bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prospective relationship between satisfaction with information and symptoms of depression and anxiety in breast cancer: A structural equation modeling analysis
Authors: Faller Hermann , Strahl André , Richard Matthias , Niehues Christiane , Meng Karin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivePrevious research has demonstrated associations between satisfaction with information and reduced emotional distress in cancer patients. However, as most studies were cross‐sectional, the direction of this relationship remained unclear. We therefore aimed to test whether information satisfaction predicted subsequent depression and anxiety levels, and, reciprocally, depression and anxiety levels predicted subsequent information satisfaction, thus clarifying the direction of impact.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study with 436 female breast cancer patients (mean age 51 years). We measured information satisfaction with 2 self‐developed items, symptoms of depression with the 2‐item Patient Heath Questionnaire and symptoms of anxiety with the 2‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. We created 2 structural equation models, 1 for depression and 1 for anxiety, that examined the prediction of 1‐year depression (or anxiety) levels by baseline information satisfaction and, in the same model, 1‐year information satisfaction by baseline depression (or anxiety) levels (cross‐lagged panel analysis).ResultsBaseline information satisfaction predicted 1‐year levels of both depression (beta = −0.17, P < .01) and anxiety (beta = −0.13, P < .01), adjusting for the baseline scores of the outcome variables. Conversely, baseline levels of depression (beta = −0.12, P < .05) and anxiety (beta = −0.16, P < .01) predicted 1‐year information satisfaction, adjusting for its baseline score.ConclusionOur results suggest a bidirectional relationship between information satisfaction and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Thus, provision of information may reduce subsequent depression and anxiety, while reducing depression and anxiety levels may increase satisfaction with received information. Combining the provision of information with emotional support may be particularly beneficial.
Novel product specificity toward erlose and panose exhibited by multisite engineered mutants of amylosucrase
Authors: Vergès Alizée , Cambon Emmanuelle , Barbe Sophie , Moulis Claire , Remaud‐Siméon Magali , André Isabelle 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA computer‐aided engineering approach recently enabled to deeply reshape the active site of N. polysaccharea amylosucrase for recognition of non‐natural acceptor substrates. Libraries of variants were constructed and screened on sucrose allowing the identification of 17 mutants able to synthesize molecules from sole sucrose, which are not synthesized by the parental wild‐type enzyme. Three of the isolated mutants as well as the new products synthesized were characterized in details. Mutants contain between 7 and 11 mutations in the active site and the new molecules were identified as being a sucrose derivative, named erlose (α‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐α‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐d‐Fructose), and a new malto‐oligosaccharide named panose (α‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐α‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐α‐d‐Glucose). These product specificities were never reported for none of the amylosucrases characterized to date, nor their engineered variants. Optimization of the production of these trisaccharides of potential interest as sweeteners or prebiotic molecules was carried out. Molecular modelling studies were also performed to shed some light on the molecular factors involved in the novel product specificities of these amylosucrase variants.
Structural analysis of oligomeric and protofibrillar Aβ amyloid pair structures considering F20L mutation effects using molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Lee Myeongsang , Chang Hyun Joon , Baek Inchul , Na Sungsoo 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTAβ amyloid proteins are involved in neuro‐degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and so forth. Because of its structurally stable feature under physiological conditions, Aβ amyloid protein disrupts the normal cell function. Because of these concerns, understanding the structural feature of Aβ amyloid protein in detail is crucial. There have been some efforts on lowering the structural stabilities of Aβ amyloid fibrils by decreasing the aromatic residues characteristic and hydrophobic effect. Yet, there is a lack of understanding of Aβ amyloid pair structures considering those effects. In this study, we provide the structural characteristics of wildtype (WT) and phenylalanine residue mutation to leucine (F20L) Aβ amyloid pair structures using molecular dynamics simulation in detail. We also considered the polymorphic feature of F20L and WT Aβ pair amyloids based on the facing β‐strand directions between the amyloid pairs. As a result, we were able to observe the varying effects of mutation, polymorphism, and protofibril lengths on the structural stability of pair amyloids. Furthermore, we have also found that opposite structural stability exists on a certain polymorphic Aβ pair amyloids depending on its oligomeric or protofibrillar state, which can be helpful for understanding the amyloid growth mechanism via repetitive fragmentation and elongation mechanism. Proteins 2017; 85:580–592. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Why was resistance to shorter‐acting pre‐emergence herbicides slower to evolve?
