bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Definition of the Labile Capping Bond Effect in Lanthanide Complexes
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Aurora , Regueiro‐Figueroa Martín , Esteban‐Gómez David , Rodríguez‐Blas Teresa , Patinec Véronique , Tripier Raphaël , Tircsó Gyula , Carniato Fabio , Botta Mauro , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo macrocyclic ligands containing a cyclen unit, a methyl group, a picolinate arm, and two acetate pendant arms attached to two nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle either in trans (1,7‐H3Medo2 ampa = 2,2′‐(7‐((6‐carboxypyridin‐2‐yl)methyl)‐10‐methyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4‐diyl)diacetic acid) or in cis (1,4‐H3Medo2 ampa) positions are reported. These ligands provide eight‐coordination to the Ln3+ ions, leaving a coordination position available for a water molecule that occupies a capping position in the twisted square antiprismatic polyhedron (1,4‐H3Medo2 ampa) or one of the positions of the square antiprism (1,7‐H3Medo2 ampa). The charge neutral [Gd(1,7‐Medo2 ampa)] complex presents an unprecedentedly low water‐exchange rate (kex298=8.8×103 s−1), whereas water exchange in [Gd(1,4‐Medo2 ampa)] is three orders of magnitude faster (kex298=6.6×106 s−1). These results showcase the labile capping bond phenomenon: A ligand occupying a capping position is hindered by the environment and thus is intrinsically labile.
A Highly Stable and Insensitive Fused Triazolo–Triazine Explosive (TTX)
Authors: Kumar Dheeraj , Imler Gregory H. , Parrish Damon A. , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA fused‐ring conjugated energetic molecule, 4‐amino‐3,7‐dinitro‐[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐c] [1,2,4]triazine (TTX), has been synthesized in good yield in a two‐step process starting from the known 5‐amino‐3‐nitro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole (ANTA). Characterization of TTX shows that it possesses energetic properties approaching those of 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (RDX), but with a higher thermal stability and lower sensitivity towards impact and friction.
Mesityl‐Substituted Acene Radical Cations: Decent Stability Comparable to Their Neutral States under Ambient Light and Air
Authors: Uebe Masashi , Kawashima Kenji , Takahashi Kazuki , Ito Akihiro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAnthracene, tetracene, and pentacene, with moderately bulky mesityl substituents revealed that their photochemical stability in solution under ambient light and air conditions is comparable to that of the corresponding neutral state, thus indicating the possibility of persistent acene radical cations.
Characterization of a Cell‐Penetrating Peptide with Potential Anticancer Activity
Authors: Gronewold Anja , Horn Mareike , Ranđelović Ivan , Tóvári József , Muñoz Vázquez Sergio , Schomäcker Klaus , Neundorf Ines 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) are still an interesting and viable alternative for drug delivery applications. CPPs contain considerably high amounts of positively charged amino acids, imparting them with cationic character. Tumor cells are characterized by an enhanced anionic nature of their membrane surface, a property that could be used by CPPs to target these cells. We recently identified a branched CPP that displays a high internalization capacity while exhibiting selectivity for certain tumor cell types. In this study we elucidated this observation in greater detail by investigating the underlying mechanism behind the cellular uptake of this peptide. An additional cytotoxicity screen against several cancer cell lines indeed demonstrates high cytotoxic activity against cancer cells over normal fibroblasts. Furthermore, we show that this feature can be used for delivering the anticancer drug actinomycin D with high efficiency in the MCF‐7 cancer cell line.
