bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethics and Clinical Education
Authors: De Witt Patricia Ann 
Published: January 2017

This paper explores the ethical concerns which were identified in a mixed methods study to determine the facilitators and barriers to quality clinical education on the clinical training platform of the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits).Ethical and professional behaviour concerns were extracted and analysed from focus groups and questionnaires that were used to collect data for the study. The ethical and professional behaviour concerns and responsibilities are discussed in terms of the clinical educators in their role as both clinicians and educators. Ethical and professional concerns and responsibilities are also highlighted in respect of students in their role as developing learners and professionals. How students learn ethical and professional behaviour is discussed as well as how a clinical educator should encourage these important clinical competencies which students tend to lear in an overt rather than covert manner. The paper also considers how in a service delivery placement where the focus is on clients' right to care, and the students' right to education may be overlooked and their professional learning compromised. The importance of a sound clinical education-student relationship is cdetral to professional education and facilitation of reflective practice and clinical reasoning essential for the learning or ethical and professional behaviour.
Key words
Clinical education, professional and ethical behaviour
Having a child with cancer:African mothers' perspective
Authors: Naidoo Deshini , Gurayah Thavanesi , Kharva Nabeela , Stott Tehmi , Trend Stacey Jane , Mamane Thabile , Mtolo Simiso 
Published: January 2017

Background: The study was conducted in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Six boarder mothers, who lived with their children in the CHOC house while their children received treatment for cancer, were interviewed for the study.Objective of study: The objective was to explore the lived experiences of mothers from rural and peri-urban areas when their children had cancer. Specifically information on occupational balance and disruption, as well as shifting responsibilities, was explored.Methods: A single focus group followed by individual interviews were conducted.Findings: The findings revealed that some African communities believe that children do not get cancer. There was a lack of factual information around the condition, which perpetuated the stigmatisation of these families. They felt isolated and could not access any community support as a result. Mothers experienced occupational disruption, as well as guilt and self-blame when their children had cancer.Relevance to clinical practice: Support and information for mothers hospitalised with sick children should form part of occupational therapy intervention.Limitation and recommendations for further research: These findings are applicable to African mothers from both a peri-urban and rural context in KwaZulu Natal. Further research with mothers across South Africa would be useful to expand on the research findings and would potentially assist in programme development.
Key words: mothers perspectives, cancer, stigma, occupational disruption, African beliefs.
Notes on proper names in the 18th century Romanian translations of the Life of Peter (by Antonio Catiforo)
Authors: Ungureanu Cristian 
Published: January 2017

Vita di Pietro is a work authored by the Greek Antonio Catiforo in Italian and published in Venice in 1736. A Greek version was published a year later, also in Venice, by Alexandros Kankellarios. The work is comprised of six books and synthesizes information from various sources relating to the age and personality of the Russian tsar. It was translated several times into Romanian in the mid and late eighteenth century, in all three of the Romanian provinces. The large number of copies is evidence for the interest it aroused during that period.
This paper describes several particulars regarding the transfer of the proper names from the source language to the target language. I have analysed four types of proper name: the choronym Moscovia and its relating ethnonym, Western choronyms, Russian anthroponyms, and anthroponyms of other origins, noting how the translators employ their source and the ensuing differences among the versions.
Shia Community (A Research Everyday Lives of the Shia Community In Salatiga, Central Java)
Authors: Retnowati Retnowati , Efriadi Yedi 
Published: January 2017

<p><em>This research seeks to explain the existence of Shia community at Pancuran village, in Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesa</em><em>,</em><em> and how</em><em> </em><em>their strategies to survive in the midst society in that region. To obtain data on the Shia community at Pancuran, Salatiga, it was done through in-depth interviews, and observations are preceded by a close observation prior to the study. This research also examines some relevant literatures and documents to the research problem as the secondary data. The theory of religious freedom and cultural </em><em>i</em><em>dentity of religious pluralism in the Shia community are used to describe and to analyze the problem of research based on the obtained data. The results show that the Shia community in Salatiga is not discriminated, and they can live in Salatiga freely along with other religious communities and Salatiga society at large. This is supported by an inclusive attitude</em><em> among</em><em> Shia community and society Salatiga in building relationships and communication with people of other faiths. Local knowledge possessed by people of Salatiga can be a social capital for implementing inter-religious harmony.</em></p>
Arthrofibrosis Associated with the Surgical Treatment of Chronic Lyme Arthritis and a Concomitant Medial Meniscal Tear
Authors: Tran Nathanael , Milewski Matthew D. 
Published: January 2017

