bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the Special Section Value Development from Middle Childhood to Early Adulthood—New Insights from Longitudinal and Genetically Informed Research
Authors: Döring Anna K. , Daniel Ella , Knafo‐Noam Ariel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractResearch into values at an early age has only started recently, although it has expanded quickly and dynamically in the past years. The purpose of this article is twofold: First, it provides an introduction to a special section that aims to help fill the gap in value development research. The special section brings together four new longitudinal and genetically informed studies of value development from the beginning of middle childhood through early adulthood. Second, this article reviews recent research from this special section and beyond, aiming to provide new directions to the field. With new methods for assessing children's values and an increased awareness of the role of values in children's and adolescents' development, the field now seems ripe for an in‐depth investigation. Our review of empirical evidence shows that, as is the case with adults, children's values are organized based on compatibilities and conflicts in their underlying motivations. Values show some consistency across situations, as well as stability across time. This longitudinal stability tends to increase with age, although mean changes are also observed. These patterns of change seem to be compatible with Schwartz's (1992) theory of values (e.g., if the importance of openness to change values increases, the importance of conservation values decreases). The contributions of culture, family, peers, significant life events, and individual characteristics to values are discussed, as well as the development of values as guides for behavior.
Subspecific taxonomy of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae), based on molecular and morphological characters
Authors: CHAPUIS MARIE‐PIERRE , BAZELET CORINNA S. , BLONDIN LAURENCE , FOUCART ANTOINE , VITALIS RENAUD , SAMWAYS MICHAEL J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe evaluated the validity of the subspecific designation for Schistocerca gregaria gregaria (Forskål) and Schistocerca gregaria flaviventris (Burmeister), isolated in distinct regions along the north–south axis of Africa. Towards this goal, we assessed the variation of multiple morphological and molecular traits within species. We first used elliptic Fourier and landmark‐based relative warps analyses to compare the size and shape of two internal and two external structures of male genitalia. We provide a discriminant function which classified the specimens with 100% accuracy and selected shape elements of the external structures only (cercus and epiproct). We also tested eight molecular markers, and because of either absence of variation or contamination by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)‐like sequences, we used a clone‐and‐sequence analysis of the standard cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial DNA barcode only. We differentiated 185 true mitochondrial sequences from 66 mitochondrial DNA‐like sequences, most of which were from S. g. gregaria specimens. On the dataset of mitochondrial origin, we identified three characteristic point mutations that diagnosed the two allopatric subspecies with 94% accuracy. Minimum spanning network and parsimony tree analyses identified S. g. flaviventris as a monophyletic lineage distinct from the nominate subspecies. Accordingly, microsatellite data indicate rarely occurring admixture events only, showing that independent evolutionary history is the norm.
Efficacy of medical grade honey in the management of canine otitis externa – a pilot study
Authors: Maruhashi Emi , Braz Berta São , Nunes Telmo , Pomba Constança , Belas Adriana , Duarte‐Correia José Henrique , Lourenço Ana Mafalda 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance within otic pathogens has created a need for alternative therapies of otitis externa (OE). Evidence suggests that medical grade honey (MGH) may be effective against drug‐resistant pathogens.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe efficacy of a commercial MGH compound was assessed in an open clinical trial. We hypothesized that it would be an effective alternative to conventional treatments.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (n = 15) with a confirmed diagnosis of infectious OE were enrolled in this pilot study.MethodsDogs were prescribed MGH (1 mL daily per ear) until cure was achieved or for a maximum of 21 d. Evaluation was based on weekly clinical scores, cytological progression and owner assessments of pruritus. Swab samples were submitted for culture and susceptibility testing. MGH was tested for biocidal activity against the bacterial isolates.ResultsMedical grade honey promoted rapid clinical progress, with 70% of dogs achieving clinical cure between days 7 and 14 and over 90% having resolved by Day 21. There was a decrease in clinical scores throughout the duration of the trial (P < 0.001) and owner‐assessed pruritus also decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In vitro assays of the biocidal activity of MGH showed activity against all bacterial isolates, including meticillin‐resistant strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) and other species of drug‐resistant bacteria.Conclusion and clinical importanceMedical grade honey was successful in both clinical and laboratory settings, thus demonstrating its potential of becoming an alternative treatment for canine OE.
