bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Macrophyte Stem Density and Structural Complexity on Foraging Return of Invertivorous Juvenile Largemouth Bass
Authors: Stahr Kristopher J. , Shoup Daniel E. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Aquatic vegetation can impact juvenile fishes through multiple pathways. Previous studies have found that dense macrophytes can cause a trade-off of survival for Bluegills Lepomis macrochirus, with decreased foraging efficiency in macrophytes but also decreased predation risk. For juvenile Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, this phenomenon has been proposed but never experimentally tested. In addition, little information exists on the effects of vegetation on juvenile Largemouth Bass prior to the shift to piscivory, a critical period in the recruitment process. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if aquatic vegetation reduces the foraging ability of invertivorous (prepiscivorous) juvenile Largemouth Bass. Twenty-four invertivorous juvenile Largemouth Bass were tested individually at each of five stem densities (0, 125, 250, 500, and 1,000 stems/m2) of artificial macrophytes within 20.8-liter aquaria. Five treatments of a simple stem architecture (at all stem densities) and three complex stem architecture treatments (125, 250, and 500 stems/m2) were used within this experiment. Complex stem density treatments were created using a branched design which doubled the string abundance (number of strings) within the water relative to corresponding stem densities in simple vegetation treatments. Thirty chironomid larvae were used as prey during each 15-minute foraging bout. Foraging return (number of chironomid larvae consumed/15-minute foraging bout) was not significantly different among all stem treatments. Therefore, our results suggest the predator avoidance advantage aquatic macrophytes provide to juvenile Largemouth Bass does not come with a trade-off in foraging efficiency (up to 1,000 stems/m2 vegetation density), at least when Largemouth Bass are prepiscivorous.
Received December 15, 2015; accepted March 23, 2016 Published online July 7, 2016
Characterization of iron-sulfur clusters in flavin-containing opine dehydrogenase
Authors: Watanabe Seiya , Tajima Kunihiko , Matsui Kazuma , Watanabe Yasuo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Flavin-containing opine dehydrogenase from Bradyrhizobium japonicum forms a heterooligomeric α4β4γ4 enzyme complex. An electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis using wild-type and site-directed mutants revealed that [4Fe-4S] and [2Fe-2S] clusters bind to two different types of [Fe-S] binding sites in the γ- and α-subunits, respectively. The latter was found to be important for structural folding and enzyme catalysis.
A Transdiagnostic Network Approach to Psychosis
Authors: Wigman Johanna T. W. , de Vos Stijn , Wichers Marieke , van Os Jim , Bartels-Velthuis Agna A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOur ability to accurately predict development and outcome of early expression of psychosis is limited. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying psychopathology, a broader, transdiagnostic approach that acknowledges the complexity of mental illness is required. The upcoming network paradigm may be fruitful here. In this study, we applied a transdiagnostic network approach to psychosis. Data pertain to the third wave (second follow-up) of a sample of adolescents originally recruited at age 7–8 years. At baseline, N = 347 children with auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) and N = 347 control children were included. N = 293 of these N = 694 children participated in the second follow-up (mean age 18.9 years; 59% women). Participants completed the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A specific type of network model, the Ising model, was applied to dichotomized CAPE and DASS items. Interconnections of experiences within the same domain were observed, as well as interconnections between experiences of multiple domains of psychopathology. Quantitative and qualitative differences in network architecture were found in networks of psychopathological experiences in individuals with or without AVH at age 7–8 years. Although adolescents with or without previous AVH did not differ in their current CAPE scores, differences in the interconnectedness of psychopathology items were still found, possibly mirroring a difference in psychosis liability. This study showed that it is possible to map transdiagnostic experiences of psychopathology as a network and that important information can be derived from this approach in comparison to regular approaches.
Donor deferral policies for men who have sex with men: where are we today?
Authors: Goldman Mindy , O’Brien Sheila F. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
The review summarizes recent publications on the contentious issue of donor deferral criterion for men who have sex with men (MSM).

