bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giardia lamblia: missing evidence for a canonical thioredoxin system
Authors: Leitsch David , Rout Samuel , Lundström-Stadelmann Britta , Balmer Vreni , Hehl Adrian , Müller Norbert 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The microaerophilic protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia occurs globally and causes dysentery in humans and animals. Since it is very sensitive to oxygen and reactive oxygen species, G. lamblia disposes over several enzymatic pathways to counter oxidative stress. One of the enzymes involved is thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), a central redox regulator that indirectly reduces peroxiredoxins via thioredoxin, an electron shuttle protein. Interestingly, the components of the TrxR-mediated redox system, including functional thioredoxins, have so far not been described despite their surmised importance for parasite survival. We aimed at filling this gap and attempted to identify functional thioredoxins and other interaction partners of TrxR in G. lamblia. To this end, we conducted database searches and expressed three recombinant candidate thioredoxins in Escherichia coli for ensuing enzyme assays. Further, co-immunoprecipitation experiments were conducted in order to identify further components of the thioredoxin redox network. Finally, the cellular localization of TrxR and peroxiredoxin 1 was determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. Surprisingly, our endeavours did not result in the identification of a functional thioredoxin or other credible interaction partners of TrxR. We, therefore, conclude that there is currently no evidence for a canonical thioredoxin redox network in G. lamblia.
Eolian sand and loess deposits indicate west-northwest paleowinds during the Late Pleistocene in western Wisconsin, USA
Authors: Schaetzl Randall J. , Larson Phillip H. , Faulkner Douglas J. , Running Garry L. , Jol Harry M. , Rittenour Tammy M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOur study adds to the Quaternary history of eolian systems and deposits in western Wisconsin, USA, primarily within the lower Chippewa River valley. Thickness and textural patterns of loess deposits in the region indicate transport by west-northwesterly and westerly winds. Loess is thickest and coarsest on the southeastern flanks of large bedrock ridges and uplands, similar in some ways to shadow dunes. In many areas, sand was transported up and onto the western flanks of bedrock ridges as sand ramps, presumably as loess was deposited in their lee. Long, linear dunes, common on the sandy lowlands of the Chippewa valley, also trend to the east-southeast. Small depressional blowouts are widespread here as well and often lie immediately upwind of small parabolic dunes. Finally, in areas where sediment was being exposed by erosion along cutbanks of the Chippewa River, sand appears to have been transported up and onto the terrace treads, forming cliff-top dunes. Luminescence data indicate that this activity has continued throughout the latest Pleistocene and into the mid-Holocene. Together, these landforms and sediments paint a picture of a locally destabilized landscape with widespread eolian activity throughout much of the postglacial period.
Molecular cloning of heat shock protein 10 (Hsp10) and 60 (Hsp60) cDNAs from Galeruca daurica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and their expression analysis
Authors: Tan Y. , Zhang Y. , Huo Z.-J. , Zhou X.-R. , Pang B.-P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGaleruca daurica (Joannis) is a new outbreak pest in the Inner Mongolia grasslands in northern China. Heat shock protein 10 and 60 (Hsp10 and Hsp60) genes of G. daurica, designated as GdHsp10 and GdHsp60, were cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends techniques. Sequence analysis showed that GdHsp10 and GdHsp60 encoded polypeptides of 104 and 573 amino acids, respectively. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis clearly revealed that the amino acids of GdHsp10 and GdHsp60 had high homology and were clustered with other Hsp10 and Hsp60 genes in insects which are highly relative with G. daurica based on morphologic taxonomy. The mRNA expression analysis by real-time PCR revealed that GdHsp10 and GdHsp60 were expressed at all development stages and in all tissues examined, but expressed highest in eggs and in adults’ abdomen; both heat and cold stresses could induce mRNA expression of GdHsp10 and GdHsp60 in the 2nd instar larvae; the two Hsp genes were expressed from high to low with the extension of treatment time in G. daurica eggs exposed to freezing point. Overall, our study provides useful information to understand temperature stress responses of Hsp60 and Hsp10 in G. daurica, and provides a basis to further study functions of Hsp60/Hsp10 relative to thermotolerance and cold hardiness mechanism.
