bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haasttse‐baad Tessera Ring Complex: A Valhalla‐Type Impact Structure on Venus?
Authors: López I. , Bjonnes E. , Hansen V. L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVenus preserves ∼1,000 impact craters, yet to date no impact basins larger than 300 km in diameter—common in the oldest terrains on Mercury, Mars and the Moon—are recognized on Venus. The tessera terrain is Venus' oldest recognized terrain. We describe a ∼1,500 km‐diameter concentric ring‐graben complex preserved on Haasttse‐baad Tessera, Venus that we identify as the Haasttse‐baad Tessera Ring Complex (HTRC). Based on geologic relations and numerical modeling, we propose that the HTRC may represent a Valhalla‐type multiring impact basin formed late during the evolution of its host ribbon‐tessera terrain (rtt). Formation of Valhalla‐type impact basins could involve a unique three‐layer target rheology with a thin elastic layer above a low viscosity layer above a deep strong layer. This multi‐layer rheological sandwich is consistent with crustal rheology previously proposed for the formation of Venus' rtt. If the HTRC is a Valhalla‐type impact basin, it would be Venus' oldest, and currently largest, impact structure, providing a rare window into Venus' ancient past and with implications for early crustal processes on Venus.
Changes in Global Heatwave Risk and Its Drivers Over One Century
Authors: Wang Chuan , Li Zhi , Chen Yaning , Li Yupeng , Ouyang Lin , Zhu Jianyu , Sun Fan , Song Shiran , Li Hongwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHeatwaves represent a significant and growing threat to natural ecosystems and socio‐economic structures, making heatwave risk mitigation and prevention an important area of research. In exploring heatwave frequency and intensity from 1901 to 2020, the present study finds a sharp increase in both. The study also finds that the spatial distribution of heatwaves is unequal, the volatility of intensity characteristics has become more prominent over time, and the Gini coefficients of four key heatwave indictors have become larger due to increasing dryness. Although heatwaves occur more frequently in drylands, there is greater cumulative heat in humid areas, resulting in a higher heatwave risk in those areas. The global heatwave risk over the past three decades (1991–2020) has increased nearly five‐fold compared to the early 20th century (1901–1930). Furthermore, GeoDetector analysis indicates that the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) and downward surface shortwave radiation (Srad) contributing the most in drylands and humid areas (0.29 and 0.41, respectively). The contribution of relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), soil moisture (SM), and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is also significant in humid areas, but is much smaller in drylands. Composite analysis shows that the years with anomalously high heatwave risk correspond to positive anomalies of 500hPa geopotential height and surface pressure. The inhibition of cloud formation due to sinking air and the resulting increase in temperature in the atmosphere may be increasing the risk of heatwave occurrence. This study emphasizes the urgent need to address worsening climate change impacts.
Geodynamics of Super‐Earth GJ 486b
Authors: Meier Tobias G. , Bower Dan J. , Lichtenberg Tim , Hammond Mark , Tackley Paul J. , Pierrehumbert Raymond T. , Caballero José A. , Tsai Shang‐Min , Weiner Mansfield Megan , Tosi Nicola , Baumeister Philipp 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany super‐Earths are on very short orbits around their host star and, therefore, more likely to be tidally locked. Because this locking can lead to a strong contrast between the dayside and nightside surface temperatures, these super‐Earths could exhibit mantle convection patterns and tectonics that could differ significantly from those observed in the present‐day solar system. The presence of an atmosphere, however, would allow transport of heat from the dayside toward the nightside and thereby reduce the surface temperature contrast between the two hemispheres. On rocky planets, atmospheric and geodynamic regimes are closely linked, which directly connects the question of atmospheric thickness to the potential interior dynamics of the planet. Here, we study the interior dynamics of super‐Earth GJ 486b ( , , K), which is one of the most suitable M‐dwarf super‐Earth candidates for retaining an atmosphere produced by degassing from the mantle and magma ocean. We investigate how the geodynamic regime of GJ 486b is influenced by different surface temperature contrasts by varying possible atmospheric circulation regimes. We also investigate how the strength of the lithosphere affects the convection pattern. We find that hemispheric tectonics, the surface expression of degree‐1 convection with downwellings forming on one hemisphere and upwelling material rising on the opposite hemisphere, is a consequence of the strong lithosphere rather than surface temperature contrast. Anchored hemispheric tectonics, where downwellings und upwellings have a preferred (day/night) hemisphere, is favored for strong temperature contrasts between the dayside and nightside and higher surface temperatures.
