bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Adherence Biomarker Measurements in Older and Younger HIV-Infected Adults Receiving Tenofovir-Based Therapy
Authors: Seifert Sharon M. , Castillo-Mancilla Jose R. , Erlandson Kristine , Morrow Mary , Gandhi Monica , Kuncze Karen , Horng Howard , Zheng Jia-Hua , Bushman Lane R. , Kiser Jennifer J. , MaWhinney Samantha , Anderson Peter L. 
Published: November 2017

Background:Concentrations of tenofovir (TFV) in hair and tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBSs) as measures of cumulative exposure have been primarily studied in younger, HIV-uninfected individuals taking preexposure HIV prophylaxis. Data on these measures among older HIV-infected individuals are limited.Methods:We evaluated longitudinal TFV and TFV-DP concentrations in hair and DBS, respectively, from HIV-infected adults. Multivariable model variables included age group (18–35 and 60 years and older), creatinine clearance (CrCl), hematocrit (TFV-DP), and gray hair color (TFV).Results:Baseline hair TFV and DBS TFV-DP were moderately correlated [r = 0.5 (0.2 to 0.7);P= 0.001] across both age groups [younger (N = 23) and older (N = 22)]. In adjusted models, CrCl was associated with increases of 15.9% (7.4% to 25.0%);P= 0.0006, and 5.7% (−0.2% to 11.9%);P= 0.057 for TFV in hair and TFV-DP in DBS, respectively, for every 20-mL/min CrCl decrease. Although older age (versus younger age) was univariately associated with increased TFV hair levels, older age was not significantly associated with higher concentrations in hair [−1.4% (−26.7% to 32.7%);P= 0.93] or DBS [4.0% (−14.1% to 25.9%);P= 0.68] after adjustment. Similarly, gray color was not significantly associated with higher TFV levels in hair [27.6% (−11.1% to 83.0%;P= 0.18)] in adjusted models. In both adjusted and unadjusted models of TFV-DP levels in DBS, a 1% hematocrit increase was associated with a 3.3% (0.2% to 6.5%) TFV-DP increase (P= 0.04).Conclusions:Cumulative drug exposure measures (hair and DBS) were comparable in younger and older HIV-infected individuals on TFV-based therapy after adjustment for renal function.
Assessment of Myometrial Invasion in Premenopausal Grade 1 Endometrial Carcinoma: Is Magnetic Resonance Imaging a Reliable Tool in Selecting Patients for Fertility-Preserving Therapy?
Authors: Sakane Makoto , Hori Masatoshi , Onishi Hiromitsu , Tsuboyama Takahiro , Ota Takashi , Tatsumi Mitsuaki , Ueda Yutaka , Kimura Toshihiro , Kimura Tadashi , Tomiyama Noriyuki 
Published: November 2017

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in premenopausal women with G1 endometrial carcinoma.

Methods
Twenty-six patients underwent T2W, diffusion weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced 3-T MRI. The degree of myometrial invasion was pathologically classified into no invasion, shallow (3 mm or less), and more. Two radiologists assessed myometrial invasion on MRI. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, AUC, and interobserver agreement were analyzed.

Results
For assessing myometrial invasion, mean accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values, and AUC, respectively, were as follows: 63%, 42%, 85%, 79%, 47%, and 0.75. Mean interobserver agreement was fair (k = 0.36). Shallow invasions were underestimated as no invasion on MRI in all 6 cases.

Conclusions
Magnetic resonance imaging produced false-negative result on half of patients. The misjudgments tended to happen in patients with shallow invasion.
Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone–Secreting Pituitary Adenoma Localized by 18F-Choline PET/CT
Authors: Sindoni Alessandro , Bodanza Valentina , Tatta Rosa , Baresic Tanja , Borsatti Eugenio 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The criterion standard of treatment of an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)–secreting pituitary adenoma is complete surgical excision. However, ectopic location of these adenomas is an extremely rare condition, which may affect the diagnosis and treatment success. We report a case of a 49-year-old man who was referred to our institution with persistent hypercortisolemia after an unsuccessful attempt of surgical resection. 18F-choline PET/CT revealed increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in a nodule localized in the left maxillary sinus, which was proved at histology to be an ectopic ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma staining positive for ACTH. Imaging with 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT was not diagnostic.
Clinical Significance of a Solitary Cold Thyroid Nodule in the Setting of Graves Disease
Authors: Achong Dwight M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

