bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground deformation and source geometry of the 24 August 2016 Amatrice earthquake (Central Italy) investigated through analytical and numerical modeling of DInSAR measurements and structural‐geological data
Authors: Lavecchia G. , Castaldo R. , de Nardis R. , De Novellis V. , Ferrarini F. , Pepe S. , Brozzetti F. , Solaro G. , Cirillo D. , Bonano M. , Boncio P. , Casu F. , De Luca C. , Lanari R. , Manunta M. , Manzo M. , Pepe A. , Zinno I. , Tizzani P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe investigate the ground deformation and source geometry of the 2016 Amatrice earthquake (Central Italy) by exploiting ALOS2 and Sentinel‐1 coseismic differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) measurements. They reveal two NNW‐SSE striking surface deformation lobes, which could be the effect of two distinct faults or the rupture propagation of a single fault. We examine both cases through a single and a double dislocation planar source. Subsequently, we extend our analysis by applying a 3‐D finite elements approach jointly exploiting DInSAR measurements and an independent, structurally constrained, 3‐D fault model. This model is based on a double fault system including the two northern Gorzano and Redentore‐Vettoretto faults (NGF and RVF) which merge into a single WSW dipping fault surface at the hypocentral depth (8 km). The retrieved best fit coseismic surface deformation pattern well supports the exploited structural model. The maximum displacements occur at 5–7 km depth, reaching 90 cm on the RVF footwall and 80 cm on the NGF hanging wall. The von Mises stress field confirms the retrieved seismogenic scenario.
Self‐formed waterfall plunge pools in homogeneous rock
Authors: Scheingross Joel S. , Lo Daniel Y. , Lamb Michael P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWaterfalls are ubiquitous, and their upstream propagation can set the pace of landscape evolution, yet no experimental studies have examined waterfall plunge pool erosion in homogeneous rock. We performed laboratory experiments, using synthetic foam as a bedrock simulant, to produce self‐formed waterfall plunge pools via particle impact abrasion. Plunge pool vertical incision exceeded lateral erosion by approximately tenfold until pools deepened to the point that the supplied sediment could not be evacuated and deposition armored the pool bedrock floor. Lateral erosion of plunge pool sidewalls continued after sediment deposition, but primarily at the downstream pool wall, which might lead to undermining of the plunge pool lip, sediment evacuation, and continued vertical pool floor incision in natural streams. Undercutting of the upstream pool wall was absent, and our results suggest that vertical drilling of successive plunge pools is a more efficient waterfall retreat mechanism than the classic model of headwall undercutting and collapse in homogeneous rock.
Cassini UVIS observations of Titan ultraviolet airglow intensity dependence with solar zenith angle
Authors: Royer E. M. , Ajello J. M. , Holsclaw G. M. , West R. A. , Esposito L. W. , Bradley E. T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (UVIS) observed the airglow (dayglow and nightglow) of Titan over a range of solar zenith angles (SZA) from 14 to 150° on five separate observations obtained between 2008 and 2012. The modeling of the solar cycle normalized UVIS observations indicates that a Chapman layer function provides a satisfactory fit to the intensity of the EUV and FUV airglow molecular emissions of the N2 Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield band system (LBH
), the Carroll‐Yoshino band system (
), and of several atomic multiplets of nitrogen (NI, II) as a function of SZA. This result shows that the strongest contribution to the Titan dayglow occurs by processes (photoelectrons and photodissociation) involving the solar EUV flux rather than magnetospheric particle precipitation that dominates emission excitation in the nightglow.
Solar wind, F10.7, and geomagnetic activity relationship to the equatorial plasma mass density at geosynchronous orbit
Authors: Veibell V. , Weigel R. S. , Denton R. E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe consider two types of events, identified by decreases in Dst below a threshold value and increases in the equatorial mass density at geosynchronous altitudes, ρeq, above a threshold value using the Takahashi et al. (2010) data set. From the Dst events and 1 day averages, we find that there is a statistically weak and small‐amplitude difference between ρeq on the day of the event and the days before and after. When hourly averages are considered, a significant peak is found to occur 6 h after event onset, and the primary factor that determines the postonset peak amplitude in ρeq is elevated F10.7. In addition, for hourly averages, ρeq following the onset of a Dst event depends on the north‐south component of the interplanetary magnetic field, Bz, after the time of onset, with higher average Bz 4 h after the event onset corresponding to larger ρeq values 7–11 h after onset. From the ρeq events, we find a weak dependence on Bz after the onset of an event, with higher average Bz 4 h after the event onset corresponding to larger ρeq values 24–36 h after onset.
