bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gray Matters on Screen: Intelligence Agencies, Secret Societies, and Hollywood Movies
Authors: Franz Aaron 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe normally think of government agencies as acting in a purely rational and instrumental way. In the case of intelligence agencies, we presume they rely on reason and science to protect the national interest. By contrast, the general view of secret societies and occult groups is that they engage in rituals and practices that have little or nothing to do with normal social intercourse, or even with reality. This article shows that these common assumptions are false, and that secret societies and intelligence agencies share many important traits. Our understanding of the CIA's role in supporting the production of Hollywood movies will be enhanced by taking these similarities into account. Intelligence work and the operations of secret societies are shown to overlap in five categories: religious underpinnings, occult practices to control the mind, cryptography, violations of social convention, and cryptic transparency—the ability to carry out secret activities in plain sight. These affinities explain why the CIA can promote movies that are actually quite candid in their revelation of the dark underside of the Agency. In so doing, the CIA projects a subliminal message that whatever questionable actions it takes are justified by a higher good, which can only be known by insiders.
Edward Snowden, Frenemy of the State
Authors: Tarzie  
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Edward Snowden whistleblowing event is a calculated spectacle of pseudo‐dissidence that has more in common with Hollywood‐produced propaganda than with genuine whistleblowing. This article presents evidence that Snowden has lied on a number of occasions, calling his credibility into question. Nothing that Snowden has revealed was truly a secret, since several previous whistleblowers had reported, since 2002, about illegal mass surveillance of American citizens by the National Security Agency. Snowden's most striking difference from other NSA whistleblowers is the warm embrace from mainstream media, which has made him a celebrity. The 1998 theatrical film Enemy of the State contained the same sorts of revelations offered by Snowden, and imparts a number of messages to its audience about the security state that are strikingly similar to recurring messages in the Snowden Affair. Since that movie was made with assistance from the CIA these similarities are important to considering how authentic and socially useful his whistleblowing is. It seems evident from Snowden's support for the renewal of the Patriot Act (now the Freedom Act), that he objectively serves the interests of the surveillance state, rather than the public it spies upon.
Why are the Pentagon and the CIA in Hollywood?
Authors: Secker Tom , Alford Matthew 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe CIA and the U.S. Department of Defense are both engaged in programs to influence the content of movies produced by Hollywood studios. Although they claim their only purpose in these ventures is to guarantee the accuracy of how military and intelligence activities are conducted, it is clear that their agenda goes beyond that goal. Their true aims include ensuring that movies project a positive image of the relevant government agencies. However, the CIA and DoD differ in their understanding of what constitutes good publicity. Films scrutinized and supported by military agencies are primarily evaluated according to whether they provide a vehicle for showing the technical and organizational competence of the Pentagon. To that end, films based on comic book characters or extraterrestrial invaders are viewed positively because they show the war‐fighting capacity of the military without having to name any actual enemy. The CIA, by contrast, prefers to support films that enable citizens to develop a stronger sense of patriotism in a world of moral ambiguities. As a result, the CIA is much less fearful of revealing the dark side of its undertakings, as long as a given movie presents a story that shows the value of the CIA in protecting the security of the nation.
Learning to Love Biomimetic Killing: How Jurassic World Embraces Life Forms as Weapons
Authors: Andersen Robin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article examines how the latest film in a series of movies about a dinosaur theme park, Jurassic World, became entangled in the politics of military representations in popular culture. Beginning with the ways in which the Pentagon has influenced the film industry in the 9/11 media environment, we go on to detail how Jurassic World enacts the current high‐tech military research into biowarfare—weaponizing animals and defining nature as the ultimate killing machine. In the film, the dino‐stars are harnessed into battle to protect the humans, led by a former Navy soldier who takes a pack of Velociraptors, and filmgoers, on a thrilling hunt to destroy a bioengineered, genetically modified dino‐monster. Though the film offers a commercial critique of designing animals purely for profit, it fails to challenge the profit‐making ties between the military industries, weapons technology, and corporate entertainment media. Character depictions, narrative, and visual and filmic storytelling devices are explored in order to identify the tropes directing the film's message. Ultimately, Jurassic World presents the military's new frontier of biowarfare with enthusiasm, not skepticism, and Hollywood welcomes a “brave new world” in which the biological world has been harnessed for military purposes.
