bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristic Analysis of India–Burma Trough Events and Its Impact on Winter Precipitation in South and East Asia: Based on Objective Identification
Authors: Cao Xiaohang , Yuan Junpeng , Yan Xin , Yang Tong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
During the boreal winter, the India–Burma trough (IBT), a shortwave trough system primarily positioned over the northern Bay of Bengal, exerts a significant synoptic-scale variation and impact on precipitation in South and East Asia. This study utilizes the 6-hourly ERA5 dataset to objectively identify and track 714 IBT events from 1981 to 2019. On average, IBT occurred about 54.7 days yr−1, with an average of 18.3 events annually and lasting around 2.5 days. IBT events are classified into two types: local and eastward moving. Local IBTs manifest in the mid- and lower troposphere with a vertical temperature structure of warm-over-cold, whereas the signals of the eastward-moving IBTs extend from the lower to the upper troposphere, exhibiting cold anomalies vertically. The impacts on winter precipitation in South and East Asia differ significantly between these two IBT types. Local IBTs are primarily linked with the eastward propagation of wave disturbances along the subtropical westerly jet, while eastward-moving IBTs are associated with robust disturbance sources from mid–high latitudes and jointly modulated by the consequent eastward propagation of Rossby wave trains along northern and southern branches of the westerly jet streams. Precipitation anomalies during local IBTs are typically positive (negative) in the Indochina Peninsula and southwestern China (Indian Peninsula), whereas eastward-moving IBTs correlate with more intense and widespread precipitation in South and East Asia, with a pronounced band of anomalies from the Indochina Peninsula to southern China.
Developing the Scale of the Social Health Impact of War
Authors: Filiz Mustafa , Hattatoğlu Sedat 
Published: October 2024

Background/Aim: This study was conducted to develop the “Scale of the Effects of War on Social Health” to better understand the effects that news of have on individuals. Method: 389 adult individuals participated in the study. The scale was developed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to test its structural validity. Results: As a result of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the scale was found to consist of four dimensions: “worry and despair”, “concentration”, “shame and guilt” and “anger and control”. The scale consists of a total of 16 statements. The calculated CR and AVE values show that the scale has a reliable structure. Conclusion: This study, conducted to determine the effect of war news on the social health of individuals, provides a scientific tool to identify and measure the potential effects of the frames reflected in mass media news during wartime on the social health status of individuals. The scale developed can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of war news on the people who are not directly involved in the war but listen or read the news.
The Initial Experience of Eslicarbazepine in Children at Three Canadian Tertiary Pediatric Care Centers
Authors: Nyakeri Yvonne , Xu Qi , Nouri Maryam , Haile Denait , Datta Anita N. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction Eslicarbazepine (ESL) is a once-daily, third-generation antiseizure medication for focal-onset seizures. The primary mechanism of action is enhancing the slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels. The study objective was to review real-world experience regarding retention rate, efficacy, and tolerability of eslicarbazepine, soon after it became available for children in Canada. Methods A retrospective review was performed on all patients prescribed eslicarbazepine from September 2017 to June 2020, with at least 3 years of follow-up data, at 3 Canadian tertiary care pediatric centers. Results Fifty patients were identified, and the mean age of eslicarbazepine initiation was 12.4 years (range 3-19 years). Most patients had drug-resistant epilepsy, trying a mean of 5.04 (range 0-14) antiseizure medications before the initiation of eslicarbazepine. Twenty-four patients (48.0%) experienced adverse effects, including dizziness (n = 10), drowsiness (n = 6), dizziness and drowsiness (n = 1), nausea and abdominal pain (n = 4), transient unsteadiness and diplopia (n = 1), and negative mood changes (n = 2). None had serious adverse effects, including rash. The retention rate of eslicarbazepine at last follow-up was 70%. Fifteen (30%) had ≥50% seizure reduction, with 2 of these patients becoming seizure free. Ten (20%) had 25% to 50% reduction, 2 (4%) had worsening of seizures, and 17 (34%) had no change in seizure frequency. Conclusion The study results support the long-term effectiveness and tolerability of eslicarbazepine in a cohort of children with predominantly drug-resistant epilepsy in a real-life setting from 3 Canadian centers with initial use after approval. Adverse effects were nonserious, infrequently leading to eslicarbazepine discontinuation.
An in vitro cytotoxicity study on PANI/ZnO nanocomposites against HCT- 116 cancer cells using MTT assay
Authors: Sudhadevi D , Jayamurugan P , Srinivas G , Suresh B , Gupta Abha , Rajeshkumar Raman , Mohd Ubaidullah , Al-Kahtani Abdullah A , Kumar Ashok 
Published: October 2024

