bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing the Arguments in Favour of Politicisation of Muslim Immigrants in the EU
Authors: Omidi Ali , Bahramipour Fereshteh , Barati Sahar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In recent decades, the phenomenon of international immigration has witnessed a dramatic increase, propelled by factors such as globalisation, escalating poverty and hunger, environmental degradation, war, and civil unrest. Since 2015, a notable surge in immigration from Muslim-majority countries to Europe has occurred, attributed to the geographic proximity of Europe to crisis-ridden areas like the Middle East and North Africa. On the other hand, in recent years, extreme right-wing and racist tendencies have proliferated across nearly all European nations. Immigrants, particularly those of Muslim faith, have become easy scapegoats for these right-wing elements, portraying them as threats to European identity, values, culture, and economy. This article aims to delve into the perception of Europeans towards Muslim immigrants, addressing the pivotal question: Is the immigration of individuals from Muslim countries to the European Union a genuine threat or a constructed one? The paper systematically deconstructs the primary arguments depicting Muslim immigrants as threats to the security, identity, and economy of European countries. It rigorously contends that this perceived threat is predominantly constructed by certain right-wing politicians and media outlets.
Indian Ocean Intermediate Water Masses and Their Simulations by CMIP6 Models
Authors: Zhou Jihao , Li Yuanlong , Du Yan , Hong Yu , Lu Lei , Lu Ying , Wang Wei-Lei , Wang Fan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Water masses are carriers of anthropogenic fingerprints in the ocean interior, with their property changes manifesting oceanic thermodynamic responses to climate change. Yet, delimiting ocean water masses remains challenging in either observational atlas or climate models. This study analyzes the distribution of Indian Ocean seawater in the density–spicity space and uses volumetric maxima and minima between σ = 27.1 and 27.4 kg m−3 to track the cores and boundaries of intermediate water masses, respectively. In addition to the well-known Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Red Sea–Persian Gulf Intermediate Water (RS-PGIW), two other water masses are identified by the new approach. One is the Indian-AAIW (I-AAIW), as a mixture of the AAIW and the Indonesian Throughflow water, existing in the South Equatorial Current and the Agulhas Current system. The other [equatorial Indian Intermediate Water (EIIW)] exits in the equatorial Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal, sourced from the RS-PGIW and overlying fresh waters. These waters are corroborated by nutrient and dissolved oxygen data. Around half (26 out of 51) of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) models can reasonably simulate these intermediate water masses. Compared with the observed water masses, the intermediate water masses in models are of a smaller thickness and the RS-PGIW is colder and fresher. The former arises from a warm bias in the thermocline, whereas the latter is likely linked to insufficient ventilation in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf in models owing to coarse grid resolution and a surface cold bias.

