bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stock‐Specific Size of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon in British Columbia Waters and the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Beacham Terry D. , Beamish Richard J. , Candy John R. , Wallace Colin , Tucker Strahan , Moss Jamal H. , Trudel Marc 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe variation at 14 microsatellites was analyzed for 10,500 juvenile Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka obtained from coastal British Columbia and Gulf of Alaska surveys during 1996–2011. A 404‐population baseline was used to determine the individual identifications of the fish sampled, with individuals being identified to 47 populations or stocks of origin. Columbia River and Washington juveniles were consistently larger than those from British Columbia and Alaska. During July, larger individuals from the same Fraser River stock were observed in more northerly locations compared with those in the Strait of Georgia. There was a relationship between the timing of northward migration from the Strait of Georgia and juvenile body size, with individuals from larger populations or stocks migrating earlier than individuals from smaller stocks which remain resident for longer. There was a wide divergence among stocks in juvenile size and dispersion among sampling locations.Received August 1, 2013; accepted January 21, 2014
Ecomorphological Diversity of Lake Trout at Isle Royale, Lake Superior
Authors: Muir A. M. , Bronte C. R. , Zimmerman M. S. , Quinlan H. R. , Glase J. D. , Krueger C. C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFour Lake TroutSalvelinus namaycushmorphs were identified from Isle Royale, Lake Superior; the morphs differed in shape, traits linked to feeding and locomotion, buoyancy, and physical habitat use. Lean, humper, and siscowet Lake Trout generally conformed to previous descriptions, and we report, for the first time, quantitative evidence of a fourth morph, previously described anecdotally as the “redfin.” Jackknife classification of individuals to morphs based on body shape were 94% correct. High variation within and low variation among morphs led to moderately low percent agreement among visual identifications and high uncertainty in Bayesian model groupings of morphs. Eight linear measures of phenotypic traits linked to feeding (i.e., head and eyes) and locomotion (i.e., fin lengths and caudal peduncle shape) varied among morphs, consistent with specialized adaptations for trophic and physical resource use. Habitat differed among morphs with leans being most abundant in the 0–50‐m depth stratum and siscowets most abundant in two deeper strata (50–100 and 100–150 m). Differences in capture depth and percent buoyancy reflected physical habitat and known trophic resource partitioning among morphs. While the historical fingerprint of morphological and ecological diversity in Lake Superior Lake Trout persists, it is unknown whether the contemporary low level of differentiation is due to ecological release without subsequent reorganization or to a complete breakdown of differentiation.Received July 11, 2013; accepted February 7, 2014
High Diet Overlap between Native Small‐Bodied Fishes and Nonnative Fathead Minnow in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona
Authors: Seegert Sarah E. Zahn , Rosi‐Marshall Emma J. , Baxter Colden V. , Kennedy Theodore A. , Hall Robert O. , Cross Wyatt F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRiver regulation may mediate the interactions among native and nonnative species, potentially favoring nonnative species and contributing to the decline of native populations. We examined food resource use and diet overlap among small‐bodied fishes in the Grand Canyon section of the Colorado River as a first step in evaluating potential resource competition. We compared the diets of the predominant small‐bodied fishes (native Speckled Dace Rhinichthys osculus, juvenile Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis, and juvenile Bluehead Sucker C. discobolus, and nonnative Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas) across seasons at four sites downstream of Glen Canyon Dam using nonmetric multidimensional scaling and Schoener's similarity index. The diets of these fishes included diatoms, amorphous detritus, aquatic invertebrates (especially simuliid and chironomid larvae), terrestrial invertebrates, and terrestrial vegetation. Diets varied with season and were affected by high turbidity. Fish consumed more amorphous detritus and