bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Sequential combination of parallel imaging and dynamic artificial sparsity framework for rapid free‐breathing golden‐angle radial dynamic MRI: K‐T ARTS‐GROWL
Authors: Chen Zhifeng , Kang Liyi , Xia Ling , Wang Qiuliang , Li Yi , Hu Xinning , Liu Feng , Huang Feng 
Published: October 2017

PurposeTo develop and validate a fast dynamic MR imaging scheme. A novel approach termed K‐T ARTificial Sparsity enhanced GROWL (K‐T ARTS‐GROWL) is proposed that integrates dynamic artificial sparsity and GROWL‐based parallel imaging (PI).MethodsGolden‐angle radial k‐space data are acquired with the free‐breathing sampling scheme and then sorted into a time series by grouping consecutive spokes into temporal frames. The reconstruction framework sequentially applies PI and dynamic artificial sparsity. In the implementation, GROWL is taken as a special PI instance for its high computational efficiency and the K‐T sparse is exploited to improve the PI reconstruction performance, because the dynamic MR images are often sparse in the x‐f domain. In the final reconstruction procedure, artificial sparsity is constructed and fed back to the previous reconstruction.ResultsThe K‐T ARTS‐GROWL results in high spatial and temporal resolution reconstructions. By exploiting dynamic artificial sparsity, the acceleration capability is further improved compared to the PI alone. The experimental results demonstrate that K‐T ARTS‐GROWL leads to significantly better image quality (P < 0.05) than the frame‐by‐frame GROWL and frame‐by‐frame ARTS‐GROWL for in vivo liver imaging. Compared with the tested K‐T reconstruction algorithms, the K‐T ARTS‐GROWL results in a better or comparable image quality and temporal resolution with greatly decreased computational costs.ConclusionThe proposed technique enables sparse, fast imaging of high spatial, high temporal resolutions for dynamic MRI.
Low‐dose CT perfusion with projection view sharing
Authors: Martin Thomas , Hoffman John , Alger Jeff R. , McNitt‐Gray Michael , Wang Danny JJ 
Published: October 2017

PurposeCT Perfusion (CTP) is a widely used clinical imaging modality. However, CTP typically involves the use of substantial radiation dose (CTDIvol ≥~200 mGy). The purpose of this study is to present a low‐dose CTP technique using a projection view‐sharing reconstruction algorithm originally developed for dynamic MRI — “K‐space Weighted Image Contrast” (KWIC).MethodsThe KWIC reconstruction is based on an angle‐bisection scheme. In KWIC, a Fourier transform was performed along each projection to form a “k‐space”‐like CT data space, based on the central‐slice theorem. As a projection view‐sharing technique, KWIC preserves the spatiotemporal resolution of undersampled CTP data by progressively increasing the number of projection views shared for more distant regions of “k‐space”. KWIC reconstruction was evaluated on a digital FORBILD head phantom with numerically simulated time‐varying objects. The numerically simulated scans were undersampled using the angle‐bisection scheme to achieve 50%, 25%, and 12.5% of the original dose (288, 144, and 72 projections, respectively). The area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC), time‐to‐peak (TTP), and full width half maximum (FWHM) were measured in KWIC recons and compared to fully sampled filtered back projection (FBP) reconstructions. KWIC reconstruction and dose reduction was also implemented for three clinical CTP cases (45 s, 1156 projections per turn, 1 s/turn, CTDIvol 217 mGy). Quantitative perfusion metrics were computed and compared between KWIC reconstructed CTP data and those of standard FBP reconstruction.ResultsThe AUC, TTP, and FWHM in the numerical simzulations were unaffected by the undersampling/dose reduction (down to 12.5% dose) with KWIC reconstruction compared to the fully sampled FBP reconstruction. The normalized root‐mean‐square‐error (NRMSE) of the AUC in the FORBILD head phantom is 0.04, 0.05, and 0.07 for 50%, 25%, and 12.5% KWIC, respectively, as compared to FBP reconstruction. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume had no significant difference between FBP and 50%, 25%, and 12.5% KWIC reconstructions (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that KWIC preserves perfusion metrics for CTP with substantially reduced dose. Clinical implementation will require further investigation into methods of rapid switching of a CT x‐ray source.
