bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete-time hybrid control with risk-sensitive discounted costs
Authors: Blancas-Rivera Rubén , Jasso-Fuentes Héctor 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper studies discrete-time hybrid control problems where the controller’s payoff function follows a risk-sensitive discounted model. The associated discount factor can depend on state and action variables, which can even take values of zero or one. We prove the existence of optimal control policies under two different hypotheses. The following technique is the dynamic programming method, where we characterize the minimum cost as the solution of the so-called dynamic programming equations and find the above optimal policies through these equations. We illustrate our theory with practical examples involving inventory-manufacturing systems, and pollution management.
Microbial carbon utilization in a boreal lake under the combined pressures of brownification and eutrophication: insights from a field experiment
Authors: Jones Kevin , Liess Antonia , Sjöstedt Johanna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Climate and land use changes can increase terrestrial runoff to aquatic systems, leading to brownification and eutrophication in northern boreal lakes. Brownification may boost bacterial respiration and production, while eutrophication can enhance primary production and algal blooms. However, their combined effects on basal producers and bacterial carbon utilization are less understood. This study explores the combined impacts of the two stressors: brownification and eutrophication on microbial dynamics in Lake Bolmen. Utilizing a field mesocosm experimental design, treatments received different combinations of organic matter (OM) and inorganic nutrients to simulate predicted future scenarios. Results showed that OM additions significantly increased bacterial production and respiration, regardless of nutrient additions. Nutrient additions enhanced bacterial production but did not affect respiration. Both nutrients and OM stimulated bacterial growth efficiency. Labile carbon from DOM was the main driver of higher bacterial respiration and short-term production increases. Fluorescence data indicated that the combination of brownification and eutrophication led to higher terrestrial DOM utilization than each stressor alone. The study suggests that future boreal lakes may become more heterotrophic, thus increasing CO2 release. These findings highlight the complex interactions between DOM and nutrients and underscore the importance of considering multiple stressors in lake management and mitigation strategies.
Windmills of the Minds: A Hopping Algorithm for Fermat’s Two Squares Theorem
Authors: Chan Hing Lun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFermat’s two squares theorem asserts that a prime one more than a multiple of 4 is a sum of two squares. There are many proofs of this gem in number theory, including a remarkable one-sentence proof by Don Zagier based on two involutions on a finite set built from such a prime. Applying the two involutions alternatively leads to an iterative algorithm to find the two squares for the prime. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the computation reveals that it is possible to jump through the iteration nodes, leading to a better hopping algorithm. Here is a formalisation of Zagier’s proof, deriving the involutions using windmill patterns. Theories developed for the formal proof are used to establish the correctness of both algorithms.
Total Positivity and Accurate Computations Related to q-Abel Polynomials
Authors: Khiar Y. , Mainar E. , Royo-Amondarain E. , Rubio B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe attainment of accurate numerical solutions of ill-conditioned linear algebraic problems involving totally positive matrices has been gathering considerable attention among researchers over the last years. In parallel, the interest of q-calculus has been steadily growing in the literature. In this work the q-analogue of the Abel polynomial basis is studied. The total positivity of the matrix of change of basis between monomial and q-Abel bases is characterized, providing its bidiagonal factorization. Moreover, well-known high relative accuracy results of Vandermonde matrices corresponding to increasing positive nodes are extended to the decreasing negative case. This further allows to solve with high relative accuracy several algebraic problems concerning collocation, Wronskian and Gramian matrices of q-Abel polynomials. Finally, a series of numerical tests support the presented theoretical results and illustrate the goodness of the method where standard approaches fail to deliver accurate solutions.
Learning to see the world in which we live
Authors: Alweiss Lilian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article pays heed to Klaus Held’s work by focusing on his last book Die Geburt der Philosophie bei den Griechen. The article shows that the book brings together two central themes that occupied Held throughout. First, how the birth of philosophy coincides with the birth of the polis (the political world) and second, how the pre-Socratics gave philosophical credence to the world in which we live, a world which Husserl later calls the “life world.” Through a novel and unorthodox reading of Parmenides, Held shows that the option is not between two paths: the path of truth and the path of doxa. Instead Parmenides shows that there is only one path: The path of truth is the path of doxa. It is this insight that allows Held to argue that philosophy needs to pay heed to the world in which we live. This is the world as it appears and matters to us. Held thus believes that we learn from the pre-Socratics that the ecological crisis we face today of philosophical significance.
Homeownership Decisions in the Bust
Authors: Fischer Marcel , Khorunzhina Natalia , Marx Julie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study the transition in and out of homeownership during the 2008 housing market bust, using detailed micro-level data covering the entire Danish population. We document that homeownership decisions for certain groups of households are cyclical. Households which are affected more by falling house prices reduced their likelihood of acquiring a home during the bust more than other households. These households are characterized by lower levels of net worth, lower income, less education, are singles, and younger. Combined with younger households abandoning homeownership more during the bust, the bust contributed to a significant inter-generational shift in homeownership from younger to older households.
Evaluation of Urbanization Influences on Beach Sediment Contamination with Heavy Metals Along the Littoral Zone of Alexandria City, Egypt
Authors: Mostafa Mouataz T. , El-Nady Habash , Gomaa Ramadan M. , Salman Salman A. , Khalifa Ibrahim H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe western coastal area of Alexandria City, Egypt, faces significant environmental challenges due to heavy metal (HM) contamination in beach sediments, driven by intensive urbanization, tourism, commercial harbors, and industrial activities. Therefore, this study focuses on geochemically assessing HM levels in sediment samples from 28 sites and employed various descriptive and multivariate statistical approaches, pollution indices, and sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) to identify pollution hotspots, define contamination grades, and assess the quality of beach sediments. The average concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were 25.7, 30, 2.2, 7.5, 2.9, and 8.0 times, respectively, compared to the geochemical background (carbonate sedimentary rocks). et al.-Hanuvil Beach, relatively elevated contents of these metals were recorded. In addition, samples showed Zn levels higher than the corresponding probable effect concentration (PEC) and effect range medium (ERM) values, suggesting adverse impacts on biota. The principal component (PC) analysis revealed the anthropogenic origin of Cd, Co, and Pb in PC1, the mixed origin of Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn in PC2, and the natural source of Fe in PC3. According to the applied single pollution indices, HM contamination grades were ranked in ascending order of Mn < Fe < Cr < Cd < Cu < Pb < Zn < Co. In conclusion, the HMs (Cu, Zn, Cd, Co, Pb, and Cr) in the study area are anthropogenic, attributed mainly to untreated discharge of municipal and industrial wastewater and solid wastes, atmospheric deposition of air pollutants, and tourism activities.
Predicting USCS soil texture classes utilizing soil spectra and deep learning
Authors: Kasaragod Anush Kumar , Thomas Jobin , Oommen Thomas , Williams Ryan , Paheding Sidike , Angulo Abel Reyes , Ewing Jordan , Cole Michael , Jayakumar Paramsothy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Soil texture identification is vital for various agricultural and engineering applications but generally involves rigorous laboratory work, especially for estimating USCS (Unified Soil Classification System) soil texture classes. Soil texture influences soil water storage capacity, soil fertility, compaction characteristics, and soil strength. Soil spectroscopy offers a reliable approach that is non-destructive, rapid, and cost-effective to estimate several soil properties including texture. For engineering applications, the USCS soil texture classes are preferred, but very few studies have focussed on estimating USCS soil texture using soil spectroscopy or remote sensing data in general.

Methods
Two large soil spectral libraries (SSLs), viz., Kellog Soil Spectral Library (KSSL) and Open-source Soil Spectral Library (OSSL), as well as three deep learning algorithms (VGG-16, ResNet-16, and Swin transformers), were used in this study to predict six USCS soil texture classes and three USCS soil texture groups. The USCS soil texture classes and groups were derived by grouping clay, sand, and silt fractions that are closely associated with the corresponding USCS soil texture classes.

Results
The results indicate that the Swin transformer model performed the best with an accuracy of 67% for six USCS soil texture class predictions and 81% for three USCS soil texture group predictions. Cohen’s kappa value implies a moderate agreement (0.55) for soil texture class predictions and a substantial agreement (0.64) for soil texture group predictions.

Conclusion
The proposed methodology offers a novel approach for USCS soil texture class predictions utilizing SSLs and deep learning techniques.
Cortex level connectivity between ACT-R modules during EEG-based n-back task
Authors: Das Chakladar Debashis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFinding the synchronization between Electroencephalography (EEG) and human cognition is an essential aspect of cognitive neuroscience. Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) is a widely used cognitive architecture that defines the cognitive and perceptual operations of the human mind. This study combines the ACT-R and EEG-based cortex-level connectivity to highlight the relationship between ACT-R modules during the EEG-based n-back task (for validating working memory performance). Initially, the source localization method is performed on the EEG signal, and the mapping between ACT-R modules and corresponding brain scouts (on the cortex surface) is performed. Once the brain scouts are identified for ACT-R modules, then those scouts are called ACT-R scouts. The linear (Granger Causality: GC) and non-linear effective connectivity (Multivariate Transfer Entropy: MTE) methods are applied over the scouts’ time series data. From the GC and MTE analysis, for all n-back tasks, information flow is observed from the visual-to-imaginal ACT-R scout for storing the visual stimuli (i.e., input letter) in short-term memory. For 2 and 3-back tasks, causal flow exists from imaginal to retrieval ACT-R scout and vice-versa. Causal flow from procedural to the imaginal ACT-R scout is also observed for all workload levels to execute the set of productions. Identifying the relationship among ACT-R modules through scout-level connectivity in the cortical surface facilitates the effects of human cognition in terms of brain dynamics.
(FOR: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports) Revisiting Intravesical Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Sweeney Tara , Matthews Michael , Rovner Eric S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) remains an option for the treatment of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) in select patients. This review will discuss the mechanism of action and the role of intravesical DMSO cocktail therapy, as well as outcomes and adverse events for this therapy.

