bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRE: a cost effective and rapid approach for PCR-mediated concatenation of KRAS and EGFR exons
Authors: Ramteke Manoj P. , Patel Kuldeep J , Godbole Mukul , Vyas Maulik , Karve Kunal , Choughule Anuradha , Prabhash Kumar , Dutt Amit 
Published: March 2016

Molecular diagnostics has changed the way lung cancer patients are treated worldwide. Of several different testing methods available, PCR followed by directed sequencing and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) are the two most commonly used diagnostic methods worldwide to detect mutations at KRAS exon 2 and EGFR kinase domain exons 18-21 in lung cancer. Compared to ARMS, the PCR followed by directed sequencing approach is relatively inexpensive but more cumbersome to perform. Moreover, with a limiting amount of genomic DNA from clinical formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens or fine biopsies of lung tumors, multiple rounds of PCR and sequencing reactions often get challenging. Here, we report a cost-effective single multiplex-PCR based method, CRE (for Co-amplification of five KRAS and EGFR exons), followed by concatenation of the PCR product as a single linear fragment for direct sequencing. CRE is a robust protocol that can be adapted for routine use in clinical diagnostics with reduced variability, cost and turnaround time requiring a minimal amount of template DNA extracted from FFPE or fresh frozen tumor samples. As a proof of principle, CRE is able to detect the activating EGFR L858R and T790M EGFR mutations in lung cancer cell line and primary tumors.
A pilot trial to examine the association between circulating endothelial cell levels and vascular injury in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Shirazian Shayan , Grant Candace , Rambhujun Vikash , Sharma Ritika , Patel Ronak , Islam Shahidul , Mattana Joseph 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveWhile albuminuria is a marker for progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), both albuminuric and normoalbuminuric patients appear prone to vascular injury. This pilot study examines the association between circulating endothelial cell (CEC) levels and vascular injury in patients with T2DM and CKD.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, eligible adult patients had T2DM, and stage 3 CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate between 30 and 60 mL/min/1.73m2). CEC levels were tested by Janssen Diagnostics, LLC using an immuno-magnetic bead-based assay. CEC levels were compared to levels in a previously tested normal population. Correlations between CEC levels and other vascular injury markers (urine albumin, von-Willebrand factor antigen, hs-CRP, uric acid) were performed.ResultsPatients included 40 adults of which nineteen were normoalbuminuric. Mean CEC levels (38.7, SD 38.1 cells) were significantly higher than the normal population (M = 21±18 cells, p<0.001; N = 249), including in the normoalbuminuric subgroup (M = 42.9±42.5 cells, p<0.001). CEC levels were significantly correlated with uric acid levels (r=0.33, p=0.039).ConclusionsCEC levels in patients with T2DM and CKD, both albuminuric and normoalbuminuric, are significantly higher than a normal population, suggesting the presence of vascular injury in both groups. Future studies are needed to evaluate the role of CECs as a biomarker to predict outcomes in normoalbuminuric patients with CKD.
Case Report: A giant but silent adrenal pheochromocytoma – a rare entity
Authors: Munakomi Sunil , Rajbanshi Saroj , Adhikary Prof Shailesh 
Published: March 2016

Herein we report a rare entity of a giant adrenal pheochromocytoma in a fifty-year-old male presenting with a vague abdominal pain. A computerised tomogram of the abdomen revealed a well-defined left supraadrenal giant lesion with no evidence of invasion to surrounding structures.The patient underwent surgical excision without any untoward postoperative events. Histopathological study revealed a benign pheochromocytoma. This report highlights the importance of acknowledging the fact that sometimes a giant adrenal pheochromocytoma can present with paucity of clinical signs and symptoms.Thorough investigations and a multidisciplinary team approach may lead to a better outcome in these patients.
Epidermal skin grafting in patients with complex wounds: a case series
Authors: Bhatia A. 
Published: March 2016

Objective:Complex wounds are often difficult to close and sometimes require a split-thickness skin graft (STSG). However, epidermal skin grafts, which contain only an epidermal layer of skin, are a viable option for wound coverage in these challenging wounds. We report our experience using an automated epidermal harvesting tool to harvest epidermal skin grafts for the treatment of complex wounds.Method:Epidermal skin grafts were harvested from the patient's thigh, which was first washed with isopropyl alcohol. After harvesting, they were transferred to the recipient site using a film dressing. A bolster dressing using gauze and a self-adherent wrap held the grafts in place.Results:We selected 34 patients with wounds that had been present from several weeks to over a year. Prior treatments, included skin substitutes, alginate dressings, Unna Boot, and collagen dressings. There were 17 female and 17 male patients with a mean age of 67.1 years (range: 37–103). Wound types were: traumatic wounds, diabetic foot ulcers, venous stasis ulcers, pressure ulcers, and surgical wounds. Patient comorbidities included hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and osteoarthritis. Mean epithelialisation rate at the recipient site was 7.0 weeks (range: 1–35 weeks). Wound complications included drainage, hypergranulation, and oedema. At follow-up 82.4% (28/34) of wounds were healed, 2.9% (1/34) wounds showed improved healing, 11.8% (4/34) of wounds did not heal, and 2.9% (1/34) were lost to follow-up. All donor sites healed without complications.Conclusion:In our cohort, use of epidermal skin grafts in conjunction with bolster dressings resulted in full closure or wound improvement of a majority of patients. Epidermal grafting provides another treatment option to physicians when only the epidermal layer is needed.Declaration of interest:Dr. Bhatia is a consultant for KCI, an Acelity company.
Effect of a wound cleansing solution on wound bed preparation and inflammation in chronic wounds: a single-blind RCT
Authors: Bellingeri A. , Falciani F. , Traspedini P. , Moscatelli A. , Russo A. , Tino G. , Chiari P. , Peghetti A. 
Published: March 2016

Objective: Research into surfactant solutions for the debridement of chronic wounds suggests that surfactants may support wound bed preparation (WBP) in chronic wounds, however their efficacy has not been evaluated in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Our aim was to assess the clinical efficacy of a propylbetaine-polihexanide (PP) solution versus normal saline (NS) solution in WBP, assessing inflammatory signs and wound size reduction in patients with pressure ulcers (PUs) or vascular leg ulcers. Method: In a single-blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT) patients were randomly allocated to two groups and treated with either propylbetaine-polihexanide (PP) solution (Prontosan) or NS. Wounds were assessed using the Bates-Jensen wound assessment tool (BWAT). Assessments took place at inclusion (T0), day 7 (T1), day 14 (T2), day 21 (T3), and day 28 (T4). Outcomes were analysed using a two-tailed Student's t-test. Results: A total of 289 patients were included. Both groups had similar demographics, clinical status, and wound characteristics. Data analysis showed statistically significant differences between T0 and T4 for the following outcomes: BWAT total score, p=0.0248; BWAT score for inflammatory items, p=0.03; BWAT scores for wound size reduction (p=0.049) and granulation tissue improvement (p=0.043), all in favour of PP. The assessment of pain did not show any significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The study results showed significantly higher efficacy of the PP solution versus NS solution, in reducing inflammatory signs and accelerating the healing of vascular leg ulcers and PUs. This evidence supports the update of protocols for the care of chronic wounds. Declaration of interest: The authors have no conflict of interest regarding this research. This is an investigator initiated trial. B. Braun Milano SpA kindly provided the material under investigation for both treatment groups, and paid the Ethics Committees' application fees in all participating centres.
El espacio sonoro en el Arte contemporáneo: la Materia del tiempo de Richard Serra
Authors: Arce Sagarduy Mikel 
Published: March 2016

El espacio guarda estrecha relación con el sonido y por esta razón muchos artistas que han pensado en sus construcciones o instalaciones escultóricas como lugares habitables o con capacidad de ser recorridos, han valorado las propiedades acústicas de dichos espacios y su capacidad de sugerir sensaciones sonoras o acústicas, informar de las calidades y texturas del material, de lo cóncavo o Io convexo y del tamaño del espacio contenedor.En el caso deLa Materia del Tiempo(2005) de Richard Serra, instalada de manera casi permanente en el museo Guggenheim de Bilbao, encontramos un conjunto escultórico en el que Richard Serra propone al espectador un «encuentro con la materia y con el espacio». En esta experiencia ejecutada mediante el recorrido y la habitación de esos espacios (espirales, toros[1], etc.), en los cuales nuestra percepción sonora varía constantemente, nos muestra incluso a ciegas, las propiedades del espacio y de la materia de cada forma escultórica.
Extremal effective divisors of Brill–Noether and Gieseker–Petri type in
Authors: Chen Dawei , Patel Anand 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We show that certain divisors of Brill-Noether and Gieseker-Petri type span extremal rays of the effective cone in the moduli space of stable genus one curves with n ordered marked points. In particular, they are different from the infinitely many extremal rays found in [3].
Improving the Assessment of the Environmental Indicators of Investment Projects Based on the Public-Private Partnership
Authors: Malakhova Tatiana N. , Kolotyrin Konstantin P. , Yakunin Vladimir A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Implementation of environmentally significant activities is often associated with the need to attract significant investment from different sources, both public and private. However, investors should be interested in the profitability of their investments and receiving definite guarantees. To this end, the article describes the method of estimating the cost-effectiveness of the investment attractiveness of the procedure, which is used today in domestic practice (Russia). Then it has been found how to change this procedure to allow estimating the high risk and uncertainty of projects. In particular, the authors suggest using an objective function, which they have developed for the evaluation of investment projects. The main goal of the objective function is not only to improve the production, but also to improve the ecological situation in the region.
The Economic Valuation of Carbon Footprint
Authors: Nekrasenko Larysa An. , Prokopenko Olha V. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Currently, Greenhouse Gas Emissions are the main reason of the global warming threat. Carbon sequestration by the forests plays the important role in reducing CO2 emissions. Therefore, the environmental policy of the state to reduce greenhouse gases should first of all focus on the development of forestry. But at the same time the environmental policy depends on the tax policy of the state and is significantly different in developed countries and in countries with transition economies.
Kei hea te Ora? The whereabouts of the health of children in the early childhood curriculum of Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Gibbons Andrew 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The policies and practices of early childhood teaching in Aotearoa New Zealand have been an ongoing site of political, economic, social and cultural contestation. Competing values and beliefs regarding experiences of both the child and the teacher have been central to the contesting. Helen May (2001, 2009) tracks these tensions through the waxing and waning of particular landscapes or paradigms, each of which can be seen to have contributed to the growth of the early childhood sector, its purpose, operations, manifestations, and its arguably tenuous cohesion as an educational sector. This paper provides a brief overview of the various paradigms, their purposes, and their spheres of influence (recognising that other papers in this special issue will contribute to a very detailed picture of early childhood education in Aotearoa) before analysing the discourses of child health in relation to the early childhood curriculum. Health is woven into the strands and principles of Te Whāriki (Ministry of Education [MoE], 1996). Yet, this paper questions whether teachers and student teachers are attuned to what it means to have health as a key part of the curriculum, and explores whether health is a marginal consideration in the curriculum. The paper engages Foucault’s work, exploring tensions between pedagogical and medical disciplines in relation to the professionalisation of early childhood teaching. The idea of holism is then discussed as an approach to early childhood education curriculum discussions with reference to the participatory approaches to the development of Te Whāriki.
Functional assessment of children with cerebral palsy –current reports
Authors: Strączyńska Agnieszka , Radzimińska Agnieszka , Weber-Rajek Magdalena , Strojek Katarzyna , Goch Aleksander 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Many new definitions, classifications and ways of treating cerebral palsy (CP) have been identified within the last few years. Numerous tools determining the functional condition of children suffering from CP were developed, however, the ones which were approachable, were modified accordingly. Currently applied classifications take into account participation in a social life, activity ,as well as secondary alterations. The majority of results obtained from worldwide clinical research conducted in a group of children with CP are based on popular tests. The main aim of this paper is to show and analyse the crucial scales used for the functional assessment of children with the CP by taking into consideration the age and activity of patients and reliability of classifications.
Proteomics of Sphingobium indicum B90A for a deeper understanding of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) bioremediation
Authors: Nandavaram Aparna , Sagar Annapoorni Lakshman , Madikonda Ashok Kumar , Siddavattam Dayananda 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Genome wide expression profiling of Sphingobium indicum B90A revealed induction of lin genes, linA and linB, involved in dechlorination of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), in the presence of all four isomers of HCH. Supporting proteomics data, the qPCR and promoter assay showed upregulation of linA transcription in the presence of HCH isomers. Analysis of the upstream region of the linA gene revealed the existence of the GntR binding site overlapping the -10 hexamer of the putative promoter motif. As GntR is a known transcription repressor its dissociation from the linA promoter is expected to induce lin genes in the presence of HCH isomers. Comparison of in situ and in-culture proteomics indicated expression lin genes at the dumpsite, an indication for the in situ HCH degradation.
Applications of biocomposite materials based on natural fibers from renewable resources: a review
Authors: Bharath Kurki Nagaraj , Basavarajappa Satyappa 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBiocomposites (natural fiber composites) from local and renewable resources offer significant sustainability; industrial ecology, eco-efficiency, and green chemistry are guiding the development of the next generation of materials, products, and processes. Considerable growth has been seen in the use of biocomposites in the domestic sector, building materials, aerospace industry, circuit boards, and automotive applications over the past decade, but application in other sectors until now has been limited. Nevertheless, with suitable development, the potential exists for biocomposites to enter new markets and thus stimulate an increase in demand. Many types of natural fibers have been investigated with polymer matrices to produce composite materials that are competitive with synthetic fiber composites which require special attention. The agricultural wastes can be used to prepare fiber-reinforced polymer composites for commercial use and have marketing appeal. The growing global environmental and social concern, high percentage of exhaustion of petroleum resources, and new environmental regulations have forced the search for new composites, compatible with the environment. Many references to the current status of research work on the applications of biocomposites are cited in this review.
La traduction et le fascisme : quelques réflexions à partir des théories de Croce et Gentile
Authors: Agostini-Ouafi Viviana 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper focuses on the vitality of the translation market in fascist Italy, despite the censorship affecting primarily Gramsci as a translator and theorist of translation, and, starting from the 1920 polemic between the idealist philosophers Croce and Gentile, it studies the theories emerging between the two world wars. The anti-fascist Croce denies the possibility of translating in the name of an aristocratic and romantic idea of art, and thus pushes critics in his camp, such as Debenedetti, to resort to different paths. Although Gentile claims to embody the fascist intellectual, his view on art is in contradiction with his view on power: subjective deconstruction and state authoritarianism, interpretive freedom and ideological violence coexist to the point where his reflections on translation get absurdly close to Benjamin’s.
A novel potentiometric sensor based on urease/ bovine serum albumin-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Pt for urea detection
Authors: Hsu Chien-Hsing , Hsu Ya-Wei , Weng Yu-Ching 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe have presented a potentiometric urea sensor using an urease/bovine serum albumin (BSA)-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)/Pt electrode. A urea detection sensitivity of 15.2 mV/decade (order of magnitude) has been achieved. BSA trapped in the PEDOT matrix was employed to bond urease molecules on the surface of a BSA-PEDOT/Pt electrode via amide bonds formed between the carboxyl functional groups on the enzyme and the amines on the BSA. The effects of PEDOT thickness, pH value of the urea solution, urease concentration, and temperature on the urea detection sensitivity were also studied. The lifetime of the sensor was studied for a period of 10 weeks, and the average sensing degradation rate was about 9 % per week. This sensor displayed a high selectivity to urea over glucose, KCl, and NaCl.
A Genetic Map for the Only Self-Fertilizing Vertebrate
Authors: Kanamori Akira , Sugita Yosuke , Yuasa Yasufumi , Suzuki Takamasa , Kawamura Kouichi , Uno Yoshinobu , Kamimura Katsuyasu , Matsuda Yoichi , Wilson Catherine A , Amores Angel , Postlethwait John H , Suga Koushirou , Sakakura Yoshitaka 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus, and its close relative Kryptolebias hermaphroditus, are the only vertebrate species known to reproduce by self-fertilization due to functional ovotestis development. To improve our understanding of their genomes, we constructed a genetic map. First, a single F1 fish was made by artificial fertilization between K. marmoratus and K. hermaphroditus strains. F2 progeny were then obtained by self-fertilization of the F1 fish. We used RAD-seq to query genomic DNAs from the two parental strains, the F1 individual and 49 F2 progeny. Results identified 9904 polymorphic RAD-tags (DNA markers) that mapped to 24 linkage groups, corresponding to the haploid chromosome number of these species. The total length of the map was 1248 cM, indicating that about one recombination occurred for each of the 24 homologous chromosome pairs in each meiosis. Markers were not evenly distributed along the chromosomes: in all chromosomes, many markers (&gt; 8% of the total markers for each chromosome) mapped to chromosome tips. Centromeres suppress recombination, and this uneven distribution is probably due to the species’ acrocentric chromosomes. Mapped marker sequences were compared to genomic sequences of medaka and platyfish, the next most closely related species with sequenced genomes that are anchored to genetic maps. Results showed that each mangrove killifish chromosome corresponds to a single chromosome of both platyfish and medaka, suggesting strong conservation of chromosomes over 100 million years of evolution. Our genetic map provides a framework for the K. marmoratus/K. hermaphroditus genome sequence and an important resource for understanding the biology of hermaphroditism.
Comparative and Transcriptome Analyses Uncover Key Aspects of Coding- and Long Noncoding RNAs in Flatworm Mitochondrial Genomes
Authors: Ross Eric , Blair David , Guerrero-Hernández Carlos , Alvarado Alejandro Sánchez 
Published: March 2016

AbstractExploiting the conservation of various features of mitochondrial genomes has been instrumental in resolving phylogenetic relationships. Despite extensive sequence evidence, it has not previously been possible to conclusively resolve some key aspects of flatworm mitochondrial genomes, including generally conserved traits, such as start codons, noncoding regions, the full complement of tRNAs, and whether ATP8 is, or is not, encoded by this extranuclear genome. In an effort to address these difficulties, we sought to determine the mitochondrial transcriptomes and genomes of sexual and asexual taxa of freshwater triclads, a group previously poorly represented in flatworm mitogenomic studies. We have discovered evidence for an alternative start codon, an extended cox1 gene, a previously undescribed conserved open reading frame, long noncoding RNAs, and a highly conserved gene order across the large evolutionary distances represented within the triclads. Our findings contribute to the expansion and refinement of mitogenomics to address evolutionary issues in this diverse group of animals.