bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental Pathologic Features in Fetomaternal Hemorrhage Detected By Flow Cytometry
Authors: Lewis Natasha E , Marszalek Laura , Ernst Linda M 
Published: July 2017

Background Fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is a poorly understood entity that can have significant clinical effects. Flow cytometry is a reliable and relatively new method for FMH diagnosis. The objective of this study was to correlate placental pathology with FMH detected by flow cytometry. Methods All patients with available placentas and FMH flow cytometric testing performed from 2009 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Cases were defined as ≥0.10% fetal red blood cells (RBCs) in the maternal circulation while controls contained <0.10%. Placental findings associated with FMH were determined. Results In this study, 35 cases and 79 controls were identified. Villous dysmaturity/immaturity was significantly more prevalent among the cases compared to the controls. Placentas with villous edema and nucleated RBCs (nRBCs) in fetal vessels were associated with greater mean volumes of fetal blood in the maternal circulation. Fetal and maternal vascular pathology was more frequent in the controls. When the cases were stratified into mild (<30 mL), moderate (30 mL–100 mL), and severe (>100 mL) FMH, nRBCs, villous dysmaturity/immaturity, and villous edema were all positively correlated with increasing FMH severity. The cases were more likely than the controls to display ≥2 of these 3 features. Fetal nRBCs within fetal vessels were semi-quantified and moderate to severe numbers of nRBCs were associated with higher mean volumes of fetal blood in maternal circulation. Conclusions Villous dysmaturity/immaturity, villous edema, and nRBCs in fetal vessels, findings compatible with fetal anemia, in addition to relatively few chronic placental changes, are the most significant placental findings in FMH detected by flow cytometry.
Case in focus — failure to diagnose Kawasaki disease
Authors: Ellis Peter , Rhodes-Kemp Rosamund 
Published: July 2017

General damages: £38,000; 10 May 2006; Total Award: £85,000 Failure to consider Kawasaki disease as a diagnosis and offer treatment within 10 days of the onset of the illness leading to the development of coronary artery aneurysms at age 5. Free of symptoms at date of settlement. Future restrictions on activities and likelihood of low-grade psychological problems as a teenager. Settlement provisional upon the following conditions not occurring within the next 30 years: coronary artery stenosis requiring medical or surgical investigation or treatment; myocardial infarction; cardiac dysrhythmia requiring medical or surgical investigation or treatment; ruptured coronary artery aneurysm.
Sauna-Bathing with Sutures. A Prospective and Randomised Study
Authors: Papp A. A. , Alhava E. M. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Aims: Bathing in sauna is a Finnish habit with numerous beliefs and traditions. One belief has been that one is not allowed to go to sauna postoperatively with sutures. This belief is in practically every patient information sheet in Finland on postoperative wound care. There is no scientific proof of the harmfulness of sauna-bathing with sutures and no articles on the matter, either. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sauna-bathing has a negative impact on wound healing. Materials and Methods: Prospective, randomised study with 79 patients scheduled for an elective hernioplasty in a day care surgical department. The other group was advised to go to sauna from 3rd postoperative day on, and for the other group, sauna was prohibited until sutures were removed. Results: There was no differences in wound healing between two groups. Conclusion: There is no reason to prohibit sauna-bathing with sutures in this patient group.
Craniofacial Surgery over 30 Years in Göteborg
Authors: Lauritzen C. , Tarnow P. 
Published: July 2017

Craniofacial surgery is a new sub-specialty in the field of plastic reconstructive surgery and is dedicated to the treatment of severe cranial and facial malformations. Craniofacial surgery gradually started in Göteborg in the late 1970's and has been acting as the Scandinavian center since 1983. Over these 30 years an almost complete change in surgical techniques has evolved. Also profound changes in timing of surgery have followed. Results have been dramatically improved based on critical evaluation of standardized registration of long-term results. One of the most dramatic developments has been the introduction of implantable stainless steel springs. This has changed the treatment of Craniosynostosis completely and has made midfacial advancement procedures possible without relapse.
Liposuction in Arm Lymphedema Treatment
Authors: Brorson H. 
Published: July 2017

