bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distraction Osteogenesis for Surgical Treatment of Craniosynostosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mundinger Gerhard S. , Rehim Shady A. , Johnson Owen , Zhou Joy , Tong Anne , Wallner Christopher , Dorafshar Amir H. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Distraction osteogenesis has been proposed as an alternative to cranial remodeling surgery for craniosynostosis, but technique descriptions and outcome analyses are limited to small case series. This review summarizes operative characteristics and outcomes of distraction osteogenesis and presents data comparing distraction osteogenesis to cranial remodeling surgery.

Methods:
A systematic review of the literature was undertaken. Descriptive analysis, operative technical data, outcomes, or postoperative complications of distraction osteogenesis for craniosynostosis were included.

Results:
A total of 1325 citations were reviewed, yielding 53 articles and 880 children who underwent distraction osteogenesis for craniosynostosis. Distraction plates were used in 754 patients (86 percent), whereas springs were used for the remaining 126 patients (14 percent). Standard and spring distraction osteogenesis was reported to successfully treat the primary condition 98 percent of the time. Suboptimal results were reported in 11 patients (1.3 percent), and minor complications were reported in 19.5 percent of cases (n = 172).Major complications were rare, occurring in 3.5 percent of cases (n = 31), and included two reported deaths. Absolute operative times and blood loss were marginally greater for cranial remodeling surgery cases, but the differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
Distraction osteogenesis is an effective cranial vault remodeling technique for treating craniosynostosis. No statistical differences were found with respect to operative time, blood loss, need for transfusion, or intensive care unit resources compared with cranial remodeling surgery. Outcome studies with longer follow-up periods specifically investigating cost, relapse, and reoperation rates are necessary to effectively compare this treatment modality as an alternative to cranial remodeling surgery.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Social enterprise dualities: implications for social marketing
Authors: Mitchell Alex , Madill Judith , Chreim Samia 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the tensions that marketing practitioners in social enterprises experience, and to explore how these tensions impact the development and implementation of marketing activities.

Design/methodology/approach
Using an approach informed by grounded theory, this paper reports on an investigation of the tensions facing 15 social enterprises. The primary data comprises semi-structured interviews with senior marketing decision-makers, supplemented with archival sources.

Findings
The analysis shows tensions and dualities inform the social and commercial strategic marketing activities of the social enterprises. These tensions and dualities are linked to how the organization obtains financial resources, the nature of the organization’s growth, working with myriad stakeholders and competitive versus cooperative pressures. A model outlining the dualities and their links to marketing activities is developed.

Research limitations/implications
The study provides an in-depth analysis of a small, regional sample of Canadian social enterprises. The study serves as a foundation for future research aimed at elaborating the model we propose.

Practical implications
The findings point to tensions and dualities that play an important role in enabling and restricting the development and implementation of strategic marketing activities in social enterprises. Understanding the nature of these dualities is crucial for social enterprise managers and social marketers as they develop strategic activities.

Social implications
Social enterprises engage in activities that offer substantial social benefits, yet the development of marketing activities in these organizations requires confronting tensions that must be carefully managed.

Originality/value
This paper highlights how dualities facing marketing practitioners in social enterprises influence the development of both social and for-profit marketing activities. The paper offers a model of these dualities. The findings help to extend our understanding of the complex environmental influences impacting marketing practices within social enterprise organizations. Understanding the nature of these environmental influences helps to attune marketers to the potential opportunities and challenges of using social enterprise as an organizational form for launching social marketing programs, as well as providing a theoretical basis for future investigations of marketing practice in social enterprise and social marketing organizations.
Social marketing and value in behaviour?
Authors: Butler Katherine , Gordon Ross , Roggeveen Kate , Waitt Gordon , Cooper Paul 
Published: April 2016

