bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the tracheoesophageal voice resistance test in total laryngectomees
Authors: Pellicani Ariane D. , Ricz Hilton , Iqueda Adriana P. D. , Aguiar‐Ricz Lílian 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo analyze tracheoesophageal voice resistance in laryngectomized patients by comparing the acoustic, perceptive‐auditory and self‐evaluation measures before and after the voice resistance test.Study DesignAn observational, experimental study with a quantitative and descriptive approach.MethodsNineteen total laryngectomees were submitted for capture of vocal intensity, self‐assessment of signs and symptoms of voice fatigue using a visual analogue scale, and perceptive‐auditory and acoustic analysis of the tracheoesophageal voice before and after the voice resistance test, which consisted of continuous repeated counting from one to 100.ResultsThe mean time of execution of the test was 33.68 minutes. Type II sound signal, voice intensity, voice quality, degree of severity of dysphonia, and the pitch and loudness parameters were maintained after the test. There were no changes in signs and symptoms of vocal fatigue.ConclusionsMost of the total laryngectomees performed the voice resistance test for less than 30 minutes. However, the voice resistance test did not induce significant changes in the quality of tracheoesophageal voice of total laryngectomees or in the signs and symptoms of vocal fatigue.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2016 127:405–410, 2017
Recruitment of underserved, high‐risk participants to a head and neck cancer screening program
Authors: Freiser Monika E. , Cohen Erin R. , Szczupak Mikhaylo , Desai Dipan D. , Lo Kaming , Nayak Chetan , Weed Donald T. , Sargi Zoukaa B. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisEarly detection is essential in head and neck cancer treatment as prognosis varies greatly with stage at diagnosis. Underserved populations often present with advanced disease, and individuals with tobacco and heavy alcohol use demonstrate a higher head and neck cancer incidence. This study aims to evaluate whether various promotional methods differentially recruited behavioral risk factor positive and/or underserved populations to our screening event.Study DesignProspective cross‐sectional study.MethodsA hospital‐based, medical student‐run, free head and neck cancer screening event for 187 participants was held in April 2015. Medical campus‐based, community‐based, and media‐based promotions were implemented to recruit participants. Event participants filled out questionnaires to determine how they were recruited, their risk‐factor history, and their socioeconomic status. Prevalence of the higher‐risk population across the various promotional methods was analyzed.ResultsCommunity‐based promotions were significantly associated with the recruitment of participants in the underserved subgroups, namely uninsured (P = .019), unemployed (P = .006), and those with an annual household income <$20,000 (P < .001). Although not statistically significant, participants with behavioral risk factors reported a higher percentage of recruitment by media‐based promotions. Campus‐based promotions led to the highest absolute number, but not percentage, of higher‐risk participants.ConclusionsCommunity‐based promotions most efficiently recruit underserved guests to participate in a hospital‐based head and neck cancer screening event as compared to media and campus‐based promotions. Institutions interested in recruiting higher proportions of underserved guests to these screening events should consider focusing attention and allocation of resources to community‐based promotions.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:2699–2704, 2016
Thermohaline stratification and double diffusion diapycnal fluxes in the hypersaline Dead Sea
Authors: Arnon A. , Selker J. S. , Lensky N. G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Dead Sea is a hypersaline terminal lake, experiencing negative water balance, increasing salinity, and NaCl (halite) crystallization. We observed atypical evolution of the thermohaline stratification in comparison to most lakes due to the role of salt crystallization and diapycnal fluxes across lake layers. We characterized the dynamics of the thermohaline properties of the lake strata through high‐resolution continuous measurements of temperature profiles, novel water sampling methods, and observation of vertical profiles of salt crystallization. The diapycnal fluxes across the metalimnion were explained by Double Diffusion (DD) salt fingering driven by instability between warmer saltier water above cooler less salty water. The DD flux is associated with: (1) sharpening of the metalimnion from a 20 m wide transition in early summer, to staircase, ultimately merging to a single sharp sub‐meter step, (2) salinity decline from the epilimnion starting from mid‐summer synchronous with increasing salinity and temperature of the hypolimnion, and (3) active halite crystallization in the hypolimnion. We hypnotize that the salt fingering mechanism in saturated brines reveals a unique asymmetry; i.e., the descending cooling fingers become supersaturated and crystallize halite, whereas the ascending warming fingers becomes undersaturated. The DD flux in the Dead Sea is shown to be fundamental in the dynamics of stratification, providing a framework for general understanding DD flux in hypersaline environments. The finding that the epilimnion experiences seasonal halite undersaturation whereas the hypolimnion continuously precipitates salt by DD flux, has wide implications on the understanding of the dynamics of deposition of evaporitic rocks.