A Drosophila-inspired intelligent olfactory biomimetic sensing system for gas recognition in complex environments
Authors: Yue Xiawei , Wang Jiachuang , Yang Heng , Li Zening , Zhao Fangyu , Liu Wenyuan , Zhang Pingping , Chen Hong , Jiang Hanjun , Qin Nan , Tao Tiger H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe olfactory sensory system of Drosophila has several advantages, including low power consumption, high rapidity and high accuracy. Here, we present a biomimetic intelligent olfactory sensing system based on the integration of an 18-channel microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensor array (16 gas sensors, 1 humidity sensor and 1 temperature sensor), a complementary metal‒oxide‒semiconductor (CMOS) circuit and an olfactory lightweight machine-learning algorithm inspired by Drosophila. This system is an artificial version of the biological olfactory perception system with the capabilities of environmental sensing, multi-signal processing, and odor recognition. The olfactory data are processed and reconstructed by the combination of a shallow neural network and a residual neural network, with the aim to determine the noxious gas information in challenging environments such as high humidity scenarios and partially damaged sensor units. As a result, our electronic olfactory sensing system is capable of achieving comprehensive gas recognition by qualitatively identifying 7 types of gases with an accuracy of 98.5%, reducing the number of parameters and the difficulty of calculation, and quantitatively predicting each gas of 3–5 concentration gradients with an accuracy of 93.2%; thus, these results show superiority of our system in supporting alarm systems in emergency rescue scenarios.
Perioperative sintilimab and neoadjuvant anlotinib plus chemotherapy for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial (TD-NeoFOUR trial)
Authors: Duan Hongtao , Shao Changjian , Luo Zhilin , Wang Tianhu , Tong Liping , Liu Honggang , Yao Xin , Lei Jie , Zhao Jinbo , Gao Yuan , Jiang Tao , Yan Xiaolong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant sintilimab combined with anlotinib and chemotherapy, followed by adjuvant sintilimab, for resectable NSCLC. Forty-five patients received anlotinib (10 mg, QD, PO, days 1–14), sintilimab (200 mg, day 1), and platinum-based chemotherapy of each three-week cycle for 3 cycles, followed by surgery within 4–6 weeks. Adjuvant sintilimab (200 mg) was administered every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was achieving a pathological complete response (pCR). From June 10, 2021 through October 10, 2023, 45 patients were enrolled and composed the intention-to-treat population. Twenty-six patients (57.8%) achieved pCR, and 30 (66.7%) achieved major pathological response (MPR). Forty-one patients underwent surgery. In the per-protocol set (PP set), 63.4% (26/41) achieved pCR, and 73.2% achieved MPR. The median event-free survival was not attained (95% CI, 25.1-NE). During the neoadjuvant treatment phase, grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events were observed in 25 patients (55.6%), while immune-related adverse events were reported in 7 patients (15.6%). We assessed vascular normalization and infiltration of immune-related cells by detecting the expression of relevant cell markers in NSCLC tissues with mIHC. Significant tumor microenvironment changes were observed in pCR patients, including reduced VEGF+ cells and CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells, and increased perivascular CD4+ T cells, CD39+CD8+ T cells, and M1 macrophages. In conclusion, perioperative sintilimab and neoadjuvant anlotinib plus chemotherapy achieved pCR in a notable proportion of patients with resectable NSCLC and were associated with profound changes in the tumour microenvironment (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05400070).
