bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate variability and its impact on the spatial distribution of mangroves in Qatar
Authors: Pathirana Sumith , Al-Khayat Jassim A. 
Published: April 2017

Mangroves are a unique vegetation community that can adapt to harsh climatic conditions, including in areas of high temperature and high salinity levels. It is an important coastal wetland community in many countries that provide a multitude of ecosystem services. Qatar has a small mangrove community covering about 21 km2 and it is probably the only natural vegetation type found in Qatar. They are important because of their aesthetic value, as a buffer zone protecting the lowland coastal area as well as its role in storing carbons. Therefore, it is important to understand mangroves response to global climatic variability. This is particularly important as Avicennia, which is the only mangrove species found in Qatar has limited elevation range and less able to resist extreme physical and environmental changes. Species distribution models combined with GIS and Remote Sensing are some of the tools that can be used to project the potential change of mangrove vegetation communities. These spatial information technologies can be used to extract and map current distribution of mangrove vegetation while species distribution model can be used to predict the potential geographical distribution of suitable habitats and species occurrence. In the current research, MaxEnt, GIS and high resolution World View 3 satellite data were used to classify, map and predict mangrove vegetation. The preliminary findings show the potential habitats in the east and the northwest part of Qatar. This research is important as there are no current studies examining the spatial distribution of mangroves or assessing the potential impact of climate variability on mangrove communities in Qatar.
Marine microbes and climate change - a Qatari prospective
Authors: Fotedar Rashmi , Zeyara Aisha , Al Malaki Amina , Fell Jack W. , Stoeck Thorsten , Filker Sabine , Boekhout Teun , Kolecka Anna , Bukhari Sayed J. , Abdel-Moati Mohamed A. , Febbo Eric , Warren Christopher S. , Al Marri Masoud 
Published: April 2017

Overwhelming scientific evidence has emphasized that climate change is a serious global threat driven by human activity and requires a global response. The importance of marine microbial diversity and the involvement of microbes in processes such as the carbon and nitrogen cycles, production and consumption of greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide and methane has been highlighted in the past. Qatari marine environment is unique with an unusual harsh and arid climate, which influences sea salinity and temperature, thus influencing the water density and currents. Of economic importance, these waters are heavily influenced through anthropogenic use. Thus, Qatar's marine flora including the exotic phytoplankton and zooplankton species have adapted and developed a tolerance for extreme conditions. However, despite their relevance for ecosystem functioning, little is known about smaller size classes of organisms (bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi) in coastal habitats, their diversity, their distribution, biological interactions and how they cope with environmental changes. Therefore, a QNRF funded study, a first step towards an understanding and protection of the Qatari marine biosphere, established a baseline of microbial life in the waters surrounding Qatar, in order to monitor and react to the effect of global changes in these waters. Our multi-collaboration project established a comprehensive understanding of microbial biodiversity in Qatari coastal waters using the culture and metagenomic approaches. Results will be presented and the future perspectives discussed.Acknowledgement: This Research was supported by grant (NPRP-6-647-1-127) from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation) to Rashmi Fotedar, Teun Boekhout, Jack. W. Fell, and Thorsten Stoeck.
Atmospheric chemistry of (CF3)2CF-C ≡ N
Authors: Nielsen Ole J. , Andersen Mads P.S. , Kyte Mildrid , Andersen Simone T. 
Published: April 2017

FTIR/smog chamber experiments and ab initio quantum calculations were performed to investigate the atmospheric chemistry of (CF3)2CFCN, a proposed replacement compound for the industrially important sulfur hexafluoride, SF6. The present study determined k(Cl+(CF3)2CFCN) = (2.33 ± 0.87) × 10–17, k(OH + (CF3)2CFCN) = (1.45 ± 0.25) × 10− 15 and k(O3 + (CF3)2CFCN) ≤ 6 × 10− 24 cm3 molecule–1 s–1, respectively. The experiments were performed in 700 Torr of N2 or air diluent at 296 ± 1 K. The main atmospheric sink for (CF3)2CFCN was determined to be the reaction with OH radicals. In assessing the atmospheric impact of (CF3)2CFCN, an infrared spectrum was recorded, and the atmospheric lifetime, the radiative forcing, and the global warming potential (GWP) were calculated. The integrated cross section (650–1500 cm− 1) for (CF3)2CFCN is (2.22 ± 0.11) × 10− 16 cm2 molecule− 1 cm− 1 which results in a radiative efficiency of 0.217 W m− 2 ppb− 1. The 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP) for (CF3)2CFCN was calculated to be 1490. The climate impact of (CF3)2CFCN is significantly lower than that of SF6. This study provides a comprehensive description of the atmospheric fate of (CF3)2CFCN.
برامج الدراسات العليا في أقسام المكتبات والمعلومات بالجامعات الأجنبية العاملة في الدول العربية مقارنة بنظيراتها في الجامعات العربية/ تجربة الدراسة في كلية لندن الجامعية -قطر
Authors: عثمان رانيا 
Published: April 2017

تعرضت دراسات كثيرة لأهمية تخصص المكتبات والمعلومات منذ نشأته في منتصف القرن العشرين في مصر والبلدان العربية ، وكذلك كيفية تطور أقسام المكتبات والمعلومات ومواكبتها لكل التغييرات الجذرية في مجال المكتبات في ظل التطور السريع للتقنيات بصورة مذهلة وبشكل دائم ومستمر يتطلب الاهتمام بتخصص المكتبات في ظل التحديات التي يواجها المكتبيين من ظهور المستحدثات الجديدة في عالم المكتبات مثل: RDA, FRBR, وأخيرا BIBFRAME مما يتطلب اعادة تأهيل اختصاصيو المكتبات في المهارات التقنية والبرامجية لمواكبة كل ما يستحدث في المجال.كذلك تتناول الدراسة الاختلافات بين اسلوب الدراسة في الجامعات المصرية والعربية عن نظيره في الجامعات الاجنبية والتي تتمثل في اختلاف المناهج الدراسية و تنوع البرامج المقدمة في مجال المكتبات والمعلومات كذلك اعتماد هذه البرامج على التقنيات الحديثة في التدريس و كذلك في شكل واسلوب ومحتوى البرامج الدراسية نفسها، هذا ويناقش البحث ظاهرة اتجاه الكثير من الطلاب الى دراسة علم المكتبات والمعلومات في الدول الاجنبية رغم توفر اقسام المكتبات والمعلومات في البلدان العربية ويلقى البحث الضوء على الأسباب التي تدفع طلاب الدراسات العليا للحصول على درجة الماجستير والدكتوراه من الجامعات الأجنبية.تتطرق الدراسة الى العديد من الاسباب منها عدم اتاحة الفرصة لغير المتخصصين لدراسة المكتبات والمعلومات في اقسام المكتبات والمعلومات وخاصة في الجامعات المصرية واقتصارها على خريجي القسم مما يدفع العديد من العاملين في مجال المكتبات للاتجاه للدراسة بالجامعات الاجنبية او الدراسة عن بعد لعدم تقيدها بشرط الدراسة السابقة لمجال المكتبات رغم التكلفة العالية لمثل هذه الجامعات، كذلك يسعى البعض الى الحصول على شهادات معتمدة اكاديميا من جمعيات المكتبات الدولية مثل جمعية المكتبات الأمريكية او جمعية المكتبات الاسترالية او جمعية المكتبات البريطانية للمهنيين.وعلى الرغم من كل المميزات التي يمكن ان توفرها مثل هذه البرامج الا ان هناك العديد من الصعوبات والمعوقات التي تجعل من الصعب على الكثير من اختصاصي المعلومات الالتحاق بمثل هذه الجامعات لذلك سوف تتعرض الدراسة لكيفية التغلب على مثل هذه المعوقات من خلال عرض تجربة الباحث الشخصية للدراسة في برنامج الدراسات العليا (الماجستير) في كلية لندن الجامعية UCL والمناهج الدراسية التي قام بدراستها والصعوبات التي واجهها منذ بداية التقدم للالتحاق بالجامعة، هذا وقد تم اختيار تجربة جامعة UCL بقطر نظرا لأنها التجربة الوحيدة والأولى التي تمت في العالم العربي لتقديم برنامج متخصص للمكتبات والمعلومات للمهنيين وغير المهنيين معتمد دوليا من جمعية المكتبات البريطانية CILIP.
أثر الجمعية السودانية للمكتبات والمعلومات (سالي) في تحسين وتطوير الأداء الوظيفي للمكتبيين بولاية الخرطوم: دراسة تحليلية تقويمية
Authors: مصطفى محمد علي محمد 
Published: April 2017

إن مواكبة للتطور الذي لحق بالمكتبات مؤخرا ونسبة للنقلة النوعية التي يشهدها العالم اليوم في ظل ثورة المعلومات Information Revolution ، كان لابد للمكتبيين أن يجدوا حظهم من هذه التطورات التقنية من اجل تطوير المهنة وملاحقة المستحدثات الجديدة في مجال المكتبات من اجل تحقيق الأهداف التي تسعى لخدمة المجتمع بأيسر الطرق وبأسرع زمن.وحتم ذلك على الجمعيات والاتحادات المهنية أن تلعب دورا بارزا في التدريب والتنوير بكل ما هو جديد ومستحدث في مجال المكتبات والمعلومات.تهدف الدراسة إلى بيان دور الجمعية السودانية للمكتبات والمعلومات في تنمية قدرات المهنيين في المجال حتى يتمكنوا من مواكبة التطورات الآنية ، كما تهدف إلى بيان التجربة التي قامت بها الجمعية مثل عقد الندوات والمؤتمرات والدورات التدريبية ، و تهدف أيضا إلى الكشف عن رؤية المجتمع المكتبي بولاية الخرطوم من مهنيين وأساتذة عن فاعلية الأدوار التي تقوم بها الجمعية.حيث تحاول الدراسة الإجابة على بعض الأسئلة والتي من بينها: هل هنالك اثر واضح للدور الذي تقوم به الجمعية السودانية للمكتبات والمعلومات في بناء مجتمع مواكب للساحة المعلوماتية اليوم ؟ وهل هنالك رضا تام بما تقوم به الجمعية من قبل المجتمع المكتبي ؟ وما هي المنهجية او الآلية التي تتبعها الجمعية السودانية من اجل التطوير المهني للمكتبيين ؟و لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة انتهج الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وذلك لأنه يقوم على تحليل ما تم جمعة من بيانات ، وكذلك المنهج التاريخي ومنهج دراسة الحالة لدراسة واقع الجمعية السودانية دراسة تحليلية مستفيضة ومن ثم الخروج بالنتائج والتوصيات.ومن بين النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة أن للجمعية السودانية للمكتبات والمعلومات (سالي) اثر واضح في تطوير المهنيين بولاية الخرطوم من اجل التطوير المهني ، وهي حريصة على مواكبة كل ما هو جديد ومستحدث في مجال المكتبات والمعلومات على مستوى العلم.
The Role of Professional Associations and Federations in Application of Academic Accreditation Standards for LIS Programs : An Analytical Study in the light of International and Arabic Standards
Authors: ت العليمي ثرو 
Published: April 2017

The quality and academic accreditation had threw new burdens on the specialized academic programs in general, and Library and Information science especially in related to try to keep up with concepts of quality and academic accreditation and clarify the role of associations and professional federations to apply quality standards and academic accreditation for Library and Information Science programs and description and analysis of the accreditation standards for library and information science at the international and Arab level.The study concluded the following findings that the library and Information departments should reconsider its programs in light of the adoption of new standards for quality and it should configure the channels of communication between the library departments and their students for continuous communication.
AUDITORIA INDEPENDENTE: UM ESTUDO SOBRE O CONTEÚDO DOS RELATÓRIOS DAS DEMONSTRAÇÕES CONTÁBEIS DOS CLUBES DE FUTEBOL BRASILEIROS.
Authors: Silvestre Adalene Olivia , Pereira Fernando Andrade , El Khatib Ahmed Sameer 
Published: April 2017

O futebol no Brasil apresenta-se como a modalidade esportiva mais amplamente difundida, sendo um dos principais símbolos nacionais. Além do seu caráter social, gera empregos e movimenta a economia. Dada a importância e o potencial do futebol, este estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar o conteúdo dos relatórios de auditoria independente (RAI) divulgados pelos clubes de futebol listados na Série A do Campeonato Brasileiro, bem como verificar quais são os principais fatores que motivaram a emissão de RAI modificados. O enquadramento metodológico levou em consideração o estudo qualitativo e quantitativo com a utilização de pesquisa documental e auxílio de ferramentas estatísticas para análise e tratamento dos dados. A amostra reúne os RAI publicados no exercício de 2010 e 2011 de vinte e dois clubes. Os resultados revelam que do total dos clubes, dezoito apresentaram RAI modificado em cada ano. Em 2010, dezessete apresentaram modificação por ressalva e apenas um RAI adverso, enquanto que em 2011 os dezoito clubes apresentaram modificação por ressalva. Quanto a quantidade de ressalvas de cada ano, reduziu de trinta e duas em 2010 para vinte e seis em 2011, sendo que em ambos os anos as contingências e o imobilizado foram os dois principais assuntos que justificaram a emissão de ressalvas. Complementarmente, foram contrastados os dados contábeis e indicadores econômico-financeiros dos clubes que obtiveram RAI modificado com os dos clubes que obtiveram RAI não modificado, através do Teste t de Student, o que possibilitou afirmar que, na média, todos os dados contábeis e indicadores dos clubes com RAI não modificados, apresentaram melhores desempenhos do que os dados dos clubes com modificações no RAI.
Naar een verdere modernisering van het tuchtrecht
Authors: Hesemans D.J. , Huls N.J.H. 
Published: April 2017

Naar een verdere modernisering van het tuchtrecht
Het tuchtrecht heeft in de afgelopen twee decennia een aantal ontwikkelingen doorgemaakt, met name op het terrein van harmonisatie van het tuchtprocesrecht. De ambitie daarbij was telkens om een kader voor alle tuchtprocedures te scheppen bij alle wettelijk geregelde tuchtcolleges, maar die ambities zijn niet allemaal gerealiseerd. In de afzonderlijke tuchtrechtsystemen zijn in de tussentijd wel de nodige moderniseringen doorgevoerd. Die ontwikkeling lijkt nog niet ten einde. Het tuchtrecht staat dan ook nog steeds in de belangstelling en is volop in beweging. Het wordt nog steeds gezien als een waardevol middel om normen te handhaven die voor de uitoefening van specifieke beroepen gelden, en in die zin is het een bruikbaar instrument om de kwaliteit van de uitoefening van die beroepen te bevorderen. Mocht het ooit komen tot een Kaderwet tuchtprocesrecht, dan wordt in deze bijdrage een aantal elementen aangereikt en besproken, die in ieder geval aandacht behoeven. Naast de harmonisering van het wettelijk tuchtprocesrecht zijn ook andere ontwikkelingen waarneembaar. Zo worden ook buiten de gereglementeerde beroepen vaker elementen van het tuchtrecht toegepast, bijvoorbeeld ten aanzien van bankiers.
De rechter als wetgevingswaakhond
Authors: van Gestel R.A.J. 
Published: April 2017

De rechter als wetgevingswaakhond
We zien in de Verenigde Staten momenteel hoe belangrijk rechterlijke controle op de kwaliteit van wetgeving kan zijn, bijvoorbeeld bij het omstreden inreisverbod voor migranten uit ‘islamitische landen’. Gevaar daarbij is echter dat de rechter te veel in politiek vaarwater terechtkomt. Misschien dat de Amerikaanse rechter op dit punt wat kan leren van het Hof van Justitie van de EU, dat een procedurele toets heeft ontwikkeld om de ‘evidence base’ van wetten te toetsen door bijvoorbeeld te kijken in hoeverre er impact assessments zijn uitgevoerd volgens de methoden die daartoe in het wetgevingsbeleid ontwikkeld zijn. Tegelijkertijd laat de Luxemburgse jurisprudentie zien dat men er daarbij misschien toch niet altijd aan ontkomt om ook naar de kwaliteit van het onderliggende bewijs te kijken. Hier kan Luxemburg wellicht wat leren van het U.S. Supreme Court, dat regels heeft ontwikkeld met betrekking tot de vraag hoe rechters dienen om te gaan met deskundigenbewijs en wetenschappelijke gegevens.
Magnetic Graphene Oxide as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Separation and Preconcentration of Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II) from Environmental Samples
Authors: Soylak Mustafa , Acar Demet , Yilmaz Erkan , El-Khodary Sherif A , Morsy Mohamed , Ibrahim Medhat 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The separation and preconcentration of copper(II), lead(II), and cadmium(II) ions on magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) by solid-phase extraction was carried out. Quantitative recovery was obtained by adsorption of analytes on MGO at pH 6 and elution of 3 M HNO3 in 10% acetone. To optimize the presented method, the effects of various parameters—including pH, eluent conditions, and vortex time—were examined. Matrix effects were also investigated. Mean recoveries of the analytes were between 95and 105%. The proposed method was validated by applying it to certified reference materials. Addition and recovery tests were also performed. The method wasapplied to verify the analyte content of several water and food samples.
Novel polymeric micelles for insect pest control: encapsulation of essential oil monoterpenes inside a triblock copolymer shell for head lice control
Authors: Lucia Alejandro , Toloza Ariel Ceferino , Guzmán Eduardo , Ortega Francisco , Rubio Ramón G. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundEssential oil components (EOCs) are molecules with interesting application in pest control, these have been evaluated against different insect pest from more than 100 years, but their practical use is rather limited. Thus, the enhancement of their bioavailability and manageability due to their dispersion in water can open new perspective for the preparation of formulations for the control of insect pest. In this work, we studied the encapsulation of different monoterpenes in a poloxamer shell in order to prepare aqueous formulations that can be used for the development of platforms used in pest control.MethodsMicellar systems containing a 5 wt% of poloxamer 407 and 1.25 wt% of the different monoterpenes were prepared. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) experiments were carried out to characterize the dispersion of the EOCs in water. The pediculicidal activity of these micellar systems was tested on head lice using anex vivoimmersion test.ResultsThe poloxamers allowed the dispersion of EOCs in water due to their encapsulation inside the hydrophobic core of the copolymer micelles. From this study, we concluded that it is possible to make stable micellar systems containing water (>90 wt%), 1.25 wt% of different monoterpenes and a highly safe polymer (5wt% Poloxamer 407). These formulations were effective against head lice with mortality ranging from 30 to 60%, being the most effective emulsions those containing linalool, 1,8-cineole,α-terpineol, thymol, eugenol, geraniol and nonyl alcohol which lead to mortalities above 50%.DiscussionSince these systems showed good pediculicidal activity and high physicochemical stability, they could be a new route for the green fabrication of biocompatible and biosustainable insecticide formulations.
The future of planetary defense
Authors: Mainzer A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAsteroids and comets have impacted Earth in the past and will do so in the future. While the frequency of impacts is reasonably well understood on geologic timescales, it is difficult to predict the next sizeable impact on human timescales by extrapolation from population statistics alone. Fortunately, by identifying and tracking individual objects, we can make precise predictions of any potential close encounters with Earth. As more advance notice is provided, the range of possible mitigation options expands. While the chance of an impact is very small, the potential consequences can be severe, meaning that sensible risk reduction measures should be undertaken. By implementing surveys, the risk of an unforeseen impact can be greatly reduced: the first step is finding the objects. Fortunately, the worldwide community of professional and amateur astronomers has made significant progress in discovering large near‐Earth objects (NEOs). More than 95% of NEOs capable of causing global devastation (objects larger than ~1 km in diameter) have been discovered, and none of these pose an impact hazard in the near future. Infrastructure is in place to link observations and compute close approaches in real time. Interagency and international collaborations have been undertaken to strengthen cooperative efforts to plan potential mitigation and civil defense campaigns. Yet much remains to be done. Approximately 70% of NEOs larger than 140 m (large enough to cause severe regional damage) remain undiscovered. With the existing surveys, it will take decades to identify the rest. Progress can be accelerated by undertaking new surveys with improved sensitivity.
Creeping faults: Good news, bad news?
Authors: Chen Kate Huihsuan , Bürgmann Roland 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe motion of the Earth's tectonic plates drive fault slip. Some faults slip in sudden movements, releasing great amounts of energy during large earthquake ruptures, while others slip in steadier movements which release energy more slowly. The latter, known as creeping faults, are believed to be less hazardous but there is mounting evidence that they are more complex than previously thought and can also pose a significant hazard. A recent review by Harris [2017] documents the earthquake potential of creeping faults in shallow continental fault zones from worldwide data. She presents a comprehensive review of prior studies; key insights into when, where, and why fault creep takes place and under which conditions creeping faults may represent high seismic hazard and suggests some directions for future research.
Earthquake science in resilient societies
Authors: Stahl T. , Clark M. K. , Zekkos D. , Athanasopoulos‐Zekkos A. , Willis M. , Medwedeff William , Knoper Logan , Townsend Kirk , Jin Jonson 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEarthquake science is critical in reducing vulnerability to a broad range of seismic hazards. Evidence‐based studies drawing from several branches of the Earth sciences and engineering can effectively mitigate losses experienced in earthquakes. Societies that invest in this research have lower fatality rates in earthquakes and can recover more rapidly. This commentary explores the scientific pathways through which earthquake‐resilient societies are developed. We highlight recent case studies of evidence‐based decision making and how modern research is improving the way societies respond to earthquakes.
Solving water quality problems in agricultural landscapes: New approaches for these nonlinear, multiprocess, multiscale systems
Authors: Belmont Patrick , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractChanges in climate and agricultural practices are putting pressure on agroenvironmental systems all over the world. Predicting the effects of future management or conservation actions has proven exceptionally challenging in these complex landscapes. We present a perspective, gained from a decade of research and stakeholder involvement in the Minnesota River Basin, where research findings have influenced solutions and policy in directions not obvious at the outset. Our approach has focused on identifying places, times, and processes of accelerated change and developing reduced complexity predictive frameworks that can inform mitigation actions.
Geological storage of captured carbon dioxide as a large‐scale carbon mitigation option
Authors: Celia Michael A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCarbon capture and storage (CCS), involves capture of CO2 emissions from power plants and other large stationary sources and subsequent injection of the captured CO2 into deep geological formations. This is the only technology currently available that allows continued use of fossil fuels while simultaneously reducing emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere. Although the subsurface injection and subsequent migration of large amounts of CO2 involve a number of challenges, many decades of research in the earth sciences, focused on fluid movement in porous rocks, provides a strong foundation on which to analyze the system. These analyses indicate that environmental risks associated with large CO2 injections appear to be manageable.