bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical outcomes of neoadjuvant endocrine treatment in early breast cancer: meta-analysis
Authors: Brett Beatrice , Savva Constantinos , Mirshekar-Syahkal Bahar , Hill Martyn , Douek Michael , Copson Ellen , Cutress Ramsey 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy presents an important downstaging option with lower toxicity than neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive early breast cancer. Meta-analysis of the effects of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy on surgical outcomes across randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and cohort studies has not previously been performed.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy on surgical outcomes (PROSPERO (international prospective register of systematic reviews, 2020)) compared with surgery followed by adjuvant endocrine therapy. PubMed and EMBASE were searched to identify RCT and cohort studies between 1946 and 27 March 2024. Two independent reviewers manually screened the identified records and extracted the data. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tools and random-effects meta-analysis was done with ReviewManager.

Results
The search identified 2390 articles eligible for screening. The review included 20 studies (12 cohort and 8 RCTs); 19 were included in the meta-analysis with a total of 6382 patients. Overall, neoadjuvant endocrine therapy was associated with a lower mastectomy rate compared with surgery first (risk ratio (RR) 0.53, 95% c.i. 0.44 to 0.64). Subgroup analysis showed similar improvement in the mastectomy rate in the neoadjuvant endocrine therapy group versus control group irrespective of study type (RCT: RR 0.58, 95% c.i. 0.50 to 0.66; cohorts: RR 0.48, 95% c.i. 0.33 to 0.70). There was no difference in the mastectomy rate by duration of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (more than 4 months: RR 0.57, 95% c.i. 0.42 to 0.78; 4 months or less than 4 months: RR 0.52, 95% c.i. 0.43 to 0.64). Most of the studies were characterized by moderate-quality evidence with significant heterogeneity.

Conclusion
Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy is associated with a reduction in mastectomy rate. Given the moderate methodological quality of previous studies, further RCTs are required.

