bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional status predicts postoperative mortality after liver transplantation
Authors: Dolgin Natasha H. , Martins Paulo N. A. , Movahedi Babak , Lapane Kate L. , Anderson Fred A. , Bozorgzadeh Adel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundFrail patients are more vulnerable to perioperative stressors of liver transplantation (LT). Program Specific Reports, used in transplant center auditing, risk‐adjust for frailty using the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scale. We evaluate the extent to which functional impairment/disability is associated with increased risk of postoperative death.MethodsWe included 24 505 first‐time LT recipients from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (2006–2011). We categorized patients as Severe, Moderate, or Normal function/disability using the KPS scale and evaluated risk of 30‐ and 90‐day mortality. Analyses took potential center‐specific differences in KPS measurement protocols into account using hierarchal logistic modeling.ResultsOver one‐quarter of our population was Severely impaired/disabled, and 30.5% had no functional limitations. Severely and Moderately impaired/disabled patients had 2.56 (95% CI 1.91–3.44) and 1.40 (95% CI 1.10–1.78) times the odds of 30‐day mortality, respectively, after adjusting for key recipient and donor factors. Estimates remained consistent regardless of Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, medical condition, or clustering analyses by center. Technical/operative complications and multiorgan failure/hemorrhage were more common causes of death among more Severely disabled patients than in higher functioning groups.ConclusionsPre‐transplant functional status, assessed using the KPS scale, is a reliable predictor of post‐LT mortality in the United States.
Is caries a risk factor for dental trauma? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Soares Thais Rodrigues Campos , Fidalgo Tatiana Kelly da Silva , Quirino Andrea Soares , Ferreira Daniele Masterson Tavares Pereira , Chianca Thomaz Kauark , Risso Patrícia de Andrade , Maia Lucianne Cople 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground/aimThe association between trauma and caries is still controversial in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between caries and dental trauma through a systematic review with meta‐analysis.DesignA systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Lilacs, BBO, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Open Grey databases. The MeSH terms used were ‘Tooth injuries’, ‘Tooth fractures’, ‘Tooth avulsion’, ‘Tooth movement’; ‘Dental caries’; ‘DMF index’; and ‘Tooth demineralization’. MeSH synonyms, related terms, and free terms were included. The inclusion criteria comprised clinical investigations of subjects with and without caries that had suffered dental trauma. Quality assessment and bias control were carried out. Meta‐analysis was performed using the comprehensive meta‐analysis software (version 3.2). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 index, and the odds ratio was also calculated (P < 0.05).ResultsFrom 1290 abstracts, seven met the inclusion criteria. All studies had high methodological quality and five were included in the meta‐analysis. The results demonstrated a positive association (P < 0.001) between dental trauma and dental caries in permanent teeth [OR: 1.490, 95%, CI: 1.209–1.835]. However, for children with primary teeth, the results showed a negative association (P = 0.006) between dental trauma and caries [OR: 0.706, 95%, CI: 0.550–0.906].ConclusionsThe results demonstrated positive and negative association between the presence of caries and dental trauma in permanent and primary teeth, respectively.
Long‐term survival of patients with mismatch repair protein‐deficient, high‐stage ovarian clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Stewart Colin J R , Bowtell David D L , Doherty Dorota A , Leung Yee C 
Published: July 2016

AimsGynaecological cancer patients with germline mutations appear to have a better prognosis than those with sporadic malignancies. Following the observation of long‐term survival in a patient with stage III ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and possible Lynch syndrome (LS), DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein immunohistochemistry was performed in a series of high‐stage CCC and correlated with patient outcomes.Methods and resultsThirty‐two consecutive cases of stage III/IV ovarian CCCs accessioned between 1992 and 2015 were examined. The tumours from two patients (6%), including the index case, showed loss of MSH2/MSH6 expression while MLH1/PMS2 staining was retained. The index patient subsequently developed colonic and rectal carcinomas that were also MSH2/MSH6‐deficient, while the second patient had a genetically confirmed germline MSH2 mutation. All other tumours showed retained expression of the four MMR proteins. The two patients with MMR protein‐deficient tumours were alive 160 months and 124 months following surgery, whereas the median survival of patients with MMR protein‐intact CCCs was 11.8 months (75th and 25th percentiles of 8.1 months and 39.3 months, respectively), with 21 patients deceased due to tumour.ConclusionsLarger studies are required but high‐stage, MMR protein‐deficient CCCs may have a relatively favourable prognosis.
Assessment of black coffee temperature profiles consumed from paper‐based cups and effect on affective and descriptive product sensory attributes
Authors: Stokes Chloe N. , O'Sullivan Maurice G. , Kerry Joseph P. 
Published: July 2016

SummarySensory acceptance testing was used to determine whether the serving temperature of black filter coffee had an effect on the hedonic sensory quality of the imbibed product using naïve assessors (n = 25) analysed in duplicate. Additionally, descriptive sensory evaluation was used to assess coffee aroma, flavour and aftertaste attributes at different temperatures using a total of fourteen attributes. Prior to consumption, exothermic spectral analysis was assessed using a thermal imaging camera on each cup of coffee to ensure that the correct drinking temperature was recorded prior to being consumed by assessors. anova Partial Least‐Squares Regression (APLSR) was used to analyse experimental data accumulated. This study established that various sensory attributes of coffee are affected by the temperature coffee is imbibed at. Coffee served at 31.0 °C was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) to hedonic attributes. In contrast, coffees served at the higher temperatures of 70.8 °C and 74.4 °C were positively (P < 0.05) correlated to hedonic attributes.
Lactose hydrolysis and lactase activity in fermented mixtures containing mare's, cow's, sheep's and goat's milk
Authors: Cais‐Sokolińska Dorota , Wójtowski Jacek , Pikul Jan 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe degree of lactose hydrolysis and exogenous lactase activity of fermented mare's milk (MM) mixed with cow's (CM), sheep's (SM) and goat's milk (GM) was investigated. Moreover, the overall sensory desirableness of the novel products was also evaluated. A mixture MM + CM, or MM + GM, or MM + SM at a 1:1 ratio, significantly reduced the amount of contained lactose (P < 0.05). Fermented MM + SM mixture may be considered the product with the greatest potential consumer desirability. This particular product is preferable for patients with secondary lactose intolerance. Its additional advantage is connected with the predicted course of fermentation assessed on the basis of changes in pH, the count of mesophilic LAB and yeast as well as their survival rates during storage.
Effects of inulin, fructooligosaccharides/glucose and pH on the shape of the death kinetic of Lactobacillus reuteriDSM 20016
Authors: Bevilacqua Antonio , Corbo Maria Rosaria , Sinigaglia Milena , Speranza Barbara , Campaniello Daniela , Altieri Clelia 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe viability of Lactobacillus reuteri, Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Lb. paracasei was assessed in a laboratory medium containing inulin (5 g L−1) or glucose + FOS (fructooligosaccharides) (2.5 + 2.5 g L−1). Data were modelled through the Weibull equation pinpointing that prebiotics determined a decrease in the shape parameter. In the 2nd step, L. reuteri was used as the test microorganism; pH, storage temperature and the amounts of FOS + glucose and inulin were combined through a 4‐variable/5‐level central composite design. Temperature, pH and glucose + FOS affected the microbiological shelf life; inulin was not significant. The maximum value of shelf life was found at pH 8.5 and with 5.0 g L−1 of glucose + FOS. The combination of pH and prebiotics affected the shape parameter with a shift from a convex to a concave trend and vice versa: their effect was different depending on the use of a single prebiotic or a mix.
The formation and function of tertiary lymphoid follicles in chronic pulmonary inflammation
Authors: Yadava Koshika , Bollyky Paul , Lawson Melissa A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryTertiary lymphoid follicles (TLFs) can develop in the respiratory tract in response to infections or chronic inflammation. However, their functional relevance remains unclear because they are implicated in both protective and pathological responses. In contrast to homeostatic conditions, external antigens and damage to the lung tissue may drive TLF formation in inflamed lungs, and once established, the presence of pulmonary TLFs may signal the progression of chronic lung disease. This novel concept will be discussed in light of recent work in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and how changes in the pulmonary microbiota may drive and direct TLF formation and function. We will also discuss the cellularity of TLFs at the pulmonary mucosa, with emphasis on the potential roles of lymphoid tissue inducer cells, and B‐ and T‐cell aggregates, and will examine the function of key chemokines and cytokines including CXCL13 and interleukin‐17, in the formation and maintenance of pulmonary TLFs.
Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infections among children and adults in Mexico
Authors: Gamiño‐Arroyo Ana E. , Moreno‐Espinosa Sarbelio , Llamosas‐Gallardo Beatriz , Ortiz‐Hernández Ana A. , Guerrero M. Lourdes , Galindo‐Fraga Arturo , Galán‐Herrera Juan F. , Prado‐Galbarro Francisco J. , Beigel John H. , Ruiz‐Palacios Guillermo M. , Noyola Daniel E. ,   the Mexico Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network (La Red)
Published: July 2016

BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading etiological agent of acute respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations in children. However, little information is available regarding RSV infections in Latin American countries, particularly among adult patients.ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology of RSV infection and to analyze the factors associated with severe infections in children and adults in Mexico.MethodsPatients ≥1 month old, who presented with an influenza‐like illness (ILI) to six hospitals in Mexico, were eligible for participation in the study. Multiplex reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction identified viral pathogens in nasal swabs from 5629 episodes of ILI. Patients in whom RSV was detected were included in this report.ResultsRespiratory syncytial virus was detected in 399 children and 171 adults. RSV A was detected in 413 cases and RSV B in 163, including six patients who had coinfection with both subtypes; 414 (72.6%) patients required hospital admission, including 96 (16.8%) patients that required admission to the intensive care unit. Coinfection with one or more respiratory pathogens other than RSV was detected in 159 cases. Young age (in children) and older age (in adults) as well as the presence of some underlying conditions were associated with more severe disease.ConclusionsThis study confirms that RSV is an important respiratory pathogen in children in Mexico. In addition, a substantial number of cases in adults were also detected highlighting the relevance of this virus in all ages. It is important to identify subjects at high risk of complications who may benefit from current or future preventive interventions.
Ancestral range reconstruction of Galliformes: the effects of topology and taxon sampling
Authors: Wang Ning , Kimball Rebecca T. , Braun Edward L. , Liang Bin , Zhang Zhengwang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimWe examined divergence times and biogeography of the avian order Galliformes (which, despite a nearly world‐wide distribution, includes many weak fliers), to test whether current distributions reflect vicariance or long‐distance dispersal. We also tested the impact of taxon sampling and tree topology on our estimates of historical biogeography.LocationWorld‐wide.MethodsWe generated timetrees for all major galliform lineages using several fossil calibrations and a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear data. We compared divergence times and reconstructed ancestral ranges using this timetree and the galliforms from a recent synthetic tree for all birds. Thus, we explored the sensitivity of our conclusions to differences in topology and taxon sampling.ResultsThe results suggest late Cretaceous origins for Megapodiidae and possibly for Cracidae, the earliest diverging families. The other families diversified in the Eocene after the break‐up of Gondwana, contrary to previous suggestions. Both topology and taxon sampling affected the ancestral area estimates, although many nodes were consistent among the approaches.Main conclusionsDivergences of Numididae, Odontophoridae and Phasianidae occurred in Africa, with subsequent dispersal to other continents. Reconstructed ranges for ancestors of the earliest diverging families, Megapodiidae and Cracidae, are less conclusive, but may have involved a South American origin, then dispersal to other continents. Thus, long‐distance dispersal is likely to have been important in galliforms, possibly reflecting more vagile ancestors and repeated range expansions and contractions. There appears to be a trade‐off between the use of trees with rich taxon sampling but limited data, where key taxa can be misplaced, and more robust trees with missing taxa. When biogeographically important taxa are included, complete taxon sampling does not appear necessary for accurate ancestral area reconstruction. Robust trees that include taxa targeted based on their distribution may be the best way to improve our understanding of historical biogeography.
Patient benefits in the treatment of psoriasis: long‐term outcomes in German routine care 2007–2014
Authors: Radtke M.A. , Langenbruch A. , Jacobi A. , Schaarschmidt M.‐L. , Augustin M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is associated with significant patient burden. Few studies have specifically measured patient preferences and benefits.ObjectivesOutcomes assessment using the Patient Benefit Index (PBI) in nationwide psoriasis surveys comparing health care in 2007 and 2014.MethodsThis was a non‐interventional, cross‐sectional survey conducted in 2007 and 2014 in randomly selected dermatological practices and clinics recording by a) physicians: comorbidity, clinical severity (PASI, GCA), and b) patients: quality of life (DLQI, EQ‐5D), patient‐relevant therapeutic benefits (PBI) and previous and curent treatments.ResultsIn 2014, a total of n = 1265 patients (43.4% female, mean age 51.9 ± 14.3 years.; mean disease duration 21.6 ± 15.4 years.) were included. Overall PBI was 2.8 ± 1.1. A total of 91.6% of patients showed a more than minimum clinically relevant benefit (PBI>1). Patients treated with biologics and biologics combined with conventional systemics showed the highest benefit compared to patients with conventional systemic treatment and patients treated with topical steroids. In comparison with the 2007 survey (n = 2009), there was an increase in PBI from 2.5 ± 1.1 to 2.8 ± 1.1 and a gain of patients with high benefits (PBI ≥3) by 30% (38.5% vs. 49.4%).ConclusionIn German routine care, psoriasis patients have shown increased therapeutic benefits over time with highest benefits deriving from biologics combined with systemics.
Comparing acute and chronic human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica focusing on arginase activity
Authors: Mortazavi H. , Sadeghipour P. , Taslimi Y. , Habibzadeh S. , Zali F. , Zahedifard F. , Rahmati J. , Kamyab K. , Ghandi N. , Zamanian A. , Reza Tohidinik H. , Muller I. , Kropf P. , Rafati S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Iran is mainly caused by Leishmania major (L. major) and L. tropica. Arginase mediated L‐arginine metabolism is an important issue in Leishmania parasite propagation. Arginase activity in human CL due to L. major and L. tropica have not been studied up to now.ObjectivesWe aimed to compare the clinical and laboratory aspects of acute and chronic CL, focussing on arginase activity.MethodsIn this case–control study, 30 patients with acute CL (duration ≤ 1 year), 13 patients with chronic CL (duration ≥ 2 year) and 11 healthy controls were recruited. Arginase activity was measured in skin biopsies of lesions, peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma by standard methods.ResultsThe median of arginase activity in the acute lesions was higher than in chronic samples and significantly higher than in healthy controls (P = 0.008). PMNs of both acute and chronic patients showed higher levels of arginase activity as compared to the levels in PBMCs and plasma. The median of arginase activity in the PMNs of patients with chronic CL was higher than that of patients with acute CL and significantly higher than that of the healthy controls (P = 0.010).ConclusionThe level of arginase activity in lesions of patients with acute and chronic CL was higher than the skin of healthy controls. The highest level of arginase activity was observed in PMNs from patients with chronic CL. This suggests that the high level of arginase activity in PMNs of patients with chronic CL may contribute to the chronicity.
Quality in Australian after‐hours doctor home visits: exploring the clinical, professional and security supports available to involved practitioners
Authors: Ifediora Chris Onyebuchi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe after‐hours house call (AHHC) services in Australia has gained huge popularity in recent years, but it is not clear how well supported the involved doctors feel regarding the clinical, professional and security aspects of their work. It is important that this knowledge gap is filled given that appropriate support helps engender quality in health service delivery.MethodsThis is a questionnaire‐based electronic survey involving a sample frame of all 300 doctors participating in AHHC through the National Home Doctor Service. National Home Doctor Service is Australia's largest AHHC service provider.ResultsA total of 168 valid responses (56.0%) were received. Overall, the mean support levels were mild to moderate, ranging from 2.4 to 2.8 out of 4.0 for all three parameters. Specifically, 65.3% of the respondents felt well‐supported on clinical issues, 64.7% on professional issues and 43.2% on security issues. Australian‐trained doctors were less likely to feel well supported on all aspects [Clinical: odds ratio (OR) 0.38, confidence interval (CI) 0.16 to 0.90; Professional: OR 0.30, CI 0.13 to 0.72; and Security: OR 0.22; CI 0.09 to 0.53] compared with overseas‐trained ones. Unsurprisingly, doctors who adopted protective measures felt significantly better supported regarding security (OR 2.75; CI 1.31 to 5.78).ConclusionThere is room for improvement regarding support on AHHC in Australia, and concerned Surgeries should ensure that where available these supports are appropriately utilized.
The relationship between children's motor proficiency and health‐related fitness
Authors: Milne Nikki , Leong Gary M , Hing Wayne 
Published: July 2016

AimsThe overall purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between motor proficiency and health‐related fitness in children. In addition, the study aimed to determine if particular combinations of motor skills have a stronger relationship with individual health‐related fitness measures.MethodsSeventy‐seven children (F:28, M:49) (mean age: 11.19 ± 2.74 years) participated in this prospective cohort study. Physical measures included the following: motor proficiency (Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, heart rate and VO2peak (mL/kg/min).ResultsAfter factoring in age, motor proficiency as a combined total score had a strong negative relationship with the health‐related fitness measures of BMI (r
2 = 0.62, P < 0.001) and waist circumference (r
2 = 0.72, P < 0.001) and a strong positive relationship with VO2peak (r
2 = 0.78, P = 0.002). Children with lower motor proficiency (≤25th percentile) had a significantly larger mean waist circumference (M = 13.85 cm, 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.05, 25.66), P = 0.01), heavier weight (M = 22.17 kg, 95% CI (2.44, 41.91), P = 0.02) and higher BMI (M = 5.10 kg/m2, 95% CI (0.33, 9.87), P = 0.03) than children with higher motor proficiency (≤75th percentile).ConclusionsMotor proficiency, once corrected for age, is significantly related to a number of health‐related measures in children and should therefore be considered a focus for investigation for children with poor health‐related fitness (e.g. high BMI and waist circumference percentiles or low cardiorespiratory fitness), as motor incompetence could be an underlying contributing factor to a child's poor physical health.
Hospital admission for infection during early childhood influences developmental vulnerabilities at age 5 years
Authors: Kariuki Maina , Raudino Alessandra , Green Melissa J , Laurens Kristin R , Dean Kimberlie , Brinkman Sally A , Lenroot Rhoshel K , Liu Enwu , Harris Felicity , Luo Luming , Carr Vaughan J 
Published: July 2016

AimChildhood infectious diseases can be associated with later physical and psychological ill health, and the effects of this association may be evident during early childhood development. This study aimed to examine the effects of hospitalisation for early life infection on early childhood development.MethodsHospital admission data for infection were obtained from the New South Wales Ministry of Health Admitted Patient Data Collection for 87 026 children, for whom the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) was completed in their first year of formal schooling (age approximately 5 years). The AEDC provides estimates of each child's level of functioning on five domains of development spanning social and emotional skills, communication skills, numeracy and literacy and physical health. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to determine the relationship between exposure to hospital admissions for infectious disease prior to age 4 years and vulnerability on the AEDC. Models were adjusted for the effects of potential confounding factors related to the perinatal period, exposure to maltreatment and family characteristics.ResultsSingle and multiple hospitalisation(s) for infections were consistently associated with increased likelihood of being developmentally vulnerable on all AEDC domains, with odds ratios ranging from 1.02 to 1.28, after adjustment for confounding factors.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a pervasive effect of early life infections that require hospital admission on multiple aspects of early child development, even after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Relatively, severe infection during early childhood constitutes a risk factor for developmental vulnerability by the time of entry to school.