bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CIUDADANÍA Y DEMOCRACIA EN LA SOCIEDAD ACTUAL GLOBALIZADA Y COMUNICADA
Authors: Herrerías José Angel López 
Published: September 2016

Vivimos una cultura mundializada en dos ámbitos complementarios, cuales son el que se refiere a la generalizada experiencia de la tecnología de la comunicación y el de la interdependencia económica de todas las sociedades. Esa experiencia cultural dominante genera un relevante reto a la experiencia ineludible de la convivencia y al proyecto de cómo y para qué educarnos. En este contexto globalizado de racionalidad tecnológica y de funcionalidad económica aparece el riesgo de quedar las personas reducidas a las exigencias que imponen ese guión cultural. Por ello, hay que replantear qué sujeto y qué educación, valiosos, hemos de concebir para dar una respuesta humanista y ética, a dichos retos. La respuesta que aquí se elabora está apoyada en los siguientes aspectos: i) potenciar una educación, apoyada en la dimensión ética de la persona, como autor y actor inalienable de la propia existencia; ii) concretar esa dimensión ética en el esfuerzo por vivir como ciudadano comprometido y responsable, vertiente personal del ser sujeto, y por participar de la democracia, vertiente social del mismo.
Effect of Kettlebell Lifting on Physical Condition of Future Mechanical Engineers
Authors: Конох А. П. , Карабанов Є. О. 
Published: September 2016

The objective of the paper is to study the effect of exercises with kettlebell lifting elements on the physical condition of future mechanical engineers.
Materials and methods. To address the tasks set, the study used the following research methods: theoretical analysis and collation of literary sources; implementation of a pilot program of physical education through kettlebell lifting in higher agricultural educational institutions; methods of mathematical statistics.
Research results. The paper focuses on the relevant issue of theoretical and methodological support of the process of improving students' physical condition. The study has determined the effect of kettlebell lifting on the physical condition of the future mechanical engineers involved in maintenance and repair of agricultural equipment and machinery. Kettlebell lifting proves to provide good physical training, has a positive effect on the human body, and strengthens health in general. The research conducted gave grounds to determine that the level of the physical condition of the test group students is satisfactory on all indicators. This meets the requirements set before the future specialists.
Conclusions. The study of the effectiveness of kettlebell lifting influence on the physical condition of the test group students yielded positive results. As a result, the training improves the performance of the students’ respiratory and cardiovascular systems, decreases their heart rate and blood pressure, enhances economization of the body systems performance at rest and at load, boosts the reserve capacity of these systems, reduces the recovery period after load, and improves the metabolic processes, which contributes to enhancing the organism tolerance to the unfavorable factors of the profession-related activity.
Methods of Pedagogical Control of Endurance Development in Cadets of Educational Institutions of State Emergency Service of Ukraine
Authors: Плющ М. О. 
Published: September 2016

The purpose of research is to provide scientific and theoretical grounds for and to seek out ways of development of endurance in the cadets of the National University of Civil Defense of Ukraine.
Research methods. To achieve the tasks set, the study relied on the following methods used: analysis and collation of scientific, methodological and professional literature, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical observance, methods of mathematical statistics.
Research results. The research resulted in the data obtained as to the level of endurance development in the cadets of the National University of Civil Defense of Ukraine and the methods grounded for such endurance improvement as one of the important physical qualities.
Conclusions. The research resulted in designing a technology for improvement of general endurance development in the cadets of the National University of Civil Defense of Ukraine.
The results of the testing the first-year cadets participated in enable us to recommend including more exercises intended to develop general endurance in the physical training syllabus.
Local application of haemocoagulase for control of haemorrhages after tonsillectomy: a study in a teaching hospital
Authors: Kishore Harikrishna 
Published: September 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>Post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage remains the most serious complication of tonsillectomy. Many topical agents have been used to control the post-operative bleeding by the surgeons. This study was undertaken to evaluate hemocoagulase as a local application in tonsillectomy for the control of primary, reactionary and secondary haemorrhages.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>50 patients, between the ages 5-60 years, who came with chronic tonsillitis or adenoid hypertrophy, were included into the study. The surgery was performed under general anaesthesia by tonsillar resection or tonsilloadenoid resection. </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>The most common age group to be affected was between 5 and 15 years, though in this age group the number of females and males were the same, accounting for 28% each of the total number of patients. Among the 50 patients, only 5 (10%) of them had reactionary haemorrhage, which was immediately contained. None of the patients had either primary or secondary haemorrhage.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>The use of hemocoagulase has after tonsillectomy has definite advantage in controlling post-operative bleeding. It can be used as a routine application after tonsillectomy to control the bleeding.</p>
Evaluation of a commercial grape yield monitor for use mid-season and at-harvest
Authors: Taylor James A. , Sanchez Luis , Sams Brent , Haggerty Luke , Jakubowski Rhiann , Djafour Sarah , Bates Terence R. 
