bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interface potential-induced natural antioxidant mimic system for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Liu Kangning , Ding Qi , Cao Doudou , Xi Enpeng , Zhao Yun , Gao Nan , Yang Yajie , Yuan Ye 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is still unknown, the molecular pathological phenomena is clear, mainly due to mitochondrial dysfunction and central nervous system inflammation caused by imbalanced antioxidant capacity and synaptic dysfunction, so antioxidant therapy is still the preferred treatment for AD. However, although antioxidant enzymes have high catalytic efficiency, the substrate spectrum is narrow; Antioxidants have wider range of effects, but their efficiency is low. Since the antioxidant defense system in high-grade organisms is composed of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems, therefore we synthesized a metal-organic framework (MOF) with superoxide dismutase activity, and depending on the interface potential effect, curcumin was loaded to construct a synergistic antioxidant treatment system. More importantly, due to the complementary surface electrostatic potential between MOF and curcumin, the system exhibited both good antioxidant activity and efficient β-amyloid plaque scavenging ability, which slowed down the cognitive dysfunction in the brain of AD mice.
The innate immune regulator MyD88 dampens fibrosis during zebrafish heart regeneration
Authors: Goumenaki Pinelopi , Günther Stefan , Kikhi Khrievono , Looso Mario , Marín-Juez Rubén , Stainier Didier Y. R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe innate immune response is triggered rapidly after injury and its spatiotemporal dynamics are critical for regeneration; however, many questions remain about its exact role. Here we show that MyD88, a key component of the innate immune response, controls not only the inflammatory but also the fibrotic response during zebrafish cardiac regeneration. We find in cryoinjured myd88−/− ventricles a significant reduction in neutrophil and macrophage numbers and the expansion of a collagen-rich endocardial population. Further analyses reveal compromised PI3K/AKT pathway activation in the myd88−/− endocardium and increased myofibroblasts and scarring. Notably, endothelial-specific overexpression of myd88 reverses these neutrophil, fibrotic and scarring phenotypes. Mechanistically, we identify the endocardial-derived chemokine gene cxcl18b as a target of the MyD88 signaling pathway, and using loss-of-function and gain-of-function tools, we show that it controls neutrophil recruitment. Altogether, these findings shed light on the pivotal role of MyD88 in modulating inflammation and fibrosis during tissue regeneration.
Enlightening the toxinological dark matter of spider venom enzymes
Authors: Dresler Josephine , Herzig Volker , Vilcinskas Andreas , Lüddecke Tim 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSpiders produce highly adapted venoms featuring a complex mixture of biomolecules used mainly for hunting and defense. The most prominent components are peptidic neurotoxins, a major focus of research and drug development, whereas venom enzymes have been largely neglected. Nevertheless, investigation of venom enzymes not only reveals insights into their biological functions, but also provides templates for future industrial applications. Here we compared spider venom enzymes validated at protein level contained in the VenomZone database and from all publicly available proteo-transcriptomic spider venom datasets. We assigned reported enzymes to cellular processes and known venom functions, including toxicity, prey pre-digestion, venom preservation, venom component activation, and spreading factors. Our study unveiled extensive discrepancy between public databases and publications with regard to enzyme coverage, which impedes the development of novel spider venom enzyme-based applications. Uncovering the previously unrecognized abundance and diversity of venom enzymes will open new avenues for spider venom biodiscovery.
Decoupled transcript and protein concentrations ensure histone homeostasis in different nutrients
Authors: Chatzitheodoridou Dimitra , Bureik Daniela , Padovani Francesco , Nadimpalli Kalyan V , Schmoller Kurt M 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo maintain protein homeostasis in changing nutrient environments, cells must precisely control the amount of their proteins, despite the accompanying changes in cell growth and biosynthetic capacity. As nutrients are major regulators of cell cycle length and progression, a particular challenge arises for the nutrient-dependent regulation of ‘cell cycle genes’, which are periodically expressed during the cell cycle. One important example are histones, which are needed at a constant histone-to-DNA stoichiometry. Here we show that budding yeast achieves histone homeostasis in different nutrients through a decoupling of transcript and protein abundance. We find that cells downregulate histone transcripts in poor nutrients to avoid toxic histone overexpression, but produce constant amounts of histone proteins through nutrient-specific regulation of translation efficiency. Our findings suggest that this allows cells to balance the need for rapid histone production under fast growth conditions with the tight regulation required to avoid toxic overexpression in poor nutrients.
ERK5 suppression overcomes FAK inhibitor resistance in mutant KRAS-driven non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Pozzato Chiara , Outeiro-Pinho Gonçalo , Galiè Mirco , Ramadori Giorgio , Konstantinidou Georgia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMutated KRAS serves as the oncogenic driver in 30% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and is associated with metastatic and therapy-resistant tumors. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) acts as a mediator in sustaining KRAS-driven lung tumors, and although FAK inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical development, clinical data indicated that their efficacy in producing long-term anti-tumor responses is limited. Here we revealed two FAK interactors, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), as key players underlying FAK-mediated maintenance of KRAS mutant NSCLC. Inhibition of ERK5 and CDK5 synergistically suppressed FAK function, decreased proliferation and induced apoptosis owing to exacerbated ROS-induced DNA damage. Accordingly, concomitant pharmacological inhibition of ERK5 and CDK5 in a mouse model of KrasG12D-driven lung adenocarcinoma suppressed tumor progression and promoted cancer cell death. Cancer cells resistant to FAK inhibitors showed enhanced ERK5-FAK signaling dampening DNA damage. Notably, ERK5 inhibition prevented the development of resistance to FAK inhibitors, significantly enhancing the efficacy of anti-tumor responses. Therefore, we propose ERK5 inhibition as a potential co-targeting strategy to counteract FAK inhibitor resistance in NSCLC.
Significant enhancement in the magnetic properties of Cr2Te3 nanosheets by atom substitution doping
Authors: Wang Juanjuan , Qin Bin , Li Huirong , Zhang Yuxin , Yang Huan , Wang Fang 
Published: September 2024

