bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of emotional intelligence capabilities in clinical reasoning and decision‐making: A qualitative, exploratory study
Authors: Hutchinson Marie , Hurley John , Kozlowski Desirée , Whitehair Leeann 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore clinical nurses’ experiences of using emotional intelligence capabilities during clinical reasoning and decision‐making.BackgroundThere has been little research exploring whether, or how, nurses employ emotional intelligence (EI) in clinical reasoning and decision‐making.DesignQualitative phase of a larger mixed‐methods study.MethodsSemistructured qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of registered nurses (n = 12) following EI training and coaching. Constructivist thematic analysis was employed to analyse the narrative transcripts.ResultsThree themes emerged: the sensibility to engage EI capabilities in clinical contexts, motivation to actively engage with emotions in clinical decision‐making and incorporating emotional and technical perspectives in decision‐making.ConclusionContinuing to separate cognition and emotion in research, theorising and scholarship on clinical reasoning is counterproductive.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding more about nurses’ use of EI has the potential to improve the calibre of decisions, and the safety and quality of care delivered.
Risk assessment and subsequent nursing interventions in a forensic mental health inpatient setting: Associations and impact on aggressive behaviour
Authors: Maguire Tessa , Daffern Michael , Bowe Steven J , McKenna Brian 
Published: October 2017

Aim and objectivesTo examine associations between risk of aggression and nursing interventions designed to prevent aggression.BackgroundThere is scarce empirical research exploring the nature and effectiveness of interventions designed to prevent inpatient aggression. Some strategies may be effective when patients are escalating, whereas others may be effective when aggression is imminent. Research examining level of risk for aggression and selection and effectiveness of interventions and impact on aggression is necessary.DesignArchival case file.MethodsData from clinical files of 30 male and 30 female patients across three forensic acute units for the first 60 days of hospitalisation were collected. Risk for imminent aggression as measured by the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression, documented nursing interventions following each assessment, and acts of aggression within the 24‐hours following assessment were collected. Generalised estimating equations were used to investigate whether intervention strategies were associated with reduction in aggression.ResultsWhen a Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression assessment was completed, nurses intervened more frequently compared to days when no Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression assessment was completed. Higher Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression assessments were associated with a greater number of interventions. The percentage of interventions selected for males differed from females; males received more pro re nata medication and observation, and females received more limit setting, one‐to‐one nursing and reassurance. Pro re nata medication was the most commonly documented intervention (35.9%) in this study. Pro re nata medication, limit setting and reassurance were associated with an increased likelihood of aggression in some risk bands.ConclusionsStructured risk assessment prompts intervention, and higher risk ratings result in more interventions. Patient gender influences the type of interventions. Some interventions are associated with increased aggression, although this depends upon gender and risk level.Relevance to clinical practiceWhen structured risk assessments are used, there is greater likelihood of intervention. Intervention should occur early using least restrictive interventions.
Nurses’ perspectives on how an e‐message system supports cross‐sectoral communication in relation to medication administration: A qualitative study
Authors: Foged Signe , Nørholm Vibeke , Andersen Ove , Petersen Helle Vendel 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectivesTo describe nurses’ perspectives on how an e‐message system supports communication between hospital and home care nurses in relation to medication administration.BackgroundMedication administration is a complex process involving a high risk of error. Unclear communication and lack of updated information about medication have been identified as the leading cause of medication errors during care transitions. E‐message systems are progressively being used to improve information exchange across sectors, yet little is known about their usage for exchange of medication information between nurses.DesignA qualitative design using content analysis.MethodsFocus group interviews were conducted with nurses from eight hospital wards and six municipalities (n = 79). Participant observations were conducted in three hospital wards and in three municipalities (165 hr).ResultsThe e‐message system did not provide the information needed by the home care nurses to ensure safe medication administration after discharge due to (1) limitations of the system, (2) hospital nurses’ lack of knowledge about home care nurses’ information needs and (3) hospital nurses’ lack of access to medication information. Due the home care nurses’ perception of responsibility, they bypassed the e‐message system to get the information.ConclusionsThe home care nurses perceived themselves as the last link in the safety chain. As such, access to adequate information was essential for the nurses to ensure safe medication administration; however, the e‐message system did not support exchange of the information needed.Relevance to clinical practiceE‐message systems must meet home care nurses’ need for information to ensure that safe medication administration does not depend on the knowledge of the individual nurse. Moreover, other system factors that influence interprofessional collaboration and nurses’ cross‐sectoral communication must be addressed.
The ‘how’ and ‘where’ of plant microRNAs
Authors: Yu Yu , Jia Tianran , Chen Xuemei 
Published: October 2017

SummaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs, of typically 20–24 nt, that regulate gene expression post‐transcriptionally through sequence complementarity. Since the identification of the first miRNA, lin‐4, in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in 1993, thousands of miRNAs have been discovered in animals and plants, and their regulatory roles in numerous biological processes have been uncovered. In plants, research efforts have established the major molecular framework of miRNA biogenesis and modes of action, and are beginning to elucidate the mechanisms of miRNA degradation. Studies have implicated restricted and surprising subcellular locations in which miRNA biogenesis or activity takes place. In this article, we summarize the current knowledge on how plant miRNAs are made and degraded, and how they repress target gene expression. We discuss not only the players involved in these processes, but also the subcellular sites in which these processes are known or implicated to take place. We hope to raise awareness that the cell biology of miRNAs holds the key to a full understanding of these enigmatic molecules.

Contents

Summary
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I.
MicroRNA biogenesis in plants
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II.
Modes of action of miRNAs
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III.
Turnover of miRNAs
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IV.
Concluding remarks
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Acknowledgements
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References
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Salicylic acid‐dependent immunity contributes to resistance against Rhizoctonia solani, a necrotrophic fungal agent of sheath blight, in rice and Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Kouzai Yusuke , Kimura Mamiko , Watanabe Megumi , Kusunoki Kazuki , Osaka Daiki , Suzuki Tomoko , Matsui Hidenori , Yamamoto Mikihiro , Ichinose Yuki , Toyoda Kazuhiro , Matsuura Takakazu , Mori Izumi C. , Hirayama Takashi , Minami Eiichi , Nishizawa Yoko , Inoue Komaki , Onda Yoshihiko , Mochida Keiichi , Noutoshi Yoshiteru 
Published: October 2017

Summary

Rhizoctonia solani is a soil‐borne fungus causing sheath blight. In consistent with its necrotrophic life style, no rice cultivars fully resistant to R. solani are known, and agrochemical plant defense activators used for rice blast, which upregulate a phytohormonal salicylic acid (SA)‐dependent pathway, are ineffective towards this pathogen. As a result of the unavailability of genetics, the infection process of R. solani remains unclear.

We used the model monocotyledonous plants Brachypodium distachyon and rice, and evaluated the effects of phytohormone‐induced resistance to R. solani by pharmacological, genetic and microscopic approaches to understand fungal pathogenicity.

Pretreatment with SA, but not with plant defense activators used in agriculture, can unexpectedly induce sheath blight resistance in plants. SA treatment inhibits the advancement of R. solani to the point in the infection process in which fungal biomass shows remarkable expansion and specific infection machinery is developed. The involvement of SA in R. solani resistance is demonstrated by SA‐deficient NahG transgenic rice and the sheath blight‐resistant B. distachyon accessions, Bd3‐1 and Gaz‐4, which activate SA‐dependent signaling on inoculation.

