bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cycling in Turkey: Reasons and benefits of cycling<p>Türkiye’de bisiklet kullanımı: Bisiklet kullanma nedenleri ve elde edilen faydalar
Authors: Koçak Funda 
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this research is to reveal of cyclist, reasons and benefits of using bicycle. In this regard, 110 female (Mage= 30.46, SD= 8.78) and 496 male (Myaş= 30.47; SD= 10.12), who were totally 606 cyclist selected by using convenience sampling sampling method, participated in the research voluntarily. In order to determine the reasons and benefits of cycling, personal information form and a three-section-questionnaire, which was prepared by the researcher were used in the research. In the data analysis, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, X2-Chi Square and Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient tests were used. Participants have stated the reasons as traveling, having interest in cycling, and staying healthy, and they have stated the benefits as feeling healthier, stronger, happier, and overcoming daily stress. As a result, the higher the income and education level get, the less people participate cycling. Also, it has been observed that single people have more positive attitude towards cycling compared to married people. In addition to this, gender, working status and duration have no effect on individuals' participate cycling. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı; Türkiye’deki bisiklet kullanıcılarının bisiklet kullanma nedenlerini ve bisiklet kullanımının sağladığı faydaları ortaya koyabilmektir. Bu amaçla kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak seçilen 110 kadın (Myaş= 30.46, SD= 8.78) ve 496 erkek (Myaş= 30.47; SD= 10.12) olmak üzere 606 bisiklet kullanıcısı araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Araştırmada kişisel bilgi formu, katılımcıları bisiklet kullanma nedenleri ve katılımcıların bisiklet kullanımı sonucunda elde ettikleri faydaları ortaya koymak amacıyla araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanmış üç bölümden oluşan anket kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde frekans, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, Ki-Kare (X2-Chi Square) ve Cronbach’s Alpha iç tutarlık katsayısı testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Katılımcılar bisiklet kullanma nedenlerini, gezmek, bisiklet sporunu sevmek ve sağlığı korumak olarak belirtirken, elde ettikleri faydaları ise daha sağlıklı ve güçlü hissetmek, daha mutlu hissetmek ve günün stresini atmak olarak belirtmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak gelir düzeyi ve eğitim düzeyinin artması bisiklet kullanımına yönelik olumlu görüşleri azaltırken, bekarların görüşlerinin evlilere göre daha olumlu olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte cinsiyet, çalışma durumu ve bisiklet kullanma süresi bireylerin bisiklet kullanımını etkilememektedir.
Homotopy techniques for tensor decomposition and perfect identifiability
Authors: Hauenstein Jonathan D. , Oeding Luke , Ottaviani Giorgio , Sommese Andrew J. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Let T be a general complex tensor of format

(

n
1

,
…
,

n
d

)

{(n_{1},\dots,n_{d})}

. When the fraction

∏
i

n
i

/

[

1
+

∑
i

(

n
i

-
1

)

]

{\prod_{i}n_{i}/[1+\sum_{i}(n_{i}-1)]}

is an integer,
and a natural inequality (called balancedness) is satisfied, it is expected that T has finitely many minimal decomposition as a sum
of decomposable tensors.
We show how homotopy techniques allow us to find all the
decompositions of T, starting from a given one.
Computationally, this gives a guess
regarding the total number of such decompositions.
This guess matches exactly with all cases previously known, and predicts several unknown cases.
Some surprising experiments yielded two new cases of
generic identifiability: formats

(
3
,
4
,
5
)

{(3,4,5)}

and

(
2
,
2
,
2
,
3
)

{(2,2,2,3)}

which have a unique decomposition as the sum of six and four decomposable tensors, respectively. We conjecture that these two cases
together with the classically known matrix pencils are the only cases where generic identifiability holds, i.e., the only identifiable cases.
Building on the computational
experiments, we use algebraic geometry
to prove these two new cases are indeed generically identifiable.
Die Zeit in zweidimensionaler Betrachtung
Authors: Koch Anton Friedrich 
Published: December 2016

