bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the use of emergency department and urgent care services by diabetic patients of a Family Medicine Health Team: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Ward Matthew 
Published: October 2016

Aim
To understand the frequency, urgency, and rationale of emergency department and urgent care (ED/UC) use by diabetic patients of a Family Medicine Health Team (FHT).

Methods
A retrospective, observational study with comparison control groups was conducted from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2014. A total of 693 diabetic patients were compared with two, age-standardized non-diabetic groups: one with a higher disease burden based on International Classification of Diseases 9 diagnoses and the other from a randomized patient pool.

Findings
The diabetic group utilized ED/UC services 1.25 and 1.92 times more often than the two control populations, consistent with that observed in other studies. Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale scores were essentially the same for the diabetic population. Only 3.1% of visits were for diabetic related emergencies, in contrast to the expected 23% by surveyed physicians of the FHT. Diabetic patient’s sought treatment for cellulitis, wounds, abscesses, and infections more often than the control populations.
Expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Ki67 in normal breast tissue in relation to subsequent risk of breast cancer
Authors: Oh Hannah , Eliassen A Heather , Wang Molin , Smith-Warner Stephanie A , Beck Andrew H , Schnitt Stuart J , Collins Laura C , Connolly James L , Montaser-Kouhsari Laleh , Polyak Kornelia , Tamimi Rulla M 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAlthough expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and cell proliferation marker Ki67 serve as predictive and prognostic factors in breast cancers, little is known about their roles in normal breast tissue. Here in a nested case–control study within the Nurses’ Health Studies (90 cases, 297 controls), we evaluated their expression levels in normal breast epithelium in relation to subsequent breast cancer risk among women with benign breast disease. Tissue microarrays were constructed using cores obtained from benign biopsies containing normal terminal duct lobular units and immunohistochemical stained for these markers. We found PR and Ki67 expression was non-significantly but positively associated with subsequent breast cancer risk, whereas ER expression was non-significantly inversely associated. After stratifying by lesion subtype, Ki67 was significantly associated with higher risk among women with proliferative lesions with atypical hyperplasia. However, given the small sample size, further studies are required to confirm these results.
HBV core promoter mutations and AKT upregulate S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 to promote postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Chen Lubiao , Gu Lin , Gu Yurong , Wang Hongbo , Deng Meihai , Stamataki Zania , Oo Ye Htun , Huang Yuehua 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMutations in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) core promoter (CP) have been shown to be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The CP region overlaps HBV X gene, which activates AKT to regulate hepatocyte survival. However, the cooperation between these two cascades in HCC progression remains poorly understood. Here, we assayed virological factors and AKT expression in liver tissues from 56 HCC patients with better prognoses (BHCC, ≥5-year survival) and 58 with poor prognoses (PHCC, <5-year survival) after partial liver resection. Results showed double mutation A1762T/G1764A (TA) combined with other mutation(s) (TACO) in HBV genome and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) were more common in PHCC than BHCC. TACO and pAKT levels correlated with proliferation and microvascularization but inversely correlated with apoptosis in HCC samples. These were more pronounced when TACO and pAKT co-expressed. Levels of p21 and p27 were decreased in TACO or pAKT overexpressing HCC due to SKP2 upregulation. Levels of E2F1 and both mRNA and protein of SKP2 were increased in TACO expressing HCC. Levels of 4EBP1/2 decreased and SKP2 mRNA level remained constant in pAKT-overexpressing HCC. Therefore, TACO and AKT are two independent predictors of postoperative survival in HCC. Their co-target, SKP2 may be a diagnostic or therapeutic marker.
Label-free detection of microRNA based on coupling multiple isothermal amplification techniques
Authors: Zheng Xiangjiang , Niu Li , Wei Di , Li Xuemei , Zhang Shusheng 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA) was a promising class of cancer biomarkers. Here we developed a label-free method for sensitive measurement of let-7d miRNA based on multiple amplification techniques. The primer will bind to the duplex strand DNA that was formed by stem-loop template and target let-7d to initiate strand displacement amplification (SDA) in tandem. The released single strand DNA will be a primer to bind the circular template to initiate rolling circle amplification (RCA). The products based on multiple amplifications will be detected by a standard fluorimeter with N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX (NMM) as the fluorescent indicator. The proposed method exhibited excellent selectivity and high sensitivity with a detection limit of as low as 1.5 × 10−13 M. Moreover, this methodology was used for the determination of biomolecules in real serum samples with satisfying results.
The changing role of metrics in research institute evaluations undertaken by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Authors: Xu Fang , Li Xiaoxuan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAs an efficient S&T management tool, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) institute evaluations have experienced four major systems in which quantitative indicators have played a great role. To better understand the roles of quantitative indicators in CAS institute evaluations and institute development, this article aims to discuss the history and development of the CAS institute evaluation systems. It is concluded that institute evaluation has played a significant role not only in promoting scientific progress but also in guiding the direction and focus of the institutes’ development, thereby aligning it with the CAS’s strategy at different phases. Our intention is that this article offers useful insights for a wide scientific community into CAS’ attitudes on the application of metrics in research institute evaluations. This article is published as part of a collection on the future of research assessment.
Structural basis for dynamic regulation of the human 26S proteasome
Authors: Chen Shuobing , Wu Jiayi , Lu Ying , Ma Yong-Bei , Lee Byung-Hoon , Yu Zhou , Ouyang Qi , Finley Daniel J. , Kirschner Marc W. , Mao Youdong 
Published: October 2016

Significance
The proteasome holoenzyme is an ATP-dependent protease in eukaryotes that degrades ubiquitylated substrates. It is involved in numerous important biological processes, such as cell division, differentiation, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, regulation of gene expression, and response to proteotoxic stress. Using cryoelectron microscopy, we have examined multiple conformational states of the human proteasome at medium to high resolution. Our results reveal that the substrate-conducting channel in the core particle is transiently opened and accompanied by dynamic changes in structure of the particle. These observations provide new insights into how the proteasome recognizes ubiquitylated substrates and translocates them through a channel and gate to degradation sites in the core particle.
Super-resolution ribosome profiling reveals unannotated translation events inArabidopsis
Authors: Hsu Polly Yingshan , Calviello Lorenzo , Wu Hsin-Yen Larry , Li Fay-Wei , Rothfels Carl J. , Ohler Uwe , Benfey Philip N. 
Published: October 2016

SignificanceTranslation is the process by which ribosomes decode information in RNA to produce proteins. The resulting proteins constitute cellular structures and regulate diverse functions in all organisms. Translation also affects mRNA stability. As the final step of the central dogma, translation can alter protein production more rapidly than transcription in a changing environment. However, a robust experimental method to define the landscape of the translatome has not been established in many organisms. We developed an advanced experimental approach and used it to discover proteins missed in the annotation of theArabidopsisgenome. This study confirmed computationally predicted noncanonical translation events and uncovered unannotated small proteins that likely have important functions in plants.
Efficiency‐Equity Tradeoffs in Targeting Payments for Ecosystem Services
Authors: Wu JunJie , Yu Jialing 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article develops an analytic framework to analyze the tradeoff between economic efficiency and distributional equity in targeting payments for ecosystem services (PES). It also proposes an empirical procedure to trace out the efficiency‐equity frontier, where the program is Pareto optimal in the sense that it cannot be improved upon to achieve either higher efficiency or distributional equity without compromising the other. We apply the procedure to the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), the largest PES program in U.S. history, to analyze (a) whether it is possible to improve both the efficiency and the distributional equity of the program, and (b) what the choice made by CRP administrators implies about the political‐economic balance. Results reveal that (a) CRP administrators forfeited about 9% of efficiency for an 18%–23% improvement in distributional equity, depending on the equity indicator used, in the eighteenth signup of the CRP; (b) reducing the maximum allowable rental rate for all contracts would improve efficiency at the cost of distributional equity; (c) reducing the maximum county enrollment cap would reduce efficiency without generating much improvement in distributional equity; and (d) the CRP targeting criterion could be redesigned to achieve both higher efficiency and higher distributional equity.
Convergence in leaf size versus twig leaf area scaling: do plants optimize leaf area partitioning?
Authors: Smith Duncan D. , Sperry John S. , Adler Frederick R. 
Published: October 2016

Background and Aims Corner’s rule states that thicker twigs bear larger leaves. The exact nature of this relationship and why it should occur has been the subject of numerous studies. It is obvious that thicker twigs should support greater total leaf area (Atwig) for hydraulical and mechanical reasons. But it is not obvious why mean leaf size (A-) should scale positively with Atwig. We asked what this scaling relationship is within species and how variable it is across species. We then developed a model to explain why these relationships exist.
Methods To minimize potential sources of variability, we compared twig properties from six co-occurring and functionally similar species: Acer grandidentatum, Amelanchier alnifolia, Betula occidentalis, Cornus sericea, Populus fremontii and Symphoricarpos oreophilus. We modelled the economics of leaf display, weighing the benefit from light absorption against the cost of leaf tissue, to predict the optimal A- :Atwig combinations under different canopy openings.
Key Results We observed a common A- by Atwig exponent of 0.6, meaning that A -and leaf number on twigs increased in a specific coordination. Common scaling exponents were not supported for relationships between any other measured twig properties. The model consistently predicted positive A- by Atwig scaling when twigs optimally filled canopy openings. The observed 0·6 exponent was predicted when self-shading decreased with larger canopy opening.
Conclusions Our results suggest Corner’s rule may be better understood when recast as positive A- by Atwig scaling. Our model provides a tentative explanation of observed A- by Atwig scaling and suggests different scaling may exist in different environments.
Improving a full-text search engine: the importance of negation detection and family history context to identify cases in a biomedical data warehouse
Authors: Garcelon Nicolas , Neuraz Antoine , Benoit Vincent , Salomon Rémi , Burgun Anita 
Published: October 2016

Objective: The repurposing of electronic health records (EHRs) can improve clinical and genetic research for rare diseases. However, significant information in rare disease EHRs is embedded in the narrative reports, which contain many negated clinical signs and family medical history. This paper presents a method to detect family history and negation in narrative reports and evaluates its impact on selecting populations from a clinical data warehouse (CDW).Materials and Methods: We developed a pipeline to process 1.6 million reports from multiple sources. This pipeline is part of the load process of the Necker Hospital CDW.Results: We identified patients with “Lupus and diarrhea,” “Crohn’s and diabetes,” and “NPHP1” from the CDW. The overall precision, recall, specificity, and F-measure were 0.85, 0.98, 0.93, and 0.91, respectively.Conclusion: The proposed method generates a highly accurate identification of cases from a CDW of rare disease EHRs.
The More Stringent, the Better? Rationing Car Use in Bogotá with Moderate and Drastic Restrictions
Authors: Bonilla Jorge A 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Rationing car use based on license plate number has become a popular policy in several cities around the world to address traffic congestion and air pollution. This paper studies the effects of the moderate and drastic driving restrictions imposed as part of the Pico y Placa program on car use and air pollution in Bogotá. Using data on ambient carbon monoxide, gasoline consumption, and vehicle sales and registrations, no evidence of an improvement in air quality or a reduction in car use is found in either phase of the program. On the contrary, there is some indication that, relative to the moderate phase, gasoline consumption, vehicle ownership, and carbon monoxide in the morning peak tended to increase slightly when drastic restrictions were implemented.
Case-Match Controlled Comparison of Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis and Intramedullary Nailing for the Stabilization of Humeral Shaft Fractures
Authors: Davies Gareth , Yeo Gerald , Meta Mahendrakumar , Miller David , Hohmann Erik , Tetsworth Kevin 
Published: October 2016

Objectives:
To compare the risk of major complications after either minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) or intramedullary nailing (IMN) of humeral shaft fractures.

Design:
Retrospective, case-match controlled study.

Setting:
A major metropolitan tertiary referral trauma center in Australia.

Patients:
Thirty patients with fractures of the humeral shaft.

Intervention:
Either MIPO or IMN were performed on 15 patients each with traumatic humeral shaft fractures.

Primary Outcome Measure:
The cumulative risk of 3 major complications associated with these procedures: nonunion, infection, and iatrogenic radial nerve injury.

Results:
An overall major complication rate of 53% was observed in the patients treated with IMN; one complication (7%) was identified in those managed with humeral MIPO, a nonunion. Complications after IMN included 4 patients (27%) with nonunion, 3 patients (20%) with iatrogenic radial nerve injuries, and 1 patient (7%) with a wound infection. Statistical analysis revealed a significant between-group difference (P = 0.01) in the cumulative rate of major complications. When each of these complications was considered independently, no statistically significant difference was demonstrated.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that humeral MIPO results in a significantly lower pooled major complication rate than that of IMN, and it should therefore be considered an attractive alternative to IMN in those patients requiring surgical stabilization of a traumatic humeral shaft fracture.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Current Evidence: Plate Versus Intramedullary Nail for Fixation of Distal Tibia Fractures in 2016
Authors: Vallier Heather A. 
Published: October 2016

Summary:
Displaced distal tibia shaft fractures are effectively treated with standard plates and intramedullary nails. Plate fixation performed with meticulous soft tissue handling results in minimal risks of infection and poor wound healing. Standard plates have high rates of primary union, whereas locking plates may delay union because of increased stiffness. Tibial healing may also be delayed after plating of the fibula, although fibula reduction and fixation may aid accuracy of reduction of the tibia. Malalignment occurs more often with infrapatellar intramedullary nailing versus plates, and early results of suprapatellar nailing appear promising in minimizing intraoperative malalignment. Long-term function after fixation of the distal tibia is good for most, with poor outcomes often associated with baseline social and mental health issues.
Tibial Rotation Osteotomies in a Matched Cohort of Myelodysplasia and Cerebral Palsy Children
Authors: Stasikelis Peter J. , Creek Aaron T. , Wack Linda I. 
Published: October 2016

Background:
The purpose of this study is to examine the frequency of complications in children with myelodysplasia (MD) undergoing tibial rotational osteotomies with a matched cohort of children with cerebral palsy (CP). It was postulated that because of the unique health issues facing children with MD more complications would be observed.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed to identify children with MD who underwent primary tibial rotational osteotomy between 1997 and 2012 and had a minimum 2-year follow-up. The 15 children thus identified were matched for age, body mass index, and functional ability with 15 children with CP. Outcome measures were complications that occurred within a year of osteotomy or hardware removal. Major complications were defined as nonunions or malunions, hardware failures, deep infections, fractures, and stage III or IV decubiti. Recurrence of rotational deformity requiring revision osteotomy at any time was also defined as a major complication. Minor wound problems healing within 6 weeks with only local care were considered minor complications.

Results:
Fifteen children with MD, who underwent 21 tibial derotational osteotomies, were available for review with a mean 7-year follow-up. The 15 children with CP underwent 22 tibial derotational osteotomies with a mean of 6 years of follow-up. In each cohort there were 3 children classified as GMFCS I, 3 children as GMFCS II, 4 children as GMFCS III, and 5 as GMFCS IV. Three (20%) of the children with MD experienced major complications (1 infected nonunion and 2 children who experienced bilateral malunions requiring revisions). One child with a major complication was classified as GMFCS II and the other 2 as GMFCS IV. None of the children with CP experienced a major complication.

Conclusions:
The majority of children in both groups experienced good results, but children with MD have more frequent major complications. More frequent complications were seen in children with less functional ability.

Level of evidence:
Level III—prognostic study, case-control study.
Fracture Classification Does Not Predict Functional Outcomes in Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: A Prospective Study
Authors: Ernat Justin , Ho Christine , Wimberly Robert L. , Jo ChanHee , Riccio Anthony I. 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Few studies have prospectively assessed functional outcomes after the surgical management of supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHFXs) and the relationship between fracture pattern and ultimate patient outcome has never been prospectively evaluated. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate fracture classification and functional outcome in children with extension SCHFXs using validated outcome measures.

Methods:
An Institutional Review Board-approved prospective enrollment of consecutive patients with operative SCHFX was performed over a 3-year period. Fractures were classified by the treating surgeon using the modified Gartland classification. Functional outcome was assessed at final follow-up using the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instruments (PODCI) and the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) outcome measure. Patients with flexion-type fractures, multidirectionally unstable fractures and those with <10 weeks follow-up were excluded from analysis. Statistical analysis was used to determine the relationship between fracture classification/pattern and functional outcome.

Results:
Seven hundred fifty-two patients were enrolled during the study period. One hundred thirty-two patients with extension-type injuries (average age 6.7 y) completed functional outcome measures at an average follow-up of 12.4 weeks. Forty-five (34%) were type II fractures and 87 (66%) were type III fractures. Forty-five (34%) of the fractures were posteromedially displaced, 43 (33%) were posterolaterally displaced, and 44 (33%) were posteriorly displaced without coronal plane deformity. The average PODCI global functioning scale score and QuickDASH scores for the entire cohort were 93.6 and 11.4, respectively, indicating excellent function. No differences in outcome scores were noted between patients with type II and III fractures. No difference in outcome was identified based upon direction of fracture displacement.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to prospectively analyze fracture classification and functional outcome using validated outcome measures following the operative treatment of pediatric extension-type SCHFX. Children generally have excellent functional outcomes following the operative treatment of SCHFX. Garland classification and direction of displacement do not influence functional outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—therapeutic.