bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warnings as a directive front-of-pack nutrition labelling scheme: comparison with the Guideline Daily Amount and traffic-light systems
Authors: Arrúa Alejandra , Machín Leandro , Curutchet María Rosa , Martínez Joseline , Antúnez Lucía , Alcaire Florencia , Giménez Ana , Ares Gastón 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveWarnings have recently been proposed as a new type of directive front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labelling scheme to flag products with high content of key nutrients. In the present work, this system was compared with the two most common FOP nutrition labelling schemes (Guideline Daily Amounts (GDA) and traffic-light system) in terms of goal-directed attention, influence on perceived healthfulness and ability to differentiate between products.Design/Setting/SubjectsGoal-directed attention to FOP labels was evaluated using a visual search task in which participants were presented with labels on a computer screen and were asked to indicate whether labels with high sodium content were present or absent. A survey with 387 participants was also carried out, in which the influence of FOP labels on perceived healthfulness and ability to identify the healthful alternative were evaluated.ResultsWarnings improved consumers’ ability to correctly identify a product with high content of a key nutrient within a set of labels compared with GDA and received the highest goal-directed attention. In addition, products with high energy, saturated fat, sugar and/or sodium content that featured warnings on the label were perceived as less healthful than those featuring the GDA or traffic-light system. Warnings and the traffic-light system performed equally well in the identification of the most healthful product.ConclusionsResults from the present work suggest that warnings have potential as directive FOP nutrition labels to improve consumer ability to identify unhealthful products and highlight advantages compared with the traffic-light system.
Glycogen controls Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan and resistance to oxidative stress
Authors: Gusarov Ivan , Pani Bibhusita , Gautier Laurent , Smolentseva Olga , Eremina Svetlana , Shamovsky Ilya , Katkova-Zhukotskaya Olga , Mironov Alexander , Nudler Evgeny 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA high-sugar diet has been associated with reduced lifespan in organisms ranging from worms to mammals. However, the mechanisms underlying the harmful effects of glucose are poorly understood. Here we establish a causative relationship between endogenous glucose storage in the form of glycogen, resistance to oxidative stress and organismal aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that glycogen accumulated on high dietary glucose limits C. elegans longevity. Glucose released from glycogen and used for NADPH/glutathione reduction renders nematodes and human hepatocytes more resistant against oxidative stress. Exposure to low levels of oxidants or genetic inhibition of glycogen synthase depletes glycogen stores and extends the lifespan of animals fed a high glucose diet in an AMPK-dependent manner. Moreover, glycogen interferes with low insulin signalling and accelerates aging of long-lived daf-2 worms fed a high glucose diet. Considering its extensive evolutionary conservation, our results suggest that glycogen metabolism might also have a role in mammalian aging.
Discovery of long-range inhibitory signaling to ensure single axon formation
Authors: Takano Tetsuya , Wu Mengya , Nakamuta Shinichi , Naoki Honda , Ishizawa Naruki , Namba Takashi , Watanabe Takashi , Xu Chundi , Hamaguchi Tomonari , Yura Yoshimitsu , Amano Mutsuki , Hahn Klaus M. , Kaibuchi Kozo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA long-standing question in neurodevelopment is how neurons develop a single axon and multiple dendrites from common immature neurites. Long-range inhibitory signaling from the growing axon is hypothesized to prevent outgrowth of other immature neurites and to differentiate them into dendrites, but the existence and nature of this inhibitory signaling remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that axonal growth triggered by neurotrophin-3 remotely inhibits neurite outgrowth through long-range Ca2+ waves, which are delivered from the growing axon to the cell body. These Ca2+ waves increase RhoA activity in the cell body through calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I. Optogenetic control of Rho-kinase combined with computational modeling reveals that active Rho-kinase diffuses to growing other immature neurites and inhibits their outgrowth. Mechanistically, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I phosphorylates a RhoA-specific GEF, GEF-H1, whose phosphorylation enhances its GEF activity. Thus, our results reveal that long-range inhibitory signaling mediated by Ca2+ wave is responsible for neuronal polarization.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of grassland aboveground biomass on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on validated MODIS NDVI
Authors: Liu Shiliang , Cheng Fangyan , Dong Shikui , Zhao Haidi , Hou Xiaoyun , Wu Xue 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSpatiotemporal dynamics of aboveground biomass (AGB) is a fundamental problem for grassland environmental management on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data can feasibly be used to estimate AGB at large scales, and their precise validation is necessary to utilize them effectively. In our study, the clip-harvest method was used at 64 plots in QTP grasslands to obtain actual AGB values, and a handheld hyperspectral spectrometer was used to calculate field-measured NDVI to validate MODIS NDVI. Based on the models between NDVI and AGB, AGB dynamics trends during 2000–2012 were analyzed. The results showed that the AGB in QTP grasslands increased during the study period, with 70% of the grasslands undergoing increases mainly in the Qinghai Province. Also, the meadow showed a larger increasing trend than steppe. Future AGB dynamic trends were also investigated using a combined analysis of the slope values and the Hurst exponent. The results showed high sustainability of AGB dynamics trends after the study period. Predictions indicate 60% of the steppe and meadow grasslands would continue to increase in AGB, while 25% of the grasslands would remain in degradation, with most of them distributing in Tibet.
Selective inhibition of sterolO-acyltransferase 1 isozyme by beauveriolide III in intact cells
Authors: Ohshiro Taichi , Kobayashi Keisuke , Ohba Mio , Matsuda Daisuke , Rudel Lawrence L. , Takahashi Takashi , Doi Takayuki , Tomoda Hiroshi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBeauveriolide III (BeauIII) inhibited sterol O-acyltransferases 1 and 2 (SOAT1 and SOAT2), which are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane proteins, in an enzyme-based assay, and selectively inhibited SOAT1 in a cell-based assay using SOAT1-/SOAT2-CHO cells. This discrepancy in SOAT inhibition by BeauIII was investigated. In the enzyme-based assay, BeauIII inhibited SOAT1 and SOAT2 to a similar extent using microsomes prepared from cells disrupted under the strongest sonication condition. In semi-intact SOAT1-/SOAT2-CHO cells prepared by a treatment with digitonin (plasma membrane permeabilized), BeauIII selectively inhibited SOAT1 (IC50; 5.0 µM (SOAT1) vs >90 µM (SOAT2)), while in those treated with saponin (plasma membrane and ER membrane permeabilized), BeauIII inhibited SOAT1 (IC50, 1.8 µM) and SOAT2 (5.9 µM). SOAT1-selective inhibition by BeauIII was reproduced in intact ER fractions prepared from SOAT1/SOAT2-CHO cells. A Western blotting analysis revealed that biotin-labeled beauveriolide bound to the SOAT1 protein prepared from SOAT1-CHO cells. We concluded that BeauIII binds to a putative active site responsible for SOAT1 that is located on the cytosolic side of the ER, while BeauIII is not accessible to the corresponding active site for SOAT2 located on the luminal side.
Incoherent-mediator for quantum state transfer in the ultrastrong coupling regime
Authors: Cárdenas-López F. A. , Albarrán-Arriagada F. , Barrios G. Alvarado , Retamal J. C. , Romero G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe study quantum state transfer between two qubits coupled to a common quantum bus that is constituted by an ultrastrong coupled light-matter system. By tuning both qubit frequencies on resonance with a forbidden transition in the mediating system, we demonstrate a high-fidelity swap operation even though the quantum bus is thermally populated. We discuss a possible physical implementation in a realistic circuit QED scheme that leads to the multimode Dicke model. This proposal may have applications on hot quantum information processing within the context of ultrastrong coupling regime of light-matter interaction.
Differential cohesin loading marks paired and unpaired regions of platypus sex chromosomes at prophase I
Authors: Casey Aaron E. , Daish Tasman J. , Barbero Jose Luis , Grützner Frank 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCohesins are vital for chromosome organisation during meiosis and mitosis. In addition to the important function in sister chromatid cohesion, these complexes play key roles in meiotic recombination, DSB repair, homologous chromosome pairing and segregation. Egg-laying mammals (monotremes) feature an unusually complex sex chromosome system, which raises fundamental questions about organisation and segregation during meiosis. We discovered a dynamic and differential accumulation of cohesins on sex chromosomes during platypus prophase I and specific reorganisation of the sex chromosome complex around a large nucleolar body. Detailed analysis revealed a differential loading of SMC3 on the chromatin and chromosomal axis of XY shared regions compared with the chromatin and chromosomal axes of asynapsed X and Y regions during prophase I. At late prophase I, SMC3 accumulation is lost from both the chromatin and chromosome axes of the asynaptic regions of the chain and resolves into subnuclear compartments. This is the first report detailing unpaired DNA specific SMC3 accumulation during meiosis in any species and allows speculation on roles for cohesin in monotreme sex chromosome organisation and segregation.
Common lipid features of lethal ventricular tarchyarrhythmias (LVTAs) induced by myocardial infarction and myocardial ion channel diseases
Authors: Wu Jiayan , Wu Qian , Wang Dian , Kong Jing , Dai Wentao , Wang Xingxing , Yu Xiaojun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLethal ventricular tachyarrhythmia (LVTA) is the most prevalent electrophysiological underpinning of sudden cardiac death (SCD), a condition that occurs in response to multiple pathophysiological abnormalities. The aim of this study was to identify common lipid features of LVTA that were induced by distinct pathophysiological conditions, thereby facilitating the discovery of novel SCD therapeutic targets. Two rat LVTA-SCD models were established to mimic myocardial infarction (MI) and myocardial ion channel diseases. Myocardial and serum specimens were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS)-based lipidomics. The lipid profiles of the myocardial and serum specimens were similar between the models. Eleven myocardial lipid classes were altered, including downregulations of: cardiolipin, ceramide, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, and upregulations of: lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid. Serum concentrations of triacylglycerol, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol were also altered. Alterations of lipids in paired myocardia and sera were closely correlated. Cardiolipin 70:5, cardiolipin 74:9 and ceramide d34:2 were tested as potential biomarkers of LVTA. The results indicate that there are common LVTA lipid profiles induced by MI and myocardial ion channel diseases, potentially offering novel LVTA-SCD therapeutic targets.
A Case of Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Authors: Bidani Navneet 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPersonality disorders are a group of conditions characterised by an inability to get on with other people and learn from experience. People with a personality disorder may find that their beliefs and attitudes are different from those of most other people. Others may find their behaviour unusual, unexpected or perhaps offensive. In this article, we discuss a case of a 42-year-old man with schizotypal personality disorder with typical delusions of being abused and persecuted and subsequent formication. With a properly selected homeopathic medicine, the patient experienced symptom improvement in self-confidence, somatic complaints, stress and worry, anxiety and delusions, suggesting that homeopathy is quite useful in the treatment of such personality disorders.
A Case of Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides)
Authors: Coramai Laura 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA case with chief complaints from cat allergies to fear and ‘bad attitude’ was addressed with Populus tremuloides. The case analysis applies Jan Scholten's Plant System by way of breaking down facets of the case as per Scholten's Element Theory as it is used in the Plant System. Main themes of the remedy are individualised in the case of the patient: hay fever (patient's cat allergy), lack of confidence/self-confidence, sensitive, loss of will power (suicidal depression, alcoholism, co-dependent relationships), ailments from being incomplete for the job, short-sighted, bankruptcy (bankruptcy in patient's family), unseen and unknown impressions/receiving impressions from other planes of reality (premonition of mother's death).
Bambusa and Burn-out
Authors: Leupen Alex 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlex Leupen has worked in the Homeopathic Doctors Centre in Utrecht, the Netherlands, since 1990. Eight colleagues work in this centre, including Jan Scholten. Alex is an experienced teacher (the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany) on the underlying systems in the plant families, animal kingdom, sarcodes, nosodes, fungi and the periodic table of the elements pertaining to homeopathic practice. In this article, he shares clinical tips.
Rationaler Antibiotikaeinsatz Daten aus dem mre-netz regio rhein-ahr aus einer Umfrage von 2014 und Vergleich mit bundesweiten Daten von 2009
Authors: Lendowski Luba , Walger Peter , Hoeser Christoph , Exner Martin , Roesing Claudia , Engelhart Steffen 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Einführung Die Bedeutung von multiresistenten gramnegativen Erregern als Ursache von lebensbedrohlichen Infektionen lässt dem Antibiotic Stewardship höchste Bedeutung zukommen.
Ziel Erkennen von Schwächen bei Antibiotikaverschreibungen in Krankenhäusern und Vergleich zwischen 2009 und 2014.
Methoden Ein Fragebogen wurde 2014 an alle 380 Ärzte von 7 Krankenhäusern, der Grund-, Regel- und Maximalversorgung verteilt. Erfasst wurden berufliche Entwicklung, Funktion, Kenntnisstand und Vorhandensein und Einsatz von Regeln zum Umgang mit Antibiotika. Die 119 beantworteten Fragebögen von 2014 wurden mit den 3613 aus 2009 verglichen.
Ergebnisse 31% der Fragebögen wurden zurückgeschickt, 53,8% von Assistenzärzten, die Hälfte ohne Facharztanerkennung. 32,8% wurden von Oberärzten, 12,6% von Chefärzten beantwortet. 22.6% waren Internisten, 18,4% Chirurgen, 10,9% Urologen und 9,2% Anaesthesisten. Mehrheitlich wurden Antibiotika täglich verschrieben, von Assistenzärzten zu 66%. 23% der Assistenzärzte gaben an, täglich andere Kollegen zu beraten und 61% mind. 1-mal in der Woche. Der häufigste Anlass hierfür ist die perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe (35), der Harnwegsinfekt (32) und die Pneumonie (29). Die Standarddauer der Gabe war 7 Tage bei Pneumonie, 5 Tage beim Harnwegsinfekt und 1 Tag bei der perioperativen Antibiotikaprophylaxe.In fast der Hälfte der Fälle wurde die perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe auf 3, 5, 7,8 und 10 Tage ausgedehnt. 93,3% der Ärzte berichteten Antibiotikaleitlinien des eigenen Hauses oder von Fachgesellschaften zu benutzen. Nur 59,3% wussten über die Resistenzen an ihrem Arbeitsplatz Bescheid. 52,1% verschreiben Breitspektrumantibiotika ohne Rücksprache mit dem Oberarzt oder Chefarzt. Im Vergleich zu 2009 sind Kenntnisstand über Antibiotikaresistenzen des Hauses, Benutzung von Leitlinien und Rücksprache mit Ober- bzw. Chefarzt jeweils um ca. 5% angestiegen.
Schlussfolgerung Trotz Verbesserung im Vergleich zu 2009 kannten 38,9% der Befragten die antibiotische Resistenzlage in ihrem Haus nicht und die Hälfte aller Chirurgen setzte die perioperative Prophylaxe länger als 24 Stunden ein. Da die Bereitschaft antibiotische Leitlinien zu benutzen mit 93,3% sehr hoch ist, sollten diese ausgeweitet und regelmäßig an die Resistenzlage angepasst werden. Ferner sollte die perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe länger als einen Tag wegen der zusätzlichen Nebenwirkungen ohne weiteren Benefit kritisch hinterfragt werden.
Methodological issues in the use of directional parallel corpora
Authors: Dupont Maïté , Zufferey Sandrine 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe recent emergence of large parallel corpora has represented a leap ahead for cross-linguistic and translation studies. However, the specificities of these corpora and their influence on the nature of observed linguistic phenomena remain underexplored, especially in the field of contrastive linguistics. In this study, we compare the translation equivalences of four concessive adverbial connectives in English and in French across three corpora varying along three dimensions: register, directionality of the translation and translator expertise. Our results indicate that these dimensions affect the cross-linguistic equivalences observed between connectives. We conclude that, in future work, translation-based claims about cross-linguistic equivalences should be balanced according to the type of data analysed. We also identify a pressing need for more rigorously-documented parallel corpora for the English-French language pair.
Translaboration
Authors: Saadat Shabnam 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Adopting a sociological approach, this article focuses on the interface between fandom and translation. It investigates the structural rules and resources driving and conditioning translation activity in post-revolutionary Iran and the consequences it might engender. The textual and paratextual data is collected from the official and parallel volunteer translations of A Song of Ice and Fire series by George R. R. Martin. It is argued that translaboration, a blended concept aligning the notions of translation and collaboration, in cyberspace is a response to the structurally imposed constraints, and an attempt to take control of discourse and to resist the state rules which instrumentalise translation to perpetuate the dominant discourse. This type of translaboration, which is outside the official translational policies of the state, delineates the expectations not being met by the officially published translation, and also demarcates the formal and informal norms. Drawing on their resources, the translaborators not only empower the source text to reach a wider readership without the mediation of the institutional structures of power, but also in turn are empowered by the translation.
‘Kandinsky-fying’ the law
Authors: Kathrani Paresh 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSources of law are made up of terms that, amongst other things, mediate between facts and different results, and it is the role of lawyers to explain or justify why a particular interpretation or permutation of a given term should be taken in a given case. Such terms do not exist in isolation, but are hugely contextual and play an integral role in intermediating between different potential outcomes. Therefore, the skill of carefully applying and using legal terms is one of the primary focuses of legal education and calls for a consideration of the intricate role that legal terms play in legal argumentation. However, sometimes this endeavour in the law classroom is affected by the focus placed on the meaning of individual terms, as opposed to the broader role they have in legal reasoning and the analysis of legal outcomes. In considering this, this paper draws a contrast between the way in which students sometimes use different legal and moral terms in the various roles in their lives outside of the classrooms and within, and contends that one of the reasons for this is the greater liberty that they feel in using different terms outside of the classroom. This paper contends that, pedagogically, a similar level of independence can be achieved through the collaborative translation of legal concepts into abstract art, by enabling students to take greater co-ownership of legal language. Specifically, it argues that Wassily Kandinsky’s art theory, with its emphasis on the spirit and emotions, can provide an effective framework for this.
Risk of vascular events or death in different manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease: a 2-year follow-up study with a control group
Authors: Staszewski Jacek , Piusińska-Macoch Renata , Brodacki Bogdan , Skrobowska Ewa , Macek Katarzyna , Stępień Adam 
Published: June 2017

Background and PurposeNatural course of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) has not yet been thoroughly studied. The aim of the single center study was to establish risk of vascular events or death in different manifestations of CSVD.Methods150 consecutive, functionally independent patients with marked MRI features of CSVD and with recent lacunar stroke (n=52, LS), 20 with deep hemorrhagic stroke (HS), 28 with vascular parkinsonism (VaP), 50 with vascular dementia (VaD) and 55 controls (CG) with high atherothrombotic risk free of cerebrovascular events were prospectively recruited and followed for 24 months.ResultsMean age and sex distribution were similar in CSVD and CG but patients with CSVD were less likely to have CAD (19% vs 40%, p=0,02) and tended to have higher prevalence of diabetes (54% vs 37%, p=0,11). The risk of vascular events or death was increased in any patients with moderate to severe white matter lesions at baseline MRI (HR 2,0; 95%CI 0,85-7,2), in CSVD (4,56; 95%CI 1,3-14,9) vs CG, regardless of its clinical manifestation: LS or HS (HR 4,70; 95%CI 1,3-16,2) and VaD or VaP (HR 4,59; 95%CI 1,3-15,7).ConclusionsPatients with symptomatic CSVD regardless of the clinical (acute or chronic) manifestation had more than fourfold the risk of vascular events or death in 24 months of observation compared with controls with high atherothrombotic risk free of cerebrovascular events.