bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal distribution and risk factors for patient and diagnostic delays among groups with tuberculous pleurisy: an analysis of 5-year surveillance data in eastern China
Authors: Li Yang , Luo Dan , Zheng Yi , Liu Kui , Chen Songhua , Zhang Yu , Wang Wei , Wu Qian , Ling Yuxiao , Zhou Yiqing , Chen Bin , Jiang Jianmin 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo understand and analyze the factors relating to patient and diagnostic delays among groups with tuberculous pleurisy (TP), and its spatiotemporal distribution in Zhejiang Province.MethodsData of all tuberculous pleurisy patients were collected from the existing Tuberculosis Information Management System. A time interval of &gt; 2 weeks between first symptom onset and visit to the designated hospital was considered a patient delay, and a time interval of &gt; 2 weeks between the first visit and a confirmed TP diagnosis was considered a diagnostic delay. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore factors influencing patient and diagnostic delays in patients with TP. Spatial autocorrelation and spatiotemporal scan analyses were used to identify hot spots and risk clusters, respectively.ResultsIn total, 10,044 patients with TP were included. The median time and interquartile range for patients seeking medical care and diagnosis were 15 (7–30) and 1 (0–8) days, respectively. The results showed that people aged &gt; 65 years, retirees, and residents of Jinhua, Lishui, and Quzhou were positively correlated with patient delay, whereas retreatment patients, houseworkers, unemployed people, and residents of Zhoushan or Ningbo were positively correlated with diagnostic delay. Additionally, high-risk clusters of patient delays were observed in the midwestern Zhejiang Province. The most likely clusters of TP diagnostic delays were found in southeast Zhejiang Province.ConclusionIn summary, patient delay of TP in Zhejiang province was shorter than for pulmonary tuberculosis in China, while the diagnostic delay had no difference. Age, city, occupation, and treatment history were related to both patient and diagnostic delays in TP. Interventions in central and western regions of Zhejiang Province should be initiated to improve the early detection of TP. Additionally, the allocation of health resources and accessibility of health services should be improved in the central and eastern regions of Zhejiang Province.
Large language model triaging of simulated nephrology patient inbox messages
Authors: Pham Justin H. , Thongprayoon Charat , Miao Jing , Suppadungsuk Supawadee , Koirala Priscilla , Craici Iasmina M. , Cheungpasitporn Wisit 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundEfficient triage of patient communications is crucial for timely medical attention and improved care. This study evaluates ChatGPT’s accuracy in categorizing nephrology patient inbox messages, assessing its potential in outpatient settings.MethodsOne hundred and fifty simulated patient inbox messages were created based on cases typically encountered in everyday practice at a nephrology outpatient clinic. These messages were triaged as non-urgent, urgent, and emergent by two nephrologists. The messages were then submitted to ChatGPT-4 for independent triage into the same categories. The inquiry process was performed twice with a two-week period in between. ChatGPT responses were graded as correct (agreement with physicians), overestimation (higher priority), or underestimation (lower priority).ResultsIn the first trial, ChatGPT correctly triaged 140 (93%) messages, overestimated the priority of 4 messages (3%), and underestimated the priority of 6 messages (4%). In the second trial, it correctly triaged 140 (93%) messages, overestimated the priority of 9 (6%), and underestimated the priority of 1 (1%). The accuracy did not depend on the urgency level of the message (p = 0.19). The internal agreement of ChatGPT responses was 92% with an intra-rater Kappa score of 0.88.ConclusionChatGPT-4 demonstrated high accuracy in triaging nephrology patient messages, highlighting the potential for AI-driven triage systems to enhance operational efficiency and improve patient care in outpatient clinics.
Impact of implicit vs. explicit Instructions on tactical performance in under-20 soccer players
Authors: Abreu Cristóvão de Oliveira , Aburachid Layla Maria Campos , Lima Igor Mendes , Moura Felipe A. , Bedo Bruno L. S. , Ribas Schelyne , Praça Gibson Moreira 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThis study aimed to verify whether implicit and explicit informational constraints generate differences in tactical performance and behavior in U-20 national-level soccer players.MethodsThirty-two under-20 male athletes from two clubs participated. Four 4-a-side small-sided games (SSG) protocols were used: R1 - explicit rule for high-press marking, R2 - implicit rule for high-press marking, R3 - game with both previous rules simultaneous and FR - free game, without additional rules. SSGs comprised 4 vs. 4+ goalkeepers games on a 42 m × 29 m field. Position data from 10 Hz Global Positioning System (GPS) devices were used to evaluate individual and collective tactical behavior (spatial occupation metrics) and performance (interpersonal coordination). MANOVA was used for normally distributed variables, and Friedman's with Dunn or Bonferroni post hoc was used for variables without normal distribution. For SEI, an ANOVA was used with Bonferroni post hoc.ResultsThe R1 protocol showed higher SEI, length, width, and LpWratio than the FR protocol (p = 0.009). There was an effect of the different protocols in SEI values (p &lt; 0.001). Under the explicit rule, players also showed the highest in-phase interpersonal coordination values (p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionProviding players with explicit tactical instructions improves tactical performance acutely for high-pressing defensive actions.
Canine mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through miR-146a-regulated macrophage polarization
Authors: Liu HaiFeng , Deng Hongchuan , Huang Haocheng , Cao Jiahui , Wang Xinmiao , Zhou Ziyao , Zhong Zhijun , Chen Dechun , Peng Guangneng 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThe most common factor leading to renal failure or death is renal IR (ischemia-reperfusion). Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes have potential therapeutic effects for IR injury by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization and inflammation. In this study, the protective effect and anti-inflammatory mechanism of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (ADMSC-Exos) after renal IR were investigated.MethodInitially, ADMSC-Exos were intravenously injected into IR experimental beagles, and the subsequent assessment focused on inflammatory damage and macrophage phenotype. Furthermore, an in vitro inflammatory model was established by inducing DH82 cells with LPS. The impact on inflammation and macrophage phenotype was then evaluated using ADMSC and regulatory miR-146a.ResultsFollowing the administration of ADMSC-Exos in IR canines, a shift from M1 to M2 macrophage polarization was observed. Similarly, in vitro experiments demonstrated that ADMSC-Exos enhanced the transformation of LPS-induced macrophages from M1 to M2 type. Notably, the promotion of macrophage polarization by ADMSC-Exos was found to be attenuated upon the inhibition of miR-146a in ADMSC-Exos.ConclusionThese findings suggest that miR-146a plays a significant role in facilitating the transition of LPS-induced macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype. As a result, the modulation of macrophage polarization by ADMSC-Exos is achieved via the encapsulation and conveyance of miR-146a, leading to diminished infiltration of inflammatory cells in renal tissue and mitigation of the inflammatory reaction following canine renal IR.
Geometric Characterization of Validity of the Lyapunov Convexity Theorem in the Plane for Two Controls under a Pointwise State Constraint
Authors: Carlota Clara , Lopes Mário , Ornelas António 
Published: September 2024

This paper concerns control BVPs, driven by ODEs x′t=ut, using controls u0· &u1· in L1a,b,R2. We ask these two controls to satisfy a very simple restriction: at points where their first coordinates coincide, also their second coordinates must coincide; which allows one to write (u1−u0)·=v·1,f· for some f·. Given a relaxed non bang-bang solution x¯·∈W1,1a,b,R2, a question relevant to applications was first posed three decades ago by A. Cellina: does there exist a bang-bang solution x^· having lower first-coordinate x^1·≤x¯1·? Being the answer always yes in dimension d=1, hence without f·, as proved by Amar and Cellina, for d=2 the problem is to find out which functions f· “are good”, namely “allow such 1-lower bang-bang solution x^· to exist”. The aim of this paper is to characterize “goodness of f·” geometrically, under “good data”. We do it so well that a simple computational app in a smartphone allows one to easily determine whether an explicitly given f· is good. For example: non-monotonic functions tend to be good; while, on the contrary, strictly monotonic functions are never good.
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Hydroalcoholic and Phenolic Extracts from Ternstroemia dentisepala and T. lineata Leaves
Authors: Díaz Alexis Uriel Soto , Villarreal María Luisa , Santos Marcelo Victorio-De los , Cardoso-Taketa Alexandre Toshirrico 
Published: September 2024

Traditional Mexican medicine commonly uses infusions of Ternstroemia spp. to treat insomnia, injuries, and infections. The antibacterial activities of Ternstroemia dentisepala and Ternstroemia lineata were evaluated for the first time against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that have implications for human health, including Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, the scavenging potential of the hydroalcoholic (HAEs) and total phenolic extracts (TPEs) from the leaves of both plants by a 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay (ABTS•+) was determined. Also, the total phenolic contents of the HAEs using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent were assayed. T. dentisepala HAE and TPE were active against all bacterial strains tested, with a minimum inhibitory concentration between 1.0 and 6.0 mg/mL, with the last one being the most active. However, the T. lineata extracts only demonstrated effectiveness against S. typhi and P. aeruginosa. The TPEs from T. dentisepala and T. lineata improved the activity by approximately 30% in all bacteria tested in comparison with the HAEs. The T. dentisepala HAE had a higher total phenolic content than the T. lineata extract, which was consistent with its ABTS•+-scavenging activity. The two HAEs had different chemical profiles, mostly because of the types and amounts of phenolic compounds they contained. These profiles were obtained using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) experiments.
Lobelia Lakes’ Vegetation and Its Photosynthesis Pathways Concerning Water Parameters and the Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition of Plants’ Organic Matter
Authors: Pronin Eugeniusz , Banaś Krzysztof , Chmara Rafał , Ronowski Rafał , Merdalski Marek , Santoni Anne-Lise , Mathieu Olivier 
Published: September 2024

