bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Weight Gain and Weight Loss on In Vivo Colonocyte Proliferation Rate in People with Obesity
Authors: Magkos Faidon , Sullivan Shelby , Fitch Mark , Smith Gordon , Fabbrini Elisa , Mittendorfer Bettina , Hellerstein Marc , Klein Samuel 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of diet‐induced changes in energy balance and body weight on in vivo colonocyte fractional proliferation rates (FPR) in people with obesity.MethodsIn vivo colonocyte FPR was assessed in 31 men and women with obesity (BMI: 35.4 ± 4.0 kg/m2, age: 52.6 ± 8.9 years) before and after diet‐induced weight loss, weight gain, or weight maintenance. Subjects ingested aliquots of 2H2O (heavy water) daily for 4 to 7 days, followed by flexible sigmoidoscopy with colon biopsies to assess the incorporation of 2H into the DNA of dividing colonocytes.ResultsColonocyte FPR averaged 12.7% ± 3.8% per day and correlated directly with intra‐abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) volume (r = 0.364, P = 0.044). Colonocyte FPR decreased in the weight loss group, did not change in the weight maintenance group, and increased in the weight gain group. The change in colonocyte FPR correlated directly with the percent change in body weight (r = 0.409, P = 0.028) and IAAT volume (r = 0.598, P = 0.001).ConclusionsA high‐calorie diet and weight gain increase, whereas a low‐calorie diet and weight loss decrease, in vivo colonocyte proliferation rate in people with obesity. These results suggest that changes in energy balance influence the risk of developing colon cancer in people with obesity by regulating colonic mucosal growth rates.
Association Between Weight Loss and the Risk of Cancer after Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Schauer Daniel P. , Feigelson Heather Spencer , Koebnick Corinna , Caan Bette , Weinmann Sheila , Leonard Anthony C. , Powers J. David , Yenumula Panduranga R. , Arterburn David E. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to determine whether the reduction in cancer risk after bariatric surgery is due to weight loss.MethodsA retrospective matched cohort study of patients undergoing bariatric surgery was conducted using data from a large integrated health insurance and care delivery system with five sites in four states. The study included 18,355 bariatric surgery subjects and 40,524 nonsurgical subjects matched on age, sex, BMI, site, and Elixhauser comorbidity index. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models examined the relationship between weight loss at 1 year and incident cancer during up to 10 years of follow‐up.ResultsThe study identified 1,196 cases of incident cancer. The average 1‐year postsurgical weight loss was 27% among patients undergoing bariatric surgery versus 1% in matched nonsurgical patients. Percent weight loss at 1 year was significantly associated with a reduced risk of any cancer in adjusted models (HR 0.897, 95% CI: 0.832‐0.968, P = 0.005 for every 10% weight loss) while bariatric surgery was not a significant independent predictor of cancer incidence.ConclusionsWeight loss after bariatric surgery was associated with a lower risk of incident cancer. There was no apparent independent effect of the bariatric surgery itself on cancer risk that was independent of weight loss.
Inflammation Modifies the Association of Obesity with Circulating 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Cancer Survivors
Authors: Yang Lin , Toriola Adetunji T. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveObesity, inflammation, and circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OHD) have distinct roles in cancer prognosis. The interplay of these factors was investigated by evaluating the associations of body mass index (BMI) with circulating 25‐OHD levels in cancer survivors and determining whether associations were modified by inflammation, defined by C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels.MethodsData on cancer survivors were aggregated from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001–2010). Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations of BMI with circulating 25‐OHD. Analyses were stratified by CRP levels: low < 1.0 mg/L, moderate 1.0‐3.0 mg/L, and high > 3.0‐9.9 mg/L.ResultsAmong 1,305 cancer survivors (mean age = 60.8 years, mean BMI = 28.0 kg/m2), circulating 25‐OHD levels were 8.74 nmol/L lower (95% CI: 4.71 to 12.77) in cancer survivors with BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 compared with those with BMI < 25.0 kg/m2. This association was, however, limited to those with moderate CRP (−9.90 nmol/L, 95% CI: −16.45 to −3.36) and high CRP (−11.61 nmol/L, 95% CI: −18.71 to −5.05), but not among those with low CRP levels (−5.31 nmol/L, 95% CI:−12.66 to 2.04).ConclusionsA greater understanding of the interplay between 25‐OHD and inflammation in cancer survivors with obesity should allow for targeted secondary prevention and help improve prognosis in these patients.
