bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensamblaje de anfibios presentes en un bosque seco y en sistemas productivos, Valle Medio del Magdalena, Victoria y La Dorada, Caldas, Colombia
Authors: Burbano Yandi Carlos E. , Gómez Díaz Mónica A. , Gómez Figueroa Andrés , Velásquez Trujillo David A. , Bolivar García Wilmar 
Published: June 2017

Dado el alto estado de amenaza del ecosistema de Bosque Seco Tropical (BsT), se hace necesario adquirir información sobre la biota que allí se encuentra, esto sin dejar de lado lo importante que es conocer qué se mantiene en las áreas con sistemas productivos. El objetivo fue evaluar la diversidad de anfibios en tres áreas: un relicto de bosque seco, un sistema silvopastoril y una zona de extracción minera. Se instalaron un total de 72 trayectos que fueron recorridos en el día y la noche utilizando la técnica de relevamiento por encuentro visual (VES). Los muestreos abarcaron la época de lluvia y sequia, se registraron 29 especies de anfibios, pertenecientes a 10 familias y dos ordenes. La mayor concentración de la fauna anfibia se reportó en áreas con presencia de bosque y en sistemas con ganadería silvopastoril, disminuyendo en las zonas donde la cobertura boscosa se ha perdido por efecto de la minería a cielo abierto. Esta riqueza representa aproximadamente el 73% de las especies reportadas para las tierras del Valle del Magdalena, lo cual le otorga a esta área un valor importante para la conservación de especies del bosque seco tropical, además de brindar un enfoque estratégico a partir del entendimiento de los patrones de diversidad de estas especies en sistemas productivos, demostrando que la importancia de conservar bosques primarios o de regeneración tardía radica en que estos son hábitats exclusivos para muchas especies de organismos, en especial los anfibios que presentan requerimientos específicos de su hábitat.
Apremilast for Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Case Series
Authors: Hadi Ali , Lebwohl Mark 
Published: June 2017

Importance: Lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia are characterized by scarring alopecia associated with pruritus, inflammation, and pain of affected areas. There is a paucity of data on treatment options for these disorders. The available management options are associated with significant adverse effects and poor efficacy.Objective: To explore apremilast as a treatment option for refractory lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopeciaDesign: This is a retrospective case series analyzing the outcomes of four patients with refractory lichen planopilaris or frontal fibrosing alopecia treated with apremilast.Setting: The patients were seen in the faculty practice of an academic institution in New York City.Participants: Four female patients with biopsy confirmed lichen planopilaris or frontal fibrosing alopecia refractory to currently used treatmentsObservations: We report a case series of four patients with lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia who had failed multiple previous treatments, including intralesional steroids, anti-malarials, oral anti-inflammatory agents, minocycline, acitretin, mycophenolate mofetil, and laser treatment who responded to apremilast. While two of these patients discontinued the drug due to adverse effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort, clinical improvement was seen in every patient.Conclusions: To date, this is the first report of the use of apremilast for lichen planopilaris or frontal fibrosing alopecia, indicating its possible use in patients refractory to other treatments.
Online appendix 2: A new checklist of lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa
Authors: Fryday Alan M. 
Published: June 2017

