bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineralogy of iron sulfides in CM1 and CI1 lithologies of the Kaidun breccia: Records of extreme to intense hydrothermal alteration
Authors: Harries Dennis , Zolensky Michael E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe polymict Kaidun microbreccia contains lithologies of C‐type chondrites with euhedral iron sulfide crystals of hydrothermal origin. Our FIB‐TEM study reveals that acicular sulfides in a CM1 lithology are composed of Fe‐rich pyrrhotite with nonintegral vacancy superstructures (NC‐pyrrhotite), troilite, and pentlandite, all showing distinct exsolution textures. Based on phase relations in the Fe‐Ni‐S system, we constrain the temperature of formation of the originally homogeneous monosulfide solid solution to the range of 100–300 °C. In some crystals the exsolution of pentlandite and the microtextural equilibration was incomplete, probably due to rapid cooling. We use thermodynamic modeling to constrain the physicochemical conditions of the extreme hydrothermal alteration in this lithology. Unless the CM1 lithology was sourced from a large depth in the parent body (internal pressure >85 bar) or the temperatures were in the lower range of the interval determined, the water was likely present as vapor. Previously described light δ34S compositions of sulfides in Kaidun's CM1 lithology are likely due to the loss of 34S‐enriched H2S during boiling. Platy sulfide crystals in an adjacent, intensely altered CI1 lithology are composed of Fe‐poor, monoclinic 4C‐pyrrhotite and NC‐pyrrhotite and probably formed at lower temperatures and higher fS2 relative to the CM1 lithology. However, a better understanding of the stability of Fe‐poor pyrrhotites at temperatures below 300 °C is required to better constrain these conditions.
The role of combined 24‐h multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH monitoring in the evaluation of children with gastrointestinal symptoms suggesting gastro‐esophageal reflux disease
Authors: Hojsak I. , Ivković L. , Trbojević T. , Pavić I. , Jadrešin O. , Mišak Z. , Kolaček S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the role of multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH (pH‐MII) monitoring in the diagnosis of gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children who presented with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in comparison with the results of pH‐metry alone and endoscopy.MethodsAll children who underwent pH‐MII monitoring due to GI symptoms, suggestive of GERD, from October 2013 to October 2015 in Children's Hospital Zagreb, were retrospectively enrolled in the study. The cohort was divided into three groups according to age – group 1: children <1 year of age; group 2: 1–9 years of age; and group 3: ≥9 years of age.Key ResultsOne hundred thirty‐three patients met our inclusion criteria (73 female/60 male; mean age 9.2 years [0.19–18.0]). Gastro‐esophageal reflux disease was determined in 44 of 133 patients (33.1%) by pH‐MII and only in 21 of 133 patients (15.8%) by pH‐metry alone. Endoscopy was performed in 77 (57.9%) children and esophagitis was found in 32/77 (41.6%). The finding of esophagitis significantly correlated with the number of total reflux episodes (coef. 0.42, p < 0.001), acidic (coef. 0.26, p = 0.02), weakly acidic (coef. 0.3, p = 0.008) and non‐acidic (coef. 0.26, p = 0.02) reflux episodes detected by pH‐MII; but, no correlation was found to reflux episodes detected by pH‐metry alone (coef. 0.21, p = 0.07).Conclusions & InferencesCompared with pH‐metry alone, pH‐MII performed significantly better in the detection of GERD in all age groups. On the basis of our data, pH‐MII had a strong correlation with endoscopically confirmed esophagitis.
Aquaporin‐mediated long‐distance polyphosphate translocation directed towards the host in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: application of virus‐induced gene silencing
Authors: Kikuchi Yusuke , Hijikata Nowaki , Ohtomo Ryo , Handa Yoshihiro , Kawaguchi Masayoshi , Saito Katsuharu , Masuta Chikara , Ezawa Tatsuhiro 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi translocate polyphosphate through hyphae over a long distance to deliver to the host. More than three decades ago, suppression of host transpiration was found to decelerate phosphate delivery of the fungal symbiont, leading us to hypothesize that transpiration provides a primary driving force for polyphosphate translocation, probably via creating hyphal water flow in which fungal aquaporin(s) may be involved.

