bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color, Transfer, and Application Parameters of Turfgrass Colorants
Authors: Pinnix Garland D. , Miller Grady L. , Bowman Daniel C. , Grabow Garry L. 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Turf colorants can be used as an alternative to winter overseeding, therefore saving turf managers resources.Multidimensional scaling analysis can be used to separate turf colorants into groups, allowing turf managers to better select products based on color parameters.Turf colorant transfer varies greatly among products and can result in severe staining.
Turfgrass colorants are primarily used as an alternative to winter overseeding. Information on colorants is limited in the scientific literature. The primary objective of this field study was to evaluate the effect turfgrass colorants had on color parameters (colorant intensity, color, and hue angle) of dormant bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.). Secondary objectives were to examine colorant transfer (wipe off) from the turfgrass surface to an absorbent material and to measure product viscosities. Twenty‐five colorants were applied at two spray volumes (75 and 112 mL m–2) on dormant bermudagrass at two heights of cut (0.3 and 1.5 cm). Multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis were used to separate colorants based on measured color parameters. Group 1 colorants maintained colorant intensity the longest, but colorant color was reduced at application due to the appearance of bright blue (e.g., Munsell 5BG/6/6) and bright green (e.g., Munsell 7.5GY/7/10) colors. Group 2 colorants provided the darkest green (e.g., Munsell 5GY/4/4) color, while Group 3 colorants provided minimal color change of dormant turfgrass. Among the Group 2 colorants, Green Lawnger, Lesco Green, Ultradwarf Super, Southwest Green, and Endurant provided a natural green color. Measurements of colorant transfer showed that Blue, Regreen, SprayMax, Green Dye Turf, Titan Green Turf, Solarogen, and Endurant have the highest propensity to disassociate from treated turfgrass. The use of multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis provided new information regarding a number of turf colorants. Grouping products by measured parameters indicated that products within Group 2 provided superior performance.
Corn Yield Components and Yield Responses to Defoliation at Different Row Widths
Authors: Battaglia Martin L. , Lee Chad , Thomason Wade 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Limited data on the effect of row width on defoliation in modern hybrids.Yield loss in 38 cm was less for all defoliation treatments vs. 76‐cm rows.Different hybrids responded differently to defoliation at different row widths.Defoliations had greater impact on kernel number than kernel weight in both hybrids.Some defoliations during effective grain‐filling period reduced kernel number.
Corn (Zea mays L.) defoliation experiments have been conducted for more than 130 yr in the United States. However, there are limited data on the effect of row width on defoliation in modern hybrids. A 2‐yr experiment was conducted in Lexington, KY, with two hybrids (113 relative maturity [RM] and 120 RM), two row widths (38 and 76 cm) and a combination of defoliation timings and severities: 0% defoliation (control), V7 growth stage, and 100% defoliation (V7–100%), V14–50%, V14–100%, R2–50%, and R2–100%. No yield difference among hybrids was observed in 2012. Yields were 26% greater in 38‐cm rows than 76‐cm rows in 2012. For 2013, corn yield for 38 cm was 10% greater, but hybrid, row width, and defoliation interacted. Lowest yields were caused by V14–100% followed by R2–100% defoliations. Defoliations of V14–50% and R2–50% reduced yields in some cases. Complete defoliations at V7 did not reduce yields in most comparisons. Kernel number and kernel weight were most reduced by V14–100% and R2–100% defoliations, respectively. There is a potential for corn in 38‐cm narrow rows to reduce grain yield losses after a defoliation event, when compared with corn in 76‐cm standard rows.
Updated Measurements in Vineyards Improves Accuracy of Soil Erosion Rates
Authors: Rodrigo‐Comino Jesús , Davis Jason , Keesstra Saskia D. , Cerdà Artemi 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Stock unearthing method assumes that soil surface is planar between vines.Improved stock unearthing method enhances the survey due to extra measurements.Indispensable to consider the timing of the measures in relation to tillage events.Stock unearthing method underestimates soil erosion rates by –14.2% in 1‐d plowed vineyards.Stock unearthing method underestimates erosion rates by –37.8% in 86‐d plowed vineyards.
