bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of fibre additions to flatbread flour mixes for reducing post-meal glucose and insulin responses in healthy Indian subjects
Authors: Boers Hanny M. , MacAulay Katrina , Murray Peter , Dobriyal Rajendra , Mela David J. , Spreeuwenberg Maria A. M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, including in developing countries, particularly in South Asia. Intakes of foods generating a high postprandial glucose (PPG) response have been positively associated with T2DM. As part of efforts to identify effective and feasible strategies to reduce the glycaemic impact of carbohydrate-rich staples, we previously found that addition of guar gum (GG) and chickpea flour (CPF) to wheat flour could significantly reduce the PPG response to flatbread products. On the basis of the results of an exploratory study with Caucasian subjects, we have now tested the effect of additions of specific combinations of CPF with low doses of GG to a flatbread flour mix for their impacts on PPG and postprandial insulin (PPI) responses in a South-Asian population. In a randomised, placebo-controlled full-cross-over design, fifty-six healthy Indian adults consumed flatbreads made with a commercial flatbread mix (100 % wheat flour) with no further additions (control) or incorporating 15 % CPF in combination with 2, 3 or 4 % GG. The flatbreads with CPF and 3 or 4 % GG significantly reduced PPG (both ≥15 % reduction in positive incremental AUC, P<0·01) and PPI (both ≥28 % reduction in total AUC, P<0·0001) compared with flatbreads made from control flour. These results confirm the efficacy and feasibility of the addition of CPF with GG to flatbread flour mixes to achieve significant reductions in both PPG and PPI in Indian subjects.
A Tonian age for the Visingsö Group in Sweden constrained by detrital zircon dating and biochronology: implications for evolutionary events
Authors: MOCZYDŁOWSKA MAŁGORZATA , PEASE VICTORIA , WILLMAN SEBASTIAN , WICKSTRÖM LINDA , AGIĆ HEDA 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDetrital zircon U–Pb ages from samples of the Neoproterozoic Visingsö Group, Sweden, yield a maximum depositional age of ≤ 886±9 Ma (2σ). A minimum depositional age is established biochronologically using organic-walled and vase-shaped microfossils present in the upper formation of the Visingsö Group; the upper formation correlates with the Kwagunt Formation of the 780–740 Ma Chuar Group in Arizona, USA, and the lower Mount Harper Group, Yukon, Canada, that is older than 740 Ma. Mineralized scale microfossils of the type recorded from the upper Fifteenmile Group, Yukon, Canada, where they occur in a narrow stratigraphic range and are younger than 788 Ma, are recognized for the first time outside Laurentia. The mineralized scale microfossils in the upper formation of the Visingsö Group seem to have a wider stratigraphic range, and are older thanc. 740 Ma. The inferred age range of mineralized scale microfossils is 788–740 Ma. This time interval coincides with the vase-shaped microfossil range because both microfossil groups co-occur. The combined isotopic and biochronologic ages constrain the Visingsö Group to between ≤ 886 and 740 Ma, thus Tonian in age. This is the first robust age determination for the Visingsö Group, which preserves a rich microfossil assemblage of worldwide distribution. The organic and mineralized microorganisms preserved in the Visingsö Group and coeval successions elsewhere document global evolutionary events of auto- and heterotrophic protist radiations that are crucial to the reconstruction of eukaryotic phylogeny based on the fossil record and are useful for the Neoproterozoic chronostratigraphic subdivision.
A New Relief-Patterned Flue-Tile Design from Roman Silchester (Calleva Atrebatum)
Authors: Wilson Sara L. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA relief-patterned flue-tile recovered during the excavations of the forum-basilica at the Roman town of Calleva Atrebatum (Silchester) features a previously unpublished roller-stamped design. The tile is described in terms of its fabric and design and compared to the other roller-stamped examples from Silchester.
