bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximal Location of Optic Disc Hemorrhage and Glaucoma Progression
Authors: Shin Young In , Lee Jaekyoung , Jeong Yoon , Huh Min Gu , Park Ki Ho , Jeoung Jin Wook 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceAlthough optic disc hemorrhage (DH) is widely recognized as a glaucoma risk factor, its clinical relevance in relation to proximity has not been investigated.ObjectiveTo determine the association of the proximal location of DH with glaucoma progression.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this longitudinal observational cohort study, 146 eyes of 146 patients at Seoul National University Hospital who had had 1 or more DH with at least 5 years of follow-up and had at least 5 reliable visual field examinations were included. These data were analyzed January 10, 2010, through June 27, 2017.ExposuresLaminar, marginal, rim, and parapapillary subtypes of DH were identified based on their respective proximal locations. The laminar and marginal subtypes were classified into the cup-type group, while the rim and parapapillary subtypes were classified into the peripapillary-type group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare survival experiences and multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazard model to identify risk factors for glaucoma progression. Regression analyses, both univariate and multivariate, were used to discover significant indicators of mean deviation (MD) loss.Main Outcome and MeasureThe primary outcome was glaucoma progression. Glaucoma progression was defined either as structural or functional deterioration.ResultsFor all of the eyes, the mean follow-up period was 10.9 (3.7) years (range, 5.1-17.8 years), the mean age at which DH was first detected was 55.1 (11.3) years (range, 21-77 years), and 94 participants were female (64.1%). Over the mean follow-up period of 10.9 years, glaucoma progression was detected in 94 eyes (61.4%) with an MD change of −0.48 dB per year. The cup-type group showed a faster rate of MD change relative to the peripapillary-type group (−0.56 vs −0.32 dB per year; difference = −0.24; 95% CI, −0.37 to −0.11; P = .01). The cup group showed a higher cumulative probability of progression of glaucoma (80.4%) relative to the peripapillary group (54.4%; difference = 26.0%; 95% CI, 11.4%-40.6%; P &amp;lt; .001) in a life table analysis. The presence of cup hemorrhage was associated with an increased risk of glaucoma progression (hazard ratio, 3.28; 95% CI, 2.12-5.07; P &amp;lt; .001) in the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Cup-type DH was associated to MD loss rate in regression analysis.Conclusions And RelevanceThis study showed glaucoma progression was higher in cases of DH classified as the cup type. These findings support the potential utility of assessing the proximal location of DH to predict how glaucoma might progress.
Substituting Medical Cannabis for Medications Among Patients with Rheumatic Conditions in the United States and Canada
Authors: Boehnke Kevin F. , Scott J. Ryan , Martel Marc O. , Smith Tristin , Bergmans Rachel S. , Kruger Daniel J. , Williams David A. , Fitzcharles Mary‐Ann 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThere are numerous reports of people substituting medical cannabis (MC) for medications. Our obejctive was to investigate the degree to which this substitution occurs among people with rheumatic conditions.MethodsIn a secondary analysis from a cross‐sectional survey conducted with patient advocacy groups in the US and Canada, we investigated MC use and medication substitution among people with rheumatic conditions. We subgrouped by whether participants substituted MC for medications and investigated differences in perceived symptom changes and use patterns, including methods of ingestion, cannabinoid content (cannabidiol vs delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]), and use frequency.ResultsAmong 763 participants, 62.5% reported substituting MC products for medications, including nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (54.7%), opioids (48.6%), sleep aids (29.6%), and muscle relaxants (25.2%). Following substitution, most participants reported decreases or cessation in medication use. The primary reasons for substitution were fewer adverse effects, better symptom management, and concerns about withdrawal symptoms. Substitution was associated with THC use and significantly higher symptom improvements (including pain, sleep, anxiety, and joint stiffness) than nonsubstitution, and a higher proportion of substitutors used inhalation routes than those who did not.ConclusionAlthough the determination of causality is limited by our cross‐sectional design, these findings suggest that an appreciable number of people with rheumatic diseases substitute medications with MC for symptom management. Inhalation of MC products containing some THC was most commonly identified among those substituting, and disease characteristics did not differ by substitution status. Further study is needed to better understand the role of MC for symptom management in rheumatic conditions.
