bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of bacteriophage-induced vaterite formation
Authors: Borkowski Andrzej , Działak Paweł , Berent Katarzyna , Gajewska Marta , Syczewski Marcin D. , Słowakiewicz Mirosław 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study shows how bacterial viruses (bacteriophages, phages) interact with calcium carbonate during precipitation from aqueous solution. Using electron microscopy, epifluorescence microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and image analysis, we demonstrate that bacteriophages can strongly influence the formation of the vaterite phase. Importantly, bacteriophages may selectively bind both amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) and vaterite, and indirectly affect the formation of structural defects in calcite crystallites. Consequently, the surface properties of calcium carbonate phases precipitating in the presence of viruses may exhibit different characteristics. These findings may have significant implications in determining the role of bacterial viruses in modern microbially-rich carbonate sedimentary environments, as well as in biomedical technologies. Finally, the phage-vaterite system, as a biocompatible material, may serve as a basis for the development of promising drug delivery carriers.
Visualizing plasmons and ultrafast kinetic instabilities in laser-driven solids using X-ray scattering
Authors: Ordyna Paweł , Bähtz Carsten , Brambrink Erik , Bussmann Michael , Laso Garcia Alejandro , Garten Marco , Gaus Lennart , Göde Sebastian , Grenzer Jörg , Gutt Christian , Höppner Hauke , Huang Lingen , Hübner Uwe , Humphries Oliver , Marré Brian Edward , Metzkes-Ng Josefine , Miethlinger Thomas , Nakatsutsumi Motoaki , Öztürk Özgül , Pan Xiayun , Paschke-Brühl Franziska , Pelka Alexander , Prencipe Irene , Preston Thomas R. , Randolph Lisa , Schlenvoigt Hans-Peter , Schwinkendorf Jan-Patrick , Šmíd Michal , Starke Sebastian , Štefaníková Radka , Thiessenhusen Erik , Toncian Toma , Zeil Karl , Schramm Ulrich , Cowan Thomas E. , Kluge Thomas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUltra-intense lasers that ionize atoms and accelerate electrons in solids to near the speed of light can lead to kinetic instabilities that alter the laser absorption and subsequent electron transport, isochoric heating, and ion acceleration. These instabilities can be difficult to characterize, but X-ray scattering at keV photon energies allows for their visualization with femtosecond temporal resolution on the few nanometer mesoscale. Here, we perform such experiment on laser-driven flat silicon membranes that shows the development of structure with a dominant scale of 60 nm in the plane of the laser axis and laser polarization, and 95 nm in the vertical direction with a growth rate faster than 0.1 fs−1. Combining the XFEL experiments with simulations provides a complete picture of the structural evolution of ultra-fast laser-induced plasma density development, indicating the excitation of plasmons and a filamentation instability. Particle-in-cell simulations confirm that these signals are due to an oblique two-stream filamentation instability. These findings provide new insight into ultra-fast instability and heating processes in solids under extreme conditions at the nanometer level with possible implications for laser particle acceleration, inertial confinement fusion, and laboratory astrophysics.
Self-assembly of sustainable plant protein protofilaments into a hydrogel for ultra-low friction across length scales
Authors: Pabois Olivia , Dong Yihui , Kampf Nir , Lorenz Christian D. , Doutch James , Avila-Sierra Alejandro , Ramaioli Marco , Mu Mingduo , Message Yasmin , Liamas Evangelos , Tyler Arwen I. I. , Klein Jacob , Sarkar Anwesha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDesigning plant protein-based aqueous lubricants can be of great potential to achieve sustainability objectives by capitalising on inherent functional groups without using synthetic chemicals; however, such a concept remains in its infancy. Here, we engineer a class of self-assembled sustainable materials by using plant-based protofilaments and their assembly within a biopolymeric hydrogel giving rise to a distinct patchy architecture. By leveraging physical interactions, this material offers superlubricity with friction coefficients of 0.004-to-0.00007 achieved under moderate-to-high (102-to-103 kPa) contact pressures. Multiscale experimental measurements combined with molecular dynamics simulations reveal an intriguing synergistic mechanism behind such ultra-low friction - where the uncoated areas of the protofilaments glue to the surface by hydrophobic interactions, whilst the hydrogel offers the hydration lubrication. The current approach establishes a robust platform towards unlocking an untapped potential of using plant protein-based building blocks across diverse applications where achieving superlubricity and environmental sustainability are key performance indicators.
