bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Systemic Inflammation Markers Reliable for Diagnosing Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy? A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Özkan Sadullah , Aksan Alperen , Kurt Dilara , Kurt Ahmet , Fıratlıgil Fahri B. , Sucu Serap , Sucu Sadun , Reis Yıldız A. , Öztürk Burcu G. , Çağlar Ali T. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTProblemThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of inflammation indexes (systemic immune‐inflammation index [SII], systemic inflammation response index [SIRI], pan‐immune inflammation value [PIV], and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio [NLR]) in the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).Method of StudyA retrospective study was conducted, reviewing medical records of patients diagnosed with ICP who delivered between October 1, 2022, and May 31, 2023, at the Perinatology clinic of Etlik City Hospital, Ankara. A control group of healthy pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies was also included. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and laboratory results, including systemic inflammation indices and liver enzyme levels, were collected and analyzed.ResultsA total of 242 participants were included, with 121 ICP patients and 121 controls. White blood cell count, neutrophil count, and monocyte count showed significant differences between the two groups (p = 0.011, p = 0.004, and p = 0.039, respectively). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly elevated in the ICP group (p < 0.001 for both). SII and NLR were higher in the ICP group compared to controls (p = 0.032 and p = 0.010, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed moderate predictive values for SII (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.581, p = 0.030) and NLR (AUC = 0.598, p = 0.009), with no significant difference in their predictive power (p = 0.502).ConclusionsSystemic inflammation indices such as SII and NLR offer a cost‐effective and rapid means of diagnosing ICP, potentially complementing or surpassing traditional biomarkers like bile acid levels and liver function tests (LFTs). These indices can be easily integrated into routine clinical practice, providing timely intervention to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and establish standardized protocols for their use in ICP management.
Scoping review finds insufficient evidence on potential risks of procedural sedation with dexmedetomidine in children
Authors: Båtelsson Anna , Lannsjö Claudia , Fläring Urban , Rooyackers Olav 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimDexmedetomidine is commonly used in hospitals for sedation during procedurals. It has been considered safe even though studies have shown that it may cause bradycardia and hypotension. The aim of this study was to map the current evidence regarding potential risks of sedation of children with dexmedetomidine.MethodsTwo database searches were conducted to gather all articles published through 30 January 2024 that matched the inclusion criteria. PubMed and Embase were chosen for the initial search. Search terms were chosen to create a broad systematic search that would include articles reporting adverse events during procedural sedation on children. From the included articles, data on type of sedation, administration, patient characteristics, endpoints and number of adverse events were collected.ResultsAfter the initial search, 357 individual papers were screened and 41 papers were included. The most common adverse event reported was bradycardia. In almost 40% of the articles that measured oxygen saturation, one or more incidents of desaturation occurred. 27% reported that interventions to prevent further harm were preformed, most of the interventions were to improve oxygenation.ConclusionThere is a need for further investigation regarding adverse events, especially respiratory adverse events during sedation with dexmedetomidine.
Review article: The role of the gut–brain axis in inflammatory bowel disease and its therapeutic implications
Authors: Riggott Christy , Ford Alexander C. , Gracie David J. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryBackgroundTreatments targeting the gut–brain axis (GBA) are effective at reducing symptom burden in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The prevalence of common mental disorders and IBS‐type symptom reporting is significantly higher in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than would be expected, suggesting potential GBA effects in this setting. Manipulation of the GBA may offer novel treatment strategies in selected patients with IBD. We present a narrative review of the bi‐directional effects of the GBA in IBD and explore the potential for GBA‐targeted therapies in this setting.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMBASE Classic, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant articles published by March 2024.ResultsThe bi‐directional relationship between psychological well‐being and adverse longitudinal disease activity outcomes, and the high prevalence of IBS‐type symptom reporting highlight the presence of GBA‐mediated effects in IBD. Treatments targeting gut–brain interactions including brain–gut behavioural treatments, neuromodulators, and dietary interventions appear to be useful adjunctive treatments in a subset of patients.ConclusionsPsychological morbidity is prevalent in patients with IBD. The relationship between longitudinal disease activity outcomes, IBS‐type symptom reporting, and poor psychological health is mediated via the GBA. Proactive management of psychological health should be integrated into routine care. Further clinical trials of GBA‐targeted therapies, conducted in selected groups of patients with co‐existent common mental disorders, or those who report IBS‐type symptoms, are required to inform effective integrated models of care in the future.
