bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in posttraumatic growth and grief reactions among adolescents by relationship with the deceased
Authors: Hirooka Kayo , Fukahori Hiroki , Ozawa Miwa , Akita Yumi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine three hypotheses: (1) adolescents who had experienced the death of a parent would report higher grief reactions than those who had lost a grandparent; (2) adolescents who experienced the death of a parent would report higher posttraumatic growth than those who had lost a grandparent; and (3) posttraumatic growth and grief reactions are positively associated.BackgroundTo date, no study has investigated adolescents' posttraumatic growth by their relationship with the deceased.DesignCross‐sectional web‐based survey.MethodsParticipants were adolescents who had experienced the death of a parent or grandparent in the last 5 years. Participants completed the Japanese version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and grief reaction items. We conducted a web‐based survey during January 2014. We used Pearson product–moment correlations to examine the association between each Posttraumatic Growth Inventory domain and each grief reaction item. Differences in the relationship with the deceased for each Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and grief reaction item were compared with an independent‐sample t‐test.ResultsParticipants (n = 124) reported grief reactions including ‘I began to get frustrated at the little things’ (43·5%), ‘It was difficult to go to school’ (41·1%) and ‘I was not able to sleep at night’ (33·9%). The independent t‐test indicated that parentally bereaved adolescents reported higher posttraumatic growth and grief reactions than those who had lost a grandparent. Pearson's bivariate analysis showed an association between grief reactions and posttraumatic growth.ConclusionParentally bereaved adolescents reported higher posttraumatic growth and grief reactions. Nurses should ensure bereaved adolescents receive appropriate support.
Prevalence and characteristics ofStaphylococcus aureusand methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureusnasal colonization among a community‐based diabetes population in Foshan, China
Authors: Lin Jialing , Xu Ping , Peng Yang , Lin Dongxin , Ou Qianting , Zhang Ting , Bai Chan , Ye Xiaohua , Zhou Junli , Yao Zhenjiang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionEvidence suggests that diabetes might cause an increase in colonization ofStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and methicillin‐resistantS. aureus(MRSA) in community settings. We carried out a cross‐sectional study to determine the prevalence and influencing factors ofS. aureusandMRSAnasal colonization among a community‐based diabetes population, and to identify the characteristics of the isolated strains.Materials and MethodsA total of 956 participants from 11 community settings were included in the study.ResultsOf the 529 diabetes participants, 46 were colonized withS. aureusand 22 were colonized withMRSA. Of the 427 non‐diabetes participants, 25 were colonized withS. aureusand 12 were colonized withMRSA. Men (odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.20–0.99,P= 0.047) were less likely to haveS. aureusnasal colonization, and those with well‐controlled blood glucose (odds ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.01–4.13,P= 0.047) among the diabetes population were more likely to haveS. aureusnasal colonization. The proportion of multidrug‐resistantS. aureusstrains in the diabetes population (52.17%) was higher than that in the non‐diabetes population (28.00%; χ2= 3.848,P= 0.050). The most common clonal complex type and Staphylococcal chromosome cassettemectype ofMRSAin diabetes population was clonal complex 5 (40.91%) and typeIV(27.27%), respectively. The proportion of Panton–Valentine leukocidin gene inMRSAstrains was 17.65%. There was great sequence type diversity inMRSAstrains.ConclusionsThe prevalence ofMRSAin the community‐based diabetes population was moderate, and the high proportions of multidrug‐resistantS. aureusstrains and diverse molecular characteristics in the diabetes population should be noticed.
Assessing the Climate Effects of Biofuels Using Integrated Assessment Models, Part I: Methodological Considerations
Authors: Plevin Richard J. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryEstimates of the climate‐change mitigation benefits of biofuels are varied and controversial. Some analysts rely on attributional life cycle assessment (ALCA), limiting the analytic scope to the direct supply chain, whereas others supplement an ALCA result with an estimate of land‐use change (LUC) emissions intensity. Other analysts have used consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA), with methods ranging from static market assessments to identify the likely marginal product and supplier, to running partial and general equilibrium models to estimate changes in global production and consumption. In this article, we consider another alternative—using an integrated assessment model (IAM) as a platform for CLCA of biofuels. In this article (part I of II), we focus on the methodological challenges of this approach. In part II, we present a case study using one IAM—the global change assessment model (GCAM)—to estimate the climate effects of several biofuels.