Our findings suggest a hemi‐biotrophic nature of R. solani, which can be targeted by SA‐dependent plant immunity. Furthermore, B. distachyon provides a genetic resource that can confer disease resistance against R. solani to plants.
Effects of probiotics on body weight, body mass index, fat mass and fat percentage in subjects with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Borgeraas H. , Johnson L. K. , Skattebu J. , Hertel J. K. , Hjelmesæth J. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to examine the effects of probiotic supplementation on body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass and fat percentage in subjects with overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg m−2) or obesity (BMI ≥30 kg m−2). MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for studies published between 1946 and September 2016. A meta‐analysis, using a random effects model, was performed to calculate the weighted mean difference between the intervention and control groups. Of 800 studies identified through the literature search, 15 were finally included. The studies comprised a total of 957 subjects (63% women), with the mean BMI being 27.6 kg m−2 and the duration of the interventions ranging from 3 to 12 weeks. Administration of probiotics resulted in a significantly larger reduction in body weight (weighted mean difference [95% confidence interval]; −0.60 [−1.19, −0.01] kg, I2 = 49%), BMI (−0.27 [−0.45, −0.08] kg m−2, I2 = 57%) and fat percentage (−0.60 [−1.20, −0.01] %, I2 = 19%), compared with placebo; however, the effect sizes were small. The effect of probiotics on fat mass was non‐significant (−0.42 [−1.08, 0.23] kg, I2 = 84%).
IRF‐1 SNPs influence the risk for childhood allergic asthma: A critical role for pro‐inflammatory immune regulation
Authors: Landgraf‐Rauf Katja , Boeck Andreas , Siemens Diana , Klucker Elisabeth , Vogelsang Vanessa , Schmidt Susanne , Kunze Sonja , Weissenbacher Claudia , Graessel Anke , Schmidt‐Weber Carsten , von Mutius Erika , Schedel Michaela , Schaub Bianca 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAllergic and non‐allergic childhood asthma has been characterized by distinct immune mechanisms. While interferon regulating factor 1 (IRF‐1) polymorphisms (SNPs) influence atopy risk, the effect of SNPs on asthma phenotype‐specific immune mechanisms is unclear. We assessed whether IRF‐1 SNPs modify distinct immune‐regulatory pathways in allergic and non‐allergic childhood asthma (AA/NA).MethodsIn the CLARA study, asthma was characterized by doctor's diagnosis and AA vs NA by positive or negative specific IgE. Children were genotyped for four tagging SNPs within IRF‐1 (n = 172). mRNA expression was measured with qRT‐PCR. Gene expression was analyzed depending on genetic variants within IRF‐1 and phenotype including haplotype estimation and an allelic risk score.ResultsCarrying the risk alleles of IRF‐1 in rs10035166, rs2706384, or rs2070721 was associated with increased risk for AA. Carrying the non‐risk allele in rs17622656 was associated with lower risk for AA but not NA. In AA carrying the risk alleles, an increased pro‐inflammatory expression of ICAM3, IRF‐8, XBP‐1, IFN‐γ, RGS13, RORC, and TSC2 was observed. NOD2 expression was decreased in AA with risk alleles in rs2706384 and rs10035166 and with risk haplotype. Further, AA with risk haplotype showed increased IL‐13 secretion. NA with risk allele in rs2070721 compared to non‐risk allele in rs17622656 showed significantly upregulated calcium, innate, mTOR, neutrophil, and inflammatory‐associated genes.ConclusionIRF‐1 polymorphisms influence the risk for childhood allergic asthma being associated with increased pro‐inflammatory gene regulation. Thus, it is critical to implement IRF‐1 genetics in immune assessment for childhood asthma phenotypes.
Vessel diameter is related to amount and spatial arrangement of axial parenchyma in woody angiosperms
Authors: Morris Hugh , Gillingham Mark A.F. , Plavcová Lenka , Gleason Sean M. , Olson Mark E. , Coomes David A. , Fichtler Esther , Klepsch Matthias M. , Martínez‐Cabrera Hugo I. , McGlinn Daniel J. , Wheeler Elisabeth A. , Zheng Jingming , Ziemińska Kasia , Jansen Steven 
Published: October 2017

AbstractParenchyma represents a critically important living tissue in the sapwood of the secondary xylem of woody angiosperms. Considering various interactions between parenchyma and water transporting vessels, we hypothesize a structure–function relationship between both cell types. Through a generalized additive mixed model approach based on 2,332 woody angiosperm species derived from the literature, we explored the relationship between the proportion and spatial distribution of ray and axial parenchyma and vessel size, while controlling for maximum plant height and a range of climatic factors. When factoring in maximum plant height, we found that with increasing mean annual temperatures, mean vessel diameter showed a positive correlation with axial parenchyma proportion and arrangement, but not for ray parenchyma. Species with a high axial parenchyma tissue fraction tend to have wide vessels, with most of the parenchyma packed around vessels, whereas species with small diameter vessels show a reduced amount of axial parenchyma that is not directly connected to vessels. This finding provides evidence for independent functions of axial parenchyma and ray parenchyma in large vesselled species and further supports a strong role for axial parenchyma in long‐distance xylem water transport.
Instability of Economic Systems: Signals, Asymmetric Reactions, Corrections
Authors: Cossiga Giovanni Antonio 
Published: October 2017

An economic system becomes unstable when it’s deviating from the compatible growth course, because of human errors. Systems have a natural tendency to linear growth so that if they deviate, the growth and price profile takes a cyclical trend. The cyclical rhythm of the economy is not an end, but it’s a natural order trying to bring the economy back to its lost stability, over time. The unstable system, in promoting this return to stability, has a whole range of tools, including the spread of implicit perceptions about the economy state among companies and families: a sort of signal widespread by the sick economy. So, every common man is perceiving the country system malaise, nevertheless without having a direct knowledge of the problems and their causes. Starting from this implicit perception, the democratic process and the periodic use of polls are to be considered not only as the exercise of civic rights, but also as a test for the choice of a good government that would implement the program to balance again the unstable system. The collective wisdom of the people in selecting their own rulers, thus is moving in the context of the economy’s general tendency to the stability and to the compatibility with the natural environment. Moreover, the asymmetric market reaction is also reported. The system reacts to a prolonged instability with speculative waves inexorably converging towards the financial crisis, to clean up the corrupt system. Finally, a mention to the Euro theme is also made.
Anticipated Operational Occurrences That Could Develop into Serious
Accidents
Authors: Miranda Samuel 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Nuclear safety analysis and licensing criteria are based upon the concept that plant situations that are expected to have a high frequency of occurrence must not pose a danger to the public, and that plant situations that could pose a danger to the public must be limited to situations that have a very low expected frequency of occurrence. This concept is implemented by grouping postulated plant situations (or events) into categories that are defined according to their expected frequencies of occurrence (i.e., high-frequency, low-consequence events, and low-frequency, high consequence events). In plant licensing basis analyses, events in each category must be shown to yield consequences that remain within the limits that are specified for that category. To protect the integrity of this categorization scheme, events must not be allowed to develop into the more serious events that belong in other, higher-consequence categories. In other words, nuclear plant designs must not allow high-frequency, low-consequence events to degrade into high-frequency, high-consequence events. The development of this system of frequency-based categorization is discussed, followed by an evaluation of various methods that could, and could not be used to demonstrate, for licensing purposes, that benign events are prevented from becoming serious accidents.
Effect of Materials on the Heat Transfer to Supercritical Pressure Fluids
Authors: Lei Xianliang , Kong Xiangfei , Zhang Qian , Zhang Weiqiang , Li Huixiong 
Published: October 2017

