bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of intimate partner violence during pregnancy and selected birth outcomes
Authors: Hill Amber , Pallitto Christina , McCleary‐Sills Jennifer , Garcia‐Moreno Claudia 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) has a detrimental impact on the lives of women worldwide. Several studies have examined the effect IPV has on adverse birth outcomes when it occurs during pregnancy.ObjectivesTo explore the association between IPV and selected adverse birth outcomes.Search strategyMultiple databases were searched to identify studies investigating the association between IPV and low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, and/or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).Selection criteriaIncluded studies defined the perpetrator of violence as an intimate partner, the type of violence as physical and/or sexual, and the study outcomes as LBW, preterm birth, or IUGR, with violence preceding delivery.Data collection and analysisRandom‐effects meta‐analysis was used to calculate adjusted/unadjusted odds ratios (ORs). Subanalyses explored the effect of emotional/psychological violence on birth outcomes.Main resultsNineteen studies met the inclusion criteria (15 LBW, 12 preterm birth, 4 IUGR). IPV was associated with LBW (OR 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.31; I2 = 0.70, P < 0.001) and preterm birth (OR 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.21–1.63; I2 = 0.20, P < 0.001). No statistically significant association was found for IUGR.ConclusionsThere are associations between IPV and LBW and preterm birth that could be causal.
When are natural and urban environments restorative? The impact of environmental compatibility on self‐control restoration
Authors: Newman Kevin P. , Brucks Merrie 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis research investigates the role of environmental cues found in consumer contexts on the restoration of self‐control resources. In doing so, we challenge the often‐repeated claim that natural environments benefit consumer well‐being more than urban environments by focusing on environmental compatibility: the match between environmental characteristics and an individuals' motivational orientation. Across three studies, we find that individuals high in neuroticism experience greater self‐control restoration when exposed to environmental cues associated with more anxiety while the reverse is true for individual who are low in neuroticism. Importantly, these results occur regardless of whether the environmental cues are inherent in urban consumer contexts, like a bookstore, or natural consumer contexts, like a safari vacation experience. We find preliminary process evidence that consumers low in neuroticism require fewer attentional resources when processing environmentally compatible cues, leading to self‐control restoration.
Impact of remaining kidney volume to body weight ratio on renal function in living kidney donors
Authors: Song Turun , Rao Zhengsheng , Qiu Yang , Liu Jinpeng , Huang Zhongli , Wang Xianding , Lin Tao 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTo investigate whether the ratio of remnant kidney volume to body weight (V/W ratio) can impact renal function in donors, 45 living kidney donors were enrolled. Kidney volume was analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging. Renal function was compared between donors with a V/W ratio of < 2.0 mL/kg (n = 23) or ≥ 2.0 mL/kg (n = 22). Donors in both V/W groups showed similar serum creatinine levels and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) at 7 days and 1 year, whereas donors with a V/W ratio of < 2.0 mL/kg had significantly higher 24‐hour urine protein levels at 1 year (0.54 ± 0.23 g/d vs. 0.33 ± 0.19 g/d, p = 0.028). Multivariate analysis revealed no correlation between the V/W ratio and eGFR at 7 days or 1 year, and a V/W ratio of < 2 mL/kg was not associated with an increased incidence of eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 1 year (risk ratio 1.73, 95% confidence interval 0.10–29.47). The V/W ratio correlated inversely with 24‐hour urine protein (r = −0.377, p = 0.021) at 1 year, and donors with a V/W ratio of < 2.0 mL/kg were more likely to show 24‐hour urine protein >300 mg (risk ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval 1.08–2.67) at 1 year. Donors with lower V/W ratios have higher 24‐hour urinary protein levels at 1 year after transplantation. These findings suggest that the V/W ratio may be useful for kidney selection.
The Anti‐Doping Movement
Authors: Willick Stuart E. , Miller Geoffrey D. , Eichner Daniel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHistorical reports of doping in sports date as far back as the ancient Greek Olympic Games. The anti‐doping community considers doping in sports to be cheating and a violation of the spirit of sport. During the past century, there has been an increasing awareness of the extent of doping in sports and the health risks of doping. In response, the anti‐doping movement has endeavored to educate athletes and others about the health risks of doping and promote a level playing field. Doping control is now undertaken in most countries around the world and at most elite sports competitions. As athletes have found new ways to dope, however, the anti‐doping community has endeavored to strengthen its educational and deterrence efforts. It is incumbent upon sports medicine professionals to understand the health risks of doping and all doping control processes.
