bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echography-Guided Pinning for Prevention of Iatrogenic Injuries to the Radial Nerve during Fixation of Extra-articular Distal Radius Fracture: An Anatomical Study
Authors: Bouillis Jérémie , Ropars Mickaël , Lallouet Stéphanie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study assesses the usefulness and feasibility of an osteosynthesis of the lower end of the radius under ultrasound imaging to avoid the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN). A single operator performed an initial echography of the wrist of 12 cadaveric upper limbs to identify the three main branches of the SBRN and the tendons. Then, three pins were placed according to Kapandji's procedure, avoiding the structures spotted under ultrasound imaging. After dissection, the safety distances for the branches of the SBRN, dorsal extensor tendons, and veins were measured, and injuries to these structures were noted. No lesion of the SBRN was found with an average safety distance of 8.1 for the third branch of the radial nerve (SR3) and 1.3 mm for the first and the second branches of the radial nerve (SR1–2). Three tendons were spiked. The average operative time was 38.3 minutes. Ultrasound secures percutaneous surgery to avoid the branches of the SBRN but requires a learning curve.
Dorsal Wrist Pain in the Extended Wrist-Loading Position: An MRI Study
Authors: Nance Erin , Byun David , Endo Yoshimi , Wolfe Scott , Lee Steve 
Published: March 2017

Background The etiology of dorsal wrist pain associated with loading of the wrist in extension has not been clearly identified in the literature.
Purpose Many exercise disciplines incorporate upper extremity weight-bearing exercises in an extended wrist posture, for example push-ups, plank position, and various yoga and Pilates poses. This study evaluates patients with dorsal wrist pain in the extended wrist-loading position and identifies anatomic abnormalities in the wrist using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods A retrospective chart review was performed comparing MRI of patients who complained of dorsal wrist pain while performing weight bearing in a wrist extension position with a control group of patients who complained of ulnar-sided wrist pain. The primary MRI outcome was dorsal wrist pathology, including occult dorsal ganglion cyst, scapholunate ligament tear or degeneration, and dorsal capsulitis.
Results Dorsal wrist pathology was significantly more prevalent in patients with dorsal wrist pain (84%) than in the patient cohort with ulnar-sided wrist pain (12%). Occult dorsal ganglion cysts were the most common sources of pathology (76%).
Conclusion MRI demonstrated an identifiable dorsal abnormality in 84% of patients with dorsal wrist pain associated with weight bearing on the extended wrist. Occult dorsal ganglion cysts are the most common cause of dorsal wrist pain, followed by partial scapholunate tears. When patients complain of dorsal wrist pain during specific extended loading wrist positions such as push-ups, yoga, or Pilates poses, an MRI may be warranted to help identify anatomic abnormalities that may help guide treatment choices.
Level of Evidence Diagnostic, Level III.
Erfassung und Bewertung der Kosten von Präventions- und Gesundheitsförderungsmaßnahmen – Entwicklung eines Konzepts am Beispiel ‚Bewegungsförderung‘
Authors: Korber Katharina , Wolfenstetter Silke 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungEs ist sowohl ein medizinisches als auch gesundheitsökonomisches Ziel, mit gegebenen finanziellen Ressourcen die bestmöglichen gesundheitlichen Effekte zu erreichen. Das Abschätzen der Kosten von Interventionsprogrammen ist hierfür notwendig und nicht immer vorab möglich. Eine Möglichkeit, Informationen über Kosten, bzw. Kosteneffektivität bestimmter Maßnahmen zu erhalten, ist es, bereits existierende Programme diesbezüglich zu überprüfen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, eine einfache, gut verständliche und praktikable Möglichkeit zur Dokumentation von Kosten von Präventions- und Gesundheitsförderungsmaßnahmen zu schaffen. Basierend auf den wesentlichen Grundlagen, welche generell für eine Kostenerhebung nötig sind, wurden ein Fragebogen sowie ein Modul zur Erfassung der verbrauchten Ressourcen und der daraus resultierenden Kosten entwickelt. Diese wurden im Rahmen eines Pretests angewendet, überprüft und verbessert. Das entwickelte Kostenmodul ist wie folgt aufgebaut: In der linken Spalte sind 5 zentrale Kostenkategorien aufgelistet: Personal, Räumlichkeiten, Ausstattung und Ablauf, Verwaltung, Sonstiges. Das Kostenmodul ist ein Kompromiss zwischen mehreren nur schwer miteinander zu vereinbarenden Zielen. Einerseits sollten die Kosten so detailliert wie möglich erfasst werden und andererseits muss das Modul sehr einfach umzusetzen sein, da es sonst in der Praxis keine Anwendung findet. Hierfür könnte es auch sinnvoll sein, für jeden Akteur ein Modul zu entwickeln, dass so genau wie möglich auf sein spezielles Aktivitätsspektrum hin ausgerichtet ist. Es wurden alle Rückmeldungen und Vorschläge aus dem Pretest eingearbeitet, von denen einige jedoch projektspezifisch waren. Hier wurde versucht, einen Kompromiss aus Detailliertheit und Praktikabilität zu finden. Aus diesem Grund wurde vor allem die Anleitung um ausführlichere Beschreibungen und Beispiele erweitert. Das hier vorgestellte Modul ist allgemein gehalten. Das ist zugleich ein großer Vorteil da es damit für die Dokumentation der Kosten bei ganz unterschiedlichen Akteuren genutzt werden kann. Somit bietet das vorgestellte Grundgerüst zur Kostenerhebung einen zentralen, ersten Baustein für eine detaillierte Dokumentation der Programmkosten und bietet die Möglichkeit die Vergleichbarkeit sowie die Übertragbarkeit der Präventionsprogramme zu prüfen.
Impact of savings groups on the lives of the poor
Authors: Karlan Dean , Savonitto Beniamino , Thuysbaert Bram , Udry Christopher 
Published: March 2017

