bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New method of preoxygenation for orotracheal intubation in patients with hypoxaemic acute respiratory failure in the intensive care unit, non-invasive ventilation combined with apnoeic oxygenation by high flow nasal oxygen: the randomised OPTINIV study protocol
Authors: Jaber Samir , Molinari Nicolas , De Jong Audrey 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionTracheal intubation in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with severe life-threatening complications including severe hypoxaemia. Preoxygenation before intubation has been recommended in order to decrease such complications. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV)-assisted preoxygenation allows increased oxygen saturation during the intubation procedure, by applying a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to prevent alveolar derecruitment. However, the NIV mask has to be taken off after preoxygenation to allow the passage of the tube through the mouth. The patient with hypoxaemia does not receive oxygen during this period, at risk of major hypoxaemia. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) has a potential for apnoeic oxygenation during the apnoea period following the preoxygenation with NIV. Whether application of HFNC combined with NIV is more effective at reducing oxygen desaturation during the intubation procedure compared with NIV alone for preoxygenation in patients with hypoxaemia in the ICU with acute respiratory failure remains to be established.Methods and analysisThe HFNC combined to NIV for decreasing oxygen desaturation during the intubation procedure in patients with hypoxaemia in the ICU (OPTINIV) trial is an investigator-initiated monocentre randomised controlled two-arm trial with assessor-blinded outcome assessment. The OPTINIV trial randomises 50 patients with hypoxaemia requiring orotracheal intubation for acute respiratory failure to receive NIV (pressure support=10, PEEP=5, fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2)=100%) combined with HFNC (flow=60 L/min, FiO2=100%, interventional group) or NIV alone (reference group) for preoxygenation. The primary outcome is lowest oxygen saturation during the intubation procedure. Secondary outcomes are intubation-related complications, quality of preoxygenation and ICU mortality.Ethics and disseminationThe study project has been approved by the appropriate ethics committee (CPP Sud-Méditerranée). Informed consent is required. If combined application of HFNC and NIV for preoxygenation of patients with hypoxaemia in the ICU proves superior to NIV preoxygenation, its use will become standard practice, thereby decreasing hypoxaemia during the intubation procedure and potential complications related to intubation.Trial registration numberNCT02530957.
Pursuit of performance excellence: a population study of Norwegian adolescent female cross-country skiers and biathletes with disordered eating
Authors: Pettersen Ingvild , Hernæs Erik , Skårderud Finn 
Published: August 2016

