bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Adherence of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum to Forage as a Consideration for Excessive Ingestion by Ruminants
Authors: Torbert H. A. , Chaney R. L. , Watts D. B. 
Published: February 2017

Gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate, CaSO4⋅2H2O) has long been used to improve soils and crop production, and its use has recently been encouraged by the USDA–NRCS for soil conservation through a new Conservation Practice Standard: Code 333. However, there is concern regarding the adverse effects of excessive direct ingestion of sulfate in gypsum by ruminants. The standard requires ruminants to be removed from grazing after application until after a rainfall, but there has been no research documenting gypsum adherence to forage or the potential for rainfall to reduce gypsum adherence. A study was established to examine the adherence and persistence of gypsum on different forage species. Two forages (bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon L.] and tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea Schreb.]) were examined after gypsum applications at rates of 0, 1, and 5 Mg ha−1. The forage was sampled immediately after application, 1 wk after application, after a 1.5‐cm rain, and after a 3.3‐cm rain. Immediately after gypsum application, more gypsum adhered to the tall fescue (27.9 g gypsum kg−1) compared with bermudagrass (8.6 g gypsum kg−1), likely due to differences in the leaf structure. This represents S concentrations of 0.16 and 0.52% for any grazing ruminants feeding exclusively on the bermudagrass and tall fescue pastures. On succeeding sampling dates, substantial amounts of gypsum persisted only on the wider‐leaved tall fescue. With tall fescue, a difference in gypsum adherence could be observed after a 1.5‐cm rain, but no significant difference was observed between the gypsum application and the control after an additional 3.3‐cm rain. Results indicate that care should be observed with grazing after gypsum application, especially on wide‐leaved forages. However, using application rates within normal agronomic beneficial use guidelines (NRCS standard 333), negative results from direct ingestion of gypsum are not likely if grazing is discontinued several weeks and until a rainfall event occurs.Core Ideas
Gypsum adherence to forage may be risk for PEM for ruminants feeding exclusively on pasture.
Gypsum adherence was greater on tall fescue than bermudagrass, likely due to leaf structure.
No gypsum adherence was observed after a second rainfall, indicating gypsum can be washed off.
Normal application rates are not likely to result in S concentrations sufficient to cause PEM.
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS� PERSONALITY IN STUDENTS� LEARNING MOTIVATION TO UNDERSTAND CONCEPT OF SCIENCE
Authors: Barlia Lily 
Published: February 2017

Abstrak: Kepribadian Guru Sekolah Dasar dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa untuk Memahami Konsep Sains. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menggali informasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi belajar anak usia sekolah dasar untuk pemahaman konsep sains. Subjek penelitian adalah 26 anak SD kelas VI di SD RSBI Banten dan guru yang membelajarkannya. Metode pengumpulan data dengan angket tentang strategi motivasi belajar anak (MSLQ=Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionaires), observasi kelas, dan wawancara terstruktur. Analisis data dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang faktor-faktor yang mem-pengaruhi motivasi belajar, dan cross-case analysis untuk setiap anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap anak mempunyai faktor motivasi yang berbeda dalam belajar sains. Kepribadian guru yang unik, seperti kedekatan serta berusaha untuk memahami dan menghargai potensi anak didik dapat mening-katkan motivasi anak belajar sains. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa di dalam proses pembelajaran sains untuk perubahan konseptual, seorang guru sekolah dasar harus memahami pentingnya faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi anak untuk belajar, termasuk kepribadian yang dapat diterima, sehingga mereka dapat mengikuti proses pembelajaran dengan lebih bermakna. Katakunci: motivasi, pembelajaran konseptual, perubahan konseptual, pembelajaran sains, kepribadian guru
Risk Factors for Renal Survival in Chinese Patients with Myeloperoxidase-ANCA–Associated GN
Authors: Chen Yinghua , Bao Hao , Liu Zhengzhao , Liu Xia , Gao Erzhi , Zeng Caihong , Zhang Haitao , Liu Zhihong , Hu Weixin 
Published: February 2017

