bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High fat, high sucrose diet promotes increased expression of ACE2 receptor in the SIV-infected host: implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Delery Elizabeth C. , Levitt Danielle E. , Amedee Angela M. , Molina Patricia E. , Simon Liz 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionPeople with pre-existing conditions, including metabolic comorbidities, are at greater risk for complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection and expression of machinery required for viral entry into host cells may be a contributing factor. This study tested the hypothesis that high fat, high sucrose diet (HFSD) and alcohol use increase expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in tissues isolated from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected macaques, the most clinically relevant model for the study of HIV.MethodsBiospecimens obtained from a longitudinal study of SIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were used to determine whether HFSD and chronic binge alcohol (CBA) increased ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein and gene expression. Macaques (n = 10) were assigned to HFSD or standard diet (SD) for 3 months before CBA or vehicle administration. Three months later, macaques were infected with SIV; ART was initiated 2.5 months thereafter. Tissue samples including lung, pancreas, and kidney were collected at study endpoint (12 months post-SIV infection).ResultsProtein expression of ACE2 in the lung, whole pancreas, and pancreatic islets was significantly greater in HFSD- than SD-fed macaques with no significant differences in protein expression of TMPRSS2 or mRNA expression of ACE2 or TMPRSS2. CBA did not significantly alter any measures.DiscussionThe increased ACE2 receptor expression observed in lung and pancreas of SIV-infected HFSD-fed female rhesus macaques aligns with reports that diet may increase susceptibility to COVID-19. These data provide direct evidence for a link between dietary quality and cellular adaptations that may increase the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Gaze communicates both cue direction and agent mental states
Authors: Mayrand Florence , Capozzi Francesca , Ristic Jelena 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionAlthough it is well established that humans spontaneously attend to where others are looking, it remains debated whether this gaze following behavior occurs because gaze communicates directional information (i.e., where an agent is looking) or because gaze communicates an agent’s inferred mental content (i.e., what an agent perceives), both of which rely on the processes involved in the general Theory of Mind ability.MethodsTo address this question, in two Experiments we used a novel task to measure how spatially dissociated and spatially combined effects of an agent’s gaze direction and perceived mental content influence target performance. We also contrasted performance for social directional cues and nonsocial arrows.ResultsOur data revealed that performance was compromised when cue direction and mental content dissociated relative to when they combined. Performance for dissociated components was especially prominent when a social avatar served as a cue relative to a comparison arrow.DiscussionTogether, these data show that a typical gaze signal communicates information about both where an agent is attending and what they are attending to.
Stressors during the prodromal phase of major depressive episode (CHR-D)
Authors: Meisenzahl Eva , Schultze-Lutter Frauke , Stegmüller Veronika , Schulte-Körne Gerd , Greimel Ellen , Klingele Cosima , Dannlowski Udo , Hahn Tim , Romer Georg , Romanos Marcel , Deserno Lorenz , Theisen Christian , Kujovic Milenko , Ruhrmann Stefan , Forstner Andreas J. , Wege Natalia 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionEarly recognition and indicated prevention is a promising approach to decrease the incidence of Major depressive episodes (MDE), targeting the patients during their clinical high-risk state of MDE (CHR-D). The identification of a set of stressors at the CHR-D increases the success of indicated prevention with personalized early interventions. The study evaluated stressors in the early phase of depression, developed on the basis of a patient survey on stressors.MethodsSixty-eight inpatients (ICD10: F3x.xx) with a reported high risk state for major depressive episode (CHR-D) were included in the current study. Stressors during CHR-D were retrospectively explored using a semi-structured clinical interview supplemented by open-ended questions. A qualitative explorative content analysis was provided to identify a pattern of stressors during the prodromal phase of the patients, based on the patient’s perspective. A frequency analysis was performed for the evaluation of the prevalence of reported source of stress.ResultsAll patients reported stressors in the prodromal phase of depression. Results demonstrates that patients with depressive disorder typically report multiple stressors, with the most common number being four. First, 18 stressors-groups were identified during coding. Interpersonal conflicts and disappointments in close relationships were most frequently reported stressors during the prodromal phase at 44.1%. The second most frequent stressor mentioned was the high qualitative or quantitative demands at work (38.2%). The third frequent source of stress was changes in close relationships and in family relationships (33.8%). Based on the categories of stressors described in the patient survey during the prodromal phase we suggested a model of stressors in CHR-D during the prodromal phase of the MDE.DiscussionThe identification of a set of stressors at the early stage of MDE may increase opportunities for early intervention. In everyday clinical practice, preventive psychiatry needs clinical and adapted instruments for recording stressors in today’s society. This knowledge is necessary in order to develop precisely indicated prevention for depressive disorders.
