bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spleen contributes to restraint stress induced changes in blood leukocytes distribution
Authors: Jiang Wei , Li Yu , Sun Jin , Li Liang , Li Jiang-wei , Zhang Chen , Huang Chen , Yang Jun , Kong Guang-yao , Li Zong-fang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPsychological stress has great impacts on the immune system, particularly the leukocytes distribution. Although the impacts of acute stress on blood leukocytes distribution are well studied, however, it remains unclear how chronic stress affects leukocytes distribution in peripheral circulation. Furthermore, there is no report about the role of spleen in the blood leukocytes distribution induced by stress. Here we show that spleen contributes to the alteration of restraint stress induced blood leukocytes distribution. Our data confirmed that restraint stress induced anxiety-like behavior in mice. Furthermore, we found that restraint stress decreased the CD4/CD8 ratio and elevated the percentages of natural killer cells, monocytes and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell. We demonstrated that activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) contributes to restraint stress induced alteration of blood leukocyte distribution. Interestingly, we found that splenectomy could reverse the change of CD4/CD8 ratio induced by restraint stress. Together, our findings suggest that activation of HPA axis and SNS was responsible for the blood leukocyte subsets changes induced by restraint stress. Spleen, at least in part, contributed to the alteration in peripheral circulation induced by restraint stress.
Epidemiology and characterization of avian infectious bronchitis virus strains circulating in southern China during the period from 2013–2015
Authors: Feng Keyu , Wang Feng , Xue Yu , Zhou Qingfeng , Chen Feng , Bi Yingzuo , Xie Qingmei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTwo hundred and six strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were isolated from chickens showing signs of disease in southern China during the period from 2013–2015. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences from the isolated field strains were compared to 42 published references. Nucleotide homologies ranged from 63.1–99.9% and amino acid homologies ranging from 60.2–100%. At least seven IBV genotypes were co-circulating in commercial chicken farms in southern China. The IBV isolates were genetically diverse and underwent continuing evolution. The QX-type, TW I-type, and 4/91-type were the most common genotypes during the three-year observation period and accounted for 88.8% of the isolated strains. Notably, the prevalence of the TW I-type strains has been increasing in recent years and has become the most common genotype in China. The emergence of variant IBV strains can be attributed to recombination. Serologic analysis and antigenic 3D cartography of 4 reference and 14 field isolated strains indicated the surveyed IBVs had diverse serology types and that the serotype of the isolated QX-type and TW I-type strains was distinct from the vaccines strains. Therefore, long-term continuing surveillance is necessary for IBV prevention and control.
Comprehensive molecular analysis of arginase-encoding genes in common wheat and its progenitor species
Authors: She Maoyun , Wang Jing , Wang Xinmin , Yin Guixiang , Wang Ke , Du Lipu , Ye Xingguo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractArginase (ARG) contributes to nitrogen remobilization by conversion of arginine to ornithine and urea. However, wheat ARG genes have not yet been identified. Here we isolated and characterized ARG genes from wheat and its progenitor species and found that a single copy was present in wheat progenitors. Three common wheat ARG genes of TaARG-2AS, TaARG-2BS, and TaARG-2DS were experimentally assigned to the short arms of the group 2 chromosomes. We found an in-frame stop codon in TaARG-2AS, but not in the other two genes. The highest expression was detected in stems and sheaths for TaARG-2BS and in leaves for TaARG-2DS. Both genes have similar expression trend in different developmental stages, peaking at booting and grain filling stages. TaARG-2BS transcript was induced by high salinity and drought, whereas TaARG-2DS was induced by drought only, but neither of them were induced by low temperature. In addition, both genes showed analogous expression pattern upon powdery mildew (PM) infection in the resistant line Pm97033, with TaARG-2BS induced greatly at 72 h post PM infection. In contrast, no obvious transcripts were accumulated for TaARG-2DS in the PM susceptible line Wan7107. Monocot ARGs have more conserved mitochondrion-targeting signals and are more evolutionarily conserved than dicot ARGs.
Sports and Recreational Activities following Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Usuelli Federico , Pantalone Andrea , Maccario Camilla , Guelfi Matteo , Salini Vincenzo 
Published: July 2017

Purpose In literature, there is a controversy regarding whether patients who have undergone total ankle replacement (TAR) can participate in sports and recreational activities. The purpose of this study was to report change in sports activity level after TAR.
Methods A retrospective study was performed, enrolling 76 patients with symptomatic end-stage ankle arthritis who underwent TAR from May 2011 to October 2014. Patients were mainly males (44/76; 58%) and 56 years old on average (range: 22.3–79.6 years) at the time of surgery. They were treated with mobile-bearing prosthesis implanted with an anterior approach. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. Pain and function were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hindfoot score, the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) – physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS). Activity level was assessed with the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scale.
