bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Aspects of the Biology of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Authors: Dąbrowska D. , Jabłońska E. , Garley M. , Ratajczak‐Wrona W. , Iwaniuk A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) discovered in 2004 by Volker Brinkmann and Arturo Zychlinsky cast a new light on the role of neutrophils in the non‐specific immune response of the body. This discovery has resulted in the rapid development of neutrophil studies in different bacterial and autoimmune diseases as well as neoplasms. Research is also being performed on the role of different signalling pathways engaged in the induction of NETosis, a unique form of a programmed cell death leading to the creation of NETs. The literature provides information on the structure and composition of neutrophil extracellular traps. This review presents the latest data on NET formation and the role of their key components, as well as describing the intracellular signalling pathways leading to the generation of NETs that have been discovered.
The Community Reclaims Control? Learning Experiences from Rural Broadband Initiatives in the Netherlands
Authors: Salemink Koen , Strijker Dirk , Bosworth Gary 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBased on four illustrative case studies from the Netherlands, this article discusses learning experiences gained from rural broadband initiatives. As an example of ‘the big society’ (or ‘participatiesamenleving’ in Dutch), initiatives try to step in where the market and the government fail. The main struggle seems to be negotiating between market and government interests, while simultaneously safeguarding local interests. Many challenges and frustrations arise from counter‐tactics on the part of national market players, and governmentality‐inspired actions of regional and local authorities. Local capacity – such as social, intellectual, and financial capital – proves to be crucial in negotiating external influences, but it is easily overburdened. Case studies show that volunteer burnout is a risk that potentially has a high impact. Despite neoliberal agendas and community‐led development schemes that promote citizen initiatives, it remains challenging for communities to reclaim control over their digital futures. Members of the initiatives have to learn and professionalise in order to stand their ground in a competitive and complex broadband market, but this learning element seems to be only a by‐product of the process towards achieving the tangible result for rural development, that is, high‐speed broadband access.
The relationship between farmer opinion of suitable conditions for nutrient application, soil moisture deficit and weather
Authors: Kerebel A. , Holden N. M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSlurry spreading is a beneficial nutrient recycling activity on livestock farms, but nutrients may be lost to the environment. On‐farm decision support based on the Hybrid Soil Moisture Deficit Model and weather data has the potential to forecast when conditions are best for slurry application. Such an approach will only be accepted by farmer–stakeholders if it is consistent with scientific evidence. The objective of this article was to establish whether farmers have a broadly similar opinion of soil and weather conditions suitable for slurry spreading as those derived from the water balance approach. A mobile phone short message service (SMS) survey permitted rapid and efficient collection of information from farmers in relation to trafficability, weather forecast, nutrient efficiency and storage limitations. Farmers’ response followed seasonal trends, with spring and summer the being the best seasons for nutrient utilization while their view of inappropriate conditions for spreading was consistent with restrictions imposed by current legislation in Ireland. However, the winter ban on nutrient spreading had the adverse effect of encouraging farmers to spread slurry just before and immediately after the closed period when application is prohibited. In general, farmers have similar reasons for their management decisions but they may need further assistance with the forecast of soil moisture and weather conditions at critical times.
Collaborative personalized multi‐criteria wayfinding for wheelchair users in outdoors
Authors: Hashemi Mahdi , Karimi Hassan A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWhile finding the optimal route for users with physical disabilities and personalizing routes for each user, on the one hand, and collaborative wayfinding, on the other hand, have been addressed in the pedestrian navigation systems literature, there has not been much research on combining the two activities. The problem associated with wayfinding approaches solely based on information about network segments and personal preferences is that the information about segments in the database may not, correctly and/or adequately address user preferences. The problem associated with wayfinding approaches solely based on the ratings given to routes by wheelchair users is the lack of rates (or scores) for all possible routes between all possible origin‐destination pairs in the network. This article discusses an approach to combine these two approaches for wayfinding to augment each other's shortcomings. To evaluate the personalized wayfinding approach, we utilize a route index, called a comparison index. The results show that with a P‐value of 9%, the routes obtained from our approach are more accessible than the routes obtained from another approach developed in another study. To evaluate the collaborative wayfinding approach, a Monte Carlo simulation was conducted which reflects the updates in routes as users' feedbacks become available.
Hepatitis E virus RNA in Australian blood donations
Authors: Shrestha Ashish C. , Flower Robert L.P. , Seed Clive R. , Keller Anthony J. , Harley Robert , Chan Hiu‐Tat , Hoad Veronica , Warrilow David , Northill Judith , Holmberg Jerry A. , Faddy Helen M. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDHepatitis E virus (HEV) poses a risk to transfusion safety. In Australia, locally acquired HEV is rare and cases are mainly reported in travelers returning from countries endemic for HEV. The risk posed by HEV to transfusion safety in Australia is unknown; therefore, we aimed to measure the rate of current HEV infection in Australian blood donations.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 14,799 blood donations were tested for HEV RNA by transcription‐mediated amplification, with confirmatory testing by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Viral load quantification and phylogenetic analysis was performed on HEV RNA–positive samples.RESULTSOne (0.0068%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0002%‐0.0376%) sample was confirmed positive for HEV RNA, resulting in a risk of collecting a HEV‐viremic donation of 1 in 14,799 (95% CI, 1 in 584,530 to 1 in 2,657). The viral load in this sample was approximately 15,000 IU/mL, and it was determined to be Genotype 3.DISCUSSIONOur finding of 1 in 14,799 Australian donations positive for HEV RNA is lower than that from many other developed countries; this is consistent with the relatively low seroprevalence in Australia. As this HEV RNA–positive sample was Genotype 3, it seems likely that this infection was acquired through zoonotic transmission, either within Australia or overseas in a developed nation. HEV has the potential to pose a risk to transfusion safety in Australia; however, additional, larger studies are required to quantify the magnitude of this risk.
Do High‐Skill Immigrants trigger High‐Quality Trade?
Authors: Giovannetti Giorgia , Lanati Mauro 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the links between product quality and the pro‐trade effect of ethnic networks using a large panel on bilateral stocks of immigrants with information for 19 OECD destination countries and 177 origin countries. In line with the approach of Rauch and Trindade, we classify traded goods according to their quality level and separately estimate pro‐trade elasticity of ethnic networks for each subgroup. We allow for heterogeneity of immigrants according to both the level of per capita income of their country of origin and their education level. Our findings suggest that the trend of the pro‐trade effect of immigrants over quality seems to be driven by the North–South specialisation across varieties for both supply and demand. Indeed, ethnic networks mostly facilitate imports of those varieties for which their countries of origin have a comparative advantage; as for exports, ethnic networks are more effective in promoting exports to their homeland of those varieties for which there is relatively higher demand. We show that the same trend applies to products characterised by the same degree of differentiation according to the classification proposed by Rauch and – given their lower liquidity constraints and advantages in human capital – we find a greater impact of high‐skilled migrants consistent across all quality levels.
Use of Yunnan Baiyao and epsilon aminocaproic acid in dogs with right atrial masses and pericardial effusion
Authors: Murphy Lisa A. , Panek Cynthia M. , Bianco Domenico , Nakamura Reid K. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the utility of Yunnan Baiyao (YB) alone or in combination with epsilon aminocaproic acid (EAC) for the treatment of dogs with echocardiographically identified right atrial (RA) masses and pericardial effusion (PE).DesignRetrospective case‐controlled study.SettingTwo private practice referral hospitals.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs with RA masses and PE identified echocardiographically over a 3‐year period.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsThere were 67 dogs identified with RA masses and PE during the study period. Sixteen dogs were treated with YB alone while 8 dogs were treated with YB in combination with EAC in addition to pericardiocentesis. Forty‐three dogs were treated with pericardiocentesis alone and were considered to be the control group. There was no difference between the groups in regards to signalment, physical examination abnormalities, and diagnostic test results on presentation. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to number of pericardiocenteses performed and there were no side effects attributed to the YB or EAC in any of the dogs. Median time to recurrence of clinical signs was not significantly different between the treatment (12 d, range 1–186 d) and control group (14.5 d, range 1–277 d). The median survival of dogs treated with YB alone or in combination with EAC (18 d, range 1–186 d) was also not significantly improved compared to dogs treated with pericardiocenteses alone (16 d, range 1–277 d).ConclusionsThis study suggests YB alone or in combination with EAC is relatively safe but does not significantly delay recurrence of clinical signs or improve survival in dogs with RA masses and PE. Due to the small cohort size, further prospective studies evaluating these drugs and their effects on hemostasis in dogs with RA masses and PE are warranted.
Treatment of ibuprofen toxicity with serial charcoal hemoperfusion and hemodialysis in a dog
Authors: Tauk Barbara S. , Foster Jonathan D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the efficacy of serial charcoal hemoperfusion and hemodialysis in removing ibuprofen from a dog with severe clinical signs of toxicity.Case SummaryA dog ingested a minimum of 2,200 mg/kg of ibuprofen resulting in progressive neurologic dysfunction that progressed to a comatose state by the time of presentation. Extracorporeal charcoal hemoperfusion coupled serially with hemodialysis was performed to remove ibuprofen from this patient. Serial charcoal hemoperfusion and hemodialysis therapy resulted in complete reversal of the neurologic dysfunction in this dog. No evidence of acute kidney or hepatic injury was observed. Serum ibuprofen concentrations confirmed the efficacy of this treatment.New Information ProvidedThis report details the technique for extracorporeal extraction of ibuprofen, a methodology that could be employed for other toxicities due to substances with similar pharmacokinetics. Complications and limitations (eg, saturation of the charcoal cartridge) of the therapy are discussed.