AbstractB-time, i. e. the temporal scale of the B-series of events, is one and the same for all times, while A-times (the temporal scales of A-series) are as many as there are moments of time. This means that A-theorists will have to consider one-dimensional time two-dimensionally: as changing within itself at every moment. The two-dimensional view is here put to service for a meta-compatibilist theory of freedom, a theory, that is, which reconciles freedom, determinism and their first order incompatibility at the second order. Kant’s position is interpreted as meta-compatibilist as well, but as having the drawback of separating time and freedom. In order to appreciate the connection of time and freedom, one has to acknowledge that in free acts the future is determined further according to plan, while at the same time the past is (with nomological necessity) co-determined further in countless unclear and inscrutable ways. A free act thus consumes its own range of freedom by positing retroactively the sufficient causal antecedents for its taking place: It was free before it occurred and is part of nature after.
„Von Kant zu Aristoteles“
Authors: Lemke Duque Carl Antonius 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe paper deals with the philosophical key concepts of Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset (1883–1955), elaborating on the initial settings and further development of his philosophy till the middle of the 1930s. Based also on new biographical research, the analysis presents an innovative systematic approach to the influence of German neo-Kantian philosophers on his philosophical thinking, bearing in mind, particularly, the huge impact of German neo-Kantianism in Spain owing to cultural transfers effected by the famous cultural journalRevista de Occidente, which was edited by Ortega y Gasset between 1923 and 1936. As a central working hypothesis, the paper assumes that the development and distribution of Ortega y Gasset’s philosophical key concepts can be understood as a re-semanticised adoption in the light of a transformation process “From Kant to Aristotle”. The investigation uses a combined methodological approach of discourse analysis and cultural transfer studies.
Recht auf Vergessen? Ethik der zweiten Chance?
Authors: Abbt Christine 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The notion of ‘forgetting’ has assumed a new dimension in the digital age. Here I will examine a particular kind of forgetting as reflected in a ruling of the European Court of Justice (ECJ). What the ruling of the ECJ of May 13, 2014 (C-131/12) formulates and invokes as a “right to be forgotten” encompasses the right to co-determine whether certain personal data in the Web should immediately show up or not when a first name and surname is entered as part of a search. When a user has invoked the “right to be forgotten”, and it is determined that it applies, information is, however, not made irretrievable. It continues to remain possible to find this information in a roundabout way, i.e., by means of more precise search queries, although the information should not immediately become visible the moment a person’s full name is typed into a search engine. I will argue that this ruling can be seen as corroborating the fundamental rights of the individual. The idea of the “right to be forgotten” is to give a person a second chance in society. Not all forms of forgetting and remembering can be subsumed under this idea. As will be expounded, this court decision offers a useful normative fundament for the distinction between (1) legitimate attempts at reintegration, (2) legitimate attempts at rehabilitation and (3) unjustified recourse to a right to be forgotten.
Einen barocken Universalgelehrten edieren: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz,Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe
Authors: Kliege-Biller Herma , Meier-Oeser Stephan , Waldhoff Stephan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThanks to fortunate historical circumstances, Leibniz’s manuscripts have been preserved in exceptional completeness. With regard to the vast dimensions and the many fields of learning this legacy comprises, among them philosophy, mathematics, physics, politics, law, history, linguistics, technical engineering, and medicine, the complete edition of Leibniz’ “Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe” represents a unique editorial challenge. After a short historical overview on the older editions up to the early 20th century when the Leibniz Akademie-Ausgabe was initiated in 1901, a sketch is given of the “varia fortuna” of that edition and its thematic structuring in eight different series. A list of the online material, the various tools, and databases the edition offers to its readers is followed by a description of how to use the most characteristic feature of the edition, i. e. the particular form of variant apparatus, the so called “Stufenapparat”. Finally, some comparative advantages for the reader of the historical-critical Akademie-Ausgabe over the older editions are noted.
