bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semantic interference and its control: A functional neuroimaging and connectivity study
Authors: Canini Matteo , Della Rosa Pasquale Anthony , Catricalà Eleonora , Strijkers Kristof , Branzi Francesca Martina , Costa Albert , Abutalebi Jubin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDuring picture naming, the ease with which humans generate words is dependent upon the context in which they are named. For instances, naming previously presented items results in facilitation. Instead, naming a picture semantically related to previous items displays persistent interference effects (i.e., cumulative semantic interference, CSI). The neural correlates of CSI are still unclear and it is a matter of debate whether semantic control, or cognitive control more in general, is necessary for the resolution of CSI. We carried out an event‐related fMRI experiment to assess the neural underpinnings of the CSI effect and the involvement and nature of semantic control. Both left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) and the left caudate nucleus (LCN) showed a linear increase of BOLD response positively associated with the consecutive number of presentations of semantically related pictures independently of task‐load. The generalized psychophysiological interaction analysis showed that LIFG demonstrated a quantitative neural connectivity difference with the left supramarginal and angular gyri for increases of task‐load and with the fusiform gyri for linear CSI increases. Furthermore, seed‐to‐voxel functional connectivity showed that LIFG activity coupled with different regions involved in cognitive control and lexicosemantic processing when semantic interference was elicited to a minimum or maximum degree. Our results are consistent with the lexical‐competitive nature of the CSI effect, and we provide novel evidence that semantic control lies upon a more general cognitive control network (i.e., LIFG and LCN) responsible for resolving interference between competing semantically related items through connectivity with different brain areas in order to guarantee the correct response. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4179–4196, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnostic calibration and cross‐catchment transferability of a simple process‐consistent hydrologic model
Authors: Smith Tyler , Hayes Kaitlin , Marshall Lucy , McGlynn Brian , Jencso Kelsey 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe transferability of hydrologic models is of ever increasing importance for making improved hydrologic predictions and testing hypothesized hydrologic drivers. Here, we present an investigation into the variability and transferability of the recently introduced catchment connectivity model (Smith et al., ). The catchment connectivity model was developed following extensive experimental observations identifying the key drivers of streamflow in the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest (Jencso et al., ; Jencso et al., ), with the goal of creating a simple model consistent with internal observations of catchment hydrologic connectivity patterns. The model was applied across seven catchments located within Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest to investigate spatial variability and transferability of model performance and parameterization. The results demonstrated that the model resulted in historically good fits (based on previous studies at the sites) to both the hydrograph and internal water table dynamics (corroborated with experimental observations). The impact of a priori parameter limits was also examined. It was observed that enforcing field‐based limits on model parameters resulted in slight reductions to streamflow hydrograph fits, but significant improvements to model process fidelity (as hydrologic connectivity), as well as moderate improvement in the transferability of model parameterizations from one catchment to the next. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes melanocyte migration via activating PI3K/Akt‐Rac1‐FAK‐JNK and ERK signaling pathways
Authors: Shi Hongxue , Lin Beibei , Huang Yan , Wu Jiang , Zhang Hongyu , Lin Cai , Wang Zhouguang , Zhu Jingjing , Zhao Yingzhen , Fu Xiaobing , Lou Zhencai , Li Xiaokun , Xiao Jian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractVitiligo is a depigmentation disorder characterized by loss of functional melanocytes of the skin epidermis. The pathogenesis of vitiligo remains elusive. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on melanocyte migration, including its biochemical mechanism using transwell assay in vitro. We found that melanocyte treated with bFGF showed a significant increase in migration and cytoskeletal rearrangement. These changes were associated with increased activation of PI3K/Akt, Rac1, FAK, JNK, and ERK. Likewise, reduction of PI3K/Akt, Rac1, FAK, JNK, and ERK activity using selective inhibitors or siRNA was associated with impediment of bFGF‐induced melanocyte migration. In addition, activity of Rac1, FAK, and JNK was reduced in cells in which PI3K/Akt was inhibited, activity of FAK and JNK was reduced in cells in which the Rac1 was inhibited, and activity of JNK was reduced in cells in which the FAK was inhibited. Collectively, these data demonstrate that bFGF facilitated melanocyte migration via PI3K/Akt‐Rac1‐FAK‐JNK and ERK signaling pathways. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(9):735–747, 2016
Starting Over One Word at a Time: Useful and Dangerous Discourses
Authors: Ortlieb Evan , Majors Yolanda 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMost people have struggled with reading in one situation or another, depending on their appreciation for the content, their prior experiences, and the texts. This department column shares ways for educators to help literacy learners unlock their potential with instruction anchored in their skills, knowledge, ways of learning, interests, and attitudes.
