bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Christian nationalism and support for leaders violating democratic norms during national emergencies
Authors: Perry Samuel L. , Grubbs Joshua B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDuring national emergencies, democratically elected leaders have sought to expand executive power in ways that violate democratic norms, ostensibly to guide their nation through crisis. Drawing from research on democratic backsliding, we anticipate support for such executive privileges may stem from different ideological and contextual factors, but primarily from inclinations toward ethno-nationalistic and authoritarian populism. We propose American Christian nationalism represent such inclinations. Analyses of nationally representative data reveal Christian nationalism is the strongest predictor Americans believe unspecified “national emergencies” might require leaders to suspend elections, suppress political opponents, and disregard checks and balances. However, political disinterest, stronger Democratic partisanship, and being Black (vs. White) are also positively associated with support for violating democratic norms, and these associations are amplified by Christian nationalism. Ancillary analyses suggest the interactions with race and party may be contextual, due to a Democratic President in office at the time of the survey. Findings suggest populist impulses characteristic of Christian nationalism may combine with political disinterest (perhaps reflecting disillusionment) and threats to in-group power to increase support for leaders suspending democratic norms during national crises.
Paleomagnetism‐Based Chronology of Holocene Lava Flows at Mt Ruapehu, Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Doll Pedro , Turner Gillian M. , Kennedy Ben M. , Nichols Alexander R. L. , Greve Annika , Cole Jim W. , Eaves Shaun R. , Townsend Dougal B. , Leonard Graham S. , Conway Chris E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDating young lava flows is essential for understanding volcano's eruption frequency, yet challenging due to methodological limitations of commonly used dating techniques. Ruapehu (Aotearoa New Zealand) produced many lava flows during the Holocene, but constraints on the timing of these eruptions are scarce. Here, we use paleomagnetic dating to deliver new eruption ages of 18 lava flows with uncertainties ranging between 500 and 2,700 years (at the 95% confidence level). Comparison between lava flows' paleomagnetic directions and a local paleosecular variation record indicates that the large lava flow field located on the Whakapapa area was emplaced during at least three distinct eruptive episodes between 10600 and 7400 BP. Two of these episodes closely followed a large collapse event that affected Ruapehu's northern area and generated large volumes of lava between 10600 and 8800 BP, with the third episode producing less voluminous lava flows between 8100 and 7400 BP. Following a smaller collapse of the southeastern sector of the edifice at ca. 5300 BP, several low‐volume lava flows were emplaced during at least two distinct eruptive episodes prior to ca. 1000 BP, which supplied the Whangaehu valley with lava. The youngest age inferred from our data represents the youngest eruption age provided for a lava flow outside Ruapehu's summit region. This research provides greater detail to the Holocene effusive chronology at Ruapehu, shedding light on partial cone reconstructions after edifice collapses during the Holocene, and the time relationships between trends observed in its effusive and explosive activity.
Asymmetrical Solar Wind Deflection in the Martian Magnetosheath
Authors: Li Shibang , Lu Haoyu , Cao Jinbin , Wu Xiaoshu , Zhang Xiaoxin , Chen Nihan , Song Yihui , Wang Jianxuan , Cao Yuchen , Zhao Jianing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs incident solar wind encounters the martian upper atmosphere, it undergoes deflection particularly in the magnetosheath. However, the plasma flow exhibits asymmetrical distribution features within this transition region, which is investigated by employing a three‐dimensional Hall magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model from an energy transfer perspective in this study. Simulation results reveal that solar wind protons transfer momentum to ionospheric heavy ions through motional electric field in the hemisphere where the motional electric field points outward from the planet. In the opposite hemisphere, solar wind flow tends to be effectively accelerated by ambipolar and Hall electric fields. The distinct dynamics of solar wind protons in both hemispheres result in the asymmetrical deflection. Furthermore, the extent of asymmetry grows as the cross‐flow component of the upstream interplanetary magnetic field increases, but diminishes as the density of the solar wind proton increases, contingent upon the energy effectively acquired from ambipolar and Hall electric fields.
