bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of reoperation after sacral neuromodulation: A single institution evaluation of over 400 patients
Authors: Peters Kenneth M. , Killinger Kim A. , Gilleran Jason P. , Bartley Jamie , Wolfert Cheryl , Boura Judith A. 
Published: November 2015

AimsTo explore factors that may predispose patients to reoperation after sacral neuromodulation (SNM).MethodsPatients enrolled in our longitudinal neuromodulation database were reviewed. Medical records data, and voiding diaries, Interstitial Cystitis Symptom–Problem Indices (ICSI‐PI), and Overactive Bladder Questionnaires (OAB‐q) at baseline and 3 months were analyzed with Pearson's χ2, Fisher's Exact test, Wilcoxon rank tests, and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOf 407 patients, 134 (33%) had at least one reoperation over median 28.9 months follow‐up (range 1.6–121.7); 78/407 (19%) were revised, and 56/407 (14%) were explanted. The most common reason for reoperation was lack of efficacy/worsening symptoms (n = 87). The reoperations group had a higher proportion of women (P = 0.049), lower mean body mass index (BMI; P = 0.010), more reprogramming events (P < 0.0001), longer median follow‐up (P = 0.0008), and higher proportions with interstitial cystitis (P = 0.013), using hormone replacement therapy (P = 0.0004), and complications (P < 0.0001). Both reoperations/no reoperations groups had similar improvements in ICSI‐PI (P < 0.0001 for both), OAB‐q severity (P < 0.0001 for both) and quality of life (P < 0.0001 for both). On multivariate analysis, only longer follow‐up (P = 0.0011; OR 1.048; CI 1.019, 1.078) and having a complication (P < 0.0001; OR 23.2; CI 11.47, 46.75) were significant predictors of reoperations. In women only, using HRT at time of implant was also predictive of reoperation (P = 0.0027; OR 3.09; CI 1.48, 6.46).ConclusionsIn this largest known series to date, one third of the patients required reoperation and the most common reason was lack of efficacy/worsening symptoms. Ongoing study is needed as the technology continues to evolve. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:354–359, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cultural adaptation of the female pelvic floor questionnaire (FPFQ) into French
Authors: Deparis Julia , Bonniaud Véronique , Desseauve David , Guilhot Joëlle , Masanovic Margot , de Tayrac Renaud , Fauconnier Arnaud , Fritel Xavier 
Published: November 2015

AimsThe Female pelvic floor questionnaire (FPFQ) is a self‐administered tool on pelvic floor function. Our aim was to carry out a cultural adaptation of the FPFQ into French and to assess its psychometric properties.MethodsAfter cross‐cultural adaptation into French, acceptability and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed through a sample of 56 women in a test‐retest. Discriminative construct validity was evaluated by comparing the results obtained by the FPFQ to those of other validated questionnaires. Longitudinal follow‐up of the 282 pregnant women included in the PreNatal Pelvic floor Prevention trial (3PN) was used to analyze responsiveness.ResultsThe proportion of missing data did not exceed 4% for questions about bladder function, bowel function, and pelvic organ prolapse; 10% for issues related to sexual function. Question 9 was considered difficult to understand by 14% of women. After rewriting, this issue was retested in a new sample of 52 women and presented no further problems. The intra‐class correlation coefficient was greater than or equal to 0.7 for all domains during the test‐retest. The FPFQ was strongly and significantly correlated (Spearman r > 0.5) with the other validated questionnaires. The French version of FPFQ recorded changes in urinary and sexual symptoms for the women involved in 3PN trial with a standardized response mean equal to 0.83 and 0.44, respectively.ConclusionThe French version of the FPFQ is self‐administered, reliable, valid, and can detect a change in symptoms during follow‐up. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:253–258, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Greater hunger and less restraint predict weight loss success with phentermine treatment
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth A. , Mcnair Bryan , Bechtell Jamie L. , Ferland Annie , Cornier Marc‐Andre , Eckel Robert H. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivePhentermine is thought to cause weight loss through a reduction in hunger. It was hypothesized that higher hunger ratings would predict greater weight loss with phentermine.MethodsThis is an observational pilot study in which all subjects were treated with phentermine for 8 weeks and appetite and eating behaviors were measured at baseline and week 8. Outcomes were compared in subjects with ≥5% vs. <5% weight loss, and linear regression was used to identify predictors of percent weight loss.ResultsTwenty‐seven subjects (37 ± 4.5 years, 93.8 ± 12.1 kg, BMI 33.8 ± 3.1 kg m−2) completed the study, with mean weight loss of −5.4 ± 3.3 kg (−5.7% ± 3.2%). Subjects with ≥5% weight loss had higher baseline pre‐breakfast hunger (P = 0.017), desire to eat (P =0.003), and prospective food consumption (0.006) and lower baseline cognitive restraint (P = 0.01). In addition, higher baseline home prospective food consumption (P = 0.002) and lower baseline cognitive restraint (P < 0.001) were found to be predictors of weight loss.ConclusionsThese results suggest that individuals reporting greater hunger and less restraint are more likely to achieve significant weight loss with phentermine. This information can be used clinically to determine who might benefit most from phentermine treatment.
