bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gonadal function is associated with cardiometabolic health in pre‐pubertal boys with Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Davis S. , Lahlou N. , Bardsley M. , Temple M.‐C. , Kowal K. , Pyle L. , Zeitler P. , Ross J. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe most common sex chromosome aneuploidy, Klinefelter syndrome (KS), is associated with primary gonadal failure and increased morbidity and mortality from cardiometabolic disorders in adulthood. Children with KS also have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) features. To assess the relationship of gonadal and cardiometabolic function in children with KS, we evaluated serum hormones [gonadotropins, inhibin B (INHB), anti‐mullerian hormone (AMH), total testosterone (TT)], and features of MetS (waist circumference, fasting lipid panel, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and blood pressure) in 93 pre‐pubertal boys with KS age 4–12 years (mean 7.7 ± 2.5 years). The cohort was grouped by age and tanner stage, and biomarkers were compared to normal ranges. A total of 80% of this pre‐pubertal cohort had ≥1 feature of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and 11% had ≥3 features of MetS. Risk of MetS was independent of age and body mass index. Sertoli cell dysfunction was common with 18% having an INHB below the normal range. A low INHB was associated with higher FBG, triglycerides, LDL, and lower HDL (p < 0.05). An INHB <50 ng/dL yielded a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 79% for having ≥3 features of MetS. INHB and AMH positively correlated with each other (p < 0.001), and high AMH was protective of MetS. TT was below the lower limit of normal in 49% of subjects, with mean values significantly lower than expected (3.3 ng/dL vs. 4.9 ng/dL, p < 0.0001), however, no convincing relationship between TT and MetS was seen. In conclusion, gonadal and cardiometabolic dysfunction are prevalent in pre‐pubertal boys with KS. Although the relationship of testosterone deficiency and MetS is well‐known, this study is the first to report an association between impaired Sertoli cell function and cardiometabolic risk.
Long‐term risk of endometrial cancer following postmenopausal bleeding and reassuring endometrial biopsy
Authors: Visser Nicole C.M. , Sparidaens Ellen M. , van den Brink Jan‐Willem , Breijer Maria C. , Boss Erik A. , Veersema Sebastiaan , Siebers Albert G. , Bulten Johan , Pijnenborg Johanna M.A. , Bekkers Ruud L.M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroductionWomen with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrial thickness >4 mm undergo endometrial sampling to exclude endometrial cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the relative risk of developing endometrial cancer in a prospective cohort after initial work‐up for postmenopausal bleeding showing reassuring histology or insufficient sampling.Material and methodsAll women presenting with postmenopausal bleeding were prospectively included from January 2009 to April 2011. Follow‐up data were collected from patient charts and PALGA (Dutch Pathology Registry). Hazard ratios for endometrial cancer were determined by calculating standardized incidence ratios.ResultsA total of 668 women were included and 568 women were available for follow‐up [median follow‐up time 47 (range 7–63) months]. Women who presented with postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial thickness >4 mm and hyperplasia without atypia on biopsy at the first presentation showed a significantly increased risk (standardized incidence ratio 17.15, 95% confidence interval 1.96–61.93) of being diagnosed with endometrial cancer during the first four years of follow up compared with the age‐specific population. All women that developed endometrial cancer after initial reassuring histology presented with recurrent postmenopausal bleeding. None of the women with endometrial thickness >4 mm and no or insufficient sample for histology at the first presentation developed endometrial cancer during the follow up.ConclusionsAlthough in general, women with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia are considered to have a low risk for cancer, we observed a significant long‐term risk of endometrial cancer after postmenopausal bleeding. Whether additional diagnostics or a more stringent follow‐up regimen would be cost‐effective, needs to be studied.
Countering elephant raiding with Short Message Service: Challenges of deploying public participation‐based systems in a setting with sparse Information Communication Technologies resources
Authors: Sarkar Dipto , Chapman Colin A. , Kagoro Wilson , Sengupta Raja 
Published: September 2016

Key Messages

This paper explores whether traditional crisis mapping systems can be used to tackle the perennial livelihood problem of elephant raiding around Kibale National Park, Uganda.
The goal of the system described in this paper is to streamline the process of reporting elephant raiding to forest officials so that park services can be effectively deployed.
The challenges and considerations of deploying such a system in an environment where ICT resources are sparse are described.
