bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Writing the Relationship: Ethnographer‐Informant Interactions in the New Media Era
Authors: Modan Gabriella 
Published: May 2016

With the ever‐increasing accessibility of new communications media, there has been growing discussion among ethnographers about how new media data such as e‐mails, SMS/texts, blogs, news article comment sections, or community group websites have impacted the practice of ethnography. Generally, questions center around the characteristics of the data itself. Less often discussed is the effect of new communications media on relationships between ethnographers and members of the communities they study.This article explores what happens when social media becomes a channel through which researchers interact with informants both during fieldwork and between fieldsite visits. I examine how new formats of quick and often casual written communication influence the development of ethnographer–informant relationships over time. These technologies make contact with some informants (but not others) easier and more frequent, and, particularly because they bring written language into a relationship that often privileges spoken interaction, they may allow different facets of identity to emerge, reconfigure a researcher's network of relationships in the fieldsite, or change the personal‐professional divide.
Transient liver elastography in unsedated control children: Impact of age and intercurrent illness
Authors: Lewindon Peter J , Balouch Fariha , Pereira Tamara N , Puertolas‐Lopez Mora V , Noble Charlton , Wixey Julie A , Ramm Grant A 
Published: May 2016

AimTransient elastography (TE) is a rapid, non‐invasive, reproducible assessment of liver fibrosis by liver stiffness measurement (LSM). Uncertainty remains regarding utility in children, unsedated and <6 years of age. The importance of general health at the time of study has not been addressed. We report our experience of TE in unsedated control children, impact of intercurrent illness and using new published reliability criteria.MethodsFrom April 2011 to March 2013, 173 studies were performed in unsedated, healthy control children and children with intercurrent illness without detectable liver disease presenting to the Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. LSM reliability was assessed using interquartile range/median (IQR/M ≤ 30%) of 10 valid measurements.ResultsA total of 123 (F:M, 52:71) of 173 studies (71.1%) gave reliable results. In children 0–2 years reliability was 36%, and >2 years reliable results were obtained in ~80%. LSM increased with age; 0–2 years (3.5 ± 0.5 kPa), 3–5 years (3.8 ± 0.3 kPa) and 6–11 years (4.1 ± 0.2 kPa) with healthy older children 12–18 years similar to adults (4.5 ± 0.2 kPa). LSM did not vary with gender (female, 4.5 ± 0.2 vs. male, 4.8 ± 0.2 kPa). Children with intercurrent, non‐hepatological illnesses had higher LSM (5.2 ± 0.2 kPa (range, 2.8–11.1 kPa)) compared to healthy children ((4.1 ± 0.1 kPa, range, 2.1–6.3 kPa); P = 0.0001).ConclusionsTE in unsedated children is feasible from infancy but most reliable after 2 years. Intercurrent illness increases LSM; hence, study context is important when interpreting results.
Actinomycosis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation despite penicillin prophylaxis
Authors: Barraco F. , Labussière‐Wallet H. , Valour F. , Ducastelle‐Leprêtre S. , Nicolini F.‐E. , Thomas X. , Ferry T. , Dumitrescu O. , Michallet M. , Ader F. ,   the Lyon HEMINF Study Group
Published: May 2016

AbstractActinomycosis is a rare chronic and multifaceted disease caused by Actinomyces species frequently mimicking malignancy or other chronic granulomatous lung diseases. We report 4 original presentations of actinomycosis arising under supposed penicillin prophylaxis in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients.
From code‐mixing to mode‐mixing in the European context
Authors: JAMES ALLAN 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe paper presents four representative case studies of English in Europe influencing local language use in print advertising (Slovenia, Croatia and Italy) and social media online (Wales). For this purpose, three touristic identification displays (including brand name, slogan and logo) and one Instant Messaging conversation between teenagers are investigated, where by close linguistic and graphic analysis of the data it is shown how English serves to express the national identities of product (advertising) and person (e‐communication) projected in the texts. This is achieved by the English mediating the desired identity semiotics by both its verbal and visual properties, which generate the intended social meanings semantically via homophoric reference and intertextuality. In this way, English contacts are co‐realised with the local language as co‐text and/or context in (multilingual and) multimodal discourses where code‐mixing expands to mode‐mixing.
The Linear Response Function of an Idealized Atmosphere. Part I: Construction Using Green’s Functions and Applications
Authors: Hassanzadeh Pedram , Kuang Zhiming 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
A linear response function (LRF) determines the mean response of a nonlinear climate system to weak imposed forcings, and an eddy flux matrix (EFM) determines the eddy momentum and heat flux responses to mean-flow changes. Neither LRF nor EFM can be calculated from first principles owing to the lack of a complete theory for turbulent eddies. Here the LRF and EFM for an idealized dry atmosphere are computed by applying numerous localized weak forcings, one at a time, to a GCM with Held–Suarez physics and calculating the mean responses. The LRF and EFM for zonally averaged responses are then constructed using these forcings and responses through matrix inversion. Tests demonstrate that LRF and EFM are fairly accurate. Spectral analysis of the LRF shows that the most excitable dynamical mode, the neutral vector, strongly resembles the model’s annular mode. The framework described here can be employed to compute the LRF and EFM for zonally asymmetric responses and more complex GCMs. The potential applications of the LRF and EFM constructed here are (i) forcing a specified mean flow for hypothesis testing, (ii) isolating/quantifying the eddy feedbacks in complex eddy–mean flow interaction problems, and (iii) evaluating/improving more generally applicable methods currently used to construct LRFs or diagnose eddy feedbacks in comprehensive GCMs or observations. As an example for (iii), in Part II, the LRF is also computed using the fluctuation–dissipation theorem (FDT), and the previously calculated LRF is exploited to investigate why FDT performs poorly in some cases. It is shown that dimension reduction using leading EOFs, which is commonly used to construct LRFs from the FDT, can significantly degrade the accuracy owing to the nonnormality of the operator.
Diagnosis of the Source and Evolution of Medium-Range Forecast Errors for Extratropical Cyclone Joachim
Authors: Lamberson William S. , Torn Ryan D. , Bosart Lance F. , Magnusson Linus 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMedium-range forecasts for Cyclone Joachim, an extratropical cyclone that impacted western Europe on 16 December 2011, consistently predicted a high-impact intense cyclone; however, these forecasts failed to verify. The potential source and propagation of forecast errors for this case are diagnosed from the 51-member European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts Ensemble Prediction System initialized 5 days prior to the cyclone’s landfall. Ensemble members are subdivided into two groups: one that contained the eight members that had the most accurate forecast of Joachim and, the other, the eight members that predicted the most intense cyclone. Composite differences between these two subgroups indicate that the difference between these forecasts originate in tropopause-based subsynoptic waves along a deep trough in the eastern Pacific. These errors move eastward over a northern stream ridge centered on the west coast of North America and modulate the evolution of a trough that dives equatorward out of Canada and is associated with the development of Joachim. Forecast error calculations and relaxation experiments indicate that reducing forecast errors associated with these subsynoptic features leads to more accurate forecasts. These results present further evidence that subsynoptic errors, especially those originating in the warm sector of a cyclone, can be a significant source of downstream forecast errors.
Preferential Biases for Texts That Include Neuroscientific Jargon
Authors: Tabacchi Marco E. , Cardaci Maurizio 
Published: May 2016

The results of an experiment of preferential biases for texts that include neuroscientific jargon are presented. Such preferential bias has been reported even when the presented jargon is meaningless. In a variation of the well-known Weisberg et al. experiment, a group of undergraduate students ( N = 150; females 48%, males 52%, other 0%; M age = 22.4 year, SD = 2.6) chose between two possible explanations for a psychological phenomenon: a correct explanation or a circular restatement of facts. Unrelated neuroscientific terms were added to one of the explanations. Participants were asked to choose the correct explanation. There was a statistically significant preference for the explanation without neuroscientific terms. These findings differ from Weisberg et al.’s experiment and a number of others. The implications of this discrepancy are discussed.
Implementación de un MOOC en cursos presenciales como estrategia para elevar el rendimiento académico
Authors: Paz Robles Vidal , Zepeda Ruíz Jaime Eduardo 
Published: May 2016

La innovación es un proceso que genera beneficios en la educación, por ello en el Instituto Tecnológico Superior de El Grullo (ITS El Grullo) se llevó a cabo un proyecto de investigación para valorar estrategias de aprendizaje; dentro del presente trabajo se presentan los resultados de la implementación de un Curso Abierto en Línea Masivo, por sus siglas en inglés MOOC (Massive Open Online Course), en un grupo de estudiantes del ITS El Grullo que cursó la asignatura de Probabilidad y Estadística Descriptiva con el objetivo de probar la utilidad del MOOC para elevar el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes dentro de esta asignatura. Para su aplicación se trabajó con dos grupos que cursaron la materia con el propósito de tener un grupo de control y uno al cual se le aplicó el tratamiento, para realizar una prueba estadística T, la cual se llevó a cabo para verificar si tuvo efecto el tratamiento y para analizar si existían diferencias significativas por la estrategia implementada. Los resultados obtenidos a través de una evaluación tipo examen mostraron que los alumnos que se sometieron al tratamiento con el MOOC obtuvieron calificaciones significativamente mayores, en el sentido estadístico, que aquellos que trabajaron con las estrategias didácticas tradicionales. Por lo tanto se concluye que la implementación de un MOOC en un curso presencial puede llegar a ser una buena estrategia para incrementar el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes.
IMPACT OF DUST COOLING ON DIRECT-COLLAPSE BLACK HOLE FORMATION
Authors: Latif M. A. , Omukai K. , Habouzit M. , Schleicher D. R. G. , Volonteri M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Observations of quasars at

suggest the presence of black holes with a few times

. Numerous models have been proposed to explain their existence, including a direct collapse, which provides massive seeds of

. The isothermal direct collapse requires a strong Lyman–Werner (LW) flux to quench

formation in massive primordial halos. In this study, we explore the impact of trace amounts of metals and dust enrichment. We perform three-dimensional cosmological simulations for two halos of

with

illuminated by an intense LW flux of

. Our results show that initially the collapse proceeds isothermally with

K, but dust cooling becomes effective at densities of

and brings the gas temperature down to a few 100–1000 K for

. No gravitationally bound clumps are found in the

cases by the end of our simulations, in contrast to the case with

. Large inflow rates of

are observed for

, similar to a zero-metallicity case, while for

the inflow rate starts to decline earlier because of dust cooling and fragmentation. For given large inflow rates, a central star of

may form for

.
A SEARCH FOR SHORT-PERIOD ROCKY PLANETS AROUND WDs WITH THE COSMIC ORIGINS SPECTROGRAPH (COS)*
Authors: Sandhaus Phoebe H. , Debes John H. , Ely Justin , Hines Dean C. , Bourque Matthew 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The search for transiting habitable exoplanets has broadened to include several types of stars that are smaller than the Sun in an attempt to increase the observed transit depth and hence the atmospheric signal of the planet. Of all spectral types, white dwarfs (WDs) are the most favorable for this type of investigation. The fraction of WDs that possess close-in rocky planets is unknown, but several large angle stellar surveys have the photometric precision and cadence to discover at least one if they are common. Ultraviolet observations of WDs may allow for detection of molecular oxygen or ozone in the atmosphere of a terrestrial planet. We use archival Hubble Space Telescope data from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph to search for transiting rocky planets around UV-bright WDs. In the process, we discovered unusual variability in the pulsating WD GD 133, which shows slow sinusoidal variations in the UV. While we detect no planets around our small sample of targets, we do place stringent limits on the possibility of transiting planets, down to sub-lunar radii. We also point out that non-transiting small planets in thermal equilibrium are detectable around hotter WDs through infrared excesses, and identify two candidates.
L’adieu aux armes ?
Authors: Duclos Nathalie 
Published: May 2016

L’introduction présente les travaux d’histoire et de science politique portant sur les vétérans de conflits armés variés, qu’ils soient interétatiques ou intraétatiques. Deux traditions d’analyse apparaissent qui, tout en s’étant développées parallèlement, sont traversées par des interrogations communes. Après les avoir mises en évidence, l’auteure propose une reformulation des questions de recherche devant présider à une sociologie politique du retour à la vie civile des anciens combattants et de leurs trajectoires post-conflit. Critiquant les approches selon lesquelles la fin de la guerre ouvrirait une ère radicalement nouvelle, elle invite notamment à être attentif aux continuités/ discontinuités observables après-guerre et héritées de la guerre, qu’elles soient sociologiques ou cognitives. Elle s’interroge également sur les éventuelles difficultés à « sortir » de la violence, sur les effets à cet égard des politiques menées à destination des anciens combattants et sur la part des stratégies d’acteurs dans les recompositions d’après-guerre. Le concept de carrière proposé par Howard Becker semble heuristique pour l’appréhension des trajectoires des anciens combattants après-guerre.
L’adieu aux armes ?
Authors: Tanner Samuel 
Published: May 2016

Comment d’anciens miliciens ayant participé à la violence de masse se recyclent-ils une fois la guerre terminée ? Réintègrent-ils un contexte « normalisé » de relations sociales, politiques et communautaires ? Voit-on s’opérer un transfert de l’expérience de violence, sous forme d’acquisition de registres ou d’un habitus de la violence ? Ce chapitre propose une ethnographie de l’expérience de reconversion, dans leur communauté, de quatre anciens miliciens serbes ayant participé à la violence de masse en ex-Yougoslavie durant les années 1990. Les enquêtes de terrain et l’ensemble des observations collectées ont révélé la nécessité d’appréhender cette reconversion sous un angle double, collectif et individuel. Collectivement, on assiste à une reconfiguration de l’économie des relations sociales au sein de la communauté, qui tend à cristalliser un ordre nouveau, érigeant peu à peu ces anciens membres de bandes armées en élite locale. Individuellement, les survivances de guerre s’expriment par une difficulté à faire sens d’un investissement passé injustifiable et, pour certains, à vivre avec cette expérience en eux. Cela transparaît notamment dans un rapport ambivalent qu’ils ont à la violence.
L’adieu aux armes ?
Authors: Roux Christophe 
Published: May 2016

Cette contribution met en lumière un cas de mobilisation d’anciens combattants qui n’a pas mené au totalitarisme ou à l’autoritarisme mais a contribué, tout au contraire, à un début de construction démocratique : c’est ce que montre l’étude des anciens combattants en Sardaigne au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale. Le texte rappelle le contexte régional de sortie de conflit, la structuration associative des anciens combattants et la manière dont s’est opérée la transformation de celui-ci en parti politique autonomiste se soumettant et organisant le suffrage universel masculin avant l’arrivée du fascisme en Italie.
L’adieu aux armes ?
Authors: Banégas Richard 
Published: May 2016

La Côte d’Ivoire a connu depuis le début du conflit en 2002 une floraison de structures miliciennes dans les régions méridionales. Soulignant l’historicité de cette dynamique, ce chapitre analyse la place de ces miliciens depuis la fin officielle du conflit et s’interroge sur leur influence sociale et politique. Croisant des données d’enquêtes sur les milices rurales de l’Ouest et celles d’Abidjan, il montre que les jeunes enrégimentés ont acquis un pouvoir non négligeable à l’échelle locale et nationale qui bouleverse les rapports intergénérationnels. Cette contribution insiste toutefois sur le caractère contingent de cette prise de pouvoir, qui reste très variable selon les groupes et les régions. Si certains anciens combattants sont devenus de véritables figures de la réussite sociale, d’autres se considèrent comme les laissés-pour-compte du processus de paix. S’interrogeant sur la « brutalisation » de la société et la subjectivation des jeunes par la violence, ce texte envisage la diffusion d’un éventuel « éthos guerrier » en posant l’hypothèse que celui-ci doit être mis en rapport avec une économie (im)morale des ghettos dominée par une figure très ambiguë, celle du « guerrier » urbain.
Les pratiques conjointes de responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise (RSE) au sein d’un écosystème d’affaires. Une étude de cas
Authors: Lacoste Sylvie , Pardo Catherine 
Published: May 2016

Ce travail s’intéresse à la façon dont des entreprises impliquées dans des relations clients-fournisseurs peuvent développer, au-delà des frontières de leur relation commerciale, une relation collaborative créatrice de valeur sociale. La question au cœur de la recherche est celle du lien qui peut dès lors exister entre ces deux types de relations : le développement de pratiques communes en matière de responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE) est-il un moyen de favoriser la collaboration dans une chaine de valeur verticale ? L’analyse du cas d’une association gérée conjointement par une entreprise et ses fournisseurs montre qu’il existe un lien entre des pratiques communes (menées conjointement par une entreprise et ses fournisseurs) de responsabilité sociale et des pratiques commerciales. Nous proposons de qualifier ce lien. Nous montrons que pour certains acteurs, « l’arène sociale », si elle est un véritable lieu de création de valeur sociale est aussi un lieu où se jouent, sous une nouvelle forme, des rapports de pouvoir. Au final l’impact du social sur le commercial, pour ces acteurs, reste limité. Pour d’autres acteurs, en revanche, les échanges qui se nouent au sein de « l’arène sociale » sont de nature à faciliter, en retour, les échanges au sein de « l’arène commerciale ».
Free Product C* -algebras Associated with Graphs, Free Differentials, and Laws of Loops
Authors: Hartglass Michael 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe study a canonical C* -algebra, 𝒮(Г,μ), that arises from a weighted graph (Г,μ), speci fic cases of which were previously studied in the context of planar algebras. We discuss necessary and sufficient conditions of the weighting that ensure simplicity and uniqueness of trace of 𝒮(Г,μ), and study the structure of its positive cone. We then study the *-algebra,𝒜, generated by the generators of 𝒮(Г,μ), and use a free differential calculus and techniques of Charlesworth and Shlyakhtenko as well as Mai, Speicher, and Weber to show that certain “loop” elements have no atoms in their spectral measure. After modifying techniques of Shlyakhtenko and Skoufranis to show that self adjoint elements x ∊ Mn(𝒜) have algebraic Cauchy transform, we explore some applications to eigenvalues of polynomials inWishart matrices and to diagrammatic elements in von Neumann algebras initially considered by Guionnet, Jones, and Shlyakhtenko.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Heteroboranes. Synthesis of (2,2‐(PPh3)2‐1,2‐SePtB10H10)·CH2Cl2, Its Crystal and Molecular Structure and that of SeB11H11.
Authors: FERGUSON G. , PARVEZ M. , MACCURTAIN J. A. , DHUBHGHAILL O. NI. , SPALDING T. R. , REED D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of the closo‐selenaborane (I) with the Pt complex (II) affords two products.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Oxophilic Transition Metals. Part 3. Dinuclear Fulvalene Complexes of Tri‐ and Tetravalent Zirconium.
Authors: HERRMANN W. A. , CUENCA T. , MENJON B. , HERDTWECK E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStarting with the recently prepared (I), it is shown that Zr(III) complexes of the fulvalene series are functionalizable with retention of the oxidation state (formation of the cis/trans mixture (III)) as well as with oxidation of the metal center to give (IV), (V), (VII), and (VIII).
High Incidence of Veno‐Occlusive Disease With Myeloablative Chemotherapy Following Craniospinal Irradiation in Children With Newly Diagnosed High‐Risk CNS Embryonal Tumors: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group (CCG‐99702)
Authors: Nazemi Kellie J. , Shen Violet , Finlay Jonathan L. , Boyett James , Kocak Mehmet , Lafond Deborah , Gardner Sharon L. , Packer Roger J. , Nicholson H. Stacy 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe outcomes with high‐risk central nervous system (CNS) embryonal tumors remain relatively poor despite aggressive treatment. The purposes of this study using postirradiation myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue (ASCR) were to document feasibility and describe toxicities of the regimen, establish the appropriate dose of thiotepa, and estimate the overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS).ProcedureThe Children's Cancer Group conducted this pilot study in children and adolescents with CNS embryonal tumors. The treatment consisted of induction chemotherapy to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells, chemoradiotherapy, and myeloablative consolidation chemotherapy with ASCR.ResultsThe study accrued 25 subjects in 40 months and was closed early due to toxicity, namely, veno‐occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver, more recently termed sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS). Of 24 eligible subjects, three of 11 (27%) receiving thiotepa Dose Level 1 (150 mg/m2/day × 3 days) and three of 12 (25%) receiving de‐escalated Dose Level 0 (100 mg/m2/day × 3 days) experienced VOD/SOS. One additional subject experienced toxic death attributed to septic shock; postmortem examination revealed clinically undiagnosed VOD/SOS. The 2‐year EFS and OS were 54 ± 10% and 71 ± 9%, respectively. The 5‐year EFS and OS were 46 ± 11% and 50 ± 11%.ConclusionsThe treatment regimen was deemed to have an unacceptable rate of VOD/SOS. There was complete recovery in all six cases. The overall therapeutic strategy using a regimen less likely to cause VOD/SOS may merit further evaluation for the highest risk patients.