“Blowin’ in the Wind”
Authors: Alvermann Donna 
Published: June 2016

AbstractResponsibility for the columns included in this department will alternate between the two authors/editors. Donna Alvermann leads off with the first column (JAAL 60:1). Colin Harrison will take the lead on the second column (JAAL, 60:2), and so on. We envision this department being a venue for thoughtful discussions of contemporary issues dealing with policy and practice—especially when remixed in ways that generate new insights into enduring dilemmas.
WNT5A and Its Receptors in the Bone-Cancer Dialogue
Authors: Thiele Stefanie , Rachner Tilman D , Rauner Martina , Hofbauer Lorenz C 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Wnt signaling is critical for tumorigenesis and skeletal remodeling. However, its contribution to the formation of metastatic bone lesions remains poorly defined. One major challenge of unraveling its role in cancer progression is the high complexity of Wnt signaling, which includes numerous ligands, receptors, and inhibitors, with intricate biological effects and specific signaling pathways depending on the cellular context. In this perspective, we summarize the role of the noncanonical Wnt ligand WNT5A in the development and metastatic process of osteotropic cancer entities. We focus on its tumor-suppressive function in breast cancer, tumor promoting effects in melanoma, and ambiguous role in prostate cancer, and discuss potential challenges and opportunities that may be associated with targeting Wnt signaling for cancer therapy and treatment of bone metastases. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Habitat selection of wild turkeys in burned longleaf pine savannas
Authors: Little Andrew R. , Chamberlain Michael J. , Conner L. Mike , Warren Robert J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTFrequent prescribed fire (≤3 yr) and selective harvest of off‐site hardwoods are the primary restoration and management tools for pine (Pinusspp.) savannas in the southeastern United States. However, a knowledge gap exists in our understanding of eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) habitat selection in longleaf pine savannas and research is warranted to direct our future management decisions. Therefore, we investigated habitat selection of female turkeys in 2 longleaf pine savanna systems managed by frequent fire in southwestern Georgia during 2011–2013. We observed differential habitat selection across 2 scales (study area and seasonal area of use) and 3 seasons (fall‐winter: 1 Oct–30 Jan; pre‐breeding: 1 Feb–19 Apr; and summer: 16 Jun–30 Sep). During fall‐winter, turkeys selected mature pine, mixed pine‐hardwoods, hardwoods, and young pine stands, albeit at different scales. During pre‐breeding, turkeys selected for mature pine, mixed pine‐hardwoods, hardwoods, young pine, and shrub‐scrub, although at different scales. During summer, turkeys also demonstrated scale‐specific selection but generally selected for mature pine, hardwoods, and shrub‐scrub. Days‐since‐fire did not influence selection of stands managed by frequent fire (≤3 yr). In cases where female turkeys used pine‐dominated stands (i.e., mature pine, young pine, and mixed pine‐hardwoods), selection was not influenced by days‐since‐fire; however, these results are at least partially due to a lack of longer burn rotations (>3 yr) on our study areas. We suggest land managers consider scale of selection by turkeys when developing habitat management strategies. In addition to creating early successional habitat conditions by using prescribed fire, we recommend managers retain hardwoods and recognize the importance of shrub‐scrub cover to management of turkey populations in longleaf pine savannas. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Chitin Foils and Coatings Prepared from Ionic Liquids
Authors: Walther Patrick , Ota Antje , Müller Alexander , Hermanutz Frank , Gähr Frank , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: June 2016

Chitin and its deacetylated derivative, chitosan, are nontoxic, antibacterial, biodegradable, and biocompatible biopolymers. Due to these properties, they are widely used for biomedical applications such as scaffolds for tissue engineering, wound dressings, separation membranes and antibacterial coatings. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of suitable solvent systems for the direct processing of chitin, e.g., into films and coatings. Such solvents must be nontoxic, noncorrosive, nondegrading, and allow for high chitin concentrations. Here, the potential of designed ionic liquids (IL) as solvents for chitin is outlined. Phosphonium‐ and imidazolium‐based ILs are synthesized, characterized and the influence of the cation on the solution process has been evaluated. It is shown that particularly imidazolium carboxylate‐based ILs are appropriate solvents for chitin and are suitable for the production of foils and coatings on both fabrics and foams.
