bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Interleukin-1 Signaling in a Mouse Model of Kawasaki Disease–Associated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Wakita Daiko , Kurashima Yosuke , Crother Timothy R. , Noval Rivas Magali , Lee Youngho , Chen Shuang , Fury Wen , Bai Yu , Wagner Shawn , Li Debiao , Lehman Thomas , Fishbein Michael C. , Hoffman Hal M. , Shah Prediman K. , Shimada Kenichi , Arditi Moshe 
Published: March 2016

Objective—

Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of acquired cardiac disease in US children. In addition to coronary artery abnormalities and aneurysms, it can be associated with systemic arterial aneurysms. We evaluated the development of systemic arterial dilatation and aneurysms, including abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in the
Lactobacillus casei
cell-wall extract (LCWE)–induced KD vasculitis mouse model.

Methods and Results—

We discovered that in addition to aortitis, coronary arteritis and myocarditis, the LCWE-induced KD mouse model is also associated with abdominal aorta dilatation and AAA, as well as renal and iliac artery aneurysms. AAA induced in KD mice was exclusively infrarenal, both fusiform and saccular, with intimal proliferation, myofibroblastic proliferation, break in the elastin layer, vascular smooth muscle cell loss, and inflammatory cell accumulation in the media and adventitia.
Il1r
−/−
,
Il1a
−/−
, and
Il1b
−/−
mice were protected from KD associated AAA. Infiltrating CD11c
+
macrophages produced active caspase-1, and caspase-1 or NLRP3 deficiency inhibited AAA formation. Treatment with interleukin (IL)-1R antagonist (Anakinra), anti–IL-1α, or anti–IL-1β mAb blocked LCWE-induced AAA formation.

Conclusions—
Similar to clinical KD, the LCWE-induced KD vasculitis mouse model can also be accompanied by AAA formation. Both IL-1α and IL-1β play a key role, and use of an IL-1R blocking agent that inhibits both pathways may be a promising therapeutic target not only for KD coronary arteritis, but also for the other systemic arterial aneurysms including AAA that maybe seen in severe cases of KD. The LCWE-induced vasculitis model may also represent an alternative model for AAA disease.
Stroke and Embolic Events in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Haruki Shintaro , Minami Yuichiro , Hagiwara Nobuhisa 
Published: March 2016

Background and Purpose—
Stroke and systemic embolic events are known to occur as complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and these complications are more common in patients with accompanying atrial fibrillation (AF). The diagnosis of AF is sometimes difficult, however, and it is possible that subclinical asymptomatic paroxysmal episodes or a first episode of AF in patients without previously documented AF may lead to embolic events. We investigated the prevalence of embolic events in patients with HCM and evaluated risk factors for these events in patients without documented AF.

Methods—
This study enrolled 593 patients with clinically diagnosed HCM (age at diagnosis, 51.0±15.6 years) from 1980 to 2010.

Results—
During a mean follow-up of 10.7±7.5 years, 68 (11.5%) experienced stroke and embolic events. AF had been documented before the event in 29 (42.6%) of them. AF was documented for the first time at the time of the event in 5 (7.4%) and after the event in 10 (14.7%). Among the 431 patients without previously documented AF (39 with events and 392 without events), older age at diagnosis and left atrial dimension ≥48 mm were identified as the independent determinants of the embolic event after adjusting for sex and classic prognostic markers related to HCM.

Conclusions—
The incidence of stroke and embolic events was about 1.0% per year in the HCM cohort. AF had not been previously documented before the event in more than half of patients with events. Older age and enlarged left atrial dimension are possible risk factors for embolic events in patients with HCM without documented AF.
Shape of the Central Sulcus and Disability After Subcortical Stroke
Authors: Jouvent Eric , Sun Zhong Yi , De Guio François , Duchesnay Edouard , Duering Marco , Ropele Stefan , Dichgans Martin , Mangin Jean-François , Chabriat Hugues 
Published: March 2016

Background and Purpose—
Both brain and cognitive reserves modulate the clinical impact of chronic brain diseases. Whether a motor reserve also modulates the relationships between stroke and disability is unknown. We aimed to determine whether the shape of the central sulcus, a marker of the development of underlying motor connections, is independently associated with disability in patients with a positive history of small subcortical ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Shapes of central sulci were reconstructed from high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and ordered without supervision according to a validated algorithm in 166 patients with a positive history of small subcortical ischemic stroke caused by CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy), a severe monogenic cerebral small vessel disease affecting young patients. Ordinal logistic regression modeling was used to test the relationships between modified Rankin scale, a disability scale strongly weighted toward motor disability, and sulcal shape.

