bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open Abdomen Treated with Negative Pressure Wound Therapy: Indications, Management and Survival
Authors: Seternes A. , Rekstad L. C. , Mo S. , Klepstad P. , Halvorsen D. L. , Dahl T. , Björck M. , Wibe A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundOpen abdomen treatment (OAT) is a significant burden for patients and is associated with considerable mortality. The primary aim of this study was to report survival and cause of mortality after OAT. Secondary aims were to evaluate length of stay (LOS) in intensive care unit (ICU) and in hospital, time to abdominal closure and major complications.MethodsRetrospective review of prospectively registered patients undergoing OAT between October 2006 and June 2014 at Trondheim University Hospital, Norway.ResultsThe 118 patients with OAT had a median age of 63 (20–88) years. OAT indications were abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) (n = 53), prophylactic (n = 29), abdominal contamination/second look laparotomy (n = 22), necrotizing fasciitis (n = 7), hemorrhage packing (n = 4) and full‐thickness wound dehiscence (n = 3). Eight percent were trauma patients. Vacuum‐assisted wound closure (VAWC) with mesh‐mediated traction (VAWCM) was used in 92 (78 %) patients, the remaining 26 (22 %) had VAWC only. Per‐protocol primary fascial closure rate was 84 %. Median time to abdominal closure was 12 days (1–143). LOS in the ICU was 15 (1–89), and in hospital 29 (1–246) days. Eighty‐one (68 %) patients survived the hospital stay. Renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) (OR 3.9, 95 % CI 1.37–11.11), ACS (OR 3.1, 95 % CI 1.19–8.29) and advanced age (OR 1.045, 95 % CI 1.004–1.088) were independent predictors of mortality in multivariate analysis. The nine patients with an entero‐atmospheric fistula (EAF) survived.ConclusionTwo‐thirds of the patients treated with OAT survived. Renal failure with RRT, ACS and advanced age were predictors of mortality, whereas EAF was not associated with increased mortality.
Seasonal Variations in Lipid Content, Fatty Acid Composition and Nutritional Profiles of Five Freshwater Fish from the Amazon Basin
Authors: Petenuci Maria Eugênia , Rocha Iolanda do Nascimento Araújo , de Sousa Sueli Caetano , Schneider Vanessa Vivian Almeida , da Costa Luiz Antonio Mendonça Alves , Visentainer Jesuí Vergilio 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFish from the Amazon Basin are affected by oscillations in the river water volume, which influences the diet of animal species. This study was aimed at evaluating seasonal variations in lipid content, fatty acid composition and nutritional profiles of five fish species from the Amazon Basin. The lipid contents of all fish species were observed to be lower in flood periods than in drought periods;Brachyplatystoma flavicansshowed the largest variation (6.75–15.43 %) between these periods, whileColossoma macropomumshowed no significant difference (p> 0.05). The fatty acid composition in the five fish species varied throughout seasonal periods; saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents decreased in flood periods, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents significantly (p< 0.05) increased for all the species in the same period.Leporinus fridericishowed the highest content of α‐linolenic acid, (LNA 14.86 mg g−1) andColossoma macropomumpresented the highest content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 26.13 mg g−1) in flood periods.Prochilodus nigricansshowed the lowest content of arachidonic acid (AA) in both periods, whileBrachyplatystoma flavicansshowed the greatest amount of AA, 18.77 mg g−1in drought period and 22.10 mg g−1in flood period. All the fish species presented favorable indices of nutritional quality of lipid fraction, suggesting that consumption of these species could be considered beneficial to human health.
Spatial Variation in the Quality of American Community Survey Estimates
Authors: Folch David C. , Arribas-Bel Daniel , Koschinsky Julia , Spielman Seth E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSocial science research, public and private sector decisions, and allocations of federal resources often rely on data from the American Community Survey (ACS). However, this critical data source has high uncertainty in some of its most frequently used estimates. Using 2006–2010 ACS median household income estimates at the census tract scale as a test case, we explore spatial and nonspatial patterns in ACS estimate quality. We find that spatial patterns of uncertainty in the northern United States differ from those in the southern United States, and they are also different in suburbs than in urban cores. In both cases, uncertainty is lower in the former than the latter. In addition, uncertainty is higher in areas with lower incomes. We use a series of multivariate spatial regression models to describe the patterns of association between uncertainty in estimates and economic, demographic, and geographic factors, controlling for the number of responses. We find that these demographic and geographic patterns in estimate quality persist even after we account for the number of responses. Our results indicate that data quality varies across places, making cross-sectional analysis both within and across regions less reliable. Finally, we present advice for data users and potential solutions to the challenges identified.
Health System Response and Adaptation to the Largest Sandstorm in the Middle East
Authors: Irfan Furqan B. , Pathan Sameer A. , Bhutta Zain A. , Abbasy Mohamed E. , Elmoheen Amr , Elsaeidy Abdallah M. , Tariq Tooba , Hugelmeyer Charles D. , Dardouri Habib , Bad Shah Noor Bibi Khial , Daniel Colene Y. , Silva Ashwin D. , Farook Kaleelullah S. , Sharma Yogdutt , Thomas Stephen H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe State of Qatar experienced a sandstorm on the night of April 1, 2015, lasting approximately 12 hours, with winds of more than 100 km/h and average particulate matter of approximately 10 μm in diameter. The emergency department (ED) of the main tertiary hospital in Qatar managed 62% of the total emergency calls and those of higher triage order. The peak load of patients during the event manifested approximately 6 hours after the onset. The Major Emergency Command Centre of the hospital ensured the department was maximally organized in terms of disaster management, and established protocols were brought into action. Multiple timely meetings were convened in efforts to effectively execute plans that included rapid emergency medical services handover time, resourcing staff, maximizing bed space, preventing dust entry in the ED, bypassing certain administrative processes, canceling day-surgeries that did not affect inpatient morbidity, and procuring additional respiratory equipment. Patients arrived mainly with exacerbations of asthma and respiratory distress, ophthalmic emergencies, and vehicular trauma; surprisingly, the incidence of pedestrian injuries did not vary. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:227–238)
Effect of surfactant on motion and deformation of compound droplets in arbitrary unbounded Stokes flows
Authors: Mandal Shubhadeep , Ghosh Uddipta , Chakraborty Suman 
Published: August 2016

