bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathyris
Authors: Vandorpe Katelijn 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Pathyris, modern Gebelein (“Twin peaks”), was an Upper Egyptian town on the west bank, located south of Thebes. Due to its strategic importance, the place was inhabited from prehistory onward, and flourished in Hellenistic times when after the great revolt in Upper Egypt (206–186
bce
) the town received a military camp, where local people were enrolled as soldiers. Some Greek soldiers also settled there. Several archives (official, temple, and family archives) have been discovered in Pathyris; they offer a unique view on life in a bilingual society.
Paul
Authors: Kehoe Dennis 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPaul, along with Papinian and Ulpian, was one of the leading Late Classical jurists of the Severan age. Little is known about his origins, but like other jurists of this age, he held important posts connected with legal administration under the Severan emperors. One of the jurists most often cited in theDigestof Justinian, Paul was a voluminous writer. He wrote on virtually every subject in Roman law, with extended treatments of the civil law and the Praetor's Edict. In addition, he wrote shorter works on individual areas of Roman law and on various statutes. One of his most influential works in antiquity was hisSententiae, a work begun by Paul but apparently also continued by a postclassical writer.
Ras al‐Bassit
Authors: Vacek Alexander 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Ras al‐Bassit is an Iron Age harbor town in northern Syria, located ca. 50 km north of Latakia. Greek Protogeometric imports found at the site indicate that Bassit had connections to Greece already during the tenth century
bce
. By the late seventh century
bce
a small group of Greeks were even resident at the port.
Southern France
Authors: Luley Benjamin P. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Southern France here refers to the Mediterranean region of France comprising the administrative
régions
of Languedoc‐Roussillon and Provence‐Alpes‐Côte d'Azur. During the Bronze Age (2300–750
bce
) and the Iron Age (750–125
bce
) the middle and eastern parts of southern France were occupied by Celts, and the western part by Iberians. During the Iron Age, two important developments occurred: the establishment of trading relations with Etruscan and Phocaean Greek merchants, and the concentration of the population in densely‐settled fortified towns, often located along strategic rivers or on high hilltops. Southern France was conquered by the Roman Republic in a series of campaigns between 125
–
121
bce
.
Trade, Roman maritime (early and late empire)
Authors: Harpster Matthew 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The maritime trade of the Early and Late Roman Empire was a combination of older characteristics, such as ship assembly and personnel, and elements particular to the Roman Empire, such as an increasing centralization of power and bureaucracy. Sea transportation was the easiest and most efficient means of moving goods, people, and ideas throughout the empire's vast territory. Despite the large corpus of archaeological, iconographic, epigraphic, and textual data, there are still debates over the fundamental nature of the movement itself.
Zankle
Authors: Donnellan Lieve 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Zankle is a Greek
polis
strategically established in northeast Sicily in the late eighth century
bce
. The city became powerful in the Archaic period and controlled a vast territory that included part of the opposite mainland. It was conquered in 488/7
bce
by the Rhegian tyrant Anaxilaos who renamed it as Messana.
Dendera/Tentyra (Graeco‐Roman/Late Antique)
Authors: Dijkstra Jitse H. F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn overview of Dendera in the Graeco‐Roman and Late Antique periods. In the Graeco‐Roman period the site was dominated by the temple of Hathor, one of the best preserved temples in Egypt and the center of her cult. During Late Antiquity the city continued to be of regional significance, as is evinced by the episcopal see that was created here, as well as the church that was built close to the Hathor temple.