terrestrial vegetation during the summer monsoon season (July–September), when turbidity was higher. The diets of all species overlapped, but there was large variation in the degree of overlap. The diets of juvenile suckers and Fathead Minnows were most similar, while Speckled Dace had relatively distinct diets. The differences took the form of higher proportions of diatoms and amorphous detritus in the diets of Bluehead Suckers and Fathead Minnows and higher proportions of simuliids and chironomids in those of Speckled Dace. If food resources are or become limiting, diet overlap suggests that competition may occur among native and nonnative species, which could have implications for the population dynamics of these fishes and for the management of the Colorado River ecosystem in Grand Canyon.Received September 4, 2013; accepted February 11, 2014
Cluster Sampling: A Pervasive, Yet Little Recognized Survey Design in Fisheries Research
Authors: Nelson Gary A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCluster sampling is a common survey design used pervasively in fisheries research to sample fish populations, but it is not widely recognized by researchers. Because fish collected via cluster sampling are not independent of each other, standard simple random sampling estimators and statistical tests that assume independence cannot be used to make inferences about fish populations. If the clustered nature of fisheries data is ignored, the main consequence is that the type I error rate of common statistical tests will be severely inflated and significant differences will often be found in group comparisons where none exist. The goal of this paper is to provide an introduction to the estimation of population attributes and analysis of fisheries data collected via cluster sampling. This article addresses the nature of clustered fisheries data, reviews the random cluster sampling estimators of population attributes, explores the implications of violating the assumption of independence in hypothesis testing, and reviews current statistical approaches that can be used to analyze appropriately clustered data.Received November 8, 2013; accepted February 27, 2014
Recombinant expression, purification, and characterization of polyphenol oxidase 2 (VvPPO2) from “Shine Muscat” (Vitis labruscana Bailey × Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Katayama-Ikegami Ayako , Suehiro Yuka , Katayama Takane , Jindo Kazushi , Itamura Hiroyuki , Esumi Tomoya 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) catalyze browning reactions in various plant organs, therefore controlling the reactions is important for the food industry. PPOs have been assumed to be involved in skin browning of white grape cultivars; however, the molecular mechanism underlying PPO-mediated browning process remains elusive. We have recently identified a new PPO gene named VvPPO2 from “Shine Muscat” (Vitis labruscana Bailey × V. vinifera L.), and have shown that the gene is transcribed at a higher level than the previously identified VvPPO1 in browning, physiologically disordered berry skins at the maturation stage. In this study, we expressed VvPPO2 in Escherichia coli and, using the purified preparation, revealed unique physicochemical characteristics of the enzyme. Our study opens up a way to not only understand the berry skin browning process but also to elucidate the enzymatic maturation process of grape PPOs.
Antioxidant effect of aromatic volatiles emitted by Lavandula dentata, Mentha spicata, and M. piperita on mouse subjected to low oxygen condition
Authors: Hu Zenghui , Wang Chunling , Shen Hong , Zhang Kezhong , Leng Pingsheng 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the antioxidant effect of aromatic volatiles of three common aromatic plants, Lavandula dentata, Mentha spicata, and M. piperita. In this study, kunming mice subjected to low oxygen condition were treated with the volatiles emitted from these aromatic plants through inhalation administration. Then the blood cell counts, and the activities and gene expressions of antioxidant enzymes in different tissues were tested. The results showed that low oxygen increased the counts of red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood platelets of mice, and aromatic volatiles decreased their counts. Exposure to aromatic volatiles resulted in decreases in the malonaldehyde contents, and increases in the activities and gene expressions of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in different tissues under low oxygen. In addition, as the main component of aromatic volatiles, eucalyptol was the potential source that imparted positive antioxidant effect.
