bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Northern bobwhite breeding season ecology on a reclaimed surface mine
Authors: Brooke Jarred M. , Tanner Evan P. , Peters David C. , Tanner Ashley M. , Harper Craig A. , Keyser Patrick D. , Clark Joseph D. , Morgan John J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTSurface coal mining and subsequent reclamation of surface mines have converted large forest areas into early successional vegetative communities in the eastern United States. This reclamation can provide a novel opportunity to conserve northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). We evaluated the influence of habitat management activities on nest survival, nest‐site selection, and brood resource selection on managed and unmanaged units of a reclaimed surface mine, Peabody Wildlife Management Area (Peabody), in west‐central Kentucky, USA, from 2010 to 2013. We compared resource selection, using discrete‐choice analysis, and nest survival, using the nest survival model in Program MARK, between managed and unmanaged units of Peabody at 2 spatial scales: the composition and configuration of vegetation types (i.e., macrohabitat) and vegetation characteristics at nest sites and brood locations (i.e., microhabitat). On managed sites, we also investigated resource selection relative to a number of different treatments (e.g., herbicide, disking, prescribed fire). We found no evidence that nest‐site selection was influenced by macrohabitat variables, but bobwhite selected nest sites in areas with greater litter depth than was available at random sites. On managed units, bobwhite were more likely to nest where herbicide was applied to reduce sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) compared with areas untreated with herbicide. Daily nest survival was not influenced by habitat characteristics or by habitat management but was influenced by nest age and the interaction of nest initiation date and nest age. Daily nest survival was greater for older nests occurring early in the breeding season (0.99, SE < 0.01) but was lower for older nests occurring later in the season (0.08, SE = 0.13). Brood resource selection was not influenced by macrohabitat or microhabitat variables we measured, but broods on managed units selected areas treated with herbicide to control sericea lespedeza and were located closer to firebreaks and disked native‐warm season grass stands than would be expected at random. Our results suggest the vegetation at Peabody was sufficient without manipulation to support nesting and brood‐rearing northern bobwhite at a low level, but habitat management practices improved vegetation for nesting and brood‐rearing resource selection. Reproductive rates (e.g., nest survival and re‐nesting rates) at Peabody were lower than reported in other studies, which may be related to nutritional deficiencies caused by the abundance of sericea lespedeza. On reclaimed mine lands dominated by sericea lespedeza, we suggest continuing practices such as disking and herbicide application that are targeted at reducing sericea lespedeza to improve the vegetation for nesting and brood‐rearing bobwhite. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Extended locoregional use of intercostal artery perforator propeller flaps
Authors: Baghaki Semih , Diyarbakirlioglu Murat , Sahin Ugur , Kucuksucu Muge Anil , Turna Akif , Baca Bilgi , Aydın Yağmur 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBesides conventional flaps, intercostal artery perforator flaps have been reported to cover trunk defects. In this report the use of anterior intercostal artery perforator (AICAP) flap, lateral intercostal artery perforator (LICAP) flap and dorsal intercostal artery perforator (DICAP) flap for thoracic, abdominal, cervical, lumbar and sacral defects with larger dimensions and extended indications beyond the reported literature were reevaluated. Thirty‐nine patients underwent surgery between August 2012 and August 2014. The age of the patients ranged between 16 and 79 with a mean of 49 years. The distribution of defects were as follows; 12 thoracic, 8 parascapular, 3 cervical, 8 abdominal, 4 sacral and 4 lumbar. AICAP, LICAP and DICAP flaps were used for reconstruction. Fifty‐two ICAP flaps were performed on 39 patients. Flap dimensions ranged between 6 × 9 cm and 14 × 35 cm. Twenty‐six patients had single flap coverage and 13 patients had double flap coverage. Forty‐six flaps have been transferred as propeller flaps and 6 flaps have been transferred as perforator plus flap. Forty flaps (75%) went through transient venous congestion. In one DICAP flap, 30% of flap was lost. No infection, hematoma or seroma were observed in any patient. Follow‐up period ranged between 3 and 32 months with a mean of 9 months. The ICAP flaps provide reliable and versatile options in reconstructive surgery and can be used for challenging defects in trunk.
Model of the delayed translation of cyclin B maternal mRNA after sea urchin fertilization
Authors: Picard Vincent , Mulner‐Lorillon Odile , Bourdon Jérémie , Morales Julia , Cormier Patrick , Siegel Anne , Bellé Robert 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYSea urchin eggs exhibit a cap‐dependent increase in protein synthesis within minutes after fertilization. This rise in protein synthesis occurs at a constant rate for a great number of proteins translated from the different available mRNAs. Surprisingly, we found that cyclin B, a major cell‐cycle regulator, follows a synthesis pattern that is distinct from the global protein population, so we developed a mathematical model to analyze this dissimilarity in biosynthesis kinetic patterns. The model includes two pathways for cyclin B mRNA entry into the translational machinery: one from immediately available mRNA (mRNAcyclinB) and one from mRNA activated solely after fertilization (XXmRNAcyclinB). Two coefficients, α and β, were added to fit the measured scales of global protein and cyclin B synthesis, respectively. The model was simplified to identify the synthesis parameters and to allow its simulation. The calculated parameters for activation of the specific cyclin B synthesis pathway after fertilization included a kinetic constant (ka) of 0.024 sec−1, for the activation of XXmRNAcyclinB, and a critical time interval (t2) of 42 min. The proportion of XXmRNAcyclinB form was also calculated to be largely dominant over the mRNAcyclinB form. Regulation of cyclin B biosynthesis is an example of a select protein whose translation is controlled by pathways that are distinct from housekeeping proteins, even though both involve the same cap‐dependent initiation pathway. Therefore, this model should help provide insight to the signaling utilized for the biosynthesis of cyclin B and other select proteins. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 1070–1082, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Revised upper limb module for spinal muscular atrophy: Development of a new module
Authors: Mazzone Elena S. , Mayhew Anna , Montes Jacqueline , Ramsey Danielle , Fanelli Lavinia , Young Sally Dunaway , Salazar Rachel , De Sanctis Roberto , Pasternak Amy , Glanzman Allan , Coratti Giorgia , Civitello Matthew , Forcina Nicola , Gee Richard , Duong Tina , Pane Marika , Scoto Mariacristina , Pera Maria Carmela , Messina Sonia , Tennekoon Gihan , Day John W. , Darras Basil T. , De Vivo Darryl C. , Finkel Richard , Muntoni Francesco , Mercuri Eugenio 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere is a growing need for a robust clinical measure to assess upper limb motor function in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), as the available scales lack sensitivity at the extremes of the clinical spectrum. We report the development of the Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM), an assessment specifically designed for upper limb function in SMA patients.MethodsAn international panel with specific neuromuscular expertise performed a thorough review of scales currently available to assess upper limb function in SMA. This review facilitated a revision of the existing upper limb function scales to make a more robust clinical scale.ResultsMultiple revisions of the scale included statistical analysis and captured clinically relevant changes to fulfill requirements by regulators and advocacy groups.ConclusionsThe resulting RULM scale shows good reliability and validity, making it a suitable tool to assess upper extremity function in the SMA population for multi‐center clinical research. Muscle Nerve 55: 869–874, 2017
A plane strain yield design approach to stability analysis of a column‐reinforced soil foundation under inclined loading
Authors: Arévalos M.A. , Maghous S. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe ultimate bearing capacity problem of column‐reinforced foundations under inclined loading is investigated within the framework of static and kinematic approaches of yield design theory. The configuration of a native soft clayey soil reinforced by either a group of purely cohesive columns (lime‐column technique) or a group of purely frictional columns (stone‐column technique) is analyzed under plane strain conditions. First, lower bound estimates are derived for the ultimate bearing capacity by considering statically admissible piecewise linear stress distributions that comply with the local strength conditions of the constitutive materials. The problem is then handled by means of the yield design kinematic approach of limit analysis through the implementation of several failure mechanisms, allowing the formulation of upper bound estimates for the ultimate bearing capacity. A series of finite element limit load solutions obtained from numerical elastoplastic simulations suggests that the predictions derived from the kinematic approach appear to be more accurate than the estimates obtained from the static approach. Comparison with available results obtained in the context of yield design homogenization demonstrates the accuracy of the proposed direct analysis, which may therefore be viewed as complementary approach to homogenization‐based approaches when a small number of columns is involved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urinary incontinence in the Netherlands: Prevalence and associated risk factors in adults
Authors: Linde J. Marleen , Nijman Rien J.M. , Trzpis Monika , Broens Paul M.A. 
Published: October 2016

AimsTo determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with urinary incontinence (UI) among adults in the Netherlands.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we included 1257 respondents aged ≥ 18 years, who completed the validated Groningen Defecation and Fecal Continence Checklist. UI was defined as any involuntary leakage of urine during the past 6 months.ResultsThe prevalence of UI in the total group was 36.8%. Women experienced UI significantly more often than men (49.0% versus 22.6%, respectively, P < 0.001). We found that in both men and women, the prevalence of UI increased with aging (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively). Remarkably, multivariate analysis revealed that age did not influence UI in men. Men and women aged 18‐39 also experienced UI (17.0% and 36.1%, respectively). We established that diabetes mellitus, fecal incontinence, and constipation were risk factors for UI. In women, obesity, vaginal hysterectomies, and vaginal parturition were also risk factors for UI, as was prostate surgery in men.ConclusionsThe prevalence of UI in the Netherlands is high. Medical practitioners should therefore not underestimate this problem, especially among young people. Because the multivariate analysis revealed that in men age did not correlate significantly with UI, we believe that the risk of experiencing UI increases with age because of diseases that are known to lead to UI and not because of aging as a single factor itself. Finally, this study can be used as a reference for patients living in Western‐Europe.
