bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysosomal cystine accumulation promotes mitochondrial depolarization and induction of redox‐sensitive genes in human kidney proximal tubular cells
Authors: Sumayao Rodolfo , McEvoy Bernadette , Newsholme Philip , McMorrow Tara 
Published: February 2016

Key points
Cystine is a disulphide amino acid that is normally generated in the lysosomes by the breakdown of cystine‐containing proteins.
Previously, we demonstrated that lysosomal cystine accumulation in kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) dramatically reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, which may result in the disruption of cellular redox balance.
In the present study, we show that lysosomal cystine accumulation following CTNS gene silencing in kidney PTECs resulted in elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species production, reduced antioxidant capacity, induction of redox‐sensitive proteins, altered mitochondrial integrity and augmented cell death.
These alterations may represent different facets of a unique cascade leading to tubular dysfunction initiated by lysosomal cystine accumulation and may present a clear disadvantage for cystinotic PTECs in vivo.
Cystine depletion by cysteamine afforded cytoprotection in CTNS knockdown cells by reducing oxidative stress, normalizing intracellular GSH and ATP content, and preserving cell viability.
AbstractCystine is a disulphide amino acid that is normally generated within the lysosomes through lysosomal‐based protein degradation and via extracellular uptake of free cystine. In the autosomal recessive disorder, cystinosis, a defect in the CTNS gene results in excessive lysosomal accumulation of cystine, with early kidney failure a hallmark of the disease. Previously, we demonstrated that silencing of the CTNS gene in kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) resulted in an increase in intracellular cystine concentration coupled with a dramatic reduction in the total GSH content. Because of the crucial role of GSH in maintaining the redox status and viability of kidney PTECs, we assessed the effects of CTNS knockdown‐induced lysosomal cystine accumulation on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, activity of classical redox‐sensitive genes, mitochondrial integrity and cell viability. Our results showed that lysosomal cystine accumulation increased ROS production and solicitation to oxidative stress (OS). This was associated with the induction of classical redox‐sensitive proteins, NF‐κB, NRF2, HSP32 and HSP70. Cystine‐loaded PTECs also displayed depolarized mitochondria, reduced ATP content and augmented apoptosis. Treatment of CTNS knockdown PTECs with the cystine‐depleting agent cysteamine resulted in the normalization of OS index, increased GSH and ATP content, and preservation of cell viability. Taken together, the alterations observed in cystinotic cells may represent different facets of a cascade leading to tubular dysfunction and, in combination with cysteamine therapy, may offer a novel link for the attenuation of renal injury and preservation of functions of other organs affected in cystinosis.
Mitigating the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Zircaloy-4 Fuel Sheathing: Siloxane Coatings Revisited
Authors: Ferrier Graham A. , Farahani Mohsen , Metzler Joseph , Chan Paul K. , Corcoran Emily C. 
Published: February 2016

For more than 50 years, a thin (3–20 μm) graphite coating has played an important role in limiting the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Zircaloy-4 fuel sheathing in CANDU® nuclear reactors. Siloxane coatings, which were examined alongside graphite coatings in the early 1970s, demonstrated even better tolerance against power-ramp-induced SCC and exhibited better wear resistance than graphite coatings. Although siloxane technology developed significantly in the 1980s/1990s, siloxane coatings remain unused in CANDU reactors, because graphite is relatively inexpensive and performs well in-service. However, advanced CANDU designs will accommodate average burnups, exceeding the threshold tolerable by the graphite coating (450  MWh/kgHE). In addition, siloxane coatings may find applicability in pressurized and boiling water reactors, wherein the burnups are inherently larger than those in CANDU reactors. Consequently, a commercially available siloxane coating is evaluated by its present-day chemistry, wear resistance, and performance in hot, stressful, and corrosive environments. After subjecting slotted Zircaloy-4 rings to iodine concentrations exceeding the estimated in-reactor concentration (1  mg/cm3), mechanical deflection tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that the siloxane coating outperforms the graphite coating in preserving the mechanical integrity of the rings. Furthermore, the baked siloxane coating survived a 50-day exposure to thermal neutron flux ((2.5±0.1)×1011  n/cm2 s) in the SLOWPOKE-2 nuclear reactor at the Royal Military College of Canada.
Iodine Benchmarks in the SARNET Network of Excellence
Authors: Haste Tim , Di Giuli Mirco , Weber Gunter , Weber Sebastian 
Published: February 2016

Accurate calculation of iodine behavior in the containment is very important in determining the potential radioactive release to the environment in light water reactor severe accidents (SAs). Of particular significance is the behavior of gas phase iodine, particularly organic iodine, which is difficult to remove by filtration, e.g., in containment venting systems. Iodine behavior is closely linked with the containment thermal hydraulics, which have a major influence on the distribution of iodine throughout the containment atmosphere and sump. In the European 7th Framework SARNET project, European Commission (EC) cofunded from 2007 to 2013, SA modeling code capability was assessed through two integral benchmarks. In the first, the basis was the German THAI Iod-11/12 tests, where molecular iodine transport with atmospheric flows and iodine interactions with steel surfaces were emphasized. In the second, data from the international Phébus FPT3 test were used, where all aspects of SAs were studied from core degradation, fission product (FP) release, circuit transport/deposition, and containment behavior using realistic FP sources. Thermal hydraulics in the containment were simpler, being well-mixed, and radiolytic interactions of iodine, e.g., with painted surfaces, were studied. These interactions may be an important source of organic iodine in the containment atmosphere. The two benchmarks are thus complementary. In the FPT3 exercise, the calculations could predict the containment thermal hydraulic conditions fairly well. For the more detailed data from THAI, differences were noted for atmospheric flows and relative humidities, outside experimental uncertainties, affecting iodine behavior. The FPT3 iodine results themselves showed a spread in calculated results outside data uncertainties, indicating the need for model improvements in this area, e.g., for radiolytic interaction of iodine with paint. Experimental programs to generate the necessary data needed for code improvement have been recently completed, e.g., in the OECD/THAI, THAI2, BIP, and BIP2 projects, or are in progress, in OECD/STEM and EC/PASSAM. When model improvements have been made, repeat benchmarks are planned to check progress toward code convergence with experimental data, e.g., under the aegis of the new NUGENIA association of which SARNET now forms a part.
The Effect of Cognitive Rest as Part of Postconcussion Management for Adolescent Athletes: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Johnson Rachel S. , Provenzano Mia K. , Shumaker Larynn M. , McLeod Tamara C. Valovich , Bacon Cailee E. Welch 
Published: February 2016

Clinical Scenario:It is hypothesized that cognitive activity following a concussion may potentially hinder patient recovery. While the recommendation of cognitive rest is often maintained and rationalized, a causal relationship between cognitive activity and symptom duration has yet to be established.Clinical Question:Does the implementation of cognitive rest as part of the postconcussion management plan reduce the number of days until the concussed adolescent patient is symptom free compared to a postconcussion management plan that does not incorporate cognitive rest?Summary of Key Findings:A thorough literature search returned 7 possible studies; 5 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Three studies indicated that increased cognitive activity is associated with longer recovery from a concussion, and, therefore, supported the use of cognitive rest. One study indicated that the recommendation for cognitive rest was not significantly associated with time to concussion symptom resolution. One study indicated that strict rest, defined as 5 days of no school, work, or physical activity; might prolong symptom duration.Clinical Bottom Line:There is moderate evidence to support the prescription of moderate cognitive rest for concussed patients. Clinicians who intend on implementing cognitive rest in their concussion protocols should be aware of inconsistencies and be open-minded to alternative treatment progressions while taking into consideration each individual patient and maintaining adequate patient-centered care principles.Strength of Recommendation:Grade B evidence exists that prescription of moderate cognitive rest for concussed patients may be beneficial as a supplement to physical rest as treatment for symptom reduction in adolescents.
Laboratory parameters provided by Advia 2120 analyser identify structural haemoglobinopathy carriers and discriminate between Hb S trait and Hb C trait
Authors: Velasco-Rodríguez Diego , Alonso-Domínguez Juan-Manuel , González-Fernández Fernando-Ataúlfo , Muriel Alfonso , Abalo Lorena , Sopeña María , Villarrubia Jesús , Ropero Paloma , Plaza María Paz , Tenorio María , Jiménez-Martín Ana , Moreno Gemma , Martínez-Nieto Jorge , de la Fuente-Gonzalo Félix , Fernández-Escribano Marina , López-Jiménez Francisco Javier , Cava Fernando 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundHaemoglobinopathies have spread owing to human migration, and the number of people needing diagnosis and management of these conditions is increasing. Clinicians need to accurately identify carriers and provide adequate genetic counselling in order to prevent the occurrence of homozygous or compound heterozygous offspring.ObjectivesTo identify red blood cell (RBC) laboratory parameters that discriminate between structural haemoglobinopathy carriers and healthy subjects, and to compare RBC laboratory indices between HbAS and HbAC individuals.MethodsSamples of 500 variant Hb carriers (355 HbAS, 104 HbAC, 19 HbAD, 7 HbAE, 7 HbAO-Arab, 4 α-chain variants and 4 Hb Lepore) and 251 normal controls were run on an Advia 2120 analyser (Siemens). Classic haematological parameters and RBC populations were assessed in all subjects. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was created to predict the probability of a subject carrying any structural haemoglobinopathy. HbAS (n=355, 71%) and HbAC (n=104, 20.8%) subjects were compared.ResultsA clinical prediction rule was developed by assigning one point to each of the most efficient variables: mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <88.4 fL, RBC distribution width >13.4%, percentage of microcytic RBCs (%MICRO) >0.7% and the ratio of microcytic RBCs to hypochromic RBCs >0.8. A score of 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, resulted in a probability of 9.6%, 36.3%, 66.7%, 85.2% or 98.3%, respectively. Among the most frequent variant Hb, HbAC subjects had lower values of parameters related to cell size (MCV, %MICRO) and higher values of parameters related to haemoglobin concentration (MCHC, %HYPER) than HbAS subjects. Coexistence of α-thalassaemia in both HbAS and HbAC individuals resulted in decreased Hb, MCV, MCH and MCHC.ConclusionsStructural haemoglobinopathy should be investigated in subjects belonging to ethnic groups with high prevalence of variant Hb and with a score of 3 or 4. Erythrocytes of HbAC subjects are smaller and denser than those of HbAS subjects.
Population studies of Lowe’s Monkey (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae: Cercopithecus lowei Thomas, 1923) in Kakum Conservation Area, Ghana
Authors: Wiafe Edward Debrah 
Published: February 2016

<p>The status of Lowe’s Monkey <em>Cercopithecus lowei</em> was assessed during a survey in Kakum Conservation Area, Ghana. Within the reserve logging and hunting was banned 20 years ago, and the forest underwent two decades of natural regeneration. The main objectives of the study were to evaluate the impact of conservation measures on the local population of Lowe’s Monkey<em> </em>and assess its relationships with other primates and non-primate mammals. Data on population status were collected during line transect surveys. Comparing the present mean encounter rate of 1.03 (±0.03) groups/km to that recorded in 1993 (0.31±0.16 groups/km) suggests an average population growth rate of 13.6% per annum. Conservation measures such as banning illegal logging and hunting have likely contributed to the population increase. Lowe’s monkeys were often observed in close proximity to other primates (e.g., Black and White Colobus) and non-primate mammals (e.g., Maxwell’s Duiker), but neither socio-positive nor antagonistic interactions were observed. Recommendations are made for further improvement and studies of the species elsewhere.</p><div> </div>
Estimating the density of Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus (Galliformes: Phasianidae) in the tropical forest of Similipal Tiger Reserve, eastern India
Authors: Palei Himanshu S. , Sahu Hemanta K. , Nayak Anup K. 
Published: February 2016

<p>To determine population status of wild animal using reliable sampling techniques forms an important component of conservation effort and effective wildlife management. We estimated the density of Red Junglefowl <em>Gallus gallus</em><strong><em> </em></strong>using distance sampling, a quantitatively robust technique, in Similipal Tiger Reserve, Odisha, eastern India during September 2012 to May 2013. We laid 27 transects and walked seven to eight times for a total of 390km to obtain the distance sampling data. We used DISTANCE software for analysis. We estimated per km<sup>2 </sup>Red Junglefowl group density as 4.99 and density as 7.64 birds in the intensive study area. Mean group size of Red Junglefowl was 1.48. Our results may prove helpful in planning better management needs and strategies for the survival and conservation of Red Junglefowl in different protected areas.</p><div> </div>
An observation on the Odonata fauna of the Asansol-Durgapur Industrial Area, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
Authors: Nayak Amar Kumar , Roy Utpal Singha 
Published: February 2016

<p>The present investigation was undertaken as a pilot study to examine the diversity, occurrence and distribution pattern of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) from the selected study sites of the Asansol-Durgapur industrial area of Burdwan District of West Bengal, India from January 2012 to December 2015. A combination of direct search and opportunistic sighting methods were applied to record 57 different Odonata species (38 dragonflies and 19 damselflies). Among the dragonflies the most diverse family was Libellulidae represented by 36 species while among damselflies Coenagrionidae was the most diverse family represented by 16 species. In spite of the Asansol-Durgapur region being an industrial urban area, the present study revealed a handsome diversity of odonates. A suitable geographic location, favourable climatic conditions, heterogeneous habitat types that included ponds, wetlands, riverbeds, grasslands and agricultural lands along with the presence of appropriate vegetation provided a comfortable shelter for Odonata species to flourish in this ecoregion. All the odonates noted in the present study belong to the Least Concerned category as designated by IUCN.</p><div> </div>
Range extension of Lestes nodalis Selys, 1891 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Lestidae) in southern India
Authors: Emiliyamma K. G. , Palot Muhamed Jafer 
Published: February 2016

<p>Here we report the range extension of <em>Lestes nodalis </em>Selys , a northeastern and eastern Indian species to Kerala, southern India for the first time. Additional taxonomic and natural history notes are also given for the species.</p><div> </div>
Low Levels of Apolipoprotein B-100 Autoantibodies Are Associated With Increased Risk of Coronary Events
Authors: Björkbacka Harry , Alm Ragnar , Persson Margaretha , Hedblad Bo , Nilsson Jan , Fredrikson Gunilla Nordin 
Published: February 2016

Objective—
Previous smaller studies have indicated inverse associations between autoantibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein epitopes, and cardiovascular disease. The present study investigated associations between autoantibodies against the apolipoprotein B-100 peptides p45 and p210, respectively, and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in a large population-based cohort.

Approach and Results—

Apolipoprotein B-100 autoantibodies were analyzed by ELISA in a prospective study, including 5393 individuals (aged 46–68 years) belonging to the cardiovascular arm of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study with a follow-up time of >15 years. Subjects that suffered an acute coronary event during follow-up (n=382) had lower levels at baseline of IgM autoantibodies recognizing the native and malondialdehyde-modified apolipoprotein B-100 peptides p45 and p210 and also lower IgG levels recognizing native p210, whereas no association was found with risk for stroke (n=317). Subjects in the highest compared with lowest tertile of IgM-p45
MDA
(hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.72 [0.55, 0.94];
P
=0.017) and IgG-p210
native
(hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.73 [0.56, 0.97];
P
=0.029) had lower risk for incident coronary events after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors in Cox proportional hazard regression models. Moreover, subjects with high levels of IgG-p210
native
were less likely to have carotid plaques as assessed by ultrasonography at baseline (odds ratio=0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.70–0.95,
P
=0.008 after adjustment for risk factors).

Conclusions—
This large prospective study demonstrates that subjects with high levels of apolipoprotein B-100 autoantibodies have a lower risk of coronary events supporting a protective role of these autoantibodies in cardiovascular disease.
Novel Approach Targeting the Complex Pathophysiology of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Olivotto Iacopo , Hellawell Jennifer L. , Farzaneh-Far Ramin , Blair Christiana , Coppini Raffaele , Myers Jonathan , Belardinelli Luiz , Maron Martin S. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract—
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disorder, with an overall prevalence of at least 1:500 in the adult population although only a fraction of affected patients come to clinical recognition. It is also the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults and a major cause of morbidity caused by chronic heart failure symptoms. However, more than half a century since the original description of the disease, there is no currently approved therapy for the treatment of patients with HCM, and to date there have been only 5 randomized studies of medical therapies in HCM. As such, unmet medical need in HCM has been highlighted by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) as a research priority. Encouragingly, the infrastructure needed to conduct rigorous clinical trials in HCM has recently emerged because of the heightened awareness and understanding of the disease, development of clinical centers of excellence, and advances in diagnostic imaging. In this article, we will discuss the complex pathophysiology of HCM, review the current therapeutic landscape, describe new mechanistic insights into the central role of the late sodium current in HCM, and introduce the scientific rationale and execution of the Impact of Late Sodium Current Inhibition on Exercise Capacity in Subjects with Symptomatic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (LIBERTY-HCM) trial, the largest randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial, now underway, designed to evaluate the effect of a novel pharmacological approach in patients with symptomatic HCM.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02291237.
Toward the reconceptualization of the relationship between occupation and health and well-being
Authors: Stewart Katherine E. , Fischer Tess M. , Hirji Rehana , Davis Jane A. 
Published: February 2016

Background. Foundational to the occupational therapy profession is the belief that engagement in occupation is health promoting; however, this belief fails to account for occupational engagement that may be risky or illness producing. Consensus regarding the nature of the relationship between occupation and health has yet to be achieved. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive description of how the relationship between occupation and health and well-being is discussed within the occupational therapy and occupational science literature. Method. The methodological framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley served as the basis for this scoping review of the occupational therapy and occupational science literature. Findings. One hundred and twelve articles were identified as meeting the criteria for inclusion. The dominant discourse portrays the relationship between occupation and health as positive. Implications. The broader literature suggests that occupational engagement can have both positive and negative effects on health and well-being. As such, the reconceptualization of the relationship between occupation and health and well-being is warranted to enable occupational therapists to practise in a more client-centred manner.
Increase in migraine diagnoses and guideline-concordant treatment in veterans, 2004–2012
Authors: Altalib HH , Fenton BT , Sico J , Goulet JL , Bathulapalli H , Mohammad A , Kulas J , Driscoll M , Dziura J , Mattocks K , Kerns R , Brandt C , Haskell S 
Published: February 2016

Background and aim Health administrators, policy makers, and educators have attempted to increase guideline adherence of migraine medications while reducing inappropriate use of opioid- and barbiturate-containing medications. We evaluated the burden of migraine and proportion of guideline-concordant care in a large, national health care system over time. Methods We conducted a time-series study using data from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) electronic health record. Veterans with migraines were identified by ICD-9 code (346.X). Prescriptions and comorbid conditions were evaluated before and after migraine diagnosis. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were performed. Results A total of 57,064 veterans were diagnosed with migraine headache (5.3%), with women significantly more likely diagnosed (11.6% vs. 4.4%, p < 0.0001). The number of veterans diagnosed with migraine has significantly increased over the years. By 2012, triptans were prescribed to 43% of people with migraine, with no difference by gender. However, triptan prescriptions increased from 2004 to 2012 in men, but not women, veterans. Preventive medicines showed a significant increase with the year of migraine diagnosis, after controlling for age, sex, race, and for comorbidities treated with medications used for migraine prevention. Conclusions The burden of migraines is increasing within the VHA, with a corresponding increase in the delivery of guideline-concordant acute and prophylactic migraine-specific medication.