bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents and antibiotic prophylaxis for endophthalmitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bande Manuel F. , Mansilla Raquel , Pata María P. , Fernández Maribel , Blanco-Teijeiro María José , Piñeiro Antonio , Gómez-Ulla Francisco 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether the use of local antibiotics is a beneficial prophylactic treatment for endophthalmitis in patients treated with anti-VEGF agents. We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, and the Cochrane Library over the period January 2007 to December 2016. The search terms used included “Endophthalmitis”, “Antibiotic” and “Intravitreal injection”. Studies in which the patients were treated exclusively with intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF were selected. Eight studies fit the inclusion criteria, which included a total of 276,774 injections; 109,178 (39.45%) were associated with the use of antibiotics and 114,821 (60.55%) were not associated with the use of antibiotics. Our meta-analysis indicated a significant risk for endophthalmitis that was 1.70 times greater with the use of antibiotics than that without antibiotics, with a confidence interval of 1.08 to 2.66 (p = 0.02). A meta-regression indicated that the location (operating rooms versus outpatient clinics) of injection did not have a significant effect on the incidence of endophthalmitis. The prophylactic use of antibiotics when administering anti-VEGF intravitreal injections may contribute to a greater incidence of endophthalmitis. This finding, in addition to reducing costs, would eliminate a treatment that has been shown to be unnecessary and even harmful to patients.
Widespread Coronary Dysfunction in the Absence of HDL Receptor SR-B1 in an Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Mouse Model
Authors: Pearson James T. , Yoshimoto Misa , Chen Yi Ching , Sultani Rohullah , Edgley Amanda J. , Nakaoka Hajime , Nishida Makoto , Umetani Keiji , Waddingham Mark T. , Jin Hui-Ling , Zhang Yuan , Kelly Darren J. , Schwenke Daryl O. , Inagaki Tadakatsu , Tsuchimochi Hirotsugu , Komuro Issei , Yamashita Shizuya , Shirai Mikiyasu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractReduced clearance of lipoproteins by HDL scavenger receptor class B1 (SR-B1) plays an important role in occlusive coronary artery disease. However, it is not clear how much microvascular dysfunction contributes to ischemic cardiomyopathy. Our aim was to determine the distribution of vascular dysfunction in vivo in the coronary circulation of male mice after brief exposure to Paigen high fat diet, and whether this vasomotor dysfunction involved nitric oxide (NO) and or endothelium derived hyperpolarization factors (EDHF). We utilised mice with hypomorphic ApoE lipoprotein that lacked SR-B1 (SR-B1−/−/ApoER61h/h, n = 8) or were heterozygous for SR-B1 (SR-B1+/−/ApoER61h/h, n = 8) to investigate coronary dilator function with synchrotron microangiography. Partially occlusive stenoses were observed in vivo in SR-B1 deficient mice only. Increases in artery-arteriole calibre to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside stimulation were absent in SR-B1 deficient mice. Residual dilation to acetylcholine following L-NAME (50 mg/kg) and sodium meclofenamate (3 mg/kg) blockade was present in both mouse groups, except at occlusions, indicating that EDHF was not impaired. We show that SR-B1 deficiency caused impairment of NO-mediated dilation of conductance and microvessels. Our findings also suggest EDHF and prostanoids are important for global perfusion, but ultimately the loss of NO-mediated vasodilation contributes to atherothrombotic progression in ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Visualizing the Consistency of Thickened Liquids With Simple Tools: Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Mertz Garcia Jane , Chambers Edgar , Cook Kelsey 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
Accurate texture modifications to thin liquids are a critical aspect of patients' nutritional health and well-being. This study explored the use of 3 tools (2 distance- and 1 time-measuring devices) to characterize texture-modified liquids. The objectives were to use the tools to measure modified liquids, to determine if measurements differentiated nectar and honey levels of modification, and to compare measurements with other published reports.

