bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internalization of stigma and self-esteem as it affects the capacity for intimacy among patients with schizophrenia, comparison between Jews and Arabs
Authors: Segalovich J. , Stolovi T. , Behrbalk P. , Romem P. 
Published: May 2016

In addition to the physical and psychological signs and symptoms of their disorder, people who have schizophrenia also experience severe repercussions associated with social isolation [1]. Internalization of social stigma was found to be a statistically significant core factor that affects self-esteem and the ability to create intimacy among Jewish patients with schizophrenia. Significantly more Muslim patients were married in comparison to Jewish patients. There was statistically significantly less internalization of stigma of mental illness among hospitalized patients than among individuals with schizophrenia who live in the community [2]. The current study examines the relationship between internalization of stigma, self-esteem, and the ability of people diagnosed with schizophrenia to form intimate attachments with loved ones, in Arab patients compare to the existing sample of 24 patients from the Jewish sector 2. Data is gathered for 27 Muslim patients with schizophrenia who live in the community, ages 18–60, men and women from the following four questionnaires: Demographics Questionnaire, Self-Esteem Scale, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale and the Intimacy Attitude Scale-Revised. The study received the approval of the Ethics Committee. There was statistically significantly less internalization of stigma of mental illness, high self-esteem and high capacity for intimacy among Jewish patients than among Muslim patients. Knowledge of how these variables affect the capacity for intimacy provides a therapeutic window for advanced nursing interventions that will eventually provide support and guidance cultural adapted, for people with schizophrenia in creating intimate relationships.References not available.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Body image and eating disorders are common in professional and amateur athletes using performance and image-enhancing drugs (pieds). A cross-sectional study
Authors: Piacentino D. , Longo L. , Pavan A. , Ferracuti S. , Brugnoli R. , Girardi P. , Sani G. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe use of Performance and Image-Enhancing Drugs (PIEDs) is on the increase and appears to be associated with several psychopathological disorders, whose prevalence in unclear.Objectives/AimsWe aimed to evaluate the differences–if any–in the prevalence of body image disorders (BIDs) and eating disorders (EDs) in PIEDs users athletes vs. PIEDs nonusers ones.MethodsWe enrolled 84 consecutive professional and amateur athletes (35.8% females; age range = 18–50), training in several sports centers in Italy. They underwent structured interviews (SCID I/SCID II) and completed the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) and the Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food Eating Disorder Screening Test (SCOFF). Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test were used for comparisons.ResultsOf the 84 athletes, 18 (21.4%) used PIEDs. The most common PIEDs were anabolic androgenic steroids, amphetamine-like substances, cathinones, ephedrine, and caffeine derivatives (e.g. guarana). The two groups did not differ in socio-demographic characteristics, but differed in anamnestic and psychopathological ones, with PIEDs users athletes being characterized by significantly (P-values < 0.05) higher physical activity levels, consuming more coffee, cigarettes, and psychotropic medications (e.g. benzodiazepines) per day, presenting more SCID diagnoses of psychiatric disorders, especially Substance Use Disorders, Eating Disorders, Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), and General Anxiety Disorders, showing higher BICI scores, which indicate a higher risk of BDD, and higher SCOFF scores, which suggest a higher risk of BIDs and EDs.ConclusionsIn PIEDs users athletes body image and eating disorders, and more in general psychopathological disorders, are more common than in PIEDs nonusers athletes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Familial multiple cavernomatosis and neuropsychiatric symptoms: Is there any relation?
Authors: Espirito Santo V. , Almendra R. , Figueiredo A.R. , Almeida A. , Rego I. , Guimaraes P. , Velon A.G. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCavernomas are clusters of abnormal blood vessels found in the brain and spinal cord. The familiar form is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with the presence of multiple cavernomas in both locations.Clinical CaseA 84-year-old man was admitted in our neurologic department for a sudden onset of difficulty in walking associated with loss of urinary sphincter control. Past history included a major depressive disorder with psychotic features since youth, epilepsy since 33 years old and, at 77 years old, he had a hemorrhagic stroke resulting from cavernous malformation haemorrhage. Medication consisted of clopidogrel 75 mg id, risperidone 3 mg id, venlafaxine 37.5 mg bid and clobazam 10 mg id. On neurological examination, he showed psychomotor slowing, dysexecutive syndrome, paraparesis and hypoesthesia with sensitive level by D10. Blood test was normal. Dorsolumbar spine-TC showed intradural hyperdensity by D12-L1, probably because of a hemorrhage lesion, that MRI revelled to be a cavernoma. Brain-MRI demonstrated 3 massive cavernomas in cortical-subcortical right occipital lobe, left lenticular nucleus and left pre-central gyrus and countless small infratentorial and supratentorial cavernomas. We inquired his family and we found out that one of his daughters also had multiple brain cavernomas, diagnosed after a hemorrhagic stroke when she was 55 years old.ConclusionFamiliar multiple cavernomatosis is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. We enhance the impact that such a diffuse form of the disease has on the brain network causing atypical psychocognitive symptoms. In all cases a detailed neuropsychiatric family history should be sought and all should be followed regularly clinically and by MRI.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Innapropriate sinus tachycardia – cardiac syndrome or anxiety-related disorder?
Authors: Rasmus P. , Kozłowska E. , Sobow T. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionRelation between psychology, psychiatry and cardiology are multidimensional and begin to have growing importance in the diagnosis and treatment of patients of cardiosurgery, electrocardiology and cardiac rehabilitation. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is a rarely diagnosed clinical syndrome characterized by excessive resting heart rate (HR) or disproportional increasing HR during exercise. The mechanisms of IST are not well understood. It is speculated that psychological factors might be of importance.AimsThe purpose of the study was to evaluate possible relation between the level of anxiety, personality traits and control of emotions, emotional intelligence, coping with stress strategies and manifestation of IST.MethodsThe participants were 23 women with a diagnosis of IST (age range 31.8 ± 8.72) and 23 women (28.7 ± 4.4) without cardiac diseases. The research applied psychological tools including: State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, NEO-Five Factor Inventory, Courtauld Emotional Control Scale, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and an originally developed sociodemographic questionnaire.ResultsIt has been found that that the group of women with IST received higher results in Trait Anxiety Inventory compared to the group of healthy women and the relation was highly statistically significant (P = 0,009). No other differences were found.ConclusionsInappropriate sinus tachycardia can be considered as an anxiety related disorder. However, its pathogenesis and classification position remains elusive.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Social skills training group with Turkish immigrants: Results of a pilot study
Authors: Altunoz U. , Bozkurt S. , Bannasch V. , Castro-Nunez S. , Graeff-Calliess I.T. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSocial skills training (SST) is an element of cognitive-behavioral therapy, which focuses to improve verbal-nonverbal behaviors involved in social interactions.Aims-objectivesTo assess the effectiveness of a standardised 8–sessions-SST-group therapy (Hinsch&Pfingsten) in Türkish Immigrants who have anxiety/depressive disorders.MethodGerman-Turkish transations-backtranslations of contents and materials of the standardised 8–sessions-SST-group therapy were performed. These weekly eight group sessions applied by two Turkish-psychotherapists to 8 voluntary Turkish-Immigrants (F/M = 4/4, age = 50 ± 5.4), who were in treatment for anxiety/depressive disorders in our transcultural outpatient-clinic in Hannover, Germany. Symtom-Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and Insecurity Questionnaire (I-Q) administered before and after the treatment programm. Seven patients completed pre-post scales.ResultsTable 1 presents the scale scores. There was no significant improvement in global-symptom-severity and insecurity-profiles after the SST. One of the psychotherapists and one of the patients were interviewed to discuss qualitatively possible reasons of that.PsychoherapistI think patients were not comfortable with many pencil-paper homeworks. Daily-life-examples were too close to German culture. Therefore it's crucial to culturally modify the sessions.PatientI found the sessions-homeworks strict and different from my thinking style and culture.ConclusionsQualitative data of this study stated that no improvement may be caused by eurocentristic nature of the psychotherapeutic approach. Berry (2006) suggested that such interventions may generate/exacerbate acculturative-stress and may not be beneficial for the patient. Further studies should investigate effectiveness of culturally-modified SST in Turkish immigrants.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Immigrants in emergency rooms: The role of culture in the diagnostic process and diagnostic certainty
Authors: Collazossp F. , Gutierrez C. , ruth P.D.R. , Carmen V.M. , William L. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionTransnationalism provides a serious challenge in mental health care, especially due to the crucial role of communication. Emergency room interactions offer an opportunity to analyze the role of cultural competency among providers and how they relate to immigrants in the clinical encounter.ObjectivesThis study addresses three aims: to assess the level of provider-perceived accuracy of diagnoses; to evaluate the use of restraints; and to compare diagnoses rates between patients of diverse racial/ethnic groups.MethodsWe examined patients’ race/ethnicity and their relation to service use and perceived certainty of mental health diagnoses. Three hundred and forty-seven migrants and 67 natives as well as their providers were interviewed in psychiatry emergency rooms in Barcelona (Spain).ResultsThe perceived certainty of clinical