bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential proteins and possible therapeutic targets of Wolbachia endosymbiont and development of FiloBase-a comprehensive drug target database for Lymphatic filariasis
Authors: Sharma Om Prakash , Kumar Muthuvel Suresh 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLymphatic filariasis (Lf) is one of the oldest and most debilitating tropical diseases. Millions of people are suffering from this prevalent disease. It is estimated to infect over 120 million people in at least 80 nations of the world through the tropical and subtropical regions. More than one billion people are in danger of getting affected with this life-threatening disease. Several studies were suggested its emerging limitations and resistance towards the available drugs and therapeutic targets for Lf. Therefore, better medicine and drug targets are in demand. We took an initiative to identify the essential proteins ofWolbachiaendosymbiont ofBrugia malayi, which are indispensable for their survival and non-homologous to human host proteins. In this current study, we have used proteome subtractive approach to screen the possible therapeutic targets forwBm. In addition, numerous literatures were mined in the hunt for potential drug targets, drugs, epitopes, crystal structures and expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences for filarial causing nematodes. Data obtained from our study were presented in a user friendly database named FiloBase. We hope that information stored in this database may be used for further research and drug development process against filariasis. URL:http://filobase.bicpu.edu.in.
Acute fluoxetine exposure alters crab anxiety-like behaviour, but not aggressiveness
Authors: Hamilton Trevor James , Kwan Garfield T. , Gallup Joshua , Tresguerres Martin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAggression and responsiveness to noxious stimuli are adaptable traits that are ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom. Like vertebrate animals, some invertebrates have been shown to exhibit anxiety-like behaviour and altered levels of aggression that are modulated by the neurotransmitter serotonin. To investigate whether this influence of serotonin is conserved in crabs and whether these behaviours are sensitive to human antidepressant drugs; the striped shore crab, Pachygrapsus crassipes, was studied using anxiety (light/dark test) and aggression (mirror test) paradigms. Crabs were individually exposed to acute doses of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine (5 or 25 mg/L), commonly known as Prozac®, followed by behavioural testing. The high dose of fluoxetine significantly decreased anxiety-like behaviour but had no impact on mobility or aggression. These results suggest that anxiety-like behaviour is more sensitive to modulation of serotonin than is aggressiveness in the shore crab.
Development and Symbiosis Establishment in the Cnidarian Endosymbiosis Model Aiptasia sp.
Authors: Bucher Madeline , Wolfowicz Iliona , Voss Philipp A. , Hambleton Elizabeth A. , Guse Annika 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSymbiosis between photosynthetic algae and heterotrophic organisms is widespread. One prominent example of high ecological relevance is the endosymbiosis between dinoflagellate algae of the genus Symbiodinium and reef-building corals, which typically acquire symbionts anew each generation during larval stages. The tropical sea anemone Aiptasia sp. is a laboratory model system for this endosymbiosis and, similar to corals, produces non-symbiotic larvae that establish symbiosis by phagocytosing Symbiodinium from the environment into the endoderm. Here we generate the first overview of Aiptasia embryogenesis and larval development and establish in situ hybridization to analyze expression patterns of key early developmental regulators. Next, we quantify morphological changes in developing larvae and find a substantial enlargement of the gastric cavity over time. Symbiont acquisition starts soon after mouth formation and symbionts occupy a major portion of the host cell in which they reside. During the first 14 days of development, infection efficiency remains constant while in contrast, localization of phagocytosed symbionts changes, indicating that the occurrence of functional phagocytosing cells may be developmentally regulated. Taken together, here we provide the essential framework to further develop Aiptasia as a model system for the analysis of symbiosis establishment in cnidarian larvae at the molecular level.
Experimental evidence for drought induced alternative stable states of soil moisture
Authors: Robinson David. A. , Jones Scott B. , Lebron Inma , Reinsch Sabine , Domínguez María T. , Smith Andrew R. , Jones Davey L. , Marshall Miles R. , Emmett Bridget A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEcosystems may exhibit alternative stable states (ASS) in response to environmental change. Modelling and observational data broadly support the theory of ASS, however evidence from manipulation experiments supporting this theory is limited. Here, we provide long-term manipulation and observation data supporting the existence of drought induced alternative stable soil moisture states (irreversible soil wetting) in upland Atlantic heath, dominated by Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull. Manipulated repeated moderate summer drought and intense natural summer drought both lowered resilience resulting in shifts in soil moisture dynamics. The repeated moderate summer drought decreased winter soil moisture retention by ~10%. However, intense summer drought, superimposed on the experiment, that began in 2003 and peaked in 2005 caused an unexpected erosion of resilience and a shift to an ASS; both for the experimental drought manipulation and control plots, impairing the soil from rewetting in winter. Measurements outside plots, with vegetation removal, showed no evidence of moisture shifts. Further independent evidence supports our findings from historical soil moisture monitoring at a long-term upland hydrological observatory. The results herald the need for a new paradigm regarding our understanding of soil structure, hydraulics and climate interaction.
Mesenchymal stem cells maintain their defining stem cell characteristics after treatment with cisplatin
Authors: Nicolay Nils H. , Perez Ramon Lopez , Rühle Alexander , Trinh Thuy , Sisombath Sonevisay , Weber Klaus-Josef , Ho Anthony D. , Debus Jürgen , Saffrich Rainer , Huber Peter E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) aid the regeneration of tissues damaged by treatment with cisplatin. However, the effects of this cytotoxic drug on the stem cells have been largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that human bone marrow-derived MSCs are relatively resistant to cisplatin treatment and show resistance levels comparable to these of differentiated fibroblasts. Cisplatin did not affect cellular morphology, adhesion or induction of apoptosis in MSCs. The potential for differentiation was preserved after exposure to cisplatin and established MSC surface markers were observed to be stably expressed irrespective of cisplatin treatment. Cytoskeletal rearrangements and high expression levels of individual heat shock proteins were detected in MSCs and may be partly responsible for the observed cisplatin resistance. The cisplatin-resistant phenotype of human MSCs supports the concept of further investigating these stem cells as a potential treatment option for cisplatin-induced tissue damage.
Automatic and objective oral cancer diagnosis by Raman spectroscopic detection of keratin with multivariate curve resolution analysis
Authors: Chen Po-Hsiung , Shimada Rintaro , Yabumoto Sohshi , Okajima Hajime , Ando Masahiro , Chang Chiou-Tzu , Lee Li-Tzu , Wong Yong-Kie , Chiou Arthur , Hamaguchi Hiro-o 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe have developed an automatic and objective method for detecting human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues with Raman microspectroscopy. We measure 196 independent Raman spectra from 196 different points of one oral tissue sample and globally analyze these spectra using a Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) analysis. Discrimination of OSCC tissues is automatically and objectively made by spectral matching comparison of the MCR decomposed Raman spectra and the standard Raman spectrum of keratin, a well-established molecular marker of OSCC. We use a total of 24 tissue samples, 10 OSCC and 10 normal tissues from the same 10 patients, 3 OSCC and 1 normal tissues from different patients. Following the newly developed protocol presented here, we have been able to detect OSCC tissues with 77 to 92% sensitivity (depending on how to define positivity) and 100% specificity. The present approach lends itself to a reliable clinical diagnosis of OSCC substantiated by the “molecular fingerprint” of keratin.
Developmental trajectories of body mass index and emotional-behavioral functioning of underweight children: A longitudinal study
Authors: Cimino Silvia , Cerniglia Luca , Almenara Carlos A. , Jezek Stanislav , Erriu Michela , Tambelli Renata 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAlthough several studies have addressed developmental trajectories from childhood to adolescence of internalizing/externalizing problems, limited attention has been given to underweight children. Two groups were recruited for this study from a community sample: underweight (Ug, N = 80, 50% female) and normal weight (NWg, N = 80, 50% female) to examine the developmental trajectories of body mass index and emotional-behavioral functioning of underweight children from the age two years and their risk of eating disorder at early adolescence. The study was organized over four waves, each of three years. Pediatricians measured BMI, parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Eating Disorders Inventory-Referral Form (EDI-3-RF). Our results showed that children in the two groups recorded different BMI trajectories over time. In NWg, male and female subjects started from a higher BMI at T1 than their peers. In Ug, internalizing and externalizing problems in males and females remained higher than their peers at all points of assessment. Males and females in Ug scored higher than those in NWg on EDI-3-RF total score. Our results indicate a need for effective physical and psychological assessment of underweight children in community samples to prevent psychological difficulties and eating disorders in adolescence.
Biological activities of unique isoflavones prepared from Apios americana Medik
Authors: Kaneta Haruna , Koda Mina , Saito Shun , Imoto Masaya , Kawada Manabu , Yamazaki Yoko , Momose Isao , Shindo Kazuoshi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Four unique isoflavone aglycones (barpisoflavone A (1), 2′-hydroxygenistein (2), 5-methylgenistein (3), and gerontoisoflavone A (4)) whose structures were related to genistein were prepared from the tuber of Apios americana Medik. We examined the estrogen receptor and androgen receptor binding activities, estrogen agonistic activities, antioxidant activities, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of 1–4. The results obtained showed that 2 possessed potent and 1, 3, and 4 possessed moderate estrogen partial agonistic activities, 1 and 2 possessed moderate antioxidant activities, and 2 and 3 possessed moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.
Activation of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 by quercetin and its analogs
Authors: Nakamura Toshiyuki , Miyoshi Noriyuki , Ishii Takeshi , Nishikawa Miyu , Ikushiro Shinichi , Watanabe Tatsuo 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The agonistic activity of quercetin and its analogs towards the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) has been experimentally investigated. The human TRPA1 was expressed in HEK293T cells using a tetracycline-inducible system. The activation of TRPA1 was evaluated by a fluo-4 fluorescence assay based on calcium sensing. The results of a structure–activity relationship study led to the selection of six flavonoids, all of which activated the TRPA1 channel in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, the activation of TRPA1 by these flavonoid aglycones was completely inhibited by the co-treatment of the HEK293T cells with the TRPA1-specific antagonist, HC-030031. Several flavonoid glycosides and metabolites were also evaluated, but did not activate the TRPA1 except for methylated quercetin. On the other hand, TRPV1 (vanilloid receptor) did not respond to any of the flavonoids evaluated in this study. Therefore, these data suggest that the flavonoids would be promising ligands for the TRPA1.
Executive Summary: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Authors: Pappas Peter G. , Kauffman Carol A. , Andes David R. , Clancy Cornelius J. , Marr Kieren A. , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis , Reboli Annette C. , Schuster Mindy G. , Vazquez Jose A. , Walsh Thomas J. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Sobel Jack D. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
It is important to realize that guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. IDSA considers adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding their application to be made by the physician in the light of each patient's individual circumstances.
Cognitive Enhancers for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Curtiss Joshua , Carpenter Joseph , Kind Shelley , Hofmann Stefan G. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a generally effective treatment for anxiety disorders. However, there is still considerable room for further improvements. Traditional combination strategies with anxiolytic agents have typically yielded disappointing results. More recent studies point to promising novel combination strategies using cognitive enhancers, which are agents that augment the neural circuitry involved in learning during CBT. These agents include D-cycloserine, cortisol, catecholamines, yohimbine, oxytocin, modafinil, and nutrients and botanicals. D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist at the glycine recognition site of the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, has shown the most empirical support. Studies have shown that DCS can accelerate effective CBT when administered at the right dose and at the right time. There is also evidence to suggest that DCS can augment fear memory reconsolidation if fear levels remain high after the exposures. The essay concludes with recommendations for future research.
Crime Specialization
Authors: Deslauriers-Varin Nadine , Lussier Patrick , Tzoumakis Stacy 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCrime specialization is one of the most researched and often-debated criminal career parameters. To date, the concept of specialization has been approached mainly from a static viewpoint whereby crime specialization and criminal versatility have been conceptualized as two opposite end of a continuum. Emerging research based on longitudinal data, however, has led to the emergence of a dynamic-oriented perspective where specialization and versatility can occur during one’s career. In this essay, the evolution of the concept of crime specialization is highlighted along with associated theoretical, conceptual, methodological, and empirical issues stemming from this gradual change. Policy implications and directions for future research on the development of criminal careers are highlighted.
Images of Martyrdom among Tamils
Authors: Schalk Peter 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This article focuses on two main subjects: the contemporary Christian imagery of martyrdom among Tamil speakers and the nonreligious imagery of martyrdom within the Tiger Movement (TM), which together with the People’s Movement (PM) is also known as Liberation Tigers of Tamil Ealam (LTTE), under the leadership of Vēluppiḷḷai Pirapākaraṉ (1954–2009). His task was to dismantle Tamil concepts of martyrdom from their Caiva and Christian content and to create new concepts that altogether were nonreligious. The military section of the Tiger Movement was defeated in May 2009, but the political section continues and its nonreligious concepts of martyrdom are cultivated annually at Great Heroes’ Day on November 27. The Tamil Resistance Movement became a purely political movement and is now active in the diaspora, especially in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. In Īlam all reverence of martyrs of the Tiger Movement is strictly forbidden.
Spa market segmentation according to customer preference
Authors: Denizci Guillet Basak , Kucukusta Deniz 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to segment spa customers based on their preferences for a set of spa attributes. With the considerable growth rate of the spa market, it is vital for spa professionals to understand spa-goers’ preferences. However, academics and industry professionals have not devised a structured method by which to manage spa customers.

Design/methodology/approach
– A survey was conducted using a face-to-face survey with visitors to Hong Kong who had visited a spa. By applying conjoint and cluster analysis, customers could be categorized into distinct segments.

Findings
– Four customer segments were identified: spa enthusiasts, high spenders, value seekers and price-sensitive spa-goers. Spa enthusiasts were the largest segment among the four, followed by value seekers, price-sensitive spa-goers and high spenders.

Research limitations/implications
– Given the limited academic interest in the area, this study contributes to the literature by providing insights into spa-goers’ preferences and how those preferences can be used to segment spa-goers.

Practical implications
– Based on the different needs, preferences and socio-demographic characteristics of the four segments – spa enthusiasts, high spenders, value seekers and price-sensitive spa-goers – spa industry managers could customize their strategies and design different spa services and packages to meet the needs of the four segments.

Originality/value
– The combined use of conjoint and cluster analysis provides a new method of market segmentation in the spa industry. This study could help spa professionals to design customized spa products for the distinct segments, and thus retain and attract more spa visitors.
Application of the materials-by-design approach to armor-grade polymer-matrix composites for enhancement of ballistic-penetration resistance
Authors: Grujicic Mica , Ramaswami S , Snipes Jennifer , Avuthu Vasudeva , Yen Chian-Fong , Cheeseman Bryan 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– Fiber-reinforced armor-grade polymer-matrix composite materials with a superior penetration resistance are traditionally developed using legacy knowledge and trial-and-error empiricism. This approach is generally quite costly and time-consuming and, hence, new (faster and more economical) approaches are needed for the development of high-performance armor-grade composite materials. One of these new approaches is the so-called materials-by-design approach. Within this approach, extensive use is made of the computer-aided engineering (CAE) analyses and of the empirically/theoretically established functional relationships between an armor-grade composite-protected structure, the properties of the composite materials, material microstructure (as characterized at different length-scales) and the material/structure synthesis and fabrication processes. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– In the present work, a first step is made toward applying the materials-by-design approach to the development of the armor-grade composite materials and protective structures with superior ballistic-penetration resistance. Specifically, CAE analyses are utilized to establish functional relationships between the attributes/properties of the composite material and the penetration resistance of the associated protective structure, and to identify the combination of these properties which maximize the penetration resistance. In a follow-up paper, the materials-by-design approach will be extended to answer the questions such as what microstructural features the material must possess in order for the penetration resistance to be maximized and how such materials should be synthesized/processed.

Findings
– The results obtained show that proper adjustment of the material properties results in significant improvements in the protective structure penetration resistance.

Originality/value
– To the authors’ knowledge, the present work is the first reported attempt to apply the materials-by-design approach to armor-grade composite materials in order to help improve their ballistic-penetration resistance.
Corrosion damage evolution of the aircraft aluminum alloy 2024 T3
Authors: Pantelakis Spiros , Setsika Dorothea , Chamos Apostolos , Zervaki Anna 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to quantify the corrosion damage evolution that has occurred on the aircraft aluminum alloy 2024 after the exposure to Exfoliation Corrosion Test (EXCO) solution. Moreover, the effect of the evolving corrosion damage on the materials mechanical properties has been assessed. The relevance of the corrosion damage induced by the exposure to the laboratory EXCO for linking it to the damage developed after the exposure of the material on several outdoor corrosive environments or in service is discussed.

Design/methodology/approach
– To induce corrosion damage the EXCO has been used. For the quantification of corrosion damage the metallographic features considered have been pit depth, diameter, pitting density and pit shape. The effect of the evolving corrosion damage on the materials mechanical properties has been assessed by means of tensile tests on pre corroded specimens.

Findings
– The results have shown that corrosion damage starts from pitting and evolves to exfoliation, after the development of intergranular corrosion. This evolution is expressed by the increase of the depth of attack, as well as through the significant growth of the diameter of the damaged areas. The results of the tensile tests performed on pre corroded material made an appreciable decrease of the materials tensile properties evident. The decrease of the tensile ductility may become dramatic and increases on severity with increasing corrosion exposure time. SEM fractography revealed a quasi-cleavage zone beneath the depth of corrosion attack.

Originality/value
– The results underline the impact of corrosion damage on the mechanical behavior of the aluminum alloy 2024 T3 and demonstrate the need for further investigation of the corrosion effect on the structural integrity of the material. This work provides an experimental database concerning the quantification of corrosion damage evolution and the loss of material properties due to corrosion.