bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of microsatellite markers for buffalograss (Buchloë dactyloides; Poaceae), a drought‐tolerant turfgrass alternative
Authors: Hadle Jacob J. , Konrade Lauren A. , Beasley Rochelle R. , Lance Stacey L. , Jones Kenneth L. , Beck James B. 
Published: August 2016

Premise of the study:Buchloë dactyloides (Poaceae) is an important component of Great Plains prairies and a popular drought‐tolerant turfgrass alternative in North America. This species comprises an autopolyploid series, and microsatellite primers were developed to understand the distribution of genetic variation among cytotypes and across its large geographic range.Methods and Results:Fifteen microsatellite loci were designed and successfully amplified in six B. dactyloides populations. Within‐population genetic diversity was comparatively high, consistent with B. dactyloides’ life history. Allelic variation at 13 loci was consistent with the cytotype established in chromosome‐counted samples.Conclusions:This variable, interpretable set of loci allows for the determination of multilocus genotype in B. dactyloides individuals of varying cytotype. Data such as these from a range‐wide sample set can provide important insights for germplasm conservation and crop improvement in this ecologically and economically important species.
A SEARCH FOR CORONAL ACTIVITY AMONG TWO METAL-POOR SUBDWARFS AND ONE SUBGIANT*
Authors: Smith Graeme H. , Dupree Andrea K. , Günther Hans Moritz 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
A search has been made using the XMM-Newton satellite for coronal soft X-ray emission from HD 19445, HD 25329, and HD 140283, three Population II stars in the Galactic halo having metallicities of

. The program stars, consisting of two subdwarfs and one metal-poor subgiant, were pre-selected from ground-based observations to have He i
λ10830 absorption lines with an equivalent width (EW) of 30 mÅ or more. If such stars follow a relation between He i EW and soft X-ray flux applicable to Population I dwarf stars, then they would be expected to have X-ray luminosities

times their bolometric luminosity, and as such would yield detectable sources in 20 ks exposures with the XMM-Newton EPIC-PN and MOS cameras. No detections were found in such exposures made with XMM-Newton. Upper limits to soft X-ray emission from the two program stars that have effective temperatures most similar to that of the Sun, namely HD 19445 and HD 140283, are comparable to the level of the quiet Sun. The star HD 25329, a cooler subdwarf, exhibits an upper limit similar to the Sun at maximum activity. These measurements suggest that coronal activity appears to decrease with age among the oldest G dwarfs, but K-M subdwarfs possibly have maintained a solar-like level of activity.
GW LIBRAE: STILL HOT EIGHT YEARS POST-OUTBURST
Authors: Szkody Paula , Mukadam Anjum S. , Gänsicke Boris T. , Chote Paul , Nelson Peter , Myers Gordon , Toloza Odette , Waagen Elizabeth O. , Sion Edward M. , Sullivan Denis J. , Townsley Dean M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We report continued Hubble Space Telescope (HST) ultraviolet spectra and ground-based optical photometry and spectroscopy of GW Librae eight years after its largest known dwarf nova outburst in 2007. This represents the longest cooling timescale measured for any dwarf nova. The spectra reveal that the white dwarf still remains about 3000 K hotter than its quiescent value. Both ultraviolet and optical light curves show a short period of 364–373 s, similar to one of the non-radial pulsation periods present for years prior to the outburst, and with a similar large UV/optical amplitude ratio. A large modulation at a period of 2 hr (also similar to that observed prior to outburst) is present in the optical data preceding and during the HST observations, but the satellite observation intervals did not cover the peaks of the optical modulation, and so it is not possible to determine its corresponding UV amplitude. The similarity of the short and long periods to quiescent values implies that the pulsating, fast spinning white dwarf in GW Lib may finally be nearing its quiescent configuration.
PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF SELECTED ALGOL-TYPE BINARIES. IX. V548 CYGNI
Authors: Yang Yuan-Gui , Wu Chao , Hamme W. Van , Hu J.-Y. , Wei J-Y. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a new UV light curve of the Algol eclipsing binary V548 Cyg obtained with the Lunar Ultraviolet Telescope. We model the UV light curve together with two previously published (B and V) light curves, primary star radial velocities, and eclipse timings in a unified multi-data-type solution and determine orbital parameters and absolute dimensions. Timing residuals hint at the presence of a third star in the system. This star is possibly the source of the third light that is needed to obtain a good fit to each of the light curves simultaneously. The light–time oscillation in the timing residuals has a period of either