Survival and reintegration of rehabilitated Carnaby’s Cockatoos Zanda latirostris into wild flocks
Authors: GROOM CHRISTINE J. , WARREN KRISTIN , MAWSON PETER R. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryRelease into the wild is the preferred outcome for rehabilitated animals, but often little is known about what happens to individuals following their release. Increased knowledge of post-release survival and reintegration into the wild could improve release and rehabilitation strategies. To assess the survival and reintegration of rehabilitated Endangered Carnaby’s Cockatoos Zanda latirostris into wild flocks we studied the movements and behaviour of 23 birds fitted with satellite tracking devices. We assessed longer term survival by collating records of leg-banded birds over eight years. Rehabilitated birds had an estimated annual survival rate of 0.73. The band recovery rate for all rehabilitated Carnaby’s Cockatoos banded between 2005 and 2013 was not significantly different to those fitted with tracking devices (10.3% versus 13.0% respectively, P = 1). Physical, social and behavioural indicators of fitness were used to assess the success of the reintegration of rehabilitated birds. Released birds flew, roosted and foraged with wild birds. Whilst pair bond formation and breeding of study birds could not be confirmed during this study, behaviours associated with pair bonding were observed, including allo-preening and male courtship displays. The rehabilitation process and pre-release procedure for identifying individuals ready for release was effective at selecting suitable release candidates.
Cor triatriatum sinister with an intact interatrial septum and a decompressing vein in a toddler
Authors: Binsalamah Ziyad M. , De León Luis E. , Heinle Jeffrey S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCor triatriatum sinister is a very rare cardiac anomaly that may lead to pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular dilation, and eventually right heart failure. We report a case of a toddler who presented with respiratory distress and cardiomegaly and was found to have cor triatriatum sinister with a restrictive communication, decompressing vertical vein, pulmonary hypertension, severe tricuspid regurgitation, and severe right ventricular dysfunction. She underwent a successful surgical repair, with normalisation of right ventricular function and pulmonary artery pressure.
Quality of life of Malaysian children with CHD
Authors: Ong Lai C. , Teh Ching S. , Darshinee Joyce , Omar Asma , Ang Hak L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to compare the quality-of-life scores of Malaysian children with CHD and their healthy siblings, to determine the level of agreement between proxy-reports and child self-reports, and to examine variables that have an impact on quality of life in those with CHD.MethodsParental-proxy scores of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 core scales were obtained for 179 children with CHD and 172 siblings. Intra-class coefficients were derived to determine the levels of proxy–child agreement in 66 children aged 8–18 years. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine factors that impacted Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory scores.ResultsProxy scores were lower in children with CHD than siblings for all scales except physical health. Maximum differences were noted in children aged 5–7 years, whereas there were no significant differences in the 2–4 and 13–18 years age groups. Good levels of proxy–child agreement were found in children aged 8–12 years for total, psychosocial health, social, and school functioning scales (correlation coefficients 0.7–0.8). In children aged 13–18 years, the level of agreement was poor to fair for emotional and social functioning. The need for future surgery and severity of symptoms were associated with lower scores.ConclusionDifferences in proxy perception of quality of life appear to be age related. The level of proxy–child agreement was higher compared with other reported studies, with lower levels of agreement in teenagers. Facilitating access to surgery and optimising control of symptoms may improve quality of life in this group of children.
Topographic enhancement of vertical turbulent mixing in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Mashayek A. , Ferrari R. , Merrifield S. , Ledwell J. R. , St Laurent L. , Garabato A. Naveira 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIt is an open question whether turbulent mixing across density surfaces is sufficiently large to play a dominant role in closing the deep branch of the ocean meridional overturning circulation. The diapycnal and isopycnal mixing experiment in the Southern Ocean found the turbulent diffusivity inferred from the vertical spreading of a tracer to be an order of magnitude larger than that inferred from the microstructure profiles at the mean tracer depth of 1,500 m in the Drake Passage. Using a high-resolution ocean model, it is shown that the fast vertical spreading of tracer occurs when it comes in contact with mixing hotspots over rough topography. The sparsity of such hotspots is made up for by enhanced tracer residence time in their vicinity due to diffusion toward weak bottom flows. The increased tracer residence time may explain the large vertical fluxes of heat and salt required to close the abyssal circulation.