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How to Choose the Suitable Template for Homology Modelling of GPCRs: 5‐HT7 Receptor as a Test Case
Authors: Shahaf Nir , Pappalardo Matteo , Basile Livia , Guccione Salvatore , Rayan Anwar 
Published: June 2016

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a super‐family of membrane proteins that attract great pharmaceutical interest due to their involvement in almost every physiological activity, including extracellular stimuli, neurotransmission, and hormone regulation. Currently, structural information on many GPCRs is mainly obtained by the techniques of computer modelling in general and by homology modelling in particular. Based on a quantitative analysis of eighteen antagonist‐bound, resolved structures of rhodopsin family “A” receptors – also used as templates to build 153 homology models – it was concluded that a higher sequence identity between two receptors does not guarantee a lower RMSD between their structures, especially when their pair‐wise sequence identity (within trans‐membrane domain and/or in binding pocket) lies between 25 % and 40 %. This study suggests that we should consider all template receptors having a sequence identity ≤50 % with the query receptor. In fact, most of the GPCRs, compared to the currently available resolved structures of GPCRs, fall within this range and lack a correlation between structure and sequence. When testing suitability for structure‐based drug design, it was found that choosing as a template the most similar resolved protein, based on sequence resemblance only, led to unsound results in many cases. Molecular docking analyses were carried out, and enrichment factors as well as attrition rates were utilized as criteria for assessing suitability for structure‐based drug design.
Outcomes from a pilot psychological therapies service for UK military veterans
Authors: Clarkson Paul , Giebel Clarissa M. , Challis David , Duthie Paul , Barrett Alan , Lambert Helen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate the outcomes of participants attending a psychological therapies service for military veterans.BackgroundThe UK Military Veterans’ Improving Access to Psychological Therapies Service (North West) (MV IAPT) provided a clinical psychological therapies service for military veterans. Outcomes of depression, anxiety and social adjustment were assessed after treatment in the service's pilot phase.DesignAn observational, prospective cohort study examined changes in depression, anxiety and social adjustment during receipt of the service.MethodsChanges in depression (PHQ‐9), anxiety (GAD‐7) and social adjustment (WSAS) were examined in 952 veterans referred over 20 months from September 2011. Data were collected using the IAPT clinical information system plus additional fields. Changes for patients who completed treatment, remained in treatment and dropped out were compared.ResultsSeven hundred and seven veterans received an initial assessment, from which 505 received two or more appointments. Of these, 156 completed treatments, 179 remained in treatment and 170 dropped out. The majority of veterans had been operationally deployed and were similar in risk characteristics to those in other military cohort studies. There were highly significant improvements on all measures (p<.01), with completers improving more and having higher rates of recovery from depression and anxiety than those remaining and drop outs. Recovery rates compared favourably with evaluations of general IAPT services and also exceeded reported natural recovery rates.
Peroxide‐initiated chemical modification of poly(isobutylene‐co‐isoprene): H‐atom transfer yields and regioselectivity
Authors: Twigg Christopher , Mueller Elena , Molloy Brian M. , Scott Parent J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe yield and regioselectivity of H‐atom abstraction by cumyloxy radicals from poly(isobutylene‐co‐isoprene) (IIR) are quantified and discussed in the context of cross‐linking/degradation outcomes and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTEOS) graft yields. Studies of IIR materials with different isoprene contents show that H‐atom abstraction from the allylic functionality provided by isoprene mers is responsible for the heightened H‐atom transfer reactivity of IIR relative to poly(isobutylene). Differences in the reactivity of allylic and alkyl macroradical intermediates makes high isoprene IIR materials less prone to peroxide‐initiated chain scission, but less responsive to VTEOS grafting formulations. Improved knowledge of H‐atom transfer reactivity is extended to a new approach for IIR cross‐linking involving acrylate‐functionalized nitroxyl chemistry. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3102–3109
Perylene bisimide‐based semiconducting polymers: Synthesis via palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation, characterization, optoelectrical properties, and nanomorphology
Authors: Nakabayashi Kazuhiro , Yamada Masaya , Mori Hideharu 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTPerylene bisimide (PBI)‐based acceptor polymers have been synthesized by the facile and environmental‐friendly palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation. The direct arylation using a bromothiophene‐extended PBI monomer, which was designed for the direct arylaion, proceeded to yield PBI‐based acceptor polymers (PPBI3T). As a result of screening the direct arylation conditions, PPBI3T with the number average molecular weight of 14,000 was successfully synthesized, and the spectroscopic and optoelectronic analysis demonstrated the synthesis of PPBI3T with the desired structure. The random compolymerization among naphthalene bisimide (NBI)‐based monomer, PBI‐based monomer, and 3,4‐dimethylthiophene afforded the random copolymers composed of NBI‐ and PBI‐based components (P(NBI3T‐PBI3T)). The composition of each component was controlled by changing the monomer feed ratio, and furthermore, the optical and electrochemical properties of P(NBI3T‐PBI3T) were also tunable by controlling the composition of each component. To the best of our knowledge, these results were the first accomplishment for the direct arylation synthesis of PBI‐based acceptor polymers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3151–3158
Advanced design of t and pH dual‐responsive PDEAEMA–PVCL core–shell nanogels for siRNA delivery
Authors: Aguirre Garbiñe , Ramos Jose , Forcada Jacqueline 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe synthesis, characterization, and potential application as gene delivery systems of biodegradable dual‐responsive core–shell nanogels based on poly(2‐diethylaminoethyl) methacrylate (PDEAEMA) and poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) are reported. These core–shell nanogels, having a PDEAEMA‐based core and a PVCL‐based shell, were synthesized by batch seeded emulsion polymerization. An indepth study of their swelling behavior was carried out, which presented a dual‐dependent thermo‐ and pH sensitivity. Core–shell nanogels synthesized formed complexes spontaneously through electrostatic interactions when mixing with small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules. Moreover, the core–shell nanogel/siRNA complexes showed higher polyanion exchange resistance compared to that of the PDEAEMA‐based nanogel/siRNA complexes, indicating that the PVCL‐based shell enhanced the stability of the complexes. In vitro siRNA release profiles showed that siRNA release was controlled by the pH of the medium as well as by the crosslinking density of the PVCL‐based shell. These results indicate that dual‐responsive core–shell nanogels synthesized could be potentially useful as gene delivery systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3203–3217
Versatile functionalization of aromatic polysulfones via thiol‐ene click chemistry
Authors: Park Eun Joo , Lee Woo‐Hyung , Bae Chulsung 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTA facile, efficient approach for preparation of functionalized aromatic polysulfones by postpolymerization modification with thiol‐ene click chemistry is described. The key synthetic strategy is to incorporate a pendant vinyl ether group into polysulfones as a reactive precursor with controlled degrees of functionalization. Synthetic utility of the pendant alkenyl group is demonstrated by generating diverse polymer derivatives using thiol‐ene functionalization including glycosylated polysulfone. The highly reactive alkene platform in the polymer affords convenient, metal‐free, and azide‐free click transformations to create diverse ranges of new functionalized polysulfones that could be applied in various applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3237–3243
Spectroscopic properties of poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) thin films possessing varied fractions of β‐phase chain segments: enhanced photoluminescence efficiency via conformation structuring
Authors: Perevedentsev Aleksandr , Chander Nathan , Kim Ji‐Seon , Bradley Donal D. C. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTPoly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO) is a widely studied blue‐emitting conjugated polymer, the optoelectronic properties of which are strongly affected by the presence of a well‐defined chain‐extended “β‐phase” conformational isomer. In this study, optical and Raman spectroscopy are used to systematically investigate the properties of PFO thin films featuring a varied fraction of β‐phase chain segments. Results show that the photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) of PFO films is highly sensitive to both the β‐phase fraction and the method by which it was induced. Notably, a PLQE of ∼69% is measured for PFO films possessing a ∼6% β‐phase fraction induced by immersion in solvent/nonsolvent mixtures; this value is substantially higher than the average PLQE of ∼55% recorded for other β‐phase films. Furthermore, a linear relationship is observed between the intensity ratios of selected Raman peaks and the β‐phase fraction determined by commonly used absorption calibrations, suggesting that Raman spectroscopy can be used as an alternative means to quantify the β‐phase fraction. As a specific example, spatial Raman mapping is used to image a mm‐scale β‐phase stripe patterned in a glassy PFO film, with the extracted β‐phase fraction showing excellent agreement with the results of optical spectroscopy. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1995–2006
Novel proteases from the genome of the carnivorous plant Drosera capensis: Structural prediction and comparative analysis
Authors: Butts Carter T. , Bierma Jan C. , Martin Rachel W. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn his 1875 monograph on insectivorous plants, Darwin described the feeding reactions of Drosera flypaper traps and predicted that their secretions contained a “ferment” similar to mammalian pepsin, an aspartic protease. Here we report a high‐quality draft genome sequence for the cape sundew, Drosera capensis, the first genome of a carnivorous plant from order Caryophyllales, which also includes the Venus flytrap (Dionaea) and the tropical pitcher plants (Nepenthes). This species was selected in part for its hardiness and ease of cultivation, making it an excellent model organism for further investigations of plant carnivory. Analysis of predicted protein sequences yields genes encoding proteases homologous to those found in other plants, some of which display sequence and structural features that suggest novel functionalities. Because the sequence similarity to proteins of known structure is in most cases too low for traditional homology modeling, 3D structures of representative proteases are predicted using comparative modeling with all‐atom refinement. Although the overall folds and active residues for these proteins are conserved, we find structural and sequence differences consistent with a diversity of substrate recognition patterns. Finally, we predict differences in substrate specificities using in silico experiments, providing targets for structure/function studies of novel enzymes with biological and technological significance. Proteins 2016; 84:1517–1533. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.