bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification and regression tree analysis of acute‐on‐chronic hepatitis B liver failure: Seeing the forest for the trees
Authors: Shi K.‐Q. , Zhou Y.‐Y. , Yan H.‐D. , Li H. , Wu F.‐L. , Xie Y.‐Y. , Braddock M. , Lin X.‐Y. , Zheng M.‐H. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryAt present, there is no ideal model for predicting the short‐term outcome of patients with acute‐on‐chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF). This study aimed to establish and validate a prognostic model by using the classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. A total of 1047 patients from two separate medical centres with suspected ACHBLF were screened in the study, which were recognized as derivation cohort and validation cohort, respectively. CART analysis was applied to predict the 3‐month mortality of patients with ACHBLF. The accuracy of the CART model was tested using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, which was compared with the model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score and a new logistic regression model. CART analysis identified four variables as prognostic factors of ACHBLF: total bilirubin, age, serum sodium and INR, and three distinct risk groups: low risk (4.2%), intermediate risk (30.2%‐53.2%) and high risk (81.4%‐96.9%). The new logistic regression model was constructed with four independent factors, including age, total bilirubin, serum sodium and prothrombin activity by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The performances of the CART model (0.896), similar to the logistic regression model (0.914, P=.382), exceeded that of MELD score (0.667, P<.001). The results were confirmed in the validation cohort. We have developed and validated a novel CART model superior to MELD for predicting three‐month mortality of patients with ACHBLF. Thus, the CART model could facilitate medical decision‐making and provide clinicians with a validated practical bedside tool for ACHBLF risk stratification.
Evaluation of a Clinical Cancer Trial Research Training Workshop: Helping Nurses Build Capacity in Southwest Virginia
Authors: Burnett Camille , Bullock Linda , Collins Cathleen A. , Hauser Lindsay 
Published: September 2016

AbstractResidents of Southwest Virginia (SWVA) face significant barriers in accessing the most advanced forms of cancer care, cancer risk reduction, and clinical trials involvement. A collaboration between the University of Virginia (UVA) Cancer Center and UVA School of Nursing was forged with oncology caregivers in this region to build community capacity to support Cancer Clinical trials (CCT) by strengthening the workforce, and thus improving health outcomes for this underserved region of Appalachia. The UVA School of Nursing designed an educational workshop focusing on the basics of CCT to facilitate the development of a skilled nursing workforce in the SWVA region that could provide care to patients on protocol and/or to encourage residents to participate in trials. The goal of the workshop was to offer a CCT training session for oncology nurses that fostered the knowledge and skills necessary to facilitate and support CCT infrastructure across this high‐risk region. This evaluation reports the learning outcomes of the CCT training on 32 nurse participants from SWVA. Evaluations of the training program showed high rates of satisfaction, increased comfort level with CCTs, and increased knowledge and attitude toward CCTs. These findings provide information about a curriculum that could be useful in educating other oncology nurses and student nurses how to care for patients who may be enrolled in a clinical trial. Nurses can also be advocates for participation in clinical trials once they have the knowledge and are comfortable in their own understanding of a trial's usefulness. Educating the nursing workforce is an essential component of building capacity and infrastructure to support clinical trials research.
Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of chronic lung disease
Authors: Wecht Sophie , Rojas Mauricio 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a populace of non‐haematopoietic multipotent stromal cells, which have the ability to differentiate into tissue derived from a single germ layer. MSCs have been isolated from various sites, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, synovium, spleen, thymus, lung and amniotic fluid, but are most often isolated from bone marrow. MSCs have several valuable functions that make them a promising therapeutic option in the field of regenerative medicine, including the secretion of anti‐inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, the migration of cells to the site of injury when administered and the ability to ‘rescue’ cells through the transfer of functional mitochondria. They also offer the possibility of autologous cell transplantation, circumventing immune rejection. These properties, among others, make MSCs a promising potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of chronic lung diseases with high rates of morbidity and mortality, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), COPD and obstructive bronchiolitis (OB). Numerous animal models have shown the protective and reparative effects of MSCs in models of experimental lung injury. There are currently several clinical trials underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MSCs in the treatment of IPF, COPD and OB. While early results are encouraging, a considerable amount of research must be done concerning the safety MSCs, as well as their optimal dosage, time and route of administration. In addition, much is still unknown about the pathogenesis of these chronic lung diseases, as well as the mechanisms MSCs utilize to assist in their repair.
Dissecting Exchange Rates and Fundamentals in the Modern Floating Era: The Role of Permanent and Transitory Shocks
Authors: Chou Yu‐Hsi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we apply a permanent–transitory decomposition method to analyze the link between nominal exchange rates and fundamentals in the modern floating era. The results suggest that transitory shocks dominate nominal exchange rate fluctuations, while permanent shocks dominate the variations in fundamentals. Therefore, the findings suggest that the nominal exchange rate should not be approximated by a pure random walk. Moreover, we find that unobserved fundamentals in the Taylor rule model can explain the transitory components in exchange rates.
Neuromuscular and inflammatory responses to handball small‐sided games: the effects of physical contact
Authors: Dello Iacono A. , Eliakim A. , Padulo J. , Laver L. , Ben‐Zaken S. , Meckel Y. 
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of physical contact on neuromuscular impairments and inflammatory response during handball small‐sided games. Using a counterbalanced design, 12 elite male junior handball players were divided into two groups: contact (C‐SSG) and no‐contact (NC‐SSG), performing both contact and no‐contact small‐sided games, in reverse order on two training sessions separated by 5 days. The methodology and rules were identical for the two SSG regimens, with the only difference being the inclusion or prohibition of upper body use for physical contacts. Upper and lower body neuromuscular performances and blood concentrations of inflammatory cytokine IL‐6 were assessed before and immediately after the games. During small‐sided games, video analysis was used to establish the physical contact counts. Significant differences were found in most upper and lower limbs muscles kinetic variables and in the physical contact events (all P < 0.001) following the two training regimens. There was an increase in IL‐6 after C‐SSG and no changes following NC‐SSG (P < 0.05 and P = 0.12, respectively). Moreover, a strong correlation was found between the number of physical contacts and IL‐6 responses (r = 0.971, P < 0.001) in C‐SSG. This study indicates that an inflammatory response and large upper and lower body neuromuscular impairments result from physical contact in elite handball players. These outcomes outline the specific physiological profile of C‐SSG that, in turn, might be used by practitioners and coaches as a practical approach to strategically select exercises in athlete's overall training program.
Physical activity and motivational predictors of changes in health behavior and health among DM2 and CAD patients
Authors: Halvari H. , Healey J. , Olafsen A. H. , Byrkjeland R. , Deci E. L. , Williams G. C. 
Published: September 2016