Isorchis cannonin. sp. (Digenea: Atractotrematidae) from Great Barrier Reef rabbitfishes and the molecular elucidation of its life cycle
Authors: Huston D.C. , Cutmore S.C. , Cribb T.H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe describeIsorchis cannonin. sp. from the rabbitfishesSiganus fuscescens(Houttuyn) andSiganus lineatus(Valenciennes) (Siganidae) collected off Heron Island, southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia and, using molecular data, demonstrate that ‘Cercariae queenslandaeII’ of Cannon (1978) from the gastropodClypeomorus batillariaeformisHabe & Kosuge (Cerithiidae) is the larval form of this new species. The cercariae ofI.cannonin. sp. develop in rediae, encyst in the environment after emergence, and are inferred to then be consumed by grazing rabbitfish. Additionally, we provide a new report ofIsorchis curraniAndres, Pulis & Overstreet, 2016 from the type host,Selenotoca multifasciata(Richardson) (Scatophagidae) collected in Moreton Bay, south-east Queensland, Australia, greatly expanding the known geographical range of this species. Molecular sequence data (ITS1, ITS2 and 28S rDNA) generated forI.cannonin. sp. and the new specimens ofI.currani, confirm the identification ofI.curraniand demonstrate a distinct genotype forI.cannonin. sp. relative to other species ofIsorchisDurio & Manter, 1969, for which molecular data are available.Isorchis cannonin. sp. is morphologically distinct from all other species in the genus, and is further distinguished by utilizing species of Siganidae as definitive hosts, rather than species of Chanidae or Scatophagidae. Because haploporid and atractotrematid cercariae have well-developed reproductive organs, we find cercariae of these closely related families morphologically distinguishable in the same way as adult trematodes: atractotrematids have two symmetrical testes and haploporids have a single testis or, rarely, two tandem or oblique testes.
Attitude–Scenario–Emotion (ASE) sentiments are superficial
Authors: Adair Heather , Carruthers Peter 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGervais & Fessler's (G&F's) Attitude–Scenario–Emotion (ASE) model reduces sentiments to superficial patterns of emotional responding that emerge when an underlying evaluative attitude interacts with appraisals of a range of specific scenarios. Thus construed, sentiments are epiphenomenal. We argue that G&F would do better to identify each sentiment (love, say) with the attitude that underlies and explains the patterns of emotional responding (in the case of love, this might be the attitude of valuing the good of a specific other).
Are sentiments subject to selection pressures? The case of oxytocin
Authors: Christie Chelsea D. , Chen Frances S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe argue that natural selection operates on emotional and cognitive capacities supporting the subjective experience of sentiments, rather than on discrete sentiments themselves. We support this argument by examining the case of oxytocin in relation to the sentiment of love. We also explore future directions for health psychology research that includes “cold” aspects of contempt in conjunction with “hot” aspects.
A sentimental education: The place of sentiments in personality and social psychology
Authors: Haslam Nick 
Published: November 2017

Abstract“Sentiment” is a potentially appealing concept for social and personality psychologists. It can render some complex affective phenomena theoretically tractable, help refine accounts of social perception, and illuminate some personality dispositions. The success of a future sentimental psychology depends on whether “sentiment” can be delimited as a distinct domain, and whether a credible classification of sentiments can be developed.
