bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the taxonomy and systematics of aigialosaurs
Authors: Dutchak A.R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAigialosaurs have been recognised as a group of semi-aquatic marine reptiles for over one hundred years. While the taxonomic status of aigialosaurs has changed little in the past century, the interfamilial relationships have been modified considerably making the phylogenetic relationships between aigialosaurs, mosasaurs, dolichosaurs, coniasaurs, varanids and other squamates a topic of much debate. The monophyly of the family Aigialosauridae has been contested by recent studies and remains highly questionable. The higher-level relationships of mosasauroids within Squamata remain problematic with studies placing mosasauroids outside of Varanidae, Varanoidea and even Anguimorpha. These findings conflict with earlier views that aigialosaurs (and by association mosasaurs) were closely related to Varanus. This study concludes that further descriptions of aigialosaur taxa are needed, and several key flaws need to be addressed in the data matrices that have been used in previous studies. This should facilitate the clarification of aigialosaur systematic relationships both within Mosasauroidea and Squamata.
Sea-surface temperatures and palaeoenvironments of dolichosaurs and early mosasaurs
Authors: Jacobs L.L. , Polcyn M.J. , Taylor L.H. , Ferguson K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe north-central Texas Cretaceous section and its contained fossils, as compared to sections at ‘Ein Yabrud in the eastern Mediterranean region, demonstrate that dolichosaurs and primitive mosasaurs inhabited marine environments at least from the intertidal zone to <100 m in depth. The small body size of dolichosaurs and primitive mosasaurs, and the association of Haasiasaurus with marine snakes at ‘Ein Yabrud, suggest similar temperature requirements to modern sea snakes and marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus), specifically sea-surface temperatures between approximately 20° and 30° С The Cenomanian and Turonian stages are characterised by widespread shallow seas with relatively high sea-surface temperatures extending to at least 45° N and 65° S latitude. The distribution of dolichosaurs, mosasaurs and snakes during this interval contradicts palaeoclimate models that predict high (>30° C) equatorial sea-surface temperatures and a steep latitudinal temperature gradient in the Northern Hemisphere.
Mosasaur ascending: the phytogeny of bends
Authors: Rothschild B.M. , Martin L.D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRecognition of decompression syndrome-related pathology (in the form of avascular necrosis) reveals diving behaviour in mosasaurs. Macroscopic and radiologic examination was performed to identify linear bone death characteristic of avascular necrosis in vertebrae from the major North American and European collections. This survey of mosasaurs extends throughout most of their geographic and stratigraphic range and includes examples across their diversity.Avascular necrosis was invariably present inPlatecarpus coryphaeusandP. ictericus, Tylosaurus proriger, Mosasaurus lemonnieriandM. conodon, Plioplatecarpus houzeauiandPl. primaevus, Prognathodon giganteus, Hainosaurus bernardiand an as yet unnamed Antarctic mosasaur. The frequency of occurrence in a given genus was independent of geography, present equally in European and North American and in the Niobara and Selma chalks. It was invariably absent fromClidastes propythonandC. liodontus, Ectenosaurus, Halisaurus and Kolposaurus.The bone pathology, avascular necrosis, has a characteristic distribution in seven genera and thirteen species of mosasaurs and is absent in five genera and seven species. It segregated according to diving habits, uniformly present in supposed deep divers and uniformly absent in the shallow-habitat group.
Feeding the Mechanical Mosasaur: what did Carinodens eat?
Authors: Schulp A.S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCarinodens is among the smallest known mosasaurs, and one of the most elusive at that. This enigmatic taxon is known from only two dentary fragments and just over a dozen of isolated teeth. Based on this material, an attempt is made to improve our understanding of the dietary habits of this mosasaur, by comparing tooth and jaw morphology to extant analogues, and by testing a biomechanical model with ‘feeding’ experiments using an artificial mosasaur jaw equipped with a force gauge. Carinodens appears to have been a durophagous mosasaur, capable of crushing small molluscs and arthropods, although its dietary habits may not necessarily have been limited to hard-shelled food.
