bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syncope During Competitive Events: Interrogating Heart Rate Monitor Watches May Be Useful!
Authors: Thabouillot Oscar , Bostanci Kevin , Bouvier Francois , Dumitrescu Nicolae , Stéfuriac Maria , Paule Philippe , Roche Nicolas-Charles 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis is a case report of a 45-year-old man who reported complete amnesia during the very first kilometer of a 10-km run. He was wearing a heart rate monitor (HRM). The interrogation of his HRM watch showed 200 bpm tachycardia beginning in the first kilometer and increasing up to 220 bpm during the last kilometer. The patient was asked to wear a Holter-monitor (Holter Research Laboratory; Helena, Montana USA) electrocardiogram (ECG) while practicing a training session. This examination allowed for the diagnosis of an adrenergic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) with an impressive auriculo-ventricular conduction over 260 bpm. This case highlights that non-medical devices, such as connected watches, can be helpful to diagnose arrhythmias.ThabouillotO, BostanciK, BouvierF, DumitrescuN, StéfuriacM, PauleP, RocheNC. Syncope during competitive events: interrogating heart rate monitor watches may be useful!Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(6):691–693
A Pilot Project Demonstrating that Combat Medics Can Safely Administer Parenteral Medications in the Emergency Department
Authors: Schauer Steven G. , Cunningham Cord W. , Fisher Andrew D. , DeLorenzo Robert A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionSelect units in the military have improved combat medic training by integrating their functions into routine clinical care activities with measurable improvements in battlefield care. This level of integration is currently limited to special operations units. It is unknown if regular Army units and combat medics can emulate these successes. The goal of this project was to determine whether US Army combat medics can be integrated into routine emergency department (ED) clinical care, specifically medication administration.Project DesignThis was a quality assurance project that monitored training of combat medics to administer parenteral medications and to ensure patient safety. Combat medics were provided training that included direct supervision during medication administration. Once proficiency was demonstrated, combat medics would prepare the medications under direct supervision, followed by indirect supervision during administration. As part of the quality assurance and safety processes, combat medics were required to document all medication administrations, supervising provider, and unexpected adverse events. Additional quality assurance follow-up occurred via complete chart review by the project lead.DataDuring the project period, the combat medics administered the following medications: ketamine (n=13), morphine (n=8), ketorolac (n=7), fentanyl (n=5), ondansetron (n=4), and other (n=6). No adverse events or patient safety events were reported by the combat medics or discovered during the quality assurance process.ConclusionsIn this limited case series, combat medics safely administered parenteral medications under indirect provider supervision. Future research is needed to further develop this training model for both the military and civilian setting.SchauerSG,CunninghamCW,FisherAD,DeLorenzoRA.A pilot project demonstrating that combat medics can safely administer parenteral medications in the emergency department.Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(6):679–681.
Hemojuvelin regulates the innate immune response to peritoneal bacterial infection in mice
Authors: Wu Qian , Shen Yuanyuan , Tao Yunlong , Wei Jiayu , Wang Hao , An Peng , Zhang Zhuzhen , Gao Hong , Zhou Tianhua , Wang Fudi , Min Junxia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHereditary hemochromatosis and iron imbalance are associated with susceptibility to bacterial infection; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we performedin vivobacterial infection screening using several mouse models of hemochromatosis, includingHfe(Hfe−/−),hemojuvelin(Hjv−/−), and macrophage-specificferroportin-1(Fpn1fl/fl;LysM-Cre+) knockout mice. We found thatHjv−/−mice, but notHfe−/−orFpn1fl/fl;LysM-Cre+mice, are highly susceptible to peritoneal infection by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Interestingly, phagocytic cells in the peritoneum ofHjv−/−mice have reduced bacterial clearance, IFN-γ secretion, and nitric oxide production; in contrast, both cell migration and phagocytosis are normal. ExpressingHjvin RAW264.7 cells increased the level of phosphorylated Stat1 and nitric oxide production. Moreover, macrophage-specificHjvknockout mice are susceptible to bacterial infection. Finally, we found that Hjv facilitates the secretion of IFN-γ via the IL-12/Jak2/Stat4 signaling pathway. Together, these findings reveal a novel protective role of Hjv in the early stages of antimicrobial defense.
Diffusive and arrested transport of atoms under tailored disorder
Authors: An Fangzhao Alex , Meier Eric J. , Gadway Bryce 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUltracold atoms in optical lattices offer a unique platform for investigating disorder-driven phenomena. While static disordered site potentials have been explored in a number of experiments, a more general, dynamical control over site-energy and off-diagonal tunnelling disorder has been lacking. The use of atomic quantum states as synthetic dimensions has introduced the spectroscopic, site-resolved control necessary to engineer more tailored realisations of disorder. Here, we present explorations of dynamical and tunneling disorder in an atomic system by controlling laser-driven dynamics of atomic population in a momentum-space lattice. By applying static tunnelling phase disorder to a one-dimensional lattice, we observe ballistic quantum spreading. When the applied disorder fluctuates on time scales comparable to intersite tunnelling, we instead observe diffusive atomic transport, signalling a crossover from quantum to classical expansion dynamics. We compare these observations to the case of static site-energy disorder, where we directly observe quantum localisation.
