bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Spatio‐Temporal Sampling and Biological Replication on the Detection of Kelp Forest Fish Communities Using eDNA Metabarcoding
Authors: Courtaillac Kira‐Lee , Landschoff Jannes , Hull Kelvin , von der Heyden Sophie 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding surveys can support the acquisition of extensive biodiversity data to support ecosystem monitoring and conservation actions. However, the optimization of eDNA metabarcoding project design is essential to capture spatio‐temporal heterogeneity of eDNA signals and maximize diversity detection. In this study, we developed a system‐specific approach to detect fish communities in kelp forests, by analyzing fine‐scale spatio‐temporal patterns in eDNA signals at two sites along the South African coastline, as well as testing the effect of biological replication and pooling of replicates on species detection. At each site, samples were collected at two stations along the shoreline at two depth zones, and this was repeated at two time points (24 h apart). We detected 113 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across 32 families, but fewer than 20% of OTUs could be assigned to species, indicating that barcode reference libraries need to be drastically improved. We detected significant differences in communities across small spatial scales (< 600 m) and time points, suggesting that to best capture a site's diversity patterns, samples should be collected at multiple points and times within at least 24 h. To detect ~80% of the fish community, including some low abundance species, a minimum of four samples appear sufficient. In addition, a higher number of OTUs (76 vs. 65) were found in individual replicates than in any of the pools. However, pooling samples prior to sequencing can still detect valuable broad‐scale biodiversity patterns for monitoring and can offset the decrease in data resolution with the benefit of accumulating comprehensive data from increased sampling efforts over time. As a pilot investigation into how best to maximize kelp forest‐associated fish communities, this study provides a basis for optimizing sampling design for coastal eDNA‐based surveys in southern Africa and strengthens the development of long‐term eDNA monitoring programs to better support conservation and management actions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ru(II)−NSHC Catalysts Bearing Thiamine Analogs in Water‐Solvent Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysis
Authors: Kılınçarslan Rafet , Menderes Melek , Tuncer Hayriye , Özdemir Sedef , Özdemir Namık , Çetinkaya Bekir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThiamine analogues with 3‐methyl and 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) substituents on the backbone of thiazole ring, were used to synthesize monodentate Ru(II)‐thiazolylidene complexes in a single step via transmetalation under mild conditions. These novel complexes catalyze the conversion of ketones and aldehydes to alcohols by transfer hydrogenation in a 5 : 2 HCO2H/NEt3 buffer in water. However, their efficiency was found to be much lower than the thiamine‐derived bidentate Ru(II) complexes, which strongly indicates that the ‘N−H’ plays a crucial role in the reaction.
Bis‐Indeno‐Fused Tetraazaanthracene Hybrids: Straightforward Synthesis and Studies of Optical and Electronic Properties
Authors: Salgues Bruno , Sarkar Rudraditya , Potier Nans , Manick Anne‐Doriane , Canard Gabriel , Parrain Jean‐Luc , Giorgi Michel , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Videlot‐Ackermann Christine , Ackermann Jörg , Fages Frederic , Le Guennic Boris , Jacquemin Denis , Amatore Muriel , Zaborova Elena , Commeiras Laurent 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe synthesis and the studies of optical and electronic properties of new bis‐indenone‐fused tetraazaanthracene isomers as electron accepting materials are reported. TD‐DFT calculations have been also undertaken and corroborate experiments. Organic field effect transistors demonstrated unipolar n‐type characteristics and average electron mobility values.
The Longitudinal Relationship Between Youth Intergroup Contact and Social Cohesion Outcomes in Two Divided Societies
Authors: McKeown Shelley , Schaefer Christoph Daniel , Ali Shazza , Dupont Pier‐Luc , Manley David , Rao Sumedh , Taylor Laura K. , Meleady Rose 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntergroup contact has long been established as a prejudice‐reduction tool in divided societies, with contact being particularly effective during adolescence. A large proportion of evidence, however, draws on cross‐sectional surveys or analytical approaches that do not distinguish between‐ and within‐person effects. In the present research, we address this by exploring the potential of intergroup contact longitudinally on social cohesion–related outcomes amongst youth (aged 14–19) in Belfast (Study 1, N = 231) and Bradford (Study 2, N = 159). Measures included intergroup contact, outgroup attitudes, intergroup anxiety, outgroup empathy and outgroup prosocial behaviour across three time points. Using random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel models, results demonstrate between‐person associations of contact with our outcomes, but limited within‐person changes. Our findings demonstrate the potential and limitations of intergroup contact for social cohesion–related outcomes for youth growing up in divided societies, pointing to the need for developmental‐focused future research.
