bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Study on Peptide‐Bound Pyrraline Formation and Elimination in the Maillard Reaction Using Single‐ and Multiple‐Response Models
Authors: Liang Zhili , Li Lin , Qi Haiping , Zhang Zhenbo Xu, Xia , Li Bing 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPyrraline, an advanced glycation end product (AGE), is related to some chronic diseases and can be employed as an indicator for heat damage in food processing. In this study, the impact of changing the reactant concentration and ratio on the kinetic parameters describing peptide‐bound pyrraline (pep‐pyr) formation and elimination was evaluated in the Lys‐Gly/glucose model systems, with microwave heating treatment ranging from 120 to 200 °C. The maximum pep‐pyr concentration increased as follows: 200 °C ˂ 180 °C ˂ 160 °C ˂ 120 °C ˂ 140 °C. First, the pep‐pyr formation and elimination was modeled by using a single‐response modelling. The formation rate constant (kF) of pep‐pyr was independent of the initial concentration of the reactants and ratios. However, the elimination rate constant of pep‐pyr (kE) increased with increasing reactant concentrations. Second, a multiresponse modelling was performed to illustrate the pathways of pep‐pyr formation and elimination. Two adapted models can fit to the experimental data with the goodness‐of‐fit ranging from 0.663 to 0.920. Glucose‐to‐fructose isomerization rather than glucose‐to‐mannose epimerization was detected in an equimolar model system and the model system with an excess of any of the reactants. The caramelization reaction was negligible in the equimolar systems and the model systems with an excess of peptide. The reaction rate constant of glucose‐to‐fructose isomerization was independent of the initial reactant ratios. It was more difficult for pep‐pyr elimination in the model system with an excess of peptide than that in the other 2 model systems (the equimolar system and the system with an excess of glucose), whereas a reverse result in pep‐pyr formation was obtained.
Intestinal injury in the rat model of 17α‐ethynylestradiol‐induced intrahepatic cholestasis
Authors: Chang Mu Jun , Xu Yan Jiao , He Wen Xi , Zhang Cheng Liang , Li Xi Ping , Liu Dong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the intimate relationship between liver and gut has been previously reported under physiological and pathological conditions, intestinal involvement in the process of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate intestinal changes in 17α‐ethynylestradiol (EE)‐induced cholestatic rat model.MethodsLiver injury was assessed by HE stain and serum biochemical parameters were measured. Intestinal transit was determined using ink marks. Neuronal protein expressions in the intestine were analyzed by Western blot.ResultsEE treatment induced liver damage, including severe bile duct hyperplasia, portal edema, portal infiltration, a loss of hepatic structure in periportal areas and increased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. Large areas of inflammatory cell infiltration and increased myeloperoxidase activity were observed in the intestine of EE‐induced cholestatic rats. The EE‐treated group showed increased intestinal transit and malondialdehyde levels, while the glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity were notably decreased, together with decreased protein gene product 9.5 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in the ileum and colon. Furthermore, choline acetyltransferase expression was significantly decreased in the ileum, whereas no change was observed in the colon of EE‐treated rats.ConclusionEE‐induced liver damage is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and neural loss in the intestine, which may lead to altered intestinal motility.
