bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respons pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) terhadap pemberian fungi mikoriza arbuskular dan cekaman air
Authors: RINI Maria Viva , EFRIYANI Usnaqul 
Published: March 2017

The objective of this study was to determine ther response of oil palm seedling to the application of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) subjected to water stress. The treatment design used was a factorial design 2 x 5 arranged in completely rando-mized design. The first factor was application of AMF i.e. without AMF (control) and inoculation with AMF (mixture of Glomus sp., Entropospora sp., and Gigaspora sp.). The second factor was water stress i.e. no watering for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days at the end of experiment. Data obtained were subjected to Bartlett test to examine the treatment variance, and Tukey tests to examine additiveness of the data, and continued by analysis of variance. The results showed that application of AMF increased oil palm seedling growth through the increase in plant height, number of leave, number of primary root, shoot fresh and dry weight, and percent of root infection. Duration of water stress significantly affected oil palm seedling growth by decreasing plant height, number of leave, number of primary root, shot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight. However, at any level of water stress, the AMF inoculated seedling had better growth when compared to the control palm.
Prevention of Hypoglycemia With Predictive Low Glucose Insulin Suspension in Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Battelino Tadej , Nimri Revital , Dovc Klemen , Phillip Moshe , Bratina Natasa 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether predictive low glucose management (PLGM) of the MiniMed 640G system significantly reduces the rate of hypoglycemia compared with the sensor-augmented insulin pump in children with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This randomized, two-arm, parallel, controlled, two-center open-label study included 100 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and glycated hemoglobin A1c ≤10% (≤86 mmol/mol) and using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Patients were randomly assigned to either an intervention group with PLGM features enabled (PLGM ON) or a control group (PLGM OFF), in a 1:1 ratio, all using the same type of sensor-augmented insulin pump. The primary end point was the number of hypoglycemic events below 65 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L), based on sensor glucose readings, during a 14-day study treatment. The analysis was performed by intention to treat for all randomized patients.

RESULTS
The number of hypoglycemic events below 65 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L) was significantly smaller in the PLGM ON compared with the PLGM OFF group (mean ± SD 4.4 ± 4.5 and 7.4 ± 6.3, respectively; P = 0.008). This was also true when calculated separately for night (P = 0.025) and day (P = 0.022). No severe hypoglycemic events occurred; however, there was a significant increase in time spent above 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) in the PLGM ON group (P = 0.0165).

CONCLUSIONS
The PLGM insulin suspension was associated with a significantly reduced number of hypoglycemic events. Although this was achieved at the expense of increased time in moderate hyperglycemia, there were no serious adverse effects in young patients with type 1 diabetes.
METACOGNITIVE READING STRATEGY ENHANCING ENGLISH READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Wardah Wardah 
Published: March 2017

Strategi metakognitif peserta didik dapat mengatur, merencanakan, dan mengevaluasi
pembelajaran mereka sendiri. Strategi metakognitif yang digunakan untuk mengkoordinasikan
proses pembelajaran. Strategi juga melibatkan berpikir tentang belajar, memantau pemikiran,
dan mengevaluasi pemahaman dalam membaca. Dalam jurnal ini membahas tentang prosedur
Strategi Metakognitif dalam Membaca untuk memahami bacaan. Strategi metakognitif
meningkatkan konstruksi makna bacaan pembaca, memantau teks dan pemahaman bacaan,
dan kemampuan mereka untuk mengevaluasi teks yang mereka baca. Kerangka membaca
metakognitif ini harus akrab bagi pengajar yang mengintegrasikan proses sebelum membaca,
pada saat membaca, dan setelah membaca pada proses ketika mengajar peserta didik strategi
pemahaman yang efektif. Strategi Metakognitif dalam membaca membantu peserta didik
untuk memantau pemikiran mereka saat membaca. Strategi Metakognitif membantu peserta
didik untuk menjadi pembelajar mandiri. Pengajar secara teratur menggunakan strategi
membaca metakognitif dengan peserta didik mereka, dan berharap mereka untuk juga
menggunakannya secara independen. Pengajar didorong untuk menggunakan model strategi
metakognitif, mendukung siswa karena mereka belajar bagaimana menggunakannya, dan
kemudian mendukung peserta didik belajar bagaimana menggunakannya secara mandiri.
Dalam makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi metakognitif membantu peserta didik untuk
menggunakan strategi yang tepat dalam memecahkan masalah dalam membaca. Strategi
metakognitif membantu siswa untuk menghentikan ketergantungan mereka menggunakan
kamus. Strategi ini membantu peserta didik untuk menemukan gagasan utama, informasi
tersirat, informasi tersurat, referensi, dan makna kata-kata.
PERBUDAKAN MODERN (MODERN SLAVERY) (ANALISIS SEJARAH DAN PENDIDIKAN)
Authors: Nugraha Muhamad Tisna 
Published: March 2017

