bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy system contributions and determinants of performance in sprint cross‐country skiing
Authors: Andersson E. , Björklund G. , Holmberg H‐C. , Ørtenblad N. 
Published: February 2016

To improve current understanding of energy contributions and determinants of sprint‐skiing performance, 11 well‐trained male cross‐country skiers were tested in the laboratory for VO2max, submaximal gross efficiency (GE), maximal roller skiing velocity, and sprint time‐trial (STT) performance. The STT was repeated four times on a 1300‐m simulated sprint course including three flat (1°) double poling (DP) sections interspersed with two uphill (7°) diagonal stride (DS) sections. Treadmill velocity and VO2 were monitored continuously during the four STTs and data were averaged. Supramaximal GE during the STT was predicted from the submaximal relationships for GE against velocity and incline, allowing computation of metabolic rate and O2 deficit. The skiers completed the STT in 232 ± 10 s (distributed as 55 ± 3% DP and 45 ± 3% DS) with a mean power output of 324 ± 26 W. The anaerobic energy contribution was 18 ± 5%, with an accumulated O2 deficit of 45 ± 13 mL/kg. Block‐wise multiple regression revealed that VO2, O2 deficit, and GE explained 30%, 15%, and 53% of the variance in STT time, respectively (all P < 0.05). This novel GE‐based method of estimating the O2 deficit in simulated sprint‐skiing has demonstrated an anaerobic energy contribution of 18%, with GE being the strongest predictor of performance.
Black Votes Count: The 2014 Republican Senate Nomination in Mississippi*
Authors: Hood M. V. , McKee Seth C. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveThis article examines the role of black votes in contributing to the renomination of 36‐year Republican Senator Thad Cochran of Mississippi. In 2014, Senator Cochran faced a formidable primary challenge from State Senator Chris McDaniel, a notably more conservative politician. After narrowly losing the primary, Cochran prevailed in the runoff because enough black voters decided to support him.MethodsWe use precinct‐level racial data to derive ecological inference estimates of turnout and then employ a racially homogenous precinct analysis to determine the percentage of the black and white vote won by Cochran and McDaniel.ResultsOur empirical analysis provides convincing evidence that if not for the increase in black voters in the runoff and their overwhelming support for Senator Cochran, his opponent would have ended his lengthy political career.ConclusionsRace has always been the centerpiece of politics in the Deep South state of Mississippi. This is an empirical account of an unlikely electoral event that speaks to the importance of the changing state of southern politics and how a marginalized minority population can still play a pivotal role in a region dominated by a white Republican majority.
Residential Racial Diversity: Are Transracial Adoptive Families More Like Multiracial or White Families?*
Authors: Kreider Rose M. , Raleigh Elizabeth 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to examine whether and how the residential racial diversity of transracially adopted children (i.e., nonwhite children adopted by white parents) varies from those of biological children in white monoracial families and biological children in mixed‐race families.MethodUsing the restricted access 2009 American Community Survey, we take advantage of the large number of adoptive families not only to investigate differences among these families, but also to explore whether racial socialization within transracial adoptive families varies by the race and nativity of the child.ResultsWe show that the context of racial socialization for transracially adopted children is more similar to that of white children in monoracial families than that of children in mixed race families.ConclusionThis article adds a quantitative, nationally representative picture of the context of racial socialization for specific groups of transracially adopted children, complementing existing research published in this area.
Increased coagulation and fibrinolytic potential of solvent–detergent plasma: a comparative study between Omniplasma and fresh frozen plasma
Authors: van Beers J. J. B. C. , van Egmond L. T. , Wetzels R. J. H. , Verhezen P. W. M. , Beckers E. A. M. , van Oerle R. , Spronk H. M. H. , Straat R. J. M. H. E. , Henskens Y. M. C. 
Published: February 2016

