bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stronger social bonds do not always predict greater longevity in a gregarious primate
Authors: Thompson Nicole A. , Cords Marina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn group‐living species, individuals often have preferred affiliative social partners, with whom ties or bonds can confer advantages that correspond with greater fitness. For example, in adult female baboons and juvenile horses, individuals with stronger or more social ties experience greater survival. We used detailed behavioral and life history records to explore the relationship between tie quality and survival in a gregarious monkey (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni), while controlling for dominance rank, group size, and life history strategy. We used Cox proportional hazards regressions to model the cumulative (multi‐year) and current (single‐year) relationships of social ties and the hazard of mortality in 83 wild adult females of known age, observed 2–8 years each (437 subject‐years) in eight social groups. The strength of bonds with close partners was associated with increased mortality risk under certain conditions: Females that had strong bonds with close partners that were inconsistent over multiple years had a higher risk of mortality than females adopting any other social strategy. Within a given year, females had a higher risk of death if they were strongly bonded with partners that changed from the previous year versus with partners that remained consistent. Dominance rank, number of adult female groupmates, and age at first reproduction did not predict the risk of death. This study demonstrates that costs and benefits of strong social bonds can be context‐dependent, relating to the consistency of social partners over time.
Cell Death Induced by Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields and its Dependence on Pulse Duration
Authors: ADACHI RYUYA , HATAYAMA SHOTA , OHNISHI NOBUAKI , KATSUKI SUNAO , WADA TOSHIAKI , ABE KEISUKE 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYWe discuss the death process of human cervical cancer cells HeLa S3 induced by two types of nonthermal intense electrical pulses of different durations and amplitudes, 120 ns‐long, 12.5 kV/cm and 5 ns‐long, 250 kV/cm. WST‐8 Caspase 3, ASK1 and BAX, were analyzed by using the antibody assay and flow cytometry. Apoptosis activity was evaluated by means of the TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. Also, Ca2+ dependence of the death process and the protein expression were explored by using the metal ion chelating agent, EDTA. Our experiments demonstrated that 5 ns and 120 ns pulses give quite different biological stresses leading to the different death process and the protein expressions. The cell death induced by 120 ns pulses are dependent on the presence of Ca2+ and accompanied by expression of proteins associated with apoptosis and stress response. Conversely, the protein expression induced by 5 ns pulses was independent of the presence of Ca2+, whereas the death was dependent on Ca2+.
Prognostic value of psychosocial factors for first and recurrent hospitalizations and mortality in heart failure patients: insights from the OPERA‐HF study
Authors: Sokoreli Ioanna , Pauws Steffen C. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , de Vries Gert‐Jan , Riistama Jarno M. , Tesanovic Aleksandra , Kazmi Syed , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Cleland John G. , Clark Andrew L. 
Published: January 2018

AimsPsychosocial factors are rarely collected in studies investigating the prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF), and only time to first event is commonly reported. We investigated the prognostic value of psychosocial factors for predicting first or recurrent events after discharge following hospitalization for HF.Methods and resultsOPERA‐HF is an observational study enrolling patients hospitalized for HF. In addition to clinical variables, psychosocial variables are recorded. Patients provide the information through questionnaires that include social information, depression and anxiety scores, and cognitive function. Kaplan–Meier, Cox regression and the Andersen–Gill model were used to identify predictors of first and recurrent events (readmissions or death). Of 671 patients (age 76 ± 15 years, 66% men) with 1‐year follow‐up, 291 had no subsequent event, 34 died without being readmitted, 346 had one or more unplanned readmissions, and 71 patients died after a first readmission. Increasing age, higher urea and creatinine, and the presence of co‐morbidities (diabetes, history of myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) were all associated with increasing risk of first or recurrent events. Psychosocial variables independently associated with both the first and recurrent events were: presence of frailty, moderate‐to‐severe depression, and moderate‐to‐severe anxiety. Living alone and the presence of cognitive impairment were independently associated only with an increasing risk of recurrent events.ConclusionPsychosocial factors are strongly associated with unplanned recurrent readmissions or mortality following an admission to hospital for HF. Further research is needed to show whether recognition of these factors and support tailored to individual patients' needs will improve outcomes.
