bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Psychoanalysis and Long-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy 10 Years After Start of Treatment
Authors: Lindfors O. , Knekt P. , Lehtonen J. , Virtala E. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe evidence of potentially greater long-term benefits of psychoanalysis (PA) in comparison to long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LPP) is scarce.AimsThis study aimed to compare the effectiveness of PA and LPP on different aspects of functioning and wellbeing during a 10-year follow-up from the beginning of the treatments.MethodsAltogether 169 patients were included in the study: 41 patients self-selected for PA and 128 patients assigned to LPP in the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study. The eligible patients were 20–45 years of age and had a long-standing anxiety or mood disorder causing work dysfunction. Potential confounding factors were assessed at baseline and acknowledged in analyzing outcomes in personality (LPO, IIP-64, DSQ, SASB) and social functioning (SAS-SR, SOC, Perceived competence, LSS), psychiatric diagnoses (DSM-IV), symptoms (SCL-90, HDRS, HARS), work ability (SAS-work, WAI, PPF, GAF, work status), and remission, including the use of additional psychiatric treatment, measured 5 to 14 times during the 10-year follow-up.ResultsFrom the 5-year to the 7-year follow-up personality and social functioning improved significantly more in the PA than in the LPP group. In the domain of psychiatric symptoms and work ability practically no differences were found beyond the 5-year follow-up and at the final 10-year measurement, when psychiatric and work status was relatively good in both treatment groups.ConclusionsPA may give additional benefits especially when personality-related long-term aims are essential and less intensive treatments are not considered to be sufficient.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Effectiveness of Treatment of Young Psychotic Patients on Psychotherapeutic Inpatient Unit
Authors: Restek-Petrovic B. , Bogovic A. , Majda G. , Nina M. , Igor F. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe psychotherapeutic unit for psychotic patients in Psychiatric hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb, Croatia provides psychotherapeutic and psychosocial treatment for mostly young psychotic patients. Psychotherapeutic program has basically psychodynamic frame and patients participate in small and medium groups. Also, they participate in workshops based on cognitive behavioral principles (anti-stigma, self-concept, emotion, relationships, goals, stress), psycho-education, therapeutic community, work and occupational therapy, recreational therapy.AimThe aim of this study was to determine effectiveness of this comprehensive program during hospitalization of individuals with first psychotic episode on psychotherapeutic ward. We evaluated the possible changes during treatment in attitudes towards drugs, in quality of life, insight and self-esteem.MethodsParticipants were 37 individuals with first psychotic episode, average age: 25.1. They fulfilled: Drug attitude inventory (DAI-10), The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL), Insight scale and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale at the beginning of treatment and at discharge from the hospital.ResultsResults show tendency of more positive attitude towards drugs at discharge, as well as tendency of better self-esteem, statistically significant more satisfaction with physical health (P = 0.004), psychological health (P = 0.004) and with environment (P = 0.001), and statistically significant better quality of life (P = 0.000). There was no significant difference in insight.ConclusionDuring psychotherapeutic treatment of individuals with first psychotic episode, positive changes were observed. So, our findings indicate importance of implementing such a comprehensive program in treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Relationship Between Self-reported and Clinician-rated Psychopathology in Youth Psychiatric Outpatients
Authors: Silva Ribeiro J. , Morais S. , Oliveira P. , Mendes E. , Botelho A. , Godinho H. , Vale L. , Bessa A. , Renca P. , Santos V. , Madeira N. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPsychopathology rating scales have been widely used. Studies evaluating the congruence between self and observer-reported ratings show inconsistent results.Objectives or aimsDetermine whether there was consistency between psychopathology as assessed by patients and clinicians’ assessment in outpatients observed in the Young Adult Unit of our Psychiatry Department (Coimbra Hospital and University Centre-Portugal).MethodsSocio-demographic characterization was undertaken with young adult outpatients observed during nineteen months (1st January 2015–31st July 2016). Brief Symptom Inventory–53 items (BSI-53) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) were applied at the first clinical evaluation. Spearman correlation coefficient between General Severity Index (GSI) of BSI-53 and BPRS total score was calculated.ResultsDuring the mentioned interval 255 outpatients were observed: 64.3% females and 35.7% males; aged between 17 and 