Case:
We describe a case of refractory Lyme arthritis in an adolescent patient with a concomitant medial meniscal tear. The patient underwent arthroscopic synovectomy and meniscal repair, and required additional surgery for subsequent decreased range of motion. We describe the presentation, the intraoperative findings, the course of recovery, and the literature regarding Lyme arthritis and meniscal tears.

Conclusion:
Refractory Lyme arthritis commonly is treated successfully with arthroscopic synovectomy. We describe a patient who presented with a concomitant medial meniscal tear; he underwent initial medial meniscal repair and a partial meniscectomy. He required additional surgery before full recovery was achieved.
CASES BASED LEARNING DAN DIRECT INSTRUCTION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN SERTA HASIL BELAJAR STUDI PADA MAHASISWA MATA KULIAH AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN LANJUTAN
Authors: Aisyaturrahmi A 
Published: January 2017

This research aims to improve activity and learning outcomes of students in the subject of Advanced Financial Accounting especially the material headquarters and branch offices by integrating the model of cases based learning and direct instruction. In the model case based learning, students are faced with a real case to be solved. Therefore, it stimulates their activities in learning. While,the model of direct instruction is a declarative and procedural learning process that makes students more understand the material. The results of this study show that there is the increase of activity and learning outcomes of students, evidenced by the increase of value and percentage of learning outcomes in the course of Advanced Financial Accounting.Keywords: Cases Based Learning, Direct Instruction, Activity, andLearning Outcomes of Students.
PEMAHAMAN KONSEP PAJAK PADA ZAKAT
Authors: Pravitasari Dyah 
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the similarities and differences in the concept of zakat and tax, opinions of the scholars concerning zakat and taxes, as well as explaining about the effective management of zakat based on the application of the concept of tax. The findings in this paper indicate that the similarities between the concepts of zakat and the concept of the tax, namely that both have the elements of force and manager. Meanwhile the differences are that two concepts are located on the side of the name, the legal basic, object, the nature of its obligations, the percentage of the amountpaid, and utilization. The concept of tax which can be applied in order to obtain effective management of zakat is to impose sanctions on manager of zakat and negligent muzzaki not pay their zakat as on tax management. This sanction will improve the system of zakat administration and establishmentof an independent agency that acts as the auditor.Keywords: Zakat, Tax, Similarities, Differences
Continuous Corn and Soybean Yield Penalties across Hundreds of Thousands of Fields
Authors: Seifert Christopher A. , Roberts Michael J. , Lobell David B. 
Published: January 2017

Core Ideas
Analysis of 748,374 yield records showed a 4.3% yield penalty for continuous corn.
Corn yield penalties were more severe in areas with low moisture and low yields.
Continuous soybean showed a 10.3% yield penalty, worse in low‐yielding years.
Corn yield penalties grew with up to 3 yr of continuous cropping, but not more.
Soybean penalties increased monotonically with number of years continuously cropped.
The effects of crop rotations on yields have historically been assessed with field trials, but new datasets offer an opportunity to evaluate these effects using data from commercial farmers’ fields. Here we develop a unique dataset of 748,374 joint observations of field‐level yields, crop histories, and soil and weather conditions across the U.S. Midwest to empirically evaluate crop rotations. For rainfed fields, we found an average continuous corn (Zea mays L.) yield penalty (CCYP) of 4.3% and continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield penalty (CSYP) of 10.3% during the 2007 to 2012 growing seasons. The CCYP is greater in locations with low moisture, while the CSYP shows the opposite pattern. Relatedly, irrigation decreases the CCYP but not the CSYP. Both penalties increased with the number of years a field had been continuously cropped, and while the CCYP leveled off after 3 yr in corn, the CSYP showed significant increases out to the (very rare) 5‐yr continuous soybean sequence. An analysis of weather, soil, and planting date interactions with the CCYP and CSYP suggests that timely planting, favorable soil‐climate, and warm early and late‐season minimum temperatures correlate with reductions in the CCYP, while dry conditions and less favorable soil‐climate correlate with reductions in the CSYP. The results of this study not only help refine estimates of rotation effects in commercial fields, but also shed light on the relationships between rotation effects and other factors, thereby offering insight into potential causal mechanisms.
Assessing the Options to Improve Regional Wheat Yield in Eastern Canada Using the CSM–CERES–Wheat Model
Authors: Jing Qi , Qian Budong , Shang Jiali , Huffman Ted , Liu Jiangui , Pattey Elizabeth , Dong Taifeng , Tremblay Nicolas , Drury Craig F. , Ma Bao‐Luo , Jégo Guillaume , Jiao Xianfeng , Kovacs John , Walters Dan , Wang Jinfei 
Published: January 2017

Core Ideas
Wheat yield at both field and regional scales was successfully simulated using CSM–CERES–Wheat.
There is a considerable room to improve spring wheat yield in eastern Ontario.
Average yield in eastern Ontario can reach 3600 kg ha−1 with fertilization at 100 kg N ha−1.
Crop models may need to include lodging—often related to high N rates in eastern Canada.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield is relatively low in eastern Canada. This study aimed to assess fertilizer N management options to improve the regional yield of wheat using the CSM–CERES–Wheat model. The model was adapted to simulate winter wheat by replacing air temperatures with estimated temperatures under snow cover, and then the model was evaluated for simulating winter wheat using experimental data collected at two sites and spring wheat at three sites in eastern Canada. Across all the experimental years and sites, the normalized root mean squared error (nRMSE) between simulated and measured yields was 14%. Regional yield under rainfed conditions in the Eastern Ontario Region (a Census of Agriculture unit as a case study) was simulated with 0, 1, 1.5, and 2 times the recommended N rate (around 50 kg N ha−1) and unlimited N for the calibrated cultivars of spring wheat from 1981 to 1999. The simulated average regional yield (in dry matter) with the recommended N rate ranged from 2180 kg ha−1 for cultivar Hoffman to 2502 kg ha−1 for AC Brio. Both were close to the reported yield of 2440 kg ha−1, with nRMSE values ranging between 20.3 and 16.6%. The simulated regional yields with unlimited N were two times that with the recommended N rate, showing a considerable yield gap. Our simulations indicate that regional yield could increase to 3600 kg ha−1 in the Eastern Ontario Region if the N rate was increased to around 100 kg N ha−1, although a slight decrease in N use efficiency would occur. In addition, with such increases in the N fertilization rate, other abiotic factors such as lodging should be evaluated.
Nitrogen Requirement to Change Protein Concentration of Spring Wheat in Semiarid Pacific Northwest
Authors: Long Dan S. , McCallum John D. , Reardon Catherine L. , Engel Richard E. 
Published: January 2017

Core Ideas
Nitrogen removal maps combined with the fertilizer N equivalent are useful for precision N management.
More N is needed to change spring wheat protein in Pacific Northwest than in northern Plains.
The fertilizer N equivalent is generalizable among spring wheat cultivars.
Growers can use yield and protein maps to implement the N replacement approach
On‐combine yield monitors and grain protein analyzers enable mapping of grain N removal at time of harvest. Nitrogen removal maps combined with estimates of the fertilizer nitrogen equivalent (FNE) for each 10 g kg−1 change in grain protein concentration (GPC) are useful for developing site‐specific fertilizer prescriptions for fields. This study was conducted to determine the critical protein concentration where yield is maximized and FNE for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under low annual precipitation (<350 mm) in the inland Pacific Northwest. Five hard red spring (HRS) cultivars and one soft white spring (SWS) cultivar were grown under three water levels over an N application range of 0–235 kg ha−1 in eastern Oregon. The critical protein level required to maximize yield was 140 g kg−1 for HRS wheat and 117 g kg−1 for SWS wheat. When water was limiting, GPC increased with added N while yield response was absent indicating GPC may not be useful as a post‐harvest indicator of N sufficiency when yields are water limited. The FNE for HRS wheat was 59 kg ha−1 which is three times that reported in northern Montana. For SWS wheat, the FNE was 54 kg ha−1 under low water supply. To achieve acceptable GPC for spring wheat, growers in low rainfall areas of inland PNW should expect to add (or subtract) these amounts of N to change protein by 10 g kg−1.
Water Retention and Preferential States of Soil Moisture in a Cultivated Vertisol
Authors: Vanderlinden K. , Pachepsky Y.A. , Pederera-Parrilla A. , Martínez G. , Espejo-Pérez A.J. , Perea F. , Giráldez J.V. 
Published: January 2017

Core Ideas
Water retention data from saturation to oven dryness were collected for a Vertisol.
New water retention and differential water capacity models were developed.
Draining of intra‐aggregate pore space triggers the dry field soil moisture state.
Mode of the textural pore space controls shift to wet field soil moisture state.
Vertisols are well suited for rainfed agriculture in water‐limited environments as a result of their unique water transfer and retention characteristics. Despite their importance, the agro‐hydrological behavior of these soils under seasonally dry climates is not yet fully understood. We collected water retention data for a Vertisol, measured from saturation to oven dryness on 27 undisturbed topsoil (0–0.05 m) samples from an experimental field in south‐central Spain and related this information to the occurrence of field‐observed preferential soil moisture states. A continuous function was fitted to the mean gravimetric water retention data, Θ, consisting of the sum of a double exponential model and the Groenevelt and Grant model. An inflection point at pressure head |h| = 1.1 × 105 cm, Θ = 0.12 kg kg−1, and an equivalent pore radius, δ = 14 nm, was interpreted as the boundary between the clay inter‐ and intra‐aggregate pore spaces, corresponding with the transition from the intermediate to the dry field soil moisture state. The mode of the textural pore space (|h| = 7.3 × 103 cm, Θ = 0.21 kg kg−1, and δ = 200 nm) matched the transition from the wet to the intermediate field soil moisture state. We related these characteristics of the soil water retention curve with the spatiotemporal soil moisture dynamics and patterns observed in the field, characterized by fast transitions between preferential soil moisture states. The proposed framework is suitable for comparing the effects of different soil management strategies on the agro‐hydrological performance of Vertisols.
Kepatuhan Standar Prosedur Operasional Hand Hygiene pada Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit
Authors: Fauzia Neila , Ansyori Anis , Hariyanto Tuti 
Published: January 2017

Kesadaran cuci tangan (hand hygiene) pada petugas kesehatan merupakan perilaku yang mendasar dalam upaya mencegah infeksi silang. Cuci tangan mempunyai pengaruh besar terhadap pencegahan terjadinya infeksi nosokomial di rumah sakit dan perawat mempunyai andil besar karena berinteraksi dengan pasien selama 24 jam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran perilaku cuci tangan perawat di ruang rawat inap rumah sakit X Malang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Metode yang digunakan dengan cara observasi hanya pada satu kali momen cuci tangan. Subjek penelitian adalah perawat pelaksana yang berada di lima ruang rawat inap. Jumlah sampel yang diambil adalah 43 perawat. Pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi langsung menggunakan tabel cek list berdasarkan Standar Prosedur Operasional (SPO) yang berlaku di rumah sakit X. Â Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku hand hygiene perawat sesuai dengan SPO yang berlaku di rumah sakit tersebut secara keseluruhan sebesar 36% dengan kepatuhan tertinggi pada unit stroke. Tahapan dalam SPO dengan kepatuhan rendah terutama pada detail teknik melakukan cuci tangan.Kata Kunci: Hand hygiene, kepatuhan, perawat, standar prosedur operasional
PERBANDINGAN KEEFEKTIFAN ANTARA PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING SETTING NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER DAN SETTING JIGSAW
Authors: Sholikhah Miftakhus , Hartono Hartono 
Published: January 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) keefektifan problem-based learning dengan setting model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together (PBL-NHT) dan problem-based learning dengan setting model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw; dan (2) pembelajaran yang lebih efektif antara PBL-NHT dan PBL-Jigsaw ditinjau dari prestasi belajar matematika, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan disposisi matematis siswa kelas X SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi eksperimen), yang menggunakan rancangan pretest-postest non-equivalen multiple-group design. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes prestasi belajar matematika, tes kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan angket disposisi matematis. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji multivariat (MANOVA) dan independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua model pembelajaran ini efektif ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir kritis dan disposisi matematis, tetapi tidak efektif ditinjau dari prestasi belajar matematika. PBL-Jigsaw lebih efektif dibandingkan PBL-NHT ditinjau dari disposisi matematis, tetapi tidak berbeda jika ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis dan prestasi belajar matematika. Kata Kunci: problem-based learning, numbered head together, jigsaw, prestasi belajar matematika, kemampuan berpikir kritis, disposisi matematis THE COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING OF NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER AND THAT OF THE JIGSAW Abstract This study aims to describe: (1) the effectiveness of problem-based learning of the numbered head together (PBL-NHT) type and that of jigsaw (PBL-Jigsaw) type, and (2) the more effective teaching between PBL-NHT and PBL-Jigsaw in terms of learning achievement, critical thinking skills, and mathematics dispositions of class X students. This study was a quasi-experiment using a pretest-posttest with the non-equivalent multiple-group design. The instruments used were a math achievement test, critical thinking test, and mathematics disposition questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the multivariate (MANOVA) and independent sample t test. The results of this study show both the models are effective in terms of critical thinking skills and mathematics dispositions, but they are not effective in their learning achievement. The PBL-Jigsaw is more effective than PBL-NHT in mathematics dispositions, but does not differ in terms of the critical thinking skills and learning achievement. Keywords: problem-based learning, numbered head together, jigsaw, learning achievement, critical thinking skills, mathematics dispositions
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PENEMUAN TERBIMBING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH
Authors: Khomsiatun Siwi , Retnawati Heri 
Published: January 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran pada materi bangun segitiga dan segi empat dengan penemuan terbimbing untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada Kompetensi Dasar “Menghitung keliling dan luas bangun segitiga dan segi empat serta menggunakannya dalam pemecahan masalah” yang layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan menggunakan model Plomp. Pengembangan yang dilakukan dengan 5 tahap yaitu: (1) analisis permasalahan, (2) rancangan, (3) realisasi, (4) implementasi, (5) evaluasi. Subjek uji coba dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Patuk Gunungkidul dengan 32 siswa. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah lembar validasi perangkat, lembar kepraktisan perangkat, dan tes. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data tentang kualitas produk yang dikembangkan yaitu kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran pada Kompetensi Dasar “Menghitung keliling dan luas bangun segitiga dan segiempat serta menggunakannya dalam pemecahan masalah” yang telah memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif. Kata Kunci: perangkat pembelajaran, penemuan terbimbing, pemecahan masalah DEVELOPING TEACHING AND LEARNING KITS THROUGH GUIDED DISCOVERY TO IMPROVE THE COMPETENCE OF PROBLEM SOLVING Abstract This research is aimed to produce a learning kits material of triangle and square shape through guided inquiry to improve a problem solving competence on the basic competence of “counting the circle and the width of the triangle and square shape and use it to solve problem” which is appropriate to use in a process of teaching and learning activity. This research is a developing research which uses the Plomp model. The development is done through 5 phases, i.e. (1) Problem analysis, (2) designing, (3) realization, (4) implementation, (5) evaluation. Subjects of trial-test in this research are the seven grade students of SMP Negeri Patuk 1 Gunungkidul, 32 students. The instruments of collecting data used are; validity observation sheet, practicality sheet, and test instruments. Data collected are data about the product quality which is developed, i.e. validity, practicality, and effectivity. This research produced the instrument of teaching and learning on the basic competence of “counting the circle and the width of the triangle and square shape and use it to solve problem” which fulfils the valid, practical and effective criterion. Keywords: teaching and learning kits, guided discovery, problem solving