bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Error‐related brain activity and anxiety symptoms in youth with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Rosen Tamara E. , Lerner Matthew D. 
Published: December 2017

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience symptoms associated with generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, and social anxiety disorder. In other populations, these same symptoms are associated with a larger error‐related negativity (ERN), an event‐related potential that reflects endogenous threat sensitivity. As such, it is possible that the ERN may relate to the clinical presentation of anxiety in ASD. However, studies examining these associations in youth with ASD have yielded mixed results. The present study aimed to clarify this relationship by examining the ERN in relation to these specific anxiety symptoms in ASD, and by accounting for typical covariates (e.g., age, verbal abilities, depression, ASD symptoms) of the ERN. Fifty‐one youth, ages 8–17, with ASD and intact cognitive ability completed a modified Flanker task, from which the ERN component was obtained. Measures of anxiety, verbal abilities, depression, and ASD symptoms were collected from participants and parents. Results revealed that greater self‐reported social anxiety symptoms, specifically performance fears but not humiliation/rejection fears, were associated with an increased neural response to errors, as measured by the ERN. This relationship remained after controlling for other anxiety symptoms, as well as age, verbal IQ, depression symptoms, and ASD symptoms. Findings suggest that heightened threat sensitivity may be characteristic of individuals with ASD who exhibit social fearfulness. Autism Res 2018, 11: 342–354. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThe error‐related negativity (ERN) is a physiological measure of the brain's response to errors which is thought to reflect threat sensitivity and has been implicated in anxiety disorders in individuals without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study revealed that the ERN is related to social anxiety symptoms, specifically performance fears, in a sample of youth with ASD. Findings suggest that heightened threat sensitivity may be characteristic of individuals with ASD who exhibit social fearfulness.
A Rational Approach to Metal Loading of Organic Multi‐Site Polymers: Illusion or Reality?
Authors: Babel Lucille , Baudet Karine , Hoang Thi Nhu Y. , Nozary Homayoun , Piguet Claude 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSince its identification as an independent topic after the first world war, the chemistry of (bio)polymers and macromolecules rapidly benefited from intense synthetic activities driven by contributors focusing on formulation and structural aspects. Satisfying rationalization and predictions concerning polymer organization, stability, and reactivity were, however, delayed until the late fifties, when physical chemists set the basis of an adapted thermodynamic modeling. The recent emergence of metal‐containing (bio)organic polymers (i.e., metallopolymers) thus corresponds to a logical extension of this field with the ultimate goal of combining the rich magnetic and optical properties of open‐shell transition metals with the processability and structural variety of polymeric organic scaffolds. Since applications as energy storage materials, drug delivery vectors, shape‐memory materials, and photonic devices can be easily envisioned for these materials, the development of metallopolymers is faced with some urgency in producing novel exploitable structures, while the rational control of their formation, organization, and transformation remains elusive. Caught between the sometimes antagonistic requirements of economic efficiency on one side and of scientific pertinence on the other side, the ongoing achievements in the control of the metal loadings of multi‐site polymers are highlighted here with some tutorial discussions of luminescent lanthanidopolymers as proof‐of‐concept.
The Role of Terminal Functionality in the Membrane and Antibacterial Activity of Peptaibol‐Mimetic Aib Foldamers
Authors: Adam Catherine , Peters Anna D. , Lizio M. Giovanna , Whitehead George F. S. , Diemer Vincent , Cooper James A. , Cockroft Scott L. , Clayden Jonathan , Webb Simon J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPeptaibols are peptide antibiotics that typically feature an N‐terminal acetyl cap, a C‐terminal aminoalcohol, and a high proportion of α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) residues. To establish how each feature might affect the membrane‐activity of peptaibols, biomimetic Aib foldamers with different lengths and terminal groups were synthesised. Vesicle assays showed that long foldamers (eleven Aib residues) with hydrophobic termini had the highest ionophoric activity. C‐terminal acids or primary amides inhibited activity, while replacement of an N‐terminal acetyl with an azide group made little difference. Crystallography showed that N3Aib11CH2OTIPS folded into a 310 helix 2.91 nm long, which is close to the bilayer hydrophobic width. Planar bilayer conductance assays showed discrete ion channels only for N‐acetylated foldamers. However long foldamers with hydrophobic termini had the highest antibacterial activity, indicating that ionophoric activity in vesicles was a better indicator of antibacterial activity than the observation of discrete ion channels.
A Highly Enantioselective Copper/Phosphoramidite‐Thioether‐Catalyzed Diastereodivergent 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides and Nitroalkenes
Authors: Feng Bin , Chen Jia‐Rong , Yang Yun‐Fang , Lu Bin , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn contrast to the plethora of catalytic systems that enable access to any enantiomers of the chiral products by simply choosing between a pair of enantiomeric or pseudoenantiomeric chiral catalysts, few analogously effective protocols exist for the synthesis of compounds bearing multiple stereogenic centers with full control of the absolute and relative stereochemical configurations. Here, we report the application of our previously developed modular phosphoramidite‐thioether ligands for the copper‐catalyzed diastereodivergent asymmetric 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides and nitroalkenes. Our catalytic system enables wide substrate scope, great stereochemical control, and high reaction efficiency.
A Water‐Stable Luminescent ZnII Metal‐Organic Framework as Chemosensor for High‐Efficiency Detection of CrVI‐Anions (Cr2O72− and CrO42−) in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yao Zhao‐Quan , Li Guang‐Yu , Xu Jian , Hu Tong‐Liang , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA new luminescent ZnII‐MOF with 1D triangular channels along the b axis, namely NUM‐5, has been successfully assembled and well characterized, which features good stability, especially in aqueous solution. Interestingly, this compound exhibits a fast, sensitive and selective luminescence quenching response towards CrVI (Cr2O72−/CrO42−) in aqueous solution. The detection limits towards Cr2O72− and CrO42− ions are estimated to be 0.7 and 0.3 ppm, respectively, which are among the lowest detection limits reported for the MOF‐based fluorescent probes that can simultaneously detect Cr2O72− and CrO42− in aqueous environment. The possible detection mechanism has been discussed in detail. Moreover, it can be easily regenerated after detection experiments, indicative of excellent recyclability. All these results suggest NUM‐5 to be a highly selective and recyclable luminescent sensing material for the quantitative detection of CrVI anions in aqueous solution.
Fluorine‐Directed Glycosylation Enables the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Selective SGLT2 Inhibitors for Type II Diabetes
Authors: Sadurní Anna , Kehr Gerald , Ahlqvist Marie , Wernevik Johan , Sjögren Helena Peilot , Kankkonen Cecilia , Knerr Laurent , Gilmour Ryan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInhibition of the sodium‐glucose co‐transporters (SGLT1 and SGLT2) is a validated strategy to address the increasing prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus. However, achieving selective inhibition of human SGLT1 or SGLT2 remains challenging. Orally available small molecule drugs based on the d‐glucose core of the natural product Gliflozin have proven to be clinically effective in this regard, effectively impeding glucose reabsorption. Herein, we disclose the influence of molecular editing with fluorine at the C2 position of the pyranose ring of Phlorizin analogues Remogliflozin Etabonate and Dapagliflozin (Farxiga®) to concurrently direct β‐selective glycosylation, as is required for biological efficacy, and enhance aspects of the physicochemical profile. Given the abundance of glycosylated pharmaceuticals in diabetes therapy that contain a β‐configured d‐glucose nucleus, it is envisaged that this strategy may prove to be expansive.
Bioenergy Carriers – From Smoothly Treated Biomass towards Solid and Gaseous Biofuels
Authors: Thrän Daniela , Billig Eric , Brosowski André , Klemm Marco , Seitz Stefanie B. , Witt Janet 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBioenergy carriers are used in different energy sectors. While the bioenergy supply from energy crops is limited, there is still reasonable unused potential from residues and waste. Improved qualities are necessary with regard to energy density, storability, energy content, flexible application, and related emissions. Especially solid and gaseous biofuels can be generated with reasonable effort and are suitable for utilizing the available waste and residual streams. These advanced bioenergy carriers can support the energy transition significantly, but need support for market introduction.
A Comprehensive Structural Overview of p38α Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase in Complex with ATP‐Site and Non‐ATP‐Site Binders
Authors: Astolfi Andrea , Manfroni Giuseppe , Cecchetti Violetta , Barreca Maria Letizia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHerein we review all the currently available ATP‐site and non‐ATP‐site ligands bound to p38α mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) available in the RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB). The co‐crystallized inhibitors have been classified into different families according to their experimental binding mode and chemical structure, and the ligand–protein interactions are discussed using the most representative compounds. This systematic structural analysis could provide some take‐home lessons for drug discovery programs aimed at the rational identification and optimization of new p38α MAPK inhibitors.
Phase 2 study of treatment selection based on tumor thymidylate synthase expression in previously untreated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A trial of the ECOG‐ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E4203)
Authors: Meropol Neal J. , Feng Yang , Grem Jean L. , Mulcahy Mary F. , Catalano Paul J. , Kauh John S. , Hall Michael J. , Saltzman Joel N. , George Thomas J. , Zangmeister Jeffrey , Chiorean Elena G. , Cheema Puneet S. , O'Dwyer Peter J. , Benson Al B. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDThe authors hypothesized that patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who had tumors with low thymidylate synthase (TS‐L) expression would have a higher response rate to combined 5‐fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) plus bevacizumab (FOLFOX/Bev) than those with high TS (TS‐H) expression and that combined irinotecan and oxaliplatin (IROX) plus bevacizumab (IROX/Bev) would be more effective than FOLFOX/Bev in those with TS‐H tumors.METHODSTS protein expression was determined in mCRC tissue. Patients who had TS‐L tumors received FOLFOX/Bev, and those who had TS‐H tumors were randomly assigned to receive either FOLFOX/Bev or IROX/Bev. The primary endpoint was the response rate (complete plus partial responses).RESULTSIn total, 211 of 247 patients (70% TS‐H) were registered to the treatment phase. Efficacy analyses included eligible patients who had started treatment (N = 186). The response rates for patients who received IROX/Bev (TS‐H), FOLFOX/Bev (TS‐H), and FOLFOX/Bev (TS‐L) were 33%, 38%, and 49%, respectively (P= nonsignificant). The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 10 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9‐12 months; 10 months in the IROX/Bev TS‐H group, 9 months in the FOLFOX/Bev TS‐H group, and 13 months in the FOLFOX/Bev TS‐L group). The TS‐L group had improved PFS compared with the TS‐H group that received FOLFOX/Bev (hazard ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0%‐2.4%;P= .04; Cox regression). The median overall survival (OS) was 22 months (95% CI, 20 29 months; 18 months in the IROX/Bev TS‐H group, 21 months in the FOLFOX/Bev TS‐H group, and 32 months in the TS‐L group). OS comparisons for the 2 TS‐H arms and for the FOLFOX/Bev TS‐H versus TS‐L arms were not significantly different.CONCLUSIONSTS expression was prognostic: Patients with TS‐L tumors who received FOLFOX/Bev had a longer PFS than those with TS‐H tumors, along with a trend toward longer OS. Patients with TS‐H tumors did not benefit more from IROX/Bev than from FOLFOX/Bev.Cancer2018;124:688‐97. ©2017 American Cancer Society.
