bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Seed and Soil: Understanding and Targeting Metastatic Prostate Cancer; Report From the 2016 Coffey–Holden Prostate Cancer Academy Meeting
Authors: Miyahira Andrea K. , Roychowdhury Sameek , Goswami Sangeeta , Ippolito Joseph E. , Priceman Saul J. , Pritchard Colin C. , Sfanos Karen S. , Subudhi Sumit K. , Simons Jonathan W. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Soule Howard R. 
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTIONThe 2016 Coffey–Holden Prostate Cancer Academy (CHPCA) Meeting, “Beyond Seed and Soil: Understanding and Targeting Metastatic Prostate Cancer,” was held from June 23 to June 26, 2016, in Coronado, California.METHODSFor the 4th year in a row, the Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) hosted the CHPCA Meeting, a think tank‐structured scientific conference, which focuses on a specific topic of critical unmet need on the biology and treatment of advanced prostate cancer. The 2016 CHPCA Meeting was attended by 71 investigators from prostate cancer and other fields, who discussed the biology, study methodologies, treatment strategies, and critical unmet needs concerning metastatic prostate cancer, with the ultimate goal of advancing strategies to treat and eliminate this disease.RESULTSThe major topics of discussion included: the molecular landscape and molecular heterogeneity of metastatic prostate cancer, the role of the metastatic microenvironment, optimizing immunotherapy in metastatic prostate cancer, learning from exceptional responders and non‐responders, targeting DNA repair deficiency in advanced prostate cancer, developing and applying novel biomarkers and imaging techniques, and potential roles for the microbiome in prostate cancer.DISCUSSIONThis article reviews the topics presented and discussions held at the CHPCA Meeting, with a focus on the unknowns and next steps needed to advance our understanding of the biology and most effective treatment strategies for metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate 77:123–144, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Macroinvertebrate Functional Trait Responses to Chemical Pollution in Agricultural–Industrial Landscapes
Authors: Pallottini M. , Cappelletti D. , Fabrizi A. , Gaino E. , Goretti E. , Selvaggi R. , Céréghino R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBoth physical–chemical and biological indicators are used to assess the ecological health of ecosystems. The functional trait composition of communities has the potential to predict the impact of environmental change on ecosystems, yet, we miss evidence that information on pollution can be used to forecast the functional responses of freshwater communities. We used chemical and ecological data collected in the Nestore river basin (Central Italy) to test whether (i) there are generalities in the response of macroinvertebrate functional diversity to river pollution; (ii) water pollution filters certain functional traits and (iii) traits do better than chemical analyses at revealing ecological stress in rivers. Due to interactions with hydrology, chemical variables showed higher seasonal variation at impacted sites, so occasional water samples represented snapshots. Functional traits did well at detecting water pollution by various chemicals, and there was a clear shift of trait combinations from unimpacted to impacted sites. Anthropogenic disturbances homogenized benthic communities in terms of taxonomic and functional composition, both in space (impacted sites) and time (seasons). Traits related to feeding habits (mainly reliance on fine particulate organic matter) and tolerance to organic pollution were prevalent at impacted reaches, and functional trait compositions were more stable than water chemistry over seasons because they integrate environmental conditions over longer time periods. Functional traits can play a relevant role in the bioassessment of polluted river ecosystems, even under low to moderate disturbance. Trait‐based assessment can be complemented by chemical analyses, notably at highly polluted sites where biological diversity drops to its lowest levels. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A tale of two effects: Using longitudinal data to compare within‐ and between‐firm effects
Authors: Certo S. Trevis , Withers Michael C. , Semadeni Matthew 
Published: September 2016

Research summary: We investigate the theoretical and empirical implications of longitudinal data in strategy research. Theoretically, longitudinal data allow strategy researchers to distinguish between relationships among constructs within versus between firms. Empirically, longitudinal data contain information about two types of relationships: within‐ and between‐firm. We describe how the hybrid approach, a technique used in other disciplines, disentangles within‐ and between‐firm relationships. We reexamine a study of research and development expenditures to illustrate the advantages of the hybrid approach. Based on our theory and reexamination, we offer a series of recommendations for researchers using longitudinal data to test theoretical perspectives.Managerial summary: Strategy research examines two sources of variation over time: what is occurring within the firm (e.g., Do firms perform better over time when investing more in R&D?) and what is occurring between firms (e.g., Do firms investing more in R&D outperform firms investing less in R&D?). These two sources may be similar or different in both direction and magnitude, and when significant differences exist in either direction or magnitude, researchers must carefully consider the implication of these differences to their theoretical rationale and statistical testing. Our article highlights the benefits of theorizing and testing these two sources of variance, providing scholars the ability to broaden both the theoretical and empirical contribution of their research. This distinction is important to how research informs managerial decision making. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Psycho‐Educational Intervention for People with a Family History of Depression: Pilot Results
Authors: Meiser Bettina , Peate Michelle , Levitan Charlene , Mitchell Philip B , Trevena Lyndal , Barlow‐Stewart Kristine , Dobbins Timothy , Christensen Helen , Sherman Kerry A , Dunlop Kate , Schofield Peter R 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe developed and pilot‐tested the first online psycho‐educational intervention that specifically targets people with a family history of depression (‘LINKS’). LINKS provides genetic risk information and evidence‐rated information on preventive strategies for depression and incorporates a risk assessment tool and several videos using professional actors. LINKS was pilot‐tested in the general practitioner (GP) setting. The patient sample included people with a family history of at least one first‐degree relative (FDR) with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD). Patients attending participating GP practices were invited to enroll in the study by letter from their GP. Patients who self‐identified as having at least one first‐degree relative (FDR) with MDD or BD were eligible. Patients completed questionnaires, pre‐post viewing LINKS, with measures assessing satisfaction, relevance, emotional impact and perceived improvement of understanding. Six GP practices participated, and 24 patients completed both questionnaires. Of these, all reported that they were satisfied or very satisfied with LINKS, and 74 % reported that LINKS met their expectations, and 21 % that it exceeded their expectations. LINKS was judged highly acceptable by this sample of GP attendees, and results indicate that an assessment of its effectiveness in a larger controlled trial is warranted.
Synthesis of Biodegradable Pyrazole, Pyran, Pyrrole, Pyrimidine and Chromene Derivatives having Medical and Surface Activities
Authors: El‐Sayed Refat 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this research, stearic acid and propylene oxide are used to synthesize biodegradable heterocyles (pyrazole, pyran, chromene, and pyrimidine) to improve their solubility and lower their toxicity. The chemical structure of these surfactants was confirmed using IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectra. Some of these compounds have higher activity than commercial antibiotics and may be useful in the pharmaceutical industry.
Sex biology contributions to vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease: A think tank convened by the Women's Alzheimer's Research Initiative
Authors: Snyder Heather M. , Asthana Sanjay , Bain Lisa , Brinton Roberta , Craft Suzanne , Dubal Dena B. , Espeland Mark A. , Gatz Margaret , Mielke Michelle M. , Raber Jacob , Rapp Peter R. , Yaffe Kristine , Carrillo Maria C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMore than 5 million Americans are living with Alzheimer's disease (AD) today, and nearly two‐thirds of Americans with AD are women. This sex difference may be due to the higher longevity women generally experience; however, increasing evidence suggests that longevity alone is not a sufficient explanation and there may be other factors at play. The Alzheimer's Association convened an expert think tank to focus on the state of the science and level of evidence around gender and biological sex differences for AD, including the knowledge gaps and areas of science that need to be more fully addressed. This article summarizes the think tank discussion, moving forward a research agenda and funding program to better understand the biological underpinnings of sex‐ and gender‐related disparities of risk for AD.
Effects of bileaflet mechanical heart valve orientation on fluid stresses and coronary flow
Authors: Haya Laura , Tavoularis Stavros 
Published: September 2016

The effects of the orientation of a bileaflet mechanical heart valve on the viscous and turbulent stresses in the flow past it and on the flow rate in the right coronary artery were investigatedin vitroin a mock circulation loop, using a fluid that matched the kinematic viscosity of blood and the refractive index of the aorta model. Measurements were made past the valve mounted in three orientations at the base of an anatomical aorta model, within physiological aortic flow conditions. At peak flow, the turbulent stresses were on average 21 % higher and viscous stresses exceeding 10 Pa (namely of a level that has been associated with blood cell damage) were 30 % more frequent when the valve was oriented with its plane of symmetry normal to the aorta’s plane of curvature than when it was parallel to it. This was attributed to the impingement of a lateral jet on the concave wall of the aorta and to steeper velocity gradients resulting from the geometrical imbalance of the sinuses relative to the valve’s central jet when the valve was in the ‘normal’ orientation. Very high levels of turbulent stresses were found to occur distal to the corners of the valve’s lateral orifices. The bulk flow rate in the right coronary artery was highest when the valve was positioned with its central orifice aligned with the artery’s opening. The coronary flow rate was directly affected by the size, orientation and time evolution of the vortex in the sinus, all of which were sensitive to the valve’s orientation.
Prenatal food restriction induces poor-quality articular cartilage in female rat offspring fed a post-weaning high-fat diet and its intra-uterine programming mechanisms
Authors: Tan Yang , Wu Yunpeng , Ni Qubo , Deng Yu , Li Jing , Wang Linlong , Shen Lang , Liu Yansong , Magdalou Jacques , Wang Hui , Chen Liaobin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEpidemiological data show that osteoarthritis (OA) is significantly associated with lower birth weight, and that OA may be a type of fetal-originated adult disease. The present study aimed to investigate the prenatal food-restriction (PFR) effect on the quality of articular cartilage in female offspring to explore the underlying mechanisms of fetal-originated OA. Maternal rats were fed a restricted diet from gestational day (GD) 11 to 20 to induce intra-uterine growth retardation. Female fetuses and female adult offspring fed a post-weaning high-fat diet were killed at GD20 and postnatal week 24, respectively. Serum and knee cartilage samples from fetuses and adult female offspring were collected and examined for cholesterol metabolism and histology. Fetal serum corticosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the PFR group were lower than those of the control, but the serum cholesterol level was not changed. The lower expression of IGF-1 in the PFR group lasted into adulthood. The expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, including type II collagen, aggrecan and cholesterol efflux genes including liver X receptor, were significantly induced, but the ATP-binding-cassette transporter A1 was unchanged. PFR could induce a reduction in ECM synthesis and impaired cholesterol efflux in female offspring, and eventually led to poor quality of articular cartilage and OA.
Autonomy and integration in complex parasite life cycles
Authors: BENESH DANIEL P. 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYComplex life cycles are common in free-living and parasitic organisms alike. The adaptive decoupling hypothesis postulates that separate life cycle stages have a degree of developmental and genetic autonomy, allowing them to be independently optimized for dissimilar, competing tasks. That is, complex life cycles evolved to facilitate functional specialization. Here, I review the connections between the different stages in parasite life cycles. I first examine evolutionary connections between life stages, such as the genetic coupling of parasite performance in consecutive hosts, the interspecific correlations between traits expressed in different hosts, and the developmental and functional obstacles to stage loss. Then, I evaluate how environmental factors link life stages through carryover effects, where stressful larval conditions impact parasites even after transmission to a new host. There is evidence for both autonomy and integration across stages, so the relevant question becomes how integrated are parasite life cycles and through what mechanisms? By highlighting how genetics, development, selection and the environment can lead to interdependencies among successive life stages, I wish to promote a holistic approach to studying complex life cycle parasites and emphasize that what happens in one stage is potentially highly relevant for later stages.
‘BETTER OFF DEAD THAN DISFIGURED’? THE CHALLENGES OF FACIAL INJURY IN THE PRE-MODERN PAST
Authors: Skinner Patricia 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that facial disfigurement has been neglected in the historiography of medieval Europe, and suggests some reasons for this oversight before examining the evidence from legal and narrative texts. One reason for this may be the lack of first-person accounts of being disfigured, preventing historians from accessing the experience of being disfigured. By situating the medieval examples within a wider frame of modern responses to disfigurement, it becomes apparent that whilst medical advances have assisted in restoring the damaged face, social responses to facial difference remain largely negative.
Successful replacement of the systemic tricuspid valve with a mechanical valve in a 3-month-old boy with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries having a dysplastic tricuspid valve
Authors: Asada Dai , Ikeda Kazuyuki , Yamagishi Masaaki 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThere are a few reports of successful replacement of the left-sided systemic tricuspid valve with a mechanical valve in small infants with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries having Ebstein’s anomaly. Tricuspid valve replacement is the preferred option when pulmonary artery banding, performed as a prelude to performing the double-switch operation, is not feasible because of severe heart failure caused by tricuspid regurgitation.
Zinc-Containing Restorations Create Amorphous Biogenic Apatite at the Carious Dentin Interface: A X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Crystal Lattice Analysis
Authors: Toledano Manuel , Aguilera Fátima S. , López-López Modesto T. , Osorio Estrella , Toledano-Osorio Manuel , Osorio Raquel 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aim of this research was to assess the ability of amalgam restorations to induce amorphous mineral precipitation at the caries-affected dentin substrate. Sound and caries-affected dentin surfaces were subjected to both Zn-free and Zn-containing dental amalgam restorations. Specimens were submitted to thermocycling (100,000 cycles/5°C–55°C, 3 months). Dentin surfaces were studied by atomic force microscopy (nanoroughness), X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive analysis, for physical and morphological surface characterization. Zn-containing amalgam placement reduced crystallinity, crystallite size, and grain size of calcium phosphate crystallites at the dentin surface. Both microstrain and nanoroughness were augmented in caries-affected dentin restored with Zn-containing amalgams. Caries-affected dentin showed the shortest mineral crystallites (11.04 nm), when Zn-containing amalgams were used for restorations, probably leading to a decrease of mechanical properties which might favor crack propagation and deformation. Sound dentin restored with Zn-free amalgams exhibited a substantial increase in length of grain particles (12.44 nm) embedded into dentin crystallites. Zn-containing amalgam placement creates dentin mineralization and the resultant mineral was amorphous in nature. Amorphous calcium phosphate provides a local ion-rich environment, which is considered favorable for in situ generation of prenucleation clusters, promotong further dentin remineralization.
Integration of sheep grazing for cover crop termination into market gardens: Agronomic consequences of an ecologically based management strategy
Authors: McKenzie Sean C. , Goosey Hayes B. , O'Neill Kevin M. , Menalled Fabian D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCover crops are suites of non-marketable plants grown to improve soil tilth and reduce erosion. Despite these agronomic benefits, the use of cover crops is often limited because they do not provide a direct source of revenue for producers. Integrating livestock to graze cover crops could provide both an expeditious method for cover crop termination and an alternative source of revenue. However, there has been little research on the agronomic impacts of grazing for cover crop termination, especially in horticultural market-gardens. We conducted a 3-year study comparing the effects of sheep grazing to terminate a four species cover crop (buckwheat, sweetclover, peas and beets) with those of mowing on soil quality indicators, cover crop termination efficacy, and subsequent cash-crop yields. In addition, we tested the nutritional quality of the cover crop as forage. Compared with mowing, sheep grazing did not affect soil chemistry, temperature or moisture. Our study demonstrates that sheep grazing removed more cover crop biomass than mowing at termination. The assessment of nutritional indices suggests that the four-species cover crop mixture could provide high-quality forage with a potential value of US$144.00–481.80 ha−1of direct revenue as a grazing lease. Cash-crop yields did not differ between previously grazed and previously mowed plots in the subsequent growing season. We conclude that integrating sheep grazing into market vegetable garden operations could make cover crops more economically viable without having adverse effects on subsequent cash crops.
