bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review and Appraisal of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Musculoskeletal Soft Tissue Injuries and Conditions
Authors: Pincus Daniel , Kuhn John E. , Sheth Ujash , Rizzone Katie , Colbenson Kristi , Dwyer Tim , Karpinos Ashley , Marks Paul H. , Wasserstein David 
Published: October 2016

Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are published by several sports medicine institutions. A systematic evaluation can help identify the highest quality CPGs for clinical use and identify any deficiencies that remain. Purpose: To identify and appraise CPGs relevant to clinical sports medicine professionals. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: Predetermined selection criteria were utilized by 2 reviewers who independently identified published CPGs before January 1, 2014. CPGs were excluded if they focused on injured workers, radiological criteria, medical pathology, or the axial skeleton (back/neck). The remaining guidelines were scored by 6 reviewers with different clinical backgrounds using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II). Scores lower than 50% indicated deficiency. Scores were also stratified by the publishing institution and anatomic location and compared using Kruskal-Wallis tests. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to assess the range of interobserver agreement between the evaluators. Results: Seventeen CPGs met the inclusion criteria. The majority of guidelines pertained to the knee, ankle, or shoulder. Interobserver agreement was strong ( r = 0.548-0.740), and mean total scores between nonsurgical (107.8) and surgical evaluators (109.3) were not statistically different. Overall guideline quality was variable but not deficient for 16 of 17 guidelines (>50%), except regarding clinical “applicability” and “editorial independence.” No difference was found between CPGs of the knee, shoulder, foot/ankle, or chronic conditions. However, CPG publishing institutions had significantly different scores; the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) guidelines scored significantly higher (141.4) than the total mean score (108.0). Conclusion: The overall quality of sports medicine CPGs was variable but generally not deficient, except regarding applicability and editorial independence. Bias through poor editorial independence is a concern. To improve future guideline quality, authors should pay particular attention to these areas and use existing highest quality guidelines, or the AGREE II instrument, as templates. CPGs dedicated to anatomic areas other than the knee, ankle, and shoulder are needed.
Risk Factors Associated With Knee Joint Degeneration After Arthroscopic Reshaping for Juvenile Discoid Lateral Meniscus
Authors: Yamasaki Shinya , Hashimoto Yusuke , Takigami Junsei , Terai Shozaburo , Takahashi Shinji , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: October 2016

Background: Although arthroscopic meniscal reshaping for discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) has better outcomes than total or subtotal meniscectomy, degenerative changes on radiographs are still seen in some patients with meniscal reshaping. Purpose: To assess the risk factors associated with knee joint degeneration after reshaping surgery for juvenile DLM. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Forty patients (45 knees) with a mean age of 12.0 years who underwent arthroscopic meniscal reshaping for DLM were enrolled at a mean of 39.6 months after surgery. For all patients, meniscal saucerization was performed first. Then, if the residual meniscus was unstable, stabilization was provided with suture fixation. At final follow-up, we obtained radiographs to assess degenerative changes to the knee joint using the classification by Tapper and Hoover. Residual meniscal width and meniscal extrusion (defined as a relative percentage of extrusion [RPE]) were measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Then, the correlation between radiographic evidence of degenerative changes (Tapper and Hoover grade), residual meniscal width, and RPE were assessed with Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine whether preoperative characteristics correlated with degeneration and residual meniscal width. Results: The mean residual meniscal width was 4.6 mm (range, 3.8-6.0 mm), and the mean ± SD RPE was 25.5% ± 21.8% at the final follow-up. There were 28 knees with Tapper and Hoover grade 0, 10 knees with grade 1, and 7 knees with grade 2. The residual meniscal width and RPE were significantly correlated with Tapper and Hoover grade (ρ = −0.489, P = .0007; ρ = 0.414, P = .005, respectively). The residual meniscal width was also significantly correlated with RPE ( r = −0.416, P = .004). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that a 5.0-mm residual meniscal width was the cutoff value leading to evidence of degeneration. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that an anterocentral shift on preoperative MRI was a risk factor for degeneration (odds ratio, 27.2; 95% CI, 1.1-360.5; P = .012) and residual meniscal width less than 5.0 mm (odds ratio, 20.9; 95% CI, 1.5-281; P = .022). Conclusion: Smaller meniscal width and greater severity of meniscal extrusion correlated with knee joint degeneration. An anterocentral shift on preoperative MRI was a risk factor for degenerative changes and smaller residual meniscal width.
Bilateral versus ipsilesional cortico-subcortical activity patterns in stroke show hemispheric dependence
Authors: Vidal A Cristina , Banca Paula , Pascoal Augusto G , Santo Gustavo C , Sargento-Freitas João , Gouveia Ana , Castelo-Branco Miguel 
Published: October 2016

Background Understanding of interhemispheric interactions in stroke patients during motor control is an important clinical neuroscience quest that may provide important clues for neurorehabilitation. In stroke patients, bilateral overactivation in both hemispheres has been interpreted as a poor prognostic indicator of functional recovery. In contrast, ipsilesional patterns have been linked with better motor outcomes. Aim We investigated the pathophysiology of hemispheric interactions during limb movement without and with contralateral restraint, to mimic the effects of constraint-induced movement therapy. We used neuroimaging to probe brain activity with such a movement-dependent interhemispheric modulation paradigm. Methods We used an fMRI block design during which the plegic/paretic upper limb was recruited/mobilized to perform unilateral arm elevation, as a function of presence versus absence of contralateral limb restriction ( n = 20, with balanced left/right lesion sites). Results Analysis of 10 right-hemispheric stroke participants yielded bilateral sensorimotor cortex activation in all movement phases in contrast with the unilateral dominance seen in the 10 left-hemispheric stroke participants. Superimposition of contralateral restriction led to a prominent shift from activation to deactivation response patterns, in particular in cortical and basal ganglia motor areas in right-hemispheric stroke. Left-hemispheric stroke was in general characterized by reduced activation patterns, even in the absence of restriction, which induced additional cortical silencing. Conclusion The observed hemispheric-dependent activation/deactivation shifts are novel and these pathophysiological observations suggest short-term neuroplasticity that may be useful for hemisphere-tailored neurorehabilitation.
The role of repeat fine needle aspiration in the management of indeterminate thyroid nodules
Authors: Jooya Alborz , Saliba Joe , Blackburn Audrey , Tamilia Michael , Hier Michael P. , Mlynarek Alex , Forest Véronique-Isabelle , Rochon Louise , Florea Anca , Wang Hangjun , Payne Richard J. 
Published: October 2016

Background Management decisions are not straightforward when the Ultrasound Guided Fine Needle Aspiration (USFNA) demonstrates a Bethesda score of either category III or IV, and a diagnostic hemi-thyroidectomy or a repeat USFNA (r-USFNA) could be performed. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of r-USFNA in the management of indeterminate thyroid nodules by evaluating the likelihood of obtaining a definite diagnosis. Methods We reviewed the medical records of all patients with thyroid nodules between 2011 and 2015 at the Jewish General Hospital (Montreal, Canada). Three hundred fifty-one patients who had undergone a surgical procedure (hemi or total thyroidectomy) and a diagnosis of B3 or B4 on the primary USFNA (p-USFNA) were included in the study. Ninety-six of the included patients also had a repeat USFNA prior to the surgery. Demographic data, type of procedure, and McGill Thyroid Nodule Score (MTNS) were obtained from the medical records. Malignancy rates were calculated based on the final surgical histopathology report. Results Upon r-USFNA, an average 76 % of patients did not change Bethesda categories, 7.4 % downgraded to a benign category. The results showed that, on an average 17.3 % of patients with p-USFNA of B3 and 20 % of patients with p-USFNA of B4, upgraded to a malignant or suspicious for malignancy category, thus changing the clinical management to total thyroidectomy. Our data demonstrates that r-USFNA facilitates choosing the correct surgery of total thyroidectomy in about 20 % of nodules that have upgraded from B3/B4 to a more definite malignant category. Conclusions r-USFNA in patients with indeterminate diagnoses (B3 or B4) increases categorization into more definite categories. Approximately 20 % of patients are found to have malignant thyroid nodules and suspicious for malignancy thyroid nodules upon repeating the biopsy, hence a diagnostic hemi-thyroidectomy was avoided and a more definitive surgery could be performed. Furthermore, repeat USFNA results in a fewer number of hemi-thyroidectomy and completion thyroidectomy procedures.
Draft genome of Prochlorothrix hollandica CCAP 1490/1T (CALU1027), the chlorophyll a/b-containing filamentous cyanobacterium
Authors: Velichko Natalia , Rayko Mikhail , Chernyaeva Ekaterina , Lapidus Alla , Pinevich Alexander 
Published: October 2016

AbstractProchlorothrix hollandica is filamentous non-heterocystous cyanobacterium which possesses the chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complexes. Despite the growing interest in unusual green-pigmented cyanobacteria (prochlorophytes) to date only a few sequenced genome from prochlorophytes genera have been reported. This study sequenced the genome of Prochlorothrix hollandica CCAP 1490/1T (CALU1027). The produced draft genome assembly (5.5 Mb) contains 3737 protein-coding genes and 114 RNA genes.
Low-Dose Aspirin and Sporadic Anovulation in the EAGeR Randomized Trial
Authors: Radin Rose G. , Sjaarda Lindsey A. , Perkins Neil J. , Silver Robert M. , Chen Zhen , Lesher Laurie L. , Galai Noya , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Mumford Sunni L. , Schisterman Enrique F. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Context:
Among women with a single, recent pregnancy loss, daily preconception low-dose aspirin (LDA) increased the live birth rate with no effect on pregnancy loss. Ovulation is a potential mechanism underlying this effect.

Objective:
We estimated the effect of LDA on the per-cycle risk of anovulation among eumenorrheic women.

Design:
Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of daily LDA on reproductive outcomes. Preconception follow-up lasted 1 to 6 menstrual cycles (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00467363).

Setting:
Four US medical centers during 2007 to 2011.

Patients or Other Participants:
Healthy women (n = 1214), age 18 to 40, were attempting pregnancy, had regular menstrual cycles (21 to 42 days), and had a history of 1 to 2 documented pregnancy losses, ≤2 live births, and no infertility. All participants completed at least 1 menstrual cycle of follow-up; none withdrew due to adverse events.

Intervention:
Aspirin (81 mg) daily for 1 to 6 menstrual cycles.

Main Outcome Measure:
Per-cycle risk of anovulation, defined as the absence of both a positive spot-urine pregnancy test and a luteinizing hormone (LH) peak (2.5-fold increase in daily urinary LH). Hypothesis formulation preceded data collection.

Results:
Among 4340 cycles, LDA was not associated with anovulation (LDA: 13.4%, placebo: 11.1%; risk ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.52). Results were similar among women with a single, recent loss.

Conclusions:
Daily LDA had no effect on anovulation among women with a history of 1 to 2 pregnancy losses. LDA may affect fertility via other pathways, and these warrant further study.
Hygienic behaviour in Brazilian stingless bees
Authors: Al Toufailia Hasan , Alves Denise A. , Bento José M. S. , Marchini Luis C. , Ratnieks Francis L. W. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Social insects have many defence mechanisms against pests and pathogens. One of these is hygienic behaviour, which has been studied in detail in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Hygienic honey bee workers remove dead and diseased larvae and pupae from sealed brood cells, thereby reducing disease transfer within the colony. Stingless bees, Meliponini, also rear broods in sealed cells. We investigated hygienic behaviour in three species of Brazilian stingless bees (Melipona scutellaris, Scaptotrigona depilis, Tetragonisca angustula) in response to freeze-killed brood. All three species had high mean levels of freeze-killed brood removal after 48 h ∼99% in M. scutellaris, 80% in S. depilis and 62% in T. angustula (N=8 colonies per species; three trials per colony). These levels are greater than in unselected honey bee populations, ∼46%. In S. depilis there was also considerable intercolony variation, ranging from 27% to 100% removal after 2 days. Interestingly, in the S. depilis colony with the slowest removal of freeze-killed brood, 15% of the adult bees emerging from their cells had shrivelled wings indicating a disease or disorder, which is as yet unidentified. Although the gross symptoms resembled the effects of deformed wing virus in the honey bee, this virus was not detected in the samples. When brood comb from the diseased colony was introduced to the other S. depilis colonies, there was a significant negative correlation between freeze-killed brood removal and the emergence of deformed worker bees (P=0.001), and a positive correlation with the cleaning out of brood cells (P=0.0008). This shows that the more hygienic colonies were detecting and removing unhealthy brood prior to adult emergence. Our results indicate that hygienic behaviour may play an important role in colony health in stingless bees. The low levels of disease normally seen in stingless bees may be because they have effective mechanisms of disease management, not because they lack diseases.
Medical conditions associated with the use of CT in children and young adults, Great Britain, 1995–2008
Authors: Journy Neige M , McHugh Kieran , Harbron Richard W , Pearce Mark S , Berrington De Gonzalez Amy 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
To describe the medical conditions associated with the use of CT in children or young adults with no previous cancer diagnosis.

