bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the importance of demographic parameters for population dynamics using Bayesian integrated population modeling
Authors: Eacker Daniel R. , Lukacs Paul M. , Proffitt Kelly M. , Hebblewhite Mark 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo successfully respond to changing habitat, climate or harvest, managers need to identify the most effective strategies to reverse population trends of declining species and/or manage harvest of game species. A classic approach in conservation biology for the last two decades has been the use of matrix population models to determine the most important vital rates affecting population growth rate (λ), that is, sensitivity. Ecologists quickly realized the critical role of environmental variability in vital rates affecting λ by developing approaches such as life‐stage simulation analysis (LSA) that account for both sensitivity and variability of a vital rate. TheseLSAmethods used matrix‐population modeling and Monte Carlo simulation methods, but faced challenges in integrating data from different sources, disentangling process and sampling variation, and in their flexibility. Here, we developed a Bayesian integrated population model (IPM) for two populations of a large herbivore, elk (Cervus canadensis) in Montana,USA. We then extended theIPMto evaluate sensitivity in a Bayesian framework. We integrated known‐fate survival data from radio‐marked adults and juveniles, fecundity data, and population counts in a hierarchical population model that explicitly accounted for process and sampling variance. Next, we tested the prevailing paradigm in large herbivore population ecology that juvenile survival of neonates <90 d old drives λ using our BayesianLSAapproach. In contrast to the prevailing paradigm in large herbivore ecology, we found that adult female survival explained more of the variation in λ than elk calf survival, and that summer and winter elk calf survival periods were nearly equivalent in importance for λ. Our BayesianIPMimproved precision of our vital rate estimates and highlighted discrepancies between count and vital rate data that could refine population monitoring, demonstrating that combining sensitivity analysis with population modeling in a Bayesian framework can provide multiple advantages. Our BayesianLSAframework will provide a useful approach to addressing conservation challenges across a variety of species and data types.
Will I get fat? 22‐year weight trajectories of individuals with eating disorders
Authors: Murray Helen B. , Tabri Nassim , Thomas Jennifer J. , Herzog David B. , Franko Debra L. , Eddy Kamryn T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveFor some, fat phobia or fear of uncontrollable weight gain is diagnostic of eating disorders, often inhibiting treatment engagement and predicting symptom relapse. Prior research has reported weight changes at infrequent or long intervals, but rate, shape, and magnitude of long‐term changes remain unknown. Our study examined 22‐year longitudinal trajectories of body mass index (BMI) in women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN).MethodParticipants were followed over 10 years (N = 225) and at 22‐year follow‐up (N = 175). Using latent growth curves, we examined: (1) shape and rate of intra‐individual BMI change over 10 years; (2) predictors of BMI change over 10 years, (3) 22‐year BMI outcomes; and (4) BMI changes over 10 years as predictors of 22‐year BMI.ResultsThe best‐fitting model captured overall intra‐individual rates of BMI change in three intervals, showing moderate rate of BMI increase from intake to year 2, modest increase from year 2 to 5, and plateau from year 5 to 10. At 22 years, 14% were underweight, 69% were normal weight, and only 17% were overweight or obese. Greater increases from intake to year 2 predicted higher BMI at 22 years (β = 0.43, p < 0.01) and were predicted by intake diagnosis of AN‐restricting (β = 0.31, p < 0.01) or AN‐binge eating/purging (β = 0.29, p < 0.01).DiscussionBMI increased most rapidly during earlier years of the study for those with lower weight at study intake (i. e., AN) and plateaued over time, settling in the normal range for most. Psychoeducation about expected BMI trajectory may challenge patients' long‐term fat phobic predictions.