PurposeDrawing on value theory, this study aims to explore the perceived value of using energy efficiently amongst a low-income older population group. It aims to provide an empirical exploration of the concept of value-in-behaviour, and, in doing so, identify that it is a logical addition to the extant concepts of value-in-exchange and value-in-use.Design/methodology/approachExploratory focus group research was conducted to explore older, low-income people’s perceived value towards using energy efficiently in the contexts of their everyday lives. The research was conducted in regional New South Wales, Australia, with 11 focus groups of 59 people (40 females, 19 males) aged over 60 with a personal disposable income below $26,104 per annum.FindingsUsing this framework, functional, economic and ecological value appeared to be the most pertinent value dimensions for using energy efficiently, while social or emotional value was less relevant. Attention is drawn to how value in using energy efficiently emerges within the everyday contingencies and constraints configured by individual households’ financial, social, material and cultural contexts. These findings suggest that programmes in this area and with similar target groups would benefit from trying to promote and co-create such value.Originality/valueThe present study provides empirical evidence that consumers in a social marketing context appear to perceive value-in-behaviour in relation to using energy efficiently. This approach inspires social marketers to foster individual behaviour change through a better understanding of how value is created in everyday practices. This builds upon existing work on value in social marketing and suggests that value is an important concept that warrants continued theoretical, empirical and practical exploration.
Robot‐assisted Fallopian tube transection and anastomosis using the new REVO‐I robotic surgical system: feasibility in a chronic porcine model
Authors: Abdel Raheem Ali , Troya Irela Soto , Kim Dae Keun , Kim Se hoon , Won Park Dong , Joon Park Sung , Hyun Gim Soo , Rha Koon Ho 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility and safety of the new REVO‐I robotic platform by performing Fallopian tube transection and anastomosis in live porcine models.Subjects and MethodsA prospective chronic animal study was carried out in four crossbred female pigs. The primary outcome was assessment of the pigs’ 2‐week survival. The secondary outcomes were measurements of intra‐operative variables and the complications or difficulties arising when using the REVO‐I.ResultsFallopian tube anastomosis was successfully performed in four porcine models. The mean (range) operating time was 66 (46–104 min), docking time 22.25 (14–53) min and console time 18 (13–20) min. The REVO‐I robotic system functioned appropriately, with no technical problems or difficulties noted during the procedures. Both the surgeon and the bedside assistants reported ease of use and better performance with subsequent procedures. All pigs were alive 2 weeks after surgery, with no peri‐operative complications related to the use of the robot.ConclusionsThis preclinical chronic porcine study showed that the REVO‐I robotic surgical system is a feasible and safe robotic instrument that can be used by surgeons to perform skillful robotic procedures in porcine models. Our next objective will be to demonstrate its safety in humans.
Reference intervals for biochemical analytes of captive Black‐Fronted Piping‐Guan (Aburria jacutinga)
Authors: Vaz Frederico F. , Locatelli‐Dittrich Rosangela , Lange Rogério R. , Beltrame Olair C. , Przydzimirski Andreise C. , de O. Koch Marília , de Q. Castilhos Bruno 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundBlack‐Fronted Piping‐Guan (Aburria jacutinga) is considered one of the most threatened bird species on the American continent. Ex situ conservation efforts have been developed in Brazil, and monitoring the health status of these populations is essential to ensure reproductive success in captivity. Reference intervals (RI) for biochemistry analytes from a larger population of Black‐Fronted Piping‐Guan are unavailable.ObjectivesThis study was aimed at establishing RI for biochemical analytes of captive Black‐Fronted Piping‐Guan for future improved health assessments in these animals.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 32 adult Black‐Fronted Piping‐Guans for serum and plasma separation. Liver and kidney function markers, and concentration of protein and lipids were measured. Reference intervals were determined using an Excel program with Reference Value Adviser (version 2.0).ResultsThe RI of the analytes were: AST 20.7–188.0 U/L; CK 713.7–4741.4 U/L; LDH 360.7–1173.7 U/L; γ Glutamyl Transferase 1.1–5.4 U/L; total plasma protein 3.5–6.2 g/dL; total serum protein 1.7–4.7 g/dL; uric acid 0.9–19.2 mg/dL; urea 7.0–25.3 mg/dL; cholesterol 71.8–232.2 mg/dL; triglycerides 25.6–183.4 mg/dL.ConclusionsThe RI are similar to the ones published for other avian species. Only CK and uric acid values were in discordance with the usually reported avian ranges. This could be due to different methods of capture and physical restraint. Alternatively, some differences could be species‐specific. In general, physical restraint should be limited to a minimum and without stress to prevent capture myopathy and death.
Genome Sequence of
Kocuria palustris
Strain CD07_3 Isolated from the Duodenal Mucosa of a Celiac Disease Patient
Authors: Chander Atul Munish , Nair Ramesan Girish , Kaur Gurwinder , Kochhar Rakesh , Mayilraj Shanmugam , Dhawan Devinder Kumar , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the 2.8-Mb genome of
Kocuria palustris
strain CD07_3 isolated from the duodenal mucosa of a celiac disease (CD) patient. The genome of the bacterium consists of specific virulence factor genes and antibiotic resistance genes that depict its pathogenic potential.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Serratia rubidaea
Isolated in China
Authors: Yao Xue , Sun Qiang , Liu Wenli , Yin Xiuyun , Pei Guangqian , Wang Yunfei , An Xiaoping , Mi Zhiqiang , Luo Yaping , Tong Yigang , Chen Shuiping 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the first complete genome of
Serratia rubidaea
, isolated from a patient in China.
Anxiolytic-Like Behavioural Effects of Head Electroacupuncture in Rats Susceptible to Stress
Authors: Chen Jia , Barrett Douglas W , He Yuxin , Gonzalez-Lima F 
Published: April 2016