Background and objectives
Our study explored the association of histopathologic classification of ANCA-associated GN with renal survival in Chinese patients with myeloperoxidase-ANCA–associated GN.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Two hundred fifteen patients with biopsy-proven myeloperoxidase-ANCA–associated GN were included from January of 1996 to December of 2014. The biopsies included focal (n=27), mixed (n=82), crescentic (n=47), and sclerotic (n=59) classes. The long-term renal outcome and risk factors of myeloperoxidase-ANCA–associated GN for different histopathologic classes were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
During a median follow-up time of 22 (9–51) months, 88 (40.9%) patients reached ESRD. The 5-year renal survival (overall 58.7%) was highest in the focal class (100.0%) and lowest in the sclerotic class (20.7%), with no difference between the mixed (58.9%) and crescentic (67.4%) classes. Patients in the mixed (hazard ratio, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.57; P<0.001) and crescentic (hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.16 to 0.59; P<0.001) classes were at lower risk for ESRD compared with patients in the sclerotic class, as were patients who received glucocorticoids plus mycophenolate mofetil (hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.60; P<0.001) compared with those receiving glucocorticoids alone. In addition, patients with a serum creatinine level ≥4 mg/dl (hazard ratio, 2.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.77 to 4.85; P<0.001) or hypoalbuminemia (hazard ratio, 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.32 to 3.34; P=0.002) were at higher risk for ESRD. A serum creatinine level ≥4 mg/dl and a percentage of global sclerotic glomeruli ≥60% were the two independent risk factors for ESRD in the sclerotic class.

Conclusions
The histopathologic classification of ANCA-associated GN in combination with serum creatinine and serum albumin levels and treatment regimen is associated with renal outcome in myeloperoxidase-ANCA–associated GN. The evaluation of serum creatinine level and percentage of global sclerotic glomeruli provides additional information on the risk of renal survival in the sclerotic class of myeloperoxidase-ANCA–associated GN.
Risk of Hypertension among First-Time Symptomatic Kidney Stone Formers
Authors: Kittanamongkolchai Wonngarm , Mara Kristin C. , Mehta Ramila A. , Vaughan Lisa E. , Denic Aleksandar , Knoedler John J. , Enders Felicity T. , Lieske John C. , Rule Andrew D. 
Published: February 2017

Background and objectives
Prior work has suggested a higher risk of hypertension in kidney stone formers but lacked disease validation and adjustment for potential confounders. Certain types of stone formers may also be at higher risk of hypertension.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In our study, incident symptomatic stone formers in Olmsted County from 2000 to 2011 were manually validated by chart review and age and sex matched to Olmsted County controls. We followed up patients through November 20, 2015. Hypertension was also validated by manual chart review, and the risk of hypertension in stone formers compared with controls was assessed both univariately and after adjusting for comorbidities. The risk of hypertension among different subtypes of stone formers was also evaluated.

Results
Among 3023 coded stone formers from 2000 to 2011, a total of 1515 were validated and matched to 1515 controls (mean age was 45 years old, and 56% were men). After excluding those with baseline hypertension (20% of stone formers and 18% of controls), 154 stone formers and 110 controls developed hypertension. Median follow-up time was 7.8 years in stone formers and 9.6 years in controls. Stone formers were found to have a higher risk of hypertension compared with controls (hazard ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.18 to 1.92), even after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, serum creatinine, CKD, diabetes, gout, coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, tobacco use, and alcohol abuse (hazard ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 2.21). Results were similar after excluding patients who were ever on a thiazide diuretic (hazard ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 2.38). Stone composition, radiographic stone burden, number of subsequent stone events, and stone removal surgeries were not associated with hypertension (P>0.05 for all).

