bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-photon three-qubit quantum logic using spatial light modulators
Authors: Kagalwala Kumel H. , Di Giuseppe Giovanni , Abouraddy Ayman F. , Saleh Bahaa E. A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe information-carrying capacity of a single photon can be vastly expanded by exploiting its multiple degrees of freedom: spatial, temporal, and polarization. Although multiple qubits can be encoded per photon, to date only two-qubit single-photon quantum operations have been realized. Here, we report an experimental demonstration of three-qubit single-photon, linear, deterministic quantum gates that exploit photon polarization and the two-dimensional spatial-parity-symmetry of the transverse single-photon field. These gates are implemented using a polarization-sensitive spatial light modulator that provides a robust, non-interferometric, versatile platform for implementing controlled unitary gates. Polarization here represents the control qubit for either separable or entangling unitary operations on the two spatial-parity target qubits. Such gates help generate maximally entangled three-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger and W states, which is confirmed by tomographical reconstruction of single-photon density matrices. This strategy provides access to a wide range of three-qubit states and operations for use in few-qubit quantum information processing protocols.
Foxp3+ Tregs are recruited to the retina to repair pathological angiogenesis
Authors: Deliyanti Devy , Talia Dean M. , Zhu Tong , Maxwell Mhairi J. , Agrotis Alex , Jerome Jack R. , Hargreaves Emily M. , Gerondakis Steven , Hibbs Margaret L. , Mackay Fabienne , Wilkinson-Berka Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNeovascular retinopathies are major causes of vision loss; yet treatments to prevent the condition are inadequate. The role of regulatory T cells in neovascular retinopathy is unknown. Here we show that in retinopathy regulatory T cells are transiently increased in lymphoid organs and the retina, but decline when neovascularization is established. The decline is prevented following regulatory T cells expansion with an IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb complex or the adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells. Further, both approaches reduce vasculopathy (vaso-obliteration, neovascularization, vascular leakage) and alter the activation of Tmem119+retinal microglia. Our in vitro studies complement these findings, showing that retinal microglia co-cultured with regulatory T cells exhibit a reduction in co-stimulatory molecules and pro-inflammatory mediators that is attenuated by CTLA-4 blockade. Collectively, we demonstrate that regulatory T cells are recruited to the retina and, when expanded in number, repair the vasculature. Manipulation of regulatory T cell numbers is a previously unrecognized, and promising avenue for therapies to prevent blinding neovascular retinopathies.
Ellipticity dependence of high-harmonic generation in solids originating from coupled intraband and interband dynamics
Authors: Tancogne-Dejean Nicolas , Mücke Oliver D. , Kärtner Franz X. , Rubio Angel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe strong ellipticity dependence of high-harmonic generation (HHG) in gases enables numerous experimental techniques that are nowadays routinely used, for instance, to create isolated attosecond pulses. Extending such techniques to solids requires a fundamental understanding of the microscopic mechanism of HHG. Here we use first-principles simulations within a time-dependent density-functional framework and show how intraband and interband mechanisms are strongly and differently affected by the ellipticity of the driving laser field. The complex interplay between intraband and interband effects can be used to tune and improve harmonic emission in solids. In particular, we show that the high-harmonic plateau can be extended by as much as 30% using a finite ellipticity of the driving field. We furthermore demonstrate the possibility to generate, from single circularly polarized drivers, circularly polarized harmonics. Our work shows that ellipticity provides an additional knob to experimentally optimize HHG in solids.