Plasmonic refraction‐induced ultrahigh transparency of highly conducting metallic networks
Authors: Li Ruopeng , Peng Qiang , Han Bing , Ke Yuanyu , Wang Xin , Lu Xubing , Wu Xueyuan , Kong Jiantao , Ren Zhifeng , Akinoglu Eser Metin , Giersig Michael , Zhou Guofu , Liu Jun‐Ming , Kempa Krzysztof , Gao Jinwei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe demonstrate a high optoelectronic performance and application potential of our random network, with subwavelength diameter, ultralong, and high‐quality silver nanowires, stabilized on a substrate with a UV binder. Our networks show very good optoelectronic properties, with the single best figure of merit of ∼1686, and excellent stability under harsh mechanical strain, as well as thermal, and chemical challenge. Our network transparency strongly exceeds the simple shading limit. We show that this transmission enhancement is due to plasmonic refraction, which in an effective medium picture involves localized plasmons, and identify the inhomogeneous broadening as the key factor in promoting this mechanism. Such networks could become a basis for a next generation of ultrahigh‐performance transparent conductors.
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Dietary intervention in obese dams protects male offspring from WAT induction of TRPV4, adiposity, and hyperinsulinemia
Authors: Janoschek Ruth , Bae‐Gartz Inga , Vohlen Christina , Alcázar Miguel A. Alejandre , Dinger Katharina , Appel Sarah , Dötsch Jörg , Hucklenbruch‐Rother Eva 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveOne major risk factor for childhood overweight is maternal obesity. The underlying molecular mechanisms are ill‐defined, and effective prevention strategies are missing.MethodsDiet‐induced obese mouse dams were changed to standard chow during pregnancy and lactation as an intervention against predisposition for obesity and metabolic sequelea in the offspring. Expression of adipokines and TRPV4, a regulator of adipose oxidative metabolism, inflammation, and energy homeostasis, in offspring's white adipose tissue (WAT) was assessed.ResultsPathological effects on offspring's body weight, fat content, and serum insulin were fully reversed in intervention offspring on postnatal day 21. In WAT, a sixfold increase of Trpv4 mRNA expression in offspring consuming high‐fat‐containing diet was found, which was completely blunted in the intervention group. Simultaneously, WAT adipokine, interleukin‐6, and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ mRNA and UCP1 protein expression were largely returned to control levels in intervention offspring.ConclusionsImprovement of maternal nutrition offers a powerful strategy to improve offspring's metabolic health. Targeting TRPV4‐linked aspects of WAT metabolic function during early development might be a promising approach to prevent long‐term adverse metabolic effects of maternal high‐fat nutrition.
Non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for single gene disorders: cost analysis of NIPD and invasive testing pathways
Authors: Verhoef Talitha I. , Hill Melissa , Drury Suzanne , Mason Sarah , Jenkins Lucy , Morris Stephen , Chitty Lyn S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the costs of offering non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for single gene disorders compared to traditional invasive testing to inform NIPD implementation into clinical practice.MethodTotal costs of diagnosis using NIPD or invasive testing pathways were compared for a representative set of single gene disorders.ResultsFor autosomal dominant conditions, where NIPD molecular techniques are straightforward, NIPD cost £314 less than invasive testing. NIPD for autosomal recessive and X‐linked conditions requires more complicated technical approaches and total costs were more than invasive testing, e.g. NIPD for spinal muscular atrophy was £1090 more than invasive testing. Impact of test uptake on costs was assessed using sickle cell disorder as an example. Anticipated high uptake of NIPD resulted in an incremental cost of NIPD over invasive testing of £48 635 per 100 pregnancies at risk of sickle cell disorder.ConclusionTotal costs of NIPD are dependent upon the complexity of the testing technique required. Anticipated increased demand for testing may have economic implications for prenatal diagnostic services. Ethical issues requiring further consideration are highlighted including directing resources to NIPD when used for information only and restricting access to safe tests if it is not cost‐effective to develop NIPD for rare conditions. © 2016 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parameterized complex dielectric functions of CuIn1−xGaxSe2: applications in optical characterization of compositional non‐uniformities and depth profiles in materials and solar cells
Authors: Aryal Puruswottam , Ibdah Abdel‐Rahman , Pradhan Puja , Attygalle Dinesh , Koirala Prakash , Podraza Nikolas J. , Marsillac Sylvain , Collins Robert W. , Li Jian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn‐situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) was employed to extract the complex dielectric functions ε = ε1 + iε2 over the spectral range of 0.75–6.5 eV for a set of polycrystalline CuIn1−xGaxSe2 (CIGS) thin films with different alloy compositions x = [Ga]/{[In] + [Ga]}. For highest possible accuracy in ε for each CIGS thin film, specialized SE procedures were adopted including (i) deposition to a thickness of ~600 Å on smooth native oxide covered crystal silicon wafers, which minimizes the surface roughness on the film and thus the required corrections in data analysis, and (ii) measurement in‐situ, which minimizes ambient contamination and oxidation of the film surface. Assuming an analytical form for each of the ε spectra for these CIGS films, oscillator parameters were obtained in best fits, and these parameters were fit in turn to polynomials in x. With the resulting database of polynomial coefficients, the ε spectra for any composition of CIGS can be generated from the single parameter, x. In addition to enabling accurate contactless determination of bulk and surface roughness layer thicknesses of CIGS films by high speed multichannel SE, the database enables characterization of the composition and its profile with depth into these films, and even how the depth profile varies spatially within the plane of the films. In this study, depth profile parameters were found to correlate spatially with solar cell performance parameters. As a result, SE provides the capability of contactless compositional analysis of production‐scale CIGS photovoltaic modules at high speed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated low‐temperature process for the fabrication of amorphous Si nanoparticles embedded in Al2O3 for non‐volatile memory application
Authors: Ilse Klemens , Schneider Thomas , Ziegler Johannes , Sprafke Alexander , Wehrspohn Ralf B. 
Published: April 2016

A new low‐temperature, integrated fabrication process for multi layers of silicon nanoparticles (Si‐NPs) embedded in amorphous Al2O3 is presented. For this, a non‐thermal low‐pressure inductively coupled plasma process (LPICP) for Si‐NPs and thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 are combined. Storage characteristics of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structures are studied for non‐volatile memory application. The influence of typical fixed oxide charges in Al2O3 on the programming process and retention is investigated.HAADF and EDX images of MOS structure with five layers of silicon nanoparticles.
Noble gases fingerprint a metasedimentary fluid source in the Macraes orogenic gold deposit, New Zealand
Authors: Goodwin Nicholas R. J. , Burgess Ray , Craw Dave , Teagle Damon A. H. , Ballentine Chris J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The world-class Macraes orogenic gold deposit (∼10 Moz resource) formed during the late metamorphic uplift of a metasedimentary schist belt in southern New Zealand. Mineralising fluids, metals and metalloids were derived from within the metasedimentary host. Helium and argon extracted from fluid inclusions in sulphide mineral grains (three crush extractions from one sample) have crustal signatures, with no evidence for mantle input (R/Ra = 0.03). Xenon extracted from mineralised quartz samples provides evidence for extensive interaction between fluid and maturing organic material within the metasedimentary host rocks, with 132Xe/36Ar ratios up to 200 times greater than air. Similarly, I/Cl ratios for fluids extracted from mineralised quartz are similar to those of brines from marine sediments that have interacted with organic matter and are ten times higher than typical magmatic/mantle fluids. The Macraes mineralising fluids were compositionally variable, reflecting either mixing of two different crustal fluids in the metasedimentary pile or a single fluid type that has had varying degrees of interaction with the host metasediments. Evidence for additional input of meteoric water is equivocal, but minor meteoric incursion cannot be discounted. The Macraes deposit formed in a metasedimentary belt without associated coeval magmatism, and therefore represents a purely crustal metamorphogenic end member in a spectrum of orogenic hydrothermal processes that can include magmatic and/or mantle fluid input elsewhere in the world. There is no evidence for involvement of minor intercalated metabasic rocks in the Macraes mineralising system. Hydrothermal fluids that formed other, smaller, orogenic deposits in the same metamorphic belt have less pronounced noble gas and halogen evidence for crustal fluid-rock interaction than at Macraes, but these deposits also formed from broadly similar metamorphogenic processes.