Simulating the Impact of Crime on African American Women's Physical Activity and Obesity
Authors: Powell‐Wiley Tiffany M. , Wong Michelle S. , Adu‐Brimpong Joel , Brown Shawn T. , Hertenstein Daniel L. , Zenkov Eli , Ferguson Marie C. , Thomas Samantha , Sampson Dana , Ahuja Chaarushi , Rivers Joshua , Lee Bruce Y. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to quantify the impact of crime on physical activity location accessibility, leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA), and obesity among African American women.MethodsAn agent‐based model was developed in 2016 to represent resource‐limited Washington, DC, communities and their populations to simulate the impact of crime on LTPA and obesity among African American women under different circumstances.ResultsData analysis conducted between 2016 and 2017 found that in the baseline scenario, African American women had a 25% probability of exercising. Reducing crime so more physical activity locations were accessible (increasing from 10% to 50%) decreased the annual rise in obesity prevalence by 2.69%. Increasing the probability of African American women to exercise to 37.5% further increased the impact of reducing crime on obesity (2.91% annual decrease in obesity prevalence).ConclusionsThese simulations showed that crime may serve as a barrier to LTPA. Reducing crime and increasing propensity to exercise through multilevel interventions (i.e., economic development initiatives to increase time available for physical activity and subsidized health care) may promote greater than linear declines in obesity prevalence. Crime prevention strategies alone can help prevent obesity, but combining such efforts with other ways to encourage physical activity can yield even greater benefits.
Negotiation of subjectivities and intersubjectivities in the classroom
Authors: Morgade Marta , Mendoza Karmele 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the presence of intersubjective asymmetries as an ethical, epistemological, and social challenge in a school. We explore various aspects of interaction between teacher, students, and researcher in school during a music room. A workshop of audiovisual narratives that has been made with teenagers in a Spain school with the aim that young people themselves documented their own musical practices through tools and narratives that are common outside of school (audio, photography, video, etc.). We based our work on the principles of participatory research, participants showed those meanings that they had music in their life, all aimed to all the work that serve to modify practices and musical activities at school that were taking place. Some of the obstacles found in workshop are described as barriers that relate to the processes of delegitimization of musical culture of youth reported previously and their knowledge in the school. This project began founding the presence of those intersubjective asymmetries as a challenge to constituting a community of practice and learning, where a pedagogical transformation was waited, new forms of teachers and students participation.
Increasing equitable care for youth through coordinated school health
Authors: Sanetti Lisa M. Hagermoser 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNearly a quarter of the students in the U.S. education system have a chronic health condition, disability, or special healthcare need. Students living in poverty and those at risk for or with disabilities have higher rates of health issues and encounter more barriers to accessing appropriate health care than their peers. The reciprocal influences between health and education as critical social determinants for youth are well established and prompted the development of a comprehensive model of school‐based coordinated health, the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model. A brief overview of (a) education‐related health issues experienced by students living in poverty and those at risk for or with disabilities, (b) access to health care, (c) the need for coordinated care, and (d) the WSCC model are provided. The WSCC model represents an unprecedented opportunity to increase equitable care for youth through coordinated school health.