Authors: Somerville Gayle J , Powles Stephen B , Walsh Michael J , Renton Michael 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcross several agricultural systems the evolution of herbicide resistance has occurred more rapidly to post‐emergence than pre‐emergence herbicides; however, the reasons for this are not clear. We used a new simulation model to investigate whether interactions between differences in order of application and weed cohorts affected could explain this historically observed difference between the herbicide groups.RESULTSA 10 year delay in resistance evolution was predicted for a shorter‐acting residual pre‐emergence (cf. post‐emergence), when all other parameters were identical. Differences in order of application between pre‐ and post‐emergence herbicides had minimal effect on rates of resistance evolution when similar weed cohorts were affected.CONCLUSIONThis modelling suggested that the historically observed lower levels of resistance to pre‐emergence herbicides are most likely to be due to the smaller number of weed cohorts affected by many pre‐emergence herbicides. The lower number of weed cohorts affected by pre‐emergence herbicides necessitated the use of additional, effective control measures, thereby reducing resistance evolution. This study highlights the advantages of applying multiple control measures to each weed cohort. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Interaction of transgenic and natural insect resistance mechanisms against Spodoptera littoralis in cotton
Authors: Hagenbucher Steffen , Eisenring Michael , Meissle Michael , Romeis Jörg 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsect‐resistant transgenic plants that express insecticidal Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are grown on millions of hectares worldwide. While these proteins are efficient in controlling key lepidopteran pests, not all pests are affected and the development of resistance in target pests is always a concern. These shortcomings could be addressed by exploiting the natural insect resistance of cotton, especially inducible terpenoids such as gossypol.RESULTSTo assess the potential of gossypol in supplementing Cry proteins as a resistance trait, we conducted a range of feeding assays with Spodoptera littoralis using artificial diet with defined amounts of Cry proteins and gossypol. This was supplemented by assays with leaf discs of induced and uninduced non‐Bt and Bt cotton (expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab). Additionally, we quantified Cry proteins and cotton terpenoids to describe the interactions in planta. We found that gossypol can increase the efficacy of Cry proteins in artificial diet in an additive way. Induced production of gossypol and other cotton terpenoids, however, did not increase the efficacy of Bt cotton owing to the strong impact of the Bt trait.CONCLUSIONCotton terpenoids may offer the chance to supplement the insect resistance of Bt cotton in cases were the pest is not strongly affected by the Cry proteins. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Target‐site mutations conferring resistance to glyphosate in feathertop Rhodes grass (Chloris virgata) populations in Australia
Authors: Ngo The D , Krishnan Mahima , Boutsalis Peter , Gill Gurjeet , Preston Christopher 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDChloris virgata is a warm‐season, C4, annual grass weed affecting field crops in northern Australia that has become an emerging weed in southern Australia. Four populations with suspected resistance to glyphosate were collected in South Australia, Queensland and New South Wales, Australia, and compared with one susceptible (S) population to confirm glyphosate resistance and elucidate possible mechanisms of resistance.RESULTSBased on the rate of glyphosate required to kill 50% of treated plants (LD50), glyphosate resistance (GR) was confirmed in four populations of C. virgata (V12, V14.2, V14.16 and V15). GR plants were 2–9.7‐fold more resistant and accumulated less shikimate after glyphosate treatment than S plants. GR and S plants did not differ in glyphosate absorption and translocation. Target‐site EPSPS mutations corresponding to Pro‐106‐Leu (V14.2) and Pro‐106‐Ser (V15, V14.16 and V12) substitutions were found in GR populations. The population with Pro‐106‐Leu substitution was 2.9–4.9‐fold more resistant than the three other populations with Pro‐106‐Ser substitution.CONCLUSIONThis report confirms glyphosate resistance in C. virgata and shows that target‐site EPSPS mutations confer resistance to glyphosate in this species. The evolution of glyphosate resistance in C. virgata highlights the need to identify alternative control tactics. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Moist convection and its upscale effects in simulations of the Indian monsoon with explicit and parametrized convection
Authors: Willetts P. D. , Marsham J. H. , Birch C. E. , Parker D. J. , Webster S. , Petch J. 
Published: December 2016

In common with many global models, the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) climate simulations show large errors in Indian summer monsoon rainfall, with a wet bias over the equatorial Indian Ocean, a dry bias over India, and with too weak low‐level flow into India. The representation of moist convection is a dominant source of error in global models, where convection must be parametrized, with the errors growing quickly enough to affect both weather and climate simulations. Here we use the first multi‐week continental‐scale MetUM simulations over India, with grid spacings that allow explicit convection, to examine how convective parametrization contributes to model biases in the region.Some biases are improved in the convection‐permitting simulations with more intense rainfall over India, a later peak in the diurnal cycle of convective rainfall over land, and a reduced positive rainfall bias over the Indian Ocean. The simulations suggest that the reduced rainfall over the Indian Ocean leads to an enhanced monsoon circulation and transport of moisture into India. Increases in latent heating associated with increased convection over land deepen the monsoon trough and enhance water vapour transport into the continent. In addition, delayed continental convection allows greater surface insolation and, along with the same rain falling in more intense bursts, generates a drier land surface. This increases land–sea temperature contrasts, and further enhances onshore flow. Changes in the low‐level water vapour advection into India are dominated by these changes to the flow, rather than to the moisture content in the flow. The results demonstrate the need to improve the representations of convection over both land and oceans to improve simulations of the monsoon.
