bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supernova-regulated ISM. V. Space and Time Correlations
Authors: Hollins J. F. , Sarson G. R. , Shukurov A. , Fletcher A. , Gent F. A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We apply correlation analysis to random fields in numerical simulations of the supernova-driven interstellar medium (ISM) with the magnetic field produced by dynamo action. We solve the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in a shearing Cartesian box representing a local region of the ISM, subject to thermal and kinetic energy injection by supernova explosions, and parameterized, optically thin radiative cooling. We consider the cold, warm, and hot phases of the ISM separately; the analysis mostly considers the warm gas, which occupies the bulk of the domain. Various physical variables have different correlation lengths in the warm phase:

40
,
50

, and

60

pc

for the random magnetic field, density, and velocity, respectively, in the midplane. The correlation time of the random velocity is comparable to the eddy turnover time, about

10

7

year

, although it may be shorter in regions with a higher star formation rate. The random magnetic field is anisotropic, with the standard deviations of its components

b

x

/

b

y

/

b

z

having approximate ratios

0.5

/

0.6

/

0.6

in the midplane. The anisotropy is attributed to the global velocity shear from galactic differential rotation and locally inhomogeneous outflow to the galactic halo. The correlation length of Faraday depth along the z axis,

120

pc

, is greater than for electron density,

60
–
90

pc

, and the vertical magnetic field,

60

pc

. Such comparisons may be sensitive to the orientation of the line of sight. Uncertainties of the structure functions of synchrotron intensity rapidly increase with the scale. This feature is hidden in a power spectrum analysis, which can undermine the usefulness of power spectra for detailed studies of interstellar turbulence.
The Green Bank Ammonia Survey: Observations of Hierarchical Dense Gas Structures in Cepheus-L1251
Authors: Keown Jared , Di Francesco James , Kirk Helen , Friesen Rachel K. , Pineda Jaime E. , Rosolowsky Erik , Ginsburg Adam , Offner Stella S. R. , Caselli Paola , Alves Felipe , Chacón-Tanarro Ana , Punanova Anna , Redaelli Elena , Seo Young Min , Matzner Christopher D. , Chen Michael Chun-Yuan , Goodman Alyssa A. , Chen How-Huan , Shirley Yancy , Singh Ayushi , Arce Hector G. , Martin Peter , Myers Philip C. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We use Green Bank Ammonia Survey observations of NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2) emission with 32″ FWHM resolution from a ∼10 pc2 portion of the Cepheus-L1251 molecular cloud to identify hierarchical dense gas structures. Our dendrogram analysis of the NH3 data results in 22 top-level structures, which reside within 13 lower-level parent structures. The structures are compact

and are spatially correlated with the highest H2 column density portions of the cloud. We also compare the ammonia data to a catalog of dense cores identified by higher-resolution (18.″2 FWHM) Herschel Space Observatory observations of dust continuum emission from Cepheus-L1251. Maps of kinetic gas temperature, velocity dispersion, and NH3 column density, derived from detailed modeling of the NH3 data, are used to investigate the stability and chemistry of the ammonia-identified and Herschel-identified structures. We show that the dust and dense gas in the structures have similar temperatures, with median T
dust and T

K
measurements of 11.7 ± 1.1 K and 10.3 ± 2.0 K, respectively. Based on a virial analysis, we find that the ammonia-identified structures are gravitationally dominated, yet may be in or near a state of virial equilibrium. Meanwhile, the majority of the Herschel-identified dense cores appear to be not bound by their own gravity and instead confined by external pressure. CCS (20 − 10) and HC5N

emission from the region reveal broader line widths and centroid velocity offsets when compared to the NH3 (1, 1) emission in some cases, likely due to these carbon-based molecules tracing the turbulent outer layers of the dense cores.
Canine Hepatitis Associated with Intrahepatic Bacteria in Three Dogs
Authors: Im Joon , Burney Derek P. , McDonough Sean P. , Nicholson Brigid , Eatroff Adam , Simpson Kenneth W. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThis case report describes the detection of intrahepatic bacteria in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded histopathological sections from three dogs with neutrophilic, pyogranulomatous, or lymphoplasmacytic hepatitis and cholangiohepatitis. In each of these cases, eubacterial fluorescence in situ hybridization enabled colocalization of intrahepatic bacteria with neutrophilic and granulomatous inflammation in samples that were negative for bacteria when evaluated by routine hematoxylin and eosin histopathology augmented with histochemical stains. Positive responses to antimicrobial therapy were observed in of 2 out of 2 patients that were treated with antimicrobials. These findings suggest that eubacterial fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded histopathological sections is more sensitive than conventional histochemical stains for the diagnosis of bacteria-associated canine hepatitis.
In Vitro Evaluation of Evacuated Blood Collection Tubes as a Closed-Suction Surgical Drain Reservoir
Authors: Heiser Brian , Okrasinski E.B. , Murray Rebecca , McCord Kelly 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
The initial negative pressures of evacuated blood collection tubes (EBCT) and their in vitro performance as a rigid closed-suction surgical drain (CSSD) reservoir has not been evaluated in the scientific literature despite being described in both human and veterinary texts and journals. The initial negative pressures of EBCT sized 3, 6, 10, and 15 mL were measured and the stability of the system monitored. The pressure-to-volume curve as either air or water was added and maximal filling volumes were measured. Evacuated blood collection tubes beyond the manufacture’s expiration date were evaluated for initial negative pressures and maximal filling volumes. Initial negative pressure ranged from −214 mm Hg to −528 mm Hg for EBCT within the manufacturer’s expiration date. Different pressure-to-volume curves were found for air versus water. Optimal negative pressures of CSSD are debated in the literature. Drain purpose and type of exudates are factors that should be considered when deciding which EBCT size to implement. Evacuated blood collection tubes have a range of negative pressures and pressure-to-volume curves similar to previously evaluated CSSD rigid reservoirs. Proper drain management and using EBCT within labeled expiration date are important to ensure that expected negative pressures are generated.
Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence in Dogs: An Update
Authors: Applegate Rory , Olin Shelly , Sabatino Bethany 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTUrethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is the most common cause of acquired urinary incontinence in dogs. The pathogenesis of USMI is multifactorial and complex. Studies have shown variable results regarding the effects and timing of sterilization on the incidence of USMI. Diagnosis of USMI is often based on history, physical examination, and elimination of other differentials. Treatment options for USMI include medications, such as α-adrenergic agents and estrogen products, minimally-invasive urethral bulking procedures, surgical procedures (e.g., indwelling urethral occluders), or combination therapy. The overall prognosis for USMI is typically fair to good with long-term therapy.
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma in the Dog and Cat: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Vinayak Arathi , Worley Deanna R. , Withrow Stephen J. , Adams Dustin S. , Powers Barbara E. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
This retrospective case series describes seven dogs and one cat diagnosed with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, an uncommon, aggressive variant of chondrosarcoma. The purpose of the study is to describe clinical, imaging, and histopathological findings of this tumor. Medical records and the diagnostic laboratory database at Colorado State University from 2000 to 2015 were reviewed and complete medical records were available for the eight animals in this report. Similar to what has been reported in people, poor long-term survival and high metastatic rate, particularly to the lungs, was observed in our case series. A bimorphic pattern on imaging (radiographs, computed tomography, and MRI) consisting of mineralized and nonmineralized areas was seen mirroring the high-grade sarcomatous component adjacent to a low-grade chondroid component seen histopathologically. A review of the human literature including suspected etiology, imaging findings, histopathology, and survival times with various treatment options is presented. This article describes the first reported cases of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma in the veterinary literature. Early accurate recognition could lead to treatment plans tailored to this variant.
A retrospective study on the outcomes of Ahmed valve versus Ahmed valve combined with fluocinolone implant in uveitic glaucoma
Authors: Sevgi Duriye D. , Davoudi Samaneh , Talcott Katherine E. , Cho Heeyoon , Guo Rong , Lobo Ann-Marie , Papaliodis George N. , Turalba Angela , Sobrin Lucia , Shen Lucy Q. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeTo compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) surgery alone versus AGV with fluocinolone implant in uveitic glaucoma patients.
MethodsWe identified uveitic glaucoma patients with AGV surgery alone and AGV surgery combined with fluocinolone implant. Demographic information, visual acuity, and IOP were recorded at preoperative visits and 1, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Incidence of hypertensive phase, defined as an IOP of >21 mm Hg or use of additional treatment to lower IOP occurring any time between 7 days to 6 months postoperatively, was investigated. Multilevel mixed effects models were performed.
ResultsEighteen eyes of 13 uveitic glaucoma patients with 1-year follow-up data were included. There were 11 eyes of 9 patients (mean age, 56.5 years; 63.6% male) in the AGV group and 7 eyes of 4 patients (mean age, 61.3 years; 71.4% male) in the AGV + fluocinolone group. There was no significant difference in visual acuity change at 1 year after surgery between groups, although visual acuity improvement was significant in the AGV group (P = 0.01). The hypertensive phase occurred in 91% of AGV patients and 43% of AGV + fluocinolone patients (P = 0.30), with onset of 8-40 days (mean, 18 days) after surgery. IOP and number of glaucoma medications decreased at the 1-year postoperative visits in both the AGV group (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001) and the AGV + fluocinolone group (P = 0.001, P < 0.0001). Compared to the AGV group, the AGV + fluocinolone group used fewer glaucoma medications (0.28 vs 1.30 [P = 0.01]) and had better inflammation control (P = 0.02). The surgical complication rates were similar between groups.
ConclusionsIn uveitic glaucoma, AGV with fluocinolone achieves a similar, desired IOP control but with fewer glaucoma medications than AGV alone.
Buthionine sulfoximine is a multitarget inhibitor of trypanothione synthesis in Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Vázquez Citlali , Mejia‐Tlachi Marlen , González‐Chávez Zabdi , Silva Aketzalli , Rodríguez‐Zavala José Salud , Moreno‐Sánchez Rafael , Saavedra Emma 
Published: November 2017

Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) induces decreased glutathione (GSH) and trypanothione [T(SH)2] pools in trypanosomatids, presumably because only gamma‐glutamylcysteine synthetase (γECS) is blocked. However, some BSO effects cannot be explained by exclusive γECS inhibition; therefore, its effect on the T(SH)2 metabolism pathway in Trypanosoma cruzi was re‐examined. Parasites exposed to BSO did not synthesize T(SH)2 even when supplemented with cysteine or GSH, suggesting trypanothione synthetase (TryS) inhibition by BSO. Indeed, recombinant γECS and TryS, but not GSH synthetase, were inhibited by BSO and kinetics and docking analyses on a TcTryS 3D model suggested BSO binding at the GSH site. Furthermore, parasites overexpressing γECS and TryS showed ~ 50% decreased activities after BSO treatment. These results indicated that BSO is also an inhibitor of TryS.
Characterization of genetic intratumor heterogeneity in colorectal cancer and matching patient‐derived spheroid cultures
Authors: Árnadóttir Sigrid S. , Jeppesen Maria , Lamy Philippe , Bramsen Jesper B. , Nordentoft Iver , Knudsen Michael , Vang Søren , Madsen Mogens R. , Thastrup Ole , Thastrup Jacob , L. Andersen Claus 
Published: November 2017

Patient‐derived in vitro cultures of colorectal cancer (CRC) may help guide treatment strategies prior to patient treatment. However, most previous studies have been performed on a single biopsy per tumor. The purpose of this study was to analyze multiple spatially distinct biopsies from CRCs and see how well intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) was recapitulated in matching patient‐derived spheroids. Three to five biopsies were collected from six CRC tumors. Each biopsy was split in two; one half was used for spheroid culturing, while the other half was used for DNA and RNA purification. For two patients, lymph node metastases were analyzed. Somatic mutations were called from whole exome sequencing data. Each tumor contained mutations shared across all biopsies and spheroids, including major CRC drivers such as APC, KRAS, and TP53. At the same time, all tumors exhibited ITH on both mutation and copy number level. The concordance between biopsies and spheroids ranged between 40 and 70% for coding mutations. For three patients, the biopsy and spheroid from matching areas clustered together, meaning that the spheroid resembled the area of origin more than the other areas. However, all biopsies and spheroids contained private mutations. Therefore, multiple cultures from spatially distinct sites of the tumor increase the insight into the genetic profile of the entire tumor. Molecular subtypes were called from RNA sequencing data. When based on transcripts from both cancer and noncancerous cells, the subtypes were largely independent of sampling site. In contrast, subtyping based on cancer cell transcripts alone was dependent on sample site and genetic ITH. In conclusion, all examined CRC tumors showed genetic ITH. Spheroid cultures partly reflected this ITH, and having multiple cultures from distinct tumor sites improved the representation of the genetic tumor subclones. This should be taken into account when establishing patient‐derived models for drug screening.
Insufficient Energy From MgO Exsolution to Power Early Geodynamo
Authors: Du Zhixue , Jackson Colin , Bennett Neil , Driscoll Peter , Deng Jie , Lee Kanani K. M. , Greenberg Eran , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Fei Yingwei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe origin of Earth's ancient magnetic field is an outstanding problem. It has recently been proposed that exsolution of MgO from the core may provide sufficient energy to drive an early geodynamo. Here we present new experiments on Mg partitioning between iron‐rich liquids and silicate/oxide melts. Our results indicate that Mg partitioning depends strongly on the oxygen content in the iron‐rich liquid, in contrast to previous findings that it depends only on temperature. Consequently, MgO exsolution during core cooling is drastically reduced and insufficient to drive an early geodynamo alone. Using the new experimental data, our thermal model predicts inner core nucleation at ~850 Ma and a nearly constant paleointensity.
Assimilating the ICE‐6G_C Reconstruction of the Latest Quaternary Ice Age Cycle Into Numerical Simulations of the Laurentide and Fennoscandian Ice Sheets
Authors: Stuhne G. R. , Peltier W. R. 
Published: November 2017

We analyze the effects of nudging 100 kyr numerical simulations of the Laurentide and Fennoscandian ice sheets toward the glacial isostatic adjustment‐based (GIA‐based) ICE‐6G_C reconstruction of the most recent ice age cycle. Starting with the ice physics approximations of the PISM ice sheet model and the SeaRISE simulation protocols, we incorporate nudging at characteristic time scales, τf, through anomalous mass balance terms in the ice mass conservation equation. As should be expected, these mass balances exhibit physically unrealistic details arising from pure GIA‐based reconstruction geometry when nudging is very strong (τf=20 years for North America), while weakly nudged (τf=1,000 years) solutions deviate from ICE‐6G_C sufficiently to degrade its observational fit quality. For reasonable intermediate time scales (τf=100 years and 200 years), we perturbatively analyze nudged ice dynamics as a superposition of “leading‐order smoothing” that diffuses ICE‐6G_C in a physically and observationally consistent manner and “higher‐order” deviations arising, for instance, from biases in the time dependence of surface climate boundary conditions. Based upon the relative deviations between respective nudged simulations in which these biases follow surface temperature from ice cores and eustatic sea level from marine sediment cores, we compute “ice core climate adjustments” that suggest how local paleoclimate observations may be applied to the systematic refinement of ICE‐6G_C. Our results are consistent with a growing body of evidence suggesting that the geographical origins of Meltwater Pulse 1B (MWP1b) may lie primarily in North America as opposed to Antarctica (as reconstructed in ICE‐6G_C).
Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Aminotetralins via Chiral Phosphoric Acid‐catalyzed Reductive Amination of β‐Tetralones
Authors: Park Do Young , Kim Kyung‐Hee , Cheon Cheol‐Hong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA new protocol for the synthesis of chiral β‐aminotetralins has been developed via chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed asymmetric reductive amination of β‐tetralones using a Hantzsch ester as an organic hydride donor. Various chiral β‐aminotetralins were obtained in good yields with good to high enantioselectivities. Furthermore, the utility of our new protocol was successfully demonstrated in the enantioselective synthesis of rotigotine.magnified image
Enantioselective Oxy‐Heck–Matsuda Arylations: Expeditious Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofuran Systems and Total Synthesis of the Neolignan (−)‐Conocarpan
Authors: Silva Allan R. , Polo Ellen C. , Martins Nelson C. , Correia Carlos Roque D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis work discloses the first examples of an effective enantioselective oxy‐Heck–Matsuda reaction using a variety of styrenic olefins to generate chiral dihydrobenzofurans. The reaction proceeds in moderate to good yields, with high trans diastereoselectivity (up to 20:1) in enantioselectivities up to 90:10 using the N,N‐ligand pyrimidine‐bisoxazoline (PyriBox). The oxy‐Heck–Matsuda reactions were carried out under mild conditions and rather low catalyst loadings. The feasibility and practicality of the process is demonstrated by a concise total synthesis of the neolignan (−)‐conocarpan. X‐ray diffraction of an advanced brominated intermediate in the route to (−)‐conocarpan has allowed the unequivocal assignment of the absolute stereochemistry of the oxy‐Heck–Matsuda aryldihydrobenzofuran products. A rationale for the mechanism operating in these enantioselective oxy‐Heck–Matsuda reactions is also presented.magnified image
A variant in PPP4R3A protects against alzheimer‐related metabolic decline