The impact of transpiration suppression on polyphosphate translocation through hyphae of Rhizophagus clarus was evaluated. An aquaporin gene expressed in intraradical mycelia was characterized and knocked down by virus‐induced gene silencing to investigate the involvement of the gene in polyphosphate translocation.

Rhizophagus clarus aquaporin 3 (RcAQP3) that was most highly expressed in intraradical mycelia encodes an aquaglyceroporin responsible for water transport across the plasma membrane. Knockdown of RcAQP3 as well as the suppression of host transpiration decelerated polyphosphate translocation in proportion to the levels of knockdown and suppression, respectively.

These results provide the first insight into the mechanism underlying long‐distance polyphosphate translocation in mycorrhizal associations at the molecular level, in which host transpiration and the fungal aquaporin play key roles. A hypothetical model of the translocation is proposed for further elucidation of the mechanism.
Exploring genetic diversity of rice cultivars for the presence of brown planthopper (BPH) resistance genes and development of SNP marker for Bph18
Authors: Ramkumar Gandhimani , Prahalada G. D. , Hechanova Sherry Lou , Kim Sung‐Ryul , Jena Kshirod K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBrown planthopper (BPH) is the most devastating insect pest in rice‐growing areas. Information on availability of BPH resistance alleles and their sources enhances BPH‐resistant breeding programmes. In this study, 260 highly diversified rice cultivars or breeding lines were screened for the presence of five major BPH resistance genes (Bph10, Bph13, Bph18, Bph20 and Bph21) using gene‐specific markers. The analysis revealed that 137 of the 260 cultivars possess at least one BPH resistance gene. Bph10 was predominant while Bph20 was the least distributed. Moreover, two and three different resistance gene combinations were found in the cultivars. Molecular markers play an important role in molecular breeding programmes. A tightly linked PCR‐based co‐dominant Bph18 marker was developed, which is cost effective and time effective and simpler than available Bph18 CAPS marker (7312.T4A). We strongly believe that the identified BPH‐resistant cultivars can be used as alternative resistance gene sources and also as resource for novel BPH resistance genes. The developed Bph18 marker will be highly useful in molecular breeding applications of BPH‐resistant breeding programmes.
Monitoring of local CD8β‐expressing cell populations during Eimeria tenella infection of naïve and immune chickens
Authors: Wattrang E. , Thebo P. , Lundén A. , Dalgaard T. S. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to monitor abundance and activation of local CD8β‐expressing T‐cell populations during Eimeria tenella infections of naïve chickens and chickens immune by previous infections. Chickens were infected with E. tenella up to three times. Caecal T‐cell receptor (TCR) γ/δ‐CD8β+ cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes; CTL) and TCRγ/δ+CD8β+ cells were characterized with respect to activation markers (blast transformation, CD25 and cell surface CD107a). Cells were also induced to degranulate in vitro as a measure of activation potential. Major findings included a prominent long‐lasting, up to 6 weeks, increase in the proportion of CTL among caecal CD45+ cells in the later stages after primary E. tenella infection. These CTL also showed clear signs of activation, that is blast transformation and increased in vitro induced degranulation. At second and third E. tenella infection, chickens showed strong protective immunity but discrete signs of cellular activation were observed, for example increased in vitro induced degranulation of CTL. Thus, primary E. tenella infection induced clear recruitment and activation of local CTL. Upon subsequent infections of strongly immune chickens cellular changes were less prominent, possibly due to lower overall numbers of cells being activated because of the severe restriction of parasite replication.
