bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in microgaps, micromotion, and trabecular strain from interlocked cement‐trabecular bone interfaces in total knee replacements with in vivo service
Authors: Miller Mark A. , Goodheart Jacklyn R. , Khechen Benjamin , Janssen Dennis , Mann Kenneth A. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe initial fixation of cemented Total Knee Replacements (TKRs) relies on mechanical interlock between cement and bone, but loss of interlock occurs with in vivo service. In this study, cement‐trabeculae gap morphology and micromechanics were measured for lab prepared (representing post‐operative state) and postmortem retrieval (with in vivo remodeling) TKRs to determine how changes in fixation affect local micromechanics. Small specimens taken from beneath the tibial tray were loaded with 1 MPa axial compression and the local micromechanics of the trabeculae‐cement interface was quantified using digital image correlation. Lab prepared trabeculae that initially interlock with cement had small gaps (ave:14 μm) and limited micromotion (ave:1 μm) which were larger near the cement border. Trabecular resorption was prevalent following in vivo service; interface gaps became larger (ave:40 μm) and micromotion increased (ave:6 μm), particularly near the cement border. Interlocked trabeculae from lab prepared specimens exhibited strains that were 20% of the supporting bone strain, indicating the trabeculae were initially strain shielded. The spatial and temporal progression of gaps, micromotion, and bone strain was complex and much more variable for post‐mortem retrievals compared to the lab prepared specimens. From a clinical perspective, attaining more initial interlock results in cement‐bone interfaces that are better fixed with less micromotion. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1019–1025, 2016.
Role of oxygen as a regulator of stem cell fate during the spontaneous repair of osteochondral defects
Authors: O'Reilly Adam , Kelly Daniel J. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe complexity of the in vivo environment makes it is difficult to isolate the effects of specific cues on regulating cell fate during regenerative events such as osteochondral defect repair. The objective of this study was to develop a computational model to explore how joint specific environmental factors regulate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate during osteochondral defect repair. To this end, the spontaneous repair process within an osteochondral defect was simulated using a tissue differentiation algorithm which assumed that MSC fate was regulated by local oxygen levels and substrate stiffness. The developed model was able to predict the main stages of tissue formation observed by a number of in vivo studies. Following this, a parametric study was conducted to better understand why interventions that modulate angiogenesis dramatically impact the outcome of osteochondral defect healing. In the simulations where angiogenesis was reduced, by week 12, the subchondral plate was predicted to remain below the native tidemark, although the chondral region was composed entirely of cartilage and fibrous tissue. In the simulations where angiogenesis was increased, more robust cell proliferation and cartilage formation were observed during the first 4 weeks, however, by week 12 the subchondral plate had advanced above the native tidemark although any remaining tissue was either hypertrophic cartilage or fibrous tissue. These results suggest that osteochondral defect repair could be enhanced by interventions where angiogenesis is promoted but confined to within the subchondral region of the defect. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1026–1036, 2016.
Carbon monoxide stunning of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) modifies rigor mortis and sensory traits as revealed by NIRS and other instruments
Authors: Concollato Anna , Parisi Giuliana , Masoero Giorgio , Romvàri Robert , Olsen Rolf‐Erik , Dalle Zotte Antonella 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDMethods of stunning used in salmon slaughter are still the subject of research. Fish quality can be influenced by pre‐, ante‐ and post‐mortem conditions, including handling before slaughter, slaughter methods and storage conditions. Carbon monoxide (CO) is known to improve colour stability in red muscle and to reduce microbial growth and lipid oxidation in live fish exposed to CO. Quality differences in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., stunned by CO or percussion, were evaluated and compared by different techniques [near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), electronic nose (EN), electronic tongue (ET)] and sensory analysis.RESULTSThawed samples, freeze‐dried preparates and NIRS devices proved to be the most efficient combinations for discriminating the treatments applied to salmon, i.e. first the stunning methods adopted, then the back‐prediction of the maximum time to reach rigor mortis and finally to correlate some sensory attributes. A trained panel found significant differences between control and CO‐stunned salmon: reduced tactile crumbliness, reduced odour and aroma intensities, and reduced tenderness of CO‐treated fillets. CO stunning reduced radiation absorbance in spectra of thawed and freeze‐dried fillets, but not fillet samples stored in ethanol, where it may have interacted with myoglobin and myosin.CONCLUSIONSThe good results in a rapid discrimination of thawed samples detected by NIRS suggest suitable applications in the fish industry. CO treatment could mitigate sensory perception, but consumer tests are needed to confirm our findings. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Selective enrichment and separation of phosphotyrosine peptides by thermosensitive molecularly imprinted polymers
Authors: Yang Xiaoqing , Xia Yan 
Published: November 2015

Novel thermosensitive molecularly imprinted polymers were successfully prepared using the epitope imprinting approach in the presence of the mimic template phenylphosphonic acid, the functional monomer vinylphosphonic acid‐Ti4+, the temperature‐sensitive monomer N‐isopropylacrylamide and the crosslinker N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide. The ratio of the template/thermosensitive monomers/crosslinker was optimized, and when the ratio was 2:2:1, the prepared thermosensitive molecularly imprinted polymers had the highest imprinting factor. The synthetic thermosensitive molecularly imprinted polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to reveal the combination and elution processes of the template. Then, the adsorption capacity and thermosensitivity was measured. When the temperature was 28°C, the imprinting factor was the highest. The selectivity and adsorption capacity of the thermosensitive molecularly imprinted polymers for phosphotyrosine peptides from a mixture of three tailor‐made peptides were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the thermosensitive molecularly imprinted polymers have good selectivity for phosphotyrosine peptides. Finally, the imprinted hydrogels were applied to specifically adsorb phosphotyrosine peptides from a sample mixture containing phosphotyrosine and a tryptic digest of β‐casein, which demonstrated high selectivity. After four rebinding cycles, 78.9% adsorption efficiency was still retained.
