bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher maternal bread and thiamine intakes are associated with increased infant allergic disease
Authors: Pretorius Rachelle A. , McKinnon Elizabeth , Palmer Debra J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundA mother's diet during pregnancy may influence her infant's immune development. However, as potential interactions between components of our dietary intakes can make any nutritional analysis complex, here we took a multi‐component dietary analysis approach.MethodsNutritional intake data was collected from 639 pregnant women using a validated semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire to reflect their dietary intakes during 32–36 weeks of gestation. To investigate their dietary intake pattern, we calculated Dietary Inflammatory Index scores. Maternal consumption of 12 food groups, 20 individual whole foods, and 18 specific nutrient intakes, along with any vitamin and mineral supplementation, were determined. Infant outcomes included eczema, allergen sensitization, and IgE‐mediated food allergy. Regression‐based analyses with covariates adjustment were applied.ResultsWomen with higher white bread consumption were more likely to have an infant with doctor‐diagnosed eczema (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.16; 95% CI 1.08, 1.24; p < .001) and IgE‐mediated food allergy (aRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.02, 1.28; p = .02). Higher maternal intakes of fiber‐rich bread (aRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.04, 1.25; p = .01) and legumes (aRR 1.11; 95% CI 1.02, 1.21; p = .02) were also associated with infant doctor‐diagnosed eczema. Higher maternal thiamine intakes were associated with increased parent‐reported infant eczema (aRR 1.08; 95% CI 1.03, 1.12; p < .001).ConclusionIn Australia, where bread flour is fortified with thiamine, we identified consistent links between higher maternal thiamine‐rich diets and increased risk of infant eczema and food allergy. Our results highlight a need for further investigation of potential effects of high thiamine exposures on immune development, especially in‐utero.
Moving Beyond Regulation: Cross‐Sectoral Coordination in Providing Holistic Care in For‐Profit Residential Homes for Disabled People
Authors: Cui Jialiang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe recent decades have seen an increasing trend in market‐oriented reforms in long‐term care, yet concerns about the quality of care persist, especially with for‐profit providers. Recently, Hong Kong has pioneered a shift from reinforcing government regulation to a collaborative model that leverages the capabilities of the nonprofit sector to support for‐profit providers. A key aspect of this approach is the coordination involving different sectors, which remains a less explored domain in health and social care literature. Through interviews and focus groups with stakeholders, including nonprofit operators, for‐profit providers, service users, and their carers, this study explored the coordinated work process in this newly initiated project. Analysis of participant accounts highlights the importance of relational coordination to the approach, as effective coordination among stakeholders in this context greatly depended on the quality of stakeholder relationships. This coordination was characterized by shared goals, shared knowledge, and timely, problem‐solving, and supportive communication. The dedicated efforts of nonprofit operators supported relational coordination by acting as a ‘boundary spanner’ that liaised with major stakeholders, and serving as a change agent which seized every opportunity to enhance the quality of coordination in the original system. The paper showcases a successful approach that utilizes cross‐sectoral coordination to enhance service quality in the private sector and reveals various strategies and concerns in engaging for‐profit operators, demonstrating a promising way for closer collaboration between the two sectors to mitigate the mixed effects of the marketization of long‐term care.
What does a scientist look like? Children's perceptions of scientist gender and skin tone
Authors: Joy Angelina , Mathews Channing J. , Hartstone‐Rose Adam , Mulvey Kelly Lynn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhen asked to draw a scientist, children typically draw a gender stereotypical male representation; however, research has not yet assessed these representations in terms of scientist stereotypical skin tone. The current study examined children's (N = 69, 66.7% female, Mage = 7.60, SD = 2.13) scientist perceptions by analyzing both the gender and skin tone of their scientist drawings as well as stereotypical features represented (lab coats, scientific instruments, etc.). This study also examined how these perceptions as reflected in the drawings were related to children's explicit gender stereotypes and their science growth mindset. Boys were less likely to draw a female scientist than were girls. Additionally, children with higher growth mindset were more likely to draw a female scientist. Lastly, with age, children were less likely to draw a female scientist, or a darker skin‐toned scientist as compared with a male or lighter skin‐toned scientist and were more likely to draw a scientist with stereotypical features. This study furthers our knowledge of children's perceptions about scientists.