Selective enhancement of optical nonlinearity in two-dimensional organic-inorganic lead iodide perovskites
Authors: Saouma F. O. , Stoumpos C. C. , Wong J. , Kanatzidis M. G. , Jang J. I. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractReducing the dimensionality of three-dimensional hybrid metal halide perovskites can improve their optoelectronic properties. Here, we show that the third-order optical nonlinearity, n2, of hybrid lead iodide perovskites is enhanced in the two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper series, (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)
n-1Pb
n
I3n+1 (n = 1–4), where the layer number (n) is engineered for bandgap tuning from Eg = 1.60 eV (n = ∞; bulk) to 2.40 eV (n = 1). Despite the unfavorable relation, $${n_2} \propto E_{\rm{g}}^{ - 4}$$

n

2

∝

E

g

-
4

, strong quantum confinement causes these two-dimensional perovskites to exhibit four times stronger third harmonic generation at mid-infrared when compared with the three-dimensional counterpart, (CH3NH3)PbI3. Surprisingly, however, the impact of dimensional reduction on two-photon absorption, which is the Kramers-Kronig conjugate of n2, is rather insignificant as demonstrated by broadband two-photon spectroscopy. The concomitant increase of bandgap and optical nonlinearity is truly remarkable in these novel perovskites, where the former increases the laser-induced damage threshold for high-power nonlinear optical applications.
Flexible three-dimensional artificial synapse networks with correlated learning and trainable memory capability
Authors: Wu Chaoxing , Kim Tae Whan , Choi Hwan Young , Strukov Dmitri B. , Yang J. Joshua 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIf a three-dimensional physical electronic system emulating synapse networks could be built, that would be a significant step toward neuromorphic computing. However, the fabrication complexity of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor architectures impedes the achievement of three-dimensional interconnectivity, high-device density, or flexibility. Here we report flexible three-dimensional artificial chemical synapse networks, in which two-terminal memristive devices, namely, electronic synapses (e-synapses), are connected by vertically stacking crossbar electrodes. The e-synapses resemble the key features of biological synapses: unilateral connection, long-term potentiation/depression, a spike-timing-dependent plasticity learning rule, paired-pulse facilitation, and ultralow-power consumption. The three-dimensional artificial synapse networks enable a direct emulation of correlated learning and trainable memory capability with strong tolerances to input faults and variations, which shows the feasibility of using them in futuristic electronic devices and can provide a physical platform for the realization of smart memories and machine learning and for operation of the complex algorithms involving hierarchical neural networks.
Mass extinctions drove increased global faunal cosmopolitanism on the supercontinent Pangaea
Authors: Button David J. , Lloyd Graeme T. , Ezcurra Martín D. , Butler Richard J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMass extinctions have profoundly impacted the evolution of life through not only reducing taxonomic diversity but also reshaping ecosystems and biogeographic patterns. In particular, they are considered to have driven increased biogeographic cosmopolitanism, but quantitative tests of this hypothesis are rare and have not explicitly incorporated information on evolutionary relationships. Here we quantify faunal cosmopolitanism using a phylogenetic network approach for 891 terrestrial vertebrate species spanning the late Permian through Early Jurassic. This key interval witnessed the Permian–Triassic and Triassic–Jurassic mass extinctions, the onset of fragmentation of the supercontinent Pangaea, and the origins of dinosaurs and many modern vertebrate groups. Our results recover significant increases in global faunal cosmopolitanism following both mass extinctions, driven mainly by new, widespread taxa, leading to homogenous ‘disaster faunas’. Cosmopolitanism subsequently declines in post-recovery communities. These shared patterns in both biotic crises suggest that mass extinctions have predictable influences on animal distribution and may shed light on biodiversity loss in extant ecosystems.
NFAT2 is a critical regulator of the anergic phenotype in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Märklin Melanie , Heitmann Jonas S. , Fuchs Alexander R. , Truckenmüller Felicia M. , Gutknecht Michael , Bugl Stefanie , Saur Sebastian J. , Lazarus Juliane , Kohlhofer Ursula , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Salih Helmut R. , Kopp Hans-Georg , Haap Michael , Kirschniak Andreas , Kanz Lothar , Rao Anjana , Wirths Stefan , Müller Martin R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a clonal disorder of mature B cells. Most patients are characterised by an indolent disease course and an anergic phenotype of their leukaemia cells, which refers to a state of unresponsiveness to B cell receptor stimulation. Up to 10% of CLL patients transform from an indolent subtype to an aggressive form of B cell lymphoma over time (Richter´s syndrome) and show a significantly worse treatment outcome. Here we show that B cell-specific ablation ofNfat2leads to the loss of the anergic phenotype culminating in a significantly compromised life expectancy and transformation to aggressive disease. We further define a gene expression signature of anergic CLL cells consisting of several NFAT2-dependent genes includingCbl-b,Grail,Egr2andLck. In summary, this study identifies NFAT2 as a crucial regulator of the anergic phenotype in CLL.
Small molecule inhibition of cGAS reduces interferon expression in primary macrophages from autoimmune mice
Authors: Vincent Jessica , Adura Carolina , Gao Pu , Luz Antonio , Lama Lodoe , Asano Yasutomi , Okamoto Rei , Imaeda Toshihiro , Aida Jumpei , Rothamel Katherine , Gogakos Tasos , Steinberg Joshua , Reasoner Seth , Aso Kazuyoshi , Tuschl Thomas , Patel Dinshaw J. , Glickman J. Fraser , Ascano Manuel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCyclic GMP-AMP synthase is essential for innate immunity against infection and cellular damage, serving as a sensor of DNA from pathogens or mislocalized self-DNA. Upon binding double-stranded DNA, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase synthesizes a cyclic dinucleotide that initiates an inflammatory cellular response. Mouse studies that recapitulate causative mutations in the autoimmune disease Aicardi-Goutières syndrome demonstrate that ablating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase gene abolishes the deleterious phenotype. Here, we report the discovery of a class of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase inhibitors identified by a high-throughput screen. These compounds possess defined structure-activity relationships and we present crystal structures of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, double-stranded DNA, and inhibitors within the enzymatic active site. We find that a chemically improved member, RU.521, is active and selective in cellular assays of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-mediated signaling and reduces constitutive expression of interferon in macrophages from a mouse model of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. RU.521 will be useful toward understanding the biological roles of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase and can serve as a molecular scaffold for development of future autoimmune therapies.
Trade-driven relocation of air pollution and health impacts in China
Authors: Wang Haikun , Zhang Yanxu , Zhao Hongyan , Lu Xi , Zhang Yanxia , Zhu Weimo , Nielsen Chris P. , Li Xin , Zhang Qiang , Bi Jun , McElroy Michael B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecent studies show that international trade affects global distributions of air pollution and public health. Domestic interprovincial trade has similar effects within countries, but has not been comprehensively investigated previously. Here we link four models to evaluate the effects of both international exports and interprovincial trade on PM2.5 pollution and public health across China. We show that 50–60% of China’s air pollutant emissions in 2007 were associated with goods and services consumed outside of the provinces where they were produced. Of an estimated 1.10 million premature deaths caused by PM2.5 pollution throughout China, nearly 19% (208,500 deaths) are attributable to international exports. In contrast, interprovincial trade leads to improved air quality in developed coastal provinces with a net effect of 78,500 avoided deaths nationwide. However, both international export and interprovincial trade exacerbate the health burdens of air pollution in China’s less developed interior provinces. Our results reveal trade to be a critical but largely overlooked consideration in effective regional air quality planning for China.
Mutant p53 shapes the enhancer landscape of cancer cells in response to chronic immune signaling
Authors: Rahnamoun Homa , Lu Hanbin , Duttke Sascha H. , Benner Christopher , Glass Christopher K. , Lauberth Shannon M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInflammation influences cancer development, progression, and the efficacy of cancer treatments, yet the mechanisms by which immune signaling drives alterations in the cancer cell transcriptome remain unclear. Using ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and GRO-seq, here we demonstrate a global overlap in the binding of tumor-promoting p53 mutants and the master proinflammatory regulator NFκB that drives alterations in enhancer and gene activation in response to chronic TNF-α signaling. We show that p53 mutants interact directly with NFκB and that both factors impact the other’s binding at diverse sets of active enhancers. In turn, the simultaneous and cooperative binding of these factors is required to regulate RNAPII recruitment, the synthesis of enhancer RNAs, and the activation of tumor-promoting genes. Collectively, these findings establish a mechanism by which chronic TNF-α signaling orchestrates a functional interplay between mutant p53 and NFκB that underlies altered patterns of cancer-promoting gene expression.
