bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of enzymatic digestion on bacterial community composition in CF airway samples
Authors: Williamson Kayla M. , Wagner Brandie D. , Robertson Charles E. , Johnson Emily J. , Zemanick Edith T. , Harris J. Kirk 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated the importance of DNA extraction methods for molecular detection ofStaphylococcus,an important bacterial group in cystic fibrosis (CF). We sought to evaluate the effect of enzymatic digestion (EnzD) prior to DNA extraction on bacterial communities identified in sputum and oropharyngeal swab (OP) samples from patients with CF.MethodsDNA from 81 samples (39 sputum and 42 OP) collected from 63 patients with CF was extracted in duplicate with and without EnzD. Bacterial communities were determined by rRNA gene sequencing, and measures of alpha and beta diversity were calculated. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) was used to assess differences at the community level and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used to compare relative abundance (RA) of individual genera for paired samples with and without EnzD.ResultsShannon Diversity Index (alpha-diversity) decreased in sputum and OP samples with the use of EnzD. Larger shifts in community composition were observed for OP samples (beta-diversity, measured by Morisita-Horn), whereas less change in communities was observed for sputum samples. The use of EnzD with OP swabs resulted in significant increase in RA for the generaGemella(p < 0.01),Streptococcus(p < 0.01), andRothia(p < 0.01).Staphylococcus(p < 0.01) was the only genus with a significant increase in RA from sputum, whereas the following genera decreased in RA with EnzD:Veillonella(p < 0.01),Granulicatella(p < 0.01),Prevotella(p < 0.01), andGemella(p = 0.02). In OP samples, higher RA of Gram-positive taxa was associated with larger changes in microbial community composition.DiscussionWe show that the application of EnzD to CF airway samples, particularly OP swabs, results in differences in microbial communities detected by sequencing. Use of EnzD can result in large changes in bacterial community composition, and is particularly useful for detection ofStaphylococcusin CF OP samples. The enhanced identification ofStaphylococcus aureusis a strong indication to utilize EnzD in studies that use OP swabs to monitor CF airway communities.
SIX4 promotes metastasis via activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway in colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Guodong , Hu Fuqing , Luo Xuelai , Hu Junbo , Feng Yongdong 
Published: May 2017

Background
Several studies report aberrant expression of sine oculis homeobox (SIX) homolog family members during cancer development and progression. SIX4 participates in organ development, such as myogenesis and neurogenesis. However, the expression and clinical implication of SIX4 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear.

Methods
The SIX4 expression levels in colorectal patients were assessed in nine different human cancer arrays and compared using patient survival data. SIX4 expression was silenced in two cell culture lines for invasion and wound healing assessment. Finally, bioinformatics assessments ascertained the pathways impacted by SIX4.

Results
SIX4 was upregulated in The Cancer Genome Atlas CRC cohort and other gene expression omnibus (GEO) cohorts. In addition, SIX4 expression significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stages. Moreover, SIX4 overexpression was related to unfavorable prognosis in CRC patients. Silencing SIX4 inhibited CRC cell metastasis by surpressing AKT phosphorylation.

Discussion
SIX4 is upregulated in CRC and can be used as a prognosis biomarker.
Character strengths, social anxiety, and physiological stress reactivity
Authors: Li Tingting , Duan Wenjie , Guo Pengfei 
Published: May 2017

In this paper, the effects of character strengths on the physiological reactivity to social anxiety induced by the Trier Social Stress Task were reported. On the basis of their scores in the Chinese Virtues Questionnaire, 30 college students were assigned to either high- (n = 15) or low-character-strength (n = 15) groups. Their psychological stress and physiological data across three laboratory stages (namely, baseline, stress exposure, and post-stress) were collected. Results indicated that individuals with high character strengths exhibited rapid cardiovascular recovery from baseline to post-stress even if high- and low-character-strength groups showed similar patterns of cardiovascular arousal in response to the stress at baseline and stress exposure. These results prove that character strengths are stress-defense factors that allow for psychological and physiological adaptation to stress.
