bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subacute ruminai acidosis in dairy cows
Authors: KITKAS (Γ.Χ. ΚΙΤΚΑΣ) G. C. , PANOUSIS (Ν. ΠΑΝΟΥΣΗΣ) N. , VALERGAKIS (Γ.Ε. ΒΑΛΕΡΓΑΚΗΣ) G. E. , KARATZIAS (Χ. ΚΑΡΑΤΖΙΑΣ) Ch. 
Published: February 2018

Subacute or subclinical ruminai acidosis (SARA) is one of the most important metabolic diseases of dairy cows, characterized by a decrease in pH of rumen fluid below 5.5 (up to 5), certain hours after feeding. SARA is commonly found in intensive livestock production systems; so far, its prevalence has been studied only in few countries and was found to be particularly high. The disease is caused by a decrease in rumen pH below normal level, due to an excessive increase of rumen volatile fattyacids (VFA) concentration. The increased concentration of VFA could be due to diets rich in easily fermentable carbohydrates or slow absorption of the VFA by the rumen wall, due to maladjustment in high energy diets. Finely chopped feeds that do not adequately stimulate mastication and rumination, resulting in less production of saliva that acts as a buffer of the rumen fluid pH, seem to play an important role in the etiology of the disease. The diagnosis of SARA, based on its definition, is established by rumen pH determination, at specific time intervals after feeding. Continuous pH data acquisition can be obtained, for research purposes only, by rumen cannulation and immersion in rumen fluid of a pH-meter that continuously transmits pH data to a computer. Alternatively, the pH-measuring device can be inserted orally into the rumen in a bolus form, which is also a transmittersending the pH data continuously to a computer. The latter method is very promising for clinical practice, but, unfortunately, is currently too expensive. It is easier and more affordable for practitioners to obtain a rumen fluid sample by either using a rumen tube or, preferably, by performing rumenocentesis, by which rumen fluid free of "contaminating" saliva is collected. Rumenocentesis is safe, easy to perform and more accurate than rumen tubing. The impact of SARA in dairy cows includes,amongst others, reduction of milk production, milk fat content depression, laminitis and, therefore, lameness, liver abscesses formation and, therefore, caudal vena cava syndrome, increased culling rate without any obvious cause etc. SARA treatment and prevention is mainly based on management and dietary measures that eliminate the causes of the disease.
Dairy Cows' Body Condition Score. Effects on reproduction, health and milk production. Use in farm management
Authors: OIKONOMOU (Γ. ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΟΥ) G. , BAZDAGIANNI (Ζ. ΜΠΑΣΔΑΓΙΑΝΝΗ) Z. , VALERGAKIS (Γ. Ε. ΒΑΛΕΡΓΑΚΗΣ) G. E. 
Published: February 2018

Body Condition Scoring (BCS) is an assessment of dairy cows' subcutaneous fatty tissue that can provide useful information on their body energy reserves. It is a quick and easy to perform method that does not require special equipment and can be easily used at farm level. A body condition scoring method based on visual observation of specific body regions has been described. A 5 point scale (1 = emaciated, 5 = obese) is used. Low BCS and high BCS losses were found to have adverse effects on cows' reproductive performance. Low or high BCS and high BCS losses were also found to have adverse effects on cows' health, while they were also found to significantly affect milk production. Body condition score has medium-high heritability and significant genetic correlation with reproduction. Body condition score levels should be 3-3.25 at calving, not higher than 3.25 at drying off and at least 2.5 60-80 days post calving. Farmers and their consultants should try to achieve these goals through proper management. Body condition scoring can be performed at calving, 30 days post calving, at first artificial insemination, at mid-lactation and at drying off.
Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of diagnostic imaging methods for the diagnosis of ectopic ureters in the dog
Authors: MANTIS P. , BROCKMAN D. , WHATMOUGH C. , GREGORY S. P. , LAMB C. R. , MAHONEY P. , JAKOVLJEVIC S. 
Published: February 2018