Results At 12 months postoperatively, statistically significant increase was reported for AOFAS scores (from 32.8 ± 12.7 preoperatively to 72.6 ± 13.3; p < 0.001), SF-12 PCS (from 34.3 ± 5.1 preoperatively to 45.4 ± 6.4; p < 0.001), and SF-12 MCS (from 39.8 ± 7.5 preoperatively to 51.4 ± 6.1; p < 0.001). A statistically significant decrease was detected in VAS pain score (from 8.7 ± 1.6 preoperatively to 2.2 ± 1.6; p < 0.001). The UCLA activity levels increased significantly from 2.4 ± 0.8 to 6.3 ± 2.3 (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Pain and function significantly improved in patients affected by ankle osteoarthritis, who underwent TAR, at 1-year follow-up. In addition, activity level showed a significant increase respect to preoperative condition.
Level of Evidence Level IV, retrospective case series.
Femoral Tunnel Positioning in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Anteromedial Portal versus Transtibial Technique—A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Venosa Michele , Delcogliano Marco , Padua Roberto , Alviti Federica , Delcogliano Antonio 
Published: July 2017

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate, through three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT), the accuracy of femoral tunnel positioning in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, comparing transtibial (TT) and anteromedial (AM) techniques.
Methods We evaluated postoperative 3D-CT scans of 26 patients treated with ACL reconstruction with hamstrings autograft using a low accessory AM portal technique and 26 treated with the TT technique. The position of the femoral tunnel center was measured with the quadrant method.
Results Using quadrant method on CT scans, femoral tunnels were measured at a mean of 32.2 and 28.1% from the proximal condylar surface (parallel to Blumensaat line) and at a mean of 31.2 and 15.1% from the notch roof (perpendicular to Blumensaat line) for the AM and TT techniques, respectively.
Conclusion The AM portal technique provides more anatomical graft placement than TT techniques.
Level of Evidence Level I, randomized clinical study.
Monitoring of Free Flaps with Combined Tissue Spectrophotometry and Laser Doppler Flowmetry in an Animal Experimental Model
Authors: Rauff-Mortensen Andreas , Holst René , Houlind Kim , Birke-Sørensen Hanne , Berggren-Olsen Mette 
Published: July 2017

Background When mobilizing free flaps, postoperative monitoring of perfusion is crucial to detect ischemia. Continuous monitoring may be feasible by applying a combination of tissue spectrophotometry and laser Doppler flowmetry (oxygen-2-see [O2C]).
Material and Methods On 10 pigs, two symmetrical myocutaneous flaps were mobilized on each side of the abdomen based on the deep inferior epigastric vessels. Flaps were randomized to clamp either the artery or the vein and measurements using O2C were performed before, during, and after the intervention yielding information on blood flow, saturation (sat), and relative tissue hemoglobin (rHgb) concentration.
Results Baseline values were similar in all groups. Introduction of ischemia caused a rapid decline in arterial ischemic flaps which all reached threshold levels in 3 minutes, whereas that was only the case for three of six venous ischemic flaps. Venous clamping resulted in a decline in sat, while the response to arterial clamping was an initial decline followed by an increase in sat. In all arterial ischemic flaps, rHgb concentration either decreased or remained at baseline levels but increased in all venous ischemic flaps. The median time to a 30% rise was 1 minute at an 8-mm depth. The rate of decreasing flow along with the rHgb measurements made it possible to distinguish the arterial ischemia (AI) from the venous ischemia (VI) within the first few minutes.
Conclusion In this animal experimental model, O2C measurements of blood flow reliably detected ischemia. By adding information about rHgb, it was possible to distinguish between AI and VI.
Parasitic Infections in Pediatric Population of India: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Strategies for Prevention
Authors: Patwardhan Vrushali , Kumar Dinesh , Singh Sarman 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlmost one-fourth of the world's population is possibly suffering from parasitic diseases. Children are more vulnerable to various parasitic infections as compared with normal adults due to their outdoor activities, immature immune system, nonadherence to good hygiene practices, and preference for street food. Parasitic infections are known to put a grave strain on their physical and cognitive growth and development. Thus, awareness and importance of pediatric parasitology need escalated recognition among pediatricians. Parasitic diseases both common and uncommon that are encountered in Indian children are contemplated in this review. We have covered epidemiology, life cycle, clinical features, and diagnosis of pediatric parasitic infections that transpire in India, including some preventive strategies.
Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Children
Authors: Dhingra Dhulika , Singh Amitabh , Mandal Anirban 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii (previously known as Pneumocystis carinii), a yeast-like, atypical fungus, is an important human pathogen especially in the immunocompromised hosts. It primarily causes pneumonia (P. jirovecii pneumonia or PJP), but rarely can infect other extrapulmonary sites, such as lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Though an early age of colonization/infection has been documented even in healthy children, children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, those with immunosuppression secondary to malignancies, cancer chemotherapy, and other immunosuppressive agents, and primary immunodeficiency are the ones primarily affected with the disease. The mode of presentation is variable depending on the underlying disease, immune status, and age of the patient, but clinical features of PJP are largely nonspecific. Though diffuse, perihilar predominant, bilaterally symmetrical interstitial infiltrates with apical sparing is characteristically seen in pulmonary imaging, it is very difficult to differentiate between PJP and other causes of pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. The growth of the organism being extremely difficult in the laboratory, direct demonstration of the organism or its DNA in pulmonary secretions (induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL], etc.) by either direct stains or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the predominant mode of diagnosis. Chemoprophylaxis is indicated for HIV-infected infants and other children with profound immunosuppression. Co-trimoxazole is the drug of choice for both prophylaxis and therapy in children with PJP; pentamidine, atovaquone, dapsone, and clindamycin/primaquine are other alternatives. Following the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV disease and co-trimoxazole prophylaxis, both the incidence of PJP and associated mortality have decreased dramatically in the developing regions. Developing countries still have very high morbidity and mortality with PJP, especially in HIV-infected children.
PT bei Patella-Luxation
Authors: Dölken Mechthild 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungLuxationen der Patella kommen in verschiedenen Formen vor. Lesen Sie, welche Ursachen Patellaluxationen haben und wie die Physiotherapie so
angepasst werden kann, dass sie in allen Heilungsphasen mit unterschiedlichen Belastungen in der geschlossenen Kette möglich ist.
Recruitment Patterns of Juvenile Fish at an Artificial Reef Area in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Arney Rachel N. , Froehlich Catheline Y. M. , Kline Richard J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In 2011 the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and the Coastal Conservation Association of Texas deployed over 4,000 concrete culverts in a designated artificial reef area off Port Mansfield, Texas, to enhance habitat for sport fish species in the Gulf of Mexico. A study was conducted to assess juvenile fish recruitment at varying culvert densities within the artificial reef area. Standard monitoring units for the recruitment of reef fish (SMURFs) were used to sample juvenile fish, and these collections were compared with visual scuba surveys. The 0.027-m3 SMURFs were placed at four different culvert densities (0, 1–50, 51–100, and 101+ culverts in a 30-m radius) and sampled during 2013 to 2014. Measurements of rugosity, vertical relief, and percent cover were collected to elucidate factors that drive juvenile recruitment. Average species richness was highest at sites with no culverts and lowest at dense culvert sites. Species compositions were significantly different between sampling locations with no culverts and all locations with culverts; average similarity was 33.8%. Belted Sandfish Serranus subligarius was the most ubiquitous species among all sampling locations. Visual scuba surveys at the same locations showed lower diversity indices of the juvenile fish community than observed by SMURFs and were only 14% similar to the community sampled by the SMURFs. These findings suggest SMURFs are a more effective tool for examining juvenile fish at an artificial reef due to the cryptic nature of juveniles and the low visibility around shallow reefs. Additionally, commercially important Yellowedge Grouper Hyporthodus flavolimbatus, Warsaw Grouper H. nigritus, and Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus juveniles were only found at SMURFs at sampling locations with no culverts. The presence of juveniles of these key species suggest that fisheries management may benefit from creating low-relief reef patches away from the main reef where juvenile fish can recruit and grow.
Size and concentration analyses of extracellular vesicles by nanoparticle tracking analysis: a variation study
Authors: Vestad Beate , Llorente Alicia , Neurauter Axl , Phuyal Santosh , Kierulf Bente , Kierulf Peter , Skotland Tore , Sandvig Kirsten , Haug Kari Bente F. , Øvstebø Reidun 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTCurrent methods for characterisation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) need further standardisation in order to obtain an acceptable level of data comparability. Size and concentration of EVs can be determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). However, both the heterogeneity of EVs and the choice of instrument settings may cause an appreciable analytical variation. Intra‐assay (within‐day, n = 6) and inter‐assay (day‐to‐day, n = 6) variations (coefficient of variation, % CV) of different preparations of EVs and artificial vesicles or beads were determined using two NanoSight NS500 instruments, located at different laboratories. All analyses were performed by the same operator. The effect of applying identical software settings or instrument‐optimised settings for each sample type and instrument was also evaluated. Finally, the impact of different operators and the use of two different software versions were investigated. The intra‐assay CVs were 1–12% for both EVs and artificial samples, measured on the same instrument. The overall day‐to‐day variation was similar for both instruments, ranging from 2% to 25%. However, significantly different results were observed between the two instruments using identical software settings. The effect of applying instrument‐optimised settings reduced the mismatch between the instruments, resulting in little to no significant divergences. The impact of using different operators and software versions when analysing silica microspheres and microvesicles from monocytes using instrument‐optimised settings on the same instrument did not contribute to significant variation compared to the overall day‐to‐day variation of one operator. Performance differences between two similar NTA instruments may display significant divergences in size and concentration measurements when analysing EVs, depending on applied instrument settings and technical conditions. The importance of developing a streamlined and standardised execution of analysis, as well as monitoring longitudinal variation parameters on both biological and synthetic samples, should be highlighted.