Facilitated long chain fatty acid uptake by adipocytes remains upregulated relative to BMI for more than a year after major bariatric surgical weight loss
Authors: Ge Fengxia , Walewski José L. , Torghabeh Mehyar Hefazi , Lobdell Harrison , Hu Chunguang , Zhou Shengli , Dakin Gregory , Pomp Alfons , Bessler Marc , Schrope Beth , Ude‐Welcome Aku , Inabnet William B. , Feng Tianshu , Carras‐Terzian Elektra , Anglade Dieunine , Ebel Faith E. , Berk Paul D. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveThis study examined whether changes in adipocyte long chain fatty acid (LCFA) uptake kinetics explain the weight regain increasingly observed following bariatric surgery.MethodsThree groups (10 patients each) were studied: patients without obesity (NO: BMI 24.2 ± 2.3 kg m−2); patients with obesity (O: BMI 49.8 ± 11.9); and patients classified as super‐obese (SO: BMI 62.6 ± 2.8). NO patients underwent omental and subcutaneous fat biopsies during clinically indicated abdominal surgeries; O were biopsied during bariatric surgery, and SO during both a sleeve gastrectomy and at another bariatric operation 16 ± 2 months later, after losing 113 ± 13 lbs. Adipocyte sizes and [3H]‐LCFA uptake kinetics were determined in all biopsies.ResultsVmax for facilitated LCFA uptake by omental adipocytes increased exponentially from 5.1 ± 0.95 to 21.3 ± 3.20 to 68.7 ± 9.45 pmol/sec/50,000 cells in NO, O, and SO patients, respectively, correlating with BMI (r = 0.99, P < 0.001). Subcutaneous results were virtually identical. By the second operation, the mean BMI (SO patients) fell significantly (P < 0.01) to 44.4 ± 2.4 kg m−2, similar to the O group. However, Vmax (40.6 ± 11.5) in this weight‐reduced group remained ∼2X that predicted from the BMI:Vmax regression among NO, O, and SO patients.ConclusionsFacilitated adipocyte LCFA uptake remains significantly upregulated ≥1 year after bariatric surgery, possibly contributing to weight regain.
