bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parochial Compliance: Young Children's Biased Consideration of Authorities’ Preferences Regarding Intergroup Interactions
Authors: Benozio Avi , Diesendruck Gil 
Published: October 2016

Prosocial behavior is arguably influenced by an interaction between intrinsic dispositions (e.g., group bias) and extrinsic factors (e.g., institutional regulations). The current study investigated this interaction developmentally. Preschoolers (3‐ to 4‐year‐olds) and kindergarteners (5‐ to 6‐year‐olds;N = 111) participated in a resource distribution task in which they had to consider both the recipients’ group membership (minimal color‐based groups), and their own teachers’ preferences regarding how to distribute (give “all” or “none”). The results revealed that only kindergarteners were influenced by the experimental factors and differently across genders. Specifically, when the recommendation was to give “none,” girls followed it indiscriminately toward in‐ and out‐group recipients, but boys did so only toward out‐group recipients. Thus, boys exploited an authority's legitimization to act antisocially, according to a parochial bias.
Evaluative Conditioning and the Development of Attitudes in Early Childhood
Authors: Halbeisen Georg , Walther Eva , Schneider Michael 
Published: October 2016

Many attitudes are acquired in early childhood. However, due to a lack of experimental research, little is known about the processes of how they are acquired. Two experiments were therefore conducted with 153 German kindergarten children aged 3–6 years that provide first evidence for childhood attitude formation in terms of evaluative conditioning. Specifically, it was found that children preferred novel stimuli previously paired with liked stimuli over novel stimuli previously paired with disliked stimuli. This effect occurred independently of age, generalized toward similar novel stimuli, and did not depend on children's recollection of how stimuli were paired. The findings are discussed in terms of the processes underlying childhood attitude formation, and implications for related research areas are highlighted.
Oral health status of children and young adults with autism spectrum disorders: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: da Silva Silvana Nunes , Gimenez Thais , Souza Rafael Celestino , Mello‐Moura Anna Carolina Volpi , Raggio Daniela Prócida , Morimoto Susana , Lara Juan Sebastian , Soares Giovana Correia , Tedesco Tamara Kerber 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackgroundIndividuals with special needs are often affected by oral disorders such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Current data regarding prevalence of these conditions in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are controversial.AimTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to verify the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in individuals with ASD, especially children and young adults.DesignSearches were conducted through MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases in December 2015. Studies were included if fulfilled the following eligibility criteria: to evaluate the oral health status of individuals with ASD; to be an observational study; and to assess the prevalence of dental caries and/or periodontal disease. Meta‐analyses were conducted considering prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in individuals as outcome.ResultsSearch strategy identified 928 potentially relevant articles and seven of them were included in this review. All included studies reported dental caries prevalence, and the pooled prevalence was 60.6% (95% CI: 44.0–75.1). Moreover, only three studies showed prevalence of periodontal disease, resulting in pooled prevalence of 69.4% (95% CI: 47.6–85.0).ConclusionPrevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in children and young adults with ASD can be considered as high, pointing to the need for oral health policies focused on these individuals.
Crystallization kinetics and enhanced Bi NIR luminescence of transparent silicate glass‐ceramics containing Sr2YbF7 nanocrystals
Authors: Li Xiaoman , Hu Fangfang , Peng Mingying , Zhang Qinyuan , Yin Min 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBismuth‐doped glasses and crystals have been widely investigated due to their intriguing potential applications in superbroadband fiber amplifier and lasers in new NIR spectral range. However, few reports have been devoted so far to bismuth‐doped transparent glass‐ceramics. Here, this work reports on bismuth‐doped silicate glasses and glass‐ceramics, which were prepared by melt‐quenching and consequent annealing processes, respectively. On the basis of the analyses on crystallization kinetics, nucleation and growth rate of crystalline phase can be modulated and Sr2YbF7 nanophase can, therefore, be precipitated uniformly inside the glass matrix in a controlled way to maintain proper transparence especially in optical telecommunication windows. Once the nanophase comes into being, enhanced bismuth NIR luminescence can be observed by more than 40 times upon excitation of 470 nm. Similar enhancement can appear upon different excitation schemes and the mechanism is discussed accordingly. Such Bi doped transparent glass‐ceramics with improved luminescence efficiency might find application in fiber lasers for future optical fiber communication.
The impact of fraudulent and irreproducible data to the translational research crisis – solutions and implementation
Authors: Schulz Jörg B. , Cookson Mark R. , Hausmann Laura 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOne of the aims of basic neuroscience research is ultimately the development of therapeutics to cure diseases. Funders granting money to research institutions increasingly express interest into how their financial resources are used and look for successful translation in clinical practice. Disappointingly, many findings that started out promising in basic research projects and phase I trials did not live up to the promise of therapeutic efficacy in later phase II or III trials. An inordinately high amount of time and money is thus spent on research that does not always have the required human impact. Potential reasons for these problems are numerous. Although research misconduct occurs and contributes to this shortcoming, it is not the only important factor. Frequently, basic science results turn out to be irreproducible. Irreproducibility, outside of malfeasance, is multifactorial and can include poor experimental design, conduct, statistical analysis, reporting standards, and conceptual flaws. Further confounding problems include an insufficient transferability of animal to human physiology, as well as intersubject group variability, for example, sexual dimorphisms. While the causes of poor data reproducibility are therefore numerous, equally there are many groups that can contribute to improvements in how basic science is reported. Here, we will review how the Journal of Neurochemistry can contribute to increasing the value of preclinical and translational research.
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Despite a vast amount of very promising basic research findings, these failed to successfully translate into the clinical practice so far. The reasons for this ‘data reproducibility crisis’ are numerous, for example, rooting in insufficient experimental design, conceptual flaws, incorrect statistical planning and evaluation, incomplete model system that do not adequately reproduce the human physiology, and further reasons discussed in this Review with the aim to present practical solutions that can be implemented by researchers, journals editors, and reviewers. We will also explain measures the Journal of Neurochemistry have implemented to overcome these issues and weaknesses in preclinical research. These includes adherence to the ARRIVE ( www.nc3rs.org) guidelines, NINDS standards (doi: 10.1038/nature11556), and The Transparency and Openness Promotion Guidelines (TOP) Committee guidelines (https://cos.io/top/#TOP).This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
Percutaneous interventional management of biliary complications after pediatric liver transplantation: A 16‐year single‐institution experience
Authors: Prajapati Hasmukh J. , Kavali Pavan , Kim Hyun S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the BiCx after the pediatric OLT and to assess the efficacy of the fluoroscopic‐guided PBI in the patients with BiCx as compared to the SR. A total of 340 OLTs were performed in 302 patients over the last 16 years. The inclusion criteria were the presence of BS or BL as a complication after OLT. The management of the BiCx was studied. Graft revision, graft loss, and survival were evaluated following PBI and SR. BiCx occurred in 17.1% (58/339) of the transplants; 6.2% (21/339) of transplants demonstrated BL and 12.7% (43/339) of the transplants had BS. Overall graft survival rates at 1 and 3 years in OLT with BL treated with PBI were 75.0% and 68.8% as compared with 75% and 66.7% in OLT treated with SR (P>.05). Overall graft survival rates at 1 and 3 years in OLT with BS treated with PBI were 70.6% and 54.5% as compared with 71.4% and 50% in OLT with SR or ERCP, respectively (P>.05). Based on the results, we conclude that PBI is as effective as SR in patients with the BL and BS after OLT.
Robust Estimation of Encouragement Design Intervention Effects Transported Across Sites
Authors: Rudolph Kara E. , Laan Mark J. 
Published: October 2016

