bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Assessment of an Engineered Bioactive Graft in Myocardial Infarction: Impact on Cardiac Function and Scar Healing
Authors: Gálvez-Montón Carolina , Bragós Ramon , Soler-Botija Carolina , Díaz-Güemes Idoia , Prat-Vidal Cristina , Crisóstomo Verónica , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco M. , Llucià-Valldeperas Aida , Bogónez-Franco Paco , Perea-Gil Isaac , Roura Santiago , Bayes-Genis Antoni 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering, which combines cells and biomaterials, is promising for limiting the sequelae of myocardial infarction (MI). We assessed myocardial function and scar evolution after implanting an engineered bioactive impedance graft (EBIG) in a swine MI model. The EBIG comprises a scaffold of decellularized human pericardium, green fluorescent protein-labeled porcine adipose tissue-derived progenitor cells (pATPCs), and a customized-design electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) monitoring system. Cardiac function was evaluated noninvasively by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Scar healing was evaluated by using the EIS system within the implanted graft. Additionally, infarct size, fibrosis, and inflammation were explored by histopathology. Upon sacrifice 1 month after the intervention, MRI detected a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (7.5% ± 4.9% vs. 1.4% ± 3.7%; p = .038) and stroke volume (11.5 ± 5.9 ml vs. 3 ± 4.5 ml; p = .019) in EBIG-treated animals. Noninvasive EIS data analysis showed differences in both impedance magnitude ratio (−0.02 ± 0.04 per day vs. −0.48 ± 0.07 per day; p = .002) and phase angle slope (−0.18° ± 0.24° per day vs. −3.52° ± 0.84° per day; p = .004) in EBIG compared with control animals. Moreover, in EBIG-treated animals, the infarct size was 48% smaller (3.4% ± 0.6% vs. 6.5% ± 1%; p = .015), less inflammation was found by means of CD25+ lymphocytes (0.65 ± 0.12 vs. 1.26 ± 0.2; p = .006), and a lower collagen I/III ratio was detected (0.49 ± 0.06 vs. 1.66 ± 0.5; p = .019). An EBIG composed of acellular pericardium refilled with pATPCs significantly reduced infarct size and improved cardiac function in a preclinical model of MI. Noninvasive EIS monitoring was useful for tracking differential scar healing in EBIG-treated animals, which was confirmed by less inflammation and altered collagen deposit.
Deformation in the asthenospheric mantle beneath the Carpathian‐Pannonian Region
Authors: Qorbani Ehsan , Bokelmann Götz , Kovács István , Horváth Frank , Falus György 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTo better understand the evolution and present‐day tectonics of the Carpathian‐Pannonian Region (CPR), we characterize the upper mantle anisotropic structure. We present a shear wave splitting analysis from teleseismic events recorded at the Carpathian Basin Project and permanent stations located in the CPR. The results show a large‐scale uniform NW‐SE fast orientation under the entire CPR. Compared with the complexity of geologic structures, the anisotropy expresses a relatively simple pattern of deformation. We attribute this anisotropy to an asthenospheric origin and interpret it as flow‐induced alignment within the upper mantle. We also observe a few measurements depicting NE‐SW fast orientation in line with the Mid‐Hungarian Shear Zone. This suggests the likely contribution of either lithosphere or northeastward flow into a slab gap under the northern Dinarides. We observe splitting delay times on average of 1 s, showing noticeable change (60%) in the middle Pannonian basin. This change correlates well with the variation in the thickness of low‐velocity zones that were previously imaged between a depth of 75 and 400 km by velocity tomography. In order to evaluate the relation between anisotropy and tectonics, we compare our data with the tectonic models that have so far been suggested to explain the evolution and current‐stage tectonics of the region. We present here a plausible tectonic model responsible for the NW‐SE anisotropy within the asthenospheric mantle. In this model, NW‐SE deformation is mainly generated in a northeastward compressional tectonic regime acting in a wide region between the Adriatic microplate and the East European platform.