Lead Isotopes Constrain Precambrian Crustal Architecture, Thermal History and Lithospheric Foundering in Laurentia
Authors: Hillenbrand Ian W. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTLaurentia (ancestral North America) records nearly 4 billion years of crustal evolution. Here, a newly compiled continental‐scale Pb isotopic database is used to evaluate the Precambrian crustal evolution of Laurentia. Pb model ages yield a 2.7 Ga peak, a 2.5–1.8 Ga minimum and 1.8–0.9 Ga continuum. Pb model ages yield thermochronometric data and track crustal growth via arc‐related magmatism and accretionary orogenesis. Model 232Th/204Pb and 238U/204Pb broadly correlate with mapped crustal domains. More homogeneous and less radiogenic 238U/204Pb and 232Th/238U after 2.7 Ga suggests a shift to more juvenile sources, loss of early isotopic reservoirs and greater crustal reworking. U and Th are fractionated from Pb in Proterozoic orogens with abundant ferroan and anorthosite–mangerite–charnockite–granite(AMCG)‐suite magmatism. This fractionation suggests the removal of Pb‐rich lower crust, supporting petrogenetic models involving lithospheric foundering and magmatic underplating. Lithospheric thinning and associated magmatism may have contributed to high middle Proterozoic geothermal gradients.
A comprehensive approach to continuous quality improvement of massive transfusion by developing key performance indicators
Authors: Ninan Ancy , Krishnan Vimal , Shastry Shamee , Mohan Ganesh , Chenna Deepika , Madkaiker Deep , Balakrishnan Jayaraj Mymbilly 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo develop key performance indicators (KPI) for use in quality assessment of our institutional goal‐directed massive transfusion (GDMT).Materials and MethodsA team comprising our transfusion and emergency medicine departments carried out a cross‐sectional data analysis of GDMT in adult patients from January 2021 to December 2022. The study was rooted in the Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control (DMAIC) approach. Features of KPIs were (a) importance, (b) scientific soundness and (c) feasibility. Study parameters were defined and analysed using measures of central tendencies and benchmark comparison.ResultsNinety‐two massive transfusion events occurred and 1405 blood components were used. Trauma was the leading cause, followed by postpartum haemorrhage and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Appropriate GDMT activation was observed only in 43.47% of events. The turnaround time (TAT) was within the benchmark in 85.8% of events with an average of 16 ± 10 min. The average utilization of blood components was 20.5 (interquartile range [IQR] = 11.3) in the appropriate group and 5.5 (IQR = 4.25) in the inappropriate group with a wastage rate of 3.5%. Duration of activation was 6.19 ± 4.59 h, and the adherence to thromboelastography was 66.3%. Overall mortality was 45.65%, and the average duration of hospital stay was 6.1 ± 5.9 days.ConclusionThe KPIs developed were easy to capture, and the analysis provided a comprehensive approach to the quality improvement of the GDMT protocol.
Experiences of empathy of caregivers caring for persons with dementia: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Han Meiling , Sethabouppha Hunsa , Chaloumsuk Nonglak , Bhatarasakoon Patraporn 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
The aim of this systematic review will be to explore the experiences of empathy in informal caregivers caring for persons with dementia.

Introduction:
Positive caregiving experiences of informal caregivers caring for persons with dementia have many beneficial outcomes, such as improved well-being of both caregivers and care receivers and a higher quality of care for the persons with dementia. Empathy is a factor associated with positive caregiving experiences and is strongly correlated with reduced depression and reduced anxiety in informal caregivers of persons with dementia. Therefore, it is essential to understand the experiences of empathy, especially the caregiver characteristics such as their caring behaviors, relationship with the patient, and cultural beliefs.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include studies on the empathy experiences of informal caregivers caring for persons with any type of dementia. It will consider qualitative studies, including, but not limited to, designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research, and feminist research.