The Many Layers of Meaning of 007
Authors: Dyer Jay 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUntil Umberto Eco developed a semiotic analysis of Ian Fleming's series of novels with James Bond as the protagonist, few literary critics took them seriously. That was a mistake. There are many layers of meaning in Fleming's simple prose, and some of those layers may still elude analysts. The Bond series of books and novels have been mined for ideas about cultural change, sexuality, politics, consumerism, the body as symbol, and other features of the Bond persona. Yet, all of these methods of analysis fail to dig beneath the surface. To fully comprehend the character of James Bond, this article suggests that one must take into account the imperialism of the author, Ian Fleming, who strongly believed in the national destiny of England. Another crucial feature that underlies the motivations of James Bond is the ideology of eugenics, which Fleming wholeheartedly embraced. Finally, some features of the Bond series only make sense if one considers the mystical and alchemical beliefs of Fleming. The heroic archetype of James Bond is not merely a symbol of patriotism. Bond, in a sense, is an alchemist who is able to draw upon elements of fantasy to bring about a purpose that is even higher than nationalism.
Equation and Adequation: The World Traced by the Phillips Curve
Authors: Mann Geoff 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper considers the power of abstract formalization in capitalism, via an account of the politics and geography of an equation. The equation in question lies behind the Phillips curve, which describes the relation between price inflation and unemployment or output. I examine the evolution of the equation and its relation to macroeconomics' renewed emphasis, since the late 1960s, on long‐run monetary neutrality. Considering the Phillips curve and its theoretical and technical armature as social practice, I discuss some of the political and distributional questions that arise from the mode of spatial and temporal abstraction particular to modern macroeconomic analysis and policy‐making. The paper has three parts: a brief history of the Phillips curve, an examination of its modern equation‐form, and an analysis of its part in the dialectical process of “real abstraction”, through which logical space and time prioritize and produce both the spatial “macro” and the temporal “long‐run”.
CSR and the workplace attitudes of irregular employees: The case of subcontracted workers in Korea
Authors: Ali Mohammad A. , Jung Heung‐Jun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in organizational trends to hire irregular workers. This inclination, in a time of great flux and uncertainty, exacerbates human resource issues faced by firms. We argue that corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be an important antecedent to improve the workplace attitudes of irregular workers and as a result reduce the negative impact on organizations of the increased use of an irregular workforce. Hence, we explore the relationship between perceived CSR (composite and disaggregated) and unfairness perception and social relations of subcontracted workers with regular workers. We further attempt to explain these relationships through the mediating effects of psychological contract violation and organizational identity, respectively. Our analysis supports a negative effect of composite and external CSR on unfairness perception and positive effect on social relations. Additionally, our results support partial mediating roles of psychological contract violation and organizational identity. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are also discussed.
Consequences of childhood reading difficulties and behaviour problems for educational achievement and employment in early adulthood
Authors: Smart Diana , Youssef George J. , Sanson Ann , Prior Margot , Toumbourou John W. , Olsson Craig A. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundReading difficulties (RDs) and behaviour problems (BPs) are two common childhood problems that have a high degree of stability and often negatively affect well‐being in both the short and longer terms.AimsThe study aimed to shed light on the unique and joint consequences of these two childhood problems for educational and occupational outcomes in early adulthood.SampleData were drawn from a life‐course longitudinal study of psychosocial development, the Australian Temperament Project.MethodsParent and teacher reports and a standard reading test were used to define four groups of children at 7–8 years: RDs only; BPs only; both problems; and neither problem. These groups were followed forward to ascertain educational attainment and employment status at 19–20 and 23–24 years.ResultsEach childhood problem was a unique risk for poorer educational and occupational outcomes, with co‐occurring problems significantly increasing the risk of poorer educational outcomes. Further analyses revealed that the effects of childhood BPs on occupational status were mediated by secondary school non‐completion, but childhood RDs were not.ConclusionsThe findings point to the importance of screening and early intervention to prevent or minimize the development of these two childhood problems, as well as continuing to support vulnerable children to increase their likelihood of secondary school completion.
Disabled people, medical inadmissibility, and the differential politics of immigration
Authors: Wilton Robert , Hansen Stine , Hall Edward 
Published: March 2017

Key Messages

Medical inadmissibility provisions in Canada's immigration law exclude some disabled applicants on the basis that they would place “excessive demand” on health and social services.
These statutory provisions construct disabled persons as burdensome, with little acknowledgment of the potential contributions such applicants might make to Canada.
Recent legal cases have contested this narrow reading of disability, but have yet to challenge the underlying assumptions of the provision.
