bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chlorin e6‐Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Targeted by Angiopep‐2: Advancing Photodynamic Therapy in Glioblastoma
Authors: Pucci Carlotta , De Pasquale Daniele , Degl'Innocenti Andrea , Montorsi Margherita , Desii Andrea , Pero Marta , Martinelli Chiara , Bartolucci Martina , Petretto Andrea , Ciofani Gianni 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor known for its resistance to standard treatments. Despite surgery being a primary option, it often leads to incomplete removal and high recurrence rates. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds promise as an adjunctive treatment, but safety concerns and the need for high‐power lasers have limited its widespread use. This research addresses these challenges by introducing a novel PDT approach, using chlorin e6 (Ce6) enclosed in nanostructured lipid carriers (Ang‐Ce6‐NLCs) and targeted to GBM with the angiopep‐2 peptide. Remarkably, a single 5‐min irradiation session with LEDs at 660 nm and low power density (10 mW cm−2) proves effective against GBM, while reducing safety risks associated with high‐power lasers. Encapsulation improves Ce6 stability and performance in physiological environments, while angiopep‐2 targeting enhances delivery to GBM cells, maximizing treatment efficacy and minimizing off‐target effects. The findings demonstrate that Ang‐Ce6‐NLCs‐mediated PDT brings about a significant reduction in GBM cell viability, increases oxidative stress, reduces tumor migration, and enhances apoptosis. Overall, such treatment holds potential as a safe and efficient intraoperative removal of GBM infiltrating cells that cannot be reached by surgery, using low‐power LED light to minimize harm to surrounding healthy tissue while maximizing tumor treatment.
High‐Performance Aqueous Supercapacitors Based on a Self‐Doped n‐Type Conducting Polymer
Authors: Ohayon David , Quek Glenn , Yip Benjamin Rui Peng , Lopez‐Garcia Fernando , Ng Pei Rou , Vázquez Ricardo Javier , Andreeva Daria V. , Wang Xuehang , Bazan Guillermo C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnvironmentally‐benign materials play a pivotal role in advancing the scalability of energy storage devices. In particular, conjugated polymers constitute a potentially greener alternative to inorganic‐ and carbon‐based materials. One challenge to wider implementation is the scarcity of n‐doped conducting polymers to achieve full cells with high‐rate performance. Herein, this work demonstrates the use of a self‐doped n‐doped conjugated polymer, namely poly(benzodifurandione) (PBDF), for fabricating aqueous supercapacitors. PBDF demonstrates a specific capacitance of 202 ± 3 F g−1, retaining 81% of the initial performance over 5000 cycles at 10 A g−1 in 2 m NaCl(aq). PBDF demonstrates rate performances of up to 100 and 50 A g−1 at 1 and 2 mg cm−2, respectively. Electrochemical impedance analysis reveals a surface‐mediated charge storage mechanism. Improvements can be achieved by adding reduced graphene oxide (rGO), thereby obtaining a specific capacitance of 288 ± 8 F g−1 and high‐rate operation (270 A g−1). The performance of PBDF is examined in symmetric and asymmetric membrane‐less cells, demonstrating high‐rate performance, while retaining 83% of the initial capacitance after 100 000 cycles at 10 A g−1. PBDF thus offers new prospects for energy storage applications, showcasing both desirable performance and stability without the need for additives or binders and relying on environmentally friendly solutions.
Aggregation‐Disruption‐Induced Multi‐Scale Mediating Strategy for Anticoagulation in Blood‐Contacting Devices
Authors: Pan Mingfei , Sun Zhaoyun , Zhang Yuhao , Chen Jiangwei , Zhao Ziqian , He Hongliang , Zeng Hongbo , Li Qingguo , Gu Ning 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMinimally invasive blood‐contacting interventional devices are increasingly used to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, the risk of device‐related thrombosis remains a significant concern, particularly the formation of cycling thrombi, which pose life‐threatening risks. To better understand the interactions between these devices and blood, the initial stages of coagulation contact activation on extrinsic surfaces are investigated. Direct force measurements reveals that activated contact factors stimulate the intrinsic coagulation pathway and promote surface crosslinking of fibrin. Furthermore, fibrin aggregation is disrupted by surface‐grafted inhibitors, as confirmed by ex vivo coagulation tests. An engineered serum protein with zwitterion grafts to resist the deposition of biological species such as fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells is also developed. Simultaneously, a protease inhibitor‐based coacervate is incorporated into the coating to inhibit the intrinsic pathway effectively. The loaded coacervate can be released and reloaded through modulation of catechol‐amine interactions, facilitating material regeneration. The strategy offers a novel multi‐scale mediation strategy that simultaneously inhibits nanoscale coagulation factors and resists microscale thrombus aggregation, providing a long‐term solution for anticoagulation in blood‐contacting devices.
Self‐Assembled Biconvex Microlens Array Using Chiral Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Perera Kelum , Alyami Arwa , Adaka Alex , Himel Md Sakhawat H. , Haputhanthrige Nilanthi , Lavrentovich Oleg D. , Mann Elizabeth , Jákli Antal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecently, it is shown (Popov et al, Sci. Rep, 2017, 7, 1603) that chiral nematic liquid crystal films adopt biconvex lens shapes underwater, which may explain the formation of insect eyes, but restrict their practical application. Here it is demonstrated that chiral ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals, where the ferroelectric polarization aligns parallel to the air interface, can spontaneously form biconvex lens arrays in air when suspended in submillimeter‐size grids. Using Digital Holographic Microscopy, it is shown that the lens has a paraboloid shape and the curvature radius at the center decreases with increasing chiral dopant concentration, i.e., with decreasing helical pitch. Simultaneous measurements of the imaging properties of the lenses show the focal length depends on the pitch, thus offering tunability. The physical mechanism of formation of the self‐assembled ferroelectric nematic microlenses is also discussed.
Enhanced Optical Absorption and Emission from Monolayer WS2 Integrated Onto a TiO2 Nanohole Array
Authors: Ma Churong , Li Xinkuan , Huang Pengfei , Liu Xinyue , Yan Jiahao , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Yao Jiandong , Du Chun , Liu Ying , Li Xiangping , Guan Bai‐ou , Chen Kai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMonolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have extensive applications in the field of optics and optoelectronics by virtue of their unique band structures and excitonic properties. Although possessing high absorption coefficient and emission efficiency, they suffer from low optical absorptance due to the atomic scale thickness, which limits their photoluminescence and optoelectronic performance. In spite of intense research efforts on absorption enhancement of monolayer TMDCs by optical cavities, such as plasmonic and all‐dielectric nanoresonators, there inevitably exists a competition of absorption between them because of the loss in cavities. Here, strong absorption enhancements of monolayer WS2 integrated onto a TiO2 nanohole array fabricated by colloidal lithography are reported. It achieves theoretically a tenfold and experimentally a sixfold enhancement of absorption within monolayer WS2 near the band edge when TE and TM modes of the TiO2 nanohole array spectrally overlap with the A exciton. This result can be attributed to the near perfect reflection and near field localization properties of the resonant modes in TiO2 nanohole arrays. Further, the photoluminescence of monolayer WS2 is also significantly improved owing to the increased absorption of WS2 as well as Purcell effect. Such heterostructure paves the way for designing high‐efficiency sources, photodetectors, and photovoltaic devices.
Self–Trapped Exciton versus Band–Edge Electron Transitions: Insights of the Factors Affecting the Optical Properties of Lead–Free Sn–Halide Perovskites
Authors: Gualdrón‐Reyes Andrés F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLead–free Sn–halide perovskites (Sn–HPs) are attractive photomaterials due to their lower toxicity, and some of them with higher stability against moisture and water, compared to their Pb‐based analogous. Interestingly, Sn‐HPs can exhibit two types of optical characteristics: the first scenario is known as band‐edge electron transitions [or band‐to‐band (b‐b) emission], where accumulated electrons in the conduction band recombine with holes in the valence band, providing a close separation between the absorption edge/photoluminescence (PL) peak (small Stokes shift). The second scenario is denominated as self‐trapped exciton (STE), where intraband gap energy states are formed to trap photocarriers generated in the perovskite, producing a broadband PL and a large Stokes shift. These optical features have been suitable for developing prominent devices, but there is no consolidated explanation about the key factors influencing the emergence of b–b emission or STE in Sn‐HPs, mainly the presence of these PL mechanisms in a particular perovskite system. This review highlights how the chemical composition, structural defects, and synthetic procedures are pivotal to producing Sn‐HPs with specific b–b or STE features. This will allow the preparation of Sn‐HPs with better quality/stability, and facile modulation of their PL properties, expanding their future applicability in LCD technologies.
Multiphoton‐And SHG‐Active Pyrimidine‐Based Liquid Crystalline Thin Films Toward 3D Optical Data Storage
Authors: Nicolas Prescillia , Minon Célia , Abdallah Stephania , Chen Dong , Rizzi Giorgia , de Coene Yovan , Liu Weizhen , Jeannin Olivier , Verbiest Thierry , Clays Koen , Bellec Nathalie , Bilgin‐Eran Belkis , Akdas‐Kiliç Huriye , Malval Jean‐Pierre , Van Cleuvenbergen Stijn , Camerel Franck 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn original asymmetric achiral pyrimidine core molecule, with long carbon chains on one side and a coumarin fragment on the other, is designed. This advanced molecular structure enabled the spontaneous emergence of crystalline and liquid crystalline thin films with strong 2nd harmonic generation (SHG) without any corona polishing process or tedious deposition techniques. Moreover, pin‐pointed multiphoton absorption in the liquid crystalline phase effectively switches off the SHG signal locally and permanently, underlining its interest in 3D data storage. This prototypical material, which can be fully addressed by NLO processes, multiphoton writing, and SHG reading, paves the way for the development of efficient flexible materials for 3D optical data storage.
Ultra‐Fast Weak Light Detectors Based on van der Waals Stacked 2D Semiconductor/h‐BN Heterostructures
Authors: Ke Yuxuan , Yuan Li , Xu Wenshuo , Hu Yutao , Hao Qiaoyan , Liu Jidong , Zhu Jiaqi , Tu Yudi , Zhang Qing , Zhang Wenjing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFast and sensitive detectors for weak light are crucial in various fields like real‐time monitoring, medical diagnosis, and astronomy. However, photodetectors using 2D materials face challenges in achieving both a low detection limit for weak light and fast response. Here, a vertical vdW graphene/indium selenide (InSe)/hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) heterostructure on a gold electrode is provided, demonstrating an ultra‐low detection limit of 47.4 nW cm−2 and an ultra‐fast response speed of 327 ns. Vertical photodetectors feature nanoscale channel length, thus reducing scattering and recombination of carriers. The high potential barrier of multilayer h‐BN effectively blocks carrier transport, resulting in ultra‐low dark current and minimal power dissipation. Additionally, enhanced light absorption in InSe by the metal‐insulator‐semiconductor structure improves the sensitivity to weak light detection. More importantly, the built‐in field at the graphene/InSe interface can promote the separation of photo‐generated carriers to improve the collection efficiency. These factors jointly reduce the detection limit and response time simultaneously for weak light. This vertical vdW heterostructure comprising a 2D semiconductor/h‐BN offers a solution to make the majority of 2D semiconductors applicable in ultra‐fast weak light detectors.
Selenium Attenuates Radiation Colitis by Regulating cGAS‐STING Signaling
Authors: Xue Qian , Lai Haoqiang , Zhang Haimei , Li Guizhen , Pi Fen , Wu Qifeng , Liu Siwei , Yang Fang , Chen Tianfeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRadiation colitis is one of the most common complications in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy and there is no effective treatment in the clinic. Therefore, searching for effective agents for the treatment of radiation colitis is urgently needed. Herein, it is found that the essential element selenium (Se) is protective against radiation colitis through inhibiting X‐ray‐induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inflammation with the involvement of balancing the generation of reactive oxygen species after the irradiation. Mechanistically, Se, especially for selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), induced selenoprotein expression and then functioned to effectively restrain DNA damage response, which reduced X‐ray‐induced intestinal injury. Additionally, SeNPs treatment also restrained the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthas (cGAS)‐ stimulator of interferon genes (STING)‐TBK1‐IRF3 signaling pathway cascade, thereby blocking the transcription of inflammatory cytokine gene, IL‐6 and TNF‐α, and thus alleviating inflammation. Moreover, inducing selenoprotein expression, such as GPX4, with SeNPs in vivo can regulate intestinal microenvironment immunity and gut microbiota to attenuate radiation‐induced colitis by inhibiting oxidative stress and maintaining microenvironment immunity homeostasis. Together, these results unravel a previously unidentified modulation role that SeNPs restrained radiation colitis with the involvement of inducing selenoprotein expression but suppressing cGAS‐STING‐TBK1‐IRF3 cascade.
Predicting Molecular Ordering in Deposited Molecular Films
Authors: Scherer Christoph , Kinaret Naomi , Lin Kun‐Han , Qaisrani Muhammad Nawaz , Post Felix , May Falk , Andrienko Denis 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThin films of molecular materials are commonly employed in organic light‐emitting diodes, field‐effect transistors, and solar cells. The morphology of these organic films is shown to depend heavily on the processing used during manufacturing, such as vapor co‐deposition. However, the prediction of processing‐dependent morphologies has until now posed a significant challenge, particularly in cases where self‐assembly and ordering are involved. In this work, a method is developed based on coarse‐graining that is capable of predicting molecular ordering in vapor‐deposited films of organic materials. The method is tested on an extensive database of novel and known organic semiconductors. A good agreement between the anisotropy of the refractive indices of the simulated and experimental vapor‐deposited films suggests that the method is quantitative and can predict the molecular orientations in organic films at an atomistic resolution. The methodology can be readily utilized for screening materials for organic light‐emitting diodes.
Mechanism of Defect Passivation in Sb2Se3 Solar Cells via Buried Selenium Seed Layer
Authors: Zhang Chuanjun , Jiang Ruihao , Zheng Yonghui , Li Yaozhen , Cai Zenghua , Ma Chunlan , Cheng Yan , Chu Junhao , Tao Jiahua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractQuasi‐1D antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is known for its stable phase structure and excellent light absorption coefficient, making it a promising material for high‐efficiency light harvesting. However, the (Sb4Se6)n ribbons align horizontally, increasing defect interference and limiting vertical carrier transport. Herein, a novel strategy of burying selenium (Se) seed layers to reduce lattice mismatch at the heterojunction interface, promote crystal orientation, mitigate deep donor defects, increase P‐type carrier concentration, and purify the PN junction, is proposed. Admittance spectroscopy reveals that Sb2Se3 solar cells with Se seed layers have higher activation energies for defect states and significantly lower defect densities (1.2 × 1014, 2.7 × 1014, and 1.3 × 1015 cm−3 for D1, D2, and D3) compared to an order of magnitude higher densities in Sb2Se3 solar cells without a Se seed layer. First‐principles calculations support these findings, showing that Se seed layers create a Se‐rich environment, reducing selenium vacancies (VSe), antimony on selenium sites (SbSe), and interface defects. This dual passivation mechanism suppresses defect formation and activation, increasing carrier concentration and open‐circuit voltage (VOC). Ultimately, employing this novel method, a VOC of 498.3 mV and an efficiency of 8.42%, the highest performance reported for Sb2Se3 solar cells prepared via vapor transport deposition (VTD), are achieved.
Design and Functionalization of Lignocellulose‐Derived Silicon‐Carbon Composites for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Li Wei , Xu Ying , Wang Guanhua , Xu Ting , Si Chuanling 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSilicon/carbon (Si/C) composites present great potential as anode materials for rechargeable batteries since the materials integrate the high specific capacity and the preferable cycling stability from Si and C components, respectively. Functional Si/C composites based on lignocellulose have attracted wide attention due to the advantages from lignocellulose, including sustainability property, flexible structural tunability, and diverse physicochemical functionality. Although the flourishing development of rechargeable batteries boosts the studies on lignocellulose‐derived Si/C materials with high electrochemical performance, the publications that comprehensively clarify the design and functionalization of these high‐profile materials are still scarce. Accordingly, this review first systematically summarizes the recent advances in the structural design of lignocellulose‐derived Si/C composites after a brief clarification about the Si selection sources based on self and extraneous sources. Afterward, the functionalization strategies, including nanosizing, porosification, and magnesiothermic reduction of Si material as well as heteroatom modification of C material, are specifically highlighted. Besides, the applications of lignocellulose‐derived Si/C‐based materials in rechargeable batteries are elaborated. Finally, this review discusses the challenges and prospects of the application of lignocellulose‐derived Si/C composites for energy storage and provides a nuanced viewpoint regarding this topic.
Nebulized Immunotherapy of Orthotopic Lung Cancer by Mild Magnetothermal–Based Innate Immunity Activations
Authors: Chen Lizhu , Hu Ping , Fang Wenming , Wu Tong , Shi Jianlin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdvances in adaptive immunity have greatly contributed to the development of cancer immunotherapy. However, its over‐low efficacy and insufficient invasion of immune cells in the tumor tissue, and safety problems caused by cytokine storm, have seriously impeded further clinical application for solid tumor immunotherapy. Notably, the immune microenvironment of the lungs is naturally enriched with alveolar macrophages (AMs). Herein, we introduce a novel nebulized magnetothermal immunotherapy strategy to treat orthotopic lung cancer by using magnetothermal nanomaterial (Zn−CoFe2O4@Zn−MnFe2O4−PEG, named ZCMP), which can release iron ions via an acid/thermal‐catalytic reaction to maximize the use of lung‘s immune environment through the cascade activations of AMs and natural killer (NK) cells. Nebulized administration greatly enhance drug bioavailability by localized drug accumulation at the lesion site. Upon mild magnetic hyperthermia, the released iron ions catalyze endogenous H2O2 decomposition to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which triggers the M1 polarization of AMs, and the resultant inflammatory cytokine IFN‐β, IL‐1β and IL‐15 releases to activate c‐Jun, STAT5 and GZMB related signaling pathways, promoting NK cells proliferation and activation. This innovative strategy optimally utilizes the lung‘s immune environment and shows excellent immunotherapeutic outcomes against orthotopic lung cancer.
Water‐Soluble Aromatic Nanobelt with Unique Cellular Internalization
Authors: Günther Konstantin , Kono Hideya , Shudo Hiroki , Shimizu Daisuke , Isoda Reika , Nakamura Masayoshi , Yagi Akiko , Amaike Kazuma , Itami Kenichiro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA water‐soluble aromatic nanobelt was synthesized, and its cellular uptake behavior in HeLa cells was investigated. The late‐stage functionalization of the parent methylene‐bridged [6]cycloparaphenylene ([6]MCPP) provided an easily accessible alkyne‐functionalized nanobelt in a single reaction step. The alkyne‐substituted [6]MCPP was subjected to Cu‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition by using a dye‐attached azide to obtain a water‐soluble aromatic nanobelt. Cell‐imaging experiments on the synthesized nanobelt in HeLa cells revealed stop‐and‐go cellular uptake dynamics. Similar experiments with control molecules and theoretical studies indicated that the unique dynamics of the nanobelt was derived from the belt‐shaped structure.
Accelerated Reversible Conversion of Li2S2 to Li2S by Spidroin Regulated Li+ Flux for High‐performance Li‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Mingliang , Wu Zhen , Liu Shujun , Guo Tong , Chen Peng , Cao Xuan , Pan Shencheng , Zhou Tianhong , Pompizii Lea , Najafov Murad , Coskun Ali , Fu Yongsheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRegulating the transformation of sulfur species is the key to improving the electrochemical performance of lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries, in particular, to accelerate the reversible conversion between solid phase Li2S2 and Li2S. Herein, we introduced Spidroin, which is a main protein in spider silk, as a dual functional separator coating in Li−S batteries to effectively adsorb polysulfides via the sequence of amino acids in its primary structure and regulate Li+ flux through the β‐sheet of its secondary structure, thus accelerating the reversible transformation between Li2S2 and Li2S. Spidroin‐based Li−S cells exhibited an exceptional electrochemical performance with a high specific capacity of 744.1 mAh g−1 at 5 C and a high areal capacity of 7.5 mAh cm−2 at a low electrolyte‐to‐sulfur (E/S) ratio of 6 μL mgs−1 and a sulfur loading of 8.6 mgs cm−2.
Precise Synthesis of Dual‐Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts through Pre‐Coordination‐Directed in Situ Confinement for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Rao Peng , Han Xingqi , Sun Haochen , Wang Fangyuan , Liang Ying , Li Jing , Wu Daoxiong , Shi Xiaodong , Kang Zhenye , Miao Zhengpei , Deng Peilin , Tian Xinlong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDual‐single‐atom catalysts (DSACs) are the next paradigm shift in single‐atom catalysts because of the enhanced performance brought about by the synergistic effects between adjacent bimetallic pairs. However, there are few methods for synthesizing DSACs with precise bimetallic structures. Herein, a pre‐coordination strategy is proposed to precisely synthesize a library of DSACs. This strategy ensures the selective and effective coordination of two metals via phthalocyanines with specific coordination sites, such as −F− and −OH−. Subsequently, in situ confinement inhibits the migration of metal pairs during high‐temperature pyrolysis, and obtains the DSACs with precisely constructed metal pairs. Despite changing synthetic parameters, including transition metal centers, metal pairs, and spatial geometry, the products exhibit similar atomic metal pairs dispersion properties, demonstrating the universality of the strategy. The pre‐coordination strategy synthesized DSACs shows significant CO2 reduction reaction performance in both flow‐cell and practical rechargeable Zn‐CO2 batteries. This work not only provides new insights into the precise synthesis of DSACs, but also offers guidelines for the accelerated discovery of efficient catalysts.