Consequences of Future Data Center Deployment in Canada on Electricity Generation and Environmental Impacts: A 2015–2030 Prospective Study
Authors: Dandres Thomas , Vandromme Nathan , Obrekht Glasha , Wong Andy , Nguyen Kim Khoa , Lemieux Yves , Cheriet Mohamed , Samson Réjean 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe environmental impacts of data centers that provide information and communication technologies (ICTs) services are strongly related to electricity generation. With the increasing use of ICT, many data centers are expected to be built, causing more absolute impacts on the environment. Given that electricity distribution networks are very complex and dynamic systems, an environmental evaluation of future data centers is uncertain. This study proposes a new approach to investigate the consequences of future data center deployment in Canada and optimize this deployment based on the Energy 2020 technoeconomic model in combination with life cycle assessment methodology. The method determines specific electricity sources that will power the future Canadian data centers and computes related environmental impacts based on several indicators. In case‐study scenarios, the largest deployment of data centers leads to the smallest impact per megawatt of data centers for all of the environmental indicators. It is found that an increase in power demand by data centers would lead to a reduction in electricity exports to the United States, driving the United States to generate more electricity to meet its energy demand. Given that electricity generation in the United States is more polluting than in Canada, the deployment of data centers in Canada is indirectly linked to an increase in overall environmental impacts. However, though an optimal solution should be found to mitigate global greenhouse gas emissions, it is not clear whether the environmental burden related to U.S. electricity generation should be attributed to the Canadian data centers.
An integrative review of health‐related quality of life in patients with critical limb ischaemia
Authors: Monaro Susan , West Sandra , Gullick Janice 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine the domains and the domain‐specific characteristics within a peripheral arterial disease health‐related quality of life framework for their usefulness in defining critical limb ischaemia health‐related quality of life.BackgroundCritical Limb Ischaemia presents a highly individualised set of personal and health circumstances. Treatment options include conservative management, revascularisation or amputation. However, the links between treatment decisions and quality of life require further investigation.DesignThe framework for this integrative review was the peripheral arterial disease‐specific health‐related quality of life domains identified by Treat‐Jacobson et al.ResultsThe literature expanded and refined Treat‐Jacobson's framework by modifying the characteristics to better describe health‐related quality of life in critical limb ischaemia.ConclusionsGiven that critical limb ischaemia is a highly individualised situation with powerful health‐related quality of life implications, further research focusing on patient and family‐centred decision‐making relating to therapeutic options and advanced care planning is required.Relevance to clinical practiceA critical limb ischaemia‐specific, health‐related quality of life tool is required to capture both the unique characteristics of this disorder, and the outcomes for active or conservative care among this complex group of patients.
Plagiarism in nursing education: an integrative review
Authors: Lynch Joan , Everett Bronwyn , Ramjan Lucie M , Callins Renee , Glew Paul , Salamonson Yenna 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo identify the prevalence and antecedents of plagiarism within nursing education and approaches to prevention and management.BackgroundThere has been growing media attention highlighting the prevalence of plagiarism in universities, including the academic integrity of undergraduate nursing students. A breach of academic integrity among nursing students also raises further concern with the potential transfer of this dishonest behaviour to the clinical setting.DesignIntegrative review.MethodsA systematic search of five electronic databases including CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source, and ERIC was undertaken. Only primary studies related to plagiarism and nursing students (undergraduate or postgraduate) studying at a tertiary education institution or nursing faculty were included. Both qualitative and quantitative study designs were included.ResultsTwenty studies were included in this review with six key themes identified: (1) prevalence; (2) knowledge, understanding and attitudes; (3) types of plagiarism; (4) antecedents to plagiarism; (5) interventions to reduce or prevent plagiarism; and (6) the relationship between academic honesty and professional integrity. Plagiarism is common among university nursing students, with a difference in perception of this behaviour between students and academics. The review also highlighted the importance of distinguishing between inadvertent and deliberate plagiarism, with differing strategies suggested to address this behaviour. Nevertheless, interventions to reduce plagiarism have not been shown to be effective.ConclusionsThe current punitive approach to plagiarism within nursing faculties has not reduced its occurrence. There is a need to promote awareness, knowledge and provide students with the appropriate referencing skills, to reduce the significant amount of inadvertent plagiarism.Relevance to clinical practiceThe importance of promoting honesty and academic integrity in nursing education is highlighted. Cheating within the academic setting has been associated with dishonesty in the clinical setting, which highlights the importance of nurturing a culture of honesty and integrity at university.