Experimental study on thermal performance of reverse flow solar collector for dual heating applications
Authors: Sharma Sohan Lal , Debbarma Ajoy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present study investigated the performance of dual function reverse flow solar collector (RFSC). The impact of the mass flow rate of air and water on outlet temperature, thermal performance, and overall performance of dual‐function solar air heater (SAH) has also been investigated. An experimental investigation of three different working models namely, Model‐A: SAH, Model‐B: solar water heater (SWH), and Model‐C: integrated solar air‐water heater (SAWH) for dual heating applications was performed to analyze the actual performance of these models. The investigation of the impact of time intervals on the water inlet and outlet temperatures at various mass flow rates of water is conducted to analyze the time‐varying efficiency of SWH systems. Furthermore, the effect of solar intensity on the performance of the dual‐function heating system has also been explained. The result reveals that the maximum thermal efficiency of Models: A and B can be achieved at about 78.8% and 67.9%, at a mass flow rate of 0.0644 and 0.10 kg/s, respectively, according to the experimental findings. The maximum temperature rise of air and water reaches about 52.4 and 55.58°C for Models A and B, respectively. The total efficiency of Model C reaches 81.69%, exceeding that obtained in Models A and B individually. The efficiency, outlet temperature of the fluid, and heat transfer effectiveness of the system strongly depend on the mass flow rate. The increase in heat removal factor is negligible for a higher flow rate (more than 0.10 kg/s).
The effect of anti‐imbalance on glycolipid metabolic homeostasis via the liver–gut axis intervened by 3′‐sialyllactose in obese mice
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhu Meizhen , Dekyi Kelsang , Zheng Linxi , Zhang Yichen , Lv Youping , Guo Dongbei , Chen Xiaoxuan , Pan Lili , Wang Xinyue , Li Hongwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSialic acid could ameliorate disorders associated with glycolipid metabolism. 3′‐Sialyllactose (3′‐SL), a type of oligosaccharide, contains sialic acid. We examined the effects of 3′‐SL on glycolipid metabolism in obese mice with high fat diet and explore the underlying mechanisms. A total of 160 male C57BL/6J mice were fed with high‐fat diet for 8 weeks to construct obese mice model. Sixty successfully constructed obese mice were randomly divided three 3′‐SL dosage‐dependent groups, one free sialic acid N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) group, and one blank control group. Each group of obese mice (n = 12) was continuously supplemented by 3′‐SL or Neu5Ac for 10 weeks. Ten‐week 3′‐SL supplementation and Neu5Ac supplementation both yielded remarkedly lower body weight, reduced fat content, increased energy expenditure and active daily exercises with improved glycolipid biomarkers, and attenuated proinflammation. 3′‐SL increased the colonic abundances of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Solibacillus and reduced those of Enterobacter and Enterococcus. Changes were also observed in colonic and liver transcript and metabolites, which were mainly enriched in glycolipid metabolism, ameliorated immune function, and mitigated inflammatory signals, autophagy, bile acid metabolism, and insulin resistance. Akkermansia and Solibacillus were significantly associated with changes in colonic metabolites and transcriptome genes. The liver bile component and glucose metabolites were significantly correlated with transcriptional gene expression in the aforementioned differential pathways. Therefore, 3′‐SL can enhance the gut microbiota, regulate intestinal immunity and bile acid metabolism, reduce liver oxidative stress and autophagy processes, alleviate chronic inflammation levels, and improve islet function and lower blood sugar levels by acting through the gut–liver axis.