Authors: Christopher Leigh , Napolioni Valerio , Khan Raiyan R. , Han Summer S. , Greicius Michael D. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesA reduction in glucose metabolism in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) predicts conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and tracks disease progression, signifying its importance in AD. We aimed to use decline in PCC glucose metabolism as a proxy for the development and progression of AD to discover common genetic variants associated with disease vulnerability.MethodsWe performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of decline in PCC fludeoxyglucose F 18 ([18F] FDG) positron emission tomography measured in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants (n = 606). We then performed follow‐up analyses to assess the impact of significant single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on disease risk and longitudinal cognitive performance in a large independent data set (n = 870). Last, we assessed whether significant SNP influence gene expression using two RNA sequencing data sets (n = 210 and n = 159).ResultsWe demonstrate a novel genome‐wide significant association between rs2273647‐T in the gene, PPP4R3A, and reduced [18F] FDG decline (p = 4.44 × 10−8). In a follow‐up analysis using an independent data set, we demonstrate a protective effect of this variant against risk of conversion to MCI or AD (p = 0.038) and against cognitive decline in individuals who develop dementia (p = 3.41 × 10−15). Furthermore, this variant is associated with altered gene expression in peripheral blood and altered PPPP4R3A transcript expression in temporal cortex, suggesting a role at the molecular level.InterpretationsPPP4R3A is a gene involved in AD risk and progression. Given the protective effect of this variant, PPP4R3A should be further investigated as a gene of interest in neurodegenerative diseases and as a potential target for AD therapies. Ann Neurol 2017;82:900–911
Heterogenous migraine aura symptoms correlate with visual cortex functional magnetic resonance imaging responses
Authors: Arngrim Nanna , Hougaard Anders , Ahmadi Khazar , Vestergaard Mark Bitsch , Schytz Henrik Winther , Amin Faisal Mohammad , Larsson Henrik Bo Wiberg , Olesen Jes , Hoffmann Michael B. , Ashina Messoud 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveMigraine aura is sparsely studied due to the highly challenging task of capturing patients during aura. Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is likely the underlying phenomenon of aura. The possible correlation between the multifaceted phenomenology of aura symptoms and the effects of CSD on the brain has not been ascertained.MethodsFive migraine patients were studied during various forms of aura symptoms induced by hypoxia, sham hypoxia, or physical exercise with concurrent photostimulation. The blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal response to visual stimulation was measured in retinotopic mapping–defined visual cortex areas V1 to V4.ResultsWe found reduced BOLD response in patients reporting scotoma and increased response in patients who only experienced positive symptoms. Furthermore, patients with bilateral visual symptoms had corresponding bihemispherical changes in BOLD response.InterpretationThese findings suggest that different aura symptoms reflect different types of cerebral dysfunction, which correspond to specific changes in BOLD signal reactivity. Furthermore, we provide evidence of bilateral CSD recorded by fMRI during bilateral aura symptoms. Ann Neurol 2017;82:925–939
Molekulare Magnesiumhydride
Authors: Mukherjee Debabrata , Okuda Jun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFestes Magnesiumhydrid [MgH2]∞ wird als potenzieller Werkstoff für die Wasserstoffspeicherung untersucht. Seit Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts interessieren sich Organiker für lösliche Magnesiumhydrid‐Reagenzien. Erst in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten haben Metallorganiker mit einer Reihe strukturell gut charakterisierter Magnesiumhydride für einen größeren Aufschwung bei dieser neuen Verbindungklasse gesorgt. Über vierzig solcher Vertreter sind nun isoliert, von einkernigen terminalen Hydriden bis hin zu großen Hydridclustern mit mehr als 10 Magnesiumatomen. Sie geben nicht nur einen Einblick in die Struktur und die Bindung von Mg‐H‐Einheiten, sondern dienen auch als Modell für Materialien zur Wasserstoffspeicherung. Bei einigen wurde auch deutlich, dass sie in katalytischen Umwandlungen wie der Hydroelementierung vorkommen. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die molekularen Magnesiumhydride, wobei das Augenmerk auf deren Synthese und strukturellen Charakterisierung liegt.