Slavery is a form of employing a person and putting him/her under the control of another. Such control includes restriction, use of physical energy or perhaps even his/her mind without compensation such as a decent wage or other forms of respect. Slavery does not always appear in the form of physical pressure, but it can also be in the psychological form by demanding someone to do something for the interests of another due to power, indebtedness or religious texts.
Traces of slavery in the course of human history, in fact, have been found since ancient times in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Europe or Arabia. It can also be found in the practice of Abrahamic religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. So it is undeniable that slavery is not a novelty and will always appear in the historical journey of human life with a variety of forms. The Islam religion brought by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), as one of the Abrahamic religions is basically against slavery. It can be seen from the history and from its teachings against the practice of slavery. Islam also strongly advocates respect for the rights of a slave especially for labor. Therefore, all forms and manifestation of slavery, including in the field of education must be resolved immediately.
Parosteal Lipoma of the Humerus: A Case Report
Authors: Das Deependra , Jinbai Huang 
Published: March 2017

Background and Objectives: To study the imaging and histopathological characteristic of a tumorous mass and to differentiate parosteal lipoma from similar looking osteochondroma or myositis ossificans. Presentation of case: A 54-year old female presented with more than 5-years history of a large swelling in the anterolateral aspect of upper arm. The case study was carried out at the First Hospital of Yangtze University situated in Jingzhou city of Hubei province, PRC in 2015 September. Discussion: Radiological Imaging and Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of parosteal lipoma. Computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed the mass to be fatty in nature with characteristic pedunculated exostosis abutting the periosteum. Histopathological sections showed the mass to be composed of mature adipose tissue without atypia or lipoblast. Conclusion: Parosteal lipomas are rare neoplasias with no proven malignant potential and requires high index of suspicion for proper diagnosis and effective management.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol. 4 (2): 41-45
Microphysical sensitivity of coupled springtime Arctic stratocumulus to modelled primary ice over the ice pack, marginal ice, and ocean
Authors: Young Gillian , Connolly Paul J. , Jones Hazel M. , Choularton Thomas W. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. This study uses large eddy simulations to test the sensitivity of single-layer mixed-phase stratocumulus to primary ice number concentrations in the European Arctic. Observations from the Aerosol-Cloud Coupling and Climate Interactions in the Arctic (ACCACIA) campaign are considered for comparison with cloud microphysics modelled using the Large Eddy Model (LEM, UK Met. Office). We find that cloud structure is very sensitive to ice number concentrations, Nice, and small increases can cause persisting mixed-phase clouds to glaciate and break up.Three key dependencies on Nice are identified from sensitivity simulations and comparisons with observations made over the sea ice pack, marginal ice zone (MIZ), and ocean. Over sea ice, we find deposition–condensation ice formation rates are overestimated, leading to cloud glaciation. When ice formation is limited to water-saturated conditions, we find microphysics comparable to aircraft observations over all surfaces considered. We show that warm supercooled (−13 °C) mixed-phase clouds over the MIZ are simulated to reasonable accuracy when using both the DeMott et al.(2010) and Cooper(1986) primary ice nucleation parameterisations. Over the ocean, we find a strong sensitivity of Arctic stratus to Nice. The Cooper(1986) parameterisation performs poorly at the lower ambient temperatures, leading to a comparatively higher Nice (2.43 L−1 at the cloud-top temperature, approximately −20 °C) and cloud glaciation. A small decrease in the predicted Nice (2.07 L−1 at −20 °C), using the DeMott et al.(2010) parameterisation, causes mixed-phase conditions to persist for 24 h over the ocean. However, this representation leads to the formation of convective structures which reduce the cloud liquid water through snow precipitation, promoting cloud break-up through a depleted liquid phase. Decreasing the Nice further (0.54 L−1, using a relationship derived from ACCACIA observations) allows mixed-phase conditions to be maintained for at least 24 h with more stability in the liquid and ice water paths. Sensitivity to Nice is also evident at low number concentrations, where 0.1  ×  Nice predicted by the DeMott et al.(2010) parameterisation results in the formation of rainbands within the model; rainbands which also act to deplete the liquid water in the cloud and promote break-up.
