bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of Reservoir Characteristics to Determine Minimum Sampling Effort Needed to Assess Sport Fish Populations in Kansas Reservoirs
Authors: Neely Ben C. , Koch Jeff D. , Colvin Michael E. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Effective reservoir fisheries management requires fish samples suitable for addressing objectives. These samples are typically attained with fish sampling gears using standardized protocols. Some standardized protocols for sampling reservoir fishes promote objective-based sampling, and many include a minimum number of gear deployments. This minimum number is often a function of reservoir surface area. However, reservoir size may not adequately predict the number of gear deployments needed to reach sample objectives. We used multiple linear regression to determine the relationships between the biological, chemical, and physical characteristics of reservoirs and the number of gear deployments needed to reach two sample objectives: (1) collecting 100 stock-length fish (N100), and (2) attaining relative SE of stock-length catch per effort (CPE) ≤25% (RSE25). These analyses were conducted using data from 34 Kansas reservoirs and six fish species. We used Akaike model averaging from a confidence model set (ΔAIC ≤ 2) to develop an average model for each sample objective (N100 and RSE25) and target species. Recent CPE was identified in N100 models for six target species and in RSE25 models for five. Conversely, reservoir surface area was identified in only one model for N100 and two for RSE25. These results suggest that reservoir characteristics other than surface area, particularly recent CPE, should be considered when developing minimum sample sizes for objective-based fish sampling protocols. This approach would allow managers to most efficiently allocate sampling effort while still collecting representative and precise fish samples.
Received March 6, 2015; accepted November 30, 2015 Published online March 22, 2016
Effects of absolute fasting on reproduction and survival of the invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata in its native range
Authors: Tamburi Nicolás E. , Martín Pablo R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A South American freshwater gastropod, the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata, has become a driver of ecosystemic changes in wetlands and an important rice pest after its introduction to various parts of the world, mainly Asia. The objective of this study was to study the effect of an abrupt interruption in food availability in the short term (up to 4 weeks) and long term (up to 8 months) on survival and reproductive activity. The main results indicate that short-term fasting mainly affects the survival of males, but only when they are raised together with females, probably due to a greater mate-searching activity that increases mortality in the individuals with lower reserves. The number of copulating snails or egg-laying females shows an abrupt drop when fasting and a rapid recovery after the food supply is restored. The strategy of discontinuing reproductive activity prioritizes energy conservation for the survival of the females. Interpopulation variation in resistance to starvation was observed in adults, which can be explained to some extent by the food availability that they experienced in their natural environment. No interpopulational differences in survival were seen in hatchlings. The mean maximum values of survival under starvation were 52.6 days in hatchlings and the 3.3% of adults survive over than 200 days, which may be a relevant trait in dispersal and establishment in new habitats.
The Effects of Fluvoxamine on the Steady-State Plasma Concentrations of Escitalopram and Desmethylescitalopram in Depressed Japanese Patients
Authors: Yasui-Furukori Norio , Tsuchimine Shoko , Kubo Kazutoshi , Ishioka Masamichi , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Inoue Yoshimasa 
Published: March 2016

Background:
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of fluvoxamine, an inhibitor of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 (CYP2C19), on the pharmacokinetics of escitalopram, a substrate of CYP2C19.

Methods:
Thirteen depressed patients initially received a 20-mg/d dose of escitalopram alone. Subsequently, a 50-mg/d dose of fluvoxamine was administered because of the insufficient efficacy of escitalopram. Plasma concentrations of escitalopram and desmethylescitalopram were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography before and after fluvoxamine coadministration. The QT and corrected QT (QTc) intervals were measured before and after fluvoxamine coadministration.

Results:
Fluvoxamine significantly increased the plasma concentrations of escitalopram (72.3 ± 36.9 ng/mL versus 135.2 ± 79.7 ng/mL, P < 0.01) but not those of desmethylescitalopram (21.5 ± 7.0 ng/mL versus 24.9 ± 12.0 ng/mL, no significance [ns]). The ratios of desmethylescitalopram to escitalopram were significantly decreased during fluvoxamine coadministration (0.37 ± 0.21 versus 0.21 ± 0.10, P < 0.01). The CYP2C19 genotype did not fully explain the degree of the change. Fluvoxamine coadministration did not change the QT or QTc intervals.

Conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that adjunctive treatment with fluvoxamine increases the concentration of escitalopram. The QTc interval did not change in this condition.
Childhood Antecedents and Maintaining Factors in Maladaptive Daydreaming
Authors: Somer Eli , Somer Liora , Jopp Daniela S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This study explored the fantasy activity of 16 individuals who were seeking online peer-support and advice for maladaptive daydreaming (MD). MD is an under-researched mental activity described as persistent vivid fantasy activity that replaces human interaction and/or interferes with important areas of functioning. We employed a grounded theory methodology that yielded seven common themes presented as a sequential descriptive narrative about the nature, precursors, and consequences of MD. The presented “storyline” included the following themes: (1) daydreaming as an innate talent for vivid fantasy; (2) daydreaming and social isolation—a two-way street; (3) the role of trauma in the development of MD; (4) the rewards of daydreaming; (5) the insatiable yearning for daydreaming; (6) shame and concealment; (7) unsuccessful treatment attempts. A main conclusion of our study is that there is an urgent need for early identification of MD and its correct diagnoses in adulthood.
Transcriptomic comparison ofDrosophilasnRNP biogenesis mutants: implications for Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Garcia Eric L. , Wen Ying , Praveen Kavita , Matera A. Gregory 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSpinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is caused by deletion or mutation of theSurvival Motor Neuron 1gene (SMN1)1, but the mechanism whereby reduced levels of SMN protein lead to disease is unknown. SMN functions in the assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and potential splicing defects have been uncovered in various animal models of SMA. We used disruptions inSmnand two additional snRNP biogenesis genes,PhaxandArs2, to classify RNA processing differences as snRNP-dependent orSmngene specific inDrosophila. Although more numerous, the processing changes inArs2mutants were generally distinct from those identified inPhaxandSmnanimals.PhaxandSmnnull mutants exhibited comparable reductions in steady-state snRNA levels, and direct comparison of their transcriptomes uncovered a shared set of alternative splicing changes. Transgenic expression ofPhaxandSmnin the respective mutant backgrounds significantly rescued both snRNA levels as well as alternative splicing. When compared to theSmnwild-type rescue line, three additional disease models (bearing SMA-causing point mutations inSmn) displayed only small-to-indistinguishable differences in snRNA levels and the identified splicing disruptions. Comparison of these intermediate SMA models revealed fewer than 10% shared splicing differences. Instead, the threeSmnpoint mutants displayed common increases in stress responsive transcripts that correlated with phenotypic severity. These findings uncouple organismal viability defects from the general housekeeping function of SMN and suggest that SMN-specific changes in gene expression may be important for understanding how loss of SMN ultimately causes disease.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a Lebanese sample
Authors: Farhat Antoine G. , Jaalouk Doris , Francis Serine 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and reduced mortality or a lower incidence of major chronic diseases has been widely studied. The purpose of this study was to assess the adherence of a Lebanese adult sample to the Mediterranean diet.Design/methodology/approach– This cross-sectional dietary survey involved a Lebanese population sample aged 19 to 70 years. A total of 615 men and women were asked to fill a diet history questionnaire (144 items), assisted by trained nutrition research assistants. Data were analyzed and compared to the Mediterranean diet recommendations, and the Mediterranean diet score, a ten-point scale based on above and below median levels of consumption, was estimated.Findings– There was no significant difference in terms of adherence between men and women participants below the age of 30 years, while women over 30 years had a poorer score than men within this age group. The surveyed sample was found to have a 4.2 Mediterranean diet score and, thus, has a low adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern. Consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, legumes and nuts of this Lebanese sample met the Mediterranean diet recommendations, while whole grains, poultry and fish consumption was lower than the recommended Mediterranean diet intake, and meat consumption was found to be much higher than what was recommended.Originality/value– Facing the fast increase in non-communicable disease incidence, and with a more spread Western-type culture, it is central to raise awareness about the role of traditional Mediterranean diet in preventing and protecting against these diseases. This study contributes to the limited literature on the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Lebanon.
Reconciling recreational use and conservation values in a coastal protected area
Authors: Stigner Madeleine G. , Beyer Hawthorne L. , Klein Carissa J. , Fuller Richard A. 
Published: March 2016

Summary

Protected areas often need to provide recreational opportunities whilst conserving biodiversity. Recreation brings important benefits to human well‐being, and allowing people to experience nature in protected areas can also provide revenue and support for conservation objectives. However, not all recreational activities are compatible with environmental management goals.

Here, we show how a coastal protected area can be zoned to satisfy both recreational and conservation objectives.

We collected empirical data on the effect of recreational disturbance to foraging shorebirds in Moreton Bay Marine Park, Queensland, Australia, and calculated the benefit of alternative protected area zone types on shorebird representation using a zero‐inflated negative binomial model. The predictions from this model were used to optimize a zoning plan in a linear programming framework that balances recreational use with shorebird conservation. Costs reflect foregone recreational opportunity, thereby facilitating solutions that minimize restrictions on recreational use of the coastline.

We discover a consistent negative effect of recreational use of the foreshore on shorebird occupancy and abundance and show that, despite this, zoning can be used to achieve shorebird representation targets with only a small cost to recreational opportunity.

When dog recreation is permitted at all sites, a 91% shorebird representation target can be met, indicating that de facto patterns of recreation were rather well segregated from areas used by shorebirds. By restricting dog recreation to five sites and allowing people to access all other foreshore sites, shorebird representation increased to 97%.

Synthesis and applications. Our approach of calculating the contribution of each zone type towards conservation objectives results in zoning plans with robust estimates of conservation benefit that can be readily implemented by managers. Specifically, we estimated the effects of removing people and domestic dog recreation within each intertidal site on shorebird abundance to inform coastal zoning plans. Incorporating cost as foregone recreational opportunity results in zoning plans that minimize the number of people required to make a behavioural change. Compliance to zone types is often ultimately voluntary so integrating the current intensity of recreational use is more likely to generate workable zoning plans.
The Fate of Anglo‐Saxon Saints after the Norman Conquest of England: St Æthelwold of Winchester as a Case Study
Authors: BROWETT REBECCA 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper explores the continued debate concerning the status and treatment of Anglo‐Saxon saints after 1066 through the discussion of the fate of St Æthelwold of Winchester's cult. Current historiography favours Susan Ridyard's 1986 thesis that the new Norman bishops and abbots used the Anglo‐Saxon saints to establish their authority, integrate themselves into their new religious houses, and guard their communities' land and possessions. She challenged the notion that the churchmen were sceptical of and mistreated Anglo‐Saxon saints' cults. However, historians such as Paul Hayward, and more recently Tom License, have disputed Ridyard's thesis. This article examines the status of St Æthelwold's cult at Winchester and Abingdon after 1066, where there is clear evidence that the cult was suppressed. This paper will explore the means by which, and the potential motivations why, the abbots of Abingdon and bishop of Winchester expressed disrespectful attitudes towards St Æthelwold's cult, discussing the implications this has on current historiography.
Effects of Parturition on Pelvic Age Indicators
Authors: Bongiovanni Rosanne 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis research assessed whether parity has a differential effect on age indicators of the pelvis. The data were collected from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection. Age indicators of the pubic symphysis and auricular surface were assessed using the Todd, Suchey–Brooks, Lovejoy et al., and Buckberry and Chamberlain scoring systems. A transition analysis was conducted, and scoring systems of the pubic symphysis showed the parous female group transitioning between eight and 14 years earlier than the nulliparous female and male groups, and 1 and 7 years earlier using the auricular surface methods. A likelihood ratio test produced significantly different results between parous and nulliparous females using the pubic symphysis (p < 0.01) but not the auricular surface (p > 0.05). Although parous females were inaccurately assessed more often than nulliparous females, no correction of methods is necessary at this time as current standards take parity into account by utilizing a lumped female sample.
Regional development in a resource production system: long distance commuting, population growth, and wealth redistribution in the Western Australia Goldfields
Authors: Martinus Kirsten 
Published: March 2016

AbstractResource towns often exist on a knife‐edge, largely depending upon global demand for their resource/s and, at the same time, playing a critical role in the development of a nation. The transition from single resource towns to diversified economies has been modelled on several occasions, but their application to other resource locales is difficult given the unique interplay of geographic, political, social, and economic factors. Nonetheless, Innis' Canadian staples theory may explain the political motivations of resource extraction and exportation, not least in relation to the Western Australia Goldfields. This paper seeks to explore the theory's potential in this context by examining the implications of high labour mobility. It employs a two‐step process using, first, a social network analysis to map the entire Australian labour commuting network and, second, a regression analysis of commuting, regional wealth, and population size against population change. While the Goldfields historically grew in line with processes described by Innis' theory, contemporary high labour mobility has created a variegated landscape of different development dynamics and trajectories. This finding carries implications for network patterns of residence and work. Labour acts to extend the distribution of wealth by sending incomes to the metropolitan core and to amenity‐rich regional towns across the State and nation. In such light, regional development scholars must view the resource town in its broader urban system of distinct but interlocked, and sometimes overlapping, activity nodes.
Risk‐preferring rats make worse decisions and show increased incubation of craving after cocaine self‐administration
Authors: Ferland Jacqueline‐Marie N. , Winstanley Catharine A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMaladaptive decision‐making may play an integral role in the development and maintenance of an addiction. Substance‐dependent individuals make riskier choices on the Iowa Gambling Task, and these deficits persist during withdrawal and are predictive of relapse. However, it is unclear from clinical studies whether this cognitive impairment is a cause or consequence of drug use. We trained male Long‐Evans rats on the rat Gambling Task, a rodent analogue of the Iowa Gambling Task, to determine how choice preference influenced, and was influenced by, cocaine self‐administration, withdrawal and incubation of craving. Rats that exhibited a preference for the risky, disadvantageous options at baseline were uniquely and adversely affected by cocaine self‐administration. Risky choice was exacerbated in these rats when decision‐making was assessed during the same diurnal period as cocaine self‐administration, whereas the choice pattern of optimal decision‐makers was unaffected. This decision‐making deficit was maintained during 30 days of withdrawal and correlated with greater cue‐induced incubation of craving. Risk‐preferring rats also made more drug‐seeking responses during cocaine self‐administration. These data demonstrate that poor decision‐making prior to contact with addictive drugs is associated with a pro‐addictive behavioural phenotype, characterized by further increased risky choice and heightened responding for drug both during cocaine self‐administration and withdrawal. Such findings indicate that the elevated risky decision‐making observed in substance‐dependent populations is not merely circumstantial, but makes an important contribution to addiction vulnerability and severity that can now be effectively modelled in laboratory rats.
Degeneration patterns of the worker spermatheca during morphogenesis in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Gotoh Ayako , Billen Johan , Hashim Rosli , Ito Fuminori 
Published: March 2016

