bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Da cidade moderna às contemporâneas: notas para uma crítica do urbanismo modernista
Authors: Brandão Ludmila 
Published: August 2016

O texto parte da explosão urbana verificada no século XIX, em meio ao capitalismo industrial emergente e sua degenerescência, para alcançar o projeto hegemônico do urbanismo modernista que se pretende solução definitiva para as sociedades, legislando todos os espaços, normatizando todas as formas de ocupação e disciplinando os corpos e almas dos habitantes das cidades. Aborda, então, alguns impasses colocados pelo modelo de cidade moderna no Brasil e suas configurações no mundo globalizado.
A polifonia de Nájera (1367)
Authors: Guimarães Marcella Lopes 
Published: August 2016

O artigo propõe uma releitura da Batalha de Nájera (1367) a partir da leitura das crônicas medievais do castelhano Pero Lopez de Ayala, do francês Jean Froissart e do português Fernão Lopes. Convoca o conceito bakhtiniano da polifonia como disciplina imposta ao historiador, não como emergência anacrônica na Idade Média.
Investigations of re-hydration increase of dried sludge
Authors: Wichowski Piotr , Rozbicki Tomasz 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Investigations of re-hydration increase of dried sludge. The main aim of the research was to determine a susceptibility of a dried sludge to a re-hydration increase. The paper presents the results of investigations for a sludge which had been dried to ca. 86% of dry mass and stored in an airy place under roof during 2.5 years. As well, trials were carried out for a completely dried sludge (0% of water), stored outside under roof as well as inside in a laboratory room. To determine a maximum level of humidity increase, the results of re-hydration increase were presented for a sludge stored in conditions of capillary ascent. Additionally, a density, porosity and bulk density were determined for the investigated sludge
Influence of meteorological conditions on the yield of winter oilseed rape in Lower Silesia
Authors: Dzieżyc Halina , Chmura Kazimierz , Piotrowski Maciej 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Influence of meteorological conditions on the yield of winter oilseed rape in Lower Silesia. This work uses the results of Post-registration Cultivar and Agricultural Experimentation conducted in 1999-2011 in Lower Silesia, on soils of very good and good wheat complex. The rape vegetation season was divided into five periods that approximately corresponded to the phenological phases of the plant, namely: September-November (from sowing to stemming the growing season in the autumn), December-March (stunted vegetation - renewal of vegetation), April (renewal of vegetation - the beginning of flowering), May (flowering), June (end of flowering - technical maturity). In the constructed regression model the following factors were included: the average air temperature and total precipitation in the periods, the content of phosphorus, potassium and pH of soil and fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Comparing the impact of meteorological conditions in different growing periods of winter rape, it was found that the weakest impact on the yield had temperature and precipitation from September to November. During this period, the optimum for yield are the following conditions: average temperature 10.4°C and precipitation total 145 mm. The winter period (December- March) has the strongest impact on the yield of rape. The yield is conspicuously higher with lower average air temperatures. Optimal for yield is precipitation of 171 mm (highest tested) and a relatively low average air temperature (-0.9°C). In April, the decisive factor is rainfall. Its lower values (12 mm) favour higher yield. The optimum weather in this period is 12 mm precipitation and average temperature of 9.1°C. Rape yield increases with increasing average air temperature in May and is highest when its value is 15°C and rainfall in this month is above average (73 mm). The weather in June has less impact on rape crop than in the three previous periods. The optimal layout is: 27 mm precipitation and temperature 16°C, these values being the smallest tested
Interactions of mercury in the environment
Authors: Małuszyńska Ilona , Popenda Agnieszka , Małuszyński Marcin J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Interactions of mercury in the environment. Mercury is a pollutant of global concern largely due to its potential for biological transformation into harmful forms and bioaccumulation through the food chains. Mercury is not able to biodegrade in the environment and it forms many toxic inorganic and organic complexes. The strongest harmful effects of mercury concerns the central nervous system. The harmful effects of mercury is very stable, because the mercury compounds bind to enzymes. Getting into the brain, mercury displace zinc from brain tissue, and thus reduces the efficiency of the brain. Then excreted in the cell nuclei and destroys the genetic material. The antagonism between zinc and mercury partially modifies its toxic effects. Mercury is combined with active groups of proteins and amino acids, accumulating in the body. Selenium has similar affinity, limiting connects these groups with mercury, reducing its toxicity. Antagonists are also cadmium, mercury and zinc, but their effects are most likely related with the action of selenium. Antagonist for mercury is also iodine content in the thyroid gland which is lowered, the excessive concentration of mercury in the body. It is known that taking selenium, zinc and thiols, e.g. GSH and NAC, are of prime importance in considering effects on human organisms as well as the level of its excretion. Due to the fact that interactions are dynamic and poorly understood at present the better understanding of their role requires the further studies. Despite that have been identified interactions between elements and mercury, limiting its toxic effects, we still do not have sufficient knowledge about how to reduce the negative effects of this element on the human body. The definition of what is an acceptable daily dose of mercury for humans also does not quarantee protection of the health, because we do not know the exact limits of tolerance for different follow-up effects of prolonged exposure to low concentrations. It should also be pointed out that the interactions are dynamic and weakly understood at present. The better understanding of the role the afore-mentioned particles may be crucial in the to study the interaction between mercury and various environmental components and to find a substance that interacts with mercury to reduce its toxicity to living organisms
Frida Kahlo: Portrait of Chronic Pain
Authors: Courtney Carol A. , O'Hearn Michael A. , Franck Carla C. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The Mexican artist Frida Kahlo (1907–1954) is one of the most celebrated artists of the 20th century. Although famous for her colorful self-portraits and associations with celebrities Diego Rivera and Leon Trotsky, less known is the fact that she had lifelong chronic pain. Frida Kahlo developed poliomyelitis at age 6 years, was in a horrific trolley car accident in her teens, and would eventually endure numerous failed spinal surgeries and, ultimately, limb amputation. She endured several physical, emotional, and psychological traumas in her lifetime, yet through her art, she was able to transcend a life of pain and disability. Of her work, her self-portraits are conspicuous in their capacity to convey her life experience, much of which was imbued with chronic pain. Signs and symptoms of chronic neuropathic pain and central sensitization of nociceptive pathways are evident when analyzing her paintings and medical history. This article uses a narrative approach to describe how events in the life of this artist contributed to her chronic pain. The purpose of this article is to discuss Frida Kahlo's medical history and her art from a modern pain sciences perspective, and perhaps to increase our understanding of the pain experience from the patient's perspective.
The health and economic burden of bloodstream infections caused by antimicrobial-susceptible and non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus in European hospitals, 2010 and 2011: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Stewardson Andrew J , Allignol Arthur , Beyersmann Jan , Graves Nicholas , Schumacher Martin , Meyer Rodolphe , Tacconelli Evelina , De Angelis Giulia , Farina Claudio , Pezzoli Fabio , Bertrand Xavier , Gbaguidi-Haore Houssein , Edgeworth Jonathan , Tosas Olga , Martinez Jose A , Ayala-Blanco M Pilar , Pan Angelo , Zoncada Alessia , Marwick Charis A , Nathwani Dilip , Seifert Harald , Hos Nina , Hagel Stefan , Pletz Mathias , Harbarth Stephan ,   the TIMBER Study Group
Published: August 2016