Modulation of chorus intensity by ULF waves deep in the inner magnetosphere
Authors: Xia Zhiyang , Chen Lunjin , Dai Lei , Claudepierre Seth G. , Chan Anthony A. , Soto‐Chavez A. R. , Reeves G. D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that chorus wave intensity can be modulated by Pc4‐Pc5 compressional ULF waves. In this study, we present Van Allen Probes observation of ULF wave modulating chorus wave intensity, which occurred deep in the magnetosphere. The ULF wave shows fundamental poloidal mode signature and mirror mode compressional nature. The observed ULF wave can modulate not only the chorus wave intensity but also the distribution of both protons and electrons. Linear growth rate analysis shows consistence with observed chorus intensity variation at low frequency (f <∼ 0.3fce), but cannot account for the observed higher‐frequency chorus waves, including the upper band chorus waves. This suggests the chorus waves at higher‐frequency ranges require nonlinear mechanisms. In addition, we use combined observations of Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) A and B to verify that the ULF wave event is spatially local and does not last long.
The effect of representing bromine from VSLS on the simulation and evolution of Antarctic ozone
Authors: Oman Luke D. , Douglass Anne R. , Salawitch Ross J. , Canty Timothy P. , Ziemke Jerald R. , Manyin Michael 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe use the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry‐Climate Model, a contributor to both the 2010 and 2014 World Meteorological Organization Ozone Assessment Reports, to show that inclusion of 5 parts per trillion (ppt) of stratospheric bromine (Bry) from very short lived substances (VSLS) is responsible for about a decade delay in ozone hole recovery. These results partially explain the significantly later recovery of Antarctic ozone noted in the 2014 report, as bromine from VSLS was not included in the 2010 Assessment. We show multiple lines of evidence that simulations that account for VSLS Bry are in better agreement with both total column BrO and the seasonal evolution of Antarctic ozone reported by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on NASA's Aura satellite. In addition, the near‐zero ozone levels observed in the deep Antarctic lower stratospheric polar vortex are only reproduced in a simulation that includes this Bry source from VSLS.
A comparison of mesospheric and low‐thermospheric winds measured by Fabry‐Perot interferometer and meteor radar over central China
Authors: Yu Tao , Xia Chunliang , Zuo Xiaomin , Huang Cong , Mao Tian , Liu Libo , Liu Zhizhao 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWind data observed by a Fabry‐Perot interferometer (FPI) and a meteor radar (MR) deployed in two stations, which are 430 km apart in ground distance, are used to study wind climatology in mesosphere/lower thermosphere over central China and compare between the measurements. A general morphologic similarity of the FPI winds and MR winds is identified with 4 year data since November 2011. At 87 km, the wind vector plots show that the FPI and MR winds agree with each other very well in all months. The zonal winds of both instruments have an apparent semiannual variation with a maximal strength of −20 m/s at around 18:00 UT in equinoctial months, and the meridional winds from both instruments have an apparent annual variation with a maximal strength of −40 m/s at around 15:00 UT in summer months. The correlation coefficients between the measurements of the two instruments are about 0.95 for meridional wind and 0.90 for zonal wind. At 97 km, the wind vector plots show that FPI and MR winds agree with each other from May to October and are obviously different in the rest months. There are very weak semiannual variations at around 18:00 UT for both zonal winds and pronounced annual variation at around 13:00 UT for both meridional winds. The correlation coefficients between the FPI and MR winds are 0.73 for zonal wind and 0.86 for meridional wind, which are overall smaller than that at 87 km. A Gaussian distribution of airglow profile is used to investigate the deviations associated with peak height and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of airglow layer. It is found that the variation of peak height could lead to about 20% variation of correlation coefficients between measurements at the height of 87 km and about 14.8% at the height of 97 km on average. The variation of FWHM could lead to a correlation coefficient variation of about 2.4% and 3.5% at the height of 87 km and 97 km, respectively. Some other reasons, such as the influence of geomagnetic field on meteor trail and the propagation of gravity waves, could also contribute to these differences between measurements.
