bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of direct-drinking water to calcium and magnesium and the influence on the height in school-age children
Authors: Gu Hongru , Gong Yijing , Li Zhao , Zhang Yanqiu , Wu Jin , Wang Yi , Ni Min , Zhang Jun , Jiang Hai 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo estimate the contribution of direct-drinking water provided in school to dietary intake (DI) and recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of calcium and magnesium, and to explore its influence on the height in school-age children.MethodsTap water and direct-drinking water samples were collected from schools in Taicang City to test the contents of calcium and magnesium, and compared by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc test. Contribution rates of direct-drinking water to DI and RNI were calculated by using the contents of calcium and magnesium and data from the Nutrition and Health Status Survey 2021. A retrospective cohort was conducted among 4,850 first-grade children consuming direct-drinking water in Taicang City from 24 primary schools in 2019. Group 1 (1,070 boys and 946 girls) consumed UF-process water with normal calcium and magnesium contents and Group 2 (1,548 boys and 1,286 girls) consumed NF/RO-process water with very low calcium and magnesium contents. During 2019–2023, the height and height growth were analyzed with the Student’s t-test.ResultsThe highest calcium content was examined in tap water samples, followed by direct-drinking water samples supplied through a UF, NF, and RO system (F = 1,227.725, p &lt; 0.001). The highest magnesium content was examined in water supplied through a UF system, followed by that through a tap, NF and RO system (F = 146.504, p &lt; 0.001). Calcium and magnesium contents in direct-drinking water supplied through a UF system changed little compared with those in tap water, which were significantly reduced in direct-drinking water supplied through a NF and RO system. The contribution rates of direct-drinking water to DI of calcium and magnesium were 8.95 and 2.78%, respectively, and those to RNI of calcium and magnesium were 2.63 and 1.96%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the height and height growth of first-grade children drinking water supplied through the UF system vs. NF/RO system (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionDirect-drinking water processed through a NF or RO system should be cautiously adopted in primary and secondary schools. A UF system is preferred in schools where no health concerns are associated with water quality.
Low dietary magnesium and fiber intakes among women with metabolic syndrome in Kuwait
Authors: Alkazemi Dalal U. Z. , Zafar Tasleem A. , Alsouri Nourah Y. , Aljahdali Abeer A. , Kubow Stan 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing health concern among Kuwaiti women. Dietary magnesium and fiber have been implicated in reducing the risk of MetS; however, their specific effects on this population remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the association of dietary magnesium and fiber intake with the prevalence of MetS and its components among women in Kuwait.MethodsThis study included 170 women aged 18–65 (years) recruited from AL-Adan Hospital, Mubarak Hospital, and Riqqa Polyclinic. Data were collected using a modified Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ) to assess dietary intake, and biochemical measurements were performed to evaluate serum magnesium and other metabolic markers. MetS was diagnosed according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. Statistical analyses included Mann–Whitney U-tests, chi-square tests, Spearman correlations, logistic and linear regression models, and Cohen’s kappa statistics.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS was 24 and 18% based on the IDF and ATP III criteria, respectively. Women with MetS had significantly lower dietary magnesium and fiber intakes than those in women without MetS (p &lt; 0.001). A strong positive correlation was found among dietary magnesium intake, fiber intake, and serum magnesium levels (r = 0.957, p &lt; 0.001 for magnesium; r = 0.917, p &lt; 0.001 for fiber). Increased dietary magnesium and fiber intakes were linked to reduced odds of developing MetS and its components, except for blood pressure measurements. Cohen’s kappa demonstrated a strong agreement (K = 0.70, p &lt; 0.001) between dietary and serum magnesium inadequacy.ConclusionIncreased dietary intakes of magnesium and fiber are associated with reduced odds of developing MetS among Kuwaiti women. These findings support the promotion of magnesium- and fiber-rich diets as preventive strategies against MetS.
