bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of transformational leadership on nurse work outcomes
Authors: Brewer Carol S. , Kovner Christine T. , Djukic Maja , Fatehi Farida , Greene William , Chacko Thomas P. , Yang Yulin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimsTo examine the effect of transformational leadership on early career nurses' intent to stay, job satisfaction and organizational commitment.BackgroundLack of leadership support is one of the top reasons staff nurses leave. Current studies reported mixed results about the impact of transformational leadership on key nurse outcomes. However, little is known whether leadership directly or indirectly affects satisfaction, organizational commitment and intent to stay.DesignThis study was a cross‐sectional study of nurses who had been licensed for 7·5‐8·5 years which was part of a 10‐year longitudinal panel design.MethodsThe analytic sample was 1037 nationally representative newly licensed Registered Nurses. Data were collected from January–March 2013. We used a probit model to model the relationship between transformational leadership and intent to stay, organizational commitment and job satisfaction.ResultsTransformational leadership did not have a significant impact on intent to stay and job satisfaction, but significantly associated with organizational commitment. Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, mentor support, promotional opportunities and age were positively associated with intent to stay, while ethnicity, non‐local job opportunities and work settings were negatively associated with intent to stay.ConclusionsTransformational leadership had no direct relationship with intent to stay and job satisfaction and had a small direct positive effect on organizational commitment. Transformational leadership has potential to slow attrition and retain nurses by creating a positive work environment that supports nurses. Any improvement in job satisfaction and organizational commitment would positively increase the change in probability for intent to stay.
TOX expression and role in CTCL
Authors: McGirt L.Y. , Degesys C.A. , Johnson V.E. , Zic J.A. , Zwerner J.P. , Eischen C.M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL) are skin malignancies including mycosis fungoides (MF) and CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD). In early disease, CTCL can be difficult to diagnose, especially in MF for which there is no reliable diagnostic marker. MF/CTCL have increased expression of thymocyte selection‐associated HMG box protein (TOX). Although TOX has been proposed to be a diagnostic marker for MF, further validation studies are needed. Moreover, it is unclear what drives TOX expression or its role in MF/CTCL.ObjectiveWe hypothesize evaluation of TOX levels across a spectrum of CTCL, including MF precursor (large plaque parapsoriasis, LPP), will help elucidate the implications of altered TOX expression.Materials and MethodsTOX staining was performed in MF, CD30+ LPD, LPP as well as benign inflammatory dermatoses (BID) and normal skin (NS). CTCL cell lines were utilized to evaluate the regulation of TOX.ResultsPositive TOX expression was identified in 73.6% of MF cases and in 31.6% of BID/NS. TOX had a positive predictive value (PPV) for MF of 86.7% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 48.1%. TOX expression in MF was detected more commonly in Black patients (P = 0.015) and less commonly in transformed MF (P = 0.045). LPP had positive TOX staining in 70.0%. In CTCL cells, GATA3 knockdown decreased TOX mRNA and protein expression. TOX expression also decreased in the presence of CTCL therapeutics.ConclusionOur data indicate that TOX is useful as a diagnostic marker in MF. Moreover, TOX expression was evident in LPP, indicating it may have a previously unappreciated role in the development of MF. Finally, our data suggest that GATA3 regulates TOX, revealing insight into TOX regulation.
Differential susceptibility and suitability of domestic and wild apple species for a florivorous weevil and its parasitoids
Authors: Knuff A. K. , Obermaier E. , Mody K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCrop plant domestication can change plant resistance to herbivores leading to differences in pest pressure experienced by crop plants and their wild relatives. To compare resistance to herbivores between domesticated and wild fruit trees, we quantified direct resistance and indirect resistance to a pest insect, the florivorous apple blossom weevil Anthonomus pomorum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), for the cultivated apple Malus domestica and two wild apple species, the European crab apple M. sylvestris and the exotic M. kirghisorum. We measured weevil infestation and performance (weight, sex ratio), and weevil parasitism by parasitoid wasps for different cultivars of M. domestica and for the two wild apple species. To explain weevil and parasitoid responses to different apple species, we quantified tree characteristics including nitrogen content, size of flower buds, bark roughness, tree size, tree phenology and tree position. We found significant differences in susceptibility to weevil infestation between apple species, with lowest infestation (highest apple resistance) in M. domestica and highest infestation in M. kirghisorum. The suitability of apple species also varied significantly: weevils emerging from M. sylvestris were significantly lighter than those from M. kirghisorum. Parasitism of A. pomorum by different parasitoid species was significantly higher in M. sylvestris than in M. domestica. Infestation, weevil weight and parasitism were positively related to tree characteristics: infestation to bud nitrogen content and bark roughness, weevil size to nitrogen content and bud size, and parasitism to tree height and bud density. Our study revealed marked differences between apple species in susceptibility and suitability for the pest herbivore, but also for antagonistic parasitoids. Whereas direct resistance appeared to be higher in cultivated apple, indirect resistance via parasitoids was apparently higher in wild apple trees. Our findings suggest that wild and cultivated apple trees possess different resistance traits that may be combined to optimize resistance in commercial apple cultivars.
