bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Length Distribution of Class I–Restricted T Cell Epitopes Is Determined by Both Peptide Supply and MHC Allele–Specific Binding Preference
Authors: Trolle Thomas , McMurtrey Curtis P. , Sidney John , Bardet Wilfried , Osborn Sean C. , Kaever Thomas , Sette Alessandro , Hildebrand William H. , Nielsen Morten , Peters Bjoern 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
HLA class I–binding predictions are widely used to identify candidate peptide targets of human CD8+ T cell responses. Many such approaches focus exclusively on a limited range of peptide lengths, typically 9 aa and sometimes 9–10 aa, despite multiple examples of dominant epitopes of other lengths. In this study, we examined whether epitope predictions can be improved by incorporating the natural length distribution of HLA class I ligands. We found that, although different HLA alleles have diverse length-binding preferences, the length profiles of ligands that are naturally presented by these alleles are much more homogeneous. We hypothesized that this is due to a defined length profile of peptides available for HLA binding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Based on this, we created a model of HLA allele–specific ligand length profiles and demonstrate how this model, in combination with HLA-binding predictions, greatly improves comprehensive identification of CD8+ T cell epitopes.
Gut Microbiota Regulates K/BxN Autoimmune Arthritis through Follicular Helper T but Not Th17 Cells
Authors: Block Katharine E. , Zheng Zhong , Dent Alexander L. , Kee Barbara L. , Huang Haochu 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The bacterial community that colonizes mucosal surfaces helps shape the development and function of the immune system. The K/BxN autoimmune arthritis model is dependent on the microbiota, and particularly on segmented filamentous bacteria, for the autoimmune phenotype. The mechanisms of how the gut microbiota affects arthritis development are not well understood. In this study, we investigate the contribution of two T cell subsets, Th17 and follicular helper T (Tfh), to arthritis and how microbiota modulates their differentiation. Using genetic approaches, we demonstrate that IL-17 is dispensable for arthritis. Antibiotic treatment inhibits disease in IL-17–deficient animals, suggesting that the gut microbiota regulates arthritis independent of Th17 cells. In contrast, conditional deletion of Bcl6 in T cells blocks Tfh cell differentiation and arthritis development. Furthermore, Tfh cell differentiation is defective in antibiotic-treated mice. Taken together, we conclude that gut microbiota regulates arthritis through Tfh but not Th17 cells. These findings have implications in our understanding of how environmental factors contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases.
Los dilemas deontológicos del uso de las redes sociales como fuentes de información. Análisis de la opinión de periodistas de tres países
Authors: Suárez Villegas Juan Carlos , Cruz Álvarez Jesús 
Published: January 2016

Las redes sociales están configurando un nuevo ecosistema informativo, caracterizado por la interactividad entre los usuarios y también entre estos usuarios y los medios de comunicación. Metodología: El presente artículo se basa en los datos obtenidos en más de sesenta entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a periodistas de tres países europeos, concretamente de España, Italia y Bélgica, para examinar hasta qué punto es valorada esta vía de relación entre periodista y ciudadanía y cómo puede ser aprovechada en el trabajo periodístico. Resultados y Conclusiones: Aunque la información esté disponible para ser publicada de forma inmediata, antes es preciso comprobar su autenticidad y calibrar su idoneidad desde distintas perspectivas. Los propios periodistas deben valorar las posibilidades brindadas por herramientas como las redes sociales, siendo conscientes al mismo tiempo de sus riesgos y desafíos para así atajarlos de una forma más efectiva.
Systematic Review of Mindfulness Practice for Reducing Job Burnout
Authors: Luken Michelle , Sammons Amanda 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. A systematic search and critical appraisal of interdisciplinary literature was conducted to evaluate the evidence for practicing mindfulness to treat job burnout and to explore implications for occupational therapy practitioners.
METHOD. Eight articles met inclusion criteria. Each study was assessed for quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. We used the U.S. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guidelines to determine strength of evidence.