Registration ID
CRD42020209257
The capability approach in mental health research: A scoping review
Authors: Lee Hyunjin , Moon Deborah , Jenkins Aimee S , Kim Hyungduk 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The capability approach (CA), which focuses on individual freedom and choices in the conceptualization of well-being, is gaining traction in recent studies of well-being. At the same time, mental health researchers are increasingly adopting a holistic definition of mental health that encompasses both the absence and presence of mental health. Despite the fit between CA and the latest definition of mental health, limited studies examine mental health through the CA lens. To promote CA-based mental health research, this scoping review provides an overview of the mental health studies that utilized CA. Following Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) guidelines, we reviewed 61 studies published between 2007 to 2023 and written in English from Ovid PsycINFO, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. Included studies used CA as a theoretical framework underlying the interventions of interest, to guide research processes or to inform the development and validation of well-being measurements. Most studies conceptualized mental health as a continuum while a few studies focused solely on the presence or absence of psychological disorders. The included studies primarily utilized the cross-sectional design and qualitative (48.1 percent) and quantitative (34.4 percent) data collection methods. The results point to the future directions in CA-based mental health research.
A glycan biomarker predicts cognitive decline in amyloid- and tau-negative patients
Authors: Zhou Robin Ziyue , Duell Frida , Axenhus Michael , Jönsson Linus , Winblad Bengt , Tjernberg Lars O , Schedin-Weiss Sophia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease is vital for timely treatment. Existing biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease reflect amyloid- and tau-related pathology, but it is unknown whether the disease can be detected before cerebral amyloidosis is observed. N-glycosylation has been suggested as an upstream regulator of both amyloid and tau pathology, and levels of the N-glycan structure bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) correlate with tau in blood and CSF already at pre-clinical stages of the disease. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether bisecting GlcNAc could predict future cognitive decline in patients from a memory clinic cohort, stratified by amyloid/tau status. We included 251 patients (mean age: 65.6 ± 10.6 years, 60.6% female) in the GEDOC cohort, from the Memory Clinic at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Patients were classified as amyloid/tau positive or negative based on CSF biomarkers. Cognitive decline, measured by longitudinal Mini-Mental State Examination scores, was followed for an average of 10.7 ± 4.1 years and modelled using non-linear mixed effects models. Additionally, bisecting GlcNAc levels were measured in hippocampus and cortex with lectin-based immunohistochemistry in 10 Alzheimer’s disease and control brains. We found that CSF bisecting GlcNAc levels were elevated in tau-positive individuals compared with tau-negative individuals, but not in amyloid-positive individuals compared with amyloid-negative individuals. In the whole sample, high levels of CSF bisecting GlcNAc predicted earlier cognitive decline. Strikingly, amyloid/tau stratification showed that high CSF bisecting GlcNAc levels predicted earlier cognitive decline in amyloid-negative patients (β = 2.53 ± 0.85 years, P = 0.003) and tau-negative patients (β = 2.43 ± 1.01 years, P = 0.017), but not in amyloid- or tau-positive patients. Finally, histochemical analysis of bisecting GlcNAc showed increased levels in neurons in hippocampus and cortex of Alzheimer’s disease compared with control brain (fold change = 1.44–1.49, P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, high CSF levels of bisecting GlcNAc reflected neuronal pathology and predicted cognitive decline in amyloid- and tau-negative individuals, suggesting that abnormal glycosylation precedes cerebral amyloidosis and tau hyper-phosphorylation in Alzheimer’s disease. Bisecting GlcNAc is a promising novel early biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.
Cradle-to-gate analyses of biochar produced from agricultural crop residues by vacuum pyrolysis
Authors: Divyangkumar Nakum , Panwar Narayan Lal , Agrawal Chitranjan , Gupta Trilok , Meena G L , Singh Manjeet 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Agricultural waste, if not managed efficiently, can pose significant environmental threats. Biochar production, a cost-effective solution, offers a potential to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions and thereby combat climate change. However, the environmental impact of this process is not uniform and varies depending on the agricultural residue used. These impacts, spanning the entire lifecycle from cultivation to disposal, underscore the necessity of a thorough assessment before biochar can be widely adopted for practical applications. This study employs a cradle-to-gate approach to evaluate the life cycle assessment (LCAs) of producing biochar from various agro-residues, such as rice husk, sugarcane bagasse (SB), and corn cob (CC). The LCA was conducted using SimaPro software, version 9.5.0.1, and the ReCiPe impact assessment method. The results indicate that CC cultivation has the highest impact across most categories, while rice husks exhibit higher water consumption (2.8 × 103 m3). Using diesel, electricity, and fertilizers significantly contributes to global warming potential (GWP). SB shows the most negligible impact during biomass cultivation. However, pyrolysis processes exhibit high implications on various indicators. Applying biochar to soil for carbon sequestration and improvement can reduce GWP. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates a notable reduction in GWP and cumulative energy demand, approximately 10%–24% and 4–11 MWh, respectively. Paddy cultivation and rice husk biochar production have a lesser environmental impact. Changing energy sources during biomass growth and biochar production significantly influences environmental factors.
Does development in financial markets and institutions affect green growth? Empirical evidence from India
Authors: Bose Priyanka , Mahapatra Bamadev , Mishra Saswat Kishore 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study delves into the intricate connection between financial development and green growth in India. The study considers the development in financial institutions and financial markets as a proxy of financial development. By employing an autoregressive distributed lag model for the period 1990–2019, the results reveal a mixed impact of financial development on green growth in India. The study confirms a cointegrating relationship among the interested variables through the autoregressive distributed lag-bound test approach. Further, the results reported that financial institutions have a positive and statistically significant influence on green growth in India both in the short and long terms. However, financial markets have no statistically significant effect on green growth. These findings are important for policymakers, offering valuable insights into India’s intricate interplay between financial development and green growth. These findings suggest the way for targeted policy interventions to achieve green growth and better investment strategies in India’s economic landscape.
Global status and prospects for hybrid hydrogen-natural gas systems for power plants in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Fonou Husserl Djouodjinang , Fopah-Lele Armand , Mensah Lena Dzifa , Yakubu Rahimat Oyiza , Quansah David Ato 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With the lowest power access rate in the world (51.4%), Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a severe energy crisis. Many of the region’s countries report access rates of less than 20%. Even though Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest global greenhouse gas emissions, the region still suffers from climate change, especially extreme droughts. Efforts to tackle these issues by implementing a macro-grid system that integrates natural gas and renewable energy resources have not been successful in reducing the adverse environmental effects and energy poverty. This study highlights research on the technological approaches used in hybrid hydrogen/natural gas in heavy-duty dual-fuel power plants, their benefits and drawbacks, and their economic viability. The goal of this is to suggest an improved and more reliable hub energy system for Sub-Saharan Africa. While all countries in Sub-Saharan Africa utilize natural gas plants, only 17% are involved in hydrogen production, and none have implemented hybrid methods for electrical energy generation. Studies using experimental and numerical analyses have shown that adding hydrogen to natural gas plants increases overall efficiency and lowers CO2 emissions. Furthermore, this research introduces an energy hub approach that incorporates carbon capture and power-to-X technologies, potentially improving efficiency by 42%. These strategies not only support environmental sustainability but also provide economic advantages by decreasing operational and financial losses in power plants. The results reveal a new pathway for the region’s transition to sustainable energy: identifying key locations for the technological and economic viability of hybrid hydrogen/natural gas power plants in Sub-Saharan Africa.
A Comprehensive Review of Solar Assisted Technologies in India for Clean Water and Clean Energy
Authors: Manimaran R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the solar assisted technologies from the Indian subcontinent to address the sustainable development targets developed by united nations programme. For water and renewable energy, technologies presented in this paper include carbon sequestration, solar biomass, power plants with thermal and photovoltaic systems, irrigation systems, heating systems, dryers, distillation systems, solar desalination, and water treatment. Various techniques are suggested for clean water recovery using solar distillation, solar stills, and desalination. Various methods of solar drying the fruits and vegetables have been discussed using flat plate collector. Power production from solar-thermal, solar-photovoltaic and solar biomass systems are covered from recent studies. Prospects on future solar energy research is recommended on solar cells, magnetized solar stills, heat pump integrated solar power production systems, plasmonic nanofluids in solar collectors. At the conclusion, the outlook for solar technologies is examined.
Management of Vulnerable Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 With Remdesivir: A Retrospective Comparative Effectiveness Study of Mortality in US Hospitals
Authors: Mozaffari Essy , Chandak Aastha , Berry Mark , Sax Paul E , Loubet Paul , Doi Yohei , Amin Alpesh N , Ahuja Neera , Müller Veronika , Casciano Roman , Kolditz Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a major public health concern, with continued resurgences of cases and substantial risk of mortality for hospitalized patients. Remdesivir has become standard-of-care for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Given the continued evolution of the disease, clinical management of COVID-19 relies on evidence from the current endemic period.

