bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjusting the Anisotropy of 1D Sb2Se3 Nanostructures for Highly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Wooseok , Ahn Jihoon , Oh Yunjung , Tan Jeiwan , Lee Hyungsoo , Park Jaemin , Kwon Hyeok‐Chan , Kim Juran , Jo William , Kim Joosun , Moon Jooho 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSb2Se3 has recently spurred great interest as a promising light‐absorbing material for solar energy conversion. Sb2Se3 consists of 1D covalently linked nanoribbons stacked via van der Waals forces and its properties strongly depend on the crystallographic orientation. However, strategies for adjusting the anisotropy of 1D Sb2Se3 nanostructures are rarely investigated. Here, a novel approach is presented to fabricate 1D Sb2Se3 nanostructure arrays with different aspect ratios on conductive substrates by simply spin‐coating Sb‐Se solutions with different molar ratios of thioglycolic acid and ethanolamine. A relatively small proportion of thioglycolic acid induces the growth of short Sb2Se3 nanorod arrays with preferred orientation, leading to fast carrier transport and enhanced photocurrent. After the deposition of TiO2 and Pt, an appropriately oriented Sb2Se3 nanostructure array exhibits a significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical performance; the photocurrent reaches 12.5 mA cm−2 at 0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode under air mass 1.5 global illumination.
Glass and Alchemy in Early Modern Europe: An Analytical Study of Glassware from the Oberstockstall Laboratory in Austria
Authors: Veronesi Umberto , Martinón‐Torres Marcos 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGlass distillation equipment from an early modern alchemical laboratory was analyzed for its technology of manufacture and potential origin. Chemical data show that the assemblage can be divided into sodium‐rich, colorless distillation vessels made with glass from Venice or its European imitation, and potassium‐rich dark‐brown non‐specialized forms produced within the technological tradition of forest glass typical for central and north‐western Europe. These results complete our understanding of the supply of technical apparatus at one of the best‐preserved alchemical laboratories and highlight an early awareness of the need for high‐quality instruments to guarantee the successful outcome of specialized chemical operations. This study demonstrates the potential of archaeological science to inform historical research around the practice of early chemistry and the development of modern science.
A General Strategy to Access Structural Information at Atomic Resolution in Polyglutamine Homorepeats
Authors: Urbanek Annika , Morató Anna , Allemand Frédéric , Delaforge Elise , Fournet Aurélie , Popovic Matija , Delbecq Stephane , Sibille Nathalie , Bernadó Pau 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHomorepeat (HR) proteins are involved in key biological processes and multiple pathologies, however their high‐resolution characterization has been impaired due to their homotypic nature. To overcome this problem, we have developed a strategy to isotopically label individual glutamines within HRs by combining nonsense suppression and cell‐free expression. Our method has enabled the NMR investigation of huntingtin exon1 with a 16‐residue polyglutamine (poly‐Q) tract, and the results indicate the presence of an N‐terminal α‐helix at near neutral pH that vanishes towards the end of the HR. The generality of the strategy was demonstrated by introducing a labeled glutamine into a pathological version of huntingtin with 46 glutamines. This methodology paves the way to decipher the structural and dynamic perturbations induced by HR extensions in poly‐Q‐related diseases. Our approach can be extended to other amino acids to investigate biological processes involving proteins containing low‐complexity regions (LCRs).
(NHC)NiH‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Cross‐Hydroalkenylation of Vinyl Ethers with α‐Olefins: Syntheses of 1,2‐ and 1,3‐Disubstituted Allyl Ethers
Authors: Chen Weihao , Li Yang , Chen Yang , Ho Chun‐Yu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCross‐hydroalkenylation of a vinyl ether (1) with an α‐olefin (2) was first achieved by a set of [NHC‐Ni(allyl)]BArF (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) catalysts. Both 1,2‐ and 1,3‐disubstituted allyl ethers were obtained, highly selectively, by using NHCs of different sizes. In contrast, the chemoselectivity (i.e., 1 as acceptor and 2 as donor) was controlled mostly by electronic effects through the catalyst–substrate interaction. Sterically bulkier alkenes (2) were used as preferred donors compared to smaller alkenes. This electronic effect also served as a basis for the first tail‐to‐head cross‐hydroalkenylations of 1 with either a vinyl silane or boronic ester.
The Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Bisquinolizidine Alkaloids: A Modular “Inside‐Out” Approach
Authors: Scharnagel Dagmar , Goller Jessica , Deibl Nicklas , Milius Wolfgang , Breuning Matthias 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBisquinolizidine alkaloids are characterized by a chiral bispidine core (3,7‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) to which combinations of an α,N‐fused 2‐pyridone, an endo‐ or exo‐α,N‐annulated piperidin(on)e, and an exo‐allyl substituent are attached. We developed a modular “inside‐out” approach that permits access to most members of this class. Its applicability was proven in the asymmetric synthesis of 21 natural bisquinolizidine alkaloids, among them more than ten first enantioselective total syntheses. Key steps are the first successful preparation of both enantiomers of C2‐symmetric 2,6‐dioxobispidine by desymmetrization of a 2,4,6,8‐tetraoxo precursor, the construction of the α,N‐fused 2‐pyridone by using an enamine‐bromoacrylic acid strategy, and the installation of endo‐ or, optionally, exo‐annulated piperidin(on)es.
Four‐fold Channel‐Nicked Human Ferritin Nanocages for Active Drug Loading and pH‐Responsive Drug Release
Authors: Ahn Byungjun , Lee Seong‐Gyu , Yoon Hye Ryeon , Lee Jeong Min , Oh Hyeok Jin , Kim Ho Min , Jung Yongwon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHuman ferritins are emerging platforms for non‐toxic protein‐based drug delivery, owing to their intrinsic or acquirable targeting abilities to cancer cells and hollow cage structures for drug loading. However, reliable strategies for high‐level drug encapsulation within ferritin cavities and prompt cellular drug release are still lacking. Ferritin nanocages were developed with partially opened hydrophobic channels, which provide stable routes for spontaneous and highly accumulated loading of FeII‐conjugated drugs as well as pH‐responsive rapid drug release at endoplasmic pH. Multiple cancer‐related compounds, such as doxorubicin, curcumin, and quercetin, were actively and heavily loaded onto the prepared nicked ferritin. Drugs on these minimally modified ferritins were effectively delivered inside cancer cells with high toxicity.
Thermodynamic and economic analyses of a novel coal pyrolysis–gasification–combustion staged conversion utilization polygeneration system
Authors: Zhang Rui , Chen Yifan , Lei Kai , Ye Buqing , Cao Jin , Liu Dong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCoal staged conversion utilization polygeneration systems can utilize the different constituents of coal. In this paper, a novel coal pyrolysis–gasification–combustion (CPGC) staged conversion utilization polygeneration system is proposed. Coal is first pyrolyzed to extract tar and pyrolysis gas. The tar is used to produce fuel oils via hydrogenation. The char is partially gasified to produce syngas at first, and then the residue is combusted. The pyrolysis gas and syngas are used for methanol synthesis. Process simulation of the system was implemented by Aspen Plus, and a coal pyrolysis–gasification staged conversion utilization polygeneration system and a conventional coal polygeneration system based on the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis were also simulated for comparison. Simulation results indicate that the thermal performance of the CPGC system can reach 47.73% (lower heating value), which is better than that of the other two systems. The economic performance of CPGC system is the best among the three systems if contingency is not considered but becomes worse than the coal pyrolysis–gasification system if contingency is considered.
Acrylated epoxidized soybean oil as a styrene replacement in a dicyclopentadiene‐modified unsaturated polyester resin
Authors: Wu Yili , Li Kaichang 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTNonvolatile and nonhazardous acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) was investigated as a replacement for hazardous styrene in a commercial unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin [a mixture of styrene and a dicyclopentadiene (DCPD)‐modified UPE (DCPD–UPE)]. DCPD–UPE was prepared from ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, maleic anhydride, and DCPD. Mixtures of AESO and DCPD–UPE [AESO–(DCPD–UPE) resins] were found to be homogeneous, easily pourable solutions at room temperature. The glass‐fiber‐reinforced composites from the AESO–(DCPD–UPE) resins were comparable or even superior to those from the mixture of styrene and DCPD–UPE in terms of the flexural and tensile strengths. The viscoelastic properties of the cured AESO–(DCPD–UPE) resins and the corresponding glass‐fiber‐reinforced composites were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis. The viscosities and pot lives of the AESO–(DCPD–UPE) resins as a function of the temperature were studied. The curing mechanism of the AESO–(DCPD–UPE) resins is discussed. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46212.
Cytoplasmic glutamine synthetase gene expression regulates larval development in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Yi , Wei Dong , Li Ran , Jia Hong‐Ting , Liu Yu‐Wei , Taning Clauvis Nji Tizi , Wang Jin‐Jun , Smagghe Guy 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn insects, glutamine synthetase (GS), a key enzyme in the synthesis of glutamine, has been reported to be associated with embryonic development, heat shock response, and fecundity regulation. However, little is known about the influence of GS on postembryonic development. In this study, we demonstrate that blocking the activity of GS in the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) with use of a GS‐specific inhibitor (L‐methionine S‐sulfoximine), led to a significant delay in larval development, pupal weight loss, and inhibition of pupation. We further identify cloned and characterized two GS genes (BdGS‐c and BdGS‐m) from B. dorsalis. The two GS genes identified in B. dorsalis were predicted to be located in the cytosol (BdGS‐c) and mitochondria (BdGS‐m), and homology analysis indicated that both genes were similar to homologs from other Dipterans, such as Drosophila melanogaster and Aedes aegypti. BdGS‐c was highly expressed in the larval stages, suggesting that cytosolic GS plays a predominant role in larval development. Furthermore, RNA interference experiments against BdGS‐c, to specifically decrease the expression of cytosolic GS, resulted in delay in larval development as well as pupal weight loss. This study presents the prominent role played by BdGS‐c in regulating larval development and suggests that the observed effect could have been modulated through ecdysteroid synthesis, agreeing with the reduced expression of the halloween gene spook. Also, the direct effects of BdGS‐c silencing on B. dorsalis, such as larval lethality, delayed pupation, and late emergence, can be further exploited as novel insecticide target in the context of pest management.
The Association Between HLA Genetic Susceptibility Markers and Sonographic Enthesitis in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Polachek Ari , Cook Richard , Chandran Vinod , Abji Fatima , Gladman Dafna , Eder Lihi 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveEnthesitis is an important pathophysiologic component of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). HLA genes are implicated in the pathogenesis of PsA. Little is known about the relationship between HLA genetic susceptibility markers and enthesitis in PsA patients. Our aim was to examine the association between HLA genetic susceptibility markers and sonographic enthesitis in PsA.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was conducted in patients with PsA. Sonographic enthesitis was assessed according to the Madrid Sonography Enthesitis Index scoring system. HLA genotyping was performed using sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probes. The association between 6 HLA susceptibility markers of PsA and the severity of sonographic enthesitis was assessed using multivariate regression models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and disease duration.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐five patients were included, 57.8% of whom were men. The mean ± SD age was 56.1 ± 12.7 years, and the mean ± SD PsA duration was 16.9 ± 12.3 years. In the multivariate regression model, HLA–B*27 was associated with a higher enthesitis score (β = 4.24 [95% confidence interval {95% CI} 0.02, 8.46]), and the interaction between HLA–B*27 and PsA duration was statistically significant, showing an increasing effect of HLA–B*27 with longer PsA duration (β = 4.62 [95% CI 1.38, 7.86]).ConclusionHLA–B*27 is associated with more severe sonographic enthesitis in PsA, particularly in patients with longer disease duration. This finding highlights the possible role of genetic variants in predisposing to PsA subphenotypes.
The Ratio of Blood T Follicular Regulatory Cells to T Follicular Helper Cells Marks Ectopic Lymphoid Structure Formation While Activated Follicular Helper T Cells Indicate Disease Activity in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Fonseca Valter R. , Romão Vasco C. , Agua‐Doce Ana , Santos Mara , López‐Presa Dolores , Ferreira Ana Cristina , Fonseca João Eurico , Graca Luis 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the balance of blood follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells can provide information about ectopic lymphoid neogenesis and disease activity in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS).MethodsWe prospectively recruited 56 patients clinically suspected of having SS. Sixteen of these patients subsequently fulfilled the American–European Consensus Group criteria for SS and were compared to 16 patients with non‐SS sicca syndrome. Paired blood and minor salivary gland (MSG) biopsy samples were analyzed to study Tfr cells and subsets of Tfh cells in both compartments.ResultsPatients with primary SS had normal Tfh cell counts in peripheral blood; however, activated programmed death 1–positive (PD‐1+) inducible costimulator–positive (ICOS+) Tfh cells in peripheral blood were strongly associated with disease activity assessed by the European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (r = 0.8547, P = 0.0008). Conversely, the blood Tfr cell:Tfh cell ratio indicated ectopic lymphoid structure formation in MSGs, being strongly associated with B cell, CD4+ T cell, and PD‐1+ICOS+ T cell infiltration in MSGs, and was especially increased in patients with focal sialadenitis. Further analysis showed that the blood Tfr cell:Tfh cell ratio allowed discrimination between SS patients and healthy donors with excellent accuracy and was a strong predictor of SS diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 12.96, P = 0.028) and the presence of focal sialadenitis (OR 10, P = 0.022) in patients investigated for sicca symptoms, thus highlighting the potential clinical value of this marker.ConclusionThe blood Tfr cell:Tfh cell ratio and PD‐1+ICOS+ Tfh cells constitute potential novel biomarkers for different features of primary SS. While the blood Tfr cell:Tfh cell ratio is associated with ectopic lymphoid neogenesis, activated Tfh cells indicate disease activity.
Ethylene Glycol Electrooxidation Based on Pentangle‐Like PtCu Nanocatalysts
Authors: Xu Hui , Liu Chaofan , Song Pingping , Wang Jin , Gao Fei , Zhang Yangping , Shiraishi Yukihide , Di Junwei , Du Yukou 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe research of active and stable electrocatalysts toward liquid‐fuel oxidation reaction is of great significance for the large‐scale commercialization of fuel cells. Although extensive efforts have been devoted to pursuing high‐performance nanocatalysts for fuel cells, both the high cost and sluggish reaction kinetics have been two major drawbacks that limited its commercial development. In this regard, we demonstrated a facile solvothermal method for the syntheses of an advanced class of PtCu nanocatalysts with a unique pentangle‐like shape. By combining the merits of a highly active surface area as well as the synergistic and electronic effects, the as‐prepared pentangle‐like Pt3Cu nanocatalysts showed superior electrocatalytic activity towards ethylene glycol oxidation with a mass and specific activities of 5162.6 mA mg−1 and 9.7 mA cm−2, approximately 5.0 and 5.1 times higher than the commercial Pt/C, respectively. More significantly, the Pt3Cu pentangle also showed excellent long‐term stability with less activity decay and negligible changes in structure after 500 cycles, indicating another class of anode catalysts for fuel cells and beyond.
Distinguishing the Ratio Bias from Unsystematic Error: Situation and Individual‐difference Effects
Authors: Stone Eric R. , Parker Andrew M. , Townsend Lauren D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPeople often perceive the occurrence of events to be less likely when the likelihood of the event is expressed in ratios consisting of smaller numbers versus larger numbers, an effect known as the ratio bias. This work presents a theoretical framework for the conditions that need to be met for the ratio bias to occur. In doing so, we contrast effects on the ratio bias to those on unsystematic error, which have often been confounded in previous research. We find that the ratio bias is weaker (1) when both sets of numbers are relatively large than when both sets of numbers are relatively small; (2) for scenarios involving lottery tickets than for scenarios involving drawing balls from a bin; and (3) when a physical display depicting the numbers is provided to participants. Each of these factors reduced the ratio bias without reducing unsystematic error. Additionally, we show that unsystematic error is lower among people who (1) reason on the basis of proportions rather than on the basis of the numerator and denominator individually; (2) score higher on the rational scale of the Rational–Experiential Inventory; and (3) are of higher numeracy. We use these results to distinguish causes of error generally from those on the ratio bias specifically and discuss the implications for our understanding of when the ratio bias occurs. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient scheme for purification of a novel recombinant immunotoxin, rCCK8PE38, for anti‐tumour experiments
Authors: Hu Pan , Zhang Song , Lu Shi‐ying , Li Meng , Chang Jiang , Wang Meng‐yun , Li Chang , Zhao Ke , Guan Yu‐Ting , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Li Yan‐Song , Zhou Yu , Liu Zeng‐Shan , Bai Ou , Ren Hong‐Lin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractrCCK8PE38 is a novel immunotoxin that targets choleystokinin B receptor, which is over‐expressed in some tumor tissues. Although we constructed a prokaryotic expression vector to express rCCK8PE38 in our laboratory, thorough purification was necessary to quantitatively assess its anti‐tumor effect. In this study, we established a purification protocol to obtain rCCK8PE38 with high purity from E. coli. Three different types of chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, ion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography, were used in combination. The purification technological parameters of each chromatography type were optimized. The whole process of purification was arranged to minimize the purification steps and achieve purity and bioactivity. Finally, through this optimized scheme, we obtained a recombinant protein with a purity of >95%; then, the protein was stored at −80°C after lyophilization. The purified protein was used in a tumor inhibition experiment and was effective in killing tumor cells that over‐expressed choleystokinin B receptor. The results of this study may provide some valuable information about protein purification and lay the foundation for further clinical experiments with rCCK8PE38.
DLGAP1 andNMDAreceptor‐associated postsynaptic density protein genes influence executive function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Fan Zili , Qian Ying , Lu Qing , Wang Yufeng , Chang Suhua , Yang Li 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the association ofDLGAP1 gene with executive function (EF) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children.MethodA total of 763ADHDchildren and 140 healthy controls were enrolled. The difference ofEFbetweenADHDand controls was analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), withIQ, sex, and age as covariates. Both the associations ofSNPs withEFand three symptom traits ofADHDwere conducted using an additive linear regression model byPLINKwith the same covariates asANCOVA.ResultsCompared with controls, children withADHDshowed poorer cognitive flexibility and inhibition. TwoSNPs (rs2049161,p‐value = 5.08e‐7, adjustedp‐value = 1.63e‐4, rs16946051,p‐value = 5.18e‐7, adjustedp‐value = 1.66e‐4) survived multiple tests in Trail Making Test. BothSNPs also showed association withTOH(rs2049161,p = 6.82e‐4, rs16946051,p = 7.91e‐4). Set‐based analysis for geneDLGAP1 and its functional pathwayDLGAP1‐DLG4‐NMDAshowed they were associated with cognitive flexibility at both gene (p = .0057) and pathway level (p = .0321). Furthermore, the gene and pathway also showed association withADHDsymptom score. The associatedSNPs and theirLDproxies were related to the expression ofDLGAP1 in medulla and frontal cortex.ConclusionChildren withADHDshowed deficit inEF, especially, cognitive flexibility and inhibition.DLGAP1 was associated with cognitive flexibility and plan, and the role ofDLGAP1 might be implemented through the complex ofDLGAP1‐DLG4‐NMDA.
Parallel SPH fluid control with dynamic details
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyong , Liu Shiguang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractReal‐time fluid control is indispensable in computer animation, games, virtual reality, etc. In the field of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) fluid control, the strategy of control force is often employed to control fluid particles; however, the artificial viscosity introduced by the control force would frequently lead to the loss of fine‐scale details. Although the introduction of the low‐pass filter can add back details, it may easily destroy the control target, and the control force method itself cannot make SPH fluid follow the fast‐moving control target. Meanwhile, this type of method is computation intensive and time consuming. To remedy the above problems, this paper proposed a novel, interactive SPH fluid control framework with turbulent details. We run SPH fluid simulation on Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) and greatly improve the efficiency of fluid control. The control particle with curvature framework was adapted in this paper. We specially designed spring forces to make the fluid match a fast‐moving control target. Moreover, fine fluid details were preserved separately by calculating the fluid turbulence under control and the free fluid turbulence. This improved SPH fluid control can run in real time, which can enhance the visual quality of fluid animation as well. Our novel method can be applied in fluid animation with special control effects to guide fluid to form a target shape while greatly preserving the dynamic details of fluid. Various experiment results demonstrated the ability of our novel method.