bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic Sigmoid Vaginoplasty in an Adolescent Girl With Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome
Authors: Boztosun Abdullah , Olgan Safak 
Published: April 2016

Background
Sigmoid vaginoplasty has carved a niche for itself in reconstructive genitoplasty. We describe the successful use of a robotically assisted sigmoid vaginoplasty in an adolescent girl with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome.

Case
An 18-year-old girl was referred to our hospital with the complaint of primary amenorrhea. She was thoroughly evaluated and magnetic resonance imaging was done, which revealed absence of a vagina and uterus but bilateral normal ovaries. Because cytogenetic analysis was “normal 46,XX” karyotype, Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome was diagnosed. She was successfully managed by the use of robot-isolated sigmoid colon segment for vaginal replacement and robot-sewn colon-colon anastomosis. A follow-up was done at the 3rd and 6th months, which revealed a large capacious vagina even without self-dilatation.

Conclusions
The robotic approach is feasible and can produce satisfying postoperative outcomes and might be a minimally invasive technique in future vaginoplasty surgery.
Effective Treatment of Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia With Oxcarbazepine
Authors: Kumar Aditya , Szekely Anna , Jabbari Bahman 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) is a rare chronic disorder characterized by intermittent, non–movement-related involuntary movements. The response to currently available therapies is inconsistent and temporary. We describe here a patient with infantile-onset PNKD who failed a number of pharmaceutical agents used alone or in combination. Treatment with oxcarbazepine resulted in a substantial reduction in the frequency and severity of episodes. The patient has been followed for 4 years now, and the outcome of treatment is consistently favorable. Oxcarbazepine has been effective in managing the kinesigenic form of this disorder; however, its use has never been reported in PNKD to our knowledge. Oxcarbazepine is safer and better tolerated than most of the drugs currently used for treating PNKD, but blinded clinical trials are needed to verify its efficacy in the management of this debilitating, often difficult-to-treat disease.
Ocular Myasthenia Gravis: Toward a Risk of Generalization Score and Sample Size Calculation for a Randomized Controlled Trial of Disease Modification
Authors: Wong Sui H. , Petrie Aviva , Plant Gordon T. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
There is currently no prognostic test to determine the risk of developing generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG) risk in patients who first present with ocular disease. Most studies that report risk factors are flawed by the inclusion of patients on immunosuppression, which is likely to reduce the risk.

Objective:
To create a prognostic score to predict the risk of GMG.

Methods:
Multicenter retrospective cohort of patients with ocular myasthenia gravis for minimum 3 months, untreated with immunosuppression for minimum 2 years or until GMG onset.

Results:
One hundred one (57 female) patients were included, with median follow-up of 8.4 years (2–42) from disease onset. Thirty-one developed GMG at median of 1.31 years (3.5 months–20.2 years); 19 occurred within 2 years. Univariable logistic regression analysis produced 3 significant predictors (P < 0.10), adjusted odds ratios in a multivariable logistic model (χ2
P = 0.01) with multiple imputations for missing data: seropositivity, 5.64 (95% CI, 1.45–21.97); presence of 1 or more comorbidities including autoimmune disorders, 6.49 (95% CI, 0.78–53.90); thymic hyperplasia, 5.41 (95% CI, 0.39–75.43). Prognostic score was derived from the coefficients of the logistic model: sum of the points (1 point for the presence of each of the above predictive factors), classified “low risk” if ≤1 and “high risk” if ≥2. Predicted probabilities were 0.07 (SD, 0.03) for low risk and 0.39 (SD, 0.09) for high risk. Negative predictive value was 91% (95% CI, 79–98), positive predictive value was 38% (95% CI, 23–54), sensitivity was 79% (95% CI, 54–94), specificity was 63% (95% CI, 50–74), area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.64–0.85).

Conclusions:
In this preliminary study, we have shown by proof of principle that it is possible to stratify risk of GMG: an approach that may allow us to better counsel patients at diagnosis, complement decision-making, and move us toward addressing the question of modifying GMG risk in high-risk patients. Furthermore, the effect of comorbidities is novel and demands further elucidation.
Optic Neuropathy and Stroke Secondary to Invasive Aspergillus in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Hersh Carrie M. , John Seby , Subei Adnan , Willis Mary A. , Kosmorsky Gregory S. , Prayson Richard A. , Bhimraj Adarsh 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:
Angioinvasive aspergillosis is an aggressive fungal infection that is potentially life threatening without prompt treatment. Optic nerve involvement of Aspergillus can mimic optic neuritis commonly seen in demyelinating and other inflammatory conditions. Treatment of Aspergillus infection with steroids may worsen the clinical course. We describe a unique case of disseminated central nervous system aspergillosis, initially presenting as an optic neuropathy, with subsequent stroke in multiple vascular territories.
An Investigation of Patient Preferences for Music Played Before Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Graff Veena , Wingfield Peter , Adams David , Rabinowitz Terry 
Published: April 2016

Objective
Patients often feel anxious before electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), which can lead to avoidance of treatments. Music is a noninvasive safe option to reduce anxiety in the preoperative setting. Therefore, we examined patients' preferences of listening to music while receiving ECT by providing music—by way of headphones or speakers—to participants before treatment.