Combined Methylphenidate and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Lee Dong Yun , Kim Chungsoo , Shin Yunmi , Park Rae Woong 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceDepression is a common comorbidity of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the combination of methylphenidate and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is a frequently prescribed treatment. However, there is limited clinical evidence on the safety of this medication combination in adults with ADHD.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety of administering a combination of SSRI and methylphenidate in adults with ADHD and comorbid depression.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study obtained data from a nationwide claims database in South Korea from January 2016 to February 2021. Participants were adults aged 18 years or older with a diagnosis of ADHD and depressive disorder who were prescribed methylphenidate. Comparisons of 4 groups who received prescriptions were conducted: (1) SSRI plus methylphenidate (hereafter, SSRI) group vs methylphenidate-only group and (2) methylphenidate plus fluoxetine (hereafter, fluoxetine) group vs methylphenidate plus escitalopram (hereafter, escitalopram) group (compared to find a preferable treatment option). Data analysis was conducted between July and December 2023.ExposuresNew users of the methylphenidate and SSRI combination among adults with both ADHD and depressive disorder.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA total of 17 primary and secondary outcomes, including neuropsychiatric and other events, were assessed, with respiratory tract infection used as a control outcome. Groups were matched at a 1:1 ratio using a propensity score to balance confounders. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate hazard ratio (HRs) and 95% CIs. Subgroup analysis by sex and sensitivity analyses in varying epidemiologic settings were conducted.ResultsThe study included 17 234 adults with ADHD (mean [SD] age at study entry, 29.4 [10.8] years; 9079 females [52.7%]). There was no difference in the risk of outcomes between the methylphenidate-only and SSRI groups, except for a lower risk of headache in the SSRI group (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.24-0.99). In sensitivity analyses of fluoxetine vs escitalopram, the risk of hypertension (HR: 1:n matching, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.08-0.67) and hyperlipidemia (HR: 1:n matching, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.04-0.81) was lower in the fluoxetine group than in the escitalopram group.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this study revealed no significant increase in adverse event risk associated with use of SSRI plus methylphenidate vs methylphenidate alone in adults with ADHD and comorbid depression. Instead, the combination was associated with a lower risk of headache.
Automated quality control analysis for American College of Radiology (ACR) digital mammography (DM) phantom images
Authors: Alawaji Zeyad , Taba Seyedamir Tavakoli , Cartwright Lucy , Rae William 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop and validate an automated software analysis method for mammography image quality assessment of the American College of Radiology (ACR) digital mammography (DM) phantom images.MethodsTwenty‐seven DICOM images were acquired using Fuji mammography systems. All images were evaluated by three expert medical physicists using the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) mammography quality control guideline. To enhance the robustness and sensitivity assessment of our algorithm, an additional set of 12 images from a Hologic mammography system was included to test various phantom positional adjustments. The software automatically chose multiple regions of interest (ROIs) for analysis. A template matching method was primarily used for image analysis, followed by an additional method that locates and scores each target object (speck groups, fibers, and masses).ResultsThe software performance shows a good to excellent agreement with the average scoring of observers (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] of 0.75, 0.79, 0.82 for speck groups, fibers, and masses, respectively). No significant differences were found in the scoring of target objects between human observers and the software. Both methods achieved scores meeting the pass criteria for speck groups and masses. Expert observers allocated lower scores to fiber objects, with diameters less than 0.61 mm, when compared to the software. The software was able to accurately score objects when the phantom position changed by up to 25 mm laterally, up to 5 degrees rotation, and overhanging the chest wall edge by up to 15 mm.ConclusionsAutomated software analysis is a feasible method that may help improve the consistency and reproducibility of mammography image quality assessment with reduced reliance on human interaction and processing time.
Retrospective assessment of HDR brachytherapy dose calculation methods in locally advanced cervical cancer patients: AcurosBV vs. AAPM TG43 formalism
Authors: Radcliffe Billie Ann , Kim Yongbok , Raffi Julie , Ayala‐Peacock Diandra N. , Stephens Sarah J. , Chino Junzo , Meltsner Sheridan , Craciunescu Oana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeThis retrospective analysis was completed to investigate the use of a model‐based dose calculation algorithm (MBDCA) AcurosBV, for use in HDR BT treatments for locally advanced cervical cancer treated with tandem and ovoid applicators with interstitial needles.MethodsA cohort of 32 patients receiving post‐EBRT HDR brachytherapy boost with a prescription dose of 5.5 Gy × 5 fractions to the high‐risk clinical target volume (CTVHR) were selected for this study. For standard TG43 dose calculation, applicators were manually digitized on the planning images, while for AcurosBV calculations, solid renderings of Titanium Fletcher Suite Delclos (FSD) applicators included in BrachyVision were matched to those used clinically and Ti needles were manually digitized. The dose was recalculated using Varian's AcurosBV 13.5 and dose‐to‐medium‐in‐medium (Dm,m) was reported. EQD2 values for targets and organs at risk were compared between dose calculation formalisms. D90% and D98% values were reported for the high and intermediate‐risk CTVs, and values were reported for OARs including bladder, rectum, sigmoid, bowel, and vagina. Due to variability within the patient cohort, the dosimetric impact of AcurosBV was investigated corresponding to planning image modality (CT vs. CBCT), presence of Ti needles, and contrast within vaginal balloons used to stabilize implants. AcurosBV showed lower dosimetric values for all plans compared to TG43.ResultsThe average ± standard deviation of dosimetric reduction in D90% was 4.33 ± 0.09% for CTVHR and 4.12 ± 0.09% for CTVIR. The reduction to OARs was: 4.99 ± 0.15% for bladder, 7.87 ± 0.16% for rectum, 5.79 ± 0.17% for sigmoid, 6.91 ± 0.14% for bowel, and 4.55 ± 0.14% for vagina.ConclusionsAcurosBV should be utilized for HDR BT GYN cases, treated with tandem and ovoid applicators, with high degrees of heterogeneity and calculated in tandem with TG43.
Ultrahigh Capacitive Energy Storage in a Heterogeneous Nanolayered Composite
Authors: Li Xinhui , Chen Xiaoxiao , Wang Jian , Zhen Xin , Lei Chunyu , Shen Zhonghui , Zhang Xin , Nan Ce‐Wen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFerroelectric polymers with robust electrical polarization have been extensively investigated for capacitive energy storage. However, their inherent ferroelectric hysteresis loss limits the discharged energy density and compromises energy efficiency. Here, a heterogeneous nanolayered composite of ferroelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) and Al2O3 is presented, which effectively mitigates ferroelectric hysteresis loss while maintaining high polarization and enhanced breakdown strength. Phase‐field simulations indicate that the polarization behaviors of the heterogeneous layered structure are jointly influenced by the thickness and dielectric constant of each component, which balances the electrical energy and Landau energy within the heterogeneous system. Guided by the theoretical simulations, optimized polarization behaviors are achieved with a significant reduction in remnant polarization and ferroelectric loss in the P(VDF‐TrFE)/Al2O3 composites through careful control of P(VDF‐TrFE) thickness at nanometer scale. Moreover, the presence of multiple interfaces in the layered composites leads to a remarkable enhancement in polarization and breakdown strength. Consequently, an ultrahigh energy density of about 108 J cm−3 is achieved with a high charge–discharge efficiency of exceeding 80%. This work not only presents a straightforward approach to modify the polarization behaviors of ferroelectric polymers but also demonstrates a promising strategy for developing high‐energy‐density polymer nanocomposites.
Electronic Confinement‐Restrained MnNa·${\mathrm{Mn}}_{{\mathrm{Na}}}^{\mathrm{\cdot}}$ Anti‐Site Defects in Sodium‐Rich Phosphates Toward Multi‐Electron Transfer and High Energy Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Heng , Gu Zhen‐Yi , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Zhao Xin‐Xin , Heng Yong‐Li , Liu Yan , Yang Jia‐Lin , Zheng Shuo‐Hang , Wu Xing‐Long 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSodium (Na) super‐ionic conductor structured Na3MnTi(PO4)3 (NMTP) cathodes have garnered interest owing to their cost‐effectiveness and high operating voltages. However, the voltage hysteresis phenomenon triggered by anti‐site defects (‐ASD), namely, the occupation of Mn2+ in the Na2 vacancies in NMTP, leads to sluggish diffusion kinetics and low energy efficiency. This study employs an innovative electronic confinement‐restrained strategy to achieve the regulation of ‐ASD. Partial replacement of titanium (Ti) with electron‐rich vanadium (V) favors strong electronic interactions with Mn2+, restraining Mn2+ migration. The results suggest that this strategy can significantly increase the vacancy formation energy and migration energy barrier of manganese (Mn), thus inhibiting ‐ASD formation. As proof of this concept, an Na‐rich Na3.5MnTi0.5V0.5(PO4)3 (NMTVP) material is designed, wherein the electronic interaction enhanced the redox activity and achieved more Na+ storage under high‐voltage. The NMTVP cathode delivered a reversible specific capacity of up to 182.7 mAh g−1 and output an excellent specific energy of 513.8 Wh kg−1, corresponding to ≈3.2 electron transfer processes, wherein the energy efficiency increased by 35.5% at 30 C. Through the confinement effect of electron interactions, this strategy provides novel perspectives for the exploitation and breakthrough of high‐energy‐density cathode materials in Na‐ion batteries.
An Oriented Diffusion Strategy to Configure All‐Region Ultrahigh‐Density Metal Single Atoms for High‐Capacity Sodium Storage
Authors: Ai Lishen , Zhao Zongbin , Song Xuedan , Tang Yongchao , Li Yong , Wang Xuzhen , Bi Honghui , Yuan Yanbing , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSingle‐atom metals (SAMs), despite being promising for high‐utilization catalysis, biomedicine, and energy storage, usually suffer from limited catalytic performance caused by low metal loading. Herein, via an oriented diffusion strategy, all‐region ultrahigh‐loading (18.9 wt.%) Sn‐SAMs over carbon nanorings matrix (Sn‐SAMs@CNR) are initially achieved based on the transformation of a g‐C3N4@SnO2@polydopamine ring‐like nested structure. The formation process of Sn‐SAMs involves a critical conversion from oxygen‐coordination (SnO2) to nitrogen‐coordination (Sn‐N4) and simultaneous anti‐Osterwalder ripening promoted under spatial confinement. Notably, the g‐C3N4‐derived N‐containing gaseous intermediates dynamically drive the oriented diffusion (inside‐out diffusion) of Sn‐SAMs across the carbon nanorings, realizing an all‐region ultrahigh loading of SAMs throughout the carbon matrix. This strategy is also applied to other metal materials (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Sb), and features excellent universality. When applied as the anode for sodium‐ion batteries, experimental analyses and theoretical calculations demonstrate that high‐loading Sn‐N4 active sites significantly optimize electron density distribution and improve reaction kinetics. Consequently, Sn‐SAMs@CNR exhibits outstanding durability of 364 mAh g−1 even after 5000 cycles with an impressively low (0.00068%) capacity decay per cycle. This work opens up a universally new avenue for all‐region ultrahigh loading of SAMs to carbon matrix for high‐performance energy storage.
Effect of Epoxy Conductive Adhesive on Film Deformation During the Thermoforming Process for In‐Mold Electronic Devices
Authors: Arias‐García Francisco Ituriel , Lozano‐Hernandez Nekane , Ruldua Maria Lluisa Maspoch , Baig Enric Fontdecaba 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn‐Mold Electronics (IME) is an innovative technology that allows the creation of 3D‐shaped electronic surfaces by combining printed electronics and In‐Mold Decoration (IMD). During the manufacturing process, the materials that integrate these devices, such as adhesive, must endure the transformation conditions of thermoforming. However, the adhesive rigidity may influence the deformation of the film during this process. In this study, both printed and hybridized samples are compared regarding their stretching and thickness reduction during the thermoforming process. The results indicate that the deformation of the hybridized samples differs from the printed ones, resulting in less stretching in areas near the adhesive, with stretching increasing as it steps away from where it is deposited. Thickness values are also affected, being greater around the adhesive and decreasing farther away. Therefore, the presence of the adhesive significantly impacts the behavior of the film during processing, a factor that must be considered in the design of IME devices to maximize the number of functional devices.