Comparative study of lung and extrapulmonary poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas: A SEER database analysis of 162,983 cases
Authors: Dasari Arvind , Mehta Kathan , Byers Lauren A. , Sorbye Halfdan , Yao James C. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDExtrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are poorly studied and are managed similar to lung NECs, which may not account for differences between the 2 groups of tumors as well as the heterogeneity within extrapulmonary NEC.METHODSData from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program between 1973 and 2012 were used to estimate the relative percentages of lung NECs and subgroups of extrapulmonary NECs, epidemiological patterns at these sites, and the median and 5‐year overall survival rates.RESULTSOf 162,983 NEC cases, 14,732 were extrapulmonary; of these, 5509 were gastrointestinal (37.44%), 4151 were of unknown primary (28.2%), and 5072 were of other sites (34.4%). Lung NEC had the highest percentage of small cell morphology (95.2%) and gastrointestinal NEC had the least (38.7%), with the rest being other morphologies. Significant differences were noted with regard to median age (range, 48‐74 years), percentage of cases of distant stage disease (24%‐77%), and incidence according to sex and race. The median survival of patients with lung NEC was 7.6 months, that for patients with gastrointestinal NEC was 7.5 months (range, 25.1 months for NEC at the small intestine to 5.7 months for NEC at the pancreas), and that for patients with unknown NEC was 2.5 months. The 5‐year survival rate for patients with local stage disease ranged from 58% to 60% for NECs of the female genital tract and small intestine to 25% for esophageal NECs. The primary tumor site remained statistically significant for survival even after adjusting for known prognostic variables (P<.0001).CONCLUSIONSTo the authors' knowledge, the current study is the largest study of NECs performed to date and also the first with comprehensive epidemiological data. Significant differences in incidence patterns and large variations in survival depending on anatomical site and morphological subtype were noted. A curative approach is possible for patients with nonmetastatic NECs. Cancer 2018;124:807‐15. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Dose, schedule, safety, and efficacy of guadecitabine in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Roboz Gail J. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Yee Karen W. L. , Kropf Patricia L. , O'Connell Casey L. , Griffiths Elizabeth A. , Stock Wendy , Daver Naval G. , Jabbour Elias , Ritchie Ellen K. , Walsh Katherine J. , Rizzieri David , Lunin Scott D. , Curio Tania , Chung Woonbok , Hao Yong , Lowder James N. , Azab Mohammad , Issa Jean‐Pierre J. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDOutcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are poor. Guadecitabine, a next‐generation hypomethylating agent, could be useful in treating such patients.METHODSIn this multicenter, open‐label, phase 2 dose‐expansion study, AML patients from 10 North American medical centers were first randomized (1:1) to receive subcutaneous guadecitabine at 60 or 90 mg/m2 on 5 consecutive days in each 28‐day cycle (5‐day regimen). Subsequently, another cohort was treated for 10 days with 60 mg/m2 (10‐day regimen).RESULTSBetween June 15, 2012, and August 19, 2013, 108 patients with previously treated AML consented to enroll in the study, and 103 of these patients were treated; 5 patients did not receive the study treatment. A total of 103 patients were included in the safety and efficacy analyses (24 and 26 patients who were randomly assigned to 60 and 90 mg/m2/d, respectively [5‐day regimen] and 53 patients who were assigned to 60 mg/m2/d [10‐day regimen]). The 90 mg/m2 dose showed no benefit in clinical outcomes in comparison with 60 mg/m2 in the randomized cohort. Composite complete response (CRc) and complete response (CR) rates were higher with the 10‐day regimen versus the 5‐day regimen (CRc, 30.2% vs 16.0%; P = .1061; CR, 18.9% vs 8%; P = .15). Adverse events (grade ≥ 3) were mainly hematologic, with a higher incidence on the 10‐day regimen. Early all‐cause mortality was low and similar between regimens. Twenty patients (8 on the 5‐day regimen and 12 on the 10‐day regimen) were bridged to hematopoietic cell transplantation.CONCLUSIONSGuadecitabine has promising clinical activity and an acceptable safety profile and thus warrants further development in this population. Cancer 2018;124:325‐34. © 2017 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Prognostic relevance of early radiologic response to induction chemotherapy in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Malignant Mesenchymal Tumor 95 study
Authors: Vaarwerk Bas , van der Lee Johanna H. , Breunis Willemijn B. , Orbach Daniel , Chisholm Julia C. , Cozic Nathalie , Jenney Meriel , van Rijn Rick R. , McHugh Kieran , Gallego Soledad , Glosli Heidi , Devalck Christine , Gaze Mark N. , Kelsey Anna , Bergeron Christophe , Stevens Michael C. G. , Oberlin Odile , Minard‐Colin Veronique , Merks Johannes H. M. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDEarly response to induction chemotherapy is used in current European guidelines to evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapy and subsequently to adapt treatment in pediatric patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). However, existing literature on the prognostic value of early radiologic response on survival is contradictory; here the prognostic value is analyzed with data from the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) Malignant Mesenchymal Tumor 95 (MMT‐95) study.METHODSThis study examined 432 Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Grouping III (macroscopic residue) patients enrolled in the SIOP MMT‐95 study with a response assessment after 3 courses of chemotherapy (a 2‐dimensional assessment). Patients with progressive disease (PD) after 3 courses of chemotherapy were excluded (n = 7). Failure‐free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS), calculated with the Kaplan‐Meier method, were compared for 3 groups (complete response [CR]/partial response [PR], objective response [OR], and no response [NR]). The prognostic impact of early response was assessed through the calculation of Cox proportional hazards.RESULTSAfter 3 courses of chemotherapy, 85.2% of the patients had CR/PR, 8.6% had OR, and 6.3% had NR. For all patients, the 5‐year FFS and OS rates were 60% (95% confidence interval [CI], 56%‐65%) and 74% (95% CI, 70%‐78%), respectively. However, a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed no significant difference in FFS or OS between the response groups. The adjusted hazard ratios for an OR and NR were 1.09 (95% CI, 0.63‐1.88) and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.39‐1.67), respectively, for FFS and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.47‐1.76) and 1.27 (95% CI, 0.61‐2.64), respectively, for OS.CONCLUSIONSNo evidence was found for the idea that early radiologic response to chemotherapy is prognostic for survival for patients with RMS. Treatment adaptation based on early response (except for patients with PD) should, therefore, no longer be incorporated into future studies. Cancer 2018;124:1016‐24. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Risk of recurrence, prognosis, and follow‐up for Danish women with cervical cancer in 2005‐2013: A national cohort study
Authors: Taarnhøj Gry Assam , Christensen Ib Jarle , Lajer Henrik , Fuglsang Katrine , Jeppesen Mette Moustgaard , Kahr Henriette Strøm , Høgdall Claus 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDIn developed countries, women attend follow‐up after treatment for cervical cancer to detect recurrence. The aim of this study was to describe the Danish population of women with early‐stage cervical cancer at risk for recurrence and death due to recurrence.METHODSData were extracted from 3 nationwide databases to find women diagnosed with stage 1A1 to 1B1 cervical cancer in 2005‐2013. Recurrences were determined from data on oncological or surgical treatment more than 3 months after the initial diagnosis and were cross‐checked with patient journals.RESULTSIn all, 1523 patients were diagnosed with stage 1A1 to 1B1 cervical cancer. Eighty women experienced recurrences: 8 at International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage 1A1, 0 at FIGO stage 1A2, and 72 at FIGO stage 1B1. The 5‐year recurrence rate was 6.4%; 67.5% of the women had symptomatic recurrences, and 28.8% had asymptomatic recurrences. At significantly greater risk for recurrence were women at stage 1B1, regardless of their lymph node (LN) status at diagnosis (hazard ratio with a positive LN, 5.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65‐15.76; P = .0047; hazard ratio with a negative LN, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.25‐7.93; P = .0153; hazard ratio with LN data missing, 6.33; 95% CI, 1.80‐22.26; P = .004), women older than 50 years (hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.12‐2.94; P = .0158), and women with lymphatic and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI; hazard ratio, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.11‐3.30; P = .0188). In a multivariate analysis, significantly inferior survival was found after recurrence for patients with lymphatic LVSI (hazard ratio, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.04‐4.80; P = .0401), a symptomatic diagnosis of recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.08‐5.90; P = .0332), and multiple sites of recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.32‐5.61; P = .0066).CONCLUSIONSThis study has identified a group of women at FIGO stage 1A1 in no need of specialized, hospital‐based follow‐up. Many of the recurrences at FIGO stage 1B1 are asymptomatic, and this may show a need for follow‐up in this group. Further prospective investigation is needed. Cancer 2018;124:943‐51. © 2017 American Cancer Society.