Method
We measured the flow distance of 33 prethickened water samples in centimeters (cm) using a line spread apparatus and a Bostwick Consistometer (Christison Particle Technologies). We selected a Zahn viscosity cup to measure the stream time of each prethickened liquid in seconds.

Results
The 2 distance-measuring devices (line spread and Bostwick Consistometer) showed that thinner (nectar-thick) modifications spread or flowed a farther distance in comparison to thicker (honey-like) modifications. Testing with the line spread indicated that an average spread distance of 4.5 cm differentiated nectar-thick and honey-like consistencies. A flow distance of greater than 15 cm differentiated nectar from honey consistency measured with a Bostwick Consistometer. We were not successful in using the Zahn viscosity cup to determine the stream time of modified liquids.

Conclusions
Two of the tools provided objective information about levels of liquid modification, which has implications for day-to-day preparation. Measurement tools that are accurate and easy to use have the potential to provide quick and dependable feedback to verify a prescribed level of liquid modification. Further efforts are needed to standardize the application of simple measurement tools in the management of patients who consume thickened liquids.
Intratumoral Bleeding in a Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Braga Emanuelle , Köhler Luiza , de Cesaro Marcelo , Barreto Tasso , Giacomelli Richard , Azambuja Jr Nério , Varela Daniel , Mesquita Filho Paulo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVestibular schwannomas (VSs) account for ∼ 70% of all tumors of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). Their clinical presentation is often insidious, with progressive hearing loss and involvement of other cranial nerves. Spontaneous hemorrhage in those tumors is very unusual, and generally presents with acute clinical features such as nausea, vomiting, headache and altered consciousness, usually with marked dysfunction of the cranial nerve involved, and with new deficits of neighboring cranial nerves. Asymptomatic patients are extremely rare. We present a case report of an incidental VS with asymptomatic bleeding, which evolved to death after surgery.
Gesundheits-Apps: Wie kann eine Zertifizierung konkret aussehen?
Authors: Kramer Ursula 
Published: December 2017

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGOb beim Ärztetag in Freiburg, dem Digitalgipfel in Ludwigshafen oder in jüngsten Positionspapieren der Kassenärztlichen Bundesvereinigung (KBV): Die Forderung nach Konzepten, die im Dickicht der digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen über Qualität, Risiken und Nutzen von Gesundheits-Apps Orientierung geben sollen, wird lauter. Erfahrungen mit App-Empfehlungsplattformen, die sich national und weltweit entwickelt haben, zeigen, dass der erforderliche Prüfaufwand hoch ist, das Risiko von Gesundheits-Apps erheblich variieren kann und das Vertrauen in App-Empfehlungen schnell verspielt ist. Um die erhoffte Orientierung zu vermitteln, braucht ein Qualitätssiegel für Gesundheits- und Medizin-Apps vor allem eines: eine hohe Sichtbarkeit und Akzeptanz bei Nutzern und Therapeuten gleichermaßen. Aus den Erfahrungen mit App-Bewertungsportalen hier und anderswo lässt sich ableiten, wie eine App-Zertifizierung in Zukunft konkret aussehen könnte.
