bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community trust reduces myopic decisions of low-income individuals
Authors: Jachimowicz Jon M. , Chafik Salah , Munrat Sabeth , Prabhu Jaideep C. , Weber Elke U. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
More than 1.5 billion people worldwide live in poverty. Even in the United States, 14% live below the poverty line. Despite many policies and programs, poverty remains a domestic and global challenge; the number of US households earning less than $2/d nearly doubled in the last 15 y. One reason why the poor remain poor is their tendency to make myopic decisions. With reduced temporal discounting, low-income individuals could invest more in forward-looking educational, financial, and social activities that could alleviate their impoverished situation. We show that increased community trust can decrease temporal discounting in low-income populations and test this mechanism in a 2-y field intervention in rural Bangladesh through a low-cost and scalable method that builds community trust.
Fillet Weight and Fillet Yield: New Metrics for the Management of Panfish and Other Consumption-Oriented Recreational Fisheries
Authors: Lyons John , Rypel Andrew L. , Hansen Jonathan F. , Rowe David C. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Proposals for regulations to improve panfish size structure often lack angler support, in part because of a perceived loss of panfish harvest. We propose that fillet weight and fillet yield, the percentage of the body weight available as fillets, are useful metrics for exploring regulation options and potential outcomes. We determined fillet weight and fillet yield for 321 Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, 139 Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, and 137 Yellow Perch Perca flavescens and developed equations to predict fillet weight from total length. Mean fillet yield was 29.5% for Bluegills, 28.6% for Black Crappies, and 33.1% for Yellow Perch. We used Bluegill size increases associated with a reduction in daily bag limits from 25 fish to 10 fish in seven Wisconsin lakes and then estimated fillet weights to compare the potential total weight of Bluegill fillets available to anglers under both a 10- and a 25-fish daily bag limit. We projected that many anglers might obtain a greater weight of Bluegill fillets per fishing trip under a 10-fish bag limit. We conclude that for consumption-oriented fisheries, fillet weight and fillet yield have value in demonstrating how more restrictive harvest regulations may sometimes lead to a greater weight of fillets for most anglers.
Received April 19, 2016; accepted February 10, 2017 Published online April 11, 2017
Sand training: Exercise‐induced muscle damage and inflammatory responses to matched‐intensity exercise
Authors: Brown Henry , Dawson Brian , Binnie Martyn J. , Pinnington Hugh , Sim Marc , Clemons Tristan D. , Peeling Peter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study compared markers of muscle damage and inflammation elevated by a matched‐intensity interval running session on soft sand and grass surfaces. In a counterbalanced, repeated‐measures and crossover design, 10 well‐trained female athletes completed 2 interval‐based running sessions 1 week apart on either a grass or a sand surface. Exercise heart rate (HR) was fixed at 83–88% of HR maximum. Venous blood samples were collected pre‐, post‐ and 24 h post‐exercise, and analysed for myoglobin (Mb) and C‐reactive protein (CRP). Perceptual ratings of exertion (RPE) and muscle soreness (DOMS) were recorded immediately post‐ and 24 h post‐exercise. A significant time effect showed that Mb increased from pre‐ to post‐exercise on grass (p = .008) but not on sand (p = .611). Furthermore, there was a greater relative increase in Mb on grass compared with that on sand (p = .026). No differences in CRP were reported between surfaces (p > .05). The HR, RPE and DOMS scores were not significantly different between conditions (p > .05). These results suggest that in response to a matched‐intensity exercise bout, markers of post‐exercise muscle damage may be reduced by running on softer ground surfaces. Such training strategy may be used to minimize musculoskeletal strain while still incurring an equivalent cardiovascular training stimulus.
A Comparison of Fish Community Structure at Mesophotic Artificial Reefs and Natural Banks in the Western Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Streich Matthew K. , Ajemian Matthew J. , Wetz Jennifer J. , Stunz Gregory W. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Oil and gas platforms along the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) shelf have served as artificial reefs since oil and gas exploration intensified in the 1950s. As these structures are decommissioned, they must be removed; however, some are converted to permanent artificial reefs. Despite the potential effects these artificial habitats may have on marine fisheries, investigations that assess the fish communities inhabiting these structures relative to natural habitats are rare. During fall 2012, we used remotely operated vehicle surveys to compare fish communities between artificial reefs (i.e., reefed platforms; n = 5) and adjacent natural banks (n = 5) in the western GOM. Our surveys successfully documented 79 species representing 28 families. Multivariate analyses suggested that fish communities at artificial reefs were distinct from those at natural banks. Post hoc analyses indicated that the differences were driven by high abundances of transient, midwater pelagics and other gregarious species at artificial reefs. Many fisheries species, like the Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus, were found in both habitat types, with density at artificial reefs estimated to be nearly eight times greater than at natural banks. Despite lower densities at natural banks, the disproportionately large areas of these habitats resulted in relatively high total abundance estimates—approximately 5% of the 2012 GOM Red Snapper annual catch limit (3.67 million kg [8.08 million lb])—a finding that has significant implications for Red Snapper and artificial reef management in the GOM. Our study suggests that although fish community structure may differ between these two habitats, artificial reefs serve as important habitat for species like Red Snapper by potentially diverting fishing pressure from natural habitats; however, future studies that address species-specific life history traits will be needed to better understand the function and performance of artificial reefs in supporting fisheries productivity.
SVMQA: support–vector-machine-based protein single-model quality assessment
Authors: Manavalan Balachandran , Lee Jooyoung 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Motivation
The accurate ranking of predicted structural models and selecting the best model from a given candidate pool remain as open problems in the field of structural bioinformatics. The quality assessment (QA) methods used to address these problems can be grouped into two categories: consensus methods and single-model methods. Consensus methods in general perform better and attain higher correlation between predicted and true quality measures. However, these methods frequently fail to generate proper quality scores for native-like structures which are distinct from the rest of the pool. Conversely, single-model methods do not suffer from this drawback and are better suited for real-life applications where many models from various sources may not be readily available.