A Longitudinal Study of Racial Discrimination and Risk for Death Ideation in African American Youth
Authors: Walker Rheeda , Francis David , Brody Gene , Simons Ronald , Cutrona Carolyn , Gibbons Frederick 
Published: May 2016

Although multiple studies have found that African Americans commonly experience racial discrimination, available studies have yet to examine how perceived racism might be related to suicide vulnerability in African American youth. The purpose of this study was to examine a framework for how perceived racial discrimination contributes to symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as subsequent suicide ideation and morbid ideation. Data were obtained from 722 African American youth at mean age 10.56 years (SD = 0.64); a second wave of data was obtained 2 years later. Results revealed both a direct effect and mediated effects of perceived racism on later suicide and morbid ideation. For boys and girls, the effect of perceived racism was mediated by symptoms of depression. However, the association was mediated by anxiety for girls, but not for boys in the current sample. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed.
RAD‐seq phylogenomics recovers a well‐resolved phylogeny of a rapid radiation of mutualistic and antagonistic yucca moths
Authors: DARWELL CLIVE T. , RIVERS DAVID M. , ALTHOFF DAVID M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe interaction between yucca plants and yucca moths has been one of the focal model systems investigated in the study of pollination mutualism and coevolution, especially in terms of understanding the prevention of overexploitation by mutualist partners. Yuccas have the ability to assess the number of eggs placed by pollinators into their ovaries, and can preferentially abort those flowers that would have many moth larvae consuming yucca seeds. Previous phylogenetic research identified a rapid radiation of moth species that corresponded with shifts in the interaction with their host plants. These shifts led to the evolution of moth species that circumvent the egg detection method used by yuccas to limit seed damage. In particular, some pollinator species deposit their eggs so that they are undetectable by the plants, whereas other species are ‘cheaters’ that have lost the ability to pollinate, yet deposit eggs into developing fruit rather than flowers. The evolution of these new species happened so quickly that the phylogeny of the moths has remained unresolved despite repeated attempts with standard Sanger sequencing of mtDNA loci and AFLP marker generation. Here, we use extensive analyses of RAD‐seq data to determine the phylogenetic relationships among yucca moth species. The results provide a robust phylogenetic framework that identifies the evolutionary relationships among shifts in egg‐laying strategies, as well as determining the closest pollinating relatives to the cheater species. Based on the obtained phylogeny, a shift in egg‐laying strategy that avoided the overexploitation regulatory mechanism used by yucca plants was a precursor for the evolution of two species with cheating behaviour.
Cover Image, Volume 14, Issue 2
Authors: Finotello R. , Ressel L. , Arvigo M. , Baroni G. , Marchetti V. , Romanelli G. , Burrow R. , Mignacca D. , Blackwood L. 
Published: May 2016

The cover image, by Riccardo Finotello et al., is based on the Original Article Canine pancreatic islet cell tumours secreting insulin‐like growth factor type 2 (IGF‐II): a rare entity, DOI: 10.1111/vco.12085.
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Quality of life assessment in dogs and cats receiving chemotherapy – a review of current methods
Authors: Vøls Kåre K. , Heden Martin A. , Kristensen Annemarie T. , Sandøe Peter 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to review currently reported methods of assessing the effects of chemotherapy on the quality of life (QoL) of canine and feline patients and to explore novel ways to assessQoLin such patients in the light of the experience to date in human pediatric oncology. A qualitative comparative analysis of published papers on the effects of chemotherapy onQoLin dogs and cats were conducted. This was supplemented with a comparison of the parameters and domains used in veterinaryQoL‐assessments with those used in the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) questionnaire designed to assessQoLin toddlers. Each of the identified publications includingQoL‐assessment in dogs and cats receiving chemotherapy applied a different method ofQoL‐assessment. In addition, the veterinaryQoL‐assessments were mainly focused on physical clinical parameters, whereas the emotional (6/11), social (4/11) and role (4/11) domains were less represented.QoL‐assessment of cats and dogs receiving chemotherapy is in its infancy. The most commonly reported method to assessQoLwas questionnaire based and mostly included physical and clinical parameters. Standardizing and including a complete range of potentially relevant parameters in futureQoLassessments may benefit owner decision making.
