bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Accelerates Traumatic Vertebral Fracture Healing by Coupling Proliferation of Type H Microvessels
Authors: Wu Suiyi , Xu Ximing , Sun Jingchuan , Zhang Yao , Shi Jiangang , Xu Tianming 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesPatients with traumatic vertebral fractures often have major associated postoperative morbidities such as healing failure and kyphosis. Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (US) has been found to promote bone fracture healing. The objectives of our study were to determine whether low‐intensity pulsed US could promote traumatic vertebral fracture healing and to explore its inner mechanisms.MethodsA rat model of traumatic vertebral fracture was created and treated with low‐intensity pulsed US after surgery. At 4 weeks after surgery, radiographic, micro‐computed tomography, and 3‐dimensional reconstruction were used to assess the radiologic healing status; a histologic analysis was performed to evaluate the pathologic process and relationship between osteogenesis and type H microvessels.ResultsWell‐remodeled trabecular meshworks were found in the low‐intensity pulsed US treatment group compared to the control group. Micro‐computed tomography and 3‐dimensional reconstruction revealed more and thicker trabeculae after low‐intensity pulsed US treatment. Abundant chondrocytes, a newly formed bone marrow cavity, trabeculae, and microvessels were formed at the fracture sites. More osterix‐positive osteoblasts were circling the newly formed bone meshwork and were situated at the interface of chondrocytes in the low‐intensity pulsed US treatment group. Type H microvessels were spreading around the newly formed trabecula, bone marrow cavity, osteoblasts, and interface of chondrocytes, with a larger mean vascular density in the low‐intensity pulsed US group.ConclusionsLow‐intensity pulsed US could accelerate traumatic vertebral fracture healing by temporally and spatially increasing chondrogenesis and osteoblast‐induced osteogenesis coupled with angiogenesis of type H microvessels in a rat model of traumatic vertebral fracture.
Evaluation of the Anterior Talofibular Ligament via Stress Sonography in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Populations
Authors: Mizrahi Daniel J. , Nazarian Levon N. , Parker Laurence 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesSonography during externally applied stress has the potential to identify ligamentous instability, but diagnostic parameters for the most commonly sprained ankle ligament, the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), have not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to determine normative values of the change in the length of the ATFL in an asymptomatic population during manual stress sonography and to compare these values to those in patients with clinical findings of anterolateral ankle instability.MethodsSonography of the ATFL at rest and with maximally applied manual stress was performed bilaterally in 20 asymptomatic volunteers from each of three 10‐year age groups from 20 to 50 years. Data were compared to those for 34 patients retrospectively identified who underwent stress sonography of the ATFL for clinical signs and symptoms of chronic anterolateral ankle instability.ResultsIn the asymptomatic population (10 men and 10 women), for men, the mean change in ATFL length between stress and neutral positions was 0.44 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32–0.57 mm). For women, it was 0.43 mm (95% CI, 0.31–0.55 mm). The difference in laxity between sexes was not significant (P = .85). In the symptomatic population, the mean ATFL length difference between stress and neutral positions was 1.26 mm (95% CI, 0.97–1.55 mm). A t test comparing the mean change in ATFL length showed a statistically significant increase in laxity in the symptomatic group (P < .0001).ConclusionsThe normal ATFL shows minimal laxity in both men and women on stress sonography, with significantly greater laxity among patients with ankle instability. Given these findings, stress sonography may have an important role in the imaging diagnosis of anterolateral ankle instability.
