bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Old-School Chemotherapy in Immunotherapeutic Combination in Cancer, A Low-cost Drug Repurposed
Authors: Abu Eid Rasha , Razavi Ghazaleh Shoja E. , Mkrtichyan Mikayel , Janik John , Khleif Samir N. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has proven to be a potent treatment modality. Although often successful in generating antitumor immune responses, cancer immunotherapy is frequently hindered by tumor immune-escape mechanisms. Among immunosuppressive strategies within the tumor microenvironment, suppressive immune regulatory cells play a key role in promoting tumor progression through inhibiting the effector arm of the immune response. Targeting these suppressive cells can greatly enhance antitumor immune therapies, hence augmenting a highly effective therapeutic antitumor response. Several approaches are being tested to enhance the effector arm of the immune system while simultaneously inhibiting the suppressor arm. Some of these approaches are none other than traditional drugs repurposed as immune modulators. Cyclophosphamide, an old-school chemotherapeutic agent used across a wide range of malignancies, was found to be a potent immune modulator that targets suppressive regulatory immune cells within the tumor microenvironment while enhancing effector cells. Preclinical and clinical findings have confirmed the ability of low doses of cyclophosphamide to selectively deplete regulatory T cells while enhancing effector and memory cytotoxic T cells within the tumor microenvironment. These immune effects translate to suppressed tumor growth and enhanced survival, evidence of antitumor therapeutic efficacy. This article discusses the reincarnation of cyclophosphamide as an immune modulator that augments novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(5); 377–82. ©2016 AACR.
A Bookshelf of Brecht
Authors: Hunka George 
Published: May 2016

Last December, actress Tonya Pinkins abandoned a Classic Stage Company production of Bertolt Brecht's Mother Courage and Her Children just days before it was scheduled to open; Pinkins and the white director of the play, Brian Kulick, had sparred over Pinkins's interpretation of the role, and apparently the creative differences became irreconcilable. In a statement released by Playbill, Pinkins said, When Black bodies are on the stage, Black perspectives must be reflected. This is not simply a matter of “artistic interpretation”; race and sex play a pivotal role in determining who holds the power to shape representation. A Black female should have a say in the presentation of a Black female on stage. … As we enter 2016, the collective White creative community has a responsibility to bring as many ‘others’ into the room, both onstage and offstage, before, during and after decisions are made. Only then will the beauty of global humanity be heard, seen, and finally understood, so that the truth wipes away the misconceptions and misappropriations that cause the fear which foments violence around the globe.
The Transient Response of Southern Ocean Circulation to Geothermal Heating in a Global Climate Model
Authors: Downes Stephanie M. , Hogg Andrew McC. , Griffies Stephen M. , Samuels Bonita L. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Model and observational studies have concluded that geothermal heating significantly alters the global overturning circulation and the properties of the widely distributed Antarctic Bottom Water. Here two distinct geothermal heat flux datasets are tested under different experimental designs in a fully coupled model that mimics the control run of a typical Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) climate model. The regional analysis herein reveals that bottom temperature and transport changes, due to the inclusion of geothermal heating, are propagated throughout the water column, most prominently in the Southern Ocean, with the background density structure and major circulation pathways acting as drivers of these changes. While geothermal heating enhances Southern Ocean abyssal overturning circulation by 20%–50%, upwelling of warmer deep waters and cooling of upper ocean waters within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) region decrease its transport by 3–5 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1). The transient responses in regional bottom temperature increases exceed 0.1°C. The large-scale features that are shown to transport anomalies far from their geothermal source all exist in the Southern Ocean. Such features include steeply sloping isopycnals, weak abyssal stratification, voluminous southward flowing deep waters and exported bottom waters, the ACC, and the polar gyres. Recently the Southern Ocean has been identified as a prime region for deep ocean warming; geothermal heating should be included in climate models to ensure accurate representation of these abyssal temperature changes.
Investigating the Eddy Diffusivity Concept in the Coastal Ocean
Authors: Rypina I. I. , Kirincich A. , Lentz S. , Sundermeyer M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper aims to test the validity, utility, and limitations of the lateral eddy diffusivity concept in a coastal environment through analyzing data from coupled drifter and dye releases within the footprint of a high-resolution (800 m) high-frequency radar south of Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts. Specifically, this study investigates how well a combination of radar-based velocities and drifter-derived diffusivities can reproduce observed dye spreading over an 8-h time interval. A drifter-based estimate of an anisotropic diffusivity tensor is used to parameterize small-scale motions that are unresolved and underresolved by the radar system. This leads to a significant improvement in the ability of the radar to reproduce the observed dye spreading.
Should early intervention in autism be provided?
Authors: Foreman David 
Published: May 2016

