bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process evaluation of integrated early child development care at private clinics in poor urban Pakistan: a mixed methods study
Authors: Khan Muhammad Amir , Owais Syeda Somyyah , Ishaq Sehrish , Walley John , Khan Haroon Jehangir , Blacklock Claire , Khan Muhammad Ahmar , Azeem Muhammad Waqar 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundIn poor urban Pakistan, private GP clinics lack adequate services to promote early child development (ECD) care. A clinic-based contextualised ECD intervention was developed for quarterly tool-assisted counselling of mothers.AimTo explore the experience and implementation of ECD intervention by the private care providers and clients, for further adaptation for scaling of quality ECD care, at primary level private healthcare facilities in Pakistan.Design & settingA mixed methods approach using quantitative records review and qualitative interviews at poor urban clinics in Rawalpindi and Lahore, Pakistan.MethodQuantitative data from study-specific records were reviewed for 1242 mother–child pairs registered in the intervention. A total of 18 semi-structured interviews with clinic staff, mothers, and research staff were conducted at four clinics. The interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim.ResultsDistrict Health Office (DHO) support allowed transparent and effective selection and training of clinic providers. Public endorsement of ECD care at private clinics and the addition of community advocates promoted ECD care uptake. Clinic settings were found feasible for clinic assistants, and acceptable to mothers, for counselling sessions. Mothers found ECD counselling methods more engaging compared to the usual care provided.ConclusionIn poor urban settings where public health care is scarce, minimal programme investment on staff training and provision of minor equipment can engage private clinics effectively in delivering ECD care.
Discontinuation of a randomised controlled trial in general practice due to unsuccessful patient recruitment
Authors: van der Gaag Wendelien H , van den Berg Roxanne , Koes Bart W , Bohnen Arthur M , Hazen Lonny MG , Peul Wilco C , Voogt Leen , Verhagen Arianne P , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita MA , Luijsterburg Pim AJ 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundA randomised controlled trial (RCT) in general practice, recruiting incident patients with (sub)acute sciatica, was discontinued because of insufficient recruitment.AimTo describe factors that influenced the recruitment process and ultimately led to discontinuation of this trial, and to enable others to learn from this experience.Design & settingA pragmatic RCT was designed to compare two pain medication prescription strategies for treatment of (sub)acute sciatica in general practice. After 1 year of patient recruitment, the trial was prematurely terminated.MethodTo analyse the underperforming recruitment, patient information systems of 20 general practices were screened twice a month to search for eligible patients and identify reasons for non-eligibility. Secondly, after study termination, an open question was distributed to the participating GPs for their views on the recruitment process.ResultsA total of 116 GPs from 37 general practices collaborated in the trial. Only eight of 234 patients were included after 12 months. The 22 GPs who offered their opinion on the main reasons for unsuccessful recruitment considered that these were the low incidence rate and strict eligibility criteria, a strong patient and/or GP preference, and time constraints.ConclusionFor this RCT, multiple factors were related to recruitment problems but it remains unknown which determinants prevailed. As the research question is unanswered but remains relevant, it is recommended that GPs’ daily practice is taken into account when designing an RCT, a pilot study should be performed for feasibility of recruitment, and GP assistants should be involved at an early stage.
Climate‐related genetic variation in a threatened tree species, Pinus albicaulis
Authors: Warwell Marcus V. , Shaw Ruth G. 
Published: August 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:With ongoing climate change, understanding of intraspecific adaptive variation is critical for conservation and restoration of plant species. Such information is especially scarce for threatened and endangered tree species, such as Pinus albicaulis Engelm. Therefore, our principal aims were to assess adaptive variation and characterize its relationship with climate of seed origin.METHODS:We grew seedlings from 49 P. albicaulis populations representative of the interior northwestern United States in two common garden field experiments under warm‐dry conditions that mimic climatic conditions predicted in the current century for areas within the species’ range. Differences among populations were assessed for growth and survival. We then used regression to describe clines of apparent adaptive variation in relation to climate variation among the populations’ origins.KEY RESULTS:We detected genetic divergence for growth and survival among populations of P. albicaulis. These differences corresponded to distinct climatic clines. Populations originating from locations with lower spring precipitation exhibited greater survival in response to natural drought. Populations originating from increasingly milder climates exhibited greater height growth under relatively limited stress in early years and greater fitness after 12 yr.CONCLUSIONS:The results suggest that P. albicaulis exhibits adaptive variation for drought tolerance and growth in response to selection pressures associated with variation in moisture availability and temperature, respectively. Even so, clinal variation was relatively gentle. Thus, apparent differences in local adaptation to climate among populations appears to be relatively low.
