bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High altitude agriculture in the Titicaca basin (800 BCE–200 CE): Impacts on nutrition and disease load
Authors: Juengst Sara L. , Hutchinson Dale L. , Chávez Sergio J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigates the biological impacts of sedentism and agriculture on humans living in the high altitude landscape of the Titicaca Basin between 800 BCE and CE 200. The transition to agriculture in other global areas resulted in increases in disease and malnutrition; the high altitude of the Titicaca Basin could have exacerbated this. Our objective is to test whether the high altitude of the Titicaca Basin created a marginal environment for early agriculturalists living there, reflected through elevated rates of malnutrition and/or disease.MethodsTo test this, we analyzed human remains excavated from seven archaeological sites on the Copacabana Peninsula for markers of diet and disease. These markers included dental caries, dental abscesses, cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, periosteal reactions, osteomyelitis, and linear enamel hypoplasia.ResultsResults showed that markers of diet did not support malnutrition or micronutrient deficiencies but instead, indicated a relatively diverse diet for all individuals. Markers of disease also did not vary significantly but were common, indicating circulation of pathogens or chronic bodily stress.ConclusionsWe interpret these results as an indication that while diets remained nutritious, investment in the landscape exposed populations to issues of sanitation and disease. The high‐altitude of the Titicaca Basin did not exacerbate the biological impacts of agriculture in terms of increased malnutrition. Additionally, disease load was likely related to problems faced by many sedentary groups as opposed to unique challenges posed by high altitude. In sum, despite the high elevation, the Titicaca Basin is not truly a marginal environment for humans.
C(sp2)−C(sp2) Coupling in Water: Palladium(II) Complexes of N‐Pincer Tetradentate Porphyrins as Effective Catalysts
Authors: Rao Kanusu Umamaheswara , Appa Rama Moorthy , Lakshmidevi Jangam , Vijitha Raagala , Rao K. S. V. Krishna , Narasimhulu Manchala , Venkateswarlu Katta 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA convenient and efficient palladium(II)–porphyrin catalytic system has been developed for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling (SMC) of aryl bromides with potassium aryltrifluoroborate in water. A series of seven different porphyrins and their complexes with palladium (PdII(por)‐1–PdII(por)‐7) were prepared, and screened their catalytic activity in making biaryls through C(sp2)−C(sp2) coupling. Significantly, the present protocol utilizes safe, water‐soluble, and highly stable porphyrins as an alternative to toxic and unstable phosphine ligands. The simple preparation of porphyrins and their complexes, use of moisture‐resistant catalyst, excellent yields of the isolated products, use of eco‐friendly solvent (such as water), and reusability of the catalyst are the notable advantages of this method. This finding uses marginally explored, moisture‐insensitive potassium phenyltrifluoroborates as nucleophiles for SMC. Furthermore, the scope of the method has been demonstrated for the multi‐gram scale preparation of biaryls without any side products.
Ausrichtung amorpher Eisenoxid‐Cluster: ein nichtklassischer Mechanismus für die Magnetitbildung
Authors: Sun Shengtong , Gebauer Denis , Cölfen Helmut 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObwohl schon viele Studien auf dem Gebiet der Nukleation und Kristallisation von Eisen(oxyhydr)oxiden durchgeführt wurden, ist die Rolle der Spezies, die sich in den frühen Stadien entwickeln, besonders primäre Cluster und amorphe Übergangspartikel, immer noch schlecht verstanden. Hier wurden sowohl ligandenfreie als auch ligandengeschützte amorphe Eisenoxid‐Cluster (“amorphous iron oxide”, AIO, <2 nm) als Vorstufen für die Magnetitbildung synthetisiert. Durch Tempern können die Cluster zu Magnetitpartikeln kristallisieren, und es wurde festgestellt, dass die AIO‐Bulkphase mit Domänen von vororientierten Clustern eine direkte Vorstufe zum Kristall ist. Dies weist auf einen nichtklassischen aggregationsbasierten Reaktionspfad hin, welcher sich von der bisher berichteten orientierten Anlagerung oder dem Partikelanlagerungsmechanismus unterscheidet.
