bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Amidinourea and Triazine Congeners as Inhibitors of MDA‐MB‐231 Human Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation
Authors: Bass Rosemary , Jenkinson Sarah , Wright Jennifer , Smulders‐Srinivasan Tora , Marshall Jamie C. , Castagnolo Daniele 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA series of novel amidinourea derivatives was synthesized, and the compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cell proliferation. In addition, a second series of triazine derivatives designed as rigid congeners of the amidinoureas was synthesized, and the compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity. Among the two series, amidinourea 3 d (N‐[N‐[8‐[[N‐(morpholine‐4‐carbonyl)carbamimidoyl]amino]octyl]carbamimidoyl]morpholine‐4‐carboxamide) emerged as a potent anticancer hit compound with an IC50 value of 0.76 μm, similar to that of tamoxifen.
Development of cone photoreceptors and their synapses in the human and monkey fovea
Authors: Hendrickson Anita , Zhang Chi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDuring retinal development, ribbon synapse assembly in the photoreceptors is a crucial step involving numerous molecules. While the developmental sequence of plexiform layers in human retina has been characterized, the molecular steps of synaptogenesis remain largely unknown. In the present study, we focused on the central rod‐free region of primate retina, the fovea, to specifically investigate the development of cone photoreceptor ribbon synapses. Immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy were utilized to track the expression of photoreceptor transduction proteins and ribbon and synaptic markers in fetal human and Macaca retina. Although the inner plexiform layer appears earlier than the outer plexiform layer, synaptic proteins, and ribbons are first reliably recognized in cone pedicles. Markers first appear at fetal week 9. Both short (S) and medium/long (M/L) wavelength‐selective cones express synaptic markers in the same temporal sequence; this is independent of opsin expression which takes place in S cones a month before M/L cones. The majority of ribbon markers, presynaptic vesicular release and postsynaptic neurotransduction‐related machinery is present in both plexiform layers by fetal week 13. By contrast, two crucial components for cone to bipolar cell glutamatergic transmission, the metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 and voltage‐dependent calcium channel α1.4, are not detected until fetal week 22 when bipolar cell invagination is present in the cone pedicle. These results suggest an intrinsically programmed but nonsynchronous expression of molecules in cone synaptic development. Moreover, functional ribbon synapses and active neurotransmission at foveal cone pedicles are possibly present as early as mid‐gestation in human retina.
A thematic content analysis of #cheatmeal images on social media: Characterizing an emerging dietary trend
Authors: Pila Eva , Mond Jonathan M. , Griffiths Scott , Mitchison Deborah , Murray Stuart B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDespite the pervasive social endorsement of “cheat meals” within pro‐muscularity online communities, there is an absence of empirical work examining this dietary phenomenon. The present study aimed to characterize cheat meals, and explore the meaning ascribed to engagement in this practice. Thematic content analysis was employed to code the photographic and textual elements of a sample (n = 600) that was extracted from over 1.6 million images marked with the #cheatmeal tag on the social networking site, Instagram. Analysis of the volume and type of food revealed the presence of very large quantities (54.5%) of calorie‐dense foods (71.3%) that was rated to qualify as an objective binge episode. Photographic content of people commonly portrayed highly‐muscular bodies (60.7%) in the act of intentional body exposure (40.0%). Meanwhile, textual content exemplified the idealization of overconsumption, a strict commitment to fitness, and a reward‐based framework around diet and fitness. Collectively, these findings position cheat meals as goal‐oriented dietary practices in the pursuit of physique‐ideals, thus underscoring the potential clinical repercussions of this socially‐endorsed dietary phenomenon.
