bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Nonpharmacological Pain Management During Intravenous Cannulation in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Miller Kate , Tan Xianghong , Hobson Andrew Dillon , Khan Asaduzzaman , Ziviani Jenny , O'Brien Eavan , Barua Kim , McBride Craig A. , Kimble Roy M. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives
Intravenous (IV) cannulation is commonly performed in pediatric emergency departments (EDs). The busy ED environment is often not conducive to conventional nonpharmacological pain management. This study assessed the use of Ditto (Diversionary Therapy Technologies, Brisbane, Australia), a handheld electronic device which provides procedural preparation and distraction, as a means of managing pain and distress during IV cannulation performed in the pediatric ED.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial with 98 participants, aged 3 to 12 years, was conducted in a pediatric ED. Participants were recruited and randomized into 5 intervention groups as follows: (1) Standard Distraction, (2) PlayStation Portable Distraction, (3) Ditto Distraction, (4) Ditto Procedural Preparation, and (5) Ditto Preparation and Distraction. Children's pain and distress levels were assessed via self-reports and observational reports by caregivers and nursing staff across the following 3 time points: (1) before, (2) during, and (3) after IV cannulation.

Results
Caregivers and nursing staff reported significantly reduced pain and distress levels in children accessing the combined preparation and distraction Ditto protocol, as compared to standard distraction (P ≤ 0.01). This intervention also saw the greatest reduction in pain and distress as reported by the child.

Conclusions
Caregiver reports indicate that using the combined Ditto protocol was most effective in reducing children's pain experiences while undergoing IV cannulation in the ED. The use of Ditto offers a promising opportunity to negotiate barriers to the provision of nonpharmacological approaches encountered in the busy ED environment, and provide nonpharmacological pain-management interventions in pediatric EDs.
Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Findings Associated With Foreign Body Aspiration in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Weerdenburg Kirstin D. , Kwan Charisse W. , Fischer Jason W. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) continues to generate new and interesting clinical findings as its use expands in the pediatric emergency department. This case report describes the novel findings identified during a POCUS focused lung examination of a pediatric patient with suspected foreign body aspiration.
Diagnosis of a Peritonsillar Abscess by Transcutaneous Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Halm Brunhild M. , Ng Carrie , Larrabee Yuna C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We report a case of a pediatric patient with an initial diagnosis of peritonsillar cellulitis made by otolaryngology. The findings from a subsequent transcutaneous point-of-care ultrasound by a pediatric emergency physician directly affected the decision to perform needle aspiration. Sonographic characteristics of a peritonsillar abscess may be helpful in the prompt diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess.
Perceived Ethnic Discrimination and the Metabolic Syndrome in Ethnic Minority Groups: The Healthy Life in an Urban Setting Study
Authors: Ikram Umar Z. , Snijder Marieke B. , Agyemang Charles , Schene Aart H. , Peters Ron J. G. , Stronks Karien , Kunst Anton E. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
Ethnic differences in the metabolic syndrome could be explained by perceived ethnic discrimination (PED). It is unclear whether PED is associated with the metabolic syndrome. We assessed this association and quantified the contribution of PED to the metabolic syndrome.

Methods
Baseline data were used from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting study collected in the Netherlands from 2011 to 2014. The population-based sample included South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Ghanaian, Turkish, and Moroccan participants (aged 18 to 70 years). PED was measured using the Everyday Discrimination Scale. The metabolic syndrome was determined according to the harmonized definition of the International Diabetes Federation, American Heart Association, and others. Logistic regression was used for analysis. population-attributable fraction was used to calculate the contribution of PED.

Results
PED was positively associated with the metabolic syndrome in South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, and Moroccan participants (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.13 [0.99–1.30], 1.15 [1.00–1.32], and 1.19 [1.03–1.38], respectively) after adjusting for potential confounders and mediators. No significant association was observed among Ghanaian and Turkish participants. For the individual components, the associations were statistically significant for blood pressure, fasting glucose, and waist circumference among Surinamese participants. PED was associated with dyslipidemia in Moroccan participants. The population-attributable fractions were 5% for South-Asian Surinamese and Moroccan participants, and 7% for African Surinamese participants.

Conclusions
We found a positive association of PED with the metabolic syndrome in some ethnic groups, with PED contributing around 5% to 7% to the metabolic syndrome among Surinamese and Moroccans. This suggests that PED might contribute to ethnic differences in the metabolic syndrome.
Impact of Maternal Lifetime Interpersonal Trauma on Children's Asthma: Mediation Through Maternal Active Asthma During Pregnancy
Authors: Brunst Kelly J. , Rosa Maria José , Jara Calvin , Lipton Lianna R. , Lee Alison , Coull Brent A. , Wright Rosalind J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
Traumatic stressors, including child abuse and/or interpersonal violence over a woman's lifecourse, can affect the health of her children. This study examines the associations between maternal lifetime interpersonal trauma (IPT) and children's asthma by age 6 years (n = 857).

Methods
Pregnant women completed the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale; IPT exposure was categorized as unexposed (55%), early (childhood and/or teen years only, 25%), late (adulthood and/or index pregnancy, 7%), and chronic (early and late, 13%). Clinician-diagnosed asthma in children was reported by mothers at each follow-up visit until the child reached age 6 years. We examined the effects of maternal IPT categories and child's asthma using logistic regression. Using structural equation models, we also examined indirect relationships between maternal chronic IPT and child asthma operating through active asthma in pregnancy, prepregnancy BMI, prenatal smoking, and/or increased exposure to other adverse life events or environmental toxins prenatally. Effect modification by the child's sex was examined.

Results
Mothers were primarily Hispanic (55%) or black (30%) with less than high school education (62%). In logistic regression models, chronic maternal IPT (compared with unexposed) was associated with asthma in boys (odds ratio = 2.87, 95% confidence interval = 1.48–5.57) but not girls (odds ratio = 0.69, 95% confidence interval = 0.23–2.12; p
interaction = .042). In structural equation models, chronic IPT was associated with maternal active asthma in pregnancy (β = 0.59, p < .001), maternal active asthma was associated with children's asthma (β = 0.20, p = .009), and the total indirect effect for this path was significant (β = 0.12, p = .031). Associations were most evident among boys.

Conclusions
Mothers' history of chronic IPT was associated with asthma in boys. This association was mediated through active maternal asthma in pregnancy.
The Association Between Psychiatric Disorders and Telomere Length: A Meta-Analysis Involving 14,827 Persons
Authors: Darrow Sabrina M. , Verhoeven Josine E. , Révész Dóra , Lindqvist Daniel , Penninx Brenda W.J.H. , Delucchi Kevin L. , Wolkowitz Owen M. , Mathews Carol A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study examined the relationship between leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a marker of cell aging, and psychiatric disorders in adults compared with controls using meta-analytic methods.

Methods
Data were abstracted from studies examining the relationship between LTL and adult psychiatric disorders. In addition to an overall estimate of effect size, subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to examine whether covariates (including psychiatric diagnoses) moderated the estimate.

Results
A significant overall effect size showing LTL shortening was found across all psychiatric disorders (Hedge g = −0.50, p < .001). Subgroup analyses did not demonstrate significant differences in effect size based on individual covariates (psychiatric disorder, sex, age, or assay method). The meta-regression indicated that although type of disorder and, likely, age moderate the overall effect size, the heterogeneity between studies could not be explained by a model that included these variables as well as sex and assay method. Although not significantly different, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and depressive disorders had comparatively larger effect sizes (−1.27, −0.53, and −0.55), and psychotic and bipolar disorders had comparatively smaller ones (−0.23 and −0.26).

Conclusions
We observed a robust effect size of LTL shortening for psychiatric disorders as a whole compared with controls. The results were less straightforward regarding relative differences in the strength of this association by specific disorder. Future studies should focus on mechanisms explaining accelerated cell aging with psychiatric illness, defining directions (if any) of causality and elucidating possible differences in this association between disorders.
Effects of a Home-Based DVD-Delivered Physical Activity Program on Self-Esteem in Older Adults: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Awick Elizabeth Ann , Ehlers Diane , Fanning Jason , Phillips Siobhan M. , Wójcicki Thomas , Mackenzie Michael J. , Motl Robert , McAuley Edward 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
Although center-based supervised physical activity interventions have proved to be successful in attenuating health declines in older adults, such methods can be costly and have limited reach. In the present study, we examined the effects of a DVD-delivered exercise intervention on self-esteem and its subdomains and the extent to which these effects were maintained. In addition, we examined whether psychological, demographic, and biological factors acted as determinants of self-esteem.

Methods
Low-active, older adults (n = 307; mean [standard deviation] age =71.0 [5.1] years) were randomly assigned to a 6-month, home-based exercise program consisting of a DVD-delivered exercise intervention focused on increasing flexibility, toning, and balance (FlexToBa) or an attentional control DVD condition focused on healthy aging. Physical self-worth and three subdomains of self-esteem, global self-esteem, and self-efficacy were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.

Results
There was a differential effect of time for the two groups for physical self-worth (F interaction(2,530.10) = 4.17, p = .016) and perception of physical condition (F interaction(1,630.77) = 8.31, p = .004). Self-efficacy, sex, body mass index, and age were significant predictors of changes in physical self-worth and perception of physical condition.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that a DVD-delivered exercise intervention is efficacious for improving and maintaining subdomain and domain levels of self-esteem in older adults. In addition, self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of changes in physical self-worth and perceptions of physical condition. This innovative method of delivering an exercise training program via DVD is practical and effective and has the potential for broad reach and dissemination.

Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01030419.
Effects of Moderate Exercise on Cortical Resilience: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study Targeting the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Lowe Cassandra J. , Staines William R. , Hall Peter A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe beneficial effects of exercise on the brain regions that support cognitive control and memory are well documented. However, examination of the capacity of acute exercise to promote cortical resilience—the ability to recover from temporary pertubation—has been largely unexplored. The present study sought to determine whether single session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can accelerate recovery of inhibitory control centers in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex after transient perturbation via continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS).MethodsIn a within-participants experimental design, 28 female participants aged 18 to 26 years (mean [standard deviation] = 20.32 [1.79] years) completed a session each of moderate-intensity and very light-intensity exercise, in a randomized order. Before each exercise session, participants received active cTBS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. A Stroop task was used to quantify both the initial perturbation and subsequent recovery effects on inhibitory control.ResultsResults revealed a significant exercise condition (moderate-intensity exercise, very light-intensity exercise) by time (prestimulation, poststimulation, postexercise) interaction (F(2,52) = 5.93,p= .005,d= 0.38). Specifically, the proportion of the cTBS-induced decrement in inhibition restored at 40 minutes postexercise was significantly higher after a bout of moderate-intensity exercise (101.26%) compared with very light-intensity exercise (18.36%;t(27) = −2.17,p= .039,d= −.57, 95% confidence interval = −161.40 to −4.40).ConclusionThese findings support the hypothesis that exercise promotes cortical resilience, specifically in relation to the brain regions that support inhibitory control. The resilience-promoting effects of exercise have empirical and theoretical implications for how we conceptualize the neuroprotective effects of exercise.
Positive Self-Perceptions of Aging and Lower Rate of Overnight Hospitalization in the US Population Over Age 50
Authors: Sun Jennifer K. , Kim Eric S. , Smith Jacqui 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
The aging of the baby boomer generation has led to an unprecedented rise in the number of US adults reaching old age, prompting an urgent call for innovative and cost-effective ways to address the increasing health care needs of the aging population. Studying the role of psychosocial factors on health care use could offer insight into how to minimize hospitalizations among older adults.

Methods
We use prospective data from a subsample of 4735 participants (mean [standard deviation] age = 69 [8.79] years, 61% women) from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative study of US adults over age 50, to examine the association between self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and self-reported overnight hospitalizations after adjusting for a comprehensive list of sociodemographic, health-related, and behavioral factors.

Results
Over the 4-year follow-up period, there were a total of 5196 overnight hospitalizations, and 44% of the sample reported being hospitalized overnight at least once. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, each standard deviation increase in positive SPA was associated with a lower rate of overnight hospitalization (incidence rate ratio = 0.75; 95% confidence interval = 0.71–0.80, p < .001). After dividing respondents into quartiles of SPA, we observed a dose-response relationship with individuals in higher quartiles showing increasingly lower rates of overnight hospitalization.

Conclusions
Positive self-perceptions of aging are associated with a lower rate of hospitalization among older adults over a 4-year period. Future research should examine the factors that contribute to older adults' SPA and explore the pathways through which attitudes toward aging influence the use of health care resources.
What Factors Influence Employee Service Recovery Performance and What Are the Consequences in Health Care?
Authors: Nadiri Halil , Tanova Cem 
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
We analyzed the extent to which the service recovery performance of frontline employees in private health care institutions is influenced by employee perceptions of manager attitudes toward service quality, workplace support, and manager fairness and organizational commitment. We also examined the relationship of service recovery performance to employee job satisfaction and turnover intentions.

Methods:
Partial least square path modeling of data from 178 frontline employees in private health care institutions in North Cyprus was utilized.

Results:
Although empowerment and role clarity were positively related to service recovery performance, perceived managerial attitudes toward hospital customer service, teamwork, and customer service-oriented training as indicators of workplace support were not related to frontline employees' service recovery performance. Organizational justice was related to affective commitment, which in turn was related to service recovery performance. Although service recovery performance was not related to employee turnover intentions, it was related to job satisfaction.

Conclusion:
Managerial implications of these study findings are presented in the light of the cognitive evaluation theory. Health services differ from other service organizations in the way that intrinsic and extrinsic rewards influence the service recovery efforts of frontline employees. To ensure high quality services, managers should focus on intrinsic rewards, empower and give more autonomy to staff.
The Effects of Preoperative Endoscopic Tattooing on Distal Surgical Margin and Ileostomy Rates in Laparoscopic Rectal Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Cipe Gokhan , Cengiz Merve B. , Idiz Ufuk O. , Yardimci Erkan , Malya Umit , Firat Deniz , Muslumanoglu Mahmut 
Published: July 2016

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of endoscopic marking on the distal surgical margin and ileostomy rates in laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery.

Materials and Methods:
Forty patients, who underwent surgery between September 2012 and December 2013 for rectal cancer limited to or with invasion of the upper rectum, were included in the study. The distal tumor margin was marked with purified carbon particles by colonoscopy before surgery in one group (n=20); no marking was performed in the second group (n=20). Patients were assigned randomly to each group. Laparoscopic anterior or low-anterior resection was performed in all patients. Demographic and operative data, pathology results, morbidity, and ileostomy rates were measured.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference in the demographic data, the tumor size, the amount of bleeding, the specimen length, the harvested lymph node number, postoperative complications, the length of hospital stay, rehospitalization, and the operation duration between groups 1 and 2, respectively. The distal surgical margin was significantly shorter in the marked group. The protective ileostomy rates were also lower in the marked group; however, the difference did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions:
Preoperative endoscopic tattooing decreases distal resection margins and may reduce protective ileostomy rates in laparoscopic rectal surgery.
Comparison of the Effect of Instrument Type on Transanal Endoscopic Surgery Learning Curves
Authors: Teitelbaum Ezra N. , Arafat Fahd O. , Boller Anne-Marie 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Transanal endoscopic surgery (TES) can be technically difficult due to the constraints of operating through a narrow proctoscope channel. In this study, we compared the performance of surgical novices using instruments with and without articulating shafts to perform a simulated TES task.

Methods:
Medical students each performed 10 repetitions of the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery circle-cut task. Participants were randomized into 3 groups: 2 performed the task through a TES proctoscope using scissors with either a rigid (TES-R) or articulating (TES-A) shaft. The third group performed the task laparoscopically (LAP).

Results:
A total of 31 medical students participated. The LAP group had a faster mean task time than both the TES-R and TES-A groups (LAP 201±120 s vs. TES-R 362±212 s and TES-A 405±212 s, both P <0.001). The TES-R group made more errors (ie, deviation from a perfect circle) than both the other groups. The TES-R group adjusted the proctoscope position during more repetitions than the TES-A group.

Conclusions:
Students had faster task times when operating laparoscopically than through a TES protoscope. Task times were similar between the TES groups using scissors with articulating and rigid shafts; however, use of the articulating instruments resulted in fewer errors and less need to adjust proctoscope position.
Prevention and management of osteonecrosis of the jaw secondary to bone-targeted therapy in patients with kidney cancer
Authors: Ripamonti Carla I. , Lucchesi Maurizio , Giusti Raffaele 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
The aim of this revision is prevention and management of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) secondary to bone-targeted therapy in patients with kidney cancer.

Recent findings
Patients with kidney cancer treated with zoledronate suffered from ONJ earlier compared with patients with breast cancer or multiple myeloma; among men, ONJ occurred at 24 months of zoledronic acid treatment in more than 80% of the patients and much earlier, in respect to patients with prostate cancer or multiple myeloma. Protective factors against an ONJ can be sequential prescription of different bisphosphonates and female sex. Less data are available on ONJ secondary to denosumab administration in patients with kidney cancer.

Summary
Bone metastases, developing in about 30% of the patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, are typically osteolytic on imaging and cause significant morbidity and poor quality of life. Incidence of skeletal-related events has been reported to reach 3.38 per year in such patients. To decrease the incidence of ONJ, a maxillofacial examination must be performed in all patients before treatment with bisphosphonates, in particular in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib alone or in association with zoledronate. The management of ONJ consider a conservative approach.