bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of intravenous or epidural methadone in conscious dogs
Authors: Vieira B. H. B. , Nishimura L. T. , Carvalho L. L. , Auckburally A. , Mattos‐Junior E. 
Published: May 2017

Cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of intravenous or epidural methadone were compared. Six beagles were randomly assigned to group MIV (methadone 0.5 mg/kg IV + NaCl 0.9% epidurally) or MEP (methadone 0.5 mg/kg epidurally + NaCl 0.9% IV). Cardiopulmonary, blood gas and sedation were assessed at time (T) 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 min after drug administration. Compared to T0, heart rate decreased at T15–T120 in MIV (p < .001) and T15–T240 in MEP (p < .05); mean arterial pressure was reduced at T15–T60 in MEP (p < .01); respiratory rate was higher at T15 and T30 in both groups (p < .05); pH was lower at T15–T120 in MIV (p < .01) and T15, T30 and T120 in MEP (p < .05); PaCO2 was higher at T15–T60 in MIV (p < .01) and T15, T30 and T120 in MEP (p < .01); sedation scores were higher at T15 and T30 in MIV and T15–T60 in MEP (p < .05). At T120 and T240, sedation score was higher in group MEP compared with group MIV (p < .01) In conclusion, cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of identical methadone doses are similar when administered IV or epidurally to conscious healthy dogs.
Arboreality in acacia rats (Thallomys paedulcus; Rodentia, Muridae): gaits and gait metrics
Authors: Karantanis N.‐E. , Rychlik L. , Herrel A. , Youlatos D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe acacia rat Thallomys paedulcus is a small arboreal rodent, extensively dependent on Acacia sp. trees. In order to understand the arboreal locomotor adaptations of the species, we examined their gaits in arboreal locomotion (i.e. diagonality, duty factor, duty factor index, velocity, and stride length and frequency). For these purposes, we filmed 12 captive specimens on simulated arboreal substrates of variable sizes (2 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 25 mm) and inclinations (0° and 45°). Acacia rats employed slow, symmetrical gaits with lower diagonality on the smaller substrates, which were progressively substituted by faster, asymmetrical half‐bounding gaits on larger substrates. In general, inclination had no impact on gait metrics, except that ascents were slower than horizontal locomotion. Velocity increase was regulated primarily due to an increase in stride frequency, a pattern encountered in many small mammals, although stride length contributed significantly as well. These locomotor adaptations serve as a behavioural mechanism to cope with the challenges of the arboreal milieu. They appear to provide stability and enable safe negotiation of arboreal substrates, ultimately leading to the successful exploitation of Acacia trees in their natural habitat.
Phytoplankton composition and biomass in tropical soda Lake Shala: seasonal changes in response to environmental drivers
Authors: Ogato Tadesse , Kifle Demeke 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlthough soda lakes are valuable, sensitive aquatic resources where phytoplankton play a decisive role for the entire ecological functions, they are among the least‐studied ecosystems. Seasonal variations in phytoplankton composition, abundance and biomass in relation to some environmental parameters of the little known, deep, large, volcanic and saline–alkaline Lake Shala were investigated over an annual cycle. The lake phytoplankton community consisted of relatively diverse taxa (23) belonging to Bacillariophyceae, Cryptophyta, Cyanoprokaryota and Dinophyta. Bacillariophyceae and Cryptophyta were the dominant groups throughout the annual cycle, accounting for about 57% and 22% of the total number of species, and 28% and 69% of the total abundance of the phytoplankton community, respectively. Cryptomonas spp. were most abundant throughout nearly all months, contributing about 59%–95% of total phytoplankton abundance, followed by Thalassiosira sp. (1%–35%). The chlorophyll‐a concentration, as a proxy for algal biomass, was generally low (mean 17 μg L−1), exhibiting only small seasonal variation. The strong, inverse relation of chlorophyll‐a with water transparency (r = −0.69; n = 11) and the persistent dominance of species adapted to low‐light conditions and mixing suggest the overriding importance of these factors in controlling the lake's phytoplankton. The results of the present study generally suggest the phytoplankton composition and biomass in Lake Shala exhibited muted seasonal changes, despite the environmental perturbations, probably because of the lake's high buffering capacity against allochthonous impacts because of its voluminous nature.