AlGaAs/Si dual‐junction tandem solar cells by epitaxial lift‐off and print‐transfer‐assisted direct bonding
Authors: Xiong Kanglin , Mi Hongyi , Chang Tzu‐Hsuan , Liu Dong , Xia Zhenyang , Wu Meng‐Yin , Yin Xin , Gong Shaoqin , Zhou Weidong , Shin Jae Cheol , Li Xiuling , Arnold Michael , Wang Xudong , Yuan Hao‐Chih , Ma Zhenqiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA novel method is developed to realize a III‐V/Si dual‐junction photovoltaic cell by combining epitaxial lift‐off (ELO) and print‐transfer‐assisted bonding methods. The adoption of ELO enables III‐V wafers to be recycled and reused, which can further lower the cost of III‐V/Si photovoltaic panels. For demonstration, high crystal quality, micrometer‐thick, GaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs films are lifted off, transferred, and directly bonded onto Si wafer without the use of any adhesive or bonding agents. The bonding interface is optically transparent and conductive both thermally and electrically. Prototype AlGaAs/Si dual‐junction tandem solar cells have been fabricated and exhibit decent performance.
Analysis of CO2 storage mechanisms at a CO2‐EOR site, Cranfield, Mississippi
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Abolfazl , Alfi Masoud , Nicot Jean‐Philippe , Nuñez‐Lopez Vanessa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCarbon dioxide injected for enhanced oil recovery will partition into several phases in the target geological formation. The distribution into free or residually trapped oil, gas, and brine phases depends on many factors such as reservoir temperature and pressure, initial fluid saturations, brine salinity, and relative permeability parameters, and evolves through time including in the post‐injection period, during which it will tend to stabilize. Our numerical simulations, based on Cranfield, MS CO2‐EOR project data, demonstrate that these variations are significant and mostly dependent on the operator's selected field‐development strategy: continuous gas (CO2) injection, water alternating gas (WAG) injection, water curtain injection, or combinations thereof. In summary, our work shows that the field development strategy selected by the operator has a major impact on the relative importance of the different trapping mechanisms and that WAG seems to be a promising operational approach to balance both CO2 storage and oil production. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Goal‐orientated cognitive rehabilitation for dementias associated with Parkinson's disease―A pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hindle John V. , Watermeyer Tamlyn J. , Roberts Julie , Brand Andrew , Hoare Zoe , Martyr Anthony , Clare Linda 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the appropriateness and feasibility of cognitive rehabilitation for people with dementias associated with Parkinson's in a pilot randomised controlled study.MethodsThis was a single‐blind pilot randomised controlled trial of goal‐oriented cognitive rehabilitation for dementias associated with Parkinson's. After goal setting, participants were randomised to cognitive rehabilitation (n = 10), relaxation therapy (n = 10), or treatment‐as‐usual (n = 9). Primary outcomes were ratings of goal attainment and satisfaction with goal attainment. Secondary outcomes included quality of life, mood, cognition, health status, everyday functioning, and carers' ratings of goal attainment and their own quality of life and stress levels. Assessments were at 2 and 6 months following randomisation.ResultsAt 2 months, cognitive rehabilitation was superior to treatment‐as‐usual and relaxation therapy for the primary outcomes of self‐rated goal attainment (d = 1.63 and d = 1.82, respectively) and self‐rated satisfaction with goal attainment (d = 2.04 and d = 1.84). At 6 months, cognitive rehabilitation remained superior to treatment‐as‐usual (d = 1.36) and relaxation therapy (d = 1.77) for self‐rated goal attainment.Cognitive rehabilitation was superior to treatment as usual and/or relaxation therapy in a number of secondary outcomes at 2 months (mood, self‐efficacy, social domain of quality of life, carers' ratings of participants' goal attainment) and at 6 months (delayed recall, health status, quality of life, carer ratings of participants' goal attainment). Carers receiving cognitive rehabilitation reported better quality of life, health status, and lower stress than those allocated to treatment‐as‐usual.ConclusionsCognitive rehabilitation is feasible and potentially effective for dementias associated with Parkinson's disease.