or

years. The third body orbit inclination would have to be low (

or

, respectively) for the third star to have a mass of

, which would be expected for a main-sequence star of color

, as determined from the light curve solution. In an H–R diagram, the mass-gaining, primary component of V548 Cyg is located between the zero-age and terminal-age main sequence for solar composition stars, and close to the 0.4 Gyr isochrone.
COSMICFLOWS-3
Authors: Tully R. Brent , Courtois Hélène M. , Sorce Jenny G. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The Cosmicflows database of galaxy distances that in the second edition contained 8188 entries is now expanded to 17,669 entries. The major additions are 2257 distances that we have derived from the correlation between galaxy rotation and luminosity with photometry at

obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope and 8885 distances based on the Fundamental Plane methodology from the Six Degree Field Galaxy Survey collaboration. There are minor augmentations to the Tip of the Red Giant Branch and Type Ia supernova compilations. A zero-point calibration of the supernova luminosities gives a value for the Hubble Constant of

(± rand. ± sys.) km s−1 Mpc−1. Alternatively, a restriction on the peculiar velocity monopole term representing global infall/outflow implies

km s−1 Mpc−1.
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE PROPER MOTION (HSTPROMO) CATALOGS OF GALACTIC GLOBULAR CLUSTERS. IV. KINEMATIC PROFILES AND AVERAGE MASSES OF BLUE STRAGGLER STARS∗
Authors: Baldwin A. T. , Watkins L. L. , Marel R. P. van der , Bianchini P. , Bellini A. , Anderson J. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We make use of the Hubble Space Telescope proper-motion catalogs derived by Bellini et al. to produce the first radial velocity dispersion profiles

for blue straggler stars (BSSs) in Galactic globular clusters (GCs), as well as the first dynamical estimates for the average mass of the entire BSS population. We show that BSSs typically have lower velocity dispersions than stars with mass equal to the main-sequence turnoff mass, as one would expect for a more massive population of stars. Since GCs are expected to experience some degree of energy equipartition, we use the relation

, where η is related to the degree of energy equipartition, along with our velocity dispersion profiles to estimate BSS masses. We estimate η as a function of cluster relaxation from recent Monte Carlo cluster simulations by Bianchini et al. and then derive an average mass ratio

and an average mass

M
⊙ from 598 BSSs across 19 GCs. The final error bars include any systematic errors that are random between different clusters, but not any potential biases inherent to our methodology. Our results are in good agreement with the average mass of

M
⊙ for the 35 BSSs in Galactic GCs in the literature with properties that have allowed individual mass determination.
A TOTAL MOLECULAR GAS MASS CENSUS IN Z ∼ 2–3 STAR-FORMING GALAXIES: LOW-J CO EXCITATION PROBES OF GALAXIES’ EVOLUTIONARY STATES
Authors: Sharon Chelsea E. , Riechers Dominik A. , Hodge Jacqueline , Carilli Chris L. , Walter Fabian , Weiß Axel , Knudsen Kirsten K. , Wagg Jeff 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We present CO(1–0) observations obtained at the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array for 14

galaxies with existing CO(3–2) measurements, including 11 galaxies that contain active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and three submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). We combine this sample with an additional 15

galaxies from the literature that have both CO(1–0) and CO(3–2) measurements in order to evaluate differences in CO excitation between SMGs and AGN host galaxies, to measure the effects of CO excitation on the derived molecular gas properties of these populations, and to look for correlations between the molecular gas excitation and other physical parameters. With our expanded sample of CO(3–2)/CO(1–0) line ratio measurements, we do not find a statistically significant difference in the mean line ratio between SMGs and AGN host galaxies as can be found in the literature; we instead find

for AGN host galaxies and

for SMGs (or

for both populations combined). We also do not measure a statistically significant difference between the distributions of the line ratios for these populations at the p = 0.05 level, although this result is less robust. We find no excitation dependence on the index or offset of the integrated Schmidt–Kennicutt relation for the two CO lines, and we obtain indices consistent with N = 1 for the various subpopulations. However, including low-z “normal” galaxies increases our best-fit Schmidt–Kennicutt index to