Rehabilitation of the Overhead Throwing Athlete: There Is More to It Than Just External Rotation/Internal Rotation Strengthening
Authors: Wilk Kevin E. , Arrigo Christopher A. , Hooks Todd R. , Andrews James R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe repetitive nature of throwing manifests characteristic adaptive changes to the shoulder, scapulothoracic, and hip/pelvis complexes that result in a set of unique physical traits in the overhead throwing athlete. An effective rehabilitation program is dependent upon an accurate evaluation and differential diagnosis to determine the causative factors for the athlete's pathologic features. The treatment program should be individualized with specific strengthening and flexibility exercises to achieve the dynamic stability that is required for overhead function. In this article we describe the characteristics of the throwing shoulder, along with a multiphased rehabilitation program that allows for the restoration of strength, mobility, endurance, and power and is aimed toward a return to unrestricted sporting activity. We also describe exercises that link the upper and lower extremities because of the importance of core control and leg strength in the development of power during the act of throwing. Additionally, proper throwing mechanics, utilization of pitch counts, appropriate rest, and proper off‐season conditioning will help decrease overall injury risk in the overhead throwing athlete.
Is There a Role for Limited Echocardiography During the Preparticipation Physical Examination?
Authors: Kerkhof Deanna L. , Gleason Courtney N. , Basilico Frederick C. , Corrado Gianmichel D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of death during exercise for athletes younger than 35 years. Structural cardiac abnormalities are responsible for the majority of SCDs among competitive athletes. The screening protocol that is best for detecting athletes at risk for SCD has been the subject of considerable and long‐standing debate. The American Heart Association recommends the use of a 14‐element history and physical examination (H&P), whereas European standards call for a focused H&P and 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG). The use of ECG screening has been repeatedly rejected in the United States because of the high rate of false‐positive results and an abundance of evidence suggesting that it is a cost‐ineffective tool for screening. Attempts have also been made to prescreen athletes for cardiac disease with echocardiography (ECHO) performed by a cardiologist; however, this technique also proved to be cost‐ineffective. The use of ECHO performed by a frontline physician reflects recent advancements in ultrasound technology utilization, including the advent of portable ultrasound, and introduces a new, promising screening method to the debate. Portable ECHO by a frontline physician (PEFP) has the ability to directly visualize structural components of the heart that are part of the gold standard ECHO evaluation performed by a cardiologist. The Early Screening for Cardiac Abnormalities with Preparticipation Echocardiography (ESCAPE) protocol developed at Northeastern University is the first attempt to implement the PEFP. Initial inquiries into the reliability and feasibility of the PEFP are promising. Measurements obtained by frontline physicians were not statistically different from those obtained by a cardiologist, focused ECHO was found to reduce the referral rate to cardiology by 33%, and PEFP was completed significantly faster than H&P and an ECG. Early results are encouraging, but continued research to support the widespread use of PEFP for preparticipation examination in all competitive athletes is needed prior to recommending implementation.
Electromyographic Activity of Shoulder Girdle Muscles in Patients With Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Rotator Cuff Tears: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Spall Peter , Ribeiro Daniel Cury , Sole Gisela 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo compare electromyographic activity in patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tears with healthy controls or to those with asymptomatic cuff tears.TypeSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Literature SurveyPubMed, Scopus, Ovid Medline, and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 1, 2014, and a search update was performed on June 8, 2015.MethodologyCase‐control studies or intervention studies that had baseline comparisons for symptomatic versus healthy shoulders or those with asymptomatic rotator cuff tear were searched. Methodological quality was assessed with a modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme score and meta‐analyses were performed when 2 or more studies explored the same outcome measures.SynthesisNine studies were included, with the quality ranging from 1 to 3 (maximum 6). Electromyographic outcomes included amplitudes and ratios thereof, activity duration, and median frequency of shoulder girdle muscles during isometric contractions (4 studies) and functional tasks (5 studies). Longer activity duration was found for upper trapezius during glenohumeral movements, and greater fatigability of anterior and middle deltoids during isometric hand gripping for patients with rotator cuff tears compared to controls. The meta‐analysis (3 studies) showed that patients with rotator cuff tears had lower activation ratios for latissimus dorsi during isometric abduction contraction compared to controls (P < .001), indicating greater co‐contraction of adductors for the injured shoulders.ConclusionsAlthough various electromyographic domains were explored, these were generally limited to one publication or research group. Current evidence for muscle activity differences between the rotator cuff tear group and controls is thus limited.
La formación de médicos y especialistas: ¿Ya no los hacen como antes?
Authors: Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor 
Published: March 2016

La responsabilidad de un profesional de la salud ante los pacientes es de gran magnitud, y a que si se toman decisiones diagnósticas y terapéuticas inapropiadas las consecuencias pueden ser catastróficas. Durante nuestro entrenamiento se nos dice continuamente que «tenemos la vida de los pacientes en nuestras manos», y con frecuencia inusitada recibimos vehementes reprimendas por cualquier error real o percibido, que generan una actitud de ansiedad y temor.
Air temperature distribution and energy-balance modelling of a debris-covered glacier
Authors: SHAW THOMAS E. , BROCK BEN W. , FYFFE CATRIONA L. , PELLICCIOTTI FRANCESCA , RUTTER NICK , DIOTRI FABRIZIO 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTNear-surface air temperature is an important determinant of the surface energy balance of glaciers and is often represented by a constant linear temperature gradients (TGs) in models. Spatio-temporal variability in 2 m air temperature was measured across the debris-covered Miage Glacier, Italy, over an 89 d period during the 2014 ablation season using a network of 19 stations. Air temperature was found to be strongly dependent upon elevation for most stations, even under varying meteorological conditions and at different times of day, and its spatial variability was well explained by a locally derived mean linear TG (MG–TG) of −0.0088°C m−1. However, local temperature depressions occurred over areas of very thin or patchy debris cover. The MG–TG, together with other air TGs, extrapolated from both on- and off-glacier sites, were applied in a distributed energy-balance model. Compared with piecewise air temperature extrapolation from all on-glacier stations, modelled ablation, using the MG–TG, increased by &lt;1%, increasing to &gt;4% using the environmental ‘lapse rate’. Ice melt under thick debris was relatively insensitive to air temperature, while the effects of different temperature extrapolation methods were strongest at high elevation sites of thin and patchy debris cover.
‘I Think the Carer-Partner Dichotomy is Always Interesting’: Tensions in Health Professionals’ Engagement with Spousal Care givers of People with Parkinson's
Authors: Bolland Meredith , Guilfoyle Andrew , Bucks Romola S. 
Published: March 2016

Background:The spousal care givers of people with Parkinson's (PwP) have unique, first-hand information that is invaluable in the effective management of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is a dearth of research that specifically focuses on health professionals’ experiences of engagement with the spousal care givers of PwP.Methods:Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to describe and identify the meaning that health professionals working with PD (HPPs) gave to their engagement experiences with spousal care givers of PwP. Semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 12 HPPs were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed for emerging themes.Results:Two major themes emerged from the interviews with HPPs: (i) the Philosophy of Care (PoC) is an Intrinsic Element in the Engagement Experience; and (ii) HPPs Expressed a Deep Appreciation of Partners’ Support of the PwP. HPPs experienced significant tensions and challenges in their engagements with the partners of PwP, as a result of the interaction between their lived reality and their PoC. They also appreciated greatly the caregiving provided by the partners. The insights gained have the potential to ease or resolve problematic tensions within the engagement process.
Smuggling Silks into Eighteenth-Century Britain: Geography, Perpetrators, and Consumers
Authors: Farrell William 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAs part of protectionist policy in eighteenth-century Britain, imported silks were banned from being sold. Although it is known that bans on imported textiles were widely broken, there have been few systematic studies of the contraband trade in silks. Using customs' records, this article shows how smuggling supplied the demand for imported consumer goods. The illegal trade in silk was diverse, bringing in a variety of products from Asia and Europe. The evidence supports a market segmentation analysis of the different products and their consumers. The trade with Asia supplied “populuxe goods” in the form of handkerchiefs that appealed to a broad, middling customer base. These were brought into the country by the East India Company's trading network. By contrast, continental Europe provided contraband for the high-fashion market. These silks were distributed in more informal and personal ways—travelers and diplomats being the main offenders. The official response to these black markets differed, with silks from Europe posing particular problems for enforcement. Finally, this article provides a reassessment of the transnational influences—specifically the relative importance of Asia and Europe—on production and consumption of consumer goods in Britain.
Deciding to Defer: The Importance of Fairness in Resolving Transnational Jurisdictional Conflicts
Authors: Efrat Asif , Newman Abraham L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe cross-border movement of people, goods, and information frequently results in legal disputes that come under the jurisdiction of multiple states. The principle of deference—acceptance of another state's exercise of legal authority—is one mechanism to manage such jurisdictional conflicts. Despite the importance of deference in international law and cooperation, little is known about the causes of variation in its use. In this article, we develop a theory of deference that focuses on the role that domestic institutions and norms play in ensuring procedural and substantive fairness. We test this theory in an original data set concerning accession practices in the Hague Convention on International Child Abduction. Our findings offer considerable support for the idea that states evaluate partners on the likelihood that they can offer a fair legal process. Exploring empirically the efforts against parental child abduction, we offer a nuanced account of the link between domestic institutions and norms and international cooperation. This account suggests that greater attention should be paid to the use of deference as a mechanism to manage the conflicts posed by globalization.