39 years old (average: 20.56; median: 20). Fifty percent were diagnosed with neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (ICD-10 F40-48) and 14.1% with mood disorders (ICD-10 F30-39). BPRS and BSI-53 rating scales were administered to 55 patients: 72.5% females and 27.5% males; average age 21.2. A statistical significant correlation was found between BPRS total and GSI score.ConclusionsSeveral factors can determine the accuracy of psychopathology self-assessment, including diagnosis and severity of illness. In fact, studies show strong correlation between self and observer assessment of depressive and anxious psychopathology, but no correlation in psychotic psychopathological dimensions. Therefore, the correlation found in this population can be explained by the fact that the majority of patients were diagnosed with neurotic, stress-related and somatoform and mood disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Estradiol Production Suppressed by Prolactin in at-risk Mental State and First Episode Psychosis Female Patients? Preliminary Results
Authors: Ittig S. , Studerus E. , Heitz U. , Menghini-Müller S. , Egloff L. , Beck K. , Leanza L. , Andreou C. , Riecher-Rössler A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionClinical, epidemiological and basic research studies have confirmed that estradiol can have protective effects in schizophrenic psychoses. At the same time many patients with schizophrenic psychoses – even antipsychotic naïve at-risk mental state (ARMS) patients show hyperprolactinemia and gonadal dysfunction with estrogen deficiency in women and possibly testosterone deficiency in men.AimTo investigate the relation between the stress hormone prolactin and the sex hormones estradiol in women and testosterone in men in emerging psychosis.MethodsForty-seven antipsychotic-naïve ARMS (38 men and 9 women) and 17 antipsychotic-naive first episode psychosis (FEP) (14 men and 3 women) patients were recruited via the Basel Früherkennung von Psychosen (FePsy) study. Blood was taken under standardized conditions between 8 and 10 am after an overnight fast and 30 minutes of rest. We performed a linear regression model to evaluate the association between prolactin and sex hormones including age and current antidepressant use as covariates.ResultsIn women, estradiol was negatively associated with prolactin (β = −1.28, P = 0.01) whereas in men there was a positive association of testosterone with prolactin (β = 0.52, P = 0.031).ConclusionThe often observed estrogen deficiency in women with psychosis could therefore be explained by the stress hormone prolactin suppressing the gonadal axis already in very early untreated stages of the emerging disease.In ARMS or FEP men prolactin does not seem to influence the gonadal axis in the same way as in women.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Association Between Prolactin Gene Polymorphism (–1149 G/T) and Hyperprolactinemia in Anti-psychotic Treated Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Ivanova S. , Osmanova D. , Boiko A. , Pozhidaev I. , Fedorenko O. , Kornetova E. , Semke A. , Bokhan N. , Wilffert B. , Loonen A. 
Published: June 2017

Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) is a classical side effect of anti-psychotic drugs. Extrapituitary prolactin (PRL) production is regulated by an alternative promoter, which contains the functional single nucleotide polymorphism – 1149 G/T (rs134,1239) in prolactin gene. We examined whether this polymorphism is associated with hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia. The experimental group comprised 443 patients with schizophrenia. The control group comprised 126 healthy persons. The PRL concentration was measured in serum using the AccuBind ELISA Microwells kit. The functional polymorphism – 1149 G/T (rs134,1239) of the PRL gene was genotyped using the The MassARRAY® system. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared using χ2 test. A total of 227 patients suffered from HPRL (98 males/129 females) according to the criteria of hyperprolactinemia. The frequency of genotypes and alleles in patients with schizophrenia did not differ from those in control subjects. A comparison between patients with schizophrenia with and without hyperprolactinemia revealed that the frequency of G allele in patients with hyperprolactinemia is significantly higher than in patients without hyperprolactinemia (χ2 = 7.25; P = 0.007; OR = 1.44 [1.10–1.89]). Accordingly, the genotype GG was found to be more often in patients with hyperprolactinemia than without it (χ2 = 9.49; P = 0.009). A significant association of the polymorphic variant rs134,1239 with the development of hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia treated with anti-psychotic drugs was revealed. Therefore, the serum concentration of prolactin in anti-psychotic treatment patients with schizophrenia may also give an indication of the activity of gene regulating extrapituitary prolactin expression.The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Grant 14-35-00023.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Relationships Between Smoking, Psychopathology and Medication Outside Effects in Schizophrenia
Authors: Ghanmi L. , Zitoun K. , Zouari L. , Maalej M. 
