bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prehospital transfusion of red cell concentrates in a paramedic‐staffed helicopter emergency medical service
Authors: Heschl Stefan , Andrew Emily , de Wit Anthony , Bernard Stephen , Kennedy Marcus , Smith Karen ,   on behalf of the Study Investigators
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe optimal volume and type of intravenous fluid for the treatment of blood loss in the prehospital setting is controversial. The use of red cell concentrates (RCCs) may be associated with improved outcomes; however, the administration of blood products is limited to physicians in many jurisdictions. We sought to describe the characteristics of RCC transfusions in a paramedic‐staffed helicopter emergency medical system in Victoria, Australia.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of all cases where paramedics consulted the responsible physician for approval of RCC transfusion between July 2011 and December 2015 in Victoria, Australia. Ambulance data was retrieved from electronic patient care records and hospital and outcome data was retrieved from a state‐wide trauma registry.ResultsA total of 180 primary missions was identified where paramedics requested approval for transfusion of RCCs during the study period. A total of 150 patients received prehospital RCCs, of which 136 had suffered trauma. The majority of these patients were male (66.7%) and were involved in a car accident (62.5%). Most (97.4%) patients had an Injury Severity Score ≥12. There were improvements in median systolic blood pressure (80 mmHg vs 94 mmHg, P < 0.001) and shock index (1.50 vs 1.23, P < 0.001) between time of consultation and arrival at hospital. Overall, mortality for trauma patients was 37.7%. There were no transfusion‐related complications identified.ConclusionPrehospital transfusion of RCC by paramedics is feasible. Future studies should compare the outcomes of patients receiving prehospital RCCs with outcomes for patients in which RCCs are administered in hospital.
Treatment efficacy of a probiotic preparation for non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis: A pilot trial
Authors: Manzhalii Elina , Virchenko Oleksandr , Falalyeyeva Tetyana , Beregova Tetyana , Stremmel Wolfgang 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effect of a probiotic cocktail containing Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria and Streptococcus thermophilus on non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).METHODSIn this open‐label trial, 75 patients with NASH fed a low‐fat/low‐calorie diet were randomly divided into the control group and experimental group, with the latter receiving the probiotic cocktail once daily for 12 weeks.RESULTSAll patients were diagnosed with fatty liver by ultrasound examination and had elevated levels of γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and slightly increased body mass index (BMI) and cholesterol levels. BMI and serum cholesterol were reduced by the low‐fat/low‐calorie diet but ALT was not. However, the short‐term (12‐week) treatment with the probiotic cocktail caused a significant (by >20%) reduction of serum ALT compared with controls, indicating mitigation of inflammation. Accordingly, liver stiffness was decreased in the probiotic‐treated group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, a more significant decrease in the BMI and serum cholesterol was observed in the probiotic‐treated group compared with control (P < 0.05). However, the reduction of GGT as a steatosis marker was insignificant. The composition of stool microbiota in probiotic‐treated patients demonstrated a shift towards a normal pattern for all bacterial species examined. No adverse events were observed in any patient during the trial.CONCLUSIONShort‐term treatment with the probiotic cocktail caused significant improvement of liver inflammation without adverse events and, thus, may represent a promising candidate therapeutic approach for NASH.
Impacts of Bakken Shale Oil Development on Regional Water Uses and Supply
Authors: Lin Zhulu , Lin Tong , Lim Siew Hoon , Hove Michael H. , Schuh William M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Bakken shale play in western North Dakota is one of the largest unconventional oilfields in the United States, but published research about impacts on the region's water resources is rare. In this study, besides examining North Dakota water management policies and activities, we also analyzed three datasets: the Bakken horizontal well completion data (2008‐2014), North Dakota permitted water consumption data (2000‐2014), and groundwater level and streamflow observations in western North Dakota (2000‐2014). We found from 2008 to 2014, the annual total industrial water uses for Bakken shale oil development ranged between 0.5 and 10% of statewide total consumptive water use. The percentage increases were between 3.0 and 40% within the Bakken oil production region. The increased population of temporary oilfield service workers contributed additional domestic water use, which was equivalent to ~15% of annual industrial water use for the shale oil development in the Bakken. Despite being in a semiarid region, the impact of Bakken development on regional water supply was limited because the water in the Bakken was adaptively managed and the region received on average over 20% more precipitation than normal during 2008‐2014. Of the 15 glaciofluvial aquifers under study, 12 have seen water levels increasing or unchanged and the water levels for the remaining 3 aquifers have decreased.