The role of adjuvant radiotherapy in pathologically lymph node‐positive prostate cancer
Authors: Jegadeesh Naresh , Liu Yuan , Zhang Chao , Zhong Jim , Cassidy Richard J. , Gillespie Theresa , Kucuk Omer , Rossi Peter , Master Viraj A. , Alemozaffar Mehrdad , Jani Ashesh B. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDPostoperative management of prostate cancer with lymph node involvement (LNI) is controversial. Retrospective evidence supports the selective use of radiotherapy (RT) after extended pelvic lymph node dissection. It is unclear whether this is generalizable to practice in the United States, where extended dissection is uncommon. The authors identified patients with LNI who potentially could derive a survival benefit with adjuvant RT plus androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT).METHODSPatients with N1M0 prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and subsequently received ADT from 2003 through 2011 were identified from the National Cancer Database. Kaplan‐Meier analyses, log‐rank tests, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression were performed using overall survival (OS) as the primary outcome.RESULTSIn total, 906 of 2569 eligible patients (35.3%) received RT, and RT was more frequently received by patients who were diagnosed in later years, had fewer positive lymph nodes, had involved surgical margins, and were aged <65 years (all P < .05). The 5‐year OS rate was 87% versus 82% in those who received RT versus those who did not (P = .007). After propensity score matching, 826 patients remained in each cohort. RT retained an association with OS (5‐year OS: 88% vs 81%; P = .009; hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.10‐1.86; P = .008). No interaction was identified between the effect of RT on OS across tested strata of total lymph nodes examined, lymph node ratio, total number of positive lymph nodes, margin status, Gleason score, and prostate‐specific antigen.CONCLUSIONSRT plus ADT was associated with improved OS after RP in patients with LNI. These results may help guide therapy in the absence of randomized evidence. Cancer 2017;123:512–520. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Improved Radio‐Frequency Magneto‐Optical Trap of SrF Molecules
Authors: Steinecker Matthew H. , McCarron Daniel J. , Zhu Yuqi , DeMille David 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report the production of ultracold, trapped strontium monofluoride (SrF) molecules with number density and phase‐space density significantly higher than previously achieved. These improvements are enabled by three distinct changes to our recently‐demonstrated scheme for radio‐frequency magneto‐optical trapping of SrF: modification of the slowing laser beam geometry, addition of an optical pumping laser, and incorporation of a compression stage to the magneto‐optical trap. With these improvements, we observe a trapped sample of SrF molecules at density 2.5×105 cm−3 and phase‐space density 6×10−14, each a factor of 4 greater than in previous work. Under different experimental conditions, we observe trapping of up to 104 molecules, a factor of 5 greater than in previous work. Finally, by reducing the intensity of the applied trapping light, we observe molecular temperatures as low as 250 μK.
Fast and Efficient Neural Conversion of Human Hematopoietic Cells
Authors: Bruzos‐Cidon Cristina , Castaño Julio , Torrecilla Maria , Sanchez‐Pernaute Rosario , Giorgetti Alessandra 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA major challenge in regenerative medicine is the generation of functionally effective target cells to replace or repair damaged tissues. The finding that most somatic cells can be directly converted into cells of another lineage by the expression of specific transcription factors has paved the way to novel applications. Induced neurons (iNs) represent an alternative source of neurons for disease modeling, drug screening, and potentially, for cell replacement therapy. This unit describes methods for the efficient conversion of blood cells into iNs, including protocols to isolate cord blood CD133+ cells, infect them with Sendai virus vectors that express SOX2 and c‐MYC, and differentiate the infected cells (PB‐MNCs) into mature neurons. A method to reprogram peripheral blood mononuclear cells into iNs is also described. Support protocols describe how to culture rat astrocytes and characterize the electrophysiology of iNs. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
cGMP Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Messenger RNA