Most of the aquatic vegetation produces organic substances via the C3 photosynthetic pathway (mosses, isoetids—Lobelia dortmanna L., Luronium natans (L.) Raf., and vascular plants) or Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM, e.g., Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch. and Isoëtes lacustris L.) or by their ability to use HCO3− via carbon concentration mechanisms (CCMs—some elodeids and charophytes). Differentiating these predominant photosynthetic pathways in aquatic vegetation based on their organic matter (OM) carbon stable isotopes (δ13CORG) is a complex task, in contrast to terrestrial plants. This study investigates the OM deposition, characterized by δ13CORG values in 10 macrophyte species with different photosynthetic pathways (C3, CAM, and CCM) collected from 14 softwater Lobelia lakes in northern Poland. The higher δ13CORG values distinguish the CCM group, indicating their use of 13C-enriched HCO3¯ in photosynthesis. CAM species show slightly higher δ13CORG values than C3, particularly in lower pH lakes. Principal component analysis of isotopic and environmental data did not yield clear distinctions by the groups, but still, they significantly differ in light of analyzed parameters and isotopic signals (PRMANOVA = 5.08, p < 0.01; K-W H = 27.01, p < 0.001). The first two PCA dimensions showed that the water pH and Ca2+ concentration positively influenced δ13C values. The influence of light conditions on δ13CORG values revealed by third PCA components seems to also be important. In summary, northern Polish Lobelia lakes serve as a key differentiation point between vegetation employing CCMs and those relying on C3/CAM photosynthesis without HCO3− utilization, providing insights into transitions in plant communities within these ecosystems.
Estimating the burden of vaccine-preventable lower respiratory tract disease in UK primary care: protocol for a prospective surveillance study (AvonCAP GP2)
Authors: Duncan Polly , Mears Ruth , Begier Elizabeth , Rouhbakhsh Halvaei Sanaz , Southern Jo , Porter Siân Bodfel , Hubler Robin , Oben Glenda , Qian George , Lahuerta Maria , Davis Tim , Campling James , Dawson Shoba , Christensen Hannah , Oliver Jennifer , Morales-Aza Begonia , Pan Kaijie , Gray Sharon , Hyams Catherine , Danon Leon , Gessner Bradford D , Finn Adam , Hay Alastair D ,   AvonCAP GP2 research group
Published: September 2024

Background
The true burden of acute lower respiratory tract disease (aLRTD; includes acute lower respiratory tract infection [aLRTI] and presumed non-infective exacerbations of chronic lung disease and heart failure) among adults presenting to primary care, and the proportion that are potentially vaccine preventable is unknown.

Aim
To describe aLRTD incidence in adults presenting to primary care; estimate proportions caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP); and investigate disease burden from patient and NHS perspectives.

Design & setting
Primary care prospective cohort study conducted in six representative general practices (total ∼86 000 registered adults) in Bristol, UK.

Method
Adults (aged ≥18 years) registered at participating general practices and presenting to primary care (in-hours or out-of-hours) or emergency department (if not admitted) with aLRTD will be eligible. They will be identified by real-time primary care record searches. Researchers will screen electronic GP records, including free text, contact patients to assess eligibility, and offer enrolment in a surveillance study and an enhanced diagnostic study (urine, saliva, and respiratory samples; physical examination; and symptom diaries). Data will be collected for all aLRTD episodes, with patients assigned to one of three arms: surveillance; embedded diagnostic; and descriptive dataset. Outcome measures will include clinical and pathogen-defined aLRTD incidence rates, symptom severity and duration, NHS contacts and costs, health-related quality-of-life changes, and mortality (≤30 days post-identification).

Conclusion
This comprehensive surveillance study of adults presenting to primary care with aLRTD, with embedded detailed data and sample collection, will provide an accurate assessment of aLRTD burden due to vaccine-preventable infections.
OPTIMIZATION OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY FOR APPLE VARIETBES OF FSC BREEDING
Authors: Исаев Р.Д. , Кружков А.В. 
Published: September 2024

В статье приводятся данные по биометрическим показателям (высота, площадь проекции объем кроны, ширина кроны в ряд и междурядье, диаметр штамба) деревьев яблони перспективных сортов селекции ФГБНУ «ФНЦ им. И.В. Мичурина» Академик Казаков, Былина, Вымпел, Мунстер, Память Нестерова в интенсивном шпалерном саду.
The paper presents the data for biometric indicators (tree heght, crown width per row and spacing, trunk diameter in trees of promising apple varieties “Akademik Kazakov”, “Bylina”, “Vympel”, “Munster”, “Pamyat Nesterova”. These were the varieties of I.V. Michurin FSCs breeding in trellis garden with high planting density after pruning as slender spindle.
SMALL AGRIBUSINESS IN HORTICULTURE: SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL ASPECT OF ECONOMIC ADAPTATION
Authors: Кузичева Н Ю. , Волкова А А. , Свиридов Д О. 
Published: September 2024

Все без исключения хозяйствующие субъекты осуществляют адаптацию к меняющимся внешним условиям ведения бизнеса. Особые сложности возникают у малых предприятий, ведущих капиталоемкое производство. К ним относятся садоводческие организации. В статье приведены основные закономерности, которые объективно находят реализацию в процессе экономической адаптации. В их числе выделены индивидуальная изменчивость, способность к обучению, необходимость комплексного приспособления разных сторон бизнеса к действию одного фактора, минимизация количества входов контрагентов на протяжении производственной цепочки агробизнеса. Приведена динамика показателей, отражающих уровень адаптационной реакции малых садоводческих хозяйств Тамбовской области.
All business entities, without exception, adapt to the changing external conditions of doing business. Small enterprises engaged in capital-intensive production have particular difficulties. These include horticultural organizations. The article presents the main patterns that objectively find implementation in the process of economic adaptation. Among them are highlighted individual variability, ability to learn, the need for a comprehensive adaptation of different sides of the business to the action of one factor, minimizing the number of counterparties' inputs throughout the agribusiness production chain. The dynamics of indicators reflecting the level of adaptation response of small horticultural farms of the Tambov region is presented.
Biopolymer aerogels as nasal drug delivery systems
Authors: Меньшутина Н.В. , Уварова А.А. , Мочалова М.С. , Ловская Д.Д. , Цыганков П.Ю. , Гурина О.И. , Зубков Е.А. , Абрамова О.В. 
Published: September 2024

Получены микрочастицы аэрогеля на основе яичного белка и хитозана, характеризующиеся низкой плотностью, развитой морфологией и высокой удельной площадью поверхности, высокой пористостью, большим объемом и малым диаметром пор. Методом лазерной дифракции получены кривые распределения частиц по размерам, из которых были рассчитаны среднечисленный и аэродинамический диаметры. Аэродинамический диаметр всех полученных биополимерных аэрогелей лежит в диапазоне, необходимом для осуществления адресной доставки активных фармацевтических ингредиентов (АФИ) в обонятельную область носовой полости. Проведены экспериментальные исследования по внедрению АФИ «мелатонин» в поры биополимерных аэрогелей на стадии замены растворителя и методом сверхкритической адсорбции. Методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии определены массовые доли АФИ в полученных фармацевтических композициях «биополимерный аэрогель — АФИ». Методом рентгенофазового анализа показано, что АФИ в фармацевтических композициях присутствует преимущественно в аморфном состоянии. Результаты экспериментальных исследований in vivo показали, что в случае интраназального введения обеих композиций «биополимерный аэрогель — АФИ» максимальная концентрация АФИ в тканях мозга достигается уже через 30 мин. Это доказывает, что полученные биополимерные аэрогели на основе белка и хитозана перспективны для использования в качестве матриц-носителей АФИ при разработке назальных систем их доставки.
Protein (egg white) and chitosan aerogel microparticles characterized by low density, developed morphology and high specific surface area, high porosity, large volume and small pore diameter, were obtained. Using the laser diffraction method, particle size distribution curves were obtained, from which the average number and aerodynamic diameters were calculated. The aerodynamic diameter of all obtained biopolymer aerogels lies in the range required for targeted delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to the olfactory region of the nasal cavity. Experimental studies have been carried out on the introduction of API «melatonin» into the pores of biopolymer aerogels at the stages of solvent replacement and supercritical adsorption. Mass fractions of API in the resulting pharmaceutical compositions «biopolymer aerogel — API» were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. X-ray powder diffraction showed that API in pharmaceutical compositions is present mainly in the amorphous state. The results of in vivo experimental studies showed that in the case of intranasal administration of both «biopolymer aerogel — API» compositions, the maximum concentration of API in brainтtissues is reached after 30 minutes. This proves that the resulting biopolymer aerogels based on protein (egg white) and chitosan are promising for use as API carrier matrices in the development of nasal drug delivery systems.