bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kantoren en planning in Brussel, 50 jaar van gemiste kansen?
Authors: De Beule Michel 
Published: January 2017

De relatie tussen kantoren en planning zou men in Brussel kunnen samenvatten als een aaneenschakeling van gemiste kansen. De beslissingen werden ad hoc genomen zonder echt rekening te houden met wat gepland was. Dit vastgoedspel, dat al een halve eeuw gespeeld wordt, heeft soms obscure oorzaken, meestal onduidelijke redenen, maar altijd is het ergens wel logisch voor minstens één van de spelers in het kwartet der misverstanden: promotoren, nationale regering (en vervolgens federale en gewestelijke regeringen), gemeentepolitici en inwoners. De planning is lange tijd officieus gebleven door indirect trachten tussen te komen. Hoewel er sinds 1985 een pertinent voorstel naar voren werd geschoven, is de toekomstige Europese wijk in stilte ontstaan en zonder richtlijn. Met de regionalisatie van het land is de planning officieel geworden, maar wat betreft kantoren is er ondanks alles weinig omkadering. Twintig jaar nadat het gewestplan aangenomen werd (1999), blijkt dat 47% van de bijna 10 miljoen m² aan kantoorruimte (in vastgoedeenheden van meer dan 1 000 m² en dus heel vaak monofunctionele gebouwen) gevestigd is buiten de administratiegebieden gedefinieerd in het plan. Sinds 1995 is een andere planning tussengekomen, maar de relatie tussen de actoren in het vastgoedspel blijft ambigu. Het kwartet der misverstanden blijft bestaan.
Offices and planning in Brussels, a half-century of missed opportunities?
Authors: De Beule Michel 
Published: January 2017

The relationship between offices and planning in Brussels could be summed up as a series of missed opportunities. Decisions were taken blow by blow, without truly taking account of what had been planned. This real estate game, which has been going on for half a century, has had sometimes obscure causes, often unspoken motives, but reasons that have always been logical for at least one of the four players involved in the overall misunderstanding, i.e., promoters, national government (and then federal and regional governments), local officials, and the residents themselves. Planning long remained officious, with attempts made to intervene in strips. Even though the authorities made a relevant planning proposal starting in 1958, the future European Quarter was created in silence and without directives. With the country’s subdivision into regions planning became official, but the building of offices nevertheless came in for little supervision. In 1999, more than twenty years after the adoption of Brussels’s first area plan, 47% of the some 10 million square metres of offices in Brussels (in edifices with at least 1 000 m² of office space, and thus very often monofunctional buildings) was outside the administrative zones that the area plan had set. Another form of planning went into effect in 1995, but the relationships amongst the players of the real estate game remain ambiguous. The four-party misunderstanding continues.
Brussels, capital of Europe: a sustainable choice?
Authors: Van Parijs Philippe , Van Parys Jonathan 
Published: January 2017

There are many criteria which determine whether a city is a good capital. Ecological considerations lead us to place more emphasis on one criterion in particular, i.e. the more or less central location of the capital within the territory. Which European city meets this criterion best? Is the choice of Brussels as capital of the European Union likely to withstand the growing importance of this criterion and the continued enlargement towards the east? In order to answer these questions, this article defines four centres of gravity – “diplomatic”, “demographic”, “metropolitan” and “civic” – using new databases and computation techniques. Within the framework of the EU-27, Prague comes first from a “diplomatic” point of view, Frankfurt from a “demographic” point of view, Luxembourg from a “metropolitan” point of view and Brussels from a “civic” point of view. In a maximalist scenario of enlargement towards the east, this group is replaced by Vienna, Munich, Strasbourg and Brussels. The fourth criterion – which is the most favourable to Brussels – is also, on the surface, the most unstable. This article ends with a discussion of the mechanisms which are likely to ensure that Brussels will keep the “civic centrality” imparted to it historically by chance.
Les mouvements de voix dans la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale entre l’élection régionale de juin 2009 et le scrutin fédéral du 13 juin 2010
Authors: Delwit Pascal , Gassner Marjorie , Pilet Jean-Benoit , van Haute Emilie 
Published: January 2017

