bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterising HIV transmission risk among US patients with HIV in care: a cross-sectional study of sexual risk behaviour among individuals with viral load above 1500 copies/mL
Authors: Stirratt Michael J , Marks Gary , O’Daniels Christine , Cachay Edward R , Sullivan Meg , Mugavero Michael J , Dhanireddy Shireesha , Rodriguez Allan E , Giordano Thomas P 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesViral load and sexual risk behaviour contribute to HIV transmission risk. High HIV viral loads present greater transmission risk than transient viral ‘blips’ above an undetectable level. This paper therefore characterises sexual risk behaviour among patients with HIV in care with viral loads>1500 copies/mL and associated demographic characteristics.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at six HIV outpatient clinics in USA. The study sample comprises 1315 patients with HIV with a recent viral load >1500 copies/mL. This study sample was drawn from a larger sample of individuals with a recent viral load >1000 copies/mL who completed a computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) regarding sexual risk practices in the last 2 months. The study sample was 32% heterosexual men, 38% men who have sex with men (MSM) and 30% women.ResultsNinety per cent of the sample had their viral load assay within 60 days of the CASI. Thirty-seven per cent reported being sexually active (vaginal or anal intercourse) in the last 2 months. Most of the sexually active participants reported always using condoms (56.9%) or limiting condomless sex to seroconcordant partners (serosorting; 29.2% overall and 42.9% among MSM). Among sexually active participants who reported condomless anal or vaginal sex with an at-risk partner (14%), most had viral loads>10 000 copies/mL (62%).ConclusionsA relatively small number of patients with HIV in care with viral loads above 1500 copies/mL reported concurrent sexual transmission risk behaviours. Most of the individuals in this small group had markedly elevated viral loads, increasing the probability of transmission. Directing interventions to patients in care with high viral loads and concurrent risk behaviour could strengthen HIV prevention and reduce HIV infections.Trial registration numberNCT02044484, completed.
Moments of the three-parameter Fermi distribution
Authors: Zhang L. , Gao Y. , Zheng H. , Huang M. R. , Liu X. 
Published: October 2017

The moments [Formula: see text] of the spherical three-parameter Fermi distribution (3pF) are presented for [Formula: see text] to 8 as a function of the parameter [Formula: see text], the half-density radius [Formula: see text] and the diffuseness parameter [Formula: see text] through the introduced parameter [Formula: see text], which can be applied to study the neutron skin in neutron rich nuclei. The general expression of the moment can be written as the combination of integrals [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. The errors of the analytic moments [Formula: see text] are estimated with the typical values of the parameters in 3pF compared with the numerical results.
First principle investigations of the Pbnm phase BiFeO3, BiFe0.875Mn0.125O3 and Bi0.875X0.125Fe0.875Mn0.125O3 (XBFM) (X = Ce, Gd, Lu)
Authors: Zhang Ren , Zhou Yunhua , Zhu Yiyi , Li Yangyang , Chu Liang , Min Yonggang , Zhang Jian , Yang Jianping , Li Xing’ao 
Published: November 2017

