bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ablation of TFR1 in Purkinje Cells Inhibits mGlu1 Trafficking and Impairs Motor Coordination, But Not Autistic-Like Behaviors
Authors: Zhou Jia-Huan , Wang Xin-Tai , Zhou Liang , Zhou Lin , Xu Fang-Xiao , Su Li-Da , Wang Hao , Jia Fan , Xu Fu-Qiang , Chen Gui-Quan , De Zeeuw Chris I. , Shen Ying 
Published: October 2017

Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu1/5s) are critical to synapse formation and participate in synaptic LTP and LTD in the brain. mGlu1/5 signaling alterations have been documented in cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative disorders, and psychiatric diseases, but underlying mechanisms for its modulation are not clear. Here, we report that transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), a transmembrane protein of the clathrin complex, modulates the trafficking of mGlu1 in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) from male mice. We show that conditional knock-out of TFR1 in PCs does not affect the cytoarchitecture of PCs, but reduces mGlu1 expression at synapses. This regulation by TFR1 acts in concert with that by Rab8 and Rab11, which modulate the internalization and recycling of mGlu1, respectively. TFR1 can bind to Rab proteins and facilitate their expression at synapses. PC ablation of TFR1 inhibits parallel fiber–PC LTD, whereas parallel fiber–LTP and PC intrinsic excitability are not affected. Finally, we demonstrate that PC ablation of TFR1 impairs motor coordination, but does not affect social behaviors in mice. Together, these findings underscore the importance of TFR1 in regulating mGlu1 trafficking and suggest that mGlu1- and mGlu1-dependent parallel fiber–LTD are associated with regulation of motor coordination, but not autistic behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGroup 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu1/5) signaling alterations have been documented in cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative disorders, and psychiatric diseases. Recent work suggests that altered mGlu1 signaling in Purkinje cells (PCs) may be involved in not only motor learning, but also autistic-like behaviors. We find that conditional knock-out of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) in PCs reduces synaptic mGlu1 by tethering Rab8 and Rab11 in the cytosol. PC ablation of TFR1 inhibits parallel fiber–PC LTD, whereas parallel fiber–PC LTP and PC intrinsic excitability are intact. Motor coordination is impaired, but social behaviors are normal in TFR1flox/flox;pCP2-cre mice. Our data reveal a new regulator for trafficking and synaptic expression of mGlu1 and suggest that mGlu1-dependent LTD is associated with motor coordination, but not autistic-like behaviors.
Pathological Tau Strains from Human Brains Recapitulate the Diversity of Tauopathies in Nontransgenic Mouse Brain
Authors: Narasimhan Sneha , Guo Jing L. , Changolkar Lakshmi , Stieber Anna , McBride Jennifer D. , Silva Luisa V. , He Zhuohao , Zhang Bin , Gathagan Ronald J. , Trojanowski John Q. , Lee Virginia M.Y. 
Published: October 2017

Pathological tau aggregates occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative tauopathies. It is not clearly understood why tauopathies vary greatly in the neuroanatomical and histopathological patterns of tau aggregation, which contribute to clinical heterogeneity in these disorders. Recent studies have shown that tau aggregates may form distinct structural conformations, known as tau strains. Here, we developed a novel model to test the hypothesis that cell-to-cell transmission of different tau strains occurs in nontransgenic (non-Tg) mice, and to investigate whether there are strain-specific differences in the pattern of tau transmission. By injecting pathological tau extracted from postmortem brains of AD (AD-tau), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP-tau), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD-tau) patients into different brain regions of female non-Tg mice, we demonstrated the induction and propagation of endogenous mouse tau aggregates. Specifically, we identified differences in tau strain potency between AD-tau, CBD-tau, and PSP-tau in non-Tg mice. Moreover, differences in cell-type specificity of tau aggregate transmission were observed between tau strains such that only PSP-tau and CBD-tau strains induce astroglial and oligodendroglial tau inclusions, recapitulating the diversity of neuropathology in human tauopathies. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the neuronal connectome, but not the tau strain, determines which brain regions develop tau pathology. Finally, CBD-tau- and PSP-tau-injected mice showed spatiotemporal transmission of glial tau pathology, suggesting glial tau transmission contributes to the progression of tauopathies. Together, our data suggest that different tau strains determine seeding potency and cell-type specificity of tau aggregation that underlie the diversity of human tauopathies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTauopathies show great clinical and neuropathological heterogeneity, despite the fact that tau aggregates in each disease. This heterogeneity could be due to tau aggregates forming distinct structural conformations, or strains. We now report the development of a sporadic tauopathy model to study human tau strains by intracerebrally injecting nontransgenic mice with pathological tau enriched from human tauopathy brains. We show human tau strains seed different types and cellular distributions of tau neuropathology in our model that recapitulate the heterogeneity seen in these human diseases.
Ontogeny of Circadian Rhythms and Synchrony in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Authors: Carmona-Alcocer Vania , Abel John H. , Sun Tao C. , Petzold Linda R. , Doyle Francis J. , Simms Carrie L. , Herzog Erik D. 
Published: October 2017

