bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formação do professor de História nos contextos alemão e brasileiro: algumas questões sobre a relação entre teoria e prática
Authors: Bechler Rosiane Ribeiro , Bereta da Silva Cristiani 
Published: July 2016

O artigo pretende estabelecer um diálogo entre a formação docente em História no Brasil, tendo como parâmetro o Curso de História da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (Udesc) – destacando o lugar das práticas e do estágio nesse processo – e a formação docente em História na Alemanha, realizada em duas etapas – uma de estudos acadêmicos, mas já com inserções no contexto escolar, e outra prática, compreendida como preparo para o início efetivo do trabalho. A discussão assentou-se em experiências vivenciadas nos dois países, na bibliografia e nos documentos disponíveis nos sitesdo Ministério Bávaro para Formação e Educação, Ciência e Cultura e da Universidade Julius-Maximilian/Würzburg e, ainda, nas percepções partilhadas por uma professora em fase final de formação nessa instituição. Defende-se, aqui, uma formação inicial pautada no diálogo contínuo entre teoria e prática, reconhecendo que o ensino também é campo de elaboração e consolidação de saberes.
Ensinar e aprender História: o que dizem os jovens do campo
Authors: Fernandes da Silva Júnior Astrogildo 
Published: July 2016

O artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre como se efetiva o ensino de história em uma escola localizada no meio rural do município de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil. Especificamente buscamos registrar e analisar como os professores ensinam e como os jovens do campo aprendem história. Esta investigação tem como referencial metodológico a abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa educacional. A pesquisa de campo recorre a instrumentos variados como anotações em diário de campo, por meio das visitas à escola e das observações das aulas de história, questionário respondido pelos jovens estudantes e entrevistas orais com os gestores e professores de história. Conclui-se que os jovens estudantes são atores sociais plurais. Revelaram a preocupação com o mundo onde vivem. Possuíam visões positivas sobre o ensino de história, que pode ser justificado pela prática da professora da turma.
Attitudes Towards Traffic Safety Worldwide
Authors: Sucha Matus , Viktorova Lucie , Risser Ralf 
Published: July 2016

Background:
There is agreement that road user behaviour is the most important contributing factor for traffic accidents. It is therefore essential to understand better the causes of accidents and design remedies that can efficiently treat them. The fatality rate per 10,000 people is about 30 times higher in developing countries than in high-income countries These differences, beside other factors, can be explained in terms of different traffic safety cultures.

Objective:
The general mission of this work was to contribute to traffic safety by gaining an understanding of the differences in traffic culture in countries worldwide. Furthermore, we sought to explore and understand the needs and beliefs concerning traffic safety in different countries worldwide and the implications for the objective traffic safety situation (Traffic Safety Index – TSI) and for the stage of the economic development of the country (Gross Domestic Product – GDP).

Methods:
A simple questionnaire with three questions focused on beliefs and opinions about traffic safety was used. Altogether, 142 respondents from 36 countries filled in the questionnaire. The data was analysed using both statistical methods and qualitative analysis of the responses.

Results:
The results indicated major differences in the traffic safety cultures embraced by different countries. In general, two approaches to traffic safety culture can be identified. In the first case, traffic safety culture is viewed as an objective reality which the respondents conceive of as leading to greater safety. The second case involves the emphasis being placed particularly on the elimination of a threat to life and health.

Conclusion:
People from countries with a poorer traffic safety record tend to underline the importance of traffic safety. No evidence of a relationship between the economic performance of the country (GDP), the traffic safety culture standard, and the Traffic Safety Index was found. Finally, the implications of the results for practice are discussed with a view to the practical implementation of measures to improve traffic safety.
Spatial and Temporal Clustering of Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease
Authors: Canney Mark , O’Hara Paul V. , McEvoy Caitriona M. , Medani Samar , Connaughton Dervla M. , Abdalla Ahad A. , Doyle Ross , Stack Austin G. , O’Seaghdha Conall M. , Clarkson Michael R. , Griffin Matthew D. , Holian John , Dorman Anthony M. , Niland Aileen , Keogan Mary , Wallace Eleanor M. , Conlon Niall P. , Walsh Cathal , Kelly Alan , Little Mark A. 
Published: July 2016

Background and objectives
An environmental trigger has been proposed as an inciting factor in the development of anti-GBM disease. This multicenter, observational study sought to define the national incidence of anti-GBM disease during an 11-year period (2003–2014) in Ireland, investigate clustering of cases in time and space, and assess the effect of spatial variability in incidence on outcome.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We ascertained cases by screening immunology laboratories for instances of positivity for anti-GBM antibody and the national renal histopathology registry for biopsy-proven cases. The population at risk was defined from national census data. We used a variable-window scan statistic to detect temporal clustering. A Bayesian spatial model was used to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for each of the 26 counties.

Results
Seventy-nine cases were included. National incidence was 1.64 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.82 to 3.35) per million population per year. A temporal cluster (n=10) was identified during a 3-month period; six cases were resident in four rural counties in the southeast. Spatial analysis revealed wide regional variation in SIRs and a cluster (n=7) in the northwest (SIR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.02 to 3.06). There were 29 deaths and 57 cases of ESRD during a mean follow-up of 2.9 years. Greater distance from diagnosis site to treating center, stratified by median distance traveled, did not significantly affect patient (hazard ratio, 1.80; 95% CI, 0.87 to 3.77) or renal (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.40 to 1.13) survival.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first study to report national incidence rates of anti-GBM disease and formally investigate patterns of incidence. Clustering of cases in time and space supports the hypothesis of an environmental trigger for disease onset. The substantial variability in regional incidence highlights the need for comprehensive country-wide studies to improve our understanding of the etiology of anti-GBM disease.
Abusive head trauma: an epidemiological and cost analysis
Authors: Boop Scott , Axente Mary , Weatherford Blakely , Klimo Paul 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE
Research on pediatric abusive head trauma (AHT) has largely focused on clinical presentation and management. The authors sought to review a single-institution experience from a public health perspective to gain a better understanding of the local population affected, determine overall incidence and seasonal trends, and provide details on the initial hospitalization, including extent of injuries, neurosurgical interventions, and hospital charges.

METHODS
All cases of AHT involving patients who presented to Le Bonheur Children's Hospital (LBCH) from 2009 through 2014 were identified. AHT was defined as skull fracture or intracranial hemorrhage in a child under the age of 5 years with a suspicious mechanism or evidence of other intentional injuries, such as retinal hemorrhages, old or new fractures, or soft-tissue bruising. Injuries were categorized as Grade I (skull fracture only), Grade II (intracranial hemorrhage or edema not requiring surgical intervention), or Grade III (intracranial hemorrhage requiring intervention or death due to brain injury).

RESULTS
Two hundred thirteen AHT cases were identified. The demographics of the study population are similar to those reported in the literature: the majority of the patients involved were 6 months of age or younger (55%), male (61%), African American (47%), and publicly insured (82%). One hundred one neurosurgical procedures were performed in 58 children, with the most common being bur hole placement for treatment of subdural collections (25%) and decompressive hemicraniectomy (22%). The annual incidence rate rose from 2009 (19.6 cases per 100,000 in the population under 5 years of age) to 2014 (47.4 cases per 100,000) and showed seasonal peaks in January, July, and October (6-year average single-month incidence, respectively, 24.7, 21.7, and 24.7 per 100,000). The total hospital charges were $13,014,584, with a median cost of $27,939. Treatment costs for children who required surgical intervention (i.e., those with Grade III) were up to 10 times those of children with less severe injuries.

CONCLUSIONS
In the authors' local population, victims of AHT are overwhelmingly infants, are more often male than female, and are disproportionately from lower socioeconomic ranks. The incidence is increasing and initial hospitalization charges are substantial and variable. The authors introduce a simple 3-tiered injury classification scheme that adequately stratifies length of hospital stay and cost.
HybPiper: Extracting coding sequence and introns for phylogenetics from high‐throughput sequencing reads using target enrichment
Authors: Johnson Matthew G. , Gardner Elliot M. , Liu Yang , Medina Rafael , Goffinet Bernard , Shaw A. Jonathan , Zerega Nyree J. C. , Wickett Norman J. 
Published: July 2016

Premise of the study:Using sequence data generated via target enrichment for phylogenetics requires reassembly of high‐throughput sequence reads into loci, presenting a number of bioinformatics challenges. We developed HybPiper as a user‐friendly platform for assembly of gene regions, extraction of exon and intron sequences, and identification of paralogous gene copies. We test HybPiper using baits designed to target 333 phylogenetic markers and 125 genes of functional significance in Artocarpus (Moraceae).Methods and Results:HybPiper implements parallel execution of sequence assembly in three phases: read mapping, contig assembly, and target sequence extraction. The pipeline was able to recover nearly complete gene sequences for all genes in 22 species of Artocarpus. HybPiper also recovered more than 500 bp of nontargeted intron sequence in over half of the phylogenetic markers and identified paralogous gene copies in Artocarpus.Conclusions:HybPiper was designed for Linux and Mac OS X and is freely available at https://github.com/mossmatters/HybPiper.
THE ORBITAL AND PHYSICAL PARAMETERS, AND THE DISTANCE OF THE ECLIPSING BINARY SYSTEM OGLE-LMC-ECL-25658 IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD
Authors: Elgueta S. S. , Graczyk D. , Gieren W. , Pietrzyński G. , Thompson I. B. , Konorski P. , Pilecki B. , Villanova S. , Udalski A. , Soszyński I. , Suchomska K. , Karczmarek P. , Górski M. , Wielgórski P. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of a new detached eclipsing binary, OGLE-LMC-ECL-25658, in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The system consists of two late G-type giant stars on an eccentric orbit with an orbital period of ∼200 days. The system shows total eclipses and the components have similar temperatures, making it ideal for a precise distance determination. Using multi-color photometric and high resolution spectroscopic data, we have performed an analysis of light and radial velocity curves simultaneously using the Wilson–Devinney code. We derived orbital and physical parameters of the binary with a high precision of

%. The masses and surface metallicities of the components are virtually the same and equal to

and

dex. However, their radii and rates of rotation show a distinct trace of differential stellar evolution. The distance to the system was calculated using an infrared calibration between V-band surface brightness and (V–K) color, leading to a distance modulus of

(statistical) ± 0.046 (systematic). Because OGLE-LMC-ECL-25658 is located relatively far from the LMC barycenter, we applied a geometrical correction for its position in the LMC disk using the van der Marel et al. model of the LMC. The resulting barycenter distance to the galaxy is

(stat.) kpc, and is in perfect agreement with the earlier result of Pietrzyński et al.
SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE O Vz STARS IN THE GALACTIC O-STAR SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY (GOSSS)
Authors: Arias Julia I. , Walborn Nolan R. , Díaz Sergio Simón , Barbá Rodolfo H. , Apellániz Jesús Maíz , Sabín-Sanjulián Carolina , Gamen Roberto C. , Morrell Nidia I. , Sota Alfredo , Marco Amparo , Negueruela Ignacio , Leão João R. S. , Herrero Artemio , Alfaro Emilio J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
On the basis of the Galactic O Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS), we present a detailed systematic investigation of the O Vz stars. The currently used spectral classification criteria are rediscussed, and the Vz phenomenon is recalibrated through the addition of a quantitative criterion based on the equivalent widths of the He i
λ4471, He ii
λ4542, and He ii
λ4686 spectral lines. The GOSSS O Vz and O V populations resulting from the newly adopted spectral classification criteria are comparatively analyzed. The locations of the O Vz stars are probed, showing a concentration of the most extreme cases toward the youngest star-forming regions. The occurrence of the Vz spectral peculiarity in a solar-metallicity environment, as predicted by the fastwind code, is also investigated, confirming the importance of taking into account several processes for the correct interpretation of the phenomenon.
HST IMAGING OF DUST STRUCTURES AND STARS IN THE RAM PRESSURE STRIPPED VIRGO SPIRALS NGC 4402 AND NGC 4522: STRIPPED FROM THE OUTSIDE IN WITH DENSE CLOUD DECOUPLING
Authors: Abramson A. , Kenney J. , Crowl H. , Tal T. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We describe and constrain the origins of interstellar medium (ISM) structures likely created by ongoing intracluster medium (ICM) ram pressure stripping in two Virgo Cluster spirals, NGC 4522 and NGC 4402, using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) BVI images of dust extinction and stars, as well as supplementary H i, Hα, and radio continuum images. With a spatial resolution of ∼10 pc in the HST images, this is the highest-resolution study to date of the physical processes that occur during an ICM–ISM ram pressure stripping interaction, ram pressure stripping's effects on the multi-phase, multi-density ISM, and the formation and evolution of ram-pressure-stripped tails. In dust extinction, we view the leading side of NGC 4402 and the trailing side of NGC 4522, and so we see distinct types of features in both. In both galaxies, we identify some regions where dense clouds are decoupling or have decoupled and others where it appears that kiloparsec-sized sections of the ISM are moving coherently. NGC 4522 has experienced stronger, more recent pressure and has the “jellyfish” morphology characteristic of some ram-pressure-stripped galaxies. Its stripped tail extends up from the disk plane in continuous upturns of dust and stars curving up to ∼2 kpc above the disk plane. On the other side of the galaxy, there is a kinematically and morphologically distinct extraplanar arm of young, blue stars and ISM above a mostly stripped portion of the disk, and between it and the disk plane are decoupled dust clouds that have not been completely stripped. The leading side of NGC 4402 contains two kiloparsec-scale linear dust filaments with complex substructure that have partially decoupled from the surrounding ISM. NGC 4402 also contains long dust ridges, suggesting that large parts of the ISM are being pushed out at once. Both galaxies contain long ridges of polarized radio continuum emission indicating the presence of large-scale, ordered magnetic fields. We propose that magnetic fields could bind together gas of different densities, causing nearby gas of different densities to be stripped at the same rate and creating the large, coherent dust ridges and upturns. A number of factors likely play roles in determining what types of structures form as a result of ram pressure, including ram pressure strength and history, the location within the galaxy relative to the leading side, and pre-existing substructure in the ISM that may be bound together by magnetic fields during stripping.
PHOTOMETRIC, SPECTROSCOPIC, AND ORBITAL PERIOD STUDY OF THREE EARLY-TYPE SEMI-DETACHED SYSTEMS: XZ AQL, UX HER, AND AT PEG
Authors: Zola S. , Baştürk Ö. , Liakos A. , Gazeas K. , Şenavcı H. V. , Nelson R. H. , Özavcı İ. , Zakrzewski B. , Yılmaz M. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present a combined photometric, spectroscopic, and orbital period study of three early-type eclipsing binary systems: XZ Aql, UX Her, and AT Peg. As a result, we have derived the absolute parameters of their components and, on that basis, we discuss their evolutionary states. Furthermore, we compare their parameters with those of other binary systems and with theoretical models. An analysis of all available up-to-date times of minima indicated that all three systems studied here show cyclic orbital changes; their origin is discussed in detail. Finally, we performed a frequency analysis for possible pulsational behavior, and as a result we suggest that XZ Aql hosts a δ Scuti component.
IMPACT OF AN L5 MAGNETOGRAPH ON NONPOTENTIAL SOLAR GLOBAL MAGNETIC FIELD MODELING
Authors: Mackay Duncan H. , Yeates Anthony R. , Bocquet Francois-Xavier 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the first theoretical study to consider what improvement could be obtained in global nonpotential modeling of the solar corona if magnetograph data were available from the L5 Lagrange point, in addition to from the direction of Earth. To consider this, we first carry out a “reference Sun” simulation over two solar cycles. An important property of this simulation is that random bipole emergences are allowed across the entire solar surface at any given time (such as can occur on the Sun). Next, we construct two “limited data” simulations, where bipoles are only included when they could be seen from (i) an Earth-based magnetograph and (ii) either Earth- or L5-based magnetographs. The improvement in reproducing the reference Sun simulation when an L5 view is available is quantified through considering global quantities in the limited data simulations. These include surface and polar flux, total magnetic energy, volume electric current, open flux, and the number of flux ropes. Results show that when an L5 observational viewpoint is included, the accuracy of the global quantities in the limited data simulations can increase by 26%–40%. This clearly shows that a magnetograph at the L5 point could significantly increase the accuracy of global nonpotential modeling and with this the accuracy of future space weather forecasts.
LUNAR SURFACE AND DUST GRAIN POTENTIALS DURING THE EARTH’S MAGNETOSPHERE CROSSING
Authors: Vaverka J. , Richterová I. , Pavlu˚ J. , Šafránková J. , Němeček Z. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Interaction between the lunar surface and the solar UV radiation and surrounding plasma environment leads to its charging by different processes like photoemission, collection of charged particles, or secondary electron emission (SEE). Whereas the photoemission depends only on the angle between the surface and direction to the Sun and varies only slowly, plasma parameters can change rapidly as the Moon orbits around the Earth. This paper presents numerical simulations of one Moon pass through the magnetospheric tail including the real plasma parameters measured by THEMIS as an input. The calculations are concentrated on different charges of the lunar surface itself and a dust grain lifted above this surface. Our estimations show that (1) the SEE leads to a positive charging of parts of the lunar surface even in the magnetosphere, where a high negative potential is expected; (2) the SEE is generally more important for isolated dust grains than for the lunar surface covered by these grains; and (3) the time constant of charging of dust grains depends on their diameter being of the order of hours for sub-micrometer grains. In view of these results, we discuss the conditions under which and the areas where a levitation of the lifted dust grains could be observed.
IRON: A KEY ELEMENT FOR UNDERSTANDING THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF INTERSTELLAR DUST
Authors: Dwek Eli 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The origin and depletion of iron differ from all other abundant refractory elements that make up the composition of interstellar dust. Iron is primarily synthesized in Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and in core collapse supernovae (CCSN), and is present in the outflows from AGB stars. Only the latter two are observed to be sources of interstellar dust since searches for dust in SN Ia have provided strong evidence for the absence of any significant mass of dust in their ejecta. Consequently, more than 65% of the iron is injected into the ISM in gaseous form. Yet ultraviolet and X-ray observations along many lines of sight in the ISM show that iron is severely depleted in the gas phase as compared to expected solar abundances. The missing iron, comprising about 90% of the total, is believed to be locked up in interstellar dust. This suggests that most of the missing iron must have precipitated from the ISM gas by a cold accretion onto preexisting silicate, carbon, or composite grains. Iron is thus the only element that requires most of its growth to occur outside the traditional stellar condensation sources. This is a robust statement that does not depend on our evolving understanding of the dust destruction efficiency in the ISM. Reconciling the physical, optical, and chemical properties of such composite grains with their many observational manifestations is a major challenge for understanding the nature and origin of interstellar dust.