bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stream-Dataflow Acceleration
Authors: Nowatzki Tony , Gangadhar Vinay , Ardalani Newsha , Sankaralingam Karthikeyan 
Published: September 2017

Demand for low-power data processing hardware continues to rise inexorably. Existing programmable and "general purpose" solutions (eg. SIMD, GPGPUs) are insufficient, as evidenced by the order-of-magnitude improvements and industry adoption of application and domain-specific accelerators in important areas like machine learning, computer vision and big data. The stark tradeoffs between efficiency and generality at these two extremes poses a difficult question: how could domain-specific hardware efficiency be achieved without domain-specific hardware solutions?
In this work, we rely on the insight that "acceleratable" algorithms have broad common properties: high computational intensity with long phases, simple control patterns and dependences, and simple streaming memory access and reuse patterns. We define a general architecture (a hardware-software interface) which can more efficiently expresses program with these properties called stream-dataflow. The dataflow component of this architecture enables high concurrency, and the stream component enables communication and coordination at very-low power and area overhead. This paper explores the hardware and software implications, describes its detailed microarchitecture, and evaluates an implementation. Compared to a state-of-the-art domain specific accelerator (DianNao), and fixed-function accelerators for MachSuite, Softbrain can match their performance with only 2x power overhead on average.
Plasticine
Authors: Prabhakar Raghu , Zhang Yaqi , Koeplinger David , Feldman Matt , Zhao Tian , Hadjis Stefan , Pedram Ardavan , Kozyrakis Christos , Olukotun Kunle 
Published: September 2017

Reconfigurable architectures have gained popularity in recent years as they allow the design of energy-efficient accelerators. Fine-grain fabrics (e.g. FPGAs) have traditionally suffered from performance and power inefficiencies due to bit-level reconfigurable abstractions. Both fine-grain and coarse-grain architectures (e.g. CGRAs) traditionally require low level programming and suffer from long compilation times. We address both challenges with Plasticine, a new spatially reconfigurable architecture designed to efficiently execute applications composed of parallel patterns. Parallel patterns have emerged from recent research on parallel programming as powerful, high-level abstractions that can elegantly capture data locality, memory access patterns, and parallelism across a wide range of dense and sparse applications.
We motivate Plasticine by first observing key application characteristics captured by parallel patterns that are amenable to hardware acceleration, such as hierarchical parallelism, data locality, memory access patterns, and control flow. Based on these observations, we architect Plasticine as a collection of Pattern Compute Units and Pattern Memory Units. Pattern Compute Units are multi-stage pipelines of reconfigurable SIMD functional units that can efficiently execute nested patterns. Data locality is exploited in Pattern Memory Units using banked scratchpad memories and configurable address decoders. Multiple on-chip address generators and scatter-gather engines make efficient use of DRAM bandwidth by supporting a large number of outstanding memory requests, memory coalescing, and burst mode for dense accesses. Plasticine has an area footprint of 113 mm2 in a 28nm process, and consumes a maximum power of 49 W at a 1 GHz clock. Using a cycle-accurate simulator, we demonstrate that Plasticine provides an improvement of up to 76.9x in performance-per-Watt over a conventional FPGA over a wide range of dense and sparse applications.
Phylogenetic relationships, taxonomic revision and new taxa of Termitomyces (Lyophyllaceae, Basidiomycota) inferred from combined nLSU- and mtSSU-rDNA sequences
Authors: MOSSEBO D.C. , ESSOUMAN E.P.F. , MACHOUART M.C. , GUEIDAN C. 
Published: September 2017

