bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arterial anomalies of the celiac trunk and median arcuate ligament compression in dogs and cats assessed by computed tomography angiography
Authors: Le Pommellet Hélène M. , Scansen Brian A. , Mathys Dimitria A. , Mollenkopf Dixie F. , Reeves Lauren , Skinas Melissa L. , Patel Mira 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo identify abnormalities of the celiac artery (CA) and major branches in dogs and cats by computed tomography angiography (CTA).Study designMulti‐institutional retrospective case series.AnimalsTwo hundred fifty‐four dogs and 13 cats.MethodsAbdominal CTA images from 2009 to 2017 were reviewed. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between CA abnormalities and sex, age, size of dog, concurrent venous anomaly, or presence of gastrointestinal signs.ResultsAbnormalities in the CA were observed in 32 animals (11.9%) including 9 with abnormal branching (3.4%) and 23 with CA compression (8.6%). A celiacomesenteric trunk was observed in 8 (2.9%; 6 dogs, 2 cats). The splenic artery originated from the cranial mesenteric artery in 1 dog; the hepatic arterial branches originated from the left gastric artery in another. Four out of 32 animals (12.5%) with an arterial anomaly had another vascular abnormality. Large breed dogs were more likely to have an arterial anomaly (OR 4.3, 95% CI: 1.18‐15.5,P = .02) and 12 times more likely to have CA compression (OR 12.0, 95% CI: 1.4‐97.7,P = .02) compared to small breed dogs. Dogs with CA compression were more likely to present for gastrointestinal signs (OR 3.6, 95% CI: 1.2‐10.3,P = .01).ConclusionAnomalies of the celiac trunk are apparent on CTA and may impact surgical or image‐guided intervention. Compression at the origin of the CA was apparent on imaging, similar to the median arcuate ligament syndrome in people, although the significance of this finding in dogs is unknown.
Epicardial exposure provided by a novel thoracoscopic pericardectomy technique compared to standard pericardial window
Authors: Barbur Laura A. , Rawlings Clarence A. , Radlinsky MaryAnn G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjective(1) To describe a novel technique for thoracoscopic pericardectomy using a pericardial window with vertical pericardial fillets (PW+F). (2) To compare epicardial exposure between a standard pericardial window (PW) and PW+F.Study designExperimental study.AnimalsPurpose‐bred research dogs (n = 12).MethodsPW was performed through a 3‐port subxiphoid thoracoscopic approach. After PW, vertical fillets were made in the pericardium for PW+F. Thoracoscopic images from 3 views were acquired after each procedure, and percentage of epicardial surface exposed (PESE) was compared. Epicardial exposure and iatrogenic damage to surrounding structures were directly assessed via postmortem gross examination.ResultsThe exposed epicardial surface (PESE) was increased with our novel compared to the standard technique. Median surgery time for PW+F was 25 minutes. The procedure was performed in 11 of 12 dogs without iatrogenic damage to surrounding structures. In 1 dog, the electrosurgery device contacted the epicardium and caused fatal ventricular fibrillation while performing PW+F. Based on postmortem assessment in all dogs with PW+F, the pericardium could move freely away from the heart, exposing the majority of the epicardial surface.ConclusionThoracoscopic PW+F is a novel technique that improves the exposure of the epicardium compared to standard PW. While PW+F can be performed successfully and in an efficient manner, the surgeon must be aware of the risk of iatrogenic trauma to thoracic structures when using electrosurgery.Clinical relevancePW+F offers a relatively safe, efficient, and effective minimally invasive method that improves the exposure of the epicardium compared to PW.
Odd zeta motive and linear forms in odd zeta values
Authors: Dupont Clément 
Published: November 2017

We study a family of mixed Tate motives over $\mathbb{Z}$ whose periods are linear forms in the zeta values $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}(n)$. They naturally include the Beukers–Rhin–Viola integrals for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}(2)$ and the Ball–Rivoal linear forms in odd zeta values. We give a general integral formula for the coefficients of the linear forms and a geometric interpretation of the vanishing of the coefficients of a given parity. The main underlying result is a geometric construction of a minimal ind-object in the category of mixed Tate motives over $\mathbb{Z}$ which contains all the non-trivial extensions between simple objects. In a joint appendix with Don Zagier, we prove the compatibility between the structure of the motives considered here and the representations of their periods as sums of series.
