bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Influenza A Virus Infection by Fucoidan Targeting Viral Neuraminidase and Cellular EGFR Pathway
Authors: Wang Wei , Wu Jiandong , Zhang Xiaoshuang , Hao Cui , Zhao Xiaoliang , Jiao Guangling , Shan Xindi , Tai Wenjing , Yu Guangli 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDevelopment of novel anti-influenza A virus (IAV) drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity is critical for preparedness against influenza outbreaks. Herein, we investigated the anti-IAV activities and mechanisms of fucoidan in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that a fucoidan KW derived from brown algae Kjellmaniella crassifolia effectively blocked IAV infection in vitro with low toxicity. KW possessed broad anti-IAV spectrum and low tendency of induction of viral resistance, superior to the anti-IAV drug amantadine. KW was capable of inactivating virus particles before infection and blocked some stages after adsorption. KW could bind to viral neuraminidase (NA) and inhibit the activity of NA to block the release of IAV. KW also interfered with the activation of EGFR, PKCα, NF-κB, and Akt, and inhibited both IAV endocytosis and EGFR internalization in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that KW may also inhibit cellular EGFR pathway. Moreover, intranasal administration of KW markedly improved survival and decreased viral titers in IAV-infected mice. Therefore, fucoidan KW has the potential to be developed into a novel nasal drop or spray for prevention and treatment of influenza in the future.
T Oligo-Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (TOP-PCR): A Robust Method for the Amplification of Minute DNA Fragments in Body Fluids
Authors: Nai Yu-Shin , Chen Tzu-Han , Huang Yu-Feng , Midha Mohit K. , Shiau Hsin-Chieh , Shen Chen-Yang , Chen Chien-Jen , Yu Alice L. , Chiu Kuo Ping 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBody fluid DNA sequencing is a powerful noninvasive approach for the diagnosis of genetic defects, infectious agents and diseases. The success relies on the quantity and quality of the DNA samples. However, numerous clinical samples are either at low quantity or of poor quality due to various reasons. To overcome these problems, we have developed T oligo-primed polymerase chain reaction (TOP-PCR) for full-length nonselective amplification of minute quantity of DNA fragments. TOP-PCR adopts homogeneous “half adaptor” (HA), generated by annealing P oligo (carrying a phosphate group at the 5′ end) and T oligo (carrying a T-tail at the 3′ end), for efficient ligation to target DNA and subsequent PCR amplification primed by the T oligo alone. Using DNA samples from body fluids, we demonstrate that TOP-PCR recovers minute DNA fragments and maintains the DNA size profile, while enhancing the major molecular populations. Our results also showed that TOP-PCR is a superior method for detecting apoptosis and outperforms the method adopted by Illumina for DNA amplification.
Lifetime prediction for organic coating under alternating hydrostatic pressure by artificial neural network
Authors: Tian Wenliang , Meng Fandi , Liu Li , Li Ying , Wang Fuhui 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA concept for prediction of organic coatings, based on the alternating hydrostatic pressure (AHP) accelerated tests, has been presented. An AHP accelerated test with different pressure values has been employed to evaluate coating degradation. And a back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) has been established to predict the service property and the service lifetime of coatings. The pressure value (P), immersion time (t) and service property (impedance modulus |Z|) are utilized as the parameters of the network. The average accuracies of the predicted service property and immersion time by the established network are 98.6% and 84.8%, respectively. The combination of accelerated test and prediction method by BP-ANN is promising to evaluate and predict coating property used in deep sea.
Putative presynaptic dopamine dysregulation in schizophrenia is supported by molecular evidence from post-mortem human midbrain
Authors: Purves-Tyson T D , Owens S J , Rothmond D A , Halliday G M , Double K L , Stevens J , McCrossin T , Shannon Weickert C 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia posits that increased subcortical dopamine underpins psychosis. In vivo imaging studies indicate an increased presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity in striatal terminals and cell bodies in the midbrain in schizophrenia; however, measures of the dopamine-synthesising enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), have not identified consistent changes. We hypothesise that dopamine dysregulation in schizophrenia could result from changes in expression of dopamine synthesis enzymes, receptors, transporters or catabolic enzymes. Gene expression of 12 dopamine-related molecules was examined in post-mortem midbrain (28 antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia cases/29 controls) using quantitative PCR. TH and the synaptic dopamine transporter (DAT) proteins were examined in post-mortem midbrain (26 antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia cases per 27 controls) using immunoblotting. TH and aromatic acid decarboxylase (AADC) mRNA and TH protein were unchanged in the midbrain in schizophrenia compared with controls. Dopamine receptor D2 short, vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) and DAT mRNAs were significantly decreased in schizophrenia, with no change in DRD3 mRNA, DRD3nf mRNA and DAT protein between diagnostic groups. However, DAT protein was significantly increased in putatively treatment-resistant cases of schizophrenia compared to putatively treatment-responsive cases. Midbrain monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) mRNA was increased, whereas MAOB and catechol-O-methyl transferase mRNAs were unchanged in schizophrenia. We conclude that, whereas some mRNA changes are consistent with increased dopamine action (decreased DAT mRNA), others suggest reduced dopamine action (increased MAOA mRNA) in the midbrain in schizophrenia. Here, we identify a molecular signature of dopamine dysregulation in the midbrain in schizophrenia that mainly includes gene expression changes of molecules involved in dopamine synthesis and in regulating the time course of dopamine action.
Brain connectivity changes occurring following cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis predict long-term recovery
Authors: Mason L , Peters E , Williams S C , Kumari V 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLittle is known about the psychobiological mechanisms of cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp) and which specific processes are key in predicting favourable long-term outcomes. Following theoretical models of psychosis, this proof-of-concept study investigated whether the long-term recovery path of CBTp completers can be predicted by the neural changes in threat-based social affective processing that occur during CBTp. We followed up 22 participants who had undergone a social affective processing task during functional magnetic resonance imaging along with self-report and clinician-administered symptom measures, before and after receiving CBTp. Monthly ratings of psychotic and affective symptoms were obtained retrospectively across 8 years since receiving CBTp, plus self-reported recovery at final follow-up. We investigated whether these long-term outcomes were predicted by CBTp-led changes in functional connections with dorsal prefrontal cortical and amygdala during the processing of threatening and prosocial facial affect. Although long-term psychotic symptoms were predicted by changes in prefrontal connections during prosocial facial affective processing, long-term affective symptoms were predicted by threat-related amygdalo-inferior parietal lobule connectivity. Greater increases in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex connectivity with amygdala following CBTp also predicted higher subjective ratings of recovery at long-term follow-up. These findings show that reorganisation occurring at the neural level following psychological therapy can predict the subsequent recovery path of people with psychosis across 8 years. This novel methodology shows promise for further studies with larger sample size, which are needed to better examine the sensitivity of psychobiological processes, in comparison to existing clinical measures, in predicting long-term outcomes.
A methylome-wide mQTL analysis reveals associations of methylation sites with GAD1 and HDAC3 SNPs and a general psychiatric risk score
Authors: Ciuculete D M , Boström A E , Voisin S , Philipps H , Titova O E , Bandstein M , Nikontovic L , Williams M J , Mwinyi J , Schiöth H B 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have identified a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with psychiatric diseases. Increasing body of evidence suggests a complex connection of SNPs and the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of gene expression, which is poorly understood. In the current study, we investigated the interplay between genetic risk variants, shifts in methylation and mRNA levels in whole blood from 223 adolescents distinguished by a risk for developing psychiatric disorders. We analyzed 37 SNPs previously associated with psychiatric diseases in relation to genome-wide DNA methylation levels using linear models, with Bonferroni correction and adjusting for cell-type composition. Associations between DNA methylation, mRNA levels and psychiatric disease risk evaluated by the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) score were identified by robust linear models, Pearson’s correlations and binary regression models. We detected five SNPs (in HCRTR1, GAD1, HADC3 and FKBP5) that were associated with eight CpG sites, validating five of these SNP–CpG pairs. Three of these CpG sites, that is, cg01089319 (GAD1), cg01089249 (GAD1) and cg24137543 (DIAPH1), manifest in significant gene expression changes and overlap with active regulatory regions in chromatin states of brain tissues. Importantly, methylation levels at cg01089319 were associated with the DAWBA score in the discovery group. These results show how distinct SNPs linked with psychiatric diseases are associated with epigenetic shifts with relevance for gene expression. Our findings give a novel insight on how genetic variants may modulate risks for the development of psychiatric diseases.
Hystereses in dwarf nova outbursts and low-mass X-ray binaries
Authors: Hameury J.-M. , Lasota J.-P. , Knigge C. , Körding E. G. 
Published: January 2017