This study deals with the motion and deformation of a compound drop system, subject to arbitrary but Stokesian far-field flow conditions, in the presence of bulk-insoluble surfactants. We derive solutions for fluid velocities and the resulting surfactant concentrations, assuming the capillary number and surface Péclet number to be small, as compared with unity. We first focus on a concentric drop configuration and apply Lamb’s general solution, assuming the far-field flow to be arbitrary in nature. As representative case studies, we consider two cases: (i) flow dynamics in linear flows and (ii) flow dynamics in a Poiseuille flow, although for the latter case, the concentric configuration does not remain valid in general. We further look into the effective viscosity of a dilute suspension of compound drops, subject to linear ambient flow, and compare our predictions with previously reported experiments. Subsequently, the eccentric drop configuration is addressed by using a bipolar coordinate system where the far-field flow is assumed to be axisymmetric but otherwise arbitrary in nature. As a specific example for eccentric drop dynamics, we focus on Poiseuille flow and study the drop migration velocities. Our analysis shows that the presence of surfactant generally opposes the imposed flows, thereby acting like an effective augmented viscosity. Our analysis reveals that maximizing the effects of surfactant makes the drops behave like solid particles suspended in a medium. However, in uniaxial extensional flow, the presence of surfactants on the inner drop, in conjunction with the drop radius ratio, leads to a host of interesting and non-monotonic behaviours for the interface deformation. For eccentric drops, the effect of eccentricity only becomes noticeable after it surpasses a certain critical value, and becomes most prominent when the two interfaces approach each other. We further depict that surfactant and eccentricity generally tend to suppress each other’s effects on the droplet migration velocities.
A Study on Hydromagnetic Pulsating Flow of a Nanofluid in a Porous Channel With Thermal Radiation
Authors: Vijayalakshmi A. , Srinivas S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe present study investigates the hydromagnetic pulsating nanofluid flow in a porous channel with thermal radiation. In this work, we considered water as the base fluid and silver (Ag), copper (Cu), alumina (Al2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as nanoparticles. The Maxwell-Garnetts and Brinkman models are used to evaluate the effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of the nanofluid. The governing equations are solved analytically and the influence of various parameters on velocity, temperature and heat transfer rate has been discussed through graphical results. From the results, it is found that the rate of heat transfer enhances with an increase of nanoparticle volume fraction. Further, the heat transfer rate is higher for silver nanoparticles as compared with copper, alumina and titanium dioxide.
The effects of work social support and career adaptability on career satisfaction and turnover intentions
Authors: Karatepe Osman M , Olugbade Olusegun A 
Published: August 2016

AbstractApplying career construction theory, this study develops and tests a research model that investigates whether career adaptability mediates the effect of work social support on career satisfaction and turnover intentions. Data obtained from frontline hotel employees with a 2-week time lag in three waves in Nigeria were used to assess the previously mentioned relationships. The results from structural equation modeling suggest that work social support boosts career adaptability and career satisfaction, while it mitigates turnover intentions. Surprisingly, the results suggest that career adaptability triggers turnover intentions, while it has no bearing on career satisfaction. The results further suggest that career adaptability partially mediates the relationship between work social support and turnover intentions.
Spatiotemporal Variability in ΔR in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, USA
Authors: Hadden Carla S , Cherkinsky Alexander 
Published: August 2016

AbstractStrombus alatus and Busycon sinistrum are large marine gastropods that are frequently recovered from archaeological contexts in southeastern North America. We previously proposed a reservoir age offset (ΔR) for B. sinistrum from the northern Gulf of Mexico region based on known-age pre-bomb 20th-century specimens. We also reported significant variability in radiocarbon both among and within S. alatus specimens, which precluded a reliable estimation of ΔR for this taxon. In this paper, we present a complementary data set from archaeological contexts to re-evaluate marine reservoir effects in the northern Gulf Coast region at multiple spatial and temporal scales. The new data set consists of a total of 13 14C age determinations from well-associated marine (B. sinistrum and S. alatus) and terrestrial (Odocoileus virginianus) samples from a closed context at the Bayou St. John (1BA21) archaeological site. We suggest a slightly updated ∆R value of –2±53 14C yr for late Holocene-age B. sinistrum from the northern Gulf Coast region. S. alatus, and possibly other species of strombid conchs, are poor candidates for 14C dating due to the highly variable 14C content observed within and among specimens. Though subregional variability in inputs of 14C-depleted waters is likely, life-history factors related to ontogenetic niche and/or habitat shifts appear to be a major influence in shell 14C for S. alatus.
The Implications for British Insurance, Particularly Long-Term Business, of Joining the European Common Market.
Authors: Oppé T. H. M. 
Published: August 2016

