bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flip-flop Converter of Dual-bistability Using Cavity and Parametric Amplified Four-Wave Mixing
Authors: Li Kangkang , Bu Renan , Wang Xiuxiu , Chen Haixia , Zhang Dan , Li Xinghua , Zhang Yanpeng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe study the realization of dual-bistability flip-flop converter in cavity and parametrically amplified four-wave mixing (FWM) process at a four-level cavity atomic system. Using the effect of nonreciprocity optical dual-bistability, we can obtain different output multi-mode states of probe transmission signal and FWM signal. We find the channel equalization ratio and optical contrast between multi-mode states is related to the degree of dual-bistability. Besides, the degree of dual-bistability can be controlled by the input parameters (frequency detuning and powers of the dressing beams). More, using electro-optical modulator and acoustic optical modulator to modulate the powers and frequency detuning, respectively, we can realize the fast conversion between different output states. And the switch speed of this flip-flop converter is about 16 ns. These outcomes may provide foundation for the development of all-optical devices and quantum information processing.
Liver X Receptor exerts a protective effect against the oxidative stress in the peripheral nerve
Authors: Hichor Mehdi , Sundaram Venkat Krishnan , Eid Stéphanie A. , Abdel-Rassoul Ronza , Petit Patrice X. , Borderie Didier , Bastin Jean , Eid Assaad A. , Manuel Marin , Grenier Julien , Massaad Charbel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) modify proteins and lipids leading to deleterious outcomes. Thus, maintaining their homeostatic levels is vital. This study highlights the endogenous role of LXRs (LXRα and β) in the regulation of oxidative stress in peripheral nerves. We report that the genetic ablation of both LXR isoforms in mice (LXRdKO) provokes significant locomotor defects correlated with enhanced anion superoxide production, lipid oxidization and protein carbonylation in the sciatic nerves despite the activation of Nrf2-dependant antioxidant response. Interestingly, the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine counteracts behavioral, electrophysical, ultrastructural and biochemical alterations in LXRdKO mice. Furthermore, Schwann cells in culture pretreated with LXR agonist, TO901317, exhibit improved defenses against oxidative stress generated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide, implying that LXRs play an important role in maintaining the redox homeostasis in the peripheral nervous system. Thus, LXR activation could be a promising strategy to protect from alteration of peripheral myelin resulting from a disturbance of redox homeostasis in Schwann cell.
Sudden emergence of human infections with H7N9 avian influenza A virus in Hubei province, central China
Authors: Liu Jiafa , Xu Junqiang , Liu Linlin , Wei Xiaoman , Song Yi , Fang Bin , Yu Xiao , Li Xiang , Ye Guojun , Du Yingying , Chen Mingyue , Shi Weifeng , Liu Di , Holmes Edward C. , Cui Jie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere have been five waves of H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) infection in humans since its initial emergence in China in 2013, posing a significant threat to public health. Hubei province was free local transmission during the first four waves of H7N9 AIV. However, multiple cases of human H7N9 infection were reported in Hubei during January 2017. To understand the molecular epidemiology that underlies this sudden emergence, we collected samples from 14 human cases of H7N9 influenza virus from Hubei province, along with environmental samples from different locations in Hubei. Our analysis revealed that the newly emerged human H7N9 viruses were all from persons exposed to poultry and shared the same origin as the environmental sampled viruses in the Yangtze River lineage of H7N9. Notably, we also documented an earlier and distinct importation from Jiangsu province that may have established a local environmental reservoir. Our study highlights the need for continued surveillance of H7N9 in both human and avian populations in central China.
Evolution of relative magnetic helicity
Authors: Yang Shangbin , Büchner Jörg , Skála Jan , Zhang Hongqi 
Published: January 2018

Context. For a better understanding of the dynamics of the solar corona, it is important to analyse the evolution of the helicity of the magnetic field. Since the helicity cannot be directly determined by observations, we have recently proposed a method to calculate the relative magnetic helicity in a finite volume for a given magnetic field, which however required the flux to be balanced separately on all the sides of the considered volume.
Aims. We developed a scheme to obtain the vector potential in a volume without the above restriction at the boundary. We studied the dissipation and escape of relative magnetic helicity from an active region.
Methods. In order to allow finite magnetic fluxes through the boundaries, a Coulomb gauge was constructed that allows for global magnetic flux balance. The property of sinusoidal function was used to obtain the vector potentials at the 12 edges of the considered rectangular volume extending above an active region. We tested and verified our method in a theoretical fore-free magnetic field model.
Results. We applied the new method to the former calculation data and found a difference of less than 1.2%. We also applied our method to the magnetic field above active region NOAA 11429 obtained by a new photospheric-data-driven magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model code GOEMHD3. We analysed the magnetic helicity evolution in the solar corona using our new method. We find that the normalized magnetic helicity (H∕Φ2) is equal to −0.038 when fast magnetic reconnection is triggered. This value is comparable to the previous value (−0.029) in the MHD simulations when magnetic reconnection happened and the observed normalized magnetic helicity (−0.036) from the eruption of newly emerging active regions. We find that only 8% of the accumulated magnetic helicity is dissipated after it is injected through the bottom boundary. This is in accordance with the Woltjer conjecture. Only 2% of the magnetic helicity injected from the bottom boundary escapes through the corona. This is consistent with the observation of magnetic clouds, which could take magnetic helicity into the interplanetary space. In the case considered here, several halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and two X-class solar flares originate from this active region.
Probing sunspots with two-skip time–distance helioseismology
Authors: Duvall Thomas L. , Cally Paul S. , Przybylski Damien , Nagashima Kaori , Gizon Laurent 
Published: January 2018

