bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focal adhesion kinases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Flores Anacláudia P. C. , Dias Kelly B. , Hildebrand Laura Campos , Oliveira Márcia Gaiger , Lamers Marcelo Lazzaron , Sant'Ana Filho Manoel 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation contributes to the regulation of growth factors that promote cellular adhesion, mobility, and survival, being a key factor in tumor development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression patterns of FAK and its phosphorylated forms, FAK Tyr‐576 and FAK Tyr‐925, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and non‐neoplastic adjacent epithelial tissue (AE).MethodsThe percentage of immunohistochemistry stained cells and its correlation with clinicopathological variables and prognosis were determined using samples from 54 patients.ResultsFAK, FAK Tyr‐576, and FAK Tyr‐925 overexpression was observed in tumor zones and AE. FAK Tyr‐576 immunostaining showed a relationship with tumor clinicopathological parameters. Moreover, positive immunostaining of FAK Tyr‐576 in AEsue was associated with patients prognoses.ConclusionsIncreased expression of FAK Tyr‐576 could enable identification of tumors with a more aggressive behavior and epithelial alterations before the appearance of clinical or histological manifestations.
Need for Cognition Promotes Adaptive Style of Self‐Focusing with the Mediation of Effortful Control
Authors: Nishiguchi Yuki , Mori Masaki , Tanno Yoshihiko 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that “need for cognition” (NfC), which is the tendency to enjoy effortful cognitive activity, affects various cognitive processes and behaviors. However, the effects of NfC on mental adaptation have not been investigated. According to previous studies, it can be hypothesized that NfC decreases maladaptive self‐focusing, which is called self‐rumination, through increasing effortful control (EC); therefore, we hypothesized that NfC would indirectly inhibit self‐rumination through the mediation of EC. As we expected, the results of a cross‐sectional questionnaire study with 152 undergraduate participants indicated a negative indirect association between NfC and self‐rumination through the mediation of EC. Secondarily, the present results revealed a direct positive association between NfC and adaptive type of self‐focusing, which is called self‐reflection. The present study is the first to propose the possible contribution of NfC to mental health through decreasing self‐rumination and increasing self‐reflection.
Scaling up: A guide to high‐throughput genomic approaches for biodiversity analysis
Authors: Porter Teresita M. , Hajibabaei Mehrdad 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to present the most common and emerging DNA‐based methods used to generate data for biodiversity and biomonitoring studies. As environmental assessment and monitoring programmes may require biodiversity information at multiple levels, we pay particular attention to the DNA metabarcoding method and discuss a number of bioinformatic tools and considerations for producing DNA‐based indicators using operational taxonomic units (OTUs), taxa at a variety of ranks and community composition. By developing the capacity to harness the advantages provided by the newest technologies, investigators can “scale up” by increasing the number of samples and replicates processed, the frequency of sampling over time and space, and even the depth of sampling such as by sequencing more reads per sample or more markers per sample. The ability to scale up is made possible by the reduced hands‐on time and cost per sample provided by the newest kits, platforms and software tools. Results gleaned from broad‐scale monitoring will provide opportunities to address key scientific questions linked to biodiversity and its dynamics across time and space as well as being more relevant for policymakers, enabling science‐based decision‐making, and provide a greater socio‐economic impact. As genomic approaches are continually evolving, we provide this guide to methods used in biodiversity genomics.
Effect of Interpregnancy Interval on Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Southern China: A Retrospective Cohort Study, 2000–2015
Authors: Zhang Lifang , Shen Songying , He Jianrong , Chan Fanfan , Lu Jinhua , Li Weidong , Wang Ping , Lam Kin Bong H. , Mol Ben W. J. , Yeung Shiu Lun A. , Xia Huimin , Schooling C. Mary , Qiu Xiu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn January 2016, a universal two‐child policy was introduced in China. The association of interpregnancy interval (IPI) with perinatal outcomes has not previously been assessed among Chinese population. We investigated the effect of IPI after live birth on the risks of preterm delivery, and small, and large for gestational age births in China.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study among 227 352 Chinese women with their first and second delivery during 2000 to 2015. IPI was calculated as months from first live delivery to conception of the second pregnancy. Poisson regression models with robust variance were fit to evaluate associations of IPI with risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsCompared to IPI of 24‐ <30 months, IPI <18 months was associated with higher risks of preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA). For IPI <6 months, the adjusted relative risks (RR) for PTB and SGA were 2.04 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.83, 2.27) and 1.43 (95% CI 1.31, 1.57), respectively. Women with IPI ≥60 months had higher risks of PTB and large for gestational age (LGA). For IPI ≥120 months, the adjusted RRs for PTB and LGA were 1.67 (95% CI 1.43, 1.94) and 1.10 (95% CI 0.97, 1.26).ConclusionsWomen with IPI <18 months after live birth had higher risk of PTB and SGA, and IPI ≥60 months was associated with higher risk of PTB and LGA. These findings may provide information to Chinese couples about the appropriate interpregnancy interval for a second pregnancy.
A missing chain? On the sociolinguistics of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Authors: Danylenko Andrii 
Published: January 2018

A missing chain? On the sociolinguistics of the Grand Duchy of LithuaniaThe article critically assesses the theory of communicative networks and its applicability in the study of multilingualism as found in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL). The author analyzes foundations for postulating the existence of a speech community in the GDL and adduces counterarguments against viewing this community as a linguistic alliance of the Balkan type. The article offers new sociolinguistic and areal-typological methods of the study of language contacts. The author substantiates a systematic approach toward the problem of the ethnic attribution of Ruthenian. Based on the literary, linguistic, and cultural parameters, the author offers to drop the term ‘Old (Middle) Belarusian’ or ‘Old (Middle) Ukrainian’ in reference to this language. Brakujące ogniwo? Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie w świetle socjolingwistykiW artykule poddano krytycznej analizie teorię sieci komunikacyjnych i jej zastosowanie w badaniach nad wielojęzycznością na terenie Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego (dalej WKL). Autor rozpatruje podstawy zarówno postulowania istnienia wspólnoty językowej w WKL, jak i kontrargumenty przemawiające przeciwko postrzeganiu tej wspólnoty jako sojuszu językowego na wzór bałkański. Artykuł podaje nowe metody socjolingwistyczne i przestrzenno-typologiczne w badaniach kontaktu języków. Autor uzasadnia systemiczne podejście do zagadnienia etnicznej atrybucji języka rusińskiego. Na podstawie wskazań literaturoznawczych, językoznawczych i kulturowych postuluje zaniechanie posługiwania się w odniesieniu do tego języka terminami ‘staro-(średnio-) białoruski’ lub ‘staro-(średnio-)ukraiński’.
The capture of the Marienwerder Castle, or where the Teutonic Order’s expansion to the East was stopped
Authors: Almonaitis Vytenis 
Published: January 2018

The capture of the Marienwerder Castle, or where the Teutonic Order’s expansion to the East was stoppedThis paper analyzes the construction, features, and significance of the Marienwerder castle, and its capture by Lithuanian forces in 1384. Located in what is now Kaunas, the castle represented the furthest eastern point of the Teutonic Order’s penetration into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. As the sparse historiography on it suggests, the event seems to have been overlooked by contemporary historians. In fact, this castle of the Teutonic Order was not just an ordinary fortress, but a mighty stronghold. A detailed analysis of primary sources allows classifying the capture of Marienwerder as a major event in the war between the Order and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as well as one of the major victories scored by the latter. It may be concluded that the Teutonic Order’s expansion to the east, which had been started from Torun, was then stopped at Kaunas. Zajęcie zamku Marienwerder albo gdzie zakończyła się ekspansja zakonu krzyżackiego na wschódW artykule analizowane są budowa, znaczenie i zajęcie w 1384 r. zamku zakonu krzyżackiego Marienwerder, który mieścił się na terytorium miasta Kowna. Był to najbardziej wysunięty na wschód zamek krzyżacki, który najgłębiej wchodził w terytorium Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Skromna historiografia świadczy o tym, że został on zapomniany przez współczesnych historyków. A jednak mowa jest tu nie o zwykłej rezydencji zakonu, a o potężnej twierdzy. Szczegółowa analiza źródeł pierwotnych pozwala uważać zajęcie zamku Marienwerder za jedno z najważniejszych wydarzeń w wojnie między zakonem krzyżackim a Wielkim Księstwem Litewskim, jak również jednym z największych zwycięstw tego ostatniego. Można również twierdzić, że ekspansja zakonu na wschód, rozpoczęta od Torunia, zakończyła się na Kownie.
Catholics in Belarus: the Deconstruction of Polish Identity?
Authors: Golachowska Ewa 
Published: January 2018

Catholics in Belarus: the Deconstruction of Polish Identity?The article discusses the transformations in the national identification of members of the younger generation of Catholics in Belarus through the context of the language changes resulting from the use of Belarussian in the Catholic Church and the increasing prestige attached to this language. The political transformations at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, which led to modifications in the situation of the Church in Belarus, have influenced these processes. Simultaneously, the model of religiosity has undergone reconstruction so that it has gradually ceased to be linked with issues of national identification. Religious practices are becoming a more personal matter and are less dependent on social pressure. Similarly, the choice of one’s nationality in a diverse society have become an individual matter. Katolicy na Białorusi. Czy dekonstrukcja polskiej tożsamości?Tematem artykułu są przemiany identyfikacji narodowej młodego pokolenia katolików na Białorusi w kontekście zmian językowych związanych z używaniem w Kościele katolickim języka białoruskiego oraz wzrostem prestiżu tego języka. Do tych procesów przyczyniły się przeobrażenia polityczne przełomu lat osiemdziesiątych i początku dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku, które przyniosły zmianę w sytuacji Kościoła na Białorusi. Równolegle miała miejsce przebudowa modelu religijności, który powoli odchodzi od zagadnień identyfikacji narodowej. Praktyki religijne i stają się sprawą osobistą, i mniej zależą od presji społecznej. Również wybory narodowościowe w zróżnicowanym społeczeństwie są sprawą indywidualną.
Dylematy tożsamościowe w obwodzie zaporoskim
Authors: Krasowska Helena 
Published: January 2018

Dilemmas of Identity in the Zaporizhzhia OblastThis text is a review of Alla Karnaukh’s book. The review contains a brief overview of eight chapters of the book. The reviewer notes that this book fills a gap in the study of national and ethnic minorities in Berdiansk and the outskirts of Primorsk (Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine). From the Polish point of view it is a very useful book. According to the author of the review, despite a few mistakes and editorial faults, Alla Karnaukh’s book is important especially for researchers of Polish-Ukrainian and Polish-Russian relations. Dylematy tożsamościowe w obwodzie zaporoskimTekst jest recenzją książki Ally Karnaukh. Zawiera krótkie omówienie ośmiu rozdziałów składających się na treść tej książki. Recenzentka zauważa, że jest to pozycja, która wypełnia lukę w badaniach mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych w Berdiańsku i okolicach Primorska (obwód zaporoski). Z polskiego punktu widzenia jest rzeczą bardzo dobrą, że taka książka została napisana. Zdaniem autorki recenzji książka Ally Karnaukh, mimo pewnych błędów oraz usterek redakcyjnych, jest pozycją ważną zwłaszcza dla badaczy stosunków polsko-ukraińskich i polsko-rosyjskich.
The Birth of the "Polak-Katolik"
Authors: Porter-Szűcs Brian 
Published: January 2018

The Birth of the Polak-KatolikThe concept of the Polak-Katolik emerged in the form we know it today only at the very end of the 19th century. While there were many earlier ways to express the complicated relationship between Polish national belonging and Roman Catholicism, the distinctive pairing of two hyphenated nouns signified a new stage in the history of this entanglement. Geneza pojęcia Polak katolikPojęcie Polak katolik w postaci, którą znamy dzisiaj, wyłoniło się dopiero pod sam koniec XIX wieku. Choć skomplikowany związek pomiędzy przynależnością do narodu polskiego a rzymskim katolicyzmem wyrażany był wcześniej na wiele sposobów, to jednak zestawienie i połączenie obu tych rzeczowników w jednej parze wyznaczyło nowy etap w dziejach tego splotu.
Nowe szaty króla? Konstruowanie i rekonstruowanie tradycji etnicznych we współczesnej Buriacji
Authors: Szczecińska-Musielak Ewa 
Published: January 2018

The King’s New Clothes: Constructing and Reconstructing Ethnic Traditions in Contemporary BuriatiaThe text is a review of Ewa Nowicka’s book. The review contains an overview of field research and contents of the book. It convincingly shows how political and social elites of Russian Buriatia try to construct or reconstruct Buriat ethnic identity. The review demonstrates that the book fulfilled its aims. Nowe szaty króla? Konstruowanie i rekonstruowanie tradycji etnicznych we współczesnej BuriacjiTekst jest recenzją książki Ewy Nowickiej. Autorka książki pokazuje, w jaki sposób elity polityczne i społeczne rosyjskiej Buriacji próbują konstruować lub rekonstruować tożsamość etniczną, definiowaną jako tożsamość buriacka. W recenzji zwrócono uwagę na wnikliwą analizę omawianej problematyki, co sprawiło, że cel autorki został osiągnięty.
Wyobrażenia o narodzie we wsiach podhalańskich
Authors: Malewska-Szałygin Anna 
Published: January 2018

National Imaginaries in the Podhale RegionThe article answers the question of the durability of national categories in local village discourses. By presenting the results of the research conducted using the ethnographic method in the villages of Podhale in the first years of the 21st century, it diagnoses the popularity of national ideas in their primordial form and argues that the reason behind the durability of national ideas in common conversations about politics results from the correlation between the national-conservative rhetoric and the village imaginaries that had been created during the multigenerational experience of working on an agricultural farm. Wyobrażenia o narodzie we wsiach podhalańskichArtykuł odpowiada na pytanie o trwałość kategorii narodowych w wiejskich dyskursach lokalnych. Relacjonując wyniki projektu badawczego realizowanego metodą etnograficzną we wsiach podhalańskich w pierwszych latach XXI wieku, diagnozuje popularność idei narodowych w ich prymordialnej postaci oraz argumentuje na rzecz tezy, że przyczyną trwałości idei narodowych w potocznych rozmowach o polityce jest dopasowanie narodowo-konserwatywnej retoryki do wcześniejszych wiejskich wyobrażeń wytworzonych w czasie wielopokoleniowego doświadczenia pracy w gospodarstwie rolnym.
Coping and resilience among ethnoracial individuals experiencing homelessness and mental illness
Authors: Paul Sayani , Corneau Simon , Boozary Tanya , Stergiopoulos Vicky 
Published: January 2018

Background: The multiple challenges that ethnoracial homeless individuals experiencing mental illness face are well documented. However, little is known about how this homeless subpopulation copes with the compounding stressors of racial discrimination, homelessness and mental illness. Aims: This study is an in-depth investigation of the personal perceived strengths, attitudes and coping behaviors of homeless adults of diverse ethnoracial backgrounds experiencing homelessness and mental illness in Toronto, Canada. Method: Using qualitative methods, 36 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to capture the perspectives of ethnoracial homeless participants with mental illness on coping and resilience. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Similar to prior findings in the general homeless population, study participants recognized personal strengths and attitudes as great sources of coping and resilience, describing hope and optimism, self-esteem and confidence, insight into their challenges and spirituality as instrumental to overcoming current challenges. In addition, participants described several coping strategies, including seeking support from family, friends and professionals; socializing with peers; engaging in meaningful activities; distancing from overwhelming challenges; and finding an anchor. Conclusion: Findings suggest that homeless adults with mental illness from ethnoracial groups use similar coping strategies and sources of resilience with the general homeless population and highlight the need for existing services to foster hope, recognize and support individual coping strategies and sources of resilience of homeless individuals experiencing complex challenges.
How I use catheter-directed interventional therapy to treat patients with venous thromboembolism
Authors: Vedantham Suresh , Sista Akhilesh K. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Patients who present with severe manifestations of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) are at higher risk for premature death and long-term disability. In recent years, catheter-based interventional procedures have shown strong potential to improve clinical outcomes in selected VTE patients. However, physicians continue to be routinely faced with challenging decisions that pertain to the utilization of these risky and costly treatment strategies, and there is a relative paucity of published clinical trials with sufficient rigor and directness to inform clinical practice. In this article, using 3 distinct clinical scenario presentations, we draw from the available published literature describing the natural history, pathophysiology, treatments, and outcomes of VTE to illustrate the key factors that should influence clinical decision making for patients with severe manifestations of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The results of a recently completed pivotal multicenter randomized trial are also discussed.
Splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenia: down but not out
Authors: Chaturvedi Shruti , Arnold Donald M. , McCrae Keith R. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Splenectomy is an effective therapy for steroid-refractory or dependent immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). With the advent of medical alternatives such as rituximab and thrombopoietin receptor antagonists, the use of splenectomy has declined and is generally reserved for patients that fail multiple medical therapies. Splenectomy removes the primary site of platelet clearance and autoantibody production and offers the highest rate of durable response (50% to 70%) compared with other ITP therapies. However, there are no reliable predictors of splenectomy response, and long-term risks of infection and cardiovascular complications must be considered. Because the long-term efficacy of different second-line medical therapies for ITP have not been directly compared, treatment decisions must be made without supportive evidence. Splenectomy continues to be a reasonable treatment option for many patients, including those with an active lifestyle who desire freedom from medication and monitoring, and patients with fulminant ITP that does not respond well to medical therapy. We try to avoid splenectomy within the first 12 months after ITP diagnosis for most patients to allow for spontaneous or therapy-induced remissions, particularly in older patients who have increased surgical morbidity and lower rates of response, and in young children. Treatment decisions must be individualized based on patients’ comorbidities, lifestyles, and preferences. Future research should focus on comparing long-term outcomes of patients treated with different second-line therapies and on developing personalized medicine approaches to identify subsets of patients most likely to respond to splenectomy or other therapeutic approaches.
Jurisdição processual e democracia: advento da audiência de conciliação e de mediação, efetivação dos meios equivalentes e acesso à justiça
Authors: Cunha Jânio Pereira da , Gutierrez Daniel Mota 
Published: January 2018

Versa sobre os meios consensuais de resolução de conflitos, especificamente a conciliação e a mediação. Investiga-se, de início, se tais meios alternativos à jurisdição tradicional se compatibilizam com os valores democráticos, de tal sorte a viabilizar a participação popular dos litigantes na interpretação e aplicação do Direito. Discute-se, depois, acerca da fisionomia normativa da conciliação e da mediação no sistema jurídico brasileiro, destacando as principais inovações trazidas pelo novo Código de Processo Civil (NCPC), com relação à introdução da audiência de conciliação e de mediação. Perquire-se, empós, se as alterações normativas procedidas nos institutos sobreditos representam avanço ou retrocesso no ideal de acesso à justiça. Conclui-se que a conciliação e a mediação constituem instrumentos que podem proporcionar a participação direta dos cidadãos na administração da justiça e que a reformulação implementada pelo NCPC nesses procedimentos judiciais aproxima o sistema processual civil pátrio dos conceitos contemporâneos de jurisdição democrática e acesso à justiça.
Da Legitimidade das Súmulas Vinculantes
Authors: Hirata Gustavo Callefi , Fazolli Silvio Alexandre 
Published: January 2018

Este artigo trata da compatibilidade do instituto das súmulas vinculantes com os princípios da separação dos poderes e da independência judicial, bem como analisa a forma como sua metodologia de aplicação impacta os postulados de igualdade material e de justiça. O debate em torno da legitimidade desse instituto é necessário, tendo em vista o caráter marcadamente pragmático que orientou sua criação por meio da Emenda Constitucional n.° 45/2004. Com a constatação inicial da “natureza legislativa” das súmulas vinculantes, abordam-se os impasses que seus propósitos originais geram no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, haja vista os princípios e os postulados antes informados. No entanto, esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar as possíveis soluções aos problemas apontados. Assim, a hipótese aqui defendida é de que as súmulas vinculantes podem, sim, se revelar legítimas, ainda que, para tanto, alguns de seus termos iniciais tenham de ser revistos, e outros grandes debates tenham de ser enfrentados.