Methods:
Radiologist reports for scans performed in 1995–2008 in non-cancer patients less than 22 years of age were collected from the radiology information system in 44 hospitals of Great Britain. By semantic search, an automated procedure identified 185 medical conditions within the radiologist reports. Manual validation of a subsample by a paediatric radiologist showed a satisfactory performance of the automatic coding procedure.

Results:
Medical information was extracted for 37,807 scans; 19.5% scans were performed in children less than 5 years old; 52.0% scans were performed in 2000 or after. Trauma, diseases of the nervous (mainly hydrocephalus) or the circulatory system were each mentioned in 25–30% of scans. Hydrocephalus was mentioned in 19% of all scans, 59% of scans repeated ≥5 times in a year, and was the most frequent condition in children less than 5 years of age. Congenital diseases/malformations, disorders of the musculoskeletal system/connective tissues and infectious or respiratory diseases were each mentioned in 5–10% of scans. Suspicionor diagnosis of benign or malignant tumour was identified in 5% of scans.

Conclusion:
This study describes the medical conditions that likely underlie the use of CT in children in Great Britain. It shows that patients with hydrocephalus may receive high cumulative radiation exposures from CT in early life, i.e. at ages when they are most sensitive to radiation.

Advances in knowledge:
The majority of scans were unrelated to cancer suspicion. Repeated scans over time were mainly associated with the management of hydrocephalus.
The effects of an editor serving as one of the reviewers during the peer-review process
Authors: Giordan Marco , Csikasz-Nagy Attila , Collings Andrew M. , Vaggi Federico 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundPublishing in scientific journals is one of the most important ways in which scientists disseminate research to their peers and to the wider public. Pre-publication peer review underpins this process, but peer review is subject to various criticisms and is under pressure from growth in the number of scientific publications.MethodsHere we examine an element of the editorial process ateLife, in which the Reviewing Editor usually serves as one of the referees, to see what effect this has on decision times, decision type, and the number of citations. We analysed a dataset of 8,905 research submissions toeLifesince June 2012, of which 2,747 were sent for peer review. This subset of 2747 papers was then analysed in detail. ResultsThe Reviewing Editor serving as one of the peer reviewers results in faster decision times on average, with the time to final decision ten days faster for accepted submissions (n=1,405) and five days faster for papers that were rejected after peer review (n=1,099). Moreover, editors acting as reviewers had no effect on whether submissions were accepted or rejected, and a very small (but significant) effect on citation rates.ConclusionsAn important aspect ofeLife’s peer-review process is shown to be effective, given that decision times are faster when the Reviewing Editor serves as a reviewer. Other journals hoping to improve decision times could consider adopting a similar approach.
Inventory Management Based on Target-Oriented Robust Optimization
Authors: Lim Yun Fong , Wang Chen 
Published: October 2016

We propose a target-oriented robust optimization approach to solve a multiproduct, multiperiod inventory management problem subject to ordering capacity constraints. We assume the demand for each product in each period is characterized by an uncertainty set that depends only on a reference value and the bounds of the demand. Our goal is to find an ordering policy that maximizes the sizes of all the uncertainty sets such that all demand realizations from the sets will result in a total cost lower than a prespecified cost target. We prove that a static decision rule is optimal for an approximate formulation of the problem, which significantly reduces the computation burden. By tuning the cost target, the resultant policy can achieve a balance between the expected cost and the associated cost variance. Numerical experiments suggest that although only limited demand information is used, the proposed approach performs comparably to traditional methods based on dynamic programming and stochastic programming. More importantly, our approach significantly outperforms the traditional methods if the latter assume inaccurate demand distributions. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach through two case studies from different industries. This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Callable Contingent Capital: Valuation and Default Risk
Authors: Tian Weidong 
Published: October 2016

This paper proposes the use of contingent capital with a call provision, in which the insurer has an option to redeem the contingent capital at any time. I characterize in detail a unique dynamic equilibrium of common stock, subordinated contingent capital, and a senior standard bond under a simple yet sufficient and necessary condition that can be implemented easily. I further show that the issuance of callable contingent capital does not affect the default risk of an outstanding senior standard bond. As a result, callable contingent capital provides an alternative design for contingent capital using a prudential capital structure for a bank that is “too big to fail.” This paper was accepted by Jerome Detemple, finance.
Tests, scans and investigations, 3: blood HbA1C
Authors: Peate Ian , Bennett-Long Lisa 
Published: October 2016

There are a number of tests that can be used to diagnose diabetes mellitus. This article focuses on the blood test called HbA1C. The HbA1c test is the most common test that provides an indication of the patient's blood glucose levels for the previous two to three months. The test measures the amount of glucose carried by the red blood cells. This article provides the healthcare assistant (HCA) and assistant practitioner (AP) with a brief overview of the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus, signs and symptoms and possible treatment options. There is a discussion of some other tests that may be used, such as a finger prick blood glucose test. Understanding these issues will provide the HCA and AP with insight into this common blood test, the rationale for the test, preparation of the patient for the test and some insight concerning the results. The overall aim is to ensure that the care provided will be safe, effective and patient-centred.
GDF-15 Is Associated with Cancer Incidence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pavo Noemi , Wurm Raphael , Neuhold Stephanie , Adlbrecht Christopher , Vila Greisa , Strunk Guido , Clodi Martin , Resl Michael , Brath Helmut , Prager Rudolf , Luger Anton , Pacher Richard , Hülsmann Martin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Diabetes has been linked epidemiologically to increased cancer incidence and mortality. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is increased in patients with diabetes and has recently been linked to the occurrence of cancer. We investigated whether circulating GDF-15 concentrations can predict the incidence of malignant diseases in a diabetic patient cohort already facing increased risk for cancer.

METHODS
We prospectively enrolled a total of 919 patients with type 2 diabetes and no history of malignant disease, who were clinically followed up for 60 months. GDF-15, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and troponin T were measured at baseline; an additional 4 cardiovascular biomarkers were determined for a subpopulation (n = 259). Study end point was defined as the first diagnosis of any type of cancer during the follow-up period.

RESULTS
During a median follow-up of 60 months, 66 patients (7.2%) were diagnosed with cancer. Baseline circulating GDF-15 concentrations were higher in patients that developed cancer over the follow-up period when compared to cancer-free patients. Increased GDF-15 concentrations were significantly associated with cancer incidence [crude hazard ratio (HR) per 1-IQR (interquartile range) increase 2.13, 95% CI 1.53–2.97, P &lt; 0.001]. This effect persisted after multivariate adjustment with an adjusted HR of 1.86 (95% CI 1.22–2.84; P = 0.004). Among the 4 additionally tested cardiovascular markers in the subpopulation, only troponin T and C-terminal proendothelin-1 showed a significant association with future cancer incidence with unadjusted HRs of 1.71 (95% CI 1.28–2.28, P &lt; 0.001) and 1.68 (95% CI 1.02–2.76, P = 0.042), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Increased circulating concentrations of GDF-15 are associated with increased cancer incidence in patients with type 2 diabetes.