123I-NaI thyroid uptake and scan in a 46-year-old woman with symptomatic hyperthyroidism demonstrated marked, diffusely increased uptake consistent with Graves disease, as well as a solitary hypofunctioning (“cold”) nodule. Pathologic evaluation following total thyroidectomy and selective neck dissection revealed invasive multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma in a background of Graves disease and 5 of 36 lymph nodes positive for metastatic disease. This case serves as a reminder that when present a cold nodule in the setting of Graves disease warrants further evaluation for underlying malignancy.
Simultaneous Brain and Lung Histiocytic Sarcoma Revealed on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Pan Yu , Zhang Yifan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A 52-year-old man with intermittent head motor tics, aphasia and right upper extremity weakness had an 18F-FDG avid left front lobe brain lesion, and a left upper lobe lung lesion on PET/CT. The brain lesion was surgically resected, and was diagnosed pathologically as a histiocytic sarcoma (HS). The lung lesion was also a HS via bronchial biopsy. HS is rare and generally involves nodes as shown on PET/CT in a few case reports. The current case with simultaneous brain and lung HS lesions adds new imaging pattern information of the disease to the literature.
Rwandan environmental impact assessment: practices and constraints
Authors: Sharma Ravi , Hategekimana Jean Damascene 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the Rwandan Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) practice and identify the possible constraints faced by EIA practitioners in Rwanda. The results presented here will help to highlight strengths and weakness of the Rwandan EIA practice.

Design/methodology/approach
The EIA practice was evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire survey for respondents including approved EIA experts in Rwanda, government agencies involved in EIA process and corporate which have received environmental clearance. The aspects of practices and challenges were evaluated and include the suitability of institutional arrangements, the scientific methodological bases of EIA, the conduct of EIA, the effectiveness of EIA with respect to influence decision making, overall results and EIA as a learning process. These aspects were rated on different scales by the respondents to identify where the Rwandan EIA practice stands now in terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and constraints.

Findings
The institutional arrangements of EIA were judged to be good overall by the respondents with main strengths being seen in the policy and legal base, and the scope of application. Only the marginal weaknesses are seen in the monitoring. The scientific and empirical basis for assessment was judged to stand moderately strengthened during the last five years. The performance of key activities is more than satisfactory. A majority of Rwandan EIA stages are good and excellent to some extent.

Originality/value
This paper identifies some of the constraints and challenges faced by the Rwandan EIA practitioners. It will contribute to an understanding of EIA practice and robust practices across the globe.
Water demand elasticities under risk conditions
Authors: Shamieh Jamal Mousa , Sawalha Ihab Hanna , Salman Amer Z. , Al-Karablieh Emad K. , Tabieh Mohammad A. , Al-Qudah Hussain F. , Jaara Osama O. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to estimate the water demand elasticities using a parametric linear programming (LP) model to provide an insight into the accurate and flexible pricing policy of irrigation water in the Jordan Valley; and second, to highlight key risk aspects, related to water demand, which are likely to impact the community.

Design/methodology/approach
A parametric LP model was used in this research. Primary and secondary data were collected.

Findings
Results revealed that the demand elasticity is high in Spring and Summer than in Fall and Winter, meaning that during Spring and Summer farmers are willing to forgo larger amounts of water than in other months. This is because of areas planted during Spring seasons are much less than those of Autumn and Winter.

Practical implications
The Jordan Valley suffers from water scarcity risk, and consequently the area to be planted is not fully utilized, leading to lower cropping intensities. Responsible authorities in Jordan need to address these issues and propose proper solutions in order to reduce further escalation of this risk and subsequent impact on local communities. Insight into the value of water demand elasticities is essential to support and mitigate policy decision making under risk conditions, concerning investments in water supply systems; investments in the water distribution and irrigation systems; efficient allocation of water with competing sectors; setting water pricing and tariffs; setting cost recovery mechanisms, and the risks encountered under lack of mitigated policy decision making.

Originality/value
This is one of few studies that addresses in detail using a parametric LP model the issue of water scarcity, related risks and subsequent impact on society in Jordan. It is expected to help policy and decision makers better formulate future estimates and demand which subsequently reduce related risks.
Ecological footprints and development trends in Hefei, China
Authors: Guo Ying , Xia Dongpo , Sun Binghua , Wang Xi , Zhang Dao , Li Jinhua 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Because natural resource utilization is a predictor of sustainable development, an evaluation of the efficiency of resource utilization is critical for assessing developmental potentiality. The purpose of this paper is to apply three-dimensional (3D) ecological footprint theory to assess the effects of production and consumption on ecological systems in Hefei, China.

Design/methodology/approach
Using data for Hefei for the period 2005-2014, an ecological footprint model (EFM) was developed to calculate the area’s ecological footprint (EF), ecological carrying (EC) capacity and obtain two indices, namely, footprint depth and size. The relationship between economic development and natural resource utilization was subsequently evaluated based on the calculated ecological deficit and the EF demand per Renminbi 10,000 of gross domestic product (GDP).

Findings
Over the last decade, Hefei’s EF per capita evidenced a 9.87 percent growth rate, increasing from 1.16 hm2/person in 2005 to 2.70 hm2/person in 2014. EC capacity per capita increased from 0.21 hm2/person in 2005 to 0.36 hm2/person in 2014, evidencing a gradually increasing trend at an average annual growth rate of 6.24 percent. Thus, between 2005 and 2014, the ecological deficit increased annually by three times. The amplification of footprint depth significantly exceeded that of footprint size. Between 2005 and 2014, Hefei’s EF per capita Renminbi 10,000 of GDP decreased annually by 4.68 percent. Thus, energy consumption in Hefei exceeded the natural regeneration capacity of energy resources, with excessive development and resource utilization impacting on the regional ecological system.

Practical implications
The application of a 3D EFM sheds light on natural resource utilization within regional development. Moreover, footprint depth and size are significant predictors of the impacts of natural resource utilization. These findings will also benefit other countries or cities.

Originality/value
This is one of the first empirical studies to apply a 3D EFM to evaluate the relationship between natural resource utilization and economic development. Adopting a sustainable development framework, it provides insights into the effects of natural resource utilization in relation to the balance between the natural ecological system and economic development. This has far-reaching implications beyond Hefei and China.
The influence of errors in the source wavelet on inversion‐based surface‐related multiple attenuation
Authors: Yuan Sanyi , Wang Shangxu , Yuan Fengfan , Liu Yong 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTWe investigate the influence of source wavelet errors on inversion‐based, surface‐related multiple attenuation, in order to address how the inverted primary impulse response, estimated primaries, and predicted multiples are affected by the estimated wavelet. In theory, errors in estimated wavelet can lead to errors in the upgoing waves. Because of smoothness and the band‐limitedness characteristics of the estimated wavelet, errors in the upgoing waves are usually not white and random. Theoretical analysis and two synthetic examples demonstrate that (i) when the overall amplitude scalar of the estimated wavelet is underestimated, the inversion of the primary impulse response suffers from instability, which will distort the estimation of primaries, and (ii) when the wavelet is overestimated, the estimated primaries will simply mimic the recorded upgoing waves. Nevertheless, the quality of the estimated primaries in the region above the first‐order, water‐bottom multiples is independent of the estimated wavelet. Synthetic results illustrate that inversion‐based, surface‐related multiple attenuation with a known wavelet is stable, since slight inaccuracy in amplitude spectrum and/or phase spectrum of the given wavelet or the corresponding upgoing waves will not lead to considerable deviation in the waveforms of the inverted results from those of the references. Furthermore, shot‐to‐shot wavelet variations, with maximum amplitude difference of 5% and maximum phase difference of 10°, create just slight artefacts in both the inverted primary impulse response and the estimated primaries. Moreover, the sensitivity test of estimation of primaries by sparse inversion method involving wavelet estimation shows that this method can stably and alternately update the wavelet and the primary impulse response; however, different choices of the initial wavelet can lead to different final inverted results.
Compressive sensing approach for two‐dimensional magnetotelluric inversion using wavelet dictionaries
Authors: Nittinger C.G. , Becken M. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTWe present a 2D inversion scheme for magnetotelluric data, where the conductivity structure is parameterised with different wavelet functions that are collected in a wavelet‐based dictionary. The inversion model estimate is regularised in terms of wavelet coefficient sparsity following the compressive sensing approach. However, when the model is expressed on the basis of a single wavelet family only, the geometrical appearance of model features reflects the shape of the wavelet functions. Combining two or more wavelet families in a dictionary provides greater flexibility to represent the model structure, permitting, for example, the simultaneous occurrence of smooth and sharp anomalies within the same model. We show that the application of the sparsity regularisation scheme with wavelet dictionaries provides the user with a number of different model classes that may explain the data to the same extent. For a real data example from the Dead Sea Transform, we show that the use of such a scheme can be beneficial to evaluate the geometries of conductivity anomalies and to understand the effect of regularisation on the model estimate.
Demand for ground transportation fuels in 10 Asian countries: An application of the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach
Authors: Liu Wen‐Hsien , Lin Kai‐Jen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study applies the recently developed autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach to investigate demands for gasoline and diesel in the ground transportation sectors of 10 Asian countries from 1983 to 2013. Results reveal an inelastic fuel demand with respect to price, except in Hong Kong. This relation implies that the government is unable to limit fuel consumption by controlling price. Moreover, fuel demand with respect to income is generally greater than price elasticity. In other words, if the growth of the national income is faster than that of fuel price, fuel consumption will continually increase. Long‐term income elasticity is greater than unity in half of the examined countries. The demand for transportation fuel in these countries is expected to grow at a rate faster than the growth of GDP over a wide range of economies in Asia, with the implication that the concern regarding the scarcity of fossil fuel is not misplaced.
A Validation Study of the Langley et al. (2017) Decision Tree Model for Sex Estimation
Authors: Garvin Heather M. , Klales Alexandra R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLangley et al. (2017) developed a sex estimation decision tree utilizing two traditional cranial traits (glabella and mastoid) and a new trait: zygomatic extension. This study aimed to test the reliability of their zygomatic extension scoring method and validate their sex estimation method. Ordinal score data were collected from 281 male and female U.S. White and Black individuals. The five traditional cranial traits were collected from physical specimens, while zygomatic extension was scored from 3D cranial models. Intra‐ and interobserver analyses carried out on a subsample of 30 individuals indicate good agreement between zygomatic scores. The decision tree correctly sexed 71.5% of the sample, but a strong sex bias (94.2% correct for females, 49.3% correct for males) severely limits the utility of this method. The Walker (2008) and Stevenson et al. (2009) methods produced higher accuracy rates (80.8% and 82.6%, respectively), although these methods also produced sex and ancestry biases.
The Pharmacokinetics of Morphine and Codeine in Human Plasma and Urine after Oral Administration of Qiangli Pipa Syrup
Authors: Guo Bin‐bin , Zhang Yu‐qiao , Wang Sheng‐feng , Ding Jin‐song , Zhou Wen‐hu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPapaveris pericarpium, a natural source of morphine and codeine, is the principal active component in many antitussive traditional Chinese medicines. We herein report the first PK study of papaveris pericarpium in human plasma and urine following oral administration of single (15, 30, 60 mL) and multiple dose (15 mL) of Qiangli Pipa Syrup (MOR 0.1 mg/mL, COD 0.028 mg/mL) by monitoring morphine and codeine using a HPLC‐MS/MS method. Their Tmax and t1/2 values are independent of dosages, while the AUC0−t linearly increased with higher dosages, indicating linear PK characteristics. AUC0−t increased obviously after multiple doses, indicating possible risk of accumulative toxicity. Urine studies suggested risks of positive opiate drug tests with a cutoff of 300 ng/mL, which lasted 6–14 h at different doses. These results provide important information for clinical safety, efficacy and rational drug use of Qiangli Pipa Syrup and also guide the related judicial expertise of its administration.
Review article: Critical Care Airway Management eLearning modules
Authors: Doshi Deepak , McCarthy Sally , Mowatt Elizabeth , Cahill Angela , Peirce Bronwyn , Hawking Geoff , Osborne Ruth , Hibble Belinda , Ebbs Katharine 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) has recently launched the Critical Care Airway Management eLearning modules to support emergency medicine trainees in developing their airway management skills in the ED. A team of emergency physicians and trainees worked collaboratively to develop the eLearning resources ensuring extensive stakeholder consultation. A comprehensive resource manual was written to provide learners with knowledge that underpins the modules. ACEM provided project coordination as well as administrative and technical team support to the production. Although specifically developed with early ACEM trainees in mind, it is envisaged the resources will be useful for all emergency clinicians. The project was funded by the Australian Commonwealth Department of Health.
The Interrelationship of Micro‐Meso and Macroscopic Structures on the Western Limb of the Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis, Pakistan
Authors: AHMAD Sohaib , ALI Asghar , REHMAN Khaista 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDetailed micro–meso to macroscopic structural analyses reveal two deformation phases in the western limb of the Hazara‐Kashmir Syntaxis (HKS). Bulk top to NW shearing transformed initially symmetrical NNE–SSW trending meso to macroscopic folds from asymmetric to overturned ones without changing their trend. Sigmoidal en‐echelon tension gashes developed during this deformation, that were oblique to bedding parallel worm burrows and bedding planes themselves. Strain analyses of deformed elliptical ooids using the Rf/ϕ method constrain the internal strain patterns of the NNE–SSW structures. The principal stretching axis (S3) defined by deformed elliptical ooids is oriented N27°E at right angles to WNW–ESE shortening. The deformed elliptical ooids in sub‐vertical bedding vertical planes contain ooids that plunge ∼70° SE due to NW‐directed tectonic transport. Finite strain ratios are 1.45 (Rxy) parallel to bedding plane and 1.46 (Ryz) for the vertical plane. From these 2D strain values, we derive an oblate strain ellipsoidal in 3D using the Flinn and Hsu/Nadai techniques. Strains calculated from deformed elliptical ooids average −18.10% parallel to bedding and −18.47% in the vertical plane. However, a balanced cross‐section through the study area indicates a minimum of ∼ −28% shortening. Consequently, regional shortening was only partially accommodated by internal deformation.