Functional study of a novel missense single‐nucleotide variant of NUP107 in two daughters of Mexican origin with premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Ren Yu , Diao Feiyang , Katari Sunita , Yatsenko Svetlana , Jiang Huaiyang , Wood‐Trageser Michelle A. , Rajkovic Aleksandar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundHypergonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that usually presents with amenorrhea, atrophic ovaries, and low estrogen. Most cases of HH are idiopathic and nonsyndromic. Nucleoporin 107 (NUP107), a protein involved in transport between cytoplasm and nucleus with putative roles in meiosis/mitosis progression, was recently implicated as a cause of HH. We identified a NUP107 genetic variant in a nonconsanguineous family with two sisters affected with primary amenorrhea and HH, and generated a mouse model that carried the human variant.MethodsWe performed a high‐resolution X‐chromosome microarray and whole exome sequencing on parents and two sisters with HH to identify pathogenic variants. We generated a mouse model of candidate NUP107 variant using CRISPR/Cas9.ResultsWhole exome sequencing identified a novel and rare missense variant in the NUP107 gene (c.1063C>T, p.R355C) in both sisters with HH. In order to determine functional significance of this variant, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce the human variant into the mouse genome. Mice with the homolog of the R355C variant, as well as the nine base pairs deletion in Nup107 had female subfertility.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that NUP107 R355C variant falls in the category of variant of unknown significance as the cause of HH and infertility.
A discussion paper on stigmatizing features of diabetes
Authors: Abdoli Samereh , Doosti Irani Mehri , Hardy Lynda R. , Funnell Martha 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThis manuscript aims to describe stigmatizing features of diabetes.DesignThis article presents a narrative review of literature pertaining to stigma surrounding diabetes in different contexts.MethodsA literature search was conducted in CINAHL, PubMed and Web of Science for qualitative studies published between 2007–2017. The search was completed using various combinations of diabetes, T1DM, T2DM, stigma, social/public stigma, internalized/self‐stigma, stigmatization and diabetes‐related stigma in English. The reviewers then independently reviewed the eligible studies (N = 18) to extract data.ResultsFrom the 18 studies included in this narrative review, seven features related to stigma in diabetes were identified. People with diabetes were most notably considered and stigmatized as being “sick,” “death reminder,” “rejected marriage candidate,” “self‐inflicting,” “contagiousness,” “requiring a dietary modification” and “drunk or drug abuser.”
Habit‐tic cough: Presentation and outcome with simple reassurance
Authors: Wright Marie F. A. , Balfour‐Lynn Ian M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesOur therapeutic approach to a habit/tic cough is simple reassurance in a single consultation. To quality assure our practice, we followed up children to determine outcomes at least 3 months after diagnosis.DesignConsecutive children diagnosed over 6 years were studied. Medical records were analyzed retrospectively and parents answered a scripted verbal survey.ResultsFifty‐five patients were diagnosed (median age 9.9 years), with a median cough duration of 3 months (IQR 2‐7.5 months, range up to 3 years). In 51/55 (93%) cases, cough was absent during sleep. 51/55 (93%) received prior medications with median 3 therapeutic trials, none of which resolved the cough. Follow‐up was possible in 39/55 (71%) children after a median duration of 1.9 years. In 32/39 (82%), the cough had resolved completely (59% within 4 weeks, including 12% on the day), and it improved in 6/39 (15%). In the 26/39 (67%) parents who said they believed the diagnosis, there was 96% resolution of the cough, versus the 13/39 (33%) who were sceptical or disbelieving, when there was only 54% resolution. 7/39 (18%) children were later diagnosed with a tic disorder, functional symptoms, or a behavioural/psychiatric disorder.ConclusionsHabit cough can be diagnosed from the characteristic history; the crucial question is whether the cough disappears during sleep. We have shown successful long term outcomes following a single consultation with simple reassurance, but it is important that the child and parents believe the explanation. It is not uncommon for subsequent tic disorders or behavioral issues to emerge.
Global prevalence of exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction in childhood: A meta‐analysis
Authors: de Aguiar Karine B. , Anzolin Marina , Zhang Linjie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to estimate the global prevalence of exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in children and adolescents.MethodWe searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Virtual Health Library‐BIREME from inception to December 23, 2017. We selected observational studies that reported the prevalence of EIB (diagnosed by exercise challenge test) in children and adolescents aged 5‐18 years. We conducted random‐effects meta‐analyses to estimate the pooled prevalence of EIB and 95% CI.ResultsWe included 66 studies (55 696 participants, 5670 cases of EIB) in the review, of which 33 in general population of children and adolescents, 10 in child and adolescent athletes and 23 in children and adolescents with asthma. The global mean prevalence of EIB in the general population of children and adolescents was 9% (IC95%: 8‐10%), with a higher rate (12%) in Asia‐Pacific and America. The mean prevalence of EIB was 15% (95% CI: 9‐21%) in child and adolescent athletes, and 46% (95% CI: 39‐53%) in children and adolescents with asthma. We estimated that, globally, around 16.5 million (95% CI: 15‐18 million) children and adolescents up to 18 years of age may have EIB.ConclusionEIB in childhood should be considered as a global public health problem that needs more attention. The substantial heterogeneity between studies highlights the need for evidence‐based guidelines for diagnosis of EIB in this age group.
