bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
System-level and patient-level explanations for non-attendance at diabetic retinopathy screening in Sutton and Merton (London, UK): a qualitative analysis of a service evaluation
Authors: Strutton R , Du Chemin A , Stratton I M , Forster A S 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesNon-attendance at diabetic retinopathy screening has financial implications for screening programmes and potential clinical costs to patients. We sought to identify explanations for why patients had never attended a screening appointment (never attendance) in one programme.DesignQualitative analysis of a service evaluation.SettingOne South London (UK) diabetic eye screening programme.Participants and procedurePatients who had been registered with one screening programme for at least 18 months and who had never attended screening within the programme were contacted by telephone to ascertain why this was the case. Patients’ general practices were also contacted for information about why each patient may not have attended. Framework analysis was used to interpret responses.ResultsOf the 296 patients, 38 were not eligible for screening and of the 258 eligible patients, 159 were not contactable (31 of these had phone numbers that were not in use). We obtained reasons from patients/general practices/clinical notes for non-attendance for 146 (57%) patients. A number of patient-level and system-level factors were given to explain non-attendance. Patient-level factors included having other commitments, being anxious about screening, not engaging with any diabetes care and being misinformed about screening. System-level factors included miscommunication about where the patient lives, their clinical situation and practical problems that could have been overcome had their existence been shared between programmes.ConclusionsThis service evaluation provides unique insight into the patient-level and system-level reasons for never attendance at diabetic retinopathy screening. Improved sharing of relevant information between providers has the potential to facilitate increased uptake of screening. Greater awareness of patient-level barriers may help providers offer a more accessible service.
Why take the chance? A qualitative grounded theory study of nocturnal haemodialysis recipients who decline kidney transplantation
Authors: Rosenthal Meagen M , Molzahn Anita E , Chan Christopher T , Cockfield Sandra L , Kim S Joseph , Pauly Robert P 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the factors that influence decision-making to forgo transplantation in favour of remaining on nocturnal haemodialysis (NHD).DesignA grounded theory approach using in-depth telephone interviewing was used.SettingParticipants were identified from 2 tertiary care renal programmes in Canada.ParticipantsThe study participants were otherwise eligible patients with end-stage renal disease who have opted to remain off of the transplant list. A total of 7 eligible participants were interviewed. 5 were male. The mean age was 46 years.AnalysisA constant comparative method of analysis was used to identify a core category and factors influencing the decision-making process.ResultsIn this grounded theory study of people receiving NHD who refused kidney transplantation, the core category of ‘why take a chance when things are going well?’ was identified, along with 4 factors that influenced the decision including ‘negative past experience’, ‘feeling well on NHD’, ‘gaining autonomy’ and ‘responsibility’.ConclusionsThis study provides insight into patients' thought processes surrounding an important treatment decision. Such insights might help the renal team to better understand, and thereby respect, patient choice in a patient-centred care paradigm. Findings may also be useful in the development of education programmes addressing the specific concerns of this population of patients.
IgG is involved in the migration and invasion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Sheng Zhengzuo , Liu Yang , Qin Caipeng , Liu Zhenhua , Yuan Yeqing , Hu FengZhan , Du Yiqing , Yin Huaqi , Qiu Xiaoyan , Xu Tao 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE:To investigate if IgG can be expressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (cRCC) , and the expression of IgG is involved in the cancer progression. If IgG expression can serve as a potential target in cancer therapies and be used for judging the prognosis.MATERIALS AND METHODS:By immunohistochemistry, we detected IgG in cRCC tissues(75 cRCC tissues and75 adjacent normal kidney tissues). Immunofluorescence and Western blot was used to detect the IgG in cRCC cell lines (786-0, ACHN and CAKI-I). By RT-PCR, the functional transcript of IgG heavy chain was detected. Knockdown of IgG was to analyze the proliferation, migration and invasion ability by CCK8, Transwell and Matrigel and apoptosis in cRCC cell lines.RESULTS:By immunohistochemistry, we found strong staining of IgG in 66 cases of 75 cRCC tissues and 63 cases of 75 adjacent normal kidney tissues. Immunofluorescence and Western blot was found IgG in cRCC cell lines. Knock-down IgG in cRCC cell lines resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and the induction of apoptosis of the 786-0 cells. The immunohistochemistry analysis showed that high IgG expression significantly correlated with the poor differentiation and advanced stage of cRCC.CONCLUSION:IgG was over expressed in cRCC and was involved in the proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. IgG expression may serve as a potential target in cancer therapies and could be used for judging the prognosis.
Bone marrow findings in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: prominent haemophagocytosis and its implication in haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Kim Namhee , Kim Kye-Hyung , Lee Su Jin , Park Sang-Hyuk , Kim In-Suk , Lee Eun Yup , Yi Jongyoun 
Published: May 2016

AimsSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by the SFTS virus; primary manifestations are fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and gastrointestinal symptoms. Before an aetiological diagnosis is made, SFTS patients can undergo bone marrow examination due to cytopenias. Although several studies have reported on bone marrow examination in SFTS patients, most do not provide adequate details. Bone marrow findings in SFTS patients were investigated in this study.MethodsAn observational study was conducted in SFTS patients who were hospitalised between 2013 and 2014 in two university hospitals in South Korea. Patients were included in the study if SFTS was confirmed by real-time PCR for the SFTS virus and a bone marrow examination was conducted. The morphologic findings of the bone marrow samples were reviewed.ResultsThree cases met the study inclusion criteria. One patient died of multiple organ failure. Haemophagocytosis was evident in the bone marrow samples of all three patients. Histiocytic hyperplasia and haemophagocytosis were more pronounced in the fatal case. One patient was diagnosed as having haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.ConclusionsHaemophagocytosis in the bone marrow of SFTS patients may be common. In SFTS endemic areas, SFTS should be one of the differential diagnoses of fever of unknown origin with haemophagocytosis in the bone marrow.
Weakly externally hyperconvex subsets and hyperconvex gluings
Authors: Miesch Benjamin , Pavón Maël 
Published: May 2016

We give a necessary and sufficient condition under which gluings of hyperconvex metric spaces along weakly externally hyperconvex subsets are hyperconvex. This leads to a full characterization of hyperconvex gluings of two isometric copies of the same hyperconvex space. Furthermore, we investigate the case of gluings of finite dimensional hyperconvex linear spaces along linear subspaces. For this purpose, we characterize the weakly externally hyperconvex subsets of [Formula: see text] endowed with the maximum norm.
P2Y12 receptor inhibition and effect of morphine in patients undergoing primary PCI for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Silvain Johanne , Storey Robert F. , Cayla Guillaume , Esteve Jean-Baptiste , Dillinger Jean-Guillaume , Rousseau Hélène , Tsatsaris Anne , Baradat Caroline , Salhi Néjoua , Hamm Christian W. , Lapostolle Frédéric , Lassen Jens Flensted , Collet Jean-Philippe , ten Berg Jurrien M. , van ’t Hof Arnoud W. , Montalescot Gilles 
Published: May 2016

SummaryPRIVATE-ATLANTIC (P2Y12 Receptor Inhibition with VASP Testing using Elisa kit during the ATLANTIC study) is a pre-specified substudy of the randomised, double-blind ATLANTIC trial in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, designed to help interpret the main trial results. The primary objective of ATLANTIC was to assess coronary reperfusion prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with pre- vs in-hospital ticagrelor 180 mg loading dose (LD). PRIVATE-ATLANTIC assessed platelet inhibition in 37 patients by measurement of vasodilator-associated stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) platelet reactivity index (PRI) and VerifyNow platelet reactivity units (PRU) before angiogram (T1), immediately after PCI (T2), 1 (T3), and 6 (T4) hours (h) after PCI, and before next study drug administration (T5). The median time difference between the two ticagrelor LD was 41 minutes. Platelet reactivity was unaffected at T1 when measured by VASP-PRI (89.8 vs 93.9% for pre- and in-hospital ticagrelor, respectively; p = 0.18) or PRU (239 vs 241; p = 0.82). Numerical differences were apparent at T2 and maximal at T3. Morphine administration significantly delayed onset of platelet inhibition at T3 (VASP-PRI 78.2 vs 23.4% without morphine; p = 0.0116) and T4 (33.1 vs 11.0%; p = 0.0057). In conclusion, platelet inhibition in ATLANTIC was unaffected by pre-hospital ticagrelor administration at the time of initial angiogram due to the short transfer delay. The maximum difference in platelet inhibition was detected 1 h after PCI (T3). Morphine administration was associated with delayed onset of action of ticagrelor and appeared more important than timing of ticagrelor administration.
Topographic distribution of white matter changes and lacunar infarcts in neurodegenerative and vascular dementia syndromes: A post-mortem 7.0-tesla magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: De Reuck Jacques , Auger Florent , Durieux Nicolas , Cordonnier Charlotte , Deramecourt Vincent , Pasquier Florence , Maurage Claude-Alain , Leys Didier , Bordet Regis 
Published: May 2016

Background White matter changes and lacunar infarcts are regarded as linked to the same underlying small-vessel pathology. On magnetic resonance imaging, white matter changes are frequently observed, while the number of lacunar infarcts is probably underestimated. The present study post-mortem 7.0-tesla magnetic resonance imaging study compares the severity and the distribution of white matter changes and lacunar infarcts in different neurodegenerative and vascular dementia syndromes in order to determine their impact on the disease evolution. Patients and methods Eighty-four post-mortem brains consisting of 15 patients with pure Alzheimer’s disease and 12 with associated cerebral amyloid angiopathy, 14 patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration, 7 with Lewy body dementia, 10 with progressive supranuclear palsy, 14 with vascular dementia and 12 control brains were examined. Six hemispheric coronal sections of each brain underwent 7.0-tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Location and severity of white matter changes and lacunar infarcts were evaluated semi-quantitatively in each section separately. Results White matter changes predominated in the prefrontal and frontal sections of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and in the post-central section of associated cerebral amyloid angiopathy brains, while overall increased in vascular dementia cases. Lacunar infarcts were more frequent in the vascular dementia brains and mainly increased in the centrum semiovale. Conclusions White matter changes have a different topographic distribution in neurodegenerative diseases and are most severe and extended in vascular dementia. Lacunar infarcts predominate in the deep white matter of vascular dementia compared to the neurodegenerative diseases. Vascular cognitive impairment is mainly linked to white matter changes due to chronic ischaemia as well as to lacunar infarcts due to small-vessel occlusion.
Lipid-lowering properties of protein-rich mucuna product
Authors: Ngatchic Josiane Therese Metsagang , Njintang NicolasYanou , Bernard Clemence , Oben Julius , Mbofung Carl Moses 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of protein-rich mucuna product (PRMP) on lipid parameters of hyperlipidemic rats.

Methods
Hyperlipidemia was induced in male rats for 3 weeks through high-fat diet. After induction, 30 hyperlipidemic rats were divided into five groups of six rats: control group (CG) received casein and four groups received PRMP as protein source at different proportions: 8.2, 16.4, 24.6, and 32.8 % corresponding, respectively, to 25, 50, 75, and 100 % substitution of casein in the diet for 3 weeks. Lipid and oxidative stress parameters of rats were assessed.

Results
There were no significant differences in food intake and body weight loss among the experimental groups. The concentrations of the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were lower in groups fed on PRMP 50, 75, and 100 % than in the CG group (p < 0.05). Histological analysis of the liver revealed that animals fed on PRMP diets presented a lower level of steatosis than the CG group. The most significant reduction of lipid parameters was obtained when PRMP was used as unique source of protein (PRMP 100 %). PRMP also influenced oxidative stress parameters as evidenced by a decrease in malondialdehyde and an increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrated that PRMP exerts hypolipidemic effect; it has a metabolic effect on endogenous cholesterol metabolism and a protector effect on the development of hepatic steatosis. Our results also suggest that PRMP could manage metabolic diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Beverages characterize the nutritional profile of Brazilian adolescents’ breakfast
Authors: dos Santos Correa Alline , Rodrigues Paulo Rogério Melo , Monteiro Luana Silva , de Souza Rita Adriana Gomes , Sichieri Rosely , Pereira Rosangela Alves 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background
The breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and its quality is essential for children and adolescents to maintain proper health condition. However, the nutritional composition of breakfast remains poorly studied. The aim of this study was to characterize the nutritional quality of Brazilian adolescents’ breakfast.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in 2005, including 1133 students from public schools, between 10 and 14 years old, in Niterói, Brazil. Information regarding breakfast consumption was obtained using 24-h dietary recall. Cluster analysis was applied to characterize the breakfast nutritional profiles.