Prevalence and Risk of Immunostimulatory Herbal Supplement Treatment Among Autoimmune Dermatology Patients
Authors: Faden Daniella F. , Stone Caroline J. , Xie Lillian , Lopes Almeida Gomes Lais , Werth Victoria P. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveWe assess the prevalence and patterns of herbal supplement treatment among patients with autoimmune skin diseases, particularly dermatomyositis (DM) and cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), and identify commonly taken supplements and their associated risks.MethodsThis study screened 673 adult patients with clinicopathologic evidence of DM or CLE at the University of Pennsylvania's rheumatologic‐dermatology clinic between January 2007 and February 2024. Demographic data, disease characteristics, and detailed information on herbal supplement treatment were collected. Predictors of supplement treatment were analyzed using chi‐square tests and reported as odds ratios.ResultsThe prevalence of herbal supplement treatment was 32% among the cohort. The relative frequency of herbal supplement treatment was significantly higher in younger patients (44% of patients ages 18–29 years, reference; 29% ages 50–64 years, P = 0.02; 23% ages ≥65 years, P = 0.003) and in Hispanic/Latino patients (58% vs 31% White, P = 0.009). No significant difference in herbal supplement treatment was seen by sex (33% of female participants, 29% of male participants, P = 0.49), race (31% White, P = reference; 31% Black, P = 1.0; 38% Asian, P = 0.55), or disease (30% of patients with DM, 36% of patients with CLE; P = 0.12). Among patients with DM, 31% experienced a disease onset or exacerbation after supplement treatment compared with 10% of patients with CLE. Elderberry treatment was associated with the highest risk of exacerbation in both disease cohorts (62% DM, 50% CLE).ConclusionHerbal supplement treatment is prevalent among patients with autoimmune skin diseases, with immunostimulatory supplements posing a significant risk for immune dysregulation, particularly in DM. Providers should proactively screen and counsel patients regarding treatment with these supplements.
Ultralow Dark Current and High‐Detectivity Infrared Phototransistors Enabled by Small‐Diameter Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Xia Xiaolu , Bai Lan , Wang Ying , Zhou Shaoyuan , Zhang Xinyue , Zhang Dijie , Deng Chengjie , Zhang Jianbing , Cao Yu , Liang Xuelei , Zhu Maguang , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to their internal gain mechanism, emerging nanomaterial‐based infrared phototransistors show significant promise for highly sensitive detection; however, they usually suffer from high dark current (Idark) and thus high noise, which restricts the actual detection capability of the detector. Here, a semiconducting carbon nanotube (CNT) film‐based phototransistor is proposed with an ultralow Idark and a high response through the adoption of stacked ZnO/PbS colloidal quantum dot heterojunctions as the photogate to absorb the infrared photons and generate a photovoltage. Solution‐derived semiconducting CNTs with diameters ranging from 0.8 to 1.1 nm are utilized to create a network film that serves as the active channel of the transistor and provides an off‐state current as low as ≈50 fA; this enables an ultralow dark current (pA level) in the infrared phototransistor. By tuning the back‐gate bias, the synergistic modulation is demonstrated of the sensor response and electronic noise and achieve a high detectivity of 5.7 × 1013 Jones under an incident power density of 0.81 nW cm−2 and 1300 nm infrared radiation. These findings provide a promising approach for attaining weak light infrared detection based on nanomaterial‐based photodetectors.