Effective endoscopic treatment of Mallory–Weiss syndrome using Glasgow‐Blatchford score and Forrest classification
Authors: Lee Sunpyo , Ahn Ji Yong , Jung Hwoon‐Yong , Jung Kee Wook , Lee Jeong Hoon , Kim Do Hoon , Choi Kee Don , Song Ho June , Lee Gin Hyug , Kim Jin‐Ho , Kim Seon‐Ok 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesThere is limited data on whether scoring systems can be used to predict clinical outcomes in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to Mallory–Weiss syndrome (MWS). We aimed to evaluate whether the Glasgow‐Blatchford score (GBS) could be effective in predicting clinical outcomes of bleeding MWS and to investigate the predictive ability of the Forrest classification for rebleeding and assess the effective endoscopic modalities for bleeding control in MWS.MethodsFrom January 2004 to December 2012 168 patients were diagnosed with MWS in the Asan Medical Center Emergency Department. We analyzed their clinical outcomes, including endoscopic treatment, transfusion and admission as well as the rates of rebleeding and mortality using GBS and the Forrest classification, retrospectively.ResultsEndoscopic treatment was applied to patients. The GBS was significantly higher in patients treated with endoscopic therapy than in the conservative treatment group (6.8 ± 3.7 vs 5.1 ± 4.7, P = 0.011). In patients with a GBS of >6 the rates of endoscopic treatment and rebleeding and the need for transfusion and admission were significantly higher (all P < 0.05). The Forrest classification was able to predict recurrent bleeding (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.723, 95% confidence interval 0.609–0.836, P = 0.025). Hemoclip‐based therapy and band ligation achieved higher success rates than did injection therapy alone in preventing rebleeding (96.4%, 88.9% and 71.4%, P = 0.013).ConclusionIn MWS, GBS might be useful for predicting clinical outcomes and the Forrest classification in predicting recurrent bleeding.
Masked hypoglycemia in pregnancy
Authors: Naik Dukhabandhu , Hesarghatta Shyamasunder Asha , Doddabelavangala Mruthyunjaya Mahesh , Gupta Patil Rita , Paul Thomas Vizhalil , Christina Flory , Inbakumari Mercy , Jose Ruby , Lionel Jessie , Regi Annie , Jeyaseelan P. Visalakshi , Thomas Nihal 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundHypoglycemia is a major hindrance for optimal glycemic control in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on insulin. In the present study, masked hypoglycemia (glucose <2.77mmol/L for ≥30 min) was estimated in pregnant women using a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system.MethodsTwenty pregnant women with GDM on insulin (cases) and 10 age‐matched euglycemic pregnant women (controls) between 24 and 36 weeks gestation were recruited. Both groups performed self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and underwent CGM for 72 h to assess masked hypoglycemia. Masked hypoglycemic episodes were further stratified into two groups based on interstitial glucose (2.28–2.77 and ≤2.22 mmol/L).ResultsMasked hypoglycemia was recorded in 35% (7/20) of cases and 40% (4/10) of controls using CGM, with an average of 1.28 and 1.25 episodes per subject, respectively. Time spent at glucose levels between 2.28 and 2.77 mmol/L did not differ between the two groups (mean 114 vs 90 min; P = 0.617), but cases spent a longer time with glucose ≤2.2 mmol/L. Babies born to women with GDM were significantly lighter than those born to controls (2860 vs 3290 g; P = 0.012). There was no significant difference in birth weight within the groups among babies born to women with or without hypoglycemia.ConclusionEuglycemic pregnant women and those with GDM on insulin had masked hypoglycemia. Masked hypoglycemia was not associated with adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Therefore, low glucose levels in the hypoglycemic range may represent a physiologic adaptation in pregnancy. This response is exaggerated in women with GDM on insulin.
Use of psychotropic drugs in patients with autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Jobski K. , Höfer J. , Hoffmann F. , Bachmann C. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveThe objective of this review was to examine prevalence and patterns of psychopharmacotherapy in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodA systematic literature search in PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO was performed, including articles published up to November 18, 2015.ResultsA total of 47 studies (data collection: 1976–2012), encompassing >300 000 individuals with ASD, were included. The prevalence of psychopharmacotherapy ranged from 2.7% to 80% (median (overall): 45.7%; median (children): 41.9%; median (adults): 61.5%), with psychotropic polypharmacy occurring in 5.4–54% (median: 23.0%). Regarding drug classes, antipsychotics were most frequently used, followed by attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication and antidepressants. Both older age and psychiatric comorbidity were associated with higher prevalences of psychopharmacotherapy and psychotropic polypharmacy. There were no time trends in psychopharmacotherapy prevalence observable.ConclusionDespite a lack of pharmacological treatment options for ASD core symptoms, the prevalence of psychopharmacotherapy and polypharmacy in ASD patients is considerable, which is probably due to the treatment of non‐core ASD symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities. While there is some evidence for the use of antipsychotics and ADHD medication for these indications, the use of antidepressants should be limited to selected cases.