The Combination of Grazoprevir, a Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor, and Elbasvir, an HCV NS5A Inhibitor, Demonstrates a High Genetic Barrier to Resistance in HCV Genotype 1a Replicons
Authors: Lahser Frederick C. , Bystol Karin , Curry Stephanie , McMonagle Patricia , Xia Ellen , Ingravallo Paul , Chase Robert , Liu Rong , Black Todd , Hazuda Daria , Howe Anita Y. M. , Asante-Appiah Ernest 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

The selection of resistance-associated variants (RAVs) against single agents administered to patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) necessitates that direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) targeting multiple viral proteins be developed to overcome failure resulting from emergence of resistance. The combination of grazoprevir (formerly MK-5172), an NS3/4A protease inhibitor, and elbasvir (formerly MK-8742), an NS5A inhibitor, was therefore studied in genotype 1a (GT1a) replicon cells. Both compounds were independently highly potent in GT1a wild-type replicon cells, with 90% effective concentration (EC
90
) values of 0.9 nM and 0.006 nM for grazoprevir and elbasvir, respectively. No cross-resistance was observed when clinically relevant NS5A and NS3 RAVs were profiled against grazoprevir and elbasvir, respectively. Kinetic analyses of HCV RNA reduction over 14 days showed that grazoprevir and elbasvir inhibited prototypic NS5A Y93H and NS3 R155K RAVs, respectively, with kinetics comparable to those for the wild-type GT1a replicon. In combination, grazoprevir and elbasvir interacted additively in GT1a replicon cells. Colony formation assays with a 10-fold multiple of the EC
90
values of the grazoprevir-elbasvir inhibitor combination suppressed emergence of resistant colonies, compared to a 100-fold multiple for the independent agents. The selected resistant colonies with the combination harbored RAVs that required two or more nucleotide changes in the codons. Mutations in the cognate gene caused greater potency losses for elbasvir than for grazoprevir. Replicons bearing RAVs identified from resistant colonies showed reduced fitness for several cell lines and may contribute to the activity of the combination. These studies demonstrate that the combination of grazoprevir and elbasvir exerts a potent effect on HCV RNA replication and presents a high genetic barrier to resistance. The combination of grazoprevir and elbasvir is currently approved for chronic HCV infection.
Ampicillin in Combination with Ceftaroline, Cefepime, or Ceftriaxone Demonstrates Equivalent Activities in a High-Inoculum Enterococcus faecalis Infection Model
Authors: Luther Megan K. , Rice Louis B. , LaPlante Kerry L. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Ampicillin-ceftriaxone combination therapy has become a predominant treatment for serious
Enterococcus faecalis
infections, such as endocarditis. Unfortunately, ceftriaxone use is associated with future vancomycin-resistant enterococcus colonization. We evaluated
E. faecalis
in an
in vitro
pharmacodynamic model against simulated human concentration-time profiles of ampicillin plus ceftaroline, cefepime, ceftriaxone, or gentamicin. Ampicillin-cefepime and ampicillin-ceftaroline demonstrated activities similar to those of ampicillin-ceftriaxone against
E. faecalis
.
Infiltrated Macrophages Die of Pneumolysin-Mediated Necroptosis following Pneumococcal Myocardial Invasion
Authors: Gilley Ryan P. , González-Juarbe Norberto , Shenoy Anukul T. , Reyes Luis F. , Dube Peter H. , Restrepo Marcos I. , Orihuela Carlos J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae
(the pneumococcus) is capable of invading the heart. Herein we observed that pneumococcal invasion of the myocardium occurred soon after development of bacteremia and was continuous thereafter. Using immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM), we observed that
S. pneumoniae
replication within the heart preceded visual signs of tissue damage in cardiac tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Different
S. pneumoniae
strains caused distinct cardiac pathologies: strain TIGR4, a serotype 4 isolate, caused discrete pneumococcus-filled microscopic lesions (microlesions), whereas strain D39, a serotype 2 isolate, was, in most instances, detectable only using IFM and was associated with foci of cardiomyocyte hydropic degeneration and immune cell infiltration. Both strains efficiently invaded the myocardium, but cardiac damage was entirely dependent on the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin only for D39. Early microlesions caused by TIGR4 and microlesions formed by a TIGR4 pneumolysin-deficient mutant were infiltrated with CD11b
+
and Ly6G-positive neutrophils and CD11b
+
and F4/80-positive (F4/80
+
) macrophages. We subsequently demonstrated that macrophages in TIGR4-infected hearts died as a result of pneumolysin-induced necroptosis. The effector of necroptosis, phosphorylated mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), was detected in CD11b
+
and F4/80
+
cells associated with microlesions. Likewise, treatment of infected mice and THP-1 macrophages
in vitro
with the receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1) inhibitor necrostatin-5 promoted the formation of purulent microlesions and blocked cell death, respectively. We conclude that pneumococci that have invaded the myocardium are an important cause of cardiac damage, pneumolysin contributes to cardiac damage in a bacterial strain-specific manner, and pneumolysin kills infiltrated macrophages via necroptosis, which alters the immune response.
