bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does prior success influence risk‐taking in foreign location decisions? A prospect theory perspective
Authors: Schwaiger Kathrin , Hennrich Petra , Fisch Jan Hendrik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryResearch suggests that foreign direct investment decisions can be biased and deviate from economic theory. This study deploys prospect theory to analyze the impact of the success of previous investments on risk‐taking in subsequent investment decisions. Our theorizing suggests that prior success influences foreign investors' decisions to take host‐country risk, and that this moderating influence on the risk‐investment relation is specific to the type of risk. The results of an event‐history study of 1259 location decisions support the notion that the success of previous investments encourages investors to enter host countries with high negative or positive risk, whereas it discourages them from entering locations with high mixed risk. The effects are stronger for investment locations that are similar than for those that are dissimilar.Managerial SummaryRegarding the varying risks that investors face in foreign countries, investment decisions may sometimes appear rather confident and sometimes rather cautious. Our study relates these decisions to the success that investors had with similar investments in the past, since research suggests that experiencing gains or losses can influence decision behavior. The results suggest that prior success affects risk‐taking in foreign direct investment decisions and comes in contrary forms, depending on the type of risk: prior success leads to overconfident investment decisions in the case of negative and positive risk, whereas it induces overcautious investment decisions in the case of mixed risk. Being aware of these behavioral tendencies can prevent managers from making biased investment decisions.
Creditors' treatment under the new Italian “Concordato Preventivo” and directive (EU) 2019/1023: A comparison with chapter 11
Authors: Pappalettera Federico 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article compares the treatment of creditors in Italy under the “new” judicial composition with creditors (CWC) (“concordato preventivo”) procedure (as recently amended by the new Italian Business Crisis and Insolvency Code of 2022) with Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy Code, focusing on two main issues. The first issue analyses the impact of the Directive (EU) 2019/1023, which aims to remove barriers to fundamental freedoms and promote market efficiency by introducing, among others, preventive restructuring frameworks (PRFs). The Directive's guidelines on the treatment of creditors, including the requirement to allocate restructuring proceeds on the basis of the “relative priority rule (RPR)”, are examined. The second issue discusses Italy's new Business Crisis and Insolvency Code of 2022, which introduces several innovations to judicial CWC proceedings. These include facilitations for CWC on a going concern basis, a mandatory division of creditors into classes, a new voting and cramdown system, and significant changes to the distribution of restructuring proceeds, also to comply with Directive (EU) 2019/1023.
Municipalities at the crossroads: Deciphering the nexus between municipal insolvencies and international investment mandates
Authors: Ren Qiang , Du Jing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNavigating the convergence of domestic governance and international investment law presents multifaceted challenges in an ever‐globalizing world. The recent bankruptcy of the Birmingham City Council in September 2023, burdened by substantial debt from equal pay claims, serves as a poignant example, illustrating the potential widespread effects of local financial crises on international investment protections and obligations. The discourse explores the complexities arising from municipal insolvencies and the implications of such local fiscal policies on international investment obligations. The lens of international arbitral tribunals sheds light on the dilemmas faced when local realities vie with global responsibilities, especially concerning investor protections and Bilateral Investment Treaties. Decentralized states add another layer of intricacy, balancing regional policies with overarching international commitments. As the landscape of international investment law transforms, both state entities and investors must understand and adapt to the evolving interplay. The synthesis of these two realms is crucial in today's globalized era. Through proactive policy‐making, stakeholder dialogues, and a keen understanding of both local and global dynamics, a harmonious fusion of domestic objectives and international obligations can be achieved.
Social validity of digital social incentives in the treatment of substance use disorders
Authors: Ives Lindsey A. , Serel Mathew , Diaz A. J. , LeBlanc Linda , Dallery Jesse 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSubstance use disorders (SUDs) affect millions and have substantial negative consequences for individuals and society. Social incentives that leverage social networks for reinforcement or feedback have been used to improve health behaviors such as physical activity. This study investigated the feasibility, acceptability, and usability of a novel digital social incentive system embedded into a web‐ and smartphone‐based platform for SUD recovery. The system leveraged a preexisting care team to deliver social incentives following notifications on recovery‐related goal completion and abstinence to members undergoing SUD treatment. In total, 243 notifications were sent to care‐team members, resulting in 117 social incentives, nearly all of which (99.15%) were coded as positive. Treatment members and care‐team members provided favorable endorsements on acceptability and usability measures. Some areas of improvement were identified, such as increasing personalization and transparency. This digital social incentive system was feasible, acceptable, and usable as an adjunct treatment component for SUD recovery.
