bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light and Temperature Requirements during Germination of Potential Perennial Grasses for Rehabilitation of Degraded Sandy Arabian Deserts
Authors: El‐Keblawy Ali 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFew plants can tolerate the loose sandy‐soils of the arid deserts. Selection of native plants that could be used in rehabilitation of degraded deserts necessitates information about their seed dormancy and germination requirements. This study assessed the effects of light and temperature requirements during germination for eight common perennial grasses that have the potential to rehabilitate the arid Arabian deserts. The selected grasses vary considerably in seed mass. Germination of clonally propagated grasses (six species) was significantly greater, but slower, than that of two non‐clonal grasses. Four of these six species (Lasiurus scindicus, Panicum turgidum, Aeluropus lagopoides and Halopyrum mucronatum) produce larger seeds and attained greater germination in both light and darkness at a wide range of temperatures. However, the other two (Centropodia forsskaolii and Coelachyrum piercei) produce medium‐sized seeds with higher dormancy. Smaller seeds of Sporobolus arabicus were positively photoblastic at all temperatures, but those of Sporobolus spicatus were neutrally photoblastic at lower temperatures and positively photoblastic at higher temperatures. There was a significant negative relationship between seed mass and relative light germination, indicating that small seeds require more light during germination. It is recommended to use seeds of the six clonal grasses for restoration of degraded arid deserts. The ability of these grasses to germinate in different light and temperature regimes indicates their ability to germinate at any time of the year, even when seeds are buried. The light and temperature requirements of the different grasses are explained in the light of their adaptation and distribution in natural habitats. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioprinting Using Mechanically Robust Core–Shell Cell‐Laden Hydrogel Strands
Authors: Mistry Pritesh , Aied Ahmed , Alexander Morgan , Shakesheff Kevin , Bennett Andrew , Yang Jing 
Published: February 2017

The strand material in extrusion‐based bioprinting determines the microenvironments of the embedded cells and the initial mechanical properties of the constructs. One unmet challenge is the combination of optimal biological and mechanical properties in bioprinted constructs. Here, a novel bioprinting method that utilizes core–shell cell‐laden strands with a mechanically robust shell and an extracellular matrix‐like core has been developed. Cells encapsulated in the strands demonstrate high cell viability and tissue‐like functions during cultivation. This process of bioprinting using core–shell strands with optimal biochemical and biomechanical properties represents a new strategy for fabricating functional human tissues and organs.
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Effects of Hydrophobic Modifications and Phase Transitions of Polyvinylamine Hydrogel Films on Reversible CO2 Capture Behavior: Comparison between Copolymer Films and Blend Films for Temperature‐Responsive CO2 Absorption
Authors: Yue Mengchen , Imai Kenta , Yamashita Chie , Miura Yoshiko , Hoshino Yu 
Published: February 2017

The separation of CO2 from large emission sources is essential to both mitigate the greenhouse effect, as well as generate carbon‐based energy. However, energy consumption of conventional CO2 separation processes, which using aqueous amine solution as absorbent, is too large. It is has been previously reported that hydrogel films that are consisting of temperature‐responsive amine‐containing polymers can be energy efficient CO2 absorbent—the films can reversibly capture and release large amount of CO2 via temperature‐induced phase transition of hydrogels. However, the study is limited to the films consisting of gel particles of polyacrylamides. In this study, a series of hydrogel films consisting of a mass‐produced amine‐containing linear polymer, polyvinyl amine (PVAm), are prepared, and the efficiencies of their reversible CO2 capture are tested. The effects of hydrophobic modifications and the temperature dependent phase transition behaviors of the films on the reversible CO2 capture efficiency are studied in detail. The function of hydrogel films containing modified PVAm (copolymers), as well as blend films of nonmodified PVAm and 100% modified PVAm, are compared for the first time. The results reveal that the reversible CO2 capture efficiency of polyamine films can be improved just by blending with temperature‐responsive polymers.
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Light‐Switchable Self‐Healing Hydrogel Based on Host–Guest Macro‐Crosslinking
Authors: Yang Qiaofeng , Wang Ping , Zhao Chuanzhuang , Wang Wenqin , Yang Jingfa , Liu Qiao 
Published: February 2017

A self‐healing hydrogel is prepared by crosslinking acrylamide with a host–guest macro‐crosslinker assembled from poly(β‐cyclodextrin) nanogel and azobenzeneacrylamide. The photoisomerizable azobenzene moiety can change its binding affinity with β‐cyclodextrin, therefore the crosslinking density and rheology property of the hydrogel can be tuned with light stimulus. The hydrogel can repair its wound autonomously through the dynamic host–guest interaction. In addition, the wounded hydrogel will lose its ability of self‐healing when exposed to ultraviolet light, and the self‐healing behavior can be recovered upon the irradiation of visible light. The utilizing of host–guest macro‐crosslinking approach manifests the as‐prepared hydrogel reversible and light‐switchable self‐healing property, which would broaden the potential applications of self‐healing polymers.
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Ion transport properties of mechanically stable symmetric ABCBA pentablock copolymers with quaternary ammonium functionalized midblock
Authors: Ertem S. Piril , Caire Benjamin R. , Tsai Tsung‐Han , Zeng Di , Vandiver Melissa A. , Kusoglu Ahmet , Seifert Soenke , Hayward Ryan C. , Weber Adam Z. , Herring Andrew M. , Coughlin E. Bryan , Liberatore Matthew W. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTAnion exchange membranes (AEMs) are a promising class of materials for applications that require selective ion transport, such as fuel cells, water purification, and electrolysis devices. Studies of structure–morphology–property relationships of ion‐exchange membranes revealed that block copolymers exhibit improved ion conductivity and mechanical properties due to their microphase‐separated morphologies with well‐defined ionic domains. While most studies focused on symmetric diblock or triblock copolymers, here, the first example of a midblock quaternized pentablock AEM is presented. A symmetric ABCBA pentablock copolymer was functionalized to obtain a midblock brominated polymer. Solution cast films were then quaternized to obtain AEMs with resulting ion exchange capacities (IEC) ranging from 0.4 to 0.9 mmol/g. Despite the relatively low IEC, the polymers were highly conductive (up to 60 mS/cm Br− at 90 °C and 95%RH) with low water absorption (<25 wt %) and maintained adequate mechanical properties in both dry and hydrated conditions. X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed formation of cylindrical non‐ionic domains in a connected ionic phase. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 612–622
Targeting human SET1/MLL family of proteins
Authors: Vedadi Masoud , Blazer Levi , Eram Mohammad S. , Barsyte‐Lovejoy Dalia , Arrowsmith Cheryl H. , Hajian Taraneh 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe SET1 family of proteins, and in particular MLL1, are essential regulators of transcription and key mediators of normal development and disease. Here, we summarize the detailed characterization of the methyltransferase activity of SET1 complexes and the role of the key subunits, WDR5, RbBP5, ASH2L, and DPY30. We present new data on full kinetic characterization of human MLL1, MLL3, SET1A, and SET1B trimeric, tetrameric, and pentameric complexes to elaborate on substrate specificities and compare our findings with what has been reported before. We also review exciting recent work identifying potent inhibitors of oncogenic MLL1 function through disruption of protein–protein interactions within the MLL1 complex.
A Regioselective Multicomponent Cascade to Access Thiosemicarbazone–fused Thiazinones: Scope, Structure Elucidation and Gram Scale Synthesis
Authors: Wadhwa Preeti , Bagchi Sourav , Sharma Anuj 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA novel synthesis of thiosemicarbazone fused thiazinones is described via solvent free multicomponent reaction of readily available thiosemicarbazide or thiocarbohydrazide, aldehydes and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates. The merit of this cascade thiosemicarbazone formation/Michael addition/cyclization sequence is highlighted by its high atom‐economy and efficiency of producing three or four new bonds (one or two C=N, one C−S and one C−N) in a single operation with 100% regioselectivity. The structure was unambiguously assigned by 2D‐NMR. Short reaction time, operational simplicity, excellent yields, gram scale‐up and no chromatographic purification in the entire process makes the protocol very useful for academia and industry.
Host‐Guest Chemistry of Linked β‐ and γ‐Cyclodextrin Dimers and 1‐ and 2‐Naphthyl‐Sulfonamide Substituted Poly(acrylate)s in Aqueous Solution
Authors: McTernan Hamish L. , Ngo Huy T. , Pham Duc‐Truc , Clements Philip , Lincoln Stephen F. , Wang Jie , Guo Xuhong , Easton Christopher J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHost‐guest complexation by β‐ and γ‐cyclodextrin and their four succinamide‐linked dimers of the naphthyl substituents of four randomly substituted poly(acrylate)s in twenty‐four aqueous systems has been characterised. Complexation occurs through entry of the naphthyl substituents into the cyclodextrin annuli. The naphthyl substitution position, the length of the tether attaching the naphthyl substituent to the poly(acrylate) backbone and the size and stereochemistry of the cyclodextrin hosts determine the relative stabilities of poly(acrylate) intra‐strand complexes in dilute solution and the formation of inter‐strand cross‐links in more concentrated solution.
