bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental Times of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at Constant Temperatures and Applications in Forensic Entomology
Authors: Yang Yong‐qiang , Li Xue‐bo , Shao Ru‐yue , Lyu Zhou , Li Hong‐wei , Li Gen‐ping , Xu Lyu‐zi , Wan Li‐hua 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe characteristic life stages of infesting blowflies (Calliphoridae) such as Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) are powerful evidence for estimating the death time of a corpse, but an established reference of developmental times for local blowfly species is required. We determined the developmental rates of C. megacephala from southwest China at seven constant temperatures (16–34°C). Isomegalen and isomorphen diagrams were constructed based on the larval length and time for each developmental event (first ecdysis, second ecdysis, wandering, pupariation, and eclosion), at each temperature. A thermal summation model was constructed by estimating the developmental threshold temperature D0 and the thermal summation constant K. The thermal summation model indicated that, for complete development from egg hatching to eclosion, D0 = 9.07 ± 0.54°C and K = 3991.07 ± 187.26 h °C. This reference can increase the accuracy of estimations of postmortem intervals in China by predicting the growth of C. megacephala.
Synthesis of Common Management Concerns Associated with Dam Removal
Authors: Tullos Desirée D. , Collins Mathias J. , Bellmore J. Ryan , Bountry Jennifer A. , Connolly Patrick J. , Shafroth Patrick B. , Wilcox Andrew C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractManagers make decisions regarding if and how to remove dams in spite of uncertainty surrounding physical and ecological responses, and stakeholders often raise concerns about certain negative effects, regardless of whether these concerns are warranted at a particular site. We used a dam‐removal science database supplemented with other information sources to explore seven frequently raised concerns, herein Common Management Concerns (CMCs). We investigate the occurrence of these concerns and the contributing biophysical controls. The CMCs addressed are the following: degree and rate of reservoir sediment erosion, excessive channel incision upstream of reservoirs, downstream sediment aggradation, elevated downstream turbidity, drawdown impacts on local water infrastructure, colonization of reservoir sediments by nonnative plants, and expansion of invasive fish. Biophysical controls emerged for some of the concerns, providing managers with information to assess whether a given concern is likely to occur at a site. To fully assess CMC risk, managers should concurrently evaluate site conditions and identify the ecosystem or human uses that will be negatively affected if the biophysical phenomenon producing the CMC occurs. We show how many CMCs have one or more controls in common, facilitating the identification of multiple risks at a site, and demonstrate why CMC risks should be considered in the context of other factors such as natural watershed variability and disturbance history.
Evaluating Flow Diversion Impacts to Groundwater‐Dependent Riparian Vegetation with Flow Alteration and Groundwater Model Analysis
Authors: Hathaway Deborah L. , Barth Gilbert , Kirsch Katie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn approach for assessing the potential ecologic response of groundwater‐dependent riparian vegetation to flow alteration is developed, focusing on change to groundwater. Groundwater requirements for riparian vegetation are reviewed in conjunction with flow alteration statistics. Where flow alteration coincides with groundwater‐related vegetation sensitivities, scenarios are developed for groundwater simulation. Groundwater depths and recession rates in the riparian zone are simulated for baseline and altered stream hydrographs, with changes to river stage and width represented with a transient, flow‐dependent boundary condition. Potential flow diversion from the Upper Gila River in New Mexico is examined. Statistical flow alteration analysis, applying prospective diversions to a 76‐year record of daily flow, shows that flows in the winter‐spring months and within the high‐pulse to small flood range are subject to greatest potential change. Groundwater simulation scenarios are developed for these flow conditions in representative dry, near‐average, and wet years. Differences in groundwater elevations, generally less than 0.25 m during the flow alteration period, dissipate rapidly following cessation of diversion. Relating groundwater depth, recession rates and range of fluctuations to riparian vegetation needs, we find adverse ecological response is not expected from groundwater impacts for the flow alteration examined.
