bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Karate in a Water-Seeded,Continuous Flood Culture,1996
Authors: Way M.O. , Wallace R.G 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. On 12 Apr, plots were fertilized with urea at 113 lb nitrogen/acre and treated with Ordram 15G at 27 lb product/acre. Fertilizer and herbicide were incorporated into dry soil (League clay) with a rake. Plots were flooded to a depth of about 4 inches and hand-planted with sprouted seed at 130 lb dry seed/acre on 12 Apr. Rice emerged 23 Apr. At the times and rates shown in the table, designated plots were treated with Karate 1EC using a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held, spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 33.4 gpa. Furadan 3G was applied to designated plots at the rate and time shown in the table using a hand-held shaker jar. On each of 20 May and 17 Jun (27 and 55 d after rice emergence through the water), five 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot, washed, and inspected for immature RWW. On 6 Jun, plots were fertilized with urea at 57 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 170 lb/acre. At maturity, plots were harvested (5 Aug) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Karate in a Dry-Seeded, Delayed Flood Culture, 1996
Authors: Way M.O. , Wallace R.G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 10 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticides. On 17 Apr, plots were fertilized with urea at 68 lb nitrogen/acre and hand-planted with 90 lb seed/acre. Fipronil-treated seed was provided by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company and was applied at the rate shown in the table. Fertilizer and seed were incorporated into dry soil (League clay) with a rake. On 18 Apr, plots were flush irrigated (temporary flood for 24 h, then drain). Rice emerged 24 Apr. From emergence of rice through the soil until application of the permanent flood on 16May(22d after rice emergence), rice was flush irrigated as needed. On 9 May, plots were sprayed with Facet 75DF, Bolero 8EC, and Basagran at 0.67 lb/acre, 3 pt/acre, and 1.5 pt/acre, respectively. Immediately prior to the permanent flood, designated plots were treated at the rates shown in the table with Karate 1EC or Fipronil 80WG using a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held, spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 29.7 gpa. Plots were fertilized -i with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre immediately before the permanent flood. Designated plots were treated post-flood at the rates and times shown in the table j with Karate 1EC and Dimilin 2L using the same methods and materials described for the pre-flood treatments. Furadan 3G was also applied post-flood at j the rate and time shown in the table to designated plots using a hand-held shaker jar. On each of 10 Jun and 8 Jul (25 and 53 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), five 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice j plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. On 14 Jun, plots were fertilized with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 170 lb/acre. At maturity, plots were harvested (26 Aug) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to i 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
European Red Mite Control on Apples, 1996
Authors: Walgenbach J. F. , Palmer C. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Studies were conducted on a 17-year-old block of ‘Delicious’ apples with a tree-row-volume of 225 gpa at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station (Fletcher, NC). Plots consisted of 2 groups of 5 trees each, and 2 trees per group (4 total) served as replicates and were arranged in a RCBD. All materials were applied with an airblast sprayer delivering 209 gpa and all trees received the same insecticide and fungicide program throughout the season. Treatments consisted of Apollo SC (4 oz/acre) on 19 Apr (early pink), Savey 50WP (3 oz/acre) on 19 Apr, Agri-Mek 0.15EC on 24 May (1st cover), the non-registered miticide Pyramite 60WP (0.3 lb[AI]/acre) which was applied on 11 Jul based a threshold of ≈ 15 mites/leaf, and an untreated check.
Evaluation of Selected Experimental and Standard Insecticides Against Soybean Looper, 1996
Authors: Mascarenhas R. N. , Fitzpatrick B. J. , Boyd M. L. , Clemens C. G. , Boethel D. J. , Vidrine P. R. , Moore S. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A field trial was conducted at the Dean Lee Research Station, located near Alexandria (Rapides Parish), Louisiana. Plots were 50 ft long by 4 rows (38-inch row spacing) and arranged in a RCB design with 4 replicates. Insecticides were applied using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 15 gpa at 35 psi through TJ8002 flat fan nozzles (2 per row). Insecticide treatments were applied to R5 stage ‘Buckshot 723’ soybeans on 14 Aug. Post-treatment samples (25 sweeps per plot) were taken with a standard 15-inch diam net at 3 and 7 DAT. Slight rainfall occurred during the experimental period (0.69 inch).