Published: September 2016

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims:</strong> Yield monitors are becoming more common in North America. This research evaluates the precision and accuracy of a retro-fitted, commercially available grape yield monitor mid-season, for crop estimation and crop thinning applications, and at harvest for yield mapping.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and Results:</strong> Several grape yield monitors were mounted on the discharge conveyor belt of grape harvesters in both commercial and research vineyards in North America. Sensor response was compared to manual measurements at multiple masses, ranging from 20 kg to 28 Mg over the course of three seasons. Measurements were taken during crop thinning and estimation (mid-season) and at harvest. Results showed that the grape yield monitor performance was sufficient to generate good spatial maps of the relative variation in harvest yield and mid-season thinned yield. However, at harvest the sensor showed a shift in response between days of up to ±15%, such that the generation of absolute yield maps required a daily calibration against a known mass. Within a day (single harvest operation) the sensor response did not appear to drift. Mid-season applications required a different calibration to harvest applications.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The yield sensor worked well for both mid-season and at harvest operations in North American vineyards but required a daily calibration to avoid drift issues. The mid-season yield calibrations were different between seasons; however, the harvest calibration factor was stable between seasons.</p><strong>Significance and Impact of study:</strong> The study showed that a commercial yield monitor with correct calibration was effective at even low fruit flow. This opens the possibility of using a harvest sensor mid-season to mechanically estimate fruit load from small point samples and to map the amount of fruit removed during fruit thinning operations. This will improve the quality of information available to viticulturist to understand fruit and crop load. The commercial yield monitor is suitable for use in North American vineyards.
How can grapevine genetics contribute to the adaptation to climate change?
Authors: Duchene Eric 
Published: September 2016

<p style="text-align: justify;">Climate change is modifying the environmental conditions in all the vineyards across the world. The expected effects on grape and wine production can be positive in some grape growing regions, but under warmer or dryer conditions the volume and quality of the wines produced can be impaired. Adaptation to new climatic conditions includes changes in the cultivation areas, changes in the vineyard or cellar practices, and use of new rootstock × scion combinations. In this article, we provide an overview of the possible effects of climate change on grapevine physiology and berry quality and we describe the more important traits and the genetic variability that can be used in the adaptation process. We also present the modern techniques that can be used by researchers to identify the links between genomic information and behaviors in the field. Finally, we discuss the existing opportunities in the present grapevine collections and the strategies that can be used by breeders to create new varieties.</p>
Consideraciones previas a un metaanálisis
Authors: Cristi-Montero Carlos , Solís-Urra Patricio , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Fernando 
Published: September 2016

Recientemente ha sido publicada en su revista una interesante revisión sistemática con metaanálisis (MA) que aborda los beneficios del ejercicio intervalado de alta intensidad como terapia para disminuir los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en personas con síndrome metabólico (1). Según nuestro punto de vista, metodológicamente presenta cierta limitación que debiera ser aclarada con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad de este tipo de estudios en el futuro.
