bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Réduire les disparités de participation au dépistage du cancer colorectal par une organisation à la frontière du dispositif de prévention : quand analyse de terrain et théorie se rejoignent
Authors: Ramone-Louis Jennifer , Buthion Valérie 
Published: December 2016

Les inégalités sociales de santé sont un thème récurrent dans la littérature en santé de ces dernières années. Le cancer colorectal touche environ 40 000 personnes par an, 17 526 en sont décédées en 2011. Son dépistage contribue significativement à la baisse de la mortalité, en favorisant une prise en charge précoce. Depuis 2001, les autorités sanitaires françaises ont organisé une incitation systématique de la population des personnes âgées de 50 à 74 ans, dépistage auquel les populations de catégories socio-économiques les moins favorisées sont moins susceptibles de bénéficier. De 2012 à 2014, nous avons participé à l’étude interventionnelle française COLONAV, reproduisant une expérience née aux États Unis appelée « navigation program ». Le dispositif de navigation est une fonction intermédiaire permettant d’accéder à une population que le système de santé lui-même n’arrive pas à atteindre. Le design de ces programmes est décrit de façon sommaire et peu explicité dans ses fondements. Il n’est jamais étudié sur le plan théorique. L’étude approfondie du recrutement des navigateurs exposé dans la littérature américaine et l’expérience COLONAV permet de révéler les éléments qui contingentent le design de ce dispositif, ainsi que les fondements qui en assurent l’efficacité. Dans ce papier, nous étudions cette organisation par le prisme du profil de recrutement de celui qui porte le dispositif de navigation. Ce travail interroge sur la place dans le design du dispositif de cet intervenant supplémentaire. Est-il destiné à servir d’intermédiaire entre un système dont les dysfonctionnements sont nombreux et des personnes peu aptes à les surmonter ? Interroge-t-il sur la capacité de ce système à esquisser un modeste, mais nouveau design du dispositif de dépistage du cancer ? Ayant travaillé selon la perspective de la théorie ancrée (Grounded Theory), nous avons travaillé par abduction à partir des résultats de nos analyses pour identifier des pistes théoriques. Nous montrons comment le dispositif de navigation s’apparente à l’approche des organisations frontières développées à partir des travaux de Peton. Cette analyse théorique permet d’esquisser des pistes de réflexion quant à la manière d’organiser un dépistage accessible aux populations les plus éloignées actuellement des préoccupations qui l’ont fondé. Le dispositif de navigation, et donc par extension les navigateurs, sont une organisation frontière permettant de faire le lien et la traduction des attentes entre les différents organismes qui le composent et la population cible. Ils servent souvent d’intermédiaires entre un système dont les dysfonctionnements sont nombreux et des personnes peu aptes à les surmonter, mais dans le cadre du dépistage, leur fonction la plus intéressante est en amont de la levée des barrières logistiques, dans leur capacité à faire le lien de sens entre des objectifs divergents.
Vrai et faux Soleil(s) chez Gassendi
Authors: Taussig Sylvie 
Published: December 2016

Quel que soit le caractère nécessairement insuffisant de la traduction de spurius par faux, la question du vrai et des faux soleils est au cœur de l’émergence de la méthode expérimentale dont Gassendi est un des héros. Premier astronome à observer le passage de Mercure devant le Soleil, il affirme, à travers ses Lettres en latin, sa position dans la république des lettres et la conception de la vérité sous-jacente à la méthode expérimentale : il n’y a pas d’opposition entre l’apparence et la réalité ; la perception est le point de passage obligé de la connaissance de la réalité ; toutes les théories anciennes, une fois pensées, trouvent leur place dans la recherche de la vérité. Le Soleil, n’étant pas central dans sa théorie de la connaissance, devient curieusement central dans sa mise en place d’un style philosophique.
L’« ordre géométrique » et le dispositif argumentatif des Méditations métaphysiques de René Descartes
Authors: Dubouclez Olivier 
Published: December 2016