Breast cancer is the most common disease in women, and up to 38 % develop lymphedema of the arm following mastectomy, standard axillary node dissection and postoperative irradiation. Limb reductions have been reported utilizing various conservative therapies such as manual lymph and pressure therapy. Some patients with long-standing pronounced lymphedema do not respond to these conservative treatments because slow or absent lymph flow causes the formation of excess subcutaneous adipose tissue. Previous surgical regimes utilizing bridging procedures, total excision with skin grafting or reduction plasty seldom achieved acceptable cosmetic and functional results. Microsurgical reconstruction involving lympho-venous shunts or transplantation of lymph vessels has also been investigated. Although attractive in concept, the common failure of microsurgery to provide complete reduction is due to the persistence of newly formed subcutaneous adipose tissue, which is not removed in patients with chronic non-pitting lymphedema. Liposuction removes the hypertrophied adipose tissue and is a prerequisite to achieve complete reduction. The new equilibrium is maintained through constant (24-hour) use of compression garments postoperatively. Long-term follow up (7 years) does not show any recurrence of the edema.
Convalescence after Colonic Resection with Fast-Track versus Conventional Care
Authors: Jakobsen D. Hjort , Sonne E. , Basse L. , Bisgaard T. , Kehlet H. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Multi-modal rehabilitation programmes may improve early postoperative body composition, pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and reduce hospital stay. So far, no data are available on convalescence after discharge. Aim: The objectives where to compare convalescence data (fatigue, sleep, time to resume normal activities, and functional capabilities) and need for nursing care and contact to general practitioner with fast-track multi-modal rehabilitation compared with conventional care after colonic surgery. Methods: Non-randomised, prospective controlled study in 30 consecutive patients undergoing fast-track rehabilitation with continuous epidural analgesia, enforced oral nutrition, mobilisation, planned early discharge, and 30 consecutive patients undergoing conventional care. Patients were interviewed preoperatively and 14 and 30 days postoperatively. Results: Median hospital stay was 2 vs. 8 days in the fast-track vs. conventional care group, respectively (p < 0.01). Fourteen days postoperatively, total and mid-day sleep were increased in the conventional care group when compared with the fast-track group (p < 0.01). Fatigue was increased significantly at 14 days (p < 0.05) and throughout the study period compared with the fast-track group (p < 0.01). Similarly, ability to walking stairs, cooking, house keeping, shopping and walking outdoor was significantly less reduced at 14 days in the fast-track group, who also regained leisure activities earlier (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups at 30 days or between need for nursing care and visits to general practitioners. Readmission for surgery-related events occurred more frequently (5 vs 1 patient) in the fast-track group. Conclusion: Fast-track rehabilitation with early discharge after colonic surgery results in earlier resumption of normal activities with reduced fatigue and need for sleep postoperatively compared to conventional care, and without increased need for nursing care or visits to general practitioners. However, readmissions may occur more frequently.
Acute Pancreatitis in Bergen, Norway
Authors: Gislason H. , Horn A. , Hoem D. , Andrén-Sandberg Å. , Imsland A. K. , Søreide O. , Viste A. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Studies on the incidence and etiology of acute pancreatitis show large regional differences. This study was performed to establish incidence, etiology and severity of acute pancreatitis in the population of Bergen, Norway. Methods: A study of all patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to Haukeland University Hospital over a 10-year period was performed. Information was obtained about the number of patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to the Deaconess Hospital in Bergen. Results: A total of 978 admissions of acute pancreatitis were recorded in these two hospitals giving an incidence of 30.6 per 100 000. Haukeland University Hospital had 757 admissions of acute pancreatitis in 487 patients. Pancreatitis was severe in 20 % (96/ 487) of patients, more often in males (25 %) than in females (14 %). Mortality due to acute pancreatitis was 3 % (16/487). Gallstones were found to be an etiological factor in 48.5 % and alcohol consumption in 19 % of patients. The risk of recurrent pancreatitis was 47 % in alcohol induced and 17 % in gallstone induced pancreatitis. The last five years of the study period, endoscopic sphincterotomy of patients with gallstone pancreatitis, resulted in drop in relapse rate from 33 % to 1.6 %. Conclusion: The incidence of acute pancreatitis was found to be 30.6 per 100 000 with 48.5 % associated with gallstones and 17 % alcohol induced. Incidence of first attack was 20/100 000. Pancreatitis was classified as severe in 20 % of cases with a mortality of 3 %.
Equal Results with Laparoscopic and Shouldice Repairs of Primary Inguinal Hernia in Men. Report from a Prospective Randomised Study
Authors: Wennström I. , Berggren P. , Åkerud L. , Järhult J. 
Published: July 2017