Summary
We develop robust targeted maximum likelihood estimators (TMLEs) for transporting intervention effects from one population to another. Specifically, we develop TMLEs for three transported estimands: the intent-to-treat average treatment effect (ATE) and complier ATE, which are relevant for encouragement design interventions and instrumental variable analyses, and the ATE of the exposure on the outcome, which is applicable to any randomized or observational study. We demonstrate finite sample performance of these TMLEs by using simulation, including in the presence of practical violations of the positivity assumption. We then apply these methods to the ‘Moving to opportunity’ trial: a multisite, encouragement design intervention in which families in public housing were randomized to receive housing vouchers and logistical support to move to low poverty neighbourhoods. This application sheds light on whether effect differences across sites can be explained by differences in population composition.
Measurements of scar properties by SkinFibroMeter®, SkinGlossMeter®, and Mexameter® and comparison with Vancouver Scar Scale
Authors: Seo S. R. , Kang N. O. , Yoon M. S. , Lee H. J. , Kim D. H. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundAn objective measurement of scar is important for evaluating treatment outcomes. However, to date, there is no ‘gold standard’ for quantitative measurement of properties of hypertrophic scar. Existing objective modalities are neither portable nor easy to use.ObjectiveThis study aims to validate the correlation between objective measurements with SkinFibrometer®, SkinGlossMeter®, and Mexameter® and subjective assessment with Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) of keloid and hypertrophic scar.MethodsA total of 25 patients with keloids and hypertrophic scars were enrolled in this study. Patients were treated with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide at 2–6 week intervals. Scar assessments using VSS, Skinfibrometer, Skinglossmeter, and Mexameter were performed in both scars and contralateral normal skin at each treatment session. Correlations between the measurements by these tools and VSS parameters were examined.ResultsWe found statistically significant differences between scar and contralateral normal skin using Skinfibrometer, Skinglossmeter, and Mexameter. A strong correlation was found between the VSS pliability scores and the stiffness of skin of Skinfibrometer (r = 0.628, P < 0.001). VSS vascularity scores showed weak correlation with erythema index of Mexameter (r = 0.372, P < 0.001). However, no correlation appeared to exist between any parameters of VSS and Skinglossmeter and between VSS pigmentation scores and the melanin index of Mexameter.ConclusionIn our study, Skinfibrometer can be an objective noninvasive evaluation tool for pliability of the scar.
Is Color Experience Cognitively Penetrable?
Authors: Brogaard Berit , Gatzia Dimitria E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIs color experience cognitively penetrable? Some philosophers have recently argued that it is. In this paper, we take issue with the claim that color experience is cognitively penetrable. We argue that the notion of cognitive penetration that has recently dominated the literature is flawed since it fails to distinguish between the modulation of perceptual content by non‐perceptual principles and genuine cognitive penetration. We use this distinction to show that studies suggesting that color experience can be modulated by factors of the cognitive system do not establish that color experience is cognitively penetrable. Additionally, we argue that even if color experience turns out to be modulated by color‐related beliefs and knowledge beyond non‐perceptual principles, it does not follow that color experience is cognitively penetrable since the experiences of determinate hues involve post‐perceptual processes. We conclude with a brief discussion of the implications that these ideas may have on debates in philosophy.
Introducing CS to newcomers, and JES as a teaching tool
Authors: Barr Valerie , Guzdial Mark 
Published: October 2016