Isolation and Characterization of Two Novel Lytic Bacteriophages against Salmonella typhimurium and Their Biocontrol Potential in Food Products
Authors: Song Yaxiong , Gu Wentao , Hu Yaozhong , Zhang Bowei , Wang Jin , Sun Yi , Fu Wenhui , Li Xinyang , Xing Xiaolong , Wang Shuo 
Published: September 2024

Foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella, are major factors that pose significant threats to global food safety and public health. Salmonella typhimurium is a prominent serotype contributing to non-typhoidal salmonellosis, which is a prevalent foodborne illness affecting humans and animals. Bacteriophages are considered one of the most environmentally friendly biocontrol agents, particularly in the food industry, owing to their high specificity and high safety. However, the emergency of phage-resistant mutants limits the biocontrol effect of phage treatment, leading to the requirement for a high diversity of lytic phages. Therefore, the study isolated and characterized two novel lytic Salmonella bacteriophages (SPYS_1 and SPYS_2) targeting S. typhimurium ATCC14028 and evaluated their effectiveness in reducing the contamination rates for milk and chicken tenders. Morphological and genomic analyses indicated that Salmonella phages SPYS_1 and SPYS_2 are novel species classified under the genus Skatevirus and the genus Berlinvirus, respectively. Both phages exhibited high stability across a broad range of thermal and pH conditions. The one-step growth curve result suggested that both phages had a short adsorption time and a large burst size in a single lytic cycle. The phage SPYS_1 demonstrated a noteworthy inhibition effect on the growth of S. typhimurium ATCC14028 in milk, resulting in a ~2-log reduction within the 2 to 4 h range. Overall, both phages have shown significant potential for application in food safety in the future.
Detecting Alu Element Insertion Variant in RP1 Gene Using Whole Genome Sequencing in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Kwon Hye-Ji , Lee Beom-Hee , Lee Joo-Yong 
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Alu element insertion in the exon 4 of the RP1 gene was newly identified through whole genome sequencing (WGS). This was not detected in previous next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. We report three cases of Korean retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients with compound heterozygous variants including Alu element insertion in the RP1 gene, indicating that Alu element insertion could be a cause of RP; Methods: Among patients diagnosed with RP having variants in the RP1 gene in the Asan Medical Center, WGS was additionally performed for genetically unsolved cases in previous NGS analysis to detect any presence of Alu element insertion. For cases detected to have Alu element insertion in the exon 4 of the RP1 gene, genetic and clinical characteristics were analyzed; Results: Among 16 patients with RP, 3 patients were detected to have Alu element insertion in the RP1 gene. Alu element insertion in the RP1 gene was also detected using WGS. It was revealed to be a pathogenic variant. Therefore, RP1 gene mutation was the confirmed genetic cause of RP for these three cases and genetic counseling was enabled for them; Conclusions: Alu element insertion in the RP1 gene could be a genetic cause of autosomal recessive RP patients with compound heterozygous variants. Through WGS, the identification of this pathogenic variant was possible. Confirmation is needed to check the presence of Alu element insertion in patients with compound heterozygous variants in the RP1 gene.
A Novel Newborn Screening Program for Sickle Cell Disease in Nigeria
Authors: Galadanci Aisha A. , Ibrahim Umma A. , Carroll Yvonne , Jobbi Yusuf D. , Farouk Zubaida L. , Mukaddas Aisha , Hussaini Nafiu , Sani Musa Bilya , Klein Lauren J. , DeBaun Michael R. 