Advanced glycation end‐products induce skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction in diabetic mice via a RAGE‐mediated, AMPK‐down‐regulated, Akt pathway
Authors: Chiu Chen‐Yuan , Yang Rong‐Sen , Sheu Meei‐Ling , Chan Ding‐Cheng , Yang Ting‐Hua , Tsai Keh‐Sung , Chiang Chih‐Kang , Liu Shing‐Hwa 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDiabetic myopathy, a less studied complication of diabetes, exhibits the clinical observations characterized by a less muscle mass, muscle weakness and a reduced physical functional capacity. Accumulation of advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs), known to play a role in diabetic complications, has been identified in ageing human skeletal muscles. However, the role of AGEs in diabetic myopathy remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of AGEs on myogenic differentiation and muscle atrophy in vivo and in vitro. We also evaluated the therapeutic potential of alagebrium chloride (Ala‐Cl), an inhibitor of AGEs. Muscle fibre atrophy and immunoreactivity for AGEs, Atrogin‐1 (a muscle atrophy marker) and phosphorylated AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) expressions were markedly increased in human skeletal muscles from patients with diabetes as compared with control subjects. Moreover, in diabetic mice we found increased blood AGEs, less muscle mass, lower muscular endurance, atrophic muscle size and poor regenerative capacity, and increased levels of muscle AGE and receptor for AGE (RAGE), Atrogin‐1 and phosphorylated AMPK, which could be significantly ameliorated by Ala‐Cl. Furthermore, in vitro, AGEs (in a dose‐dependent manner) reduced myotube diameters (myotube atrophy) and induced Atrogin‐1 protein expression in myotubes differentiated from both mouse myoblasts and primary human skeletal muscle‐derived progenitor cells. AGEs exerted a negative regulation of myogenesis of mouse and human myoblasts. Ala‐Cl significantly inhibited the effects of AGEs on myotube atrophy and myogenesis. We further demonstrated that AGEs induced muscle atrophy/myogenesis impairment via a RAGE‐mediated AMPK‐down‐regulation of the Akt signalling pathway. Our findings support that AGEs play an important role in diabetic myopathy, and that an inhibitor of AGEs may offer a therapeutic strategy for managing the dysfunction of muscle due to diabetes or ageing. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treg depletion in non‐human primates using a novel diphtheria toxin‐based anti‐human CCR4 immunotoxin
Authors: Wang Zhaohui , Pratts Shannon G. , Zhang Huiping , Spencer Philip J. , Yu Ruichao , Tonsho Makoto , Shah Jigesh A. , Tanabe Tatsu , Powell Harrison R. , Huang Christene A. , Madsen Joren C. , Sachs David H. , Wang Zhirui 
Published: November 2015

Regulatory T cells (Treg) play an important role in modulating the immune response and has attracted increasing attention in diverse fields such as cancer treatment, transplantation and autoimmune diseases. CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is expressed on the majority of Tregs, especially on effector Tregs. Recently we have developed a diphtheria‐toxin based anti‐human CCR4 immunotoxin for depleting CCR4+ cells in vivo. In this study, we demonstrated that the anti‐human CCR4 immunotoxin bound and depleted monkey CCR4+ cells in vitro. We also demonstrated that the immunotoxin bound to the CCR4+Foxp3+ monkey Tregs in vitro. In vivo studies performed in two naive cynomolgus monkeys revealed 78–89% CCR4+Foxp3+ Treg depletion in peripheral blood lasting approximately 10 days. In lymph nodes, 89–96% CCR4+Foxp3+ Tregs were depleted. No effect was observed in other cell populations including CD8+ T cells, other CD4+ T cells, B cells and NK cells. To our knowledge, this is the first agent that effectively depleted non‐human primate (NHP) Tregs. This immunotoxin has potential to deplete effector Tregs for combined cancer treatment.
Moral Responsibility, Shared Values, and Corporate Culture
Authors: Dempsey James 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT:Although it is unremarkable to hear a corporate culture described as ethical or unethical, it remains quite unclear what such a claim means or how it may be justified. I begin by addressing these two questions by offering an account of corporate culture as the intrinsic values that are shared by organisation members and that underpin organisational goals. I then employ this analysis to offer a new account of how moral responsibility is generated and distributed in business organisations. Since certain corporate values, or culture, will predictably promote wrongdoing by members, all those who participated in that culture will acquire a degree of moral responsibility for the wrongdoing that results. They are, we may say, complicit in the wrongdoing because they helped facilitate it. This is because, by sharing values in the way that creates corporate culture, organisation members give each other reasons for acting in line with those values.
The Inter-Institutional Interface of Religion and Business
Authors: Peifer Jared L. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT:It is frequently asserted that religion enhances the ethical climate of business. This is buttressed by the tacit assumption that religious moral authority is easily combined with and exerted in business, an inter-institutional process I call Engagement. By drawing upon Secularization Theory’s societal-level focus on religious authority and the symbolic boundary work surrounding the interface of competing institutional logics, I theorize a broader range of inter-institutional processes including, Disengagement, Co-optation and Adjudication. To exemplify these inter-institutional processes, I engage in qualitative analysis of historic religious magazines from 1927-1931 and 1985-1989 and focus on the religious moral authority directed at the financial market. I discuss how my findings relate to the scholarship on Religion and Business in particular and Business Ethics more broadly.