Industrial Policy in Response to the Middle‐income Trap and the Third Wave of the Digital Revolution
Authors: Wade Robert H 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe ‘middle‐income trap’ (MIT) is ‘real enough’ for policy makers in developing countries to take it as a serious threat to prospects for achieving ‘high’ average income. Those prospects are further clouded by the major changes occurring as the digital revolution moves from connecting people to the internet to connecting the internet to everything else, across many sectors of human life (the Third Wave). Both sets of forces raise the potential advantages of pro‐active industrial policy. Yet mainstream economic thinking – and the consensus of international development organizations like the World Bank – has long tended to disapprove of it, in the spirit of ‘The best industrial policy is none at all’. In light of the middle‐income trap, the Third Wave, and other conditions in the world economy, this essay discusses some of the big issues in the design of industrial policy, on the theme of how to do it well rather than how to do it less.
Combining Varenicline (Chantix) with Naltrexone Decreases Alcohol Drinking More Effectively Than Does Either Drug Alone in a Rodent Model of Alcoholism
Authors: Froehlich Janice C. , Fischer Stephen M. , Dilley Julian E. , Nicholson Emily R. , Smith Teal N. , Filosa Nick J. , Rademacher Logan C. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundThis study examined whether varenicline (VAR), or naltrexone (NTX), alone or in combination, reduces alcohol drinking in alcohol‐preferring (P) rats with a genetic predisposition toward high voluntary alcohol intake.MethodsAlcohol‐experienced P rats that had been drinking alcohol (15% v/v) for 2 h/d for 4 weeks were fed either vehicle (VEH), VAR alone (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg body weight [BW]), NTX alone (10.0, 15.0, or 20.0 mg/kg BW), or VAR + NTX in 1 of 4 dose combinations (0.5 VAR + 10.0 NTX, 0.5 VAR + 15.0 NTX, 1.0 VAR + 10.0 NTX, or 1.0 VAR + 15.0 NTX) at 1 hour prior to alcohol access for 10 consecutive days, and the effects on alcohol intake were assessed.ResultsWhen administered alone, VAR in doses of 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg BW did not alter alcohol intake but a dose of 2.0 mg/kg BW decreased alcohol intake. This effect disappeared when drug treatment was terminated. NTX in doses of 10.0 and 15.0 mg/kg BW did not alter alcohol intake but a dose of 20.0 mg/kg BW decreased alcohol intake. Combining low doses of VAR and NTX into a single medication reduced alcohol intake as well as did high doses of each drug alone. Reduced alcohol intake occurred immediately after onset of treatment with the combined medication and continued throughout prolonged treatment.ConclusionsLow doses of VAR and NTX, when combined in a single medication, reduce alcohol intake in a rodent model of alcoholism. This approach has the advantage of reducing potential side effects associated with each drug. Lowering the dose of NTX and VAR in a combined treatment approach that maintains efficacy while reducing the incidence of negative side effects may increase patient compliance and improve clinical outcomes for alcoholics and heavy drinkers who want to reduce their alcohol intake.
Creatine Supplementation Does Not Prevent the Development of Alcoholic Steatosis
Authors: Ganesan Murali , Feng Dan , Barton Ryan W. , Thomes Paul G. , McVicker Benita L. , Tuma Dean J. , Osna Natalia A. , Kharbanda Kusum K. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAlcohol‐induced reduction in the hepatocellular S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM):S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) ratio impairs the activities of many SAM‐dependent methyltransferases. These impairments ultimately lead to the generation of several hallmark features of alcoholic liver injury including steatosis. Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) is an important enzyme that catalyzes the final reaction in the creatine biosynthetic process. The liver is a major site for creatine synthesis which places a substantial methylation burden on this organ as GAMT‐mediated reactions consume as much as 40% of all the SAM‐derived methyl groups. We hypothesized that dietary creatine supplementation could potentially spare SAM, preserve the hepatocellular SAM:SAH ratio, and thereby prevent the development of alcoholic steatosis and other consequences of impaired methylation reactions.MethodsFor these studies, male Wistar rats were pair‐fed the Lieber‐DeCarli control or ethanol (EtOH) diet with or without 1% creatine supplementation. At the end of 4 to 5 weeks of feeding, relevant biochemical and histological analyses were performed.ResultsWe observed that creatine supplementation neither prevented alcoholic steatosis nor attenuated the alcohol‐induced impairments in proteasome activity. The lower hepatocellular SAM:SAH ratio seen in the EtOH‐fed rats was also not normalized or SAM levels spared when these rats were fed the creatine‐supplemented EtOH diet. However, a >10‐fold increased level of creatine was observed in the liver, serum, and hearts of rats fed the creatine‐supplemented diets.ConclusionsOverall, dietary creatine supplementation did not prevent alcoholic liver injury despite its known efficacy in preventing high‐fat‐diet‐induced steatosis. Betaine, a promethylating agent that maintains the hepatocellular SAM:SAH, still remains our best option for treating alcoholic steatosis.