Context. The disc instability model (DIM) successfully explains why many accreting compact binary systems exhibit outbursts during which their luminosity increases by orders of magnitude. The DIM correctly predicts which systems should be transient and works regardless of whether the accretor is a black hole, a neutron star, or a white dwarf. However, it has been known for some time that the outbursts of X-ray binaries, which contain neutron-star or black-hole accretors, exhibit hysteresis in the X-ray hardness-intensity diagram (HID). More recently, it has been shown that the outbursts of accreting white dwarfs also show hysteresis, but in a diagram combining optical, EUV, and X-ray fluxes.
Aims. We examine the nature of the hysteresis observed in cataclysmic variables and low-mass X-ray binaries.
Methods. We used our disc evolution code for modelling dwarf nova outbursts, and constructed the hardness intensity diagram as predicted by the disc instability model.
Results. We show explicitly that the standard DIM, modified only to account for disc truncation, can explain the hysteresis observed in accreting white dwarfs, but cannot explain that observed in X-ray binaries.
Conclusions. The spectral evidence for the existence of different accretion regimes or components (disc, corona, jets, etc.) should only be based on wavebands that are specific to the innermost parts of the discs, i.e. EUV and X-rays; this task is difficult because of interstellar absorption. The existing data, however, indicate that a hysteresis is in the EUV – X-ray domain is present in SS Cyg.
STUDY OF DARK-MATTER ADMIXED NEUTRON STARS USING THE EQUATION OF STATE FROM THE ROTATIONAL CURVES OF GALAXIES
Authors: Rezaei Z. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
In this work, we employ the dark matter equations of state (DMEOSs) obtained from the rotational curves of galaxies as well as the fermionic DMEOS with