Aggregate resources in the Netherlands
Authors: van der Meulen M.J. , van Gessel S.F. , Veldkamp J.G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe have built a 3D lithological model of the Netherlands, for the purpose of mapping on-land aggregate resources down to 50 m below the surface. The model consists of voxel cells (1000 ⋅ 1000 ⋅ 1 m), with lithological composition and aggregate content estimates as primary attributes. These attributes were derived from ∼350,000 borehole descriptions. Overburdens and intercalations of cohesive or otherwise non-dredgeable materials were taken into account to define geologically exploitable aggregates within the total stock. We arrive at about 520 ⋅ 109 m3 of aggregates occurring in the depth range investigated. Some 50% of this amount is considered geologically exploitable and about 25% would in principle (but largely not in reality) be accessible. Most aggregates resources (∼98%) are coarse sand, which is processed for use in concrete, masonry mortars, drains, filters, etc. The total exploitable stock of coarse sand in the depth range investigated amounts to roughly 7500 times the current annual consumption level, and is virtually indepletable. The gravel stock, estimated at some 12 ⋅ 109 m3, is small by comparison, and impels a dependency on imports.Exploitable aggregates occur in all but the coastal provinces. In accordance with current policy changes, the future may show a shift from concentrated production along the upstream Dutch Rhine and Meuse rivers towards a more even distribution of small-sized operations over the country. Fairly large aggregate stocks, that have not yet been exploited to significant extent, are available in the northern extent of the aggregates occurrences.
New geological data (Middle Triassic, Rhaetian-Liassic and Oligocene) of the Winterswijk quarry, the eastern Netherlands
Authors: Herngreen G.F.W. , van Konijnenburg - van Cittert J.H.A. , Oosterink H.W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe present publication deals with recent palynological results of a relatively small interval of Muschelkalk and exposures of the overlying clay deposits in the Winterswijk quarries. For the first time the Lower Muschelkalk Member in the Netherlands could be independently dated as Bithynian (Anisian, Middle Triassic). Contrary to widely accepted opinions the overlying almost black clay deposit is not Liassic but Rhaetian in age and it is assigned to the Sleen Shale Formation. This marginal marine clay which pinches out to the south, is in turn overlain by a light gray, full-marine Lower-Oligocene clay of the Rupel Formation. An anomalous occurrence of Liassic clay is now attributed to subrosion of Röt salt followed by collapse of the overlying Muschelkalk, Rhaetian and Lias strata.
New prospects in geomorphological and geological mapping of the Rhine-Meuse Delta - Application of detailed digital elevation maps based on laser altimetry
Authors: Berendsen H.J.A. , Volleberg K.P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOver the past 80 years, the Rhine-Meuse delta has been mapped extensively by drilling boreholes. These maps are compared with a new detailed digital elevation map of the Netherlands (AHN) that became available in 2004 and is based on very accurate, (sub-decimeter) laser-altimetry data. Examples show, that existing maps can be significantly improved. However, field checks remain a necessity. Therefore, the AHN-data need to be confronted with existing borehole descriptions using a GIS. Geomorphological analysis and geological interpretation of surface elevation patterns now enable us to map larger areas, in greater detail, with greater accuracy, and much faster. It is argued that detailed (≥1 : 50,000) geological mapping of the Netherlands should be resumed, combining the databases of Utrecht University, the National Geological Survey and Alterra.
