bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A View to the Future: A Novel Approach for 3D–3D Superimposition and Quantification of Differences for Identification from Next‐Generation Video Surveillance Systems
Authors: Gibelli Daniele , De Angelis Danilo , Poppa Pasquale , Sforza Chiarella , Cattaneo Cristina 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTechniques of 2D–3D superimposition are widely used in cases of personal identification from video surveillance systems. However, the progressive improvement of 3D image acquisition technology will enable operators to perform also 3D–3D facial superimposition. This study aims at analyzing the possible applications of 3D–3D superimposition to personal identification, although from a theoretical point of view. Twenty subjects underwent a facial 3D scan by stereophotogrammetry twice at different time periods. Scans were superimposed two by two according to nine landmarks, and root‐mean‐square (RMS) value of point‐to‐point distances was calculated. When the two superimposed models belonged to the same individual, RMS value was 2.10 mm, while it was 4.47 mm in mismatches with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). This experiment shows the potential of 3D–3D superimposition: Further studies are needed to ascertain technical limits which may occur in practice and to improve methods useful in the forensic practice.
Spatial and Temporal Evaluation of Hydrological Response to Climate and Land Use Change in Three South Dakota Watersheds
Authors: Paul Manashi , Rajib Mohammad Adnan , Ahiablame Laurent 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study analyzed changes in hydrology between two recent decades (1980s and 2010s) with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in three representative watersheds in South Dakota: Bad River, Skunk Creek, and Upper Big Sioux River watersheds. Two SWAT models were created over two discrete time periods (1981‐1990 and 2005‐2014) for each watershed. National Land Cover Datasets 1992 and 2011 were, respectively, ingested into 1981‐1990 and 2005‐2014 models, along with corresponding weather data, to enable comparison of annual and seasonal runoff, soil water content, evapotranspiration (ET), water yield, and percolation between these two decades. Simulation results based on the calibrated models showed that surface runoff, soil water content, water yield, and percolation increased in all three watersheds. Elevated ET was also apparent, except in Skunk Creek watershed. Differences in annual water balance components appeared to follow changes in land use more closely than variation in precipitation amounts, although seasonal variation in precipitation was reflected in seasonal surface runoff. Subbasin‐scale spatial analyses revealed noticeable increases in water balance components mostly in downstream parts of Bad River and Skunk Creek watersheds, and the western part of Upper Big Sioux River watershed. Results presented in this study provide some insight into recent changes in hydrological processes in South Dakota watersheds. Editor's note: This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series.
The oil‐contaminated soil diazotroph Azoarcus oleariusDQS‐4T is genetically and phenotypically similar to the model grass endophyte Azoarcus sp. BH72
Authors: Faoro Helisson , Rene Menegazzo Rodrigo , Battistoni Federico , Gyaneshwar Prasad , do Amaral Fernanda P. , Taulé Cecilia , Rausch Sydnee , Gonçalves Galvão Patricia , de los Santos Cecilia , Mitra Shubhajit , Heijo Gabriela , Sheu Shih‐Yi , Chen Wen‐Ming , Mareque Cintia , Zibetti Tadra‐Sfeir Michelle , Ivo Baldani J. , Maluk Marta , Paula Guimarães Ana , Stacey Gary , de Souza Emanuel M. , Pedrosa Fabio O. , Magalhães Cruz Leonardo , James Euan K. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe genome of Azoarcus olearius DQS‐4T, a N2‐fixing Betaproteobacterium isolated from oil‐contaminated soil in Taiwan, was sequenced and compared with other Azoarcus strains. The genome sequence showed high synteny with Azoarcus sp. BH72, a model endophytic diazotroph, but low synteny with five non‐plant‐associated strains (Azoarcus CIB, Azoarcus EBN1, Azoarcus KH32C, A. toluclasticus MF63T and Azoarcus PA01). Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) revealed that DQS‐4T shares 98.98% identity with Azoarcus BH72, which should now be included in the species A. olearius. The genome of DQS‐4T contained several genes related to plant colonization and plant growth promotion, such as nitrogen fixation, plant adhesion and root surface colonization. In accordance with the presence of these genes, DQS‐4T colonized rice (Oryza sativa) and Setaria viridis, where it was observed within the intercellular spaces and aerenchyma mainly of the roots. Although they promote the growth of grasses, the mechanism(s) of plant growth promotion by A. olearius strains is unknown, as the genomes of DQS‐4T and BH72 do not contain genes for indole acetic acid (IAA) synthesis nor phosphate solubilization. In spite of its original source, both the genome and behaviour of DQS‐4T suggest that it has the capacity to be an endophytic, nitrogen‐fixing plant growth‐promoting bacterium.