RESULTS. Of the studies reviewed, participants included health care professionals and teachers; no studies included occupational therapy practitioners. Six of the 8 studies demonstrated statistically significant decreases in job burnout after mindfulness training. Seven of the studies were of fair to good quality.
CONCLUSION. There is strong evidence for the use of mindfulness practice to reduce job burnout among health care professionals and teachers. Research is needed to fill the gap on whether mindfulness is effective for treating burnout in occupational therapy practitioners.
Government Deficits in Large Open Economies: The Problem of Too Little Public Debt
Authors: Buiter Willem H. , Sibert Anne C. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Large and growing levels of public debt in the United States, United Kingdom, Japan and the Euro Area raise new interest in the cross-country effects of a large open economy’s deficits. The authors consider a dynamic optimising model with costly tax collection and exogenously given public spending and initial debt. They ask whether the externalities associated with an individual country’s deficits are positive or negative. They characterise the path of taxes in the Nash equilibrium where policy makers act nationalistically and compare this outcome to the global optimal outcome.
Where are the Women When the Tourists Arrive?: Bodies, Space, and Islamic Femininity in Rural Zanzibar
Authors: Demovic Angela R. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Since the 1980s, tourism has risen to become the most important source of foreign income for the islands of Zanzibar. This case study of a previously subsistence village that now hosts transnational tourists reveals how intersecting ideas about gender and ethnicity influence work choices made by individual women. Labor choices are a balance between production and identity, and most women's work choices maintain spatial boundaries between local people and tourists. Women's work thus serves as a site of resistance against cultural imperialism by mainland Tanzanian elites and the West. Women's bodies are sites of contestation between local and outsider identities. The discursive role of women's bodies in response to potential cultural domination results in significant limits on women's economic participation in tourism.
Ein genomweiter Ansatz bei Thrombozyten-und Gerinnungsstörungen
Authors: Laffan Michael ,   the BRIDGE Bleeding and Platelet Disorders Consortium
Published: January 2016

ZusammenfassungDie Sequenzierung von hunderttausenden menschlichen Exomen und Gesamtgenomen bietet einen immer genaueren und vollständigeren Katalog menschlicher Genvarianten. Die ersten Studien zum Verständnis von Thrombozytenstörungen anhand von genomweiten Daten wurden als genomweite Assoziationsstudien durchgeführt, in denen Loci identifiziert wurden, die mit Variationen der Blutzellparameter assoziiert sind. In diesen Studien wurden Norm-varianten genutzt, um die entsprechenden genetische Variation zu finden. Als nächstes wollten wir die genetische Grundlage von Gerinnungsstörungen untersuchen, die einen Schlüssel für neue Gene liefern könnte, welche Thrombozyten- und Gerinnungsfunktionen steuern. Das BRIDGE-Konsortium (www.bridgestudy. org) wird vom NIHR finanziert und bringt 13 Genforschungsprojekte zu seltenen Krankheiten zusammen. Ziel dieser Projekte ist die Erforschung bislang unterdiagnostizierter seltener Erbkrankheiten und die Identifizierung der zugrunde liegenden Mutationen. Wir verwendeten eine Cluster-Analyse, basierend auf der Human Phenotype Ontology, kombiniert mit Next-Generation Sequenzierungstechniken, um Patienten mit ähnlichen Phänotypen, die vermutlich aus den gleichen Gendefekten hervorgehen, leichter zu identifizieren. Vorläufige Ergebnisse bestätigen dieses Vorgehen in Clustern und ergaben auch eine Reihe neuer Gene, die für die normale und die pathologische Thrombozytenphysiologie wichtig sind.
