bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivational interviewing to enhance treatment attendance in mental health settings: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lawrence P. , Fulbrook P. , Somerset S. , Schulz P. 
Published: August 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Despite differences between samples, some literature reviews have suggested that MI is effective in enhancing treatment attendance for individuals with mental health issues.

Little is known regarding the effects of MI as a pre‐treatment on individuals who are not seeking treatment for mental health issues.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

This systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis demonstrates that MI is most beneficial for individuals who are not seeking mental health treatment.

MI represents an opportunity for health promotion when patients are unmotivated but may otherwise be amenable to an intervention.

MI is effective as a pre‐treatment intervention to motivate individuals to attend further post‐MI treatment and counselling.

What are the implications for practice?

MI is a process and a useful tool for clinicians in all therapeutic interactions, to motivate their patients to seek further assistance for mental heath issues.

Health promotion and encouragement to attend further treatment sessions can be facilitated through telephone contact.

AbstractIntroductionThe stages of change model suggests that individuals seeking treatment are in the “preparation” or the “action” stage of change, which is the desired outcome of successful Motivational Interviewing (MI) interventions. MI is known to enhance treatment attendance among individuals with mental health problems.AimThis study examined the published research on MI as a pre‐treatment to enhance attendance among individuals treatment‐seeking and non‐treatment‐seeking for mental health issues.MethodsFourteen randomized controlled trials were identified, and MI efficacy was examined dichotomously: attendance or non‐attendance for post‐MI therapy. Subgroup analysis investigated treatment‐seeking and non‐treatment‐seeking groups.ResultsDespite wide variations in sample sizes, blinding and monitoring, intervention fidelity was absent in the majority of published studies. Meta‐analysis revealed that MI pre‐treatment improved attendance relative to comparison groups.ConclusionsIndividuals not seeking treatment for mental health issues benefited the most from MI. Despite differences in MI treatment intensity, short interventions were as effective as longer interventions, whereas two MI sessions for as little as 15 min were effective in enhancing treatment attendance.Implications for PracticeMotivational interviewing is a useful tool for clinicians in all therapeutic interactions to help motivate patients to seek assistance for mental health issues.
Differential effects of changes in spectral irradiance on photoacclimation, primary productivity and growth in Rhodomonas salina (Cryptophyceae) and Skeletonema costatum (Bacillariophyceae) in simulated blackwater environments
Authors: Lawrenz Evelyn , Richardson Tammi L. 
Published: August 2017

