bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A loading dose of clofazimine to rapidly achieve steady-state-like concentrations in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease
Authors: Stemkens Ralf , Lemson Arthur , Koele Simon E , Svensson Elin M , te Brake Lindsey H M , van Crevel Reinout , Boeree Martin J , Hoefsloot Wouter , van Ingen Jakko , Aarnoutse Rob E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Clofazimine is a promising drug for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) diseases. Accumulation of clofazimine to reach steady-state plasma concentrations takes months. A loading dose may reduce the time to steady-state-like concentrations. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety and tolerability of a loading dose regimen in patients with NTM disease.

Methods
Adult participants received a 4-week loading dose regimen of 300 mg clofazimine once daily, followed by a maintenance dose of 100 mg once daily (combined with other antimycobacterial drugs). Blood samples for PK analysis were collected on three occasions. A population PK model for clofazimine was developed and simulations were performed to assess the time to reach steady-state-like (target) concentrations for different dosing regimens.

Results
Twelve participants were included. The geometric mean peak and trough clofazimine concentrations after the 4-week loading phase were 0.87 and 0.50 mg/L, respectively. Adverse events were common, but mostly mild and none led to discontinuation of clofazimine. Our loading dose regimen reduced the predicted median time to target concentrations by 1.5 months compared to no loading dose (3.8 versus 5.3 months). Further time benefit was predicted with a 6-week loading dose regimen (1.4 versus 5.3 months).

Conclusion
A 4-week loading dose regimen of 300 mg once daily reduced the time to target clofazimine concentrations and was safe and well-tolerated. Extending the loading phase to 6 weeks could further decrease the time to target concentrations. Using a loading dose of clofazimine is a feasible strategy to optimize treatment of NTM disease.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT05294146
End user experience of a widely used artificial intelligence based sepsis system
Authors: Owoyemi Ayomide , Okpara Ebere , Salwei Megan , Boyd Andrew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Research on the Epic Sepsis System (ESS) has predominantly focused on technical accuracy, neglecting the user experience of healthcare professionals. Understanding these experiences is crucial for the design of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in clinical settings. This study aims to explore the socio-technical dynamics affecting ESS adoption and use, based on user perceptions and experiences.

Materials and Methods
Resident doctors and nurses with recent ESS interaction were interviewed using purposive sampling until data saturation. A content analysis was conducted using Dedoose software, with codes generated from Sittig and Singh’s and Salwei and Carayon’s frameworks, supplemented by inductive coding for emerging themes.

Results
Interviews with 10 healthcare providers revealed mixed but generally positive or neutral perceptions of the ESS. Key discussion points included its workflow integration and usability. Findings were organized into 2 main domains: workflow fit, and usability and utility, highlighting the system’s seamless electronic health record integration and identifying design gaps.

Discussion
This study offers insights into clinicians’ experiences with the ESS, emphasizing the socio-technical factors that influence its adoption and effective use. The positive reception was tempered by identified design issues, with clinician perceptions varying by their professional experience and frequency of ESS interaction.

Conclusion
The findings highlight the need for ongoing ESS refinement, emphasizing a balance between technological advancement and clinical practicality. This research contributes to the understanding of AI system adoption in healthcare, suggesting improvements for future clinical AI tools.
Concordance of data collected by an app for medical history taking and in-person interviews from patients in primary care
Authors: Joos Carla , Albrink Klara , Hummers Eva , Müller Frank , Antweiler Kai , Schröder Dominik , Noack Eva Maria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study investigates the concordance of patient information collected using a medical history app compared to in-person interviews.

Materials and Methods
In this cross-sectional study we used an app to collect medical data from patients in family practice in Germany. Collected information included age, height, weight, perceived severity of complaints, and 38 current complaints. Subsequently, in-person interviews based on the query structure of the app were conducted with patients directly after the patient finished filling out the app. Concordance was assessed as exact matches between the data collected app-based and in-person interviews, with the in-person interview as a reference. Regression analysis examined which patient characteristics were associated with mismatching and underreporting of complaints.

