bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emission characterisation of motorcycles and the potential of co-benefits from selected development scenarios in the urban ecosystem of Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Tran Hien , Trung Dung Nghiem , Hoang Ngoc Khue Vu , Thoai Tam Nguyen , Ngoc Thao Nguyen Nguyen , Quoc Bang Ho 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Motorcycles are the largest proportion of transport in Hanoi. This study focuses on the emission characteristics and initially evaluates the potential co-benefits of low emission zones (LEZ) applied to motorcycles in Hanoi. The International Vehicle Emissions (IVE) model was designed by the U.S. EPA to calculate emissions from motor vehicles and was used to find the emission factor, the important index for emission characteristics of motorcycle activities, in Hanoi. This study surveyed motorcycle technologies and activities in Hanoi with questionnaires, collected data from GPS devices, and counted traffic flow through video cameras and collaborators teams from 2021 to 2023. EFs for the typical pollutants and GHGs of motorcycles in Hanoi were determined. During running, EFruning is 0.053g/km with PM, 4.8 g/km for CO, 0.006 g/km for SO2, 0.13 g/km NOx, CO2 is 72.55 g/km and CH4 is 0.24 g/km, respectively. When starting, EFstart-up is 0.12 g/time with PM, CO is 12.24 g/time, SO2 is 0.0007 g/time, NOx is 1.05 g/time, CO2 is 6.96 g/time, CH4 is 0.53 g/time and N2O is 0.0009 g/time, respectively. Using the EMISENS model, inventory emissions were calculated at tier 3 for this source via the Bottom-up approach. The EMISENS model calculates emissions resulting from traffic, developed by Bang Ho et al in 2010 uses input data related to traffic activities and three emission factors found from the IVE model to calculate the emissions. The total emissions from motorcycle operations in Hanoi are approximately 5.3 thousand tons of PM and 4.6 million tons of CO2e. The proposed LEZ solution for motorcycles brings climate co-benefits of reducing 1.62 million tons CO2e in scenario 1 - limiting all day and 563.2 thousand tons CO2e in scenario 2 – limit operations from 3:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. in 2025. Co-benefits on the environment corresponding to the two scenarios with PM are 1990 and 692 tons. Reducing motorcycle operations during 5 peak hours at LEZ can reduce total emissions from motorcycles in Hanoi by 12%. Meanwhile, the proposed 24-hour LEZ for motorcycles in the area has the potential to reduce GHGs by 35%. These results show that reducing emissions from motorcycles brings climate and environmental co-benefits.
Sand dunes Groundwater Quality in the context of Climate Change: A Case Study of Phao Dai Hamlet, Tien Giang, Vietnam
Authors: Van Lam Giang , Van Tran Bao , Phuoc Ho Thanh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Climate change is currently the main cause for deteriorating freshwater sources worldwide. It has raised sea levels and fluctuated rainfall over the years, causing salinity intrusion among coastal areas. Therefore, sand dunes, one of the primary freshwater sources formed by depositing alluvium at higher sea level altitudes, have been affected by climate change. This study focused on the impact of climate conditions on the freshwater supply in these potential areas. Fifteen groundwater samples from 06 dug wells in Phao Dao hamlet, Tien Giang province, Vietnam, were collected monthly from August 2016 to March 2017 to be analyzed at the Institute of Coastal and Offshore Engineering (ICOE). The results showed that most of the nutrient-related analyzed parameters were within the thresholds of QCVN 09 – MT: 2015/BTNMT for groundwater use and QCVN 01:2009/ BYT for drinking water quality, but not salinity-related parameters. In addition, salinity, CaCO3, and TDS unpredictably fluctuated depending on the seasons and lowered from the coastal to inland areas.
Monte Carlo investigation of the nucleus size effect and cell’s oxygen content on the damage efficiency of protons
Authors: Mokari Mojtaba , Moeini Hossein , Eslamifar Mina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Living tissues could suffer different types of DNA damage as a result of being exposed to ionizing radiations. Monte Carlo simulations of the underlying interactions have been instrumental in predicting the damage types and the processes involved. In this work, we employed Geant4-DNA and MCDS for extracting the initial DNA damage and investigating the dependence of damage efficiency on the cell’s oxygen content. The frequency-mean lineal (

y
¯

F

) and specific (

z
¯

F

) energies were derived for a spherical volume of water of various diameters between 2 and 11.1 μm. This sphere would serve as the nucleus of a cell of 100 μm diameter, engulfed by a homogeneous beam of protons. These microdosimetric quantities were calculated assuming spherical samples of 1 μm diameter in MCDS. The simulation results showed that for 230 MeV protons, an increase in the oxygen content from 0 by 10% raised the frequency of single- and double-strand breaks and lowered the base damage frequency. The resulting damage frequencies appeared to be independent of nucleus diameter. For proton energies between 2 and 230 MeV,

y
¯

F

showed no dependence on the cell diameter and an increase of the cell size resulted in a decrease in

z
¯

F

.