SummaryRates of detected autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are currently rising, and there is a need for effective treatments to manage the symptoms. In this commentary I outline the challenges that autism presents to service delivery and consider a Cochrane review that evaluates one of the best-known classes of treatment for ASD, parent-mediated early intervention. I discuss effect size and bias in the interpretation of the review's results, and consider also the rationale for low- and high-intensity intervention at both the individual level and, from a public health perspective, at population level.
What can we learn from offspring studies in bipolar disorder?
Authors: Loftus Josephine , Etain Bruno , Scott Jan 
Published: May 2016

SummaryWe offer a contemporary review of studies of the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder and explore the clinical characteristics of these populations. We discuss how different methodological approaches may influence study findings and may explain some of the heterogeneity in the results reported. We also highlight some of the environmental risk factors that may increase the likelihood of transition from an ‘at-risk’ or high-risk state to bipolar disorder. Last, we briefly discuss the implications of study findings for early intervention strategies and comment on such issues as genetic counselling and primary and early secondary prevention programmes.
Correlations
Authors: Ehling Paul , Heyerdahl-Larsen Christian 
Published: May 2016

Correlations of equity returns have varied substantially over time and remain a source of continuing policy debate. This paper studies stock market correlations in an equilibrium model with heterogeneous risk aversion. In the model, preference heterogeneity causes variations in the volatility of aggregate risk aversion from good to bad states. At times of high volatility in aggregate risk aversion, which is a common factor in returns, we see high correlations. The model matches average industry return correlations and changes in correlations from business cycle peaks to troughs and replicates the dynamics of expected excess returns and standard deviations. Model-implied aggregate risk aversion explains average industry correlations, expected excess returns, standard deviations, and turnover volatility in the data. We find supportive evidence for the model’s prediction that industries with low dividend-consumption correlation have low average return correlation but experience disproportional increases in return correlations in recessions. This paper was accepted by Jerome Detemple, finance.
Do CMO Incentives Matter? An Empirical Investigation of CMO Compensation and Its Impact on Firm Performance
Authors: Bansal Naresh , Joseph Kissan , Ma Minghui , Wintoki M. Babajide 
Published: May 2016

Despite growing interest in various facets of the position of chief marketing officer (CMO), there is very little research on CMO compensation. Accordingly, we set out to investigate the determinants of CMO compensation and its effect on firm performance. Employing the lens of agency theory, we hypothesize that the CMO’s marginal productivity will positively impact the amount of total compensation as well as the extent of performance-based compensation in the CMO’s compensation contract. Moreover, we hypothesize that deviations in contracting elements from predicted levels will adversely impact firm performance. Analyzing a sample of 9,230 firm-year observations over the period 1992–2013, we find that CMOs employed at firms with high advertising and R&D intensity, and operating in competitive product markets, command larger amounts of total compensation. Moreover, a greater proportion of their compensation is market based, with heightened sensitivity to movements in the firm’s stock price. We also find that deviations in CMO compensation elements have an adverse impact on operating performance (return on assets (ROA)), earnings surprises, and stock returns. Specifically, a 10% deviation in market-based compensation from predicted levels reduces ROA by 0.28%, dampens earnings surprises by 0.19%, and degrades annualized stock returns by 2.4%. This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing.
The Disappearance of Eggs and Larvae from the Nests of the Mischocyttarus (Monogynoecus) montei Zikán (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), Especially in Autumn and Winter: Can it Mean an Adaptive Cannibalism to Ensure the Survival of Colonies?
Authors: Murakami André Sunao Nishiuchi , Sakamoto Sheila Tiemi , Shima Sulene Noriko 
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study was to verify the disappearance of eggs and larvae from the nests of the Mischocyttarus (Monogynoecus) montei, especially in autumn and winter, and at the same time, to discuss about the cannibalism as the main reason for survival of the colonies during the unfavorable climatic conditions. Forty one colonies were studied during the seasons of the year, period from March in 1999 to September 2000. A total of 314 disappearances of immature individuals was counted, corresponding to 95 eggs (27,1 %) and 229 larvae (72,9 %). The results of Chi-Square test for Contingency tables showed that the disappearance of eggs and larvae were significantly higher (P < 0,05) during the autumn and winter (x2egg= 14,53, G.L.egg= 3, Cegg= 0,38, x2larva= 443,15, G.L.larva= 3, Clarva= 0,81). In addition, the Spearman Correlation test revealed a significant negative correlation (P < 0,05) between the disappearance rate of larvae and fall in temperature (r = ­0,62), as well as between the rate and fall in rainfall (r= ­0,71), in autumn and winter. There were no significant correlation between the disappearance of eggs and any climatic factors. From total number of disappearances, small larvae disappeared from the cells at higher frequency (55,9%, n = 128) than medium (18,3%, n = 42) and large (25,8%, n = 49) size larvae. We suggest that these immatures (eggs and larvae) were cannibalized probably due to scarcity of prey and nectar under unfavorable climatic conditions, especially during the cold and dry periods of the year.
SECULARIZAÇÃO E AUTONOMIA DO DIREITO EM HOBBES
Authors: Gonzaga de Souza Draiton , Rosenfield Luis 
Published: May 2016

O nascimento do positivismo jurídico hobbesiano gerou mudanças paradigmáticas na estrutura do direito – agora seculari-zado e monopolizado pelo Estado –, impondo uma nova estrutu-ra epistemológica do direito e da ciência jurídica. Nesse momento histórico, o direito posto pelo Estado passa a se apresentar como única fonte legislativa, enquanto a normatização religiosa deixa de ter importância. O presente artigo busca analisar de que forma o proc-esso de secularização e trânsito para a modernidade no pensamento de Hobbes influencia os desenvolvimentos posterior no plano do constitucionalismo. Para tanto, são analisadas criticamente as con-tribuições de Hobbes para a evolução do direito constitucional – na perspectiva do reforço da autoridade soberana e da competência normativa do soberano –, no plano do positi-vismo jurídico. A jus-tificação da presente pesquisa se estabelece pela influência decisiva que a teoria hobbesiano ainda possui no que se refere aos princípios fundadores das democracias seculares contemporâneas.
Análise econômicA do regime jurídico-constitucionAl dA empresA no direito brAsileiro
Authors: Goulart Pimenta Eduardo 
Published: May 2016

A Constituição Brasileira de 1988 cuidou da regulação jurídica da empresa sob seus dois aspectos fundamentais, que são a sua estrutura econômica e o ambiente no qual ela existe e funciona. No primeiro aspecto, há as normas que disciplinam os fatores de produção que, uma vez organizados, constituem o modo empresarial de atuação. Destacam-se e são analisadas aqui, portanto, as normas constitucionais orientadas à regulação do capital, do trabalho, da matéria-prima e da tecnologia. Já sob o segundo aspecto, há as normas constitucionais que organizam o mercado, ambiente no qual a empresa lança os produtos e serviços por ela gerados. Neste ponto são abordadas as normas constitucionais que estabelecem as bases do livre funcionamento do mercado, como a concorrência e a livre iniciativa. Por outro lado, há que se complementar a análise da empresa e sua regulação na Constituição Federal de 1988 com ponderações sobre a estrutura do risco no exercício da atividade empresarial e as formas jurídicas de limitação deste risco, corporificadas nas modalidades de sociedades empresárias de maior utilização.
The qualitative study on the assessment of career planning process among academician women in management<p>Kadın yönetici akademisyenlerin bireysel kariyer planlama süreçlerinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik nitel çalışma
Authors: Kaya Şerife Didem , Küçükşen Kübra 
Published: May 2016

The Vocational Success and condition of person’s job satisfaction can be possible with career planning planned as active, improvable and manageable. Meeting in-depth interview with 11 women academician who are directrice in Konya Universities (still as directrice or having done), their individual career planning process was desired to evaluate. The study carried out using qualitative data collection techniques. Participants were asked questions about themselves and their individual career planning process. Demographic questions about female academicians introducing themselves include: age, marital status, title, number of children, and administrative level. And the questions about individual career planning process are; the self-evaluation process of directrice academicians, processes of individual career objectives, identification of available or potential career opportunities, preparing and implementing of participant’s career plans and directing the individual career objectives with feedback were evaluated. The significant results were obtained related to individual career planning in the process of management and academician of women academicians. ÖzetMesleki başarı ve bireylerin mesleğinden tatmin olma durumu etkin bir şekilde planlanan, geliştirilebilen ve yönetilebilen bir kariyer planı ile mümkün olmaktadır. Konya ili üniversitelerinde yönetici pozisyonunda olan (halen yöneticilik yapan ya da yapmış olan) 11 kadın akademisyen ile derinlemesine bir görüşme yapılarak onların bireysel kariyer planlama süreçleri değerlendirilmek istenmiştir. Çalışma, nitel veri toplama teknikleri kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara kendilerini tanıtıcı ve bireysel kariyer planlama sürecine ilişkin sorular yöneltilmiştir. Kadın akademisyenlerin kendilerini tanıtıcı demografik sorular; yaş, medeni durum, ünvan, çocuk sayısı, yöneticilik kademesi gibi sorulardan oluşmaktadır. Bireysel kariyer planlama süreci ile ilgili sorular ise; yönetici pozisyonundaki kadın akademisyenlerin özdeğerleme süreci, bireysel kariyer hedeflerinin, mevcut ve olası kariyer olanaklarının belirlenmesi, katılımcıların kariyer planlarının hazırlanması ve uygulanması, geri bildirim ile bireysel kariyer hedeflerine yön verme ile ilgili süreçleri değerlendirilmiştir. Kadın akademisyenlerin yöneticilik ve akademisyenlik süreçlerinde, bireysel kariyer planlama ile ilgili önemli sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
Epiphyllous Liverworts of India: An Overview
Authors: Singh D K , Singh Devendra 
Published: May 2016

Taxonomy of the epiphyllous liverworts in India has been reviewed and their diversity and distribution has been discussed. A total of 160 species, one subspecies and two varieties of epiphyllous liverworts belonging to 23 genera in eight families have been recognized in Indian bryoflora, distributed only in eastern Himalaya and the north-east, Western Ghats, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Eastern Himalaya, including the north-east, with 133 taxa shows the maximum diversity of epiphylls, whereas Sikkim with 80 taxa is the richest amongst the States. Lejeuneaceae with 131 species belonging to 16 genera is the most prolific family of epiphyllous liverworts accounting for over 80 per cent of their total diversity in India, while Cololejeunea with 54 species is the most dominant genus. Twenty species are endemic to India, of which 11 are restricted to eastern Himalaya, three to Western Ghats, and one to Andaman & Nicobar, while five species are common between eastern Himalaya and the Western Ghats.
Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles in the PAMAM hydrogen network template
Authors: Peng Zheng , Li Hong , Ba Xinwu , Zhao Junchai , Sun Xiuguo , Li Yanting 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntramolecular nanocavities in polyamidoamine (PAMAM) are usually used as a good template to synthesize nanoparticles. In this paper, TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared successfully by the interspaces of the hydrogen network between PAMAM. The possible mechanism was that PAMAM could form the steady microspheres with many interspaces in ammonia aqueous solution at pH=10. The interspaces of the hydrogen network could act as the template for preparing TiO2 nanoparticles. The results were proved by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Study on application behavior of pyrolysis char from waste tires in silicone rubber composites
Authors: Guangjian Zhang , Jincheng Wang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis work deals, in the first part, with the preparation and characterization of a type of pyrolysis char (PC) from waste tires. Best conditions were chosen to obtain the optimal PC with the largest Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. The structure of PC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The second part focuses on preparation of novel room-temperature vulcanizated silicone rubber (SR)/PC composites. Properties such as thermal stability, flame-retardance, tensile strength, and elongation at break were researched and compared. Flame-retardance test showed that the vertical burning time and limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of different SR composites were increased. The last part evaluates the reinforcing and flame-retardant mechanisms of PC in SR composites. Polar light microscopy (PLM) and SEM analysis demonstrated that the mixture of PC and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) had better compatibility in SR matrix.
Graev ultrametrics and free products of Polish groups
Authors: Slutsky Konstantin 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We construct Graev ultrametrics on free products of groups with two-sided
invariant ultrametrics and HNN extensions of such groups. We also introduce a
notion of a free product of general Polish groups and prove, in particular,
that two Polish groups G and H can be embedded into a Polish group
T in such a way that the subgroup of T generated by G and
H is isomorphic to the free product G * H.
Hopfian $\ell$-groups, MV-algebras and AF~{C}*-algebras
Authors: Mundici Daniele 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
An algebra is said to be hopfian
if it is not isomorphic to a proper
quotient of itself.
We describe several classes of
hopfian and of non-hopfian
unital lattice-ordered abelian groups
and MV-algebras. Using Elliott classification and

K
0

${K_{0}}$

-theory, we apply our results to
other related structures, notably
the Farey–Stern–Brocot AF

C
*

${\mathrm{C}^{*}}$

-algebra and all its primitive
quotients, including
the Behnke–Leptin

C
*

${\mathrm{C}^{*}}$

-algebras

𝒜

k
,
q

${\mathcal{A}_{k,q}}$

.
Rank gradients of infinite cyclic covers of Kähler manifolds
Authors: Friedl Stefan , Vidussi Stefano 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Given a Kähler group G and a primitive class

ϕ
∈

H
1

⁢

(
G
;
ℤ
)

${\phi\in H^{1}(G;\mathbb{Z})}$

, we show that the rank gradient of

(
G
,
ϕ
)

${(G,\phi)}$

is zero if and only if

Ker
⁡
ϕ

≤
G

${\operatorname{Ker}\phi\leq G}$

is finitely generated. Using this approach, we give a quick proof of the fact (originally due to Napier and Ramachandran) that Kähler groups are not properly ascending or descending HNN extensions. Further investigation of the properties of Bieri–Neumann–Strebel invariants of Kähler groups allows us to show that a large class of groups of orientation–preserving PL homeomorphisms of an interval (customarily denoted

F
⁢

(
ℓ
,

ℤ
⁢

[

1

n
1

⁢
⋯
⁢

n
k

]

,

〈

n
1

,
…
,

n
k

〉

)

${F(\ell,\mathbb{Z}[\frac{1}{n_{1}\cdots n_{k}}],\langle n_{1},\dots,n_{k}%
\rangle)}$

), which generalize Thompson’s group F, are not Kähler.
From Slow Repetition to Awkward Omission: Economic, Efficient, and Precise Language Use in Bilingual Formal Meetings
Authors: Koskela Merja , Pilke Nina 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article explores how linguistic resources from two local languages, Finnish and Swedish, are used in expert presentations in bilingual formal meetings and how they function with respect to the three ideal criteria of professional communication: economy, efficiency, and precision. Based on the results, the article suggests a typology of bilingual action for bilingual formal meetings. While economic language use has to do with the time used for getting something done, efficiency, covers relevant, concise, and focused language use and precision is connected with ways of presenting a full depiction of the issues discussed. The typology suggests six types of bilingual action that interact closely depending on the context. The findings underline the importance of documentation and open discussion of organization-level practices in guiding bilingual action as an intentional and goal-oriented practice in professional contexts. The typology of bilingual action suggested in this article can be used when introducing the practices of bilingual meetings to new participants.