to study the structure of dark-matter admixed neutron stars (DMANSs). Applying the equation of state in the Skyrme framework for the neutron matter (NM), we calculate the mass–radius relation for different DMANSs with various DMEOSs and central pressure of dark matter (DM) to NM ratios. Our results show that for some DMEOSs, the mass–radius relations are in agreement with new observations, e.g., EXO 1745-248, 4U 1608-52, and 4U 1820-30, which are inconsistent with normal neutron stars. We conclude that both DMEOSs and central pressure ratios of DM to NM affect the slope of the mass–radius relation of DMANSs. This is because of the interaction between DM and NM, which leads to gravitationally or self-bound DMANSs. We study the radius of the NM sphere as well as the radius of the DM halo for different DMANSs. The results confirm that, in some cases, a NM sphere with a small radius is surrounded by a halo of DM with a larger radius. Our calculations verify that, due to the different degrees of DM domination in DMANSs, with a value of the visible radius of a star two possible DMANSs with different masses can exist. The gravitational redshift is also calculated for DMANSs with different DMEOSs and central pressure ratios. The results explain that the existence of DM in a DMANS leads to higher values of gravitational redshift of the star.
Sphinx: merging knowledge-based andab initioapproaches to improve protein loop prediction
Authors: Marks Claire , Nowak Jaroslaw , Klostermann Stefan , Georges Guy , Dunbar James , Shi Jiye , Kelm Sebastian , Deane Charlotte M 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMotivationLoops are often vital for protein function, however, their irregular structures make them difficult to model accurately. Current loop modelling algorithms can mostly be divided into two categories: knowledge-based, where databases of fragments are searched to find suitable conformations and ab initio, where conformations are generated computationally. Existing knowledge-based methods only use fragments that are the same length as the target, even though loops of slightly different lengths may adopt similar conformations. Here, we present a novel method, Sphinx, which combines ab initio techniques with the potential extra structural information contained within loops of a different length to improve structure prediction.ResultsWe show that Sphinx is able to generate high-accuracy predictions and decoy sets enriched with near-native loop conformations, performing better than the ab initio algorithm on which it is based. In addition, it is able to provide predictions for every target, unlike some knowledge-based methods. Sphinx can be used successfully for the difficult problem of antibody H3 prediction, outperforming RosettaAntibody, one of the leading H3-specific ab initio methods, both in accuracy and speed.Availability and ImplementationSphinx is available at http://opig.stats.ox.ac.uk/webapps/sphinx.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Insight into scabies
Authors: Razon Faye Mariz , Weidman-Evans Emily 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Scabies, an infectious disease caused by the scabies mite, manifests as an intensely pruritic skin rash. Children, the underprivileged, and patients with immunocompromise are at a higher risk of acquiring this contagious disease. Infectivity occurs worldwide in patients of all races, ages, and sex. The classical appearance of papular burrows between the webbed spaces of digits or along the wrists can help distinguish scabies from other dermatologic diseases. Practitioners need to be familiar with how scabies may present so that patients can be treated and taught how to prevent spread of the disease.
A Network Analysis of Depressive Symptoms in Individuals Seeking Treatment for Chronic Pain
Authors: McWilliams Lachlan A. , Sarty Gordon , Kowal John , Wilson Keith G. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives:
Major depression in the context of chronic pain has been conceptualized implicitly as a latent variable, in which symptoms are viewed as manifestations of an underlying disorder. A network approach provides an alternative model and posits that symptoms are causally connected, rather than merely correlated, and that disorders exist as systems, rather than as entities. The present study applied a network analysis to self-reported symptoms of major depression in patients with chronic pain. The goals of the study were to describe the network of depressive symptoms in individuals with chronic pain and to illustrate the potential of network analysis for generating new research questions and treatment strategies.

Materials and Methods:
Patients (N=216) admitted to an interdisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation program provided symptom self-reports using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Well-established network analyses methods were used to illustrate the network of depressive symptoms and determine the centrality of each symptom (ie, the degree of connection with other symptoms in the network).

Results:
The most central symptoms were difficulty concentrating, loss of interest or pleasure, depressed mood, and fatigue, although the relative position of each symptom varied slightly, depending on the centrality measure considered.

Discussion:
Consistent with past research with patients undergoing treatment for major depression, the current findings are supportive of a model in which depressive symptoms are causally connected within a network rather than being manifestations of a common underlying disorder. The research and clinical implications of the findings, such as developing treatments targeting the most central symptoms, are discussed.
Analysis of Incident and Accident Reports and Risk Management in Spine Surgery
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Imagama Shiro , Ando Kei , Hida Tetsuro , Ito Kenyu , Tsushima Mikito , Ishikawa Yoshimoto , Matsumoto Akiyuki , Morozumi Masayoshi , Nishida Yoshihiro , Nagao Yoshimasa , Ishiguro Naoki 
Published: January 2017

Study Design.
A review of accident and incident reports.

Objective.
To analyze prevalence, characteristics, and details of perioperative incidents and accidents in patients receiving spine surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
In our institution, a clinical error that potentially results in an adverse event is usually submitted as an incident or accident report through a web database, to ensure anonymous and blame-free reporting. All reports are analyzed by a medical safety management group. These reports contain valuable data for management of medical safety, but there have been no studies evaluating such data for spine surgery.