Stochastic properties of musical time series
Authors: Nelias Corentin , Geisel Theo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMusical sequences are correlated dynamical processes that may differ depending on musical styles. We aim to quantify the correlations through power spectral analysis of pitch sequences in a large corpus of musical compositions as well as improvised performances. Using a multitaper method we extend the power spectral estimates down to the smallest possible frequencies optimizing the tradeoff between bias and variance. The power spectral densities reveal a characteristic behavior; they typically follow inverse power laws (1/f β-noise), yet only down to a cutoff frequency, where they end in a plateau. Correspondingly the pitch autocorrelation function exhibits slow power law decays only up to a cutoff time, beyond which the correlations vanish. We determine cutoff times between 4 and 100 quarter note units for the compositions and improvisations of the corpus, serving as a measure for the degree of persistence and predictability in music. The histogram of exponents β for the power law regimes has a pronounced peak near β = 1 for classical compositions, but is much broader for jazz improvisations.
Rupture strength of living cell monolayers
Authors: Duque Julia , Bonfanti Alessandra , Fouchard Jonathan , Baldauf Lucia , Azenha Sara R. , Ferber Emma , Harris Andrew , Barriga Elias H. , Kabla Alexandre J. , Charras Guillaume 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo fulfil their function, epithelial tissues need to sustain mechanical stresses and avoid rupture. Although rupture is usually undesired, it is central to some developmental processes, for example, blastocoel formation. Nonetheless, little is known about tissue rupture because it is a multiscale phenomenon that necessitates comprehension of the interplay between mechanical forces and biological processes at the molecular and cellular scales. Here we characterize rupture in epithelial monolayers using mechanical measurements, live imaging and computational modelling. We show that despite consisting of only a single layer of cells, monolayers can withstand surprisingly large deformations, often accommodating several-fold increases in their length before rupture. At large deformation, epithelia increase their stiffness multiple fold in a process controlled by a supracellular network of keratin filaments. Perturbing the keratin network organization fragilized the monolayers and prevented strain-stiffening. Although the kinetics of adhesive bond rupture ultimately control tissue strength, tissue rheology and the history of deformation set the strain and stress at the onset of fracture.
Energy management and demand side management framework for nano-grid under various utility strategies and consumer’s preference
Authors: Elias Youliana Bimen , Yousef Mariem Y. , Mohamed Abdalla , Ali A. A. , Mosa Magdi A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research proposes a day-ahead scheduling utilizing both demand side management (DSM), and Energy Management (EM) in a grid-tied nanogrid comprises of photovoltaic, battery, and diesel generator for optimizing the generation cost and the energy not supplied (at grid-outage). Wider terminology is introduced to combine both load controllability (considered in traditional DSM), and interval capability to accommodate additional loads defined as flexible, non-flexible, and semi-flexible intervals. Moreover, the user selection for EM or combined operation of EM with DSM at different degrees of interval flexibility is defined as user preference. In addition, three utility’s operations are considered denoted as fixed rate pricing (FRP), time-of-use (ToU) pricing, and FRP with grid-outage. Hence, the suggested framework utilizes the opportunities of generation diversity, the electricity pricing strategy, and the load flexibility. The obtained result show that, DSM with flexible intervals reduces the cost by 21.02%, 25.23%, and 18.15% for FRP, ToU, and FRP with grid-outage scenarios respectively. And cost reduction by 20.41%, 22.42%, and 17.81% for DSM with semi-flexible intervals and 16.24%, 21.15%, and 13.8% for DSM with non-flexible intervals. This cost reduction is associated with full utilization of renewable energy generation and reduction of the energy from/to battery which enhances its lifetime or reduces the required battery size during design stage for cost and provisions saving in flexible and semi-flexible intervals. A hybrid optimization technique of Moth-flame optimization algorithm, and Lagrange’s multiplier is proposed and confirms its effectiveness with detailed comparison with other techniques.
Considerations of growth factor and material use in bone tissue engineering using biodegradable scaffolds in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Marshall Karen M. , Wojciechowski Jonathan P. , Jayawarna Vineetha , Hasan Abshar , Echalier Cécile , Øvrebø Øystein , Yang Tao , Zhou Kun , Kanczler Janos M. , Mata Alvaro , Salmeron-Sanchez Manuel , Stevens Molly M. , Oreffo Richard O. C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBone tissue engineering aims to harness materials to develop functional bone tissue to heal ‘critical-sized’ bone defects. This study examined a robust, coated poly(caprolactone) trimethacrylate (PCL-TMA) 3D-printable scaffold designed to augment bone formation. Following optimisation of the coatings, three bioactive coatings were examined, i) elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), ii) poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA), fibronectin (FN) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) applied sequentially (PEA/FN/BMP-2) and iii) both ELP and PEA/FN/BMP-2 coatings applied concurrently. The scaffold material was robust and showed biodegradability. The coatings demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) osteogenic response in vitro in alkaline phosphatase gene upregulation and alkaline phosphatase production. The PCL-TMA scaffold and coatings supported angiogenesis and displayed excellent biocompatibility following evaluation on the chorioallantoic membrane assay. No significant (p < 0.05) heterotopic bone formed on the scaffolds within a murine subcutaneous implantation model, compared to the positive control of BMP-2 loaded collagen sponge following examination by micro-computed tomography or histology. The current studies demonstrate a range of innovative coated scaffold constructs with in vitro efficacy and clearly illustrate the importance of an appropriate in vivo environment to validate in vitro functionality prior to scale up and preclinical application.
Social negotiation and “accents” in Western lowland gorillas’ gestural communication
Authors: Prieur Jacques , Liebal Katja , Pika Simone 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent findings on chimpanzee infants’ gestural development show that they use some gesture types flexibly and adjust them depending on their interaction partner and social context, suggesting that gestural communication is partly learnt and partly genetically determined. However, how gesture types are shaped by social and demographic factors remains unclear. We addressed this question by focusing on gesture type morphology and conducted a fined-grained analysis of gestural form during intraspecific social-play interactions in two captive groups of Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). We focused on the most frequent gesture types (beat chest, slap body, slap ground and touch body) produced by subadults (infants, juveniles and adolescents). We considered twelve morphological gesture characteristics (e.g., horizontal and vertical hand trajectories, fingers flexion and spread). Our multifactorial investigation shows that morphological characteristics of distinct gesture types can be shaped by social factors, namely signaller’s sociodemographic characteristics (group and kinship), signaller’s behavioural characteristics (body posture) and context-related characteristics (recipient’s sex, attentional state and position in the signaller’s visual field). We nurtured the lively debate concerning gesture origins by revealing the existence of “accents” in non-verbal communication and the highly variable adjustment of gestural form to different conspecifics and interactional characteristics, which supports the revised social negotiation hypothesis.
Sustainable pretreatment method of lignocellulosic depolymerization for enhanced ruminant productivity using laccase protein immobilized agarose beads
Authors: Pradeep Kumar Vidya , Sridhar Manpal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLaccase, the selectively lignin degrader, vital to the initiation of lignocellulosic deconstruction was immobilized onto activated agarose beads to increase its reuse potential. Laccase cross-linked beads (~ 3.42 mm) recorded a specific activity of 23 Umg− 1, retaining about 80.43% enzyme activity after 45 days of storage. The immobilization yield and efficiency were 89% and 97% respectively. The equilibrium data fitted the Freundlich equation (R2 = 0.9987) demonstrating multilayer adsorption and the presence of Cu, Fe, and S in the elemental analysis of immobilized beads established effective binding between activated agarose beads and the laccase protein. Characterization studies of the immobilized laccase-treated crop residues revealed significant differences in the lignin polymer after each treatment cycle. An increase in digestibility of 26.21% and 7.62% was observed in paddy and finger millet-treated straws respectively, over the controls corroborating efficient lignin depolymerization. The propitious performance of laccase beads authenticated in the batch enzymatic reactor to treat crop residues paves headway as a sustainable green technology in the deconstruction of crop residues for use as ruminant feed, augmenting productivity.