Results
In this study, we developed a support-vector-machine-based single-model global quality assessment (SVMQA) method. For a given protein model, the SVMQA method predicts TM-score and GDT_TS score based on a feature vector containing statistical potential energy terms and consistency-based terms between the actual structural features (extracted from the three-dimensional coordinates) and predicted values (from primary sequence). We trained SVMQA using CASP8, CASP9 and CASP10 targets and determined the machine parameters by 10-fold cross-validation. We evaluated the performance of our SVMQA method on various benchmarking datasets. Results show that SVMQA outperformed the existing best single-model QA methods both in ranking provided protein models and in selecting the best model from the pool. According to the CASP12 assessment, SVMQA was the best method in selecting good-quality models from decoys in terms of GDTloss.

Availability and implementation
SVMQA method can be freely downloaded from http://lee.kias.re.kr/SVMQA/SVMQA_eval.tar.gz.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
γ-Ray emission from Arp 220: indications of an active galactic nucleus
Authors: Yoast-Hull Tova M. , Gallagher John S. , Aalto Susanne , Varenius Eskil 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Extragalactic cosmic ray populations are important diagnostic tools for tracking the distribution of energy in nuclei and for distinguishing between activity powered by star formation versus active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Here, we compare different diagnostics of the cosmic ray populations of the nuclei of Arp 220 based on radio synchrotron observations and the recent γ-ray detection. We find the γ-ray and radio emission to be incompatible; a joint solution requires at minimum a factor of 4–8 times more energy coming from supernovae and a factor of 40–70 more mass in molecular gas than that is observed. We conclude that this excess of the γ-ray flux in comparison to all other diagnostics of star-forming activity indicates that there is an AGN present that is providing the extra cosmic rays, likely in the western nucleus.
Serologic Screening for Genital Herpes: An Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Feltner Cynthia , Grodensky Catherine , Ebel Charles , Middleton Jennifer C. , Harris Russell P. , Ashok Mahima , Jonas Daniel E. 
Published: April 2017

(Abstracted from JAMA 2016;316(23):2531–2543)
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause genital herpes infection, and there are 2 subtypes of the virus: HSV-1 and HSV-2. The infection is transmitted sexually, and infected patients may or may not experience symptoms.
Survival Implications of Time to Surgical Treatment of Endometrial Cancers
Authors: Shalowitz David I. , Epstein Andrew J. , Buckingham Lindsey , Ko Emily M. , Giuntoli Robert L. 
Published: April 2017

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;216:268.e1–268.e18)
For optimal care, women with endometrial cancers diagnosed by obstetrician-gynecologists or other clinicians are often transferred to treating physicians (eg, gynecologic oncologists). Overall survival for many cancers is worsened by delay between diagnosis and surgical treatment.
Impact of Patient Affect on Physician Estimate of Probability of Serious Illness and Test Ordering
Authors: Kline Jeffrey A. , Neumann Dawn , Raad Samih , Schriger David L. , Hall Cassandra L. , Capito Jake , Kammer David 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The authors hypothesize patient facial affect may influence clinician pretest probability (PTP) estimate of cardiopulmonary emergency (CPE) and desire to order a computerized tomographic pulmonary angiogram (CTPA).

Method
This prospective study was conducted at three Indiana University–affiliated hospitals in two parts: collecting videos of patients undergoing CTPA for suspected acute pulmonary embolism watching a humorous video (August 2014–April 2015) and presenting the medical histories and videos to clinicians to determine the impact of patient facial affect on physicians’ PTP estimate of CPE and desire to order a CTPA (June–November 2015). Patient outcomes were adjudicated as CPE+ or CPE− by three independent reviewers. Physicians completed a standardized test of facial affect recognition, read standardized medical histories, then viewed videos of the patients’ faces. Clinicians marked their PTP estimate of CPE and desire for a CTPA before and after seeing the video on a visual analog scale (VAS).

Results
Fifty physicians completed all 73 videos. Seeing the patient’s face produced a > 10% absolute change in PTP estimate of CPE in 1,204/3,650 (33%) cases and desire for a CTPA in 1,095/3,650 (30%) cases. The mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for CPE estimate was 0.55 ± 0.15, and the change in CPE VAS was negatively correlated with physicians’ standardized test scores (r = −0.23).

Conclusions
Clinicians may use patients’ faces to make clinically important inferences about presence of serious illness and need for diagnostic testing. However, these inferences may fail to align with actual patient outcomes.
Survivorship After High-Energy Geriatric Trauma
Authors: Gitajn Ida L. , Castillo Renan , Breazeale Stephen , Schoonover Carrie , Berger Peter , Huang Yanjie , O'Hara Nathan , O'Toole Robert V. , Sciadini Marcus F. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
To evaluate in-hospital, 1-year, and 5-year survivorship of geriatric patients after high-energy trauma, to compare survivorship of geriatric patients who sustained high-energy trauma with that of those who sustained low-energy trauma, and to identify predictors for mortality.

Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
Urban Level I trauma center.

Patients:
Study group of 1849 patients with high-energy trauma and comparison group of 761 patients with low-energy trauma.

Intervention:
Each patient was observed from the time of index admission through the end of the study period or until death or readmission.

Main Outcome Measurement:
Long-term survivorship based on the Social Security Death Index.

Results:
Survivorship between patients with high-energy and low-energy injuries was statistically significant. Among patients who sustained high-energy injuries, in-hospital mortality was 8%, 1-year mortality was 15%, and 5-year mortality was 25%. Among patients who sustained low-energy injuries, in-hospital mortality was 3%, 1-year mortality was 23%, and 5-year mortality was 40%. Low-energy mechanism of injury was an independent predictor for 1-year and 5-year mortality, even when controlling for Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Injury Severity Score (ISS), age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score.