Background and objectivesIn this study, differences in levels of proteins involved in coagulation and fibrinolysis were compared between fresh frozen (quarantine plasma) and Omniplasma. Furthermore, thawing conditions and plasma stability after thawing were studied.Materials and Methods10 Omniplasma and 10 quarantine plasma units were used to study different procoagulation, anticoagulation and fibrinolytic parameters. Analysis took place at different time‐points during plasma storage at 2–6°C.ResultsAt baseline, significant reduced levels of factor V, free protein S, α2‐antiplasmin and tPA‐induced ROTEM lysis time were observed in Omniplasma as compared to quarantine plasma. Moreover, thrombin generation, IXa‐AT complex levels and factor XIa were significantly increased in Omniplasma. The majority of the parameters studied remained stable in Omniplasma 48 h after thawing, with the exception of factor VIII (decrease) and IXa‐AT (increase).ConclusionOur results suggest an increased coagulation potential, presumingly as a result of contact activation during the production process and also, an increased fibrinolytic potential in Omniplasma.The stability of Omniplasma, based upon the different parameters studied, is comparable to Q‐plasma. A maximum post‐thawing time of 48 hfor Omniplasma can be suggested.
Rare blood types in the Asia Pacific region
Authors: Tani Y. 
Published: February 2016

Rare blood types are generally defined as those that occur at a frequency of 1 : 1000 or less. However, some rare blood types have much different frequencies in global regions or specific ethnic groups. This review explores rare blood types in the following categories: rare blood types that lack high‐frequency antigens and where to find them, rare blood types that express low‐frequency antigens, rare blood types with higher or lower frequencies in the Asia Pacific region and rare blood types that are difficult to find in the Asia Pacific region but are provided by the JRC. In addition, the study of rare blood types has revealed clinical correlations with disease states and resistance to infections.
A systematic review of red blood cell alloimmunization in pregnant women in Africa: time to do better
Authors: Ngoma A. M. , Mutombo P. B. , Ikeda K. , Nollet K. E. , Natukunda B. , Ohto H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe presence of red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies in pregnant women has been linked to the significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. A limited number of African studies have assessed alloimmunization to RBC antigens in pregnant women, but this literature has not been systematically reviewed. Thus, the aim of this study was to synthetize, by systematic review, the current evidence on RBC alloantibodies among pregnant women in Africa.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Africa‐Wide Information database to identify relevant studies in any language. Case reports, comments, letters, conference abstracts, editorials and review articles were excluded.ResultsOf 269 potentially relevant articles, 12 studies representing 93 871 pregnant women fulfilled our selection criteria. Overall proportions of RBC alloimmunization exhibited a wide variation ranging from 1·1 (95% CI: 1·0, 1·2) to 12·1 (95% CI: 9·8, 14·7) per 100 pregnant women. Among clinically relevant antibodies, anti‐D ranked as the most common, followed by anti‐K and anti‐E.ConclusionThe review of the available literature characterized the clinical challenge of RBC alloimmunization among pregnant women in Africa and revealed the insufficient volume and quality of research conducted in this topic. Improvement of quality of research should be a priority to gather stronger evidence that should drive policy decisions and strengthen practice in favour of RBC alloantibody screening in pregnant women as a standard of care throughout Africa.
Response of Lonkida (Nauclea orientalis L.) towards Mycorrhizal Inoculum in Waterlogged Condition
Authors: Tuheteru Faisal Danu , Kusmana Cecep , Mansur Irdika , Iskandar Iskandar 
Published: February 2016

