bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact triple‐band ground radiation antenna using two inner rectangular loops enclosed by two outer loops
Authors: Qu L. , Zhang R. , Lee H. , Kim H. 
Published: February 2016

A triple‐band ground radiation antenna is proposed that can cover the 1575 MHz global positioning system (GPS) band and the 2.45 and 5.5 GHz WLAN bands, within a 6 × 9 mm ground clearance. The proposed triple‐band antenna is comprised of two inner rectangular loops, each enclosed by a larger outer loop. Each band can be adjusted for impedance matching by means of respective matching circuits. The −10 dB return loss bandwidths were simulated to be 17, 130 and 1000 MHz. Measurements indicated that sufficient bandwidth and good radiation performance were also achieved.
Ku‐band pre‐matched broadband GaN power amplifier with over 30 W power
Authors: Yuan Ye , Fan Yong , Chen Zhe , Yang Ziqiang , Lin Haodong 
Published: February 2016

A Ku‐band pre‐matched broadband gallium nitride (GaN) power amplifier is proposed. Compared to conventional internally matched power amplifier, this high‐power amplifier (HPA) can provide broadband and high‐power gain. Measurement results show that the HPA has >20 dB power gain in the frequency range of 13.5–17 GHz. The maximum saturated output power (Psat) of 46 dBm and power added efficiency (PAE) of 42% are achieved at 15.5 GHz.
Compact microstrip wideband bandpass filter with high selectivity
Authors: Huang Feng , Wang Jianpeng , Li Jialin , Wu Wen 
Published: February 2016

A new microstrip wideband bandpass filter with compact size and high selectivity is presented. Originated from conventional two‐stage parallel coupled‐line prototype, modified parallel coupled‐line structure is proposed to obtain high selectivity with inherent transmission zeros nearby the passband. Centring at 2.5 GHz, the realised wideband filter exhibits a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 54.4% with finite transmission zeros. Furthermore, the filter features with nice in‐band performance, and sharp out‐of‐band rejection. Experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated results.
Structure and design optimisation of compact UWB slot antenna
Authors: Bekasiewicz A. , Koziel S. 
Published: February 2016

A structure and computationally efficient design optimisation procedure of a novel miniaturised UWB slot antenna has been proposed. Upon geometry parameter adjustment, the structure exhibits a very small footprint of just 161 mm2. This has been achieved by introducing sufficient number of degrees of freedom, including the parameterised multi‐section slot and a multi‐section load of the feed line as well as efficient numerical optimisation of all relevant geometry dimensions of the structure. The design process has been formulated as explicit size reduction problem. The electrical performance parameters (here, a maximum in‐band reflection) are controlled by suitably defined constraints. The final design has been verified through full‐wave electromagnetic simulation as well as physical measurements of the fabricated antenna prototype.
Optical phase‐locking of two longitudinal modes of a dual‐mode laser for millimetre‐wave signal generation
Authors: Hyodo M. , Sato K. , Kawakami A. , Saito S. , Watanabe M. , Adachi M. 
Published: February 2016

Phase‐locking of two longitudinal oscillating modes of a dual‐mode microchip laser that has 101 GHz longitudinal‐mode spacing has been successfully demonstrated by using electronic negative‐feedback control. Since the two longitudinal modes were oscillating simultaneously in the same laser cavity, the common‐mode fluctuation cancels, resulted in the small required control bandwidth of ∼4 kHz. This narrow‐bandwidth phase‐locking technique is useful for generating high‐spectral‐purity millimetre‐wave signals with a considerably simpler setup.