Subgrid modeling of salt marsh hydrodynamics with effects of vegetation and vegetation zonation
Authors: Wu Guoxiang , Li Huajun , Liang Bingchen , Shi Fengyan , Kirby James T. , Mieras Ryan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractVegetation plays a critical role in modifying inundation and flow patterns in salt marshes. In this study, the effects of vegetation are derived and implemented in a high‐resolution, subgrid model recently developed for simulating salt marsh hydrodynamics. Vegetation‐induced drag forces are taken into account as momentum sink terms. The model is then applied to simulate the flooding and draining processes in a meso‐tidal salt marsh, both with and without vegetation effects. Marsh inundation and flow patterns are significantly changed with the presence of vegetation. A smaller area of inundation occurs when vegetation is considered. Tides propagate both on the platform and through the channels when vegetation is absent, whereas flows concentrate mainly in channels when vegetation is present. Local inundation on vegetated platforms is caused mainly by water flux spilled from nearby channels, with a flow direction perpendicular to the channel edges, whereas inundation on bare platforms has contributions from both local spilled‐over water flux and remote advection from adjacent platforms. The flooding characteristics predicted by the model showed a significant difference between higher marsh and lower marsh, which is consistent with the wetlands classification by the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI). The flooding characteristics and spatial distribution of hydroperiod are also highly correlated with the vegetation zonation patterns observed in Google Earth imagery. Regarding the strong interaction between flow, vegetation and geomorphology, the conclusion highlights the importance of including vegetation in the modeling of salt marsh dynamics. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of distant metastasis in human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Weller Michael A. , Ward Matthew C. , Berriochoa Camille , Reddy Chandana A. , Trosman Samuel , Greskovich John F. , Nwizu Tobenna I. , Burkey Brian B. , Adelstein David J. , Koyfman Shlomo A. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive oropharyngeal cancer is associated with favorable outcomes, prompting investigations into treatment deintensification. The purpose of this study was for us to present the predictors of distant metastases in patients with HPV‐positive oropharyngeal cancer treated with cisplatin‐based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or cetuximab‐based bioradiotherapy (bio‐RT).MethodsIn patients with stage III to IVb HPV‐positive oropharyngeal cancer, the Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to calculate distant metastases rates. Univariate analysis (UVA) and multivariate analysis (MVA) were used to identify factors associated with distant metastases.ResultsIncreased distant metastases rates were noted in active smokers versus never/former smokers (22% vs 5%), T4 vs T1 to T3 (15% vs 6%), and cetuximab‐based bio‐RT versus CRT (23% vs 5%). All remained significant on MVA.ConclusionT4 tumors and active smokers have substantial rates of distant metastases, and trials investigating intensified systemic therapies may be considered. Higher rates of distant metastases observed with concurrent cetuximab are hypothesis generating, but further data are needed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 940–946, 2017
Minimizing adjuvant treatment after transoral robotic surgery through surgical margin revision and exclusion of radiographic extracapsular extension: A Prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Morisod Benoit , Venara–Vulpe Ioana I. , Alzuphar Stephen , Monnier Yan , Bongiovanni Massimo , Hagmann Patric , Bouchaab Hanan , Bourhis Jean , Simon Christian 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe investigated in a prospective cohort of patients treated with trans‐oral robotic surgery (TORS) for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), who were selected for the absence of radiographic extra‐capsular extension (ECS) and surgically revised for inadequate margins, the possibility of reducing adjuvant radiation (RT)/chemo‐radiation therapy (CRT) without jeopardizing tumor control and functional outcome.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational cohort of patients treated with TORS for oropharyngeal cancer.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients with T1/2N0 to N2B stage cancers were treated with TORS. Forty‐five percent of them were treated for secondary primaries. Nine of 29 patients (31%) were revised for close/positive margins. Adjuvant RT was prescribed for 2 of 19 patients with early squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs) and CRT for 1 of 10 patients with advanced oropharyngeal SCCs. Overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and locoregional control at 2 years were 85%, 96%, and 93%, respectively. Posttreatment Functional Outcome Swallowing Scale (FOSS) scores worsened with prior or adjuvant RT, local recurrence, site, and revision for margins.ConclusionPatients with early and moderately advanced oropharyngeal SCC selected for radiographic ECS and revised for inadequate margins have excellent tumor control and favorable functional recovery. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 965–973, 2017
Memory for relations in the short term and the long term after medial temporal lobe damage
Authors: Squire Larry R. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTA central idea about the organization of declarative memory and the function of the hippocampus is that the hippocampus provides for the coding of relationships between items. A question arises whether this idea refers to the process of forming long‐term memory or whether, as some studies have suggested, memory for relations might depend on the hippocampus even at short retention intervals and even when the task falls within the province of short‐term (working) memory. The latter formulation appears to place the operation of relational memory into conflict with the idea that working memory is independent of medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures. In this report, the concepts of relational memory and working memory are discussed in the light of a simple demonstration experiment. Patients with MTL lesions successfully learned and recalled two word pairs when tested directly after learning but failed altogether when tested after a delay. The results do not contradict the idea that the hippocampus has a fundamental role in relational memory. However, there is a need for further elaboration and specification of the idea in order to explain why patients with MTL lesions can establish relational memory in the short term but not in long‐term memory. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toxic effects of TiO2 nanoparticles in primary cultured rat sertoli cells are mediated via a dysregulated Ca2+/PKC/p38 MAPK/NF‐κB cascade
Authors: Ye Lingqun , Hong Fashui , Ze Xiao , Li Lingjuan , Zhou Yaoming , Ze Yuguan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlthough numerous studies have demonstrated that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) can be accumulated in various animal organs and can cause toxicity, there is currently only limited data regarding reproductive toxicity especially on the toxic mechanisms of TiO2 NPs in Sertoli cells. In order to investigate the mechanism of reproductive toxicity, primary cultured rat Sertoli cells were exposed to 5, 15, or 30 μg/mL TiO2 NPs for 24 h, and TiO2 NPs internalization, expression of PKC (p‐PKC) and p38 MAPK (p‐p38 MAPK) as well as calcium homeostasis were examined. Our findings demonstrated that TiO2 NPs crossed the membrane into the cytoplasm or nucleus, and significantly suppressed cell viability of primary cultured rat Sertoli cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. Furthermore, immunological dysfunction caused by TiO2 NPs was involved in the increased expression of NF‐κB, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β, and decreased IκB expression. TiO2 NPs significantly decreased Ca2+‐ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+‐ATPase activity and enhanced intracellular Ca2+ levels, and up‐regulated the expression of p‐PKC and p‐p38 MAPK in a dose‐dependent manner in primary cultured rat Sertoli cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that TiO2 NPs may induce immunological dysfunction of primary cultured rat Sertoli cells by stimulating the Ca2+/PKC/p38 MAPK cascade, which triggers NF‐κB activation and ultimately induces the expression of inflammatory cytokines in primary cultured rat Sertoli cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1374–1382, 2017.