The clinical records of dogs with urinary incontinence, examined at the Queen Mother Hospital for animals between November 1995 and January 2006, were reviewed. Only dogs that had at least one contrast radiographic study, ultrasonographic examination of the ureters and surgical diagnosis were included. All the cases were examined on an individual ureter basis and on a case basis. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated for intravenous urography, retrograde urethrography or retrograde vaginourethrography and ultrasonographic examination of the ureterovescicular junctions. Ultrasonographic examination of the ureterovescicular junctions had the higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy from the imaging methods with only intravenous urography having mildly higher sensitivity when examined on a ureter base. The main failure of ultrasonographic examination of the ureterovescicular junctions was the identification of the correct side of ectopia. When evaluated on a case basis ultrasonographic examination of the ureterovescicular junctions had perfect sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. The lower mainly specificity and accuracy of intravenous urography and retrograde urethrography or retrograde vaginourethrography were probably related to the difficulty in identifying the location of the ureterovesicular junction.
Α case of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in canaries
Authors: IORDANIDIS (Π. ΙΟΡΔΑΝΙΔΗΣ) P. , GEORGOPOULOU (Ι. ΓΕΩΡΓΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) I. , BOUGIOUKLIS (Π. ΜΠΟΥΠΟΥΚΛΗΣ) P. , LEKKAS (Σ. ΛΕΚΚΑΣ) St. , KOUTSOPOULOS (Δ. ΚΟΥΤΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) D. 
Published: February 2018

This study describes the diagnosis, treatment and sanitary procedures in canaries and other cage-birds in a pet-shop, infected by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Main macroscopic lesions in the liver, spleen and intestine were characterized by numerous nodules, from pin-head size up to a litde larger. Also, swelling of the liver and spleen and congestion with ulceration of the mucus of the intestine were observed. Parenchyma of the liver and spleen, as well as in the intestinal wall, numerous small or larger cluster-shaped colonies of Gram-negative coccobacteria were found with coagulative necrosis of the normal tissue in the development areas of the bacterium, as well as around them. Bacteriological examination from the internal organs confirmed and identified the bacterium Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Pseudotuberculosis was established for the first time in Greece through this study. The therapeutic schema with enrofloxacin in dose of 150 mg/L in drinking water showed itself to be more effective in the first stages of the disease in other cage-bird species, but less so in canaries.
Ovarian and thyroid activity of the Lacaune ewes breed during the year in Greece
Authors: MENEGATOS (Ι. ΜΕΝΕΓΑΤΟΣ) J. , CHADIO (Σ. ΧΑΔΙΩ) S. , DOSOPOULOS (Β. ΔΟΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) V. , KALOGIANNIS (Δ. ΚΑΛΟΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ) D. , XYLOURI (Ε. ΞΥΛΟΥΡΗ) E. 
Published: February 2018

Ovarian and thyroid activity was studied in 10 ewes of Lacuane breed during one year. Ewes were maintained separately from rams and were fed. The aim of the study was to determine the duration of the anestrus period. Blood samples were collected weekly for the determination of progesterone levels. Thyroxine levels were also determined. Progesterone concentrations > 1 ng/ml were considered as indicative of ovulation, whereas levels between 0.5-0.9 ng/ml as indicative of follicle luteinizations or short lived corpus luteum. Two ewes showed persistent corpus luteum which regressed in deep anestrus period. The first ovulation occurred on 18th August ±10 days. The duration of the breeding season (the interval from the first to the last ovulation) was estimated to be 158 ± 8 days and the number of ovarian cycles during this period was 9.0 ± 0.6 per ewe. A significant correlation was observed between the time of the last ovulation and the duration of the breeding season, (Y=l4l.4+0.96X, r2 = 0.71, P<0.01). Serum thyroxine levels in every fifteen days samples fluctuate from 47 ± 4 during the first half of August to 82 ± 5 during the second half of December. Mean thyroxine levels during the time of increasing daylength (23rd December to 22nd June) were 71.2 ± 2 ng/ml and during that of decreasing daylength (23rd June to 22nd December) 59.4 ± 3 ng/ml, (p<0.001). In conclusion, this study showed that the ewes of the Lacaune breed exhibit a long anestrous period compared to the indigenous Greek breeds. Hormonal control of estrus is necessary for the out-of season lambing. Finally, thyroid function shows a significant seasonality, as has been demonstrated in all other breeds of sheep studied so far.
Induction of multiple ovulation in rabbits using PMSG and hCG
Authors: SARATSI (Α. ΣΑΡΑΤΣΗ) A. , TSILIGIANNI (Θ. ΤΣΙΛΙΓΙΑΝΝΗ) Th. , BESENFELDER U. , ANASTASIADIS (Α. ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΑΔΗΣ) A. , VAINAS (Ε. ΒΑΪΝΑΣ) E. , BREM G. 
Published: February 2018