In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus coordinates daily rhythms including sleep–wake, hormone release, and gene expression. The cells of the SCN must synchronize to each other to drive these circadian rhythms in the rest of the body. The ontogeny of circadian cycling and intercellular coupling in the SCN remains poorly understood. Recentin vitrostudies have recorded circadian rhythms from the whole embryonic SCN. Here, we tracked the onset and precision of rhythms in PERIOD2 (PER2), a clock protein, within the SCN isolated from embryonic and postnatal mice of undetermined sex. We found that a few SCN cells developed circadian periodicity in PER2 by 14.5 d after mating (E14.5) with no evidence for daily cycling on E13.5. On E15.5, the fraction of competent oscillators increased dramatically corresponding with stabilization of their circadian periods. The cells of the SCN harvested at E15.5 expressed sustained, synchronous daily rhythms. By postnatal day 2 (P2), SCN oscillators displayed the daily, dorsal-ventral phase wave in clock gene expression typical of the adult SCN. Strikingly, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a neuropeptide critical for synchrony in the adult SCN, and its receptor, VPAC2R, reached detectable levels after birth and after the onset of circadian synchrony. Antagonists of GABA or VIP signaling or action potentials did not disrupt circadian synchrony in the E15.5 SCN. We conclude that endogenous daily rhythms in the fetal SCN begin with few noisy oscillators on E14.5, followed by widespread oscillations that rapidly synchronize on E15.5 by an unknown mechanism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe recorded the onset of PER2 circadian oscillations during embryonic development in the mouse SCN. When isolated at E13.5, the anlagen of the SCN expresses high, arrhythmic PER2. In contrast, a few cells show noisy circadian rhythms in the isolated E14.5 SCN and most show reliable, self-sustained, synchronized rhythms in the E15.5 SCN. Strikingly, this synchrony at E15.5 appears before expression of VIP or its receptor and persists in the presence of blockers of VIP, GABA or neuronal firing. Finally, the dorsal-ventral phase wave of PER2 typical of the adult SCN appears ∼P2, indicating that multiple signals may mediate circadian synchrony during the ontogeny of the SCN.
Heterogeneous Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Differentiation in European and Siberian Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita abietinus/P. tristis)
Authors: Talla Venkat , Kalsoom Faheema , Shipilina Daria , Marova Irina , Backström Niclas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIdentification of candidate genes for trait variation in diverging lineages and characterization of mechanistic underpinnings of genome differentiation are key steps toward understanding the processes underlying the formation of new species. Hybrid zones provide a valuable resource for such investigations, since they allow us to study how genomes evolve as species exchange genetic material and to associate particular genetic regions with phenotypic traits of interest. Here, we use whole-genome resequencing of both allopatric and hybridizing populations of the European (Phylloscopus collybita abietinus) and the Siberian chiffchaff (P. tristis)—two recently diverged species which differ in morphology, plumage, song, habitat, and migration—to quantify the regional variation in genome-wide genetic diversity and differentiation, and to identify candidate regions for trait variation. We find that the levels of diversity, differentiation, and divergence are highly heterogeneous, with significantly reduced global differentiation, and more pronounced differentiation peaks in sympatry than in allopatry. This pattern is consistent with regional differences in effective population size and recurrent background selection or selective sweeps reducing the genetic diversity in specific regions prior to lineage divergence, but the data also suggest that postdivergence selection has resulted in increased differentiation and fixed differences in specific regions. We find that hybridization and backcrossing is common in sympatry, and that phenotype is a poor predictor of the genomic composition of sympatric birds. The combination of a differentiation scan approach with identification of fixed differences pinpoint a handful of candidate regions that might be important for trait variation between the two species.
Conversation with Maria Power, University of Liverpool
Authors: Hrynkow Christopher , Power Maria 
Published: October 2017

In the Exchanges, we present conversations with scholars and practitioners of community engagement, responses to previously published material, and other reflections on various aspects of community-engaged scholarship meant to provoke further dialogue and discussion. In this issue Christopher Hrynkow talks to Maria C. Power about her community-based research and her vision for engaged scholarship as undertaken by religious historians. Dr. Maria Power, PhD (History, Royal Holloway), is a lecturer in Religion and Peace Building at the Institute of Irish Studies, University of Liverpool. Her research focuses on the relationship of faith to politics, especially in areas of conflict, and the role that religious organisations play in peacebuilding
Novas experiências, outros significados: repensando o trabalho no comércio popular
Authors: Rangel Felipe 
Published: October 2017

En el artículo, tengo como propósito principal discutir las transformaciones del trabajo en el comercio popular en São Paulo, llevando en cuenta las recientes políticas de formalización y transición de estas actividades de las calles para las galerías. Busco discutir los efectos de estas transformaciones desde trayectorias sociales de trabajadores, demarcadas por nuevas experiencias de trabajo en el comercio popular y nuevos significados dados a la ocupación. En el contexto actual, podemos considerar que los análisis que explican el comprometimiento en el comercio popular como reacción provisoria a la experiencia del desempleo parecen insuficientes, puesto que observamos la introducción de gran contingente de trabajadores a estas ocupaciones con expectativas de permanencia y ascensión social. Además, la circulación del discurso emprendedor también amerita atención cuando se intenta comprender los nuevos sentidos del trabajo en estos mercados populares. El texto está fundamentado en investigación realizada por dos años junto a trabajadores comprometidos en el comercio popular en la ciudad de São Paulo. Metodológicamente, la investigación se constituye en observación del trabajo en galerías comerciales en el barrio del Brás, en conjunto con la realización de entrevistas que objetivaron recuperar las trayectorias sociales de los agentes. El artículo está organizado de modo a que primero se presenten el objeto y el espacio de la investigación; luego, se presentan dos trayectorias de trabajadores entrevistados; de ahí, se desarrolla una reflexión acerca de una posible transición de lo que quedó conocido como ética del trabajo, muy relacionada a la lógica salarial, a una ética del trabajador, del saber trabajar, en que se celebra la capacidad de lograr éxito aun en un ambiente de inseguridad e instabilidad.
El efecto espejo: sexo, género y cuidado en las trayectorias profesionales y las jerarquías morales y laborales de la antropología en Colombia
Authors: Zambrano Escovar Marta , Durán Urrea Margarita María 
Published: October 2017

Este artículo estudia las dimensiones de género, sexo y cuidado en los campos de desempeño y en la configuración de las trayectorias laborales de profesionales que se graduaron de la carrera de Antropología en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, entre 1985 y el 2010. Se basa en una investigación cualitativa con perspectiva biográfica, etnográfica e histórica cuyo núcleo empírico fueron 35 entrevistas (34 en profundidad y una grupal) con dieciocho mujeres y diecinueve hombres que fueron seleccionados según una muestra conceptual que cruzó tres periodos de graduación (1985-1991; 1992-2005 y 2006-2010), procedencia geográfica, origen socioeconómico, sexo, generación, edad, estado civil y campo de desempeño profesional. En este trabajo se analizó la manera como las obligaciones con la familia de origen, la parentela y la prole, así como el cuidado de sí, han motivado pausas en la formación o postergación de la titulación y determinado diferencias sobre las opciones laborales y de contratación según el sexo de las personas entrevistadas. Con base en lo anterior, se puede concluir que las representaciones y prácticas de género en el campo profesional, de la ciencia y la técnica han modulado las asimetrías en las trayectorias laborales de las antropólogas y los antropólogos que fueron entrevistados, así como las de sus pares. El texto explora, además, cómo su devenir profesional ha estado a la vez marcado por condiciones del trabajo y contratación dispares y muchas veces precarias. Finalmente, este artículo propone —y muestra— que el cruce analítico de las categorías género, ética del cuidado y trabajos del cuidado arroja luces y contribuye al entendimiento de las particularidades del ejercicio y orientación de la antropología en Colombia, ya reseñadas y analizadas por la literatura académica disponible. Esto se logra mediante el análisis de la cultura de pares que ha caracterizado a esta disciplina y el choque entre jerarquías laborales y morales que ha regido sus campos de desempeño profesional.
Homenaje a cuatro pioneros de la sociología del trabajo en Colombia.
Authors: Valero Julio Edgar Augusto 
Published: October 2017

Los escritos que componen esta compilación biográfica fueron leídos por sus autores el 1. ° de septiembre del 2015 en el evento preparatorio del VIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Estudios del Trabajo, que se realizó en agosto del 2015 en Buenos Aires. Se trataba de hacer un reconocimiento a Alberto Mayor Mora, Anita Weiss, Julio Puig y Fernando Urrea, exponentes de nuestra disciplina, quienes mediante una variada gama de actividades intelectuales —entre las que se encuentran en diferente medida la docencia, la investigación, la consultoría y el activismo social— realizaron tempranas contribuciones y mantuvieron un aplicado esfuerzo que permitió deslindar un campo de estudios dentro de la sociología. Estas actividades empezaron en el Departamento de Sociología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, en la década de los sesenta, por la misma época en que Ralf Dahrendorf, en su manual Sociología de la industria y de la empresa, definía la manera en que el tratamiento de ciertos temas llegaba a configurar una sociología especial. Sea que las temáticas relativas al trabajo y las relaciones laborales, se entiendan como especialidad, línea de profundización o subcampo de estudio, lo destacable es que los estudiosos aquí exaltados, con sus esfuerzos, y a través de diferentes caminos, búsquedas, experiencias y prácticas, ayudaron a establecer en el país un área de estudios que en la actualidad tiene plena vigencia y expresión en manuales, revistas, eventos y redes de estudiosos a nivel latinoamericano.
Apresentação
Authors: Cerasoli Josianne Francia , Faria Rodrigo Santos de 
Published: October 2017

Trajetória ou biografia? Uma ou outra seriam aproximações indistintas para estudos sobre a experiência vivida por algum personagem? Poderíamos dizer que a ideia de trajetória remete imediatamente ao aspecto profissional dessa experiência pessoal e, portanto, equivaleria à trajetória profissional? Seria a biografia justificável somente pela abordagem da experiência pessoal, por uma suposta singularidade? Ou ainda, seria possível falar em biografia profissional, como uma “entrada” híbrida, que remeteria necessariamente para a experiência profissional e pessoal, entrecruzadas? Sem eleger, de antemão, uma entre essas abordagens, a proposta do dossiê “Os eruditos e a cidade” apresenta uma oportunidade para se discutir o tema.
A imaginação da cidade na história e nas ciências sociais: da leitura institucional às abordagens complexas
Authors: Barros José D’Assunção 
Published: October 2017

Das análises da Cidade de uma perspectiva institucional às análises do fenômeno urbano como complexidade histórico-social, inúmeras foram as contribuições de historiadores e cientistas sociais para a compreensão das questões urbanas no decorrer dos séculos XIX e XX. Este artigo busca discutir a história da reflexão sobre Cidade como uma forma específica de organização social, atentando para a elaboração de uma visão panorâmica que remonta ao surgimento de um pensamento científico mais específico sobre a cidade como forma social desde o século XIX e que, particularmente, adquire especial desenvolvimento no século XX. Em um segundo momento, discute-se o uso das imagens na construção do conhecimento sobre a Cidade, e, em relação a este aspecto, o objetivo do texto é elaborar uma análise dos vários modelos de cidade ao longo da reflexão urbanística do século XX nas Ciências Sociais e Humanas, incluindo a Sociologia, a Antropologia e mais particularmente a História.
No Reino dos Sentidos: uma introdução
Authors: Meneguello Cristina , Jay Martin 
Published: October 2017

“A ideia escandalosa de que os sentidos tem uma história, como Karl Marx uma vez observou, é um dos marcos de nossa historicidade”. Assim escreveu o eminente crítico literário americano Fredric Jameson em 1981. Nos anos que se seguiram, talvez não tenhamos passado a ler a história em termos marxistas tal como Jameson gostaria, mas o escândalo há muito já se dissipou. Pelo contrário, explorar a infinita variedade de experiências sensórias tornou-se matéria-prima da análise histórica contemporânea, assim como dos estudos culturais e das ciências sociais de forma mais ampla.
Cidade de habitação na America Latina
Authors: Faria Rodrigo de , Cerasoli Josianne , Sambricio Carlos 
Published: October 2017

Este Dossiê Cidade e Habitação na América Latina está organizado a partir dos trabalhos apresentados (em Conferências e Sessões Temáticas) no III Congresso Internacional de História Urbana ocorrido em Brasília no mês de novembro de 2013 e organizado pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em História do Urbanismo e da Cidade (GPHUC-UnB/CNPq) e pelo Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos da Cidade do IFCH-UNICAMP. A “origem” do Congresso foi a organização da coletânea “Ciudad y Vivienda en America Latina – 1930/1960”, coordenada por Carlos Sambricio (ETSAM/Universidad Politecnica de Madrid), publicada em 2012 pela Editora Lampreave (SAMBRICIO, 2012). A realização do livro envolveu pesquisadores de Universidades do Brasil, Cuba, Argentina, Chile, Venezuela, Colômbia e México, que elaboraram estudos sobre as cidades capitais e sobre habitação social nos seus respectivos países.
Some Contemporary Features of Indonesian Dairy Industry
Authors: Hutabarat Budiman 
Published: October 2017

<p><strong>English</strong><br />The milk consumption trend in Indonesia has been growing since 1969, which is thought to be basis for developing existing dairy industry. The paper attempts to review the present picture of dairy industry in Indonesia. The study is based on the secondary data and information obtained from relevant sources. The paper concludes that the dairy industry is heavily regulated. The fluid milk production is characterized by small-size operations on one hand, and the processing side is dominated by quite a few large scale corporations on the other hand. The fresh milk market is relatively more competitive than the dairy products market. Some dairy products are produced under oligopolistic or even monopolistic factories. Although the fresh milk production is organized under co-operative system, its role is weak relative to the factories' role. The role of co-operative will further dwindle when the GATT/WTO agreement becomes in effect. Both price and income elasticities of dairy products seem to be elastic. Thus, as income per capita improves, the demand for dairy products are expected to increase. This will lead to higher growth of imports. To maintain consumers' satisfaction, trade and investment policies in milk factories needs to be relaxed to stimulate fair competition.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Konsumsi susu di Indonesia cenderung meningkat sejak tahun 1969, yang menjadi dasar pengembangan industri persusuan saat ini. Makalah ini merupakan tinjauan dari dari gambaran keadaan industri persusuan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada data sekunder dan informasi yang dikumpulkan dari lembaga instansi dan sumber-sumber terkait dengan persusuan nasional. Makalah menyimpulkan bahwa industri persusuan sarat dengan perlindungan pemerintah. Bidang budidaya dan produksi susu segar dicirikan oleh usaha skala kecil yang jumlahnya banyak sementara bidang pengolahan (IPS) dikuasai oleh perusahaan besar yang jumlahnya sangat sedikit. Pasar susu segar lebih bersaing daripada pasar produk susu. Bahkan beberapa produk diproduksi oleh perusahaan yang oligopolistik atau bahkan monopolistik. Walaupun produksi susu segar diorganisasikan dalam bentuk koperasi, peranannya sangat lemah dibandingkan dengan peranan IPS. Peranan koperasi ini akan semakin melemah nanti, manakala aturan-aturan GATT/WTO akan diterapakan di kemudian hari. Nilai elastisitas permintaan harga dan pendapatan produk susu akan meningkat pula. Hal ini akan menyebabkan peningkatan impor produk susu. Untuk memelihara kepuasan konsumen di dalam negeri, maka beberap kebijakan perdagangan dan investasi dalam pengolahan susu perlu dilonggarkan agar tercipta persaingan yang sehat.</p>