bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Klarspråkskampanj som maktmedel?
Authors: Piehl Aino 
Published: January 2018

Den finländska klarspråkskampanjen vill uppmuntra myndigheter att göra klarspråkssatsningar och att visa exempel, vara förebilder och presentera lyckade resultat. I kampanjen deltar sju pilotmyndigheter och deras åtgärder presenteras på kampanjens webbplats. Via tävlingen ”Den bästa framgångsberättelsen” vill kampanjen också föra fram exempel på nya metoder som myndigheterna har tagit i bruk för att förbättra sitt skrivande. Metoderna representerar mjuk makt (se Josehp Nye), medan hård makt skulle innebära att staten använde lagar eller föreskrifter för att påverka myndigheternas beteende. Båda former av makt behövs emellertid om myndigheterna ska styras till att följa rekommendationerna i det nya handlingsprogrammet för ett klarare myndighetsspråk. SummaryThe Finnish Government’s Plain Language Campaign (2014-2015) encourages government agencies to improve their texts and communication by presenting free plain language tools and good practice on its website. Examples are given by the campaign’s seven pilot agencies, whose plain language projects can be followed on the campaign website. A competition for best practices is another way to disseminate new ways of achieving clear texts and proper communication. These methods may be said to represent soft power (cf. Joseph Nye), but hard power is also necessary: permanent structures must be put in place by legislation or administrative decisions. In the end, it is hard to tell which tool is the more efficient. If writing practices are to be changed, there must be a desire to do better, and that is more likely to be stimulated by using soft power.
Nyere forskning har vist…
Authors: Tønnesson Johan 
Published: January 2018

Forskningen, som gjerne må identifisere seg med et prosjekt som «klarspråk», lever av gode spørsmål og må forholde seg kritisk til sitt emne. Artiklene i Klarspråk-nummeret av det nordiske vitenskapelige tidsskriftet Sakprosa (Vol. 7, nr. 2 (2015)) som meget kort presenteres her, har det til felles at de nettopp er kritiske: Klarspråksrådene savner språkog tekstvitenskapelig belegg, demokratibegrunnelsen for klarspråk forvitrer, offentlige verdidokumenter forvirrer, juridiske EU-oversettelser mangler mottakerbevissthet, og et prisvinnende standardbrev kan være vanskeligere å forstå enn brevet det skulle erstatte. SummaryIt is laudable when scientific researchers identify themselves with projects such as the plain language campaign. Good, and even enthusiastic, questions are what good science and research live by, but still the researchers’ basic attitude should be critical towards their subject. The articles in the Plain Language issue of the online journal Sakprosa (English summaries are available) share such a critical attitude, as they conclude that plain language guides lack linguistic and textological evidence; the democratic basis for plain language campaigns is disintegrating; public mission statements confuse; EU legal translators do not consider the readers of their texts; and an acclaimed standard letter from an official body may turn out to be more difficult to understand than its predecessor.
Characterization and toxicity of citral incorporated with nanostructured lipid carrier
Authors: Nordin Noraini , Yeap Swee Keong , Zamberi Nur Rizi , Abu Nadiah , Mohamad Nurul Elyani , Rahman Heshu Sulaiman , How Chee Wun , Masarudin Mas Jaffri , Abdullah Rasedee , Alitheen Noorjahan Banu 
Published: January 2018

The nanoparticle as a cancer drug delivery vehicle is rapidly under investigation due to its promising applicability as a novel drug delivery system for anticancer agents. This study describes the development, characterization and toxicity studies of a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) system for citral. Citral was loaded into the NLC using high pressure homogenization methods. The characterizations of NLC-citral were then determined through various methods. Based on Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analysis, NLC-Citral showed a spherical shape with an average diameter size of 54.12 ± 0.30 nm and a polydipersity index of 0.224 ± 0.005. The zeta potential of NLC-Citral was −12.73 ± 0.34 mV with an entrapment efficiency of 98.9 ± 0.124%, and drug loading of 9.84 ± 0.041%. Safety profile of the formulation was examined viain vitroandin vivoroutes to study its effects toward normal cells. NLC-Citral exhibited no toxic effects towards the proliferation of mice splenocytes. Moreover, no mortality and toxic signs were observed in the treated groups after 28 days of treatment. There were also no significant alterations in serum biochemical analysis for all treatments. Increase in immunomodulatory effects of treated NLC-Citral and Citral groups was verified from the increase in CD4/CD3 and CD8/CD3 T cell population in both NLC-citral and citral treated splenocytes. This study suggests that NLC is a promising drug delivery system for citral as it has the potential in sustaining drug release without inducing any toxicity.
Murine pluripotent stem cells that escape differentiation inside teratomas maintain pluripotency
Authors: Pei Yangli , Yue Liang , Zhang Wei , Xiang Jinzhu , Ma Zhu , Han Jianyong 
Published: January 2018

Background
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer immense potential as a source for regenerative therapies. The teratoma assay is widely used in the field of stem cells and regenerative medicine, but the cell composition of teratoma is still elusive.

Methods
We utilized PSCs expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the Pou5f1 promoter to study the persistence of potential pluripotent cells during teratoma formation in vivo. OCT4-MES (mouse embryonic stem cells) were isolated from the blastocysts of 3.5-day OCT4-EGFP mice (transgenic mice express EGFP cDNA under the control of the Pou5f1 promoter) embryos, and TG iPS 1-7 (induced pluripotent stem cells) were generated from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from 13.5-day OCT4-EGFP mice embryos by infecting them with a virus carrying OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC. These pluripotent cells were characterized according to their morphology and expression of pluripotency markers. Their differentiation ability was studied with in vivo teratoma formation assays. Further differences between pluripotent cells were examined by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Results
The results showed that several OCT4-expressing PSCs escaped differentiation inside of teratomas, and these escaped cells (MES-FT, GFP-positive cells separated from OCT4-MES-derived teratomas; and iPS-FT, GFP-positive cells obtained from teratomas formed by TG iPS 1-7) retained their pluripotency. Interestingly, a small number of GFP-positive cells in teratomas formed by MES-FT and iPS-FT (MES-ST, GFP-positive cells isolated from MES-FT-derived teratomas; iPS-ST, GFP-positive cells obtained from teratomas formed by iPS-FT) were still pluripotent, as shown by alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining, immunofluorescent staining and PCR. MES-FT, iPS-FT, MES-ST and iPS-ST cells also expressed several markers associated with germ cell formation, such as Dazl, Stella and Stra8.

Conclusions
In summary, a small number of PSCs escaped differentiation inside of teratomas, and these cells maintained pluripotency and partially developed towards germ cells. Both escaped PSCs and germ cells present a risk of tumor formation. Therefore, medical workers must be careful in preventing tumor formation when stem cells are used to treat specific diseases.
Evaluation of provider response to positive depression screenings and physician attitudes on integrating psychiatric pharmacist services in primary care settings
Authors: Denson Brittany H. , Kim Rory E. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Introduction:
The aim of this study was to identify potential gaps in the management of depression and assess the perceptions of primary care providers (PCPs) toward integrating psychiatric pharmacists into primary care settings.

Method:
This was a retrospective chart review of patients ≥18 years of age seen in primary care clinics in Los Angeles County with a documented annual health screening (AHS) between January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2015. Primary outcomes were number and percentage of patients screened for depression with patient health questionnaire (PHQ) assessments, positive depression screenings, and interventions made for positive depression screenings. Secondary outcomes were PCPs' perceptions on management of depression, use of AHS, and roles for psychiatric pharmacists through evaluation of provider survey.

Results:
Of the patients who received an AHS (n = 6797), 63% received PHQ assessments. Of 145 individuals with a positive PHQ-2, 69% had a positive PHQ-9. Greater than 50% of individuals with a positive PHQ-9 had no preexisting depression diagnosis. Seventy-six percent of individuals with a positive PHQ-9 and 78% with reported suicide ideation had no documented intervention. The majority of providers reported there is a role for psychiatric pharmacists in primary care.

