bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of indicators to assess the quality of medicines reconciliation at hospital admission: an e-Delphi study
Authors: Aljamal Mohammed Sulaiman , Ashcroft Darren , Tully Mary P 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this Delphi study was to examine consensus on the appropriateness of the medicines reconciliation (MR) indicators.

Methods
Practising hospital pharmacists in UK hospitals conducting MR in hospital wards were invited to participate in the study. Appropriateness was defined using four criteria: clarity, importance, relevance and usefulness. The modified Delphi technique was selected as a structured method to develop consensus. RAND definition for consensus was used. In the second round, feedback on the first round was provided. The study did not require Research Ethics approval.

Key findings
Sixty-five hospital pharmacists completed the first round Delphi, and 59 of them completed the second round. Their experience ranged from three to 33 years with an average of 16.6 years. Fifty-five indicators were sent to the panel after the pilot study. Each of the two rounds took approximately 8 weeks to be completed. Forty-one indicators reached consensus to be appropriate. Fourteen indicators did not reach consensus.

Conclusions
The Delphi technique was very effective for enhancing the panel participation as noticed in their responses both in the first and second rounds. Forty-one indicators achieved consensus as being appropriate to evaluate the MR process. These indicators could be used to assess the process and hence improve the quality of the patient care on hospital admission. The indicators need to be used in practice.
Do asylum seekers and refugees choose destination countries? Evidence from large‐scale surveys in Australia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka
Authors: McAuliffe Marie , Jayasuriya Dinuk 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSome literature depicts refugees as more passive than active when selecting a destination country. We draw on surveys of over 35,000 people in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Australia, to show that most potential asylum seekers and refugees of Hazara, Rohingya, Muslim and Tamil backgrounds prefer some destination countries over others and that many refugees from these groups surveyed in Australia specifically had Australia in mind as a destination country. We show how Australia's asylum seeker policy was a key reason why many refugees chose Australia in 2011 and 2012 and that subsequent restrictive asylum seeker policy changes appear to be reflected in potential asylum seeker considerations in 2014. We find that despite the restrictive asylum seeker policy changes, perceptions of Australia as a highly functioning civil society, relative to other potential destination countries, may explain why Australia remains a country of choice for asylum seekers from west and south Asia.
Prosody and the Acquisition of Hierarchical Structure in Toddlers and Adults
Authors: Hawthorne Kara , Rudat Lauren , Gerken LouAnn 
Published: February 2016

Though language manifests linearly, one word at a time, children must learn that words are embedded in constituents, which are in turn embedded in larger constituents. That is, they must learn that syntax is hierarchically structured. Prosody—speech melody and rhythm—is likewise hierarchically organized, with smaller prosodic constituents embedded in larger ones. This paper presents results showing that 20‐month‐olds (N = 40) can use modifier + clause prosody to learn constituents at multiple levels in a hierarchically structured artificial grammar, but that they fail to learn from clause + modifier prosody. We consider several explanations for this asymmetry, and suggest that it may be due to the frequency of the two constructions in the input. Two parallel experiments with adults suggest that older learners may not be able to learn the prosodically marked constituents. Instead, adult responses are likely based on perceptually prominent boundary words.
Influence of depression in a sample of people with hallux valgus
Authors: López Daniel López , Fernández Juan Manuel Vilar , Iglesias Marta Elena Losa , Castro Carlos Álvarez , Lobo César Calvo , Galván José Ramos , de Bengoa Vallejo Ricardo Becerro 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHallux valgus (HV) is a highly‐prevalent forefoot deformity associated with progressive subluxation and osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint; it is believed to be associated with depression. The aim of the present study was to determine the association of patients with varying degrees of HV involvement to depression using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The sample consisted of 102 participants (mean age: 45.1 ± 1.6), who attended an outpatient centre where self‐report data were recorded. The degree of HV deformity was determined in both feet, and the scores on the BDI were compared. A total of 38.24% of the sample had depression, with an average BDI score of 10.55 ± 12.36 points. There was a statistically‐significant association between the degree and presence of HV in both feet (P = 0.0001). People with a greater degree of HV deformity in any foot also have a significant increase in depression based on BDI scores, regardless of sex.