In the present study, the feasibility of the effective use of a simplified method for multiple ovulation and for the collection of oocytes-zygotes-embryos (O-Z-E) was investigated. The relationship between the number and quality of O-Z-E and the color of the mucosa of the vulva was also studied. Thirty five New Zealand does and 5 California bucks were used. Does were given one dose of 20 IU/Kg BW of PMSG i.m. Artificial insemination (AI) and administration of a dose of 120 IU/animal of hCG i.v. were carried out 3 days later. Does were sacrificed 19h after AI and the O-Z-E were collected by flushing of the oviducts. 54,24% of the does presented multiple ovulation (Group A), 40,00% did not present the expected (< 10 corpora lutea) reaction (group B) and 5,71% presented no reaction at all to hormone administration. The mean values of O-Z-E collected was 18,53±10,77 in group A and 6,69±5,49 in group Β (P<0,05). However, the mean values of O-Z-E in each group were similar in does presenting different color of the mucosa of the vulva. The color of the mucosa of the vulva was not related to multiple ovulation rates in both groups. In group A, the highest (P<0,05) percentage of O-Z-E was collected from does presenting red color of the mucosa of the vulva (96,20%) and the lowest from does presenting purple color (66,08%). However, the color of the mucosa of the vulva did not affect the percentage of zygotes-embryos (Z-E) that were appropriate for use and ranged from 65,71 to 72,67%. In group B, the color of the mucosa of the vulva did not affect the percentage of O-Z-E, that ranged from 84,00 to 96,43%. However, the percentage of Z-E that were appropriate for further use (a Z-E) was significantly different (P<0,05) and ranged from 33,30% in does presenting rosy color to 84,38% in does presenting purple color of of the mucosa of the vulva. We conclude that, the results of this method are satisfactory and the color of the mucosa of the vulva may be used as a factor in the selection of donors.
Effect of the dietary inclusion of a natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) on aerial ammonia level in pig houses
Authors: SAOULIDIS (Κ. ΣΑΟΥΛΙΔΗΣ) K. , ALEXOPOULOS (Κ. ΑΛΕΞΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) C. , PAPAIOANNOU (Δ.Σ. ΠΑΠΑΪΩΑΝΝΟΥ) D. S. , KRITAS (Σ.Κ. ΚΡΗΤΑΣ) S. K. , KYRIAKIS (Σ.K. ΚΥΡΙΑΚΗΣ) S. C. 
Published: February 2018

The beneficial effect of dietary inclusion of natural zeolites on the growth of the animals and on reducing ammonia levels in livestock buildings, has been escribed. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of the dietary inclusion of a natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) on the ammonia level in a Greek "farrow-to-finish" pig unit. Animals participating in the study were of the same genetic background and were divided into two main experimental groups depending on the inclusion or not of clinoptilolite (groups Ζ and Νrespectively) and four experimental subgroups depending on the inclusion or not of antimicrobials in the feed (subgroups Zl9 Nx and Z2, N2 respectively). Aerial ammonia level measurements were carried out using diffusion tubes (Dräger tubes) at the end of each growth stage (weaning, growing and fattening stages). In order to ensure the accuracy of the measurements, in each barn, animals of the same experimental subgroup were allocated. The results of this study demonstrate that the incorporation of clinoptilolite in swine feed had a favorable effect on aerial ammonia level. Significantly lower levels (P<0,05) were obtained in Zl subgroup at the end of the fattening stage. Comparing the results among the main experimental groups (Z and N), the decreasing effect on ammonia level (P<0,05) was evident at the end of the growing and the fattening stages.
Superovulation of prepubertal and young pubertal gilts with PMSG
Authors: ANASTASIADIS (Α. ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΑΔΗΣ) A. , AMIRIDIS (Γ. Σ. ΑΜΟΙΡΙΔΗΣ) G. C. , LYMBEROPOULOS (Α.Γ. ΛΥΜΠΕΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) A. G. , KORONAKI (Α. ΚΟΡΩΝΑΚΗ) A. , VAINAS (Ε. ΒΑΪΝΑΣ) E. 
Published: February 2018

