bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ancient and recent admixture layers in Sicily and Southern Italy trace multiple migration routes along the Mediterranean
Authors: Sarno Stefania , Boattini Alessio , Pagani Luca , Sazzini Marco , De Fanti Sara , Quagliariello Andrea , Gnecchi Ruscone Guido Alberto , Guichard Etienne , Ciani Graziella , Bortolini Eugenio , Barbieri Chiara , Cilli Elisabetta , Petrilli Rosalba , Mikerezi Ilia , Sineo Luca , Vilar Miguel , Wells Spencer , Luiselli Donata , Pettener Davide 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Mediterranean shores stretching between Sicily, Southern Italy and the Southern Balkans witnessed a long series of migration processes and cultural exchanges. Accordingly, present-day population diversity is composed by multiple genetic layers, which make the deciphering of different ancestral and historical contributes particularly challenging. We address this issue by genotyping 511 samples from 23 populations of Sicily, Southern Italy, Greece and Albania with the Illumina GenoChip Array, also including new samples from Albanian- and Greek-speaking ethno-linguistic minorities of Southern Italy. Our results reveal a shared Mediterranean genetic continuity, extending from Sicily to Cyprus, where Southern Italian populations appear genetically closer to Greek-speaking islands than to continental Greece. Besides a predominant Neolithic background, we identify traces of Post-Neolithic Levantine- and Caucasus-related ancestries, compatible with maritime Bronze-Age migrations. We argue that these results may have important implications in the cultural history of Europe, such as in the diffusion of some Indo-European languages. Instead, recent historical expansions from North-Eastern Europe account for the observed differentiation of present-day continental Southern Balkan groups. Patterns of IBD-sharing directly reconnect Albanian-speaking Arbereshe with a recent Balkan-source origin, while Greek-speaking communities of Southern Italy cluster with their Italian-speaking neighbours suggesting a long-term history of presence in Southern Italy.
Quantum key distribution with hacking countermeasures and long term field trial
Authors: Dixon A. R. , Dynes J. F. , Lucamarini M. , Fröhlich B. , Sharpe A. W. , Plews A. , Tam W. , Yuan Z. L. , Tanizawa Y. , Sato H. , Kawamura S. , Fujiwara M. , Sasaki M. , Shields A. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractQuantum key distribution’s (QKD’s) central and unique claim is information theoretic security. However there is an increasing understanding that the security of a QKD system relies not only on theoretical security proofs, but also on how closely the physical system matches the theoretical models and prevents attacks due to discrepancies. These side channel or hacking attacks exploit physical devices which do not necessarily behave precisely as the theory expects. As such there is a need for QKD systems to be demonstrated to provide security both in the theoretical and physical implementation. We report here a QKD system designed with this goal in mind, providing a more resilient target against possible hacking attacks including Trojan horse, detector blinding, phase randomisation and photon number splitting attacks. The QKD system was installed into a 45 km link of a metropolitan telecom network for a 2.5 month period, during which time the system operated continuously and distributed 1.33 Tbits of secure key data with a stable secure key rate over 200 kbit/s. In addition security is demonstrated against coherent attacks that are more general than the collective class of attacks usually considered.
Nicotine in floral nectar pharmacologically influences bumblebee learning of floral features
Authors: Baracchi D. , Marples A. , Jenkins A. J. , Leitch A. R. , Chittka L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMany plants defend themselves against herbivores by chemical deterrents in their tissues and the presence of such substances in floral nectar means that pollinators often encounter them when foraging. The effect of such substances on the foraging behaviour of pollinators is poorly understood. Using artificial flowers in tightly-controlled laboratory settings, we examined the effects of the alkaloid nicotine on bumblebee foraging performance. We found that bumblebees confronted simultaneously with two equally rewarded nicotine-containing and nicotine-free flower types are deterred only by unnaturally high nicotine concentrations. This deterrence disappears or even turns into attraction at lower nectar-relevant concentrations. The alkaloid has profound effects on learning in a dose-dependent manner. At a high natural dose, bees learn the colour of a nicotine-containing flower type more swiftly than a flower type with the same caloric value but without nicotine. Furthermore, after experiencing flowers containing nicotine in any tested concentration, increasing numbers of bumblebees stay more faithful to these flowers, even if they become a suboptimal choice in terms of reward. These results demonstrate that alkaloids enhance pollinator flower constancy, opening new perspectives in co-evolutionary process between plants and pollinators.