The Memory in Return Volatility: An Analysis of Mutual Fund Returns
Authors: Yao Kai , Duan Kun , Huang Rong , Chevapatrakul Thanaset 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper examines long memory in the return volatility in the cross‐section of U.S. mutual funds. Our results provide evidence of this phenomenon. Through univariate analysis, we find that the long memory in mutual fund return volatility is more pronounced than in stock return volatility. Additionally, the long memory estimate is negatively related to expected fund returns. Holding a long position in shorter‐term memory funds and a short position in longer‐term memory funds generates significant excess returns of 0.26% per month for value‐weighted portfolios.
AGK2, a SIRT2 inhibitor, ameliorates D‐galactose‐induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting fibrogenic factors
Authors: Bahar Aslı Nur , Keskin‐Aktan Arzu , Akarca‐Dizakar Saadet Özen , Sonugür Gizem , Akbulut Kazime Gonca 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn our study, we aimed to investigate the effect of SIRT2 inhibition on function, fibrosis and inflammation in liver fibrosis induced by D‐Galactose (D‐Gal) administration. A total of 32 3‐month‐old Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into 4 groups as Control, d‐Gal, Solvent+d‐Gal, d‐Gal+AGK2+Solvent. d‐Gal (150 mg/kg/day), AGK‐2 (10 µM/bw) as a specific SIRT2 inhibitor, 4%DMSO + PBS as a solvent was applied to the experimental groups and physiological saline was applied to the control group for 10 weeks. All applications were performed subcutaneously. Histological fibrotic changes were studied in the liver tissues by Masson's trichrome staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry and the levels of selected factors were determined by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis. Biochemical parameters and Paraoxonase levels were determined in the plasma. d‐Galactose administration increased AST, AST‐ALT Ratio, APRI, SIRT2 protein expression, IL1β, TGF β, β‐catenin, Type I collagen, Type III collagen and α‐SMA, collagen fiber density and histopathological score. ALT and lipid panels were not changed and paraxonase plasma level was shown to decrease. These effects were largely blocked by the SIRT2 inhibitor AGK2. These findings suggest that SIRT2 inhibition attenuates d‐Gal‐induced liver injury and that this protection may be due to its antifibrotic and anti‐inflammatory activities.
Improved bounds on the cop number when forbidding a minor
Authors: Kenter Franklin , Meger Erin , Turcotte Jérémie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAndreae proved that the cop number of connected ‐minor‐free graphs is bounded for every graph . In particular, the cop number is at most if contains no isolated vertex, where . The main result of this paper is an improvement on this bound, which is most significant when is small or sparse, for instance, when can be obtained from another graph by multiple edge subdivisions. Some consequences of this result are improvements on the upper bound for the cop number of ‐minor‐free graphs, ‐minor‐free graphs and linklessly embeddable graphs.
Intrafraction motion and impact of margin reduction for MR‐Linac online adaptive radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer treatments
Authors: Fasala Ashleigh , Carr Madeline , Surjan Yolanda , Daghigh Parmoun , de Leon Jeremy , Burns Abbey , Batumalai Vikneswary 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionOnline adaptive radiotherapy is well suited for stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) in pancreatic cancer due to considerable intrafractional tumour motion. This study aimed to assess intrafraction motion and generate adjusted planning target volume (PTV) margins required for online adaptive radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer treatment using abdominal compression on the magnetic resonance linear accelerator (MR‐Linac).MethodsMotion monitoring images obtained from 67 fractions for 15 previously treated pancreatic cancer patients were analysed. All patients received SABR (50 Gy in five fractions) on the MR‐Linac using abdominal compression. The analysis included quantification of intrafraction motion, leading to the development of adjusted PTV margins. The dosimetric impact of implementing the adjusted PTV was then evaluated in a cohort of 20 patients.ResultsIntrafraction motion indicated an average target displacement of 1–3 mm, resulting in an adjusted PTV margin of 2 mm in the right–left and superior–inferior directions, and 3 mm in the anterior–posterior direction. Plans incorporating these adjusted margins consistently demonstrated improved dose to target volumes, with improvements averaging 1.5 Gy in CTV D99%, 4.9 Gy in PTV D99% and 1.2 Gy in PTV‐high D90%, and better sparing of the organs at risk (OAR).ConclusionsThe improved target volume coverage and reduced OAR dose suggest potential for reducing current clinical margins for MR‐Linac treatment. However, it is important to note that decreasing margins may reduce safeguards against geographical misses. Nonetheless, the continued integration of gating systems on MR‐Linacs could provide confidence in adopting reduced margins.
