bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exhumed lateral margins and increasing flow confinement of a submarine landslide complex
Authors: Brooks Hannah L. , Hodgson David M. , Brunt Rufus L. , Peakall Jeff , Flint Stephen S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSubmarine landslides, including the basal shear surfaces along which they fail, and their subsequent infill, are commonly observed in modern seabed and seismic reflection data sets; their resultant relief impacts sediment routing and storage patterns on continental margins. Here, three stacked submarine landslides are documented from the Permian Ecca Group, Laingsburg depocentre, Karoo Basin, South Africa, including two superimposed lateral margins. The stratigraphic framework includes measured sections and correlated surfaces along a 3 km long, 150 m high outcrop. Two stacked 2·0 to 4·5 km wide and 90 m and 60 m deep erosion surfaces are recognized, with lateral gradients of 8° and 4°, respectively. The aim of this study was to understand the evolution of a submarine landslide complex, including: evolution of basal shear surfaces/zones; variation of infill confinement; and location of the submarine landslides in the context of basin‐scale sedimentation and degradation rates. Three stages of formation are identified: (i) failure of submarine landslide 1, with deposition of unconfined remobilized deposits; (ii) failure of submarine landslide 2, forming basal shear surface/zone 1, with infill of remobilized deposits and weakly confined turbidites; and (iii) failure of submarine landslide 3, forming basal shear surface/zone 2, with infill of remobilized deposits and confined turbidites, transitioning stratigraphically to unconfined deposits. The expression of basal shear varies laterally, from metres thick zones in silt‐rich strata to sharp stepped surfaces in sand‐rich strata. Faulting and rotation of overlying bedding suggest that the shear surfaces/zones were dynamic. Stacking of landslides resulted from multi‐phase slope failure, increasing down‐dip topography and confinement of infilling deposits. The failure slope was probably a low supply tilted basin margin evidenced by megaclast entrainment from underlying basin‐floor successions and the lack of channel systems. This study develops a generic model of landslide infill, as a function of sedimentation and degradation rates, which can be applied globally.
Zeroing in on red blood cell unit expiry
Authors: Ayyalil Fathima , Irwin Greg , Ross Bryony , Manolis Michael , Enjeti Anoop K. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDExpiry of red blood cell (RBC) units is a significant contributor to wastage of precious voluntary donations. Effective strategies aimed at optimal resource utilization are required to minimize wastage.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis retrospective study analyzed the strategic measures implemented to reduce expiry of RBC units in an Australian tertiary regional hospital. The measures, which included inventory rearrangement, effective stock rotation, and the number of emergency courier services required during a 24‐month period, were evaluated.RESULTSThere was no wastage of RBC units due to expiry over the 12 months after policy changes. Before these changes, approximately half of RBC wastage (261/511) was due to expiry. The total number of transfusions remained constant in this period and there was no increase in the use of emergency couriers. Policy changes implemented were decreasing the RBC inventory level by one‐third and effective stock rotation and using a computerized system to link the transfusion services across the area. Effective stock rotation resulted in a reduction in older blood (>28 days) received in the main laboratory rotated from peripheral hospitals, down from 6%‐41% to 0%‐2.5%.CONCLUSIONAge‐related expiry of blood products is preventable and can be significantly reduced by improving practices in the pathology service. This study provides proof of principle for “zero tolerance for RBC unit expiry” across a large networked blood banking service.
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Stremmel Neil B. , Struck Christopher J. 
Published: September 2017

