bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Horses in the Cloud: big data exploration and mining of fossil and extantEquus(Mammalia: Equidae)
Authors: MacFadden Bruce J. , Guralnick Robert P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractExtant species of the genusEquus(e.g., horses, asses, and zebras) have a widespread distribution today on all continents except Antarctica. Extinct species ofEquusrepresented by fossils were likewise widely distributed in the Pliocene and even more so during the Pleistocene. In order to understand the efficacy of “big data” for (paleo)biogeographic analyses, location records (latitude, longitude) and fossil occurrences for the genusEquuswere mined and further explored from six databases, including iDigBio, Paleobiology Database, VertNet, BISON, Neotoma, and GBIF. These were chosen from a priori knowledge of where relevant data might be aggregated. We also realized that these databases have different objectives and data sources and therefore would provide a useful comparative study of the widespread taxonEquusin space and time.The mining ofEquusdata from these six sources yielded a combined total of 123.8 K location records, including 116.2K fossil specimens. These include individual points that are unique, that is, only occurring in one of these databases, and those that are duplicated in multiple databases. Of the six databases, three (iDigBio, Paleobiology Database, and GBIF) were judged to be the most useful in theEquususe case. Most of the databases are biased toward North American records, thus limiting the reconstruction of the actual distribution of the genusEquusin space and time outside of this continent. AlthoughEquushas a large number of digitally accessible records, fundamentally interesting questions pertaining to evolutionary dynamics and extinction geography are still a challenge for these kinds of biodiversity databases due primarily to the lack of sufficiently dense and precise temporal data.
Researching Islam, Security, and the State in Central Asia: A Round Table Discussion
Authors: Montgomery David W. , Heathershaw John , Khalid Adeeb , Lemon Edward , Epkenhans Tim 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAs researchers in Central Asian Studies, we discuss the different perspectives our methodological approaches provide to understanding the content and context of Islam, security, and the state in the region. We acknowledge the role of bias in creating narratives that dominate regional and international discourse and question mono-causal explanations of Islamic practice and the roots of radicalism. As such, we offer insights into the challenges and best practices of doing research on Islam and security and posit Central Asian Studies as a case for the value of multi-disciplinary research.
Interspecific interactions between twoTuta absoluta(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larval parasitoids with contrasting life histories
Authors: Savino V. , Luna M.G. , Salas Gervassio N.G. , Coviella C.E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInterspecific interactions between two larval parasitoids ofTuta absoluta(Meyrick) with partially overlapping host niches were studied: the idiobiont ectoparasitoidDineulophus phthorimaeaeDe Santis, and the koinobiont endoparasitoidPseudapanteles dignus(Muesebeck).T. absolutais an important pest of tomato crops worldwide, and its management could be improved by understanding the competitive interactions and potential coexistence between these two parasitoids. Firstly, a 15-min fixed time laboratory test evaluated the host-searching ability of adultD. phthorimaeaeandP. dignuswasps onT. absolutalarvae. Secondly,D. phthorimaeaehost discrimination against endoparasitized and non-endoparasitized hosts byP. dignus, at different adult female ages, was experimentally examined.D. phthorimaeaewasps spent significantly more time in general searching in the presence of its competitor than in its absence, but, parasitism was only effective byP. dignus. OlderD. phthorimaeaewasps discriminated significantly less than young wasps betweenT. absolutalarvae parasitized and unparasitized byP. dignus, and an interaction took place by non-concurrent host-feeding. Intra-guild predation ofP. dignuslarvae byD. phthorimaeaefemale feeding behaviour might have a minor effect in this system. Results are discussed in the context of literature supporting diverse evidence of coexistence in other parasitoid-host systems, with implications forT. absolutabiological control.
Linear Vlasov theory of a magnetised, thermally stratified atmosphere
Authors: Xu Rui , Kunz Matthew W. 
Published: October 2016

The stability of a collisionless, magnetised plasma to local convective disturbances is examined, with a focus on kinetic and finite-Larmor-radius effects. Specific application is made to the outskirts of galaxy clusters, which contain hot and tenuous plasma whose temperature increases in the direction of gravity. At long wavelengths (the ‘drift-kinetic’ limit), we obtain the kinetic version of the magnetothermal instability (MTI) and its Alfvénic counterpart (Alfvénic MTI), which were previously discovered and analysed using a magnetofluid (i.e. Braginskii) description. At sub-ion-Larmor scales, we discover an overstability driven by the electron-temperature gradient of kinetic-Alfvén drift waves – the electron MTI (eMTI) – whose growth rate is even larger than the standard MTI. At intermediate scales, we find that ion finite-Larmor-radius effects tend to stabilise the plasma. We discuss the physical interpretation of these instabilities in detail, and compare them both with previous work on magnetised convection in a collisional plasma and with temperature-gradient-driven drift-wave instabilities well known to the magnetic-confinement-fusion community. The implications of having both fluid and kinetic scales simultaneously driven unstable by the same temperature gradient are briefly discussed.