The right way to negotiate with Europe is the way in which, at its best, the Common Market has handled its own problems. One should start from the view that there is a collective European interest to be served, as there always is. One should then make sure that the separate national interests are reconciled with the interests of Europe. Only a man who thinks in European terms can make this adjustment of national and European interests successfully.The Times—29 July 1970.This paper must be forward-looking. To dwell on the past, and even the present, would fill many pages to little purpose. The author is convinced after reviewing many files of documents that the European Common Market would not have gone forward if its founders had allowed themselves to be sidetracked by narrow interests. This perhaps sounds ominous to experts in particular fields, such as actuaries, for it is not always a happy position when political motives may overrule, or cut short, technical considerations. But the concept of the Common Market is a political one and this is becoming more apparent as the years roll on. The collective European interest will prevail but that does not mean that British philosophy and practice cannot make a distinguished contribution to European thought in the field of insurance, particularly life assurance. In practical terms, it is clearly not possible to argue for the adoption of British practice in its entirety. But I do believe that unless the profession takes every opportunity to argue the merits of our own ways of providing life assurance in the private sector, we may well live to regret the omission.
An Arithmetic Version of the Financial Times Industrial Ordinary Share Index.
Authors: Marks Peter , Stuart Alan 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis paper investigates the recalculation from its base date of theFinancial TimesIndex of Industrial Ordinary Shares (hereafter called theFTIndex) using the ordinary arithmetic mean of the values of its constituents, rather than the geometric mean that is actually used in its calculation. The value of this arithmetic version of theFTIndex represents that of a portfolio invested equally in each of the original constituents at the base date. The behaviour of the recalculated index may therefore be described in portfolio terms.The arithmeticized index has been calculated at each end-year since the base date of theFTIndex (1 July 1935). By the end of 1970 its value was 38% higher than that of the (geometric)FTIndex. The percentage by which the new index exceeded the original was found to have increased approximately linearly with time; a least-squares linear fit over the whole period indicated that the percentage excess of the arithmetic version over the original index had increased on average by 0·8% a year. A separate fit for the period from end-1960 onwards shows that this rate had increased to 2·7% per year, and even over the period since 1950, it has been 1·1% per year. Use of these relationships gives a rough adjustment of theFTIndex for portfolio comparison purposes.We also calculated a series of arithmetic indices with base dates at the end of each year since the original base date of theFTIndex. In the majority of calendar years since its foundation, theFTIndex has not fallen far behind the corresponding arithmetic version over the twelve month period. However, over periods of more than a year, the geometric and arithmetic indices can show dramatically different results, particularly if the percentage change in the index value is considered. It is clear that longer-term changes in the value of theFTIndex cannot be interpreted as the changes that would have occurred in the value of a portfolio equally invested in the thirty constituent shares at the beginning of the period.None of these findings affects the usefulness of theFTIndex for its original purpose, as a sensitive daily indicator of changes in the industrial ordinary share market. It is purely its long-run use as a portfolio standard that is misleading. For this purpose the more recently instituted arithmetic indices are likely to be useful in the future. Meanwhile, our arithmeticizedFTIndex values may be useful to correct the downward drift imposed on theFTIndex by its geometric construction.
Standing Distant from the Fathers: Smaragdus of Saint-Mihiel and the Reception of Early Medieval Learning
Authors: Ponesse Matthew 
Published: August 2016

Abbot Smaragdus of Saint-Mihiel elaborates on the practice of compilation in his ninth-centuryLiber comitis, a compendium of biblical exegesis organized around the readings used in the liturgy. In the preface to this work, he makes it quite clear that the ideas expressed are not his own, but instead derive from the works of the church Fathers:Seeing that many in the church wisely seek to investigate the mystical sense of the divine scriptures and pluck from them the figurative fruit, I have made an effort to gather one book from many, filled with the flowers of allegory, acting both as an abbreviator and deriver of the tractates and teachings of the great Fathers, namely of Hilary, Jerome, Ambrose, Augustine, Cyprian, Cyril, Gregory, Victor, Fulgentius, John Chrysostom, Cassiodorus, Eucharis, Tychonius, Isidore, Figulus, Bede, Primasius, and also of those who must be approached cautiously, such as Pelagius and Origen, as if reducing powerful rivers and whirling eddies of the sea into moderate currents.
Aristotle's Biology and Pastoral Ethics: John of Wales'sDe linguaand British Pastoral Writing on the Tongue
Authors: Craun Edwin D. 
Published: August 2016

Lingua congruit in duo opera nature, in gustum scilicet et locucionem, sicut dicit philosophus libro 2 De anima, quorum quidem gustus neccesarium est ad esse, locucio autem est propter bene esse. Et sicut dicit philosophus libro 12 De animalibus, creatio lingue est ad gustandum et sermocinandum.With these words John of Wales (d. 1285) launches his late thirteenth-century treatise on the tongue,De lingua, a massive collection of preaching materials extensively copied, even sometimes excerpted, in England for nearly two centuries.
For Pastoral Care and Political Gain: Ælfric of Eynsham's Preaching on Marital Celibacy
Authors: Upchurch Robert K. 
Published: August 2016

