bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Unsteady Dynamics of a Multi-Jet Impingement Cooling Flow Using Large Eddy Simulation
Authors: Morsbach Christian , Matha Marcel , Brakmann Robin G. , Tabassum Sadiya , Bergmann Michael , Schroll Michael , Willert Christian , Kügeler Edmund 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We investigate the unsteady behavior of an in-line jet impingement array of nine jets at a Reynolds number of 10,000 in a narrow channel subjected to a developing cross flow of up to 25% of the bulk jet velocity. To this end, we present an improved version of a previously published large eddy simulation (LES) now with resolved turbulence at the inflow boundaries. After a careful analysis of the transient behavior and statistical convergence of the LES, we discuss the time-averaged heat transfer characteristics of the configuration compared to numerical references of similar configurations. We then show how the large-scale unsteadiness increases from jet to jet. Both space-only and spectral proper orthogonal decompositions (POD and SPOD) are used to discuss the large-scale organization of single jets and multiple jets in combination. The latter shows a qualitative change in the unsteady behavior of the temperature footprint on the impingement wall with increasing cross flow.
Short Circuit Estimation in Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Moving Horizon Estimation
Authors: Moon Jihoon , Bhaskar Kiran , Rahn Christopher D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes rapid and accurate short circuit estimation under resting condition using joint moving horizon estimation (MHE). The use of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) in electric vehicles (EVs) has been increasing, leading to heightened concerns regarding the safety of LiBs. Detecting a short circuit, which is a major cause of safety incidents, is challenging when it is in its early stages. Therefore, short circuits should be detected swiftly and accurately to prevent thermal runaway and potential fires, property damage, injuries, and mortalities. During leak testing of new cells or often an EV crash, applied current may be zero and parameters unknown. The presented work addresses these challenges through the application of a joint MHE approach, to estimate both short circuit current and battery capacity. The proposed approach is evaluated through extensive simulations involving various short circuit scenarios and is compared to a joint extended Kalman filter and joint unscented Kalman filter. Experimental data are also used to validate the effectiveness of states and parameters estimation.
Effective Map Merging for Long-Term Autonomous Navigation
Authors: Baird Christopher , Nokleby Scott 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An algorithm is presented that intelligently merges multiple 3D point clouds used for localization based on when the point cloud was recorded to create an updated map that is more similar to the current environment. The algorithm was implemented on a Boston Dynamics Spot robot and was used to upgrade Spot’s autonomous navigation algorithm called Autowalk by adding the capability for long-term navigation in semi-static environments. The proposed algorithm was validated by having Spot navigate both indoor and outdoor environments over multiple months traveling over 43 km autonomously without losing localization. The proposed method extends the life of programmed autonomous missions to ensure a robot can be used over extended periods of time without the need to re-teach these autonomous missions due to changes in the environment.
A Statistical Prediction of Electrical Discharge Initiation and Semi-Analytical Transient Mixed Lubrication Model of a Rolling Element
Authors: Jackson Robert L. , Saha Sudip , Janik Jack R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Rolling element bearings are an integral component of electric vehicles, supporting radial and axial loads in powertrain components such as electric motor shafts and wheel bearings. Fast-switching inverters enable precise, variable control of motor performance at the cost of possible stray current leakage into mechanical components. These currents naturally seek to cross the insulating fluid film in rolling element bearings. In doing so, a destructive discharge or arc may form and cause irreversible damage to metallic bearing surfaces. A unique contribution of the work is that it provides a method to use the statistical height distribution to predict the likelihood of electrical breakdown and discharging. To predict film thickness it uses a closed-form elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) models to present a semi-analytical model of this discharging phenomenon. Existing EHL models are modified for mixed lubrication and electrical contacts by incorporating a solid rough surface asperity contact model and a flow factor modified lubrication model. The model accounts for transient effects and considers changes in speed and other parameters during operation. The resulting model predicts the likelihood of surface damage and electrical properties of the bearings through the statistical asperity height above a critical value calculation. The damaged regions predicted by the model are in qualitative agreement with the experimental tests.