Polyaniline/ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized with different weight percentage of ZnO (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) using an in situ chemical polymerization method. The prepared composite samples were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TEM, SEM with EDAX, UV-Vis, PL, electrical conductivity, photocatalytic properties, antibacterial and anticancer activity. The presence of functional groups in PANI-ZnO NCs is identified by FTIR spectral analysis. X-ray diffraction patterns show that the nanocomposites exhibit preferential orientational growth along the (002) plane with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The intensity of the maximum reflection (101) increases with increasing ZnO doping concentrations. The TEM analysis indicates that the spherical shape,the particle size was found to be 36.8 nm. SAED pattern closely matched the peaks of the XRD pattern, confirming that the relevant SAED patterns correspond to hexagonal Wurtzite crystals of ZnO. SEM image shows a spherical morphology and ZnO nanoparticles are homogeniously mixed with PANI matrix. EDAX analysis showed the presence of Zn, C and O.UV-vis absorption spectra reveals increasing wavelength leads to the redshift in which there is a strong interaction between PANI and PANI/ZnO. The band gap energy of PANI/ZnO NCs is decreased to 1.30 eV by adding different concentrations of ZnO. PL analysis showed that the addition of ZnO dopants reduced the bandgap and increased oxygen defect vacancies of PANI/ZnO composites. An increase in ZnO content in the PANI matrix was also seen to cause a decrease in electrical conductivity. This alteration might be connected to ZnO’s doping and dedoping activity in the PANI matrix. Photocatalytic activity of 80 wt%ZnO-doped PANI-NPs through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) pigment studied under UV-A light and had detected 95% of degradation throughout 260 min. The lowest bandgap of 80 wt% ZnO shows the highest photocatalytic MB degradation performance. PANI/ZnO nanocomposite with high concentration of ZnO had good antibacterial activity against both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. An in vitro study was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of PANI and PANI/ZnO NPs on the HCT-116 cell line. The results of the MTT test reveal that PANI/ZnO NPs have a significantly greater cytotoxic effect on the HCT-116 cell line than PANI.
Current Ear and Hearing Care Practices for Infants and Toddlers with Cleft Palate in the United States
Authors: Findlen Ursula M. , Meehan Anna , Allen Gregory , Kacmarynski Deborah S.F. , Grischkan Jonathan , Nightengale Emily C. , Alexander Lauren C. , Pollard Sarah Hatch , Baylis Adriane L. ,   On behalf of the CORNET Consortium
Published: October 2024

Objective To examine ear and hearing clinical practices across American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (ACPA) approved teams in the United States. Design Multi-site prospective, observational, longitudinal study. Setting Seventeen Cleft Palate Teams in the United States. Patients, Participants Children with cleft palate, with or without cleft lip (CP ± L), born between 2015 and 2022, evaluated by 18 months (n = 1246). Interventions None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Standard of care otolaryngology and audiology appointments evaluated in the context of whether otolaryngology and audiology services were provided as embedded care within the team visit or as ancillary services. Results Over 71% of infants passed newborn hearing screening (NBHS). By age 18 months, only 40% of infants received audiologic follow-up while 93.6% of children received otolaryngology care. Follow-up was significantly better for infants served by teams with embedded providers versus those who refer families for ancillary services; the odds of seeing an audiologist by 18 months were three times as high among participants seen by teams with embedded audiology (OR = 3.25; CI = 2.0, 5.2) while those seen by teams with embedded otolaryngologists had more than double the odds of seeing an otolaryngologist by 18 months (OR = 2.2; CI = 1.5, 3.2). Conclusions There is considerable variability across ACPA-approved centers in the US regarding the timing and completion of otolaryngology and audiologic follow-up for children with CP ± L. This study highlights the importance of following established standards of care and the impact that team composition and access to clinical services can have on equity of care.
Updated Morphological and Immunohistochemical Profile of Neuroendocrine Tumors Developing in Ovarian Teratomas: A Large Series of a Rare and Heterogeneous Disease
Authors: Leclerc J. , Tihy M. , Genestie C. , Chen R. , Hentic O. , Koskas M. , Gouy S. , Scoazec JY. , Couvelard A. , Bucau Margot 
Published: October 2024