Genotyping‐by‐sequencing for estimating relatedness in nonmodel organisms: Avoiding the trap of precise bias
Authors: Attard Catherine R. M. , Beheregaray Luciano B. , Möller Luciana M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThere has been remarkably little attention to using the high resolution provided by genotyping‐by‐sequencing (i.e., RADseq and similar methods) for assessing relatedness in wildlife populations. A major hurdle is the genotyping error, especially allelic dropout, often found in this type of data that could lead to downward‐biased, yet precise, estimates of relatedness. Here, we assess the applicability of genotyping‐by‐sequencing for relatedness inferences given its relatively high genotyping error rate. Individuals of known relatedness were simulated under genotyping error, allelic dropout and missing data scenarios based on an empirical ddRAD data set, and their true relatedness was compared to that estimated by seven relatedness estimators. We found that an estimator chosen through such analyses can circumvent the influence of genotyping error, with the estimator of Ritland (Genetics Research, 67, 175) shown to be unaffected by allelic dropout and to be the most accurate when there is genotyping error. We also found that the choice of estimator should not rely solely on the strength of correlation between estimated and true relatedness as a strong correlation does not necessarily mean estimates are close to true relatedness. We also demonstrated how even a large SNP data set with genotyping error (allelic dropout or otherwise) or missing data still performs better than a perfectly genotyped microsatellite data set of tens of markers. The simulation‐based approach used here can be easily implemented by others on their own genotyping‐by‐sequencing data sets to confirm the most appropriate and powerful estimator for their data.
Petrology, Geochemistry and Zircon U‐Pb Geochronology of the Xiangshan Group in the Eastern Hexi Corridor Belt: Implications for Provenance and Tectonic Evolution
Authors: ZHAO Xiaochen , LIU Chiyang , WANG Jianqiang , DUAN Liang , ZHAO Yan , ZHANG Qihang , LUO Wei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe eastern Hexi Corridor Belt (HCB) is located in the transitional belt among the Alxa Block, the Qilian Orogenic Belt and the North China Block. Because of its unique tectonic location, the tectonic setting, provenance, and even the age of the sedimentary strata in the eastern HCB during the Early Paleozoic remain controversial. This study analyzes the provenance of the poorly studied Xiangshan Group, discusses its age of development and tectonic setting in the eastern HCB using a combination of petrological, geochemical and LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb zircon dating methods. Based on the youngest age peaks and the fossil evidence, we suggest that the Xiangshan Group is Middle Cambrian to Late Ordovician in age. The complexity of the geochemical characteristics and associated diagrams suggests that the early stage of the Xiangshan Group developed in a passive continental margin environment, late in the back‐arc basin of the eastern HCB. Based on the sandstone detrital composition, whole‐rock geochemistry and detrital zircon ages, we conclude that the Xiangshan Group had an early provenance that was mainly from the Qilian Block and a late provenance from the Qilian Block and the western Alxa Block. The eastern HCB and its northern and southern blocks have similar palaeontology, lithology and basement age characteristics to the South China Block. This indicates that the eastern HCB might not have formed in the intra‐continental aulacogen of the North China Block during the Early Paleozoic but has a close affinity to eastern Gondwana.
Geochemical Characteristics of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin, China and its Significance for Hydrocarbon Accumulation
Authors: XIE Zengye , LI Jian , LI Zhisheng , GUO Jianying , LI Jin , ZHANG Lu , DONG Caiyuan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe alternative development of coal‐bearing hydrocarbon source rocks and low‐porosity and low‐permeability tight sandstone reservoirs of the Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin is favorable for near‐source hydrocarbon accumulation. The natural gas composition of the Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin is dominated by hydrocarbon gases, of which the methane content is 80.16%–98.67%. Typically, the C2+ content is larger than 5% in main wet gas. The dry gas is mainly distributed in the western and northern regions of the basin. The non‐hydrocarbon gases mainly contain nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and helium, with a total content of <2%. The carbon isotope ranges of methane and its homologues in natural gas are: δ13C1 of −43.8‰ to −29.6‰, δ13C2 of −35.4‰ to −21.5‰, δ13C3 of −27.6‰ to −19.8‰, and δ13C4 of −27.7‰ to −18.8‰. δ13C3>δ13C4 occurs in some natural gas with a low evolution degree; such gas is mainly coal‐related gas from humic‐type source rocks of the Xujiahe Formation. As for the natural gas, δ2HCH4 values ranged from −195‰ to −161‰, δ2HC2H6 values ranged from −154‰ to −120‰, and δ2HC3H8 values ranged from −151‰ to −108‰. The dry coefficient, δ13C and δ2HCH4 are all positively correlated with the maturity of source rocks. The higher the maturity of source rocks is, the larger the natural gas dry coefficient is and the larger the δ13C and δ2HCH4 values are, indicative of the characteristic of near‐source accumulation. The δ2HC2H6 value of natural gas is influenced by paleosalinity to a relatively large extent; the higher the paleosalinity is, the larger the δ2HC2H6 value is. The Pr/Ph value of the condensate oil ranged from 1.60 to 3.43, illustrating light oxidization–light reduction and partial‐oxidization characteristics of the depositional environment of coal‐bearing source rocks of the Xujiahe Formation. The natural gas light hydrocarbon (C5–C7) from the Xujiahe Formation presented two characteristics: the first was the relatively high aromatic hydrocarbon content (19%–32.1%), which reveals the characteristic of natural gas with humic substances of high‐maturity; the second was the low content of aromatic hydrocarbon (0.4%–9.3%), reflecting water‐washing during the accumulation of the natural gas. The reported research outcomes indicate a potential mechanism for natural gas accumulation in the Xujiahe Formation, which will further guide natural gas exploration in this region.
Ketogenic Diet Suppresses Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Rats
Authors: Dencker Ditte , Molander Anna , Thomsen Morgane , Schlumberger Chantal , Wortwein Gitta , Weikop Pia , Benveniste Helene , Volkow Nora D. , Fink‐Jensen Anders 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundAlcohol use disorder is underdiagnosed and undertreated, and up to 50% of alcohol‐abstinent patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence relapse within the first year of treatment. Current treatments for the maintenance of alcohol abstinence in patients with alcohol use disorder have limited efficacy, and there is an urgent need for novel treatment strategies. Decreased cerebral glucose metabolism and increased brain uptake of acetate were recently reported in heavy drinkers, relative to controls. Given the switch of metabolic fuel from glucose to acetate in the alcohol‐dependent brain, we investigated the potential therapeutic benefit of a ketogenic diet in managing alcohol withdrawal symptoms during detoxification.MethodsMale Sprague Dawley rats fed either ketogenic or regular diet were administered ethanol or water orally, twice daily for 6 days while the diet conditions were maintained. Abstinence symptoms were rated 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the last alcohol administration.ResultsMaintenance on a ketogenic diet caused a significant decrease in the alcohol withdrawal symptoms' “rigidity” and “irritability.”ConclusionsOur preclinical pilot study suggests that a ketogenic diet may be a novel approach for treating alcohol withdrawal symptoms in humans.
