bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface applicator of a miniature X‐ray tube for superficial electronic brachytherapy of skin cancer
Authors: Kim Hyun Nam , Lee Ju Hyuk , Park Han Beom , Kim Hyun Jin , Cho Sung Oh 
Published: November 2017

PurposeWe designed and fabricated a surface applicator of a novel carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based miniature X‐ray tube for the use in superficial electronic brachytherapy of skin cancer. To investigate the effectiveness of the surface applicator, the performance of the applicator was numerically and experimentally analyzed.MethodsThe surface applicator consists of a graphite flattening filter and an X‐ray shield. A Monte Carlo radiation transport code,MCNP6, was used to optimize the geometries of both the flattening filter and the shield so that X‐rays are generated uniformly over the desired region. The performance of the graphite filter was compared with that of conventional aluminum (Al) filters of different geometries using the numerical simulations. After fabricating a surface applicator, the X‐ray spatial distribution was measured to evaluate the performance of the applicator.ResultsThe graphite filter shows better spatial dose uniformity and less dose distortion than Al filters. Moreover, graphite allows easy fabrication of the flattening filter due to its low X‐ray attenuation property, which is particularly important for low‐energy electronic brachytherapy. The applicator also shows that no further X‐ray shielding is required for the application because unwanted X‐rays are completely protected. As a result, highly uniform X‐ray dose distribution was achieved from the miniature X‐ray tube mounted with the surface applicators. The measured values of both flatness and symmetry were less than 5% and the measured penumbra values were less than 1 mm. All these values satisfy the currently accepted tolerance criteria for radiation therapy.ConclusionsThe surface applicator exhibits sufficient performance capability for their application in electronic brachytherapy of skin cancers.
Fast, Na+/K+ pump driven, steady‐state transcytolemmal water exchange in neuronal tissue: A study of rat brain cortical cultures
Authors: Bai Ruiliang , Springer Charles S. , Plenz Dietmar , Basser Peter J. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeWater homeostasis and transport play important roles in brain function (e.g., ion homeostasis, neuronal excitability, cell volume regulation, etc.). However, specific mechanisms of water transport across cell membranes in neuronal tissue have not been completely elaborated.MethodsThe kinetics of transcytolemmal water exchange were measured in neuronal tissue using simultaneous, real‐time fluorescence and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of perfused, active brain organotypic cortical cultures. Perfusion with a paramagnetic MRI contrast agent, gadoteridol, allows NMR determination of the unidirectional rate constant for steady‐state cellular water efflux (kio), and the mole fraction of intracellular water (
), related to the average cell volume (V). Changes in intracellular calcium concentration
were used as a proxy for neuronal activity and were monitored by fluorescence imaging.ResultsThe kio value, averaged over all cultures (N = 99) at baseline, was 2.02 (±1.72) s−1, indicating that on average, the equivalent of the entire intracellular water volume turns over twice each second. To probe possible molecular pathways, the specific Na+‐K+‐ATPase (NKA) inhibitor, ouabain (1 mM), was transiently introduced into the perfusate. This caused significant transient changes (N = 8):
rose ∼250%,
rose ∼89%, and kio fell ∼45%, with a metabolically active kio contribution probably eliminated by ouabain saturation.ConclusionsThese results suggest that transcytolemmal water exchange in neuronal tissue involves mechanisms affected by NKA activity as well as passive pathways. The active pathway may account for half of the basal homeostatic water flux. Magn Reson Med 79:3207–3217, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Density‐weighted concentric circle trajectories for high resolution brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 7T
Authors: Hingerl Lukas , Bogner Wolfgang , Moser Philipp , Považan Michal , Hangel Gilbert , Heckova Eva , Gruber Stephan , Trattnig Siegfried , Strasser Bernhard 
Published: November 2017

PurposeFull‐slice magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at
T is especially vulnerable to lipid contaminations arising from regions close to the skull. This contamination can be mitigated by improving the point spread function via higher spatial resolution sampling and k‐space filtering, but this prolongs scan times and reduces the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) efficiency. Currently applied parallel imaging methods accelerate magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging scans at 7T, but increase lipid artifacts and lower SNR‐efficiency further. In this study, we propose an SNR‐efficient spatial‐spectral sampling scheme using concentric circle echo planar trajectories (CONCEPT), which was adapted to intrinsically acquire a Hamming‐weighted k‐space, thus termed density‐weighted‐CONCEPT. This minimizes voxel bleeding, while preserving an optimal SNR.Theory and MethodsTrajectories were theoretically derived and verified in phantoms as well as in the human brain via measurements of five volunteers (single‐slice, field‐of‐view 220 × 220 mm2, matrix 64 × 64, scan time 6 min) with free induction decay magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Density‐weighted‐CONCEPT was compared to (a) the originally proposed CONCEPT with equidistant circles (here termed e‐CONCEPT), (b) elliptical phase‐encoding, and (c) 5‐fold Controlled Aliasing In Parallel Imaging Results IN Higher Acceleration accelerated elliptical phase‐encoding.ResultsBy intrinsically sampling a Hamming‐weighted k‐space, density‐weighted‐CONCEPT removed Gibbs‐ringing artifacts and had in vivo +9.5%, +24.4%, and +39.7% higher SNR than e‐CONCEPT, elliptical phase‐encoding, and the Controlled Aliasing In Parallel Imaging Results IN Higher Acceleration accelerated elliptical phase‐encoding (all P < 0.05), respectively, which lead to improved metabolic maps.ConclusionDensity‐weighted‐CONCEPT provides clinically attractive full‐slice high‐resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging with optimal SNR at 7T. Magn Reson Med 79:2874–2885, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Booter list generation: The basis for investigating DDoS‐for‐hire websites
Authors: Santanna José Jair , de Vries Joey , de O. Schmidt Ricardo , Tuncer Daphne , Z. Granville Lisandro , Pras Aiko 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe expansion of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)–for‐hire websites, known as Booters, has radically modified both the scope and stakes of DDoS attacks. Until recently, however, Booters have only received little attention from the research community. Given their impact, addressing the challenges associated with this phenomenon is crucial. In this paper, we present a rigorous methodology to identify a comprehensive set of existing Booters in the Internet. Before presenting our methodology, we illustrate the benefits of a set of booters on monitoring users from the Dutch NREN, SURFNet, from 2015 to 2017. Our methodology relies on well‐defined mechanisms to generate a Booter list, from crawling suspect URLs to characterizing and classifying the collected URLs. The list obtained using the methodology presented in this paper has a classification accuracy of 95.5%, which is 10.5% better compared to previous work.
Paid Family Leave, Fathers’ Leave‐Taking, and Leave‐Sharing in Dual‐Earner Households
Authors: Bartel Ann P. , Rossin‐Slater Maya , Ruhm Christopher J. , Stearns Jenna , Waldfogel Jane 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUsing difference‐in‐difference and difference‐in‐difference‐in‐difference designs, we study California's Paid Family Leave (CA‐PFL) program, the first source of government‐provided paid parental leave available to fathers in the Unites States. Relative to the pre‐treatment mean, fathers of infants in California are 46 percent more likely to be on leave when CA‐PFL is available. In households where both parents work, we find suggestive evidence that CA‐PFL increases both father‐only leave‐taking (i.e., father on leave while mother is at work) and joint leave‐taking (i.e., both parents on leave at the same time). Effects are larger for fathers of first‐born children than for fathers of later‐born children.