Introduction Ovarian neuroendocrine tumors are rare and often arise within mature teratoma of the ovary. No recent re-evaluation of the immunophenotype of these tumors with the new markers available in the field of neuroendocrine neoplasms has been performed. The objectives were to describe the morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arising from ovarian teratomas, to correlate them with the type of teratomatous epithelial components present and to evaluate their proliferative activity using the WHO recommendations for gastroenteropancreatic NETs. Materials and Methods This is a bi-centric retrospective study using a panel of markers (chromogranin-A, chromogranin-B, synaptophysin, CDX2, SATB2, TTF1, PAX8, islet-1, serotonin and calcitonin) and Ki-67 proliferation index. Results The 34 NETs studied were unilateral and presented when it's done four distinct immunophenotypic profiles: 8 NETs expressed serotonin and CDX2 (small intestinal profile), 12 SATB2 (colorectal profile), one TTF1 (thoracic profile) and 4 “null” tumors expressed none of the above markers. The Ki-67 index ranged from 0 to 19.82% (median: 1.51%). 28 tumors were grade 1 (85%), 5 tumors were grade 2 (15%). They were associated with squamous (n = 26), respiratory (n = 23), thyroid (n = 10) and gastrointestinal (n = 5) components. Discussion and Conclusion The main type of NET is intestinal phenotype, but rarely accompanied with digestive tissue. This suggests that the cell of origin may be a neuroendocrine precursor present in the teratoma, and confirms that primary NETs arising in ovarian teratomas should not be classified or named according to the type of the surrounding teratoma tissue.
Differentiation Between Phyllodes Tumor and Fibroadenoma of the Breast: A Radiomics Prediction Model Based on Full-Field Digital Mammography & Digital Tomosynthesis
Authors: Zeng Fengxia , Zeng Hui , Yang Jun , Huang Danping , Liu Jialing , Wen Chanjuan , Qin Genggeng , Liao Shengwu , Chen Weiguo , Xu Weimin , Wang Sina 
Published: October 2024

Objective To assess the diagnostic performance of FFDM-based and DBT-based radiomics models to differentiate breast phyllodes tumors from fibroadenomas. Methods 192 patients (93 phyllodes tumors and 99 fibroadenomas) who underwent mammography were retrospectively enrolled. Radiomic features were respectively extracted from FFDM and the clearest slice of DBT images. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select radiomics features. A combined model was constructed by radiomics and radiological signatures. Machine learning classification was done using logistic regression based on radiomics or radiological signatures (clinical model). Four radiologists were tested on phyllodes tumors and fibroadenomas with and without optimal model assistance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was computed to assess the performance of each model or radiologist. The Delong test and McNemar's test were performed to compare the performance. Results The combined model yielded the highest performance with an AUC of 0.948 (95%CI: 0.889-1.000) in the testing set, slightly higher than the FFDM-radiomics model (AUC of 0.937, 95%CI: 0.841-0.984) and the DBT-radiomics model (AUC of 0.860, 95%CI: 0.742-0.936) and significantly superior to the clinical model (AUC of 0.719, 95%CI: 0.585-0.829). With the combined model aid, the AUCs of four radiologists were improved from 0.808 to 0.914 ( p=0.079), 0.759 to 0.888 ( p=0.015), 0.717 to 0.846 ( p=0.004), and 0.629 to 0.803 ( p=0.001). Conclusion Radiomics analysis based on FFDM and DBT shows promise in differentiating phyllodes tumors from fibroadenomas.
The evolving perspective of menopause management in the United Kingdom
Authors: Mansour Diana , Barber Katie , Chalk Guillian , Noble Nikki , Digpal Ajvinder Anthony Singh , Talaulikar Vikram , Gray Sarah 
Published: October 2024