Conclusions
The risk of hypertension was higher after the first symptomatic kidney stone event. However, kidney stone severity, type, and treatment did not associate with hypertension.
The Relationship between Audit Team Composition, Audit Fees, and Quality
Authors: Hossain Sarowar , Yazawa Kenichi , Monroe Gary S. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARY
Using Japanese data, we investigate whether there is a positive association between audit team composition based on the number of senior auditors, assistant auditors, and other professional staff on the audit team and audit fees and a variety of commonly used measures of audit quality (likelihood of issuing a going concern opinion and a first-time going concern opinion for a sample of financially distressed companies, the absolute value of discretionary and working capital accruals). We find that the number of senior auditors, assistant auditors, and other professional staff on the audit team are positively associated with audit fees. We find that the number of senior auditors on the audit team has a positive association with audit quality. However, the number of assistant auditors and other professional staff on the audit team are not significantly associated with any of our audit quality measures.
JEL Classifications: M41; M42.
Data Availability: All data are publicly available from the sources indicated in the paper.
THE INFLUENCE OF ACTUATION MODELING ON THE ASSESSED JOINT REACTIONS IN BIOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Drapała Krzysztof , Pulaski Kazimierz , Blajer Wojciech 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Introduction. Human body biomechanical models are actuated either by net torques at the joints or individual muscle forces whose action around the joints results, by principle, in the net torques. In the model-based inverse dynamics simulation of human movements the assessed joint reactions depend substantially on the choice of the actuation model, which is discussed in the paper. Material and methods. Using the two actuation models, variant biomechanical models of the lower limb, decomposed from the whole human body, were developed. They were then used for the inverse dynamics simulation of a recorded one-leg jump on the force platform to assess time variations of controls (either net torques or muscle forces) and joint reactions. Results. The assessed joint reactions obtained using the model actuated by net torques are substantially different from those obtained by means of the model actuated by muscle forces. Conclusion. The joint reactions computed using the model actuated by net torques do not involve contribution of the tensile muscle forces to the internal loads, and they are therefore underestimated. Determination of joint reactions should thus be based on musculoskeletal models actuated by the muscle forces.
Mechanical properties of nano-SiO2 reinforced 3D glass fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Yildirim Ferhat , Aydin Mustafa , Avci Ahmet 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThree dimensional (3D) glass fiber epoxy composites reinforced with nano-SiO2 particles at ratios of 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.% and 3 wt.%, were manufactured using the vacuum infusion method to improve the mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermo-gravimetric analysis, particle dispersion detection by color measurement, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping, three point bending and tensile testing were performed to characterize the nano-particle-reinforced 3D composites. Mapping and color measurement revealed good dispersion of the nano-particles. The mechanical tests showed improvement rates of 52 % and 64 % respectively on warp and weft directions compared with the non-reinforced 3D composite. The tensile strength of the nano-SiO2 reinforced 3D woven composites also increased to 6 % and 10 % according to the warp and weft directions compared with the non-reinforced 3D composite.
Association of Social Support and Family Environment with Cognitive Function in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Wang Qin , Yang Zhi-Kai , Sun Xiu-Mei , Du Yun , Song Yi-Fan , Ren Ye-Ping , Dong Jie 
Published: February 2017