Structure, dynamics, and seasonal variability of the Mars‐solar wind interaction: MAVEN Solar Wind Ion Analyzer in‐flight performance and science results
Authors: Halekas J. S. , Ruhunusiri S. , Harada Y. , Collinson G. , Mitchell D. L. , Mazelle C. , McFadden J. P. , Connerney J. E. P. , Espley J. R. , Eparvier F. , Luhmann J. G. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe report on the in‐flight performance of the Solar Wind Ion Analyzer (SWIA) and observations of the Mars‐solar wind interaction made during the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) prime mission and a portion of its extended mission, covering 0.85 Martian years. We describe the data products returned by SWIA and discuss the proper handling of measurements made with different mechanical attenuator states and telemetry modes, and the effects of penetrating and scattered backgrounds, limited phase space coverage, and multi‐ion populations on SWIA observations. SWIA directly measures solar wind protons and alpha particles upstream from Mars. SWIA also provides proxy measurements of solar wind and neutral densities based on products of charge exchange between the solar wind and the hydrogen corona. Together, upstream and proxy observations provide a complete record of the solar wind experienced by Mars, enabling organization of the structure, dynamics, and ion escape from the magnetosphere. We observe an interaction that varies with season and solar wind conditions. Solar wind dynamic pressure, Mach number, and extreme ultraviolet flux all affect the bow shock location. We confirm the occurrence of order‐of‐magnitude seasonal variations of the hydrogen corona. We find that solar wind Alfvén waves, which provide an additional energy input to Mars, vary over the mission. At most times, only weak mass loading occurs upstream from the bow shock. However, during periods with near‐radial interplanetary magnetic fields, structures consistent with Short Large Amplitude Magnetic Structures and their wakes form upstream, dramatically reconfiguring the Martian bow shock and magnetosphere.
The deep crust beneath the Trans‐European Suture Zone from a multiscale magnetic model
Authors: Milano Maurizio , Fedi Maurizio , Fairhead J. Derek 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe present a 3‐D interpretation of the deep magnetic sources beneath the main geological structure of central‐eastern Europe, the “Trans‐European Suture Zone” (TESZ). We used a multiscale analysis of aeromagnetic data, based on a multiscale data set generated by upward continuation of the European and Mediterranean Magnetic Project data set from 5 to 100 km altitude. We also computed the multiscale total gradient |∇T| of the multiscale field. Both of the multiscale data sets allow us to discriminate the main crustal contributions to the field at various scales, and we showed that at large altitudes the field is dominated by the sole effect of the TESZ. The multiridge geometric method was very useful in studying the complex features of the main crustal interfaces, either shallow or deep. The interpreted interfaces are largely agreement with geological models based on seismic surveys and, in some cases, complete the models out of the analyzed region. In order to estimate the deepest source depths in the TESZ region, we applied the multiridge method to the large scales (50–100 km altitude), obtaining a set of singular points at depths ranging between 35 and 40 km. Considering the heat flow trend and the geological models around the TESZ area, we found a meaningful correspondence among the location of the estimated singular points and the most abrupt variations and complex morphology features of the Moho boundary. The multiridge estimates are consistent with known structural information and can be used for a 3‐D representation of the Moho depth along the TESZ.
Alternative source models of very low frequency events
Authors: Gomberg J. , Agnew D. C. , Schwartz S. Y. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe present alternative source models for very low frequency (VLF) events, previously inferred to be radiation from individual slow earthquakes that partly fill the period range between slow slip events lasting thousands of seconds and low‐frequency earthquakes (LFE) with durations of tenths of a second. We show that VLF events may emerge from bandpass filtering a sum of clustered, shorter duration, LFE signals, believed to be the components of tectonic tremor. Most published studies show VLF events occurring concurrently with tremor bursts and LFE signals. Our analysis of continuous data from Costa Rica detected VLF events only when tremor was also occurring, which was only 7% of the total time examined. Using analytic and synthetic models, we show that a cluster of LFE signals produces the distinguishing characteristics of VLF events, which may be determined by the cluster envelope. The envelope may be diagnostic of a single, dynamic, slowly slipping event that propagates coherently over kilometers or represents a narrowly band‐passed version of nearly simultaneous arrivals of radiation from slip on multiple higher stress drop and/or faster propagating slip patches with dimensions of tens of meters (i.e., LFE sources). Temporally clustered LFE sources may be triggered by single or multiple distinct aseismic slip events or represent the nearly simultaneous chance occurrence of background LFEs. Given the nonuniqueness in possible source durations, we suggest it is premature to draw conclusions about VLF event sources or how they scale.
Paleocene Pacific Plate reorganization mirrored in formation of the Suvarov Trough, Manihiki Plateau
Authors: Pietsch Ricarda , Uenzelmann‐Neben Gabriele 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Suvarov Trough is a graben structure that deviates from the Danger Islands Troughs within the Manihiki Plateau, a Large Igneous Province (LIP) located in the Central Pacific. New high‐resolution seismic reflection data provide evidence that the graben formed in two phases during the Paleocene (65–45 Ma). In a first phase extension occurred in southwestward direction, pulling apart the northern part of the Suvarov Trough and a parallel trending unnamed trough. In a second phase a change of extensional force direction occurred from southwest to west‐northwest, forming the southern part of the Suvarov Trough that extends onto the High Plateau. The formation of the Suvarov Trough is accompanied by a series of normal fault systems that apparently formed simultaneously. Comparing the seismic results to existing Pacific paleo strain reconstructions, the timing of increased strain and local deformation direction fits well to our findings. We thus suggest that the multiple strike directions of the Suvarov Trough represent an extensional structure that was caused by the major, stepwise Pacific Plate reorganization during the Paleocene.
Evolution of young oceanic lithosphere and the meaning of seafloor subsidence rate
Authors: Korenaga Tomoko , Korenaga Jun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPlate tectonics, a special class of mantle convection so far observed only on the Earth, is responsible for a vast array of geological processes, from the generation of continental crust to the modulation of atmospheric composition. Whereas conditions for its operation are still debated, the minimum requirement is generally thought that surface plates become denser than the underlying asthenosphere so that they can subduct. Recent studies, however, have raised the possibility that even mature oceanic plates remain buoyant because chemical buoyancy is too high to be overcome by negative thermal buoyancy, challenging the basic tenet of plate tectonics. Here we show that on the basis of new integrated geophysical and petrological modeling, oceanic plates do become negatively buoyant after ∼30 Myr. Our modeling also indicates that the seafloor would subside at a rate of ∼500 m Myr−1/2, which is considerably faster than the observed rate of ∼320 m Myr−1/2. We suggest that this discrepancy in subsidence rate is best explained by the combined effect of incomplete viscous relaxation within oceanic plates, radiogenic heat production in the convecting mantle, and the secular cooling of the Earth.
Luminosity with intracloud‐type lightning initial breakdown pulses and terrestrial gamma‐ray flash candidates
Authors: Stolzenburg Maribeth , Marshall Thomas C. , Karunarathne Sumedhe , Orville Richard E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHigh‐speed video data for four hybrid lightning flashes show luminosity bursts at visible wavelengths that are time‐correlated with large, intracloud flash (IC) initial breakdown (IB) pulses in electric field change (E‐change) data. The candidate IC‐type IB pulses are large in range‐normalized E‐change amplitude and peak current (2.2‐3.4 V/m at 100 km, 2.9‐11.1 kA) and have slow (0.3‐2.2 ms duration) field changes corresponding to charge moment changes of 0.5‐15 C km. Such large amplitude IB pulses have been associated with production of terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes in prior work. No gamma‐ray observations were available for these events. In each flash, a luminosity increase was evident in the video data at the time of the largest IC‐type IB pulses, when VHF sources and E‐change data indicate the IC initial leader was at 6.1 ‐ 9.4 km altitude and rapidly developing upward. Luminosity starts increasing within ‐10 µs to +20 µs of the main IC‐type IB pulse peak, i.e., within the same 20‐µs video frame as that in which the E‐change peak occurs. Delay time between the beginning of the E‐change pulse and beginning of the luminosity increase is 40‐110 µs. Video intensities increase sharply for 80‐220 µs to maximum value, then decrease over a longer period, with entire burst durations of 300‐800 µs. The time lag between IB pulse peak and maximum luminosity is consistent with these IC‐type IB pulses starting a large current that peaks and becomes bright at the time of the main pulse peak, and lasts for several hundred microseconds.
Impacts of urbanization on summer climate in China: An assessment with coupled land‐atmospheric modeling
Authors: Cao Qian , Yu Deyong , Georgescu Matei , Wu Jianguo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractChina has experienced unprecedented urbanization since the 1980s, resulting in substantial climatic effects from local cities to broad regions. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting model dynamically coupled to an urban canopy model, we quantified the summertime climate effects of urban expansion in China's most rapidly urbanizing regions: Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and Pearl River Delta (PRD). High‐resolution landscape data of each urban agglomeration for 1988, 2000, and 2010 were used for simulations. Our results indicated summertime urban warming of 0.85°C for BTH, 0.78°C for YRD, and 0.57°C for PRD, which was substantially greater than previous estimates. Peak summer warming for BTH, YRD, and PRD was 1.5°C, 1°C, and 0.8°C, respectively. In contrast, the loss of moisture was greatest in PRD, with maximum reduction in 2 m water vapor mixing ratio close to 1 g/kg, followed by YRD and BTH with local peak humidity deficits reaching 0.8 g/kg and 0.6 g/kg, respectively. Our results were in better agreement with observations than prior studies because of the usage of high‐resolution landscape data and the inclusion of key land‐atmospheric interactions. Our study also demonstrated that the warming impacts of polycentric urban forms were less intense but more extensive in space, whereas large concentrated urban aggregations produced much stronger but localized warming effects. These findings provide critical knowledge that improves our understanding of urban‐atmospheric interactions, with important implications for urban landscape management and planning to alleviate the negative impacts of urban heat islands.
Editorial for the special issue on recent advances in adaptive methods for frequency estimation with applications
Authors: Bodson Marc , Fedele Giuseppe 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe Special Issue presents results of current research on adaptive methods designed for periodic signals with unknown frequency. The first group of papers presents new methods for parameter estimation, while the second group focuses on practical applications involving active noise and vibration control problems. These papers are compiled in a special virtual issue of the journal at the journal homepage. To access all of the papers please follow the following link http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1115/homepage/virtual_issue_-_recent_advances_in_adaptive_methods_for_frequency_estimation_wit.htm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 4‐Oxo‐but‐2‐enals through tBuONO and TEMPO‐Promoted Cascade Reactions of Homoallylic Alcohols
Authors: He Yan , Tian Miao‐Miao , Zhang Xin‐Ying , Fan Xue‐Sen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn efficient and stereoselective synthesis of (E)‐4‐oxo‐but‐2‐enals through tert‐butyl nitrite (tBuONO)‐ and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO)‐promoted cascade reactions of homoallylic alcohols is presented. Mechanistically, the formation of the title compounds involves a cascade process including nitration of the carbon–carbon double bond, oxidation of the secondary alcohol unit, and Nef transformation of the in situ formed allylic nitro scaffold. In this process, tBuONO is an efficient nitration and oxidation reagent while TEMPO is believed to act as a mild oxidant and a novel reagent to promote the Nef reaction that is accomplished under mild and neutral conditions. As a further aspect, the (E)‐4‐oxo‐but‐2‐enals thus obtained were found to be suitable substrates to condense with hydrazine hydrate to give diversely substituted pyridazines with good efficiency.
A lethal case of mamushi (Gloydius blomhoffii) bite: severe bowel symptoms as a lethal sign
Authors: Okamoto Osamu , Nakashima Ryuta , Yamamoto Soichiro , Hashimoto Takuzo , Takasaki Tomomi , Tokuda Hayato , Sato Seiichi , Gamachi Ayako , Hashimoto Hiroyuki , Inagaki Nobuhiro 
Published: September 2016

CaseWe report a lethal case of a mamushi (Gloydius blomhoffii) bite. An 84‐year‐old woman was bitten by a mamushi snake on her right elbow. She was initially treated at another hospital, however, because the swelling expanded and her renal function worsened, she was transferred to our hospital. Compartment syndrome, thrombocytopenia, respiratory arrest, and elevated creatinine kinase and lactose dehydrogenase levels were seen; renal failure progressed, and ileus and peritonitis due to colon perforation occurred.OutcomeThe patient died 35 days after the bite. An autopsy revealed widespread necrosis of the ileum, colon, and liver.ConclusionThis report supplies useful clinical information on the treatment of severe mamushi bite cases, and severe abdominal symptoms, such as ileus and melena, may be a lethal sign.