Apple, Control of European Red Mite, 1996
Authors: Wise John C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Miticides were applied to mature trees at the Trevor Nichols Research Complex in Fennville, MI (Burgundy Block) at a rate of 100 gpa with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single trees, replicated 4 times. Applications of materials were made on 10 May (Tight Cluster), 5 Jun (Petal Fall + 7 days), 12 Jun (1C), 19 Jun (2C), 1 Aug (ERM threshold), and 14 Aug (ERM threshold + 14 days) as indicated in tables. Dithane, Captan, Nova, Funginex, Syllit, Thiodan, Sulfur, Ambush, and Rubigan were applied separately to all treatments. Mite evaluations were made on 3 Jun, 27 Jun, 17 Jul, 30 Jul, 13 Aug and 23 Aug by picking 50 randomly selected leaves from each replicate for a total of 200 leaves per treatment. Mites were collected from these leaves with a mite-brushing machine. The eggs and motile forms of ERM, and adult predatory mites ZM and AF were then counted under a microscope.
Evaluation of the Fermentation Byproduct Spinosad and Conventional Insecticide Treatments for Controlling Sunflower Beetle Larvae, 1996
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. , Braun R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A commercial sunflower field near Mina, in north-central South Dakota, was selected foi our trial of several insecticide treatments at standard and reduced rates for management of SB larvae. The experiment was arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications, and individual treatment plots were 25 ft long by 10 rows (38 inch spacing) wide. In addition, each plot was bordered by two buffer rows to prevent drift. Pre-application evaluations were carried out using whole-plant visual counts of the number of live SB larvae per plant. Twenty plants were examined from each treatment plot and these counts indicated an average of 11 SB larvae per plant within the test area. Treatments were applied on 11 Ju’ using a CO2-propelled backpack sprayer system with a hand-held 6.7-ft long boom. The boom was equipped with 4 TeeJet 8001 nozzles spaced 20 inches apart, and was calibrated to deliver a spray volume of 15 gpa while traveling at 3 mph. Insecticide efficacy was evaluated at 6 DAT using the same count ing technique and number of samples described for pre-application sampling. Data were analyzed with SAS’ s General Linear Models procedure and means were compared using DMRT.
Tobacco Budworm Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Foliar Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Southern P. Sterling , Browne Micou M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco was planted on the James T. Smith farm in Wayne Co., NC on 23 Apr. Plots of 0.02 acre (4 rows X 57 ft) were separated laterally by a vacant 5th row and on each end by turn alleys of 16 ft. Treatments were established in a RCB design with 4 replications. Just prior to treatment, a moderate natural infestation of budworms was augmented by artificial infestation of 10 plants in each of the 1st and 3rd rows of each plot. A single 2-d old larva (from the colony maintained by the Dept. of Entomology, N.C. State University) was transferred from artificial diet to each plant. Larvae were placed into the bud to simulate an established infestation. Treatments were applied on 3 Jun using a tractor-mounted sprayer (with the exception of Dipel 10 G) pressurized by a roller pump powered by the tractor PTO. Spray was delivered through 3 solid-cone nozzles (TG-1, TG-2, TG-1) per row at 60 psi and 37.5 gpa. Treatments were applied between 2:50 pm and 5:00 pm EDT. Diatect was treated as a wettable powder and sprayed. Dipel 10G was applied by hand directly to the bud of each plant. Air temperature was approximately 80° F and winds were light to moderate (3-7 mph). All plants (excluding the first and last) in rows 1 and 3 were checked for budworm infestation on the day of treatment and 4 and 11 DAT. These plants were rated for budworm damage 15 DAT. Individual plants were examined and an estimate of leaf area lost to budworm feeding made. Damage was scored as follows: 0 = no damage; 1 = less than 1.0 leaf equivalent lost; 2 = 1.0 - 2.0 leaf equivalents; 3 = more than 2.0 leaf equivalents lost; 4 = plant topped by budworm feeding. Average damage ratings were calculated by plot. After harvest and curing, tobacco from each plot was weighed and graded by a government grader. Grades were converted to a quality index (1-100, 100 high). All variables were subjected to analysis of variance and treatment means compared (where appropriate) using an LSD test. Before analysis, the proportion of plants infested was transformed to the arcsine of square root of proportion. Data shown in the table are not transformed and proportion of plants infested is presented as percentage of plants infested.