The feasibility of application of a standardized protocol for estrous synchronization, superovulation and embryo transfer in young pubertal and pre-pubertal gilts under farm conditions was investigated. Two groups of Large white X Landrace crossbreed gilts were used. Group A (n = 16) consisted of pubertal (>6months old ) animals weighing 100-110 kg while group Β (n=ll) consisted of prepubertal gilts weighing 75-80 kg. Superovulation and estrous synchronization was conducted by intramuscular administration of 1500 IU of PMSG and 750 IU of hCG given 12 and 72 hours after the transfer of the gilts to the service area (hour 0), respectively. At hours 96 and 108 the animals that exhibited estrous behavior (81,3 and 72.7% for groups A and Β respectively) were inseminated with fresh semen from a Large White boar containing 3xl09 progressively moving spermatozoa. Embryo collection took place 48 – 52 hours after the second insemination. No differences were detected in ovarian response, in the number of collected oocytes and in the number of fertilized ova between the two groups 31,5 ±16,9, 25,2±15,8, 17,5±9,9 and 44,6±22,4, 38,5 ±23,2, 21,6 ±9,5 for groups A and Β respectively. The proportion of fertilized ova was significantly higher in group A when compared to the one from group Β (75.7 vs 60.6% for group A and Β respectively, Ρ < 0.05). A negative correlation was also observed between the number of corpora lutea and fertilization rate (P< 0.0005). It is concluded that the present superovulation scheme can be used safely for sufficient embryo production from both prepubertal and pubertal gilts under farm conditions.
Distribution and abundance of ticks infesting livestock population along Karakorum highway from Mansehra to Gilgit, Pakistan
Authors: SAJID MUHAMMAD SOHAIL , IQBAL ZAFAR , SHAMIM ASIM , SIDDIQUE RAO MUHAMMAD , UL HASSAN MUHAMMAD JAWAD , RIZWAN HAFIZ MUHAMMAD 
Published: February 2018

Ticks and tick-borne infections pose major economic threats to the livestock industry throughout the world. The present study reports the point prevalence of ticks in the free range livestock population of the plain and hilly areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Mansehra, Haripur, Shangala, Kohistan), and Gilgit Baltistan (Diamer, Gilgit, Astor) along the Karakoram highway. Through convenient and snowball sampling techniques, a total of 813 animals, consisting of 232 sheep, 163 cattle, 365 goats and 53 buffaloes were screened for their tick burden. During the study, the two tick species identified were Hyalomma anatolicum and Rhipicephalus microplus. The overall prevalence of tick infestation among the screened livestock was 75.03%, with the highest distribution in sheep (81.47%) followed, in order, by cattle (77.91%), goats (72.05%) and buffalo (58.49%). The district-wise prevalence of ticks was the highest in Haripur (85.58), followed, in order, by Gilgit (83.10%), Mansehra (81.14%), Batagram (81.05%), Shangala (77.78%), Kohistan (75.38%), Diamer (72.28%) and Astor (32.22%). The prevalence of ticks was found to be higher (85.67%) in younger livestock than adults (66.44%), and in females (80.33%) than males (66.44%). The present study provides the first report of the tick distribution in higher altitudes of northern Pakistan and confirms the presence of Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus ticks in the plains, as well as the hilly geoclimates of Pakistan. Furthermore, the data on risk factors allows us to make recommendations to restructure the existing husbandry system of northern areas of Pakistan with the aim of reducing the tick burden on livestock.
Orthomanual therapy as treatment for suspected thoracolumbar disc disease in dogs ABSTRACT.
Authors: AHARON D. C. , HEUKELS J. , BUNTSMA R. F. 
Published: February 2018