. While we do not reproduce correlations between the CO line width and luminosity, we do reproduce correlations between CO excitation and star-formation efficiency.
THE ORBIT OF THE L DWARF + T DWARF SPECTRAL BINARY SDSS J080531.84+481233.0*
Authors: Burgasser Adam J. , Blake Cullen H. , Gelino Christopher R. , Sahlmann Johannes , Gagliuffi Daniella Bardalez 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
SDSS J080531.84+481233.0 is a closely separated, very-low-mass (VLM) binary identified through combined-light spectroscopy and confirmed as an astrometric variable. Here we report four years of radial velocity monitoring observations of the system that reveal significant and periodic variability, confirming the binary nature of the source. We infer an orbital period of 2.02 ± 0.03 years, a semimajor axis of 0.76

au, and an eccenticity of 0.46 ± 0.05, consistent with the amplitude of astrometric variability and prior attempts to resolve the system. Folding in constraints based on the spectral types of the components (L4 ± 0.7 and T5.5 ± 1.1), corresponding effective temperatures, and brown dwarf evolutionary models, we further constrain the orbital inclination of this system to be nearly edge-on (90° ± 19°), and deduce a large system mass ratio (M
2/M
1 =

), substellar components (M
1 =

M
☉, M
2 =

M
☉), and a relatively old system age (minimum age =

Gyr). The measured projected rotational velocity of the primary (

= 34.1 ± 0.7 km s−1) implies that this inactive source is a rapid rotator (period ≲ 3 hr) and a viable system for testing spin–orbit alignment in VLM multiples. Robust model-independent constraints on the component masses may be possible through measurement of the reflex motion of the secondary at wavelengths in which it contributes a greater proportion of the combined luminence, while the system may also be resolvable through sparse-aperature mask interferometry with adaptive optics. The combination of well-determined component atmospheric properties and masses near and/or below the hydrogen minimum mass make SDSS J0805+4812AB an important system for future tests of brown dwarf evolutionary models.
THE PHASE COHERENCE OF INTERSTELLAR DENSITY FLUCTUATIONS
Authors: Burkhart Blakesley , Lazarian A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Studies of MHD turbulence often investigate the Fourier power spectrum to provide information on the nature of the turbulence cascade. However, the Fourier power spectrum only contains the Fourier amplitudes and rejects all information regarding the Fourier phases. Here, we investigate the utility of two statistical diagnostics for recovering information on Fourier phases in ISM column density maps: the averaged amplitudes of the bispectrum and the phase coherence index (PCI), a new phase technique for the ISM. We create three-dimensional density and two-dimensional column density maps using a set of simulations of isothermal ideal MHD turbulence with a wide range of sonic and Alfvénic Mach numbers. We find that the bispectrum averaged along different angles with respect to either the k
1 or k
2 axis is primarily sensitive to the sonic Mach number while averaging the bispectral amplitudes over different annuli is sensitive to both the sonic and Alfvénic Mach numbers. The PCI of density suggests that the most correlated phases occur in supersonic sub-Alfvénic turbulence and near the shock scale. This suggests that nonlinear interactions with correlated phases are strongest in shock-dominated regions, in agreement with findings from the solar wind. Our results suggest that the phase information contained in the bispectrum and PCI can be used to find the turbulence parameters in column density maps.
PIXEL COLOR MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS FOR SEMI-RESOLVED STELLAR POPULATIONS: THE STAR FORMATION HISTORY OF REGIONS WITHIN THE DISK AND BULGE OF M31
Authors: Conroy Charlie , van Dokkum Pieter G. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The analysis of stellar populations has, by and large, been developed for two limiting cases: spatially resolved stellar populations in the color–magnitude diagram, and integrated light observations of distant systems. In between these two extremes lies the semi-resolved regime, which encompasses a rich and relatively unexplored realm of observational phenomena. Here we develop the concept of pixel color–magnitude diagrams (pCMDs) as a powerful technique for analyzing stellar populations in the semi-resolved regime. pCMDs show the distribution of imaging data in the plane of pixel luminosity versus pixel color. A key feature of pCMDs is that they are sensitive to all stars, including both the evolved giants and the unevolved main sequence stars. An important variable in this regime is the mean number of stars per pixel,