Pollen wall degradation in the Brassicaceae permits cell emergence after pollination
Authors: Edlund Anna F. , Olsen Katrina , Mendoza Christian , Wang Jing , Buckley Trudyann , Nguyen Mai , Callahan Brooke , Owen Heather A. 
Published: August 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Despite attempts to degrade the sporopollenin in pollen walls, this material has withstood a hundred years of experimental treatments and thousands of years of environmental attack in insects and soil. We present evidence that sporopollenin, nonetheless, locally degrades only minutes after pollination in Arabidopsis thaliana flowers, and describe here a two‐part pollen germination mechanism in A. thaliana involving both chemical weakening of the exine wall and swelling of the underlying intine.METHODS:We explored naturally occurring components from pollen and stigma surfaces and found a tripartite mix of hydrogen peroxide, peroxidase and catalase enzymes (all at high levels at the pollination interface) to be experimentally sufficient to degrade the sporopollenin of some Brassicaceae family members.KEY RESULTS:At pollination, factors carried on the pollen surface may mix with factors on the stigma surface in a reaction that locally oxidizes the exine pollen wall. Hydrogen peroxide, catalases, and peroxidases are biologically present at the right time and place and, when mixed experimentally, are sufficient to degrade the walls of susceptible pollen.CONCLUSIONS:Our work on native biochemistry for breaching sporopollenin suggests new research directions in pollen aperture evolution and could aid efforts to analyze sporopollenin's composition, needed for application of this corrosion‐resistant, but long‐intractable material.
Orbital Parameters of the Eclipsing Detached Kepler Binaries with Eccentric Orbits
Authors: Kjurkchieva Diana , Vasileva Doroteya , Atanasova Teodora 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We present precise values of the eccentricity and periastron angle of 529 detached, eccentric, eclipsing stars from the Kepler Eclipsing Binary catalog that were determined by modeling their long cadence data. The temperatures and relative radii of their components as well as their mass ratios were calculated based on approximate values of the empirical relations of MS stars. Around one-third of the secondary components were revealed to be very late dwarfs, some of them possible brown dwarf candidates. Most of our targets fall below the envelope P(1 − e
2)3/2 = 5 days. The (e, P) distribution of the known eccentric binaries exhibits a rough trend of increasing eccentricity with the period. The prolonged and continuous Kepler observations allowed us to identify 60 new highly eccentric targets with e > 0.5.
Two Distinct Types of CME-flare Relationships Based on SOHO and STEREO Observations
Authors: Jang Soojeong , Moon Yong-Jae , Kim Rok-Soon , Kim Sujin , Lee Jae-Ok 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we present two distinct types of coronal mass ejection (CME)-flare relationships according to their observing time differences using 107 events from 2010 to 2013. The observing time difference, ΔT, is defined as flare peak time minus CME first appearance time at Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) COR1 field of view. There are 41 events for group A (ΔT < 0) and 66 events for group B (ΔT ≥ 0). We compare CME 3D parameters (speed and kinetic energy) based on multi-spacecraft data (SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and STEREO A and B) and their associated flare properties (peak flux, fluence, and duration). Our main results are as follows. First, there are better relationships between CME and flare parameters for group B than that of group A. In particular, CME 3D kinetic energy for group B is well correlated with flare fluence with the correlation coefficient of 0.67, which is much stronger than that (cc = 0.31) of group A. Second, the events belonging to group A have short flare durations of less than 1 hr (mean = 21 minutes), while the events for group B have longer durations up to 4 hr (mean = 81 minutes). Third, the mean value of height at peak speed for group B is 4.05 Rs, which is noticeably higher than that of group A (1.89 Rs). This is well correlated with the CME acceleration duration (cc = 0.75). A higher height at peak speed and a longer acceleration duration of CME for group B could be explained by the fact that magnetic reconnections for group B continuously occur for a longer time than those for group A.