An increase in the proton energy slowed down the decreasing rate of

z
¯

F

as a function of nucleus diameter. However, the ratio of

y
¯

F

values corresponding to two proton energies of choice showed no dependence on the nucleus size and were equal to the ratio of the corresponding

z
¯

F

values. Furthermore, the oxygen content of the cell did not affect these microdosimetric quantities. Contrary to damage frequencies, these quantities appeared to depend only on direct interactions due to deposited energies. Our calculations showed the near independence of DNA damages on the nucleus size of the human cells. The probabilities of different types of single and double-strand breaks increase with the oxygen content.
Distribution of mechanical properties of native human ligamentum flavum depending on histopathological changes
Authors: Samal Filip , Cerny Vojtech , Kujal Petr , Jezek Jakub , Skala-Rosenbaum Jiri , Sepitka Josef 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the mechanical properties of native human ligamentum flavum (LF) and correlate them with histopathological changes. Mechanical property gradients across the cranial, medial, and caudal regions of LF were mapped and compared with histological sections. We also compared lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) samples with disc herniation (DH) samples as reference material to identify differences in mechanical properties and histopathological features. Our results revealed significant heterogeneity in LF mechanical properties, with local variations correlating with specific histopathological changes such as chondroid metaplasia and loss of elastic fibers. These findings underscore the importance of considering LF heterogeneity in mechanical characterization and provide insights into its behavior under pathological conditions.
Differential-phase-shift QKD with practical Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Mizutani Akihiro , Terashita Masanori , Matsubayashi Junya , Mori Shogo , Matsukura Ibuki , Tagawa Suzuna , Tamaki Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Differential-phase-shift (DPS) quantum key distribution stands as a promising protocol due to its simple implementation, which can be realized with a train of coherent pulses and a passive measurement unit. To implement the DPS protocol, it is crucial to establish security proofs incorporating practical imperfections in users’ devices, however, existing security proofs make unrealistic assumptions on the measurement unit using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. In this paper, we enhance the implementation security of the DPS protocol by incorporating a major imperfection in the measurement unit. Specifically, our proof enables us to use practical beam splitters with a known range of the transmittance rather than the one with exactly 50%, as was assumed in the existing security proofs. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that even with fluctuations of

±
0.5
%

in the transmittance from the ideal value, the key rate degrades only by a factor of 0.57. This result highlights the feasibility of the DPS protocol with practical measurement setups.
Adaptive convolutional-LSTM neural network with NADAM optimization for intrusion detection in underwater IoT wireless sensor networks
Authors: S Arivumani Samson , M Nagarajan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Underwater IoT networks rely on sensor nodes to continuously monitor and collect real-time data from marine environments. The nodes in the underwater networks face security challenges in terms of intrusions. Intrusions are common in conventional wireless sensor networks as well as in underwater sensor networks. Intrusions like data tampering, node insertion, unauthorized access compromises the security and privacy of the network. The existing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) faces limitations while detecting intrusions in Underwater IoT Wireless Sensor Networks (UIoTWSN) due to the dynamic condition of underwater environment. To overcome this, a novel IDS for UIoTWSN is proposed by combining the features of advanced deep learning techniques in an optimized manner. The proposed hybrid model comprises convolutional LSTM network with NADAM optimizer to analyze the spatial and temporal features to detect the intrusions. To handle the dynamic nature of underwater sensor network and to improve the convergence speed of the proposed IDS, NADAM optimizer is integrated in this research work. Experimentations of the proposed model validates the higher accuracy of 96.7%, precision of 94.5% and recall of 95.2% which is better than the conventional techniques.
A novel image recognition based fault diagnostics of customized EV battery pack using optimized GoogLeNet
Authors: Dasari Hethu Avinash , A Rammohan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Diagnosing faults in Battery Management Systems is critical in ensuring rechargeable batteries’ safe and efficient operation. Various fault detection techniques have been developed to address this requirement. This paper focuses on a novel approach to fault diagnosis by utilizing a personalized battery pack and employing image recognition. This study collects three distinct types of fault data from the battery pack and transforms it into image format. These images are inputs to a sophisticated Optimized GoogLeNet model designed explicitly for fault detection in the Battery Management System. The model’s capability to accurately detect and classify different types of faults in the battery pack is thoroughly evaluated. The results generated by the developed model are compared with those produced by the AlexNet and GoogLeNet models. It is demonstrated that the Optimized GoogLeNet model exhibits superior performance in fault detection by obtaining an accuracy of 99.5%, marking a significant improvement over existing techniques. The findings establish that leveraging image-based techniques with advanced Deep learning algorithms holds promising potential for enhancing the accuracy and efficacy of fault diagnosis in personalized battery packs.
Towards sustainable energy: integrating ERA5 data for offshore wind farm planning in India
Authors: Anangapal Hari Bhaskaran , Victor Kirubakaran 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
India’s pursuit of offshore wind energy development, particularly along the Tamil Nadu coastline within its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), faces significant spatial and economic challenges due to existing industrial activities and water depth limitations. Motivated by the need to optimize offshore wind resources and bridge the gap between onshore and offshore wind energy achievements, this study hypothesizes that ERA5 reanalysis wind data can be relied upon for assessing offshore wind resources and optimizing wind farm layouts, especially in the absence of measured data. The research employs methods such as comparing ERA5 data with empirical wind measurements, generating wind rose diagrams for layout optimization, and conducting a comprehensive financial analysis to estimate the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE). The results confirm the efficacy of ERA5 data, identifying an optimal wind farm layout with a capacity density of 5.17 MW per square kilometer, turbine spacing of 7.22 meters, and an LCoE of Rs. 8.84 per kWh. The study concludes that significant financial support and strategic policy interventions are essential for minimizing wake losses, optimizing capacity density, and fostering the long-term growth of India’s offshore wind energy sector, providing critical insights for policymakers, developers, and investors. The novelty of this research lies in its detailed exploration of spatial optimization and cost-effective strategies to enhance the techno-economic viability of offshore wind projects in India.
Long-term isoagglutinin monitoring after ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation
Authors: Kim Han Joo , Chung Yousun , Kim Hyungsuk , Ko Youngmin , Kim Young Hoon , Hwang Sang-Hyun , Oh Heung-Bum , Ko Dae-Hyun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate whether a 2-week period of daily isoagglutinin titer testing after ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation (ABOi-KT) is sufficient to ensure successful engraftment and to advocate for an extension of the monitoring duration in specific situations.

