bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Treat Molluscum Contagiosum or Not—Curettage: An Effective, Well‐Accepted Treatment Modality
Authors: Harel Avikam , Kutz Ana Maria , Hadj‐Rabia Smail , Mashiah Jacob 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesMolluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common viral disease primarily affecting children. The objective was to compare the effectiveness of curettage as a treatment modality for MC with no treatment.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 2,022 children with MC between 2008 and 2012. Epidemiologic, clinical, and treatment data, including effectiveness, safety, and satisfaction, were reviewed.ResultsFifty‐six percent of the children were 2 to 5 years of age. The duration of the infection was 1 to 2 years for 51%, less than 1 year for 32%, and more than 2 years for 17% of the children. Seventy percent of the children were self‐referrals; 86% had had a previous examination and 76% of those had been advised not to treat the infection. The disease was mild (22%), moderate (64%), or severe (14%). A total of 1,879 patients underwent curettage; 70% were cured after one treatment and 26% after two treatments. Satisfaction was high: 97% of children and parents.ConclusionActive treatment should be offered despite the fact that MC is self‐limiting. Curettage in an appropriate setting is very effective, with high patient satisfaction and fast cure rates.
Neonatal Cutis Laxa and Hypertrichosis Lanuginosa in Sotos Syndrome
Authors: Bou‐Assi Elodie , Bonniaud Bertille , Grimaldi Marianne , Faivre Laurence , Vabres Pierre 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe report a case of transient neonatal cutis laxa and hypertrichosis lanuginosa as an initial presentation in Sotos syndrome. Little is known about skin involvement in Sotos syndrome. Our observation highlights that Sotos syndrome is a rare cause of cutis laxa and suggests that it is a useful neonatal skin clue to the diagnosis of overgrowth syndromes.
Bullous Impetigo Rapid Diagnostic and Therapeutic Quiz: A Model for Assessing Basic Dermatology Knowledge of Primary Care Providers
Authors: Simkin Daren J. , Grossberg Anna L. , Cohen Bernard A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesBullous impetigo (BI) is a common dermatologic condition, particularly in children, yet confusion regarding its diagnosis and treatment persists. This study measured pediatricians' ability to diagnose and appropriately treat BI and explored factors that might influence pediatricians' accuracy in managing BI.MethodsWe administered an expert‐validated survey to 64 pediatrics house staff and faculty at three Johns Hopkins Medicine facilities. The survey requested demographic information, diagnoses for five “unknown” cases, and preferred treatments for localized and widespread BI.ResultsOverall, BI was diagnosed correctly 31.9% of the time. There was little difference between house staff and faculty performance, although faculty 50 years of age and older demonstrated better diagnostic acumen. Regarding treatment of localized BI, 92% of faculty members and 84.6% of house staff listed mupirocin as first‐ or second‐line treatment. The second most common medication listed for localized BI was bacitracin. Regarding treatment of widespread BI, faculty listed cephalexin or clindamycin as first‐ or second‐line treatment 56.0% of the time and house staff listed one of these two medications 51.3% of the time. Results for faculty 50 years of age and older were comparable.ConclusionsImproved pediatrician proficiency in the diagnosis and treatment of BI is needed for safe, cost‐effective management. Physician age and experience appear to have a limited effect on the accuracy of BI diagnosis and management. Future educational efforts must be directed at trainees and their instructors.
Endovascular treatment of pediatric intracranial arteriovenous shunt
Authors: Niimi Yasunari 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntracranial arteriovenous shunts (ICAVS) in young children are characterized by frequent high‐flow fistulas. In association with high‐flow fistulas and the physiological condition of the developing brain and heart, each ICAVS type tends to present at a certain age with unique symptoms. Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) and dural sinus malformation with arteriovenous (AV) shunt tend to present in the neonate with high output cardiac failure. In infancy, VGAM, pial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and infantile dural AVF (DAVF) tend to present with hydrodynamic disorder such as macrocephaly, ventriculomegaly, prominent facial veins, and developmental delay. Pial AVF, AV malformation, and infantile DAVF can present with focal neurological signs such as seizure or hemorrhage at older ages. Endovascular treatment is currently the first choice of treatment for most pediatric ICAVS. The treatment goal should be defined on a patient‐by‐patient basis, according to the unique physiological condition of the child.
Food repertoire history in children with autism spectrum disorder in Japan
Authors: Tanoue Koji , Takamasu Tetsuya , Matsui Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundFood selectivity is commonly reported in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this study was to investigate eating habit history in children with ASD.MethodsWe analyzed 3 day food records completed by the parents and assessed how many unique foods each child consumed. The parents were also interviewed about their child's diet of complementary (i.e. transition) foods and estimated food repertoire at the ages of 3, 6, 12 and 18 years.ResultsA total of 28 participants were enrolled in this study. Some participants had ongoing changes in food repertoire from the age of 3 years onward. In two cases, although the number of foods consumed at age 3 years was approximately 50, this decreased markedly, becoming severely limited, by age 5 years. One of the reasons for diminished repertoire was infection, such as acute gastroenteritis and upper respiratory tract infection. In contrast, five patients had a severely limited food repertoire at age 3 years, which later increased to 15 or more. Four patients had good opportunity at school to increase their food repertoire.ConclusionsDiet history varied and changed in response to new opportunities, education and/or the environment. In some cases the number of foods consumed decreased gradually due to anxiety and stress, resulting in a severely limited food repertoire. Some patients had good opportunities to increase their repertoire at school. If an effective program in the early years achieves progress, the eating habits of children with ASD might be changed.
Open Data for Science, Policy, and the Public Good
Authors: Sá Creso , Grieco Julieta 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSupporters of open data believe that free and complete access to research data is beneficial for science, public policy, and society. In environmental science and policy, open data systems can enable relevant research and inform evidence‐based governmental decisions. This article examines the unlikely case of Brazil's National Institute for Space Research's transition toward an open data model. Considering Brazil's young democracy, incipient practice of government transparency and accountability, and lacking a tradition of science‐policy dialogue, this case is a striking example of how open data can support public debate by making information about forest cover widely available. The case shows the benefits and challenges of developing such open data systems, and highlights the various forms of accessibility involved in making data available to the public.
Measuring the Real and Financial Connectedness of Selected African Economies with the Global Economy
Authors: Ogbuabor Jonathan E. , Orji Anthony , Aneke Gladys C. , Erdene‐Urnukh Oyun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe examine the real and financial connectedness of selected African economies with the global economy using a network approach. We find that the connectedness of African economies with the global economy is quite sizable, with the global financial crisis increasing the connectedness measures above their pre‐crisis levels. The results show that U.S., EU and Canada dominate Africa's equity markets, while China, India and Japan dominate Africa's real activities. Our results suggest that African economies are predominantly small open economies, deeply interconnected but systemically unimportant and vulnerable to headwinds emanating from the dominant economies in the overall global economy.
Fine‐grained meandering systems of the Lower Permian Clear Fork Formation of north‐central Texas, USA: Lateral and oblique accretion on an arid plain
Authors: Simon Sharane S.T. , Gibling Martin R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFacies models that adequately represent the diverse range of fine‐grained fluvial systems are currently lacking from the literature. In this paper, the spectrum of these systems on the arid plains of western equatorial Pangea is explored, as well as the source and nature of the fine‐grained sediments. Eight fluvial elements in the Early Permian Clear Fork Formation of north‐central Texas represent channel systems up to 7 m deep with coarse basal deposits, three types of lateral‐accretion deposits and sandstone sheets, with laminated, disrupted and massive mudstones laid down in abandoned channels and on floodplains. The three fine‐grained fluvial styles represent a continuum between two end‐members: sustained lateral accretion of bedload composed of quartzose sediments and mud aggregates on point bars, and oblique accretion of suspended sediment on steep accretionary benches and banks with limited lateral migration. This spectrum is controlled, in part, by grain size and the proportion of suspended to bedload sediments. The presence of rarely documented swept ripples on exhumed accretion surfaces is attributed to rapid decline in water levels and downstream re‐entry of overbank floodwaters into the channel. Rill casts, roots and disrupted mudstones low down in channel bodies indicate periods of near‐dryness. Laterally extensive sheet sandstones were formed by episodic flows in broad, sandbed channels. The fluvial sediments were primarily intrabasinally sourced with extrabasinal sediments brought in during major floods from upland source areas or reworked from local storage in the basin, representing a supply limited system. The upward change in cement composition from mainly calcite and ankerite to dolomite and gypsum with minor celestine implies increasingly saline groundwater and progressive aridification, supporting Late Palaeozoic palaeoclimatic models. By integrating petrographic data with sedimentology, a plethora of information about ancient landscapes and climate is provided, allowing a fuller comparison between the Clear Fork Formation and modern dryland alluvial plains.
A Contextualist Approach to Higher‐Order Vagueness
Authors: Montminy Martin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAccording to contextualism about vagueness, the content of a vague predicate is context sensitive. On this view, when item a is in the penumbra of the vague predicate ‘F’, speakers may (truly) utter ‘Fa’, or they may (truly) utter ‘not‐Fa’, without contravening the literal meaning of ‘F’. Unlike its more popular variants, the version of contextualism I defend rejects the principle of tolerance, a principle according to which small differences should not affect the applicability of a vague predicate. My goal is to show how such a rejection allows for a plausible treatment of higher‐order vagueness, and for a dissolution of paradoxes of higher‐order vagueness.
Exploitation, Domination, Competitive Markets, and Unfair Division
Authors: Arneson Richard 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWhen the assertion that some agent is exploiting a person connotes that the exploitation is morally wrong, what is this wrong? Some maintain that exploitation need not involve unfair division of advantages, but instead is essentially domination for self‐enrichment. This essay denies this claim and upholds the idea that exploitation claims concern unfair distribution. Some maintain that the hypothetical fully competitive market exchange price can serve, at least in some contexts, as the standard for assessing whether voluntary interaction is exploitative. This essay denies that the idea of the fully competitive market price can serve in this role. Nor should we accept a pure luck egalitarian claim that would identify fair distribution with the outcome of ideally competitive markets proceeding from fair initial distribution.
The Tension between the Nature and the Norm of Voluntary Exchange
Authors: Christiano Thomas 
Published: September 2016

AbstractI develop a conception of voluntary exchange and its value that helps us understand the fundamental source of difficulty with voluntary exchange. We can make a great deal of progress in understanding the promise and the perils of voluntary exchange by elaborating an analogy between voluntary exchange and democracy. To be sure, this is a hazardous activity since there are many differences between these areas. But a careful effort here will illuminate the domain of voluntary exchange in both normative and descriptive dimensions. I argue that there is a fundamental tension between the normative principle that applies to voluntary exchange and the basic mechanism by which voluntary exchange operates. The fundamental normative principle, I will argue, is the principle that power over the making of an agreement with another ought to be proportioned among the persons to the interests each person has at stake in the making of the agreement. The fundamental mechanism of voluntary exchange, on the other hand, is that power is inversely proportioned to the stakes someone has in making the agreement. The more interests I have at stake in making an agreement, the more say over the content of the agreement I should have, and, yet, the more my interests hang on an agreement, the less bargaining power I have and so the less say I have in the making of the agreement. Hence, the inherent tendency of voluntary exchange is to work against the realization of the fundamental normative principle that regulates voluntary exchange. Hence, we have a deep and pervasive opposition between fact and norm in the very nature of voluntary exchange. All is not entirely hopeless, however, since there is a unique point where this opposition does not appear and that is in equality in the background conditions of exchange.
Bilirubin levels and phototherapy use before and after neonatal red blood cell transfusions
Authors: Carroll Patrick D. , Christensen Robert D. , Baer Vickie L. , Sheffield Mark J. , Gerday Erick , Ilstrup Sarah J. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDOur previous retrospective study suggested that red blood cell (RBC) transfusion of preterm neonates can be associated with an increase in bilirubin, but this has not been tested prospectively.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe studied neonates before and after RBC transfusions, recording serial bilirubin levels and whether they qualified for phototherapy. Because lysed RBCs release plasma‐free hemoglobin (Hb), a precursor to bilirubin, we also measured plasma free Hb and bilirubin from the donor blood.RESULTSWe studied 50 transfusions given to 39 neonates. Gestation ages of transfused neonates, at birth, were 26 (24‐29) weeks (median [interquartile range]); birthweights were 750 (620‐1070) g. The study transfusion was given on Day of Life 9.9 (3.4‐19.2). In 20% (10/50) phototherapy was being administered at the beginning of and during the transfusion. In these patients neither the 4‐ to 6‐ nor the 24‐ to 36‐hour‐posttransfusion bilirubin levels were significantly higher than before transfusion. However, in 30% of the others (12/40) phototherapy was started (or restarted) after the transfusion and 15% had a posttransfusion bilirubin increase of at least 2.5 mg/dL. These neonates received donor blood with a higher plasma‐free Hb (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSNeonates commonly qualify for phototherapy after transfusion. A minority (15% in this series) have a posttransfusion bilirubin increase of at least 2.5 mg/dL. We speculate that neonates qualifying for a RBC transfusion, who are judged to be at high risk for bilirubin‐induced neurotoxicity, might benefit from checking their serum bilirubin level after the transfusion and providing donor blood with low plasma‐free Hb levels.
Profiling clinical platelet and plasma use to inform blood supply and contingency planning: PUPPY, the prospective utilization of platelets and plasma study
Authors: Fedele Pasquale L. , Polizzotto Mark N. , Grigoriadis George , Waters Neil , Comande Mary , Borosak Marija , Portbury David , Wood Erica M. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDDemand for platelet (PLT) and plasma transfusions is increasing. Improved clinical supply and contingency planning requires greater understanding of usage profiles and urgency of clinical requirement.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis study was a random‐sample survey of PLT and plasma units produced in Victoria, Australia, to determine product disposition, recipient demographics, clinical indications for transfusion, and urgency (or “deferability”) of need. PLTs and fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) were tagged with a case report form before distribution.RESULTSA total of 1252 PLT and 1837 FFP units were tagged, comprising 8.3 and 13.3% of all products issued during the study period. The fate of 1243 PLT and 1808 FFP units was determined. Of products issued, 72.2% of PLTs and 87.8% of FFP were transfused. Hematologic and oncologic disorders accounted for 63.9% of PLT transfusions, with acute myeloid leukemia alone accounting for 26%. Conversely, surgical patients received the largest proportion of FFP (40.4%), predominantly for cardiothoracic, solid organ transplant, and vascular surgery. Approximately 15% of PLT transfusions and 35% of plasma transfusions were required within 1 hour, and 80% of PLT transfusions and 90% of FFP transfusions were required within 24 hours. Wastage rates were higher in regional blood banks.CONCLUSIONThe PUPPY study is a comprehensive and detailed population‐based assessment of PLT and plasma usage, including urgency of use. It identifies specific clinical areas with high demand for PLT and FFP transfusion and demonstrates the high urgency of need for both products. These data inform clinical supply and contingency planning activities.
International validation of a dithiothreitol (DTT)‐based method to resolve the daratumumab interference with blood compatibility testing
Authors: Chapuy Claudia I. , Aguad Maria D. , Nicholson Rachel T. , AuBuchon James P. , Cohn Claudia S. , Delaney Meghan , Fung Mark K. , Unger Meredith , Doshi Parul , Murphy Michael F. , Dumont Larry J. , Kaufman Richard M. ,   the DARA‐DTT Study Group* for the BEST Collaborative
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDDaratumumab (DARA) consistently interferes with routine blood bank serologic testing by directly binding to CD38 expressed on reagent red blood cells (RBCs). Treating RBCs with dithiothreitol (DTT) eliminates the DARA interference. We conducted an international, multicenter, blinded study aimed at validating the DTT method for use by blood bank laboratories worldwide.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPaired plasma sample unknowns were sent to 25 participating blood bank laboratories. Sample 1 was spiked with DARA only (10 µg/mL), and Sample 2 with DARA plus a clinically significant RBC antibody (anti‐D [n = 6], anti‐Fya [n = 9], or anti‐s [n = 10]). Sites were instructed to perform an antibody screen with and without DTT‐treated RBCs and to use a DTT‐treated RBC panel for antibody identification. Qualitative data about the DTT method were collected by online survey. The primary outcome was the proportion of study sites able to identify the antibody unknown in the presence of DARA.RESULTSAll sites observed the DARA interference with the antibody screen. The DARA interference was seen with all testing methods (gel, tube, or solid phase). Using the DTT method, 25 of 25 sites (100%) successfully identified the antibody unknown in the presence of DARA. Feedback on the DTT method was positive, with 17 of 19 (90%) sites responding to the survey indicating that they planned to use the DTT method to test clinical samples from DARA‐treated patients.CONCLUSIONThe DTT method is robust and reproducible and can be implemented by transfusion services worldwide to help provide safe blood products to patients treated with DARA.
Use of hydroxyethyl starch in leukocytapheresis procedures does not increase renal toxicity
Authors: Pagano Monica B. , Harmon Charles , Cooling Laura , Connelly‐Smith Laura , Mann Steven A. , Pham Huy P. , Marques Marisa B. , Schlueter Annette J. , Case Rosemary , King Karen E. , Cataife Guido , Wu Yanyun , Wong Edward C. C. , Winters Jeffrey L. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDHydroxyethyl starch (HES) is reportedly associated with an increased risk of renal failure and death when used for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients. HES can be used during therapeutic leukocytapheresis (TL) procedures to enhance cell separation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of adverse events associated with HES during TL procedures.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent TL with and without HES in the period 2009 to 2013 at six academic medical institutions.RESULTSA difference‐in‐difference regression analysis was used to estimate the mean change before and after TL in selected outcomes in the HES group relative to the average change in the non‐HES group. Selected outcomes included serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and white blood cell (WBC) count. A total of 195 patients who underwent 278 TL procedures were studied. We found no significant differences in serum creatinine levels and eGFR on Days 1 and 7 after TL procedure between patients who received and those who did not receive HES. The rate of adverse events and overall and early mortality were similar in both groups. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia who received HES had greater WBC reduction when HES was used. Additionally, patients who received HES had improvement in pulmonary leukostasis symptoms.CONCLUSIONHES, used at low doses during TL procedures, was not associated with adverse events previously ascribed to its use as a volume expander.