Yeasts of the soil – obscure but precious
Authors: Yurkov Andrey M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPioneering studies performed in the nineteenth century demonstrated that yeasts are present in below‐ground sources. Soils were regarded more as a reservoir for yeasts that reside in habitats above it. Later studies showed that yeast communities in soils are taxonomically diverse and different from those above‐ground. Soil yeasts possess extraordinary adaptations that allow them to survive in a wide range of environmental conditions. A few species are promising sources of yeast oils and have been used in agriculture as potential antagonists of soil‐borne plant pathogens or as plant growth promoters. Yeasts have been studied mainly in managed soils such as vineyards, orchards and agricultural fields, and to a lesser extent under forests and grasslands. Our knowledge of soil yeasts is further biased towards temperate and boreal forests, whereas data from Africa, the Americas and Asia are scarce. Although soil yeast communities are often species‐poor in a single sample, they are more diverse on the biotope level. Soil yeasts display pronounced endemism along with a surprisingly high proportion of currently unidentified species. However, like other soil inhabitants, yeasts are threatened by habitat alterations owing to anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, deforestation and urbanization. In view of the rapid decline of many natural habitats, the study of soil yeasts in undisturbed or low‐managed biotopes is extremely valuable. The purpose of this review is to encourage researchers, both biologists and soil scientists, to include soil yeasts in future studies.
A mild case of molybdenum cofactor deficiency defines an alternative route of MOCS1 protein maturation
Authors: Mayr Simon Julius , Sass Jörn Oliver , Vry Julia , Kirschner Janbernd , Mader Irina , Hövener Jan‐Bernd , Reiss Jochen , Santamaria‐Araujo José Angel , Schwarz Günter , Grünert Sarah Catharina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMolybdenum cofactor deficiency is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism, which results from mutations in genes involved in Moco biosynthesis. Moco serves as a cofactor of several enzymes, including sulfite oxidase. MoCD is clinically characterized by intractable seizures and severe, rapidly progressing neurodegeneration leading to death in early childhood in the majority of known cases. Here we report a patient with an unusual late disease onset and mild phenotype, characterized by a lack of seizures, normal early development, a decline triggered by febrile illness and a subsequent dystonic movement disorder. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous c.1338delG MOCS1 mutation causing a frameshift (p.S442fs) with a premature termination of the MOCS1AB translation product at position 477 lacking the entire MOCS1B domain. Surprisingly, urine analysis detected trace amounts (1% of control) of the Moco degradation product urothione, suggesting a residual Moco synthesis in the patient, which was consistent with the mild clinical presentation. Therefore, we performed bioinformatic analysis of the patient's mutated MOCS1 transcript and found a potential Kozak‐sequence downstream of the mutation site providing the possibility of an independent expression of a MOCS1B protein. Following the expression of the patient's MOCS1 cDNA in HEK293 cells we detected two proteins: a truncated MOCS1AB protein and a 22.4 kDa protein representing MOCS1B. Functional studies of both proteins confirmed activity of MOCS1B, but not of the truncated MOCS1AB. This finding demonstrates an unusual mechanism of translation re‐initiation in the MOCS1 transcript, which results in trace amounts of functional MOCS1B protein being sufficient to partially protect the patient from the most severe symptoms of MoCD.