Background: The use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) was significantly reduced following the publication of the Women’s Health Initiative study results and has remained low ever since. However, from 2015 onwards, the UK has seen a substantial increase in MHT prescribing compared to other European countries. Objectives: To evaluate the factors contributing to the shift in women’s and healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) perception of MHT in the United Kingdom and to provide learning points for other European countries. Design: An exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study Methods: An interactive virtual panel discussion in which seven UK-based HCPs with a special interest in the menopause discussed the evolution of its management in the United Kingdom. Results: In the last 8 years, there has been a substantial increase in MHT prescriptions in the United Kingdom due to improved menopause awareness and acceptance of MHT. Accessibility to accurate, scientific, information and guidance from respected institutions is one of the main drivers of this change. Social media has increased that reach with ‘influencers’ empowering women to seek help. Women are demanding access to menopause health care so that they can receive holistic and individualized treatment based on their clinical conditions and needs. Standardized education of HCPs is an essential pillar to provide appropriate and equitable care to menopausal women and to guarantee safe prescribing of MHT. Furthermore, up to date and factually correct menopausal education would benefit all the population. Conclusions: Publication of new scientific data reporting a more favourable benefit/risk ratio with MHT, production of national guidance and an increased awareness via social media have led to the significant rise in MHT prescribing and improvement of menopause care in the United Kingdom. The lessons learned may benefit other European countries.
Exploring operating room staff engagement in the planning and design of the built environment in Australia: Development of a constructivist grounded theory
Authors: Irwin Kasey Ann , Donnelly Frank , Kelly Janet 
Published: October 2024

Aim: This study aimed to explore Australian health professionals’ perceptions and experiences regarding built environment planning for operating rooms. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews and a focus group using exploratory qualitative methods, involving 16 participants: anaesthetists, surgeons, nurses, theatre technicians and designers of operating rooms. Findings: Four core concerns of participants were analysed: Engagement, Respect & Collaboration; Foreseeing & Responding to Safety Concerns; Enhancing Design Planning to Minimise Internal & External Consequences; and Ambiguous Application of Standards in Operating Room Design Planning. Conclusion: Health professionals highlighted safety impacts related to patients and staff due to the built environment and emphasised the need for improved engagement, respect and collaboration in design processes. Consideration needs to be given to the lived experiences of health professionals in design planning to address safety concerns effectively. Hierarchies and cultural factors were identified as barriers to inclusive design processes.
An optimal deep learning model for the scoring of radiographic damage in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Chen Yen-Ju , Chen Der-Yuan , Lan Haw-Chang , Huang An-Chih , Chen Yi-Hsing , Huang Wen-Nan , Chen Hsin-Hua 
Published: October 2024

Background: Detecting vertebral structural damage in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is crucial for understanding disease progression and in research settings. Objectives: This study aimed to use deep learning to score the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS) using lateral X-ray images of the cervical and lumbar spine in patients with AS in Asian populations. Design: A deep learning model was developed to automate the scoring of mSASSS based on X-ray images. Methods: We enrolled patients with AS at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan from August 1, 2001 to December 30, 2020. A localization module was used to locate the vertebral bodies in the images of the cervical and lumbar spine. Images were then extracted from these localized points and fed into a classification module to determine whether common lesions of AS were present. The scores of each localized point were calculated based on the presence of these lesions and summed to obtain the total mSASSS score. The performance of the model was evaluated on both validation set and testing set. Results: This study reviewed X-ray image data from 554 patients diagnosed with AS, which were then annotated by 3 medical experts for structural changes. The accuracy for judging various structural changes in the validation set ranged from 0.886 to 0.985, whereas the accuracy for scoring the single vertebral corner in the test set was 0.865. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a well-trained deep learning model of mSASSS scoring for detecting the vertebral structural damage in patients with AS at an accuracy rate of 86.5%. This artificial intelligence model would provide real-time mSASSS assessment for physicians to help better assist in radiographic status evaluation with minimal human errors. Furthermore, it can assist in a research setting by offering a consistent and objective method of scoring, which could enhance the reproducibility and reliability of clinical studies.
Climate Change and Environmentally Sustainable Kidney Care in Canada: A Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Survey of Kidney Care Providers
Authors: Ethier Isabelle , Sandal Shaifali , Tarakji Ahmad Raed , Finkle S. Neil , Kahlon Bhavneet , Pederson Kristen , Samanta Ratna , Stigant Caroline 
Published: October 2024