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Valerie Barr gets high schoolers thinking about CS, while Mark Guzdial mulls the benefits of Jython Environment for Students.
E os Pomos eram de Ouro: A importância da Citricultura de Nova Iguaçu para a economia fluminense e brasileira nas décadas de 1920 à de 1940
Authors: Souza Ricardo Luiz 
Published: October 2016

O presente trabalho possui como objetivos principais, esmiuçar a evolução da Citricultura no país e o seu grande desenvolvimento no município fluminense de Nova Iguaçu, no período compreendido entre as décadas de 1920 e 1940 do século XX. Não obstante, será também analisado nesse trabalho, como a laranja desenvolveu-se como uma alternativa de diversificação econômica, com o intuito de suprimir a grande dependência das exportações do café e como tal produto irá encontrar as condições para se desenvolver em Nova Iguaçu. Assim, discutiremos os incentivos, deliberações e políticas estatais para a laranja ser comercializada com a devida qualidade e pujança, com a adoção dos Packing Houses, entre outras medidas, além é claro, como o boom da produção e exportação de laranjas trará recursos financeiros para o Estado Brasileiro e Fluminense.
Rhododendron longipedicellatum (Ericaceae), a new species from Southeastern Yunnan, China
Authors: CAI LEI , NEILSEN JENS , DAO ZHI-LING , MA YONG-PENG 
Published: October 2016