Methods
We reviewed patients from January 2022 to December 2023 at Asan Medical Center who underwent therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) due to elevated ABO antibody titers and suspected acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) after ABOi-KT. Data collected included pre- and posttransplantation laboratory results, clinical and procedural information, imaging studies, and needle biopsy results of the renal graft.

Results
We encountered 3 cases of acute AMR 2 weeks after transplantation. All cases exhibited simultaneous increases in anti-ABO antibody isoagglutinin titers, creatinine, and C-reactive protein levels. Clinical signs, including fever, suggested possible infection, and renal graft biopsy, confirmed AMR in all cases. Two cases underwent graftectomy, while the third recovered renal function after conservative treatment, including TPE.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that a 2-week monitoring period for isoagglutinin titers after ABOi-KT may not be sufficient to detect late AMR. Extending the monitoring duration and considering lifelong fresh-frozen plasma transfusion with graft-compatible blood types, along with periodic isoagglutinin titer testing in cases of suspected AMR, may improve long-term graft outcomes.
Emulations of Oncology Trials Using Real-World Data: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Rider Jennifer R , Wasserman Asher , Slipski Lukas , Carrigan Gillis , Harvey Raymond , Jiao Xiaolong , McRoy Lynn , Pace Nelson D , Becnel Lauren , Bruno Amanda , Eckert Joy C , Hodgkins Priscilla , Jain Purva , Merola David , Ovbiosa Osayi E , Natanzon Yanina , Pinheiro Simone , Quinn Jameson , Rodriguez-Watson Carla , Campbell Ulka ,   the Coalition to Advance RWE in RCT Emulations (CARE) Initiative
Published: September 2024