Somatic growth, aging, and longevity
Authors: Bartke Andrzej 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlthough larger species of animals typically live longer than smaller species, the relationship of body size to longevity within a species is generally opposite. The longevity advantage of smaller individuals can be considerable and is best documented in laboratory mice and in domestic dogs. Importantly, it appears to apply broadly, including humans. It is not known whether theses associations represent causal links between various developmental and physiological mechanisms affecting growth and/or aging. However, variations in growth hormone (GH) signaling are likely involved because GH is a key stimulator of somatic growth, and apparently also exerts various “pro-aging” effects. Mechanisms linking GH, somatic growth, adult body size, aging, and lifespan likely involve target of rapamycin (TOR), particularly one of its signaling complexes, mTORC1, as well as various adjustments in mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, thermogenesis, inflammation, and insulin signaling. Somatic growth, aging, and longevity are also influenced by a variety of hormonal and nutritional signals, and much work will be needed to answer the question of why smaller individuals may be likely to live longer.
Flexible and biocompatible high-performance solid-state micro-battery for implantable orthodontic system
Authors: Kutbee Arwa T. , Bahabry Rabab R. , Alamoudi Kholod O. , Ghoneim Mohamed T. , Cordero Marlon D. , Almuslem Amani S. , Gumus Abdurrahman , Diallo Elhadj M. , Nassar Joanna M. , Hussain Aftab M. , Khashab Niveen M. , Hussain Muhammad M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo augment the quality of our life, fully compliant personalized advanced health-care electronic system is pivotal. One of the major requirements to implement such systems is a physically flexible high-performance biocompatible energy storage (battery). However, the status-quo options do not match all of these attributes simultaneously and we also lack in an effective integration strategy to integrate them in complex architecture such as orthodontic domain in human body. Here we show, a physically complaint lithium-ion micro-battery (236 μg) with an unprecedented volumetric energy (the ratio of energy to device geometrical size) of 200 mWh/cm3 after 120 cycles of continuous operation. Our results of 90% viability test confirmed the battery’s biocompatibility. We also show seamless integration of the developed battery in an optoelectronic system embedded in a three-dimensional printed smart dental brace. We foresee the resultant orthodontic system as a personalized advanced health-care application, which could serve in faster bone regeneration and enhanced enamel health-care protection and subsequently reducing the overall health-care cost.
Altered brain and gut responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Kano Michiko , Muratsubaki Tomohiko , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Morishita Joe , Yoshizawa Makoto , Kohno Keiji , Yagihashi Mao , Tanaka Yukari , Mugikura Shunji , Dupont Patrick , Ly Huynh Giao , Takase Kei , Kanazawa Motoyori , Fukudo Shin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStress is a known trigger of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and exacerbates its gastrointestinal symptoms. However, underlying the physiological mechanism remains unknown. Here, we investigated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, colonic motility, and autonomic responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) administration as well as brain activity alterations in IBS. The study included 28 IBS patients and 34 age and sex-matched healthy control subjects. IBS patients demonstrated greater adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) responses to CRH than control subjects. Male IBS patients had greater increases in colonic motility than male HCs after CRH. Female IBS patients showed altered sympathovagal balance and lower basal parasympathetic tone relative to female control subjects. Brain responses to rectal distention were measured in the same subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging, and their associations with individual ACTH responses to CRH were tested. A negative association between ACTH response to CRH and activity in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) during rectal distention was identified in controls but not in IBS patients. Impaired top-down inhibitory input from the pregenual ACC to the HPA axis may lead to altered neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal responses to CRH. Centrally acting treatments may dampen the stress induced physical symptoms in IBS.
Small ocean temperature increases elicit stage-dependent changes in DNA methylation and gene expression in a fish, the European sea bass
Authors: Anastasiadi Dafni , Díaz Noelia , Piferrer Francesc 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn natural fish populations, temperature increases can result in shifts in important phenotypic traits. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism mediating phenotypic changes. However, whether temperature increases of the magnitude predicted by the latest global warming models can affect DNA methylation is unknown. Here, we exposed European sea bass to moderate temperature increases in different periods within the first two months of age. We show that increases of even 2 °C in larvae significantly changed global DNA methylation and the expression of ecologically-relevant genes related to DNA methylation, stress response, muscle and organ formation, while 4 °C had no effect on juveniles. Furthermore, DNA methylation changes were more marked in larvae previously acclimated to a different temperature. The expression of most genes was also affected by temperature in the larvae but not in juveniles. In conclusion, this work constitutes the first study of DNA methylation in fish showing that temperature increases of the magnitude predicted by the latest global warming models result in stage-dependent alterations in global DNA methylation and gene expression levels. This study, therefore, provides insights on the possible consequences of climate change in fish mediated by genome-wide epigenetic modifications.
Effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination at birth on T and B lymphocyte subsets: Results from a clinical randomized trial
Authors: Birk Nina Marie , Nissen Thomas Nørrelykke , Kjærgaard Jesper , Hartling Hans Jacob , Thøstesen Lisbeth Marianne , Kofoed Poul-Erik , Stensballe Lone Graff , Andersen Andreas , Pryds Ole , Netea Mihai G. , Benn Christine Stabell , Nielsen Susanne Dam , Jeppesen Dorthe Lisbeth 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine (BCG) has been associated with beneficial non-specific effects (NSEs) on infant health. Within a randomized trial on the effect of neonatal BCG on overall health, we investigated the possible immunological impact of neonatal BCG vaccination on lymphocyte subsets, determined by flow cytometry. In 118 infants blood samples were obtained 4 (±2) days post randomization to BCG vaccination or no intervention, and at 3 and 13 months of age. No effects of BCG were found at 4 days. However, BCG increased proportions of effector memory cells at 3 months (Geometric mean ratio (GMR) 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.20–2.21), p = 0.002 for CD4+ T cells and GMR 1.69, 95% CI (1.06–2.70), p = 0.03 for CD8+ T cells), and reduced proportions of late differentiated CD4+ T cells (GMR = 0.62, 95% CI (0.38–1.00), p = 0.05) and apoptotic CD4+ T cells at 13 months (GMR = 0.55, 95% CI (0.32–0.92), p = 0.03). In conclusion, limited overall impact of neonatal BCG vaccination on lymphocyte subsets was found in healthy Danish infants within the first 13 months of life. This is in line with the limited clinical effects of BCG observed in our setting.
Wide-field mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging of adhesives using a bolometer camera
Authors: Sugawara Shigeru , Nakayama Yoshihiko , Taniguchi Hideya , Ishimaru Ichiro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBy combining a bolometer detector with an imaging-type interferometer, an inexpensive, easy-to-handle wide-field mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging apparatus was produced. We measured the distributions of four types of thin adhesive layers on an aluminium plate and analysed the results using correlation coefficients to visualise the distribution of various adhesives that cannot be discerned by the naked eye or conventional methods such as visible/near-infrared spectroscopic/fluorescent photography. The measurement wavelength range, obtained spectrum’s wavenumber resolution, and measurement time was 8–14 μm, about 9 cm−1, and about 30 s, respectively. Using conventional methods, adhesives could not be distinguished from the others. By using this method, we found that adhesives could be precisely distinguished by setting an appropriate threshold value for the correlation coefficient. Thus, our approach can accurately measure the spatial distribution of different types of adhesive that cannot be discriminated by conventional methods.