A permutation approach for inferring species networks from gene trees in polyploid complexes by minimising deep coalescences
Authors: Oberprieler Christoph , Wagner Florian , Tomasello Salvatore , Konowalik Kamil 
Published: November 2016

SummaryContext and purpose. Due to ubiquity of polyploid species formation in angiosperms, reconstructing the evolutionary history of polyploid complexes is at the forefront of methodological field of activity in molecular phylogenetics and systematic botany. The advent of multilocus species tree reconstruction approaches motivated by next‐generation sequencing methods pave the way to species network inference methods, with which phylogenetics could accommodate to the necessity for reconstructing reticulate relationships among diploids and (allo‐)polyploids in an objective manner, simultaneously taking into account gene tree incongruences caused by incomplete lineage sorting and hybridisation.Methods used. The present contribution describes a relatively simple and fast workflow pipeline for the reconstruction of species networks in polyploid complexes based on multilocus gene trees. It uses a permutation strategy and a parsimony‐based principle in species tree reconstruction (Minimising Deep Coalescences,MDC) for the assignment of homoeologs to parental genomes in allopolyploids, which is a crucial step in species network inference for polyploid complexes. Simulations with varying effective population sizes, different temporal scenarios for diploid or polyploid formations and different types of allopolyploid speciation (sister‐species diploids, non‐sister diploids or polyploidisation under participation of ancestral diploids) are used to assess the reliability of the reconstruction.Main results. Simulations show that the proposed method leads to trustworthy reconstructions if effective populations sizes are not too large and divergences among ancestral taxa are not too shallow. The applicability of our method to a real data set is demonstrated by inferring the reticulate relationships among diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid representatives of the genusLeucanthemopsis(Compositae, Anthemideae) based on gene tree topologies from four nuclear single‐copy genes and two plastidic intergenic spacer regions.Conclusion. The proposedMDC‐based method for species network reconstruction in polyploids is fast and manages to trustworthily reconstruct parentage in polyploidisation events. Concerns with and possible improvements of the described method are discussed.
Chloroprocaine 10 mg/ml for low‐dose spinal anaesthesia in perianal surgery – a randomised dose finding study
Authors: Gebhardt V. , Mueller‐Hansen L. , Schwarz A. , Bussen D. , Weiss C. , Schmittner M. D. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundLow‐dose spinal anaesthesia is a safe and reliable anaesthesia technique in outpatient perianal surgery. Regarding its short duration of action and its trend to hyperbaric characteristics, plain chloroprocaine 10 mg/ml seems to be ideal to perform low‐dose spinal anaesthesia. The aim of this trial was to determine the optimal dosage of chloroprocaine for this indication.MethodsHundred and twenty patients undergoing perianal surgery were enrolled and randomly allocated to receive 10, 20 or 30 mg of chloroprocaine 10 mg/ml intrathecally. Patients had to sit upright for at least 10 min after injection. We measured the expansion of sensory and motor block and the times until voiding, walking without assistance and home discharge.ResultsThe expansion of the sensory (P ≤ 0.0059) and the motor block (P ≤ 0.0086) gained with increasing doses. At a dose of 30 mg the incidence of a profound, clinically relevant motor block was significantly higher compared to 10 and 20 mg (P ≤ 0.0004). In the 10 mg group two patients suffered from nociceptive pain due to an incomplete block and five patients announced discomfort during procedure. Doses of 10 and 20 mg led to a significantly earlier discharge compared to 30 mg (P = 0.0003; P = 0.0406).ConclusionPlain chloroprocaine 10 mg/ml can successfully be used for low‐dose spinal anaesthesia in perianal outpatient surgery. Regarding the unfavourable motor block and later discharge‐times in the 30 mg group on the one hand and the block‐failures in the 10 mg group on the other, 20 mg can be recommended as the optimal dose.