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, S3/SC 1, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, animal bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes a catalog of Acoustical American National Standards. To receive a copy of the latest Standards catalog, please contact Neil Stremmel.
Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.
This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America are available via the ASA home page: http://acousticalsociety.org.
Draft Genome Sequence of Listeria monocytogenes Strain ATCC 7644
Authors: Duceppe Marc-Olivier , Carrillo Catherine , Huang Hongsheng 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium which is an important foodborne bacterial pathogen for humans worldwide with high mortality rates. Here, we report a 2,964,284-bp draft genome sequence of
Listeria monocytogenes
strain ATCC 7644 (American Type Culture Collection).
Structurally Guided Removal of DeISGylase Biochemical Activity from Papain-Like Protease Originating from Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
Authors: Daczkowski Courtney M. , Goodwin Octavia Y. , Dzimianski John V. , Farhat Jonathan J. , Pegan Scott D. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging human pathogen that is the causative agent for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). With MERS outbreaks resulting in over 35% fatalities and now spread to 27 countries, MERS-CoV poses a significant ongoing threat to global human health. As part of its viral genome, MERS-CoV encodes a papain-like protease (PLpro) that has been observed to act as a deubiquitinase and deISGylase to antagonize type I interferon (IFN-I) immune pathways. This activity is in addition to its viral polypeptide cleavage function. Although the overall impact of MERS-CoV PLpro function is observed to be essential, difficulty has been encountered in delineating the importance of its separate functions, particularly its deISGylase activity. As a result, the interface of MERS-CoV and human interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (hISG15) was probed with isothermal calorimetry, which suggests that the C-terminal domain of hISG15 is principally responsible for interactions. Subsequently, the structure of MERS-CoV PLpro was solved to 2.4 Å in complex with the C-terminal domain of hISG15. Utilizing this structural information, mutants were generated that lacked appreciable deISGylase activity but retained wild-type deubiquitinase and peptide cleavage activities. Hence, this provides a new platform for understanding viral deISGylase activity within MERS-CoV and other CoVs.

IMPORTANCE
Coronaviruses, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), encode a papain-like protease (PLpro) that possesses the ability to antagonize interferon immune pathways through the removal of ubiquitin and interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15) from target proteins. The lack of CoV proteases with attenuated deISGylase activity has been a key obstacle in delineating the impact between deubiquitinase and deISGylase activities on viral host evasion and pathogenesis. Here, biophysical techniques revealed that MERS-CoV PLpro chiefly engages human ISG15 through its C-terminal domain. The first structure of MERS-CoV PLpro in complex with this domain exposed the interface between these two entities. Employing these structural insights, mutations were employed to selectively remove deISGylase activity with no appreciable impact on its other deubiquitinase and peptide cleavage biochemical properties. Excitingly, this study introduces a new tool to probe the pathogenesis of MERS-CoV and related viruses through the removal of viral deISGylase activity.
Vaccination with Recombinant Parainfluenza Virus 5 Expressing Neuraminidase Protects against Homologous and Heterologous Influenza Virus Challenge
Authors: Mooney Alaina J. , Gabbard Jon D. , Li Zhuo , Dlugolenski Daniel A. , Johnson Scott K. , Tripp Ralph A. , He Biao , Tompkins S. Mark 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTSeasonal human influenza virus continues to cause morbidity and mortality annually, and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses along with other emerging influenza viruses continue to pose pandemic threats. Vaccination is considered the most effective measure for controlling influenza; however, current strategies rely on a precise vaccine match with currently circulating virus strains for efficacy, requiring constant surveillance and regular development of matched vaccines. Current vaccines focus on eliciting specific antibody responses against the hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein; however, the diversity of HAs across species and antigenic drift of circulating strains enable the evasion of virus-inhibiting antibody responses, resulting in vaccine failure. The neuraminidase (NA) surface glycoprotein, while diverse, has a conserved enzymatic site and presents an appealing target for priming broadly effective antibody responses. Here we show that vaccination with parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), a promising live viral vector expressing NA from avian (H5N1) or pandemic (H1N1) influenza virus, elicited NA-specific antibody and T cell responses, which conferred protection against homologous and heterologous influenza virus challenges. Vaccination with PIV5-N1 NA provided cross-protection against challenge with a heterosubtypic (H3N2) virus. Experiments using antibody transfer indicate that antibodies to NA have an important role in protection. These findings indicate that PIV5 expressing NA may be effective as a broadly protective vaccine against seasonal influenza and emerging pandemic threats.IMPORTANCESeasonal influenza viruses cause considerable morbidity and mortality annually, while emerging viruses pose potential pandemic threats. Currently licensed influenza virus vaccines rely on the antigenic match of hemagglutinin (HA) for vaccine strain selection, and most vaccines rely on HA inhibition titers to determine efficacy, despite the growing awareness of the contribution of neuraminidase (NA) to influenza virus vaccine efficacy. Although NA is immunologically subdominant to HA, and clinical studies have shown variable NA responses to vaccination, in this study, we show that vaccination with a parainfluenza virus 5 recombinant vaccine candidate expressing NA (PIV5-NA) from a pandemic influenza (pdmH1N1) virus or highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) virus elicits robust, cross-reactive protection from influenza virus infection in two animal models. New vaccination strategies incorporating NA, including PIV5-NA, could improve seasonal influenza virus vaccine efficacy and provide protection against emerging influenza viruses.
Preparation and characterization of polyaniline–cadmium sulfide nanocomposite for gas sensor application
Authors: Al-Jawad Selma M. H. , Rafic Sewench N. , Muhsen Mustafa M. 
Published: September 2017

Polyaniline (PANI) was prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline monomers as emeraldine salt form. By the same method, polyaniline–cadmium sulfide nanocomposites were synthesized in the presence of different percentages (10–50 wt.%) of cadmium sulfide (CdS) which was prepared by using sol–gel method. The optical band gap was decrease with increasing of CdS concentration, that is obtained from UV-VIS measurements. From SEM and AFM, there is uniform distribution for cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in the PANI matrix. The electrical measurements of nanocomposites exhibit the effect of crystallite size and the high resistivity of CdS on the resistivity of nanocomposites. Emeraldine salt PANI, CdS and PANI–CdS nanocomposites were investigated as gas sensors. From this investigation, the sensitivity of PANI–CdS for NO2 gas increase with the increasing of operation temperature and the optimum sensitivity was obtained at 200[Formula: see text]C. The sensitivity of nanocomposites at best temperature (200[Formula: see text]C) was increased and faster response time with the increasing of CdS contents.
Daily resistance-type exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis in vivo in young men
Authors: Holwerda Andrew M. , Paulussen Kevin J. M. , Overkamp Maarten , Smeets Joey S. J. , Gijsen Annemie P. , Goessens Joy P. B. , Verdijk Lex B. , van Loon Luc J. C. 
Published: September 2017

Resistance-type exercise increases muscle protein synthesis rates during acute postexercise recovery. The impact of resistance-type exercise training on (local) muscle protein synthesis rates under free-living conditions on a day-to-day basis remains unclear. We determined the impact of daily unilateral resistance-type exercise on local myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during a 3-day period. Twelve healthy young men (22 ± 1 yr) were recruited to participate in this study where they performed daily, unilateral resistance-type exercise during a 3-day intervention period. Two days before the exercise training subjects ingested 400 ml deuterated water (2H2O). Additional 50-ml doses of deuterated water were ingested daily during the training period. Saliva and blood samples were collected daily to assess body water and amino acid precursor deuterium enrichments, respectively. Muscle tissue biopsies were collected before and after the 3 days of unilateral resistance-type exercise training from both the exercised and the nonexercised, control leg for the assessment of muscle protein synthesis rates. Deuterated water dosing resulted in a steady-state body water enrichment of 0.70 ± 0.03%. Intramuscular free [2H]alanine enrichment increased up to 1.84 ± 0.06 mole percent excess (MPE) before the exercise training and did not change in both the exercised and control leg during the 3 subsequent exercise training days (2.11 ± 0.11 and 2.19 ± 0.12 MPE, respectively; P > 0.05). Muscle protein synthesis rates averaged 1.984 ± 0.118 and 1.642 ± 0.089%/day in the exercised vs. nonexercised, control leg when assessed over the entire 3-day period ( P < 0.05). Daily resistance-type exercise stimulates (local) muscle protein synthesis in vivo in humans. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that daily resistance-type exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis rates in vivo in humans over multiple days. Whereas acute studies have shown that resistance-type exercise increases muscle protein synthesis rates by 50–100%, we observed a lower impact of resistance-type exercise under free-living conditions. We also compared precursor tracer selection for the calculation of muscle protein synthesis rates and observed that saliva deuterium enrichment serves as an appropriate and practical choice of precursor.
miR-130a Deregulates PTEN and Stimulates Tumor Growth
Authors: Wei Huijun , Cui Ri , Bahr Julian , Zanesi Nicola , Luo Zhenghua , Meng Wei , Liang Guang , Croce Carlo M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