Comparative risk of serious hypoglycemia with oral antidiabetic monotherapy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Leonard Charles E. , Han Xu , Brensinger Colleen M. , Bilker Warren B. , Cardillo Serena , Flory James H. , Hennessy Sean 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo examine and compare risks of serious hypoglycemia among antidiabetic monotherapy‐treated adults receiving metformin, a sulfonylurea, a meglitinide, or a thiazolidinedione.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of apparently new users of monotherapy with metformin, glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, nateglinide, or repaglinide within a dataset of Medicaid beneficiaries from California, Florida, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. We did not include users of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 agonists, or sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors. We identified serious hypoglycemia outcomes within 180 days following new use using a validated, diagnosis‐based algorithm. We calculated age‐ and sex‐standardized outcome occurrence rates for each drug and generated propensity score–adjusted hazard ratios vs metformin using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsThe ranking of standardized occurrence rates of serious hypoglycemia was glyburide > glimepiride > glipizide > repaglinide > nateglinide > rosiglitazone > pioglitazone > metformin. Rates were increased for all study drugs at higher average daily doses. Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) vs metformin were 3.95 (3.66‐4.26) for glyburide, 3.28 (2.98‐3.62) for glimepiride, 2.57 (2.38‐2.78) for glipizide, 2.03 (1.64‐2.52) for repaglinide, 1.21 (0.89‐1.66) for nateglinide, 0.90 (0.75‐1.07) for rosiglitazone, and 0.80 (0.68‐0.93) for pioglitazone.ConclusionsSulfonylureas were associated with the highest rates of serious hypoglycemia. Among all study drugs, the highest rate was seen with glyburide. Pioglitazone was associated with a lower adjusted hazard for serious hypoglycemia vs metformin, while rosiglitazone and nateglinide had hazards similar to that of metformin.
Application and optimisation of the Comparison on Extreme Laboratory Tests (CERT) algorithm for detection of adverse drug reactions: Transferability across national boundaries
Authors: Tham Mun Yee , Ye Qing , Ang Pei San , Fan Liza Y. , Yoon Dukyong , Park Rae Woong , Ling Zheng Jye , Yip James W. , Tai Bee Choo , Evans Stephen JW , Sung Cynthia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeThe Singapore regulatory agency for health products (Health Sciences Authority), in performing active surveillance of medicines and their potential harms, is open to new methods to achieve this goal. Laboratory tests are a potential source of data for this purpose. We have examined the performance of the Comparison on Extreme Laboratory Tests (CERT) algorithm, developed by Ajou University, Korea, as a potential tool for adverse drug reaction detection based on the electronic medical records of the Singapore health care system.MethodsWe implemented the original CERT algorithm, comparing extreme laboratory results pre‐ and post‐drug exposure, and 5 variations thereof using 4.5 years of National University Hospital (NUH) electronic medical record data (31 869 588 laboratory tests, 6 699 591 drug dispensings from 272 328 hospitalizations). We investigated 6 drugs from the original CERT paper and an additional 47 drugs. We benchmarked results against a reference standard that we created from UpToDate 2015.ResultsThe original CERT algorithm applied to all 53 drugs and 44 laboratory abnormalities yielded a positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity of 50.3% and 54.1%, respectively. By raising the minimum number of cases for each drug‐laboratory abnormality pair from 2 to 400, the PPV and sensitivity increased to 53.9% and 67.2%, respectively. This post hoc variation, named CERT400, performed particularly well for drug‐induced hepatic and renal toxicities.DiscussionWe have demonstrated that the CERT algorithm can be applied across national boundaries. One modification (CERT400) was able to identify adverse drug reaction signals from laboratory data with reasonable PPV and sensitivity, which indicates potential utility as a supplementary pharmacovigilance tool.
Global Proteome Analysis Links Lysine Acetylation to Diverse Functions in Oryza Sativa
Authors: Xue Chao , Liu Shuai , Chen Chen , Zhu Jun , Yang Xibin , Zhou Yong , Guo Rui , Liu Xiaoyu , Gong Zhiyun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLysine acetylation (Kac) is an important protein post‐translational modification in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Herein, we report the results of a global proteome analysis of Kac and its diverse functions in rice (Oryza sativa). We identified 1353 Kac sites in 866 proteins in rice seedlings. A total of 11 Kac motifs are conserved, and 45% of the identified proteins are localized to the chloroplast. Among all acetylated proteins, 38 Kac sites are combined in core histones. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that Kac occurs on a diverse range of proteins involved in a wide variety of biological processes, especially photosynthesis. Protein–protein interaction networks of the identified proteins provided further evidence that Kac contributes to a wide range of regulatory functions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the acetylation level of histone H3 (lysine 27 and 36) is increased in response to cold stress. In summary, our approach comprehensively profiles the regulatory roles of Kac in the growth and development of rice.