Architecture of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta (the Netherlands) - A result of changing external controls
Authors: Gouw M.J.P. , Erkens G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta is formed under the influence of sea-level rise, tectonics, and variations in discharge and sediment supply. This paper aims to determine the relative importance of these external controls to improve our understanding of the evolution of the Rhine-Meuse fluvio-deltaic system. To do this, the geological and lithological composition of the fluvio-deltaic wedge has to be known in detail, both in space and time. This study presents five cross-valley sections in the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta, based on almost 2000 shallow borings. Over 130 14C dates provide detailed time control and are used to draw time lines in the sections. Distinct spatio-temporal trends in the composition of the Holocene fluvio-deltaic wedge were found. In the upstream delta, the Holocene succession is characterised by stacked channel belts encased in clastic flood basin deposits through which several palaeo-A-horizon levels are traceable. In a downstream direction, the fluvio-deltaic wedge thickens from 3 to 7 m. The Holocene succession in the downstream cross sections formed from <8000 cal yr BP onwards and is characterised by single channel belts encased in organic flood basin deposits. The main part of the organic beds accumulated between 6000 and 3000 cal yr BP. After 3000 cal yr BP, clastic deposition dominated throughout the delta, indicating an increase in the area of clastic sedimentation. The Holocene fluvio-deltaic wedge is subdivided into three segments based on the relative importance of eustatic sea-level rise, subsidence, and upstream controls (discharge and sediment supply). Before 5000 cal yr BP, eustatic sea-level rise controlled the build-up of the wedge. After eustatic sea-level rise ceased, subsidence was dominant from 5000 to 3000 cal yr BP. From 3000 cal yr BP onwards, increased sediment supply and discharge from the hinterland controlled the formation of the fluvio-deltaic wedge. A significant part of the present-day Rhine-Meuse fluvio-deltaic wedge aggraded after eustatic sea-level rise ceased. We therefore conclude that external controls other than eustatic sea-level rise were also of major importance for the formation of the fluvio-deltaic wedge. Because this is probably true for other aggrading fluvial systems at continental margins as well, all external controls should be addressed to when interpreting (ancient) fluvio-deltaic successions.
New stratigraphic insights in the ’Late Jurassic’ of the Southern Central North Sea Graben and Terschelling Basin (Dutch Offshore) and related exploration potential
Authors: Abbink O.A. , Mijnlieff H.F. , Munsterman D.K. , Verreussel R.M.C.H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMiddle Jurassic - Early Cretaceous strata are a target for oil and gas exploration in the Dutch offshore. During the initial stages of the ‘Late Jurassic’ offshore exploration, various oil fields and a few gas fields were discovered of which only one, the F3-FB field, proved to be economically viable. In the Northern Offshore of the Netherlands, latest Middle Jurassic (Callovian) - earliest Cretaceous (Ryazanian) strata are mostly limited to the Dutch Central Graben and Terschelling basins. Outside the Dutch Central Graben and the Terschelling Basin only thin veneers of these strata occur on the fringing highs such as the Schill Grund High and the Step Graben. The geology of this non-marine to shallow marine succession is complex. The combination of lateral facies changes, repetitive log and facies characteristics in time, sea-level and climate changes, salt tectonics and structural compartmentalisation hamper straightforward seismic interpretation and log correlation. The large number of lithostratigraphic units defined in the Stratigraphic Nomenclature of the Netherlands illustrates the complexity of this time-interval.In recent years, new biostratigraphic techniques and newly acquired stratigraphic data led to the identification of a series of events which can be related to the tectonic, climatic, environmental and stratigraphic development of the ‘Late Jurassic’ in the Dutch Central Graben and Terschelling basins. Based on these data, three stratigraphic sequences can be recognized. Sequence 1 (Callovian - earliest Kimmeridgian) records the initiation of the Dutch Central Graben, Sequence 2 (early Kimmeridgian - early Portlandian) that of the initiation of the Terschelling Basin. During sequence 3 (late Portlandian - Ryazanian) the Dutch offshore was draped by a regional transgression. These insights have directly impact on the exploration potential, which is discussed in two play concepts. The first is a strat-trap play in the fluvial/paralic sediments of Sequence 1 in the lows between the graben boundary and salt domes. The second example is the Spiculite play, which comprises a bioclastic sandstone reservoir at the top of a dome with a 4-way dip closure. These two examples highlight the necessity of understanding the paleoenvironment and geography for assessing the future exploration potential.
Geo (Im) pulse Caprovis savinii (Bovidae, Mammalia) rediscovered: horn core finds of an Early Pleistocene antelope from the North Sea floor
Authors: De Wilde B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFor more than 120 years since the name Caprovis savinii was founded on the basis of a bovid horn core from the ‘Forest Bed’ at Overstrand (Norfolk, UK), only one other find has been assigned to this species. Recently, two horn cores and one horn core fragment of the species have been discovered at two sand and gravel sorting centres in the Netherlands. The bone-bearing sediments are exposed on the North Sea floor, just off the coast of Great Yarmouth (Norfolk, UK). By comparing fossil and extant taxa, a classification within the bovid tribe Antilopini is proposed. Based on the accompanying fauna from the specific dredging area and the litho- and chronostratigraphy at Overstrand, C. savinii is placed within the Early Pleistocene.
Composition and genesis of rattlestones from Dutch soils as shown by Mössbauer spectroscopy, INAA and XRD
Authors: van Loef J.J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe chemical and mineralogical composition of rattlestones found near the main Dutch rivers has been studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy, INAA and XRD. Rattlestones are concretions of iron, formed in an environment of lateral iron accumulation, under the influence of periodical oxidation, around a fine core of ferruginous sediments, mainly clay and sand. The core has shrunk and detached itself from the mantle around it. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy was applied to identify the iron oxides, among which goethite is predominant. The goethite crystallinity was investigated by measuring its magnetic properties and its crystallinity, which is poorest at the outer side of the stone. The latter is confirmed by the broadening of the different X-ray reflections. In addition, illite and vermiculite were identified by XRD; these clay minerals were found mainly in the core.The elemental composition was determined by INAA. The iron content in the mantle is about 50% by weight and gradually decreases outwards, while the core contains 2–15% Fe by weight. Differences between rattlestones from the Middle Pleistocene East of the Meuse river and those from the Late Pleistocene North of it are the absence of lepidocrocite and a richer mineralogy in the former.It is concluded that the rattlestones are formed around a fine clayey core. Groundwater supplied the iron and other (trace) elements for the genesis. It is unlikely that rattlestones are the result of oxidation of siderite.
A review of the occurrence of Corbicula in the Pleistocene of
North-West Europe
Authors: Meijer T. , Preece R.C. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Shells belonging to the bivalve genus Corbicula
occur commonly in Pleistocene interglacial deposits in NW Europe. These have
usually been identified as C. fluminalis, a modern
species described from the Euphrates river, although the veracity of this specific
attribution remains equivocal. Corbicula has nowadays a
southern distribution, and laboratory studies indicate that it is thermophilous.
It is also tolerant of brackish water, one of several attributes that make this an
effective colonizer.
In NW Europe, Corbicula is known from the Lower
Pleistocene but is absent from the Cromerian Complex, occuring again in the three
interglacials following the Anglian/Elsterian. It appears to be unknown from the
last interglacial, except as derived fossils.
Last-interglacial records from central Asia to the northern Black Sea
shoreline: stratigraphy and correlation
Authors: Dodonov A.E. , Tchepalyga A.L. , Mihailescu C.D. , Zhou L.P. , Markova A.K. , Trubikhin V.M. , Simakova A.N. , Konikov E.G. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The records of the last interglacial in several palaeogeographical zones and
various sedimentary environments from Central Asia to the Black Sea shoreline are
presented. The last interglacial is characterized in the study areas by a two- or
three-unit stratigraphical complex with both terrestrial and marine formations.
Finds of significant small mammalian remains, together with a characteristic
mollusc fauna in the Karangatian marine sediments, provide key levels for
biostratigraphical correlation between the marine and continental deposits. New
U/Th dates allow the correlation of the Karangatian transgression with
δ18O substage 5e.
The Eemian interglacial in Sweden, and comparison with Finland
Authors: Robertsson Ann-Marie 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The current status of knowledge concerning the Eemian interglacial in Sweden
is surveyed, and comparisons are made with northern and western Finland. The
course of shore displacement is fragmentarily known for Sweden, since
brackish-marine sediments have been identified, on the basis of diatom analysis,
at only few sites. In Finland, on the other hand, a shoredisplacement curve has
been constructed for the Eemian Baltic Sea in Ostrobothnia, central western
Finland.
The vegetation history is summarised for the southernmost part of Sweden, and
can be correlated with that documented in Denmark. For the central part of Sweden,
information is sparse, but the composition of the forests has been outlined for
most of the interglacial, although information on regional pollen assemblage zones
E3 and E4 (early-temperate substage) are mainly missing. A more complete picture
of the interglacial vegetational history is known from Ostrobothnia in Finland.