Distinct Metabolic Profiles are Associated with Colorectal Adenomas and Serrated Polyps
Authors: Fliss‐Isakov Naomi , Zelber‐Sagi Shira , Webb Muriel , Halpern Zamir , Shibolet Oren , Kariv Revital 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivePrevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) by colonoscopy is recommended according to age and personal/familial history. Metabolic alterations are associated with colorectal adenomas, but data are scarce regarding serrated polyps and advanced polyps. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between metabolic alterations and colorectal polyp type and advanced polyps.MethodsA case‐control study was conducted among consecutive subjects, 40 to 70 years old, who underwent screening/diagnostic colonoscopy from 2010 to 2015. Subjects who were treated for diabetes, who had a family/personal history of CRC, and who were at high risk for CRC were excluded. Participants underwent anthropometric, laboratory, and ultrasonographic evaluations and a medical and lifestyle interview. Polyps were histologically classified as adenomatous or serrated polyps and divided into advanced and non‐advanced categories.ResultsThe study included 828 participants (58.4 ± 6.6 years, 50.4% men). Abdominal obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.20‐2.30), hypertension (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.03‐2.09), and a high glycosylated hemoglobin percentage (HbA1c%) (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06‐2.34) were independently associated with colorectal adenomas, whereas a high triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio was independently associated with serrated polyps (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.32‐4.03). A combination of three metabolic alterations was strongly associated with colorectal polyps.ConclusionsAbdominal obesity, hypertension, and a high HbA1c% are independently associated with adenomas, whereas a high TG/HDL ratio is associated with serrated polyps. These parameters are easily accessible in clinical practice and may help define high‐risk groups for CRC.
Change in Physical Activity During a Weight Management Intervention for Breast Cancer Survivors: Association with Weight Outcomes
Authors: Fazzino Tera L. , Fabian Carol , Befort Christie A. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThis study examined the effects of a group phone‐based weight management intervention on change in physical activity as measured via accelerometer and self‐report in rural breast cancer survivors. The study also evaluated the role of physical activity on clinically meaningful cut points for weight loss (baseline to 6 months) and weight loss maintenance (6 to 18 months).MethodsParticipants were breast cancer survivors in a weight management intervention who provided valid weight and accelerometer data (N = 142). Participants were categorized into four groups based on weight loss ≥10% and weight regain ≥5% at 18 months.ResultsAccelerometer‐measured moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) significantly increased from baseline to 6 months (+46.9 minutes). MVPA declined during maintenance but remained significantly greater than baseline. Self‐reported MVPA followed a similar pattern as accelerometer MVPA, but estimates were significantly higher. Participants in the high loss, low regain group had significantly higher MVPA at all points.ConclusionsA distance‐based weight management intervention for survivors improved physical activity outcomes over 18 months. Self‐reported physical activity was substantially higher than accelerometer measured. Findings highlight the importance of device‐based measurement for characterizing the magnitude of physical activity change as well as the role of physical activity in weight management outcomes.
Morphological and Functional Changes in the Peritumoral Adipose Tissue of Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Zoico Elena , Rizzatti Vanni , Darra Elena , Budui Simona Luciana , Franceschetti Guido , Vinante Fabrizio , Pedrazzani Corrado , Guglielmi Alfredo , De Manzoni Giovanni , Mazzali Gloria , Rossi Andrea Petronio , Fantin Francesco , Zamboni Mauro 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe role of peritumoral adipose tissue (AT) has not been extensively studied in colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsThis study was conducted in 20 male subjects undergoing elective surgery for CRC. The differences between the peritumoral visceral adipose tissue (P‐VAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of the patients were described via immunohistochemistry and molecular biology analyses. The interactions between adipocytes and a colon cancer cell line were also investigated by using anin vitrococulture system.ResultsThe analyses revealed that adipocytes near the tumor were significantly smaller than the adipocytes from other sites. The P‐VAT was preferentially infiltrated by a CD68+/CD163+/IDO‐ macrophage subset with a prevalent reparative inflammatory response, while the macrophages identified in VAT and SAT mainly presented inflammatory features. Furthermore, the P‐VAT presented a higher expression of adiponectin compared with other sites. Morphological analysisin vitroshowed that after a few days of coculture, 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were reduced in number and size with an increase in lipolysis rate and dedifferentiation phenomena.ConclusionsThis study reveals important morphological and functional changes in the AT surrounding the tumor as an increase in lipolysis and in adiponectin‐producing adipocytes, preferentially infiltrated by a macrophage subset, with prevalent reparative inflammatory response.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Adiposity, and Cancer Mortality in Men
Authors: Vainshelboim Baruch , Chen Zhongming , Lee Yvonne Nicole , Sorayya Aryo , Kokkinos Peter , Nead Kevin T. , Chester Cariad , Myers Jonathan 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThis study sought to evaluate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cancer mortality in men with overweight and obesity.MethodsMaximal exercise testing was performed in 3,610 men (58.8 ± 17.5 years) (n = 2,100 with overweight and n = 1,510 with obesity) free from malignancy at baseline who were followed for 12.3 ± 7.4 years. Body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2 for overweight and ≥ 30.0 for obesity categories was used. Hazard ratios and population‐attributable risks (PAR) were determined.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period, 11.1% and 9.1% died from cancer among those who had overweight and obesity, respectively. CRF had an inverse and graded association with cancer mortality. Compared with low CRF (< 5 metabolic equivalents), moderate and high CRF levels were associated with 48% and 79% reduced risks for cancer mortality in men who had overweight (P < 0.001) and 55% and 83% lower risks in those who had obesity (P < 0.001), respectively. Low CRF had PARs of 9.3% and 10.5% for cancer mortality in subjects who had overweight and obesity, respectively.ConclusionsAmong men with overweight and obesity, higher CRF is associated with lower cancer mortality. Eliminating low CRF as a risk factor would potentially prevent a considerable number of cancer deaths and reduce the associated societal and economic burden in these high‐risk populations.
Effect of Adolescent Bariatric Surgery on the Brain and Cognition: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pearce Alaina L. , Mackey Eleanor , Cherry J. Bradley C. , Olson Alexandra , You Xiaozhen , Magge Sheela N. , Mietus‐Snyder Michele , Nadler Evan P. , Vaidya Chandan J. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveNeurocognitive deficits in pediatric obesity relate to poor developmental outcomes. We sought preliminary evidence for changes in brain and cognitive functioning relevant to obesogenic behavior following vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) in adolescents relative to wait‐listed (WL) and healthy controls (HC).MethodsThirty‐six adolescents underwent fMRI twice 4 months apart, during executive, reward, and episodic memory encoding, in addition to behavioral testing for reward‐related decision making.ResultsVSG adolescents lost weight, while WL gained weight and HC did not change between time points. Gains in executive and reward‐related performance were larger in VSG than control groups. Group × Time interaction (P < 0.05 corrected) in left prefrontal cortex during N‐back showed greater presurgical activation and postsurgical reduction comparable to HC levels but increased in WL between time points. Similarly, left striatal parametric response to reward value reduced after surgery to HC levels; WL did not change. Memory‐related medial temporal activation did not change in any group.ConclusionsResults provide pilot evidence for functional brain changes induced by VSG in adolescents with severe obesity. Weight loss and gain were paralleled by reduced and increased prefrontal activation, respectively, suggesting neural plasticity related to metabolic change.
A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Study of Technology‐Based Weight Loss Interventions among Endometrial Cancer Survivors
Authors: Haggerty Ashley F. , Hagemann Andrea , Barnett Matthew , Thornquist Mark , Neuhouser Marian L. , Horowitz Neil , Colditz Graham A. , Sarwer David B. , Ko Emily M. , Allison Kelly C. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test the efficacy of technology‐based weight loss interventions for endometrial cancer (EC) survivors with obesity.MethodsEC survivors with obesity (n = 196) from three medical centers completed assessments for knowledge of obesity as a risk for EC and interest in weight management. Forty‐one women were randomized to a 6‐month intervention: telemedicine with Wi‐Fi scales, text messaging (texting), or enhanced usual care (EUC). Changes in anthropometrics and psychosocial measures were analyzed.ResultsOne‐third of survey participants lacked awareness that obesity increased the risk of EC, and 40% misclassified their body mass. There were no significant differences in weight loss across interventions (mean = −4.4 kg, SD = 6.5 kg). Telemedicine showed improvements in physical health and cancer‐related body image (Ps = 0.04) compared to texting and in sexual functioning compared to EUC (P = 0.03). Total physical activity was increased in EUC compared with telemedicine (P = 0.01), and vigorous physical activity was increased in EUC compared with both interventions (P = 0.01‐0.03); walking significantly increased in texting compared with telemedicine (P = 0.02).ConclusionsTechnology‐based lifestyle interventions in EC survivors with obesity were accessible and resulted in weight loss and improved quality of life. EUC also produced weight loss, demonstrating a potential for beginning weight management with information on specific diet and exercise goals.