Essential values of cocaine and non‐drug alternatives predict the choice between them
Authors: Kearns David N. , Kim Jung S. , Tunstall Brendan J. , Silberberg Alan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between reinforcer value and choice between cocaine and two non‐drug alternative reinforcers in rats. The essential value (EV, a behavioral economic measure based on elasticity of demand) of intravenous cocaine and food (Experiment 1) or saccharin (Experiment 2) was determined in the first phase of each experiment. Food had higher EV than cocaine, whereas the EVs of cocaine and saccharin did not differ. In the second phase of each experiment, rats were allowed to make mutually exclusive choices between cocaine and the non‐drug alternative reinforcer. The main findings were that the EV of cocaine was a positive predictor of cocaine preference and the EV of food or saccharin was a negative predictor of cocaine preference. An analysis of within‐session patterns of choice behavior revealed sequential dependencies, whereby rats were more likely to choose cocaine on a particular trial after having chosen the non‐drug alternative on previous trials. When the time between choices was increased, these sequential dependencies disappeared. The results of these experiments are consistent with the suggestion that addiction‐like behavior involves both overvaluation of drug reinforcers and undervaluation of non‐drug reinforcers.
Diet during pregnancy: Women's knowledge of and adherence to food safety guidelines
Authors: Bryant Jamie , Waller Amy , Cameron Emilie , Hure Alexis , Sanson‐Fisher Rob 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAs a precaution against acquiring food‐borne illnesses, guidelines recommend women avoid some foods during pregnancy.AimsTo examine among women receiving antenatal care: (i) level of knowledge and self‐reported adherence to guidelines about foods that should be avoided during pregnancy; and (ii) associated socio‐demographic characteristics.MethodsWomen attending a public outpatient clinic who were: pregnant or had recently given birth; 18 years or older; able to complete an English language survey with minimal assistance; and had at least one prior antenatal appointment for their current pregnancy, were asked to complete a cross‐sectional survey.ResultsIn total 223 women (64% consent rate) participated. Knowledge of foods to avoid during pregnancy was poor, with 83% of women incorrectly identifying at least one unsafe food as safe to consume. The average knowledge score for foods to avoid during pregnancy was 7.9 (standard deviation = 3.4; median = 9; interquartile range: 6–11; n = 218) out of a possible score of 12. Having more general practice (GP) visits for antenatal care and fewer tertiary antenatal visits were significantly associated with higher knowledge. Women with a higher number of GP visits and those receiving care in a high‐risk clinic were more likely to be adherent to guidelines.ConclusionsThe majority of pregnant women have poor knowledge of food avoidance guidelines and continue to consume foods that put them at risk.
Impact of sex on prognostic host factors in surgical patients with lung cancer
Authors: Wainer Zoe , Wright Gavin M. , Gough Karla , Daniels Marissa G. , Choong Peter , Conron Matthew , Russell Prudence A. , Alam Naveed Z. , Ball David , Solomon Benjamin 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundLung cancer has markedly poorer survival in men. Recognized important prognostic factors are divided into host, tumour and environmental factors. Traditional staging systems that use only tumour factors to predict prognosis are of limited accuracy. By examining sex‐based patterns of disease‐specific survival in non‐small cell lung cancer patients, we determined the effect of sex on the prognostic value of additional host factors.MethodsTwo cohorts of patients treated surgically with curative intent between 2000 and 2009 were utilized. The primary cohort was from Melbourne, Australia, with an independent validation set from the American Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate analyses of validated host‐related prognostic factors were performed in both cohorts to investigate the differences in survival between men and women.ResultsThe Melbourne cohort had 605 patients (61% men) and SEER cohort comprised 55 681 patients (51% men). Disease‐specific 5‐year survival showed men had statistically significant poorer survival in both cohorts (P < 0.001); Melbourne men at 53.2% compared with women at 68.3%, and SEER 53.3% men and 62.0% women were alive at 5 years. Being male was independently prognostic for disease‐specific mortality in the Melbourne cohort after adjustment for ethnicity, smoking history, performance status, age, pathological stage and histology (hazard ratio = 1.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–2.16, P = 0.012).ConclusionsSex differences in non‐small cell lung cancer are important irrespective of age, ethnicity, smoking, performance status and tumour, node and metastasis stage. Epidemiological findings such as these should be translated into research and clinical paradigms to determine the factors that influence the survival disadvantage experienced by men.
