bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizen science for hydrological risk reduction and resilience building
Authors: Paul Jonathan D. , Buytaert Wouter , Allen Simon , Ballesteros‐Cánovas Juan A. , Bhusal Jagat , Cieslik Katarzyna , Clark Julian , Dugar Sumit , Hannah David M. , Stoffel Markus , Dewulf Art , Dhital Megh R. , Liu Wei , Nayaval Janak Lal , Neupane Bhanu , Schiller Arnulf , Smith Paul J. , Supper Robert 
Published: October 2017

In disaster risk management (DRM), an emerging shift has been noted from broad‐scale, top‐down assessments toward more participatory, community‐based, bottom‐up approaches. Arguably, nonscientist local stakeholders have always played an important role in knowledge risk management and resilience building within a hydrological context, such as flood response and drought alleviation. However, rapidly developing information and communication technologies such as the Internet, smartphones, and social media have already demonstrated their sizeable potential to make knowledge creation more multidirectional, decentralized, diverse, and inclusive. Combined with technologies for robust and low‐cost sensor networks, a ‘citizen science’ approach has recently emerged as a promising direction in the provision of extensive, real‐time information for risk management. Such projects work best when there is community buy‐in, when their purpose(s) are clearly defined at the outset, and when the motivations and skillsets of all participants and stakeholders are well understood. They have great potential to enhance knowledge creation, not only for data collection, but also for analysis or interpretation. In addition, they can serve as a means of educating and empowering communities and stakeholders that are bypassed by more traditional knowledge generation processes. Here, we review the state‐of‐the‐art of citizen science within the context of hydrological risk reduction and resilience building. Particularly when embedded within a polycentric approach toward risk governance, we argue that citizen science could complement more traditional knowledge generation practices, and also enhance innovation, adaptation, multidirectional information provision, risk management, and local resilience building. WIREs Water 2018, 5:e1262. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1262This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Were VCF patients at higher risk of mortality following the 2009 publication of the vertebroplasty “sham” trials?
Authors: Ong K. L. , Beall D. P. , Frohbergh M. , Lau E. , Hirsch J. A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSummaryThe 5-year period following 2009 saw a steep reduction in vertebral augmentation volume and was associated with elevated mortality risk in vertebral compression fracture (VCF) patients. The risk of mortality following a VCF diagnosis was 85.1% at 10 years and was found to be lower for balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) and vertebroplasty (VP) patients.IntroductionBKP and VP are associated with lower mortality risks than non-surgical management (NSM) of VCF. VP versus sham trials published in 2009 sparked controversy over its effectiveness, leading to diminished referral volumes. We hypothesized that lower BKP/VP utilization would lead to a greater mortality risk for VCF patients.MethodsBKP/VP utilization was evaluated for VCF patients in the 100% US Medicare data set (2005–2014). Survival and morbidity were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between NSM, BKP, and VP using Cox regression with adjustment by propensity score and various factors.ResultsThe cohort included 261,756 BKP (12.6%) and 117,232 VP (5.6%) patients, comprising 20% of the VCF patient population in 2005, peaking at 24% in 2007–2008, and declining to 14% in 2014. The propensity-adjusted mortality risk for VCF patients was 4% (95% CI, 3–4%;p < 0.001) greater in 2010–2014 versus 2005–2009. The 10-year risk of mortality for the overall cohort was 85.1%. BKP and VP cohorts had a 19% (95% CI, 19–19%;p < 0.001) and 7% (95% CI, 7–8%;p < 0.001) lower propensity-adjusted 10-year mortality risk than the NSM cohort, respectively. The BKP cohort had a 13% (95% CI, 12–13%;p < 0.001) lower propensity-adjusted 10-year mortality risk than the VP cohort.ConclusionsChanges in treatment patterns following the 2009 VP publications led to fewer augmentation procedures. In turn, the 5-year period following 2009 was associated with elevated mortality risk in VCF patients. This provides insight into the implications of treatment pattern changes and associated mortality risks.
Induced Granulation Tissue but not Artificial Dermis Enhances Early Host–Graft Interactions in Full‐Thickness Burn Wounds
Authors: Lagus Heli , Kankuri Esko , Nuutila Kristo , Juteau Susanna , Sarlomo‐Rikala Maarit , Vuola Jyrki 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundCellular grafts used for skin repair require rapid integration with the host tissue to remain viable and especially to nourish the epidermal cells. Here, we evaluated the responses in the split‐thickness skin grafts (STSGs) grafted on three differently treated wound beds: directly on excised wound bed (EX), on an artificial dermal template (DT) and on granulation tissue (GT) induced by cellulose sponge.MethodsIn ten burn patients, after excision, a test area was divided into three sections: One transplanted with STSG instantaneously and two sections had a pre‐treatment for 2 weeks with either DT or a cellulose sponge inducing granulation tissue formation and thereafter grafted with STSGs.ResultsOne week after grafting, the STSGs on GT demonstrated most endothelial CD31+ staining, largest average vessel diameters as well as most CD163+ staining of M2‐like macrophages and most MIB1+ proliferating epidermal cells, suggesting an active regenerative environment. STSGs on DT had smallest vessel diameters and the least CD163+ macrophages. STSGs on EX had the least CD31+ cells and the least MIB1+ proliferating cells. After 3 months, this reactivity in STSGs had subsided, except increased dermal cell proliferation was observed in STSGs on EX.ConclusionsResults show that pre‐treatment of wound bed and induction of granulation tissue formation can accelerate host–graft interaction by stimulating graft vasculature and inducing cell proliferation.
Case–Control Study of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma on Urinary and Dietary Iodine Status in South Korea
Authors: Lee Joon‐Hyop , Song Ra‐Yeong , Yi Jin Wook , Yu Hyeong Won , Kwon Hyungju , Kim Su‐jin , Chai Young Jun , Choi June Young , Moon Jae Hoon , Lee Kyu Eun , Park Young Joo , Park Sue K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe association between iodine levels and the risk of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been suggested, but not definitively established. This study is to compare the iodine status of a group of patients with PTC (with and without BRAFV600E) with that of a healthy population cohort.MethodsA cohort of patients scheduled for thyroidectomy was enrolled, along with a community‐based health‐screening cohort with no known history of thyroid disease. Median urinary iodine (UI) levels, creatinine‐adjusted median UI levels, and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) scores (mean ± SD) were compared. In a subgroup analysis, these values were compared between BRAFV600E‐positive and BRAFV600E‐negative patients in the PTC group.ResultsThe PTC group consisted of 210 patients, and the control group consisted of 90 healthy individuals. Among the 191 PTC patients whose BRAFV600E mutational status was reported, 169 (88.5%) were revealed positive for the mutation. The median UI levels were significantly higher in the PTC group (786.0 μg/l) than the control group (112.0 μg/l; p < 0.001), as was the case with creatinine‐adjusted median UI levels (884.6 μg/g creatinine versus 182.0 μg/g creatinine; p < 0.001) and FFQ scores (66.2 ± 17.5, range 13–114 versus 54.6 ± 21.5, range 16–134; p < 0.001). No significant differences were seen in the subgroup analysis between BRAFV600E‐positive and BRAFV600E‐negative patients.ConclusionsOur results indicate that iodine status differs significantly between patients with PTC and healthy controls, suggesting that iodine may be involved in the occurrence of PTC, although the association between iodine levels and BRAF mutational status did not reach statistical significance.
Physicians’ professional performance: an occupational health psychology perspective
Authors: Scheepers Renée A. 
Published: October 2017

Introduction Physician work engagement is considered to benefit physicians’ professional performance in clinical teaching practice. Following an occupational health psychology perspective, this PhD report presents research on how physicians’ professional performance in both doctor and teacher roles can be facilitated by work engagement and how work engagement is facilitated by job resources and personality traits.
Methods First, we conducted a systematic review on the impact of physician work engagement and related constructs (e. g. job satisfaction) on physicians’ performance in patient care. We additionally investigated physician work engagement and job resources in relation to patient care experience with physicians’ performance at ten outpatient clinics covering two hospitals. In a following multicentre survey involving 61 residency training programs of 18 hospitals, we studied associations between physician work engagement and personality traits with resident evaluations of physicians’ teaching performance.
Results The findings showed that physician work engagement was associated with fewer reported medical errors and that job satisfaction was associated with better communication and patient satisfaction. Autonomy and learning opportunities were positively associated with physician work engagement. Work engagement was positively associated with teaching performance. In addition, physician work engagement was most likely supported by personality trait conscientiousness (e. g. responsibility).
Conclusion Given the reported associations of physician work engagement with aspects of their professional performance, hospitals could support physician work engagement in service of optimal performance in residency training and patient care. This could be facilitated by worker health surveillance, peer support or promoting job crafting at the individual or team level.
Towards an Empirical Unified Crust–Core Description of Neutron Stars
Authors: Chatterjee Debarati , Gulminelli Francesca 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the properties of the crust and the core as well as its interface is essential for accurate astrophysical modelling of phenomena such as glitches, X-ray bursts or oscillations in neutron stars. To study the crust–core properties, it is crucial to develop a unified and consistent scheme to describe both the clusterised matter in the crust and homogeneous matter in the core. The low density regime in the neutron star crust is accessible to terrestrial nuclear experiments. In order to develop a consistent description of the crust and the core of neutron stars within the same formalism, we use a density functional scheme, with the model coefficients in homogeneous matter related directly to empirical nuclear observables. In this work, we extend this scheme to non-homogeneous matter to describe nuclei in the crust. We then test this scheme against nuclear observables.
Sulfur fertilization increases defense metabolites and nitrogen but decreases plant resistance against a host-specific insect
Authors: Santos N.A. , Teixeira N.C. , Valim J.O.S. , Almeida E.F.A. , Oliveira M.G.A. , Campos W.G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe tested the sulfur-modulated plant resistance hypothesis using potted cabbage (Brassica oleraceavar.capitata) plants that were grown without and with increasing levels of sulfur fertilization. Changes in plant chemical traits were assessed and developmental performance ofPlutella xylostella, a highly host-specific leaf-chewing insect, was followed. Leaf sulfur concentration gradually increased with growing addition of sulfur in soil; however, there was a generalized saturation response curve, with a plateau phase, for improvements in total leaf nitrogen, defense glucosinolates and insect performance.Plutella xylostellaperformed better in sulfur-fertilized cabbage probably because of the higher level of nitrogen, despite of the higher content of glucosinolates, which are toxic for many non-specialized insects. Despite the importance of sulfur in plant nutrition and production, especially forBrassicacrops, our results showed that sulfur fertilization could decrease plant resistance against insects with high feeding specialization.
Biochemical responses induced in galls of three Cynipidae species in oak trees
Authors: Kot I. , Jakubczyk A. , Karaś M. , Złotek U. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGall-making Cynipidae manipulate the leaves of host plant to form galls where offspring find shelter and food. The relationship between oak gallwasp and biochemical mechanisms of galls still requires a better understanding. So, in this research, protein and phenolic compound contents, as well as the activity of antioxidative enzymes and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins were determined. Galls caused by asexual generation ofCynips quercusfoliiL.,Neuroterus numismalis(Fourc.) andN. quercusbaccarumL., as a model were used. All cynipid species modified the protein levels of gall tissues, but they cannot be treated as protein sinks. Significantly higher levels of phenols were observed in the galled leaves and galls of all cynipid species when compared with the control tissues. Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity was usually low or showed no activity in galled tissues of all species. PR proteins, such as chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase, had a similar activity profile. Their activity significantly increased in the leaves with galls of all cynipid species, especially those infested withC. quercusfolii. Data generated in this study clearly indicate that galling Cynipidae manipulate the biochemical machinery of the galls for their own needs. However, the pattern of the biochemical features of leaves with galls and galled tissues depends on gall-making species.
Computation semantics of the functional scientific workflow language Cuneiform
Authors: BRANDT JÖRGEN , REISIG WOLFGANG , LESER ULF 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCuneiform is a minimal functional programming language for large-scale scientific data analysis. Implementing a strict black-box view on external operators and data, it allows the direct embedding of code in a variety of external languages like Python or R, provides data-parallel higher order operators for processing large partitioned data sets, allows conditionals and general recursion, and has a naturally parallelizable evaluation strategy suitable for multi-core servers and distributed execution environments like Hadoop, HTCondor, or distributed Erlang. Cuneiform has been applied in several data-intensive research areas including remote sensing, machine learning, and bioinformatics, all of which critically depend on the flexible assembly of pre-existing tools and libraries written in different languages into complex pipelines. This paper introduces the computation semantics for Cuneiform. It presents Cuneiform's abstract syntax, a simple type system, and the semantics of evaluation. Providing an unambiguous specification of the behavior of Cuneiform eases the implementation of interpreters which we showcase by providing a concise reference implementation in Erlang. The similarity of Cuneiform's syntax to the simply typed lambda calculus puts Cuneiform in perspective and allows a straightforward discussion of its design in the context of functional programming. Moreover, the simple type system allows the deduction of the language's safety up to black-box operators. Last, the formulation of the semantics also permits the verification of compilers to and from other workflow languages.
Contributions to a computational theory of policy advice and avoidability
Authors: BOTTA NICOLA , JANSSON PATRIK , IONESCU CEZAR 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe present the starting elements of a mathematical theory of policy advice and avoidability. More specifically, we formalize a cluster of notions related to policy advice, such as policy, viability, reachability, and propose a novel approach for assisting decision making, based on the concept of avoidability. We formalize avoidability as a relation between current and future states, investigate under which conditions this relation is decidable and propose a generic procedure for assessing avoidability. The formalization is constructive and makes extensive use of the correspondence between dependent types and logical propositions, decidable judgments are obtained through computations. Thus, we aim for a computational theory, and emphasize the role that computer science can play in global system science.
A note on mitigating the adverse scale effects associated with daily driving restrictions
Authors: Caplan Arthur J. , Kim Man-Keun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of additional regulation in mitigating the ‘adverse scale effect’ associated with daily driving restrictions, which has become a popular regulatory tool used to control episodic air pollution internationally, especially in developing countries. We find that although an annual vehicle registration tax reduces the incentive to purchase additional vehicles among households whose sole purpose for doing so is to ‘cheat’ the restriction (i.e., the ‘adverse scale effect’), it does so with an external cost. The cost occurs because households whose purpose for purchasing an additional vehicle is not to cheat the restriction are given the same disincentive with the tax. We show how simple one- and two-stage lotteries can be used to not only discriminate between cheater and non-cheater households (in particular, to avoid providing a disincentive to the latter type of household), but also to provide an even stronger disincentive to the former.
Community-based distribution of iron–folic acid supplementation in low- and middle-income countries: a review of evidence and programme implications
Authors: Kavle Justine A , Landry Megan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe present literature review aimed to review the evidence for community-based distribution (CBD) of iron–folic acid (IFA) supplementation as a feasible approach to improve anaemia rates in low- and middle-income countries.DesignThe literature review included peer-reviewed studies and grey literature from PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILAC and Scopus databases.SettingLow- and middle-income countries.SubjectsNon-pregnant women, pregnant women, and girls.ResultsCBD programmes had moderate success with midwives and community health workers (CHW) who counselled on health benefits and compliance with IFA supplementation. CHW were more likely to identify and reach a greater number of women earlier in pregnancy, as women tended to present late to antenatal care. CBD channels had greater consistency in terms of adequate supplies of IFA in comparison to clinics and vendors, who faced stock outages. Targeting women of reproductive age through school and community settings showed high compliance and demonstrated reductions in anaemia.ConclusionsCBD of IFA supplementation can be a valuable platform for improving knowledge about anaemia, addressing compliance and temporary side-effects of IFA supplements, and increasing access and coverage of IFA supplementation. Programmatic efforts focusing on community-based platforms should complement services and information provided at the health facility level. Provision of training and supportive supervision for CHW on how to counsel women on benefits, side-effects, and when, why, and how to take IFA supplements, as part of behaviour change communication, can be strengthened, alongside logistics and supply systems to ensure consistent supplies of IFA tablets at both the facility and community levels.
Binding to RNA regulates Set1 function
Authors: Luciano Pierre , Jeon Jongcheol , El-kaoutari Abdessamad , Challal Drice , Bonnet Amandine , Barucco Mara , Candelli Tito , Jourquin Frederic , Lesage Pascale , Kim Jaehoon , Libri Domenico , Géli Vincent 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Set1 family of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferases is highly conserved from yeast to human. Here we show that the Set1 complex (Set1C) directly binds RNA in vitro through the regions that comprise the double RNA recognition motifs (dRRM) and N-SET domain within Set1 and its subunit Spp1. To investigate the functional relevance of RNA binding, we performed UV RNA crosslinking (CRAC) for Set1 and RNA polymerase II in parallel with ChIP-seq experiments. Set1 binds nascent transcripts through its dRRM. RNA binding is important to define the appropriate topology of Set1C distribution along transcription units and correlates with the efficient deposition of the H3K4me3 mark. In addition, we uncovered that Set1 binds to different classes of RNAs to levels that largely exceed the levels of binding to the general population of transcripts, suggesting the Set1 persists on these RNAs after transcription. This class includes RNAs derived from SET1, Ty1 retrotransposons, specific transcription factors genes and snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs). We propose that Set1 modulates adaptive responses, as exemplified by the post-transcriptional inhibition of Ty1 retrotransposition.
Highly efficient broadband terahertz generation from ultrashort laser filamentation in liquids
Authors: Dey Indranuj , Jana Kamalesh , Fedorov Vladimir Yu. , Koulouklidis Anastasios D. , Mondal Angana , Shaikh Moniruzzaman , Sarkar Deep , Lad Amit D. , Tzortzakis Stelios , Couairon Arnaud , Kumar G. Ravindra 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGeneration and application of energetic, broadband terahertz pulses (bandwidth ~0.1–50 THz) is an active and contemporary area of research. The main thrust is toward the development of efficient sources with minimum complexities—a true table-top setup. In this work, we demonstrate the generation of terahertz radiation via ultrashort pulse induced filamentation in liquids—a counterintuitive observation due to their large absorption coefficient in the terahertz regime. The generated terahertz energy is more than an order of magnitude higher than that obtained from the two-color filamentation of air (the most standard table-top technique). Such high terahertz energies would generate electric fields of the order of MV cm-1, which opens the doors for various nonlinear terahertz spectroscopic applications. The counterintuitive phenomenon has been explained via the solution of nonlinear pulse propagation equation in the liquid medium.