The structural, magnetic, electronic and optical properties of Pbnm BiFeO[Formula: see text] (BFO), BiFe[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] (BFM), Bi[Formula: see text]X[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] (XBFM) (X = Ce, Gd, Lu) have been investigated by the first principles within the PBE[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]U scheme. It is shown that the dopant Mn in the B sites and Ce (Gd, Lu) in the A sites improves the crystalline quality. The magnetic moments of Bi[Formula: see text]Ce[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] (CBFM) and Bi[Formula: see text]Gd[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] (GBFM) are 10 [Formula: see text] and 16 [Formula: see text] which mainly arises from the strongly localized unpaired 4f electrons of Ce and Gd, 3d electrons of Mn and Fe. While, as BFM, the magnetic moment of Bi[Formula: see text]Lu[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] (LBFM) is 9 [Formula: see text] indicating no effect on the magnetization is made by Lu for its full 4f states. The densities of states of the five systems hint that CBFM is metallic and BFM, GBFM, LBFM are still semiconductors. The metallic properties of CBFM arise from the hybridization between Ce-4f and Mn-3d states which leads the Mn [Formula: see text] states to be split into [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] lowering the bottom of the conduction band to cross the Fermi level. Furthermore, we also study the optical properties of Pbnm BiFeO[Formula: see text] (BFO), BiFe[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] (BFM), Bi[Formula: see text]X[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] (XBFM) (X = Ce, Gd, Lu). In this work, the optical properties including the absorption spectrum, loss function, refractive index and reflectivity spectrum are discussed in detail.
Chapter 2 The Quaternary
Authors: Lukas S. , Preusser F. , Evans D. J. A. , Boston C. M. , Lovell H. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The Quaternary is the youngest geological period, beginning 2.58 Ma ago and including the present day; it is therefore the only geological period that is continuously growing. During the first epoch of the Quaternary, the Pleistocene, extremely cold and warm conditions alternated, frequently over short periods of time. This resulted in processes currently only operating in cold (polar and high-mountain) environments extending to and affecting the mid-latitudes, including the currently densely populated areas of North America and Europe. In Britain every region has been affected by cold-region processes, which have produced unique sedimentary and geomorphological signatures. Hence, an intimate knowledge of these processes is of direct relevance to engineering geologists and anyone working with natural materials. This chapter reviews the state of the art of (a) the stratigraphic (nomenclatorial) framework of the Quaternary, (b) prominent concepts that are of direct relevance to understanding the detailed overviews in Chapters 3–5; and (c) key findings on the dynamics of these processes and their implications for engineering-geological questions and problems.
Chapter 4 Conceptual glacial ground models: British and Irish case studies
Authors: Evans D. J. A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Former glaciation style is dictated by physiography and ice dynamics and is encoded in glacial landsystem imprints. As a holistic evaluation of sediment–landform associations and their genetic relationships to the processes involved in terrain development, glacial landsystems can facilitate a preliminary prediction of expected subsurface conditions using depositional surface morphology and wider physiographic setting. This chapter provides exemplars representative of the widely variable glacial depositional environments of the British Isles. The glacial deposits of the British Isles are viewed in terms of the dominant landsystems in the Quaternary sediment–landform record and can be grouped under four categories: (1) ice-sheet-related deposits and (2) upland (hard bedrock) glacial deposits, organized according to subglacial footprints, ice-marginal complexes and supraglacial assemblages; (3) glaciofluvial sediment–landforms, organized according to whether they are ice-contact or proglacial in nature; and (4) subaqueous depositional sequences, related to ice-proximal and ice-distal environments. These glacial landsystems are related to the concept of Quaternary domains in an attempt to translate sediment–landform assemblages into a format that has practicability in engineering geology. In this respect the regional distribution of landsystems resonates to some degree with the classification schemes of ‘glaciogenic subgroups’ and ‘till formation domains’. Beyond the glaciogenic subgroup and domain classifications, landsystems further identify localized complexities and ensure a higher level of detail for site investigations where intensive Quaternary geological assessments have yielded a range of data including geomorphological mapping and outcrop investigations with three-dimensional analyses of borehole archives.
Chapter 7 Engineering investigation and assessment
Authors: de Freitas M. H. , Griffiths J. S. , Press N. , Russell J. , Parkes A. A. , Stimpson I. G. , Norbury D. R. , Coleman C. , Black J. , Towler G. , Thatcher K. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Ground affected by periglacial and glacial processes can be among the most variable formed by nature. Previous chapters have graphically illustrated this variability and explained the topographic and sedimentary associations to be expected within former and present-day cold regions. This chapter shows how that background is needed to design and execute an investigation for predicting either the ground response to engineering change or the volumes of material the ground contains. Such an investigation of the ground is also needed to explain its current and former state of stability on slopes and its natural groundwater flow.
The starting point of any such investigation is a conceptual model of the ground which subsequent investigation tests and refines; investigations conducted without such a model can easily become sterile and expensive exercises in collecting data. Such a model starts with knowledge of landscape, cold climate processes and their products, initially refined with the aid of a desk study. This then develops with each phase of the investigation, starting with what is known via desk studies, and progressing through what can be readily seen by walkover surveys and shallow investigations, including surface geophysics and remote sensing, all leading towards a model that can be tested directly by various intrusive investigations. Techniques appropriate for such investigations, including sampling, in glaciated and frost-disturbed ground both onshore and offshore are reviewed.
Great care must be taken with the description of coarse materials, glaciotectonic structures and the materials within them; a unique feature of this chapter is the correlation it presents between the engineering descriptions of glacial sediments, as used in ground engineering, and the descriptions used by glacial sedimentologists for the same materials. Water levels are also obtained during these investigations, and in these types of ground they are often misinterpreted by applying thinking more appropriate to aquifer hydrogeology. A surprising feature of glaciated ground is its low permeability overall, and the correct interpretation of heads measured in such environments is often that for aquitards rather than aquifers.
The initial conceptual model starts with little more than an idea and a broad outline, and evolves as the investigation progresses. It should continue to evolve throughout construction as more and more of the ground is exposed and its behaviour is better known; in this way, the ground model can be thought of as a living document, especially appropriate in such variable ground. The chapter concludes with a review of how this information can be brought together as three-dimensional models that effectively communicate the knowns and unknowns of a volume of ground and their associated risks, in both deterministic and probabilistic ways.
Endometritis andIn VitroPGE2Challenge Modify Properties of Cattle Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Transcriptomic Profile
Authors: Lara Evelyn , Velásquez Alejandra , Cabezas Joel , Rivera Nathaly , Pacha Paulina , Rodríguez-Alvarez Lleretny , Saravia Fernando , Castro Fidel Ovidio 
Published: October 2017