Knowledge and Innovations for farmers from Teaching Agriculture in Ugandan Primary Schools: A Study of Kumi Communities in the Teso Sub-Region
Authors: Epeju William Faustine 
Published: January 2016

Kumi communities consist of Bukedea, Kumi and Ngora districts whose agriculture is increasingly complex with declining productivity because of population increase, climate change, low yielding technologies used &amp; poor market access impacting negatively on yields and environment. More knowledge &amp; innovations are needed by farmers. Teaching agriculture in primary schools raised hopes, hence the study. The design was exploratory. In-depth interviews, focus group discussions, questionnaires, documents and observations were used to collect data from 40 primary schools randomly selected. Of 2,069 respondents, 1,951 were head teachers, teachers and primary seven students &amp; 118 were farmers including extension workers purposively selected. Qualitative data were analysed using open coding &amp; axial coding based on objectives and research questions. Agricultural productivity and its growth rate were found low caused by many factors. Education quality and innovations attained by farmers were not assuring for successful farming and rural living. Primary school agriculture was poorly conducted encountering implementation problems such as limited land, no funds, unfavourable weather and lack of improved inputs. Forty five percent (45%) of the students preferred farming as an occupation. The key innovations attained were literacy and numeracy important in the use of improved inputs; knowledge and skills for several farm operations including environmental management and good family living. On ranking school completion rates and farm output of 16 sub-counties, Spearman Rank Order coefficient computed was positive (r = 0.421 with r<sup>2</sup> = 0.1772, 18% at 0.05 α). Increased farm output was explained by 18% through completed primary education by farmers. Smallholder farms in Kumi for years may only be run commercially through intelligent and differentiated policies, addressing market access, jobs in non-farm economy and social transfers to improve welfare of the poor. Primary school agriculture through innovations attained by farmers enhances production thus the need for more investment in it.
Asilo y libertad religiosa. La postura del TJUE
Authors: Rodríguez Moya Almudena 
Published: January 2016

Resumen.El proceso de integración europea representa un hito histórico: los países de una misma zona geográfica, previamente enemigos, deciden unirse para crear un futuro en común. Con un origen económico, los Tratados constitutivos de las Comunidades Europeas no contenían disposiciones relativas a los derechos fundamentales. Esto significa que, desde el principio, de su reconocimiento y garantía se encargará el TJUE. La esfera religiosa, cuya regulación aún es incipiente, presenta problemas que necesitan una respuesta de la UE. El papel del Tribunal de Luxemburgo resulta cada vez más importante para el reconocimiento de los derechos humanos. La posición del TJUE en una cuestión de asilo nos acerca a su posición en materia de libertad religiosa para lo que estudiamos la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia (Gran Sala) de 05 de septiembre 2012. Abstract.The process of European integration represented a historic milestone whereby countries in the same geographical area, previously enemies, chose to unite. Due to its economic origin, the founding treaties of the European Communities did not contain provisions relating to fundamental rights. This means that from the beginning its recognition and guarantee corresponded to the Court of Justice of the European Communities. The religious sphere, whose regulation is still nascent in terms of EU legislation, has come to adopt a clear interstate basis, presenting problems that need an EU response. The role of the Luxembourg Court will be increasingly important for the recognition of human rights. This can be seen in religious freedom recognition in the judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) 5 September 2012.
The “Corporeality” of the Image in Walter Gropius’ Monumentale Kunst und Industriebau Lecture
Authors: Mejía Moreno Catalina 
Published: January 2016

The introduction of a series of traded photographs of North and South American Silos into the discourse of modern architecture has been generally attributed to the German architect Walter Gropius when he published the photographs in the 1913 Jahrbuch des Deutschen Werkbundes. What remains overlooked is the photographs’ original dissemination platform: Gropius’ Monumentale Kunst und Industriebau Lichtbildervortrag [lantern slide lecture] from 1911. Based on a close reading of archival material – first the original lecture manuscript, which indicates that images and text were merged in performance, and then the photographic slides – this paper argues that the projector’s agency enables the foundation of these iconic buildings’ architectural criticism. Indeed such criticism actually takes place in the ephemeral space of the projection, rather than in the various printed media where it is usually located.
