bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) for reproductive endosymbionts reveals links between co-infection and evolutionary history
Authors: Zhang Yan-Kai , Chen Ya-Ting , Yang Kun , Qiao Ge-Xia , Hong Xiao-Yue 
Published: June 2016

AbstractReproductive endosymbionts have been shown to have wide-ranging effects on many aspects of their hosts’ biology. A first step to understanding how these endosymbionts interact with their hosts is to determine their incidences. Here, we screened for four reproductive endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Cardinium, Spiroplasma and Rickettsia) in 28 populations of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) representing 12 species. Each of the four endosymbionts were identified in at least some of the tested specimens, and their infection patterns showed variations at the species-level and population-level, suggesting their distributions can be correlated with both the phylogeny and ecology of the hosts. Co-infections of unrelated bacteria, especially double infections of Wolbachia and Cardinium within the same individuals were common. Spiroplasma and Rickettsia infections were specific to particular host species, respectively. Further, the evolutionary histories of these endosymbionts were inferred by comparing the phylogenies of them and their hosts. These findings can help to clarify the interactions between endosymbionts and arthropods.
Optical Twist Induced by Plasmonic Resonance
Authors: Chen Jun , Wang Neng , Cui Liyong , Li Xiao , Lin Zhifang , Ng Jack 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHarvesting light for optical torque is of significant importance, owing to its ability to rotate nano- or micro-objects. Nevertheless, applying a strong optical torque remains a challenging task: angular momentum must conserve but light is limited. A simple argument shows the tendency for two objects with strong mutual scattering or light exchange to exhibit a conspicuously enhanced optical torque without large extinction or absorption cross section. The torque on each object is almost equal but opposite, which we called optical twist. The effect is quite significant for plasmonic particle cluster, but can also be observed in structures with other morphologies. Such approach exhibits an unprecedentedly large torque to light extinction or absorption ratio, enabling limited light to exert a relatively large torque without severe heating. Our work contributes to the understanding of optical torque and introduces a novel way to manipulate the internal degrees of freedom of a structured particle cluster.
Onset of frictional sliding of rubber–glass contact under dry and lubricated conditions
Authors: Tuononen Ari J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRubber friction is critical in many applications ranging from automotive tyres to cylinder seals. The process where a static rubber sample transitions to frictional sliding is particularly poorly understood. The experimental and simulation results in this paper show a completely different detachment process from the static situation to sliding motion under dry and lubricated conditions. The results underline the contribution of the rubber bulk properties to the static friction force. In fact, simple Amontons’ law is sufficient as a local friction law to produce the correct detachment pattern when the rubber material and loading conditions are modelled properly. Simulations show that micro-sliding due to vertical loading can release initial shear stresses and lead to a high static/dynamic friction coefficient ratio, as observed in the measurements.
N-cadherin is Key to Expression of the Nucleus Pulposus Cell Phenotype under Selective Substrate Culture Conditions
Authors: Hwang Priscilla Y , Jing Liufang , Chen Jun , Lim Foon-Lian , Tang Ruhang , Choi Hyowon , Cheung Kenneth M , Risbud Makarand V , Gersbach Charles A , Guilak Farshid , Leung Victor Y , Setton Lori A 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNucleus pulposus (NP) cells of the intervertebral disc are essential for synthesizing extracellular matrix that contributes to disc health and mechanical function. NP cells have a unique morphology and molecular expression pattern derived from their notochordal origin, and reside in N-cadherin (CDH2) positive cell clusters in vivo. With disc degeneration, NP cells undergo morphologic and phenotypic changes including loss of CDH2 expression and ability to form cell clusters. Here, we investigate the role of CDH2 positive cell clusters in preserving healthy, biosynthetically active NP cells. Using a laminin-functionalized hydrogel system designed to mimic features of the native NP microenvironment, we demonstrate NP cell phenotype and morphology is preserved only when NP cells form CDH2 positive cell clusters. Knockdown (CRISPRi) or blocking CDH2 expression in vitro and in vivo results in loss of a healthy NP cell. Findings also reveal that degenerate human NP cells that are CDH2 negative can be promoted to re-express CDH2 and healthy, juvenile NP matrix synthesis patterns by promoting cell clustering for controlled microenvironment conditions. This work also identifies CDH2 interactions with β-catenin-regulated signaling as one mechanism by which CDH2-mediated cell interactions can control NP cell phenotype and biosynthesis towards maintenance of healthy intervertebral disc tissues.
High step‐up DC–DC converter with input current ripple cancellation
Authors: Naderi Ahmadreza , Abbaszadeh Karim 
Published: June 2016