Series arc‐fault diagnosis using convolutional neural network via generalized S‐transform and power spectral density
Authors: Zhang Penghe , Qin Yiwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is difficult to identify an arc fault accurately when the loads on the user side are more complicated, which hinders the development of low‐voltage monitoring and pre‐warning inspection. This study acquired a series of arc‐fault signals according to IEC 62606. The main time‐frequency features were strengthened with high efficiency by applying the generalized S‐transform to them with a bi‐Gaussian window. Further, the power spectrum density determination allowed for the detection of imperceptible high‐frequency harmonic energy reflections, thus increasing the rate of arc‐fault diagnosis and making it suitable for arc‐fault monitoring of non‐linear loads. The final samples were trained and classified using a 2D convolutional neural network and the overall accuracy of identification was observed to be 98.13%, which involved various domestic loads, thus providing a reference for follow‐up arc‐fault monitoring and inspection research.
Adenoma detection rate by colonoscopy in real-world population-based studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fuccio Lorenzo , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário , Fernandes Carlos , Estevinho Manuela , Marques Cruz Manuel , Frazzoni Leonardo , Rodrigues Pedro Pereira 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is a quality indicator set at a minimum of 25% in unselected populations by the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE). Nevertheless, a lack of pooled observational data resembling real-world practice limits support for this threshold. We aimed to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the pooled rates for conventional adenoma detection, polyp detection (PDR), cecal intubation, bowel preparation, and complications in population-based studies.
Methods The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched until May 2023 for populational-based studies reporting overall ADR in unselected individuals. A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis.
Results 31 studies were included, comprising 3 644 561 subjects. A high quality of procedures was noticeable, with a high cecal intubation rate and low complication rate. The overall pooled ADR, PDR, and rate of cancer detection were 26.5% (95%CI 23.3% to 29.7%), 38.3% (95%CI 32.5% to 44.1%), and 2.7% (95%CI 1.5% to 3.9%), respectively. ADR varied according to indication: screening 33.3% (95%CI 24.5% to 42.2%), surveillance 42.9% (95%CI 36.9% to 49.0%), and diagnostic 24.7% (95%CI 19.5% to 29.9%), with subgroup analysis revealing rates of 34.4% (95%CI 22.0% to 40.5%) for post-fecal occult blood test and 26.6% (95%CI 22.6% to 30.5%) for primary colonoscopy screening. Diminutive conventional adenomas yielded a pooled rate of 59.9% (95%CI 43.4% to 76.3%). The pooled rate for overall serrated lesion detection was 12.4% (95%CI 8.8% to 16.0%). Male sex and higher age were significantly associated with an ADR above the benchmark.
Conclusion This first meta-analysis relying on real-world observational studies supports the ESGE benchmark for ADR, while suggesting that different benchmarks might be used according to indication, sex, and age.
Fractional utilization of the 10-minute treadmill test velocity in
running performance
Authors: Antonio Dayanne Sampaio , Krause Maressa Priscilla , Fernando de Borba Edilson , Ulbrich Anderson Zampier , Buzzachera Cosme Franklim , Silva Sergio Gregorio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the 10-minute submaximal
treadmill test (T10 test), a self-paced test, in determining critical speed (CS)
and predicting running performance. Specifically, we sought to identify the
percentage of T10 velocity (vT10) that runners performed in official distance
races, and to compare physiological and performance indicators between sexes. 60
recreational runners (n=34 males and n=26 females) underwent a maximum
incremental test, the novel T10 test, and ran 1200-m and 2400-m on the track.