Results—

Modified Rankin scale was strongly associated with sulcal shape, independent of age, sex, and level of education (proportional odds ratio =1.19, 95% confidence interval =1.06–1.35;
P
=0.002). Results remained significant after further adjustment for brain atrophy, volume of lacunes, and volume of white matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin.

Conclusions—
The severity of disability in patients with a positive history of small subcortical ischemic stroke caused by a severe cerebral small vessel disease is related to the shape of the central sulcus, independently of the main determinants of disability. These results support the concept of a motor reserve that could modulate the clinical severity in patients with a positive history of small subcortical ischemic stroke.
Dopamine Gene Profiling to Predict Impulse Control and Effects of Dopamine Agonist Ropinirole
Authors: MacDonald Hayley J. , Stinear Cathy M. , Ren April , Coxon James P. , Kao Justin , Macdonald Lorraine , Snow Barry , Cramer Steven C. , Byblow Winston D. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Dopamine agonists can impair inhibitory control and cause impulse control disorders for those with Parkinson disease (PD), although mechanistically this is not well understood. In this study, we hypothesized that the extent of such drug effects on impulse control is related to specific dopamine gene polymorphisms. This double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed to examine the effect of single doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg of the dopamine agonist ropinirole on impulse control in healthy adults of typical age for PD onset. Impulse control was measured by stop signal RT on a response inhibition task and by an index of impulsive decision-making on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. A dopamine genetic risk score quantified basal dopamine neurotransmission from the influence of five genes: catechol-O-methyltransferase, dopamine transporter, and those encoding receptors D1, D2, and D3. With placebo, impulse control was better for the high versus low genetic risk score groups. Ropinirole modulated impulse control in a manner dependent on genetic risk score. For the lower score group, both doses improved response inhibition (decreased stop signal RT) whereas the lower dose reduced impulsiveness in decision-making. Conversely, the higher score group showed a trend for worsened response inhibition on the lower dose whereas both doses increased impulsiveness in decision-making. The implications of the present findings are that genotyping can be used to predict impulse control and whether it will improve or worsen with the administration of dopamine agonists.
Impression management through people tagging in the enterprise: Implications for social media sampling and design
Authors: Raban Daphne Ruth , Danan Avinoam , Ronen Inbal , Guy Ido 
Published: March 2016

People tagging allows a person to tag one’s self or others; it is reciprocal and therefore has social implications. The main uses of corporate people tagging systems are for building internal social networks, solving problems, and seeking expertise. We explored the statistical and terminological relation between self-presentation and perception by others as reflected by the use of tags in a people tagging system within a large enterprise. Due to the features of the power law distribution of the data, two different samples were analyzed. Using content analysis, we found that when there are few self or social tags, users prefer to use tags from the Environment and Technology categories, providing tags that tend to be objective or factual. When tagging approaches saturation, it becomes more subjective and social, using tags from the Individual category. Self-tags tend to be more factual describing technology expertise while social tags augment the individual tags by adding a personal dimension. The more people tag and get tagged, the more terminological overlap develops. We conclude by providing practical advice on how to create a sustainable system by balancing originality and duplication using interactivity and feedback.
Excessive Iron and α-Synuclein Oligomer in Brain are Relevant to Pure Apathy in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Wang Fang , Yu Shu-Yang , Zuo Li-Jun , Cao Chen-Jie , Hu Yang , Chen Ze-Jie , Piao Ying-shan , Wang Ya-Jie , Wang Xiao-Min , Chen Sheng-Di , Chan Piu , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2016