A case study evaluating deep inspiration breath‐hold and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy to minimise long‐term toxicity in a young patient with bulky mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Tomaszewski Jonathan M. , Crook Sarah , Wan Kenneth , Scott Lucille , Foroudi Farshad 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRadiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of early‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma, but late toxicities such as cardiovascular disease and second malignancy are a major concern. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of deep inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH) and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) to reduce cardiac dose from mediastinal radiotherapy. A 24 year‐old male with early‐stage bulky mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma received involved‐site radiotherapy as part of a combined modality programme. Simulation was performed in free breathing (FB) and DIBH. The target and organs at risk were contoured on both datasets. Free breathing‐3D conformal (FB‐3DCRT), DIBH‐3DCRT, FB‐IMRT and DIBH‐IMRT were compared with respect to target coverage and doses to organs at risk. A ‘butterfly’ IMRT technique was used to minimise the low‐dose bath. In our patient, both DIBH (regardless of mode of delivery) and IMRT (in both FB and DIBH) achieved reductions in mean heart dose. DIBH improved all lung parameters. IMRT reduced high dose (V20), but increased low dose (V5) to lung. DIBH‐IMRT was chosen for treatment delivery. Advanced radiotherapy techniques have the potential to further optimise the therapeutic ratio in patients with mediastinal lymphoma. Benefits should be assessed on an individualised basis.
Guayusa (Ilex guayusa L.) new tea: phenolic and carotenoid composition and antioxidant capacity
Authors: García‐Ruiz Almudena , Baenas Nieves , Benítez‐González Ana M , Stinco Carla M , Meléndez‐Martínez Antonio J , Moreno Diego A , Ruales Jenny 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDGuayusa (Ilex guayusa Loes) is an evergreen tree native of South America that grows particularly in the upper Amazon region of Ecuador. For its health benefits, it has been cultivated and consumed since ancient times by Amazon indigenous tribes.RESULTSA total of 14 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified. Chlorogenic acid and quercetin‐3‐O‐hexose were the main representatives of the hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols, respectively. Five carotenoids were identified, showing lutein the highest concentration. Guayusa leaves revealed high antioxidant capacity determined by two analytical methods, DPPH and ORAC. The industrial processing applied to the leaves modified the composition of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of guayusa. In general, blanched guayusa retained the concentration of phenolic compounds and some carotenoids and similar antioxidant capacity as untreated green leaves. In contrast, fermentation reduced the content of bioactive compounds and showed the lowest antioxidant capacity.CONCLUSIONTherefore, blanched guayusa has potential for product development as a functional ingredient in the food industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Rennet‐induced coagulation of raw and heated camel and cow milk gels determined by instrumental techniques: effects of added calcium and phosphate
Authors: Karoui Romdhane , Kamal Mohammad 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe potentiality of the front‐face fluorescence spectroscopy and rheological measurements combined with chemometric tools to characterise the structure evolution during coagulation of raw and preheated camel and cow milk at 50 and 70 °C with/without added calcium and phosphate was evaluated. Tryptophan and vitamin A fluorescence spectra were collected during the gelation of milk at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 45 min after the addition of rennet‐induced coagulation. In parallel, the storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″) and tan delta (tan δ) were determined using low amplitude oscillation shear analysis.RESULTSThe principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the normalised tryptophan spectra allowed the gels made with camel milk to be differentiated from those of cow milk on the one hand, and to monitor protein structure modifications during the gelation, on the other hand. The common components and specific weights analysis (CCSWA) applied jointly to the fluorescence and rheological data sets permitted a clear separation of raw milk gels from those preheated at 50 and 70 °C.CONCLUSIONThe front‐face fluorescence spectroscopy method coupled with multi‐variate statistical analyses showed a high capacity for studying changes in the micelle structure throughout the rennet‐induced coagulation process. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Dry matter yield, chemical composition and estimated extractable protein of legume and grass species during the spring growth