Context.Previous helioseismology of sunspots has been sensitive to both the structural and magnetic aspects of sunspot structure.Aims.We aim to develop a technique that is insensitive to the magnetic component so the two aspects can be more readily separated.Methods.We study waves reflected almost vertically from the underside of a sunspot. Time–distance helioseismology was used to measure travel times for the waves. Ray theory and a detailed sunspot model were used to calculate travel times for comparison.Results.It is shown that these large distance waves are insensitive to the magnetic field in the sunspot. The largest travel time differences for any solar phenomena are observed.Conclusions.With sufficient modeling effort, these should lead to better understanding of sunspot structure.
Utilizing This New Medium of Mass Communication: The Regional Film Distribution Programme at the Cleveland Public Library, 1948–1951
Authors: Stauffer Suzanne 
Published: January 2018

In 1948, the Carnegie Corporation made grants of $25,000 to the Cleveland Public Library and $15,000 to the Missouri State Library to set up three-year regional educational film distribution programmes in northern Ohio and in Missouri of 16 mm reel-to-reel motion picture films. In Cleveland, films were distributed within a consortium of ten library systems in the region; twenty library systems participated in Missouri. These successful programmes served as models for other library systems and lasted well into the last quarter of the twentieth century, when 16 mm reel-to-reel motion picture films in libraries were replaced with videocassettes and later DVDs and the programmes were no longer necessary. This paper explores the antecedents of the programme at the Cleveland Public Library as well as the careers of the two women, Patricia Blair and Virginia Beard, who were responsible for the design of the programme and for its success. Both became nationally recognized experts on the use of 16 mm films in public libraries and rose to national prominence in the American Library Association.
White Blood Cell Count Improves Prediction of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Al-Mufti Fawaz , Misiolek Kalina Anna , Roh David , Alawi Aws , Bauerschmidt Andrew , Park Soojin , Agarwal Sachin , Meyers Philip M , Connolly E Sander , Claassen Jan , Schmidt J Michael 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Immune dysregulation has long been implicated in the development of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship of inflammatory cell biomarkers with DCI.

METHODS
We evaluated 849 aSAH patients who were enrolled into a prospective observational cohort study and had a white blood cell (WBC) differential obtained within 72 h of bleed onset.

RESULTS
WBC count > 12.1 × 109/L (odds ratio 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9–11, P < 0.001) was the strongest Complete Blood Count (CBC) predictor of DCI after controlling for clinical grade (P < .001), thickness of SAH blood on admission computed tomography (P = .002), and clipping aneurysm repair (P < .001). A significant interaction between clinical grade and WBC count (odds ratio 0.8, 95% CI: 0.6–1.0, P = .02) revealed that good-grade patients with elevated WBC counts (49%: 273/558) had increased odds for DCI indistinguishable from poor-grade patients. Multivariable Cox regression also showed that elevated WBC counts in good-grade patients increased the hazard for DCI to that of poor-grade patients (hazard ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.2, P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of good-grade patients revealed that WBC count (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.63) is a stronger DCI predictor than the modified Fisher score (AUC: 0.57) and significantly improves multivariable DCI prediction models (Z = 2.0, P = .02, AUC: 0.73; PPV: 34%; NPV: 92%).

CONCLUSION
Good-grade patients with early elevations in WBC count have a similar risk and hazard for DCI as poor-grade patients. Good-grade patients without elevated WBC may be candidates to be safely downgraded from the intensive care unit, leading to cost savings for both patient families and hospitals.
Assessing the impact of air pollution on childhood asthma morbidity: how, when, and what to do
Authors: Burbank Allison J. , Peden David B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose of review
Exposure to air pollutants is linked with poor asthma control in children and represents a potentially modifiable risk factor for impaired lung function, rescue medication use, and increased asthma-related healthcare utilization. Identification of the most relevant pollutants to asthma as well as susceptibility factors and strategies to reduce exposure are needed to improve child health.

Recent findings
The current available literature supports the association between pollutants and negative asthma outcomes. Ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and presence of certain gene polymorphisms may impact susceptibility to the negative health effects of air pollution. Improved air quality standards were associated with better asthma outcomes.

Summary
The link between air pollution and pediatric asthma morbidity is supported by the recent relevant literature. Continued efforts are needed to identify the most vulnerable populations and develop strategies to reduce exposures and improve air quality.
Delivering on the Promise of CLER: A Patient Safety Rotation That Aligns Resident Education With Hospital Processes
Authors: Patel Ekta , Muthusamy Veena , Young John Q. 
Published: January 2018

Problem
Residency programs must provide training in patient safety. Yet, significant gaps exist among published patient safety curricula. The authors developed a rotation designed to be scalable to an entire residency, built on sound pedagogy, aligned with hospital safety processes, and effective in improving educational outcomes.

Approach
From July 2015 to May 2017, each second-year resident completed the two-week rotation. Residents engaged the foundational science asynchronously via multiple modalities and then practiced applying key concepts during a mock root cause analysis. Next, each resident performed a special review of an actual adverse patient event and presented findings to the hospital’s Special Review Committee (SRC). Multiple educational outcomes were assessed, including resident satisfaction and attitudes (postrotation survey), changes in knowledge via pre- and posttest, quality of the residents’ written safety analyses and oral presentations (per survey of SRC members), and organizational changes that resulted from the residents’ reviews.

Outcomes
Twenty-two residents completed the rotation. Most components were rated favorably; 80% (12/15 respondents) indicated interest in future patient safety work. Knowledge improved by 44.3% (P < .0001; pretest mean 23.7, posttest mean 34.2). Compared to faculty, SRC members rated the quality of residents’ written reviews as superior and the quality of the rated oral presentations as either comparable or superior. The reviews identified a variety of safety vulnerabilities and led to multiple corrective actions.

Next Steps
The authors will evaluate the curriculum in a controlled trial with better measures of change in behavior. Further tests of the curriculum’s scalability to other contexts are needed.
A Narrative Review of Cardiovascular Abnormalities After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Lele Abhijit , Lakireddy Viharika , Gorbachov Sergii , Chaikittisilpa Nophanan , Krishnamoorthy Vijay , Vavilala Monica S. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
The recommended cardiac workup of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) includes an electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac troponin. However, abnormalities in other cardiovascular domains may occur. We reviewed the literature to examine the spectrum of observed cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with ICH.

Methods:
A narrative review of cardiovascular abnormalities in ECG, cardiac biomarkers, echocardiogram, and hemodynamic domains was conducted on patients with ICH.

Results:
We searched PubMed for articles using MeSH Terms “heart,” “cardiac,” hypertension,” “hypotension,” “blood pressure,” “electro,” “echocardio,” “troponin,” “beta natriuretic peptide,” “adverse events,” “arrhythmi,” “donor,” “ICH,” “intracerebral hemorrhage.” Using Covidence software, 670 articles were screened for title and abstracts, 482 articles for full-text review, and 310 extracted. A total of 161 articles met inclusion and exclusion criteria, and, included in the manuscript. Cardiovascular abnormalities reported after ICH include electrocardiographic abnormalities (56% to 81%) in form of prolonged QT interval (19% to 67%), and ST-T changes (19% to 41%), elevation in cardiac troponin (>0.04 ng/mL), and beta-natriuretic peptide (BNP) (>156.6 pg/mL, up to 78%), echocardiographic abnormalities in form of regional wall motion abnormalities (14%) and reduced ejection fraction. Location and volume of ICH affect the prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities. Prolonged QT interval, elevated troponin-I, and BNP associated with increased in-hospital mortality after ICH. Blood pressure control after ICH aims to preserve cerebral perfusion pressure and maintain systolic blood pressure between 140 and 179 mm Hg, and avoid intensive blood pressure reduction (110 to 140 mm Hg). The recipients of ICH donor hearts especially those with reduced ejection fraction experience increased early mortality and graft rejection.

Conclusions:
Various cardiovascular abnormalities are common after spontaneous ICH. The workup of patients with spontaneous ICH should involve 12-lead ECG, cardiac troponin-I, as well as BNP, and echocardiogram to evaluate for heart failure. Blood pressure control with preservation of cerebral perfusion pressure is a cornerstone of hemodynamic management after ICH. The perioperative implications of hemodynamic perturbations after ICH warrant urgent further examination.
Quantitative Assessment of Knee Progression Angle During Gait in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Davids Jon R. , Cung Nina Q. , Pomeroy Robin , Schultz Brooke , Torburn Leslie , Kulkarni Vedant A. , Brown Sean , Bagley Anita M. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Abnormal hip rotation is a common deviation in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Clinicians typically assess hip rotation during gait by observing the direction that the patella points relative to the path of walking, which is referred to as the knee progression angle (KPA). Two kinematic methods for calculating the KPA are compared with each other. Video-based qualitative assessment of KPA is compared with the quantitative methods to determine reliability and validity.

Methods:
The KPA was calculated by both direct and indirect methods for 32 typically developing (TD) children and a convenience cohort of 43 children with hemiplegic type CP. An additional convenience cohort of 26 children with hemiplegic type CP was selected for qualitative assessment of KPA, performed by 3 experienced clinicians, using 3 categories (internal, >10 degrees; neutral, −10 to 10 degrees; and external, >−10 degrees).

Results:
Root mean square (RMS) analysis comparing the direct and indirect KPAs was 1.14+0.43 degrees for TD children, and 1.75+1.54 degrees for the affected side of children with CP. The difference in RMS among the 2 groups was statistically, but not clinically, significant (P=0.019). Intraclass correlation coefficient revealed excellent agreement between the direct and indirect methods of KPA for TD and CP children (0.996 and 0.992, respectively; P<0.001).
For the qualitative assessment of KPA there was complete agreement among all examiners for 17 of 26 cases (65%). Direct KPA matched for 49 of 78 observations (63%) and indirect KPA matched for 52 of 78 observations (67%).

Conclusions:
The RMS analysis of direct and indirect methods for KPA was statistically but not clinically significant, which supports the use of either method based upon availability. Video-based qualitative assessment of KPA showed moderate reliability and validity. The differences between observed and calculated KPA indicate the need for caution when relying on visual assessments for clinical interpretation, and demonstrate the value of adding KPA calculation to standard kinematic analysis.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—diagnostic test.
Impact of a Community-Based Healthy Lifestyle Program on Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Driver Simon , Reynolds Megan , Woolsey Anne , Callender Librada , Prajapati Purvi K. , Bennett Monica , Kramer Kaye 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
To examine adherence with and effect of an evidence-based healthy lifestyle intervention modified for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design:
Pre-/postintervention without control.

Setting:
Community.

Participants:
Eighteen individuals with TBI: primarily male (61%), white (67%), with private insurance (50%). Mean age was 45.6 ± 12.3 years, weight 210 ± 42.6 lb, and body mass index 31.8 ± 4.6 (obese category) at baseline.

Interventions:
The primary goal of the Diabetes Prevention Program Group Lifestyle Balance program is 5% to 7% weight loss through increased physical activity and improved dietary behaviors.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Adherence (ie, session attendance and self-monitoring of dietary behaviors), physiologic changes (ie, weight loss, blood pressure; waist and arm circumference; and lipid profile), and quality of life (ie, self-reported health, quality of life, and step count).

Results:
Average participant attendance (85% over 12 months) and self-monitoring (90% over 6 months) were high. Significant decreases were observed in diastolic blood pressure and waist and arm circumference from baseline through 12 months and from baseline to 3 months only for weight and total cholesterol. No significant changes were observed in self-reported health, quality of life, or step count.

Conclusions:
Participants demonstrated high adherence with the program, suggesting that individuals with TBI are able to successfully engage in the program and achieve significant weight loss and changes in key physiologic outcomes.
TRAUMATIC MACULAR HOLE CLOSURE AND VISUAL IMPROVEMENT AFTER TOPICAL NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUG TREATMENT
Authors: Li Albert S. , Ferrone Philip J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To report a case of pediatric traumatic macular hole that closed with visual improvement after treatment with topical ketorolac.

Methods:
Retrospective case report.

Results:
A 15-year-old girl presented with persistent left blurred vision after being hit with a soccer ball 2 months before. Visual acuity was 20/40 with a full-thickness macular hole with cystoid macular edema. After treatment with ketorolac 0.4% four times a day for a month, the hole closed with resolution of the cystoid macular edema but some remaining subretinal fluid. The ketorolac was tapered over the following month, and the subretinal fluid resolved during the subsequent months. At 10 months after initial presentation, patient's vision was 20/20 with a normal foveal contour, no subretinal fluid, and minimal ellipsoid zone disruption.

Conclusion:
Topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug treatment may play a role in the resolution of traumatic macular holes with cystoid macular edema.
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE BESTROPHINOPATHY: MULTIMODAL IMAGING UPDATE
Authors: Kalevar Ananda , Chen Judy J. , McDonald H. Richard , Fu Arthur D. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy is part of the diverse spectrum of retinal diseases caused by mutations in the BEST1 gene.

Methods:
A case report.

Results:
We present a case that highlights the classic retinal findings of autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy with an emphasis on modern multimodal imaging.

Conclusion:
We describe modern multimodal imaging in an individual with a BEST1 gene mutation and clinical findings consistent with an autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy.