bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Corporal Punishment among Creole and Maroon Professionals and Community Members in Suriname
Authors: van der Kooij Inger W. , Nieuwendam Josta , Moerman Gerben , Boer Frits , Lindauer Ramón J. L. , Roopnarine Jaipaul L. , Graafsma Tobi L. G. 
Published: July 2017

Child discipline is a vital part of child‐rearing in all cultures. The need for child discipline is generally recognised, but considerable debate exists regarding the best methods. Corporal punishment (CP) is a dominant practice in Caribbean cultures. This qualitative study investigated community perceptions of the function, legality and boundaries of CP in child‐rearing practices in Suriname, in which CP is defined as hitting a child on their buttocks or extremities using an open hand. Twelve focus group discussions were conducted with adolescent and adult community members from Creole and Maroon backgrounds, as well as with professionals working with children. ATLAS.ti (version 7.5.4), a qualitative data package, was used to conduct the analyses. This study showed how violent forms of disciplining children are widely accepted and practised in Suriname. CP is considered a necessary and respected form of disciplining children, particularly by parents. Participants know about the existence of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child that has been ratified in Suriname, but there is a lack of knowledge about its content. Developing appropriate policy responses to violence towards children requires understanding of the perception and use of CP. Such knowledge is needed to tackle the invisibility and social acceptance of violence in child discipline.Key Practitioner Messages

Under certain circumstances, Corporal Punishment (CP) is accepted and applied in Suriname, despite growing knowledge of its harmful consequences.
While participants considered the lawfulness of behaviour, they were primarily interested in the intentions of the caretakers when using CP If these were interpreted ‘in the best interest of the child’, CP was not considered maltreatment.
Understanding of what motivates caregivers to use CP helps in developing appropriate policy responses in order to prevent and respond to violence towards children.
Policy Assemblage in Taiwan's Child Protection Reforms: Policy Mixture, Policy Regime Change and Shifting Policy Challenges
Authors: Lin Yei‐Whei 
Published: July 2017

For the last two decades, East Asia has witnessed a wave of child protection reforms. In this paper, the case of Taiwan is selected for study because of its rich experiences in this respect. With the adoption of a policy assemblage perspective, this case study aims to explain Taiwan's policy regime transformation and the shifting policy challenges. The interplay between the imported US policy model and local circumstances is found to have triggered the subsequent reform acts. In particular, with ongoing assembling of programmes borrowed from the USA, Taiwan has transformed the policy regime into a managerialist one. Moreover, through consideration of policy governance, the evolving policy regime is found to be fraught with challenges, in particular, retaining a sufficient and committed workforce for policy delivery. Based on the research findings, a more balanced reform approach towards child protection is recommended for the policy stakeholders of developing countries when pursuing relevant reform acts.‘This case study aims to explain Taiwan's policy regime transformation and the shifting policy challenges’Key Practitioner Messages

Learning and assembling the policy ideas and programmes of developed countries have been the mainstream approach to child protection reforms in other parts of world, including East Asia.
Different assemblages of international policy ideas and programmes often lead to an evolving child protection regime and shifting policy challenges.
Practitioners are advised to adopt a more balanced consideration of three major dimensions of child protection governance: system input, system capacity and system effectiveness.
‘Assembling the policy ideas and programmes of developed countries has been the mainstream approach to child protection reforms’
A Cross‐Country Comparison of Child Welfare Systems and Workers' Responses to Children Appearing to be at Risk or in Need of Help
Authors: Berrick Jill , Dickens Jonathan , Pösö Tarja , Skivenes Marit 
Published: July 2017

This paper compares how frontline staff in four national child welfare systems and policy contexts – Finland, Norway, England and the USA (specifically, California) – respond to questions about a scenario of possible harm to children. The countries have different child welfare systems that we anticipated would be reflected in the workers' responses (n = 1027). The analysis shows differences and similarities between the systems, although often not in line with system expectations. There is also variation within the country samples. The study shows the complex interactions of individual and agency characteristics in addition to the role of proceduralised decision‐making systems and professional discretion.‘Compares how frontline staff in four national child welfare systems and policy contexts... respond to... a scenario of possible harm to children’Key Practitioner Messages

Professional discretion differs.
Proceduralised and high threshold systems result in less variation between workers' responses.
System categories do not seem to capture the nuances of frontline decision‐making.
Characterization of Biomimetic Cofactors According to Stability, Redox Potentials, and Enzymatic Conversion by NADH Oxidase from Lactobacillus pentosus
Authors: Nowak Claudia , Pick André , Csepei Lénárd‐István , Sieber Volker 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOxidoreductases are attractive biocatalysts that convert achiral substrates into products of higher value, but they are also for the most part dependent on nicotinamide cofactors. Recently, biomimetic nicotinamide derivatives have received attention as less costly alternatives to natural cofactors. However, recycling of biomimetics is still challenging because there are only limited opportunities. Here, we have characterized various biomimetic cofactors with regard to stability and redox potentials to find the best alternative to natural cofactors. Further, the cofactor spectrum of NADH oxidase from Lactobacillus pentosus (LpNox) could be expanded, and the enzymatic activity was also compared to activities with different small‐molecule catalysts. As a result, we succeeded in identifying several strategies for regeneration of oxidized biomimetics.
High‐Efficiency Na‐Storage Performance of a Nickel‐Based Ferricyanide Cathode in High‐Concentration Electrolytes for Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Wanfeng , Zhang Fang , Xiang Xingde , Zhang Xiucheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNickel‐based ferricyanides have attracted much attention as cathode materials for aqueous sodium‐ion batteries, owing to their room‐temperature synthesis and open structural framework. However, factors affecting their electrochemical performance are still not clear. Herein, the effect of electrolyte concentrations on electrochemical properties of the ferricyanide cathode has been investigated by combining cyclic voltammetry, charge/discharge tests, and electrochemical impedance microscopy. It is found that high‐concentration electrolyte can not only raise the working potential, owing to increased activity of Na+ ions, but also increase the initial coulombic efficiency due to suppression of side reactions. The optimized electrolyte enables it cycling with an initial coulombic efficiency of 99.3 %, excellent high‐rate capability (68.1 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C and 63.1 mAh g−1 at 10 C), and outstanding cycling stability (96.3 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 10 C). The finding indicates that designing high‐concentration electrolytes is an effective strategy to improve electrochemical performance of ferricyanide cathodes for aqueous sodium‐ion batteries.
Synthesis of Water‐Soluble Palladium Nanoparticles Stabilized by Sulfonated N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Asensio Juan M. , Tricard Simon , Coppel Yannick , Andrés Román , Chaudret Bruno , de Jesús Ernesto 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA strategy involving the decomposition of palladium(II) organometallic complexes with sulfonated N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands leads to the formation of stable and water‐soluble Pd nanoparticles. Three different methodologies (thermal decomposition, reduction under 13CO atmosphere, and reduction with H2) gave particles with different shapes and sizes, ranging from 1.5 to 7 nm. The structures of the organometallic intermediates and organic decomposition products were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. To check the accessibility of the surface, the nanoparticles were tested as catalysts for the chemoselective hydrogenation of styrene in water. An effect of the particle size on the catalyst activity was observed. The aqueous phase was recycled up to ten times without any precipitation of metallic palladium.
Self‐Assembled CoS Nanoflowers Wrapped in Reduced Graphene Oxides as the High‐Performance Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Pang Qiang , Meng Yuan , Gao Yu , Wang Chunzhong , Liu Bingbing , Wei Yingjin , Du Fei , Chen Gang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIt remains a big challenge to identify high‐performance anode materials to promote practical applications of sodium‐ion batteries. Herein, the facile synthesis of CoS nanoflowers wrapped in reduced graphene oxides (RGO) is reported, and their sodium storage properties are systematically studied in comparison with bare CoS. The CoS@RGO nanoflowers deliver a high reversible capacity of 620 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and superior rate capability with discharge capacity of 329 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1, much higher than those of the bare CoS. Evidenced by electrochemical impedance spectra and ex‐situ SEM images, the improvement in the sodium storage performance is found to be due to the introduction of RGO which serves as a conducting matrix, to not only increase the kinetic properties of CoS, but also buffer the volume change and maintain the integrity of working electrodes during (de)sodiation processes. More importantly, the pseudocapacitive contribution of more than 89 % is only observed in the CoS@RGO nanocomposites, owing to the enhanced specific area and surface redox behavior.