Background Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common phenomenon and predictive of high mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. This study aimed to analyze the association of social support and family environment with cognitive function in PD patients. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of PD patients from Peking University First Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. Global cognitive function was measured using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), executive function was measured by the A and B trail-making tests, and other cognitive functions were measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Social support was measured with the Social Support Scale developed by Xiaoshuiyuan and family environment was measured with the Chinese Version of the Family Environment Scale (FES-CV). Results The prevalence of CI and executive dysfunction among the 173 patients in the study was, respectively, 16.8% and 26.3%. Logistic regression found that higher global social support (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09, 1.01 – 1.17, p = 0.027) and subjective social support predicted higher prevalence of CI (OR = 1.13, 1.02 – 1.25, p = 0.022), adjusting for covariates. Analyses of the FES-CV dimensions found that greater independence was significantly associated with better immediate memory and delayed memory. Moreover, higher scores on achievement orientation were significantly associated with poorer language skills. Conclusions Our findings indicate that social support is negatively associated with the cognitive function of PD patients and that some dimensions of the family environment are significantly associated with several domains of cognitive function.
Kinematic Clues to Bar Evolution for Galaxies in the Local Universe: Why the Fastest Rotating Bars are Rotating Most Slowly
Authors: Font J. , Beckman J. E. , Martínez-Valpuesta I. , Borlaff A. S. , James P. A. , Díaz-García S. , García-Lorenzo B. , Camps-Fariña A. , Gutiérrez L. , Amram P. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We have used Spitzer images of a sample of 68 barred spiral galaxies in the local universe to make systematic measurements of bar length and bar strength. We combine these with precise determinations of the corotation radii associated with the bars, taken from our previous study, which used the phase change from radial inflow to radial outflow of gas at corotation, based on high-resolution two-dimensional velocity fields in Hα taken with a Fabry–Pérot spectrometer. After presenting the histograms of the derived bar parameters, we study their dependence on the galaxy morphological type and on the total stellar mass of the host galaxy, and then produce a set of parametric plots. These include the bar pattern speed versus bar length, the pattern speed normalized with the characteristic pattern speed of the outer disk versus the bar strength, and the normalized pattern speed versus

, the ratio of corotation radius to bar length. To provide guidelines for our interpretation, we used recently published simulations, including disk and dark matter halo components. Our most striking conclusion is that bars with values of

< 1.4, previously considered dynamically fast rotators, can be among the slowest rotators both in absolute terms and when their pattern speeds are normalized. The simulations confirm that this is because as the bars are braked, they can grow longer more quickly than the outward drift of the corotation radius. We conclude that dark matter halos have indeed slowed down the rotation of bars on Gyr timescales.
The Statistics of Radio Astronomical Polarimetry: Disjoint, Superposed, and Composite Samples
Authors: Straten W. van , Tiburzi C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A statistical framework is presented for the study of the orthogonally polarized modes of radio pulsar emission via the covariances between the Stokes parameters. To accommodate the typically heavy-tailed distributions of single-pulse radio flux density, the fourth-order joint cumulants of the electric field are used to describe the superposition of modes with arbitrary probability distributions. The framework is used to consider the distinction between superposed and disjoint modes, with particular attention to the effects of integration over finite samples. If the interval over which the polarization state is estimated is longer than the timescale for switching between two or more disjoint modes of emission, then the modes are unresolved by the instrument. The resulting composite sample mean exhibits properties that have been attributed to mode superposition, such as depolarization. Because the distinction between disjoint modes and a composite sample of unresolved disjoint modes depends on the temporal resolution of the observing instrumentation, the arguments in favor of superposed modes of pulsar emission are revisited, and observational evidence for disjoint modes is described. In principle, the four-dimensional covariance matrix that describes the distribution of sample mean Stokes parameters can be used to distinguish between disjoint modes, superposed modes, and a composite sample of unresolved disjoint modes. More comprehensive and conclusive interpretation of the covariance matrix requires more detailed consideration of various relevant phenomena, including temporally correlated subpulse modulation (e.g., jitter), statistical dependence between modes (e.g., covariant intensities and partial coherence), and multipath propagation effects (e.g., scintillation and scattering).
Activity and Rotation of Kepler-17
Authors: Valio Adriana , Estrela Raissa , Netto Yuri , Bravo J. P. , Medeiros J. R. de 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Magnetic activity on stars manifests itself in the form of dark spots on the stellar surface, which cause modulations of a few percent in the light curve of the star as it rotates. When a planet eclipses its host star, it might cross in front of one of these spots, creating a “bump” in the transit light curve. By modeling these spot signatures, it is possible to determine the physical properties of the spots such as size, temperature, and location. In turn, monitoring of the spots’ longitude provides estimates of the stellar rotation and differential rotation. This technique was applied to the star Kepler-17, a solar–type star orbited by a hot Jupiter. The model yields the following spot characteristics: average radius of 49 ± 10 Mm, temperatures of 5100 ± 300 K, and surface area coverage of 6 ± 4%. The rotation period at the transit latitude,

, occulted by the planet was found to be 11.92 ± 0.05 day, slightly smaller than the out-of-transit average period of 12.4 ± 0.1 day. Adopting a solar-like differential rotation, we estimated the differential rotation of Kepler-17 to be

rd day−1, which is close to the solar value of 0.050 rd day−1, and a relative differential rotation of

. Because Kepler-17 is much more active than our Sun, it appears that, for this star, larger rotation rate is more effective in the generation of magnetic fields than shear.
The Risk of Developing Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Cohort Study
Authors: Eder Lihi , Chandran Vinod , Cook Richard , Gladman Dafna D. 
Published: February 2017

Objective.To estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in comparison with the general population and to assess whether the level of disease activity over time predicts the development of DM in these patients.Methods.A cohort analysis was conducted in patients followed in a large PsA clinic from 1978 to 2014. The prevalence of DM in the patients was compared with the general population of Ontario, Canada, and the age-standardized prevalence ratio (SPR) was calculated. For the assessment of risk factors for DM, time-weighted arithmetic mean (AM) levels of PsA-related disease activity measures were assessed as predictors for the development of DM. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute HR for incident DM after controlling for potential confounders.Results.A total of 1305 patients were included in the analysis. The SPR of DM in PsA compared with the general population in Ontario was 1.43 (p = 0.002). Of the 1065 patients who were included in the time-to-event analysis, 73 patients were observed to develop DM. Based on multivariable analyses, AM tender joint count (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.08–2.18, p = 0.02) and AM erythrocyte sedimentation rate (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.41, p = 0.02) predicted the development of DM.Conclusion.The prevalence of DM is higher in patients with PsA compared with the general population. Patients with elevated levels of disease activity are at higher risk of developing DM.
La « maison » des adolescents placés en Maisons d’enfants à caractère social
Authors: Guy Fleur 
Published: February 2017

Les Maisons d’enfants à caractère social sont des établissements relevant du secteur social et médico-social accueillant des mineurs placés par l’Aide sociale à l’enfance ou la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse. Alors que le terme « maison » est présent dans le nom de ces établissements, ils ont la particularité d’être des espaces de résidence institutionnels et non familiaux. La polysémie du terme « maison » est alors utilisée par les équipes éducatives pour gommer le caractère institutionnel de l’établissement ou, au contraire, l’accentuer. Le rôle de la mecs dans l’appropriation affective de l’espace par les adolescents se pense alors en complémentarité avec d’autres espaces, dont le domicile familial. La situation de placement invite ainsi à penser l’appropriation conjointe de plusieurs « maisons » par les adolescents.
Se déplacer à domicile : soutien à la fonction symbolisante dans une consultation thérapeutique familiale
Authors: Lévy Élisabeth 
Published: February 2017

Déplacer le dispositif du soin au domicile ne va pas de soi. Il arrive que les patients nous amènent à agir, à nous déplacer, à créer une nouvelle aire thérapeutique pour penser. La visite à domicile ( vad ) est alors apparentée à la technique du psychodrame. Lorsque la mort « recouvre » une naissance, ici au décours d’une grossesse gémellaire primipare, l’histoire familiale est mise à mal. Le travail psychique qu’implique la venue d’enfant, au niveau narcissique, au niveau objectal, est mis en difficulté. Nous tenterons de montrer comment nous avons pensé la visite à domicile comme un soin pour la relance représentationnelle, travaillé autour de la fonction symbolisante de l’objet par un « acte parlant ». Ce dispositif part d’un travail sur l’inter-transfert des co-thérapeutes, qui est d’autant plus sollicité dans le cadre de la vad , pour qu’un dialogue intersubjectif reprenne entre deux parents.