Physical Predictors of Elite Skeleton Start Performance
Authors: Colyer Steffi L. , Stokes Keith A. , Bilzon James L.J. , Cardinale Marco , Salo Aki I.T. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:An extensive battery of physical tests is typically employed to evaluate athletic status and/or development, often resulting in a multitude of output variables. The authors aimed to identify independent physical predictors of elite skeleton start performance to overcome the general problem of practitioners employing multiple tests with little knowledge of their predictive utility.Methods:Multiple 2-d testing sessions were undertaken by 13 high-level skeleton athletes across a 24-wk training season and consisted of flexibility, dry-land push-track, sprint, countermovement-jump, and leg-press tests. To reduce the large number of output variables to independent factors, principal-component analysis (PCA) was conducted. The variable most strongly correlated to each component was entered into a stepwise multiple-regression analysis, and K-fold validation assessed model stability.Results:PCA revealed 3 components underlying the physical variables: sprint ability, lower-limb power, and strength–power characteristics. Three variables that represented these components (unresisted 15-m sprint time, 0-kg jump height, and leg-press force at peak power, respectively) significantly contributed (P < .01) to the prediction (R2 = .86, 1.52% standard error of estimate) of start performance (15-m sled velocity). Finally, the K-fold validation revealed the model to be stable (predicted vs actual R2 = .77; 1.97% standard error of estimate).Conclusions:Only 3 physical-test scores were needed to obtain a valid and stable prediction of skeleton start ability. This method of isolating independent physical variables underlying performance could improve the validity and efficiency of athlete monitoring, potentially benefitting sport scientists, coaches, and athletes alike.
The Effects of Plyometric Training on Change-of-Direction Ability: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Asadi Abbas , Arazi Hamid , Young Warren B. , de Villarreal Eduardo Sáez 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:To show a clear picture about the possible variables of enhancements of change-of-direction (COD) ability using longitudinal plyometric-training (PT) studies and determine specific factors that influence the training effects.Methods:A computerized search was performed, and 24 articles with a total of 46 effect sizes (ESs) in an experimental group and 25 ESs in a control group were reviewed to analyze the role of various factors on the impact of PT on COD performance.Results:The results showed that participants with good fitness levels obtained greater improvements in COD performance (P < .05), and basketball players gained more benefits of PT than other athletes. Also, men obtained COD results similar to those of women after PT. In relation to the variables of PT design, it appears that 7 wk (with 2 sessions/wk) using moderate intensity and 100 jumps per training session with a 72-h rest interval tends to improve COD ability. Performing PT with a combination of different types of plyometric exercises such as drop jumps + vertical jumps + standing long jumps is better than 1 form of exercise.Conclusion:It is apparent that PT can be effective at improving COD ability. The loading parameters are essential for exercise professionals, coaches, and strength and conditioning professionals with regard to the most appropriate dose-response trends to optimize plyometric-induced COD-ability gains.
Single-Leg Power Output and Between-Limbs Imbalances in Team-Sport Players: Unilateral Versus Bilateral Combined Resistance Training
Authors: Gonzalo-Skok Oliver , Tous-Fajardo Julio , Suarez-Arrones Luis , Arjol-Serrano José Luis , Casajús José Antonio , Mendez-Villanueva Alberto 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:To compare the effects of unilateral and bilateral resistance training on single-leg power output, between-limbs imbalance (BLI), bilateral deficit (BLD), change of direction (COD), and linear sprinting and jumping performance in young elite basketball players.Methods:Twenty-two young (U-16–U-19) male basketball players were randomly assigned either to an exclusive unilateral (UNI) (n = 11) or a bilateral (BIL) (n = 11) resistance-training group during a 6-wk period. Both groups training consisted of 3 unilateral or bilateral 90° back-squat sets. A postdetermined number of repetitions was set until power output dropped to <10% of maximum power (MP) output. In addition, both groups performed 2 sets of 5 unilateral or bilateral drop jumps and 2 sets of 5 unilateral or bilateral countermovement jumps (CMJ). Pre- and posttraining, performance was assessed by an incremental bilateral and unilateral squat-load test, a multiple-COD test (V-cut test), a 15-m-sprint test (7.5 + 7.5 m) with one 180° COD performed with both right (180° RCOD) and left (180° LCOD) legs, a 25-m-sprint test (5- and 15-m split time), and a CMJ test.Results:Within-group analyses showed substantial improvements in 180° RCOD, bilateral and unilateral MP, 25-m-sprint test, and CMJ in both groups. Between-groups analyses showed substantially better results in 180° LCOD, MP with right and left legs, BLI, and BLD in UNI than in BIL.Conclusions:Both training programs substantially improved most of the physical-fitness tests, but only UNI reduced between-limbs asymmetry and achieved greater enhancements in actions that mostly required applying force unilaterally in basketball players.
Effect of ad Libitum Ice-Slurry and Cold-Fluid Ingestion on Cycling Time-Trial Performance in the Heat
Authors: Maunder Ed , Laursen Paul B. , Kilding Andrew E. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:To compare the physiological and performance effects of ad libitum cold-fluid (CF) and ice-slurry (IS) ingestion on cycling time-trial (TT) performance in the heat.Methods:Seven well-trained male triathletes and cyclists completed 2 maximaleffort 40-km cycling TTs in hot (35°C) and humid (60% relative humidity) conditions. In randomized order, participants ingested CF or IS (initial temperatures 4°C and –1°C, respectively) ad libitum during exercise. At each 5-km interval, time elapsed, power output, rectal and skin temperature, heart rate, and perceptual measures were recorded. The actual CF and IS temperatures during the 40-km TT were determined post hoc.Results:Performance time (2.5% ± 2.6%, ES = 0.27) and mean power (–2.2% ± 3.2%, ES = –0.15) were likely worse in the IS trial. Differences in thermoregulatory and cardiovascular measures were largely unclear between trials, while feeling state was worse in the later stages of the IS trial (ES = –0.31 to –0.95). Fluid-ingestion volume was very likely lower in the IS trial (–29.7% ± 19.4%, ES = –0.97). The temperatures of CF and IS increased by 0.37°C/min and 0.02°C/min, respectively, over the mean TT duration.Conclusions:Ad libitum ingestion of CF resulted in improved 40-km cycling TT performance compared with IS. Participants chose greater fluid-ingestion rates in the CF trial than in the IS trial and had improved feeling state. These findings suggest that ad libitum CF ingestion is preferable to IS during cycling TTs under conditions of environmental heat stress.
Relationship Between Blood Flow and Performance Recovery: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Borne Rachel , Hausswirth Christophe , Bieuzen François 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:To investigate the effect of different limb blood-flow levels on cycling-performance recovery, blood lactate concentration, and heart rate.Methods:Thirty-three high-intensity intermittent-trained athletes completed two 30-s Wingate anaerobic test sessions, 3 × 30-s (WAnT 1–3) and 1 × 30-s (WAnT 4), on a cycling ergometer. WAnT 1–3 and WAnT 4 were separated by a randomly assigned 24-min recovery intervention selected from among blood-flow restriction, passive rest, placebo stimulation, or neuromuscular electrical-stimulation-induced blood flow. Calf arterial inflow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography at regular intervals throughout the recovery period. Performance was measured in terms of peak and mean power output during WAnT 1 and WAnT 4.Results:After the recovery interventions, a large (r = .68 [90% CL .42; .83]) and very large (r = .72 (90% CL .49; .86]) positive correlation were observed between the change in calf arterial inflow and the change in mean and peak power output, respectively. Calf arterial inflow was significantly higher during the neuromuscular-electrical-stimulation recovery intervention than with the blood-flow-restriction, passive-rest, and placebo-stimulation interventions (P < .001). This corresponds to the only intervention that allowed performance recovery (P > .05). No recovery effect was linked to heart rate or blood lactate concentration levels.Conclusions:For the first time, these data support the existence of a positive correlation between an increase in blood flow and performance recovery between bouts of high-intensity exercise. As a practical consideration, this effect can be obtained by using neuromuscular electrical stimulation-induced blood flow since this passive, simple strategy could be easily applied during short-term recovery.