Aim: To compare the laparoscopic and Shouldice techniques for repair of inguinal hernia. Material: 261 healthy men over 50 years with primary, unilateral inguinal hernia were randomly allocated to laparoscopic (total extraperitoneal approach, TEP) treatment (n = 131) or to a modified Shouldice technique (n = 130). Results: Apart from a longer operative time in the laparoscopic group, there were no significant differences between the two methods with regard to perioperative complications, hospital stay, recurrencies or pain in the groin. Conclusions: Results following the total extraperitoneal laparoscopic and the Shouldice technique do not differ significantly 2 years after hernia repair.
Dome down Laparosonic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Rosenberg J. , Leinskold T. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Aims: In cases of cholecystitis or other difficult situations conversion to laparotomy may be necessary. Furthermore, some cases of bile duct injury may be caused by anatomical variations and/or injuries caused by electrocautery. A new laparoscopic technique using a fundus-first technique with ultrasonic dissection (“dome down laparosonic cholecystectomy”) may potentially solve these problems. Material and Methods: Twenty non-selected and consecutive patients with gallstone disease had laparoscopic cholecystectomy by the laparosonic dome down technique. Effect parameters were operative findings, duration of surgery and clinical course. Results: Six patients had fibrotic chronic cholecystitis and one had acute cholecystitis. Three patients had intraoperative cholangiography because of elevated liver enzymes. All operations were completed by the intended laparosonic dome down technique. Median duration of surgery in the 20 patients was 35 minutes (range 20–60). Median duration of surgery in the first 5 patients was 55 minutes (35–60), and in the last 15 patients it was 30 minutes (20–50). All patients had uneventful clinical courses with median hospital stay of 0 days (0–1). Conclusions: The technique was easy to learn and this new operative technique seems promising especially in cases of inflammation or fibrosis.
Severe Secondary Peritonitis following Gastrointestinal Tract Perforation
Authors: Mulari K. , Leppäniemi A. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Aims: Early prognostic evaluation of abdominal sepsis is useful in the assessment of the severity of the disease and to select high-risk patients for early surgical reintervention. The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors in a well-defined patient population most likely to benefit from early reoperation. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 66 consecutive patients with secondary peritonitis caused by gastrointestinal tract perforation and requiring postoperative treatment in an intensive care unit was performed using univariate and multivariate analysis to identify risk factors for hospital mortality. Results: The overall hospital mortality rate was 36 %. Significant risk factors in the univariate analysis included advanced age (p = 0.000), pre-existing illness (p = 0.000), chronic medication (p = 0.028), hospital transfer (p = 0.036), non-traumatic cause of perforation (p = 0.031), high Mannheim peritonitis index (MPI) score (p = 0.001), and high C-reactive protein (CRP) level in the early postoperative phase (p = 0.015). In a multivariate analysis, only advanced age (odds ratio 1.1008, p = 0.000) and high postoperative CRP level (odds ratio 1.0095, p = 0.008) were identified as independent prognostic factors for hospital mortality. Conclusion: In addition to factors associated with the physiological reserve of the patient, type of peritonitis and high MPI score, elevated CRP levels in the early postoperative phase in patients operated for severe secondary peritonitis have prognostic significance. However, before a properly designed randomized study on the value of planned relaparotomy in secondary peritonitis can be initiated, more reliable methods to identify high-risk patients need to be found.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism. Update on Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation and Surgical Treatment
Authors: Farnebo L.-O. 
Published: July 2017

