bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human activity and habitat type affect perceived predation risk in urban white‐footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus)
Authors: Persons William E. , Eason Perri 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPredation risk is one of the largest costs associated with foraging in small mammals. Small mammals select microhabitat features such as tree and shrub canopy cover, woody debris and vegetative ground cover that can lower the risk of detection from predators and provide greater protection if discovered. Small mammals also increase foraging activity and decrease selection for cover when cloud cover increases and moon illumination is less. Often researchers assume small mammals in urban areas respond to these cues in the same manner as in natural areas, but these cues themselves are altered in urban zones. In this study, we investigated how Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) and coarse woody debris (CWD) affected giving‐up density (GUD) in white‐footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus). Each of three habitat treatments (open flood channel, the edge and interior of the honeysuckle patch) contained cover treatments with coarse woody debris present or absent. The six treatment combinations were compared to environmental variables (temperature, humidity and illumination) and habitat variables to test their effect onGUD.Peromyscus leucopusforaged to lower densities in areas withCWDpresent and also under the honeysuckle canopy, using this invasive shrub to decrease predation risk, potentially increasing survivability within this urban park. Increased human presence negatively affected foraging behavior across treatments. Human presence and light pollution significantly influencedP. leucopus, modifying their foraging behavior and demonstrating that both fine‐ and coarse‐scale urban factors can affect small mammals. Foraging increased as humidity increased, particularly under the honeysuckle canopy. Changes in illumination due to moonlight and cloud cover did not affect foraging behavior, suggesting urban light pollution may have altered behavioral responses to changes in light levels.Lonicera maackiiseemed to facilitate foraging inP. leucopus, even though it adversely affects the plant community, suggesting that its impact may not be entirely negative.
Genetic diversity and structure of Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum in California vineyards and orchards indicate potential for spread of herbicide resistance via gene flow
Authors: Karn Elizabeth , Jasieniuk Marie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractManagement of agroecosystems with herbicides imposes strong selection pressures on weedy plants leading to the evolution of resistance against those herbicides. Resistance to glyphosate in populations of Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum is increasingly common in California, USA, causing economic losses and the loss of effective management tools. To gain insights into the recent evolution of glyphosate resistance in L. perenne in perennial cropping systems of northwest California and to inform management, we investigated the frequency of glyphosate resistance and the genetic diversity and structure of 14 populations. The sampled populations contained frequencies of resistant plants ranging from 10% to 89%. Analyses of neutral genetic variation using microsatellite markers indicated very high genetic diversity within all populations regardless of resistance frequency. Genetic variation was distributed predominantly among individuals within populations rather than among populations or sampled counties, as would be expected for a wide‐ranging outcrossing weed species. Bayesian clustering analysis provided evidence of population structuring with extensive admixture between two genetic clusters or gene pools. High genetic diversity and admixture, and low differentiation between populations, strongly suggest the potential for spread of resistance through gene flow and the need for management that limits seed and pollen dispersal in L. perenne.
Survival and behaviour of Atlantic salmon smolts passing a run‐of‐river hydropower facility with a movable bulb turbine
Authors: Thorstad E. B. , Havn T. B. , Sæther S. A. , Heermann L. , Teichert M. A. K. , Diserud O. H. , Tambets M. , Borcherding J. , Økland F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDownstream migration of radio‐tagged Atlantic salmon smolts, Salmo salar L., was studied in the Kinzig, Germany, to examine effects of passing a run‐of‐river hydropower station with a movable bulb turbine. Immediate mortality for smolts passing the power station was low (3%–6%), probably facilitated by a curved rack in front of the turbine and the possibility to pass over it. Mortality in the impounded stretch above the power station was also low (1.5% extra mortality compared to a control stretch). The combined mortality due to hydropower was 5%–8%, excluding delayed effects. Most smolts followed the main flow passing through the turbine area (94%). Only few used a fishway (4%) or a nearby millstream (2%). Migration speed was slowed down at the power station, but the passage only caused a short delay (average/median 8.6/1.3 hr). However, even low mortality and short delays at several power stations and reservoirs may have considerable cumulative effects.