Extracellular-matrix-mediated osmotic pressure drives Vibrio cholerae biofilm expansion and cheater exclusion
Authors: Yan Jing , Nadell Carey D. , Stone Howard A. , Wingreen Ned S. , Bassler Bonnie L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBiofilms, surface-attached communities of bacteria encased in an extracellular matrix, are a major mode of bacterial life. How the material properties of the matrix contribute to biofilm growth and robustness is largely unexplored, in particular in response to environmental perturbations such as changes in osmotic pressure. Here, usingVibrio choleraeas our model organism, we show that during active cell growth, matrix production enables biofilm-dwelling bacterial cells to establish an osmotic pressure difference between the biofilm and the external environment. This pressure difference promotes biofilm expansion on nutritious surfaces by physically swelling the colony, which enhances nutrient uptake, and enables matrix-producing cells to outcompete non-matrix-producing cheaters via physical exclusion. Osmotic pressure together with crosslinking of the matrix also controls the growth of submerged biofilms and their susceptibility to invasion by planktonic cells. As the basic physicochemical principles of matrix crosslinking and osmotic swelling are universal, our findings may have implications for other biofilm-forming bacterial species.
Hepatic overproduction of 13-HODE due to ALOX15 upregulation contributes to alcohol-induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Zhang Wenliang , Zhong Wei , Sun Qian , Sun Xinguo , Zhou Zhanxiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChronic alcohol feeding causes lipid accumulation and apoptosis in the liver. This study investigated the role of bioactive lipid metabolites in alcohol-induced liver damage and tested the potential of targeting arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) in treating alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Results showed that chronic alcohol exposure induced hepatocyte apoptosis in association with increased hepatic 13-HODE. Exposure of 13-HODE to Hepa-1c1c7 cells induced oxidative stress, ER stress and apoptosis. 13-HODE also perturbed proteins related to lipid metabolism. HODE-generating ALOX15 was up-regulated by chronic alcohol exposure. Linoleic acid, but not ethanol or acetaldehyde, induced ALOX15 expression in Hepa-1c1c7 cells. ALOX15 knockout prevented alcohol-induced liver damage via attenuation of oxidative stress, ER stress, lipid metabolic disorder, and cell death signaling. ALOX15 inhibitor (PD146176) treatment also significantly alleviated alcohol-induced oxidative stress, lipid accumulation and liver damage. These results demonstrated that activation of ALOX15/13-HODE circuit critically mediates the pathogenesis of ALD. This study suggests that ALOX15 is a potential molecular target for treatment of ALD.
Attraction Effect in Risky Choice Can Be Explained by Subjective Distance Between Choice Alternatives
Authors: Mohr Peter N. C. , Heekeren Hauke R. , Rieskamp Jörg 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIndividuals make decisions under risk throughout daily life. Standard models of economic decision making typically assume that people evaluate choice options independently. There is, however, substantial evidence showing that this independence assumption is frequently violated in decision making without risk. The present study extends these findings to the domain of decision making under risk. To explain the independence violations, we adapted a sequential sampling model, namely Multialternative Decision Field Theory (MDFT), to decision making under risk and showed how this model can account for the observed preference shifts. MDFT not only better predicts choices compared with the standard Expected Utility Theory, but it also explains individual differences in the size of the observed context effect. Evidence in favor of the chosen option, as predicted by MDFT, was positively correlated with brain activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and negatively correlated with brain activity in the anterior insula (aINS). From a neuroscience perspective, the results of the present study show that specific brain regions, such as the mOFC and aINS, not only code the value or risk of a single choice option but also code the evidence in favor of the best option compared with other available choice options.
The mean and variance of climate change in the oceans: hidden evolutionary potential under stochastic environmental variability in marine sticklebacks
Authors: Shama Lisa N. S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIncreasing climate variability may pose an even greater risk to species than climate warming because temperature fluctuations can amplify adverse impacts of directional warming on fitness-related traits. Here, the influence of directional warming and increasing climate variability on marine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) offspring size variation was investigated by simulating changes to the mean and variance of ocean temperatures predicted under climate change. Reproductive traits of mothers and offspring size reaction norms across four climate scenarios were examined to assess the roles of standing genetic variation, transgenerational and within-generation plasticity in adaptive potential. Mothers acclimated to directional warming produced smaller eggs than mothers in constant, ambient temperatures, whereas mothers in a predictably variable environment (weekly change between temperatures) produced a range of egg sizes, possibly reflecting a diversified bet hedging strategy. Offspring size post-hatch was mostly influenced by genotype by environment interactions and not transgenerational effects. Offspring size reaction norms also differed depending on the type of environmental predictability (predictably variable vs. stochastic), with offspring reaching the largest sizes in the stochastic environment. Release of cryptic genetic variation for offspring size in the stochastic environment suggests hidden evolutionary potential in this wild population to respond to changes in environmental predictability.
