bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long reaction times are associated with delayed brain activity in lewy body dementia
Authors: Firbank Michael J. , O'Brien John T. , Taylor John Paul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA significant symptom of Lewy body dementia (LBD) is slow cognitive processing or bradyphrenia. In a previous fMRI task‐based study, we found slower responses in LBD, accompanied by greater deactivation in the default mode network. In this study, we investigated the timing and magnitude of the activations and deactivations with respect to reaction time to determine whether the slower responses in LBD were associated with delayed neuronal activity. Using fMRI, we examined the magnitude and latency of activations and deactivations during an event‐related attention task in 32 patients with LBD and 23 healthy controls using predefined regions of interest. Default mode network deactivations did not significantly differ in their timing between groups or task conditions, while the task‐related activations in the parietal, occipital, frontal, and motor cortex were all significantly later in the LBD group. Repeating the analysis with reaction time as a parametric modulator of activation magnitude produced similar findings, with the reaction time modulator being significant in a number of regions including the default mode network, suggesting that the increased deactivation in LBD is partly explained by slower task completion. Our data suggest that the default mode network deactivation is initiated at the start of the task, and remains deactivated until its end, with the increased magnitude of deactivation in LBD reflecting the more prolonged cognitive processing in these patients. These data add substantially to our understanding of the neural origins of bradyphrenia, which will be essential for determining optimum therapeutic strategies for cognitive impairment in LBD. Hum Brain Mapp 39:633–643, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surface based electrode localization and standardized regions of interest for intracranial EEG
Authors: Trotta Michael S. , Cocjin John , Whitehead Emily , Damera Srikanth , Wittig John H. , Saad Ziad S. , Inati Sara K. , Zaghloul Kareem A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntracranial recordings captured from subdural electrodes in patients with drug resistant epilepsy offer clinicians and researchers a powerful tool for examining neural activity in the human brain with high spatial and temporal precision. There are two major challenges, however, to interpreting these signals both within and across individuals. Anatomical distortions following implantation make accurately identifying the electrode locations difficult. In addition, because each implant involves a unique configuration, comparing neural activity across individuals in a standardized manner has been limited to broad anatomical regions such as cortical lobes or gyri. We address these challenges here by introducing a semi‐automated method for localizing subdural electrode contacts to the unique surface anatomy of each individual, and by using a surface‐based grid of regions of interest (ROIs) to aggregate electrode data from similar anatomical locations across individuals. Our localization algorithm, which uses only a postoperative CT and preoperative MRI, builds upon previous spring‐based optimization approaches by introducing manually identified anchor points directly on the brain surface to constrain the final electrode locations. This algorithm yields an accuracy of 2 mm. Our surface‐based ROI approach involves choosing a flexible number of ROIs with different spatial resolutions. ROIs are registered across individuals to represent identical anatomical locations while accounting for the unique curvature of each brain surface. This ROI based approach therefore enables group level statistical testing from spatially precise anatomical regions.
When global rule reversal meets local task switching: The neural mechanisms of coordinated behavioral adaptation to instructed multi‐level demand changes
Authors: Shi Yiquan , Wolfensteller Uta , Schubert Torsten , Ruge Hannes 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCognitive flexibility is essential to cope with changing task demands and often it is necessary to adapt to combined changes in a coordinated manner. The present fMRI study examined how the brain implements such multi‐level adaptation processes. Specifically, on a “local,” hierarchically lower level, switching between two tasks was required across trials while the rules of each task remained unchanged for blocks of trials. On a “global” level regarding blocks of twelve trials, the task rules could reverse or remain the same. The current task was cued at the start of each trial while the current task rules were instructed before the start of a new block. We found that partly overlapping and partly segregated neural networks play different roles when coping with the combination of global rule reversal and local task switching. The fronto‐parietal control network (FPN) supported the encoding of reversed rules at the time of explicit rule instruction. The same regions subsequently supported local task switching processes during actual implementation trials, irrespective of rule reversal condition. By contrast, a cortico‐striatal network (CSN) including supplementary motor area and putamen was increasingly engaged across implementation trials and more so for rule reversal than for nonreversal blocks, irrespective of task switching condition. Together, these findings suggest that the brain accomplishes the coordinated adaptation to multi‐level demand changes by distributing processing resources either across time (FPN for reversed rule encoding and later for task switching) or across regions (CSN for reversed rule implementation and FPN for concurrent task switching).
Functional dysconnectivity of the limbic loop of frontostriatal circuits in first‐episode, treatment‐naive schizophrenia
Authors: Lin Pan , Wang Xiaosheng , Zhang Bei , Kirkpatrick Brian , Öngür Dost , Levitt James J. , Jovicich Jorge , Yao Shuqiao , Wang Xiang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFrontostriatal circuits dysfunction has been implicated in the etiology and psychopathology of patients with schizophrenia (SZ). However, few studies have investigated SZ‐related functional connectivity (FC) alterations in discrete frontostriatal circuits and their relationship with pathopsychology in first‐episode schizophrenia (FESZ). The goal of this study was to identify dysfunctions in discrete frontostriatal circuits that are associated with key features of FESZ. To this end, a case–control, cross‐sectional study was conducted, wherein resting‐state (RS) functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) data were collected from 37 treatment‐naïve FESZ patients and 29 healthy control (HC) subjects. Seed‐based FC analyses were performed by placing six bilateral pairs of seeds within a priori defined subdivisions of the striatum. We observed significantly decreased FC for the FESZ group relative to the HC group [p < .05, family‐wise error (FWE)‐corrected] in the limbic loop, but not in the sensorimotor or associative loops, of frontostriatal circuitry. Moreover, bilaterally decreased inferior ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens (VSi)‐dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) FC within the limbic loop correlated inversely with overall FESZ symptom severity and the disorganization factor score of PANSS. These findings provide new insight into the role of frontostriatal limbic loop hypoconnectivity in early‐stage schizophrenia pathology and suggest potential novel therapeutic targets.
Cesarean rates and severe maternal and neonatal outcomes according to the Robson 10‐Group Classification System in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand
Authors: Kankoon Natthapong , Lumbiganon Pisake , Kietpeerakool Chumnan , Sangkomkamhang Ussanee , Betrán Ana P. , Robson Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess cesarean rates and maternal and neonatal outcomes in each group in the Robson 10‐Group Classification System (TGCS).MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, data were reviewed from all pregnant women who delivered at 24 government hospitals in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, in 2014. Delivery and perinatal outcomes were recorded.ResultsOf 18 043 deliveries, 5666 (31.4%) were by cesarean. Women in group 5 (previous cesarean) accounted for the most cesareans (1472, 26.0%). Groups 1 and 2 (nulliparous women) accounted for 2355 (41.6%) of procedures; the rate of cesarean within these two groups was 19.4% (1162/5981) and 71.2% (1193/1675), respectively. As compared with group 1, women in groups 2, 4, 6, 7, and 10 had significantly increased risk of severe maternal outcomes, and those in groups 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 had an increased risk of severe neonatal outcomes.ConclusionThe rate of cesarean in the study setting was high, and three out of four procedures were performed for women in groups 5, 1, and 2. Interventions should be focused on these groups to reduce the overall cesarean rates.
Overlapping Groundwater Service Markets in a Palm Grove in the Algerian Sahara
Authors: Hamamouche Meriem Farah , Kuper Marcel , Hartani Tarik , Bouarfa Sami 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGroundwater service markets are important and dynamic institutions that provide water to a wide range of farmers in many regions. However, these institutions represent arenas of complex and often antagonistic relations, which determine which farmers gain access to water and how. This study analyses the emergence and functioning of groundwater service markets from a historical perspective to advance the understanding of the role of social power games in shaping these institutions. The study was conducted in the Sidi Okba oasis in the Algerian Sahara, where over recent decades, four (in)formal, often overlapping, groundwater service markets have emerged. These markets were shaped progressively by socio‐ethnic antagonism, state intervention and economic competition between water sellers. By continuously adjusting these institutions, the highly diverse irrigation community prevented the emergence of a monopoly in groundwater sales and maintained the balance of power between water sellers and buyers by countering possible control of groundwater access by a single socio‐ethnic or economic group. The demonstrated ability of the irrigation community to craft rules to ensure these groundwater service markets function should encourage public actors to mobilize this capacity to deal with the drop in water tables, which is one adverse outcome of the ‘success' of these markets. Copyright © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The potential of microRNAs as human prostate cancer biomarkers: A meta‐analysis of related studies
Authors: Song Chun‐Jiao , Chen Huan , Chen Li‐Zhong , Ru Guo‐Mei , Guo Jian‐Jun , Ding Qian‐Nan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractProstate cancer (PC) is a very important kind of male malignancies. When PC evolves into a stage of hormone resistance or metastasis, the fatality rate is very high. Currently, discoveries and advances in miRNAs as biomarkers have opened the potential for the diagnosis of PC, especially early diagnosis. miRNAs not only can noninvasively or minimally invasively identify PC, but also can provide the data for optimization and personalization of therapy. Moreover, miRNAs have been shown to play an important role to predict prognosis of PC. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to integrate the currently published expression profile data of miRNAs in PC, and evaluate the value of miRNAs as biomarkers for PC. All of relevant records were selected via electronic databases: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and CNKI based on the assessment of title, abstract, and full text. we extracted mean ± SD or fold change of miRNAs expression levels in PC versus BPH or normal controls. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS), were also calculated to detect the relationship between high miRNAs expression and PC prognosis. Selected 104 articles were published in 2007‐2017. According to the inclusion criteria, 104 records were included for this meta‐analysis. The pooled or stratified analyze showed 10 up‐regulated miRNAs (miR‐18a, miR‐34a, miR‐106b, miR‐141, miR‐182, miR‐183, miR‐200a/b, miR‐301a, and miR‐375) and 14 down‐regulated miRNAs (miR‐1, miR‐23b/27b, miR‐30c, miR‐99b, miR‐139‐5p, miR‐152, miR‐187, miR‐204, miR‐205, miR‐224, miR‐452, miR‐505, and let‐7c) had relatively good diagnostic and predictive potential to discriminate PC from BPH/normal controls. Furthermore, high expression of miR‐32 and low expression of let‐7c could be used to differentiate metastatic PC from local/primary PC. Additional interesting findings were that the expression profiles of five miRNAs (miR‐21, miR‐30c, miR‐129, miR‐145, and let‐7c) could predict poor RFS of PC, while the evaluation of miR‐375 was associated with worse OS. miRNAs are important regulators in PC progression. Our results indicate that miRNAs are suitable for predicting the different stages of PC. The detection of miRNAs is an effective way to control patient's prognosis and evaluate therapeutic efficacy. However, large‐scale detections based on common clinical guidelines are still necessary to further validate our conclusions, due to the bias induced by molecular heterogeneity and differences in study design and detection methods.
Low‐protein diet for conservative management of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled trials
Authors: Rhee Connie M. , Ahmadi Seyed‐Foad , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundRecent data pose the question whether conservative management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by means of a low‐protein diet can be a safe and effective means to avoid or defer transition to dialysis therapy without causing protein‐energy wasting or cachexia. We aimed to systematically review and meta‐analyse the controlled clinical trials with adequate participants in each trial, providing rigorous contemporary evidence of the impact of a low‐protein diet in the management of uraemia and its complications in patients with CKD.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE (PubMed) and other sources for controlled trials on CKD to compare clinical management of CKD patients under various levels of dietary protein intake or to compare restricted protein intake with other interventions. Studies with similar patients, interventions, and outcomes were included in the meta‐analyses.ResultsWe identified 16 controlled trials of low‐protein diet in CKD that met the stringent qualification criteria including having 30 or more participants. Compared with diets with protein intake of >0.8 g/kg/day, diets with restricted protein intake (<0.8 g/kg/day) were associated with higher serum bicarbonate levels, lower phosphorus levels, lower azotemia, lower rates of progression to end‐stage renal disease, and a trend towards lower rates of all‐cause death. In addition, very‐low‐protein diets (protein intake <0.4 g/kg/day) were associated with greater preservation of kidney function and reduction in the rate of progression to end‐stage renal disease. Safety and adherence to a low‐protein diet was not inferior to a normal protein diet, and there was no difference in the rate of malnutrition or protein‐energy wasting.ConclusionsIn this pooled analysis of moderate‐size controlled trials, a low‐protein diet appears to enhance the conservative management of non‐dialysis‐dependent CKD and may be considered as a potential option for CKD patients who wish to avoid or defer dialysis initiation and to slow down the progression of CKD, while the risk of protein‐energy wasting and cachexia remains minimal.
Intra‐annual rainfall variability in the Spanish hydrographic basins
Authors: García‐Barrón L. , Aguilar‐Alba M. , Morales J. , Sousa A. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the intra‐annual distribution of rainfall is an important element for climatic classification and serves as a basis for natural resources management. The present study analyses multi‐annual irregularities of the rainfall distribution throughout the year in the period 1941–2010, in the hydrographic basins of the Iberian Peninsula. In order to analyse its variation, the rainfall centralisation and dispersion parameters throughout the annual cycle were previously defined and calculated for each year. Inter‐annual series of both parameters were generated, which allowed detecting their temporal behaviour in each of the basins and relating differentiated geographic areas. Independent of the total annual rainfall, greater temporal simultaneity is observed in the fluctuations of the intra‐annual parameter ‘centralisation’ in the Atlantic basins and wider inter‐annual oscillations in the Mediterranean basins. Around the year 1970, there was a displacement in the predominance of autumn rains, although the process is inverted in the last decades. Also from the decade of 1970 there is a general increase in the inter‐annual variability of the ‘dispersion’ parameter, especially in the basins that drain towards the Atlantic Ocean. The ‘dispersion’ parameter allows detecting latitudinal (Cantabrian vs. Guadalquivir) and longitudinal (Atlantic vs. Mediterranean) patterns of intra‐annual rainfall distribution irregularity in the Iberian Peninsula. The results obtained are also associated to atmospheric general circulation patterns of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Western Mediterranean Oscillation. The monthly winter values of the North Atlantic Oscillation present a marked influence on dispersion, especially in the basins that discharge into the Atlantic Ocean, which show a double gradient: decreasing longitudinally from the Atlantic coast to the Mediterranean coast and latitudinally from north to south.
­­­Mechanosensitivity of aged muscle stem cells
Authors: Boers Heleen E. , Haroon Mohammad , Le Grand Fabien , Bakker Astrid D. , Klein‐Nulend Jenneke , Jaspers Richard T. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTDuring aging, skeletal muscle tissue progressively declines in mass, strength, and regenerative capacity. Decreased muscle stem cell (MuSC) number and impaired function might underlie the aging‐related muscle wasting and impaired regenerative capacity. As yet, the search for factors that regulate MuSC fate and function has revealed several biochemical factors within the MuSC niche that may be responsible for the decline in MuSC regenerative capacity. This decline cannot be explained by environmental factors solely, as the MuSC potential to regenerate muscle tissue is not reversed by changing the biochemical MuSC niche composition. Here we discuss the likeliness that during physical exercise, MuSCs within their niche are subjected to mechanical loads, in particular pressure and shear stress, as well as associated deformations. We postulate that these physical cues are involved in the activation and differentiation of MuSCs as these cells contain several transmembrane sensor proteins that have been shown to be mechanosensitive in other cell types, that is, endothelial cells and osteoprogenitors. We will specifically address age‐related changes in mechanosensing in MuSCs and their niche. Insight in the physical cues applied to the MuSCs in vivo, and how these cues affect MuSC fate and function, helps to develop new therapeutic interventions to counterbalance age‐related muscle loss. This requires an approach combining two‐ and three‐dimensional live cell imaging of MuSCs within contracting muscle tissue, mathematical finite element modeling, and cell biology. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 36:632–641, 2018.
Regioisomeric distribution of 9‐ and 13‐hydroperoxy linoleic acid in vegetable oils during storage and heating
Authors: Pignitter Marc , Zaunschirm Mathias , Lach Judith , Unterberger Laura , Kopic Antonio , Keßler Claudia , Kienesberger Julia , Pischetsrieder Monika , Eggersdorfer Manfred , Riegger Christoph , Somoza Veronika 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe oxidative deterioration of vegetable oils is commonly measured by the peroxide value, thereby not considering the contribution of individual lipid hydroperoxide isomers, which might have different bioactive effects. Thus, the formation of 9‐ and 13‐hydroperoxy octadecadienoic acid (9‐HpODE and 13‐ HpODE), was quantified after short‐term heating and conditions representative of long‐term domestic storage in samples of linoleic acid, canola, sunflower and soybean oil, by means of stable isotope dilution analysis–liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy.RESULTSAlthough heating of pure linoleic acid at 180 °C for 30 min led to an almost complete loss of 9‐HpODE and 13‐HpODE, heating of canola, sunflower and soybean oil resulted in the formation of 5.74 ± 3.32, 2.00 ± 1.09, 16.0 ± 2.44 mmol L–1 13‐HpODE and 13.8 ± 8.21, 10.0 ± 6.74 and 45.2 ± 6.23 mmol L–1 9‐HpODE. An almost equimolar distribution of the 9‐ and 13‐HpODE was obtained during household‐representative storage conditions after 56 days, whereas, under heating conditions, an approximately 2.4‐, 2.8‐ and 5.0‐fold (P ≤ 0.001) higher concentration of 9‐HpODE than 13‐HpODE was detected in canola, soybean and sunflower oil, respectively.CONCLUSIONA temperature‐dependent distribution of HpODE regioisomers could be shown in vegetable oils, suggesting their application as markers of lipid oxidation in oils used for short‐term heating. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Thirty‐five years of single surgeon experience in the reconstruction of esophagus and voice with free ileocolon flap following total pharyngolaryngectomy
Authors: Chen Hung‐Chi , Ciudad Pedro , Chen Shih‐Heng , Agko Mouchammed 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundSeveral surgical options exist for the reconstruction of total pharyngolaryngectomy defect. The purpose of this report is to present our experience with ileocolon flap for simultaneous reconstruction of both esophagus and voice.MethodsDemographic data, clinical information, and outcomes of 205 patients who underwent the ileocolon flap procedure over the last 35 years were examined. Preoperative evaluation, intraoperative details, and postoperative management were analyzed. The types of additional procedures performed to improve outcomes were explored.ResultsOf the 205 patients, 191 had a free ileocolon flap and the remaining 14 a pedicled flap. Ninety‐seven percent of the flaps were successful with a fistula rate of 5.4%. Seven patients required reexploration and six flaps failed. Seventy‐eight percent of the patients reported their swallowing function to be very good to excellent. Speech function was rated as good in 64% of patients and moderate in 21%. Three patients develop bowel obstruction, two of which required enterolysis. Five patients had postoperative diarrhea that responded to conservative measures.ConclusionReconstruction of pharyngoesophageal defects with ileocolon flap permits resumption of swallowing and production of speech without the need for voice prosthesis and with minimal complications.