The most important step in calcium homeostasis is the regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. The discovery and characterization of the calcium sensing receptor (CaR) of the parathyroid cell has led to a better understanding not only of the physiology of the parathyroid glands, but also of the development of hyperparathyroidism. Drugs acting on CaR can now be designed to treat hyperparathyroidism and osteoporosis. The workshop on primary hyperparathyroidism held at the National Institutes of Health in 2002 has recommended new guidelines for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism. Controversy still exists regarding the treatment of patients with non-classical symptoms, such as weakness, fatigue and depression. Primary hyperparathyroidism as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality is also debated. Improved techniques for the preoperative localization of pathological parathyroid glands have led to a shift in surgical strategy: surgeons abandon the traditional bilateral neck exploration in favor of a more limited approach. This change of strategy has not been based on the results of prospective randomized studies and the long term results are not known.
The Many Faces of Coating and Laminating — Is There a Better Way?
Authors: Pasquale John A. 
Published: July 2017

Coating and Laminating offer a wide variety of methods by which one can process textile and film webs for various end uses. Choosing the best method is often dictated by the materials to be processed, the coating, the required properties of the finished product, and the cost-effectiveness of manufacture. A best system is ultimately the one that gives you the product you want, manufactured by the most economical method. To better determine a best way, one must know the various coating and laminating methods and understand the key principles of their operation. This presentation reviews those methods and gives some of their special features. Coating is usually divided into three (3) major categories, namely, knife, roll, and speciality coating. Within each of these categories are variations that should allow a manufacturer to select the best method by which to achieve the end product. Lamination can be either an adjunct to the coating process, or a separate process combining already existing webs. In the former, a laminate web can be bonded to a coated substrate as part of the coating process. In the latter, separate webs are combined either by using an adhesive or through thermal bonding. It is hoped that the following information will familiarize you with the various methods of coating and laminating and assist you in making the best choice.
A Decision Model for Cognitive Task Allocation
Authors: Papantonopoulos Sotiris A. , Salvendy Gavriel 
Published: July 2017

Cognitive task allocation employs task analysis to identify the performance and operational requirements of task functions; and demand/resource matching to match the identified requirements and the human and computer resources available for implementation. The current methodologies of cognitive task allocation are either too aggregate to provide adequate resolution of performance requirements or domain-specific and thus of limited applicability. The paper introduces a formal, quantitative, and domain-independent model of cognitive task allocation aimed at reducing the limitations inherent in the currently practiced methodologies. Demand/resource matching is modeled as an Analytic Hierarchy Process. The Analytic Hierarchy Process of Demand/Resource Matching is defined as a mapping process along a four-level Analytic Hierarchy. By means of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, a task function (Level 1 of the Analytic Hierarchy) is analyzed into its cognitive processes (Level 2); performance criteria are set for each cognitive process (Level 3) by means of which the capacities of the human, computer, or interactive human/computer controller (Level 4) are evaluated and compared. The Analytic Hierarchy Process then integrates judgements of human and computer abilities and limitations into a weighted average indicating the relative capacity of human and computer to perform this function. This assessment of relative merit of performance can hence be integrated with work design, economic, and other contextual factors towards the final allocation design. The Analytic Hierarchy Process was applied and evaluated in the design of task allocation in production planing and control of a flexible manufacturing system by comparing the allocation designs of two groups of subjects. One group was supported by the decision model, the other received no decision support. The observed differences between the two groups indicated that the decision model can effectively support detailed task analysis and an adequate resolution of performance requirements; the identification of the design, trade-offs between human allocation and automation; and provide the computational resources to reduce decision bias.
A Comparison of Route Guidance Destination Entry Methods
Authors: Paelke Gretchen M. 
Published: July 2017