Al-doped ZnO/Ag-nanowire Composite Electrodes for Flexible 3-Dimensional Nanowire Solar Cells
Authors: Pathirane Minoli K. , Hosseinzadeh Khaligh Hadi , Goldthorpe Irene A. , Wong William S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSilver nanowires in conjunction with sputter-coated Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were used as a composite transparent top electrode for hybrid radial-junction ZnO nanowire/a-Si:H p-i-n thin-film solar cells. Solar cells with the composite nanowire top contacts attained a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 13.9 mA/cm2 and a fill factor (FF) of 62% on glass substrates while a Jsc of 13.0 mA/cm2 and FF of 62% was achieved on plastic substrates. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the 3-dimensional solar cells improved by up to 60% compared to using AZO electrodes alone due to enhanced coverage of the top electrode over the 3-D structures, decreasing the series resistance of the device by 5×. The composite layer also showed a 10× reduction in sheet resistance compared to the AZO thin-film contact under applied mechanical strain.
In vivo label-free structural and biochemical imaging of coronary arteries using an integrated ultrasound and multispectral fluorescence lifetime catheter system
Authors: Bec Julien , Phipps Jennifer E. , Gorpas Dimitris , Ma Dinglong , Fatakdawala Hussain , Margulies Kenneth B. , Southard Jeffrey A. , Marcu Laura 
Published: August 2017

AbstractExisting clinical intravascular imaging modalities are not capable of accurate detection of critical plaque pathophysiology in the coronary arteries. This study reports the first intravascular catheter combining intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) with multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) that enables label-free simultaneous assessment of morphological and biochemical features of coronary vessels in vivo. A 3.7 Fr catheter with a fiber-optic channel was constructed based on a 40 MHz clinical IVUS catheter. The ability to safely acquire co-registered FLIm-IVUS data in vivo using Dextran40 solution flushing was demonstrated in swine coronary arteries. FLIm parameters from the arterial wall were consistent with the emission of fluorophores present in healthy arterial wall (collagen, elastin). Additionally, structural and biochemical features from atherosclerotic lesions were acquired in ex vivo human coronary samples and corroborated with histological findings. Current results show that FLIm parameters linked to the amount of structural proteins (e.g. collagen, elastin) and lipids (e.g. foam cells, extracellular lipids) in the first 200 μm of the intima provide important biochemical information that can supplement IVUS data for a comprehensive assessment of plaques pathophysiology. The unique FLIm-IVUS system evaluated here has the potential to provide a comprehensive insight into atherosclerotic lesion formation, diagnostics and response to therapy.
Classification of M1/M2-polarized human macrophages by label-free hyperspectral reflectance confocal microscopy and multivariate analysis
Authors: Bertani Francesca R. , Mozetic Pamela , Fioramonti Marco , Iuliani Michele , Ribelli Giulia , Pantano Francesco , Santini Daniele , Tonini Giuseppe , Trombetta Marcella , Businaro Luca , Selci Stefano , Rainer Alberto 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe possibility of detecting and classifying living cells in a label-free and non-invasive manner holds significant theranostic potential. In this work, Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) has been successfully applied to the analysis of macrophagic polarization, given its central role in several pathological settings, including the regulation of tumour microenvironment. Human monocyte derived macrophages have been investigated using hyperspectral reflectance confocal microscopy, and hyperspectral datasets have been analysed in terms of M1 vs. M2 polarization by Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Following PCA, Linear Discriminant Analysis has been implemented for semi-automatic classification of macrophagic polarization from HSI data. Our results confirm the possibility to perform single-cell-level in vitro classification of M1 vs. M2 macrophages in a non-invasive and label-free manner with a high accuracy (above 98% for cells deriving from the same donor), supporting the idea of applying the technique to the study of complex interacting cellular systems, such in the case of tumour-immunity in vitro models.
