bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary strategies for achieving adequate vitamin D and iron intakes in young children in Ireland
Authors: Kehoe L. , Walton J. , McNulty B.A. , Nugent A.P. , Flynn A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundInadequate intakes of vitamin D and iron have been reported in young children in Ireland. The present study aimed to identify the main foods determining vitamin D and iron intakes and to model the impact of dietary strategies to improve adequacy of these micronutrients in young children.MethodsThe present study is based on the Irish National Pre‐School Nutrition Survey (NPNS), which estimated food and nutrient intakes in a representative sample (n = 500) of children (aged 1–4 years) using a 4‐day weighed food record. Dietary strategies were modelled using DaDiet© software (Dazult Ltd, Co. Kildare, Republic of Ireland) and the usual intake distribution, prevalence of inadequate intakes and risk of excessive intakes were estimated using the National Cancer Institute method.ResultsFortified foods and nutritional supplements were the key foods influencing the intakes of vitamin D and iron. Adding a 5 μg day−1 vitamin D supplement, fortifying cow's milk (CM) with vitamin D or replacing CM with growing‐up milk (GUM) would modestly increase intakes of vitamin D. A combined strategy of fortifying CM with vitamin D or replacing CM with GUM plus a 5 μg day−1 vitamin D supplement would increase mean intakes of vitamin D (from 3.5 μg day−1 at baseline to ≥11 μg day−1) and substantially reduce the prevalence of inadequate intakes (from >95% to 12–36%). Fortifying CM with iron or replacing CM with GUM would increase mean intakes of iron (from 7.3 mg day−1 to >10 mg day−1), achieving adequate intakes across all ages.ConclusionsBased on real food consumption data in a representative sample of Irish children, we have shown that through targeted dietary strategies adequate intakes of iron are achievable and intakes of vitamin D could be greatly improved.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome in France: a nationwide epidemiological analysis based on hospital discharge data (2008–2013)
Authors: Delannoy Alexandra , Rudant Jérémie , Chaignot Christophe , Bolgert Francis , Mikaeloff Yann , Weill Alain 
Published: December 2016

AbstractGuillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is potentially life threatening and typically occurs after an infection. No detailed information is available concerning the epidemiological characteristics of GBS in France. We estimated age‐ and sex‐specific incidence rates (IRs) based on a French nationwide hospital discharge database. All patients hospitalized for GBS between 2008 and 2013 were identified by International Classification of Diseases‐10 code G61.0 as principal diagnosis. Patients previously hospitalized for GBS in 2006 and 2007 were excluded. Sensitivity analyses were performed by considering alternative case definitions, based on more restrictive sets of codes. A total of 9,391 patients were identified, leading to an overall crude IR of 2.42 per 100,000 person‐years (world standardized IR = 2.00). IRs increased with age, reaching a peak in the 70–79‐year age group. IR was 46% higher in men than in women, and 44% higher in winter than in summer. In children, the highest IR was observed at the age of 2 years. These patterns were not modified by the use of alternative case definitions. This French nationwide study showed similar GBS epidemiological patterns in adults to those reported in other countries. We also report a childhood incidence peak around the age of 2 years, as previously observed in Latin American and Chinese populations.
Roles of the gut in the metabolic syndrome: an overview
Authors: Fändriks L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors (central obesity, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and arterial hypertension), indicating an increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. The gastrointestinal tract is seldom discussed as an organ system of principal importance for metabolic diseases. The present overview connects various metabolic research lines into an integrative physiological context in which the gastrointestinal tract is included. Strong evidence for the involvement of the gut in the metabolic syndrome derives from the powerful effects of weight‐reducing (bariatric) gastrointestinal surgery. In fact, gastrointestinal surgery is now recommended as a standard treatment option for type 2 diabetes in obesity. Several gut‐related mechanisms that potentially contribute to the metabolic syndrome will be presented. Obesity can be caused by hampered release of satiety‐signalling gut hormones, reduced meal‐associated energy expenditure and microbiota‐assisted harvest of energy from nondigestible food ingredients. Adiposity per se is a well‐established risk factor for hyperglycaemia. In addition, a leaky gut mucosa can trigger systemic inflammation mediating peripheral insulin resistance that together with a blunted incretin response aggravates the hyperglycaemic state. The intestinal microbiota is strongly associated with obesity and the related metabolic disease states, although the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Enterorenal signalling has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension and postprandial triglyceride‐rich chylomicrons; in addition, intestinal cholesterol metabolism probably contributes to atherosclerosis. It is likely that in the future, the metabolic syndrome will be treated according to novel pharmacological principles interfering with gastrointestinal functionality.