Mannosylated Fluoropolypeptide Nanovaccines Remodeling Tumor Immunosuppressive Microenvironment to Achieve Highly Potent Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: He Meng , Xu Wei , Dan Yuxin , Pan Yue , Li Yingying , Chen Mingsheng , Dong Chang‐Ming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is challenging for nanovaccines (NVs) to effectively deliver antigens/neoantigens to prime specifically potent immunities and remodel immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) for combating immune “cold” cancers. Herein, a novel kind of mannosylated fluoropolypeptide NVs of MFPCOFG (i.e., mannosylated fluoropoly(D,L‐cysteine) ovalbumin‐loaded Fe2+‐gallic acid) is designed that synergistically integrates triple antigen‐metal‐thermoimmunity to remodel immunosuppressive TME and achieve highly potent immunities. MFPCOFG plus near‐infrared irradiation (NIR) effectively facilitated antigen uptake and escape, induced the maturation and antigen cross‐presentations of dendritic cells and macrophages, polarized anti‐inflammatory macrophage phenotype M2 into tumoricial M1, primed potent CD4+/CD8+T cells responses, proinflammatory cytokines secretion and immune memory effects, showcasing triple antigen‐metal‐thermoimmunity outperforming combo/mono‐immunity. Importantly, both MFPCOFG + NIR and personalized NVs can remarkably enhance the tumor infiltration of CD4+/CD8+T and NK cells to boost potent immunities and long‐lasting memory effects, reduce regulatory T (Tregs) and M2 to remodel immunosuppressive TME in B16‐OVA and 4T1 models, achieving superior tumor prevention, ablation, and tumor relapse and metastasis inhibition, as further orchestrated with anti‐PD‐1. Consequently, this work opens up a new avenue to design biocompatible polypeptide nanovaccines with potent immune‐priming and TME‐remodeling capabilities, holding great potentials to combat immune “cold” cancers with clinic‐used anti‐PD‐1 for cancer immunotherapy and personalized immunotherapy.
Fibrosis‐Encapsulated Tumoroid, A Solid Cancer Assembloid Model for Cancer Research and Drug Screening
Authors: Jang Yeonsue , Kang Suki , Han Hyunho , Kang Chang Moo , Cho Nam Hoon , Kim Baek Gil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPeritumoral fibrosis is known to promote cancer progression and confer treatment resistance in various solid tumors. Consequently, developing accurate cancer research and drug screening models that replicate the structure and function of a fibrosis‐surrounded tumor mass is imperative. Previous studies have shown that self‐assembly three‐dimensional (3D) co‐cultures primarily produce cancer‐encapsulated fibrosis or maintain a fibrosis‐encapsulated tumor mass for a short period, which is inadequate to replicate the function of fibrosis, particularly as a physical barrier. To address this limitation, a multi‐layer spheroid formation method is developed to create a fibrosis‐encapsulated tumoroid (FET) structure that maintains structural stability for up to 14 days. FETs exhibited faster tumor growth, higher expression of immunosuppressive cytokines, and equal or greater resistance to anticancer drugs compared to their parental tumoroids. Additionally, FETs serve as a versatile model for traditional cancer research, enabling the study of exosomal miRNA and gene functions, as well as for mechanobiology research when combined with alginate hydrogel. Our findings suggest that the FET represents an advanced model that more accurately mimics solid cancer tissue with peritumoral fibrosis. It may show potential superiority over self‐assembly‐based 3D co‐cultures for cancer research and drug screening, and holds promise for personalized drug selection in cancer treatment.
Sandwich‐Structured Nanofiber Dressings Containing MgB2 and Metformin Hydrochloride With ROS Scavenging and Antibacterial Properties for Wound Healing in Diabetic Infections
Authors: Fang Yueguang , Xiu Lanling , Xiao Dingwen , Zhang Danyang , Wang Miao , Dong Yuesheng , Ye Junwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe treatment of chronic diabetic wounds is a major challenge due to oxidative stress, persistent hyperglycemia, and susceptibility to bacterial infection. In this study, multifunctional sandwich‐structured nanofiber dressings (SNDs) are prepared via electrospinning. The SNDs consisted of an outer layer of hydrophobic polylactic acid (PLA) fibers encapsulating MgB2 nanosheets (MgB2 NSs), a middle layer of PLA and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) fibers encapsulating the MgB2 NSs and metformin hydrochloride complex (MgB2‐Met), and an inner layer of water‐soluble PVP fibers encapsulating MgB2‐Met. Because of their special sandwich structure, SNDs have high photothermal conversion efficiency (24.13%) and photothermal cycle performance. SNDs also exhibit a photothermal effect, bacteria‐targeting effect of MgB2, electrostatic attraction ability of metformin hydrochloride (Met), and strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). SNDs can eliminate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by regulating the hydrogen release from MgB2. In addition, SNDs have good biocompatibility, can effectively inhibit the inflammatory factor Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and promote granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, and diabetic wound healing. These findings offer a promising approach for clinical treatment of diabetic wounds.