Community pharmacy-delivered interventions for public health priorities: a systematic review of interventions for alcohol reduction, smoking cessation and weight management, including meta-analysis for smoking cessation
Authors: Brown Tamara J , Todd Adam , O'Malley Claire , Moore Helen J , Husband Andrew K , Bambra Clare , Kasim Adetayo , Sniehotta Falko F , Steed Liz , Smith Sarah , Nield Lucie , Summerbell Carolyn D 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo systematically review the effectiveness of community pharmacy-delivered interventions for alcohol reduction, smoking cessation and weight management.DesignSystematic review and meta-analyses. 10 electronic databases were searched from inception to May 2014.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudy design: randomised and non-randomised controlled trials; controlled before/after studies, interrupted times series.Intervention: any relevant intervention set in a community pharmacy, delivered by the pharmacy team. No restrictions on duration, country, age, or language.Results19 studies were included: 2 alcohol reduction, 12 smoking cessation and 5 weight management. Study quality rating: 6 ‘strong’, 4 ‘moderate’ and 9 ‘weak’. 8 studies were conducted in the UK, 4 in the USA, 2 in Australia, 1 each in 5 other countries. Evidence from 2 alcohol-reduction interventions was limited. Behavioural support and/or nicotine replacement therapy are effective and cost-effective for smoking cessation: pooled OR was 2.56 (95% CI 1.45 to 4.53) for active intervention vs usual care. Pharmacy-based interventions produced similar weight loss compared with active interventions in other primary care settings; however, weight loss was not sustained longer term in a range of primary care and commercial settings compared with control. Pharmacy-based weight management interventions have similar provider costs to those delivered in other primary care settings, which are greater than those delivered by commercial organisations. Very few studies explored if and how sociodemographic or socioeconomic variables moderated intervention effects. Insufficient information was available to examine relationships between effectiveness and behaviour change strategies, implementation factors, or organisation and delivery of interventions.ConclusionsCommunity pharmacy-delivered interventions are effective for smoking cessation, and demonstrate that the pharmacy is a feasible option for weight management interventions. Given the potential reach, effectiveness and associated costs of these interventions, commissioners should consider using community pharmacies to help deliver public health services.
Randomised controlled trial evaluation of Tweet2Quit: a social network quit-smoking intervention
Authors: Pechmann Cornelia , Delucchi Kevin , Lakon Cynthia M , Prochaska Judith J 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundWe evaluated a novel Twitter-delivered intervention for smoking cessation, Tweet2Quit, which sends daily, automated communications to small, private, self-help groups to encourage high-quality, online, peer-to-peer discussions.DesignA 2-group randomised controlled trial assessed the net benefit of adding a Tweet2Quit support group to a usual care control condition of nicotine patches and a cessation website.ParticipantsParticipants were 160 smokers (4 cohorts of 40/cohort), aged 18–59 years, who intended to quit smoking, used Facebook daily, texted weekly, and had mobile phones with unlimited texting.InterventionAll participants received 56 days of nicotine patches, emails with links to the smokefree.gov cessation website, and instructions to set a quit date within 7 days. Additionally, Tweet2Quit participants were enrolled in 20-person, 100-day Twitter groups, and received daily discussion topics via Twitter, and daily engagement feedback via text.MeasuresThe primary outcome was sustained abstinence at 7, 30 and 60 days post-quit date.ResultsParticipants (mean age 35.7 years, 26.3% male, 31.2% college degree, 88.7% Caucasian) averaged 18.0 (SD=8.2) cigarettes per day and 16.8 (SD=9.8) years of smoking. Participants randomised to Tweet2Quit averaged 58.8 tweets/participant and the average tweeting duration was 47.4 days/participant. Tweet2Quit doubled sustained abstinence out to 60 days follow-up (40.0%, 26/65) versus control (20.0%, 14/70), OR=2.67, CI 1.19 to 5.99, p=0.017. Tweeting via phone predicted tweet volume, and tweet volume predicted sustained abstinence (p<0.001). The daily autocommunications caused tweeting spikes accounting for 24.0% of tweets.ConclusionsTweet2Quit was engaging and doubled sustained abstinence. Its low cost and scalability makes it viable as a global cessation treatment.Trial registration numberNCT01602536.