Parametric bootstrap estimators for hybrid inference in forest inventories
Authors: Fortin Mathieu , Manso Rubén , Schneider Robert 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In forestry, the variable of interest is not always directly available from forest inventories. Consequently, practitioners have to rely on models to obtain predictions of this variable of interest. This context leads to hybrid inference, which is based on both the probability design and the model. Unfortunately, the current analytical hybrid estimators for the variance of the point estimator are mainly based on linear or nonlinear models and their use is limited when the model reaches a high level of complexity. An alternative consists of using a variance estimator based on resampling methods (Rubin, D. B. (1987). Multiple imputation for nonresponse surveys. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA). However, it turns out that a parametric bootstrap (BS) estimator of the variance can be biased in contexts of hybrid inference. In this study, we designed and tested a corrected BS estimator for the variance of the point estimator, which can easily be implemented as long as all of the stochastic components of the model can be properly simulated. Like previous estimators, this corrected variance estimator also makes it possible to distinguish the contribution of the sampling and the model to the variance of the point estimator. The results of three simulation studies of increasing complexity showed no evidence of bias for this corrected variance estimator, which clearly outperformed the BS variance estimator used in previous studies. Since the implementation of this corrected variance estimator is not much more complicated, we recommend its use in contexts of hybrid inference based on complex models.
Gastrointestinal infections
Authors: Török M. Estée , Cooke Fiona J. , Moran Ed 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter covers oesophagitis (which is inflammation of the oesophagus), peptic ulcer disease, infectious diarrhoea (including dysentery and enteric or typhoid fever), cholera, Clostridium difficile diarrhoea, acute cholecystitis which is an inflammation of the gall bladder, acute cholangitis (characterized by fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain), pancreatitis (which is inflammation of the pancreas), primary and secondary peritonitis (which is infection of the peritoneal cavity), peritoneal dialysis peritonitis, diverticulitis (sac-like protrusions of the colonic wall), intra-abdominal abscess, liver abscess, and acute and chronic hepatitis (which are inflammation of the liver).
Three small transiting planets around the M-dwarf host star LP 358-499
Authors: Wells R , Poppenhaeger K , Watson C A 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We report on the detection of three transiting small planets around the low-mass star LP 358-499 (K2-133), using photometric data from the Kepler-K2 mission. Using multiband photometry, we determine the host star to be an early M dwarf with an age likely older than a gigayear. The three detected planets K2-133 b, c and d have orbital periods of ca. 3, 4.9 and 11 d and transit depths of ca. 700, 1000 and 2000 ppm, respectively. We also report a planetary candidate EPIC 247887989.01 with a period of 26.6 d and a depth of ca. 1000 ppm, which may be at the inner edge of the stellar habitable zone, depending on the specific host star properties. Using the transit parameters and the stellar properties, we estimate that the innermost planet may be rocky. The system is suited for follow-up observations to measure planetary masses and JWST transmission spectra of planetary atmospheres.
Bioactive lipids in osteoarthritis: risk or benefit?
Authors: Ioan-Facsinay Andreea , Kloppenburg Margreet 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
Lipids are bioactive molecules that can affect several biological functions. Technological developments allowing identification of novel lipid species and the study of their function have led to a significant advance in our understanding of lipid biology and their involvement in various diseases. This is particularly relevant for diseases associated with obesity in which lipid accumulation could be involved in pathogenesis. Here, we focus on osteoarthritis, a chronic joint disease aggravated by obesity, and will present the latest findings regarding the involvement of lipids in disease development and progression.