Untersuchung von intrinsisch unstrukturierten Proteinen mithilfe des Austausches mit hyperpolarisiertem Wasser
Authors: Kurzbach Dennis , Canet Estel , Flamm Andrea G. , Jhajharia Aditya , Weber Emmanuelle M. M. , Konrat Robert , Bodenhausen Geoffrey 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHyperpolarisiertes Wasser kann NMR‐Signale schnell austauschender Protonen des intrinsisch unstrukturierten Proteins Osteopontin (OPN), welches eine Rolle bei Metastasenbildung spielt, bei annähernd physiologischem pH‐Wert und Temperatur verstärken. Der Transfer der Magnetisierung des hyperpolarisierten Wassers beschränkt sich auf lösungsmittelexponierte Aminosäuren und verstärkt deshalb nur selektiv bestimmte Signale in (1H,15N‐)Korrelationsspektren. Die Bindung des Polysaccharids Heparin induziert die Entfaltung vorgeformter Strukturelemente von OPN.
Atomically Dispersed Iron–Nitrogen Species as Electrocatalysts for Bifunctional Oxygen Evolution and Reduction Reactions
Authors: Chen Pengzuo , Zhou Tianpei , Xing Lili , Xu Kun , Tong Yun , Xie Hui , Zhang Lidong , Yan Wensheng , Chu Wangsheng , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRational design of non‐noble materials as highly efficient, economical, and durable bifunctional catalysts for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions (OER/ORR) is currently a critical obstacle for rechargeable metal‐air batteries. A new route involving S was developed to achieve atomic dispersion of Fe‐Nx species on N and S co‐decorated hierarchical carbon layers, resulting in single‐atom bifunctional OER/ORR catalysts for the first time. The abundant atomically dispersed Fe‐Nx species are highly catalytically active, the hierarchical structure offers more opportunities for active sites, and the electrical conductivity is greatly improved. The obtained electrocatalyst exhibits higher limiting current density and a more positive half‐wave potential for ORR, as well as a lower overpotential for OER under alkaline conditions. Moreover, a rechargeable Zn–air battery device comprising this hybrid catalyst shows superior performance compared to Pt/C catalyst. This work will open a new avenue to design advanced bifunctional catalysts for reversible energy storage and conversion devices.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regioselective C7‐Olefination of Indazoles Using an N‐Amide Directing Group
Authors: Guo Lei , Chen Yanyu , Zhang Rong , Peng Qiujun , Xu Lanting , Pan Xianhua 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA rhodium‐catalyzed regioselective C−H olefination of indazole is described. This protocol relies on the use of an efficient and removable N,N‐diisopropylcarbamoyl directing group, which offers facile access to C7‐olefinated indazoles with high regioselectivity, ample substrate scope and broad functional group tolerance.
Non‐centrosymmetric Selenides AZn4In5Se12 (A=Rb, Cs): Synthesis, Characterization and Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Lin Hua , Zheng Yu‐Jun , Hu Xiao‐Ning , Chen Hong , Yu Ju‐Song , Wu Li‐Ming 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTwo new non‐centrosymmetric polar quaternary selenides, namely, RbZn4In5Se12 and CsZn4In5Se12, have been synthesized and structurally characterized. They exhibit a 3D diamond‐like framework (DLF) consisting of corner‐shared MSe4 (M=Zn/In) tetrahedra, in which the A+ ions are located. Both compounds are thermally stable up to 1300 K and exhibit large transmittance in the infrared region (0.65–25 μm) with measured optical band gaps of 2.06 eV for RbZn4In5Se12 and 2.11 eV for CsZn4In5Se12. Inspiringly, they exhibit a good balance between strong second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency (3.9 and 3.5×AgGaS2) and high laser‐induced damage thresholds (13.0×AgGaS2). Theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) methods confirm that such strong SHG responses originate from the 3D DLF structure.
