bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of timing and repetition of stubble cultivation for post‐harvest control of Elymus repens
Authors: Ringselle B , Bergkvist G , Aronsson H , Andersson L 
Published: November 2015

SummaryWithout herbicides, the control of Elymus repens relies on intensive tillage, often in the form of repeated post‐harvest stubble cultivations followed by ploughing. This is costly and time‐consuming and also increases the risk of nitrogen leaching. Our aim was to quantify the controlling effect on E. repens of single and repeated cultivation and differing time of cultivation in relation to spring cereal harvest. A 2‐year experiment was conducted at two sites in the south and east of Sweden in 2011–2012 and 2012–2013. We compared no, single and repeated tine cultivation followed by mouldboard ploughing; the single cultivation was performed directly after harvest or 20 days after harvest; when repeated, the first cultivation was performed immediately or 5 days after harvest, followed by a second cultivation 20 days after harvest. Tine cultivation in combination with mouldboard ploughing resulted in 50–70% lower rhizome biomass, and increased average subsequent cereal yields by 0–130% compared with ploughing alone. Large E. repens populations appeared to be more efficiently reduced by tine cultivation than smaller populations. A single tine cultivation 20 days after harvest tended to result in a higher E. repens shoot density and more rhizome biomass in the subsequent year than tine cultivation directly after harvest. Additional cultivation 20 days after harvest did not improve control of E. repens or the subsequent cereal grain yield, compared with a single cultivation conducted directly after harvest. In conclusion, preventing the growth of E. repens during the early part of the post‐harvest autumn period was more important than starving rhizomes with repeated cultivations.
Multicenter prospective randomized study comparing the technique of using a bovine pericardium biological prosthesis reinforcement in parietal herniorrhaphy (Tutomesh TUTOGEN) with simple parietal herniorrhaphy, in a potentially contaminated setting
Authors: Nedelcu Marius , Verhaeghe Pierre , Skalli Mehdi , Champault Gerard , Barrat Christophe , Sebbag Hugues , Reche Fabian , Passebois Laurent , Beyrne Daniel , Gugenheim Jean , Berdah Stephane , Bouayed Amine , Michel Fabre Jean , Nocca David 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe use of parietal synthetic prosthetic reinforcement material in potentially contaminated settings is not recommended, as there is a risk that the prosthesis may become infected. Thus, simple parietal herniorrhaphy, is the conventional treatment, even though there is a significant risk that the hernia may recur. Using new biomaterials of animal origin presently appears to offer a new therapeutic solution, but their effectiveness has yet to be demonstrated. The purpose of this multicenter prospective randomized single‐blind study was to compare the surgical treatment of inguinal hernia or abdominal incisional hernia by simple parietal herniorrhaphy without prosthetic reinforcement (Group A), with Tutomesh TUTOGEN biological prosthesis reinforcement parietal herniorrhaphy (Group B), in a potentially contaminated setting. We examined early postoperative complications in the first month after the operation, performed an assessment after one year of survival without recurrence and analyzed the quality of life and pain of the patients (using SF‐12 health status questionnaire and Visual Analog Pain Scale) at 1, 6, and 12 months, together with an economic impact study. Hundred and thirty four patients were enrolled between January 2009 and October 2010 in 20 French hospitals. The groups were comparable with respect to their enrollment characteristics, their history, types of operative indications and procedures carried out. At one month post‐op, the rate of infectious complications (n(A) = 11(18.33%) vs. n(B) = 12(19.05%), p = 0.919) was not significantly different between the two groups. The assessment after one year of survival without recurrence revealed that survival was significantly greater in Group B (Group A recurrence: 10, Group B: 3; p = 0.0475). No difference in the patients' quality of life was demonstrated at 1, 6, or 12 months. However, at the 1 month follow‐up, the “perceived health” rating seemed better in the group with Tutomesh (p = 0.022). No significant difference between the two parietal repair groups was observed during the follow‐ups with respect to the criterion of pain (using a visual analog scale). There was a significant difference between the two parietal repair groups with regard to the number of days spent in intensive care unit, in favor of the Tutomesh technique (p = 0.010). The use of a Tutomesh bioprosthesis for hernia repair or postincisional hernia in a potentially contaminated workplace reduces the risk of short‐term recurrence without increasing overall comorbidity.
Epidemiology of chronic wounds in Germany: Analysis of statutory health insurance data
Authors: Heyer Kristina , Herberger Katharina , Protz Kerstin , Glaeske Gerd , Augustin Matthias 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEpidemiologic analyses in routine care of chronic wounds are scarce, and published studies show wide variations. This study analyzes the population‐based prevalence and incidence of chronic wounds in Germany. Secondary analyses of data from a German statutory health insurance with about 9 million insured persons were examined (2010 to 2012). Internal diagnostic validations were used to control for different inclusion criteria. In 2012, 1.04% (95% CI 1.03–1.05) of insured patients had a wound diagnosis, including 0.70% with leg ulcers and 0.27% with diabetic ulcers. Wound treatment was received by 0.43% (0.43–0.44) of patients. Prevalence and incidence increased over 3 years. Extrapolated to the German population, there were 786,407 prevalent and 196,602 incident chronic wounds, including 326,334/172,026 patients who underwent wound‐relevant treatment in 2012. There is an annually increasing frequency of chronic wounds in Germany. Chronic wound epidemiology is sensitive to wound treatment as a filter criterion.
Mechanistically based mapping of human cardiac fibrillation
Authors: Narayan Sanjiv M. , Zaman Junaid A. B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe mechanisms underpinning human cardiac fibrillation remain elusive. In his 1913 paper ‘On dynamic equilibrium in the heart’, Mines proposed that an activation wave front could propagate repeatedly in a circle, initiated by a stimulus in the vulnerable period. While the dynamics of activation and recovery are central to cardiac fibrillation, these physiological data are rarely used in clinical mapping. Fibrillation is a rapid irregular rhythm with spatiotemporal disorder resulting from two fundamental mechanisms – sources in preferred cardiac regions or spatially diffuse self‐sustaining activity, i.e. with no preferred source. On close inspection, however, this debate may also reflect mapping technique. Fibrillation is initiated from triggers by regional dispersion in repolarization, slow conduction and wavebreak, then sustained by non‐uniform interactions of these mechanisms. Notably, optical mapping of action potentials in atrial fibrillation (AF) show spiral wave sources (rotors) in nearly all studies including humans, while most traditional electrogram analyses of AF do not. Techniques may diverge in fibrillation because electrograms summate non‐coherent waves within an undefined field whereas optical maps define waves with a visually defined field. Also fibrillation operates at the limits of activation and recovery, which are well represented by action potentials while fibrillatory electrograms poorly represent repolarization. We conclude by suggesting areas for study that may be used, until such time as optical mapping is clinically feasible, to improve mechanistic understanding and therapy of human cardiac fibrillation.
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Sway‐dependent changes in standing ankle stiffness caused by muscle thixotropy
Authors: Sakanaka Tania E. , Lakie Martin , Reynolds Raymond F. 
Published: November 2015

Key points
The passive stiffness of the calf muscles contributes to standing balance, although the properties of muscle tissue are highly labile.
We investigated the effect of sway history upon intrinsic ankle stiffness and demonstrated reductions in stiffness of up to 43% during conditions of increased baseline sway.
This sway dependence was most apparent when using low amplitude stiffness‐measuring perturbations, and the short‐range stiffness component was smaller during periods of high sway.
These characteristics are consistent with the thixotropic properties of the calf muscles causing the observed changes in ankle stiffness.
Periods of increased sway impair the passive stabilization of standing, demanding more active neural control of balance.
AbstractQuiet standing is achieved through a combination of active and passive mechanisms, consisting of neural control and intrinsic mechanical stiffness of the ankle joint, respectively. The mechanical stiffness is partly determined by the calf muscles. However, the viscoelastic properties of muscle are highly labile, exhibiting a strong dependence on movement history. By measuring the effect of sway history upon ankle stiffness, the present study determines whether this lability has consequences for the passive stabilization of human standing. Ten subjects stood quietly on a rotating platform whose axis was collinear with the ankle joint. Ankle sway was increased by slowly tilting this platform in a random fashion, or decreased by fixing the body to a board. Ankle stiffness was measured by using the same platform to simultaneously apply small, brief perturbations (<0.6 deg; 140 ms) at the same time as the resulting torque response was recorded. The results show that increasing sway reduces ankle stiffness by up to 43% compared to the body‐fixed condition. Normal quiet stance was associated with intermediate values. The effect was most apparent when using smaller perturbation amplitudes to measure stiffness (0.1 vs. 0.6 deg). Furthermore, torque responses exhibited a biphasic pattern, consisting of an initial steep rise followed by a shallower increase. This transition occurred earlier during increased levels of ankle sway. These results are consistent with a movement‐dependent change in passive ankle stiffness caused by thixotropic properties of the calf muscle. The consequence is to place increased reliance upon active neural control during times when increased sway renders ankle stiffness low.
Relationship between retinal blood flow and arterial oxygen
Authors: Cheng Richard W. , Yusof Firdaus , Tsui Edmund , Jong Monica , Duffin James , Flanagan John G. , Fisher Joseph A. , Hudson Chris 
Published: November 2015

Key points
Vascular reactivity, the response of the vessels to a vasoactive stimulus such as hypoxia and hyperoxia, can be used to assess the vascular range of adjustment in which the vessels are able to compensate for changes in .
Previous studies in the retina have not accurately quantified retinal vascular responses and precisely targeted multiple stimuli at the same time as controlling the level of carbon dioxide, thus precluding them from modelling the relationship between retinal blood flow and oxygen.
The present study modelled the relationship between retinal blood flow and , showing them to be a combined linear and hyperbolic function.
This model demonstrates that the resting tonus of the vessels is at the mid‐point and that they have great vascular range of adjustment, compensating for decreases in oxygen above a of 32–37 mmHg but being limited below this threshold.
AbstractRetinal blood flow (RBF) increases in response to a reduction in oxygen (hypoxia) but decreases in response to increased oxygen (hyperoxia). However, the relationship between blood flow and the arterial partial pressure of oxygen has not been quantified and modelled in the retina, particularly in the vascular reserve and resting tonus of the vessels. The present study aimed to determine the limitations of the retinal vasculature by modelling the relationship between RBF and oxygen. Retinal vascular responses were measured in 13 subjects for eight different blood gas conditions, with the end‐tidal partial pressure of oxygen () ranging from 40–500 mmHg. Retinal vascular response measurements were repeated twice; using the Canon laser blood flowmeter (Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan) during the first visit and using Doppler spectral domain optical coherence tomography during the second visit. We determined that the relationship between RBF and can be modelled as a combination of hyperbolic and linear functions. We concluded that RBF compensated for decreases in arterial oxygen content for all stages of hypoxia used in the present study but can no longer compensate below a of 32–37 mmHg. These vessels have a great vascular range of adjustment, increasing diameter (8.5% arteriolar and 21% total venous area) with hypoxia (40 mmHg ; P < 0.001) and decreasing diameter (6.9% arteriolar and 23% total venous area) with hyperoxia (500 mmHg ; P < 0.001) to the same extent. This indicates that the resting tonus is near the mid‐point of the adjustment ranges at resting where sensitivity is maximum.
The consequences of fetal growth restriction on brain structure and neurodevelopmental outcome
Authors: Miller Suzanne L. , Huppi Petra S. , Mallard Carina 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFetal growth restriction (FGR) is a significant complication of pregnancy describing a fetus that does not grow to full potential due to pathological compromise. FGR affects 3–9% of pregnancies in high‐income countries, and is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Placental insufficiency is the principal cause of FGR, resulting in chronic fetal hypoxia. This hypoxia induces a fetal adaptive response of cardiac output redistribution to favour vital organs, including the brain, and is in consequence called brain sparing. Despite this, it is now apparent that brain sparing does not ensure normal brain development in growth‐restricted fetuses. In this review we have brought together available evidence from human and experimental animal studies to describe the complex changes in brain structure and function that occur as a consequence of FGR. In both humans and animals, neurodevelopmental outcomes are influenced by the timing of the onset of FGR, the severity of FGR, and gestational age at delivery. FGR is broadly associated with reduced total brain volume and altered cortical volume and structure, decreased total number of cells and myelination deficits. Brain connectivity is also impaired, evidenced by neuronal migration deficits, reduced dendritic processes, and less efficient networks with decreased long‐range connections. Subsequent to these structural alterations, short‐ and long‐term functional consequences have been described in school children who had FGR, most commonly including problems in motor skills, cognition, memory and neuropsychological dysfunctions.
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Spontaneous activity in the microvasculature of visceral organs: role of pericytes and voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels
Authors: Hashitani Hikaru , Lang Richard J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe microvasculature plays a primary role in the interchange of substances between tissues and the circulation. In visceral organs that undergo considerable distension upon filling, the microvasculature appears to display intrinsic contractile properties to maintain their flow. Submucosal venules in the bladder or gastrointestinal tract generate rhythmic spontaneous phasic constrictions and associated Ca2+ transients. These events are initiated within either venular pericytes or smooth muscle cells (SMCs) arising from spontaneous Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the opening of Ca2+‐activated chloride channels (CaCCs) that trigger Ca2+ influx through L‐type voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs). L‐type VDCCs also play a critical role in maintaining synchrony within the contractile mural cells. In the stomach myenteric layer, spontaneous Ca2+ transients originating in capillary pericytes appear to spread to their neighbouring arteriolar SMCs. Capillary Ca2+ transients primarily rely on SR Ca2+ release, but also require Ca2+ influx through T‐type VDCCs for their synchrony. The opening of T‐type VDCCs also contribute to the propagation of Ca2+ transients into SMCs. In visceral microvasculature, pericytes act as either spontaneously active contractile machinery of the venules or as pacemaker cells generating synchronous Ca2+ transients that drive spontaneous contractions in upstream arterioles. Thus pericytes play different roles in different vascular beds in a manner that may well depend on the selective expression of T‐type and L‐type Ca2+ channels.
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Unprecedented Melioidosis Cases in Northern Australia Caused by an Asian Burkholderia pseudomallei Strain Identified by Using Large-Scale Comparative Genomics
Authors: Price Erin P. , Sarovich Derek S. , Smith Emma J. , MacHunter Barbara , Harrington Glenda , Theobald Vanessa , Hall Carina M. , Hornstra Heidie M. , McRobb Evan , Podin Yuwana , Mayo Mark , Sahl Jason W. , Wagner David M. , Keim Paul , Kaestli Mirjam , Currie Bart J. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTMelioidosis is a disease of humans and animals that is caused by the saprophytic bacteriumBurkholderia pseudomallei. Once thought to be confined to certain locations, the known presence ofB. pseudomalleiis expanding as more regions of endemicity are uncovered. There is no vaccine for melioidosis, and even with antibiotic administration, the mortality rate is as high as 40% in some regions that are endemic for the infection. Despite high levels of recombination, phylogenetic reconstruction ofB. pseudomalleipopulations using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has revealed surprisingly robust biogeographic separation between isolates from Australia and Asia. To date, there have been no confirmed autochthonous melioidosis cases in Australia caused by an Asian isolate; likewise, no autochthonous cases in Asia have been identified as Australian in origin. Here, we used comparative genomic analysis of 455B. pseudomalleigenomes to confirm the unprecedented presence of an Asian clone, sequence type 562 (ST-562), in Darwin, northern Australia. First observed in Darwin in 2005, the incidence of melioidosis cases attributable to ST-562 infection has steadily risen, and it is now a common strain in Darwin. Intriguingly, the Australian ST-562 appears to be geographically restricted to a single locale and is genetically less diverse than other common STs from this region, indicating a recent introduction of this clone into northern Australia. Detailed genomic and epidemiological investigations of new clinical and environmentalB. pseudomalleiisolates in the Darwin region and ST-562 isolates from Asia will be critical for understanding the origin, distribution, and dissemination of this emerging clone in northern Australia.
Draft Genome Sequence of Porphyrobacter mercurialis (sp. nov.) Strain Coronado
Authors: Coil David A. , Eisen Jonathan A. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome of
Porphyrobacter mercurialis
strain Coronado, the proposed type strain for this species. The assembly contains 3,482,341 bp in 10 contigs.
Draft Genome Sequence of a European Isolate of the Apple Canker Pathogen
Neonectria ditissima
Authors: Gómez-Cortecero Antonio , Harrison Richard J. , Armitage Andrew D. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

The
Sordariomycetes
fungus
Neonectria ditissima
is a major pathogen of apples, causing canker on trees and fruit spoilage. We report here the draft genome sequence of a European strain isolated from cankerous tissue.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Pseudomonas
sp. Strain In5 Isolated from a Greenlandic Disease Suppressive Soil with Potent Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Hennessy Rosanna C. , Glaring Mikkel A. , Michelsen Charlotte F. , Olsson Stefan , Stougaard Peter 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas
sp. In5 is an isolate of disease suppressive soil with potent activity against pathogens. Its antifungal activity has been linked to a gene cluster encoding nonribosomal peptide synthetases producing the peptides nunamycin and nunapeptin. The genome sequence will provide insight into the genetics behind the antimicrobial activity of this strain.
Draft Genome Sequences of Facultative Methylotrophs,
Gemmobacter
sp. Strain LW1 and
Mesorhizobium
sp. Strain 1M-11, Isolated from Movile Cave, Romania
Authors: Kumaresan Deepak , Wischer Daniela , Hillebrand-Voiculescu Alexandra M. , Murrell J. Colin 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Facultative methylotrophs belonging to the genera
Gemmobacter
and
Mesorhizobium
were isolated from microbial mat and cave water samples obtained from the Movile Cave ecosystem. Both bacteria can utilize methylated amines as their sole carbon and nitrogen source. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of
Gemmobacter
sp. strain LW1 and
Mesorhizobium
sp. strain IM1.
Draft Genome Sequence of the FungusTrametes hirsuta072
Authors: Pavlov Andrey R. , Tyazhelova Tatiana V. , Moiseenko Konstantin V. , Vasina Daria V. , Mosunova Olga V. , Fedorova Tatiana V. , Maloshenok Lilya G. , Landesman Elena O. , Bruskin Sergei A. , Psurtseva Nadezhda V. , Slesarev Alexei I. , Kozyavkin Sergei A. , Koroleva Olga V. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTA standard draft genome sequence of the white rot saprotrophic fungusTrametes hirsuta072 (Basidiomycota,Polyporales) is presented. The genome sequence contains about 33.6 Mb assembled in 141 scaffolds with a G+C content of ~57.6%. The draft genome annotation predicts 14,598 putative protein-coding open reading frames (ORFs).
Complete Genome Sequence of
Enterococcus
Bacteriophage EFLK1
Authors: Khalifa Leron , Coppenhagen-Glazer Shunit , Shlezinger Mor , Kott-Gutkowski Miriam , Adini Omri , Beyth Nurit , Hazan Ronen 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

We previously isolated EFDG1, a lytic phage against enterococci for therapeutic use. Nevertheless, EFDG1-resistant bacterial strains (EFDG1
r
) have evolved. EFLK1, a new highly effective phage against EFDG1
r
strains, was isolated in this study. The genome of EFLK1 was fully sequenced, analyzed, and deposited in GenBank.
Draft Genome Sequence of Amantichitinum ursilacus IGB-41, a New Chitin-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Kirstahler Philipp , Günther Michael , Grumaz Christian , Lindemann Elena , Rupp Steffen , Zibek Susanne , Sohn Kai 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Amantichitinum ursilacus
IGB-41 is a new species of chitin-degrading bacterium isolated from soil, which secretes potential industrial enzymes. The genome of
A. ursilacus
was sequenced, and the gene set encoding chitinases was identified. Here, we present the draft genome of 4.9 Mb, comprising 38 contigs, and the corresponding annotation.
Draft Genome Sequences from Cyclospora cayetanensis Oocysts Purified from a Human Stool Sample
Authors: Qvarnstrom Yvonne , Wei-Pridgeon Yuping , Li Wen , Nascimento Fernanda S. , Bishop Henry S. , Herwaldt Barbara L. , Moss Delynn M. , Nayak Vishal , Srinivasamoorthy Ganesh , Sheth Mili , Arrowood Michael J. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

The parasite
Cyclospora cayetanensis
causes foodborne diarrheal illness. Here, we report draft genome sequences obtained from
C. cayetanensis
oocysts purified from a human stool sample. The genome assembly consists of 865 contigs with a total length of 44,563,857 bases. These sequences can facilitate the development of subtyping tools to aid outbreak investigations.
High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain 629, an Endophyte from Theobroma cacao
Authors: SantAnna Brena M. M. , Marbach Phellippe P. A. , Rojas-Herrera Marcelo , De Souza Jorge T. , Roque Milton R. A. , Queiroz Artur T. L. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
strain 629 is an endophyte isolated from
Theobroma cacao
L. Here, we report the draft genome sequence (3.9 Mb) of
B. amyloliquefaciens
strain 629 containing 16 contigs (3,903,367 bp), 3,912 coding sequences, and an average 46.5% G+C content.