Published: June 2017

AimTo determine the relationship between smoking status and clinical characteristics of schizophrenic patients.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional study. One hundred and seventy-five schizophrenic outpatients were assessed by the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), the scale of measurement of abnormal involuntary movements (AIMS) and by the rating scale akathisia caused by a drug Thomas Barnes. Current smokers (n = 85) were compared to non-smokers (n = 90) on clinical variables.ResultsThe mean number of cigarettes was 15 cig/day. In our sample, current smokers account for half of the patients and were exclusively men. Smokers were significantly more single patients (76.5 vs. 58.9, P = 0.01). There were no significant differences between smokers and non-smokers regarding clinical variables, including age of onset of the disease, the duration of the disease, the severity of positive and negative symptoms, and GAF scores. Smoking was significantly associated with more frequent prescription of conventional neuroleptics (98.8 vs. 92%, P = 0.03) and poorer adherence to treatment (77 vs. 62.2%, P = 0.02). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding the average doses of neuroleptics, the presence of extrapyramidal signs, scores on the AIMS score and akathisia.ConclusionSmoking is common in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Smoking status should be considered in the assessment of neuroleptic treatment in schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Medical Comorbidity in Schizophrenia
Authors: Pestana Santos A. , Amílcar Teixeira J. 
Published: June 2017

People with schizophrenia have higher prevalence of physical disease and its lifespan is shortened when compared with general population. On average, they die 10 to 25 years earlier than general population.AimThe authors aim to identify the main comorbidities in people with schizophrenia and define strategies to prevent it.MethodsLiterature review on Medline database.ResultsPeople with schizophrenia have higher risk to have hepatitis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, overweight, sexual dysfunction and obstetric complications. This high vulnerability is associated with higher rates of preventable risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, use of street drugs, poor dietary habits and lack of exercise. Moreover, some antipsychotic medications used to treat schizophrenia have been associated with higher incidence of physical disease. At last, there are risk factors attributable to patients and healthcare services. Psychiatrists are often not trained in detection and treatment of physical disease. Despite this, there are several attitudes that can reduce the associated morbidity and mortality in people with schizophrenia, such as improving access to healthcare services, integrated healthcare interventions to enable early diagnosis and promotion of healthy habits.ConclusionsDiagnosis and management of morbidity in people with schizophrenia are more difficult because obstacles related to the patient, the illness, the medical attitudes and the structure of the healthcare services. Regardless these difficulties, the increased frequency of physical disease in people with schizophrenia must be valued due to improved detection and treatment of medical disease will have significant benefits for their psychosocial function and overall quality of life.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Investigation of Food Addiction and Impulsivity Relations Biological Rhythms Differences and Insomnia in University Students
Authors: Kandeger A. , Selvi Y. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveIncreasing prevalence of obesity in the world and increasing role of processed foods in daily life has led to become the focal point of food addiction. This study aims to investigation of food addiction and impulsivity relations biological rhythms differences and insomnia in university students.MethodOne thousand and five hundred students planned to participate who studies in Konya Selcuk University central campus. Participants were to fill out the test during their classes under physician supervision. The volunteers completed a package of psychological instruments including the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire, Yale Food Addiction Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale administered by two investigators in their classrooms.ResultsIn total, 1323 forms were suitable for statistical analysis. The mean age was 20.83, mean BMI was 22.02. Food addiction prevalence was 18.2%. Our study showed that association between the eveningness type and food addiction (P < 0.045). Also, the eveningness type and insomnia were in positive correlation in impulsivity (P < 0.001).ConclusionThis study has explored the association between eveningness type of biological rhythms, food addiction, insomnia and impulsivity.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Impulsivity as a Risk Factor for Suicidality in Depressed Patients