Le mur d’images au cinéma et à la télévision : mise en lumière d’un dispositif de projection mentale
Authors: Nussbaum Valentin 
Published: January 2016

Le « mur d’images » – une paroi ou un panneau recouvert de données visuelles et textuelles – est devenu en l’espace de deux décennies un motif privilégié propre au petit et au grand écran permettant de projeter littéralement et métaphoriquement le travail d’enquête ou de résolution de problèmes. À la croisée de différentes cultures de visualisation, telles que les panneaux d’affichage, collages, cartes heuristiques, story-boards ou écrans d’ordinateurs, le dispositif sert d’écran sur lequel projeter le processus de réflexion mentale des protagonistes et constitue un outil de mise en abyme de la création cinématographique et télévisuelle.
Thermoelectric properties of single-wall carbon nanotube films: Effects of diameter and wet environment
Authors: Hayashi Daisuke , Ueda Tomohiro , Nakai Yusuke , Kyakuno Haruka , Miyata Yasumitsu , Yamamoto Takahiro , Saito Takeshi , Hata Kenji , Maniwa Yutaka 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The Seebeck coefficient S and the electrical resistivity ρ of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films were investigated as a function of the SWCNT diameter and carrier concentration. The S and ρ significantly changed in humid environments through p-type carrier doping. Experiments, combined with theoretical simulations based on the non-equilibrium Green’s function theory, indicated that the power factor P can be increased threefold by the enrichment of semiconducting SWCNTs, but the nanotube diameter has little effect. The improvement of the film resistivity strongly enhances the film thermoelectric performance, manifested as increasing the value of P above 1200 µW/(m·K2).
Attitude, Self-Efficacy and Students’ Academic Performance in Mathematics
Authors: Alpacion Neryl Joy D. , Camañan Cristian T. , Gregorio Arlyn Jane L. , Panlaan Jun Mark R. , Tudy Randy A. 
Published: January 2016

Mathematics is an interesting but a very challenging subject. Several studies reported different factors which lead to students’ poor performance in this subject. This study aimed to determine the influence of attitude and self-efficacy towards academic performance in Mathematics for Grade 8 students. It employed causal correlational research design. The findings revealed that the level of academic performance of the students was satisfactory. In terms of the level of attitude towards Mathematics subject, it is either positive or negative. As to the students’ self-efficacy, it is neither high nor low. No significant difference was found on the level of attitude and self-efficacy when grouped according to gender. It was also discovered that only attitude towards Mathematics manifested significant influence to academic performance. Students who have shown positive attitude towards the subject tend to perform well. Hence, performance in Mathematics can be improved by developing a positive attitude towards the subject. Parents, teachers and other stakeholders have the responsibility of helping the students in this aspect. Keywords - Mathematics, self-efficacy, attitudes towards Mathematics, correlation study, Philippines
Subduction of a buoyant plateau at the Manila Trench: Tomographic evidence and geodynamic implications
Authors: Fan Jianke , Zhao Dapeng , Dong Dongdong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe determined P‐wave tomographic images by inverting a large number of arrival‐time data from 2749 local earthquakes and 1462 teleseismic events, which are used to depict the three‐dimensional morphology of the subducted Eurasian Plate along the northern segment of the Manila Trench. Dramatic changes in the dip angle of the subducted Eurasian Plate are revealed from the north to the south, being consistent with the partial subduction of a buoyant plateau beneath the Luzon Arc. Slab tears may exist along the edges of the buoyant plateau within the subducted plate induced by the plateau subduction, and the subducted lithosphere may be absent at depths greater than 250 km at ∼19°N and ∼21°N. The subducted buoyant plateau is possibly oriented toward NW‐SE, and the subducted plate at ∼21°N is slightly steeper than that at ∼19°N. These results may explain why the western and eastern volcanic chains in the Luzon Arc are separated by ∼50 km at ∼18°N, whereas they converge into a single volcanic chain northward, which may be related to the oblique subduction along the Manila Trench caused by the northwestern movement of the Philippine Sea Plate. A low‐velocity zone is revealed at depths of 20–200 km beneath the Manila Accretionary Prism at ∼22°N, suggesting that the subduction along the Manila Trench may stop there and the collision develops northward. The Taiwan Orogeny may originate directly from the subduction of the buoyant plateau, because the initial time of the Taiwan Orogeny is coincident with that of the buoyant plateau subduction.
Feature‐based validation of the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry magnetohydrodynamical model
Authors: Kleiber W. , Hendershott B. , Sain S. R. , Wiltberger M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractField‐aligned currents (FACs) play an important role in the coupling between the ionosphere and magnetosphere. Numerical simulation of these phenomena is of increasing interest, but validation has been hampered by a lack of a formal framework to compare simulations to satellite‐derived products. We develop a statistical approach to compare FAC simulations from global magnetohydrodynamical models against satellite products. We introduce a robust algorithm that automatically detects and defines regions 1 and 2 FACs. In an example, currents derived from the Iridium satellites are compared against simulated currents from two resolutions of the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry model on one solar event. We assess both average and structured discrepancies, the former being a level shift of the physical model away from the satellite product, while structural discrepancy refers to time‐varying, continuous differences. For this event, the lower resolution version of the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry is shown to be a poor representation of the satellite‐derived FACs, while the higher resolution version substantially reduces discrepancy.
Dynamics of wind‐driven upwelling off the northeastern coast of Hainan Island
Authors: Lin Peigen , Cheng Peng , Gan Jianping , Hu Jianyu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBoth observational and reanalysis sea surface temperature data reveal that upwelling occurs frequently off the northeastern coast of Hainan Island (downstream of the change in topography off Tongluo Cape), which cannot be attributed to the along‐shelf wind alone. To identify dynamics of the upwelling, we conduct a numerical experiment using an idealized topography that is simplified from the actual topography off the eastern and northeastern coasts of Hainan Island. The result indicates that the upwelling downstream of the change in topography is associated with onshore cross‐isobath transport. Analysis of the vertically integrated momentum balance shows that the upwelling‐linked onshore transport is primarily intensified by the along‐isobath barotropic pressure gradient force (PGT), but is weakened by the along‐isobath baroclinic pressure gradient force (PGC). The along‐isobath PGT is linked to the advection of relative vorticity, the bottom stress curl and the gradient of momentum flux in vorticity equation. On the other hand, the PGC‐related process is diagnosed by potential vorticity (PV) balance. Similar to the negative PV term from wind stress, the negative PV terms of the joint effect of baroclinicity and relief and the baroclinic bottom pressure torque weaken the upwelling‐linked onshore transport downstream of the change in topography. The onshore transport is enhanced by the positive PV from bottom stress. In addition, the cross‐isobath forces play an important role in upwelling intensification in the shallow nearshore region.
On the calculation of air‐sea fluxes of CO2 in the presence of temperature and salinity gradients
Authors: Woolf D. K. , Land P. E. , Shutler J. D. , Goddijn‐Murphy L. M. , Donlon C. J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe presence of vertical temperature and salinity gradients in the upper ocean and the occurrence of variations in temperature and salinity on time scales from hours to many years complicate the calculation of the flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) across the sea surface. Temperature and salinity affect the interfacial concentration of aqueous CO2 primarily through their effect on solubility with lesser effects related to saturated vapor pressure and the relationship between fugacity and partial pressure. The effects of temperature and salinity profiles in the water column and changes in the aqueous concentration act primarily through the partitioning of the carbonate system. Climatological calculations of flux require attention to variability in the upper ocean and to the limited validity of assuming “constant chemistry” in transforming measurements to climatological values. Contrary to some recent analysis, it is shown that the effect on CO2 fluxes of a cool skin on the sea surface is large and ubiquitous. An opposing effect on calculated fluxes is related to the occurrence of warm layers near the surface; this effect can be locally large but will usually coincide with periods of low exchange. A salty skin and salinity anomalies in the upper ocean also affect CO2 flux calculations, though these haline effects are generally weaker than the thermal effects.