bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey estimation of domain means that respect natural orderings
Authors: Wu Jiwen , Meyer Mary C. , Opsomer Jean D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMany variables in surveys follow natural orderings that should be respected in estimates of domain means. For instance the U.S. National Compensation Survey estimates mean wages for many job categories, and these mean wages are expected to be non‐decreasing according to job level. In this type of situation isotonic regression can be applied to give constrained estimators satisfying the monotonicity. We combine domain estimation and the pooled adjacent violators algorithm to construct new design‐weighted constrained estimators. The resulting estimator is the classical design‐based domain estimator but after adaptive pooling of neighbouring domains, so that it is both readily implemented in large‐scale surveys and easy to explain to data users. Under mild conditions on the sampling design and the population we obtain the asymptotic properties of the estimator. Simulation results also demonstrate improved point estimators and confidence intervals for domain means using linearization‐ and replication‐based variance estimation compared to survey estimators that do not incorporate the constraints. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 44: 431–444; 2016 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada
Eight‐channel decoupled array for cervical spinal cord imaging at 3T: six‐channel posterior and two‐channel anterior array coil
Authors: Sapkota Nabraj , Thapa Bijaya , Lee YouJung , Kim Taeho , Bisson Erica F. , Shah Lubdha M. , Rose John W. , Jeong Eun‐Kee 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a dedicated high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) radio frequency coil for cervical spinal cord (CSC) imaging without using the preamp decoupling technique. A novel eight‐channel CSC array was constructed using butterfly, loop (circular), and rectangular elements. The adjacent elements were decoupled by the critical geometrical overlapping, and most non‐adjacent elements were decoupled using the loop and butterfly elements. The performance of the proposed CSC coil was compared with the performance of the standard manufacturer's coil (Siemens' head, neck, and spine array) at 3T MRI system in T2‐weighted images, diffusion tensor images, and ultrahigh‐b diffusion‐weighted images. In T2‐weighted images, the SNR improvement of the eight‐channel CSC coil was 1.4–2.0 times over the manufacturer's coil at the different levels of the CSC vertebrae. Higher contrast between white matter and gray matter was observed in the diffusion‐weighted (b = 500 s/mm2) images and the fractional anisotropy maps obtained using the eight‐channel CSC coil compared with the manufacturer's coil. The eight‐channel CSC coil yielded 2.0 times higher SNR compared with the manufacturer's coil from the white matter region of the ultrahigh‐b (b = 7348 s/mm2) radial diffusion‐weighted images.
Lay health educators increase colorectal cancer screening among Hmong Americans: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tong Elisa K. , Nguyen Tung T. , Lo Penny , Stewart Susan L. , Gildengorin Ginny L. , Tsoh Janice Y. , Jo Angela M. , Kagawa‐Singer Marjorie L. , Sy Angela U. , Cuaresma Charlene , Lam Hy T. , Wong Ching , Tran Mi T. , Chen Moon S. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDAsian Americans have lower colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates than non‐Hispanic white individuals. Hmong Americans have limited socioeconomic resources and literacy. The current randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine whether bilingual/bicultural lay health educator (LHE) education could increase CRC screening among Hmong Americans.METHODSA cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among Hmong Americans in Sacramento, California. LHEs and recruited participants were randomized to intervention or control groups. The intervention group received CRC education over 3 months delivered by an LHE. The control group received education regarding nutrition and physical activity delivered by a health educator. The outcomes were changes in self‐reported ever‐screening and up‐to‐date CRC screening after 6 months.RESULTSAll 329 participants were foreign‐born with mostly no formal education, limited English proficiency, and no employment. The majority of the participants were insured and had a regular source of health care. The intervention group experienced greater changes after the intervention than the control group for ever‐screening (P = .068) and being up‐to‐date with screening (P<.0001). In multivariable regression analyses, the intervention group demonstrated a greater increase than the control group in reporting ever‐screening (adjusted odds ratio, 1.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.07‐2.79) and being up‐to‐date with screening (adjusted odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.26‐2.32). Individuals who had health insurance were found to have >4 times the odds of receiving screening, both ever‐screening and up‐to‐date screening. A higher CRC knowledge score mediated the intervention effect for both screening outcomes.CONCLUSIONSA culturally and linguistically appropriate educational intervention delivered by trained LHEs was found to increase CRC screening in an immigrant population with low levels of education, employment, English proficiency, and literacy. Cancer 2017;98–106. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Detection of lymph node metastases in pediatric and adolescent/young adult sarcoma: Sentinel lymph node biopsy versus fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging—A prospective trial
Authors: Wagner Lars M. , Kremer Nathalie , Gelfand Michael J. , Sharp Susan E. , Turpin Brian K. , Nagarajan Rajaram , Tiao Gregory M. , Pressey Joseph G. , Yin Julie , Dasgupta Roshni 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDLymph node metastases are an important cause of treatment failure for pediatric and adolescent/young adult (AYA) sarcoma patients. Nodal sampling is recommended for certain sarcoma subtypes that have a predilection for lymphatic spread. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) may improve the diagnostic yield of nodal sampling, particularly when single‐photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT‐CT) is used to facilitate anatomic localization. Functional imaging with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET‐CT) is increasingly used for sarcoma staging and is a less invasive alternative to SLNB. To assess the utility of these 2 staging methods, this study prospectively compared SLNB plus SPECT‐CT with PET‐CT for the identification of nodal metastases in pediatric and AYA patients.METHODSTwenty‐eight pediatric and AYA sarcoma patients underwent SLNB with SPECT‐CT. The histological findings of the excised lymph nodes were then correlated with preoperative PET‐CT imaging.RESULTSA median of 2.4 sentinel nodes were sampled per patient. No wound infections or chronic lymphedema occurred. SLNB identified tumors in 7 of the 28 patients (25%), including 3 patients who had normal PET‐CT imaging of the nodal basin. In contrast, PET‐CT demonstrated hypermetabolic regional nodes in 14 patients, and this resulted in a positive predictive value of only 29%. The sensitivity and specificity of PET‐CT for detecting histologically confirmed nodal metastases were only 57% and 52%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSSLNB can safely guide the rational selection of nodes for biopsy in pediatric and AYA sarcoma patients and can identify therapy‐changing nodal disease not appreciated with PET‐CT. Cancer 2017;155–160. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Graphene/Sulfur Composites with a Foam‐Like Porous Architecture and Controllable Pore Size for High Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Deng Wei , Zhou Xufeng , Fang Qile , Liu Zhaoping 
Published: August 2016

Abstract3D macroporous graphene foams are extensively used as sulfur supports for high‐performance lithium–sulfur batteries owing to their high electrical conductivity and porous structures. Herein, we investigate the electrochemical properties of foam‐like porous‐graphene‐supported sulfur with two distinctive pore sizes as a cathode material in lithium–sulfur batteries. The smaller pore size (∼500 nm) remarkably increases the electron pathways to facilitate fast electron transport and alleviate polarization of electrodes during charge–discharge processes, and relatively abundant graphene cages in porous graphene with smaller pore size spatially inhibit the shuttle of polysulfides into the electrolyte. Meanwhile, the high specific surface area and pore volume arising from small pores are beneficial for ultrathin sulfur layer deposition on the graphene surface, which effectively alleviates the formation of Li2S deposition composites and physically suppresses the dissolution of polysulfides. Consequently, the foam‐like graphene/sulfur composite cathode with small pore size and high sulfur content (65 wt %) displays higher specific capacity, better rate capability and cycling stability than those of the samples with larger pores. It can retain a high reversible capacity of 606.7 mAh g−1 after 300 charge–discharge cycles at 1C with 99.0 % Coulombic efficiency.
Titanium‐Carbide‐Decorated Carbon Nanofibers as Hybrid Electrodes for High Performance Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Zhou Fei , Song Lu‐Ting , Lu Lei‐Lei , Yao Hong‐Bin , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLi‐S batteries are among the most promising candidates for the next generation of energy storage systems due to their high theoretical energy densities and reasonable kinetics. However, the poor electronic conductivity of sulfur and the dissolution of lithium polysulfide intermediates lead to the low practical capacity and the fast capacity decay of sulfur cathode. Herein, we report a hybrid electrode design based on titanium carbide nanoparticles (TiC NPs) attached to carbon nanofibers (CNFs) to improve the sulfur cathode performance via the synergistic effect of the strong binding of TiC NPs and the high conductivity of CNFs. The TiC NPs‐CNFs hybrid electrode provides both a high electron transfer pathway and deposition active sites for sulfur species, and thus largely enhances the cycling stability and rate performance of the sulfur cathode. This hybrid electrode material will have a great potential application in future Li‐S batteries due to its facile preparation and high efficiency.
Rational Design of Zirconium‐doped Titania Photocatalysts with Synergistic Brønsted Acidity and Photoactivity
Authors: Ma Runyuan , Wang Liang , Zhang Bingsen , Yi Xianfeng , Zheng Anmin , Deng Feng , Yan Xuhua , Pan Shuxiang , Wei Xiao , Wang Kai‐Xue , Su Dang Sheng , Xiao Feng‐Shou 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe preparation of photocatalysts with high activities under visible‐light illumination is challenging. We report the rational design and construction of a zirconium‐doped anatase catalyst (S‐Zr‐TiO2) with Brønsted acidity and photoactivity as an efficient catalyst for the degradation of phenol under visible light. Electron microscopy images demonstrate that the zirconium sites are uniformly distributed on the sub‐10 nm anatase crystals. UV‐visible spectrometry indicates that the S‐Zr‐TiO2 is a visible‐light‐responsive catalyst with narrower band gap than conventional anatase. Pyridine‐adsorption infrared and acetone‐adsorption 13C NMR spectra confirm the presence of Brønsted acidic sites on the S‐Zr‐TiO2 sample. Interestingly, the S‐Zr‐TiO2 catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity in the degradation of phenol under visible‐light illumination, owing to a synergistic effect of the Brønsted acidity and photoactivity. Importantly, the S‐Zr‐TiO2 shows good recyclability.
Decorating CoP and Pt Nanoparticles on Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets to Promote Overall Water Splitting by Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Pan Zhiming , Zheng Yun , Guo Fangsong , Niu Pingping , Wang Xinchen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe splitting of water into H2 and O2 using solar energy is one of the key steps in artificial photosynthesis for the future production of renewable energy. Here, we show the first use of CoP and Pt nanoparticles as dual co‐catalysts to modify graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) polymer to achieve overall water splitting under visible light irradiation. Our findings demonstrate that loading dual co‐catalysts on delaminated g‐C3N4 imparts surface redox sites on the g‐C3N4 nanosheets that can not only promote catalytic kinetics but also promote charge separation and migration in the soft interface, thus improving the photocatalytic efficiency for overall water splitting. This robust, abundant, and stable photocatalyst based on covalent organic frameworks is demonstrated to hold great promise by forming heterojunctions with CoP and Pt for catalyzing the direct splitting of water into stoichiometric H2 and O2 using energy from photons.
Improved Ambient‐Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by a Hybrid Polymeric Electron‐Transporting Layer
Authors: Zhu Zonglong , Chueh Chu‐Chen , Zhang Guangye , Huang Fei , Yan He , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this work, an efficient inverted perovskite solar cell with decent ambient stability is successfully demonstrated by employing an n‐type polymer, poly{[N,N′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalene diimide‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)} (N2200), as the electron‐transporting layer (ETL). The device performance can be further enhanced from a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15 to 16.8 % by tailoring the electronic properties of N2200 with a polymeric additive, poly[9,9‐bis(6′‐(N,N‐diethylamino)propyl)‐fluorene‐alt‐9,9‐bis(3‐ethyl(oxetane‐3‐ethyloxy)‐hexyl) fluorene] (PFN‐Ox). More importantly, the device derived from this hybrid ETL can maintain good ambient stability inherent from the pristine N2200 ETL, for which 60–70 % of initial PCE can be retained after being stored in air with 10–20 % humidity for 45 days.
Utilization of ancillary studies in the cytologic diagnosis of respiratory lesions: The papanicolaou society of cytopathology consensus recommendations for respiratory cytology
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Roy‐Chowdhuri Sinchita , Baloch Zubair , Ehya Hormoz , Geisinger Kim , Hsiao Susan J. , Lin Oscar , Lindeman Neal I. , Roh Michael , Schmitt Fernando , Sidiropoulos Nikoletta , VanderLaan Paul A. 
Published: August 2016

The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology has developed a set of guidelines for respiratory cytology including indications for sputum examination, bronchial washings and brushings, CT‐guided FNA and endobronchial ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EBUS‐FNA), as well as recommendations for classification and criteria, ancillary testing and post‐cytologic diagnosis management and follow‐up. All recommendation documents are based on the expertise of committee members, an extensive literature review, and feedback from presentations at national and international conferences. The guideline documents selectively present the results of these discussions.The present document summarizes recommendations for ancillary testing of cytologic samples. Ancillary testing including microbiologic, immunocytochemical, flow cytometric, and molecular testing, including next‐generation sequencing are discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:1000–1009. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The proportion of impervious surfaces at the landscape scale structures wild bee assemblages in a densely populated region
Authors: Geslin Benoît , Le Féon Violette , Folschweiller Morgane , Flacher Floriane , Carmignac David , Motard Eric , Perret Samuel , Dajoz Isabelle 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGiven the predicted expansion of cities throughout the world, understanding the effect of urbanization on bee fauna is a major issue for the conservation of bees. The aim of this study was to understand how urbanization affects wild bee assemblages along a gradient of impervious surfaces and to determine the influence of landscape composition and floral resource availability on these assemblages. We chose 12 sites with a proportion of impervious surfaces (soil covered by parking, roads, and buildings) ranging from 0.06% to 64.31% within a 500 m radius. We collected using pan trapping and estimated the landscape composition of the sites within a 500 m radius and the species richness of plant assemblages within a 200 m radius. We collected 1104 bees from 74 species. The proportion of impervious surfaces at the landscape scale had a negative effect on wild bee abundance and species richness, whereas local flower composition had no effect. Ground‐nesting bees were particularly sensitive to the urbanization gradient. This study provides new evidences of the impact of urbanization on bee assemblages and the proportion of impervious surfaces at the landscape scale emerged as a key factor that drives those assemblages.
CD40L expression by CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells regulates antiviral immune responses in acute LCMV infection in mice
Authors: Durlanik Sibel , Loyal Lucie , Stark Regina , Sercan Alp Özen , Hartung Anett , Radbruch Andreas , von Herrath Matthias , Matzmohr Nadine , Frentsch Marco , Thiel Andreas 
Published: August 2016

CD40‐CD40 ligand (CD40L) signaling plays multiple indispensable roles in cellular and humoral immunity. Impaired memory T‐cell responses in the absence of CD40L have been well documented, but the requirement of this interaction for efficient priming of CD8+ T cells especially under inflammatory conditions has been under debate. In contrast to previous publications, we report here that virus‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses as well as viral clearance are affected not only in the memory but also in the effector phase in CD40L−/− mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Armstrong strain. Interestingly, a considerable part of the LCMV‐specific effector and memory T cells consists of CD40L+ CD8+ T cells. However, deficiency of CD40L in CD8+ T cells did influence neither the quantity nor the quality of primary T‐cell responses in LCMV infection. Virus‐specific CD8+ T cells in conditional knockout mice, with a selective deletion of the CD40L in CD8+ T cells, were fully functional regarding cytokine production and efficient pathogen clearance. Thus, our results unambiguously demonstrate that while CD40L is critical to generate effective primary CD8+ T‐cell responses also under inflammatory conditions, CD40L expression by CD8+ T cells themselves is dispensable in acute LCMV infection.