Response to treatment in a prospective national infantile spasms cohort
Authors: Knupp Kelly G. , Coryell Jason , Nickels Katherine C. , Ryan Nicole , Leister Erin , Loddenkemper Tobias , Grinspan Zachary , Hartman Adam L. , Kossoff Eric H. , Gaillard William D. , Mytinger John R. , Joshi Sucheta , Shellhaas Renée A. , Sullivan Joseph , Dlugos Dennis , Hamikawa Lorie , Berg Anne T. , Millichap John , Nordli Douglas R. , Wirrell Elaine ,   and the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveInfantile spasms are seizures associated with a severe epileptic encephalopathy presenting in the first 2 years of life, and optimal treatment continues to be debated. This study evaluates early and sustained response to initial treatments and addresses both clinical remission and electrographic resolution of hypsarrhythmia. Secondarily, it assesses whether response to treatment differs by etiology or developmental status.MethodsThe National Infantile Spasms Consortium established a multicenter, prospective database enrolling infants with new diagnosis of infantile spasms. Children were considered responders if there was clinical remission and resolution of hypsarrhythmia that was sustained at 3 months after first treatment initiation. Standard treatments of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), oral corticosteroids, and vigabatrin were considered individually, and all other nonstandard therapies were analyzed collectively. Developmental status and etiology were assessed. We compared response rates by treatment group using chi‐square tests and multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsTwo hundred thirty infants were enrolled from 22 centers. Overall, 46% of children receiving standard therapy responded, compared to only 9% who responded to nonstandard therapy (p < 0.001). Fifty‐five percent of infants receiving ACTH as initial treatment responded, compared to 39% for oral corticosteroids, 36% for vigabatrin, and 9% for other (p < 0.001). Neither etiology nor development significantly modified the response pattern by treatment group.InterpretationResponse rate varies by treatment choice. Standard therapies should be considered as initial treatment for infantile spasms, including those with impaired development or known structural or genetic/metabolic etiology. ACTH appeared to be more effective than other standard therapies. ANN NEUROL 2016;79:475–484
Stretchable conductive films based on carbon nanomaterials prepared by spray coating
Authors: Bu Qiang , Zhan Yanhu , He Fangfang , Lavorgna Marino , Xia Hesheng 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTStretchable conductive films consisting of a layer of carbon nanomaterials, that is, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), mechanically exfoliated graphene (GE), or chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO), deposited on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films were prepared by spray coating. The correlations among the concentration of the carbon nanomaterials, the electrical resistance and the optical transmittance of the spray‐coated films were investigated. The results show that the conductivity of the CNT coatings was better than that of the GE‐based coatings. When the CNT concentration of the dispersion for spraying increased from 0.01 to 0.075 mg/mL, the surface electrical resistance decreased from 7.8 × 103 to 6.7 × 102 Ω, whereas for the GE or rGO coatings, the electrical resistance was several orders higher than that of the CNT coatings. The CNT spray‐coated films exhibited an optical transmittance of about 60% at a wavelength of 550 nm; this was higher than that of the GE or rGO spray‐coated films. The electric heating behaviors of the stretchable conductive films as functions of the applied voltage and the concentration of carbon nanomaterials and the electrical conductivity under tensile and bending strains were also investigated. The surface temperature of the CNT‐coated films rose rapidly up to 200°C within about 40 s when the applied voltage was 110 V. The stretchable conductive films have potential as electric heating elements because of their excellent conductive properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43243.
PVDF piezoelectric voltage coefficient in situ measurements as a function of applied stress
Authors: Gusarov Boris , Gusarova Elena , Viala Bernard , Gimeno Leticia , Cugat Orphée 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTDirect piezoelectric g31 voltage coefficient was measured in situ as a function of applied tensile stress for films of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Measurements were performed under quasi‐static conditions with applied strain rates of 0.5–1.5 mm/min for strains up to 12%. Open‐circuit voltage was measured with a contact‐less electrostatic voltmeter. Obtained results show a strong dependence of the g31 coefficient of mono‐oriented PVDF films on the applied stress, with a maximum value of the coefficient in the transition region between elastic and plastic deformation zones. The effect of sample geometry on the apparent g31 coefficient is shown and discussed. The anisotropy of the piezoelectric effect is studied by means of g31 and g32 measurements. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43248.
Rheological study of copovidone and solid dispersion blend used for hot melt extrusion
Authors: Dudhedia Mayur S. , Agrawal Anjali M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe focus of this work is to generate rheological parameters using AR 2000EX rheometer for PVP VA64 and Compound A – PVP VA64 blend at different temperatures, which can then be subsequently used to identify hot melt extrusion process conditions. Addition of Compound A to the neat PVP VA64 shows a drop in storage modulus and loss modulus as compared to the neat PVP VA64. It appears that Compound A is acting as a plasticizer by increasing the separation of the polymer chains and thus results in reduction of viscosity of Compound A blends compared to polymer only samples. For both systems, based on low standard error of fit, Cross model was chosen as the best fit for the rheological data and temperature dependency of viscosity was assessed by Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) model. This approach can be applied to screen formulations with new chemical entities (NCEs) and generate rheological information with various extruding polymers at fixed/variable drug loading in polymer matrix to determine suitability for hot melt extrusion process and appropriate temperature for conducting hot melt extrusion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43278.
A facile preparation of pH‐temperature dual stimuli‐responsive supramolecular hydrogel and its controllable drug release
Authors: Zhou Mi , Liu Kaiyue , Qian Xin 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTA series of pH‐temperature dual stimuli‐responsive random copolymers poly[N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate‐co‐poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate][poly(DMAEMA‐co‐MPEGMA)] were synthesized by free radical polymerization. The supramolecular hydrogel was formed by pseudopolyrotaxane, which was prepared with the host‐guest interactions between α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the structures of the hydrogels. The pH‐temperature dual stimuli responsive properties of the hydrogels were characterized by rheometer. Finally, the controllable drug release behavior of the hydrogel, which was used 5‐fluorouracil (5‐Fu) as the model drug, was investigated at different temperatures and different pH values. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43279.
Influence of 1,2‐polybutadiene on properties of dicumyl peroxide cured brominated butyl rubber
Authors: Yuan Xia , Wang Jinyuan , Wang Chunwei , Gao Steven , Guo Sharon , Zhang Yong 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTPeroxide curing of brominated butyl rubber (BIIR) is an attractive topic, but the degradation of BIIR during the curing is a drawback needed to be overcome. Coagent assisted peroxide curing system is an attractive and effective choice in order to increase the crosslink density of rubbers. 1,2‐polybutadiene (1,2‐PB) is used as a crosslinking coagent for the curing of BIIR by dicumyl peroxide (DCP), and the effect of 1,2‐PB on the curing characteristics, crosslink density, and mechanical properties is investigated. The addition of 1,2‐PB affects the curing characteristics of BIIR compound and significantly increases the crosslink density of BIIR vulcanizates. With increasing 1,2‐PB content, the tensile strength and stresses at a given extension of BIIR vulcanizates increase, but the elongation at break decreases. A stress‐softening effect of the carbon black filled BIIR vulcanizates is observed and becomes more pronounced with increasing 1,2‐PB content. The addition of 1,2‐PB increases the stress relaxation index of BIIR. GPC and 13C‐NMR results indicate 1,2‐PB participates in the crosslinking reaction, and the existence of 1,2‐PB component in the insoluble fraction of BIIR/1,2‐PB vulcanizates is confirmed by solid‐state 13C‐NMR. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43280.
Heavy metal removal using hydroxypropyl cellulose and polyacrylamide gels, kinetical study
Authors: Zamarripa–Cerón José Luis , García‐Cruz Juan Carlos , Martínez–Arellano Alfredo Carlos , Castro–Guerrero Carlos Fernando , Ángeles–San Martín Marisela Estefanía , Morales–Cepeda Ana Beatriz 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article we report the removal of Pb, Ni and Cu using a hydrogel made with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and polyacrylamide (PAAm). The hydrogel successfully removed those metals, as shown by the results of atomic absorption spectroscopy; the polymer removed 53% of Pb, 52% of Ni and 51% of Cu. Different pHs were tried for these polymers. The highest metal removal was found at 40°C. The adsorption kinetics fitted Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Metal particles were detected on the hydrogel with electron microscopy and energy–dispersive X–ray spectroscpy, confirming that the gel removed the metals from the testing solutions. This polymer is a good option for treating wastewater and industrial waters as it removes metals and is composed of nontoxic materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43285.
Chemical modifications of lignocellulosic materials and their application for removal of cations and anions from aqueous solutions
Authors: de Quadros Melo Diego , de Oliveira Sousa Neto Vicente , de Freitas Barros Francisco Claudio , Raulino Giselle Santiago Cabral , Vidal Carla Bastos , do Nascimento Ronaldo Ferreira 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis review discussed the last 10 years progress in the use of lignocellulosic materials chemically modified as low‐cost biosorbents. Thus, the chemical modifications, such as chemical pretreatment, oxidation, as well as the grafting of carboxyl groups, amines, amides, etc., on lignocellulosic fibers, that aim to increase the number of adsorption sites and maximize toxic metal ion adsorption capacity have been addressed. The literature presents results that indicated performances of biosorbents equal to or even higher than conventional methods and adsorbents. Many efforts have been concentrated on the improvements of these biosorbents through chemical modifications. However, some difficulties still exist, including the discharge of colored organic compounds resulting from the pretreatments and the development of fast, clean, and low‐cost synthesis of selective and multifunctional adsorbents. Thus, the challenge for future research is to find solutions to these difficulties in order to finally make lignocellulosics biosorbents that can replace conventional adsorbent materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43286.
How the infrared radiation affects the film formation process from latexes?
Authors: Yargi O. , Gelir A. , Ozdogan M. , Nuhoglu C. , Elaissari A. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, the effect of the infrared radiative heating (IRH) was investigated on the film formation from composites of polystyrene (PS) latex particles and poly vinyl alcohol (PVA). The films were prepared as a pure PS and a mixture of PS and PVA particles at equal compositions at room temperature and they were annealed at elevated temperatures above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PS for 10 min by using IRH technique. Identical experiments were performed by using standard convectional heating technique in oven as comparison. It was shown that the activation energy for the film formation from PS latex particles decreased considerably in IRH annealing technique. Photon transmission (PT) and steady state fluorescence (SSF) techniques were used to monitor the film formation process at each sintering step. Minimum film formation temperature, To, and healing temperature, Th, were determined by the data obtained from the SSF and the PT measurements for each heating processes. The film formation was modeled as a void closure and as an interdiffusion stage below and above Th, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the variation in morphological structure of annealed composite films. It was observed that IRH heating causes more homogenous and more flat film surface than films annealed in the oven. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43289.
Laccase‐catalyzed synthesis of polypyrrole‐multiwalled carbon nanotube composites as energy storage materials for capacitors
Authors: Park Junghee , Raseda Nasrin , Oh Eun Suok , Ryu Keungarp 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were coated with polypyrrole (PPy) using in situ enzymatic polymerization of pyrrole catalyzed by a laccase (benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.2) from Trametes versicolor. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the MWNTs were uniformly coated with very thin layers of PPy without any indication of globular polymer aggregate formations. The enzymatic synthesis of the MWNTs/PPy composites was quite simple being performed in a one‐pot aqueous solution (pH 4.0) under mild reaction conditions. The potential of the composites with respect to the development of energy storage devices was demonstrated by fabricating a two‐electrode coin cell capacitor (diameter 20 mm, thickness 1.6 mm) utilizing the composites as electrode materials. The capacitance of the cell was 28.0 F g−1 for the electrode material as measured by a galvanostatic charge–discharge method. The energy density and power density were 2.55 and 805 W kg−1, respectively, which were close to those of the capacitors classified as ultracapacitors. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43307.
Stepwise cure and properties of silicone resin for high‐ultraviolet‐transmission optical elements
Authors: Lv Zhiyong , Wu Chonggang , Li Jing , Fang Xiao , Yu Dongdong , Qin Huchuan , Yu Peng , Chen Xuhuang 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTA new high‐ultraviolet (UV)‐transmission silicone‐resin polymeric material was prepared via curing during hydrosilylation of tetramethyltetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane with tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane by a liquid‐surface supernatant method, using a stepwise heating program to avoid spontaneous combustion of the reaction mixture. The relationships were investigated in detail between reactive groups, cross‐linking density, mechanical and UV‐transmission properties. For this purpose, UV transmittance and dynamic mechanical properties, respectively, of the silicone resin were measured with UV–visible spectrophotometry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. In addition, surface roughness was evaluated with an atomic force microscope as well as an interferometer. The curing process was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and rotational rheometry. The cyclic silicone oils were compared with linear ones in structure and product properties. The results indicated that stepwise temperature control during curing process was particularly indispensible due to the presence of active SiH bonds, and that the silicone resin of high modulus, high UV transmittance (92.7%) and low surface‐roughness was largely homogeneous in cross‐linking points distribution. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43308.
Effect of polymer matrix on the performance of pressure‐sensitive paint comprising 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphinato platinum(II) and poly(1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropyl‐co‐tert‐butyl methacrylates)
Authors: Obata Makoto , Asato Ryo , Hirohara Shiho , Mitsuo Kazunori 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTCopolymers of 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate (HFIPM) and tert‐butyl methacrylate (TBM) were prepared by conventional radical copolymerization as a novel binders for pressure‐sensitive paints (PSP). The monomer reactivity ratios rHFIPM and rTBM were determined as 0.45 and 0.67, respectively. The glass transition temperature of the copolymers increased from 77 to 126°C with increasing mole fraction of TBM units in the copolymer. The PSP were formed by combining the resulting copolymers and 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphinato platinum(II). The pressure and temperature sensitivities of the PSPs were measured at air pressures ranging from 5 to 120 kPa and at temperatures ranging from 0 to 60°C. Modified Stern–Volmer plots indicated slight increases in the pressure sensitivity, but significant decrease in the temperature sensitivity as the mole fraction of HFIPM units increased in the copolymer. Applying a theoretical model to our calibration data, we inferred that luminescence quenching is primarily responsible for increasing the temperature sensitivity in the resulting copolymers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43316.
Toughening of epoxy novolac resin using cardanol based flexibilizers
Authors: Gour Rajeshwari S. , Kodgire Vivek V. , Badiger Manohar V. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, two different cardanol based epoxies (Cardolite NC‐514 and Cardanol NC‐547) were employed as flexibilizers to toughen an epoxy novolac resin namely, poly[(phenylglycidyl ether)‐co‐formaldehyde] (PPGEF). 4,4′‐Diamino‐3,3′‐dimethyl dicyclohexyl methane (BMCHA) was used as a curing agent. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of the composites showed a gradual decrease in glass transition temperatures (Tg) with increase in cardolite content confirming the incorporation of flexible moieties into the brittle resin matrix. Improvement in toughening of PPGEF/Cardolite composites was manifested by increase in the izod impact strength of both the composites. The tensile strength increased marginally for composites with increasing amount of Cardolite NC‐514 but decreased for the composites containing Cardolite NC‐547. This was attributed to the lack of rotational motion in the chain due to close proximity of rigid phenyl rings in NC‐547. SEM of the cryo‐fractured surfaces of composites showed good compatibility between PPGEF and cardanol based flexibilizers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43318.