Recent findings
Recent studies indicate a possible involvement of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acid and their anti-inflammatory and proresolving derivatives in osteoarthritis. These lipids were identified in the osteoarthritis joint, were found to have beneficial effects on cartilage in vitro and reduced pain in humans and animal models. Moreover, increased levels of cholesterol transport molecules, such as LDL particles, were recently associated with a higher risk of developing hand osteoarthritis in women and with more severe inflammation and osteophyte formation in osteoarthritis animal models.

Summary
Together, these findings indicate that lipids are a promising target for future therapeutic intervention in osteoarthritis and open exciting possibilities for future research.
The Impact of Metastatic Spinal Tumor Location on 30-Day Perioperative Mortality and Morbidity After Surgical Decompression
Authors: Hussain Awais K. , Vig Khushdeep S. , Cheung Zoe B. , Phan Kevin , Lima Mauricio C. , Kim Jun S. , Kaji Deepak A. , Arvind Varun , Cho Samuel Kang-Wook 
Published: October 2017

Study Design.
A retrospective cohort study from 2011 to 2014 was performed using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Objective.
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of tumor location in the cervical, thoracic, or lumbosacral spine on 30-day perioperative mortality and morbidity after surgical decompression of metastatic extradural spinal tumors.

Summary of Background Data.
Operative treatment of metastatic spinal tumors involves extensive procedures that are associated with significant complication rates and healthcare costs. Past studies have examined various risk factors for poor clinical outcomes after surgical decompression procedures for spinal tumors, but few studies have specifically investigated the impact of tumor location on perioperative mortality and morbidity.

Methods.
We identified 2238 patients in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database who underwent laminectomy for excision of metastatic extradural tumors in the cervical, thoracic, or lumbosacral spine. Baseline patient characteristics were collected from the database. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to examine the association between spinal tumor location and 30-day perioperative mortality and morbidity.

Results.
On univariate analysis, cervical spinal tumors were associated with the highest rate of pulmonary complications. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that cervical spinal tumors had the highest odds of multiple perioperative complications. However, thoracic spinal tumors were associated with the highest risk of intra- or postoperative blood transfusion. In contrast, patients with metastatic tumors in the lumbosacral spine had lower odds of perioperative mortality, pulmonary complications, and sepsis.

Conclusion.
Tumor location is an independent risk factor for perioperative mortality and morbidity after surgical decompression of metastatic spinal tumors. The addition of tumor location to existing prognostic scoring systems may help to improve their predictive accuracy.

Level of Evidence: 3
Modification of Tracheal Cuff Shape and Continuous Cuff Pressure Control to Prevent Microaspiration in an Ex Vivo Pig Tracheal Two-Lung Model
Authors: Monsel Antoine , Le Corre Marine , Deransy Romain , Brisson Hélène , Arbelot Charlotte , Lu Qin , Golmard Jean-Louis , Langeron Olivier , Rouby Jean-Jacques 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
Microaspiration of subglottic secretions plays a pivotal role in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Impact of endotracheal tube cuff material and shape on tracheal sealing performance remains debated. The primary objective was to compare the tracheal sealing performance of polyvinyl chloride tapered, cylindrical and spherical cuffs. Secondary objectives were to determine the impact of continuous cuff pressure control on sealing performance and pressure variability.

Design:
Prospective randomized ex vivo animal study.

Setting:
French research laboratory.

Subjects:
Seventy-two ex vivo pig tracheal two-lung blocks.

Interventions:
Blocks were randomly intubated with cylindrical (n = 26), tapered (n = 24), or spherical (n = 22) polyvinyl chloride endotracheal tube cuffs. Two milliliter of methylene blue were instilled above the cuff to quantify microaspirations, and lungs were ventilated for 2 hours. Continuous cuff pressure control was implemented in 33 blocks.

Measurements and Main Results:
Cuff pressures were continuously recorded, and after 2 hours, a microaspiration score was calculated. Tapered cuffs improved cuff sealing performance compared with spherical cuffs with or without continuous cuff pressure control. Compared with spherical cuffs, tapered cuffs reduced the microaspiration score without and with continuous pressure control by 65% and 72%, respectively. Continuous cuff pressure control did not impact sealing performance. Tapered cuffs generated higher cuff pressures and increased the time spent with overinflation compared with spherical cuffs (median [interquartile range], 77.9% [0–99.8] vs. 0% [0–0.5]; p = 0.03). Continuous cuff pressure control reduced the variability of tapered and spherical cuffs likewise the time spent with overinflation of tapered and cylindrical cuffs.