In order to contribute to the taxonomic revision of several species of Termitomyces, sequences of 74 strains representing 28 taxa were used to generate a combined nLSU-mtSSU phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic analysis showed that re-classification was required for 12 taxa originally misidentified under various names. The changes led to the use of 8 valid names for these 12 taxa, including two new forms: T. striatus f. subclypeatus and T. medius f. ochraceus; and a new combination: Termitomyces brunneopileatus according to their placement on various clades and subclades in the phylogenetic trees. Termitomyces letestui and T. medius were taxonomically revised. In addition, T. letestui collected from China is the first record from the Asian continent. This species was so far collected only in tropical Africa. Similarly, T. robustus is reported for the first time from Cameroon. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis confirms T. subumkowaan as a new species that was originally described only on the basis of morphological features. The combined phylogenetic analysis and morphological features reveal that different strains of the same taxon show sometimes large variations in macro- and micromorphological features, some very likely with links to genetic factors other than genes sequenced here, thereby justifying the new forms erected within these taxa in order to facilitate their identification.
Opportunities for Joint Water–Energy Management: Sensitivity of the 2010 Western U.S. Electricity Grid Operations to Climate Oscillations
Authors: Voisin N. , Kintner-Meyer M. , Wu D. , Skaggs R. , Fu T. , Zhou T. , Nguyen T. , Kraucunas I. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The increasing interconnectedness of energy and water systems makes it important to understand how interannual variations in water availability—and climate oscillations—could potentially impact the electric grid operations. The authors assess the vulnerability of the current western U.S. grid to historical climate variability using multiple energy and water system models. A 55-yr-long natural water availability benchmark is combined with the 2010 level of water demand from an integrated assessment model to drive a large-scale water management model over the western United States. The regulated flow at hydropower and thermoelectric power plants is then translated into boundary conditions for electricity generation in a production cost model. This analysis focuses on assessing regional interdependencies and the impact of interannual changes in water availability on power system operations, including reliability, cost, and carbon emissions. Results for August grid operations—when stress on the grid is often highest—show a range of sensitivity in production cost (–8% to +11%) and carbon emissions (–7% to +11%), as well as a 1-in-10 chance that electricity demand will exceed estimated supply. The authors also show that operating costs are lower under neutral El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions than under other ENSO phases; carbon emissions are highest under La Niña conditions, especially in California; and the risk of brownouts may be higher under neutral and negative ENSO conditions. These results help characterize the grid’s performance under historical climate variations, are useful for seasonal and multiyear planning of joint water–electricity management, and can be used to support impact, adaptation, and vulnerability analyses.
The South Carolina Flood of October 2015: Moisture Transport Analysis and the Role of Hurricane Joaquin
Authors: Marciano Christopher G. , Lackmann Gary M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Record-setting rainfall occurred over the state of South Carolina in early October 2015, with maximum accumulations exceeding 500 mm. During the heavy rainfall, Hurricane Joaquin was located offshore to the southeast of the flooding event. Prior research, storm summaries, satellite imagery, and media accounts suggest that Joaquin played a major role in the flooding, mostly through the provision of additional water vapor. Here, numerical simulations are utilized to elucidate Joaquin’s role in the flooding and to diagnose moisture transport mechanisms. The South Carolina precipitation event and the track of Hurricane Joaquin are reasonably represented by two control simulations, a 36-km simulation without nesting and another with 12- and 4-km nests added; the latter improves upon a negative intensity bias for Joaquin. A band of intense moisture transport into the flooding region is associated with a narrow, diabatically produced cyclonic lower-tropospheric potential vorticity (PV) maximum. Simulations in which Joaquin is removed exhibit a similar moisture transport mechanism and also produce a band of heavy precipitation, though the axis of heaviest precipitation shifts northward into North Carolina, and there is a modest reduction (~7%) in area-averaged rainfall. Removing Joaquin produces negligible changes in regional total water vapor content but diminished upper-tropospheric diabatic outflow. The diminished outflow allows greater eastward progression of an upper-level trough, consistent with the northward precipitation shift and with weaker forcing for ascent. Changes in the upper jet associated with Joaquin appear to exert a greater influence on the flooding event than Joaquin’s contribution to water vapor content.
A case of worsening pulmonary arterial hypertension and pleural effusions by bosutinib after prior treatment with dasatinib
Authors: Seegobin Karan , Babbar Amit , Ferreira Jason , Lyons Brittany , Cury James , Seeram Vandana 
Published: September 2017