Impact of metabolic status on the incidence of psoriasis: a Korean nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Eun Sook , Han Kyungdo , Kim Mee Kyoung , Park Yong-Moon , Baek Ki-Hyun , Moon Sung Dae , Han Je-Ho , Song Ki-Ho , Kwon Hyuk-Sang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that obesity is a risk factor for incident psoriasis. This study was aimed to evaluate the association of obesity and metabolic status with the incidence of psoriasis. A total of 418,057 adults were followed-up using a nationwide prospective cohort study in Korea. Participants were stratified based on the body mass index categories and metabolic condition. During the follow-up visit, 11054 (2.6%) cases were found to have psoriasis. Diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity were all found to be risk factors for incident psoriasis. The metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO) subjects (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–1.37) and metabolically unhealthy obese subjects (MUO; HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1. 26–1.41) had a significantly higher risk of psoriasis incidence as compared to metabolically healthy non-obese subjects. The risk of psoriasis development was found to be high among the MUNO and MUO subjects in both sexes and all age groups. In conclusion, the metabolic health status was significantly associated with an increased risk of psoriasis in both obese and non-obese individuals. However, further studies are needed to evaluate whether the control of metabolic parameters can lower the incidence of psoriasis.
A quantitative shRNA screen identifies ATP1A1 as a gene that regulates cytotoxicity by aurilide B
Authors: Takase Shohei , Kurokawa Rumi , Arai Daisuke , Kanemoto Kanto Kind , Okino Tatsufumi , Nakao Yoichi , Kushiro Tetsuo , Yoshida Minoru , Matsumoto Ken 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGenome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) with pooled and barcoded short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) libraries provides a powerful tool for identifying cellular components that are relevant to the modes/mechanisms of action (MoA) of bioactive compounds. shRNAs that affect cellular sensitivity to a given compound can be identified by deep sequencing of shRNA-specific barcodes. We used multiplex barcode sequencing technology by adding sample-specific index tags to PCR primers during sequence library preparation, enabling parallel analysis of multiple samples. An shRNA library screen with this system revealed that downregulation of ATP1A1, an α-subunit of Na+/K+ ATPase, conferred significant sensitivity to aurilide B, a natural marine product that induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Combined treatment with ouabain which inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase by targeting α-subunits potentiated sensitivity to aurilide B, suggesting that ATP1A1 regulates mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Our results indicate that multiplex sequencing facilitates the use of pooled shRNA library screening for the identification of combination drug therapy targets.
Phenotypic plasticity, trade-offs and gene expression changes accompanying dietary restriction and switches in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Chen Er-Hu , Hou Qiu-Li , Wei Dan-Dan , Jiang Hong-Bo , Wang Jin-Jun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effects of dietary restriction (DR) and variable diets on phenotypes and gene expression in oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), one of the most economically important pests in the family Tephritidae around the world. As expected, we found that DR altered the B. dorsalis phenotypes by significantly increasing stress resistance and lifespan, but reduced egg production when compared with the control diet. The results suggested a trade-off between reproduction versus somatic maintenance (stress resistance) and lifespan in B. dorsalis. Diet also had a significant effect on hatchability, and DR could increase the egg hatching success of B. dorsalis. Furthermore, DR up-regulated metabolic pathways involved in energy homeostasis and down-regulated pathways in egg production, which might mediate trade-offs between somatic maintenance and reproduction under DR regimes. The gene expression profiles in response to the acute dietary switches indicated that the digestive and metabolic pathways maybe involved in the adaptability of flies to variable dietary resources. In summary, the research facilitates a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the B. dorsalis’ phenotypic adjustments to the different qualities of the available diets.
Insight into the global evolution of Rodentia associated Morbilli-related paramyxoviruses
Authors: Ghawar Wissem , Pascalis Hervé , Bettaieb Jihéne , Mélade Julien , Gharbi Adel , Snoussi Mohamed Ali , Laouini Dhafer , Goodman Steven M. , Ben Salah Afif , Dellagi Koussay 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOne portion of the family Paramyxoviridae is a group of Unclassified Morbilli-Related Viruses (UMRV) recently recognized in wild small mammals. At a global level, the evolutionary history of these viruses is not properly understood and the relationships between UMRV and their hosts still remain largely unstudied. The present study revealed, for the first time, that Rodentia associated UMRV emerged from a common ancestor in southern Africa more than 4000 years ago. Sequenced UMRV originating from different regions in the world, clustered into four well-supported viral lineages, which suggest that strain diversification occurred during host dispersal and associated exchanges, with purifying selection pressure as the principal evolutionary force. In addition, multi-introductions on different continents and islands of Rodentia associated UMRV and spillover between rodent species, most probably Rattus rattus, were detected and indicate that these animals are implicated in the vectoring and in the worldwide emergence of this virus group. The natural history and the evolution dynamics of these zoonotic viruses, originating from and hosted by wild animals, are most likely shaped by commensalism related to human activities.
NOX abatement from filtered diesel engine exhaust using battery‐powered high‐voltage pulse power supply
Authors: Mohapatro Sankarsan , Allamsetty Srikanth 
Published: May 2017