Retracted: Effects of Di‐isononyl Phthalate on Neuropeptide Y Expression in Differentiating Human Neuronal Cells
Authors: Rendel Filip , Alfredsson Christina Fjæraa , Bornehag Carl‐Gustaf , Sundström Birgitta E. , Nånberg Eewa 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY) is an abundant neuropeptide in the mammalian brain important for behavioural consequences of stress and energy metabolism. We have addressed possible effects of the phthalate DiNP on NPY expression in human SH‐SY5Y cells, a neuronal in vitro differentiation model. Pico‐ to nanomolar doses of DiNP and its metabolite MiNP resulted in decreased NPY mRNA and peptide expression in retinoid‐differentiated cells. Thus, dys‐regulated NPY may be an adverse outcome for exposure to low doses of DiNP in human beings.
Changing light conditions in pine rockland habitats affect the intensity and outcome of ant–plant interactions
Authors: Jones Ian M. , Koptur Suzanne , Gallegos Hilma R. , Tardanico Joseph P. , Trainer Patricia A. , Peña Jorge 
Published: September 2016

AbstractExtrafloral nectar (EFN) mediates food‐for‐protection mutualisms between plants and ants. Such mutualisms exist within a complex web of biotic interactions, and in a framework provided by the abiotic environment. Both biotic and abiotic factors, therefore, affect the outcome of ant–plant interactions. We conducted an experiment to determine the effects of ant activity, and light intensity, on herbivory rates, growth, and reproductive fitness in Senna mexicana var. chapmanii, a perennial legume native to pine rockland habitats of south Florida. Forty plants were divided among four treatments in a factorial experimental design with two independent variables: ant activity and light intensity. Plants were divided equally between sunny and shady habitats, and ants were excluded from half of the plants in each habitat type. The presence of ants significantly reduced herbivory rates in S. chapmanii. In shaded habitats, the presence of ants had no effect on plant reproductive fitness, however, in sunny habitats plants with ants produced significantly more seeds over the duration of the 1‐yr study. Ants represent an important biotic defense against herbivores in S. chapmanii; however, their effects on plant fitness are dependent on light conditions. Pine rockland habitats in south Florida have been widely destroyed or mismanaged. In fragments that remain, suppression of fire has led to increased canopy closure and shading of the understory. These changes will likely negatively impact plants that rely on ants for defense. We highlight the importance of conservation efforts to preserve the pine rocklands and the fire regimes on which they rely.
Transition from paediatric to adult care: what makes it easier for parents?
Authors: Suris J. ‐C. , Larbre J. ‐P. , Hofer M. , Hauschild M. , Barrense‐Dias Y. , Berchtold A. , Akre C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess differences between parents of adolescents with chronic illness (CI) going through a self‐reported easy or difficult transfer.MethodsSeventy‐two parents of CI youths who had already transferred to adult care were divided according to whether they considered that the transfer had been easy (n = 45) or difficult (n = 27). We performed a bivariate analysis comparing both groups and variables with a significance level < .1 were included in a logistic regression. Results are presented as adjusted odds ratio (aOR).ResultsOver one third of parents (27/72) reported a difficult transfer. At the multivariate level, higher socioeconomic status (aOR: 7.74), parents feeling ready for transfer (aOR: 6.54) and a good coordination between teams (aOR: 7.66) were associated with an easy transfer.ConclusionsAn easy transfer for parents is associated with feeling ready and considering that the coordination between teams is good. Health providers should consider these requisites for a successful transfer.