Abstract
By evaluating published emulations of oncology RCTs studies in which both the active and comparator groups are sourced from RWD and target trial results are available for benchmarking, this systematic review aims to gain insight into factors related to emulation performance. Thirteen oncology emulation studies using various types of RWD were identified through an online database search of PubMed through 2022. Based on the ROBINS-I tool, most studies (N=8) had a serious risk of overall bias driven by risk of bias from confounding. Approximately half of the studies (N=6) fully proxied the RCT entry criteria. Of 11 RWD studies that provided sufficient detail to quantify emulation performance, the emulation HR estimate fell within the 95% CI of the trial estimate in 9 of the studies. There were no clear trends between risk of bias or degree to which the entry criteria were proxied and emulation performance. Findings may have been influenced by publication bias and researcher degrees of freedom, as only one emulation study pre-registered its protocol. Tools for comprehensively characterizing factors that affect emulation performance, including the real-world clinical context as it relates to the RCT research question, are needed to evaluate the feasibility of a RCT emulation.
Knockout of OsWOX13 moderately delays flowering in rice under natural long-day conditions
Authors: Kim Yeon-Ki 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Plants are sensitive to photoperiods and are also equipped with systems to adjust their flowering time in response to various changes in the environment and developmental hormones. In the present study, previously generated rice OsWOX13 overexpression and newly generated OsWOX13 knockout lines constructed via CRISPR/Cas9 technology flowered 10 days earlier and 4-6 days later than the wild type, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that OsWOX13 might be involved in drought escape responses through the b-ZIP TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 23 signaling pathway during rice flowering via photoperiod signaling genes such as Grain number, plant height and heading date 7, Early heading date 1, RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1, Heading date 3a, and MADS14. Future investigations of OsWOX13 may provide insight into how plants adjust their flowering under stress conditions and how OsWOX13 could be precisely controlled to achieve maximum productivity in rice breeding.
An algorithm for drug-resistant epilepsy in Danish national registers
Authors: Bølling-Ladegaard Eva , Dreier Julie W , Christensen Jakob 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) have increased risks of premature death, injuries, psychosocial dysfunction and a reduced quality of life. Identification of persons with DRE in administrative data can allow for effective large-scale research, and we therefore aimed to construct an algorithm for identification of DRE in Danish nation-wide health registers.
We used a previously generated sample of 525 persons with medical record-validated incident epilepsy between 2010 and 2019, of whom 80 (15%) fulfilled International League Against Epilepsy criteria of DRE at the time of the latest contact; this cohort was considered the gold standard. We linked information in the validated cohort to Danish national health registers and constructed register-based algorithms for identification of DRE cases. The accuracy of each algorithm was validated against the medical record-validated gold standard. We applied the best-performing algorithm according to test accuracy (F1 score) to a large cohort with incident epilepsy identified in the Danish National Patient Registry between 1995 and 2013 and performed descriptive and logistic regression analyses to characterize the cohort with DRE as identified by the algorithm.
The best-performing algorithm in terms of F1 score was defined as ‘fillings of prescriptions for ≥3 distinct antiseizure medications (ASMs) within 3 years or acute hospital visit with epilepsy/convulsions following fillings of prescriptions for two distinct ASMs’ (sensitivity 0.59, specificity 0.93, positive predictive value 0.59, negative predictive value 0.92, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.77, and F1 score 0.595). Applying the algorithm to a register-based cohort of 83 682 individuals with incident epilepsy yielded 8650 cases (10.3%) with DRE. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, early onset of epilepsy, focal or generalized epilepsy, somatic co-morbidity and substance abuse were independently associated with risk of being classified with DRE.
We developed an algorithm for the identification of DRE in Danish national registers, which can be applied for a variety of research questions. We identified early onset of epilepsy, focal or generalized epilepsy, somatic co-morbidity and substance abuse as risk factors for DRE.
Associations between acute kidney injury and bone fractures: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cheikh Hassan Hicham I , Mulholland Bridie S , McAlister Brendan , Lambert Kelly , Murali Karumathil M , Moules Stephen , Mullan Judy 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common. An AKI episode may disrupt the normal mineral bone balance maintained by normal kidney function, thereby modifying the risk of developing bone fractures. However, it remains unclear whether an AKI episode is associated with the risk of bone fractures.

Methods
Using retrospective cohort study from an Australian Local Health District, we examined the association between an AKI episode and bone fractures using patient data between 2008 and 2017. Time-varying Cox proportional hazards and propensity-matched analysis were used to examine the association. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken to capture the impact of confirmed AKI status and AKI severity.

Results
Of 123 426 included patients, 14 549 (12%) had an AKI episode and 12 505 (10%) had a bone fracture. In the unadjusted analysis, AKI was associated with bone fractures [hazard ratio (HR) 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.88–2.11]. This association persisted in the adjusted analysis (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.41–1.59) and propensity-matched dataset (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.59–1.83). The sensitivity analysis yielded similar results, with the AKI patients having a higher risk of fractures compared with no AKI patients in the adjusted analysis (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.25–1.43) and in the propensity-matched dataset (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.33–1.55). Similar results were seen in the subsidiary sensitivity analysis excluding patients without baseline creatinine. We did not find an increased risk of bone fractures with increasing AKI severity (P = .7). Interaction tests demonstrated a significant association between sex and age category with AKI status and fractures, but not CKD stage or osteoporosis.

Conclusions
AKI is associated with a greater risk of bone fractures. This could have implications for managing and screening for bone disease in patients post-AKI episode. This association should be examined in other cohorts and populations for verification.