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated and characterized from postpartum bovine endometrium of animals with subclinical (n=5) and clinical endometritis (n=3) and healthy puerperal females (n=5). Cells isolated displayed mean morphological features of MSCs and underwent osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation after induction (healthy and subclinical). Cells from cows with clinical endometritis did not undergo adipogenic differentiation. All cells expressed mRNAs for selected MSC markers. Endometrial MSCs were challenged in vitro with PGE2at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, and 10 μM, and their global transcriptomic profile was studied. Overall, 1127 genes were differentially expressed between unchallenged cells and cells treated with PGE2at all concentrations (763 up- and 364 downregulated, fold change > 2, andP<0.05). The pathways affected the most by the PGE2challenge were immune response, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. In conclusion, we demonstrated that healthy puerperal bovine endometrium contains MSCs and that endometritis modifies and limits some functional characteristics of these cells, such as their ability to proceed to adipogenic differentiation. Also, PGE2, an inflammatory mediator of endometritis, modifies the transcriptomic profile of endometrial MSCs. A similar situation may occur during inflammation associated with endometritis, therefore affecting the main properties of endometrial MSCs.
Data Science in Radiology: A Path Forward
Authors: Aerts Hugo J.W.L. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning, has the potential to fundamentally alter clinical radiology. AI algorithms, which excel in quantifying complex patterns in data, have shown remarkable progress in applications ranging from self-driving cars to speech recognition. The AI application within radiology, known as radiomics, can provide detailed quantifications of the radiographic characteristics of underlying tissues. This information can be used throughout the clinical care path to improve diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as assess treatment response. This tremendous potential for clinical translation has led to a vast increase in the number of research studies being conducted in the field, a number that is expected to rise sharply in the future. Many studies have reported robust and meaningful findings; however, a growing number also suffer from flawed experimental or analytic designs. Such errors could not only result in invalid discoveries, but also may lead others to perpetuate similar flaws in their own work. This perspective article aims to increase awareness of the issue, identify potential reasons why this is happening, and provide a path forward. Clin Cancer Res; 24(3); 532–4. ©2017 AACR.
Insights into Epigenetic Remodeling in VHL-Deficient Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ricketts Christopher J. , Linehan W. Marston 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Summary: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by loss of the von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor gene (VHL), and the functional tumorigenic consequences of this loss have been used to develop therapies for advanced ccRCC, such as targeting activation of the HIF pathway. Yao and colleagues elucidate how VHL loss contributes to chromatin alteration at both gene promoters and enhancers/superenhancers, in both an HIF-dependent as well as independent manner, and how this may provide additional targets for therapeutic intervention in advanced ccRCC. Cancer Discov; 7(11); 1221–3. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Yao et al., p. 1284.
Dysfunction of Myosin Light‐Chain 4 (MYL4) Leads to Heritable Atrial Cardiomyopathy With Electrical, Contractile, and Structural Components: Evidence From Genetically‐Engineered Rats
Authors: Peng Wenhui , Li Miaoxin , Li Hailing , Tang Kai , Zhuang Jianhui , Zhang Jianguo , Xiao Jingjing , Jiang Hui , Li Dali , Yu Yongchun , Sham Pak C. , Nattel Stanley , Xu Yawei 
Published: October 2017