Reviews and syntheses: parameter identification in marine planktonic ecosystem modelling
Authors: Schartau Markus , Wallhead Philip , Hemmings John , Löptien Ulrike , Kriest Iris , Krishna Shubham , Ward Ben A. , Slawig Thomas , Oschlies Andreas 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. To describe the underlying processes involved in oceanic plankton dynamics is crucial for the determination of energy and mass flux through an ecosystem and for the estimation of biogeochemical element cycling. Many planktonic ecosystem models were developed to resolve major processes so that flux estimates can be derived from numerical simulations. These results depend on the type and number of parameterizations incorporated as model equations. Furthermore, the values assigned to respective parameters specify a model's solution. Representative model results are those that can explain data; therefore, data assimilation methods are utilized to yield optimal estimates of parameter values while fitting model results to match data. Central difficulties are (1) planktonic ecosystem models are imperfect and (2) data are often too sparse to constrain all model parameters. In this review we explore how problems in parameter identification are approached in marine planktonic ecosystem modelling. We provide background information about model uncertainties and estimation methods, and how these are considered for assessing misfits between observations and model results. We explain differences in evaluating uncertainties in parameter estimation, thereby also discussing issues of parameter identifiability. Aspects of model complexity are addressed and we describe how results from cross-validation studies provide much insight in this respect. Moreover, approaches are discussed that consider time- and space-dependent parameter values. We further discuss the use of dynamical/statistical emulator approaches, and we elucidate issues of parameter identification in global biogeochemical models. Our review discloses many facets of parameter identification, as we found many commonalities between the objectives of different approaches, but scientific insight differed between studies. To learn more from results of planktonic ecosystem models we recommend finding a good balance in the level of sophistication between mechanistic modelling and statistical data assimilation treatment for parameter estimation.
On Parr: The Use and Propriety of Appraisal Methods in Computing Fracking Awards
Authors: Goldberg Hilary M. , Calnan Ray 
Published: March 2017

Parr v. Aruba Petroleum, Inc. made headlines in 2014 for being the first hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) case to result in a jury verdict. In Parr, a Texas jury awarded $2.925 million to compensate the Parr family for injuries sustained as a result of Aruba Petroleum’s nearby fracking activities. Of the nearly $3 million verdict, the jury awarded $275,000 for diminution in property value. Thanks to the fiercely litigated and highly publicized trial and appeal, scholars, practitioners and academics received a rare glimpse into an area of litigation otherwise insulated from public view by out of court resolutions and confidential settlement agreements.In this interdisciplinary paper we will provide an overview of the valuation process, addressing issues specific to diminution in value in the context of fracking and similar incidences of environmental contamination. We will then explain the various appraisal methods within the context of real estate litigation, including the Sales Comparison Approach, Income Approach and Cost Approach. Using Parr as a test case, we will then analyze the unique appraisal challenges presented by the hydraulic fracturing and analogous toxic torts fact patterns, evaluating the probative value and persuasive necessity of each approach. Finally, we will make predictions about the rapidly evolving fracking litigation sphere, analyzing new challenges presented to homeowners, energy companies and the judiciary when faced with allegations of diminished property values.
Characteristics of a Breast Pathology Consultation Practice
Authors: East Ellen G. , Zhao Lili , Pang Judy C. , Jorns Julie M. 
Published: March 2017

Context.—Intradepartmental consultation is a routine practice commonly used for new diagnoses. Expert interinstitutional case review provides insight into particularly challenging cases.Objective.—To investigate the practice of breast pathology consultation at a large tertiary care center.Design.—We reviewed breast pathology cases sent for private consultation and internal cases reviewed by multiple pathologists at a tertiary center. Requisitions and reports were evaluated for diagnostic reason for consultation, rate of multiple pathologist review at the tertiary center, use of immunohistochemistry, and, for private consultation cases, type of sender and concordance with the outside diagnosis.Results.—In the 985 private consultation cases, the most frequent reasons for review were borderline atypia (292 of 878; 33.3%), papillary lesion classification (151 of 878; 17.2%), evaluating invasion (123 of 878; 14%), subtyping carcinoma (75 of 878; 8.5%), and spindle cell (67 of 878; 7.6%) and fibroepithelial (65 of 878; 7.4%) lesion classification. Of 4981 consecutive internal cases, 358 (7.2%) were reviewed, most frequently for borderline atypia (90 of 358; 25.1%), subtyping carcinoma (63 of 358; 17.6%), staging/prognostic features (59 of 358; 16.5%), fibroepithelial lesion classification (45 of 358; 12.6%), evaluating invasion (37 of 358; 10.3%), and papillary (20 of 358; 5.6%) and spindle cell (18 of 358; 5.0%) lesion classification. Of all internal cases, those with a final diagnosis of atypia had a significantly higher rate of review (58 of 241; 24.1%) than those with benign (119 of 2933; 4.1%) or carcinoma (182 of 1807; 10.1%) diagnoses. Immunohistochemistry aided in diagnosis of 39.7% (391 of 985) and 21.2% (76 of 359) of consultation and internally reviewed cases, respectively.Conclusions.—This study confirms areas of breast pathology that represent diagnostic challenge and supports that pathologists are appropriately using expert consultation.
The HOSPITAL score and LACE index as predictors of 30 day readmission in a retrospective study at a university-affiliated community hospital
Authors: Robinson Robert , Hudali Tamer 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionHospital readmissions are common, expensive, and a key target of the Medicare Value Based Purchasing (VBP) program. Validated risk assessment tools such as the HOSPITAL score and LACE index have been developed to identify patients at high risk of hospital readmission so they can be targeted for interventions aimed at reducing the rate of readmission. This study aims to evaluate the utility of HOSPITAL score and LACE index for predicting hospital readmission within 30 days in a moderate-sized university affiliated hospital in the midwestern United States.Materials and MethodsAll adult medical patients who underwent one or more ICD-10 defined procedures discharged from the SIU-SOM Hospitalist service from Memorial Medical Center (MMC) from October 15, 2015 to March 16, 2016, were studied retrospectively to determine if the HOSPITAL score and LACE index were a significant predictors of hospital readmission within 30 days.ResultsDuring the study period, 463 discharges were recorded for the hospitalist service. The analysis includes data for the 432 discharges. Patients who died during the hospital stay, were transferred to another hospital, or left against medical advice were excluded. Of these patients, 35 (8%) were readmitted to the same hospital within 30 days. A receiver operating characteristic evaluation of the HOSPITAL score for this patient population shows a C statistic of 0.75 (95% CI [0.67–0.83]), indicating good discrimination for hospital readmission. The Brier score for the HOSPITAL score in this setting was 0.069, indicating good overall performance. The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit test shows a χ2value of 3.71 with apvalue of 0.59. A receiver operating characteristic evaluation of the LACE index for this patient population shows a C statistic of 0.58 (95% CI [0.48–0.68]), indicating poor discrimination for hospital readmission. The Brier score for the LACE index in this setting was 0.082, indicating good overall performance. The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit test shows a χ2value of 4.97 with apvalue of 0.66.DiscussionThis single center retrospective study indicates that the HOSPITAL score has superior discriminatory ability when compared to the LACE index as a predictor of hospital readmission within 30 days at a medium-sized university-affiliated teaching hospital.ConclusionsThe internationally validated HOSPITAL score may be superior to the LACE index in moderate-sized community hospitals to identify patients at high risk of hospital readmission within 30 days.
Effects of sudden commencement on the ionosphere: PFISR observations and global MHD simulation
Authors: Zou Shasha , Ozturk Dogacan , Varney Roger , Reimer Ashton 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSudden commencement (SC) induced by solar wind pressure enhancement can produce significant global impact on the coupled magnetosphere‐ionosphere (MI) system, and its effects have been studied extensively using ground magnetometers and coherent scatter radars. However, very limited observations have been reported about the effects of SC on the ionospheric plasma. Here we report detailed Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR) observations of the ionospheric response to SC during the 17 March 2015 storm. PFISR observed lifting of the F region ionosphere, transient field‐aligned ion upflow, prompt but short‐lived ion temperature increase, subsequent F region density decrease, and persistent electron temperature increase. A global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation has been carried out to characterize the SC‐induced current, convection, and magnetic perturbations. Simulated magnetic perturbations at Poker Flat show a satisfactory agreement with observations. The simulation provides a global context for linking localized PFISR observations to large‐scale dynamic processes in the MI system.
Role of seasonal transitions and the westerlies in the interannual variability of the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation
Authors: Chiang J. C. H. , Swenson L. M. , Kong W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA recent hypothesis holds that changes to the East Asian summer rainfall are characterized by changes in the timing and duration of its intraseasonal stages, controlled by the meridional position of the westerlies relative to the Tibetan Plateau. This hypothesis is examined in the context of the leading mode of East Asian summer (July–August) rainfall. One phase of this “tripole” mode—characterized by less rainfall over central eastern China and increased rainfall over northeastern and southeastern China—is tied to an earlier termination of Meiyu that results in a significantly shorter Meiyu and longer Midsummer stage. This phase also exhibits an earlier northward transition of the westerlies to the north of the Plateau, essentially mirroring the changes to precipitation seasonality. The reverse does not hold true for the opposite phase. Our results show direct observational evidence for the meridional position of the westerlies to control East Asian summer monsoon seasonality.
A dynamical systems approach to studying midlatitude weather extremes
Authors: Messori Gabriele , Caballero Rodrigo , Faranda Davide 
Published: March 2017