In this study, a new high step‐up dc–dc converter is proposed. The proposed converter has two switches that operate in two operational modes. In the first case, both switches are turned on simultaneously, where the voltage gain would be similar to cascaded boost converter but the input current ripple will not be removed. Thus, the high voltage conversion ratio can be achieved with a suitable duty‐cycle. In this case, the performance of the converter has been investigated in two continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. In the second case, two switches operate inversely. In this case, in addition to having high voltage conversion ratio, the input current ripple is removed by a pre‐selected duty cycle. The results of the steady‐state operation of the converter are studied in both discontinuous conduction mode and continuous conduction mode. Finally, a 100 W prototype of the proposed converter has been implemented in the laboratory for evaluating its performance.
Angioedema associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: Giavina-Bianchi Pedro , Aun Marcelo Vivolo , Jares Edgardo José , Kalil Jorge 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of reviewThe review critically assesses the different phenotypes of angioedemas associated with NSAIDs. Angioedemas exacerbated or induced by NSAIDs have high morbidity and, when they affect the larynx, can lead to death by asphyxiation.Recent findingsAngioedema can present as a manifestation of a syndrome such as anaphylaxis or it can be a separate entity, which comprises different forms that can be diagnosed based on specific criteria. NSAIDs are the drugs most used worldwide and they are also one of the leading causes of angioedema.SummaryThe manuscript addresses the pathophysiology and pharmacogenetics of angioedema, reviews its classification and assesses the diagnosis and management of angioedemas exacerbated and induced by NSAIDs.
Chronic Critical Illness in Infants and Children: A Speculative Synthesis on Adapting ICU Care to Meet the Needs of Long-Stay Patients
Authors: Marcus Katherine L. , Henderson Carrie M. , Boss Renee D. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives:
In this review, we examine features of ICU systems and ICU clinician training that can undermine continuity of communication and longitudinal guidance for decision making for chronically critically ill infants and children. Drawing upon a conceptual model of the dynamic interactions between patients, families, clinicians, and ICU systems, we propose strategies to promote longitudinal decision making and improve communication for infants and children with prolonged ICU stays.

Data Sources:
We searched MEDLINE and PubMed from inception to September 2015 for English-language articles relevant to chronic critical illness, particularly of pediatric patients. We also reviewed bibliographies of relevant studies to broaden our search.

Study Selection:
Two authors (physicians with experience in pediatric neonatology, critical care, and palliative care) made the final selections.

Data Extraction:
We critically reviewed the existing data and models of care to identify strategies for improving ICU care of chronically critically ill children.

Data Synthesis:
Utilizing the available data and personal experience, we addressed concerns related to family perspectives, ICU processes, and issues with ICU training that shape longitudinal decision making.

Conclusions:
As the number of chronically critically ill infants and children increases, specific communication and decision-making models targeted at this population could improve the feedback between acute, daily ICU decisions and the patient’s overall goals of care. Adaptations to ICU systems of care and ICU clinician training will be essential components of this progress.
Polygenic scores via penalized regression on summary statistics
Authors: Heng Mak Timothy Shin , Porsch Robert Milan , Choi Shing Wan , Zhou Xueya , Sham Pak Chung 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPolygenic scores (PGS) summarize the genetic contribution of a person’s genotype to a disease or phenotype. They can be used to group participants into different risk categories for diseases, and are also used as covariates in epidemiological analyses. A number of possible ways of calculating polygenic scores have been proposed, and recently there is much interest in methods that incorporate information available in published summary statistics. As there is no inherent information on linkage disequilibrium (LD) in summary statistics, a pertinent question is how we can make use of LD information available elsewhere to supplement such analyses. To answer this question we propose a method for constructing PGS using summary statistics and a reference panel in a penalized regression framework, which we call lassosum. We also propose a general method for choosing the value of the tuning parameter in the absence of validation data. In our simulations, we showed that pseudovalidation often resulted in prediction accuracy that is comparable to using a dataset with validation phenotype and was clearly superior to the conservative option of setting the tuning parameter of lassosum to its lowest value. We also showed that lassosum achieved better prediction accuracy than simple clumping andp-value thresholding in almost all scenarios. It was also substantially faster and more accurate than the recently proposed LDpred.
MutPrior:An Ensemble Method for Ranking Genes in Cancer
Authors: Patil Shailesh , Dey Sreya , Singh Randeep 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRoot cause analysis of cancer as well of design of personalized treatment depends on the ability to prioritize mutated genes in cancer. In this paper, we propose a novel approach 'MutPrior' to prioritize genes in a given caner. We hypothesize that a gene is important for cancer if it has high functional impact mutations, is strategically important for network stability and has high relevance to the disease. This approach integrates functional impact scores, centrality in gene-gene interaction network and disease relevance scores to prioritize the mutated genes. MutPrior outputs a prioritization of genes which is more actionable than any current approaches. In the process, we do away with the arbitrary cutoffs as well as confusion caused by notions of driver-passenger.
Exposing the Diversity of Multiple Infection Patterns
Authors: Sofonea Mircea T. , Alizon Samuel , Michalakis Yannis 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNatural populations often have to cope with genetically distinct parasites that can coexist, or not, within the same hosts. Theoretical models addressing the evolution of virulence have considered two within host infection outcomes, namely superinfection and coinfection. The field somehow became limited by this dichotomy that does not correspond to an empirical reality, as other infection patterns, namely sets of within-host infection outcomes, are possible. We indeed formally prove there are 114 different infection patterns for the sole recoverable chronic infections caused by horizontally-transmitted microparasites. We afterwards highlight eight infection patterns using an explicit modelling of within-host dynamics that captures a large range of ecological interactions, five of which have been neglected so far. To clarify the terminology related to multiple infections, we introduce terms describing these new relevant patterns and illustrate them with existing biological systems. This characterisation of infection patterns opens new perspectives for understanding the epidemiology and the evolution of parasites.
Regulation of global transcription inE. coliby Rsd and 6S RNA
Authors: Lal Avantika , Krishna Sandeep , Sai Narain Seshasayee Aswin 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTInEscherichia coli, the sigma factor σ70directs RNA polymerase to transcribe growth-related genes, while σ38directs transcription of stress response genes during stationary phase. Two molecules hypothesized to regulate RNA polymerase are the protein Rsd, which binds to σ70, and the non-coding 6S RNA which binds to the RNA polymerase- σ70holoenzyme. Despite multiple studies, the functions of Rsd and 6S RNA remain controversial. Here we use RNA-Seq in five phases of growth to elucidate their function on a genome-wide scale. We show for the first time that Rsd and 6S RNA facilitate σ38activity throughout bacterial growth, while 6S RNA also regulates widely different genes depending upon growth phase. We discover novel interactions between 6S RNA and Rsd and show widespread expression changes in a strain lacking both regulators. Finally, we present a mathematical model of transcription which highlights the crosstalk between Rsd and 6S RNA as a crucial factor in controlling sigma factor competition and global gene expression.
Market orientation, learning orientation and business performance
Authors: Mahmoud Mahmoud Abdulai , Blankson Charles , Owusu-Frimpong Nana , Nwankwo Sonny , Trang Tran P. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between market orientation, learning orientation and innovation; and second, assesses the role of innovation, market orientation and learning orientation on firms’ business performance using a developing country (i.e. the Ghanaian banking domain) as a study context.Design/methodology/approach– Following a nation-wide survey among senior managers of 28 banks in Ghana, five research propositions were tested using multiple linear regression analysis.Findings– Results demonstrate that market orientation has significant association with innovation while learning orientation has significant impact on innovation. Moreover, innovation mediates the relationship between market orientation and business performance.Research limitations/implications– This study adopt the cross-sectional research design and as such acknowledge the same limitations as other cross-sectional studies.Practical implications– The research will help bank executives especially in Ghana and other developing countries to appreciate these marketing variables.Social implications– Banks innovation efforts, concurrently with the development of market orientation culture and improvement in organizational learning processes must benefit bank customers and stakeholders as a whole.Originality/value– The research will help banks in Ghana and other developing countries to appreciate that their innovation efforts should concurrently be in sync with the development of market orientation culture and improvement in organizational learning processes.
Financial attitude based segmentation of women in India: an exploratory study
Authors: Paluri Ratna Achuta , Mehra Saloni 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify factors influencing the financial attitudes of Indian women and then classifying Indian women based on these attitudes. These clusters are then studied for their characteristics.Design/methodology/approach– Literature reviewed led to the identification of variables influencing financial attitude of women. Nine of these variables (anxiety, interest in financial issues, intuitive decisions, precautionary saving, free spending, materialistic and fatalistic attitude, propensity to plan for long and short-term financial goals) were put through confirmatory factor analysis. These factors were then used as a basis for cluster analysis. The study was conducted in the city of Nashik, India, in 2014-2015, using convenience sampling. A self-reported questionnaire was used for the survey.Findings– Results of the study showed that only a third of the respondents did not buy any financial products. The most preferred financial products of Indian women were fixed deposits and insurance policies. Four clusters of women were identified, based on their financial attitudes – judicious consumers, conservative consumers, acquisitive consumers, unsure consumers. An analysis of the dispersion of the clusters shows that interest in financial issues has the greatest influence in the formation of clusters followed by the propensity to plan and materialistic attitude. Fatalistic attitude had the least influence in the formation of clusters.Research limitations/implications– The current study uses convenience sampling which is non-probability-based sampling and hence, lack generalizability of results. The sample for the current study is small, given the resource availability of the researcher and the unwillingness of women to participate in the survey.Practical implications– The paper provides important insights for the marketers of financial services, in understanding the women consumers in the expanding Indian market.Social implications– An understanding of the women consumers would help marketers develop products and financial literacy programs that suit the requirements of each specific group. By doing so the programs and communcation would be more effective.Originality/value– This paper discusses the financial attitudes and behavior of Indian women and further clusters these women based on their financial attitudes.
Jordanian consumers’ adoption of telebanking
Authors: Alalwan Ali A , Dwivedi Yogesh K. , Rana Nripendra P. , Simintiras Antonis C 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the main factors predicting the Jordanian customers’ intention and adoption of telebanking.

Design/methodology/approach
– Perceived usefulness, trust, and self-efficacy are all formulated over the proposed conceptual model as key factors determining behavioural intention while the adoption of telebanking is supposed to be predicted by both behavioural intention and perceived usefulness. A self-administered questionnaire was allocated to gather the empirical data from a convenience sample of Jordanian banking customers. Structural equation modelling was applied to validate the conceptual model and verify the research hypotheses.

Findings
– Statistical results largely support the predictive validity of the conceptual model which is able to account for 68 per cent of variance in behavioural intention. Additionally, perceived usefulness, trust, and self-efficacy (listed in order of their influence) are all found to be significant factors predicting behavioural intention. Behavioural intention and perceived usefulness were also confirmed to have significant influence on the adoption behaviour.

Research limitations/implications
– The data for the current study were obtained by using a convenience sample of Jordanian banking customers; this could negatively reflect on the result generalisability. In addition, this study fully focused on the customers’ perspective; yet, it has not looked at this problem from the service providers’ perspective. Therefore, future studies should look at this challenge from the service providers’ perspective.

Originality/value
– This study was able to comprise a fundamental contribution by examining the telebanking as a more novel technology in Jordan, which has not been examined yet. Accordingly, the current study has successfully formulated a deep view regarding the most important aspects predicting the Jordanian customers’ intentions towards such an emerging system. This also helps to provide practical guidelines for banks to choose a suitable marketing strategy that could enhance the customers’ adoption of telebanking.
Social entrepreneurship in tourism: applying sustainable livelihoods approaches
Authors: Laeis Gabriel C.M. , Lemke Stefanie 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate whether the sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA) enables an analysis of the complex interrelations and interdependencies between social entrepreneurs (SEs), destination communities’ livelihood assets and related transforming structures and processes. SEs in tourism are regarded as drivers for linking destination communities with enterprises, aiming to create economic benefits and livelihoods.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were gathered through participatory action research at a tourism lodge and its foundation, which facilitated agricultural training, and by conducting in-depth interviews with ten key stakeholders. The sustainable livelihoods framework (SLF) served as the theoretical framework.

Findings
The SLA enables an analysis of interrelations and interdependencies between various stakeholders and to visualise the way SEs forge the impacts tourism has on livelihoods. The agricultural project did not reach its full potential because of, amongst other factors, competing aims between the profit and non-profit business, resulting in the lack of a clear vision and strategy. Additional challenges were dependency on external funding and a lack of reciprocal communication between the stakeholders involved.

Research limitations/implications
This research is based on one case study, and findings cannot be generalised. Future studies should develop the SLF further, possibly through adaptation and integration of other tools.

Practical implications
The SLF enables researchers to integrate local knowledge and participatory research methods, thus facilitating engagement and learning between different stakeholders.

Originality/value
Through empirical research, this paper adds valuable insights into the applicability of the SLF in the context of social entrepreneurship in tourism.