Two Exceptional Homoleptic Iron(IV) Tetraalkyl Complexes
Authors: Casitas Alicia , Rees Julian A. , Goddard Richard , Bill Eckhard , DeBeer Serena , Fürstner Alois 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe formation of the high‐valent iron complex [Fe(cyclohexyl)4] from FeII under reducing conditions is best explained by disproportionation of a transient organoiron intermediate which is driven by dispersive forces between the cyclohexyl ligands and the formation of short and strong Fe−C bonds. The (meta)stability of this diamagnetic complex (S=0) is striking if one considers that it has empty d‐orbitals at its disposal and contains, at the same time, no less than twenty H‐atoms available for either α‐ or β‐hydride elimination.
HPCO—A Phosphorus‐Containing Analogue of Isocyanic Acid
Authors: Hinz Alexander , Labbow René , Rennick Chris , Schulz Axel , Goicoechea Jose M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe describe the isolation and spectroscopic characterization of the heavier phosphorus‐containing analogue of isocyanic acid (HPCO), and its isotopologue (DPCO). This fundamental small molecule, which has been postulated to exist in interstellar space, has thus far only been observed at low gas phase concentrations or in inert gas matrices. In this report we describe its synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and reactivity in solution.
Harnessing Colloidal Crack Formation by Flow‐Enabled Self‐Assembly
Authors: Li Bo , Jiang Beibei , Han Wei , He Ming , Li Xiao , Wang Wei , Hong Suck Won , Byun Myunghwan , Lin Shaoliang , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSelf‐assembly of nanomaterials to yield a wide diversity of high‐order structures, materials, and devices promises new opportunities for various technological applications. Herein, we report that crack formation can be effectively harnessed by elaborately restricting the drying of colloidal suspension using a flow‐enabled self‐assembly (FESA) strategy to yield large‐area periodic cracks (i.e., microchannels) with tunable spacing. These uniform microchannels can be utilized as a template to guide the assembly of Au nanoparticles, forming intriguing nanoparticle threads. This strategy is simple and convenient. As such, it opens the possibility for large‐scale manufacturing of crack‐based or crack‐derived assemblies and materials for use in optics, electronics, optoelectronics, photonics, magnetic device, nanotechnology, and biotechnology.
Investigation on compatibility and microstructure of PCBs‐modified asphalt
Authors: Dong Fuqiang , Yu Xin , Chen Jun , Liu Shengjie , Chen Qiao 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTDue to the increasing production of waste Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), there is a strong need to investigate the effective method how to recycle PCBs for protecting the environment. In this study, the PCBs were added to asphalt for preparing the PCBs‐modified asphalt to improve the performance of asphalt. The influences of PCBs on Cole‐Cole plots, segregation index, ratio difference number, and microstructure of modified asphalt were evaluated by storage stability tests, dynamic shear rheometer tests, fluorescence microscopy analysis, and fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, respectively. The results show that addition of PCBs can improve rheological properties of asphalt and the PCBs content has significant influence on the compatibility and microstructure of modified asphalt. The optimum content of PCBs is no more than 10 wt % for the better compatibility and storage stability of PCBs‐modified asphalt. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 44798.
Polypropylene composite reinforced with fibrillated curaua fiber and using maleic anhydride as coupling agent
Authors: Nacas Amanda M. , Silva Roberto L. , De Paoli Marco A. , Spinacé Márcia A. S. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTCuraua fibers (CF) were fibrillated using high‐intensity ultrasonication, which is fast and uses water as a solvent. The fibrillated fibers (CFf) were used as reinforcement (20 wt %) in polypropylene composites processed by extrusion with or without 2 wt % of polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PPMA). Fibrillation promotes an increase from 11.3 to 33.8 in the aspect ratio of the fiber. Sonication caused extraction of lignin and a decrease in the degree of crystallinity of the CF. Extrusion of the composites causes no additional fibrillation of the CF. A composite reinforced with CFf had tensile and flexural strength of 24.9% and 51.5%, respectively, higher than that of pristine PP. The use of PPMA and CFf in the composite promotes a further increase of 30% and 50.5% in these parameters, respectively. A thermal analysis of the composites using CFf with or without PPMA showed similar behavior. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44913.