Clinical Features in Border Terrier Dogs with Paroxysmal Involuntary Movements
Authors: Marioni‐Henry Katia , Rusbridge Clare , Volk Holger A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere have been anecdotal reports of episodic involuntary movements in the Border Terrier dog breed for over a decade. Recently, it has been hypothesized that this condition may be a form of paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenomenology and clinical course of this condition and compare it to known human movement disorders.MethodsData were collected retrospectively from clinical cases treated by veterinary neurologists and additional information was collected prospectively with an ad‐hoc online survey directed to owners of affected dogs.ResultsThe episodes are characterized by generalized dystonia, tremors, titubation, and, in some cases, autonomic signs, such as salivation and vomiting. The median age at onset of the episodes was 3 years and the interval between clusters of episodes could last several months. Most of the episodes occurred from rest, and 67% of the owners reported that the episodes were associated with a trigger, most often excitement. Some owners reported an improvement after changing their dog's diet. We hypothesize that the Border Terrier attacks represent a form of paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia.ConclusionsThe finding of a dystonia phenotype within an inbred population suggests a genetic predisposition, and elucidating the genetic cause could facilitate improved understanding of dystonia. This genetic predisposition and the effect of treatment with anticonvulsant drugs and dietary changes on the severity of the paroxysms warrant further investigation on this condition.
The thermogenic responses to overfeeding and cold are differentially regulated
Authors: Peterson Courtney M. , Lecoultre Virgile , Frost Elizabeth A. , Simmons Jonathan , Redman Leanne M. , Ravussin Eric 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is a highly metabolic tissue that generates heat and is negatively associated with obesity. BAT has been proposed to mediate both cold‐induced thermogenesis (CIT) and diet‐induced thermogenesis (DIT). Therefore, it was investigated whether there is a relationship between CIT and DIT in humans.MethodsNine healthy men (23 ± 3 years old, 23.0 ± 1.8 kg m−2) completed 20 min of cold exposure (4°C) 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Before and after the intervention, CIT (the increase in resting metabolic rate at 16°C relative to 22°C) was measured by a ventilated hood indirect calorimeter, whereas DIT was measured as the 24‐h thermic response to 1 day of 50% overfeeding (TEF150%) in a respiratory chamber.ResultsAfter the cold intervention, CIT more than doubled from 5.2% ± 14.2% at baseline to 12.0% ± 11.1% (P = 0.05), in parallel with increased sympathetic nervous system activity. However, 24‐h energy expenditure (2,166 ± 206 vs. 2,118 ± 188 kcal day−1; P = 0.15) and TEF150% (7.4% ± 2.7% vs. 7.7% ± 1.6%; P = 0.78) were unchanged. Moreover, there was no association between CIT and TEF150% at baseline or post‐intervention, nor in their changes (P ≥ 0.47).ConclusionsCold acclimation resulted in increased CIT but not TEF150%. Therefore, it is likely that CIT and DIT are mediated by distinct regulatory mechanisms.