Light Curves and Spectra from a Unimodal Core-collapse Supernova
Authors: Wollaeger Ryan T. , Hungerford Aimee L. , Fryer Chris L. , Wollaber Allan B. , Rossum Daniel R. van , Even Wesley 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
To assess the effectiveness of optical emission as a probe of spatial asymmetry in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), we apply the radiative transfer software SuperNu to a unimodal CCSN model. The SNSPH radiation hydrodynamics software was used to simulate an asymmetric explosion of a 16

zero-age main-sequence binary star. The ejecta has 3.36

with 0.024

of radioactive 56Ni, with unipolar asymmetry along the z-axis. For 96 discrete angular views, we find a ratio between maximum and minimum peak total luminosities of ∼1.36. The brightest light curves emerge from views orthogonal to the z-axis. Multigroup spectra from UV to IR are obtained. We find a shift in wavelength with viewing angle in a near-IR Ca ii emission feature, consistent with Ca being mostly in the unimode. We compare emission from the gray gamma-ray transfer in SuperNu and from the detailed gamma-ray transfer code Maverick. Relative to the optical light curves, the brightness of the gamma-ray emission is more monotonic with respect to viewing angle. UBVRI broadband light curves are also calculated. Parallel with the unimode, the U and B bands have excess luminosity at

days post-explosion, due to 56Ni on the unimode. We compare our CCSN model with SN 2002ap, which is thought to have a similar ejecta morphology.
Atypical Mg-poor Milky Way Field Stars with Globular Cluster Second-generation-like Chemical Patterns
Authors: Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Zamora O. , García-Hernández D. A. , Souto Diogo , Dell’Agli F. , Schiavon R. P. , Geisler D. , Tang B. , Villanova S. , Hasselquist Sten , Mennickent R. E. , Cunha Katia , Shetrone M. , Prieto Carlos Allende , Vieira K. , Zasowski G. , Sobeck J. , Hayes C. R. , Majewski S. R. , Placco V. M. , Beers T. C. , Schleicher D. R. G. , Robin A. C. , Mészáros Sz. , Masseron T. , Pérez Ana E. García , Anders F. , Meza A. , Alves-Brito A. , Carrera R. , Minniti D. , Lane R. R. , Fernández-Alvar E. , Moreno E. , Pichardo B. , Pérez-Villegas A. , Schultheis M. , Roman-Lopes A. , Fuentes C. E. , Nitschelm C. , Harding P. , Bizyaev D. , Pan K. , Oravetz D. , Simmons A. , Ivans Inese I. , Blanco-Cuaresma S. , Hernández J. , Alonso-García J. , Valenzuela O. , Chanamé J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We report the peculiar chemical abundance patterns of 11 atypical Milky Way (MW) field red giant stars observed by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). These atypical giants exhibit strong Al and N enhancements accompanied by C and Mg depletions, strikingly similar to those observed in the so-called second-generation (SG) stars of globular clusters (GCs). Remarkably, we find low Mg abundances ([Mg/Fe] < 0.0) together with strong Al and N overabundances in the majority (5/7) of the metal-rich ([Fe/H] ≳ −1.0) sample stars, which is at odds with actual observations of SG stars in Galactic GCs of similar metallicities. This chemical pattern is unique and unprecedented among MW stars, posing urgent questions about its origin. These atypical stars could be former SG stars of dissolved GCs formed with intrinsically lower abundances of Mg and enriched Al (subsequently self-polluted by massive AGB stars) or the result of exotic binary systems. We speculate that the stars Mg-deficiency as well as the orbital properties suggest that they could have an extragalactic origin. This discovery should guide future dedicated spectroscopic searches of atypical stellar chemical patterns in our Galaxy, a fundamental step forward to understanding the Galactic formation and evolution.