The impact of parity on life course blood pressure trajectories: the HUNT study in Norway
Authors: Haug Eirin B. , Horn Julie , Markovitz Amanda Rose , Fraser Abigail , Macdonald-Wallis Corrie , Tilling Kate , Romundstad Pål Richard , Rich-Edwards Janet Wilson , Åsvold Bjørn Olav 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe drop in blood pressure during pregnancy may persist postpartum, but the impact of pregnancy on blood pressure across the life course is not known. In this study we examined blood pressure trajectories for women in the years preceding and following pregnancy and compared life course trajectories of blood pressure for parous and nulliparous women. We linked information on all women who participated in the population-based, longitudinal HUNT Study, Norway with pregnancy information from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. A total of 23,438 women were included with up to 3 blood pressure measurements per woman. Blood pressure trajectories were compared using a mixed effects linear spline model. Before first pregnancy, women who later gave birth had similar mean blood pressure to women who never gave birth. Women who delivered experienced a drop after their first birth of − 3.32 mmHg (95% CI, − 3.93, − 2.71) and − 1.98 mmHg (95% CI, − 2.43, − 1.53) in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Subsequent pregnancies were associated with smaller reductions. These pregnancy-related reductions in blood pressure led to persistent differences in mean blood pressure, and at age 50, parous women still had lower systolic (− 1.93 mmHg; 95% CI, − 3.33, − 0.53) and diastolic (− 1.36 mmHg; 95% CI, − 2.26, − 0.46) blood pressure compared to nulliparous women. The findings suggest that the first pregnancy and, to a lesser extent, successive pregnancies are associated with lasting and clinically relevant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Inequality and fiscal policies in Uruguay by race
Authors: Bucheli Marisa , Rossi Maximo , Amábile Florencia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the effect of fiscal policy by race, disaggregating to consider Uruguayans with primarily European, African and indigenous ancestry. We perform an incidence analysis, an estimation of the effect of fiscal policy on the poverty exit rate and an assessment of the impact on the average ethno-racial gaps. The findings support the idea that fiscal policy reduces (but does not eliminate) ethnic gaps. This result is led by health care and educational transfers, and to a lesser degree by direct transfers. We do not consider quality issues with public services, which may affect the estimated narrowing of gaps. Finally, we find that Afro-descendants and indigenous individuals do not capture the full potential of education transfers because of their high drop-out rate.
Genetic Counseling in the Era of Genomics: What's all the Fuss about?
Authors: Brett Gemma R , Wilkins Ella J , Creed Emma T , West Kirsty , Jarmolowicz Anna , Valente Giulia M , Prawer Yael , Lynch Elly , Macciocca Ivan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAs genomic sequencing becomes more widely available in clinical settings for diagnostic purposes, a number of genetic counseling issues are gaining precedence. The ability to manage these issues will be paramount as genetic and non‐genetic healthcare professionals navigate the complexities of using genomic technologies to facilitate diagnosis and inform patient management. Counseling issues arising when counseling for diagnostic genomic sequencing were identified by four genetic counselors with 10 years of collective experience providing genetic counseling in this setting. These issues were discussed and refined at a meeting of genetic counselors working in clinical genomics settings in Melbourne, Australia. Emerging counseling issues, or variations of established counseling issues, were identified from the issues raised. Illustrative cases were selected where pre‐ and post‐test genetic counseling was provided in clinical settings to individuals who received singleton or trio WES with targeted analysis. Counseling issues discussed in this paper include a reappraisal of how genetic counselors manage hope in the genomic era, informed consent for secondary use of genomic data, clinical reanalysis of genomic data, unexpected or unsolicited secondary findings, and trio sequencing. The authors seek to contribute to the evolving understanding of genetic counseling for diagnostic genomic sequencing through considering the applicability of existing genetic counseling competencies to managing emerging counseling issues and discussing genetic counseling practice implications.
Twin Pregnancy in Bicornuate Uterus–One Fetus in Each Horn
Authors: Ilyas Mohd , Dar Mohammad Saleem , Rafiq Suhail , Khan Insha 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA 32-year old primigravida female of approximately 20 weeks gestation by her last menstrual period (spontaneous conception) was referred for anomaly scan. The ultrasonography revealed two uterine horns separated by thick (12 mm) uterine tissue with a fetus (average Gestational age 22 weeks each) in each horn.