Methods
Patients receiving ECT were recruited for this study. Patients served as their own controls in 3 separate music intervention sessions: 1) randomization to music via headphones or speakers, 2) no music, 3) the remaining music intervention. Patients completed a questionnaire related to satisfaction and preferences of music being played before ECT. Patients received a final questionnaire at the end of the study asking which intervention they preferred.

Results
Thirty patients completed the study. Ninety percent enjoyed listening to music through speakers. Eighty percent liked listening to music through headphones. Seventeen percent preferred not having any music. The difference in preference between speakers and headphones was not significant (P = 0.563; McNemar-Bowker test). There was no association between preference at the end of the study and the initial assignment of speakers or headphones (P = 0.542 and P = 0.752, respectively; Pearson χ2 tests). No adverse events were reported.

Conclusions
Music is a low-cost intervention with virtually no side effects that could be offered as an adjunctive therapy for patients receiving ECT. A significant proportion of patients liked hearing music before treatment.
Did viruses evolve as a distinct supergroup from common ancestors of cells?
Authors: Harish Ajith , Abroi Aare , Gough Julian , Kurland Charles 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe evolutionary origins of viruses according to marker gene phylogenies, as well as their relationships to the ancestors of host cells remains unclear. In a recent article Nasir and Caetano-Anollés reported that their genome-scale phylogenetic analyses identify an ancient origin of the “viral supergroup” (Nasir et al (2015) A phylogenomic data-driven exploration of viral origins and evolution.Science Advances, 1(8):e1500527). It suggests that viruses and host cells evolved independently from a universal common ancestor. Examination of their data and phylogenetic methods indicates that systematic errors likely affected the results. Reanalysis of the data with additional tests shows that small-genome attraction artifacts distort their phylogenomic analyses. These new results indicate that their suggestion of a distinct ancestry of the viral supergroup is not well supported by the evidence.
Give and you shall receive: investing in the careers of women professionals
Authors: Walsh Kate , Fleming Susan S. , Enz Cathy A. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore what organizations can do to facilitate the retention and advancement of women professionals into top leadership positions. A social exchange framework is applied to examine ways organizations can signal support for and investment in the careers of women professionals, and ultimately the long-term work relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper employed a qualitative methodology; specifically, semi-structured interviews with 20 women executives, in primarily the US hospitality industry, were conducted. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and content analyzed.

Findings
– Organizations are likely to strengthen the retention of their female professionals if they signal support through purposeful, long-term career development that provides a sightline to the top, and ultimately creates more female role models in senior-level positions. Organizations can also signal support through offering autonomy over how work is completed, and designing infrastructures of support to sustain professionals during mid-career stages. Findings are used to present a work-exchange model of career development.

Research limitations/implications
– This research is an exploratory study that is limited in its scope and generalizability.

Practical implications
– The proposed work-exchange model can be used to comprehensively structures initiatives that would signal organizational support to – and long-term investment in – female professionals and enable them to develop their career paths within their organizations.

Originality/value
– Through offering a work-exchange model of career development, this paper identifies components of organizational support from a careers perspective, and highlights the factors that could potentially contribute to long-term growth and retention of women professionals.
An examination of Oliver’s product loyalty framework
Authors: Trail Galen T. , James Jeffrey D. , Kwon Hyungil , Anderson Dean , Robinson Matthew J. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to test Oliver’s two-dimension (fortitude and community/social support) product loyalty framework.

Design/methodology/approach
– Oliver categorized each of the two dimensions into high and low, creating a two-by-two framework: low fortitude and low-community/social support (Product Superiority group); low fortitude and high-community/social support (Village Envelopment group); high fortitude and low-community/social support (Determined Self-isolation group); high fortitude and high-community/social support (Immersed Self-identity group). The paper uses two samples. The sample from Study 1 was season ticket holders (n=199) of a West Coast (USA) Major League Baseball team. Results indicated preliminary support for Oliver’s four groups and good psychometric properties of the fan community scale and the individual fortitude scale (IFS). Study 2 focussed on attendees (n=458) at two East Coast (USA) Major League Baseball venues.

