bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of management of inadvertent arterial injury during central venous catheterisation
Authors: Dixon Oliver G.B. , Smith George E. , Carradice Daniel , Chetter Ian C. 
Published: October 2016

Introduction Central venous catheterisation (CVC) is a technique commonly used to obtain vascular access and over five million CVCs are inserted annually. This systematic review of CVC-related arterial injury aims to compare outcomes reported with different management strategies. Methods PRISMA guidelines were followed. A search of Medline, Embase, Central and CINAHL was performed. Results were limited to papers in humans and in English with duplicates removed. Details of cases including site and nature of arterial injury, use of ultrasound, methods for identifying arterial placement, management methods used, and any reported outcomes were collated from all papers. Successful management was defined as control of haemorrhage without evidence of further complications. Results We screened 2187 abstracts and 78 full manuscripts were obtained and reviewed. Twenty-four papers were of relevance and were included in this review. Amongst the papers, 80 cases of arterial injury were reported. Successful treatment by removal and compression, endovascular methods, and open surgical repair were 5.6%, 94.6% and 100%, respectively. Discussion Removal and compression of the arterial site is a poor management method and is associated with a high rate of complications. Endovascular approaches had a high rate of success with advantages of endovascular techniques including access to arteries which are difficult to expose surgically and avoidance of general anaesthesia. Endovascular repair might be considered depending on site of injury or local expertise though surgical repair reported the best results in this review with no complications seen.
Use of AUC7 adjuvant carboplatin in patients with stage I seminoma: systematic review of the literature
Authors: Siracusano Salvatore , Diminutto Alberto , Porcaro Antonio Benito , Cerruto Maria Angela , Artibani Walter 
Published: October 2016

Purpose: Among the adjuvant options to be proposed to patients with stage I seminoma after orchiectomy, the administration of a single cycle of carboplatin, at the dosage reaching an area under the curve of 7 mg/mL/min (AUC7), is a relatively recent introduction in clinical practice. Methods: On April 1, 2016, we performed a systematic review of the literature to identify studies on the use of AUC7 carboplatin in the adjuvant setting for stage I seminoma patients. The studies were identified by searching the PubMed electronic database from July 2005 up to April 2016. The aim of this review is to clarify the state of art of this adjuvant option. Results: Adjuvant AUC7 carboplatin is an effective adjuvant treatment, able to reduce relapse rate in stage I seminoma patients. The heterogeneity of the methods for estimation and measurement of glomerular filtration rate represents an important issue in the administration of the optimal dose of carboplatin. Even with the lack of validated prognostic factors for relapses, a risk-adapted choice is commonly used to identify the optimal patient to be proposed this treatment. Conclusions: One cycle of AUC7 carboplatin is an effective, feasible, and safe adjuvant option to be discussed with stage I seminoma patients.
After Politics/After Television: Veep, Digimodernism, and the Running Gag of Government
Authors: Conway Joe 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT:
According to Alan Kirby, the cultural logic of digimodernism enshrines “the apparently real” as its dominant aesthetic. Unlike paranoid postmodern texts like The X-Files (Fox, 1993–2002), in which a false reality is juxtaposed to a stable external truth, digimodern texts mimic non-fictional forms to project a world that is just as it appears: “The apparently real comes without self-consciousness, without irony or self-interrogation, and without signaling itself to the reader or viewer.” This article shows how Kirby's theory of the digimodern, rooted as it is in new media technology, helps to explain the ascension of a certain kind of US political satire, what I am calling political satire vérité, that invites its viewers to watch an “apparently real” world of insider politics. Ultimately, the argument investigates how what media studies scholars label “the end of television” creates new material and aesthetic contexts for representing and interrogating what political theorists have dubbed “the end of politics.”
Pious Policymaking: The Participatory Satires of Stephen Colbert
Authors: Paroske Marcus 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT:
Stephen Colbert received wide critical acclaim for satirizing campaign finance law through forming a Super PAC on his television program The Colbert Report (2005–2014). Noteworthy in his technique was his decision in 2011 to take his conservative character directly into the workings of the Federal Election Commission, an approach he also used when delivering humorous testimony before a House of Representatives subcommittee on immigration the year before. This article considers Colbert's activity within the government in these instances—activity that this article calls participatory satire—from the perspective of postmodernism. While destabilizing the boundary between stage and government as he did is inescapably postmodern in approach, expectations for behavior within these institutions combine with the real-world consequences of policymaking to resist a complete rejection of liberal democracy. With irony removed as a humorous tool by the rules of his chosen venues, Colbert ran the risk of reinforcing the very conditions his satire sought to critique.
Can I Live? Contemporary Black Satire and the State of Postmodern Double Consciousness
Authors: Guerrero Lisa 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT:
This article examines how the interrelationship between the postmodern condition and the post-racial myth has shaped the works of black satirists in the twenty-first century. The desire to erase race in American discourse—even as race remains a powerful ideological sign that operates in real, material ways to affect black life—has transformed the project of black satire in the new century. Focusing on selected sketches from Comedy Central's Key & Peele, the article unpacks the ways in which contemporary black satire has forced a reconception of what the postmodern condition is for African Americans in the post-racial age.
Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Risk Factors among adult Population in Bisha Province, Southwest of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Shahrani Abdullah M. , Al-Saleem Mohammed A. , O’haj Mohamed , Mohammed Faleh Th. , Ibrahim Mutasim E. 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) among the adult population in Bisha province, Saudi Arabia.METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted during December, 2015 using the World Health Organization STEPS wise approach for data collection. Blood glucose level and anthropometric measurements of blood pressure, height, weight, and waist circumference were performed per standard methods. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the prevalence and risk of diabetes.RESULTS: Of 542 adult individuals included in the study, 13.3% (72) had diabetes, of which 8.1% were previously diagnosed and 5.2% represented new cases. The proportions of DM were 14.7% for men and 10.8% for women. Diabetes was significantly higher among married compared to unmarried individuals (19.3% vs 5.5 %; p<0.001) and among individuals aged ≥40 years old compared to those <40 years (31.3% vs 9.3%; p<0.001). The risk of diabetes was significantly increased with older age (Odds Ratio=4.470; 95% CI 2.264-7.614), married individuals (OR=4.097; 95% CI 2.188-7.672), weight/obesity (OR=2.827; 95% CI 1.567-5.072), hypertension (OR=4.383; 95% CI 2.085-9.214) and having a job (OR=2.327; 95% CI 1.347-4.02). The independent risk factors predicted diabetes were hypertension (Adjusted OR=2.897; 95% CI 1.269-66.13) and job patterns (Adjusted OR=2.793; 95% CI 1.064-7.329).CONCLUSION: Different risk factors alarming diabetes among adult population in Bisha province were detected. Strategies aimed to improving a healthy lifestyle are necessary to reduce the burden of the disease.
Tunneling magnetoresistance in trilayer structures composed of group-IV-based ferromagnetic semiconductor Ge1−
xFex, MgO, and Fe
Authors: Wakabayashi Yuki K. , Okamoto Kohei , Ban Yoshisuke , Sato Shoichi , Tanaka Masaaki , Ohya Shinobu 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The group-IV-based ferromagnetic semiconductor Ge1−

x
Fe
x
(GeFe) is one of the most promising materials for efficient spin injectors and detectors for Si and Ge. In this study, we show the first successful observation of the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) containing a group-IV ferromagnetic semiconductor, that is, in MTJs composed of epitaxially grown Fe/MgO/Ge0.935Fe0.065. We find that the p–d(t2) band in GeFe is mainly responsible for the tunneling transport. Although the obtained TMR ratio is small (∼0.3%), the TMR ratio is expected to be enhanced by suppressing leak current through amorphous crystal domains observed in MgO.
Effect of solvent evaporation temperature on the structure of two-dimensional melamine networks on Au(111)
Authors: Okada Arifumi , Nakata Yohei , Minou Kosuke , Yoshimura Masamichi , Kadono Kohei 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
By scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we investigated two-dimensional (2D) structures of melamine formed on Au(111) surfaces by solvent evaporation. By increasing the evaporation temperature, the well-known ordered honeycomb 2D molecular phase, in which all molecules are linked by hydrogen bonding, changes to four coexisting phases, i.e., a 2D network consisting of linear segments, 1D molecular rows, and hexagonal and distorted hexagonal structures. The first two phases are sometimes observed in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) on metallic substrates other than Au. The last two phases have lattice parameters close to those of the well-known honeycomb structure. The structural change observed in this study is attributed to local temperature and concentration distributions of the solution and substrate surface during solvent evaporation. From the results, we found that the molecular nanostructures can be tailored by the solvent evaporation method with small changes in temperature.
Moulin density controls drainage development beneath the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Banwell Alison , Hewitt Ian , Willis Ian , Arnold Neil 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUncertainty remains about how the surface hydrology of the Greenland ice sheet influences its subglacial drainage system, affecting basal water pressures and ice velocities, particularly over intraseasonal and interseasonal timescales. Here we apply a high spatial (200 m) and temporal (1 h) resolution subglacial hydrological model to a marginal (extending ~25 km inland), land‐terminating, ~200 km2 domain in the Paakitsoq region, West Greenland. The model is based on that by Hewitt (2013) but adapted for use with both real topographic boundary conditions and calibrated modeled water inputs. The inputs consist of moulin hydrographs, calculated by a surface routing and lake‐filling/draining model, which is forced with distributed runoff from a surface energy‐balance model. Results suggest that the areal density of lake‐bottom moulins and their timing of opening during the melt season strongly affects subglacial drainage system development. A higher moulin density causes an earlier onset of subglacial channelization (i.e., water transport through channels rather than the distributed sheet), which becomes relatively widespread across the bed, whereas a lower moulin density results in a later onset of channelization that becomes less widespread across the bed. In turn, moulin density has a strong control on spatial and temporal variations in subglacial water pressures, which will influence basal sliding rates, and thus ice motion. The density of active surface‐to‐bed connections should be considered alongside surface melt intensity and extent in future predictions of the ice sheet's dynamics.
The contribution of glacial isostatic adjustment to projections of sea‐level change along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America
Authors: Love Ryan , Milne Glenn A. , Tarasov Lev , Engelhart Simon E. , Hijma Marc P. , Latychev Konstantin , Horton Benjamin P. , Törnqvist Torbjörn E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe determine the contribution of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) to future relative sea‐level change for the North American coastline between Newfoundland and Texas. We infer GIA model parameters using recently compiled and quality‐assessed databases of past sea‐level changes, including new databases for the United States Gulf Coast and Atlantic Canada. At 13 cities along this coastline, we estimate the GIA contribution to range from a few centimeters (e.g., 3 [−1 to 9] cm Miami) to a few decimeters (e.g., 18 [12–22] cm, Halifax) for the period 2085–2100 relative to 2006–2015 (1−σ ranges given). We provide estimates of uncertainty in the GIA component using two different methods; the more conservative approach produces total ranges (1−σ confidence) that vary from 3 to 16 cm for the cities considered. Contributions from ocean steric and dynamic changes as well as those from changes in land ice are also estimated to provide context for the GIA projections. When summing the contributions from all three processes at the 13 cities considered along this coastline, using median or best‐estimate values, the GIA signal comprises 5–38% of the total depending on the adopted climate forcing and location. The contributions from ocean dynamic/steric changes and ice mass loss are similar in amplitude but with spatial variation that approximately cancels, resulting in GIA dominating the net spatial variability north of 35°N.