Si aucun élément n’atteste à première vue de la présence d’un modèle mathématique au sein des Méditations métaphysiques , la revendication de Descartes d’avoir suivi le « mos geometricus » nous invite à surmonter cette impression pour réexaminer son art de la méditation. En relisant les principales lettres de 1640 (où Descartes caractérise et critique sa démarche métaphysique), en prenant acte de la continuité qui relie ces lettres aux dernières pages des Secondes réponses de 1641, on voit émerger un modèle argumentatif de nature mathématique s’appuyant sur la notion classique de l’analyse des géomètres. Mais, si l’analyse participe activement à la concrétisation de « l’ordre des raisons » dans le contexte du doute hyperbolique, cette analyse s’entend en un sens nouveau, proprement cartésien, où sont combinés deux outils argumentatifs communs à la géométrie et à la métaphysique, la supposition et l’énumération. Cet article cherche à montrer en quel sens le dispositif central de la métaphysique cartésienne peut être dit authentiquement géométrique sans relever pourtant d’une « chaîne de raisons » strictement linéaire.
Des évolutionnismes sans mécanisme
Authors: Herring Emily 
Published: December 2016

Albert Vandel et Pierre-Paul Grassé furent des zoologistes reconnus et influents en France dès le milieu du xx e siècle. Ils furent également, en France, parmi les derniers opposants scientifiques aux thèses du néodarwinisme, défendant une forme de néolamarckisme jusque dans les années 1980. Leurs théories ne sont pas équivalentes mais sont toutes deux fondées sur l’idée que l’évolution est le résultat de processus et de réactions internes à l’organisme, qu’elle est orientée dans le sens d’une complexification du psychisme mais qu’elle est tout de même « créatrice », au sens où elle est imprévisible et porteuse de nouveautés. Ils ne proposent néanmoins jamais de mécanisme pouvant constituer une alternative à la sélection naturelle. Notre analyse des arguments que Vandel et Grassé avancent contre les thèses du néodarwinisme nous conduira à montrer que leur évolutionnisme repose sur leurs thèses cosmogoniques et métaphysiques. On retrouve dans ces thèses des éléments de la métaphysique d’Henri Bergson et de la cosmogonie théologique de Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. Leurs postulats scientifiques et métaphysiques diffèrent, parfois de manière très importante, mais leur vision de l’Homme, de la valeur et la destinée de l’humanité, semble être le point où convergent leurs pensées, justifiant leur rejet commun de l’adaptation et du hasard darwiniens et leur vision philosophique de la biologie.
Staphylococcus aureus Protein A Disrupts Immunity Mediated by Long-Lived Plasma Cells
Authors: Keener Amanda B. , Thurlow Lance T. , Kang SunAh , Spidale Nicholas A. , Clarke Stephen H. , Cunnion Kenji M. , Tisch Roland , Richardson Anthony R. , Vilen Barbara J. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Infection with Staphylococcus aureus does not induce long-lived protective immunity for reasons that are not completely understood. Human and murine vaccine studies support a role for Abs in protecting against recurring infections, but S. aureus modulates the B cell response through expression of staphylococcus protein A (SpA), a surface protein that drives polyclonal B cell expansion and induces cell death in the absence of costimulation. In this murine study, we show that SpA altered the fate of plasmablasts and plasma cells (PCs) by enhancing the short-lived extrafollicular response and reducing the pool of bone marrow (BM)-resident long-lived PCs. The absence of long-lived PCs was associated with a rapid decline in Ag-specific class-switched Ab. In contrast, when previously inoculated mice were challenged with an isogenic SpA-deficient S. aureus mutant, cells proliferated in the BM survival niches and sustained long-term Ab titers. The effects of SpA on PC fate were limited to the secondary response, because Ab levels and the formation of B cell memory occurred normally during the primary response in mice inoculated with wild-type or SpA-deficient S. aureus mutant. Thus, failure to establish long-term protective Ab titers against S. aureus was not a consequence of diminished formation of B cell memory; instead, SpA reduced the proliferative capacity of PCs that entered the BM, diminishing the number of cells in the long-lived pool.
Cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking in Kawasaki disease convalescence
Authors: Bratis Konstantinos , Hachmann Pauline , Child Nicholas , Krasemann Thomas , Hussain Tarique , Mavrogeni Sophie , Botnar Rene , Razavi Reza , Greil Gerald 
Published: December 2016

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine whether left ventricular (LV) myocardial deformation indices can detect subclinical abnormalities in Kawasaki disease convalescence. We hypothesized that subclinical myocardial abnormalities due to inflammation represent an early manifestation of the disease that persists in convalescence.