Transtympanic balloon dilatation of the eustachian tube: systematic review
Authors: Jufas N , Patel N 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective:To investigate the evidence for balloon dilatation of the eustachian tube using a transtympanic approach.Methods:A systematic search of several databases was conducted (using the search terms ‘dilation’ or ‘dilatation’, and ‘balloon’ and ‘eustachian tube’). Only studies that used a transtympanic approach for the procedure were included. These studies were then assessed for risk of bias.Results:Three studies were included. Each of these studies was a limited case series, with two performed on human subjects and one on human cadavers. Results of safety and efficacy are conflicting. There is a high risk of bias overall.Conclusion:At present, there is a very narrow evidence base for transtympanic balloon dilatation of the eustachian tube. There are a number of advantages and disadvantages of the technique. Previously identified and theoretical safety concerns will need to be addressed thoroughly in future studies prior to wider clinical use.
Does father–child conflict mediate the association between fathers’ postnatal depressive symptoms and children's adjustment problems at 7 years old?
Authors: Nath S. , Russell G. , Kuyken W. , Psychogiou L. , Ford T. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundPaternal depressive symptoms are associated with children's emotional and behavioural problems, which may be mediated by negative parenting. But there is no research on the influence of paternal depressive symptoms on children's emotion regulation and limited literature investigating fathers’ parenting as a mediator in the pathway between paternal depressive symptoms and children's externalizing and internalizing problems. We aimed to investigate the mediating role of father–child conflict (at 3 years) in the association between postnatal paternal depressive symptoms (at 9 months) and children's emotional and behavioural problems (at 7 years) (aim 1). We also examined whether mediation pathways were more pronounced for boys or for girls (aim 2).MethodSecondary data analysis was conducted on the Millennium Cohort Study, when children were 9 months, 3 years and 7 years old (n= 3520). Main study variables were measured by self-report questionnaires. Fathers completed the Rutter Scale (depressive symptoms) and the Parent–Child Relationship Questionnaire (father–child conflict), while mothers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Social Behaviour Questionnaire (child emotional and behavioural problems, emotion regulation). We used structural equation modelling to estimate direct, indirect and total effects of paternal depressive symptoms on child outcomes, mediated by father–child conflict whilst adjusting for relevant covariates (maternal depressive symptoms, child temperament, marital conflict, and socio-economic factors such as poverty indicator and fathers’ education level). Multi-group and interaction analysis was then conducted to determine the differential effect by gender of the association between paternal depressive symptoms on child outcomes via father–child conflict.ResultsFather–child conflict mediated the association between paternal depressive symptoms and emotion regulation problems [standardized indirect effect (SIE) 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.03 to −0.01,p< 0.001; standardized total effect (STE) 95% CI −0.05 to −0.01,p< 0.05] (aim 1). Father–child conflict mediated a larger proportion of the effect in boys (SIE 95% CI −0.03 to −0.01,p< 0.001; STE 95% CI −0.05 to 0.00,p= 0.063) than it did in girls (SIE 95% CI −0.02 to −0.01,p< 0.001; STE 95% CI −0.04 to 0.01,p= 0.216) (aim 2).ConclusionsFather–child conflict may mediate the association between postnatal paternal depressive symptoms and children's emotion regulation problems. Paternal depressive symptoms and father–child conflict resolution may be potential targets in preventative interventions.
How older adults would like falls prevention information delivered: fresh insights from a World Café forum
Authors: KHONG LINDA , BULSARA CAROLINE , HILL KEITH D. , HILL ANNE-MARIE 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTTranslation of falls prevention evidence into practice is problematic. Understanding older adults’ views about falls prevention information could enhance delivery of falls prevention, resulting in better engagement and uptake of recommended activities. The aim of this study was to examine the views and preferences of community-dwelling older adults about seeking and receiving falls prevention information. A community forum using a modified World Café approach was conducted. Participants discussed five topic areas in small groups, under the guidance of table facilitators. Perspectives were captured on paper. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify factors that influence participants’ engagement and uptake of information. Seventy-three older adults participated in the forum covering wide-ranging preferences around falls prevention information. Personal experience was considered the key influence on an older adult's decision to initiate seeking information. While health professionals were often approached, alternative sources such as public libraries, peer educators and seniors’ organisations were also favoured as credible sources of information. Older adults proposed falls prevention information should be delivered with a positive tone, coupled with highly valued qualities of respect, empathy and time to listen to foster motivation to engage in recommended activities. Consumer-focused practical strategies were proposed to potentially improve future design, communication and dissemination of falls prevention information. This improvement could enhance engagement of messages and subsequent uptake of falls prevention recommended strategies.