Zu Bernard Bosanquets „Die Realität des Gemeinwillens“
Authors: Stern Robert 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In his paper, Bernard Bosanquet deals with ‘a problem or a paradox’ which he takes to be raised by Rousseau’s conception of the general will, but not properly solved by Rousseau: namely how a will can emerge that aims at the general interest, which nonetheless arises out of the will of individuals who are concerned with their own interests. Proceeding in what he thinks are psychological terms that give some reality to a broadly ‘organic’ picture of society, Bosanquet argues against an excessively individualistic view of the mind, arguing instead that ‘community of life and experience’ can provide a ‘common element’ in the ideas of individuals, out of which a general will can emerge. Bosanquet also explores the institutional and policy implications of his view – for example, that the general will should not be identified with a vote upon a single issue. In his introductory essay, Robert Stern places Bosanquet’s paper in context and sets out its main themes.
Security in Logistics
Authors: Cempírek Václav , Nachtigall Petr , Široký Jaromír 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper deals with security of logistic chains
according to incorrect declaration of transported goods,
fraudulent transport and forwarding companies and possible
threats caused by political influences. The main goal
of this paper is to highlight possible logistic costs increase
due to these fraudulent threats. An analysis of technological
processes will beis provided, and an increase of these
transport times considering the possible threatswhich will
beis evaluated economic costs-wise. In the conclusion,
possible threat of companies’‘ efficiency in logistics due to
the costs‘, means of transport and increase in human resources‘
increase will beare pointed out.
Software development for the economic model
of R.Barro
Authors: Kalimoldayev Maksat N. , Amirkhanova Gulshat A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In this paper we describe the process of creating
software for R.Barro economic model. The goal of the
paper is the analysis of existing languages and platforms
and selections of them as means for developing advanced
software for modeling economic processes, and also the
construction of algorithms and programs using traditional
and modern methods of software development. Prototyping
was selected as an approach for the development, it
allows us to obtain in a short time the product, which
is available for testing and further improvement in order
to meet the requirements. The paper describes the version
of the program that meets the recommended requirements,
shows the schematic diagram of this program and
describes its main functions.
Limit loads for centrally cracked square plates
under biaxial tension
Authors: Graba Marcin 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the determination
of limit loads for centrally cracked square plates subjected
to biaxial tension. It briefly discusses the concept
of limit loads and some aspects of numerical modelling.
It presents results of numerical calculations conducted for
two-dimensional (plane strain state and plane stress state)
and three-dimensional cases. It also considers the relationship
between the limit load and the crack length, the
specimen thickness, the yield strength and the biaxial load
factor, defined for the purpose of this work. The paper includes
approximation formulae to calculate the limit load.
Procamallanus spiculogubernaculus Agarwal, 1958 (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from Stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis in India: morphological characterization and molecular data
Authors: Chaudhary A. , Verma C. , Tomar V. , Singh H.S. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe nematode,
Gastrointestinal digeneans (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) of horseshoe and vesper bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae) in Serbia
Authors: Horvat Ž. , Čabrilo B. , Paunović M. , Karapandža B. , Jovanović J. , Budinski I. , Bjelić Čabrilo O. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe qualitative and quantitative analyses of the digenean fauna of bats were conducted for the first time in Serbia. The sample comprised of 118 individuals of 12 bat species (
Co-solvent system of [EMIM]Ac and DMF to improve the enzymatic saccharification of pussy willow (Salix gracilistylaMiq.)
Authors: Han Song Yi , Park Chan-Woo , Kim Nam-Hun , Lee Seung-Hwan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA co-solvent system consisting of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]Ac)/N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) with different mass ratios was tested to improve the enzymatic saccharification of pussy willow (Salix gracilistylaMiq.). This system effectively lowered the viscosity and increased the biomass loading in the system. The water-soluble fraction obtained from the pure [EMIM]Ac remained constant or increased slightly as the amount of DMF was increased to 70%. At [EMIM]Ac/DMF ratios of 5/5 and 3/7, longer pretreatment times and higher temperatures increased the water-soluble fraction. The crystallinity of the pretreated product was increased by increasing amounts of DMF. The yield of enzymatic saccharification by means of this co-solvent system was comparable to that based on a pure [EMIM]Ac pretreatment, even though the glucose yield was slightly lower in case of DMF amount >70%. Expectedly, longer pretreatment times and higher temperatures improved the yield of enzymatic saccharification.
