bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE VELIKAYA RIVER DELTA BASED ON HYDROCHEMICAL INDICATORS AND STRUCTURE OF PHYTOPLANKTON
Authors: Drozdenko Tatiana , Mikhalap Sergei , Nikolskaya Larisa , Chernova Anna 
Published: June 2017

The basis of the existence of freshwater ecosystems is phytoplankton, which produces most of the primary biological production, participates in repair processes and provides a wide range of ecosystem services. The short life cycle and high speed metabolism of microalgae make them ideal objects for ecological monitoring.
The aim of the present study is to research the ecological state of the Velikaya river delta based on the species composition of phytoplankton community and some hydrochemical parameters.
The sample collection for phytoplankton study and physicochemical measurements was carried out in summer 2016 at five stations representing different ecological locations of the Velikaya river delta.
One hundred sixty five species taxa of microalgae belonging to 8 phylums were identified during the research: Bacillariophyta (37%), Chlorophyta (33.9%), Cyanophyta/Cyanobacteria (9.7%), Chrysophyta (6.1%), Euglenophyta (6.1%), Cryptophyta (3%), Dinophyta (3%), Xanthophyta (1.2%).
The values of Shannon index indicate the average complexity of the microalgae communities structure. Values of Margalef index characterize the Velikaya river delta as an area of high species richness. Compared to the previous studies, a significant increase in the level of information diversity is observed, indicating an increase in the number of possible flows of substance and energy in the ecosystem. Dynamics of biogen substances in the water shows a slight increase of their concentrations.
Ecological and geographical analysis proves that absolute dominance of cosmopolitan freshwater forms is typical for the algoflora of the Velikaya river delta. In relation to the pH-reaction inhabitants of neutral and slightly alkaline water dominate. Pantle–Buck saprobity index is applied for water quality assessment, which shows beta-mesosaprobic water quality in the ecosystem. Thus, the water of the Velikaya river delta could be referred to the category of moderately polluted water (class II of water quality). This is confirmed by the data of hydrochemical analysis.
IT RISK IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
Authors: Podziņš Oskars , Romānovs Andrejs 
Published: June 2017

There are numerous methods for risk identification and risk assessment phases. Which for risk identification includes historical and systematic approach and inductive or theoretical analysis. One of the main reasons why risk identification is very helpful is that it provides justification in many cases for any large IT investment and other large undertakings. Without it organization probably wouldn’t be able to come to conclusion. Also in this phase business recognize the threats, vulnerabilities, and assets associated with its IT systems. Together with risk assessment phase risk management specialist is responsible for determining asset value, what's the value of the asset business is protecting, and risk acceptance level.
Risk assessment on the other hand examines impact or consequence, as well as examines and evaluates the likelihood or probability of that adverse event happening. Risk assessment includes methods like Bayesian analysis, Bow Tie Analysis, brainstorming or structured interviews, business impact analysis, cause and consequence, cause-and-effect analysis, Delphi method, event tree analysis, fault tree analysis, hazard analysis, hazard and operational studies, and finally structured what if technique or SWIFT process. Risk assessment has two distinctive assessment types- quantitative and qualitative assessment. Quantitative assessment tries to put a monetary value on all risks. Qualitative assessment on the other hand rather look at it from a range of values like low, medium, high. The results of these phases are going to be documented in the risk assessment report and reported to senior management.
RESEARCH OF GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING E-STUDY MATERIALS
Authors: Mackare Kristīne , Jansone Anita 
Published: June 2017

E-study use is increasing; its main content is information for self-education and it is delivered to the user through modern technologies that provide greater opportunities. In order to reach the user, information must be presented in a comprehensible and easy to remember way. The article focuses on the recommended ways of information presentation in e-studies, so that it would be possible to perceive and memorize information more efficiently, it also focuses on technologies that could help in building and analysing ways of presentation. There are analysed several technology products and presented various examples. The authors offer recommendation Guidelines for development and presentation of e-study materials, their assessment and presentation considering user needs and requirements of research, as well as literature study research, and, also, based on the foundations of visual science. The focus for the development of Guidelines was particularly on the visual function importance in the reading and learning process, as clear and stable text perception primarily is provided by near visual functions. In a structured manner, there are recommendations presented for a user-friendly e-study material design - style, size, spacing, position, colour - which should be applied for easy perception with visual processes, thus helping the learning process and facilitating memorization.
As nowadays there is a growing need for teaching methods and learning environment that is user-oriented, guidance specifics may be different for each of the e-study targeting groups that are divided primarily into three groups: children, adults, and seniors because each group has a different needs, requirements, and visual perception, as well as it is necessary to consider other features of the user which may differ from the standard and affect efficiency of recommendations. This work deals with part of the target group – adults (16-38).
CUSTOMER BEHAVIOUR DOING ONLINE SHOPPING: LATVIA’S CASE
Authors: Litavniece Lienīte , Znotiņa Daina 
Published: June 2017