Preoperative echocardiography and anesthetic drugs as predictors of post-induction hypotension during general anesthesia: a prospective observational study
Authors: Son Kyongsuk , Tarao Kentaroh , Daimon Masao , Yoshii Tomoaki , Nakagomi Atsushi , Hasegawa-Moriyama Maiko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPost-induction hypotension (PIH) during general anesthesia is a serious concern due to its high incidence and association with adverse postoperative outcomes and prognosis. We prospectively enrolled consecutive 1,603 patients scheduled for non-cardiac and cardiac surgery under general anesthesia. The primary outcome was defined as the lowest mean blood pressure from induction of general anesthesia to the start of surgery: post-induction blood pressure (PIB). Multivariable regression analysis was used to investigate the relationships between PIB and preoperative echocardiographic measurements, types and doses of anesthetic agents, and preoperative comorbidities and oral medication. Left ventricle regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly associated lower PIB. Factors significantly associated with higher PIB were high BMI, beta blockers, high pre-induction mean blood pressure, and starting induction in the afternoon. Sevoflurane and prophylactic norepinephrine use were associated with higher PIB as anesthetic interventions. Significant interactions were found between sevoflurane and RWMA (P for interaction: 0.01). This is the first study to demonstrate the feasibility of intervening in the selection of anesthetic agents based on echocardiographic findings and to recommend the use of sevoflurane and prophylactic norepinephrine for the prevention of PIH, especially in patients with RWMA.
Circulating amino acid signature features urea cycle alterations associated with coronary artery disease
Authors: Prechtl Luisa , Carrard Justin , Gallart-Ayala Hector , Borreggine Rébecca , Teav Tony , Königstein Karsten , Wagner Jonathan , Knaier Raphael , Infanger Denis , Streese Lukas , Hinrichs Timo , Hanssen Henner , Ivanisevic Julijana , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of death worldwide and imposes a substantial socioeconomic burden on healthcare. Improving risk stratification in clinical practice could help to combat this burden. As amino acids are biologically active metabolites whose involvement in CAD remains largely unknown, this study investigated associations between circulating amino acid levels and CAD phenotypes. A high-coverage quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach was applied to acquire the serum amino acids profile of age- and sex-coarsened-matched patients with CAD (n = 46, 66.9 years, 74.7% male) and healthy individuals (n = 120, 67.4 years, 74.7% male) from the COmPLETE study. Multiple linear regressions were performed to investigate associations between amino acid levels and (a) the health status (CAD vs. healthy), (b) the number of affected coronary arteries, or (c) the left ventricular ejection fraction. Regressions were adjusted for age, sex, daily physical activity, sampling, and fasting time. Urea cycle amino acids (ornithine, citrulline, homocitrulline, aspartate, and arginine) were significantly and negatively associated with CAD, the number of affected coronary arteries, and the left ventricular ejection fraction. Lysine, histidine, and the glutamine/glutamate ratio were also significantly and negatively associated with the CAD phenotypes. Overall, patients with CAD displayed lower levels of urea cycle amino acids, highlighting a potential role for urea cycle amino acid profiling in cardiovascular risk stratification.Trial registrationThe study was registered on https://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03986892) on June 5, 2019.
Preparation and characterization of a new Gd2O3-epoxy composite for neutron shielding applications
Authors: Safavi Seyed Mohammadreza , Outokesh Mohammad , Vosoughi Naser , Yahyazadeh Amin , Mohammadi Aghil , Kiani Mohammad Amin , Jabalamelian Seyed Sajad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current study aims to introduce a new polymeric composite consisting of epoxy resin as the matrix and gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) as the neutron adsorption ingredient. The shielding performance of the composite was assessed by neutron attenuation experiments with an Am-Be source and polyethylene moderator. The results of these experiments showed an appreciable agreement with the Monte Carlo simulations. Other characteristics of the composite, including mechanical strength, thermal stability, microtexture, and its chemical compositions, were examined using standard tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, static light scattering analyses, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicated that the new composites offer appreciable neutron absorption properties so that samples with 0.5%, 2%, 5%, and 10% Gd2O3 content could reduce the neutron beam intensity by 54%, 63%, 66%, and 70% at a thickness of 4 cm.