The New Era of Total Neoadjuvant FLOT Therapy for Locally Advanced, Resectable Gastric Cancer: A Propensity‐Matched Comparison With Standard Perioperative Therapy
Authors: Rencuzogullari Ahmet , Karahan Salih Nafiz , Selcukbiricik Fatih , Lacin Sahin , Taskin Orhun Cig , Saka Burcu , Karahacioglu Duygu , Gurses Bengi , Ozoran Emre , Uymaz Derya Salim , Ozata Ibrahim Halil , Saglam Sezer , Bugra Dursun , Balik Emre 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe FLOT 4‐AIO trial established the docetaxel‐based regimen's superiority over epirubicin‐based triplet therapy in terms of survival rates and acceptable toxicity for locally advanced resectable gastric (LARGC). Yet, fewer than half of the patients achieved completion of eight prescribed FLOT cycles. We proposed that administering all FLOT cycles in the form of total neoadjuvant therapy may improve completion rates and downstaging. This study contrasted total neoadjuvant therapy (FLOT x8) with standard neoadjuvant therapy (FLOT 4+4) for patients LARGC adenocarcinoma who underwent curative resection with routine D2 lymphadenectomy, focusing on histopathological outcomes, toxicity, and survival outcomes.MethodsWe reviewed patients with histologically confirmed advanced clinical stage cT2 or higher, nodal positive stage (cN+), or both, with resectable gastric tumors and no distant metastases (January 2017 to July 2023). We divided patients into two groups, FLOT 4+4 and FLOT x8; FLOT 4+4 patients underwent four preoperative and four postoperative bi‐weekly cycles of docetaxel, oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil, while FLOT x8 patients received all eight cycles preoperatively after a gradual practice change starting from January 2020. Propensity score matching adjusted for age, clinical stage, tumor location, and histology.ResultsOf the 77 patients in the FLOT x8 group, 37 were propensity‐matched to an equal number in the FLOT 4+4 group. Demographics, duration of surgery, and hospital stay showed no significant differences between the groups. The FLOT x8 group exhibited a significantly higher all‐cycle completion rate at 89.1% compared to FLOT 4+4's 67.6% (p < 0.01). Both groups demonstrated comparable hematological and non‐hematological toxicity rates, Clavien−Dindo ≥ 3 complications, and CAP tumor regression grades. The mean number of harvested lymph nodes was 42.5 and 41.2 in the FLOT 4+4 and FLOT x8 groups, respectively. Similar rates of disease‐free survival and overall survival were noted in both groups, despite a trend toward a higher pathological complete response rate, albeit not statistically significant (8.1% vs. 18.9%, p = 0.29), in the FLOT x8 group at a median follow‐up of 36 months.ConclusionTotal neoadjuvant therapy with the FLOT x8 protocol corresponds to higher treatment completion rates, a safety profile similar to standard perioperative therapy, and a twofold increase in complete pathological response. Further research on long‐term oncological outcomes is needed to confirm the effectiveness of total neoadjuvant therapy.