Europe Since 1945
Authors: Wegs J. Robert , Ladrech Robert 
Published: December 2016

As Europe has expanded its influence in world economic and political affairs, there has been an increased need to understand how Europe recovered from the devastation of World War II to become a major world player. This concise history offers a comprehensive overview of Europe's political, social, economic and cultural developments since 1945.
J. Robert Wegs and Robert Ladrech balance a narrative of the major events and personalities of the post-war political scene with a critical assessment of key issues and themes, such as:
– The development of the welfare state
– European integration and the European Union
– The Cold War
– The rise and fall of the Soviet Empire
– The political-economic turmoil in eastern Europe since 1989
– The place of Europe in the globalisation of the world's political-economic affairs
The text also features further reading sections at the end of each chapter to aid more detailed study, and is enhanced throughout with tables, maps and illustrations.
Written for students and general readers alike, this thoroughly revised, updated and expanded new edition is an ideal introduction for anyone with an interest in the history and politics of post-war Europe, east and west.
From Phase Behavior to Understand the Dominant Mechanism of Alkali‐Surfactant‐Polymer Flooding in Enhancing Heavy Oil Recovery
Authors: Wei Bing , Lu Laiming , Pu Wanfen , Jiang Feng , Li Kexing , Sun Lin , Jin Fayang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe primary objective of this work was to understand the dominant mechanism(s) of alkali‐surfactant‐polymer (ASP) flooding in enhancing heavy oil recovery. Chemical formulations were first optimized based on phase behavior studies. The data indicated that alkali and surfactant created a synergistic effect at the oil/water interface, which further decreased the interfacial tension (IFT) and improved the emulsification. However, it was also found that the addition of alkali was detrimental to the viscous properties of the chemical systems and caused the ultimate oil recovery to decrease. In other words, the macroscopic sweep efficiency as a result of viscosity was the primary factor determining the overall recovery of heavy oil followed by emulsification, which was verified by the phase behavior of the effluent. Based on the experimental results, we found that for this targeted heavy oil reservoir, surfactant‐polymer (SP) flooding was more appropriate than ASP flooding and it was not necessary to decrease the IFT to the ultralow level (10−3mN/m) using alkali. Through chemical flooding, the incremental oil recovery was increased up to 27% of original oil in place, indicating the potential of this technique in heavy oil reservoirs.
The Structured Interview for Insight and Judgment in Dementia: Development and validation of a new instrument to assess awareness in patients with dementia
Authors: Parrao Teresa , Brockman Simone , Bucks Romola S. , Bruce David G. , Davis Wendy A. , Hatch Katherine K. , Leavy Tammy L. , Axten Christine A.P. , Starkstein Sergio E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionPoor insight about their cognitive and functional deficits is highly prevalent in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, there is a lack of reliable, valid instrumentation to measure this construct. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a semistructured interview to assess insight and judgment in patients with AD and to provide information regarding the assessment of competency and risk in this population.MethodsWe validated the Structured Clinical Interview for Insight and Judgment in Dementia (SIJID) in a consecutive series of 124 patients with probable AD. The following psychometric properties were evaluated: internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, interrater reliability, and convergent and predictive validity.ResultsThe SIJID demonstrated high test‐retest, interrater reliability and also showed strong discriminant and convergent validity. It showed good predictive validity based on 1‐year follow‐up information of the patient's clinical outcomes, with a significant association between higher SIJID total scores at baseline, and more severe neuropsychiatric symptoms and more severe caregiver distress at follow‐up. Moreover, higher scores of dangerous behaviors at baseline were significantly correlated with a higher frequency of hospitalization and placement in residential care 1 year later.ConclusionThe SIJID is a reliable and valid instrument to assess insight and judgment in patients with AD and is a valuable tool for assessing presence and severity of dangerous behaviors, determining risk, and providing critical information for the assessment of competency.
An Aberrant Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle Crossing Guyon's Canal
Authors: Nam YongSeok , Hwang SeungHwan , Eo SuRak 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAnomalous hypothenar muscles in the wrist are relatively common with 47% prevalence, and their possible consequences associated with Guyon's canal are well known. The accessory of the abductor digiti minimi muscle (ADM) is known to be one of the causes of ulnar tunnel syndrome or ulnar artery thrombosis. A unique ADM was found in the volar wrist region of an 87-year-old male cadaver passing through Guyon's canal.
Comparative Effectiveness of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine–Midazolam versus Oral Chloral Hydrate Targeting Moderate Sedation during Pediatric Transthoracic Echocardiograms
Authors: Fett Jordan , Hackbarth Richard , Boville Brian , Olivero Anthony , Davis Alan , Winters John 
Published: December 2016

Objective To compare efficacy and safety of two moderate sedation regimens for transthoracic echocardiography (TTE): intranasal dexmedetomidine–midazolam (DM) versus oral chloral hydrate (CH) syrup.
Method This was a retrospective cohort of 93 children under 4 years of age receiving moderate sedation with either DM or CH for TTE from January 2011 through December 2014.
Measurements and Main Results Forty-nine patients received oral CH and 44 received the intranasal combination of DM. The demographics between groups were similar except the DM patients were slightly older and heavier (each p < 0.05). Failure rate between groups did not reach statistical significance (CH 14.3% vs. DM 6.8%; p = 0.324). Total sedation to discharge time was similar between groups (CH 89.4 minutes vs. DM 89.6 minute; p = 0.97). Cardiopulmonary data did reveal a significantly lower heart rate (101.9 vs. 91.7; p < 0.001) and respiratory rate (23.4 vs. 21.0, p = 0.03) in the DM group, but no difference in blood pressure measurements or echo determined shortening fraction.
Conclusion These data support the use of intranasal DM as a safe and efficacious method of moderate sedation for children undergoing TTE.
Pregnancy outcomes in women with mechanical prosthetic heart valves: a prospective descriptive population based study using the United Kingdom Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) data collection system
Authors: Vause S , Clarke B , Tower CL , Hay CRM , Knight M ,   (on behalf of UKOSS)
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo describe the incidence of mechanical prosthetic heart valves (MPHV) in pregnancy in the UK; rates of maternal and fetal complications in this group of women, and whether these vary with the anticoagulation used during pregnancy.DesignProspective descriptive population‐based study.SettingAll consultant‐led maternity units in the UK.PopulationAll women with an MPHV who were pregnant between 1 February 2013 and 31 January 2015.MethodsCollection and analysis of anonymous data relating to pregnancy management and outcome, using the UKOSS notification and data collection system.Main outcome measuresMaternal death, serious maternal morbidity, poor fetal outcome.ResultsData were obtained for 58 women giving an estimated incidence of 3.7 (95% CI 2.7–4.7) per 100 000 maternities. There were five maternal deaths (9%); a further 24 (41%) suffered serious maternal morbidity. There was a poor fetal outcome from 26 (47%) pregnancies. Only 16 (28%) women had a good maternal and good fetal outcome. Low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) was used throughout pregnancy by 71% of women. Of these, 83% required rapid dose escalation in the first trimester. Monitoring regimens lacked consistency.ConclusionsThis study has estimated the incidence of MPHV in pregnant women in the UK. It includes the largest cohort managed with LMWH throughout pregnancy reported to date. It demonstrates a high rate of maternal death, and serious maternal and fetal morbidity. Women with MPHVs, and their clinicians need to appreciate the significant maternal and fetal risks involved in pregnancy. Care should be concentrated in specialist centres.Tweetable abstractHigh rates of poor maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with mechanical prosthetic heart valves
Heterogeneous activity causes a nonlinear increase in the group energy use of ant workers isolated from queen and brood
Authors: Ferral Nolan , Holloway Kyara , Li Mingzhong , Yin Zhaozheng , Hou Chen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIncreasing evidence has shown that the energy use of ant colonies increases sublinearly with colony size so that large colonies consume less per capita energy than small colonies. It has been postulated that social environment (e.g., in the presence of queen and brood) is critical for the sublinear group energetics, and a few studies of ant workers isolated from queens and brood observed linear relationships between group energetics and size. In this paper, we hypothesize that the sublinear energetics arise from the heterogeneity of activity in ant groups, that is, large groups have relatively more inactive members than small groups. We further hypothesize that the energy use of ant worker groups that are allowed to move freely increases more slowly than the group size even if they are isolated from queen and brood. Previous studies only provided indirect evidence for these hypotheses due to technical difficulties. In this study, we applied the automated behavioral monitoring and respirometry simultaneously on isolated worker groups for long time periods, and analyzed the image with the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. Our results show that when activity was not confined, large groups had lower per capita energy use, a lower percentage of active members, and lower average walking speed than small groups; while locomotion was confined, however, the per capita energy use was a constant regardless of the group size. The quantitative analysis shows a direct link between variation in group energy use and the activity level of ant workers when isolated from queen and brood.