Published: September 2024

Newborn screening for sickle cell disease (SCD) is sparse in sub-Saharan Africa. The leadership of the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) in Kano, Nigeria, with the support of local religious authorities, established a groundbreaking SCD newborn screening program that has become the standard of care for pregnant women and their newborns. Our program includes (1) prenatal genetic counseling for all pregnant women in the antenatal clinic, (2) newborn screening, (3) postnatal genetic counseling for parents of newborns diagnosed with SCD and SCT, and (4) referral of newborns with SCD for follow-up in the SCD Comprehensive Care Clinic by 3 months of age. From September 2020 to December 2023, the team screened 7530 infants for SCD at the AKTH, identifying 126 (1.7%) infants with SCD and 1546 (20.5%) with SCT. Of these, 93 (73.8%) newborns with SCD received individualized genetic counseling, and 43 (46%) were referred to the SCD Comprehensive Care Clinic before 3 months. Group genetic counseling was provided to the parents of 778 (50.3%) of newborns identified with SCT. The SCD newborn screening at the AKTH is now standard care, indicating the viability of sustaining an SCD newborn screening program that provides pre- and postnatal genetic counseling and comprehensive SCD care within a low-income setting.
Influence of Peanut Consumption on the Gut Microbiome: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Nguyen Sang Minh , Tran Thi Du Chi , Tran Thi Mo , Wang Cong , Wu Jie , Cai Qiuyin , Ye Fei , Shu Xiao-Ou 
Published: September 2024

Background: Peanut consumption could impact cardiometabolic health through gut microbiota, a hypothesis that remains to be investigated. A randomized clinical trial in Vietnam evaluated whether peanut consumption alters gut microbiome communities. Methods: One hundred individuals were included and randomly assigned to the peanut intervention and control groups. A total of 51 participants were provided with and asked to consume 50 g of peanuts daily, while 49 controls maintained their usual dietary intake for 16 weeks. Stool samples were collected before and on the last day of the trial. After excluding 22 non-compliant participants and those who received antibiotic treatment, 35 participants from the intervention and 43 from the control were included in the analysis. Gut microbiota composition was measured by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Associations of changes in gut microbial diversity with peanut intervention were evaluated via linear regression analysis. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze associations of composition, sub-community structure, and microbial metabolic pathways with peanut intervention. We also performed beta regression analysis to examine the impact of peanut intervention on the overall and individual stability of microbial taxa and metabolic pathways. All associations with false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected p-values of <0.1 were considered statistically significant. Results: No significant changes were found in α- and β-diversities and overall gut microbial stability after peanut intervention. However, the peanut intervention led to lower enrichment of five phyla, five classes, two orders, twenty-four metabolic pathways, and six species-level sub-communities, with a dominant representation of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Escherichia coli D, Holdemanella biformis, Ruminococcus D bicirculans, Roseburia inulinivorans, and MGYG-HGUT-00200 (p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.1). The peanut intervention led to the short-term stability of several species, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii F and H, and a metabolic pathway involved in nitrate reduction V (p < 0.05; FDR < 0.1), known for their potential roles in human health, especially cardiovascular health. Conclusions: In summary, a 16-week peanut intervention led to significant changes in gut microbial composition, species-level sub-communities, and the short-term stability of several bacteria, but not overall gut microbial diversity and stability. Further research with a larger sample size and a longer intervention period is needed to confirm these findings and investigate the direct impact of gut-microbiome-mediated health effects of peanut consumption. Trial registration: The International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry (ITMCTR). Registration number: ITMCTR2024000050. Retrospectively Registered 24 April 2024.