New Electromagnetic Design of Miniature AF VCM Actuator with Low Cost
Authors: Liu C.-S. , Kuo L. , Tsai B.-J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRecently, compact and high-resolution camera modules with auto-focusing (AF) function have been integrated into cell phones in order to capture sharp photographs. Consumer demands AF camera modules in cell phones to have high performance with low cost. Accordingly, the present study proposes a new electromagnetic design of miniature AF voice coil motor (VCM) actuator with closed-loop control for cell phone camera modules to satisfy the requirements. The structure of the proposed AF VCM actuators was designed by using simulation methods. The performance of the proposed AF VCM actuators was demonstrated by a laboratory-built prototype. The experimental results have shown that the proposed AF VCM actuator has excellent performance with lower power consumption, higher positioning repeatability, and lower cost, when compared to previous AF VCM actuators with open-loop control or closed-loop control.
A Note on the Overall Magnification of a Gravitational Point-Source—Point-Lens System
Authors: Walters S. J. , Forbes L. K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe total magnification due to a point lens has been of particular interest as the theorem that gravitational lensing results in light amplification for all observers appears to contradict the conservation of photon number. This has been discussed several times, and various resolutions have been offered. In this note, we use a kinematic approach to provide a formula for the magnification factor for the primary image accurate to first order and valid for rays leaving the source at any trajectory. We thus determine the magnification over a sphere surrounding the system. A new result found is that while the magnification dips below unity far from the optical axis as noted by others, it returns to unity directly behind the source.
Effect of dietary protein on plasma insulin-like growth factor-1, growth, and body composition in healthy term infants: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial (Early Protein and Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH) study)
Authors: Putet Guy , Labaune Jean-Marc , Mace Katherine , Steenhout Philippe , Grathwohl Dominik , Raverot Veronique , Morel Yves , Picaud Jean-Charles 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe effect of protein intake on growth velocity in infancy may be mediated by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). This study aimed to determine the effects of formulae containing 1·8 (F1·8) or 2·7 g (F2·7) protein/418·4 kJ (100 kcal) on IGF-1 concentrations and growth. Healthy term infants were randomly assigned to receive F1·8 (n74) or F2·7 (n80) exclusively for the first 4 months of life. A group of breast-fed infants (n84) was followed-up simultaneously (reference). Growth and body composition were measured at 0·5, 4, 6, 12, 36, 48 and 60 months of life. The IGF-1 concentrations at 4 months (primary outcome) were similar in the F1·8 (67·1 (sd20·8) ng/l;n70) and F2·7 (71·2 (sd27·5) ng/l;n73) groups (P=0·52). Both formula groups had higher IGF-1 concentrations than the breast-fed group at 4 and 9 months of age (P≤0·0001). During the first 60 months of life, anthropometric parameters in the F1·8 group were lower compared with the F2·7 group, and the differences were significant for head circumference from 2 to 60 months, body weight at 4 and 6 months and length at 9, 12 and 36 months of age. There were no significant differences in body composition between these two groups at any age. We conclude that, in formula-fed infants, although increased protein intake did not affect the IGF-1 concentration during the first 12 months of life, it did affect length and head circumference growth, suggesting that factors other than IGF-1 could play roles in determining growth velocity.
Non-pest prey do not disrupt aphid predation by a web-building spider
Authors: Welch K.D. , Whitney T.D. , Harwood J.D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA generalist predator's ability to contribute to biological control is influenced by the decisions it makes during foraging. Predators often use flexible foraging tactics, which allows them to pursue specific types of prey at the cost of reducing the likelihood of capturing other types of prey. When a pest insect has low nutritional quality or palatability for a predator, the predator is likely to reject that prey in favour of pursuing alternative, non-pest prey. This is often thought to limit the effectiveness of generalist predators in consuming aphids, which are of low nutritional quality for many generalist predators. Here, we report behavioural assays that test the hypothesis that the generalist predator, Grammonota inornata (Araneae: Linyphiidae), preferentially forages for a non-pest prey with high nutritional quality (springtails), and rejects a pest prey with low nutritional quality (aphids). In no-choice assays, molecular gut-content analysis revealed that spiders continued to feed on the low-quality aphids at high rates, even when high-quality springtails were readily available. When provided a choice between aphids and springtails in two-way choice tests, spiders did not show the expected preference for springtails. Decision-making by spiders during foraging therefore appears to be sub-optimal, possibly because of attraction to the less frequently encountered of two preys as part of a dietary diversification strategy. These results indicate that behavioural preferences alone do not necessarily compromise the pest-suppression capacity of natural enemies: even nutritionally sub-optimal pest prey can potentially be subject to predation and suppression by natural enemies.