SignificanceWe conducted a large randomized evaluation of a savings-led microfinance program across three countries. This evaluation provides important evidence on the impact of a popular development intervention on the lives of low-income households in rural communities by looking at its effects on usage of financial services, microenterprise activity, income, female empowerment, consumption, and the ability to cope with shocks.
mTORC1/2 inhibition preserves ovarian function and fertility during genotoxic chemotherapy
Authors: Goldman Kara N. , Chenette Devon , Arju Rezina , Duncan Francesca E. , Keefe David L. , Grifo Jamie A. , Schneider Robert J. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
A major unresolved issue for premenopausal women undergoing chemotherapy is infertility due to the loss of nonrenewable ovarian primordial follicles. We show that pharmacologic down-regulation of the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway during chemotherapy in a mouse model prevents activation of primordial follicles, preserves ovarian function, and maintains normal fertility using clinically available inhibitors of mTOR complex (C)1 and mTORC1/2. These findings represent a feasible pharmacologic approach for preservation of ovarian function and fertility during treatment with conventional chemotherapy.
A Call for Evidence-Based Conservation and Management of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Authors: Cooke Steven J. , Wesch Sean , Donaldson Lisa A. , Wilson Alexander D. M. , Haddaway Neal R. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Natural resource management agencies implement conservation policies with the presumption that they are effective and of benefit to aquatic ecosystems. However, it is often difficult to decide what management action to implement and what will be most effective. Here we call for natural resource management agencies to fully adopt and implement evidence-based management (EBM) for conservation and fisheries management. We support this call by providing a primer on systematic reviews, a core tool in evidence synthesis but one that is rarely used in the context of fisheries management. We highlight the benefits and challenges associated with implementing EBM, with a particular focus on the routine decisions and management actions undertaken by natural resource practitioners. We submit that by adopting EBM, practitioners would have access to the best available evidence on the effectiveness of various management and conservation interventions, while providing defensible and credible evidence to inform decision-making processes and policies.
Standard Methods for Sampling Freshwater Fishes: Opportunities for International Collaboration
Authors: Bonar Scott A. , Mercado-Silva Norman , Hubert Wayne A. , Beard T. Douglas , Dave Göran , Kubečka Jan , Graeb Brian D. S. , Lester Nigel P. , Porath Mark , Winfield Ian J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
With publication of Standard Methods for Sampling North American Freshwater Fishes in 2009, the American Fisheries Society (AFS) recommended standard procedures for North America. To explore interest in standardizing at intercontinental scales, a symposium attended by international specialists in freshwater fish sampling was convened at the 145th Annual AFS Meeting in Portland, Oregon, in August 2015. Participants represented all continents except Australia and Antarctica and were employed by state and federal agencies, universities, nongovernmental organizations, and consulting businesses. Currently, standardization is practiced mostly in North America and Europe. Participants described how standardization has been important for management of long-term data sets, promoting fundamental scientific understanding, and assessing efficacy of large spatial scale management strategies. Academics indicated that standardization has been useful in fisheries education because time previously used to teach how sampling methods are developed is now more devoted to diagnosis and treatment of problem fish communities. Researchers reported that standardization allowed increased sample size for method validation and calibration. Group consensus was to retain continental standards where they currently exist but to further explore international and intercontinental standardization, specifically identifying where synergies and bridges exist, and identify means to collaborate with scientists where standardization is limited but interest and need occur.
How to Incorporate Experiential Learning in the Classroom to Address Complex Problems in Ecology
Authors: Deslauriers David 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
An alternative to the use of live predators in the context of predator–prey feeding relationships for educational purposes is presented here. A group of 18 students was asked to maneuver a fictional predator (pipette), which was used to capture age-0 Shovelnose Sturgeon under different densities (1–30 fish per 40-L tank) and temperature treatments (13°C, 18°C, and 24°C). The data were then used to estimate the functional feeding response coefficients typical of a type II curve. Results indicated that the temperature treatments did not have a significant influence on the magnitude of the coefficients. However, the use of a fictional predator provided useful insight into behaviors (fish captured head first and off the bottom of the tank) that were more likely to lead to a predation event. This exercise also limited the mortality of organisms typically associated with these types of trials. Conclusions should provide students with a mechanistic understanding of predator–prey interactions by means of an experiential learning experience.
How should we categorise self‐reported data on subsequent injuries?
Authors: Von Rosen Philip , Heijne Annette 
Published: March 2017

