bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Fetal Findings Associated With a Global Sphericity Index of the 4‐Chamber View Below the 5th Centile
Authors: DeVore Greggory R. , Satou Gary , Sklansky Mark 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the global sphericity index (GSI) of the 4‐chamber view and correlate the results with abnormal ultrasound findings.MethodsThe epicardial end‐diastolic basal‐apical length (BAL) and transverse length (TL) of the 4‐chamber view were measured to compute the GSI (BAL/TL) in 200 control fetuses between 20 and 40 weeks' gestation. Three hundred study fetuses were prospectively examined between 17 and 39 weeks' gestation. The GSI, Z score, and centile were computed for each of the fetuses.ResultsThe GSI (1.233; SD, 0.0953) in the control fetuses was independent of gestational age. Eighteen percent of the study fetuses (55 of 300) had a GSI below the 5th centile (<1.08), of whom 96% (53 of 55) had additional abnormal ultrasound findings. Fetuses with an estimated fetal weight below the 10th centile had a significantly (P < .05) higher rate of an umbilical artery Doppler pulsatility index above the 95th centile (27% versus 17.7%), a middle cerebral artery Doppler pulsatility index below the 5th centile (27% versus 0%), an abnormal cerebroplacental ratio (27% versus 4.5%), and an amniotic fluid index of less than 5 cm (36% versus 9%). The TL was significantly increased compared with the BAL in fetuses with cardiac dysfunction, irrespective of the estimated fetal weight.ConclusionsAn abnormal GSI below the 5th centile is associated with abnormal fetal ultrasound findings.
Disparities in health in the United States: An overview of the social determinants of health for otolaryngologists
Authors: Bergmark Regan W. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesSocial determinants of health include social and demographic factors such as poverty, education status, race and ethnicity, gender, insurance status, and other factors that influence (1) development of illness, (2) ability to obtain and utilize healthcare, and (3) health and healthcare outcomes. In otolaryngology, as in other subspecialty surgical fields, we are constantly confronted by patients’ social and demographic circumstances including poverty, language barriers, and lack of health insurance and yet there is limited research on how these factors impact health equity in our field, or how attention to these patient characteristics may improve health equity. This review provides the reader with a framework to understand the social determinants of health including how socioeconomic status, insurance status, race, gender, and other factors impact health.Data Sources and Review MethodsFoundational papers on the social determinants of health are reviewed, as well as otolaryngology publications focused on health and healthcare disparities.ResultsThe social determinants of health have a major impact on patient health as well as healthcare utilization, but there is a relative lack of data on these factors and how they can be addressed within otolaryngology. Incorporating tools to measure social and demographic characteristics and actually report on these measures is a first simple step to increase the data on the social determinants of health as they pertain to otolaryngology.ConclusionMore research is needed on the social determinants of health, and how they impact otolaryngic disease. Medicare's Accountable Care Organization models will increasingly change the way in which physicians are reimbursed, making the social determinants of health central not only to our moral conscience but also the bottom line.Level of Evidence4
Endoscopic unilateral transethmoid‐paraseptal approach to the central skull base
Authors: Eördögh Márton , Briner Hans Rudolf , Simmen Daniel , Jones Nicholas , Reisch Robert 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThe endoscopic technique in transnasal skull base surgery offers optimal visualization and free manipulation in the surgical field. However, it may cause approach‐related sinonasal injury, influencing patients' quality of life (QOL). To minimize rhinological morbidity without restrictions in surgical manipulation and tumor resection, we introduced the unilateral transethmoidal‐paraseptal approach. In this article, we analyzed the long‐term results and sinonasal outcome of this technique.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of medical records.MethodsForty‐two consecutive patients underwent surgery between June 2010 and March 2014 using the transethmoid‐paraseptal approach. Perioperative work‐up included neurological, radiological, endocrinological, ophthalmological, and rhinological analysis. Patients' preoperative, 1‐month and 1‐year postoperative QOL was measured using the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22).ResultsAt all individuals, a unilateral transethmoid‐paraseptal approach was performed. Removal of the turbinates, posterior septal resection or a conversion to biportal surgery could be avoided in all cases. There were no intraoperative neurovascular complications. All patients had a notable improvement in any disease‐related symptoms, as well as by objective criteria. Complete tumor resection was aimed in 39 cases and achieved in 31 of them. The SNOT‐22 scores transiently worsened 1 month after surgery and non‐significantly improved after 1 year, compared with the preoperative status. A subgroup of 7 patients with preoperative sinonasal disease evidence showed continuous significant improvement (p < .05) of SNOT‐22 scores across time. The smell screening tests showed no significant difference across time.ConclusionThe described approach allows safe removal of various skull base lesions without deterioration in sinonasal QOL and smell function.Level of Evidence4.