Recent findings
Recent studies from the United States and China demonstrated that MSM is still a frequent risk factor for HIV-positive donors. Noncompliance is an important factor in the overall risk of HIV transmission but does not appear to be affected by the length of the deferral period. A major US study found a 2.6% noncompliance rate with the current indefinite deferral for MSM; similar or lower rates were found in other jurisdictions with shorter deferral periods. Several countries have had a defined deferral period of 1 year or 5 years in place long enough to determine that increases in HIV-positive cases predicted by modeling studies did not actually occur, suggesting that the assumptions made in these models are overly conservative.

Summary
In summary, MSM eligibility policies are slowly changing around the world, with the US FDA now permitting a 1-year deferral. Transparency, involvement of stakeholders, and careful evaluation of risk and societal benefit should be part of future policy discussions on this issue.
Oculometric Assessment of Sensorimotor Impairment Associated with TBI
Authors: Liston Dorion B. , Wong Lily R. , Stone Leland S. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Diffuse tissue damage from impact or blast traumatic brain injury (TBI) degrades information processing throughout the brain, often resulting in impairments in sensorimotor function. We have developed an eye-movement assessment test, consisting of a simple, appropriately randomized, radial tracking task together with a broad set of oculometric measures that can be combined to yield a sensitive overall indicator of sensorimotor functional status. We show here that this multidimensional method can be used to detect and characterize sensorimotor deficits associated with TBI.

Methods
To compare dynamic visuomotor processing of TBI subjects (n = 34) with a separate control population (n = 41), we used the Comprehensive Oculometric Behavioral Response Assessment (COBRA) method (Liston & Stone, J Vision. 14:12, 2014) to quantify 10 performance metrics for each subject. Each TBI subject's set of oculometrics was then combined to compute a single TBI impairment vector whose magnitude we refer to as the impairment index.

Results
In our TBI population, several individual oculometrics were significantly degraded, including pursuit latency, initial pursuit acceleration, pursuit gain, catch-up saccade amplitude, proportion smooth tracking, and speed responsiveness. Furthermore, the TBI impairment index discriminated TBI subjects from controls with an 81% probability that increased with self-reported TBI severity; although the 9 subjects self-reporting “little-to-no” residual impairment were statistically indistinguishable from controls (58% probability), the remaining 25 subjects were easily detectable (91% probability). Given the demonstrated link between higher-order visual perception/cognition and eye movements, we interpret the observed TBI-related impairments as degradations in the speed, accuracy, and precision of information processing within cortical circuits supporting higher-order visual processing and sensorimotor control, not just low-level brainstem motor deficits.

Conclusions
We conclude that multidimensional oculometric testing could be used as a sensitive screen for subtle neurological signs of subclinical neurological insults, to quantify functional impairment, to monitor deterioration or recovery, and to evaluate treatment efficacy.
Lid Wiper Epitheliopathy in Soft Contact Lens Wearers
Authors: Schulze Marc-Matthias , Srinivasan Sruthi , Hickson-Curran Sheila B. , Berntsen David A. , Howarth Gillian F. , Toubouti Youssef , Morgan Philip , Nichols Jason J. , Jones Lyndon W. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To evaluate lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) in soft contact lens (SCL) wearers on initial presentation and after using various SCL and solution combinations.

Methods
LWE was assessed in 253 habitual SCL wearers who attended a screening visit at one of three study sites. LWE was assessed using lissamine green and sodium fluorescein dyes (Korb scale); a final LWE grade was calculated as the averaged LWE grade of the two dyes. Eligible habitual wearers continued into the four study periods, during which they wore one of three SCL types (etafilcon A, galyfilcon A, or senofilcon A) while using each of four care solutions for 10 to 14 days in randomized order. Statistical analyses were performed using linear mixed models, testing for differences in LWE for subject characteristics and between three multipurpose (MPS) test solutions (BioTrue, OPTI-FREE PureMoist, RevitaLens OcuTec) compared to a hydrogen peroxide (Clear Care) control solution.

