bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consequences of Lost Gallstones During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Review Article
Authors: Jabbari Nooghabi Azadeh , Hassanpour Masoumeh , Jangjoo Ali 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become a popular and widespread procedure for the treatment of gallstone disease. There is still an increasing concern about specific complications of LC due to gallbladder perforation and spillage of bile and stones. Although unretrieved intraperitoneal gallstones rarely become symptomatic, their infective complications may cause serious morbidities even after a long interval from LC.

Methods:
We performed a review of the literature on the diagnosis, prevention, consequences, and management of lost gallstones. All studies with a focus on lost gallstones or perforated gallbladder were analyzed to evaluate the postoperative complications.

Results:
Between 1991 and 2015, >250 cases of postoperative complications of spilled gallstones were reviewed in the surgical literature. The most common complications are intraperitoneal abscesses and fistulas. Confusing clinical pictures due to gallstones spreading in different locations makes diagnosis challenging. Even asymptomatic dropped gallstones may masquerade intraperitoneal neoplastic lesions.

Conclusions:
Every effort should be made to prevent gallbladder perforation; otherwise, they should be retrieved immediately during laparoscopy. In cases with multiple large spilled stones or infected bile, conversion to open surgery can be considered. Documentation in operative notes and awareness of patients about lost gallstones are mandatory to early recognition and treatment of any complications.
Outcomes From an Enhanced Recovery Program for Laparoscopic Gastric Surgery
Authors: Wong-Chong Nathalie , Kehlet Henrik , Grantcharov Teodor P. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:
To examine the outcomes from an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program for laparoscopic gastric surgery.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective study of patients undergoing elective laparoscopic gastric resection in an ERAS protocol at a single institution between 2008 and 2012. Outcomes included the length of hospital stay, intraoperative and postoperative complications, the readmission rate, the reoperation rate, and the 30-day mortality.

Results:
Of the 86 patients, 60 underwent partial gastrectomy and 26 underwent total gastrectomy. Median lymph nodes sampled was 15 (range, 9 to 47). The median length of hospital stay was 4 (range, 1 to 44) days. The conversion rate to open surgery was 11.6%. Four patients (4.7%) had an anastomotic leak. Three patients had postoperative bleeding (4.7%). About 4.7% (n=4) of the patients required readmission and 8.1% required reoperation (n=7). The 30-day mortality rate was 2.3% (n=2) due to complications from anastomotic leak.

Conclusions:
Laparoscopic gastrectomy within an ERAS protocol results in a short hospital stay with an acceptable morbidity and mortality rate.
Late Postoperative Complications in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LVSG) Versus Laparoscopic Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB): Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Osland Emma , Yunus Rossita M. , Khan Shahjahan , Memon Breda , Memon Muhammed A. 
Published: June 2016

Aims and Objectives:
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy (LVSG), have been proposed as cost-effective strategies to manage obesity-related chronic disease. The objectives of this meta-analysis and systematic review were to analyze the “late postoperative complication rate (>30 days)” for these 2 procedures.

Materials and Methods:
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2000 and 2015 comparing the late complication rates, that is, >30 days following LVSG and LRYGB in adult population (ie, 16 y and above) were selected from PubMed, Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index, Current Contents, and the Cochrane database. The outcome variables analyzed included mortality rate, major and minor complications, and interventions required for their management and readmission rates. Random effects model was used to calculate the effect size of both binary and continuous data. Heterogeneity among the outcome variables of these trials was determined by the Cochran Q statistic and I
2 index. The meta-analysis was prepared in accordance with the Preferred Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Results:
Six RCTs involving a total of 685 patients (LVSG, n=345; LRYGB, n=340) reported late major complications. A nonstatistical reduction in relative odds favoring the LVSG procedure was observed [odds ratio (OR), 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.21-1.97; P=0.4]. Four RCTs representing 408 patients (LVSG, n=208; LRYGB, n=200) reported late minor complications. A nonstatistically significant reduction of 36% in relative odds favoring the LVSG procedure was observed (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.28-1.47; P=0.3). A 37% relative reduction in odds was observed in favor of the LVSG for the need for additional interventions to manage late postoperative complications that did not reach statistical significance (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.19-2.05; P=0.4). No study specifically reported readmissions required for the management of late complication.

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis and systematic review of RCTs shows that the development of late (major and minor) complications is similar between LVSG and LRYGB procedures, 6 months to 3 years postoperatively, and they do not lead to higher readmission rate or reoperation rate for either procedure. However longer-term surveillance is required to accurately describe the patterns of late complications in these patients.
Cachexia in children with chronic kidney disease: challenges in diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Mak Robert H. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
Although cachexia is highly prevalent in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), it is understudied and less well characterized in children. Recent evidence suggests that cachexia is also prevalent in children with CKD but presents challenges in diagnosis and treatment.