Why are ototopical aminoglycosides still first-line therapy for chronic suppurative otitis media? A systematic review and discussion of aminoglycosides versus quinolones
Authors: Harris A S , Elhassan H A , Flook E P 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjective:This systematic review aimed to establish that quinolones are as effective as aminoglycosides when used to treat chronic suppurative otitis media.Method:The review included good quality, randomised, controlled trials on human subjects, published in English, that compared topical aminoglycosides with topical quinolones for the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media.Results:Nine trials met the criteria. Two studies showed a higher clinical cure rate in the quinolone group (93 per centvs71 per cent,p= 0.04, and 76 per centvs52 per cent,p= 0.009). Four studies showed no statistically significant difference in clinical outcome. A significant difference in microbiological clearance in favour of quinolones was shown in two studies (88 per centvs30 per cent,p< 0.001, and 88 per centvs30 per cent,p< 0.001).Conclusion:Topical quinolones do not carry the same risk of ototoxicity as aminoglycosides. Furthermore, they are equal or more effective in treating chronic suppurative otitis media and when used as prophylaxis post-myringotomy. Topical quinolones should be considered a first-line treatment for these patients.
The great mimicker: a rare case of head and neck inflammatory pseudotumour in the presence of human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Ramotar H , Cheung L , Pitkin L 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground:Inflammatory pseudotumours of the head and neck are rare. A connection has been made between inflammatory pseudotumours and human immunodeficiency virus positivity.Case report:This paper reports a case of an inflammatory pseudotumour presenting with a lesion in the left tonsil and left cervical lymph node in a 49-year-old human immunodeficiency virus positive patient. A histological diagnosis was obtained after biopsy and serial radiological imaging.Conclusion:Diagnostic uncertainties can lead to unnecessary surgery. It is important to recognise the clinical, radiological and histological indicators of an inflammatory pseudotumour to enable a timely diagnosis and arrange appropriate treatment. In patients with co-morbidities causing immunocompromise, the potential diagnosis of an inflammatory pseudotumour should be considered. This is especially the case in human immunodeficiency virus patients, as inflammatory pseudotumours have been associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, which can manifest up to several years after the initiation of, or change in, antiretroviral therapies.
How children aged 2;6 tailor verbal expressions to interlocutor informational needs
Authors: ABBOT-SMITH KIRSTEN , NURMSOO ERIKA , CROLL REBECCA , FERGUSON HEATHER , FORRESTER MICHAEL 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAlthough preschoolers are pervasively underinformative in their actual usage of verbal reference, a number of studies have shown that they nonetheless demonstrate sensitivity to listener informational needs, at least when environmental cues to this are obvious. We investigated two issues. The first concerned the types of visual cues to interlocutor informational needs which children aged 2;6 can process whilst producing complex referring expressions. The second was whether performance in experimental tasks related to naturalistic conversational proficiency. We found that 2;6-year-olds used fewer complex expressions when the objects were dissimilar compared to highly similar objects, indicating that they tailor their verbal expressions to the informational needs of another person, even when the cue to the informational need is relatively opaque. We also found a correlation between conversational skills as rated by the parents and the degree to which 2;6-year-olds could learn from feedback to produce complex referring expressions.
Lower bounds for the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of the Laplacian for domains in hyperbolic space
Authors: ARTAMOSHIN SERGEI 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe consider domains in a simply connected space of constant negative curvature and develop a new technique that improves existing classical lower bound for Dirichlet eigenvalues obtained by H. P. McKean as well as the lower bounds recently obtained by A. Savo.