Effect of a bacteriophage cocktail in combination with modified atmosphere packaging in controlling Listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut spinach
Authors: Boyacioglu O. , Sulakvelidze A. , Sharma M. , Goktepe I. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAListeria monocytogenes-specific bacteriophage cocktail was evaluated for its activity against a nalidixic acid-resistantL. monocytogenes(Lm-NalR) isolate on fresh-cut spinach stored under modified atmosphere packaging at various temperatures. Pieces (~2 × 2 cm2) of fresh spinach inoculated with 4.5 log CFU/cm2Lm-NalRwere sprayed with the phage cocktail (6.5 log plaque-forming units [PFU]/cm2) or a control. The samples were stored at 4°C or 10°C for up to 14 d in sealed packages filled with either atmospheric air (AA) or modified atmosphere (MA). At 4°C under AA, the phages significantly (P≤ 0.05) lowered theLm-NalRpopulations on spinach, compared to control-treated inoculated samples, by 1.12 and 1.51 log CFU/cm2after 1 and 14 d, respectively. At 4°C under MA,Lm-NalRwas significantly reduced by 1.95 log CFU/cm2compared to control leaves after both 1 and 14 d. At 10°C under AA, the phages significantly reducedLm-NalRby 1.50 and 2.51 log CFU/cm2after 1 and 14 d compared to the control. Again at 10°C under MA, the phages significantly reducedLm-NalRby 1.71 and 3.24 log CFU/cm2compared to control after 1 and 14 d, respectively. The results support the potential of lytic bacteriophages in effectively reducing populations ofL. monocytogeneson freshcut leafy produce, under both AA and MA conditions.
Banking Overleveraging and Macro Instability: A Model and VSTAR Estimations
Authors: Schleer Frauke , Semmler Willi 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:Overleveraging of the banking sector has been considered one of the main causes of the 2007–09 financial crisis and the subsequent great recession. It was also of major concern for the subsequent BIS regulatory policies resulting in Basel III and its request for higher capital requirements. It has now become highly relevant for the planned European banking union. Overleveraging of the banking sector exposes the financial sector and the macroeconomy to vulnerabilities, but also, as critics state, seems to constrain credit flows to the private sector. We present here a measure of overleveraging, defined as the difference between actual and sustainable debt, conduct an empirical study on overleveraging for 40 banks in Europe, and study the vulnerabilities and credit contractions that can arise subsequently. Before the year 2004 overleveraging had not been a serious problem as leverage was on a sustainable level. However, in the run-up to the financial crisis, actual and optimal debt spread apart and the banking sector began to suffer from overleveraging. We use a non-linear Vector STAR model to evaluate the hypothesis that periods of increasing debt levels are accompanied by more severe credit constraints than periods of low leveraging. We demonstrate this for country groups across Europe.
Silicon control of bacterial and viral diseases in plants
Authors: Sakr Nachaat 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSilicon plays an important role in providing tolerance to various abiotic stresses and augmenting plant resistance against diseases. However, there is a paucity of reports about the effect of silicon on bacterial and viral pathogens of plants. In general, the effect of silicon on plant resistance against bacterial diseases is considered to be due to either physical defense or increased biochemical defense. In this study, the interaction between silicon foliar or soil-treatments and reduced bacterial and viral severity was reviewed. The current review explains the agricultural importance of silicon in plants, refers to the control of bacterial pathogens in different crop plants by silicon application, and underlines the different mechanisms of silicon-enhanced resistance. A section about the effect of silicon in decreasing viral disease intensity was highlighted. By combining the data presented in this study, a better comprehension of the complex interaction between silicon foliar- or soil-applications and bacterial and viral plant diseases could be achieved.
Rapid evolutionary dynamics of the Pepino mosaic virus – status and future perspectives