Impact of Paleogeography on the Stratospheric Polar Vortex in the Geological Past
Authors: Yang Pengkun , Xia Yan , Hu Yongyun , Bao Ming , Ren Xuejuan , Zhou Chen , Zhu Yimin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) significantly influences current weather and climate patterns. However, its state in the geological past remains largely unexplored. This study investigates SPV variations in the past 250 million years, using a fully coupled Earth System Model. It is found that midlatitude paleogeography primarily drove substantial SPV variations in the deep time, while changes in CO2 concentrations and solar insolation play a minor role. Both the Arctic and Antarctic SPV were strengthened when the supercontinent Pangea broke up. The increased asymmetry of midlatitude land‐sea contrast tended to weaken the upward propagation of wavenumber‐1 planetary waves, thereby strengthening the SPV. This SPV strengthening correlated with the decelerated stratospheric Brewer‐Dobson circulation and uplift of the polar tropopause. Our results highlight the crucial role of paleogeography in regulating SPV variations and stratosphere–troposphere coupling in deep‐time climate.
Memory engram stability and flexibility
Authors: Zaki Yosif , Cai Denise J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMany studies have shown that memories are encoded in sparse neural ensembles distributed across the brain. During the post-encoding period, often during sleep, many of the cells that were active during encoding are reactivated, supporting consolidation of this memory. During memory recall, many of the same cells that were active during encoding and reactivated during consolidation are reactivated during recall. These ensembles of cells have been referred to as the memory engram cells, stably representing a specific memory. However, recent studies question the rigidity of the “stable memory engram.” Here we review the past literature of how episodic-like memories are encoded, consolidated, and recalled. We also highlight more recent studies (as well as some older literature) that suggest that these stable memories and their representations are much more dynamic and flexible than previously thought. We highlight some of these processes, including memory updating, reconsolidation, forgetting, schema learning, memory-linking, and representational drift.
Testing of rapid evaporative mass spectrometry for histological tissue classification and molecular diagnostics in a multi-site study
Authors: Kaufmann Martin , Vaysse Pierre-Maxence , Savage Adele , Kooreman Loes F. S. , Janssen Natasja , Varma Sonal , Ren Kevin Yi Mi , Merchant Shaila , Engel Cecil Jay , Olde Damink Steven W. M. , Smidt Marjolein L. , Shousha Sami , Chauhan Hemali , Karali Evdoxia , Kazanc Emine , Poulogiannis George , Fichtinger Gabor , Tauber Boglárka , Leff Daniel R. , Pringle Steven D. , Rudan John F. , Heeren Ron M. A. , Porta Siegel Tiffany , Takáts Zoltán , Balog Júlia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
While REIMS technology has successfully been demonstrated for the histological identification of ex-vivo breast tumor tissues, questions regarding the robustness of the approach and the possibility of tumor molecular diagnostics still remain unanswered. In the current study, we set out to determine whether it is possible to acquire cross-comparable REIMS datasets at multiple sites for the identification of breast tumors and subtypes.

Methods
A consortium of four sites with three of them having access to fresh surgical tissue samples performed tissue analysis using identical REIMS setups and protocols. Overall, 21 breast cancer specimens containing pathology-validated tumor and adipose tissues were analyzed and results were compared using uni- and multivariate statistics on normal, WT and PIK3CA mutant ductal carcinomas.

Results
Statistical analysis of data from standards showed significant differences between sites and individual users. However, the multivariate classification models created from breast cancer data elicited 97.1% and 98.6% correct classification for leave-one-site-out and leave-one-patient-out cross validation. Molecular subtypes represented by PIK3CA mutation gave consistent results across sites.

Conclusions
The results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of creating and using global classification models for a REIMS-based margin assessment tool, supporting the clinical translatability of the approach.
N-acetylaspartate promotes glycolytic-to-oxidative fiber-type switch and resistance to atrophic stimuli in myotubes
Authors: Castelli Serena , Desideri Enrico , Laureti Leonardo , Felice Federica , De Cristofaro Angela , Scaricamazza Silvia , Lazzarino Giacomo , Ciriolo Maria Rosa , Ciccarone Fabio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractN-acetylaspartate (NAA) is a neuronal metabolite that can be extruded in extracellular fluids and whose blood concentration increases in several neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Aspartoacylase (ASPA) is the enzyme responsible for NAA breakdown. It is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle and most other human tissues, but the role of NAA catabolism in the periphery is largely neglected. Here we demonstrate that NAA treatment of differentiated C2C12 muscle cells increases lipid turnover, mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism at the expense of glycolysis. These effects were ascribed to NAA catabolism, as CRISPR/Cas9 ASPA KO cells are insensitive to NAA administration. Moreover, the metabolic switch induced by NAA was associated with an augmented resistance to atrophic stimuli. Consistently with in vitro results, SOD1-G93A ALS mice show an increase in ASPA levels in those muscles undergoing the glycolytic to oxidative switch during the disease course. The impact of NAA on the metabolism and resistance capability of myotubes supports a role for this metabolite in the phenotypical adaptations of skeletal muscle in neuromuscular disorders.
Identification of genes supporting cold resistance of mammalian cells: lessons from a hibernator
Authors: Sone Masamitsu , Mitsuhashi Nonoka , Sugiura Yuki , Matsuoka Yuta , Maeda Rae , Yamauchi Akari , Okahashi Ryoto , Yamashita Junpei , Sone Kanako , Enju Sachiyo , Anegawa Daisuke , Yamaguchi Yoshifumi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSusceptibility of human cells to cold stress restricts the use of therapeutic hypothermia and long-term preservation of organs at low temperatures. In contrast, cells of mammalian hibernators possess remarkable cold resistance, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. In this study, we conducted a gain-of-function screening of genes that confer cold resistance to cold-vulnerable human cells using a cDNA library constructed from the Syrian hamster, a mammalian hibernator, and identified Gpx4 as a potent suppressor of cold-induced cell death. Additionally, genetic deletion of or pharmacological inhibition of Gpx4 revealed that Gpx4 is necessary for suppressing lipid peroxidation specifically under cold in hamster cell lines. Genetic disruption of other ferroptosis-suppressing pathways, namely biopterin synthesis and mitochondrial or plasma membrane CoQ reduction pathways, also accelerated cold-induced cell death under Gpx4 dysfunction. Collectively, ferroptosis-suppressing pathways protect the cells of a mammalian hibernator from cold-induced cell death and the augmentation of these pathways renders cold resistance to cells of non-hibernators, including humans.
GPX4 restricts ferroptosis of NKp46+ILC3s to control intestinal inflammation
Authors: Li Xinyao , He Junyu , Gao Xiang , Zheng Guilang , Chen Chunling , Chen Yimin , Xing Zhe , Wang Tianci , Tang Jian , Guo Yuxiong , He Yumei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGroup 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are essential for both pathogen defense and tissue homeostasis in the intestine. Dysfunction of ILC3s could lead to increased susceptibility to intestinal inflammation. However, the precise mechanisms governing the maintenance of intestinal ILC3s are yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that ferroptosis is vital for regulating the survival of intestinal ILC3. Ferroptosis-related genes, including GPX4, a key regulator of ferroptosis, were found to be upregulated in intestinal mucosal ILC3s from ulcerative colitis patients. Deletion of GPX4 resulted in a decrease in NKp46+ILC3 cell numbers, impaired production of IL-22 and IL-17A, and exacerbated intestinal inflammation in a T cell-independent manner. Our mechanistic studies revealed that GPX4-mediated ferroptosis in NKp46+ILC3 cells was regulated by the LCN2-p38-ATF4-xCT signaling pathway. Mice lacking LCN2 in ILC3s or administration of a p38 pathway inhibitor exhibited similar phenotypes of ILC3 and colitis to those observed in GPX4 conditional knock-out mice. These observations provide novel insights into therapeutic strategies for intestinal inflammation by modulating ILC3 ferroptosis.
MANF serves as a novel hepatocyte factor to promote liver regeneration after 2/3 partial hepatectomy via doubly targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Liang Yanyan , Mei Qiong , He Enguang , Ballar Petek , Wei Chuansheng , Wang Yue , Dong Yue , Zhou Jie , Tao Xiaofang , Qu Wenyan , Zhao Mingxia , Chhetri Goma , Wei Limeng , Shao Juntang , Shen Yujun , Liu Jun , Feng Lijie , Shen Yuxian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLiver regeneration is an intricate pathophysiological process that has been a subject of great interest to the scientific community for many years. The capacity of liver regeneration is very critical for patients with liver diseases. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms of liver regeneration and finding good ways to improve it are very meaningful. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), a member of newly identified neurotrophic factors (NTFs) family, extensively expresses in the liver and has demonstrated cytoprotective effects during ER stress and inflammation. However, the role of MANF in liver regeneration remains unclear. Here, we used hepatocyte-specific MANF knockout (MANFHep−/−) mice to investigate the role of MANF in liver regeneration after 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PH). Our results showed that MANF expression was up-regulated in a time-dependent manner, and the peak level of mRNA and protein appeared at 24 h and 36 h after 2/3 PH, respectively. Notably, MANF knockout delayed hepatocyte proliferation, and the peak proliferation period was delayed by 24 h. Mechanistically, our in vitro results showed that MANF physically interacts with LRP5 and β-catenin, two essential components of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Specifically, as a cofactor, MANF binds to the extracellular segment of LRP5 to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. On the other hand, MANF interacts with β-catenin to stabilize cytosolic β-catenin level and promote its nuclear translocation, which further enhance the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We also found that MANF knockout does not affect the c-Met/β-catenin complex after 2/3 PH. In summary, our study confirms that MANF may serve as a novel hepatocyte factor that is closely linked to the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via intracellular and extracellular targets.
Retinal prolactin isoform PRLΔE1 sustains rod disease in inherited retinal degenerations
Authors: Sudharsan Raghavi , Kwok Jennifer , Swider Malgorzata , Sumaroka Alexander , Aguirre Gustavo D. , Cideciyan Artur V. , Beltran William A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPRLΔE1, a retina-specific isoform of prolactin, is expressed in multiple and diverse forms of canine inherited retinal degeneration (IRD). We find that while PRLΔE1 expression in rods is not associated with the initial phase of disease characterized by acute photoreceptor cell death, it is associated with the protracted phase of slow cell loss. Restoration of photoreceptors to a healthy state by gene-specific replacement therapy of individual IRDs successfully suppresses PRLΔE1 expression. Moreover, short-term PRLΔE1 silencing using shRNA results in preservation of outer nuclear layer thickness, suggesting PRLΔE1 drives retinal disease. However, longer-term observations reveal off-target toxic effects of the PRLΔE1 shRNA, precluding determination of its full therapeutic potential. Future research efforts aimed at enhancing the safety and specificity of PRLΔE1-targeting strategies may identify a potential universal intervention strategy for sustaining photoreceptors during the prolonged phase of multiple IRDs.
Can a behaviour change toothbrushing intervention prevent dental caries in 11–13-year-olds?
Authors: Ramasubbu Darshini , Lewney Jonathan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Design
The Brushing RemInder 4 Good oral HealTh (BRIGHT) multi-centre randomized controlled trial was based in state-funded secondary schools in England, Wales and Scotland. It had two arms, aiming to assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of a 50 min education session and twice daily brush reminder text messages on toothbrushing and caries rates, compared to the normal education curriculum and no SMS. Outcomes were assessed at intervals over 2.5 years and were assessor-blinded.

Case selection
Pupils aged 11-13 were recruited from participating schools, and in each school randomised via year group to either the intervention or control group following baseline assessments by calibrated dental professionals. Exclusion criteria included not having a functioning mobile phone.

Data analysis
The primary outcome, D4–6 MFT (Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth), was analysed using mixed-effect logistic regression and sensitivity analyses were conducted. A cost-utility analysis was also undertaken.