Tuning Lipid Nanoparticles for RNA Delivery to Extrahepatic Organs
Authors: Song Donghui , Zhao Yu , Wang Zeyu , Xu Qiaobing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRNA therapeutics have been successfully transitioned into clinical applications. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely employed as nonviral delivery vehicles for RNA therapeutics in commercial vaccine and gene therapy products. However, the bottleneck in expanding the clinical applications of LNP‐based RNA therapeutics lies in the tendency of these nanoparticles to preferentially accumulate in the liver. This challenge underscores the need to design LNPs capable of delivering RNA to organs beyond the liver. In this perspective, recent progress is discussed in developing strategies for designing LNPs to deliver RNA to extrahepatic organs. Organ‐selective targeting capability is achieved by either altering the composition of the LNP formulation or chemically modifying the ionizable lipid component. Both approaches result in changes in the physicochemical properties of the LNPs, which subsequently alters the composition of the biomolecular corona that adsorbs onto its surface following administration. The biomolecular corona is a known mechanism that mediates organ‐selective LNP delivery. Furthermore, this perspective aims to provide an outlook on shaping the next‐generation LNP delivery platforms. Potential efforts include targeting specific cell types, improving the safety profile of LNPs, and developing strategies to overcome physiological barriers against organ‐specific delivery.
Best Practices for Assessing Performance of Photocatalytic Water Splitting Systems
Authors: Takata Tsuyoshi , Lin Lihua , Hisatomi Takashi , Domen Kazunari 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic water splitting has become a very popular research subject in recent years. Consequently, it is important to report appropriately standardized experimental data, so that each researcher can properly understand the results generated by others. However, experimental methods and measures of photocatalytic performance are not yet sufficiently systematic. In the present manuscript, experimental procedures and standardization of photocatalytic performance are described in relation to the basic theory of photocatalytic water splitting.
Spiking Neural Network Integrated with Impact Ionization Field‐Effect Transistor Neuron and a Ferroelectric Field‐Effect Transistor Synapse
Authors: Choi Haeju , Baek Sungpyo , Jung Hanggyo , Kang Taeho , Lee Sangmin , Jeon Jongwook , Jang Byung Chul , Lee Sungjoo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe integration of artificial spiking neurons based on steep‐switching logic devices and artificial synapses with neuromorphic functions enables an energy‐efficient computer architecture that mimics the human brain well, known as a spiking neural network (SNN). 2D materials with impact ionization or ferroelectric characteristics have the potential for use in such devices. However, research on 2D spiking neurons remains limited and investigations of 2D artificial synapses far more common. An innovative 2D spiking neuron is implemented using a WSe2 impact ionization transistor (I2FET), while a spiking neural network is formed by combining it with a 2D ferroelectric synaptic device (FeFET). The suggested 2D spiking neuron demonstrates precise spiking behavior that closely resembles that of actual neurons. In addition, it achieves a low energy consumption of 2 pJ/spike. The better impact ionization properties of WSe2 are responsible for this efficiency. Furthermore, an all‐2D SNN consisting of 2D I2FET neurons and 2D FeFET synapses is constructed, which achieves high accuracy of 87.5% in a face classification task by unsupervised learning. The integration of a 2D SNN with 2D steep‐switching spiking neuronal devices and 2D synaptic devices shows great potential for the development of neuromorphic systems with improved energy efficiency and computational capabilities.