Le web politique au prisme de la science des données
Authors: Boyadjian Julien , Olivesi Aurélie , Velcin Julien 
Published: August 2017

Cet article interroge l’influence réciproque de la science des données et des sciences sociales pour analyser le Web politique. En fournissant des outils (partiellement) automatisés de collecte et d’analyse des corpus numériques, la science des données apporte une aide précieuse aux chercheurs en sciences sociales se trouvant confrontés aux problématiques du « big data ». Et par leur retour d’expérience et leurs usages critiques de ces outils, les chercheurs en sciences sociales contribuent à enrichir les résultats de la science des données. Ce croisement disciplinaire fait se confronter des méthodologies structurées de part et d’autre, notamment lors des phases de constitution du corpus, d’analyse des données et d’extrapolation des résultats. Pour chacune de ces étapes de la recherche, nous montrons les spécificités heuristiques et techniques des terrains numériques, les problèmes méthodologiques et épistémologiques qui leur sont intrinsèquement liés et la façon dont la science des données peut y répondre.
Les blogs politiques en France
Authors: Neihouser Marie 
Published: August 2017

Cet article s’intéresse à la fréquentation et à la participation des lecteurs sur les blogs politiques en France. En effet, si nombre de travaux sur les blogs, américains notamment (Bloom 2003 ; Drezner et Farrell 2004, etc.), traitent de leur influence – indirecte – dans le débat public via l’approche par les liens, peu s’intéressent à leurs statistiques de fréquentation. Après avoir mis en évidence l’intérêt de poser la question de la fréquentation des blogs politiques, et donc de leur influence directe aujourd’hui, nous montrons qu’ils n’attirent qu’un faible public en France. Pourtant, notre approche fait aussi paraître que de micro-espaces de discussion sont susceptibles de se créer dans les sections « commentaires » des blogs. Une variable se révèle alors importante : la position du blogueur dans l’espace politique.
Beyond a sacrificial spirituality: Enhancing flourishing pastoral ministers
Authors: Dillen Annemie 
Published: August 2017

This contribution explains the value of self-giving and critically questions the discourse on self-sacrifice in relation to ministerial spirituality. In practice, what others may describe as self-sacrifice may be experienced by a care-giver as an adequate form of self-giving inspired by the Christian vocation, without any praise for one’s own deeds, without any overestimation of the heroic character of one’s own giving. An inherent danger in the concept of self-sacrifice is a closedness to critically assessing the balance of power in one’s own relationships. In this sense, theologians are asked to use the concept self-sacrifice with caution, as the theological language may inspire people, ideas and the general discourse further than intended.
Life cycle versus balanced funds: An emerging market perspective
Authors: Louw Elbie , Van Schalkwyk Cornelis H. , Reyers Michelle 
Published: August 2017

Background: Inadequate retirement savings is an international challenge. Additionally, individuals are not cognisant of how asset allocation choices ultimately impact retirement savings. Life cycle and balanced funds are popular asset allocation strategies to save towards retirement. However, recent research is questioning the efficacy of life cycle funds that switch to lower risk asset classes as retirement approaches.Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of life cycle funds with balanced funds to determine whether either dominates the other. The study compares balanced and life cycle funds with similar starting asset allocations as well as those where the starting asset allocations differ.Setting: The study has a South African focus and constructs funds using historical data for the main local asset classes; that is, equity, fixed income and cash, as well as a proxy for foreign equity covering the period 1986–2013.Method: The study makes use of Monte Carlo simulations and bootstrap with replacement, and compares the simulated outcomes using stochastic dominance as decision-making criteria.Results: The results indicate that life cycle funds fail to dominate balanced funds by first-order or almost stochastic dominance when funds have a similar starting asset allocation. It is noteworthy that there are instances where the opposite is true, that is, balanced funds dominate life cycle funds. These results highlight that while the life cycle funds provide more downside protection, they significantly suppress the upside potential compared to balanced funds. When the starting asset allocations of the balanced and life cycle funds differ, the stochastic dominance results are inconsistent as to the efficacy of the life cycle fund strategies considered.Conclusion: The study shows that whether one fund is likely to dominate the other is strongly dependent on the underlying asset allocation strategies of the funds. Additionally, the length of the glide path and the risk and return characteristics of the investable universe are also likely to influence the findings.