E-commerce is important branch in economics and it is the fastest growing retail market, expected to reach more than 250 billion EUR in 2017. Sucessfull online business make impact on customer behaviour. The aim of the article is to research customer behaviour doing online shopping. This article contain the analyse of theoretical approaches to consumer behaviour and analyse of customer survey results to find out the Latvia’s customer behaviour doing online shopping .
GOLD - SECTION IN INTERACTIVE USER INTERFACE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Žaimis Uldis , Magazeina Ilva , Jansone Anita 
Published: June 2017

The days when only specialists worked with programs and the functionality was the most important have long passed. In today's competitive environment, an important marketing component is reliability in which the only tangible part of the program, the interface, plays a large role. Purely psychological, it is important for the users' visibility, correctness and can even be argued, friendliness. This is determined by the elements of visibility and components' location in intuitively expected places, design integrity, tone and choice of characteristic elements which, together, create a feeling of sympathy or antipathy from the software user. Regularities, which ultimately determine the user's subconscious reactions, are found in natural formations - from the most basic proportions of plants to more sophisticated self-arranged compositions.
The harmony of the structures of natural systems, that is, their internal organization, is subject to certain mathematical laws. Objective world stable stationary states corresponding to particular figures, called generalized Golen Ratios. These figures are all the structure of the invariant, which are embodied by the dialectic structure of the world and the different variations that can be observed at every step of nature. It is important to note that with the generalized Golden Ratio, not only is the well-known ratio of 1:1,618 understood, but a whole line of relationships, where like in music, a single major or minor note can be played, and another can stand out from the whole ensemble.
The main applications of the Goden Ratio in interface design are space division, caption-font size ratios, restrictive areas (buttons), title queue length, color tone saturation ratio, and cell location coordinates.
In this paper, we propose certain recomendations for the development of a user - friendly interface. These recommendations suggest uses in the software developer training process for non-design specialty students; target group - programmers, computer specialists, and IT project managers. The article does not address the development of graphic design tools and their functionality.
COMPETENCE AS A FACTOR OF EMOTIONAL CAPITAL
Authors: Ivanova Irina , Sceulovs Deniss 
Published: June 2017

Use of modern knowledge and technologies determines market development which grows with high rates. Today's business environment cause changes that affect the formation of the modern technologies, including business models, which generates changes not only the competencies, but I soft skills, including emotional capital, as a factor influencing the development of modern companies. Article investigates configuration during company growth process. Researching relevance and justification, the purpose of work is conception of factors, which positively influenced development of the entity, organization developments influencing on the productive direction.
The aim of the article is to provide the competence concept and its components to identify interrelationship with knowledge and skills which is related to emotional intelligence as a part of emotional capital . And as the result, the emotional equity as element of competence, acting as the regulator, carries out a role of positive feedback within strategic management.
CASE STUDY OF STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY OF EXISTING BUILDING
Authors: Drukis Peteris , Gaile Līga , Goremikins Vadims 
Published: June 2017

– Structural reliability of buildings has become an important issue after the collapse of a shopping centre in Riga 21.11.2013, caused the death of 54 people. The reliability of a building is the practice of designing, constructing, operating, maintaining and removing buildings in ways that ensure maintained health, ward suffered injuries or death due to use of the building. Evaluation and improvement of existing buildings is becoming more and more important.
For a large part of existing buildings, the design life has been reached or will be reached in the near future. The structures of these buildings need to be reassessed in order to find out whether the safety requirements are met. The safety requirements provided by the Eurocodes are a starting point for the assessment of safety. However, it would be uneconomical to require all existing buildings and structures to comply fully with these new codes and corresponding safety levels, therefore the assessment of existing buildings differs with each design situation. This case study describes the simple and practical procedure of determination of minimal reliability index β of existing steel structures designed by different codes than Eurocodes and allows to reassess the actual safety level of different structural elements of existing buildings under design load.
The gene polymorphisms of COL1A1 and VDR in children with scoliosis
Authors: Vissarionov Sergey V. , Larionova Valentina I. , Kazarian Irina V. , Filippova Alexandra N. , Kostik Mikhail M. , Voitovich Anna N. , Rotchev Elena V. 
Published: June 2017