Methods:
This study will follow the JBI guidance for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence and will use the meta-aggregation approach to synthesise qualitative studies. The search strategy will aim to locate both published and unpublished studies in English, Chinese, and Thai, with no date restrictions. Methodological quality will be evaluated using the standard JBI critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research. The findings will be pooled using the meta-aggregation approach or will be presented in narrative format.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42023490472
On Complex Liquid-Gas Interface Morphology Beyond Spherical Drop and Bubble Through Surface Curvature Distribution (SCD)
Authors: Demoulin François Xavier , Huang Longxiang , Vegad Chetankumar , Réveillon Julien , Duret Benjamin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Liquid-gas flow are very common in many applications where interactions of interest between both phases are controlled by the state of the liquid-gas interface. This interface can have a very complex morphology but only few morphologic states have been studied intensively: when the interface has small deformation from an initial known state linear instability formalism can be used; when one phase is dispersed in the other one (bubbly cloud or spray), the dispersed phase can be considered as a discrete phase in a carrier phase and the so-called multiphase flow formalism holds. For this latter case droplet and bubble are characterized by their diameter and determining the diameter distribution is generally one of the principals aims of the description. However, there are many other regimes that does not correspond to these three situations. For instance, when liquid and gas volume fraction are between 10% and 90% in a turbulent flow, the so-called dense regime occurs. It may contain bubbles or droplets, but they interact strongly leading to interface deformation that are far from being spherical. Thus, it is not possible to characterize droplets and bubble by their diameter distribution since diameter is not defined. A representative application of this problem concerns atomization process: typically, a liquid flow is forced to interact with an external gas leading to an evolution of the liquid volume fraction from 100% to less than 1%, thus main mechanism of atomization occurs within the dense regime with the aim to produce a spray with a controlled diameter distribution. Accordingly, we have researched a way to describe the interface complex morphology from the early stage of liquid jet destabilization up to the formation of the final spray. Initially, thanks to direct numerical simulation (DNS) we have studied the interface morphology with the surface curvature distribution (SCD) [1] among other possibility [2]. The SCD allows to describe continuously the destabilization of the initial liquid structure, through complex interface such a as ligament, blobs, liquid sheet until the apparition of first spherical structures which ultimately become droplets. Beyond the description of the interface it has been possible to show that a careful analysis of the liquid-gas surface through the SCD allows for determining at early stage of the atomization process the final characteristics of the spray, even its diameter distribution [3]. Present works are developing on two directions: the way to measure directly the surface curvature distribution experimentally thanks to 2PLIF and contour analysis, careful DNS simulation of different break up process to elucidate more generally the evolution and the dynamic of the surface curvature distribution.
Linear Versus Non-Linear Machine Learning Feature Selection for Erosion Rate Prediction
Authors: Li Yijie (Jamie) , Zhang Jun , McKinney Brett , Karimi Soroor , Shirazi Siamack A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Machine learning feature has been utilized to demonstrate the importance and prioritize the parameters in erosion rate prediction. With the expansion of experimental data, application of machine learning models has become more feasible. Feature selection is critical for machine learning to make models more physically interpretable while reducing the dimensionality of the models to reduce over fitting. Previous data-driven erosion rate predictions used all parameters from the experimental data to train the models. Thus, previous studies did not examine feature importance and correlation structure during training of machine learning models. In the current study, first a correlation to identify linear relationships between variables and the erosion rates has been used. However, not all the parameters are linearly correlated with the physics of the erosion process. Moreover, extra model parameters in a high dimensional model could lead to over fitting. Thus, we compare linear (Elastic Net, Penalized Linear Regression) and non-linear (Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting) machine learning feature selection for erosion rate prediction to find the most important minimal set of features affecting erosion rate. Understanding the differences between features selected by linear and non-linear methods provides us with experimental guidance and predictive inputs for more physically motivated and generalizable erosion prediction models.
Enhancing RANS Simulations Through Neural Network-Optimized Closure Coefficients
Authors: Schlichter Philipp , Sebald Jonas , Pieringer Jutta , Indinger Thomas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations play a vital role in engineering, assisting flow field prediction and shape optimization. While machine learning (ML) based methods have shown significant advances in these tasks, traditional flow simulations, particularly those based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, continue to be widely used. To address the inherent challenges in RANS simulations, this study investigates the use of ML techniques by optimizing the closure coefficients of the k-ω SST RANS turbulence model with an artificial neural network (ANN) to refine the simulation setup. This optimization process focuses on a bluff body geometry characterized by flow separation and wake regions. A 2D cylinder is selected as the geometry of interest for detailed investigation. Multiple simulations of the same geometry with varying closure coefficients, obtained through the Design of Experiment (DoE) methodology, are conducted to generate training data. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) reduces dimensionality in the simulation results, facilitating efficient data handling. The ANN model is trained to predict the closure coefficients used based on the simulated flow fields. A reference is set using a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for the same geometry. Consequently, the trained model enables the adjustment of coefficients to tune the flow field towards the reference, ensuring desirable outcomes while preserving the computational efficiency of RANS simulations.
Analysis of Instability Phenomena Occurring in a Centrifugal Pump With a Low-Solidity Fan-Type Inducer
Authors: Narimatsu Shimpei , Nakayama Sota , Konno Shinichi , Ejiri Shinichiro , Miyabe Masahiro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study aims to clarify the causes of flow instabilities in low-solidity inducers. High-speed photography was utilized to observe the instability phenomena around a low-solidity inducer. Additionally, FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) analysis was conducted to classify the characteristics of the static pressure fluctuation at the suction side, discharge side, and near the inducer. Furthermore, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) calculations were performed to investigate the internal flow around the inducer. As a result of this study, the instability phenomena were caused by the leak back flow at the inlet of the impeller. The pressure pulsations occurring in a pump with a low-solidity inducer is caused by cavitation formation and dissipation at the tailing edge of the inducer. This phenomenon is due to the leakage flow from the impeller, which alters the primary flow of the inducer, resulting in a backflow vortex at the tailing edge and subsequent cavitation. Cavitation will not occur at the tailing edge without the influence of the impeller leakage flow. The impact of the impeller leakage flow is intermittent, and the periodic phenomena lead to pressure pulsations.
