bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DHPA-Containing Cobalt-Based Redox Metal-Organic Cyclohelicates as Enzymatic Molecular Flasks for Light-Driven H2 Production
Authors: Zhao Liang , Wang Jian , Wu Pengyan , He Cheng , Guo Xiangyang , Duan Chunying 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe supramolecular assembly of predesigned organic and inorganic building blocks is an excellent tool for constructing well-defined nanosized molecular cavities that catalyse specific chemical transformations. By incorporating a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) mimic within the ligand backbone, a redox-active cobalt-based macrocycle was developed as a redox vehicle for the construction of an artificial photosynthesis (AP) system. The cyclohelicate can encapsulate fluorescein within its cavity for light-driven H2 evolution, with the turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) reaching 400 and 100 moles H2 per mole redox catalyst per hour, respectively. Control experiments demonstrated that the reactions were potentially occurred within the cavity of the cyclohelicates which were inhibited in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the redox-active NADH mimic dihydropyridine amido moieties within the ligands played an important role in photocatalytic proton reduction process.
Nonlinear optical spectrum of diamond at femtosecond regime
Authors: Almeida Juliana M. P. , Oncebay Charlie , Siqueira Jonathas P. , Muniz Sérgio R. , De Boni Leonardo , Mendonça Cleber R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlthough diamond photonics has driven considerable interest and useful applications, as shown in frequency generation devices and single photon emitters, fundamental studies on the third-order optical nonlinearities of diamond are still scarce, stalling the development of an integrated platform for nonlinear and quantum optics. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to those studies by measuring the spectra of two-photon absorption coefficient (β) and the nonlinear index of refraction (n2) of diamond using femtosecond laser pulses, in a wide spectral range. These measurements show the magnitude of β increasing from 0.07 to 0.23 cm/GW, as it approaches the bandgap energy, in the region from 3.18 to 4.77 eV (390–260 nm), whereas the n2 varies from zero to 1.7 × 10−19 m2/W in the full measured range, from 0.83–4.77 eV (1500–260 nm). The experimental results are compared with theoretical models for nonlinear absorption and refraction in indirect gap semiconductors, indicating the two-photon absorption as the dominant effect in the dispersion of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility. These data, together with optical Kerr gate measurements, also provided here, are of foremost relevance to the understanding of ultrafast optical processes in diamond and its nonlinear optical properties.
Rat sensorimotor cortex tolerance to parallel transections induced by synchrotron-generated X-ray microbeams
Authors: Fardone Erminia , Bravin Alberto , Conti Alfredo , Bräuer-Krisch Elke , Requardt Herwig , Bucci Domenico , Le Duc Geraldine , Battaglia Giuseppe , Romanelli Pantaleo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMicrobeam radiation therapy is a novel preclinical technique, which uses synchrotron-generated X-rays for the treatment of brain tumours and drug-resistant epilepsies. In order to safely translate this approach to humans, a more in-depth knowledge of the long-term radiobiology of microbeams in healthy tissues is required. We report here the result of the characterization of the rat sensorimotor cortex tolerance to microradiosurgical parallel transections. Healthy adult male Wistar rats underwent irradiation with arrays of parallel microbeams. Beam thickness, spacing and incident dose were 100 or 600 µm, 400 or 1200 µm and 360 or 150 Gy, respectively. Motor performance was carried over a 3-month period. Three months after irradiation rats were sacrificed to evaluate the effects of irradiation on brain tissues by histology and immunohistochemistry. Microbeam irradiation of sensorimotor cortex did not affect weight gain and motor performance. No gross signs of paralysis or paresis were also observed. The cortical architecture was not altered, despite the presence of cell death along the irradiation path. Reactive gliosis was evident in the microbeam path of rats irradiated with 150 Gy, whereas no increase was observed in rats irradiated with 360 Gy.
Targeted Recovery as an Effective Strategy against Epidemic Spreading
Authors: Böttcher L. , Andrade J. S. , Herrmann H. J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe propose a targeted intervention protocol where recovery is restricted to individuals that have the least number of infected neighbours. Our recovery strategy is highly efficient on any kind of network, since epidemic outbreaks are minimal when compared to the baseline scenario of spontaneous recovery. In the case of spatially embedded networks, we find that an epidemic stays strongly spatially confined with a characteristic length scale undergoing a random walk. We demonstrate numerically and analytically that this dynamics leads to an epidemic spot with a flat surface structure and a radius that grows linearly with the spreading rate.