Enhancement of Moisture‐Resistant Performance of Epoxy Resins via Introduction of Hydrophobic and Flexible Chains
Authors: Zhu Binglian , Yang Jun , An Chongqing , Nie Yuhuan , Li Lu , Hao Qixuan , Chen Qibin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe introduction of long and flexible polyether chains in epoxy resins is an effective method to improve their toughness. However, using the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of polyether chains to tune their moisture resistance has been overlooked currently. In this work, two types of polyether‐based diglycidyl ethers with hydrophilic poly(oxyethylene) (DGEPOE) and relatively hydrophobic poly(oxybutylene) segments (DGEPOB) are synthesized and then binary‐cured with commercial diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), respectively, yielding the corresponding DGEPOE:DGEBA‐m:ns and DGEPOB:DGEBA‐m:ns based on various ratios. For comparison, pure DGEPOEr, DGEPOBr, and DGEBAr resins are also prepared. Results show that the equilibrium water uptake of DGEPOB:DGEBA‐m:ns is at least less than one‐fifth of that of DGEPOE:DGEBA‐m:ns; meanwhile, the diffusion coefficients of water molecules in DGEPOB:DGEBA‐m:ns are also 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than those in DGEPOE:DGEBA‐m:ns, demonstrating that the incorporation of hydrophobic POB chains can significantly reduce the hygroscopicity of resins. Moreover, DGEPOB:DGEBA‐m:ns not only exhibit superior flexibility and ductility relative to pure DGEBAr, but display exceptional strength and toughness in comparison with pure DGEPOBr. These findings suggest that tuning the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of building units of epoxy monomers offers a promising strategy for developing high‐performance epoxy materials, especially suitable for humid environments.
Electrospun Smart Hybrid Nanofibers for Multifaceted Applications
Authors: Nirwan Viraj P. , Amarjargal Altangerel , Hengsbach Rebecca , Fahmi Amir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSmart electrospun hybrid nanofibers represent a cutting‐edge class of functional nanostructured materials with unique collective properties. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the applications of smart electrospun hybrid nanofibers in the fields of energy, catalysis, and biomedicine. Electrospinning is a powerful tool to fabricate different types of nanofibers’ morphologies with precise control over structure and compositions. Through the incorporation of various functional components, such as nanoparticles, nanomoieties, and biomolecules, into the (co)polymer matrix, nanofibers can be tailored into smart hybrid materials exhibiting responsiveness to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, or light among others. Herein recent advancements in fabrication strategies for electrospun smart hybrid nanofibers are discussed, focusing on different electrospinning tools aimed at tailoring and developing smart hybrid nanofibers. These strategies include surface functionalization, doping, and templating, which enable fine‐tuning of mechanical strength, conductivity, and biocompatibility. The review explores the challenges and recent progress in the development of smart hybrid nanofibers. Issues such as scalability, reproducibility, biocompatibility, and environmental sustainability are identified as key for improvement. Furthermore, the applications of smart nanofibers in biomedicine, environment, energy storage, and smart textiles underscore their potential to address the challenges in development of nanostructured materials for emerging technologies.
Feasibility of submillimeter functional quantitative susceptibility mapping using 3D echo planar imaging at 7 T
Authors: Straub Sina , Zhou Xiangzhi , Tao Shengzhen , Westerhold Erin M. , Jin Jin , Middlebrooks Erik H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a tool for mapping tissue susceptibility. Using QSM for functional brain mapping, it is possible to directly quantify blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) susceptibility changes. This study presents a submillimeter functional QSM (fQSM) approach compared to BOLD fMRI from data acquired with 3D gradient‐echo echo planar imaging (EPI) at ultra‐high field. Complex EPI data were acquired in nine healthy subjects with varying temporal and spatial resolutions and used for BOLD fMRI and for fQSM. Right‐hand finger tapping experiments were performed as well as one measurement with intentional subject movement. Susceptibility maps were computed using 3D path‐based unwrapping, the variable‐kernel sophisticated harmonic artifact reduction for phase data, and the streaking artifact reduction for QSM algorithm. Functional data analysis included general linear modeling and computation of z‐scores. Submillimeter data were denoised using NOise reduction with DIstribution Corrected (NORDIC), which improved z‐scores in the motor cortex for fQSM and fMRI. An expected increase in BOLD fMRI signal and corresponding decrease in magnetic susceptibility was observed in sensorimotor areas during active periods. For all experiments, fQSM showed smaller activation regions compared with fMRI. The percentage of high negative t‐values localized in the cortex was higher for fQSM (52%) than for positive or negative t‐values for fMRI (45%). For the scans with intentional motion, movement exceeded the size of a voxel, but paradigm dependent signal evolution could be recovered using motion correction. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the feasibility of submillimeter whole‐brain fQSM with voxel volume of 0.53 μL. In comparison to traditional BOLD fMRI, fQSM provided improved localization of brain activation within the cortex, especially in submillimeter 3D EPI sequences.