Mit E-Health Kosten sparen
Authors: van de Sand Lasse , Schildt Janko , Bosse Mathias , Neukirch Benno , Thun Sylvia 
Published: December 2017

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas Krankheitsbild des Diabetes mellitus besitzt eine immense gesundheitspolitische und gesellschaftliche Relevanz. Im Jahr 2008 sind nach Angaben des statistischen Bundesamts für die Versorgung von Menschen mit Diabetes direkte Kosten von insgesamt 6,34 Milliarden Euro durch Medikamente, ambulante und stationäre Behandlung, Pflege- und Rehabilitationsleistungen aufgelaufen. Dies entspricht einem Anteil von 2,5 % der Gesundheitsausgaben aller Krankheiten. Lässt sich jedoch der HbA1c-Wert nachhaltig senken – beispielsweise über einen telemedizinischen Ansatz von 9,0 auf 7,0 % – ergibt sich, gemessen zwischen dem 41. und dem 95. Lebensjahr, anhand einer Markov-Modellierung pro Person und Zyklus ein maximales mittleres Einsparpotenzial von 579,14 Euro pro Patient. Seine maximale Ausprägung erreicht das Einsparpotenzial jedoch bei an Diabetes erkrankten Menschen zwischen dem 41. und dem 61. Lebensjahr: In dieser Zeitspanne lassen sich im Mittel 921,13 Euro pro Person und vorab definiertem Zyklus einsparen, wenn es gelingt, den HbA1c-Wert dauerhaft von 8,0 auf 6,0 % zu senken. In späteren Lebensaltern gleichen sich die Kostenverläufe zwischen niedrigen und hohen HbA1c-Werten allerdings zunehmend an. Da jedoch diverse diabetische Folgeerkrankungen sowie relevante Kostenbestandteile aufgrund einer eingeschränkten Datenlage außerhalb der durchgeführten Analysen verbleiben, liegen die errechneten Einsparpotenziale voraussichtlich unterhalb der real erzielbaren.
Update Breast Cancer 2017 – Implementation of Novel Therapies
Authors: Lux Michael , Janni Wolfgang , Hartkopf Andreas , Nabieva Naiba , Taran Florin-Andrei , Overkamp Friedrich , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Hadji Peyman , Tesch Hans , Ettl Johannes , Huober Jens , Lüftner Diana , Wallwiener Markus , Müller Volkmar , Beckmann Matthias , Belleville Erik , Fehm Tanja , Wallwiener Diethelm , Brucker Sara , Schneeweiss Andreas , Fasching Peter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn recent years, numerous new therapy options for patients with breast cancer have been developed in clinical studies, with some options already approved for routine treatment. As the speed at which innovations are introduced increases, the importance of conferences also increases, as conferences are where the data underpinning new therapies are usually presented for the first time. This review looks at publications of the ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology) and ESMO (European Society of Medical Oncology) conferences in 2017, summarizes them and evaluates them in the context of existing data. The focus is on new insights for neoadjuvant therapy and new treatment options in the metastatic setting, such as the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors or PARP inhibitors. The first results of treatments with checkpoint inhibitors are presented. With the patent expiry of trastuzumab, a number of study results for trastuzumab biosimilars have also been published. The digitization of patient care provides the first results on quality of life and prognosis of patients with advanced cancer. Digital communications between patients and physicians are being evaluated in several studies in Germany. As the discussion about patient-relevant endpoints for patients in the metastatic setting continues, overall survival rates from studies of big endocrine-based therapies are urgently needed. Preliminary analyses of small study cohorts offer initial insights. In the context of improving patient care, in the coming years, questions will center on which patients particularly benefit from certain therapies and which patients need particular protection from specific side effects. Questions about these predictors are raised in many scientific projects as attention increasingly focuses on this topic.
Dietary species richness as a measure of food biodiversity and nutritional quality of diets
Authors: Lachat Carl , Raneri Jessica E. , Smith Katherine Walker , Kolsteren Patrick , Van Damme Patrick , Verzelen Kaat , Penafiel Daniela , Vanhove Wouter , Kennedy Gina , Hunter Danny , Odhiambo Francis Oduor , Ntandou-Bouzitou Gervais , De Baets Bernard , Ratnasekera Disna , Ky Hoang The , Remans Roseline , Termote Céline 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Current research linking biodiversity and human diets has used metrics without justification from a nutritional point of view. Diet species richness, or a count of the number of different species consumed per day, assesses both nutritional adequacy and food biodiversity of diets for women and children in rural areas. The positive association of food species richness with dietary quality was observed in both the wet and the dry season. Food biodiversity contributes to diet quality in vulnerable populations in areas with high biodiversity. Reporting the number of species consumed during dietary assessment provides a unique opportunity to cut across two critical dimensions of sustainable development—human and environmental health—and complements existing indicators for healthy and sustainable diets.
Structure of sexual networks determines the operation of sexual selection
Authors: McDonald Grant C. , Pizzari Tommaso 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Sexual selection is a powerful evolutionary force, but debate persists over its strength and quantification. We argue that current approaches ignore the structure of the sexual network. We capture this network structure with a metric we call “mating assortment” that precisely and exhaustively captures the indirect as well as direct relationship between a male’s promiscuity and that of his sexual partners. We show that mating assortment is highly variable in nature and use simulations to reveal that such variation plays a key—but so far unappreciated—role in determining the strength of sexual selection on males. Our results provide a clear and quantitative method for studying sexual selection in the many mating systems in which both polygyny and polyandry co-occur.
Vocal similarity predicts the relative attraction of musical chords
Authors: Bowling Daniel L. , Purves Dale , Gill Kamraan Z. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
The foundations of human music have long puzzled philosophers, mathematicians, psychologists, and neuroscientists. Although virtually all cultures uses combinations of tones as a basis for musical expression, why humans favor some tone combinations over others has been debated for millennia. Here we show that our attraction to specific tone combinations played simultaneously (chords) is predicted by their spectral similarity to voiced speech sounds. This connection between auditory aesthetics and a primary characteristic of vocalization adds to other evidence that tonal preferences arise from the biological advantages of social communication mediated by speech and language.
Direct electrical stimulation of the amygdala enhances declarative memory in humans
Authors: Inman Cory S. , Manns Joseph R. , Bijanki Kelly R. , Bass David I. , Hamann Stephan , Drane Daniel L. , Fasano Rebecca E. , Kovach Christopher K. , Gross Robert E. , Willie Jon T. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Memories for emotional events tend to persist, raising a fundamental question about how the brain prioritizes significant memories. Past studies have pointed to a central role for the amygdala in mediating this endogenous memory enhancement. However, the premise that the amygdala can causally enhance declarative memory has not been directly tested in humans. Here we show that brief electrical stimulation to the human amygdala can enhance declarative memory for specific images of neutral objects without eliciting a subjective emotional response, likely by engaging other memory-related brain regions. The results show the human amygdala has a general capacity to initiate enhancement of specific declarative memories rather than a narrower role limited to indirectly mediating emotional effects on memory.
Differential regulation of striatal motor behavior and related cellular responses by dopamine D2L and D2S isoforms
Authors: Radl Daniela , Chiacchiaretta Martina , Lewis Robert G. , Brami-Cherrier Karen , Arcuri Ludovico , Borrelli Emiliana 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Dopamine signaling modulates important physiological functions such as reward and motor activity through activation of five different receptors. Dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) are critical in the control of motor behavior. D2Rs exist in two isoforms, a long (D2L) and a short (D2S), both expressed in dopamine neurons as well as in cells receiving dopaminergic afferents. Such diversity questions their individual contribution to presynaptic and postsynaptic events. Using isoform-specific knockout mice, we report that while either isoform can mediate the control of basal behaviors, upon pharmacological stimulation of the dopaminergic system, isoform-specific functions are observed at the behavioral and cellular levels. Therapeutic strategies targeting specific D2R isoforms may present treatment for ailments caused by the activation or blockade of both isoforms.
Synergistic anti-HCV broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies with independent mechanisms
Authors: Mankowski Madeleine C. , Kinchen Valerie J. , Wasilewski Lisa N. , Flyak Andrew I. , Ray Stuart C. , Crowe James E. , Bailey Justin R. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
More than 71 million people are infected with HCV, and eradication of this pandemic will likely require a vaccine. Induction of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) is a goal of vaccine development, but no single bNAb neutralizes all strains of HCV. Here, we measured neutralizing activity of 35 combinations of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NAbs), showing that some NAbs form combinations with greater neutralizing breadth than any individual bNAb. One combination was also exceptionally potent because it blocks virus binding to three different HCV receptors. These data suggest that full-length envelope protein might have an advantage as a vaccine antigen relative to truncated protein or single-epitope scaffolds, since it might induce combinations of NAbs that are synergistic, with complementary neutralizing breadth.
Impact of Market Forces on Addictive Substances and Behaviours
Authors: Miller David , Harkins Claire , Schlögl Matthias , Montague Brendan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This book examines the ‘web of influence’ formed by industries which manufacture and sell ‘addictive’ products in the EU. The differences between alcohol, food, gambling, and tobacco as consumer products are obvious. However, we explore whether food, alcohol, and gambling industries are merely replicating tobacco tactics or innovating in corporate strategy. Using a new data set on corporate networks formed by the tobacco, alcohol, food, and gambling industries at the EU level, the book shows the interlocking connections between corporations, trade associations, and policy intermediaries, including lobbyists and think tanks. Quantitative data guide qualitative studies on the content of corporate strategy and the attempts of corporations to ‘capture’ policy and three crucial ancillary domains—science, civil society, and the news and promotional media. The effects of these three arenas on policy networks and outcomes are examined with a focus on new forms of policy partnership such as corporate social responsibility and partnership governance. Drawing on our structural data, we show the comprehensive engagement of industry with science-policy issues in the EU, the ways that corporations can dominate agendas and decision making, as well as the potential for popular pressures and public health agendas to be effective. The book concludes by asking what solutions might be possible to the evident public health challenges posed by the addictions web of influence. It proposes key evidence-based transparency and public health reforms that have the best chance of minimizing the burden of disease from addictions in the medium to long term.
VaDiR: an integrated approach to Variant Detection in RNA
Authors: Neums Lisa , Suenaga Seiji , Beyerlein Peter , Anders Sara , Koestler Devin , Mariani Andrea , Chien Jeremy 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
Advances in next-generation DNA sequencing technologies are now enabling detailed characterization of sequence variations in cancer genomes. With whole-genome sequencing, variations in coding and non-coding sequences can be discovered. But the cost associated with it is currently limiting its general use in research. Whole-exome sequencing is used to characterize sequence variations in coding regions, but the cost associated with capture reagents and biases in capture rate limit its full use in research. Additional limitations include uncertainty in assigning the functional significance of the mutations when these mutations are observed in the non-coding region or in genes that are not expressed in cancer tissue.

Results
We investigated the feasibility of uncovering mutations from expressed genes using RNA sequencing datasets with a method called Variant Detection in RNA(VaDiR) that integrates 3 variant callers, namely: SNPiR, RVBoost, and MuTect2. The combination of all 3 methods, which we called Tier 1 variants, produced the highest precision with true positive mutations from RNA-seq that could be validated at the DNA level. We also found that the integration of Tier 1 variants with those called by MuTect2 and SNPiR produced the highest recall with acceptable precision. Finally, we observed a higher rate of mutation discovery in genes that are expressed at higher levels.

Conclusions
Our method, VaDiR, provides a possibility of uncovering mutations from RNA sequencing datasets that could be useful in further functional analysis. In addition, our approach allows orthogonal validation of DNA-based mutation discovery by providing complementary sequence variation analysis from paired RNA/DNA sequencing datasets.
Law Beyond Boundaries: innovative mechanisms for the integrated management of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction
Authors: Goodman Camille , Matley Holly 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
On 24 February 2017, a workshop entitled “Law Beyond Boundaries: innovative mechanisms for the integrated management of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction” was held in Wollongong, Australia hosted by the Oceans and International Environmental Law Interest Group of the Australian and New Zealand Society of International Law, in association with the Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security at the University of Wollongong. The aim of the workshop was to address the question, how can international law be used in innovative ways to effectively conserve and sustainably manage marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ)? In this introduction, we briefly summarize five of the papers developed for the workshop, highlighting the way in which they address three important themes: the promise and limits of existing institutional mechanisms governing activities in ABNJ; interactions between established principles and regimes for ABNJ; and the lessons that can be drawn from existing global and regional approaches to ABNJ. We hope that the ideas developed in this article theme set will contribute to the ongoing discussions at the United Nations General Assembly, as the international community works toward the development of an international legally binding instrument to govern activities in ABNJ.