Gaucho as an Aphicide in Winter Wheat,1996B
Authors: Bragg D. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were seeded by farm 30 ft drill on 5 Sep (37.5 lb/acre) at the Dye Farm near Pomeroy, WA. Gaucho 480 was applied at 3 rates as seed treatment: 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 oz (AI)/cwt. An untreated plot served as the check. Plots were 30 X 600 ft replicated 4 times in a RCB design. The experiment was designed to measure: 1) the impact of aphids on winter wheat yields; and 2) the value of Gaucho as an aphicide in winter wheat. Treatments were evaluated at 30, 50, and 65 days after plant emergence (DAE) by visual examination for aphid species per tiller plus number of aphids per tiller. At maturity, crop was harvested by cutting 24 X 600 ft strips from each replicate with a combine. Mean grain yields and test weight (tw) were calculated per acre for each replicate.
Control of Hessian Fly and Russian Wheat Aphid in Spring Wheat, 1996A
Authors: Bragg D. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were seeded by large plot drill on 6 May (60 lb/acre) at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Materials Introduction Center at Central Ferry, WA. Gaucho 480 was applied at 3 rates of seed treatments: 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 oz(AI)/cwt. An untreated check was also set up. Plots were 15 X 354 ft per replicate with 4 replicates in a RCB design. The experiment was designed to measure: 1) the impact of Hessian fly on spring wheat; 2) the impact of Russian wheat aphid on spring wheat; and 3) the efficacy of Gaucho as an insecticide for spring wheat. Treatments were evaluated for % RWA infested tillers on 20, 30, 40, 50, and 65 DAE. Treatments were also evaluated at 65 DAE (Feeks scale 10.5) for no. heads/10 plants, no tillers/10 plants, % HF infested tillers, % RWA infested tillers, and % RWA parasitized by DR. Harvest data were collected on 9 Aug by cutting a 12 ft strip per replicate with a JD55 combine, and weighing the grain on weight pads.
Control of Hessian Fly and Russian Wheat Aphid in Spring Wheat, 1996B
Authors: Bragg D. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were seeded 14 Apr (60 lb/acre) at the Dye Farm near Pomeroy, WA. Two rates of Gaucho 480 (0.5, and 1.0 oz(AI)/cwt) were applied as seed treatments, and an untreated check was set up. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replicates of 36 X 400 ft each. Numbers of heads and tillers per 10 plants, % HF-infested tillers, and % RWA-infested tillers were recorded at 85 days after plant emergence (DAE) (Feeks scale 10.5). Harvest data were collected on 21 Aug by cutting 24 ft strips per replicate and weighing the grain in a weigh wagon. Yield per acre was calculated for each treatment.
Control of Banks Grass Mite in Winter Wheat, 1996
Authors: Hammon R.W. , Judson F.M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Four insecticides were applied to irrigated winter wheat in Fruita, CO. ; on 19 Apr with a CO2-powered sprayer calibrated to apply 17.4 gpa through six LF4 nozzles mounted on a10-ft boom. Plots were 10 ft X 25 ft, arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Plots were sampled on 19 Apr (PRE), 29 Apr (10 DAT), 6 May (17 DAT), and 24 May (35 DAT). On the first three sampling dates, a 4-inch2 section of wheat was cut at ground level and removed from the field in a paper bag. Each sample was weighed before being placed in a Berlese funnel for 24 h to extract mites. Mites were counted under a dissecting microscope, and the number divided by the sample weight to get a BGM/g value which was used for statistical analysis. On the final sampling date (35 DAT), 25 random tillers were picked from each plot, and placed in Berlese funnels for 24 h to extract mites. The number of BGM/tiller was used for statistical analysis. The plots were harvested on 23 Jul using a modified Gleaner L combine with on board scales. Test weight was measured from a sub sample of the grain harvested from each plot.
Green June Beetle Control in Bermudagrass Pastures, December 1995
Authors: Flanders K. L. , Baltikauski M. N. , DeLamar Z. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located in Westville, FL, or sandy Coastal Plain soil. Bermudagrass stubble was 3-4 inches tall. Test 1 and Test 2 were conducted in adjoining bermudagrass pastures. Average air temperature between application and evaluation was 36°F in Test 1, and 60°F in Test 2. Soil temperature at a depth of 4 inches was 47°F and 57°F, respectively. Plots were arranged in a CR design with three replications. Plots, 40 ft X 40 ft in each test, were adjacent in Test 1, and separated by 40 ft buffers in Test 2. Insecticide was applied 9 Dec (Test 1) and 12 Dec (Test 2) with a COypowered boom sprayer in 43 gpa (30 psi, flat fan nozzles). Grub density was assessed by excavating soil samples, 8 X 8 X 12 inches deep, and recording number of live green June beetle grubs in the soil, and number of dead or dying grubs on the soil surface. Ten random samples from each site were dug just before treatment. Each plot was evaluated 12 Dec (Test 1). or 20 Dec (Test 2) by excavating five soil samples (total of 2.2 ft2) from the center of each plot.
Evaluation of Chlorpyrifos Formulations for Mole Cricket Control on Golf Course Fairways, 1996
Authors: Hertl P. T. , Brandenburg R. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three chlorpyrifos formulations were evaluated for the control of mole cricket nymphs at the Fox Squirrel Country Club in Brunswick Co. Plots 20 ft X 20 ft were established on a bermudagrass fairway in an area heavily infested with recently hatched mole cricket nymphs. Treatments were replicated four times and randomly assigned to the plots. All insecticides were applied on 17 Jul using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 30 gpa. Fairway irrigation was used to apply 0.25 inch of water to the test site prior to application and 0.5 inch of water immediately following application. Air temperature was 85°F and 4 inch soil temperature was 86°F. Soil at the test site was classified a Kureb fine sand with a pH of 6.2 and 0.41 % humic matter. Plots were evaluated 24 Jul (7 DAT), 8 Aug (22DAT), 22 Aug (36 DAT), 5 Sep (50 DAT), 19 Sep (64 DAT), using the damage grid rating method developed by Dr. Pat Cobb at Auburn University. A m2 grid divided into nine subsections was placed randomly in each plot and a damage rating of 0 to 9 was given, depending on the number of subsections in which fresh damage was observed. Five damage ratings were taken in each plot and the ratings were averaged. The actual damage means are reported in the table. All data were transformed X + 0.5 prior to ANOVA and Tukey’s Studentized Range Test.
Residual Control of Black Cutworms on a Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green, 1996
Authors: Held D. , Potter D. A. , Williamson C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was conducted on a sand-based putting green at the University of Kentucky Spindletop Farm, near Lexington. The green is irrigated with about 0.2 inches daily and mowed 6 times per week at 3/16 inch cutting height. Plots (6 x 6 ft) were arranged in a RCB with each block representing one treatment date. The first treatment date was 18 Jul, with subsequent treatments repeated weekly. The final treatment was 7 Aug, 1 day before harvest. Conditions during applications ranged from 78-88°F with winds &lt; 10 mph. Irrigation was withheld for 1 day after treatment. Daily rainfall amounts during the experiment were &lt;¼ inch except on 31 Jul, when 1.94 inches of rain fell. Liquid applications were applied at 50 gpa using a low volume, CO2 sprayer equipped with 4 Spraying System 8004 Tee Jet nozzles that delivered 2109 g pressure per cm2. Grass clippings were harvested from plots on 8 Aug, with a Bunton greens mower and placed in labeled bags. In the lab, grass clippings were placed in 15 X 100mm plastic petri dishes with 10 neonate BCW larvae. Additional clippings were replaced as needed to maintain ample food source. Petri dishes were placed in a growth chamber and larvae were allowed to feed until 12 Aug. All dishes and clippings were then inspected for BCW larvae. Larvae were noted as dead or alive.
Evaluation of Naf Formulations, Dursban Pro, and Scimitar Cs for Management of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass, 1995
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatment plots were 10 X 8 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times at University Park, PA. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 6 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on an 8 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 350 ml of water/80 ft2 or delivering 1.1 gal/1,000 ft2. Treatments were made on 31 Jul when black cutworm feeding damage was first observed on close cut bentgrass. An average of 5.0/yd2 cutworm larvae was recorded on 31 Jul prior to treatment. At treatment time (31 Jul), the following soil and environment conditions existed: air temperature, 74°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 82°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 72°F; RH, 68%; amount oJ thatch, 0.125-0.25 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 52.8% sand, 35.2% silt, 12.0% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight). 31.3%; organic matter, 3.3%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.6; time of application, early morning; and clear skies. The area received 0.1 inch of irrigation immediately after treatment. Evaluation was done on three sampling dates (3 Aug, 7 Aug, 15 Aug) by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 15 ml Lemon Joy™ dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water. Extremely high temperatures reduced natural occurring black cutworm populations. All treatments on the last two of the 3 sampling dates provided significant reduction of black cutworm larvae relative to untreated check. No phytotoxicity was noted.
Control of Black Turfgrass Ataenius Adults on a Golf Course Fairway, 1995
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted on an irrigated golf course fairway at Westfield Country Club, Westfield Center, in Medina Co., OH. Insecticides were applied 15 May to plots 6 ft by the width of the fairway (≥65 ft) replicated four times. Liquid treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer and Teejet™ XR8006VS nozzles at 35 psi pressure that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2. The granular treatments were applied with a 2-ft drop spreader. After all treatments were applied, the area was irrigated with approximately ¼inch of water. Environmental conditions at the time of treatment were as follows: BTA - ovipositing adults present; turf-level dry, % inch ht, 100% bentgrass, 1 inch of thatch; soil-moist, 60°F at 1 inch and 3 inches deep; weather-sunny, 64°F, 0-8 mph wind. Evaluation was done on 10 Jul by counting number of live BTA larvae in 10 samples 4% inches in diam from each plot. Analysis of variance was done on plot totals and means separated by DMRT at P = 0.05.
Comparison of Three Rates of a Growth Regulator on Black Cutworm, 1996
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan , Carney Bryan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two trials were conducted at Amherst Country Club, Amherst, NH. In the first trial treatments were applied on 6 Sep to a bentgrass nursery and rated 13 Sep. In the second, treatments were applied 12 Sep and rate 19 Sep. The treatments were applied in an RCB design, 4 replicates per treatment, with 1 -ft buffers between plots. All treatments were applied with a 2-wheel bicycle-type CO2 boom sprayer, using four 8004 nozzles with 50-mesh screens. The volume of water and insecticide mix per plot was 2 gal/1000ft2 delivered at 40 psi. BCW larvae were predominantly 3rd-4th instar in the 1st trial and 1 st-2nd instar in the 2nd trial. Weather conditions were as follows: on 6 Sep, air temp, 81°F; sky, clear; wind, calm. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 83°F; temp at 1-inch depth, 74°F; soil pH, 5.7; dry matter, 80%; moisture, 20%; organic matter, 4%; soil texture, loam; sand, 60%; silt, 20%; clay, 20%. On 12 Sep, air temp was 74°F; soil temp at surface was 71°F; at 1-inch depth, 69°F. The trials were rated for live larvae by soaking each plot with Joy dish soap and water to force larvae to the surface.
Management of Scarab White Grubs with Formulations of Mycogen’s MYX910 and MYX942, and Oftanol 5G on a Golf Course Rough, 1996
Authors: Heller P.R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area consisted primarily of Kentucky bluegrass (30%) and perennial ryegrass (70%) in Lancaster County, PA. Treatment plots were 8 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 S.S. CO 7F-VS-5 flood jet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 417 ml of water/48 ft2 or delivering 2.29 gal/1000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker. At treatment time (29 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 67°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 70°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 68°F; RH, 98%; amount of thatch, 0.25 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: % sand, 19.6; % silt, 59.0; % clay, 21.4; organic matter 2.7%; 15.2% soil moisture (oven dry weight); water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.7; application time, early-morning; and skies clear with fog. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.4 inch of water. A total of 0.18 inch of rain was recorded on 28 Aug. Post-treatment counts were made on 26 Sep. Three ft2 sod samples were randomly laken from each replicate, and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs/ft2 was recorded.