This study was carried out to examine the morpho-anatomical adaptation, survival, growth, biomass and nutrient uptake of lonkida (Nauclea orientalis L.) from different habitats inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on waterlogging conditions for 90 days. The results showed that the lonkida seedlings formed lenticels (100%), adventitious roots (41%) and aerenchym under waterlogging conditions. Seedling from dry land habitats, both mycorrhizal and no-mycorrhizal, have a height growth rate lower than those from other habitat types. Similarly for relative growth rates of shoot (RGRs), root (RGRr) and total (RGRt) dry weight and the ratio of root shoots. Treatments of temporal swamp habitat without waterlogging and waterlogging and savanna with waterlogging have RGRt greater than other treatments. In general, plant dry weight (root, shoot and total) and total N in roots and shoots was greater in the interactionbetween Â temporalswamp habitat with no-mycorrhizal on waterlogging condition. Independently, waterlogging increase the pool of average height gain (18%), diameter (46%) and leaf area (40%), leaf length (17%) and leaf width (21%). Nonetheless, treatment waterlogging decreased variable number of leaves (9%) andAMF colonization (71%). The results of this study indicate that the seedlings from the temporal swamp has good growth and high biomass in the conditions without or with waterlogging.Keywords : arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, lonkida, morpho-anatomical adaptations, Nauclea orientalisL, swamp, waterlogging
An Automated System to Quantify Aircraft Encounters with Convectively Induced Turbulence over Europe and the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Meneguz Elena , Wells Helen , Turp Debi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIt is well known that encounters with moderate or severe turbulence can lead to passenger and crew injuries and incur high insurance costs for airlines. Atmospheric convection is thought to induce a significant proportion of turbulence experienced by commercial aircraft, but its relative importance over Europe and the northeastern Atlantic Ocean area has not yet been quantified in a systematic way. In this study, a new approach is developed to automatically detect turbulent events associated with convective sources. Observations of convection over Europe and the northeastern Atlantic were obtained from the Met Office Arrival Time Detection system (ATDnet) and from Meteosat Second Generation satellite imagery. The system is run for all in situ reports of turbulence received from a commercial airline for two 6-month periods (summer 2013 and summer 2014). It is found that, as a monthly average, 14% of all aircraft encounters with turbulence occur in the proximity of a convective storm. These findings are interpreted and discussed together with the limitations of the system and observations that were used in this study.
Seasonal Exchanges of the Kuroshio and Shelf Waters and Their Impacts on the Shelf Currents of the East China Sea
Authors: Wang Jia , Oey Lie Yauw 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPrevious in situ observations and modeling studies have indicated that, through mass and momentum exchanges across the shelf edge, the Kuroshio can significantly influence the shelf currents of the East China Sea (ECS). Here, instead of localized observations, this study uses 25 yr of drifter data, supported by satellite and other data to identify seasonal cross-shelf exchanges along the entire shelf edge. The authors show that Kuroshio meanders onshore from fall to winter and offshore from spring to summer, with the largest amplitude northeast of Taiwan. The influence is limited to the shelf edge when the Kuroshio meanders offshore in spring and summer. By contrast, strong onshelf intrusions and cross-shelf exchanges occur when the Kuroshio meanders onshore in fall and winter. Drifters intrude onshelf northeast of Taiwan and spread as far north as 30°N against the strong northeasterly wind. The forcing on the shelf is identified as a northward downsloping of the sea level that is steepest north of Taiwan at 25°–28°N, but which is 3 times weaker farther north. The vorticity budget computed from a numerical model indicates that intrusion during fall and winter is primarily a result of balance between onshelf advection of ambient potential vorticity and vorticity production by the along-isobath pressure gradient acting on the changing mass of water column across the continental slope.
The efficiency of O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides in reducing the incidence of superficial venous insufficiency in patients with calf muscle pump dysfunction
Authors: Yildiz Cenk Eray , Conkbayir Cenk , Huseynov Eldeniz , Sayin Omer Ali , Tok Okan , Kaynak Gokhan , Cebi Deniz , Ugurlucan Murat , Kantarci Fatih , Inan Muharrem 
Published: February 2016