Background. Identification of the genetic prerequisites for development of spinal deformity.
Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of distribution of alleles and genotypes for polymorphisms -3731A/G (Cdx2) and +61968T/C (TaqI) of the VDR gene and -1997G/T and +1245G/T (Sp1) of the COL1A1 gene in children with scoliosis of various etiologies and in healthy children.
Materials and methods. Clinical genetic testing was performed in 154 children with congenital scoliosis, 145 children with idiopathic scoliosis, and 278 children without an orthopedic pathology. The molecular genetic testing was performed by PCR.
Results. Genotype tt/GG VDR gene incidence is twice as high in children with congenital scoliosis than in children who do not have scoliosis (11% and 5.2% of cases, respectively; χ² = 4.17; df = 1; p = 0.04).
Conclusion. We have found that children with the allele carriers t(C) and genotype tt(CC) in patients with congenital scoliosis were significantly more likely than children without scoliosis spinal deformity.
Food security assessment and consumption pattern in rural households in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Okojie L. O. , Obasan T. A. , Afolabi W.A. O. 
Published: June 2017

The problem of nutrition security is getting worse in Africa, due to increasing population growth and poor progress in efforts directed at reducing food insecurity in many countries in the continent. The paper undertook an assessment of the food security situation and food consumption pattern in rural households in Ogun state, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 260 rural households from whom data were collected through structured questionnaire. The tools of analysis were descriptive statistics and food security index. The former described the consumption pattern, and households’ sources of food availability, while the latter was used to analyse the food security situation. The result of the rural households’ consumption pattern reveals that the rural households derived more of their energy from carbohydrates at the expense of other classes of food items. The result also shows that majority (75.5%) obtained their food through their own production and supplemented same with food purchased from the market to meet up with their family needs. Based on the recommended daily calorie intake (R) of 2,470 kcal, 59.6% of the rural households were food insecure while 40.4% were food secure. The calculated head count ratio (H) for the food insecure households was 0.6, confirming that almost 60% of households in the study area were food insecure. For secure households, the head count ratio (H) was 0.4, further confirming that only about 40% of households in the study area were food secure. The shortfall index and surplus index were 0.2787 and 0.3498 respectively, meaning that the energy requirement was less by about 27 percent and in excess of 34 percent for the food insecure and food secure households. The paper recommends that while enhancing production of arable crops - roots, tubers and cereals, a sensible balance of tilting towards meeting the requirements in the consumption of animal protein/legume, fats/oils, fruits and vegetables must be maintained to ensure food security. This policy thrust could be enhanced through mass education.
JEL code: R20
A Simple Unified Pressure-Transient-Analysis Method for Fractured Waterflood Injectors and Minifractures in Hydraulic-Fracture Stimulation
Authors: van den Hoek Paul 
Published: June 2017

Summary
Pressure-transient analysis (PTA) is commonly used in the industry to estimate parameters such as dimensions (length, height) and skin of induced (hydraulic) fractures, and reservoir permeability. PTA-interpretation methods are well-established for the limiting cases of low leakoff [mini-fracture analysis (MFA) and diagnostic-fracture-injection tests (DFITs) of stimulation hydraulic fractures] and high leakoff [injection-falloff (IFO) analysis of waterflood-induced fractures]. However, traditional methodologies used for these two limiting cases differ fundamentally and there exists no established approach for intermediate leakoff, in spite of many efforts to date.
We present detailed numerical simulations of fracture closure as a result of shut-in and after-closure reservoir flow following hydraulic-fracture propagation at arbitrary rate and for arbitrary leakoff (from very low to very high). By use of the trends resulting from these simulations, we propose a novel, very-simple analytical PTA method for estimating fracture dimensions, skin, leakoff coefficient, and reservoir permeability. This method is applicable to fractured waterflood injectors and to mini-fractures in hydraulic-fracture stimulation. It presents a consistent approach to before-closure analysis (BCA) and after-closure analysis (ACA).
We compared the numerical simulations with our novel analytical PTA method with more conventional MFA and IFO approaches, such as g-functions and other existing BCA and ACA methods. For all these cases, it is demonstrated that the currently existing approaches present limiting cases for either low leakoff (MFA) or high leakoff (IFO) of our proposed PTA method, and that our novel methodology provides superior results to the existing approaches, particularly in the intermediate-leakoff range. We also use our numerical methodology to demonstrate that more recently proposed analysis methods by use of generalized versions of the Agarwal/Bourdet et al. (1989) derivative do not necessarily result in a “correct” interpretation, in particular with respect to identifying the point of fracture closure. With respect to the latter, we also demonstrate that in many cases, unique identification of fracture closure from PTA will be very difficult.
Finally, we apply our PTA method to a few field cases, thereby demonstrating its simplicity of usage.
Modeling of Spontaneous–Imbibition Experiments With Porous Disk—On the Validity of Exponential Prediction
Authors: Andersen P. Ø. , Evje S.. , Hiorth A.. 
Published: June 2017

