bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Precision in the Dynamical Core of a Nonhydrostatic Global Atmospheric Model: Evaluation Using a Baroclinic Wave Test Case
Authors: Nakano Masuo , Yashiro Hisashi , Kodama Chihiro , Tomita Hirofumi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Reducing the computational cost of weather and climate simulations would lower electric energy consumption. From the standpoint of reducing costs, the use of reduced precision arithmetic has become an active area of research. Here the impact of using single-precision arithmetic on simulation accuracy is examined by conducting Jablonowski and Williamson’s baroclinic wave tests using the dynamical core of a global fully compressible nonhydrostatic model. The model employs a finite-volume method discretized on an icosahedral grid system and its mesh size is set to 220, 56, 14, and 3.5 km. When double-precision arithmetic is fully replaced by single-precision arithmetic, a spurious wavenumber-5 structure becomes dominant in both hemispheres, rather than the expected baroclinic wave growth only in the Northern Hemisphere. It was found that this spurious wave growth comes from errors in the calculation of gridcell geometrics. Therefore, an additional simulation was conducted using double precision for calculations that only need to be performed for model setup, including calculation of gridcell geometrics, and single precision everywhere else, meaning that all calculations performed each time step used single precision. In this case, the model successfully simulated the growth of the baroclinic wave with only small errors and a 46% reduction in runtime. These results suggest that the use of single-precision arithmetic will allow significant reduction of computational costs in next-generation weather and climate simulations using a fully compressible nonhydrostatic global model with the finite-volume method.
Optical coherence tomography angiography indicates associations of the retinal vascular network and disease activity in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Feucht Nikolaus , Maier Mathias , Lepennetier Gildas , Pettenkofer Moritz , Wetzlmair Carmen , Daltrozzo Tanja , Scherm Pauline , Zimmer Claus , Hoshi Muna-Miriam , Hemmer Bernhard , Korn Thomas , Knier Benjamin 
Published: January 2018

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) may show alterations of retinal layer architecture as measured by optical coherence tomography. Little is known about changes in the retinal vascular network during MS. Objective: To characterize retinal vessel structures in patients with MS and CIS and to test for associations with MS disease activity. Method: In all, 42 patients with MS or CIS and 50 healthy controls underwent retinal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) with analysis of the superficial and deep vascular plexuses and the choriocapillaries. We tested OCT-A parameters for associations with retinal layer volumes, history of optic neuritis (ON), and the retrospective disease activity. Results: Inner retinal layer volumes correlated positively with the density of both the superficial and deep vascular plexuses. Eyes of MS/CIS patients with a history of ON revealed reduced vessel densities of the superficial and deep vascular plexuses as compared to healthy controls. Higher choriocapillary vessel densities were associated with ongoing inflammatory disease activity during 24 months prior to OCT-A examination in MS and CIS patients. Conclusion: Optic neuritis is associated with rarefaction of the superficial and deep retinal vessels. Alterations of the choriocapillaries might be linked to disease activity in MS.
Focus Groups as Social Arenas for the Negotiation of Normativity
Authors: Kristiansen Tine Mechlenborg , Grønkjær Mette 
Published: January 2018

Aim: This article aims to demonstrate how focus group discussions act as a social arena for the negotiation of social norms and normativity and to discuss the implications for the analysis of focus group discussions. Participants and methods: We have used sequences of group interactions from a focus group study on everyday life and chronic illness to demonstrate how methodological tools from conversation analysis and discursive psychology can be used to facilitate a systematic analysis of the negotiation and legitimization of social norms and normativity in focus groups. The empirical data consisted of six focus groups with a total of 32 participants. Results: The analysis demonstrated negotiations on normativity concerning four central aspects related to living with chronic illness: negotiating normativity about adjustment to the disease, negotiating normativity about being a dutiful employee, negotiating normativity about responsibility for the illness, and negotiating normativity about carrying on. Conclusion: Although the role of interaction in focus group data analysis and its impact on the content of the data should always be viewed in relation to the specific study and study focus, based on the analyses, we argue that adding different epistemological and analytical lenses to a data set may produce different, additional, and more complex insights into the research field.
Phylogeny of the popcorn flowers: Use of genome skimming to evaluate monophyly and interrelationships in subtribe Amsinckiinae (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Simpson Michael G. , Guilliams C. Matt , Hasenstab-Lehman Kristen E. , Mabry Makenzie E. , Ripma Lee 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSubtribe Amsinckiinae, currently containing 13 genera and approximately 287 species, is a species‐rich group of the family Boraginaceae. Past studies assessing relationships had a limited sample size and generally weak support. Here we study phylogenetic relationships of Amsinckiinae using a large sample size and considerably more sequence data in order to evaluate the interrelationships of genera and clades within this group. Using high‐throughput, genome skimming sequencing of 139 samples of Amsinckiinae and four outgroup taxa, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of separate plastome, cistron, and mitochondrial datasets are presented. In almost all analyses the common ancestor of the Amsinckiinae gives rise to an Andersonglossum or to an Andersonglossum + Adelinia clade. Most genera, including Amsinckia, Eremocarya, Greeneocharis, Harpagonella, Oreocarya, and Pectocarya, are consistently monophyletic with strong support. Plagiobothrys is confirmed to be non‐monophyletic, composed of three clades conforming to generic sections. Cryptantha is also non‐monophyletic, with most species within a strongly supported Cryptantha s.str. clade, but some nesting within Johnstonella or our Maritimae clade, all with strong support. Although genome skimming verifies the monophyly of many genera and clades of Amsinckiinae, relationships among those clades and along the backbone of the trees remain uncertain, their elucidation possibly a factor of short branch lengths and likely requiring different types of molecular data. Our study may serve as a baseline for future work on the morphology, reproductive biology, and biogeography of the Amsinckiinae.
Is the rate of revision of 36 mm metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasties with Pinnacle acetabular components related to the year of the initial operation?
Authors: Matharu G. S. , Hunt L. P. , Murray D. W. , Howard P. , Pandit H. G. , Blom A. W. , Bolland B. , Judge A. 
Published: January 2018

Aims The aim of this study was to determine whether the rates of revision for metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasties (THAs) with Pinnacle components varied according to the year of the initial operation, and compare these with the rates of revision for other designs of MoM THA. Patients and Methods Data from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales included 36 mm MoM THAs with Pinnacle acetabular components which were undertaken between 2003 and 2012 with follow-up for at least five years (n = 10 776) and a control group of other MoM THAs (n = 13 817). The effect of the year of the primary operation on all-cause rates of revision was assessed using Cox regression and interrupted time-series analysis. Results For MoM THAs involving Pinnacle components, those undertaken between 2007 and 2012 had higher rates of revision compared with those undertaken between 2004 and 2006 (hazard ratio (HR) 2.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.57 to 2.57; p < 0.001). For THAs undertaken during and after 2007, the number of revisions per 1000 implant-years at risk significantly increased by 5.20 (95% CI 0.52 to 9.89; p = 0.033) compared with those undertaken before this time. In the control group, THAs undertaken between 2007 and 2012 also had higher rates of revision (HR 1.77; 95% CI 1.49 to 2.10; p < 0.001), with revisions per 1000 implant-years for those undertaken during and after 2007 significantly increasing by 6.13 (95% CI 1.42 to 10.83; p = 0.016). Conclusion The five-year revision rates were significantly increased for all primary MoM THAs undertaken from 2007 onwards. Contrary to recent reports, this finding was not specific to those involving Pinnacle acetabular components and may be explained by increased surveillance and recent lowering of the threshold for revision. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:33–41.
Evaluation of Viral Genome Copies Within Viral Factories on Different DNA Viruses
Authors: Karalyan Zaven A. , Izmailyan Roza A. , Abroyan Liana O. , Avetisyan Aida S. , Hakobyan Lina A. , Zakaryan Hovakim S. , Karalova Elena M. 
Published: January 2018

Summary This article describes a simple method of measuring the number of viral genomes within viral factories. For this purpose, we use three DNA viruses replicating in the cytoplasm of the infected cells: wild-type African swine fever virus (ASFV)-Georgia 2007, culture-adapted type ASFV-BA71V, and Vaccinia virus (VV). The measurements are conducted in three steps. In the first step, after DNA staining, we evaluate Integrated Optical Density (IOD) of total DNA for each viral factory. The second step involves the calculations of the mass of DNA in the viral factories in picograms (pg). And, in the third step, by dividing the mass of DNA within viral factory by the weight of a single viral genome, we obtain the number of viral genomes within the factory.
Effectiveness of ferric sodium edentate supplementation in children with lead poisoning
Authors: Salendu Praevilia , Masloman Nurhayati , Warouw Sarah M. 
Published: January 2018

Background Lead is a harmful toxin that affects human health worldwide, especially in children. Lead poisoning remains a global problem both in developed and developing countries. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends nutritional intervention with iron supplementation to efficiently control high lead levels. Iron supplementation in the form of sodium ferric ethylene-diaminetera-acetic acid/ ferric sodium edentate (NaFeEDTA) is highly bioavailable.Objective To determine the effectiveness of ferric sodium edentate (NaFeEDTA) on lead levels in children woaj ;ead [pospmomg.Methods This interventional, analytical study, had a one group pretest-posttest design, and was done on children in four elementary schools in the Talawaan District, North Minahasa Regency from August to November 2014. Inclusion criteria were elementary students aged 6-9 years with lead poisoning (lead levels ≥ 10 μg/dL) and good nutritional status. Subjects were given NaFeEDTA 115.4 mg (15 mg elemental iron) at a dosage of 3 mg/kgBW/day elemental iron given between meal times. Iron supplementation was given daily per oral route for 12 weeks. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the characteristics of the study sample. Pre- and post-test analyses were done with paired T-tests. Significance level was P <0.05.Results In this study, 39 children met the inclusion criteria and consisted of 19 boys and 20 girls. Their mean age was 8.43 (SD 0.44) years. Pre-test and post-test blood lead levels was 36.18 μg/dL and 5.22 μg/dL, respectively.There was a significant reduction in mean blood lead levels after administration of NaFeEDTA (P <0.0001).Conclusion In children with lead poisoning, blood lead levels are significantly reduced after 12 weeks of NaFeEDTA supplementation.
Effects of Nigella sativa oil on Th1/Th2, cytokine balance, and improvement of asthma control in children
Authors: Barlianto Wisnu , Rachmawati Maria , Irawan Muhammad , Wulandari Desy 
Published: January 2018

Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by involvement of a variety of inflammatory cells. Asthma is associated with imbalances between Th1/Th2 cells and their characteristic cytokine profiles. Nigella sativa is a plant that possesses immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.Objective To investigate the potential anti-asthmatic effect of Nigella sativa oil on Th1/Th2 cells, IFN-ɣ/IL-4 cytokines, and improvement of asthma control.Methods Children aged 6-15 years with asthma in Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, were enrolled in this study. All patients were treated based on standard treatment guidelines for asthma. Nigella sativa oil (NSO) was given per oral as supplementary treatment at a dose of 15-30 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks, in a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial. Peripheral Th1 and Th2 cells were counted by flow cytometry and IFN-ɣ and IL-4 cytokines were measured by ELISA. Improvement of asthma control was assessed by the asthma control test (ACT) score.Results Twenty-eight patients completed the study, 14 in the NSO treatment group and 14 in standard treatment group. No significant differences were found in the number of Th1 and Th2 cells, or in the Th1/Th2 ratio between groups after treatment (P=0.074, P=0.481, and P=0.265, respectively). Compared to the control, the NSO group showed a significant elevation of IFN-ɣ (P=0.046) and reduction of IL-4 (P=0.002). At the end of study, ACT score was not significantly different between groups (P=0.413).Conclusion Supplementation with Nigella sativa oil improves IFN-ɣ/IL-4 balance and asthma control in children with asthma.
Effect of community-based food supplementation on improving growth of underweight children under five years of age in West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Pulungan Aman Bhakti , Mirasanti Dini A. 
Published: January 2018

Background The prevalence of underweight children in West Nusa Tenggara is as high as 30%. This region had the third largest number of stunted children in the country. The local government has attempted to tackle this problem by providing supplementary food to underweight children.Objective To assess the success of the community-based food supplementation program onimproving children’s growth in West Nusa Tenggara.Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study for 10 months in Paruga District Primary Health Care Unit, Bima, West Nusa Tenggara, in year 2012. Children were given supplementary food according to the Ministry of Health’s guidelines, consisting of formula milk, high calorie biscuits, and a 60-day supply of eggs, estimated to be sufficient to normalize their weights, for their age and sex. A child’s weight and height were measured every 3 months and the results plotted on WHO growth charts for weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height (nutritional status). Z-score <-3 SD was classified as severely underweight, severely stunted, or severely wasted, respectively; Z-score between -2 and -3 SD was classified as underweight, stunted, or wasted, respectively; and Z–score >-2 SD was classified as normal for all three categories.Results Twenty-five children under five years of age participated in this study. Subjects’ median age was 29 months. None of the subjects had normal weight-for-age Z-score at the beginning of the study. Eighty-four percent (21/25) of the subjects were severely underweight. Only 8% (2/25) of the subjects had normal height-for-age Z-score and 88% (22/25) of them were severely stunted. However, 80% (20/25) of subjects had normal nutritional status (weight-for-height). Changes in weight-for-age Z-score varied throughout the study. The highest median score was in the tenth month of follow up (-3.82). The highest median height-for-age score and weight-for-height score were also in the last month of follow up. At the end of the study, only one subject had normal weight-for-age score (4%) and none of the subjects had normal height-for-age scores. Conclusion The 10-month supplementary food program for under-five children in the Paruga District is not successful in improving body weight and height.
Zjawisko lęku językowego w procesie nauki języka niemieckiego
Authors: Bawej Izabela 
Published: January 2018

The article discusses the problem of language anxiety in foreign language learning. The author presents definitions and typologies anxiety,the biological symptoms of anxiety and their interpretation. A research study, conducted on a group of students of Applied Linguistics is described. The investigation included if they are afraid of speaking in German classes and during the exam, or if they are afraid of their German teacher. The results of the study show that communication apprehension, test anxiety, social anxiety, final grades, attitude to the teacher, and self-assessment are some of the reasons for language anxiety in the foreign language learning process.
POLITICAL THEORY'S IMAGINATION. A FEW REMARKS ON WIKTOR MARZEC BOOK
Authors: Ozimek Magdalena 
Published: January 2018

Social sciences, understood as critical and not neutral by nature, they should be equipped with specific competencies and sensivity. C. W. Mills these comptence define as sociological imagination – which is study of the relationship of history and biography, Giddens interpreted it as three basic senses: historical, anthropological, critical. The translation into political science would be a political theories imagination, it consist,, among over things like a: historicity of political phenomena, antisubstansialism, research self-awareness. Definition of political theories imagination I propose in the context of Wiktor Marzec’s paper Rebelion and Reaction, which is a study from field of historical sociology, it’s in itself a lot of inspiration for theorists of politics: research, theoretical and methodological. It is worth considering – in this context – fundamental categories of political science, like political subjectivity and the political, also revalidate in their range.
WPROWADZENIE DO PEDAGOGIKI PORÓWNAWCZEJ. TEORIA I PRAKTYKA EUROPEJSKA
Authors: Śliwerski Bogusław 
Published: January 2018

Recenzja książki autorstwa Jiř (2013). Wprowadzenie do pedagogiki porównawczej. Teoria i praktyka europejska. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy ERICA, ss. 282.
No additional value of conventional and high-sensitivity cardiac
troponin over clinical scoring systems in the differential diagnosis of type 1
vs. type 2 myocardial infarction
Authors: Consuegra-Sánchez Luciano , Martínez-Díaz Juan José , de Guadiana-Romualdo Luis García , Wasniewski Samantha , Esteban-Torrella Patricia , Clavel-Ruipérez Francisco Guillermo , Bardají Alfredo , Castillo-Moreno Juan Antonio , Kaski Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background:
The distinction of type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) is of major
clinical importance. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of
absolute and relative conventional cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and
high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in the distinction between
type 1 and type 2 MI in patients presenting at the emergency department with
non-ST-segment elevation acute chest pain within the first 12 h.

Methods:
We measured cTnI (Dimension Vista) and hs-cTnT (Cobas e601) concentrations at
presentation and after 4 h in 200 patients presenting with suspected acute
MI. The final diagnosis, based on standard criteria, was adjudicated by two
independent cardiologists.

Results:
One hundred and twenty-five patients (62.5%)were classified as type 1 MI and
75 (37.5%) were type 2 MI. In a multivariable setting, age (relative risk
[RR]=1.43, p=0.040), male gender (RR=2.22, p=0.040), T-wave inversion
(RR=8.51, p<0.001), ST-segment depression (RR=8.71, p<0.001)
and absolute delta hs-cTnT (RR=2.10, p=0.022) were independently associated
with type 1 MI. In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the
discriminatory power of absolute delta cTnI and hs-cTnT was significantly
higher compared to relative c-TnI and hs-cTnT changes. The additive
information provided by cTnI and hs-cTnT over and above the information
provided by the “clinical” model was only marginal.

Conclusions:
The diagnostic information provided by serial measurements of conventional or
hs-cTnT is not better than that yielded by a simple clinical scoring model.
Absolute changes are more informative than relative troponin changes.
Short- and medium-term biological variation estimates of red blood cell and reticulocyte parameters in healthy subjects
Authors: Buoro Sabrina , Carobene Anna , Seghezzi Michela , Manenti Barbara , Dominoni Paola , Pacioni Aurelio , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Ottomano Cosimo , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background:
The integrated evaluation of traditional and innovative red blood cell (RBC) and reticulocyte parameters is a rapid, inexpensive and non-invasive diagnostic tools for differential diagnosis and follow-up of anemia and other pathological conditions needing bone marrow erythropoiesis assessment. Therefore, estimating the biological variation (BV) of these parameters is essential for evaluating the analytical performance of hematological analyzers, and for enabling accurate data interpretation and appropriate clinical management. This study aims to define short- and medium-term BV estimates and reference change value (RCV) of RBC and reticulocyte parameters.

Methods:
Twenty-one healthy volunteers participated in the assessment of medium-term BV (blood sampling once/week, five consecutive weeks) and 22 volunteers in the assessment of short-term BV (blood sampling once/day, five consecutive days) using Sysmex XN. Outlier analysis was performed before CV-ANOVA, to determine BV estimates with confidence intervals (CI).

Results:
Medium- and short-term within-subject BV were between 0.3% and 16.4% and 0.2%–10.4% (MCH and IRF), respectively, whereas medium and short-term between-subjects BV ranged between 0.9% and 66.6% (MCHC and Micro-R) and 1.4%–43.6% (MCHC and IRF), respectively. The RCVs were similar for all parameters in both arms of the study, except for hemoglobin, RDW-CV and MCV.

Conclusions:
This study allowed for estimating the BV of many RBC and reticulocyte parameters, some of which have not been currently explored. For RBC, hemoglobin, RDW-CV and MCV it seems advisable to use RCV calculated according to monitoring time and/or differentiated by sex. As regards analytical goals, we suggest using the most stringent targets found in the short-term arm of this study.
Bishops, Baby-Killers and Broken Teeth: Psalm 58 and the Air War
Authors: Mein Andrew 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Do the imprecatory psalms authorize reprisal attacks against civilian targets? This question was at the heart of a controversy that arose in Britain during July 1917, which brought together the unlikely combination of the German bombing campaign and the Church of England’s process of liturgical reform. When a meeting of the Canterbury Convocation approved the removal of Psalm 58 and several other imprecatory psalms, there was an immediate stir in the Press. This public debate about Convocation’s decision offers a valuable window through which we can discern the ongoing vitality of British biblical culture during the First World War.