bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What information about donation after circulatory death is available on the Internet for potential donor families?
Authors: Black Kristin , Miller Katherine , Beck Gavin , Moser Michael 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study is to determine what information about donation after circulatory death (DCD) is available on the Internet and to document the common statements for and against DCD.MethodsThe search terms non‐heart‐beating donor, donation after cardiac death, DCD, deceased donor, organ donation, and organ harvesting were entered into the four most‐accessed English‐language Internet search engines. The top 10 webpages from each search (240 webpages) yielded 116 unique sites. Three reviewers reviewed each webpage and recorded statements for and against DCD as well as site type, tone, and mention of DCD.ResultsWhile 59 (50.9%) of the overall 116 sites included DCD information, only 10% of sites found with the term “organ donation” mentioned DCD at all. The sites that did include DCD were mostly (78%) of the type “medical journal” or “hospital or university webpage” and 89% of these had a positive or neutral tone. Nine positive and nine negative tropes were defined using the Grounded Theory Method.ConclusionThis study reveals the lack of information regarding DCD in organ donation webpages. Thoughtful responses to these statements should be considered in family discussions and in the design of future webpages.
Pancreatic cytology: standardised terminology and nomenclature
Authors: Perez‐Machado M. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPancreatic cytology can make a real difference to the management of patients. However it is a challenge in those cases where a definitive diagnosis of malignancy cannot be made with confidence. This creates the need for a unified terminology and nomenclature system that provides intra‐ and interdepartmental guidance for diagnosis. The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (PSC) has published new guidelines for pancreaticobiliary cytology, addressing indications, techniques, terminology and nomenclature, ancillary studies, and postprocedure management.
Linking Electronic Medical Records Use to Physicians’ Performance: A Contextual Analysis
Authors: Dobrzykowski David D. , Tarafdar Monideepa 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTElectronic Medical Records (EMR) studies have broadly tested EMR use and outcomes, producing mixed and inconclusive results. This study carefully considers the healthcare delivery context and examines relevant mediating variables. We consider key characteristics of: (i) interdependence in healthcare delivery processes, (ii) physician autonomy, and (iii) the trend of hospital employment of physicians, and draw on theoretical perspectives in coordination, shared values, and agency to explain how the use of EMR can improve physicians’ performance. In order to examine the effects of physician employment on work practices in the hospital, we collected 583 data points from 302 hospitals in 47 states in the USA to test two models: one for employed and another for nonemployed physicians. Results show that information sharing and shared values among healthcare delivery professionals fully mediate the relationship between EMR use and physicians’ performance. Next, physician employment determines which mediating variable constitutes the pathway from EMR use to physicians’ performance. Finally, we highlight the impact of shared values between the hospital and physicians in enhancing information sharing and physicians’ performance, extending studies of these behaviors among network partners in industrial settings. Overall, our study shows that EMR use should be complemented by processual (information sharing), social (shared values), and structural (physician employment) mechanisms to yield positive effects on physicians’ performance.
Sociology of the Veil in Saudi Arabia: Dress Code, Individual Choices, and Questions on Women's Empowerment
Authors: Quamar Md. Muddassir 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVeiling is commonly practiced in many Muslim societies, but its prevalence, and enforcement in Saudi Arabia is extraordinary. With changing status, Saudi women have started to defy the practice; and it is suggested that its enforcement has also become less frequent. In contemporary Saudi Arabia, many women, following the dress code of theabaya(black cloak) andhijab(head cover), have started to discard thenaqab(face veil). Does this indicate a widening of the margins so far as veiling is concerned? Or is it an indication that Saudi society is becoming amenable to individual choices? To conclude that veiling has become a matter of individual choice would stretch the point beyond fact, but suggesting diversity in veiling practice would not be wrong. Saudi women continue to face structural constraints and systemic discrimination, but their improving socioeconomic conditions have provided them the ability to choose the way they want to be dressed in public so far as the use of naqab is concerned. Though a minor development, contextualized in the larger discourse on women's empowerment, this is no small achievement and is indicative of ruptures in the established social norm of veiling.
Plant defense responses induced by Bemisia tabaci Middle East—Asia Minor 1 salivary components
Authors: Yan Ying , Zhang HaiJing , Yang YiTing , Zhang Yan , Guo JianYang , Liu WanXue , Wan FangHao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe in vivo effects of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Middle East—Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) saliva on the induced defense of tomato plants were examined. After infiltration of MEAM1 saliva into tomato leaves, qPCR analysis indicated strong local induction of salicylic acid (SA)‐responsive genes — salicylic acid induction deficient 2 (SID2) and β‐1,3‐glucanase (BGL2)— whereas pathogenesis‐related protein‐1 (PR1) showed strong induction both locally and systemically. The jasmonic acid (JA)‐responsive genes — omega‐3 fatty acid desaturase 3 (FAD3), lipoxygenase (LOX), and proteinase inhibitor II (PI‐II) — indicated moderate induction both locally and systemically. The activities of peroxidases and catalase were also induced both locally and systemically, whereas polyphenol oxidase and lipoxygenase were either transiently induced or unchanged. When either MEAM1 or AsiaII_3 whitefly adults were given access to leaves 2 h after saliva infiltration, the number of F1 progeny on the leaves on which the infiltration took place was significantly reduced for both. In contrast, when either MEAM1 or AsiaII_3 adults were given access to leaves 1 day after infiltration, the number of AsiaII_3 progeny was significantly reduced, whereas the number of MEAM1 progeny remained the same as the control. After 2 days, there was no significant difference for the infiltrated leaves for either species. In contrast, 2 h, 1 day, and 2 days after saliva infiltration, the number of F1 MEAM1 progeny on leaves where infiltration did not take place was the same as the controls, whereas the number of AsiaII_3 progeny was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the percentage of MEAM1 adults on leaves with high PR1 and BGL2 RNAs was significantly higher than the percentage of AsiaII_3 adults. Altogether, infiltration of MEAM1 saliva caused intense local defense, as well as moderate, but more persistent systemic defense. Both the SA and JA signaling pathways were regulated by MEAM1 salivary components, and were associated with asymmetric plant defense that favored MEAM1 over AsiaII_3.
Crop residue management and oxalate‐extractable iron and aluminium explain long‐term soil organic carbon sequestration and dynamics
Authors: Van De Vreken P. , Gobin A. , Baken S. , Van Holm L. , Verhasselt A. , Smolders E. , Merckx R. 
Published: May 2016

The management of crop residues affects carbon (C)‐sequestration. This study aimed to identify the interaction between residue management and soil properties on C‐sequestration. The hypothesis was that larger silt and clay contents and larger residue inputs enhance C‐sequestration. The soil was sampled in Belgium in long‐term (≥ 15 years) cropping systems with grain maize, Zea mays L. (all stover (leaves and stalks) returned), silage maize (all stover removed) or permanent grass. The fields sampled were distributed over two adjacent regions; one with sandy soil (33% silt + clay) and one with silty loam soil (71% silt + clay). The 13C abundance of the soil organic carbon (SOC) revealed that topsoil (0–30 cm) under grain maize contained more maize‐derived SOC than that under silage maize (14 ± 1 and 9 ± 1 Mg C ha−1, respectively, P < 0.001, in sand, and 17 ± 1 and 14 ± 1 Mg C ha−1, respectively, P < 0.001, in silty loam). Total SOC stocks were unaffected by crop management, however, which suggests substitution of native SOC by fresh SOC derived from residues, especially in sandy soil where the silt and clay fraction is saturated with SOC. The maize‐derived SOC stocks of the silty loam soil are 3.5–5.5 Mg C ha−1 larger than those of the sandy soil, which confirms the larger potential of the former to sequester C. Surprisingly, the native C3‐SOC stocks in the sandy soil were 25–30 Mg C ha−1 larger than those of the silty loam soil. The concentration of SOC in the silt and clay fraction was on average three times larger for the sandy than for the silty loam soil. The concentration of oxalate‐extractable Al and Fe in the same fraction was on average 2.5 times larger for sandy than for silty loam soil. Silt and clay‐associated SOC correlated with the Fe + Al concentration across all regions and treatments (R2 = 0.62). This suggests that organo‐mineral associations and the formation of organo‐metal complexes promote C‐sequestration in this temperate region.Highlights
Different factors affect carbon stocks under two contrasting soils and four cropping systems.
Returning maize residues promotes substitution of native soil organic carbon by maize‐derived carbon.
Organo‐mineral interactions in the silt and clay fraction enhance carbon sequestration.
The legacy of historical plaggen manuring has a strong effect on native soil carbon stocks.
Safety and tolerability of adjunctive brivaracetam as intravenous infusion or bolus in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Klein Pavel , Biton Victor , Dilley Deanne , Barnes Matthew , Schiemann Jimmy , Lu Sarah 
Published: May 2016

SummaryObjectivesAn intravenous (IV) formulation of brivaracetam (BRV), a selective, high‐affinity ligand for synaptic vesicle protein 2A, has been developed. We investigated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of adjunctive IV BRV administered as a bolus or infusion to adults with epilepsy.MethodsA phase III, multicenter, randomized, four‐arm, parallel‐group study (NCT01405508) of patients aged 16–70 years with focal or generalized epilepsy uncontrolled by 1–2 antiepileptic drugs was undertaken. The study comprised a 7‐day baseline period, a 7‐day double‐blind run‐in period (oral BRV 200 mg/day or placebo [PBO] twice daily [BID]), and 4.5‐day open‐label evaluation period (IV BRV 200 mg/day BID; 2‐min bolus or 15‐min infusion, total nine doses). Patients were randomized 1:1:1:1 PBO/BRV bolus; PBO/BRV infusion; BRV/BRV bolus; BRV/BRV infusion. Safety and tolerability were assessed using adverse events, electrocardiography, vital signs, and laboratory assessments. BRV plasma concentrations were measured before and 15 min after the first and last IV doses.ResultsOf the 105 patients randomized (53.3% women; 77.1% white; mean [standard deviation; SD] age 41.6 [12.2] years), 103 (98.1%) completed the study. Treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE) incidence during IV BRV was similar whether IV BRV was initiated first (70.6%) or followed oral BRV (66.0%), and whether it was administered as a bolus (71.2%) or infusion (65.4%). Injection‐related TEAEs were reported by 9.6% of patients following bolus and 11.5% following infusion. No serious TEAEs were reported. IV BRV plasma concentrations were higher after the first dose in the conversion groups than initiation groups, and slightly higher in the bolus arm than the infusion arm; concentrations were similar in all patients after the last IV dose.SignificanceIV BRV was generally well tolerated, with similar tolerability as a bolus or infusion and independent of de novo administration or as conversion from oral BRV tablets. IV BRV may be an option for patients who are unable to receive oral BRV.
High‐frequency brain networks undergo modular breakdown during epileptic seizures
Authors: Fuertinger Stefan , Simonyan Kristina , Sperling Michael R. , Sharan Ashwini D. , Hamzei‐Sichani Farid 
Published: May 2016

SummaryObjectiveCortical high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs; 100–500 Hz) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy; however, whether they represent a true epileptogenic process remains largely unknown. HFOs have been recorded in the human cortex but their network dynamics during the transitional period from interictal to ictal phase remain largely unknown. We sought to determine the high‐frequency network dynamics of these oscillations in patients with epilepsy who were undergoing intracranial electroencephalographic recording for seizure localization.MethodsWe applied a graph theoretical analysis framework to high‐resolution intracranial electroencephalographic recordings of 24 interictal and 24 seizure periods to identify the spatiotemporal evolution of community structure of high‐frequency cortical networks at rest and during multiple seizure episodes in patients with intractable epilepsy.ResultsCortical networks at all examined frequencies showed temporally stable community architecture in all 24 interictal periods. During seizure periods, high‐frequency networks showed a significant breakdown of their community structure, which was characterized by the emergence of numerous small nodal communities, not limited to seizure foci and encompassing the entire recorded network. Such network disorganization was observed on average 225 s before the electrographic seizure onset and extended on average 190 s after termination of the seizure. Gamma networks were characterized by stable community dynamics during resting and seizure periods.SignificanceOur findings suggest that the modular breakdown of high‐frequency cortical networks represents a distinct functional pathology that underlies epileptogenesis and corresponds to a cortical state of highest propensity to generate seizures.
Historical Oppression and Indigenous Families: Uncovering Potential Risk Factors for Indigenous Families Touched by Violence
Authors: Burnette Catherine E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractViolence against Indigenous women in the United States is higher than for any other racial group. Indigenous women tend to rely on families for support and recovery, yet the risk factors related to Indigenous families affected by violence are unknown. Therefore, interviews from a critical ethnography were used to uncover the perspectives of Indigenous women who have experienced intimate partner violence, along with the professionals who serve them, to understand potential risk factors that create vulnerability to and impair recovery from violence. Several themes emerged from pragmatic horizon analysis of interviews with 49 Indigenous women and professionals who work with tribal members affected by violence, including family divisions and parental impairments (i.e., intergenerational patterns of absent parental figures, parental alcohol abuse, and impaired bonding). Future research should examine these potential risk factors related to families affected by violence and their connections with historical oppression.
Patterns of Enrollment and Engagement of Custodial Grandmothers in a Randomized Clinical Trial of Psychoeducational Interventions
Authors: Smith Gregory C. , Strieder Frederick , Greenberg Patty , Hayslip Bert , Montoro‐Rodriguez Julian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAndersen's (2008) behavior model was used to investigate patterns of enrollment and treatment engagement among 343 custodial grandmothers who participated in a randomized clinical trial of three psychosocial interventions:(a) a behavioral parenting program, (b) a cognitive behavioral coping program, or (c) an information‐only condition. Treatment completion was superior to that typically found with birth parents, even though the grandmothers and their target grandchildren both had high levels of mental and physical health challenges. Compliance did not differ significantly by condition but was higher among grandmothers who self‐reported less positive affect, were older, and were using mental health professionals. Treatment satisfaction was highest in grandmothers who attended more treatment sessions, reported lower annual family income, had a health problem, and were using mental health professionals. The practice and policy implications of these findings are discussed, especially in terms of strategies for enhancing the engagement of custodial grandfamilies in future psychoeducational interventions.
Effects of home‐based exercise and branched‐chain amino acid supplementation on aerobic capacity and glycemic control in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Nishida Yuichiro , Ide Yasushi , Okada Michiaki , Otsuka Taiga , Eguchi Yuichiro , Ozaki Iwata , Tanaka Keitaro , Mizuta Toshihiko 
Published: May 2016

AimThe aim of the current study is to examine whether home‐based step exercise at anaerobic threshold (AT) and branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation improve aerobic capacity, ectopic fat in liver and muscle, and glycemic control in patients with liver cirrhosis.MethodsSix female patients with compensated liver cirrhosis received oral BCAA and were instructed to undertake bench step exercises at an intensity that corresponded to AT, with a goal of performing 140 min of exercise per week at home for 12 months. Fat deposition in liver (liver to spleen ratio) and intramuscular adipose tissue content were assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months by computed tomography. Glycemic control indices (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], glycated albumin [GA] and chronic liver disease [CLD]‐HbA1c [average of HbA1c and GA/3]) were also measured.ResultsTwelve months of moderate training significantly increased AT, which is an index of aerobic capacity, but no changes were observed in body weight, liver to spleen ratio, or intramuscular adipose tissue content. Glycated albumin significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and there tended to be a similar decrease in CLD‐HbA1c (P < 0.1) after the exercise. The baseline serum triglyceride level correlated with changes in GA (P < 0.01) and CLD‐HbA1c (P < 0.1).ConclusionThe current results suggest that the combination of home‐based step exercise at AT and BCAA supplementation enhances aerobic capacity and potentially improves glycemic control in patients with cirrhosis without changes in body weight. The baseline serum serum triglyceride may partially explain the degree of improvement in glycemic control with exercise and BCAA intervention.
Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Alleviating Salinity Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grown Under Ambient and Elevated CO2
Authors: Zhu X. , Song F. , Liu S. , Liu F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPlant growth and development are influenced by future elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and increased salinity stress. AM (arbuscular mycorrhiza) symbiosis has been shown to improve plant growth and resistance to environmental stresses. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of AM fungus in alleviating salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants grown under ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations. Wheat plants inoculated or not inoculated with AM fungus were grown in two glasshouses with different CO2 concentrations (400 and 700 μmol l−1) and salinity levels (0, 9.5 and 19.0 dS m−1). Results showed that salinity stress decreased and elevated CO2 increased AM colonization. AM inoculation increased plant dry weight under elevated CO2 and salinity stress. Stomatal conductance, density, size and aperture of AM plants were greater than non‐AM plants. AM fungi enhanced NUE by altering plant C assimilation and N uptake. AM plants had higher soluble sugar concentration and [K+]: [Na+] ratio compared with non‐AM plants. It is concluded that AM symbiosis improves wheat plant growth at vegetative stages through increasing stomatal conductance, enhancing NUE, accumulating soluble sugar, and improving ion homeostasis in wheat plants grown at elevated CO2 and salinity stress.
Patients' assessment of quality of care in public tertiary hospitals with and without accreditation: comparative cross‐sectional study
Authors: Aboshaiqah Ahmad E. , Alonazi Wadi B. , Patalagsa Joel Gonzales 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo compare patients’ assessment of quality of care provided by public tertiary hospitals grouped according to accreditation status.BackgroundHealthcare institutions worldwide are increasingly adopting accreditation as continuing initiative aimed at improving structures, processes and outcomes associated with quality of care. Patients being recipients of health care need to participate in assessing the quality of care they experienced while confined for therapeutic management.DesignComparative, cross‐sectional.MethodData were collected from patients confined in public tertiary hospitals (n = 517 in four with accreditation and n = 542 in four without accreditation) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between February 2011–June 2011. Patients rated key performance indicators grouped under the dimensions of structure, process and outcome. Mann–Whitney U‐test, Spearman Correlation Coefficient and coefficient of determination were used in analysing data.ResultsPatients in accredited public tertiary hospitals perceived structure, outcome and overall quality of care statistically higher than patients in non‐accredited hospitals. No statistical differences were found in process (access and communication) indicators. Accreditation status is marginally associated with structure; outcome; and overall quality of care. The proportion of variance in the ranks of accreditation status explained the proportion of variance in the ranks of structure; outcome; and overall quality of care.ConclusionThe results apparently showed better structure, outcome and overall quality of care in accredited hospitals. Accreditation's association in the overall quality of care apparently remained unclear. Further studies are needed to appreciate the contribution of accreditation.
Retracted: MicroRNA‑224 promotes the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin by targeting Rac1
Authors: Geng Shuo , Gu Lina , Ju Fang , Zhang Hepeng , Wang Yiwen , Tang Han , Bi ZhengGang , Yang Chenglin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumour in children and adolescents. Accumulating evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the development of almost all types of cancer. Here, we investigated the role of miR‐224 in the development and progression of osteosarcoma. We demonstrated that miR‐224 was down‐regulated in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues. Lower miR‐224 levels were correlated with shorter survivalin osteosarcoma patients. Furthermore, overexpression of miR‐224 suppressed osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion and contributed to the increased sensitivity of MG‐63 cells to cisplatin. We identified Rac1 as a direct target gene of miR‐224 in osteosarcoma. Rac1 expression was up‐regulated in the osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues, and there was an inverse correlation between Rac1 and miR‐224 expression in osteosarcoma tissues. Furthermore, rescuing Rac1 expression decreased the sensitivity of miR‐224‐overexpressing MG‐63 cells to cisplatin. We also demonstrated that ectopic expression of Rac1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of miR‐224‐overexpressing MG‐63 cells. These data suggest that miR‐224 plays a tumour suppressor role in the development of osteosarcoma and is related to the sensitivity of osteosarcoma to cisplatin.