Submesoscale evolution of surface drifter triads in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Berta Maristella , Griffa Annalisa , Özgökmen Tamay M. , Poje Andrew C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTriangle shape metrics are analyzed to quantify the evolution of submesoscale (100–500 m initial separation) surface drifter triplets released in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The observations are compared to synthetic drifters advected by geostrophic velocity fields derived from satellite altimetry. Observed submesoscale triads evolve rapidly, reaching highly elongated configurations on timescales of 6 h to 2 days, in contrast to 6 days or longer for altimetry‐derived synthetic data. Estimates of horizontal divergence and strain rate from the drifter triplets indicate the relative importance of divergence in the evolution of triangle shape. Horizontal divergence is scale dependent, on the order of the local Coriolis parameter, and 2 to 3 times larger for initial 100 m scales compared to initial 500 m scales.
Greenland Ice Sheet flow response to runoff variability
Authors: Stevens Laura A. , Behn Mark D. , Das Sarah B. , Joughin Ian , Noël Brice P. Y. , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Herring Thomas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe use observations of ice sheet surface motion from a Global Positioning System network operating from 2006 to 2014 around North Lake in west Greenland to investigate the dynamical response of the Greenland Ice Sheet's ablation area to interannual variability in surface melting. We find no statistically significant relationship between runoff season characteristics and ice flow velocities within a given year or season. Over the 7 year time series, annual velocities at North Lake decrease at an average rate of −0.9 ± 1.1 m yr−2, consistent with the negative trend in annual velocities observed in neighboring regions over recent decades. We find that net runoff integrated over several preceding years has a negative correlation with annual velocities, similar to findings from the two other available decadal records of ice velocity in western Greenland. However, we argue that this correlation is not necessarily evidence for a direct hydrologic mechanism acting on the timescale of multiple years but could be a statistical construct. Finally, we stress that neither the decadal slowdown trend nor the negative correlation between velocity and integrated runoff is predicted by current ice‐sheet models, underscoring that these models do not yet capture all the relevant feedbacks between runoff and ice dynamics needed to predict long‐term trends in ice sheet flow.
Wave glider observations of surface winds and currents in the core of Typhoon Danas
Authors: Mitarai S. , McWilliams J. C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSimultaneous monitoring of surface winds and currents is essential to understand oceanic responses to tropical cyclones. We used a new platform, a Wave Glider (Liquid Robotics) to observe air‐sea processes during a typhoon, equivalent to a category 4‐hurricane, at peak strength, near Okinawa, Japan. Surface winds showed strong asymmetry in both speed and direction, faster fore than aft. Rotations of surface winds and currents were not coupled; currents rotated clockwise in the wake of the typhoon eye after passage of rapid wind rotations. Wind work was mostly done ahead of the eye, amplifying prior inertial motions with a phase shift. Wind‐induced energy was nearly balanced with an increase in estimated kinetic energy of the upper ocean current, relative to prior inertial oscillations. This study provides a newer, more complete view of actual atmosphere‐ocean interactions in a typhoon.
North‐south variations of tropical storm genesis locations in the Western Hemisphere
Authors: Wang Chunzai , Wang Lei , Wang Xin , Wang Dongxiao , Wu Lixin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the Western Hemisphere, tropical storms or hurricanes form in the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific. Previous studies have focused on storm variability in the frequency, duration, and intensity in each basin. Here we find that the tropical storm genesis location in one ocean basin ties to the other one. On both interannual and multidecadal time scales, a northward (southward) shift of the tropical storm genesis location is associated with a southward (northward) variation in the other ocean basin. The change of cross‐Central America wind in the upper troposphere, which induces an out‐of‐phase relation of vertical wind shear, bridges storm activity in the two ocean basins. Sea surface temperatures in both the tropical Pacific and North Atlantic can induce the zonal wind change across Central America. An implication of this study is that hurricane outlooks can be improved by considering the two ocean basins together, and thus helping reduce the damage caused by hurricane landfall.
