bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Students' Perceptions of Educational Environment in the PBL Program of Sharjah Medical College
Authors: Nosair Emad , Mirghani Zein , Mostafa Randa M. 
Published: December 2015

Background Students' perception of their educational environment has a significant impact on their behavior and academic progress. The recent worldwide usage of innovative problem-based learning (PBL) medical programs requires major changes in medical schools and their environments. Therefore, measuring students' perceptions of the complex PBL environment has become a critical necessity as a determinant of students' academic success and as a part of attaining the quality standards of education. Ours being a new medical college employing the PBL curriculum, it was important to measure the students' perception of the educational environment in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the curriculum and to plan for any future improvements. Aim and Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate students' perceptions in the preclinical phase of the PBL educational environment in the College of Medicine, Sharjah Medical College, United Arab Emirates, and to recommend remedial procedures. Material and Methods In this cross-sectional study, the English version of the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) inventory was submitted to 250 students in years 1, 2, and 3. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 20 software, and significance was taken at P ≤ 0.05. The survey was performed in a mid-semester week, ie, in March 2014. No ethical issues were encountered during the process of this study. Results Two-hundred and fifty students responded to the questionnaire (100% response rate). The overall DREEM score was 113.4/200 (56.7%). First-year students expressed higher overall significant level of perception (119.4/200) than second-year (107.4/200) and third-year (112.7/200) students. In addition, first-year students perceived their learning, teaching, and academic climates as more significant than the other two batches. The scores obtained in the five domains were as follows; 28/48 in perception of learning, 26/44 in perception of teaching, 18/32 in academic self-perceptions, 27/48 in perceptions of atmosphere, and 15/28 in social self-perceptions. First-year students achieved the highest score (18.7/32) in the academic self-perception, and second-year students achieved the lowest (16.5/32). The total score was significantly higher in female students than in male students (115.9 vs 108.1). Conclusions The present study revealed that the PBL environment is generally perceived positively by our medical students. Female students exhibited higher perception than male students. Nevertheless, areas such as curriculum overload and inadequate student support still require further fine-tuning and remedial measures.
What’s in Your File Folder? Part 2: Epistemology, Logic, and “The Objective”
Authors: Bissell Roger E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe author discusses how Rand’s largely underdeveloped concept of the “dual-aspect objective,” first introduced in the 1960s, is vital for understanding how knowledge is grounded in reality. He defines it, then applies it to perception and introspection, and to concepts, propositions, and syllogisms. The author also defines content of awareness, carefully distinguishing it from both object and form of awareness, and applies those distinctions throughout. In addition, he discusses how truth is both dual-aspect and contextual, and he extends his discussion in Part 1 of Rand’s “unit-perspective,” showing how units, too, have a dual-aspect, even on the level of syllogisms.
Reply to Fred Seddon: What Does Ayn Rand Have to Do with Who Says That’s Art?
Authors: Kamhi Michelle Marder 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This commentary is in response to Fred Seddon’s review of Who Says That’s Art? A Commonsense View of the Visual Arts in The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies (December 2014). In addition to answering objections raised in the review about such matters as whether “abstract art” and photography should qualify as “fine art,” it aims to show in what respects the book was influenced by Rand’s thought.
Arqueología y tecnologías digitales en Educación Patrimonial
Authors: Vicent Naiara , Rivero Gracia M.ª Pilar , Feliu Torruella María 
Published: December 2015

En este artículo se analizan las tendencias actuales respecto a la utilización de la tecnología digital en torno a la arqueología y la educación patrimonial. El estudio parte de un análisis sobre el potencial educativo de la arqueología y se concreta posteriormente en la aplicación didáctica de los modelos digitales de reconstrucción e interpretación de espacios y objetos arqueológicos. El trabajo permite establecer tres líneas básicas de innovación educativa: modelos inmersivos en realidad virtual, entornos de interacción social web 2.0 y mobile learning, además de una línea de investigación emergente vinculada a la evaluación de proyectos y materiales patrimoniales basados en las tecnologías digitales. En el trabajo, se plasman los resultados de varias investigaciones originales comdesarrolladas por las autoras del texto con el respaldo de proyectos de investigación competitivos, al igual que se hace referencia a otros proyectos y experiencias.
La educación patrimonial en los currículos de ciencias sociales en España y Portugal
Authors: Pinto Helena , Molina Puche Sebastián 
Published: December 2015

En los últimos años, varios países europeos han modificado sus currículos escolares. Ese ha sido el caso de España, en la que en diciembre de 2013 aprueba la LOMCE, y Portugal, que desde el año 2012 está introduciendo cambios en su plan de estudios a través de las Metas Curriculares. Estas modificaciones han afectado, lógicamente, también a la enseñanza de las<br />Ciencias Sociales, lo que nos ha llevado a plantearnos si los nuevos currículos han supuesto una mejora en el tratamiento dado a la educación patrimonial. En particular, nos hemos centrado en estudiar el caso de la Educación Primaria en España y la Educación Elemental portuguesa, en las que hemos analizado cuál es el concepto de patrimonio propuesto en las nuevas regulaciones, qué ámbitos del patrimonio están siendo priorizadas, y qué objetivos son perseguidos por la educación patrimonial en estos nuevos textos legales. Para contestar estas preguntas realizamos un análisis de contenidos del currículo de Educación Primaria de la Región de Murcia (utilizado como ejemplo de los currículos autonómicos españoles), y de su homólogo portugués, para más tarde proceder a su comparativa. Los resultados destacaron que hay un desfase significativo entre el potencial didáctico del patrimonio para la enseñanza de las ciencias sociales, y su presencia en las directrices de los planes de estudios analizados. Independientemente de algunas diferencias entre los datos de los documentos españoles y portugueses, en ambas situaciones subsiste una visión limitada y parcial de la educación patrimonial.
Producción y diseño instructivo de vídeos didáctico-musicales. Una experiencia de aprendizaje abierto y flipped classroom
Authors: Gértrudix Barrio Felipe , Rivas Rebaque Begoña 
Published: December 2015

El texto aborda el potencial didáctico del vídeo musical y cómo a partir de su diseño instructivo y producción se desarrollan competencias creativas, así como habilidades propias de un docente de educación infantil en su formación inicial. Para ello, se ha contado con el análisis del proceso y resultados finales en la producción de 78 vídeos didáctico-musicales, incluidos en 41 microsites, elaborados por los estudiantes de tercer curso del Grado de Maestro de Educación Infantil de la Facultad de Educación de Toledo de la Universidad de Castilla la Mancha (UCLM), durante el período comprendido entre 2012 y 2014. Para el desarrollo y producción de los vídeos se ha utilizado la metodología de aprendizaje del “open learning”<br />y la técnica de “flipped classroom”, por lo que los resultados de la experiencia se han manifestado en una doble vía: a) los estudiantes participantes han adquirido un mayor nivel competencial, tanto en habilidades de carácter general como específicas musicales (aprendizaje); y b) las producciones videomusicales resultantes tienen la calidad suficiente para ser utilizados en las aulas de educación infantil, como recursos didácticos (profesional).
The fifteenth-century Catalan translation of the French "Danse macabre": A critical edition and English translation, from manuscript Miscel·lània 26, Arxiu de la Corona d’Aragó, Barcelona
Authors: Zvonareva Alina 
Published: December 2015

The present article focuses on ff. cxlr-cviiir of the manuscript Miscel?lània 26, Arxiu de la Corona d’Aragó, Barcelona, which contain the only extant version of the fifteenth-century Catalan translation of the French Danse macabre. The article contains a philological study of this section of the manuscript, with particular attention to the relationship between the Catalan version of the Danse macabre and its French sources: this study serves as an introduction to a new critical edition of the Catalan translation proposed in the second part of the article. The critical text consists of a parallel edition of the Catalan version and manuscript lat. 14904, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris (MS BnF lat. 14904), which proves to be the witness of the French poem closest to the lost exemplar used by the Catalan translator. Both editions aim at finding a balance between readability and a conservative approach which preserves the historical character of the manuscripts. The critical text is preceded by editorial criteria and accompanied by a literal translation into modern English and editorial notes.
Summary and thoughts from a conference – attending the 7th Conference on Open Access Scholarly Publishing
Authors: Eriksson Jörgen , Stjernberg Helena , Svensson Aina 
Published: December 2015

The Conference on Open Access Scholarly Publishing, COASP, is held annually with the aim of reaching professional publishing organizations, independent publishers and university presses, as well as librarians, university administrators and other stakeholders. Here, we outline some themes and highlights from this year’s conference.
Evaluation of write error rate for voltage-driven dynamic magnetization switching in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetization
Authors: Shiota Yoichi , Nozaki Takayuki , Tamaru Shingo , Yakushiji Kay , Kubota Hitoshi , Fukushima Akio , Yuasa Shinji , Suzuki Yoshishige 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We investigated the write error rate (WER) for voltage-driven dynamic switching in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetization. We observed a clear oscillatory behavior of the switching probability with respect to the duration of pulse voltage, which reveals the precessional motion of magnetization during voltage application. We experimentally demonstrated WER as low as 4 × 10−3 at the pulse duration corresponding to a half precession period (∼1 ns). The comparison between the results of the experiment and simulation based on a macrospin model shows a possibility of ultralow WER (<10−15) under optimum conditions. This study provides a guideline for developing practical voltage-driven spintronic devices.
High light output efficiency of n-ZnO/p-GaN heterojunction light-emitting diodes fabricated with a MgF2 electron-blocking layer
Authors: Jeong Seonghoon , Kim Hyunsoo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
MgF2 electron-blocking layers (EBLs) were used for improving the light output efficiency of n-ZnO/p-GaN heterojunction light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The turn-on voltage of the LEDs fabricated with MgF2 EBLs was as low as 4.4 V, and their optical light output power was nearly 2-fold higher than that of the reference LEDs without EBLs. This difference could be attributed to a combination of the following effects. First, interfacial damage could be suppressed by a reliable EBL formation comprising Mg–O–F structures, thus reducing the non-radiative recombination via deep trap states at the junction. Second, the electron–hole confinement at the EBL/n-ZnO interface could contribute toward enhancing the radiative recombination.
Semantic representation of scientific literature: bringing claims, contributions and named entities onto the Linked Open Data cloud
Authors: Sateli Bahar , Witte René 
Published: December 2015

Motivation.Finding relevant scientific literature is one of the essential tasks researchers are facing on a daily basis. Digital libraries and web information retrieval techniques provide rapid access to a vast amount of scientific literature. However, no further automated support is available that would enable fine-grained access to the knowledge ‘stored’ in these documents. The emerging domain ofSemantic Publishingaims at making scientific knowledge accessible to both humans and machines, by adding semantic annotations to content, such as a publication’s contributions, methods, or application domains. However, despite the promises of better knowledge access, the manual annotation of existing research literature is prohibitively expensive for wide-spread adoption. We argue that a novel combination of three distinct methods can significantly advance this vision in a fully-automated way: (i) Natural Language Processing (NLP) forRhetorical Entity(RE) detection; (ii)Named Entity(NE) recognition based on the Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud; and (iii) automatic knowledge base construction for both NEs and REs using semantic web ontologies that interconnect entities in documents with the machine-readable LOD cloud.Results.We present a complete workflow to transform scientific literature into a semantic knowledge base, based on the W3C standards RDF and RDFS. A text mining pipeline, implemented based on the GATE framework, automatically extracts rhetorical entities of typeClaimsandContributionsfrom full-text scientific literature. These REs are further enriched with named entities, represented as URIs to the linked open data cloud, by integrating the DBpedia Spotlight tool into our workflow. Text mining results are stored in a knowledge base through a flexible export process that provides for a dynamic mapping of semantic annotations to LOD vocabularies through rules stored in the knowledge base. We created a gold standard corpus from computer science conference proceedings and journal articles, whereClaimandContributionsentences are manually annotated with their respective types using LOD URIs. The performance of the RE detection phase is evaluated against this corpus, where it achieves an averageF-measure of 0.73. We further demonstrate a number of semantic queries that show how the generated knowledge base can provide support for numerous use cases in managing scientific literature.Availability.All software presented in this paper is available under open source licenses athttp://www.semanticsoftware.info/semantic-scientific-literature-peerj-2015-supplements. Development releases of individual components are additionally available on our GitHub page athttps://github.com/SemanticSoftwareLab.
Contrasting correlation patterns between environmental factors and chlorophyll levels in the global ocean
Authors: Feng Jianfeng , Durant Joël Marcel , Stige Leif Chr. , Hessen Dag Olav , Hjermann Dag Øystein , Zhu Lin , Llope Marcos , Stenseth Nils Chr. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this study we analyze large‐scale satellite‐derived data using generalized additive models to characterize the global correlation patterns between environmental forcing and marine phytoplankton biomass. We found systematic differences in the relationships between key environmental drivers (temperature, light, and wind) and ocean chlorophyll in the subtropical/tropical and temperate oceans. For the subtropical/tropical and equatorial oceans, the chlorophyll generally declined with increasing temperature and light, while in temperate oceans, chlorophyll was best explained by bell‐shaped or positive functions of temperature and light. The relationship between chlorophyll and wind speed is generally positive in low‐latitude oceans and bell shaped in temperate oceans. Our analyses also demonstrated strong and geographically consistent positive autoregressive effects of chlorophyll from 1 month to the next and negative autoregressive effects for measurements 2 months apart. These findings imply possibly different regional phytoplankton responses to environmental forcing, suggesting that future environmental change could affect the tropical and temperate upper ocean chlorophyll levels differently.
Extreme ionospheric ion energization and electron heating in Alfvén waves in the storm time inner magnetosphere
Authors: Chaston C. C. , Bonnell J. W. , Wygant J. R. , Kletzing C. A. , Reeves G. D. , Gerrard A. , Lanzerotti L. , Smith C. W. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe report measurements of energized outflowing/bouncing ionospheric ions and heated electrons in the inner magnetosphere during a geomagnetic storm. The ions arrive in the equatorial plane with pitch angles that increase with energy over a range from tens of eV to > 50 keV while the electrons are field aligned up to ~1 keV. These particle distributions are observed during intervals of broadband low‐frequency electromagnetic field fluctuations consistent with a Doppler‐shifted spectrum of kinetic Alfvén waves and kinetic field line resonances. The fluctuations extend from L ≈ 3 out to the apogee of the Van Allen Probes spacecraft at L ≈ 6.5. They thereby span most of the L shell range occupied by the ring current. These measurements suggest a model for ionospheric ion outflow and energization driven by dispersive Alfvén waves that may account for the large storm time contribution of ionospheric ions to magnetospheric energy density.
Decadal predictability of river discharge with climate oscillations over the 20th and early 21st century
Authors: Wanders Niko , Wada Yoshihide 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLong‐term hydrological forecasts are important to increase our resilience and preparedness to extreme hydrological events. The skill in these forecasts is still limited due to large uncertainties inherent in hydrological models and poor predictability of long‐term meteorological conditions. Here we show that strong (lagged) correlations exist between four different major climate oscillation modes and modeled and observed discharge anomalies over a 100 year period. The strongest correlations are found between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation signal and river discharge anomalies all year round, while North Atlantic Oscillation and Antarctic Oscillation time series are strongly correlated with winter discharge anomalies. The correlation signal is significant for periods up to 5 years for some regions, indicating a high added value of this information for long‐term hydrological forecasting. The results suggest that long‐term hydrological forecasting could be significantly improved by including the climate oscillation signals and thus improve our preparedness for hydrological extremes in the near future.
Trends in aerosol optical depth in northern China retrieved from sunshine duration data
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Run , Liu Shaw Chen , Shiu Chein‐Jung , Wang Jingli , Zhang Yuanhang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA new method has been developed to retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD) from sunshine duration (SSD). Retrieved AODs from SSD at the six stations in northern China in 2003–2005 agree reasonably well with AODs retrieved from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer observations near the six stations. Values and trends in AOD retrieved from SSD in Beijing and Tianjin in the period 1961–2005 also agree with those retrieved from solar radiation and visibility. These agreements allow the retrieval of credible upper and lower limits for anthropogenic AODs from SSD at the six stations during 1961–2005. The trends in anthropogenic AODs are approximately a factor of 3 to 5 lower than the trends in emissions of gas‐phase precursors of aerosols in 1973–2005, implying a significant sublinear relationship between the level of aerosols and emissions of their gas phase precursors. This finding has important implications for formulating a control strategy for PM2.5 or haze pollution in northern China.
Determination of the Earth's plasmapause location from the CE‐3 EUVC images
Authors: He Fei , Zhang Xiao‐Xin , Chen Bo , Fok Mei‐Ching , Nakano Shinya 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Moon‐based Extreme Ultraviolet Camera (EUVC) aboard China's Chang'e‐3 (CE‐3) mission has successfully imaged the entire Earth's plasmasphere for the first time from the side views on lunar surface. An EUVC image on 21 April 2014 is used in this study to demonstrate the characteristics and configurations of the Moon‐based EUV imaging and to illustrate the determination algorithm of the plasmapause locations on the magnetic equator. The plasmapause locations determined from all the available EUVC images with the Minimum L Algorithm are quantitatively compared with those extracted from in situ observations (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, and Radiation Belt Storm Probes). Excellent agreement between the determined plasmapauses seen by EUVC and the extracted ones from other satellites indicates the reliability of the Moon‐based EUVC images as well as the determination algorithm. This preliminary study provides an important basis for future investigation of the dynamics of the plasmasphere with the Moon‐based EUVC imaging.
Absorbing and reflecting sudden stratospheric warming events and their relationship with tropospheric circulation
Authors: Kodera Kunihiko , Mukougawa Hitoshi , Maury Pauline , Ueda Manabu , Claud Chantal 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events have received increased attention since their impacts on the troposphere became evident recently. Studies of SSW usually focus on polar stratospheric conditions; however, understanding the global impact of these events requires studying them from a wider perspective. Case studies are used to clarify the characteristics of the stratosphere‐troposphere dynamical coupling, and the meridional extent of the phenomena associated with SSW. Results show that differences in the recovery phase can be used to classify SSW events into two types. The first is the absorbing type of SSW, which has a longer timescale as well as a larger meridional extent due to the persistent incoming planetary waves from the troposphere. The absorbing type of SSW is related to the annular mode on the surface through poleward and downward migration of the deceleration region of the polar night jet. The other is the reflecting type. This is characterized by a quick termination of the warming episode due to the reflection of planetary waves in the stratosphere, which leads to an amplification of tropospheric planetary waves inducing strong westerlies over the North Atlantic and blocking over the North Pacific sector. Differences in the tropospheric impact of the absorbing and reflecting SSWs are also confirmed with composite analysis of 22 major SSWs.