Recent findings
A study from the CKD in children cohort showed that CKD cachexia or protein-energy wasting, using modified pediatric diagnostic criteria, such as lack of expected weight gain instead of weight loss and BMI for height age, had a prevalence of 7–20%. When growth indices such as height SD score (SDS)/height velocity SDS was included in the criteria, cachexia or PEW correlated with the morbidity outcome of increased hospitalization risk in children with CKD. Conversely, aggressive nutritional supplementation in children with advanced CKD, with nasogastric or gastric tube feeding, led to prevalence of obesity over that of cachexia. Body habitus of underweight and obesity have been shown to be associated with the worst clinical outcomes in both adults and children with CKD.

Summary
Optimal nutritional therapy remains the mainstay of treatment of cachexia in CKD children with therapeutic goals of maintaining BMI as well as linear growth within the normal range.
The essential tremor syndromes
Authors: Elble Rodger J. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
Essential tremor has not been defined or used consistently in clinical diagnosis and research. Other monosymptomatic disorders are often referred to as essential tremor variants.

Recent findings
There is now solid evidence that essential tremor, however defined, is a syndrome with multiple causes.

Summary
A new tremor classification scheme is being developed by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Tremor. In this scheme, tremor in the absence of other neurological signs is called isolated tremor, and tremor in combination with other signs is called combined tremor. Many isolated and combined tremor syndromes can be defined on the basis of commonly recurring or unique clinical symptoms and signs, including historical features (age at onset, family history, and temporal evolution) and tremor characteristics (body distribution, activation condition, associated features). Essential tremor, however defined, is simply a syndrome and not a specific disease. Essential tremor should be defined and used consistently, or this term should be abandoned. As essential tremor is an arbitrarily defined syndrome, it makes no sense to refer to other tremors as variants of essential tremor or essential tremor syndromes.
Genotyping of Inversions and Tandem Duplications
Authors: Ebler Jana , Schönhuth Alexander , Marschall Tobias 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMotivationNext Generation Sequencing (NGS) has enabled studying structural genomic variants (SVs) such as duplications and inversions in large cohorts. SVs have been shown to play important roles in multiple diseases, including cancer. As costs for NGS continue to decline and variant databases become ever more complete, the relevance of genotyping also SVs from NGS data increases steadily, which is in stark contrast to the lack of tools to do so.ResultsWe introduce a novel statistical approach, called DIGTYPER (Duplication and Inversion GenoTYPER), which computes genotype likelihoods for a given inversion or duplication and reports the maximum likelihood genotype. In contrast to purely coverage-based approaches, DIGTYPER uses breakpoint-spanning read pairs as well as split alignments for genotyping, enabling typing also of small events. We tested our approach on simulated and on real data and compared the genotype predictions to those made byDELLY, which discovers SVs and computes genotypes. DIGTYPER compares favorable especially for duplications (of all lengths) and for shorter inversions (up to 300 bp). In contrast to DELLY, our approach can genotype SVs from data bases without having to rediscover them.Availabilityhttps://bitbucket.org/jana_ebler/digtyper.git
Parallel, independent reversions to an embryonic expressionphenotype in multiple types of cancer
Authors: Hudson Corey M. , Conant Gavin C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChanges in gene expression provide a valuable frame of reference for explaining the development and progression of cancer. Many tissue types radically alter their gene expression profile after becoming oncogenic. We evaluate this change in gene expression in 8 different cancer lines by comparing their expression profiles to that of their associated differentiated tissues as well as profiles for proliferative human embryonic stem cells. We find that, for non-proliferative tissues, the alterations in expression after oncogenesis result in a profile that is significantly more similar to the embryonic expression profile than to the original tissue profile. Wealso find that the lists of co-similar genes among embryonic and tumor cells are clustered within gene regulatory, protein interaction and metabolicnetworks. There is however little overlap in these lists between cancer lines and no pattern shared among all cancers in this analysis. We conclude that the manner in which cancers instantiate a proliferative pattern of expression following oncogenesis is diverse and we find no uniform proliferative program among the cancers in this analysis.
The Wnt segment polarity pathway and TMED2 protein may interact via a lectin- and decoy-type mechanism
Authors: Fiedler Klaus 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Secl4-like protein (280-385 GOLD-domain) in this study scores highly with the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) of the RetS domain fromPseudomonas aeruginosa.The thereupon modeledCricetulus griseusp24-GOLD domain of p24, a member of intra-Golgi cargo receptors, is shown to interact with Wnt8 (wingless 8) ofXenopus laeviswith a ΔG=-18.3 kcal/mol. Lower ranked models listed a smaller ΔG (PDBePISA) and energy of Del Phi interaction. Complex/hybrid N-glycans provide increasing energy of binding up to −7.1 kcal/mol to simulated p24-GOLD-ligand interaction. It is likely, that Wnt proteins and p24 cargo-receptors interact analogously to Wnt-Frizzled and that Wnt transport may involve early lectin binding. The possibly promiscuous interaction of p24-GOLD with ligands, including collagen, may shed light on cargo-receptor mediated traffic.Highlightsp24s are usually described as type I transmembrane proteins containing a GOLD domainp24-GOLD can be modeled based on the Sec14-like protein with X-ray structure qualityA concave patch on the p24 surface binds to diverse ligandsN-glycans may provide increased binding energy in p24-cargo interactionWnt binding to TMED2 may quench signaling similar to a decoy-type mechanism
iSUMO - integrative prediction of functionally relevant SUMOylation events
Authors: Yao Xiaotong , Maity Shuvadeep , Gandhi Shashank , Imielenski Marcin , Vogel Christine 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPost-translational modifications by the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) are essential for diverse cellular functions. Large-scale experiment and sequence-based predictions have identified thousands of SUMOylated proteins. However, the overlap between the datasets is small, suggesting many false positives with low functional relevance. Therefore, we integrated ~800 sequence features and protein characteristics such as cellular function and protein-protein interactions in a machine learning approach to score likely functional SUMOylation events (iSUMO). iSUMO is trained on a total of 24 large-scale datasets, and it predicts 2,291 and 706 SUMO targets in human and yeast, respectively. These estimates are five times higher than what existing sequence-based tools predict at the same 5% false positive rate. Protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions are highly predictive of protein SUMOylation, supporting a role of the modification in protein complex formation. We note the marked prevalence of SUMOylation amongst RNA-binding proteins. We validate iSUMO predictions by experimental or other evidence. iSUMO therefore represents a comprehensive tool to identify high-confidence, functional SUMOylation events for human and yeast.
Changing image of the ideal manager
Authors: Beal Brian 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to extend the “think manager, think male” research paradigm by examining managerial stereotypes as a function of both gender and sexual orientation, thus comparing the similarity of managerial stereotypes against the stereotypes of male (heterosexual and gay) and female (heterosexual and lesbian) managers.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 163 heterosexual participants used the 92-item “Descriptive Index” attribute inventory to rate one of five target groups: successful managers, heterosexual male managers, heterosexual female managers, gay male managers and lesbian female managers. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the degree of correspondence between ratings of the target groups.

Findings
The findings showed a higher correspondence between the descriptions of heterosexual male or female managers and the successful manager prototype than between the descriptions of gay male managers and the successful manager prototype. Additionally, results showed that the stereotypes of lesbian female managers were seen as having a moderate level of fit with the successful manager prototype.

Originality/value
This study it is the first empirical investigation to assess whether the “think manager, think male” phenomenon holds for managers who are members of sexual minority groups.
Is it time to do away with Annual Performance Appraisal System?
Authors: Sarkar Anita 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe factors that determine scrapping of traditional performance appraisal system.

Design/methodology/approach
The study explains how the new system of feedback giving is aligned with the requirement of performance management system.

Findings
Traditional performance appraisal often created employee dissatisfaction, stalled employee creativity and team work, and increased employee attrition and missed out on performance improvement of employees. New check-in system promises to develop employees on the basis of continuous feedback mechanism.

Originality/value
This paper aims to provides insights on how the new system of performance management is connected to overall needs of the organization and the employees.
Diversification Benefits of REIT Preferred and Common Stock: New Evidence from a Utility‐based Framework
Authors: Boudry Walter I. , deRoos Jan A. , Ukhov Andrey D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe study the diversification benefits of REIT preferred and common stock using a utility‐based framework in which investors segment based on risk aversion. We examine optimal mean‐variance portfolios of investors with different levels of risk aversion given access to different classes of assets and establish three main results. First, REIT common stock helps low risk aversion investors attain portfolios with higher returns, while REIT preferred stock helps high risk aversion investors by providing a venue for risk reduction. Second, REIT preferred stock has a risk‐return profile not easily replicated by other asset classes. Finally, conclusions drawn from the empirical analysis are markedly different under these constraints compared to the classical unconstrained setting.
Review of therapeutic agents employed by an Australian aeromedical prehospital and retrieval service
Authors: Hayward Marcus D , Regan Luke , Glasheen John , Burns Brian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThere is little current evidence regarding which therapeutic agents are actually used within existing aeromedical services. The Greater Sydney Area Helicopter Emergency Medical Service operates a large, physician‐staffed, multimodal, prehospital and interhospital retrieval service. The aim of the present study was to identify the range and frequency of drug, fluid and blood product use within our service.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional study. Case sheets relating to a 12 month period were inspected to identify the therapeutic agents used by retrieval teams during each mission. Corresponding case notes, demographic data (age, sex) and case data (prehospital vs interhospital, trauma vs medical) were extracted from an electronic database.ResultsOf 2566 missions, 848 were prehospital, 1662 interhospital and 56 mixed. Prehospital missions were associated with fewer agents per case (median, 2 vs 3) and a narrower range of agents overall (45 vs 117) compared to interhospital missions. In both mission types, the most frequently used agents included morphine, fentanyl, Hartmann's solution, ketamine, rocuronium, ondansetron and midazolam. Noradrenaline, propofol and metaraminol were used frequently in interhospital missions only. A number of stocked and unstocked agents were used less commonly, or not at all, over the study period.ConclusionsThe results of the present study form a practical guide to aid prehospital and retrieval services in establishing or reviewing their medical agent formularies. Key practice points illuminated by the data provide insights into current practice in critical care. There remains a clear need for similar studies from other services worldwide.
Extraction of chitin and chitosan from housefly, Musca domestica, pupa shells
Authors: Kim Min‐Woo , Han Yeon Soo , Jo Yong Hun , Choi Myung Hyo , Kang Seung Ho , Kim Sun‐Am , Jung Woo‐Jin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChitins and chitosans are some of the most abundant natural polysaccharide materials, and are used to increase innate immune response and disease resistance in humans and animals. In this work, chitin and chitosan from housefly, Musca domestica, pupa shells were obtained by treatment with HCl and NaOH. For chitin extraction, 2 N HCl and 1.25 N NaOH solutions were used to achieve decalcification and deproteinization, respectively. For chitosan extraction, 50% NaOH solution was used to achieve deacetylation. The yields of chitin and chitosan from pupa shells of M. domestica were 8.02% and 5.87%, respectively. The deacetylations of chitosan (from chitin C1 and C2) were 89.76% and 92.39%, respectively, after the first alkali treatment with 50% NaOH (w/w) solution at 105 °C for 3 h and 5 h, respectively. The viscosities of the chitosans (from chitin C1 and C2) were 33.6 and 19.2 cP, respectively.
Napping‐Ultra Flash Profile as a Tool for Category Identification and Subsequent Model System Formulation of Caramel Corn Products
Authors: Mayhew Emily , Schmidt Shelly , Lee Soo‐Yeun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn a novel approach to formulation, the flash descriptive profiling technique Napping‐Ultra Flash Profile (Napping‐UFP) was used to characterize a wide range of commercial caramel corn products. The objectives were to identify product categories, develop model systems based on product categories, and correlate analytical parameters with sensory terms generated through the Napping‐UFP exercise. In one 2 h session, 12 panelists participated in 4 Napping‐UFP exercises, describing and grouping, on a 43×56 cm paper sheet, 12 commercial caramel corn samples by degree of similarity, globally and in terms of aroma‐by‐mouth, texture, and taste. The coordinates of each sample's placement on the paper sheet and descriptive terms generated by the panelists were used to conduct Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) and hierarchical clustering of the samples. Strong trends in the clustering of samples across the 4 Napping‐UFP exercises resulted in the determination of 3 overarching types of commercial caramel corn: “small‐scale dark” (typified by burnt, rich caramel corn), “large‐scale light” (typified by light and buttery caramel corn), and “large‐scale dark” (typified by sweet and molasses‐like caramel corn). Representative samples that best exemplified the properties of each category were used as guides in the formulation of 3 model systems that represent the spread of commercial caramel corn products. Analytical testing of the commercial products, including aw measurement, moisture content determination, and thermal characterization via differential scanning calorimetry, were conducted and results related to sensory descriptors using Spearman's correlation.
Development of an Emergency Medicine Simulation Fellowship Consensus Curriculum: Initiative of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Simulation Academy
Authors: Frallicciardi Alise , Vora Samreen , Bentley Suzanne , Nadir Nur‐Ain , Cassara Michael , Hart Danielle , Park Chan , Cheng Adam , Aghera Amish , Moadel Tiffany , Dobiesz Valerie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesThere is currently no consolidated list of existing simulation fellowship programs in emergency medicine (EM). In addition, there are no universally accepted or expected standards for core curricular content. The objective of this project is to develop consensus‐based core content for EM simulation fellowships to help frame the critical components of such training programs.MethodsThis paper delineates the process used to develop consensus curriculum content for EM simulation fellowships. EM simulation fellowship curricula were collected. Curricular content was reviewed and compiled by simulation experts and validated utilizing survey methodology, and consensus was obtained using a modified Delphi methodology.ResultsFifteen EM simulation fellowship curricula were obtained and analyzed. Two rounds of a modified Delphi survey were conducted. The final proposed core curriculum content contains 47 elements in nine domains with 14 optional elements.ConclusionThe proposed consensus content will provide current and future fellowships a foundation on which to build their own specific and detailed fellowship curricula. Such standardization will ultimately increase the transparency of training programs for future trainees and potential employers.