bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Phase Modulated Signal Generation Technology in Position Tracking
Authors: MUSHA TAKESHI , NAKAJIMA HAJIME , INUJIMA HIROSHI 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYWe carry out a technological examination for improving the positional detection accuracy of position tracking. In this paper, we focus on positional detection technology that uses a scale in which slits are carved at a certain constant period. We develop phase modulation signal generation technology that removes a signal of two frequencies of a one‐signal detection track. We report on the detection principle and the results of the principle verification experiment.
Robust Extraction of Desired Speaker's Utterance in Overlapped Speech
Authors: LU HAOZE , AKAIWA YUMA , HORIUCHI YASUO , KUROIWA SHINGO 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose a speaker indexing method using speaker verification technique to extract one desired speaker's utterances from conversational speech. To solve the overlapped speech problem, we construct overlapped speech models with the observed conversational speech itself. The overlapped speech models include overlapped speech of target and cohort speaker, and speech model of two cohort speakers. In order to evaluate the proposed method, we made a simulated conversational speech that has up to 50% overlapping segments. The equal error rate was reduced by up to 43.7% compared with the conventional methods that use a target speaker model only, and use a target model and overlapped speech model trained with a speaker independent of large speech database.
Screening of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Using Self‐Organizing Map
Authors: AOKI HIROOKI , MASHIMO SHUKO , NAKAMURA HIDETOSHI 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYWe have examined the noncontact respiration measurement by applying the active stereo for realizing easy screening of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we apply the self‐organizing map (SOM) for classification of unforced respiratory waveform. The automatic classification of the respiratory waveform is based on the difference in the undulating pattern of respiratory waveform between the COPD patients and the healthy subjects. As the result of the experiment, it became clear that the classification by SOM is almost equivalent to the classification by respiratory specialists.
Reconstruction of Bursting Activity in Cultured Neuronal Network from State‐Space Model and Leader Spatial Activity Pattern
Authors: YADA YUICHIRO , KANZAKI RYOHEI , TAKAHASHI HIROKAZU 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYA small subset of neurons, called “leader neurons”, has been assumed as the sources of network bursts in dissociated neuronal cultures. In this paper, we proposed a network burst generation model that a network burst is considered as a sequential transition of spatial activity patterns lead by a “leader pattern”. We recorded spontaneous activities of cultured cortical networks with high‐density CMOS‐based microelectrode arrays. Spatial patterns were extracted from the high‐dimensional recorded data using nonnegative matrix factorization. Then, we hypothesized the state‐space model where the leader pattern served as input and the others served as states, respectively. After estimating the model parameters from the learning data, we attempted to restore the activities of test data with the estimated model. As a result, the spatio‐temporal patterns in network bursts were successfully reconstructed from the model, suggesting that the leader pattern is a crucial predictor of the network burst.
Structure and physical properties of oleogels containing peanut oil and saturated fatty alcohols
Authors: Valoppi Fabio , Calligaris Sonia , Marangoni Alejandro G. 
Published: October 2016

This study examined the capability of fatty alcohols with chain lengths from C14OH to C22OH to gel peanut oil. The gelation was achieved by crystallizing the samples at 5°C/min or 40°C/min. Results showed that minimum gelling concentration decreased as fatty alcohol chain length increased and it was higher for fast cooled samples than for the corresponding slow cooled ones. More than 7% of C14OH was necessary to obtain a self‐standing material highlighting its low capacity as oleogelator. Other oleogels were compared at 5% fatty alcohol concentration in peanut oil and oleogels containing C16OH yielded the weakest system, with the lowest ability to retain oil. This was attributed to its higher solubility in oil as compared to other fatty alcohols as well as to the formation of larger crystal aggregates. As the fatty alcohol chain length increased, systems became stronger, displaying smaller crystal aggregates. For all cases, an increase in cooling rate lead to the formation of weaker gels with reduced capacity to entrap oil.Practical applications: A novel strategy to reduce saturated/trans fats in food products involves the use of oleogels. Here we report on the use of even saturated fatty alcohols to gel peanut oil, thus preventing oil separation during storage and handling of products such as nut butters. The structure and physical properties of fatty alcohol oleogels greatly depend on fatty alcohols chain length as well as cooling rate applied during crystallization. Fatty alcohols proved to be a very efficient peanut oil stabilizer.Fatty alcohol chain length and cooling rate greatly affected organogel structure and physical properties.
Activation and Decomposition of Methane over Cobalt‐, Copper‐, and Iron‐Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for COx‐Free Hydrogen and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Production
Authors: Dasireddy Venkata D. B. C. , Likozar Blaž 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMonometallic 50 wt % Cu/Al2O3 catalyst and bimetallic catalysts containing 25 wt % Co/25 wt % Cu, 25 wt % Co/25 wt % Fe, and 25 wt % Cu/25 wt % Fe, supported on Al2O3, were prepared by impregnation and coimpregnation methods. For bimetallic catalysts, metal oxides were in the form of spinel oxides, which exhibited a strong metal–support interaction. The decomposition of methane over these catalysts led to the formation of pure hydrogen and carbon nanotubes on their surfaces. The activation energy, total carbon yield, and amount of hydrogen formed, by using the prepared catalysts, were in agreement with the metal dispersion and acid–base site ratio on the surface of the catalysts. Cu−Fe/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited a stable hydrogen formation rate of 58 mmol min−1 g−1 at a temperature of 650 °C. All catalysts exhibited deactivation after 500 min, which occurred due to the formation of carbon on the surface of the catalysts. The carbon material deposited predominantly assumed the form of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, as evidenced by high‐resolution TEM and Raman spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis finally confirmed that Cu−Fe/Al2O3 exhibited a higher yield of multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
Photoacoustic microscopy of electronic acupuncture (EA) effect in small animals
Authors: Yang Jinge , Wu Dan , Tang Yong , Jiang Huabei 
Published: October 2016

Acupuncture has been an effective treatment for various pain in China for several thousand years. However, the mechanisms underlying this mysterious ancient healing are still largely unknown. Here we applied photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) to investigate brain hemodynamic changes in response to electronic acupuncture (EA) at ST36 (Zusanli). Due to the high optical absorption of blood at 532 nm, PAM could sensitively probe changes in hemoglobin concentration (HbT, i.e., cerebral blood volume [CBV]) of cortical regions in high resolution. Six healthy mice were stimulated at the acupoint and three healthy mice were stimulated at sham points. Remarkable CBV changes in sensorimotor and retrosplenial agranular cortex were observed. Results showed the potential of PAM as a visualization tool to study the acupuncture effect on brain hemodynamics in animal models.
(a) Schematic showing the stimulation points. (b) B‐scan images overlaid with mouse atlas. (c) & (d) Statistical results of CBV changes from cortical regions.magnified image(a) Schematic showing the stimulation points. (b) B‐scan images overlaid with mouse atlas. (c) & (d) Statistical results of CBV changes from cortical regions.
Silk fibroin based carrier system for delivery of fibrinogen and thrombin as coagulant supplements
Authors: Teuschl Andreas H. , Zipperle Johannes , Huber‐Gries Carina , Kaplan David L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe control of bleeding is one of the most important interventions after a traumatic injury. Hemostatic devices delivering blood clotting accelerating agents such as fibrinogen are increasingly used due to their efficacy and their ease of application. In the present study, we describe a method to incorporate the coagulant supplements fibrinogen and thrombin in silk protein sponges by mixing the coagulants with an aqueous silk solution, followed by molding, freeze‐drying, and water annealing. In this combination system, we demonstrate the delivery of fibrinogen while maintaining its hemostatic potential. Concentration ratios of silk to fibrinogen of 1.0%/2.8%, 2.3%/1.5%, and 3.0%/0.8% were used. The thrombin‐induced fibrin polymeric network filled the space in and next to the silk spongy structure but also remained interconnected to the silk, providing an intact network. The mechanical characterization of the fibrinogen‐releasing silk sponges before and after the induction of the fibrinogen polymerization demonstrated that the fibrin network resulted in reduced permanent deformation from 21.1% to 6.5%, 19.6% to 5.7%, and 12.7% to 9.4% for the 2.8%, 1.5%, and 0.8% fibrinogen‐containing silk sponges, respectively. Moreover, the fibrin formation lead to a more linear elastic behavior over longer strain ranges. In combination, the Calcein‐AM/PI staining and MTT assay results indicate uniform cell adhesion on the surface and cytocompatibility of the silk/fibrin sponges, respectively. Moreover, the co‐delivery of thrombin with fibrinogen via silk as carrier material is described, offering a more mechanically robust and durable system while preserving hemostatic features of the coagulant substances for the generation of hemostatic devices. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 687–696, 2017.