Motivation but not valence modulates neuroticism‐dependent cingulate cortex and insula activity
Authors: Deng Yaling , Li Shijia , Zhou Renlai , Walter Martin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNeuroticism has been found to specifically modulate amygdala activations during differential processing of valence and motivation while other brain networks yet are unexplored for associated effects. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether neural mechanisms processing valence or motivation are prone to neuroticism in the salience network (SN), a network that is anchored in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the anterior insula. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and an approach/avoid emotional pictures task to investigate brain activations modulated by pictures’ valence or motivational status between high and low neurotic individuals. We found that neuroticism‐dependent SN and the parahippocampal‐fusiform area activations were modulated by motivation but not valence. Valence in contrast interacted with neuroticism in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. We suggested that neuroticism modulated valence and motivation processing, however, under the influence of the two distinct networks. Neuroticism modulated the motivation through the SN while it modulated the valence through the orbitofrontal networks.
Ellagic acid mitigates arsenic‐trioxide‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity in SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Firdaus Fakiha , Zafeer Mohd. Faraz , Waseem Mohammad , Anis Ehraz , Hossain M. Mobarak , Afzal Mohammad 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn the current study, neuroprotective significance of ellagic acid (EA, a polyohenol) was explored by primarily studying its antioxidant and antiapoptotic potential against arsenic trioxide (As2O3)‐induced toxicity in SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell lines. The mitigatory effects of EA with particular reference to cell viability and cytotoxicity, the generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dynamics were studied. Pretreatment of SH‐SY5Y cells with EA (10 and 20 μM) for 60 min followed by exposure to 2 μM As2O3 protected the SH‐SY5Y cells against the harmful effects of the second. Also, EA pre‐treated groups expressed improved viability, repaired DNA, reduced free radical generation, and maintained altered mitochondrial membrane potential than those exposed to As2O3 alone. EA supplementation also inhibited As2O3‐induced cytochrome c expression that is an important hallmark for determining mitochondrial dynamics. Thus, the current investigations are more convinced for EA as a promising candidate in modulating As2O3‐induced mitochondria‐mediated neuronal toxicity under in vitro system.
Two novel CPS1 mutations in a case of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency causing hyperammonemia and leukodystrophy
Authors: Chen Xihui , Yuan Lijuan , Sun Mao , Liu Qingbo , Wu Yuanming 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundCarbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency (CPS1D) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle, mostly characterized by hyperammonemia and the concomitant leukodystrophy. The onset of CPS1D can be at any age, and the clinical manifestations are variable and atypical. Genetic tests are indispensable for accurate diagnosis of CPS1D on the basis of biochemical tests.MethodsBlood tandem mass spectrometric analysis and urea organic acidemia screening were performed on a Chinese neonatal patient with low activity, recurrent seizures, and hyperammonemia. Next‐generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were followed up for making a definite diagnosis. Bioinformatics tools were used for the conservation analysis and pathogenicity predictions of the identified mutations.ResultsIncreased lactate in urea and decreased citrulline in blood were detected in the patient. Two novel mutations (c.173G>T, p.G58V in exon 2 and c.796G>A, p.G266R in exon 8) in CPS1 identified in the neonatal patient were found through coseparation verification. Both of the two mutations were predicted to be deleterious, and the two relevant amino acids exerted highly evolutionarily conserved. The final diagnosis of the patient was compound heterozygous CPS1D.ConclusionThis study described the specific clinical characteristics and the variations of physiological and biochemical indices in a Chinese neonatal patient with CPS1D, which facilitated the diagnosis and mechanism research of the disease. Two novel causative missense mutations were identified, which enriched the mutation spectrum of CPS1D in China and worldwide. Advice of prenatal diagnosis was given to the family for a new pregnancy.