Hydrophobic/hydrophilic P(VDF‐TrFE)/PHEA polymer blend membranes
Authors: Tamaño‐Machiavello Maria N. , Bracke Benjamin , Costa Carlos M. , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu , Sabater i Serra Roser , Gómez Ribelles José Luis 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTPolymer blend membranes have been obtained consisting of a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic polymers distributed in co‐continuous phases. In order to obtain stable membranes in aqueous environments, the hydrophilic phase is formed by a poly(hydrohyethyl acrylate), PHEA, network while the hydrophobic phase is formed by poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) P(VDF‐TrFE). To obtain the composites, in a first stage, P(VDF‐TrFE) is blended with poly(ethylene oxyde) (PEO), the latter used as sacrificial porogen. P(VDF‐TrFE)/PEO blend membranes were prepared by solvent casting at 70°C followed by cooling to room temperature. Then PEO is removed from the membrane by immersion in water obtaining a P(VDF‐TrFE) porous membrane. After removing of the PEO polymer, a P(VDF‐TrFE) membrane results in which pores are collapsed. Nevertheless the pores reopen when a mixture of hydroxethyl acrylate (HEA) monomer, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (as crosslinker) and ethanol (as diluent) is absorbed in the membrane and subsequent polymerization yields hybrid hydrophilic/hydrophobic membranes with controlled porosity. The membranes are thus suitable for lithium‐ion battery separator membranes and/or biostable supports for cell culture in biomedical applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 672–679
Social outcomes in adult survivors of childhood cancer compared to the general population: linkage of a cohort with population registers
Authors: Font‐Gonzalez Anna , Feijen Elizabeth (Lieke) , Sieswerda Elske , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , Grootenhuis Martha , Maurice‐Stam Helena , Caron Huib , Essink‐Bot Marie‐Louise , van der Pal Helena , Geskus Ronald , Kremer Leontien 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveSelf‐reported data show differences in social outcomes (not being married/having a registered partnership; not living independently; using social benefits) for childhood cancer survivors compared with their peers. We aimed to determine differences in these social outcomes between survivors and the general population using national register data and explored associated risk factors.MethodsWe performed medical record linkage between a single‐centre cohort of 1768 ≥ 5‐year survivors of childhood cancer (diagnosed 1966–2001) and two national registers (1999–2011) and obtained a random reference sample matched on gender and year of birth per survivor. We used multivariable logistic regression to calculate in adult survivors of childhood cancer (born before 1990) the odds of the specified social outcomes at the end of follow‐up in both groups. Within the survivors, we analysed risk factors for the social outcomes.ResultsWe retrieved data from 1283 adult childhood cancer survivors and 25 082 reference persons. Survivors had higher odds (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval) of not being married (1.2; 1.07–1.42), not living independently (1.7; 1.41–2.00) and using social benefits (2.3; 1.98–2.69) compared with reference persons. Radiotherapy to head and/or neck, and an original central nervous system tumour diagnosis negatively influenced all social outcomes examined in childhood cancer survivors.ConclusionsNational register data show differences between social outcomes in childhood cancer survivors and the general population, especially for survivors treated with radiotherapy to head and/or neck and those originally diagnosed with central nervous system tumours. Development and implementation of effective targeted support strategies to improve social outcomes of childhood cancer survivors needs consideration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corporate diversification and the value of individual firms: A Bayesian approach
Authors: Mackey Tyson B. , Barney Jay B. , Dotson Jeffrey P. 
Published: November 2015

Research summary: Prior theory suggests that the performance effects of a firm's diversification strategy depend on a firm's individual resources and capabilities and the setting within which it is operating. However, prior tests of this theory have examined the average diversification‐performance relationship across all firms, instead of estimating the diversification‐performance relationship at the individual firm level. Efforts to estimate this average relationship are inconsistent with a central assumption of much of strategic management theory—that firms maximize value by choosing strategies that exploit their heterogeneous resources and individual situation. By adopting an approach that allows an evaluation of the diversification‐performance relationship for individual firms, this article shows that firms, both focused and diversified, tend to choose that diversification strategy—focus, related diversification, or unrelated diversification—that maximizes value.Managerial summary: Instead of a universal diversification discount or premium, this article shows that the effect of diversification on performance is heterogeneously distributed across firms and that firms tend to be rational in their diversification decisions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time series trends in software evolution