Discussion:
Gaps in the management of depression were identified. Although depression screenings were performed for the majority of individuals receiving an AHS, no documented interventions were made for most of those individuals who screened positive for depression. Primary care clinics could benefit from psychiatric pharmacist involvement in depression screening and follow-up processes.
Insights Into the Biogeochemical Cycling of Iron, Nitrate, and Phosphate Across a 5,300 km South Pacific Zonal Section (153°E–150°W)
Authors: Ellwood Michael J. , Bowie Andrew R. , Baker Alex , Gault‐Ringold Melanie , Hassler Christel , Law Cliff S. , Maher William A. , Marriner Andrew , Nodder Scott , Sander Sylvia , Stevens Craig , Townsend Ashley , van der Merwe Pier , Woodward E. Malcolm S. , Wuttig Kathrin , Boyd Philip W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIron, phosphate, and nitrate are essential nutrients for phytoplankton growth, and hence, their supply into the surface ocean controls oceanic primary production. Here we present a GEOTRACES zonal section (GP13; 30–33°S, 153°E–150°W) extending eastward from Australia to the oligotrophic South Pacific Ocean gyre outlining the concentrations of these key nutrients. Surface dissolved iron concentrations are elevated at >0.4 nmol L−1 near continental Australia (west of 165°E) and decreased eastward to ≤0.2 nmol L−1 (170°W–150°W). The supply of dissolved iron into the upper ocean (<100 m) from the atmosphere and vertical diffusivity averaged 11 ± 10 nmol m−2 d−1. In the remote South Pacific Ocean (170°W–150°W), atmospherically sourced iron is a significant contributor to the surface dissolved iron pool with average supply contribution of 23 ± 17% (range 3% to 55%). Surface water nitrate concentrations averaged 5 ± 4 nmol L−1 between 170°W and 150°W, while surface water phosphate concentrations averaged 58 ± 30 nmol L−1. The supply of nitrogen into the upper ocean is primarily from deeper waters (24–1647 μmol m−2 d−1) with atmospheric deposition and nitrogen fixation contributing <1% to the overall flux along the eastern part of the transect. The deep water N:P ratio averaged 14.5 ± 0.5 but declined to <1 above the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) indicating a high N:P assimilation ratio by phytoplankton leading to almost quantitative removal of nitrate. The supply stoichiometry for iron and nitrogen relative to phosphate at and above the DCM declines eastward leading to two biogeographical provinces: one with diazotroph production and the other without diazotroph production.
Assembly of 809 whole mitochondrial genomes with clinical, imaging, and fluid biomarker phenotyping
Authors: Ridge Perry G. , Wadsworth Mark E. , Miller Justin B. , Saykin Andrew J. , Green Robert C. ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Kauwe John S.K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionMitochondrial genetics are an important but largely neglected area of research in Alzheimer's disease. A major impediment is the lack of data sets.MethodsWe used an innovative, rigorous approach, combining several existing tools with our own, to accurately assemble and call variants in 809 whole mitochondrial genomes.ResultsTo help address this impediment, we prepared a data set that consists of 809 complete and annotated mitochondrial genomes with samples from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. These whole mitochondrial genomes include rich phenotyping, such as clinical, fluid biomarker, and imaging data, all of which is available through the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative website. Genomes are cleaned, annotated, and prepared for analysis.DiscussionThese data provide an important resource for investigating the impact of mitochondrial genetic variation on risk for Alzheimer's disease and other phenotypes that have been measured in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative samples.
First Principles: Gabriele Stornaloco and Milan Cathedral
Authors: Sebregondi Giulia Ceriani , Schofield Richard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe construction from 1386 of Milan Cathedral, the largest Gothic church ever constructed in Italy, was one of the most important episodes in the history of Italian and European architecture. The documentation of the lateTrecentoand earlyQuattrocentodiscussions over how to build the Cathedral is extraordinarily rich and extensive, and permits a consideration of the project from many points of view including the relationship between medieval architectural theory and an actual project. At the same time, any enquiry has to contend with the copious modern literature and the conclusions that have been reached hitherto – often erroneously in our view – about many of the most salient points. We thus re-examine published and unpublished documentation and the existing literature, analysing especially the format of the building's elevation, the proposals by Gabriele Stornaloco and Jean Mignot, and the drawings attributed to Antonio di Vincenzo. We also reconsider the notions ofarsandscientiawhich have previously been misinterpreted in discussions of the cathedral documentation.
Late Georgian Churches: ‘Absolutely Wretched’ or the Triumph of Rational Pragmatism?
Authors: Webster Christopher 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article considers the late Georgian church and argues that this huge group of buildings, involving almost all the country's major architects, has never been properly assessed by historians. This is principally a result of the opprobrium heaped on these churches by the Ecclesiologists who needed them to be marginalised in order to promote their own agenda of church design and worship, and the view that they are largely worthless lives on in places, even today. The article proposes their re-evaluation, suggesting that judging them by the standards the Ecclesiologists applied retrospectively is both illogical and inevitably destined to produce verdicts of failure. Instead, it seeks to place these buildings within the context of late Georgian society, religious attitudes and especially the period's building world. It argues that the best of them, especially the big ‘town’ churches, display a high degree of intelligent, functional planning and a fascinating exploitation of new materials and structural innovations that do great credit to their designers.
Architecture in the Aftermath of Union: Building the Viceregal Chapel in Dublin Castle, 1801–15
Authors: Hill Judith 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe chapel in Dublin Castle, built between 1807 and 1815, was one of the most impressive ecclesiastical Gothic buildings of the pre-Pugin revival in the British Isles. It was commissioned by the viceregal establishment following the Act of Union between Great Britain and Ireland in 1801, and was closely associated with Church of Ireland objectives for post-Union Protestantism in Ireland. This essay investigates the patrons’ ambitions for the chapel, and discusses its design and execution by Francis Johnston, successor to James Gandon as the foremost architect of public buildings in Ireland. Reviewing the chapel within the context of the Union, the essay argues that the viceregal administration and the Church of Ireland were concerned to assert their authority and define their values, and that these were expressed in Gothic revival architecture which grafted progressive appreciation for medieval models onto Georgian taste, and in a comprehensive and unprecedented scheme of ecclesiastical sculpture. Ireland's political position within the Union was ambiguous, but it is argued here that the rebuilt chapel projected both unionist and imperialist gestures, and that, culturally, it was an expression of Britishness.
Laminar vortex rings impinging onto porous walls with a constant porosity
Authors: Xu Yang , Wang Jin-Jun , Feng Li-Hao , He Guo-Sheng , Wang Zhong-Yi 
Published: January 2018