Study on the Influence Mechanism of Spoiler on Flow and Combustion Process in Rotary Engine Cylinder
Authors: Li Liangyu , Guo Zihe , Zou Run , Su Tiexiong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The spoiler is vital for optimizing rotary engines, yet its impact on the flow and combustion process within the cylinder remains ambiguous, thereby impeding the optimization efforts for rotary engines. This article, by analyzing the motion of the rotary, discovers a form of high-speed local gas flow within the cylinder due to local pressure differences resulting from interactions among the combustion chamber, cylinder body, and spoiler structure. This phenomenon is named “pressure differential flow” to differentiate it from the forced flow induced by the spoiler. Using mathematical models and three-dimensional simulations, we analyze the intensity of pressure differential flow at various spoiler heights and its regulatory effects on the flow and combustion characteristics within the cylinder. The results indicate that the flow caused by the spoiler in the cylinder is primarily divided into forced flow and pressure differential flow, with the intensity of the latter increasing as the spoiler height increases. When the spoiler height is greater than 75% of the maximum height, the pressure difference flow becomes more apparent, with both forced flow and pressure difference flow coexisting in the cylinder; when the spoiler height is less than 75% of the maximum height, the pressure difference flow is less noticeable, and the forced flow caused by the spoiler dominates. Pressure differential flow can reduce ignition delay and increase the maximum cylinder pressure, but it can also delay ignition timing and reduce combustion stability.
Preclinical evaluation of a fully human, quadrivalent-hantavirus polyclonal antibody derived from a non-human source
Authors: Brocato Rebecca L. , Wu Hua , Kwilas Steven A. , Principe Lucia M. , Josleyn Matthew , Shamblin Joshua , Chivukula Padmanabh , Bausch Christoph , Luke Thomas , Sullivan Eddie J. , Hooper Jay W. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Hantaviruses are rodent-borne viruses that cause severe disease in infected humans. In the New World, major hantaviruses include Andes virus (ANDV) and Sin Nombre virus (SNV) causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. In the Old World, major hantaviruses include Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Puumala virus (PUUV) causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Here, we produced a pan-hantavirus therapeutic (SAB-163) comprised of fully human immunoglobulin purified from the plasma of transchromosomic bovines (TcB) vaccinated with hantavirus DNA plasmids coding for the major glycoproteins of ANDV, SNV, HTNV, and PUUV. SAB-163 has potent neutralizing antibodies (PRNT50 > 200,000) against the four targeted hantavirus and cross-neutralization against several other heterotypic hantaviruses. At a dosage of 10 mg/kg, SAB-163 is bioavailable in Syrian hamsters out to 70 days post-treatment with a half-life of 10–15 days. At this same dosage, SAB-163 administered 1 day before, or 5 days after exposure, protected all hamsters from lethal disease caused by ANDV. At a higher dose, partial but significant protection was achieved as late as day 6. SAB-163 also protected hamsters in the HTNV, PUUV, and SNV infection models when administered 1 day before or up to 3 days after challenge. This pan-hantavirus therapeutic is attractive because it is fully human, multi-targeted, safe, stable at 4°C, and effective in animal models. SAB-163 was evaluated for safety in GLP human tissue binding studies and a GLP rabbit toxicity study at 365 and 730 mg/kg and is investigational new drug enabled for phase 1 clinical trial(s).

IMPORTANCE
This candidate polyclonal human IgG product was produced using synthetic gene-based vaccines and transgenic cows. Having now gone through cGMP production, GLP safety testing, and efficacy testing in animals, SAB-163 is the world’s most advanced anti-hantavirus antibody-based medical countermeasure, aside from convalescent human plasma. Importantly, SAB-163 targets the most prevalent hantaviruses on four continents.