The interactive effects of press/pulse intensity and duration on regime shifts at multiple scales
Authors: Ratajczak Zak , D'Odorico Paolo , Collins Scott L. , Bestelmeyer Brandon T. , Isbell Forest I. , Nippert Jesse B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRegime shifts are difficult‐to‐reverse transitions that occur when an ecosystem reorganizes around a new set of self‐reinforcing feedbacks. Regime shifts are predicted to occur when the intensity of some exogenous driver variable, such as temperature, annual harvest rate, or nutrient addition rate, gradually approaches and crosses a threshold value, initiating a transition to an alternative state. However, many driver variables now change rapidly as presses or pulses, not gradually, requiring new conceptual frameworks for understanding and predicting regime shifts. We argue that identifying and controlling regime shifts in response to presses and pulses will require a greater focus on the duration, not just the intensity, of changes in driver variables. In ecosystems with slower dynamics, transitions to an alternative state can take years to decades and as a result, a driver press with an intensity capable of resulting in a regime shift over long time spans may fail to cause a regime shift when applied for shorter durations. We illustrate these ideas using simulations of local‐scale alternative stable state models and preliminary evidence from long‐term grazing and eutrophication experiments. The simulations also suggest that small changes in the duration of driver presses or pulses can determine whether an ecosystem recovers to its original state. These insights may extend to larger scales. In spatially extended simulations that included patchiness, spatial heterogeneity, and spatial connectivity, all patches recovered to their original state after shorter presses. However, once press duration exceeded a threshold, growing proportions of the landscape shifted to an alternative state as press duration increased. We observed similar patchy transitions in a catchment‐scale experiment that reinstated frequent fires approximately halfway through a regime shift from grassland to shrubland, initiated by fire suppression. In both the local‐ and larger‐scale models, the threshold duration needed to elicit regime shifts decreased as press intensity increased or when factors counteracting regime shifts weakened. These multiple lines of evidence suggest that conceptualizing regime shifts as an interactive function of the intensity and duration of driver changes will increase understanding of the varying effects of driver presses, pulses, and cycles on ecosystem dynamics.
Optimal defense theory explains deviations from latitudinal herbivory defense hypothesis
Authors: Kooyers Nicholas J. , Blackman Benjamin K. , Holeski Liza M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe latitudinal herbivory defense hypothesis (LHDH) postulates that the prevalence of species interactions, including herbivory, is greater at lower latitudes, leading to selection for increased levels of plant defense. While latitudinal defense clines may be caused by spatial variation in herbivore pressure, optimal defense theory predicts that clines could also be caused by ecogeographic variation in the cost of defense. For instance, allocation of resources to defense may not increase plant fitness when growing seasons are short and plants must reproduce quickly. Here we use a common garden experiment to survey genetic variation for constitutive and induced phenylpropanoid glycoside (PPG) concentrations across 35 Mimulus guttatus populations over a ~13° latitudinal transect. Our sampling regime is unique among studies of the LHDH in that it allows us to disentangle the effects of growing season length from those of latitude, temperature, and elevation. For five of the seven PPGs surveyed, we find associations between latitude and plant defense that are robust to population structure. However, contrary to the LHDH, only two PPGs were found at higher levels in low latitude populations, and total PPG concentrations were higher at higher latitudes. PPG levels are strongly correlated with growing season length, with higher levels of PPGs in plants from areas with longer growing seasons. Further, flowering time is positively correlated with the concentration of nearly all PPGs, suggesting that there may be a strong trade‐off between development time and defense production. Our results reveal that ecogeographic patterns in plant defense may reflect variation in the cost of producing defense compounds in addition to variation in herbivore pressure. Thus, the biogeographic pattern predicted by the LHDH may not be accurate because the underlying factors driving variation in defense, in this case, growing season length, are not always associated with latitude in the same manner. Given these results, we conclude that LHDH cannot be interpreted without considering life history, and we recommend that future work on the LHDH move beyond solely testing the core LHDH prediction and place greater emphasis on isolating agents of selection that generate spatial variation in defense and herbivore pressure.