The dielectric barrier discharge‐based non‐thermal plasma technique is one of the most prominent techniques which give peerless results in controlling the concentration of NOX. However, when it comes to the automobile diesel engine, availability of high‐voltage pulse power supply is the major constraint. In this study, battery‐powered high‐voltage pulse power supply for NOX treatment has been proposed. Two types of electrodes: rod type and rod with helical spring type are studied for the treatment of exhaust. Cascaded plasma‐adsorbent technique has also been used to enhance NOX removal efficiency. Experiments have been conducted with two different gas flow rates, i.e. 4 l and 6 l/min at laboratory level and have got significant results toward removal of NOX. When the exhaust has been treated with plasma alone, the reactor with rod‐type electrode has shown 85% NOX removal efficiency at a specific energy (SE) of 283 J/l with a flow rate of 4 l/min. When the plasma reactor is cascaded with the adsorbent reactor, both adsorbents: 13x molecular sieve (MS13x) and activated alumina are able to remove 100% of NOX with the proposed power supply at a lesser SE.
Luminous intensity bilateral comparison using lamps as transfer standards between LNE (France) and INM-RO (Roumania)
Authors: Obein G , Simionescu M , Dubard J , Seucan A , Bastie J 
Published: May 2017

The EUROMET project 823, "Comparison of luminous intensity and luminous flux using lamps as transfer standards" between LNE (formerly BNM), France, and INM-RO, Romania, has linked the INM-RO real-ized candela to the CCPR key comparison reference values. The comparison was registered on BIPM key comparison data base with the numbers EUROMET.PR-K3.a.1.
The comparison has been piloted by LNE. It has been carried out by successive calibrations of a group of four travelling standard lamps in the two laboratories. The lamps were first calibrated by INM-RO, then cal-ibrated by LNE and calibrated by INM-RO in order to check for any drift or instability. The measurements have been performed over the period November 2004 to June 2006.
According to the results of the comparison, the Degree of Equivalence of the candela realized by INM-RO to the Key Comparison Reference Value of CCPR-K3 is - 0,72 % with an expended uncertainty (k = 2) of 2.14 %.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Racial Disparities in Perinatal Depression in an Underserved Los Angeles County Population [3OP]
Authors: Celaya Anna K. , Batra Priya , Jackson Ashaki , Robinson Nuriya , Dossett Emily C. , Reina Astrid 
Published: May 2017

INTRODUCTION:
Perinatal depression affects one in seven women, and is associated with significant morbidity. Limited data suggest depression rates to be twice as high among low-income, minority women. This study aimed to identify associations between race/ethnicity and perinatal depression in a medically and psychosocially at-risk population.

