bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Carbohydrate‐, Glutamine‐, and Antioxidant‐Enriched Oral Nutrition Supplement on Major Surgery‐Induced Insulin Resistance: A Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: van Stijn Mireille F. M. , Soeters Maarten R. , van Leeuwen Paul A. M. , Schreurs W. H. , Schoorl Margreet G. , Twisk Jos W. R. , De Bandt Jean‐Pascal , Bonnefont‐Rousselot Dominique , Cynober Luc , Ackermans Mariette T. , Serlie Mireille J. , Houdijk Alexander P. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground: Insulin resistance after surgery hampers recovery. Oxidative stress is shown to be involved in the occurrence of postoperative insulin resistance. Preoperative carbohydrate‐rich oral nutrition supplements reduce but do not prevent insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a carbohydrate‐, glutamine‐, and antioxidant‐enriched preoperative oral nutrition supplement on postoperative insulin resistance. Methods: A double‐blind randomized controlled pilot study in 18 patients with rectal cancer, who received either the supplement (S) or the placebo (P) 15, 11, and 4 hours preoperatively, was conducted. Insulin sensitivity was studied prior to surgery and on the first postoperative day using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic 2‐step clamp. Results: Hepatic insulin sensitivity (insulin‐mediated suppression of glucose production) decreased significantly after surgery in both groups, with no differences between the groups. Peripheral insulin sensitivity (glucose rate of disappearance, Rd) was significantly decreased after surgery in both groups (S: 37.2 [19.1–50.9] vs 20.6 [13.9–27.9]; P: 23.8 [15.7–35.5] vs 15.3 [12.6–19.1] µmol/kg·min) but less pronounced in the supplemented group (P = .04). The percentage decrease in glucose Rd did not differ between the groups. Adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (insulin‐mediated suppression of plasma free fatty acids) decreased to the same extent after surgery in both groups. Conclusion: Rectal cancer surgery induced profound insulin resistance, affecting glucose and fatty acid metabolism. The preoperative nutrition supplement somewhat attenuated but did not prevent postoperative peripheral insulin resistance.
Prescription Patterns and Disease Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Nursing Home and Home Care Settings: A Retrospective Analysis in Germany
Authors: Kostev Karel , Rockel Timo , Jacob Louis 
Published: May 2017

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze prescription patterns and disease control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in nursing home and home care settings in Germany. Methods: The present study is based on data from the Disease Analyzer database (QuintilesIMS). Patients with an initial diagnosis of T2DM and documented HbA1c values between January 2011 and December 2015 were included in the analysis. The index date corresponded to the last documented HbA1c value. Patients in nursing homes were matched (1:1) with patients living at home based on age, gender, and dementia diagnosis. The first outcome of the study was the share of use of several antidiabetic drugs in the two different settings. The second outcome was the mean HbA1c value and the proportion of patients with HbA1c values lower than 7% in the two different groups. Results: In this study, 4925 individuals lived in nursing homes and 4925 individuals lived at home. The mean age was 80.7 years (SD = 7.7). Prescription patterns differed significantly between nursing home and home care settings: insulin (57.9% vs 41.1%), metformin (46.6% vs 60.5%), sulfonylurea (24.9% vs 34.2%), DPP4 inhibitors (13.4% vs 19.8%), and other antihyperglycemic drugs (7.8% vs 12.1%). In contrast, mean HbA1c values (nursing home: 7.2%; home: 7.2%) and the share of patients with Hb1Ac values lower than 7% (nursing home: 49.1%; home: 50.9%) did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion: Overall, the differences in prescription patterns between nursing homes and home care were not associated with significant differences in the management of T2DM.
Prevalence and clinical impact of vitamin D deficiency on abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Mandavdhare Harshal S. , Kumar Amit , Sharma Ravi , Sachdeva Naresh , Prasad Kaushal K. , Rana Surinder S. 
Published: May 2017