For the first time, an experiment has been conducted to investigate synthetic jet laminar vortex rings impinging onto porous walls with different geometries by time-resolved particle image velocimetry. The geometry of the porous wall is changed by varying the hole diameter on the wall (from 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm) when surface porosity is kept constant ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=75\,\%$). The finite-time Lyapunov exponent and phase-averaged vorticity field derived from particle image velocimetry data are presented to reveal the evolution of the vortical structures. A mechanism associated with vorticity cancellation is proposed to explain the formation of downstream transmitted vortex rings; and both the vortex ring trajectory and the time-mean flow feature are compared between different cases. It is found that the hole diameter significantly influences the evolution of the flow structures on both the upstream and downstream sides of the porous wall. In particular, for a porous wall with a small hole diameter ($d_{h}^{\ast }=0.067$, 0.10 and 0.133), the transmitted finger-type jets will reorganize into a well-formed transmitted vortex ring in the downstream flow. However, for the case of a large hole diameter of $d_{h}^{\ast }=0.20$, the transmitted vortex ring is not well formed because of insufficient vorticity cancellation. Additionally, the residual vorticity gradually evolves into discrete jet-like structures downstream, which further weaken the intensity of the transmitted vortex ring. Consequently, the transmitted flow structures for the $d_{h}^{\ast }=0.20$ case would lose coherence more easily (or probably even transition to turbulence), resulting in a faster decay of the axial velocity and stronger entrainment of the transmitted jet. For all porous wall cases, the velocity profile of the transmitted jet exhibits self-similar behaviour in the far field ($z/D_{0}\geqslant 6.03$), which agrees well with the velocity distribution of free synthetic jets. With the help of the control-volume approach, the time-mean drag of the porous wall is evaluated experimentally for the first time. It is shown that the porous wall drag increases with the decrease in the hole diameter. Moreover, for a porous wall with a small hole diameter ($d_{h}^{\ast }=0.067$, 0.10 and 0.133), it appears that the porous wall drag mainly derives from the viscous effect. However, as $d_{h}^{\ast }$ increases to 0.20, the form drag associated with the porous wall geometry becomes significant.
Longitudinal development of flow-separation lines on slender bodies in translation
Authors: Lee S.-K. 
Published: January 2018

This paper examines flow-separation lines on axisymmetric bodies with tapered tails, where the separating flow takes into account the effect of local body radius $r(x)$, incidence angle $\unicode[STIX]{x1D713}$ and the body-length Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}_{L}$. The flow is interpreted as a transient problem which relates the longitudinal distance $x$ to time $t^{\ast }=x\,\text{tan}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D713})/r(x)$, similar to the approach of Jeans & Holloway (J. Aircraft, vol. 47 (6), 2010, pp. 2177–2183) on scaling separation lines. The windward and leeward sides correspond to the body azimuth angles $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E9}=0$ and $180^{\circ }$, respectively. From China-clay flow visualisation on axisymmetric bodies and from a literature review of slender-body flows, the present study shows three findings. (i) The time scale $t^{\ast }$ provides a collapse of the separation-line data, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E9}$, for incidence angles between $6$ and $35^{\circ }$, where the data fall on a power law $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E9}\sim (t^{\ast })^{k}$. (ii) The data suggest that the separation rate $k$ is independent of the Reynolds number over the range $2.1\times 10^{6}\leqslant \mathit{Re}_{L}\leqslant 23\times 10^{6}$; for a primary separation $k_{1}\simeq -0.190$, and for a secondary separation $k_{2}\simeq 0.045$. (iii) The power-law curve fits trace the primary and secondary lines to a characteristic start time $t_{s}^{\ast }\simeq 1.5$.
In vivo effect of opticin deficiency in cartilage in a surgically induced mouse model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Farrán Aina , Valverde-Franco Gladys , Tío Laura , Lussier Bertrand , Fahmi Hassan , Pelletier Jean-Pierre , Bishop Paul N. , Monfort Jordi , Martel-Pelletier Johanne 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe SLRP opticin (OPTC) has been demonstrated to be produced and degraded in osteoarthritic (OA) human cartilage. Here, we investigated the in vivo effect of OPTC deficiency in OA cartilage. OA was induced in 10-week-old Optc−/− and Optc+/+ mice. Ten weeks post-surgery, cartilage was processed for histology and immunohistochemistry. SLRP expression was determined in non-operated mouse cartilage. OA Optc−/− demonstrated significant protection against cartilage degradation. Data revealed that in non-operated Optc−/− cartilage, expression of SLRPs lumican and epiphycan was up-regulated at day 3 and in 10-week-olds (p ≤ 0.039), and fibromodulin down-regulated in 10-week-olds (p = 0.001). Immunohistochemistry of OA mice showed a similar pattern. In OA Optc−/− cartilage, markers of degradation and complement factors were all down-regulated (p ≤ 0.038). In OA Optc−/− cartilage, collagen fibers were thinner and better organized (p = 0.038) than in OA Optc+/+ cartilage. The protective effect of OPTC deficiency during OA results from an overexpression of lumican and epiphycan, known to bind and protect collagen fibers, and a decrease in fibromodulin, contributing to a reduction in the complement activation/inflammatory process. This work suggests that the evaluation of the composition of the different SLRPs in OA cartilage could be applied as a new tool for OA prognosis classification.