Ni‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Methylenebisamides: Dual Role of DMSO Both as Methylene Source and Oxidant
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Tavakoli Ghazal , Saeednia Borna 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of methylenebisamides using a nickel‐catalyzed C−S bond cleavage of DMSO was achieved. Remarkable results obtained from mechanistic experiments clearly show that DMSO plays a dual role in this transformation; both as an economical and environmentally benign one‐carbon synthon and an oxidizing agent. Also, based on these mechanistic studies, a mechanism was proposed for the formation of methylenebisamide. Both (hetero)aromatic and pseudo‐aromatic nitriles and amides can be employed for the synthesis of methylenebisamides. The results of robustness screen analyses further showed that the procedure is of high tolerance to different chemical functionalities and chemical motifs. The optimized conditions are scalable with very good to excellent yields and the process is atom‐economic. Moreover, purified products were obtained in good to excellent yields through a facile crystallization procedure.
Evaluation of 6‐Deoxy–amino–sugars as Potent Glycosidase Inhibitors. Importance of the CH2OH(6) Group for Enzyme‐Substrate Interaction
Authors: Sarazin Hervé , Prudent Sandrine , Defoin Albert , Tarnus Céline 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOptically active or racemic 6‐deoxy‐analogues of the nojirimycine d‐1 a in allose, glucose, fucose, talose and gulose series were evaluated as glycosidase inhibitors. These compounds were analysed either as their sulfite adducts or as the “true” amino‐sugars (the exact copies of aldoses with intracyclic oxygen replaced by nitrogen) or as their reduced 1‐deoxy‐form depending on the series. Some compounds are potent inhibitors of α‐ and β‐d‐glucosidases and α‐ and β‐d‐galactosidases. Racemic compounds in talose and gulose series were also micromolar inhibitors of α‐l‐fucosidase and β‐d‐galactosidase, while the talose analogues were active against β‐d‐mannosidase. Comparison of these inhibition data with those of amino‐hexoses possessing the CH2OH group permitted to evaluate the implication of the C(6)‐OH in enzyme‐inhibitor interactions, which seem to occur particularly with α‐d‐glucosidase (yeast) and α‐d‐galactosidase (green coffee beans). The cases of the β‐d‐glucosidase and β‐d‐galactosidase were discussed.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Atf1p is an alcohol acetyltransferase and a thioesterase in vitro
Authors: Nancolas Bethany , Bull Ian D. , Stenner Richard , Dufour Virginie , Curnow Paul 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe alcohol‐O‐acyltransferases are bisubstrate enzymes that catalyse the transfer of acyl chains from an acyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) donor to an acceptor alcohol. In the industrial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae this reaction produces acyl esters that are an important influence on the flavour of fermented beverages and foods. There is also a growing interest in using acyltransferases to produce bulk quantities of acyl esters in engineered microbial cell factories. However, the structure and function of the alcohol‐O‐acyltransferases remain only partly understood. Here, we recombinantly express, purify and characterize Atf1p, the major alcohol acetyltransferase from S. cerevisiae. We find that Atf1p is promiscuous with regard to the alcohol cosubstrate but that the acyltransfer activity is specific for acetyl‐CoA. Additionally, we find that Atf1p is an efficient thioesterase in vitro with specificity towards medium‐chain‐length acyl‐CoAs. Unexpectedly, we also find that mutating the supposed catalytic histidine (H191) within the conserved HXXXDG active site motif only moderately reduces the thioesterase activity of Atf1p. Our results imply a role for Atf1p in CoA homeostasis and suggest that engineering Atf1p to reduce the thioesterase activity could improve product yields of acetate esters from cellular factories. © 2017 The Authors. Yeast published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition During Intramacrophagic Transformation of Leishmania donovani Complex Promastigotes into Amastigotes
Authors: Bouazizi‐Ben Messaoud Hana , Guichard Marion , Lawton Philippe , Delton Isabelle , Azzouz‐Maache Samira 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLeishmania sp., are trypanosomatid parasites that are phagocytized by human and animal macrophages. Transformation from the vector promastigote stage to the intracellular amastigote host cell stage is mandatory, since development in the host depends on the internalization of the parasite. We identified and analyzed the lipids involved in the promastigote to amastigote transformation process in the Leishmania donovani complex. Four lipid classes, phospholipids, free fatty acids, triglycerides and sterols were studied. The derivatization method of Bligh and Dyer was used to establish the fatty acid composition in each stage of the parasite. To stay within the context of Leishmania infection, we used amastigotes extracted from macrophages after experimental in vitro infection. The purification process was checked by electronic microscopy, the absence of major contamination by host‐cell debris and a correct purification yield validated our experimental model. Our results show that free fatty acids and cholesterol increased, whereas triglycerides and ergosterol decreased during the transition between promastigotes to amastigotes. With respect to phospholipid classes, we found increased proportion of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine and lowered proportion of phosphatidylinositol and lysophosphatidylethanolamine. Regarding fatty acid composition, a significant increase of n‐7 fatty acids was observed in amastigotes. Overall, the total n‐6 fatty acids were decreased in PL. Several of the changes were also observed in TG and free fatty acids. Particularly, n‐7 fatty acids and 20:4n‐6 were highly increased, whereas n‐9 fatty acid and n‐6 precursors decreased.
Recovery, relapse, or else? Treatment outcomes in gambling disorder from a multicenter follow-up study
Authors: Müller K.W. , Wölfling K. , Dickenhorst U. , Beutel M.E. , Medenwaldt J. , Koch A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurpose:Gambling disorder is associated with various adverse effects. While data on the immediate effectiveness of treatment programs are available, follow-up studies examining long-term effects are scarce and factors contributing to a stable therapy outcome versus relapse are under-researched.Materials and methods:Patients (n = 270) finishing inpatient treatment for gambling disorder regularly participated in a prospective multicenter follow-up study (pre-treatment, post-treatment, 12-month follow-up). Criteria for gambling disorder, psychopathology, functional impairment were defined as endpoints. Changes in personality were defined as an additional parameter.Results:At follow-up, three groups were identified: subjects maintaining full abstinence (41.6%), patients still meeting criteria for gambling disorder (29.2%), and subjects still participating in gambling without meeting the diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder (29.2%). Every group had improvements in functional impairment, abstinent subjects showed the lowest psychopathology. Significant decreases in neuroticism and increases in both extraversion and conscientiousness were found among abstinent subjects but not in patients still meeting criteria for gambling disorder.Discussion:One year after treatment, a considerable percentage of patients kept on gambling but not all of them were classified with gambling disorder leading to the question if abstinence is a necessary goal for every patient.Conclusions:The changes of personality in abstinent patients indicate that after surmounting gambling disorder a subsequent maturing of personality might be a protective factor against relapse.
Age‐Related Changes in Morphology and Function of Scapular Muscles in Asymptomatic People
Authors: Morise Shuhei , Muraki Takayuki , Ishikawa Hiroaki , Izumi Shin‐Ichi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundAging is a contributing factor to rotator cuff tears. Dysfunction of the scapular muscles can be a potential cause of rotator cuff tears. Although aging can contribute to dysfunction of the scapular muscles and subsequently result in rotator cuff tears, the effects of aging on scapular muscles are unclear.ObjectiveTo determine changes in sizes and electromyographic activities of the scapular muscles with age in asymptomatic subjects.DesignCross‐sectional study.PatientsFifty‐four asymptomatic subjects without shoulder pain and dysfunction (18 male and 36 female) were recruited for this study. Subjects consisted of 19 people aged 20‐39 years (young adult group, 27.2 ± 5.2 years), 17 people aged 40‐59 years (middle age group, 49.9 ± 6.6 years), and 18 people aged 60‐79 years (elderly group, 68.0 ± 7.1 years).MethodsUsing ultrasonography, we measured the muscle thickness of the trapezius (upper and lower portions), serratus anterior, and middle deltoid muscles during rest with the subject in a sitting position. Activities of the same muscles were measured with surface electromyography during shoulder elevation in the scapular plane up to 120°. The electromyographic data were analyzed at ranges 0°‐30°, 30°‐60°, and 60°‐90°. Analysis of variance and Bonferroni multiple comparisons were used for statistical analysis.ResultsMuscle thickness of the lower trapezius in the elderly group was decreased significantly compared with that in the young adult group (95% confidence interval −0.40, 2.24; P < .001) and middle age group (95% confidence interval −0.34, 1.89; P = .012). There were no significant differences in muscle activity and activity ratio between groups.ConclusionIn scapular muscles, muscle thickness of the lower trapezius significantly decreased with aging, although there were no decreases in muscle thicknesses of the other muscles between different age groups. For the functional change, aging may not affect the scapular muscle activities and balance of the activities between the deltoid and scapular muscles.Level of EvidenceIV
On positive Liouville theorems and asymptotic behavior of solutions of Fuchsian type elliptic operators
Authors: Pinchover Yehuda 
Published: February 2017

Using the Harnack inequality and a scaling argument we prove some positive Liouville theorems for a Fuchsian type linear elliptic operator

P

on some domains in

ℝ^d

with some prescribed boundary conditions. We also study the asymptotic behavior of the quotients of two positive solutions of linear and semilinear equations.

Résumé

Avec l’aide de l’inégalité de Harnack et d’un argument de scaling nous démontrons des théorèmes de type Liouville pour des fonctions

P

-harmoniques positives d’un opérateur linéaire elliptique

P

de type fuchsien sur certaines régions de

ℝ^d

avec conditions limites. Nous étudions également le comportement asymptotique des quotients de deux solutions positives des équations linéaires et semi-linéaires.
Continuous dependence in L2 for discontinuous solutions of the viscous p-system
Authors: Hoff David , Zarnowski Roger 
Published: February 2017

We prove that discontinuous solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations for isentropic or isothermal flow depend continuously on their initial data in

L^2

. This improves earlier results in which continuous dependence was known only in a much stronger norm, a norm inappropriately strong for the physical model. We also apply our continuous dependence theory to obtain improved rates of convergence for certain finite difference approximations.

Résumé

Nous prouvons que les solutions discontinues des équations de Navier–Stokes, pour des flots isentropiques ou isothermaux, dépendent continuement des conditions initiales dans

L^2

. Ceci améliore les résultats précédents dans lesquels la continuité de la dépendance n’était connue que pour une norme beaucoup plus forte, inappropriée pour le modèle physique. Nous appliquons aussi cette théorie de la dépendance continue pour obtenir une amélioration des taux de convergence pour certaines approximations aux différences finies.
On distribution functions of the derivatives of weakly differentiable mappings
Authors: Mizel Victor J. 
Published: February 2017

In this paper I describe and resolve affirmatively the following question: For a function on the unit interval possessing an absolutely continuous first derivative, does the joint distribution of the function and its first derivative fully determine the distribution of the second derivative? I also describe some consequences and extensions of the result.

Résumé
Dans ce travail nous abordons et résolvons affirmativement la question suivante: Soit une fonction réelle définie sur l’intervalle [0, 1] et dotée d’une dérivée première absolument continue. Est-ce que la distribution conjointe de la fonction et de sa dérivée première détermine complètement la distribution de la dérivée seconde? Nous décrivons quelques conséquences et généralisations de ce résultat.