bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attempted suicide in people with co-occurring bipolar and substance use disorders
Authors: Mustapha S. Ben , Homri W. , Jouini L. , Labbane R. 
Published: June 2017

Aims Study the impact of SUD co-morbidity on suicide risk in patients with BD.MethodsCase-control study during a period of six months from July 2015 to December 2015. One hundred euthymic patients with BD (type I, II or unspecified) were recruited in the department of psychiatry C Razi Hospital, during their follow-up. Two groups were individualized by the presence or not of a SUD co-morbidity.ResultsThe average age of patients with SUD was 44.02 years that of the patients without SUD was 44.12 years.The sex ratio of patients with SUD was 5.25 and that of patients without SUD were 0.61.Twenty-six percent of patients with SUD comorbidity had a history of suicide attempts. Fourteen percent of patients without SUD had a history of suicide attempts.The association between SUD and history of suicide attempts was not significant (P = 0.134).The average suicide attempts were 3.08 for patients with addictive behaviors and 2.00 for patients without SUD.The association between SUD and the number of suicide attempts was not significant (P = 0.375).The means of suicide attempts used were drugs in 12% of cases, 3% of cases by phlebotomy, 3% of cases by hanging, 3% of cases immolation, 2% of cases of organophosphate ingestion, 3% of cases by defenestration, 3% of cases by the precipitation front of a vehicle and 1% of cases by drowning.ConclusionsCo-morbid SUD in individuals with BD is significantly associated with suicide attempts. Individuals with this co-morbidity should be targeted for intensive suicide prevention efforts.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Improving dual diagnosis care in acute psychiatric inpatient settings through education
Authors: Bonnie K. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundPatients with co-existing substance use and mental disorder (dual diagnosis) have complex and challenging care needs. Acute psychiatric care settings play a vital role in providing services for patients with dual diagnosis as they often do not voluntarily seek treatment. This is significant in that recent data reveals that 57% of the psychiatric inpatients at an inner city hospital in Vancouver, Canada are characterized as dual diagnosis.PurposeTo develop an educational module which will equip nurses/practitioners with the skills and knowledge required to deliver evidence-based dual diagnosis care in acute psychiatric settings.MethodsA survey of 74 nurses working in acute psychiatric settings was completed to identify their learning needs and challenges. This was followed by a comprehensive review of evidence from literature to identify competencies, knowledge and skills needed to deliver dual diagnosis care. Content for the educational module was then validated by a panel of leading international experts on dual diagnosis. Two focus groups of acute psychiatric nurses were then conducted to discuss content. An 8 hour educational session was then developed and piloted using the content that was reviewed and validated.ResultsThirteen content areas were identified and validated by experts. Evaluations from participants of the educational session suggest improved knowledge, skills and competencies in dual diagnosis care.ConclusionsThis project translates evidence into practice, contributes to the body of knowledge on dual diagnosis care and improves practitioners’ confidence and competency in delivering evidence-based care which also will improve patient care outcomes and experiences.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Comparative study of psychiatric comorbidity differences in patients with ADHD and cocaine substance use disorders and patients ADHD and cannabis use disorders
Authors: Martínez-Luna N. , Rodriguez-Cintas L. , Daigre C. , Grau-Lopez L. , Palma-Alvarez R.F. , Esojo A. , Roncero C. 
Published: June 2017

Substance Use Disorders (SUD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) are frequent conditions in out drug treatment centers. There are evidences about the high prevalence of ADHD in SUD patients (20%) compared with just ADHD in general population (1–7.3%). Both disorders and psychiatric comorbidity are important in the diagnosis proceeding. The objective of this study is search the difference in psychiatric comorbidity conditions between patients with ADHD and Cocaine SUD and ADHD and Cannabis SUD. ADHD was present in 158 patients of a total sample in which 46,8% used cocaine, 17.1% cannabis and 36.1% used both. Mood disorders were 26.8% in cocaine users, 21.7% in cannabis and 18.9% in both. Anxiety disorders were 20.3% in cocaine users, 37.5 in cannabis and 13% in both users. Primary psychotic disorders were 2.9% in cocaine users, none in cannabis and 11,1% in both drug users. Personality disorders by cluster were, Cluster A: 11.3% in cocaine group, 36% in cannabis group and 24.5 in cannabis and cocaine group. Cluster B: 33.8% in cocaine group, 44% in cannabis group and 51.9% in cannabis and cocaine group. Cluster C: 9.9% in cocaine group, 28% in cannabis group and 19.2% in cannabis and cocaine group. There could be common pathways of neuronal damage related to psychiatric comorbidity depending of used drug, the differences in comorbidity found in this study could explain a little part of it. It is important to manage SUD-ADHD and other psychiatric comorbidity in order to improve the outcomes of these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Other ways for the treatment of alcohol dependence: A patient treated with nalmefene
Authors: Olivares O. Porta , Ruiz M. Juncal , Revuelta M. Gómez , Santayana Jenaro G. Pardo de , Blanco L. Sánchez , Rodriguez R. Landera , Santos A.B. Pérez , Las Revillas Almajano F. Arnaiz de 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAlcohol dependence belongs to one of the major risk factors to health worldwide. Alcohol consumption is a significant factor for mortality in the world: 6.3% in men and 1.1% in women. The alcohol use disorder is also very common: 5.4% in men, 1.5% in women. Despite its high frequency and severity of this disorder, only 8% of all alcohol dependents are treated once.AimsAn interesting treatment option is geared toward reducing alcohol intake. Some patients in treatment for alcohol use disorder prefer an initial target of reducing consumption. Nalmefene, an antagonist naltrexone associated with opioid receptors, has been authorized in the European Union to help alcohol-dependent patients reduce their consumption. Antagonists’ opiate receptors are associated with reduced reward in relation to alcohol consumption, thus helping patients in reducing energy consumption.MethodsA man of 39 years old, with a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder and depressive disorder and poor outcome despite different types of treatment (as aversive agents) was treated with nalmefene.ResultsAfter a few months, nalmefene had a beneficial effect on the patient, with a significant reduction in the number of days of excessive alcohol consumption and total consumption in the sixth month. In addition, treatment was well tolerated, with no observed secondary effects.ConclusionsNalmefene appears to be effective and safe in reducing heavy drinking. Drugs such as nalmefene have demonstrated efficacy in association with a biopsychosocial approach to help patients achieve their personal objectives for this disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The sofa is better than Freud
Authors: Buffardi G. 
Published: June 2017

When it comes to the therapeutic dialog between doctor and patient, psychiatrist or psychotherapist and user, there are several factors that are taken into consideration, though some of these aren’t of a specific psychological model, they fulfill an important role both in the management of the relationship itself as well as in the care.Their importance in the therapeutic relationship is such that a doctor or a therapist cannot simply manage them by “common sense”, or follow his own propensity for dialogue: he must know them well and he needs a training on their own management with the same precision that is needed for the specific psychological model training.Contrary to widespread belief we think that education on non-specific factors has to be desirable and that the ability to manage them can be implemented both by a deeper understanding as well as by dedicated training tools.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
A rare type primary central nervous system lymphoma with primarily psychiatric diagnosis- a case report
Authors: Cikrikcili U. , Saydam B. , Aktan M. 