An observational study of the macro‐ and micro‐haemodynamic implications of epidural anaesthesia in children
Authors: Triffterer L. , Marhofer P. , Lechner G. , Marksz T. C. , Kimberger O. , Schmid W. , Marhofer D. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe haemodynamic implications of epidural anaesthesia in children are poorly documented. We report macro‐ and micro‐haemodynamic data from an observational study of 25 children ranging from neonates to six‐years old, who underwent surgery conducted with a specific combination of monitoring systems. We analysed 90 min of study‐related monitoring after epidural catheterisation, with skin incision taking place after around 30 min. We recorded macrohaemodynamic parameters (monitored using LiDCOrapid) including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, systemic vascular resistance and stroke volume variation. Microhaemodynamic parameters (monitored using Invos™) included cerebral and peri‐renal oxygenation. Based on the entire 90 min of study‐related monitoring, we found significant increases in cardiac output (p = 0.009), stroke volume (p = 0.006) and stroke volume variation (p = 0.008), as well as decreases in systemic vascular resistance (p = 0.007) around 30 min after epidural blockade. There were no significant changes in heart rate, arterial pressure and cerebral or peri‐renal oxygenation during these 90 min. Considering that the microhaemodynamic parameters were not affected by the macrohaemodynamic changes, we conclude that autoregulation of the brain and the kidneys was maintained in children under epidural anaesthesia.
Statin use and risk of endometrial cancer: a nationwide registry‐based case–control study
Authors: Sperling Cecilie D. , Verdoodt Freija , Friis Søren , Dehlendorff Christian , Kjaer Susanne K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionLaboratory and epidemiological evidence have suggested that statin use may protect against the development of certain cancers, including endometrial cancer. In a nationwide registry‐based case–control study, we examined the association between statin use and risk of endometrial cancer.Material and methodsCases were female residents of Denmark with a primary diagnosis of endometrial cancer during 2000–2009. For each case, we selected 15 female population controls matched on date of birth (±one month) using risk‐set sampling. Ever use of statin was defined as two or more prescriptions on separate dates. Conditional logistic regressions were used to estimate age‐matched (by design) and multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for endometrial cancer associated with statin use. The multivariable‐adjusted models included parity, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), obesity, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and education. We evaluated whether the association between statin use and endometrial cancer varied with duration and intensity of statin use, type of endometrial cancer or patient characteristics.ResultsThe study population comprised 5382 endometrial cancer cases and 72 127 population controls. We observed no association between ever use of statins and endometrial cancer risk (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.94–1.14). In addition, endometrial cancer risk did not vary substantially with duration or intensity of statin use. Stratification by type of endometrial cancer also yielded neutral ORs.ConclusionsIn our nationwide case–control study, we found no association between statin use and risk of endometrial cancer.
Consensus report: faecal microbiota transfer – clinical applications and procedures
Authors: König J. , Siebenhaar A. , Högenauer C. , Arkkila P. , Nieuwdorp M. , Norén T. , Ponsioen C. Y. , Rosien U. , Rossen N. G. , Satokari R. , Stallmach A. , de Vos W. , Keller J. , Brummer R. J. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundFaecal microbiota transplantation or transfer (FMT) aims at replacing or reinforcing the gut microbiota of a patient with the microbiota from a healthy donor. Not many controlled or randomised studies have been published evaluating the use of FMT for other diseases than Clostridium difficile infection, making it difficult for clinicians to decide on a suitable indication.AimTo provide an expert consensus on current clinical indications, applications and methodological aspects of FMT.MethodsWell‐acknowledged experts from various countries in Europe have contributed to this article. After literature review, consensus has been achieved by repetitive circulation of the statements and the full manuscript among all authors with intermittent adaptation to comments (using a modified Delphi process). Levels of evidence and agreement were rated according to the GRADE system. Consensus was defined a priori as agreement by at least 75% of the authors.ResultsKey recommendations include the use of FMT in recurrent C. difficile infection characterised by at least two previous standard treatments without persistent cure, as well as its consideration in severe and severe‐complicated C. difficile infection as an alternative to total colectomy in case of early failure of antimicrobial therapy. FMT in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and metabolic syndrome should only be performed in research settings.ConclusionsFaecal microbiota transplantation or transfer is a promising treatment for a variety of diseases in which the intestinal microbiota is disturbed. For indications other than C. difficile infection, more evidence is needed before more concrete recommendations can be made.