Background: Climate change impacts health and threatens the stability of care delivery systems, while healthcare is mobilizing to reduce its significant environmental impact. Objective: This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about climate change among Canadian kidney care providers. Design, setting, participants, measurements, and methods: An electronic KAP survey, created by the Canadian Society of Nephrology-Sustainable Nephrology Action Planning committee, was distributed to kidney care providers across Canada, from March to April 2023. Results: A total of 516 people responded to the survey. Most respondents (79%) identified as women; 83% were aged 30 to 59 years. Nurses and nephrologists made up 44% and 23% of respondents, respectively. About half of the participants felt informed about climate change to an average degree. Most respondents (71%; 349/495 and 62%; 300/489) were either extremely or very concerned about climate change and waste generated in their kidney care program, respectively. The vast majority of respondents (89%; 441/495) reported taking steps to lower their personal carbon footprint. People who felt more informed about climate change presented higher degrees of concern. Similarly, both those who felt more informed and those who reported higher degrees of concern about climate change were more likely to take steps to reduce their carbon footprint. Over 80% of respondents (314/386) were at least moderately interested in learning sessions about environmentally sustainable initiatives in care. Limitations: This survey is at risk of social acceptability, representative, and subjective bias. Overrepresentation from Quebec and British Columbia, as well as the majority of respondents identifying as women and working in academic centers, may affect generalizability of the findings. Conclusions: Most kidney care providers who responded to this survey are informed and concerned about climate change, and their knowledge is directly associated with attitude and practices. This indicates that educational initiatives to increase awareness and knowledge on climate change will likely lead to practice changes.
Machine learning in female urinary incontinence: A scoping review
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Xiaoxiao , Jiang Xiaoxiang , Lin Chaoqin 
Published: October 2024

Introduction and Hypothesis The aim was to conduct a scoping review of the literature on the use of machine learning (ML) in female urinary incontinence (UI) over the last decade. Methods A systematic search was performed among the Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases using the following keywords: [Urinary incontinence] and [(Machine learning) or (Predict) or (Prediction model)]. Eligible studies were considered to have applied ML model to explore different management processes of female UI. Data analyzed included the field of application, type of ML, input variables, and results of model validation. Results A total of 798 papers were identified while 23 finally met the inclusion criteria. The vast majority of studies applied logistic regression to establish models (91.3%, 21/23). Most frequently ML was applied to predict postpartum UI (39.1%, 9/23), followed by de novo incontinence after pelvic floor surgery (34.8%, 8/23).There are also three papers using ML models to predict treatment outcomes and three papers using ML models to assist in diagnosis. Variables for modeling included demographic characteristics, clinical data, pelvic floor ultrasound, and urodynamic parameters. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of these models fluctuated from 0.56 to 0.95, and only 11 studies reported sensitivity and specificity, with sensitivity ranging from 20% to 96.2% and specificity from 59.8% to 94.5%. Conclusion Machine learning modeling demonstrated good predictive and diagnostic abilities in some aspects of female UI, showing its promising prospects in near future. However, the lack of standardization and transparency in the validation and evaluation of the models, and the insufficient external validation greatly diminished the applicability and reproducibility, thus a focus on filling this gap is strongly recommended for future research.