Effects of Evaluator's Fatigue and Level of Expertise on the Global and Analytical Evaluation of Preclinical Tooth Preparation
Authors: Al Amri Mohammad D. , Sherfudhin Haneef R. , Habib Syed R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effects of evaluator fatigue and level of expertise on the grading of preclinical tooth crown preparations, by global and analytical methods of evaluation.Materials and MethodsThe study had a double‐blind design. Two faculty members, each with more than 10 years of clinical and teaching experience, and two demonstrators with no teaching experience evaluated tooth preparations on maxillary central incisors and mandibular first molars. As a test of the effect of fatigue, preparations were globally (subjective grading) and analytically (criteria‐based grading) graded on day 1 (after evaluators had been on duty continuously for 8 hours) and day 2 (in the morning after evaluators had sufficient sleep). Evaluators worked under the same circumstances and did not communicate with each other. The assigned textbooks were used to develop the criteria for grading (rubric) and the predefined exclusion criteria. Grades were recorded and statistically analyzed using statistical software. The paired‐sample t‐test and Mann‐Whitney U test were used for multiple comparisons. Level of significance was set at p ˂ 0.05.ResultsAn inconsistency in preclinical tooth preparation evaluation was found to exist by both global and analytical methods. Junior faculty tended to award higher grades than senior faculty did. Furthermore, higher grades were scored by the analytical method. More clinical and academic experience did not guarantee intra‐ and interexaminer reliability. Younger faculty appeared to tolerate fatigue better than older faculty. Likewise, global evaluation appeared to be more influenced by fatigue than was the analytical method.ConclusionThere were variations in grading, with no consistently preferred grading method. Evaluator performance after continuous 8‐hour duty had no significant effect on preclinical tooth preparation evaluation. Level of expertise did not affect preclinical evaluation regardless of the grading method used.
Phylogenetic analysis of full‐length, early infection, hepatitis C virus genomes among people with intravenous drug use: the InC3 Study
Authors: Rodrigo C. , Eltahla A. A. , Bull R. A. , Luciani F. , Grebely J. , Dore G. J. , Applegate T. , Page K. , Bruneau J. , Morris M. D. , Cox A. L. , Osburn W. , Kim A. Y. , Shoukry N. H. , Lauer G. M. , Maher L. , Schinkel J. , Prins M. , Hellard M. , Lloyd A. R. ,   the InC Collaborative
Published: November 2016

SummaryCross‐continental phylogenetic analysis is important to understand subtle molecular differences of currently circulating hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtypes. Existence of such differences can be crucial in pursuing a universal hepatitis C vaccine. We characterized molecular epidemiology of early HCV infections identified across nine cohorts [North America (n=4), Australia (n=4) and Europe (n=1)] in the International Collaborative of Incident HIV and Hepatitis C in Injecting Cohorts (InC3). One hundred and ninety‐two full‐length HCV genomes were amplified from plasma of incident infections and subjected to next generation sequencing to establish the largest cross‐continental, full‐length acute HCV genomic data set available to date. Genomes from the most common subtypes (1a: n=94, 2b: n=15 and 3a: n=68) were used in phylogenetic analysis. Using full genome trees, 78 sequences (44%) were found to lie within 29 phylogenetic clusters/pairs defined on the basis of molecular similarity of consensus sequences. Of these, 26 each had exclusively Australian or North American sequences indicating a strong geographical bias for molecular similarity. On further analysis of behavioural and demographic associations, binary logistic regression analysis showed that older age and non‐Caucasian ethnicity were significantly associated with clustering. HCV probably evolves in micro‐epidemics within geographically isolated communities.
“What Guarantees Do We Have?” Legal Tolls and Persistent Impunity for Feminicide in Guatemala
Authors: Walsh Shannon Drysdale , Menjívar Cecilia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGuatemala has one of the highest levels of killings of women and impunity for violence against women in the world. Despite laws created to protect women, Guatemala, like other countries, generally fails at implementation. This article examines justice system obstacles in contemporary Guatemala to processing cases of feminicide—killings of women because they are women in a context of impunity—comparing two recent feminicide cases. It argues that the sociopolitical context in Guatemala, including structural violence, widespread poverty, inequality, corruption, and normalization of gender violence against women, generates penalties, or “legal tolls,” that are imposed on victims' families and contribute to impunity through undermining victims' attempts to navigate the justice system. The analysis focuses on the tolls of fear and time: the need to overcome fear of retaliation and the extraordinary time and effort it takes to do so in a corrupt and broken system.
Different thermal preferences for brooding and larval dispersal of two neighboring shrimps in deep‐sea hydrothermal vent fields
Authors: Watanabe Hiromi , Yahagi Takuya , Nagai Yukiko , Seo MiHye , Kojima Shigeaki , Ishibashi Jun‐ichiro , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Fujikura Katsunori , Mitarai Satoshi , Toyofuku Takashi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTemperature is an important factor affecting the distributions and life‐history traits of marine animals. Deep‐sea hydrothermal vents are suitable environments to examine ecologic differences related to temperature, due to the steep temperature gradients around the vents. Rearing experiments under various temperature conditions (5–30 °C) at atmospheric pressure demonstrated a difference in thermal effects on egg hatching and larva in two co‐occurring, vent‐associated alvinocaridid shrimps – the peripherally distributed Alvinocaris longirostris and the centrally distributed Shinkaicaris leurokolos. The duration before hatching became shorter as temperature increased, while the maximum hatching rate occurred at higher temperatures in S. leurokolos (10–20 °C) than in A. longirostris (10 °C). Hatched larvae of both species were negatively buoyant, and larva with normal abdominal length could actively swim and stay suspended in the mid‐ or surface water layers of the culture plates under our experimental conditions. However, no larvae settled or metamorphosed into juveniles under the rearing conditions used in this study. Larvae with shortened abdomens occurred under most of the experimental conditions, although they were less frequent at 10 °C in A. longirostris and 20 °C in S. leurokolos. The maximum survival periods at these temperatures were 88 days in A. longirostris and 30 days in S. leurokolos. These characteristics may cause differences in the distributional ranges of the two species. The present results indicate that temperature is an important factor controlling life‐history traits of vent shrimps.
