bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The space-dependent model and output characteristics of intra-cavity pumped dual-wavelength lasers
Authors: He Jin-Qi , Dong Yuan , Zhang Feng-Dong , Yu Yong-Ji , Jin Guang-Yong , Liu Li-Da 
Published: January 2016

The intra-cavity pumping scheme which is used to simultaneously generate dual-wavelength lasers was proposed and published by us and the space-independent model of quasi-three-level and four-level intra-cavity pumped dual-wavelength lasers was constructed based on this scheme. In this paper, to make the previous study more rigorous, the space-dependent model is adopted. As an example, the output characteristics of 946 nm and 1064 nm dual-wavelength lasers under the conditions of different output mirror transmittances are numerically simulated by using the derived formula and the results are nearly identical to what was previously reported.
Quo Vadis, Knowledge Management: A Regeneration or a Revolution in the Making?
Authors: Schmitt Ulrich 
Published: January 2016

Over more than a decade, Knowledge Management (KM) thinkers have been pondering over the need for a new chapter in the evolutionary history of KM. Will it just be a regeneration based on the integration and new alignment of the numerous metaphors employed for KM’s past interpretations, or will it be — as Levy suggests — a decentralising revolution that gives more power and autonomy to individuals and self-organised groups? Inspired by the objective of this special JIKM issue, the paper adopts a current “Next KM Generation” concept and prototype-in-progress as a point of departure and reverse engineers its functionalities in order to crystallise those KM Models and Theories which — in terms of the concept to be introduced — have passed the test of time. Forty-eight KM constructs have been singled out which are the ingredients for the ongoing integrating, adapting, broadening, deepening, repurposing, and innovating activities of the Personalised KM concept and system design which has been transparently mapped and visualised utilising the Information-Space Model.
A Validated Prognostic Multigene Expression Assay for Overall Survival in Resected Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases
Authors: Balachandran Vinod P. , Arora Arshi , Gönen Mithat , Ito Hiromichi , Turcotte Simon , Shia Jinru , Viale Agnes , Snoeren Nikol , van Hooff Sander R. , Rinkes Inne H.M. Borel , Adam René , Kingham T. Peter , Allen Peter J. , DeMatteo Ronald P. , Jarnagin William R. , D'Angelica Michael I. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Risk stratification after surgery for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) is achieved using clinicopathologic variables, however, is of limited accuracy. We sought to derive and externally validate a multigene expression assay prognostic of overall survival (OS) that is superior to clinicopathologic variables in patients with surgically resected CRLM.
Experimental Design: We measured mRNA expression in prospectively collected frozen tumor from 96 patients with surgically resected CRLM at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC, New York, NY). We retrospectively generated a 20-gene molecular risk score (MRS) and compared its prognostic utility for OS and recurrence-free survival (RFS) with three common clinical risk scores (CRS). We then tested the prognostic ability of the MRS in an external validation cohort (European) of 119 patients with surgically resected CRLM at the University Medical Center Utrecht (Utrecht, the Netherlands) and Paul Brousse Hospital (Villejuif, France).
Results: For OS in the MSKCC cohort, MRS was the strongest independent prognosticator (HR, 3.7–4.9; P &lt; 0.001) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 0.3; P ≤ 0.001). For OS in the European cohort, MRS was the only independent prognosticator (HR, 3.5; P = 0.007). For RFS, MRS was also independently prognostic in the MSKCC cohort (HR, 2.4–2.6; P ≤ 0.001) and the European cohort (HR, 1.6–2.5; P ≤ 0.05).
Conclusions: Compared with CRSs, the MRS is more accurate, broadly applicable, and an independent prognostic biomarker of OS in resected CRLM. This MRS is the first externally validated prognostic multigene expression assay after metastasectomy for CRLM and warrants prospective validation. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2575–82. ©2016 AACR.
