bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gap Filling of the Coastal Ocean Surface Currents from HFR Data: Application to the Mid-Atlantic Bight HFR Network
Authors: Fredj Erick , Roarty Hugh , Kohut Josh , Smith Michael , Glenn Scott 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHigh-frequency radar (HFR) surface current data are an increasingly utilized tool for capturing complex dynamics of coastal ocean systems worldwide. The radar is uniquely capable of sampling relevant temporal and spatial scales of nearshore processes that impact event response activities and basic coastal ocean research. HFR is a shore-based remote sensing system and is therefore subject to data gaps, which are predominately due to environmental effects, like increased external noise or low signal due to ocean surface conditions. Many applications of these surface current data require that these gaps be filled, such as Lagrangian numerical models, to estimate material transport and dispersion. This study introduces a new penalized least squares regression method based on a three-dimensional discrete cosine transform method to reconstruct hourly HFR surface current data with a horizontal resolution of 6 km. The method explicitly uses both time and space variability to predict the missing value. Furthermore, the method is fast, robust, and requires relatively low computer memory storage. This paper evaluates the method against two scenarios of common data gaps found in HFR networks currently deployed around the world. The validation is based on observed surface current maps along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States with specific vectors removed to replicate these common gap scenarios. The evaluation shows that the new method is robust and particularly well suited to fill a more common scenario with complete data coverage surrounding an isolated data gap. It is shown that the real-time application of the method is suitable for filling data gaps in large oceanography datasets with high accuracy.
The treatment of suicidality in adolescents by psychosocial interventions for depression: A systematic literature review
Authors: Devenish Bethany , Berk Lesley , Lewis Andrew J 
Published: February 2016

Objective: Given depression is a significant risk factor for suicidal behaviour, it is possible that interventions for depression may also reduce the risk of suicide in adolescents. The purpose of this literature review is to determine whether psychological interventions aimed to prevent and/or treat depression in adolescents can also reduce suicidality. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of psychological interventions aimed to prevent and/or treat depression in adolescents in which outcomes for suicidality were reported, using five databases: PsycINFO, Embase, Medline, CINAHL and Scopus. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias. Results: A total of 35 articles pertaining to 12 treatment trials, two selective prevention trials and two universal prevention trials met inclusion criteria. No studies were identified that used a no-treatment control. In both intervention and active control groups, suicidality decreased over time; however, most structured psychological depression treatment interventions did not outperform pharmaceutical or treatment as usual control groups. Depression prevention studies demonstrated small but statistically significant reductions in suicidality. Limitations: Analysis of study quality suggested that at least 10 of the 16 studies have a high risk of bias. Conclusive comparisons across studies are problematic due to differences in measures, interventions, population differences and control groups used. Conclusions: It is unclear whether psychological treatments are more effective than no treatment since no study has used a no-treatment control group. There is evidence to suggest that Cognitive Behavioural Therapy interventions produce pre–post reductions in suicidality with moderate effect sizes and are at least as efficacious as pharmacotherapy in reducing suicidality; however, it is unclear whether these effects are sustained. There are several trials showing promising evidence for family-based and interpersonal therapies, with large pre–post effect sizes, and further evaluation with improved methodology is required. Depression prevention interventions show promising short-term effects.
The Cumulative Lifting Index (CULI) for the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation
Authors: Garg Arun , Kapellusch Jay M. 
Published: February 2016

Objective: The objectives were to: (a) develop a continuous frequency multiplier (FM) for the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation (RNLE) as a function of lifting frequency and duration of a lifting task, and (b) describe the Cumulative Lifting Index (CULI), a methodology for estimating physical exposure to workers with job rotation. Background: The existing FM for the RNLE (FME) does not differentiate between task duration >2 hr and <8 hr, which makes quantifying physical exposure to workers with job rotation difficult and presents challenges to job designers. Method: Using the existing FMs for 1, 2, and 8 hr of task durations, we developed a continuous FM (FMP) that extends to 12 hr per day. We simulated 157,500 jobs consisting of two tasks each and, using different combinations of Frequency Independent Lifting Index, lifting frequency and duration of lifting. Biomechanical stresses were estimated using the CULI, time-weighted average (TWA), and peak exposure. Results: The median difference between FME and FMP was ±1% (range: 0%–15%). Compared to CULI, TWA underestimated risk of low-back pain (LBP) for 18% to 30% of jobs, and peak exposure for an assumed 8-hr work shift overestimated risk of LBP for 20% to 25% of jobs. Peak task exposure showed 90% agreement with CULI but ignored one of two tasks. Conclusion: The CULI partially addressed the underestimation of physical exposure using the TWA approach and overestimation of exposure using the peak-exposure approach. Application: The proposed FM and CULI may provide more accurate physical exposure estimates, and therefore estimated risk of LBP, for workers with job rotation.
Perceived insecurity, mental health and urbanization: Results from a multicentric study
Authors: Luciano M , De Rosa C , Del Vecchio V , Sampogna G , Sbordone D , Atti AR , Bardicchia F , Bertossi F , Calò S , Cava L , Ciafone M , De Fazio P , Di Iorio G , Fantini E , Ferrari S , Ginanneschi A , Gotelli S , Macina A , Mulè A , Papanti D , Pingani L , Pinna F , Piselli M , Signorelli MS , Tarricone I , Tarsitani L , Ventriglio A , Carrà G , Catapano F , Fiorillo A 
Published: February 2016

Aims: This article aims to (1) explore the levels of perceived insecurity in a sample of patients with mood or anxiety disorders and (2) assess whether living in ‘big cities’ can influence the levels of patients’ perceived insecurity and social contacts compared to living in a non-urbanized context. Methods: A total of 24 Italian mental health centers (MHCs) have been invited to participate. Twenty patients consecutively accessing the MHC have been recruited. All patients have been assessed using validated assessment tools. Results: The sample consisted of 426 patients, mostly female, with a mean age of 45 years. Globally, 52.2% of patients had a diagnosis of mood disorders, and 37.8% had anxiety disorders. Half of the sample declared that the main feeling toward life is uncertainty; higher levels of pessimistic views toward life have been detected in patients living in urban areas. A positive association between negative attitudes toward life and higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms, poor social functioning and higher levels of perceived psychological distress has been found. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the presence of a common sense of perceived uncertainty among our sample. Such attitude toward life can have a detrimental impact on patients’ psychological and physical well-being, contributing to high levels of distress.
Exploring communication of traumatic experiences from Khmer Rouge genocide survivors to their offspring: In-depth interviews with both generations
Authors: Melander Marianne , Dahlblom Kjerstin , Jegannathan Bhoomikumar , Kullgren Gunnar 
Published: February 2016

Background: Traumatic events experienced by parents who have survived genocide influence mental health among their offspring. This study aims at exploring how the communication of traumatic events between Khmer Rouge survivors and their offspring was perceived by both generations. Methods: Qualitative interviews were performed with six Khmer Rouge survivors and with six young people representing the second generation and were analysed using a content analysis approach. Discussion: Parents felt that informing their children was important to instill gratitude for living a better life and to empower them. Among children, this was met with empathy but sometimes also disbelief and at times they blamed their parents for being too submissive. Conclusion: The study discloses the complexity, pros and cons of intergenerational sharing of trauma.
Improving local ventilation prediction by accounting for inter-segmental ventilation
Authors: Ismail Nagham , Ghaddar Nesreen , Ghali Kamel 
Published: February 2016

The inter-segmental ventilation rate at clothing inter-connection of arms and trunk affects the estimation of local ventilation rates of these clothed segments. The accurate estimation of the inter-segmental ventilation rate is based on the integration of a connected clothed cylinders model with a bio-heat model to predict a realistic segmental skin temperature. This integration is validated with experiments on a thermal manikin using the tracer gas method. The results show that accounting for the inter-segmental ventilation rate improves the estimation of the segmental ventilation of the arm and the trunk for different garment apertures at external wind velocities less than 4 m/s. For a wind velocity of 1 m/s, the inter-connection increased the trunk ventilation by up to 12% and heat loss by up to 5.46%. A statistical correlation is established for the inter-segmental ventilation rate in terms of the influencing parameters: air permeability, wind velocity, mean air gap size between skin and clothing, and the upper clothing aperture design. Furthermore, a local ventilation rate correction factor equation is developed as a function of the inter-segmental ventilation rate to correct for local ventilation rates when derived from values of isolated/unconnected clothed segments.
The Antidote to Wall Street?
Authors: Schmidt Jalane D. 
Published: February 2016

When revolutionary Cuba’s governmental cultural policy apparatus cast Afro-Cuban religions as “folklore,” certain religious forms, especially Santería, gained visibility in scholarly investigations, publications, documentary films, and state-sponsored cultural programming. Since the 1990s these discursive treatments of Santería have been monetized by the Cuban tourism industry and state-owned manufacturers and repackaged as merchandise that garners the attention and revenues of Cuban consumers and international visitors. This “ethno-business” produces a paradox: Afro-Cuban popular religions—long admired by the nation’s intellectual and artistic avant-garde as subaltern cultural rebuttals of dominant Cuban bourgeois opinion and U.S. economic pressures alike—are now promoted and consumed in a manner that conforms to neoliberal logic. The Cuban state confronts the challenges of late socialism with the methods of late capitalism. To some extent, the commodification of Afro-Cuban religions acts to fortify and extend revolutionary cultural policy. Cuando el aparato de cultura política del gobierno revolucionario cubano calificó las religiones afro-cubanas como “folclore,” ciertas formas religiosas, sobre todo la Santería, adquirieron visibilidad en investigaciones académicas, publicaciones, documentales, y programación cultural estatal. Desde la década de los noventa estos tratos discursivos de la Santería han sido monetizados por la industria turística cubana y los fabricantes estatales y empaquetado como mercancía que atrae atención e ingresos de los consumidores cubanos y las visitas internacionales. Este “etno-negocio” provoca una paradoja: las religiones populares afro-cubanas —largamente admiradas igualmente por la vanguardia intelectual y artística de la nación como refutaciones culturales subalternas de la opinión burgués cubana dominante como por las presiones económicas estadounidenses— son ahora promocionadas y consumidas conforme a la lógica neoliberal. El estado cubano encara los desafíos del socialismo tardío con los métodos del capitalismo tardío. En cierta medida, la mercantilización de las religiones afro-cubanas actúan para fortalecer y extender la política cultural revolucionaria.
New Forms of the Relationship between Politics and Religion
Authors: Suárez Hugo José 
Published: February 2016

Beginning in the 1960s, new forms of living the faith emerged in Latin America that linked it with a political dimension. The Catholic Church changed its pastoral orientation, and ecclesiastical base communities were established as part of an “option for the poor.” The reflection that accompanied this process was known as liberation theology. By the end of the 1970s these communities were organizing conferences, publications, and theological reflections with strong international links and included hundreds of believers both in the countryside and in the city. During the following two decades, they were active participants in the construction of leftist political alternatives. While a minority pastoral practice today, they continue to hold national gatherings and maintain their international contacts. In-depth interviews with three members of ecclesiastical base communities in a working-class neighborhood in Mexico City show how these individuals have built their socio-religious practice and their religious beliefs. Their experience is part of a global reconstitution of belief systems in Mexico that affects all of the salvation enterprises in their various expressions. A partir de la década de los sesenta, nuevas formas de vivir la fe surgieron en América Latina que las asociaron con una dimensión política. La Iglesia Católica Romana cambió su orientación pastoral, y las comunidades eclesiales de base nacieron como parte de una “opción por los pobres”. Se conocía la reflexión que acompañó a este proceso como teología de liberación. Para finales de los setenta estas comunidades estaban organizando congresos, publicaciones, y reflexiones teológicas con fuertes lazos internacionales, comprendiendo centenares de creyentes tanto en la campiña como en la ciudad. Durante las siguientes dos décadas, fueron participantes activas en la construcción de alternativas políticas de izquierda. Si bien es una práctica pastoral minoritaria hoy en día, continúan convocando reuniones nacionales y mantienen sus contactos internacionales. Entrevistas a fondo con tres miembros de comunidades eclesiales de base en un barrio obrero en la ciudad de México demuestran cómo estos individuos han construido su práctica socio-religiosa y sus creencias religiosas, que implican una comprensión de Dios no como juez sino como aliado. Su experiencia forma parte de una reconstrucción de sistemas de creencias en México que afecta a todas las entidades salvíficas en sus varias expresiones.
The Bolivian Climate Justice Movement
Authors: Hicks Kathryn , Fabricant Nicole 
Published: February 2016

The Bolivian Platform against Climate Change is a coalition of civil society and social movement organizations working to address the effects of global warming in Bolivia and to influence the global community. Many of the organizations use indigenous philosophy and worldviews to contest normative conceptions of development. A study of the growth of this movement drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in 2010 reveals a complex relationship between state and nonstate actors that has had a striking impact on the global community despite the failure of multilateral climate change negotiations. La Plataforma Boliviana Frente al Cambio Climático es una coalición de organizaciones de la sociedad civil y movimientos sociales trabajando para abordar los efectos del calentamiento global en Bolivia y para influenciar a la comunidad mundial. Muchas de las organizaciones utilizan filosofía y cosmovisiones indígenas para impugnar concepciones normativas de desarrollo. Un estudio del crecimiento de este movimiento basándose en el trabajo de campo etnográfico en 2010 revela una relación compleja entre actores esta-tales y no estatales que ha tenido un impacto sorprendente sobre la comunidad global a pesar del fracaso de las negociaciones multilaterales sobre el cambio climático.
Cutaneous Strongyloides Infection Postchemotherapy
Authors: Merman Erica , Siddha Sanjay , Keystone Jay S. , Al Habeeb Ayman , Ghazarian Danny , Cy Ajith , Rosen Cheryl F. 
Published: February 2016

Background and Objective: While clinical symptoms of strongyloidiasis are often nonspecific, larva currens (with erythematous, serpiginous, and pruritic papules and plaques) should prompt investigation including stool microscopy, serology, and skin biopsy of the lesion. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment with ivermectin is necessary, especially in the immunocompromised patient who is at increased risk for hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated disease. Conclusion: We present a 61-year-old immunocompromised man with presentation of larva currens of cutaneous strongyloides infection without symptoms of hyperinfection or disseminated disease.
Bio-absorbable antibiotic impregnated beads for the treatment of prosthetic vascular graft infections
Authors: Genovese Elizabeth A , Avgerinos Efthymios D , Baril Donald T , Makaroun Michel S , Chaer Rabih A 
Published: February 2016

Objective There is limited investigation into the use of bio-absorbable antibiotic beads for the treatment of prosthetic vascular graft infections. Our goal was to investigate the rates of infection eradication, graft preservation, and limb salvage in patients who are not candidates for graft explant or extensive reconstruction. Methods A retrospective review of patients implanted with antibiotic impregnated bio-absorbable calcium sulfate beads at a major university center was conducted. Results Six patients with prosthetic graft infections were treated with bio-absorbable antibiotics beads from 2012–2014. Grafts included an aortobifemoral, an aorto-hepatic/superior mesenteric artery, and four extra-anatomic bypasses. Pathogens included Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Half of the patients underwent graft explant with reconstruction and half debridement of the original graft, all with antibiotic bead placement around the graft. Mean follow-up was 7.3 ± 8.3 months; all patients had infection resolution, healed wounds, and 100% graft patency, limb salvage, and survival. Conclusion This report details the successful use of bio-absorbable antibiotic beads for the treatment prosthetic vascular graft infections in patients at high risk for graft explant or major vascular reconstruction. At early follow-up, we demonstrate successful infection suppression, graft preservation, and limb salvage with the use of these beads in a subset of vascular patients.
The Prevalence of Obesity and Elevated Blood Pressure in Adolescent Student Athletes From the State of Mississippi
Authors: Stiefel Eric C. , Field Larry , Replogle William , McIntyre Louis , Igboechi Oduche , Savoie Felix H. 
Published: February 2016

Background: Over the past 30 years, there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity and hypertension in the United States. The prevalence of these diagnoses among individuals participating in school-sanctioned sports has not been clearly defined. Purpose: To identify the prevalence of obesity and elevated blood pressure (BP) among student athletes and investigate associations between race, sex, type and number of sports played, and the prevalence of these diseases. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Pre–sports participation medical examinations (N = 7705) performed between 2009 and 2013 were reviewed to identify the prevalence of obesity and elevated BP and examine relationships between the type of sports played, participation in multiple sports versus a single sport, and the athlete’s body weight and body mass index (BMI). Results: The prevalence of obesity was 23.5%. There was a significant association ( P < .001) between the number of sports played by the student and BMI. The risk of obesity among single-sport athletes was more than 2-fold the risk (relative risk [RR], 2.13) compared with ≥3-sport athletes and 1.42 times greater compared with 2-sport athletes (RR, 1.42). The prevalence of elevated BP was 21.2%. There was a significant association ( P < .001) between the number of sports played by the student and elevated BP. The risk of elevated BP among single-sport athletes was 1.59 times greater (RR, 1.59) than ≥3-sport athletes and 1.30 times greater compared with 2-sport athletes (RR, 1.30). Finally, obese students were 2.40 times more likely to have elevated BP compared with nonobese students ( P < .001). Conclusion: The result of this study confirms the progressive nature of the obesity epidemic and identifies the contribution of obesity to the worsening cardiometabolic profiles in student athletes. The study also identifies that participation in multiple sports and running sports decreases the individual’s risk for obesity and hypertension. Clinical Relevance: The present study emphasizes the importance of screening for obesity and elevated blood pressure during the athlete’s preparticipation physical examination.
Browder and Göhde fixed point theorem for monotone nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Bin Dehaish Buthinah Abdullatif , Khamsi Mohamed Amine 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLet X be a Banach space or a complete hyperbolic metric space. Let C be a nonempty, bounded, closed, and convex subset of X and $T: C \rightarrow C$
T
:
C
→
C
be a monotone nonexpansive mapping. In this paper, we show that if X is a Banach space which is uniformly convex in every direction or a uniformly convex hyperbolic metric space, then T has a fixed point. This is the analog to Browder and Göhde’s fixed point theorem for monotone nonexpansive mappings.
Post-transcriptional regulation mediated by specific neurofilament introns in vivo
Authors: Wang Chen , Szaro Ben G. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Neurons regulate genes post-transcriptionally to coordinate the supply of cytoskeletal proteins, such as the medium neurofilament (NEFM), with demand for structural materials in response to extracellular cues encountered by developing axons. By using a method for evaluating functionality of cis-regulatory gene elements in vivo through plasmid injection into Xenopus embryos, we discovered that splicing of a specific nefm intron was required for robust transgene expression, regardless of promoter or cell type. Transgenes utilizing the nefm 3′-UTR but substituting other nefm introns expressed little or no protein owing to defects in handling of the messenger (m)RNA as opposed to transcription or splicing. Post-transcriptional events at multiple steps, but mainly during nucleocytoplasmic export, contributed to these varied levels of protein expression. An intron of the β-globin gene was also able to promote expression in a manner identical to that of the nefm intron, implying a more general preference for certain introns in controlling nefm expression. These results expand our knowledge of intron-mediated gene expression to encompass neurofilaments, indicating an additional layer of complexity in the control of a cytoskeletal gene needed for developing and maintaining healthy axons.