Implementation of a mock root cause analysis to provide simulated patient safety training
Authors: Murphy Martina , Duff Jennifer , Whitney Julie , Canales Benjamin , Markham Merry-Jennifer , Close Julia 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundThe proposed revision to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Common Program Requirements includes participation in real or simulated patient safety activities, such as root cause analysis (RCA).1 Because exposure to RCA may occur with low frequency, a mock RCA was developed and piloted for feasibility with Hematology/Oncology fellows.ObjectiveTo improve trainee knowledge of the goals and application of RCA in patient safety and quality improvement through a simulated experience.MethodsA mock RCA was implemented with Hematology/Oncology fellows over two subsequent years. In small groups, they reviewed a case involving an adverse event and identified sources of harm. Additional details, in the form of provider interviews, were available upon request. Trainees identified the root cause(s) and proposed measurable changes. Teams presented proposals to peers and a panel representing hospital leadership. Feedback was provided. Trainees completed evaluations and were surveyed regarding their perceptions.ResultsThirteen of 15 fellows completed the survey. Twelve of 13 (92%) fellows felt the mock RCA improved their comfort level for participation in a real RCA. Ten of 13 fellows (77%) reported increased awareness and likelihood of reporting near misses and/or adverse events following participation. More thorough patient care documentation following the session was reported by 8 of 13 (62%).ConclusionA pilot trial of a mock RCA with Hematology/Oncology fellows had high trainee satisfaction. Post-session surveys and informal interviews suggest trainees have reduced anxiety when faced with participation in a real RCA and have more interest in the process after participation.
Mucosa-associated invariant T cells link intestinal immunity with antibacterial immune defects in alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Riva Antonio , Patel Vishal , Kurioka Ayako , Jeffery Hannah C , Wright Gavin , Tarff Sarah , Shawcross Debbie , Ryan Jennifer M , Evans Alexander , Azarian Sarah , Bajaj Jasmohan S , Fagan Andrew , Patel Vinood , Mehta Kosha , Lopez Carlos , Simonova Marieta , Katzarov Krum , Hadzhiolova Tanya , Pavlova Slava , Wendon Julia A , Oo Ye Htun , Klenerman Paul , Williams Roger , Chokshi Shilpa 
Published: November 2017

Background/aimsIntestinal permeability with systemic distribution of bacterial products are central in the immunopathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), yet links with intestinal immunity remain elusive. Mucosa-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) are found in liver, blood and intestinal mucosa and are a key component of antibacterial host defences. Their role in ALD is unknown.Methods/designWe analysed frequency, phenotype, transcriptional regulation and function of blood MAIT cells in severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH), alcohol-related cirrhosis (ARC) and healthy controls (HC). We also examined direct impact of ethanol, bacterial products from faecal extracts and antigenic hyperstimulation on MAIT cell functionality. Presence of MAIT cells in colon and liver was assessed by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry/gene expression respectively.ResultsIn ARC and SAH, blood MAIT cells were dramatically depleted, hyperactivated and displayed defective antibacterial cytokine/cytotoxic responses. These correlated with suppression of lineage-specific transcription factors and hyperexpression of homing receptors in the liver with intrahepatic preservation of MAIT cells in ALD. These alterations were stronger in SAH, where surrogate markers of bacterial infection and microbial translocation were higher than ARC. Ethanol exposure in vitro, in vivo alcohol withdrawal and treatment with Escherichia coli had no effect on MAIT cell frequencies, whereas exposure to faecal bacteria/antigens induced functional impairments comparable with blood MAIT cells from ALD and significant MAIT cell depletion, which was not observed in other T cell compartments.ConclusionsIn ALD, the antibacterial potency of MAIT cells is compromised as a consequence of contact with microbial products and microbiota, suggesting that the ‘leaky’ gut observed in ALD drives MAIT cell dysfunction and susceptibility to infection in these patients.
The impact of flavour, device type and warning messages on youth preferences for electronic nicotine delivery systems: evidence from an online discrete choice experiment
Authors: Shang Ce , Huang Jidong , Chaloupka Frank J , Emery Sherry L 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of flavour, device type and health warning messages on youth preference for electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and to provide evidence and data to inform the Food and Drug Administration’s potential regulatory actions on ENDS.DesignAn online discrete choice experiment was conducted in September 2015. Each participant was given nine choice sets and asked to choose one out of two alternative ENDS products, with varying characteristics in three attributes (flavour, device type and warning message). The impact of the attributes on the probability of choosing ENDS was analysed using conditional and nested logit regressions, controlling for individual sociodemographic characteristics and current smoking status.Setting and participantsA general population sample of 515 participants (50 ever-users and 465 never-users of ENDS) aged 14–17 years were recruited to complete the experiment using an online panel.ResultsFruit/sweets/beverage flavours significantly increase the probability of choosing ENDS among youth (p<0.01 for never-users and <0.1 for ever-users) and flavour has the most pronounced impact among three attributes. Among never-users, menthol flavour also increases (p<0.05) the probability of choosing ENDS compared with tobacco flavour. Vaping devices that are modifiable, compared with cigarette-like e-cigarettes, increase (p<0.05) the probability of choosing ENDS among adolescent never-users. Warning messages reduce (p<0.01) the probability of choosing ENDS among never-users.Conclusions and relevanceRestricting fruit/sweets/beverage flavours in ENDS, regulating modifiable vaping devices and adopting strong health warning messages may reduce the uptake of ENDS among youth.