Delineation of the Hydrogeological Functioning of a Karst Aquifer System Using a Combination of Environmental Isotopes and Artificial Tracers: The Case of the Sierra Seca Range (Andalucía, Spain)
Authors: Morales-González Antonio Lope , Jódar Jorge , Moral-Martos Francisco , Jiménez-Espinosa Rosario , Gázquez Fernando , González-Ramón Antonio 
Published: September 2024

The Sierra Seca aquifer system is located in the northeast (NE) of the province of Granada, in the Prebetic Domain (Betic Cordillera). It is composed of different aquifer units hosted in the Lower Cretaceous and Upper Cretaceous limestones. The two aquifers are separated by a low permeability marl layer, which effectively acts as a barrier between them. To outline the behavior of the hydrogeological system, 407 samples of precipitation and 67 samples of groundwater were obtained from May 2020 to Oct. 2022 and isotopically (δ18O and δ2H) analyzed. For the estimation of the recharge elevation, a new methodology has been applied to estimate the isotopic content of recharge as a function of precipitation. This allowed the evaluation of the vertical gradient of both precipitation (∇Zδ18OP=−2.9 ‰/km) and aquifer recharge (−4.4 ‰/km≤∇Zδ18OR≤−2.9 ‰/km). Therefore, estimating (1) the recharge zone elevation associated with the aquifer system, which is comprised between 1500 and 1700 m a.s.l., and (2) the transit time of recharge to reach the outflow point of the aquifer system, which varies between 4 and 5 months, is possible. Additionally, three tracer tests were conducted to outline the hydrologic connection between the recharge and discharge zones of the aquifer system. The results show that the Fuente Alta spring drains the limestones of the Lower Cretaceous, while La Natividad spring does the same with the limestones of the Upper Cretaceous. In the case of the Enmedio spring, groundwater discharge is related to infiltration through the streambed of the watercourse fed by the Fuente Alta spring.
THE EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITY PHENOMENON: CHINESE AND RUSSIAN ENTERPRISES COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Федорова А.Э. , Ли С. 
Published: September 2024

В статье проводится сравнительный анализ подходов к восприятию феномена ответственности работников китайских и российских предприятий, рассматриваются отличия в понимании ответственности в китайском и русском языках, а также влияние культурных особенностей на формирование этих понятий. Сбор эмпирических данных осуществлен авторами посредством онлайн опроса китайских и российских респондентов. Нарративный и компаративный анализ ответов на вопросы, связанные с восприятием ответственности на рабочем месте, позволили выявить сходства и различия в интерпретации этого феномена. Результаты показали, что китайские работники чаще ассоциируют ответственность с соблюдением правил и необходимостью оправдывать доверие руководства, в то время как российские работники связывают ее с индивидуальными качествами и компетенциями. Восприятие ответственности на китайских предприятиях в большей степени связано с руководством и подчинением, тогда как в России оно больше связано с личностными характеристиками и мотивацией самого работника. Описанные в статье практики управления ответственностью персонала китайских предприятий могут быть полезны для разработки стратегий управления ответственностью персонала, будучи адаптированы к специфическим условиям российского бизнеса.
The article presents a comparative analysis of approaches to the perception of the phenomenon of employee responsibility in Chinese and Russian enterprises, discusses differences in understanding responsibility in the Chinese and Russian languages, as well as the impact of cultural characteristics on the formation of these concepts. Empirical data collection was carried out by the authors through an online survey of Chinese and Russian respondents. Narrative and comparative analyses of responses to questions related to the perception of responsibility at work allowed identifying similarities and differences in the interpretation of this phenomenon. The results showed that Chinese workers more often associate responsibility with compliance with rules and the need to justify the trust of management, while Russian workers link it to individual qualities and competencies. Perceptions of responsibility in Chinese enterprises are more closely linked to leadership and subordination, whereas in Russia they are more associated with personal characteristics and motivation of the worker himself. Practices for managing employee responsibility in Chinese companies can be useful for developing strategies for managing employee responsibility adapted to the specific conditions of Russian business.
Ta'āluq Al-Mafhum wa Al-adā' Bayna Al-Khazaf Al-Barithaniy wa Al-Amerikiy Al-Mu'āshir (Khazaf pop Art Anmudzajan) Diraah Muqoronah
Authors: Al Shimare Shaimaa Ali Flaieh Mazban 
Published: September 2024

شهد تاريخ البشرية ظهور العديد من الحركات الفنية المتأثرة في بيئات حاضنة لها ومؤثرة فيها ومن ضمنها الحركة الفنية (Pop Art) التي ظهرت في بريطانيا وامريكا تزامنا ماشهده القرن العشرين من ثورات الصناعية وتكنولوجية ساهمت في تغييرات كثيرة في مجال الفن وطرق الأداء الفني والتقني عبر محاكاة لأشياء وادواته اليومية المختلفة المرتبطة بالواقع الاجتماعي. هذا البحث يستخدم طريقة المقارنة، وهي منهجية البحث المستخدمة لمقارنة مختلف جوانب من اثنين أو أكثر من الظواهر أو الكيانات أو المفاهيم في الخزف المعاصر البريطاني والأمريكي. والنتيجة التي حصل عليها الباحثة هي الارتباط بين فن البوب ارت في الثقافة الإستهلاكية منها وسائل الدعاية والإعلان وتقنيّات التصوير الفوتوغرافي جاءت كأسس تعتمد عليها الرأسمالية في المجتمعات الغربية. وكمرتكزات اساسية للأفكار الإبداعية والمرتبطة بحركات التقدّم والتغيير والحراك الإجتماعي المتسارع في حقبة ما بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية .إن النتاجات الخزفية أدت وظيفة غائية نفعية تتمثّل في إنتاج موضوعات إستهلاكية مطوّرة بأساليب صناعية حديثة عملت على تنشيط إقتصاد المجتمع الغربي وتفعيله.
Identyfikacja i analiza przemocy wobec polskich polityków w postach na Twitterze
Authors: Kijewska Barbara , Raca Katarzyna 
Published: September 2024

CEL NAUKOWY: Ustalenie występowania i charakterystyka przemocy wobec polityków na platformie społecznościowej Twitter (obecnie X), z uwzględnieniem różnic płci.
PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Badania nad przemocą polityczną dotyczą głównie fizycznych napaści, skupiając się na konfliktach zbrojnych lub zmianach reżimów. Powszechny dostęp do Internetu zapoczątkował nowy wymiar przemocy objawiającej się nienawistnymi i agresywnymi działaniami często skierowanymi wobec osób publicznych. Do realizacji badania wykorzystane zostały narzędzia text mining oraz sztucznej inteligencji.
PROCES WYWODU: W pierwszej części artykułu omówiono problem przemocy wobec polityków, następnie przedstawiono narzędzia zbierania i opracowania danych wraz z uzasadnieniem wyboru modelu analizy. W dalszej części artykułu dokonano analizy zebranego materiału.
WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Badanie nie potwierdziło obecności przemocowych treści w postach oznaczonych polityków, ale ujawniło, że prawie jedna czwarta tweetów zawierała pejoratywne treści dyskredytujące i dewaluujące polityków. Chociaż częstotliwość negatywnych komentarzy była podobna zarówno w przypadku polityków płci żeńskiej (24%), jak i męskiej (23%), istniały różnice w ich charakterze. Negatywne uwagi dotyczyły przede wszystkim zdolności intelektualnych polityków, niezależnie od płci.
WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Badanie potwierdza różnice płciowe w pejoratywnych komentarzach związanych z tradycyjnie przypisanymi rolami płciowymi. Obelgi kierowane pod adresem kobiet odnosiły się do ich życia prywatnego, seksualizacji i uprzedmiotowienia, podczas gdy negatywne uwagi pod adresem mężczyzn dotyczyły intencji i sprawczości polityków. Badania potwierdzają brutalizację języka w sferze publicznej, a omawiane wypowiedzi balansują na granicy dopuszczalnej krytyki i zniesławienia lub zniewagi. Wyniki badania mogą posłużyć do oceny występujących w mediach społecznościowych emocji i opinii społeczeństwa dotyczących konkretnych osób w partiach rządzących.