The Limited Clinical Utility of Testosterone, Estradiol, and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Measurements in the Prediction of Fracture Risk and Bone Loss in Older Men
Authors: Orwoll Eric S , Lapidus Jodi , Wang Patty Y , Vandenput Liesbeth , Hoffman Andrew , Fink Howard A , Laughlin Gail A , Nethander Maria , Ljunggren Östen , Kindmark Andreas , Lorentzon Mattias , Karlsson Magnus K , Mellström Dan , Kwok Anthony , Khosla Sundeep , Kwok Timothy , Ohlsson Claes ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Measurement of serum testosterone (T) levels is recommended in the evaluation of osteoporosis in older men and estradiol (E2) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels are associated with the rate of bone loss and fractures, but the clinical utility of sex steroid and SHBG measurements for the evaluation of osteoporosis in men has not been examined. To evaluate whether measurements of T, E2, and/or SHBG are useful for the prediction of fracture risk or the rate of bone loss in older men, we analyzed longitudinal data from 5487 community-based men participating in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study in the United States, Sweden, and Hong Kong. Serum T, E2, and SHBG levels were assessed at baseline; incident fractures were self-reported at 4-month intervals with radiographic verification (US), or ascertained via national health records (Sweden, Hong Kong). Rate of bone loss was assessed by serial measures of hip bone mineral density (BMD). We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) to assess improvement in prediction. Mean age at baseline was 72 to 75 years and the prevalence of low T levels (&lt;300 ng/dL) was 7.6% to 21.3% in the three cohorts. There were 619 incident major osteoporotic and 266 hip fractures during follow-up of approximately 10 years. Based on ROC curves, there were no improvements in fracture risk discrimination for any biochemical measure when added to models, including the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) with BMD. Although minor improvements in NRI were observed for the dichotomous parameters low bioavailable E2 (BioE2) (&lt;11.4 pg/mL) and high SHBG (&gt;59.1 nM), neither sex steroids nor SHBG provided clinically useful improvement in fracture risk discrimination. Similarly, they did not contribute to the prediction of BMD change. In conclusion, there is limited clinical utility of serum E2, T, and SHBG measures for the evaluation of osteoporosis risk in elderly men. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sonohysterosalpingography: Comparison of foam and saline solution
Authors: Piccioni Maria Grazia , Riganelli Lucia , Filippi Valentina , Fuggetta Eliana , Colagiovanni Vanessa , Imperiale Ludovica , Caccetta Jlenia , Panici Pierluigi Benedetti , Porpora Maria Grazia 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeTo compare sonohysterosalpingography (sono‐HSG) with foam instillation (HyFoSy) versus saline solution (HyCoSy) in the evaluation of tubal patency.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 37 infertile women, scheduled for laparoscopy. The women were randomized into two groups: HyFoSy (group I) and HyCoSy (group II). The patients of both groups underwent laparoscopy with dye test. We assessed the diagnostic performance (sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy) of HyFoSy and HyCoSy, compared with laparoscopy and dye test, in the assessment of tubal patency.ResultsSono‐HSG findings in tubal patency assessment obtained in the HyFoSy group were concordant with laparoscopic results in 94.4% of cases, with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 100%, whereas in the HyCoSy group, concordance occurred in only 57.8% of examinations, with a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 66.6%.ConclusionsHyFoSy allows a more accurate diagnosis of tubal patency compared with HyCoSy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:67–71, 2017;
Noninvasive evaluation of right hemodynamics in carcinoid heart disease: A case report
