bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEHP induces obesity and hypothyroidism through both central and peripheral pathways in C3H/He mice
Authors: Lv Ziquan , Cheng Jinquan , Huang Suli , Zhang Yanwei , Wu Shuang , Qiu Yangshen , Geng Yijie , Zhang Qian , Huang Guanqin , Ma Quan , Xie Xing , Zhou Shiquan , Wu Tangchun , Ke Yuebin 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveDi(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is reported to cause obesity and hypothyroidism in both humans and rodents, but the underlying mechanisms were largely unknown. This study was designed to clarify the effects and the mechanisms of DEHP on the pathogenesis of obesity and hypothyroidism and to discover the relationship between them.MethodsMale C3H/He mice were treated with DEHP for 5 weeks, and the body weight, food intake, and body temperature were recorded during the exposure. After exposure, key organs and serum were analyzed by Q‐PCR, Western blot, and ELISA.ResultsDEHP induced significant body weight gain and adipogenesis in all exposure groups except for 0.05 mg/kg. Marked hyperphagia and daytime hypothermia were also observed, which were accompanied by disturbed hypothalamic neuropeptide expression and reduced BAT UCP1 expression. In addition, WAT lipid metabolism was significantly deceased at low dose (0.5 mg/kg) and increased at high dose (50 and 200 mg/kg). DEHP also induced hypothyroidism, which was probably attributed to the combined effects of hepatic CAR activation and hypothalamic TRH inhibition induced by hypothalamic leptin resistance.ConclusionsChronic DEHP exposure could induce obesity by interrupting energy homeostasis, which is probably due to the synergistic effects of hypothyroidism and hypothalamic leptin resistance.
A pilot randomized controlled trial testing the effects of a routine‐based intervention on outcomes in a behavioural weight loss programme
Authors: Demos K. E. , Leahey T. M. , Hart C. N. , Trautvetter J. , Coward P. R. , Duszlak J. , Wing R. R. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBackgroundStructured routines aimed at eating and sleep have been successfully employed in weight loss interventions for children. Although such routines are discussed in lifestyle modification programmes for adults, they are not a primary focus.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine if establishing healthy eating and sleep routines may improve outcomes in a behavioural weight loss (BWL) intervention.MethodsTwenty‐five overweight/obese participants (age = 52.4 ± 9.8; body mass index = 33.5 ± 4.1) were randomly assigned to either a 4‐week routine‐based intervention (ROU) targeting regular eating and sleep or an education control before beginning an 18‐week BWL intervention.ResultsRoutine‐based intervention participants reported adhering to eating routines, with increased ‘on‐schedule’ eating (p = 0.007) and decreased ‘off‐schedule’ eating (p = 0.002) but showed no change in ‘on‐schedule’ sleep (p = 0.74). However, contrary to our hypothesis, ROU participants lost less weight than controls after 6 weeks of BWL (2.3 ± 2.5 vs. 4.6 ± 2.6 kg, p = 0.04) and achieved only modest weight loss over the full 18 weeks (ROU: 3.2 ± 4.6 vs. education control: 5.8 ± 5.7 kg, p = 0.23).ConclusionsFocusing initially on establishing healthy sleep and eating routines led to poorer, rather than better, subsequent weight loss outcomes. Further studies using a longer initial intervention period or focusing on only sleep or eating behaviour are needed to determine whether establishing routines for eating and sleep behaviours can enhance weight loss in adults.
Developing a method and simulation model for evaluating the overall energy performance of a ventilated semi‐transparent photovoltaic double‐skin facade
Authors: Peng Jinqing , Curcija Dragan C. , Lu Lin , Selkowitz Stephen E. , Yang Hongxing , Mitchell Robin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA comprehensive simulation model has been developed in this paper to simulate the overall energy performance of an amorphous silicon (a‐Si) based photovoltaic double‐skin facade (PV‐DSF). The methodology and the model simulation procedure are presented in detail. To simulate the overall energy performance, the airflow network model, daylighting model, and the Sandia Array Performance Model in the EnergyPlus software were adopted to simultaneously simulate the thermal, daylighting, and dynamic power output performances of the PV‐DSF. The interaction effects between thermal, daylighting, and the power output performances of the PV‐DSF were reasonably well modeled by coupling the energy generation, heat‐transfer, and optical models. Simulation results were compared with measured data from an outdoor test facility in Hong Kong in which the PV‐DSF performance was measured. The model validation work showed that most of the simulated results agreed very well with the measured data except for a modest overestimation of heat gains in the afternoons. In particular, the root‐mean‐square error between the simulated monthly AC energy output and the measured quantity was only 2.47%. The validation results indicate that the simulation model developed in this study can accurately simulate the overall energy performance of the semi‐transparent PV‐DSF. This model can, therefore, be an effective tool for carrying out optimum design and sensitivity analyses for PV‐DSFs in different climate zones. The methodology developed in this paper also provides a useful reference and starting point for the modeling of other kinds of semi‐transparent thin‐film PV windows or facades. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inflammatory indices in meconium aspiration syndrome
Authors: Hofer Nora , Jank Katharina , Strenger Volker , Pansy Jasmin , Resch Bernhard 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIntroductionMeconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is linked to inflammation, but data on the patterns of hematological indices and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in MAS are lacking. The aim of the study was to evaluate CRP, white blood cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and immature‐to‐total neutrophil ratio (IT‐ratio) in MAS and to assess their association with disease severity.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional study including 239 consecutively admitted neonates with MAS to a level III NICU. Neonates with early onset sepsis were excluded. Results Neonates with severe MAS (invasive mechanical ventilation for <7 days) and very severe MAS (invasive mechanical ventilation for ≥7 days or high frequency ventilation or ECMO) had higher CRP and IT‐ratio compared to neonates with non‐severe MAS (no invasive mechanical ventilation) during the first 2 days of life (CRP: 13.0 and 40.9 vs. 9.5 mg/L, P = 0.039 and <0.001, respectively) and neonates with very severe MAS had lower WBC and ANC. All four inflammatory indices correlated significantly with duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, duration of respiratory support and with length of hospital stay, arterial hypotension, and persistent pulmonary hypertension. Neonates with all four inflammatory indices beyond the normal range had a more than 20‐fold increase in risk for very severe MAS.ConclusionHigh CRP and IT‐ratio and low WBC and ANC values were closely linked to a more severe course of MAS during the early phases of the disease. These findings reflect the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of MAS. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:601–606. 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of double‐bond positions in isomeric alkenones from a lacustrine haptophyte
Authors: Dillon James T. , Longo William M. , Zhang Yifan , Torozo Rafael , Huang Yongsong 
Published: December 2015

RationaleMeasurements of alkenone unsaturation ratios are widely used for paleotemperature reconstructions in ocean and lake environments. Previously, we reported the discovery of a series of tri‐unsaturated alkenone positional isomers (Δ14, 21, 28) from oligosaline and freshwater lakes in Greenland and Alaska. In this work we provide a detailed analysis of the structures and isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ2H) of the alkenones produced by the “Greenland haptophyte”.MethodsAlkenones were extracted from sediments of Lake BrayaSø, Greenland. Alkenone double‐bond positions were determined by GC/EI‐MS analysis of alkenone dimethyl disulfide and cyclobutylimine derivatives. Alkenones were purified by semi‐preparative HPLC using a silver(I) thiolate stationary phase. Carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis was performed by gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS).ResultsA series of novel tri‐unsaturated alkenone positional isomers were identified among four alkenone homologues (i.e. C37 Me, C38 Me, C38 Et, and C39 Et) with double‐bond positions at Δ14, 21, 28. The hydrogen isotope compositions (δ2H, VSMOW) of the tri‐unsaturated positional isomers from C37 Me and C38 Et were slightly depleted (~ −11 ‰) relative to the common tri‐unsaturated alkenone. The carbon isotope composition (δ13C, VPDB) of the tri‐unsaturated positional isomers from the C37 Me, C38 Me, C38 Et, and C39 Et alkenones were significantly enriched (~ +4 ‰) relative to the common alkenones (di‐, tri‐, and tetra‐unsaturated).ConclusionsThe novel tri‐unsaturated alkenone positional isomers produced by the Greenland haptophyte possess Δ14, 21, 28 double‐bond positions, instead of the common Δ7, 14, 21 double‐bond positions. The hydrogen isotope values suggest the novel tri‐unsaturated positional isomers could be biosynthetic precursors to the tetra‐unsaturated alkenones (Δ7, 14, 21, 28). However, the significantly higher carbon isotope values of the tri‐unsaturated positional isomers relative to the common di‐, tri‐ and tetra‐unsaturated alkenones suggest these positional isomers may have different/additional biosynthetic precursors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of Porapak™ trap temperature on δ18O, δ13C, and Δ47 values in preparing samples for clumped isotope analysis
Authors: Petersen Sierra V. , Winkelstern Ian Z. , Lohmann Kyger C. , Meyer Kyle W. 