Recognizability for sequences of morphisms
Authors: BERTHÉ VALÉRIE , STEINER WOLFGANG , THUSWALDNER JÖRG M. , YASSAWI REEM 
Published: January 2018

We investigate different notions of recognizability for a free monoid morphism
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}:{\mathcal{A}}^{\ast }\rightarrow {\mathcal{B}}^{\ast }$
. Full recognizability occurs when each (aperiodic) point in
${\mathcal{B}}^{\mathbb{Z}}$
admits at most one tiling with words
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}(a)$
,
$a\in {\mathcal{A}}$
. This is stronger than the classical notion of recognizability of a substitution
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}:{\mathcal{A}}^{\ast }\rightarrow {\mathcal{A}}^{\ast }$
, where the tiling must be compatible with the language of the substitution. We show that if
$|{\mathcal{A}}|=2$
, or if
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$
’s incidence matrix has rank
$|{\mathcal{A}}|$
, or if
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$
is permutative, then
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$
is fully recognizable. Next we investigate the classical notion of recognizability and improve earlier results of Mossé [Puissances de mots et reconnaissabilité des points fixes d’une substitution. Theoret. Comput. Sci.
99(2) (1992), 327–334] and Bezuglyi et al [Aperiodic substitution systems and their Bratteli diagrams. Ergod. Th. &amp; Dynam. Sys.
29(1) (2009), 37–72], by showing that any substitution is recognizable for aperiodic points in its substitutive shift. Finally we define recognizability and also eventual recognizability for sequences of morphisms which define an
$S$
-adic shift. We prove that a sequence of morphisms on alphabets of bounded size, such that compositions of consecutive morphisms are growing on all letters, is eventually recognizable for aperiodic points. We provide examples of eventually recognizable, but not recognizable, sequences of morphisms, and sequences of morphisms which are not eventually recognizable. As an application, for a recognizable sequence of morphisms, we obtain an almost everywhere bijective correspondence between the
$S$
-adic shift it generates, and the measurable Bratteli–Vershik dynamical system that it defines.
Test flattening in the larger foraminifer Heterostegina depressa: predicting bathymetry from axial sections
Authors: Eder Wolfgang , Hohenegger Johann , Briguglio Antonino 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrevious attempts to quantify the test-flattening trend in Heterostegina depressa with water depth have been rather unsuccessful. Due to its broad depth distribution, H. depressa is a perfect model species to calibrate test flattening as a bathymetric signal for fossil assemblages. This might enable us to better reconstruct paleoenvironments of fossil communities of larger foraminifera or even provide clues to the degree of transport in allochthonous deposits. In this study, we used growth-independent functions to describe the change of test thickness throughout ontogeny. Four growth-invariant characters, deriving from these functions, clearly quantify a transition of individuals with thicker to thinner central parts along the water-depth gradient. This transition is probably controlled by light intensity, because the photosymbionts of H. depressa (diatoms) are most effective at low irradiation levels. Thus, specimens at shallower depths grow thicker to reduce light penetration, whereas specimens living deeper than the light optimum increase their surface by flattening to obtain better exposure to light.
Presentation of automated procedural guidance in surgical simulation: results of two randomised controlled trials
Authors: Wijewickrema S , Zhou Y , Ioannou I , Copson B , Piromchai P , Yu C , Briggs R , Bailey J , Kennedy G , O'Leary S 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjective:To investigate the effectiveness and usability of automated procedural guidance during virtual temporal bone surgery.Methods:Two randomised controlled trials were performed to evaluate the effectiveness, for medical students, of two presentation modalities of automated real-time procedural guidance in virtual reality simulation: full and step-by-step visual presentation of drillable areas. Presentation modality effectiveness was determined through a comparison of participants’ dissection quality, evaluated by a blinded otologist, using a validated assessment scale.Results:While the provision of automated guidance on procedure improved performance (full presentation, p = 0.03; step-by-step presentation, p < 0.001), usage of the two different presentation modalities was vastly different (full presentation, 3.73 per cent; step-by-step presentation, 60.40 per cent).Conclusion:Automated procedural guidance in virtual temporal bone surgery is effective in improving trainee performance. Step-by-step presentation of procedural guidance was engaging, and therefore more likely to be used by the participants.