Significance Statement
Oceanic water masses are important for understanding climate change. Yet, the definition of water masses is controversial. Here, we use volumetric minima in the density–spicity space to track the boundaries of intermediate (27.1–27.4 kg m−3) water masses in the Indian Ocean. We identify four water masses: AAIW, I-AAIW, EIIW, and RS-PGIW. We delineate the geographical location of each water mass, including two newly identified water masses (I-AAIW and EIIW). We also examined the performance of 51 CMIP6 models in simulating these water masses and found that 26 models can reasonably simulate the distribution of these water masses. There are two systematic model biases emerging from these models. The intermediate water masses in models are of a thinner thickness arising from a warm bias in the thermocline, and the RS-PGIW is colder and fresher owing to insufficient ventilation in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. These results provide a useful benchmark for understanding water masses in a changing climate and constraining climate models.
Disentangling the Complexities of How Underlying Surface Thermal Factors Influence July Precipitation in Eastern China
Authors: Dong Xuan , Chen Haishan , Zhou Yang , Hsu Pang-chi , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Precipitation in eastern China exhibits large interannual variability during July with the northward movement of the monsoon rain belt. Thus, eastern China usually experiences severe droughts and floods in July. However, the influences of underlying surface thermal drivers, particularly the land factors, remain poorly understood. This study investigates the leading modes of July precipitation in eastern China and their potential influencing factors. The first and second empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes show meridional dipole and tripolar precipitation anomalies in eastern China, respectively. The EOF1 mode is found to be closely associated with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans in June, while the EOF2 mode is mainly linked to anomalous Indian Ocean SST and Indochina Peninsula soil moisture in June. During years with a strong El Niño–South Oscillation (ENSO) signal, the EOF1 mode is mainly related to the enhanced Walker and Hadley circulations associated with the cold tropical Pacific SST anomalies. In contrast, during years with a weak ENSO signal, the Eurasian midlatitude wave train and the westward zonal overturning circulation associated with tripole-like North Atlantic SST anomalies play a leading role. The EOF2 mode is mainly influenced by Indian Ocean SST anomalies that alter the Walker circulation and by soil moisture anomalies in the Indochina Peninsula that induce an anomalous regional cyclonic circulation. Numerical experiments further demonstrated that the combined effects of soil moisture and SST exert a more substantial impact than their individual effects. These results emphasize the importance of surface thermal factors in understanding regional climate dynamics.
Contrasting Precipitation Variations over the Himalayas–Southeastern Tibetan Plateau in Winter: Insights from the Perspectives of Anthropogenic Warming and Arctic Sea Ice Variations
Authors: Liu Yong , Chen Wenfeng , Li Xiangyu , Zhang Zhongshi , Chen Huopo , Niu Xiaorui , Hu Qin , Chen Deliang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Climate warming has caused widespread glacier retreat across the Tibetan Plateau (TP), with notable impacts observed in both the western Himalayas and southeastern TP. Remarkably, over the past two decades, the rate of glacier mass loss has remained stable or even declined in the western Himalayas, whereas a contrasting trend of acceleration has been evident in the southeastern TP. Among various factors considered, the contrasting winter precipitation pattern across the Himalayas–southeastern TP stands out as an important contributor to the observed differences in glacier mass balances. However, the underlying mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain unclear. Here, we provide evidence of a noticeable shift in the climate regime due to anthropogenic warming, altering atmospheric circulation patterns. This, in turn, has led to a significant change in the dominant winter precipitation pattern, favoring the observed contrasting glacier mass balances trend in winter. Additionally, the Barents–Kara Sea ice has emerged as a plausible driver of the interannual variability of the contrasting precipitation pattern, acting by exerting force on the atmosphere and stimulating the Rossby wave propagation. Consequently, it led to the opposite vertical motion and alterations in the moisture budget between the western Himalayas and southeastern TP. Thus, it is crucial to consider the unprecedented anthropogenic warming and Arctic Sea ice variations as potential drivers shaping both past and future glacier behaviors within this domain.
A Simple Model for Predicting Tropical Cyclone Minimum Central Pressure from Intensity and Size
Authors: Chavas Daniel R. , Knaff John A. , Klotzbach Phil 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Minimum central pressure (Pmin) is an integrated measure of the tropical cyclone wind field and is known to be a useful indicator of storm damage potential. A simple model that predicts Pmin from routinely estimated quantities, including storm size, would be of great value. Here, we present a simple linear empirical model for predicting Pmin from maximum wind speed, a radius of 34-kt (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1) winds (R34kt), storm center latitude, and the environmental pressure. An empirical model for the pressure deficit is first developed that takes as predictors specific combinations of these quantities that are derived directly from theory based on gradient wind balance and a modified Rankine-type wind profile known to capture storm structure inside of R34kt. Model coefficients are estimated using data from the southwestern North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific from 2004 to 2022 using aircraft-based estimates of Pmin, extended best track data, and estimates of environmental pressure from Global Forecast System (GFS) analyses. The model has a near-zero conditional bias even for low Pmin, explaining 94.2% of the variance. Performance is superior to a variety of other model formulations, including a standard wind–pressure model that does not account for storm size or latitude (89.2% variance explained). Model performance is also strong when applied to high-latitude data and data near coastlines. Finally, the model is shown to perform comparably well in an operation-like setting based solely on routinely estimated variables, including the pressure of the outermost closed isobar. Case study applications to five impactful historical storms are discussed. Overall, the model offers a simple, fast, physically based prediction for Pmin for practical use in operations and research.

Significance Statement
Sea level pressure is lowest at the center of a hurricane and is routinely estimated in operational forecasting along with the maximum wind speed. While the latter is currently used to define hurricane intensity, the minimum pressure is also a viable measure of storm intensity that is known to better represent damage risk. A simple empirical model that predicts the minimum pressure from maximum wind speed and size, and based on the physics of the hurricane wind field, does not currently exist. This work develops such a model by using wind field physics to determine the important parameters and then uses a simple statistical model to make the final prediction. This model is quick and easy to use in weather forecasting and risk assessment applications.
Prevalence of mental illness among Australian and New Zealand people in prison: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published over five decades
Authors: Yee Natalia , Browne Christie , Rahman Farzana , Dean Kimberlie 
Published: September 2024

