bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Community Land Model in a pine stand with shading manipulations and 13CO2 labeling
Authors: Mao J. , Ricciuto D. M. , Thornton P. E. , Warren J. M. , King A. W. , Shi X. , Iversen C. M. , Norby R. J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Carbon allocation and flow through ecosystems regulates land surface–atmosphere CO2 exchange and thus is a key, albeit uncertain, component of mechanistic models. The Partitioning in Trees and Soil (PiTS) experiment–model project tracked carbon allocation through a young Pinus taeda stand following pulse labeling with 13CO2 and two levels of shading. The field component of this project provided process-oriented data that were used to evaluate terrestrial biosphere model simulations of rapid shifts in carbon allocation and hydrological dynamics under varying environmental conditions. Here we tested the performance of the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) in capturing short-term carbon and water dynamics in relation to manipulative shading treatments and the timing and magnitude of carbon fluxes through various compartments of the ecosystem. When calibrated with pretreatment observations, CLM4 was capable of closely simulating stand-level biomass, transpiration, leaf-level photosynthesis, and pre-labeling 13C values. Over the 3-week treatment period, CLM4 generally reproduced the impacts of shading on soil moisture changes, relative change in stem carbon, and soil CO2 efflux rate. Transpiration under moderate shading was also simulated well by the model, but even with optimization we were not able to simulate the high levels of transpiration observed in the heavy shading treatment, suggesting that the Ball–Berry conductance model is inadequate for these conditions. The calibrated version of CLM4 gave reasonable estimates of label concentration in phloem and in soil surface CO2 after 3 weeks of shade treatment, but it lacks the mechanisms needed to track the labeling pulse through plant tissues on shorter timescales. We developed a conceptual model for photosynthate transport based on the experimental observations, and we discussed conditions under which the hypothesized mechanisms could have an important influence on model behavior in larger-scale applications. Implications for future experimental studies are described, some of which are already being implemented in follow-on studies.
The effect of assimilating satellite-derived soil moisture data in SiBCASA on simulated carbon fluxes in Boreal Eurasia
Authors: van der Molen M. K. , de Jeu R. A. M. , Wagner W. , van der Velde I. R. , Kolari P. , Kurbatova J. , Varlagin A. , Maximov T. C. , Kononov A. V. , Ohta T. , Kotani A. , Krol M. C. , Peters W. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Boreal Eurasia is a region where the interaction between droughts and the carbon cycle may have significant impacts on the global carbon cycle. Yet the region is extremely data sparse with respect to meteorology, soil moisture, and carbon fluxes as compared to e.g. Europe. To better constrain our vegetation model SiBCASA, we increase data usage by assimilating two streams of satellite-derived soil moisture. We study whether the assimilation improved SiBCASA's soil moisture and its effect on the simulated carbon fluxes. By comparing to unique in situ soil moisture observations, we show that the passive microwave soil moisture product did not improve the soil moisture simulated by SiBCASA, but the active data seem promising in some aspects. The match between SiBCASA and ASCAT soil moisture is best in the summer months over low vegetation. Nevertheless, ASCAT failed to detect the major droughts occurring between 2007 and 2013. The performance of ASCAT soil moisture seems to be particularly sensitive to ponding, rather than to biomass. The effect on the simulated carbon fluxes is large, 5–10 % on annual GPP and TER, tens of percent on local NEE, and 2 % on area-integrated NEE, which is the same order of magnitude as the inter-annual variations. Consequently, this study shows that assimilation of satellite-derived soil moisture has potentially large impacts, while at the same time further research is needed to understand under which conditions the satellite-derived soil moisture improves the simulated soil moisture.