Characterization of non-standard viral genomes during arenavirus infections identifies prominent S RNA intergenic region deletions
Authors: Hackbart Matthew , López Carolina B. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Arenaviruses, a family of negative-sense RNA viruses spread by rodents, are a leading cause of severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. Due to a paucity of antivirals and vaccines for arenaviruses, there is a need to identify new mechanisms for interfering with arenavirus replication. In several negative-sense RNA viruses, natural viral interference results from the production of non-standard viral genomes (nsVGs) that activate the innate immune system and/or compete for essential viral products. Although it is well established that arenaviruses produce strong interfering activities, it is unknown if they produce interfering nsVGs. Here, we show that arenaviruses produce deletions within the intergenic region of their small (S) RNA genome, and these deletions inhibit viral glycoprotein production during minigenome replication. S RNA deletions are more abundant when arenaviruses are grown in high-interfering conditions and are associated with reduced viral replication. Overall, we found that arenaviruses produce internal deletions within the S RNA intergenic region that are capable of decreasing glycoprotein production. These natural arenavirus interfering molecules provide a new target for the generation of therapeutics against arenaviruses.

IMPORTANCE
Arenaviruses are hemorrhagic fever-causing pathogens that infect millions of people a year. There are currently no approved antivirals that target arenaviruses, and understanding natural mechanisms that inhibit arenavirus replication is crucial for the development of effective therapeutics. Here, we identified multiple deletions within arenavirus genomes that remove major replicative elements of the viral genomes. We show that deletions that remove the intergenic region of the viral genome can prevent viral protein production. These deletions were found in all arenaviruses tested in this study representing a mechanism that could be harnessed for the development of antivirals that broadly target the arenavirus family.
Whole genome sequencing of
Leuconostoc suionicum
and
L. pseudomesenteroides
isolates extracted from sugar beet roots
Authors: Kandel Shyam L. , Strausbaugh Carl A. , Bill Malick , Adhikari Bishwo N. , Hu Xiaojun 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Leuconostoc suionicum
and
Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides
are important lactic acid bacteria identified in rotted tissues of roots in the field and stored sugar beets. Here, we announce the genomes of
L. suionicum
and
L. pseudomesenteroides
, isolated from post-harvest sugar beet roots from Idaho and Minnesota.
Pinewood nematode induced changes in the assembly process of gallery microbiomes benefit its vector beetle’s development
Authors: Zhang Bin , Ma Yafei , Duan Wenzhao , Fan Qi , Sun Jianghua 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Microbiomes play crucial roles in insect adaptation, especially under stress such as pathogen invasion. Yet, how beneficial microbiomes assemble remains unclear. The wood-boring beetle
Monochamus alternatus
, a major pest and vector of the pine wilt disease (PWD) nematode, offers a unique model. We conducted controlled experiments using amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA and ITS) within galleries where beetles and microbes interact. PWD significantly altered bacterial and fungal communities, suggesting distinct assembly processes. Deterministic factors like priority effects, host selection, and microbial interactions shaped microbiome composition, distinguishing healthy from PWN-infected galleries. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Ophiostomataceae emerged as potentially beneficial, aiding beetle’s development and pathogen resistance. This study unveils how nematode-induced changes in gallery microbiomes influence beetle’s development, shedding light on microbiome assembly amid insect-pathogen interactions. Insights gleaned enhance understanding of PWD spread and suggest novel management strategies via microbiome manipulation.

IMPORTANCE

This study explores the assembly process of gallery microbiomes associated with a wood-boring beetles,
Monochamus alternatus
, a vector of the pine wilt disease (PWD). By conducting controlled comparison experiments and employing amplicon approaches, the study reveals significant changes in taxonomic composition and functional adaptation of bacterial and fungal communities induced by PWD. It identifies deterministic processes, including priority effects, host selection, and microbial interactions, as major drivers in microbiome assembly. Additionally, the study highlights the presence of potentially beneficial microbes such as Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Ophiostomataceae, which could enhance beetle development and resistance to pathogens. These findings shed light on the intricate interplay among insects, microbiomes, and pathogens, contributing to a deeper understanding of PWD prevalence and suggesting innovative management strategies through microbiome manipulation.