AimTo examine the prevalence of disordered eating (DE) among the total population of Norwegian female cross-country skiers and biathletes at the junior level, and to determine whether sociodemographic characteristics predict DE among athletes.MethodsA cross-sectional population study of Norwegian female junior cross-country skiers and biathletes (n=262), with a response rate of 86%. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses explored the prevalence of DE and its relation to sports, competitive age groups, competitive status and education. DE was defined as meeting at least 1 of the following criteria from 2 subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2: the Drive for Thinness score ≥15 and/or the Body Dissatisfaction score ≥14.Results18.7% of the athletes had DE. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of DE between the sports or the competitive age groups. Athletes who had dropped out of sports had a significantly higher occurrence of DE, while athletes who attended upper secondary schools of elite sports or general studies had a significantly higher occurrence of DE based on Drive for Thinness.ConclusionsThe number of female cross-country skiers and biathletes with DE is higher than that found in previous similar studies using the same screening instruments. Type of education and competitive status are significant predictors of DE, indicating that DE in addition to having adverse effects on an athlete's health, may also lead to early dropout of sport. This indicates that health and achievement are not always compatible within sports.
Psychological distress, neuroticism, and cause-specific mortality: early prospective evidence from UK Biobank
Authors: Batty G David , McIntosh Andrew M , Russ Tom C , Deary Ian J , Gale Catharine R 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundIt is well established that psychological distress (depression and anxiety) is related to an increased risk of mortality. The personality trait of neuroticism, reflecting a relatively stable tendency towards negative emotions, has also been associated with elevated rates of death in some studies. Accordingly, we tested the possibility that it is the neuroticism trait itself, rather than the distress state, that is generating an increased risk of mortality.MethodsWe used data from the UK Biobank study, a UK-wide prospective cohort study (2006–2010) in which distress was ascertained using the Patient Health Questionnaire and neuroticism using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Form.ResultsA mean of 6.2 years of follow-up of 308 721 study members gave rise to 4334 deaths. Higher neuroticism was weakly associated with total mortality (age-adjusted and sex-adjusted HR per SD increase; 95% CI 1.05; 1.02 to 1.09), and moderately strongly correlated with distress symptoms (r=0.55, p<0.0001). Distress symptoms were positively related to risk of total mortality (age-adjusted and sex-adjusted HR per SD increase in distress; 95% CI 1.23; 1.20 to 1.26). This gradient was, in fact, slightly strengthened after adding neuroticism to the multivariable model (1.30; 1.26 to 1.34) but markedly attenuated after taking into account other covariates which included health behaviours and somatic disease (1.16; 1.12 to 1.20). Similar results were apparent when cardiovascular disease, cancer and external cause of death were the end points of interest.ConclusionsWhile there was good a priori reasons to anticipate the neuroticism would at least partially explain the relation between distress symptoms and cause-specific mortality, we found no such evidence in the present study.
The clinical value of pathology tests and imaging study in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis
Authors: Chen Ko-Chin , Arad Alon , Chen Ko-Chien , Storrar Jonathan , Christy Andrew G 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the diagnostic accuracy of acute appendicitis among different patient groups and evaluate the statistical diagnostic values of common pathology and imaging tests for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.Main MeasuresProportions of histology-proven appendicitis in different patient groups. Statistical parameters including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (+LR), negative likelihood ratio (-LR) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) between the histology-proven appendicitis and abnormal results of U/S, CT, WCC, CRP, bilirubin, pancreatic, and combined test results of WCC and CRP.ResultsOur data showed that up to 25.7% of patients underwent appendectomy has normal appendix. Appendicitis is often accurately diagnosed among male patients, up to 90.3% of the time, while misdiagnosis of appendicitis among young females (&lt;40 years old) is significantly high, up to 30.9%. CT has high diagnostic performance index for appendicitis, sensitivity &gt; 90%, and no individual pathology test out of those examined can rival the sensitivity of CT. Nevertheless, by examining the combined results of WCC and CRP, we found that abnormal results in one or both these yields sensitivity similar to CT scans in detecting acute appendicitis, up to 95%.ConclusionYoung female patients have highest risk of being falsely diagnosed with acute appendicitis and hence unnecessary surgery. Bilirubin and lipase exhibit no correlations with acute appendicitis. Combined interpretation of WCC or CRP abnormal results yields competitive sensitivity as CT. Hencewe would suggest that, under the appropriate clinical context, one can use both WCC and CRP as a simple tool to support the diagnosis of appendicitis. If both tests show normal results, we would highly recommend considering alternative diagnosis.
Stratigraphic architecture of the Knarr Field, Norwegian North Sea: sedimentology and biostratigraphy of an evolving tide- to wave-dominated shoreline system
Authors: Churchill James M. , Poole Matthew T. , Skarpeid Silje S. , Wakefield Matthew I. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The Knarr Field is located on the Tampen Spur, Norwegian continental shelf and was discovered in 2008 by the Jordbær well (34/3-1S), with additional resources later added to the field by the Jordbær Vest well (34/3-3S) in 2011. Within the Knarr Field, the Cook Formation is informally divided into the Lower Cook and Upper Cook successions and appears to have prograded from east to west. The Lower Cook consists of Sands 1, 2 and 3 and the Upper Cook consists of Sands 4 and 5, with the sands separated by intraformational mudstones that are commonly chronostratigraphically constrained; the J15 maximum flooding surface separates the Lower and Upper Cook. The tide-dominated Lower Cook is notably heterolithic, with intricate intercalations of sandstone and mudrock lithologies representing tidal channel, tidal bar and intertidal bar facies. The Upper Cook represents a series of coarsening-upwards cycles that displays the systematic changes in facies and ichnology expected for a shoreface succession, consisting of offshore, offshore transition zone and shoreface facies. Palynomorphs confirm these observations and suggest that the Lower Cook was deposited in brackish-water conditions, whereas the presence of more marine fossils in the Upper Cook suggests an increase in marine influence. The integration of the sedimentology and biostratigraphy described herein enabled the establishment of a robust reservoir zonation that has been utilized during the development and ongoing exploitation of the Knarr Field.