Results
In total 42 schools, containing 84 year groups were randomised, and 4680 pupils were in the final sample. 663 pupils withdrew from follow up. At 6 months, there was evidence that intervention group pupils were more likely to report brushing at least twice per day However, by 2.5 years this effect was no longer evident. 2383 participants had a valid dental assessment at both baseline and 2.5 years, with 514 children in the intervention and 529 children in the control group presenting with obvious decay experience in at least one permanent tooth after 2.5 years. The intervention was estimated to have a 7% chance of being cost-effective. Over the 2.5-year follow-up, there were no significant differences in QALYs and costs between groups.

Conclusions
The findings from the BRIGHT trial indicate no evidence of a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups for the prevalence of caries after 2.5-years. The behaviour change intervention did not translate into a reduction in caries rates.
Towards predicting the geographical origin of ancient samples with metagenomic data
Authors: Bozzi Davide , Neuenschwander Samuel , Cruz Dávalos Diana Ivette , Sousa da Mota Bárbara , Schroeder Hannes , Moreno-Mayar J. Víctor , Allentoft Morten E. , Malaspinas Anna-Sapfo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReconstructing the history—such as the place of birth and death—of an individual sample is a fundamental goal in ancient DNA (aDNA) studies. However, knowing the place of death can be particularly challenging when samples come from museum collections with incomplete or erroneous archives. While analyses of human DNA and isotope data can inform us about the ancestry of an individual and provide clues about where the person lived, they cannot specifically trace the place of death. Moreover, while ancient human DNA can be retrieved, a large fraction of the sequenced molecules in ancient DNA studies derive from exogenous DNA. This DNA—which is usually discarded in aDNA analyses—is constituted mostly by microbial DNA from soil-dwelling microorganisms that have colonized the buried remains post-mortem. In this study, we hypothesize that remains of individuals buried in the same or close geographic areas, exposed to similar microbial communities, could harbor more similar metagenomes. We propose to use metagenomic data from ancient samples' shotgun sequencing to locate the place of death of a given individual which can also help to solve cases of sample mislabeling. We used a k-mer-based approach to compute similarity scores between metagenomic samples from different locations and propose a method based on dimensionality reduction and logistic regression to assign a geographical origin to target samples. We apply our method to several public datasets and observe that individual samples from closer geographic locations tend to show higher similarities in their metagenomes compared to those of different origin, allowing good geographical predictions of test samples. Moreover, we observe that the genus Streptomyces commonly infiltrates ancient remains and represents a valuable biomarker to trace the samples' geographic origin. Our results provide a proof of concept and show how metagenomic data can also be used to shed light on the place of origin of ancient samples.
The real-time shadow detection of the PV module by computer vision based on histogram matching and gamma transformation method
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Xia Haonan , Li Ke , Lu Yinghui , Lv Shanshan , Zhao Qinghe , Song Weixian , Wang Lishu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSolar energy plays an important role in renewable energy generation, with the advantages of low pollution, easy installation, and relatively easy access. However, photovoltaic (PV) modules are susceptible to cause localized shading from external factors such as leaves in the canopy, surrounding buildings, etc., which would affect power generation efficiency and even pose safety risks. Existing methods cannot perform well in real-time conditions. This paper proposes a real-time shading monitoring method for the PV module based on computer vision. The gamma transform and histogram matching were adopted to enhance key features and adjust the global gamut strength distribution in the image of the PV module; then the gray-level slicing method finished the segmentation to detect the shadow from the video. All processing can be realized in the real-time monitor camera and the detection results can be displayed on the HMI in PC with high efficiency and low cost. According to tests in the practical complex environment, the method can have enough detection performance and high real-time performance with an accuracy of 0.98, and the F0.5 and F2 values are 0.87 and 0.85, respectively. The metrics of the proposed method are higher than those of the existing Canny detection method, the Random Forest detection method, and the CNN detection method. In addition, the average time required by the proposed method to process a frame is 0.721 s. In addition, the average time required by the method to process an image frame is 0.721 s, which has good real-time performance.