bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction Method of Railway Freight Volume Based on Genetic Algorithm Improved General Regression Neural Network
Authors: Guo Zhi-da , Fu Jing-Yuan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRailway freight transportation is an important part of the national economy. Accurate forecast of railway freight volume is significant to the planning, construction, operation, and decision making of railways. After analyzing the application status of generalized regression neural network (GRNN) in the prediction method of railway freight volume, this paper improves the performance of this model by using improved neural network. In the improved method, genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted to search the optimal spread, which is the only factor of GRNN, and then the optimal spread is used for forecasting in GRNN. In the process of railway freight volume forecasting, through this method, the increments of data are taken in the calculation process and the goal values are obtained after calculation as the forecasted results. Compared with the results of GRNN, a higher prediction accuracy is obtained through the GA-improved GRNN. Finally, the railway freight volumes in the next 2 years are forecasted based on this method.
Seven cases with Williams-Beuren syndrome: endocrine evaluation and long-term follow-up
Authors: Güven Ayla 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground:Endocrine evaluation and long-term follow-up of seven (six male) patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) are given.Method:Data were obtained from patients’ medical records. All patients underwent hormonal analyses and four of them underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).Results:They all had mild hypercalcemia. Three of them had overt hypothyroidism while subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in three patients. Four patients had thyroid hypoplasia and one had thyroid agenesis. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) was determined in one patient. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was found in three adolescents. All adolescents had early-onset puberty. The follow-up duration was 5.7±2.1 years. The mean growth velocity (GV) was 12.9±7.2 cm and 7.6±2 cm at the end of the first and second years of therapy, respectively. All patients had neurodevelopment retardation and were continuing to special education.Conclusions:Thyroid hypoplasia is common and agenesis can be seen in patients with WBS; therefore, thyroid hormones should be measured in the newborn period and annually. GHD should be kept in mind in patients with decreased GV. IGT might be detected in patients with WBS even in adolescence.
Characterising the impact of rainfall on dustfall rates
Authors: Lodder J. , Van Nierop M.A. , Van Staden E. , Piketh S.J. 
Published: January 2017

Soil moisture increased the cohesion potential between particles, reducing the ability of the particle to be entrained. Dust suppression techniques are designed to increase soil moisture and therefore soil cohesion through the application of water or water-based chemicals to surfaces that have known potential for dust entrainment. Rainfall has the ability to act as a natural dust suppression mechanism; however, there is a paucity of literature on the actual effectiveness of rainfall in this regard. The ASTM D1739 methods for dustfall monitoring, commonly used in South Africa, and the National Dust Control Regulations (2013), both state that rainfall should be recorded when conducting dustfall monitoring. The rationale is that rainfall or the absence thereof, results in lower or higher dustfall rates, respectively. A suitable study site was identified in Mpumalanga, South Africa. This site had eight non-directional dustfall samplers in the near vicinity of an air quality monitoring station. Dustfall results from the eight samplers were analysed based on four scenarios, two that considers the presence of rainfall and two that consider the absence of rainfall. This analysis was further combined with wind speed data. This study, over a 24-month period indicates that there is no substantial evidence that above average rainfall will result in below average dustfall. This occurred for one month out of 24 months. Conversely, there is no consensus that the absence of rainfall will result in higher dustfall rates, which occurred cumulatively 30% of the time. Additional environmental and / or operational information may have a greater influence on dustfall compared to rainfall. Careful consideration should be taken to prevent misrepresentation of causational effects of rainfall on dustfall results. Management of dust should be undertaken through dust mitigation measures irrespective of the natural rainfall regime.
Do presente para o passado: a variação lexical em Minas Gerais a partir de corpora geolinguísticos sobre brinquedos infantis
Authors: Romano Valter Pereira , Seabra Rodrigo Duarte 
Published: January 2017

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a variação lexical em Minas Gerais considerando dois recortes sincrônicos, década de 1970 e início da segunda década do século XXI. Objetiva-se discutir aspectos da variação e mudança linguística em tempo real e tempo aparente e a proposição de áreas lexicais no território mineiro a partir das divisões dialetais propostas por outros estudiosos. Para tanto, foram selecionadas duas cartas linguísticas do Esboço de um Atlas Linguístico de Minas Gerais e dados do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil no que se refere às variantes que recobrem os conceitos da bolinha de gude e estilingue. Os dados são tratados quantitativa e qualitativamente por meio de gráficos, tabelas, cartas linguísticas e a interpretação dos resultados observados correlacionando-os a outros estudos. Dentre as conclusões, observa-se a importância de conjugar o estudo em tempo real ao de tempo aparente o que pode dar indícios de uma possível mudança linguística para alguns itens. Por outro lado, a configuração diatópica não confirma as divisões dialetais de Minas Gerais até então propostas, pelo menos no que se refere ao léxico. Palavras-chave: projeto ALiB; EALMG; variação lexical; Minas Gerais.Abstract: This article is a study regarding the lexical variations in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and considers two synchronous delimitations, late 1970s and early 2010s. The aim is to discuss aspects of linguistic variation and change in real time and apparent time and the proposition of lexical areas in territory of Minas Gerais from the dialect divisions proposed by other scholars. To this end, two linguistic maps of the Draft of a Linguistic Atlas of Minas Gerais and data from the Linguistic Atlas of Brazil regarding variants of the concepts of bolinha de gude [mibs] and estilingue [slingshot] were selected. The data are analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively with graphics, tables, linguistic maps and interpretation of the results observed by correlating them to other studies. Among the findings, the importance of combining the real time study to the apparent time can be indicative of a possible language change for some items. On the other hand, the diatopic configuration does not confirm the dialect divisions established so far for Minas Gerais, at least as regards the lexicon.Keywords: ALiB Project; EALMG; Lexical Variation; Minas Gerais.
Identidade sociolinguística na fronteira de Aceguá (Brasil-Uruguai)
Authors: Pacheco Cintia da Silva 
Published: January 2017

Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar e analisar a entrada do pronome a gente na comunidade bilíngue uruguaia em Aceguá (fronteira Brasil-Uruguai) como um elemento ratificador da variedade do português uruguaio da fronteira. Essa mudança linguística é recente no português uruguaio, mesmo porque até então não havia registros de a gente como pronome, mas apenas como item lexical, semelhante ao que acontece no espanhol. A análise é sobre a identidade sociolinguística da fronteira a partir da inserção do pronome a gente na comunidade uruguaia como sujeito discursivo brasileiro sem ferir a identidade múltipla e fluida dos moradores da fronteira. Palavras-chave: contato linguístico; português uruguaio; português brasileiro; pronome a gente; identidade sociolinguística.Abstract: This research aims to identify and analyze the use of a gente pronoun in Uruguayan bilingual community of Aceguá (Brazilian-Uruguayan border), like a phenomenon that ratifies the Uruguayan Portuguese variety spoken in the borderland. This linguistic change is recent in the Uruguayan Portuguese, considering that there were no previous records of the use of a gente as a pronoun, but only as a lexical item, resembling what happens in the Spanish case. This analysis is about the sociolinguistic identity in the borderland, mainly from the insertion of a gente pronoun as a Brazilian discursive subject in the Uruguayan community, without hurting the multiple and fluid identity of the borderland neighbors.Keywords: Linguistic Contact; Uruguayan Portuguese; Brazilian Portuguese; a gente Pronoun; Sociolinguistic Identity.
Uma Retórica primordial: de Górgias de Leontini à projeção discursiva dos Black Blocs
Authors: Galinari Melliandro Mendes , Oliveira Gabriela Nascimento Rossi de 
Published: January 2017

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta uma definição de Retórica a partir da obra de Górgias de Leontini, um dos mais importantes sofistas em atividade na Atenas do século V a.C. Além disso, busca demonstrar a influência de suas reflexões no pensamento de Friedrich Nietzsche para, em seguida, conectá-las à Análise Argumentativa do Discurso, tal como postulada por Ruth Amossy. Esse percurso teórico tem como objetivo resgatar uma concepção alternativa do processo argumentativo, não o reduzindo ao mapeamento exaustivo de técnicas conscientes ou tipos de argumento, como fazem algumas perspectivas herdeiras da vertente aristotélica e perelmaniana. Assim, tem-se como problema central a busca por uma definição de Retórica cada vez mais compatível com a abordagem de todo e qualquer mecanismo da estrutura da linguagem (modalizações, estruturas narrativas, ritmo etc.), o que ultrapassa a observação de tipologias de argumentos de caráter lógico ou quase-lógico. Como resultado teórico, mostra-se que a Retórica está ligada, primordialmente, à não transparência e à opacidade do discurso, o que implica em associá-la ao fato de a linguagem, em toda a sua estrutura material, não coincidir com o real. Para colocar em prática as reflexões teóricas desenvolvidas, o artigo faz uma sucinta análise de uma reportagem presente em uma revista brasileira (Revista Época), cujo tema é a atuação dos Black Blocs nas manifestações que tomaram as ruas do Brasil a partir de junho de 2013. Palavras-chave: Retórica; Análise do Discurso; Sofística; Górgias de Leontini; Black Blocs.Abstract: This article presents a definition of rhetoric by Gorgias of Leontini, one of Athens most important active Sophists of the 5th Century BC. Moreover, it aims to demonstrate the influence of his reflections on Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy, which will subsequently be connected to the Argumentative Discourse Analysis, postulated by Ruth Amossy. This research aims to revisit this alternative discussion of an argumentation process, not reducing it to repetitive definitions of techniques and argument types, as some approaches related to Aristotelianism or the Perelmanian Philosophy do. Thus, the main question is to find a definition of Rhetoric more compatible to the approach of language structure mechanisms (modality, narrative structures, rhythm, etc.), something more wider than the arguments of logical or almost logical nature. As a theoretical result, it is shown that Rhetoric is linked, primarily, to nontransparency and opacity of speech, which leads to the association that language, in all its material structure, is not equal to reality. To put into practice the developed theoretical concept, this research presents a brief analysis of an article published in the Brazilian magazine Época, about the actions of Black Blocs during the protests in the streets of Brazil since June 2013.Keywords: Rhetoric; Discourse Analysis; Sophistry; Gorgias of Leontini; Black Blocs.
A posição dos advérbios focalizadores na hierarquia universal
Authors: Tescari Neto Aquiles 
Published: January 2017

Resumo: Apesar de sua abrangência empírica e conceitual, a hierarquia universal de Cinque (1999) não contempla posições para AdvPs focalizadores de diferentes classes (semânticas). A literatura linguística geral (QUIRK et al., 1976; RICCA, 1999; ADORNO, 2000; CESARE, 2010; entre outros) reconhece pelo menos as seguintes classes de advérbios focalizadores: (a) de exclusão (somente), (b) aditivos não escalares (também), (c) aditivos escalares (até), (d) de inclusão (inclusive) e (e) particularizadores (principalmente). Diante desse quadro, a pergunta que se faz, assumindo-se a vertente cartográfica da Teoria de Princípios e Parâmetros, é: “Qual/quais a(s) posição(posições) que essas diferentes classes (semânticas) de advérbios focalizadores ocupariam em termos de hierarquias?”. O trabalho procura responder a essa pergunta assumindo, com o Programa Cartográfico, que cada uma dessas diferentes classes teria uma posição distinta de Soldagem (merge), seguindo o princípio do “One Feature, One Head” (um traço, um núcleo) (KAYNE, 2005). Com base em testes de transitividade envolvendo dois advérbios focalizadores de cada vez, aplicados a dados do português brasileiro e do espanhol, este trabalho propõe uma hierarquia para as cinco classes de AdvPs focalizadores citados, estabelecendo também a posição de cada focalizador específico em relação aos outros advérbios da hierarquia de Cinque. Palavras-chave: advérbios focalizadores; advérbios altos; hierarquia universal; cartografia; sintaxe gerativa.Abstract: In spite of its empirical and conceptual scope, Cinque’s (1999) universal hierarchy does not include dedicated positions for focusing AdvPs of different (semantic) classes. The general Linguistics literature (QUIRK et al., 1976; RICCA, 1999; ADORNO, 2000; CESARE, 2010; among others) recognizes at least the following classes of focusing adverbs: (a) exclusive adverbs (only) (b) non-scalar additives (also), (c) scalar additives (even), (d) inclusion adverbs (including) and (e) particularizers (mainly). Given this acknowledgment, one should ask, assuming the cartographic point of view regarding the Theory of Principles and Parameters, which position(s) these different (semantic) classes of focusing adverbs would occupy in terms of functional hierarchies. The study attempts to answer this question by assuming, with the Cartography Program, that each different class of focusing adverb would have a distinct position of Merge, in accordance with the “One Feature, One Head” principle (KAYNE, 2005). Based on transitivity tests involving two focusing adverbs in the same sentence in two possible orders, applied to Brazilian Portuguese and American Spanish data, this paper proposes a hierarchy for the five classes of the mentioned focusing AdvPs, also establishing the position of each focusing adverb regarding the other adverbs in Cinque’s hierarchy.Keywords: Focusing Adverbs; High Adverbs; Universal Hierarchy; Cartography; Generative Syntax.
Usos discursivos dos parênteses em um catecismo jesuítico na língua geral da Amazônia ([175-])
Authors: Monserrat Ruth , Barros Cândida , Schmidt-Riese Roland 
Published: January 2017

Resumo: O trabalho caracteriza alguns dos usos discursivos do sinal de parêntese em um catecismo manuscrito jesuítico intitulado Doutrina Christaã em lingoa geral dos Indios do Estado do Brasil e Maranhão, composta pelo P. João Philippe Bettendorff, traduzida em lingoa g[eral] irregular e vulgar uzada nestes tempos (Biblioteca da Universidade de Coimbra, ms. 1089) [175-]. Os resultados apontam para o emprego multifuncional desse sinal de pontuação na construção de uma escrita missionária para o tupi. A forma gráfica dos parênteses no manuscrito é /: :/, principal evidência de que seu autor foi um jesuíta de língua alemã. Palavras-chave: jesuítas; catecismo; parênteses; pontuação; Língua Geral.Abstract: The study characterizes the discursive use of parentheses in a jesuitical manuscript (catechism) entitled Doutrina Christaã em lingoa geral dos Indios do Estado do Brasil e Maranhão, composta pelo P. João Philippe Bettendorff, traduzida em lingoa g[eral] irregular, e vulgar uzada nestes tempos (General Library of the University of Coimbra, MS 1089) [175-]. The results indicate the multifunctional use of these punctuation marks in the construction of a missionary script form of Tupi. The graphic form of parentheses used in the manuscript is /: :/, which provides the main evidence that the author of the manuscript was a German-speaking Jesuit.Keywords: Jesuits; Catechism; Parentheses; Punctuation; Língua Geral.
Os adjetivos qualificativos presentes nos DPs referenciais do português brasileiro
Authors: Prim Cristina de Souza 
Published: January 2017

Resumo: Buscamos apresentar uma nova forma de analisar a sintaxe e a semântica dos adjetivos que ocorrem dentro dos NP/DPs do português brasileiro. Defendemos que os adjetivos são gerados à direita do nome, em adjunção, com exceção dos exclusivamente pré-nominais, e que são os adjetivos, e não os nomes, que se movem para uma posição mais alta que o nome. A motivação do movimento parte do determinante, que, a depender de seus traços, oferece ambiente para hospedagem do adjetivo qualificativo movido. No caso dos DPs referenciais, o determinante que é específico projeta uma categoria TopP, capaz de receber o adjetivo, também específico. Caso o determinante não seja específico, não há projeção que possa receber o adjetivo qualificativo, pois TopP não é projetado nestes casos, e, por isso, o adjetivo não pode se mover. Esta proposta dá conta de explicar o comportamento dos adjetivos qualificativos nos DPs referenciais do português. Palavras-chave: movimento do adjetivo; tópico; especificidade; adjetivos qualificativos.Abstract: We sought to present a new way of analyzing the syntax and semantics of adjectives in NP/DPs of Brazilian Portuguese. We argue that adjectives are generated on the right side of the noun, as adjuncts, except the exclusively prenominal ones, and that adjectives, not nouns, move to higher positions. Regarding the referential DPs, the specific determiner projects a TopP category able to receive the adjective, which is also specific. If the determiner is not specific, there is no projection to receive the qualifying adjective because, in this case, there is not a projected TopP, and, therefore, the adjective cannot be moved. This proposal explains the behavior of qualifying adjectives in Portuguese referential DPs.Keywords: Adjective Movement; Topic; Specificity; Qualifying Adjectives.
PENENTUAN PRIORITAS SARANA PASCAPANEN JAGUNG UNTUK MENURUNKAN KEHILANGAN HASIL DENGAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)
Authors: Fitriani Deasy , Hasbullah Rokhani , Rachmat Ridwan 
Published: January 2017

Maize is one of the important sources of feed ingredients, an appropriate postharvest facilities can reduce a quantitative losses in maize postharvest handling. The objective of this study was formulating the criteria and sub criteria in having a decision making about the priorities of postharvest facility that can reduce quantitative losses.This study utilized the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and obtained data was analyzed using software Expert Choice, as a decision making program. Experts’ and potential respondents’ judgments have the inconsistency less than 10%. The most important actor under the goal is government. Furthermore, the most important criteria is the quality and the subcriteria is SNI. Dryer followed by corn sheller are the prioritized alternatives in order to
reduce postharvest quantitative losses of maize.
External ventricular drain practice variations: results from a nationwide survey
Authors: Baum Griffin R. , Hooten Kristopher G. , Lockney Dennis T. , Fargen Kyle M. , Turan Nefize , Pradilla Gustavo , Murad Gregory J. A. , Harbaugh Robert E. , Glantz Michael , _ _ 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVEWhile guidelines exist for many neurosurgical procedures, external ventricular drain (EVD) insertion has yet to be standardized. The goal of this study was to survey the neurosurgical community and determine the most frequent EVD insertion practices. The hypothesis was that there would be no standard practices identified for EVD insertion or methods to avoid EVD-associated infections.METHODSThe American Association of Neurological Surgeons membership database was queried for all eligible neurosurgeons. A 16-question, multiple-choice format survey was created and sent to 7217 recipients. The responses were collected electronically, and the descriptive results were tabulated. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test.RESULTSIn total, 1143 respondents (15.8%) completed the survey, and 705 respondents (61.6%) reported tracking EVD infections at their institution. The most common self-reported infection rate ranged from 1% to 3% (56.1% of participants), and 19.7% of respondents reported a 0% infection rate. In total, 451 respondents (42.7%) indicated that their institution utilizes a formal protocol for EVD placement. If a respondent's institution had a protocol, only 258 respondents (36.1%) always complied with the protocol. Protocol utilization for EVD insertion was significantly more frequent among residents, in academic/hybrid centers, in ICU settings, and if the institution tracked EVD-associated infection rates (p < 0.05). A self-reported 0% infection rate was significantly more commonly associated with a higher level of training (e.g., attending physicians), private center settings, a clinician performing 6 to 10 EVD insertions within the previous 12 months, and prophylactic continuous antibiotic utilization (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThis survey demonstrated heterogeneity in the practices for EVD insertion. No standard practices have been proposed or adopted by the neurosurgical community for EVD insertion or complication avoidance. These results highlight the need for the nationwide standardization of technique and complication prevention measures.
Noninfectious prevertebral soft-tissue inflammation and hematoma eliciting swelling after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Authors: Yagi Kenji , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Okazaki Toshiyuki , Irie Shinsuke , Inagaki Toru , Saito Osamu , Nagahiro Shinji , Saito Koji 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) procedures are performed to treat patients with cervical myelopathy or radiculopathy. Dysphagia is a post-ACDF complication. When it coincides with prevertebral space enlargement and inflammation, surgical site infection and pharyngoesophageal perforation must be considered. The association between dysphagia and prevertebral inflammation has not been reported. The authors investigated factors eliciting severe dysphagia and its relationship with prevertebral inflammation in patients who had undergone ACDF.

MATERIALS
The clinical data of 299 patients who underwent 307 ACDF procedures for cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy at Kushiro Kojinkai Memorial Hospital and Kushiro Neurosurgical Hospital between December 2007 and August 2014 were reviewed.

RESULTS
After 7 ACDF procedures (2.3%), 7 patients suffered severe prolonged and/or delayed dysphagia and odynophagia that prevented ingestion. In all 7 patients the prevertebral space was enlarged. In 5 (1.6%) the symptom was thought to be associated with prevertebral soft-tissue edema; in all 5 an inflammatory response, hyperthermia, and an increase in the white blood cell count and in C-reactive protein level was observed. After 2 procedures (0.7%), we noted prevertebral hematoma without an inflammatory response. None of the patients who had undergone 307 ACDF procedures manifested pharyngoesophageal perforation or surgical site infection.

CONCLUSIONS
Severe dysphagia and odynophagia are post-ACDF complications. In most instances they are attributable to prevertebral soft-tissue edema accompanied by inflammatory responses such as fever and an increase in the white blood cell count and in C-reactive protein. In other cases these anomalies are elicited by hematoma not associated with inflammation.