Overdispersion in the Estimation of Salmon Escapements by Mark–Recapture Surveys and Its Related Factors
Authors: Miyakoshi Yasuyuki , Kitada Shuichi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Petersen method, a well‐known mark–recapture method, is frequently used in the estimation of escapement of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. Robust estimates and associated variances can be obtained when the underlying assumptions of this method are met. However, in field surveys, it is often difficult to meet these assumptions because wild animals are often not randomly distributed. When the sampling variance of the estimator exceeds its binomial variance (resulting in overdispersion), the Petersen model underestimates variance. We assessed the occurrence of overdispersion in the mark–recapture data collected to estimate the escapements of Masu Salmon Oncorhynchus masou in a river in northern Japan in 1998 and 1999. The dispersion parameters estimated from 2‐year data were 2.89 and 2.51 for males and 1.45 and 1.52 for females, indicating that overdispersion occurred in all cases. The magnitude of overdispersion for males exceeded that for females, probably related to differences in the postspawning behaviors of the sexes, as represented by the changes of the sex ratio of Masu Salmon recovered on the spawning grounds. In this paper, we propose a simple procedure to detect the occurrence of overdispersion in multiple‐recovery mark–recapture data.Received February 8, 2015; accepted November 3, 2015
Juvenile Lake Sturgeon Go To School: Life‐Skills Training for Hatchery Fish
Authors: Sloychuk Janelle R. , Chivers Douglas P. , Ferrari Maud C. O. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHatchery supplementation of declining fish populations is commonly employed to try to increase year‐class strength. However, the success of such programs is often hampered from low postrelease survival as a result of the failure of hatchery fish to appropriately recognize predation threats. Not surprisingly, there has been considerable effort to train prey to recognize predators prior to release. The objective of our current work was to characterize the antipredator response of hatchery‐reared, predator‐naive young‐of‐the‐year Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens (an endangered species) to alarm cues from injured conspecifics and test whether these alarm cues could be used to train sturgeon to recognize unknown predators. We found that skin‐derived alarm cues elicited an antipredator response without learning and that learning required cues coming from whole‐body grinds, presumably because they represent a much more reliable indicator of risk. When the experiment was repeated with older sturgeon from Wolf River (Wisconsin), training with cues from whole‐body grinds did not enhance the response. Subjecting the fish to several training sessions (six over 3 d) led to some alteration in behavior. Our results provide insights into how ontogenetic changes (size, scute growth) could explain the different learning outcomes from the larger fish as related to hatcheries and conservation programs.Received June 24, 2015; accepted November 17, 2015
Distribution of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Based on Surveillance Programs in Freshwater Trout Farms of Mexico
Authors: Ortega César , Valladares Benjamín , Arguedas Donald , Vega Fernando , Montes de Oca Roberto , Murray Alexander G 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Diagnostic testing was performed between 2000 and 2012 to determine the distribution of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in the main states of the Mexican Republic with freshwater Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) farms. This virus was positively identified from Rainbow Trout farms in seven of the eight states assessed. Due to nonnormal data distribution, a logistic regression model was applied for statistical analysis, the results of which indicated that virus prevalence was variable between states, with moderate but significant differences. Regarding the time periods evaluated, IPNV prevalence was higher during the first years of the study. The susceptible, infected, removed model was used to examine this phenomenon, which indicated that the decreased prevalence during the latter years of the study could be associated with a real elimination of the infection. The information of the cases analyzed also suggests a relationship with the irregularity in the submission of samples to the laboratory and emphasizes other factors that have contributed to the transmission of IPNV throughout the country.
Received November 10, 2014; accepted December 5, 2015.
Learning affordances of language and communication national curricula
Authors: Scott David 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the learning affordances of different language and communication curricula in the world. For reasons of space, only two national education systems (Finland and Singapore) and their language and communication curricula are referred to. The accounts of national education systems consist of the identification of mechanisms operating in real‐life contexts. A curriculum is a set of ideas, which is then subsequently transformed into an arrangement of teaching and learning practices. These transformations constitute marked changes in the form, nature or appearance of the curriculum between different time points; and they can be expressed as a series of stages, such as exploration and development, re‐contextualisation, implementation, re‐implementation and institutionalisation. What this also implies is that school curricula round the world are different in content, form, relations between their different parts, intended effects, prescriptive capacity and internal coherence. If we take one issue, that of language and communication standards, we can see that there are different models and we can conjecture that they will have different effects.