Inhibition of FoxM1-Mediated DNA Repair by Imipramine Blue Suppresses Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Rajamanickam Subapriya , Panneerdoss Subbarayalu , Gorthi Aparna , Timilsina Santosh , Onyeagucha Benjamin , Kovalskyy Dmytro , Ivanov Dmitri , Hanes Martha A. , Vadlamudi Ratna K. , Chen Yidong , Bishop Alexander J. , Arbiser Jack L. , Rao Manjeet K. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Purpose: The approaches aimed at inhibiting the ability of cancer cells to repair DNA strand breaks have emerged as promising targets for treating cancers. Here, we assessed the potential of imipramine blue (IB), a novel analogue of antidepressant imipramine, to suppress breast cancer growth and metastasis by inhibiting the ability of breast cancer cells to repair DNA strand breaks by homologous recombination (HR).
Experimental Design: The effect of IB on breast cancer growth and metastasis was assessed in vitro as well as in preclinical mouse models. Besides, the therapeutic efficacy and safety of IB was determined in ex vivo explants from breast cancer patients. The mechanism of action of IB was evaluated by performing gene-expression, drug–protein interaction, cell-cycle, and DNA repair studies.
Results: We show that the systemic delivery of IB using nanoparticle-based delivery approach suppressed breast cancer growth and metastasis without inducing toxicity in preclinical mouse models. Using ex vivo explants from breast cancer patients, we demonstrated that IB inhibited breast cancer growth without affecting normal mammary epithelial cells. Furthermore, our mechanistic studies revealed that IB may interact and inhibit the activity of proto-oncogene FoxM1 and associated signaling that play critical roles in HR-mediated DNA repair.
Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of IB to be applied as a safe regimen for treating breast cancer patients. Given that FoxM1 is an established therapeutic target for several cancers, the identification of a compound that inhibits FoxM1- and FoxM1-mediated DNA repair has immense translational potential for treating many aggressive cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3524–36. ©2016 AACR.
IFNγ-Dependent Interactions between ICAM-1 and LFA-1 Counteract Prostaglandin E2–Mediated Inhibition of Antitumor CTL Responses
Authors: Basingab Fatemah Salem , Ahmadi Maryam , Morgan David John 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTumor-expressed ICAM-1 interaction with LFA-1 on naïve tumor-specific CD8+ T cells not only stabilizes adhesion, but, in the absence of classical B7-mediated costimulation, is also able to provide potent alternative costimulatory signaling resulting in the production of antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. This study shows that overproduction of prostaglandin (PG) E2 by metastatic murine renal carcinoma (Renca) cells inhibited direct priming of tumor-specific CTL responses in vivo by preventing the IFNγ-dependent upregulation of ICAM-1 that is vital during the initial priming of naïve CD8+ T cells. The addition of exogenous IFNγ during naïve CD8+ T-cell priming abrogated PGE2-mediated suppression, and overexpression of ICAM-1 by tumor cells restored IFNγ production and proliferation among PGE2-treated tumor-specific CD8+ T cells; preventing tumor growth in vivo. These findings suggest that novel anticancer immunotherapies, which increase expression of ICAM-1 on tumor cells, could help alleviate PGE2-mediated immunosuppression of antitumor CTL responses. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(5); 400–11. ©2016 AACR.
Особливості просторової і структурної організації шлунка білих лабораторних щурів у нормі
Authors: Bedenyuk O. A. 