We performed a multicentre retrospective cohort study including 606,649 acute inpatient episodes at 10 European hospitals in 2010 and 2011 to estimate the impact of antimicrobial resistance on hospital mortality, excess length of stay (LOS) and cost. Bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (3GCRE), meticillin-susceptible (MSSA) and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) increased the daily risk of hospital death (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34–2.42, HR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.49–2.20 and HR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.66–3.51, respectively) and prolonged LOS (9.3 days; 95% CI: 9.2–9.4, 11.5 days; 95% CI: 11.5–11.6 and 13.3 days; 95% CI: 13.2–13.4, respectively). BSI with third-generation cephalosporin-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (3GCSE) significantly increased LOS (5.9 days; 95% CI: 5.8–5.9) but not hazard of death (1.16; 95% CI: 0.98–1.36). 3GCRE significantly increased the hazard of death (1.63; 95% CI: 1.13–2.35), excess LOS (4.9 days; 95% CI: 1.1–8.7) and cost compared with susceptible strains, whereas meticillin resistance did not. The annual cost of 3GCRE BSI was higher than of MRSA BSI. While BSI with S. aureus had greater impact on mortality, excess LOS and cost than Enterobacteriaceae per infection, the impact of antimicrobial resistance was greater for Enterobacteriaceae.
Bed sites as thermal refuges for a cold‐adapted ungulate in summer
Authors: McCann Nicholas P. , Moen Ron A. , Windels Steve K. , Harris Tara R. 
Published: August 2016

Ungulates that are adapted to cold climates may use bed sites as thermal refuges during summer. At the southern edge of their distribution moose Alces alces often encounter ambient summer temperatures above their upper critical temperature. Summer is also when moose increase food consumption and metabolism, which increases heat generation that must typically be lost at bed sites. To determine if moose use bed sites that enable heat loss when temperatures are hot, we randomly sampled bed sites of moose from across the entire range of ambient summer temperatures. We calculated kernel density estimates for each day and night using GPS locations collected each 20 min for an entire summer to identify bed sites. Kernel density estimates identified bed sites accurately. During the day, moose bedded under lowland forest canopies where substrates had high water content. At night, bed sites were in openings which are associated with greater browse availability and net heat loss. Lowland forests interspersed with openings should help moose to maintain thermal balance during summer. Because thermoregulatory behavior is linked with fitness, thermal refuges should be especially important in areas where moose population declines have been positively correlated with warming temperatures.
Survival and cause‐specific mortality of female eastern wild turkeys in two frequently‐burned longleaf pine savannas
Authors: Little Andrew R. , Benson John F. , Chamberlain Michael J. , Conner L. Mike , Warren Robert J. 
Published: August 2016

Longleaf pine savannas have declined throughout the southeastern United States due to land‐use change. Fortunately, natural resource professionals are currently restoring these ecologically and economically important savannas. Although efforts are underway to restore longleaf pine savannas, little information exists on female eastern wild turkeyMeleagris gallopavo silvestrispopulation dynamics in these systems. Therefore, we evaluated survival and cause‐specific mortality of female eastern wild turkeys in two longleaf pine savannas in southwestern Georgia. We radio‐marked 126 female wild turkeys during 2010–2013 and monitored their survival; 66 (52.4%) radio‐marked females died during the study. We estimated causes of death for 37 mortality events with predation serving as the leading known cause of mortality, with 35.1% of mortalities attributed to mesocarnivore predation (e.g., bobcatLynx rufus, coyoteCanis latrans, and gray foxUrocyon cinereoargenteus) and 18.9% to great‐horned owlBubo virginianuspredation. One female (2.7%) was hit by a vehicle. Seasonal survival estimates varied from a high during fall (Ŝ = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.86–1.00) to a low during spring (Ŝ = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.68–0.87). Survival of incubating females was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71–0.93) and survival of nonincubating females was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.52–0.87). Annual survival was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.44–0.67). To ensure sustainable wild turkey populations in longleaf pine savannas, we suggest managers monitor relationships between survival and population productivity.
The application of adult traumatic brain injury models in a pediatric cohort
Authors: Young Adam M. H. , Guilfoyle Mathew R. , Fernandes Helen , Garnett Matthew R. , Agrawal Shruti , Hutchinson Peter J. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE
There is increasing interest in the use of predictive models of outcome in adult head injury. Two international models have been identified to be reliable modalities for predicting outcome: the Corticosteroid Randomisation After Significant Head Injury (CRASH) model, and the International Mission on Prognosis and Analysis of randomized Controlled Trials in TBI (IMPACT) model. However, these models are designed only to identify outcomes in adult populations.

METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed on pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Addenbrooke's Hospital between January 2009 and December 2013. The individual risk of 14-day mortality was calculated using the CRASH-Basic and -CT models, and the risk of 6-month mortality calculated using the IMPACT-Core and -Extended (including CT findings) models. Model accuracy was determined by standardized mortality ratio (SMtR; observed/expected deaths), discrimination was evaluated as the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC), and calibration assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 test.

RESULTS
Ninety-four patients with an average age of 7.3 years were admitted to the PICU with a TBI. The mortality rate was 12.7% at 14 days and at 6 months. For the CRASH-Basic model, the SMtR was 1.42 and both calibration (χ2 = 6.1, p = 0.64) and discrimination (AUROC = 0.92) were good. For the IMPACT-Core model, the SMtR was 1.03 and the model was also well calibrated (χ2 = 8.99, p = 0.34) and had good discrimination (AUROC = 0.85). Poor outcome was observed in 17% of the cohort and identified with the CRASH-Basic and IMPACT-Core models to varying degrees: standardized morbidity ratio = 0.89 vs 0.67, respectively; calibration = 6.5 (χ2) and 0.59 (p value) versus 8.52 (χ2) and 0.38 (p value), respectively; and discrimination (AUROC) = 0.92 versus 0.83, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Adult head injury models may be applied with sufficient accuracy to identify predictors of morbidity and mortality in pediatric TBI.
STUDY OF GRB LIGHT-CURVE DECAY INDICES IN THE AFTERGLOW PHASE
Authors: Vecchio Roberta Del , Dainotti Maria Giovanna , Ostrowski Michał 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
In this work, we study the distribution of temporal power-law decay indices, α, in the gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow phase, fitted for 176 GRBs (139 long GRBs, 12 short GRBs with extended emission, and 25 X-ray flashes) with known redshifts. These indices are compared with the temporal decay index, α

W
, derived with the light-curve fitting using the Willingale et al. model. This model fitting yields similar distributions of α

W
to the fitted α, but for individual bursts a difference can be significant. Analysis of (α, L

a
) distribution, where L

a
is the characteristic luminosity at the end of the plateau, reveals only a weak correlation of these quantities. However, we discovered a significant regular trend when studying GRB α values along the Dainotti et al. correlation between L

a
and the end time of the plateau emission in the rest frame,

, hereafter LT correlation. We note a systematic variation of the α parameter distribution with luminosity for any selected

. We analyze this systematics with respect to the fitted LT correlation line, expecting that the presented trend may allow us to constrain the GRB physical models. We also attempted to use the derived correlation of

versus

to diminish the luminosity scatter related to the variations of α along the LT distribution, a step forward in the effort of standardizing GRBs. A proposed toy model accounting for this systematics applied to the analyzed GRB distribution results in a slight increase of the LT correlation coefficient.
STARK BROADENING OF HIGH-ORDER RADIO RECOMBINATION LINES TOWARD THE ORION NEBULA
Authors: Alexander J. , Gulyaev S. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the results of observations and analyses of 41

hydrogen radio recombination lines from the Orion nebula (M42) at 5.5 to 6.5 GHz, with a spectral sensitivity (channel-to-channel standard deviation) of

. Observations were conducted at the Australia Telescope Compact Array. A 1 GHz bandwidth allowed simultaneous detection of up to 11 spectral lines of equal

that were stacked to enable accurate measurement of line widths. Collisional widths in the range of principal quantum numbers n from 100 to 179 are found to be consistent with predictions of electron impact Stark broadening theory. An Orion nebula model with density inhomogeneities (clumps) and gradients of temperature and density is consistent with our data. We reanalyze the data of Smirnov et al. and Bell et al. and find excellent agreement between all statistically significant measurements and theory. Our findings confirm the absence of line narrowing for n = 100...179.
<b> Comportamento sexual das mulheres em tratamento radioterápico / Sexual behavior of women in radiotherapytreatment <b>
Authors: Hammerschmidt Karina Silveira de Almeida , Rosa Luciana Martins da , Alvarez Angela Maria , Radunz Vera , Tomasi Andrelise Viana Rosa , Valcarenghi Rafaela Vivian 
Published: August 2016

As mulheres com câncer submetidas à radioterapia, teleterapia e/ou braquiterapia podem ter alteração no comportamento sexual, com influência nos aspectos psicossociais, sexuais e funcionais, bem como na qualidade de vida. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as evidências científicas relacionadas ao comportamento sexual e qualidade de vida de mulheres que realizaram tratamento com radioterapia. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo revisão integrativa. A coleta dos dados foi realizada no mês de maio de 2014, e ocorreu por meio da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, a partir das bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE, através da combinação dos descritores: “sexual behaviorandradiotherapy” e “sexual behaviorandbrachytherapy”. Foram selecionados 23 estudos para compor a amostra sem tempo limite. Com a intenção de promover os contributos da produção do conhecimento sobre o comportamento sexual/sintomas após tratamento de câncer em mulheres com braquiterapia e radioterapia, emergindo dois eixos temáticos: alterações psicossociais, sexuais e funcionais; qualidade de vida. Identifica-se que é necessária ação multidisciplinar direcionada as mulheres com câncer em relação à sexualidade, há fragilidade no cuidado voltado a essas. Tal assistência necessita ser planejada para a mulher e seu parceiro, de forma que a convivência com o câncer e tratamento seja de qualidade.
Surface roughness of restorative materials after immersion in mouthwashes
Authors: Bohner Lauren Oliveira Lima , de Godoi Ana Paula Terossi , Ahmed Ahad Shahid , Neto Pedro Tortamano , Catirse Alma Blasida Concepcion Elizaur Benitez 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the surface roughness of resin composite and ceramic material after immersion in mouthwashes. Methodology: Thirty specimens of resin composite and ceramic material were prepared with a stainless steel matrix (6 mm × 2 mm). The samples of each material were divided into three groups (n = 10), according to the mouthwashes: Distilled water (DW), chlorhexidine (CL) 0.12%, and cetylpyridinium chloride (CC). Specimens were individually submitted to the immersion cycle in 15 mL of mouthwash for 30 days, three times per day, for 1 min/cycle. Surface roughness measurements were performed at three different time intervals: Before the first cycle (T0), after 7 (T1), and 30 days (T2) of immersion. Data were analyzed by the two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (P ≤ 0.05). Results: There was no statistically significant difference in surface roughness of resin composite among mouthwashes (DW - 1.4 ± 0.13 μm; CL - 1.16 ± 0.13 μm; CC - 1.18 ± 0.13 μm). Surface roughness was statistically significantly lower after 30 days (T2-0.56 ± 0.60 μm) compared with the initial period (T0-1.63 ± 0.60 μm) and after 7 days (T1-1.57 ± 0.60 μm). For ceramic material, CC (3.75 ± 0.60 μm) caused a higher level of surface roughness compared with DW (2.57 ± 0.60 μm) and CL (3.39 ± 0.60 μm). There was no statistically significant difference among the different time intervals (T0-3.05 ± 0.18 μm; T1-3.41 ± 0.18 μm; T2-3.26 ± 0.18 μm). Conclusion: Mouthwashes did not promote a significant change in surface roughness of composite resin. Cetylpyridinium chloride promoted an increase in surface roughness of dental ceramic.
Physical properties of acrylic resin teeth submitted to toothbrushing and immersion in beverages
Authors: Pero Ana Carolina , Borghi Izabela , Marin Danny Omar Mendoza , Policastro Vivian Barnabé , de Oliveira Norberto Martins , Compagnoni Marco Antonio 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background: Brushing and consumption of dye beverages may alter the physical properties of artificial teeth. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of toothbrushing and immersion in beverages in roughness and color of two types of artificial teeth: Biotone (B) and Biotone interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). Materials and Methods: For each tooth, seven groups were formed (n = 10): Toothbrushing (T), toothbrushing + water (TW), toothbrushing + coke (TCk), toothbrushing + coffee (TCf), immersion in water (W), coke (Ck), coffee (Cf). Roughness and color stability evaluations were performed before treatment and after treatment. According to the group, 11,000 brushing cycles were performed and specimens were immersed in beverages for 12 days, both simulating a period of 1 year. Color variations were captured by a spectrophotometer and roughness was analyzed by a profilometer. Color data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Least significant difference test whereas roughness data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni test, both with α=0.05. Results: For Biotone, clinical significant color changes according to National Bureau of Standards (NBS) units were observed for the Groups T, TW, W, and Ck, and the results of ∆E were statistically similar among them (P > 0.05). For Biotone IPN, clinical significant color changes were found for TCf (4.86 NBS units) and Cf (4.82), and the results of ∆E were also similar among them. Surface roughness Ra (μm), regardless of the teeth, was reduced for the groups submitted to toothbrushing whereas no significant differences were found among the Groups W, Ck, and Cf. Conclusions: Toothbrushing had no influence on the color stability but significantly reduced the roughness, irrespective of the type of tooth.