Comparison of three fixation methods in treatment of tibial fracture in adolescents
Authors: Lin Lixiang , Liu Yang , Lin Chuanlu , Zhou Yifei , Feng Yongzeng , Shui Xiaolong , Yu Kehe , Lu Xiaolang , Hong Jianjun , Yu Yang 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundTibial fractures are the most common musculoskeletal injury in adolescents. The optimal management of tibial fractures in adolescents is controversial. In this study, we compared the outcomes including complications of three fixation methods in tibial fractures of adolescents and explored the factors associated with the complications.MethodsA retrospective cohort study about 83 diaphyseal tibial fractures in 79 children and adolescents, who were treated with plate fixation (PF), elastic stable intramedullary nail fixation (ESINF), or external fixation (EF), was conducted. After adjustment for age, weight, energy of the injury, polytrauma, fracture level and pattern, and extent of comminution, treatment outcomes were compared in accordance with the length of the hospital stay, time to union, and complication rates including many factors.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 13.4 years, and their mean weight was 44.2 kg. There was a loss of reduction in two of 33 fractures treated with ESINF and four of 13 treated with EF (P < 0.001). At the time of final follow‐up, three patients (two treated with EF and one treated with ESINF) had ≥2.0 cm of shortening. Four of the 32 patients (33 fractures) treated with ESINF underwent a reoperation (two due to loss of reduction and one each because of delayed union and nonunion). Six patients treated with EF required a reoperation (four due to loss of reduction, one for malunion and one for replacement of a pin complicated by infection). Two fracture treated with PF required refixation attributing to nonunion and malunion. A multivariate analysis with adjustment for baseline differences showed that EF was associated with a 7.56‐times (95% confidence interval 3.74–29.87) greater risk of loss of reduction and/or malunion than ESINF.ConclusionsAll three treatments had satisfactory outcomes, and EF was correlated with the highest rate of complications in our series of adolescents treated with a tibial fracture. However, we cannot currently recommend that all fractures might be suitable for ESINF. The choice of fixation will remain influenced by surgeon preference in term of expertise and experience, patient and fracture characteristics, and patients and family preferences.
Zopilotes, Alacranes, y Hormigas(Vultures, Scorpions, and Ants): Animal Metaphors as Organizational Politics in a Nicaraguan Garbage Crisis
Authors: Nading Alex M. , Fisher Josh 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhile scholars frequently frame conflicts over urban waste in terms of a politics of infrastructure, this article frames such conflicts in terms of a politics of organization. In 2008, self‐employed recyclers in and around Managua, Nicaragua blockaded local dumps in an effort to secure rights to scavenge for resellable material. Over the course of this “garbage crisis”, a material and semiotic entanglement of human labor organization with animal ecology became politically salient. At different points, recyclers were compared to ants (hormigas), vultures (zopilotes), and scorpions (alacranes). State officials, NGOs, and recyclers themselves used these animal metaphors to describe the organization of waste collection. Drawing on theories of value from political ecology and economic anthropology, as well as analysis of the deployment of these “organic” metaphors, we outline an “organizational politics” of urban waste.
Hypoxia challenge test and retinal circulation changes – a study using ocular coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Sousa David Cordeiro , Leal Inês , Moreira Susana , Dionísio Patrícia , Abegão Pinto Luís , Marques‐Neves Carlos 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposePrevious studies report that the response of retinal vessels to a decrease in oxygen (hypoxia) is vasodilation, thus increasing blood flow. We aimed to characterize the changes in retinal microvasculature induced by a mild hypoxia stress test in a healthy population, using ocular coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A) technology.MethodsInterventional repeated‐measures study. The standardized hypoxia challenge test (HCT) was performed to all volunteers, according to the British Thoracic Society protocol. Ocular coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A) was performed at three time‐points (baseline, during HCT and 30′ posthypoxia). Macular and peripapillary vessel densities were assessed using the built‐in software. To minimize bias, analysis was performed separately in right (OD) and left (OS) eyes. Repeated‐measures anova and mean comparison analysis were used as statistical tests (stata v13).ResultsStudied population included 30 healthy subjects (14 women), with a mean age of 28.8 ± 4.2 [range 22–37] years. Baseline vessel density increased in hypoxic conditions and subsequently decreased to near‐baseline values in posthypoxia conditions. This pattern was observed for both eyes in both parafovea (OD: 55.3 ± 2.3 to 56.7 ± 1.9 to 55.8 ± 1.9, p < 0.05; OS: 56.9 ± 2.1 to 57.9 ± 1.9 to 57.3 ± 1.7, p < 0.05) and peripapillary (OD: 60.5 ± 0.5 to 62.6 ± 0.5 to 60.1 ± 0.4, p < 0.05; OS: 60.4 ± 0.4 to 62.3 ± 0.5 to 60.7 ± 0.4, p < 0.05) areas.ConclusionTo our knowledge, there are no published data specifically addressing mild hypoxia conditions and retinal microvasculature changes, using OCT‐A. This pilot study may pave way to better understand vascular responses in disease setting.
