bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nontraumatic Intradiploic Epidermoid Cyst and Older Age: Association or Causality?
Authors: Turk Okan , Ozdemir Nuriye Guzin , Demirel Nail , Atci Ibrahim Burak , Kanat Ayhan , Yolas Coskun 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Intradiploic epidermoid cysts (IEC) are rare, benign lesions derived from ectodermal remnants during neural tube closure. Their origin is still debated or unknown.

Objective:
Analyzing of the patients with intradiploic epidermoid cysts operated in the authors’ department.

Methods:
The patients with IEC who were operated in the authors’ department between January 2014 and December 2015 were investigated from data file.

Results:
Six patients with IEC were found, reviewed the literature, and noted that these cysts usually occur in adults. There are only 3 young cases that occurred after head injury.

Conclusion:
It was shown that the nontraumatic IEC are more frequent in older ages. In youngs, it can generally be embryologic or rarely of mechanical origin following trauma. Cranial trauma may be important for developing of IEC. Trauma may lead to inclusion of epidermal cells into the diploe of the skull and may be a reason of intradiploic epidermoid cyst in older age. The effect of older age, and gender difference on occurrence should be investigated.
The Elution Kinetics of BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7 From a Commercial Human Demineralized Bone Matrix Putty
Authors: Pietrzak William S. , Ali Saba N. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are associated with bone extracellular matrix and impart osteoinductive properties to demineralized bone matrix (DBM) grafts. The first step of the osteoinductive process is BMP release from DBM in situ; however, this has not been characterized for human DBM. The authors investigated the release of BMPs 2, 4, and 7 from a clinical human DBM putty (Bonus II DBM, Biomet Inc, Warsaw, IN). The DBM was placed in Sorensen buffer and the BMP concentrations in the Sorensen buffer and guanidine extracts of the DBM were measured concurrently by enzymelinked immunosorbant assay for up to 7 days. The baseline DBM concentrations were BMP-2: 28.1 ± 1.3 ng/g DBM, BMP-4: 0.577 ± 0.056 ng/g DBM, and BMP-7: 92.9 ± 7.5 ng/g DBM. Relative to baseline, the proportions released by 7 days were 11.1%, 3.9%, and 29.3%, respectively. The early (0–8 hour) and late (8–168 hours) elution rates were BMP-2: 0.16 ± 0.24 and 0.0089 ± 0.012 ng/(g DBM hr), and BMP-7: 1.29 ± 2.1 and 0.086 ± 0.039 ng/(g DBM hr), respectively. Little BMP-4 elution occurred over the first 24 hours, with the rate for the remaining interval being 0.00014 ± 0.00021 ng/(g DBM hr). The apparent DBM BMP profiles were counterintuitive in that the concentrations increased from baseline for some, or all, of the 7 days instead of monotonically decreasing. Similar behavior has previously been reported in bovine studies. This provides further evidence that BMPs are associated with at least 2 compartments in DBM differing by their affinity for BMPs and that guanidine extraction of BMPs is not 100% efficient.
Bilateral Submental Flap: An Innovative Modification
Authors: Gadre Kiran , Gadre Pushkar , Singh Divya , Shetty Anushri , Malu Ankit 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Early management of premalignant lesions like oral submucous fibrosis cannot be underestimated in context of prevention and control of oral malignancies. Soft tissue reconstruction of the oral cavity and face is a complex undertaking. Several flaps local and distant as well as microvascular are available, each with their pros and cons. Microvascular free flaps lay a considerable burden on resources, expertise, increased operating time, and logistics. Simple and technically reproducible alternatives are needed to tackle these issues, more so in developing countries like ours. Submental flap is based on a large branch of the facial artery and was initially described in 1993 by Martin et al as an excellent option in head and neck reconstruction. We describe innovative modification of the submental flap based on concept of bilateral presence of facial and submental vasculature and thus can be used for bilateral cheek reconstruction. We use pedicled bilateral submental flap (BSF) by dividing the oval skin paddle obliquely, maintaining needed length. The best use of the BSF is in reconstruction of cheek defect, after surgical release of grade IV oral submucous fibrosis, a debilitating affliction commonly affecting young productive adults and seen in Indian subcontinent. The technique was used successfully in 20cases with minor complications.
Inflammatory Urinary Cytokine Expression and Quality of Life in Patients With Overactive Bladder
Authors: Pillalamarri Nirmala , Shalom Dara F. , Pilkinton Marjorie L. , Winkler Harvey A. , Chatterjee Prodyot K. , Solanki Malvika , Metz Christine N. 
Published: September 2017

Objective
The aims of this study were to analyze levels of selected inflammatory urinary cytokines/chemokines in subjects with overactive bladder (OAB) and to determine if cytokine/chemokine levels correlate with quality of life and symptom distress.

Methods
This prospective, case-control pilot analysis included 23 women with OAB and 22 control subjects. Overactive bladder subjects were enrolled if they had symptoms of urinary frequency, urgency, or urge incontinence for more than 3 months and urodynamic evidence of detrusor overactivity. Control subjects denied urinary symptoms. Subjects and control subjects were excluded if they had known inflammatory bladder or systemic conditions, cystitis, stones, or recent anticholinergic use. Urine samples were collected from each subject and control. Subjects filled out the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Urinary Distress Inventory Questionnaire 6. Cytokine/chemokine levels were determined using the multiplexed Meso Scale Discovery Platform and were corrected for urinary creatinine concentrations. Statistical analysis comparing cytokine/chemokine levels was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test; relationships between cytokine/chemokine and questionnaire scores were calculated with Spearman correlation coefficient.

Results
Subjects with OAB had significantly lower urinary interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-12-p70, and IL-13 levels compared with control subjects. Interleukin 1 correlated with worsening symptom distress on Urinary Distress Inventory Questionnaire 6.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is at present the only study correlating inflammatory cytokine/chemokine levels in women with OAB with quality of life and distress. Interleukin 1 signified worsening distress, whereas IL-10, IL-12p70, and IL-13 were the only cytokines found at different levels in subjects. Our findings support a larger study in order to evaluate the value of urinary cytokines/chemokines as potential biomarkers.
Expedited Assessment of Terrestrial Arthropod Diversity by Coupling Malaise Traps with DNA Barcoding
Authors: deWaard JR , Levesque-Beaudin V , deWaard SL , Ivanova NV , McKeown JTA , Miskie R , Naik S , Perez K , Ratnasingham S , Sobel CN , Sones JE , Steinke C , Telfer AC , Young AD , Young MR , Zakharov EV , Hebert PDN 
Published: September 2017

SummaryMonitoring changes in terrestrial arthropod communities over space and time requires a dramatic increase in the speed and accuracy of processing samples that cannot be achieved with morphological approaches.The combination of DNA barcoding and Malaise traps allows expedited, comprehensive inventories of species abundance whose cost will rapidly decline as high-throughput sequencing technologies advance.Aside from detailing protocols from specimen sorting to data release, this paper describes their use in a survey of arthropod diversity in a national park that examined 20,000 specimens representing 2200 species.These protocols can support arthropod monitoring programs at regional, national, and continental scales.
Synaptic co-transmission of acetylcholine and GABA regulates hippocampal states
Authors: Takács Virág T. , Cserép Csaba , Schlingloff Dániel , Pósfai Balázs , Szőnyi András , Sos Katalin E. , Környei Zsuzsanna , Dénes Ádám , Gulyás Attila I. , Freund Tamás F. , Nyiri Gábor 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe basal forebrain cholinergic system is widely assumed to control cortical functions via non-synaptic transmission of a single neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. Yet, using immune-electron tomographic, molecular anatomical, optogenetic and physiological techniques, we find that mouse hippocampal cholinergic terminals invariably establish synapses and their vesicles dock at synapses only. We demonstrate that these synapses do not co-release but co-transmit GABA and acetylcholine via different vesicles, whose release is triggered by distinct calcium channels. This co-transmission evokes fast composite postsynaptic potentials, which are mutually cross-regulated by presynaptic auto-receptors and display different short-term plasticity. The GABAergic component alone effectively suppresses hippocampal sharp wave-ripples and epileptiform activity. The synaptic nature of the forebrain cholinergic system with differentially regulated, fast, GABAergic and cholinergic co-transmission suggests a hitherto unrecognized level of synaptic control over cortical states. This novel model of hippocampal cholinergic neurotransmission could form the basis for alternative pharmacotherapies after cholinergic deinnervation seen in neurodegenerative disorders.Supplementary materials are attached after the main text.
The importance of geometry in the corneal micropocket angiogenesis assay
Authors: Grogan James A. , Connor Anthony J. , Pitt-Francis Joe M. , Maini Philip K. , Byrne Helen M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe corneal micropocket angiogenesis assay is an experimental protocol for studying vessel network formation, or neovascularization,in vivo. The assay is attractive due to the ease with which the developing vessel network can be observed in the same animal over time. Measurements from the assay have been used in combination with mathematical modeling to gain insights into the mechanisms of angiogenesis. While previous modeling studies have adopted planar domains to represent the assay, the hemispherical shape of the cornea and asymmetric positioning of the angiogenic source can be seen to affect vascular patterning in experimental images. As such, we aim to better understand: i) how the geometry of the assay influences vessel network formation and ii) how to relate observations from planar domains to those in the hemispherical cornea. To do so, we develop a three-dimensional, off-lattice mathematical model of neovascularization in the cornea, using a spatially resolved representation of the assay for the first time. Relative to the detailed model, we predict that the adoption of planar geometries has a noticeable impact on vascular patterning, leading to increased vessel ‘merging’, or anastomosis, in particular when circular geometries are adopted. Significant differences in the dynamics of diffusible aniogenesis simulators are also predicted between different domains. In terms of comparing predictions across domains, the ‘distance of the vascular front to the limbus’ metric is found to have low sensitivity to domain choice, while metrics such as densities of tip cells and vessels and ‘vascularized fraction’ are sensitive to domain choice. Given the widespread adoption and attractive simplicity of planar tissue domains, bothin silicoandin vitro, the differences identified in the present study should prove useful in relating the results of previous and future theoretical studies of neovascularization toin vivoobservations in the cornea.Author summaryNeovascularization, or the formation of new blood vessels, is an important process in development, wound healing and cancer. The corneal micropocket assay is used to better understand the process and, in the case of cancer, how it can be controlled with drug therapies for improved patient outcomes. In the assay, the hemispherical shape of the cornea can influence the way the vessel network forms. This makes it difficult to directly compare results from experiments with the predictions of mathematical models or cell culture experiments, which are typically performed on flat substrates or planar matrices. In this study, we use mathematical modeling to investigate how the hemispherical shape of the cornea affects vessel formation and to identify how sensitive different measurements of neovascularization are to geometry.
Persistent increases of PKMζ in sensorimotor cortex maintain procedural long-term memory storage
Authors: Gao Peng P. , Goodman Jeffrey H. , Sacktor Todd C. , Francis Joseph T. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryProcedural memories, such as for riding a bicycle, can be maintained without practice for long periods of time and are thought to be supported by the persistent reorganization of sensorimotor cortices (S1/M1). Whereas enhanced synaptic strength and structural changes accompany the learning of motor tasks, the persistent molecular modifications that store long-term procedural memories within specific layers of sensorimotor cortex have not been identified. The persistent increase in the autonomously active, atypical PKC isoform, PKMζ, is a putative molecular mechanism for maintaining enhanced synaptic strength during long-term potentiation (LTP) and several forms of long-term memory. Here we examine whether persistent increases in PKMζ store long-term memory for a reaching task in rat sensorimotor cortex that could reveal the sites of procedural memory storage. Perturbing PKMζ synthesis with PKMζ -antisense oligodeoxynucleotides or blocking atypical PKC activity with zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP) in S1/M1 disrupts and erases the maintenance of long-term motor memories. Only memories that are maintained without daily reinforcement are affected, indicating atypical PKCs (via ZIP) and PKMζ specifically (via antisense) stores consolidated long-term procedural memories. Analysis of changes in the amount of PKMζ in S1/M1 reveals PKMζ increases in layers II/III and V of both S1 and M1 cortices as performance improves to an asymptote during training. After storage for 1 month without reinforcement, the increase in M1 layer V but not other layers persists without decrement. Thus, the sustained increases in PKMζ reveal that the persistent molecular changes storing long-term procedural memory are localized to the descending output layer of primary motor cortex.
Sepsis: Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) suggests a critical role for anti-inflammatory responses in clinical severity
Authors: Mukherjee Ratnadeep , Kanti Barman Pijus , Thatoi Pravat , Kumar Prusty Birendra , Tripathy Rina , Kumar Das Bidyut , Ravindran Balachandran 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgorundDespite major advances in medicine, Sepsis remains one of the major killers in critical care wards around the world. For several years it was widely believed that an early pro-inflammatory host response is followed by an overwhelming anti-inflammatory phase. The hypo-inflammatory status, termed as ‘Compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome’ (CARS), was proposed to be the primary cause of sepsis-associated mortality. However, this paradiam changed in recent years since there was little evidence to support the linear model of host response and pathogenesis in sepsis. Currently held view is that both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory host responses are stimulated in an overlapping manner. In this study a robust statistical model to study the complex interplay of host cytokines in human sepsis has been developed to evaluate host responses in sepsis that contribute significantly to clinical pathology.MethodsTwentyseven cytokines/ chemokines were quantified in 139 sepsis patients and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed to assess differences in host responses in different categories of clinical severity. Partial least squares regression based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to assess interactions between different groups of cytokines and their contribution to clinical pathology. An array of 23 cytokines was analysed in a mouse model of endotoxemia and a similar mathematical model was constructed.ResultsThe results of MANOVA demonstrated the ability of combined cytokine response to discriminate sepsis patients according to clinical severity or outcome. Structural equation modelling revealed strong positive association between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In human sepsis, anti-inflammatory cytokines emerged as a significant entity associated with clinical severity as assessed by APACHE II scores.ConclusionPLS-SEM modeling of cytokine responses and APACHE II score in human sepsis revealed that anti-inflammatory molecules contribute significantly towards clinical severity. More critically, the model offers emperical evidence for failures of clinical trials conducted during the last two decades in which antagonists of inflammatory host responses for human Sepsis were used for sepsis. The model also provides credence to the notion that inflammatory and anti-inflammatory host responses occur concurrently in both experimental endotoxemia and in human sepsis.
Dephosphorylation of the NPR2 guanylyl cyclase contributes to inhibition of bone growth by fibroblast growth factor
Authors: Shuhaibar Leia C. , Robinson Jerid W. , Shuhaibar Ninna P. , Egbert Jeremy R. , Vigone Giulia , Baena Valentina , Kaback Deborah , Yee Siu-Pok , Feil Robert , Fisher Melanie C. , Dealy Caroline N. , Potter Lincoln R. , Jaffe Laurinda A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractActivating mutations in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 3 and inactivating mutations in the NPR2 guanylyl cyclase cause similar forms of dwarfism, but how these two signaling systems interact to regulate bone growth is poorly understood. Here, by use of a mouse model in which NPR2 cannot be dephosphorylated, we show that bone elongation is opposed when NPR2 is dephosphorylated and thus produces less cyclic GMP. By developing an in vivo imaging system to measure cyclic GMP levels in intact tibia, we show that FGF-induced dephosphorylation of NPR2 decreases its guanylyl cyclase activity in growth plate chondrocytes in living bone. Thus FGF signaling lowers cyclic GMP in the growth plate, which counteracts bone elongation. These results define a new component of the signaling network by which activating mutations in the FGF receptor inhibit bone growth.
Conversion during laparoscopic anterior resection for rectal cancer with a congenital solitary pelvic kidney: A case report
Authors: Takeda Koki , Matsuda Chu , Takahashi Hidekazu , Haraguchi Naotsugu , Nishimura Junichi , Hata Taishi , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA 54‐year‐old female patient was hospitalized with a chief complaint of anal discomfort. Based on biopsy results, she was diagnosed with highly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and colonoscopy findings indicated a type 3 rectal tumor. We observed a right pelvic kidney on enhanced abdominal CT. We began a laparoscopic operation but converted to an open operation after resecting the right pelvic renal artery by mistake. After low anterior resection, urologists performed angioplasty of the right renal pelvic artery. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 16, after the preservation of right renal function had been confirmed. This case strongly suggests that it is important to understand the positional relationship of the inferior mesenteric and renal arteries by preoperative assessment using either 3‐D CT angiography or magnetic resonance angiography.
Age‐specific incidence and treatment patterns of head and neck cancer in the Netherlands—A cohort study
Authors: Halmos G.B. , Bras L. , Siesling S. , van der Laan B.F.A.M. , Langendijk J.A. , van Dijk B.A.C. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo explore the incidence and treatment pattern of head and neck cancer in different age groups.DesignCohort study.SettingNetherlands Cancer Registry.ParticipantsAll new primary head and neck cancer cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 were included and categorised into different age groups.Main outcome measuresTumour site, stage, treatment modality, location of diagnosis and treatment.ResultsThe study population was composed of 11 558 tumours. Oral cancer was the most common primary site (31%), followed by laryngeal (25%) and oropharyngeal cancer (22%). Ninety‐six per cent of the entire study population was diagnosed and/or treated in a certified head and neck oncology centre which was lower in the 80+ population (92%). Multimodality treatment was less frequently applied with increasing age (eg oral cavity: 17% in 80+ vs 34% in 60−; P < .001). The percentage of patients not receiving tumour‐directed treatment increased with age (eg oropharyngeal cancer: 25% in 80+ vs 6% in 80−; P < .001).ConclusionsThis study confirms that less multimodal and tumour‐directed treatment is applied with the increasing age of head and neck cancer patients.
Prognostic impact of pre‐treatment neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective study of 180 Taiwanese patients
Authors: Liao L.‐J. , Hsu W.‐L. , Wang C.‐T. , Lo W.‐C. , Cheng P.‐W. , Shueng P.‐W. , Hsieh C.‐H. , Chiu Y.‐L. , Lin Y.‐C. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesNasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is an endemic disease in Taiwan. Prognostic factors the anatomical TNM stage are important for its prognostic stratification. An elevated neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in various solid tumours. In this study, we analysed the prognostic impact of the NLR in NPC in Taiwan.DesignSingle‐institution retrospective study.SettingMedical centre.ParticipantsOne hundred and eighty patients with NPC treated at the Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, from January 2007 to December 2013.Main outcome measuresThe association between the clinical or haematological presentations and the prognosis.ResultsThe majority of the 180 patients included in this study were men (80%) and were <65 years old (91.7%). A neck mass (55.6%) was the most common clinical presentation, followed by nasal (39.4%) and aural (30.6%) symptoms. In addition, the majority (75.4%) of patients had advanced stage (III and IV) disease. Patients with a high NLR (≧3.6) had significantly lower progression‐free survival, overall survival and disease‐specific survival rates. The association between high NLR and poor prognosis was more pronounced in patients with advanced disease than in those with early‐stage NPC. The results of a multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age, clinical symptoms including headache, diplopia and facial numbness, advanced disease stage, and high NLR were independent prognostic factors.ConclusionA high NLR is an independent poor prognostic factor of NPC in Taiwan.