diagnosis is lower for Asians (OR = 0.2, 95% CI [0.07–0.63]), and higher when the clinician feels comfortable with the patient (OR = 5.41, 95% CI [2.53–11.58]). The probability of restraints is higher for Maghreb patients compared to native born (OR = 3.56, 95% CI [1.03–12.26]). The probability of compulsory admission is lower for Latinos compared to native born (OR = 0.26, 95% CI [0.08–0.88]). The probability of receiving a diagnosis of psychosis is lower when the clinician can communicate in the patient's language (OR = 0.37, CI 95% [0.16–0.83]).ConclusionsCultural factors such as level of comfort and communication in the patient's language play a central role in diagnosis and treatment. This study highlights the importance of culture in psychiatric diagnosis and the role of cultural competency for mental health providers.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Religious and spiritual implication in the assessment and management of bipolar disorder
Authors: Maia L. , Coutinho A. , Carvalho I. , Baptista B. , Carneiro L. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionReligion/spirituality and medicine have been related in one way or another sense the beginning of our know History. Patients’ beliefs, values and practices influence the way disease is perceived and managed. In order to provide adequate care the physician must have proper knowledge of the patients’ spiritual/religious context, otherwise it may fall prey to errors of diagnostic, inappropriate management and subsequent poor compliance.ObjectivesTo present the case of an adult male (a preacher whose beliefs include mediunity) with delusional ideation of mystical content and mood elation, identified during a religious ceremony.AimsQuestioning the frontier between spiritual/religious beliefs and psychopathology.MethodsA case report is presented and a literature review of the theme is shortly surveyed.ResultsThe case reports to a 53 years old man, who during a religious ceremony presented himself with agitation and disinhibition, removing all his cloths and living the church naked. Additionally it was identified the presence of insomnia, heteroaggressiveness, accelerated speech, mood elation and delusional ideation of mystical and megalomaniac content. Several studies demonstrate the importance of acknowledging the religious/spiritual beliefs of patients. This knowledge allows the psychiatry to correctly identify the existing psychopathology and organize an appropriate intervention plan for the patient.ConclusionsSpiritual and religious beliefs’ influence the way disease is perceiver and managed. Physician should collect a brief spiritual story of the patient and learn about the different religious/spiritual beliefs and practices of their community, in order to understand the full dimension of the individual illness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Chronic illness-related shame and experiential avoidance mediate the impact of IBD symptomatology on depression
Authors: Trindade I.A. , Ferreira C. , Pinto-Gouveia J. 
Published: May 2016

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is group of chronic diseases that cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, urgent diarrhoea and fatigue, as well as associated complications (e.g., arthritis). Literature has pointed that IBD may cause depressive symptomatology, which seems to aggravate physical symptoms in a cycle of depression and inflammation. This study's aims to examine the mediator roles of chronic illness-related shame and experiential avoidance in the relationship between IBD symptomatology and depression, while controlling for associated medical complications. The sample comprised 161 adult IBD patients (52 males and 109 females), with a mean age of 36.73 (SD = 10.93), that completed validated measures. The hypothesised model was tested through path analyses. Results (see Fig. 1) showed that although IBD symptomatology presented a direct effect of .13 on depression, the majority of its impact was mediated through chronic illness-related shame and experiential avoidance with an indirect effect of 0.22. Indeed, IBD symptomatology seemed to lead to higher chronic illness-related shame, which presented a direct effect on depression of .15 and an indirect effect mediated by experiential avoidance of 0.37. This model presented excellent goodness-of-fit indices. These findings suggest that targeting shame and experiential avoidance in IBD patients would have beneficial outcomes for patients’ well-being. It thus seems that compassion and acceptance-based psychotherapies should be included in treatment programs for IBD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Maladaptive emotion regulation mediating the link between the recall of early affiliative memories and depressive symptomatology
Authors: Marta-Simões J. , Ferreira C. , Mendes A.L. , Trindade I.A. 
Published: May 2016

The inability of recalling warm and safe memories with parents and close relatives has been often associated in literature with a negative and judgmental sense of self, and a higher proneness to experience feelings of inferiority, inadequacy, and defectiveness. Thus, intending to deal with self-judgment and inferiority, individuals may become submissive as a way of compensating one's negative emotional states with other's positive attention and desirability. However, both early negative affiliative memories and submissiveness are associated with higher vulnerability to psychopathology, namely depression. Using a sample of 338 young women, the present study intended to examine the association between early affiliative memories and depressive symptomatology, and the mediator roles of self-judgment and submissive attitudes and behaviours on this association, through a path analysis. The tested model provided an excellent fit to the data, accounting for 41% of the depressive symptomatology's variance. Results revealed a direct effect of early affiliative memories on depressive symptomatology; and also on self-judgement and submissiveness, explaining 28% and 23% of their variances, respectively. Moreover, part of these memories’ effect on depressive symptomatology was explained by self-judgment and submissiveness, which seems to suggest that submissiveness, although used to compensate feelings of inferiority and a judging attitude towards the self, may be a maladaptive strategy due to its positive association with depressive symptoms. This study's findings appear to emphasize the relevance of targeting submissiveness, especially in the context of a scarce recall of early affiliative experiences, when approaching women's depressive symptomatology on mental health promotion programs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Monitoring of liver function in major depressive disorder treated with SSRI
Authors: Ifteni P. , Teodorescu A. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder is one of the most prevalent psychiatric illnesses in the world affecting more than 12% of men and more than 21% of women in their lifetime. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are worldwide prescribed to treat depression. SSRIs drugs can cause drug-induced liver injury (DILI).AimsThe aim of the study was to evaluate the liver function in patients treated with SSRI in order to detect DILI.MethodsAll the patients with first major depressive episode treated with the same SSRI antidepressant for at least 3 months between September 2013 and September 2015 were entered into the study. The hepatic function panel included aminotransferases, total and direct bilirubin, albumin, total protein, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), LDH cholesterol, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV).ResultsOf 134 subjects with MDD according to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) who met inclusion criteria, 98 patients entered into study. Seventy-seven (76.5%) were treated with SSRI for at least 3 months with mean age were 45.4 (SD = 6.3), 65 women (66.3%). Five patients (5.1%) were newly diagnosed with hepatitis, and 10 (10.2%) presented elevated values of ALT, AST. The mean duration of depressive symptoms was 9.2 months (SD = 6.9).ConclusionsThe treatment with SSRI seems to be effective and safe in our sample. A relative small number of patients with MDD were diagnosed with viral hepatitis during this cross-sectional study. Further randomized and controlled trials are needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The impact of neuroinflammation and inflammatory cytokines in depression and suicidal behavior
Authors: Serafini G. , Pompili M. , Girardi P. , Amore M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIt has been suggested that neuroinflammation and inflammatory mediators may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of both major depression and suicidal behavior. Immunological differences have been reported between both subjects with major affective disorders and suicidal behavior.ObjectivesThe main objective of this review was to deeply investigate the nature of the association between inflammatory cytokines in depression and suicidal behavior. Aims: The study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the current literature to investigate the association between inflammatory cytokines, depression, and suicidal behavior.ResultsGenerally, an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines has been documented in both major depression and suicidal behavior. The presence of major depressive disorder (MDD) with suicidal ideation/attempts was associated with differences in inflammatory cytokine profile when compared to that without suicidal ideation/attempts. However, not all studies demonstrated a positive correlation between inflammatory cytokines and suicidal behavior.ConclusionsThe mentioned association between inflammatory cytokines, depression, and suicidal behavior does not imply the existence of a causal relationship. Further additional studies should clarify the molecular mechanisms of the immune activation pathways underlying depression and suicidality.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Obesity: The influence of expressed emotion, anxiety and life events
Authors: Di Tullio E. , Gattoni E. , Gramaglia C. , Ruggiero V. , Biroli G. , D’andrea F. , Gili S. , Gualano M.R. , Siliquini R. , Zeppegno P. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundExpressed Emotion (EE) can be described as a measure of the emotional temperature of the family climate and plays a role in disease course and outcome, especially in chronic illnesses. Overweight and obesity are severe problems with serious implications as far as health risks are concerned. The literature suggests having a high EE caregiver correlates with a worse treatment compliance in obese patients.ObjectivesTo measure level of EE, stressful events and anxiety in obese patients and their caregivers; to investigate the possible correlations between treatment compliance and EE.MethodsWe recruited 190 obese patients and 125 caregivers. Socio-demographic features were recorded. Assessment included: Level of Expressed Emotion Scale (LEE), one version for patients and one for relatives in order to evaluate 4 dimensions: Intrusiveness, Emotional Response, Attitude toward Disease, Tolerance and Expectation; the Paykel's Interview for Recent Life Events; STAI Y1 concerning state anxiety and STAI Y2 concerning trait anxiety; BMI (Body Mass Index) was measured at T0 and after 3,6 and 9 months.ResultsWe have found a correlation between gender and trait anxiety, and an inverse correlation between age and trait anxiety both in patients and caregivers. The decrease of BMI during follow-up is statistically significant and this reduction seems to be affected by tolerance and expectation perceived by patients and the emotional response on behalf of caregivers.ConclusionsLevels of EE should be considered when planning treatment interventions to enhance compliance in obese patients and to support change in their life-style.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.