bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiology‐based pharmacokinetic model with relative transcriptomics to evaluate tissue distribution and receptor occupancy of anifrolumab
Authors: Sharma Pradeep , Boulton David W. , Bertagnolli Lynn N. , Tang Weifeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractType I interferons contribute to the pathogenesis of several autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and myositis. Anifrolumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to subunit 1 of the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR1). Results of phase IIb and phase III trials led to the approval of intravenous anifrolumab 300 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) alongside standard therapy in patients with moderate‐to‐severe SLE. Here, we built a population physiology‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of anifrolumab by utilizing the physiochemical properties of anifrolumab, binding kinetics to the Fc gamma neonatal receptor, and target‐mediated drug disposition properties. A novel relative transcriptomics approach was employed to determine IFNAR1 expression in tissues (blood, skin, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and muscle) using mRNA abundances from bioinformatic databases. The IFNAR1 expression and PBPK model were validated by testing their ability to predict clinical pharmacokinetics over a large dose range from different clinical scenarios after subcutaneous and intravenous anifrolumab dosing. The validated PBPK model predicted high unbound local concentrations of anifrolumab in blood, skin, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and muscle, which exceeded its IFNAR1 dissociation equilibrium constant values. The model also predicted high IFNAR1 occupancy with subcutaneous and intravenous anifrolumab dosing. The model predicted more sustained IFNAR1 occupancy ≥90% with subcutaneous anifrolumab 120 mg once‐weekly dosing vs. intravenous 300 mg Q4W dosing. The results informed the dosing of phase III studies of anifrolumab in new indications and present a novel approach to PBPK modeling coupled with relative transcriptomics in simulating pharmacokinetics of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.
Real‐Time Heading Correction Control for Mars Rovers Considering Travel Terrain Differences Between Two Sides of the Suspension
Authors: Jia Zhicheng , Jin Jingfu , Dong Xinju , Zou Meng , He Lianbin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTExisting Mars rovers usually adopt a split suspension with a rocker‐bogie on each side of the body to improve terrain adaptability. However, when exploring the Martian surface with complex terrain distribution, differential traveling conditions of the wheel sets on both sides can cause the Mars rover to deviate from its desired heading. This paper presents a coordinated wheel speed control method for Mars rovers that combines fuzzy control with active disturbance rejection control. This method can realize real‐time heading correction while compensating for the effects of differences in terrain shape and terrain type on both sides. Another advantage of the proposed method is that the control system does not rely on the motion model of the Mars rover's suspension and avoids real‐time acquisition of suspension attitude data, which improves the algorithm efficiency and portability. Finally, a series of experimental tests of multiterrain travel were conducted on a six‐wheeled Mars rover prototype deploying the control system. The experimental results show that the control system can effectively guarantee that the Mars rover tracks the desired heading while traveling, and can obtain beneficial effects in reducing the internal force between the wheels and facing some special driving scenes.
Oxygen Vacancies Regulated S‐Scheme Charge Transport Route in BiVO4‐OVs/g‐C3N4 Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Su Kangrui , Zheng Lingcheng , Liu Mei , Gao Juan , Shi Zeyu , Chen Changzhao , Li Yang , He Jie , Peng Mao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOxygen vacancies (OVs) are widely considered as active sites in photocatalytic reactions, yet the crucial role of OVs in S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts requires deeper understanding. In this work, OVs at hetero‐interface regulated S‐scheme BiVO4‐OVs/g‐C3N4 photocatalysts are constructed. The Fermi‐level structures of BiVO4 and g‐C3N4 lead to a redistribution of charges at the heterojunction interface, inducing an internal electric field at the interface, which tends to promote the recombination of photogenerated carriers at the interface. Importantly, the introduction of OVs induces defect electronic states in the BiVO4 bandgap, creating indirect recombination energy level that serves as crucial intermediator for photogenerated carrier recombination in the S‐scheme heterojunction. As a result, the photocatalytic degradation rate on Rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracyclines (TCs) for the optimal sample is 10.7 and 11.8 times higher than the bare one, the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate is also improved to 558 µmol g−1 h−1. This work shows the importance of OVs in heterostructure photocatalysis from both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects and may provide new insight into the rational design of S‐scheme photocatalysts.