Gas‐sensor fabrication by a layer‐by‐layer technique using polydiacetylene
Authors: Kim Minhee , Shin Young Jae , Shin Min Jae , Shin Jae Sup 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTIn order to increase the sensitivity of a polydiacetylene (PDA) sensor, PDA, and poly(sodium 4‐styrene‐sulfonate) (PSS) were alternately stacked to form a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) film on the quartz. In this study, N‐(2‐aminoethyl)pentacosa‐10,12‐diynamide (AEPCDA) was used as a constituent of the PDA and n‐butylamine was used as a target compound. The formed‐film sensor showed higher sensitivity than the vesicle solution. There was a large difference in sensitivity depending on the method used to form the LBL film. Unlike the vesicle solution state, the formed‐film sensor exhibited excellent reversibility in the color change caused by heat. The LBL film formed worked very well as a sensor that detects the actual gas, n‐butyl amine, showing its potential for practical applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44997.
A study of rigid polyurethane foams: The effect of synthesized polyols and nanoporous graphene
Authors: Hoseinabadi Morteza , Naderi Mehdi , Najafi Mohammad , Motahari Siamak , Shokri Mohammad 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTRigid polyurethane foams (RPUF) with nanoporous graphene (NPG) were synthesized and their properties, including density, mechanical, morphological, and thermal‐resistant properties were studied. In the current work, polyols of the RPUF formulation were synthesized and NPG content was varied from 0.1 to 0.5 wt %. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation was used to observe the dispersion of NPG and cell size in the RPUF nanocomposites. Only 0.25 wt % of NPG improved compressive strength and modulus respectively by 10.7% and 66.5%. The TGA analysis confirmed that an increase in NPG loading slightly increase the degradation temperature of the samples. These results additionally indicated that NPG enhances the mechanical properties of the RPUF nanocomposites more effectively compared to other nanoparticles (clay, silica etc.). The superiority of NPG over other nanoparticles can be attributed to unique two‐dimensional geometrical morphology and a higher specific surface area. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45001.
Knockdown of a putative argininosuccinate lyase gene reduces arginine content and impairs nymphal development in Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Yuan San‐Yue , Li Guo‐Qing , Wan Pin‐Jun , Fu Qiang , Lai Feng‐Xiang , Mu Li‐Li 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNilaparvata lugens is a typical phloem feeder. Rice phloem is high in simple sugars and very low in essential amino acids. Nilaparvata lugens harbors an ascomycete Entomomyces delphacidicola that hypothetically biosynthesizes several amino acids to meet the nutrition requirement of the planthopper. Among these amino acids, here, we focused on arginine biosynthesis. A complete cDNA of an E. delphacidicola gene, arginine‐succinate lyase, EdArg4, the last step in arginine biosynthesis, was obtained. RNAi‐mediated suppression of EdArg4 reduced arginine content in the hemolymph, and decreased the expression of several arginine biosynthesis genes. Silencing of EdArg4 delayed nymphal development and led to nymphal lethality. About 20% of the EdArg4 RNAi surviving adults were deformed. The most obvious defect was wider and larger abdomen. The EdArg4 RNAi‐treated planthoppers had thickened wings and enlarged antennae, legs, and anal tubes and a few adults did not normally emerge. Arginine deficiency in the EdArg4 RNAi planthoppers repressed nitric oxide signaling, determined at the transcriptional level. We infer that E. delphacidicola biosynthesizes essential arginine to compensate for nutrition deficiency in N. lugens.
Impact of hepatobiliary service centralization on treatment and outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer and liver metastases
Authors: Vallance A E , vanderMeulen J , Kuryba A , Botterill I D , Hill J , Jayne D G , Walker K 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
Centralization of specialist surgical services can improve patient outcomes. The aim of this cohort study was to compare liver resection rates and survival in patients with primary colorectal cancer and synchronous metastases limited to the liver diagnosed at hepatobiliary surgical units (hubs) with those diagnosed at hospital Trusts without hepatobiliary services (spokes).