Controls on the location of compressional deformation on the NW European margin
Authors: Kimbell G. S. , Stewart M. A. , Gradmann S. , Shannon P. M. , Funck T. , Haase C. , Stoker M. S. , Hopper J. R. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The distribution of Cenozoic compressional structures along the NW European margin has been compared with maps of the thickness of the crystalline crust derived from a compilation of seismic refraction interpretations and gravity modelling, and with the distribution of high-velocity lower crust and/or partially serpentinized upper mantle detected by seismic experiments. Only a subset of the mapped compressional structures coincide with areas susceptible to lithospheric weakening as a result of crustal hyperextension and partial serpentinization of the upper mantle. Notably, partially serpentinized upper mantle is well documented beneath the central part of the southern Rockall Basin, but compressional features are sparse in that area. Where compressional structures have formed but the upper mantle is not serpentinized, simple rheological modelling suggests an alternative weakening mechanism involving ductile lower crust and lithospheric decoupling. The presence of pre-existing weak zones (associated with the properties of the gouge and overpressure in fault zones) and local stress magnitude and orientation are important contributing factors.
Somatic Engineering of Oncogenic Chromosomal Rearrangements: A Perspective
Authors: Maddalo Danilo , Ventura Andrea 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The ability to engineer specific mutations in mice has proven essential to advancing our understanding of the molecular basis of cancer. Chromosomal rearrangements, a common and clinically relevant class of cancer-causing mutations, have however remained difficult to faithfully recapitulate in vivo. The development of genetic tools for in vivo somatic genome editing has recently overcome this limitation and led to the generation of more sophisticated and accurate preclinical models of human cancers. Here, we review the potential applications of these new technologies to the study of tumor biology and discuss their advantages over more conventional strategies, their limitations, and the remaining challenges. Cancer Res; 76(17); 4918–23. ©2016 AACR.
Challenging Roadblocks to Cancer Cure
Authors: Loda Massimo 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The Pezcoller Symposium in Trento, Italy, June 2015, focused entirely on the question of why advanced cancer cure is so uncommon despite the extraordinarily rapid growth of invaluable therapeutic information. Participants were asked to define and to critically evaluate real and potential obstacles to permanent disease eradication. High-level concepts on potential road blocks to cures as well as opportunities for intervention in diverse areas of investigation ranging from genomic alterations to metabolism, microenvironment, immunity, and mechanotransduction were discussed. Provocative concepts and novel therapeutic avenues were proposed. What follows is a critical analysis of the highlights of this meeting. Cancer Res; 76(17); 4924–30. ©2016 AACR.
Impact of Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity on Tumor Growth and Therapy Response in Brain Metastases
Authors: Osswald Matthias , Blaes Jonas , Liao Yunxiang , Solecki Gergely , Gömmel Miriam , Berghoff Anna S. , Salphati Laurent , Wallin Jeffrey J. , Phillips Heidi S. , Wick Wolfgang , Winkler Frank 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Purpose: The role of blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity for brain tumor biology and therapy is a matter of debate.
Experimental Design: We developed a new experimental approach using in vivo two-photon imaging of mouse brain metastases originating from a melanoma cell line to investigate the growth kinetics of individual tumor cells in response to systemic delivery of two PI3K/mTOR inhibitors over time, and to study the impact of microregional vascular permeability. The two drugs are closely related but differ regarding a minor chemical modification that greatly increases brain penetration of one drug.
Results: Both inhibitors demonstrated a comparable inhibition of downstream targets and melanoma growth in vitro. In vivo, increased BBB permeability to sodium fluorescein was associated with accelerated growth of individual brain metastases. Melanoma metastases with permeable microvessels responded similarly to equivalent doses of both inhibitors. In contrast, metastases with an intact BBB showed an exclusive response to the brain-penetrating inhibitor. The latter was true for macro- and micrometastases, and even single dormant melanoma cells. Nuclear morphology changes and single-cell regression patterns implied that both inhibitors, if extravasated, target not only perivascular melanoma cells but also those distant to blood vessels.
Conclusions: Our study provides the first direct evidence that nonpermeable brain micro- and macrometastases can effectively be targeted by a drug designed to cross the BBB. Small-molecule inhibitors with these optimized properties are promising agents in preventing or treating brain metastases in patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6078–87. ©2016 AACR.
See related commentary by Steeg et al., p. 5953
Multiple Expressed Endogenous Glioma Epitopes as Novel Vaccines for Gliomas
Authors: Lowenstein Pedro R. , Castro Maria G. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A novel approach to immunization against glioma tumors is described. Immunization against 11 antigens expressed in malignant brain tumors elicits responses to one or more antigens in a large percentage of patients. This novel approach suggests that it could be extended to a phase III trial. Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4760–2. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Rampling et al., p. 4776
Multiparametric Genomic Assays for Breast Cancer: Time for the Next Generation?
Authors: Brufsky Adam M. , Davidson Nancy E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The Breast Cancer Index appears to perform better than the 21-gene recurrence score in predicting 10-year disease-free survival in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive lymph node–negative early-stage breast cancer. This may have implications for clinical use of first-generation versus second-generation multiparametric genomic assays. Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 4963–5. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Sestak et al., p. 5043
Butterflies (Lepidoptera) of the Kameng Protected Area Complex, western Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Sondhi Sanjay , Kunte Krushnamegh 
Published: August 2016

