bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pore-Scale Mechanisms During Low Salinity Waterflooding: Water Diffusion and Osmosis for Oil Mobilization
Authors: Fredriksen Sunniva B. , Rognmo Arthur Uno , Fernø Martin A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This work study pore-level oil mobilization by water diffusion and osmosis during low salinity waterflooding using microscopic visualization in sandstone silicon-wafer micromodels. The twodimensional water-wet micromodels apply a high accuracy pore network with sharp edges and surface roughness to observe displacement processes during low salinity water injection. Residual and capillary trapped oil was mobilized when a salinity gradient between high-saline connate water in matrix and low salinity water flowing in an adjacent fracture was established. Transport of water by diffusion occurred through film-flow resulting in film-expansion and droplet growth along the water-wet grains. Water transport was also driven by osmosis due to the difference in chemical potential between the high and low-saline phases. The oil-phase acted as a semi-permeable membrane in presence of an osmotic gradient to transport low salinity water into high-saline water-in-oil emulsions. The identified pore-scale displacement mechanisms, observed using a controlled state-of-the-art experimental approach, contribute to the fundamental understanding of improved oil recovery during low salinity waterflooding.
Transport Properties of Functionalised Silica Nanoparticles in Porous Media
Authors: Najafiazar Bahador , Yang Juan , Simon Christian Rone , Karimov Fuad , Torsæter Ole , Holt Torleif 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Silica nanoparticles modified with a variety of chemical surface functionalities are interesting additives, which can bring enhanced properties such as increased sustainability, ductility and flexibility to polymer materials. These functional nanoparticles have already shown promising applications in paints, lacquers and coatings. By elaborating an appropriate surface functionalisation, silica nanoparticles can be adapted to the conditions in oil reservoirs, modify polymer transport, adjust their gelation behaviour and thus show a great potential for oil recovery processes.
The objectives of the present work are to investigate transport properties of functionalised silica nanoparticles and polymer in porous media by characterizing their stability, retention and other physical properties.
Transport properties of functionalised hybrid silica nanoparticles and polymer have been investigated through flooding experiments in two types of sandstones, high permeability Bentheimer and lower permeability Berea. The experiments were conducted at room temperature by use of 500 - 2000 ppm solutions of polymer and nanoparticles. Each experiment consisted of four stages; the active materials were injected at stages 1 and 3 whereas only brine was injected in stages 2 and 4. The polymer and the nanoparticles were quantified at the core outlet by inline viscosity measurements and by use of inline measurements of UV absorption or refractive index. The history of effluent concentrations was compared with un-retained flow by use of a conductivity contrast as tracer.
Mechanical entrapment, adsorption and inaccessible pore volume were estimated through analyses of component profiles and mass balance calculations. These quantities were generally found to be higher in Berea compared to Bentheimer, both for polymer and nanoparticles. Unlike polymer, nanoparticles appear to be transported through the entire pore space with low and partly reversible retention.
Early risk factors for posterior crossbite and anterior open bite in the primary dentition
Authors: Germa Alice , Clément Céline , Weissenbach Michel , Heude Barbara , Forhan Anne , Martin-Marchand Laetitia , Bonet Mercedes , Vital Sibylle , Kaminski Monique , Nabet Cathy 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate risk factors specific to posterior crossbite and anterior open bite at the age of 3 years.Materials and Methods: The study included 422 children of the French EDEN mother-child cohort. The main outcomes were the presence of posterior crossbite and anterior open bite assessed by dentists at 3 years. Social characteristics (collected during pregnancy), neonatal characteristics (collected at birth), duration of breast-feeding (collected prospectively), sucking habits at 3 years, and open lips (as a proxy for mouth breathing) were studied and two logistic regressions conducted.Results: Preterm birth appears to be a risk factor specific for posterior crossbite (OR: 3.13; 95% CI: 1.13–8.68), whereas small for gestational age seems to be associated with a lower risk of posterior crossbite (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.12–0.87). Ongoing pacifier or thumb sucking at 3 years is a risk factor for both posterior crossbite and anterior open bite.Conclusions: Children born preterm seem to be more at risk for posterior crossbite than those born at term. Different mechanisms may be involved in posterior crossbite and anterior open bite.
Dynamic Single-Leg Postural Control Is Impaired Bilaterally Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Implications for Reinjury Risk
Authors: Culvenor Adam G. , Alexander Bryce C. , Clark Ross A. , Collins Natalie J. , Ageberg Eva , Morris Hayden G. , Whitehead Timothy S. , Crossley Kay M. 
Published: March 2016

Study Design Cross-sectional, controlled laboratory study. Background Postural control following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) primarily has been investigated during static single-leg balance tasks. Little is known about dynamic postural control deficits post-ACLR. Objectives To compare dynamic postural control (bilaterally) in individuals who have undergone ACLR and in healthy controls, and to evaluate the relationship between dynamic postural control and self-reported and objective function. Methods Ninety-seven participants (66 male; median age, 28 years) 12 months post-ACLR and 48 healthy controls (20 male; median age, 30 years) underwent balance assessment using a Nintendo Wii Balance Board during a single-leg squat. Center-of-pressure (CoP) path velocity, as well as CoP amplitude and standard deviation, in both mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) directions were recorded. Self-reported function was assessed with the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (IKDC), while hop for distance was used to evaluate functional status. Results Compared to healthy controls, the ACLR group had greater mean CoP path velocity (16% higher, P = .004), ML range (23%, P<.001), ML SD (28%, P<.001), AP range (14%, P = .009), and AP SD (15%, P = .013), indicating worse dynamic balance post-ACLR. Dynamic balance performance was similar between the ACLR limb and the uninjured contralateral limb. The AP SD was weakly associated with hop performance (β = −.2, P = .046); no balance measures were associated with IKDC score. Conclusion Individuals who have undergone ACLR demonstrate impaired dynamic balance bilaterally when performing a single-leg squat, which may have implications for physical function and future injury risk. Routine dynamic balance assessment may help identify patients who could benefit from targeted neuromuscular training programs to improve objective function and potentially lower reinjury risk. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(5):357–364. Epub 21 Mar 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6305
Larval food plants of Australian Larentiinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) - a review of available data
Authors: Schmidt Olga 
Published: March 2016

In Australia, the subfamily Larentiinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) comprises over 45 genera with about 270 species described so far. However, life histories of the Australian larentiine moths have barely been studied.
The current paper presents a list of larval food plants of 51 Australian larentiine species based on literature references, data from specimen labels and own observations. Some Australian habitats are shown. Possible relationships among the taxa based on food preference of the larvae are discussed. Additionally, a list of Australasian larentiine species from the genera occurring in Australia and their food plants is presented.
Effect of Morphological Fin-Curl on the Swimming Performance and Station-Holding Ability of Juvenile Shovelnose Sturgeon
Authors: Deslauriers David , Johnston Ryan , Chipps Steven R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We assessed the effect of fin-curl on the swimming and station-holding ability of juvenile shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (mean fork length = 17 cm; mean weight = 16 g; n = 21) using a critical swimming speed test performed in a small swim chamber (90 L) at 20°C. We quantified fin-curl severity using the pectoral fin index. Results showed a positive relationship between pectoral fin index and critical swimming speed indicative of reduced swimming performance displayed by fish afflicted with a pectoral fin index &lt; 8%. Fin-curl severity, however, did not affect the station-holding ability of individual fish. Rather, fish affected with severe fin-curl were likely unable to use their pectoral fins to position their body adequately in the water column, which led to the early onset of fatigue. Results generated from this study should serve as an important consideration for future stocking practices.
Effects of Turbidity on Predation Vulnerability of Juvenile Humpback Chub to Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout
Authors: Ward David L. , Morton-Starner Rylan , Vaage Ben 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Predation on juvenile native fish by introduced rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta is considered a significant threat to the persistence of endangered humpback chub Gila cypha in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Diet studies of rainbow trout and brown trout in Glen and Grand canyons indicate that these species eat native fish, but impacts are difficult to assess because predation vulnerability is highly variable depending on the physical conditions under which the predation interactions take place. We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate how short-term predation vulnerability of juvenile humpback chub changes in response to changes in turbidity. In overnight laboratory trials, we exposed hatchery-reared juvenile humpback chub and bonytail Gila elegans (a surrogate for humpback chub) to adult rainbow trout and brown trout at turbidities ranging from 0 to 1,000 formazin nephlometric units. We found that turbidity as low as 25 formazin nephlometric units significantly reduced predation vulnerability of bonytail to rainbow trout and led to a 36% mean increase in survival (24–60%, 95% CI) compared to trials conducted in clear water. Predation vulnerability of bonytail to brown trout at 25 formazin nephlometric units also decreased with increasing turbidity and resulted in a 25% increase in survival on average (17–32%, 95% CI). Understanding the effects of predation by trout on endangered humpback chub is important when evaluating management options aimed at preservation of native fishes in Grand Canyon National Park. This research suggests that relatively small changes in turbidity may be sufficient to alter predation dynamics of trout on humpback chub in the mainstem Colorado River and that turbidity manipulation may warrant further investigation as a fisheries management tool.
Advanced Production System Management for Offshore Gas Condensate Field: Challenges and Successes
Authors: Fadel A. , Safwat H. , Dabbour M. , Belli A. , Darwish H. , Nagy M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to identify any current and future bottlenecks in the production system while honoring operational constraints on wells, production separators, pipelines, and total field gas/liquid processing capacity. It also concerns with identifying any flow assurance issues taking in consideration different field development scenarios for an offshore gas condensate field in the Mediterranean (Abu Qir Field). Liquid loading in gas wells occur when the gas flow rate falls below a critical rate due to reservoir depletion where the accompanying liquids cannot be lifted to surface. Such liquid accumulations at the wellbore can cause the gas well to cease production eventually. Severe slug flow (i.e., terrain-dominated slug flow) was studied. Severe slug flow is characterized by extremely long liquid slugs generated at the base of the vertical riser. This phenomenon occurs at low gas and liquid flow rates and for negative pipeline inclinations.
To evaluate future development options and to provide a monitoring tool and realistic results, a multi-disciplinary Petroleum Engineering study was carried out. Unknown reservoir parameters were estimated using the modern production data analysis method, which was also used as a reliable forecasting tool. Steady state multiphase flow simulator and the forecast from production data analysis and numerical reservoir simulator were used to identify any current and future bottlenecks and also optimize the production taking in considerations field's constraints. Transient multiphase flow simulator was used to identify and mitigate transient flow assurance issues i.e. liquid loading in gas wells and slugs in the pipelines. Other scenarios were also studied include: platform start-up and shutdown; production Ramp up due to the introduced platform; and Hydrates no show time due to any shutdown. This helped us to determine the proper design envelope of the new system.
This integrated workflow helped in optimizing the current operating conditions and decreasing field operating cost by increasing the current gas production rate by 6%. We managed to prevent the decline in reserves by more than 10% in the future caused by production system bottlenecks. Choke size for each well was identified honoring existing constrains (reservoir pressure, flow velocity limits, etc.) to increase field gas production. Outlet pressure of a surface network was maximized in order to minimize operational costs of gas processing while maintaining required gas production level. Different scenarios were carried out to come with procedures to prevent and mitigate production instabilities and also decreasing the deferred production.
This work can subsequently propose an integrated field management workflow on addressing various production issues especially in case of limited data availability and how different domains can co-operate to reach the optimum operating scenarios.
Hybrid Bit Produces Breakthrough Performance in Heterogeneous Formations in China
Authors: Miao S. , Blackman M. , Luo J. , Luo L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDuring the last seven years in the Changbei gas wells of China, operator utilized heavy-set roller-cone bits in the 8 ½-in.lateral wells because of the hardness and abrasiveness of the rocks. After the project moved from the southern to the northern part of the block, the formation became more heterogeneous, and the ROP of the roller-cone bits dropped 40% on average. This challenged the project economically because 60% of the operating time is spent drilling this interval.To improve performance in these wells, a hybrid bit combining PDC and roller-cone was proposed. The intention was to improve ROP through the hard-to-drill intervals in the northern block and reduce bit consumption. Claystone and other soft and plastically behaving rocks are drilled farther using PDC bits; hard and abrasive sandstone, meanwhile, are drilled farther using roller-cone bits.Field trials in Changbei gas wells were very successful. The client saved multiple standard Tungsten Carbide Insert (TCI) runs and drilled 100% farther, achieving a rate of penetration (ROP) two times faster than the best TCI bit run in the same well and area. Stable tool face control was also observed because of the lower torque fluctuations which enabled the operator to reduce the amount of time sliding by up to 15% versus using offset bits. The paper will present an analysis of the drilling data from the field and provide a detailed description of the application's achievement by comparing the performance of the roller-cone, PDC and hybrid bits.The paper will describe the planning and operational execution of drilling an 8½-in. horizontal lateral with a hybrid bit in a challenging application, and conclude with the technical and economic benefits and the potential of the new drill-bit technology.
Analytical Modeling of Nanofluid Injection to Improve the Performance of Low Salinity Water Flooding
Authors: Yuan Bin , Moghanloo Rouzbeh Ghanbarnezhad , Zheng Da 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Low salinity water (LSW) has been confirmed as an efficient improved oil recovery technique. Accompanying this technique, however, induced fines migration by chemical environments of low salinity has posed great challenges to well injectivity and productivity. It has been shown that nanoparticles can effectively enhance attractive forces between fine particles and grain surfaces through changing the surface zeta potentials of fine particles, and significantly mitigating formation damage caused by fine particles and clogging pore-throats. In practice, this paper not only provides an analytical model to confirm the feasibility of nanoparticle application to reduce fines migration, but also presents improvement analysis of LSW flooding performance with nanoparticles application.
The paper introduces an axisymmetric flow model and Method of Characteristic (MOC) to study the effects of nanofluid-slug preflush to improve the displacement performance of low salinity injections. The interplay among nanoparticles, fines, and rocks is described by a physical-chemical reaction model. The maximum retention concentration of fine particles is derived in two-phase flow. A new formulation for fraction flow function considering fines migration in water-phase is introduced. The semi-analytical solutions of low salinity water flooding without/with fines migration and nanofluid pre-treatment are derived and verified by numerical simulations.
The results indicate that: 1) as the low salinity water saturation increases, the detachment of fines attached on rock grains exaggerates. The majority of fines detachment and pressure loss occur in the region near the well; 2) the induced fines migration by low salinity water can delay the time of water breakthrough, and extend the duration of no-water production. However, fines migration can also lead to decline of well injectivity; 3) at the early life of water flooding (before water breakthrough), the recovery factor of conventional water flooding is larger than that of low salinity water flooding. At the late life (after breakthrough), the recovery factor of low salinity water flooding exceeds that of conventional water flooding; 4) nanofluid pre-treatment prior to the injection of low salinity water accelerate the breakthrough of injected water, and decrease the injection pressure drop to improve well injectivity. In this paper, the optimal nanofluid treatment range is 0.1, which takes advantages of low salinity water to enhance oil recovery, and prevent decline of well injectivity as well.
Self-Plugging Technology of Microcrack with Water in Cement Sheath
Authors: Bu Yuhuan , Liu Huajie 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Cement is the main material used to seal wells which are drilled for the production of oil and gas. However, many well operations could induce cement sheath to crack and hence, lose zonal isolation. The research objectives in this paper are designed to realize the application of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) in well cement to plug the microcrack.
Since SAP is highly reactive with water, if SAP is used directly, the cement slurry will have a too high viscosity for pumping in favorable conditions. Therefore, SAP microspheres which were coated were applied. The method of manufacturing quantitative microcrack was established by using the chisel and transparent plastic tube, and the self-designed instrument was taken to test the self-plugging performance of microcrack. Based on the percolation theory, the percolation analysis of microcrack plane flow was carried out. The distribution model of coated SAP microspheres in cement paste was established, which could ensure SAP microspheres exist in any microcrack plane.
Finally, the gypsum-chitosan-gypsum coated SAP is proposed. Microscopic analysis and percolation theory are combined to research the plugging microcrack mechanism. And according to the exact analytical solution of plane percolation threshold, the dosage threshold of coated SAP microspheres which can realize the self-plugging performance of microcrack is 28.40%. The cement slurry whose basic performance met the demand of cementing engineering was developed to test the self-plugging performance of microcrack with water, and the results show that when the dosage of coated SAP microspheres is higher than the threshold, microcrack could be plugged.
In this paper, the percolation theory was first used to design the cement slurry. The application of coated SAP can effectively seal the microcrack in cement sheath, which is of great significance to guarantee the long-term sealing performance of cement sheath.
Fracture Characterization in Basement Using the Latest Generation of LWD Sonic and Resistivity Image Logs
Authors: Dac The Nguyen , Thien Kim Nguyen P. , Le Duy Cao , Tuan Anh Truong , Dang Khoa Chau , Ahmed Aqil , Taesoo Kim , Rehman Sadu-ur , Thai Ha Phung , Anh Pho Le 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Today, fractured basement is becoming an important contributor to the petroleum industry. However, drilling into the granitic basement reservoir is challenging because of the severe shocks and vibrations and the high requirement for accurate detection of productive fractures. Logging-while-drilling (LWD) technology has quickly adapted to respond to these challenges. The development of new LWD sonic and electric image tools supports an integrated methodology for reservoir characterization and fluid identification, which are critical for success.
The new methodology takes advantage of the latest technology of LWD resistivity image logs and LWD sonic acquisition; the processed high-resolution resistivity images enable the identification of borehole breakouts, natural or induced fractures, vugs, and dips, and Stoneley measurements from the LWD sonic tool enable analysis of the producibility of fracture system with the sonic fracture technique. The integrated methodology combines the strength of the two independent methods to give a comprehensive characterization of the fracture systems.
Analysis from LWD sonic and resistivity images provide location and characters of faults or fractures (open/closed). Results from the analysis are also important input for the production and perforation planning. The case history in this paper shows excellent results from the integrated fracture evaluation with LWD sonic and resistivity image logs. In this case study, fracture database for well design and field development is updated with the result obtained from the well.
It is the first time of combining latest generation of LWD sonic and LWD resistivity imaging logs in Vietnam, essentially this sets a benchmark in the fractured basement characterization. Numerous basement reservoirs are present in Vietnam and worldwide. This advanced technology opens opportunities for fracture evaluation in basement reservoirs using LWD technology.