Methods
The study included patients from the National Bowel Cancer Audit diagnosed with primary colorectal cancer between 1 April 2010 and 31 March 2014 who underwent colorectal cancer resection in the English National Health Service. Patients were linked to Hospital Episode Statistics data to identify those with liver metastases and those who underwent liver resection. Multivariable random-effects logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio of liver resection by presence of specialist hepatobiliary services on site. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
Of 4547 patients, 1956 (43·0 per cent) underwent liver resection. The 1081 patients diagnosed at hubs were more likely to undergo liver resection (adjusted odds ratio 1·52, 95 per cent c.i. 1·20 to 1·91). Patients diagnosed at hubs had better median survival (30·6 months compared with 25·3 months for spokes; adjusted hazard ratio 0·83, 0·75 to 0·91). There was no difference in survival between hubs and spokes when the analysis was restricted to patients who had liver resection (P = 0·620) or those who did not undergo liver resection (P = 0·749).

Conclusion
Patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous metastases limited to the liver who are diagnosed at hospital Trusts with a hepatobiliary team on site are more likely to undergo liver resection and have better survival.
Long‐term outcome in a case of translocated mitral valve replacement for massive mitral annular calcification
Authors: Kataoka Go , Nakano Kiyoharu , Asano Ryota , Sato Atsuhiko , Tatsuishi Wataru 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageFew reports have described long‐term outcomes after translocated mitral valve replacement. We describe tips, potential pitfalls, and long‐term outcome associated with the construction of a new mitral annulus and reinforcement of prosthesis attachment using a mitral prosthetic valve with an equine pericardial collar in a woman with extensive mitral valve calcification.
Chloro Derivatives of Isomers of a Giant Fullerene C104: C104(234)Cl16/18, C104(812)Cl12/24, and C104(811)Cl28
Authors: Jin Fei , Yang Shangfeng , Fritz Maria A. , Kemnitz Erhard , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe chemistry of a giant fullerene, C104, has been extended by the synthesis and structural study of several chloro derivatives of three isolated pentagon rule (IPR) isomers of C104 nos. 234, 812, and 811. In the structure of C104(234)Cl16/18, two molecules with 16 and 18 attached Cl atoms occupy the same crystallographic site with an occupancy ratio of 61/39. The structures of C104(812)Cl12 and C104(812)Cl24 demonstrate substructure relationships of their chlorination patterns with single and double Cl attachments to 12 cage pentagons. The structure of C104(811)Cl28 is compared with the known C104(811)Cl24 thus revealing dramatic changes in the chlorination pattern, which occur with relatively small increases in the degree of chlorination.
Tuning Lewis Acidity by a Transannular pπ–σ* Interaction between Boron and Silicon/Germanium Atoms Supported by a Cage‐Shaped Framework
Authors: Konishi Akihito , Nakaoka Koichi , Nakajima Hideto , Chiba Kouji , Baba Akio , Yasuda Makoto 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCage‐shaped borates tethered by heavier Group 14 elements (Si or Ge) were synthesized. These possess an intramolecularly transannular pπ–σ* interaction between the boron center and the tethered Si/Ge atom, which allows the precise tuning of their Lewis acidity. The Lewis acidity was investigated by the ligand‐exchange reaction rate and IR measurements with the help of theoretical calculation. The synthesized borates exhibited catalytic activity. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the direct orbital perturbation of a metal center by space interaction during fine tuning of the Lewis acidity.
Cre‐loxP‐Mediated Recombination: General Principles and Experimental Considerations
Authors: McLellan Micheal A. , Rosenthal Nadia A. , Pinto Alexander R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe cre‐loxP–mediated recombination system (the “cre‐loxP system”) is an integral experimental tool for mammalian genetics and cell biology. Use of the system has greatly expanded our ability to precisely interrogate gene function in the mouse, providing both spatial and temporal control of gene expression. This has been largely due to the simplicity of its use and its adaptability to address diverse biological questions. While the use of the cre‐loxP system is becoming increasingly widespread, in particular because of growing availability of conditional mouse mutants, many considerations need to be taken into account when utilizing the cre‐loxP system. This review provides an overview of the cre‐loxP system and its various permutations. It addresses the limitations of cre‐loxP technology and related considerations for experimental design, and it discusses alternative strategies for site‐specific genetic recombination and integration. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Should I stay or should I go? Cadherin function and regulation in the neural crest
Authors: Taneyhill Lisa A. , Schiffmacher Andrew T. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOur increasing comprehension of neural crest cell development has reciprocally advanced our understanding of cadherin expression, regulation, and function. As a transient population of multipotent stem cells that significantly contribute to the vertebrate body plan, neural crest cells undergo a variety of transformative processes and exhibit many cellular behaviors, including epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), motility, collective cell migration, and differentiation. Multiple studies have elucidated regulatory and mechanistic details of specific cadherins during neural crest cell development in a highly contextual manner. Collectively, these results reveal that gradual changes within neural crest cells are accompanied by often times subtle, yet important, alterations in cadherin expression and function. The primary focus of this review is to coalesce recent data on cadherins in neural crest cells, from their specification to their emergence as motile cells soon after EMT, and to highlight the complexities of cadherin expression beyond our current perceptions, including the hypothesis that the neural crest EMT is a transition involving a predominantly singular cadherin switch. Further advancements in genetic approaches and molecular techniques will provide greater opportunities to integrate data from various model systems in order to distinguish unique or overlapping functions of cadherins expressed at any point throughout the ontogeny of the neural crest.
Species composition but not diversity explains recovery from the 2011 drought in Texas grasslands
Authors: Xu Xia , Polley H. Wayne , Hofmockel Kirsten , Wilsey Brian J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractExtreme droughts can have profound direct consequences for grassland ecosystems, but it is poorly known how ecosystems recover from drought and what ecological factors are associated with recovery. Recovery occurs when ecosystem functioning returns to values observed prior to a perturbation. Here, we tested for ecosystem recovery after an extreme drought in 2011 in previously established native and exotic experimental communities in Central Texas. Planted mixtures of all native and all exotic species were crossed with a summer irrigation treatment, with eight community compositions (random draws) per treatment. Prior to the drought, native plots had higher diversity than exotic plots, which sets up the prediction that the high‐diversity native plots will recover more quickly than exotics. The extreme drought decreased rain‐use efficiency ([RUE], annual biomass production per unit of rainfall) by 82%. Rain‐use efficiency remained well below pre‐drought levels during the growing season after the drought. However, on average, RUE recovered to pre‐drought levels by the second growing season following drought. Exotic communities showed higher RUE than native communities, and irrigation significantly reduced RUE in both exotic and native communities across years. Interestingly, not all of the mixtures recovered from the drought, and recovery was associated with species composition, but not diversity. Rain‐use efficiency recovery from drought was greatest in native communities in which the proportion of C3 forb biomass increased during and following drought and in exotic communities with a low proportion of short grass biomass. Extreme droughts can exert differential impacts on plant functional groups, leading to a drought legacy effect that reduces recovery with possible long‐term repercussions.
Inland notches: lithological characteristics and climatic implications of subaerial cavernous landforms in Israel
Authors: Shtober‐Zisu Nurit , Amasha Hani , Frumkin Amos 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInland notches, are elongated concave‐shape indentations that develop on the carbonate rocky cliffs of mountainous zones, down to the desert fringe. These rock shelters form as a result of the interaction between specific petrologic characteristics and climatic controls, emphasizing the importance of environment upon rock decay. Inland notches are shaped due to slight differences (1–15%) in the porosity of the visor and cavity bed: the cavity bed is more porous, so more likely to erode by exfoliation and dissolution. Thus, the cavity bed retreats at a faster rate compared to the slower subaerial dissolution of the visor bed, until a critical point is reached where the visor collapses. In Israel, inland notches inhabit the same lithostratigraphic units as do large caves. The vast majority (71%) of inland notches are formed in hard, dense, and crystalline limestone deposited throughout the Turonian age. Another 27% are cut into the dolomitic sequence of the upper Albian and lower Cenomanian. The rest (2%) are dispersed in the various formations of the Cenomanian and Eocene eras. Notches are most common in semi‐arid and in Mediterranean climates but mainly in areas with annual rainfall of between 400 mm and 850 mm. In more humid areas (> 900 mm/yr) notches are negligible or completely absent, due to the rapid rate of chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks. In the desert fringe (200–300 mm/yr), mechanical decay is accelerated and notches exhibit disintegration processes, visor collapse, and rock falls. In the desert area (< 200 mm/yr), salt decay replaces the chemical decay characteristic of inland notches, encouraging tafoni formation. In addition, notches form through fluvial activity or on account of greater petrophysical differences between consecutive beds; i.e. elongated cavities may form in soft rocks, shaded by harder visors or crusts. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.