Clinical validation of the Roche cobas HPV test on the Roche cobas 5800 system for the purpose of cervical screening
Authors: Mehta Nikita , Keung Marco Ho Ting , Pineda Eunice , Lynn Elliott , Fetene Dagnachew , Lee Alvin , Hougardy Nicolas , Heinrichs Amelie , Chan Hiu Tat Mark , Arbyn Marc , Saville Marion , Hawkes David 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the relative clinical sensitivity and specificity, as well as reproducibility, for high-risk HPV types of the Roche cobas HPV test when processed using the Roche cobas 5800 system. The results from this study demonstrate that the cobas HPV test using the cobas 5800 system fulfils the Meijer criteria for use in population-based cervical screening. This clinical validation study also examines the clinical sensitivity and specificity based on partial genotyping, with separate detection of HPV16 and HPV18, compared with the Roche cobas 4800 HPV test, a second-generation standard comparator assay. The cobas HPV test has a relative clinical sensitivity of 1.000, when compared with the cobas 4800 HPV test to detect histologically confirmed CIN2+ lesions in woman aged 30 years or older, with a relative clinical specificity of 0.995. The general intra- and inter-laboratory agreement for the cobas HPV test on the cobas 5800 system for finding a HPV positive result were 99.1% and 99.6%, respectively.

IMPORTANCE
This study demonstrates, for the first time, the clinical performance of the Roche cobas HPV test when processed using the new cobas 5800 system [cobas (5800)]. This study shows that the cobas (5800) demonstrates relative clinical sensitivity and specificity, when compared with a standard comparator HPV test, which meets the international HPV test validation requirements. Intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility also fulfills these criteria. The current study demonstrates that the cobas (5800) can be used for primary HPV-based cervical screening on cervical specimens.
Doxycycline-associated acute pancreatitis: a rare adverse effect of a commonly prescribed antibiotic
Authors: Goldin Melissa Rachel , Petry Rachael , Goyal Parul 
Published: September 2024

In this case, a woman in her 80s presented to the emergency department with signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis that began after starting a course of doxycycline. Common aetiologies of acute pancreatitis, including alcohol use, gallstones and hypertriglyceridaemia were ruled out. Less common aetiologies, including recent Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure, hypercalcaemia, malignancy, infection and trauma, were also ruled out, making drug-induced acute pancreatitis the most likely aetiology. After consideration of her medication list, doxycycline was determined to be the offending medication. On discontinuation and treatment with fluids and analgesics, her condition slowly improved.This case illustrates a rare but severe complication of doxycycline use. Determining the aetiology of drug-induced acute pancreatitis is more difficult in older patients due to high rates of polypharmacy. Recognition of doxycycline as an aetiology of drug-induced pancreatitis may allow earlier recognition and intervention in cases of suspected pancreatitis without a clear common aetiology in older patients with polypharmacy.
Association between personality, lifestyle behaviors, and cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study of UK Biobank data
Authors: Park Chan Soon , Choi Jaewon , Kwak Soongu , Lee Seung-Pyo , Kim Hyung-Kwan , Kim Yong-Jin , Kwak Soo Heon , Park Jun-Bean 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionVarious strategies aim to better assess risks and refine prevention for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who vary in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the prognostic value of personality and its association with lifestyle factors remain elusive.Research design and methodsWe identified 8794 patients with T2DM from the UK Biobank database between 2006 and 2010 and followed them up until the end of 2021. We assessed personality traits using the Big Five proxies derived from UK Biobank data: sociability, warmth, diligence, curiosity, and nervousness. Healthy lifestyle behaviors were determined from information about obesity, smoking status, and physical activity. The primary outcome was a composite of incident CVD, including myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke (IS), atrial fibrillation (AF), and heart failure (HF).ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 13.6 years, a total of 2110 patients experienced CVDs. Among personality traits, diligence was significantly associated with a reduced risk of primary and secondary outcomes. The adjusted HRs with 95% CIs were: composite CVD, 0.93 (0.89–0.97); MI 0.90 (0.82–1.00); IS 0.83 (0.74–0.94); AF 0.92 (0.85–0.98); HF 0.84 (0.76–0.91). Healthy lifestyle behaviors significantly reduced the risk of composite CVDs in groups with high and low diligence. The findings of a structural equation model showed that diligence directly affected the risk of the primary outcome or indirectly by modifying lifestyle behaviors.ConclusionThis study revealed which personality traits can influence CVD risk during T2DM and how patients might benefit from adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors in relation to personality.