Experimental and numerical investigation of low‐velocity impact behavior and failure mode of shear deficient RC beam strengthened with CFRP strips
Authors: Çalışkan Özlem , Aras Murat , Yılmaz Tolga , Anıl Özgür 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt is well‐known that shear failure is a collapse mechanism that is the riskiest, fastest, and catastrophic and occurs with no visible signs of damage or prior warning for RC beams. Therefore, to prevent brittle shear failure, the RC beams should include sufficient shear reinforcement, such as stirrups, and be designed to have sufficient shear capacity. However, the RC beams' shear capacity becomes inadequate for various reasons. One of these reasons may be the acting of the impulsive impact load, which is uncommon and disregarded in the design phase on the RC beams. An experimental program was conducted to examine the impact behavior and failure mode of shear‐deficient RC beams in the scope of the present study. Besides, it aims to investigate the effectiveness of the strengthening method using CFRP strips in improving the general behavior, failure mode, and performance of shear‐deficient RC beams exposed to impact load. The time histories of the accelerations, displacements, impact loads, and strains in the CFRP strips were measured. They were interpreted how they are affected by experimental variables examined in the experimental study. Furthermore, the finite element model of the specimens was generated in the LS‐DYNA software, and the experimental and numerical results were compared by performing finite element analysis in terms of failure modes and general behavior.
Epithelial neutrophil localization and tight junction Claudin‐2 expression are innovative outcome predictors in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Zammarchi Irene , Santacroce Giovanni , Puga‐Tejada Miguel , Hayes Brian , Crotty Rory , O’Driscoll Elaine , Majumder Snehali , Kaczmarczyk Wiktoria , Maeda Yasuharu , McCarthy Jane , Sugrue Kathleen , O’Sullivan Caitriona , Burke Louise , Ghosh Subrata , Iacucci Marietta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in clinical and endoscopic remission may still experience disease relapse. Therefore, there is a need to identify outcome predictors. Recently, the role of neutrophils in predicting outcomes in ulcerative colitis (UC) has been highlighted. Furthermore, the impairment of intestinal barrier plays a key role in forecasting disease outcomes in IBD.ObjectiveThis observational study aimed to assess the predictive role of neutrophils according to tissue localization and intestinal barrier protein expression in IBD.MethodsIBD patients in clinical remission who underwent colonoscopy between January 2020 and June 2022 at two tertiary referral centres were enrolled. Patients with Mayo Endoscopic Score ≤1 (UC) and Simple Endoscopic Score ≤6 (Crohn's disease) were included. Histological activity was assessed using validated scores. Experienced pathologists evaluated neutrophil localization in the epithelium and lamina propria and immunohistochemical expression of Claudin‐2 and junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM‐A).ResultsOf 60 UC and 76 CD patients, 59.7% had histological activity. 25.8% of patients developed an adverse outcome within 12 months. Neutrophils in the epithelium predicted adverse outcomes for UC (hazard ratio [HR] 5.198, p = 0.01) and CD (HR 4.377, p = 0.03) patients in endoscopic remission. Claudin‐2 expression correlated with endoscopic and histological activity and predicted outcomes in UC. Similar results were found for JAM‐A in CD despite this protein showing less specificity as a barrier predictor of outcome.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential role of epithelial neutrophil localization and Claudin‐2 ‘leaky gut’ expression as tools for predicting IBD outcomes and guiding further patient‐tailored therapy.
Blade Surface Pressure Measurements in the Field and Their Usage for Aerodynamic Model Validation
Authors: Fritz Erik , Boorsma Koen , Caboni Marco , Herrig Andreas 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study presents results from a long‐term measurement campaign on a research wind turbine in the field. Pressure measurements are conducted at 25% blade radius over several months. Together with inflow measurements provided by a LiDAR system, they form an extensive dataset, which is used in the validation of numerical aerodynamic models. The model validation is conducted based on both ten‐minute average data as well as time‐resolved unsteady data. Initially, it is investigated how representative ten‐minute average pressure measurements are of the underlying unsteady aerodynamics. Binned ten‐minute average pressure distributions are then analysed together with their numerical counterpart, consisting of a combination of rotor and airfoil level aerodynamic/aeroelastic simulation results using average environmental and operating conditions as input. Finally, time‐resolved measurements and simulation results are compared, validating the aeroelastic tools' capability to reproduce unsteady aerodynamics.Overall, reasonable agreement is found between numerical simulations and field experiment data showcasing two aspects: Numerical tools based on blade element momentum theory and panel methods with viscous‐inviscid interaction remain relevant for simulating modern multi‐megawatt wind turbines, and long‐term pressure measurements provide invaluable means for validating such tools.
Deriving Models from Field Test Data to Forecast Brake System Limits in Fuel Cell Heavy-Duty Trucks
Authors: Mun Seongjae , Park Jinhui , Lee Hongwoo , Ahn Changsun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEvaluating braking system limits is crucial in designing heavy-duty trucks, often requiring extensive time and resources through field and dynamometer testing. To reduce these demands, modeling approaches have been widely adopted. However, it faces challenges in complex configurations like fuel cell trucks due to interactions between brake and energy systems, particularly regenerative braking, a feature absent in conventional heavy-duty trucks. This paper presents a model that simplifies the representation of these systems in fuel cell trucks, using data-driven models based on field tests. It details constructing and validating a comprehensive brake system model specifically for downhill scenarios in fuel cell trucks, achieving around 99% accuracy in predicting brake limits.
