bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Boundary value behaviors for solutions of the equilibrium equations with angular velocity
Authors: Wang Jiaofeng , Pu Jun , Huang Bin , Shi Guojian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis work is concerned with a mixed boundary value problems for the slow equilibrium equations with prescribed angular velocity. As an application, we find sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of blow-up solutions under weaker conditions.
Ferredoxin 1b (Fdx1b) Is the Essential Mitochondrial Redox Partner for Cortisol Biosynthesis in Zebrafish
Authors: Griffin Aliesha , Parajes Silvia , Weger Meltem , Zaucker Andreas , Taylor Angela E. , O'Neil Donna M. , Müller Ferenc , Krone Nils 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMitochondrial cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes rely on electron transfer from the redox partner ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) for catalytic activity. Key steps in steroidogenesis require mitochondrial CYP enzymes and FDX1. Over 30 ferredoxin mutations have been explored in vitro; however, no spontaneously occurring mutations have been identified in humans leaving the impact of FDX1 on steroidogenesis in the whole organism largely unknown. Zebrafish are an important model to study human steroidogenesis, because they have similar steroid products and endocrine tissues. This study aimed to characterize the influence of ferredoxin on steroidogenic capacity in vivo by using zebrafish. Zebrafish have duplicate ferredoxin paralogs: fdx1 and fdx1b. Although fdx1 was observed throughout development and in most tissues, fdx1b was expressed after development of the zebrafish interrenal gland (counterpart to the mammalian adrenal gland). Additionally, fdx1b was restricted to adult steroidogenic tissues, such as the interrenal, gonads, and brain, suggesting that fdx1b was interacting with steroidogenic CYP enzymes. By using transcription activator-like effector nucleases, we generated fdx1b mutant zebrafish lines. Larvae with genetic disruption of fdx1b were morphologically inconspicuous. However, steroid hormone analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry revealed fdx1b mutants failed to synthesize glucocorticoids. Additionally, these mutants had an up-regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis and showed altered dark-light adaptation, suggesting impaired cortisol signaling. Antisense morpholino knockdown confirmed Fdx1b is required for de novo cortisol biosynthesis. In summary, by using zebrafish, we generated a ferredoxin knockout model system, which demonstrates for the first time the impact of mitochondrial redox regulation on glucocorticoid biosynthesis in vivo.
Developmental Programming: Impact of Gestational Steroid and Metabolic Milieus on Adiposity and Insulin Sensitivity in Prenatal Testosterone-Treated Female Sheep
Authors: Cardoso Rodolfo C. , Veiga-Lopez Almudena , Moeller Jacob , Beckett Evan , Pease Anthony , Keller Erica , Madrigal Vanessa , Chazenbalk Gregorio , Dumesic Daniel , Padmanabhan Vasantha 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Prenatally testosterone (T)-treated sheep present metabolic disruptions similar to those seen in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. These females exhibit an increased ratio of small to large adipocytes, which may be the earliest event in the development of adult insulin resistance. Additionally, our longitudinal studies suggest the existence of a period of compensatory adaptation during development. This study tested whether 1) in utero cotreatment of prenatally T-treated sheep with androgen antagonist (flutamide) or insulin sensitizer (rosiglitazone) prevents juvenile insulin resistance and adult changes in adipocyte size; and 2) visceral adiposity and insulin sensitivity are both unaltered during early adulthood, confirming the predicted developmental trajectory in this animal model. Insulin sensitivity was tested during juvenile development and adipose tissue distribution, adipocyte size, and concentrations of adipokines were determined during early adulthood. Prenatal T-treated females manifested juvenile insulin resistance, which was prevented by prenatal rosiglitazone cotreatment. Neither visceral adiposity nor insulin sensitivity differed between groups during early adulthood. Prenatal T-treated sheep presented an increase in the relative proportion of small adipocytes, which was not substantially prevented by either prenatal intervention. A large effect size was observed for increased leptin concentrations in prenatal T-treated sheep compared with controls, which was prevented by prenatal rosiglitazone. In conclusion, gestational alterations in insulin-glucose homeostasis likely play a role in programming insulin resistance, but not adipocyte size distribution, in prenatal T-treated sheep. Furthermore, these results support the notion that a period of compensatory adaptation of the metabolic system to prenatal T exposure occurs between puberty and adulthood.
Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus: Causes, Treatment, and Impact on Outcomes
Authors: Shivaswamy Vijay , Boerner Brian , Larsen Jennifer 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPost-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a frequent consequence of solid organ transplantation. PTDM has been associated with greater mortality and increased infections in different transplant groups using different diagnostic criteria. An international consensus panel recommended a consistent set of guidelines in 2003 based on American Diabetes Association glucose criteria but did not exclude the immediate post-transplant hospitalization when many patients receive large doses of corticosteroids. Greater glucose monitoring during all hospitalizations has revealed significant glucose intolerance in the majority of recipients immediately after transplant. As a result, the international consensus panel reviewed its earlier guidelines and recommended delaying screening and diagnosis of PTDM until the recipient is on stable doses of immunosuppression after discharge from initial transplant hospitalization. The group cautioned that whereas hemoglobin A1C has been adopted as a diagnostic criterion by many, it is not reliable as the sole diabetes screening method during the first year after transplant. Risk factors for PTDM include many of the immunosuppressant medications themselves as well as those for type 2 diabetes. The provider managing diabetes and associated dyslipidemia and hypertension after transplant must be careful of the greater risk for drug-drug interactions and infections with immunosuppressant medications. Treatment goals and therapies must consider the greater risk for fluctuating and reduced kidney function, which can cause hypoglycemia. Research is actively focused on strategies to prevent PTDM, but until strategies are found, it is imperative that immunosuppression regimens are chosen based on their evidence to prolong graft survival, not to avoid PTDM.
CDK-dependent phosphorylation of PHD1 on serine 130 alters its substrate preference in cells
Authors: Ortmann Brian , Bensaddek Dalila , Carvalhal Sara , Moser Sandra C. , Mudie Sharon , Griffis Eric R. , Swedlow Jason R. , Lamond Angus I. , Rocha Sonia 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
PHD1 (also known as EGLN2) belongs to a family of prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) that are involved in the control of the cellular response to hypoxia. PHD1 is also able to regulate mitotic progression through the regulation of the crucial centrosomal protein Cep192, establishing a link between the oxygen-sensing and the cell cycle machinery. Here, we demonstrate that PHD1 is phosphorylated by CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 at S130. This phosphorylation fluctuates with the cell cycle and can be induced through oncogenic activation. Functionally, PHD1 phosphorylation leads to increased induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) protein levels and activity during hypoxia. PHD1 phosphorylation does not alter its intrinsic enzymatic activity, but instead decreases the interaction between PHD1 and HIF1α. Interestingly, although phosphorylation of PHD1 at S130 lowers its activity towards HIF1α, this modification increases the activity of PHD1 towards Cep192. These results establish a mechanism by which cell cycle mediators, such as CDKs, temporally control the activity of PHD1, directly altering the regulation of HIF1α and Cep192.
The thick left ventricular wall of the giraffe heart normalises wall tension, but limits stroke volume and cardiac output
Authors: Smerup Morten , Damkjær Mads , Brøndum Emil , Baandrup Ulrik T. , Kristiansen Steen Buus , Nygaard Hans , Aalkjær Christian , Sauer Cathrine , Buchanan Rasmus , Bertelsen Mads Frost , Østergaard Kristine , Grøndahl Carsten , Candy Geoffrey , Hasenkam J. Michael , Secher Niels H. , Bie Peter , Wang Tobias 
Published: December 2015

Giraffes – the tallest extant animals on Earth – are renowned for their high central arterial blood pressure, which is necessary to secure brain perfusion. The pressure which may exceed 300 mmHg has historically been attributed to an exceptionally large heart. Recently, this has been refuted by several studies demonstrating that the mass of giraffe heart is similar to that of other mammals when expressed relative to body mass. It remains enigmatic, however, how the normal-sized giraffe heart generates such massive arterial pressures.