Background

There is increasing interest in the concept of atrial cardiomyopathy, but the underlying molecular and mechanistic determinants remain poorly defined. We identified a family with heritable atrial cardiomyopathy manifesting as progressive atrial‐selective electromechanical dysfunction, tachyarrhythmias, and bradyarrhythmias requiring pacemaker implantation. Myosin light‐chain 4 (
MYL4
), encoding the atrial‐selective essential myosin light chain, was identified as a candidate gene. We used genetically modified rat models to investigate the role of

MYL
4

in atrial cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results

Exome sequencing and systematic bioinformatic analyses identified a rare missense variant of

MYL
4

(c.31G>A [
p.E11K
]) in a large multiplex atrial cardiomyopathy family pedigree. The mutation cosegregated with atrial standstill (selected as the principal presenting trait) with a logarithm of the odds score of 5.3. The phenotype of rats with

MYL
4

mutation knock‐in confirmed the causative role of the mutation.

MYL
4

knockout rats showed a similar atrial cardiomyopathy phenotype, whereas rats with an adjacent 4‐amino‐acid deletion showed no phenotype. Both

MYL
4 p.E11K

knock‐in rats and

MYL
4

knockout rats showed progressive atrial electrophysiological, contractile, and fibrotic abnormalities, similar to affected patients. Biochemical analyses of

MYL
4 p.E11K

mutation rats showed activation of proapoptotic and profibrotic signaling, along with increased atrial‐cardiomyocyte terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining, suggesting enhanced apoptotic cell death, findings that were mimicked by in vitro adenoviral transfer of the mutant gene to neonatal‐rat cardiomyocytes.

Conclusions

Loss‐of‐function

MYL
4

gene variants cause progressive atrial cardiomyopathy in humans and rats. Our findings identify

MYL
4

as a key gene required for atrial contractile, electrical and structural integrity. These results improve our understanding of the molecular basis of atrial cardiomyopathy and introduce new models for further mechanistic analysis.
Temporal Trends in the Use and Comparative Effectiveness of Direct Oral Anticoagulant Agents Versus Warfarin for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Canadian Population‐Based Study
Authors: Yu Amy Y. X. , Malo Shaun , Svenson Lawrence W. , Wilton Stephen B. , Hill Michael D. 
Published: October 2017

Background

Direct oral anticoagulants (
DOAC
s) are noninferior to warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (
AF
). We aimed to determine the population risk of stroke and death in incident
AF
, stratified by anticoagulation status and type, and the temporal trends of oral anticoagulation practice in the post‐
DOAC
approval period.