METHODS:
Study data were collected from interviews conducted from December 2013 through August 2016 by Community Health Workers as part of the initial obstetric assessment. Depression was scored on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale, with depression defined as a score of greater than 16 for clinical symptoms. Race and ethnicity were self-reported. Chi-square analyses were performed.

RESULTS:
A total of 3,214 women were included in the study. Analyses revealed that a larger proportion of African American women (26.2%) met criteria for depression than their White (20.1%), Asian (5.2%) and Mixed Race counterparts (2.6%; chi-square less than .01, P greater than .001). Analyses involving ethnicity revealed that women who identified as Hispanic/Latina (27.1%) were less likely than non-Hispanic women (38.5%) to meet CES-D depression criteria (chi-square=44, P less than .001).

CONCLUSION:
Race and ethnicity were significantly associated with perinatal depression. A higher proportion was seen among African American women, while a lower proportion seen among Hispanic/Latinas. Implications for practice include increasing mental health support and a referral network to access during pregnancy and postpartum. Future research might include examination of protective factors for depressive symptoms in pregnant women of different ethnic/racial backgrounds. Screening tools for other mental health conditions may account for other ethnic/racial differences.
Influence of Periconception Smoking Behavior on Birth Defect Risk [4OP]
Authors: Perry Madeline , Mulcahy Helen , DeFranco Emily 
Published: May 2017

INTRODUCTION:
The aim of this study is to assess the association of maternal smoking and the timing of periconception exposure with congenital birth defects.

METHODS:
Population-based retrospective cohort of all live births in Ohio (2006-2015). Rates of major defects were compared between births to non-smoking mothers and those who smoked (1) during the 3 month preconception period and not in the first trimester, and (2) in the preconception period + throughout the first trimester. Multivariate logistic regression quantified the relationship between smoking and birth defects after adjustment for maternal race, age, pregestational diabetes and socio-economic factors.

RESULTS:
Of 1,436,036 live births in the study period, 23.3% smoked during pregnancy; 6.0% preconception only and 17.3% smoked also through the first trimester. Smoking during the preconception period only, even without first trimester exposure, was associated with a 40% increased risk of gastroschisis (adjRR 1.4, CI 1.1-1.9), but no other individual birth defects. However, smoking through the first trimester was associated with a modest but significantly increased risk of several defects including gastroschisis, omphalocele, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and cleft palate, even after adjustment for coexisting factors.

CONCLUSION:
Smoking during the period of fetal organogenesis, during the first trimester of pregnancy, is associated with increased risk of some birth defects. In this study, we provide novel data that smoking during the few months prior to conception, even with cessation in the first trimester, may also pose risk for fetal malformation such as gastroschisis. These findings highlight the importance of preconception women’s public health education efforts and warrant further investigation.
Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women With Liver Cirrhosis [8OP]
Authors: Palatnik Anna , Rinella Mary 
Published: May 2017

INTRODUCTION:
The objective of this study was to compare pregnancy outcomes among women whose pregnancy was complicated by cirrhosis of the liver to women without liver cirrhosis.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study of women diagnosed with liver cirrhosis prior to their pregnancy and women without cirrhosis between 2005-2015, in a single tertiary care center. Univariable comparisons of patients’ characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were conducted using chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical data and student t-test for continuous measures. Multivariable logistic regression was done to determine independent association of liver cirrhosis and adverse obstetric outcomes.

RESULTS:
31 women with cirrhosis were identified and compared to 124 controls. Most common etiology for liver cirrhosis was ETOH (29.0%), followed by primary biliary cirrhosis (22.7%). In univariable analysis, women with cirrhosis were more likely to be black (29.0% vs. 12.1%, p=0.03), have chronic hypertension (16.1% vs. 3.2%, p=0.006), and presence of fetal anomalies (9.7% vs. 0.0%, p < 0.001), preeclampsia (19.4% vs. 4.0%, p=0.003) fetal or neonatal demise (16.1% vs. 0.0%, p < 0.001) and small-for-gestational-age infant (16.1% vs. 4.8%, p=0.020). In multivariable analysis controlling for potential confounders, diagnosis of cirrhosis remained to be independently associated with preterm delivery and preeclampsia.

