bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of ecological momentary assessment in measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviour in shift and non-shift workers
Authors: Monnaatsie Malebogo , Biddle Stuart J.H. , Kolbe-Alexander Tracy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Previous studies assessing shift workers’ behaviours have mainly used self-report recall questionnaires, however these measures don’t always account for variations in work schedules. Alternative methods that allow for real-time assessments tailored to capture variations in work patterns might provide more accurate measures of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), which provides real-time evaluations of PA and SB in shift workers. A secondary aim was to compare shift workers and non-shift worker responses.

Methods
Participants (n = 120; 58% female, mean Mage=36.0), included 69 shift workers and 51 non-shift workers. After downloading the EMA app, shift workers received either interval-contingent tailored (SW-T) or standardized EMA prompts (SW-S) over 7–10 days, while non-shift workers received standardized prompts (NSW-S) for seven days. Prompts were scheduled five times daily, every three hours. The EMA survey asked participants to report their current activity, including type, duration, and location of physical activity and sitting. Feasibility was assessed by analysing recruitment, retention, and compliance rates (EMA surveys completed) across SW-T, SW-S, and NSW-S groups.

Results
Approximately 78% of invited workers enrolled, and all enrolled workers completed at least one prompt on 4 out 7 days in the NSW-S and 7 out of 10 days in the SW group. Workers who chose not to participate reported unwillingness to travel for meetings (n = 14), while others did not respond (n = 20). Participants completed an average of 24 surveys per day, each one taking less than 30 s to complete. Overall, 64% of EMA surveys were started and completed. SW-S completed the least prompts (57%), while SW-T and NSW-S completed 64% and 68%, respectively (p = 0.90). On average, workers missed 36% EMA surveys which was similar for SW and NSW (p = 0.05).

Conclusion
Our study represents one of the few studies that has used EMA in the shift work population with adaptation to shift schedules. The findings showed a modest compliance to EMA. Strategies are needed to enhance compliance rates. However, EMA shows promise for capturing real-time behaviours in shift workers’ natural work environments.
Predictors and shared traits of longevity within 1 year before death in patients with schizophrenia receiving long-term care: 3-year retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Chuan-Hsun , Hsieh Tsung-Cheng 
Published: October 2024

Background
Research on schizophrenia and life expectancy has mainly focused on premature mortality.

Aims
This study investigates factors associated with longevity in patients with schizophrenia receiving long-term care and identifies shared traits among these individuals.

Method
A retrospective cross-sectional study analysing the clinical records of 138 patients with schizophrenia who died between 2015 and 2017 in a psychiatric long-term care facility was conducted. Longevity was defined by life tables drawn from the national health database. Variables were compared between longevity and control groups to determine predictors of longer lifespans. Cluster analysis was employed to identify shared traits among individuals with longevity. Causes of death by age were compared.

Results
In the long-term care setting, of the 138 participants, 45 were in the longevity group. This group had more males, lower antipsychotic doses, but more mobility issues. Significant predictors of longevity included older age at onset, longer length of stay, lower activities of daily living scores and a hypertension diagnosis. Cluster analysis revealed two patterns, suggesting that poorer health indicators did not necessarily lead to shorter lives. Fatalities caused by pneumonia were associated with a higher age, compared to those from cancer and choking.

Conclusions
Addressing modifiable risk factors enhances life expectancy in patients with schizophrenia, especially for males, while the age at onset may play a significant role. An integrated long-term care model with close monitoring and timely provision of mental and general healthcare may help extend lifespans. Further research is needed to balance long-term residential care and community-based care for elderly patients with schizophrenia.
Early-life adversity predicting the incidence of multisite chronic pain in the general population
Authors: Rouch Isabelle , Strippoli Marie-Pierre F. , Dorey Jean-Michel , Laurent Bernard , Ranjbar Setareh , Marques-Vidal Pedro-Manuel , Berna Chantal , Suter Marc , Vaucher Julien , von Gunten Armin , Preisig Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Adverse childhood events (ACEs) have been linked to widespread chronic pain (CP) in various cross-sectional studies, mainly in clinical populations. However, the independent role of different ACEs on the development of different types of CP remains elusive. Accordingly, we aimed to prospectively assess the associations between specific types of ACEs with the development of multisite CP in a large population-based cohort.

Methods
Data stemmed from the three first follow-up evaluations of CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, a prospective population-based cohort study of initially 6734 participants (age range: 35–75 years). The present sample included 1537 participants with 2161 analyzable intervals (49.7% men, mean age 57.3 years). Diagnostic criteria for ACEs were elicited using semi-structured interviews and CP was assessed by self-rating questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regressions with generalized estimating equations method analyzed the relationship between the different ACEs measured in the beginning of the interval and the risk of developing multisite CP during the follow-up. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the predictive value of ACEs on multisite CP with neuropathic features.

Results
Participants with a history of parental divorce or separation had an increased risk of developing multisite CP at during follow-up in comparison to those without (RR1.98; 95% CI 1.13–3.47). A strong association was highlighted between parental divorce or separation and the risk of subsequent CP with neuropathic characteristics (RR 4.21, 95% CI 1.45–12.18).

Conclusion
These results highlight the importance of psychotherapeutic management of people experiencing parental separation to prevent CP in the future.
OPAR: A Randomized Trial of Partial Breast Irradiation in Five Fractions Once Daily for Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Kim Do-Hoon , Théberge Valerie , Parpia Sameer , Kong Iwa , Provencher Sawyna , Yassa Michael , Perera Francisco , Lavertu Sophie , Rousseau Pierre , Lee Justin , Karam Irene , Schneider Kenneth , Levine Mark N. , Whelan Timothy J. ,   on behalf of the OPAR Study Investigators, Stevens Christiaan , Rachakonda Ramana , Hijal Tarek 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE
Previous studies suggest that external-beam partial breast irradiation (PBI) delivered twice a day can lead to increased adverse cosmesis (AC). The objective of our trial was to determine whether two regimens for PBI given once daily over 1 week resulted in acceptable AC to inform a phase III trial.

METHODS

Patients age ≥50 years with invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ, ≤3 cm in size treated by lumpectomy with negative axillary nodes were randomly assigned to external-beam PBI of 30 Gy or 27.5 Gy, each given in five fractions once daily. The primary outcome was AC (fair or poor) by photographic assessment at 2 years. Secondary outcomes included AC assessed by nurse at 2 years, by patient self-assessment at 3 years, and late toxicity. On the basis of a 17% risk of AC with whole-breast irradiation, the upper bound of a two-sided 90% CI, 23% was set as the tolerance margin (OPAR, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT02637024
).

RESULTS
In total, 142 patients were randomly assigned to 30 Gy and 139 to 27.5 Gy. The median follow-up was 5 years. The mean age was 65 years, and the mean tumor size was 1.2 cm. Both schedules met acceptability criteria by photographic assessment (AC, 12.1% [90% CI, 8.2 to 17.6] for 30 Gy and 15.2% [90% CI, 10.8 to 21.1] for 27.5 Gy) and by nurse assessment. AC by patient self-assessment exceeded the 90% CI for the 30 Gy regimen. At 5 years, 16 (11.3%, 90% CI, 7.6 to 16.4) patients treated with 30 Gy and eight (5.8%, 90% CI, 3.3 to 9.9) patients treated with 27.5 Gy were observed to have grade 2 or more late toxicity.