Intracanal irrigants for pulpectomy in primary teeth: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pozos‐Guillen Amaury , Garcia‐Flores Adrian , Esparza‐Villalpando Vicente , Garrocho‐Rangel Arturo 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the findings on the clinical efficacy of intracanal irrigants employed during pulpectomy of primary teeth.MethodsA systematic search was performed in electronic databases and peer‐reviewed paediatric dentistry journals to find relevant studies. Titles, abstracts, and full‐text papers were located, screened, and assessed independently by two reviewers, and a meta‐analysis was performed.ResultsThe search identified a total of 775 records; 46 were selected and reviewed in full text. After screening, seven studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. Three studies compared the 2% chlorhexidine and saline solutions, but no analysis could be performed because of the heterogeneity between these; two of the studies reported non‐comparative methodologies and results when compared, and were not analysed. Finally, two studies compared a mixture of tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent (MTDA) or oxidative potential water (OPW) to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), without showing significant heterogeneity; therefore, their combined outcomes were included. Both fixed and random mixed models resulted in a non‐significant weighted mean difference between treatments, according to a forest plot.ConclusionsMore studies are required with adequate quality, as well as a full‐result report, including summary measurements of both response variables and effect size, to determine the most effective irrigant agents for use in pulpectomies.
Adaptation of Saccadic Eye Movements: Transfer and Specificity
Authors: ALAHYANE NADIA , PÉLISSON DENIS 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe present study was designed to test whether the adaptation of saccadic eye movements depends only on the eye displacement vector of the trained saccade or also on eye position information. Using the double‐step target paradigm in eight human subjects, we first induced in a single session two “opposite directions adaptations” (ODA) of horizontal saccades of the same vector. Each ODA (backward or forward) was linked to one vertical eye position (12.5° up or 25° down) and alternated from trial to trial. The results showed that opposite changes of saccade amplitude can develop simultaneously, indicating that saccadic adaptation depends on orbital eye position. This finding has important functional implications because in everyday life our eyes saccade from constantly changing orbital positions. A comparison of these data to two control conditions in which training trials of a single type (backward or forward) were presented at both 12.5° and −25° eye elevations further indicated that eye position specificity is complete for backward, but not for forward, adaptation. Finally, the control conditions also indicated that the adaptation of a single saccade fully transferred to untrained saccades of the same vector, but initiated from different vertical eye positions. In conclusion, our study indicates that saccadic adaptation mechanisms use vectorial eye displacement signals, but can also take eye position signals into account as a contextual cue when the training involves conflicting saccade amplitude changes.
Association between amount of sleep, daytime sleepiness and health‐related quality of life in schoolchildren
Authors: Gustafsson Marja‐Liisa , Laaksonen Camilla , Aromaa Minna , Asanti Riitta , Heinonen Olli J. , Koski Pasi , Koivusilta Leena , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Suominen Sakari , Salanterä Sanna 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimsTo analyse the association between amount of sleep and daytime sleepiness and health‐related quality of life in schoolchildren during adolescence and to study the effect of age on this association.BackgroundSufficient sleep is essential for the health of children and adolescents. Sleep influences almost all dimensions of life.DesignA 5‐year prospective follow‐up study (2004–2010) following 568 Finnish schoolchildren aged between 10‐15.MethodsThe amount of sleep and perceived daytime sleepiness were assessed by a special questionnaire added to The Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children questionnaire. The Finnish version of the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory was used to assess health‐related quality of life. The data were collected in 2004, 2006 and 2009/2010. Data were analysed with hierarchical linear mixed models.Results/findingsThe more daytime sleepiness occurred, the lower the health‐related quality of life was and similar linear association was seen in every age group. The amount of sleep was significantly positively linearly associated with health‐related quality of life but not persistent across age groups. Positive association was significant at 15 years of age but not at other age groups. Similar linear association between daytime sleepiness and school‐related sub scores was also found.ConclusionSufficient sleep is essential for health‐related quality of life and should be protected and measured in the school health service.
Exploring the information needs of people living with a long‐term indwelling urinary catheter: a qualitative study
Authors: Prinjha Suman , Chapple Alison , Feneley Roger , Mangnall Joanne 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimsTo explore the information needs of long‐term indwelling urinary catheter users, the consequences for patients of inadequate information and how these needs could be met.BackgroundPrevious studies have drawn attention to the lack of information given to indwelling catheter users and how users would benefit from more. Little is known about the varied and detailed information needs of long‐term indwelling catheter users.DesignA qualitative interpretative approach was used, combining thematic analysis with constant comparison. A diverse sample of people living in the community with a catheter for 3 months or longer was recruited.MethodsInterviews were conducted using a narrative approach. Thirty‐six interviews were conducted in England, Wales and Scotland between 2011–2013.ResultsParticipants ranged in age from 22‐96 years. After having a catheter fitted they wanted more technical information about it and information to help prevent catheter‐related physical problems (infection, blockage, leaking), on sexual activity and the siting of catheters and about managing a social life with a catheter. In its absence, patients sometimes experimented with the catheter, learning to live with it through trial and error, used the Internet to find out more, or contacted other patients or organizations.ConclusionResearch has consistently shown that indwelling catheter users need to be given more information but some patients still feel poorly informed. Nurses are in a good position to find out what people know, what they need, and to ensure that patients have contact phone numbers for further information and details of reliable websites and support organizations.