Vineyards have proven to be one of the most degraded agricultural ecosystems due to very high erosion rates, which are typically measured at fine temporal and spatial scales. Long‐term soil erosion measures are rare, but this information may be indispensable for a proper understanding of the vineyard soil system, landscape evolution, and crop production. The stock unearthing method (SUM) is a common topographical measurement technique developed to assess long‐term erosion rates. The reliance of the SUM has been questioned and should be replaced by an improved measurement technique. In this paper, we demonstrate the added value (improved accurate, low cost, and faster than photogrammetrically methods) of the improved stock unearthing method (ISUM). It was shown that large errors may have been made in previous assessments of soil erosion on vineyards, as the old method did not make measurements in the inter‐row area or consider the timing of the erosion assessment in relation to tillage events. We found that this caused the SUM to severely underestimate soil erosion rates by –14.2 and –37.8% in 1‐ and 86‐d tillage vineyards in one location, respectively. Furthermore, the increased measurement resolution attained from the ISUM allowed for the detailed assessment of micro‐topographical change. Soil loss maps were able to detect the locational changes in soil depletion and accumulation, as well as continuous soil movement features in the inter‐row areas. Ultimately, this leads to a more accurate estimate of the actual soil erosion rates in vineyards.
Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from Different Stages of Liquid Manure Management Chains: Abatement Options and Emission Interactions
Authors: Mohankumar Sajeev Erangu Purath , Winiwarter Wilfried , Amon Barbara 
Published: November 2017

Farm livestock manure is an important source of ammonia and greenhouse gases. Concerns over the environmental impact of emissions from manure management have resulted in research efforts focusing on emission abatement. However, questions regarding the successful abatement of manure‐related emissions remain. This study uses a meta‐analytical approach comprising 89 peer‐reviewed studies to quantify emission reduction potentials of abatement options for liquid manure management chains from cattle and pigs. Analyses of emission reductions highlight the importance of accounting for interactions between emissions. Only three out of the eight abatement options considered (frequent removal of manure, anaerobic digesters, and manure acidification) reduced ammonia (3–60%), nitrous oxide (21–55%), and methane (29–74%) emissions simultaneously, whereas in all other cases, tradeoffs were identified. The results demonstrate that a shift from single‐stage emission abatement options towards a whole‐chain perspective is vital in reducing overall emissions along the manure management chain. The study also identifies some key elements like proper clustering, reporting of influencing factors, and explicitly describing assumptions associated with abatement options that can reduce variability in emission reduction estimates. Prioritization of abatement options according to their functioning can help to determine low‐risk emission reduction options, specifically options that alter manure characteristics (e.g., reduced protein diets, anaerobic digestion, or slurry acidification). These insights supported by comprehensive emission measurement studies can help improve the effectiveness of emission abatement and harmonize strategies aimed at reducing air pollution and climate change simultaneously.Core Ideas
Emission reductions of abatement options were quantified in the manure management chain.
Significant emission interactions exist in manure management chains.
Single‐stage emission abatement needs to shift to a whole‐chain perspective.
Understanding variability of results minimizes uncertainty of emission reductions.
A holistic management strategy is required to tackle air pollution and climate change.
Arsenic Speciation and Availability in Orchard Soils Historically Contaminated with Lead Arsenate
Authors: Gamble Audrey V. , Givens Alyssa K. , Sparks Donald L. 
Published: November 2017

Lead arsenate is an environmentally hazardous contaminant that was applied as a pesticide in orchards during the early 1900s. Elevated arsenic (As) concentrations persist in soils where lead arsenate was applied. To assess the risk associated with historic lead arsenate contamination, the retention, bioavailability, and speciation of soil As were evaluated in three historically contaminated orchard soils. Stirred‐flow desorption studies and in vitro physiologically based extractions were used to assess the mobility and relative bioavailability of soil As, respectively. Synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption spectroscopy was used to determine soil As speciation. Arsenic concentrations in former orchard soils ranged from 11.8 to 59.0 mg kg−1. Less than 22% of total As was considered bioavailable according to in vitro extractions. Up to 15% of soil As was desorbed in 10 mM KCl, but desorption with phosphate solutions resulted in release of up to 70% of total As dependent on soil type. Desorption data suggest that arsenate is primarily sorbed via inner‐sphere complexation, and elevated concentrations of competing ions in soil solution may increase mobility of soil As. Arsenic was primarily present in the As(V) oxidation state, the less mobile form of As. Combined results from X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and desorption studies indicate that As primarily exists as sorbed species, likely to ubiquitously present Fe‐ and Al‐oxides in soils. Results demonstrate that soil As from these historically contaminated orchards is mostly in stable, nonhazardous forms, but factors such as Fe‐ and Al‐oxide content and land management practices have a significant effect on As transport and bioavailability.Core Ideas
Arsenic bioavailability and speciation were evaluated in contaminated orchard soils.
Less than 22% of total As was considered bioavailable according to in vitro extractions.
Desorption data suggest that arsenic was tightly bound via inner‐sphere complexation.
Arsenic was primarily present as As(V), the less toxic oxidation state of As.
Quantification of Water Content during Freeze–Thaw Cycles: A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Based Method
Authors: Tian Huihui , Wei Changfu , Lai Yuanming , Chen Pan 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
An NMR‐based procedure was developed to determine adsorptive and capillary water contents.
Capillary and adsorptive water contents had hysteretic behavior.
The amount of adsorptive water was significant in all the tested soils.
In analyzing the phase transition and water migration processes in multiphase porous systems, it is helpful to properly evaluate the unfrozen capillary water content and adsorptive water content, respectively. In this study, an innovative procedure was developed to determine the total, adsorptive, and capillary water contents in frozen soils based on the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. We found a threshold value of the proton spin–spin relaxation time, T2, that separates the unfrozen pore water into two distinct regimes: the adsorptive regime for small T2 values and the capillary regime for large T2 values. We showed that the relationship between adsorptive (or capillary) water content and temperature is hysteretic for all three tested soils experiencing a freeze–thaw cycle. The hysteresis behavior of capillary or adsorptive water content during a freeze–thaw cycle is attributable to capillary effect, metastable nucleation, pore blocking, and variation of microstructure. In all the tested soils, the adsorptive water content was significantly larger than the capillary water content and was supported by the experimental evidence inferred from previous pore water potential measurements of various soils.
The Assessment and Management of Simple Elbow Dislocations
Authors: Grazette Andrew J , Aquilina Alex 
Published: November 2017

Background:Simple elbow dislocations are a commonly seen joint dislocation involving a sequential disruption of the soft tissue stabilisers without a significant associated fracture.Methods:A selective literature search was performed and personal surgical experiences are reported.Results:The majority of these injuries can be treated with expedient closed reduction, with the intact bony congruency of the elbow joint conferring early stability. Early mobilisation after reduction results in a faster recovery with good functional outcomes. Surgical intervention for persistent instability or stiffness is uncommonly required. Although, early surgical ligamentous repair has been considered, the current evidence does not demonstrate any long-term benefits compared to non-operative treatment.Conclusion:The majority of simple elbow dislocations can be successfully managed non-operatively with good reliable outcomes. Careful follow up is essential, however, to identify patients that may occasionally develop persistent instability or stiffness and require intervention.
Far from Fire: The service delivery quality gap plaguing Indonesian Ports
Authors: Yudiatmaja Wayu Eko , Alfiandri Alfiandri , Hidayat Rahmat 
Published: November 2017

This study analyzes the gap between expected and perceived services by ship passengers at the Sri Bayintan Port, Kijang, Riau Archipelago. The purpose of the paper is to examine the gap between expected and perceived service delivery by ship passengers in the Sri Bayintan Port. To test the service gap, ServQual variables as postulated in Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Berry (1988) were used. The variables include tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Data were collected using a sample of 98 passengers, who were chosen at random. Research results showed that there is a significant difference between expected and perceived service delivery among passengers who use Sri Bayintan port. In particular, findings of this study showed that passengers were not satisfied with the quality of service delivery they received in Sri Bayintan Port.
Puppy socialization practices of a sample of dog owners from across Canada and the United States
Authors: Cutler Janet H. , Coe Jason B. , Niel Lee 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify actions taken by owners to socialize puppies < 20 weeks of age, to determine factors affecting attendance of structured puppy classes, and to examine associations between class attendance and owner response to various undesirable puppy behaviors.
DESIGN Cross-sectional study.
SAMPLE 296 puppy owners (each with 1 puppy).
PROCEDURES Participants completed a survey at enrollment (to gather data regarding owner demographics and puppy characteristics) and again when puppies were 20 weeks of age (to gather information on socialization practices and owner responses to misbehavior and signs of fear in their puppy). Responses were compared between owners that did (attendees) and did not (nonattendees) report attending puppy classes.
RESULTS 145 (49.0%) respondents reported attending puppy classes. Class structure differed greatly among respondents. Attendees exposed their puppies to a greater number of people and other dogs than nonattendees as well as to various noises and situations. Puppies of attendees were less likely than puppies of nonattendees to have signs of fear in response to noises such as thunder and vacuum cleaners as well as to crates. Fewer attendees reported use of punishment-based discipline techniques than did nonattendees. Almost one-third of puppies received only minimal exposure to people and dogs outside the home during the survey period.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A notable number of puppies < 20 weeks of age in this study received few early socialization opportunities, which could lead to behavior problems and subsequent relinquishment. Opportunities exist for veterinarians to serve an important role in educating puppy owners about the importance of early puppy socialization and positive reward training.
Suspected zonisamide-related anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome in a cat
Authors: Collinet Audrey , Sammut Veronique 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 2-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for sudden onset of cluster seizures.
CLINICAL FINDINGS At an emergency clinic, the cat had hyperimmunoglobulinemia and thrombocytopenia. On referral, treatment with levetiracetam, zonisamide, and phenobarbital initially provided good control of cluster seizure activity (attributable to epilepsy of unknow origin). Two weeks later, assessments revealed that serum phenobarbital concentration was within the ideal range but serum zonisamide concentration exceeded the recommended therapeutic range. The dosage of zonisamide was therefore decreased. Four days after dosage reduction, the cat developed generalized lymphadenopathy. Cytologic analysis of lymph node aspirate samples revealed a heterogeneous population of well-differentiated lymphocytes, interpreted as marked reactivity. Although neoplasia could not be ruled out, hypersensitivity to phenobarbital was suspected, and this treatment was discontinued.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Despite cessation of phenobarbital administration, generalized peripheral lymphadenopathy progressed and hyperglobulinemia and cytopenias developed. These abnormalities resolved after discontinuation of zonisamide administration. The cat remained seizure free with no recurrence of the aforementioned concerns after reinstitution of phenobarbital treatment.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of zonisamide-related lymphadenopathy, hyperglobulinemia, and cytopenias in a cat. Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome is well documented in human medicine, but little information has been published in the veterinary medical literature. Although the effects of anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome in this cat were serious, these effects were reversible with treatment discontinuation.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TGT MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PUZZLE TERHADAP KEAKTIFAN DAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA PADA MATERI SISTEM EKSKRESI SISWA KELAS VIII MTS N 1 SEMARANG
Authors: Kristiana Ina , Nurwahyunani Atip , Sulistya Dewi Endah Rita 
Published: November 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran TGT (Teams Games Turnament) menggunakan media puzzle terhadap keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi sistem ekskresi manusia kelas VIII MTs Negeri 1 Semarang Tahun 2016/2017. Bentuk penelitian eksperimen berdesain “quasi experimental design dengan menggunakan metode pretest-posttest control group design”. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII MTs Negeri 1 Semarang. Metode pengumpulan berupa metode observasi, dokumentasi dan tes. Analisis data untuk menguji efektifitas pembelajaran dengan menggunakan uji t dan persentase ketuntasan belajar klasikal. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada perbedaan signifikan pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol, persentase ketuntasan belajar kelas eksperimen 76,66% sedangkan kelas kontrol 54,54%, rata-rata kelas eksperimen sebesar 75,83 sedangkan kelas kontrol 72,27. Hasil uji kolerasi dengan = 1,835 dan = 1,67 karena > maka diterima. Untuk keaktifan belajar ditunjukkan dari rata-rata kelas eksperimen 80,57 sedangkan kelas kontrol 56,55. Hasil kolerasi dengan = 8,168 dan = 1,67. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran TGT menggunakan media puzzle dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi sistem ekskresi manusia kelas VIII MTs Negeri 1 Semarang. Kata Kunci : Teams Games Turnament, Keaktifan, Hasil Belajar, Sistem Ekskresi Manusia
Fracture of a Leaf Chain for Lifting Clamps
Authors: Fischer B. , Gädicke T. , Neidel A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Leaf chains are flexible lifting devices which are often used as a link between crane hook and the load to be lifted. Actually, they are not designed for diagonal pulls, but for clean tensile stress. In practice, however, slight diagonal pull situations are often inevitable. A certain degree of security against such unscheduled load cases, is therefore generally expected from these lifting devices, which means that the production engineer assumes that leaf chains behave “tenderly”. In the present failure analysis, this was also the case until the leaf chain manufacturer changed the chain link supplier. The chain links this supplier delivered were no longer quenched and tempered but case hardened instead, which actually makes them more wear-resistant but also less tolerable towards the kind of bending loads inevitably occurring with diagonal pulls. As a result the leaf chain fractured and the load dropped during the lifting of a 6.5 t casing component. Since all occupational safety rules of the engineering company were followed, there were no further consequential damages except for some damages to the casing component.
Implications for Planetary System Formation from Interstellar Object 1I/2017 U1 (‘Oumuamua)
Authors: Trilling David E. , Robinson Tyler , Roegge Alissa , Chandler Colin Orion , Smith Nathan , Loeffler Mark , Trujillo Chad , Navarro-Meza Samuel , Glaspie Lori M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The recently discovered minor body 1I/2017 U1 (‘Oumuamua) is the first known object in our solar system that is not bound by the Sun’s gravity. Its hyperbolic orbit (eccentricity greater than unity) strongly suggests that it originated outside our solar system; its red color is consistent with substantial space weathering experienced over a long interstellar journey. We carry out a simple calculation of the probability of detecting such an object. We find that the observed detection rate of 1I-like objects can be satisfied if the average mass of ejected material from nearby stars during the process of planetary formation is ∼20 Earth masses, similar to the expected value for our solar system. The current detection rate of such interstellar interlopers is estimated to be 0.2 yr−1, and the expected number of detections over the past few years is almost exactly one. When the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope begins its wide, fast, deep all-sky survey, the detection rate will increase to 1 yr−1. Those expected detections will provide further constraints on nearby planetary system formation through a better estimate of the number and properties of interstellar objects.
L’étude des partis politiques : entre permanence et renouveau
Authors: Bachelot Carole 
Published: November 2017

L’analyse des partis politiques suscite depuis le début du xx e siècle une littérature foisonnante et diversifiée. Cet article donne un aperçu des évolutions récentes de cette littérature en science politique, en revenant sur les dynamiques qui affectent ses grandes traditions d’analyse (entrepreneuriale, organisationnelle, sociétale) et sur l’apparition de nouveaux « objets partisans » qui invitent à l’hybridation des perspectives et des méthodes.