Authors: Ruohonen Jukka , Hyrynsalmi Sami , Leppänen Ville 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe laws of software evolution were formulated to describe time series trends in software over time.ObjectiveBuilding on econometrics, the paper relates the laws theoretically to the concept of stationarity. The theoretical argumentation builds on the fact that in a stationary time series, the mean and variance remain constant. The concept is further elaborated with different statistical types of time series trends. These provide the objective for the empirical experiment that evaluates whether software size measures in a typical software evolution dataset are stationary.MethodThe time series analysis is based on conventional statistical tests for the evaluation of stationarity.ResultsThe empirical dataset contains time series extracted from the version control systems used in Vaadin and Tomcat between circa 2006 and 2013. The results establish that the observed time series are neither stationary nor follow simple mathematical functions that would translate into stationarity.ConclusionThe testing framework presented in the paper allows evaluating the stationarity of software evolution time series. The results can be interpreted theoretically against the laws of software evolution. These methodological and theoretical contributions improve the foundations of predictive time series modeling of software evolution problems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Curcumin attenuates memory deficits and the impairment of cholinergic and purinergic signaling in rats chronically exposed to cadmium
Authors: da Costa Pauline , Gonçalves Jamile F. , Baldissarelli Jucimara , Mann Thaís R. , Abdalla Fátima H. , Fiorenza Amanda M. , da Rosa Michelle M. , Carvalho Fabiano B. , Gutierres Jessié M. , de Andrade Cinthia M. , Rubin Maribel A. , Schetinger Maria Rosa C. , Morsch Vera M. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the protective effect of curcumin on memory loss and on the alteration of acetylcholinesterase and ectonucleotidases activities in rats exposed chronically to cadmium (Cd). Rats received Cd (1 mg/kg) and curcumin (30, 60, or 90 mg/kg) by oral gavage 5 days a week for 3 months. The animals were divided into eight groups: vehicle (saline/oil), saline/curcumin 30 mg/kg, saline/curcumin 60 mg/kg, saline/curcumin 90 mg/kg, Cd/oil, Cd/curcumin 30 mg/kg, Cd/curcumin 60 mg/kg, and Cd/curcumin 90 mg/kg. Curcumin prevented the decrease in the step‐down latency induced by Cd. In cerebral cortex synaptosomes, Cd‐exposed rats showed an increase in acetylcholinesterase and NTPDase (ATP and ADP as substrates) activities and a decrease in the 5′‐nucleotidase activity. Curcumin was not able to prevent the effect of Cd on acetylcholinesterase activity, but it prevented the effects caused by Cd on NTPDase (ATP and ADP as substrate) and 5′‐nucleotidase activities. Increased acetylcholinesterase activity was observed in different brain structures, whole blood and lymphocytes of the Cd‐treated group. In addition, Cd increased lipid peroxidation in different brain structures. Higher doses of curcumin were more effective in preventing these effects. These findings show that curcumin prevented the Cd‐mediated memory impairment, demonstrating that this compound has a neuroprotective role and is capable of modulating acetylcholinesterase, NTPDase, and 5′‐nucleotidase activities. Finally, it highlights the possibility of using curcumin as an adjuvant against toxicological conditions involving Cd exposure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 70–83, 2017.
Design and Synthesis of Cross‐Linked Micellar Particles to Assist Microalgae Lipid Recovery from Aqueous Extract
Authors: Yao Linxing , Li Xueshu , Wang Tong , Zhao Yan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA series of cross‐linked micellar particles (CLMP) with internal hydrophobic binding sites was synthesized via a double‐cross‐link concept. A quaternary ammonium surfactant was first synthesized from natural tung oil. With two acrylate groups in the head group and conjugated alkenes in the hydrophobic tail, the surfactant was doubly cross‐linked in the micellar form on both the micellar surface and in the core. Surface cross‐linking at ambient temperature and core cross‐linking at 80 °C yielded 61 % final product (with 40 % space holder). The product and its morphology were characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical nature and functional groups were confirmed by IR, and SEM indicated heterogeneous nanoparticles aggregated into clusters of particles. The binding capacity and selectivity of CLMP for microalgae lipids extracted from Nannochloropsis sp. were investigated and quantified using a turbidity test and mass spectrometry. The best CLMP product was able to extract total algae lipids at 0.8 g lipids/g particles capacity. At a lipid loading above the binding capacity, the CLMP selectively bound non‐charged polar lipids instead of the negatively charged polar lipids. These micellar particles have been demonstrated to be promising materials for extracting lipids from aqueous lipid extract. This paper presents a proof of concept study, and more in‐depth investigation is needed to test lipid extraction from various media and potentials for lipid class separation using these structured particles.
Sino-Cameroon Relations: A Foreign Policy of Pragmatism
Authors: Amin Julius A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract:Based on primary sources, including documents obtained from Cameroon’s Ministry of External Relations, oral interviews conducted in Cameroon, and local newspapers, and a variety of secondary sources, this article examines Cameroon’s foreign policy and economic relations with China. It argues that Cameroon’s engagement with China has resulted in short-term benefits for consumers but undermined long-term, sustainable economic development. The article concludes that unless China genuinely pursues its promised policies of “mutual respect” and “win–win gain,” voices of protest will only grow louder in Cameroon and other African nations.
What Are Women’s Rights Good For? Contesting and Negotiating Gender Cultures in Southern Africa
Authors: Van Allen Judith 
Published: November 2015

Abstract:Currently, feminist activists are engaged in problematizing and reframing “rights” claims in southern Africa. This article discusses three cases of such activism, all of which show the limitations but also the potential of using rights claims to transform gender cultures and gain economic and gender justice. These cases involve the successful challenge to the gender discriminatory 1982 Botswana Citizenship Act; the policy shift of Women and Law in Southern Africa from a focus on legal rights advocacy to a synthesis of rights and kinship-based claims; and initiatives by South African gender activists to confront the contradiction between the country’s constitutional guarantees of women’s rights and high levels of gender violence.