SummaryReproductive division of labor is one of the crucial features in social insects, however, the developmental mechanisms leading to modifications in the reproductive apparatus of workers are still not very clear. Ants show a remarkable diversity in the morphological specialization of the worker's reproductive apparatus, that allows to distinguish four types, type 1: workers that have ovaries and a functional spermatheca, and that reproduce like queens, type 2: workers have ovaries and a vestigial spermatheca, type 3: workers have ovaries but no spermatheca, and type 4: workers lost both ovaries and spermatheca. We investigated morphogenesis of the worker spermatheca in 28 ant species by histological examination. In workers of type 1, the morphogenesis of the spermatheca is very similar to that in ant queens. In type 2, the spermathecal disc also differentiates, however, the development is interrupted and remains vestigial. In types 3 and 4, the absence of the spermatheca in the adult phase is caused by a degeneration after initial formation of the spermathecal disc or by a complete lack of the spermathecal discs. The timing of these interruption and degeneration events varies among species. The species exhibiting an earlier interrupting point of spermatheca formation in workers have a larger queen‐worker dimorphism, that seems to be independent from ant phylogeny.
Patch exploitation by non‐aggressive parasitoids under intra‐ and interspecific competition
Authors: Robert Félix‐Antoine , Brodeur Jacques , Boivin Guy 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe behavioral strategies evolved by insect parasitoids to optimize their foraging efforts have been the subject of many theoretical and empirical studies. However, the effects competition may have on these strategies, especially for species that do not engage in antagonistic behaviors, have received little attention. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of intraspecific and interspecific competition on patch exploitation strategies by two non‐aggressive species, Trichogramma pintoi Voegelé and Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), both generalist egg parasitoids. We analyzed the patch residence times of females, their patch‐leaving mechanisms, and the sex allocation of their progeny while foraging either alone, with an intraspecific competitor, or with an interspecific competitor. To some extent, each species responded differently to the presence of a competitor in the patch. Trichogramma pintoi females did not change their patch‐leaving mechanisms in response to competition and behaved as if under an exploitative competition regime, whereas T. minutum females did change their patch‐leaving mechanisms in response to competition and remained longer in the host patch than expected. Antennal rejection, and not oviposition, was the proximate behavioral mechanism underlying patch‐leaving decisions by both species. Neither species adjusted the sex allocation of their progeny in response to competition. These results indicate that the effects of competition differ even among closely related parasitoid species.
Parasitoid‐induced transgenerational fecundity compensation in an aphid
Authors: Kaiser Matthew C. , Heimpel George E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIncreased reproductive effort by organisms in response to attack by consumers (‘fecundity compensation’) is well documented in both plants and animals, although most examples only involve direct compensation by the individuals exposed to consumers. We used the parasitoid waspLysiphlebus orientalisStarý & Rakhshani (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) and the soybean aphid,Aphis glycinesMatsumura (Hemiptera:Aphididae), to determine whether reproduction by parasitized aphids can lead to fecundity compensation. Although parasitism byL. orientalisstrongly decreased fecundity for parasitized aphids, offspring of parasitized aphids reproduced at a greater rate at maturity than did the offspring of non‐parasitized aphids. Also, parasitized aphids contained fewer but larger embryos developing within them. The presence of these larger embryos may explain how the offspring of parasitized aphids can produce more progeny with no apparent reduction in progeny quality. Mature and nearly mature soybean aphids successfully reproduced after parasitism, a prerequisite for transgenerational fecundity compensation, andL. orientalisshowed a preference for these age classes of aphids as hosts when foraging. Transgenerational fecundity compensation may allow for higher than expected densities of both hosts and consumers to persist and may be adaptive for both the host and consumer in this system. The phenomenon could also reduce the strength of biological control interactions.