A Vinayak slotted rectangular microstrip patch antenna design for C‐band applications
Authors: Kaushal Deepanshu , Shanmuganantham T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe design of a Vinayak slotted rectangular microstrip patch antenna that offers a quad band resonance with significant characteristics to serve applications including radio determination, satellite, mobile, and space research is proposed. The design uses a 146 mm × 90 mm × 1.6 mm FR4 epoxy substrate and a coaxial feeding mechanism. The simulation software used is HFSS‐15 and the design has been analyzed for its standard parameters including the reflection coefficient, bandwidth, radiation pattern, gain, VSWR, directivity, and distribution of fields. The experimental and the measured values are in close agreement.
A novel UHF Minkowski fractal antenna for partial discharge detection
Authors: Wang Feng , Bin Feng , Sun Qiuqin , Fan Jingmin , Liang Fangwei , Xiao Xuanyi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA compact and wideband ultra‐high‐frequency antenna is developed in this work. Based on the Minkowski fractal geometry of the lateral boundaries of monopole and the upper boundary of ground plane, miniaturization is realized. Meanwhile, by optimizing the dimension of the semi‐elliptical part of monopole and the triangular notch of ground plane, the impedance bandwidth is enhanced. To confirm the performance of antenna, a series of experiments are conducted. The size and ratio bandwidth of antenna are compared with existing broadband ones. The proposed antenna with size of 0.3 λL × 0.25 λL covers the frequency ranging from 700 MHz to more than 3 GHz and possesses an average gain of 4.08 dBi.
Transimpedance amplifier with an integrated analog equalizer
Authors: Choi J. H. , Yan L. , Bach H.‐G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present a transimpedance amplifier in the optical receiver front‐end featuring with an integrated equalizer up to 45 Gb s−1. It integrates a Schottky‐junction varactor diode at the input. The equalization in frequency‐domain can be achieved by varying the applied voltage at the Schottky diode. For this end, the proposed circuit was fabricated and measured in both frequency and time‐domain. By measuring S‐parameters up to 45 GHz and eye‐waveforms at 40 and 45 Gb s−1, the proposed circuit manifests its functionality as the transimpedance amplifier with an integrated analog equalizer.
Compact triple‐band circularly polarized monopole antenna for WLAN and WiMAX applications
Authors: Tang Hongyan , Wang Ke , Wu Runmiao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA novel compact triple‐band circularly polarized monopole antenna has been proposed for wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The antenna composes of a square patch etched with an X‐shaped slit and an improved ground plane. Furthermore, an inverted‐L slit is embedded in the square patch to improve axial ratio (AR) and impedance bandwidth. With a compact size of 44 × 46 × 1.5 mm3, the proposed antenna provides a relative wide 3‐dB AR bandwidth of 24.2% (2.22–2.83 GHz), 25.9% (2.92–3.79 GHz), and 9.3% (5.45–5.98 GHz), which successfully covering the bands of WLAN (2.4–2.484 GHz and 5.725‐5.850 GHz) and WiMAX (3.3–3.6 GHz).
Circularly polarized two‐layer conical DRA based on metamaterial
Authors: Gharsallah Hamed , Osman Lotfi , Latrach Lassaad 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this article, we propose a conical dielectric resonator antenna with metamaterial operating in the C band and excited by a circular polarization. The circular polarization of the antenna is produced by an inclination of 45° on the two environments with a different dielectric constant of the slot excitation. The metamaterial is superimposed on the antenna by
and thus allows to increase the gain of 3 dB in all the bandwidth. Simulation results are carried out using Ansoft's HFSS software. The parametric study of the antenna has been performed by varying the permittivity ɛ2 and the radius a2 in a first step and by adding the metamaterial in a second step. The obtained bandwidths of the conical dielectric resonator antenna without and with metamaterial are 1.14 GHz and 1.07 GHz, respectively, with a corresponding increase in gain of about 3 dB.
Downscaling method of target geometries with minimum distortions on statistical features of radar cross sections for 77‐GHz automotive radars
Authors: Lee D. , Byun G. , Kim H. , Choo H. , Park J.‐E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article proposes a downscaling method of radar targets using the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov (K‐S) test to reduce the computational load of the radar cross section (RCS) simulation for 77‐GHz automotive radars. The proposed method is employed to various target geometries, whose shapes are determined by the geometrical factor (GF), and their sizes are adjusted using a linear scale factor (SF). For each target geometry, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) is calculated by using the RCSs that are obtained from various observation angles and frequency points. Then, the K‐S test is applied for the CDF to investigate a proper scaling factor that maintains the K‐S test value of less than 0.1. The proposed method is also extended to a commercial vehicle to further verify the feasibility, and the results show that the geometries of hexahedrons and the vehicle can be downscaled by the factors of 0.6 and 0.8, respectively, without a significant distortion on the statistical features.