Background: The last comprehensive list of lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa was published in 1950. A checklist is important to provide basic information on the extent of the diversity, and to provide the most recent name and classification.Objective: To present a list of all the lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa.Methods: The list presented is entirely literature based and no attempt has been made to check the report of any taxa or their status by checking the specimens upon which they are based. Firstly, all taxa that were not reported from within the modern boundaries of South Africa were excluded. Next, the Recent literature on lichens database was searched for literature on South African lichens since 1945 and all references checked for new species or new reports, which were then added to the list. These names were then checked against Index Fungorum to ensure that the most current name was being used. Finally, the list was rationalised by excluding all synonyms and dubious infraspecific taxa.Results: The current list includes 1750 taxa in 260 genera from mainland South Africa, with an additional 100 species and 23 genera from the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands, which are treated separately. The replacement name Verrucaria dagolavii Fryday is proposed for Verrucaria umbilicata Øvstedal.Conclusion: It is estimated that, when fully explored, the lichen biota of South Africa will consist of somewhere between 2500 and 3000 taxa.
Políticas de Inovação: um estudo comparativo entre Brasil e França
Authors: Jones Graciela Dias Coelho , Basso Leonardo Fernando Cruz 
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study is to present a comparison between the main actions promoted to encourage innovation by France, as well as the current stage of research and development initiatives (RD), in relation to Brazil. Is a qualitative study that the procedures for its development ranks as literature and documents. The data collection technique was documentary and had as a data source primary and secondary documents, coming from public archives and statistical sources. For the survey of brazilian data for the development of this study, it was used as informational basis the fifth edition of the Innovation Research (PINTEC 2011). The data from France raised through the use of OECD year Report 2014 " Reviews of Innovation Policy France in 2014." For the presentation of the study results comparative charts and tables were used. As the present study results can be highlighted, among others: France is a country with a long scientific tradition and technique, and plays a significant role in the world in this area. On the other hand, Brazil has one of the lowest proportions of RD and export of high technology to GDP. The completion of this study brought an important diagnosis: there is a wide and interesting research topic that is still little explored by Brazilian researchers.
Clémence-Auguste Royerová a vznik sociálního darwinismu
Authors: Budil Ivo 
Published: June 2017

Úloha, kterou sehrála Clémence-Auguste Royerová, první překladatelka Darwinova díla O původu druhů do francouzštiny, při zrodu sociálního darwinismu, bude kriticky posouzena v širším historickém a intelektuálním kontextu pozdního Druhého císařství a francouzské Třetí republiky. Clémence-Auguste Royerová, která byla přehlížena nebo marginalizována v klasických přehledech raného vývoje darwinismu ve druhé polovině devatenáctého století, významně přispěla ke vzniku moderní francouzské antropologické komunity a k veřejným debatám o genderu a rase na úsvitu moderní francouzské politické kultury. Její kontroverzní výklad darwinismu předznamenal vzestup rasových a eugenických radikálních a extremistických hnutí po první světové válce.
Problémy a aspekty pojmu maska: Pokus o definici a vymezení
Authors: Erban Vít 
Published: June 2017

V odborné literatuře je věnována malá pozornost problému, co je vlastně maska a jak ji definovat a vymezit. Proto se tento pojem používá nejednotně a nejednoznačně. Pokud však není shoda v tom, co lze, nebo naopak nelze pokládat za masku a pokud tato otázka není ani problematizována, snaha dobrat se obecných závěrů o původu, významu a funkcích masky je obtížná. Především ve studiích zaměřených komparativně, které se pokouší uchopit masku v mezioborovém, multižánrovém nebo mezikulturním kontextu, je třeba vycházet z určité ustálené terminologie. Cílem této stati je nabídnout co možná nejpřesnější vymezení masky, které by zahrnovalo všechny její funkčně-významové typy. Masky svým zakotvením v relativitě, paradoxu a ambivalenci nemohou mít zcela pevný a jasně definovatelný status, proto předložená definice nabízí pouze určité faktory, které je třeba vzít v úvahu, neumožňuje však stanovit jasné hranice a pevné kategorie. Svým pracovním účelem chce především podnítit diskuzi.
Rozměry citací v právu a anotační konvence
Authors: Harašta Jakub , Míšek Jakub , Hanych Monika , Loutocký Pavel , Malaník Michal , Šavelka Jaromír , Štěpáníková Markéta , Myška Matěj 
Published: June 2017

V tomto diskusním příspěvku autorský kolektiv představuje vytvořenou anotační konvenci určenou pro manuální a v budoucnu automatickou anotaci soudních rozhodnutí. Finálním cílem je provedení komplexní citační analýzy rozhodovací praxe Ústavního soudu, Nejvyššího soudu a Nejvyššího správního soudu. Tímto textem navazujeme na předcházející text zabývající se možností citační analýzy za využití dostupných právních informačních systémů. Kromě představení anotační konvence se věnujeme i smyslu její existence, kterým má být budoucí automatická extrakce citací ze soudních rozhodnutí. V širší rovině by měl tento text přispět ke kultivaci citační kultury a pomoci pochopit úlohu, kterou odkazy hrají v rozhodovací praxi.
Complete Proceedings - Single PDF Download
Authors: Johnson J. W. 
Published: June 2017

The Conference on Coastal Engineering at Long Beach was conceived originally as a local meeting of engineers and scientists interested in shoreline problems and was sponsored by the University of California. It early became evident that there was widespread interest in the subject and that the program should be planned on a more ambitious scale. The aim was to aid engineers by summarizing the present state of the art and science related to the design and planning of coastal works rather than to present a series of original scientific contributions. Starting from a rather comprehensive outline, invitations were issued to recognized authorities to report on specific phases of the subject, and the authors cooperated splendidly both in their treatment of the subjects assigned and in their avoidance of overlapping other subjects. Although much remains to be done in the way of developing reliable design methods, the series of papers presented at the conference and published in this volume do represent a rather thorough summary of coastal engineering as now practiced.
Engineers engaged in the design of coastal works have had available to them a large number of papers dealing with various phases of the science related to their problems, but proper dealing with design were limited in number and scope. Only a few books on coastal engineering have been published. The quality and scope of the papers and the need for a comprehensive and modern treatment of the subject convinced the sponsors of the conference that publication in a single volume was desirable rather than piecemeal in the scientific and technical journals. The newly-formed Council on Wave Research secured funds to underwrite the publication costs from its parent organization, the Engineering Foundation.
A word about the term "Coastal Engineering" is perhaps in order here. It is not a new or separate branch of engineering and there is no implication intended that a new breed of engineer, and a new society, is in the making. Coastal Engineering is primarily a branch of Civil Engineering which leans heavily on the sciences of oceanography, meteorology, fluid mechanics, electronics, structural mechanics, and others. However, it is also true that the design of coastal works does involve many criteria which are foreign to other phases of civil engineering and the novices in this field should proceed with caution. Along the coastlines of the world, numerous engineering works in various stages of disintegration testify to the futility and wastefulness of disregarding the tremendous destructive forces of the sea. Far worse than the destruction of insubstantial coastal works has been the damage to adjacent shorelines caused by structures planned in ignorance of, and occasionally in disregard of, the shoreline processes operative in the area.
The Council on Wave Research takes this opportunity to thank the authors of the papers and the many others who assisted in organization of the conference and in the preparation of this volume for publication.
THE THEORY OF THE REFRACTION OF A SHORT CRESTED GAUSSIAN SEA SURFACE WITH APPLICATION TO THE NORTHERN NEW JERSEY COAST
Authors: Pierson, Jr. Willard J. , Tuttell John J. , Woolley John A. 
Published: June 2017

The Thorndike Barnhart Dictionary (1951) defines a wave as a "moving ridge or swell of water." Almost everyone will agree to this definition. Milne-Thompson (1938) in Theoretical Hydrodynamics begins Chapter Fourteen on waves with the two paragraphs quoted in full below:
"14.10 Wave motion. A wave motion of a liquid acted upon by gravity and having a free surface is a motion in which the elevation of the free surface above some chosen fixed horizontal plane varies with time.
Taking the axis of x to be horizontal and the axis of z to be vertically upwards, a motion in which the vertical section of the free surface at time t is of the form z = a sin(mx - nt) (1), where a, m, n are constants, is called a simple harmonic progressive wave."
LONG-TERM SHORELINE CHANGES ON MARGINAL COAST OF TIDAL FLAT IN TOKYO BAY AND RAPID DEFORMATION OF SAND BARS OWING TO TSUNAMI
Authors: Mikami Yasumitsu 
Published: June 2017

Long-term shoreline changes on the marginal coast of the Banzu tidal flat in Tokyo Bay were investigated using
aerial photographs. In the area immediately north of the Obitsu River mouth, the beach was eroded owing to the
decrease in sand supply from the river, resulting in the exposure of a layer composed of cohesive material in the
previous tidal flat, and sand was transported northward to form a sand spit at the mouth of the north tributary. In
2011, the giant tsunami generated by the Great East Japan Earthquake propagated deep into Tokyo Bay, and sand
bars were pushed landward by 7 m parallel to the shoreline owing to the tsunami overflow.
A PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR SCOUR DEPTH OF COASTAL BUILDING FAILURES DUE TO TSUNAMIS
Authors: Nicholas Mara Jauane , Jayaratne Ravindra , Suzuki Takayuki , Shibayama Tomoya 
Published: June 2017

The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami was one of the strongest earthquakes which generated a major tsunami in
modern history. The tsunami disaster had an estimated cost of 16.9 trillion yen (US$ 217.3 billion) and affected the Coastal
buildings, services, infrastructure and industrial sectors. Approximately 61% of damaged cost was from the building sector. A
practical predictive scour depth model at seaward face was developed to highlight the scour failure of Coastal buildings in Miyagi,
Fukushima and Iwate prefectures affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. The predictive model for
representative scour depth was developed in terms of various hydraulic, geometrical and soil properties affecting Coastal buildings.
An analysis was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of the authorsâ€™ predictive scour model against the existing models. The
results of the authorsâ€™ proposed model suggested that the tsunami velocity played a significant role on tsunami-induced scour, other
scour models such as Tonkin et al.â€™s model (2003) is reliant on the accuracy of sub models and hydrodynamic forces while the
Colorado State University model as modified by Nadal et al. (2010) is reliant on the geometric parameter of the structure.
ON NON-SATURATED BREAKERS AND THE WAVE RUN-UP
Authors: Le Mehaute Bernard 
Published: June 2017

Some theoretical results pertaining to the physical behavior of gravity waves on a sloped plane are presented. The notion of "saturated" breakers and "non-saturated" breakers which follow the breaking index curve is introduced. Criteria for different kinds of breaking and successive breaking of waves are presented. Some considerations on the wave run-up are deduced.
Then a critical analysis of the method of characteristics is presented, with some possible refinements. Path curvature effect is taken into account and the problem of waves climbing on a dry bed is solved. Criteria for determining saturated and non-saturated breakers and the wave run-up by the method of characteristics are proposed.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Remote C‐8 Alkylation of Quinolines with Activated and Unactivated Olefins: Mechanistic Study and Total Synthesis of EP4 Agonist
Authors: Sharma Ritika , Kumar Inder , Kumar Rakesh , Sharma Upendra 
Published: June 2017

AbstractReported herein is a rhodium(III)‐catalyzed regioselective distal C(sp2)‐H bond alkylation of quinoline N‐oxides using olefins as alkyl source and N‐oxide as the traceless directing group. The reaction exhibits broad substrate scope with excellent selectivity for C‐8 position and good yields of alkylated products. The usefulness of the developed catalytic protocol is established by synthesis of EP4 agonist. In mechanistic study, C‐8 olefinated quinoline was identified as the reaction intermediate, which gets reduced to desired C‐8 alkylated product in the presence of a rhodium(I) species (produced from rhodium(III) during reaction) and formic acid. Formic acid is produced from dimethylformamide in the presence of silver tetrafluoroborate.magnified image
Industry relationships are associated with performing a greater number of sinus balloon dilation procedures
Authors: Eloy Jean Anderson , Svider Peter F. , Bobian Michael , Harvey Richard J. , Gray Stacey T. , Baredes Soly , Folbe Adam J. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundIndustry outreach promotes awareness of novel technologies. However, concerns have been raised that such relationships may also unduly impact medical decision‐making. Our objective in this study was to evaluate industry relationships among practitioners who frequently employ balloon dilation (BD), characterizing whether there is any association between financial relationships and BD utilization.MethodsProvider utilization data (FY‐2014) was accessed for individuals billing BD procedures to Medicare, the largest healthcare payor in the United States. The names of individuals included in these data sets were cross‐referenced with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payment site to determine the extent of industry relationships during this same year. Individuals included in this analysis were organized by those with “significant” ($1,000 to $10,000) and “major” (> $10,000) industry relationships. Practice setting, training, and experience were also evaluated.ResultsOf the 302 otolaryngologists who billed enough BDs for inclusion in this data set, 99.3% were in private practice, 89.7% were board‐certified, 8.3% had facial plastic and reconstructive fellowship training, and 1.3% had rhinology fellowship training. There was a significant increase in BDs performed with increasing BD company financial contributions (analysis of variance, p = 0.0003). Individuals without “significant” relationships with BD companies billed fewer BDs than those with at least “significant” (>$1,000) relationships (57.0 ± 4.3 vs 87.7 ± 10.0, p = 0.001).ConclusionThere is an association between receiving money from industry and the frequency with which otolaryngologists employ BD. Although our analysis demonstrates an association, these results in no way imply causation. Further analysis exploring the reasons for this association may be necessary.
A Phase III Study Evaluating Continuation, Tapering, and Withdrawal of Certolizumab Pegol After One Year of Therapy in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Weinblatt Michael E. , Bingham Clifton O. , Burmester Gerd‐Rüdiger , Bykerk Vivian P. , Furst Daniel E. , Mariette Xavier , van der Heijde Désirée , van Vollenhoven Ronald , VanLunen Brenda , Ecoffet Cécile , Cioffi Christopher , Emery Paul 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveIn disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug–naive patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had achieved sustained low disease activity (a Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate of ≤3.2 at both week 40 and week 52) after 1 year of treatment with certolizumab pegol (CZP) at a standard dose (200 mg every 2 weeks plus optimized methotrexate [MTX]), we evaluated whether continuation of CZP treatment at a standard dose or at a reduced frequency (200 mg every 4 weeks plus MTX) was superior to stopping CZP (placebo plus MTX) in maintaining low disease activity for 1 additional year.MethodsA total of 293 patients from period 1 of our study were re‐randomized 2:3:2 in period 2 to CZP at a standard dose (n = 84), CZP at a reduced frequency (n = 127), or placebo plus MTX (CZP stopped) (n = 82). The primary end point was the percentage of patients who maintained low disease activity throughout weeks 52–104 without flares. We used a hierarchical testing scheme, comparing CZP at a standard dose with CZP stopped. If P < 0.05 was achieved, then CZP at a reduced frequency was compared with CZP stopped (nonresponder imputation).ResultsThe 293 patients from period 1 represented 36% fewer patients than projected, yielding a smaller number of patients eligible for period 2. Higher proportions of patients treated with the standard and reduced frequency regimens maintained low disease activity than those who had stopped CZP (48.8% and 53.2%, respectively, versus 39.2% [P = 0.112 and P = 0.041, respectively; nominal P value, first hierarchical test not significant]). Similar trends were observed for radiographic nonprogression (change from baseline of ≤0.5 in modified Sharp/van der Heijde score; 79.2% and 77.9% of patients, respectively, versus 70.3%) and normative physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index score of ≤0.5; 71.4% and 70.6% of patients, respectively, versus 57.0%). Safety profiles were similar between all groups, with no new safety signals identified for continuing CZP to week 104. No deaths were reported.ConclusionThe study failed to meet its primary end point. However, there were no clinically meaningful differences between the standard and reduced frequency doses of CZP plus MTX; both controlled RA more effectively than stopping CZP.