CONCLUSION
According to the study design, 30 Gy and 27.5 Gy resulted in acceptable cosmetic outcomes. In light of recent studies, a lower dose was chosen for the phase III trial.
Advancements in Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review on Recent Techniques with Emphasis on Hot-Melt Extrusion and 3D Printing Technologies
Authors: Alshammari Nouf D. , Elkanayati Rasha , Vemula Sateesh Kumar , Al Shawakri Esraa , Uttreja Prateek , Almutairi Mashan , Repka Michael A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis review investigates the progression and effectiveness of colon-targeted drug delivery systems, offering a comprehensive understanding of the colon's anatomy and physiological environment. Recognizing the distinctive features of the colon is crucial for successfully formulating oral dosage forms that precisely target specific areas in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) while minimizing side effects through mitigating off-target sites. This understanding forms the basis for designing effective targeted drug delivery systems. The article extensively examines diverse approaches to formulating drugs for colonic targeting, highlighting key polymers and excipients in their production. Special emphasis is given to innovative approaches such as hot-melt extrusion (HME) and three-dimensional printing (3D-P), renowned for their accuracy in drug release kinetics and intricate dosage form geometry. However, challenges arise regarding material standardization and the complex network of regulatory clearances required to confirm safety and effectiveness. The review provides insights into each application’s advantages and potential challenges. Furthermore, it sheds light on the local diseases that necessitate colon targeting and the available marketed products, providing an overview of the current state of colon-targeted drug delivery systems. Additionally, the review emphasizes the importance of testing drugs in a controlled in vitro environment during the development phase. It also discusses the future directions for successful development in this field. By integrating knowledge across anatomy, formulation techniques, and assessment methodologies, this review is a valuable resource for researchers navigating the dynamic field of colonic drug delivery.
Graphical Abstract
The Effects of the AGE Inhibitor Pyridoxamine on Bone in Older Women With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Brossfield Aiden V , McMahon Donald J , Fernando Jason , Omeragic Beatriz , Majeed Rukshana , Agarwal Sanchita , Sroga Grazyna E , Wang Bowen , Vashishth Deepak , Rubin Mishaela R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have reduced bone turnover and increased fractures. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) impair osteoblasts and are implicated in diabetic fractures. Pyridoxamine (PM) is a vitamin B6 metabolite that inhibits formation of AGEs.

Objective
We hypothesized that PM treatment in older patients with T2D, by inhibiting AGEs, would increase bone formation.

Methods
This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial at an academic center. Older women with T2D were included (n = 55). Oral PM 200 mg twice daily for 1 year was given. The primary outcome was the change in the bone formation marker P1NP. Other outcomes were changes in bone resorption, bone mineral density (BMD), HbA1c, and skin autofluorescence (SAF), and in a bone biopsy subgroup, the correlation between bone fluorescent AGEs (fAGEs) and SAF.

Results
P1NP increased 23.0% with PM (95% CI 9, 37; within group P = .028) vs 4.1% with placebo (−9, 17; within group P = .576; between groups P = .056). BMD increased at the femoral neck (PM 2.6 ± 5% vs placebo −0.9 ± 4%; between groups P = .007). Bone resorption markers and SAF did not change. HbA1c decreased (PM −0.38 ± 0.7% vs placebo 0.05 ± 1.7%; between groups P = .04). Within the PM group, the HbA1c change correlated inversely with the % P1NP change (r = −0.50, P = .034). Cortical bone biopsy fAGEs correlated with SAF (r = 0.86, P = .001). Adverse events were similar between groups.

Conclusion
PM tended to increase P1NP in older women with T2D, as well as increasing bone density and reducing HbA1c. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential of PM as a disease mechanism–directed approach to reduce fractures in T2D.
Octreotide Subcutaneous Depot for Acromegaly: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase 3 Trial, ACROINNOVA 1
Authors: Ferone Diego , Freda Pamela , Katznelson Laurence , Gatto Federico , Kadioğlu Pinar , Maffei Pietro , Seufert Jochen , Silverstein Julie M , Spencer-Segal Joanna L , Isaeva Elena , Dreval Alexander , Harrie Maria , Svedberg Agneta , Tiberg Fredrik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context
Acromegaly, characterized by excessive GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), impacts quality of life (QoL) and mortality. Standard of care (SoC; octreotide long-acting repeatable or lanreotide autogel) treatment typically requires healthcare provider administration. CAM2029, a novel subcutaneous octreotide depot with increased bioavailability using FluidCrystal technology, enables self-administration and room-temperature storage.

Objective
Assess superiority of CAM2029 vs placebo for biochemical control in patients with controlled acromegaly.

Design
24-week, multinational, randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial (NCT04076462).

Setting
45 sites; 10 countries.

Patients
72 patients on SoC with biochemical control at screening [IGF-1 ≤upper limit of normal (ULN); mean GH &lt;2.5 μg/L].

Interventions
Patients were randomized 2:1 to once-monthly CAM2029 (n = 48) or placebo (n = 24).

Main Outcome Measures
The primary endpoint was proportion of patients with IGF-1 ≤ULN (week 22/24 mean), with dose-reduced patients classified as nonresponders; first key secondary endpoint was the same, including dose-reduced responders. The second key secondary endpoint was proportion of patients with IGF-1 ≤ULN (week 22/24) and mean GH &lt;2.5 μg/L (week 24).

Results
At week 22/24 (intention-to-treat analysis), CAM2029-treated patients demonstrated superior response rates vs placebo for IGF-1 (72.2% vs 37.5%; risk difference: 34.6, 95% confidence interval: 11.3, 57.9; P = .0018) and combined IGF-1/GH (70.0% vs 37.5%; P = .0035). CAM2029-treated patients had well-controlled symptoms, improved QoL, and treatment satisfaction vs placebo and baseline. CAM2029 was well tolerated; safety was consistent with SoC.

Conclusion
CAM2029 provides a convenient and effective treatment option for acromegaly, with superior biochemical control vs placebo. Symptom control, QoL, and satisfaction were improved from baseline SoC.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT04076462 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Roles of Growth Hormone–Dependent JAK-STAT5 and Lyn Kinase Signaling in Determining Lifespan and Cancer Incidence
Authors: Chhabra Yash , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle , Brooks Tania Louise , Brooks Andrew James , Waters Michael J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In rodents, loss of growth hormone (GH) or its receptor is associated with extended lifespan. We aimed to determine the signaling process resulting in this longevity using GH receptor (GHR)-mutant mice with key signaling pathways deleted and correlate this with cancer incidence and expression of genes associated with longevity. GHR uses both canonical janus kinase (JAK)2-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling as well as signaling via the LYN-ERK1/2 pathway. We used C57BL/6 mice with loss of key receptor tyrosines and truncation resulting in 1) loss of most STAT5 response to GH; 2) total inability to generate STAT5 to GH; 3) loss of Box1 to prevent activation of JAK2 but not LYN kinase; or 4) total knockout of the receptor. For each mutant we analyzed lifespan, histopathology to determine likely cause of death, and hepatic gene and protein expression. The extended lifespan is evident in the Box1-mutant males (retains Lyn activation), which have a median lifespan of 1016 days compared to 890 days for the Ghr−/− males. In the females, GhrBox1−/− mice have a median lifespan of 970 days compared to 911 days for the knockout females. Sexually dimorphic GHR-STAT5 is repressive for longevity, since its removal results in a median lifespan of 1003 days in females compared to 734 days for wild-type females. Numerous transcripts related to insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress response, and mitochondrial function are regulated by GHR-STAT5; however, LYN-responsive genes involve DNA repair, cell cycle control, and anti-inflammatory response. There appears to be a yin-yang relationship between JAK2 and LYN that determines lifespan.
Perceived Cognitive Function in Neurosurgical Patients
Authors: Sherry Natalie , Eagle Shawn R. , Henry Luke C. , Appleton Hannah , González Martínez Jorge A. , Friedlander Robert M. , Okonkwo David O. , Zinn Pascal O. 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
This study explores perceived cognitive function in preoperative cranial neurosurgical patients and its association with neuropsychological testing (NPT).

METHODS:
A total of 96 patients were referred for NPT by neurosurgical service. Patients completed the Neuro-QoL Item Bank v2.0-Cognitive Function—Short Form (Neuro-QoL) to measure perceived cognitive function, as well as NPT. Linear regression (LR) models were analyzed for demographic variables (ie, age, sex, handedness, educational attainment, employment/academic status, candidacy vs baseline testing, and history of neurological, mental health, and developmental conditions) and NPT outcomes (ie, intellectual estimation, attention/working memory, processing speed, executive functioning, learning/memory, language, visual-spatial, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms). Significant predictors from the LR models were then combined into a single model to identify the most robust predictors of perceived cognitive function.