[Au(9‐methylcaffein‐8‐ylidene)2]+/DNA Tel23 System: Solution, Computational, and Biological Studies
Authors: Papi Francesco , Bazzicalupi Carla , Ferraroni Marta , Massai Lara , Bertrand Benoît , Gratteri Paola , Colangelo Donato , Messori Luigi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPhysicochemical methods have been used to investigate interactions occurring in solution between the dicarbene gold(I) complex [Au(9‐methylcaffein‐8‐ylidene)2]BF4 (AuNHC) and a human telomeric DNA sequence, namely Tel23. Circular dichroism measurements allow identification of the conformational changes experienced by Tel23 upon interaction with AuNHC, and the respective binding stoichiometries and constants were determined. Computational studies provide a good link between previous crystallographic results of the same system and the present solution data, offering an exhaustive description of the inherent noncovalent metallodrug–DNA interactions. Remarkably, we found that a preformed AuNHC/Tel23 adduct is capable of producing strong and selective inhibition of the enzyme telomerase. The latter feature is mechanistically relevant and might account for the conspicuous in vitro anticancer properties of the investigated dicarbene gold(I) complex.
A Microfluidic Device for Rapid Screening of E. coli O157:H7 Based on IFAST and ATP Bioluminescence Assay for Water Analysis
Authors: Ngamsom Bongkot , Truyts Alma , Fourie Louis , Kumar Shavon , Tarn Mark D. , Iles Alexander , Moodley Klariska , Land Kevin J. , Pamme Nicole 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present a simple microfluidic system for rapid screening of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 employing the specificity of immunomagnetic separation (IMS) via immiscible filtration assisted by surface tension (IFAST), and the sensitivity of the subsequent adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay by the bioluminescence luciferin/luciferase reaction. The developed device was capable of detecting E. coli O157:H7 from just 6 colony forming units (CFU) in 1 mL spiked buffer within 20 min. When tested with wastewater discharged effluent samples, without pre‐concentration, the device demonstrated the ability to detect 104 CFU per mL seeded; suggesting great potential for point‐of‐need microbiological water quality monitoring.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary Δ4‐ and Δ5‐Dehydroprolines Based on a Two‐Step Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition of α‐Aryl and α‐Alkyl Isocyano(thio)acetates with Vinyl Ketones
Authors: Odriozola Amaiur , Oiarbide Mikel , Palomo Claudio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA divergent synthesis of optically active quaternary Δ4‐ and Δ5‐dehydro prolines is developed based on the first catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of α‐substituted isocyano(thio)acetates to vinyl ketones that is general for both α‐aryl and α‐alkyl isocyano(thio)acetates. The new tetrasubstituted C−N stereocenter is formed without the need of any metal salt due to a bifunctional tertiary amine/squaramide catalyst, featuring a bulky polyaryl sidearm and an unusually short squaramide diamide H⋅⋅⋅H interatomic distance in the solid state.
G‐Quadruplex‐Mediated Molecular Switching of Self‐Assembled 3D DNA Nanocages
Authors: Tam Dick Yan , Leung Hoi Man , Chan Miu Shan , Lo Pik Kwan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe demonstrated a strategy to reversibly extend and contract 3D DNA nanocages based on G‐rich DNA strands as scaffolds in the presence of K+ or chelating agents. The contraction and extension of nanocage would be regulated by formation and deformation of G‐quadruplex in the presence of K+ ions and chelating agents, respectively. Compared to single telomeric DNA strands, self‐assembled 3D DNA nanocages integrated with three HTLs act as horseradish peroxidase mimicking DNAzymes for colorimetric detection and monitoring of cholesterol with high stability toward nuclease and blood serum degradations. This is the first example of facile construction of 3D DNA nanostructures with contractile, reversible, and catalytic features based on the assembly and disassembly of G‐quadruplexes. This work offers a new platform for manipulation of nanoscale conformational changes and a step forward in obtaining stimuli‐responsive 3D DNA nanomaterials with versatile reactivity and functionalities.
DroidAuditor: A framework for auditing covert communication on Android
Authors: Qiang Weizhong , Xin Shifan , Jin Hai , Sun Guozhong 
Published: July 2017