Authors: Hambrich M. , Nemes B. , Soare R. , Cozman D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSuicide behavior is an important and preventable cause of injury, disability and death in the world, and, at the same time, a major economic and social burden for modern societies. The majority of suicide attempts and completions are associated with psychiatric disorders, especially major depressive episode. Impulsivity has been associated with suicidality in major depressive disorder patients.AimThe current study aims to evaluate impulsivity in major depressive disorder patients with a history of suicide attempts as compared to major depressive disorder patients without a history of suicide attempts.MethodsOne hundred and twelve patients with major depressive disorder, aged 51.91 ± 10.72 (70% females) were included through convenient sampling procedure from the patient population of the 3rd Psychiatry Clinic of the Cluj County Emergency Hospital. Impulsivity was assessed through Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11).ResultsIn total, 27.8% of the patients had a history of suicide attempts. Significant differences between the two groups were obtained only for the Perseverance subscale of the BIS-11. (12.7 ± 1.8 vs. 7.13 ± 2.1, P = 0.005–Mann Whitney U-test).ConclusionsPerseverance might be a discriminating element between patients that eventually commit a suicide attempt and those that do not.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Working Hours of United Kingdom Psychiatric Trainees: Findings From the BoSS Study
Authors: Beezhold J.N. , Beezhold K. , Lydall G. , Malik A. , Podlesek A. , Jovanovic N. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe international burnout syndrome study (BoSS) examined burnout in psychiatry trainees and associated factors. Long working hours were significantly associated with burnout.AimsA high rate of severe burnout in UK psychiatric trainees (38%) was found in the BoSS study. This paper looks at the working hours of UK trainees.MethodsData collected during the BoSS study included information related to working hours, looking in particular at the working time directive rules. A total of 3964 UK psychiatric trainees were invited to take part, of which 1187 (30%) responded, and 811 (20%) provided complete responses for working hours questions.ResultsThe mean age was 33 years, with 49.1% males and equal gender distribution of participants and non-participants. The mean hours of contracted work per week were 42.7 (42.2–43.2) for men, versus 41.1 (40.4–42.0) for women. Actual hours worked were significantly higher at 46.2 (45.0–47.4) for men and 46.0 (44.9–47.1) for women. Forty-six percent of trainees breached one or more working time directive (WTD) safety limits.ConclusionActual hours worked among psychiatric trainees in the United Kingdom are about 10% higher than contracted hours. Female trainees also work more uncontracted hours than male trainees. This is significant when considering the association between hours of work and burnout, and also adds to the perception that women have to work harder for the same recognition as men. Forty-six percent of trainees breached WTD limits.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
How Satisfied are Patients with Interprofessional Teams? Meta-analysis of a Pilot Study
Authors: Lazzari C. , Masiello I. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionA doctor–patient encounter is a dyadic interaction between two people, one needing help and the other providing it. However, the encounter between an interprofessional team and a patient is changing this picture.ObjectivesTo measure how patient satisfaction changes when patients are treated by an interprofessional team.AimsEcological momentary assessment (EMA) directly evaluates patient satisfaction when patients interact with interprofessional teams. This research is a before-and-after study of undergraduate health care students undergoing interprofessional education. Answers to questions on a 5-point Likert scale (from “Totally satisfied” to “Totally unsatisfied”) were uploaded online on a survey platform linked to a dedicated app.MethodsTwenty-nine undergraduate students before, and eight after, interprofessional training reported their evaluation of patient satisfaction with interprofessional teams. Meta-analysis used Tau2, Cochrane's Q and I2.ResultsMeta-analysis showed a homogeneity in the answers before and after IPE training (P = 0.4) and variability of only I2 = 39%, with t2 = .006, and Q (4 df) = 4.0. To a certain degree, the study showed a drop before and after in students who report their patients being “moderately satisfied” (from 20.7% to 0%), with C.I. 95% = 4.702 (0.238–92.713) (Fig. 1).ConclusionsThis study requires further inquiry on why a moderate level of patient satisfaction declines when patients are treated by an interprofessional team.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Can Patients Differentiate When They Receive Integrated Care by Interprofessional Teams? Meta-analysis of a Pilot Study
Authors: Lazzari C. , Italo M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionA patient's quality of care and satisfaction depends greatly on the perception of being treated and attended to by an integrated team of professionals.ObjectivesTo make students mindful of a patient's perception of being treated by a blended interprofessional team when undergraduate students in training perform as a team in the patient's care.AimsTo assess if patients under the care of interprofessional teams perceive, they are being treated by an integrated team.MethodsTwenty-three undergraduate students undergoing a seven-day period of interprofessional training interviewed their common patients after each day of practice. Responses were given on a “yes-no-do not know” scale to the following question: “a team of students from different professions has just treated and cared for you. Do you think they have acted like a well-coordinated team?” Results were obtained by meta-analysis.ResultsIn 60.9% of cases (Tau2 = 0.042; Q (2df) = 12.663; Het. P-value = 0.002; I2 = 84.206%) (Fig. 1), patients perceived they were treated by a well-coordinated interprofessional team; however, this perception was not affected by the days of training by the same IPE team.ConclusionsResults suggest that other interpersonal factors might be involved in team-to-patient interactions that are barely affected by interprofessional training.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.Fig. 1Meta-analysis of patient's perception of being treated by a coordinated team.