A 52‐year‐old man with a past medical history of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in remission developed progressive shortness of breath over a two‐month period. He was initially treated with dasatinib for four years, until developing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with pleural effusions. His symptoms improved after stopping dasatinib. He was then switched to bosutinib for approximately one year, which was then stopped before admission due to worsening shortness of breath. His initial workup showed bilateral pleural effusions with severe PAH and cor pulmonale. He had symptomatic improvement with PAH‐specific therapy following discontinuation of the bosutinib.The life expectancy of CML patients has increased in the era of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and managing adverse events (AEs) of the TKIs and improving quality of life are becoming more important.Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pleural effusions are rarely reported AEs of bosutinib. More reports with PH and pleural effusions arising after bosutinib use in patients previously treated with dasatinib is furthermore concerning. In this era with novel chemotherapeutic agents, physicians ought to be weary of the significant morbidity implicated by these agents in the lives of patients.
Predictors of Hip Pain and Function in Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Prospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Westermann Robert W. , Lynch T. Sean , Jones Morgan H. , Spindler Kurt P. , Messner William , Strnad Greg , Rosneck James 
Published: September 2017

Background: Validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of hip pain and function at the time of arthroscopy could be predictors of the final outcome. Little is known about how patient factors or pathologic intra-articular findings relate to hip pain or function at the time of surgery for those presenting with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Purpose: To evaluate all patient and operative factors that contribute to hip pain and dysfunction in patients with FAI. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A prospective cohort of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAI were electronically enrolled between February 2015 and September 2016. Baseline PROMs were collected, including Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) for pain, HOOS–Physical Function Shortform (HOOS-PS), Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12), and University of California–Los Angeles (UCLA) Activity Score. Surgeons documented intra-articular operative findings and treatment. Multivariable linear regression models were created for continuous scores of HOOS pain, HOOS-PS, and VR-12 Physical Component Score as outcome measures. Risk factors included patient characteristics and intraoperative anatomic and pathologic findings. Results: During the study period, 396 patients underwent arthroscopic hip procedures, and 373 (94%) completed preoperative PROMs; 331 patients were undergoing arthroscopic surgery for FAI. The mean patient age was 32.91 ± 12.49 years, mean body mass index was 26.22 ± 4.92 kg/m2, and 71% were female. Multivariate analyses demonstrated female sex, lower education levels, smoking, lower mental health scores, and lower activity-level scores predicted HOOS pain preoperatively. According to multivariate analysis, patient factors associated with worse baseline HOOS-PS include smoking, additional years of education, lower mental health, and activity scores. Lower baseline VR-12 functional scores were predicted by female sex, elevated body mass index, smoking, and lower activity levels. For all baseline PROMs, there was no instance where an arthroscopic variable or pathologic finding proved statistically significant after the important patient covariates were controlled for. Conclusion: Patient factors, including mental health, activity level, sex, and smoking, are more predictive of baseline hip pain (as measured by HOOS) and function than are intra-articular findings (eg, status of the labrum or articular cartilage) during hip arthroscopy for FAI. Future studies evaluating patient outcomes after surgery for FAI should consider adjusting for these identified patient factors to accurately interpret the effect of treatment on patient-reported outcomes after surgery.
Phylogeny and evolution of achenial trichomes in theLucilia‐group (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) and their systematic significance
Authors: Luebert Federico , Moreira-Muñoz Andrés , Wilke Katharina , Dillon Michael O. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) are a cosmopolitan tribe with around 185 genera and 2000 species. The New World is one of the centers of diversity of the tribe with 24 genera and over 100 species, most of which form a clade called theLucilia‐group with 21 genera. However, the generic classification of theLucilia‐group has been controversial with no agreement on delimitation or circumscription of genera. Especially controversial has been the taxonomic value of achenial trichomes and molecular studies have shown equivocal results so far. The major aims of this paper are to provide a nearly complete phylogeny of theLucilia‐group at generic level and to discuss the evolutionary trends and taxonomic significance of achenial trichome morphology. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the New World Gnaphalieae with nrDNA (ETS, ITS) sequence data from a sampling of 18 genera of theLucilia‐group and utilized these results to examine morphological evolution of achenial trichome types and presence of apical myxogenic cells. Seven well‐supported subclades can be recognized within theLucilia‐group (L1–L7). These results support Brazilian and AndeanBerroa,Facelis,Lucilia, andMicropsisforming a clade (L1), the inclusion of ChileanLuciliaunderBelloa(L2), the monophyly ofStuckertiella+Gamochaeta+Gamochaetopsis(L3),Chevreulia+Cuatrecasasiella(L4) andAntennaria(L5) excludingAntennaria linearifolia, which is resolved in a monophyletic group together withJalcophila,LoricariaandMniodes(L6), and the recognition ofGnaphaliothamnus(L7) removed from Brazilian taxa ofChionolaena(L2). Ancestral character state reconstruction of achenial trichome morphology suggests that clades are homogeneous in terms of trichome type, but with exceptions that make it highly homoplastic. Conversely, our results suggest that the presence of myxogenic apical cells is less homoplastic and that closely related species tend to resemble each other more than expected under random variation.
Workload Equity in Vehicle Routing Problems: A Survey and Analysis
Authors: Matl P. , Hartl R. F. , Vidal T. 
Published: September 2017

Over the past two decades, equity aspects have been considered in a growing number of models and methods for vehicle routing problems (VRPs). Equity concerns most often relate to fairly allocating workloads and to balancing the utilization of resources, and many practical applications have been reported in the literature. However, there has been only limited discussion about how workload equity should be modeled in the context of VRPs, and various measures for optimizing such objectives have been proposed and implemented without a critical evaluation of their respective merits and consequences. This article addresses this gap by providing an analysis of classical and alternative equity functions for biobjective VRP models. In our survey, we review and categorize the existing literature on equitable VRPs. In the analysis, we identify a set of axiomatic properties that an ideal equity measure should satisfy, collect six common measures of equity, and point out important connections between their properties and the properties of the resulting Pareto-optimal solutions. To gauge the extent of these implications, we also conduct a numerical study on small biobjective VRP instances solvable to optimality. Our study reveals two undesirable consequences when optimizing equity with nonmonotonic functions: Pareto-optimal solutions can consist of non-TSP-optimal tours, and even if all tours are TSP optimal, Pareto-optimal solutions can be workload inconsistent, i.e., composed of tours whose workloads are all equal to or longer than those of other Pareto-optimal solutions. We show that the extent of these phenomena should not be underestimated. The results of our biobjective analysis remain valid also for weighted sum, constraint-based, or single-objective models. Based on this analysis, we conclude that monotonic equity functions are more appropriate for certain types of VRP models, and suggest promising avenues for further research on equity in logistics. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0744 .
Short-term surgical outcomes and patient quality of life between robotic and laparoscopic extralevator abdominoperineal excision for adenocarcinoma of the rectum
Authors: Kamali D , Reddy A , Imam S , Omar K , Jha A , Jha M 
Published: September 2017

Introduction Some studies advocate a laparoscopic extralevator abdominoperineal excision (l-ELAPE) approach for low rectal cancer. The da Vinci™ robot (r-ELAPE) technique has potential to overcome some limitations of l-ELAPE, such as reduction of the learning curve and more precise tissue handling. It is unknown whether this approach results in improved surgical or quality of life outcomes compared with l-ELAPE. This study aimed to address this issue. Methods Consecutive patients having undergone either robotic or laparoscopic ELAPE for adenocarcinoma were studied. All operations were performed by two surgeons experienced in laparoscopic and recently introduced robotic surgery. Surgical outcomes were determined by postoperative histology and short-term complications. Quality of life was prospectively assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLC-CR30 and QLC-CR29 questionnaires. Results A total of 22 patients (11 r-ELAPE) with a median follow-up of 13 months (8 months robotic; 22 months laparoscopic) were studied. The groups were similarly matched for age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists status, preoperative chemoradiotherapy and tumour height. All had R0 resection. There was no significant difference in short-term surgical outcomes between groups. There was no significant difference in mean global health scores between the two groups (74 ± 14 r-ELAPE vs. 73 ± 10 l-ELAPE). The r-ELAPE group had a lower mean impotence score compared with the I-ELAPE group (55.5 ± 40 vs. 72.2 ± 44), although this was not statistically significant. Conclusions The newly introduced r-ELAPE was non-inferior to l-ELAPE in either patient quality of life or surgical outcomes. Robotic surgery could be particularly beneficial in the technically challenging area of low rectal cancer surgery with a shorter learning curve than laparoscopy.
Intramuscular compared with subcutaneous transposition for surgery in cubital tunnel syndrome
Authors: Emamhadi MR , Emamhadi AR , Andalib S 
Published: September 2017

Background There is no consensus on the most effective surgical technique in the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome. Anterior subcutaneous transposition (AST) and anterior intramuscular transposition (AIT) are common surgical treatments in this regard. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of these two surgeries for cubital tunnel syndrome. Methods In a retrospective study, we compared surgical outcomes (pain, sensation, motor recovery, atrophy, and total satisfaction) in 40 patients undergoing AIT and 43 undergoing AST of the ulnar nerve. Results The patients undergoing AIT showed a significant improvement in all the outcomes after the surgery (P = 0); however, those undergoing AST only experienced an improvement in pain and sensation after the surgery (P = 0). Comparing the two surgeries, we found that there was a high total satisfaction with AIT compared with AST (P = 0). When we independently compared each outcome in the two groups, we found that the muscle force recovery was significantly improved in the AIT group compared with the AST group (P = 0). Conclusions AIT is preferable to AST for the surgical treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome. In particular, AIT achieves a better motor recovery of the ulnar nerve compared with AST.
The management of pretibial lacerations
Authors: Singh P , Khatib M , Elfaki A , Hachach-Haram N , Singh E , Wallace D 
Published: September 2017

Introduction Pretibial lacerations are common injuries, often presenting in the elderly and infirm. Unclear management pathways often result in inappropriate care. We identify patient demographics, morbidity risk factors, injury severity and management options. Materials and methods This retrospective study involved analysing databases and hardcopy notes for patients admitted with pretibial lacerations to Addenbrooke’s Hospital, January to December 2012. Microsoft Excel and Fishers exact test were used to analyse the data with a P-value of less than 0.05 representative of statistical significance. Information on patient demographics, site of lesion, preoperative symptoms, management, operative details and clinical outcomes were collected. Results A total of 36 patients were identified; the mean age was 79 years (± 16 years, 1 standard deviation) with a three to two female to male preponderance; 57% of injuries were caused by mechanical fall, 33% traumatic blunt impact and 7% road traffic accidents. American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification was 43% level III, 40% II, 9% I and 9% IV. Dunkin classification of severity was 33% grade III, 30% grade I, 24% grade IV and 12% grade II. Median inpatient duration was 11 days for surgically managed compared with 15 days for conservatively managed patients. Discussion Pretibial lacerations tend to affect the elderly. Management is compounded by polypharmacy and comorbidities. If inadequately managed, such injuries can adopt characteristics of chronic wounds, with lengthy inpatient stays. Surgical intervention may be appropriate where injuries are severe and the patient stable enough for theatre. Conclusions We believe that surgical management with autologous tissue repair, with minimal delay between presentation and theatre, is warranted for extensive injuries wherever possible, with conservative management used for predominantly less extensive pretibial lacerations.