Electrocardiogram Alterations Associated With Psychotropic Drug Use and CACNA1C Gene Variants in Three Independent Samples
Authors: Fabbri Chiara , Boriani Giuseppe , Diemberger Igor , Filippi Maria Giulia , Ravegnini Gloria , Hrelia Patrizia , Minarini Alessandro , Albani Diego , Forloni Gianluigi , Angelini Sabrina , Serretti Alessandro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSeveral antipsychotics and antidepressants have been associated with QTc prolongation or other electrocardiogram (ECG) alterations, but their impact is still debated and other risk factors are known to affect QTc. We investigated the effect of antidepressants and antipsychotics on QTc and other ECG intervals/waves in three samples. Two discovery samples (cross‐sectional sample n = 145 and prospective sample n = 68, naturalistic treatment) and a replication prospective sample (Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness, n = 515, randomized treatment) were analysed. In both prospective samples, baseline/follow‐up changes in ECG parameters were analysed in relation to the number of psychotropic drugs stratified according to their known cardiovascular risk. In the cross‐sectional sample, ECG parameters were compared among drugs with different risk profile. The possible effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CACNA1C gene on QTc was also investigated. There was no evidence of mean QTc prolongation or increased risk of clinically relevant QTc prolongation (≥20 msec.) in association with psychotropic drugs stratified according to their known cardiovascular risk. The prescription of drugs with cardiovascular risk was less common in older individuals or individuals with cardiovascular comorbidities. Other factors (gender, baseline QTc, renal function) affected QTc. rs1006737 and SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with it modulated QTc duration/changes in all samples. An association between risk drugs and shorter RR interval or higher heart rate was found in all samples. A relevant effect of psychotropic drugs with cardiovascular risk on QTc duration was not observed. A number of factors other than psychotropic drugs may influence QTc. CACNA1C rs1006737 may modulate QTc in patients treated with psychotropic drugs.
Estimation of the Optimal Regime in Treatment of Prostate Cancer Recurrence from Observational Data Using Flexible Weighting Models
Authors: Shen Jincheng , Wang Lu , Taylor Jeremy M. G. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Prostate cancer patients are closely followed after the initial therapy and salvage treatment may be prescribed to prevent or delay cancer recurrence. The salvage treatment decision is usually made dynamically based on the patient's evolving history of disease status and other time-dependent clinical covariates. A multi-center prostate cancer observational study has provided us data on longitudinal prostate specific antigen (PSA) measurements, time-varying salvage treatment, and cancer recurrence time. These data enable us to estimate the best dynamic regime of salvage treatment, while accounting for the complicated confounding of time-varying covariates present in the data. A Random Forest based method is used to model the probability of regime adherence and inverse probability weights are used to account for the complexity of selection bias in regime adherence. The optimal regime is then identified by the largest restricted mean survival time. We conduct simulation studies with different PSA trends to mimic both simple and complex regime adherence mechanisms. The proposed method can efficiently accommodate complex and possibly unknown adherence mechanisms, and it is robust to cases where the proportional hazards assumption is violated. We apply the method to data collected from the observational study and estimate the best salvage treatment regime in managing the risk of prostate cancer recurrence.
Model Averaged Double Robust Estimation
Authors: Cefalu Matthew , Dominici Francesca , Arvold Nils , Parmigiani Giovanni 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Researchers estimating causal effects are increasingly challenged with decisions on how to best control for a potentially high-dimensional set of confounders. Typically, a single propensity score model is chosen and used to adjust for confounding, while the uncertainty surrounding which covariates to include into the propensity score model is often ignored, and failure to include even one important confounder will results in bias. We propose a practical and generalizable approach that overcomes the limitations described above through the use of model averaging. We develop and evaluate this approach in the context of double robust estimation. More specifically, we introduce the model averaged double robust (MA-DR) estimators, which account for model uncertainty in both the propensity score and outcome model through the use of model averaging. The MA-DR estimators are defined as weighted averages of double robust estimators, where each double robust estimator corresponds to a specific choice of the outcome model and the propensity score model. The MA-DR estimators extend the desirable double robustness property by achieving consistency under the much weaker assumption that either the true propensity score model or the true outcome model be within a specified, possibly large, class of models. Using simulation studies, we also assessed small sample properties, and found that MA-DR estimators can reduce mean squared error substantially, particularly when the set of potential confounders is large relative to the sample size. We apply the methodology to estimate the average causal effect of temozolomide plus radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone on one-year survival in a cohort of 1887 Medicare enrollees who were diagnosed with glioblastoma between June 2005 and December 2009.
Antigen specificity determines anti‐red blood cell IgG‐Fc alloantibody glycosylation and thereby severity of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
Authors: Sonneveld Myrthe E. , Koelewijn Joke , de Haas Masja , Admiraal Jon , Plomp Rosina , Koeleman Carolien A. M. , Hipgrave Ederveen Agnes L. , Ligthart Peter , Wuhrer Manfred , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Vidarsson Gestur 
Published: November 2016

SummaryHaemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a severe disease in which fetal red blood cells (RBC) are destroyed by maternal anti‐RBC IgG alloantibodies. HDFN is most often caused by anti‐D but may also occur due to anti‐K, ‐c‐ or ‐E. We recently found N‐linked glycosylation of anti‐D to be skewed towards low fucosylation, thereby increasing the affinity to IgG‐Fc receptor IIIa and IIIb, which correlated with HDFN disease severity. Here, we analysed 230 pregnant women with anti‐c, ‐E or –K alloantibodies from a prospective screening cohort and investigated the type of Fc‐tail glycosylation of these antibodies in relation to the trigger of immunisation and pregnancy outcome. Anti‐c, ‐E and –K show – independent of the event that had led to immunisation – a different kind of Fc‐glycosylation compared to that of the total IgG fraction, but with less pronounced differences compared to anti‐D. High Fc‐galactosylation and sialylation of anti‐c correlated with HDFN disease severity, while low anti‐K Fc‐fucosylation correlated with severe fetal anaemia. IgG‐Fc glycosylation of anti‐RBC antibodies is shaped depending on the antigen. These features influence their clinical potency and may therefore be used to predict severity and identify those needing treatment.
Comprehensive genetic characterization of rosette‐forming glioneuronal tumors: independent component analysis by tissue microdissection
Authors: Kitamura Yohei , Komori Takashi , Shibuya Makoto , Ohara Kentaro , Saito Yuko , Hayashi Saeko , Sasaki Aya , Nakagawa Eiji , Tomio Ryosuke , Kakita Akiyoshi , Nakatsukasa Masashi , Yoshida Kazunari , Sasaki Hikaru 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA rosette‐forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) is a rare mixed neuronal‐glial tumor characterized by biphasic architecture of glial and neurocytic components. The number of reports of genetic analyses of RGNTs is few. Additionally, the genetic background of the unique biphasic pathological characteristics of such mixed neuronal‐glial tumors remains unclear. To clarify the genetic background of RGNTs, we performed separate comprehensive genetic analyses of glial and neurocytic components of five RGNTs, by tissue microdissection. Two missense mutations in FGFR1 in both components of two cases, and one mutation in PIK3CA in both components of one case, were detected. In the latter case with PIK3CA mutation, the additional FGFR1 mutation was detected only in the glial component. Moreover, the loss of chromosome 13q in only the neurocytic component was observed in one other case. Their results suggested that RGNTs, which are tumors harboring two divergent differentiations that arose from a single clone, have a diverse genetic background. Although previous studies have suggested that RGNTs and pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) represent the same tumor entity, their results confirm that the genetic background of RGNTs is not identical to that of PA.