Evaluation of patritumab with or without erlotinib in combination with standard cytotoxic agents against pediatric sarcoma xenograft models
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Abhik , Favours Edward , Phelps Doris A. , Pozo Vanessa Del , Ghilu Samson , Kurmashev Dias , Michalek Joel , Trevino Aron , Guttridge Denis , London Cheryl , Hirotani Kenji , Zhang Ling , Kurmasheva Raushan T. , Houghton Peter J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundIntegrating molecularly targeted agents with cytotoxic drugs used in curative treatment of pediatric cancers is complex. An evaluation was undertaken with the ERBB3/Her3‐specific antibody patritumab (P) either alone or with the ERBB1/epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib (E) in combination with standard cytotoxic agents, cisplatin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide, in pediatric sarcoma xenograft models that express receptors and ligands targeted by these agents.ProceduresTumor models were selected based upon ERBB3 expression and phosphorylation, and ligand (heregulin) expression. Patritumab, E, or these agents combined was evaluated without or with concomitant cytotoxic agents using procedures developed by the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program.ResultsFull doses of cytotoxic agents were tolerated when combined with P, whereas dose reductions of 25% (vincristine, cisplatin) or 50% (cyclophosphamide) were required when combined with P + E. Patritumab, E alone, or in combination did not significantly inhibit growth of any tumor model, except for Rh18 xenografts (E alone). Patritumab had no single‐agent activity and marginally enhanced the activity of vincristine and cisplatin only in Ewing sarcoma ES‐4. P + E did not increase the antitumor activity of vincristine or cisplatin, whereas dose‐reduced cyclophosphamide was significantly less active than cyclophosphamide administered at its maximum tolerated dose when combined with P + E.ConclusionsP had no single‐agent activity, although it marginally potentiated the activity of vincristine and cisplatin in one of three models studied. However, the addition of E necessitated dose reduction of each cytotoxic agent, abrogating the enhancement observed with P alone.
Comparison of first‐tier cell‐free DNA screening for common aneuploidies with conventional publically funded screening
Authors: Langlois Sylvie , Johnson JoAnn , Audibert François , Gekas Jean , Forest Jean‐Claude , Caron André , Harrington Keli , Pastuck Melanie , Meddour Hasna , Tétu Amélie , Little Julian , Rousseau François 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates the impact of offering cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) screening as a first‐tier test for trisomies 21 and 18.MethodsThis is a prospective study of pregnant women undergoing conventional prenatal screening who were offered cfDNA screening in the first trimester with clinical outcomes obtained on all pregnancies.ResultsA total of 1198 pregnant women were recruited. The detection rate of trisomy 21 with standard screening was 83% with a false positive rate (FPR) of 5.5% compared with 100% detection and 0% FPR for cfDNA screening. The FPR of cfDNA screening for trisomies 18 and 13 was 0.09% for each. Two percent of women underwent an invasive diagnostic procedure based on screening or ultrasound findings; without the cfDNA screening, it could have been as high as 6.8%. Amongst the 640 women with negative cfDNA results and a nuchal translucency (NT) ultrasound, only 3 had an NT greater or equal to 3.5 mm: one had a normal outcome and two lost their pregnancy before 20 weeks.ConclusionscfDNA screening has the potential to be a highly effective first‐tier screening approach leading to a significant reduction of invasive diagnostic procedures. For women with a negative cfDNA screening result, NT measurement has limited clinical utility.
Visible light‐induced RAFT polymerization of methacrylates with benzaldehyde derivatives as organophotoredox catalysts
Authors: Yang Qian , Zhang Xianhong , Ma Wenchao , Ma Yuhong , Chen Dong , Wang Li , Zhao Changwen , Yang Wantai 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe benzaldehyde derivatives, such as 2,4‐dimethoxy benzaldehyde (PC1) and p‐anisaldehyde (PC2), were successfully used as photoredox catalysts (PCs) in combination with typical RAFT agent 4‐cyano‐4‐(phenylcarbonothioylthio)pentanoic acid (CTP) for the controlled photoinduced electron transfer RAFT polymerization (PET‐RAFT) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and benzyl methacrylate (BnMA) at room temperature. The kinetics of the polymerizations showed first order with respect to monomer conversions. Besides, the average number molecular weights (Mn) of the produced polymers increased linearly with the monomer conversions and kept relatively narrow polydispersity (PDI = Mw/Mn). For example, the Mn of PMMA increased from about 3400 to 17,300 g mol−1 with the increasing in monomer conversion from 11% to 85%, and the PDI maintained around 1.36. The living features of polymerizations with the PC1 and PC2 as catalysts have also been further supported by chain extension and synthesis of PMMA‐b‐PBnMA diblock copolymer. As a result, the simplicity and efficiency of benzaldehyde derivatives catalyzed PET‐RAFT polymerization have been demonstrated under mild conditions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 229–236
Hydrogen bonding improved atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate with a glycerol/1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐imidazolidinone green system
Authors: Tian Mengying , Wang Jirong , Zhou Jun , Han Jianyu , Du Feipeng , Xue Zhigang 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT1,3‐Dimethyl‐2‐imidazolidinone (DMI) was used as an efficient media in iron‐catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerizations (ATRPs) and AGET ATRPs of MMA. Both of these systems presented relatively high reaction rate and well controllability even in the presence of limited amount of DMI. In iron‐catalyzed AGET ATRPs, a variety of alcohols were served as reducing agents and all the polymerizations behaved excellent activity features, especially for glycerol. The hydrogen‐bond interaction between DMI and glycerol was also studied, which may release the reducing ability of glycerol by decreasing the viscosity of glycerol similar to deep eutectic solvents (DESs). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 282–289
Molecular correlates in urine for the obesity and prostatic inflammation of BPH/LUTS patients
Authors: Tyagi Pradeep , Motley Saundra S. , Koyama Tatsuki , Kashyap Mahendra , Gingrich Jeffrey , Yoshimura Naoki , Fowke Jay H. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is strongly associated with obesity and prostatic tissue inflammation, but the molecular underpinning of this relationship is not known. Here, we examined the association between urine levels of chemokines/adipokines with histological markers of prostate inflammation, obesity, and lower urinary tract symptoms LUTS in BPH patients.MethodsFrozen urine specimens from 207 BPH/LUTS patients enrolled in Nashville Men's Health Study were sent for blinded analysis of 11 analytes, namely sIL‐1RA, CXC chemokines (CXCL‐1, CXCL‐8, CXCL‐10), CC chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL5), PDGF‐BB, interleukins IL‐6, IL‐17, and sCD40L using Luminex™ xMAP® technology. After adjusting for age and medication use, the urine levels of analytes were correlated with the scales of obesity, prostate inflammation grade, extent, and markers of lymphocytic infiltration (CD3 and CD20) using linear regression.ResultssIL‐1RA levels were significantly raised with higher BMI, waist circumference and waist‐hip ratio in BPH patients after correction for multiple testing (P = 0.02). Men with greater overall extent of inflammatory infiltrates and maximal CD3 infiltration were marginally associated with CXCL‐10 (P = 0.054) and CCL5 (P = 0.054), respectively. CCL3 in 15 patients with moderate to severe grade inflammation was marginally associated with maximal CD20 infiltration (P = 0.09), whereas CCL3 was undetectable in men with mild prostate tissue inflammation. There was marginal association of sCD40L with AUA‐SI scores (P = 0.07).ConclusionsStrong association of sIL‐1RA in urine with greater body size supports it as a major molecular correlate of obesity in the urine of BPH patients. Increased urine levels of CXCL‐10, CCL5, and CCL3 were marginally associated with the scores for prostate tissue inflammation and lymphocytic infiltration. Overall, elevated urinary chemokines support that BPH is a metabolic disorder and suggest a molecular link between BPH/LUTS and prostatic inflammation.