Methods
Using the PINC AI Healthcare Database, remdesivir effectiveness was evaluated among adults hospitalized with primary diagnosis of COVID-19 between December 2021 and February 2024. Three cohorts were analyzed: adults (≥18 years), elderly (≥65 years), and those with documented COVID-19 pneumonia. Analyses were stratified by oxygen requirements. Patients who received remdesivir were matched to those who did not receive remdesivir using propensity score matching. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine in-hospital mortality.

Results
169 965 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 were included, of whom 94 129 (55.4%) initiated remdesivir in the first 2 days of hospitalization. Remdesivir was associated with significantly lower mortality rate compared to no remdesivir among patients with no supplemental oxygen charges (adjusted HR [95% CI]: 14-day, 0.75 [.69–.82]; 28-day, 0.77 [.72–.83]) and those requiring supplemental oxygen: 14-day, 0.76 [.72–.81]; 28-day, 0.79 [.74–.83]; P &lt; .0001 for all). Similar findings were observed for elderly patients and those hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Conclusions
This evidence builds on what has been learned from randomized controlled trials from the pandemic era to inform clinical practices. Remdesivir was associated with significant reduction in mortality for hospitalized patients including the elderly and those with COVID-19 pneumonia.
SMCVdb: a database of experimental cellular toxicity information for drug candidate molecules
Authors: Pandey Abhay Deep , Sharma Ghanshyam , Sharma Anshula , Vrati Sudhanshu , Nair Deepak T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many drug discovery exercises fail because small molecules that are effective inhibitors of target proteins exhibit high cellular toxicity. Early and effective assessment of toxicity and pharmacokinetics is essential to accelerate the drug discovery process. Conventional methods for toxicity profiling, including in vitro and in vivo assays, are laborious and resource-intensive. In response, we introduce the Small Molecule Cell Viability Database (SMCVdb), a comprehensive resource containing toxicity data for over 24 000 compounds obtained through high-content imaging (HCI). SMCVdb seamlessly integrates chemical descriptions and molecular weight data, offering researchers a holistic platform for toxicity data aiding compound prioritization and selection based on biological and economic considerations. Data collection for SMCVdb involved a systematic approach combining HCI toxicity profiling with chemical information and quality control measures ensured data accuracy and consistency. The user-friendly web interface of SMCVdb provides multiple search and filter options, allowing users to query the database based on compound name, molecular weight range, or viability percentage. SMCVdb empowers users to access toxicity profiles, molecular weights, compound names, and chemical descriptions, facilitating the exploration of relationships between compound properties and their effects on cell viability. In summary, the database provides experimentally derived cellular toxicity information for over 24 000 drug candidate molecules to academic researchers, and pharmaceutical companies. The SMCVdb will keep growing and will prove to be a pivotal resource to expedite research in drug discovery and compound evaluation.
Database URL: http://smcvdb.rcb.ac.in:4321/
Pacemaker lead extraction saved a severe lead-induced tricuspid regurgitation: a case report
Authors: Chai YuLiang , Liu Qiang , Chen Zhiwen , Zhang Wenjing , Liu Yuanqing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Pacemaker lead-induced tricuspid regurgitation is a common complication after cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation. Cardiac implantable electronic device lead removal is a challenge procedure.

