bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Photocatalytic B−C Coupling via a Boron‐Centered Carboranyl Radical: Facile Synthesis of B(3)‐Arylated o‐Carboranes
Authors: Zhao Da , Xie Zuowei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA visible‐light‐mediated in situ generation of a boron‐centered carboranyl radical (o‐C2B10H11.) has been described. With eosin Y as a photoredox catalyst, 3‐diazonium‐o‐carborane tetrafluoroborate [3‐N2‐o‐C2B10H11][BF4] was converted into the corresponding boron‐centered carboranyl radical intermediate, which can undergo efficient electrophilic substitution reaction with a wide range of (hetero)arenes. This general and simple procedure provides a metal‐free alternative for the synthesis of 3‐(hetero)arylated‐o‐carboranes.
Hydrogen Bonds Dictate the Coordination Geometry of Copper: Characterization of a Square‐Planar Copper(I) Complex
Authors: Dahl Eric W. , Szymczak Nathaniel K. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract6,6′′‐Bis(2,4,6‐trimethylanilido)terpyridine (H2TpyNMes) was prepared as a rigid, tridentate pincer ligand containing pendent anilines as hydrogen bond donor groups in the secondary coordination sphere. The coordination geometry of (H2TpyNMes)copper(I)‐halide (Cl, Br and I) complexes is dictated by the strength of the NH–halide hydrogen bond. The CuICl and CuIICl complexes are nearly isostructural, the former presenting a highly unusual square‐planar geometry about CuI. The geometric constraints provided by secondary interactions are reminiscent of blue copper proteins where a constrained geometry, or entatic state, allows for extremely rapid CuI/CuII electron‐transfer self‐exchange rates. Cu(H2TpyNMes)Cl shows similar fast electron transfer (≈105 m−1 s−1) which is the same order of magnitude as biological systems.
In situ fast polymerization of graphene nanosheets‐filled poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Lan‐Ying , Zhang Yang‐Fei 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTA series of graphene nanosheets‐filled poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites (GNS/PMMA) is successfully prepared by an in situ fast polymerization method with graphene weight fractions from 0.1 to 2.0 wt %. In situ polymerization is effective in well dispersing of GNS in matrixes and suitable for both low and high content of GNS. The synthesis processes of polymer composites could be simplified and fast by using industrial grade graphene. The GNS fillers are found to disperse homogeneously in the PMMA matrix. The maximum electrical conductivity of the composites achieves 0.57 S m−1, with an extremely low percolation threshold of 0.3 wt %. The electrical conductivities are further predicted by percolation theory and found to agree well with the experimental results. The results indicate that the microstructures, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of PMMA polymer are significantly improved by adding a low amount of graphene nanosheets. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43423.
Die Verwendung von Gelenken im Massivbrückenbau
Authors: Veihelmann Karen , Holzer Stefan M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Beurteilung historischer Brücken gewinnt für heutige Ingenieure immer mehr an Wichtigkeit. Oftmals fehlen jedoch die dafür notwendigen Kriterien. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird die Geschichte des Dreigelenkbogens im Massivbrückenbau dargestellt: Während Gelenke im Eisenbau bereits seit den 1860er‐Jahren verwendet wurden, wurden diese im Massivbrückenbau erst deutlich später eingeführt (in Deutschland ab 1880). Zum Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde die Konstruktion mit Gelenken in Deutschland jedoch für größere Brücken zur Standardbauweise. Gründe für den Aufschwung des Dreigelenkbogens bei Massivbrücken waren auf der einen Seite die Vermeidung von Rissen, auf der anderen Seite die Vereinfachung der Berechnung des nunmehr statisch bestimmten Systems. Beginnend mit den ersten Ideen von JULES DUPUIT (1870) und FRIEDRICH HEINZERLING (1872) wird die wissenschaftliche Seite ebenso beleuchtet wie der praktische Einsatz von Gelenken. Die verschiedenen Bauarten früher Gelenke sowie deren Vor‐ und Nachteile werden erläutert, um dem modernen Ingenieur ein Werkzeug zur Hand zu geben, das die heutige Beurteilung einer solchen Brücke erleichtert.Hinges in historic concrete and masonry arches. On the history of the three‐hinged archThe three‐hinged arch, while increasingly common in steel bridge construction from the 1860ies, was introduced more reluctantly into masonry and concrete bridge building. However, by the end of the 19th century, it had found widespread application, particularly in Germany. Considerations of crack prevention as well as ease and consistency of the mechanical modelling of masonry arches were evidently the driving forces behind this development. The present paper describes the history of the hinged vaulted bridge, from the first suggestions by the eminent French engineer JULES DUPUIT (published in 1870) up to the early years of the 20th century. Particular attention is given to temporary and “imperfect” hinges which may be neither visible nor active in the finished state of the bridge, and to the historic development and design of permanent hinges, outlining the range of constructive solutions the modern engineer may encounter when assessing the state of a late 19th century vaulted bridge.
Einheitliches Querkraftmodell zur Bemessung von Stahl‐ und Spannbetonbrücken im Bestand
Authors: Herbrand Martin , Kueres Dominik , Claßen Martin , Hegger Josef 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWährend das Biegetragverhalten von Betonbauteilen sehr genau beschrieben werden kann, ist das Querkrafttragverhalten schubschlanker Bauteile noch immer Gegenstand kontroverser Diskussionen. Für die Bemessungspraxis sind Modelle notwendig, die einfach anwendbar sind und dennoch ausreichend genaue und damit wirtschaftliche Vorhersagen erlauben. Das hier gezeigte einheitliche Querkraftmodell ermöglicht bei der Bemessung einen stetigen Übergang zwischen Bauteilen ohne und mit Querkraftbewehrung. Der Vergleich mit den ACI‐DAfStb‐Querkraftdatenbanken belegt, dass das vorgeschlagene Modell für Bauteile mit Querkraftbewehrung zu deutlich geringeren Streuungen und gleichzeitig einem besseren Sicherheitsniveau im Vergleich zum aktuellen EC2 führt. Insbesondere für Bauteile mit geringen Querkraftbewehrungsgraden ergeben sich hierdurch höhere Tragfähigkeiten, was z.B. für die Nachrechnung von Bestandsbauwerken wie Brücken von Vorteil ist. Die beispielhafte Nachrechnung einer Bestandsbrücke bestätigt die deutliche Steigerung der rechnerischen Querkrafttragfähigkeit für Spannbetonbrücken mit geringen Querkraftbewehrungsgraden.Uniform Shear Design Method for Existing Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete BrigesWhile the flexural bending behavior of concrete structures can be described accurately, the shear behavior of slender beams still is subject of controversial discussions. For design praxis, easy to use and at the same time precise models are necessary to ensure economical design. The proposed uniform shear design procedure provides a continuous transition between beams without and with shear reinforcement. The comparison with the shear databanks of the ACI‐DAfStb confirms that the proposed model provides a strongly reduced coefficient of variation as well as a higher degree of safety in comparison to the current model of EC2. Especially for beams with small amounts of shear reinforcement, higher shear capacities result which is beneficiary for the recalculation of existing structures like bridges. The exemplary recalculation of an existing bridge confirms a notable increase of the shear capacity for prestressed concrete bridges with small amounts of shear reinforcement.
Effects of progesterone on hyperoxia‐induced damage in mouse C8‐D1A astrocytes
Authors: Weber Friederike , Endesfelder Stefanie , Bührer Christoph , Berns Monika 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe birth of most mammals features a dramatic increase in oxygen while placenta‐derived hormones such as β‐estradiol and progesterone plummet. In experimental newborn animals, transiently elevated oxygen concentrations cause death of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursors. High oxygen has been associated with cerebral palsy in human preterm infants while progesterone is being used to prevent preterm delivery and investigated as a neuroprotective agent.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the effects of hyperoxia (80% O2 for 24, 48, and 72 h) on cultured C8‐D1A astrocytes in the presence or absence of progesterone at concentrations ranging from 10−9 to 10−5 mol/L.ResultsHyperoxia measured by methytetrazolium assay (MTT) reduced cell viability, increased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reduced carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)‐assessed cell proliferation, and downregulated Cylin D2 expression. Progesterone did not affect any of these hyperoxia‐mediated indicators of cell death or malfunctioning. Real‐time PCR analysis showed that hyperoxia caused downregulation of the progesterone receptors PR‐AB und PR‐B.ConclusionsOur experiments showed that there was no protective effect of progesterone on hyperoxia‐inducted cell damage on mouse C8‐D1A astrocytes. Down regulation of the progesterone receptors might be linked to the lack of protective effects.
High‐risk older smokers' perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs about lung cancer screening
Authors: Cataldo Janine K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe US Preventive Services Task Force recommends that smokers aged 55–80 should be screened annually with low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT). This study identified demographics, smoking history, health risk perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes factors of older smokers (≥55 years) related to LDCT agreement. Using binary logistic regression, a predictive model of factors to explain LDCT agreement was produced. This is a cross‐sectional, national, online survey of 338 older smokers (≥55 years) with a ≥30 pack‐year smoking history. Over 82% of the sample believed that a person who continues to smoke after the age of 40 has at least a 25% chance of developing lung cancer and 77.3% would “agree to a LDCT today”. Using chi‐square analyses, six variables that were significant at the 0.10 level were selected for inclusion in model development. Four of the independent variables made a unique statistically significant contribution to the model: perceives accuracy of the LDCT as an important factor in the decision to have a LDCT scan; believes that early detection of LC will result in a good prognosis; believes that they are at high risk for lung cancer; and is not afraid of CT scans. Of note, only 10.9% believed that a negative CT scan result would mean that they could continue to smoke. Older smokers are aware of the risks of smoking, are interested in smoking cessation, and most are interested in and positive about LDCT. Cognitive aspects of participation in screening are key to increasing the uptake of lung cancer screening among high‐risk smokers.
Prognostic impact of the residual SYNTAX score on in‐hospital outcomes in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Khan Razi , Al‐Hawwas Malek , Hatem Raja , Azzalini Lorenzo , Fortier Annik , Joliecoeur E. Marc , Tanguay Jean‐Francois , Lavoie‐L'Allier Philippe , Ly Hung Q. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesThis study sought to assess the impact of residual coronary artery disease (CAD), using the residual SYNTAX score (rSS), on in‐hospital outcomes after primary percutaneous intervention (PPCI). The study also aimed to determine independent predictors for high rSS. Residual CAD has been associated with worsened prognosis in patients undergoing PCI for non‐ST acute coronary syndromes. The rSS is a systematic angiographic score that measures the extent and complexity of residual CAD after PCI.Materials and MethodsData from 243 consecutive patients undergoing PPCI for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were analyzed. The rSS was derived from post‐PPCI angiography. Patients were dichotomized into low (<8) and high rSS (≥8) groups and outcomes were compared between groups. The primary outcome of net adverse cardiovascular events (NACE) consisted of a composite of in‐hospital death, congestive heart failure (CHF), recurrent MI and bleeding.ResultsThe mean rSS was 4.7 (±7.2). A high rSS was associated with the primary outcome (P < 0.0001), in‐hospital death (P = 0.0026), periprocedural death (P < 0.0001), CHF (P < 0.0004) and acute kidney injury (P < 0.0019). A high rSS was also an independent predictor of the primary outcome with an OR of 3.82. Independent predictors of a high rSS included a history of diabetes (OR 2.8), previous MI (OR 5.75), 2‐vessel disease (VD) (OR 15.48, vs. 1‐VD) and 3‐VD (OR 57.06, vs. 1‐VD).ConclusionsResidual CAD, as assessed by the rSS, confers a worsened prognosis in patients undergoing PPCI. Diabetes, previous MI and multi‐vessel disease were independent predictors of a high rSS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photocatalytic Activity Evolution of Different Morphological TiO2 Shells on Ag Nanowires
Authors: Jia Changchao , Yang Ping , Li Jia , Huang Baibiao , Matras‐Postolek Katarzyna 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAg nanowire@TiO2 (Ag NW@TiO2) heterostructures with core–shell, necklace‐like, and particle‐decorated morphologies were fabricated to investigate the evolution of the photocatalytic properties. The deposition of the TiO2 phase on the surface of the Ag NWs was achieved through a solvothermal method. Thioglycolic acid (TGA) not only solves the tricky issue of substantial lattice mismatch between the Ag NW core and TiO2 shell, but also plays an important role in precisely controlling how the TiO2 is coated on the Ag NW surface. H2O molecules affect the deposition of the TiO2 phase on the Ag NWs. The photocatalytic activity of the Ag NW@TiO2 heterostructures with different morphologies was evaluated by degradation of methyl orange. The molar ratio of TiO2 to Ag is crucial for the photocatalytic activity, and the Ag NW@TiO2 sample with core–shell structure exhibits an excellent performance compared with the others, owing to the TiO2 phase being densely attached to the Ag NW surface, which forms a well‐developed combined interface.
Arylmalonate Decarboxylase‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Optically Pure Flurbiprofen
Authors: Gaßmeyer Sarah Katharina , Wetzig Jasmin , Mügge Carolin , Assmann Miriam , Enoki Junichi , Hilterhaus Lutz , Zuhse Ralf , Miyamoto Kenji , Liese Andreas , Kourist Robert 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe bacterial decarboxylase (AMDase) catalyzes the enantioselective decarboxylation of prochiral arylmalonates with high enantioselectivity. Although this reaction would provide a highly sustainable synthesis of active pharmaceutical compounds such as flurbiprofen or naproxen, competing spontaneous decarboxylation has so far prevented the catalytic application of AMDase. Here, we report on reaction engineering and an alternate protection group strategy for the synthesis of these compounds that successfully suppresses the side reaction and provides pure arylmalonic acids for subsequent enzymatic conversion. Protein engineering increased the activity of the synthesis of the (S)‐ and (R)‐enantiomers of flurbiprofen. These results demonstrated the importance of synergistic effects in the optimization of this decarboxylase. The asymmetric synthesis of both enantiomers in high optical purity (>99 %) and yield (>90 %) can be easily integrated into existing industrial syntheses of flurbiprofen, thus providing a sustainable method for the production of this important pharmaceutical ingredient.
Probing the Structural Changes and Redox Behavior of Mixed Molybdate Catalysts under Ammoxidation Conditions: An Operando Raman Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Engeldinger Jana , Radnik Jörg , Kreyenschulte Carsten , Devred François , Gaigneaux Eric M. , Fischer Achim , Zanthoff Horst‐Werner , Bentrup Ursula 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMixed model molybdate catalysts that contain CoMoO4, Bi2Mo3O12, and Fe2Mo3O12 were investigated in the ammoxidation reaction of propene to acrylonitrile to study the redox behavior of the iron molybdate component. The flexible changes of the oxidation state of the Fe component during ammoxidation were followed by examining the intensity changes of the characteristic bands of Fe2Mo3O12 and FeMoO4 in the Raman spectra and could be correlated with the catalyst performance examined by simultaneous MS analysis. Depending on the catalyst composition and the oxygen content in the feed, Fe2Mo3O12 is reduced to a different extent, and consequently, FeMoO4 is formed, which is accompanied by a restructuring of the catalyst and the formation of nanostructured MoOx species. In accordance with previous investigations, operando Raman studies revealed that CoMoO4 and Bi2Mo3O12 influence the redox behavior of Fe2Mo3O12 in different ways.
Base‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Fluorenes from Aromatic ortho‐Dialdehydes and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Seo Ue Ryung , Chung Young Keun , Lee Chulbom 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA synthetic route for the preparation of unsymmetrically polysubstituted fluorenes was developed through the base‐catalyzed one‐pot domino reactions of aromatic ortho‐dialdehydes with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds. This protocol provides expeditious access to indene‐fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as the benzo[b]fluorene and 13H‐indeno[1,2‐b]anthracene skeletons.
Chemical Surface Characterization of Activated Carbons by Adsorption Excess of Probe Molecules
Authors: Treese Julian , Pasel Christoph , Luckas Michael , Bathen Dieter 
Published: January 2016

AbstractActivated carbons are one of the most common industrial adsorbents in liquid‐phase applications. It is known that the surface groups of the activated carbon can have a significant influence on the adsorption process from the liquid phase. Therefore, it is desirable to measure surface groups on activated carbons. This opens up the possibility to use group‐contribution methods to model and predict adsorption isotherms. An idea is presented to characterize the inner surface of activated carbons by three types of surface groups: aromatic, polar, and nonpolar surface groups. The amounts of these surface groups were calculated from excess adsorption isotherms of probe molecules on ten activated carbons. This lays the groundwork for further simulation studies of liquid‐phase adsorption using group‐contribution methods.
Patient‐reported outcomes, body composition, and nutrition status in patients with head and neck cancer: Results from an exploratory randomized controlled exercise trial
Authors: Capozzi Lauren C. , McNeely Margaret L. , Lau Harold Y. , Reimer Raylene A. , Giese‐Davis Janine , Fung Tak S. , Culos‐Reed S. Nicole 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDPatients with head and neck cancer experience loss of weight and muscle mass, decreased functioning, malnutrition, depression, and declines in quality of life during and after treatment. The purpose of this exploratory randomized study was to determine the optimal timing for the initiation of a lifestyle and progressive resistance exercise training intervention (during or after radiation therapy), as determined by intervention adherence and by comparing between‐group outcomes across 24 weeks.METHODSSixty patients with head and neck cancer were randomized to engage in a 12‐week lifestyle intervention and progressive resistance‐training program either during radiation treatment or immediately after completion. The primary outcome of body composition—specifically, lean body mass, body mass index, and body fat—as well as secondary outcomes of fitness, quality of life, depression, and nutrition status were evaluated.RESULTSThe progressive resistance‐training intervention carried out during treatment did not significantly influence the primary outcome of body composition, despite a significant increase in weekly physical activity reported by the intervention group. A small‐to‐medium intervention effect was noted for some secondary outcomes, including fitness, quality of life, and nutrition status. Regardless of whether patients received the immediate or delayed progressive resistance‐training intervention, the analysis revealed a main effect of time on body composition, fitness, quality of life, depression, and nutritional scores.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the intervention during treatment did not reduce the loss of lean body mass, delaying the exercise program until after treatment completion was associated with improved intervention adherence, a finding with important clinical implications. Cancer 2016;122:1185–200. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Bevacizumab beyond disease progression after first‐line treatment with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy in advanced nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer (West Japan Oncology Group 5910L): An open‐label, randomized, phase 2 trial
Authors: Takeda Masayuki , Yamanaka Takeharu , Seto Takashi , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Azuma Koichi , Okada Morihito , Sugawara Shunichi , Daga Haruko , Hirashima Tomonori , Yonesaka Kimio , Urata Yoshiko , Murakami Haruyasu , Saito Haruhiro , Kubo Akihito , Sawa Toshiyuki , Miyahara Eiji , Nogami Naoyuki , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Nakanishi Yoichi , Okamoto Isamu 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDBevacizumab combined with platinum‐based chemotherapy has been established as a standard treatment option in the first‐line setting for advanced nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there has been no evidence to support the use of bevacizumab beyond disease progression in such patients.METHODSWest Japan Oncology Group 5910L was designed as a multicenter, open‐label, randomized, phase 2 trial of docetaxel versus docetaxel plus bevacizumab every 3 weeks for patients with recurrent or metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC whose disease had progressed after first‐line treatment with bevacizumab plus a platinum‐based doublet. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS).RESULTSOne hundred patients were randomly assigned to receive docetaxel (n = 50) or docetaxel plus bevacizumab (n = 50), and this yielded median PFS times of 3.4 and 4.4 months, respectively, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.71 and a stratified log‐rank P value of .058, which met the predefined criterion for statistical significance (P < .2). The median overall survival also tended to be longer in the docetaxel plus bevacizumab group (13.1 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.6‐21.4 months) versus the docetaxel group (11.0 months; 95% CI, 7.6‐16.1 months) with an HR of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.46‐1.19; stratified log‐rank P = .11). No unexpected or severe adverse events were recorded.CONCLUSIONSFurther evaluation of bevacizumab beyond disease progression is warranted for patients with advanced NSCLC whose disease has progressed after treatment with bevacizumab plus a platinum‐based doublet. Cancer 2016;122:1050–1059. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Switchable Hydrophobic Valve for Controlled Microfluidic Processing
Authors: Biswas Gokul Chandra , Watanabe Takahiro , Carlen Edwin T. , Yokokawa Masatoshi , Suzuki Hiroaki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA simple microfluidic valve, without any moving parts, is presented that can control solution flow on demand in microchannels of many different materials using a low‐power electric signal. Many independently operating valves can easily be integrated into complex microfluidic systems. The valve consists of a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) formed on a platinum electrode that is incorporated directly in the microchannel. The normally‐on valve stops the solution flow due to a hydrophobic SAM on the electrode surface. The solution is allowed to pass the valve by applying a potential to the electrode, which removes the SAM due to reductive desorption. The valve operation is highly stable and has switching times of the order of 1 s. The valve is ideal for controlled solution manipulation in integrated micro‐analytical systems and autonomous microfluidic systems.