Cultural adaptation of cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) for Chinese people with dementia: multicentre pilot study
Authors: Wong Gloria H. Y. , Yek Olive P. L. , Zhang Anna Y. , Lum Terry Y. S. , Spector Aimee 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveAgeing of the Chinese population will drive a continued surge in dementia prevalence. Empirically tested non‐pharmacological interventions developed in western cultures may be implemented in Chinese. Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) that originated in the UK has proven benefits on cognition and quality of life in people with dementia. We investigated the feasibility and cultural appropriateness of CST in Hong Kong Chinese (CST‐HK).MethodsMixed methods research was conducted following the formative method for adapting psychotherapy. A culturally adapted CST‐HK, developed involving multidisciplinary stakeholders, was tested in a pilot multicentre study in people with mild dementia (n = 30) receiving community or residential care. Changes in cognition and quality of life were measured. Opinions from family caregivers and group facilitators (n = 25) were collected through focus groups and in‐depth interviews for understanding the appropriateness of CST‐HK. Feasibility was explored.ResultsAfter receiving CST‐HK, 54% of participants achieved outcome of no cognitive deterioration, and 23% showed clinically meaningful improvement. Family caregivers and group facilitators expressed good acceptance of CST, with a low attrition (13%) and high attendance rate of CST‐HK sessions (92%). Key cultural issues identified are (i) less active opinion sharing in group discussions due to conservatism/cautiousness and (ii) preference of practical activities with reward/recognition over pure discussion due to pragmatism.ConclusionsThe CST‐HK is feasible and culturally appropriate in Hong Kong Chinese. Further amendments can be made to ensure language use and enjoyment, with potential implications on effectiveness. We have provided a systematically developed, culturally adapted protocol for larger‐scale implementation and research in Chinese populations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prophylactic Antibiotic in Elective Gynaecological and Obstetrical Major Surgery
Authors: Sengupta Bijoy Sree , Wynter Hugh Hastings , Hall J. ST. Elmo , Ramchander R. , Alexis A. , Zamah N. , Gajraj Kamel 
Published: January 2017

Sengupta, Bijoy Sree, Hastings Wynter, Hugh, Elmo Hall, J. St., Ramchander, R., Alexis, A., Zamah, Z. and Gajraj, K. (Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Dept. of Microbiology, University Hospital of the West Indies, Jamaica). Prophylactic antibiotic in elective gynaecological and obstetrical major surgery.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 417–424, 1976.A prospective controlled study of 580 patients who underwent non‐radical major gynaecological or obstetrical surgery examined the use of prophylactic antibiotics. The test group of patients (290) showed a significantly lower (P=0.01) incidence of the total complications and the non‐infective complication rate as against those among controls (290). The duration of hospitalisation was significantly reduced for both vaginal and abdominal surgery in the test group of patients as against those in the controls. There was no evidence of increased incidence of bacterial resistance or superinfection. The authors recommend the use of prophylactic antibiotic on a short term basis (for a total duration of 4 days), commencing preoperatively to achieve a significant reduction in the infective postoperative morbidity and a shorter stay by the patients.
The Effect of Miconazole on Vulvo‐Vaginal Candidosis in Pregnant and Non‐pregnant Women and their Partners
Authors: Brundin Jan 
Published: January 2017

Brundin, J. (Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd's Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden). The effect of Miconazole on vulvo‐vaginal candidosis in pregnant and non‐pregnant women and their partners.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 537–540, 1976.Miconazole cream1 (Daktar vaginal cream 2%, Leo) given for 12–14 days was tested in 85 subjects with positive vaginal Candida culture. Eighty percent of the patients were pregnant. Healing was observed in 93% of the cases. Treatment of the sexual partner did not influence the therapeutic effect.
Naphthylamidase Isoenzymes in Serum during Treatment with Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Beckman G. , Beckman L. , Helgason S. , Von Schoultz B. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAlterations in serum naphthylamidase isoenzymes were studied in a series of 95 women treated with oral contraceptives. Women taking progestin pills showed no reaction, while the majority of women using combined oral contraceptives showed an extra serum naphthylamidase zone after one month. The frequency of women showing “the naphthylamidase reaction” increased with the estrogen dose. The results indicate that the naphthylamidase reaction may be developed into a sensitive test for early disturbances in liver metabolism during treatment with oral contraceptives.
Pre‐ovulatory and Post‐ovulatory Overripeness
Authors: Butcher Roy L. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTExperimental work using animal models suggests that alterations of the oocyte during either a delay of ovulation or a delay of fertilization could account for a major percentage of human birth defects. The mechanism by which detrimental changes in the oocyte occur during these delays is not known. Hormonal modifications just prior to ovulation could initiate biochemical processes in the oocyte which proceed to an abnormal sequence of events when ovulation or fertilization does not take place at the optimum time. Alternately, the oocyte may be programmed earlier in its growth phase and undergo degenerative changes if ovulation or fertilization does not occur at the programmed times. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in both pre‐ovulatory and post‐ovulatory overripeness of the oocyte could ultimately lead to a reduction in the incidence of human developmental anomalies.
Hemodynamic Effects Of Oral Contraceptives During Exercise
Authors: Lehtovirta Pentti , Kuikka Jyrki , Pyörälä Tapani 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe effects of a combined oral contraceptive pill on female hemodynamics during exercise were studied in 14 young, healthy women. The increase in blood volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output during exercise was significantly greater during combined oral contraceptive therapy than when the patients were not taking the pill. The use of combined oral contraceptive pills may be advantageous to the physical fitness of female athletes.
The Relationship Between Congenital Defects and the Use of Exogenous Progestational “Contraceptive” Hormones During Pregnancy: A 20‐Year Review
Authors: Keith Louis , Berger Gary S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis review of 20 years of medical literature on the occurrence of congenital defects among offspring of women who ingested “progestational” or contraceptive hormones during pregnancy emphasizes the need for additional studies with carefully selected control groups. Other problems encountered in interpreting the existing literature, including the use of imprecise definitions, confusing nomenclature and inadequate clinical information, are also discussed.
Liver Tumors and Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Kent Deryck R. , Nissen Edward D. , Nissen Steven E. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTData on 78 cases of benign hepatic neoplasia among women with a history of oral contraceptive (OC) use are analyzed. Data for the study were collected by the Liver Tumor Registry of the University of California Irvine Medical Center. Factors considered in the analyses include the patient's age and duration of OC therapy, histopathology of the tumors, and their symptoms, findings, and prognosis. The pathogenesis and treatment of the tumors are also discussed.
Methods of Midtrimester Abortion: Which Is Safest?
Authors: Grimes David A. , Schulz Kenneth F. , Cates Willard , Tyler Carl W. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn the United States, the three principal methods of abortion for patients at 13 or more menstrual weeks' gestation are intraamniotic instillation of saline or prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and dilatation and evacuation (D&E). The relative safety of these methods, however, has not been established. This report compares the three methods using data on 17467 abortions collected by the Joint Program for the Study of Abortion under the auspices of the Center for Disease Control (JPSA/CDC). Abortion by D&E was found to be significantly safer than abortion by saline instillation (p<0.001), and abortion by saline instillation was significantly safer than by PGF2α (p<0.01). Moreover, midtrimester D&E is both safe and practical; it is a direct and rapid procedure which can be performed on an outpatient basis. Although PGF2α accelerated the time required for abortion, it also significantly increased serious morbidity.
Worldwide Controversies in Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms
Authors: Goldstein Donald P. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis article reviews worldwide controversies concerning gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, and choriocarcinoma). The epidemiology, endocrinology, histopathologic grading, classification, diagnosis, treatment, management and follow‐up (including chemotherapy, irradiation, and immunotherapy) of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms—particularly molar pregnancies—are discussed; and ways to help create a standardized classification system and provide optimal treatment for each type of patient are suggested.
Clinical and Hormonal Response of Patients with Galactorrhea Syndrome Treated with Bromergocryptine
Authors: Sarram M. , Salimi M. R. , Riazi T. , Kamran T. , Wenn R. V. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTTen patients with galactorrhea syndrome were treated with two different daily dosages (5 mg and 7.5 mg) of Bromergocryptine. The 5 mg daily dosage often did not produce the desired hormonal and clinical response. Five patients were treated with this regimen for 38 to 90 days, with treatment extending over more than one menstrual cycle. However, the 7.5 mg daily dosage resulted in complete cessation of galactorrhea in all patients, restoration of menstrual cycles in five patients, and pregnancies in four patients.* Disappearance of lactation proved to be a very good indicator of the general responsiveness of patients. Nausea, vomiting, and occasional dizziness were side effects of the drug. The case histories and hormonal findings of four typical patients are reported.
Postabortion Insertions of the Pleated Membrane
Authors: Tacla Ximena , Mitra Meera , Baeza Ruth 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe pleated or intrauterine membrane (IUM) was designed to fit a range of uterine sizes and shapes and to adjust to transient changes resulting from uterine motility. The retention and contraceptive abilities of postabortion IUM insertions are analyzed in this study of 154 IUM insertions made within 3 days of treatment for an incomplete or inevitable abortion.Results indicate low 1‐year net cumulative event rates for pregnancy (1.7 per 100 users), expulsion (7.2 per 100 users), and removal for bleeding and/or pain (3.9 per 100 users). These rates were similar to those reported in a study of interval insertions of the IUM; moreover, these results also compared favorably with corresponding rates of postabortion insertions reported in studies using other devices. Thus, the postabortion period is indicated as being an effective time for IUM insertion.
Birth Interval Study in a Culturally Stable Urban Population
Authors: Ayangade S. Okun 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFive hundred women were interviewed within 2 days of delivery to examine indigenous birth spacing among the urban and rural population of Ife township. The crude birth interval was between 30 and 40 months due mainly to cultural attitudes towards lactation and sexual abstinence. The women studied possessed considerable knowledge of Western contraceptive methods, but they rejected them. The possible cause of this rejection is examined and solutions to the problem are suggested.
Asherman's Syndrome—A Self‐Limiting Disease?
Authors: Glezerman Marek , Levin Samuel , Bernstein Dinu 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIntrauterine adhesions (Asherman's syndrome) may follow curettage in a recently pregnant uterus. Treatment consisting of dilatation and curettage and possibly the insertion of an intrauterine device usually is started early. The success rate is high. Very few cases of spontaneous recurring menstruation have been reported, and none of them have been based on hysterosalpingographic evidence of adhesions. The pregnancy outcome is generally poor in those cases of assumed spontaneous resolution. We present a case of spontaneous restitution of a functional uterine cavity and normal menstruation following Asherman's syndrome. Subsequent pregnancy was uneventful. A short review of the literature is presented, and the possible self‐limiting character of the disease is discussed.
Laparoscopic Sterilization with Spring‐Loaded Clip and Tubal Ring in Postabortal Cases—One‐Year Follow‐up
Authors: Khandwala S. D. , Pachauri Saroj , Nayak P. G. , Pai D. N. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted in Bombay, India, to evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic application of the spring‐loaded clip and the tubal ring in 300 immediate postabortion patients. The two techniques were randomly assigned to the study subjects and, to minimize interoperation variability, performed by the same operator. Another physician, unaware of the procedure used, evaluated and cared for the patient after surgery. All but one of these women returned for follow‐up 7–21 days after sterilization, and 74.7% and 81.3%, respectively, of the clip and tubal ring groups reported for the six‐ and 12‐month follow‐up visits.There was one technical failure among the tubal ring cases. Surgical difficulties were encountered in 7.3% of the clip and 8.0% of the ring procedures. The incidence of complications until the first follow‐up visit was significantly higher for the clip (9.3%) than for the ring (4.7%) cases, although none of a serious nature were reported. There were significantly more immediate postoperative complaints among subjects sterilized with the ring than with the clip, but the incidence of early postoperative complaints was similar for the two groups. The rate of pelvic pathology was low at six and 12 months after sterilization, and none of these patients required surgery within a year of sterilization. Three of the women sterilized with the spring‐loaded clip, but none of those sterilized with the tubal ring, became pregnant. Thus, while both devices were associated with clinically acceptable morbidity, the tubal ring was found to be the more effective.