A new species of Rhododendron (Ericaceae) in sect. Vireya subsect. Pseudovireya from Malipo County, Southeast Yunnan, China, R. longipedicellatum, is described and illustrated. The new species is most similar to R. rushforthii but differs in its arrangement of leaves, the shape and color of the lamina, length of the petiole and the size of the calyx lobes. It also resembles R. trancongii and R. Datiandingense, but differs in its color and shape of the lamina, the leaf apex, lengths of the petiole, pedicel and stamens, and the indumentum of the ovary.
Soil Apparent Thermal Diffusivity Estimated by Conduction and by Conduction–Convection Heat Transfer Models
Authors: Tong Bing , Gao Zhiqiu , Horton Robert , Wang Linlin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Soil heat transfer is complex, and conduction-alone models may not always perform well in estimating soil apparent thermal diffusivity. Soil apparent thermal diffusivity is related to soil temperature change propagation rates. Soil temperature data collected at the Tazhong station in China were used to examine the characteristics of soil apparent thermal diffusivity determined by three different algorithms and the sum of vertical gradient of soil apparent thermal diffusivity and apparent water flux density . The results showed that 1) soil apparent thermal diffusivity obtained with a conduction–convection algorithm had a better agreement with soil apparent thermal diffusivity obtained with a phase algorithm than with soil apparent thermal diffusivity obtained with an amplitude algorithm except for the case of = 0; 2) when &gt; 0, , and when &lt; 0, ; 3) for a given soil temperature phase shift, increased (decreased) with increasing logarithmic amplitude attenuation when the phase shift was larger (smaller) than the logarithmic amplitude attenuation, reached a maximum value when the phase shift equaled the logarithmic amplitude attenuation, and increased with increasing logarithmic amplitude attenuation; and 4) for a given logarithmic amplitude attenuation, decreased with increasing phase shift and increased (decreased) with increasing phase shift when the phase shift was larger (smaller) than times the logarithmic amplitude attenuation. These mathematical conclusions were also confirmed with field data.
How I treat cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Muchtar Eli , Magen Hila , Gertz Morie A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Cryoglobulinemia is a distinct entity characterized by the presence of cryoglobulins in the serum. Cryoglobulins differ in their composition, which has an impact on the clinical presentation and the underlying disease that triggers cryoglobulin formation. Cryoglobulinemia is categorized into two main subgroups: type I, which is seen exclusively in clonal hematologic diseases, and type II/III, which is called mixed cryoglobulinemia and is seen in hepatitis C virus infection and systemic diseases such as B-cell lineage hematologic malignancies and connective tissue disorders. Clinical presentation is broad and varies between types but includes arthralgia, purpura, skin ulcers, glomerulonephritis, and peripheral neuropathy. Life-threatening manifestations can develop in a small proportion of patients. A full evaluation for the underlying cause is required, because each type requires a different kind of treatment, which should be tailored on the basis of disease severity, underlying disease, and prior therapies. Relapses can be frequent and can result in significant morbidity and cumulative organ impairment. We explore the spectrum of this heterogeneous disease by discussing the disease characteristics of 5 different patients.
Case Report: X-linked recessive anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency and an unusual Aspergillus infection
Authors: Shokuhfar Tahaamin , Mo’mmen Zahra , Panah Elnaz , Alborzei Abdollvahhab , Torabi Sagvand Babak , Aghamohamadi Asghar 
Published: October 2016

NEMO (NF-kB essential modulator) is a regulatory factor involved in signaling pathways of the innate and adaptative immune systems. Hypomorphic mutation of the NEMO gene (also called IKBKG gene) on the X chromosome leads to X-linked recessive anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency. Affected male children present a developmental phenotype with hypotrichosis, hypohydrosis, and hypodontia with conical incisors and susceptibility to pyogenic bacteria, mycobacteria and viruses. Most also have impaired antibody response to polysaccharide antigens. Here we present the case of a 7-year-old boy with disseminated BCGitis and unusual Aspergillus infection who was later diagnosed with a homozygous mutation of the NEMO gene. Appropriate long term anti-mycobacterial medications, prophylactic anti-fungal therapy and current monthly intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) stabilized the patient’s condition and has significantly improved his general health. High incidence of atypical mycobacterial infection in such cases emphasize the need for prophylaxis. In conclusion, attention to gender, pattern of infections, and precise physical exam helped us to diagnose and appropriately manage this case. We propose prophylactic therapy for mycobacterial and opportunistic infections after the confirmation of homozygous NEMO gene mutation.
ЗМІНИ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ЕРИТРОЦИТІВ У СОБАК
Authors: Anforova M.V. , Golovakha V.I. , Piddubnyak O.V. , Tyshkivskyy M.J. 
Published: October 2016

One of the most important indicators is the assessment of erythroсytopoezis is acid resistance of erythrocytes and their population composition. Changes in these parameters are the most studied in humans, cattle and horses. In small animals, including dogs, the issue is not highlighted enough. Therefore, the study of changes of erytroсytopoezis by using these tests is important. The study erythroсytopoezis parameters was performed in dogs of all ages (1.5–year, 3 – 6 years and 7 and older years of age). It was found that in clinically healthy dogs generall erythroсytopoezis indicators (total number of red blood cells, hemoglobin content, hematocrit value, the index «red» blood – МСН and МСV), regardless of age, did not significantly change. Yet in dogs older than 7 years there were found some changes on the the part of erythroсytopoezis. This was pointed by the changes of the population composition of red blood cells and their acid resistance. In particular, the animals showed an increased number of «old» populations of red blood cells and some changes of their hemolytic resistance. Particularly, the height of the erytrohram peak was 15% higher than in younger animals. The very peak was sharp, indicating the rapid destruction of the «young» red cells and degeneration of their lipid membranes.