Background: Vitamin D is recognised to have multiple actions, including role in immune modulation. The prevalence and impact of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in abdominal tuberculosis is unknown. Methods: We report the prevalence and clinical impact of VDD in patients with abdominal tuberculosis. The patients were divided into two groups: VDD (<20 ng/ml) or vitamin D sufficient (VDS) (⩾20 ng/ml). Groups were compared for extent (abdominal alone or extra-abdominal also) of disease and pattern of involvement (intestinal, peritoneal or both) and inflammatory response [serum C-reactive protein (CRP)]. Results: Of 63 patients, 53 had complete data (mean age: 36.3 ± 14.43, 31 males). Fourty-five (84.9%) patients had VDD and mean VD levels were 11.1 ± 10.1 ng/ml. Of 8 patients with VDS, 1 (12.5%) had extra-abdominal involvement while 13 (28.9%) with VDD had extra-abdominal involvement ( p = 0.066). The mean CRP in patients with VDD was 42.9 ± 34.9 mg/dl vis-a-vis 105.38 ± 64.8 in VDS ( p ⩽ 0.05). All seven patients with both intestinal and peritoneal involvement had VDD. Conclusion: VDD is common in abdominal tuberculosis and may be associated with more extensive involvement albeit a reduced inflammatory response.
Changing the Subject: Adrienne Rich and the Poetics of Activist Pedagogy
Authors: Savonick Danica 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article examines Adrienne Rich’s teaching materials, writings on education, and participation in the Search for Education, Elevation, and Knowledge educational opportunity program in order to argue that poetry and pedagogy were interrelated means through which Rich sought to redistribute institutional power and resources. Although Rich’s poetry and essays have been widely praised for their contributions to feminism, little attention has been paid to the way she changed her life course, moving from Columbia to City College, to participate in one of the most visionary, controversial, and challenging educational experiments in the history of twentieth-century American higher education. Teaching students who were historically excluded from higher education catalyzed a major shift in Rich’s work: a move away from teaching traditional literary history toward the poetics of everyday life, and a related move away from hierarchical models of teaching and learning to a more collective, activist pedagogy, inspired by movements for women’s liberation, anti-imperialism, and black liberation and self-determination. The literary pedagogy that emerges from these classrooms explores how lives are shaped by metaphors, comparisons, erasures, elisions, and gaps, and how the elliptical, unsaid, implied, and occluded might be deployed, instead, to build a better present.
The Talking Book in the Secondary Classroom: Reading as a Promise of Freedom in the Era of Neoliberal Education Reform
Authors: Donnelly Andrew 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article contrasts the reading pedagogy inspired by the “talking book” and the reading pedagogy described by Frederick Douglass. The talking book offers literacy as a thing to be acquired that can be traded for freedom. “Literacy as a gift” inculcates in students a view of education as a commodity in the marketplace. This promise, education as a gift of freedom, fails—it fails to speak to students today, fails to remedy racial and gendered disparities, and fails by giving students tests to pass that fail to make them think. Douglass, by contrast, sees literacy and freedom as practices, learning to read not as a gift but as theft, and education not inculcating social values but orienting students to resist social structures that would oppress them.
Critical Educators and Active Citizens: Pedagogy and Critical Praxis
Authors: Brauer Stephen 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article argues that professors of American literature should focus on a pedagogy of “wakefulness” that encourages connections between different writers and texts, between the past and the present, and especially between the classroom and the world beyond. The goal of this pedagogy is to encourage active citizenry in engaging the material conditions of the current moment. This is especially valuable at nonelite institutions, such as mine, where students are not as aware of how knowledge is contingent and contested. Ultimately, this approach privileges metacognition and transferring learning from the course to action as a citizen. This pedagogy ultimately fosters a liberal education that explicitly links private study with public concerns and that encourages students to see themselves as potential agents of change in a neoliberal state that identifies them merely as consumers or tools of production.
New Criticism and Value in Taiwanese College English
Authors: Stewart David M. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The first part of this article identifies major problems facing college English in Taiwan, including declining enrollment, reduced funding, and widespread contingent hiring, linking them to similar problems associated with the humanities crisis in the United States. The second examines selected writing on these problems in the United States, including writing on pedagogy associated with the New Criticism, which until the 1990s was the main approach to literary studies in Taiwan. The third reflects on how commentary on English in the United States might apply in the Taiwanese context, with focus on the material value of an English degree and the potential expansion of the degree beyond the isolated major.
Personal care plans and glycaemic control: the role of body mass index and physical activity
Authors: Umeh Kanayo 
Published: May 2017

Background: although body mass index (BMI) and physical activity are implicated in diabetes complications, it is unclear how these factors influence personalised care planning linked to glycaemic control. This study assessed the mediating effects of BMI and physical activity on relations between personalised care plans (PCPs) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, using population-based data. Method: Bootstrapping was used to analyse PCP, HbA1c, BMI, and physical activity data from 3894 respondents to the 2014 Health Survey for England, for whom HbA1c data were available, regardless of diabetes status. This group comprised 1812 (46.5%) males and 2082 (53.5%) females, aged 16 to 90 (mean=51.68 years, SD=17.25). Results: patients with a PCP had higher HbA1c levels compared with those without a care plan. BMI influenced this relationship among patients aged 40 to 60 years; those with a PCP and higher HbA1c also tended to have higher BMI values. Physical activity did not affect the relationship between PCPs and glycaemic control. Conclusions: BMI, but not physical activity, partly explained higher HbA1c levels in patients with a PCP. Given recent population-based evidence implicating exercise in diabetes complications, some debate is needed on the role of physical activity in personalised care planning and glycaemic control.
Five-Kilometer Time Trial Reliability of a Nonmotorized Treadmill and Comparison of Physiological and Perceptual Responses vs. a Motorized Treadmill
Authors: Waldman Hunter S. , Heatherly Alex J. , Waddell Ashton F. , Krings Ben M. , O'Neal Eric K. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Waldman, HS, Heatherly, AJ, Waddell, AF, Krings, BM, and O'Neal, EK. Five-kilometer time trial reliability of a nonmotorized treadmill and comparison of physiological and perceptual responses vs. a motorized treadmill. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1455–1461, 2018—This study examined the reliability of running performance across 3 nonmotorized treadmill (NMT) 5-km time trials (TTs) and physiological, gait, and perceptual differences at a 5-km pace for both NMT and motorized treadmills (MTs). Ten male runners experienced in road racing who had never run on an NMT completed 3 TT to establish personal best 5-km pace. In a later session, participants ran at this pace for 5 minutes on the NMT while metabolic, gait, and perceptual measures were recorded and then ran at outdoor 5-km personal best pace on an MT at 1% grade (counter-balanced crossover design). Intraclass correlation (ICC = 0.95) between the TT1 and TT2 was strong but improved between TT2 and TT3 (ICC = 0.99) with considerable reduction in variability. Nonmotorized treadmill resulted in a 24% slower pace (10.6 ± 1.5 vs. 13.9 ± 2.6 km·h−1; p < 0.001), shorter stride length (1.02 ± 0.10 vs. 1.27 ± 0.18 m; p < 0.001), and decreased cadence (175 ± 12 vs. 181 ± 13 steps per·minute; p = 0.01). However, V̇o
2, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), lactate concentration, and heart rate did not differ between modalities (NMT = 3.4 ± 0.4 L·min−1, 0.96 ± 0.04, 6.9 ± 3.7 mmol, 172 ± 10 b·min−1; MT = 3.4 ± 0.5 L·min−1, 0.96 ± 0.04, 5.7 ± 3.4 mmol, 170 ± 10 b·min−1). rate of perceived exertion (RPE) for legs, breathing, and overall did not differ between treadmill types. A familiarization session should be included for TT using NMT. Other than gait and pace characteristics similar responses were elicited by both treadmills when running at 5-km pace. However, with these considerations, NMT TT of 4-km might be more appropriate in matching MT 5-km TT duration without altering physiological responses significantly.
Die rol van en beperkings op die regbank om sosiale vrede in Suid-Afrika te bevorder
Authors: Bertelsmann Eberhard 
Published: May 2017

Judge Eberhard Bertelsmann of the North Gauteng High Court delivered the address published here as he delivered it in Afrikaans in the series of FW de Klerk lectures in Potchefstroom on 20 February 2012. He dealt with the role of and limitations on the judiciary to promote social peace in South Africa, pointing out the achievements of the courts in the establishment of the constitutional dispensation over the past decades. He however also showed that the courts are over-burdened and that court administration leaves much to be desired. Litigants and practitioners do not hesitate to abuse the system and ugly incidents of unethical conduct have marred the professions. Judges however do not take these trends lying down and measures to rectify the situation are well underway. Fair, understandable, predictable and speedy adjudication without fear, favour or prejudice continues to be the contribution of judges to the protection of the South African democracy.
Challenges confronting health care workers in government's ARV rollout: rights and responsibilities
Authors: Vawda Yousuf A , Variawa Farhana 
Published: May 2017

South Africa is renowned for having a progressive Constitution with strong protection of human rights, including protection for persons using the public health system. While significant recent discourse and jurisprudence have focused on the rights of patients, the situation and rights of providers of health care services have not been adequately ventilated. This paper attempts to foreground the position of the human resources personnel located at the centre of the roll-out of the government's ambitious programme of anti-retroviral (ARV) therapy.

The HIV/AIDS epidemic represents a major public health crisis in our country and, inasmuch as various critical policies and programmes have been devised in response, the key to a successful outcome lies in the hands of the health care professionals tasked with implementing such strategies. Often pilloried by the public, our health care workers (HCWs) face an almost Herculean task of turning the tide on the epidemic. Unless the rights of HCWs are recognised and their needs adequately addressed, the best laid plans of government will be at risk.

This contribution attempts to identify and analyse the critical challenges confronting HCWs at the coalface of the HIV/AIDS treatment programme, in particular the extent to which their own rights are under threat, and offers recommendations to remedy the situation in order to ensure the successful realisation of the ARV rollout.
Ekoinnowacje w gospodarce wodnej
Authors: Bartoszczuk Paweł 
Published: May 2017

W artykule omówiona jest definicja i podział ekoinnowacji oraz pokazany przykład ekoinnowacji w gospodarce wodnej w Polsce. Jest to pojęcie nowe i trudne do zdefiniowania, wciąż trwają dyskusje, w jakim stopniu definicja innowacji może być zastosowana do ekoinnowacji. Skutkiem proekologicznych działań jest nie tylko poprawa jakości środowiska, ale równoczesne obniżenie kosztów funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstwa. Na podstawie danych uzyskanych z badań ankietowych oceniono rodzaj wpływu różnych barier na wprowadzenie ekoinnowacji produktowych, procesowych i organizacyjnych.
Forts in Western Vidarbha
Authors: Tembhekar Nalini K. 
Published: May 2017

<div><p><em>Forts have played a prominent role in the military system of any Kingdom in Medieval Period. So the Bahmanis did much for military architecture as they had powerful enemies on all sides. Gawilgarh and Narnala are the significant forts of Bahmani Sultanate. These forts are regarded as the greatest and most abiding monuments and superior to European forts of the same period (Circa 1350-1500). Grawilgarh and Narnala in Berar are examples of engineering skill and architecture appropriate for mountain strong holds of good taste and lavish expenditure. Combined with elegant stone carving. The carving of the forts gate at Narnala and Gawilgarh are still in good preservation. </em></p></div><em> Balapur fort was a fair specimen of later Mughal architecture. The fort too was keeping in mind the town’s (Balapur) military responsibilities and position. Balapur hailed as an important military station during the times of the Mughals. Complex architecture used in the fort ensured its safety, as well as eased the discharge of missiles and other ammunition from within the fort rendering it one of the most impenetrable forts in vidarbha region. </em>
Predicting Sense of Coherence and Sense of Identity among Transgender People – Role of Perceived Social Stigma and Social Support
Authors: Anand Gopica , Agarwal Swati 
Published: May 2017

<div><p><em>Sense of coherence is a global orientation expressing a person's pervasive and enduring feeling of confidence. The term "identity" refers to the capacity for </em><em>self-reflection</em><em> </em><em>and the </em><em>awareness of self</em><em>. Stigma refers to a mark or sign of some sort that is seen as disqualifying individuals from the full social acceptance of the society. Perceived social support refers to an individual’s belief that social support is available, is generally considered positive or negative and provides what is considered needed by that individual. The present study is a quantitative study which adopts a correlational design in which perceived social support &amp; transgender identity stigma are the predictor variables, and sense of coherence and sense of identity among transgender people, are the criterion variables. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to include 120 transgender people aged between 18 – 50 years from in and around the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad. Analysis of results through stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that social support is a predictor of sense of coherence and its dimensions – manageability and comprehensibility; and sense of identity. Perceived stigma was a significant predictor of comprehensibility while enacted stigma, predicted sense of coherence and comprehensibility. The application value of the study findings are high when it comes to formulating policies to improve the status of transgender community, taking into consideration their plight and the dearth of psychological research with this marginalised group.</em></p></div>
Kienböck Disease in a Patient with Congenital Synostosis of the Lunate and the Triquetrum
Authors: Finkler Elissa S. , Light Terry R. 
Published: May 2017

Case:
We describe the case of a 40-year-old man with Minnaar type-III congenital synostosis of the lunate and the triquetrum who presented with Lichtman stage-I Kienböck disease. Surgical treatment consisted of capitate shortening with a capitate-hamate fusion.

Conclusion:
This case demonstrates the tenuous regional nature of the vascularity to the lunate, even in the setting of a complete lunotriquetral synostosis.
Characteristics of Black Medic Seed Dormancy Loss in Western Canada
Authors: Wilson Leanne C. , Braul Alden , Entz Martin H. 
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas
Self‐regenerating legumes reduce the cost of cover crop seeding.
Regeneratfion of black medic from seedbank mediated by temperature.
Extreme cold soil temperature may limit black medic regeneration.
Successful use of black medic (Medicago lupulina L.) as a self‐regenerating cover crop requires a better understanding of its seed dormancy loss in the field. A two‐stage temperature mediated process for physical seed dormancy loss has been established for black medic in temperate regions, but the temperatures required to precondition seeds for germination (Stage 1 softening) remain unclear. Black medic seeds were placed in fields (October 2003) at three western Canadian sites (Winnipeg, MB; Indian Head, SK; and Lethbridge, AB) and sampled at regular intervals from November 2003 to August 2004. Stage 1 softening (called softening) in retrieved seeds was determined by exposing seeds to a 6/15°C diurnal fluctuating temperature regime. Softening was detected after 3 to 4 mo in Winnipeg and Lethbridge, respectively, but not at Indian Head. Burying seed (2‐cm soil depth) resulted in some greater softening than seed on the soil surface, especially in winter. A population of cultivar George black medic subjected to 11 yr of no‐till farming showed similar levels of softening to the original cultivar George. Seed production location also had only minor influences on seed softening. It was speculated that the lack of seed softening at Indian Head was due to extreme soil temperature (–10 to –15°C) exposure. A controlled environment study confirmed that extreme low temperature exposure (–23°C) did indeed result in low and inconsistent seed softening compared with 5°C and –5°C temperature regimes. Information from this study will assist in management of black medic as a self‐regenerating cover crop.
The Roles and Symbolism of Mangupa in Sipirok Traditional Wedding Ceremony
Authors: Irmayanti Irmayanti 
Published: May 2017

This paper qualitatively examines the roles and symbolism of mangupa in Sipirok wedding ceremony. Results revealed that the presence of piramanuk na dihobolan ( boiling eggs), manuk (chicken), hambeng ( goat meat), and horbo (buffalo meat) in the Sipirok wedding ceremony bring a symbolic meaning for the hosts, bridegroom, their family and guests. Symbolizing of fertility, appreciation, sweet life to the bridegroom, blessing, creating strong bonding, good relationships between guests and marriage declaration are some of the significant on the present those mangupa in the Sipirok wedding. Hence, it is vital for Sipirok especially the young generation to appreciate and preserved these practices.
Uma Década das Ações Afirmativas na UEL (2004-2014)
Authors: Da Silva Maria Nilza 
Published: May 2017

As políticas de ação afirmativa implantadas há mais de dez anos em muitas universidades brasileiras continuam a desafiar o seu principal objetivo: a inclusão e a permanência de estudantes das camadas pobres e dos negros. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar alguns aspectos do sistema de cotas na UEL, após dez anos da sua implantação. Foram utilizados os dados quantitativos disponíveis nas Pró-Reitorias:de Planejamento–PROPLAN; de Graduação – PROGRAD; e da Coordenadoria de Processos Seletivos-COPS da UEL. Os resultados mostram que as cotas possibilitaram maior ingresso dos estudantes oriundos das escolas públicas,porém o número de negros ficou abaixo das expectativas, refletindo as dificuldades da efetiva inserção da população negra na educação superior. Outro problema enfrentado pela universidade é o aumento da demanda de assistência estudantil e a falta de recursos para responder e fetivamente às necessidades.