bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeing ‘Reds’ in Colombia: Reconsidering the ‘Bogotazo’, 1948
Authors: Trapani James 
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2016v23n36p352The Latin American Cold War theatre was distinct from the global struggle between American capitalism and Soviet communism. The Soviet Union had very little infuence on the region prior to Fidel Castro’s 1960 declaration of Marxism-Leninism. Despite this, a plethora of social struggles spanning virtually every Latin American republic have been broadly grouped together – defned by this Latin American ‘Cold War’. This paper seeks to determine the origins of this paradoxical defnition. It will argue that the convenient alignment of national and international crises was utilized by US Secretary of State George C Marshall in April 1948. The establishment of the Organization of American States sought to realize the political alignment of the hemisphere against ‘Communism’, both Soviet and internal. This confounded many Latin American leaders as communism, while evident, did not pose any legitimate threat to their nations or the region. Hence, Marshall’s sale of an anti-communist declaration, which would decrease the sovereignty of individual states, was made quite diffcult during initial negotiations. Conveniently, On April 9 Colombia was brought to the brink of Civil War following the assassination of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán. The US State Department knew that the ensuing Colombian Bogotazo was not related to the global Cold War. They had intelligence on the populist liberal Gaitán and the violent response to his assassination. Nevertheless, the opportunity to internationalize the crisis was seized by Marshall. In doing so, the Latin American Cold War emerged with devastating national and regional consequences.
O ACESSO DOS POVOS INDÍGENAS AO SISTEMA EDUCACIONAL BRASILEIRO: UMA POLÍTICA DE INCLUSÃO AINDA INCONCLUSA - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v39i2.37031
Authors: Wenczenovicz Thaís Janaina , Steimentz Wilson 
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a evolução e o processo de inserção das comunidades indígenas na História do Brasil Contemporâneo no sistema de Ensino Superior. Também aborda elementos da evolução histórica da Educação Indígena no Brasil e seus desdobramentos institucionais e pedagógicos do Ensino Superior com base em dados do Ministério da Educação. O procedimento metodológico utilizado é o analítico-interpretativo de investigação e análise da legislação concernente a temática como: Decretos, LDB’en, Plano Nacional de Educação, Regimento da Connei, Resoluções, entre outras. ABSTRACT:This study aims to analyze the evolution and the process of insertion of indigenous communities in the History of Brazil Contemporary in the system of Higher Education Area. It also addresses elements of the historical development of indigenous education in Brazil based on data from the Ministry of Education. The methodological procedure used is analytical-interpretive research and analysis of the legislation concerning the subject as: Ordinance, LDB’en, National Education Plan, CONNEI’s Regiment, Resolutions and other.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE O NOVO CONSTITUCIONALISMO LATINO-AMERICANO - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v39i2.29249
Authors: Corrêa Souza de Oliveira Fábio 
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:Este trabalho apresenta algumas reflexões sobre o novo constitucionalismo latino-americano por meio de algumas questões centrais, enfatizando aspecto que muitas vezes passa sem a merecida atenção, apesar da sua centralidade, a incorporação constitucional dos direitos da natureza e a possibilidade de perceber a normatização de direitos dos animais. ABSTRACT:This study proposes some reflections about The New Latin American Constitutionalism by some central questions, emphasizing aspect that often goes without the deserved attention, despite its centrality, the constitutional incorporation of rights of nature and the ability to realize the standardization of animal rights.
A IRREFLEXÃO E A BANALIDADE DO MAL, DO PENSAMENTO DE HANNAH ARENDT, REFLETIDOS NO EXERCÍCIO DO PODER JUDICANTE - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v39i2.34602
Authors: Pedrosa Massaro Ana Carolina 
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:O presente artigo tem por escopo analisar o exercício do Poder Judicante a partir da conceituação de Hannah Arendt sobre a irreflexão e a consequente banalidade do mal. Com efeito, pretende-se, por meio deste estudo, fazer um comparativo entre as observações Arendtianas sobre a forma irracional de simplesmente obedecer ordens e seguir um código de ética pré-determinado, sem refletir sobre a conduta tomada, levando-se à banalidade do mal descrita pela filósofa quando do julgamento de Eichmann, com as decisões proferidas pelos magistrados em geral, que muitas vezes, para aplicarem rigorosamente a lei ao caso concreto, deixam de compreender as reais necessidade das partes e os motivos que as levaram a procurar o Poder Judiciário, e não contribuem para a obtenção de Justiça, na mais escorreita acepção da palavra. ABSTRACT:The scope of this article is to analyze the exercise of adjudicative power from the conceptualization of Hannah Arendt on the thoughtlessness and consequent banality of evil. Indeed, it is intended, through this study, to make a comparison between the observations Arendtian on how irrational simply obey orders and follow a code of ethics predetermined, without reflecting on the outlet duct, leading to the trivialization of poorly described by the philosopher when the Eichmann trial, with decisions handed down by judges in general, often to rigorously apply the law to this case, fail to understand the real needs of the parties and the reasons that led them to seek the Judiciary and do not contribute to the attainment of justice, in more ordinary sense of the word.
BACHARELISMOS NO BRASIL: JÁ NÃO SOMOS MAIS TÃO “MOÇOS”... - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v39i2.37587
Authors: Alberto Ramos Sarmento Jorge , Carmesin Gomes Raphael 
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:O presente trabalho objetiva reconstruir o percurso histórico dos bacharelismos – expressos no modo de ser do Bacharel em sua relação com a sociedade – a fim de se analisar o sujeito Bacharel em Direito na sociedade brasileira desde a colonização. Para tanto, se partirá do conceito operacional weberiano de “Tipo Ideal” para se fixarem os tipos ideais de Bacharel em Direito característicos de cada período histórico brasileiro. Para delinear a educação e os valores compartilhados por este Bacharel, lançaremos mão de alguns conceitos weberianos como o de “Estado patrimonial”, “estamento” e “técnica”. Conclui-se com o levantamento de algumas hipóteses para pesquisas futuras. ABSTRACT:Aim to reconstruct the historical course of “bacharelismos” – express in a way of been of Bachelor in his social relationship – to analyze the subject Bachelor of Laws in brazilian society since the colonization. For that we will start with the weberian operational concept of “Ideal Type” to set the ideal types of Bachelor of Laws that emerge in each brazilian historical period. To delineate the education and values shared by this Bachelor, we will employ some weberians concepts as “Patrimonial State”, “status group” and “technique”. Conclude with some hypothesis to researches at a late.
L’AUTONOMIE NORMATIVE DANS L’ENTREPRISE: APPROCHES DE THÉORIE DU DROIT - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v39i2.39569
Authors: Belaidi Rabah 
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:A discussão sobre o fundamento do poder normativo na empresa mobilizou vários recursos retóricos ao longo de mais de um século de ativitades discursivas acadêmicas. Os limites das teorias dogmática-doutrinárias necessitam uma verticalização da reflexão que pode ser oferecida por uma abordagem de teoria do direito. A partir de um ponto de vista metajurídico, a autonomia normativa pode ser estudado de forma real e completa na condição de achar um protocolo ou uma ferramenta operatória. A análise institucional, bem que desprovida de fronteiras sempre delimitadas oferece possibilidades e vitudes heurísticas e revela além da explicação sociológica do poder na empresa, suas relações com o direito do estado. ABSTRACT:The discussion about the foundation of the normative power at an enterprise mobilized multiple retorical resources for more than a century of discursive academic activities. The limits of the doctrinaire-dogmatic theories need a reflection verticalization which can be offered through an approach of law theory. Starting from a metajuridical point of view, the normative autonomy can be studied in a real and complete way, under the condition of finding a protocol or an operative tool. The institutional analysis, well devoid of always delimited frontiers, offer possibilities and heuristic virtues and reveal beyond the sociological explanation of the power at the enterprise, but also your relations with the law of the state.
A EFETIVA IMPLANTAÇÃO DAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO AMBIENTAL POR MEIO DA DESAPROPRIAÇÃO - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v40i1.38078
Authors: Alves Coelho Hebert , Nacur Rezende Elcio 
Published: July 2017

RESUMO: O presente artigo analisa a importância das unidades de conservação ambientais. Demonstra que a simples criação das unidades de conservação não é suficiente para se promover adequadamente a tutela ambiental. É imprescindível uma efetiva implantação das unidades de conservação para uma proteção eficaz do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, em especial da biodiversidade. Constata-se que a desapropriação das propriedades privadas em áreas constituídas como unidades de conservação é um importante instrumento para se concretizar esta efetiva implantação. Buscou-se compreender o problema por meio de raciocínio dedutivo, com vertente metodológica jurídico-teórica, alicerçando-se na análise de doutrinas e artigos relacionados ao tema proposto.ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the importance of environmental conservation units. It shows that the mere creation of the environmental conservation units is not enough to promote accordingly the environmental protection. It is indispensable an effective implementation of environmental conservation units in order to an effective protection of the ecologically balanced environment, in special the biodiversity. It notes that the expropriation of private property in areas constituted as conservation units is an important instrument to materialize this effective implantation. We tried to understand the problem through the deductive method, basing on the analysis of doctrines and articles related to the proposed topic.
NATUREZA JURÍDICA DO DIREITO AMBIENTAL: NORMAS DE SOBREDIREITO E COMPETÊNCIA MUNICIPAL DE NATUREZA LOCAL, UMA AVALIAÇÃO SOB O PRISMA PRINCIPIOLÓGICO - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd%20ufg.v40i1.40302
Authors: Batista Guimarães Marcos , Ricardo da Rocha Araújo Paulo 
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:O presente artigo tem como escopo realizar uma reflexão quanto à atuação dos munícipes/municípios nas construções sociológicas/societárias referentes à preservação/conservação dos recursos naturais. Esta construção indica uma relação característica entre o espaço/território quanto às mudanças de paradigmas na aplicação das legislações ambientais vigentes, realizando-se para tal o esgarçamento jusfilosófico e ético, no que tange a hermenêutica das emanações do Direito Ambiental e Constitucional. Para tal, enfatiza-se a característica do Direito Ambiental como norma de Sobredireito, sob o prisma dos princípios que regem esta ciência, abrangendo os aspectos gerais da Justiça Ambiental, Governança Ambiental e Direito Humano Fundamental, em confronto com as Competências Materiais e Legislativas conferido aos entes da federação, respeitado-se o Princípio Federativo. ABSTRACT:This article is scoped to perform a reflection on the performance of citizens and municipalities in sociological and societal constructs regarding the preservation or conservation of natural resources. This construction indicates a characteristic relationship between the space territory regarding changes of paradigms in the implementation of existing environmental legislation, where the rupture with legal philosophy and ethical, with regard to hermeneutics of emanations of Constitutional and environmental law. To this end, emphasizes the feature of environmental law as a standard of Superlaw, in the light of the principles governing this science, covering general aspects of environmental justice, Environmental Governance and Fundamental human right, in confrontation with Materials and legislative competences conferred to loved the Federation, respected the Principle of Federation.
INCLUSÃO DA PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA NA SOCIEDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A CIDADANIA ATIVA E PASSIVA NO PROCESSO ELEITORAL - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd%20ufg.v40i2.42886
Authors: Piva Almeida Leite Flavia , Filho Adalberto Simão , Menezes Vigliar José Marcelo 
Published: July 2017

Resumo: A pesquisa parte da visão legislativa posterior à adesão do país a Convenção sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência e seu Protocolo Facultativo, promulgados pela Organização das Nações Unidas, que contribuíram para a edição da Lei nº 13.146, de 02 de julho de 2015 que Institui a Lei Brasileira de Inclusão da Pessoa com Deficiência (Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência). O ambiente de sociedade da informação é avaliado do ponto de vista das políticas públicas estabelecidas no Marco Civil de internet pela Lei 12.965/14. O desafio do direito de votar e de ser votado por parte da pessoa com deficiência, também é abordado juntamente com a ideia de acessibilidade digital e de cidadania. Abstract: The research part of the subsequent legislative vision to the country's accession to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol, promulgated by the United Nations, which contributed to the enactment of Law No. 13,146, of July 2, 2015 that establishes Brazilian Law of Inclusion of People with Disabilities (Status of Persons with Disabilities ). The information society environment is evaluated from the point of view of public policies established in the Internet Civil Marco by Law 12,965 / 14. The challenge of the right to vote and to be voted by the person with disabilities is also discussed along with the idea of digital accessibility and citizenship.
Betting on Western North Carolina: Harrah’s Cherokee Casino Resort’s Regional Impacts
Authors: Lewis Courtney 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians’ (EBCI) launch of the Harrah’s Cherokee Casino Resort on their Qualla Boundary homeland marked the beginning of a new and flourishing industry for western North Carolina. But many who lived in the region worried about the questionable long-term success of such a large gaming enterprise, along with the impacts on employment and the potential social impacts (gambling, substance abuse, etc.). With the Cherokee Casino’s twentieth anniversary being celebrated in 2017, a full picture of the casino’s impacts can now be evaluated, including a reassessment of these initial concerns. This article examines the casino’s distinct contemporary impacts, including the substantial economic gains for the region; specific effects for the Qualla Boundary; regional infrastructure upgrades; and the recent emergence of surprising results from social impact studies. In addition to the gaming enterprise’s measurable effects, this article also foregrounds how these endeavors play a crucial role in the ability of the EBCI to provide for its citizens through the increased exercise of their inherent sovereignty. Finally, in addressing these outcomes, this article also introduces the EBCI’s 2015 installation of a second casino in Murphy, North Carolina: the Harrah’s Cherokee Valley River Casino and Hotel.
Presence of and Change in Self-Reported Chronic Disease in White Appalachian Adults Compared to White Adults in the Greater Cincinnati Region, 2005–2013
Authors: Chubinski Jennifer , Sprigg Susan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The Appalachian region has been identified as an area with health challenges, including higher mortality, reduced health care access, and poor health outcomes. However, the literature is lacking a randomly designed population-based survey that examines health issues in this population over time. The Greater Cincinnati Community Health Survey (CHSS), a random-digit dial telephone survey, included questions about chronic disease prevalence over an eight-year period in twenty-two counties surrounding Cincinnati, Ohio. The CHSS also identified Appalachian adults using a place-based method (respondent or parent born in an Appalachian county). This paper presents the self-reported prevalence of ten chronic conditions in the white Appalachian population in the survey region compared to the non-Appalachian population: asthma, cancer, chronic lung disease, diabetes, heart trouble or angina, high blood pressure, high cholesterol or triglycerides, stroke, severe allergies, and depression. The results show a persistent pattern of Appalachian adults with poorer health than their non-Appalachian counterparts: in 2013 significantly more Appalachians than non-Appalachians reported being told they had high blood pressure, depression, asthma, diabetes, cancer, chronic lung disease, and stroke. By collecting multiple years of data, we can see trends over time. For some conditions, the self-reported disease status of Appalachian adults has improved since 2005, though the improvement was statistically significant only for high cholesterol. For asthma, cancer, chronic lung disease, diabetes, and stroke, Appalachian self-reported disease status has significantly worsened since 2005.
Comparative Study of NMR Spectral Profiling for the Characterization and Authentication of Cannabis
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Harrington Peter de B , Baugh Steven F 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
For the authentication of botanical materials, itis difficult to obtain representative reference materials because botanicals vary significantly with respect to cultivation conditions. Chemical profiling of plant extracts or spectral fingerprinting can differentiate botanicals and group them by their chemical profiles. NMR spectroscopy yields a powerful and useful method for profiling plant extracts. Both 500 MHz 1H and 1H-1H correlation NMR spectroscopy coupled with pattern recognition were used to discriminate among Cannabis samples. A rapid method of analysis was achieved by extracting directly into the deuterated solvent. Spectral ranges including or excluding the downfield region were compared to evaluate the effect on classification accuracy by projected difference resolution. Six classification methods—fuzzy rule-building expert system, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), super partial least-squares discriminant analysis, support vector machine (SVM), and SVMclassification trees (SVMTrees)—all gave better classification performance for proton NMR spectrathan for proton-proton correlation NMR spectra for seven Cannabis samples. Among the classification methods for a set of 25 Cannabis samples, the 0.5–7.2 plus 7.4–13.0 ppm ranges gave higher prediction rates of greater than 96% when compared to the reduced range of 0.5–7.2 ppm that excluded the downfield range. The LDA method had the best prediction accuracy of 99.8 ± 0.4%. SVMTree methods provide a robust tool, and classification trees are amenable to interpretation. Hence, NMR spectroscopy combined withchemometrics could be used as a fast screening method for the authentication of Cannabis samples.
Experimental studies on mechanical properties and ductile‐to‐brittle transition of ice‐silica mixtures: Young's modulus, compressive strength, and fracture toughness
Authors: Yasui Minami , Schulson Erland M. , Renshaw Carl E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe measured Young's modulus, fracture toughness, and compressive strength of ice and of ice‐0.25‐μm hard silica bead mixtures in controlled systematic experiments to determine the effect of silica on the ductile‐to‐brittle transition. Unconfined compressive strength was measured in a cold room at −10°C under a constant strain rate ranging from 10−5 to 6 × 10−1 s−1 of mixtures with silica volume fraction f of 0, 0.06, and 0.18. In the brittle regime, the compressive strength σpeak was a maximum at the transitional strain rate and then decreased with increasing strain rate. In the ductile regime, the σpeak increased exponentially with increasing strain rate
as
. The stress exponent n for f = 0.06 and 0.18 was ~6, twice as large as the value of pure ice, n ~ 3. The transitional strain rate increased with increasing silica volume fraction; 10−3–10−2 s−1 for pure ice, 10−2–10−1 s−1 for f = 0.06, and >6 × 10−1 s−1 for f = 0.18. Fracture toughness and Young's modulus were measured over the range 0 ≤ f ≤ 0.34. Fracture toughness scaled as f0.5, while Young's modulus increased linearly with f. Finally, a theoretical model of the transitional strain rate proposed by Schulson (1990) and Renshaw and Schulson (2001) was compared to the measured transitional strain rates. Model predictions were in accord with measured transitional strain rates for pure ice but somewhat higher than observed for ice‐silica mixtures. Large model uncertainty was due to high sensitivity of the transitional strain rate to the stress exponent n.
Spin transition of ferric iron in the calcium‐ferrite type aluminous phase
Authors: Wu Ye , Qin Fei , Wu Xiang , Huang Haijun , McCammon Catherine A. , Yoshino Takashi , Zhai Shuangmeng , Xiao Yuming , Prakapenka Vitali B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe investigated Fe‐free and Fe‐bearing CF phases using nuclear forward scattering and X‐ray diffraction coupled with diamond anvil cells up to 80 GPa at room temperature. Octahedral Fe3+ ions in the Fe‐bearing CF phase undergo a high‐spin to low‐spin transition at 25–35 GPa, accompanied by a volume reduction of ~2.0% and a softening of bulk sound velocity up to 17.6%. Based on the results of this study and our previous studies, both the NAL and CF phases, which account for 10–30 vol % of subducted MORB in the lower mantle, are predicted to undergo a spin transition of octahedral Fe3+ at lower mantle pressures. Spin transitions in these two aluminous phases result in an increase of density of 0.24% and a pronounced softening of bulk sound velocity up to 2.3% for subducted MORB at 25–60 GPa and 300 K. The anomalous elasticity region expands and moves to 30–75 GPa at 1200 K and the maximum of the VΦ reduction decreases to ~1.8%. This anomalous elastic behavior of Fe‐bearing aluminous phases across spin transition zones may be relevant in understanding the observed seismic signatures in the lower mantle.