Differential effects of internal and external factors in early bilingual vocabulary learning: The case of Singapore
Authors: SUN HE , YIN BIN , AMSAH NUR FARINA BEGUM BINTE , O'BRIEN BETH ANN 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTBoth internal factors (e.g., nonverbal intelligence) and external factors (e.g., input quantity) are claimed to affect the rate of children's vocabulary development. However, it remains an open question whether these variables work similarly on bilingual children's dual language learning. The current paper examined this issue on 805 Singapore children (4 years, 1 month to 5 years, 8 months) who are learning English (societal language) and an ethnic language (Mandarin/Malay/Tamil). Singapore is a bilingual society; however, there is an inclination for English use at home in recent years, resulting in a discrepancy of input between English and ethnic languages in many families. In this study, internal and external factors were examined comprehensively with standardized tests and a parental questionnaire. Regression analysis was used to address the questions. There were statistically significant differences in language input quantity, quality, and output between English and ethnic language learning environments. Singapore children are learning English in an input-rich setting while learning their ethnic language in a comparatively input-poor setting. Multiple regressions revealed that while both sets of factors explained lexical knowledge in each language, the relative contribution is different for English and ethnic languages: internal factors explained more variance in English language vocabulary, whereas external factors were more important in explaining ethnic language knowledge. We attribute this difference to a threshold effect of external factors based on the critical mass hypothesis and call for special attention to learning context (input-rich vs. input-poor settings) for specific bilingual language studies.
PRIORITIES FOR HEALTH ECONOMIC METHODOLOGICAL RESEARCH: RESULTS OF AN EXPERT CONSULTATION
Authors: Tordrup David , Chouaid Christos , Cuijpers Pim , Dab William , van Dongen Johanna Maria , Espin Jaime , Jönsson Bengt , Léonard Christian , McDaid David , McKee Martin , Miguel José Pereira , Patel Anita , Reginster Jean-Yves , Ricciardi Walter , Rutten-van Molken Maureen , Rupel Valentina Prevolnik , Sach Tracey , Sassi Franco , Waugh Norman , Bertollini Roberto 
Published: October 2017

Background: The importance of economic evaluation in decision making is growing with increasing budgetary pressures on health systems. Diverse economic evidence is available for a range of interventions across national contexts within Europe, but little attention has been given to identifying evidence gaps that, if filled, could contribute to more efficient allocation of resources. One objective of the Research Agenda for Health Economic Evaluation project is to determine the most important methodological evidence gaps for the ten highest burden conditions in the European Union (EU), and to suggest ways of filling these gaps.Methods: The highest burden conditions in the EU by Disability Adjusted Life Years were determined using the Global Burden of Disease study. Clinical interventions were identified for each condition based on published guidelines, and economic evaluations indexed in MEDLINE were mapped to each intervention. A panel of public health and health economics experts discussed the evidence during a workshop and identified evidence gaps.Results: The literature analysis contributed to identifying cross-cutting methodological and technical issues, which were considered by the expert panel to derive methodological research priorities.Conclusions: The panel suggests a research agenda for health economics which incorporates the use of real-world evidence in the assessment of new and existing interventions; increased understanding of cost-effectiveness according to patient characteristics beyond the “-omics” approach to inform both investment and disinvestment decisions; methods for assessment of complex interventions; improved cross-talk between economic evaluations from health and other sectors; early health technology assessment; and standardized, transferable approaches to economic modeling.
Cardiovascular adaptation to extrauterine life after intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Rodriguez-Guerineau Luciana , Perez-Cruz Miriam , Gomez Roig María D. , Cambra Francisco J. , Carretero Juan , Prada Fredy , Gómez Olga , Crispi Fátima , Bartrons Joaquim 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe adaptive changes of the foetal heart in intrauterine growth restriction can persist postnatally. Data regarding its consequences for early circulatory adaptation to extrauterine life are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess cardiac morphometry and function in newborns with late-onset intrauterine growth restriction to test the hypothesis that intrauterine growth restriction causes cardiac shape and functional changes at birth.MethodsA comprehensive echocardiographic study was performed in 25 neonates with intrauterine growth restriction and 25 adequate-for-gestational-age neonates.ResultsCompared with controls, neonates with intrauterine growth restriction had more globular ventricles, lower longitudinal tricuspid annular motion, and higher left stroke volume without differences in the heart rate. Neonates with intrauterine growth restriction also showed subclinical signs of diastolic dysfunction in the tissue Doppler imaging with lower values of early (e′) diastolic annular peak velocities in the septal annulus. Finally, the Tei index in the tricuspid annulus was higher in the intrauterine growth restriction group.ConclusionNeonates with history of intrauterine growth restriction showed cardiac remodelling and signs of systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Overall, there was a significant tendency to worse cardiac function results in the right heart. The adaptation to extrauterine life occurred with more globular hearts, higher stroke volumes but a similar heart rate compared to adequate-for-gestational-age neonates.
The French national survey on food consumption of children under 3 years of age – Nutri-Bébé 2013: design, methodology, population sampling and feeding practices
Authors: Chouraqui Jean-Pierre , Tavoularis Gabriel , Emery Yves , Francou Aurée , Hébel Pascale , Bocquet Magali , Hankard Régis , Turck Dominique 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Objective
To update the data on food consumption and practices in children under 3 years of age in metropolitan France.

Design
The Nutri-Bébé 2013 cross-sectional study selected a random sample, according to the quota sampling method. After giving their informed consent, parents had to record the food consumption during three non-consecutive days framed by two face-to-face interviews, using for quantitative information different portion size measurement aids.

Results
One thousand one hundred and eighty-four children were enrolled. Mothers’ mean age was 30·8 (sd 5·4) years; 38 % were primiparous; 89 % lived with a partner; 60 % had an occupation. Of the infants younger than 4 months, 31 % were breast-fed. One thousand and thirty-five children consumed infant formula followed by growing-up milk in 63 % of them; solid foods were introduced at a mean age of 5·4 (sd 2·13) months. From 8 months onwards, 25 % of children consumed the same foods as their parents on a more or less regular basis; 29 % ate in front of a screen, with a daily average screen time of 43·0 (sd 40·4) min.

Conclusions
This robust survey highlights the low prevalence and duration of breast-feeding in France and shows a modest improvement since the previous survey of 2005 in the observance of recommendations concerning other feeding practices. The frequent consumption of adult foods and the screen time are of concern.
Prevalence of child-directed and general audience marketing strategies on the front of beverage packaging: the case of Chile
Authors: Mediano Stoltze Fernanda , Barker Joshua O , Kanter Rebecca , Corvalán Camila , Reyes Marcela , Taillie Lindsey Smith , Dillman Carpentier Francesca R 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveFront-of-package (FOP) marketing strategies of a wide variety of beverages were catalogued to examine the prevalence of each strategy prior to a sweeping Chilean restriction of child-directed marketing aimed at reducing obesity-related disease among Chile’s youth.DesignPhotographs of 1005 beverage packages were quantitatively content-analysed to code whether a variety of child-directed, health-oriented and other marketing strategies (e.g. sales promotions) were present on each product’s FOP. Strategies were then analysed based on beverages’ product category, total sugar, energy and tax status (beverages with added sugars are taxed at different rates).SettingPhotographs were taken in six urban supermarkets in Santiago, Chile, representing five different supermarket chains.ResultsBeverages using child-directed characters or nature/fruit references were higher in total sugar and beverages with child-directed characters or childhood/family references were higher in energy than beverages without these respective strategies. Of the beverages taxed at the highest rate (greatest amount of added sugars), 49 % used nutrition and health appeals and 80 % used nature or fruit appeals. Plain waters and plain milks were less likely than other selected product categories to use health-oriented appeals or multiple FOP strategies in combination.ConclusionsFOP marketing on beverages varied according to the nutritional quality of the product, with heavier use of health-oriented and child-directed strategies in less healthy products. Marketing activities warrant continued observation to evaluate how industry responds to new marketing restrictions as these restrictions are evaluated in the light of existing taxes and other regulatory efforts to improve diets and reduce obesity-related disease.
Imaging dose of megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) for treatment verification in the tomotherapy of breast cancer
Authors: Cheung K. W. , Sang K. K. , Lam H. I. , Chan W. M. , Wu P. M. , Choi H. F. , Ho Y. W. , Law M. Y. Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether significant difference exists on radiation dose delivered to organs at risks in megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) verification using three predefined scanning modes, namely fine (2 mm), normal (4 mm) and coarse (6 mm). This will provide information for the imaging protocol of tomotherapy for the left breast.Materials and methodsOrgan doses were measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100) placed within a female Rando phantom for MVCT imaging. Kruskal–Wallis test was conducted with p<0·05 to evaluate the significant difference between the three MVCT scanning modes.ResultsStatistically significant difference existed in organ absorbed dose between different scan mode selections (p<0·001). Relative to the normal scan selection (4 mm), the absorbed dose to the organs of interests can be scaled down by 0·7 and scaled up by 2·1 for coarse (6 mm) and fine scans (2 mm) respectively.ConclusionsOptimisation of imaging protocols is of paramount importance to keep the radiation exposure ‘as low as reasonably achievable’. The recommendation of undergoing daily coarse mode for MVCT verification in breast tomotherapy not only mitigates the radiation exposure to normal tissues, but also trims the scan-acquisition time.
A new molecular mechanism underlying the EGCG-mediated autophagic modulation of AFP in HepG2 cells
Authors: Zhao Lin , Liu Shengtang , Xu Jiaying , Li Wei , Duan Guangxin , Wang Haichao , Yang Huilin , Yang Zaixing , Zhou Ruhong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEpigallocatechingallate (EGCG) is a major bioactive component of green tea and is associated with health benefits against multiple diseases including cancer. As an indicator of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), high levels of α-fetal protein (AFP) are related to malignant differentiation and poor prognosis of cancer cells. In this study, EGCG can effectively reduce AFP secretion and simultaneously induce AFP aggregation in human HCC HepG2 cells. EGCG-stimulated autophagy induces the degradation of AFP aggregates in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, we thoroughly studied the underlying molecular mechanisms behind EGCG-stimulated autophagy by using large-scale all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, which revealed a novel molecular mechanism. EGCG directly interacts with LC3-I protein, readily exposing the pivotal Gly-120 site of the latter to other important binding partners such as 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and promoting the synthesis of LC3-II, a characteristic autophagosomal marker. Our results suggest that EGCG is critical in regulating AFP secretion and in modulating autophagic activities of HepG2 cells, providing a molecular basis for potentially preventing and treating HCC.
Multiple mechanisms mediating carbon monoxide inhibition of the voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.5
Authors: Al-Owais Moza M , Hettiarachchi Nishani T , Boyle John P , Scragg Jason L , Elies Jacobo , Dallas Mark L , Lippiat Jon D , Steele Derek S , Peers Chris 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe voltage-gated K+ channel has key roles in the vasculature and in atrial excitability and contributes to apoptosis in various tissues. In this study, we have explored its regulation by carbon monoxide (CO), a product of the cytoprotective heme oxygenase enzymes, and a recognized toxin. CO inhibited recombinant Kv1.5 expressed in HEK293 cells in a concentration-dependent manner that involved multiple signalling pathways. CO inhibition was partially reversed by superoxide dismutase mimetics and by suppression of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. CO also elevated intracellular nitric oxide (NO) levels. Prevention of NO formation also partially reversed CO inhibition of Kv1.5, as did inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase. CO also elevated intracellular peroxynitrite levels, and a peroxynitrite scavenger markedly attenuated the ability of CO to inhibit Kv1.5. CO caused nitrosylation of Kv1.5, an effect that was also observed in C331A and C346A mutant forms of the channel, which had previously been suggested as nitrosylation sites within Kv1.5. Augmentation of Kv1.5 via exposure to hydrogen peroxide was fully reversed by CO. Native Kv1.5 recorded in HL-1 murine atrial cells was also inhibited by CO. Action potentials recorded in HL-1 cells were increased in amplitude and duration by CO, an effect mimicked and occluded by pharmacological inhibition of Kv1.5. Our data indicate that Kv1.5 is a target for modulation by CO via multiple mechanisms. This regulation has important implications for diverse cellular functions, including excitability, contractility and apoptosis.