Results of Belgian quality control framework for cavity wall insulation
Authors: Janssens Arnold , Delghust Marc , Van Den Bossche Nathan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSince 2012 a quality control system is in operation in Belgium to provide confidence in the quality of the works of cavity wall insulation in existing walls. When the works are in line with the quality framework, the installer may provide a declaration of conformity to the client, which he can use to receive subsidies or for energy performance certification.A field study was performed to analyze the relationship between the information provided by installers in the declaration of conformity, the results of the conformity checks performed by the certification organization and the effective cavity wall performance measured on site.Ergebnisse der Belgischen Qualitätskontrolle für die nachträgliche Wärmedämmung von Hohlwänden. Seit 2012 ist in Belgien ein System zur Qualitätskontrolle in Betrieb, das Vertrauen in die nachträgliche Wärmedämmung bestehender Wände schaffen soll. Wenn die Arbeiten im Einklang mit dem Qualitätsrahmen erbracht wurden, kann der Ausführungsbetrieb dem Kunden eine Konformitätserklärung ausstellen, die dieser für die Zuteilung von Zuschüssen und für die Ausstellung eines Energieausweises nutzen kann. Es wurde eine Feldstudie durchgeführt, um die Angaben in den Konformitätserklärungen der Ausführungsbetriebe mit den Ergebnissen der Konformitätsprüfung durch die Zertifizierungsgesellschaft und mit den vor Ort gemessenen effektiven Dämmwerten zu vergleichen.
A new procedure for selecting moisture reference years for hygrothermal simulations
Authors: Zhou Xiaohai , Derome Dominique , Carmeliet Jan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHygrothermal models allow designers to evaluate the hygrothermal performance of building envelopes. However, hygrothermal modeling needs the input of the external climate loading, a moisture reference year, to evaluate moisture damage risk of building envelope. In this paper, a new procedure is proposed for selecting moisture reference years. A metric, called Climatic Index, combining wind‐driven rain load and potential evaporation is developed in this study. Climatic Indices over 30 years are determined for a wall envelope located in Zurich, Switzerland. The hygrothermal performance of the wall envelope and its moisture damage risk are simulated and evaluated using a hygrothermal risk indicator, called the RHT Index. A clear correlation between Climatic Index and RHT Index is found for the specific moisture damage considered, mold growth. The selection procedure combines a first selection of three years around the 10 % level criterion based on the Climatic Index, followed by a careful comparison of different years based on RHT Index and a final selection of the year with the largest RHT Index as moisture reference year. The combination of Climatic Index and RHT Index allows for the selection of moisture reference years with known level of damage risk.Ein neues Verfahren zur Auswahl von Feuchte‐Referenzjahren für hygrothermische Simulationen. Hygrothermische Modelle ermöglichen es Planern, die hygrothermischen Eigenschaften der Gebäudehülle zu bewerten. Zur Bewertung des Risikos von Feuchteschäden sind für die hygrothermische Modellierung Daten zur äußeren klimatischen Belastung erforderlich, und zwar in Form eines Feuchte‐Referenzjahres. Der vorliegende Beitrag schlägt ein neues Verfahren zur Auswahl von Feuchte‐Referenzjahren vor. In der Studie wird eine Maßzahl namens “Klimatischer Index” entwickelt, die windbasierte Regenlast und potenzielle Verdunstung kombiniert. Klimatische Indexwerte für 30 Jahre werden für eine Außenwand in Zürich (Schweiz) bestimmt. Das hygrothermische Verhalten der Außenwand sowie ihr Risiko von Feuchteschäden werden simuliert und bewertet anhand eines hygrothermischen Risikoindikators, genannt RHT‐Index. Für die hier speziell betrachtete Art von Feuchteschäden, den Schimmelbefall, wird ein eindeutiger Zusammenhang zwischen Klimatischem Index und RHT‐Index ermittelt. Das Verfahren umfasst eine erste Auswahl von drei Jahren basierend auf einem 10%‐Kriterium und dem Klimatischen Index, dem dann ein sorgfältiger Vergleich verschiedener Jahre auf Grundlage des RHT‐Index folgt und schließlich die Auswahl jenes Jahres mit dem höchsten RHT‐Index als Feuchte‐Referenzjahr. Die Kombination von Klimatischem Index und RHT‐Index ermöglicht die Auswahl von Feuchte‐Referenzjahren mit bekanntem Schadensrisiko.