Putting the child at the centre of inter‐professional cooperation in out‐of‐home care
Authors: Schwartz Ida 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA large part of most children's childhood is about taking part in educational and leisure‐time activities together with other children across various contexts. However, children in out‐of‐home care do not always have easy access to these possibilities for participation. In general, parents coordinate their children's everyday lives, but in the case of children in out‐of‐home care, the responsibility of care is distributed between several professionals and institutions. Research often recommends that inter‐professional cooperation should put the child at the centre and be more child focused. But what does that mean? The paper investigates theoretical understandings of ‘child centredness’ in inter‐professional cooperation. It also includes an empirical example taken from a research project that followed four children in their everyday lives in two residential homes in Denmark. The research explored how professionals work together across contexts in order to support children to take part in school and leisure‐time activities. The overall reasoning leads to the point that for children in out‐of‐home care, the possibility of exercising personal agency in their everyday life constitutes a difficult but vital issue. How children in out‐of‐home care learn how to conduct their everyday lives, is closely related to the ways professionals cooperate across contexts. It points to the need for close inter‐professional cooperation in order to encourage and support children's initiatives and engagements in activities in communities with other children.
Immediate Loading of Fixed Complete Denture Prosthesis Supported by 4–8 Implants Placed Using Guided Surgery: A 5‐Year Prospective Study on 66 Patients with 356 Implants
Authors: Meloni Silvio Mario , Tallarico Marco , Pisano Milena , Xhanari Erta , Canullo Luigi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundHigh primary implant stability is considered one of the main factors necessary for achieving predictable treatment outcomes with immediately loaded implant‐supported screw‐retained fixed complete denture prosthesis (FCDP).PurposeTo evaluate the 5‐year clinical and radiographic outcomes of immediately loaded implants placed in edentulous patients using computer‐assisted template‐guided surgery to support a FCDP.Materials & Methods: Patients in need to be restored with a FCDP in the mandible or maxilla were included in this prospective study/ and treated using computer‐assisted template‐guided surgery. Implant sites were prepared in order to achieve an insertion torque ranging between 35–45 Ncm in the mandible and 45–55 Ncm in the maxilla. A prefabricated screw‐retained provisional prosthesis was delivered the day of the surgery. Outcomes were: implant and prosthesis cumulative survival rate (CSR), any complications, and peri‐implant marginal bone loss (MBL).ResultsSixty‐six patients received 356 implants to support 68 FCDPs. Each patient received 4–8 implants. Seven implants failed in six patients, resulting in a CSR of 98.1%. Two definitive prostheses failed resulting in CSR of 97.1%. Mean MBL of 1.62 ± 0.41 mm was reported at the 5‐year follow‐up. Five implants (1.4%) showed a mean mesio‐distal peri‐implant bone loss greater than 3.0 mm and received nonsurgical therapy.Conclusionsimmediately loaded implants placed in edentulous patients using computer‐assisted template‐guided surgery to support a FCDP is a valid treatment concept in the medium term follow‐up, for edentulous patients.
Bone Remodeling around Implants Placed in Augmented Sinuses in Patients with and without History of Periodontitis
Authors: Uribarri Agurne , Bilbao Eneritz , Marichalar‐Mendia Xabier , Martínez‐Conde Rafael , Aguirre José M. , Verdugo Fernando 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundSusceptible individuals may be more prone to bone loss after augmentation procedures.PurposeIdentify plausible clinical and biological factors influencing apical and marginal bone remodeling at implants placed in augmented sinuses, in patients with and without history of periodontitis.Materials and MethodsThis prospective cross‐sectional clinical study analyzed implant bone levels in a group of 104 patients with and without history of periodontitis undergoing 139 sinus augmentation procedures. Marginal and apical bone loss (MBL/ABL) was measured post‐loading using a standardized digital technique. Measurements were taken preoperatively, at second stage implant uncovery, one year after loading and at an average of 53‐months follow‐up. Odds ratios were calculated to evaluate risks factors of contributing variables, such as, smoking, history of periodontitis, membrane perforation, surgical approach, grafting material, use of PRP, and implant design/dimensions.ResultsPatients with history of periodontitis were 8.43 times more likely to present more than 2mm of MBL than patients without it (p =.041; CI95%: 1.09–65.12). Smokers were 4.97 times more likely to present over 2 mm of MBL than non‐smokers (p =.003; CI95%: 1.70–14.54). Sinus membrane perforations were 11.4 times more likely to present ABL than those without perforation (p = 0.007; CI95%: 1.94–66.93). Mean MBL/ABL after 1‐year post‐loading and at last control were 0.49/0.56 mm and 0.67/0.46 mm, respectively. The use of a collagen membrane to cover the antrostomy and only xenograft as grafting material decreased ABL by 0.9 mm. The combination of autologous/xenograft bone was 4.04 times more likely to present higher ABL than xenograft alone (p = 0.023; CI95%: 1.21–13.45). Overall implant survival/success rates were 94.39%/91.33%, respectively.ConclusionsSmoking and previous history of periodontitis negatively affects implant MBL. Sinus membrane perforation was associated with higher ABL. Lack of association between bone remodeling at marginal and apical areas suggests that they are different and independent processes.
Snapshot of cobalt, chromium and nickel exposure in dental technicians
Authors: Kettelarij Jolinde , Nilsson Sara , Midander Klara , Lidén Carola , Julander Anneli 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBackgroundIt is not fully understood where and how people are exposed to sensitizing metals. Much can be learnt from studying occupational settings where metals are handled.ObjectivesTo quantify cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) exposure on the skin and in the air, and urine levels, in dental technicians working with tools and alloys that may result in skin and respiratory exposure.MethodsThe metal skin dose was quantified with acid wipe sampling in dental technicians (n = 13). Air exposure was monitored by personal air sampling. Spot urine samples were collected for 24 h. Metals were analysed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.ResultsBefore work, Co was detected on the skin of 10 participants (0.00025–0.0039 µg/cm2), and Cr (0.00051–0.011 µg/cm2) and Ni (0.0062–0.15 µg/cm2) on the skin of all participants. After a 2‐h period without hand washing, CoCr‐exposed participants had more Co on the skin (p = 0.004) than non‐CoCr‐exposed participants. Co was found in 10 air samples (0.22–155 µg/m3), Cr in nine (0.43–71 µg/m3), and Ni in four (0.48–3.7 µg/m3). Metal urine concentrations were considered to be normal.ConclusionsDental technicians were exposed to Co, Cr and Ni on the skin and through the air, which was not reflected in the urine concentrations in this study. Cobalt skin doses may potentially elicit allergic contact dermatitis and cause sensitization.
Is the interval from surgery to ileostomy closure a risk factor for low anterior resection syndrome?
Authors: Jiménez‐Rodríguez R. M. , Segura‐Sampedro J. J. , Rivero‐Belenchón I. , Díaz Pavón J. M. , García Cabrera A. M. , Vazquez Monchul J. M. , Padillo J. , de la Portilla F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimLow anterior resection syndrome (LARS) comprises a collection of symptoms affecting patients after restorative surgery for rectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to analyse the incidence of LARS in patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery with and without subsequent ileostomy and to determine whether the interval to ileostomy closure is a factor associated with its occurrence.MethodAll patients undergoing curative anterior resection for rectal cancer from 2008 to 2012 in our institution were included in the study. They were divided into two groups according to whether or not a defunctioning ileostomy had been performed. Patients were assessed for LARS at a median interval of 23.60 ± 16.73 (12−48) months from anterior resection in those who did not have an ileostomy and at an interval of 11.31 ± 14.24 (12−60) months from closure of the ileostomy in those who did. They underwent a structured telephone interview based on a validated LARS score questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analysis was carried out to assess possible associations between LARS and the variables studied.ResultsThere were 150 patients (93 men) of whom 54.7% had no evidence of LARS, 17.3% had minor symptoms and 28% major symptoms of LARS. Univariate analysis showed that male gender, the presence of a temporary ileostomy and neoadjuvant therapy were predisposing factors for LARS. The interval from construction of the ileostomy to its closure did not appear to be a factor associated with LARS. In multivariate analysis, male gender and preoperative neoadjuvant therapy were significant predisposing factors for LARS.ConclusionMale gender and preoperative neoadjuvant therapy are risk factors for LARS. The presence of ileostomy or time to ileostomy closure is not associated with the development of this syndrome.
Foraging success under uncertainty: search tradeoffs and optimal space use
Authors: Bartumeus Frederic , Campos Daniel , Ryu William S. , Lloret‐Cabot Roger , Méndez Vicenç , Catalan Jordi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the structural complexity and the main drivers of animal search behaviour is pivotal to foraging ecology. Yet, the role of uncertainty as a generative mechanism of movement patterns is poorly understood. Novel insights from search theory suggest that organisms should collect and assess new information from the environment by producing complex exploratory strategies. Based on an extension of the first passage time theory, and using simple equations and simulations, we unveil the elementary heuristics behind search behaviour. In particular, we show that normal diffusion is not enough for determining optimal exploratory behaviour but anomalous diffusion is required. Searching organisms go through two critical sequential phases (approach and detection) and experience fundamental search tradeoffs that may limit their encounter rates. Using experimental data, we show that biological search includes elements not fully considered in contemporary physical search theory. In particular, the need to consider search movement as a non‐stationary process that brings the organism from one informational state to another. For example, the transition from remaining in an area to departing from it may occur through an exploratory state where cognitive search is challenged. Therefore, a more comprehensive view of foraging ecology requires including current perspectives about movement under uncertainty.
Technical comment on Boersma et al. (2016) Temperature driven changes in the diet preference of omnivorous copepods: no more meat when it's hot? Ecology Letters, 19, 45–53
Authors: Winder Monika , Burian Alfred , Landry Michael R , Montagnes David JS , Nielsen Jens M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA recent study concluded that omnivorous plankton will shift from predatory to herbivorous feeding with climate warming, as consumers require increased carbon:phosphorous in their food. Although this is an appealing hypothesis, we suggest the conclusion is unfounded, based on the data presented, which seem in places questionable and poorly interpreted.