Dans l’espace politique bruxellois, l’élection fédérale du 13 juin 2010 n’a pas occasionné des mouvements de voix aussi spectaculaires qu’en Flandre ou qu’en Wallonie si l’on se réfère aux élections intervenues en 2007. Des changements importants s’y donnent néanmoins à voir, en particulier la progression du parti socialiste et le recul électoral du Mouvement réformateur. Il est néanmoins intéressant, dans le timing de la vie politique et électorale, de se reporter au dernier scrutin en date – les élections régionales bruxelloises de 2009 – pour analyser les mouvements intervenus dans le temps « court » de la vie politique, où cette dernière est rythmée par des événements et des changements qui affectent, parfois rapidement les perceptions et les représentations des partis et de la vie politique. Ce sont les mouvements entre l’élection régionale 2009 et l’élection fédérale de 2010 que nous analysons dans cette contribution. Le travail se fonde sur une enquête « sortie des urnes » organisée par le Centre d’étude de la vie politique de l’Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) auprès de 3 000 Bruxellois.
Verschuivingen in het stemgedrag in het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest tussen de regionale verkiezingen van juni 2009 en de federale stembusgang van 13 juni 2010
Authors: Delwit Pascal , Gassner Marjorie , Pilet Jean-Benoit , van Haute Emilie 
Published: January 2017

Binnen de Brusselse politieke ruimte heeft de federale verkiezing van 13 juni 2010 niet zulke spectaculaire verschuivingen in stemgedrag teweeg gebracht als in Vlaanderen of in Wallonië wanneer we vergelijken met de verkiezingen van 2007. Desalniettemin zijn er belangrijke veranderingen vast te stellen, voornamelijk de vooruitgang van de Parti Socialiste (PS) en het electorale verlies van de Mouvement Réformateur (MR). Binnen het kader van de timing van het politieke en electorale leven is het toch interessant te kijken naar de laatste stembusgang – de Brusselse regionale verkiezingen van 2009 – om de bewegingen te analyseren die hebben plaatsgevonden op politiek “korte” termijn, terwijl het politieke leven eigenlijk toch geritmeerd wordt door evenementen en veranderingen die soms zeer snel de percepties en de representaties rond de partijen en rond het politieke leven beïnvloeden. Het zijn de verschuivingen tussen de regionale verkiezing van 2009 en de federale verkiezing van 2010 die we in deze bijdrage analyseren. Deze analyse baseert zich op een “exit poll” die door het Centre d’étude de la vie politique van de Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) afgenomen werd bij 3 000 Brusselaars.
True political representation of disadvantaged neighbourhoods?
Authors: de Maesschalck Filip 
Published: January 2017

This article examines where Brussels parliamentary members live, looking at the evolution of this phenomenon over the past 20 years. The central question focuses on whether different neighbourhoods within the Brussels Capital Region also experienced a different pattern of representation throughout this period. The analysis shows that the centrally located poor neighbourhoods had little if any representation at the end of the 1980s, but that this underrepresentation gradually decreased and has now just about completely disappeared. The increasing number of parliamentary members of non-European origin has played a role in this evolution, but other parliamentary members are also increasingly living in centrally located neighbourhoods. Furthermore, historical anchoring in certain areas continues to play a role. There are major differences between the political ideologies which broadly follow a left-right continuum, and which are also increasing. The increasing representation of the central urban neighbourhoods simultaneously creates opportunities and challenges for urban policy. Although a lack of policy interest in these neighbourhoods is becoming increasingly unlikley, this does not necessarily go hand in hand with an increase in the amount of attention paid to the current residents within these neighbourhoods.
La croissance économique sans le progrès social : l’état des lieux à Bruxelles
Authors: Van Hamme Gilles , Wertz Isaline , Biot Valérie 
Published: January 2017

L’article s’interroge sur les évolutions économiques et sociales de Bruxelles au cours des deux dernières décennies. Malgré des évolutions économiques favorables au cours de cette période, la situation sociale a continué à se dégrader, avec des taux de chômage de plus en plus élevés et des inégalités sociales croissantes. Bien que cette situation se retrouve dans les autres grandes villes belges, elle est nettement plus marquée à Bruxelles. En cause, de multiples dynamiques, parmi lesquelles l’évolution de la demande de main d’œuvre vers des exigences de plus en plus élevées en termes de qualification joue un rôle important en excluant du marché du travail les personnes les moins qualifiées. On insiste aussi sur le rôle aggravant de la concentration spatiale de populations fragiles, particulièrement forte à Bruxelles. L’article conclut en s’interrogeant sur la pertinence des politiques régionales, notamment en ce qu’elles mettent l’accent sur le positionnement international de Bruxelles.
Les jeunesses bruxelloises : inégalité sociale et diversité culturelle
Authors: Rea Andrea , Nagels Carla , Christiaens Jenneke 
Published: January 2017

A l’occasion du meurtre de Joe Van Holsbeeck, de multiples jeunesses sont apparues : celle qui réussit bien à l’école et qui milite pour de bonnes causes ; les éternels suspects sur qui l’on jette l’opprobre sans sommation ; les jeunes invisibles que les caméras de surveillance révèlent. La générosité et la menace sont deux attributs prêtés aux jeunesses en confrontation. Ce fait divers dramatique ne peut se réduire à la violence des jeunes. Il faut interroger la tendance persistante à disqualifier certaines jeunesses bruxelloises, l’accroissement de leur précarité d’existence, l’adversité croissante entre les jeunes aux origines sociales et ethniques diverses. Dans l’ouvrage Réussir Bruxelles de 1989, édité par Charles Picqué, le chapitre consacré à la jeunesse évoquait la faible place accordée à cette population. Vingt ans plus tard, le constat n’a pas changé. Au contraire, sous certains aspects la situation s’est dégradée. Pourtant, la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale dispose d’une importante jeunesse qui constitue plus une source d’opportunités qu’un handicap, même si ce discours est peu dominant. Les jeunes sont trop souvent traités sous le prisme des problèmes sociaux. Cette contribution, hélas, n’échappera pas totalement à cette tendance.
The Importance of Operating Budgets in Estimating the Revenues and Expenses in the Industrial Companies Operated in the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority
Authors: Wedyan Lu'ay Mohammad , Jaradat Muneer Mohamad , Bshayreh Mohammad Mahmoud 
Published: January 2017

Abstract The study aimed to investigate the importance of budgets in estimating the revenues and expenses in the industrial companies operated in the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority as an attempt to fined the solution and recommendations which increase the budgets efficiency in estimate of revenues and expenses. The researchers designed a questionnaire for collecting needed data, the questionnaires were analyzed statistically to test the hypotheses and analyzed the results. The most important of the study's results; that the budgets are a financial and quantitative achievement of the objectives, There is an organizational and accounting structure to identify the items of the operating activities in the budgets, using budgets leads to distributing the available resources on the productive departments accurately and in preparing budgets, there is a standard costs system for identifying the production costs as well as the operating activities. The recommendations of this study represent in use the statistical methods in estimating the revenues and costs when preparing the operating budgets, the revenues budget (income) should be taken care of and it should be considered as the main tool for linking all the production activities with the operating objectives, budgets should be prepared in an organizational and accounting structure and depend on all the administrative levels in identifying the available resources on the operating activities
La obra como crítica : nueva Biblioteca de la Universidad del Biobío
Authors: García A. Rodrigo 
Published: January 2017

La crítica no necesariamente puede ser una expresión verbal, sino también material, especialmente en arquitectura. Un edificio puede otorgar una nueva perspectiva sobre la situación general, además de resolver su demanda específica de habitabilidad. Esta acción parece transcurrir en la nueva Biblioteca de la Universidad del Bio-Bío (Concepción), a partir del diseño de los arquitectos Rubén Muñoz y Rodrigo Villalobos, docentes y egresados de la misma institución. El edificio posee una actividad funcional y una distinción formal, que delata controversia. Por lo que su desarrollo
arquitectónico invita a revisar las posibilidades críticas de una obra en su contexto.
Tecnologías digitales en la arquitectura contemporánea y la ilusión de objetividad en los procesos de diseño
Authors: Rossel Diego , Loyola Mauricio 
Published: January 2017

Este artículo intenta poner al descubierto las contradicciones que existen entre los argumentos racionalistas y las arbitrariedades formales que hoy se observan en el uso de tecnologías digitales en la arquitectura contemporánea. Al mismo tiempo, se pretende reconocer y poner en valor a los
aspectos subjetivos, arbitrarios y no cuantificables que existen en las decisiones de diseño.
Desenredando el pensamiento proyectual : una mirada desde el fenómeno creativo a tres componentes del diseño arquitectónico
Authors: Soza Pedro 
Published: January 2017

Usando técnicas de estudios de protocolo, esta investigación observó cómo en la mente de 16 arquitectos se desarrollan tres procesos cognitivos: la imaginería visual, la percepción visual y la activación de conocimiento semántico alojado
en la memoria de largo plazo, que interactuaban durante la creación de propuestas de diseño arquitectónico. Los resultados sugieren que el alto rendimiento en términos del nivel de creatividad que mostraron los proyectos mejor evaluados obedece al uso intensivo de conocimiento semántico de sus autores y no a sus habilidades de procesamiento visual –perceptual o imaginado– como podría pensarse
Una nueva centralidad lineal en el eje norte-sur : Reconvirtiendo el espacio-autopista del tramo Río Mapocho-Parque O’Higgins en un espacio urbano de encuentro e integración
Authors: Fernández Max , Moder Daniel , Ponce Diego 
Published: January 2017

El siguiente artículo aborda la reconversión de un tramo de autopista urbana en un nuevo espacio urbano vital. Tres estudiantes de Arquitectura de tercer año de la Universidad de Chile aprovecharon la oportunidad de proponer una nueva centralidad lineal para la ciudad de Santiago, Chile; un lugar de encuentro y de integración en el ámbito público que recupera una área urbana perdida. Equipo Docente: Gonzalo Arze + Constantino Mawromatis + Felipe Corvalán.
Activaciones temporales en espacios de uso público: Una experiencia de diseño colectivo desde el taller de arquitectura.
Authors: Aguilar Pérez Rodrigo 
Published: January 2017

El proyecto surge como una iniciativa que intenta, a través de la docencia centrada en el taller de El proyecto surge como una iniciativa que intenta, a través de la docencia centrada en el taller de diseño arquitectónico de la Universidad de Chile, permitir la ejecución de una intervención de carácter temporal y con un alto grado de impacto en un espacio público con poco uso y con características de abandono. Por otra parte, el proyecto pretende acercar la labor docente a una realidad tangible, instalando en los estudiantes algunos aprendizajes relacionadas a la capacidad de diseño adecuado a contextos de lugar, fomentando el trabajo colectivo, mediante la participación de los usuarios y de los propios estudiantes.
Desde esta perspectiva, el proyecto plantea la elaboración por parte de los estudiantes, de un diseño de pequeña escala en la terraza superior de las pasarelas de la Remodelación San Borja, emplazado en la Comuna de Santiago, que hoy se encuentra en condiciones de vulnerabilidad y con un apreciable deterioro en cuanto a sus espacios públicos. A partir del conjunto de ideas elaboradas por los estudiantes y socializadas con los actores relevantes del lugar (asociaciones vecinales), se plantea una modalidad de concurso, para elegir el trabajo que reúne las mejores condiciones en cuanto a su impacto urbano con la menor cantidad posible de recursos, teniendo como marco conceptual lo que denominamos como arquitecturas frágiles.
Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Vinpocetine and Folic Acid in the Presence of a Vinpocetine Alkaline Degradation Product in Bulk and in Capsule Form
Authors: Elkady Ehab F , Tammam Marwa H , Mohamed Ayman A 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
An alkaline-forced degradation hydrolytic product of vinpocetine was prepared and characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and MS. Subsequently, a simple, selective, and validated reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of vinpocetine and folic acid in the presence of a vinpocetine alkaline degradation product. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile–0.02 M KH2PO4 [containing 0.2% (v/v) triethylamine and adjusted to pH 6 with orthophosphoric acid; (80 + 20, v/v)] at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min at ambient temperature ona Eurospher II C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column, with UV detection at 280 nm for folic acid and 230 nm for vinpocetine and its alkaline hydrolytic product. Linearity, accuracy, and precision were found to beacceptable over a concentration range of 12.5–200 μg/mL for vinpocetine and 1–16 μg/mL for folic acid. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of both drugs and avinpocetine hydrolysis product in a laboratory-prepared mixture and in a capsule containing both drugs.
Perinatal injury of the central nervous system in Lithuania from 1997 to 2014
Authors: Basys Vytautas , Drazdienė Nijolė , Vezbergienė Nijolė , Isakova Jelena 
Published: January 2017

Background. Perinatal CNS injuries are significant for the health of neonates and for child development at a later period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the frequency of perinatal CNS lesions (corresponding to ICD 10 code P91) over a 20-year period, using the data collected from the Lithuanian Medical Data of Births (Registry of Births).
Material and methods. In total, data of 559,164 newborns were analyzed.
Results. During the period from 1997 to 2014, the frequency of term newborns with perinatal CNS injury decreased almost two times, from 20.4/1000 live births in 1997 to 15.5/1000 live births in 2014, or from 3.12% (95% CI 2.95; 3.31) to 1.46% (95% CI 1.32; 1.61). In 18 years, the rate of infant mortality from perinatal CNS injury decreased by more than four times and in 2014 it was 0.3/1000 births; it accounts for 11% of neonatal mortality (2.6/1000 live births). The largest decrease of CNS injury was seen after a caesarean birth (from 13.7% in 1999 to 1.7% in 2014) and breech delivery (from 9.7% in 1999 to 0.8% in 2014). Analysis of the dynamics of perinatal CNS injury in preterm births in selected groups did not identify a significant positive shift during the period. When evaluating the level of childbirth services in different-level maternity hospitals, CNS injury is undoubtedly diminished in 2B-level maternity hospitals (regional). Also, positive dynamics was observed in the data of 2A-level maternity hospitals, while in 3-level maternity hospitals (university hospitals), which deal with the most complicated obstetrical pathology and preterm newborns, positive dynamics was not observed. It is estimated that the frequency of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was 0.63/1000 live births in Lithuania in 1993.
Conclusions. The frequency of perinatal CNS injury and its positive dynamics in over 18 years shows a progressive and scientifically-based perinatal health care organization in Lithuania.
Omnidirectional broadband acoustic deflector based on metamaterials
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liang Bin , Zou Xin-ye , Yang Jing , Yang Jun , Cheng Jian-chun 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We report a theoretical, numerical, and experimental work on the design of an omnidirectional acoustic deflector capable of redirecting an incident wave to propagate along a predesigned direction over a broad frequency range, regardless of the incidence angle. An implementation by metamaterials is demonstrated both in simulation and experiment, with both showing the effectiveness of our scheme as long as the effective medium approximation stands. With the capability of omnidirectional broadband deflection and the flexibility of a controllable tuning angle, our design opens a route to the development of wave-steering devices and has great application potentials in various situations such as on-chip acoustic manipulations.
Numerical analysis of monocrystalline silicon solar cells with fine nanoimprinted textured surface
Authors: Yoshinaga Seiya , Ishikawa Yasuaki , Araki Shinji , Honda Tatsuki , Jiang Yunjiang , Uraoka Yukiharu 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We investigated the surface reflectance of nanoimprinted textures on silicon. Zirconium oxide, which is a wide-bandgap inorganic dielectric material, was used as the texturing material. We performed several calculations to optimize the textures for the production of high-efficiency bulk-type monocrystalline silicon solar cells. Our analysis revealed that nanoimprinted textured solar cells exhibit a lower reverse saturation current density than a solar cell with a conventional etched texture. It was also confirmed that the photocarrier generation rate for a solar cell with a submicron-scale nanoimprinted texture has little dependence on the texture shape. Furthermore, the weighted average reflectance of an optimized nanoimprinted textured solar cell was substantially reduced to 3.72%, suggesting that texture formation by nanoimprint lithography is an extremely effective technology for producing high-efficiency solar cells at a low cost.