Socio‐economic status and quality of life in children with chronic disease: A systematic review
Authors: Didsbury Madeleine S , Kim Siah , Medway Meredith M , Tong Allison , McTaggart Steven J , Walker Amanda M , White Sarah , Mackie Fiona E , Kara Tonya , Craig Jonathan C , Wong Germaine 
Published: December 2016

AbstractReduced quality of life (QoL) is a known consequence of chronic disease in children, and this association may be more evident in those who are socio‐economically disadvantaged. The aims of this systematic review were to assess the association between socio‐economic disadvantage andQoLamong children with chronic disease, and to identify the specific socio‐economic factors that are most influential.MEDLINE, Embase andPsycINFOwere searched to March 2015. Observational studies that reported the association between at least one measure of social disadvantage in caregivers and at least oneQoLmeasure in children and young people (age 2–21 years) with a debilitating non‐communicable childhood disease (asthma, chronic kidney disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus and epilepsy) were eligible. A total of 30 studies involving 6957 patients were included (asthma (six studies,n= 576), chronic kidney disease (four studies,n= 796), epilepsy (14 studies,n= 2121), type 1 diabetes mellitus (six studies,n= 3464)). A total of 22 (73%) studies reported a statistically significant association between at least one socio‐economic determinant andQoL. Parental education, occupation, marital status, income and health insurance coverage were associated with reducedQoLin children with chronic disease. The quality of the included studies varied widely and there was a high risk of reporting bias. Children with chronic disease from lower socio‐economic backgrounds experience reducedQoLcompared with their wealthier counterparts. Initiatives to improve access to and usage of medical and psychological services by children and their families who are socio‐economically disadvantaged may help to mitigate the disparities and improve outcomes in children with chronic illnesses.
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS IN THE WEST DIKIRNIS AND EL‐TAMAD FIELDS, ONSHORE NILE DELTA, EGYPT: INTERPRETATION OF POTENTIAL SOURCE ROCKS
Authors: Leila M. , Moscariello A. 
Published: December 2016

Crude oil in the West Dikirnis field in the northern onshore Nile Delta, Egypt, occurs in the poorly‐sorted Miocene sandstones of the Qawasim Formation. The geochemical composition and source of this oil is investigated in this paper. The reservoir sandstones are overlain by mudstones in the upper part of the Qawasim Formation and in the overlying Pliocene Kafr El‐Sheikh Formation. However TOC and Rock‐Eval analyses of these mudstones indicate that they have little potential to generate hydrocarbons, and mudstone extracts show little similarity in terms of biomarker compositions to the reservoired oils. The oils at West Dikirnis are interpreted to have been derived from an Upper Cretaceous – Lower Tertiary terrigenous, clay‐rich source rock, and to have migrated up along steeply‐dipping faults to the Qawasim sandstones reservoir. This interpretation is supported by the high C29/C27 sterane, diasterane/sterane, hopane/sterane and oleanane/C30 hopane ratios in the oils. Biomarker‐based maturity indicators (Ts/Tm, moretanes/hopanes and C32 homohopanes S/S+R) suggest that oil expulsion occurred before the source rock reached peak maturity. Previous studies have shown that the Upper Cretaceous – Lower Tertiary source rock is widely distributed throughout the on‐ and offshore Nile Delta.A wet gas sample from the Messinian sandstones at El‐Tamad field, located near to West Dikirnis, was analysed to determine its molecular and isotopic composition. The presence of isotopically heavy δ13 methane, ethane and propane indicates a thermogenic origin for the gas which was cracked directly from a humic kerogen. A preliminary burial and thermal history model suggests that wet gas window maturities in the study area occur within the Jurassic succession, and the gas at El‐Tamad may therefore be derived from a source rock of Jurassic age.
QMLE for Quadratic ARCH Model with Long Memory
Authors: Grublytė Ieva , Surgailis Donatas , Škarnulis Andrius 
Published: December 2016

We discuss parametric quasi‐maximum likelihood estimation for quadratic autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) process with long memory introduced in Doukhan emphet al. (2016) and Grublytė and Škarnulis (2016) with conditional variance involving the square of inhomogeneous linear combination of observable sequence with square summable weights. The aforementioned model extends the quadratic ARCH model of Sentana () and the linear ARCH model of Robinson () to the case of strictly positive conditional variance. We prove consistency and asymptotic normality of the corresponding quasi‐maximum likelihood estimates, including the estimate of long memory parameter 0 < d < 1/2. A simulation study of empirical mean‐squared error is included.
Passive acoustic recording of Ophidion rochei calling activity in Calvi Bay (France)
Authors: Kéver Loïc , Lejeune Pierre , Michel Loïc N. , Parmentier Eric 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPassive acoustic recording (PAR) systems are non‐invasive and allow researchers to collect data over large spatial and/or temporal scales. As fish sounds are species‐specific and repetitive, PAR can provide a large amount of data about spatio‐temporal variation in fish distribution and behaviors. Ophidion rochei, found in the Mediterranean and Black Seas, is a sand‐dwelling species, meaning that the behavior of this cryptic nocturnal fish cannot be observed in the field. Fortunately, male O. rochei produce long, multiple‐pulsed calls that are easy to identify. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not male calls are linked to reproduction behaviors. If so, PAR would allow a detailed description of the seasonal and daily rhythms in O. rochei reproduction behavior. A hydrophone was deployed from 18 July 2011 to 21 June 2012 and from 7 June 2013 to 2 July 2013 on a sandy area (42°34′48′′ N, 8°43′43′′ E) in front of the STARESO research station (NW Corsica). Male sounds were obtained only at night from late spring to early fall. The annual sound production period corresponds to the reproductive season of O. rochei. Sound production followed diel cycles: it was sustained for the entire night at the beginning of the sound production season but limited to shorter periods in the evening during the second half of the season. These differences in daily and seasonal sound production tempo can be used in future recordings to make inter‐annual comparisons and estimate the physiological state of the fish.
Martian cratering 11. Utilizing decameter scale crater populations to study Martian history
Authors: Hartmann W. K. , Daubar I. J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNew information has been obtained in recent years regarding formation rates and the production size‐frequency distribution (PSFD) of decameter‐scale primary Martian craters formed during recent orbiter missions. Here we compare the PSFD of the currently forming small primaries (P) with new data on the PSFD of the total small crater population that includes primaries and field secondaries (P + fS), which represents an average over longer time periods. The two data sets, if used in a combined manner, have extraordinary potential for clarifying not only the evolutionary history and resurfacing episodes of small Martian geological formations (as small as one or few km2) but also possible episodes of recent climatic change. In response to recent discussions of statistical methodologies, we point out that crater counts do not produce idealized statistics, and that inherent uncertainties limit improvements that can be made by more sophisticated statistical analyses. We propose three mutually supportive procedures for interpreting crater counts of small craters in this context. Applications of these procedures support suggestions that topographic features in upper meters of mid‐latitude ice‐rich areas date only from the last few periods of extreme Martian obliquity, and associated predicted climate excursions.