Summary
Imbibition experiments with porous disk can be used to derive accurate capillary pressure curves for porous media. An experimental setup is considered in which brine spontaneously imbibes cocurrently through a water-wet porous disk and into a mixed-wet core. Oil is produced from the core's top surface, which is exposed to oil. The capillary pressure is reduced in steps to determine points on the capillary pressure curve. A mathematical model is presented to interpret and design such experiments. The model was used to history match experimental data from Ahsan et al. (2012). An analytical model was then derived from a simplification of the general model, and validated by comparing the two by use of parameters from history matching. The main assumption of the analytical model is that the imbibition rate is sufficiently low, allowing fluids to redistribute inside the core, leading to a negligible capillary pressure gradient. This results in an exponential imbibition time profile with a time scale τ. Exponential matching has been applied earlier in the literature, but, for the first time, we derive this expression theoretically and provide an explicit formulation for the time scale. The numerical simulations show that, at low saturations, there can be a significant flow resistance in the core. A capillary-pressure gradient then forms, and the analytical solution overestimates the rate of recovery. At higher saturations, the fluids are more mobile, and imbibition rate is restricted by the disk. Under such conditions, the exponential solution is a good approximation. The demonstrated ability to predict the time scale in the late stage of the experiment is of significant benefit, because this part of the test is also the most time-consuming and most important to estimate. A method is presented to derive capillary pressure data point by point from measured imbibition data. It provides reliable data between the equilibrium points, and demonstrates consistent variations in flow resistance during the imbibition tests. Gravity had minor influence on the considered experimental data, but generally implies that equilibrium points have higher capillary pressure than the phase pressure difference defined by the boundary conditions.
PENGARUH PRODUKTIVITAS TERHADAP HARGA POKOK KEBUN KARET DI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Widyasari Titik , Rouf Akhmad 
Published: June 2017

Harga pokok sangat berpengaruh dalam perhitungan laba rugi perusahaan, dan daya saing perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, informasi biaya dan harga pokok sangat diperlukan untuk pengambilan keputusan sebuah perusahaan. Dengan kondisi ekonomi yang kurang baik seperti sekarang, kenaikan biaya-biaya produksi di sektor usaha ikut berperan dalam meningkatkan harga pokok, di sisi lain harga jual karet mengalami penurunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh produktivitas terhadap harga pokok perkebunan karet. Data yang dianalisis berupa data sekunder yang bersumber dari 12 kebun yang ada di Jawa Tengah, pada tahun 2013-2015. Harga yang dimaksud adalah harga pokok riil di tingkat kebun yang sudah dideflator dengan IHK. Penelitian ini menggunakan model regresi linear sederhana untuk mengetahui hubungan produktivitas terhadap harga pokok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap kenaikan produktivitas perkebunan karet sebesar 1 kg/ha/th, akan menurunkan harga pokok riil sebesar Rp 4,24 atau harga pokok nominal Rp 5,11. Setiap kenaikan produktivitas kebun karet sebesar satu persen (1%) akan menurunkan harga pokok riil sebesar 0,43%. Oleh karena setiap kenaikan produktivitas perkebunan karet dapat menurunkan harga pokok, maka diperlukan upaya-upaya peningkatan produktivitasnya secara terus menerus.Kata kunci : produktivitas, harga pokok, karet, regresi linear sederhana, Jawa Tengah
Prevalencia y factores asociados a la presencia de reacciones adversas a medicamentos en los pacientes tratados por medicina interna en el Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo
Authors: Rangel Meza Carmen Rosa 
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia y factores asociados para presentar reacciones adversas a medicamentos en los pacientes tratados por medicina interna del Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo (HUHMP) durante un período de 2 meses.Materiales y métodos: Estudio prospectivo de corte transversal. El análisis estadístico se realizó con Epi info v7.0Resultados: De los 284 pacientes, se obtuvieron 89 reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM) que corresponde al 31.34% de la muestra, el 52.4% eran del género masculino con una edad media de 58.5 años. Las RAM se clasificaron según su mecanismo de producción en tipo A en 79%, tipo B 14% y tipo C 5%; la mayoría fueron leves en el 88% de los casos. El principal sistema farmacológico afectado fue el gastrointestinal seguido por el hematológico en un 22% y 19% respectivamente; la enoxaparina fue el principal fármaco relacionado con la producción de RAM en el 17%; al igual es el fármaco con más interacciones medicamentosas junto con el ácido acetilsalicílico en el 26% de los casos. Entre los factores asociados para la producción de RAM son la polifarmacia IC: 1.96-5.57, p 0.000027 y las interacciones medicamentosas IC: 1.32 – 3.81, p 0.0011.Conclusiones: Las interacciones medicamentosas y la polifarmacia son los factores asociados a la presencia de reacciones adversas a medicamentos en pacientes de medicina interna.