SummaryExploitation of covert channels in smartphone operating systems may lead to furtive data transmission between applications with different permissions, which might threaten users' privacy. Restricting the access to shared system resources can effectively prevent the exploitation of known covert channels. However, it inevitably limits the normal usage of those resources. In this paper, we propose a general method that detects covert channel attack at runtime without impacting the accessibility of shared resources in the system. The main idea of the method is to track and audit the use of system resources known as potential covert channel variables and impose interferences on those channels to reduce their capacity once violations are detected. We implement a prototype framework, which is able to audit and interfere covert communication both in the application layer and in the native layer of Android. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can effectively reduce the data rate of user‐defined covert channels while the overhead is negligible.
Fitting long‐tailed distribution to empirical data
Authors: Gil Joseph (Yossi) , Monni Cristina 
Published: July 2017

SummaryPower laws can fit a variety of distributions coming from real data, so a systematic approach to the measurement of the accuracy of fitting algorithms is essential. We discuss the limits of the analysis of empirical fat‐tailed distributions, which can describe a variety of evolving systems, both natural and man‐made. An algorithm to fit fat‐tailed distributions is presented and tested against samplings of the power law, the Yule, the log‐normal, and Weibull distributions. We compute the parameters defining the shape of each distribution and test the results against simulations. We compare our method with another state‐of‐the‐art technique to estimate the parameters of empirical distributions. The accuracy of the estimations is discussed, and we conclude that our method based on a weighted iterated χ2 test performs better than the other. Our algorithm is general and can be applied to any numerical dataset.
What approaches for promoting shared decision‐making are used in child mental health? A scoping review
Authors: Cheng Helen , Hayes Daniel , Edbrooke‐Childs Julian , Martin Kate , Chapman Louise , Wolpert Miranda 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveWhilst the benefits of shared decision‐making (SDM) have been promoted across different health settings, its implementation is complex, particularly for children and young people with mental health difficulties. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and describe SDM approaches (tools, techniques, and technologies) used in child and youth mental health.MethodElectronic databases and grey literature were searched. Papers were included if they satisfied these criteria: English language; described an SDM approach (tool, technique, or technology); included sufficient detail on the SDM approach for quality assessment; did not use only a questionnaire to provide feedback on SDM or related concepts (e.g., therapeutic alliance) without another SDM approach; child or adolescent population (up to 18 years); carers of children or adolescents; and mental health setting. Screening and data extraction were performed by two co‐authors, and each included record was quality assessed against a set of essential ingredients of SDM identified by previous studies.ResultsOf the 8,153 initial results, 22 were eligible for final inclusion. These could be grouped into six approaches: therapeutic techniques, psychoeducational information, decision aids, action planning or goal setting, discussion prompts, and mobilizing patients to engage. The quality of approaches identified ranged from one to seven of the nine essential elements of SDM.ConclusionEvidence suggests that a range of approaches are being developed to support SDM in child and youth mental health. Rigorous research evaluating the effectiveness of these approaches is urgently needed, particularly from the perspective of children and young people.
DUCR: Distributed unequal cluster‐based routing algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
Authors: Mazumdar Nabajyoti , Om Hari 
Published: July 2017