Authors: Ni Yuhui , Zhao Yuanyuan , Warren Luigi , Higginbotham Jennifer , Wang Jiwu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractReprogramming somatic cells to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has presented the biomedical community with a powerful platform to develop new models for human disease. To fully realize the promise of this technology in cell therapy and regenerative medicine, creating iPSCs under current Good Manufacture Practice (cGMP) conditions is paramount. Some reports have described efforts in this regard, resulting in iPSC lines that are cGMP compliant. The technology developed at Allele Biotechnology for footprint‐free, feeder‐free, and xeno‐free reprogramming using only mRNA is very suitable for creating iPSC lines through an established cGMP process. This technology has resulted in a licensing agreement between Allele Biotechnology and Ocata (formerly ACT, now a wholly owned division of Astellas) for clinical applications. All reagents and vessels are certified as cGMP‐produced, all equipment and software are certifiable, and all procedures are carried out in Industry ISO 7 or Class 10,000‐grade cleanrooms. In this revised version of the unit, we describe the core improvements to implement steps toward cGMP‐compliant generation of iPSCs. Recreating a process close to cGMP production in academic research will make these findings more applicable to translational research. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Efficient Generation of Viral and Integration‐Free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Oligodendrocytes
Authors: Espinosa‐Jeffrey Araceli , Blanchi Bruno , Biancotti Juan Carlos , Kumar Shalini , Hirose Megumi , Mandefro Berhan , Talavera‐Adame Dodanim , Benvenisty Nissim , de Vellis Jean 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHere we document three highly reproducible protocols: (1) a culture system for the derivation of human oligodendrocytes (OLs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS) and their further maturation—our protocol generates viral‐ and integration‐free OLs that efficiently commit and move forward in the OL lineage, recapitulating all the steps known to occur during in vivo development; (2) a method for the isolation, propagation and maintenance of neural stem cells (NSCs); and (3) a protocol for the production, isolation, and maintenance of OLs from perinatal rodent and human brain‐derived NSCs. Our unique culture systems rely on a series of chemically defined media, specifically designed and carefully characterized for each developmental stage of OL as they advance from OL progenitors to mature, myelinating cells. We are confident that these protocols bring our field a step closer to efficient autologous cell replacement therapies and disease modeling. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Safe and Ecological Refluxing with a Closed‐Loop Air Cooling System
Authors: Böhmdorfer Stefan , Eilenberger Gottfried , Zweckmair Thomas , Sumerskii Ivan , Potthast Antje , Rosenau Thomas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOff‐the‐shelf computer cooling hardware was used to construct a closed‐loop air cooling system (CLACS) that is distinguished by scalability, low energy, and no tap water consumption. Constructed to be generally used with laboratory condensers, the system was tested with several common low and high boiling solvents and showed a condensation performance equivalent to conventional tap water cooling. Reaction yields were therefore unaffected. Also, long‐lasting Soxhlet extractions showed no performance loss relative to conventional cooling. Optionally, the device can be assembled from low‐voltage components and be powered from a battery, rendering it independent of the main power. Both investment and running costs are minimal, allowing a lab‐wide adoption and elimination of the two major drawbacks of commonly employed tap water cooling: waste of drinking water and the risk of flooding.
In Situ Generated Zinc(II) Catalyst for Incorporation of CO2 into 2‐Oxazolidinones with Propargylic Amines at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Liu Xi , Wang Mei‐Yan , Wang Si‐Yuan , Wang Qi , He Liang‐Nian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIncorporation of CO2 into heterocyclic compounds (i.e., 2‐oxazolidinones) under mild conditions, especially at atmospheric pressure still remains challenging. The mononuclear ZnII complex ZnCl2(TBD)2, where TBD=1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene, in this study was demonstrated as a robust catalyst for the carboxylative cyclization of propargylic amines with CO2 to exclusively afford various 2‐oxazolidinones in excellent yields. Notably, the ZnII catalytic species is readily generated in situ from ZnCl2 and TBD without pre‐preparation and further isolation. Such a CO2 fixation protocol could proceed smoothly under atmospheric pressure at mild temperature in an atom economic and environmentally benign manner. 13C NMR and control experiments were performed to explore the possible interaction between ZnII and the carbon–carbon triple bond of propargylic amine. The dual catalytic role of the Zn catalyst to enhance O‐nucleophilicity of the carbamate anion intermediate and activate the carbon–carbon triple bond is proposed based on mechanistic investigations.
Selective One‐Pot Production of High‐Grade Diesel‐Range Alkanes from Furfural and 2‐Methylfuran over Pd/NbOPO4
Authors: Xia Qineng , Xia Yinjiang , Xi Jinxu , Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Yongguang , Guo Yong , Wang Yanqin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA one‐pot method for the selective production of high‐grade diesel‐range alkanes from biomass‐derived furfural and 2‐methylfuran (2‐MF) was developed by combining the hydroxyalkylation/alkylation (HAA) condensation of furfural with 2‐MF and the subsequent hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) over a multifunctional Pd/NbOPO4 catalyst. The effects of various reaction conditions as well as a variety of solid‐acid catalysts and metal‐loaded NbOPO4 catalysts were systematically investigated to optimize the reaction conditions for both reactions. Under the optimal reaction conditions up to 89.1 % total yield of diesel‐range alkanes was obtained from furfural and 2‐MF by this one‐pot method.
Shifts in landscape ecohydrological structural–functional relationship driven by experimental manipulations and ecological interactions
Authors: Hoffman Oren , Yizhaq Hezi , Boeken Bertrand 
Published: November 2016

AbstractVegetation structure and patchiness are central controllers of ecohydrological function in semiarid regions. The feedback interactions between vegetation patchiness and water redistribution make semiarid ecosystems sensitive to state‐shifts, where nonlinearities appear in the structure–function correlations. Hydrological connectivity of runoff sources is functionally important for source–sink interactions over a range of spatial scales and plays a key role in ecosystem state‐shifts. Accordingly, the study of the functional responses of ecosystems to changes in connectivity is important for assessing the system's resilience in response to drivers of degradation. We used runoff data collected over 18 years in experimentally manipulated plots to study both the primary functional response to the manipulations and the changes in both structure and function over two decades. By comparing simultaneous changes in woody and herbaceous cover, biocrust cover and connectivity, and runoff yield, we examined the interactions among the different cover classes and assessed the functional consequences of these interactions. The manipulated changes in vegetation and biocrust cover caused large differences in runoff yields, with positive correlation between biocrust cover and runoff. However, changes in vegetation patterns reduced these differences, as the spread of herbaceous plant cover, at the expense of biocrust and woody cover, caused a shift in the cover–runoff relationship. The landscape was resilient to degradation due to rapid shrub growth in locations of high biocrust cover. On the other hand, a positive feedback of herbaceous plant cover replacing shrub cover caused a state‐shift, likely driven by a combination of drought recurrence and cessation of grazing.
Losers, winners, and opportunists: How grassland land‐use intensity affects orthopteran communities
Authors: Chisté Melanie N. , Mody Karsten , Gossner Martin M. , Simons Nadja K. , Köhler Günter , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Blüthgen Nico 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLand use and corresponding habitat loss are major drivers of local species extinctions. Orthoptera as important grassland herbivores showed different responses to land‐use intensity in different studies, and the susceptibility of this group remains unclear. We sampled annually for seven years 150 temperate grassland sites across three regions in Germany, for which land‐use gradients were quantified as mowing, grazing, and fertilization intensity. We analyzed the effects of land‐use intensity on orthopteran diversity and community abundance. To describe species‐specific responses to environmental gradients, we employed a new approach termed “niche model,” coupled with a randomization procedure, which is sensitive even for rare species for which trends may otherwise be difficult to detect. Based on abundance‐weighted means for each species, we quantified the species' occurrence along land‐use gradients and identified potential losers and winners of intensive land use. Overall, high land‐use intensity negatively affected orthopteran diversity across years and regions, corresponding to decreases with high fertilization, mowing, and grazing intensity. Intensive mowing and grazing negatively affected abundance. Diversity and abundance increased with the time after the last cut. The niche model detected 15 of 29 Orthoptera species as losers of land use, showing significantly higher abundance in grasslands with low‐intensity land use. Two species were winners of high land‐use intensity, whereas the remaining 12 were assigned as opportunists. Most species were losers of high fertilization intensity, followed by frequent mowing. Grazing intensity was least detrimental at the species level. Omnivorous, herbivorous, and graminivorous species did not differ in their response to land‐use intensity, whereas bryovorous/lichenivorous Tetrix species showed consistently negative responses to intensive land use. Our highly replicated, long‐term and large‐scale survey suggests that further land‐use intensification threatens many Orthoptera and causes a consistent diversity loss. Low intensity of fertilization, infrequent mowing, and variable grazing will help to maintain a high diversity of orthopterans. The generality of our niche model approach advances studies on species' susceptibility in various study systems.
