bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mixed‐methods study exploring sign‐off mentorship practices in relation to the Nursing and Midwifery Council standards
Authors: Newton Joanna , Taylor Rachel M , Crighton Liz 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the current practice and experience of sign‐off mentors in one NHS trust.BackgroundIn the UK, sign‐off mentors support nursing students in their last clinical placement and are accountable for the final assessment of fitness to practice as a registered nurse.DesignMixed‐methods study.MethodsThe focus was on two key Nursing and Midwifery Council standards: the requirement for students to work at least 40% of their time on clinical placement with a sign‐off mentor/mentor; the sign‐off mentor had one‐hour‐per‐week protected time to meet the final placement student. Data were collected through two audits of clinical and university documents and an experience survey administered to all sign‐off mentors in one trust.ResultsThe audits showed that only 22/42 (52%) of students were supervised by their sign‐off mentor/mentor at least 40% of the time, whilst 10/42 (24%) students never worked a shift with their sign‐off mentor. Only one student met their sign‐off mentor every week. Complete data were available in 31/64 (47%) sign‐off mentors, of whom 21/30 (70%) rarely/never had reduced clinical commitment to mentor final placement students. Furthermore, 19/28 (68%) met their student after their shift had ended with 24/30 (80%) reporting not getting any protected time.ConclusionSign‐off mentors have inadequate time and resources to undertake their role, yet are accountable for confirming the student has the required knowledge and skills to practise safely. The current model needs urgent review to improve mentoring standards.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding how the role of the sign‐off mentor is working in practice is critical to ensuring that the Nursing and Midwifery Council standards are met, ensuring students are well supported and appropriately assessed in practice, and mentoring is given the high profile it deserves to guarantee high‐quality care and protecting the public.
Stress, Coping, and Mood Among Latino Adolescents: A Daily Diary Study
Authors: Santiago Catherine DeCarlo , Brewer Stephanie K. , Fuller Anne K. , Torres Stephanie A. , Papadakis Jaclyn Lennon , Ros Anna M. 
Published: November 2016

The current study examines whether daily coping moderates the effects of daily stress on same‐day mood and next‐day mood among 58 Latino adolescents (Mage = 13.31; 53% male). The daily diary design capitalized on repeated measurements, boosting power to detect effects and allowing for a robust understanding of the day‐to‐day experiences of Latino adolescents. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that on days when youth reported higher levels of peer and academic stress, they also reported more negative moods. However, only poverty‐related stress predicted mood the following day. Engagement coping buffered the effect of poverty‐related stress on next‐day negative and positive mood, while disengagement exacerbated the effects of academic and peer stress. The need for interventions promoting balanced coping repertoires is discussed.
Neural Interaction Between Risk Sensitivity and Cognitive Control Predicting Health Risk Behaviors Among Late Adolescents
Authors: Kim‐Spoon Jungmeen , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Lauharatanahirun Nina , Farley Julee P. , Chiu Pearl H. , Bickel Warren K. , King‐Casas Brooks 
Published: November 2016

The developmental period of adolescence is characterized by increasing incidence of health risk behaviors (HRBs). Based on theoretical models that emphasize the moderating role of cognitive control, this study examined how neural correlates of cognitive control and risk sensitivity interact to predict HRBs among late adolescents (17–20 years). Neuroimaging data indicate that risk‐related hemodynamic activity in the anterior insula during anticipation of uncertain outcomes predicts HRBs among late adolescents exhibiting greater dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activity during a cognitive interference task but not among late adolescents requiring less dACC activity. These results present neural evidence for a significant moderating effect of cognitive control on the link between risk sensitivity and HRBs among late adolescents.
Adaptation and Validation of the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule for Use With High School Dropouts
Authors: Dupéré Véronique , Dion Eric , Harkness Kate , McCabe Julie , Thouin Éliane , Parent Sophie 
Published: November 2016

The Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS) is considered the standard for measuring psychosocial stressor exposure, but it has not been used with academically at‐risk adolescents, including high school dropouts. The goal of this study was to (1) adapt the LEDS for use with this population, and (2) examine the reliability (interrater) and validity (concurrent and predictive) of this adaptation among a sample of vulnerable adolescents (N = 545). Good reliability coefficients (.79–.90) were obtained, and stressor exposure was associated with concurrent criteria indexing mental health outcomes (depression) and major risk factors for dropout (administratively recorded and self‐reported). Also, LEDS scores predicted dropout beyond these risk factors. The adapted LEDS appears useful for describing academically struggling adolescents’ stressor exposure.
Milk protein responses to balanced amino acid and removal ofLeucine andArginine supplied from jugular‐infused amino acid mixture in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Tian W. , Wang H. R. , Wu T. Y. , Ding L. Y. , Zhao R. , Khas E. , Wang C. F. , Zhang F. Q. , Mi F. Y. , Wang L. , Ning L. T. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThis study was undertaken to evaluate the milk protein response when cows were supplied a balancedAAprofile and to determine whether a deficiency of Leucine (Leu) or Arginine (Arg) had a negative effect on milk protein. Eight mid‐lactation Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 5‐day continuous jugular infusions of saline (CTL),EAAmixture prepared on the profile of casein and supplied (in % of lysine (Lys)) 100% of Lys, 33.3% of methionine (Met), 110.2% of Leu, 43.6% of Arg, 50.8% of threonine (Thr), 81.6% of valine (Val), 69.7% of isoleucine (Ile), 61.4% of phenylalanine (Phe) and 34.2% of histidine (His) (Casein, 160 g/d),EAAmixture excluding Leu (−Leu, 163 g/d) orEAAmixture excluding Arg (−Arg, 158 g/d) in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four infusion periods separated by 7‐day interval period. The basal diet supplied 1.6 Mcal NELand 94.4 gMPper 1 kgDMto meet requirements for lactation. TheCaseintreatment provided a balanced supply (in % ofMP) of 10.3% Leu and 5.3% Arg, whereas in the two subsequent −Leu and −Arg treatments, the concentration of Leu and Arg was reduced to 8.4 and 4.6% respectively. Dry matter intake (15.4 kg/day) was not affected by treatments. TheCaseintreatment increased milk yield (14.9%, p < 0.001), milk protein yield (120 g, p < 0.001) and milk protein efficiency (0.03, p = 0.099) thanCTLtreatment. However, the −Leu treatment decreased the responses of above‐measured parameters by 6.25%, 70 g, 0.05 (p < 0.06) (compared withCasein). These effects of Leu were related to decreased Leu concentration and improved concentration of Ile and Val in plasma. The −Arg treatment decreased the plasma Arg concentration than theCaseintreatment, whereby resulted in the decrease of milk yield (5.7%, p = 0.073), milk protein yield (60 g, p = 0.011) and milk protein efficiency (0.04, p = 0.037). In conclusion, supply of EAA profile of casein can increase the lactation production in dairy cows, and 8.6% of Leu in MP partly limits the milk protein response when the requirements of Lys, Met and His were met. The level of Arg at 4.6%MPis not deemed to an ideal profile, as evidenced by decreased milk protein efficiency.
Commercially Available Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests for Detection of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Nichols J. , Weng H.Y. , Litster A. , Leutenegger C. , Guptill L. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundFeline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection is an important cause of disease of cats worldwide. Initial screening is commonly performed by commercially available point‐of‐care (POC) ELISA tests. Confirmatory testing for positive POC test results is recommended. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for FIV are commonly used additional testing methods; however, reported measures of diagnostic accuracy vary widely between PCR tests, making interpretation of results difficult.Hypothesis/ObjectiveThere is very good agreement between results of a commercially available PCR test and a POC ELISA test for FIV for specimens collected from owned and shelter‐housed cats.AnimalsBlood samples from 168 cats from 2 adoption guarantee shelters, an FIV Sanctuary, and 64 private homes were used.MethodsThis was a prospective study. Whole blood samples were collected in K2‐EDTA, divided, and submitted for PCR and ELISA testing. Follow‐up whole blood samples were collected in lithium heparin from cats with discordant results and submitted for virus isolation (VI).ResultsThere was very good agreement between ELISA and PCR (kappa 0.87; P < .001; 95% CI 0.79, 0.95). Of 168 cats, eleven had discordant ELISA/PCR results: 7 ELISA+/PCR‐ and 4 ELISA‐/PCR+. Using VI as a reference standard, there were 4 false‐positive PCR results, 5 false‐positive ELISA results, and 1 false‐negative PCR result (1 cat lost to follow‐up).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWhile there was good agreement between the POC ELISA and PCR tests, the discordant results highlight the importance of cautious interpretation of test results and the necessity of confirmatory testing.
Dietary intakes in children born small for gestational age and appropriate for gestational age: A longitudinal study
Authors: Wall Clare R. , Murphy Rinki , Waldie Karen E. , Mitchell Edwin A. , Wati Pushpa , Thompson John M.D. ,   On behalf of the ABC Study Group
Published: November 2016

AbstractChildren born small for gestational age (SGA) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated risk factors in later life; however, little is known about their dietary intakes. The objective of this study was to assess dietary intakes in SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) at 3.5, 7, and 11 years. The Auckland Birthweight Collaborative Study is a longitudinal case–control study of children born at term (n = 871). Children were assessed at 3.5 (n = 550), 7 (n = 591), and 11 (n = 620) years of age. Diet was assessed using a 24‐hr record‐assisted recall. Reported dietary intakes were analyzed and compared with the Australian and New Zealand Nutrient Reference Values. Compared with AGA, median energy intakes were significantly lower in SGA at 3.5 years (4.2 MJ [IQR, 3.0 to 5.8] vs. 5.4 MJ [IQR, 3.9 to 6.5]; p < .0001) but not at 7 and 11 years. Inadequate dietary intakes of micronutrients were more prevalent among SGA at 3.5 years and 11 years of age. A large proportion of SGA and AGA children consumed more than the recommended amounts of saturated fats, sugars, and sodium. There was no association of dietary intake and socio‐demographic factors. This study reveals that dietary intake in 3.5‐year‐old children born SGA is lower in energy and a variety of micronutrients compared with dietary intake in AGA. These intakes may however be appropriate given their BMI z‐scores. High intakes of sodium, saturated fat, and sugars are a concern for all children in this cohort.
Pacifier use and interruption of exclusive breastfeeding: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Buccini Gabriela dos Santos , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Paulino Larissa Munari , Araújo Clarice Lopes , Venancio Sonia Isoyama 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIdentifying modifiable risk factor for exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) interruption is key for improving child health globally. There is no consensus about the effect of pacifier use on EBF interruption. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to investigate the association between pacifier use and EBF interruption during the first six month. A search of CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS and Medline; from inception through 30 December 2014 without restriction of language yielded 1,866 publications (PROSPERO protocol CRD42014014527). Predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria peer reviewed yielded 46 studies: two clinical trials, 20 longitudinal, and 24 cross‐sectional studies. Meta‐analysis was performed and meta‐regression explored heterogeneity across studies. The pooled effect of the association between pacifier use and EBF interruption was 2.48 OR (95% CI = 2.16–2.85). Heterogeneity was explained by the study design (40.2%), followed by differences in the measurement and categorization of pacifier use, the methodological quality of the studies and the socio‐economic context. Two RCT's with very limited external validity found a null association, but 44 observational studies, including 20 prospective cohort studies, did find a consistent association between pacifier use and risk of EBF interruption (OR = 2.28; 95% CI = 1.78–2.93). Our findings support the current WHO recommendation on pacifier use as it focuses on the risk of poor breastfeeding outcomes as a result of pacifier use. Future studies that take into account the risks and benefits of pacifier use are needed to clarify this recommendation.
Clockgene polymorphism, migratory behaviour and geographic distribution: a comparative study of trans‐Saharan migratory birds
Authors: Bazzi Gaia , Cecere Jacopo G. , Caprioli Manuela , Gatti Emanuele , Gianfranceschi Luca , Podofillini Stefano , Possenti Cristina D. , Ambrosini Roberto , Saino Nicola , Spina Fernando , Rubolini Diego 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMigratory behaviour is controlled by endogenous circannual rhythms that are synchronized by external cues, such as photoperiod. Investigations on the genetic basis of circannual rhythmicity in vertebrates have highlighted that variation at candidate ‘circadian clock’ genes may play a major role in regulating photoperiodic responses and timing of life cycle events, such as reproduction and migration. In this comparative study of 23 trans‐Saharan migratory bird species, we investigated the relationships between species‐level genetic variation at two candidate genes,ClockandAdcyap1, and species’ traits related to migration and geographic distribution, including timing of spring migration across the Mediterranean Sea, migration distance and breeding latitude. Consistently with previous evidence showing latitudinal clines in ‘circadian clock’ genotype frequencies,Clockallele size increased with breeding latitude across species. However, early‐ and late‐migrating species had similarClockallele size. Species migrating over longer distances, showing delayed spring migration and smaller phenotypic variance in spring migration timing, had significantly reducedClock(but notAdcyap1) gene diversity. Phylogenetic confirmatory path analysis suggested that migration date and distance were the most important variables directly affectingClockgene diversity. Hence, our study supports the hypothesis thatClockallele size increases poleward as a consequence of adaptation to the photoperiodic regime of the breeding areas. Moreover, we show that long‐distance migration is associated with lowerClockdiversity, coherently with strong stabilizing selection acting on timing of life cycle events in long‐distance migratory species, likely resulting from the time constraints imposed by late spring migration.
Peritoneal catheter fixation combined with straight upward tunnel and low implant position to prevent catheter malfunction
Authors: Zhang Qingyan , Jiang Chunming , Zhu Wei , Sun Cheng , Xia Yangyang , Tang Tianfeng , Wan Cheng , Shao Qiuyuan , Liu Jing , Jin Bo , Zhang Miao 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimCatheter malfunction is the main reason for early peritoneal dialysis (PD) technique failure. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a new surgery technique with catheter fixation to the lower abdominal wall combined with straight upward tunnel and low implant position in reducing catheter malfunction.MethodsPatients with end stage renal disease who received PD in our centre from January 2013 to December 2015 were involved in this study. They were randomly divided into three groups according to surgical technique: traditional open surgery group, modified open surgery group and modified open surgery with catheter fixation group. All patients were followed up for six months after surgery. Catheter‐ related complications were analyzed.ResultsA total of 152 patients were involved. Among them, 49 received traditional open surgery (TOS group), 49 received modified open surgery (MOS group), and 54 received modified open surgery with catheter fixation (MOS‐F group). During follow‐up, no patients (0%) in MOS‐F group developed catheter malfunction which was significantly lower than that of the TOS group (0 vs 16.33%, P = 0.002). Although not statistically significant, the incidence of catheter malfunction was lower in MOS‐F group than that in MOS group (0 vs 4.08%, P = 0.134). No significant difference was observed in the episodes of infection, bleeding, leakage, inflow or outflow pain, hernia and delayed wound healing among the three groups (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsCatheter fixation combined with straight upward tunnel and low implant position can effectively prevent catheter malfunction in PD catheter placement.
Isolation of bacterial DNA followed by sequencing and differing cytokine response in peritoneal dialysis effluent help in identifying bacteria in culture negative peritonitis
Authors: Prasad Narayan , Singh Kamini , Gupta Amit , Prasad Kashi Nath 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThe treatment of peritoneal dialysis related culture negative peritonitis is empirical which increases the cost of therapy and moreover antibiotic resistance. We aimed the study to isolate bacterial DNA from PD effluent and indentify bacteria causing peritonitis in culture negative situations. We have also studied the cytokine response with different bacteria causing peritonitis.MethodsWe have isolated bacterial DNA from PD effluent of culture negative and culture positive peritonitis patients. Bacterial DNA was subjected to polymerase chain reaction using universal bacteria specific primers and subsequently to Gram type specific primers for the differentiation of the etiologic agents into Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative. The amplified products were sequenced and subjected to blast search to identify agent at genus/ species level.ResultsOf the 30 molecular method positive samples, 16 (53.33%) samples were positive for Gram‐negative bacteria and 4 (13.33%) for Gram‐positive, while the remaining10 (33.33%) were positive for both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. We have found organisms that usually do not grow on normal culture methods. TNF‐α was significantly associated with Gram‐positive peritonitis and regulatory cytokine IL‐10 with Gram‐negative peritonitis.ConclusionsThe molecular techniques are helpful in detecting and identifying organisms from culture negative PD effluent.