The butterflies of the Kameng Protected Area Complex in western Arunachal Pradesh, India, covering the protected areas of Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, Pakke Tiger Reserve and Sessa Orchid Wildlife Sanctuary were surveyed over a 5-year period (2009–2014). A total of 421 butterfly species were recorded during the survey, including two species new to India (Gonepteryx amintha thibetana and Bhutanitis ludlowi) and several species rediscoveries and range extensions in the Eastern Himalaya, most notably Arhopala belphoebe, Sovia separata magna, Aulocera saraswati vishnu, Calinaga aborica, Callerebia annada annada, and Callerebria scanda opima. Here we provide an annotated checklist of butterflies of the Kameng Protected Area Complex, including historical records, distributions, abundance, habitats and other notes on these 421 species. An additional 42 species recorded in older literature or by other authors in recent times are also listed, taking the total number of species recorded in the landscape to 463.
Elucidating the Association Between Depressive Symptoms, Coronary Heart Disease, and Stroke in Black and White Adults: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
Authors: Moise Nathalie , Khodneva Yulia , Richman Joshua , Shimbo Daichi , Kronish Ian , Safford Monika M. 
Published: August 2016

Background

Depression is a relapsing and remitting disease. Prior studies on the association between depressive symptoms and incident cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) have been limited by single measurements, and few if any have examined both incident coronary heart disease and stroke in a large biracial national cohort. We aimed to assess whether time‐dependent depressive symptoms conferred increased risk of incident
CVD
.

Methods and Results

Between 2003 to 2007, 22 666 black and white participants (aged ≥45 years) without baseline CVD in the
RE
asons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (
REGARDS
) study were recruited. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses assessed the association between up to 3 measurements of elevated depressive symptoms (4‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score ≥4) and incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and
CVD
death adjusting for age, sex, region, income, health insurance, education, blood pressure, cholesterol, medication, obesity, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, C‐reactive protein, corrected
QT
interval, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy, smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity, medication adherence, and antidepressant use. The participants’ average age was 63.4 years, 58.8% were female, and 41.7% black. Time‐varying depressive symptoms were significantly associated with
CVD
death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.30, 95%
CI
1.04–1.63), with a trend toward significance for fatal and nonfatal stroke (adjusted hazard ratio 1.26, 95%
CI
0.99–1.60) but not fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (adjusted hazard ratio 1.11, 95%
CI
0.89–1.38). Race did not moderate the association between depressive symptoms and CVD.

Conclusions

Proximal depressive symptoms were associated with incident fatal and nonfatal stroke and
CVD
death even after controlling for multiple explanatory factors, further supporting the urgent need for timely management of depressive symptoms.
Surgical treatment for an uncommon headache: A gap of 4800 years
Authors: Isidro Albert , Burdeus Joan Manel , Loscos Sergi , Bara Javier , Bosch Josep , Gallart Anna 
Published: August 2016

Background Surgical management of headache due to anomalies in the cervical spine is uncommon, as most cases improve with drugs and/or physical therapy. Case We report two instances of a very uncommon congenital upper cervical spine anomaly due to the presence of a pseudoarthrosis between a unilateral paracondylar process in the base of the skull and an epitransverse process arising from the transverse apophysis (PCP/ETA). The first one corresponds to a male on whom an endoscopic guided puncture was performed, and the second to an adult male from the Neolithic period who showed two cranial trepanations together with the presence of morphine metabolites in both bones and dental calculus. Discussion We draw a parallel between the treatment of two individuals separated by a gap of more than 4800 years: contemporary direct vision of the false joint through a small endoscope, which provides an accurate puncture, and ancient double trepanation with clear signs of bone eburnation.
Experiences that inspire hope: Perspectives of suicidal patients
Authors: Vatne May , Nåden Dagfinn 
Published: August 2016

Background: Suffering in a suicidal crisis includes feelings such as despair, loneliness, anxiety, fear, shame, guilt and hopelessness. This study highlights the experiences of patients in the aftermath of suicide attempts. The research question was, what do suicidal patients see as meaningful help in care and treatment situations? Methodology: The methodology is inspired by Gadamer’s hermeneutics, where the parts are understood in light of the whole, and the whole is understood in light of the parts. Qualitative interviews were employed. Participants and research context: A total of 10 persons, 4 women and 6 men 21–52 years old, were informed and asked to participate by specialists in psychology at two emergency psychiatric wards and by one crisis resolution team. Nine of the participants had experienced one or more suicide attempts using drugs and alcohol. Forced hospitalization prevented one of the 10 participants from attempting suicide. Ethical considerations: Before the participants signed an informed consent form, the interviewer met all participants to provide the written information, talking about the interview. A meeting to terminate contact was arranged after the participants had read their own interviews. Findings: Three themes were generated by the methodology we applied: (1) experiencing hope through encounters, (2) experiencing hope through the atmosphere of wisdom and (3) experiencing a ray of hope from taking back responsibility. Discussion: The findings are discussed in the light of Eriksson’s suffering theory and Lindström’s theory about psychiatric care, as well as earlier research and theories about suicidality. Conclusion: The study reinforces possibilities that hope in suicidal patients can be inspired in encounters with healthcare personnel and within caring cultures. Through dialogue and cooperation, patients’ safety and ability to cope with suffering is created and thereby the hope and will to struggle for life.