Ultrasonographic assessment of the internal jugular vein for the estimation of central venous pressure in hemodialysis patients: A preliminary study
Authors: Kerleroux Basile , Pasco Jeremy , Dupuis Mathieu , Eustache Marine , Lemrabott Ahmed , Jouzel Charlotte , Albert Catherine , Janot Kevin , Morel Baptiste , Pruna André 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate a new noninvasive method to assess central venous pressure (CVP) in hemodialysis patients, based on the ultrasonographic measurement of the collapsing point of the internal jugular vein (CVPni).Materials and methodsIn this preliminary, noninterventional, single center study, we enrolled 22 dialyzed patients with an indwelling jugular catheter. CVPni was compared to the gold‐standard invasive measurement of CVP using the central venous catheter (CVPi). Agreement between CVPi and CVPni was assessed by Bland and Altman Method. Correlation was assessed by linear regression.ResultsA strong correlation was observed between CVPi and CVPni (OR = 3.47 [2.96; 4.07], P < .0001). For overloaded patients, the area under the curve for the operating characteristic curve was 0.971 (IC95: 0.915; 1.000). For under‐loaded patients, area under the curve was 0.971 (IC95: 0.917; 1.000). The mean bias between intra‐individual CVPi and CVPni measures was 0.57 cm H2O (SD: 3.1 cm H2O).ConclusionCVPni appears as a noninvasive and reliable technique. Further studies are required to confirm these results and to assess the direct clinical impact of this new method.
Correlates of melanization in multiple high‐ and low‐elevation populations of the lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis: Behavior, hormones, and parasites
Authors: Seddon Ryan J. , Hews Diana K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHormones mediate the expression of suites of correlated traits and hence may act either to facilitate or constrain adaptive evolution. Selection on one trait within a hormone‐mediated suite of traits may lead to a change in the strength of the hormone signal, causing changes in correlated traits. Growing evidence suggests that melanization, which is in part regulated by hormonal signals, is tightly linked to other traits, such as aggression and stress physiology. Here, we examine six populations of Sceloporus occidentalis lizards differing in degree of melanization (three dark higher‐elevation populations and three less‐melanized lower‐elevation populations) to investigate potential correlations between behavior, hormones, and parasites. We measured aggression by recording behavioral responses of males to staged territorial intrusions; behavior was summarized by two principal components. Analysis revealed that males in the three darker populations signaled aggression less often and made more physical contact than males in the lighter populations. Analyses of plasma steroid hormones (corticosterone and testosterone) revealed significant population differences, but counter to expectation higher aggression was associated with lower testosterone compared across populations. Finally, the three darker populations had higher mean mite loads than the three lighter populations. Overall, this array of phenotypic correlations does not parallel patterns of within‐population differences in melanization found in other vertebrates, suggesting that hormonal correlations do not constrain phenotype variation across populations in this species. Given this contradiction between population‐ and individual‐level variation, we urge more study at both levels of variation in traits potentially associated with melanization in other vertebrates.
North Atlantic circulation indices: links with summer and winter UK temperature and precipitation and implications for seasonal forecasting
Authors: Hall Richard J. , Hanna Edward 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTUK seasonal mean temperature and precipitation conditions are extremely variable from one year to the next but in the last decade have featured several cool, wet summers and mild, wet winters interspersed with some notable cold winter episodes. Jet stream variability is a major determinant of these fluctuations and is often represented by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. Recent work has shown some evidence of promising predictability in the winter NAO from 1 to 2 months ahead, while summer predictability remains very limited. Although the phase and magnitude of the NAO influences total UK rainfall, there are regional variations which it does not explain. Here we examine the relationship between UK regional summer and winter precipitation and temperature and a range of North Atlantic atmospheric circulation indices. While the NAO shows a significant relationship with temperature in both seasons and summer rainfall over most of the UK, the picture in winter is more complicated, with other circulation indices such as the East Atlantic pattern explaining rainfall anomalies in southern England. Other indices also show significant relationships with precipitation in regions where the NAO does not. Because UK weather is determined by the interplay between different circulation indices, attention should be given to developing seasonal forecasts of other circulation indices to complement the NAO forecasts. We also find that some potential drivers of jet stream variability are significantly associated with UK temperature and rainfall variability, particularly in summer. This provides further scope for producing seasonal forecasts based directly on these drivers. Improved seasonal forecasts will be useful to a range of end users in agriculture, energy supply, transport and insurance industries and can be extended to other UK weather variables such as extreme rainfall events and storm frequency, and related metrics such as wind power capacity and solar energy.
Quantitative evaluation of retrieved reverse total shoulder arthroplasty liner surface deviation and volumetric wear
Authors: Kurdziel Michael D. , Newton Michael D. , Hartner Samantha , Baker Kevin C. , Wiater Jerome Michael 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTPolyethylene wear is a known complication in total joint arthroplasty, however, in vivo wear rates in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) remain largely unknown. This study aimed to quantify volumetric and surface deviation changes in retrieved RTSA humeral liners using a novel micro‐computed tomography (μCT)‐based technique. After IRB‐approval, 32 humeral liners (single manufacturer and model) with term‐of‐service greater than 90 days were analyzed. Clinical demographics and surgical data were collected via chart review. Unworn liners were used as geometric controls. Retrieved and unworn liners underwent μCT scanning. Retrieved liner volumes were isolated, co‐registered to controls of matching geometry, and surface deviations of the articulation surface and rim were computed. Differences in total volume loss (TVL), volumetric wear rate (VWR), and surface deviation were reported. Semi‐quantitative grading evaluated rim damage presence and severity. Mean term‐of‐service for all liners was 2.07 ± 1.33 years (range: 0.30–4.73). Mean TVL and VWR were 181.3 ± 208.2 mm3 and 114.5 ± 160.3 mm3/year, respectively. Mean articulation and rim surface deviations were 0.084 ± 0.065 and 0.177 ± 0.159 mm, respectively. Articulation surface deviation was positively correlated to term‐of‐service. Rim damage was present on 63% of liners and correlated significantly to rim surface deviation. This study reports in vivo wear rates of retrieved RTSA implants. Our results demonstrate volumetric and articulation surface wear in select RTSA liners that is correlated to term‐of‐service. Calculation of in vivo wear rates can help bridge the gap between clinical outcomes and experimental models such as wear simulations and computational models. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2007–2014, 2018.
Sensory quality of milk fat with low cholesterol content fractioned by molecular distillation
Authors: Berti Julia , Grosso Nelson R , Fernandez Héctor , Pramparo María C , Gayol María F 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnhydrous milk fat (AMF) is a valuable ingredient in several industries, but its cholesterol content is a disadvantage because it is associated with several diseases. The objective of this study was to remove the largest possible amount of cholesterol from AMF by molecular distillation and to analyze the sensory properties of the obtained product. AMF was subjected to various molecular distillation arrangements.RESULTSThe first set of experiments involved molecular distillations performed over a range of evaporation temperatures. Then, according to the outcome of the first set of experiments, a second set of experiments was carried out in order to study the effect of the feeding flow rate. Finally, the number of distillation stages was modified.CONCLUSIONThe best results were obtained in a three‐stage arrangement, in which ∼60% of cholesterol was removed with a 30.48% distillate yield. The sensory properties of this distillation cut were also the most similar to those of the untreated milk fat. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry