bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Concepts, Self‐Esteem, and Academic Achievement of Minority and Majority North American Elementary School Children
Authors: Cvencek Dario , Fryberg Stephanie A. , Covarrubias Rebecca , Meltzoff Andrew N. 
Published: April 2017

Minority and majority elementary school students from a Native American reservation (N = 188; K–fifth grade; 5‐ to 10‐year‐olds) completed tests of academic self‐concepts and self‐esteem. School grades, attendance, and classroom behavior were collected. Both minority and majority students exhibited positive self‐esteem. Minority students demonstrated lower academic self‐concepts and lower achievement than majority students. Two age‐related patterns emerged. First, minority students had lower academic achievement than majority students, and this effect was stronger in older (Grades 3–5) than in younger (Grades K–2) students. Second, children's actual achievement was related to their academic self‐concepts for older students but more strongly linked to self‐esteem in younger students. The authors offer a developmental account connecting students’ developing self‐representations to their school achievement.
Cytomorphological changes induced by intraperitoneal chemotherapy present important diagnostic pitfalls in peritoneal fluid cytology
Authors: Mok Y. , Nga M. E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveIntraperitoneal chemotherapy (IP ChT) is an emerging modality in the treatment of advanced gastric adenocarcinoma with peritoneal disease. Cytological evaluation of peritoneal fluid specimens from patients undergoing IP ChT is important in clinical management. However, direct intraperitoneal exposure to chemotherapeutic agents induces cytomorphological changes in benign constituents of peritoneal fluid, presenting particular challenges to accurate cytological interpretation. These morphological changes have not been well characterised in the literature. We systematically reviewed the cytomorphological features in immunocytochemically‐confirmed positive and negative IP ChT peritoneal fluid samples to elucidate the degree of morphological overlap between malignant and reactive cells.MethodsWe reviewed 39 peritoneal fluid samples of patients treated with IP ChT, and scored specific cytomorphological parameters of both benign and malignant cells with the aid of relevant immunocytochemical interrogation.ResultsThe present findings show a significant degree of morphological overlap between reactive and malignant cells. Abnormal, “exploding” mitotic figures, nuclear membrane irregularities, multi‐nucleation and cytoplasmic vacuolation were commonly observed in negative fluid specimens. The most helpful feature that favoured malignant cells was the increased nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio. A background inflammatory milieu of eosinophils and/or neutrophils was seen in 45–58% of post IP ChT peritoneal fluid specimens. The presence of pseudoparakeratotic cells, a novel observation in post IP ChT fluid specimens is also described.ConclusionsThe extent of reactive cytomorphological anomalies arising from treatment with IP ChT poses unique diagnostic challenges and may prompt a malignant or 'atypical' diagnosis in benign reactive samples.
Assessment of soil degradation through soil aggregation and particulate organic matter following conversion of riparian buffer to continuous cultivation
Authors: Márquez C. O. , García V. J. , Schultz R. C. , Isenhart T. M. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryAgriculture in the temperate zone of the Midwestern USA has removed most riparian buffer zones from the landscape, which impairs the soil functioning of the soil in these ecosystems. The objective of this study was to assess soil degradation in a non‐buffered riparian zone with an annual row crop (ARC) and in a longer established (more than 85 years) riparian cool season grass (CSG) buffer in central Iowa, USA. To achieve our objective, we compared the functioning of the target system, ARC, with a system that has been undisturbed since 1990, CSG. We measured the aggregate size distribution and stability of macroaggregrates, aggregate‐associated soil organic carbon and particulate organic matter (POM). The categorization of aggregates by size and water stability (slaking resistance) showed a significantly larger (P < 0.05) proportion of water‐stable macroaggregates (> 250 µm) under CSG (53%) than under ARC (26.3%). On the other hand, soil under ARC had the larger proportion of large and small water‐unstable macroaggregates. The results indicate that the concentration of organic C associated with the total water‐stable aggregates is 1.9 times greater under CSG (23.9 mg C g−1) than for the ARC (12.4 mg C g−1). The concentration of carbon in light particulate organic matter (LPOM‐C) under CSG accounted for 12% of total soil organic carbon (TSOC), but only 6% under ARC management. The chemical composition of LPOM in the ARC soil had a large alkyl‐C/O‐alkyl C ratio, which suggests more organic matter decomposition than with the CSG. Electronic micrographs showed evidence that under CSG roots and fungal hyphae form an extensive network around the large macroaggregates (> 2000 µm), and thus maintain the stability of the macroaggregates. Preserving the CSG buffer reduces soil erosion and the processes associated with nonpoint source pollutants, which improves water quality in an intensively managed agricultural system.Highlights
How do soil aggregation and POM change after conversion of CSG buffer to continuous cultivation?
Improved understanding of soil degradation through water‐stable and ‐unstable aggregates and SOC.
Lack of disturbance of CSG buffer favours formation of macroaggregates and SOC stabilization.
Preserving CSG buffer improves water quality in an intensively managed agricultural system.
Extratemporal disconnective procedures for the treatment of epilepsy in children
Authors: Santos Marcelo Volpon , Machado Hélio Rubens 
Published: April 2017

SummarySurgical treatment of epilepsy in children often involves brain areas outside the temporal lobe and, therefore, techniques for extratemporal surgery must be included in the armamentarium of epilepsy surgery centers. Nowadays, disconnective procedures are preferable to traditional resective operations because they reduce the rate of complications related to extensive resections while achieving equivalent seizure outcomes. This article describes the practical anatomy and surgical techniques used for temporoparietooccipital (TPO), parietooccipital, and frontal disconnections, as well as the possibility of extending previous lobar disconnections to the whole hemisphere (hemispherotomy).
A design for a common‐sense knowledge‐enhanced decision‐support system: Integration of high‐frequency market data and real‐time news
Authors: Chen Kun , Yin Jian , Pang Sulin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAccording to efficient markets theory, information is an important factor that affects market performance and serves as a source of first‐hand evidence in decision making, in particular with the rapid rise of Internet technologies in recent years. However, a lack of knowledge and inference ability prevents current decision support systems from processing the wide range of available information. In this paper, we propose a common‐sense knowledge‐supported news model. Compared with previous work, our model is the first to incorporate broad common‐sense knowledge into a decision support system, thereby improving the news analysis process through the application of a graphic random‐walk framework. Prototype and experiments based on Hong Kong stock market data have demonstrated that common‐sense knowledge is an important factor in building financial decision models that incorporate news information.
Global climate change will increase the abundance of symbiotic nitrogen‐fixing trees in much of North America
Authors: Liao Wenying , Menge Duncan N. L. , Lichstein Jeremy W. , Ángeles‐Pérez Gregorio 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSymbiotic nitrogen (N)‐fixing trees can drive N and carbon cycling and thus are critical components of future climate projections. Despite detailed understanding of how climate influences N‐fixation enzyme activity and physiology, comparatively little is known about how climate influences N‐fixing tree abundance. Here, we used forest inventory data from the USA and Mexico (>125,000 plots) along with climate data to address two questions: (1) How does the abundance distribution of N‐fixing trees (rhizobial, actinorhizal, and both types together) vary with mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation (MAP)? (2) How will changing climate shift the abundance distribution of N‐fixing trees? We found that rhizobial N‐fixing trees were nearly absent below 15°C MAT, but above 15°C MAT, they increased in abundance as temperature rose. We found no evidence for a hump‐shaped response to temperature throughout the range of our data. Rhizobial trees were more abundant in dry than in wet ecosystems. By contrast, actinorhizal trees peaked in abundance at 5–10°C MAT and were least abundant in areas with intermediate precipitation. Next, we used a climate‐envelope approach to project how N‐fixing tree relative abundance might change in the future. The climate‐envelope projection showed that rhizobial N‐fixing trees will likely become more abundant in many areas by 2080, particularly in the southern USA and western Mexico, due primarily to rising temperatures. Projections for actinorhizal N‐fixing trees were more nuanced due to their nonmonotonic dependence on temperature and precipitation. Overall, the dominant trend is that warming will increase N‐fixing tree abundance in much of the USA and Mexico, with large increases up to 40° North latitude. The quantitative link we provide between climate and N‐fixing tree abundance can help improve the representation of symbiotic N fixation in Earth System Models.
Estimating leaf area of warm‐season perennial legumes
Authors: Homem B. G. C. , Ferreira I. M. , Gionbelli M. P. , Bernardes T. F. , Casagrande D. R. , Lara M. A. S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRefining mathematical models may decrease labour and generate accurate estimates of leaf area in warm‐season perennial legumes. The aim of this study was to assess the use of mathematical models to determine the leaf area of four tropical forage legumes. Perennial legumes (Arachis pintoi, Stylosanthes spp., Calopogonium mucunoides and Neonotonia wightii) were collected, and an elliptical model and a corrected elliptical model were used to estimate leaf area. For comparison, linear models were also generated based on the leaflet area. The elliptical model was suitable for the initial forage peanut leaflets, while the corrected elliptical model proved suitable for estimating the area of the initial leaflets of all species as well as the terminal leaflets of forage peanut and stylo. The elliptical model could be used to estimate the area of both the initial and terminal leaflets only in stylo. Models were generated to estimate leaf area of all legumes requiring only the measurement of length and width from a single initial leaflet. In all of the studied legumes, the leaflet pairs were symmetrical, meaning the corrected elliptical model allows for the estimation of the leaflet area of each plant.
Bio‐economic efficiency of creep supplementation of forage legumes or concentrate in pasture‐based lamb production system
Authors: Ates S. , Keles G. , Yigezu Y. A. , Demirci U. , Dogan S. , Isik S. , Sahin M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA 2‐year study in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey compared the performance of pasture‐fed suckling lambs and their dams, set‐stocked on grass‐legume pastures supplemented either with forage legumes or concentrate through a creep grazing/feeding system in a randomized block design. The treatments included continuous pasture grazing + creep grazing alfalfa; continuous pasture grazing + creep grazing birdsfoot trefoil; continuous pasture grazing + creep feeding concentrate (170 g kg−1 CP; 11.3 ME MJ kg−1 DM); and continuous grazing without creep feeding (control). In both years, creep feeding/grazing commenced in early June following a 42‐day pasture grazing period (period 1) and continued until mid‐summer for two separate periods of 21 days each (periods 2 and 3). Creep‐supplemented lambs grew faster (p < .001) than those that grazed pasture alone, with no significant difference across all creep supplementation treatments. Across the years, the lambs grew at 223 and 161 g per head day−1 for creep‐supplemented and control groups respectively. None of the lamb feeding strategies affected the ewe liveweight gains (p > .05). Results from a bio‐economic optimization model, however, showed that supplementing the pasture with birdsfoot trefoil and alfalfa in periods 2 and 3, respectively, maximized economic returns with an extra profit of US$88.83 per lamb above those that grazed the pasture alone.
Insights into the Functional Anatomy Behind the PREEMPT Injection Paradigm: Guidance on Achieving Optimal Outcomes
Authors: Blumenfeld Andrew M. , Silberstein Stephen D. , Dodick David W. , Aurora Sheena K. , Brin Mitchell F. , Binder William J. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo provide clinically relevant insights on the identification of the muscles and techniques involved in the safe and effective use of onabotulinumtoxinA for chronic migraine prophylaxis.BackgroundAlthough guidance on the use of onabotulinumtoxinA for chronic migraine is available, based on the Phase III Research Evaluating Migraine Prophylaxis Therapy (PREEMPT) clinical program, clinical experience has shown that insufficient understanding of the anatomy and function of the head and neck muscles may lead to undesirable outcomes and suboptimal efficacy.Design/MethodsEach muscle involved in the standardized PREEMPT injection paradigm is reviewed with a thorough description of each muscle's anatomy (ie, muscle description and location, innervation, vascular supply) and function. Key insights based on clinical experience are also provided to help improve outcomes.ResultsThe identification of the muscles in the PREEMPT injection paradigm should be based on each patient's unique anatomy and injections should be administered using the advised techniques. A thorough examination of the patient prior to treatment is also critical to determine if any preexisting conditions may increase the risk for unwanted outcomes and appropriate expectations should be communicated.ConclusionsThorough knowledge of the functional anatomy of the muscles involved in the standardized PREEMPT injection paradigm is critical to achieve the efficacy and safety observed in clinical trials. In addition, it is important to assess a patient's baseline condition to anticipate the risk for unwanted outcomes that may result from treatment.
Social organization, demography and genetic mating system of a Tibetan cooperative breeder
Authors: Tang Shiyi , Ke Dianhua , Yu Tonglei , Wang Changcao , Zhao Qingtian , Fan Haiying , Zhang Guoyue , Wang Chen , Lu Xin 
Published: April 2017

Knowledge of cooperative breeding in birds from longitudinal studies is available only for a small proportion of species. This paper reports data from a 12‐year study on the Tibetan Ground Tit Pseudopodoces humilis. On average, 27.2% (range: 13.0–36.1%) of monogamous pairs in each year contained one (85.4%) or more (14.6%) male helpers, 83.7% of which were yearlings staying on natal territories. Most helpers (89.6%) helped once and then bred independently. Adults had male‐biased sex ratios, low annual survival rates (averaging 0.50) and shorter longevities (averaging 1.8 years) compared with low‐altitude avian cooperative breeders, suggesting that mate shortage promotes helping behaviour in this species. Incest occurred rarely (2.1% of pairs), probably because kin recognition occurs through year‐around living in family groups. There was a low level (3.1% of broods) of extra‐pair parentage, which could facilitate the maintenance of cooperative breeding.
The role of music in ethnic identity formation in diaspora: a research review
Authors: Lidskog Rolf 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn many countries, multicultural citizenship has run into difficulties. The relation between immigrant groups and the larger society has come to the fore, and different strategies have been proposed for how to better integrate immigrants in their new surroundings. This paper focuses on how ethnic identities and cultures are maintained and transformed in diasporic situations, namely though music. Through a systematic review of academic articles published in the last 20 years, this paper investigates the role of music in cultural identity formation among ethnic groups. The review finds that the literature stresses four particular areas: context (the diasporic situation); space for recognition and resistance; time and memory to allow identity maintenance and transformation; and politics (social subordination or resistance). The paper concludes by stressing the importance of further studies on identity formation in diaspora, not least about diasporic consciousness as a resource and restriction in the social positioning and orientation of groups. A world characterised by migration, transnational networks and global flows, as well as by a reorientation of migration and integration policies, implies new conditions for identity‐formation, and music will continue to be an important way for immigrants and refugees to negotiate and develop their identities in their new setting.
Grain yield and root characteristics of summer maize (Zea maysL.) under shade stress conditions
Authors: Gao J. , Shi J. , Dong S. , Liu P. , Zhao B. , Zhang J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLow light is a major adversity affecting yield and quality of summer maize in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai region of China. We conducted a field experiment to explore the effects of shading on root development and yield formation in two summer maize hybrids (Zea maysL.), Denghai605 (DH605) and Zhengdan958 (ZD958). The experiment consisted of four treatments (CK: ambient sunlight, S1: shading from tasselling to physiological maturity stage, S2: shading from six‐leaf to tasselling stage, S3: shading from seeding to physiological maturity stage). Shading had a strong impact on the development of roots in the upper soil layer. Shading significantly decreased the root dry weight, root/shoot ratio, root length density, root absorption area and active absorption area. The results showed that treatments in a diminishing sequence of effects on root from S3, S1, S2 toCK. Overall, shading decreased the root morphologic and activity indices, and decreased yield in summer maize. During an average of 2 years, yields ofZD958 in S3, S2 and S1 decreased by 85%, 24% and 55%, yields ofDH605 in S3, S2 and S1 decreased by 87%, 26% and 67%, in compare toCK. The results will be useful for hybrid selection and improving cultural practices for enhancing the maize shading resistance in Huang‐Huai‐Hai region.
Arrhythmogenic effects of energy drinks
Authors: Enriquez Andres , Frankel David S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEnergy drinks (ED) are increasingly popular, especially among adolescents and young adults. They are marketed as enhancers of energy, alertness, and physical performance. ED contain high doses of caffeine and other active ingredients. Their safety has come under question due to reports temporally linking ED consumption with serious cardiovascular events, including arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In this article, we report 2 cases of life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias in young patients after consuming ED. We also review the ingredients of ED, the physiologic effects on the cardiovascular system, and the available evidence suggesting arrhythmogenecity.
Adult dietary protein has age‐ and context‐dependent effects on male post‐copulatory performance
Authors: Macartney E. L. , Crean A. J. , Bonduriansky R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe highly conserved effect of dietary protein restriction on lifespan and ageing is observed in both sexes and across a vast range of taxa. This extension of lifespan is frequently accompanied by a reduction in female fecundity, and it has been hypothesized that individuals may reallocate resources away from reproduction and into somatic maintenance. However, effects of dietary protein restriction on male reproduction are less consistent, suggesting that these effects may depend on other environmental parameters. Using the neriid fly, Telostylinus angusticollis, we examined age‐specific effects of adult dietary protein restriction on male post‐copulatory reproductive performance (fecundity and offspring viability). To explore the context dependence of these effects, we simultaneously manipulated male larval diet and adult mating history. We found that protein‐restricted males sired less viable offspring at young ages, but offspring viability increased with paternal age and eventually exceeded that of fully fed males. The number of eggs laid by females was not affected by male dietary protein, whereas egg hatching success was subject to a complex interaction of male adult diet, age, larval diet and mating history. These findings suggest that effects of protein restriction on male reproduction are highly context dependent and cannot be explained by a simple reallocation of resources from reproduction to somatic maintenance. Rather, these effects appear to involve changes in the scheduling of male reproductive investment with age.
Predictors of oral health‐related quality of life in Iranian adolescents: A prospective study
Authors: Pakpour Amir H. , Lin Chung‐Ying , Kumar Santhosh , Fridlund Bengt , Jansson Henrik 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimIn the present study, we evaluated the direct and mediating (indirect) effects of clinical oral conditions, dental anxiety, sense of coherence (SOC), and socioeconomic variables on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and general health‐related quality of life (GHRQoL) in Iranian adolescents.MethodsA longitudinal design was used with a sample of 1052 (694 males, mean age=15.05 years) schoolchildren from Qazvin, Iran. Each participant completed a background information sheet and the following scales at baseline: Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, SOC, PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scale, and PedsQL Oral Health Scale. The PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core and Oral Health scales were recompleted at the 18‐mo follow up.ResultsFather's education, monthly family income, dental anxiety, Community Periodontal Index (CPI), decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), and SOC significantly and directly predicted OHRQoL at 18 mo. Father's education had indirect effects on OHRQoL through CPI and DMFT, family income had indirect effects through DMFT, and dental anxiety had indirect effects through CPI. OHRQoL at 18 mo (β=0.499) and SOC (β=0.084) had significant and direct and mediating effects through OHRQoL on GHRQoL, while father's education, monthly family income, dental anxiety, CPI, and DMFT only showed mediating effects.ConclusionsClinical oral indicators had direct effects on OHRQoL, but mediated the effects of dental anxiety and socioeconomic status on both OHRQoL and GHRQoL.
Genetic basis of dentigerous cysts associated with supernumerary teeth: A narrative review
Authors: Anthonappa Robert P. , Ekambaram Manikandan , Neboda Chaturi N. G. , King Nigel M. , Rabie Abu‐Bakr M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the present study, we sought to: (a) analyze the p53 gene status in dentigerous cysts (DC) associated with supernumerary teeth (ST) in a pair of siblings with ST, of whom one developed a DC; and (b) conduct a narrative review of the literature on ST associated with DC. Blood samples were obtained, and the isolated DNA was used to amplify exons 4‐8 of the p53 gene using specific primers, and subsequently sequenced. No mutations were identified in the coding regions of the p53 gene. A review of the literature revealed a prevalence of DC associated with ST to be as high as 13.6%, and that 83% of the case reports performed enucleation of DC and removal of ST. Dentigerous cysts associated with ST in one sibling demonstrated that variations in phenotypes exist, and the absence of mutations cannot eliminate the potential influence of genetic risk factors.