Results
Three hundred ninety-nine patients were included in the study. Concordance of reported age, weight, and height, as well as perceived severity of complaints ranged from 76.2% to 96.7%. Across all 38 complaints, 64.4% of participants showed completely identical complaint selection in app-based and in-person interviews; 18.5% of all participants overreported; and 17.0% underreported at least 1 complaint when using the app. Male sex, higher age, and higher number of stated complaints were associated with higher odds of underreporting at least one complaint in the app.

Discussion
App-collected data regarding age, weight, height, and perceived severity of complaints showed high concordance. The discordance shown concerning various complaints should be examined regarding their potential for medical errors.

Conclusion
The introduction of apps for gathering information on complaints can improve the efficiency and quality of care but must first be improved.

Trial registration
The study was registered at the German Clinical Trials Register No. DRKS00026659 registered November 3, 2021. World Health Organization Trial Registration Data Set, https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00026659
How does anthropogenic food influence the trophic ecology of Rocky Mountain Red Fox?
Authors: Burkholder Emily N , Stephenson John , Hegg Sarah , Gustine David , Robinson Tim , Holbrook Joseph D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Providing novel food subsidies to wildlife can influence behavior, resource use, disease dynamics, and food web interactions. Studies examining impacts of anthropogenic food have primarily occurred in urban landscapes where anthropogenic resources are consistently accessible. National parks, however, experience similar issues regarding wildlife exploiting anthropogenic food, but access to anthropogenic food is contingent on human visitation, which can fluctuate dramatically between seasons. We evaluated how fluctuating availability of anthropogenic food and demographic factors influenced the isotopic niche of Rocky Mountain Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes macroura) at the population and individual level in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. From 2016 to 2021, we assessed diet-related questions by collecting 55 whisker samples and 52 hair samples from 40 unique individuals and analyzed them using stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N). We discovered that Rocky Mountain red foxes have a broad isotopic niche, with seasonal differences in their consumption of anthropogenic food. Contrary to our expectations, foxes demonstrated increased reliance on anthropogenic food (higher δ13C values) during winter months, whereas natural food consumption or dietary mixing was more prominent in summer months. Natural food scarcity could be driving foxes to seek out more anthropogenic food in the winter, whereas the increased abundance of natural food items in the summer could result in a lower need for foxes to supplement their diet with anthropogenic food. Adults had consistently higher δ13C values relative to juveniles, indicating either intraspecific variation in boldness or dominance leading to increased exploitation of anthropogenic food, which could be a learned behavior coinciding with habituation. Finally, we observed that increasing densities of human features within the home range of a fox was a strong predictor of anthropogenic food reliance at the individual level. Our work provided a deeper understanding of the trophic ecology of Rocky Mountain Red Fox in relation to human activity in a nature preserve, and equipped managers with insight into potential patterns associated with food-conditioned foxes.
Law and Order in Counterinsurgency: The Link between Insurgent Group Characteristics and the Use of Domestic Law Enforcement
Authors: Alakoc Burcu Pinar , Asal Victor 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Modern-day insurgencies are adaptive, enduring, and increasingly intertwined with criminal elements, and therefore pose serious threats to regional and global security. In response, counterinsurgency strategies have become more diversified. One of the strategies that states can employ toward insurgencies is the use of domestic law enforcement, which includes operations by police and intelligence agencies. Given the predominant focus on military approaches, however, there is little empirical work that examines the use of domestic law enforcement in counterinsurgencies. To address this, we investigate the underlying reasons behind a government’s decision to deploy domestic law enforcement against insurgencies. We argue that specific attributes of insurgent groups significantly shape this decision. Using the BAADI2 dataset, our analysis shows that insurgent groups that participate in cooperative alliances and engage in criminal activities are most likely to motivate a state’s decision to deploy domestic law enforcement as a counterinsurgency strategy against them.
School as a place for Bildung and flourishing
Authors: Lea Kjersti E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article explores the potential of schools to enhance students’ well-being and overall quality of life. The discussion is framed through two distinct perspectives: the Bildung tradition and Aristotelian ethics. In regions where the Bildung tradition is prominent, schools are traditionally viewed as environments conducive to fostering humaneness. However, contemporary educational policies often diverge from the core values of Bildung-oriented education. The article advocates for the continued promotion of Bildung and flourishing within schools. To achieve this, certain foundational conditions must be met. One such condition is acknowledging students’ need for a sense of belonging and purpose, which is essential for their flourishing. This flourishing, in turn, equips students with the courage and resilience to face an uncertain future and contribute to societal change. For schools to foster a sense of belonging, they must be meaningful places of interaction and companionship, both physically and socially. This necessitates recognizing that educational environments are situated within specific geographical and cultural contexts. Consequently, education should not be excessively standardized. The Bildung tradition provides insights into why this is important. When combined with Aristotelian ethics, it becomes possible to develop schools that offer students a sense of belonging and purpose, thereby promoting their flourishing. In this framework, Bildung and flourishing are seen as concepts that embody possibilities and optimism, offering hope and empowerment at both individual and collective levels.
Developmental changes in how pedestrians cross streets in single- vs. dual-lane traffic conditions
Authors: Morrongiello Barbara A , Corbett Michael , Zolis Caroline 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Pedestrian injury is a leading contributor to childhood deaths. This study compared the crossing behaviors of children with adults when crossing in virtual single-lane vs. two-lane traffic conditions.