CONCLUSION:
Women whose pregnancy is complicated by liver cirrhosis are at higher risk for preterm delivery and preeclampsia.
Effect of Intra-Operative Glove-Changing During Cesarean on Post-Op Complications: A Randomized Controlled Trial [12OP]
Authors: Reddy Buvana , Scrafford Jonathan 
Published: May 2017

INTRODUCTION:
An increasing body of literature suggests that vaginal floral bacteria contribute to post-operative infectious morbidity when introduced to normally sterile environments during cesarean section. Surgeon's gloves, exposed to the lower genitourinary tract during delivery of an infant, may be an important vehicle of bacteria to the abdominal wall. Changing gloves during cesarean prior to abdominal wall closure may decreased bacterial transfer to the wound bed and therefore the incidence of wound complications following cesarean section.

METHODS:
This is a randomized controlled trial. Women undergoing non-emergent cesarean section were randomized to control conditions or intra-operative glove-changing, which entailed surgeons changing outer sterile gloves prior to abdominal closure. The primary outcome is composite wound complications, defined as the occurrence of seroma, hematoma, wound infection, skin separation of at least 1cm, or other incisional separation or abnormality requiring a bedside procedure Enrollment of 554 patients provides 80% power to detect a 50% reduction in the primary outcome from the approximately 15% incidence noted in the first 100 control subjects studied during a planned interim analysis.

RESULTS:
Of the first 409 patients analyzed, a significant reduction in composite wound complications is observed in the glove-changing group (11/185, 5.9%) compared to the control group (29/224, 12.9%), with p-value 0.018. At time of this submission, there are 145 subjects remaining to analyze, estimated to complete by December 2016.

CONCLUSION:
Preliminary analysis of this nearly completed randomized controlled trial indicates a trend toward reduction of composite wound complications following cesarean section when gloves are changed prior to abdominal closure.
Outpatient Opioid Use After Cesarean Section [20OP]
Authors: Emerson J.B. , Danilack V.A. , Kulkarni A. , Brousseau E.C. , Matteson K.A. 
Published: May 2017

INTRODUCTION:
Cesarean section is the most common major surgery among women in the United States. Guidance on how much opiate medication women need after hospital discharge is unavailable. Our objective was to determine if factors such as amount of opioid medication used inpatient relate to outpatient opioid use.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective cohort study of women after cesarean delivery. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics (including opioid usage and prescriptions) were collected by survey at enrollment. Between 2-5 weeks post-hospital discharge we obtained self-reported opioid usage information. Medical records were reviewed for additional clinical data. Opioid usage was standardized to Morphine Equivalent Doses (MED) and tertiles of MED were generated for analyses. T-test and ANOVA were used for comparison of MED between groups, and Pearson correlation coefficients evaluated MED correlation between inpatient factors and outpatient use.

RESULTS:
One hundred participants were enrolled; 76 completed follow-up. On average, participants used 59 MED (±43) in the final 24 hours inpatient and 258 MED (±57) per patient were prescribed for outpatient use. Among women completing follow-up, 21% used all opioids prescribed and 20% used none. Overall, 53% of opioid pills prescribed were not taken. Maternal history of psychiatric comorbidities was associated with higher outpatient opiate use (172 MED vs 103 MED; p= 0.046). As inpatient MED use increased across the three MED tertiles (<40, 41-70, >70), there was an association with increased outpatient opiate use (difference between groups p<0.001, correlation r=0.429, p<.001).

CONCLUSION:
Not all opioids prescribed following cesarean section are taken within 5 weeks of hospital discharge. We demonstrate that inpatient opioid use correlates with the number of opioids used outpatient and may be a factor clinicians could consider when providing hospital discharge prescriptions. Prescribing an appropriate amount of post-cesarean opioids is a tangible way obstetricians could impact the public health crisis of opioid abuse.