The thermophilous indicators Viscum, Ilex, Hedera and
Osmunda grew far North during the Eemian.
Corylus and Carpinus
expanded much further to the North than during the Holocene. In Swedish and
Finnish Lapland, the vegetation history is similar except that
Larix was common in Finland during the Eemian, but
its presence has so far not been confirmed in Sweden.
Eemian deposits relocated during the Weichselian glaciation contain pollen
and diatoms that can be used for reconstruction of the Eemian environment. No
clear indication of a rapid climatic deterioration during the Eemian has been
found so far in either Swedish or Finnish sequences.
The Pleistocene drainage pattern in the Lower Rhine Basin
Authors: Boenigk W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDuring the Pleistocene the drainage pattern in the Lower Rhine Basin changed twice, from a flooding of the whole basin by the river Rhine from SW to NE to an influence restricted to the NE only.The first dominance of the river Rhine is documented from the Reuverian to the Tiglian, the second one in the Cromerian. In between this time, the Meuse River drained the central Lower Rhine Basin in NE direction. For the sediments of that river, the term ‘Holzweiler Formation’ is introduced. Since the Late Cromerian, the influence of the Rhine is again restricted to the NE of the Lower Rhine Basin. The central part of the basin is drained by small local rivers.
Neotectonic evolution and sediment budget of the Meuse catchment in the Ardennes and the Roer Valley Rift System
Authors: Van Balen R.T. , Houtgast R.F. , Van der Wateren F.M. , Vandenberghe J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUsing marine planation surfaces, fluvial terraces and a digital terrain model, the amount of eroded rock volume versus time for the Meuse catchment has been computed. A comparison of the amount of eroded volume with the volume of sediment preserved in the Roer Valley Rift System shows that 12% of the eroded volume is trapped in this rift. The neotectonic uplift evolution of the Ardennes is inferred from the incision history of the Meuse River system and compared to the subsidence characteristics of the Roer Valley Rift System. Both areas are characterized by an early Middle Pleistocene uplift event.
An evaluation of climate, crustal movement and base level controls on the Middle-Late Pleistocene development of the River Severn, U.K.
Authors: Maddy D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Pleistocene development of the lower Severn valley is recorded in the fluvial sediments of the Mathon and Severn Valley Formations and their relationship to the glacigenic Wolston (Oxygen Isotope Stage 12), Ridgacre (OIS 6) and Stockport (OIS 2) Formations. The most complete stratigraphical record is that of the Severn Valley Formation, which post-dates the Anglian Wolston Formation and comprises a flight of river terraces, the highest of which is c.50 m above the present river. The terrace staircase indicates that the Severn has progressively incised its valley during the post-Anglian period. The terrace sediments are predominantly composed of fluvially deposited sands and gravels, largely the result of deposition in high-energy rivers under cold-climate conditions. Occasionally towards the base of these terrace deposits low-energy fluvial facies are preserved which contain faunal remains and yield geochronology which support their correlation with interglacial conditions. This simple stratigraphy supports a climate-driven model for the timing of terrace aggradation and incision, with the incision mode at its most effective during the cold-warm transitions and the aggradational mode at its most effective during warm-cold climate transitions. The chronology of terrace aggradation in the lower Severn seems to correspond with the Milankovitch lOOka climate cycles. The timing of incision events suggests that base level (eustatic sea-level) changes do not play a significant role i.e. incision occurs as sea-level is rising.Although climate change is significant in governing the timing of incision, the long-term incision of the River Severn appears to be driven by crustal uplift. A long-term incision rate of 0.15 m ka1, calculated using the base of the terrace deposits, is believed to closely equate with the long-term uplift rate. Superimposed on this long-term uplift are periods of complex terrace sequence development resulting from rapid incision during periods of glacio-isostatic rebound, with large incision events reflecting the rebound adjustment to late glacial stage isostatic depression. However, in no case in the Severn valley has glacial encroachment led to enhanced incision, suggesting that there has been no additional uplift resulting from isostatic compensation for glacial erosion.