Objectives: To investigate the demographic features, clinical features, and potential mechanism in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) with pure apathy. Method: A total of 145 patients with PD without depression and dementia and 30 age-matched controls were consecutively recruited. Patients with PD were evaluated by Apathy Scale (AS), scales for motor symptoms and quality of life. The levels of iron, oxidative and neuroinflammatory factors, α-synuclein oligomer, and dopamine in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with PD and controls were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, chemical colorimetric method, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Comparisons between PD with pure apathy and with no pure apathy groups and correlation between AS score and the levels of above factors were analyzed. Results: There were 64 (44.14%) cases in PD-apathy group. The PD-apathy group had older age, (97.81 ± 10.82) years versus (61.86 ± 10.80) years, and severer quality of life ( P < .05). The PD-apathy and PD without apathy groups presented no remarkable differences in motor symptoms ( P > .05). The levels of iron, hydroxyl radical (·OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and α-synuclein oligomer in CSF in PD-apathy group were significantly higher than that in PD without the apathy group ( P < .05). In patients with PD, the AS score was positively correlated with the levels of iron, ·OH, H2O2 and α-synuclein oligomer in CSF ( r = 19.838, .063, 1.046, and 0.498, respectively, P < .05). In PD-apathy group, iron level was positively correlated with ·OH level ( r = .011, P < .05), and H2O2 level was positively correlated with α-synuclein oligomer level in CSF ( r = .045, P < .05). Conclusion: Patients with PD had high prevalence of pure apathy. Patients with PD having pure apathy had older age. Pure apathy reduced quality of life for patients without worsening motor function. Excessive iron and α-synuclein oligomer in brain commonly contributed to pure apathy of PD through potential mechanism of oxidative stress.
Complications after colonoscopy and surgery in a population-based colorectal cancer screening programme
Authors: Saraste Deborah , Martling Anna , Nilsson Per J , Blom Johannes , Törnberg Sven , Hultcrantz Rolf , Janson Martin 
Published: March 2016

Objectives To report complications after colonoscopy and surgery in patients with neoplasia detected through a population based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programme in the capital region of Sweden. Methods Patients who after a positive FOBT screening result underwent colonoscopy from 1 January 2008 to 30 June 2012 were included. Mortality and complications within 30 days after colonoscopy or subsequent surgery were identified through national registers, and complications were assessed through review of medical charts. Complications were graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification. Results After 2984 colonoscopies, the complication rate was 1%. The risk of post-polypectomy bleeding was 14/1000. The risk of perforation was 1/1000 after a diagnostic colonoscopy and 2.5/1000 after a colonoscopy with polypectomy. One patient developed a post-polypectomy syndrome. There was one death which was not related to the colonoscopy. After surgery for 37 adenomas and 155 CRCs, the total complication rates were 27% and 50%, respectively. The rate of anastomotic leakage was 13% and 12% after surgery for adenomas and CRC, respectively. There were no deaths after surgery. The overall complication rate after colonoscopy and surgery for adenomas and cancer was 4%. Conclusions Overall complication rates were acceptable and mortality low; however, the rate of anastomotic leakage after surgery for both adenomas and CRC was higher than expected.
Impact of Chronic Nitrate Therapy in Patients With Ischemic Heart Failure
Authors: Moreira-Silva Sofia , Urbano Joana , Nogueira-Silva Luís , Bettencourt Paulo , Pimenta Joana 
Published: March 2016

Purpose: There is a lack of knowledge on the effects of nitrates alone in heart failure (HF). We aimed to assess the impact of nitrates use in the occurrence of ischemic events in patients with ischemic HF attending an HF clinic. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of a cohort of 632 patients managed in an HF clinic between January 2000 and December 2011. Patients with ischemic etiology were selected (n = 290). Patients were classified according to chronic nitrates use (n = 83 nitrates users vs n = 194) and followed up for 5 years for the occurrence of fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke. Results: Nitrates users had more frequently diabetes, dyslipidemia, and higher body mass index but were less frequently treated with statins. Thirty adverse events were recorded (n = 16 in nitrates group). Variables significantly associated with the occurrence of the end point in univariate analysis were arterial hypertension, diabetes, and nitrates use. Male gender, beta-blockers, statin, and clopidogrel use had a protective effect on the occurrence of the end point. In multivariate analysis, nitrates use remained an independent predictor of adverse outcome when adjusted for each of the variables: arterial hypertension, gender, diabetes, beta-blocker, and clopidogrel use; however, when adjusted for statin use, nitrates were no longer associated with the outcome. Conclusion: Long-term nitrates use in patients with ischemic HF was associated with higher occurrence of ischemic events, defined as fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke. Our results, although from a retrospective analysis, do not support a role for chronic nitrate use in HF.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in National Football League Athletes From 2010 to 2013
Authors: Dodson Christopher C. , Secrist Eric S. , Bhat Suneel B. , Woods Daniel P. , Deluca Peter F. 
Published: March 2016

Background: There is a high incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among National Football League (NFL) athletes; however, the incidence of reinjury in this population is unknown. Purpose: This retrospective epidemiological study analyzed all publicly disclosed ACL tears occurring in NFL players between 2010 and 2013 to characterize injury trends and determine the incidence of reinjury. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: A comprehensive online search identified any NFL player who had suffered an ACL injury from 2010 to 2013. Position, playing surface, activity, and date were recorded. Each player was researched for any history of previous ACL injury. The NFL games database from USA Today was used to determine the incidence of ACL injuries on artificial turf and grass fields. Databases from Pro Football Focus and Pro Football Reference were used to determine the injury rate for each position. Results: NFL players suffered 219 ACL injuries between 2010 and 2013. Forty players (18.3%) had a history of previous ACL injury, with 27 (12.3%) retears and 16 (7.3%) tears contralateral to a previous ACL injury. Five players (2.28%) suffered their third ACL tear. Receivers (wide receivers and tight ends) and backs (linebackers, fullbacks, and halfbacks) had significantly greater injury risk than the rest of the NFL players, while perimeter linemen (defensive ends and offensive tackles) had significantly lower injury risk than the rest of the players. Interior linemen (offensive guards, centers, and defensive tackles) had significantly greater injury risk compared with perimeter linemen. ACL injury rates per team games played were 0.050 for grass and 0.053 for turf fields ( P > .05). Conclusion: In this retrospective epidemiological study of ACL tears in NFL players, retears and ACL tears contralateral to a previously torn ACL constituted a substantial portion (18.3%) of total ACL injuries. The significant majority of ACL injuries in players with a history of previous ACL injury were retears. Skilled offensive players and linebackers had the greatest injury risk, and significantly more ACL tears occurred among interior linemen than perimeter linemen. The month of August had the highest incidence of ACL injuries, probably because of expanded roster sizes at that point in the NFL season.
Horizontal transfer of RNA and proteins between cells by extracellular microvesicles: 14 years later
Authors: Ratajczak Mariusz Z. , Ratajczak Janina 
Published: March 2016

