bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A conservative approach for keratinized tissue augmentation: Report of two cases
Authors: Yadav Vikender S. , Makker Kanika , Haidrus Razia , Tewari Nitesh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundFree gingival graft harvested from the palate is considered the most predictable method to augment the keratinized tissue (KT). However, the anatomical limitations of the palate, and associated patient morbidity and complications restrict clinicians from performing these procedures in adolescents. Color mismatch with the native tissues resulting in poor esthetic appearance is another concern. To overcome these limitations, this article reports a surgical approach known as labial gingival graft (LGG) as an alternative to palatal graft.MethodsTwo adolescent patients presenting with absence of attached gingiva and shallow gingival recession in the mandibular incisor region were treated with LGG harvested from the labial KT of teeth adjacent to those requiring KT augmentation.ResultsThe procedure was well tolerated by the patients. At the final follow‐up (3.5‐ and 2 years from baseline), a significant gain in KT with complete root coverage was achieved in both patients. Both professional and patient‐centered esthetic evaluations revealed excellent color match making the grafted area imperceptible from the adjacent mucosa.ConclusionsThe proposed technique was found to be simple and predictable, and was associated with minimal morbidity and no complications. Clinicians may consider performing LGG procedure when sufficient KT can be harvested from adjacent donor site. The selection of such techniques is of particular relevance in children who are vulnerable to complications associated with more invasive procedures.Key pointsWhy are these cases new information?

To the best of our knowledge, this article is the first to present the use of labial gingival graft harvested from adjacent keratinized mucosa in adolescent patients.
What are the keys to successful management of these cases?

Proper case selection in terms of sufficient amount of keratinized tissue to harvest as labial gingival graft from adjacent teeth.
Use of smaller instruments, small‐sized needles, and sutures under magnification to minimize trauma to the tissues /graft.
Preparation of an immobile periosteal bed and suturing protocol that minimizes the dead space and ensures revascularization of graft.
What are the primary limitations to success in these cases?

A prerequisite of the presence of thick gingiva and sufficient dimensions of KT around the adjacent teeth further limits its applicability in all cases.
Comprehensive Analysis of Antioxidant Properties, GC‐MS, and FTIR Profiles of Myrica esculenta Fruit Extracts from Western East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya
Authors: Das Leena , Das Manas , Barkalita Luit M. , Borah Probodh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the phytoconstituents of Myrica esculenta fruit extracts using various solvents, including n‐hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of several phytochemicals, with the highest concentration found in the methanol extract. The total phenolic (94.5±0.96 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) and flavonoid (74.27±0.29 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g) contents were also highest in the methanol extract. Antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic) acid (ABTS), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The methanol extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity with DPPH and ABTS IC50 values of 22.27±0.98 μg/ml and 19.69±0.36 μg/ml, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid. FRAP activity was also highest in the methanol extract (87.125±0.33 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/g). Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis identified antioxidant compounds hexanedioic acid, bis(2‐ethylhexyl) ester, methyl 11,12‐octadecadienoate, and pentadecanoic acid. while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis detected functional groups such as alkenes, ketones, esters, alcohols and carboxylic acids. These findings suggest that the methanolic extract of M. esculenta fruits is a rich source of natural antioxidants, making it suitable for pharmaceutical, health, and nutritional supplements aimed at enhancing overall health.
Association of cardiorenal biomarkers with mortality in metabolic syndrome patients: A prospective cohort study from NHANES
Authors: Gao Qianyi , Jia Shuanglong , Mo Xingbo , Zhang Huan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesApproximately 20%–25% of the global adult population is affected by metabolic syndrome (MetS), highlighting its status as a major public health concern. This study aims to investigate the predictive value of cardiorenal biomarkers on mortality among patients with MetS, thus optimizing treatment strategies.MethodsUtilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles between 1999 and 2004, we conducted a prospective cohort study involving 2369 participants diagnosed with MetS. We evaluated the association of cardiac and renal biomarkers with all‐cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, employing weighted Cox proportional hazards models. Furthermore, machine learning models were used to predict mortality outcomes based on these biomarkers.ResultsAmong 2369 participants in the study cohort, over a median follow‐up period of 17.1 years, 774 (32.67%) participants died, including 260 (10.98%) from CVD. The highest quartiles of cardiac biomarkers (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide [NT‐proBNP]) and renal biomarkers (beta‐2 microglobulin, [β2M]) were significantly associated with increased risks of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratios [HRs] ranging from 1.94 to 2.06) and CVD mortality (HRs up to 2.86), after adjusting for confounders. Additionally, a U‐shaped association was observed between high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (Hs‐cTnT), creatinine (Cr), and all‐cause mortality in patients with MetS. Machine learning analyses identified Hs‐cTnT, NT‐proBNP, and β2M as important predictors of mortality, with the CatBoost model showing superior performance (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.904).ConclusionCardiac and renal biomarkers are significant predictors of mortality in MetS patients, with Hs‐cTnT, NT‐proBNP, and β2M emerging as crucial indicators. Further research is needed to explore intervention strategies targeting these biomarkers to improve clinical outcomes.
Early detection of Alzheimer's disease using the MEMORIES mnemonic
Authors: Besin Valentinus , Humardani Farizky M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe rising incidence and death rates linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) highlight an urgent issue. Genetic screening is celebrated as a significant advancement for its early detection capabilities, pinpointing those at risk before the emergence of symptoms. Yet, the limited availability of these technologies highlights a critical gap in widespread application. This review pivots to the potential of presymptomatic clinical assessments as a readily available, economical, and simple strategy for early detection. Traditionally, AD diagnosis relies on the late‐stage identification of cognitive deterioration, functional impairments, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, coinciding with advanced brain degeneration. Conversely, emerging research identifies early indicators preceding significant degeneration, manifesting years before clinical symptoms. We introduce a mnemonic, MEMORIES, to categorize these prodromal: Metabolism changes, Eye/visual impairments, March (refer to gait disturbances), Olfactory dysfunction, Rhythm (blood pressure and heart rate), Insensitivity of the tongue, Ears (hearing loss), and Stool alterations. Recognizing these prodromal through clinical examinations provides a valuable strategy for initiating preventative actions against brain degeneration. This approach advocates for broadening the screening lens beyond genetic screening to encompass clinical evaluations, enhancing early detection and intervention opportunities for AD.
Structure‐Activity Relationships in Supramolecular Hosts Targeting Bacterial Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) Lipids
Authors: Ojah Emmanuel O. , Gneid Hassan , Herschede Sarah R. , Busschaert Nathalie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe World Health Organization has described the antimicrobial resistance crisis as one of the top ten global public health threats. New antimicrobial agents that can fight infections caused by antimicrobial resistant pathogens are therefore needed. A potential strategy is the development of small molecules that can selectively interact with bacterial membranes (or membranes of other microbial pathogens), and thereby rapidly kill the bacteria. Here, we report the structure‐activity relationship within a group of 22 compounds that were designed to bind the bacterial lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Liposome‐based studies reveal that the lipophilicity of the compounds has the strongest effect on both the affinity and selectivity for PE. The best results were obtained for compounds with logP≈3.75, which showed a 5x–7x selectivity for bacterial PE lipids over human PC (phosphatidylcholine) lipids. Furthermore, these compounds also showed potent antibacterial activity against the Gram‐positive bacterium B. cereus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) below 10 μM, a concentration where they showed minimal hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. These results not only show the possibility of PE‐binding small molecules to function as antibiotics, but also provide guidelines for the development of compounds targeting other types of biologically relevant membrane lipids.