. Simulated pCMDs demonstrate a strong sensitivity to the star formation history (SFH) and have the potential to break degeneracies between age, metallicity and dust based on two filter data for values of

up to at least 104. We extract pCMDs from Hubble Space Telescope optical imaging of M31 and derive SFHs with seven independent age bins from 106 to 1010 year for both the crowded disk and bulge regions (where

). From analyzing a small region of the disk we find a SFH that is smooth and consistent with an exponential decay timescale of 4 Gyr. The bulge SFH is also smooth and consistent with a 2 Gyr decay timescale. pCMDs will likely play an important role in maximizing the science returns from next generation ground and space-based facilities.
The Relationship Between ACGME Duty Hour Requirements and Performance on the American Board of Emergency Medicine Qualifying Examination
Authors: Counselman Francis L. , Kowalenko Terry , Marco Catherine A. , Joldersma Kevin B. , Korte Robert C. , Reisdorff Earl J. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
In 2003, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) instituted requirements that limited the number of hours residents could spend on duty, and in 2011, it revised these requirements.

Objective
This study explored whether the implementation of the 2003 and 2011 duty hour limits was associated with a change in emergency medicine residents' performance on the American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) Qualifying Examination (QE).

Methods
Beginning with the 1999 QE and ending with the 2014 QE, candidates for whom all training occurred without duty hour requirements (Group A), candidates under the first set of duty hour requirements (Group C), and candidates under the second set of duty hour requirements (Group E) were compared. Comparisons included mean scores and pass rates.

Results
In Group A, 5690 candidates completed the examination, with a mean score of 82.8 and a 90.2% pass rate. In Group C, 8333 candidates had a mean score of 82.4 and a 90.5% pass rate. In Group E, there were 1269 candidates, with a mean score of 82.5 and an 89.4% pass rate. There was a small but statistically significant decrease in the mean scores (0.04, P &lt; .001) after implementation of the first duty hour requirements, but this difference did not occur after implementation of the 2011 standards. There was no difference among pass rates for any of the study groups (χ2 = 1.68, P = .43).

Conclusions
We did not identify an association between the 2003 and 2011 ACGME duty hour requirements and performance of test takers on the ABEM QE.
Quantitative assessment of AOD from 17 CMIP5 models based on satellite-derived AOD over India
Authors: Misra Amit , Kanawade Vijay P. , Tripathi Sachchida Nand 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) values from 17 CMIP5 models are compared with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) derived AODs over India. The objective is to identify the cases of successful AOD simulation by CMIP5 models, considering satellite-derived AOD as a benchmark. Six years of AOD data (2000–2005) from MISR and MODIS are processed to create quality-assured gridded AOD maps over India, which are compared with corresponding maps of 17 CMIP5 models at the same grid resolution. Intercomparison of model and satellite data shows that model-AOD is better correlated with MISR-derived AOD than MODIS. The correlation between model-AOD and MISR-AOD is used to segregate the models into three categories identifying their performance in simulating the AOD over India. Maps of correlation between model-AOD and MISR-/MODIS-AOD are generated to provide quantitative information about the intercomparison. The two sets of data are examined for different seasons and years to examine the seasonal and interannual variation in the correlation coefficients. Latitudinal and longitudinal variations in AOD as simulated by models are also examined and compared with corresponding variations observed by satellites.
Evaluation of Dogs with Border Collie Collapse, Including Response to Two Standardized Strenuous Exercise Protocols
Authors: Taylor Susan , Shmon Cindy , Su Lillian , Epp Tasha , Minor Katie , Mickelson James , Patterson Edward , Shelton G. Diane 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTClinical and metabolic variables were evaluated in 13 dogs with border collie collapse (BCC) before, during, and following completion of standardized strenuous exercise protocols. Six dogs participated in a ball-retrieving protocol, and seven dogs participated in a sheep-herding protocol. Findings were compared with 16 normal border collies participating in the same exercise protocols (11 retrieving, five herding). Twelve dogs with BCC developed abnormal mentation and/or an abnormal gait during evaluation. All dogs had post-exercise elevations in rectal temperature, pulse rate, arterial blood pH, PaO2, and lactate, and decreased PaCO2 and bicarbonate, as expected with strenuous exercise, but there were no significant differences between BCC dogs and normal dogs. Electrocardiography demonstrated sinus tachycardia in all dogs following exercise. Needle electromyography was normal, and evaluation of muscle biopsy cryosections using a standard panel of histochemical stains and reactions did not reveal a reason for collapse in 10 dogs with BCC in which these tests were performed. Genetic testing excluded the dynamin-1 related exercise-induced collapse mutation and the V547A malignant hyperthermia mutation as the cause of BCC. Common reasons for exercise intolerance were eliminated. Although a genetic basis is suspected, the cause of collapse in BCC was not determined.
Seminal Vesiculitis in Three Pet Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Ardiaca Maria , Bonvehi Cristina , Cuesta Marina , Gomez Alicia , Montesinos Andres 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
To date, descriptions of pathologic conditions of the seminal vesicle in rabbits are scarce and limited to the laboratory animals in experimental conditions. The present article describes three cases of strangury, abdominal pain, and anorexia associated with seminal vesiculitis in pet rabbits. Three non-neutered male pet rabbits aged 3.6, 1.5, and 2.1 yrs were presented with strangury, abdominal pain, and anorexia. Seminal vesiculitis was diagnosed based on clinical signs and ultrasonography findings. Vesiculectomy was performed in two cases that presented strangury refractory to medical treatment, and diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. In the third case, the patient received medical treatment, and a sequela in the form of lithiasis of the seminal vesicle was detected 3 yrs later. Plain radiographs were nearly unremarkable, and results from complete blood analysis and urinalysis were not specific in all three cases. Contrast radiography was performed in one case, showing a dilated seminal vesicle. Ultrasound and surgical biopsy seem to be the most sensitive techniques in the diagnosis of this pathology. Seminal vesiculitis must be included in the differential diagnosis of acute or chronic strangury in male pet rabbits.
The effect of bimineralic composition on extensional processes at lithospheric scale
Authors: Jammes Suzon , Lavier Luc L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe investigate how lithospheric scale compositional heterogeneities affect kilometric scale deformation processes. To this end, we perform numerical experiments of lithospheric extension in which we vary the Moho temperature and the mineralic composition of the mantle and the crust. In both the crust and the mantle, we use an explicit bimineralic composition by randomly distributing two mineral phases in the materials. Comparison of our models to simulations using an implicit bimineralic composite (one average viscous flow laws for a two‐phase aggregate) crust and mantle demonstrates that an explicit bimineralic composition assimilated to heterogeneities succeeds in explaining observations related to the formation of rifted margins such a: (1) the absence of a sharp deformation zone at the brittle ductile transition (BDT), (2) the initiation of the rifting process as a wide delocalized rift system with multiple normal faults dipping in both directions; (3) the development of anastomosing shear zones in the middle/lower crust and the upper lithospheric mantle similar to the crustal scale anastomosing patterns observed in the field or in seismic data; (4) the preservation of undeformed lenses of material leading to lithospheric scale boudinage structure and resulting in the formation of continental ribbons as observed along the Iberian‐Newfoundland margin.
GRAIL, LLR, and LOLA constraints on the interior structure of the Moon
Authors: Matsuyama Isamu , Nimmo Francis , Keane James T. , Chan Ngai H. , Taylor G. Jeffrey , Wieczorek Mark A. , Kiefer Walter S. , Williams James G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe interior structure of the Moon is constrained by its mass, moment of inertia, and k2 and h2 tidal Love numbers. We infer the likely radius, density, and (elastic limit) rigidity of all interior layers by solving the inverse problem using these observational constraints assuming spherical symmetry. Our results do not favor the presence of a low rigidity transition layer between a liquid outer core and mantle. If a transition layer exists, its rigidity is constrained to
GPa, with a preference for the high rigidity values. Therefore, if a transition layer exists, it is more likely to have a rigidity similar to that of the mantle (∼70 GPa). The total (solid and liquid) core mass fraction relative to the lunar mass is constrained to
and
for interior structures with and without a transition layer, respectively, narrowing the range of possible giant impact formation scenarios.