Comparative Study of Erosion in Elbows and Cushion Tees and Implications for Modeling and Geometry Selection
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Jamie (Yijie) , Karimi Soroor , Shirazi Siamack 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cushion tees are used in mining and oil and gas transportation pipelines to reduce erosion compared to elbows. However, the effectiveness of this approach is under investigation as pipeline failures due to solid particle erosion have also been found in the field with the use of cushion tees instead of elbows. With a large amount of erosion data collected at the Erosion/Corrosion Research center at the University of Tulsa, CFD models can be calibrated and then used for predicting erosion in elbows and cushion tees for conditions that are seen in the field. Therefore, as the first step of the present work, CFD model is validated with various experimental data for erosion in elbows covering a wide range of process conditions from single phase flow to multiphase flow. Experiments are also conducted to investigate erosion characteristics in cushion tees under multiphase flow conditions and used as benchmark for calibrating the CFD model. Afterwards, the validated CFD model is applied to simulate erosion in both elbows and cushion tees under various flow conditions to unveil the maximum erosion ratio for the two geometries, which provides insights of erosion resistance capability of the geometries. The present work has greatly extended the CFD model to predict erosion in large pipe diameter pipes which are often used in the field. Finally, the obtained information can be used to draw an erosion resistance envelope for the geometries as a function of Stokes number and/or other related process parameters. Thus, presenting a comprehensive reference for engineering modeling, design, and geometry selection and provides a valuable tool for engineering design and prediction under complex conditions.
Advanced Smart-Oriented Approach in Creation of Modern Ultrasonic Meters
Authors: Gryshanova Iryna , Rak Andrii 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The main goal of our research is based on the development of scientifically substantiated methodology for improving the design and ensuring the proper installation of modern ultrasonic meters. Their measurement principle is based on local flow velocity measurements in some defined planes, followed by mathematical transformations of the obtained results to estimate the flow rate as a whole by a circular cross-section in closed pressurized pipelines. In fact, the design of most current ultrasonic “time-of-flight” meters is based on this approach.
The specific activities of the investigation are focused on:
- development of the database using mathematical descriptions of flows with distorted axial symmetry caused by typical elements of closed pressurized pipelines;
- research of the degree of real flow disturbances influence on the measurement results of ultrasonic meters with different locations of measuring paths;
- development of scientifically substantiated methodology for optimal design and information processing algorithms aimed to improve the accuracy of ultrasonic meters in conditions of flow distortion.
The main task is to investigate both the flow characteristic at the inlet of the meters and the interaction of the meter’s transducers with the flow by evaluating their response to the known distorted velocity profiles.
Designated problem has been solved by a comprehensive investigation of physical processes occurring in pipelines, in particular with a complex velocity distribution, which can be caused by bends, spatial bends, contaminants or incorrect meter’s installations. Particular importance during the research was given to formulate the fundamental basis that can be used to minimize the measurement error of disturbed flows by ultrasonic meters.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis on High Parameter Steam Spring-Loaded Safety Valve
Authors: Ye Zong-hao , Li Wen-qing , Chen Wei-ping , Xu Yi-xiang , Jin Zhi-jiang , Qian Jin-yuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As the most typical direct-loaded safety valves, spring-loaded safety valves are automatically opened by fluid pressure. Their stable and reliable dynamic characteristics are vital for overpressure protection. It is the last ditch to realize overpressure protection function in equipment, device and pipeline system. The steam spring-loaded safety valve applied under high parameter needs to carry out strict thermal test to determine whether its dynamic characteristics meet the requirements. However, there is no thermal test device that can meet the working condition parameters such as temperature and pressure in the supercritical working condition. Therefore, a dynamic numerical simulation model of high parameter steams spring-loaded safety valve was established. The dynamic simulation of steam spring-loaded safety valve opening and closing process was realized through dynamic grid technology and user-defined function. The results indicate that the errors between the numerical simulation and the test results for each parameter are less than 10%. Under the test condition (10.16 MPa, 312.2 °C), the resultant force on the valve disc fluctuates greatly, but is always larger than zero during the opening process. This method will provide guidance for the research on the dynamic characteristics of spring-loaded safety valves under high parameter working conditions.