The underwater light field in blackwater environments is strongly skewed toward the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum due to blue light absorption by colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Exposure of phytoplankton to full spectrum irradiance occurs only when cells are mixed up to the surface. We studied the potential effects of mixing‐induced changes in spectral irradiance on photoacclimation, primary productivity and growth in cultures of the cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina and the diatom Skeletonema costatum. We found that these taxa have very different photoacclimation strategies. While S. costatum showed classical complementary chromatic adaption, R. salina showed inverse chromatic adaptation, a strategy previously unknown in the cryptophytes. Transfer of R. salina to periodic full spectrum light (PFSL) significantly enhanced growth rate (μ) by 1.8 times and primary productivity from 0.88 to 1.35 mg C · (mg Chl−1) · h−1. Overall, R. salina was less dependent on PFSL than was S. costatum, showing higher μ and net primary productivity rates. In the high‐CDOM simulation, carbon metabolism of the diatom was impaired, leading to suppression of growth rate, short‐term 14C uptake and net primary production. Upon transfer to PFSL, μ of the diatom increased by up to 3‐fold and carbon fixation from 2.4 to 6.0 mg C · (mg Chl−1) · h−1. Thus, a lack of PFSL differentially impairs primarily CO2‐fixation and/or carbon metabolism, which, in turn, may determine which phytoplankton dominate the community in blackwater habitats and may therefore influence the structure and function of these ecosystems.
Crystal structure of the Melampsora lini effector AvrP reveals insights into a possible nuclear function and recognition by the flax disease resistance protein P
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Farah Nadya , Rolston Laura , Ericsson Daniel J. , Catanzariti Ann‐Maree , Bernoux Maud , Ve Thomas , Bendak Katerina , Chen Chunhong , Mackay Joel P. , Lawrence Gregory J. , Hardham Adrienne , Ellis Jeffrey G. , Williams Simon J. , Dodds Peter N. , Jones David A. , Kobe Bostjan 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe effector protein AvrP is secreted by the flax rust fungal pathogen (Melampsora lini) and recognized specifically by the flax (Linum usitatissimum) P disease resistance protein, leading to effector‐triggered immunity. To investigate the biological function of this effector and the mechanisms of specific recognition by the P resistance protein, we determined the crystal structure of AvrP. The structure reveals an elongated zinc‐finger‐like structure with a novel interleaved zinc‐binding topology. The residues responsible for zinc binding are conserved in AvrP effector variants and mutations of these motifs result in a loss of P‐mediated recognition. The first zinc‐coordinating region of the structure displays a positively charged surface and shows some limited similarities to nucleic acid‐binding and chromatin‐associated proteins. We show that the majority of the AvrP protein accumulates in the plant nucleus when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana cells, suggesting a nuclear pathogenic function. Polymorphic residues in AvrP and its allelic variants map to the protein surface and could be associated with differences in recognition specificity. Several point mutations of residues on the non‐conserved surface patch result in a loss of recognition by P, suggesting that these residues are required for recognition.
Association of left ventricular systolic dysfunction with mortality in incident peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Wang Yating , Xiong Liping , Xu Qingdong , Li Wei , Peng Xuan , Shen Jiani , Qiu Yagui , Yu Xueqing , Mao Haiping 
Published: August 2017

Summary at a GlanceThis study showed that there was a trend for a stepwise increase in the risk of both all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality with a reduced LVEF in CAPD patients, suggesting lower level of LVEF is an independent predictor for clinical outcomes in this population.
Semiparametric Estimator for Binary‐outcome Sample Selection: Prejudice Matters in Election
Authors: Choi Jin‐Young 
Published: August 2017

Abstracta semiparametric estimator for binary‐outcome sample‐selection models is proposed that imposes only single index assumptions on the selection and outcome equations without specifying the error term distribution. I adopt the idea in Lewbel (2000) using a ‘special regressor’ to transform the binary response Y so that the transformed Y becomes linear in the latent index, which then makes it possible to remove the selection correction term by differencing the transformed Y equation. There are various versions of the estimator, which perform differently trading off bias and variance. A simulation study is conducted, and then I apply the estimators to US presidential election data in 2008 and 2012 to assess the impact of racial prejudice on the elections, as a black candidate was involved for the first time ever in the US history.
Ten years of simulation‐based training in pediatric anesthesia: The inception, evolution, and dissemination of the Managing Emergencies in Pediatric Anesthesia (MEPA) course
Authors: Everett Tobias C. , MacKinnon Ralph , de Beer David , Taylor Matthew , Bould Matthew Dylan 
Published: August 2017