Response of understory vegetation to salvage logging following a high‐severity wildfire
Authors: Knapp Eric E. , Ritchie Martin W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTimber is frequently salvage‐logged following high‐severity stand‐replacing wildfire, but the practice is controversial. One concern is that compound disturbances could result in more deleterious impacts than either disturbance individually, with mechanical operations having the potential to set back recovering native species and increase invasion by non‐native species. Following the 2002 Cone Fire on the Lassen National Forest, three replicates of five salvage treatments were applied to 15 units formerly dominated by ponderosa pine, covering a range of disturbance intensities from unsalvaged to 100% salvaged. Understory species richness and cover data were collected every two years between 2006 and 2012. Richness of both native and non‐native species did not differ among salvage treatments, but both showed strong changes over time. While cover of forbs and graminoids did not differ with salvage treatment, cover of shrubs was significantly reduced at the higher salvage intensities. The three main shrub species are all stimulated to germinate by fire, potentially leaving seedlings vulnerable to any mechanical disturbance occurring immediately postgermination. Many other native perennial species emerge from rhizomes or other deeply buried underground structures and appear to be less affected by salvage harvest. Over time, the plant community in all salvage treatments shifted from dominance by shrubs and forbs to shrubs and grasses. Most of the grasses were native, exceptBromus tectorum(cheatgrass), which was found in 4% of measurement quadrats in 2006 and 52% in 2012. Our results indicated that understory vegetation change 4–10 years post‐high‐severity wildfire appeared to be influenced more strongly by factors other than salvage logging.
AMF, phylogeny, and succession: specificity of response to mycorrhizal fungi increases for late‐successional plants
Authors: Koziol Liz , Bever James D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities are important to plant community productivity and diversity; however, the importance of AM fungal composition to community dynamics remains largely unknown. Specificity of plant response to different AM fungal species is a prerequisite for AM fungal composition to have an effect on plant community dynamics. We test determinants of specificity of plant response to AM fungi across six early‐ and six late‐successional tallgrass prairie plants by growing them with one of seven different AM fungal species and a non‐inoculated control. We found that late‐successional species were more responsive, and demonstrated greater specificity, toward individual AM fungal taxa than early‐successional species. There was no phylogenetic signal for plant responsiveness or specificity of plant response. Phylogenetic multiple regressions indicated that successional stage, plant growth rate, and overall responsiveness were significant predictors of fungal specificity independent of shared phylogeny. These results suggest that plant response to mycorrhizal fungi is evolutionarily labile and coevolves with plant life history. Our results also suggest that AM fungal community dynamics can be particularly important for the establishment and subsequent dynamics of late‐successional plants.
Development of duration‐dependent damage‐based inelastic response spectra
Authors: Yaghmaei‐Sabegh Saman , Makaremi Sahar 
Published: November 2016

SummaryA simple relationship is proposed in this paper to construct damage‐based inelastic response spectra including the effect of ground motion duration that it can be used for damage control in seismic design of structures. This relation is established for three groups of ground motions with short‐duration, moderate‐duration, and long‐duration ranges. To develop the model, the duration effect is included in the cyclic ductility of structures by an energy‐based method, and then strength reduction factors are computed based on this modified ductility (named
). The strength reduction factors were calculated for 44 stiffness‐degrading oscillators having vibration periods between 0.05 and 4.0 s, four ultimate ductility capacities, and five damage levels subjected to 296 earthquake records. The results showed that ductility capacity, damage level, and ground motion duration are effective parameters in the energy dissipation of structures, which affect the
spectra. The
values of short‐period oscillators (e.g., low‐rise structures) under short‐duration records are generally greater than those under moderate‐duration and long‐duration records. Residual analysis has been made in terms of magnitude and distance to examine the validity of the proposed simple expression. Finally, the introduced
spectra were compared with three previously published proposals. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.