Results
LWE was present in 85% of habitual SCL wearers. LWE was not different for age (p = 0.28), sex (p = 0.99), race (p = 0.34), and comfort (p = 0.38) and not correlated with refractive error (r = 0.07). LWE was lower in habitual senofilcon A wearers (least-squares (LS) mean ± SE = 0.82 ± 0.19) compared to wearers of lotrafilcon B (1.34 ± 0.20; p < 0.02), comfilcon A (1.41 ± 0.21; p < 0.01), and other (1.18 ± 0.16; p < 0.03). Two hundred three participants completed all four study solutions with their assigned lens type; LWE was not different between the MPSs compared to the peroxide control solution across lens materials, except for less LWE for BioTrue (0.88 ± 0.17) versus Clear Care for participants wearing galyfilcon A (1.11 ± 0.18; p < 0.01).

Conclusions
On initial presentation, LWE was present in 85% of habitual wearers and found to be independent of age, sex, race, comfort, and refractive error but dependent on habitual SCL type. There were no clinically meaningful differences in LWE between the MPSs and hydrogen peroxide solution for the three lens types studied.
Topographic, Tomographic, and Aberrometric Characteristics of Post-LASIK Ectasia
Authors: Padmanabhan Prema , Rachapalle Reddi Sudhir , Sivakumar Poornima Devi 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To report the refractive, topographic, tomographic, and aberrometric characteristics of post-LASIK ectasia; to compare these characteristics with normal post-LASIK controls; and to propose a comprehensive system to grade the severity of post-LASIK ectasia.

Methods
The refraction, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), magnitude, and location of the steepest and thinnest point on the cornea, the highest anterior and posterior surface elevation, the radius of best fit sphere, corneal asphericity, and corneal aberrations were measured in 50 eyes of 29 patients with post-LASIK ectasia. These were compared with corresponding parameters in 50 eyes that did not develop ectasia for more than 1 year after LASIK. A logistic regression analysis was used to create a scoring system to grade the severity.

Results
Eyes with post-LASIK ectasia had significantly higher myopia with astigmatism and a lower CDVA than control eyes. Mean topographic toricity was 3.4 ± 1.9D, mean keratometry at the steepest point was 55.32 ± 6.63D, mean highest posterior elevation was 69.72 ± 3 μm, and mean coma was −2.06 ± 1.2 μm. All these parameters were significantly higher than corresponding values in the control group (p < 0.001 in all). Spherical aberration was more negative and the change in asphericity indicated significantly greater prolate shape of the cornea in eyes with post-LASIK ectasia compared to controls. Five parameters, namely, CDVA, spherical equivalent, highest posterior corneal elevation, spherical aberration, and corneal asphericity, were identified as significant predictors of post-LASIK ectasia and used to create a scoring system.

Conclusion
Post-LASIK ectasia is characterized by significant changes in refraction, topography, tomography, and aberrometry. The proposed scoring system may be useful in diagnosing, grading, and monitoring post-LASIK ectasia.
Visual Discrimination Increase by Yellow Filters in Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Cedrún-Sánchez Juan E. , Chamorro Eva , Bonnin-Arias Cristina , Aguirre-Vilacoro Victoria , Castro José J. , Sánchez-Ramos Celia 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The objective of this study was to evaluate, by halometry and under low illumination conditions, the effects of short-wavelength light absorbance filters on visual discrimination capacity in retinitis pigmentosa patients.

Methods
This was an observational, prospective, analytic, and transversal study on 109 eyes of 57 retinitis pigmentosa patients with visual acuity better than 1.25 logMAR. Visual disturbance index (VDI) was determined using the software Halo 1.0, with and without the interposition of filters which absorb (totally or partially) short-wavelength light between 380 and 500 nm.

Results
A statistically significant reduction in the VDI values determined using filters which absorb short-wavelength light was observed (p < 0.0001). The established VDIs in patients with VA logMAR <0.4 were 0.30 ± 0.05 (95% CI, 0.26–0.36) for the lens alone, 0.20 ± 0.04 (95% CI, 0.16–0.24) with the filter that completely absorbs wavelengths shorter than 450 nm, and 0.24 ± 0.04 (95% CI, 0.20–0.28) with the filter that partially absorbs wavelengths shorter than 450 nm, which implies a 20 to 33% visual discrimination capacity increase. In addition, a decrease of VDI in at least one eye was observed in more than 90% of patients when using a filter.

Conclusions
Short-wavelength light absorbance filters increase visual discrimination capacity under low illumination conditions in retinitis pigmentosa patients. Use of such filters constitutes a suitable method to improve visual quality related to intraocular light visual disturbances under low illumination conditions in this group of patients.
Soft Contact Lens-Related Symptoms in North America and the United Kingdom
Authors: Chalmers Robin L. , Young Graeme , Kern Jami , Napier Leslie , Hunt Chris 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeTo characterize and compare the prevalence of soft contact lens-related (SCL) dryness symptoms in large populations of SCL wearers in North America (NAm) and the United Kingdom (UK).MethodsSCL wearers from NAm (n = 1443) and UK (n = 932) sites completed self-administered questionnaires on SCL symptoms and wearing experiences. A categorization for contact lens-related dry eye (CL-DE) was applied that combined Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire (CLDEQ) items on dryness frequency and intensity at the end of the day (CL-DE+ = constantly/frequently/sometimes plus intensity = 3–5, and CL-DE- = never/rarely plus intensity = 0–1, Marginal = all other ratings). Data were analyzed across regions and categories, with p-values <0.05 significant.ResultsCompared to UK wearers, those in NAm wore fewer toric and multifocal designs, and reported significantly longer average and comfortable wearing times (p < 0.001) but similar levels of general and end-of-day comfort. The prevalence of CL-DE+ differed between the UK and NAm: CL-DE+: 31 vs. 39%, Marginal CL-DE: 13 vs. 14%, and CL-DE−: 56 vs. 47%, p = 0.0001. Although daily disposable (DD) lenses were worn more commonly in the UK than NAm (33 vs. 10%, p < 0.0001), their use did not impact the overall prevalence of dryness symptoms. Between regions, NAm wearers reported significantly more frequent and intense end-of-day discomfort and dryness (p < 0.0001) and were significantly more likely to use treatments for CL-related symptoms yet experienced a lower degree of relief.ConclusionsSCL wearers in NAm reported longer hours of wear with significantly more symptoms of dryness and discomfort. NAm wearers used dryness treatments more often, but experienced less relief than UK wearers. In both regions, the CL-DE categorization was useful to predict poorer comfort, shorter comfortable wearing time, and increased use of treatments. These results highlight the need to benchmark SCL performance locally or regionally to understand and focus on the challenges to the lens wearing experience.
Characteristic Distribution Pattern of CD30-positive Cytotoxic T Cells Aids Diagnosis of Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease
Authors: Tabata Tetsuya , Takata Katsuyoshi , Miyata-Takata Tomoko , Sato Yasuharu , Ishizawa Shin , Kunitomo Tomoyoshi , Nagakita Keina , Ohnishi Nobuhiko , Taniguchi Kohei , Noujima-Harada Mai , Maeda Yoshinobu , Tanimoto Mitsune , Yoshino Tadashi 
Published: July 2016

Introduction:
Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (or Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease) frequently occurs in Asian young adult females and typically presents as cervical lymphadenopathy with unknown etiology. Although large immunoblasts frequently appear in Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, the diffuse infiltration of these cells can cause difficulty in establishing a differential diagnosis from lymphoma. In such cases, CD30 immunostaining may be used; however, the extent or distribution pattern of CD30-positive cells in Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease remains largely unknown. Here we investigated the expression of CD30 and its clinicopathologic significance.

Materials and Methods:
We investigated 30 Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease and 16 control [6, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); 10, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH)] cases.