Substituent effects on gas‐phase homolytic Fe–N bond energies of m‐G‐C6H4NHFe(CO)2(η5‐C5H5) and m‐G‐C6H4N(COMe)Fe(CO)2(η5‐C5H5) studied using density functional theory methods
Authors: Zeng Qing , Li Zucheng , Wang Yi‐Bo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOne of the most fundamental properties in chemistry is the bond dissociation energy, the energy required to break a specific bond of a molecule. In this paper, the Fe–N homolytic bond dissociation energies [ΔHhomo(Fe–N)'s] of 2 series of (meta‐substituted anilinyl)dicarbonyl(η5‐cyclopentadienyl) iron [m‐G‐C6H4NHFp (1)] and (meta‐substituted α‐acetylanilinyl)dicarbonyl(η5‐cyclopentadienyl) iron [m‐G‐C6H4N(COMe)Fp (2)] were studied using density functional theory methods with large basis sets. In this study, Fp is (η5‐C5H5)Fe(CO)2, and G is NO2, CN, COMe, CO2Me, CF3, Br, Cl, F, H, Me, MeO, and NMe2. The results show that Tao‐Perdew‐Staroverov‐Scuseria, Minnesota 2006, and Becke's power‐series ansatz from 1997 with dispersion corrections functionals can provide the best price/performance ratio and accurate predictions of ΔHhomo(Fe–N)'s. The ΔΔHhomo(Fe–N)'s (1 and 2) conform to the captodative principle. The polar effects of the meta‐substituents show the dominant role to the magnitudes of ΔΔHhomo(Fe–N)'s. σα· and σc· values for meta‐substituents are all related to polar effects. Spin‐delocalization effects of the meta‐substituents in ΔΔHhomo(Fe–N)'s are small but not necessarily zero. RE plays an important role in determining the net substituent effects on ΔHhomo(Fe–N)'s. Insight from this work may help the design of more effective catalytic processes.
Strategy for rational control of stereosequence in free radical polymerization of acrylates
Authors: Tanaka Hitoshi , Maki Kazuyoshi , Matsubara Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTRadical polymerization of cyclic analogs of acrylates, (S)‐ and (R)‐2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐ones (1S and 1R), successfully afforded a functional polymer having the tacticity continuously controlled from 29% to ∼100% of meso triad (mm) over a wide range of temperature only by changing the molar ratio of 1S/1R in feed. Plot of the number fractions of the triad versus diad of poly(1) was in good agreement with the Bernoulli statistics. In the polymerization in chiral solvents having analogs structure of the monomers, the tacticity and specific rotation of the resulting polymer were specifically varied depending on the structure and concentration of the solvents. Model propagation reaction at dimeric radical calculated with density functional theory reproduced a methodical induction of the chirality to the main chain from the branched chiral monomeric unit, which supports the experimental expectations. It is remarkable that the ceiling temperature of 1 is tremendously high, for example, 193 °C in [1 (ee = 72.6%)] = 0.05 mol/L, and the isospecific polymerization is maintained even at such a high temperature, which enabled the control of polymer tacticity over a wide range of temperature. The mechanism of the stereosequence in radical polymerization was discussed experimentally and theoretically. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 184–193
99mTc‐MIP‐1404‐SPECT/CT for the detection of PSMA‐positive lesions in 225 patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer
Authors: Schmidkonz Christian , Hollweg Claudia , Beck Michael , Reinfelder Julia , Goetz Theresa I. , Sanders James C. , Schmidt Daniela , Prante Olaf , Bäuerle Tobias , Cavallaro Alexander , Uder Michael , Wullich Bernd , Goebell Peter , Kuwert Torsten , Ritt Philipp 
Published: November 2017

Background99mTc‐MIP‐1404 (Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY) is a novel, SPECT‐compatible 99mTc‐labeled PSMA inhibitor for the detection of prostate cancer. We present results of its clinical use in a cohort of 225 men with histologically confirmed prostate cancer referred for workup of biochemical relapse.MethodsFrom April 2013 to April 2017, 99mTc‐MIP1404‐scintigraphy was performed in 225 patients for workup of PSA biochemical relapse of prostate cancer. Whole‐body planar and SPECT/CT images of the lower abdomen and thorax were obtained 3‐4 h p.i. of 710 ± 64 MBq 99mTc‐MIP‐1404. Images were visually analyzed for presence and location of abnormal uptake. In addition, quantitative analysis of the SPECT/CT data was carried out on a subset of 125 patients. Follow‐up reports of subsequent therapeutic interventions were available for 59% (139) of all patients.ResultsTracer‐positive lesions were detected in 77% (174/225) of all patients. Detections occurred at the area of local recurrence in the prostate in 25% of patients (or a total of 56), with metastases in lymph nodes in 47% (105), bone in 27% (60), lung in 5% (12), and other locations in 2% (4) of patients. Detection rates were 90% at PSA levels ≥2 ng/mL and 54% below that threshold. Lesional SUVmax values were, on average, 32.2 ± 29.6 (0.8–142.2), and tumor‐to‐normal ratios 146.6 ± 160.5 (1.9–1482.4). The PSA level correlated significantly with total uptake of MIP‐1404 in tumors (P < 0.001). Furthermore, total tumor uptake was significantly higher in patients with Gleason scores ≥8 compared to those with Gleason scores ≤7 (P < 0.05). In patients with androgen deprivation therapy, the detection rate was significantly higher compared to patients without androgen deprivation therapy (86% vs 71%, P < 0.001). Based on 99mTc‐MIP‐1404‐imaging and other information, an interdisciplinary tumor board review recommended changes to treatment plans in 74% (104/139) of those patients for whom the necessary documentation was available.ConclusionSPECT/CT with 99mTc‐labeled MIP‐1404 has a high probability in detecting PSMA‐positive lesions in patients with elevated PSA. Statistical analysis disclosed significant relationship between quantitative 99mTc‐MIP‐1404 uptake, PSA level, and Gleason score.
Circulating microRNAs and treatment response in the Phase II SWOG S0925 study for patients with new metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Cheng Heather H. , Plets Melissa , Li Hongli , Higano Celestia S. , Tangen Catherine M. , Agarwal Neeraj , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Hussain Maha , Thompson Ian M. , Tewari Muneesh , Yu Evan Y. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundPrevious studies suggest circulating, blood‐based microRNAs (miRNAs) may serve as minimally invasive prostate cancer biomarkers, however there is limited data from prospective clinical trials. Here, we explore the role of candidate plasma miRNAs as potential biomarkers in the SWOG 0925 randomized phase II study of androgen deprivation combined with cixutumumab versus androgen deprivation alone in patients with new metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer.MethodsCorrelative biospecimens, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and plasma for miRNA analysis, were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks on treatment from 50 patients enrolled on SWOG 0925. Circulating microRNAs were quantified using real‐time RT‐PCR microRNA array that allowed specific analysis of previously identified candidate miRNAs (miR‐141, miR‐200a, miR‐200b, miR‐210, and miR‐375) as well as discovery analysis to identify new candidate miRNAs. MiRNA levels were correlated to previously reported CTC counts using CellSearch® (Veridex) and with the primary study outcome of 28‐week PSA response (≤0.2, 0.2 to ≤4.0, or >4.0 ng/mL), previously shown to correlate with overall survival.ResultsWe observed a correlation between baseline circulating miR‐141, miR‐200a, and miR‐375 levels with baseline CTCs. Baseline miR‐375 levels were associated with 28‐week PSA response (≤0.2, 0.2 to ≤4.0, or >4.0 ng/mL, P = 0.007). Using ROC curve analysis, there was no significant difference between baseline miR‐375 and baseline CTC in predicting 28‐week PSA response (≤0.2 vs >0.2 ng/mL). To discover novel candidate miRNAs, we analyzed 365 miRNAs for association with the 28‐week PSA response endpoint and identified new candidate miRNAs along with the existing candidates miR‐375 and miR‐200b (P = 0.0012, P = 0.0046, respectively.ConclusionsBaseline plasma miR‐141, miR‐200a, and miR‐375 levels are associated with baseline CTC count. Baseline miR‐375 was also associated with the trial endpoint of 28‐week PSA response. Our results provide evidence that circulating miRNA biomarkers may have value as prognostic biomarkers and warrant further study in larger prospective clinical trials.