Published: June 2017

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a high-grade malignant B-cell non-Hodgkin neoplasm that is an infrequent variant of all intracranial neoplasms (1%) and all lymphomas (< 1%)PCNSL is documented mainly in immunocompromised patient groups, although it may also be diagnosed in immunocompetent patients. It affects mainly the eyes, supratentorial areas, or the spinal cord. The lesions are typically localized in frontal lobes, corpus callosum and basal ganglia. Additionally, lesions might rarely be detected at infratentorial areas and in medulla spinalis. Even though a wide spectrum of treatment options are available, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery; response rates are low and prognosis is poor in spite of appropriate treatment.The case we reported here is 57-year-old male presented with symptoms of aggresivity, impulsivity, depressive mood and personality changes. Histopathological diagnosis was CD5 positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma, which is very rare in high-grade lymphomas. There were no neurological signs related to CNS tumor and the clinical manifestations responded very well to chemotherapy consisting of high dose methotrexate, vincristine and procarbazine. The significance of such neuropsychiatric symptoms in the course of treatment for PCNSL has been previously documented as well. These behavioral and emotional symptoms might manifest themselves based on where the neoplasm is localized. Therefore, psychiatrists should be more aware of the uncommon manifestation of the disorder as reported in this case. Consultation for differential diagnosis might also be necessary in such cases.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Lithium toxicity after bariatric surgery
Authors: De Jonge L. , Petrykiv S. , Fennema J. , Arts M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBariatric surgery is globally increasingly being applied in patients with morbid obesity to achieve permanent weight reduction. More than fifty percent of these patients have a psychiatric disorder in their history and over thirty percent take psychotropic medication. The prevalence of bipolar disorder in patients who undergo bariatric surgery is around four percent, and most of them are treated with lithium.Objectives & aimsTo report and discuss the effect of bariatric surgery on changes in lithium absorption.MethodsWe present all published case studies and literature review on lithium toxicity after bariatric surgery.ResultsTo date; only two case-reports were published with dramatic changes in lithium level after vertical sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery. Within a period of two to five weeks, the patients were presented to the emergency department with signs of dehydration and acute kidney failure.ConclusionClinicians should be aware of dramatic and possibly even life-threatening pharmacokinetic changes in drug absorption that may occur after bariatric surgery. Careful monitoring and even reduction of lithium dosage before and after surgery could potentially prevent serious complications.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Depression in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ellouze F. , Bouali W. , Hidouri B. , Younes S. , Nasr M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDepression is the most common syndrome associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) with a high prevalence during a lifetime.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of depression in patients treated in neurology for MS.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study on 17 patients diagnosed with MS and confirmed with the criteria of Mac Donalds 2010 with a follow-up in the neurology department of the EPS Mahdia for a period of nine years (2006–2014), then addressed to a psychiatric consultation for depression.ResultsIn total 17 patients were hospitalised in the neurology department during the study. Ages ranged from 20 to 39 years with an average of 33 years. The average course of the disorder is 5 years. We objectified a female predominance with 82%, a professional activity was found in 76% of patients. The comorbidities found are mainly hypertension, diabetes and asthma, respectively in 11%, 5% and 5%. Depression was clinically confirmed in 9 patients, that to say, 52% of our sample addressed in the psychiatric consultation, whose 6 received an antidepressant (fluoxetine) and 3 received paroxetine. An anxiolytic was given to the half of these patients.ConclusionThe association between MS and depression would, therefore, be neither fortuitous nor only related to non-specific factors of any chronic disease. Specifying the relative share of these explanatory factors is probably one of the challenges for future researches in this area.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The development of a brief 5-minute mindful breathing therapy for the reduction of distress in palliative cancer patients
Authors: Ng C.G. , Tan S.B. , Lai K.T. , Zainal N.Z. , Sulaiman A.H. , Chong J.C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAlthough psychological distress is highly prevalent, palliative cancer patients are mostly too lethargic to undergo many sessions of the conventional psychotherapy.ObjectivesThe study aims to develop a brief, quick and easy to administer psychological intervention for rapid reduction of distress in palliative care patients.MethodsIn phase I, an expert panel of multidisciplinary team was formed. The theory of mindfulness-based intervention was simplified into a 5-minute mindful breathing technique that can be learnt and practiced by palliative care patients.In phase II, the efficacy of 5-minute mindful breathing was investigated in a pilot test that comprised of nine palliative cancer patients and eleven care takers.In Phase III, the efficacy of 5-minute mindful breathing was further examined in a non-blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT) that included 60 cancer patients under palliative care. Apart from perceived distress, physiological measures were assessed.ResultsThe effect of 5-minute mindful breathing in rapidly reducing distress among palliative care patients was confirmed in both the pilot test (Tan et al., 2015) and RCT (Ng et al., 2016). The finding was further supported by the significant physiological changes associated with distress reduction such as decreased breathing rate, blood pressure, pulse rate, galvanic skin and increased skin surface temperature (Ng et al., 2016) with the 5-minute mindful breathing.ConclusionThe 5-minute mindful breathing is a quick and easy to administer intervention that is useful for reducing acute suffering or distress in palliative care patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Morgellon disease: A case report
Authors: Stoimenova-Popova M. , Valtchev V. , Chumpalova P. , Tumbev L. , Veleva I. , Todorov A. , Stoichev K. , Popov P. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundMorgellons disease is a delusional disorder that leads to the belief that one has parasites or foreign material moving in, or coming out of, the skin. The name was coined in 2002 by Mary Leitao; a mother who rejected the medical diagnosis of her son's delusional parasitosis. She revived it from a letter written by a physician in the mid-1600s.ObjectiveIn this case report, we aim to describe the clinical characteristics and manifestation of morgellon disease in 26 years man.Results and discussionBulgarian athlete of 26 years stopped to be actively involved with the sport after a severe contusion to the right knee during the race. Had a joint surgery in the Netherlands and of course when that will not be able to compete more professional sports began to use cannabinoids daily. After three months patient went to dermatologist because of skin rashes and intense itching, crawling sensation on and under the skin. The patient reported that pull out threads from his skin. Dermatologist Initiated treatment with antibiotic creams and corticosteroids. The symptoms persist and the patient has consulted a psychiatrist regarding appeared complaints of fatigue, poor concentration and increased anxiety. Psychiatrist based on clinical and medical history was diagnosed morgellon disease. We started treatment with risperidone in increasing doses up to 2 mg/day. After a month the patient has a significant reduction of symptoms.ConclusionMorgellons disease is a little-known disorder that is often associated with non-specific skin, nerve, and psychiatric symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Understanding the cultural concept of “highly sensitive person” among bipolar patients
Authors: Ioannou M. , Dellepiane M. , Olsson S. , Steingrimsson S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe concept of “highly sensitive person” is a cultural concept, which has become popular in western societies including Sweden. A highly sensitive person (HSP) is usually described as having hypersensitivity to external stimuli, different cognitive processing and high emotional reactivity. Although the concept lacks diagnostic validity, psychiatric patients may refer to this concept.AimsTo examine the feasibility of the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) and the clinical relevance of cultural concepts of distress among patients with bipolar disorder that report being a HSP.MethodsA case series of three patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder that report HSP. The CFI was conducted with all patients and the applicability of the DSM-5 cultural concepts of distress tested.ResultsIn all three cases, the CFI facilitated the clinical consultation as reported from the patients and in one of the cases also increased the treatment engagement. The HSP-concept could be conceptualized as a cultural syndrome, idiom of distress and as an explanatory model.ConclusionThe CFI and the cultural concepts of distress proved to be useful for understanding the concept of HSP as also they increased the cultural validity of the diagnostic interview. The three cases illustrate the challenges when encountering patients with other cultural references than clinicians. This highlights the necessity to integrate anthropological thinking in our current diagnostic work in order to reduce the “category fallacy” and promote a more person-centered approach in psychiatry.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Impact of illness course perception on desire for social distance towards people suffering from schizophrenia in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Martensen L.K. , Hahn E. , Cao T.D. , Schomerus G. , Dettling M. , Nguyen M.H. , Angermeyer M.C. , Diefenbacher A. , Ta T.M.T. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIn Vietnam, as well as in other low and middle-income countries, stigmatization and discrimination of mentally ill patients is highly prevalent.ObjectivesIt is important to identify determinants of stigmatization in a socio-cultural context as they may reveal anchor points for anti-stigma efforts.AimsThis population based study conducted in urban and rural Hanoi aims to explore whether public perception of prognosis and course of illness concerning people with symptoms indicating schizophrenia have an impact on the desire for social distance, an important factor of stigmatization.MethodsBased on a population survey using unlabelled vignettes for schizophrenia carried out in the greater Hanoi area in 2013, a sum score of the Social Distance Scale was calculated. A regression analysis was carried out to examine the impact perception of prognostic factors on the desire for social distance. The stratification of the sample (n = 455) was representative in terms of gender, age, urbanity and household size to the Hanoi population according to the 2013 census.ResultsFactor analysis revealed three independent factors of prognosis perception:– 1. lifelong dependency on others;– 2. loss of social integration and functioning;– 3. positive expectations towards treatment outcome.Both negative prognostic ideas (1,2) were significantly correlated with more desire for social distance in schizophrenia.ConclusionStronger desire for social distance was observed among people with negative expectations about the prognosis of persons suffering from psychotic symptoms. Thus, our study indicates a link between social acceptance and ability to maintain a social role in the Vietnamese society.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Ethno-cultural predictors, which determine features of cognitive behavioral therapy of persons with PTSD
Authors: Sulaimanova M. , Sulaimanov R. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveStudy of the predictors of ethno-cultural adaptation among male population with PTSD.Materials and methodsWe examined 72 males (age: 18–52) with PTSD (F43.1), acquired in interethnic Kyrgyz-Uzbek conflict. In the process of CBT 3 psychotherapeutic groups were formed: 1st (2 homogenous subgroups) included 24 ethnic Kyrgyz, 2nd (2 homogenous subgroups): 24 ethnic Uzbeks, 3rd (2 heterogeneous subgroups): 12 Uzbeks, 12 Kyrgyz.MethodsSemi-formalized interview, standardized scales for evaluating PTSD, anxiety, depression, aggression, loneliness.ResultsHigh levels of aggressiveness among Kyrgyz: 52.4, among Uzbeks: 51.7 (P < 0.05), loneliness among Kyrgyz: 38.9, among Uzbeks: 46.2 (P < 0.05), anxiety among Kyrgyz: 48.8, among Uzbeks: 52.4 (P < 0.05), depression among Kyrgyz: 57.5, among Uzbeks: 61.1 (P < 0.05) are mutually conditioning factors. In the CBT process, the values decreased: in 1st group anxiety level to 44.4 (P < 0.05), depression: 54.2 (P < 0.05); aggressiveness: 48.2 (P < 0.05), loneliness: 38.4 (P < 0.05); in 2nd: anxiety: 49.4 (P < 0.05), depression: 59.8 (P < 0.05), aggressiveness: 47.3 (P < 0.05), loneliness: 42.4 (P < 0.05); in 3rd: anxiety: 41,1 (P < 0.05), depression: 52.2 (P < 0.05), aggressiveness: 46.5 (P < 0.05), loneliness: 35.5 (P < 0.05).ConclusionsHigh levels of aggressiveness and loneliness among the respondents of both ethnic groups are the predictors of PTSD. Emphasized anxiety-phobic (group 1) and anxiety-depressive (group 2) disorders are the activating mechanisms of adaptation processes in micro-society (psychotherapeutic group). Dominating anxiety-phobic disorders (group 1), anxiety-depressive disorders (group 2), and their entanglement with values of aggressiveness and loneliness determine development and stability of clinical-psychopathologic manifestations as dysthymic disorders, which is an indicator for biological treatment. Heterogeneous group, as a result of CBT, has shown activation of psychological adaptation mechanism by the dissociative type, which is one of the mechanisms of ethno-cultural adaptation and requires subsequent research.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.