miR-612 suppresses stem cell-like property of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by modulating Sp1/Nanog signaling
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Dong-Li , Dong Li-Li , Wen Duo , Shi Dong-Min , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Wu Wei-Zhong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn our previous study we found that miR-612 negatively regulated stem cell-like property and tumor metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). In this study, we try to elucidate underlying mechanism of the regulation, and find that miR-612 inversely modulate the mRNA and protein level of epithelial cell adhesion molecule as well as CD133, negatively regulate the numbers and sizes of tumor spheres, directly inhibit the protein level of Sp1, and subsequently reduce transcription activity of Nanog. Of importance, the higher levels of Sp1 and Nanog in biopsies are the more unfavorable prognoses of HCC patients are found after tumor resection. Taken together, miR-612 has a suppressive role on HCC stemness via Sp1/Nanog signaling pathway.
CHK1 and RAD51 activation after DNA damage is regulated via urokinase receptor/TLR4 signaling
Authors: Narayanaswamy Pavan B , Tkachuk Sergey , Haller Hermann , Dumler Inna , Kiyan Yulia 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMechanisms of DNA damage and repair signaling are not completely understood that hinder the efficiency of cancer therapy. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (PLAUR) is highly expressed in most solid cancers and serves as a marker of poor prognosis. We show that PLAUR actively promotes DNA repair in cancer cells. On the contrary, downregulation of PLAUR expression results in delayed DNA repair. We found PLAUR to be essential for activation of Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1); maintenance of cell cycle arrest after DNA damage in a TP53-dependent manner; expression, nuclear import and recruitment to DNA-damage foci of RAD51 recombinase, the principal protein involved in the homologous recombination repair pathway. Underlying mechanism implies auto-/paracrine signaling of PLAUR/TLR4 receptor complex leading to activation of CHK1 and DNA repair. The signaling is induced by a danger molecule released by DNA-damaged cells and mediates, at least partially, activation of DNA-damage response. This study describes a new mechanism of DNA repair activation initiated by auto-/paracrine signaling of membrane receptors PLAUR/TLR4. It adds to the understanding of role of PLAUR in cancer and provides a rationale for therapeutic targeting of PLAUR/TLR4 interaction in TP53-positive cancers.
TAK1 regulates caspase 8 activation and necroptotic signaling via multiple cell death checkpoints
Authors: Guo Xiaoyun , Yin Haifeng , Chen Yi , Li Lei , Li Jing , Liu Qinghang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNecroptosis has emerged as a new form of programmed cell death implicated in a number of pathological conditions such as ischemic injury, neurodegenerative disease, and viral infection. Recent studies indicate that TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is nodal regulator of necroptotic cell death, although the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms are not well defined. Here we reported that TAK1 regulates necroptotic signaling as well as caspase 8-mediated apoptotic signaling through both NFκB-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Inhibition of TAK1 promoted TNFα-induced cell death through the induction of RIP1 phosphorylation/activation and necrosome formation. Further, inhibition of TAK1 triggered two caspase 8 activation pathways through the induction of RIP1-FADD-caspase 8 complex as well as FLIP cleavage/degradation. Mechanistically, our data uncovered an essential role for the adaptor protein TNF receptor-associated protein with death domain (TRADD) in caspase 8 activation and necrosome formation triggered by TAK1 inhibition. Moreover, ablation of the deubiqutinase CYLD prevented both apoptotic and necroptotic signaling induced by TAK1 inhibition. Finally, blocking the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway prevented the degradation of key pro-survival signaling proteins and necrosome formation. Thus, we identified new regulatory mechanisms underlying the critical role of TAK1 in cell survival through regulation of multiple cell death checkpoints. Targeting key components of the necroptotic pathway (e.g., TRADD and CYLD) and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway may represent novel therapeutic strategies for pathological conditions driven by necroptosis.