Social class group identity, intergroup attitudes, and views on social mobility and inequality in the U.K. and the U.S.
Authors: Elenbaas Laura , McGuire Luke , Ackerman Amanda , Kneeskern Ellen , Kinnard Lauren , Farooq Aqsa , Law Fidelia , Makanju Damilola , Ebert Kaili , Mistry Rashmita S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDrawing on social identity theory (SIT), this study explored social class group identity, intergroup attitudes, and views about social mobility and inequality among socioeconomically and racially/ethnically diverse adults in the U.K. (n = 457) and the U.S. (n = 595). U.K. participants evidenced greater consensus about the social class groups present in their society than did U.S. participants, but lower, working, middle, and upper class were commonly perceived in both contexts, and many participants self‐identified as working class (38% U.K., 17% U.S.) or middle class (45% U.K., 47% U.S.) Consistent with SIT, participants in both contexts identified with their social class ingroup (e.g., felt they belonged) and stereotyped it less harshly on dimensions (warmth or competence) on which it was generally negatively stereotyped. Importantly, middle and upper class participants tended to feel more positively (e.g., proud) about their ingroup, and believed society was more fair and equal, and upward mobility more likely, than did lower and working class participants.
Consolidating the Role of Mutated ATP2B2 in Neurodevelopmental and Cerebellar Pathologies
Authors: Stehr Antonia M. , Lenberg Jerica , Friedman Jennifer , Dobbelaere Dries , Imbard Apolline , Levy Jonathan , Donoghue Sarah , Derive Nicolas , Stoeva Radka , Gueguen Paul , Zech Michael 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPlasma membrane calcium ATPases (PMCAs) encoded by ATP2B genes have been implicated in Mendelian diseases with ataxia, dystonia, and intellectual disability. Work to date has shown that ATP2B2 (encoding PMCA2) is required for synaptic function and Purkinje‐cell integrity in the cerebellum. A recent case series has linked ATP2B2 to a novel entity, characterized by neurodevelopmental and movement phenotypes, in only seven individuals. We called for collaboration to collect five unpublished families affected by the new rare ATP2B2‐related condition. Exome‐/genome sequencing‐identified genotypes included four likely pathogenic/pathogenic heterozygous de novo missense variants and one dominantly inherited end‐truncating frameshift allele. The six affected individuals shared features with the described patients including developmental delay, cognitive disturbances, epilepsy, autistic traits, and motor disorders. Striking cerebellar atrophy was observed in one affected individual. In association with hearing loss and movement abnormalities, we report a recurrent p.(Glu457Lys) substitution, previously documented in a neurologically impaired ATP2B2 mouse mutant. Our study further delineates the mutational spectrum and presentation of a human syndrome caused by ATP2B2 variants, confirming the importance of PMCA2 in neurotypical and cerebellar development.