Method
Using a fully immersive virtual reality system, children 7–10 years and adults crossed streets with traffic in one lane (near lane) or in two lanes (near and far lane) with 0 offset so cars from opposing directions arrived at the child’s crossing line at the same time. On each trial, pedestrians made a decision on when to cross and then completed the crossing, with measures of attention and crossing behaviors automatically recorded by the system as they did so.

Results
In comparison to crossing a single lane of traffic, crossing two-lane roads increased injury risk for all pedestrians, though children experienced significantly greater risk than adults. Children predominantly crossed by stopping before entering the far lane, whereas adults showed greater synchronization of self-movement to traffic flow and more often crossed both lanes without stopping.

Conclusions
Children experience more high-risk outcomes than adults when crossing single-lane roads. Crossing two-lane roads elevates risk for pedestrians of both ages, though this risk is significantly greater for child than adult pedestrians. The predominant strategy used to cross two lanes of traffic shows significant developmental changes. Implications for injury prevention are discussed.
Spontaneous splenic rupture as a primary manifestation of angiosarcoma: a case report
Authors: Awashra Ameer , Sawaftah Zaid , Odah Ali Bani , Sawafta Ahmed , Khatib Amer , Dababat Huthayfa , Yasin Anas , Khamaysa Jehad , Daraghmeh Muath 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Angiosarcoma, a rare endothelial cell tumor, accounts for &lt; 2% of all sarcomas, typically affecting elderly patients. We present the case of a 62-year-old male with a history of hypertension and ischemic heart disease, who initially presented with severe lower back pain. Subsequent imaging revealed a ruptured splenic lesion and multiple liver lesions, leading to a diagnosis of stage 4 angiosarcoma. Post-splenectomy, the patient exhibited pathological vertebral fractures and elevated liver function tests, consistent with metastatic disease. Despite aggressive surgical intervention and supportive care, the patient’s condition remained critical. The treatment plan included palliative chemotherapy, spine radiotherapy, and ongoing pain management, with close monitoring of disease progression and response to therapy. This case describes the diagnostic challenges and poor prognosis associated with metastatic angiosarcoma.
High water use efficiency due to maintenance of photosynthetic capacity in sorghum under water stress
Authors: Al-Salman Yazen , Cano Francisco Javier , Mace Emma , Jordan David , Groszmann Michael , Ghannoum Oula 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Environmental change requires more crop production per water use to meet the rising global food demands. However, improving crop intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) usually comes at the expense of carbon assimilation. Sorghum is a key crop in many vulnerable agricultural systems with higher tolerance to water stress (WS) than most widely planted crops. To investigate physiological controls on iWUE and its inheritance in sorghum, we screened 89 genotypes selected based on inherited haplotypes from an elite line or five exotics lines, containing a mix of geographical origins and dry versus milder climates, which included different aquaporin (AQP) alleles. We found significant variation among key highly heritable gas exchange and hydraulic traits, with some being significantly affected by variation in haplotypes among parental lines. Plants with a higher proportion of the non-stomatal component of iWUE still maintained iWUE under WS by maintaining photosynthetic capacity, independently of reduction in leaf hydraulic conductance. Haplotypes associated with two AQPs (SbPIP1.1 and SbTIP3.2) influenced iWUE and related traits. These findings expand the range of traits that bridge the trade-off between iWUE and productivity in C4 crops, and provide possible genetic regions that can be targeted for breeding.
A One Health exploration of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli originated from urban and rural lakes ecosystem
Authors: Priyanka Priyanka , Meena Prem Raj , Raj Dharma , Mishra Purnima , Jha Anand Kumar , Duggirala K Siddaardha , Dhanokar Akshay , Kumar Amit , Rana Anuj , Singh Arvind Pratap 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most serious threats to One Health. Aquatic environments are an ideal non-clinical AMR reservoir and can act as a key battlefront for tackling the AMR. However, AMR data using the One Health approach remain scarce in aquatic environments worldwide. Here, we extensively assessed AMR in Escherichia coli isolated from urban and rural lake ecosystems using the One Health perspective. A total of 162 E. coli isolates obtained from lakes were tested against 25 antimicrobials using an in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing method. A low (2%) to moderate (45%) drug resistance rate was found for all antimicrobials used in human/veterinary medicine or animal/plant agriculture. However, &lt;80% E. coli isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype to highly important (amikacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim) or critically important (amoxicillin, ampicillin, colistin) drugs of both human and veterinary medicine. Of concern, &gt;50% of E. coli isolates exhibited MDR to drugs used as last-resorts (chloramphenicol, colistin) or as frontline (nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, gentamicin) against E. coli infections. In conclusion, the presence of MDR E. coli strains in urban or rural lake ecosystems highlights their possible role as AMR reservoirs with potential One Health risks.
More than just the gene: investigating expression using a non-native plasmid and host and its impact on resistance conferred by β-lactamase OXA-58 isolated from a hospital wastewater microbiome
Authors: Wu J , Thompson T P , O'Connell N H , McCracken K , Powell J , Gilmore B F , Dunne C P , Kelly S A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With the escalation of hospital-acquired infections by multidrug resistant bacteria, understanding antibiotic resistance is of paramount importance. This study focuses on the β-lactamase gene, blaOXA-58, an important resistance determinant identified in a patient-facing hospital wastewater system. This study aimed to characterize the behaviour of the OXA-58 enzyme when expressed using a non-native plasmid and expression host. blaOXA-58 was cloned using a pET28a(+)/Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) expression system. Nitrocefin hydrolysis and antimicrobial susceptibility of OXA-58-producing cells were assessed against penicillin G, ampicillin, meropenem, and amoxicillin. blaOXA-58 conferred resistance to amoxicillin, penicillin G, and ampicillin, but not to meropenem. This was unexpected given OXA-58’s annotation as a carbapenemase. The presence of meropenem also reduced nitrocefin hydrolysis, suggesting it acts as a competitive inhibitor of the OXA-58 enzyme. This study elucidates the phenotypic resistance conferred by an antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) obtained from a clinically relevant setting and reveals that successful functional expression of ARGs is multifaceted. This study challenges the reliability of predicting antimicrobial resistance based solely on gene sequence alone, and serves as a reminder of the intricate interplay between genetics and structural factors in understanding resistance profiles across different host environments.
Medieval reading in the twenty-first century?
Authors: Ward Aengus , He Shiyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Reading practices in medieval manuscripts have often been the subject of critical analysis in the past. Recent technological developments have extended the range of analytical possibilities; one such development is that of eye tracking. In the present article, we outline the results of an experiment using eye tracking technologies which were carried out recently in Spain. The analysis points to particular trends in the ways in which modern readers interact with medieval textual forms and we use this analysis to point to future possibilities in the use of eye tracking to broaden and deepen our understanding of the workings of the medieval page.
Not Quite Yet a Hazy Limbo of Mystery: Intuition in Russell’s An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry
Authors: Nunez Tyke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
I argue that in Bertrand Russell’s An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry (1897), his forms of externality serve the same fundamental role in grounding the possibility of geometry that Immanuel Kant’s forms of intuition serve in grounding geometry in his critical philosophy. Specifically, both provide knowledge of bare numerical difference, where we have no concept of this difference. Because geometry deals with such conceptually homogeneous magnitudes and their composition on both accounts, forms of intuition or externality (respectively) are at its foundation.
The evolutionary history of GD 1400AB, a white dwarf–brown dwarf binary
Authors: Casewell S L , Burleigh M R , Napiwotzki R , Zorotovic M , Bergeron P , French J R , Hermes J J , Faedi F , Lawrie K L 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
GD1400AB was one of the first known white dwarf $+$ brown dwarf binaries and is the only one of these systems where the white dwarf is a ZZ Ceti pulsator. Here, we present both radial velocity measurements and time-series photometry, analysing both the white dwarf pulsations and the effects of irradiation on the brown dwarf. We find that the brightness temperatures of 1760 $\pm $ 10 K for the nightside and 1860 $\pm$ 10 K for the dayside indicate that the brown dwarf is hotter than spectra have previously suggested, although brightness temperatures calculated using a larger radius for the brown dwarf are consistent with previously determined spectral types. We also discuss the likely evolutionary pathway of this binary and put its common envelope phase into context with the other known systems.
AMIR: a multi-omics data platform for Asteraceae plants genetics and breeding research
Authors: Liu Dongxu , Luo Chengfang , Dai Rui , Huang Xiaoyan , Chen Xiang , He Lin , Mao Hongxia , Li Jiawei , Zhang Linna , Yang Qing-Yong , Mei Zhinan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As the largest family of dicotyledon, the Asteraceae family comprises a variety of economically important crops, ornamental plants and numerous medicinal herbs. Advancements in genomics and transcriptomic have revolutionized research in Asteraceae species, generating extensive omics data that necessitate an efficient platform for data integration and analysis. However, existing databases face challenges in mining genes with specific functions and supporting cross-species studies. To address these gaps, we introduce the Asteraceae Multi-omics Information Resource (AMIR; https://yanglab.hzau.edu.cn/AMIR/), a multi-omics hub for the Asteraceae plant community. AMIR integrates diverse omics data from 74 species, encompassing 132 genomes, 4 408 432 genes annotated across seven different perspectives, 3897 transcriptome sequencing samples spanning 131 organs, tissues and stimuli, 42 765 290 unique variants and 15 662 metabolites genes. Leveraging these data, AMIR establishes the first pan-genome, comparative genomics and transcriptome system for the Asteraceae family. Furthermore, AMIR offers user-friendly tools designed to facilitate extensive customized bioinformatics analyses. Two case studies demonstrate AMIR’s capability to provide rapid, reproducible and reliable analysis results. In summary, by integrating multi-omics data of Asteraceae species and developing powerful analytical tools, AMIR significantly advances functional genomics research and contributes to breeding practices of Asteraceae.