bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient involvement in reducing errors during X‐ray imaging in an orthopedic outpatient clinic
Authors: Kim Joon Yub , Jung Myung Gon , Kwon Myung Hee , Noh Seo Ol , Kim Hye Jin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of patient involvement in identifying both patients and the location(s) before X‐ray examinations at orthopedic clinics.MethodsWe analyzed the errors of the X‐ray order in 2014 in our orthopedic outpatient clinic and categorized them into 6 categories. We looked at the errors from April to September 2014 (group I, preintervention), introduced the patient involvement system in March 2015 (intervention), and compared the errors from April to September 2015 (group II, postintervention).ResultsThe rate of X‐ray prescription errors declined from 0.58% (group I, 79/13,617) to 0.08% (group II, 10/12,588). The most significant reduction in error rate was found in errors of left to right; there were 58 cases in group I and 5 cases in group II, a reduction rate of approximately 91%. The most common anatomical location of the error was the wrist and hand (27 of 89 cases, 30.3%). There was a significant difference between the ordered anatomical locations and the incidence of error in 2014 (P < .001), and we also obtained the same results for the relationship between the ordered anatomical locations and error types in 2014 (P < .001).ConclusionWe found that patient involvement was effective in reducing errors in X‐ray imaging in our orthopedic clinic, and we recommend its use in other medical fields with respect to left‐to‐right issues.
Histopathological changes on the gills of asp (Aspius aspius) and European catfish (Silurus glanis) caused by Lamproglena pulchella and a Lamproglena sp. (Copepoda: Lernaeidae), respectively
Authors: Molnár K , Avenant‐Oldewage A , Sellyei B , Varga Á , Székely C 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn a parasitology survey of Hungarian fishes, heavy infections of parasitic copepods Lamproglena pulchella and a Lamproglena sp. were found in the gills of the asp and the European catfish, respectively. Individuals of both fish species were emaciated and infected with hundreds of Lamproglena. Copepods located close to the tip of gill filaments and formed a depression at the attachment sites. In histological sections, cell degenerations and local haemorrhages were present adjacent to the maxillipeds and where the maxillary claws pierced the gill tissue. Around maxillae and in the midgut of the Lamproglena, damaged piscine blood cells and remains of the gill tissue were observed. Host reaction was expressed by proliferation of epithelioid cells, increase in both number and size of goblet and mast cells and formation of giant cells.
Predictive value of apolipoprotein B and A‐I ratio in severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Huh Ji Hye , Jung Saehyun , Cho Seung Kook , Lee Kyong Joo , Kim Jae Woo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground and AimSevere acute pancreatitis (SAP) has considerable mortality and morbidity rates. Although many indices have been developed to classify the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP), an optimal method for predicting SAP has not been identified. The ratio of apolipoprotein B to A‐I (apoB/A‐I) is associated with metabolic syndrome and inflammatory status. This study investigated the association between severity of AP and serum apoB/A‐I ratio.MethodsPatients with AP were prospectively enrolled at Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine from March 2015 to August 2016. The severity of AP was assessed according to the revised Atlanta classification criteria (Atlanta 2012).ResultsOf 191 patients with AP, 134 (70.2%) had mild AP, 42 (22%) had moderately severe AP, and 15 (7.9%) had SAP; apoB/A‐I ratio was highest in patients with SAP (P = 0.001). The apoB/A‐I ratio was positively correlated with Atlanta classification, computed tomography severity index, and Bedside index for severity of AP. The apoB/A‐I ratio showed the highest predictive value for SAP in patients with AP compared with apolipoprotein B or apolipoprotein A‐I alone.ConclusionSerum apoB/A‐I ratio appears to have value for predicting SAP in patients with AP.
Prevention of cognitive impairment: scientific guidance and windows of opportunity
Authors: Gorelick Philip B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCognitive impairment of later life is an important medical and public health challenge. Worldwide it is estimated that the number of persons with dementia will continue to increase, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries. An important public health challenge relates to the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia. Specifically, is it possible to maintain cognitive vitality or prevent or slow cognitive decline? In this opinion‐based piece, I review United States‐based guidance statements for maintenance of cognition and select single and multidomain trials designed to preserve cognitive function. Guidance statements now recommend that we treat or prevent cardiovascular risks in hopes of preventing cognitive impairment or decline. I discuss potential gaps between guidance statements and interventional studies, and provide comments on where windows of opportunity may exist to close potential gaps in our quest to maintain cognitive vitality.
image
This article is part of the Special Issue “Vascular Dementia”.
ATP evokes Ca2+ signals in cultured foetal human cortical astrocytes entirely through G protein‐coupled P2Y receptors
Authors: Muller Margit S. , Taylor Colin W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractExtracellular ATP plays important roles in coordinating the activities of astrocytes and neurons, and aberrant signalling is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In rodents, ATP stimulates opening of Ca2+‐permeable channels formed by P2X receptor subunits in the plasma membrane. It is widely assumed, but not verified, that P2X receptors also evoke Ca2+ signals in human astrocytes. Here, we directly assess this hypothesis. We showed that cultured foetal cortical human astrocytes express mRNA for several P2X receptor subunits (P2X4, P2X5, P2X6) and G protein‐coupled P2Y receptors (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y6, P2Y11). In these astrocytes, ATP stimulated Ca2+ release from intracellular stores through IP3 receptors and store‐operated Ca2+ entry. These responses were entirely mediated by P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors. Agonists of P2X receptors did not evoke Ca2+ signals, and nor did ATP when Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and store‐operated Ca2+ entry were inhibited. We conclude that ATP‐evoked Ca2+ signals in cultured human foetal astrocytes are entirely mediated by P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors, with no contribution from P2X receptors.
image
The influence of Chinese culture on family caregivers of stroke survivors: A qualitative study
Authors: Qiu Xichenhui , Sit Janet W H , Koo Fung Kuen 
Published: July 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore and describe the caregiving experiences of Chinese stroke caregivers.BackgroundPrevious research has indicated that culture can have a significant impact on the stroke caregiving experience. Moreover, scant research exists on stroke caregivers’ experience within the Chinese culture.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used.MethodsIn‐depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 25 family caregivers of stroke survivors. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed. Content analysis was also performed.FindingsTwenty‐five family caregivers of stroke survivors were recruited for the study. On average, respondents were 66 years old (range 45–82 years). Of 25 interviewees, 76% were female, 64% were spouse‐caregivers and 36% were children‐caregivers. Three themes reflecting the influence of Chinese culture on stroke caregiving emerged from the interviews. (i) Caregiving role perception. Informants accepted caregiving for the sick family member as an expected part of life, a culturally prescribed obligation and an expression of reciprocal love. (ii) Coping strategies. Connecting with family resources and connecting with inner strength were frequently reported coping strategies. (iii) Self‐sacrifice. Informants identified self‐reliance and feeling of restraint in their utilisation or access of formal caregiving service. Chinese caregivers sacrifice themselves for the care recipients regardless of the hardships and the neglect of their own health.ConclusionOur findings provide a comprehensive and culturally sensitive perspective in understanding the experience of stroke caregivers in Chinese communities. Cultural and religious backgrounds were found to influence Chinese stroke caregivers’ experience, coping strategies and self‐sacrifice behaviour in idiosyncratic ways.Relevance to clinical practiceResearch on the practice of culture can serve as a basis for the formulation of specific policies and effective interventions for supporting stroke caregivers of different cultural backgrounds.
The development of the Person‐Centred Situational Leadership Framework: Revealing the being of person‐centredness in nursing homes
Authors: Lynch Brighide M , McCance Tanya , McCormack Brendan , Brown Donna 
Published: July 2017

Aims and objectivesTo implement and evaluate the effect of using the Person‐Centred Situational Leadership Framework to develop person‐centred care within nursing homes.BackgroundMany models of nursing leadership have been developed internationally in recent years but do not fit with the emergent complex philosophy of nursing home care. This study develops the Person‐Centred Situational Leadership Framework that supports this philosophy. It forms the theoretical basis of the action research study described in this article.MethodsThis was a complex action research study using the following multiple methods: nonparticipatory observation using the Workplace Culture Critical Analysis Tool (n = 30); critical and reflective dialogues with participants (n = 39) at time 1 (beginning of study), time 2 (end of study) and time 3 (6 months after study had ended); narratives from residents at time 1 and time 2 (n = 8); focus groups with staff at time 2 (n = 12) and reflective field notes. Different approaches to analyse the data were adopted for the different data sources, and the overall results of the thematic analysis were brought together using cognitive mapping.ResultsThe Person‐Centred Situational Leadership Framework captures seven core attributes of the leader that facilitate person‐centredness in others: relating to the essence of being; harmonising actions with the vision; balancing concern for compliance with concern for person‐centredness; connecting with the other person in the instant; intentionally enthusing the other person to act; listening to the other person with the heart; and unifying through collaboration, appreciation and trust.ConclusionsThis study led to a theoretical contribution in relation to the Person‐Centred Practice Framework. It makes an important key contribution internationally to the gap in knowledge about leadership in residential care facilities for older people.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings can be seen to have significant applicability internationally, across other care settings and contexts.
Research on the cause of death for severe stroke patients
Authors: Yuan Mei‐zhen , Li Feng , Fang Qin , Wang Wei , Peng Jing‐jing , Qin De‐yu , Wang Xue‐feng , Liu Guang‐wei 
Published: July 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore the characteristics of mortality among severe stroke patients, analyse their causes of death and provide evidence for improving the survival rate of stroke patients.BackgroundStroke is an important fatal and disabling disease that poses a large burden on its patients, and its high death rates have caused substantial concern to the World Health Organization.DesignA retrospective case–control study.MethodsA total of 188 patients who died of stroke in the neurological intensive care unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2012–December 2015 were selected as cases. Additionally, 188 stroke survivors from the same neurological intensive care unit were randomly selected as paired cases. The clinical characteristics of the severe stroke patient deaths were analysed, and a univariate analysis was conducted to determine potential mortality risk factors. A logistic regression analysis was then conducted to determine the independent risk factors of mortality.ResultsWe investigated a total of 231 cases of death in neurological intensive care unit patients, 188 of whom died of stroke. Therefore, the death rate from stroke accounted for 81.3% of the total population, with ischaemic, haemorrhagic and mixed strokes accounting for 47.19%, 26.84% and 7.36% of the patients, respectively. The leading cause of death was central nervous system‐related causes (central respiratory and circulatory failure, brain herniation), followed by multisystemic causes. The independent risk factors of death among the neurological intensive care unit patients were as follows: brain herniation (OR = 18.15), multiple organ failure (OR = 13.12), dyslipidemia (OR = 4.64), community‐acquired lung infection (OR = 4.15), use of mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.37), hypoproteinemia (OR = 2.29), history of hypertension (OR = 2.03) and hospital‐acquired pneumonia (OR = 1.75).ConclusionsThe most common cause of death in stroke patients was damage to the central nervous system. Independent risk factors were brain herniation, multiple organ failure, dyslipidemia, community‐acquired lung infection, the use of mechanical ventilation, hypoproteinemia, a history of hypertension and hospital‐acquired pneumonia. Clinicians should be aware of the presence and possible effects of these conditions. Early prevention, monitoring and intervention to modify controllable risk factors will improve patient prognosis.Relevance to clinical practiceClinicians should be aware of the multiple independent risk factors of death and implement timely treatment measures to reduce the incidence of death in severe stroke patients.
Advances toward fully automated in vivo assessment of oral epithelial dysplasia by nuclear endomicroscopy—A pilot study
Authors: Liese Jan , Winter Karsten , Glass Änne , Bertolini Julia , Kämmerer Peer Wolfgang , Frerich Bernhard , Schiefke Ingolf , Remmerbach Torsten W. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundUncertainties in detection of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) frequently result from sampling error especially in inflammatory oral lesions. Endomicroscopy allows non‐invasive, “en face” imaging of upper oral epithelium, but parameters of OED are unknown.MethodsMucosal nuclei were imaged in 34 toluidine blue‐stained oral lesions with a commercial endomicroscopy. Histopathological diagnosis showed four biopsies in “dys‐/neoplastic,” 23 in “inflammatory,” and seven in “others” disease groups. Strength of different assessment strategies of nuclear scoring, nuclear count, and automated nuclear analysis were measured by area under ROC curve (AUC) to identify histopathological “dys‐/neoplastic” group. Nuclear objects from automated image analysis were visually corrected.ResultsBest‐performing parameters of nuclear‐to‐image ratios were the count of large nuclei (AUC=0.986) and 6‐nearest neighborhood relation (AUC=0.896), and best parameters of nuclear polymorphism were the count of atypical nuclei (AUC=0.996) and compactness of nuclei (AUC=0.922). Excluding low‐grade OED, nuclear scoring and count reached 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity for detection of dys‐/neoplastic lesions. In automated analysis, combination of parameters enhanced diagnostic strength. Sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 87% were seen for distances of 6‐nearest neighbors and aspect ratios even in uncorrected objects. Correction improved measures of nuclear polymorphism only. The hue of background color was stronger than nuclear density (AUC=0.779 vs 0.687) to detect dys‐/neoplastic group indicating that macroscopic aspect is biased.ConclusionsNuclear‐to‐image ratios are applicable for automated optical in vivo diagnostics for oral potentially malignant disorders. Nuclear endomicroscopy may promote non‐invasive, early detection of dys‐/neoplastic lesions by reducing sampling error.
Mitochondrial genomes of the green macroalga Ulva pertusa (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta): novel insights into the evolution of mitogenomes in the Ulvophyceae
Authors: Liu Feng , Melton James T. , Bi Yuping 
Published: July 2017

To further understand the trends in the evolution of mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes or mtDNAs) in the Ulvophyceae, the mitogenomes of two separate thalli of Ulva pertusa were sequenced. Two U. pertusa mitogenomes (Up1 and Up2) were 69,333 bp and 64,602 bp in length. These mitogenomes shared two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 28 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 29 protein‐coding genes, and 12 open reading frames. The 4.7 kb difference in size was attributed to variation in intron content and tandem repeat regions. A total of six introns were present in the smaller U. pertusa mtDNA (Up2), while the larger mtDNA (Up1) had eight. The larger mtDNA had two additional group II introns in two genes (cox1 and cox2) and tandem duplication mutations in noncoding regions. Our results showed the first case of intraspecific variation in chlorophytan mitogenomes and provided further genomic data for the undersampled Ulvophyceae.