H-RasV12 oncogene has been shown to promote autophagic cell death. Here, we provide evidence of a contextual role for H-RasV12 in cell death that is varied by its effects on miR-130a. In E1A-immortalized murine embryo fibroblasts, acute expression of H-RasV12 promoted apoptosis, but not autophagic cell death. miRNA screens in this system showed that miR-130a was strongly downregulated by H-RasV12 in this model system. Enforced expression of miR-130a increased cell proliferation in part via repression of PTEN. Consistent with this effect, miR-130a overexpression in human breast cancer cells promoted Akt phosphorylation, cell survival, and tumor growth. In clinical specimens of multiple human cancers, expression of miR-130 family members correlated inversely with PTEN expression. Overall, our results defined miR-130a as an oncogenic miRNA that targets PTEN to drive malignant cell survival and tumor growth. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6168–78. ©2017 AACR.
Perivascular Perfusion on Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Is Associated with Inflammation in Patients with Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Kaspar Mathias , Imfeld Stephan , Partovi Sasan , Aschwanden Markus , Baldi Thomas , Dikkes Alexander , Vogt Deborah , Tsakiris Dimitrios , Staub Daniel 
Published: September 2017

Background Inflammatory processes of the venous wall in acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) play a role in thrombus formation and resolution. However, direct evaluation of the perivascular inflammation is currently not feasible.Objective To assess perivascular perfusion in acute proximal DVT using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) reflecting perivenous inflammation and its association with systemic inflammatory markers in a single-centre, prospective observational study.Patients/Methods Twenty patients with proximal DVT underwent CEUS imaging in the thrombosed and contralateral popliteal vein at baseline and after 2 weeks and 3 months. Perfusion was quantified by measuring peak enhancement (PE) and wash-in rate (WiR) in a perivenous region after bolus injection of the contrast agent. High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined at the time of each CEUS imaging.Results PE and WiR were significantly higher in the thrombosed compared with the unaffected leg at baseline (1,007 vs. 34 au and 103 vs. 4 au/s) and 2-week follow-up (903 vs. 35 au and 70 vs. 4 au/s). Compared with baseline, PE and WiR in the thrombosed leg significantly decreased to 217 au and 18 au/s at 3-month follow-up.At baseline, hsCRP and IL-6 were elevated at 20.1 mg/mL and 8.2 pg/mL and decreased significantly to 2.8 mg/mL and 2.6 pg/mL at 2-week follow-up, remaining low after 3 months. There was a weak association between the level of inflammatory markers and the CEUS parameters at baseline on the thrombosed leg.Conclusion Elevated perivascular perfusion assessed by CEUS imaging is associated with the inflammatory response in acute DVT.
Spinal Arteriolosclerosis Is Common in Older Adults and Associated With Parkinsonism
Authors: Buchman Aron S. , Leurgans Sue E. , Nag Sukriti , VanderHorst Veronique G.J.M. , Kapasi Alifiya , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. 
Published: September 2017

Background and Purpose—
There are few studies of spinal microvascular pathologies in older adults. We characterized spinal cord microvascular pathologies and examined their associations with other spinal and brain postmortem indices and parkinsonism in older adults.

Methods—
We documented 3 features of microvascular pathologies in spinal cord and brain specimens from 165 deceased older participants. We also measured spinal white matter pallor. Parkinsonian signs were assessed with a modified version of the motor section of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. We examined the associations of spinal arteriolosclerosis with other spinal and brain postmortem indices and parkinsonism proximate to death using regression models which controlled for age and sex.

Results—

Microinfarcts and cerebral amyloid angiopathy were not observed within the spinal cord parenchyma. Spinal arteriolosclerosis was observed at all spinal levels (C7, T7, L4, S4) examined and was more severe posteriorly than anteriorly (posterior: 4.3, SD=0.72 versus anterior: 3.9, SD=0.74;
t
=14.58;
P
<0.001). Arteriolosclerosis was more severe in the spinal cord than in the brain (cord: 4.10, SD=0.70; brain: 3.5, SD=0.98;
t
=10.39;
P
<0.001). The severity of spinal arteriolosclerosis was associated with spinal white matter pallor (
r
=0.47;
P
<0.001). Spinal arteriolosclerosis accounted for ≈3% of the variation in parkinsonism in models controlling for age, sex, brain arteriolosclerosis, and cerebrovascular disease pathologies. Further models showed that the association of spinal arteriolosclerosis and parkinsonism was not mediated via spinal white matter pallor.

Conclusions—
Although the regional distribution of microvascular pathologies varies within the central nervous system, spinal arteriolosclerosis is common and may contribute to the severity of spinal white matter pallor and parkinsonism in older adults.
Sharing and Preserving the Resources in the Deep Sea: Challenges for the International Seabed Authority
Authors: Lodge Michael W. , Segerson Kathleen , Squires Dale 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The development of mineral resources in the deep sea can potentially generate significant economic returns, but also raises governance challenges. The International Seabed Authority (isa) wrestles with a wide range of issues and complex interactions that may affect not only how the industry develops over time, but also how development will benefit mankind. Two key issues they face are the means for sharing the payments from deep sea mining (dsm), and protecting environmental resources in the deep sea from harmful effects. This article provides an overview of issues for deciding among alternative means of distributing the isa’s share of monetary returns that will be realized as deep sea mineral resources, how they are converted from natural assets into financial assets, and alternative approaches to ensure that exploitation of these resources does not come at the expense of mankind also benefiting from the environmental resources provided by the deep sea.
A pilot survey on an understanding of point of care bedside ultrasound (POCUS) among medical doctors in internal medicine: Exposure, perceptions, interest and barriers to training
Authors: Peh Wee Ming , Kang Mei Ling 
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Clinical bedside point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is an important adjunct to history and physical examination. The objective of this pilot survey is to assess the level of exposure, perceptions, interest levels and possible barriers toward training of POCUS in internal medicine. Methods: In October 2015, all medical doctors who were working in the Singapore General Hospital Internal Medicine Department were invited to complete a hard-copy printed 27-question Likert-scale survey. Results: A total of 124 medical doctors participated in the survey (response rate 82.1%). The proportions of participants who have heard, witnessed, and performed POCUS were 65.6% ( N = 82), 71.2% ( N = 89) and 41.6% ( N = 52), respectively. POCUS was rated highly on usefulness in the practice of internal medicine ( M = 8.74; SD = 1.34). The top three POCUS skills that doctors would like to acquire would be (1) procedural guidance POCUS (70.8%); (2) point-of-care cardiac ultrasound (69%) and (3) lung ultrasound 58.4% (based on percentage ranked first through third). The sample mean of interest in undergoing further training in POCUS is 8.91 (SD = 1.27) (0 = not interested, 10 = very interested). The top three barriers identified were (1) lack of an ultrasound machine ( M = 7.98 SD = 2.28); (2) cost of an ultrasound machine ( M = 7.79 SD = 2.19) and (3) lack of a formal training curriculum ( M = 7.25 SD = 2.08) (0 = not a barrier at all, 10 = severe barrier). Conclusions: There is a high level of exposure and interest in POCUS. Doctors perceived bedside POCUS as very useful in the practice of internal medicine. A lack of machine and formal curriculum impedes development of a training program. This pilot survey may serve as a basic needs assessment to an implementation of an internal medicine POCUS training curriculum.