Salmonellahepatic abscess as a sequel to liver lobectomy and biopsy in a dog with hepatocellular adenoma
Authors: Milodowski Emily Jayne , Lamb Christopher R , Lee Karla C L 
Published: November 2017

A dog underwent complete surgical excision of a hepatocellular adenoma by right lateral liver lobectomy and incisional biopsy of a regenerative hepatic nodule of the left lateral lobe. The dog re‐presented eight months later with weakness, pyrexia and elevated liver enzymes. CT demonstrated a large irregular isodense left liver mass. The mass was resected by left lateral liver lobectomy. Histopathology and culture revealed hepatic abscess withSalmonellaspecies. Surgery was followed by a six‐week course of cephalexin, resulting in cure.This is the first report of successful treatment of hepatic abscess involvingSalmonellaspecies in a dog, following liver lobectomy and liver biopsy for management of hepatocellular adenoma. This report highlights hepatic abscesses as a potential late complication of surgery for hepatocellular neoplasia; reviews potential challenges in diagnosing hepatic abscesses on the basis of ultrasound and CT; and demonstrates successful treatment of hepatic salmonellosis, a potential zoonotic infection.
Diagnosis and treatment of a multidrug‐resistant Escherichia coli in a wild eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina)
Authors: Cerreta Anthony J , Papich Mark G , Dise Delta R , Lewbart Gregory A 
Published: November 2017

An adult male eastern box turtle presented to the Turtle Rescue Team at North Carolina State University with clinical signs of an upper respiratory tract infection. After unsuccessful treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics, multidrug‐resistant Escherichia coli was cultured from the infection that was resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents. Based on the culture and susceptibility testing, 10 mg/kg of meropenem was administered intramuscularly every 24 hours for seven days. Meropenem plasma concentrations were measured to ensure that an optimum antibiotic dose was administered. Following treatment with meropenem, clinical signs ceased and subsequent culture reports were negative. Meropenem plasma concentrations identified a short half‐life (4.17 hours) necessitating once‐daily dosing to maintain effective concentrations. Because multiple doses were delivered from a single administration vial, the strength of reconstituted vials of meropenem during storage in the refrigerator was tested. The meropenem concentration was maintained above 90 per cent for 48 hours.
Test of space–time noncommutativity at the future circular collider
Authors: Castorina P. 
Published: November 2017

The Future Circular Collider (FCC) is a crucial step forward to study new physics beyond the standard model and to test fundamental aspects as space–time minimal length and Lorentz violations. As an example, a possible enhancement of [Formula: see text] pair production due to noncommutative effects, catalyzed by the huge magnetic field produced at the beginning of a heavy-ion collision at FCC, is discussed. In noncommutative electrodynamics, a free photon in the magnetic background can produce a [Formula: see text] pair. In particular, for hard photons with transverse energy 100–600 GeV at the beginning of the collision and for a particular kinematical setting of the pair, i.e. large total transverse momentum in the reaction plane and invariant mass in the range 200–400 MeV, the noncommutative contribution, evaluated with the present bound of the noncommutativity fundamental area, can be significant. Other, more exotic, possible signatures of space–time noncommutativity are also considered.
Chapter 1 Introduction to engineering geology and geomorphology of glaciated and periglaciated terrains
Authors: Martin C. J. , Morley A. L. , Griffiths J. S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to the Engineering Group of the Geological Society of London (EGGS) Working Party book on the engineering geology and geomorphology of glaciated and periglaciated terrains. A summary of changes in the extent of glacial and periglacial conditions throughout the Quaternary to the present day is provided initially. The engineering difficulties associated with working in glaciated and periglaciated terrains are demonstrated through the inclusion of seven important case histories. The chapter then discusses the background to the Working Party, the scope and structure of the book, including abstracts of each chapter, before finally guiding the reader on how the book may be used at a site where glacial or periglacial conditions had formerly prevailed. In particular, the importance of updating the ground model at each stage of the project as an approach to risk management is emphasized.
Chapter 9 Conclusions and illustrative case studies
Authors: Griffiths J. S. , Giles D. P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Engineering geology is
inter alia
concerned with the application of geology to the civil engineering industry to ensure safe and economic design and construction. It is a discipline that advances through practice, and case studies of both successes and failures are critical to its development. In this concluding chapter, 19 case studies have been compiled, mainly by those who were directly involved in the projects, to illustrate the nature and complexity of the ground conditions that can be encountered when working in relict glacial and periglacial terrain. The chapter finishes with a section on how the Working Party volume as a whole can be used to guide and improve best practice.
Advances in numerical calibration of the Permian timescale based on radioisotopic geochronology
Authors: Ramezani Jahandar , Bowring Samuel A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Radioisotopic age determinations targeted at key stratigraphic successions worldwide continue to refine the geological timescale with increasing precision and accuracy and to unravel the tempo of global geological, palaeoclimatic and palaeobiotic processes that have shaped our planet. The last decade has witnessed significant progress in the calibration of the Permian Period through integrated stratigraphic, palaeontological and high-precision geochronological investigations. These studies have largely focused on the Cisuralian and Lopingian stages, particularly the end-Permian mass extinction, whereas much of the Guadalupian and its associated events remain inadequately calibrated. A compilation of the high-precision U–Pb geochronology generated in the past ten years yields ages of 298.92±0.19 Ma for the onset of the Permian, 293.52±0.17 Ma for the base-Sakmarian, 290.10±0.14 Ma for the base-Artinskian, 272.95±0.11 Ma for the Cisuralian–Guadalupian boundary, 265.22±0.34 Ma for the base-Capitanian, 254.14±0.12 Ma for the base-Changhsingian and 251.90±0.10 Ma for the Permian–Triassic boundary. Extension of modern astrochronological methods to the Palaeozoic Era presents new opportunities for broader stratigraphic correlations and enhanced calibration of the Permian timescale.
Depth profiling and recessional history of the Hamtah and Parang glaciers in Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, Indian Himalaya
Authors: Swain A. K. , Mukhtar M. A. , Majeed Z. , Shukla S. P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The Himalaya are often referred to as the third pole of the Earth because they host the largest areal extent of glaciation outside the polar regions. Estimating the volume of these glaciers is challenging because the ice thickness of most of the glaciers is not accurately known. Depth profiling of the north-facing Hamtah and Parang glaciers was carried out using ground-penetrating radar surveys. The 6 km long Hamtah glacier and the 2.5 km long Parang glacier, with average widths of 350 and 250 m, respectively, are located in different U-shaped valleys. The depth of the ice–bedrock interface varied from 35 to 95 m in the Hamtah glacier and from 40 to 140 m in the Parang glacier. The valley profiles and ground-penetrating radar data were combined to obtain the volumes of the glaciers. The total volumes of ice in the Parang and Hamtah glaciers were estimated to be 0.179 and 0.375 km
3
, respectively. Shape analyses of different parts of these glaciers suggest that mathematical equations can be used to describe their sequential development. The retreat rates of the Parang and Hamtah glaciers were estimated to be 11.04 and 16.10 m a
−1
, respectively.
Increased respiratory neural drive and work of breathing in exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction
Authors: Walsted Emil S. , Faisal Azmy , Jolley Caroline J. , Swanton Laura L. , Pavitt Matthew J. , Luo Yuan-Ming , Backer Vibeke , Polkey Michael I. , Hull James H. 
Published: November 2017

Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO), a phenomenon in which the larynx closes inappropriately during physical activity, is a prevalent cause of exertional dyspnea in young individuals. The physiological ventilatory impact of EILO and its relationship to dyspnea are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate exercise-related changes in laryngeal aperture on ventilation, pulmonary mechanics, and respiratory neural drive. We prospectively evaluated 12 subjects (6 with EILO and 6 healthy age- and gender-matched controls). Subjects underwent baseline spirometry and a symptom-limited incremental exercise test with simultaneous and synchronized recording of endoscopic video and gastric, esophageal, and transdiaphragmatic pressures, diaphragm electromyography, and respiratory airflow. The EILO and control groups had similar peak work rates and minute ventilation (V̇e) (work rate: 227 ± 35 vs. 237 ± 35 W; V̇e: 103 ± 20 vs. 98 ± 23 l/min; P > 0.05). At submaximal work rates (140–240 W), subjects with EILO demonstrated increased work of breathing ( P < 0.05) and respiratory neural drive ( P < 0.05), developing in close temporal association with onset of endoscopic evidence of laryngeal closure ( P < 0.05). Unexpectedly, a ventilatory increase ( P < 0.05), driven by augmented tidal volume ( P < 0.05), was seen in subjects with EILO before the onset of laryngeal closure; there were however no differences in dyspnea intensity between groups. Using simultaneous measurements of respiratory mechanics and diaphragm electromyography with endoscopic video, we demonstrate, for the first time, increased work of breathing and respiratory neural drive in association with the development of EILO. Future detailed investigations are now needed to understand the role of upper airway closure in causing exertional dyspnea and exercise limitation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction is a prevalent cause of exertional dyspnea in young individuals; yet, how laryngeal closure affects breathing is unknown. In this study we synchronized endoscopic video with respiratory physiological measurements, thus providing the first detailed commensurate assessment of respiratory mechanics and neural drive in relation to laryngeal closure. Laryngeal closure was associated with increased work of breathing and respiratory neural drive preceded by an augmented tidal volume and a rise in minute ventilation.