Engineered Protein Hydrogels as Biomimetic Cellular Scaffolds
Authors: Liu Yueming , Gilchrist Aidan E. , Heilshorn Sarah C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe biochemical and biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a pivotal role in regulating cellular behaviors such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Engineered protein‐based hydrogels, with highly tunable multifunctional properties, have the potential to replicate key features of the native ECM. Formed by self‐assembly or crosslinking, engineered protein‐based hydrogels can induce a range of cell behaviors through bioactive and functional domains incorporated into the polymer backbone. Using recombinant techniques, the amino acid sequence of the protein backbone can be designed with precise control over the chain‐length, folded structure, and cell‐interaction sites. In this review, the modular design of engineered protein‐based hydrogels from both a molecular‐ and network‐level perspective are discussed, and summarize recent progress and case studies to highlight the diverse strategies used to construct biomimetic scaffolds. This review focuses on amino acid sequences that form structural blocks, bioactive blocks, and stimuli‐responsive blocks designed into the protein backbone for highly precise and tunable control of scaffold properties. Both physical and chemical methods to stabilize dynamic protein networks with defined structure and bioactivity for cell culture applications are discussed. Finally, a discussion of future directions of engineered protein‐based hydrogels as biomimetic cellular scaffolds is concluded.
Dual‐Site Molecular Dipole Enables Tunable Interfacial Field Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shi Junwei , Samad Muhammad Waqas , Li Fangchao , Guo Chenxi , Liu Cheng , Guo Junjun , Zhang Yong , Zeng Jie , Wang Deng , Ma Wanli , Xu Baomin , Yuan Jianyu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe interfacial management in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), including mitigating the carrier transport barrier and suppressing non‐radiative recombination, still remains a significant challenge for efficiency and stability enhancement. Herein, by screening a family of fluorine (F) terminated dual‐site organic dipole molecules, the study aims to gain insight into the molecular dipole array toward tunable interfacial field. Both experimental and theoretical results reveal that these functional interfacial dipole molecules can effectively anchor on perovskite surface through Lewis acid‐base interaction. In addition, the tailored side‐chain with terminated F atoms allows for altering and constructing a well matched perovskite/Spiro‐OMeTAD interfacial contact. As a result, the inserting dual‐site organic dipole array effectively modulates the interface to deliver a gradient energy level alignment, facilitating carrier extraction and transport. The optimal dual‐site dipole trifluoro‐methanesulfonamide mediated N‐i‐P PSCs achieve the highest efficiency of 25.47%, together with enhanced operational stability under 1000 h of the simulated 1‐sun illumination exposure. These findings are believed to provide insight into the design of dual‐site molecular dipole with sufficient interfacial tunability for perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices.
Synthesis and Photothermal Processing of Silicon‐Based Nanoconfined MXenes
Authors: Khatoon Najma , Subedi Binod , Majed Ahmad , Wang Shiping , He Jibao , Albert Julie N.L. , Naguib Michael , Chrisey Douglas B 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntercalation is a powerful approach to customize the properties of layered materials such as titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXenes. Photonic curing, a novel technique employing intense pulsed light from a xenon flashlamp (≈280–1100 nm wavelength range), offers significant advantages over conventional annealing methods. The pulsed nature of photonic curing enables rapid quenching, which allows trapping of metastable states and the formation of unique nanostructures. Herein, this work reports on the ion exchange intercalation of Ti3C2Tx MXenes with aminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (amino‐PDMS) and the subsequent application of photonic curing to study pyrolysis of intercalated PDMS. The results showed an increase in the interlayer spacing (d‐spacing) of Ti3C2Tx from 1 to 13.5 nm for the 5 kg mol−1 amino‐PDMS (5K‐PDMS) intercalant. After photonic curing, the intercalated PDMS is converted into SiOx or silicon oxycarbide, and the d‐spacing decreased from 13.5 to 11 nm. Furthermore, curing the intercalated MXenes under controlled pressure in different gas environments, this work observes the conversion of PDMS to silicon carbide on the surface of MXenes layers. This study demonstrates the potential of photonic curing as a promising approach for cost‐effective, instantaneous, and scalable synthesis of customizable layered materials with precise control over the nanostructure within the layers.