Primary caregivers of in‐home oxygen‐dependent children: predictors of stress based on characteristics, needs and social support
Authors: Wang Kai‐Wei K. , Lin Hung‐Ching , Lee Chin‐Ting , Lee Kuo‐Sheng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimTo identify the predictors of primary caregivers' stress in caring for in‐home oxygen‐dependent children by examining the association between their levels of stress, caregiver needs and social support.BackgroundIncreasing numbers of primary caregivers of oxygen‐dependent children experience caregiving stress that warrants investigation.DesignThe study used a cross‐sectional design with three psychometric scales – Modified‐Parenting Stress Index, Caregiver Needs Scale and Social Support Index.MethodsThe data collected during 2010–2011 were from participants who were responsible for their child's care that included oxygen therapy for ≧6 hours/day; the children's ages ranged from 3 months‐16 years. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regression were used.ResultsA total of 104 participants (M = 34, F = 70) were recruited, with an average age of 39·7 years. The average age of the oxygen‐dependent children was 6·68 years and their daily use of oxygen averaged 11·39 hours. The caregivers' overall levels of stress were scored as high and information needs were scored as the highest. The most available support from family and friends was emotional support. Informational support was mostly received from health professionals, but both instrumental and emotional support were important. Levels of stress and caregiver needs were significantly correlated. Multivariable linear regression analyses identified three risk factors predicting stress, namely, the caregiver's poor health status, the child's male gender and the caregiver's greater financial need.ConclusionTo support these caregivers, health professionals can maintain their health status and provide instrumental, emotional, informational and financial support.
A random graph model of density thresholds in swarming cells
Authors: Jena Siddhartha G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSwarming behaviour is a type of bacterial motility that has been found to be dependent on reaching a local density threshold of cells. With this in mind, the process through which cell‐to‐cell interactions develop and how an assembly of cells reaches collective motility becomes increasingly important to understand. Additionally, populations of cells and organisms have been modelled through graphs to draw insightful conclusions about population dynamics on a spatial level. In the present study, we make use of analogous random graph structures to model the formation of large chain subgraphs, representing interactions between multiple cells, as a random graph Markov process. Using numerical simulations and analytical results on how quickly paths of certain lengths are reached in a random graph process, metrics for intercellular interaction dynamics at the swarm layer that may be experimentally evaluated are proposed.
Behavioral outcomes of picky eating in childhood: a prospective study in the general population
Authors: Cardona Cano Sebastian , Hoek Hans W. , van Hoeken Daphne , de Barse Lisanne M. , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Verhulst Frank C. , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundPicky eaters in the general population form a heterogeneous group. It is important to differentiate between children with transient picky eating (PE) and persistent PE behavior when adverse outcomes are studied. We analyzed four PE trajectories to determine the associations with child mental health prospectively.MethodsFrom a population‐based cohort, 3,748 participants were assessed for PE at 1.5, 3, and 6 years of age using maternal reports. Four trajectories were defined: persistent (PE at all ages); remitting (PE before 6 years only); late‐onset (PE at 6 years only); and never (no PE at any assessment). Child's problem behaviors were assessed with the Teacher's Report Form at 7 years of age. We examined associations between picky eating trajectories and emotional problems, behavioral problems and pervasive developmental problems using logistic regressions. Analyses were adjusted for child, parental, and socioeconomic confounders. We also adjusted for maternal‐reported baseline problem behavior at age 1.5 years; the never picky eating group was used as reference.ResultsPersisting PE predicted pervasive developmental problems at age 7 years (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.10–3.63). The association remained when adjusted for baseline pervasive developmental problems at 1.5 years (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.10–3.51). Persistent PE was not associated with behavioral (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.53–1.60) or emotional problems (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.74–2.07). Other PE trajectories were not related to child behavioral or emotional problems.ConclusionsPersistent PE may be a symptom or sign of pervasive developmental problems, but is not predictive of other behavioral problems. Remitting PE was not associated with adverse mental health outcomes, which further indicates that it may be part of normal development.
Commentary: Risk taking, impulsivity, and externalizing problems in adolescent development – commentary on Crone et al. 2016
Authors: Nigg Joel T. , Nagel Bonnie J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis commentary supports several important themes. These include the value in seeing risk taking as multicomponential (affective vs. deliberative risk taking), the importance of evaluating risk taking in relation to outcome, the necessity of expanding the brain networks studied in relation to risk taking, and the crucial interactions of risk taking with psychosocial context. We argue that more careful distinctions are needed between risk taking and different forms of impulsivity. Clearer differentiation of these constructs and their study together in brain imaging studies will clarify components of adolescent development and risk for externalizing behavior problems.
Cuspal Deflection of Premolars Restored with Bulk‐Fill Composite Resins
Authors: Behery Haytham , El‐Mowafy Omar , El‐Badrawy Wafa , Saleh Belal , Nabih Sameh 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjective This in vitro study compared cuspal deflection of premolars restored with three bulk‐fill composite resins to that of incrementally‐restored ones with a low‐shrinkage silorane‐based restorative material.Materials and Methods Forty freshly‐extracted intact human upper premolars were used. Reference points at buccal and palatal cusp tips were acid‐etched and composite rods were horizontally bonded to them (TPH‐Spectra‐HV, Dentsply). Two acrylic resin guiding paths were made for each premolar to guide beaks of a digital micrometer used for cuspal deflection measurements. Standardized MOD cavities, 3 mm wide bucco‐lingually and 3.5 mm deep, were prepared on each premolar. Prepared teeth were then equally divided into four groups (n = 10) and each group was assigned to one of four composite resin (QuiXX, Dentsply; X‐tra fil, Voco; Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent; low‐shrinkage Filtek LS, 3M/ESPE). Adper Single Bond‐Plus, 3M/ESPE was used with all bulk‐fill restoratives. LS‐System Adhesive, 3M/ESPE was used with Filtek LS. For each prepared premolar, cuspal deflection was measured in microns as the difference between two readings between reference points before and after restoration completion. Means and SDs were calculated and data statistically‐analyzed using One‐way ANOVA and Tukey's test.Results Filtek LS showed the lowest mean cuspal deflection value 6.4(0.84)μm followed by Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill 10.1(1.2) μm and X‐tra fil 12.4(1.35)μm, while QuiXX showed the highest mean 13(1.05)μm. ANOVA indicated significant difference among mean values of groups (p < 0.001). Tukey's test indicated no significant difference in mean values between QuiXX and X‐tra fil (p = 0.637).Conclusions Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill had significantly lower mean cuspal deflection compared with the two other bulk‐fill composite resins tested. Filtek LS had the lowest significant mean cuspal deflection in comparison to all tested bulk‐fill restoratives.Clinical SignificanceThe use of Tetric EvoCeram Bulk fill composite resin restorative for class II MOD cavities resulted in reduced cuspal deflection in comparison to the two other bulk‐fill composite resins tested. The silorane‐based Filtek LS restorative resulted in the least cuspal deflection in comparison to all tested bulk‐fill composite restoratives.
Anticholinergic Medication Use and Risk of Pneumonia in Elderly Adults: A Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Chatterjee Satabdi , Carnahan Ryan M. , Chen Hua , Holmes Holly M. , Johnson Michael L. , Aparasu Rajender R. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the risk of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) associated with the use of anticholinergic medications in elderly adults.DesignNested case–control study.SettingA regional Medicare Advantage healthcare plan (2009–2010).ParticipantsParticipants were Medicare Advantage Plan enrollees aged 65 and older with at least one inpatient and one outpatient claim with no history of CAP between January 1 and June 30, 2009. Cases were identified as enrollees with an incident diagnosis of CAP, between July 1, 2009, and December 31, 2010 (n = 291). Four age‐ and sex‐matched controls (n = 1,164) were identified per case using incidence density sampling.MeasurementsAnticholinergic prescription 30 days preceding the event date was the primary exposure. Anticholinergic exposure was defined based on the Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS). A conditional logistic regression model stratified on matched case–control sets was used, with exposure to a Level 1, 2, or 3 anticholinergic on the ADS as the main independent variable; CAP as the main outcome variable; and risk factors for CAP as additional explanatory variables.ResultsAfter controlling for risk factors, overall use of anticholinergic medications was significantly associated with risk of pneumonia (odds ratio (OR) = 1.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20–2.28). The risk of pneumonia remained significant across the different exposure periods, although use of higher‐level (ADS Level 2 or 3) anticholinergics was not associated with pneumonia risk (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.70–1.96).ConclusionOverall use of anticholinergic medications, but not higher‐level drugs, was associated with greater risk of CAP compared to no use after controlling for other factors. More research is needed to better understand the role of potent anticholinergic medications on pneumonia risk in elderly adults.