Topographic Impacts on the Spatial Distribution of Deep Convection over Southern Quebec
Authors: Kovacs Michael , Kirshbaum Daniel J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObservations and numerical simulations reveal pronounced mesoscale variability in deep-convection occurrence over southern Quebec, Canada. A 22-yr climatology from the McGill radar just west of Montreal shows that deep-convection maxima exist (i) within the St. Lawrence valley surrounding Ottawa; (ii) within the Champlain valley of upstate New York, extending north to just east of Montreal; and (iii) in the lee of the Laurentian Mountains northeast of Trois-Rivières. These features are sensitive to the background low- to midlevel geostrophic wind direction, shifting northward as the southerly wind component increases. A meridional axis of suppressed convection also extends from Lake Ontario and the Adirondacks of New York north through Montreal and into the Laurentians. To physically interpret these features, a suite of quasi-idealized convection-permitting simulations is conducted. Analysis of the simulations, which broadly reproduce the observed extrema in convection occurrence, reveals that the maxima develop within pockets of moisture and mass convergence at the junctions of major river valleys and in the lee of prominent mountain ridges. In these locations, enhanced boundary layer humidity and convective available potential energy (CAPE) coincides with minimal convective inhibition (CIN). The minima occur over and downwind of water bodies, where limited surface heat fluxes reduce CAPE and increase CIN, and over the higher terrain, where reduced low-level moisture limits storm intensity.
Sensor-Specific Error Statistics for SST in the Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans
Authors: Petrenko B. , Ignatov A. , Kihai Y. , Dash P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe formulation of the sensor-specific error statistics (SSES) has been redesigned in the latest implementation of the NOAA Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO) to enable efficient use of SSES for assimilation of the ACSPO baseline regression SST (BSST) into level 4 (L4) analyses. The SSES algorithm employs segmentation of the SST domain in the space of regressors and derives the segmentation parameter from the statistics of regressors within the global dataset of matchups. For each segment, local regression coefficients and standard deviations (SDs) of BSST minus in situ SST are calculated from the corresponding subset of matchups. The local regression coefficients are used to generate an auxiliary product—piecewise regression (PWR) SST—and SSES biases are estimated as differences between BSST and PWR SST. Correction of SSES biases, which transforms BSST back into PWR SST, reduces the effects of residual cloud; variations in view zenith angle; and, during the daytime, diurnal surface warming. This results in significant reduction in the global SD of fitting in situ SST, making it comparable with SD for the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) L4 SST. Unlike the foundation CMC SST (which is consistent with in situ SST at night but biased cold during the daytime), the PWR SST is consistent with in situ data during both day and night and thus may be viewed as an estimate of “depth” in situ SST. The PWR SST is expected to be a useful input into L4 SST analyses, especially for foundation SST products, such as the CMC L4.
Using Reforecasts to Improve Forecasting of Fog and Visibility for Aviation*
Authors: Herman Gregory R. , Schumacher Russ S. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Fifteen years of forecasts from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Second-Generation Global Medium-Range Ensemble Reforecast (GEFS/R) dataset were used to develop a statistical model that generates probabilistic predictions of cloud ceiling and visibility. Four major airports—Seattle–Tacoma International Airport (KSEA), San Francisco International Airport (KSFO), Denver International Airport (KDEN), and George Bush Intercontinental Airport (KIAH) in Houston, Texas—were selected for model training and analysis. Numerous statistical model configurations, including the use of several different machine learning algorithms, input predictors, and internal parameters, were explored and verified through cross validation to develop skillful forecasts at each station. The final model was then compared with both probabilistic climatology-based forecasts and deterministic operational guidance. Results indicated significantly enhanced skill within both deterministic and probabilistic frameworks from the model trained in this study relative to both operational guidance and climatology at all stations. Probabilistic forecasts also showed substantially higher skill within the framework used than any deterministic forecast. Dewpoint depression and cloud cover forecast fields from the GEFS/R model were typically found to have the highest correspondence with observed flight rule conditions of the atmospheric fields examined. Often forecast values nearest the prediction station were not found to be the most important flight rule condition predictors, with forecast values along coastlines and immediately offshore, where applicable, often serving as superior predictors. The effect of training data length on model performance was also examined; it was determined that approximately 3 yr of training data from a dynamical model were required for the statistical model to robustly capture the relationships between model variables and observed flight rule conditions (FRCs).