This study tested a physical activity intervention and the self‐determination theory (SDT) process model of health‐behavior change and health among 108 adult patients with both diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients were randomly assigned to an organized physical activity intervention group (led by instructors) or a non‐physical activity control group. At baseline and after 12 months, we measured the following: needs satisfaction, autonomous and controlled motivation for physical activity, perceived competence for physical activity and blood sugar testing, physical activity and blood sugar testing, body weight, glucose control (HbA1c), and self‐perceptions of general health and vitality. The intervention produced, as hypothesized, significant changes in all study variables in favor of the experimental group (Cohen's d effect sizes: 0.23–0.72), except the non‐significant result for controlled motivation and body weight. The data supported the SDT process model, in which the effect of the intervention significantly predicted indirect changes in behavior and health through motivation variables. Considering the moderate to large effects on increases in motivation, behavior, and health, promoting organized physical activity programs that are perceived as need‐supportive may have important health implications for patients with DM2 and CAD.
The effect of density variation on photon dose calculation and its impact on intensity modulated radiotherapy and stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Liu Qiang , Liang Jian , Stanhope Carl W. , Yan Di 
Published: September 2016

PurposeInaccurate density information may introduce dose calculation errors when inhomogeneity correction is applied. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of density variation on photon dose calculation accuracy using the convolution/superposition (CS) algorithm with the focus on newer treatment technologies including intensity modulated radiotherapy, volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy, and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).MethodsCalculations were first performed using simple inhomogeneity phantoms in order to determine clinically relevant tolerance levels for different tissue types. The clinical validity of these tolerance levels was then demonstrated by evaluating their dosimetric impact on clinical treatment plans. The dose difference was examined by comparing the dose–volume histogram statistics and the spatial distribution of dose errors calculated on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis. In order to gain some insight into this issue for the Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm, the authors also performed additional validation using a MC dose calculation system.ResultsFor soft tissue and bone, the tolerance levels determined from this study appear to be consistent with the values previously calculated using simpler inhomogeneity correction methods. However, the tolerance level for low density lung tissue has been found to be much smaller than what previous studies had reported. The results from this study also suggest that if density variation is restricted within ±0.02, ±0.03, and ±0.10 g/cm3 for lung, soft tissue, and bone, respectively, the resulting dose error in target volumes can be limited to <2% for most clinical cases and <3% for more challenging lung SBRT cases. When the same amount of density variation is introduced, MC algorithm yields ∼0.3%–0.9% and ∼0.0%–1.2% smaller dose errors for the target and organs‐at‐risk as compared to CS.ConclusionsIt is important to include lung substitute material into the periodic quality assurance of CT simulators and treatment planning systems. This study suggests that the tolerance value of CT number for lung material is ∼ ± 20 HU in order to keep the associated dose uncertainty at 2%–3% or less. Further studies with larger number of lung cases are warranted to validate this new tolerance value before it can be applied to clinical practice.
Genome Sequences of 12 Bacterial Isolates Obtained from the Urine of Pregnant Women
Authors: Weimer Cory M. , Deitzler Grace E. , Robinson Lloyd S. , Park SoEun , Hallsworth-Pepin Kymberlie , Wollam Aye , Mitreva Makedonka , Lewis Warren G. , Lewis Amanda L. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

The presence of bacteria in urine can pose significant risks during pregnancy. However, there are few reference genome strains for many common urinary bacteria. We isolated 12 urinary strains of
Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Citrobacter, Gardnerella
, and
Lactobacillus
. These strains and their genomes are now available to the research community.
Complete Genome Sequence of Porcine Sapelovirus Strain USA/IA33375/2015 Identified in the United States
Authors: Chen Qi , Zheng Ying , Guo Baoqing , Zhang Jianqiang , Yoon Kyoung-Jin , Harmon Karen M. , Main Rodger G. , Li Ganwu 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The complete genome of sapelovirus A, formerly known as porcine sapelovirus (PSV), from a diarrheic pig was sequenced for the first time in the United States (designated PSV USA/IA33375/2015). It shares 87.8% to 83.9% nucleotide identities with other reported PSV strains globally and is most closely related to Asia PSV strains.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Dengue Virus Serotype 1 Genotype V Strains from Different Lineages
Authors: Vedovello Danila , Menegaldo Tauyne , Biselli-Périco Joice M. , Ullmann Leila Sabrina , Araújo Junior João Pessoa , Nogueira Maurício Lacerda 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Previous phylogenetic studies involving dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV1) have shown several lineages of genotype V circulating worldwide. After sequencing the complete genome of strains from São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, we identified a list of 50 different amino acids that differ between the two lineages, announced here.
Complete Genome Sequence of Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius NCIMB 11955, the Progenitor of a Bioethanol Production Strain
Authors: Sheng Lili , Zhang Ying , Minton Nigel P. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

The industrially important thermophile
Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius
has the potential to produce chemicals and fuels from biomass-derived sugar feedstocks. Here, we present the genome sequence of strain NCIMB 11955, the progenitor of an ethanologenic industrial strain, revealing 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 2 indels compared to strain DSM 2542 and two novel plasmids.
Draft Genome Sequences of Four Species of
Chlamydomonas
Containing Phosphatidylcholine
Authors: Hirashima Takashi , Tajima Naoyuki , Sato Naoki 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is one of the essential phospholipids for most eukaryotes. Although the model green alga
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
lacks PC, four species containing PC were found in the genus
Chlamydomonas
. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of the four species of
Chlamydomonas
containing PC.
Outcomes of keratoplasty in the mucopolysaccharidoses: an international perspective
Authors: Ohden Kaitlyn L , Pitz Susanne , Ashworth Jane , Magalhães Augusto , Marinho Diane R , Lindahl Päivi , Teär Fahnehjelm Kristina , Summers C Gail 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo describe visual outcomes after penetrating keratoplasty and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of keratoplasty in consecutive patients from Brazil, England, Finland, Germany, Portugal, Sweden and the USA. All patients had corneal clouding due to mucopolysaccharidoses. Preoperative and postoperative visual outcome and ocular comorbidities were identified. Success was arbitrarily defined as any improvement in visual acuity or best-corrected visual acuity better than logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 0.30 (20/40). Statistical analysis included only data from first operated eyes in the 16 patients who underwent bilateral keratoplasty.ResultsForty-eight eyes from 32 patients with mucopolysaccharidoses I, IV or VI are reported. Mean follow-up was 70 months (range: 5–186). Penetrating keratoplasty was performed in 45 eyes and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in 3 eyes. At last follow-up, a successful visual outcome for penetrating keratoplasty in first operated/only operated eyes was found in 63%. Rejection episodes occurred in 23% of grafts; however, a clear graft was recorded at last follow-up in 94%. Ocular pathway comorbidities were identified in 63% of eyes transplanted.ConclusionsClear corneal grafts can be obtained for patients with corneal clouding due to mucopolysaccharidosis with improvement in visual acuity in the majority.
High-intensity attosecond X-ray source generation by using low-intensity spatial inhomogeneous mid-infrared pulse combined with an ultraviolet pulse
Authors: Feng Liqiang , Liu Hang 
Published: September 2016

We theoretically investigate the high-order harmonic spectra and the attosecond pulse generation from He[Formula: see text] ion driven by the spatial inhomogeneous combined field, consisting of a two-color low-intensity mid-infrared pulse ([Formula: see text] W/cm2) and an ultraviolet (UV) pulse ([Formula: see text] W/cm2). The numerical results show that due to the spatial inhomogeneous effect, the harmonic cutoffs are remarkably extended, and a 986 eV super-continuum can be obtained. Further with the proper introduction of an UV pulse (from 60 nm to 20 nm) to the two-color field, the harmonic yields are enhanced, especially for adding the 30 nm pulse case, a 1113 eV super-continuum (corresponding to a 34.1 dB enhanced field) with less harmonic modulation and six orders of magnitude enhancement can be obtained. Similar calculations have been performed for He atom and an 896 eV super-continuum with four orders of magnitude enhancement can be produced. Time–frequency harmonic distribution and time-dependent electron populations show that the single short quantum path contribution is responsible for the less harmonic modulation and the laser-induced electron excitation is responsible for the harmonic enhancement. Finally, by properly superposing the harmonics, a series of sub-50-as pulses including the whole X-ray region with 3–6 orders of magnitude enhancement can be obtained.
Mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic activities on tungsten trioxide doped with sulfur: Dopant-type effects
Authors: Li Dan , Huang Wei-Qing , Xie Zhong , Xu Liang , Yang Yin-Cai , Hu Wangyu , Huang Gui-Fang 
Published: September 2016

The enhanced photocatalytic activity of tungsten trioxide (WO3) has been observed experimentally via doping with S element as different dopant types. Herein, a comparative study on the effect of different types of S dopant and native vacancy defects on the electronic structure and optical properties of WO3 is presented by using hybrid Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof 2006 (HSE06) density functional methods. Six possible models (S[Formula: see text]–WO3, S[Formula: see text]–WO3, V[Formula: see text]–WO3, V[Formula: see text]–WO3, S[Formula: see text] + V[Formula: see text]–WO3 and S[Formula: see text] + V[Formula: see text]–WO3) based on WO3 are tentatively put forward. It is found that cationic S doping (the substitution of W by S) is more favorable than anionic S doping (replacing O with S), and both cases become easier to form as native vacancy defect is accompanied. The electronic structures of doped WO3 depend on the type of dopant: anionic S doping results into three isolated levels in the upper part of valence band, while cationic S doping only induces an effective band gap reduction, which is critical for efficient light-to-current conversion. Interestingly, the isolated states near gap of WO3 would appear as long as native vacancy defects exist. The introduced levels or reduced band gaps make the systems responsed to the visible light, even further to a range of 400–700 nm. These findings can rationalize the available experimental results and pave the way for developing WO3-based photocatalysts.
Is High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Causally Related to Kidney Function?
Authors: Coassin Stefan , Friedel Salome , Köttgen Anna , Lamina Claudia , Kronenberg Florian 
Published: September 2016

Objective—
A recent observational study with almost 2 million men reported an association between low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and worse kidney function. The causality of this association would be strongly supported if genetic variants associated with HDL cholesterol were also associated with kidney function.

Approach and Results—

We used 68 genetic variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) associated with HDL cholesterol in genome-wide association studies including >188 000 subjects and tested their association with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using summary statistics from another genome-wide association studies meta-analysis of kidney function including ≤133 413 subjects. Fourteen of the 68 SNPs (21%) had a
P
value <0.05 compared with the 5% expected by chance (Binomial test
P
=5.8×10
−
6
). After Bonferroni correction, 6 SNPs were still significantly associated with eGFR. The genetic variants with the strongest associations with HDL cholesterol concentrations were not the same as those with the strongest association with kidney function and vice versa. An evaluation of pleiotropy indicated that the effects of the HDL-associated SNPs on eGFR were not mediated by HDL cholesterol. In addition, we performed a Mendelian randomization analysis. This analysis revealed a positive but nonsignificant causal effect of HDL cholesterol–increasing variants on eGFR.

Conclusions—
In summary, our findings indicate that HDL cholesterol does not causally influence eGFR and propose pleiotropic effects on eGFR for some HDL cholesterol–associated SNPs. This may cause the observed association by mechanisms other than the mere HDL cholesterol concentration.