A systematic review examining quality of life following pelvic exenteration for locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer
Authors: Rausa E. , Kelly M. E. , Bonavina L. , O'Connell P. R. , Winter D. C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimPelvic exenteration is a complex surgical procedure associated with considerable morbidity. Quality of life (QoL) is a crucial metric of surgical outcome. The aim of this review was to assess the QoL following pelvic exenteration for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and local recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC).MethodA comprehensive search of studies published between 2000 and 2016 that examined QoL outcome following pelvic exenteration was performed. Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Colorectal (FACT‐C), SF‐36 version 2, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ‐C30, and Brief Pain Inventory assessments from these studies were reviewed.ResultsSeven studies reporting on 382 patients were included. Baseline QoL was the strongest predictor of postoperative QoL. Female gender, total pelvic exenteration with or without bone resection, and positive surgical margins were associated with a reduced QoL. In the majority of patients, QoL gradually improved between 2 and 9 months post‐operation.ConclusionQoL is an important patient‐reported outcome. This review highlights factors associated with reduced postoperative QoL that should be borne in mind when surgical resection is being considered.
Surviving in Contemporary Kerala: Reflections from Recent Research in a Fisher Village
Authors: Devika J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThis article is based on mixed‐method field research in Adimalathura, a coastal village in south Kerala, India, which has been identified as one of the poorest communities in the area. Although this fishing community has been facing severe ecological challenges, including massive resource depletion, it has been able to put up stiff resistance to impending dispossession in the face of a large port project actively promoted by the government, most major political parties and globalized capital. This article traces the history of public action and work in Adimalathura since the early 20th century, and reflects on its significance in the context of the present resistance. It examines the role of women in bolstering the community in times of severe challenges to men's livelihoods, and highlights the importance of women's provisioning work. Ultimately, the author cautions against exaggerating community strength and the capacities of the women even when they are able to utilize available resources competently.
The influence of nest site selection on the population dynamics of Africanized honey bees in an urban landscape
Authors: Birt Andrew G. , Chen Szu‐Hung V. , Baum Kristen A. , Tchakerian Maria D. , Coulson Robert N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUrban landscapes provide habitat for many species, including domesticated and feral honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). With recent losses of managed honey bee colonies, there is increasing interest in feral honey bee colonies and their potential contribution to pollination services in agricultural, natural, and urban settings. However, in some regions the feral honey bee population consists primarily of Africanized honey bees. Africanized honey bees (AHB) are hybrids between European honey bees and the African honey bee, Apis mellifera scutellataLepeletier, and have generated economic, ecological, and human health concerns because of their aggressive behavior. In this study, we used two long‐term datasets (7–10 years) detailing the spatial and temporal distribution of AHB colonies in Tucson, AZ, USA, where feral colonies occupy a variety of cavities including water meter boxes. A stage‐structured matrix model was used to elucidate the implications of nest site selection and the effects of colony terminations on the structure and dynamics of the AHB population. Our results suggest that Tucson's AHB population is driven by a relatively small number of ‘source’ colonies that escape termination (ca. 0.165 colonies per km2 or 125 colonies in total), although immigrating swarms and absconding colonies from the surrounding area may have also contributed to the stability of the Tucson AHB population. Furthermore, the structure of the population has likely been impacted by the number and spatial distribution of water meter boxes across the city. The study provides an example of how urban wildlife populations are driven by interactions among landscape structure, human management, and behavioral traits conferred by an invasive genotype.
An in situ method for real‐time measurement of gas transport in soil
Authors: Laemmel T. , Maier M. , Schack‐Kirchner H. , Lang F. 
Published: March 2017

SummarySoil aeration is central to the biogeochemistry of soil. Gas transport in soil is governed mainly by molecular diffusion and depends on the soil gas diffusion coefficient (DS). Several methods exist to determine this property based on field and laboratory measurements. These methods, however, are unsuitable for continuous monitoring of DS over time. Moreover, non‐diffusive processes can affect gas transport in soil during certain situations that last several hours only and discontinuous measurements might fail to identify such processes. We developed a novel in situ method for the real‐time monitoring of gas transport in soil. Helium (He) was injected continuously into the soil and the resulting steady‐state gas profile was monitored. We used a gas sampling probe with very permeable membranes, which enables passive sampling of the soil gas at different depths. The DS profile was modelled by inverse finite‐element modelling (FEM) of an exact geometrical model of the sampler and soil. Molecular diffusion was assumed to be the only process of gas transport. The method was tested in the laboratory with different granular materials and in two field studies. The DS values obtained with this new method agreed well with reference measurements from soil cores and diffusion models. Soil gas diffusivity was monitored over a few days that included a major rain event. During this period the effect of increasing soil moisture on gas transport in soil could be observed in real time. Our novel method is suitable for monitoring gas transport in soil over several days. This enables the monitoring and investigation of situations including non‐diffusive transport processes that result from barometric pressure changes or strong wind events.Highlights

We present a novel method for in situ monitoring of gas transport in soil.
Helium was continuously injected into the soil and its distribution in the soil modelled.
Soil gas diffusivity profiles determined in situ agreed well with laboratory measurements of DS.
Our novel method is ideal for the investigation of specific situations in gas transport in soil.
Volvulus of the large colon in a neonatal foal
Authors: du Preez S. , Trope G. D. , Owens C. , Hughes K. J. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA one‐day‐old Thoroughbred colt foal was presented for assessment of abdominal pain and reduced urine output. Physical examination of the foal revealed marked abdominal distension, mild tachycardia, tachypnoea and congested mucous membranes. A marked anechoic peritoneal effusion, intestinal hypomotility and mural thickening of the large colon were detected sonographically. Serosanguinous fluid was obtained by abdominocentesis. After haemodynamic stabilisation, the foal underwent general anaesthesia and exploratory laparotomy and a 720° volvulus of the large colon at the sternal and diaphragmatic flexures was identified. After correction of the volvulus, the intraoperative findings were consistent with nonviability of the affected portion of the colon. The owner declined partial colon resection and elected for euthanasia of the foal. Although rare in neonatal foals, large colon volvulus should be considered in foals with signs of abdominal pain, abdominal distension and ultrasonographic findings of colonic mural thickening and luminal distension.
A pulmonary metastatic model of murine melanoma assessed by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Numata Takafumi , Kiryu Shigeru , Maeda Tatsuo , Egusa Chizu , Tsuboi Ryoji , Harada Kazutoshi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors and kinase inhibitors have improved prognosis of malignant melanoma (MM) patients. However, these therapies cannot completely overcome the metastasis of MM. Thus, development of new therapy against metastasis should be required. A first step towards this goal, the aim of this study, is to establish a model of pulmonary metastasis from primary cutaneous MM and a monitoring system. B16‐F10, a murine melanoma cell line, was subcutaneously injected into the pinna of mice. The pinna was excised when the lesion was detected. A metastatic nodule on T2‐weighted imaging was detected 4 weeks after resection of the pinna. Lung metastases were observed in 37.5% (6/16) of the specimens. We established a novel murine model of the high pulmonary metastasis of MM. The MRI was useful for observations of the growth of the metastatic lesions in the lungs without dissection.
Type IV collagen aggregates promote keratinocyte proliferation and formation of epidermal layer in human skin equivalents
Authors: Matsuura‐Hachiya Yuko , Arai Koji Y. , Muraguchi Taichi , Sasaki Tasuku , Nishiyama Toshio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractType IV collagen isolated from lens capsule without enzymatic treatment is known to form a gel under physiological condition and influences cellular activities. In case of human keratinocytes, the suppression of proliferation on reconstituted type IV collagen gels was reported in monolayer culture. In this study, we examined effects of type IV collagen isolated from porcine lens capsule on epidermal formation in human skin equivalents (HSEs). Type IV collagen aggregates were prepared under the culture condition and the aggregates suppressed keratinocyte proliferation in monolayer culture as well as the culture on the gels. In HSEs, type IV collagen aggregates were reconstituted on the surface of contracted collagen gels containing human dermal fibroblasts and the keratinocytes were then cultured on the aggregates for 14 days. Interestingly, in HSEs with type IV collagen aggregates, the BrdU‐positive keratinocytes were increased and the thickness of the epidermal layer was around twice than that of control culture. Epidermal differentiation markers were expressed in the upper layer of the epidermis and the defined deposition of human basement membrane components were increased at the dermal‐epidermal junction. These results indicate that the type IV collagen aggregates stimulate the proliferation of basal keratinocytes and improve the stratification of epidermal layers in HSEs.
Stepfamily Relationship Quality and Children's Internalizing and Externalizing Problems
Authors: Jensen Todd M. , Lippold Melissa A. , Mills‐Koonce Roger , Fosco Gregory M. 
Published: March 2017

The stepfamily literature is replete with between‐group analyses by which youth residing in stepfamilies are compared to youth in other family structures across indicators of adjustment and well‐being. Few longitudinal studies examine variation in stepfamily functioning to identify factors that promote the positive adjustment of stepchildren over time. Using a longitudinal sample of 191 stepchildren (56% female, mean age = 11.3 years), the current study examines the association between the relationship quality of three central stepfamily dyads (stepparent–child, parent–child, and stepcouple) and children's internalizing and externalizing problems concurrently and over time. Results from path analyses indicate that higher levels of parent–child affective quality are associated with lower levels of children's concurrent internalizing and externalizing problems at Wave 1. Higher levels of stepparent–child affective quality are associated with decreases in children's internalizing and externalizing problems at Wave 2 (6 months beyond baseline), even after controlling for children's internalizing and externalizing problems at Wave 1 and other covariates. The stepcouple relationship was not directly linked to youth outcomes. Our findings provide implications for future research and practice.