Reprogrammable 3D Shapes from 1D Metamaterial
Authors: Ben‐Abu Ezra , Zigelman Anna , Veksler Yaron , Givli Sefi , Filipov Evgueni , Lipson Hod , Gat Amir D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThree billion years of evolution have produced a vast variety of protein molecules, whose functions are directly dependent on their ability to assume and maintain specific shapes. Proteins are defined by the sequence and chemical characteristics of their amino acids, which dictate their 3D shape and function, ranging from enzymatic activity to immune responses. Here, we explore a synthetic form of linear structure that can be bent in a programmable way into various specific 3D shapes inspired by the way functional proteins are defined using genetic codes. This synthetic structure is based on non‐circular multistable corrugated tubes, which can be fabricated at various length scales and cross‐sectional shapes, thus enabling the modification of their properties. Additionally, the cross‐section shape can be rewritten multiple times, allowing for the repair of structural damage and the rewriting of the properties of the structure's multi‐stability. A numerical model is used to describe the bending energy landscape of different cross‐sections. The proposed reprogrammable 3D shapes of a rewritable 1D metamaterial are promising candidates for futuristic robotic systems, complex deployable structures, catheter devices, and energy absorption and harvesting.
NIR‐II Anti‐Stokes Luminescence Nanocrystals with 1710 nm Excitation for in vivo Bioimaging
Authors: Chen Zi‐Han , Yun Baofeng , Hou Yanran , Wang Xiaohan , Wang Xusheng , Xu Jing , Jiang Li , Han Ting , Zhang Hongxin , Zhang Fan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnti‐Stokes luminescence (ASL) based on lanthanide nanocrystals holds immense promise for in vivo optical imaging and bio‐detection, which benefits from filtered autofluorescence. However, the current longest emission and excitation wavelengths of lanthanide ASL system were shorter than 1200 nm and 1532 nm, respectively, which limited tissue penetration depth and caused low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of in vivo imaging due to tissue scattering and water absorption. In this work, we extended the excitation wavelength to 1710 nm with the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) emission up to 1650 nm through a novel ASL nanocrystal LiYF4 : 10 %Tm@LiYF4 : 70 %Er@LiYF4. Compared with 1532 nm excited ASL nanoprobes, the 1710 nm excited nanocrystals could improve in vivo imaging SNR by 12.72 folds. Based on this excellent imaging performance of the proposed ASL nanoprobes, three‐channel in vivo dynamic multiplexed imaging was achieved, which quantitatively revealed metabolic rates of intestinal dynamics and liver enrichment under anesthetized and awake states. This innovative ASL nanoprobes and dynamic multiplexed imaging technology would be conducive to optimizing dosing regimen and treatment plans across various physiological conditions.
Chemically Stable Diazo Peptides as Selective Probes of Cysteine Proteases in Living Cells
Authors: Wahl Juliane , Ahsanullah  , Zupan Hana , Gottschalk Franziska , Nerlich Andreas , Arkona Christoph , Hocke Andreas C. , Keller Bettina G. , Rademann Jörg 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDiazo peptides have been described earlier, however, due to their high reactivity have not been broadly used until today. Here, we report the preparation, properties, and applications of chemically stable internal diazo peptides. Peptidyl phosphoranylidene‐esters and amides were found to react with triflyl azide primarily to novel 3,4‐disubstituted triazolyl‐peptides. Nonaflyl azide instead furnished diazo peptides, which are chemically stable from pH 1–14 as amides and from pH 1–8 as esters. Thus, diazo peptides prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis were stable to final deprotection with 95 % trifluoroacetic acid. Diazo peptides with the recognition sequence of caspase‐3 were identified as specific, covalent, and irreversible inhibitors of this enzyme at low nanomolar concentrations. A fluorescent diazo peptide entered living cells enabling microscopic imaging and quantification of apoptotic cells via flow cytometry. Thus, internal diazo peptides constitute a novel class of activity‐based probes and enzyme inhibitors useful in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry.