bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Produksi dan Mutu Benih Botani Bawang Merah
Authors: Palupi Endah Retno , Rosliani Rini , Hilman Yusdar 
Published: September 2016

Penggunaan <em>true shallot seed</em> (TSS) sebagai bahan tanam dapat meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman sampai 100% dibandingkan dengan penggunaan umbi dan tidak membawa atau menekan penyakit tular benih daripada umbi bibit. Ketersediaan TSS di pasar yang masih rendah dan teknologi pembibitan yang belum dikuasai oleh petani bawang merah menyebabkan penggunaan TSS sebagai bahan tanam masih rendah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk (1) mempelajari sistem perkawinan pada bawang merah dan (2) mempelajari peran serangga penyerbuk dalam meningkatkan produksi dan mutu TSS. Penelitian dilaksanakan di dataran tinggi (Kebun Percobaan Balitsa Lembang, 1.250 m dpl.) dan di dataran rendah (Kebun Percobaan Balitsa Subang, 100 m dpl.) dari bulan Maret–Agustus 2012. Penelitian terdiri atas dua percobaan yang dilaksanakan secara paralel menggunakan bawang merah varietas Bima Brebes. Percobaan pertama disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor. Perlakuannya adalah sistem perkawinan yang dipelajari dengan melakukan penyerbukan silang dan penyerbukan sendiri. Percobaan kedua disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dengan satu faktor. Perlakuannya adalah percobaan penyerbukan dengan bantuan serangga penyerbuk <em>Apis mellifera</em>, <em>A. cerana</em>, dan <em>Trigona</em> sp. (Apidae), serta lalat hijau <em>Lucilia</em> sp. (Calliphoridae) masing-masing ke pertanaman yang dikerodong, dan sebagai kontrol digunakan penyerbukan terbuka. Hasil penelitian pertama menunjukkan bahwa bawang merah merupakan tanaman yang <em>partly self-incompatible</em> di mana penyerbukan sendiri dapat menghasilkan benih tetapi jumlah benih yang dihasilkan lebih rendah daripada penyerbukan silang. Mutu benih yang dihasilkan dari penyerbukan silang tidak berbeda dari penyerbukan sendiri, akan tetapi mutu benih dari dataran rendah lebih baik daripada dari dataran tinggi. Hasil penelitian kedua menunjukkan bahwa introduksi <em>A. cerana</em> menghasilkan persentase kapsul bernas dan bobot TSS per umbel paling tinggi (70,7–74% dan 0,45–0,49 g) dan <em>Trigona</em> sp. yang paling rendah (20–27,7% dan 0,08–0,16 g) baik di dataran tinggi maupun dataran rendah. Produksi TSS di dataran tinggi lebih tinggi daripada di dataran rendah karena jumlah umbel per tanaman dan jumlah bunga per umbel yang lebih tinggi, sementara mutu benih dari dataran rendah lebih baik daripada dataran tinggi yang ditunjukkan oleh bobot 100 butir dan daya berkecambah TSS. Implikasi penelitian ini bahwa introduksi lebah madu lokal <em>A. cerana</em> sangat membantu dalam memproduksi benih TSS di dataran tinggi dan dataran rendah.
Perlakuan Air Panas dan Pengaturan Suhu Simpan untuk Mempertahankan Kualitas Buah Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Gedong
Authors: Ilmi Nadhirah Karimatul , Poerwanto Roedhy , Sutrisno Sutrisno 
Published: September 2016

Penanganan pascapanen yang kurang tepat mengakibatkan kualitas buah mangga rendah dan kehilangan hasil. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian perlakuan pascapanen berupa perlakuan panas dan suhu penyimpanan pada buah mangga Gedong. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan perlakuan yang dapat mempertahankan kualitas pascapanen buah mangga Gedong. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2013 di Laboratorium Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan pola split plot terdiri atas dua faktor yaitu suhu pencucian (60±1°C, 53±1 °C, suhu air normal) dan suhu penyimpanan (suhu 18,1±1°C, 16,1±1°C, suhu ruang). Pencucian dengan suhu 53±1°C dapat digunakan untuk membersihkan buah. Perlakuan yang dapat menghambat perubahan susut bobot, kekerasan buah, kandungan asam (asam tertitrasi total), dan padatan terlarut total adalah penyimpanan pada suhu rendah (16,1±1°C dan 18,1±1°C). Perlakuan yang memberikan penampilan yang baik, dapat menekan perkembangan penyakit antraknos, dan menghambat perubahan warna buah adalah kombinasi perlakuan suhu pencucian 53±1°C dengan suhu simpan 16,1±1°C.
Evaluasi Daya Saing Komoditas Kentang di Sentra Produksi Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Kiloes Adhitya Marendra , Sayekti Apri Laila , Anwarudin Syah Muhammad Jawal 
Published: September 2016

Untuk mengembangkan agribisnis kentang dalam negeri yang mempunyai daya saing tinggi sehingga dapat mengurangi ketergantungan impor, diperlukan adanya dukungan kebijakan dari pemerintah dengan melakukan promosi dan penyampaian informasi yang relevan kepada para pelaku usaha. Kecamatan Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung merupakan salah satu sentra produksi kentang di Indonesia. Daerah ini mampu memasok kentang hingga ke pasar ekspor sehingga memegang peranan penting bagi daya saing kentang Indonesia di pasar global. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi daya saing kentang di sentra produksi tersebut. Penelitian bersifat eksploratif dengan menggunakan data primer berupa data usahatani serta input dan output produksi kentang sentra produksi Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung. Data sekunder dikumpulkan dari BPS, Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Bandung, Direktorat Jenderal Hortikultura, dan literatur-literatur lain yang menunjang. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan <em>policy analysis matrix</em> (PAM). Dari hasil analisis diperoleh hasil bahwa pada skala usaha rerata per hektar biaya produksi kentang di Pangalengan sebesar Rp50.876.255,00 pada harga privat dan Rp48.270.838,00 pada harga sosial. Keuntungan yang dihasilkan sebesar Rp34.353.294,00 pada harga privat dan Rp18.948.129,00 pada harga sosial. Usahatani kentang di Pangalengan sangat layak untuk diusahakan dengan nilai R/C ratio sebesar 1,68 pada harga privat dan 1,39 pada harga sosial. Usahatani kentang di Pangalengan masih mempunyai keunggulan komparatif dengan nilai DRCR sebesar 0,36 dan kompetitif dengan nilai PCR 0,24. Usahatani kentang tidak lagi memiliki keunggulan kompetitif apabila harga output turun hingga 41% atau harga input naik 87%.
PERSEPSI SISWA MENGENAI SARANA DAN PRASARANA PERPUSTAKAAN SMK-PP NEGERI KUPANG
Authors: Widaryono Widaryono 
Published: September 2016

Pengkajian bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi siswa mengenai sarana dan prasarana perpustakaan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Pertanian Pembangunan (SMK-PP) Negeri Kupang sebagai salah satu sarana dalam memperoleh informasi yang mendukung tujuan pembelajaran. Pengkajian menggunakan metode survei. Responden pengkajian adalah 152 siswa yang ditetapkan dengan menggunakan accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Variabel yang dikaji adalah persepsi siswa terhadap sarana dan prasarana perpustakaan yang mencakup gedung, ruang, kuantitas dan kualitas perlengkapan dan perabot, penataan, dan keserasian warna. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa siswa menyatakan gedung perpustakaan luas (58,6%), letak perpustakaan strategis (48,0%), ruang perpustakaan nyaman (52,9%), dan suhu ruangan sejuk (46,6%). Jumlah perlengkapan dan perabot memadai (53,3%) dan tidak banyak yang rusak. Kualitas sarana dan prasarana perpustakaan juga baik (55,9%). Penataan perlengkapan dan perabot serta warnanya serasi. Responden menyarankan perlunya peningkatan sarana dan prasarana perpustakaan secara berkelanjutan agar pemustaka merasa nyaman berada di perpustakaan.
ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF A COMBINED ACTIVE FILTER OF A SEQUENTIAL TYPE WITH SELECTIVE LINKS FOR DIRECT CURRENT TRACTION SUBSTATION
Authors: Shcherbak Ya. V. , Semenenko Yu. A. 
Published: September 2016

The results of the studies of the combined active filter of a sequential type with a continuous control system for direct current traction substation traction are presented. In the structure under consideration the aperiodic passive LC-filter operates in conjunction with the active one, the operation principle of the latter is being based on the formation of the channel feedback system of automatic voltage regulation of compensation of the variable component of the output voltage of the substation. The structure of a control system of a combined active filter of the series type has been proposed, which specific feature is the use of two parallel running circuits of feedback. The first one generates a signal for compensation of the variable component in a wide range of frequencies. The second one is built with the use of selective links that are configured to low frequency, including the non-canonical harmonic voltage with large amplitude. As a result of analytical studies the expression of the transfer function of the control system of the active filter of the series type with selective link has been obtained. The logarithmic amplitude-frequency characteristics of the combined active filter with and without selective link that had been determined clearly demonstrated the higher efficiency of suppression of the non-canonical harmonics in the second case. In order to confirm the reliability of the analytical results of the control system of the active filter a simulation model in MatLab has been developed. The analysis of the combined active filter of the series type with selective links demonstrated that its use is expedient for quality improvement of the supply the electric rolling stock with direct current energy, also achieving the desired level of electromagnetic compatibility of traction network with systems of railway automatics and communications.
INFLUENCE OF THE TIME OF DISINHIBITION TO TRANSIENTS AND WEAR OF THE FRICTION LININGS IN AN ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
Authors: Solencov V. V. , Brel V. V. 
Published: September 2016

Time and the stopping distance of the electric drive with frequent starting-and-braking modes that contain embedded asynchronous motor with a recessed combined braking device depend on the moment of an electromagnet disinhibition. At the same time other important criteria are taken into the account, i.e. wear resistance of the brake device and the smoothness of the deceleration of the electric drive. In general such an asynchronous motor contains asynchronous engine with squirrel-cage rotor, electromechanical normally-closed brake, electromagnetical slip clutch and control circuit. The mechanical characteristics of the deceleration of asynchronous motor with recessed combined brake device at different moments of an electromagnet disinhibition are presented. The mathematical model is featured and the transients in such a motor are presented. Formation models for computer research were carried out in the Fortran 2008 programming language. Calculation of the system of differential equations was fulfilled by the Runge – Kutta method. The deceleration of the electromechanical brake at various speeds caused different time values and stopping distances. The plots of stopping distance and the braking time at various moments of an electromagnet disinhibition are demonstrated. The optimum moment of switching on an electromechanical brake, providing small stopping distance and the braking time is the time when the speed wвкл = 0,6–0,8 of the nominal. In this case the acceptable number of brake applications for friction linings (compared with mechanical braking) will increase by 1.6–2.8 times. The pilot study confirmed the validity of the obtained mathematical models and discovered patterns.
A Single Supplementary Irrigation Can Boost Chickpea Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Arid and Semiarid Conditions: A Modeling Study
Authors: Amiri Seyed Reza , Deihimfard Reza , Soltani Afshin 
Published: September 2016

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an agronomically important legume in Iran that is grown predominantly as a rainfed crop due to severely limited supplies of water suitable for irrigation. Long‐term daily weather data for the period of 1982 to 2012, were collected for 12 locations in Khorasan‐Razavi province in northeastern Iran with a cold semiarid and arid climate. A crop simulation model was used to investigate the effect of a single irrigation (at flowering or pod‐filling stage) under a range of sowing dates on the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of chickpea. The results showed that supplementary irrigation substantially increased grain yield at all the locations. Across all locations and sowing dates, supplementary irrigation increased modeled grain yield 41 to 139% for irrigation at flowering stage (R1), and 13 to 66% for irrigation at the pod‐filling stage (R3). Supplementary irrigation also increased WUE as 12 to 121% at R1. Delaying sowing until late April, as compared to early to mid‐February, resulted in a 51% reduction in modeled yield. Averaged across locations and irrigation regimes, earlier sowing increased WUE over late sowing (4.9 vs. 3.4 kg ha−1 mm−1). It was concluded that early sowing (early and mid‐February) combined with a single irrigation applied at anthesis would, over the course of several years, improve average productivity and WUE of rainfed chickpea by 65 and 51%, respectively.Core Ideas

SSM‐legume model can be used for evaluation of production limitation efficiently.
Early sowing enabled chickpea to better exploit rainfall during crop season.
One single supplementary irrigation substantially increased grain yield.
Early sowing with one‐time irrigation applied at flowering hugely improve water use efficiency.
Nutrient Dynamics in Soil Solution and Wheat Response after Biomass Ash Amendments
Authors: Mercl Filip , Tejnecký Václav , Száková Jiřina , Tlustoš Pavel 
Published: September 2016

Among the possible methods for biomass ash (BA) utilization, land application represents an important nutrient‐saving approach of BA management. The land application of BA results in an increase of soil pH, but in contrast to conventional liming, ash application on agricultural land can supply additional nutrients to soil, such as K, Mg, or P. However, due to the complex mineral phase composition of ashes, release of nutrients from the ash matrix into soil solution is not well understood. In the presented pot experiment, two agricultural soils were amended using two common types of BA (wood and straw ash) at rate 1% (w/w). During the vegetation period of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), soil solution was sampled and monitored for the concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, and P. Subsequently, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat were determined. The effect of ash application on the investigated parameters differed substantially between the tested soils. Positive yield responses were found in soil with higher N content. Straw ash application increased concentrations of all monitored nutrients in soil solution but simultaneously increased plant uptake of K and P only. Wood ash increased concentrations of Ca and Mg in solution, while its effect on nutrient uptake strongly differed between soils. Generally, higher relative increases of nutrients in soil solution were surprisingly found in soil with higher pH and higher cation exchange capacity (CEC). Factors influencing dynamics of ash‐contained nutrients in soil solution are discussed.

Nutrient leaching from straw and wood ash matrix in soil‐plant conditions is investigated.
The influence of ashes on yield and nutrient uptake differed substantially depending on types of ash and soil.
Highly soluble K‐compounds in straw ash revealed by X‐ray powder diffraction.
Straw ash is a much more efficient P source than wood ash.
Effects of Feeding Encapsulated Nitrate to Beef Cattle on Ammonia and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Their Manure in a Short‐Term Manure Storage System
Authors: Lee Chanhee , Araujo Rafael C. , Koenig Karen M. , Hile Michael L. , Fabian‐Wheeler Eileen E. , Beauchemin Karen A. 
Published: September 2016

A study was conducted to investigate effects of feeding encapsulated nitrate (EN) to beef cattle on ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas emissions from their manure. Eight beef heifers were randomly assigned to diets containing 0 (control), 1, 2, or 3% EN (55% forage dry matter; EN replaced encapsulated urea in the control diet and therefore all diets were iso‐nitrogenous) in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Urine and feces collected from individual animals were reconstituted into manure and incubated over 156 h using a steady‐state flux chamber system to monitor NH3, methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Urinary, fecal, and manure nitrate (NO3−)–N concentration linearly increased (P < 0.001) with feeding EN, and urinary urea concentration tended to be lower (P = 0.078) for EN versus Control. The hourly emissions of NH3, CO2, and N2O (mg head−1 h−1) were not affected, although NH3 emission rates tended to be lower (P = 0.070) for EN compared with Control at 0 to 12 h. Cumulative NH3, CO2, and N2O emissions over 156 h were not affected, but CH4 emissions were less (4.5 vs. 7.4 g head−1; P = 0.027) for EN compared with Control. In conclusion, although NH3 emissions were initially lower for EN manures, total NH3 emitted over 156 h was not affected. Dietary EN lowered CH4 emissions from manure, and, despite greater NO3− concentrations in EN manure, N2O emissions were not affected in this short‐term incubation.Core Ideas
Feeding encapsulated nitrate to beef heifers increased nitrate excretion by cattle.
Methane from manure decreased up to 45% by feeding encapsulated nitrate.
Ammonia, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide emissions from manure were not altered.
Assessment of Carbon Stocks in the Topsoil Using Random Forest and Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Kim Jongsung , Grunwald Sabine 
Published: September 2016

Wetland soils are able to exhibit both consumption and production of greenhouse gases, and they play an important role in the regulation of the global carbon (C) cycle. Still, it is challenging to accurately evaluate the actual amount of C stored in wetlands. The incorporation of remote sensing data into digital soil models has great potential to assess C stocks in wetland soils. Our objectives were (i) to develop C stock prediction models utilizing remote sensing images and environmental ancillary data, (ii) to identify the prime environmental predictor variables that explain the spatial distribution of soil C, and (iii) to assess the amount of C stored in the top 20‐cm soils of a prominent nutrient‐enriched wetland. We collected a total of 108 soil cores at two soil depths (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) in the Water Conservation Area 2A, FL. We developed random forest models to predict soil C stocks using field observation data, environmental ancillary data, and spectral data derived from remote sensing images, including Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (spatial resolution: 10 m), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (30 m), and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (250 m). The random forest models showed high performance to predict C stocks, and variable importance revealed that hydrology was the major environmental factor explaining the spatial distribution of soil C stocks in Water Conservation Area 2A. Our results showed that this area stores about 4.2 Tg (4.2 Mt) of C in the top 20‐cm soils.Core Ideas
Remote sensing‐supported models produced excellent predictions in a carbon‐rich system.
Finer spatial resolution images did not produce more accurate soil carbon predictions.
Vegetation indices (SPOT, Landsat ETM+, and MODIS) served as major predictors in soil carbon models.
Sorption of Pharmaceuticals, Heavy Metals, and Herbicides to Biochar in the Presence of Biosolids
Authors: Bair Daniel A. , Mukome Fungai N. D. , Popova Inna E. , Ogunyoku Temitope A. , Jefferson Allie , Wang Daoyuan , Hafner Sarah C. , Young Thomas M. , Parikh Sanjai J. 
Published: September 2016

Agricultural practices are increasingly incorporating recycled waste materials, such as biosolids, to provide plant nutrients and enhance soil functions. Although biosolids provide benefits to soil, municipal wastewater treatment plants receive pharmaceuticals and heavy metals that can accumulate in biosolids, and land application of biosolids can transfer these contaminants to the soil. Environmental exposure of these contaminants may adversely affect wildlife, disrupt microbial communities, detrimentally affect human health through long‐term exposure, and cause the proliferation of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. This study considers the use of biochar co‐amendments as sorbents for contaminants from biosolids. The sorption of pharmaceuticals (ciprofloxacin, triclocarban, triclosan), and heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb) to biochars and biochar–biosolids–soil mixtures was examined. Phenylurea herbicide (monuron, diuron, linuron) sorption was also studied to determine the potential effect of biochar on soil‐applied herbicides. A softwood (SW) biochar (510°C) and a walnut shell (WN) biochar (900°C) were used as contrasting biochars to highlight potential differences in biochar reactivity. Kaolinite and activated carbon served as mineral and organic controls. Greater sorption for almost all contaminants was observed with WN biochar over SW biochar. The addition of biosolids decreased sorption of herbicides to SW biochar, whereas there was no observable change with WN biochar. The WN biochar showed potential for reducing agrochemical and contaminant transport but may inhibit the efficacy of soil‐applied herbicides. This study provides support for minimizing contaminant mobility from biosolids using biochar as a co‐amendment and highlights the importance of tailoring biochars for specific characteristics through feedstock selection and pyrolysis–gasification conditions.Core Ideas
Common contaminants in biosolids demonstrate high sorption to selected biochars.
Biochar has potential to decrease the efficacy of applied systemic herbicides.
Biochar co‐amendments may decrease contaminant bioavailability and transport.
Biochar co‐amendments should be selected for specific physiochemical characteristics.
Heat Transfer in Unsaturated Soil with Application to Borehole Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Moradi Ali , Smits Kathleen M. , Lu Ning , McCartney John S. 
Published: September 2016

Core IdeasWe validated a multiphase flow model for simulating heat transfer in an SBTES system.Convective/conductive heat transfer ratio was higher in the middle of heat storage domain.About 10% of the total heat transfer was in the form of latent heat.An asymmetric heat injection scheme can be useful to increase latent heat transfer.A constant effective thermal conductivity in the model can introduce significant errors.In this study, we numerically and experimentally evaluated heat transfer in soils under unsaturated conditions in the context of simulating a laboratory‐scale, three‐dimensional soil‐borehole thermal energy storage (SBTES) system. Most previous studies assumed that soil thermal and hydraulic properties are constant and that heat transfer in soil occurs only in the form of conduction, neglecting convective and latent heat transfer. In addition, there is a lack of data from controlled experiments to validate multiphase numerical models that can be used to better study SBTES systems installed in the vadose zone. The goal of this study was to evaluate the significance and impact of variable soil thermal and hydraulic properties, as well as different heat transfer mechanisms, in unsaturated soils. Four laboratory experiments were performed using a three‐dimensional laboratory‐scale SBTES system, incorporating sensors to collect soil temperature and moisture data at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Experimental data were then used to validate a numerical model that solves for water and vapor flow and considers nonequilibrium phase change. Results revealed that for the test conditions studied, convective heat transfer was higher than conductive heat transfer in the middle of the borehole array. Moreover, for the experiments on unsaturated sand, about 10% of the total heat transfer was in the form of latent heat. Simulation results demonstrated the importance of including both convection and latent heat in SBTES system modeling. Results also revealed a need for using saturation‐dependent effective thermal conductivity in modeling SBTES systems in unsaturated soils rather than using constant values such as those obtained from system thermal response tests.