Radiation enhanced vivaldi antenna with shaped dielectric cover
Authors: Li Xiang‐Xiang , Lu Bao‐Jun , Sang Lei , Zhang Yan‐Mei , Lv Guo‐Qiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGain curve of the conventional Vivaldi antenna (CVA) decreases at higher frequencies. A dielectric cover is proposed to correct this problem. The detailed analysis, design and discussion for the CVA with shaped dielectrics (SDCVA) have been carried out. Both the CVA and the DSCVA are fabricated and tested. The results show good agreement with the simulated ones. The measured results show that the proposed SDCVA provides a gain variation of 5.2–14.2 dBi in the wide operating range from 3.5 to 16.5 GHz, which corresponds to a gain enhancement of 0.5–6.5 dBi compared to the CVA. In addition, the E‐plane half power beamwidths are narrowed significantly at higher frequencies. An average improvement of 3.58 dB is achieved in terms of the front‐to‐back ratio. The sidelobe levels, on average, are reduced by 5.88 dB and 3.47 dB for E‐plane and H‐plane, respectively.
Methods of suppression of cross‐polarized power for the CPW‐fed monopole antenna
Authors: Wang Chien‐Jen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this article, we propose several techniques for radiation characteristics improvement of a coplanar waveguide‐fed monopole antenna with an asymmetric ground plane. Although utilization of an asymmetric ground plane provides wideband impedance characteristics, the cross‐polarization of the monopole antenna increases, resulting from the unbalanced horizontal currents of the ground plane. The proposed techniques, which include etching a notch at the feedline, embedding a slot array in the ground plane, and adding several conducting strips on the top and bottom planes, are used to suppress cross‐polarized power. From the simulated and measured results, it can be observed that the ratios of the maximum co‐polarized power to the maximum cross‐polarized power have been enhanced at the operating bands. The mechanisms of cross‐polarization suppression are explained by using current density distributions.
Fractal broken‐cross with Jerusalem load absorber for multiband application with polarization independence
Authors: Heydari Samaneh , Jahangiri Payam , Sharifi Alireza , Zarrabi Ferdows B. , Saee Arezomand Afsaneh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe microwave absorber is important in various applications and metamaterial shapes are noticed for multiband application. In this paper, we have developed a microwave absorber based on the broken cross with Jerusalem load for multiband application and in addition the prototype structure shows polarization independence for 0° to 60° incident wave angle. In this article, we have proposed and analyzed a microwave absorber based on the fractal broken cross with Jerusalem load in unit cells for multiband applications. This absorber is simulated with CST by FIT numerical method with periodic boundary condition and prototype structure have fabricated over FR‐4 low cost substrate for dual band application and test in the chamber room. We have done parametric studies about the arms and parasitic elements on absorption manner and resonances. The current distribution shows that how the symmetrical shape is made uniform distribution and made independent of the incident wave polarization. As a result, the designed MA is useful for microwave application in medical imaging and communication systems.
Curved coupled‐line resonators for microwave filter applications
Authors: Alighanbari A. , Hajitashakkori R. , Ramahi O. M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPlanar resonant structures made of curved coupled microstrip and slot lines and their application for microwave filtering are presented. The prominent feature of the proposed resonators is their wide bandwidth. It is demonstrated that such resonators are useful for microwave band‐reject and low‐pass filtering applications. The proposed structures were compared with split‐ring resonators (SRRs) and complementary split‐ring resonators (CSRRs). The size of the filters made with the proposed resonators was similar to those made with SRR and CSRR; however, their bandwidths were larger. Prototypes were fabricated and tested.
Transfer efficiency of a misalignment of resonators in MR‐WPT for a laptop computer with SGR
Authors: Kang Seok Hyon , Jung Chang Won 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study analyzed the effect of a misalignment of resonators on a magnetic resonant wireless power transfer (MR‐WPT) for a practical laptop computer with a slit ground resonator (SGR). MR‐WPT can be used in many applications for charging mobile devices, such as laptop computers, tablet PCs, and smartphones. We proposed a wireless power‐charging system from a transmitter on a desk or table to the receiver imbedded on a laptop computer. However, transfer efficiency decreased because of the misalignment between the movable receiver and the transmitter. This misalignment could have undue influence on the transfer power of MR‐WPT. To verify the effect of a misalignment of resonators on MR‐WPT, we simulated mutual inductance according to the misaligned distance between the transmitter and the receiver. Moreover, we experimentally proved this relationship through a practical laptop model with an SGR in MR‐WPT.
Transmission in single mode telecom fiber below the cut‐off wavelength
Authors: Kowalczyk M. , Stepniak G. , Maksymiuk L. , Siuzdak J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA method of transmission in a single mode fiber below the cut‐off wavelength is proposed. It makes use of the periodic structure of the frequency response of bimodal fiber link and does not require optical filtering. The throughputs of around 1 Gbps were obtained for 5 km SM fiber at 850 nm.
Varactor‐incorporated bandpass filter with reconfigurable frequency and bandwidth
Authors: Kumar Amarjit , Pathak Nagendra Prasad 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report a varactor‐loaded tunable microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) with reconfigurable center frequency and bandwidth. The effects of loading varactors at intercoupled stepped‐impedance resonator (SIR) resonator and at tapped input/output port coupled‐lines are studied. Tuning elements are properly loaded at the middle of the coupled‐line sections for achieving tunable center frequency and bandwidth performance. Initial BPF (without loading varactors) is based on a half‐wavelength (λg/2–) coupled stepped‐impedance resonator (CSIR) structure. For the validation of the proposed concept, a hardware prototype is fabricated and characterized. A total of three varactors are used as the tuning elements. Only two dc control voltages are used for tuning the center frequency and bandwidth.
Highly miniaturized dual band patch antenna loaded with metamaterial unit cell
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Abegaonkar Mahesh P. , Koul Shiban K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA highly miniaturized low profile dual band patch antenna loaded with metamaterial unit cell is proposed. The metamaterial unit cell consist of inter digital capacitor (IDC) and a novel modified circular slot ring resonator (MCsRR). The novel MCsRR is a low frequency compact circular slot ring resonator. A microstrip patch antenna circuit analysis depicts that increase in series capacitance can decrease half wavelength resonance frequency, thus reducing electrical size of patch antenna with significant antenna gain. The transmission‐line model of unit cell is analyzed to study pass band characteristic at resonating bands. The proposed antenna have dual band operation with reasonable gain of 2.84 dBi at first center frequency 3.15 GHz with bandwidth of 150 MHz and 3.86 dBi at second center frequency 5.28 GHz with bandwidth of 140 MHz, even though the electrical size of proposed antenna is only 0.199λ × 0.199λ × 0.008λ. The electrical size of proposed patch antenna is miniaturized by 60.10%.
Technical Note: Angular dependence of a 2D monolithic silicon diode array for small field dosimetry
Authors: Stansook Nauljun , Utitsarn Kananan , Petasecca Marco , Newall Matthew K. , Duncan Mitchell , Nitschke Kym , Carolan Martin , Metcalfe Peter , Lerch Michael L.F. , Perevertaylo Vladimir L. , Tomé Wolfgang A. , Rosenfeld Anatoly B. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the 2D monolithic silicon diode array size of 52 × 52 mm2 (MP512) angular response. An angular correction method has been developed that improves the accuracy of dose measurement in a small field.MethodsThe MP512 was placed at the center of a cylindrical phantom, irradiated using 6 MV and 10 MV photons and incrementing the incidence of the beam angle in 15° steps from 0° to 180°, and then in 1° steps between 85° and 95°. The MP512 response was characterized for square field sizes varying between 1 × 1 cm2 and 10 × 10 cm2. The angular correction factor was obtained as the ratio of MP512 response to EBT3 film measured doses as a function of the incidence angle (Ɵ) and was normalized at 0° incidence angle. Beam profiles of the corrected MP512 responses were compared with the EBT3 responses to verify the effectiveness of the method adopted.ResultsThe intrinsic angular dependence of the MP512 shows maximum relative deviation from the response normalized to 0° of 18.5 ± 0.5% and 15.5 ± 0.5% for 6 MV and 10 MV, respectively, demonstrating that the angular response is sensitive to the energy. In contrast, the variation of angular response is less affected by field size. Comparison of cross‐plane profiles measured by the corrected MP512 and EBT3 shows an agreement within ±2% for all field sizes when the beams irradiated the array at 0°, 45°, 135°, and 180° angles of incidence from the normal to the detector plane. At 90° incidence, corresponding to a depth dose measurement, up to a 6% discrepancy was observed for a 1 × 1 cm2 field of 6 MV.ConclusionAn angular correction factor can be adopted for small field sizes. Measurements discrepancies could be encountered when irradiating with very small fields parallel to the detector plane. Using this approach, the MP512 is shown to be a suitable detector for 2D dose mapping of small field size photon beams.