Gut microbial metabolism defines host metabolism: an emerging perspective in obesity and allergic inflammation
Authors: Kumari M. , Kozyrskyj A. L. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe presence of >100 trillion microorganisms (collectively called gut microbiota) in our large intestine is essential for the maintenance of health. The gut microbiota starts to develop before birth and matures within first three years of life. The Western diet and lifestyle have been implicated in causing an imbalance of gut microbial communities and their metabolites that consequence in disease states, such as obesity and asthma. With more than 13% of the world population currently living with obesity and one out of 10 children diagnosed with asthma, we explore here the recent developments in the biosynthesis and mode of action of the key metabolites in relation to these two chronic inflammatory conditions.
Maintaining Accurate Long‐Term Sensing Ability Despite Significant Size Reduction of Implantable Cardiac Monitors
Authors: LORTZ JULIA , VARNAVAS VARNAVAS , WEIßENBERGER WILKO , ERBEL RAIMUND , REINSCH NICO 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThe Reveal LINQ™ implantable cardiac monitor (ICM; Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) is obviously smaller than its precursor (the Reveal XT™), but little is known about its long‐term safety. Here, we investigated the long‐term R‐wave sensing reliability of the Reveal LINQ™ ICM.MethodsWe analyzed the sensing quality of the Reveal LINQ™ ICM over time between March 2014 and January 2015.ResultsA total of 30 patients underwent Reveal LINQ™ implantation. The main reason for implantation was unexplained syncope (60%). We evaluated a total of 305.8 patient‐months (median, 10.7 months) of R‐wave sensing quality. A comparison of baseline and follow‐up R‐wave sensing values revealed no difference (0.401 mV ± 0.244 mV vs 0.447 mV ± 0.323 mV; P = 0.225).ConclusionsThe consistent detection of events is an important safety feature of an ICM and linked to secure R‐wave sensing. Despite the noticeable size reduction, the Reveal LINQ™ ICM retains reliable sensing quality over time.
How Doxastic Justification Helps Us Solve the Puzzle of Misleading Higher‐Order Evidence
Authors: Silva Paul 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCertain plausible evidential requirements and coherence requirements on rationality seem to yield dilemmas of rationality (in a specific, objectionable sense) when put together with the possibility of misleading higher‐order evidence. Epistemologists have often taken such dilemmas to be evidence that we're working with some false principle. In what follows I show how one can jointly endorse an evidential requirement, a coherence requirement, and the possibility of misleading higher‐order evidence without running afoul of dilemmas of rationality. The trick lies in observing the difference between attitudes it isrational to hold(= propositional justification) andrationally holdingthose attitudes (= doxastic justification).
Tomato facultative parthenocarpy results from SlAGAMOUS‐LIKE6loss of function
Authors: Klap Chen , Yeshayahou Ester , Bolger Anthony M. , Arazi Tzahi , Gupta Suresh K. , Shabtai Sara , Usadel Björn , Salts Yehiam , Barg Rivka 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe extreme sensitivity of the microsporogenesis process to moderately high or low temperatures is a major hindrance for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) sexual reproduction and hence year‐round cropping. Consequently, breeding for parthenocarpy, namely, fertilization‐independent fruit set, is considered a valuable goal especially for maintaining sustainable agriculture in the face of global warming. A mutant capable of setting high‐quality seedless (parthenocarpic) fruit was found following a screen ofEMS‐mutagenized tomato population for yielding under heat stress. Next‐generation sequencing followed by marker‐assisted mapping andCRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout confirmed that a mutation in SlAGAMOUS‐LIKE6(SlAGL6) was responsible for the parthenocarpic phenotype. The mutant is capable of fruit production under heat stress conditions that severely hamper fertilization‐dependent fruit set. Different from other tomato recessive monogenic mutants for parthenocarpy, Slagl6mutations impose no homeotic changes, the seedless fruits are of normal weight and shape, pollen viability is unaffected, and sexual reproduction capacity is maintained, thus making Slagl6an attractive gene for facultative parthenocarpy. The characteristics of the analysed mutant combined with the gene's mode of expression imply SlAGL6as a key regulator of the transition between the state of ‘ovary arrest’ imposed towards anthesis and the fertilization‐triggered fruit set.