Assessment of Macro-Regional Net Back Prices for Heavy Oil Monetization: From Marañon Basin to the Talara Refinery
Authors: Bravo R. Cervantes , Chun N. Palacios , Huerta V. Alexei 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPrice policy is linked in each country to the development degree of its petroleum industry, the importance of the NOC's in its economy, national policy design, payments balance, control and collection policy; and a strategic vision regarding to the regulation levels and free market associated to cyclic conduct of the international prices of oil and their products. Thus, the margin obtained from prices structure in different markets is divided among oil companies and the State participation to guarantee the supply of fuel products to the final consumers.It should be noted that there is a common denominator in all the countries, the taxes to naphtha's is high, in less grade for the Gasoil and reduced in fuel oil. The importance of this is to point out a subsidy by the State from the less productive activities to the more productive ones in relation to the uses. However, this conception is limited to the raw material fixed to low international price as it was seen in this last period, where a drop of oil price of 70% results in a close reduction of 30% in fuels according an importing country scheme. This paradoxically would result in an opportunity to reduce the fluctuations in oil prices through fuel prices as long as there is an incorporation through the regional markets.This study case seeks to define a Macro-regional crude marker updated to fuel price FOB in connection with the "Norperuano pipeline" that transports heavy oils of 18° API from Marañon Basin to Talara Refinery, determining an optimum price of the ‘NET-BACK’ basket for crudes of the oilfields connected to this pipeline. This price will be determined from the valuation provided from the fuels basket in the intern market around the surrenders of the refinery. It will pass through processing cost of the refinery to its maximum capacity deducting a minimum refine margin to the setting of transportation costs, whose reduction will be associated to more using in its capacity through production increasing of heavy oils. This seeks to contract or activate the oil price in unfavorable conditions to the incorporation of upstream-downstream chain searching an optimum oil price.With an adequate estimate of macro-regional oil price in real time, it is expected to obtain balanced results between the profitability of Upstream and Downstream activity; to this, it is expected the reduction on transportation costs associated with production increasing. This will guarantee long-term investments according to contractual schemes, reducing the uncertainty of audited crude sales price, the royalties to be transferred to the society through canon and fuel prices accessible to final consumer.
Assessment of Cold Production Strategies to Revitalize Mature Heavy Oilfields in the Peruvian Jungle
Authors: Huerta Víctor A. , Palacios Nestor , Cervantes Reynaldo 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Mature heavy oilfields in the Peruvian jungle have been produced for more than 40 years with natural strong water drive assisted with ESPs. Primary recovery factor with cold production methods reached 15% in average, and ultimate recovery will arrive to 17% at economic limit of 98% water cut.
Traditional completion systems in mature Peruvian oilfields include both some deviated wells with ESPs inmmediatly above 7" liner hanger, and horizontal wells completed open hole; thus, selective production is not possible and water flow eventually breakthrough to the well while reducing relative permeability to oil and oil rates.
This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate cold production strategies to look for "new oil" in mature fields either by redefining completion technology alternatives or by applying new development schemes, which focus on delaying gas or water breakthrough, and avoiding by-pass oil. Based on experience and application in many oilfields in the region, some cold production strategies were identified as critical to bring new life to brown fields such as active inflow control devices (AICD), horizontal and multilateral wells from one slot and production optimization with real-time monitoring.
Many successful applications of AICDs with horizontal wells were reported worldwide, and some recent projects in sub-Andean basins have recorded successful results in Colombia and Ecuador (10% to 30% increase in cummulative oil production and 10% to 50% decrease in water production, during the first two years). In addition, preliminary numerical simulation studies for mature heavy oilfields in Peru shows 10% increase in cummulative oil production and 15% decrease in water production during the first two years.
On the other hand, automation and real-time monitoring of brown fields came up with a considerable reduction of downtime and production deferment (in between 65% and 85%) due to a proper planning of well interventions, as well as, an improved operational efficiency of equipment.
Active inflow control devices (AICD) allows equalizing the influx of oil and unwanted fluids (water or gas) by creating additional backpressure in zones that produces at higher rates. Heavy oil (higher viscosity fluid) takes a relatively non-restrictive path while water or gas (lower viscosity fluid) flows through a tortuous path causing a decrease in its flow rate. On the other hand, both horizontal and multilateral wells increase drainage area, sweep efficiency, well productivity and recovery factors while delaying water breakthrough. Finally, the transformation of a mature field into a digital oilfield means not only downtime and reduction of oil production deferment, but also, a better well production performance, protection of equipment and maximization of operational efficiency.
Application of Electrochemical Treatment Technology of Produced Water of a Heavy Oil Field, via Boron Doped Diamond BDD Electrode
Authors: Ghanem Hanadi , Rosiwal Stefan , Göltz Maximilian , Espin Douglas 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Electrochemical technologies are a promising alternative for the Oil Industry, for the treatment of formation water containing organic and inorganic contaminants. The main advantages of these technologies include environmental compatibility, versatility, energy efficiency, health & safety and selectivity. However, the effectiveness of the electrochemical approaches depends significantly on the electrode material and the cell parameters. Recently, BDD electrodes have shown a growing interest due to their unique ultra-wide electrochemical window with highest O2 and H2 over-potentials.
The current approach based on the application of boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode to treat electrochemically production water (PW) coming from a heavy oil field, was investigated in one-compartment electrolytic batch cell. Formation water is increasing more and more with the depletion of pressure and the age of many oil and gas fields. This formation water is characterized by high initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) due to their high level of organic content. Proper elimination of the high COD content from PW to be re-usable water streams for beneficial purposes such as irrigation water or correct disposal is becoming increasingly important for an environmental and human health in the Oil Industry.