Recent research on response disequilibrium theory: A concise review
Authors: King Hunter , Falligant John Michael , Jacobs Kenneth W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA resurgence in research on response disequilibrium theory has prompted a concise review of the literature from the past 5 years. Response disequilibrium, also known as response deprivation, attributes reinforcement and punishment effects to constraints on free‐operant baseline levels of behavior. By describing clinically relevant behaviors in terms of instrumental and contingent activities, researchers and practitioners can predict intervention outcomes with a disequilibrium model. We summarize the empirical outcomes of disequilibrium‐informed interventions across six articles and discuss areas of future research.
Calculation of continuous reference intervals for biological parameters exhibiting strong age‐dependent level changes: Its application to glycosaminoglycans and sialic acid in urine
Authors: Rodríguez Carlos Emilio , Diswall Mette , Olsson Anders , Jonsson Torleif , Johansson Eva , Blomqvist Maria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlycosaminoglycan (GAG) and sialic acid (total and free) assays are used as first‐line screening tests for the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses and glycoproteinoses, respectively. There is a pronounced age‐dependent variation in the urinary concentrations of these metabolites in the normal population, and the stratification of the reference values into discrete age ranges may lead to an undesirably high number of false‐positive or false‐negative results. The aim of this study was to design a method for calculating continuous reference intervals as a function of age and its application to the analysis of GAGs and sialic acid (total, free, and conjugated) in urine. In the postpubertal period, concentrations of urinary GAGs and sialic acid have reached a plateau, so a traditional calculation of the reference range in this specific age group was considered appropriate. In the prepubertal period, a nonlinear regression performed with the Excel add‐in Solver was used to fit the logarithmized concentrations of the controls to a curve that represents the mean values as a function of age. A uniform distribution of the residuals was obtained, which allowed the calculation of the reference intervals by adding the values of their 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles to the independent variable of the regression curve to calculate the upper and lower reference curves. The main advantages of the developed method are (1) a reduction in the number of control samples needed to obtain adequate reference intervals and (2) an improvement in the reliability of diagnostic screening by reducing the uncertainty generated by the gaps in the traditional age‐stratified method.
Perception of job security and professional self‐esteem of teachers: A mixed method research
Authors: Özmen Kenan , Dönmez İsmail , Gülen Salih 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProfessional self‐esteem and job security perceptions of teachers are considered to be factors that increase their teaching performance and overall teaching quality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between teachers' professional self‐esteem and job security perceptions in Turkey and to determine the impact of demographic characteristics on this relationship. In the study, the nested embedded mixed research method was preferred. For quantitative data, the professional self‐esteem and job security level of 660 respondent teachers were compared in terms of demographic characteristics (gender, marital status, education level, union membership, staff type, age, and years of service). For qualitative data, a structured interview form was utilized to examine the views of 54 participants about their profession. Our study reveals the intricate dynamics between teachers' professional self‐esteem and job security, emphasizing the role of gender, union membership, and career stage. The findings of the study revealed that female teachers demonstrated higher professional self‐esteem, likely due to their emotional intelligence and communication skills. Un‐ionized teachers reported greater professional self‐esteem, suggesting the positive influence of unions in safeguarding teachers' rights. Contract teachers, aware of job insecurity, exhibited elevated professional self‐esteem, indicating a drive for continuous skill development. Younger teachers (aged 21–30) displayed higher professional self‐esteem, emphasizing their enthusiasm and adaptability. These findings underscore the complex interplay between self‐esteem, job security, and external factors, with significant implications for teacher support and policymaking.
Theoretical Investigation of Energetic Materials Based on Imidazole Framework Featuring Azido/Nitro/Nitrato/Fluoro Groups
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Singh Kshetrimayum Dhruba , Guin Mridula 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDevelopment of new high‐energy materials (HEMs) is one of the thrust areas of research. These compounds are important for various applications such as propellants, gas generations, explosives in mining, construction, civil and military applications, and safety equipment for national security and defense. HEMs based on imidazole frameworks are currently getting research spotlight due to their exceptional detonation performance with optimum sensitivity. This study reports five imidazole derivatives containing azido/nitro/nitrato/fluoro functional groups. These groups are viable options to design promising explosives with moderate sensitivity. Density functional theory (DFT) method is adopted to determine the geometries, thermodynamic properties, detonation properties, and impact sensitivity of the designed molecules. All the compounds have high density in the range of 1.89–2.03 g/cm3 along with high heat of formation. These compounds aid in new strategy to design HEMs with optimum sensitivity.
Interim analysis, a tool to enhance efficiency of pharmacokinetic studies: Pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in lactating mother–infant pairs
Authors: Kawuma Aida N. , Ojara Francis Williams , Buzibye Allan , Castelnuovo Barbara , Tabwenda Jovia C. , Kyeyune Jacqueline , Turyahabwe Christine , Asiimwe Simon Peter , Magoola Johnson , Wiesner Lubbe , Nakijoba Ritah , Waitt Catriona 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPharmacokinetic studies are important for understanding drug disposition in the human body. However, pregnant and lactating women are often excluded from primary pharmacokinetic studies and as such there is often limited dosing information regarding drug use in pregnant and/or lactating women. The objectives of this interim analysis were to define the transfer of rifampicin to a breastfed infant and to determine the area under the concentration–time curve of rifampicin in maternal plasma, breastmilk and infant plasma. Performing this interim analysis enabled us to substantiate whether prior assumptions we made on several study design issues including patient sample size and pharmacokinetic sampling times held and whether we needed to amend our protocol or not. We enrolled lactating mothers on treatment for tuberculosis with their breastfeeding infants (below 12 months of age), performed intensive pharmacokinetic sampling (0–24 h post‐dose) on plasma samples from both the mother, infant(s) and breastmilk samples from the mother on two separate occasions (once during the initiation phase and another during the continuation phase of tuberculosis treatment). The initial study design, including sampling times, was informed by a stochastic simulation and estimation exercise, with very limited prior breastmilk data. An interim analysis after recruiting 6 mother–infant pairs ascertained that our initial assumptions were ideal for achieving our study objectives and no amendments to the sampling times were necessary. Initial data from 6 mother–infant pairs show that rifampicin penetrates breastmilk with an approximate milk‐to‐plasma ratio of 0.169 and 0.189 on two separate visits. However, it was undetectable in most infants.
Drop Test Simulation of Packaging for Dangerous Goods: An Investigation of Appropriate Drop Height Adjustment in Case of Deviating Packaging Gross Mass
Authors: Lengas Nikolaos , Müller Karsten , Schlick‐Hasper Eva , Neitsch Marcel , Johann Sergej , Zehn Manfred W. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn the approval process of dangerous goods packagings, drop tests onto a flat, essentially unyielding surface are used to assess resistance against mechanical damage. International adopted regulations like ADR and RID define filling good dependent drop heights and filling degrees whilst the user needs to define the maximum gross mass to be tested and approved. Maximum packaging gross mass is defined conservatively and not reached in practice. To meet the defined gross mass in testing, using additives is permitted. However, in some cases, additives are not desirable due to packaging design or filling substance properties. This leads to deviations from the initial gross mass definition. Hence, a certain drop height adjustment is necessary to achieve the required impact loading. Laboratories frequently adjust drop height assuming a perfectly elastic collision that is inaccurate. Appropriate adjustment is not trivial due to energy conversion processes, for example, plastic deformation. In this work, a test stand is developed for measuring the change in kinetic energy of different packaging designs and filling substances in regulative drop tests. The experimental results are used to validate finite‐element (FE) models so that packaging properties can be varied in simulated drop test scenarios. The findings intend to describe the appropriate drop height adjustment of the respective packaging with same design but deviating gross mass to produce comparable mechanical response. The results are highly beneficial for testing laboratories, approval issuing authorities and packaging institutes confronted with the problem of testing packages with gross masses other than those to be approved.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Nanocarrier‐Mediated Inhalable Gene Transfection for Lung Cancer
Authors: Sarkar Poulami , Sardar Manami , Sen Olivia , Das Stabak , Manna Sreejan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLung cancer is now the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality, eclipsing all other cancer forms, and of all lung malignancies, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) makes up around 85%. Recently, the use of vectors in gene therapy besides chemotherapy to treat malignancies brought on by gene mutations has gained prominence. Therapeutic molecule inhalation is a direct approach to lung‐targeted medication delivery with low nonspecific toxicity and limited drug exposure. Treatment for lung cancer with chemotherapy and immunotherapy can be aided by inhalable nanomedicine through advanced mechanisms. Viral and nonviral vectors, such as lipid‐based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles, have all drawn a lot of interest for their ability to increase effects and decrease side effects. Nanocarriers have a significant impact on targeted gene delivery, bioavailability, stability, and residence in target areas. The inhaled pulmonary gene delivery approach, when combined with nanomedicine, will offer a noninvasive and successful way to treat lung cancer by taking use of the physiological properties of the lung. The authors have majorly used data from PubMed and Google Scholar to obtain the relevant information required for the article. In general, this review concentrates on the usage of various inhalable nanocarriers, which might serve as an inspiration for the creation and deployment of more potent genetic therapy for the treatment of lung cancer.
Bismuth(III) Triflate, Bi(OTf)3: Green and Reusable Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of Fused Nitrogen/Oxygen Heterocycle Derivatives
Authors: Mehta Anand W. , Patil Ragini C. , Ahmed Sumeer , Alam Manawwer , Wahab Rizwan , Sheikh S. A. , Saleh Abdullah I. , Tataringa Gabriela , Bhat Ajmal R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is an increasing demand for the development of catalytic reagents that are nontoxic due to the growing environmental concerns in the present organic transformation. Bismuth(III) compounds have significant potential as catalysts for a range of organic synthesis due to their low toxicity, strong Lewis acid catalytic activity, and great flexibility. In this research work, a series of various chemically and pharmacologically important six‐membered fused nitrogen‐/oxygen‐based heterocycle derivatives were efficiently prepared via a one‐pot multicomponent reaction starting from aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and barbituric acid in presence of green and reusable Lewis catalyst bismuth(III) triflate, that is, Bi(OTf)3 in EtOH/H2O (1:1) media. Bi(OTf)3 has the additional benefit of being reusable catalyst, ready availability, eco‐friendliness, and easy to handle to obtain corresponding products in excellent yields (83%–94%). Structure of all synthesized products was characterized on the basis of FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and ESI–MS analysis.
Modeling with generalized flux theory for computational investigation of thermal enhancement in fluid with tri‐, di‐, and mono‐nanoparticles
Authors: Madkhali Hadi Ali , Nawaz M. , Haneef Maryam , Alharbi Sayer Obaid , Salmi Abdelatif , Al‐Zubaidi A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo study the influence of several factors (tri‐nanoparticles and relaxation time related to momentum, thermal, and concentration) on non‐Fourier transport of heat and mass, mathematical models are developed. The cases of tri‐, di‐, and mono‐nanofluids are considered. Flow and transport scenarios are translated into mathematical equations for which conservation laws and correlations for thermophysical properties are used. Boundary layer simplifications are used to approximate these mathematical models. The nondimensional set of problems is numerically solved using the finite element method (FEM). The solutions that are convergent and mesh‐free are obtained. The outcomes are compared to existing benchmarks. There is excellent consistency between the current and published results. The viscoelastic behaviors related to momentum, thermal, and solutal relaxation times are examined. It is also investigated how tri‐nanoparticles improve heat transmission in flow. The wall shear stresses for the mono‐, di‐, and tri‐nanofluids are calculated against momentum relaxation time. It is observed that tri‐nanofluid exerts the highest stress on the surfaces over which it flows. Therefore, while using these fluids, the surface should be ensured to bear the stresses; otherwise, failure of the system may take place. Thus, industrial applications and additional capability of surface be ensured. This looks at influence the Deborah number on the fluid motion. Deborah number is straightforwardly connected with relaxation time and it is found that higher is Deborah number lower will be the speed of fluid. As a consequence, viscous region will be narrow down. Thus, viscous dominant region is controllable by the using fluid of higher relaxation time. A significant enhancement in the thermal performance of Maxwell fluid occurs via the dispersion of tri‐nanoparticles ().
Non‐Newtonian fluid flow over a stretching sheet in a porous medium with variable thermal conductivity under magnetohydrodynamics influence
Authors: Anwar Muhammad Shoaib , Irfan Muhammad , Muhammad Taseer 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Williamson fluid model close to a moving surface is thoroughly analysed in this work, taking into account the effects of changing thermal conductivity, and diffusion. The overall dynamics of flow are affected by the major influence of thermal conductivity variations on heat transfer. The nonlinear partial differential equations governing the system are converted into ODEs by similarity transformations, taking into consideration the effects of porous media using the Darcy model. The Runge–Kutta fourth‐order (RK4) method is used to numerically solve these equations, making it easier to examine incompressible fluid flow on the moving surface. The findings provide important new understandings of the intricate flow patterns and the development of shear layers brought about by the fluid‐surface interaction at varied thermal conductivity levels. These results improve our understanding of fluid dynamics in geophysical and atmospheric environments and are essential for the design and optimisation of engineering applications with changeable thermal characteristics.