Should cell‐free fetal DNA be included in first trimester screening (FTS) for common trisomy? A possible scenario on 6697 women screened over 10 years
Authors: Rosignoli Lucia , Tonni Gabriele 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim was to determine the performance of the first trimester screening (FTS) test in a general obstetrics population. Cost‐benefit analysis of a hypothetic model based on implementation of the FTS test by cell‐free fetal (cff) DNA was calculated.MethodsA total of 6697 women were screened using FTS test. A two‐step strategy based upon nuchal translucency, serum screening and ultrasound assessment of nasal bone (NB) was applied. Three groups were identified (high‐risk: >1:250; intermediate‐risk: 1:251–1:999 and low‐risk group: <1:1000). Women at intermediate‐risk (1:251–1:999) underwent NB assessment and recalculation of individual risk. All women at high‐risk were offered fetal karyotyping.ResultsA total of 321 women (4.8%) resulted at high‐risk while 480 women (7.1%) with intermediate‐risk underwent assessment of the NB, which was absent in 15 fetuses. Overall, 54 aneuploidies were detected for a 96.4% sensitivity, a 96.1% specificity, a 99.9% negative predictive value and a false positive rate of 4.8%. Audit was conducted on a yearly basis and lost to follow up was 0.47% (32 cases).ConclusionsPublic health system would not be able to cover the cost of including cff DNA in women undergoing first trimester screening on universal basis. However, assuming a possible scenario based on implementation of FTS by cff DNA in women at high‐risk would result in a 6‐fold reduction in the number of invasive procedures while avoiding two false negative results (trisomy 21) that were diagnosed in women with intermediate‐risk using current screening strategy by combined test.
Variability of intravenous medication preparation in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units
Authors: Levkovich Bianca J. , Bui Thuy , Bovell Alastair , Watterson Jason , Egan Annette , Poole Susan G. , Dooley Michael J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRationale, aim and objectiveIn Australia and New Zealand, there are no established standards for the final presentations of prepared intravenous medications in Intensive Care Units (ICUs).Variability has the potential to contribute to deficiencies in safety, efficiency and cost effectiveness. This study aimed to examine the variability in the preparation of intravenous medications in ICUs.MethodsAn electronic survey was distributed to critical care pharmacists in Australia and New Zealand via an established email group. The preparation of vasopressors, inotropes, sedation, analgesia, heparin, insulin and neuromuscular blockers were examined. Respondents were asked about initial presentation, final concentration prepared, who prepared and current safety practices used. Questions also addressed opinions and attitudes to safety practices and responsibility for leading change.ResultsForty responses to the survey were received, representing 17% of ICUs in Australia and New Zealand. Significant variation in final concentration was observed for all infusions except insulin and esmolol. The final volumes varied significantly for all drugs. The majority of infusions were prepared by nursing staff with only a small number of pre‐prepared presentations currently in use. Labelling was usually hand‐written with some colour‐coding. Most respondents identified safety and efficiency but not cost effectiveness as likely to be improved by the use of pre‐prepared infusions. Most respondents felt ‘government’ or peak clinical bodies should lead practice standardization.ConclusionSignificant variation exists in the preparation of intravenous medications across ICUs in Australia and New Zealand. Nationally or regionally coordinated rationalization and standardization could improve safety and efficiency and potentially reduce the barrier of cost.
Prevalence and clinical significance of IgA anti‐tissue transglutaminase antibodies in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Sood Ajit , Khurana Manbir Singh , Mahajan Ramit , Midha Vandana , Puri Sandeep , Kaur Amandeep , Gupta Nishit , Sharma Suresh 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground and AimCeliac disease is a multi‐systemic disease, which can affect any organ system including liver. However, the prevalence of celiac disease and the sensitivity and specificity of anti‐tissue transglutaminase (anti‐tTG) in diagnosing celiac disease in patients with cirrhosis of liver is not well established.MethodsWe screened a cohort of patients with chronic liver disease for an associated diagnosis of celiac disease. Anti‐tTG was carried out in all patients, and those with a high value were subjected to duodenal biopsy for histological confirmation. In patients where biopsy was contraindicated or refused, anti‐endomysial antibody (anti‐EMA) was tested.ResultsOf a total of 595 patients with chronic liver disease, high levels of anti‐tTG were noted in 150 (25.2%) patients, and celiac disease was diagnosed in 14 patients (2.4%). Celiac autoimmunity (high levels of both anti‐tTG and anti‐EMA) was noted in seven patients (1.2%).ConclusionsAlthough a large number of cirrhotic patients have high levels of anti‐tTG, duodenal histology and/or anti‐EMA is normal in majority of these patients. This suggests high false positivity of anti‐tTG in patients with cirrhosis and highlights the need of duodenal biopsy for histological confirmation of the diagnosis of celiac disease.