RESULTS:
Patients were aged 17 to 79 years (M = 49.64, SD = 18.56) and comprised 45 men and 51 women. The most common referrals for NPT were related to intracranial mass (39%), Chiari malformation type 1 (33%), and deep brain stimulation (20%). Results of the final LR model indicated mental health and developmental history, as well as elevated anxiety symptoms, significantly predicted 50.7% of the variance in perceived cognitive function (F = 30.91, P < .001). Patients referred to determine surgical candidacy reported significantly fewer cognitive complaints (P < .001) vs those referred for baseline testing by approximately 0.5 SDs.

CONCLUSION:
Perceived cognitive function in neurosurgical patients appears to be strongly predicted by demographic factors, with mental health variables being robust predictors. Perceived cognition is not a proxy for measured cognitive function.
Headache and Visual Aura Outcomes After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Patients With Occipital Lobe Arteriovenous Malformations: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Umekawa Motoyuki , Shinya Yuki , Hasegawa Hirotaka , Koizumi Satoshi , Katano Atsuto , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) sometimes experience migraine-like chronic headaches. Reportedly, this symptom is common in occipital lobe BAVMs; however, the exact prevalence has not been clarified, and the details of visual auras have been scarcely reported. Furthermore, no comprehensive studies exist on the improvement of migraine associated with visual auras in occipital lobe BAVMs after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence of headache with visual aura in patients with occipital lobe BAVMs and evaluated the impact of SRS on preexisting symptoms.

METHODS:
As a single-center retrospective cohort study, a total of 104 patients with occipital lobe BAVMs treated with SRS from 1990 to 2024 were analyzed. Pre-SRS and post-SRS symptoms of headache and visual aura were documented. The outcomes measured were headache severity, frequency, aura characteristics, and BAVM obliteration rates.

RESULTS:
Of the 104 patients, 41 (39%) reported chronic headache pre-SRS, and 37 (36%) experienced migraine with visual aura. Compared with pre-SRS, 90% (28/31) of the patients experienced a >50% reduction in headache severity and frequency at a median follow-up of 11 months, and 89% (25/28) experienced a >50% reduction in aura frequency. Complete headache remission was achieved in 35% (13/31) of patients. Complete obliteration of BAVMs was confirmed in 75% (76/102) of the patients at a median of 33 months. A smaller nidus volume was associated with both complete headache remission and BAVM obliteration, whereas age and sex were not significant predictors of headache outcome.

CONCLUSION:
Patients with occipital lobe BAVMs frequently experience migraine-like headaches with visual aura, which may be more prevalent than in the general population. SRS for occipital lobe BAVMs could not only achieve favorable BAVM obliteration with minimal adverse effects but also significantly improve migraine-like symptoms, including visual aura, particularly in patients with smaller nidus volumes.
Capturing the Benefits of Autonomous Vehicles in Ride Hailing: The Role of Market Configuration
Authors: Lian Zhen , van Ryzin Garrett 
Published: October 2024

We develop an economic model of autonomous vehicle (AV) ride-hailing markets, in which uncertain aggregate demand is served with a combination of a fixed fleet of AVs and a flexible pool of human drivers (HVs). Dispatch efficiencies increase with scale because of density effects. We analyze market outcomes in this setting under four market configurations, defined by two dispatch platform structures (common platform versus independent platforms) and two levels of supply competition (monopoly AV versus competitive AV). A key result of our analysis is that the lower cost of AVs does not necessarily translate into lower prices; the price impact of AVs is ambiguous and depends critically on both the dispatch platform structure and the level of AV supply competition. In the extreme case, we show that if AVs and HVs operate on independent dispatch platforms, there is a monopoly AV supplier, and labor supply elasticity is sufficiently high, then prices are even higher than in a pure-HV market. Indeed, to guarantee consistently lower prices (relative to a pure HV market) in all scenarios and under all supply and density elasticities, a common dispatch platform between AVs and HVs is required. Furthermore, competitive AVs lead to lower prices than monopoly AVs in every such scenario. Our results illustrate the critical role that market configuration plays in realizing potential welfare gains from AVs. This paper was accepted by Omar Besbes, revenue management and market analytics. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.03112 .