Traumatic Cerrebral Fungus: Experience From an Institution in North East India
Authors: Singh Binoy Kumar , Dutta Abinash , Ahmed Shameem , Hussain Zakir , Hazarika Rajib , Singh Bineta 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBackground: Traumatic brain fungus is manifestation of neglected head injury. Although rare it is not uncommon. The patients are usually intact with good Glasgow coma (GCS) score inspite of complex injuries and exposed brain parenchyma but morbidity and mortality is very high with time if no proper and timely management is offered. There is very less study on traumatic brain fungus with no defined management protocols. So an attempt was made to explain in details the surgical strategies and other management techniques in patients with traumatic brain fungus. Aims: To study and evaluate the pattern of causation, clinical presentations, modalities of management of traumatic brain fungus and outcome after treatment. Methods: All patients with fungus cerebri, admitted to our centre from January 2012 to December 2015 were studied prospectively. All the patients were examined clinically and triaged urgently for surgery. CT head was done in all patients to look for any brain parenchymal injury. All patients were managed surgically. Outcome was assessed as per the Glassgow Outcome Score. Results: Total 10 patients were included in the study. 8 were men and 2 women. The patients' ages ranged from 3-48 years (mean 31.6 years). The interval between initial injury and protrusion ranged from 3 days to 6 days (mean 4.1 days). Mean GCS at the time of presentation was 13.2.60% of the patients (n =6) sustained moderate head injury. (GCS-9-13). Size of the fungus ranged from 5cm×3cm to 8cm×10cm. Conclusion: Early and proper local wound treatment prevents fungus formation. Pre-emptive antibiotics, AEDs and cerebral decongestants are recommended. Loose water-tight duroplasty prevents CSF leak. But mortality and morbidity can be reduced significantly if brain fungus is managed properly by applying basic surgical principles and antibiotic protocols combined with newer surgical modalities.
Rescue Measure in Giant Intracranial Meningioma Resection by Tranexamic Acid
Authors: Raghavendra H. , Varsha K. S. , Reddy M. Arun , Kumar Samsun Sujith , Sunanda G. , Nagarjuna T. , Latha Swarna 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTNeurosurgeons may find themselves in a precarious situation, while unable to secure haemostasis following tumour resection. We report intraoperative use of tranexamic acid to secure complete haemostasis as rescue measure in intracranial meningioma resection in uncontrollable bleeding.
High Frequency of Depressive Symptoms among Adults with Epilepsy: Results from a Hospital-based Study
Authors: Chandrasekharan Syam C. , Menon Vikas , Wadwekar Vaibhav , Nair Pradeep Pankajakshan 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Context: Assessment of comorbid burden of depression and associated factors among adult people living with epilepsy (PWE) has the potential to inform clinical evaluation and management to improve outcomes. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine frequency of depressive symptoms and factors associated with it among PWE attending a tertiary care hospital. Setting and Design: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the outpatient clinic of a tertiary care center. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and fifty patients with epilepsy were recruited between May 2016 and August 2016. For assessing depression, Tamil validated version of Patient Health Questionnaire-12 was used. Frequency of depression and its association with various sociodemographic and clinical factors were assessed. Statistical Analysis Used: Student t-test and Chi-square test for univariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: Of the 150 subjects, 89 (59.3%) were males. Generalized tonic–clonic seizures were present in 131 people (87.3%). Genetic and unknown epilepsies contributed higher proportion (44.7%) as compared to structural epilepsies (37.3%). Majority (88%) were on one or two antiepileptic drugs. Thirty-one people (20.3%) had less than one seizure per year. Depressive symptoms were present in 95 patients (63.3%). In multivariate regression analysis, secondary generalized seizures and seizure frequency >1/month emerged as significant predictors of depression ([OR]: 5.48 [95% (CI): 1.35–22.28] and OR: 2.53 [95% CI: 1.11–5.75], respectively). Conclusion: Depression is prevalent in a majority of adult PWE. Hence, a routine screening for depression as part of comprehensive epilepsy care is advisable for PWE attending the outpatient clinic.