Expectation influences the interruptive function of pain: Behavioural and neural findings
Authors: Sinke C. , Schmidt K. , Forkmann K. , Bingel U. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundExpectations can dramatically influence the perception of pain, as has been shown in placebo analgesia or nocebo hyperalgesia. Here, we investigated the role of expectation on the interruptive function of pain – the negative consequences of pain on cognitive task performance – in 42 healthy human subjects.MethodsVerbal and written instructions were used to manipulate the subjects’ expectation of how pain would influence their task performance in an established visual categorization task which was performed with or without concomitant painful thermal stimulation during 3T fMRI scanning. The categorization task was followed by a surprise recognition task.ResultsWe observed a significant interaction between stimulation (pain/no pain) and expectancy (positive expectation/negative expectation): categorization accuracy decreased during painful stimulation in the negative expectancy group (N = 21), while no difference was observed in the positive expectancy group (N = 21). On the neural level, the positive expectancy group showed stronger activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus during painful stimulation compared to the negative group. Moreover, we detected a decrease in connectivity between ACC and fusiform gyrus during painful stimulation in the negative expectancy group, which was absent in the positive expectancy group.ConclusionTaken together, our data show that expectation can modulate the effect of pain on task performance and that these expectancy effects on the interruptive function of pain are mediated by activity and connectivity changes in brain areas involved in pain processing and task performance. The possibility of changing cognitive task performance by verbal information in clinical population warrants further investigation.SignificanceWe show that the interruptive function of pain on concurrent visual task performance is influenced by expectation. Positive expectation can abolish the detrimental effects of pain on cognition. These expectancy effects on the interruptive function of pain are mediated by changes in functional connectivity between rostral ACC, posterior fusiform cortex and the hippocampus.
Oxidation Mechanism of Fluorescein at Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Queiroz Nathalia L. , Nascimento José A. M. , Nascimento Maysa L. , Nascimento Valberes B. , Oliveira Severino Carlos B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study investigates redox properties of fluorescein (FLSC), a fluorescent tracer with many applications in several areas, markedly in biochemical research and health care diagnosis, on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) at a wide interval of pH by using voltammetric techniques. Three peaks were observed at different potentials. The investigation revealed that FLSC is irreversibly electroxidized under a diffusion‐controled and pH–dependent process. The oxidation process in acid and physiological media occurs in two consecutive steps with formation of a main electroactive oxidation product in acid medium. Both oxidation steps involve the transfer of one electron and one proton, corresponding to the oxidation of phenolic groups with formation of ortho‐quinone derivatives, which are reversibly reduced to form catechol derivatives, and/or polymeric products. One electron and one proton are removed from the phenolic group at the position C6’ at the first step and at position C3’ at the second step. The diffusion coefficient of FLSC was assessed in pH=7.0 phosphate buffer (9.77×10−5 cm2 s−1). A differential pulse voltammetric method for determination of FLSC in physiological medium was also proposed.
Analytical and numerical assessments of local overpressure from hydrogen gas explosions in petrochemical plants
Authors: Bang Boohyoung , Park Hyunsu , Kim Jonghun , Al‐Deyab Salem S. , Yarin Alexander L. , Yoon Sam S. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAccurate prediction of pressure rise is important for safety assessments of a petrochemical plant in the event of an explosion accident. The sudden pressures arising from gas explosions at various hydrogen concentrations in air have been predicted analytically and numerically. These solutions were compared against experimental data. The analytical solution, based on the self‐similar solution for pointwise strong explosions in an open space, which assumed no energy loss and premixed fuel‐air mixture, reasonably predicted the explosive‐ignition detonation case while the numerical solutions were more suitable to model spark‐ignition deflagration cases that accounted for the effect of turbulence arising from three‐dimensionality and presence of obstacles in the computational domain. Comparison of both analytical and numerical results against experimental data indicates that their differences are within a 30% margin. The analytical model presented herein can be useful for field engineers who want conservative estimates of the overpressure resulting from explosive‐ignition detonation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.