Ferromagnetic Cr2Te3 nanocrystals, with their high spin–orbit coupling and low symmetry, and the significant enhancement of their magnetic properties by doping, have attracted considerable attention as rare-earth-free magnetic nanomaterials.
MCM proteins are up-regulated in placentas of women with reduced insulin sensitivity
Authors: Bandres-Meriz Julia , Sanz-Cuadrado Marta Inmaculada , Hurtado de Mendoza Irene , Majali-Martinez Alejandro , Honeder Sophie Elisabeth , Cindrova-Davies Tereza , Birner-Gruenberger Ruth , Dalgaard Louise Torp , Desoye Gernot 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the first trimester of pregnancy the human placenta grows rapidly, making it sensitive to changes in the intrauterine environment. To test whether exposure to an environment in utero often associated with obesity modifies placental proteome and function, we performed untargeted proteomics (LC-MS/MS) in placentas from 19 women (gestational age 35–48 days, i.e. 5+0–6+6 weeks). Maternal clinical traits (body mass index, leptin, glucose, C-peptide and insulin sensitivity) and gestational age were recorded. DNA replication and cell cycle pathways were enriched in the proteome of placentas of women with low maternal insulin sensitivity. Driving these pathways were the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins MCM2, MCM3, MCM4, MCM5, MCM6 and MCM7 (MCM-complex). These proteins are part of the pre-replicative complex and participate in DNA damage repair. Indeed, MCM6 and γH2AX (DNA-damage marker) protein levels correlated in first trimester placental tissue (r = 0.514, P&lt;0.01). MCM6 and γH2AX co-localized to nuclei of villous cytotrophoblast cells, the proliferative cell type of the placenta, suggesting increased DNA damage in this cell type. To mimic key features of the intrauterine obesogenic environment, a first trimester trophoblast cell line, i.e., ACH-3P, was exposed to high insulin (10 nM) or low oxygen tension (2.5% O2). There was a significant correlation between MCM6 and γH2AX protein levels, but these were independent of insulin or oxygen exposure. These findings show that chronic exposure in utero to reduced maternal insulin sensitivity during early pregnancy induces changes in the early first trimester placental proteome. Pathways related to DNA replication, cell cycle and DNA damage repair appear especially sensitive to such an in utero environment.
Effect of Stellate Ganglion Block on Dysphagia and Cognitive Impairment in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Zeng Hongji , Zhao Weijia , Fang Lixuan , Pan Huoying , Huang Shaochun , Zeng Xi 
Published: September 2024

Backgrounds:
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) can potentially and frequently lead to dysphagia and cognitive impairment. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) can alleviate the symptoms by regulating neural pathways and improving cerebral blood circulation.

Objectives:
This study aimed to explore the clinical effect of SGB on airway protection, dysphagia, cognitive impairment, and activities of daily living (ADL) in CSVD patients.

Method:

This was a randomized controlled study conducted from February 2021 to May 2023, including 84 CSVD patients with dysphagia and cognitive impairment. The participants were randomly divided into the SGB group (
n
= 42) and the untreated group (
n
= 42). All received standard-of-care rehabilitation for 20 days. The SGB group received SGB once a day additionally. Assessments were conducted on Day 1 and Day 20, respectively. The Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) was primary outcome. Modified Barium Swallow Impairment (MBSImp), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and adverse events were secondary outcomes. This study was registered at
ClinicalTrials.gov
, Identifier: NCT06176404.

Results:

There were two dropout cases in the untreated group. Time effect with statistical significance was observed in all assessments (
p
< .05). Group effect with statistical significance was observed in the PAS (
z
= −17.283,
p
< .001), MBSImp-Oral (
z
= −3.382,
p
= .001), MBSImp-Pharyngeal (
z
= −2.639,
p
= .008), MMSE (
F
= 7.450,
p
= .008), and MBI (
F
= 6.408,
p
= .013). During the treatment, there were no severe adverse events.

Conclusion:
SGB can significantly and safely improve airway protection, dysphagia, cognitive function, and ADL in CSVD patients with dysphagia and cognitive impairment who received standard-of-care rehabilitation.
256‐level honey memristor‐based in‐memory neuromorphic system
Authors: Uppaluru Harshvardhan , Templin Zoe , Khan Mohammed Rafeeq , Faruque Md Omar , Zhao Feng , Wang Jinhui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPromising synaptic behaviour has been exhibited by memristors based on natural organic materials. Such memristor‐based neuromorphic systems offer notable benefits, including environmental sustainability, low production and disposal costs, non‐volatile storage capability, and bio/Complementary Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility. Here, a 256‐level honey memristor‐based neuromorphic system is experimentally evaluated for image recognition. In detail, first, 256‐level honey memristors are manufactured and tested based on in‐house technology; next, the non‐linear characteristics and inherent variation of honey memristor devices, which lead to imprecise weight updates and limit the inference accuracy, are investigated. Experimental results indicate that the inference accuracy of the 256‐level honey memristor‐based neuromorphic system is greater than 88% without cycle‐to‐cycle variations and 87% with cycle‐to‐cycle variations for different optimization algorithms. The overall performance of optimization algorithms with and without variation is compared in terms of energy and latency, where the momentum algorithm consistently outperforms the rest of the algorithms. This 256‐level honey memristor is a promising alternative enabling sustainable neuromorphic systems, encouraging further research into natural organic materials for neuromorphic computing.
Enhancing low‐light images with lightweight fused fixed‐directional filters network
Authors: Li Yang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeep learning has made significant progress in the field of low‐light image enhancement. However, challenges remain, such as the substantial parameter consumption required for effective image enhancement. Inspired by multi‐scale geometric transformations in image detail enhancement, a novel model called the fixed‐directional filters network is proposed. Fixed‐directional filters network takes the original image as input and employs multiple branches for parallel processing. One branch uses conventional convolutional layers to extract features from the original image, while the other branches apply non‐linear mapping layers based on wavelet transforms. These wavelet transform branches capture the multi‐scale information of the image by combining different directions and convolutional kernels and utilize a trainable custom gamma mapping layer for non‐linear modulation to enhance specific regions of the image. The feature maps processed by each branch are merged through concatenation operations and then passed through convolutional layers to output the enhanced image. Using trainable mapping functions alone to enhance details significantly reduces the reliance on convolutional layers, effectively lowering the model's parameter count to only 13k parameters. Additionally, experiments demonstrate that fixed‐directional filters network significantly improves image quality, particularly in capturing image details and enhancing image contrast.
Therapeutic Vaccination Strategies for Breast Cancer
Authors: Tegeler Christian M. , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Walz Juliane S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEven though the impact of the immune system on the clinical course of cancer has been known for decades, its role in the treatment of various tumor entities has often been given little consideration. In recent years, the treatment landscape for breast cancer has undergone significant changes. Routine treatment has been revolutionized, in particular, by the use of T cell-based immunotherapies in the form of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). While this underscores the importance of the immune system in the treatment of breast cancer, other T cell-based immunotherapies, such as therapeutic vaccines, do still not play a significant role in clinical practice. In recent years, numerous studies on various vaccine candidates have been conducted, some of which have demonstrated a successful induction of an immune response. The selection of antigens and routes of administration/adjuvants capable of inducing long-lasting and clinically effective T cell responses remains a key challenge. The combination of ICIs with therapeutic vaccines could also hold promise for the future, by enhancing the specificity of the T cell response and thus augmenting the anti-tumor effect.
A Validated Calculator to Estimate Risk of Chorioamnionitis in Laboring and Induced Patients at Term
Authors: Slagle Helen B. Gomez , Caplan Richard , Kawakita Tetsuya , Sciscione Anthony C. , Hoffman Matthew K. 
Published: September 2024

Objective Chorioamnionitis is associated with neonatal morbidity and infection-related mortality, but our ability to predict intrapartum infection is limited. We sought to derive and validate a prediction model for chorioamnionitis among patients presenting to labor and delivery at term.
Study Design This was a planned secondary analysis of a large cohort study from 2014 through 2018 at an academic tertiary care center. To derive a prediction model for chorioamnionitis, we limited our analysis to full-term (≥37 weeks) patients with a singleton gestation undergoing labor induction and presenting in labor. Both nulliparous and multiparous patients were included. Patients with a planned cesarean delivery, fever on admission, or missing data were excluded. The model was derived using multivariable logistic regression. Refinement of the prediction model with internal calibration was performed. External validation was performed utilizing a publicly available database (Consortium on Safe Labor) and applying the same inclusion and exclusion criteria. The discriminative power of each model was assessed using a bootstrap, bias-corrected area under the curve.
Results The chorioamnionitis rates in the derivation and external validation groups were 5% (1,005/19,966) and 5.8% (n = 3,005/52,171), respectively. In multivariable modeling, maternal age, nulliparity, gestational age, smoking status, group B Streptococcus colonization, hours ruptured, number of cervical exams, length of labor, epidural use, internal monitoring, and meconium were significantly associated with infection. A calculator was created and externally validated with an area under the curve of 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.81–0.82). External validity was further confirmed with a calibration intercept of 0.81.
Conclusion This is the first infection calculator created and validated for the prediction of developing chorioamnionitis in patients undergoing induction of labor at term. This calculator can be used to augment patient counseling and guide intrapartum infection surveillance in laboring patients.
Key Points
Necrotizing Fasciitis Post-Cesarean Section Leading to Transabdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Liang Alvina , Idowu Mary Boluwatife , Eskind Steven Joseph , Patel Soha S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNecrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare but life-threatening disease characterized by rapidly spreading inflammation and subsequent necrosis of the fascial planes and surrounding tissues. Limited literature has described NF as involving an adjacent solid organ beyond fascial planes that has required its removal. We present a case of a 25-year-old white female who underwent a cesarean section and subsequently developed NF involving her uterus and abdominal wall that necessitated a total abdominal hysterectomy, serial surgical debridement of necrotic tissue, and wound vacuum assisted closure (VAC) placement. Her pathology report described her uterus infiltrated by polybacteria, confirming a diagnosis of NF. Despite NF's progressive nature and potential lethality, NF can be challenging to diagnose clinically due to a lack of pathognomonic signs and symptoms. However, early detection of NF with the aid of Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score calculation using laboratory values such as white blood cell count, hemoglobin, sodium, glucose, serum creatinine, and C-reactive protein is critical for optimal patient outcomes. A multidisciplinary team approach is vital in treating these patients to debride necrotizing tissue and control the potential sequelae from the infection, particularly for postpartum patients.
Formation of directed wide-aperture flows of runaway electrons in air-filled magnetized diodes
Authors: Lobanov L. N. , Sharypov K. A. , Shpak V. G. , Shunailov S. A. , Yalandin M. I. , Zubarev N. M. 
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the results of research, development, and testing of magnetically insulated air diodes with replaceable graphite and stainless-steel tubular and coaxial cathodes of various configurations capable of generating directed bunches of runaway electrons. At the anode, the bunches have cross sections shaped as circles or rings with an outer diameter of 1–2 cm. The durations of the bunches, which carry currents of a few to tens of amperes, range from tens of picoseconds to 100 ps, and their charges range from tenths of a nanocoulomb to a few nanocoulombs. The kinetic energy of the bunch electrons at the peak of the current pulse is typically of the order of 150 keV. The bunch parameters are set (and varied) by varying the amplitude and duration of the subnanosecond high-voltage pulse driving the diode; they depend on the cathode material and on the strength and profile of the applied external magnetic field. The bunches, retaining their cross-sectional structure, are brought out from the diode, along the field lines, through a thin foil or mesh anode into the open space with a quasi-uniform magnetic field between two Helmholtz coils. In this space, the samples to be irradiated with electrons, similarly to objects exposed to radiation in various experiments and technological applications, can be placed.
The effects of metal oxides doping on the surface stability of In2O3 for CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Xu Xingtang , Li Yanwei , Sun Guang , Cao Jianliang , Wang Yan , Qin Xulong 
Published: September 2024

The significance of maintaining the surface stability of the In2O3 catalyst in the conversion of CO2 to methanol through hydrogenation cannot be overstated. To improve surface stability, doping with metal oxides is usually employed. To explore high-efficiency In2O3 based catalysts, density functional theory calculations were utilized to explore the effects of doping CuO, Co2O3, NiO, TiO2, HfO2, Nb2O3, Ta2O5, and CeO2 on the stability of the In2O3(110) surface. It was found that in a CO atmosphere, the crucial step in determining the creation of oxygen vacancies on the In2O3 plane occurred during the desorption of CO2 from the vacancy location. The results indicate that doping CuO, Co2O3, NiO, Nb2O3, Ta2O5, and CeO2 on the In2O3(110) surface promotes the reduction process through the reaction of CO with the O atoms on the surface, resulting in reduced surface stability. Conversely, the doping of Ti and Hf can raise the reaction energy barriers for CO reacting with the O atoms on the surface and enhance CO2 molecule adsorption on vacant sites, thereby suggesting the potential of TiO2 and HfO2 as effective modifiers to improve the efficiency and durability of the In2O3 catalyst. Furthermore, it is crucial to enhance its stability by modifying the density of the electron cloud or Fermi level of the In2O3 catalyst.
The Core Metadata Schema for Learner Corpora (LC-meta)
Authors: Paquot Magali , König Alexander , Stemle Egon W. , Frey Jennifer-Carmen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Metadata is critical throughout the research process, from study design to corpus selection/compilation, result
interpretability and cumulative research. To date, however, learner corpus research has not developed community standards or best
practices for metadata collection and sharing. In this article, we present the results of a collaborative project aimed at
addressing this issue by developing a standardised metadata schema for learner corpora. We first describe the procedure
implemented to design the schema, including the ways in which we continuously involved learner corpus researchers in this
initiative. We then introduce the Core Metadata Schema for Learner Corpora (LC-meta, Version 2), which consists
in a set of obligatory and optional variables that encapsulate crucial information about L2 data (administrative details, corpus
design, text-related variables, learner-related variables, annotations, annotators, or transcribers). Finally, we discuss future
developments and emphasise the importance of continued maintenance and further refinement of this schema by the research
community.