A microRNA-initiated DNAzyme motor operating in living cells
Authors: Peng Hanyong , Li Xing-Fang , Zhang Hongquan , Le X. Chris 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSynthetic DNA motors have great potential to mimic natural protein motors in cells but the operation of synthetic DNA motors in living cells remains challenging and has not been demonstrated. Here we report a DNAzyme motor that operates in living cells in response to a specific intracellular target. The whole motor system is constructed on a 20 nm gold nanoparticle (AuNP) decorated with hundreds of substrate strands serving as DNA tracks and dozens of DNAzyme molecules each silenced by a locking strand. Intracellular interaction of a target molecule with the motor system initiates the autonomous walking of the motor on the AuNP. An example DNAzyme motor responsive to a specific microRNA enables amplified detection of the specific microRNA in individual cancer cells. Activated by specific intracellular targets, these self-powered DNAzyme motors will have diverse applications in the control and modulation of biological functions.
Liquid-state carbon-13 hyperpolarization generated in an MRI system for fast imaging
Authors: Schmidt A. B. , Berner S. , Schimpf W. , Müller C. , Lickert T. , Schwaderlapp N. , Knecht S. , Skinner J. G. , Dost A. , Rovedo P. , Hennig J. , von Elverfeldt D. , Hövener J. -B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHyperpolarized (HP) tracers dramatically increase the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor metabolism non-invasively and in vivo. Their production, however, requires an extra polarizing device (polarizer) whose complexity, operation and cost can exceed that of an MRI system itself. Furthermore, the lifetime of HP tracers is short and some of the enhancement is lost during transfer to the application site. Here, we present the production of HP tracers in water without an external polarizer: by Synthesis Amid the Magnet Bore, A Dramatically Enhanced Nuclear Alignment (SAMBADENA) is achieved within seconds, corresponding to a hyperpolarization of ∼20%. As transfer of the tracer is no longer required, SAMBADENA may permit a higher polarization at the time of detection at a fraction of the cost and complexity of external polarizers. This development is particularly promising in light of the recently extended portfolio of biomedically relevant para-hydrogen-tracers and may lead to new diagnostic applications.
Genomic characterisation of Eμ-Myc mouse lymphomas identifies Bcor as a Myc co-operative tumour-suppressor gene
Authors: Lefebure Marcus , Tothill Richard W. , Kruse Elizabeth , Hawkins Edwin D. , Shortt Jake , Matthews Geoffrey M. , Gregory Gareth P. , Martin Benjamin P. , Kelly Madison J. , Todorovski Izabela , Doyle Maria A. , Lupat Richard , Li Jason , Schroeder Jan , Wall Meaghan , Craig Stuart , Poortinga Gretchen , Cameron Don , Bywater Megan , Kats Lev , Gearhart Micah D. , Bardwell Vivian J. , Dickins Ross A. , Hannan Ross D. , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Johnstone Ricky W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Eμ-Myc mouse is an extensively used model of MYC driven malignancy; however to date there has only been partial characterization of MYC co-operative mutations leading to spontaneous lymphomagenesis. Here we sequence spontaneously arising Eμ-Myc lymphomas to define transgene architecture, somatic mutations, and structural alterations. We identify frequent disruptive mutations in the PRC1-like component and BCL6-corepressor gene Bcor. Moreover, we find unexpected concomitant multigenic lesions involving Cdkn2a loss and other cancer genes including Nras, Kras and Bcor. These findings challenge the assumed two-hit model of Eμ-Myc lymphoma and demonstrate a functional in vivo role for Bcor in suppressing tumorigenesis.
Motor neurons control blood vessel patterning in the developing spinal cord
Authors: Himmels Patricia , Paredes Isidora , Adler Heike , Karakatsani Andromachi , Luck Robert , Marti Hugo H. , Ermakova Olga , Rempel Eugen , Stoeckli Esther T. , Ruiz de Almodóvar Carmen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFormation of a precise vascular network within the central nervous system is of critical importance to assure delivery of oxygen and nutrients and for accurate functionality of neuronal networks. Vascularization of the spinal cord is a highly stereotypical process. However, the guidance cues controlling blood vessel patterning in this organ remain largely unknown. Here we describe a new neuro-vascular communication mechanism that controls vessel guidance in the developing spinal cord. We show that motor neuron columns remain avascular during a developmental time window, despite expressing high levels of the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We describe that motor neurons express the VEGF trapping receptor sFlt1 via a Neuropilin-1-dependent mechanism. Using a VEGF gain-of-function approach in mice and a motor neuron-specific sFlt1 loss-of-function approach in chicken, we show that motor neurons control blood vessel patterning by an autocrine mechanism that titrates motor neuron-derived VEGF via their own expression of sFlt1.
Management of E. coli sister chromatid cohesion in response to genotoxic stress
Authors: Vickridge Elise , Planchenault Charlene , Cockram Charlotte , Junceda Isabel Garcia , Espéli Olivier 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAberrant DNA replication is a major source of the mutations and chromosomal rearrangements associated with pathological disorders. In bacteria, several different DNA lesions are repaired by homologous recombination, a process that involves sister chromatid pairing. Previous work in Escherichia coli has demonstrated that sister chromatid interactions (SCIs) mediated by topological links termed precatenanes, are controlled by topoisomerase IV. In the present work, we demonstrate that during the repair of mitomycin C-induced lesions, topological links are rapidly substituted by an SOS-induced sister chromatid cohesion process involving the RecN protein. The loss of SCIs and viability defects observed in the absence of RecN were compensated by alterations in topoisomerase IV, suggesting that the main role of RecN during DNA repair is to promote contacts between sister chromatids. RecN also modulates whole chromosome organization and RecA dynamics suggesting that SCIs significantly contribute to the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs).
A class of liquid anode for rechargeable batteries with ultralong cycle life
Authors: Yu Juezhi , Hu Yong-Sheng , Pan Feng , Zhang Zhizhen , Wang Qing , Li Hong , Huang Xuejie , Chen Liquan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLow cost, highly efficient and safe devices for energy storage have long been desired in our society. Among these devices, electrochemical batteries with alkali metal anodes have attracted worldwide attention. However, the practical application of such systems is limited by dendrite formation and low cycling efficiency of alkali metals. Here we report a class of liquid anodes fabricated by dissolving sodium metal into a mixed solution of biphenyl and ethers. Such liquid anodes are highly safe and have a low redox potential of 0.09 V versus sodium, exhibiting a high conductivity of 1.2 × 10−2 S cm−1. When coupled with polysulfides dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide as the cathode, a battery is demonstrated to sustain over 3,500 cycles without measureable capacity loss at room temperature. This work provides a base for exploring a family of liquid anodes for rechargeable batteries that potentially meet the requirements for grid-scale electrical energy storage.
Control of randomly scattered surface plasmon polaritons for multiple-input and multiple-output plasmonic switching devices
Authors: Choi Wonjun , Jo Yonghyeon , Ahn Joonmo , Seo Eunsung , Park Q-Han , Jhon Young Min , Choi Wonshik 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMerging multiple microprocessors with high-speed optical networks has been considered a promising strategy for the improvement of overall computation power. However, the loss of the optical communication bandwidth is inevitable when interfacing between optical and electronic components. Here we present an on-chip plasmonic switching device consisting of a two-dimensional (2D) disordered array of nanoholes on a thin metal film that can provide multiple-input and multiple-output channels for transferring information from a photonic to an electronic platform. In this device, the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) generated at individual nanoholes become uncorrelated on their way to the detection channel due to random multiple scattering. We exploit this decorrelation effect to use individual nanoholes as independent antennas, and demonstrated that more than 40 far-field incident channels can be delivered simultaneously to the SPP channels, an order of magnitude improvement over conventional 2D patterned devices.