The association between parental separation during childhood and obesity in adulthood: a Danish twin study
Authors: Petersen J. D. , Kyvik K. O. , Heitmann B. L. , Vámosi M. E. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine if parental separation during childhood is associated with obesity in adulthood.MethodsA co‐twin case–control study of 146 adult same‐sexed twin pairs with discordant body mass index (BMI) (i.e. one of the twins should have a BMI of 20–25 kg/m2, and the co‐twin's BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was selected from Danish Twin Registry (DTR). In total of 236 eligible twin individuals participated in the study. Childhood parental separation (defined as separation from one of the biological parents, regardless of the reason for separation) for at least one year prior to age 17 was self‐reported. The statistical analysis includes logistic and linear regression models using STATA 13.0.ResultsThere were no differences in the odds of developing obesity in adulthood between the twin who stayed with a father and the co‐twin who was separated from him for at least 1 year prior to age 17 [OR = 1.22, 95%CI (0.46–3.34), p = 0.65]. Separation from a mother also showed no differences in the odds for developing obesity [OR = 0.90, 95%CI (0.32–2.46), p = 0.82].ConclusionsBecause of the limited number of discordant twin pairs for childhood parental separation, we cannot provide evidence to suggest that separation from parents in childhood was associated with developing obesity in adulthood. Further studies of pooling discordant twins from several countries should be considered.
Fine‐tuning vascular fate during endothelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Xiao Lin , Dudley Andrew C 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the heart and other organs, endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has emerged as an important developmental process that involves coordinated migration, differentiation, and proliferation of the endothelium. In multiple disease states including cancer angiogenesis and cardiovascular disease, the processes that regulate EndMT are recapitulated, albeit in an uncoordinated and dysregulated manner. Members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily are well known to impart cellular plasticity during EndMT by the timely activation (or repression) of transcription factors and miRNAs in addition to epigenetic regulation of gene expression. On the other hand, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are reported to augment or oppose TGFβ‐driven EndMT in specific contexts. Here, we have synthesized the currently understood roles of TGFβ and FGF signalling during EndMT and have provided a new, comprehensive paradigm that delineates how an autocrine and paracrine TGFβ/FGF axis coordinates endothelial cell specification and plasticity. We also provide new guidelines and nomenclature that considers factors such as endothelial cell heterogeneity to better define EndMT across different vascular beds. This perspective should therefore help to clarify why TGFβ and FGF can both cooperate with or oppose one another during the complex process of EndMT in both health and disease. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Double phosphorylation‐induced structural changes in the signal‐receiving domain of IκBα in complex with NF‐κB
Authors: Yazdi Samira , Naumann Michael , Stein Matthias 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTActivation of the transcription factor NF‐κB requires degradation of its physiological inhibitor IκBα in order to allow nuclear translocation of NF‐κB. NF‐κB activity links inflammation and carcinogenesis and makes its signaling pathway an important target for therapeutic intervention. The signal‐receiving N‐terminal domain (SRD) of the NF‐κB inhibitor IκBα harbors the sites of post‐translational modifications (Ser32 and 36) directed by the IκB kinase (IKK) complex. The SRD was originally recognized to be highly disordered, but was recently shown to possess stable secondary structural elements. Identifying and characterizing the structural effects that arise from phosphorylation may explain how phosphorylation regulates the IκBα‐NF‐κB protein complex. Therefore, the effect of post‐translational mono‐ and double‐phosphorylation of the serine residues of the SRD was analyzed. The structural modifications of the IκBα‐NF‐κB protein‐protein complex due to mono‐phosphorylation of either Ser32 or Ser36 amino acid residues or simultaneous phosphorylation were investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Mono‐phosphorylation at either Ser32 or Ser36 was not sufficient to induce significant structural changes in the secondary structure of the SRD of IκBα. Double‐phosphorylation yielded an increase in distance between the Cα atoms of these serine residues, indicative of a structural change. Only this two‐fold phosphorylation induced the extended, more stabilized conformation of the degron motif which renders it accessible by the E3 ligase. In summary, these results provide insight into the conformational changes induced in IκBα proteins upon phosphorylation that are vital to their signaling dynamics and enable us to propose a model for the phosphorylation of the SRD. Proteins 2016; 85:17–29. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mass spectrometric fragmentation and photocatalytic transformation of nicotine and cotinine
Authors: Medana Claudio , Santoro Valentina , Bello Federica Dal , Sala Cecilia , Pazzi Marco , Sarro Marco , Calza Paola 
Published: October 2016

RationaleNicotine and cotinine are, respectively, alkaloids produced mainly by the Solanaceae plant family, especially tobacco, and its most important human metabolite. These compounds are frequently found as contaminants in wastewater or landfill samples and they could be used to evaluate pollution by tobacco use. The aim of this study is to improve the knowledge about possible transformation pathways of nicotine and cotinine. This would help the identification of degradants by using HPLC coupled with a high resolving power mass analyzer (LTQ‐Orbitrap). In addition, we evaluated toxicity on bioluminescent photobacteria to indicate possible relationships between the formation of transformation products and their toxic effects.MethodsThe transformation of nicotine and cotinine and the formation of intermediate products were evaluated adopting titanium dioxide as photocatalyst. The structural identification of photocatalytic transformation products of these two alkaloids was based on LC/multistage MS experiments. High‐resolution MS allowed the elemental composition of these products to be hypothesized. The evolution of toxicity as a function of the irradiation time was also studied using a bioluminescent photobacterium (Vibrio fischeri) test.ResultsSeveral products were formed and characterized using HPLC/HRMSn. The main photocatalytic pathways involving nicotine and cotinine appear to be hydroxylation, demethylation and oxidation. Nine degradants were formed from nicotine, including cotinine. Seven degradants were generated from cotinine. There is no transformation product in common between the two studied molecules.ConclusionsThe study of photocatalytic degradation allowed us to partially simulate human metabolism and the environmental transformation of the bioactive alkaloid nicotine. We searched for some of the identified transformation products in river water and landfill percolate by solid‐phase extraction and HPLC/HRMS and eventually their presence was confirmed. These new findings could be of interest in further metabolism and environmental pollution studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite horizon H∞ control for a class of sampled‐data linear quantum systems
Authors: Maalouf Aline I. , Petersen Ian R. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIn this paper, a finite horizon H∞ control problem is solved for a class of linear quantum systems using a dynamic game approach for the case of sampled‐data measurements. The methodology adopted involves an equivalence between the quantum problem and two auxiliary classical problems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethnic Enclave and Entrepreneurial Financing: Asian Venture Capitalists in Silicon Valley
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wong Poh Kam , Ho Yuen Ping 
Published: October 2016

Research summaryWe examine the dilemma of ethnic investors in using ethnic network ties to invest by extending the ‘ethnic enclave’ concept to incorporate two dimensions: social network and social status. Our analysis of the first round of venture capital funding in Silicon Valley from 1976 to 2004 shows a higher likelihood of Asian venture capitalists (VCs) investing in Asian‐led ventures than mainstream VCs. In addition, the valuation of their investments in mainstream ventures is higher than those by mainstream VCs in such ventures. In contrast, this premium effect is not observed when mainstream VCs invest in Asian ventures. These asymmetrical findings suggest the premium Asian VCs pay to compete in the mainstream venture market is due to their lower social status rather than their social network disadvantages.Managerial summaryDo ethnic minority investors behave differently from more mainstream investors? We examine this question by studying the venture capital industry in Silicon Valley over the period 1976 to 2004. We found that Asian venture capitalists (VCs) were more likely to invest in immigrant Asian entrepreneurs than mainstream VCs, and when they did invest in mainstream ventures, they paid higher valuations than mainstream VCs. In contrast, mainstream VCs did not pay higher average valuations compared to Asian VCs when they invested in Asian ventures. We show that two social factors—the ethnic minority VCs' social network ties and their lower social status—could have contributed to such behavioral differences. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
EGF-Amphiregulin Interplay in Airway Stem/Progenitor Cells Links the Pathogenesis of Smoking-Induced Lesions in the Human Airway Epithelium
Authors: Zuo Wu-Lin , Yang Jing , Gomi Kazunori , Chao IonWa , Crystal Ronald G. , Shaykhiev Renat 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The airway epithelium of cigarette smokers undergoes dramatic remodeling with hyperplasia of basal cells (BC) and mucus-producing cells, squamous metaplasia, altered ciliated cell differentiation and decreased junctional barrier integrity, relevant to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. In this study, we show that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand amphiregulin (AREG) is induced by smoking in human airway epithelium as a result of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-driven squamous differentiation of airway BC stem/progenitor cells. In turn, AREG induced a unique EGFR activation pattern in human airway BC, distinct from that evoked by EGF, leading to BC- and mucous hyperplasia, altered ciliated cell differentiation and impaired barrier integrity. Further, AREG promoted its own expression and suppressed expression of EGF, establishing an autonomous self-amplifying signaling loop in airway BC relevant for promotion of EGF-independent hyperplastic phenotypes. Thus, EGF-AREG interplay in airway BC stem/progenitor cells is one of the mechanisms that mediates the interconnected pathogenesis of all major smoking-induced lesions in the human airway epithelium.