The fractionation of adipose tissue procedure to obtain stromal vascular fractions for regenerative purposes
Authors: van Dongen Joris A. , Stevens Hieronymus P. , Parvizi Mojtaba , van der Lei Berend , Harmsen Martin C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAutologous adipose tissue transplantation is clinically used to reduce dermal scarring and to restore volume loss. The therapeutic benefit on tissue damage more likely depends on the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue than on the adipocyte fraction. This stromal vascular fraction can be obtained by dissociation of adipose tissue, either enzymatically or mechanical. Enzymatic dissociation procedures are time‐consuming and expensive. Therefore, we developed a new inexpensive mechanical dissociation procedure to obtain the stromal vascular fraction from adipose tissue in a time sparing way, which is directly available for therapeutic injection. This mechanical dissociation procedure is denoted as the fractionation of adipose tissue (FAT) procedure. The FAT procedure was performed in eleven patients. The composition of the FAT‐stromal vascular fraction was characterized by immunohistochemistry. Adipose derived stromal cells isolated from the FAT‐stromal vascular fraction were compared with adipose derived stromal cells isolated from nondissociated adipose tissue (control) for their CD‐surface marker expression, differentiation and colony forming unit capacity. Case reports demonstrated the therapeutic effect of the FAT‐stromal vascular fraction. The FAT‐stromal vascular fraction is an enrichment of extracellular matrix containing a microvasculature and culturable adipose derived stromal cells. Adipose derived stromal cells isolated from FAT‐stromal vascular fraction did not differ from adipose derived stromal cells isolated from the control group in CD‐surface marker expression, differentiation and colony forming unit capacity. The FAT procedure is a rapid effective mechanical dissociation procedure to generate FAT‐stromal vascular fraction ready for injection with all its therapeutic components of adipose tissue: it contains culturable adipose derived stromal cells embedded in their natural supportive extracellular matrix together with the microvasculature.
Design Determinants of Building Envelope for Sustainable Built Environment: A Review
Authors: Kumar Gireendra , Raheja Gaurav 
Published: September 2016

Building envelope separates indoor environment form outside environment as well as provides a comfortable indoor environment through an appropriate balance of passive and active technologies. Building envelopes and its components are designed with respect to environmental, technological, socio-cultural, functional and aesthetic determinants. In contemporary scenario a major concern is to get a comfortable indoor environment in respect of thermal, visual and psychological comfort. Further innovation in designing and construction of contemporary building envelope and its components is likely to be developed rapidly. Designing of buildings and its envelope have a major focus on making buildings sustainable by reducing energy consumption without compromising on user’s comfort. This creates a challenge to the designer and engineers to study and monitor the impact on performance of built form design determinants. This paper aims to describe and highlight the role of design determinants in building envelope and in its various components to achieve sustainable built environment. Study has described the difference in terms “energy efficiency and sustainability” in buildings and built spaces for users through the review of definitions and past researches. Further design concept and technology discussed through relevant examples of various typologies of building envelope system and described the parameters of building envelope’s transparent and opaque components for evaluation. This study is an attempt to describe the integration of design determinants like environmental, technological, socio- cultural, functional and aesthetic in building envelope and its components in making efficient and sustainable built form and space as per user comfort. The paper concludes with meaningful recommendations for sustainable development in designing future building envelopes.
Human COL5A1 polymorphisms and quadriceps muscle–tendon mechanical stiffness in vivo
Authors: Kirk Eric A. , Moore Colin W. , Chater‐Diehl Eric J. , Singh Shiva M. , Rice Charles L. 
Published: September 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of the study?
Do COL5A1
gene variants, previously reported to have diminished transcript stability, manifest in physiological phenotypes of quadriceps muscle–tendon contractile properties and mechanical stiffness in humans?

What is the main finding and its importance?
COL5A1 gene variants influence mechanical stiffness, not seeming to affect low‐level contractile properties in humans. Functional differences in COL5A1 manifest during moderate‐ to high‐level contractions.

Polymorphisms of the collagen type V alpha 1 chain (COL5A1) gene are purported to influence mechanical properties of collagenous tissues. Our purpose was to assess musculotendinous contractile properties of the quadriceps in relationship to the genetic influence of mechanical stiffness. Eighty recreationally active males (aged 19–31 years) were assessed for the presence of three genetic polymorphisms associated with COL5A1 mRNA stability (rs4919510, rs1536482 and rs12722). Genotypes were determined using real‐time PCR. Stiffness and contractile properties of the knee musculotendinous complex were assessed by maximal isometric voluntary contractions, ramp isometric voluntary contractions, electrically stimulated contractile events and ultrasonography. All genotype groups were able to activate their knee extensors fully (>97%) as assessed by the interpolated twitch technique and presented no differences in muscle–tendon contractile properties at low submaximal contraction intensities. For the quadriceps muscle–tendon at moderate ramp contractions of 50 and 60% maximal voluntary contraction, the rs12722 CT and TT genotypes had ∼30% greater mean stiffness. The rs1536482 AG and GG genotypes showed a similar trend, but did not achieve statistical significance. Variants of the COL5A1 gene seem to influence quadriceps muscle–tendon stiffness but do not affect low‐level contractile properties.
Synaptic reliability and temporal precision are achieved via high quantal content and effective replenishment: auditory brainstem versus hippocampus
Authors: Krächan Elisa G , Fischer Alexander U , Franke Jürgen , Friauf Eckhard 
Published: September 2016

Key points
Auditory brainstem neurons involved in sound source localization are equipped with several morphological and molecular features that enable them to compute interaural level and time differences.
As sound source localization works continually, synaptic transmission between these neurons should be reliable and temporally precise, even during sustained periods of high‐frequency activity.
Using patch‐clamp recordings in acute brain slices, we compared synaptic reliability and temporal precision in the seconds–minute range between auditory and two types of hippocampal synapses; the latter are less confronted with temporally precise high‐frequency transmission than the auditory ones.
We found striking differences in synaptic properties (e.g. continually high quantal content) that allow auditory synapses to reliably release vesicles at much higher rate than their hippocampal counterparts.
Thus, they are indefatigable and also in a position to transfer information with exquisite temporal precision and their performance appears to be supported by very efficient replenishment mechanisms.
AbstractAt early stations of the auditory pathway, information is encoded by precise signal timing and rate. Auditory synapses must maintain the relative timing of events with submillisecond precision even during sustained and high‐frequency stimulation. In non‐auditory brain regions, e.g. telencephalic ones, synapses are activated at considerably lower frequencies. Central to understanding the heterogeneity of synaptic systems is the elucidation of the physical, chemical and biological factors that determine synapse performance. In this study, we used slice recordings from three synapse types in the mouse auditory brainstem and hippocampus. Whereas the auditory brainstem nuclei experience high‐frequency activity in vivo, the hippocampal circuits are activated at much lower frequencies. We challenged the synapses with sustained high‐frequency stimulation (up to 200 Hz for 60 s) and found significant performance differences. Our results show that auditory brainstem synapses differ considerably from their hippocampal counterparts in several aspects, namely resistance to synaptic fatigue, low failure rate and exquisite temporal precision. Their high‐fidelity performance supports the functional demands and appears to be due to the large size of the readily releasable pool and a high release probability, which together result in a high quantal content. In conjunction with very efficient vesicle replenishment mechanisms, these properties provide extremely rapid and temporally precise signalling required for neuronal communication at early stations of the auditory system, even during sustained activation in the minute range.
Parameters of the 3-Minute All-Out Test: Overestimation of Competitive-Cyclist Time-Trial Performance in the Severe-Intensity Domain
Authors: Nicolò Andrea , Bazzucchi Ilenia , Sacchetti Massimo 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:To verify the accuracy of predicting performance in the severe-intensity domain by means of end-test power output (EP) and the work performed above EP (WEP) obtained from a 3-min all-out test in competitive cyclists.Methods:Ten welltrained cyclists performed a ramp incremental test and a 3-min all-out familiarization test. Subsequently, they performed a 3-min all-out experimental test to obtain EP and WEP and a 10-min time trial (TT). The actual 10-min-TT mean power output was then compared with the power output predicted as P = WEP/Tlim + EP, where Tlim corresponds to 600 s. The ramp-test peak power output (PPO) was compared with PPO predicted as , where S represents the ramp slope (0.5 W/s).Results:The actual (347 ± 30 W) and predicted (376 ± 48 W) 10-min TT mean power output were correlated (r = .87, P = .001) but significantly different (P < .01). The coefficient of variation (CV) between the predicted and actual performance was 5.6% ± 4.4%. The error of prediction was positively correlated to EP (r = .80, P = .005) and negatively correlated to WEP (r = –.71, P = .021). No significant difference was found between the 10-min-TT mean power output and EP (351 ± 53 W). The actual (438 ± 30 W) and predicted (472 ± 41 W) ramp PPO were correlated (r = .88, P < .001) but significantly different (P < .001). The CV between the predicted and actual PPO was 5.2% ± 3%. The error of prediction was positively correlated to EP (r = .63, P = .051).Conclusions:EP and WEP obtained from a 3-min all-out test overestimate severe-intensity performance in competitive cyclists.