AbstractClassifying subsequent injuries is of high importance in injury epidemiology since a previous injury has been reported to increase the risk of a new injury or increase the risk of a more severe injury. Multiple reports have shown that self‐reported data provide an extensive view of an injury problem and add valuable information to the understanding of the athlete's health. The purpose of this study was to display a method that can be used to facilitate classification of subsequent injuries and to discuss challenges faced when categorising subsequent injuries based on self‐reported data. The suitability of a new model for Subsequent Injuries Adjusted for Self‐reported data (SIAS model) was demonstrated with sport injury data from a cohort of 101 adolescent elite track & field athletes, followed over 52 weeks. A total number of 71 subsequent injuries were identified. Of all subsequent injuries, recurrent injuries represented 69.0% (n = 49) and 31.0% (n = 22) were classified as new injuries. The majority of subsequent injuries (n = 60, 84.5%) occurred after athletes had recovered from a previous injury. Of all subsequent injuries, 15.5% (n = 11) represented injuries where athletes had not fully recovered from a previous injury. Application of the SIAS model allows for classification of subsequent injuries based on self‐reported data on the recovery level of the athletes, the injury onset and injury type. The developed SIAS model follows the consensus recommendations of injury definition, injury classification and is an attempt to increase the understanding of the complex relationship of subsequent injuries in self‐reported data sets.
Using electronic medical record notes to measure ICU telemedicine utilization
Authors: O’Shea Amy MJ , Vaughan Sarrazin Mary , Nassar Boulos , Cram Peter , Johnson Lynelle , Bonello Robert , Panos Ralph J , Reisinger Heather S 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Given the complexity of high-acuity health care, designing an effective clinical note template can be beneficial to both document patient care and clarify how telemedicine is used. We characterized documented interactions via a standardized note template between bedside intensive care unit (ICU) providers and teleintensivists in 2 Veterans Health Administration ICU telemedicine support centers. All ICUs linked to support centers and providing care from October 2012 through September 2014 were considered. Interactions were assessed based on initiation site, bedside initiator, contact type, and patient care change. Of 14 511 ICU admissions with teleintensivist access, teleintensivist interaction was documented in 21.6% (N = 3136). In particular, contacts were primarily initiated by bedside staff (74.4%), use increased over time, and of contacts resulting in changes in patient care, most were initiated by a bedside nurse (84.3%). Given this variation, future research necessitates inclusion of utilization in evaluation of Tele-ICU and patient outcomes.
Fair decomposition of group obligations
Authors: Alechina Natasha , van der Hoek Wiebe , Logan Brian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe consider the problem of decomposing a group norm into a set of individual obligations for the agents comprising the group, such that if the individual obligations are fulfilled, the group obligation is fulfilled. Such an assignment of tasks to agents is often subject to additional social or organizational norms that specify permissible ways in which tasks can be assigned. An important role of social norms is that they can be used to impose ‘fairness constraints’, which seek to distribute individual responsibility for discharging the group norm in a ‘fair’ or ‘equitable’ way. We propose a simple language for this kind of fairness constraints and analyse the problem of computing a fair decomposition of a group obligation, both for non-repeating and for repeating group obligations.
Supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs): homogeneous regular 2D and 3D pores in water
Authors: Tian Jia , Wang Hui , Zhang Dan-Wei , Liu Yi , Li Zhan-Ting 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Studies on periodic porosity and related properties and functions have been limited to insoluble solid-state materials. Self-assembly provides a straightforward and efficient strategy for the construction of soluble periodic porous supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) in water from rationally designed molecular building blocks. From rigid tri- and tetra-armed building blocks and cucurbitu[8]ril (CB[8]), a number of two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb, square and rhombic SOFs can be generated, which is driven by CB[8]-encapsulation-enhanced dimerization of two aromatic units on the periphery of the multi-armed molecules. By utilizing the same three-component host−guest motif as the driving force, three-dimensional (3D) diamondoid and cubic SOFs can be obtained from tetrahedral and [Ru(bipy)3]2+-derived octahedral monomers and CB[8]. All of the 2D and 3D periodic frameworks are soluble in water, and are able to maintain the periodicity as well as the pore sizes in the solid state. 3D SOFs are highly efficient homogeneous polycationic frameworks for reversible adsorption of anionic species including organic dyes, peptides, nucleic acids, drugs, dendrimers and Wells-Dawson-typed polyoxametallates (WD-POMs). WD-POM molecules adsorbed in the [Ru(bipy)3]2+-based SOF can catalyse the reduction of proton to H2 upon visible-light sensitization of [Ru(bipy)3]2+, which allows multiple electron transfer from [Ru(bipy)3]2+ to WD-POM. This review summarizes the design, formation and characterization of this new family of self-assembled frameworks, highlights their applications as homogeneous porous materials and finally outlines some future research directions.
Early Development, Identification of Mode of Action, and Use of Dantrolene Sodium
Authors: Pollock Neil A. , Machon Roslyn G. , Rosenberg Henry 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Dantrolene—a nitrofurantoin derivative—was developed by Snyder et al. in 1967. After initial discovery of its muscle relaxation potential, investigations in a number of species demonstrated dose-dependent reductions in skeletal muscle tone that were long lasting, relatively nontoxic, and free of adverse effects such as respiratory impairment. Ellis et al. then published a number of papers investigating the means by which dantrolene produced these effects. Using a series of classic physiologic models, Ellis investigated potential sites of action for the new drug, eventually narrowing this down to the intracellular calcium-release mechanism. Ellis went on to play a pivotal role in the discovery of dantrolene’s effectiveness for the treatment of malignant hyperthermia, after reading a scientific bulletin about muscle rigidity in pigs affected by porcine stress syndrome, contacting Gaisford Harrison and sending dantrolene to him for trial.
SPONTANEOUS SUPRACHOROIDAL HEMORRHAGE ASSOCIATED WITH IATROGENIC COAGULOPATHY
Authors: Akkan Aydoğmuş Fatma Sema , Serdar Kurtulus , Kalayci Defne , Çelik Ayşenur 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
To present a case of spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage in a patient on anticoagulation.