Selectively Extending the Curved Side of N‐Doped Hexa‐peri‐ hexabenzocoronene
Authors: Wang Di , Zhao Chunxue , Zhu Yimin , Zhang Xianyu , Wang Xinyue , An Peng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA curved nanographene, conceptually by insertion of nitrogen into a trapezoidal planar nanographene at the edge was synthesized by π‐extension of the nitrogen‐doped hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene. This N‐doped nanographene exhibited a π‐electronic concave face containing a nonaromatic azepine ring in the middle with a size of 14.0 Å length and 4.0 Å depth, which represents an unprecedented half‐side concave geometry of curved nanographene. The bent π‐extension exhibited a low degree of conjugation suggested by calculation results. Due to the unique 3D structure and electron‐rich property, this nanographene showed pronounced intermolecular charge transfer with C60.
Bis‐Squaramide‐Based [2]Rotaxane Hosts for Anion Recognition
Authors: Arun Arya , Docker Andrew , Beer Paul D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe first examples of bis‐squaramide axle containing [2]rotaxanes linked via rigid aryl and flexible alkyl spacers synthesised using copper(I) catalysed active metal template methodology are reported. The halide and oxoanion binding properties of the [2]rotaxanes in aqueous‐organic solvent media are examined through extensive 1H‐NMR titration experiments to investigate the impact of integrating multiple squaramide motifs on the anion binding capabilities of the interlocked receptors. These studies reveal that the bis‐squaramide rotaxane host systems exhibit enhanced halide anion binding capabilities relative to a mono‐squaramide axle functionalised rotaxane, demonstrating a rare anti‐Hofmeister bias halide anion selectivity trend in aqueous‐organic mixtures and highlighting the efficacy of the potent solvent shielded hydrophobic interlocked binding pocket created upon mechanical bond formation. Notably, employing a rigid aryl linker between the two squaramide motifs in the axle component enables the rotaxane host to exhibit strong and selective binding of tetrahedral oxoanions. Conversely, a flexible alkyl spacer facilitates trigonal oxoanion selective recognition by the bis‐squaramide [2]rotaxane.
An energy‐efficient Chebyshev fire hawks optimization algorithm for energy balancing in sensor‐enabled Internet of Things
Authors: Kumbhar Pravin Yallappa , Naik Apurva Abhijit 
Published: September 2024

SummarySensor‐enabled systems have been used successfully in agricultural, healthcare, commercial, and military application domains. Recently, there has been significant interest in the intelligent applications of sensor‐enabled technologies, particularly in the domains of smart grid, Internet of Vehicles (IoV), body area networks, and the Internet of Things (IoT). In recent research, various protocols and algorithm are developed for effective energy‐efficient routing and energy balancing. These existing models have some issues like high energy consumption and minimum network life time. In order to overcome these existing issues, a novel cluster head selection and routing mechanism in a wireless sensor network (WSN) environment is proposed. The clustering process has been formed by an enhanced Taylor kernel fuzzy C‐means algorithm (TKFC‐means). The cluster head in the group of sensor nodes has been identified based on energy and distance calculation. Finally, the routing has been performed by a novel energy‐efficient Chebyshev fire hawks optimization‐based routing protocol to route data to the edge server, which helps to balance the energy effectively. This protocol takes into account various factors, including distance, cost, residual energy, load, temperature, latency, and overall energy. The proposed model can obtain a throughput value of 82 Mbps for the sensor nodes at 500 and an end‐to‐end delay of 3.6 at 500 sensor nodes. The packet delivery ratio and loss ratio attain 96.4% and 2.7%, respectively, with 500 sensor nodes in the proposed approach. The proposed method consumes 0.45 mJ of energy with 500 nodes. From this analysis, the proposed model can obtain better results than the existing compared models.