Behavior of mineral trioxide aggregate apical plugs and root fillings under cyclic loading
Authors: Wu Morgan , Palamara Joseph , Parashos Peter 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to develop a methodology for constant monitoring of the resistance to fluid flow during functional loading and to then compare the efficacy of 4‐mm mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plugs and full‐length MTA root fillings.MethodsThe root canals of 24 single‐rooted teeth were instrumented and assigned into two groups: group 1 (filled with a 4‐mm MTA apical plug and gutta percha) and group 2 (filled with MTA to cementoenamel junction level). All teeth were subjected to stepwise cyclic loading with a constant simulated interstitial pressure of 25 cm H2O applied apically. A Flodec machine (De Marco Engineering, Geneva, Switzerland) constantly monitored the rate and direction of fluid flow. Student's t‐test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Fisher's exact test, and Newcombe–Wilson test were used for statistical analysis, with P < 0.05.ResultsCrown fractures occurred in 21 teeth with no change in the rate of fluid flow. Three teeth (filled with full‐length MTA) showed sudden change in the rate of fluid flow through the root canal after cyclic loading.ConclusionsThe methodology reliably monitored fluid flow during cyclic loading. There was no difference between a 4‐mm MTA apical plug and full‐length MTA root filling after cyclic loading using a dynamic fluid‐flow monitoring technique.
Unusual anatomical origins of the coronary arteries in C57BL/6 mice. Are they strain‐specific?
Authors: López‐García Alejandro , Soto‐Navarrete M. Teresa , Fernández M. Carmen , Moncayo‐Arlandi Javier , Durán Ana Carmen , López‐Unzu Miguel A. , Alonso‐Briales Juan Horacio , Fernández Borja 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA previous manuscript [Fernández B, et al. (2008) J Anat 212, 12] reported on the unusual coronary artery patterns in mice belonging to the C57BL/6 strain. The aim here was to elucidate whether this pattern is unique to C57BL/6 mice or appears in other laboratory mouse strains and in wild‐living mice. Stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy and a corrosion cast technique were used to examine 597 adult mice belonging to three inbred strains (C57BL/6, Balb/c, DBA/2), three outbred stocks (CD1, OF1, NMRI) two hybrid lines (129sv × BL/6, CD2F1) and wild mice. It was shown that lock‐like ostium is an exclusive trait of C57BL/6 mice, whereas left septal artery, accessory ostium, high take‐off, intramural course and solitary ostium in aorta are all present in the different laboratory strains and wild mice included in the present study. However, each mouse population shows a specific incidence of these coronary conditions. Several clinically relevant human coronary artery anomalies are present in healthy mice from different strains that may serve as animal models for humans. These results should be taken into consideration in research concerning the murine coronary system, especially in coronary artery occlusion experiments and in studies on cardiovascular developmental biology using murine mutant lines.
Caring for Patients with traumatic brain injury: a survey of nurses' perceptions
Authors: Oyesanya Tolu O , Brown Roger L , Turkstra Lyn S 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine nurses' perceptions about caring for patients with traumatic brain injury.BackgroundAnnually, it is estimated that over 10 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury around the world. Patients with traumatic brain injury and their families are often concerned with expectations about recovery and seek information from nurses. Nurses' perceptions of care might influence information provided to patients and families, particularly if inaccurate knowledge and perceptions are held. Thus, nurses must be knowledgeable about care of these patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey, the Perceptions of Brain Injury Survey (PBIS), was completed electronically by 513 nurses between October and December 2014. Data were analysed with structural equation modelling, factor analysis, and pairwise comparisons.ResultsUsing latent class analysis, authors were able to divide nurses into three homogeneous sub‐groups based on perceived knowledge: low, moderate and high. Findings showed that nurses who care for patients with traumatic brain injury the most have the highest perceived confidence but the lowest perceived knowledge. Nurses also had significant variations in training.ConclusionsAs there is limited literature on nurses' perceptions of caring for patients with traumatic brain injury, these findings have implications for training and educating nurses, including direction for development of nursing educational interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceAs the incidence of traumatic brain injury is growing, it is imperative that nurses be knowledgeable about care of patients with these injuries. The traumatic brain injury PBIS can be used to determine inaccurate perceptions about caring for patients with traumatic brain injury before educating and training nurses.