Time trends of technology mediated communication with friends among bullied and not bullied children in four Nordic countries between 2001 and 2010
Authors: Bjereld Y. , Daneback K. , Löfstedt P. , Bjarnason T. , Tynjälä J. , Välimaa R. , Petzold M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundFriends are important in childhood and adolescence, especially to bullied children. Technology mediated communication (TMC) could be used both to develop and maintain friendship. The present study examined (1) trends in the use of TMC with friends between 2001 and 2010; (2) possible differences between bullied and not bullied children and (3) differences between children with few close friends and children with several close friends.MethodsData were obtained from three waves of the serial cross‐sectional Health Behaviour in School‐Aged Children survey conducted in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden during 2001/2002, 2005/2006 and 2009/2010. The total sample consisted of 65 953 children aged 11, 13 and 15.ResultsTwo trends were observed. The first trend showed an increased use of TMC in all countries. Children that were not bullied and/or had several close friends had increased their use of TMC with friends from 2001 to 2010. The second trend was applicable only for bullied children with few close friends; they had not as other children increased their use of TMC and thus remained at the same levels as in 2001/2002.ConclusionsBullied children with few close friends were excluded from communication forums that usually allow children to maintain and develop friendships. This is a concern because friends are important during childhood and adolescence, especially for bullied children.
Body dysmorphic disorder in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty surgery: should we be performing routine screening?
Authors: Joseph J. , Randhawa P. , Hannan S.A. , Long J. , Goh S. , O'Shea N. , Saleh H. , Hansen E. , Veale D. , Andrews P. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is defined as having a preoccupation with a perceived flaw in one's appearance, which appears slight to others and significantly interferes with a person's functioning. When undetected in septorhinoplasty patients, it will often lead to poor outcomes.DesignWe performed a prospective cohort study to determine the prevalence of BDD in our patients and whether surgical correction could be considered.Setting and participantsWe recruited 34 patients being considered for septorhinoplasty in a tertiary referral rhinology clinic and a control group of 50 from the otology clinic giving a total of 84.Main outcome measuresParticipants completed the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ), the sino‐nasal outcome test‐23 (SNOT‐23) and underwent nasal inspiratory peak flow (NIPF). Those found to be at high risk for BDD were referred to a clinical psychologist.ResultsOf the septorhinoplasty patients, 11 (32%) were high risk for BDD. Following psychological assessment, 7 (63%) patients were felt to be unsuitable for surgery and were offered psychological therapy. SNOT‐23 scores were significantly higher in the BDD group indicating a negative impact on quality of life. NIPF readings were not significantly different in the BDD group compared to the control group.ConclusionsThe BDDQ is a valid tool for identifying patients at risk of BDD. A close working relationship with clinical psychology has been advantageous to help the selection process of candidates for surgery when there is a high risk of BDD.
The value of virtual conferencing for ecology and conservation
Authors: Fraser Hannah , Soanes Kylie , Jones Stuart A. , Jones Chris S. , Malishev Matthew 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe objectives of conservation science and dissemination of its research create a paradox: Conservation is about preserving the environment, yet scientists spread this message at conferences with heavy carbon footprints. Ecology and conservation science depend on global knowledge exchange—getting the best science to the places it is most needed. However, conference attendance from developed countries typically outweighs that from developing countries that are biodiversity and conservation hotspots. If any branch of science should be trying to maximize participation while minimizing carbon emissions, it is conservation. Virtual conferencing is common in other disciplines, such as education and humanities, but it is surprisingly underused in ecology and conservation. Adopting virtual conferencing entails a number of challenges, including logistics and unified acceptance, which we argue can be overcome through planning and technology. We examined 4 conference models: a pure‐virtual model and 3 hybrid hub‐and‐node models, where hubs stream content to local nodes. These models collectively aim to mitigate the logistical and administrative challenges of global knowledge transfer. Embracing virtual conferencing addresses 2 essential prerequisites of modern conferences: lowering carbon emissions and increasing accessibility for remote, time‐ and resource‐poor researchers, particularly those from developing countries.