Initiating conservation of a newly discovered population of the Endangered hog deer Axis porcinus in Myanmar
Authors: Lwin Ngwe , Linkie Matthew , Harihar Abishek , Aung Saw Soe , Lin Aung Ko , Momberg Frank 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe unprecedented political and economic reforms taking place in Myanmar offer new opportunities for biodiversity conservation. They also bring new challenges in the form of rapidly growing extractive industry and agriculture sectors that have been weakly regulated and are often unsustainable. The Endangered hog deer Axis porcinus epitomizes many of these conservation challenges, and those facing most deer species in the Indo–Burma hotspot. The hog deer has disappeared from large parts of its range as a result of overhunting and intense conversion of its floodplain grassland habitat for agriculture. We report on a population of hog deer that was discovered in the Indawgyi landscape in central Myanmar in 2012. We conducted the first rigorous assessment of a hog deer population in Myanmar using an occupancy sampling protocol, tested the protocol's robustness using a power analysis, and present the results to guide management intervention. The results from our study site revealed widespread occurrence of the species, with high precision. The population map was then used to inform the development of a conservation management zone within a UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve around Indawgyi Lake. The importance of this population for the status of the hog deer in Myanmar remains unknown because documentation of the species has been sparse. Our survey protocol could make a significant contribution to addressing this knowledge gap and setting an informed agenda for conservation of the hog deer both nationally and more widely across the Indo-Burma hotspot.
Female sexual function varies over time and is dependent on partner-specific factors: a population-based longitudinal analysis of six sexual function domains
Authors: Gunst A. , Ventus D. , Kärnä A. , Salo P. , Jern P. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundMost studies examining female sexual functions (FSFs) have used cross-sectional designs, not allowing for studying temporal stability and possible relationships between different FSFs over time. Our aim was to study these relationships using a longitudinal approach.MethodThe study sample consisted of 2173 Finnish women from two large-scale, population-based data collections 7 years apart. The Female Sexual Function Index was used. Analyses were further conducted separately for women in different relationship constellations.ResultsStandardized autoregressive paths ranged from 0.136 (sexual satisfaction) to 0.447 (orgasm function) in the full sample, suggesting that most of the variance in FSF was explained by something other than previous function. Orgasm, desire and satisfaction were the strongest predictors of other functions in the full sample and for women in the same relationship at both time points (higher orgasm function predicted higher function in other domains; greater sexual desire and satisfaction predicted lower function in other domains), however, with small effects sizes. For single women, orgasm function and sexual desire were the only significant autoregressive paths. Significant unidirectional cross-domain paths were found for women in the same relationship at both time points. One significant cross-domain path, not confirmed as unidirectional, was found for single women.ConclusionsFSFs varied considerably over 7 years and relationship status was of importance when assessing temporal stability and cross-domain effects. Our results advocate tailored psychobehavioural treatment interventions for female sexual dysfunctions that take partner-specific factors into account.
Environmental influence of problematic social relationships on adolescents’ daily cortisol secretion: a monozygotic twin-difference study
Authors: Brendgen M. , Ouellet-Morin I. , Lupien S. J. , Vitaro F. , Dionne G. , Boivin M. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThis study investigated the potential environmental effects of peer victimization and the quality of relationships with parents and friends on diurnal cortisol secretion in mid-adolescence.MethodThis study used the monozygotic (MZ) twin-difference design to control for genetic effects and thus estimate the unique environmental influences on diurnal cortisol. Participants were 136 MZ twin pairs (74 female pairs) for whom cortisol was assessed four times per day over four collection days grouped in a 2-week period in grade 8 (mean age = 14.07 years). Participants also provided self-reports of peer victimization from grade 4 to grade 8 and of the relationship quality with the mother, father and best friend in grade 8.ResultsThe expected pattern of diurnal cortisol secretion was observed, with high levels at awakening followed by an increase 30 min later and a progressive decrease subsequently. Controlling for a host of confounders, only within-twin pair differences in peer victimization and a problematic relationship with the mother were significantly linked to twin differences in diurnal cortisol secretion. Specifically, whereas a more problematic mother–child relationship was associated with morning cortisol secretion, peer victimization was linked to cortisol secretion later in the day (diurnal slope).ConclusionsControlling for genetic influences and other confounders, stressful relationships with peers and the mother exert unique and time-specific environmental influences on the pattern of diurnal cortisol secretion in mid-adolescence.
Using Behavioural Insights to Argue for a Stronger Social Safety Net: Beyond Libertarian Paternalism
Authors: CURCHIN KATHERINE 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInsights from experimental research in the behavioural sciences offer a powerful impetus to reject the new paternalist approach to social policy. The findings from psychology, behavioural economics and behavioural finance, concerning decision-making by people experiencing poverty, point to the importance of alleviating material hardship by improving the social safety net, rather than trying to remedy the character of individuals through welfare conditionality. Thus far, the behavioural sciences’ usefulness as an intellectual weapon against punitive welfare reform has been underappreciated. This is partly due to underappreciation of the considerable contrast between the libertarian paternalism advocated by some behavioural scientists, which provides a rationale for governments to nudge citizens, and Lawrence Mead's new paternalism, which emphasises the personal responsibility of the poor for their circumstances. More importantly the disproportionate attention given to nudge has inhibited recognition that the behavioural research on poverty can be used to argue for more ambitious policy approaches which seek to transform behaviour in more ethical ways.
CHANGING HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT PARADIGMS?
Authors: Husereau Don , Henshall Chris , Sampietro-Colom Laura , Thomas Sarah 
Published: October 2016

Objectives: Health technology assessment (HTA) has to innovate to best support changing health system environments and to help provide access to valuable innovation under fiscal constraint.Methods: Issues associated with changing HTA paradigms were identified through scoping and explored through deliberation at a meeting of industry and HTA leaders.Results: Five broad areas of change (engagement, scientific dialogue, research prioritization, adaptive approaches, and real world data) were identified. The meeting focused on two themes derived from these: re-thinking scientific dialogue and multi-stakeholder engagement, and re-thinking value, affordability, and access. Earlier and ongoing engagement to steer the innovation process and help achieve appropriate use across the technology lifecycle was perceived as important but would be resource intensive and would require priority setting. Patients need to be involved throughout, and particularly at the early stages. Further discussion is needed on the type of body best suited to convening the dialogue required. There was agreement that HTA must continue to assess value, but views differed on the role that HTA should play in assessing affordability and on appropriate responses to challenges around affordability. Enhanced horizon scanning could play an important role in preparing for significant future investments.Conclusions: Early and ongoing multi-stakeholder engagement and revisiting approaches to valuing innovation are required. Questions remain as to the most appropriate role for HTA bodies. Changing HTA paradigms extend HTA's traditional remit of being responsive to decision-makers demands to being more proactive and considering whole system value.
A systematic review of methods to assess intake of sugar-sweetened beverages among healthy European adults and children: a DEDIPAC (DEterminants of DIet and Physical Activity) study
Authors: Riordan Fiona , Ryan Kathleen , Perry Ivan J , Schulze Matthias B , Andersen Lene Frost , Geelen Anouk , van’t Veer Pieter , Eussen Simone , van Dongen Martien , Wijckmans-Duysens Nicole , Harrington Janas M 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveResearch indicates that intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) may be associated with negative health consequences. However, differences between assessment methods can affect the comparability of intake data across studies. The current review aimed to identify methods used to assess SSB intake among children and adults in pan-European studies and to inform the development of the DEDIPAC (DEterminants of DIet and Physical Activity) toolbox of methods suitable for use in future European studies.DesignA literature search was conducted using three electronic databases and by hand-searching reference lists. English-language studies of any design which assessed SSB consumption were included in the review.SettingStudies involving two or more European countries were included in the review.SubjectsHealthy, free-living children and adults.ResultsThe review identified twenty-three pan-European studies which assessed intake of SSB. The FFQ was the most commonly used (n24), followed by the 24 h recall (n6) and diet records (n1). There were several differences between the identified FFQ, including the definition of SSB used. In total, seven instruments that were tested for validity were selected as potentially suitable to assess SSB intake among adults (n1), adolescents (n3) and children (n3).ConclusionsThe current review highlights the need for instruments to use an agreed definition of SSB. Methods that were tested for validity and used in pan-European populations encompassing a range of countries were identified. These methods should be considered for use by future studies focused on evaluating consumption of SSB.
Inflation experiences of retirees
Authors: KALWIJ ADRIAAN , ALESSIE ROBERTUS , GARDNER JONATHAN , ALI ASHIK ANWAR 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe inflation experience of people depends on their expenditure patterns and price developments. This paper identifies groups of retirees that have experienced relatively high price inflation over the last few decades and could thus be considered most vulnerable when income decreases, as has been the case in the Netherlands in recent years. For this we use household budget survey data from 1978 to 2004 supplemented with price information from 1978 to 2012. A methodological contribution to the literature is that an empirical framework based on the theory of consumer demand is used that explicitly makes the link between expenditure patterns and inflation experiences of households. We find that retired couples aged 65–69 have experienced about average inflation over the past few decades. Differences in inflation experiences between households result from relative price increases in goods, such as rent and utilities, on which single, low-income and older households spend relatively more of their budget, and relative price decreases in goods, such as leisure activities (including vacations), on which these households spend relatively less. The estimated differences over the 1978–2012 period in annual inflation experience are about 0.14 percentage points between single and married retirees, 0.06 percentage points between retired couples in the age groups 65–69 and 75–79 and 0.19 percentage points between retirees with low and high expenditures. Although these differences are statistically significant, they could be considered too small to be of economic significance compared with an average household having experienced 2.4% annual inflation.
Bryophytes – an emerging source for herbal remedies and chemical production
Authors: Sabovljević Marko S. , Sabovljević Aneta D. , Ikram Nur Kusaira K. , Peramuna Anantha , Bae Hansol , Simonsen Henrik T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBryophytes (including mosses, liverworts and hornworts) are a heterogeneous group of terrestrial plants, which comprise over 24,000 species worldwide. Given the various biological activities reported from bryophytes, they have a huge commercial potential. Due to their minute size and rather small biomass in various ecosystems, bryophytes are a seldom part of ethnomedicine and rarely subject to medicinal and chemical analyses. Still, hundreds of novel natural products have been isolated from bryophytes. Bryophytes have been shown to contain numerous potentially useful natural products, including polysaccharides, lipids, rare amino acids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, quinones and many other specialized metabolites. Additionally, different bryophyte extracts and isolated compounds have shown antimicrobial, antiviral, cytotoxic, nematocidal, insecticidal, effects on smooth and non-striated muscles, weight loss, plant growth regulators and allelopathic activities. Bryophytes also cause allergies and contact dermatitis. All these effects highlight bryophytes as potential source for herbal remedies and production of chemicals to be used in various products.
Labor and alternative food networks: challenges for farmers and consumers
Authors: Bruce Analena B. , Som Castellano Rebecca L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAlthough alternative food networks (AFNs) have made strides in modeling socially just and environmentally sound agrifood system practices, the next step is to make these innovations available to more people, or to increase participation in AFNs. However, there are several barriers to expanding the impact of AFNs. The labor intensity of producing and consuming foods in AFNs is sometimes overlooked but poses a significant challenge to alternative agrifood systems’ long-term viability. This paper brings together two independently conducted empirical research studies, one focused on sustainable food production and one focused on food provisioning in the sphere of consumption. Farmers engaged in small-scale alternative food production are investing significantly more time in maintaining the health of their soils by practicing crop rotation, growing a greater diversity of crops and building organic matter with cover crops and compost. Because much of this work is unpaid, the added labor requirements pose an obstacle to the financial viability and social sustainability of alternative production methods. On the consumption side, the labor intensity of food provisioning for women engaged in AFNs, combined with other socio-demographic factors, at times, constrains AFN participation. By identifying the ways in which labor may limit the ability of AFNs to expand to a larger portion of the population, this paper helps shed light on ways of increasing the environmental, social and health benefits of AFNs.
Der Epidemiologische Suchtsurvey 2015
Authors: Piontek Daniela , Kraus Ludwig , Matos Elena Gomes de , Atzendorf Josefine 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung. Ziel: Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Methodik und das Studiendesign des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurveys (ESA) 2015. Methodik: Zielpersonen des ESA waren deutschsprachige und in Privathaushalten lebende Personen im Alter zwischen 18 und 64 Jahren. Die Ziehung der Personenstichprobe erfolgte auf Basis der Einwohnermelderegister disproportional zur Verteilung der Geburtsjahrgänge in einem zweistufigen Zufallsverfahren. Die Befragungen wurden schriftlich, telefonisch und online durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt konnte im ESA 2015 mit n = 9204 Teilnehmern eine Nettoausschöpfung von 52.2 % erreicht werden. Durch die verwendete Gewichtung konnte die Stichprobe hinsichtlich Bundesland, BIK-Gemeindegrößenklasse, Geschlecht, Jahrgangsgruppe und Schulbildung an die Verteilung in der Grundgesamtheit angepasst werden. Mit der Studie nicht erreichte Personen zeigten problematischere Konsummuster als Teilnehmer der Befragung. Schriftlich befragte Personen gaben häufiger Substanzkonsum an als telefonisch und online Befragte. Schlussfolgerungen: Durch den Einsatz verschiedener Befragungsmethoden und die Gewichtung der Daten konnte sichergestellt werden, dass mit dem ESA 2015 bevölkerungsrepräsentative Daten zum (klinisch relevanten) Konsum von legalen und illegalen Substanzen sowie Medikamenten vorliegen.