Findings
– The multivariate GLM indicated significant differences among Oliver’s groups, but the variance explained was small on past, current, and future attendance. However, in terms of actual games attended, the Immersed Self-identity group attended between 2.5 and 3 times as many games as the Village Envelopment group over the two years, and more than twice as many games as the Product Superiority group. The groups differed substantially on consumption of product extensions: 22.5 percent of the variance in merchandise purchasing was explained by the grouping, 31.9 percent of broadcast media consumption, and 24.9 percent of print media consumption. In all cases, those in the Immersed Self-identity group consumed significantly more than the Product Superiority and Determined Self-isolation groups.

Originality/value
– The paper reveals that sport marketers can focus on the Immersed Self-identity segment as the segment most likely to consume the product, repurchase, and purchase product extensions.
Using cultural factors to explore sport consumption behaviors of ethnic minority groups
Authors: Ha Jae-Pil , Hums Mary , Greenwell T. Christopher 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– Despite the remarkable economic power and rapid growth of the Asian population in the USA, relatively little attention has been paid to this group in the sport management literature compared to African-Americans and Hispanics. In addition, sport management scholars have paid limited attention to two important cultural factors: ethnic identity and acculturation. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study attempted to examine a comprehensive sport consumption model for Asians by testing theoretical relationships between these two cultural factors (ethnic identity and acculturation), fan identification, and sport consumption behavior.

Findings
– The structural equation modeling results indicated that ethnic identity indirectly affected consumption of sport products reflecting attributes of a native country, e.g. ethnic player popular sports in a native country through identification with the sport products. In contrast acculturation indirectly affected consumption of sport products reflecting attributes of a host country, e.g. popular sports in a host country.

Originality/value
– The results of this study provide implications on how sport marketers should effectively design sport products based on the Asians’ levels of acculturation and ethnic identity.
Spectator perception of service quality attributes associated with Shanghai Formula One
Authors: Kim Suk-kyu , Yim Brian H. , Byon Kevin K. , Yu Jae-Gu , Lee Sung-Min , Park Jae-Ahm 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine spectator perceptions of service quality at the Formula One (F-1) event in Shanghai by means of Martilla and James’ Importance and Performance Analysis (IPA).

Design/methodology/approach
– The items were plotted on the four IPA dimensions, including: Concentrate Here; Keep Up the Good Work; Lower Priority; and Possible Overkill.

Findings
– The results indicated that staff courtesy seems to be the strength of the event. However, concession quality, food prices, and arena accessibility, including restrooms at the Shanghai F-1 event, did not meet spectators’ expectations. In addition, the results suggested that in any spectator sporting event, food consumption helps to create a positive experience. Therefore, IPA revealed that service quality related to concessions, food pricing, and arena accessibility at the Shanghai F-1 are in need of immediate improvement, whereas staff courtesy and race visuals were satisfactory.