Numerical Study on Vibration Characteristics of Non-pneumatic Tire Coupled with Quarter-Car Model
Authors: Washimi Yuta , Suzuki Takuma , Okano Toshihiko , Sasaki Kensuke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNon-Pneumatic Tires are primarily recognized for their puncture-free attributes, particularly suitable for specialized vehicles. However, not only the advantages, but also vehicle characteristics such as noise, vibration, and harshness need to be considered in case of application to standard passenger cars. To address this, estimating the vibration characteristics of NPT, considering the nonlinear behavior of the tire and its interaction with other car components, is important for vehicle development and chassis control. In this study, tire finite element analysis combined with the multibody simulation of a quarter-car model is employed. The vibration characteristics of a passenger car equipped with NPT are investigated on a specific tire construction and a car model in comparison to a pneumatic tire. It was found that the NPT exhibits high-frequency characteristic vibrations, although the overall trend is qualitatively similar to that of the pneumatic tire when the vertical stiffness and the contact properties are set to be close to those of the pneumatic tire.
Energy-Efficient Optimal Torque Vectoring for a Four-Motor High-Performance Electric Vehicle
Authors: Prost Mattéo , Cvok Ivan , Velenis Efstathios 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe paper presents and compares an optimal control allocation (CA) and model predictive control (MPC)-based torque vectoring (TV) for improved energy efficiency of electric vehicle with four independent electric motors. Offline and online (instantaneous) optimisation-based CA are designed for front-rear torque distribution. For overall wheel torque allocation, a production-ready MPC-based TV is extended with energy consumption minimisation terms. CA and MPC rely on power loss curves of differently sized front and rear powertrains that are fitted with polynomial regression models. Performance of both strategies is evaluated in high-fidelity nonlinear simulation environment in terms of energy efficiency improvement on standard driving cycles and impact on the vehicle dynamics in lateral manoeuvres. Results demonstrate consistent reduction of the energy consumption and preservation of the vehicle handling behaviour.
A Lateral Control Based on Physics Informed Neural Networks for Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Hegedűs Tamás , Fényes Dániel , Németh Balázs , Tan Vu Van , Gáspár Péter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the paper, a lateral control strategy is presented using Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) for automated vehicles. The main idea is that the physics information is incorporated into the training process, which leads to an improvement in the performance level of the control algorithm. Moreover, in the highly nonlinear range of the lateral dynamics, which is not properly covered by the training dataset, the stability of the vehicle is guaranteed. The results are compared to a conventional neural network trained to control the vehicle.
Controllability of Steer-by-Wire Steering Angle Faults at the Limits of Driving Dynamics
Authors: Birkemeyer Janick , Borkowski Lukas , Wülfing Ingo , Müller Steffen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo ensure functional safety of vehicle dynamics controllers, monitoring functions are used to limit the effectiveness of lateral dynamic inputs to a safe, controllable level. For this purpose, driving situation dependent limits for maximum permissible lateral dynamic inputs are determined with the help of subject studies. To exploratively investigate limits of a steer-by-wire superposition function in a nonlinear driving situation, a subject study (N = 52) was conducted in a semi-dynamic driving simulator. This paper presents the study design and discusses the results obtained. A 4 × 4 within subject design including an additional baseline condition was used to investigate the independent variables steering angle fault and side slip angle. First, significant effects on the maximum lateral deviation and the integral of the side slip angle are demonstrated with a two-way ANOVA, thus proving the methodical approach. Second, limits for permissible additional steering input of a steer-by-wire system in an oversteering driving situation are determined from the obtained data.
Automated Parking System for Tractor-Trailer Vehicle
Authors: Kim Jinwoo , Yim Seongjin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBy virtue of recent development in automated parking system, there has been growing interest in tractor-trailer automated parking application (TTAPA). However, there are two major obstacles when developing TTAPA. The one is low maneuverability of reversing a tractor-trailer vehicle (TTV), caused by hitch angle steering characteristic, and the other is heavy computational cost from non-linearity of model. This paper considers an autonomous parking system (APS) for a TTV. To achieve successful autonomous parking under various circumstances, this system adopts nonlinear model predictive control and LQR as path planner and path tracking controller, respectively. To validate the proposed APS for TTV, the system is implemented and evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink and TruckSim co-simulation environment. From simulation results, it is shown that the proposed APS can achieve parking scenario goal with good performance for a TTV.
Data-Driven Risk Assessment with Scenario Classification for Collision Avoidance in Left/Right Turn Across Path Conflicts
Authors: Wang Wei , Raksincharoensak Pongsathorn , Henze Roman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTraffic safety is one of the vital issues in developing autonomous and assisted driving systems. To achieve higher level of driving automation, it becomes necessary to have a reliable Risk Assessment (RA) method that not only responds to current traffic conditions but also anticipates future scenario propagation. Regardless of the driver intentions, traditional deterministic risk indicators like Time-To-Collision (TTC) have proven effective but fall short in addressing the inherent uncertainty in future propagation, especially under conflict scenarios influenced by interdependent decisions of traffic participants. Acceleration for Collision Avoidance (ACA) emerges as a flexible risk criterion adaptable to different collision-avoidance maneuvers. Focusing on the Left/Right Turn across path conflicts, this work aims to propose an innovative surrogate risk indicator for collision avoidance with the combination of ACA criteria and scenario classification using Hidden Markov Models (HMM). Based on a near-miss video database, we further train and evaluate the presented model, supplying interpretability and adaptability of risk assessment in complex conflict scenarios.
Advancing Autonomous Driving Safety Through LLM Enhanced Trajectory Prediction
Authors: Cheng Qian , Jiao Xinyu , Yang Mengmeng , Yang Mingliang , Jiang Kun , Yang Diange 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been remarkable progress in autonomous driving technology. To improve the safety of autonomous driving comprehensively, accurate predictions for all traffic agents are crucial. Typically, the graph neural network is widely employed for the trajectory prediction. To enhance the prediction accuracy rate, this paper utilizes a finetuned vision-to-language large model to extract driving intentions. With the well-designed prompt and the supervision of the specific dataset, the LLM (large language model) can analyze the current traffic condition and give the corresponding driving intention. This paper also combines the result of the LLM and the output of the traditional prediction model, and the future trajectory is modified with the driving intention, which can improve the final prediction accuracy. Finally, in the decision-making part, both the driving intention from the LLM and the trajectory from the traditional prediction model are considered in the boundary-based drivable area, and a safe planning path is then generated. According to the validation in the public motion forecasting dataset, this method has greatly improved the accuracy of the prediction and the safety of route planning.
A Yaw Rate Based Stability Control Tuning via Virtual Methods
Authors: D’Avico Luca , Carbone Fabio , Baudry Lucas , Forni Fabrizio , Caresia Pietro , Amato Gerardo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectronic Stability Control (ESC) allows to prevent safety-critical scenarios and vehicle sideslip angle estimation plays a crucial role in such applications. Time to market and safety concerns in the development and validation of such algorithms are leading the automotive industry towards virtual methods. The recent introduction of driving simulator technologies on vehicle development process allows to develop calibrate and test in advance virtual prototypes of full vehicle and its controls obtaining objective and subjective evaluation during the early stage of the vehicle development. This paper presents the methodology and results related to the development and calibration of a yaw rate based stability control grounded on a mixed-kinematic sideslip estimator. This work has been carried out leveraging tools provided by simulation platforms, scalable configurations of driving simulators and results from road tests.
Wear behavior of all-ceramic micro end mills in micro milling of PMMA
Authors: Mayer Tobias , Kieren-Ehses Sonja , Willrich Markus , Kirsch Benjamin , Aurich Jan C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMicro milling is a state-of-the-art micro manufacturing method employed, for instance, in the context of prototyping applications. Due to the high specific cutting forces and small tool diameters inherent to micro milling, tool wear represents a significant challenge for the fabrication of large, high-quality structures. In conventional cutting applications, ceramic tool substrates have been demonstrated to exhibit greater wear resistance than cemented carbides. In the case of micro milling of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), all-ceramic micro end mills made from zirconia (Y-TZP) have been observed to exhibit less tool wear than common cemented carbide micro end mills. In previous experiments, these tools exhibited a feed per tooth-dependent wear behavior, regardless of the spindle speed employed. The objective of this study was to investigate the wear behavior of the all-ceramic micro end mills at higher feeds per tooth (up to 7.5 µm) and spindle speeds (up to 110,000 rpm) in PMMA. The objective was to fully characterize the interactions between the all-ceramic micro end mills and the milling parameters for this thermoplastic workpiece material. The wear at the cutting edge was quantified by analyzing the topography with an atomic force microscope, and the results were correlated with the cutting forces and process outcomes. The results were found to be highly sensitive to the spindle speed used, with higher speeds leading to higher temperatures in the cutting zone and thus softening of the PMMA material. In general, micro milling parameters of 110,000 rpm and a feed per tooth of 5 µm resulted in significantly reduced tool wear with no adverse effect on surface quality when micro milling PMMA with all-ceramic micro end mills.