Influence of wave climate on architecture and landscape characteristics of Posidonia oceanica meadows
Authors: Pace Matthew , Borg Joseph A. , Galdies Charles , Malhotra Amit 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSeagrass meadow characteristics, including distribution, shape, size and within‐meadow architectural features, may be influenced by various physical factors, including hydrodynamic forces. However, such influences have hardly been assessed for meadows of the ecologically important and endemic Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica. The distribution of P. oceanica meadows at five sites in the Maltese Islands was mapped to a depth of c. 15 m using a combination of aerial photography and SCUBA diving surveys. Estimates of wind‐generated wave energy and energy attenuated by depth were computed using the hydrodynamic model WEMo (Wave Exposure Model). Metrics for P. oceanica landscape features were calculated using FRAGSTATS for replicate 2500 m2 subsamples taken from the seagrass habitat maps in order to explore the influence of wave dynamics at the landscape scale. Data on within‐meadow architectural attributes were collected from five sites and analysed for relationships with wave energy. The results indicate that landscape and architectural features of P. oceanica meadows located within the 6–11 m depth range are significantly influenced by wave climate. Posidonia oceanica meadows tend to be patchier and have low overall cover, more complex patch shapes and reduced within‐patch architectural complexity along a wave exposure gradient from low to high energy. The findings from the present study provide new insight into the influence of hydrodynamic factors on the natural dynamism of P. oceanica meadow landscape and architecture, which has implications for the conservation and management of the habitat.
Structural analysis of endothelial projections from mesenteric arteries
Authors: Maarouf Nadia , Sancho Maria , Fürstenhaupt Tobias , Tran Cam Ha , Welsh Donald G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveEndothelial and smooth muscle cells must communicate with one another to regulate arterial diameter. A key structure driving heterocellular communication is the endothelial projection, a thin extension that crosses the internal elastic lamina (IEL) making contact with smooth muscle. This study sought to define the precise structural composition of endothelial projections in the mesenteric circulation.MethodsThird‐ and fourth‐order mesenteric arteries from hamster were prepared for electron microscopy. Electron tomographic approaches were used to generate 3‐D compositional models of endothelial projections.ResultsEndothelial projections were categorized based upon their proximity to smooth muscle or how many projections projected through an IEL hole. Irrespective of the initial categorization, endothelial projections were largely devoid of organelles except for sparse membranous structures observed near the tip, close to potential smooth muscle contact sites. Unexpectedly, it was the base of projections which were rich with organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, vesicles, caveolae, and mitochondria.ConclusionsElectron tomographic techniques suggest that the base of endothelial projections is likely a dynamic site for signal regulation and contractile control. As projections are largely devoid of membranous organelles, their principal function appears to ensure electrical contact between the two cell layers.
Generics, Covert Structure and Logical Form
Authors: Sterken Rachel Katharine 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe standard view amongst philosophers of language and linguists is that the logical form of generics is quantificational and contains a covert, unpronounced quantifier expression Gen. Recently, some theorists have begun to question the standard view and rekindle the competing proposal, that generics are a species of kind‐predication. These theorists offer some forceful objections to the standard view, and new strategies for dealing with the abundance of linguistic evidence in favour of the standard view. I respond to these objections and show that their strategies fail. I offer a novel argument in favour of the standard view that I call the binder argument. The upshot of this argument is that if one rejects the existence of Gen, then one is committed to rejecting the existence of covert structure in general (including domain variables and implicit argument places).
Motivating the Relevance Approach to Conditionals
Authors: Skovgaard‐Olsen Niels 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim is to motivate theoretically a relevance approach to (indicative) conditionals in a comparative discussion of the main alternatives. In particular, it will be argued that a relevance approach to conditionals is better motivated than the suppositional theory currently enjoying wide endorsement. In the course of this discussion, an argument will be presented for why failures of the epistemic relevance of the antecedent for the consequent should be counted as genuine semantic defects (as opposed to be relegated to pragmatics). Furthermore, strategies for dealing with compositionality and the perceived objective purport of indicative conditionals will be put forward.