Widespread hybridization within mound‐building wood ants in Southern Finland results in cytonuclear mismatches and potential for sex‐specific hybrid breakdown
Authors: Beresford J. , Elias M. , Pluckrose L. , Sundström L. , Butlin R. K. , Pamilo P. , Kulmuni J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHybridization and gene flow between diverging lineages are increasingly recognized as common evolutionary processes, and their consequences can vary from hybrid breakdown to adaptive introgression. We have previously found a population of wood ant hybrids between Formica aquilonia and F. polyctena that shows antagonistic effects of hybridization: females with introgressed alleles show hybrid vigour, whereas males with the same alleles show hybrid breakdown. Here, we investigate whether hybridization is a general phenomenon in this species pair and analyse 647 worker samples from 16 localities in Finland using microsatellite markers and a 1200‐bp mitochondrial sequence. Our results show that 27 sampled nests contained parental‐like gene pools (six putative F. polyctena and 21 putative F. aquilonia) and all remaining nests (69), from nine localities, contained hybrids of varying degrees. Patterns of genetic variation suggest these hybrids arise from several hybridization events or, instead, have backcrossed to the parental gene pools to varying extents. In contrast to expectations, the mitochondrial haplotypes of the parental species were not randomly distributed among the hybrids. Instead, nests that were closer to parental‐like F. aquilonia for nuclear markers preferentially had F. polyctena's mitochondria and vice versa. This systematic pattern suggests there may be underlying selection favouring cytonuclear mismatch and hybridization. We also found a new hybrid locality with strong genetic differences between the sexes similar to those predicted under antagonistic selection on male and female hybrids. Further studies are needed to determine the selective forces that act on male and female genomes in these newly discovered hybrids.
Contribution of cardiometabolic risk factors to estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in Indigenous Australians with and without albuminuria ‐ the eGFR Follow‐up Study
Authors: Barr Elizabeth LM , Barzi Federica , Hughes Jaquelyne T , Jerums George , O'Dea Kerin , Brown Alex DH , Ekinci Elif I , Jones Graham RD , Lawton Paul D , Sinha Ashim , MacIsaac Richard J , Cass Alan , Maple‐Brown Louise J 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimWe assessed associations between cardiometabolic risk factors and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline according to baseline albuminuria to identify potential treatment targets in Indigenous Australians.MethodsThe eGFR Follow‐up Study is a longitudinal cohort of 520 Indigenous Australians. Linear regression was used to estimate associations between baseline cardiometabolic risk factors and annual Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration eGFR change (mL/min per 1.73m2/year), among those classified with baseline normoalbuminuria (urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (uACR) <3 mg/mmol; n = 297), microalbuminuria (uACR 3–30 mg/mmol; n = 114) and macroalbuminuria (uACR ≥30 mg/mmol; n = 109).ResultsAfter a median of 3 years follow‐up, progressive declines of the age‐ and sex‐adjusted mean eGFR were observed across albuminuria categories (−2.0 [−2.6 to –1.4], −2.5 [−3.7 to −1.3] and −6.3 [−7.8 to −4.9] mL/min per 1.72m2/year). Although a borderline association was observed between greater baseline haemoglobin A1c and eGFR decline in those with macroalbuminuria (P = 0.059), relationships were not significant in those with microalbuminuria (P = 0.187) or normoalbuminuria (P = 0.23). Greater baseline blood pressure, C‐reactive protein, waist‐to‐hip ratio and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol showed non‐significant trends with greater eGFR decline in the presence of albuminuria.ConclusionOver a 3 year period, marked eGFR decline was observed with greater baseline albuminuria. Cardiometabolic risk factors were not strong predictors for eGFR decline in Indigenous Australians without albuminuria. Longer follow‐up may elucidate the role of these predictors and other mechanisms in chronic kidney disease progression in this population.
Racial differences in the pain management of children recovering from anesthesia
Authors: Nafiu Olubukola O. , Chimbira Wilson T. , Stewart Margaret , Gibbons Kathleen , Porter L. Kareen , Reynolds Paul I. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundWhen pain management has been studied in settings such as pediatric emergency departments, racial disparities have been clearly identified. To our knowledge, this has not been studied in the pediatric perioperative setting. We sought to determine whether there are differences based on race in the administration of analgesia to children suffering from pain in the postanesthesia care unit.MethodsThis is a prospective, observational, study of 771 children aged 4‐17 years who underwent elective outpatient surgery. Racial differences in probability of receiving analgesia for pain in the recovery room were assessed using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 294 children (38.2%) received at least one class of analgesia (opioid or nonopioid); while 210 (27.2%) received intravenous (i.v.) opioid analgesia in the recovery room. Overall postanesthesia care unit analgesia utilization was similar between white and minority children (white children 36.8% vs minority children 43.4%, OR 1.3; 95% CI=0.92‐1.89; P=.134). We found no significant difference by racial/ethnic group in the likelihood of a child receiving i.v. opioid for severe postoperative pain (white children 76.0% vs 85.7%, OR 1.89; 95% CI=0.37‐9.67; P=.437). However, minority children were more likely to receive i.v. opioid analgesia than their white peers (white children 24.5% vs minority children 34.2%, OR 1.5; 95% CI=1.04‐2.2; P=.03). On multivariable analysis, minority children had a 63% higher adjusted odds of receiving i.v. opioids in the recovery room (OR=1.63; 95% CI, 1.05‐2.62; P=.03).ConclusionsReceipt of analgesia for acute postoperative pain was not significantly associated with a child's race. Minority children were more likely to receive i.v. opioids for the management of mild pain.
Effects of indole‐3‐butyric acid on growth, pigments and UV‐screening compounds in Nostoc linckia
Authors: Mansouri Hakimeh , Talebizadeh Rahil 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYIn the present research, the effect of indole‐3‐butyric acid (IBA) on the growth, and the production of some primary and secondary metabolites was studied in Nostoc linckia. In this respect, algae cultures were supplied with 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM IBA for 14 days. IBA at concentrations of 10 and 100 μM induced algal growth expressed as fresh weight in N. linckia. Treatment with IBA at all concentrations stimulated heterocyst formation. In addition, low concentrations of IBA (0.01, 0.1, and 1 μM) had a stimulatory effect on chlorophyll a and carotenoids accumulation. In contrast, higher concentrations of IBA induced the accumulation of phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin in the treated algae. In this case, IBA at the concentration of 10 μM was more effective. A significant decrease in protein content was observed in the algae treated by 0.01 μM IBA. All concentrations of IBA caused a decrease in sugar content, but lower concentrations were more effective. IBA application in all of the concentrations except 100 μM increased oligosaccharide‐linked mycosporine‐like amino acids (OS‐MAAs) content. Lower concentrations had a more significant effect on increasing OS‐MAAs content. However the concentrations of 10 and 100 μM IBA decreased scytonemin content. These results indicated the stimulatory impact of IBA on weight, heterocyst formation, and photosynthetic pigments in N. linckia.
An inventory of continental U.S. terrestrial candidate ecological restoration areas based on landscape context
Authors: Wickham James , Riitters Kurt , Vogt Peter , Costanza Jennifer , Neale Anne 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLandscape context is an important factor in restoration ecology, but the use of landscape context for site prioritization has not been as fully developed. We used morphological image processing to identify candidate ecological restoration areas based on their proximity to existing natural vegetation. We identified 1,102,720 candidate ecological restoration areas across the continental United States. Candidate ecological restoration areas were concentrated in the Great Plains and eastern United States. We populated the database of candidate ecological restoration areas with 17 attributes related to site content and context, including factors such as soil fertility and roads (site content), and number and area of potentially conjoined vegetated regions (site context) to facilitate its use for site prioritization. We demonstrate the utility of the database in the state of North Carolina, U.S.A. for a restoration objective related to restoration of water quality (mandated by the U.S. Clean Water Act), wetlands, and forest. The database will be made publicly available on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's EnviroAtlas website (http://enviroatlas.epa.gov) for stakeholders interested in ecological restoration.
Multi‐gene phylogeny of the Hemileuca maia complex (Saturniidae) across North America suggests complex phylogeography and rapid ecological diversification
Authors: RUBINOFF DANIEL , SAN JOSE MICHAEL , PEIGLER RICHARD S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Hemileuca maia species complex occurs across the North American continent and consists of six named taxa, and several others that were recently synonymized. Taxa exhibit a wide span of adult flight periods, dramatic shifts in host‐plant use and occur in a range of habitats, all of which would suggest unrecognized diversity. We used one mitochondrial and three nuclear genes to generate 3900 bp per individual, including samples from every ecotype in the species group across the United States from New England to central Florida to California. We assessed phylogenetic relationships using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic methods. Results suggest very low levels of divergence across most of the continent and low levels of genetic structure – even between some recognized species that maintain clear ecological difference in sympatry. Our results suggest that meaningful and localized ecological divergence may occur in the absence of easily recognizable genetic divergence, due to either ongoing gene flow or the recent diversification in the group.
Synthetic OCP heterodimers are photoactive and recapitulate the fusion of two primitive carotenoproteins in the evolution of cyanobacterial photoprotection
Authors: Lechno‐Yossef Sigal , Melnicki Matthew R. , Bao Han , Montgomery Beronda L. , Kerfeld Cheryl A. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe orange carotenoid protein (OCP) governs photoprotection in the majority of cyanobacteria. It is structurally and functionally modular, comprised of a C‐terminal regulatory domain (CTD), an N‐terminal effector domain (NTD) and a ketocarotenoid; the chromophore spans the two domains in the ground state and translocates fully into the NTD upon illumination. Using both the canonical OCP1 from Fremyella diplosiphon and the presumably more primitive OCP2 paralog from the same organism, we show that an NTD‐CTD heterodimer forms when the domains are expressed as separate polypeptides. The carotenoid is required for the heterodimeric association, assembling an orange complex which is stable in the dark. Both OCP1 and OCP2 heterodimers are photoactive, undergoing light‐driven heterodimer dissociation, but differ in their ability to reassociate in darkness, setting the stage for bioengineering photoprotection in cyanobacteria as well as for developing new photoswitches for biotechnology. Additionally, we reveal that homodimeric CTD can bind carotenoid in the absence of NTD, and name this truncated variant the C‐terminal domain‐like carotenoid protein (CCP). This finding supports the hypothesis that the OCP evolved from an ancient fusion event between genes for two different carotenoid‐binding proteins ancestral to the NTD and CTD. We suggest that the CCP and its homologs constitute a new family of carotenoproteins within the NTF2‐like superfamily found across all kingdoms of life.
Global production sharing: Exploring Australia's competitive edge
Authors: Athukorala Prema‐chandra , Talgaswatta Tala , Majeed Omer 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCross‐border dispersion of production processes within vertically integrated global industries (“global production sharing”) has been an increasingly important structural feature of economic globalisation in the recent decades. This paper examines patterns and determinants of global production sharing with an emphasis on how Australian manufacturing fits into global production networks (GPNs). Though Australia is a minor player inGPNs, there is evidence that Australian manufacturing has a distinct competitive edge in specialised, skill‐intensive tasks in several industries such as aircraft, medical devices, machine tools, measuring and scientific equipment and photographic equipment. Specialisation in high‐value‐to‐weight components and final goods withinGPNs, which are suitable for air transport, helps Australian manufacturing to overcome the “tyranny of distance” in world trade. Being predominantly “relationship specific,” AustralianGPNexports are not significantly susceptible to real exchange rate appreciation.
Long‐term safety from transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus after pig‐to‐non‐human primate corneal transplantation
Authors: Choi Hyuk Jin , Kim Jiyeon , Kim Jae Young , Lee Hyun Ju , Wee Won Ryang , Kim Mee Kum , Hwang Eung Soo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of xenozoonosis mainly by porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) has been considered as one of the main hurdles in xenotransplantation and therefore should be elucidated prior to the clinical use of porcine corneal grafts. Accordingly, an investigation was performed to analyze the infectivity of PERVs from porcine keratocytes to human cells, and the long‐term risk of transmission of PERVs was determined using pig‐to‐non‐human primate (NHP) corneal transplantation models.MethodsThe infectivity of PERVs from the SNU miniature pig keratocytes was investigated by coculture with a human embryonic kidney cell line. Twenty‐two rhesus macaques underwent xenocorneal transplantation as follows: (i) group 1 (n=4): anterior lamellar keratoplasty (LKP) with freshly preserved porcine corneas, (ii) group 2 (n=5): anterior LKP with decellularized porcine corneas followed by penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) with allografts, (iii) group 3 (n=3): PKP under steroid‐based immunosuppression, (iv) group 4 (n=4): PKP under anti‐CD154 antibody‐based immunosuppression, (v) group 5 (n=4): deep anterior LKP with freshly preserved porcine corneas under anti‐CD40 antibody‐based immunosuppression, and (vi) group 6 (n=2): PKP under anti‐CD40 antibody‐based immunosuppression. Postoperative blood samples were serially collected, and tissue samples were obtained from thirteen different organs at the end of each experiment. The existence of PERV DNA and RNA was investigated using PCR and RT‐PCR.ResultsUsing two independent in vitro infectivity tests, neither PERV pol nor pig mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II was detected after 41 and 92 days of coculture, respectively. After xenocorneal transplantation, a total of 257 serial peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples, 34 serial plasma samples, and 282 tissue samples were obtained from the NHP recipients up to 1176 days post‐transplantation. No PERV transmission was evident in any samples.ConclusionsWithin the limits of this study, there is no evidence to support any risk of PERV transmission from porcine corneal tissues to NHP recipients, despite the existence of PERV‐expressing cells in porcine corneas.
Aerobic capacity mediates susceptibility for the transition from steatosis to steatohepatitis
Authors: Morris E. Matthew , McCoin Colin S. , Allen Julie A. , Gastecki Michelle L. , Koch Lauren G. , Britton Steven L. , Fletcher Justin A. , Fu Xiarong , Ding Wen‐Xing , Burgess Shawn C. , Rector R. Scott , Thyfault John P. 
Published: May 2017

Key points
Low intrinsic aerobic capacity is associated with increased all‐cause and liver‐related mortality in humans.
Low intrinsic aerobic capacity in the low capacity runner (LCR) rat increases susceptibility to acute and chronic high‐fat/high‐sucrose diet‐induced steatosis, without observed increases in liver inflammation.
Addition of excess cholesterol to a high‐fat/high‐sucrose diet produced greater steatosis in LCR and high capacity runner (HCR) rats. However, the LCR rat demonstrated greater susceptibility to increased liver inflammatory and apoptotic markers compared to the HCR rat.
The progressive non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease observed in the LCR rats following western diet feeding was associated with further declines in liver fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiratory capacity compared to HCR rats.
AbstractLow aerobic capacity increases risk for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver‐related disease mortality, but mechanisms mediating these effects remain unknown. We recently reported that rats bred for low aerobic capacity (low capacity runner; LCR) displayed susceptibility to high fat diet‐induced steatosis in association with reduced hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and respiratory capacity compared to high aerobic capacity (high capacity runner; HCR) rats. Here we tested the impact of aerobic capacity on susceptibility for progressive liver disease following a 16‐week ‘western diet’ (WD) high in fat (45% kcal), cholesterol (1% w/w) and sucrose (15% kcal). Unlike previously with a diet high in fat and sucrose alone, the inclusion of cholesterol in the WD induced hepatomegaly and steatosis in both HCR and LCR rats, while producing greater cholesterol ester accumulation in LCR compared to HCR rats. Importantly, WD‐fed low‐fitness LCR rats displayed greater inflammatory cell infiltration, serum alanine transaminase, expression of hepatic inflammatory markers (F4/80, MCP‐1, TLR4, TLR2 and IL‐1β) and effector caspase (caspase 3 and 7) activation compared to HCR rats. Further, LCR rats had greater WD‐induced decreases in complete FAO and mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Intrinsic aerobic capacity had no impact on WD‐induced hepatic steatosis; however, rats bred for low aerobic capacity developed greater hepatic inflammation, which was associated with reduced hepatic mitochondrial FAO and respiratory capacity and increased accumulation of cholesterol esters. These results confirm epidemiological reports that aerobic capacity impacts progression of liver disease and suggest that these effects are mediated through alterations in hepatic mitochondrial function.