Safety and effectiveness of additional triamcinolone acetonide with endoscopic radial incision and cutting for benign stenosis of the lower gastrointestinal tract: A pilot study
Authors: Moroi Rintaro , Nochioka Kotaro , Miyata Satoshi , Iwaki Hideya , Chiba Hirofumi , Nagai Hiroshi , Shimoyama Yusuke , Naito Takeo , Shiga Hisashi , Tosa Masaki , Kakuta Yoichi , Kayaba Shoichi , Takahashi Seiichi , Kinouchi Yoshitaka , Masamune Atsushi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesRadial incision and cutting (RIC) is being investigated as an alternative endoscopic dilation method for lower intestinal tract stenosis, providing a high technical success rate and improving subjective symptoms. However, several patients develop re‐stenosis following RIC. In this pilot study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) addition after RIC.MethodsRIC with TA was performed in 20 patients with lower gastrointestinal tract stenosis. We evaluated the rate of adverse events 2 months after RIC with TA. We investigated the short‐ and long‐term prognoses, as well as the improvement in subjective symptoms, using a visual analog scale.ResultsThe delayed bleeding rate after RIC was 23.8%. Endoscopic hemostasis was achieved in all patients with delayed bleeding. No perforations were observed. The cumulative re‐stenosis‐free, re‐intervention‐free, and surgery‐free rates 1 year after RIC were 52.9%, 63.7%, and 85.2%, respectively. Subjective symptoms, including abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, nausea, and dyschezia, significantly improved after RIC with TA.ConclusionAlthough additional TA administration after RIC could be safe, additional TA may not be effective on luminal patency after dilation. Further investigation is warranted.
Efficacy and safety of a novel polytetrafluoroethylene‐coated self‐expandable metal stent for distal malignant biliary obstruction
Authors: Nakagawa Hiroki , Takeda Tsuyoshi , Okamoto Takeshi , Hirai Tatsuki , Mie Takafumi , Furukawa Takaaki , Kasuga Akiyoshi , Sasaki Takashi , Ozaka Masato , Matsuda Takahisa , Igarashi Yoshinori , Sasahira Naoki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundStent migration and sludge formation remain significant problems associated with covered self‐expandable metal stents (CSEMSs). The EGIS biliary stent fully covered flare type (EGIS biliary stent), a new type of polytetrafluoroethylene‐coated self‐expandable metal stent with low axial force and an anti‐migration system, was developed to overcome these disadvantages. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this stent in comparison with conventional CSEMS (c‐CSEMS).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer who received initial CSEMS for distal malignant biliary obstruction. The primary outcome was time to recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO). Secondary outcomes included technical success rate, functional success rate, stent‐related adverse events, causes of RBO, and re‐intervention.ResultsA total of 40 patients were included (EGIS group: 20; c‐CSEMS group: 20). The technical and functional success rates were similar between the two groups. Stent‐related adverse event rates (20% vs. 15%, p > 0.99) and overall RBO rates (56% vs. 50%, p > 0.99) were not significantly different between the two groups. Stent migration was the most common cause of RBO in the EGIS group, while stent occlusion was in the c‐CSEMS group. The median time to RBO (102 vs. 434 days, p = 0.10) was not significantly different between the two groups. Endoscopic transpapillary re‐intervention was successful in most patients in both groups.ConclusionsThe EGIS biliary stent was not associated with a longer time to RBO compared to c‐CSEMS. Further improvements, especially against stent migration, are needed to improve its efficacy.
Unraveling connections with artificial sweeteners and their impact on human health: A comprehensive review
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Niranjana Karukayil , Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan , Kundapur Rohan , Chaudhary Aditi , Meyyazhagnan Arun , Pappuswamy Manikantan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is a recent trend showing an uptick in the artificial sweetener's usage, particularly the nonnourishing variety. The allure of a low‐calorie choice that lets people indulge in their sweet tooths while consuming less calories overall is what motivates this. Children's food products often contain a substantial number of artificial sweeteners due to their properties that aid in moisture retention, act as fillers, and serve as bulking agents. This article provides a comprehensive overview of artificial sweeteners and influences in human wealth. Studies have linked the use of artificial sweeteners to premature birth, highlighting the teratogenic potential of these compounds, particularly in beverages. Pregnant women who incorporate nonnutritive sweeteners into their diet during pregnancy are more likely to have children with birth defects, as indicated by studies on the subject. Artificial sweeteners should not be added to food for children because studies show that eating them while a child's body is still developing might disturb the balance of gut microbiota and cause potential problems like heart disease, stroke, and cognitive decline. The ingestion of nonnourishing sweeteners has adverse effects on the fertility of both men and women. Studies indicate that exceeding the recommended daily consumption that the FDA has set for artificial sweeteners can result in conditions of infertility for both genders. Additionally, there is a connection between the onset of cancer and the use of artificial sweeteners. Presently, a considerable amount of research relies on animal models rather than human ones, creating a notable gap in research. The limitation of extensive human model studies represents a drawback in validating results. Furthermore, there is a necessity for increased research focused on advancing techniques that can minimize the adverse effects of artificial sweeteners, making them more suitable for addressing issues related to obesity and various types of diabetes.