Cross‐species complementation reveals conserved functions for EARLY FLOWERING 3 between monocots and dicots
Authors: Huang He , Gehan Malia A. , Huss Sarah E. , Alvarez Sophie , Lizarraga Cesar , Gruebbling Ellen L. , Gierer John , Naldrett Michael J. , Bindbeutel Rebecca K. , Evans Bradley S. , Mockler Todd C. , Nusinow Dmitri A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPlant responses to the environment are shaped by external stimuli and internal signaling pathways. In both the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) and crop species, circadian clock factors are critical for growth, flowering, and circadian rhythms. Outside of Arabidopsis, however, little is known about the molecular function of clock gene products. Therefore, we sought to compare the function of Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) and Setaria viridis (Setaria) orthologs of EARLY FLOWERING 3, a key clock gene in Arabidopsis. To identify both cycling genes and putative ELF3 functional orthologs in Setaria, a circadian RNA‐seq dataset and online query tool (Diel Explorer) were generated to explore expression profiles of Setaria genes under circadian conditions. The function of ELF3 orthologs from Arabidopsis, Brachypodium, and Setaria was tested for complementation of an elf3 mutation in Arabidopsis. We find that both monocot orthologs were capable of rescuing hypocotyl elongation, flowering time, and arrhythmic clock phenotypes. Using affinity purification and mass spectrometry, our data indicate that BdELF3 and SvELF3 could be integrated into similar complexes in vivo as AtELF3. Thus, we find that, despite 180 million years of separation, BdELF3 and SvELF3 can functionally complement loss of ELF3 at the molecular and physiological level.
Nitrogen Deficiency Induced Alterations in the Root Proteome of a Pair of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties Contrasting for their Response to Low N
Authors: Jozefowicz Anna Maria , Hartmann Anja , Matros Andrea , Schum Annegret , Mock Hans‐Peter 
Published: October 2017

AbstractImproving crop nitrogen use efficiency is important both from the economic and the environmental viewpoint. Here, the aim is to highlight differences between the proteomic response of the roots of two potato cultivars contrasting in their response to nitrogen (N) deficiency, in an effort to understand which proteins and metabolic pathways contribute to the tolerance of N deprivation. The two cultivars ‘‘Topas’’ (tolerant) and ‘‘Lambada’’ (sensitive) are grown under both an N sufficient and an N deficient regime, using an in vitro‐based cultivation system. Responsive proteins are identified and quantified using label‐free quantitative shotgun proteomics. The contrasting cultivars differed with respect to components of the glutamine synthetase/glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway as well as protein and amino acid synthesis machinery. Additional differences are associated with protein catabolism and defense mechanisms.
Temperature‐dependent changes in the hydrogen bonded hard segment network and microphase morphology in a model polyurethane: Experimental and simulation studies
Authors: Yildirim Erol , Yurtsever Mine , Yilgör Emel , Yilgör Iskender , Wilkes Garth L. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTHydrogen bonding between hard segments has a critical effect on the morphology and properties of polyurethanes. Influence of temperature on hydrogen bonded urethane network and melting behavior of a model semicrystalline segmented polyurethane was investigated by experiments and simulations. Polyurethane was synthesized by the stoichiometric reaction between p‐phenylene diisocyanate and poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) with a molecular weight of 1000 g/mol. Simulations were carried out using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) and molecular dynamics (MD) approaches. Experimental melting behavior obtained by various techniques was compared with simulations. DPD simulations showed a room temperature microphase morphology consisting of a three‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonded urethane hard segment network in a continuous and amorphous PTMO matrix. The first‐order melting transitions of crystalline urethane hard segments observed during the continuous isobaric heating in DPD and MD simulations (340–360 K) were in reasonably good agreement with those observed experimentally, such as AFM (320–340 K), WAXS (330–360 K), and FTIR (320–350 K) measurements. Quantitative verification of the melting of urethane hard segments was demonstrated by sharp discontinuities in energy versus temperature plots obtained by MD simulations due to substantial decrease in the number of hydrogen bonds above 340 K. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 182–192
Grass cell walls have a role in the inherent tolerance of grasses to the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben
Authors: Brabham Chad , Stork Jozsef , Barrett Michael , DeBolt Seth 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDCellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are pre‐emergence herbicides that inhibit anisotropic cell expansion resulting in a severely swollen and stunted growth phenotype. Resistance to group 21 CBIs, such as isoxaben, is conferred by missense mutations in CELLOSE SYNTHASE A (CesA) genes required for primary cell wall synthesis, concluding that this is their in vivo target.RESULTSHerein, we show that grasses exhibit tolerance to group 21 CBIs and explore the mechanism of tolerance to isoxaben in the grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.). Comparative genomics failed to identify synonymous point mutations that have been found to confer isoxaben resistance in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). Brachypodium did not metabolize 14C‐isoxaben. We next explored the role of grass‐specific non‐cellulosic cell wall components, specifically the hemicellulose polysaccharide mix linkage glucans (MLG), as a potential tolerance mechanism by compensating for the loss of cellulose during cell elongation. A partial‐transcriptional knockdown T‐DNA insertion was found in a key MLG synthesis gene, Cellulose synthase‐like F6 (CslF6) and this mutant was found to be 2.1 times more sensitive to isoxaben than wild‐type plants.CONCLUSIONThese data suggest that the composition and compensatory response of grass cell walls may be a factor in conferring tolerance to group 21 CBIs. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Slippage estimation and compensation for planetary exploration rovers. State of the art and future challenges
Authors: Gonzalez Ramon , Iagnemma Karl 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFuture lunar/planetary exploration missions will demand mobile robots with the capability of reaching more challenging science targets and driving farther per day than the current Mars rovers. Among other improvements, reliable slippage estimation and compensation strategies will play a key role in enabling a safer and more efficient navigation. This paper reviews and discusses this body of research in the context of planetary exploration rovers. Previously published state‐of‐the‐art methods that have been validated through field testing are included as exemplary results. Limitations of the current techniques and recommendations for future developments and planetary missions close the survey.
Dibutyltin depressed immune functions via NF‐κB, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Nuan , Zhang Ji‐Liang , Huang Yong , Ren Hong‐Tao , Guan Su‐Hua , Zeng Qing‐Hui 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDibutyltin (DBT) is the degradation products of TBT, which is generally considered higher toxicity than TBT in the immune system. In order to learn more about the mechanisms of immune‐toxic of DBT, we exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) to 0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/L DBT for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, we determined the immune parameters and immune‐related genes. The results showed that with an increase in TBT dose, lysozyme activities and IgM, C3, C4 content in intestine, skin and spleen were all significantly inhibited by the DBT exposure. Fish exposed to 10 ng/L and 100 ng/L showed significantly lower lysozyme activities and IgM, C3, C4 content than those of the control group. Zebrafish exposed to 10 ng/L and 100 ng/L DBT, the mRNA transcript levels of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interferon γ2 (INFγ2), nuclear factor‐κB p65 (NF‐kB p65), inhibitor protein‐κBα (IκBα), IκB kinases β (IKKβ), Janus family of protein tyrosine kinases (JAKs) and the signal transducers and activators of transcription proteins (STATs) all increased with the DBT levels in the intestine and spleen. Those parameters showed significantly higher values in 10 ng/L and 100 ng/L than those of fish in the control group. However, no significant difference was found in IκB kinases α (IKKα) and IκB kinase γ (IKKγ) mRNA levels in the intestine and spleen. These data imply that DBT might be via suppression on IKKβ/IkBa/NF‐kBp65 and JAK/STAT signaling pathways to regulate the immunity of zebrafish.
Experimental Study on the Activities of Al and Ca in Ferrosilicon
Authors: Tomé-Torquemada Silvia , Glaser Björn , Hildal Kjetil , Sichen Du 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Experiments were carried out to determine the activities of Al and Ca in liquid ferrosilicon (with about 50 wt pct Si) at 1823 K (1550 °C) in their dilution ranges. Liquid FeSi50 and SiO2-Al2O3-CaO slag were stirred mechanically in a graphite crucible to enhance the transfer of Al and Ca between the two phases. The stirring time for the two phases to reach equilibrium was studied. It was found that a time of 45 minutes was long enough to reach the slag–metal equilibrium. The activities of Al and Ca in the ferrosilicon alloy were calculated based on the compositions of the two liquid phases. The activity coefficients obtained for Al and Ca in the liquid FeSi50 at 1823 K (1550 °C) were found to be nearly constant in the composition range studied.
Conserved brain myelination networks are altered in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Allen Mariet , Wang Xue , Burgess Jeremy D. , Watzlawik Jens , Serie Daniel J. , Younkin Curtis S. , Nguyen Thuy , Malphrus Kimberly G. , Lincoln Sarah , Carrasquillo Minerva M. , Ho Charlotte , Chakrabarty Paramita , Strickland Samantha , Murray Melissa E. , Swarup Vivek , Geschwind Daniel H. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Dammer Eric B. , Lah James J. , Levey Allan I. , Golde Todd E. , Funk Cory , Li Hongdong , Price Nathan D. , Petersen Ronald C. , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Younkin Steven G. , Dickson Dennis W. , Crook Julia R. , Asmann Yan W. , Ertekin‐Taner Nilüfer 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionComparative transcriptome analyses in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative proteinopathies can uncover both shared and distinct disease pathways.MethodsWe analyzed 940 brain transcriptomes including patients with AD, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; a primary tauopathy), and control subjects.ResultsWe identified transcriptional coexpression networks implicated in myelination, which were lower in PSP temporal cortex (TCX) compared with AD. Some of these associations were retained even after adjustments for brain cell population changes. These TCX myelination network structures were preserved in cerebellum but they were not differentially expressed in cerebellum between AD and PSP. Myelination networks were downregulated in both AD and PSP, when compared with control TCX samples.DiscussionDownregulation of myelination networks may underlie both PSP and AD pathophysiology, but may be more pronounced in PSP. These data also highlight conservation of transcriptional networks across brain regions and the influence of cell type changes on these networks.
A novel volumetric criterion for optimal shape matching of surfaces for protein-protein docking
Authors: Voruganti Hari K. , Dasgupta Bhaskar 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe problem of molecular docking is to predict whether two given molecules bind together to interact. A shape-based algorithm is proposed for predictive docking by noting that shape complementarity between their outer surfaces is necessary for two molecules to bind. A methodology with five stages has been developed to find the pose in which the shape complementarity is maximum. It involves surface generation, segmentation, parameterization, shape matching, and filtering and scoring. The most significant contribution of this paper is the novel scoring function called ‘Normalized Volume Mismatch’ which evaluates the matching between a pair of surface patches efficiently by measuring the gap or solid volume entrapped between two patches of a pair of proteins when they are placed one against the other at a contact point. After the evaluation, it is found that, with local shape complementarity as the only criterion, the algorithm is able to predict a conformation close to the exact one, in case of known docking conformations, and also rank the same among the top 40 solutions. This is remarkable considering the fact that many existing docking methods fail to rank a near-native conformation among top 50 solutions. The shape-based approaches are used for the initial stage of docking to identify a small set of candidate solutions to be investigated further with exhaustive energy studies etc. The ability of capturing the correct conformation as highly ranked among top few candidate solutions is the most valuable facet of this new predictive docking algorithm.Highlights A new rigid-body docking algorithm is proposed for protein–protein docking. An approach using techniques of cad/cam for a problem in biology is presented. Unlike many existing ones, a volume based scoring criterion is proposed. The new criteria can capture even multiple possible docking conformation. Entire automatic docking procedures is based on shape complementarity only.
Radiocarbon Measurements of Paper: A Forensic Case Study to Determine the Absolute Age of Paper in Documents and Works of Art
Authors: Huels C Matthias , Pensold Sabine , Pigorsch Enrico 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIn a case study to assess the possibilities and limitations of determining the exact age of paper, we measured radiocarbon (14C) concentrations in bulk-paper cellulose and starch extracts from 20 known-age paper samples of the last 65 yr. As expected, 14C concentrations in single-seasonal grown starch extracts are in reasonably good agreement with post-bomb atmospheric 14C. In contrast, 14C concentrations in bulk-paper cellulose indicate apparent admixtures of tree-ring fibers spanning up to >50 yr. In a forensic investigation, combining 14C results from single-seasonal components like starch with those from long-lived fibers, could potentially enhance the precision of paper production-date estimates for samples made after 1955.