bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Platinum(II) Complexes Induced Oxidative Stress of Isolated Rat Heart
Authors: Radonjic Katarina , Stojic Isidora , Zivkovic Vladimir , Srejovic Ivan , Jeremic Nevena , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Djuric Dragan , Novokmet Slobodan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Interest for the clinical application of transition metal complexes as chemotherapeutic agents initially started with discovery of cisplatin. Despite the remarkable clinical success, cisplatin treatment is limited due to its resistance and side effects. Over the last 40 years, numerous transition metal complexes were synthesized and investigated in vitro and in vivo in order to establish a metallopharmaceutical that will exert less toxicity and equal or higher potency. We have compared the cardiotoxicity of 2 platinum complexes, one ligand, and a starting salt for complex synthesis using an experimental model of an isolated, perfused rat heart according to the Langendorfftechnique. The cardiotoxicity was assessed by comparison of oxidative stress induced following the perfusion of the following compounds: Dichloro(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II), cisplatin, potassium-tetra-chloroplatinum(II) and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, which were perfused at increasing concentrations from 10−8 to 10−4 M for 30 minutes. The oxidative stress was assessed by determination of superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and nitric oxide from the coronary venous effluent. Our results showed that the levels of oxidative stress parameters were not significantly affected by perfusion with all the tested compounds and were not dose-dependent. These results could be of importance to further investigations concerning the effects of platinum-based potential anticancer drugs on the heart.
A Case Report of Female Patient with Laryngeal Granuloma
Authors: Simovic Sladjana , Vulovic Tatjana Sarenac , Stojanovic Jasmina , Zivanovic Sandra , Koravovic Mladen 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The aim of this case report is to present the laryngeal granuloma in 23 year old female patient. Case outline: The 23 year old female was admitted for examination, because of long lasting, progressive hoarseness. In anamnesis, we found that she has undergone general anesthesia for 8 times, in the early childhood. We performing direct laryngoscopy with complete otorhinolaryngologic examination, rigid endovideostroboscopy and the large granuloma of the larynx was found. Conclusions: Laryngeal granuloma of vocal cords affected mainly men, except for cases associated with laryngeal intubation. We should keep in mind that postintubation laryngeal granuloma might develop after tracheal intubation, so care must be taken to avoid the potential complication.
The Autonomic Repercussions of Fetal and Maternal Interaction in Pre-eclampsia
Authors: Lakhno Igor Victorovich 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is one of the severe complications of pregnancy that leads to fetal deterioration. The aim of the investigation was to determine the role of maternal respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in regulation of fetal circulatory system in case of healthy pregnancy and in PE.
The investigation of maternal and fetal HRV and umbilical venous blood flow velocity spectral analysis in 106 patients at 34-40 weeks of gestation was performed. 30 of them had healthy pregnancy and were involved in the Group I. In Group II 44 pregnant women with mild-moderate PE were observed. 32 patients with severe PE were monitored in Group III. The maternal sympathetic overactivity modulated HRV in PE. The suppression of RSA was explored in preeclamptic patients. The Doppler spectrograms of the umbilical veinous blod flow had the oscillatory peak with a frequency about 0.5 Hz. The above peak characterized the participation of the maternal RSA in fetal hemodynamics. Strong relationship between maternal RMSSD and amplitude of RSA associated peak, maternal and fetal RMSSDs was found in healthy pregnancy. No considerable relationship was revealed between the maternal RMSSD and the amplitude of 0.5 Hz frequency peak, the maternal and fetal RMSSDs in the patients with severe PE. The maternal RSA propagated its influence on the fetal umbilical venous blood flow and the fetal autonomic nervous regulation in normal gestation. The control of fetal hemodynamics diminished in the mild-moderate PE and even disappeared in severe PE.
Overdiagnosis: An unrecognised and growing worldwide problem in healthcare
Authors: Brodersen John 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Overdiagnosis is the diagnosis of deviations, abnormalities, risk factors, and pathologies that in themselves would never cause symptoms (this applies only to risk factors and pathology), would never lead to morbidity, and would never be the cause of death. Therefore, treating an overdiagnosed condition (deviation, abnormality, risk factor, pathology) cannot, by definition, improve the patient’s prognosis, and can therefore only be harmful.
Overdiagnosis is an extremely harmful and big problem all over the world, and the problem is increasing. This is especially the case in high-income countries, where more sensitive tests, more testing, more screening and earlier diagnosis is in focus, and more of the same will be implemented in the future. Moreover, disease definitions have been and are still being widened, plus thresholds for treating, e.g. risk factors, have been and are still being lowered. Finally, disease mongering is growing, because it is cheaper and faster to invent new “diseases” than new pharmaceutical drugs.
From the definition of overdiagnosis it can be reasoned that a patient who has been correctly diagnosed and a person who has been overdiagnosed can have the same kind of pathologies. Therefore, at the level of the individual person or patient it can never be verified whether he or she has in fact been correctly diagnosed or overdiagnosed. Therefore, the complexity, dilemmas and pitfalls in understanding what overdiagnosis really is so succinctly captured by this quote from the Danish philosopher S⊘ren Kirkegaard (1813-55): ‘Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards’.
Smoking behaviors in Kosova: Results of steps survey
Authors: Gashi Sanije , Berisha Merita , Ramadani Naser , Gashi Musli , Kern Josipa , Dzakula Aleksandar , Vuletic Silvije 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Tobacco use continues to be the leading global cause of preventable death. Most of these deaths occur in low and middle-income countries, and this trend is expected to widen further over the next several decades. The overall objective of the study is to describe and analyse the smoking behaviours of adults in Kosova.

Methods
According to the STEPs methodology, 6,400 respondents, aged 15 - 64 years, are selected randomly within each sex and 10-year age-group. Out of 6,400 participants, 6,117 were selected, which is approximately 95.6%.

Results
The prevalence of smoking was higher among males (37.4%) compared with females (19.7%). In all age groups, the prevalence of smoking was higher among males compared with females. Regarding the age group of 15 - 24 years, the prevalence of smoking was 16.0%, but in the age group of 25 - 34 years, it nearly doubled to the rate of 31.9%. We have a smaller increase in the age group of 35 - 44 years, and after the age of 45, it falls gradually.

Conclusions
The prevalence of smoking in Kosova is high compared with other countries in Eastern Europe. In future decades, Kosova will face a high probability of an increased burden of smoking-related diseases.
Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and serotypes indentified among nursing home residents in comparison to the elderly and patients younger than 65 years living in domestic environment
Authors: Kolšek-šušteršič Maja , Beg Krasnič Andreja , Mioč Verica , Paragi Metka , Rifel Janez 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Introduction
In Slovenia, there is little data available on pneumococcal vaccination rates and no data on asymptomatic NPCR and serotypes in the population of nursing home residents in comparison to the elderly living in domestic environment, therefore the goal was to gain these data.

Methods
A cross sectional epidemiological study was performed. Nasopharyngeal swabs from 151 nursing home residents, 150 elderly living in domestic environment, and 38 adults less than 65 years old were collected twice (in two consecutive years). The swabs were analysed for pneumococcal identification and serotyping. Patient data were collected from medical files and medical history.

Results
No statistically significant differences in NPCR were seen between compared groups in two consecutive years. An average NPCR in two consecutive years in nursing home residents was 1.45%, in the elderly living in domestic environment 0.85%, and in adults less than 65 years old 7.05%. Serotypes identified among nursing home residents were 6B and 9N, among the group of elderly living in domestic environment, 6A and among adults less than 65 years old, 35F, 18C and 3. Pneumococcal vaccination rates were low (3.3% in nursing home residents, 6% in the elderly from domestic environment and 0% in the group of adults less than 65 years old).

Conclusions
Our data suggests that NPCR and the proportion of people vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccine among the elderly are low. We identified different serotypes in all groups, only one person was a chronic carrier (serotype 35F).
Knowledge about blood-borne pathogens and the prevalence of needle stick injuries among medical students in Serbia
Authors: Marusic Vuk , Markovic-Denic Ljiljana , Djuric Olivera , Protic Dragana , Dubljanin-Raspopovic Emilija 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Medical students are mainly exposed to needle stick and sharp object injuries in the course of their clinical activities during studying. They are at high risk due to their undeveloped skills, restricted clinical experience, lack of knowledge and risk perception. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of needle stick injuries of the fourth and final year medical students, and to estimate their knowledge about blood-borne pathogens disease transmission and standard precautions.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, in February 2014. The students were invited to self-administer a questionnaire of 26 closed questions prepared for this study.

Results
The questionnaire was filled in and returned by 637 students. The prevalence of needle sticks and sharp object injuries was 29.5%. Needle stick injuries were the most common type of accidents, more frequent among the fourth compared to the sixth year students (p=0.002). The majority of accidents occurred in patient rooms (53%) and the emergency department (15%). 54% of participants reported an accident to the responsible person. Students without accidents had a significantly better perception of risk (3.79 vs. 3.35; p<0.05). Out of the total participating students, only 16.6% (106/637) received all three doses of Hepatitis B vaccination, while 16.2% were partially vaccinated.

Conclusions
There is a need for additional theoretical and practical education of our students on blood exposure via accidents, raising the awareness of the necessity of hepatitis B vaccination, and introducing the unique/comprehensive procedure for accident reporting for students and healthcare workers in the entire country.
The usefulness of soil-agricultural maps to identify classes of soil truncation
Authors: Pindral Sylwia , Świtoniak Marcin 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Soil erosion led to the severe transformations of the soil cover of young morainic areas of northern Poland. Main alterations are connected with soil truncation on summits and in upper part of slopes, whereas at foot slopes and within depressions colluvial material is accumulated. Information and knowledge about the extent or intensity of erosion are mainly derived from sophisticated geospatial models or laborious field works. To reduce the effort associated with development of studies on erosion the use of easily available cartographic sources is required. The main aim of the paper is an elaboration of key to reinterpret information taken from soil-agricultural maps in the context of determining the degree of pedons truncation. The study is based on a comparison of the properties of soils representing various classes of erosional alterations with the data on existing maps. The correlation between descriptions recorded in the form of cartographic symbols with properties of pedons divided into several classes of vertical texturecontrast soil truncation and results from potential erosion maps was elaborated. The application of developed interpretative principles allows calculating the share of soil truncation classes within investigated area. The five test plots (each - 1 km2) were located along the north slopes of Noteć Middle Valley and Toruń Basin. The proposed interpretation of soil-agricultural maps reveals their significant value in studies on extent and degree of erosional alterations recorded in soil cover.
Variability of morphological, physical and chemical properties of soils derived from carbonate-rich parent material in the Pieniny Mountains (south Poland)
Authors: Kowalska Joanna , Kajdas Bartłomiej , Zaleski Tomasz 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Carbonate-rich soils are characterized by great diversity in content of carbonate and non-carbonate mineral substances in soil substrate which largely influences soil properties. The study presents the analysis results of four soil profiles located at the area of Pieniny National Park. The aim of this study was to characterize and classify the soils developed from the mixture of carbonate and carbonate-rich rock material, formerly classified as pararendzinas. It was achieved by determination of morphological, physical, and chemical properties, as well as mineralogical composition of selected carbonate-rich soils occurring in the Polish part of the Pieniny Mts. Soils were classified as typical chernozemic rendzina (P1), typical eutrophic brown soils (P2, P4), as well as typical pararendzina (P3) according to Polish Soil Classification (2011).
The parent material of studied soils P1, P2 and P4 were slope covers, with a dominant share of sandstone and minor share of limestone, whereas soil P3 was formed from variegated shale cut with multiple calcite veins. Soils were characterized by stable aggregate structure: crumby, angular blocky and subangular blocky. They were medium or strong skeletal, mostly with loam texture with great share of silt fraction. CaCO3 content in genetic horizons ranged from 0.0 to 703.0 g·kg-1. The reaction of studied soils was from weakly acidic to alkaline. Analysed soils were characterized by very high base saturation. Among determined exchangeable cations, Ca2+ ions had the biggest share in all analysed profile. High base saturation, as well as high content of calcium carbonate was accompanied by content of organic matter and percentage content of clay fraction. Taking into consideration determined chemical and physical properties, it can be found that investigated soils were influenced by not only the in-situ weathering material but also by rock material which have been transported and deposited as a result of slope processes. Furthermore, the lack or lower content of CaCO3 in surface and middle part of analysed soil profiles was most likely a result of the impoverishment of rock material during the transport on the slope.
Optimization Design and Experimental Study of a Two-disk Rotor System Based on Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Zheng Longxi , Mechefske Chris K , Han Bingbing 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Based on rotor dynamics theory, a two-disk flexible rotor system representing an aero-engine with freely supported structure was established with commercial software ANSYS. The physical model of the two-disk rotor system was then integrated to the multidisciplinary design optimization software ISIGHT and the maximum vibration amplitudes experienced by the two disks when crossing the first critical speed were optimized using a multi-island genetic algorithm (MIGA). The optimization objective was to minimize the vibration amplitudes of the two disks when crossing the first critical speed. The position of disk 1 was selected as the optimization variable. The optimum position of disk 1 was obtained at the specified constraint that the variation of the first critical speed could not exceed the range of ±10 %. In order to validate the performance of the optimization design, the proof-of-transient experiments were conducted based on a high-speed flexible two-disk rotor system. Experimental results indicated that the maximum vibration amplitude of disk 1 when crossing the first critical speed declined by 60.9 % and the maximum vibration amplitude of disk 2 fell by 63.48 % after optimization. The optimization method found the optimum rotor positions of the flexible rotor system which resulted in minimum vibration amplitudes.
Did Tertullian Read Marcion in Latin? Grammatical Evidence from the Greek of Ephesians 3:9 in Marcion’s Apostolikon as Presented in the Latin of Tertullian’s Adversus Marcionem
Authors: Lang T. J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:In his landmark work on Marcion, Adolf von Harnack became the first modern scholar to propose that Tertullian only knew Marcion’s
Subject-verb agreement in German in bilingual children with and without SLI
Authors: Rothweiler Monika , Schönenberger Manuela , Sterner Franziska 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We investigated the acquisition of subject-verb agreement (SVA) in German based on spontaneous speech data
from both typically developing (TD) and language-impaired (SLI) children learning German as a second language (L2),
and from language-impaired monolingual children. Rothweiler et al. (2012) suggested that SVA is
vulnerable in SLI. The intent of our study was to determine whether TD child L2 learners (cL2) in contrast to children
with SLI do not have difficulties with SVA. Many studies report that cL2 acquisition can differ from monolingual (L1)
acquisition and that the differences look similar to those of impaired L1 learners, which makes it difficult to distinguish
cL2 learners who have SLI from those who do not. If such similarities were to be found in the acquisition of SVA in the
two bilingual groups, SVA would be ruled out as a possible marker of SLI in cL2 learners. Three groups of children
were compared: six Turkish-German early cL2 learners without SLI, and twelve children with SLI – six monolingual
German children and six Turkish-German early cL2 learners. As in Rothweiler et al. (2012), all children
were advanced learners and were therefore expected to have acquired SVA. We found that the unimpaired early cL2
learners had indeed successfully acquired SVA. In contrast, neither the monolingual nor the bilingual children with SLI
succeeded in reliably producing correct SVA.
Two iodine-rich (dimethylphosphoryl)methanaminium iodides
Authors: Reiss Guido J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The reaction of dpma (dpma=(dimethylphosphoryl)methanamine) with hydroiodic acid in the presence of an excess of elemental iodine gives red coloured crystals of (dpmaH)3(H3O)I4·1/2I2 (1) as the main product and a small amount of a by-product (dpmaH)2[I3]2·dpma (2). Single crystal structure determinations on both compounds were carried out. In the crystal structure of 1 (space group P3̅, a=12.2166(3) Å, c=10.8788(4) Å, R
gt(F)= 0.0224, wR
ref(F
2)=0.0377), six symmetry related dpmaH+ cations and iodide anions, both located in general positions, form a cage through NH···I hydrogen bonds. These cages are connected to neighbouring ones by H3O+ cations by means of strong OH···O hydrogen bonds, thereby constructing a 2-dimensional network perpendicular to the c direction. In the center of each cage a three-fold disordered I2 molecule is present. This disorder is a consequence of space group symmetry. Each iodine molecule forms two halogen bonds to two adjacent iodide anions (Δ(I···I)=3.2449(7) Å) formally resulting in an almost linear I4
2− anion. The second iodide counter anion is located alternatively beneath and below the H3O+ cation and is not involved in any stronger hydrogen bonding interaction. The dominant feature of the crystal structure of 2 (space group C2/c, a=28.885(5) Å, b=10.6854(15) Å, c=20.659(4) Å, β=110.64(2)°, R
gt(F)=0.0776, wR
ref(F
2)=0.1410) is a ladder substructure formed by dpmaH cations and neutral dpma molecules via NH···O and NH···N hydrogen bonds. Triiodide counter anions occupy gaps in the ladder. A characteristic Raman signal representing the iodine molecule in the Raman spectrum of 1 is shifted to lower wavenumbers (173 cm−1). It corresponds to an iodine molecule trapped in the cage of a hydrogen bonded network forming medium strong halogen bonds. The Raman spectrum of 2 shows the typical bands of a weakly connected I3
− anion.
Two new pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines (7-deazapurines): ultrasonic-assisted synthesis, experimental and theoretical characterizations as well as antibacterial evaluation
Authors: Vazirimehr Simin , Davoodnia Abolghasem , Beyramabadi S. Ali , Nakhaei-Moghaddam Mahboobeh , Tavakoli-Hoseini Niloofar 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Two new pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines (7-deazapurines) were synthesized in high yields by the reaction of 2-amino-1-methyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile with triethyl orthoformate followed by cyclocondensation with methyl or benzyl amine in refluxing glacial acetic acid or using ultrasonic irradiation containing a catalytic amount of glacial acetic acid at 60°C. For each product, the correct structural isomer was identified using the FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy spectral and microanalytical data together with comparison of the experimental and calculated chemical shifts at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) by the agar dilution method using 24-well microtiter plates.
Ignition by Electrical Discharges
Authors: Markus Detlev , Essmann Stefan , Kummer Johann-Robert , Shekhar Rajiv , Uber Carsten , Gerlach Udo , Maas Ulrich 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The ignition of combustible/air mixtures by electrical discharges includes several physical and chemical processes. In process safety often the total available electrical energy is taken as a risk measure. However, to get a more detailed insight in the ignition process, also energy losses to the surrounding have to be considered. Additionally, for specific discharges not only the dissipation leading to thermal heating is of importance. Especially in the case of non-equilibrium plasma, a specific fractional amount of the discharge energy is used for electron impact dissociation, excitation, and ionization reactions, producing active radicals and ions during the discharge phase. While the electrical energy can be measured easily, it is difficult to determine energy losses. In this paper three different electrical discharges are examined experimentally and numerically to yield a better understanding of the ignition by electrical discharges.