Coupling on the northern Cascadia subduction zone from geodetic measurements and physics‐based models
Authors: Bruhat Lucile , Segall Paul 
Published: October 2016

AbstractKinematic inversions of GPS and tide gauge/leveling data display an unresolved “gap” between the downdip limit of the locked megathrust and the top of the episodic tremor and slip (ETS) zone in northern Cascadia. This work combines physics‐based models of slow‐slip events with both mean ETS displacements and decadal‐averaged deformation rates to explain the gap and determine how interseismic stress accumulates on the megathrust. While physics‐based predictions match the average ETS displacements, they significantly misfit long‐term rates, implying faster slip rates within both the gap and the ETS region. Heterogeneous Green's functions or velocity‐strengthening friction within the gap cannot explain the decadal rates. The observed uplift rates require steeper gradients in slip rate at the base of the locked zone. We invert for the smallest possible shear stress rate on the creeping megathrust below a locked zone that satisfactorily fits the data. A nonzero shear stress rate within the ETS zone, reaching −2.5 kPa/yr at a depth of 25–30 km, is required. Finally, of all the models that adequately fit both horizontal and vertical data, only those with deep locking depths, around 21 km, significantly improve the fit to the uplift rates.
Synthesis of Amino‐Acid–Nucleoside Conjugates
Authors: Ghirardello Mattia , Delso Ignacio , Tejero Tomas , Merino Pedro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRepresentative derivatives of uridine‐conjugated amino acids that have been suitably protected for Fmoc solid‐phase chemistry have been prepared through efficient procedures that use “click” reactions as key steps, including thiol–ene radical reactions and copper‐catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions. Several linkers between the amino acid and nucleoside units, including alkyl chains and a triazole ring, have been successfully employed. Alkyl chains offer retention of flexibility, to allow the bisubstrate analogues to adopt an appropriate orientation, whilst the triazole ring can promote additional interactions at the active sites of target enzymes. Furthermore, a neutral surrogate of the pyrophosphate unit has been prepared by using a Staudinger–Vilarrasa reaction as a key step. Neutral analogues are promising surrogates for avoiding difficulties owing to cell‐membrane permeability.
3D ultrasound findings in women attending a South Australian recurrent miscarriage clinic
Authors: McCormack Catherine D. , Furness Denise L. , Dekker Gustaaf A. , Shand Karen , Roberts Claire T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundWomen who suffer recurrent miscarriage are a heterogeneous group. Known causes include genetic and endocrine abnormalities, anti‐phospholipid syndrome and autoimmune disease. Congenital uterine abnormalities (CUAs) such as bicornuate, unicornuate, septate and arcuate uterine abnormalities are known to negatively impact on pregnancy rates, and to increase the miscarriage rates of genetically normal pregnancies. In some countries, such as Britain, 3D ultrasound of the pelvis is offered routinely to women with recurrent miscarriages.AimTo determine the prevalence of CUAs and other pelvic pathology, in women attending a South Australian recurrent miscarriage clinic.Materials and methods3D transvaginal ultrasounds performed during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle were offered to all patients attending the recurrent miscarriage clinic, who had not previously had a hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, HyCoSy or MRI study of their pelvis. A Philips IUI 8 MHz transvaginal probe for freehand sweep, and dedicated 3D transvaginal probe was used. 3D scans provide a coronal view of the uterus, ideal for detecting abnormalities which may be missed during routine conventional 2D scanning.ResultsA total of 210 women were recruited, 200 results were available, and 29% were found to have a CUA. 15% had polycystic ovaries detected, 15% were found to have fibroids, 12% adenomyosis and 1.5% Asherman's syndrome.Conclusions3D ultrasound evaluation of patients attending a recurrent miscarriage clinic detects CUAs, and has a high detection rate of other pelvic abnormalities that may contribute to recurrent miscarriages.