Supercritical pressure fluids are widely used in many advanced single-phase thermosiphons as a working medium due to its high convective heat transfer efficiency and simpler design. However, the heat transfer in the pseudocritical region is very complex due to its steep variation of thermophysical properties and effect by the operating parameters. Under supercritical pressures, special heat transfer phenomenon can be observed in the heated tubes, three totally different heat transfer regimes present. As a result of the similarity between subcritical boiling phenomena and the deteriorated heat transfer behavior at supercritical pressure, scholars observed that heater with different materials but the same operating conditions, different types of free convection would be appeared by investigating the boiling-like phenomenon of carbon dioxide, which seems that boiling-like phenomena are specific to heater materials.
The aim of this present study is to investigate the effects of thermophysical and chemical properties of heater materials upon heat transfer to supercritical water. In the present paper, two circular pipes with differential usual materials (AISI 321 and Inconel 600) are experimentally investigated by the electrically heating methods. The difference between AISI 321 and Inconel 600 in both enhanced and deteriorated heat transfer regimes are discussed respectively, then the heat transfer discrepancy caused by the materials analyzed. The results show that the heat transfer of supercritical pressure fluids dependent not only on the variation of the operating/boundary conditions but also on the materials of heating surface.
The Design, Analysis, and Fabrication of an Additively Manufactured Twisted Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: Bernardin John D. , Ferguson Kyle , Sattler David , Kim Seung-Jun 
Published: October 2017

The rapid development of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies has provided engineers with new methods to design and fabricate complex mechanisms. AM offers unique methods to allow for integration and simplification of components, reduced manufacturing time, fabrication of complex-shaped objects, improvements upon existing designs, and extending the creative design space which engineers rely on for ingenuity.
For many applications, heat exchanger performance can be improved by reducing its size, increasing the overall heat transfer coefficient and surface area, and making more efficient use of the mechanical structure for heat exchange. Traditional manufacturing often limits or prohibits many of these enhancements due to increased manufacturing and assembly costs. This study explored using AM to design and fabricate a compact twisted tube stainless steel shell and tube heat exchanger that would improve upon all of the features just mentioned.
This paper discusses the design of the heat exchanger and the AM technique used to fabricate a prototype. The manuscript will show via CFD analyses, how the heat transfer area of the unit was improved 18% and the overall heat transfer coefficient as increased by 40% over a traditional round tube heat exchanger with an identical footprint. Further, the study will show how AM was leveraged to combine five manufacturing steps into one to fabricate a prototype, fully functional twisted tube heat exchanger.
Advanced Thermal Measures of Vascular Reactivity
Authors: Akhtar M. Wasy 
Published: October 2017

New measures of Digital Thermal Monitoring (DTM), a low cost non-invasive tool to assess vascular health, are developed. Original measures of thermal vascular reactivity tend to be dependent upon the initial vascular state (such as temperature before occlusion).
The objective of this study is to identify new measures that will provide a single independent predictor of vascular health. Full three dimensional simulations were carried out to simulate transient finger tip temperature response during brachial occlusion and reperfusion. These numerical results were validated with patient data and then used to simulate a variety of test cases and discern relationships between the thermal measure and the surge in flow rate (reactive hyperemia).
Defining the zero-reactivity response as the response to a step change in flow rate from near zero back to the original steady state value before occlusion, a reference signal is constructed which accounts for the finger size, thermo-physical properties, external environment and the start temperature (initial vascular state). This reference is used to normalize the temperature reactivity, forming a new measure called adjusted temperature reactivity that is a function of reactive hyperemia only. It is independent of the initial vascular state and external environment, leading to a more robust and reliable measure of vascular health.