bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation for sexual and reproductive self-care in Iranian adolescent girls: a qualitative study
Authors: Alimoradi Zainab , Kariman Nourossadat , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Simbar Masoumeh 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
Adolescence is one of the most important stages in every individual’s life. Pubertal changes and acquiring reproduction capability require adolescents to perform special health care processes. Also the possibility of involvement in high-risk sexual behaviors endangers adolescent girls’ sexual and reproductive health.

Objective
Increase and deepen the understanding and knowledge of the factors affecting Iranian adolescent girls’ readiness to take care of their sexual and reproductive health.

Materials and methods
The present qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis method. The participants included 18 adolescents who were aged 13–19 years old, single, studying at high school, art school, or university and had no history of chronic medical or psychological diseases; further, most of them had the experience of menstruation. Purposive sampling was initiated and continued until data saturation. Data collection were performed using in-depth and unstructured interviews. Qualitative content analysis of the interviews was conducted simultaneously with data collection using the Graneheim and Lundman approach .MAXQDA 2010 software was used for storage, retrieval, and management of the data.

Findings
Preparation for care was the main theme that emerged in this study along with 19 subcategories and four main categories, including desirable interaction between families and adolescents, readiness for puberty and menstruation, life skills and spiritual self-monitoring.

Conclusion
The education and health care systems’ authorities of the country can exploit the results of this study for making policies and interventions expedient to the society’s cultural conditions in order to improve the reproductive and sexual self-care status of adolescents’ girls.
The pedagogical relevance of processing instruction in second language idiom acquisition
Authors: Kim Jeong-eun , Nam Hosung 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study explores the relevance and effectiveness of processing instruction in second language (L2) idiom learning by examining (1) whether structured input (SI) is more effective than non-SI, comprehension-based activities and (2) whether explicit information (EI) in addition to SI can facilitate L2 idiom learning. One hundred adult L2 English speakers were randomly assigned to one of six conditions: four groups who participated in SI activities in one of four EI conditions (i. e., no EI; EI before SI, EI during SI, or EI both before and during SI), a non-SI group, and a control group. Results from three types of tasks (translation, interpretation, and production) showed that (1) SI is more effective than comprehension-based activities in developing learners’ L2 idiom production ability and (2) EI can facilitate learners’ accurate L2 idiom translation, particularly when it is provided before the SI activities. No beneficial effect was observed from EI provided during the SI activities.
Comparing learners’ and native speakers’ use of collocations in written Spanish
Authors: García Salido Marcos , Garcia Marcos 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article compares the use of collocations in texts written by native speakers and advanced learners of Spanish. The collocations studied were first identified in the sample texts on the grounds of phraseological criteria and subsequently assigned frequency information corresponding to their occurrence in a reference corpus of Spanish. The distribution of collocations with different frequency of co-occurrence and mutual information scores in the texts of the two samples was then compared, as was their proportion in the collocation repertoire of native speakers and learners. The study revealed significant differences both in terms of frequency and mutual information.
How low can you go? A note on vowel mutation in Nuer
Authors: Faust Noam 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn Nuer, a Western Nilotic language, a productive process of vowel mutation lowers certain vowels in the plural forms of reduplicated adjectives, while others remain unaltered. Sometimes, lowering is accompanied by diphthongization. This short paper asks what determines which vowels should lower, which should also undergo diphthongization and which should remain unaltered. The phenomenon is analyzed within Element Theory in which vocalic expressions are decomposed into a head element and a dependent element. A pre-specified, Semitic-type template is proposed alongside a constraint on Head Preservation. These two tools derive the entire set of attested and unattested mutations. It is then shown that the analysis can pave the way for a better understanding of other, similar vowel mutation processes in Nuer.
Does Social Media Increase Labour Productivity?
Authors: Sarbu Miruna 
Published: May 2017

Abstract:Social media applications such as wikis, blogs or social networks are being increasingly applied in firms. These applications can be used for external communication and internal knowledge management. Firms can potentially increase their productivity by optimising customer relationship management, marketing, market research and project management. On the other hand, the use of social media might lead to shirking among employees and might be, in general, very time-consuming preventing employees from managing their normal workload. This might lead to a decrease of labour productivity. This paper analyses the relationship between social media applications and labour productivity using firm-level data of 907 German manufacturing and service firms. The analysis is based on a Cobb-Douglas production function. The results reveal that social media might be related to labour productivity in an negative way which points towards a suboptimal use of social media.
Case report. Neurosyphilis Masquerading as Stroke in an 84-year-old
Authors: Bologa Cristina , Lionte Catalina , Halit Diana , Luca Catalina 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The case of an 84 years old woman with uncharacteristic neurologic and cognitive symptoms, suspected of ischemic stroke is presented. Following an extensive assessment in the departments of neurology and internal medicine, the unusual aetiology of stroke was identified as meningovascular neurosyphilis. The patient fully recovered after antibiotic therapy. To our knowledge, this the eldest patient with tertiary neurosyphilis reported in the literature.
Microelectrode array systems for their use in single nanowire-based gas sensor platforms
Authors: Chmela Ondřej , Sadílek Jakub , Vallejos Stella , Hubálek Jaromír 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Microelectrode array systems for their use in single-nanowire-based gas sensor platforms are developed. The topology of the system is designed with the aim of determining the optimal conditions and the factors involved in the selective integration of gas sensitive semiconducting metal oxide nanowires via dielectrophoresis method. Thus various electrode geometries with electrode gaps between 2 and 10 μm and electrode tip-end shapes are investigated employing tungsten oxide nanowires synthetized via aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition. Results obtained from SEM, optical microscopy and electrical tests demonstrate that the integration and electrical contact of single nanowires across the electrodes is achieved in the systems with electrode gaps below 3 μm. These results are discussed and further improvements in the design of these systems are suggested.
Heterozygote Hemoglobin G-Coushatta as the Cause of a Falsely Decreased Hemoglobin A1C in an Ion-Exchange HPLC Method
Authors: Kurtoğlu Ayşegül Uğur , Eren Esin , Aslan Vedat , Erkal Özgür , Kurtoğlu Erdal , Yilmaz Necat 
Published: May 2017

SummaryGlycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used for the assessment of glycemic control in patients with diabetes. The presence of genetic variants of hemoglobin can profoundly affect the accuracy of HbA1c measurement. Here, we report two cases of Hemoglobin G-Coushatta (HBB:c.68A>C) variant that interferes in the measurement of HbA1c by a cation-exchange HPLC (CE-HPLC) method. HbA1c was measured by a CE-HPLC method in a Tosoh HLC-723 G7 instrument. The HbA1c levels were 2.9% and 4%. These results alerted us to a possible presence of hemoglobinopathy. In the hemoglobin variant analysis, HbA2 levels were detected as 78.3% and 40.7% by HPLC using the short program for the Biorad Variant II. HbA1c levels were measured by an immunoturbidimetric assay in a Siemens Dimension instrument. HbA1c levels were reported as 5.5% and 5.3%. DNA mutation analysis was performed to detect the abnormal hemoglobin variant. Presence of Hemoglobin G-Coushatta variant was detected in the patients. The Hb G-Coushatta variants have an impact on the determination of glycated hemoglobin levels using CEHPLC resulting in a false low value. Therefore, it is necessary to use another measurement method.
Original Article. Topical treatment of LdMNPV-infected gypsy moth caterpillars with 18 nucleotides long antisense fragment from LdMNPV IAP3 gene triggers higher levels of apoptosis in infected cells and mortality of the pest
Authors: Oberemok Volodymyr V. , Laikova Kateryna V. , Zaitsev Alexey S. , Nyadar Palmah M. , Gninenko Yuri I. , Gushchin Vladimir A. , Makarov Valentin V. , Agranovsky Alexey A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The high efficiency of baculovirus infection is partially explained by the ability of the virus to suppress host defense machinery connected with the apoptosis pathway. Members of the baculovirus gene family, inhibitors of apoptosis (vIAPs), have been shown to inhibit apoptosis in baculovirus-infected cells. Here we showed that treatment of the LdMNPV-infected 1st instar gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) caterpillars with sense (oligoBIR) and antisense (oligoRING) DNA oligonucleotides from the LdMNPV IAP3 gene induced elevated mortality of the insects. Apoptotic DNA ladder assay showed that the leading role in this phenomenon is played by the antisense oligoRING fragment of the vIAP3 gene. These results imply that the application of both antisense DNA oligonucleotides from vIAP genes and baculovirus preparations (one following the other) may be a potential method for plant protection against insect pests.
Original Article. Geographic distribution of Fusarium culmorum chemotypes associated with wheat crown rot in Iraq
Authors: Matny Oadi N. , Bates Scott T , Song Zewei 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is an important disease of wheat and other grains that has had a significant impact on cereal crop production worldwide. Fusarium species associated with FCR can also produce powerful trichothecenes mycotoxins that pose a considerable health risk to humans and animals that consume infected grains. In this study we examined Fusarium species of wheat from different regions of Iraq that showed FCR symptoms. Twenty-nine isolates were collected overall, and the marker gene translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF-1α) was sequenced in order to determine their taxonomic identities. All isolates were determined to be F. culmorum, and primers targeting tri-cluster genes were used in order to further characterize isolates into specific trichothecene chemotype strains. Five of the 29 isolates were determined to be the nivalenol (NIV) chemotype, while the rest of the isolates recovered were the deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotype. All DON-type isolates produced 3Ac-DON, while the 15Ac-DON-type was not detected. The majority of the NIV-type isolates originated from wheat growing regions in the mid-latitudes of Iraq, while the DON-type isolates were recovered from areas distributed broadly across the country. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the distribution of specific F. culmorum chemotypes from FCR diseased wheat in Iraq.
Original Article. Identification of Cercospora species in southwestern Iran
Authors: Behrooz Seyed Yousef , Salari Mohamad , Pirnia Mahdi , Sabbagh Seyed Kazem 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Cercospora species are associated with leaf spot symptoms on various host plants. In this research, nine species of the genus on some medicinal and economic crops were found in different locations in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Provinces (southwestern Iran) and examined according to morphological characteristics of stromata, conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Results showed that Cercospora species on Cichorium intybus (C. cichorii) and Nasturtium officinale (C. nasturtii) are new for the mycobiota of Iran. However, characteristics of Cercospora on Plantago lanceolata are very similar to the description of C. plantaginis, but morphologically indistinguishable from C. apii s. lat. Other species have already been reported from other parts of Iran, but are new in southwestern Iran. Furthermore, Rumex crispus and Trifolium resupinatum are new hosts for C. apii and C. zebrina in Iran, respectively.
Rapid Communication. Monitoring the occurrence of bacteria in stored cabbage heads
Authors: Eichmeier Aleš , Peňázová Eliška , Pečenka Jakub , Čechová Jana , Pokluda Robert , Tekielska Dorota , Baránek Miroslav 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Twenty-six cabbage heads stored under typical conditions in a storage hall in Moravia, Czech Republic, were tested for the presence of bacteria by the method of isolation from three different parts of the cabbage heads. Isolations were carried out from stalks, inner and superficial leaves. Two samplings were done; in November 2015 and February 2016. Bacterial cultures were sequenced in the part of 16S rRNA region; bacteria were identified according to the sequences obtained. The most prevalent bacteria were of the genus Pseudomonas. Genera: Klebsiella, Erwinia, Pantoea, Bacillus were also identified. The results provided an interesting insight into the bacterial spectrum in stored cabbage heads and their dynamics during storage. The nucleotide sequences which were found were saved in GenBank/NCBI under accession numbers KX160104-KX160145.
Original Article. Effects of loose kernel smut caused by Sporisorium cruentum onrhizomes of Sorghum halepense
Authors: Gassó Marta Monica Astiz , Lovisolo Marcelo , Perelló Analia 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The effect of loose kernel smut fungus Sporisorium cruentum on Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) was investigated in vitro and in greenhouse experiments. Smut infection induced a decrease in the dry matter of rhizomes and aerial vegetative parts of the plants evaluated. Moreover, the diseased plants showed a lower height than controls. The infection resulted in multiple smutted buds that caused small panicles infected with the fungus. In addition, changes were observed in the structural morphology of the host. Leaf tissue sections showed hyphae degrading chloroplasts and vascular bundles colonized by the fungus. Subsequently, cells collapsed and widespread necrosis was observed as a symptom of the disease. The pathogen did not colonize the gynoecium of Sorghum plants until the tassel was fully developed. The sporulation process of the fungus led to a total disintegration of anthers and tissues. When panicles were inspected before emergence, fungal hyphae were observed on floral primord. Histological sections of panicles showed fungal hyphae located in the parenchyma tissue and the nodal area. Infection occurred in the floral primordium before the tassel had fully developed and emerged from the flag leaf. Grains were replaced by sori surrounded by a thin membrane that usually was broken before or after the emergence of the panicle. The results, together with the significant decrease of the dry matter of rhizomes and seeds of S. halepense, suggest that S. cruentum could be considered as a potential biocontrol agent in the integrated management of this weed.
From Corporate Moral Agency to Corporate Moral Rights
Authors: Pasternak Avia 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Recent literature suggests that organizational entities, such as states and business corporations, can qualify as moral agents. Does it follow that, as members of our moral community, group agents are entitled to moral protections? This article explores the connection between groups’ moral agency and moral rights. I argue that corporate moral agency does not, in itself, ground a group’s claim for moral protections. Nevertheless, a group agent can be entitled to derivative moral rights protections, which attach to the group itself but are grounded in the interests of individuals, such as the group’s members. Furthermore, the agential status of a group helps to identify which rights can attach to it, given its moral agency. One such moral agency related right is a right not to be morally subverted. This right generates a duty for the group agent’s members to ensure that its decision-making process incorporates sound moral reasoning. The final part of the article applies these conclusions to recent debates on the rights of states. I argue that, as moral agents, states have a moral right not to be morally subverted. It follows that citizens have a pro tanto duty, directed at their state, not to engage in political activities that would subvert its moral powers.
Should Corporations Have A Right To Finance Political Campaigns?
Authors: Hammer Yoav 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Although on election day each vote carries equal weight, in the U.S. there is a
strong correlation between policy and the preferences of the affluent, and a
weak correlation between policy and the preferences of the middle class or the
poor. This state of affairs can result from unequal input into the democratic
process. If a democracy allows unlimited private financing of political
campaigns, then prior to elections wealthy citizens or businesses can gain
greater influence than others on the political discourse. In addition, there is
a danger that elected representatives − who wish to be re-elected
− would decide in ways that serve the interests of their big donors. In
this article, I discuss an important aspect of money’s influence on
politics, namely whether corporations should be allowed to participate in the
financing of campaigns. This issue produced intense disagreement over the last
several years, following the U.S. Supreme Court decision which held that
restrictions against corporate campaign finance are unconstitutional since a
corporation’s right to freedom of political speech is no less than a
citizen’s right to freedom of political speech. Since in my opinion the
Court’s position is seriously mistaken, I find it important to look at
the arguments the Court provides and try to refute them.
Agreement in Modern Standard Arabic constructions with cardinal numerals over ten
Authors: Michalski Marcin 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In Modern Standard Arabic constructions with cardinal numerals over ten in which the noun denoting the counted object follows the numeral, e.g. al-ḫamsūna ǧundiyyan ‘the fifty soldiers’ (as opposed to al-ǧunūdu l-ḫamsūna ‘idem’), the noun is indefinite singular. When a property of the object counted is to be expressed by means of an attribute: an adjective, participle, or a relative clause, it agrees with the noun in gender, but agreement in the three remaining categories, i.e. number, case and definiteness, may be distributed between the noun and the numeral. The present study analyzes examples of such constructions found in contemporary journalistic texts. Four agreement configurations are distinguished, out of which three were described by Classical Arabic grammarians, while one is non-classical. In some instances, due to the syncretism of declension forms, agreement in case is indeterminate. The analysis of the examples shows that apart from variation in agreement that can be observed with some types of the qualifier, the choice of a particular agreement configuration depends on phraseology and/or the lexico-syntactic properties of the qualifier: whether it is a proper adjective, a nisba adjective, a participle, or a relative clause.
A comparative study of participles, converbs and absolute constructions in Hindi and Medieval Rajasthani
Authors: Tokaj Joanna 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The PRO coindexation of converbs and participles in South Asian Languages along with Subject Identity Constraint (Subject Control) violation has been studied by Subbarao (2012) and Murthy (1994). I present the analysis of Medieval Rajasthani data focusing on two construction types - constructions consisting of converbs and participles. I compare my findings on Rajasthani with previous analyses of the Hindi language. I demonstrate that PRO coindexation in Medieval Rajasthani is more strict than in Hindi. Participles are coindexed with a subject or a direct object of the main clause while converbs are most often subject-oriented. Subject Identity Constraint (Subject Control) violation in Medieval Rajasthani (MR) occurs in constructions consisting of participles and converbs. Subject Identity Constraint may be violated in MR in sentences denoting cause and effect and time relation.
Effect of covariate misspecifications in the marginalized zero-inflated Poisson model
Authors: Iddi Samuel , Nwoko Esther O. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Count outcomes are often modelled using the Poisson regression. However, this model imposes a strict mean-variance relationship that is unappealing in many contexts. Several studies in the life sciences result in count outcomes with excessive amounts of zeros. The presence of the excess zeros introduces extra dispersion in the data which cannot be accounted for by the traditional Poisson regression. The zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) and zero-inflated negative binomial models are popular alternative. The zero-inflated models comprise two key components; a logistic part which models the zeros, and a Poisson component to handle the positive counts. Both components allow the inclusion of covariates. Civettini and Hines [3] investigated misspecification effects in the zero-inflated negative binomial regression models. Long,Preisser, Herring and Golin [10] proposed a so-called marginalized zero-inflated Poisson (MZIP) model that allows direct marginal interpretation for fixed effect estimates to overcome the often sub-population specific interpretation of the traditional zero-inflated models. In this research, the effects of misspecification of components of the MZIP regression model are investigated through a comprehensive simulation study. Two different incorrect specifications of the components of an MZIP model were considered, namely ‘Omission’ and ‘Misspecification’. Bias, standard error (precision) of estimates and mean square error (MSE) are computed while varying the sample size. Type I error rates are also evaluated for the misspecified models. Results of a Monte Carlo simulation are reported. It was observed that omissions in both parts of the models lead to biases in the estimated parameters. The intercept parameters were the most severely affected. Furthermore, in all the types of omissions, parameters in the zero-inflated part of the models were much affected compared to the Poisson part in terms of both bias and MSE. Generally, bias and MSE decrease as sample sizes increase for all parameters. It was also found that misspecification can either increase, preserve or decrease the type I error rates depending on the sample size.