Background:
Myocardial inflammation has been described as a global finding in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease. Despite normal systolic function by routine functional measurements, reduced longitudinal strain and strain rate have been detected by echocardiography in the acute phase.

Methods and Results:
Peak systolic LV myocardial longitudinal, radial, and circumferential strain and strain rate were examined in 29 Kawasaki disease convalescent patients (15 males; mean [standard deviation] age: 11 [6.6] years; median interval from disease onset: 5.8 [5.4] years) and 10 healthy volunteers (5 males; mean age: 14 [3.8] years) with the use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature tracking. Routine indices of LV systolic function were normal in both groups. Comparisons were made between normal controls and (i) the entire Kawasaki disease group, (ii) Kawasaki disease subgroup divided by coronary artery involvement. Average longitudinal and circumferential strain at all levels was lower in patients compared to normal controls. In subgroup analysis, both Kawasaki disease patients with and without a history of coronary involvement had similar longitudinal and circumferential strain at all levels and lower when compared to controls. There were lower circumferential and longitudinal values in Kawasaki disease patients with persisting coronary artery lesions when compared to those with regressed ones.

Conclusion:
In this CMR study in Kawasaki disease convalescent patients with preserved routine functional indices, we detected lower circumferential and longitudinal strain values compared to normal controls, irrespective of the coronary artery status.
Multimodality Imaging Characteristics of the Common Renal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes: An Analysis of 544 Pathologically Proven Tumors
Authors: Fu Winnie , Huang Guan , Moloo Zaahir , Girgis Safwat , Patel Vimal H , Low Gavin 
Published: December 2016

Objectives:The objective of this study was to define the characteristic imaging appearances of the common renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes.Materials and Methods:The Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this HIPAA-compliant retrospective study, and informed consent was waived. 520 patients (336 men, 184 women; age range, 22–88 years) underwent preoperative cross-sectional imaging of 544 RCCs from 2008 to 2013. The imaging appearances of the RCCs and clinical information were reviewed. Data analysis was performed using parametric and nonparametric statistics, descriptive statistics, and receiver operating characteristic analysis.Results:The RCC subtypes showed significant differences (P< 0.001) in several imaging parameters such as tumor margins, tumor consistency, tumor homogeneity, the presence of a central stellate scar, T2 signal intensity, and the degree of tumor enhancement. Low T2 signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allowed differentiation of papillary RCC from clear cell and chromophobe RCCs with 90.9% sensitivity and 93.1% specificity. A tumor-to-cortex ratio ≥1 on the corticomedullary phase had 98% specificity for clear cell RCC.Conclusion:The T2 signal intensity of the tumor on MRI and its degree of enhancement are useful imaging parameters for discriminating between the RCC subtypes while gross morphological findings offer additional value in RCC profiling.
Horizontal Long Axis Imaging Plane for Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Chaturvedi Abhishek , Whitnah Joseph , Maki Jeffrey H , Baran Timothy , Mitsumori Lee M 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a horizontal long axis (HLA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plane aligned to the long axis of the right ventricular (RV) cavity for functional analysis by comparing the measurement variability and time required for the analysis with that using a short-axis (SAX) image orientation.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-four cardiac MRI exams with cine balanced steady-state free precession image stacks in both the SAX and the HLA of the RV (RHLA) were evaluated. Two reviewers independently traced RV endocardial borders on each image of the cine stacks. The time required to complete each set of traces was recorded, and the RV end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction were calculated. Analysis times and RV measurements were compared between the two orientations.

Results:
Analysis time for each reviewer was significantly shorter for the RHLA stack (reviewer 1 = 6.4 ± 1.8 min, reviewer 2 = 6.0 ± 3.3 min) than for the SAX stack (7.5 ± 2.1 and 6.9 ± 3.6 min, respectively; P < 0.002). Bland–Altman analysis revealed lower mean differences, limits of agreement, and coefficients of variation for RV measurements obtained with the RHLA stack.