Genome analysis of a hyper acetone‐butanol‐ethanol (ABE) producing Clostridium acetobutylicum BKM19
Authors: Cho Changhee , Choe Donghui , Jang Yu‐Sin , Kim Kyung‐Jin , Kim Won Jun , Cho Byung‐Kwan , Papoutsakis E. Terry , Bennett George N. , Seung Do Young , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPreviously the development of a hyper acetone‐butanol‐ethanol (ABE) producing Clostridium acetobutylicum BKM19 strain capable of producing 30.5% more total solvent by random mutagenesis of its parental strain PJC4BK, which is a buk mutant C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 strain is reported. Here, BKM19 and PJC4BK strains are re‐sequenced by a high‐throughput sequencing technique to understand the mutations responsible for enhanced solvent production. In comparison with the C. acetobutylicum PJC4BK, 13 single nucleotide variants (SNVs), one deletion and one back mutation SNV are identified in the C. acetobutylicum BKM19 genome. Except for one SNV found in the megaplasmid, all mutations are found in the chromosome of BKM19. Among them, a mutation in the thlA gene encoding thiolase is further studied with respect to enzyme activity and butanol production. The mutant thiolase (thlAV5A) is showed a 32% higher activity than that of the wild‐type thiolase (thlAWT). In batch fermentation, butanol production is increased by 26% and 23% when the thlAV5A gene is overexpressed in the wild‐type C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and in its derivative, the thlA‐knockdown TKW‐A strain, respectively. Based on structural analysis, the mutation in thiolase does not have a direct effect on the regulatory determinant region (RDR). However, the mutation at the 5th residue seems to influence the stability of the RDR, and thus, increases the enzymatic activity and enhances solvent production in the BKM19 strain.
Designing easy DNA extraction: Teaching creativity through laboratory practice
Authors: Susantini Endang , Lisdiana Lisa , Isnawati  , Tanzih Al Haq Aushia , Trimulyono Guntur 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSubject material concerning Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) structure in the format of creativity‐driven laboratory practice offers meaningful learning experience to the students. Therefore, a laboratory practice in which utilizes simple procedures and easy‐safe‐affordable household materials should be promoted to students to develop their creativity. This study aimed to examine whether designing and conducting DNA extraction with household materials could foster students’ creative thinking. We also described how this laboratory practice affected students’ knowledge and views. A total of 47 students participated in this study. These students were grouped and asked to utilize available household materials and modify procedures using hands‐on worksheet. Result showed that this approach encouraged creative thinking as well as improved subject‐related knowledge. Students also demonstrated positive views about content knowledge, social skills, and creative thinking skills. This study implies that extracting DNA with household materials is able to develop content knowledge, social skills, and creative thinking of the students. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(3):216–225, 2017.
Prognostic impact of MutT homolog‐1 expression on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Akiyama Shingo , Saeki Hiroshi , Nakashima Yuichiro , Iimori Makoto , Kitao Hiroyuki , Oki Eiji , Oda Yoshinao , Nakabeppu Yusaku , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMutT homolog‐1 (MTH1) is a pyrophosphatase that acts on oxidized nucleotides and hydrolyzes 8‐oxo‐2’‐deoxyguanosine triphosphate in deoxynucleoside triphosphate pool to prevent its incorporation into nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, result in reduce cytotoxicity in tumor cells. MTH1 is overexpressed in various cancers and is considered as a therapeutic target. Environmental factors such as cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are critical risk factors for the development and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), suggesting that oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of ESCC. We examined the expression of MTH1 and the accumulation of 8‐oxo‐2’‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxo‐dG) in 84 patients with ESCC who underwent curative resection without neoadjuvant therapy. MTH1 mRNA level was quantified by performing quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin‐embedded cancer tissues was performed to determine MTH1 protein expression and 8‐oxo‐dG accumulation. MTH1 mRNA expression was higher in cancerous tissues than in the corresponding normal epithelium (P < 0.0001). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that high MTH1 expression was significantly associated with deeper tumor invasion and venous invasion, advanced cancer stage, and poor overall survival (P = 0.0021) and disease‐specific survival (P = 0.0013) compared with low MTH1 expression. Furthermore, high MTH1 expression was an independent predictor of poor disease‐specific survival (P = 0.0121). In contrast, 8‐oxo‐dG accumulation was not associated with any clinicopathological factor and poor prognosis. These results suggest that MTH1 overexpression is a predictor of ESCC progression and poor prognosis and that MTH1 can serve as a therapeutic target for treating patients with ESCC.
Surface State and Catalytic Performance of Ceria‐Supported Cobalt Catalysts in the Steam Reforming of Ethanol
Authors: Turczyniak Sylwia , Greluk Magdalena , Słowik Grzegorz , Gac Wojciech , Zafeiratos Spyridon , Machocki Andrzej 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe effect of the particle size and the addition of a K promoter on the oxidation state of Co/CeO2 was investigated and correlated with selectivity for ethanol steam reforming performed with various H2O/EtOH molar ratios. Spectroscopic studies showed that the oxidation state of the catalyst components depends on the H2O/EtOH molar ratio. Surface oxygen‐containing species (OH and Kδ+−Oδ−) are necessary to achieve a good catalyst selectivity, to decrease the amount of coke deposited and to change the nature of the product from fully dehydrogenated C=C to CHx. Besides the surface concentration of oxygen‐containing species, the catalyst morphology and the location at which oxygen‐containing species are chemisorbed may be equally important to their abundance; the selective ceria‐supported Co catalyst should have well‐dispersed Co particles deposited on a well‐dispersed support.