Objective We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of O-(beta-Hydroxyethyl)-rutosides (Oxerutin) in reducing the incidence of venous system disease among patients with calf muscle pump dysfunction secondary to immobilization due to lower-limb fractures. Methods A total of 60 patients with lower-limb fractures and immobilized in plaster casts were included in this study randomized into control (n = 30; mean: 30.37 ± 6.03 years; 73.3% males; no treatment) and experiment (n = 30; mean: 31.67 ± 4.76 years; 66.6% males; Oxerutin, 500 mg po q12hr) treatment groups. Doppler ultrasound was performed to evaluate the effect of oxerutin on the alterations in the venous circulation. Results Patients in the control group were determined to be more commonly affected from the below-knee immobilization in terms of venous dysfunction in the great saphenous vein in the below-knee region when compared with the patients in the oxerutin treatment group (46.7 vs. 13.3%, respectively; p = 0.011). Incidence of reflux in the small saphenous vein was more common in the control group during the healing period when compared with the experiment group (40.0 vs. 10.0%, respectively; p = 0.017). None of the patients developed venous thrombosis. Conclusions In conclusion, the impairment of the lower extremity muscle pump should be considered as an important risk factor for venous disease, and should be evaluated. O-(beta-Hydroxyethyl)-rutosides during 6–8 week cast immobilization for a lower limb fracture may be an effective prophylactic regimen in reducing the incidence of reflux in the below-knee superficial veins.
Functional neuroanatomy associated with the interaction between emotion and cognition in explicit memory tasks in patients with generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Moon Chung-Man , Yang Jong-Chul , Jeong Gwang-Woo 
Published: February 2016

Background The functional neuroanatomy for explicit memory in conjunction with the major anxiety symptoms in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has not yet been clearly identified. Purpose To investigate the brain activation patterns on the interaction between emotional and cognitive function during the explicit memory tasks, as well as its correlation with clinical characteristics in GAD. Material and Methods The participants comprised GAD patients and age-matched healthy controls. The fMR images were obtained while the participants performed an explicit memory task with neutral and anxiety-inducing words. Results Patients showed significantly decreased functional activities in the putamen, head of the caudate nucleus, hippocampus, and middle cingulate gyrus during the memory tasks with the neutral and anxiety-inducing words, whereas the precentral gyrus and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly increased only in the memory tasks with the anxiety-inducing words. Also, the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes in the hippocampus were positively correlated with the recognition accuracy for both neutral and anxiety-inducing words. Conclusion This study identified the brain areas associated with the interaction between emotional regulation and cognitive function in the explicit memory tasks in patients with GAD. These findings would be helpful to understand the neural mechanism on the explicit memory-related cognitive deficits and emotional dysfunction with GAD symptoms.
Towards a pragmatic human migraine model for drug testing: 2. Isosorbide-5-mononitrate in healthy individuals
Authors: Hansen Emma Katrine , Olesen Jes 
Published: February 2016

Background A model for the testing of novel anti-migraine drugs should preferably use healthy volunteers for ease of recruiting. Isosorbide-5-mononitrate (5-ISMN) provokes headache in healthy volunteers with some migraine features such as pulsating pain quality and aggravation by physical activity. Therefore, this headache might respond to sumatriptan, a requirement for validation of any model. The hypothesis of the present study was that sumatriptan is effective in 5-ISMN-induced headache in healthy individuals. Methods In a double-blind, randomised, crossover design, 30 healthy volunteers of both sexes received 5-ISMN 60 mg on two separate days, each day followed by oral self-administered placebo or sumatriptan 50 mg. Headache response and accompanying symptoms were registered in a questionnaire by the participants themselves. Results 5-ISMN induced a reproducible headache in all 30 participants. The headache had several migraine-like features in all participants and 20 individuals developed a migraine-like attack. Median peak headache score was 5 on both experimental days ( p = 1.00). There was no reduction, but instead an increase in headache intensity 2 hours after sumatriptan ( p = 0.003). Difference in area under the headache score curve (AUC) 0–4 hours between sumatriptan and placebo was not significant ( p = 0.30). Conclusion 5-ISMN is a very powerful inducer of migraine-like headache in healthy individuals but the headache does not respond to sumatriptan. The model is not useful for future drug testing.
May headache triggered by odors be regarded as a differentiating factor between migraine and other primary headaches?
Authors: Silva-Néto Raimundo Pereira , Rodrigues Ânderson Batista , Cavalcante Dandara Coelho , Ferreira Pedro Henrique Piauilino Benvindo , Nasi Ema Pereira , Sousa Kamila Maria de Holanda , Peres Mário Fernando Pietro , Valença Marcelo Moraes 
Published: February 2016

Objectives The objective of this article is to characterize olfactory stimulation as a trigger of headaches attacks and differentiation between migraine and other primary headaches. Participants and methods The study was prospective and experimental, with comparison of groups. A total of 158 volunteers (73 men and 85 women) were diagnosed with primary headaches, according to the criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, Third Edition (beta version) (ICHD-3β). The study was conducted by two examiners; one of them was assigned to diagnose the presence and type of primary headache, while the other was responsible for exposing the volunteers to odor and recording the effects of this exposure. Results Of the 158 volunteers with headache, there were 72 (45.6%) cases of migraine and 86 (54.4%) with other primary headaches. In both groups, there were differences in headache characteristics (χ2 = 4.132; p = 0.046). Headache attacks (25/72; 34.7%) and nausea (5/72; 6.9%) were triggered by odor only in patients with migraine, corresponding to 19.0% (30/158) of the sample, but in none with other primary headaches (χ2 = 43.78; p < 0.001). Headache occurred more often associated with nausea ( p = 0.146) and bilateral location ( p = 0.002) in migraineurs who had headache triggered by odor. Headache was triggered after 118 ± 24.6 min and nausea after 72.8 ± 84.7 min of exposure to odor. Conclusions The odor triggered headache attacks or nausea only in migraineurs. Therefore, headache triggered by odors may be considered a factor of differentiation between migraine and other primary headaches and this trigger seems very specific of migraine.
ADAMTS13-mediated thrombolysis of t-PA–resistant occlusions in ischemic stroke in mice
Authors: Denorme Frederik , Langhauser Friederike , Desender Linda , Vandenbulcke Aline , Rottensteiner Hanspeter , Plaimauer Barbara , François Olivier , Andersson Tommy , Deckmyn Hans , Scheiflinger Friedrich , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , De Meyer Simon F. 
Published: February 2016

Key Points
ADAMTS13 dissolves t-PA–resistant cerebral occlusions in a mouse model of stroke. The thrombolytic activity of ADAMTS13 could become useful for more efficient and safer thrombolytic treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
Identification of features of demand for tourist products and services of the Klin municipal district of the Moscow region
Authors: Кривошеева Татьяна , Krivosheeva Tatiana 
Published: February 2016

The article is a result of the study “Marketing, organizational and economic evaluation of tourism resources
of the Klin municipal district”, implemented by the creative team of Russian State University of Tourism and
Service in 2015. Among the major research areas were identified: quantitative assessment of the tourist flow
on the objects of the Klin municipal area, qualitative assessment of the tourist flow on the objects of the Klin
municipal district, assessment of the possibility and expediency of use of resources of the Klin municipal district
of various types, in developing the strategy the development of tourism, formation of tourism products and
programs that mitigate the effects of seasonality, as well as stimulating entrepreneurial initiative and generate
unique value proposition to consumers, risk assessment and identification of strategic benefits promising tourist
and recreational development of the Klin municipal district. In the article the author interprets the research
material in terms of characteristics of the target consumer groups of tourism products of the Klin municipal area,
the characteristics of their consumer behavior and preferences in the sphere of tourism. The main research
methods were routing intelligence, audit and certification of tourist and information resources of the municipal
district, questioning real consumers of tourist services, case interviewing of authorized representatives of the
anchor tourist attractions of the Klin municipal district. To study the opinions of real consumers of tourist
services, the author uses the method of questioning at the place of tourist-excursion service; the sample is
formed by the main body that requires involvement in the study of all the incoming flow of visitors to tourist
object in a certain period, in this case during the opening hours of visiting sites and displaying.