Challenging the definition of the subfamily Usiinae: Phthiraxini, an unusual new tribe of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae), based on Phthiraxia bowdeni gen. and sp. nov. from Western Australia
Authors: Li Xuankun , Yeates David K 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA new genus Phthiraxia gen. nov. (Usiinae: Phthiriini) is described from a remote region of Western Australia based on a male and a female specimen collected 35 years ago. The pair represent a single new species Phthiraxia bowdeni sp. nov. Two important characteristics of this new genus, however, challenge the definition of the subfamily Usiinae: the clypeus does not reach the base of antennae, and the palp is two‐segmented. Moreover, Phthiraxia gen. nov. has two other features: the wing vein M2 present, shared by all members of Phthiriini, and flagellum with subapical shallow sulcus containing a style, differentiating it from Phthiriini with a deep apical sulcus, and Usiini with a deep subapical sulcus. Results of a morphological phylogenetic analysis show that the new genus belongs to a lineage that is sister to the remaining members of the subfamily. Therefore, a monotypic new tribe, Phthiraxini tribus nov., is described to accommodate Phthiraxia gen. nov. A key to the Australian genera of Usiinae is provided. We reevaluate the syapomorphies of the Usiinae in light of the new tribe.
National cross‐sectional study of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs use highlights differences between parents and professionals and prompts safety concerns
Authors: Bertille Nathalie , Pons Gérard , Fournier‐Charrière Elisabeth , Khoshnood Babak , Chalumeau Martin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimControversy surrounding the safety of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provides an opportunity to study parents’ and healthcare professionals’ differential use of over‐the‐counter drugs.MethodsIn this national cross‐sectional study, general practitioners, paediatricians and pharmacists were asked to include up to five consecutive febrile paediatric patients aged 1 month to 12 years. Parents and healthcare professionals completed questionnaires about the current fever episode. We studied the differential use of NSAIDs by parents and healthcare professionals notably in three clinical conditions with various estimated risk of NSAIDs complications: varicella, gastroenteritis and pharyngitis.ResultsThe 1534 healthcare professionals prescribed 15% of the 6596 children with an NSAID, but 32% of the parents gave their child an NSAID. Generally, NSAID use was associated with older children, higher temperatures, pain due to otitis and the absence of a rash or gastroenteritis. The differential use of NSAIDs by parents and professionals was greater in conditions with high than low estimated risks of NSAID complications, with odds ratios ranging from to 9.0 to 2.9, respectively.ConclusionThe differential use of NSAIDs by healthcare professionals and parents for clinical conditions with potential risks should prompt discussions about the safety of their over‐the‐counter status.
Dietary carbohydrate intake, insulin resistance and gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease: a pilot study in European‐ and African‐American obese women
Authors: Pointer S. D. , Rickstrew J. , Slaughter J. C. , Vaezi M. F. , Silver H. J. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBackgroundAlthough obesity rates are higher in African‐American than European‐American women, gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its comorbidities are more prevalent in European‐American women. A common denominator for increased adiposity, and consequent insulin resistance, is excess dietary macronutrient intake – which may promote greater prevalence and severity of GERD in women.AimTo investigate whether GERD is more robustly associated with dietary carbohydrate intake, particularly dietary simple carbohydrate intake, and insulin resistance in European‐American women.MethodsAbout 144 obese women were assessed at baseline and 16 weeks after consuming a high‐fat/low‐carbohydrate diet. GERD diagnosis and medication usage was confirmed in medical records with symptoms and medications assessed weekly.ResultsAbout 33.3% (N = 33) of European‐American and 20.0% (N = 9) of African‐American women had GERD at baseline. Total carbohydrate (r = 0.34, P < 0.001), sugars (r = 0.30, P = 0.005), glycaemic load (r = 0.34, P = 0.001) and HOMAIR (r = 0.30, P = 0.004) were associated with GERD, but only in European‐American women. In response to high‐fat/low‐carbohydrate diet, reduced intake of sugars was associated with reduced insulin resistance. By the end of diet week 10, all GERD symptoms and medication usage had resolved in all women.ConclusionsGERD symptoms and medication usage was more prevalent in European‐American women, for whom the relationships between dietary carbohydrate intake, insulin resistance and GERD were most significant. Nevertheless, high‐fat/low‐carbohydrate diet benefited all women with regard to reducing GERD symptoms and frequency of medication use.
False Self‐Employment, Autonomy and Regulating for Decent Work: Improving Working Conditions in the UK Stripping Industry
Authors: Cruz Katie , Hardy Kate , Sanders Teela 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA large‐scale study of working conditions in UK‐based strip dancing clubs reveals that dancers are against de facto self‐employment as it is defined and practised by management, but in favour of de jure self‐employment that ensures sufficient levels of autonomy and control in the workplace. While dancers could potentially seek ‘worker’ or ‘employee’ status within the existing legal framework, their strong identification with the label ‘self‐employed’ and their desire for autonomy will likely inhibit these labour rights claims. We propose an alternative avenue for improving dancers’ working conditions, whereby self‐employed dancers articulate their grievances as a demand for decent work, pursued through licensing agreements between clubs and local authorities and facilitated by collective organization.
FGFR gene alterations in lung squamous cell carcinoma are potential targets for the multikinase inhibitor nintedanib
Authors: Hibi Masaaki , Kaneda Hiroyasu , Tanizaki Junko , Sakai Kazuko , Togashi Yosuke , Terashima Masato , De Velasco Marco Antonio , Fujita Yoshihiko , Banno Eri , Nakamura Yu , Takeda Masayuki , Ito Akihiko , Mitsudomi Tetsuya , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Okamoto Isamu , Nishio Kazuto 
Published: September 2016

Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene alterations are relatively frequent in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and are a potential targets for therapy with FGFR inhibitors. However, little is known regarding the clinicopathologic features associated with FGFR alterations. The angiokinase inhibitor nintedanib has shown promising activity in clinical trials for non‐small cell lung cancer. We have now applied next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to characterize FGFR alterations in LSCC patients as well as examined the antitumor activity of nintedanib in LSCC cell lines positive for FGFR1 copy number gain (CNG). The effects of nintedanib on the proliferation of and FGFR signaling in LSCC cell lines were examined in vitro, and its effects on tumor formation were examined in vivo. A total of 75 clinical LSCC specimens were screened for FGFR alterations by NGS. Nintedanib inhibited the proliferation of FGFR1 CNG‐positive LSCC cell lines in association with attenuation of the FGFR1–ERK signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. FGFR1 CNG (10.7%), FGFR1 mutation (2.7%), FGFR2 mutation (2.7%), FGFR4 mutation (5.3%), and FGFR3 fusion (1.3%) were detected in LSCC specimens by NGS. Clinicopathologic features did not differ between LSCC patients positive or negative for FGFR alterations. However, among the 36 patients with disease recurrence after surgery, prognosis was significantly worse for those harboring FGFR alterations. Screening for FGFR alterations by NGS warrants further study as a means to identify patients with LSCC recurrence after surgery who might benefit from nintedanib therapy.
Is TSH necessary for initial assessment of thyroid nodules?
Authors: Cai Haidong , Qiao Yu , Xi Hao , Luo Qiong , Yuan Xueyu , Yang Yuehua , Lv Zhongwei 
Published: September 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe use of thyrotropin (TSH) in the initial assessment of thyroid nodules is inefficient and leads to unnecessary assessment costs. We compared the total costs of thyroid nodule assessment with or without the use of TSH in the initial assessment.MethodsA total of 1808 patients with thyroid nodules received TSH, fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and thyroid scintigraphy (TS) assessment, including 83 autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN) cases and 1725 non‐AFTN cases. The total costs of the TSH strategy and non‐TSH strategies were compared. The ratio of single‐use costs of FNA to TS (CFNA/TS) was used as the main outcome measure.ResultsOnly when 6·03 ≤ CFNA/TS ≤ 27·17, the lowest total costs were associated with using the conventional TSH strategy. When CFNA/TS <6·03 or CFNA/TS >27·17, the lowest costs were found with FNA and TS, respectively.ConclusionFrom the perspective of cost economics, in iodine‐sufficient areas, we recommend that the decision on the use of TSH for the initial assessment of thyroid nodules should be based on the testing costs of FNA and TS in that medical unit.
What do social workers and children do when they are together? A typology of direct work
Authors: Whincup Helen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThere is renewed interest in the place of direct work and relationship‐based practice in social work. This paper explores the day‐to‐day direct work that happens where children and young people are ‘looked after’ at home, from the perspectives of children, social workers and those supervising practice. It is based on interviews with eight children and 25 professionals about their experiences. In this paper, I highlight that despite barriers, direct work, which is characterized as meaningful by children and professionals, happens and that the relationships formed between children and social workers are an important precursor to and an outcome of direct work. The research was undertaken in Scotland, and although the legislation, policy and guidance differ from other jurisdictions, the messages about direct work are relevant for practice in other countries.
The effect of experimental osteoporosis on bone regeneration: part 2, proteomics results
Authors: Calciolari E. , Mardas N. , Dereka X. , Anagnostopoulos A. K. , Tsangaris G. T. , Donos N. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo identify and describe protein expression in a Wistar rat calvarial critical size defect (CSD) model following treatment with guided bone regeneration in healthy and osteoporotic conditions.Material and methodsThirty‐six 10‐month‐old female Wistar rats were used. Half of them were ovariectomized (OVX) and fed with a low‐calcium diet to induce an osteoporotic‐like status. In each animal of both groups, two 5‐mm calvarial CSDs were treated with deproteinized bovine bone mineral graft particles and a bilayer collagen membrane. Six OVX and six control rats were randomly euthanized at 7, 14, and 30 days. One defect/animal was randomly chosen for proteomic analysis. Differently expressed proteins between the two groups were identified with matrix‐assisted laser desorption time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry.ResultsAt 7 days, 29 and 27 proteins were, respectively, identified in the healthy and OVX animals. At 14 days, 103 proteins were detected in the healthy controls and 20 proteins in the OVX rats, while at 30 days, 31 and 75 proteins were identified, respectively. Only limited proteins known to play a role in the later stages of bone formation and maturation were identified within the animals ‘proteomes.DiscussionThe osseous formation process was quite immature even at 30 days of healing. An overexpression of inflammatory and stress response pathways was detected in the OVX animals, as well as a tendency toward a delayed maturation of the osseous wound and a reduced/delayed differentiation of osteoblast cell precursors.
Recanalized umbilico‐caval anastomosis as a temporary portosystemic shunt in pediatric living donor liver transplantation: the crossed fingers method
Authors: Urahashi Taizen , Ihara Yoshiyuki , Sanada Yukihiro , Okada Noriki , Yamada Naoya , Hirata Yuta , Katano Takumi , Mizuta Koichi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA temporary portocaval shunt (TPCS) associated with retrohepatic vena cava preservation prevents the edema caused by splanchnic congestion during liver transplantation (LT), especially for non‐cirrhotic cases. We herein report a modified TPCS technique using the recanalized umbilical vein and an end‐to‐side recanalized umbilico‐caval anastomosis for use during pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). This work evaluated a group of pediatric patients who underwent LDLT between 2001 and 2014 with the conventional TPCS (n=16) vs the recanalized umbilico‐caval shunt (the crossed fingers method, n=10). The crossed fingers method was performed by suturing an end‐to‐side anastomosis of the patent or recanalized umbilical vein to the vena cava using a continuous monofilament suture like “crossing the fingers,” that is, placing the left portal vein across the portal vein trunk next to it. The preoperative, surgical, and postoperative characteristics were similar in both groups except for the significantly shorter portal vein clamping time for the crossed fingers method. This method can allow the portal circulation to be totally decompressed before and after implanting the graft and while maintaining the hemodynamic stability throughout all stages of pediatric LDLT.