bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased physical activity, reduced QoL and presence of debilitating fatigue in patients with Addison's disease
Authors: van der Valk Eline S. , Smans Lisanne C.C.J. , Hofstetter Hedwig , Stubbe Janine H. , de Vries Marieke , Backx Frank J. G. , Hermus Ad R.M.M. , Zelissen Pierre M.J. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundHealth‐related quality of life in patients with Addison's disease has been assessed in various European countries, indicating a reduced quality of life. However, no studies have addressed the impact of Addison's disease on physical activity.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life in Dutch patients with Addison's disease particularly regarding the presence of fatigue and the ability to be physically active.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, a postal survey was performed among Dutch patients with Addison's disease on stable glucocorticoid replacement therapy with hydrocortisone or cortisone acetate. For quality of life and physical activity assessment, patients completed general and health‐related quality of life and physical activity questionnaires, and scores were compared to Dutch controls.ResultsA total of 328 patients with Addison's disease were studied. In patients with Addison's disease, only 45·7% met the standard of physical activity (Combinorm) compared to 67·8% of Dutch controls (P< 0·01). Forty‐eight per cent of patients showed abnormal fatigue, while 61% had severe fatigue. TheCISfatigue scores were significantly higher compared to controls (P< 0·01). We found reduced general subjective health‐related QoL scores in both male and female patients, especially in younger patients <65 years of age.ConclusionPhysical activity is decreased in patients with Addison's disease, combined with a reduced subjective health‐related QoL and increased fatigue.
Outbreak of oriental yellow scale insect, Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), on neem in Sudan
Authors: Ensaf S. I. M. , Inaam A. E. , Manal H. E. 
Published: March 2016

Scale insects were observed in neem trees (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) planted in Shambatarea near the bank of the Nile in Khartoum State and along Blue Nile Street in Wad Medani, Gezira State, Sudan in October 2014. Specimens of neem leaves and twigs, which were highly infested with scale insects and showing signs of wilting, were collected from different parts of the tree canopies and sent to the Insect Collection Unit at the Agricultural Research Corporation, Gezira Research Station, Sudan for identification. The pest was morphologically identified as Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). An endoparasitoid was observed to emerge from the scale insect and was identified as an encyrtid wasp. Aonidiella orientalis had been recorded previously in Shambatarea in 1969 and this paper presents the results of surveys carried out following the initial observations in Khartoum and Gezira States. This was a major outbreak, affecting the majority of the 1685 surveyed neem trees and causing damage on 62.7% of them.
Incidence and spread of knockdown resistance (kdr) in German Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) populations
Authors: Tebbe C. , Breckheimer B. , Racca P. , Schorn C. , Kleinhenz B. , Nauen R. 
Published: March 2016

The Colorado beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is one of the most important pests in many potato‐producing regions. Colorado beetle infestations are normally kept under economic damage thresholds by applying insecticides such as pyrethroids. Pyrethroids are known to act on voltage‐gated sodium channels and have been used for several decades to control L. decemlineata. Their continuous and widespread use has resulted in the development of resistance, which is often linked to a L1014F target‐site mutation in the voltage‐gated sodium channel, known as knockdown resistance (kdr). Since pyrethroids are used in many potato‐growing regions in Germany, more than 140 L. decemlineata samples were collected and analysed for the presence of the kdr allele by pyrosequencing diagnostics. Results showed that kdr is present in many German L. decemlineata populations, but even its homozygous presence does not substantially compromise the efficacy of recommended label rates of pyrethroids, as demonstrated by bioassays and crossing experiments. The implications of these findings for resistance management are briefly discussed.
Rolling contact fatigue cracking in rails subjected to in‐service loading
Authors: Haidemenopoulos G.N. , Sarafoglou P. I. , Christopoulos P. , Zervaki A.D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRolling contact fatigue (RCF) is one of the most important failure mechanisms in rails with significant cost‐ and safety‐related implications on the operation of railway systems. In this work, a metallurgical analysis of RCF crack initiation and propagation, including geometrical characteristics of RCF cracks – length, depth from surface, angle of propagation and spacing between cracks, is presented. The role of proeutectoid ferrite in crack initiation has been studied. Analysis of the fracture surface of an RCF crack revealed a ductile initiation zone followed by a quasi‐cleavage crack propagation. Iron oxide formed in the interior of all cracks in rails exposed to stagnant water with implications to crack propagation rate because of crack closure effects. Sequential sectioning parallel to the rolling surface revealed that RCF cracks possess convoluted surfaces. The crack trace expands with depth from the rolling surface. Subsurface crack initiation has also been documented.
Nutraceuticals in Migraine: A Summary of Existing Guidelines for Use
Authors: Rajapakse Thilinie , Pringsheim Tamara 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe use of nutraceuticals or food/herbal products for health benefits is expanding in adults with migraine as they seek relief from pain in an effective and tolerable manner not always afforded by current conventional pharmacologic therapies. Guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology/American Headache Society, Canadian Headache Society, and European Federation of Neurological Societies have discussed nutraceuticals in varying degrees of detail with at times conflicting recommendations.ConclusionThis review serves to provide a summary of existing guidelines for the use of certain nutraceuticals including riboflavin, coenzyme Q10, magnesium, butterbur, feverfew, and omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The review will also discuss the regulation of nutraceuticals in North America and the current controversy regarding butterbur and its safety.
New class divisions in a modern working life?
Authors: Skoland Kathrine , Solberg Astrid , Holte Kari Anne 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article questions the usefulness of a traditional class divide as a tool for understanding a contemporary working environment among manual and non‐manual workers in the oil service industry. The case of study is an enterprise within a supply chain with asymmetrical relationships between companies. Our findings show that the traditional manual/non‐manual class division is still relevant for understanding differences in perceived work situation in a modern work organisation. However, alongside a cleavage between manual and non‐manual workers, we find a cleavage between workers with differing amounts of contact with employees in organisations higher up in the supply chain.
Caries Detection around Restorations Using ICDAS and Optical Devices
Authors: Diniz Michele Baffi , Eckert George Joseph , González‐Cabezas Carlos , Cordeiro Rita de Cássia Loiola , Ferreira‐Zandona Andrea Gonçalves 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeSecondary caries is the major reason for replacement of restorations in operative dentistry. New detection methods and technology have the potential to improve the accuracy for diagnosis of secondary carious lesions. This in vitro study evaluated the performance of the ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System) visual criteria and optical devices for detecting secondary caries around amalgam and composite resin restorations in permanent teeth.Materials and MethodsA total of 180 extracted teeth with Class I amalgam (N = 90) and resin composite (N = 90) restorations were selected. Two examiners analyzed the teeth twice using the visual criteria (ICDAS), laser fluorescence (LF), light‐emitting diode device (MID), quantitative light‐induced fluorescence system (QLF), and a prototype system based on the Fluorescence Enamel Imaging technique (Professional Caries Detection System, PCDS). The gold standard was determined by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy.ResultsHigh‐reproducibility values were shown for all methods, except for MID in the amalgam group. For both groups the QLF and PCDS were the most sensitive methods, whereas the other methods presented better specificity (p < 0.05).ConclusionAll methods, except the MID device appeared to be potential methods for detecting secondary caries only around resin composite restorations, whereas around amalgam restorations all methods seemed to be questionable.Clinical SignificanceUsing Internal Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), an LF device, quantitative light‐induced fluorescence and a novel method based on Fluorescence Enamel Imaging technique may be effective for evaluating secondary caries around composite resin restorations.
Malnutrition increases NO production and induces changes in inflammatory and oxidative status in the distal colon of lactating rats
Authors: dos Santos‐Júnior E. F. , Gonçalves‐Pimentel C. , de Araújo L. C. C. , da Silva T. G. , de Melo‐Júnior M. R. , Moura‐Neto V. , Andrade‐da‐Costa B. L. D. S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies have indicated the lack of breast feeding as a risk factor associated with later development of inflammatory bowel disease. Nevertheless, the repercussion of little feeding during suckling on large intestine inflammatory response and anti‐oxidant resources has not yet been completely understood. This study hypothesized that unfavorable lactation is able to induce oxidative stress and release of inflammatory mediators modifying the integrity of the colon epithelium in weanling rats.MethodsWistar rats were reared under different early nutritional conditions according to litter size in two groups: N6 (6 pups/dam) and N15 (15 pups/dam) until the 25th postnatal day. The distal colon was removed and processed for biochemical, morphometric, and immunohistochemical analyzes. Lipoperoxidation, nitric oxide (NO), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukins‐1β, 4 and 10 (IL‐1β; IL‐4; IL‐10) levels, and total superoxide dismutase (tSOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were assessed. Morphometric analysis was carried out using paraffin sections and wholemount myenteric plexus preparations.Key ResultsIncreased lipoperoxidation, NO, TNF‐α and IL‐1b levels, reduced tSOD and increased CAT activities were found in the N15 compared to N6 group. No intergroup difference was detected for IL‐10, while lower levels of IL‐4, GSH and GSSG and lower neuronal size and density were induced by undernutrition.Conclusions & InferencesReduced feeding during suckling changed the inflammatory response and oxidative status in the colon of weanling rats. These data suggest potential mechanisms by which malnutrition early in life may increase the vulnerability of the large intestine to insults.
Mobilization of autologous and allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells for transplantation in haematological malignancies using biosimilar G‐CSF
Authors: Schmitt M. , Hoffmann J.‐M. , Lorenz K. , Publicover A. , Schmitt A. , Nagler A. 
Published: March 2016

Background and ObjectivesBiosimilars of the granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) filgrastim were approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for registered indications of the originator G‐CSF, including prevention and treatment of neutropenia, as well as mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells in 2008. Nevertheless, there is still an ongoing debate regarding the quality, efficacy and safety of biosimilar G‐CSF.Materials and MethodsThis article is a meta‐analysis of clinical studies on the use of biosimilar G‐CSF for mobilization and transplantation of haematopoietic stem cells as available in public databases. All data sets were weighted for the number of patients and parameters and then subjected to statistical meta‐analysis employing the Mann–Whitney U‐test followed by the Hodges–Lehmann estimator to assess differences between biosimilar and originator G‐SCF.ResultsA total of 1892 individuals, mostly with haematological malignancies but also including 351 healthy donors have been successfully mobilized for autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation using biosimilar G‐CSF (ZarzioTM: 1239 individuals; RatiograstimTM/TevagrastimTM: 653 individuals). A total of 740 patients with multiple myeloma, 491 with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 150 with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and other diseases are included in this meta‐analysis, as well as 161 siblings and 190 volunteer unrelated donors. For biosimilar and originator G‐CSF, bioequivalence was observed for the yield of CD34+ stem cells as well as for the engraftment of the transplants.ConclusionBiosimilar G‐CSF has equivalent effects and safety as originator G‐CSF.
Investigation of the Blade Tip Clearance Effects on Performance and Stability of a Mixed-Flow Pump: High Speed Camera Recordings of the Flow Structures, Local Measurements and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Serena Alberto , Bakken Lars E. 
Published: March 2016

The tip leakage flow affects turbomachines performance generating losses and reducing the effective blading; in addition, unsteady phenomena arise, negatively influencing the machine stability.
In this paper, an overview of the existing models is presented. Local measurements of the pressure pulsations, visual flow observations and high quality video recordings from a high speed camera are performed in a novel pump laboratory, which provides the desired visualization of the rotating channels, and allows to study the fluctuating and intermittent nature of this phenomenon, and detect any asymmetry among the channels.
A detailed comparison of the vortex tip structure for various tip clearances and with a whole set of numerical simulations finally completes the analysis.
The three main focus areas are: tip vortex location, structure and evolution, performance comparison between shrouded and open impeller, at different tip clearance sizes, and study of the rotating instabilities.
Thermo-Structural Design of the HEXAFLY-INT Experimental Flight Test Vehicle (EFTV)
Authors: Scigliano Roberto , Carandente Valerio , Favaloro Nunzia , Cardone Salvatore , Steelant Johan 
Published: March 2016

The Hexafly-INT project intends to test in free-flight conditions an innovative gliding vehicle with several breakthrough technologies on-board. This approach will create the basis to gradually increase the readiness level of a consistent number of technologies suitable for high-speed flying systems.
This paper presents a Finite Element thermal analysis of the Experimental Flight Test Vehicle, combining information coming from the flight trajectory, the structural layout, the vehicle aerothermodynamics and the thermal behavior of the preliminarily selected materials in high temperature conditions. Numerical results show the thermal performances of the selected high temperature resistant materials in moderate enthalpy flow conditions and provide fundamental information on the thermal loads to be considered for structural analyses.
Multivariate Analysis of Orthogonal Tube Cutting Forces With 3-D Tool Wear Analysis of AISI 1020 Alloy Steel Using Cold Compressed Air Versus Liquid Nitrogen as Metal Working Fluids
Authors: Chandrasekaran Vishnu Vardhan , Payton Lewis N. , Hunko Wesley S. 
Published: March 2016

The growing cost associated with insurance, handling and disposing of conventional metal working fluids (oil and water based) continues to drive a need for alternative metal working fluids.
An orthogonal tube turning machining experiment on AISI 1020 alloy steel was conducted to study the performance of High Speed Steel (HSS) tool inserts and carbide tool inserts utilizing cold compressed air and liquid nitrogen environments as the metal working fluid of choice The use of both high speed steel and carbide inserts allowed for direct comparison of geometrically identical inserts in customized tool holders that were used to present the tools with the geometrically identical tool rake angle alpha. Tool holder stiffness was therefore common to all tool rake angles compared.
AISI 1020 steel was used because of its commercially dominant availability and usage. Cold cryogenic cooling was selected because of its growing usage in high performance machining applications. The use of cold compressed air has been much less studied in the machining of metals than in the machining of plastics and composites where it is quite commonly used. The comparisons between these two methods represent the first published values comparing the current extremes of gaseous metal working fluid applications in a commercial steel.
This statistically designed experiment produced a large amount of comparative data that focused on the wear of the tools in two different cutting environments allowing for multivariate analysis of variance and regressive curve fitting. The orthogonal tube turning was set up on a conventional two axis HAAS TL-2 CNC tool room lathe. Forces were collected utilizing a standard Kistler force dynamometer to record the force data in X, Y and Z axes. Two levels of uncut chip thickness, 0.002 and 0.004” per revolution were maintained with a constant feed and depth of cut of 0.125” at different tool rake angles of 0°, 7° and 15°, with no chip breaker installed in the tool. Tool rake angles and depth of cuts were selected to ensure maximum statistical power/decisiveness of the experiment. The experiment was carried out for duration of 1 minute while the force data was collected for the entire duration of cut. New tool insert was used for each factor level combination. The traditional force analysis results are provided for an orthogonal tube turning experiment. In addition, all tools were analyzed for 3-dimensional rake face wear using an innovative Keyence white light microscope. Surprisingly, the inexpensive, simple cold compressed air produced less wear than the more expensive liquid nitrogen for all cutting factor level combinations.
A Theoretical and Numerical Study of the Dzhanibekov and Tennis Racket Phenomena
Authors: Murakami Hidenori , Rios Oscar , Impelluso Thomas J. 
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we present complete explanation of the Dzhanibekov phenomenon demonstrated in a space station (www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2o9eBl_Gzw) and the tennis racket phenomenon (www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dqCQqI-Gis). These phenomena are described by Euler’s equation of an unconstrained rigid body that has three distinct values of moments of inertia. In the two phenomena, the rotations of a body about the principal axes that correspond to the largest and the smallest moments of inertia are stable. However, the rotation about the axis corresponding to the intermediate principal moment of inertia becomes unstable, leading to the unexpected rotations that are the basis of the phenomena. If this unexpected rotation is not explained from a complete perspective which accounts for the relevant physical and mathematical aspects, one might misconstrue the phenomena as a violation of the conservation of angular momenta. To address this, especially for students, we investigate the phenomena using more precise mathematical and graphical tools than those employed previously.
Following Élie Cartan [1], we explicitly write the vector basis of a body-attached, moving coordinate system. Using this moving frame method, we describe the Newton and Euler equations. The adoption of the moving coordinate frame expresses the rotation of the body more clearly and allows us to use the Lie group theory of special orthogonal group SO(3).
We integrate the torque-free Euler equation using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Then we apply a recovery equation to obtain the rotation matrix for the body. By combining the geometrical solutions with numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the unexpected rotations observed in the Dzhanibekov and the tennis racket experiments preserve the conservation of angular momentum.
Effect of Solid Solution Temperature on Material Properties and Microstructure of Inconel 718/TiC Composites by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Shi Jing , Wang Yachao , Lu Shiqiang , Wang Yun 
Published: March 2016

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an important additive manufacturing process. It applies focused laser energy to quickly melt and solidify material powders, and a controlled layered operation can result in a free form build that is often out of reach for machining processes. As such, it has attracted much attention in recent years. However, metal components produced by this process often have inferior mechanical properties, as compared with the counterparts by the traditional manufacturing processes. To strengthen the metal components by SLM, adding reinforcement particles and applying post treatment are regarded as the two effective ways. Although adding reinforcement particles to create metal matrix composites has been studied by researchers in literature, much fewer has been done to use post treatment processes to further improve the properties and performance of the metal matrix composites from SLM.
In this study, a nano-TiC reinforced Inconel 718 composite is prepared using SLM technique. The material has 0.5 wt.% nano-TiC addition. Solid solution treatments at three levels of temperature (940, 980, 1020 °C) are carried out to evaluate the effect of the heat treatment methods on the microstructure and resulted mechanical properties of the composite material. The results of samples with and without heat treatment are also compared. SEM observations are carried out to analyze the microstructure of the composite and understand the reinforcing mechanism. Tensile tests are conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the formed composites. It is discovered that compared with the pure Inconel 718 by SLM, the Inconel 718-TiC composite exhibits improved ultimate tensile strength. Microscopy observation of as-built samples indicates that the dendritic structures of Inconel 718 is remarkably refined by the TiC particles. Suspected laves phase particles are observed in as-built Inconel-TiC composite, and they partially transform to large amount of needle-like δ phase during the solid solution treatment.