The modelled surface mass balance of the Antarctic Peninsula at 5.5 km horizontal resolution
Authors: van Wessem J. M. , Ligtenberg S. R. M. , Reijmer C. H. , van de Berg W. J. , van den Broeke M. R. , Barrand N. E. , Thomas E. R. , Turner J. , Wuite J. , Scambos T. A. , van Meijgaard E. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. This study presents a high-resolution (∼  5.5 km) estimate of surface mass balance (SMB) over the period 1979–2014 for the Antarctic Peninsula (AP), generated by the regional atmospheric climate model RACMO2.3 and a firn densification model (FDM). RACMO2.3 is used to force the FDM, which calculates processes in the snowpack, such as meltwater percolation, refreezing and runoff. We evaluate model output with 132 in situ SMB observations and discharge rates from six glacier drainage basins, and find that the model realistically simulates the strong spatial variability in precipitation, but that significant biases remain as a result of the highly complex topography of the AP. It is also clear that the observations significantly underrepresent the high-accumulation regimes, complicating a full model evaluation. The SMB map reveals large accumulation gradients, with precipitation values above 3000 mm we yr−1 in the western AP (WAP) and below 500 mm we yr−1 in the eastern AP (EAP), not resolved by coarser data sets such as ERA-Interim. The average AP ice-sheet-integrated SMB, including ice shelves (an area of 4.1  ×  105 km2), is estimated at 351 Gt yr−1 with an interannual variability of 58 Gt yr−1, which is dominated by precipitation (PR) (365 ± 57 Gt yr−1). The WAP (2.4  ×  105 km2) SMB (276 ± 47 Gt yr−1), where PR is large (276 ± 47 Gt yr−1), dominates over the EAP (1.7  ×  105 km2) SMB (75 ± 11 Gt yr−1) and PR (84 ± 11 Gt yr−1). Total sublimation is 11 ± 2 Gt yr−1 and meltwater runoff into the ocean is 4 ± 4 Gt yr−1. There are no significant trends in any of the modelled AP SMB components, except for snowmelt that shows a significant decrease over the last 36 years (−0.36 Gt yr−2).
A Philosophy of Suffering:
Authors: Stiles Stefanie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe major unresolved critical question regarding Nathanael West's dark modernist novella, Miss Lonelyhearts, is whether or not it offers a scintilla of hope for the future of American culture. Otherwise expressed, is redemption possible, or is the work best read as primarily accusatory, part of the negative school of modernism? This article argues that although a wholly redemptive reading is impossible, the work still possesses extrinsic redemptive value: through the very ferocity of its portrayal of dehumanization and suffering, it prompts the reader to ethical reflection, and oftentimes empathy. This thesis is demonstrated through a close reading of the text and a survey of West criticism up to today, including recent studies linking the author's use of the grotesque with compassion. Finally, in order to better understand Miss Lonelyhearts's redemptive implications, the later theory of Richard Rorty is explored, in particular the epistemological and philosophical claims made in Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity. Of greatest relevance to this study is Rorty's claim that only a common understanding of suffering can form the basis for human solidarity, as well as his belief that the unique imaginative quality of literature allows it to communicate philosophical principles better than philosophy itself.
Rilke's Fourth Duino Elegy as Philo-poetic Dialectic
Authors: Trogan Christopher Roland 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Rilke's Fourth Duino Elegy (1915) offers a poetic solution to the philosophical problem of self-consciousness posed by Kleist's 1810 essay “On the Marionette Theater” (“Über das Marionettentheater”). Although it is well known that philosophical concepts inform Rilke's poetry, most criticism has failed to pay adequate attention to the poet's contributions to philosophical inquiry. After all, it is simpler to present a poetic interpretation “from” a philosophical perspective than to present one that speaks to a philosophical problem. However, a close examination of Elegy IV demonstrates not merely a poetic reinterpretation of a philosophical problem but a significant contribution to and reconfiguration of one.
Bernard Shaw and Paul Ricoeur Emissaries of Hope, Faith, and Wellness
Authors: Einsohn Howard Ira 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT:
Bernard Shaw and Paul Ricoeur are emissaries of hope, faith, and wellness. Wellness is a holistic concept signifying the overall health of an individual that springs from an optimum balance of mind, body, and spirit. It is a state of being unsustainable without the abiding presence of hope and faith. Hope and faith make it possible for humans to affirm life despite the hardships that ineluctably befall them. And hope and faith—together with the wellness they engender—are precisely the factors that uplift Shaw and Ricoeur in their tireless efforts to make the world a better place for everyone.
Moninkim: A Symbiotic Performance of Ritual, Music, and Dance by the Ejagham People of Nigeria and Cameroon
Authors: Ozah Marie Agatha 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Among the Ejagham of southeastern Nigeria and Southwestern Cameroon, the performance of the nkim or moninkim ritual marks the passage of a young girl to womanhood. This transition begins when the girl—moninkim—is secluded from the general community and placed in the nju nkim (fattening house or fattening room) where she is pampered, instructed in the Ejagham values, and taught how to dance the nkim dance. This article discusses the ways in which ritual, music, and dance interplay to construct a holistic art form, and examines how moninkim dance performance serves as a hermeneutic site for illuminating the Ejagham culture.