Forecasting Tornadoes Using Convection-Permitting Ensembles
Authors: Gallo Burkely T. , Clark Adam J. , Dembek Scott R. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Hourly maximum fields of simulated storm diagnostics from experimental versions of convection-permitting models (CPMs) provide valuable information regarding severe weather potential. While past studies have focused on predicting any type of severe weather, this study uses a CPM-based Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model ensemble initialized daily at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) to derive tornado probabilities using a combination of simulated storm diagnostics and environmental parameters. Daily probabilistic tornado forecasts are developed from the NSSL-WRF ensemble using updraft helicity (UH) as a tornado proxy. The UH fields are combined with simulated environmental fields such as lifted condensation level (LCL) height, most unstable and surface-based CAPE (MUCAPE and SBCAPE, respectively), and multifield severe weather parameters such as the significant tornado parameter (STP). Varying thresholds of 2–5-km updraft helicity were tested with differing values of σ in the Gaussian smoother that was used to derive forecast probabilities, as well as different environmental information, with the aim of maximizing both forecast skill and reliability. The addition of environmental information improved the reliability and the critical success index (CSI) while slightly degrading the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve across all UH thresholds and σ values. The probabilities accurately reflected the location of tornado reports, and three case studies demonstrate value to forecasters. Based on initial tests, four sets of tornado probabilities were chosen for evaluation by participants in the 2015 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment from 4 May to 5 June 2015. Participants found the probabilities useful and noted an overforecasting tendency.
Low Transmission of Airway Pressures to the Abdomen in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With or Without Acute Respiratory Failure and Intra-Abdominal Hypertension
Authors: Heijnen Bram G.A.D.H. , Spoelstra-de Man Angelique M.E. , Groeneveld A.B. Johan 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: Intra-abdominal pressure, measured at end expiration, may depend on ventilator settings and transmission of intrathoracic pressure. We determined the transmission of positive intrathoracic pressure during mechanical ventilation at inspiration and expiration into the abdominal compartment. Methods and Results: We included 9 patients after uncomplicated cardiac surgery and 9 with acute respiratory failure. Intravesical pressures were measured thrice (reproducibility of 1.8%) and averaged, at the end of each inspiratory and expiratory hold maneuvers of 5 seconds. Transmission, the change in intra-abdominal over intrathoracic pressures from end inspiration to end expiration, was about 8%. End-expiratory intra-abdominal pressure was lower than “total” intra-abdominal pressure over the entire respiratory cycle by 0.34 cm H2O. It was 0.73 cm H2O higher than “true” intra-abdominal pressure over the entire respiratory cycle, taking transmission into account. The percentage error was 3% for total and 10% for true pressure. Results did not differ among patients with or without acute respiratory failure and decreased respiratory compliance or between those with (≥12 mm Hg, n = 5) or without intra-abdominal hypertension. Conclusions: Transmitted airway pressure only slightly affects intra-abdominal pressure in mechanically ventilated patients, irrespective of respiratory compliance and baseline intra-abdominal pressure values. End-expiratory measurements referenced against atmospheric pressure may suffice for clinical practice.
Early tracheostomy in ventilated stroke patients: Study protocol of the international multicentre randomized trial SETPOINT2 (Stroke-related Early Tracheostomy vs. Prolonged Orotracheal Intubation in Neurocritical care Trial 2)
Authors: Schönenberger Silvia , Niesen Wolf-Dirk , Fuhrer Hannah , Bauza Colleen , Klose Christina , Kieser Meinhard , Suarez José I , Seder David B , Bösel Julian ,   on behalf of the SETPOINT2-study group and the IGNITE-study group
Published: January 2016

Background Tracheostomy is a common procedure in long-term ventilated critical care patients and frequently necessary in those with severe stroke. The optimal timing for tracheostomy is still unknown, and it is controversial whether early tracheostomy impacts upon functional outcome. Method The Stroke-related Early Tracheostomy vs. Prolonged Orotracheal Intubation in Neurocritical care Trial 2 (SETPOINT2) is a multicentre, prospective, randomized, open-blinded endpoint (PROBE-design) trial. Patients with acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage who are so severely affected that two weeks of ventilation are presumed necessary based on a prediction score are eligible. It is intended to enroll 190 patients per group (n = 380). Patients are randomized to either percutaneous tracheostomy within the first five days after intubation or to ongoing orotracheal intubation with consecutive weaning and extubation and, if the latter failed, to percutaneous tracheostomy from day 10 after intubation. The primary endpoint is functional outcome defined by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS, 0–4 (favorable) vs. 5 + 6 (unfavorable)) after six months; secondary endpoints are mortality and cause of mortality during intensive care unit-stay and within six months from admission, intensive care unit-length of stay, duration of sedation, duration of ventilation and weaning, timing and reasons for withdrawal of life support measures, relevant intracranial pressure rises before and after tracheostomy. Conclusion The necessity and optimal timing of tracheostomy in ventilated stroke patients need to be identified. SETPOINT2 should clarify whether benefits in functional outcome can be achieved by early tracheostomy in these patients.
Protocol for the comparison of triflusal and clopidogrel in secondary prevention of stroke based on cytochrome P450 2C19 genotyping (MASETRO study): A multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial
Authors: Han Sang Won , Kim Yong-Jae , Ahn Seong Hwan , Seo Woo-Keun , Yu Sungwook , Oh Seung-Hun , Kim Youn Nam , Lee Kyung-Yul ,   on behalf of the MAESTRO Study Investigators
Published: January 2016

Rationale and aim The antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel is reportedly influenced by cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) polymorphisms. However, there is no data concerning the relationship between stroke recurrence and CYP2C19 polymorphisms in patients treated with clopidogrel for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. Triflusal may be an alternative therapy for clopidogrel in patients with poor genotype. The Comparison of Triflusal and Clopidogrel Effects in Secondary Prevention of Stroke Based on Cytochrome P450 2C19 Genotyping (MAESTRO) study will investigate the effect of antiplatelet agents based on CYP2C19 polymorphisms in secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. Sample size and design Assuming that 55% of patients belong to the poor genotype group, the required sample size is 1080 patients with at least 24 months of follow-up. This study is designed as a prospective, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, open-label, and blind genotype trial. Patients who experience their first non-cardiogenic ischemic stroke within 30 days prior to screening are eligible. Patients received 300 mg triflusal twice a day or 75 mg clopidogrel once daily during the trial. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01174693). Study outcome The primary outcome is recurrent ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke. Secondary outcomes consist of composite major vascular events including stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, or vascular death. Discussion Personalized medicine may be essential for patients according to individual drug metabolism abilities. MAESTRO is the first prospective study designed to evaluate the effect of CYP2C19 polymorphism in secondary stroke prevention and will resolve several questions regarding preventive antiplatelet agents for recurrent stroke.
Beauty parlor stroke revisited: An 11-year single-center consecutive series
Authors: Correia Pamela N , Meyer Ivo A , Eskandari Ashraf , Michel Patrik 
Published: January 2016

Background Hairdresser-related ischemic cerebrovascular events (HICE) are attributed to compression of vertebral arteries or cervical artery dissections. We determined their frequency, mechanisms, localization and outcome in a pre-specified study. Methods We prospectively collected ischemic strokes and transient ischemic attacks occurring in relation to a hairdresser visit from 2002 to 2013, using consecutive data from an ischemic stroke registry (ASTRAL). HICE were compared to all other acute ischemic strokes in ASTRAL. Results We identified 10 HICE (9 strokes and 1 transient ischemic attack). Age and anterior-posterior distribution were similar with a significantly higher rate of females (90% vs. 43%, p = 0.02) in the HICE group compared to ASTRAL. Patients with HICE had significantly lower incidence of hyperlipidemia (30% vs. 73%) and diabetes (0% vs. 19%). The mechanisms of HICE were diverse: carotid artery dissection ( n = 2), cardiac ( n = 2), lacunar ( n = 2), other determined ( n = 2) and unknown etiology ( n = 2). Two HICE with atherosclerotic intracranial disease were possibly caused by acute hemodynamic changes related to systemic hypotension during hot air hair drying. Unadjusted favorable outcome at three months seemed to be better in HICE (90% vs. 57%), and 12-month mortality and recurrences were similar. Conclusions HICE may occur frequently in females without a predilection for the posterior circulation. Although some HICE may occur by chance (pseudo-HICE), hairdresser visits may have a causal role in some cases, including cervical artery dissection or hemodynamic compromise related to pre-existing arterial disease (true HICE). Available data are insufficient for specific preventive recommendations.
Activin B Induces Noncanonical SMAD1/5/8 Signaling via BMP Type I Receptors in Hepatocytes: Evidence for a Role in Hepcidin Induction by Inflammation in Male Mice
Authors: Canali Susanna , Core Amanda B. , Zumbrennen-Bullough Kimberly B. , Merkulova Maria , Wang Chia-Yu , Schneyer Alan L. , Pietrangelo Antonello , Babitt Jodie L. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Induction of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin contributes to the anemia of inflammation. Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) signaling is a central regulator of hepcidin expression in the liver. Recently, the TGF-β/BMP superfamily member activin B was implicated in hepcidin induction by inflammation via noncanonical SMAD1/5/8 signaling, but its mechanism of action and functional significance in vivo remain uncertain. Here, we show that low concentrations of activin B, but not activin A, stimulate prolonged SMAD1/5/8 signaling and hepcidin expression in liver cells to a similar degree as canonical SMAD2/3 signaling, and with similar or modestly reduced potency compared with BMP6. Activin B stimulates hepcidin via classical activin type II receptors ACVR2A and ACVR2B, noncanonical BMP type I receptors activin receptor-like kinase 2 and activin receptor-like kinase 3, and SMAD5. The coreceptor hemojuvelin binds to activin B and facilitates activin B-SMAD1/5/8 signaling. Activin B-SMAD1/5/8 signaling has some selectivity for hepatocyte-derived cells and is not enabled by hemojuvelin in other cell types. Liver activin B mRNA expression is up-regulated in multiple mouse models of inflammation associated with increased hepcidin and hypoferremia, including lipopolysaccharide, turpentine, and heat-killed Brucella abortus models. Finally, the activin inhibitor follistatin-315 blunts hepcidin induction by lipopolysaccharide or B. abortus in mice. Our data elucidate a novel mechanism for noncanonical SMAD activation and support a likely functional role for activin B in hepcidin stimulation during inflammation in vivo.
Behavioural effects of juvenile hormone and their influence on division of labour in leaf-cutting ant societies
Authors: Norman Victoria C. , Hughes William O. H. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTDivision of labour in social insects represents a major evolutionary transition, but the physiological mechanisms that regulate this are still little understood. Experimental work with honey bees, and correlational analyses in other social insects, have implicated juvenile hormone (JH) as a regulatory factor, but direct experimental evidence of behavioural effects of JH in social insects is generally lacking. Here, we used experimental manipulation of JH to show that raised JH levels in leaf-cutting ants results in workers becoming more active, phototactic and threat responsive, and engaging in more extranidal activity – behavioural changes that we show are all characteristic of the transition from intranidal work to foraging. These behavioural effects on division of labour suggest that the JH mediation of behaviour occurs across multiple independent evolutions of eusociality, and may be a key endocrine regulator of the division of labour which has produced the remarkable ecological and evolutionary success of social insects.