Discrimination, domestic violence, abuse, and other adverse life events in people with epilepsy: Population‐based study to assess the burden of these events and their contribution to psychopathology
Authors: Nimmo‐Smith Victoria , Brugha Traolach S. , Kerr Michael P. , McManus Sally , Rai Dheeraj 
Published: September 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo quantify the experience of discrimination, domestic violence, abuse, and other stressful life events in people with epilepsy in comparison with the general population and people with other chronic conditions. To assess whether any excess relative burden of these adversities could explain the higher rates of depression in people with epilepsy.MethodsThe Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007 used comprehensive interviews with 7,403 individuals living in private residences in England. Doctor‐diagnosed epilepsy and other chronic conditions were established by self‐report. Discrimination, domestic violence, physical and sexual abuse, and other stressful life events were assessed using computerized self‐completion and a face‐to‐face interview, respectively.ResultsPeople with epilepsy were sevenfold more likely to have reported experiencing discrimination due to health problems (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 7.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1–16.3), than the general population without epilepsy. This estimate was substantially greater in people with epilepsy than for people with other chronic conditions. People with epilepsy also had greater odds of experiencing domestic violence and sexual abuse than the general population, although these associations were also found in people with other chronic conditions. There was less evidence of an association between epilepsy and a history of physical abuse or having a greater burden of other stressful life events. In exploratory analyses, assuming they lie on the causal pathway, discrimination, domestic violence, and sexual abuse explained 42.7% of the total effect of the relationship between epilepsy and depression or anxiety disorders.SignificancePeople with epilepsy can face a range of psychosocial adversities and extensively report feeling discriminated against as compared to the general population. In addition, if confirmed in longitudinal studies, the results suggest that these psychosocial adversities may have a significant role in the development of psychiatric comorbidity and may be targets for future interventions.
Color Assortative Mating in a Mainland Population of the Poison Frog Oophaga pumilio
Authors: Gade Meaghan R. , Hill Michelle , Saporito Ralph A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAssortative mating is a reproductive strategy used by a diversity of animals, in which individuals choose a mate that shares similar characteristics. This mating strategy has the potential to promote the evolution of various sexual signals and has been a proposed mechanism driving and maintaining color variation in the anuran family Dendrobatidae. Most studies have examined this reproductive strategy in the polytypic poison frog, Oophaga pumilio, in the Bocas del Toro archipelago in Panama. Little attention, however, has been given to ancestral populations across this species’ mainland range, where dramatic color polytypism appears to lack. Additionally, most studies are exclusively experimental and investigate mate choice between allopatric populations, neglecting the behaviors of naturally occurring mates. This study observed natural mating pairs within a population of O. pumilio on mainland Costa Rica and tested the prediction that color phenotype of mating females and males would be correlated. Naturally occurring pairs were found to share similar coloration, suggesting that color assortative mating operates in nature, and in a mainland population. Our results indicate that coloration is an important trait in driving the natural mate choices of female O. pumilio, which provides valuable insight into realistic mate selection tactics of this dendrobatid frog.
Boldness, Dominance, and Territoriality in the Color Polymorphic Tree Lizard, Urosaurus ornatus
Authors: Taylor Julie N. , Lattanzio Matthew S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSocial dynamics in territorial species often reflect underlying variation in aggression and other aspects of social dominance among individuals. In ornate tree lizards (Urosaurus ornatus), males differing in dewlap color differ in social dominance: while blue males are the dominant, aggressive morph and always territorial, yellow males tend to exhibit a less‐aggressive satellite behavioral tactic. However, in habitats with fewer available territorial resources, yellow males defend territories and increase in relative abundance. These observations suggest that consideration of social dominance alone may be insufficient to explain U. ornatus' territorial dynamics in the wild. Here, we tested how both dominance and another important behavioral trait, boldness, contribute to the outcome of territorial disputes in tree lizards. We recorded the territorial behavior of blue and yellow male tree lizards (entered in pairs) in an experimental arena. At the end of each trial, we then approached each male and recorded whether it fled (shy) or not (bold) in response to our approach. As expected, dominant blue males exploited the higher quality perch more often than yellow males. However, when approached by a simulated predator, blue males were more likely to flee than yellow males. Thus, while blue males are more dominant, yellow is likely the bolder morph. As a result, this morph may be better equipped to defend territories in riskier environments. We conclude that although dominance asymmetries may predictably drive initial territorial interactions among competing males, variation in other behaviors (like boldness) may perturb the long‐term outcome of these interactions across variable environments.