Summary2016 marked the 10‐year anniversary of the inception of the Managing Emergencies in Paediatric Anaesthesia (MEPA) course. This simulation‐based program was originally created to allow trainees in pediatric anesthesia to experience operating room emergencies which although infrequent, would be considered key competencies for any practicing anesthetist with responsibility for providing care to children. Since its original manifestation, the course has evolved in content, scope, and worldwide availability, such that it is now available at over 60 locations on five continents. The content has been modified for different learner groups and translated into several languages. This article describes the history, evolution, and dissemination of the MEPA course to share lessons learnt with educators considering the launch of similar initiatives in their field.
A treatment development study of a cognitive and mindfulness‐based therapy for adolescents with co‐occurring post‐traumatic stress and substance use disorder
Authors: Fortuna Lisa R. , Porche Michelle V. , Padilla Auralyd 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveSubstance use is common among adolescents with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We aimed to develop and study an integrated treatment for adolescents with co‐occurring disorders.DesignThis is a therapy development and open pilot trial study of a manualized therapy for adolescents with post‐traumatic stress, depression, and substance use that uses a combination of cognitive therapy (CT) and mindfulness.MethodsDescriptive statistics and paired sample t‐tests were calculated to assess for changes in PTSD symptoms, depression, and substance use frequency from baseline to end of treatment using standardized measures and validated by urine drug screens. We also examined for safety, predictors of clinical outcomes, and treatment retention.ResultsThirty‐seven adolescents participated in the study; 62% were study completers as defined by retention for at least 6 weeks of treatment. There were significant improvements in PTSD and depression symptoms from baseline to end of treatment, reflecting medium effect sizes, and which was associated with changes in trauma‐associated cognitions. There was a reduction in cannabis use, which was the most commonly used substance.ConclusionsPreliminary results suggest feasibility, safety, and potential clinical effectiveness of an integrated therapy for adolescents with PTSD, depression, and substance use. Retention was comparable to other therapy clinical trial studies of adolescents despite the high risk for poor treatment retention and poor clinical outcomes among adolescents with PTSD and co‐occurring disorders. We discuss the rationale for continued research of this mindfulness‐based CT for adolescents with co‐occurring disorders.Practitioner points

Adolescents with co‐occurring PTSD and substance use achieved meaningful improvement in PTSD and depression symptom severity after receiving a CT and mindfulness dual diagnosis approach.

An integrated manualized therapy for dual diagnosis shows promise for reducing cannabis use in adolescents with PTSD.

Changes in trauma‐related cognitions have the potential to improve PTSD and depression symptoms in adolescents with substance use problems.
Molecular mapping and candidate gene analysis for fruit epidermal structure in cucumber
Authors: Zhang Song , Miao Han , Song Zichao , Liu Panna , Wang Ye , Wehner Todd C. , Gu Xingfang , Zhang Shengping 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFirmness of skin is an important quality of processing cucumbers, which is a feature of the palisade epidermis in these types compared to flat epidermis in fresh cucumbers. This study was conducted to map the Pe (palisade epidermis) and analyse the candidate gene. Populations derived from the cross of two inbred lines, NCG122 with fruit flat epidermis and NCG121 with fruit palisade epidermis, were used to identify the inheritance of palisade epidermis and to map the gene involved in its development. The results showed that the palisade epidermis trait is controlled by a single gene, Pe, that is dominant over flat epidermis. Seven simple sequence repeat (SSR) and five insertion deletion (Indel) markers were identified to be linked to the Pe gene. It was mapped to cucumber chromosome 5 (Chr.5) between SSR14611 and Indelpe12 with genetic distances of 0.3 cM and 0.2 cM, respectively. The physical distance of the genomic region harbouring the gene was 227.5 kb with 26 predicted candidate genes. The accuracy of marker‐assisted selection using the molecular markers, Indelpe12 and SSR14611, was 68% and 88%, respectively.
Ectropion Improvement with Topical Tazarotene in Children with Lamellar Ichthyosis
Authors: Hanson Brooke , Becker Lauren , Hook Kristen , Polcari Ingrid , Areaux Raymond G. , Maguiness Sheilagh 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesLamellar ichthyosis (LI) is a well‐described phenotypic subtype of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI). The condition typically presents at birth with collodion membrane and leads to thick, plate‐like scaling of the skin throughout the body, alopecia, and prominent ocular manifestations. Ocular complications include bilateral cicatricial ectropion and lagophthalmos. These ocular complications can lead to chronic exposure keratitis and in some cases corneal ulceration and blindness. No cure for ichthyosis exists. Treatment of ocular complications in LI includes surgical correction, systemic retinoids, and a variety of topical therapies such as emollients, keratolytics, and retinoids.MethodsFive children with LI cared for at our institution were identified and included. Patient age at the start of therapy ranged from 2 weeks to 9 years. Electronic medical records were reviewed and data from pediatric dermatologist and pediatric ophthalmologist visits were obtained. Data were collected before and after treatment of daily or twice‐daily 0.05% to 0.1% tazarotene cream applied to the face and eyelids.ResultsAll patients had improvement in the degree of ectropion, with complete resolution in two of the five patients. The two patients with lagophthalmos at the time of tazarotene initiation experienced complete resolution. No adverse effects were reported.ConclusionsTazarotene cream appears to be effective in the management of ectropion and lagophthalmos in the setting of LI in children, even in the neonatal period.
Epiphytic growth of Xanthomonas arboricola and Xanthomonas citri on non‐host plants
Authors: Zarei S. , Taghavi S. M. , Hamzehzarghani H. , Osdaghi E. , Lamichhane J.R. 
Published: August 2017

