bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major improvement of altimetry sea level estimations using pressure-derived corrections based on ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis
Authors: Carrere Loren , Faugère Yannice , Ablain Michaël 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The new dynamic atmospheric correction (DAC) and dry tropospheric (DT) correction derived from the ERA-Interim meteorological reanalysis have been computed for the 1992–2013 altimeter period. Using these new corrections significantly improves sea level estimations for short temporal signals (< 2 months); the impact is stronger if considering old altimeter missions (ERS-1, ERS-2, and Topex/Poseidon), for which DAC_ERA (DAC derived from ERA-Interim meteorological reanalysis) allows reduction of the along-track altimeter sea surface height (SSH) error by more than 3 cm in the Southern Ocean and in some shallow water regions. The impact of DT_ERA (DT derived from ERA-Interim meteorological reanalysis) is also significant in the southern high latitudes for these missions. Concerning more recent missions (Jason-1, Jason-2, and Envisat), results are very similar between ERA-Interim and ECMWF-based corrections: on average for the global ocean, the operational DAC becomes slightly better than DAC_ERA only from the year 2006, likely due to the switch of the operational forcing to a higher spatial resolution. At regional scale, both DACs are similar in the deep ocean but DAC_ERA raises the residual crossovers' variance in some shallow water regions, indicating a slight degradation in the most recent years of the study. In the second decade of altimetry, unexpectedly DT_ERA still gives better results compared to the operational DT. Concerning climate signals, both DAC_ERA and DT_ERA have a low impact on global mean sea level rise (MSL) trends, but they can have a strong impact on long-term regional trends' estimation, up to several millimeters per year locally.
“Hard Skies” and Bottomless Questions: Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God and Epistemological “Opacity” in Black Religious Experience
Authors: Harvey Marcus 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Approaching Zora Neale Hurston as both a littérateur and cultural theorist who challenges conventional methodological and discursive boundaries, this article investigates her famous novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. Drawing on Charles Long's category of “opacity” as a crucial factor in the dynamics of Black religious experience, I contend that the value of Their Eyes Were Watching God extends beyond the domain of literary theory into the domain of religious theory. More specifically, a close reading of certain passages in the novel signals disruptive wonderment and sacred silence as two motifs underscoring the integral status of epistemological opacity in Black religious experience. Further, the way the novel encodes these two motifs suggests the phenomenological receptivity of Black religious experience to spiritually based African and African-derived epistemological repertoires originating outside the Judeo-Christian tradition that construct reality independently.
Illuminating the Legacy of Zora Neale Hurston: Visionary, Architect, and Anthropologist of Africana Religious Subjectivities
Authors: Burnett Diana 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Zora Neale Hurston's legacy as an anthropologist lies in the corpus and methodology of her research on Africana religions. Hurston's attention to Africana religious subjectivities highlights the methodological challenges of employing anthropology as a discipline to study Africana religious subjectivities. In this article, I will focus specifically on (1) the difficulties of working with and in a colonial discipline to produce knowledge, (2) the navigation of insider/outsider status in Africana religious communities, and (3) the expectation of reporting findings to academic and state institutions. I will argue that Hurston's work on Africana religions pioneered the future direction of the field. Through a deep interrogation of Hurston's work in Tell My Horse, The Sanctified Church, and Mules and Men, we witness her dexterity as a transnational ethnographer, using transdiscplinary registers to foreground critical analytical, contextual, and methodological epistemologies by which to approach the study of Africana religious subjectivities.
Preacherly Texts: Zora Neale Hurston and the Homiletics of Literature
Authors: Harriss M. Cooper 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Zora Neale Hurston called African American preachers “the first artists” and understood their sermons as foundational to Black expressive culture. This essay reads closely in Hurston's anthropological writing on preachers and preaching (especially in “The Sanctified Church” and Mules and Men) to codify certain semiotic principles of preaching that then provide a critical lens for discerning “preacherly” elements of three novels by Hurston: Jonah's Gourd Vine, Their Eyes Were Watching God, and Moses, Man of the Mountain. Rather than a simple textualization of oral craft, Hurston's novels reflect (diversely, and with varying degrees of success) complex “transcultural recirculations” among European, African, and American cultural elements that careful attention to Hurston's homiletics of literature draw out. These readings amplify Hurston's status as an original religious thinker—an element of her career that scholars frequently avoid or gloss over.
A Hieroglyphics of Zora Neale Hurston
Authors: Beliso-De Jesus Aisha Mahina 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this meditation, I explore Zora Neale Hurston's sophisticated testimonies with spirit materialities to demonstrate a move away from ethnographic pornotroping. I show how Hurston intervenes in the relationship between exoticism and liberalism as she eschews the revelatory stance of self-indulgent academic voyeurism or fascinating cannibalism. This shift in metaphysics is inspired by Hurston's “hieroglyphics of the flesh.” White patronage is explored as erotics of ethnography. Hurston's strategic fissures cannot be dislocated from these erotics, which emerge in her writing and research practice. I suggest a move away from “ethnographic pornotroping,” or the academic erotics of research as porno-inspired revelations, toward Hurston's own hieroglyphics of attenuation.
The Making of a New Writer: Tragedy and Tableau in Steinbeck's Brooklyn
Authors: Lovegreen Alan , Westengard Laura 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSteinbeck's first months in Brooklyn in 1925 expose him to a forlorn world that leaves a lasting impression. In his letters Steinbeck reveals his struggle to deal with the city and his own writer's block even as he looks for source material in “the subway face and the blundering revelers in the street.” The use of contemporary periodicals and new approaches to Steinbeck's fiction reveal how the tragedies that befell Steinbeck in Brooklyn intimately shape “The Murder” (1934).
Les services éducatifs complémentaires mobilisés au Parcours de formation axée sur l’emploi (PFAE) : perceptions des principaux acteurs
Authors: Fréchette Sylvie , Rousseau Nadia 
Published: June 2016

S’appuyant sur les résultats d’une recherche qualitative, cet article examine les perceptions des élèves, des enseignants, des directions d’école et des autres intervenants scolaires qui offrent des services éducatifs complémentaires en contexte de Parcours de formation axée sur l’emploi (PFAE). Des entrevues semi-dirigées sont effectuées auprès de 27 enseignants et intervenants des services complémentaires ainsi qu’auprès de cinq directions d’école. De plus, quelque 167 élèves inscrits au PFAE sont rencontrés au sein de groupes de discussion. Les résultats de l’analyse qualitative mettent en évidence une variété de 12 services complémentaires mis à la disposition des élèves et démontrent que ces services sont appréciés. Toutefois, les services du conseiller d’orientation, du psychologue, de l’éducateur spécialisé et de l’orthopédagogue sont jugés insuffisants compte tenu des besoins importants manifestés par les élèves. Une description précise de ces services est fournie. La discussion qui découle des résultats mène à certains questionnements relativement à la place des services complémentaires dans le plan d’intervention.
La transition de l’école à la vie adulte d’une élève ayant une déficience intellectuelle légère
Authors: Julien-Gauthier Francine , Ruel Julie , Moreau André , Martin-Roy Sarah 
Published: June 2016

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude visant à accroître la compréhension du processus de transition vers la vie adulte des élèves ayant une déficience intellectuelle et à identifier des stratégies d’intervention susceptibles de favoriser la réussite de leur transition. La méthodologie qualitative a été choisie, comprenant la tenue d’un groupe d’expérimentation de la transition itératif (d’une durée de 30 mois) et des entretiens individuels. Le groupe d’expérimentation est composé de l’élève, sa mère, sept intervenants scolaires et sociaux qui leur offrent du soutien et deux chercheuses. Les résultats montrent, d’une part, la volonté manifeste de l’élève de participer socialement, à sa façon et, d’autre part, la complexité du processus de transition vers la vie adulte, notamment les difficultés liées à la connaissance et à la collaboration entre les élèves, leur famille et les ressources de soutien. Les résultats de l’étude suggèrent sept stratégies d’intervention pour favoriser la réussite de la transition vers la vie adulte : (1) des informations aux familles, (2) la participation de l’élève à des activités de travail rémunérées ou non, (3) l’évaluation des habiletés et compétences de l’élève, (4) le développement ou le maintien des apprentissages académiques, (5) l’élaboration d’un portfolio, (6) la consolidation du réseau de soutien social et (7) la planification du soutien aux activités sociales, professionnelles et communautaires.
Targeted Pressure on Abductor Hallucis and Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscles to Manage Moderate to Severe Primary Restless Legs Syndrome
Authors: Kuhn Phyllis J. , Olson Daniel J. , Sullivan John P. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Context: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) treatments have included medications with many adverse effects and limited utility. A noninvasive device would potentially have extensive use where RLS medications may not be appropriate, such as in pregnant or breastfeeding women, people with mild RLS, people who operate machinery or drive occupationally, people with severely impaired renal function, or people who are taking medications contraindicated with RLS medications.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of a device that produces targeted pressure on the abductor hallucis and the flexor hallucis brevis muscles to reduce the symptoms of moderate to severe RLS, and to compare the current findings with findings from studies of ropinirole use in patients with primary RLS.

Methods: This 8-week single-arm, open-label, clinical trial with a repeated measures design was conducted between April 2009 and August 2012 in 2 offices in Erie, Pennsylvania. Adults with moderate to severe primary RLS were recruited for the study. Mean (SD) follow-up was 15.6 (6) months. Patients wore RLS devices (1 on each foot) for set periods intermittently throughout the course of the study. The primary end point was mean change in the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) Rating Scale from baseline to day 56, and the secondary measure was the Clinical Global Impression scale. A meta-analysis was used to compare the RLS device findings with the findings of 3 historic studies of ropinirole vs placebo. The demographics, disease severity, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assessment tools were similar among the 4 studies.

Results: Thirty patients (22 women, 8 men; mean age, 51.5 years [range, 30-75 years]) participated in the study. Change in mean (SD) IRLSSG score was significantly greater for the RLS device (17.22 [6.16]; P<.001) compared with the ropinirole vs placebo findings (12 [0.86] vs 8.9 [0.86], respectively; P<.05). Sleep loss significantly decreased from 119.5 (61.6) minutes to 22.1 (31.1) minutes per night (P<.001). Global Improvement Scale scores indicated significantly greater improvement with the RLS device compared with ropinirole (27 of 30 [90%] vs 293 of 464 [63%], respectively; P<.05). Mild, transient adverse effects of the device (eg, pain, paresthesia) were reported, but these effects were relieved by loosening the straps. The RLS device demonstrated none of the adverse effects associated with current dopamine agonist therapy, such as augmentation, tolerance, rebound, somnolence, and nausea.

Conclusion: Producing targeted pressure on the abductor hallucis and flexor hallucis brevis muscles with an external RLS device reduced the symptoms of moderate to severe primary RLS without the adverse effects of medication therapy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02386423.) J Am Osteopath Assoc.
MJO‐related intraseasonal variation of gravity waves in the Southern Hemisphere tropical stratosphere revealed by high‐resolution AIRS observations
Authors: Tsuchiya Chikara , Sato Kaoru , Alexander M. Joan , Hoffmann Lars 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe intraseasonal variability of gravity waves (GWs) in the austral summer middle stratosphere was examined using dedicated high‐resolution temperature retrieval from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder data. Composite maps were made of stratospheric GW temperature variances, large‐scale zonal winds around the tropopause, and precipitation based on the real‐time multivariate Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) index. Regional distributions of these quantities are synchronized with the MJO: The GW variances are larger for stronger precipitation and for more strongly westward wind around the tropopause at a given precipitation. These results suggest that the GWs observed by Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) in the stratosphere originate from convection. Moreover, it is shown that the zonal wind around the tropopause likely controls the GW propagation into the stratosphere by a critical level filtering mechanism and/or the GW generation by an obstacle source effect. This means that the MJO can modulate the middle atmospheric circulation by regulating the GWs in two ways, namely, generation and propagation.
Quantifying evaporation and its decadal change for Lake Nam Co, central Tibetan Plateau
Authors:   Lazhu, Yang Kun , Wang Junbo , Lei Yanbin , Chen Yingying , Zhu Liping , Ding Baohong , Qin Jun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMost lakes in the interior Tibetan Plateau have expanded rapidly since the late 1990s. Because of a lack of observations, lake water balances and their changes are far from well understood. Evaporation is a component of the lake water balance, and this study quantifies its magnitude, decadal change, and its contribution to the water balance changes in Lake Nam Co, one of the largest lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (with an area of approximately 2000 km2 and a mean depth of approximately 40 m). The lake temperature and the evaporation are simulated by the Flake model. The simulation results are validated against observed lake temperature profile from 2013 and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer lake surface temperature data from 2000 to 2014. The simulated latent heat flux and sensible heat flux are validated against Bowen ratio‐derived estimates for 2013. Based on the validated simulation results, the long‐term mean annual evaporation is approximately 832 ± 69 mm, and this value is much less than the potential evaporation estimated using the Penman‐Monteith equation. The annual evaporation from 1980 to 2014 displays a complex decadal oscillation, mainly due to the changes in energy‐related terms (air temperature and radiation). The mean lake evaporation since the late 1990s is greater than previous periods; thus, this change in evaporation has suppressed the recent expansion of Nam Co.
A new Bayesian Event Tree tool to track and quantify volcanic unrest and its application to Kawah Ijen volcano
Authors: Tonini Roberto , Sandri Laura , Rouwet Dmitri , Caudron Corentin , Marzocchi Warner , Suparjan  
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlthough most of volcanic hazard studies focus on magmatic eruptions, volcanic hazardous events can also occur when no migration of magma can be recognized. Examples are tectonic and hydrothermal unrest that may lead to phreatic eruptions. Recent events (e.g., Ontake eruption on September 2014) have demonstrated that phreatic eruptions are still hard to forecast, despite being potentially very hazardous. For these reasons, it is of paramount importance to identify indicators that define the condition of nonmagmatic unrest, in particular for hydrothermal systems. Often, this type of unrest is driven by movement of fluids, requiring alternative monitoring setups, beyond the classical seismic‐geodetic‐geochemical architectures. Here we present a new version of the probabilistic BET (Bayesian Event Tree) model, specifically developed to include the forecasting of nonmagmatic unrest and related hazards. The structure of the new event tree differs from the previous schemes by adding a specific branch to detail nonmagmatic unrest outcomes. A further goal of this work consists in providing a user‐friendly, open‐access, and straightforward tool to handle the probabilistic forecast and visualize the results as possible support during a volcanic crisis. The new event tree and tool are here applied to Kawah Ijen stratovolcano, Indonesia, as exemplificative application. In particular, the tool is set on the basis of monitoring data for the learning period 2000–2010, and is then blindly applied to the test period 2010–2012, during which significant unrest phases occurred.
Hydraulic properties of samples retrieved from the Wenchuan earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling Project Hole‐1 (WFSD‐1) and the surface rupture zone: Implications for coseismic slip weakening and fault healing
Authors: Chen Jianye , Yang Xiaosong , Ma Shengli , Yang Tao , Niemeijer André 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this study, we report the hydraulic properties of samples recovered from the first borehole of the Wenchuan earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling and from outcrops associated with the surface rupture zone of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Compositional and microstructural analyses have also been performed on selected samples. Using the pore pressure oscillation method, the permeability measurements show that (1) fault gouge samples have low permeabilities, decreasing from 2 × 10−18 m2 at an effective pressure (Pe) of 10 MPa (equivalent to an in situ depth of 600 m) to 9 × 10−21 m2 at 155 MPa. (2) Intact and cemented samples are impermeable with permeabilities less than 2 × 10−20 m2 at 10 MPa. (3) Fractured samples have variable permeabilities, ranging from 3 × 10−15 to 1 × 10−20 m2 at 10 MPa, and are most insensitive to changes in the effective pressure. (4) Granitic cataclasites have a moderate permeability at low pressure (i.e., 10−16 to 10−17 m2 at 10 MPa); which decreases rapidly with increasing Pe. Hydraulic conduction of the fault is believed to be influenced by the permeability of the fractures developed, which is controlled by the density, aperture, and/or connectivity of the fractures. Microstructural and compositional analyses of the samples indicate that the fault zone heals through chemically mediated fracture closure related to mineral precipitation, possibly assisted by pressure solution of stressed fracture asperities. Although other weakening mechanisms remain possible, our laboratory measurements combined with numerical modeling reveal that thermal/thermochemical pressurization, perhaps leading to gouge fluidization, played an important role in the dynamic weakening of the Wenchuan earthquake, at least in the study area.
Fine‐pitch CdTe detector for hard X‐ray imaging and spectroscopy of the Sun with the FOXSI rocket experiment
Authors: Ishikawa Shin‐nosuke , Katsuragawa Miho , Watanabe Shin , Uchida Yuusuke , Takeda Shin'ichiro , Takahashi Tadayuki , Saito Shinya , Glesener Lindsay , Buitrago‐Casas Juan Camilo , Krucker Säm , Christe Steven 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe have developed a fine‐pitch hard X‐ray (HXR) detector using a cadmium telluride (CdTe) semiconductor for imaging and spectroscopy for the second launch of the Focusing Optics Solar X‐ray Imager (FOXSI). FOXSI is a rocket experiment to perform high sensitivity HXR observations from 4 to 15 keV using the new technique of HXR focusing optics. The focal plane detector requires <100μm position resolution (to take advantage of the angular resolution of the optics) and ≈1 keV energy resolution (full width at half maximum (FWHM)) for spectroscopy down to 4 keV, with moderate cooling (>−30°C). Double‐sided silicon strip detectors were used for the first FOXSI flight in 2012 to meet these criteria. To improve the detectors' efficiency (66% at 15 keV for the silicon detectors) and position resolution of 75 μm for the second launch, we fabricated double‐sided CdTe strip detectors with a position resolution of 60 μm and almost 100% efficiency for the FOXSI energy range. The sensitive area is 7.67 mm × 7.67 mm, corresponding to the field of view of 791′′ × 791′′. An energy resolution of 1 keV (FWHM) and low‐energy threshold of ≈4 keV were achieved in laboratory calibrations. The second launch of FOXSI was performed on 11 December 2014, and images from the Sun were successfully obtained with the CdTe detector. Therefore, we successfully demonstrated the detector concept and the usefulness of this technique for future HXR observations of the Sun.
The microphysical contributions to and evolution of latent heating profiles in two MC3E MCSs
Authors: Marinescu P. J. , van den Heever S. C. , Saleeby S. M. , Kreidenweis S. M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe shapes and magnitudes of latent heating profiles have been shown to be different within the convective and stratiform regions of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). Properly representing these distinctions has significant implications for the atmospheric responses to latent heating on various scales. This study details (1) the microphysical process contributions to latent heating profiles within MCS convective, stratiform, and anvil regions and (2) the time evolution of these profiles throughout the MCS lifetime, using cloud‐resolving model simulations. Simulations of two MCS events that occurred during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) are conducted. Several features of the simulated MCSs are compared to a suite of observations obtained during the MC3E field campaign, and it is concluded that the simulations reasonably reproduce the MCS events. The simulations show that condensation and deposition are the primary contributors to MCS latent warming, as compared to riming and nucleation processes. In terms of MCS latent cooling, sublimation, melting, and evaporation all play significant roles. It is evident that throughout the MCS lifecycle, convective regions demonstrate an approximately linear decrease in the magnitudes of latent heating rates, while latent heating within stratiform regions is associated with transitions between MCS flow regimes. Such information regarding the temporal evolution of latent heating within convective and stratiform MCS regions could be useful in developing parameterizations representing convective organization.