bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of Dilated Perivascular Spaces, an Emerging Marker of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, Is Highly Heritable
Authors: Duperron Marie-Gabrielle , Tzourio Christophe , Sargurupremraj Muralidharan , Mazoyer Bernard , Soumaré Aïcha , Schilling Sabrina , Amouyel Philippe , Chauhan Ganesh , Zhu Yi-Cheng , Debette Stéphanie 
Published: January 2018

Background and Purpose—
The genetic contribution to dilated perivascular space (dPVS) burden—an emerging MRI marker of cerebral small vessel disease—is unknown. We measured the heritability of dPVS burden and its shared heritability with other MRI markers of cerebral small vessel disease.

Methods—
The study sample comprised 1597 participants from the population-based Three City (3C) Dijon Study, with brain MRI and genome-wide genotyping (mean age, 72.8±4.1 years; 61% women). dPVS burden and lacunar brain infarcts were rated on a semiquantitative scale, whereas an automated algorithm generated white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV). We estimated dPVS burden heritability and shared heritability with WMHV and lacunar brain infarcts using the genome-wide complex trait analysis tool, on unrelated participants, adjusting for age, sex, intracranial volume, and principal components of population stratification.

Results—

dPVS burden was significantly correlated with WMHV and lacunar brain infarcts, the strongest correlation being found between WMHV and dPVS in basal ganglia. Heritability estimates were h
2
=0.59±0.24 (
P
=0.007) for dPVS burden, h
2
=0.54±0.24 (
P
=0.010) for WMHV, and h
2
=0.48±0.81 (
P
=0.278) for lacunar brain infarcts. We found a nonsignificant trend toward shared heritability between dPVS and WMHV (r
g
=0.41±0.28;
P
=0.096), which seemed driven by dPVS in basal ganglia (r
g
=0.72±0.61;
P
=0.126) and not dPVS in white matter (r
g
=−0.10±0.36;
P
=0.393). A genetic risk score for WMHV based on published loci was associated with increased dPVS burden in basal ganglia (
P
=0.031).

Conclusions—
We provide evidence for important genetic contribution to dPVS burden in older community-dwelling people, some of which may be shared with WMHV. Differential heritability patterns for dPVS in white matter and basal ganglia suggest at least partly distinct underlying biological processes.
First two species of Austroleptis Hardy (Diptera: Brachycera: Austroleptidae) from Brazil
Authors: FACHIN DIEGO AGUILAR , SANTOS CHARLES MORPHY D. , AMORIM DALTON DE SOUZA 
Published: January 2018

Two new species of the genus Austroleptis Hardy, so far known only from Australia and Chile, are described from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest—A. longirostris nov. sp. and A. papaveroi nov. sp. The species share clear apomorphic features of the genus, as the subdivision of female tergite 8. Both new species share a distinctive wing pattern, and a flagellomere 1 that is as wide as the more distal flagellomeres, features that clearly differentiate them from the Chilean and Australian species. It is likely that the Brazilian species compose a small clade apart from the Chilean species of the genus. A. longirostris nov. sp. has a particular long proboscis, even for the standards of non-tabanid tabanomorphs, while A. papaveroi nov. sp. has a stump on M3. The scutum coloration also helps to discriminate between both species. This is an additional example of a group in southern Brazil with southern temperate connections, i.e., involving southern Chile and Argentina and either Australia, New Zealand or both. Additional records and illustrations of Austroleptis atriceps Malloch and A. penai Nagatomi & Nagatomi from Chile are provided.
A Coupled Dynamic Index for ENSO Periodicity
Authors: Lu Bo , Jin Fei-Fei , Ren Hong-Li 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEl Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most active interannual climatic mode, with great global impacts. The state-of-the-art climate models can simulate this dominant mode variability to a large extent. Nevertheless, some of ENSO’s fundamental time–space characteristics still have a large spread in the simulations across the array of recent climate models. For example, the large biases of ENSO periodicity still exist among model simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Based on the recharge oscillator framework, a coupled dynamic index for ENSO periodicity is proposed in this study, referred to as the Wyrtki index, in parallel to the Bjerknes index for ENSO instability. The Wyrtki index provides an approximate dynamic measure for ENSO linear periodicity. It has two main contribution terms: the thermocline and zonal advective feedbacks (or F factor) multiplied by the efficiency factor B of discharging–recharging of the equatorial heat content driven by ENSO wind stress anomalies. It is demonstrated that the diversity of simulated ENSO periodicity in CMIP5 models results from the biases in mean state and several key parameters that control ENSO dynamics. A larger F factor would result in a shorter ENSO period [e.g., BCC_CSM1.1(m)], whereas a smaller B factor would lead to a longer ENSO period (e.g., HadGEM2-ES). The Wyrtki index serves as a useful tool for a quantitative assessment of the sources for ENSO periodicity in reanalysis data and its biases in CMIP5 model simulations.
Experimental Study of Drop Impact on Deep-Water Surface in the Presence of Wind
Authors: Liu Xinan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe effects of wind on the impact of a single water drop on a deep-water surface are studied experimentally in a wind tunnel. Experiments are performed by varying impacting drop diameters, ranging from 2.5 to 4.1 mm and wind speeds up to 6.7 m s−1. The sequence of splashing events that occurred during drop impacts is recorded with a backlit, cinematic shadowgraph technique. The experimental results show that for low wind speeds, an asymmetrical crown forms on the leeward of the periphery of the colliding region after the drop hits the water surface, while a wave swell forms on the windward. Secondary droplets are generated from the crown rim. For high wind speeds with large drop diameters, ligaments are generated from the crown rim on the leeward of the drop impact site. The ligaments grow, coalesce, and fragment into secondary droplets. It is found that both the drag force and surface tension play important roles in the evolution process of the ligaments. The nondimensional K number (K = WeOh−0.4, where We is the Webber number and Oh is the Ohnesorge number) is used to describe the splashing-deposition limit of drop impact. The threshold value of this K number changes with the wind velocity and/or drop impact angle.
Cloud-Assisted Retrieval of Lower-Stratospheric Water Vapor from Nadir-View Satellite Measurements
Authors: Feng Jing , Huang Yi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study examines the feasibility of retrieving lower-stratospheric water vapor using a nadir infrared hyperspectrometer, with the focus on the detectability of small-scale water vapor variability. The feasibility of the retrieval is examined using simulation experiments that model different instrument settings. These experiments show that the infrared spectra, measured with sufficient spectral coverage, resolution, and noise level, contain considerable information content that can be used to retrieve lower-stratospheric water vapor. Interestingly, it is found that the presence of an opaque cloud layer at the tropopause level can substantially improve the retrieval performance, as it helps remove the degeneracy in the retrieval problem. Under this condition, elevated lower-stratospheric water vapor concentration—for instance, caused by convective moistening—can be detected with an accuracy of 0.09 g m−2 using improved spaceborne hyperspectrometers. The cloud-assisted retrieval is tested using the measurements of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). Validation against collocated aircraft data shows that the retrieval can detect the elevated water vapor concentration caused by convective moistening.
Early detection and evolution of preleukemic clones in therapy-related myeloid neoplasms following autologous SCT
Authors: Berger Gerbrig , Kroeze Leonie I. , Koorenhof-Scheele Theresia N. , de Graaf Aniek O. , Yoshida Kenichi , Ueno Hiroo , Shiraishi Yuichi , Miyano Satoru , van den Berg Eva , Schepers Hein , van der Reijden Bert A. , Ogawa Seishi , Vellenga Edo , Jansen Joop H. 
Published: January 2018

Key Points
tMNs after ASCT originate from HSCs bearing (pre-)tMN mutations that are present years before disease onset. Post-ASCT treatment can influence selection and outgrowth of (pre)leukemic clones.
Effects of 6-month treatment with the glucagon like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide on arterial stiffness, left ventricular myocardial deformation and oxidative stress in subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lambadiari Vaia , Pavlidis George , Kousathana Foteini , Varoudi Maria , Vlastos Dimitrios , Maratou Eirini , Georgiou Dimitrios , Andreadou Ioanna , Parissis John , Triantafyllidi Helen , Lekakis John , Iliodromitis Efstathios , Dimitriadis George , Ikonomidis Ignatios 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Background
Incretin-based therapies are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. We investigated the changes in arterial stiffness and left ventricular (LV) myocardial deformation after 6-month treatment with the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide in subjects with newly diagnosed T2DM.

Methods
We randomized 60 patients with newly diagnosed and treatment-naive T2DM to receive either liraglutide (n = 30) or metformin (n = 30) for 6 months. We measured at baseline and after 6-month treatment: (a) carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) (b) LV longitudinal strain (GLS), and strain rate (GLSR), peak twisting (pTw), peak twisting velocity (pTwVel) and peak untwisting velocity (pUtwVel) using speckle tracking echocardiography. LV untwisting was calculated as the percentage difference between peak twisting and untwisting at MVO (%dpTw–UtwMVO), at peak (%dpTw–UtwPEF) and end of early LV diastolic filling (%dpTw–UtwEDF) (c) Flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and percentage difference of FMD (FMD%) (d) malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PCs) and NT-proBNP.

Results
After 6-months treatment, subjects that received liraglutide presented with a reduced PWV (11.8 ± 2.5 vs. 10.3 ± 3.3 m/s), MDA (0.92 [0.45–2.45] vs. 0.68 [0.43–2.08] nM/L) and NT-proBNP (p < 0.05) in parallel with an increase in GLS (− 15.4 ± 3 vs. − 16.6 ± 2.7), GLSR (0.77 ± 0.2 vs. 0.89 ± 0.2), pUtwVel (− 97 ± 49 vs. − 112 ± 52°, p < 0.05), %dpTw–UtwMVO (31 ± 10 vs. 40 ± 14), %dpTw–UtwPEF (43 ± 19 vs. 53 ± 22) and FMD% (8.9 ± 3 vs. 13.2 ± 6, p < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences of the measured markers in subjects that received metformin except for an improvement in FMD. In all subjects, PCs levels at baseline were negatively related to the difference of GLS (r = − 0.53) post-treatment and the difference of MDA was associated with the difference of PWV (r = 0.52) (p < 0.05 for all associations) after 6-month treatment.

Conclusions
Six-month treatment with liraglutide improves arterial stiffness, LV myocardial strain, LV twisting and untwisting and NT-proBNP by reducing oxidative stress in subjects with newly diagnosed T2DM.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03010683
Facile fabrication and comparative exploration of high cut resistant woven and knitted composite fabrics using Kevlar and polyethylene
Authors: Memon Anam Ali , Peerzada Mazhar H. , Sahito Iftikhar Ali , Abbassi Sadaf , Jeong Sung Hoon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractComposite materials offer a number of distinct advantages in a wide range of low and high technology engineering applications. Considering the fact, in this study, a facile fabrication method of highly cut resistant composite fabrics using Kevlar and polyethylene is reported. 100% Kevlar, 100% Polyethylene and 50% Kevlar/50% Polyethylene composite fabrics are fabricated by weaving and knitting techniques. These fabrics were tested for cut index, abrasion, and puncture resistance for comparative exploration. Owing to higher mechanical strength and greater number of interlacements; the woven fabrics demonstrated twice cut resistance in contrast to knitted fabrics. The surface morphology of deformed samples investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) also proved that the woven fabrics of all types offered much resistance towards cutting than the knitted fabrics. Moreover, it is found that greater thickness of fabrics leads to intensification of the cut resistance. Furthermore, the effect of fiber type on cut resistant property of the fabrics was also measured and it was found that the composite fabric exhibited double cut resistance than 100% Kevlar and 100% Polyethylene fabrics. The 50% Kevlar/50% Polyethylene composite woven fabric resisted up to 35 consecutive strokes of sharp steel cutter whereas the knitted fabric completely torn apart at 20 strokes only. Thus, the as synthesized 50% Kevlar/50% Polyethylene composite woven fabric exhibiting superior cut resistance property offer a judicious choice for the preparation of efficient cut resistant fabric for industrial and domestic applications.
Enzyme washing of indigo and sulphur dyed denim
Authors: Patra A. K. , Madhu Amit , Bala Neeraj 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA wide ranging finish effects have been given to denim fabrics in industrial scale to make it more fashionable and functional. Among the numerous wet and dry treatments given, worn out looks of various kinds have received the maximum attention. In this context, herein, two denim fabrics, one dyed with vat indigo and the other with sulphur black were enzyme washed. The enzymes used were acid cellulase and neutral cellulase and the treatments were done at varying concentrations, time and mechanical agitation. The trials so taken were based on design of experiments, and the effect was analysed in terms of decrease in colour depth and weight loss. Back staining of fabric during the wash was also checked and acid enzyme despite higher colour removal, caused significant staining in sulphur dyed quality. Attempt was made to contain this back staining by suitable treatment. The application conditions of cellulases on the denim qualities were also optimized for fading effect.
Effect of electroconvulsive therapy on hippocampal and amygdala volumes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Takamiya Akihiro , Chung Jun Ku , Liang Kuo-ching , Graff-Guerrero Ariel , Mimura Masaru , Kishimoto Taishiro 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for depression, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Animal studies have shown that electroconvulsive shock induced neuroplastic changes in the hippocampus.AimsTo summarise volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating the effects of ECT on limbic brain structures.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess volumetric changes of each side of the hippocampus and amygdala before and after ECT. Standardised mean difference (SMD) was calculated.ResultsA total of 8 studies (n = 193) were selected for our analyses. Both right and left hippocampal and amygdala volumes increased after ECT. Meta-regression analyses revealed that age, percentage of those responding and percentage of those in remission were negatively associated with volume increases in the left hippocampus.ConclusionsECT increased brain volume in the limbic structures. The clinical relevance of volume increase needs further investigation.Declaration of interestNone.
Joining psychiatric care and faith healing in a prayer camp in Ghana: randomised trial
Authors: Ofori-Atta A. , Attafuah J. , Jack H. , Baning F. , Rosenheck R. ,   the Joining Forces Research Consortium
Published: January 2018

BackgroundCare of people with serious mental illness in prayer camps in low-income countries generates human rights concerns and ethical challenges for outcome researchers.AimsTo ethically evaluate joining traditional faith healing with psychiatric care including medications (Clinical trials.gov identifier NCT02593734).MethodResidents of a Ghana prayer camp were randomly assigned to receive either indicated medication for schizophrenia or mood disorders along with usual prayer camp activities (prayers, chain restraints and fasting) (n= 71); or the prayer camp activities alone (n= 68). Masked psychologists assessed Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) outcomes at 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Researchers discouraged use of chaining, but chaining decisions remained under the control of prayer camp staff.ResultsTotal BPRS symptoms were significantly lower in the experimental group (P= 0.003, effect size –0.48). There was no significant difference in days in chains.ConclusionsJoining psychiatric and prayer camp care brought symptom benefits but, in the short-run, did not significantly reduce days spent in chains.Declaration of interestNone.
Undetected post-traumatic stress disorder in secondary-care mental health services: systematic review
Authors: Zammit Stan , Lewis Catrin , Dawson Sarah , Colley Hannah , McCann Hannah , Piekarski Alice , Rockliff Helen , Bisson Jonathan 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundComorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with poorer outcomes of other disorders, but is treatable.AimsTo estimate the frequency of clinically undetected PTSD in secondary care.MethodA systematic review of studies that screened for PTSD and reported on PTSD documentation in clinical records. Frequency of undetected PTSD was estimated, and reasons for heterogeneity explored.ResultsThe median proportion of participants with undetected PTSD (29 studies) was 28.6% (interquartile range 18.2–38.6%). There was substantial heterogeneity, with studies conducted in the USA and those with the highest proportions of in-patients and patients with psychotic disorder reporting higher frequencies of undetected PTSD.ConclusionsUndetected PTSD is common in secondary care, even if the true value is at the lower limit of the estimates reported here. Trials examining the impact of routine screening for PTSD are required to determine whether such programmes should be standard procedure for all mental health services.Declaration of interestNone.
Cabozantinib, a New Standard of Care for Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma and Bone Metastases? Subgroup Analysis of the METEOR Trial
Authors: Escudier Bernard , Powles Thomas , Motzer Robert J. , Olencki Thomas , Arén Frontera Osvaldo , Oudard Stephane , Rolland Frederic , Tomczak Piotr , Castellano Daniel , Appleman Leonard J. , Drabkin Harry , Vaena Daniel , Milwee Steven , Youkstetter Jillian , Lougheed Julie C. , Bracarda Sergio , Choueiri Toni K. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Cabozantinib, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases including MET, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, and AXL, increased progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after previous vascular endothelial growth factor receptor–targeted therapy in the phase III METEOR trial. Because bone metastases are associated with increased morbidity in patients with RCC, bone-related outcomes were analyzed in METEOR. Patients and Methods Six hundred fifty-eight patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive 60 mg cabozantinib or 10 mg everolimus. Prespecified subgroup analyses of PFS, OS, and ORR were conducted in patients grouped by baseline bone metastases status per independent radiology committee (IRC). Additional end points included bone scan response per IRC, skeletal-related events, and changes in bone biomarkers. Results For patients with bone metastases at baseline (cabozantinib [n = 77]; everolimus [n = 65]), median PFS was 7.4 months for cabozantinib versus 2.7 months for everolimus (hazard ratio, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.21 to 0.51]). Median OS was also longer with cabozantinib (20.1 months v 12.1 months; hazard ratio, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.34 to 0.84]), and ORR per IRC was higher (17% v 0%). The rate of skeletal-related events was 23% with cabozantinib and 29% with everolimus, and bone scan response per IRC was 20% versus 10%, respectively. PFS, OS, and ORR were also improved with cabozantinib in patients without bone metastases. Changes in bone biomarkers were greater with cabozantinib than with everolimus. The overall safety profiles of cabozantinib and everolimus in patients with bone metastases were consistent with those observed in patients without bone metastases. Conclusion Cabozantinib treatment was associated with improved PFS, OS, and ORR when compared with everolimus treatment in patients with advanced RCC and bone metastases and represents a good treatment option for these patients.
L1 vertebral density on CT is too variable with different scanning protocols to be a useful screening tool for osteoporosis in everyday practice
Authors: Gerety Emma-Louise , Bearcroft Philip WP 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To determine whether a single L1 density threshold can be used to screen all patients undergoing CT at a busy tertiary referral centre for those at risk of osteoporosis.

Methods:
200 patients, who had been randomly selected for an audit of CT reporting of incidental vertebral fractures, had their L1 density measured on 864 routine CT examinations. These had been performed with a variety of kVp and intravenous (i.v.) contrast protocols, reflecting the wide range of imaging indications.

Results:
L1 density measured on thick axial, thin axial or sagittal images had an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (0.996). For the same patients imaged twice within 6 months, there was mean intraexamination L1 density difference of 27.5 HU. Variability due to i.v. contrast medium administration resulted in a mean difference of 24.5 HU. Mean difference due to acquisition kVp was 24.1 HU. Once matched for sex, age, kVp and i.v. contrast, there was a significant difference between the L1 density in patients with vertebral fractures compared to those without fractures (mean 30.19 HU).

Conclusion:
There is significant variability in the L1 vertebral body CT density due to differences in acquisition variables such as kVp and timing post-i.v. contrast medium.

Advances in knowledge:
Previous studies suggested that L1 CT density could be used to screen for osteoporosis. The current study cautions that it is not possible to define a single L1 density threshold for screening, due to the number of variables within a wide range of scanning protocols for different imaging indications in everyday practice.