bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐Occurring Trajectory of Mothers’ Substance Use and Psychological Control and Children's Behavior Problems: The Effects of a Family Systems Intervention
Authors: Zhang Jing , Slesnick Natasha , Feng Xin 
Published: February 2017

This study examined the effects of a family systems therapy (Ecologically‐Based Family Therapy [EBFT]) on the co‐occurring trajectory of mothers’ substance use and psychological control, and its association with children's problem behaviors. Participants included 183 mothers with a substance use disorder who had at least one biological child in their care. Mothers were randomly assigned to one of the three intervention conditions:EBFT—home,n = 62;EBFT—office,n = 61; or Women's Health Education,n = 60. Participants were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months post‐baseline. A dual‐trajectory class growth analysis identified three groups of mothers in regard to their change trajectories. The majority of the mothers exhibited a synchronous decrease in substance use and psychological control (n = 107). In all, 46 mothers exhibited a synchronous increase in substance use and psychological control. For the remaining 30 mothers, substance use and psychological control remained stable. Mothers in the family therapy condition were more likely to show reduced substance use and psychological control compared to mothers in the control condition. Moreover, children with mothers who showed decreased substance use and psychological control exhibited lower levels of problem behaviors compared to children with mothers showing increased substance use and psychological control. The findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of family systems therapy,EBFT, in treating mothers’ substance use, improving parenting behaviors, and subsequently improving child behavioral outcomes.
Development of an algorithm for relating pasture nitrogen status to yield response curves
Authors: Vogeler I. , Cichota R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDetermination of optimum nitrogen (N) fertilization rates which maximize pasture growth is challenging due to variability in plant requirements and likely near‐future supply of N by the soil. Remote sensing can be used for mapping N nutrition status of plants and to rapidly assess the spatial variability within a field. An algorithm is, however, lacking which relates the N status of the plants to the expected yield response to additions of N. An algorithm was developed based on a simulation study carried out using the APSIM model. Simulations were performed for an irrigated ryegrass pasture in Canterbury, New Zealand. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied monthly at different rates, ranging from 0 to 150 kg N/ha. To obtain a range of different pasture N contents, a total of 1456 different fertilization rules were set up and evaluated over 20 different years of weather giving 29,120 combinations of pasture herbage N contents and growth responses for each month. The analysis focused on November (spring), a month with generally vigorous growth. A three‐dimensional surface response function, based on the Mitscherlich yield response function, was developed. This function was used to determine required N fertilization rates, which achieve 90% of the maximum yield, based on the antecedent pasture N content. At low pasture herbage N contents (25 g/kg), the required fertilization rate was estimated as 130 kg N/ha, whereas at N contents of 40 g/kg, only 60 kg N/ha was required to obtain the same yield, reflecting the much higher supply of N by the soil.
Radiosurgery for Arteriovenous Malformations and the Impact on Headaches
Authors: Bowden Greg , Cavaleri Jonathon , Kano Hideyuki , Monaco Edward , Niranjan Ajay , Flickinger John , Dade Lunsford L. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundArteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can underlie many diverse neurological signs and symptoms. Headaches are a common presentation that can have a significant impact on quality of life.ObjectiveThe authors investigated Gamma Knife® stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) outcomes in patients with AVMs and associated headaches.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 102 patients with AVMs who underwent SRS between 1995 and 2013. The patient's headache symptoms led to their AVM diagnosis or developed post hemorrhage of their AVM. Information regarding headache characteristics was obtained from the patient's medical records and at follow‐up using a scripted clinical interview. The median imaging follow‐up was 61.7 months and clinical follow‐up was 89.7 months. The median treatment volume at SRS was 4.1 cm3 and the median marginal dose was 20 Gy.ResultsThe actuarial AVM obliteration rate was 60% at 5 years and 78% at 10 years. Patients reported that their overall headache severity decreased by −43.6% and their headache frequency was reduced by −53.4%. Headache reduction was reported in 49.1% of patients at 1 year and 69.5% at 5 years. The median time until improvement was 6.5 months. After SRS, headache medication usage decreased in 29% of patients. Permanent adverse radiation effects after SRS occurred in 3% of patients. Until obliteration was complete, the annual risk of a hemorrhage after SRS was 0.4% per year.ConclusionAlthough recall bias related to a retrospective analysis can impact outcomes, headache symptoms associated with AVMs may potentially be decreased or eliminated in a subset of patients treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery.
Consumption, crisis, and coping strategies of lower class families in Brazil: A sociological account
Authors: Castilhos Rodrigo B. , Fonseca Marcelo J. , Bavaresco Vera 
Published: February 2017

AbstractExtant research on the dispositional dimensions of coping strategies emphasizes the personality determinants behind the different ways through which individuals seek to tolerate, minimize, and overcome stressful situations. We offer a sociological complement to this perspective. To do so, we conducted a qualitative inquiry of Brazilian new middle‐class consumers who are facing the current economic crisis after having experienced more than a decade of expansion in consumption. We identify five sets of coping strategies through which consumers minimize the effects of the crisis and remain invested in consumer culture. We also demonstrate how such strategies are differently informed by dispositional elements that stem from primary and secondary socializations. We contribute to a sociological account of the shaping of the cognitive, emotional, and social resources individuals deploy to cope with the crisis as well as with an empirical account of the lived effects of current Brazilian crisis.
Anti‐proliferative activity of bovine blood hydrolysates towards cancer cells in culture
Authors: O'Sullivan Siobhan M. , Lafarga Tomas , Hayes Maria , O'Brien Nora M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFour proteins, α/β globulin, serum albumin, γ‐globulin and fibrinogen, were isolated from bovine blood and hydrolysed using papain. Hydrolysates were assessed for non‐cellular and cellular antioxidant activity. The anti‐proliferative activity of hydrolysed fractions was assessed in a number of cancer cell lines including U937 lymphoma cells, MCF‐7 breast cancer cells, HepG2 hepatocytes and Caco‐2 epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Anti‐inflammatory activity of the hydrolysates was also assessed. Hydrolysates generated from γ‐globulin or fibrinogen had significant antioxidant activity in non‐cellular assays. Hydrolysates were also found to be highly toxic to different cancer cell lines, in particular U937 lymphoma cells when assessed using the MTT assay. The fibrinogen hydrolysate was the most toxic sample and toxicity appeared to correlate with its non‐cellular antioxidant activity. None of the hydrolysates had significant anti‐inflammatory activity. The high cytotoxicity of the γ‐globulin and the fibrinogen hydrolysates towards cancer cells may indicate a potential use as anti‐proliferative agents.
Molecular and submolecular scale effects of comb‐copolymers on tri‐calcium silicate reactivity: Toward molecular design
Authors: Marchon Delphine , Juilland Patrick , Gallucci Emmanuel , Frunz Lukas , Flatt Robert J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe impact of organic compounds on the processing and reactivity of inorganic materials has been a source of inspiration for materials scientists for decades and continues to trigger novel and innovative applications in a broad range of disciplines. However, molecular design of such compounds to reach targeted properties remains challenging, particularly for reactive and multicomponent systems. This outstanding challenge is met here by combining a model cement, hosting different coupled reactions of dissolution, nucleation and growth, together with comb‐copolymers that offer large and well‐controlled variations of their molecular architecture. We show that silicate reactivity is affected by a combination of molecular and submolecular scale effects of these polymers. The first can be described by scaling laws from polymer physics, whereas the second involves specific chemical interactions. In particular, the ability of these polymers to hinder dissolution appears to be crucial, something for which strong experimental evidence is provided.
Electrical and thermophysical properties of mechanochemically obtained lanthanide hafnates
Authors: López‐Cota Francisco A. , Cepeda‐Sánchez Nayeli M. , Díaz‐Guillén José A. , Dura Oscar J. , López de la Torre Marco A. , Maczka Miroslaw , Ptak Maciej , Fuentes Antonio F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis contribution presents the synthesis and thermophysical characterization of seven lanthanide hafnates Ln2Hf2O7 (Ln=Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Dy3+, Y3+, Ho3+, Yb3+); the title samples were prepared at room temperature by mechanically milling stoichiometric mixtures of the corresponding elemental oxides. Irrespective of the lanthanide ion involved, milling promotes the formation of highly disordered fluoritelike materials. Postmilling thermal treatments facilitate the formation of the fluorite ordered derivative, the pyrochlore structure, but only for the larger lanthanides (Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+). Impedance spectroscopy measurements revealed that these materials show a moderate‐to‐good oxygen ion conductivity at high temperatures; furthermore, those adopting the pyrochlore structure give higher σdc and lower Edc than their fluorite analogues (σdc at 750°C>10−3 S·cm−1 vs <5·10−4 S·cm−1, respectively). The same trend also holds for the thermal resistivity at high temperatures; the highest thermal resistivity and thus, lowest κ was obtained for Eu2Hf2O7 (κ~1.3·W·m−1·K−1 at 800°C). Therefore, Ln2Hf2O7 phases might be attractive component materials for electrochemical devices and thermal insulating coatings.
Short answers to deep questions: supporting teachers in large‐class settings
Authors: McDonald J. , Bird R.J. , Zouaq A. , Moskal A.C.M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn large class settings, individualized student–teacher interaction is difficult. However, teaching interactions (e.g., formative feedback) are central to encouraging deep approaches to learning. While there has been progress in automatic short‐answer grading, analysing student responses to support formative feedback at scale is arguably some way from being widely applied in practice. However, analysing student written responses can provide insights into student conceptions, thus directly informing teacher actions. Indeed, we argue that analysing student responses to provide feedback directly to teachers is as worthy a goal as providing individualized feedback to students and is achievable given the current state‐of‐the‐art in natural language processing. In this paper, we analyse student written responses to short‐answer questions posed in the context of a large first year health sciences course. Each question was designed to elicit deep responses. Our qualitative analysis illustrates the variability in student responses and reveals multiple relationships between these responses, course materials and the questions posed. Such information can be invaluable for teacher praxis. We conclude with a conceptual ‘dashboard’ that categorizes student responses and reveals relationships between responses, course resources and the questions. Such a dashboard could provide timely, actionable insights for teachers and help foster deep learning approaches for students.
Lattice constant measurement from electron backscatter diffraction patterns
Authors: SAOWADEE N. , AGERSTED K. , BOWEN J.R. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryKikuchi bands in election backscattered diffraction patterns (EBSP) contain information about lattice constants of crystallographic samples that can be extracted via the Bragg equation. An advantage of lattice constant measurement from EBSPs over diffraction (XRD) is the ability to perform local analysis. In this study, lattice constants of cubic STN and cubic YSZ in the pure materials and in co‐sintered composites were measured from their EBSPs acquired at 10 kV using a silicon single crystal as a calibration reference. The EBSP distortion was corrected by spherical back projection and Kikuchi band analysis was made using in‐house software. The error of the lattice constant measurement was determined to be in the range of 0.09–1.12% compared to values determined by XRD and from literature. The confidence level of the method is indicated by the standard deviation of the measurement, which is approximately 0.04 Å. Studying Kikuchi band size dependence of the measurement precision shows that the measurement error decays with increasing band size (i.e. decreasing lattice constant). However, in practice, the sharpness of wide bands tends to be low due to their low intensity, thus limiting the measurement precision. Possible methods to improve measurement precision are suggested.
Learning “What” and “Where” in Visual Search
Authors: Makovski Tal 
Published: February 2017

AbstractVisual search is facilitated when observers search through repeated displays. This effect, termed contextual cueing (CC), reflects the exceptional ability of our cognitive system to utilize regularities embedded in the environment. Recent studies that tested visual search with real‐world objects found that CC takes place even in heterogeneous search displays, but only when the identities (“what”) and locations (“where”) of the objects are both repeated. The purpose of the current study was to test whether the repetition of both “what” and “where” is not only necessary but also sufficient for CC. Consistent with previous results, Experiment 1 found robust CC when both the “what” and “where” information were repeated, and further revealed that the effect was not modulated by the number of search items. In contrast, Experiment 2 showed that the repetition of both objects’ identities and locations did not benefit the search when the two were not bound together. CC was also absent in Experiment 3, where the objects’ identities and locations were repeated together, however, target locations varied randomly. Together these results suggest that CC with real‐world objects is robust, but critically depends on “what” and “where” binding as well as context‐target associations.
Testing or transforming practice: probing an Icelandic national initiative to improve literacy education
Authors: Sigþórsson Rúnar 
Published: February 2017

In the wake of a White Paper on Education Reform, published in 2014 by the Icelandic Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, the minister launched a national initiative to improve literacy education in Icelandic compulsory schools. The White Paper and the national initiative came as a reaction to the disappointing performance of 15‐year‐olds on the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) test 2012.The aim of this paper is to critique the national initiative, the policy behind it and its implementation, in light of definitions of literacy and literacy teaching as a pedagogical activity and some critical issues of literacy education in Icelandic compulsory schools. These include a low proportion of students on the two highest performance levels of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) results, gender differences, residential differences and differences between social groups, and diminishing book reading of children and teenagers.The main conclusion is that the national initiative is characterised by a narrow focus on testing reading literacy and recording data to compare students with test standards but lacks a rational and coherent plan to address the critical issues of literacy education mentioned earlier, the professional development of teachers and the development of schools as professional learning communities.
Hans Kohn: the idea of secularized nationalism
Authors: Maor Zohar 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMore than seventy years after its publication, Hans Kohn's 1944The Idea of Nationalismis still regarded as a ground‐breaking contribution to the study of nationalism. This essay is aimed to highlight a significant theme in this work which has largely gone unnoticed, namely, the pivotal role of religion and secularism in Kohn's account of nationalism, and especially, in his persistent struggle for a ‘perfect’ nationalism. Kohn's conception – and personal experience – of the relationship of nationalism and religion will be examined through several stages of his turbulent life. First, as a young Zionist in Prague, when he parlayed Martin Buber's Zionist creed into an ethnic concept of nationalism. Then, in Kohn's journalistic writing in the 1920s and in his first theoretical works on nationalism in the years 1929–1942. Finally, Kohn's more mature and crystallized account of nationalism in his 1944 book will be revisited from the perspective of the nationalism–religion relationship.
Patterns of Economic Development: Correlations Affecting Economic Growth and Quality of Life in 222 Countries
Authors: Kim Hae S. 
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, it identifies different patterns of economic growth among the 222 countries/territories in the world. Second, it assesses how each of the patterns of economic growth affects quality of life, including human development, poverty level, unemployment, international peace/conflict, and relative deprivation, among others. Several broad patterns of economic growth were found: knowledge‐based, trade‐based, savings‐based, and ethnic‐religiously affected. The knowledge‐based economy was the most predominant pattern, followed by trade‐based. Although the dominance of the knowledge‐based economy does diminish the effect of the “traditional” pattern of the free trade on economic growth, these two patterns are significant in enhancing not only economic growth but also quality of life across the world. This pattern‐analysis aims to group insights from diverse theories of economic growth and variables in a systematic way, and identifies causal relations between the variables grouped under each pattern.Related Articles