Writing early in the last decade of the tenth century, the Anglo-Saxon monk Ælfric begins his Second Series ofCatholic Homilieswith a sermon for Christmas Day. The second of five Old English sermons he wrote for the Nativity, it combines dense doctrinal matters with concrete advice about how Christians should commemorate the birth of Christ. After discussing Christ's Incarnation and Virgin Birth, and the Old Testament prophecies anticipating his appearance, Ælfric concludes the sermon with a series of instructions directing believers how to conduct themselves at Christmas. Of particular interest is his singling out ofclænnyss, an Old English word for “chastity” or “purity,” as the virtue to be most highly prized among the laity:We sceolon eac cristes acennednysse. and his gebyrdtide mid gastlicere blisse wurðian. and us sylfe mid godum weorcum geglengan. and us mid godes lofsangum gebysgian. and ða oing onscunian. ðe crist forbytt. pæt sind leahtras. and deofles weorc. and ða ðing lufian ðe god bebead. pæt is eadmodnys. and mildheortnys. rihtwisnys. and soðfæstnys. ælmesdreda. and gemetfræstnys. gepyld and cleennyss; pas ðing lufað god and huru ða clænnysse ðe he sylf ðurh hine. and ðurh pæt clæne mreden his modor astealde; Swa eac ealle his geferan ðe him filigdon ealle hí weeron on clænnysse wuniende. and se mæsta dæl prera manna pe gode geðeoð purh clsennysse hi geðeoð. (CHII.1.277–87)[We ought also to honor the birth and nativity of Christ with spiritual joy, and adorn ourselves with good works, and occupy ourselves with songs of praise to God, and shun those things which Christ forbids, which are sins and works of the devil, and love those things which God commanded, that is humility and mercy, justice and truth, almsgiving and self-control, patience and chastity. These things God loves, and especially chastity, which he established through himself and the chaste virgin, his mother. So also all of his companions who followed him were living in chastity, and the greatest portion of those men who achieve favor with God achieve it through chastity.]
Walter Burley Über das Vorwissen des Schlusswissens. Eine provisorische Edition von Prolog und Kap. 1 der Expositio super librum Posteriorum
Authors: von Perger Mischa 
Published: August 2016

EinleitungDer Kommentar zu den Analytica posteriora im Óuvre Walter BurleysWalter von Burley lebte von 1275/76 bis 1344/45,1 seine frühesten datierten Werke schrieb er zu Anfang des 14. Jahrhunderts in Oxford.2 In den 1330er Jahren, nachdem er etwa zwanzig Jahre lang an der Pariser Universität studiert und gelehrt hatte, lebte er wieder in England und gehörte zum Gelehrtenzirkel um den Bischof von Durham, Richard von Bury.3 Zu jener Zeit plante er, ein “compendium de dictis in logica” zusammenzustellen, worunter wohl eine Sammlung von bündigen Kommentaren zum erweiterten Aristotelischen Organon (ars vetus und logica nova) zu verstehen ist. Hiervon sind die Kommentare zur ars vetus in vielen Handschriften und frühen Drucken verbreitet: zu Porphyrios' Isagoge, Aristoteles' Kategorienschrift, Ps.-Gilbertus Porretanus' Liber sex principiorum und Aristoteles' De interpretatione.4 Der letzte Kommentar dieser Gruppe, der zu De interpretatione, ist auf den 5. August 1337 datiert.5 All diese Bücher der ars vetus hatte Burley bereits früher, z.T. mehrfach, kommentiert.
Chronology of the Fourth-Century Metropolitans of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
Authors: Higgins Martin J. 
Published: August 2016

The metropolitans of Seleucia-Ctesiphon for the fourth century comprise Papa, Simeon bar Sabbae, Shahdost, Barbashmin followed by a long vacancy, Tomarsa, Qayuma, and Isaac. The parallel Sassanids were Sapor II (309-379), Ardashir II (379-83), Sapor III (383-88), Bahram IV (388-99) and Yezdegerd I (399-420).The list of catholici is preserved in a number of different writers: PsEN (c. s. x), ChrS (c. 1036), Mari (c. 1150), PsED (c. 1260), BarH (1286), Amri (c. 1350), Sliba (c. 1350), and others.The chronology has already been studied by G. Westphal in connection with his investigation of the sources and reliability of Mari, Amri and Sliba. He bases his dates principally on the Syriac acts of the Persian martyrs, but, as the present paper attempts to prove, this cannot be done: we must work the other way around, settle first the succession of the catholici and then turn to the acts. Furthermore, since the publication of his excellent work, the very valuable ChrS has been discovered and a critical edition of PsEN has appeared.