Case summary
A 72-year-old lady was admitted due to worsening heart failure. She had a history of permanent atrial fibrillation and had a permanent single-chamber pacemaker implanted 8 years ago due to complete heart block. Transthoracic echocardiography identified severe lead-related tricuspid regurgitation. The patient underwent successful lead extraction and received a new implantation of left bunch bundle area pacing. Transthoracic echocardiographic examination 2 days after the procedure showed a significant decrease of the tricuspid regurgitation. The patient also reported an improvement in heart failure symptoms.

Discussion
Pacemaker lead-related tricuspid regurgitation introduces negative haemodynamic overload, carrying high risk for the development of heart failure and worse outcome. The present case shows a rapid relief of symptom and improvement of echocardiography findings, indicating the significance of mechanistic approach in the treatment of lead-related tricuspid mechanical interference.
‘A Matter of Joint Decision’: The Origins of British Nuclear Retaliation Procedures and the Murphy–Dean Agreement of 1958
Authors: Jones Matthew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Formally concluded by the British prime minister, Harold Macmillan, and the US president, Dwight D. Eisenhower, in June 1958, the Murphy–Dean Agreement was an important aspect of the Anglo-American nuclear relationship during the Cold War but has not yet been the subject of any detailed historical scholarship. Updated and reaffirmed by a succession of prime ministers and presidents, the Agreement’s sensitive but now declassified contents outlined the consultation procedures that would have to be followed if ever a decision was to be taken to use US nuclear forces based in the United Kingdom, or British forces equipped with US nuclear warheads. Based on new documentary evidence, this article offers the first analysis of the origins and background to the Murphy–Dean Agreement. It explains how the Agreement was rooted in the British government’s need to draw up its own initial set of nuclear retaliation procedures, which are outlined here for the first time; shows how the government was subjected to parliamentary pressure to conclude an agreement on consultation with the Americans; and argues that the eventual Agreement was highly significant in revealing the nature of the UK’s purported nuclear ‘independence’ in the late 1950s.
Understanding trends in social fluidity in Western Europe: class structural change and the OED triangle
Authors: Bukodi Erzsébet , Goldthorpe John H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We start from a general theory of intergenerational class mobility previously proposed as an alternative to the ‘liberal’ theory. In further evaluating these theories, we report empirical analyses of relations within the origins–education–destinations (OED) triangle, drawing on data for individuals born 1923–1977 in 17 European societies. In contrast with earlier research, we treat education in relative terms. We find that the tendency for fluidity to increase within class structures after World War II, rather than being the expression of a ‘worldwide secular trend’, was restricted to a distinctive historical period of rapid economic growth and class structural change. Furthermore, in accounting for this increasing fluidity, the role of education may easily be exaggerated. The weakening of the ‘direct’ OD association is of at least comparable importance to changes in the OE and ED associations. Consistently with the proposed theory, class structural change, insofar as it promotes greater upward mobility, would also appear to provide a favourable context for increasing fluidity. Where downward mobility increases, the growing motivation and the capacity of more advantaged parents to protect their children against déclassement constitutes a powerful source of resistance to change in endogenous mobility regimes.
A transcription factor, PbWRKY24, contributes to russet skin formation in pear fruits by modulating lignin accumulation
Authors: Wang Jialong , Wang Dong , Zhao Mingrui , Yu Mengyuan , Zheng Xiaodong , Tian Yike , Sun Zhijuan , Liu Xiaoli , Wang Caihong , Ma Changqing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Skin color is one of the major traits of fruit appearance quality in pear (Pyrus) that affects the fruit commodity value. Russet skin protects pear fruits from environmental stresses and its formation process is closely linked to lignin accumulation. However, the molecular regulatory networks underlying russet skin formation in pear fruits involve complex secondary metabolic pathways and remain elusive. Here, we explored the regulatory mechanisms underlying lignin accumulation in pear skin based on transcriptome sequencing, co-expression network analysis, and gene expression profiling. We identified a WRKY transcription factor gene, PbWRKY24, that regulates russet skin formation in pear fruits. The relative expression of PbWRKY24 in russet pear skin was significantly correlated with lignin content. We then verified the function of PbWRKY24 in lignin accumulation via genetic transformation. DNA affinity purification sequencing revealed that PbWRKY24 directly binds to the promoter of a lignin biosynthesis gene, PbPRX4. This binding was confirmed by yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Overexpression of PbPRX4 in pear skin stimulated lignin accumulation and consequently promoted russet skin formation. This study provides a glimpse into the intricate lignin biosynthesis mechanisms during russet skin formation in pear fruits, which is of practical significance to pear breeding for fruit quality.