Published: December 2015

RationaleThe clumped isotope paleothermometer, a new proxy widely applicable in studies of paleoclimate, tectonics, and paleontology, relates the abundance of doubly substituted isotopologues of carbonate‐derived CO2 to the temperature of formation of the carbonate phase. As this technique becomes more widely used, more is discovered about the effects of everyday laboratory procedures on the clumped isotopic composition of CO2 gas.MethodsPreparation of CO2 for clumped isotope analysis requires the removal of isobaric contaminants prior to measurement, achieved dynamically by passing the CO2 through a gas chromatography column using a helium carrier gas or cryogenically pumping CO2 through a static trap filled with Porapak™ Q (PPQ) material. The stable and clumped isotopic compositions of carbonate standards prepared at PPQ trap temperatures between −40°C and −10°C were measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry to evaluate potential artifacts introduced by the static PPQ trap method.ResultsThe stable isotopic composition of carbonates run at temperatures below −20°C was fractionated, despite achieving >99% retrieval of gas at temperatures as cold as −30°C. The δ13C and δ18O values decreased by ~0.01 and ~0.03 ‰/(°C below −20°C). The raw Δ47 values decreased by 0.003–0.005 ‰/(°C below −20°C), but the final reference‐frame‐corrected values (Δ47‐RFAC) were unaffected as long as the carbonate samples and standard gases were prepared identically.ConclusionsPreparing carbonate samples for clumped isotope analysis using a PPQ trap that is too cold can result in erroneous stable isotopic compositions. New and existing labs using the static PPQ trap cleaning procedure should determine the ideal PPQ trap temperature for their particular system through monitoring not only yield through the PPQ trap, but also stable isotopic composition at various PPQ trap temperatures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive chatter mitigation control for machining processes with input saturations
Authors: Wu Yue , Zhang Hai‐Tao , Huang Tao , Zhao Huan , Ding Han 
Published: December 2015

SummaryChatter is an unstable nonlinear dynamical phenomenon often encountered in machining operations because of the self‐excitation mechanism, which may lead to overcut or rapid tool wear, and hence, greatly influence the surface quality and productivity in milling operations. Recent years have witnessed an increasing industrial demand of high quality and high efficiency machining. This paper hereby develops a constrained active adaptive control method to mitigate the chatter dynamics with input saturations. To guarantee the feasibility of the proposed approach, moderate stable conditions of the closed‐loop system are afterwards derived by using the LaSalle–Yoshizawa theorem as well. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to show the substantially enlarged stable region in the Lobe Diagram. Thus, the method can be expected to improve the efficiency of milling processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zur Stabilität von Winkelprofilen im Vergleich der Normen des Mast‐, Turm‐ und Freileitungsbaus
Authors: Schillo Nicole , Feldmann Markus 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGewalzte Winkel sind typische Profile im Mast‐, Turm‐ und Freileitungsbau. Je nach Länge des Profils können bei Druckbeanspruchung Versagensmodi von Drill‐ bzw. Biegedrillknicken, reinem Knicken und Interaktion mit lokalem Stabilitätsversagen auftreten. Die derzeitigen Normenwerke DIN EN 1993‐1 (Stahlbau), DIN EN 1993‐3 (Türme und Maste) sowie DIN EN 50341‐1 und DIN EN 50341‐3‐4 (beide Freileitungsbau) regeln die Stabilitätsnachweise zum Teil unterschiedlich. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Unterschiede herausgearbeitet und sowohl mit Versuchsergebnissen aus der Literatur als auch mit Finite‐Elemente‐Rechnungen, hier insbesondere hinsichtlich der Imperfektionsempfindlichkeit, verglichen.Buckling resistance of L‐profiles in towers, masts and open line constructions. Rolled L‐profiles are typical cross sections in towers, masts and open line constructions. Depending on the length, the dominant failure mode can change from lateral torsional to global and to local buckling. Current standards such as DIN EN 1993‐1 (steel structures), DIN EN 1993‐3 (towers and masts) and DIN EN 50341‐1 and ‐3‐4 (both open line constructions) are using different approaches to design against stability failure. In the study presented here, the main differences between the standards are shown. The results are furthermore compared with experimental results and finite element calculations, particularly with respect to imperfection sensitivity.
Laserstrahl‐MSG‐Hybridschweißen von Feinkornbaustählen für den Einsatz im Stahlbau
Authors: Lahdo Rabi , Seffer Oliver , Springer André , Kaierle Stefan , Collmann Mareike , Schaumann Peter 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn der industriellen Fertigung von Schiffen, Pipelines und Mobilkränen werden hochfeste Feinkornbaustähle, die durch Vorteile bezüglich Schweißeignung und mechanisch‐technologischer Eigenschaften gekennzeichnet sind, im Dickblechbereich eingesetzt. Konventionell werden Feinkornbaustähle durch mehrlagige Lichtbogenschweißverfahren mit relativ geringer Schweißgeschwindigkeit gefügt. Dabei sind sowohl der Verbrauch von Zusatzmaterial als auch die benötigte Fertigungszeit hoch. Hier stellt das Laserstrahl‐MSG‐Hybridschweißen eine potentielle Alternative dar. Dabei werden die Vorteile des MSG‐Schweißens und des Laserstrahlschweißens kombiniert bzw. die Nachteile kompensiert. Im Rahmen der vorgestellten Untersuchungen werden Laserstrahl‐MSG‐Hybridschweißprozesse zum einen mit einem integrierten induktiven Vorwärmprozess und zum anderen mit einem integrierten nachlaufenden MSG‐Prozess für Feinkornbaustähle der Güten S690QL (t = 15 mm und t = 20 mm), L485MB (t = 23 mm) und L450MB (t = 30 mm) entwickelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mit Hilfe des Laserstrahl‐MSG‐Hybridschweißens qualitativ hochwertige Schweißverbindungen an Dickblechen mit nur einer Lage erzeugt werden können. Zudem konnte die Robustheit des Laserstrahl‐MSG‐Hybridschweißens bezüglich der überbrückbaren Spaltbreite sowie Kantenversatz demonstriert werden.Laser‐GMA hybrid welding of high‐strength fine‐grained steels using in steel construction. For industrial manufacturing of ships, pipelines or cranes, thick plates made of high‐strength fine‐grained steels are used, which are characterized by advantages with respect to weldability and mechanical properties. Steel structures made of thick plates are conventionally joined using multi‐layer arc welding procedures, but this causes long production times and requires a high consumption of filler material. A potential alternative is laser‐GMA hybrid welding technology, which combines the best advantages of laser beam welding with those of conventional gas metal arc welding. In the context of these investigations, the laser‐GMA hybrid welding with an integrated inductive preheating process, and a laser‐GMA hybrid welding process with a trailing GMA‐welding process were developed for welding high‐strength fine‐grained steels with the grades of S690QL (t = 15 mm and t = 20 mm), L485MB (t = 23 mm) and L450MB (t = 30 mm). The results show that it is able to generate high quality welding seams by using a single‐layer laser‐GMA hybrid welding process. Furthermore, the robustness of the laser‐GMA hybrid welding process for bridging gap widths as well as vertical edge offsets could be demonstrated.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Promotes Macrophage Polarization and Inhibits B Cell Differentiation
Authors: Luz-Crawford Patricia , Djouad Farida , Toupet Karine , Bony Claire , Franquesa Marcella , Hoogduijn Martin J. , Jorgensen Christian , Noël Danièle 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The role of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RA) in mediating the immunosuppressive effect of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) has been reported in several studies. However, how MSC-derived IL1RA influences the host response has not been clearly investigated. We therefore derived MSCs from the bone marrow of IL1RA knockout mice and evaluated their immunosuppressive effect on different immune cell subsets. IL1RA deficient (IL1RA−/−) or wild type (wt) MSCs inhibited to the same extend the proliferation of T lymphocytes. On the contrary, IL1RA−/− MSCs were less effective than wt MSCs to induce in vitro the macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype secreting IL10 and exerting a suppressive effect on CD4+ T cells. Moreover compared with wt MSCs, IL1RA−/− MSCs did not efficiently support the survival of quiescent B lymphocytes and block their differentiation toward CD19+CD138+ plasmablasts secreting IgG antibodies. The effectiveness of IL1RA secreted by MSCs in controlling inflammation was further shown in vivo using the collagen-induced arthritis murine model. MSCs lacking IL1RA expression were unable to protect mice from arthritic progression and even worsened clinical signs, as shown by higher arthritic score and incidence than control arthritic mice. IL1RA−/− MSCs were not able to decrease the percentage of Th17 lymphocytes and increase the percentage of Treg cells as well as decreasing the differentiation of B cells toward plasmablasts. Altogether, our results provide evidence of the key role of IL1RA secreted by MSCs to both control the polarization of macrophages toward a M2 phenotype and inhibit B cell differentiation in vivo.
Modulation of the Innate Immune Response by Human Neural Precursors Prevails over Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Remyelination to Rescue a Severe Model of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease
Authors: Marteyn Antoine , Sarrazin Nadège , Yan Jun , Bachelin Corinne , Deboux Cyrille , Santin Mathieu D. , Gressens Pierre , Zujovic Violetta , Baron-Van Evercooren Anne 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) results from an X-linked misexpression of proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1). This leukodystrophy causes severe hypomyelination with progressive inflammation, leading to neurological dysfunctions and shortened life expectancy. While no cure exists for PMD, experimental cell-based therapy in the dysmyelinated shiverer model suggested that human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (hOPCs) or human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) are promising candidates to treat myelinopathies. However, the fate and restorative advantages of human NPCs/OPCs in a relevant model of PMD has not yet been addressed. Using a model of Plp1 overexpression, resulting in demyelination with progressive inflammation, we compared side-by-side the therapeutic benefits of intracerebrally grafted hNPCs and hOPCs. Our findings reveal equal integration of the donor cells within presumptive white matter tracks. While the onset of exogenous remyelination was earlier in hOPCs-grafted mice than in hNPC-grafted mice, extended lifespan occurred only in hNPCs-grafted animals. This improved survival was correlated with reduced neuroinflammation (microglial and astrocytosis loads) and microglia polarization toward M2-like phenotype followed by remyelination. Thus modulation of neuroinflammation combined with myelin restoration is crucial to prevent PMD pathology progression and ensure successful rescue of PMD mice. These findings should help to design novel therapeutic strategies combining immunomodulation and stem/progenitor cell-based therapy for disorders associating hypomyelination with inflammation as observed in PMD.
Expanded Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Reselected for High Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity Demonstrate Islet Regenerative Functions
Authors: Seneviratne Ayesh K. , Bell Gillian I. , Sherman Stephen E. , Cooper Tyler T. , Putman David M. , Hess David A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood (UCB) hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) purified for high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDHhi) stimulate islet regeneration after transplantation into mice with streptozotocin-induced β cell deletion. However, ALDHhi cells represent a rare progenitor subset and widespread use of UCB ALDHhi cells to stimulate islet regeneration will require progenitor cell expansion without loss of islet regenerative functions. Here we demonstrate that prospectively purified UCB ALDHhi cells expand efficiently under serum-free, xeno-free conditions with minimal growth factor supplementation. Consistent with the concept that ALDH-activity is decreased as progenitor cells differentiate, kinetic analyses over 9 days revealed the frequency of ALDHhi cells diminished as culture time progressed such that total ALDHhi cell number was maximal (increased 3-fold) at day 6. Subsequently, day 6 expanded cells (bulk cells) were sorted after culture to reselect differentiated progeny with low ALDH-activity (ALDHlo subset) from less differentiated progeny with high ALDH-activity (ALDHhi subset). The ALDHhi subset retained primitive cell surface marker coexpression (32.0% ± 7.0% CD34+/CD38− cells, 37.0% ± 6.9% CD34+/CD133+ cells), and demonstrated increased hematopoietic colony forming cell function compared with the ALDHlo subset. Notably, bulk cells or ALDHlo cells did not possess the functional capacity to lower hyperglycemia after transplantation into streptozotocin-treated NOD/SCID mice. However, transplantation of the repurified ALDHhi subset significantly reduced hyperglycemia, improved glucose tolerance, and increased islet-associated cell proliferation and capillary formation. Thus, expansion and delivery of reselected UCB cells that retain high ALDH-activity after short-term culture represents an improved strategy for the development of cellular therapies to enhance islet regeneration in situ.