The population dynamics of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) and X. citri subsp. citri (Xcc) was assessed on over three dozen plant species/genotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. Both Xap and Xcc multiplied on red nightshade, black nightshade, bindweed, Chenopodium, common bean and wheat up to 20 days post‐inoculation (dpi) under greenhouse conditions. A high bacterial growth rate was observed on all (alfalfa, bindweed, Chenopodium, field mustard, millet and prickly lettuce) but one (liquorice) plant species tested under field conditions. Xap successfully proliferated on both lemon and sweet lemon up to 140 dpi, attaining a population density even higher than that of Xcc. The latter showed an increased growth rate on GxN, GF677, Ghisella 6 and Mariana 2624 rootstocks up to 140 dpi. While Xap and Xcc did not grow on pomegranate and common fig, they had a steady population growth on apple and pear plants up to 140 dpi, although the final population sizes were smaller than those observed on lemon and sweet lemon plants. The results suggest that a large number of non‐host plant species could support epiphytic populations of Xap or Xcc, which may have implications for plant disease epidemiology.
Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy and the Risk of Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Grandi Sonia M. , Vallée‐Pouliot Karine , Reynier Pauline , Eberg Maria , Platt Robert W. , Arel Roxane , Basso Olga , Filion Kristian B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundHypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) have been shown to predict later risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, previous studies have not accounted for subsequent pregnancies and their complications, which are potential confounders and intermediates of this association.MethodsA cohort of 146 748 women with a first pregnancy was constructed using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. HDP was defined using diagnostic codes, elevated blood pressure readings, or new use of an anti‐hypertensive drug between 18 weeks’ gestation and 6 weeks post‐partum. The study outcomes were incident CVD and hypertension. Marginal structural Cox models (MSM) were used to account for time‐varying confounders and intermediates. Time‐fixed exposure defined at the first pregnancy was used in secondary analyses.ResultsA total of 997 women were diagnosed with incident CVD, and 6812 women were diagnosed with hypertension or received a new anti‐hypertensive medication during the follow‐up period. Compared with women without HDP, those with HDP had a substantially higher rate of CVD (hazard ratio (HR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7, 2.7). In women with HDP, the rate of hypertension was five times that of women without a HDP (HR 5.6, 95% CI 5.1, 6.3). With overlapping 95% CIs, the time‐fixed analysis and the MSM produced consistent results for both outcomes.ConclusionsWomen with HDP are at increased risk of developing subsequent CVD and hypertension. Similar estimates obtained with the MSM and the time‐fixed analysis suggests that subsequent pregnancies do not confound a first episode of HDP and later CVD.
Domination of invasive Nostocales (Cyanoprokaryota) at 52°N latitude
Authors: Budzyńska Agnieszka , Gołdyn Ryszard 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARY
Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides are increasingly widespread cyanobacterial species, considered invasive. However, they have never been found to dominate the phytoplankton in the northern part of the invaded area. The aim of our study was to expand the understanding of the invasion process in Nostocales, by answering the question which environmental conditions enabled the first ever noted bloom incident of C. raciborskii and S. aphanizomenoides in the northern part of their current occurrence ranges. We examined the population dynamics of the two invasive cyanobacteria and the abiotic conditions in which their blooms developed in a reservoir at 52°N. We also examined the phytoplankton community diversity and composition before and during the invasive species blooms. As shown by redundancy analysis, the competitive advantage of S. aphanizomenoides depended strongly on high water temperature and high concentration of phosphates, and was positively related to other summer conditions (low water transparency, high ammonium nitrogen concentration). C. raciborskii biomass was not related to temperature and phosphates, but we argue that high water temperature in the first half of July enabled abundant akinete germination, and pulsed phosphorus availability synergized to bring about a later bloom. Both the invasive species co‐occurred with the native cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon gracile, but C. raciborskii bloomed after the native species domination period. The results of the study corroborate the high competitiveness of S. aphanizomenoides in hot, nutrient‐rich conditions, and the adaptation of the invaders to the environment in the invaded regions, inter alia by the overwintering mechanism of numerous akinete differentiation. Our results also contradict the assumption that the phytoplankton diversity index would decrease after colonization of freshwater bodies by invasive cyanoprokaryotes.
Basics of genome editing technology and its application in livestock species
Authors: Petersen Bjoern 
Published: August 2017

ContentsIn the last decade, the research community has witnessed a blooming of targeted genome editing tools and applications. Novel programmable DNA nucleases such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator‐like endonucleases (TALENs) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 system (CRISPR/Cas9) possess long recognition sites and are capable of cutting DNA in a very specific manner. These DNA nucleases mediate targeted genetic alterations by enhancing the DNA mutation rate via induction of double‐strand breaks at a predetermined genomic site. Compared to conventional homologous recombination‐based gene targeting, DNA nucleases, also referred to as Genome Editors (GEs), can increase the targeting rate around 10,000‐ to 100,000‐fold. The successful application of different GEs has been shown in a myriad of different organisms, including insects, amphibians, plants, nematodes and several mammalian species, including human cells and embryos. In contrast to all other DNA nucleases, that rely on protein–DNA binding, CRISPR/Cas9 uses RNA to establish a specific binding of its DNA nuclease. Besides its capability to facilitate multiplexed genomic modifications in one shot, the CRISPR/Cas is much easier to design compared to all other DNA nucleases. Current results indicate that any DNA nuclease can be successfully employed in a broad range of organisms which renders them useful for improving the understanding of complex physiological systems such as reproduction, producing transgenic animals, including creating large animal models for human diseases, creating specific cell lines, and plants, and even for treating human genetic diseases. This review provides an update on DNA nucleases, their underlying mechanism and focuses on their application to edit the genome of livestock species.
Mastitis treatment—Reduction in antibiotic usage in dairy cows
Authors: Krömker V , Leimbach S 
Published: August 2017

ContentsAnimal‐friendly, economical, resource‐saving milk production provides the basis for sustained consumer acceptance. Bovine mastitis plays a decisive role in the dairy industry—disturbing animal health and welfare and causing considerable economic losses on the other hand. Currently, antimicrobial treatment is indispensable to keep bovine udder health, animal welfare and economic aspects in balance. On the contrary, emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent matter of particular public interest, and as a consequence, antimicrobial usage (AMU) in production livestock is a critically discussed subject. In urgent need of future reduction in AMU in the dairy industry, this review article describes and discusses possible approaches promising prompt implementation, including therapeutical alternatives as well as pro‐ and metaphylactic concepts such as the implementation of evidence‐based mastitis therapy concepts and selective dry cow treatment (sDCT), in search of the most effective and contemporary methods for decreasing AMU and AMR in dairy production.