Outcome measures used in adolescent sport-related concussion research: a scoping review
Authors: McKee Connor Shane , Bleakley Chris , Rankin Alan , Matthews Mark 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo provide an overview of the outcome measures currently used after sports-related concussion (SRC) in adolescents, categorising by the constructs they assess, follow-up duration and their feasibility of use.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesWe searched three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL). We also undertook citation tracking of the included articles and searched for ongoing or unpublished trials using ClinicalTrials.gov and Theses Global.Eligibility criteriaStudies tracking concussion recovery in adolescent athletes.Results15 782 records were identified. After initial title and abstract screening, we retrieved 87 studies for full-text screening, with 75 studies fulfilling the eligibility criteria and included in the review, comprising 13 107 participants (9480 male, 3615 female and 12 unreported), ranging in age from 5 to 19 years. 46 different outcome measures were used, with Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (n=42) and Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (n=21) the most common. Most outcome measures quantified aspects of sensorimotor function including balance, oculomotor function and cognition. Follow-up duration ranged from 7 days to 1 year. 60% of studies ceased follow-up assessments within 6 weeks post-SRC.ConclusionsAdolescent SRC literature uses a wide range of outcome measures. Most research quantifies cognitive/fatigue domains in the acute/subacute stages post-SRC, using male participants. Other key domains such as anxiety/mood, migraine and key modifiers (cervical and sleep disturbance) are less well represented in the literature. Many of the outcome measures used in current research are associated with high cost and require highly qualified examiners, creating barriers to their implementation in some adolescent sporting environments.Study registrationhttps://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/N937E
Empowering communities to use healthy lifestyle centres: an implementation research from Sri Lanka
Authors: Herath Thilini , Perera Manuja , Guruge Duminda , Kasturiratne Anuradhani 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveHealthy lifestyle centres (HLCs), a state service that screens for major non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors and promotes lifestyle modifications in Sri Lanka, report underutilisation. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a participatory intervention to empower communities in improving HLC utilisation.DesignA quasi-experimental study based on the principles of community-based participatory researchSettingSix rural communities each as the intervention (IG) (Gampaha district) and comparison (CG) groups (Kalutara district) from the capital province of Sri Lanka.ParticipantsStudy population was healthy individuals aged 35–65 years, the target group of HLCs in Sri Lanka. A random sample of 498 individuals was selected from each group for evaluation.InterventionsCommunity support groups (CSGs) were established and empowered using health promotion approach from August 2019 to February 2020. Group discussions and participatory mapping were conducted to identify determinants of underutilisation of HLCs, design activities to address prioritised determinants and develop indicators to monitor the progress of CSGs.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was improvement of HLC utilisation and the secondary outcome was initiation of lifestyle modifications.ResultsSignificant improvements were seen in the IG, compared with the CG in the seven determinants that contribute to HLC utilisation. The largest differences were seen in reducing negative perceptions of susceptibility for NCDs (pre=64.7%; post=33.3%; p<0.001) and usefulness of screening (pre=66.6%; post=17.3%; p<0.001). The HLC utilisation in IG increased by 29.5% (pre=5.85%; 95% CI 3.74 to 7.95, post=35.3%; 95% CI 30.9 to 39.8, p<0.001), while the utilisation of the CG showed no difference. Furthermore, there was an improvement in the proportion of users who initiated lifestyle modification (pre=64.3%; post=89.9%; p=0.039) in IG, which was not observed in CG.ConclusionHLC utilisation and initiation of lifestyle modification can be improved by a community-based health promotion intervention through empowering CSGs.Trial registration numberSLCTR/2019/028.