Methods.
A total of 320 incidents and accidents that occurred perioperatively in 172 of 415 spine surgeries were included in the study. Incidents were defined as events that were “problematic, but with no damage to the patient,” and accidents as events “with damage to the patient.“ The details of these events were analyzed.

Results.
There were 278 incidents in 137 surgeries and 42 accidents in 35 surgeries, giving prevalence of 33% (137/415) and 8% (35/415), respectively. The proportion of accidents among all events was significantly higher for doctors than non-doctors [68.0% (17/25) vs. 8.5% (25/295), P < 0.01] and in the operating room compared with outside the operating room [40.5% (15/37) vs. 9.5% (27/283), P < 0.01]. There was no significant difference in years of experience among personnel involved in all events. The major types of events were medication-related, line and tube problems, and falls and slips. Accidents also occurred because of a long-term prone position, with complications such as laryngeal edema, ulnar nerve palsy, and tooth damage.

Conclusion.
Surgery and procedures in the operating room always have a risk of complications. Therefore, a particular effort is needed to establish safe management of this environment and to provide advice on risk to the doctor and medical care team.

Level of Evidence: 4
Is there a SERM in your menopause toolkit?
Authors: Liu James H. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Over the past 3 decades, compounds called selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been developed that block the estrogen receptor in some tissues (estrogen receptor antagonists) or stimulate the estrogen receptor in other tissues (estrogen receptor agonists). This Practice Pearl focuses on SERMs that clinicians can use for menopausal patients.
Science of intracrinology in postmenopausal women
Authors: Labrie Fernand , Bélanger Alain , Pelletier Georges , Martel Céline , Archer David F. , Utian Wulf H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjective:To illustrate the marked differences between classical endocrinology that distributes hormones to all tissues of the body through the bloodstream and the science of intracrinology, whereby each cell of each peripheral tissue makes a small and appropriate amount of estrogens and androgens from the inactive precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA being mainly of adrenal origin. Because only the inactivated sex steroids are released in the blood, influence in the other tissues is avoided.Methods:Molecular biology has been used for the identification/characterization of the steroid-forming and steroid-inactivating enzymes, whereas steroids have been measured by mass spectrometry-based assays validated according to the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines.Results:Evolution over 500 million years has engineered the expression of about 30 steroid-forming enzymes specific for each peripheral tissue. These tissue-specific enzymes transform DHEA into the appropriate small amounts of estrogens and androgens for a strictly intracellular and local action. Humans, contrary to species below primates, also possess intracellular steroid-inactivating enzymes, especially glucuronyl transferases and sulfotransferases, which inactivate the estrogens and androgens at their local site of formation, thus preventing the release of a biologically significant amount of estradiol (E2) and testosterone in the circulation. Since DHEA becomes the unique source of sex steroids after menopause, serum E2and testosterone are thus maintained at low biologically inactive concentrations with no activity outside the cells of origin. DHEA secretion, unfortunately, starts decreasing at about the age of 30 at various rates in different women. Moreover, there is no feedback mechanism to increase DHEA secretion when the concentration of serum DHEA decreases. Considering this mechanism is unique to the human, it seems logical to replace DHEA locally in women suffering from vulvovaginal atrophy (genitourinary syndrome of menopause). The clinical data obtained using a small dose of intravaginal DHEA (prasterone) confirm the mechanisms of intracrinology mentioned above which avoid biologically significant changes in serum E2and testosterone.Conclusions:The symptoms and signs of vulvovaginal atrophy (genitourinary syndrome of menopause) can be successfully treated by the intravaginal administration of DHEA without safety concerns. This strategy exclusively replaces in the vagina the missing cell-specific intracellular estrogens and androgens. This approach avoids systemic exposure and the potential risks of estrogen exposure for the tissues other than the vagina.