Authors: Nardozza Marianna , Mele Donato , Ferrari Roberto 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTWe report the case of a 67‐year‐old woman with a carcinoid tumor of midgut origin who developed carcinoid heart disease and died because of bowel perforation. Echocardiography allowed the diagnosis, recognizing the typical abnormalities of tricuspid and pulmonary valve leaflets. The sonographic examination also evidenced peculiar alterations of the right heart hemodynamics: end‐diastolic reversal of flow at the level of the pulmonary valve, reduced respiratory excursion without enlargement of the inferior vena cava, and biphasic hepatic venous flow without respiratory variation. Echocardiography allowed both the diagnosis and the accurate assessment of the hemodynamic consequences of the disease. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:355–361, 2017;
Dilemma in clinical diagnosis of right ventricular masses
Authors: Sušić Livija , Baraban Vedrana , Vincelj Josip , Maričić Lana , Ćatić Jasmina , Blažeković Robert , Manojlović Spomenka 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTDetection of an intracardiac mass always represents a clinical challenge. We present a 61‐year‐old female patient with symptoms of New York Heart Association class III. Two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography revealed a hypoechogenic mass in the cavity of the dilated right ventricle (RV). Cardiac MRI described a pathologic structure of the RV free wall with pedunculated tumor in its cavity. Three months later, on a repeated echocardiography, there were three individual masses. The patient underwent surgery and the pathohistologic report demonstrated thrombotic masses. During the postoperative period, after reviewing all medical records, the conclusion was arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:362–369, 2017;
Gender and Climate Change in Latin America: An Analysis of Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience Based on Household Surveys
Authors: Andersen Lykke E. , Verner Dorte , Wiebelt Manfred 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper analyses gender differences in vulnerability and resilience to shocks, including climate change and climate variability, for Peru, Brazil and Mexico, which together account for more than half the population in Latin America. Vulnerability and resilience indicators are measured by a combination of the level of household incomes per capita and the degree of diversification of these incomes. Thus, households which simultaneously have incomes which are below the national poverty line and which are poorly diversified (Diversification Index below 0.5) are classified as highly vulnerable, whereas households which have highly diversified incomes above the poverty line are classified as highly resilient. The analysis shows that female headed households in all three countries tend to be less vulnerable and more resilient than male headed households, despite the fact that the former usually have lower education levels. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A model for moisture and heat flow in fractured unsaturated porous media
Authors: Varnosfaderani A.M. , Gatmiri B. , Haghighi E.M. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe present study investigates propagation of a cohesive crack in non‐isothermal unsaturated porous medium under mode I conditions. Basic points of skeleton deformation, moisture, and heat transfer for unsaturated porous medium are presented. Boundary conditions on the crack surface that consist of mechanical interaction of the crack and the porous medium, water, and heat flows through the crack are taken into consideration. For spatial discretization, the extended finite element method is used. This method uses enriched shape functions in addition to ordinary shape functions for approximation of displacement, pressure, and temperature fields. The Heaviside step function and the distance function are exploited as enrichment functions for representing the crack surfaces displacement and the discontinuous vertical gradients of the pressure and temperature fields along the crack, respectively. For temporal discretization, backward finite difference scheme is applied. Problems solved from the literature show the validity of the model as well as the dependency of structural response on the material properties and loading. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐contractile BOLD contrast in skeletal muscle at 7 T reveals inter‐individual heterogeneity in the physiological responses to muscle contraction
Authors: Towse Theodore F. , Elder Christopher P. , Bush Emily C. , Klockenkemper Samuel W. , Bullock Jared T. , Dortch Richard D. , Damon Bruce M. 
Published: October 2016

Muscle blood oxygenation‐level dependent (BOLD) contrast is greater in magnitude and potentially more influenced by extravascular BOLD mechanisms at 7 T than it is at lower field strengths. Muscle BOLD imaging of muscle contractions at 7 T could, therefore, provide greater or different contrast than at 3 T. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using BOLD imaging at 7 T to assess the physiological responses to in vivo muscle contractions. Thirteen subjects (four females) performed a series of isometric contractions of the calf muscles while being scanned in a Philips Achieva 7 T human imager. Following 2 s maximal isometric plantarflexion contractions, BOLD signal transients ranging from 0.3 to 7.0% of the pre‐contraction signal intensity were observed in the soleus muscle. We observed considerable inter‐subject variability in both the magnitude and time course of the muscle BOLD signal. A subset of subjects (n = 7) repeated the contraction protocol at two different repetition times (TR: 1000 and 2500 ms) to determine the potential of T1‐related inflow effects on the magnitude of the post‐contractile BOLD response. Consistent with previous reports, there was no difference in the magnitude of the responses for the two TR values (3.8 ± 0.9 versus 4.0 ± 0.6% for TR = 1000 and 2500 ms, respectively; mean ± standard error). These results demonstrate that studies of the muscle BOLD responses to contractions are feasible at 7 T. Compared with studies at lower field strengths, post‐contractile 7 T muscle BOLD contrast may afford greater insight into microvascular function and dysfunction.
Obesity modifies bone marrow microenvironment and directs bone marrow mesenchymal cells to adipogenesis
Authors: da Silva Simone Vargas , Renovato‐Martins Mariana , Ribeiro‐Pereira Cristiane , Citelli Marta , Barja‐Fidalgo Christina 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of obesity on the bone marrow microenvironment and evaluate its possible impact on the adipogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC).MethodsC57BL/6 male mice were fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Femurs and tibiae were collected, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSC) were isolated and analyzed for proliferative potential, immunophenotype, and expression of adipogenesis markers. Their capacity to produce extracellular matrix proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in vitro was also evaluated.ResultsHFD mice presented a significant increase in bone marrow cellularity and higher tumor necrosis factor‐α production in vitro. BM‐MSC from HFD mice had higher proliferative capacity, produced more extracellular matrix proteins associated with adipogenesis, collagen I, and collagen IV, and showed increased constitutive expression of adipogenic markers, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ, and CCAAT/enhanced binding protein family‐α, without changes in preadipocyte factor‐1 expression. Incubation with adipocyte‐differentiation medium induced further increase in CCAAT/enhanced binding protein family‐α and augmented adiponectin expression in obese BM‐MSC. These alterations did not result in increased adipogenic differentiation within the bone marrow. Moreover, BM‐HSC from HFD mice, co‐cultivated with BM‐MSCs from lean mice, exerted paracrine effects on these cells, inducing augment of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ.ConclusionsThe data suggest that obesity promotes an inflammatory microenvironment in bone marrow that commits BM‐MSC to adipogenesis.
Atrial electrocardiography in obesity and hypertension: Clinical insights from the Polish‐Norwegian Study (PONS)
Authors: Vaidean Georgeta D. , Manczuk Marta , Magnani Jared W. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveObesity and hypertension often coexist and represent risk factors for atrial fibrillation. This study hypothesized that their single and joint effects on atrial remodeling would be reflected in the PR interval and P‐wave durations on electrocardiogram (ECG).MethodsThis cross‐sectional analysis of a community‐based study included 11,308 men and women age 45–64. Atrial indices were obtained from digital standard 12‐lead resting ECG. Analyses were adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsBoth ECG indices displayed a progressive increase across anthropometric indices. Each 5‐unit increment in body mass index (BMI) increased P‐wave duration by 1.9 ms (95% CI 1.5‐2.2) and PR interval by 2.4 ms (95% CI 1.9‐3.0), with similar trends for central obesity, even among those without obesity by BMI. Both ECG indices displayed graded increases across levels of blood pressure control, including prehypertension. A joint effect of overweight and hypertension on both ECG indices was detected. P‐wave duration or PR interval among people with obesity was not additionally increased by hypertension.ConclusionsP‐wave indices increase in general and central obesity. Hypertension exerts an incremental effect in people with overweight but not in people with obesity. The study furthered the understanding of atrial remodeling in the setting of major atrial fibrillation risk factors.