In vivo assessment of macula in eyes of healthy children 8 to 16 years old using optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Zhang Zhengwei , Huang Xiaoli , Meng Xiaomei , Chen Tiantian , Gu Yan , Wu Yan , Wu Zhifeng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the vascular flow density (VD) of macular superficial (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris and the size of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in healthy children using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The potential associations of age, sex, intraocular pressure, body mass index, spherical equivalent, and axial length with OCTA parameters were also investigated. A total of 75 eyes from 75 healthy children were included for analysis, with the mean age 11.51 ± 1.91 years (range, 8–16 years). At the level of the SCP, mean VD and mean FAZ area were, respectively, 54.29 ± 2.25% and 0.290 ± 0.109 mm2. At the level of the DCP and choriocapillaris, mean VD were 60.19 ± 1.76% and 66.58 ± 1.33%, respectively. After adjustment on the signal strength index, there was no significant correlation between age and all OCTA parameters. Intra-observer repeatability was 0.91, 0.82, and 0.88 in the SCP, DCP and choriocapillaris, respectively. In healthy eyes of children, only sex has a significant influence on the FAZ area. OCTA may provide a noninvasive and reliable approach for evaluating macular perfusion in children, although sex-related variations should be considered.
Magnetic properties of individual Co2FeGa Heusler nanoparticles studied at room temperature by a highly sensitive co-resonant cantilever sensor
Authors: Körner Julia , Reiche Christopher F. , Ghunaim Rasha , Fuge Robert , Hampel Silke , Büchner Bernd , Mühl Thomas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe investigation of properties of nanoparticles is an important task to pave the way for progress and new applications in many fields of research like biotechnology, medicine and magnetic storage techniques. The study of nanoparticles with ever decreasing size is a challenge for commonly employed methods and techniques. It requires increasingly complex measurement setups, often low temperatures and a size reduction of the respective sensors to achieve the necessary sensitivity and resolution. Here, we present results on how magnetic properties of individual nanoparticles can be measured at room temperature and with a conventional scanning force microscopy setup combined with a co-resonant cantilever magnetometry approach. We investigate individual Co2FeGa Heusler nanoparticles with diameters of the order of 35 nm encapsulated in carbon nanotubes. We observed, for the first time, magnetic switching of these nanoparticles in an external magnetic field by simple laser deflection detection. Furthermore, we were able to deduce magnetic properties of these nanoparticles which are in good agreement with previous results obtained with large nanoparticle ensembles in other experiments. In order to do this, we expand the analytical description of the frequency shift signal in cantilever magnetometry to a more general formulation, taking unaligned sensor oscillation directions with respect to the magnetic field into account.
Development of a comprehensive set of tools for genome engineering in a cold- and thermo-tolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus yeast strain
Authors: Nambu-Nishida Yumiko , Nishida Keiji , Hasunuma Tomohisa , Kondo Akihiko 
Published: August 2017

AbstractKluyveromyces marxianus, a non-conventional thermotolerant yeast, is potentially useful for production of ethanol and other products. This species has a strong tendency to randomly integrate transforming DNA fragments, making necessary the development of more precise methods for gene targeting. In this study, we first demonstrated thatK. marxianusNBRC1777 is cold-tolerant, and then established a highly efficient and precise technique for gene editing by introducing genes encoding deaminase-mediated targeted point mutagenesis (Target-AID) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas9). We used Target-AID to introduce targeted point mutations that disruptedNej1orDnl4, genes that are involved in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Both of the resulting mutant strains showed enhanced proportions of homology-mediated integration compared to the wild-type parent. In combination with target cleavage by CRISPR-Cas9, markerless integration was performed using short (~50 bp) flanking homologous sequences. Together, these tools render this species fully tractable for gene manipulation, permitting targeted genetic changes in the cold- and thermo-tolerant yeastK. marxianus.
The human IL-17A/F heterodimer: a two-faced cytokine with unique receptor recognition properties
Authors: Goepfert Arnaud , Lehmann Sylvie , Wirth Emmanuelle , Rondeau Jean-Michel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIL-17A and IL-17F are prominent members of the IL-17 family of cytokines that regulates both innate and adaptive immunity. IL-17A has been implicated in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and anti-IL-17A antibodies have shown remarkable clinical efficacy in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis patients. IL-17A and IL-17F are homodimeric cytokines that can also form the IL-17A/F heterodimer whose precise role in health and disease remains elusive. All three cytokines signal through the assembly of a ternary complex with the IL-17RA and IL-17RC receptors. Here we report the X-ray analysis of the human IL-17A/F heterodimer that reveals a two-faced cytokine closely mimicking IL-17A as well as IL-17F. We also present the crystal structure of its complex with the IL-17RA receptor. Unexpectedly in view of the much higher affinity of this receptor toward IL-17A, we find that IL-17RA is bound to the “F-face” of the heterodimer in the crystal. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we then demonstrate that IL-17RA can also bind to the “A-face” of IL-17A/F with similar affinity. Further, we show that IL-17RC does not discriminate between the two faces of the cytokine heterodimer either, thus enabling the formation of two topologically-distinct heterotrimeric complexes with potentially different signaling properties.