Authors: Solati Zeinab , Jørgensen Uffe , Eriksen Jørgen , Søegaard Karen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDKnowledge of the variation of extractable protein amount in legumes and grasses as affected by harvest time is important for identifying optimal combinations to enable a high protein production in a biorefinery. The extractability of protein was estimated using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System across six harvests during the spring growth.RESULTSThe estimated extractable protein [g kg−1 dry matter (DM)] defined as the easily available fractions B1+B2 was significantly higher in white clover and lucerne at all harvests while, if the more cell wall attached fraction B3 can be extracted, white clover had the highest extractable protein amongst all species. Total yield of B1+B2 per ha was higher in white clover and red clover at the early growth while B1+B2+B3 was by far the highest for red clover through all harvests.CONCLUSIONWhite clover could be a good candidate for protein production purpose in a biorefinery due to its high extractable protein content per kg DM. In order to maximise the protein production capacity, harvest should take place during early growth due to a decline in protein extractability with maturity. The final economy of the concept will depend on the value of the fibre after extraction of the protein. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of unconventional oilseeds (safflower, poppy, hemp, camelina) on in vitro ruminal methane production and fermentation
Authors: Wang Shaopu , Kreuzer Michael , Braun Ueli , Schwarm Angela 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDDietary supplementation with oilseeds can reduce methane emission in ruminants, but only a few common seeds have been tested so far. This study tested safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), poppy (Papaver somniferum), hemp (Cannabis sativa), and camelina (Camelina sativa) seeds in vitro using coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) as positive controls.RESULTSAll the tested oilseeds suppressed methane yield (mL g−1 dry matter, up to 21%) compared to the non‐supplemented control when provided at 70 g oil kg−1 dry matter, and they were as effective as coconut oil. Safflower and hemp were more effective than linseed (21% and 18% vs. 10%), whereas the effects of poppy and camelina were similar to linseed. When methane was related to digestible organic matter, only hemp and safflower seeds and coconut oil were effective compared to the non‐supplemented control (up to 11%). The level of methanogenesis and the ratios of either the n‐6:n‐3 fatty acids or C18:2:C18:3 in the seed lipids were not related.CONCLUSIONUnconventional oilseeds widen the spectrum of oilseeds that can be used in dietary methane mitigation. In vivo confirmation of their methane mitigating effect is still needed, and their effects on animal performance still must be determined. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessing the effect of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural on selected components of immune responses in mice immunised with ovalbumin
Authors: Alizadeh Mohammad , Khodaei Hamed , Mesgari Abbasi Mehran , Saleh‐Ghadimi Sevda 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUND5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) is one of the most important products of the Maillard reaction. In recent years, many profitable biological effects of this compound have been demonstrated. This study sought to elucidate the anti‐allergic effect of 5‐HMF by investigating some selected components of the immune response in BALB/c mice immunised with ovalbumin (OVA).RESULTSImmunised animals had an increased level of serum total and OVA‐specific antibodies when compared to the control (P < 0.01).We found that the OVA‐induced increase in serum IgE and OVA‐specific IgE were significantly suppressed in the groups treated with 5‐HMF (P < 0.05). Moreover, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) were significantly reduced in a dose‐independent manner when compared to the sensitised group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION5‐HMF inhibited the up‐regulation of total and OVA‐specific IgE through the suppression of the Th2‐type immune response in immunised BALB/c mice. 5‐HMF could therefore be a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of IgE‐mediated allergic diseases. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Fluorescence hyperspectral imaging technique for foreign substance detection on fresh‐cut lettuce
Authors: Mo Changyeun , Kim Giyoung , Kim Moon S , Lim Jongguk , Cho Hyunjeong , Barnaby Jinyoung Yang , Cho Byoung‐Kwan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDNon‐destructive methods based on fluorescence hyperspectral imaging (HSI) techniques were developed to detect worms on fresh‐cut lettuce. The optimal wavebands for detecting the worms were investigated using the one‐way ANOVA and correlation analyses.RESULTSThe worm detection imaging algorithms, RSI‐I(492–626)/492, provided a prediction accuracy of 99.0%. The fluorescence HSI techniques indicated that the spectral images with a pixel size of 1 × 1 mm had the best classification accuracy for worms.CONCLUSIONThe overall results demonstrate that fluorescence HSI techniques have the potential to detect worms on fresh‐cut lettuce. In the future, we will focus on developing a multi‐spectral imaging system to detect foreign substances such as worms, slugs and earthworms on fresh‐cut lettuce. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry