bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Concepts for Running ESP Between Producing Zones in Deep Wells at High Temperature
Authors: Baieli Federico L. , Teves Ricardo , Oyarzun Raul , Russo Martin , Pires Juan Cruz , Devincenti Victor 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The goal of this work is to show what things generate more temperature than the simulation of downhole conditions, and how to mitigate them by, for example, selecting the appropriate ESP position, considering the production rates vs. zones, and the right materials for the production tubing in order to reduce motor operating temperature and increase run life.
This study recovers information from different sources, history data of 15 years of running electric submersible pumps in the field, detailed data over three years from three different electric submersible pump suppliers, and more than 80 tear down analysis.
Starting 2013, twenty-five (25) electric submersible pumps were run with high temperature down-hole sensors–the interpretation of that information was one of the keys to success. In three cases the setting depth of the equipment was changed to test the theory.
All the wells are in secondary recovery projects, so the injection rate and selective zone are very important to take into account.
Today there is no software that exists that can simulate, with accuracy, the real dynamic temperature of the ESP above or between zones.
Several flow simulations were run to prove the hypothesis, considering different flow rates and pump intake pressure.
The position of the ESP related to production zone, flow rate, and submergence will determine the dynamic temperature of the motor.
The use of special isolation tubing (VIT – Vacuum Insulated Tubing, for example) is one way to reduce the ESP temperature in the deeper and higher temperature wells.
The study of the temperature profile in a pump between zones is not a common situation in the oil industry, there is no literature that explores this kind of down-hole situation.
Today, there is no sizing/design software prepared to predict the temperatures in these types of installations. This paper will show the considerations required to do it properly.
Cementing Solution to Decrease Water Cut after Fracturing Operations
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xie Jian'an , Du Zonghe , Zheng Yongsheng , Qi Jing , Ma Jiang , Wang Rui , Guo Yabin , Guo Peng , Liu Yuan , Niu Li 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Unexpected waterflooding during production after fracturing can be a critical problem for newly completed wells. There are cases that reservoir evaluation has been properly done and water bearing zones identified, and the wells show high water cut after the completion. Typically near wellbore channeling or unwanted fracture height growth can cause such problem and a joint effort between cementing and fracturing may be a solution to reduce such risk to minimum.
Field-X is located in Jugger basin in western china. One of the major target oil zones is identified which is close to a water bearing formation in this field. There is evidence showing historically cementing bond was impaired because of the contamination from the formation water, which diverted the fracturing fluid from the perforated zones to the incompetent cement channels in the annulus. The result was a fracture geometry that deviated significantly from the design and waterflooding occurred when the water zone was connected.
A special cement slurry was formulated as a main solution to solve this problem. The cement's set-mechanical properties were tailored according to the pressure and temperature dynamics by a stress analysis simulator to ensure entire zonal isolation during the fracturing execution, and the slurry's waterproofing property was evaluated and verified in the laboratory by a series of special designed test procedures. Meanwhile, fracture design is completed with the consideration of height control, as lowered viscosity fluid and moderate pumping rate was employed for the completion.
The joint effort from cementing and fracturing design achieved positive results. Fifteen exploration wells from field-X has been successfully cemented with excellent bonding, and post fracturing treatment showed minimum water cut during flow back and production tests comparing to offset wells. The synergy between cementing and fracturing design proves its value for field-X as an effective measure to identify potential risks and provide solutions to similar scenarios, and it is believed to be valuable for hydrocarbon development in other complex areas.
The Simplified Pressure Test of Onshore Mature Fields in Sergipe-Alagoas Basin - Mathematical Model and Interpretation Procedure
Authors: Kubota L.. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The leading type of transient pressure test in onshore fields of Sergipe-Alagoas Basin is the so-called Simplified Pressure Test (SPT). Its name stems from the fact it boasts an extremely lean downhole completion (a set of tubings and a production packer). Additionally, it does not require any flow measurement device. From an operational standpoint, all it takes is to settle the packer and let the downhole gauge record the pressure diffusion. It is as simple (and cheap) as that. Not surprisingly, the SPT has become the preferred well-testing choice for the financially-constrained onshore mature fields from Sergipe-Alagoas Basin.
In this paper, we write a mathematical model for the pressure diffusion taking place during a SPT and show that, by coupling Peres Integral Method and Gladfelter Approximate Deconvolution, wellbore storage effects can be successfully removed, unveiling the flow regime taking place within the porous medium. Moreover, we propose a pressure extrapolation technique to be employed when the SPT is performed on low-permeability reservoirs.
Field examples provide compelling evidence that, by following the outlined procedure, an operation as simple as the SPT can indeed provide reliable information at a relatively low cost.
Increasing Production by Diagnosing Well Productivity: A Case Study for Other Mature Fields
Authors: Peretti Francis , Montilva Antonio , Rodriguez Lenin , Rosario Omar , Torrealba Julio , Martinez Mauro 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The workflow for mature-field redevelopment requires a multidisciplinary team to analyze, select, and rank well candidates for intervention and production optimization. An objective evaluation of the well's productivity and reserves is essential for identifying possible alternatives to increase production. For this study, an analysis was conducted on 152 wells from the Carito field. As the second-largest oilfield producer in the Maturin sub-basin of eastern Venezuela, the Carito field encompasses approximately 150 km2 and comprises the El Carito and Carito south reservoirs.
The Carito reservoir presents a high degree of heterogeneity resulting from complex, compressional faulting and varying sediments and includes hydrocarbons containing gas, condensate, volatile, black oils, and tar mat (oil mixed with wet sand). The Carito south reservoir behaves like a black-oil reservoir. The workflow presented in this study identified 20 candidate wells ranked by their potential to increase production. An intervention plan was then defined and ranked according to technical and economic criteria. This paper presents the successful application of this methodology in the Carito field to improve well productivity by approximately 7,000 bpd, proving that the method can be easily adapted to other areas.
An Analysis of Scale Buildup in Seawater Injection of Waterflooding Operations
Authors: Temizel Cenk , Thanon Diyar , Inceisci Turgay , Balaji Karthik , Suhag Anuj , Ranjith Rahul , Wijaya Zein , Abdelfatah Elsayed 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Started in the late 1800s in the US, water being relatively inexpensive, readily available in large volumes and also being very effective at significantly increasing oil recovery, waterflooding has been the most common secondary recovery method applied throughout the world, contributing to pressure maintenance in the reservoir and displacing the oil phase. While there are several parameters that influence the performance of a waterflood, water quality is one of the most important factors as it may cause scaling in injection wells as well as some formation damage through chemical phenomena such as, cation exchange in the reservoir, resulting in decreased the recoveries.
As waterfloods continue over decades, prevention of scale formation becomes a more significant factor that needs to be properly treated. Precipitation of inorganic scale is a major issue in injecting brines with a high concentration of divalent ions. Scaling tendency of water is highly correlated with the hardness of injection water.
Following corrosion, insoluble iron precipitates can cause damage in injection wells since precipitates can lead to severe reductions in well injectivity. Water needs to be treated in a proper way, if the water contains high concentrations of calcium, magnesium or iron. In most waterflood applications, seawater needs to be used and this phenomenon is also an issue when injecting seawater into formations that contain brines with high salinity.
In this study, we provide a comprehensive analysis of this common problem by investigating the significance of parameters affecting the severity of scale formation through utilizing a seawater scale buildup model that will be simulated using a commercial simulator along with an in-depth review of previous studies.
Case Study: Pressure-Transient Analysis Behind Oil Production Hike in a Mature Onshore Field in the Brazilian Northeast
Authors: Kubota L.. , Souto F.. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper reports on the successful application of Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) providing theoretical background to support the hydraulic fracturing of several reservoirs in the Brazilian Northeast, thus leading to a huge hike in oil production.We describe how PTA has helped shed light on the fact such reservoir should not be viewed as a conventional system, but rather as an unconventional one. Based on our findings, we conjecture that it could be regarded as a fracture network surrounded by a porous matrix.That being said, a hydraulic fracture would readily connect the wellbore with the fracture network, bypassing the less permeable matrix, and, as a result, cause an increase in oil production. The gain in oil flow rate, in our examples, has averaged a tenfold increase. Not only did PTA help increase oil production, it also helped shed light on how best to read the dynamic behavior of a mature reservoir.
A Challenging Workover in an Offshore Fixed Platform - Accessing Bypassed Hydrocarbons
Authors: Fernandes F. F. , Nakajima L.. , Rodrigues V. F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the planning, execution, and lessons learned of a challenging workover focused on accessing bypassed hydrocarbons for production increase. The workover goal was to add two-bypassed zones, a high quality upper carbonate zone and a thin bed of sandstone, both above the production casing shoe, to the openhole carbonate production of a horizontal well in a fixed offshore platform. Polvo is a brown or mature field in shallow waters of Campos Basin, Brazil. Among the typical problems of mature fields, Polvo shows only pressure drop, declining oil rate, and high water influx, with 80% average water cut. To extend the economic life of Polvo, a huge challenge in the current downturn, its independent operator is rejuvenating existing producing wells, optimizing flow, and identifying, quantifying and accessing bypassed hydrocarbons. The original well was completed in a lower carbonate zone in a 604 m openhole lateral section with sand control screens. After reviewing reservoir and well data, the operator team found the two mentioned bypassed zones. In order to access these zones, it was necessary to perforate them, to control sand production in the sandstone, and to deploy an intermediate completion. Because of internal diameter restriction in the lower completion, hydrajetting replaced casing gun operations in both zones. Sand control in the high angle sandstone interval was a challenge. A specific fracturing/gravel operation followed, successfully, a failed sandstone consolidation trial. Among the main challenges this workover faced budget and time limitations, once the rig operated on a temporary contract, and material, equipment, and footprint restrictions, not mentioning lack of relevant information about the bypassed sandstone zone.
Determining the Sweep Efficiency of Waterflooding Using Tracers
Authors: Melo M. A. , Almeida A. R. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Water injection is extensively applied as an oil recovery method. This generates a large volume of produced water that must be separated from the production stream and disposed with technical, economic and environmental consequences. The optimized use of water resources in the oil production is linked with the sweep efficiency or drainage of that water in the reservoir, which is the aim of this article. The inaccessibility of petroleum reservoirs associated with the lack of tools able to effectively characterize the rock formation channels make tracers a very important qualitative and quantitative evaluation technique to date and indispensable to the management of such water. The hydrodynamic characterization of channels traversed is possible by previously marking the fluid with a water-soluble conservative tracer, which, by definition, flows through the formation dissolved in water without interacting with the rock-fluid system, i.e., without chemical reaction or adsorption (conservative or ideal tracer). This work builds a connection between laboratory experiments and field data. Laboratory tests were performed in a linear (1-D) physical model (with target-field rock) and in a 5-spot physical model (outcrop rock), using the target field water and with temperature of the target field (1-D test) or room temperature (2-D test). The field application was performed in a reduced pilot consisting of an inverted 5-spot unit (1 injection well and 4 production wells). The mathematical simulation of 1-D laboratory data was made using the traditional convection-diffusion equation. Field and laboratory 5-spot data were adjusted using a mathematical model (2-D convection-diffusion equation) and its analytical solution through the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT) for an ideal 5-spot pattern. This study suggests that working with a tracer pulse, instead of a slug, is the best strategy and facilitates the interpretation of lab and/or field results. Furthermore, it is possible to estimate the sweep efficiency using the mathematical interpretation of a pulse. The collected information allows the interpretation of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the studied field area and serves as a basis for future EOR applications of polymers and/or surfactants.
An unexpected seizure during superficial scalp surgery due to needle penetration of the cranium
Authors: Reed Justin , Ben‐Menachem Erez 
Published: March 2017

SummarySeizure activity during surgery is an anaesthetic emergency, requiring diagnosis of potential triggers and it's immediate management. We report the case of an intra‐operative seizure during removal of a scalp lesion due to accidental passage of a needle through a skull defect with penetration of the dura. Anaesthetists managing patients with previous skull fractures or cranial surgery with persistent skull defects should be aware of seizure risk during superficial scalp surgery.
Nasotracheal intubation with the McGrath videolaryngoscope in patients with limited mouth opening
Authors: Añez Cristóbal , Farre Violeta , Holgado Carmen Maria , Molina Maria Inmaculada De 
Published: March 2017

SummaryLimited mouth opening is an important contributing factor to difficult tracheal intubation. Existing guidelines recommend the use of awake techniques but they are often badly tolerated by patients who sometimes refuse consent. We present three patients with limited mouth opening but with no other criteria for difficult airway management and normal upper airway imaging, who refused awake techniques. They were managed with general anaesthesia and nasotracheal intubation using the McGrath series 5 videolaryngoscope.
Oxygen embolus due to hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Hawes Rachel , Robertson Andrew 
Published: March 2017

SummaryWe report a case of a suspected oxygen embolus immediately following hydrogen peroxide irrigation during orthopaedic surgery. A 69‐yr‐old female suffered reversible cardiovascular collapse immediately following the introduction of hydrogen peroxide to the femoral shaft. We highlight a potential adverse effect of this commonly used chemical, potential risk factors and patient management.
Sugammadex for the treatment of rocuronium‐induced anaphylaxis
Authors: Williams Stuart , Nesvadba David Stephen , Bathgate Gordon 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe treatment of rocuronium induced anaphylaxis with sugammadex as an adjunct to standard resuscitation protocols has been reported in the literature. We describe a further case to add to the growing evidence base and discuss some of the pertinent issues.
Presentación Vol. 8 N° 1
Authors: Cogollo-Ospina Sonia Natalia 
Published: March 2017

A los lectores de este número de la Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales queremos compartirles la alegría que sentimos por la aceptación que ha tenido la revista en nuevas bases de datos, todas ellas de gran prestigio. Ahora la revista puede ser consultada en la Web of Science, Ulrichsweb, ERIH Plus, EBSCO, CLASE y hacemos parte de Latinoamericana, la Asociación de revistas académicas de humanidades y ciencias sociales. A ello se suma el que ahora nuestra institución ha sido reconocida por el Ministerio de Educación como Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, por lo que los esfuerzos colectivos en materia de investigación y su divulgación ahora ven sus frutos. El trabajo serio, con rigor, que aúna a un colectivo en pos de lograr productos y servicios con calidad es hoy motivo de celebración.Nos place presentar un número en el que se evidencia cómo los investigadores están preguntándose por problemáticas emergentes, producto de los discursos e imperativos dominantes en los tiempos que vivimos, y que se convierten en objetos de investigación. Como siempre, las temáticas son variadas y abarcan diversas disciplinas. En esta ocasión se hacen presentes el derecho, la psicología, la sociología, la antropología, la historia y la geografía social, la educación, el trabajo social, la ciencia política y la psiquiatría, haciendo honor a nuestra razón de ser una revista multidisciplinar. © Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.
Regulatory Role of G Protein-coupled Receptors in Pancreatic Cancer Development and Progression
Authors: Schuller Hildegard M. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths with
rising incidence and a high mortality rate. Smoking, psychological stress, diabetes, pancreatitis
and alcohol abuse are known risk factors for pancreatic cancer.

Objective:
Targeting G protein-coupled receptor signaling for the prevention and therapy of
pancreatic cancer.

Method:
Review of published literature.

Results and Conclusion:

All known risk factors for pancreatic cancer cause hyperactive
cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling via cancer stimulating Gαs-coupled
beta-adrenergic and prostaglandin E2 receptors and/or by suppressing signaling via inhibitory
Gαi-coupled GABAB-receptors. Psychological stress in mice promotes the progression
of pancreatic cancer xenografts via stress neurotransmitter-mediated increase in betaadrenergic
signaling and suppression of GABA while stress reduction inhibits pancreatic
cancer by reversing these effects. The activation of Gαi-coupled GABAB-receptor signaling
by treatment with GABA, inhibition of beta-adrenergic signaling by a beta-blocker and/or
suppression of Gαs-coupled PGE2 receptor signaling by a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor
prevent the development and progression of pancreatic cancer induced in hamsters by carcinogenic
nitrosamines and in transgenic mice. The re-purposing of cardiovascular therapeutics
(beta-blockers, COX-2 inhibitors, Ca2+-channel blockers) that inhibit betaadrenergic
and PGE2 signaling for pancreatic cancer intervention is problematic due to undesirable
side effects under chronic treatment protocols. To avoid such side effects while
effectively reducing excessive cAMP signaling, nutritional GABA supplementation or
positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of Gαi-coupled receptors (GABAB-Rs) currently in
clinical trials for the treatment of addiction should be explored for pancreatic cancer intervention.
Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Massa Lemak serta Kadar Adiponektin Remaja Perawakan Pendek (Body Mass and Fat Mass Indexes and Adiponectin Levels of Stunting Adolescents)
Authors: Surmita Surmita , Megawati Ginna , Fatimah Siti Nur , Rakhmawati Yunita 
Published: March 2017

AbstrakPerawakan pendek mempunyai hubungan dengan masalah kesehatan seperti kegemukan dan ketidakseimbangan metabolisme energi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalis korelasi antara indeks massa tubuh dan massa lemak tubuh dengan adiponektin pada remaja dengan perawakan pendek di daerah Jatinangor Sumedang Jawa Barat. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan 35 responden remaja awal usia 10-14 tahun di Jatinangor. Perawakan pendek diperoleh berdasarkan kriteria WHO 2007 d engan nilai z-score TB/U < - 2 SD. Indeks massa tubuh diukur sebagai berat badan (kg) dibagi dengan kuadrat tinggi badan (cm),Â massa lemak diukur sebagai persentase massa lemak menggunakan alat bioelectrical impedance analysis dan kadar adiponektin diukur dengan metode ELISA. Hasil uji korelasi Pearson antara indeks massa tubuh dengan kadar adiponektin r = -0,42 (p=0,012). Hasil uji korelasi Spearman antara massa lemak dengan kadar adiponektin r = -0,415 (p=0,013). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat korelasi negatif sedang antara indeks massa tubuh dengan kadar adiponektin dan terdapat korelasi negatif sedang antara massa lemak dengan kadar adiponektin pada remaja perawakan pendek di Jatinangor Sumedang.Kata Kunci: indeks massa tubuh, massa lemak, kadar adiponektin, remaja perawakan pendekÂ AbstractShort stature has a correlation with health problems such as overweight and impaired balance energy metabolism. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation of body mass index and fat mass with adiponectin on stunted adolescents in Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java. This research was a cross sectional study using 35 respondents aged between 10 to 14 years old in Jatinangor. Stature measurement was using 2007 WHO criteria with z-score value TB / U <- 2 SD. Body mass index was measured as weight divided by height squared, fat mass was measured as fat mass percentage using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and adiponectin level was measured using ELISA. Pearson correlation test results showed significant correlations between body mass index with adiponectin r=-0.42 (p=0.012). Spearman correlation test results show significant correlations between fat mass with adiponectin r=-0.415 (p=0.013). The conclusions of this study is that there is a medium negative correlation between body mass index with adiponectin levels, and there is a medium negative correlation between fat mass with adiponectin levels on stunted adolescent in Jatinangor, Sumedang.Keywords: body mass index, fat mass, adiponectin, stunting adolescent