bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statin Therapy and C-reactive Protein in Patients with Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Razi Bahman , Imani Danyal , Aslani Saeed , Reiner Zeljko , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Increased levels of inflammation markers in patients with kidney disease,
particularly chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important risk factor. This study explored
whether the effect of more potent statins on inflammation in CKD patients is dose-dependent,
whether there is any difference between the hydrophilic and lipophilic statins concerning their effects
on inflammation markers in patients with CKD, and whether the duration of treatment with
statins has any effect on markers of inflammation in these patients.

Methods:
A systematic literature search of Scopus, PubMed, and ISI Web of Science databases
from inception to August 2022 was performed. Eligible studies were stratified based on a target
population, intervention duration, dosage and type of statins (high intensity statin and moderate/
low intensity), and solubility of statins. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg’s regression
asymmetry test for visual inspection of funnel plots. Non-linear effects of dosage of statins
and treatment duration were also examined by fractional polynomial modeling.

Results:
Meta-analysis of 10 RCTs (12 studies) on 264 patients with kidney disease and 254 controls
showed a significant hs-CRP lowering effect of the dose of statin. Both hydrophilic and
lipophilic statins had significant hs-CRP lowering effects. Meta-analysis of 6 publications (7
studies) evaluating the impact of statins on CRP in 235 patients and 197 control subjects showed a
significant negative association between treatment with statins group and CRP levels.

Conclusion:
Statin treatment decreases significantly the levels of CRP and hs-CRP in patients
with kidney disease.
Cortical Thickness and Complexity in aMCI Patients: Altered Pattern Analysis and Early Diagnosis
Authors: Tao Mengling , Xie Zhongfeng , Chen Peiying , Xu Xiaowen , Wang Peijun 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) is a prodromal phase of
Alzheimer's disease. Although recent studies have focused on cortical thickness as a key indicator,
cortical complexity has not been exhaustively investigated.

Objectives:
To investigate the altered patterns of cortical features in aMCI patients and their correlation
with memory function for early identification.

Methods:
25 aMCI patients and 54 normal controls underwent neuropsychological assessments and
3D-T1 MRI scans. Cortical thickness and complexity measures were calculated using CAT12
software. Differences between groups were analyzed using two-sample t-tests, and multiple linear
regression was employed to identify features associated with memory function. A support vector
machine (SVM) model was constructed using multidimensional structural indicators to evaluate
diagnostic performance.

Results:
aMCI patients exhibited extensive reductions in cortical thickness (pFDR-corrected
<0.05), with complexity reduction predominantly in the left parahippocampal, entorhinal, rostral
anterior cingulate, fusiform, and orbitofrontal (pFWE-corrected<0.05). Cortical indicators exhibited
robust correlations with auditory verbal learning test (AVLT) scores. Specifically, the fractal
dimension of the left medial orbitofrontal region was independently and positively associated with
AVLT-short delayed score (r=0.348, p=0.002), while the gyrification index of the left rostral anterior
cingulate region showed independent positive correlations with AVLT-long delayed and
recognition scores (r=0.408, p=0.000; r=0.332, p=0.003). Finally, the SVM model integrating these
cortical features achieved an AUC of 0.91, with 82.28% accuracy, 76% sensitivity, and 85.19%
specificity.

Conclusion:
Cortical morphological indicators provide important neuroimaging evidence for the
early diagnosis of aMCI. Integrating multiple structural indicators significantly improves diagnostic
accuracy.
Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Post-Kasai Portoenterostomy in Biliary Atresia through Shotgun Proteomics Analysis
Authors: Ngoenmak Thitima , Pongcharoen Sutatip , Phaonakrop Narumon , Thaisakun Siriwan , Roytrakul Sittiruk 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Biliary Atresia (BA) causes neonatal cholestasis jaundice. The primary
therapeutic treatment for BA is the Kasai portoenterostomy. Current diagnostic approaches for BA
are imprecise and time-consuming, making early diagnosis crucial for successful treatment outcomes.

Objective:
This study aims to analyze proteins from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)
obtained from children with BA compared with healthy children

Methods and Study Design:
We employed a large-scale, total shotgun quantitative serum proteomics
approach to analyze the protein from PBMC samples from a discovery cohort. This approach
allowed for the simultaneous identification and quantification of multiple proteins, enabling
the detection of disease-specific protein expression patterns. The study is proteomic-based
study.

Results:
We identified 24 proteins, by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis
that exhibited high discriminatory power for five subjects with BA post-Kasai operation compared
to ten healthy controls. ATP2A3, LIN28B, SLC25A3, ITGB3, COX5A, and HLA-B identified
proteins of upregulation were predicted to associate with BA post-Kasai operation.

Discussion:
Our findings highlight the utility of proteomic techniques in BA research. The identified
proteomic markers offer promise for improving BA diagnostic accuracy and timeliness, leading
to enhanced treatment outcomes for affected children.

Conclusion:
Proteomic analysis revealed a set of potential biomarkers for early and accurate diagnosis
of biliary atresia. These biomarkers hold significant clinical value and have the potential to
transform the management of biliary atresia by facilitating timely intervention and improving patient
outcomes.
Exploring the Mechanism of Influence of Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Wu Yang , Niu Jingjing , Bu Lei , Li Cong , Liu Yuxin , Jiang Jinrui , Xu Qingbin , Ma Ping , Zhou Ru 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
This study mainly made use of network pharmacology and molecular docking to
analyze the therapeutic mechanism of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by the traditional medicinal
food plant Lycium barbarum L. in Ningxia.

Methods:
The related targets and active compounds in PAH and Lycium barbarum L. were analyzed
through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform
(TCMSP), GeneCards databases, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases、
Cytoscape (3.7.1) software、the STRING database、the Database for Annotation Visualization and
Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database. In addition, the main active compounds were molecularly
docked with key targets.

Results:
The results showed that 35 active ingredients of Lycium barbarum L. were obtained. The
protein-protein interaction (PPI) network includes 140 potential target proteins. Gene Ontology (GO)
enrichment analysis yielded 34 entries from three parts: biological processes, cell composition, and
molecular function. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis
obtained 157 pathways, mainly involving Chemical carcinogenesis receptor activation, Lipid and atherosclerosis,
Hepatitis B/C, Chemical carcinogenesis reactive oxygen species, as well as Signaling pathways
such as HIF-1, TNF, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK. Molecular docking results showed that the affinity of
the key targets to quercetin is less than -5 kcal/mol, and the affinity with betaine is less than 0.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, it was preliminarily predicted that the active compounds of Lycium barbarum
L., such as quercetin and betaine, acted on key targets such as AKT1, EGFR, MYC played an
intervention role in PAH by regulating multiple signaling pathways, which provided a theoretical
basis for the development and application of Lycium barbarum L. and the treatment of PAH.
Investigation of Toxicity of the Combined Exposure of Microplastics and Arsenic (III) on Clams
Authors: Zeng Liqing , Chen Yazhen , Pan Baiqi , Yang Hui , Chen Yuyan , Xu Mei , Chen Songmei , Yang Fan , Gu Chongyu 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Microplastics is a new type of global pollutant that can absorb pollutants
in the environment and enter the food chain. Arsenic (As) is a kind of heavy metal element,
and its pollution to the environment has been triggered concern. Currently, the escalating threat
to marine ecology posed by both microplastics and heavy metal pollution is garnering increasing
attention, particularly concerning their detrimental impact on human health

Methods:
The aim of this paper is to study the adsorption of As by microplastics and their combined
toxic effects on clams, which were determined by joint toxicity test.

Results:
During the initial 48 hours, the fatality rates for larval clams exposed to As (III)-
adsorbed microplastics, including polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS),
polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) at concentrations ranging
from 10 mg/L to 500 mg/L, varied in the range of 0-30.0%, 0-10.0%, 0-30.0%, 0-15.0%, and 0-
50.0%, respectively. Similarly, adult clams exhibited fatality rates within the ranges of 0-35.0%,
0-25.0%, 0-30.0%, 0-50.0%, and 0-15.0%. However, these rates increased significantly after 48
hours, reaching 80.0% (PP), 62.0% (PE), 40.0% (PS), 60.0% (PVC), and 70.0% (PMMA) for
larval clams, and 85.0% (PP), 72.0% (PE), 40.0% (PS), 72.0% (PVC), and 65.0% (PMMA) for
adult clams, respectively. In contrast, when exposed to microplastics concentrations exceeding
1000 mg/L with adsorbed As (III), both larval and adult clams experienced fatality rates that
initially peaked between 55.0% and 100.0% within the first 48 hours. Throughout the entire
incubation period with As (III) alone, the fatality rates for larval and adult clams remained relatively
low, ranging from 0-20.0% and 0-15.0%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The mortality rate of clams directly correlated with the input of microplastic particles
containing As (III); specifically, an increase in the concentration of microplastics resulted in
higher fatality rates and accelerated death rates among the clams. Clams demonstrated varying
toxicological responses to the different types of microplastics.
Associative Learning in Subclinical Hypothyroidism at Different Ranges of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone: A Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) Study of Visual Paired Association Learning Task
Authors: Kaur Jhandi Satkarjit , Shenoy Shweta , Singh Ajaypal 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Associative learning deficits are constantly found in subclinical hypothyroidism
(SCH). Despite achieving normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, a considerable
number of patients undergoing levothyroxine (LT-4) treatment frequently complain
about memory retrieval. The Paired Association Learning (PAL) task involves computerised
testing on the CANTAB- Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, also considered
a screening tool for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate the impact of different levels of TSH on visual associative
learning in SCH and determine if these impairments were reversed with LT-4.

Methods:
A total of 134 participants were included in this cross-sectional study. Group 1: 35
healthy controls; patients with SCH (Group 2: 33 newly identified cases; Group 3: 32 patients
on LT-4 with elevated TSH; Group 4: 34 euthyroid but on LT-4). A thyroid profile and a neuropsychological
clinical assessment were done. The visual PAL task was performed on CANTAB.

Results:
PAL was significantly impaired (p = <0.05) in all 3 patient groups as compared to
Group 1. The PAL total errors (adjusted) scores were significantly higher in Groups 2 and 3,
indicating that associative learning is definitely impaired in SCH, reaching levels previously
seen in patients with AD.

Conclusion:
Our findings encourage screening for visual associative learning or memory retrieval
in patients with SCH. The study present has established a more reasonable threshold of
TSH 2.5mIU/L to encourage examination of associative learning and the initiation of LT-4 in
SCH. Poor PAL task performance in patients with SCH may have significant implications in
clinical settings for suspecting AD.
Interpreting the Function of the IL-23/IL-17 Axis through Bioinformatics
Authors: Vazquez-Jimenez Sonia Isela , Gonzalez-Sanchez Grecia Denisse , Guerrero-Velazquez Celia , Guzman-Flores Juan Manuel 
Published: September 2024

Introduction/Objective:
Bioinformatic analysis is a valuable tool that allows us to
collect, archive, analyze, and disseminate biological data for further interpretation. Analysis of
the IL-23/IL-17A axis and its receptors will provide us with essential information about their
functions, interactions, and relationships with various diseases. This review aims to identify the
central genes co-expressed in the IL-23/IL-17A axis and their receptors and to understand their
ontology and modifying factors.

Methods:
We used several databases, including COXPRESdb to obtain the co-expressed genes,
ShinyGO and ToppGene platforms to explore gene functional enrichment, and the NetworkAnalyst
3.0 platform for gene expression profiling.

Results:
We found that genes encoding IL-23/IL-17A axis proteins and their receptors mainly
respond to microbial components, participate in the inflammatory response, and are primarily
associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In addition, we observed an association
of the IL-23/IL-17 axis with Behcet's disease, Graft-versus-host disease, and Hodgkin's disease,
although there is no direct evidence of their interaction.

Conclusion:
The IL-23/IL-17A axis is associated with several inflammatory and autoimmune
pathologies. Therefore, we suggest further research to confirm its role in these pathologies and,
if possible, use it as a therapeutic target.
Estrogen Receptor-α rs9340799 Polymorphism Influences Bone Mineral Density in Women Over 60 Years of Age and Women Who are Postmenopausal for More than 10 Years
Authors: Mazaydeh Rawan O. , Irshaid Yacoub M. , Al Shhab Mohammad A. , Khawaja Nahla , El-Khateeb Mohammed , Ajlouni Kamel M. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disorder where genetic and
environmental factors contribute to changes in bone mineral density. Several genetic
polymorphisms are associated with low bone mineral density and osteoporosis risk,
including estrogen receptor-α rs2234693 and rs9340799 single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Objective:
To determine the allele frequencies of these polymorphisms among
postmenopausal Jordanian women and to assess their association with low bone mineral
density and osteoporosis among studied subjects.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study enrolled 450 postmenopausal Jordanian women
having dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans at the National Center for Diabetes,
Endocrinology, and Genetics. The study protocol was approved by this center
"Institutional Review Board." The estrogen receptor-α gene sequence containing
rs2234693 and rs9340799 polymorphisms was identified by polymerase chain reaction,
followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results:
The wild-type allele frequencies of rs2234693 (T) and rs9340799 (A) were 54%
and 59%, respectively. The rs9340799 GG genotype was significantly associated with
lower femoral neck T-scores in women who were postmenopausal for more than 10 years
(p = 0.023) and was significantly associated with lower lumbar spine (p = 0.033) and
femoral neck (p = 0.002) T-scores in women older than 60 years of age. However, there
was no association between rs2234693, rs9340799, or their haplotypes with osteoporosis
or bone mineral density T-score values. The two polymorphisms were in Heidy-Weinberg
equilibrium and exhibited strong but incomplete linkage disequilibrium.

Conclusion:
The data suggest that rs9340799 polymorphism may render some women
more susceptible to osteoporosis than others.
Pharmacogenetics of Metformin Monotherapy: GSTM1/T1 Polymorphisms and T2DM Risk
Authors: Shukla Ashwin Kumar , Awasthi Komal , Usman Kauser , Banerjee Monisha 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Metformin is a key treatment for type 2 diabetes, often linked to
oxidative stress and genetic factors like GSTM1 and GSTT1 variations

Methods:
We studied 150 subjects, examining how their deletion polymorphisms in these
genes correlate with Met treatment response. Those with GSTM1/T1 deletions (-/-) had a
higher T2DM risk (2.71-fold, P=0.005).

Results:
Met responders with GSTM1(16bp) deletions had lower glucose levels compared
to non-responders (P<0.0001), and similar trends were observed with GSTT1(54bp) deletions.
Responders with both deletions also managed lipids better (P=0.0256; P=0.0151).
Non-responders with GSTM1/T1 null genotypes had better HDL management (P=0.007).

Conclusion:
These findings suggested that GSTM1 deletion could predict T2DM susceptibility
and Met response.
Tribological Investigations of AA2024/SiC/Eggshell Reinforced Hybrid Composite using NSGA-II and TOPSIS
Authors: Nagpal Yatan , Sharma Rohit , Sharma Neeraj , Tyagi R K 
Published: September 2024

Aim:
The disposal of chicken eggshell [ES], a byproduct of aviculture, is a major environmental
issue. Chicken eggshell can be utilized to create new low-cost, low-density consumer
goods materials. In order to alleviate environmental difficulties, the proper usage of ES as a biowaste
should be actively pursued.

Background:
Composites emerged as the most promising materials in recent years. Nowadays, hybrid
aluminium matrix composites were developed by utilizing of low-cost reinforcements with less
density and high strength. Composite materials which were developed by use of agricultural waste
as a reinforcement can be utilized in various applications/industries such as aeronautical, manufacturing,
automobile etc.

Objective:
The objective of present work is to find out the tribological characteristics of
AA2024/SiC/carbonized eggshell hybrid green aluminium metal matrix composites [AMMCs]. The
wear rate [WR] and coefficient of friction [CF] were investigated at different combinations of load,
reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance.

Methods:
A Taguchi-based L16 orthogonal array methodology was used to set up the combination
of parameters. The mathematical models have been developed, and solved using non-dominating
sorting genetic algorithm-II [NSGA-II]. The solutions were predicted using NSGA-II were ranked
using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution [TOPSIS]. The confirmation
experiments were performed at three suggested settings [rank 1 to rank 3]. In one of the patents
[CN113957284B] the development method for hybrid composites is discussed.

Results:
The results revealed that hardness of AA2024 hybrid green composite was observed to be
enhanced as compared to base aluminium alloy. Wear resistance of the AA2024/SiC/carbonized
eggshell composite was also improved. The patents on Al composite [US 3649227] revealed that
after the addition of reinforcement, the mechanical characteristics such as tensile strength was improved.

Conclusion:
Wear resistance is improved on AA2024/SiC/carbonized eggshell composite. With an
increase in reinforcement percentage and speed, the WR decreased from 29.16×10-5 g/min to
26×10-5 g/min. The CF increases from 0.4 to 0.46 with the increase in reinforcement percentage,
from 3% to 12%.
An Improved and Efficient Practical Process for the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Solifenacin Succinate as an Antimuscarinic Agent
Authors: Kale Balkrishna Ramchandra , Hamid Hinna , Alam Mohammad Sarwar 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Solifenacin succinate is an active pharmaceutical drug molecule that is
extremely effective in treating overactive bladder symptoms, such as urine incontinence, urgency,
and frequent urination. The free base is yellow oil, and the salt solifenacin succinate forms yellowish
crystals that are extremely stable and effective. Solifenacin is a very active antagonist due to its
potent muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist characteristics. Furthermore, solifenacin is effective in
the treatment of bowel syndrome (IBS) by blocking M3 receptors and a broad spectrum of bowel
dysfunction.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to develop a practical and highly efficient scalable synthesis
of enantiomerically pure solifenacin as an antimuscarinic agent.

Methods:
In this work, the Zn(OTf)2 catalyst was used to develop a novel, environmentally benign,
high-yielding, and robust protocol for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure solifenacin succinate.

Results:
The synthesis of enantiomerically pure solifenacin succinate was achieved in seven steps
using commercially available phenylethylamine and benzoyl chloride as the starting materials. We
carried out the reaction optimization by treatment of (S)-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-
carbonyl chloride and (R)-(-)-3-Quinuclidinolin in the presence of Zn(OTf)2 catalyst. Furthermore,
the solifenacin-free base was treated with succinic acid to afford its corresponding salt. The highlight
of this protocol is the use of 20 mol% Zn(OTf)2catalyst for the first time. The readily available
starting materials, robustness, easy operation, high yield, and low cost make the approach more
attractive and highly applicable.

Conclusion:
In summary, we developed a novel Zn(OTf)2-catalysed environmentally benign, highyielding,
and robust protocol for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure solifenacin succinate. The
proposed strategy is highly cost-effective and avoids the use of hazardous and unsafe sensitive,
strong bases as well as tedious work-up procedures. Effective synthesis was achieved using readily
available starting materials and reagents. Thus, the protocol is highly efficient, compatible, and
commercially viable for the synthesis of important solifenacin products.
Development and in vitro Evaluation of Nanoemulsion-based Polyherbal Hair Serum Formulations for Leave-in Hair Treatments
Authors: David Sheba R. , Rajabalaya Rajan 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Hair is a prominent physical feature that is found in all mammals. Different
hair types will display different hair physicochemical properties (colour and appearance),
mechanical resistance and reactivity to chemical agents and surface properties.

Objectives:
This study aims to prepare polyherbal-based hair serum to conduct stability tests and
in-vitro evaluation tests to assess the efficacy of hair serum on different types of human hair
tresses for the purpose of leave-in hair treatments

Methods and Material:
The hair care formulations, such as hair serum, were prepared and their
stability was evaluated through a series of tests. The stability tests were conducted by evaluating
the organoleptic properties of the formulations, such as colour, odour, surface appearance, consistency,
and clarity, under various environmental conditions over a period of four weeks.

Results:
The relative viscosity of the hair serum is 7.84mPa/s, relative density is 0.997g/ml, and
an average particle size is 1079 ± 21.22 μm. Over the course of 4 weeks, the nanoemulsion-based
hair serum was stable between 25 – 40 °C and away from direct sunlight exposure.

Conclusion:
The formulated polyherbal hair serum can be used as a leave-in treatment to maintain
hair’s moisture balance while improving hair combability. Further improvements in the hair
product formulation can be made in the future to increase their potential for commercialisation