A Genetic Assessment of a Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, Stock Enhancement Program
Authors: Katalinas Christopher J. , Brenkert Karl , Darden Tanya , Denson Michael R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe South Carolina Department of Natural Resources began a stock enhancement research program for red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, as a possible management strategy for augmenting the availability of juveniles for recreational harvest in South Carolina estuaries. Between 1999 and 2011, approximately 6 million juveniles and 260 million larvae were stocked into the Charleston Harbor (CH) estuary, and proportions of stocked fish were found through standardized sampling as high as 49.6% within a subadult year‐class and up to 12% within the spatially separate spawning population. This study evaluated the genetic influences of stocking on the spawning population, using microsatellite loci, and examined any changes in genetic diversity metrics over the course of the stock enhancement program. Percent contribution of stocked fish among subadult and adult collections was compared against measures of genetic diversity. No statistically significant correlations were found among genetic diversity metrics, suggesting that responsible stocking of red drum as small juveniles has not altered the genetic diversity of adults spawning offshore the CH. Life‐history characteristics likely play a large role in mitigating changes in genetic diversity, despite high contributions of stocked fish in some years, because red drum exhibit a long adult life span and benefit from overlapping generations.
Hepatic iron is the major determinant of serum ferritin in NAFLD patients
Authors: Ryan John D. , Armitage Andrew E. , Cobbold Jeremy F. , Banerjee Rajarshi , Borsani Oscar , Dongiovanni Paola , Neubauer Stefan , Morovat Reza , Wang Lai Mun , Pasricha Sant‐Rayn , Fargion Silvia , Collier Jane , Barnes Eleanor , Drakesmith Hal , Valenti Luca , Pavlides Michael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsElevated serum ferritin is common in NAFLD, and is associated with more advanced disease and increased mortality. Hyperferritinaemia in NAFLD is often attributed to inflammation, while in other conditions ferritin closely reflects body iron stores. The aim of this study was to clarify the underlying cause of hyperferritinaemia in NAFLD.MethodsFerritin levels were examined with markers of iron status, inflammation and liver injury across the clinical spectrum of NAFLD using blood, tissue and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. A separate larger group of NAFLD patients with hepatic iron staining and quantification were used for validation.ResultsSerum ferritin correlated closely with the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin, and liver iron levels determined by MR. Furthermore, ferritin levels reflected lower serum adiponectin, a marker of insulin resistance, and liver fat, but not cytokine or CRP levels. Ferritin levels differed according to fibrosis stage, increasing from early to moderate disease, and declining in cirrhosis. A similar pattern was found in the validation cohort of NAFLD patients, where ferritin levels were highest in those with macrophage iron deposition. Multivariate analysis revealed liver iron and hepcidin levels as the major determinants of serum ferritin.ConclusionsWhile hyperferritinaemia is associated with markers of liver injury and insulin resistance, serum hepcidin and hepatic iron are the strongest predictors of ferritin levels. These findings highlight the role of disordered iron homeostasis in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, suggesting that therapies aimed at correcting iron metabolism may be beneficial.
Mineralogy and petrogenesis of lunar magnesian granulitic meteorite Northwest Africa 5744
Authors: Kent Jeremy J. , Brandon Alan D. , Joy Katherine H. , Peslier Anne H. , Lapen Thomas J. , Irving Anthony J. , Coleff Daniel M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLunar meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 5744 is a granulitic breccia with an anorthositic troctolite composition that may represent a distinct crustal lithology not previously described. This meteorite is the namesake and first‐discovered stone of its pairing group. Bulk rock major element abundances show the greatest affinity to Mg‐suite rocks, yet trace element abundances are more consistent with those of ferroan anorthosites. The relatively low abundances of incompatible trace elements (including K, P, Th, U, and rare earth elements) in NWA 5744 could indicate derivation from a highlands crustal lithology or mixture of lithologies that are distinct from the Procellarum KREEP terrane on the lunar nearside. Impact‐related thermal and shock metamorphism of NWA 5744 was intense enough to recrystallize mafic minerals in the matrix, but not intense enough to chemically equilibrate the constituent minerals. Thus, we infer that NWA 5744 was likely metamorphosed near the lunar surface, either as a lithic component within an impact melt sheet or from impact‐induced shock.