Alpha-CENTAURI: assessing novel centromeric repeat sequence variation with long read sequencing
Authors: Sevim Volkan , Bashir Ali , Chin Chen-Shan , Miga Karen H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Motivation: Long arrays of near-identical tandem repeats are a common feature of centromeric and subtelomeric regions in complex genomes. These sequences present a source of repeat structure diversity that is commonly ignored by standard genomic tools. Unlike reads shorter than the underlying repeat structure that rely on indirect inference methods, e.g. assembly, long reads allow direct inference of satellite higher order repeat structure. To automate characterization of local centromeric tandem repeat sequence variation we have designed Alpha-CENTAURI (ALPHA satellite CENTromeric AUtomated Repeat Identification), that takes advantage of Pacific Bioscience long-reads from whole-genome sequencing datasets. By operating on reads prior to assembly, our approach provides a more comprehensive set of repeat-structure variants and is not impacted by rearrangements or sequence underrepresentation due to misassembly.
Results: We demonstrate the utility of Alpha-CENTAURI in characterizing repeat structure for alpha satellite containing reads in the hydatidiform mole (CHM1, haploid-like) genome. The pipeline is designed to report local repeat organization summaries for each read, thereby monitoring rearrangements in repeat units, shifts in repeat orientation and sites of array transition into non-satellite DNA, typically defined by transposable element insertion. We validate the method by showing consistency with existing centromere high order repeat references. Alpha-CENTAURI can, in principle, run on any sequence data, offering a method to generate a sequence repeat resolution that could be readily performed using consensus sequences available for other satellite families in genomes without high-quality reference assemblies.
Availability and implementation: Documentation and source code for Alpha-CENTAURI are freely available at http://github.com/volkansevim/alpha-CENTAURI.
Contact: ali.bashir@mssm.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Applying organized scepticism to ocean acidification research
Authors: Browman Howard I. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
“Ocean acidification” (OA), a change in seawater chemistry driven by increased uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the oceans, has probably been the most-studied single topic in marine science in recent times. The majority of the literature on OA report negative effects of CO2 on organisms and conclude that OA will be detrimental to marine ecosystems. As is true across all of science, studies that report no effect of OA are typically more difficult to publish. Further, the mechanisms underlying the biological and ecological effects of OA have received little attention in most organismal groups, and some of the key mechanisms (e.g. calcification) are still incompletely understood. For these reasons, the ICES Journal of Marine Science solicited contributions to this special issue. In this introduction, I present a brief overview of the history of research on OA, call for a heightened level of organized (academic) scepticism to be applied to the body of work on OA, and briefly present the 44 contributions that appear in this theme issue. OA research has clearly matured, and is continuing to do so. We hope that our readership will find that, when taken together, the articles that appear herein do indeed move us “Towards a broader perspective on ocean acidification research”.
Acute Thoracic Vascular Syndromes
Authors: Hayim Morris , Marone Louis A. , Lo Hao S. , Abujudeh Hani H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Acute thoracic vascular syndromes are life-threatening. Systemic arterial injuries include intramural hematoma, aortic dissection, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, and acute aortic traumatic injuries. Pulmonary arterial injuries include bland thrombotic and septic emboli. CT angiography is the modality of choice for diagnosis. In aortic dissection, CTA can clearly differentiate the true and false lumen and demonstrate any extension into the major aortic branch vessels, and other complications including pericardial effusion/tamponade and end-organ ischemia within the kidneys. In intramural hematomas, CT angiography is preferred. A high index of suspicion is crucial. Any abnormality seen on chest radiography should prompt CT angiography for further characterization. Accompanying history is very helpful in clinching the diagnosis.
Pleural Collections and Emergencies
Authors: Shin Heeseop , Marone Louis , Abujudeh Hani H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This chapter provides information on different types of pleural collections in the emergency setting. These include pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax, chylothorax, and empyema. Normal anatomy and physiology of the pleural space are important to understanding the development of pathology. Clinical information such as presenting symptoms, physical examination and laboratory findings, and intervention are discussed. Pertinent imaging findings, pitfalls, and differential diagnoses for each pleural collection are presented. Complications related to disease progression and/or management include tension pneumothorax, re-expansion pulmonary edema, and bronchopleural fistula.
Right Lower Quadrant Emergencies
Authors: Shenoy-Bhangle Anuradha , Gill Harman Singh , Baliyan Vinit , Abujudeh Hani H. , Kambadakone Avinash 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Acute appendicitis is a major cause of right lower quadrant pain not only in the pediatric but also in the adult population. A close mimic in young adults is terminal ileitis of which, early presentation of Crohn disease is a common culprit. Although ultrasound is a good screening tool, computed tomography (CT) has gained popularity, especially when obese patient body habitus limits optimal evaluation. CT is also useful in accurate diagnosis of non-surgical conditions such as omental infarction or epiploic appendagitis that can mimic acute appendicitis. Typhilitis is largely a clinical diagnosis commonly presenting in an immunocompromised patient, and CT is a good imaging tool to further confirm this diagnosis or exclude other differentials of right lower quadrant pain. The following chapter (15) focuses on key imaging features of common conditions presenting as right lower quadrant pain in adults.
Epigastric Pain
Authors: Shenoy-Bhangle Anuradha , Baliyan Vinit , Abujudeh Hani H. , Kambadakone Avinash 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Acute epigastric pain in adults can be the result of a variety of causes, ranging from reflux esophagitis to gastric and pancreatic carcinoma. Imaging plays a crucial role in the early evaluation and management of patients presenting with acute epigastric pain. In this chapter, we review the commonly encountered causes for epigastric pain and discuss their imaging characteristics.
Penile Emergencies
Authors: Uyeda Jennifer W. , Harisinghani Mukesh 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Penile emergencies are rare and are usually secondary to vascular pathologies such as priapism and venous thrombosis, or penetrating or blunt trauma. Clinical history plays a large role in diagnosis of penile pathologies. Imaging is used for diagnostic confirmation and for characterization and assessment of penile trauma.
Trauma of the Lower Urinary Tract
Authors: Cruz-Romero Cinthia 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Isolated traumatic ureteral injury must be considered in the differential diagnosis of blunt trauma. It is most commonly seen in the setting of underlying hidroureter caused by obstructive calculus. Diagnosis is established on computer tomography. The most common associated fracture to ureteral injury is pelvic fracture. The ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) is the most common site of disruption. A non-contrast acquisition before contrast must be performed. Periureteral collection, hematoma, and stranding may or may not be present, hence delayed excretory images should be acquired, and the complete ureter must be visualized. The differentiation of avulsion from complete ureteral tear is crucial. Found abnormalities should be correlated with clinical history and/or variants, such as presence of calculi, known duplications, and recent surgical procedures.
Emergencies of the Knee and Lower Leg, Part 1
Authors: Moy Matthew P. , Huang Ambrose J. , Abujudeh Hani H. , Chang Connie Y. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The knee is the largest joint in the human body and is a major weight-bearing joint of the lower extremity. It consists of the articulations of the femur, tibia, and patella and accompanying supporting soft tissue structures. The knee is particularly susceptible to trauma, given its location and role in ambulation. Knee trauma has been estimated as the chief complaint of over 650,000 emergency department visits in the United States annually.