Aim To evaluate the behavioural effects of head electroacupuncture (EA) using the Holtzman rat model, a genetic strain showing susceptibility to stress-evoked helplessness. Methods Putative anxiolytic and antidepressant behavioural effects of head EA were investigated using the light-dark and forced swim tests, respectively. The open field test was used to investigate motor activity. A total of 28 rats were used in two experiments, each with two groups (n=7 rats each). Rats were restrained and randomised to handling only (control) or 2Hz EA on the midline head anteriorly (at Yintang) and posteriorly (at GV20) for 3 days (experiment 1) or 4 days (experiment 2). Results One day of EA did not modify behaviour in any of the tests (p>0.1); however, 2 days of 2 Hz EA treatment to the head had anxiolytic-like effects, as indicated by an improvement in ambulatory time and average velocity in the light-dark test (experiment 2). Relative to the control group, the EA group demonstrated greater ambulatory time (37.0±3.7 vs 25.2±3.6 s, p<0.05) and lower average velocity (2.73±0.06 vs 3.08±0.13 cm/s, p<0.05). However, EA treatment had no significant effects on the open field and forced swim tests in either experiment. Conclusions Two days of EA treatment using 2 Hz pulsating electrical current at midline anterior and posterior acupuncture points on the head induces behavioural effects suggestive of anxiolysis.
Fast radio bursts — A brief review: Some questions, fewer answers
Authors: Katz J. I. 
Published: April 2016

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond bursts of radio radiation at frequencies of about 1 GHz, recently discovered in pulsar surveys. They have not yet been definitively identified with any other astronomical object or phenomenon. The bursts are strongly dispersed, indicating passage through a high column density of low density plasma. The most economical interpretation is that this is the intergalactic medium, indicating that FRB are at “cosmological” distances with redshifts in the range 0.3–1.3. Their inferred brightness temperatures are as high as 10[Formula: see text] K, implying coherent emission by “bunched” charges, as in radio pulsars. I review the astronomical sites, objects and emission processes that have been proposed as the origin of FRB, with particular attention to soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) and giant pulsar pulses.
On the gravitational field of a radiating, isothermal perfect gas cloud
Authors: Campos L. M. B. C. 
Published: April 2016