Runners self-reported their best performance times. Generalized Linear Model was
used to compare running performances between sexes. For both males and females,
the %vT10 in 5 km, 10 km, and half-marathon races occurred at 107.5% and 106.5%,
99.9% and 100.8%, and 92.6% and 97.1%, respectively. There was no interaction
effect (p=0.520) and no main effect of sex (p=0.443). There was a main effect of
distance (p<0.001), indicating that %vT10 in the 5km race differed from that
found in the 10 km race (p=0.012), as well as in the half-marathon (p<0.001).
Our findings suggest that %vT10 values can be used to determine pace in
recreational endurance runners for race distances regardless of sex.
Fluorine-Thiol Displacement Stapling on the Disordered αB of pKID Domain Increases Its Helicity and Affinity to KIX
Authors: Wang Rongsheng E. , Cohen Carson B. , Andrews Andrew J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe development of high-affinity ligands specifically targeting intrinsically disordered protein interactions has remained challenging due to the lack of well-defined binding pockets and shallow binding surfaces commonly found at their interfaces. Here, we employed our fluorine-thiol displacement reaction (FTDR) peptide-stapling platform to synthesize a library of peptide-based ligands derived from the αB-helix of the disordered pKID to target its binding partner KIX. Our library revealed that helical formation and affinity to KIX is highly favored when the αB peptide was stapled at sites corresponding to Arg135 and Ser142, further supporting the hypothesis that stabilization of αB significantly influences the overall binding affinity of pKID to KIX. We also found that the highest binding peptide, αB-RSpS, may form secondary contacts at the MLL site on KIX in addition to binding at the primary pKID site. Lastly, no binding to KIX was observed for any αB-stapled peptide that lacked the conserved helix-flanking prolines Pro132 and Pro146. Conserved helix-flanking prolines have previously been shown to modulate the binding affinities of other disordered domains in other proteins including MLL and p53. However, to our knowledge this is the first evidence within αB of pKID.
Electrochemical Trioxygenation of Allylarenes
Authors: Zhu Chen , Shen Tao , Jiang Yong , Li Yajuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTrioxygenation is a highly effective method for rapidly increasing molecular complexity by incorporating three C–O bonds from simple, readily available raw materials. In this study, we present an electrochemical trioxygenation protocol for allylarenes, which enables the synthesis of a diverse array of triacetoxylation products without external chemical oxidants. These products, which are difficult to obtain through conventional methods, highlight the potential of electrochemistry in promoting sustainable synthesis.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Following Distal Radius Fracture: Does Surgical Method Matter?
Authors: Ludvigsen Trine , Hammer Ola-Lars , Fevang Jonas Meling , Matre Kjell , Dybvig Eva Hansen , Randsborg Per-Henrik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) following surgical treatment of distal radius fractures (DRFs) with either a volar locking plate (VLP) or an external fixator (EF).
Methods Data from two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were merged and analyzed. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for the occurrence of CRPS.
Results A total of 322 patients were included from the two RCTs; 159 patients were operated upon with VLP and 163 patients with EF. CRPS was diagnosed in 6 patients treated with VLP (4%) and in 16 patients receiving EF (11%), overall 22 cases of CRPS (7%). None of the other independent risk factors had a significant influence on the risk for CRPS (all p > 0.05).
Conclusion Patients treated with an EF had a higher risk of developing CRPS compared to those treated with a VLP. We found no other independent variable predicting CRPS.
Level of evidence III.
The Keystone Design Perforator Flap: A Flap to Simplify Complex Reconstructive Issues
Authors: Bonetti Camilla , Arleo Sergio , Valdatta Luigi , Faini Gianpaolo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background The keystone design perforator island flap (KDPIF) was first described by Behan in 2003 as a pliable flap, suitable for all body areas thanks to its curvilinear shape, which made it apt to fit mostly all cutaneous defects.
Materials and Methods In this article, we aim to share our experience using KDPIF for the reconstruction of different defects. A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent cutaneous excision after trauma or tumor resection and reconstruction with a KDPIF at our department from 2020 to 2023 was performed. Patients' characteristics, indications, and operative and postoperative details were analyzed.
Results There was no complete flap loss. One patient experienced partial flap loss without exposure to major structures and needed skin grafting.
Conclusion Mapping of the perforators makes the keystone flap even more manageable, with the possibility to safely stretch and modify its design according to individual necessities.
Certolizumab Pegol in Crohn's Disease Management: A Multicentric Brazilian Observational Study
Authors: Furlan Thaisa Kowalski , Imbrizi Marcello , Magro Daniela , de Castro Paula C. Senger , Nones Rodrigo Bremer , Miranda Eron Fabio , Kotze Paulo G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction and Objectives Certolizumab Pegol (CZP) is an anti-TNF agent approved in Brazil for Crohn's disease (CD). There is a lack of data in Brazil and Latin America detailing real-world experiences with CZP. The primary objective was clinical remission in weeks 26 and 54. The secondary endpoints were clinical response in weeks 26 and 54, endoscopic remission, biological switch rates, rates of CD-related surgery, persistence with treatment over time, and adverse events. Remission and clinical response were defined as HBI ≤4 and ≥3 points reduction of HBI, respectively. Endoscopic remission was defined as the complete healing of the intestinal mucosa.
Methods This observational and retrospective study included patients with CD from 4 Brazilian centers who received CZP during their disease course.
Results Forty-five patients were included. The median age was 42.16 years old, 53.3% had perianal involvement, 37.8% had undergone previous surgery, and 71.1% of patients were anti-TNF naïve. Clinical remission was observed in 73.2% and 62.5% of patients at weeks 26 and 54, respectively. Clinical response was observed in 14.63% and 18.75% in weeks 26 and 54, respectively. Endoscopic remission was observed in 36.4% of patients. A switch to biological therapy was performed in 57.8% of patients. Eleven patients underwent abdominal surgery; 62.25% discontinued treatment with CZP, with a median of 16 months, and 22.2% presented drug-related adverse events.
Conclusions CZP in CD was associated with clinical remission and response rates compatible with international real-world case series. Most patients needed to switch to biological therapy due to inadequate disease control.
Study on the Immunomodulatory effect of Qixian Decoction in an Asthmatic Mice Model Based on Serum Metabolomics
Authors: Li Manman , Chen Qingge , Ni Zhenhua , Le Xinyi , Wu Tong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of Qixian Decoction (QXT) in an asthmatic model. In this study, ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in female SPF BALB/c mice was established. Mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): a control group, an OVA model group, a low-dose Qixian Granules (KLL) group, and a high-dose Qixian Granules (KLH) group. Mice in the KLL and KLH groups were given the Qixian Granules at a dose of 8 and 16 g/kg, respectively. After the treatment, the lung pathology was evaluated. The expression of inflammatory factors was determined. Serum metabolomics was used to investigate the overall regulation of QXT on the metabolism of asthmatic mice. Our data showed that QXT significantly increased the expression levels of Th1-related interferon-γ, Treg-related interleukin (IL)-10, and transforming growth factor-β1 while decreasing Th1-related tumor necrosis factor α levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and Th2-related IL-4 and IL-5 levels in serum when compared with the model group (all p < 0.05). Serum metabolomics revealed 28 potential biomarkers associated with nine pathways. Compared with the control group, 19 different metabolites in the KLL group and 18 different metabolites in the KLH were reversed. QXT's therapeutic effect against asthma might be related to glycerophospholipid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism. In conclusion, QXT could ameliorate inflammation of the OVA-induced asthmatic mice, mainly by regulating the expression of immune-related factors, probably through regulating the Th1/Th2 immune balance and promoting the proliferation of Treg.
Laboratory demonstration of an off-axis optical bench design for future gravity missions
Authors: Peng Bo , Wu Kailan , Wu Jingui , Guo Zhongkai , Wang Yun , Li Ming , Zheng Yongchao , Li Xu , Xia Chenhui , Bai Shaojun , Wang Yiqun , Lin Xuling 
Published: September 2024

The inter-satellite laser ranging interferometer is one of the core components of future gravity missions to achieve high ranging precision. This work builds a preliminary breadboard of the off-axis optical bench design, which integrates the merits of the off-axis optical bench design of GRACE Follow-On mission and other on-axis designs. The study finds that the displacement noise between two optical benches has been reduced to 20nm/Hz at a frequency of 10 mHz, and the differential wavefront sensing noise has been suppressed to 10−5rad/Hz at 1 kHz as well. In addition, the tilt-to-length coupling noise related to the piston effect is restricted within 30 μm/rad, and the relative parallelism error of the transmitting beam and receiving beam is less than 4.5%. The results show that this off-axis optical bench design is an important candidate for China’s future gravity missions.
A cyberterrorist behind the keyboard
Authors: Etaywe Awni , Macfarlane Kate , Alazab Mamoun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Given the diverse backgrounds of people living in modern societies as well as the international nature of
cyber-terrorist threats, profiling the type of person behind cyber-mediated crimes has become a norm in terrorist profiling
practice. This study contributes to timely efficient terrorist profiling and threat assessment by showcasing an automated content
analysis of cyber-mediated terrorist texts, using natural language processing technology and AI-assisted analysis. To characterise
the terrorist type of texts and provide clues to threats, the study employs a ‘psycholinguistic profiling’ approach to authorship
analysis (Grant 2008). That is, it seeks to describe the likelihood of an author’s
engagement in violent extremist activity, identify motives for violence, and provide clues vis-a-vis would-be and actual violent
behaviours. The study takes twenty texts produced by international terrorists involved in jihadism and far-right violent extremism
as a case study. The findings reveal the investigative value of automated psycholinguistic profiling for security and intelligence
practitioners, with the semantic patterns yielding helpful information for an understanding of the criminal nature of terrorist
language. Also revealed is the attentional pattern of extremists and their discourse together with clues-based conclusions about
text type, as well as ‘warning’ behaviours and motives for aggression which vary according to the authors’ ideological
differences.
Conservation agriculture practices: Adaptation and yield
Authors: Rusinamhodzi Leonard 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Conservation agriculture (CA) has been promoted in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to increase crop productivity and for climate change adaptation. CA is the simultaneous application of the three principles: no-till, mulch cover, and crop diversification. The potential benefits are largely linked to moisture conservation of crop residues, reduced run-off and erosion, increased infiltration, and reduced evaporative losses. This study uses a review of recent literature in SSA under rain-fed conditions to synthesize evidence of the effect of CA on yield and climate change adaptation. Web of Science and Google Scholar were used for literature searches. Crop productivity results in the literature suggest that CA increases yield in certain circumstances such as well-drained soils and moderate rainfall, and that poorly drained soils in combination with excessive rains lead to depressed yields. The yield benefits reported range from as low as 4% and as high as 16%, with negative effects also reported. Stability analysis used as a proxy for adaptation revealed only a marginal benefit of CA above conventional practices suggesting the significant effect of seasonal rainfall on crop productivity. The results suggest the need to target CA practices to different agroecologies and other pragmatic local agronomic practices that may be required in cases of excessive rainfall and extended mid-season dry spells. The benefits of CA reported are largely plot level, and only a few studies consider the whole farm, especially within the holistic livelihood framework. In addition, adoption of CA remains low among smallholder farmers, and the widespread benefits of the practices cannot be realized at multiple scales.
Two-dimensional distribution experiment of ‘lattice diffraction’ using ultrasound in an educational laboratory
Authors: Chai Yijie , Wang Qixi , Lu Aijiang , Huang Xiaojiang , Tang Xiaoliang , Xu Yu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A device that can study the two-dimensional distribution of ultrasonic diffraction on lattice structures was developed for educational laboratories, enabling students to design the size, shape and dimension of diffraction obstacles independently. In this experiment, metal balls were used to simulate atomic lattice structures, and the two-dimensional diffraction distribution data of simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and hexagonal close-packed structure were collected. The results were compared with the sound field simulation of COMSOL, and a good consistency was found. By observing the diffraction results of complex structures, students can gain a better understanding of the concept of diffraction.