AbstractExtracellular microvesicles (ExMVs) are part of the cell secretome, and evidence has accumulated for their involvement in several biological processes. Fourteen years ago our team demonstrated for the first time that ExMVs carry functional RNA species and proteins from one cell to another, an observation that opened up the new research field of horizontal transfer of bioactive molecules in cell‐to‐cell communication. Moreover, the presence of mRNA, noncoding RNA, and miRNA in ExMVs in blood and other biological fluids opened up the possibility of employing ExMVs as new detection markers for pathological processes, and ExMVs became a target for “liquid biopsy” approaches. While ExMV‐derived mRNAs may be translated in target cells into appropriate proteins, miRNAs regulate expression of corresponding mRNA species, and both RNA‐depended ExMV‐mediated mechanisms lead to functional changes in the target cells. Following from this observation, several excellent papers have been published that confirm the existence of the horizontal transfer of RNA. Moreover, in addition to RNA, proteins, bioactive lipids, infectious particles and intact organelles such as mitochondria may follow a similar mechanism. In this review we will summarize the impressive progress in this field—14 years after initial report.
Preparation, anti-biofouling and drag-reduction properties of a biomimetic shark skin surface
Authors: Pu Xia , Li Guangji , Huang Hanlu 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Shark skin surfaces show non-smoothness characteristics due to the presence of a riblet structure. In this study, biomimetic shark skin was prepared by using the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-embedded elastomeric stamping (PEES) method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface microstructure and fine structure of shark skin and biomimetic shark skin. To analyse the hydrophobic mechanism of the shark skin surface microstructure, the effect of biomimetic shark skin surface microstructure on surface wettability was evaluated by recording water contact angle. Additionally, protein adhesion experiments and anti-algae adhesion performance testing experiments were used to investigate and evaluate the anti-biofouling properties of the surface microstructure of biomimetic shark skin. The recorded values of the water contact angle of differently microstructured surfaces revealed that specific microstructures have certain effects on surface wettability. The anti-biofouling properties of the biomimetic shark skin surface with microstructures were superior to a smooth surface using the same polymers as substrates. Moreover, the air layer fixed on the surface of the biomimetic shark skin was found to play a key role in their antibiont adhesion property. An experiment into drag reduction was also conducted. Based on the experimental results, the microstructured surface of the prepared biomimetic shark skin played a significant role in reducing drag. The maximum of drag reduction rate is 12.5%, which is higher than the corresponding maximum drag reduction rate of membrane material with a smooth surface.
Regulators of actin filament barbed ends at a glance
Authors: Shekhar Shashank , Pernier Julien , Carlier Marie-France 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Cells respond to external stimuli by rapidly remodeling their actin cytoskeleton. At the heart of this function lies the intricately controlled regulation of individual filaments. The barbed end of an actin filament is the hotspot for the majority of the biochemical reactions that control filament assembly. Assays performed in bulk solution and with single filaments have enabled characterization of a plethora of barbed-end-regulating proteins. Interestingly, many of these regulators work in tandem with other proteins, which increase or decrease their affinity for the barbed end in a spatially and temporally controlled manner, often through simultaneous binding of two regulators at the barbed ends, in addition to standard mutually exclusive binding schemes. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we discuss key barbed-end-interacting proteins and the kinetic mechanisms by which they regulate actin filament assembly. We take F-actin capping protein, gelsolin, profilin and barbed-end-tracking polymerases, including formins and WH2-domain-containing proteins, as examples, and illustrate how their activity and competition for the barbed end regulate filament dynamics.
Exploring the prevalence and management of wounds in an urban area in Ireland
Authors: O'Brien Julie Jordan , Moore Zena , Connolly Bernie , Concannon Fiona , McLain Niamh , Strapp Helen , Wilson Pauline 
Published: March 2016

Aim: This study explores the prevalence and management of wounds within an urban setting in Ireland. Method: It employs a cross-sectional survey design, using a predesigned, validated data-collection instrument. Findings: The point prevalence of wounds was 3.7% (n=445), with surgical wounds being the most prevalent (43%; n=189). Wound care was provided across a wide variety of clinical settings, with the majority of patients (60%; n=271) managed in the acute care setting. Most dressings were changed 2–3 times a week (60%; n=271). The mean dressing time was 15 minutes (SD: 12.4 minutes), varying from 2 minutes to 90 minutes. The mean nurse travel time was 3 minutes (SD: 6.5 minutes), varying from 0–60 minutes. Among participants managed using silver and iodine dressings, 53% (n=10, silver) and 78% (n=50, iodine) were prescribed for wounds described as being not infected. Alginate dressings were used incorrectly in 75% of cases, foam dressings in 63% of cases and Hydrofiber dressings in 63% of cases. Conclusion: Wound management within the explored geographical area is an important clinical intervention. This study identified areas of practice that need to be addressed, primarily those related to the topical management of the wound and use of offloading. The data has been used to inform practice, education, and further research in this important clinical specialty.