A cell based, high throughput assay for quantitative analysis of Hedgehog pathway activation using a Smoothened activation sensor
Authors: Albert Evgenii A. , Bökel Christian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Hedgehog (Hh) signalling cascade plays an important role in development and disease. In the absence of Hh ligand, activity of the key signal transducer Smoothened (Smo) is downregulated by the Hh receptor Patched (Ptc). However, the mechanisms underlying this inhibition, and especially its release upon ligand stimulation, are still poorly understood, in part because tools for following Smo activation at the subcellular level were long lacking. To address this deficit we have developed a high throughput cell culture assay based on a fluorescent sensor for Drosophila Smo activation. We have screened a small molecule inhibitor library, and observed increased Smo sensor fluorescence with compounds aimed at two major target groups, the MAPK signalling cascade and polo and aurora kinases. Biochemical validation for selected inhibitors (dobrafenib, tak-733, volasertib) confirmed the screen results and revealed differences in the mode of Smo activation. Furthermore, monitoring Smo activation at the single cell level indicated that individual cells exhibit different threshold responses to Hh stimulation, which may be mechanistically relevant for the formation of graded Hh responses. Together, these results thus provide proof of principle that our assay may become a valuable tool for dissecting the cell biological basis of Hh pathway activation.
Soil hypoxia induced by an organic-material mulching technique stimulates the bamboo rhizome up-floating of Phyllostachys praecox
Authors: Xu Mengjie , Zhuang Shunyao , Gui Renyi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPhyllostachys praecox bamboo stands significantly recede after 3 or 4 years using an organic-material mulching technique consecutively. We hypothesized that the bamboo recession is caused by the up-floating of underground rhizome stimulated by soil hypoxia through the mulching technique. This study aimed to validate this hypothesis by field investigation. Bamboo underground rhizome distribution in the soil profile of P. praecox subjected to various mulching times was investigated. Results showed that bamboo rhizome weights and lengths increased with increased mulching time. However, after 4 years of mulching, the number of fresh rhizomes decreased significantly, and more than 50% of rhizomes floated upward to the shallow soil layer (0–10 cm). Moreover, the 0–10 cm soil layer suffered severe acidification that severely impeded bamboo-rhizome growth. The soil hypoxia induced by the mulching technique must be responsible for the bamboo rhizome up-floating. We confirmed that bamboo rhizome up-floating was the critical factor that caused the bamboo growth to recede under the mulching technique. Therefore, managing this bamboo rhizome up-floating is the key to sustainable bamboo production. The effect of soil hypoxia in the absence of flooding or waterlogging on plant root growth also warrants further and extensive study.
Equation of state of dense nuclear matter and neutron star structure from nuclear chiral interactions
Authors: Bombaci Ignazio , Logoteta Domenico 
Published: October 2017

Aims. We report a new microscopic equation of state (EOS) of dense symmetric nuclear matter, pure neutron matter, and asymmetric and β-stable nuclear matter at zero temperature using recent realistic two-body and three-body nuclear interactions derived in the framework of chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) and including the Δ(1232) isobar intermediate state. This EOS is provided in tabular form and in parametrized form ready for use in numerical general relativity simulations of binary neutron star merging. Here we use our new EOS for β-stable nuclear matter to compute various structural properties of non-rotating neutron stars.
Methods. The EOS is derived using the Brueckner–Bethe–Goldstone quantum many-body theory in the Brueckner–Hartree–Fock approximation. Neutron star properties are next computed solving numerically the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkov structure equations.
Results. Our EOS models are able to reproduce the empirical saturation point of symmetric nuclear matter, the symmetry energy Esym, and its slope parameter L at the empirical saturation density n0. In addition, our EOS models are compatible with experimental data from collisions between heavy nuclei at energies ranging from a few tens of MeV up to several hundreds of MeV per nucleon. These experiments provide a selective test for constraining the nuclear EOS up to ~4n0. Our EOS models are consistent with present measured neutron star masses and particularly with the mass M = 2.01 ± 0.04 M⊙ of the neutron stars in PSR J0348+0432.
Molecular Analysis Confirms that FKRP-Related Disorders are Underdiagnosed in Mexican Patients with Neuromuscular Diseases
Authors: Navarro-Cobos María , González-del Angel Ariadna , Estandia-Ortega Bernardette , Ruiz-Herrera Adriana , Becerra Arturo , Vargas-Ramírez Guadalupe , Bermúdez-López Cesárea , Alcántara-Ortigoza Miguel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe FKRP-related disorders include the limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2I (LGMD2I, MIM#607155) which has a clinical overlap with dystrophinopathies. Except for Brazil, LGMD2I has not been described in other Latin-American countries, despite that 1/64 Mexican-ancestry individuals carry the commonest European p.(Leu276Ile) pathogenic FKRP variant (rs28937900, 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3), suggesting an underdiagnosis. Sequencing of exon 4 of FKRP in 60 unrelated Mexican patients with presumptive diagnoses of dystrophinopathy without DMD gene deletions, or with a neuromuscular disorder of unknown etiology, revealed two patients (2/60, 3.3%): one of them with an unreported pathogenic genotype, p.[Leu276Ile];[Asn463Asp] and a Duchenne-like phenotype; and the other that stands as the third reported case bearing the severe genotype, p.[Asn463Asp];[Asn463Asp] leading to a congenital presentation (MIM#606612). We identified two patients heterozygous for the p.(Arg143Ser) and the novel p.(Arg48Pro) variants, respectively, which were absent in 200 control alleles. Protein modeling suggests that p.(Arg143Ser) is a tolerated change, while p.(Arg48Pro) induces a structural modification, although further molecular confirmation of dystrophinopathy was obtained in the p.(Arg48Pro) patient. Our results justify the inclusion of FKRP-related disorders in the differential diagnosis of Mexican neuromuscular patients. The commonly reported heterozygous FKRP genotypes deserve attention to avoid LGMD2I molecular misdiagnosis.
Telemedizinische Assistenzsysteme in der Rehabilitation und Nachsorge – Projekte,
Technologien und Funktionen
Authors: John M. 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklung von telemedizinischen Assistenzsystemen in der Rehabilitation und Nachsorge
steckt erst in den Anfängen. In den letzten Jahren lässt sich der Trend zu einer
verstärkten Fokussierung auf den konkreten Behandlungsprozess zwischen Arzt, Therapeut und
Patienten beobachten. Der Einsatz von telemedizinischen Assistenzsystemen ergänzt und
erweitert die ärztlichen bzw. therapeutischen Behandlungsprozesse. Hierdurch bieten sich
für Kliniken sowie niedergelassene Ärzte und Therapeuten neue Möglichkeiten der
Behandlung. Diesen Stand der Diskussion und Praxis aufzuarbeiten sowie einen Überblick über aktuelle
Trends zu geben ist das Ziel des folgenden Beitrags. Zuerst wird in dem Artikel ein
Überblick über aktuelle Projekte und Technologien für Telemedizinische Assistenzsysteme
gegeben. Zur besseren Einordnung der Funktions- und Wirkweise wird abschließend ein
Referenzmodell von Telemedizinischen Assistenzsystemen entwickelt und vorgestellt.
ReMove-It – Entwicklung einer telemedizinisch assistierten Bewegungstherapie für
die Rehabilitation nach Intervention an der unteren Extremität
Authors: Haupt T. , Wolschke M. , Rabe S. , Scholz I. , Smurawski A. , Salzwedel A. , Thomas F. , Reich H. , Völler H. , Liebach J. , Eichler S. 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungKnie- und Hüftgelenksarthrose zählen zu den zehn häufigsten Einzeldiagnosen in orthopädischen
Praxen. Die Wirksamkeit einer stationären Rehabilitation für Patienten nach Knie- oder
Hüft-Totalendoprothese (TEP) ist in mehreren Studien belegt. Dennoch stellt die mittel-
und langfristige Nachhaltigkeit zum Erhalt des Therapieerfolges eine große Herausforderung
dar. Das Ziel des Projekts ReMove-It ist es, einen Wirksamkeitsnachweis für
eintelemedizinisch assistiertes Interventionstraining für Patienten nach einem operativen
Eingriff an den unteren Extremitäten zu erbringen.In dem Beitrag wird anhand von Erfahrungsberichten dargestellt, wie das interaktive
Übungsprogramm für Knie- und Hüft-TEP-Patienten entwickelt und das telemedizinische
Assistenzsystem MeineReha® in den Behandlungsalltag von drei Rehakliniken
integriert wurde. Ebenso werden der Aufbau und Ablauf der klinischen Studie dargestellt
und das System aus Sicht der beteiligten Ärzte, und Therapeuten bewertet.
Primary Aldosteronism: The Next Five Years
Authors: Funder John 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe management of primary aldosteronism is widely varied within various published guidelines, with very little in the way of data supporting the choice of one variation over others. Current estimates of prevalence are probably accurate for aldosterone producing adenoma, but fall very short of that for bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Discovery at the level of basic science has proven illuminating over the past 6 years in terms of unilateral disease and both somatic and germline mutations, with much less focus on the much more common bilateral disease; Attempts at harmonization have begun – for example, criteria for complete/partial/absent cure after adrenalectomy for unilateral disease; again focus on bilateral disease is muted. A number of possibilities are suggested as agenda for active consideration and change, across a wide range of areas – referral patterns, screening, confirmation and lateralization, what will be needed is discussion and agreement, to fill the lacunae within the current guidelines. Those involved will want to change to make such an agenda possible.
Lipidomic Changes in Skeletal Muscle in Patients after Biliopancreatic Diversion
Authors: Mehnert Carola , Graessler Juergen , Kamvissi-Lorenz Virginia , Castagneto Gissey Lidia , Casella Mariolo James , Casella Giovanni , Mingrone Geltrude , Bornstein Stefan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe mechanisms behind the fast improvements of insulin sensitivity and release of the diabetic metabolic state after bariatric surgery are still not completely understood. To further elucidate the effects on the individual cellular level, we applied mass spectrometry to investigate the changes in the lipidomic profile of skeletal muscle cells before and after biliopancreatic diversion in six patients. We found a decrease in lipid storage species, mainly triacylglycerides (e. g., TAG 52:2 from 19.84 to 13.26 mol%; p=0.028), and an increase in structural and signaling lipids, including phosphatidylcholines [PC 36:2 (18:1/18:1) from 0.12 to 0.65 mol%; p=0.046], phosphatidylinositols (PI 36:2 from 0.008 to 0.039 mol%; p=0.046), and cardiolipins (CL 72:8 from 0.16 to 1.22 mol%; p=0.043). The proportional increase in structural lipids was directly and the decrease in TAGs was inversely correlated to improved post-operative insulin sensitivity, measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Thus, short-term recovery of insulin sensitivity after biliopancreatic diversion may, beside gut hormonal adaptation, mechanical factors, shifts in the gut microbiome, and changes in bile acid and phospholipid metabolism, additionally be attributed to a metabolic recovery of skeletal muscle cells, reflected by normalization of the cellular lipidomic profile. Further studies are needed to investigate whether improved insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle might be directly associated with the degradation of ectopic triglycerides, thereby reducing the reservoir of lipotoxic intermediates, which might interfere with insulin signaling and hamper mitochondrial metabolism.
Medikamentöse Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Berliner Dominik , Bauersachs Johann 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDie chronische Herzinsuffizienz nimmt aufgrund einer veränderten Altersstruktur der Bevölkerung, aber auch einer verbesserten medizinischen
(Akut-)Versorgung kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen an Inzidenz und Prävalenz zu. Unbehandelt hat sie eine schlechte Prognose – (rezidivierende)
Hospitalisierungen stellen ein zunehmendes gesundheitsökonomisches Problem dar. Fortschritte in der Therapie der Patienten durch moderne
Substanzen und konsequente Umsetzung der Therapieempfehlungen können die Prognose der Betroffenen deutlich verbessern. Neben der Etablierung
der Mineralokortikoid-Rezeptor-Antagonisten bereits in milderen Stadien der systolischen Herzinsuffizienz und der Therapie mit dem
If-Kanal-Blocker Ivabradin verspricht insbesondere der neue Angiotensin-Rezeptor-/Neprilysin-Inhibitor Sacubitril/Valsartan
eine Verbesserung der Prognose. Daneben rücken zunehmend Diagnostik und Therapie prognosemodifizierender Komorbiditäten weiter in den Fokus.
Die im Sommer 2016 vorgestellten aktualisierten Leitlinien der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (ESC) fassen den aktuellen Stand
der Evidenz zusammen und geben Empfehlungen zur zeitgemäßen Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz.
Evolutionary and molecular foundations of multiple contemporary functions of the nitroreductase superfamily
Authors: Akiva Eyal , Copp Janine N. , Tokuriki Nobuhiko , Babbitt Patricia C. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Functionally diverse enzyme superfamilies are sets of homologs that conserve a structural fold and mechanistic details but perform various distinct chemical reactions. What are the evolutionary routes by which ancestral proteins diverge to produce extant enzymes? We present an approach that combines experimental data with computational tools to trace these sequence–structure–function transitions in a model system, the functionally diverse flavin mononucleotide-dependent nitroreductases (NTRs). Our results suggest an evolutionary model in which contemporary NTR classes have diverged in a radial manner from a minimal flavin-binding scaffold via insertions at key positions and fixation of functional residues, yielding the reaction versatility of contemporary enzymes. These principles will facilitate rational design of NTRs and advance general approaches for delineating the emergence of functional diversity in enzyme superfamilies.
Survival and divergence in a small group: The extraordinary genomic history of the endangered Apennine brown bear stragglers
Authors: Benazzo Andrea , Trucchi Emiliano , Cahill James A. , Maisano Delser Pierpaolo , Mona Stefano , Fumagalli Matteo , Bunnefeld Lynsey , Cornetti Luca , Ghirotto Silvia , Girardi Matteo , Ometto Lino , Panziera Alex , Rota-Stabelli Omar , Zanetti Enrico , Karamanlidis Alexandros , Groff Claudio , Paule Ladislav , Gentile Leonardo , Vilà Carles , Vicario Saverio , Boitani Luigi , Orlando Ludovic , Fuselli Silvia , Vernesi Cristiano , Shapiro Beth , Ciucci Paolo , Bertorelle Giorgio 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceA small and relict population of brown bears lives in complete isolation in the Italian Apennine Mountains, providing a unique opportunity to study the impact of drift and selection on the genomes of a large endangered mammal and reconstruct the phenotypic consequences and the conservation implications of such evolutionary processes. The Apennine bear is highly inbred and harbors very low genomic variation. Several deleterious mutations have been accumulated by drift. We found evidence that this is a consequence of habitat fragmentation in the Neolithic, when human expansion and land clearance shrank its habitat, and that retention of variation at immune system and olfactory receptor genes as well as changes in diet and behavior prevented the extinction of the Apennine bear.
Reduction of solar photovoltaic resources due to air pollution in China
Authors: Li Xiaoyuan , Wagner Fabian , Peng Wei , Yang Junnan , Mauzerall Denise L. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Enormous growth in solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation in China is planned, with a goal to provide 10% of total electricity demand by 2030. However, over much of China, aerosol pollution scatters and absorbs sunlight, significantly reducing surface solar radiation suitable for PV electricity generation. We evaluate the impact of aerosols on PV generation and find aerosol-related annual average reductions in eastern China to be more than 20%. In winter, aerosols have comparable impacts to clouds over eastern provinces. Improving air quality in China would increase efficiency of solar PV generation. As a positive feedback, increased PV efficiency and deployment would further reduce air pollutant emissions as well.
Development of functional ectopic compound eyes in scarabaeid beetles by knockdown of
orthodenticle
Authors: Zattara Eduardo E. , Macagno Anna L. M. , Busey Hannah A. , Moczek Armin P. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
From both evolutionary and biomedical perspectives, ectopic organ development is a promising paradigm to investigate the emergence and integration of novel complex structures outside their normal biological context. However, the best known examples of ectopic organ induction require genetic techniques only available for a few model systems. Here, we report the ectopic induction of complex and functional organs, compound eyes, by down-regulation of a single transcription factor through RNAi, a technique known to work well across a broad taxonomic range. These results provide a remarkable example of the ability of developmental systems to channel massive perturbations toward orderly and functional outcomes and open the use of ectopic eyes as an accessible paradigm of ectopic organ development.