Asongu, Simplice A. 2016. “.” Politics & Policy 44 (): 97‐134. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12148/full

Lagunes, Paul F. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 802‐826. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00384.x/full

Armijo, Leslie E., and
Sybil Rhodes. 2015. “.” Politics & Policy 43 (): 611‐646. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12127/pdf
Related Media

Marquardt, Kyle L., and
Yoshiko M. Herrera. 2015. “” Social Science Quarterly 90 (): 689–716. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ssqu.12187/abstract

Borg, Anders. 2016. “6 factors shaping the global economy in 2016.” World Economic Forum. Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/12/6-factors-shaping-the-global-economy-in-2016

Klemm, Alexander. 2013. “Growth Following Investment and Consumption‐Driven Current Account Crises.” (Authorized for distribution by Dora Iakova.) IMF. Washington, DC. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2013/wp13217.pdf
Escaping aversive exposure
Authors: Sege Christopher T. , Bradley Margaret M. , Lang Peter J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis research examined human defensive reactivity when exposure to an aversive event could be escaped but not entirely avoided. Prolonged visual cues indicated whether exposure to an upcoming aversive (i.e., disgusting) picture could be terminated after onset (escaped) or not, or that a neutral go signal would appear. Acoustically elicited startle reflexes were measured during each cue interval, as were cardiac and skin conductance activity. Early in the cuing interval, startle reflexes were potentiated during both escape and inescapable exposure trials, compared to the simple motor context. Later in the interval, reflexes remained potentiated for both escapable and inescapable trials, with potentiation further enhanced when aversive exposure could not be escaped compared to when exposure could be escaped. Heart rate deceleration in the cuing interval indicated increased vigilance when preparing any (escape or neutral) action, whereas skin conductance responding indicated enhanced sympathetic action mobilization particularly in an escape context. These data suggest that startle reflexes engaged in an escape context reflect both motor‐related response inhibition and aversive potentiation, and they indicate that defensive motivation is engaged whenever aversive exposure is guaranteed, regardless of whether it can be escaped or not.
Risk of waterborne virus spread – review of survival of relevant fish and crustacean viruses in the aquatic environment and implications for control measures
Authors: Oidtmann Birgit , Dixon Peter , Way Keith , Joiner Claire , Bayley Amanda E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAquatic animal diseases are a major constraint for increasing aquaculture production. Understanding the contribution of pathogen spread from infected aquaculture sites is critical in devising control measures in the event of an outbreak. We have reviewed the available literature on the persistence in the aquatic environment of several important viral pathogens of fish and crustaceans. These include infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, infectious salmon anaemia virus, koi herpes virus, epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), Taura syndrome virus and yellow head virus. Some trends were common to all viruses: (i) viability declined with increasing temperature (at temperatures above 0°C); (ii) higher biological loading in water correlated with reduction in detectable viable viruses; and (iii) virus decay in water is a function of time. Most aquatic animal viruses (AAVs) remained viable for several days or weeks. WSSV is particularly stable. Comparison of studies investigating survival parameters was sometimes difficult because of the different methods employed and different ways in which the data were presented. Data gaps are identified and experimental methods employed for testing critically assessed. The information presented in this review is directly relevant to design effective control measures for AAVs and to explore measures that reduce the economic impact of disease caused by these important pathogens.