bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel polymer composite having diamond particles and boron nitride platelets for thermal management of electric vehicle motors
Authors: Nakajima Anri , Shoji Atsushi , Yonemori Kei , Seo Nobuhide 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Thermal conductivities of silicone matrix polymers including fillers of diamond particles and/or hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) platelets were systematically investigated in an attempt to find a thermal interface material (TIM) having high isotropic thermal conductivity and high electrical insulating ability to enable efficient heat dissipation from the motor coil ends of electric vehicles. The TIM with mixed fillers of diamond particles and h-BN platelets had a maximum thermal conductivity of 6.1 W m−1 K−1 that was almost isotropic. This is the highest value among the thermal conductivities of TIMs with silicone matrix polymer reported to date. The mechanism behind the thermal conductivity of the TIMs was also examined from the viewpoint of the change in the number of thermally conductive networks and/or a decrease in the thermal resistivity of junctions of neighboring diamond particles through the incorporation of h-BN platelets. The TIMs developed in this study will make it possible to manage the heat of electric motors and will help to popularize electric vehicles.
Improvement of on/off ratio in organic field-effect transistor with carrier generation layer using oblique deposition
Authors: Tamura Hidetsugu , Minagawa Masahiro , Baba Akira , Shinbo Kazunari , Kato Keizo , Kaneko Futao 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Improvement of the on/off ratio in carrier-generation type organic field-effect transistors with pentacene and MoO3 layers was attempted using oblique deposition. A MoO3 layer was formed only between the gold (Au) source and the drain electrodes, and devices with a MoO3 layer evaporated under various deposition angles were fabricated. A formation of a MoO3-free area is expected adjacent to the source or drain electrode by the oblique deposition. The off-current in the device decreased and the on/off ratio was increased with increasing deposition angle, and we achieved a fabricating device with a MoO3 layer having high on/off ratio, almost the same as that of the device without the MoO3 layer. From those results, we deduced that charge-transfer (CT) complexes at the pentacene/MoO3 interface formed a high-conductive path for the off-current, and the off-current was reduced by the formation of a highly-resistive MoO3-free area between electrodes. Therefore, controlling the CT complex layer formation by patterning the MoO3 layer can reduce the amount of off-current and improve the on/off ratio.
Communitarian therapy and nursing: the phenomenon and its context
Authors: Rangel Clara Tavares , Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de , Oliveira Kalyane Kelly Duarte de 
Published: January 2016

Objetivo: analisar contextualmente o fenômeno da prática da enfermagem a partir da Terapia Comunitária Integrativa pela sumarização das produções brasileiras. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa associada ao referencial teórico de Hinds, Chaves e Cypress para discutir o fenômeno a partir de seus contextos. Resultados: Emergiram-se contextos sobre a atuação da enfermagem na Terapia Comunitária Integrativa, a Implantação das práticas complementares e integrativas, a Produção do conhecimento sobre essa terapia e a proposta de paradigma emergente. Conclusão: A aplicação da Terapia Comunitária Integrativa surge como uma das novas práticas de atuação dos profissionais de saúde diante da vivência da nova proposta paradigmática, o que requer romper com o modelo da ciência moderna focada no biologicismo, desconstrução de percepção e formulação de novas formas de pensar.
A comparison of long‐term changes in seismicity at The Geysers, Salton Sea, and Coso geothermal fields
Authors: Trugman Daniel T. , Shearer Peter M. , Borsa Adrian A. , Fialko Yuri 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGeothermal energy is an important source of renewable energy, yet its production is known to induce seismicity. Here we analyze seismicity at the three largest geothermal fields in California: The Geysers, Salton Sea, and Coso. We focus on resolving the temporal evolution of seismicity rates, which provides important observational constraints on how geothermal fields respond to natural and anthropogenic loading. We develop an iterative, regularized inversion procedure to partition the observed seismicity rate into two components: (1) the interaction rate due to earthquake‐earthquake triggering and (2) the smoothly varying background rate controlled by other time‐dependent stresses, including anthropogenic forcing. We apply our methodology to compare long‐term changes in seismicity to monthly records of fluid injection and withdrawal. At The Geysers, we find that the background seismicity rate is highly correlated with fluid injection, with the mean rate increasing by approximately 50% and exhibiting strong seasonal fluctuations following construction of the Santa Rosa pipeline in 2003. In contrast, at both Salton Sea and Coso, the background seismicity rate has remained relatively stable since 1990, though both experience short‐term rate fluctuations that are not obviously modulated by geothermal plant operation. We also observe significant temporal variations in Gutenberg‐Richter b value, earthquake magnitude distribution, and earthquake depth distribution, providing further evidence for the dynamic evolution of stresses within these fields. The differing field‐wide responses to fluid injection and withdrawal may reflect differences in in situ reservoir conditions and local tectonics, suggesting that a complex interplay of natural and anthropogenic stressing controls seismicity within California's geothermal fields.