Assessment of interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐Α levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid among waterpipe (narghile) smokers and never‐smokers with peri‐implantitis
Authors: Abduljabbar Tariq , Akram Zohaib , Vohra Fahim , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Javed Fawad 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundIt is hypothesized that levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α are significantly higher in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) of waterpipe‐smokers (WS) compared with never‐smokers with peri‐implantitis.PurposeThe aim of the present convenience sample case‐control study was to compare the levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α in the PISF of WS and never‐smokers with peri‐implantitis.Materials and MethodsDemographic data was collected using a questionnaire. Peri‐implant probing depth (PPD) was measured and crestal bone loss (CBL) was measured on digital bitewing radiographs. PISF samples were collected using paper strips and the collected PISF volume was determined. levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Study sample‐size was estimated and statistical analysis was performed. P values less than .05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsSixty‐six individuals (33 individuals in group‐1 and 33 in group‐2) were included. In groups 1 and 2, 41 and 44 implants, respectively were placed. The mean total PPD (P < .001) and peri‐implant CBL (P < .001) was statistically significantly higher around implants affected by peri‐implantitis in group‐1 compared with group‐2. The PISF volume (P < .05) collected and levels of IL‐1β (P < .01), IL‐6 (P < .01), and TNF‐α (P < .01) were statistically significantly higher among individuals in group‐1 compared with group‐2.ConclusionWS with peri‐implantitis present increased expression of local proinflammatory cytokines in the PISF than never‐smokers.
Pelvic local recurrence from colorectal cancer: surgical challenge with changing preconditions
Authors: Iversen H. , Martling A. , Johansson H. , Nilsson P. J. , Holm T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimAlthough the rate of local recurrence (LR) after colorectal cancer surgery has decreased, it still poses major surgical and oncological challenges. The aims of this study, based on an audit from a tertiary referral centre, was to evaluate determinants associated with outcomes after surgery for pelvic LR and how these have changed over time.MethodRetrospective analysis of all resections for pelvic LR of colorectal cancer performed at the Karolinska University Hospital from January 2003 until August 2009 (period 1) and from September 2009 until November 2013 (period 2) .ResultsNinety‐five patients with pelvic LR were operated on with a curative intent. An R0 resection was achieved in 77% and an R1 resection in 23%. Lateral compartments were invaded in 48% and this proportion increased in resections performed in period 2 (37% vs 60%, P = 0.05). R1 resections were associated with a higher risk of local re‐recurrence than R0 resections (64% vs 16%; OR = 8.90, 95% CI: 2.71–29.78). Lateral recurrences were associated with a lower R0‐resection rate than nonlateral recurrences (63% vs 90%; OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.64) and a higher risk of treatment failure in terms of local re‐recurrence or distant metastases, or death, as first event (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.06–2.75). However, in a multivariate analysis only R1 resections remained a significant prognostic factor for treatment failure (HR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.32–4.27).ConclusionThe proportion of lateral pelvic recurrences has increased over time. In comparison with non‐lateral LRs, lateral LRs are more difficult to resect radically and are associated with worse overall and disease‐free survival. However, with radical surgery many patients with pelvic locally recurrent colorectal cancer may be offered curative treatment.
“Economies of Experience”—Disambiguation of Degraded Stimuli Leads to a Decreased Dispersion of Eye‐Movement Patterns
Authors: Król Magdalena Ewa , Król Michał 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate “economies of experience” in eye‐movement patterns—that is, optimization of eye‐movement patterns aimed at more efficient and less costly visual processing, similar to the priming‐induced formation of sparser cortical representations or reduced reaction times. Participants looked at Mooney‐type, degraded stimuli that were difficult to recognize without prior experience, but easily recognizable after exposure to their undegraded versions. As predicted, eye‐movement dispersion, velocity, and the number of fixations decreased with each stimulus presentation. Further analyses showed that this effect was contingent on recognition, and the selection of information from the stimulus could be informed by the identity of the presented object. Finally, our study demonstrates that after exposure to the undegraded version of the stimulus, eye‐movement patterns associated with its degraded and undegraded versions become more similar. This suggests that eye‐movement patterns can evolve to facilitate the optimal processing of a given stimulus via experience‐driven perceptual learning.