Background: The higher rate of mental illness, including severe psychotic disorders, among people in prisons compared to the general community is well-established. However, there have been no reviews or attempts to pool data on the reported prevalence of mental illness across prisons in Australia and New Zealand. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases from 1966 to the end of 2020 was conducted to identify studies reporting rates of ‘any’ mental illness, and separately rates of psychotic illness, among adult men and women in Australian and New Zealand prisons. A meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021241946), with separate analyses conducted for lifetime and current prevalence rates. Results: Seventeen studies, with a total of 10,209 people in prison, met inclusion criteria. The pooled lifetime prevalence of ‘any’ mental illness was 69.0% (95% confidence interval = [0.56, 0.79]), and the pooled lifetime prevalence for psychosis was 9.1% (95% confidence interval = [0.07, 0.12]). Meanwhile, the pooled prevalence for ‘any’ current mental illness was 54.0% (95% confidence interval = [0.39, 0.68]) and for any current psychosis was 6.4% (95% confidence interval = [0.04, 0.10]). There was substantial heterogeneity between studies, with evidence that lifetime rates of psychosis have increased over time, with true prevalence estimates in 95% of all comparable populations falling between 2.7% and 26.4%. Conclusion: The prevalence of mental illness, including severe psychotic illness, is high in Australian and New Zealand prisons. Furthermore, there is evidence that the prevalence of psychosis may be increasing over time, indicating more effort is needed to ensure diversion of people with mental illness away from the criminal justice system and into healthcare pathways.
Search Friction and Costly Entry in the Specific Factors Model
Authors: Chau Nancy H. 
Published: September 2024

In this article, I echo Jones (1965) and sketch a model rooted in search frictions and costly entry to demonstrate by example how central features of simple general equilibrium models can show up as ‘retranslated properties in diverse areas’. By uncovering and imparting popular understanding about these central features of simple general equilibrium models, the legacy of Professor Jones’s contributions transcends diverse disciplines in economics, extending well beyond the theory of international trade. JEL Codes: D5, F1, J6
FDI, Financial Development and Economic Growth: Evidence from Select Indian States
Authors: Sahoo Swarnamanjari 
Published: September 2024

This article examines the foreign direct investment (FDI)-growth nexus by controlling for the level of financial development in a panel of six individual states of India from 2001 to 2018. By using pooled mean group estimation technique, the study finds that financial development encourages economic growth while FDI has a negative impact on output growth in the long run. However, a higher level of financial development allows states to benefit more from FDI, suggesting that financial development helps in enhancing the FDI impact on output growth. JEL Codes: E20, F21, F10
Trusting AI made decisions in healthcare by making them explainable
Authors: Žlahtič Bojan , Završnik Jernej , Kokol Peter , Blažun Vošner Helena , Sobotkiewicz Nina , Antolinc Schaubach Barbara , Kirbiš Simona 
Published: September 2024

Objectives In solving the trust issues surrounding machine learning algorithms whose reasoning cannot be understood, advancements can be made toward the integration of machine learning algorithms into mHealth applications. The aim of this paper is to provide a transparency layer to black-box machine learning algorithms and empower mHealth applications to maximize their efficiency. Methods Using a machine learning testing framework, we present the process of knowledge transfer between a white-box model and a black-box model and the evaluation process to validate the success of the knowledge transfer. Results The presentation layer of the final output of the base white-box model and the knowledge-infused white-box model shows clear differences in reasoning. The correlation between the base black-box model and the new knowledge-infused model is very high, indicating that the knowledge transfer was successful. Conclusion There is a clear need for transparency in digital health and health in general. Adding solutions to the toolbox of explainable artificial intelligence is one way to gradually decrease the obscurity of black-box models.
Are important predictors of adverse outcome in children with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection overlooked in clinical settings?
Authors: Đaković Ivana , Kostović Ivica , Vulin Katarina , Prvčić Iva , Tešović Goran , Krakar Goran , Gojmerac Tomislav , Sekelj Fureš Jadranka , Mejaški Bošnjak Vlatka 
Published: September 2024

Objective Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is a common, frequently unrecognized cause of childhood disability. The aim of the present study was to determine the symptoms that raise the suspicion of cCMV, define the neurodevelopmental outcomes, and assess their correlations. Methods This longitudinal observational study comprised 78 children with symptomatic cCMV who underwent neuropediatric follow-up for 4 to 17.9 years. Results Symptoms of central nervous system involvement, hearing/visual impairments, and hepatic involvement were mostly recognized. The average age of disease suspicion was 3.3 months. In terms of outcomes, 10.53% of the children developed complex minor neurological dysfunction and 23.68% developed cerebral palsy. Visual and hearing impairments occurred in 38.16% and 14.47% of patients, respectively. Intellectual disability was present in 30.26% of patients, and epilepsy in 21.05%. Microcephaly and hearing impairment was significantly associated with overall neurodevelopmental outcome. Microcephaly was also associated with poor motor outcomes, hearing impairment, and severe visual impairment. Furthermore, microcephaly and intrauterine growth restriction were significantly associated with poor cognitive outcomes. Conclusion Symptoms that raised the suspicion of cCMV—especially microcephaly, hearing impairment, and intrauterine growth restriction—were important parameters that were associated with outcomes; however, their recognition was often insufficient and/or late.
Flexible inner surface of polysulfone membranes prevents platelet adhesive protein adsorption and improves antithrombogenicity in vitro
Authors: Takatsuji Ryo , Koremoto Masahide , Fujimoto Yoko , Saida Yuko , Hatanaka Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2024

Background: We investigated whether the condition of the inner surface of hollow fibers affects the blood compatibility of hemodialyzers. Methods: We used scanning probe microscope/atomic force microscopy (SPM/AFM) to investigate the height of the swelling and flexible layers (thickness and softness) on the inner surfaces of the hollow fibers. Next, we tested the blood compatibility between dialyzers comprising a hollow fiber membrane, in which the other dialyzers, except for PVP, were additionally coated using PS membranes coated with other materials. After blood was injected into the dialyzer and plugged, dynamic stimulation was performed by slightly rotating the dialyzer for 4 h, although there was no blood circulation. Results: The vitamin E-coated polysulfone (PS) membrane showed a higher thickness and softness of the flexible layer than the asymmetric cellulose triacetate membrane without polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and the PS membranes with PVP. We found that the dialyzer with vitamin E coating significantly suppressed the decrease in platelets, increase in β-TG, and increase in PF4 compared to those coated with NV polymer. Additionally, as the adsorbed protein on the inner surface, the total protein, fibronectin, and vWF levels were significantly lower in the vitamin E-coated dialyzer. Conclusion: The thickness and softness of the flexible layer of the inner surface of the hollow fiber membrane in vitro affect differences in blood coagulation performance in clinical research. Future clinical trials are required to confirm our results.
En-bloc resection of non-muscle invasive urinary bladder tumors using low power Holmium laser—A new promise
Authors: Choudhury Sunirmal , Ahmed Shahbaaz , Sasmal Surajit , Patel Prakhar 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Urinary bladder tumors are one of the most common urological malignancies. Traditionally, it has been initially managed with conventional trans-urethral resection of urinary bladder tumors (cTURBT) which has certain drawbacks and complications. Efforts have been made to find newer methods for management. In this study, we have used low power Holmium laser en-bloc resection and have assessed its safety, efficacy and feasibility. Materials and methods: Forty patients have been included in this prospective observational study who underwent low power Holmium laser en-bloc resection of urinary bladder tumor after taking Institutional ethical committee clearance and informed consent from all the patients. Intra-operative and post-operative data were collected. Results: The average tumor size was 21.68 ± 9.55 mm. Out of those, 65% of the patients had a tumor less than 3 cm in size. Fourteen patients (35%) had tumors at multiple sites. The average duration of resection per tumor was 24.84 ± 6.83 min. None of the cases required conversion to cTURBT. There was no obturator reflex or urinary bladder perforation in any of the cases. Detrusor muscle was present in the histopathology reports of 92.5% patients. The average duration of catheterization was 1.82 ± 0.61 days. Conclusion: For NMIBC’s, low power Holmium laser en-bloc resection is a safe procedure with minimum risk of complications. High rate of detrusor-positive specimens indicates its efficacy and feasibility.
Attitudes Towards Dementia Among a Diverse Group of Refugees Resettled in the United States
Authors: Kaki Dahlia A. , Bridi Lana , Mwendwa Purity , Aso Maryam , Behnam Rawnaq , Bencheikh Nissma , Albahsahli Behnan , Khan Xara , Aljenabi Raghad , Sideman Alissa Bernstein , Moore Alison , Al-Rousan Tala 
Published: September 2024

Background Forced migration results in exposure to trauma, interrupted access to healthcare, and loss of social support and may increase dementia risk. Literature on refugees’ knowledge of dementia and its risk factors is scant. This study investigates refugee perspectives on dementia and their access to cognitive healthcare in the United States (US). Methods We conducted 6 focus groups and 30 individual in-depth interviews (total of 69 participants) with Arab, African, and Afghan refugees resettled in San Diego, California. Data was coded using inductive thematic analysis. Results Organized by the socioecological model of health, the following themes emerged: (1) mental trauma due to migration was linked to dementia (individual); (2) fear of dementia and burdening caregivers due to limited support systems (interpersonal); (3) reliance on virtual communities for dementia information and the stress of local community loss increasing dementia risk (community); (4) healthcare providers, both in the US and in refugee camps, didn’t address cognitive health concerns (institutions); and (5) discriminatory immigration and healthcare policies as barriers to healthy aging (policy). Discussion Despite being a heterogeneous group, refugees share specific experiences, knowledge gaps, and barriers to healthy aging. Tailored interventions and policies are needed to address this population’s cognitive health needs. This includes addressing their mental health and social support concerns as well as training clinicians to screen for/discuss dementia with aging refugee patients.