Originality/value
– The findings will help marketers prioritize certain services and offer strategic direction in effective service provision by highlighting management problems.
Effective audit committee, audit quality and earnings management
Authors: ZGARNI Inaam , HLIOUI Khmoussi , ZEHRI Fatma 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– A steady stream of literature has examined relationships between audit committee effectiveness, audit quality and financial reporting quality. The purpose of this paper is to connect these various streams of research to provide an empirical evidence from an Arabic emergent country namely Tunisia. This study examines the role of audit committee effectiveness and audit quality on financial reporting quality particularly to mitigate the earnings management in the Tunisian companies before and after financial security law adoption.Design/methodology/approach– The study uses ordinary least squares regression model to investigate the effect of audit committee characteristics, audit quality attributes and the interaction between these two overseeing mechanisms on earnings management for a sample of 29 non-financial listed Tunisian firms during the period 2001-2009.Findings– The results document a substitute effect between the presence of Big Four auditor and effective audit committee in order to reduce the discretionary accruals before the enforcement of law no. 2005-96 dealing with the financial securities. The authors find a complementarity link between the score of audit committee’s effectiveness and auditor industry specialization’s to constrain earnings management. Finally, the findings show a complementary relation between audit committee’s effectiveness and audit tenure, after the passage of the law.Research limitations/implications– This study shows the value of considering the institutional setting in governance research. This paper is restricted to firms in the Tunisia from 2001 to 2009. Future research should investigate this issue in other settings and periods.Practical implications– This study is important to practitioner and academic literature, policy makers and professional accounting bodies as it shows that legislative reforms can enhance companies to adopt good governance practices in emerging countries. The results also give useful information to investors in examination the effect of audit committee characteristics and audit quality on earnings quality. Another interesting practical focus of this study is to assess how successful was the implementation of financial security law in improving audit transparency and support shareholder involvement in the audit process.Originality/value– The results suggested that governance regulation is a substitute for strong governance mechanisms in both the pre- and post-law periods.
Understanding child, family, environmental and agency risk factors: findings from an analysis of significant case reviews in Scotland
Authors: Vincent Sharon , Petch Alison 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper presents the findings from an analysis of 56 significant case reviews (SCRs) in Scotland. In contrast to England and Wales where national analyses have been undertaken for many years, until this study was undertaken, the findings from SCRs had not previously been collated nationally. The paper discusses child, parent, environmental and agency factors that were identified in the SCRs and, whilst noting that the pathways to death or harm will be unique in individual cases, tries to further our understanding of the ways in which these different factors may interact to result in death or harm. A significant finding was the high number of SCRs that relate to the care and protection of children living in families whose lives are dominated by drug use and the associated issues this brings, including criminality and neighbourhood problems. Another challenging finding was the lack of suitable resources for the placement and support of troubled teenagers. Finally, a number of SCRs involved long‐term neglect and/or sexual abuse of school or nursery age children who had been known to statutory services for many years.
Reasons for refusing a donor heart for transplantation in Brazil
Authors: Feldman André , Marcelino César Augusto Guimarães , Beneli Prado Layse , Fusco Carine Cristiane , de Araújo Mara Nogueira , Ayoub Andrea Cotait , Almeida Antônio Flávio Sanchez 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundMajor advances have been made in heart transplantation, but there is a discrepancy between the number of patients potentially treatable by transplantation and the limited number of viable grafts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reasons for refusal of donor hearts.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of donor data from an organ procurement organization in the state of São Paulo (Brazil) between 2010 and 2012. Fisher's exact test, Student's t‐test, and the Mann–Whitney U‐test were used in the statistical analysis.ResultsOnly 26 (7.9%) of 328 potential heart donors actually became donors. Most donors were men (18/26, 69.2%), Caucasians (14/26, 53.8%), and had a mean age of 23.5 yr. There were significant associations of use of donor hearts with the variables: brain death after trauma (p = 0.002), history of hypertension (p = 0.001), electrocardiographic changes (p = 0.007), and age (p = 0.001). Older age (n = 101, 33.4%) was the main reason for refusal of donor hearts, followed by poor medical history (n = 44, 14.6%), cardiac arrest of the donor during donor care (n = 25, 8.3%), use of vasopressor drugs (n = 23, 7.6%), and hemodynamic instability (n = 20, 6.6%).ConclusionsAge, poor medical history, cardiac arrest, use of vasopressors, and hemodynamic instability were the most prevalent reasons for refusal of donor hearts. Echocardiogram evaluation is a potential intervention to improve heart transplantation conversion in Brazil.
The roughness of lip skin is related to the ceramide profile in the stratum corneum
Authors: Tamura E. , Ishikawa J. , Naoe A. , Yamamoto T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe structure of skin on the lips is different from skin at other areas of the body; the water content of the stratum corneum (SC) and the barrier function there is low. Therefore, the lips can easily become dry and rough. The SC plays an important role in the barrier and water‐holding functions of the skin. Above all, ceramides (CERs) are important SC lipids which maintain SC functions. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the degree of lip roughness and the CER profile.MethodsForty‐one Japanese female subjects with normal skin (age range 22–52 years; mean 34.1) were enrolled in this study. The degree of lip roughness was scored, the values of capacitance and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured and CER profiles of the SC were analysed using tape‐stripping.ResultsThe degree of lip roughness was related to the capacitance values but not the TEWL values. The roughness level correlated with the levels of CER[NH], CER[NP], CER[AH], CER[EOS] and CER[EOH] and the average carbon numbers of CER[NDS], CER[NH] and CER[NP] but not with the level of total CERs. The capacitance values of the lips were related not only with the levels of total CERs but also with the levels of CER[NH], CER[NP], CER[AH], CER[AP], CER[EOS], CER[EOH] and CER[EOP] and with the average carbon numbers of CER[NDS], CER[NS], CER[NH] and CER[NP]. The TEWL values of the lips were related not only with the levels of total CERs but also with the levels of CER[NH], CER[AH], CER[AP], CER[EOS] and CER[EOH].ConclusionThe relationship between lip roughness and the CER profile was clarified for the first time. The results suggest that not only the level of total CERs but also the specific CER species and their carbon numbers affect the maintenance of SC function.