Attention to nurses’ rewarding – an interview study of registered nurses working in primary and private healthcare in Finland
Authors: Seitovirta Jaana , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri , Mitronen Lasse , De Gieter Sara , Kvist Tarja 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo identify meaningful types of rewards and the consequences of rewards as expressed by Finnish registered nurses working in primary and private healthcare.BackgroundPrevious studies have found significant associations between nurses’ rewards and both their commitment and job satisfaction. Furthermore, appropriate rewards can have beneficial effects on factors including workforce stability and occupational satisfaction that are highly important in times of nurse shortages.DesignA cross‐sectional, qualitative interview study.MethodsData were collected via individual semi‐structured interviews (n = 20) with registered nurses working in Finland's primary and private healthcare, and subjected to qualitative content analysis.ResultsSix meaningful types of rewards were identified by the registered nurses: Financial compensation and benefits, Work‐Life balance, Work content, Professional development, Recognition, and Supportive leadership. Rewards encouraged respondents to perform their work correctly and reinforced occupational satisfaction, but also caused feelings of envy and stress.ConclusionsIt is essential to pay attention to nurses’ preferences for particular rewards and to reward management. When designing effective reward systems for registered nurses, it is not sufficient to provide financial rewards alone, as various kinds of non‐financial rewards are both meaningful and necessary.Relevance to clinical practiceWhen trying to improve registered nurses’ commitment and job satisfaction through reward management, it is important to listen to nurses’ opinions to create a reward system that integrates financial and non‐financial rewards and is fair from their perspective. Healthcare organisations that offer registered nurses a holistic reward system are more likely to retain satisfied and committed nurses at a time of increasing nursing shortages.
Collophora hispanica, a New Pathogen and Potential Threat to the Almond Industry in Iran
Authors: Arzanlou Mahdi , Ghasemi Saeid , Baradaran Bagheri Maryam 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTrunk diseases are potential threats for almond productivity and longevity worldwide, including Iran. In a recent survey on fungal species associated with trunk diseases of almonds in north‐western Iran, Collophora isolates (tentatively identified as Collophora hispanica) were recovered with high frequency from wood samples with internal necrosis and brown to black vascular streaking of almond trees showing symptoms of decline. However, the pathogenic potential of Collophora isolates on almond trees in Iran remains unproven. In this study, the identity of the isolates was further confirmed as C. hispanica based on a combination of morphological data and sequence data of ITS‐rDNA region, and pathogenicity of C. hispanica isolates on almond was evaluated using excised shoot method and in greenhouse experiments. Collophora hispanica isolates induced lesions statistically different from the control, in both excised shoot method and greenhouse assays. Significant differences were observed among the isolates in the length of the lesion induced on wood. Collophora hispanica should be considered as the main trunk pathogens of almond trees in north‐western region of Iran. The distribution and host range of this new pathogen on almond remains to be studied.
Hepatitis C viral dynamics during ribavirin priming differ according to prior treatment response and HCV type
Authors: Fülöp B. , Mihm U. , Rohde P. , Buggisch P. , Schlosser B. , Biermer M. , Brodzinski A. , Fischer J. , Böhm S. , van Bömmel F. , Sarrazin C. , Berg T. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe mode of action of ribavirin is not completely understood. Ribavirin monotherapy has a measurable antiviral effect, which shows great variability. It might lead to an earlier steady state of plasma concentration and therefore enhance the effect of following combination treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiviral effect of ribavirin priming and its influence on sustained virologic response after combination treatment in a group of patients with different hepatitis C virus (HCV) types with or without prior treatment experience. Retrospective analysis of 75 patients (37 treatment naïve, 20 prior relapse, 16 prior nonresponse, genotype 1 present in 60 patients) from five centres who received ribavirin priming as part of an individual strategy in order to improve treatment outcome. All patients received ribavirin monotherapy with a mean dose of 14.5 mg kg−1 body weight for a mean of 28 days. After ribavirin priming, dual combination treatment with pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin was started. The mean HCV RNA decline after ribavirin priming was 0.6 log10 IU mL−1 (P<.001). The initial viral decline depended on HCV type and previous treatment status being highest among prior relapsers (0.8 log10 IU mL−1; P=.002) and HCV type 2/3 (1.2 log10 IU mL−1; P=.05) and lowest among those with prior nonresponse (0.3 log10 IU mL−1, P=.01). IFNL4 (formerly IL28B) genotype for rs12979860 and IFNL3 genotype rs8099917 did not influence the initial viral decline. The study demonstrates a significant variability in the viral dynamics and antiviral efficacy of ribavirin monotherapy, which is mainly influenced by prior treatment status. The fact that the lowest response pattern was observed in prior nonresponder patients to pegylated interferon alfa plus ribavirin combination therapy can be taken as a hint that not only the individual interferon, but also the ribavirin sensitivity contributes significantly to the nonresponsive state.