Investigating the spread in surface albedo for snow‐covered forests in CMIP5 models
Authors: Wang Libo , Cole Jason N. S. , Bartlett Paul , Verseghy Diana , Derksen Chris , Brown Ross , von Salzen Knut 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the role of leaf/plant area index (LAI/PAI) specification on the large spread of winter albedo simulated by climate models. To examine the sensitivity of winter albedo to LAI, we perform a sensitivity analysis using two methods commonly used to compute albedo in snow‐covered forests as well as diagnostic calculations within version 4.2 of the Canadian Atmospheric Model for which PAI is systematically varied. The results show that the simulated albedo is very sensitive to negative PAI biases, especially for smaller PAI values. The LAI and surface albedo of boreal forests in the presence of snow simulated by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models are evaluated using satellite observations. The evaluation of CMIP5 models suggest that inaccurate tree cover fraction due to improper plant functional type specification or erroneous LAI parameterization in some models explains, in part, an observed positive bias in winter albedo over boreal forest regions of the Northern Hemisphere. This contributes to a large intermodel spread in simulated surface albedo in the presence of snow over these regions and is largely responsible for uncertainties in simulated snow‐albedo feedback strength. Errors are largest (+20–40%) in models with large underestimation of LAI but are typically within ±15% when simulated LAI is within the observed range. This study underscores the importance of accurate representation of vegetation distribution and parameters in realistic simulation of surface albedo.
Uncertainty in future projections of the North Pacific subtropical high and its implication for California winter precipitation change
Authors: Choi Jung , Lu Jian , Son Seok‐Woo , Frierson Dargan M. W. , Yoon Jin‐Ho 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study examines future projections of sea level pressure change in the North Pacific and its impact on winter precipitation changes in California. The multimodel analysis, based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 models under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario, shows a robust sea level pressure change in the late 21st century over the western North Pacific in which both the Aleutian Low and the North Pacific subtropical high (NPSH) shift poleward in concert with a widening of the Hadley cell. This change is partly explained by a systematic increase of static stability in the subtropics. Despite its robustness, the projected NPSH changes over the eastern North Pacific exhibit a substantial intermodel spread, contributing as a cause for uncertain projections of precipitation changes in California. This intermodel spread in the eastern North Pacific is associated with a Pacific Decadal Oscillation‐like surface temperature change in the western North Pacific and the resulting meridional temperature gradient change. This study points to a major source of uncertainty for the response of winter precipitation to global warming over the West Coast of North America: atmosphere‐ocean coupling in the North Pacific.
The attachment process of rocket‐triggered lightning dart‐stepped leaders
Authors: Hill J. D. , Uman M. A. , Jordan D. M. , Ngin T. , Gamerota W. R. , Pilkey J. , Caicedo J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTime‐correlated 1.54 µs high‐speed video frames, channel‐base current and current derivative (dI/dt), and electric field derivative (dE/dt) measurements are used to analyze the attachment process of triggered lightning dart‐stepped leaders. Lengths, speeds, and durations of the upward‐connecting positive leaders propagating from the launching structure are measured and calculated. The “leader burst” occurring immediately preceding the dE/dt slow front is demonstrated to be a distinctly different process from the preceding downward dart‐stepped leader steps and is associated with the fast increase in channel‐base current due to the initial interactions of the downward and upward leader streamer zones. Locations of the leader burst pulses are found to occur within or immediately above the connection region. Pulses superimposed on the dE/dt slow front are shown to occur after the initial connection between the downward and upward leaders and are associated with kiloampere‐scale increases in the channel‐base current. Subsequent fast‐transition pulses are found to produce multiple kiloampere‐scale increases in the channel‐base current. Observed time delays between dE/dt and dI/dt peaks for slow front and fast‐transition pulses confirm the existence of an elevated junction point between the downward and upward leaders. Average downward current wave speeds for fast‐transition pulses are found to be a factor of 2 to 2.5 faster than those for slow‐front pulses. For 51 dart‐stepped leader events, the average total duration of the attachment process, starting with the initial fast current increase and ending with the peak of the final dI/dt fast‐transition pulse, is measured to be 1.77 µs.
Origin of the Ability of α‐Fe2O3 Mesopores to Activate C−H Bonds in Methane
Authors: Dong Bing , Han Zhen , Zhang Yongbo , Yu Youyi , Kong Aiguo , Shan Yongkui 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMethane is a most abundant and inexpensive hydrocarbon feedstock for the production of chemicals and fuels. However, it is extremely difficult to directly convert methane to higher hydrocarbons because the C−H bonds in methane are the most stable C−H bonds of all hydrocarbons. The activation of the C−H bonds in methane by using an efficient and mild route remains a daunting challenge. Here, we show that the inner surface structures of the pore walls in mesoporous α‐Fe2O3 possess excellent catalytic performance for methane activation and convert C−H bonds into the C−O bonds in an O2 atmosphere at 140 °C. We found that such unusual structures are mainly comprised of turbostratic ribbons and K crystal faces and have higher catalytic activity than the (110) plane. These results are without precedent in the history of catalysis chemistry and will provide a new pathway for designing and preparing highly efficient catalytic materials.
Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies on Surfaces: Reactivity Tuning through Capping‐Layer and Cross‐Linker Design
Authors: Shankar Sreejith , Orbach Meital , Kaminker Revital , Lahav Michal , van der Boom Milko E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe immobilization of metal nanoparticles (NPs) with molecular control over their organization is challenging. Herein, we report the formation of molecularly cross‐linked AuNP assemblies using a layer‐by‐layer approach. We observed four types of assemblies: 1) small aggregates of individual AuNPs, 2) large aggregates of individual AuNPs, 3) networks of fused AuNPs, and 4) gold islands. Interestingly, these assemblies with the different cross‐linkers and capping layers represent different stages in the complete fusion of AuNPs to afford islands of continuous gold. We demonstrate that the stability toward fusion of the nanoparticles of the on‐surface structures can be controlled by the reactivity of the cross‐linkers and the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the nanoparticles.
Magnetic and Electrochemical Properties of a TEMPO‐Substituted Disulfide Diradical in Solution, in the Crystal, and on a Surface
Authors: Lloveras Vega , Badetti Elena , Wurst Klaus , Chechik Victor , Veciana Jaume , Vidal‐Gancedo José 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA study of the magnetic and electrochemical properties of a TEMPO‐substituted disulfide diradical in three different environments was carried out: in solution, in the crystal, and as a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) on an Au(111) substrate, and the relationship between them was explored. In solution, this flexible diradical shows a strong spin‐exchange interaction between the two nitroxide functions that depends on the temperature and solvent. Structural, dynamic, and thermodynamic information has been extracted from the EPR spectra of this dinitroxide. The magnetic interactions in the crystal include intra‐ and intermolecular contributions, which have been studied separately and shown to be antiferromagnetic in both cases. Finally, we demonstrate that both the magnetic and electrochemical properties are preserved upon chemisorption of the diradical on a gold surface. The resulting SAM displayed anisotropic magnetic properties, and angle‐resolved EPR spectra of the monocrystal allowed a rough determination of the orientation of the molecules in the SAM.
Squalyl Crown Ether Self‐Assembled Conjugates: An Example of Highly Selective Artificial K+ Channels
Authors: Sun Zhanhu , Gilles Arnaud , Kocsis Istvan , Legrand Yves‐Marie , Petit Eddy , Barboiu Mihail 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe natural KcsA K+ channel, one of the best‐characterized biological pore structures, conducts K+ cations at high rates while excluding Na+ cations. The KcsA K+ channel is of primordial inspiration for the design of artificial channels. Important progress in improving conduction activity and K+/Na+ selectivity has been achieved with artificial ion‐channel systems. However, simple artificial systems exhibiting K+/Na+ selectivity and mimicking the biofunctions of the KcsA K+ channel are unknown. Herein, an artificial ion channel formed by H‐bonded stacks of squalyl crown ethers, in which K+ conduction is highly preferred to Na+ conduction, is reported. The K+‐channel behavior is interpreted as arising from discreet stacks of dimers resulting in the formation of oligomeric channels, in which transport of cations occurs through macrocycles mixed with dimeric carriers undergoing dynamic exchange within the bilayer membrane. The present highly K+‐selective macrocyclic channel can be regarded as a biomimetic alternative to the KcsA channel.
Charge‐Transfer‐Induced Fluorescence Quenching of Anthracene Derivatives and Selective Detection of Picric Acid
Authors: Santra Dines Chandra , Bera Manas Kumar , Sukul Pradip Kumar , Malik Sudip 
Published: January 2016

Abstract2,6‐Divinylpyridine‐appended anthracene derivatives flanked by two alkyl chains at the 9,10‐position of the core have been designed, synthesized, and characterized by NMR, MALDI‐TOF, FTIR, and single‐crystal XRD. These anthracene derivatives are able to recognize picric acid (2,4,6‐trinitrophenol, PA) selectively down to parts per billion (ppb) level in aqueous as well as nonaqueous medium. Fluorescence emission of these derivatives in solution is significantly quenched by adding trace amounts of PA, even in the presence of other competing analogues, such as 2,4‐dinitrophenol (2,4‐DNP), 4‐nitrophenol (NP), nitrobenzene (NB), benzoic acid (BA), and phenol (PH). The high sensitivity of these derivatives toward PA is considered as a combined effect of the proton‐induced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) as well as electron transfer from the electron‐rich anthracene to the electron‐deficient PA. Moreover, visual detection of PA has been successfully demonstrated in the solid state by using different substrates.
Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates Catalysed by Chromium and Aluminium Salphen Complexes
Authors: Castro‐Osma José A. , North Michael , Wu Xiao 
Published: January 2016

AbstractChromium and aluminium salphen complexes have been found to display remarkable catalytic activity in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from a range of epoxides and carbon dioxide. The Al(salphen) complex is more reactive towards terminal epoxides at ambient temperature and pressure, whereas the Cr(salphen) complex exhibits higher catalytic activity towards more challenging internal epoxides at elevated temperature and pressure.
Serendipitous Observation of AlI Insertion into a C−O Bond in L2PhB (L=Oxazol‐2‐ylidene)
Authors: Kong Lingbing , Ganguly Rakesh , Li Yongxin , Kinjo Rei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOxidative addition of the C−O bond in L2PhB: (L=oxazol‐2‐ylidene) to an AlI center induced ring expansion of an oxazol‐2‐ylidene ring, affording a unique organoboron species formally involving either an Al, N, O mixed heterocyclic carbene or anionic (amino)(boryl)carbene fragment.
Combining the Advantages of Tetrazoles and 1,2,3‐Triazoles: 4,5‐Bis(tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazole, 4,5‐Bis(1‐hydroxytetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazole, and their Energetic Derivatives
Authors: Dippold Alexander A. , Izsák Dániel , Klapötke Thomas M. , Pflüger Carolin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn the development of new energetic materials, the main challenge is the combination of high energy content with chemical and mechanical stability, two properties that are often contradictory. In this study, the syntheses and comprehensive characterizations of 4,5‐bis(tetrazole‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazole and the novel 4,5‐bis(1‐hydroxytetrazole‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazole, as well as their energetic properties, are presented, combining the advantages of the more energetic tetrazole and the more stable 1,2,3‐triazole rings. Nitrogen‐rich salts of both compounds were synthesized to investigate their detonation performances and combustion behavior calculated by computer codes for potential application in erosion‐reduced gun propellant mixtures due to their high nitrogen content. The structures of several of the compounds were studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and, especially in the case of 4,5‐bis(tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazole, revealed the site of deprotonation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Mixed Metal(III) Tungstenyl(VI) ortho‐Pyrophosphates.
Authors: Roy S. C. , Raguz B. , Assenmacher W. , Glaum R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMIII(WVIO2)2 (P2O7)(PO4) (M: Sc, V, Cr, Fe, Mo, Ru, Rh, In, Ir) are obtained via vapor phase moderated solid state reactions of P4O10, WVOPO4, β‐VOPO4, and trivalent transition metal phosphates using PtCl2 as mineralizer and Cl2 source (evacuated silica tubes, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Raman Scattering Characterization of Cu2Fe1‐xCoxSnS4 Chalcogenide Compounds.
Authors: Lopez‐Vergara F. , Galdamez A. , Manriquez V. , Gonzalez Guillermo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPolycrystalline Cu2Fe1‐xCoxSnS4 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) solid solutions are prepared by solid state reaction of the elements in stoichiometric amounts (evacuated quartz tubes, 850 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Drastic Change of Electrical Conductivity in Pr2CuO4 by Isovalent La Doping.
Authors: Kolchina L. M. , Lyskov N. V. , Kazakov S. M. , Mazo G. N. , Antipov E. V. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPolycrystalline samples of Pr2‐xLaxCuO4.+‐.δ (x = 0—0.3) are prepared by firing La2O3, Pr6O11, and CuO in air (alumina crucible, 1000 °C, 50 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Interactions in the Double Perovskites R2NiMnO6 (R: Tb, Ho, Er, Tm) Investigated by Neutron Diffraction.
Authors: Retuerto Maria , Munoz Angel , Martinez‐Lope Maria Jesus , Alonso Jose Antonio , Mompean Federico J. , Fernandez‐Diaz Maria Teresa , Sanchez‐Benitez Javier 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe title perovskites (obtained from citrate precursors at 900 °C for 12 h) are characterized by XRD, neutron powder diffraction, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Diamagnetic Ru2+ in Na2La2Ti2RuO10—x (0 < x < 2): A Series of Complex Oxides Prepared by Topochemical Reduction.
Authors: Pratt Jacob A. , Shepherd Ashley M. , Hayward Michael A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe title oxides are prepared via topochemical reduction of Na2La2Ti2RuO10 in 5% H2/95% N2 (300—900 °C, 6—72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasonic‐Assisted One‐Pot Preparation of ZnO/Ag3VO4 Nanocomposites for Efficiently Degradation of Organic Pollutants under Visible‐Light Irradiation.
Authors: Kiantazh Fariba , Habibi‐Yangjeh Aziz 
Published: January 2016

AbstractZnO/Ag3VO4 nanocomposites with varying mole fractions of Ag3VO4 are prepared by addition of aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Rearrangement of 2,3‐Diaryl‐1‐phthalimidoaziridines.
Authors: Pankova Alena S. , Sorokina Mariia V. , Kuznetsov Mikhail A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract2,3‐Diaryl‐1‐phthalimidoaziridines and 2,3‐diaryl‐1‐phthalimidoaziridine‐2‐carbonitriles are found to readily undergo thermal rearrangement into imines via 1,2‐migration of the phthalimido group and accompanying C—C bond cleavage.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Selective α‐Fluorination of Carbonyl Compounds (Ketones, 1,3‐Diketones, β‐Ketoesters, α‐Nitroketones, and β‐Ketonitriles) with Selectfluor (F‐TEDA‐BF4) in Imidazolium ILs [BMIM/PF6 or BMIM/NTf2] with Broensted‐Acidic IL [PMIM(SO3H)/OTf] as Promoter.
Authors: Reddy A. Srinivas , Laali Kenneth K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe ionic liquid solvent [bmim]PF6 is recycled and reused in four additional reactions while providing slightly decreasing reaction yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Mukaiyama Reagent/NaNO2/Wet SiO2 as a Mild and Heterogeneous Reagent System for the N‐Nitrosation of Amines and Preparation of Azides from Hydrazines.
Authors: Azadi Roya , Kolivand Khatereh 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe simple protocol allows the nitrosation under mild conditions to give nitrosamines and azides in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: PdII‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Amination of Unactivated C(sp3)—H Bonds.
Authors: Gou Quan , Liu Gang , Liu Zi‐Ning , Qin Jun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis is the first Pd‐catalyzed intermolecular amination of unactivated C(sp3)—H bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Radical C—C Bond Cleavage of N—H Ketimines.
Authors: Tnay Ya Lin , Ang Gim Yean , Chiba Shunsuke 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe title process is applied for the synthesis of oxaspirocyclohexadienones as well as in the electrophilic cyanation of Grignard reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: NiCl2·6H2O: An Efficient Catalyst Precursor for Phosphine‐Free Heck and Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Nowrouzi Najmeh , Zarei Marjan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn efficient and simple protocol for the Heck reaction of aryl halides using NiCl2·6H2O as the pre‐catalyst is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Retentive Domino Transmetalations of Secondary Alkyllithium Compounds to Functionalized Secondary Alkylcopper Reagents.
Authors: Moriya Kohei , Simon Meike , Mose Rasmus , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe title sequence follows the conditions A)—D) where the starting substrates have a defined stereochemistry with a high d.e.