Published: March 2016

<p>Резюме. Дослідження проведено на 12 інтактних білих лабораторних щурах. Макрометрично вимірювали довжину, ширину і товщину шлунка з наступним обчисленням його об’єму. Для гістологічного дослідження забирали шматочки тканин із різних відділів шлунка. Морфометричні дослідження включали визначення товщини слизової, м’язової, серозної оболонок та підслизової основи, площі епітеліоцитів, діаметра ядер епітеліоцитів, ядерно-цитоплазматичних співвідношень (ЯЦС). Середні розміри шлунка у інтактних тварин: довжина – (3,93±0,13) см, ширина – (2,20±0,09) см, товщина – (1,45±0,08) см, об’єм шлунка у середньому складає (6,72±0,81) см³. Найбільший питомий об’єм має дно шлунка. При зовнішньому макроскопічному огляді дно шлунка за його білуватим забарвленням легко можна відрізнити від червоно-сіруватих тіла та пілоричної частини. Ще чіткіше дно шлунка можна віддиференціювати при візуальному огляді його слизової оболонки: слизова оболонка дна відмежована від тіла шлунка чіткою дугоподібною складкою або складчастим краєм. При гістологічному дослідженні складчастого краю встановлено, що його основу складає дуплікатра підслизової основи, яка зі сторони дна шлунка покрита багатошаровим плоским епітелієм, а зі сторони тіла – залозистим епітелієм. Морфометричні дослідження стінки шлунка інтактних білих лабораторних щурів дозволили встановити наступні кількісні параметри її структурних компонентів. Товщина серозної оболонки у середньому складала (7,83±0,31) мкм, м’язової – (40,17±0,75) мкм, підслизової – (24,00±0,78) мкм і слизової – (96,00±0,97) мкм. Площа ядер гладком’язових клітин (ГМК) дещо більша, ніж площа ядер залозистого епітелію, водночас питомий об’єм цитоплазми у ГМК, навпаки, менший. Відповідно до цього і показник ЯЦС у ГМК вищий, ніж у епітеліоцитів слизової.</p><p> </p><p>Ключові слова: шлунок щура, будова, морфометрія.</p>
УЛЬТРАСТРУКТУРНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ СТІНКИ СЕЧОВОГО МІХУРА ЖІНОК РАННЬОГО ТА ПІЗНЬОГО МЕНОПАУЗАЛЬНИХ ПЕРІОДІВ
Authors: Bidovanets B. Yu. , Holovata T. K. 
Published: March 2016

<p>РЕЗЮМЕ. У роботі представлені результати дослідження проявів ремоделювання структурних компонентів сечового міхура жінок у менопаузальному періоді на ультраструктурному рівні. Доведено однотипність виникнення та проґресування ультраструктурних змін залежно від віку та ступеня розладів мікрогемодинаміки. Встановлено, що у паренхіматозних та стромальних клітинах виникають неспецифічні проґредієнтні дистрофічні зміни. Виявлено морфологічні еквіваленти зниження функціональної активності ендотеліоцитів гемокапілярів, що свідчить про порушення транскапілярного обміну, поглиблення гіпоксії та посилення колагеносинтезуючої функції фібробластів.</p><p> </p>КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: сечовий міхур, менопауза.
МОРФОМЕТРИЧНА ОЦІНКА СТРУКТУРНОЇ ВІКОВОЇ ПЕРЕБУДОВИ ПІДШЛУНКОВОЇ ЗАЛОЗИ ПРИ АРТЕРІАЛЬНІЙ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЇ В МАЛОМУ КОЛІ КРОВООБІГУ
Authors: Mokra A. P. , Shulhai А. H. 
Published: March 2016

<p>РЕЗЮМЕ. Морфологічними методами вивчені особливості ремоделювання ацинарних відділів підшлункової залози молодих та старих щурів при пострезекційній артеріальній легеневій гіпертензії. Встановлено, що в умовах змодельованої патології зменшуються діаметр та площа ацинусів, настають дистрофічні зміни у екзокринних панкреатоцитах, відбуваються диспропорційні зміни об’ємних співвідношень ядра та цитоплазми, зростання показника ядерно-цитоплазматичних відношень, збільшується відносний об’єм стромального компонента. Структурні зміни підшлункової залози переважали у старих тварин.</p><p> </p>КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: підшлункова залоза, екзокринні панкреатоцити, пострезекційна легенева артеріальна гіпертензія.
ЗМІНИ ГУМОРАЛЬНОГО ІМУНІТЕТУ ПРИ ПОРУШЕННІ МЕНСТРУАЛЬНОГО ЦИКЛУ У ЖІНОК, ЩО ХВОРІЮТЬ НА ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗ
Authors: Polyova S. P. , Romaniuk O. V. 
Published: March 2016

<p>Резюме. Наведені результати досліджень стану гуморальної ланки імунітету у пацієнток з порушеннями менструального циклу, що хворіють на туберкульоз легень. Показано, що менструальний цикл у даної когорти жінок зазнає суттєвих порушень в результаті зниження функціональної здатності В-лімфоцитів, незважаючи на компенсаторне збільшення їх відносної кількості та функціональної здатності і продукції імуноглобулінів основних класів.</p><p> </p><p>Ключові слова: туберкульоз, менструальний цикл, гуморальний імунітет, діагностика.</p>