The influence of primary settling treatment step and several operating parameters such as applied current density, supporting electrolyte (NaCl or Na2SO4), agitation and temperature on the COD removal efficiency from PW were investigated and the corresponding energy consumption value was also evaluated. The estimated COD removal efficiency was achieved with and without settling step between 90 and 100 % within treatment time of 5h - 7h by using applied current in the range of 5 - 12.5 mA/cm2, but the minimum absolute value of COD for the resulting water with and without settling step was achieved to be less than 0.09 mg/l and 75 mg/l, respectively by adding 3.5 g/l NaCl. However, the energy requirement for high removal efficiency without adding NaCl was 2.5 more than with NaCl into PW. Adding NaCl into PW decreases the energy consumption and increases the oxidation efficiency by promoting the electro-generation of active chlorine species in addition to hydroxyl radical. On the other hand, only 67 % removal efficiency of COD was achieved by adding 5.1 g/l Na2SO4 into PW which affect negatively the COD removal efficiency compared to PW without any supporting electrolyte.
The integration of electrochemical treatment step based on BDD electrodes after settling primary step, which is commonly used in industry, as a novel secondary treatment step will create a hybrid stable electrochemical system combining different electrochemical removal mechanism by BDD electrode as anode and cathode such as electro-oxidation, - reduction [1], -flotation, - coagulation and -disinfection simultaneously.
A Practical Guideline for Selection and Application of Chemical Treatments for Production Enhancement in Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Castro Leo U. , Morales Rosanel A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The process of extracting low gravity, heavy oil from production wells is a practice that can induce formation damage in the reservoir that can severely impact the productivity of a well. Often times, operators will attempt to stimulate production using traditional stimulation techniques which are not always effective or practical in heavy oil reservoirs. The objective of this document is to provide practical guidance for production engineers and well managers that may be unfamiliar with well stimulation in heavy oil environments.
Extensive field experience with heavy oil well remediation has provided key building blocks for maximizing production from heavy oil producers. This document details the common types of formation damage observed in cyclic steam and steamflood environments as well as in cold non-thermal wells. The methods used to identify the potential damage mechanisms rely primarily on decline curve analysis and where applicable, wet analysis in the lab. Once a proper determination has been made, a chemical treatment program to address the specific damage mechanism can then be designed.
In many cases, a lack of understanding of the damage mechanisms in play can lead to the application or mis-application of unconventional treatments that can damage a well even further. These actions could result in the premature abandonment of an oil well with recoverable and economically viable crude. With the proper knowledge and product application, production can often be restored to pre-damage producing levels, often with sizeable incremental gains.
The combined systematic approach of evaluating production profiles, produced fluids, making proper product selections, and selecting proper placement techniques provides a recipe for a greater chance of a successful chemical stimulation program and increased production.
A Low-Cost Completion Technique for Simultaneous Steam and CO2 Injection in Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Teodoriu C.. , Marquez A.. , Ichim A. C. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Steam injection is a known Enhanced Oil Recovery technique with application in heavy oil exploitation. The process is generating a rather high amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that according to the current climate regulatory initiatives should be reduced. CO2 injection to enhance heavy oil production is a known technique for such reservoirs. The technology of capturing CO2 has evolved today up to a point where it can also be applied to steam generators.
This work starts with a comprehensive review of most recent steam generator developments and their possibility of subsequently capturing CO2. Co-generation concepts will also be investigated and their potential to generate steam and CO2 for heavy oil enhanced recovery will be evaluated.
The thermal properties of CO2 are well known, and its critical state poses challenges in many injection applications. This low-cost completion is proposing a parallel injection of steam through tubing and CO2 through annular space. While injecting CO2 in a steam-heated well, the elevated temperature keeps the carbon dioxide gas away from its critical state. The gas will cool down the upper part of the well, especially the surface casing, avoiding cement damage and well integrity breaches.
This paper describes an economical completion technique that replaces the expensive thermal packer with a new budget-friendly design. This novel setup allows free tubing expansion and protects casing against high temperature through continuous gas circulation in the annulus. It also enables the simultaneously injection of combustion gases from steam generators or other gas supply. In this manner, substantial CO2 credit could be saved by operators while cutting completion expenses and environmental hazards at the same time.