Sociological history of New England Town Meetings: The question of their deliberative culture
Authors: Cossart Paula , Felicetti Andrea 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Historical New England Town Meetings have long had an important role in the collective imaginary as exemplary models of democratic participation. However, scholarly investigation has pointed to important limitations with respect to the democratic credentials of these assemblies. In this paper, we engage with recent theorising from deliberative democracy to provide an updated historical examination of the deliberative and democratic qualities of Town Meetings from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. We show that Town Meetings provided a space to engage in meaningful deliberation in the context of settlers’ communities. Nonetheless, through analyses using the notions of deliberative culture and group style, we show that these communities featured deep anti-democratic norms that curtailed the democratic potential of these assemblies.
Producer Preferences for Contracts on a Risky Bioenergy Crop
Authors: Krah Kwabena , Petrolia Daniel R , Williams Angelica , Coble Keith H , Harri Ardian , Rejesus Roderick M 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe employ a choice experiment to examine producer preferences for contracts to produce a risky bioenergy crop. We develop a framework accounting for subjective risk preferences and perceptions, and heterogeneous status‐quo alternatives. Results indicate that price, biorefinery harvest, and establishment cost‐share have significant positive effects, whereas contract length has a negative effect. We also find evidence of significant heterogeneity in preferences for biorefinery harvest, yield insurance, and contract length. Incorporating subjective risk perception and risk preference information, as well as accounting for heterogeneous status quo alternatives improves overall model performance.
Network Connections and Salivary Testosterone Among Older U.S. Women: Social Modulation or Hormonal Causation?
Authors: Das Aniruddha 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Objectives
This study examined potentially bidirectional connections of older U.S. women’s salivary testosterone with their social network connections.

Methods
Data were from the 2005–2006 and 2010–2011 waves of the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (NSHAP), a national probability sample of older U.S. adults. Autoregressive cross-lagged panel models tested linkages of women’s testosterone with their social networks.

Results
Consistent with recent biological theory suggesting social modulation of hormones, a higher kin proportion in one’s egocentric (person-centered) network, arguably a stable compositional feature, negatively predicted women’s testosterone levels. In contrast, findings for tie strength were consistent with hormonal regulation of women’s sociality—with both perceived support from friends and family, and closeness to network members, negatively influenced by testosterone.

Discussion
Rather than being a static and exogenous biological factor, older women’s testosterone levels seem partly an outcome of their social context. Implications for sexual health and hormone therapy are discussed. However, this androgen also influences dimensions of their intimate networks critical to successful aging. Findings suggest the need for social scientists to engage with the neuroendocrine literature, which offers suggestions on linkages of hormones with specific network patterns.
Reducing retrospective patterns in stock assessment and impacts on management performance
Authors: Szuwalski Cody S , Ianelli James N , Punt André E 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Retrospective patterns are consistent directional changes in assessment estimates of biomass in a given year when additional years of data are added to an assessment, and have been identified for a number of exploited marine stocks. Retrospective patterns are sometimes reduced by allowing population processes to vary over time in an assessment, but it is unclear how this practice influences management performance. We simulated stocks in which retrospective patterns were induced by forcing natural mortality, selectivity, or growth to vary over time. We then evaluated the impacts of reducing retrospective patterns by allowing population processes to vary in the assessment. In general, allowing selectivity, natural mortality, and growth to vary in the assessment decreased the magnitude of retrospective patterns in estimated spawning biomass, regardless of whether the true time-varying process was allowed to vary. However, the resulting reference points and management advice were sometimes drastically in error when a process other than the true time-varying process was allowed to vary, and these errors resulted in under-utilizing or over-exploiting the stock. Given the potential for error, identifying the important population processes that vary over time when addressing retrospective patterns should be a priority when providing management advice and may require increased longitudinal life history studies.