Egyptian Art Institutions and Art Education from 1908 to 1951
Authors: KANE PATRICK 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The State, envisioning a social function reserved for the fine arts, is engaged in driving the artistic destinies of the country. These politics were imposed as the example of a religion of the state.... But the slow instruction of the masses that has endured since 1908 deviated from the interest of our artists that was formed in the course of these twenty-three years.
—Muhammad Nagi, “Une Politique des Beaux-Arts en Egypte,” (circa 1931)
The cooperative movement began in Egypt in 1908, but up to now it has not taken the necessary steps. Among the reasons are the sluggish ignorance of the masses, and its neglect by the elite and its weakness of character. The chief cause is that the cooperative movement is mostly official, for which civil servants work, and the civil servants do not act responsibly as they should.
—Muhammad ‘Abd Al-Bari, “On the Just Treatment of the Peasant,” Al-Thaqafa (January 1940)
Rather, it is in the totality where the goals of different classes are divided and collide within society. These contradictions were opened up in the origins of the social crises by the explosive upheavals. Members from literature and poetry and philosophy struggled over the origins of this opposition and their works were distinguished with a mark of concern when it showed the different parties between the construction of a single class.
—Ramsis Yunan, “The Dream and the Reality” (March 1940)
Wittgenstein’s and Gombrich’s Parallel Therapeutic Projects and Art Education
Authors: Cunliffe Leslie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article explores parallel tendencies in Ludwig Wittgenstein’s and Ernst Gombrich’s thinking that aimed to dissolve misconceptions about mind, culture, and art that emerged in modernity but that continue to influence current art education. Section one gives an overview of Wittgenstein’s and Gombrich’s therapeutic projects, which drew on perspicuity and genealogy to eliminate confusions in thinking, rather than advance new theories. The second section illustrates Wittgenstein’s and Gombrich’s curative response to modern misconceptions about mind and culture. The analysis is extended in a thematic way to dissolve similar misconceptions that prevail in current art education. The aim of the article is to provide conditions for sustaining better practices of art education.
O Benefício de Prestação Continuada para usuários em tratamento hemodialítico
Authors: Barbosa Nathalia Maria , Soares Raquel Cavalcante , Perusso Ilka Aquino de Oliveira 
Published: February 2016

<h1>Resumo: </h1><p>Os usuários com Doença Renal Crônica – DRC ao iniciarem o tratamento hemodialítico, em sua maioria, afastam-se do trabalho por diversos fatores que envolvem o tratamento e o mundo do trabalho. Essa situação pode ser considerada um agravante para aqueles que não são segurados da previdência social, e por isso, sem direitos que garantam a manutenção da sua renda enquanto estiverem em terapia hemodialítica. Para esses desprotegidos da previdência social, só lhes restam a assistência social, especificamente o Benefício de Prestação Continuada - BPC, como o único meio possível de acesso à renda. Contudo, ao acessar o BPC confrontam-se com algumas contradições da política de assistência social, a exemplo a focalização do benefício na pobreza extrema. Partindo desse pressuposto, o presente artigo objetiva analisar as contradições e possíveis dificuldades, no acesso a este benefício pelos usuários em hemodiálise no HC/UFPE e sua importância para reprodução social desses. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa fundamentada pela teoria social crítica Marxiana, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e pesquisa de campo. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam a impossibilidade dos usuários em manterem-se no trabalho e as dificuldades no acesso ao BPC, e revelam a importância do beneficio para o suprimento das necessidades básicas dos usuários e de suas famílias.</p><p class="Padro"> </p>
A centralidade da família nos serviços de atendimento de pacientes com transtornos mentais e dependentes químicos
Authors: Abreu Amaral Daniela , Fries Bressan Claudete Marlene 
Published: February 2016