Photoperiod cues and patterns of genetic variation limit phenological responses to climate change in warm parts of species’ range: Modeling diameter‐growth cessation in coast Douglas‐fir
Authors: Ford Kevin R. , Harrington Constance A. , St. Clair J. Bradley 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe phenology of diameter‐growth cessation in trees will likely play a key role in mediating species and ecosystem responses to climate change. A common expectation is that warming will delay cessation, but the environmental and genetic influences on this process are poorly understood. We modeled the effects of temperature, photoperiod, and seed‐source climate on diameter‐growth‐cessation timing in coast Douglas‐fir (an ecologically and economically vital tree) using high‐frequency growth measurements across broad environmental gradients for a range of genotypes from different seed sources. Our model suggests that cool temperatures or short photoperiods can induce cessation in autumn. At cool locations (high latitude and elevation), cessation seems to be induced primarily by low temperatures in early autumn (under relatively long photoperiods), so warming will likely delay cessation and extend the growing season. But at warm locations (low latitude or elevation), cessation seems to be induced primarily by short photoperiods later in autumn, so warming will likely lead to only slight extensions of the growing season, reflecting photoperiod limitations on phenological shifts. Trees from seed sources experiencing frequent frosts in autumn or early winter tended to cease growth earlier in the autumn, potentially as an adaptation to avoid frost. Thus, gene flow into populations in warm locations with little frost will likely have limited potential to delay mean cessation dates because these populations already cease growth relatively late. In addition, data from an abnormal heat wave suggested that very high temperatures during long photoperiods in early summer might also induce cessation. Climate change could make these conditions more common in warm locations, leading to much earlier cessation. Thus, photoperiod cues, patterns of genetic variation, and summer heat waves could limit the capacity of coast Douglas‐fir to extend its growing season in response to climate change in the warm parts of its range.
Total ankle replacement in patients with haemophilic arthropathy: primary arthroplasty and conversion of painful ankle arthrodesis to arthroplasty
Authors: Preis M. , Bailey T. , Jacxsens M. , Barg A. 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionThere are two general surgical approaches for operative treatment of end‐stage haemophilic ankle arthropathy: ankle arthrodesis and total ankle replacement (TAR).AimThe aim of this study was to determine intraoperative and postoperative complications and evaluate the mid‐term clinical and radiographic outcomes of TAR in patients with haemophilic arthropathy.MethodsFourteen patients with a mean age of 51.4 ± 10.2 years (range = 32.9–63.7) were treated for end‐stage haemophilic ankle arthropathy. Nine procedures were primary arthroplasties, five procedures were conversions of painful ankle arthrodesis to TAR. The mean duration of follow‐up was 5.8 ± 2.3 years (range = 2.0–9.2). Component stability and alignment was assessed with weight‐bearing radiographs. Clinical assessment was performed.ResultsOne patient sustained an intraoperative medial malleolar fracture. In two patients, delayed wound healing was observed. In one patient, open arthrolysis was performed due to painful arthrofibrosis. Both components were neutrally aligned. Visual analogue scale (VAS) significantly decreased from 8.5 ± 0.9 (range = 8–10) to 1.3 ± 1.6 (range = 0–6). Significant functional improvement including range of motion (ROM) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score was observed. The summarized components of the SF‐36 physical and mental outcomes score significantly improved at the latest follow‐up. Complication rates and clinical/radiographic outcomes were comparable in patients with primary TAR and conversion of ankle arthrodesis to TAR.ConclusionThe mid‐term results following TAR or a conversion procedure in patients with haemophilic arthropathy are encouraging. However, for postoperative success, access to an experienced, multidisciplinary team including a haematologist is mandatory.
Plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 and bleeding phenotype in patients with von Willebrand disease
Authors: Abdul S. , Boender J. , Malfliet J. J. M. C. , Eikenboom J. , Fijn van Draat K. , Mauser‐Bunschoten E. P. , Meijer K. , de Meris J. , Laros‐van Gorkom B. A. P. , van der Bom J. G. , Leebeek F. W. G. , Rijken D. C. , Uitte de Willige S. ,   WIN study group
Published: March 2017

Introductionvon Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. In VWD patients, large variations in bleeding tendency are observed, which cannot be completely explained by the variation in von Willebrand factor levels or activities. Thus, there must be additional factors, for instance, changes in fibrinolysis that have an effect on the variation in bleeding tendency in VWD patients.AimTo investigate whether plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) level influences the variation in bleeding tendency in VWD patients.MethodsPAI‐1 antigen levels were measured in the plasma of 633 patients with moderate or severe VWD who participated in the ‘Willebrand in the Netherlands’ (WiN) study, a nationwide multicentre cross‐sectional study. Bleeding severity was assessed using the Tosetto bleeding score.ResultsPAI‐1 levels increased with age (Spearman's rho: 0.225, P < 0.001) and were higher in men (23 [IQR 12–60] vs. 20 [IQR 10–44] ng mL−1 in women, P = 0.039), whereas the bleeding score was higher in women (11 [IQR 7–17] vs. 9 [IQR 5–14] ng mL−1 in men, P = 0.002). After adjustment for age and sex by stratification, PAI‐1 level and bleeding score were negatively correlated (Spearman's rho: −0.170, P = 0.017) in the group of 196 young (age ≤ 45 year) female VWD patients, accounting for 31% of our study population.ConclusionIn young female VWD patients, we observed that low PAI‐1 levels were associated with a higher bleeding score, which may partly explain the observed variability in bleeding phenotype in VWD patients.
Analysis of the effects of several decalcifying agents alone and in combination with sodium hypochlorite on the chemical composition of dentine
Authors: Tartari T. , Bachmann L. , Zancan R. F. , Vivan R. R. , Duarte M. A. H. , Bramante C. M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of several decalcifying agents alone and in combination with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the organic and inorganic components of dentine using attenuated total reflectance in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR).MethodologyDentine slices from bovine teeth were submitted to (n = 5) the following: 0.9% saline, 9% and 18% etidronic acid (HEDP), 5% and 10% tetrasodium EDTA (EDTANa4), 17% trisodium EDTA (EDTAHNa3), and 0.5% and 2.0% peracetic acid (PAA) for 0.5–10 min; and to the combinations: G1 – mixture 5% NaOCl + 18% HEDP (5 and 10 min); G2 – mixture 5% NaOCl + 10% EDTANa4 (5 and 10 min); G2 – 2.5% NaOCl (5 min) + 17% EDTAHNa3 (1 min); G3 – 2.5% NaOCl (5 min) + 0.5% PAA (1 min); G4 – 2.5% NaOCl (5 min) + 9% HEDP (5 min). Specimens of G2, G3 and G4 received final flushes with 2.5% NaOCl for 0.5–10 min. Amide III/phosphate and carbonate/phosphate ratios of the spectra collected from the dentine specimens before and after immersion in the solutions were determined. Data were submitted to one‐way repeated measures and one‐way anova.ResultsFor the same decalcifying agent, the higher the concentration and immersion time the greater the removal of phosphate, exposure of collagen matrix and consequently the increases in amide III/phosphate ratio. However, significant differences were found only between the two concentrations of PAA (P < 0.05). PAA caused greater increases in this ratio, followed by EDTAHNa3, EDTANa4 and HEDP, and this order was retained in the combinations with NaOCl. This ratio was significantly reduced in G1 (P < 0.05) and not altered in G2 (P > 0.05). Due to collagen degradation, the amide III/phosphate ratio reduced significantly after the use of NaOCl in G3, G4 and G5 (P < 0.05). NaOCl required approximately 0.5 s to deproteinate the collagen matrix exposed after phosphate removal by EDTAHNa3 and PAA. The carbonate of dentine was removed more rapidly than phosphate by all decalcifying agents alone and in G3, G4 and G5. In the combinations with NaOCl, the last irrigant used defined the dentine amide III/phosphate and carbonate/phosphate ratios.ConclusionsHEDP and EDTANa4 caused minor whilst EDTAHNa3 and PAA caused greater demineralization of dentine; both effects were time and concentration dependent. NaOCl degraded the dentine organic matrix more rapidly when it was exposed. Combinations of NaOCl and decalcifying agents can be used to create dentine surfaces with varying compositions for interaction with endodontic sealers.