Conclusions:
RV functional analysis using a RHLA stack resulted in shorter analysis times and lower measurement variability than for a SAX stack orientation.
Strategies of participle agreement with conjoined subjects in Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian
Authors: Leko Nedžad , Čordalija Nermina , Jovović Ivana , Marijanović Nevenka , Perković Lidija , Telalagić Dženana , Bešić Amra , Šaljić Midhat 
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we demonstrate that Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS), like Slovenian, has three distinct strategies of subject-predicate agreement when the subject consists of conjoined noun phrases: 1. agreement with the maximal projection – a Boolean Phrase (&P), 2. agreement with the conjunct which is closest to the participle, and 3. agreement with the conjunct which is hierarchically the highest. In order to test the initial hypothesis that there are three agreement strategies, we conducted a controlled experimental study of the morphosyntax of agreement between conjoined subjects and participles in BCS, which consisted of an oral production experiment and a written production experiment. These experiments revealed a high presence of default agreement and closest conjunct agreement in the language. 50% of preverbal conjoined phrases elicited the default masculine agreement and 95% of postverbal conjoined noun phrases elicited the closest conjunct agreement. However, the bulk of the analysis focused on the possibility of treating the highest conjunct agreement (HCA) as a legitimate agreement strategy. 7% of all of the agreement forms in the subject preverbal (SV) examples demonstrated HCA. These figures increased to 13% if individual conditions were considered. Last conjunct agreement (LCA) for subject postverbal (VS) examples, on the other hand, was only present in 1% of the examples. For this reason, we classified them as performance errors and refuted LCA as an agreement strategy. These results are contrary to Bošković’s findings (2009), in which he does not acknowledge HCA as a legitimate strategy, however, our results do confirm the findings of Marušič et al. (2015).
ARMS-PCR based diagnosis of APCB and KRAS genes in colorectal cancer patients in Iraqi Sulaimania province
Authors: Salih Gaza Farag , Sudad Shad 
Published: December 2016

Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) assay is achieved for 30 blood samples of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients including 17 male and 13 female in order to determine the mutations in APCB gene and a proto-oncogene KRAS. ARMS-PCR analysis shows that all 30 samples are negative for I1307K variant (APCB) and seven common mutations in codons 12 and 13 (APCB). In addition two CRC patient samples are randomly chosen and purified for sequencing at Genome Center/KOYA University, then the sequence of the samples were BLAST on NCBI Website. The sequence alignment showed that both samples were wild for I1307K (APCB) and (G12S, G12C, G12A, G12D, G12V, G13D) (KRAS). We believe that these variants might absent in CRC patients of Iraqi Sulaimania province.
A divisão da cristandade: da reforma protestante à era do iluminismo - Resenha
Authors: Andrade Ritz Claudia Danielle 
Published: December 2016

<p>Livro:</p><p>DAWSON, Christopher. <strong>A divisão da cristandade</strong>: Da reforma protestante à era do iluminismo. São Paulo: É Realizações Editora, 2014. </p>
Religião e as teias do Multiculturalismo- Resenha
Authors: Albuquerque Klaus Paz 
Published: December 2016