Production and characterization of bioemulsifier from local isolate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain JZT351: Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects
Authors: Thraeib Jaffar Z. , Altemimi Ammar B. , Al‐Manhel Alaa Jabbar Abd , Tlay Rawaa H. , Younis Mohamed Ibrahim , Abedelmaksoud Tarek Gamal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe widespread use and circulation of industrial emulsifiers pose significant health risks, compounded by their limited availability and high cost. Consequently, there is growing interest in exploring the potential of natural sources, such as microorganisms like yeast, for emulsifier production. In this study, 25 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated from 17 distinct local sources. The yeasts were characterized based on cell shape, size, and colony morphology using yeast malt agar, followed by morphological, microscopic, and biochemical analyzes. Among the isolates, AC1 from a vinegar starter demonstrated superior bioemulsifier production. Emulsification efficiency tests revealed that AC1 exhibited values of 7.1 cm, 0.71 nm, and 34.50%, outperforming other isolates. The biomass yield was approximately 4.35 g/L. This strain was registered in the gene bank as JZT351 (OR115510) after a 100% match with S. cerevisiae. Optimal bioemulsifier production conditions for JZT351 were identified using a liquid yeast extract peptone dextrose medium, with date juice replacing 75% of the glucose, at pH 5.5, 30°C, and 72 h. The resulting emulsification activity, index, and oil displacement were 8.69 cm, 0.95 nm, and 39.7%, respectively. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) compared the functional groups of the bioemulsifier with those of conventional emulsifiers. Molecular characterization was confirmed by 1H NMR. FTIR spectra revealed bioemulsifier bands at 3443.28, 2929.34, 1656.559, 1534.09, 807.06, and 1656.55 cm−1. At 0.5–5 ppm, signals and spectral frequencies corresponded to a mannoprotein structure. The bioemulsifier exhibited 58.09% antioxidant activity at 10 mg/mL, as assessed by DPPH scavenging. It showed the highest inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the least against Candida albicans.
Locus coeruleus microstructural integrity is associated with vigilance vulnerability to sleep deprivation
Authors: Quan Peng , Mao Tianxin , Zhang Xiaocui , Wang Ruosi , Lei Hui , Wang Jieqiong , Liu Wanting , Dinges David F. , Jiang Caihong , Rao Hengyi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInsufficient sleep compromises cognitive performance, diminishes vigilance, and disrupts daily functioning in hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Despite extensive research revealing significant variability in vigilance vulnerability to sleep deprivation, the underlying mechanisms of these individual differences remain elusive. Locus coeruleus (LC) plays a crucial role in the regulation of sleep–wake cycles and has emerged as a potential marker for vigilance vulnerability to sleep deprivation. In this study, we investigate whether LC microstructural integrity, assessed by fractional anisotropy (FA) through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at baseline before sleep deprivation, can predict impaired psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) performance during sleep deprivation in a cohort of 60 healthy individuals subjected to a rigorously controlled in‐laboratory sleep study. The findings indicate that individuals with high LC FA experience less vigilance impairment from sleep deprivation compared with those with low LC FA. LC FA accounts for 10.8% of the variance in sleep‐deprived PVT lapses. Importantly, the relationship between LC FA and impaired PVT performance during sleep deprivation is anatomically specific, suggesting that LC microstructural integrity may serve as a biomarker for vigilance vulnerability to sleep loss.