Recent Findings
Several, but not all historical studies have demonstrated some efficacy for DMSO in the treatment of BPS/IC symptoms including pain and lower urinary tract symptoms such as urgency and frequency. Although DMSO appears superior to placebo, there remain few well-done studies demonstrating support for DMSO use versus other intravesical or alternative BPS/IC treatments. AUA guidelines regarding the role of DMSO have been recently updated.

Summary
Despite a long history of utilization in the treatment of BPS/IC, the literature supporting its use is not particularly robust. Current AUA guidelines support DMSO as an option in selected patients with a modest level of evidence.
Generalisation of the hydrodynamics model method for hot and cold strip rolling application
Authors: Mimoune Derrez , Zaaf Mohamed , Balan Tudor , Lemmoui Abdennacer 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present work constitutes a generalization of the hydrodynamic model used to predict the pressures and the rolling speeds during the hot rolling of aluminum and copper strips. The hydrodynamic model with a linear behavior (Newton viscous) of the materials shows good predictions in the literature but its applicability is questionable in non-linear cases, when the materials exhibit viscoplastic or plastic behavior. This work extends the model to accommodate non-linear cases commonly encountered in rolling models (viscoplastic and plastic behaviors). The obtained results are in good agreement with experimental data from the literature. The validated model can, therefore, be considered an enhanced hydrodynamic model for predicting pressures and velocities during both hot and cold rolling of thin strips.
K-means for earthquakes: disaggregation analyses of small events by considering wave components and soil types
Authors: Zacchei Enrico , Brasil Reyolando 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, k-means algorithm has been used to disaggregate seismic parameters to evaluate their inter-correlations. A goal is to quantify in a disaggregated way the weights and effects of each parameter with respect to other ones. From the database, about 4900.0 data, divided into 22.0 categories, have been collected. The main divisions regard the wave components in horizontal and vertical axis and the soil characteristics. The studied seismic zone is the “Norpirenaica oriental,” placed in the Pyrenees area between Spain and France, classified as a very high seismic hazard. Numerical and analytical analyses have been carried out to implement the algorithm. Preliminary analyses and results would quantify the role of the sand horizontal stratigraphy, the non-linear effects, the elasticity of the soil, and the energy damping phenomenon. Curves are plotted in stochastic distributions and elastic spectra accelerations. Results show good prediction for vertical spectral accelerations and for far and relative strong events. Rigorously, results are valid only for the studied seismogenic zone under predefined constrictions and ranges.
Underdetermination in classic and modern tests of general relativity
Authors: Wolf William J. , Sanchioni Marco , Read James 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCanonically, ‘classic’ tests of general relativity (GR) include perihelion precession, the bending of light around stars, and gravitational redshift; ‘modern’ tests have to do with, inter alia, relativistic time delay, equivalence principle tests, gravitational lensing, strong field gravity, and gravitational waves. The orthodoxy is that both classic and modern tests of GR afford experimental confirmation of that theory in particular. In this article, we question this orthodoxy, by showing there are classes of both relativistic theories (with spatiotemporal geometrical properties different from those of GR) and non-relativistic theories (in which the lightcones of a relativistic spacetime are ‘widened’) which would also pass such tests. Thus, (a) issues of underdetermination in the context of GR loom much larger than one might have thought, and (b) given this, one has to think more carefully about what exactly such tests in fact are testing.
Model-driven development for functional correctness of avionics systems: a verification framework for SysML specifications
Authors: Kausch Hendrik , Pfeiffer Mathias , Raco Deni , Rumpe Bernhard , Schweiger Andreas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCurrently, the most widespread software quality assurance methods in the avionics domain are semi-automated reviews and testing. However, their effort grows disproportionately to the size of the system under development. Also, these methods cannot achieve exhaustive coverage due to the complexity of today’s avionics systems and their potentially infinite set of combinations of possible inputs and system states. Furthermore, the later software issues are detected in the development process, the more expensive it is to fix them. To overcome these issues, a model-driven verification approach for modeling and analyzing avionics systems in early phases of the development is presented. To this end, semantics is given to SysML v2 models by a mapping to a theorem prover encoding. The development of a dedicated SysML v2 profile supporting event-driven data flow specifications, the encoding of corresponding structures in the theorem prover Isabelle, and a generator creating theorems from SysML v2 models are presented. The approach is evaluated by formally proving a representative liveness property of a hierarchical system model from the avionics domain. Since liveness properties can be negated only by infinite data sequences and thus cannot be covered exhaustively by testing, this case study demonstrates the added value for meeting typical safety requirements in the avionics domain. The results can be transferred from avionics to other domains, as well.
An Investigation of the Effects of Flame Straightening Heating on the High-Strength Structural Steels Microstructure
Authors: Molnar R. , Feier A. , Chivu O. , Banciu F. V. , Coteaţă M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this research, the effects of heating cycles that are performed correctly and excessively—well above the limitations given by the steel manufacturer—on flame straightening are assessed and analyzed. The paper focuses on the microstructural changes caused by the overheating during the flame straightening process. To create geometrical changes in a metal construction, a tiny section of the element or structure is heated to the straightening temperature during the flame straightening process. Strenx® 960 is typically produced through a combination of thermomechanical rolling and quenching and tempering, resulting in a fine-grained martensitic or bainitic microstructure. These processes are designed to achieve a balance of high strength and good toughness. The microstructural changes associated with different working conditions in the case of welding include HAZ softening and grain growth. The study aimed to highlight the influence of flame hardening on the microstructure of the material.
Influence of trains meeting on the ventilation performance of equipment compartment with independent air duct in high-speed train: numerical and experimental study
Authors: Wu Yitong , Zhou Wei , Liang Xifeng , Su Xinchao , Xu Kewei , Xia Yutao , Wang Zhixin , Krajnović Sinisa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
During the train meeting events, train equipment compartments are exposed to the worst pressure changes, potentially affecting the ventilation performance of equipment, particularly for electrical facilities equipped with independent air ducts. In this paper, a two-step method is used for numerical computation: (1) obtaining the temporal and spatial transient node data of the flow field sections during the train-passing simulation and (2) using the data as the input data for the equipment compartment simulation. In addition, this paper also compares the difference in equipment ventilation between the single-train and train-passing scenarios in real vehicle tests. The results indicate that the primary factors influencing ventilation effectiveness are the aerodynamic compression and deceleration of airflow induced by the other train’s nose, as well as the instability of the external flow field in the wake of the other train. During train crossing, the air is forced into the air duct, with a maximum ratio of the airflow in-duct to the airflow out-duct reaching 3.2. The average mass flow falls below the rated mass flow for the converter. Compared to the rated air volume of converter, the maximum suppression rates obtained from testing and simulation are – 24.5% and – 16.8%, respectively. Compared to the single-train operation, the maximum suppression rates obtained from testing and simulation are – 15% and – 18%, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights into the design and operation of high-speed trains.
Rebound effect of hypothalamic-pituitary thyreotropic activity: a new model to better understand hypothyroidism
Authors: Piticchio T. , Luongo C. , Trimboli P. , Salvatore D. , Frasca F. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Hypothalamic-pituitary thyrotropic activity (HPta) is crucial since TSH is the mainstay for evaluating primary hypothyroidism (hT) and replacement therapy in clinical practice. Despite TSH values, some patients experience symptoms and metabolic alterations, raising several issues about hT. The aim of the study was to investigate factors influencing the TSH values achieved after a period of hT induced in a standardized and controlled manner (TSH_time1).

Methods
Our institutional database was searched to extract records of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients undergoing a LT4 withdrawal protocol prior to radioiodine (RAI) administration. We collected clinical and biochemical parameters before LT4 discontinuation and after one month of induced hT. We performed Mann-Whitney U-test and linear regression analyses.

Results
We included 102 patients, with a median age of 44 years. In univariate analyses, TSH_time1 was correlated with age (p 0.005) and the dose pro Kg/die of LT4 assumed until the discontinuation of LT4 (LT4_dose) (p 0.023). The higher the age, the lower the TSH_time1 level. The higher the LT4_dose, the higher the TSH_time1 level. After multivariate analysis, the fittest model included age, BMI, LT4_dose, and systemic inflammation response index with an adjusted R2 of 0.4.

Conclusion
The study highlights new mechanisms that influence HPta. HPta progressively reduces with age, and this must be considered when evaluating TSH values in the elderly. Furthermore, we report for the first time a rebound effect of HPta, determined by the dose pro Kg/die of LT4 taken prior to its discontinuation. Inflammation and metabolic status also affect these phenomena.