Conclusions:
Polyvinyl chloride tapered cuffs sealing enhanced performance at the cost of an increase in cuff pressure and in time spent with overinflation. Continuous cuff pressure control reduced the variability and normalized cuff pressures without impacting sealing performance.
Intermittent Versus Continuous and Intermittent Medications for Pain and Sedation After Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery; A Randomized Controlled Trial*
Authors: Penk Jamie S. , Lefaiver Cheryl A. , Brady Colleen M. , Steffensen Christine M. , Wittmayer Kimberly 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
Compare continuous infusions of morphine and midazolam in addition to intermittent doses with an intermittent only strategy for pain and sedation after pediatric cardiac surgery.

Design:
Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
Advocate Children’s Hospital, Oak Lawn, IL.

Patients:
Sixty patients 3 months to 4 years old with early extubation after pediatric cardiac surgery.

Interventions:
Patients received a continuous infusion of morphine and midazolam or placebo for 24 hours. Both groups received intermittent morphine and midazolam doses as needed.

Measurements and Main Results:
Gender, age, bypass time, and surgical complexity were not different between groups. Scheduled ketorolac and acetaminophen were used in both groups and were not associated with adverse events. The mean, median, and maximum Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, And Consolability score were not different between groups. There was no significant difference in number of intermittent doses received between groups. The total morphine dose was higher in the continuous/intermittent group (0.90 vs 0.23 mg/kg; p < 0.01). The total midazolam dose was also higher in the continuous/intermittent group (0.90 vs 0.18 mg/kg; p < 0.01). The hospital length of stay was longer in the continuous/intermittent group (8.4 vs 4.9 d; p = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Pain was not better controlled with the addition of continuous infusions of morphine and midazolam when compared with intermittent dosing only. Use of continuous infusions resulted in a significantly higher total dosage of these medications and a longer length of stay.
Ventriculo-Arterial Coupling Analysis Predicts the Hemodynamic Response to Norepinephrine in Hypotensive Postoperative Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Guinot Pierre-Grégoire , Longrois Dan , Kamel Said , Lorne Emmanuel , Dupont Hervé 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate, in patients with persistent arterial hypotension in the immediate postcardiac surgery period, the effects of norepinephrine infusion on ventriculo-arterial coupling, its determinants: arterial elastance and end-systolic ventricular elastance, and to test the ability of arterial elastance to end-systolic ventricular elastance ratio to predict stroke volume increases.

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Setting:
Cardiac-vascular surgical ICU.

Patients:
Twenty-eight postoperative cardiac surgery patients, in whom physicians decided to administer norepinephrine infusion, were included.

Measurements and Main Results:
Arterial pressure, stroke volume index, cardiac index, indexed total peripheral resistance, arterial compliance, arterial elastance, and end-systolic ventricular elastance, were measured before and after norepinephrine infusion. We estimated ventriculo-arterial coupling by the arterial elastance to end-systolic ventricular elastance ratio and defined stroke volume responders by a stroke volume increase greater than or equal to 15%. Twenty-two of the 28 subjects had altered ventriculo-arterial coupling (1.87 [1.57–2.51] vs 1.1 [1–1.18]). Fifteen of the 28 subjects (54%) were stroke volume responders. At baseline, stroke volume responders had similar arterial pressure, higher indexed total peripheral resistance, arterial elastance, arterial elastance to end-systolic ventricular elastance ratio (2.21 [1.69–2.89] vs 1.33 [1.1–1.56]; p < 0.05), and lower arterial compliance, indexed total peripheral resistance and cardiac index. Norepinephrine significantly increased arterial pressure in all subjects. In stroke volume responders, norepinephrine increased arterial elastance, end-systolic ventricular elastance, cardiac index, and improved arterial elastance/end-systolic ventricular elastance coupling. The baseline arterial elastance to end-systolic ventricular elastance ratio predicted stroke volume responsiveness (area under the curve [95% CI], 0.87 [0.71−1]; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
In patients with arterial hypotension norepinephrine increased end-systolic ventricular elastance and arterial elastance. The effects of norepinephrine on stroke volume depend on baseline ventriculo-arterial coupling. Although norepinephrine infusion corrects arterial hypotension in all subjects, increase of stroke volume occurred only in subjects with altered ventriculo-arterial coupling.