According to the principles of veterinary orthomanual medicine, vertebral misalignments are associated with intervertebral disc disease in dogs. Manual correction of these vertebral misalignments are presumed to contribute to successful recovery. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of veterinary orthomanual therapy (VOT) in 261 dachshunds with suspected thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease (TLDD). Effect of treatment was assessed using a retrogradeneurological status classification. From one clinic’s 2003-2008 medical records, 261 dachshunds with suspected TLDD met the inclusion criteria. Individual data included signalement and history, orthomanual aspects and neurological evaluations before treatment and at 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Telephone interviews with owners were conducted one year after the initial treatment. The initial neurological status according to Griffiths ‘82 grading, was grade I in 115 animals (44%), grade II in 59 animals (23%), grade III in 27 animals (10%), grade IV in 52 animals (20%) and grade V in 8 animals (3%). Two weeks after the first treatment, 111 animals (55%) with initial grade I, II or III and two animals (3%) with initial grade IV or V had improved from their initial grade to a neurologically normal state; within 6 months of the initial treatment this full recovery was observed in 154 animals (77 %) with initial grade I, II or III and 27 animals (45%) with initial grade IV or V. Of the initially non-ambulatory dogs, 82% recovered to an ambulatory state. Of the owners, 89% evaluated the treatment as successful after 1 year. Most (78%) of the animals underwent a single VOT treatment, and the most commonly misaligned vertebrae were T12, T13 and L1. Veterinary orthomanual therapy is a conservative treatment method, which is minimally stressful for the animal and inexpensive. VOT combined with cage rest seems to be effective in treating TLDD in dachshunds. The results of this study demonstrate that veterinary orthomanual therapy might be considered an adjunct modality for the non-surgical treatment of dachshunds with intervertebral disc disease. A prospective controlled clinical trial is needed to further examine its efficacy.
Nutritional status, survival and mortality in Alzheimer patients - a cross-sectional study
Authors: de Gregorio Elizama , Mendes Dayanna Hartmann Cambruzzi , Patrzyk Luan Henrique , Felski Luana , de Freita Guilherme Barroso Langoni , Bosetto Anne Karine , Fermino Bárbara Luisa , Haskel Maria Vaitsa Loch , Ivanski Flávia , Bonini Juliana Sartori , Diedrich Camila , da Silva Weber Cláudio Francisco Nunes 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Dementia is a common health problem in elderly people, Alzheimer disease (AD) being the most prevalent. AD can be considered as a cause of death and must be registered on the death certificate of the patients. However, most of the time, the main cause of death registered is not related to AD, but as an underlying or contributing cause. For example, individuals who have AD and die from myocardium infarction. This study aimed to analyze if nutritional status was associated with survival and mortality for AD, and if AD was reported as actual cause of death on the death certificateMethods: The study was carried out as a cross-sectional study with elderly citizens of the community registered in the National Health System (SUS), with cognitive, nutritional, biochemical and hematological evaluations of 30 AD patients in Guarapuava, Paraná state, Brazil.Results: Significant differences were not observed between live and dead patients when evaluated considering the methods applied. Only 22% of the death certificates stated death due to AD. The patient’s cause of death showed a strong relation to respiratory issues; potential explanations based on immunological, biochemical and comorbidity were not confirmed on this study.Conclusions: AD was not declared as the cause of death in the majority of certificates, contributing to the underreporting and reducing the information of death due to AD in the country.
Mid-term follow-up of patients with hindfoot arthrodesis with retrograde compression intramedullary nail in Charcot neuroarthropathy of the hindfoot
Authors: Chraim M. , Krenn S. , Alrabai H. M. , Trnka H-J. , Bock P. 
Published: February 2018

Aims Hindfoot arthrodesis with retrograde intramedullary nailing has been described as a surgical strategy to reconstruct deformities of the ankle and hindfoot in patients with Charcot arthropathy. This study presents case series of Charcot arthropathy patients treated with two different retrograde intramedullary straight compression nails in order to reconstruct the hindfoot and assess the results over a mid-term follow-up. Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 18 consecutive patients and 19 operated feet with Charcot arthropathy who underwent a hindfoot arthrodesis using a retrograde intramedullary compression nail. Patients were ten men and eight women with a mean age of 63.43 years (38.5 to 79.8). We report the rate of limb salvage, complications requiring additional surgery, and fusion rate in both groups. The mean duration of follow-up was 46.36 months (37 to 70). Results The limb salvage rate was 16 of 19 limbs. Three patients had to undergo below-knee amputation due to persistent infection followed by osteomyelitis resistant to parenteral antibiotic therapy and repeated debridement. Complications including infection, hardware removal, nonunion, and persistent ulcers requiring further intervention were also observed. Postoperative functional scores revealed significant improvement compared with preoperative scores on American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) – Hindfoot scale, Foot Function Index (FFI), visual analogue scale (VAS), and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Conclusion The use of retrograde intramedullary compression nail results in good rates of limb salvage when used for hindfoot reconstruction in patients with Charcot arthropathy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:190–6.