Isolation and Characterization of Chicken Yolk Vitelline Membrane Lipids Using Eggs Enriched With Conjugated Linoleic Acid
Authors: Shinn Sara Elizabeth , Liyanage Rohana , Lay Jackson O. , Proctor Andrew 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe vitelline membrane (VM) encloses the chicken egg yolk, separating it from albumen. The VM weakens during storage, and dietary lipid modification significantly affects its strength. However, no studies have characterize the fatty acyl residue (FA) composition of the VM, and reports of VM isolation and quantified lipid content are inconsistent. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: (1) to develop a washing and isolation method that removes residual yolk from VM without damage; (2) to determine the FA and lipid composition of CLA‐rich egg yolk VM, relative to controls; (3) to determine the effect of 20 days of refrigeration on VM FA and lipid composition. To determine VM FA and lipid composition, 36 hens received either a corn‐soybean meal‐based control diet (“Control”), or the Control supplemented with either 10 % soy oil (“Soy control”), or 10 % CLA‐rich soy oil (“CLA”) for 30 days. VM were analyzed the day of collection (“fresh”), or after 20 days of refrigeration (“refrigerated”). There were no differences in FA compositions of fresh and refrigerated membranes within a treatment. CLA‐rich yolk VM contains CLA, greater SFA, and significantly greater DHA relative to controls. Direct MALDI‐TOF–MS identified 15 phosphatidylcholines, three phosphatidylethanolamines, one sphingomyelin, and 15 triacylglycerols in VM. Lipid species that showed significant differences among egg types included nine phosphatidylcholines and six triacylglycerols. MALDI analysis indicated significant differences in nine lipid classes on the VM inner layer. After refrigeration, five lipid classes on the inner layer and seven lipid classes on the outer layer had statistically significant differences among VM types.
Crystallization Kinetics of Coconut Oil in the Presence of Sorbitan Esters with Different Fatty Acid Moieties
Authors: Sonwai Sopark , Podchong Pawitchaya , Rousseau Dérick 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSorbitan esters (SEs) are shown to strongly influence the solidification kinetics and fat crystal morphology, but not polymorphic behaviour, of coconut oil (CNO). Solid‐state SEs (sorbitan monopalmitate, monostearate, and tristearate) affect both the high‐ and low‐melting fractions of CNO by decreasing induction time and by increasing crystallization rate as well as the number concentration of crystals. Liquid‐state SEs (sorbitan monoleate and trioleate) and canola oil do not specifically influence the high‐ or low‐melting fraction of CNO but do slow crystallization and lengthen induction time. The influence of sorbitan monolaurate, the only SE with an acyl group similar to that of CNO, is shown to depend on the crystallization temperature. At temperatures below its melting point, it only affects CNO's high‐melting fraction; at temperatures above its melting point, crystallization of both fractions is extensively decelerated. The lack of influence in polymorphic behaviour by any SE confirms no alteration of subcell arrangement, suggesting a lack of complementarity with the crystallizing fat. Overall, these SEs significantly impact the crystallization kinetics of CNO; however, this largely depends on type and concentration.
Characterization of Male and Female Jojoba Plants Employing Antioxidants, Lipid Peroxidation and Physiological Studies
Authors: Kumar Jatin , Heikrujam Monika , Agrawal Veena 
Published: April 2016

AbstractJojoba, [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider] is a commercially important dioecious, desert shrub which is mainly cultivated for liquid wax (oil) present in its seeds (40–60 %). The oil is being utilized by the cosmetic, pharmaceuticals, and other industries for certain formulations. In this study, gender based differences in biochemical and physiological parameters were examined in relation to natural drought conditions. The amount of protein, proline, cysteine, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and enzymatic activities were evaluated in leaves of male and female Jojoba genotypes. Significant differences between genders were found which was attributed to higher drought tolerance of males than females. Males showed higher contents of protein (113.05 ± 0.88 mg g−1 FW), proline (95.13 ± 2.33 µmol g−1 FW), cysteine (42.47 ± 2.69 µmol g−1 FW) than females (proteins: 70.77 ± 0.52 mg g−1 FW, proline: 66.61 ± 1.75 µmol g−1 FW, cysteine: 17.84 ± 3.00 µmol g−1 FW). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was lower in male genotypes (18.29 ± 0.53 µmol g−1 FW) than female genotypes (23.02 ± 0.70 µmol g−1 FW). Higher activities of catalase (CAT) [0.088 ± 0.005 nkat mg−1 protein], guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) [0.006 ± 0.001 nkat mg−1 protein], glutathione reductase (GR) [9.02 ± 0.04 nkat mg−1 protein], ascorbate peroxidase (APX) [4.28 ± 0.08 nkat mg−1 protein] and superoxide dismutase (SOD) [151.75 ± 3.58 nkat mg−1 protein] were found in males compared to females [CAT: 0.007 ± 00 nkat mg−1 protein, GPX: 0.003 ± 00 nkat mg−1 protein, GR: 6.40 ± 0.06 nkat mg−1 protein, APX: 3.08 ± 0.06 nkat mg−1 protein, SOD: 52.51 ± 1.73 nkat mg−1 protein]. Chlorophyll b content was also higher in males than females.
Dedicated Energy Crops and Crop Residues for Bioenergy Feedstocks in the Central and Eastern USA
Authors: Mitchell R. B. , Schmer M. R. , Anderson W. F. , Jin V. , Balkcom K. S. , Kiniry J. , Coffin A. , White P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDedicated energy crops and crop residues will meet herbaceous feedstock demands for the new bioeconomy in the Central and Eastern USA. Perennial warm-season grasses and corn stover are well-suited to the eastern half of the USA and provide opportunities for expanding agricultural operations in the region. A suite of warm-season grasses and associated management practices have been developed by researchers from the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and collaborators associated with USDA Regional Biomass Research Centers. Second generation biofuel feedstocks provide an opportunity to increase the production of transportation fuels from recently fixed plant carbon rather than from fossil fuels. Although there is no “one-size-fits-all” bioenergy feedstock, crop residues like corn (Zea maysL.) stover are the most readily available bioenergy feedstocks. However, on marginally productive cropland, perennial grasses provide a feedstock supply while enhancing ecosystem services. Twenty-five years of research has demonstrated that perennial grasses like switchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.) are profitable and environmentally sustainable on marginally productive cropland in the western Corn Belt and Southeastern USA.
Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) accelerate diabetic wound healing via the Notch signalling pathway
Authors: Yang Rong-Hua , Qi Shao-Hai , Shu Bin , Ruan Shu-Bin , Lin Ze-Peng , Lin Yan , Shen Rui , Zhang Feng-Gang , Chen Xiao-Dong , Xie Ju-Lin 
Published: April 2016

Chronic, non-healing wounds are a major complication of diabetes. Recently, various cell therapies have been reported for promotion of diabetic wound healing. Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) are considered a powerful tool for tissue therapy. However, the effect and the mechanism of the therapeutic properties of ESCs in the diabetic wound healing are unclear. Herein, to determine the ability of ESCs to diabetic wound healing, a dorsal skin defect in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) mouse model was used. ESCs were isolated from mouse skin. We found that both the mRNA and protein levels of a Notch ligand Jagged1 (Jag1), Notch1 and Notch target gene Hairy Enhancer of Split-1 (Hes1) were significantly increased at the wound margins. In addition, we observed that Jag1 was high expressed in ESCs. Overexpression of Jag1 promotes ESCs migration, whereas knockdown Jag1 resulted in a significant reduction in ESCs migration in vitro. Importantly, Jag1 overexpression improves diabetic wound healing in vivo. These results provide evidence that ESCs accelerate diabetic wound healing via the Notch signalling pathway, and provide a promising potential for activation of the Notch pathway for the treatment of diabetic wound.