Food addiction in patients on weight loss treatment
Authors: Palacio Ana Cristina , Cuello Catalina , Díaz-Torrente Ximena 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundFood addiction (FA) is defined as hedonic eating behavior involving the consumption of highly palatable foods (i.e., ultra processed foods in quantities beyond homeostatic energy requirements). FA is present in a subset of patients with overweight or obesity and could contribute to the response to weight loss treatments.AimDetermine FA in individuals that fulfil the criteria of FA as measured by the YFAS 2.0, and its association with anthropometric and body composition variables in a clinical sample of patients undergoing weight loss treatment. Also, to determine the most prevalent FA criteria.MethodsAn observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted. Sampling was non-probabilistic, convenience based. A total of 158 participants were recruited from two clinical centers (private and public) focused on managing non-communicable chronic diseases. The Chilean version of YFAS 2.0 was administrated through the online REDCap platform. Anthropometric measurements were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated.ResultsThe mean age was 47.8 (SD 14.9) and BMI 28.7 (SD 5.3) kg/m2. There were 12.7% patients who screened positive on the YFAS 2.0 Chilean version (3.2% for mild, 2.5% for moderate and 7.0% for severe), the mean symptom count was 2.2 (SD 2.6), with withdrawal being the most prevalent criterion (33.5%). FA patients had significantly higher body weight compared to non-FA subjects (p = 0.045). We observed a slight and significant correlation between FA symptom count and body weight (p = 0.020), waist circumference (p = 0.005), and BMI (p = 0.023).ConclusionThis is the first study in Chile that showed that FA was present in patients undergoing weight loss treatment and was associated with anthropometric measurements. In addition, it showed that withdrawal was the most prevalent criterion. Future studies should investigate whether the presence of FA and the withdrawal criterion could contribute to suboptimal clinical response to weight loss treatment.
Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and fatty liver index among US adults
Authors: Zheng Meng , Li Chaochen , Fu Jia , Bai Long , Dong Jinghui 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe potential beneficial health effects of dietary antioxidants have been reported. However, the association of a composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) with fatty liver index (FLI) remains unclear. This study aims to assess whether CDAI (including its components) is associated with FLI among US adults.MethodsThis population-based cross-sectional study used data on US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018 cycles. Weighted generalized linear regression models were used to analyze the association between CDAI (including vitamin A, C, E, zinc, selenium, and carotenoids) and FLI, which was calculated by using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and levels of γ-glutamyl transferase and triglycerides.ResultsWeighted generalized linear regression models showed an inverse association between CDAI and FLI in the total population (β, −0.40; 95% CI, −0.59, −0.21), in women (β, −0.56; 95% CI, −0.94, −0.18), and in men (β, −0.32; 95% CI, −0.54, −0.10) after adjusting for various confounders. The restricted cubic splines showed the negative linear dose–response associations between CDAI and FLI (all P non_linear &gt;0.05). The dietary selenium intake in women has an inverse U-shaped relationship with FLI, with an inflection point value of 110 μg. In model 3, intake of dietary antioxidants Vitamins A, C, E, and carotenoids were significantly negatively associated with FLI in female but only were vitamins A and E negatively associated with FLI in male. In subgroup analysis, CDAI showed a significantly negative relation to FLI among those aged 60 years or older (β, −0.57; 95% CI, −0.81, −0.33), among those who engaged in active physical activity (β, −0.46; 95% CI, −0.63, −0.29), among those without metabolic syndrome (β, −0.43; 95% CI, −0.62, −0.24), and those without hyperuricemia (β, −0.43; 95% CI, −0.60, −0.26). Additionally, CDAI was significantly negatively associated with male FLI, regardless of whether they had diabetes or not.ConclusionIn conclusion, our results indicate that higher CDAI may be associated with a lower FLI.