Results
Of the sample, 16 % did not have breakfast on the survey day, and skipping breakfast was more frequent among overweight than among of normal-weight individuals (20 vs. 15 %; P = 0.04) as well as among those studying in the morning shift compared to adolescents studying in the afternoon shift (18 vs. 10 %; P < 0.01). The mean daily energy, macronutrient, calcium, and vitamin A intakes were significantly higher among individuals who had breakfast compared with those who did not. The breakfast contribution to the daily energy intake was, on average, of 18 %. The food profile analysis showed that breakfast could be characterized by the type of beverage consumed in the meal, and five eating profiles were identified: “Coffee or tea,” “Milk or milk-based beverages,” “Sugar-sweetened beverages,” “No beverage consumption,” and “More than one type of beverage”.

Conclusions
The dietary breakfast choices were related with the daily energy and nutrient intake and the type of beverage characterized the breakfast food selection among Brazilian adolescents.
Collaborative Pediatric Bone Tumor Program to Improve Access to Specialized Care: An Initiative by the Lebanese Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Saab Raya , Merabi Zeina , Abboud Miguel R. , Muwakkit Samar , Noun Peter , Gemayel Gladys , Bechara Elie , Khalifeh Hassan , Farah Roula , Kabbara Nabil , El-Khoury Tarek , Al-Yousef Rasha , Haidar Rachid , Saghieh Said , Eid Toufic , Akel Samir , Khoury Nabil , Bayram Layal , Krasin Matthew J. , Jeha Sima , El-Solh Hassan 
Published: May 2016

Background Children with malignant bone tumors have average 5-year survival rates of 60% to 70% with current multimodality therapy. Local control modalities aimed at preserving function greatly influence the quality of life of long-term survivors. In developing countries, the limited availability of multidisciplinary care and limited expertise in specialized surgery and pediatric radiation therapy, as well as financial cost, all form barriers to achieving optimal outcomes in this population. Methods We describe the establishment of a collaborative pediatric bone tumor program among a group of pediatric oncologists in Lebanon and Syria. This program provides access to specialized local control at a tertiary children’s cancer center to pediatric patients with newly diagnosed bone tumors at participating sites. Central review of pathology, staging, and treatment planning is performed in a multidisciplinary tumor board setting. Patients receive chemotherapy at their respective centers on a unified treatment plan. Surgery and/or radiation therapy are performed centrally by specialized staff at the children’s cancer center. Cost barriers were resolved through a program development initiative led by St Jude Children’s Research Hospital. Once program feasibility was achieved, the Children’s Cancer Center of Lebanon Foundation, via fundraising efforts, provided continuation of program-directed funding. Results Findings over a 3-year period showed the feasibility of this project, with timely local control and protocol adherence at eight collaborating centers. We report success in providing standard-of-care multidisciplinary therapy to this patient population with complex needs and financially challenging surgical procedures. Conclusion This initiative can serve as a model, noting that facilitating access to specialized multidisciplinary care, resolution of financial barriers, and close administrative coordination all greatly contributed to the success of the program.
About the use of the recognition algorithm of the text in database
Authors: Хромушин  , Khromushin Oleg , Хромушин  , Khromushin Viktor , Китанина  , Kitanina K. 
Published: May 2016

This article presents the features of the use of the recognition algorithm of the text by method &#34;slitherring widening window&#34; for coding the plural reasons to deaths. The used algorithm dynamically &#34;adjusts&#34; degree of the coincidence and finds the most similar variant, as well as allows to recognize the text with grammatical errors and with ceased word in wording of the reason to deaths.
The authors propose three variants to realization of the recognition algorithm of the text, that increase the speed of action. The first variant is based on the elimination of one of its replacement cycle by calculating the simultaneous windows with different sizes (1 to 16). The second variant is based on the pre-filter, for example, by scanning three letters, and the use of the intermediate base for receiving the filtered information. This option allows you to reduce the amount of sorted data and thereby increases performance. The third variant based on the filtering, involves sorting information in the query executed on the basis of previous information query filtration. The advantages and disadvantages identified for each option. The results were evaluated on the speed of action and accuracy of recognition. In this framework, there were 8472 languages used for encoding of multiple causes of death.
The described analysis is useful in developing a software module used to register mortality. It is recom-mended the third option, based on the filter, to implement the language Visual C ++.
Cell damage in diabetes mellitus caused by excessive action of insulin
Authors: Макишева  , Makisheva R. 
Published: May 2016

In many scientific works the conclusion about the adaptive significance of insulin resistance was formed. There is evidence that insulin hypersecretion may precede and cause insulin resistance. In this regard, a reason is important that forces the organism to reduce the sensitivity of tissues to insulin. In the present review, the authors propose to discuss the issues, which are the tissues with diabetes vulnerable to damage. Where must push glucose during intensive therapy of diabetes mellitus, aimed at euglycemia? The vulnerability of cells is determined by the degree of sensitivity, the volume of blood perfusion, the functional significance of the tissue. The sensitivity of the cells is determined by tissue type; its functional activity; share of the total integrated activity of the organism; functional reserve capacity; degree of energy and plastic deficit.
Excess effect of insulin on the tissue is hypoxia and accumulation of glycogen. Insulin therapy does not prevent development of degenerative lesions in the kidneys, brain, retina and heart muscle. In terms of complex treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 and normalization of carbohydrate metabolism does not occur full repara-tion of membrane systems due to the continuity of intensive insulin therapy. Prolonged exposure to insulin in excessive doses leads to damage accumulation and the development of complications makes the disease incurable. The need to develop mechanisms to protect cells from damage is evident. The authors suggest that to reduce the tension caused by hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance is not sufficient. Damage triggers compensatory mechanisms. The practice of continuous use of high doses of insulin to overcome insulin resistance should be terminated. It is necessary to revise the indications for insulin therapy and its duration.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Home‐Based Hormonal Contraceptive Dispensing for Women At Risk of Unintended Pregnancy
Authors: Melnick Alan L. , Rdesinski Rebecca E. , Marino Miguel , Jacob‐Files Elizabeth , Gipson Teresa , Kuyl Marni , Dexter Eve , Olds David 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCONTEXTWomen frequently experience barriers to obtaining effective contraceptives from clinic‐based providers. Allowing nurses to dispense hormonal methods during home visits may be a way to reduce barriers and improve ‐effective contraceptive use.METHODSBetween 2009 and 2013, a sample of 337 low‐income, pregnant clients of a nurse home‐visit program in Washington State were randomly selected to receive either usual care or enhanced care in which nurses were permitted to provide hormonal contraceptives postpartum. Participants were surveyed at baseline and every three months postpartum for up to two years. Longitudinal Poisson mixed‐effects regression analysis was used to examine group differences in gaps in effective contraceptive use, and survival analysis was used to examine time until a subsequent pregnancy.RESULTSCompared with usual care participants, enhanced care participants had an average of 9.6 fewer days not covered by effective contraceptive use during the 90 days following a first birth (52.6 vs. 62.2). By six months postpartum, 50% of usual care participants and 39% of enhanced care participants were using a long‐acting reversible contraceptive (LARC). In analyses excluding LARC use, enhanced care participants had an average of 14.2 fewer days not covered by effective contraceptive use 0–3 months postpartum (65.0 vs. 79.2) and 15.7 fewer uncovered days 4–6 months postpartum (39.2 vs. 54.9).CONCLUSIONHome dispensing of hormonal contraceptives may improve women's postpartum contraceptive use and should be explored as an intervention in communities where contraceptives are not easily accessible.