Conclusions:
Geriatric patients with high-energy injuries and those with low-energy injuries seem to represent different patient populations, and low-energy mechanism seems to be a marker for frailty. High-energy mechanism was associated with lower long-term mortality rates, even when controlling for CCI, ISS, age, sex, BMI and admission GCS score.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Validation of Intensive Care and Mechanical Ventilation Codes in Medicare Data*
Authors: Wunsch Hannah , Kramer Andrew , Gershengorn Hayley B. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
To assess the reliability of codes relevant to critically ill patients in administrative data.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study linking data from Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Outcomes, a clinical database of ICU patients with data from Medicare Provider Analysis and Review. We linked data based on matching for sex, date of birth, hospital, and date of admission to hospital.

Setting:
Forty-six hospitals in the United States participating in Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Outcomes.

Patients:
All patients in Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Outcomes greater than or equal to 65 years old who could be linked with hospitalization records in Medicare Provider Analysis and Review from January 1, 2009, through September 30, 2012.

Measurements and Main Results:
Of 62,451 patients in the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Outcomes dataset, 80.1% were matched with data in Medicare Provider Analysis and Review. All but 2.7% of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Outcomes ICU patients had either an ICU or coronary care unit charge in Medicare Provider Analysis and Review. In Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Outcomes, 37.0% received mechanical ventilation during the ICU stay versus 24.1% in Medicare Provider Analysis and Review. The Medicare Provider Analysis and Review procedure codes for mechanical ventilation had high specificity (96.0%; 95% CI, 95.8–96.2), but only moderate sensitivity (58.4%; 95% CI, 57.7–59.1), with a positive predictive value of 89.6% (95% CI, 89.1–90.1) and negative predictive value of 79.7% (95% CI, 79.4–80.1). For patients with mechanical ventilation codes, Medicare Provider Analysis and Review overestimated the percentage with a duration greater than 96 hours (36.6% vs 27.3% in Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Outcomes). There was discordance in the hospital discharge status (alive or dead) for only 0.47% of all linked records (κ = 1.00).

Conclusions:
Medicare Provider Analysis and Review data contain robust information on hospital mortality for patients admitted to the ICU but have limited ability to identify all patients who received mechanical ventilation during a critical illness. Estimates of use of mechanical ventilation in the United States should likely be revised upward.
Multistep Approach for Improved Aesthetic and Functional Outcomes for Lower Extremity Wound Closure After Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Authors: Kiwanuka Elizabeth , Cruz Antonio P. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND
Lower extremity wounds present a major clinical challenge.

OBJECTIVE
This paper introduces a new multistep approach for improved aesthetic and functional outcome for lower extremity wound closure after Mohs micrographic surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
In this prospective case series, 12 consecutive patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery for cutaneous malignancies of the lower extremities underwent closure assisted by elastic bandages, proper positioning with 45° flexion of the knee, buried vertical mattress sutures, and careful eversion, using a premium angled stapler. Assessment of cosmetic outcome was performed by 2 blinded observers, using the Hollander Wound Evaluation Scale.

RESULTS
The mean age was 73 ± 9 years with most patients having at least one comorbidity. Six patients (50%) underwent resection of a basal cell carcinoma and 5 patients (42%) underwent resection of a squamous cell carcinoma and 1 patient (8%) underwent resection of a keratoacanthomatous carcinoma. There were no wound complications, and at the 3- to 6-month follow-up, 11 of the 12 wounds (92%) had an optimal Hollander Wound Evaluation Scale score of 6.

CONCLUSION
This new approach to lower extremity wounds provides excellent cosmetic outcome with no reported complications.
RESIDUAL INTRARETINAL EDEMA AFTER 25-GAUGE VITRECTOMY AND MACULAR PUCKER REMOVAL
Authors: Guidi Gianluca , Casini Giamberto , Ripandelli Guido , Piaggi Paolo , Dalle Lucche Flavio , Sartini Mariasole , Loiudice Pasquale , Nasini Francesco , Stirpe Mario , Lazzeri Stefano 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:
To investigate the efficacy and safety of intraoperative slow-release dexamethasone implant and 25-gauge (G) vitrectomy plus epiretinal membrane removal in patients affected by idiopathic macular pucker.

Methods:
In this randomized, clinical, multicenter study, 60 eyes of 60 pseudophakic eyes having idiopathic macular pucker were enrolled. Thirty eyes underwent 25-G pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling (“Control group”), whereas 30 eyes underwent 25-G pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling combined with dexamethasone implant (“DEX group”). Best-corrected visual acuity was investigated using Snellen visual acuity ratio. Anatomical outcomes (foveal thickness and total macular volume) were analyzed with spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Results:
After 6-month follow-up, best-corrected visual acuity significantly increased in each group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between groups (P = 0.60). Foveal thickness showed a significant decrease in both groups (P < 0.05), but no differences were seen between groups (P = 0.80). Finally, also total macular volume decreased significantly in both groups at the last follow-up visit (P < 0.05), but both groups a showed similar trend (P = 0.12).

Conclusions:
Intraoperative sustained-release dexamethasone implant, a powerful antiinflammatory agent with significant efficacy in vitrectomized eyes, did not result in a significant change in macular thickness and volume compared with the vitrectomy alone without dexamethasone implant at 6-month follow-up. These data support the hypothesis that its etiology does not seem to be mainly related to an inflammatory process.
MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF MOSAIC RETINOPATHY IN CARRIERS OF HEREDITARY X-LINKED RECESSIVE DISEASES
Authors: Wu An-Lun , Wang Jung-Pan , Tseng Yun-Ju , Liu Laura , Kang Yu-Chuan , Chen Kuan-Jen , Chao An-Ning , Yeh Lung-Kun , Chen Tun-Lu , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Wu Wei-Chi , Lai Chi-Chun , Wang Nan-Kai 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:
To investigate the clinical features in carriers of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa, X-linked ocular albinism, and choroideremia (CHM) using multimodal imaging and to assess their diagnostic value in these three mosaic retinopathies.

Methods:
We prospectively examined 14 carriers of 3 X-linked recessive disorders (X-linked retinitis pigmentosa, X-linked ocular albinism, and CHM). Details of abnormalities of retinal morphology were evaluated using fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Results:
In six X-linked retinitis pigmentosa carriers, fundus appearance varied from unremarkable to the presence of tapetal-like reflex and pigmentary changes. On FAF imaging, all carriers exhibited a bright radial reflex against a dark background. By spectral domain optical coherence tomography, loss of the ellipsoid zone in the macula was observed in 3 carriers (50%). Regarding the retinal laminar architecture, 4 carriers (66.7%) showed thinning of the outer nuclear layer and a dentate appearance of the outer plexiform layer. All five X-linked ocular albinism carriers showed a characteristic mud-splatter patterned fundus, dark radial streaks against a bright background on FAF imaging, and a normal-appearing retinal structure by spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging. Two of the 3 CHM carriers (66.7%) showed a diffuse moth-eaten appearance of the fundus, and all 3 showed irregular hyper-FAF and hypo-FAF spots throughout the affected area. In the CHM carriers, the structural changes observed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging were variable.

Conclusion:
Our findings in an Asian cohort suggest that FAF imaging is a practical diagnostic test for differentiating X-linked retinitis pigmentosa, X-linked ocular albinism, and CHM carriers. Wide-field FAF is an easy and helpful adjunct to testing for the correct diagnosis and identification of lyonization in carriers of these three mosaic retinopathies.