Contents of sensitising rubber accelerators in disposable rubber gloves: A Copenhagen market survey
Authors: Kursawe Larsen Christoffer , Schwensen Jakob F. B. , Zachariae Claus , Svedman Cecilia , Johansen Jeanne D. , Bergendorff Ola 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundRubber gloves contain rubber accelerators that may cause contact allergy. The content of sensitising rubber accelerators in contemporary rubber gloves is not well known.ObjectivesIdentify and quantify the content of rubber accelerators in disposable rubber gloves.MethodsFifty‐one gloves of 49 different brands were collected. Forty‐eight of the gloves were disposable and three re‐usable. The gloves were analysed for their content of sensitising rubber accelerators, that is, zinc dithiocarbamates, thiurams, thiazoles/benzothiazoles, diphenylguanidine, and thioureas by high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsRubber accelerators were identified in 43/48 (90%) of the disposable gloves. In total, 39 gloves contained zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZDBC) (0.18–1.96 mg/g), 34 zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) (0.032–2.78 mg/g), three zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate (0.65–1.4 mg/g), one zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate (0.23 mg/g), and one 1,3‐diphenylguanidine (0.21 mg/g). 2‐cyanoethyl dimethyldithiocarbamate (CEDMC) was identified in three gloves (<0.052 mg/g). The one glove labelled as accelerator free contained ZDBC (1.07 mg/g). Only few glove packages had the specific content of rubber accelerators labelled.ConclusionsThe most frequent rubber accelerators in rubber gloves are ZDEC and ZDBC. Accelerator‐free gloves may contain rubber accelerators. Full labelling of rubber gloves is needed and producers should be sure not to falsely claim that the rubber gloves are free of rubber accelerators.
Enhancing Early Adolescents' Sense of Responsibility: The Roles of Different Needs‐Based Support in Teaching Practices
Authors: Ma Junkui , Zhang Yixin , Huang Haoyan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCultivating responsible future citizens is of increasing importance in school education. The objective of this study is to identify the most prominent factors from the school needs‐based support that enhance early adolescents' sense of responsibility, using Self‐Determination Theory as the framework. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 3034 10‐year‐old Finnish students (from 513 classes, with 50.4% female) and their teachers from the OECD Survey on Social and Emotional Skills. Hierarchical linear modelling was adopted, revealing the following key results: (1) contrary to the expectation, competence evaluation and relatedness support exhibited strong effects on adolescents' sense of responsibility, whereas the effect of autonomy support was indirect; (2) regarding competence evaluation, mastery evaluation emerged as the most effective strategy, whereas ability differentiation in tasks had the most adverse effect; (3) sense of school belonging emerged as a more beneficial form of relatedness support compared with perceived teachers' emotional support and (4) guided inquiry showed indirect associations through its effects on mastery evaluation and two types of relatedness support. Findings imply the most effective needs‐based supports and related teaching practices to nurture adolescents' sense of responsibility.
Enhancing Gifted Students' Creative Thinking Through Science Laboratory
Authors: Coştu Fatma 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to examine the impact of the Predict‐Explain‐Observe‐Discuss‐Explain (PEODE)‐based laboratory on enhancing the verbal and figural creativity of gifted students. The quasi‐experimental research design utilised a pre‐ and post‐test approach with a non‐equivalent control group, consisting of 60 sixth‐grade gifted students. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups: the experimental group (EG; n = 30) and the control group (CG; n = 30). During the study, the control group underwent traditional laboratory tasks, whereas the experimental group participated in PEODE‐based laboratory tasks. Both groups engaged in laboratory work for a total of 16 h. Data were collected using the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) scale, and statistical analysis methods were applied. The results revealed significant differences in favour of the EG regarding both verbal and figural creativity. These findings suggest that the PEODE‐based laboratory approach can effectively enhance the creative abilities of gifted students.
Chronotype, sleep quality, depression and pre‐sleep rumination: A diary and actigraphy study
Authors: Lamprou Efthymia , Kivelä Liia M. M. , Rohling Jos H. T. , Meijer Johanna H. , van der Does Willem , Antypa Niki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEveningness has been associated with both disturbed sleep and depression. It is unclear, however, if deprived sleep explains evening types' vulnerability to depression. The role of pre‐sleep rumination in these associations also remains understudied. The present study assessed the relationship between eveningness and sleep quality, as well as the possible mediating effect of pre‐sleep rumination and the moderating effect of a history of depression, under naturalistic conditions. Eighty‐eight Dutch‐speaking participants (87.5% females, 21.4 ± 3.7 years) were selected on the basis of their non‐intermediate chronotype using the Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (evening types (n = 53); morning types (n = 35)). Depression status was assessed through a diagnostic interview (healthy (n = 61); remitted depressed (n = 27)). Participants' sleep characteristics were monitored via actigraphy and sleep diaries for seven consecutive days and nights. Pre‐sleep rumination was measured via a self‐report questionnaire. Evening types had longer subjective and actigraphic sleep onset latency than morning types. Pre‐sleep rumination did not mediate the former associations but predicted longer subjective sleep onset latency. Furthermore, the relationship between chronotype and subjective sleep onset latency was moderated by depression history. Remitted depressed evening types reported longer sleep onset latency than healthy evening and morning types, possibly posing the former at a higher risk for depressive relapse. Overall, the current findings address the need to further investigate the physiological signature of circadian rhythms and sleep latency. This could serve as a foundation for the development of prevention and early intervention programs, tailored for mood and sleep disorders.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging as a new tool for molecular histopathology in epilepsy surgery
Authors: Cagnoli Cinzia , De Santis Dalia , Caccia Claudio , Bongarzone Italia , Capitoli Giulia , Rossini Laura , Rizzi Michele , Deleo Francesco , Tassi Laura , de Curtis Marco , Garbelli Rita 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy surgery is a treatment option for patients with seizures that do not respond to pharmacotherapy. The histopathological characterization of the resected tissue has an important prognostic value to define postoperative seizure outcome in these patients. However, the diagnostic classification process based on microscopic assessment remains challenging, particularly in the case of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). Imaging mass spectrometry is a spatial omics technique that could improve tissue phenotyping and patient stratification by investigating hundreds of biomolecules within a single tissue sample, without the need for target‐specific reagents.MethodsAn in situ proteomic technique called matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI) is here investigated as a potential new tool to expand conventional diagnosis on standard paraffin brain tissue sections. Unsupervised and region of interest‐based MALDI‐MSI analyses of sections from 10 FCD type IIb (FCDIIb) cases were performed, and the results were validated by immunohistochemistry.ResultsMALDI‐MSI identified distinct histopathological features and the boundaries of the dysplastic lesion. The capability to visualize the spatial distribution of well‐known diagnostic markers enabling multiplex measurements on single tissue sections was demonstrated. Finally, a fingerprint list of potential discriminant peptides that distinguish FCD core from peri‐FCD tissue was generated.SignificanceThis is the first study that explores the potential application of MALDI‐MSI in epilepsy postsurgery fixed tissue, by utilizing the well‐characterized FCDIIb features as a model. Extending these preliminary analyses to a larger cohort of patients will generate spectral libraries of molecular signatures that discriminate tissue features and will contribute to patient phenotyping.
A novel triage framework for emergency department based on machine learning paradigm
Authors: Menshawi Alaa Mohammad , Hassan Mohammad Mehedi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEmergency departments, crucial in managing patient emergencies, are often challenged by overcrowding and diagnostic errors during triage—the process that assesses the urgency of patients' conditions. Traditional triage systems, heavily dependent on human judgement, are prone to errors like under‐triage, where severe conditions are missed, delaying treatment, and over‐triage, where less severe conditions are overly prioritized, causing unnecessary resource use and morbidity. This thesis presents a novel multi‐model machine‐learning framework designed to enhance triage accuracy by evaluating multiple medical conditions concurrently, including chronic illnesses like heart disease. The framework employs various machine‐learning techniques—such as logistic regression, support vector machines, random forests, deep neural networks, and decision trees—to analyze different medical conditions in two comprehensive phases. In the first phase, patients' conditions are categorized, and a multi‐tiered analysis using multiple classifiers refines the assessment by considering probabilistic outcomes from each classifier. The second phase synthesizes these insights into a unified and precise triage decision, distinguishing between patients who require critical care and those needing less urgent hospitalization. This integration of diverse machine learning models allows for a fused and precise triage decision, overcoming traditional triage systems' limitations that usually focus on single conditions and rely on isolated model predictions. A hybrid feature selection method is also utilized to identify critical predictors, enhancing the decision‐making process. The framework is validated through a specially curated dataset that simulates multiple triage scenarios, evaluated by medical experts for efficacy. Comparative analysis with traditional triage methods demonstrates significant improvements in decision accuracy, as evidenced by higher area under curve (AUC) values—0.95 for critical care and 0.90 for hospitalization. The implementation of this data‐driven approach substantially reduces human error, boosts operational efficiency, and aids medical staff in making rapid, informed decisions. This research represents a significant advancement in emergency medical care, illustrating the benefits of integrating sophisticated machine learning techniques to improve patient outcomes and resource management.
In vitro evidence that the vasorelaxant effects of 2‐nitro‐1‐phenyl‐1‐propanol on rat coronary arteries involve cyclic nucleotide pathways
Authors: Vasconcelos‐Silva Alfredo Augusto , Paula Suliana Mesquita , Lima‐Silva Karine , de Gadelha Kalinne Kelly Lima , de Siqueira Rodrigo José Bezerra , dos Santos Armenio Aguiar , Lahlou Saad , de Freitas Lima Ricardo , Magalhães Pedro Jorge Caldas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe synthetic nitro‐alcohol 2‐nitro‐1‐phenyl‐1‐propanol (NPP) has endothelium‐independent relaxing properties in isolated preparations of rat aorta and mesenteric artery. In this study, we investigated whether the vasodilator effects occur in coronary vessels and explored whether hyperpolarization is involved in the underlying mechanism of NPP‐induced smooth muscle relaxation. The relaxing responses were studied in isolated preparations of the left anterior descending coronary (ADC) and the septal coronary (SC) arteries, which had been previously maintained under sustained contraction induced by the thromboxane A2 analogue U‐46619. Administered cumulatively, NPP elicited concentration‐dependent vasorelaxation with similar potency in both vessels. The relaxant effect remained unaffected by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L‐NAME, the protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide IV and the Rho‐associated protein kinase inhibitor Y‐27632. However, it was significantly diminished by the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor MDL‐12,330A, the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ, as well as the K+ channel inhibitors tetraethylammonium and CsCl. In ADC preparations impaled with intracellular micropipettes, NPP hyperpolarized the vascular preparation. When the isolated preparation was precontracted by 5‐hydroxytryptamine or 80 mM KCl, NPP‐induced relaxation with lower pharmacological potency compared to the vessels contracted by U‐46619. In conclusion, NPP exhibits vasorelaxant effects on rat coronary arteries, likely involving pathways that include cyclic nucleotide production and membrane hyperpolarization.
Enhancing Sustainability and Conservation of White Shrimp Penaeus schmitti in Northeast Brazil: Insights Into Life History, Reference Points, and Management Strategies for Beach Seining
Authors: Castro‐Neto Hildemário , Craveiro Cecília , Santos Lucas , Silva Emanuell F. B. , Soares Roberta , Peixoto Sílvio 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTArtisanal fishing significantly not only contributes to socioeconomic development of numerous countries but also exerts pressure on natural populations. The white shrimp (Penaeus schmitti) is a key species in Brazilian artisanal fisheries, yet it is currently classified as data‐deficient. Conducting comprehensive studies on its population dynamics is essential to establish reference points that guarantee sustainable fishing. Therefore, we estimated population parameters to assess status of the white shrimp stock captured by beach seining in Northeast Brazil. Monthly samples of white shrimp were collected using a beach trawl. Based on population parameters, the white shrimp population in the study area, the sex ratio was 1 male to 1.29 females, with females larger and heavier than males. Weight–length relationships revealed positive allometric growth for males, females, and grouped sexes, with no significant difference between sexes. Asymptotic length, t_achor, and growth performance index also did not differ between sexes; however, the growth coefficient was higher for females. Beach trawling in northeastern Brazil predominantly targeted adult white shrimp, with carapace length at first capture (Lc50) averaging 2.12 cm for females and 2.19 cm for males. Mortality and exploitation rates were below maximum sustainable levels, so the stock was classified as underexploited. Overall, beach‐seine fishing was less harmful to this stock (F = 1.42) than motorized fishing and can be considered a sustainable fishing activity for the white shrimp population.