A low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet leads to unfavorable changes in blood lipid profiles compared to carbohydrate-rich diets with different glycemic indices in recreationally active men
Authors: Kripp Anna Maria , Feichter Andreas , König Daniel 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveIn addition to recent discussions of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (LCHF) from a performance perspective, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding influence of the combined effect of an exercise and nutritional intervention, which varies in carbohydrate (CHO) intake and glycemic indices, on blood lipid levels in recreationally active men.MethodsA total of 65 male runners (VO2 peak = 55 ± 8 mL·min−1·kg−1) completed a 10-week ad libitum nutritional regimen (LOW-GI: ≥ 65% low GI CHO per day, n = 24; HIGH-GI: ≥ 65% high GI CHO per day, n = 20; LCHF: ≤ 50 g CHO daily, n = 21) with a concurrent prescribed endurance training intervention. Fasting total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined before and after the intervention. Additionally, 24-h dietary recalls were completed twice weekly.ResultsFollowing the intervention, TC was significantly higher in LCHF (196 ± 37 mg·dL−1) compared to both LOW-GI (171 ± 41 mg·dL−1) and HIGH-GI (152 ± 28 mg·dL−1, p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, LDL-C levels increased in LCHF (+17 ± 21 mg·dL−1, p = 0.001), while they decreased in both CHO groups (p &lt; 0.05, respectively). Only the HIGH-GI group demonstrated a significant reduction in HDL-C (−3 ± 9 mg·dL−1, p = 0.006), while a decrease in TG was only significant in LOW-GI (−18 ± 36 mg·dL−1, p = 0.008).ConclusionAlthough mean blood lipid levels remained within the normal range, the data indicate that a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet leads to unfavorable changes in individual blood lipid profiles compared to carbohydrate-rich diets. Therefore, it is recommended that the impact of a low-carbohydrate diet on blood lipids be considered when counseling active and healthy individuals.
Rescue analgesia with a transversus abdominis plane block alleviates moderate-to-severe pain and improves oxygenation after abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: He Jingxian , Qin Shuai , Wang Yuwen , Ye Qiuping , Wang Penglei , Zhang Ye , Wu Yun 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundAbdominal surgery is a common surgical procedure that is frequently associated with substantial postoperative pain. However, rescue analgesia using opioids is associated with several adverse effects. The transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) has been demonstrated to be effective as part of multimodal analgesia. This study aims to evaluate the effects of rescue analgesia using the TAPB following abdominal surgery.MethodsNinety patients undergoing abdominal surgery and reporting a numeric rating scale (NRS) score of cough pain ≥4 on the first postoperative day were randomized to receive either sufentanil or TAPB for rescue analgesia. Pain scores and arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) were evaluated before and after the administration of rescue analgesia. Sleep quality and gastrointestinal function were assessed postoperatively. The primary outcome was the degree of pain relief on coughing 30 min after the administration of rescue analgesia.ResultsPatients of both groups reported a significantly reduced NRS score on coughing 30 min after receiving rescue analgesia (Ppaired &lt; 0.001 for both groups). Notably, the degree of pain relief was significantly higher in the TAPB group than in the sufentanil group [median (interquartile range), −3 (−4 to −2) vs. −2 (−2 to −1), median difference = −1; 95% confidence interval, −2 to −1; P &lt; 0.001]. Moreover, patients in the TAPB group experienced less pain than those in the sufentanil group during the following 24 h. When evaluated, PaO2 increased significantly after rescue analgesia was administered in the TAPB group (Ppaired &lt; 0.001); however, there were no significant intragroup differences in the sufentanil group (Ppaired = 0.129). Patients receiving the TAPB experienced better quality of sleep than those receiving sufentanil (P = 0.008), while no statistical differences in gastrointestinal function were observed between the two groups.ConclusionRescue analgesia with the TAPB on the first postoperative day alleviated pain, enhanced oxygenation, and improved sleep quality in patients undergoing abdominal surgery; however, its effect on gastrointestinal function requires further research.Clinical Trial RegistrationThis study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=170983, ChiCTR2200060285) on 26 May 2022: Patients were recruited during the period between 30 May 2022 and 14 February 2023, and a follow-up of the last enrolled patient was completed on 16 March 2023.
Effectiveness of biologic therapies in achieving treatment targets in inflammatory bowel disease; real-world data from the Middle East (ENROLL study)
Authors: Shehab Mohammad , Alfadhli Ahmad , Abdullah Israa , Alostad Wrood , Marei Alaa , Alrashed Fatema 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundReal-world data assessing the effectiveness of biologics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Middle East are not well-established. In our study, we evaluated the effectiveness of biologic therapies in achieving clinical and endoscopic outcomes in biologic-naïve patients with IBD.DesignA retrospective chart review was conducted at two tertiary care gastroenterology centers using electronic medical records of patients with moderate-to-severe IBD. The study period was from October 2017 to October 2023. Patients who were on infliximab, adalimumab, ustekinumab, or vedolizumab for 12 months were included in the analysis. The primary outcomes were the percentage of IBD-related hospitalizations or surgeries, achieving steroid-free remission, and endoscopic remission.ResultsA total of 422 patients were included in the study, of whom 264 (62.5%) patients had Crohn’s disease (CD) and 158 (39%) had ulcerative colitis (UC). In patients with CD, endoscopic remission was attained in 51 (52%) of the patients on adalimumab, 38 (53%) of the patients on infliximab, 34 (56%) of the patients on ustekinumab, and 16 (51%) of the patients on vedolizumab. In patients with UC, endoscopic remission was attained in 40 (56%) of the patients on infliximab, 26 (61%) of the patients on adalimumab, 8 (55%) of the patients on ustekinumab, and 11 (53%) of the patients on vedolizumab.Conclusionadalimumab, infliximab, ustekinumab, and vedolizumab were all effective in achieving clinical and endoscopic clinical outcomes in IBD in both UC and CD. The findings of this study suggest that the efficacy of biologics in a Middle Eastern population is similar to that in a Western population.
Flavonoids against depression: a comprehensive review of literature
Authors: Alizadeh Alaleh , Pourfallah-Taft Yeganeh , Khoshnazar Maryam , Safdari Aysan , Komari Saba Vafadar , Zanganeh Mehrnaz , Sami Nafiseh , Valizadeh Maryam , Faridzadeh Arezoo , Alijanzadeh Dorsa , Mazhari Seyed Amirhossein , Khademi Reza , Kheirandish Ali , Naziri Mahdyieh 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundDepression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity, which affects a person’s thoughts, behavior, motivation, feelings, and sense of wellbeing. Pharmacologic therapies are still the best effective treatment of depression. Still, most antidepressant drugs have low efficacy and delayed onset of therapeutic action, have different side effects, and even exacerbate depression. Such conditions make it possible to look for alternatives. Consequently, we decided to summarize the impact of flavonoids on depression in this review.MethodsWe searched scientific databases such as SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar to find relevant studies until July 2022.ResultsA wide variety of natural components have been shown to alleviate depression, one of which is flavonoids. Due to the growing tendency to use natural antidepressant drugs, scientific studies are increasingly being conducted on flavonoids. This study aims to review the latest scientific researches that indicate the antidepressant potential of flavonoids. Various mechanisms include neurotransmitter system modulation and dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic pathways regulation in the central nervous system. Different compounds of flavonoids have antidepressant properties in vivo or in vitro experiments or clinical trials and can be used as alternative and complementary treatments for depression. In general, it was observed that there were no severe side effects.ConclusionOur study proves the antidepressant potential of flavonoids, and considering the limited side effects, they can be used as complementary medicine for depressed patients.
Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two formulations of mifepristone tablets in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting conditions: a single-center, open, randomized, single-dose, double-period, two-sequence, crossover trial
Authors: Yan Yufeng , Zhu Xiaoshan , Dong Ping , Liu Cheng , Lu Lingqing , Zeng Liyan , Chen Guiying , Meng Xianmin , Liu Min 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveA bioequivalence (BE) study was performed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and bioequivalence of two formulations of mifepristone tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers under fasting conditions.MethodsA single-center, open, randomized, single-dose, double-period, two-sequence, crossover study in healthy subjects under fasting conditions was performed. The subjects received a single fasting dose of mifepristone (10 mg/tablet) during the first and second periods, followed by a 14-day washout period, during which frequent pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling occurred up to 120 h. The pharmacokinetic parameters of mifepristone were calculated based on the plasma drug concentration–time profile. Primary endpoints were the BE of major pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-t and AUC0-∞) and the maximum observed serum concentration (Cmax). Secondary endpoints were safety parameters.ResultsForty subjects (34 male and 6 female subjects) were randomly assigned to treatment, with 39 completing the two-period study. After the single administration of mifepristone tablets (test preparation vs. reference preparation) under fasting conditions, the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were 98.76%, 104.28%, and 104.83%, respectively. The primary metabolites of mifepristone (RU42633 and RU42698),the GMRs of Cmax, AUC0–t, AUC0–∞ were 102.33% and 100.97%, 103.17% and 103.71%, 104.02% and 103.84%, respectively. Similarly, for another metabolite of mifepristone (RU42698), the GMRs of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were 100.97%, 103.71%, and 103.84%, respectively. All 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the test/reference AUC ratio and Cmax ratio were within the acceptable range (80%–125%) for BE, which met the requirements of bioequivalence. No serious adverse events (AEs) occurred, and all AEs were classified as level 1 or 2.ConclusionThe PK parameters of mifepristone and its metabolites (RU42633 and RU42698) were measured using the (GMRs) of AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, and Cmax and were similar between the test and reference drug. The two formulations of mifepristone showed good tolerability and a similar safety profile.Clinical Trial Registrationchinadrugtrials.org.cn, identifier CTR20182413.
A multi-omics insight on the interplay between iron deficiency and N forms in tomato
Authors: Lodovici Arianna , Buoso Sara , Miras-Moreno Begoña , Lucini Luigi , Tomasi Nicola , García-Pérez Pascual , Pinton Roberto , Zanin Laura 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionNitrogen (N) and iron (Fe) are involved in several biochemical processes in living organisms, and their limited bioavailability is a strong constraint for plant growth and yield. This work investigated the interplay between Fe and N nutritional pathways in tomato plants kept under N and Fe deficiency and then resupplied with Fe and N (as nitrate, ammonium, or urea) through a physiological, metabolomics and gene expression study. ResultsAfter 24 hours of Fe resupply, the Fe concentration in Fe-deficient roots was dependent on the applied N form (following the pattern: nitrate &gt; urea &gt; ammonium &gt; Fe-deficient control), and whereas in leaves of urea treated plants the Fe concentration was lower in comparison to the other N forms. Untargeted metabolomics pointed out distinctive modulations of plant metabolism in a treatment-dependent manner. Overall, N-containing metabolites were affected by the treatments in both leaves and roots, while N form significantly shaped the phytohormone profile. Moreover, the simultaneous application of Fe with N to Fe-deficient plants elicited secondary metabolites’ accumulation, such as phenylpropanoids, depending on the applied N form (mainly by urea, followed by nitrate and ammonium). After 4 hours of treatment, ammonium- and urea-treated roots showed a reduction of enzymatic activity of Fe(III)-chelate reductase (FCR), compared to nitrate or N-depleted plants (maintained in Fe deficiency, where FCR was maintained at high levels). The response of nitrate-treated plants leads to the improvement of Fe concentration in tomato roots and the increase of Fe(II) transporter (IRT1) gene expression in tomato roots. ConclusionsOur results strengthen and improve the understanding about the interaction between N and Fe nutritional pathways, thinning the current knowledge gap.