Methods:
Single case report.

Results:
A 68-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure presented with massive spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage in the left eye. She had no known ophthalmic pathology. She was taking warfarin and she had a high international normalization ratio. Despite medical and surgical therapy, there was no improvement and vision deteriorated to no light perception.

Conclusion:
Spontaneous expulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhage is a rare entity. Advanced age, systemic anticoagulation, and hypertension are strong risk factors. It is important to monitor international normalization ratio in warfarinized patients; particularly, uncontrolled high levels may cause spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage in the absence of predisposing ocular pathology.
Can We Improve the Tolerance of an Ocular Prosthesis by Enhancing Its Surface Finish?
Authors: Litwin Andre S. , Worrell Emma , Roos Jonathan C. P. , Edwards Barry , Malhotra Raman 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
Patients who wear an ocular prosthesis frequently suffer with dry eye symptoms and socket discharge, often on a daily basis. The aim of the study was to determine whether a smoother, optical quality polish of the prosthesis’ surface could improve symptoms and wear tolerance. The study was designed as single-center, single-masked, prospective randomized controlled trial. Eighty-eight consecutive patients undergoing annual ocular prosthesis maintenance review were approached from the prosthesis clinic. Forty-one out of 49 eligible patients were recruited.

Methods:
Participants were randomized to either a standard or a higher “optical quality” polish of their prosthesis. At entry to the trial, at 1 month, and 12 months they completed a questionnaire covering cleaning, lubricant use, inflammation, discomfort, and discharge. Lower scores indicated better tolerance of the prosthesis. At each visit, the prosthesis was stained and photographed against a standard background to assess deposit build up. Primary outcome measures were 1) a subjective questionnaire score and 2) an objective assessment of surface deposit build-up on prosthetic eyes by standardized photographic grading.

Results:
Forty-one patients participated in the study. The median age of their prosthesis was 36 months (range 9 months–40 years). There was no statistically significant difference in questionnaire scores or deposit build up between the 2 groups at baseline. By 12-months, the higher optical quality polish showed a statistically significant reduction in symptoms and frequency of discharge (2.19 vs. 3.85; p = 0.05—lower scores better). Scoring of the prosthesis’ deposit build-up showed a significant difference at 1 month, but this was not sustained at 12 months.

Conclusions:
Creating an optical quality finish to an ocular prosthesis reduces deposit build up on artificial eyes. The authors found this modification improved patient tolerance at 12 months.
Development and Function of Immune Cells in an Adolescent Patient With a Deficiency in the Interleukin‐10 Receptor
Authors: Veenbergen Sharon , van Leeuwen Marieke A. , Driessen Gertjan J. , Kersseboom Rogier , de Ruiter Lilian F. , Raatgeep Rolien (H.)C. , Lindenbergh‐Kortleve Dicky J. , Simons‐Oosterhuis Ytje , Biermann Katharina , Halley Dicky J.J. , de Ridder Lissy , Escher Johanna C. , Samsom Janneke N. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:Monogenic defects in the interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) pathway are extremely rare and cause infantile‐onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)‐like pathology. Understanding how immune responses are dysregulated in monogenic IBD‐like diseases can provide valuable insight in “classical” IBD pathogenesis. Here, we studied long‐term immune cell development and function in an adolescent IL‐10 receptor (IL10RA)‐deficient patient who presented in infancy with severe colitis and fistulizing perianal disease and is currently treated with immune suppressants.Methods:Biomaterial was collected from the IL10RA‐deficient patient, pediatric patients with IBD, and healthy controls. The frequency and phenotype of immune cells were determined in peripheral blood and intestinal biopsies by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Functional changes in monocyte‐derived dendritic cells and T cells were assessed by in vitro activation assays.Results:The IL10RA‐deficient immune system developed normally with respect to numbers and phenotype of circulating immune cells. Despite normal co‐stimulatory molecule expression, bacterial lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated monocyte‐derived dendritic cells from the IL10RA‐deficient patient released increased amounts of tumor necrosis factor α compared to healthy controls. Upon T‐cell receptor ligation, IL10RA‐deficient peripheral blood mononuclear cells released increased amounts of T‐cell cytokines interferon γ and IL‐17 agreeing with high numbers of T‐bet+ and IL‐17+ cells in intestinal biopsies taken at disease onset. In vitro, the immunosuppressive drug thalidomide used to treat the patient's decreased peripheral blood mononuclear cell‐derived tumor necrosis factor production.Conclusions:With time and during immunosuppressive treatment the IL10RA‐deficient immune system develops relatively normally. Upon activation, IL‐10 is crucial for controlling excessive inflammatory cytokine release by dendritic cells and preventing interferon γ and IL‐17‐mediated T‐cell responses.