Nurses' intention to remain employed in hospitals: Understanding the shortage in the context of Myanmar
Authors: Lwin Pyone Mjinzu , Rattanapan Cheerawit , Laosee Orapin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to ascertain the rate and identify the factors associated with nurses' intention to remain employed at hospitals in the Yangon Region.MethodsA cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted among 300 nurses aged between 20 and 60 years working at both private and public hospitals in the Yangon Region during May to June 2015. Chi‐square tests were used to identify factor associations, and multiple logistic regression was examined to determine predictive factors.ResultsThe study revealed that 63.6% of nurses intended to remain employed. Marital status (adjusted odd ratio: 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05‐4.32), work characteristics (adjusted odd ratio: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.33‐4.41), job stress and burnout (adjusted odd ratio: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.01‐3.11), and recognition (adjusted odd ratio: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.07‐3.59) were found to be significant predictors of nurses' intention to remain employed at the hospitals.ConclusionsRecognition and other nonmonetary incentive support systems should be provided to enhance the retention of nurses at the hospitals.
Portfolio management with higher moments: the cardinality impact
Authors: Brito Rui Pedro , Sebastião Hélder , Godinho Pedro 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper extends the study of the cardinality impact on portfolio performance, from the traditional mean‐variance framework to more general frameworks that include higher moments. For each framework, we propose a biobjective model that allows the investor to explicitly analyze the efficient trade‐off between expected utility and cardinality. We applied the proposed methodology to data from the Portuguese Stock Index (PSI20 index). The empirical results show that, in‐sample, the certainty equivalent and the Sharpe ratio increase with the cardinality level in all frameworks. The results also suggest that there are no performance gains, in‐sample, in terms of certainty equivalent, when higher moments are considered. Out of sample, the turnover increases up to a certain cardinality level, then decreases. For certain cardinality levels, there are gains in terms of out‐of‐sample certainty equivalent and Sharpe ratio, when skewness and kurtosis are considered. Finally, we check the robustness of these results in a large dataset from the EUROSTOXX50 index.
Comparison of Methods for the Preparation of Leukocyte‐poor Blood
Authors: Halterman R. H. , Grumet F. C. , Watson L. , Yanchulis E. , Yankee R. A. 
Published: March 2017

A rapid and efficient method for preparing leu‐kocyte‐poor red blood cells, utilizing inexpensive, commercially available material, is described. Whole blood anticoagulated with ACD was collected into standard quadruple packs and centrifuged. Platelet‐rich plasma and buffy coat were extracted as part of the routine preparation of platelet concentrate, cryoprecipitate and residual plasma. Heparin and CaCl2 were added to the packed cells which were then filtered through a nylon column (LEUKO‐PAK®). This method for preparing leukocyte‐poor erythrocytes removed 97 per cent of the white blood cells and 99 per cent of the platelets.This procedure has the advantage of conserving platelets as well as plasma and compares favorably with other technics for preparing leukocyte‐poor blood.
Serum Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance after Transfusion with ACD–Adenine Blood and ACD Blood
Authors: Westman B.J.M. 