This paper examined four touchscreen methods for entering a destination into a route guidance system. Three of the interfaces were character entry-based including: 1) A method using a sequence of two buttons for each alphanumeric entry (referred to as Doublepress), 2) A Qwerty keypad layout, and 3) A phone-based keypad where letters were entered using their corresponding number key. The fourth interface provided an alphabetic list through which a user scrolled to select a city or street name. Sixteen subjects used each of the interfaces to enter destinations in a laboratory study while “parked” and while driving a simulator. The entry methods were evaluated based on entry time, driving performance, errors, preferences and perceived difficulty. Overall address entry times were fastest for the Phonepad (43 seconds) and Qwerty (45 seconds) methods followed by the Scrolling list (56 seconds) and Doublepress (75 seconds) methods. Entry time was significantly affected by driver age. Driving performance (deviation of lane position) was significantly worse when entering a destination as compared to baseline driving. Participants rated the difficulty of destination entry only slightly higher than that of conventional driving tasks. There was no evident preference for a particular entry method.
Issues in Heavy Vehicles
Authors: Bowers-Carnahan F. Renae , Kinghorn Rhonda , Bittner Alvah , Reynolds Syd , Feyer Anne-Marie , Williamson Ann M. , Freund Deborah M. 
Published: July 2017

The heavy vehicle industry includes medium-duty trucks, heavy-duty trucks, and buses. Vehicle size, driver location relative to the road, and duration of time in the vehicle distinguish heavy vehicles from the passenger car and light truck industry. During the past decade, the industry has been changing. Technological advances, as well as political, economic, and cultural forces, have combined to create a new environment. The driver has become more important in this new environment. A driver shortage and safety issues have heightened the interest in human factors and ergonomics in the heavy vehicle industry. The purpose of this symposium is to highlight some of the current human factors research in the field of heavy vehicles. While there are many possible topics to discuss, the first two papers will address vehicle design issues and the second two papers will address operational issues. Ms. Kinghorn will discuss a technique to estimate the current population of US Truck Drivers. She proposes that some of the shortcomings of the available data, such as changes in the population over the last decade and dimensions for which no data are available, can be overcome by estimating the current truck driver population from data on the general population. Mr. Reynolds will discuss the discrepancies observed between a design eyellipse location and actual driver eye locations in a small exploratory study. He will describe the primary contributor to the discrepancy, the H-point, and suggest several other potential contributors. Ms. Feyer will discuss a study on the effects of operational practices on driver fatigue. She will compare and contrast the operational practices of various segments of the long distance passenger and freight hauling industries. Her results indicate that different strategies must be applied to the passenger and freight industries to combat fatigue, even though the causes of fatigue are the same. Ms. Freund is from the US Federal Highway Administration's Office of Motor Carriers. She will discuss their plans for research concerning truck and bus driver operational regulation. Specific areas that are of interest include proficiency testing, fitness for duty, and substance abuse. She will elaborate on the program, addressing driver fatigue and loss of alertness.
The “Human Element” in Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety
Authors: Freund Deborah M. 
Published: July 2017

Highway freight and passenger transportation are vital contributors to national economic health and productivity. Although there has been considerable research into the design and operation of the highway system and the vehicles that use it, there has been relatively little concentrated research concerning the truck and bus driver – the human element responsible for moving the freight and passengers safely. The Federal Highway Administration's Office of Motor Carriers has developed a comprehensive multi-year plan to address the issues of driver proficiency, medical qualifications, and fitness for duty. The core of this plan will be a series of high-quality and scientifically sound research projects. The results of these projects will form the basis for regulatory changes that will be more technically defensible, better reflect the realities of the operating environments, and, to the extent possible, be based on performance standards.