<p>O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar a intervenção profissional do assistente social no trabalho com famílias nos serviços de atendimento à pacientes com transtornos mentais e dependentes químicos. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica que aborda as contribuições da reforma psiquiátrica na formulação e implementação das políticas sociais públicas voltadas para saúde mental e dependência química e que visa identificar a inserção da família no processo de tratamento, particularizando a atuação do profissional de Serviço Social. A família contemporânea é entendida como uma instituição social formada por pessoas, entre as quais há laços consanguíneos, parentesco, afinidade e dependência. É, também, espaço de proteção e sobrevivência de seus membros. A atuação profissional do assistente social com as famílias na área da saúde mental e dependência química possui ênfase no trabalho com grupos, que visa a troca de experiências entre os cuidadores como uma forma de potencializar e valorizar os cuidados familiares. A desconstrução de conceitos já estabelecidos socialmente relacionados a essa área de intervenção se constitui como um dos desafios para os assistentes sociais que atendem as famílias. </p>
O fazer profissional do/a assistente social na unidade de terapia intensiva do HUOL: uma análise sob o olhar dos usuários
Authors: Santos Nayara Costa , Eleutério Adriana Paula da Silva , Lima Rita Lourdes 
Published: February 2016

<p>Esse artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada no Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL), vinculado a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), que teve como objetivo analisar o entendimento dos usuários a respeito do fazer profissional dos/as Assistentes Sociais em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto (UTI). A metodologia utilizada foi a qualitativa com amostra não probabilística intencional a partir de doze entrevistas semi-estruturadas, sendo seis com pacientes da UTI e seis com visitantes. Os resultados apontam uma forte relação entre a escolaridade e a renda dos sujeitos, entre o sexo feminino e o cuidado aos outros e a percepção do Serviço Social como profissão que deve resolver todos os problemas do usuário. </p>
Família, terra e trabalho: modos de vida nos cafezais de montanha do sul de Minas Gerais
Authors: Souza Celso Antônio Spagggiari , Freitas Rita de Cássia Santos 
Published: February 2016

<p>Este texto tenta compreender a mobilidade social e econômica de pequenos cafeicultores das regiões montanhosas do Sul de Minas Gerais, elegendo como fio condutor das análises as fortes imbricações nas suas vivências entre família, terra e trabalho. Utilizando a força do trabalho familiar, munidos do conhecimento adquirido nas lidas permanentes com a lavoura de café, nas suas relações com a comunidade e serviços de extensão rural, estes sujeitos conseguiram superar a condição original de escassez de recursos econômicos e angariar algum patrimônio, ampliar suas condições de vida e serem reconhecidos no seu grupo social. Para tanto, fazemos uso da observação participante, o acolhimento de histórias de vida de três agricultores em diferentes municípios desta região, indicadores do último censo agropecuário e o apoio em autores que se dedicam ao tema em uma epistemologia antropológica.</p>
Sero-Epidemiological Study of Hepatitis E Virus among Thalassemia as High Risk Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Jahrom, Southern, Iran
Authors: Sotoodeh Jahromi Abdolreza , Ahmadi-vasmehjani Abbas , Zabetian Hassan , Hakimelahi Hossein , Yusefi Alireza , Sanie Mohammad Sadegh , Talebnia Jahromi Somayehsadat , Ghanei Masoud , Sapidkar Abdolali , Erfanian Saiedeh , Madani Abdolhossien , Kafilzadeh Farshid , Kargar Mohammad , Hojjat-Farsangi Mohammad 
Published: February 2016

<p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) could be cause of viral hepatitis in the developing countries and cause severe epidemics. According to other studies, blood transfusion as a probable route of HEV infection has been suggested. An infection with hepatitis agents such as HEV causes active liver failure in multi-transfusion patients in particular thalassemia. The purpose of this study determines the seropositivity of anti-HEV antibodies in thalassemia individuals in Jahrom. In a cross-sectional study, sera from 110 thalassemia were collected between 2013 and 2014. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was performed to detection of anti-HEV antibodies. Individuals’ data were collected such as, demographic and clinical, for statistical analysis. Our results show that 10% and 1.8% of the enrolled patients were HEV Ig-G and Ig-M positive antibodies respectively. In addition, there was statiscally significant difference in age groups for prevalence of anti-HEV Ig-G (P = 0.01). Also the serum levels of liver enzymes such as ALT and AST in the HEV Ig-G and Ig-M positive samples were significantly higher than anti-HEV negative samples. But there were no significant difference between sex and splenectomy with anti-HEV positive samples. The results indicate more study are needed to assess HEV screening of blood products to these patients that those have a probably risk of exposure to HEV especially in higher years old. </p>
Inspraak van verstandelijk gehandicapten
Authors: Malsch M. , Verhagen-Maat M.L.W. 