<p>Livro</p><p> OLIVEIRA, Irene Dias de. <strong>Religião e as teias do multiculturalismo. </strong>São Paulo: Fonte Editorial, 2015. 97p. ISBN 978-85-68252-55-0 </p>
Van Allen Probes observation of a 360° phase shift in the flux modulation of injected electrons by ULF waves
Authors: Chen X.‐R. , Zong Q.‐G. , Zhou X.‐Z. , Blake J. Bernard , Wygant J. R. , Kletzing C. A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe present Van Allen Probe observation of drift‐resonance interaction between energetic electrons and ultralow frequency (ULF) waves on 29 October 2013. Oscillations in electron flux were observed at the period of ∼450 s, which is also the dominant period of the observed ULF magnetic pulsations. The phase shift of the electron fluxes (∼50 to 150 keV) across the estimated resonant energy (∼104 keV) is ∼360°. This phase relationship is different from the characteristic 180° phase shift as expected from the drift‐resonance theory. We speculate that the additional 180° phase difference arises from the inversion of electron phase space density (PSD) gradient, which in turn is caused by the drift motion of the substorm injected electrons. This PSD gradient adjusts the characteristic particle signatures in the drift‐resonance theory, which indicates a coupling effect between the magnetotail and the radiation belt and helps to better understand the wave‐particle interaction in the magnetosphere.
Climatology of high‐β plasma measurements in Earth's inner magnetosphere
Authors: Cohen Ross , Gerrard Andrew J. , Lanzerotti Louis J. , Soto‐Chavez A. R. , Kim Hyomin , Manweiler Jerry W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSince their launch in August 2012, the Radiation Belt Storm Probe Ion Composition Experiment (RBSPICE) instruments on the NASA Van Allen Probes spacecraft have been making continuous high‐resolution measurements of Earth's ring current plasma environment. After a full traversal through all magnetic local times, a climatology (i.e., a survey of observations) of high‐beta (β) plasma events (defined here as β > 1) as measured by the RBSPICE instrument in the ∼45 keV to ∼600 keV proton energy range in the inner magnetosphere (L < 5.8) has been constructed. In this paper we report this climatology of such high‐β plasma occurrences, durations, and their general characteristics. Specifically, we show that most high‐β events in the RBSPICE energy range are associated with postdusk/premidnight sector particle injections or plasma patches and can last from minutes to hours. While most of these events have a β less than 2, there are a number of observations reaching β greater than 4. Other observations of particular note are high‐β events during relatively minor geomagnetic storms and examples of very long duration high‐β plasmas. We show that high‐β plasmas are a relatively common occurrence in the inner magnetosphere during both quiet and active times. As such, the waves generated by these plasmas may have an underappreciated role in the inner magnetosphere, and thus the study of these plasmas and their instabilities may be more important than has been currently addressed.
A dedicated H‐beta meridian scanning photometer for proton aurora measurement
Authors: Unick Craig W. , Donovan Eric , Connors Martin , Jackel Brian 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAn instrument designed to measure the location and brightness of auroral emissions from energetic proton precipitation is described. This photometer scans from the north to south horizon with a stepper motor and mirror. The scans are configured in software for a 30 s cadence with equally spaced samples along a meridian at constant altitude. Broadband light is separated into two channels with a novel optical splitter. This splitter uses a filter that has high transmission for the signal channel and high reflection on both the long‐ and short‐wavelength sides to reflect the combined background passbands, directing each channel to its respective detector. The half‐cone angle and angle of incidence of this splitter filter allow for an overall compact optical design that also provides superior sensitivity in both signal and background channels. The signal channel is 3 nm wide full width at half maximum (FWHM) at 486.1 nm, and the background channel comprises two 3 nm wide FWHM passbands at 480 nm and 495 nm created by a single filter. Both of these channels are measured with photomultiplier tubes in photon‐counting mode. Calibrations indicate a response of around 1000 c/s per rayleigh. Data are currently acquired in 5 ms bins with a Nyquist frequency of 100 Hz. The first system (Forty‐Eight Sixty‐One (FESO)‐1) has been operating at Athabasca University since February 2014, and the second system (FESO‐2) was deployed at Lucky Lake, Saskatchewan, in October 2015. The improved sensitivity over legacy instruments and the simultaneous measurement of signal and background enable operation during intervals with dynamic electron aurora and scattered moonlight.
North‐south asymmetries in cold plasma density in the magnetotail lobes: Cluster observations
Authors: Haaland S. , Lybekk B. , Maes L. , Laundal K. , Pedersen A. , Tenfjord P. , Ohma A. , Østgaard N. , Reistad J. , Snekvik K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we present observations of cold (0–70 eV) plasma density in the magnetotail lobes. The observations and results are based on 16 years of Cluster observation of spacecraft potential measurements converted into local plasma densities. Measurements from all four Cluster spacecraft have been used, and the survey indicates a persistent asymmetry in lobe density, with consistently higher cold plasma densities in the northern lobe. External influences, such as daily and seasonal variations in the Earth's tilt angle, can introduce temporary north‐south asymmetries through asymmetric ionization of the two hemispheres. Likewise, external drivers, such as the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field can set up additional spatial asymmetries in outflow and lobe filling. The persistent asymmetry reported in this paper is also influenced by these external factors but is mainly caused by differences in magnetic field configuration in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere ionospheres.