AbstractExtreme weather occurrences carry enormous social and economic costs and routinely garner widespread scientific and media coverage. The ability to predict these events is therefore a topic of crucial importance. Here we propose a novel predictability pathway for extreme events, by building upon recent advances in dynamical systems theory. We show that simple dynamical systems metrics can be used to identify sets of large‐scale atmospheric flow patterns with similar spatial structure and temporal evolution on time scales of several days to a week. In regions where these patterns favor extreme weather, they afford a particularly good predictability of the extremes. We specifically test this technique on the atmospheric circulation in the North Atlantic region, where it provides predictability of large‐scale wintertime surface temperature extremes in Europe up to 1 week in advance.
Iodine(III)‐Promoted Ring Contractive Cyanation of Exocyclic β‐Enaminones for the Synthesis of Cyanocyclopentanones
Authors: Bhattacherjee Dhananjay , Thakur Vandna , Sharma Saurabh , Kumar Sandeep , Bharti Richa , Reddy C. Bal , Das Pralay 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA highly efficient hypervalent iodine‐promoted regiocontrolled ring contractive cyanation (RCC) reaction of exocyclic β‐enaminones for the synthesis of cyanocyclopentanone (CCP) was demonstrated at ambient temperature with a wide substrate scope. The methodology offers a facile technique to construct an amino carbonitrile‐containing quaternary stereocenter at the α‐position of cyclopentanone in good yields. The sequence of substrate addition that can facilitate the reaction to follow different pathways (free radical/non‐radical) to afford the same final product was critically investigated.magnified image