Authors: Minicka Julia , Hasiów-Jaroszewska Beata , Borodynko-Filas Natasza , Pospieszny Henryk , Hanssen Inge Maria 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPepino mosaic virus (PepMV) has emerged as an important pathogen of greenhouse tomato crops and is currently distributed worldwide. Population genetic studies have revealed a shift in the dominant PepMV genotype from European (EU) to Chilean 2 (CH2) in North America and several European countries. New genetic variants are constantly being created by mutation and recombination events. Single nucleotide substitutions in different parts of the genome were found to affect on development of symptoms resulting in new pathotypes and accumulation of viral RNA. The variability of the PepMV population has a great impact on designing specific diagnostic tools and developing efficient and durable strategies of disease control. In this paper we review the current knowledge about the PepMV population, the evolutionary dynamics of this highly infective virus, methods for its detection and plant protection strategies.
Elaboration of a strategy to control the peach twig borer Anarsia lineatella Zeller in the Sefrou region in Morocco
Authors: Asfers Adil , Blenzar Abdelali , Rachdaoui Mohammed , Joutei Abdelmalek Boutaleb , Houssa Abdelhadi Ait , Sekkat Ahmed 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTrapping by specific sex pheromones initiated in 2009 to monitor three pests, peach twig borer (Anarsia lineatella), oriental fruit moth (Cydia molesta) and plum fruit moth (Grapholita funebrana) revealed the greater importance of peach twig borer in comparison to the others. The results of monitoring the development of larval stages over time and the accumulated degree-days from biofix show that the pest develops five generations per year, one of which undergoes a diapause. In 2009 and 2010 chemical control based on tolerance threshold of 10 males/trap/2 weeks showed unsatisfactory results. With this method, the percentage of affected fruits increased from 6.8% in 2009 to 18.6% in 2010 despite the application of four treatments of organophosphate-based insecticides in 2009 and the application of four treatments in 2010 using active ingredients from different chemical families (pyrethroid, organophosphate and chlorinicotinyl). On the other hand, management of the peach twig borer by the degree-days method tested and planned on the basis of a bifenthrin treatment between 150 to 204 degree-days accumulated from biofix, gave interesting results where the percentage of affected fruits hardly exceeded 0.5% over the four years of study
Role of porous silicon/hydrogel composites on
drug delivery
Authors: Rocha-García Denisse , Guerra-Contreras Antonio , Rosales-Mendoza Sergio , Palestino Gabriela 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Nanomaterials are applied with great success
in biomedical applications as templates for the development
of new generation devices, which can be used to
solve current health problems. These new nanoscale systems
are designed with multifunctions to perform specific
and selective tasks. One of the most important applications
of this new nanotechnology; focuses on developing
new systems for the controlled release of drugs, mainly
due to their capability to improve the temporal and spatial
presentation of drugs in the body and their ability to
protect them from physiological degradation or elimination.
Hydrogels, porous silicon (PSi), and PSi-composites
have been widely adopted in this field due to their biological,
morphological, and physicochemical properties;
which can be tuned to obtain sensitive responses to physiological
stimuli. Despite the fact that some recent academic
papers have shown the benefits of these nanomaterials
in a wide range of biological applications, more in
vivo studies are needed to take these hybrid systems towards
clinical trials. In this mini-review some of the hydrogels,
PSi, and PSi-composites latest applications and
prospects in this field of science are presented.
Structural, electrical and magnetic features of Kagomé YBaCo4O7system
Authors: Bhat Masroor Ahmad , Zargar R. A. , Modi Anchit , Arora M. , Gaur N. K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPolycrystalline yttrium barium cobaltite (YBaCo4O7) powdered sample was prepared by conventional solid state reaction route using high purity yttrium oxide, barium carbonate and cobalt oxide. The as-prepared sample was characterized by XRD diffraction, SEM/EDAX, Raman analytical techniques, resistivity and magnetization measurements for structural, morphological, electrical and magnetic properties assessment. XRD pattern confirms the single phase formation of the sample without any impurity. SEM image shows the hexagonal growth of the crystal and EDAX spectrum reveals stoichiometric composition of as prepared sample. The variation in electrical resistivity from 90 K to 300 K follows the variable range hopping conductivity mechanism. The strong broad overlapped Raman peaks of Co–O and Y–O stretching and bending vibrations of tetrahedral CoO4with included components of YO6of octahedral symmetry are obtained at 542 cm−1, 486 cm−1and 636 cm−1, 436 cm−1, respectively. DC magnetic susceptibility exhibits very weak ferromagnetism below 80 K and does not obey Curie-Weiss law.