Published: February 2016

Inspraak van verstandelijk gehandicapten. Effectiviteit en ineffectiviteit van wet- en regelgeving
Dit artikel bespreekt de doelstellingen van de wet- en regelgeving die van toepassing is op inspraak in de zorg en onderzoekt de doelbereiking in de praktijk. Ingegaan wordt op de doelstelling en naleving van de Wet medezeggenschap cliënten zorginstellingen (WMCZ) en van wetten en beleidsregels die betrekking hebben op andere vormen van inspraak van verstandelijk gehandicapten, zoals het zorgplan en het leefwensenonderzoek. Geen van de betrokken wetten of beleidsregels blijkt in de praktijk te functioneren conform het doel: vergroting van de daadwerkelijke inspraak van de cliënt. De vraag wordt gesteld of wet- en regelgeving een geschikte methode is om betere inspraak te bevorderen. In de conclusies worden suggesties voor verbetering van mogelijkheden van inspraak gedaan, waarbij aandacht wordt besteed aan zowel wet- en regelgeving en toezicht als alternatieve benaderingen.
Ontwikkelingen in de governance van onderwijsinstellingen en de rol van medezeggenschap daarbij
Authors: Veringa J.A.P. , Schouten L. 
Published: February 2016

Ontwikkelingen in de governance van onderwijsinstellingen en de rol van medezeggenschap daarbij
In deze bijdrage wordt teruggekeken op de ontwikkelingen in de afgelopen tien jaar van sturing in het onderwijs en de rol van de medezeggenschap hierbij. De vraag wat de visie op de rol van maatschappelijk belanghebbenden is en in welke mate de overheid met succes belanghebbenden (zowel de medezeggenschap als andere stakeholders) stimuleert om de kwaliteit van het onderwijs en van het bestuur te verbeteren staat in deze bijdrage centraal. In alle onderwijssectoren is in juridische zin de positie van de medezeggenschap versterkt, maar de medezeggenschap heeft volgens de auteurs beperkte invloed gehad in situaties waar problemen aan het ontstaan waren. Hier valt winst te behalen. Hiermee kan ook de legitimatie van de semipublieke instellingen in het onderwijs worden versterkt. Wij zijn van oordeel dat de rol van de medezeggenschap een meer integraal onderdeel van de visie op goed bestuur in het onderwijs zou moeten zijn.
Xeno-Free Extraction, Culture, and Cryopreservation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Escobar Carlos Hugo , Chaparro Orlando 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMolecules of animal or bacterial origin, which pose a risk for zoonoses or immune rejection, are commonly used for extraction, culture, and cryopreservation of mesenchymal stem cells. There is no sequential and orderly protocol for producing human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) under xeno-free conditions. After standardizing a human platelet lysate (hPL) production protocol, four human adipose tissue samples were processed through explants with fetal bovine serum (FBS)-supplemented or hPL-supplemented media for extracting the adipose-derived stem cells. The cells were cultivated in cell culture medium + hPL (5%) or FBS (10%). The cellular replication rate, immunophenotype, and differentiation potential were evaluated at fourth passage. Cellular viability was evaluated before and after cryopreservation of the cells, with an hPL-based solution compared with an FBS-based solution. The explants cultured in hPL-supplemented media showed earlier and faster hASC proliferation than did those supplemented with FBS. Likewise, cells grown in hPL-supplemented media showed a greater proliferation rate, without losing the immunophenotype. Osteogenic differentiation of xeno-free hASC was higher than the hASC produced in standard conditions. However, adipogenic differentiation was reduced in xeno-free hASC. Finally, the cells cryopreserved in an hPL-based solution showed a higher cellular viability than the cells cryopreserved in an FBS-based. In conclusion, we have developed a complete xeno-free protocol for extracting, culturing, and cryopreserving hASCs that can be safely implemented in clinical studies.SignificanceThis study was performed to standardize a complete ordered protocol to produce xeno-free human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) as a safe therapeutic alternative. Cells were extracted by adipose tissue explants and then cultured and cryopreserved using human platelet lysate (hPL). Different scientific journals have published data regarding the use of hPL as a safe fetal bovine serum substitute for hASC culture, using heparin to avoid clot formation. This article reports the use of hPL for extracting, culturing, and cryopreserving hASCs without anticoagulant.