A computational model of the effect of capillary density variability on oxygen transport, glucose uptake, and insulin sensitivity in prediabetes
Authors: Sové Richard J. , Goldman Daniel , Fraser Graham M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to model how CD variability affects tissue oxygenation under resting and exercise conditions. Additionally, we examine how CD impacts glucose and insulin transport in skeletal muscle.MethodsWe applied an established 3D finite difference model of oxygen transport to predict tissue oxygenation using FCD, hemodynamics, and SO2 measurements from a previous study. A 2D finite element model of glucose transport was applied to predict glucose and insulin uptake in PP and fasting conditions using the same range of CD.ResultsControl simulations used CD ranging from 562.5 to 781.3 capillaries/mm2, whereas prediabetic densities ranged from 375.0 to 593.8 capillaries/mm2. Mean tissue PO2 was 30.6±4.6 to 40.5±3.6 mm Hg for rest and 19.6±6.7 to 33.27±4.7 mm Hg for control and prediabetic simulations, respectively. Mean PP glucose concentrations were 5.85±1.13 mmol/L in the control group and 5.11±1.28 in the prediabetic simulations. Glucose uptake rates were 35% lower in the lowest capillary CD case compared to the high CD simulation.ConclusionsOur simulations predict that CD decreases can have a substantial effect on oxygen delivery and glucose disposal across the observed physiological ranges of capillarization.
The fascinating facets of plant selenium accumulation – biochemistry, physiology, evolution and ecology
Authors: Schiavon Michela , Pilon‐Smits Elizabeth A. H. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe importance of selenium (Se) for medicine, industry and the environment is increasingly apparent. Se is essential for many species, including humans, but toxic at elevated concentrations. Plant Se accumulation and volatilization may be applied in crop biofortification and phytoremediation. Topics covered here include beneficial and toxic effects of Se on plants, mechanisms of Se accumulation and tolerance in plants and algae, Se hyperaccumulation, and ecological and evolutionary aspects of these processes. Plant species differ in the concentration and forms of Se accumulated, Se partitioning at the whole‐plant and tissue levels, and the capacity to distinguish Se from sulfur. Mechanisms of Se hyperaccumulation and its adaptive significance appear to involve constitutive up‐regulation of sulfate/selenate uptake and assimilation, associated with elevated concentrations of defense‐related hormones. Hyperaccumulation has evolved independently in at least three plant families, probably as an elemental defense mechanism and perhaps mediating elemental allelopathy. Elevated plant Se protects plants from generalist herbivores and pathogens, but also gives rise to the evolution of Se‐resistant specialists. Plant Se accumulation affects ecological interactions with herbivores, pollinators, neighboring plants, and microbes. Hyperaccumulation tends to negatively affect Se‐sensitive ecological partners while facilitating Se‐resistant partners, potentially affecting species composition and Se cycling in seleniferous ecosystems.

Contents

Summary
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I.
Introduction
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II.
Biochemistry and physiology of plant Se uptake, metabolism and tolerance
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III.
Evolutionary aspects of plant Se (hyper)accumulation
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IV.
Ecological aspects of plant Se (hyper)accumulation
1590

V.
Future prospects
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Acknowledgements
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References
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Plant grafting: how genetic exchange promotes vascular reconnection
Authors: Wang Jing , Jiang Libo , Wu Rongling 
Published: December 2016

SummaryGrafting has been widely used to improve horticultural traits. It has also served increasingly as a tool to investigate the long‐distance transport of molecules that is an essential part for key biological processes. Many studies have revealed the molecular mechanisms of graft‐induced phenotypic variation in anatomy, morphology and production. Here, we review the phenomena and their underlying mechanisms by which macromolecules, including RNA, protein, and even DNA, are transported between scions and rootstocks via vascular tissues. We further propose a conceptual framework that characterizes and quantifies the driving mechanisms of scion–rootstock interactions toward vascular reconnection and regeneration.
Incomplete and incorrect epinephrine auto‐injector training to food‐allergic patients by pharmacists in the Netherlands
Authors: Saleh‐Langenberg J. , de Vries S. , Bak E. , Kollen B. J. , Flokstra‐de Blok B. M. J. , Dubois A. E. J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundSuccessful treatment of anaphylaxis in the community relies on early and correct use of epinephrine auto‐injectors (EAI). In the Netherlands, pharmacists supply EAIs to patients and have a crucial role in instructing patients in how and when to use EAI. However, there are currently no data in Europe on the quality of such instruction provided by pharmacists. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding food allergy among pharmacists in the Netherlands and to investigate the quality of EAI instructions and demonstrations to patients by pharmacists.MethodsPharmacists were asked to complete an online questionnaire. Quality of instructions and demonstration accuracy were assessed in mystery guest visits to randomly selected pharmacies. For the statistical analysis, descriptive methods were used.ResultsIn total, 25 of 115 questionnaires were completed. Only two (8%) respondents gave correct answers concerning the proper EAI demonstration. Twenty‐one (84%) respondents thought that the provision of instructions was the responsibility of pharmacists. In total, ten pharmacies were included in simulated patient visits. Five of them (50%) demonstrated the EAI. None of them demonstrated the EAI use correctly.ConclusionFood‐allergic patients at high risk for anaphylaxis who receive their EAI from a community pharmacy are often not instructed on how to use an EAI or receive incorrect instructions. Pharmacists show considerable gaps in knowledge about food allergy and its management. These data suggest that opportunities exist to improve the quality of care provided by pharmacies to high‐risk food‐allergic patients.
Parental perception of their child's quality of life in children with non‐immunoglobulin‐E‐mediated gastrointestinal allergies
Authors: Foong R. X. , Meyer R. , Godwin H. , Dziubak R. , Lozinsky A. C. , Reeve K. , Knibb R. , Shah N. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundFood allergy can have a significant impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Parental proxy questionnaires are commonly used when children are too young to complete questionnaires themselves. Little data are available on HRQoL in children with non‐IgE‐mediated gastrointestinal food allergy (GIFA). The aim of this study was to evaluate HRQoL in these children by parent proxy.MethodsA cross‐sectional questionnaire study was conducted with children aged 2–16 years with confirmed GIFA. Parents of these children completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) and the family impact module of the PedsQL. The PedsQL scores were compared to two published cohorts: functional abdominal pain (FAP) and IgE‐mediated food allergy.ResultsFifty‐two parents of children with GIFA completed the PedsQL™ parent proxy. The GIFA cohort had significantly better overall HRQoL compared with the FAP cohort, but lower emotional functioning scores. The GIFA cohort also had poorer physical QoL compared with the IgE cohort (all p < 0.05). The more foods excluded, comorbidity of nasal congestion, abdominal pain, back arching, the persistence of flatus and gastrointestinal symptom severity after elimination diet were related to poorer QoL in this non‐IgE cohort. Regression analyses showed that number of foods and nasal congestion significantly predicted total QoL score as perceived by parents.ConclusionsThis study has shown that different areas of HRQoL of children with GIFA are affected compared with children with FAP or IgE‐mediated food allergy, highlighting the need for a specific GIFA HRQoL questionnaire to better understand the impact on these children.
Retrospective Study of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Children
Authors: Tull Rechelle , Ahn Christine , Daniel Alyssa , Yosipovitch Gil , Strowd Lindsay C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesRocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a lethal tick‐borne illness, is prevalent in the south central United States. Children younger than 10 years old have the greatest risk of fatal outcome from RMSF. The objective of the current study was to review pediatric cases of RMSF seen in the dermatology consult service and to evaluate dermatology's role in the diagnosis and management of this disease.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of inpatient dermatology consultations at a tertiary care center in North Carolina from 2001 to 2011. Data collected included patient demographic characteristics, symptoms, pre‐ and postconsultation diagnoses, diagnostic procedures, length of hospital stay, and outcome.ResultsA total of 3,912 consultations were conducted in the dermatology service over 10 years. Six patients with RMSF, ranging in age from 22 months to 10 years (mean 5.1 years), were evaluated during April, May, and June. All preconsultation diagnoses included RMSF in the differential diagnosis. All patients underwent skin biopsies, and a culture was obtained in one case. Fifty percent of patients died within 4 days of hospitalization.ConclusionsVariables associated with mortality from RMSF are delayed diagnosis and initiation of antirickettsial therapy. Physicians should consider RMSF in children presenting with fever and rash during the summer months. Dermatology consultation is useful in evaluating patients with suspicious clinical features of RMSF with skin findings.