We hypothesized that giraffe hearts have a small intraventricular cavity and a relatively thick ventricular wall, allowing for generation of high arterial pressures at normal left ventricular wall tension. In nine anaesthetized giraffes (495±38 kg), we determined in vivo ventricular dimensions using echocardiography along with intraventricular and aortic pressures to calculate left ventricular wall stress. Cardiac output was also determined by inert gas rebreathing to provide an additional and independent estimate of stroke volume. Echocardiography and inert gas-rebreathing yielded similar cardiac outputs of 16.1±2.5 and 16.4±1.4 l min−1, respectively. End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were 521±61 ml and 228±42 ml, yielding an ejection fraction of 56±4%, and a stroke volume of 0.59 ml kg−1. Left ventricular circumferential wall stress was 7.83±1.76 kPa. We conclude that, relative to body mass, a small left ventricular cavity and a low stroke volume characterizes the giraffe heart. The adaptations result in typical mammalian left ventricular wall tensions, but results in lowered cardiac output.
The effect of end-of-range grade A+ knee mobilisation following acute primary total knee arthroplasty: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pereira Luis C , Jolles Brigitte M 
Published: December 2015

Background/Aims:Although the number of total knee arthroplasty procedures being performed is increasing worldwide, the rehabilitation protocols following surgery are poorly studied in the literature. Research suggests that exercise therapy and joint mobilisation are recommended in the later stages of osteoarthritis. However, best practice for rehabilitation in the immediate postoperative period is yet to be determined. This prospective randomised controlled trial examined whether adding grade A+ joint mobilisation to the standard in-hospital rehabilitative approach would increase pain (based on recordings of pain intensity on the visual analogue scale) and improve range of motion in the knee.Methods:Participants (n=32; mean±SD age: 71.1± 8.9 years) undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty at a university hospital were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Measurements were recorded before surgery and on the first, third and seventh days following total knee arthroplasty. All participants received standard care postoperatively, with participants in the experimental group receiving additional grade A+ joint mobilisation for knee flexion and extension twice a day for 20 minutes using the JAS Knee system (Joint Active Systems®, Effingham, Illinois).Results:There were no statistically significant differences in visual analogue scale scores or range of motion in all measurements (p > 0.05). Increased range of motion at a faster pace was observed in the obese subgroup of patients (p = 0.016). Other factors such as age, body mass index, type of anaesthesia and implant model did not influence the final outcome.Conclusions:Early grade A+ joint mobilisation combined with the standard in-hospital rehabilitative approach is safe to be used during the post-acute phase of rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty. Despite increasing trends in the obese subgroup of patients, adding grade A+ joint mobilisation to the standard protocol did not significantly improve overall range of motion. The results of this study and heterogeneities in the literature identify the need for further research and development in this area.
Effect of Dried Blood Spot Quality on Newborn Screening Analyte Concentrations and Recommendations for Minimum Acceptance Criteria for Sample Analysis
Authors: George Roanna S , Moat Stuart J 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe analysis of dried blood spots has been used routinely for newborn screening since the early 1970s, and the number of disorders screened has expanded substantially in recent years. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding minimum blood spot quality acceptance criteria for sample analysis.METHODSBlood pools were spiked with phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, methionine, octanoylcarnitine, decanoylcarnitine, isovalerylcarnitine, glutarylcarnitine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and immunoreactive trypsinogen to concentrations at the analytical cutoffs used in UK screening protocols. We evaluated the effect of sample volume applied to the card (10, 20, 50, 75, and 100 μL), punch location (central vs peripheral), and sample quality (double layering, applying blood to both sides of the filter paper, multispotting, applying insufficient sample, and compressing the sample after application).RESULTSCompression of blood spots produced significantly lower results (14%–44%) for all analytes measured (P &lt; 0.001). Smaller blood spots produced significantly lower results (15%–24% for 10-μL vs 50-μL sample size) for all analytes at all concentrations measured (P &lt; 0.001). Results obtained from peripheral punches were higher than those from a central punch, although this did not reach statistical significance for all analytes. Insufficient and multispotted samples demonstrated heterogeneous results.CONCLUSIONSAll blood spots containing ≤20 μL (blood spot diameter &lt;8 mm), those in which blood has not fully penetrated the filter paper, and all samples with evidence of compression should be rejected, since there is a risk of producing false-negative results.
Modelling sawn timber volume and strength development at the individual tree level – essential model features by the example of Douglas fir
Authors: Poschenrieder Werner , Rais Andreas , van de Kuilen Jan-Willem G. , Pretzsch Hans 
Published: December 2015

We designed a streamlined timber growth and quality model that aims at the effect of stand management on the efficiency of wood resource use. Applying the R based module toolbox to experimental plots of Douglas fir ( [Mirb.] Franco) we analysed essential model features for reflecting the influence of planting density on board strength. The current version realistically predicted a significant increase of centre board bending strength at tree age 40 with initial stand density. Model performance gained clear advantage from a) parameterisation of height to diameter allometry as dependent on planting density b) consideration of cambial age and crossâsectional knot area in board strength computation. Crown shape was less decisive. The model produced a significant effect of planting density even after a whole rotation period of 70Â years as well as a realistic spectrum of board bending strength.Pseudotsuga menziesii
Investigation of the perception about earthquake based on elementary school students’ opinions<p>Depreme ilişkin algının deprem yaşayan ilköğretim öğrencilerinin görüşlerine dayalı olarak incelenmesi
Authors: Tanhan Fuat , Mukba Gamze 
Published: December 2015

<p>Earthquakes, which disturb the routine of life, influence psychology of adults and children negatively as the other disasters. In addition to that earthquakes can cause the psychological distress in children such as cognitive, emotional and behavioral problems as well as lack of confidence and despair against future. In order to scope of interventions after earthquake, it can be significant to reveal how the elementary school students experienced and perceived the earthquake after that disaster. For this purpose, the students’ perceptions of the earthquake and psycho-social impacts of that among students have been studied according to the opinions of those. The research is done based on descriptive survey model within the qualitative research model including semi-structured interview method. The subject group of the research is 23 volunteers consisting of 12 girls and 11 boys all of whom experienced the Van earthquake attending secondary school at Van city center. Moving onto the results, students stated that they were outside; they were running their homes to find out the status of their families during the earthquake and just after that.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Yaşamın doğal akışını bozan diğer afetler gibi depremler de, hem yetişkinlerin ve hem de çocukların psikolojisi üzerinde birçok olumuz etkiler bırakır. Depremler, çocuklarda birçok bilişsel, duyuşsal ve davranışsal problemin yanı sıra, güven duygusunun yitimi ve geleceğe karşı umutsuzluk gibi psikolojik sorunlara neden olabilir. Deprem yaşayan ilköğretim öğrencilerinin depremi nasıl deneyimlediklerinin ve anlamlandırdıklarının bilinmesi deprem sonrası uygulanabilecek müdahaleler kapsamında önemlidir. Bu amaçla bu araştırmada öğrencilerin depreme ilişkin algıları ve depremin öğrenciler üzerindeki psiko-sosyal etkileri, Van depremini yaşayan ilköğretim öğrencilerinin görüşlerine dayalı olarak belirlenmesine çalışılmıştır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma kapsamında tarama modelinde gerçekleştirilmiş olup yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, Van İl Merkezinde bulunan ilköğretim okullarının ikinci kademesinde okuyan, Van Depremi’ni yaşayan ve araştırmaya gönüllü katılan 12 kadın; 11 erkek olmak üzere toplam 23 öğrenciden ibarettir. Araştırmada öğrenciler, deprem olduğu sırada ve sonrasında dışarıda olduklarını, kaçtıklarını, eve ailelerinin durumunu öğrenmek için hemen eve geldiklerini belirtmişlerdir.</p>
The investigation of the structural change and the wetting behavior of electron beam irradiated PTFE film
Authors: Jinglong Gao , Zaochun Ni , Yanhui Liu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe effect of electron beam (EB) irradiation on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film was studied in air at room temperature. The structural changes of the PTFE film irradiated by EB were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphological changes on the film surface were described using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface hydrophilicity of the modified film was characterized through water contact angle measurement. The results show that scission of the chain on the surface of PTFE film was induced by EB irradiation. The atomic ratio of F/C decreased and the atomic ratio of O/C increased. The surface roughness of the irradiated sample increased. In the case of irradiation in the presence of residual air, carboxylic acid fluoride groups appear and can hydrolyze to carboxylic groups in the surface-near regions. These polar groups significantly reduced the hydrophobicity and oleophobicity of the PTFE film and consequently cause the decline of the water contact angle of the film surface. XRD analysis reveals an increase of the crystallite size of PTFE along with the increasing time of the irradiate.
Fünftausend Jahre Stiftungen. Eine Typologie von Mesopotamien bis zu den USA
Authors: Borgolte Michael 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung
Nach der schriftlichen Überlieferung lassen sich Stiftungen bis etwa 3000 v. Chr. zurückverfolgen und in Babylon und Ägypten auffinden. Sie dienten demnach ursprünglich dem Kult, genauer der Ernährung, der Götter sowie der Versorgung der Ahnen für ihr postmortales Dasein. Erst seit der sogenannten Achsenzeit, nach Karl Jaspers um die Mitte des ersten Jahrtausends v. Chr., ging es bei Stiftungen um den Menschen, und zwar um den Stifter selbst oder bestimmte von ihm im Sinne der Wohltätigkeit Begünstigte. Die monotheistischen Religionen Vorderasiens, die in dieser Hinsicht vielleicht durch den persischen Zoroastrismus beeinflusst wurden, haben den sehr erfolgreichen Typ der Stiftungen für das Seelenheil entfaltet. Dieser trat neben oder an die Stelle der älteren Stiftungen für die Seele, die lediglich die nachtodliche Weiterexistenz fördern sollten, und zielte auf eine gesteigerte, glückselige Existenzform durch die Gnade oder in der Nähe Gottes. Die zweite universalhistorische Zäsur brachte dem Stiftungswesen erst die Moderne, indem sie das religiös begründete Motiv der dauernden Zwecksetzung des Stiftungskapitals aufhob. Die „operativen“ und „Gebrauchsstiftungen“ der Gegenwart, im Wesentlichen eine amerikanische Erfindung, brechen mit einer jahrtausendealten Sinngebung, um der Erfahrung des unaufhaltsamen gesellschaftlichen und kulturellen Wandels gerecht zu werden.
Prehistoric language contact in the Kavango-Zambezi transfrontier area: Khoisan influence on southwestern Bantu languages
Authors: Gunnink Hilde , Sands Bonny , Pakendorf Brigitte , Bostoen Koen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this article, we show that the influence of Khoisan languages on five southwestern Bantu click languages spoken in the Kavango-Zambezi transfrontier area is diverse and complex. These Bantu languages acquired clicks through contact with both Khwe and Ju languages. However, they did not simply copy these Khoisan clicks words. They adapted them phonologically, resulting in a reduction of the click inventory and also integrated them into Bantu morphosyntax through the unusual process of paralexification. What is more, clicks do not only occur in words of Khoisan origin, but also spread to native vocabulary as a language-internal change, among other things through sound symbolism. Finally, calques and head-final nominal compounds in a number of these Bantu languages point to structural influence, most likely from Khwe. We argue that the contact-induced changes observed in the southwestern Bantu languages can be partly accounted for by the language shift of native Khoisan speakers who imposed certain features from their native language on the Bantu language they acquired. In addition, Bantu speakers may have used clicks and other Khoisan-derived elements as an emblem for marking a separate identity, as they were not only maintained, but extended to native structures as well.
Convergence and error estimation of homotopy analysis method for some type of nonlinear and linear integral equations
Authors: Hetmaniok Edyta , Nowak Iwona , Słota Damian , Wituła Roman 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this paper an application of the homotopy analysis method for some type of nonlinear and linear integral equations of the second kind is presented. A special case of considered equation is the Volterra- Fredholm integral equation. In homotopy analysis method a series is created. It has shown that if the series is convergent, its sum is the solution of the considered equation. It has been also shown that under proper assumptions the considered equation possesses a unique solution and the series obtained in homotopy analysis method is convergent. The error of the approximate solution was estimated. This approximate solution is obtained when we limit to the partial sum of the series.Application of the method is illustrated with examples.