Results:
The number of CD30-positive cells in Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease was significantly more than that in SLE and RLH, and majority of these cells were located around necrotic areas. Moreover, double immunohistochemical staining showed these CD30-positive cells to be CD8-positive cytotoxic T cells, suggesting that activated cytotoxic T cells around necrotic areas are a characteristic feature of this disease. Clinicopathologic analysis showed that cases with abundant CD30-positive cells were predominantly female with only mild symptoms and normal laboratory data.

Conclusions:
In Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease cases, CD30-positive cytotoxic T cells were abundant around necrotic areas; this histologic feature may be helpful to differentiate this disease from SLE and RLH.
The Profunda Artery Perforator Flap Experience for Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Allen Robert J. , Lee Z-Hye , Mayo James L. , Levine Joshua , Ahn Christina , Allen Robert J. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
The profunda artery perforator flap was first introduced for breast reconstruction in 2010. In this article, the authors analyze the results of all profunda artery perforator flaps performed by their group to date.

Methods:
A retrospective review was completed of consecutive profunda artery perforator flaps performed by the senior author (R.J.A.) from 2010 to 2014. Patient demographics, indications, operative techniques, flap specifics, complications, and number of operations were recorded.

Results:
Ninety-six patients have undergone 164 profunda artery perforator flap operations for breast reconstruction since 2010. Reconstructions were performed following breast cancer management (59.5 percent), following prophylactic mastectomy for cancer risk reduction (35.7 percent), and for congenital breast deformity (4.8 percent). The average age of the patients was 48 years (range, 24 to 64 years) and their average body mass index was 22.5 kg/m2. Average flap weight was 367.4 g and average pedicle length was found to be 10.2 cm. The success rate of the profunda artery perforator flap was greater than 99 percent, with a 3 percent take-back rate and only one flap loss recorded. Complications included hematoma (1.9 percent), seroma (6 percent), fat necrosis (7 percent), and donor-site infection (1.9 percent).

Conclusions:
The profunda artery perforator flap is an excellent option for breast reconstruction. Advantages include a reliable blood supply, long pedicle, thick donor tissue, and a favorable donor site. Currently, the profunda artery perforator flap is second only to the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator among flaps used by the authors for breast reconstruction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
The increasing relevance of nuclear envelope myopathies
Authors: Meinke Peter , Schirmer Eric C. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of reviewNuclear envelope links to a wide range of disorders, including several myopathies and neuropathies over the past 2 decades, has spurred research leading to a completely changed view of this important cellular structure and its functions. However, the many functions now assigned to the nuclear envelope make it increasingly hard to determine which functions underlie these disorders.Recent findingsNew nuclear envelope functions in genome organization, regulation and repair, signaling, and nuclear and cellular mechanics have been added to its classical barrier function. Arguments can be made for any of these functions mediating abnormality in nuclear envelope disorders and data exist supporting many. Moreover, transient and/or distal nuclear envelope connections to other cellular proteins and structures may increase the complexity of these disorders.SummaryAlthough the increased understanding of nuclear envelope functions has made it harder to distinguish specific causes of nuclear envelope disorders, this is because it has greatly expanded the spectrum of possible mechanisms underlying them. This change in perspective applies well beyond the known nuclear envelope disorders, potentially implicating the nuclear envelope in a much wider range of myopathies and neuropathies.
Electrophysiology reveals the neural dynamics of naturalistic auditory language processing: event-related potentials reflect continuous model updates
Authors: Alday Phillip M. , Schlesewsky Matthias , Bornkessel-Schlesewsky Ina 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe recent trend away from ANOVA-based analyses places experimental investigations into the neurobiology of cognition in more naturalistic and ecologically valid designs within reach. Using mixed-effects models for epoch-based regression, we demonstrate the feasibility of examining event-related potentials (ERPs), and in particular the N400, to study the neural dynamics of auditory language processing in a naturalistic setting. Despite the large variability between trials during naturalistic stimulation, we replicated previous findings from the literature: frequency, animacy, word order. This suggests a new perspective on ERPs, namely as a continuous modulation reflecting continuous model updates (cf. Friston, 2005) instead of a series of discrete and essentially sequential processes.