The paper considers a static isotropic self-gravitating perfect gas in the presence of thermal radiation. The gravitational field is specified in terms of the radiation and gas pressures. Assuming that the thermodynamic internal energy is small compared with relativistic rest energy, it is shown that the gas pressure satisfies the Lane–Emden equation; the assumption of dominant intrinsic relativistic rest energy is satisfied by the hottest stars. Six-solutions of the Lane–Enden equation are obtained together with the corresponding gravitational fields. The basis for comparison is the singular solution I decaying like the inverse square of the radius, that is the leading term of the asymptotic solution V. Two semi-linear solutions are obtained using as variables nonlinear functions of the gas pressure, leading to nonlinear second-order differential equations that can be linearized; one solution II holds for small radius and leads to zero, finite or infinite central pressure, and the other solution III holds asymptomatically and exhibits pressure oscillations. The singular solution I for large radius is matched to a power series solution IV for small radius leading to a solution valid for all radii. The asymptotic solutions III and V: (i) coincide in their common domain of validity; (ii) can be truncated with good accuracy leading to the solution VI.
TAS-102 for Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancers That Are No Longer Responding to Other Therapies
Authors: van der Velden Daphne L. , Opdam Frans L. , Voest Emile E. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
TAS-102 is a novel oral formulation of trifluridine (TFT) and tipiracil hydrochloride (TPI), a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor. TFT was originally synthesized in the 1960s and is a nucleoside analogue that impedes DNA synthesis by inhibition of thymidylate synthase. TFT's main mechanism of action, however, seems to be its incorporation into DNA, which distinguishes TFT from current well-known antimetabolites like 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The rapid degradation of TFT brought initial clinical development to a halt, but TFT reentered clinical trials when addition of a TPI was found to improve the bioavailability of TFT. The combined TFT-TPI formulation was tested in patients with treatment-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer in the randomized phase III RECOURSE study. Compared with placebo, TAS-102 was associated with an overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) benefit and a 32% reduction in risk of death [median OS, 7.1 (95% CI, 6.5–7.8) vs. 5.3 months (95% CI, 4.6–6.0); median PFS, 2.0 (95% CI, 1.9–2.1) vs. 1.7 months (95% CI, 1.7–1.8); HR for death, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.58–0.81, P &lt; 0.001)]. Based on the results of this pivotal trial and supported by results from an earlier phase II study, TAS-102 recently gained FDA approval. This article reviews the development of TAS-102 and its therapeutic value for the proposed indication. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2835–9. ©2016 AACR.
Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Endothelial Cell Activation
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Fang Pu , Li Yafeng , Kuo Yin-Ming , Andrews Andrew J. , Nanayakkara Gayani , Johnson Candice , Fu Hangfei , Shan Huimin , Du Fuyong , Hoffman Nicholas E. , Yu Daohai , Eguchi Satoru , Madesh Muniswamy , Koch Walter J. , Sun Jianxin , Jiang Xiaohua , Wang Hong , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2016

Objective—
Hyperlipidemia-induced endothelial cell (EC) activation is considered as an initial event responsible for monocyte recruitment in atherogenesis. However, it remains poorly defined what is the mechanism underlying hyperlipidemia-induced EC activation. Here, we tested a novel hypothesis that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) serve as signaling mediators for EC activation in early atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results—

Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed that several lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species, such as 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1, and their processing enzymes, including Pla2g7 and Pla2g4c, were significantly induced in the aortas of apolipoprotein E knockout mice during early atherosclerosis. Using electron spin resonance and flow cytometry, we found that LPC 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1 induced mtROS in primary human aortic ECs, independently of the activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. Mechanistically, using confocal microscopy and Seahorse XF mitochondrial analyzer, we showed that LPC induced mtROS via unique calcium entry–mediated increase of proton leak and mitochondrial O
2
reduction. In addition, we found that mtROS contributed to LPC-induced EC activation by regulating nuclear binding of activator protein-1 and inducing intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene expression in vitro. Furthermore, we showed that mtROS inhibitor MitoTEMPO suppressed EC activation and aortic monocyte recruitment in apolipoprotein E knockout mice using intravital microscopy and flow cytometry methods.

Conclusions—
ATP synthesis–uncoupled, but proton leak-coupled, mtROS increase mediates LPC-induced EC activation during early atherosclerosis. These results indicate that mitochondrial antioxidants are promising therapies for vascular inflammation and cardiovascular diseases.
The Invocation of Member State Responsibility before National and International Courts
Authors: Messineo Francesco 
Published: April 2016

This article highlights the various legal obstacles faced by injured parties when litigating against States in relation to their participation in the operations of international organizations. The primary issue is finding the right forum. Rules on the invocation of responsibility hinge on whether the respondent State is sued before its own courts (domestic law being decisive), before the courts of another country (state immunity notwithstanding), or before international courts or tribunals (Monetary Gold difficulties aside). This choice will largely depend on who the applicant is: an individual, or a State. In turn, a State may act either because it was directly injured or because it is espousing a claim of one of its citizens, in which case rules on diplomatic protection may present further obstacles. Assuming that a suitable forum is available, other hindrances may be encountered, such as legal costs and restrictive substantive law. Solutions often proposed as remedies to such obstacles, such as the further reduction of State immunity before domestic courts, may be less effective than a more ambitious strategy aimed at increasing the range of situations in which domestic public law procedures and international adjudication are actually available to victims of harm.
Interannual Variability in North Atlantic Weather: Data Analysis and a Quasigeostrophic Model
Authors: Feliks Yizhak , Robertson Andrew W. , Ghil Michael 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper addresses the effect of interannual variability in jet stream orientation on weather systems over the North Atlantic basin (NAB). The observational analysis relies on 65 yr of NCEP–NCAR reanalysis (1948–2012). The total daily kinetic energy of the geostrophic wind (GTKE) is taken as a measure of storm activity over the North Atlantic. The NAB is partitioned into four rectangular regions, and the winter average of GTKE is calculated for each quadrant. The spatial GTKE average over all four quadrants shows striking year-to-year variability and is strongly correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).
The GTKE strength in the northeast quadrant is closely related to the diffluence angle of the jet stream in the northwest quadrant. To gain insight into the relationship between the diffluence angle and its downstream impact, a quasigeostrophic baroclinic model is used. The results show that an initially zonal jet persists at its initial latitude over 30 days or longer, while a tilted jet propagates meridionally according to the Rossby wave group velocity, unless kept stationary by external forcing.
A Gulf Stream–like narrow sea surface temperature (SST) front provides the requisite forcing for an analytical steady-state solution to this problem. This SST front influences the atmospheric jet in the northwest quadrant: it both strengthens the jet and tilts it northward at higher levels, while its effect is opposite at lower levels. Reanalysis data confirm these effects, which are consistent with thermal wind balance. The results suggest that the interannual variability found in the GTKE may be caused by intrinsic variability of the thermal Gulf Stream front.
Statistics of Simulated and Observed Pair Separations in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Beron-Vera Francisco J. , LaCasce J. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPair-separation statistics of in situ and synthetic surface drifters deployed near the Deepwater Horizon site in the Gulf of Mexico are investigated. The synthetic trajectories derive from a 1-km-resolution data-assimilative Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) simulation. The in situ drifters were launched in the Grand Lagrangian Deployment (GLAD). Diverse measures of the dispersion are calculated and compared to theoretical predictions. For the NCOM pairs, the measures indicate nonlocal pair dispersion (in which pair separations grow exponentially in time) at the smallest sampled scales. At separations exceeding 100 km, pair motion is uncorrelated, indicating absolute rather than relative dispersion. With the GLAD drifters, however, the statistics are ambiguous, with some indicating local dispersion (in which pair separations exhibit power-law growth) and others suggesting nonlocal dispersion. The difference between the two datasets stems in part from inertial oscillations, which affect the energy levels at small scales without greatly altering pair dispersion. These were significant in GLAD but much weaker in the NCOM simulation. In addition, the GLAD drifters were launched over a limited geographical area, producing few independent realizations and hence lower statistical significance. Restricting the NCOM set to pairs launched at the same locations yields very similar results, suggesting the model is for the most part capturing the observed dispersion.