SummaryDesigning energy efficient communication protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to conserve the sensors' energy is one of the prime concerns. Clustering in WSNs significantly reduces the energy consumption in which the nodes are organized in clusters, each having a cluster head (CH). The CHs collect data from their cluster members and transmit it to the base station via a single or multihop communication. The main issue in such mechanism is how to associate the nodes to CHs and how to route the data of CHs so that the overall load on CHs are balanced. Since the sensor nodes operate autonomously, the methods designed for WSNs should be of distributed nature, i.e., each node should run it using its local information only. Considering these issues, we propose a distributed multiobjective‐based clustering method to assign a sensor node to appropriate CH so that the load is balanced. We also propose an energy‐efficient routing algorithm to balance the relay load among the CHs. In case any CH dies, we propose a recovery strategy for its cluster members. All our proposed methods are completely distributed in nature. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in terms of energy consumption and hence prolonging the network lifetime. We compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with some existing algorithms in terms of number of alive nodes, network lifetime, energy efficiency, and energy population.
Fine‐needle aspiration findings of a rare hematopoietic neoplasm presenting as obstructive jaundice
Authors: Tracht Jessica , Ahmed Ali M. , Rosenblum Donath Frida 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA 51‐year‐old female who presented with obstructive jaundice was found to have masses in the pancreatic head and tail as well as suspicious liver and periaortic masses on imaging. Aspiration cytology of the pancreatic tail mass showed abundant large single cells with vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm, marked nuclear pleomorphism, large bizarre irregular nuclei, binucleation, and prominent nucleoli. Numerous cells also showed intracytoplasmic black to brown pigmentation. A cell block was obtained and extensive immunohistochemical staining was performed. S‐100, HMB‐45, Sox10, pancytokeratin, CK7, RCC antigen, synaptophysin, HepPar 1, inhibin, CD45, CD21, and CD123 were negative, making melanoma, epithelial malignancies, lymphoma, follicular dendritic and plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms less likely. CD4 and CD56 showed partial positivity, and CD68, CD163, and CD14 were positive, supporting the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma. Surgical specimens and immunohistochemistry confirmed the cytologic findings. Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare aggressive malignancy of histiocytic origin with most cases presenting in adults in extranodal sites, most commonly the intestinal tract. Few cases are reported in the literature, presenting diagnostic challenges for cytopathologists when seen on fine‐needle aspiration. We present the first reported case of histiocytic sarcoma presenting as a pancreatic mass, diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA). This entity is rarely described on cytology and arose in a location in which EUS‐FNA is the diagnostic modality of choice. This case study highlights that cytopathologists should be aware of histiocytic sarcoma occurring in extranodal locations accessible by EUS‐FNA and be familiar with the cytomorphologic appearance.
Identifying coevolving loci using interspecific genetic correlations
Authors: Nuismer Scott L. , Jenkins Christina E. , Dybdahl Mark F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEvaluating the importance of coevolution for a wide range of evolutionary questions, such as the role parasites play in the evolution of sexual reproduction, requires that we understand the genetic basis of coevolutionary interactions. Despite its importance, little progress has been made identifying the genetic basis of coevolution, largely because we lack tools designed specifically for this purpose. Instead, coevolutionary studies are often forced to re‐purpose single species techniques. Here, we propose a novel approach for identifying the genes mediating locally adapted coevolutionary interactions that relies on spatial correlations between genetic marker frequencies in the interacting species. Using individual‐based multi‐locus simulations, we quantify the performance of our approach across a range of coevolutionary genetic models. Our results show that when one species is strongly locally adapted to the other and a sufficient number of populations can be sampled, our approach accurately identifies functionally coupled host and parasite genes. Although not a panacea, the approach we outline here could help to focus the search for coevolving genes in a wide variety of well‐studied systems for which substantial local adaptation has been demonstrated.