Zirconia on Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets: Synergistic Catalyst with High Selectivity for H2O2 Electrogeneration
Authors: Carneiro Jussara F. , Paulo Maria J. , Siaj Mohamed , Tavares Ana C. , Lanza Marcos R. V. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn situ electrogeneration of hydrogen peroxide through the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) represents a potentially greener route for wastewater treatment. However, the development of adequate catalysts following a two‐electron pathway with high selectivity and low overpotential is still of great importance. To address this issue, nanoparticles of zirconium oxide supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets were prepared through a hydrothermal reaction, and the composite catalysts were tested for the ORR in both acid and alkaline media. The presence of zirconium oxides (ZrO2‐x and ZrO2) significantly improved the activity of rGO for the ORR and its selectivity toward H2O2 electrogeneration. Indeed, an increase from 73.7 to 89.5% was obtained in acid solution, and from 72.9 to 83.1% in alkaline medium. The high activity of the composite catalysts is assigned to the synergistic effect between ZrO2‐x and rGO. The highest selectivity for H2O2 electrogeneration was correlated to the presence of ZrO2 phase. In addition, the zirconia‐rGO catalysts are stable and reusable. Therefore, these composites are very promising catalysts to be used in gas diffusion electrodes for advanced oxidation processes.
Die Entdeckung der Mercerisation
Authors: Vogler Herbert 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn dem bereits teilweise industrialisierten England vollzog sich in der ersten Hälfte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts der Übergang der Chemie aus der handwerklichen Fertigung zur Wissenschaft. In diese Zeit wurde John Mercer hineingeboren. Als Autodidakt schaffte er den Weg zum Chemiker. Nicht zuletzt wegen zahlreicher Erfindungen erfreute er sich einer hohen Anerkennung. Am bekanntesten wurde Mercer durch die Entdeckung der Mercerisation, in der sein Name weiter lebt.
Nobelpreis für Chemie
Authors: Welter Kira 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDen Nobelpreis für Chemie 2016 teilen sich Jean‐Pierre Sauvage, J. Fraser Stoddart und Bernard (Ben) Feringa für die Entwicklung von molekularen Maschinen. Die drei Forscher haben Moleküle entworfen, deren Untereinheiten sich auf kontrollierte Weise gegeneinander bewegen lassen, wodurch sie unter bestimmten Bedingungen, beispielsweise bei Zufügen von Energie in Form von Licht, Aufgaben erledigen können. Die Wissenschaftler haben mit Ihrer Arbeit ein ganz neues Forschungsgebiet eröffnet. Die von ihnen beschriebenen Moleküle bilden die Grundlage für die unterschiedlichsten Nanomaschinen – von winzigen Motoren und steuerbaren Aufzügen bis hin zu molekularen Muskeln und Nanoautos. Das Potenzial der kleinen Maschinen ist groß. Man rechnet damit, sie eines Tages in der Nanomedizin oder bei der Herstellung von intelligenten Materialien einsetzen zu können.
Sehen alle Menschen Farben gleich?
Authors: Heller Philipp 
Published: December 2016

AbstractKönnen wir sicher sein, dass die Farben, wie wir sie wahrnehmen in gleicher Weise auch von anderen Menschen so gesehen werden? Eher nicht, es gibt abgesehen von ausgesprochenen Farbblindheiten Hinweise, dass Individuen Farben unterschiedlich wahrnehmen.
Using Dicyanoanthracene Triflates as Superior Precursors: Modifying Properties by Sterically Hindered Aryl Substituents
Authors: Glöcklhofer Florian , Kautny Paul , Fritz Patrick , Stöger Berthold , Fröhlich Johannes 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe preparation of 9,10‐dicyanoanthracene triflates is reported. Taking advantage of the high reactivity of these precursors in Suzuki coupling reactions, sterically hindered substituents were introduced. The impact of the substituents on the crystallographic and photophysical properties was investigated. The results highlight the usefulness of the new triflate derivatives and the substituents for the development of 9,10‐dicyanoanthracene‐based materials.