Published: March 2017

In order to evaluate the nephrotoxic effect of adenine which is used to improve the viability of preserved erythrocytes, massively transfused patients undergoiag open heart surgery were investigated. The serum creatinine level and creatinine clearance were recorded during the eight‐day period following the operation. Serum creatinine was tested repeatedly in 118 patients receiving a mean of 13.0 units of ACD–adenine blood and 49 patients receiving a mean of 15.9 units of ACD–blood. For the studies of creatinine clearance two additional groups of ten patients each were used. The patients in the first group were given a mean 17.5 units of ACD‐adenine blood and the patients in the second group were given a mean of 16.6 units of ACD blood.Serum creatinine increased to about 150 percent of the preoperative value on the first postoperative day without any significant difference between the two groups. The preoperative values of serum creatinine were then reached within a few days. Postoperatively, there was only a slight decrease of clearance values in the two groups. On one occasion there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in serum creatinine between the ACD–adenine and the ACD–group. All other differences were not significant and thus no evidence of nephrotoxic effect of the adenine added to the ACD solution.The estimated maximal amounts of adenine administered throngh the transfusions varied between 2 and 15 mg per kg body weight. There was no tendency of higher serum creatinine values in patients receiving higher doses of adenine.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bove Joseph R. 
Published: March 2017

Cytomegalovirus Infections of Man. U. H. Krech, M. Jung and F. Jung. New York, S. Karger, 1971. 124 pp., $7.70.Prevention of Rh Sensitization: Report of a WHO Scientific Group. World Health Organization Technical Report Series, No. 468. Geneva, 1971. 36 pp. $1.00. (*Also published in French; Russian and Spanish editions in preparation.)
A Multi‐Level Approach to European Identity: Does Integration Foster Identity?
Authors: Luhmann Sybille 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMany integration theories predict that heightened integration in Europe will give rise to a European identity. As integration advances, so does the scholarly debate on identity. This article endeavours to contribute to the debate by investigating the relationship between European integration and European identity longitudinally in 14 countries over 21 years from 1992 to 2012. Using Eurobarometer and EU Index data, this relationship is found to be exponential with current integration levels predicting the imminent emergence of a European identity. In order to better understand whose identities are impacted or formed most by integration, the paper then turns to three intervening concepts: (1) cognitive mobilization, (2) optimism, and (3) support of the EU. All of these amplify the effect of integration on identity with the noteworthy exception of optimism. Finally, the article evaluates the implications of these findings for neofunctionalism and the literature on European identity more broadly.
Osteoblast growth, after cleaning of biofilm‐covered titanium discs with air‐polishing and cold plasma
Authors: Matthes Rutger , Duske Kathrin , Kebede Tewodros Getachew , Pink Christiane , Schlüter Rabea , von Woedtke Thomas , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter , Kocher Thomas , Jablonowski Lukasz 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of a combined biofilm removal with an optimized air polishing and a cold plasma device on cells in vitro.Materials and MethodsA 7‐day‐old biofilm was removed from rough titanium discs with an air‐polishing device with erythritol powder (AP) or with a cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma (CAP) device or in combination of both (AP + CAP). The removal efficacy was evaluated by subsequent cell seeding of osteoblast‐like cells (MG‐63). The cell spreading was analysed after 5 days of incubation by scanning electron microscopy. Separately, the surface hydrophilicity was analysed by measuring the water contact angle (WCA) of the disc for each treatment method.ResultsThe mechanical plaque removal with AP rendered specimen conducive for cell growth, 85% of the surface was covered with cells. An advantage of the combination of AP + CAP was not detectable compared to AP (cell coverage ranged from 57% up to 75%). After sole CAP treatment, microorganisms re‐grew and destroyed all cells. The WCA was reduced by all treatment methods.ConclusionAn AP treatment has the potential to remove biofilm from rough implant surfaces completely. In contrast to our hypothesis, the combination of plasma and AP treatment did not enhance osteoblast spreading.