Emergencies of the Knee and Lower Leg, Part 2
Authors: Moy Matthew P. , Huang Ambrose J. , Abujudeh Hani H. , Chang Connie Y. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The knee is the largest joint in the human body and is a major weight-bearing joint of the lower extremity. It consists of the articulations of the femur, tibia, and patella and accompanying supporting soft tissue structures. The knee is particularly susceptible to trauma given its location and role in ambulation. Knee trauma has been estimated as the chief complaint of over 650,000 emergency department visits in the United States annually. The clinical features are discussed in greater detail in the “Knee and Lower Leg Part 1” chapter. Soft-tissue injuries often result in a sensation of popping, joint clicking or catching, decreased range of motion, and joint instability. Joint effusion is common.
Visceral Venous Thrombosis Imaging and Intervention
Authors: Karcich Jenika , Patel Dhruv , Nicola Refky , Contractor Sohail 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Visceral venous thrombosis is thrombosis of the visceral veins and includes thrombosis of the splenic, hepatic, portal, mesenteric, renal, and ovarian veins, among others. Thrombosis can be either acute or chronic and have variable clinical presentations. The pathophysiology, often distinct in each case, often includes hypercoagulable states. Due to the often ambiguous clinical presentation, imaging plays crucial role in the diagnosis of visceral thrombosis, with ultrasound often the first line of imaging study. Treatment options vary from anticoagulation alone to percutaneous endovascular and surgical interventions depending on site, acuteness, and etiology of the thrombosis. In this chapter, we discuss clinical features, anatomy, pathophysiology, approach to imaging studies, imaging differential, and crucial management considerations for Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), portal venous thrombosis, and renal and ovarian vein thrombosis.
Emergent Transplant Evaluation
Authors: Mirzan S. Hamad , Mansouri Mohammad , Abujudeh Hani H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Transplantation is often performed for organ failure and is occasionally encountered for emergency evaluation. According to data published by United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), out of 24,383 transplants reported to Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) in 2014, there were 14,151 kidney, 5,527 liver, and 792 pancreas transplants. Familiarity with their normal findings and potential complications is imperative, as management is often urgent or emergent, based on the imaging findings.
Aortic Graft Complication
Authors: Shaqdan Khalid , Aran Shima , Abujudeh Hani H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
While endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an effective, less invasive alternative to open surgical AAA repair, potential complications can occur both during and after the EVAR procedure. These complications can be life-threatening, prompting immediate and correct (radiological) diagnosis. Subsequent interventional or surgical treatment may be required, given that these complications can result in severe morbidity or even mortality. Endoleaks are the most common complications seen after EVAR, with incidence rates ranging from 30-40% of patients intraoperatively, and in 20-40% during followup. There are five types of endoleaks, and classification of a specific endoleak then implies a relatively low or high short-term risk of rupture and determines the necessity of intervention.
Brain Death Scintigraphy
Authors: Wang Yingbing , Abujudeh Hani H. , Oza Umesh 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Brain death is defined as the irreversible loss of function of cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. It is a clinical diagnosis based on clinical observations of coma, absent reflexes, and apnea. The diagnosis of brain death has important legal and clinical implications, as brain death means that life support is futile, and the diagnosis is the principal prerequisite for the donation of organs for transplantation.
Postoperative Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy
Authors: Wang Yingbing , Abujudeh Hani H. , Oza Umesh 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Biliary injury and bile leak are the most common postoperative complications following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Perihepatic fluid collections detected by ultrasound or CT are common after surgery or trauma; the type and origin of the fluid can be difficult to distinguish without invasive sampling, however. Hepatobiliary imaging is a noninvasive method for confirming a bile leak, facilitating early treatment.
Surgical Treatment of Melanoma
Authors: Doepker Matthew P. , Sarnaik Amod A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The surgical treatment of localized melanoma has been based on several randomized, prospective clinical trials. Proper margins of excision has undergone very little change over the last decade and are accepted by the NCCN and WHO as standard of care margins for the treatment of primary melanoma . This chapter reviews the treatment options for the resection of primary melanomas, breaking down the sections into the treatment of thin, intermediate, and thick melanomas and discussing some of the controversies associated with the treatment of thin and thick primary melanomas. Evidence and support for the use of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy will be discussed as well.