Methods and Results

We conducted a population‐based cohort study of incident nonvalvular
AF
cases using administrative health data in Alberta, Canada. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling with anticoagulation status as a time‐varying exposure and adjusted for age (continuous), sex, congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, prior transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease, and chronic kidney disease. Primary outcome was the composite of stroke and death. Among 34 965 patients with incident
AF
(56.0% male, median age 73 years), relative to warfarin,
DOAC
use was associated with decreased risk of all stroke and death (hazard ratio: 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83–0.97) and decreased hemorrhagic stroke (hazard ratio: 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.40–0.91]) but a similar risk of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio: 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.94–1.34]). During this time period,
DOAC
use increased rapidly, surpassing warfarin, but the total oral anticoagulation use in the population remained stable, even in the subgroup with the highest thromboembolic risk.

Conclusions

In a real‐world population‐based study of patients with incident
AF
, anticoagulation with
DOAC
s was associated with decreased risk of stroke and death compared with warfarin. Despite a rapid uptake of
DOAC
s in clinical practice, the total proportion of
AF
patients on anticoagulation has remained stable, even in high‐risk patients.
Forget the Landscape: The Space of Rabbinic and Greco-Roman Mnemonics
Authors: Klein Gil P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This article investigates the notion of memorization in rabbinic and Roman spatial practices. The Greco-Roman mnemonic technique, in which space was a structuring device for the memorized ideas, words or images, has been extensively studied. Scholars have also demonstrated how such a technique was applied in rabbinic systems of memorization and the arrangement of oral traditions. Nevertheless, very little has been written about the role of mnemonics in the organization of space itself. In the first part of the article I use the comparison between the Corpus Agrimensorum Romanorum (first to fifth centuries CE collection of illuminated manuals of land survey and urban planning) and tractate Eruvin to explore references to cities in the shape of Greek letters, which are almost identical in the two texts. The fact that a list of cities in the shape of letters was used in the Roman corpus as a mnemonic device for the memorization of urban layouts suggests that the rabbis corresponded with such methods in their spatial formulations of the Sabbath Boundary. In the second part of the article I investigate the rabbinic system of forgotten produce (shikheḥah) that maps fields in order to determine which crops were unintentionally left behind by the farmer and consequently belonged to the poor. As I demonstrate, many of the spatial and visual principles applied by the rabbis in this system echo the mnemonic principles described in the Roman work on memorization Rhetorica Ad Herennium. The primary purpose of the article, however, is not merely to illuminate an instance of cultural exchange, but rather to point to the profound link established by mnemonics between space, image and language. The mechanism of organizing words and ideas spatially and visually affected the ways in which space was perceived and was, itself, organized.
Enhanced Curriculum Intervention Did Not Result in Increased Postnatal Physical Activity in Rural, Southern, Primarily African American Women
Authors: Thomson Jessica L. , Tussing-Humphreys Lisa M. , Goodman Melissa H. , Landry Alicia S. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: To test the impact of an enhanced home visiting curriculum on postnatal physical activity in rural, southern, primarily African American mothers. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Three rural counties in Mississippi. Participants: Between September 2013 and May 2016, 54 postpartum women randomized to standard home visiting curriculum (n = 30 control) or lifestyle enhanced home visiting curriculum (n = 24 experimental) were followed for 12 months. Intervention: The experimental arm of the intervention built upon the Parents as Teachers curriculum (control arm) by adding culturally tailored, maternal weight management and early childhood obesity prevention components. Measures: Physical activity behavior and related psychosocial constructs including attitudes, expectations, self-efficacy, social support, and barriers. Analysis: Generalized linear mixed models were applied to test for treatment and time effects on physical activity and related psychosocial constructs. Results: Postnatal retention rates were 83% and 88% for control and experimental arms, respectively. Mean weekly minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were 28 and 50 minutes at postnatal months 1 and 12 in the control arm and 40 minutes for both time points in the experimental arm. Although a significant time effect was found, pairwise comparisons failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusion: The enhanced treatment was not effective at increasing postnatal physical activity nor improving related psychosocial construct measures in this cohort of rural, southern women.