bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Transcerebellar to Abdominal Circumference versus Head Circumference to Abdominal Circumference Ratio in Predicting Asymmetrical Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: Najeeb Noorain Fatima , Sadhana Cimona Lyn 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is when a fetus is not able to achieve its genetic growth potential. The high incidence of FGR in the general obstetric population and its low recognition together lead to increased perinatal morbidity and mortality, and its early detection is useful in deciding the frequency of antenatal surveillance and optimizing the time of delivery to improve the neonatal outcome. The transverse cerebellar diameter/abdominal circumference (TCD/AC) ratio is a gestational age-independent parameter, which may be helpful in the early detection of FGR.

Objectives:
To compare the accuracy of transcerebellar to AC with head circumference (HC) to AC in predicting asymmetrical FGR after 20 weeks of gestation and to determine the significance of TCD and TCD/AC relationship in predicting fetal outcome as expressed by perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Study Design:
A prospective observational study.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective observational study was conducted in the Postgraduate Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. A total of 300 patients were taken and divided into two groups: Group A (patients of suspected FGR clinically) and Group B (healthy women with morphologically normal fetuses) in the age group of 18–35 years. Subjects with singleton, nonanomalous pregnancy, reliable dates, favorable lie to visualize posterior fossa, and gestation of 20 weeks or more, were taken from the said age group and followed for maternal and neonatal outcome.

Results:
The difference in TCD/AC ratio between patients with FGR (14.8 ± standard deviation [SD]) and without FGR (13.10 ± SD) is statistically significant with a P < 0.0001 with good sensitivity (93%), specificity (94%), and diagnostic accuracy (93.66%) in predicting asymmetrical FGR when compared to HC/AC ratio with sensitivity 83%, specificity 93%, and diagnostic accuracy of 89.66%.

Conclusion:
The TCD/AC ratio is constant throughout pregnancy and is increased in FGR compared to normal pregnancy and can be used as a screening test to diagnose FGR.
A Laboratory Approach Consideration for Thrombotic Risk Assessment in Transfusion-dependent Beta-thalassemia Major Utilizing Complete Blood Count Cell Population Data and Basic Screening Hemostatic Parameters
Authors: Gowda R. Yashica , Gudi Jayaraj G. , Mandolikar Ravindra Y. , Srevatsa Karthik , Kangle Ranjit P. , Jali Sujata M. 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
The objective of the study was to evaluate prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT) along with activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and its association with platelet and red blood cell (RBC) cell population data for initial assessment of thrombotic tendencies.

Materials and Methods:
Blood samples of 43 patients diagnosed with a beta-thalassemia major who were transfusion dependant were taken for assessment of mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), and platelet distribution width (PDW) along with RBC distribution width and correlated with APTT.

Results:
Elevated APTT and PT were noted among patients with thalassemia along with elevated PCT and red cell distribution width-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV). Reduced PDW was noted. Elevated APTT was positively associated with RDW and MPV and negatively associated with PDW and PCT.

Conclusion:
In our study, elevated levels of PCT RDW CV, PT, and APTT were observed. Elevated levels of APTT were also noted to be positively correlated with MPV and RDW CV.
Association of Age, Gender, and Body Mass Index with Coordination in Adults: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shekh Firdosh Firozbhai , Ramrakhiyani Harsha , Landge Pragna 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Coordination is the ability to execute smooth, accurate, controlled movement. The worldwide prevalence of developmental coordination disorder is 6%. Aging causes changes in the capacity to carry out fluid, precise, and controlled motor responses. The link between coordination and body mass index (BMI) was the opposite. Boys are typically more active than girls in their daily lives. The outcome measure is the Comprehensive Coordination Scale (CCS).

Aim:
The aim of this study was to study the relationship of age, gender, and BMI with coordination in adults.

Materials and Methodology:
374 participants who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from various areas of Vadodara district. Then, use CCS which is composed of six components. Then applied all 6 components on each participant. The total score will be calculated. Then correlate these scores between the age, gender, and BMI of the participants and after that determine if any correlation between age, gender, and BMI with coordination of participants is present or not.

Results:
Data were calculated using standardized questionnaire. Analyses were performed with SPSS version 27.0, R version 4.2. Data normality was determined using Shapiro–Wilk test. Spearman’s rank correlation test was applied to find the correlation between age and BMI with coordination and point – Biserial correlation test was applied to find the correlation between gender and coordination. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The present study concluded that age has a positive correlation with coordination, gender has no correlation at all, and BMI has a negative correlation with coordination.
Characterization of Anopheles mosquito breeding habitats for malaria vector control in Mazowe and Shamva districts, Zimbabwe
Authors: Nyasvisvo David S , Tamuka Nhiwatiwa , Rudo Sithole , Shadreck Sande 
Published: October 2024

Background & objectives:
Area-specific identification and studies of Anopheles breeding habitat diversity, distribution, and productivity in different seasons are important in designing and advancing effective malaria vector control according to the local context and needs. This study identified and characterized Anopheles breeding habitats for targeted control of malaria vectors in Mazowe and Shamva districts.

Methods:
Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Mazowe and Shamva districts between April and December 2023. Habitat productivity and physicochemical parameters were measured. Anopheles larvae were collected, reared to adults, and identified using morphological keys. SPSS software was used for data analysis. One-way ANOVA, Fisher’s exact, Pearson’s correlation, and simple linear regression tests were conducted.

Results:
Seven different types of Anopheles breeding habitats were identified from 56 sites. The highest mean density of larvae was recorded in stream edge pools during the post-rainfall period. Anophelespretoriensis (67.4%), An. gambiae s.l. (23.1%), An. rufipes (9.2%) and An. coustani (0.38%) were breeding in the study area. Anopheles pretoriensis bred in all habitat types, An. coustani in swamps only while An. gambiae s.l. and An. rufipes preferred stream edge pools, roadside pools, and hoof prints. There was a significant positive correlation between larval density and dissolved oxygen (r = 0.535; p < 0.001) and conductivity (r = 0.288; p = 0.032).

Interpretation & conclusion:
Size, origin, and type of breeding habitat were positive indicators for different Anopheles species in the study area. Potential malaria vector breeding habitats should be targeted for larval control under the current malaria control and elimination phases in the two districts.
Совершенствование системы социальных гарантий сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации
Authors: Анискина Н.В. 
Published: October 2024

Введение: статья посвящена исследованию проблематики правового регулирования и практики предоставления социальных гарантий сотрудникам уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации. Цель настоящего исследования заключается в попытке теоретико-правового осмысления системы социальных гарантий, предоставляемых сотрудникам с учетом специфики сферы правореализации. Методы: в процессе исследования использовались общенаучные методы научного познания, такие как анализ, синтез, сравнение, индукция и дедукция, а также специальные методы – формально-юридический, сравнительно-правовой, исторический. Результаты: исследована действующая система социальных гарантий, предоставляемых сотрудникам, изучена их роль в качестве ключевого элемента формирования правового статуса сотрудника и престижа службы в учреждениях и органах уголовно-исполнительной системы. Выявлены проблемы правового регулирования и практики реализации сотрудниками социальных гарантий, установлены основные причины их возникновения. Выводы: сформулированы предложения по внесению изменений в действующее законодательство в части обеспечения качества и доступности социальных гарантий сотрудникам. Выработаны правовые механизмы реализации отдельных видов социальных гарантий сотрудников в современных условиях функционирования рассматриваемой сферы государственного управления.
Introduction: the article studies problems of legal regulation and practice of providing social guarantees to employees of the penal system of the Russian Federation. Purpose: theoretical and legal understanding of the system of social guarantees provided to penal system employees, taking into account the specifics of the sphere of legal realization. Methods: general scientific methods of scientific cognition (analysis, synthesis, comparison, induction and deduction), special methods (formal legal, comparative legal, historical). Results: the current system of social guarantees provided to penal system employees is studied and their role as a key element in the formation of the legal status of employees and the prestige of service in institutions and bodies of the penal system is substantiated. The problems of legal regulation and practice of realizing social guarantees by penal system employees are identified and the main reasons for their occurrence are established. Conclusion: the author proposes to amend current legislation in terms of ensuring the quality and accessibility of social guarantees to penal system employees and develops legal mechanisms for realizing certain types of social guarantees for employees in current conditions.
Computer Modelling of Textures on Images with Human Skin Wound Areas
Authors: Lukashchuk Bohdan 
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we concentrate on the images of the wounds on the human skin and propose to consider each image as a set of smaller pieces – crops or patches containing different textures. We overview, develop and compare deep learning feature extraction methods to model image crops as 200-dimensional feature vectors using various artificial neural network architectures: convolutional autoencoders, variational convolutional autoencoders, and Siamese convolutional networks trained in the contrastive learning manner. Also, we develop a custom convolutional encoder and decoder, use them in the aforementioned architectures and compare them with the ResNet encoder and decoder alternatives. Finally, we train and evaluate k-nearest neighbors and Multi-Layer Perceptron classifiers on the features extracted with the model above options to discriminate skin, wound, and background image patches. Classification evaluation results on the features, extracted with the Siamese network, show the best test accuracy for all implementations without a significant shift between model versions (accuracy > 93%); variational autoencoders show random results for all options (accuracy around 33%), and convolutional autoencoders reached good results (accuracy > 77%) but with a noticeable difference between the custom and ResNet versions; the latter is better. Custom encoder and decoder implementations are faster and smaller than the ResNet alternatives but may be less stable on larger datasets, which still needs investigation. Possible applications of the feature vectors include an area of interest extraction during wound segmentation or classification and usage as patch embeddings while training vision transformer architectures.
ФРЕЙМИРОВАНИЕ ОБРАЗА ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЯ В МЕДИЙНОМ ДИСКУРСЕ
Authors: А. Т. Нургазина  , Г. К. Исмагулова  , М. С. Кулахметова  
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена исследованию фреймирования образа землетрясения в медийном дискурсе. При изучении особенностей медийного дискурса были выделены два основных аспекта: манипулятивная функция и прагматическая направленность, через призму которых проводился анализ примеров. Данные аспекты базируются на эмоционально-оценочном компоненте, заключенном в текстах новостных сообщений. Настоящее исследование основано на теории концептуальной метафоры и методе метафорического фреймирования. Проведенное исследование позволило проанализировать влияние фреймирования на восприятие информации в новостных сообщениях, интерпретацию событий и формирование коллективного сознания. В качестве методов исследования были применены контекстуальный и фреймовый анализы, в результате чего была выведена семантическая схема фрейма «КРИЗИС», концептуализирующего метафорическую модель «ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЕ как КРИЗИС», основанной на иерархии фреймирования: макрофрейм-слот-субфрейм. Выводы исследования указывают на то, что эта модель формирует образ землетрясения в общественном сознании посредством коммуникативных стратегий, примененных авторами новостных сообщений, смещая акцент ответственности с властей на природное явление и создавая представление о землетрясении как силе, на которую невозможно повлиять или ее предсказать. Таким образом, все это формирует концептуальную основу образа землетрясения и придает ему эмоционально-оценочную окраску и значение. Ключевые слова: медийный дискурс, метафорическая модель, фреймирование, манипулятивная функция, прагматическая направленность, слот, образ землетрясения, эмоционально-оценочный компонент.
Pelatihan pembuatan masker herbal dari Daun Sirih Cina (Peperomi pellucida L) dan Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera) bersama warga Desa Cipicung Purwakarta
Authors: Andriani Susi 
Published: October 2024

Latar belakang: Pemanfaatan tumbuhan menjadi sediaan kosmetik merupakan informasi yang masih perlu disosialisasikan kepada masyarakat. Salah satunya adalah pembuatan masker dengan bahan baku daun sirih cina (Peperomia pellucida L Kunth), lidah buaya (Aloe vera) dan tepung beras. Daun sirih cina khasiatnya bisa sebagai anti jerawat dan meningkatkan elastisitas kulit sehingga dapat menghambat penuaan kulit. Didalamnya terkandung saponin sebagai antimikroba penyebab timbulnya jerawat. Lidah buaya mengandung polisakarida yang dapat mengganti sel rusak pada kulit sedangkan tepung beras memberikan efek dingin dan menyegarkan kulit wajah. Pelatihan pembuatan sediaan masker lebih mudah untuk dipraktikan pada masyarakat pedesaan. Kegiatan ini sekaligus sebagai kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) dalam pemenuhan kewajiban tridarma.
Tujuan: Memberikan wawasan sekaligus pelatihan kepada masyarakat di desa Cipicung kecamatan Sukatani kabupaten Purwakarta tentang pembuatan masker yang mudah dibuat dan bermanfaat.
Metode: Dilaksanakan dalam kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat dengan penyuluhan (sosialisasi) dan praktik pembuatan masker herbal secara sederhana bersama masyarakat desa Cipicung.
Hasil: masyarakat Desa Cipicung Kabupaten Purwakarta, telah memberikan jawaban yang disampaikan melalui kuisioner. Jawaban dari peserta terhadap materi penyuluhan dan pelatihan sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat yang sangat setuju (73,33%); yang dijawab setuju penyuluhan dinyatakan menarik (80%); waktu penyuluhan cukup memadai (93,3%); masyarakat memperoleh manfaat (66,67%); perlu dilakukan berkelanjutan (80%); dan puas terhadap kegiatan penyuluhan ini (93,3%).
Kesimpulan: Kegiatan PkM dalam bentuk pelatihan dan penyuluhan pembuatan masker herbal dari bahan daun sirih cina, lidah buaya dan tepung beras untuk pemeliharan kesehatan kulit wajah dan pengobatan jerawat mendapatkan apresiasi yang baik berdasarkan respon kuisioner yang menjawab setuju dengan kegiatan ini yaitu sebesar 73,33%.
Predictions of satellite retrieval failures of air quality using machine learning
Authors: Malina Edward , Brence Jure , Adams Jennifer , Tanevski Jovan , Džeroski Sašo , Kantchev Valentin , Bowman Kevin W. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The growing fleet of Earth Observation (EO) satellites is capturing unprecedented quantities of information about the concentration and distribution of trace gases in the Earth's atmosphere. Depending on the instrument and algorithm, the yield of good remote soundings can be a few percent owing to interferences such as clouds, non-linearities in the retrieval algorithm, and systematic errors in radiative transfer algorithm leading to inefficient use of computational resources. In this study, we investigate Machine Learning (ML) techniques to predict failures in the trace gas retrieval process based upon the input satellite radiances alone allowing for efficient production of good-quality data. We apply this technique to ozone and other retrievals using measurements from two sets of measurements: Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (Suomi NPP CrIS), and joint retrievals from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) – Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Retrievals are performed using the MUlti-SpEctra, MUlti-SpEcies, Multi-SEnsors (MUSES) algorithm. With this tool, we can identify 80 % of ozone retrieval failures using the MUSES algorithm, at a cost of 20 % false positives from CrIS. For AIRS-OMI, 98 % of ozone retrieval failures are identified, at a cost of 2 % false positives. The ML tool is simple to generate and takes < 0.1 s to assess each measured spectrum. The results suggest this tool can be applied to many EO satellites, and reduce the processing load for current and future instruments.
High School Enabling Programs, Learning Journeys, and Transitions: Measuring Effectiveness from the Student Perspective
Authors: Maclaurin Anita , Sturniolo-Baker Rebekah , Shaw Sue , Monteith Deb 
Published: October 2024

University enabling programs provide historically underrepresented students with aspirational gateways and the academic skills and knowledges essential for success at university. Measurement of the efficacy of such programs has been typically neoliberal and quantitative in nature. This article argues for a nuanced measurement of success, exploring the efficacy of enabling programs from the students’ perspective to reduce marginalising the lived experience of enabling students. A phenomenologically inspired, qualitative online survey was made available to students enrolled in two high school enabling programs at Murdoch University, TLC Learning for Tomorrow, and FlexiTrack High, and an interpretative phenomenological analysis was performed on the data. The key findings indicate that enabling students feel well equipped for first year transition, but some barriers endure. The qualitative evidence could give rise to the creation of a more holistic measure of student success and encourage universities to develop stronger transition strategies for equity groups.
Percepção dos docentes sobre o ensino de Patologia na Medicina: desafios e abordagens metodológicas
Authors: Hamad Mehanna Samya , Rossi Ribeiro Elaine , Araujo Nonato Dos Santos Emily Karoline , Da Lozzo Garbelini Maria Cecilia 
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A Patologia está entre as disciplinas que parecem não ter seu sítio definido nas escolas médicas. Objetivo:Aprender a percepção de docentes sobre o ensino de Patologia nos cursos médicos e as abordagens metodológicas utilizadas bem como os desafios em possibilitar uma aprendizagem significativa correlacionada com a prática clínica. Método: Estudo exploratório e descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram doze docentes atuantes em Instituições de Ensino Superior. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas individuais audiogravadas. Para a interpretação e análise dos dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo de acordo com os critérios metodológicos propostos por Minayo (2013). Resultados: Os desafios mencionados nas entrevistas correspondem ao conteúdo a ser ministrado, restrito aos períodos iniciais da matriz curricular, além da necessidade constante de correlacionar e integrar os princípios de Patologia com a prática clínica por meio da utilização de casos clínicos. Também foi pontuada a necessidade de recorrer às recentes tecnologias de ensino, tornando as aulas mais dinâmicas em pequenos grupos. A carência de contato dos estudantes com a rotina laboratorial do médico patologista, também foi pontuada. Conclusão: O ensino da Patologia é fundamental na formação dos profissionais médicos e é imprescindível que seja realizado de forma longitudinal ao longo da matriz curricular.
Exemplar Project 4: Automated workflows for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Gamage Thiranja Prasad Babarenda , Zhong Xinyue 
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer represents a significant public health issue with approximately 2.3 million women worldwide being diagnosed with breast cancer each year. Early detection and treatment is key to improving outcomes. However, this is challenging due to the significant shape changes the breast undergoes during clinical interventions, which make localising tumours difficult. Our aim is to integrate state-of-the-art image processing techniques, personalised 3D biomechanical modelling, and population-based statistical analyses to help address clinical challenges in the interpretation of medical images to improve diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.We will describe our latest efforts towards developing automated workflows to predict breast shape under different loading conditions to pinpoint the locations of suspected tumours during breast cancer diagnosis and treatment procedures. This includes: application of machine learning algorithms to automatically segment the breast and its internal tissues from diagnostic medical images; generation of 3D personalised and anatomically accurate models of the torso and upper limbs and the skeleton from segmented image data using a combination of nonlinear geometric fitting and statistical shape analysis techniques; simulation of large deformation mechanics to predict shape changes that occur when the breast is repositioned; and the development of augmented reality platform to visualise simulated tumour positions directly on patients during clinical procedures. Studies using MR images from breast cancer patients are underway in collaboration with breast radiologists at Auckland City Hospital to assess the efficacy of these technologies in the clinical setting. We will describe how the 12 Labours project is providing infrastructure, resources, and guidelines to supports these developments. This research has the potential to lead to technological advancements in the breast cancer imaging field, which could translate into better health outcomes for women, and improve breast care practices world-wide.