Regulation of phagocyte triglyceride by a STAT-ATG2 pathway controls mycobacterial infection
Authors: Péan Claire B. , Schiebler Mark , Tan Sharon W. S. , Sharrock Jessica A. , Kierdorf Katrin , Brown Karen P. , Maserumule M. Charlotte , Menezes Shinelle , Pilátová Martina , Bronda Kévin , Guermonprez Pierre , Stramer Brian M. , Andres Floto R. , Dionne Marc S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis remains a global threat to human health, yet the molecular mechanisms regulating immunity remain poorly understood. Cytokines can promote or inhibit mycobacterial survival inside macrophages and the underlying mechanisms represent potential targets for host-directed therapies. Here we show that cytokine-STAT signalling promotes mycobacterial survival within macrophages by deregulating lipid droplets via ATG2 repression. In Drosophila infected with Mycobacterium marinum, mycobacterium-induced STAT activity triggered by unpaired-family cytokines reduces Atg2 expression, permitting deregulation of lipid droplets. Increased Atg2 expression or reduced macrophage triglyceride biosynthesis, normalizes lipid deposition in infected phagocytes and reduces numbers of viable intracellular mycobacteria. In human macrophages, addition of IL-6 promotes mycobacterial survival and BCG-induced lipid accumulation by a similar, but probably not identical, mechanism. Our results reveal Atg2 regulation as a mechanism by which cytokines can control lipid droplet homeostasis and consequently resistance to mycobacterial infection in Drosophila.
Community-Associated Staphylococcus aureus from Sub-Saharan Africa and Germany: A Cross-Sectional Geographic Correlation Study
Authors: Ruffing Ulla , Alabi Abraham , Kazimoto Theckla , Vubil Delfino C. , Akulenko Ruslan , Abdulla Salim , Alonso Pedro , Bischoff Markus , Germann Anja , Grobusch Martin P. , Helms Volkhard , Hoffmann Jonas , Kern Winfried V. , Kremsner Peter G. , Mandomando Inacio , Mellmann Alexander , Peters Georg , Schaumburg Frieder , Schubert Sabine , Strauß Lena , Tanner Marcel , Briesen Hagen von , Wende Laura , Müller Lutz von , Herrmann Mathias 
Published: March 2017

AbstractClonal clusters and gene repertoires of Staphylococcus aureus are essential to understand disease and are well characterized in industrialized countries but poorly analysed in developing regions. The objective of this study was to compare the molecular-epidemiologic profiles of S. aureus isolates from Sub-Saharan Africa and Germany. S. aureus isolates from 600 staphylococcal carriers and 600 patients with community-associated staphylococcal disease were characterized by DNA hybridization, clonal complex (CC) attribution, and principal component (PCA)-based gene repertoire analysis. 73% of all CCs identified representing 77% of the isolates contained in these CCs were predominant in either African or German region. Significant differences between African versus German isolates were found for alleles encoding the accessory gene regulator type, enterotoxins, the Panton-Valentine leukocidin, immune evasion gene cluster, and adhesins. PCA in conjunction with silhouette analysis distinguished nine separable PCA clusters, with five clusters primarily comprising of African and two clusters of German isolates. Significant differences between S. aureus lineages in Africa and Germany may be a clue to explain the apparent difference in disease between tropical/(so-called) developing and temperate/industrialized regions. In low-resource countries further clinical-epidemiologic research is warranted not only for neglected tropical diseases but also for major bacterial infections.
Oscillations and accelerations of ice crystal growth rates in microgravity in presence of antifreeze glycoprotein impurity in supercooled water
Authors: Furukawa Yoshinori , Nagashima Ken , Nakatsubo Shun-ichi , Yoshizaki Izumi , Tamaru Haruka , Shimaoka Taro , Sone Takehiko , Yokoyama Etsuro , Zepeda Salvador , Terasawa Takanori , Asakawa Harutoshi , Murata Ken-ichiro , Sazaki Gen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe free growth of ice crystals in supercooled bulk water containing an impurity of glycoprotein, a bio-macromolecule that functions as ‘antifreeze’ in living organisms in a subzero environment, was observed under microgravity conditions on the International Space Station. We observed the acceleration and oscillation of the normal growth rates as a result of the interfacial adsorption of these protein molecules, which is a newly discovered impurity effect for crystal growth. As the convection caused by gravity may mitigate or modify this effect, secure observations of this effect were first made possible by continuous measurements of normal growth rates under long-term microgravity condition realized only in the spacecraft. Our findings will lead to a better understanding of a novel kinetic process for growth oscillation in relation to growth promotion due to the adsorption of protein molecules and will shed light on the role that crystal growth kinetics has in the onset of the mysterious antifreeze effect in living organisms, namely, how this protein may prevent fish freezing.