bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Wetting Gradients by Tuning the Interplay between Surface Structuration and Anisotropic Molecular Layers with Bipolar Electrochemistry
Authors: Bouffier Laurent , Reculusa Stéphane , Ravaine Valérie , Kuhn Alexander 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new simple and versatile method for the preparation of surface‐wetting gradients is proposed. It is based on the combination of electrode surface structuration introduced by a sacrificial template approach and the formation of a tunable molecular gradient by bipolar electrochemistry. The gradient involves the formation of a self‐assembled monolayer on a gold surface by selecting an appropriate thiol molecule and subsequent reductive desorption by means of bipolar electrochemistry. Under these conditions, completion of the reductive desorption process evolves along the bipolar surface with a maximum strength localized at the cathodic edge and a decreasing driving force towards the middle of the surface. The remaining quantity of surface‐immobilized thiol, therefore, varies as a function of the axial position, resulting in the formation of a molecular gradient. The surface of the bipolar electrode is characterized at each step of the modification by recording heterogeneous electron transfer. Also, the evolution of static contact angles measured with a water droplet deposited on the surface directly reveals the presence of the wetting gradient, which can be modulated by changing the properties of the thiol. This is exemplified with a long, hydrophobic alkane–thiol and a short, hydrophilic mercaptan.
Phenotypic assays for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Song Ok‐Ryul , Deboosere Nathalie , Delorme Vincent , Queval Christophe J. , Deloison Gaspard , Werkmeister Elisabeth , Lafont Frank , Baulard Alain , Iantomasi Raffaella , Brodin Priscille 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is still a major global threat, killing more than one million persons each year. With the constant increase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to first‐ and second‐line drugs, there is an urgent need for the development of new drugs to control the propagation of TB. Although screenings of small molecules on axenic M. tuberculosis cultures were successful for the identification of novel putative anti‐TB drugs, new drugs in the development pipeline remains scarce. Host‐directed therapy may represent an alternative for drug development against TB. Indeed, M. tuberculosis has multiple specific interactions within host phagocytes, which may be targeted by small molecules. In order to enable drug discovery strategies against microbes residing within host macrophages, we developed multiple fluorescence‐based HT/CS phenotypic assays monitoring the intracellular replication of M. tuberculosis as well as its intracellular trafficking. What we propose here is a population‐based, multi‐parametric analysis pipeline that can be used to monitor the intracellular fate of M. tuberculosis and the dynamics of cellular events such as phagosomal maturation (acidification and permeabilization), zinc poisoning system or lipid body accumulation. Such analysis allows the quantification of biological events considering the host‐pathogen interplay and may thus be derived to other intracellular pathogens. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Clinical heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes (T1D) found in Asia
Authors: Park Yongsoo , Wintergerst Kupper A. , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: May 2017

SummaryDiabetes mellitus among young patients in Asia is caused by a complex set of factors. Although type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains the most common form of diabetes in children, the recent unabated increase in obesity has resulted in the emergence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a new type of diabetes among adolescents and young adults. In addition to the typical autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1aD) and T2D patients, there is a variable incidence of cases of non‐autoimmune types of T1D associated with insulin deficiency (T1bD). Additional forms have been described, including fulminant T1D (FT1D). Although most diagnoses of T1D are classified as T1aD, fulminant T1D exists as a hyper‐acute subtype of T1D that affects older children, without associated autoimmunity. Patient with this rare aetiology of diabetes showed a complete loss of β‐cell secretory capacity without evidence of recovery, necessitating long‐term treatment with insulin. In addition, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults is a form of autoimmune‐mediated diabetes, usually diagnosed during the insulin‐dependent stage that follows a non‐insulin requiring phase, which can be diagnosed earlier based on anti‐islet autoantibody positivity. Some reports discuss T1bD. Others are elaborating on the presence of “atypical T1b diabetes,” such as Flatbush diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in young adults continues to rise in Asian populations as T2D increases. With improved characterization of patients with diabetes, the range of diabetic subgroups will become even more diverse in the future. Distinguishing T1D, T2D, and other forms of diabetes in young patients is challenging in Asian populations, as the correct diagnosis is clinically important and has implications for prognosis and management. Despite aetiological heterogeneity in the usual clinical setting, early diagnosis and classification of patients with diabetes relying on clinical grounds as well as measuring islet autoantibodies and fasting plasma C‐peptide could provide a possible viable method to minimize complications.
Fatal intoxication by 5F–ADB and diphenidine: Detection, quantification, and investigation of their main metabolic pathways in humans by LC/MS/MS and LC/Q‐TOFMS
Authors: Kusano Maiko , Zaitsu Kei , Taki Kentaro , Hisatsune Kazuaki , Nakajima Jun'ichi , Moriyasu Takako , Asano Tomomi , Hayashi Yumi , Tsuchihashi Hitoshi , Ishii Akira 
Published: May 2017

Despite the implementation of a new blanket scheduling system in 2013, new psychoactive substance (NPS) abuse remains a serious social concern in Japan. We present a fatal intoxication case involving 5F–ADB (methyl 2‐[1‐(5‐fluoropentyl)‐1H–indazole‐3‐carboxamido]‐3,3‐dimethylbutanoate) and diphenidine. Postmortem blood screening by liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC/Q‐TOFMS) in the information‐dependent acquisition mode only detected diphenidine. Further urinary screening using an in‐house database containing NPS and metabolites detected not only diphenidine but also possible 5F–ADB metabolites; subsequent targeted screening by LC/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) allowed for the detection of a very low level of unchanged 5F–ADB in postmortem heart blood. Quantification by standard addition resulted in the postmortem blood concentrations being 0.19 ± 0.04 ng/mL for 5F–ADB and 12 ± 2.6 ng/mL for diphenidine. Investigation of the urinary metabolites revealed pathways involving ester hydrolysis (M1) and oxidative defluorination (M2), and further oxidation to the carboxylic acid (M3) for 5F–ADB. Mono‐ and di‐hydroxylated diphenidine metabolites were also found. The present case demonstrates the importance of urinary metabolite screening for drugs with low blood concentration. Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) fluorinated at the terminal N‐alkyl position are known to show higher cannabinoid receptor affinity relative to their non‐fluorinated analogues; 5F–ADB is no exception with high CB1 receptor activity and much greater potency than Δ9‐THC and other earlier SCs, thus we suspect its acute toxicity to be high compared to other structurally related SC analogues. The low blood concentration of 5F–ADB may be attributed to enzymatic and/or non‐enzymatic degradation, and further investigation into these possibilities is underway.
The most common diet results in low reproduction in a generalist seabird
Authors: van Donk Susanne , Camphuysen Kees C. J. , Shamoun‐Baranes Judy , van der Meer Jaap 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDietary specialization has been described across a wide range of taxa in the animal kingdom. Fitness consequences are, however, not well documented. We examined the reproductive consequences of different dietary specializations in the herring gull Larus argentatus, an omnivorous seabird, using an extensive dataset which includes breeding and dietary data of 10 successive years. We hypothesized that pairs that focused on prey of higher energetic value would yield higher fledging rates. An alternative hypothesis is that pairs that relied on more resources simultaneously would reproduce better. The novelty of this study is that we used continuous measurements representing dietary composition and degree of specialization rather than restricting our analysis to predefined categories. By relating these two continuous measurements for diet to several proxies for reproductive success, we show clear consequences of dietary choice. Most pairs concentrated on bivalves, a prey type not particularly rich in energy. Pairs feeding on energy‐rich prey (e.g., “domestic refuse and fishery discards”) during chick rearing were found to have a higher reproductive success, supporting the first hypothesis. Pairs that used more resources did not clearly have a higher reproductive success. The majority of the pairs did not switch to energy‐rich prey during chick rearing, despite low breeding outcome. We discuss how trade‐offs between factors such as resource availability, predictability, and the time and energy needed to obtain certain prey species may influence resource selection.
Heart Failure Virtual Consultation: bridging the gap of heart failure care in the community ‐ A mixed‐methods evaluation
Authors: Gallagher Joseph , James Stephanie , Keane Ciara , Fitzgerald Annie , Travers Bronagh , Quigley Etain , Hecht Christina , Zhou Shuaiwei , Watson Chris , Ledwidge Mark , McDonald Kenneth 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsWe undertook a mixed‐methods evaluation of a Web‐based conferencing service (virtual consult) between general practitioners (GPs) and cardiologists in managing patients with heart failure in the community to determine its effect on use of specialist heart failure services and acceptability to GPs.Methods and resultsAll cases from June 2015 to October 2016 were recorded using a standardized recording template, which recorded patient demographics, medical history, medications, and outcome of the virtual consult for each case. Quantitative surveys and qualitative interviewing of 17 participating GPs were also undertaken. During this time, 142 cases were discussed—68 relating to a new diagnosis of heart failure, 53 relating to emerging deterioration in a known heart failure patient, and 21 relating to therapeutic issues. Only 17% required review in outpatient department following the virtual consultation. GPs reported increased confidence in heart failure management, a broadening of their knowledge base, and a perception of overall better patient outcomes.ConclusionsThese data from an initial experience with Heart Failure Virtual Consultation present a very positive impact of this strategy on the provision of heart failure care in the community and acceptability to users. Further research on the implementation and expansion of this strategy is warranted.
The empowering effect of punishment on forgiveness
Authors: Strelan Peter , Di Fiore Carolyn , Prooijen Jan‐Willem Van 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe examined the process by which punishment enables forgiveness, testing the proposition that punishment restores a sense of justice to victims, an experience that is empowering. In Study 1 (N = 69), university students received insulting feedback and were given the opportunity (or not) to sanction the offender. In Study 2 (N = 91), participants imagined having the opportunity (or not) to recommend punishment for a person who had vandalized their house. A two‐step mediation model (punishment justice restoration empowerment forgiveness) was supported in these two studies. In Study 3 (N = 227), punishment options were expanded to test the role of victim voice in the context of third‐party and personal retributive and restorative justice responses to workplace bullying, as well as taking into account revenge as an alternative to justice restoration. When victims had voice, empowerment again played a central indirect role in relations between punishment and forgiveness.
Ratiometric fluorescent l‐arginine and l‐asparagine biosensors based on the oxazine 170 perchlorate‐ethyl cellulose membrane
Authors: An Kido , Duong Hong Dinh , Rhee Jong Il 
Published: May 2017

Ratiometric fluorescent l‐arginine (Arg) and l‐asparagine (Asn) biosensors were developed using an oxazine 170 perchlorate (O17) ethyl cellulose (EC) membrane and the enzymes entrapped into the matrix of EC and hydrogel polyurethane. The sensing principles were based on the hydrolysis reactions of urea and l‐Arg under the catalysis of the urease and arginase to produce ammonia in the case of an l‐Arg‐sensing membrane and also on the hydrolysis reaction of l‐Asn under the catalysis of asparaginase in the case of an l‐Asn‐sensing membrane. The O17‐EC membrane reacted with the ammonia produced from the hydrolysis reactions and changed the fluorescence intensities at λem = 565 and 625 nm. The ratio of the fluorescence intensities at λem = 565 and 625 nm was proportional to the concentrations of l‐Arg or l‐Asn in the range of 0.1–10 mM. The LOD of the l‐Arg‐ and l‐Asn‐sensing membranes was 0.082 ± 0.0014 and 0.074 ± 0.0023 mM, respectively. The sensing membranes also showed good quality in terms of response time, reversibility, and stability. The interference study demonstrated that some components such as amino acids had little negative effects on the performance of the sensing membranes for the detection of l‐Arg and l‐Asn. These simple and sensitive ratiometric fluorescent sensing membranes provide a basic or comprehensive method for detecting l‐Arg and l‐Asn in blood and urine samples as well as in the fermentation processes.
Updated species sensitivity distribution evaluations for acute and chronic lead toxicity to saltwater aquatic life
Authors: Church Brian G. , Van Sprang Patrick A. , Chowdhury M. Jasim , DeForest David K. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

The US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) for lead (Pb) in salt water were developed in 1984. The acute and chronic criteria are 210 and 8.1 μg/L dissolved Pb, respectively. Because data were limited in 1984, the chronic criterion was derived using an acute-to-chronic ratio, but there are now sufficient toxicity data such that an acute-to-chronic ratio is no longer needed. Based on the data now available, the proposed updated acute and chronic salt water Pb AWQC (following USEPA methods) are 100 and 10 µg/L, respectively. In the European Union, a chronic salt water predicted no-effect concentration based on the median 5th percentile hazardous concentration (HC5–50) was developed in 2008 for the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals program, which forms the basis for deriving chronic environmental quality standards for Pb in European marine waters. The salt water HC5–50 previously derived for Pb was 6.1 μg/L, whereas the proposed, updated chronic salt water HC5–50 derived following European Union methods is 11.0 µg/L. Thus, despite differences in derivation methodologies, the proposed AWQC and HC5–50 values are very consistent. Studies evaluating the effect of water quality factors on bioavailability and toxicity of Pb in salt water are limited; the effect of water quality on Pb toxicity in salt water should be considered in future studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2974–2980. © 2017 SETAC
Periphyton uptake and trophic transfer of coal fly-ash–derived trace elements
Authors: Scheibener Shane A. , Rivera Nelson A. , Hesterberg Dean , Duckworth Owen W. , Buchwalter David B. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

To determine whether the bioavailability of trace elements derived from coal ash leachates varies with the geochemical conditions associated with their formation, we quantified periphyton bioaccumulation and subsequent trophic transfer to the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer. Oxic ash incubations favored periphyton uptake of arsenic, selenium, strontium, and manganese, whereas anoxic incubations favored periphyton uptake of uranium. Mayfly enrichment was strongest for selenium, whereas biodilution was observed for strontium, uranium, and arsenic. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2991–2996. © 2017 SETAC
Benefits and harms of breast cancer screening with mammography in women aged 40–49 years: A systematic review
Authors: van den Ende Caroline , Oordt‐Speets Anouk M. , Vroling Hilde , van Agt Heleen M. E. 
Published: May 2017

Early detection of breast cancer through screening can lower breast cancer mortality rates and reduce the burden of this disease in the population. In most western countries, mammography screening starting from age 50 is recommended. However, there is debate about whether breast cancer screening should be extended to younger women. This systematic review provides an overview of the evidence from RCTs on the benefits and harms of breast cancer screening with mammography in women aged 40–49 years. The quality of the evidence for each outcome was appraised using the GRADE approach. Four articles reporting on two different trials—the Age trial and the Canadian National Breast Screening Study‐I (CNBSS‐I)—were included. The results showed no significant effect on breast cancer mortality (Age trial: RR 0.93 (95% CI 0.80–1.09); CNBSS‐I: HR 1.10 (95% CI 0.86–1.40)) nor on all‐cause mortality (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.93–1.03) in women aged 40–49 years offered screening. Among regularly attending women, the cumulative risk of experiencing a false‐positive recall was 20.5%. Over‐diagnosis of invasive breast cancer at 5 years post‐cessation of screening for women aged 40–49 years was estimated to be 32% and at 20 years post‐cessation of screening to be 48%. Including ductal carcinoma in situ, these numbers were 41% and 55%. Based on the current evidence from randomised trials, extending mammography screening to younger age groups cannot be recommended. However, there were limitations including relatively low sensitivity of screening and screening attendance, insufficient power, and contamination, which may explain the nonsignificant results.
Direct influence of titanium and zirconia particles on the morphology and functionality of mature human osteoclasts
Authors: Pasold Juliane , Markhoff Jana , Tillmann Jenny , Krogull Martin , Pisowocki Phillip , Bader Rainer 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWithin the last ten years of biomedical implants, the focus is increasingly on bioceramics, specifically on zirconia (ZrO2). Hence, we analyzed the impact of ZrO2 particles in comparison to titanium particles on mature human osteoclasts (OCs) as little is known about the direct effect of wear particles on mature OCs and their role in the osteolytic process during aseptic endoprosthesis loosening. Changes in cell morphology and functionality of OCs incubated with particles in different concentrations were investigated in vitro. OCs tend to be enlarged after three days of cultivation with both types of particles, especially with high concentrations of ZrO2, suggesting increased cell fusion. Further, we identified significantly increased expression of OC specific and bone matrix related genes: VNR, RANK, TRAP, and CTSK pointing on a direct stimulatory particle effect on the functionality of mature OCs. In completion, we quantified the bone resorption activity of particle treated mature OCs but could not detect a significant difference in bone resorption compared to OCs cultivated without particles. However, we could identify significantly higher gene expression of MMP‐1 in particle treated OCs compared to untreated control OCs after three days of incubation. We also detected an impaired production of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase, especially for OCs treated with high ZrO2 concentrations. In conclusion, our in vitro data show that abrasion particles could have a direct influence on mature OCs and therefore could promote increased OC‐mediated bone resorption during aseptic loosening of total joint replacements. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2608–2615, 2017.
Genetic Background of Hirschsprung Disease: A Bridge Between Basic Science and Clinical Application
Authors: Bahrami Afsane , Joodi Marjan , Moetamani‐Ahmadi Mehrdad , Maftouh Mina , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Ferns Gordon A. , Avan Amir 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTHirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital disorder, defined by partial or complete loss of the neuronal ganglion cells in the intestinal tract, which is caused by the failure of neural crest cells to migrate completely during intestinal development during fetal life. HSCR has a multifactorial etiology, and genetic factors play a key role in its pathogenesis; these include mutations within several gene loci. These have been identified by screening candidate genes, or by conducting genome wide association (GWAS) studies. However, only a small portion of them have been proposed as major genetic risk factors for the HSCR. In this review, we focus on those genes that have been identified as either low penetrant or high penetrant variants that determine the risk of Hirschsprung's disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 28–33, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Routine hematological parameters are associated with short‐ and long‐term prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Fan Luo , Gui Li , Chai Er‐Qing , Wei Chao‐Jun 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundPrevious studies indicated that some routine hematological parameters are associated with the prognosis of ischemic stroke (IS), but none of study has evaluated them simultaneously. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of routine hematological parameters in IS patients.MethodsUsing medical record database, we retrospectively reviewed the patients with IS admitted in Gansu Province Hospital between June 2014 and July 2015. The prognostic value of routine hematological parameters on admission was analyzed using logistic regression model, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsPatients with hospital mortality had significantly higher white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), while their lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil were significantly lower. The area under ROC curve (AUC) for eosinophil, neutrophil, WBC, RDW, NLR, monocyte, and lymphocyte were 0.74 (95% CI, 0.67‐0.82), 0.76 (95% CI, 0.67‐0.84), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.64‐0.81), 0.65 (95% CI, 0.56‐0.73), 0.76 (95% CI, 0.68‐0.84), 0.67 (95% CI, 0.59‐0.76), and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.67‐0.83), respectively. In a multivariable logistical regression model, only WBC, NLR, and NIHSS were independently associated with hospital mortality. In a multivariable model, age, NIHSS, RDW, NLR, and eosinophil were independent prognostic factors for all‐cause mortality.ConclusionRed blood cell distribution width, NLR and eosinophil are independent prognostic factors for IS.