bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The empire that Xoliswa built: entrepreneurship case study
Authors: Tafadzwa Chinyamurindi Willie 
Published: December 2016

Subject area
Entrepreneurship.

Study level/applicability
The case can be pitched to undergraduate and postgraduate students and is applicable especially in cases when lecturers want to teach an introduction to entrepreneurship.

Case overview
This case study is about Xoliswa Tini and how she started Xoliswa Tini Properties, an emerging and growing player in the South African property industry. This case seeks to be used not only by commerce students but also by those outside this subject discipline. The motivation here being that entrepreneurship is not restricted to a specific subject discipline. The case profiles how an ordinary person from humble beginnings becomes an important player in an industry that she may have been excluded from based on her gender and race. This case can be used specifically to motivate and inspire students on the importance and processes that accompany the entrepreneur. The case can be used within an academic setting to teach undergraduate and postgraduate students. Outside the academy, individuals training in the area of entrepreneurship can use the case in their facilitation.

Expected learning outcomes
To facilitate the case study participant in: understanding the lived experience of an entrepreneur from how they started to key high and low highlights on the entrepreneurship journey; providing an analysis of the role of the micro- and macro-environment in influencing the entrepreneur’s journey and their decisions; appreciating the difficulties the entrepreneur faces in establishing their journey and the strategies used to deal with such difficulties.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
An interval type-2 fuzzy ANP approach to evaluate enterprise technological innovation ability
Authors: Wu Tong , Liu Xinwang 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to overcome the drawbacks of analytic hierarchy process in solving complex decision-making problems, especially for the evaluation of enterprise technology innovation ability (ETIA). Because interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2 FSs) can handle uncertainty linguistic variables in a more flexible and precise way than type-1 fuzzy sets with their second fuzzy membership functions, a fuzzy ANP method with IT2 FSs is proposed to evaluate the ETIA.

Design/methodology/approach
The criteria of evaluation on ETIA are identified and an evaluation model for ETIA is constructed on the basis of the application analysis of ETIA and theoretical design of ANP. In addition, two different ranking methods of IT2 FSs are applied in processing the relationships between influence factors of ETIA.

Findings
By using the proposed interval type-2 fuzzy ANP (IT2 FANP) method, the efficiencies of the whole evaluation of ETIA can be measured and the important factors in the ETIA can also be determined. Compared with the type-1 FANP through the ranking results, the proposed IT2 FANP is more reasonable and robust for the evaluation of ETIA.

Practical implications
The proposed IT2 FANP method is applied on the evaluation of ETIA. With respect to the application, the proposed method can be used to evaluate many more complex problems that contain feedback and circular relationships.

Originality/value
The proposed IT2 FANP approach can solve the complexities and uncertainties at the same time. Considering the subjective initiative of decision-makers and the feedback between influence factors, the proposed method is more efficient than the existing type-1 approaches in the literature.
The imperviance of conceptual systems: cognitive and moral aspects
Authors: Wallis Steven E. , Valentinov Vladislav 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The complexity of the modern world calls for the increasingly complex (i.e. containing more concepts) and systemic (i.e. containing more causal connections between the concepts) conceptual systems, such as theories and mental models which may exist at varying levels of complexity and systemicity. Yet, these systems are often found to be impervious to data and counter-arguments. Examples of such disputes are found in arguments over global warming and in the many debates between political groups. The purpose of this paper is to review the reasons behind this imperviance and identify ways to move forward.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper brings together the insights from the burgeoning science of conceptual systems as well as selected ideas from the moral philosophies of Niklas Luhmann and Jürgen Habermas. The science of conceptual systems is utilized to unearth the cognitive reasons for the imperviance of conceptual systems, while the work of Luhmann and Habermas is brought to bear on the moral reasons.

Findings
The most salient cognitive reasons for this imperviance are shown to be related to the questionable validity of data, the situational inappropriateness of conceptual systems, as well as their low complexity and systemicity. The effect of the moral content of conceptual systems on their imperviance is ambivalent. For Luhmann, moral communication may enhance imperviance and induce conflicts. In contrast, the Habermasian discourse ethics may counteract imperviance by stimulating the rational moral argumentation.

Originality/value
The science of conceptual systems is uniquely positioned to analyze the pervasive problem of their imperviance, especially if this problem is aggravated by moral reasons.
Trust evaluation between users of social networks using the quality of service requirements and call log histories
Authors: Alamir Parina , Navimipour Nima Jafari 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
As social networking services are popular, the need for recognizing reliable people has become the main concern. Quantifying the relationships between the users of social networks is also one of the important challenges with the increasing number of users. So, trust plays an important role in social networks in order to recognize trustworthy people. The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach to recognize trustworthy users and protect users from abuse by untrustable users.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors suggest a method to measure the trust value between users of social networks based on call log histories such as abundance, novelty, and sincerity and quality of service (QoS) requirements such as accessibility, response ability, tend to respond, and agility. After that, the authors calculate error-hit, precision, and recall to evaluate the trust value.

Findings
The results indicate that the proposed approach has better performance in terms of error-hit, precision, and recall than FIFO, combined, QoS-based, and call log-based method.

Originality/value
In this paper, the trust issue in social networks is pointed out and a new approach to evaluate the trust value is proposed based on call log histories and QoS requirements.
Relationship between top management team internal social capital and strategic decision-making speed
Authors: Gu Jiajun , Xie Fenghua , Wang Xingsi 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between top management team (TMT) internal social capital and strategic decision-making speed, and further explore role of TMT behavioral integration in their relationship. It reveals how TMT internal social capital impacts strategic decision-making speed.Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of the social capital theory and upper echelons theory, at first, a model about TMT internal social capital and strategic decision-making speed is proposed by exploratory case study. Then, the data obtained via questionnaire from 67 TMTs by software SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 17.0 are analyzed, and the theoretical hypotheses as mentioned above are verified.FindingsThe empirical study found that different dimensions of TMT internal social capital have significant positive impact on TMT behavioral integrity; TMT behavioral integrity has significant positive impact on strategic decision-making speed; and TMT behavioral integrity as an intermediary variable played a brokering role in the relationship between TMT internal social capital and strategic decision-making speed.Originality/valueThe study enriches the empirical test on the relationship between TMT internal social capital and decision speed, thereby helping the authors further understand how to improve the speed of strategic decision making in TMT.
Colleague recommender system in the Expert Cloud using features matrix
Authors: Hazratzadeh Saeedeh , Jafari Navimipour Nima 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Expert Cloud as a new class of cloud systems enables its users to request and share the skill, knowledge and expertise of people by employing internet infrastructures and cloud concepts. Since offering the most appropriate expertise to the customer is one of the clear objectives in Expert Cloud, colleague recommendation is a necessary part of it. So, the purpose of this paper is to develop a colleague recommender system for the Expert Cloud using features matrices of colleagues.

Design/methodology/approach
The new method is described in two phases. In the first phase, all possible colleagues of the user are found through the filtering mechanism and next features of the user and possible colleagues are calculated and collected in matrices. Six potential features of colleagues including reputation, expertise, trust, agility, cost and field of study were proposed. In the second phase, the final score is calculated for every possible colleague and then top-k colleagues are extracted among users. The survey was conducted using a simulation in MATLAB Software. Data were collected from Expert Cloud website. The method was tested using evaluating metrics such as precision, accuracy, incorrect recommendation and runtime.

Findings
The results of this study indicate that considering more features of colleagues has a positive impact on increasing the precision and accuracy of recommending new colleagues. Also, the proposed method has a better result in reducing incorrect recommendation.

Originality/value
In this paper, the colleague recommendation issue in the Expert Cloud is pointed out and the solution approach is applied into the Expert Cloud website.
Evaluating credit rating prediction by using the KMV model and random forest
Authors: Wu Hsu-Che , Wu Yu-Ting 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
An increasing number of investors have begun using financial data to develop optimal investment portfolios; therefore, the public financial data shared in the capital market plays a critical role in credit ratings. These data enable investors to understand the credit levels of debtors from a bank perspective; this facilitates predicting the debtor default rate to efficiently evaluate investment risks. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
A credit rating model can be developed to reduce the risk of adverse selection and moral hazard caused by information asymmetry in the loan market. In this study, a random forest (RF) was used to evaluate financial variables and construct credit rating prediction models. Data-mining techniques, including an RF, decision tree, neural networks, and support vector machine, were used to search for suitable credit rating forecasting methods. The distance to default from the KMV model was then incorporated into the credit rating model as a research variable to increase predictive power of various data-mining techniques. In addition, four-level and nine-level classification were set to investigate the accuracy rates of various models.

Findings
The experimental results indicated that applying the RF in the variable feature selection process and developing a forecasting model was the most effective method of predicting credit ratings; the four-level and nine-level feature-selection settings achieved 95.5 and 87.8 percent accuracy rates, respectively, indicating that RF demonstrated outstanding feature selection and forecasting capacity.

Research limitations/implications
The experimental cases were based on financial data from public companies in North America.

Practical implications
Practical implication of this study indicates the most effective financial variables were dividends common/ordinary, cash dividends, volatility assumption, and risk-free rate assumption.

Originality/value
The RF model can be used to perform feature selection and efficiently filter numerous financial variables to obtain crediting rating information instantly.
Reflection of plane waves in thermoelastic medium with double porosity
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Vohra Richa , Gorla M.G. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the reflection of plane waves in thermoelastic medium with double porosity structure.

Design/methodology/approach
A two-dimensional model is considered of an isotropic thermoelastic half-space with double porosity. Thermoelasticity with one relaxation time given by Lord and Shulman (1967) has been used to study the problem. It is found that there exists four coupled longitudinal waves, namely, longitudinal wave (P), longitudinal thermal wave (T), longitudinal volume fractional wave corresponding to pores (PVI) and longitudinal volume fractional wave corresponding to fissures (PVII), in addition to an uncoupled transverse wave (SV).

Findings
The formulae for amplitude ratios of various reflected waves are obtained in closed form. It is found that these amplitude ratios are functions of angle of incidence. Effect of porosity and thermal relaxation time is shown graphically on the amplitude ratios with angle of incidence for a particular model.

Originality/value
Reflection of plane waves is of great practical importance. There are many organic and inorganic deposits beneath the earth surface. Wave propagation is the simplest and most economical technique to detect these. The model discussed in the present paper can provide useful information for experimental researchers working in the field of geophysics and earthquake engineering, along with seismologist working in the field of mining tremors and drilling into the crust of the earth.
Heat propagation in computer designed and real metal foam structures
Authors: August Anastasia , Matz Alexander M. , Nestler Britta , Jost Norbert 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a method for modeling of cellular structures by means of Voronoi tessellation and to conduct a validation by comparison with real metal foam structures.

Design/methodology/approach
Heat propagation behavior of open-pore metal foams is studied for both experimental as well as computer-modeled structures showing excellent agreement. The 3D open-pore structure of the real foam is reconstructed from 2D light microscope images in-depth.

Findings
An algorithm to create synthetic open-pore foam structures has been developed.

Originality/value
The algorithm for modeling synthetic open-pore cellular structures allows the random distribution of the individual pores close to reality.
Performance study of the exhaust purification muffler of a diesel engine
Authors: Fu Jun , Li Jianxing , Chen Wei , Zhang Zengfeng , Mao Hong , Tang Yuan 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present experimental studies on the designed muffler which contains ceramic foam and has the integration function of purification and noise elimination.

Design/methodology/approach
Comparative tests were done on a diesel engine with no muffler, the original muffler and the purification muffler. The soot index (light absorption coefficient), A-weighted sound pressure level and fuel consumption rate, which were collected by the partial flow opacity method, the insertion loss measurement of spatial five points and the load characteristics tests, respectively, and the effects of purification and noise elimination were studied.

Findings
The results of this paper state that the purification muffler shows great improvement on exhaust soot purification and noise elimination. The variation in diesel fuel consumption rate was small, the sound pressure level of purification muffler was reduced by 6 to 10 dB, the insertion loss of the purification muffler was increased by 6.41 dB and the average light absorption coefficient decreased by 57.8 percent compared with the original muffler.

Originality/value
The value of this study is that it supplies a purification muffler which contains a ceramic foam. Under the prerequisite of little effect on the fuel economy of diesel engine, the purification muffler shows great improvement in exhaust soot purification and noise elimination.
Optimization of spatial dependence of diffusion coefficient for acceleration of dopant diffusion
Authors: Pankratov Evgeny L. , Bulaeva Elena A. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
It has been recently shown that diffusion of dopant during doping of inhomogeneous structure could be accelerated or decelerated in comparison with diffusion of dopant in structure with averaged diffusion coefficient. As a continuation of previous work, the purpose of this paper is to introduce an approach of estimating the limited value of acceleration of the dopant diffusion by choosing the dependence of the dopant diffusion coefficient on the coordinates.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors analyzed relaxation of concentration of dopant during diffusion in inhomogeneous material. The authors determine conditions for maximal acceleration and deceleration of diffusion of dopant. The authors introduced analytical approach for analysis of dopant diffusion in inhomogeneous material.

Findings
The authors determine conditions for maximal acceleration and deceleration of diffusion of dopant.

Originality/value
It has been shown that dopant diffusion could be decelerated essentially to a greater extent, rather than accelerated.
Physicochemical and rheological properties of titania and carbon nanotubes in a channel with changing walls
Authors: Raza Jawad , Rohni Azizah M. , Omar Zurni , Awais M. , Baig A.Q. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate some multiple solutions for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a porous channel with changing walls. Moreover, the intention of the study is to examine the physicochemical and rheological properties of titania and CNTs.

Design/methodology/approach
The mathematical modeling is performed for the laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy profiles. Governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by applying suitable similarity transformation and then solved numerically with the help of shooting technique.

Findings
The effects of different physical parameters on the rheology of nanofluids are discussed graphically and numerically, in order to make the analysis more interesting. The present study revealed that multiple solutions of nanofluids in a channel with changing walls are obtained only for the case of suction.

Originality/value
Some new branches of the solution for nanofluids in a channel with changing walls are obtained in this research, which has never been reported before. Combined effects of physicochemical and rheology of titania and carbon nanotubes are investigated briefly. The effects of physical parameters on velocity and temperature profile are examined in detail which is more realistic than real-world problem.
The relationship between socioemotional and financial wealth
Authors: Martin Geoffrey , Gomez-Mejia Luis 
Published: December 2016

PurposeA growing volume of family firm literature has argued that the preservation of family socioemotional wealth takes precedence over the pursuit of financial goals. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework that builds knowledge regarding the two-way relationship between socioemotional and financial forms of wealth, to develop a more complete theory of wealth concerns that may inform family firm decision-making.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conceptually examine contingencies affecting the relationship between financial and socioemotional wealth (in both causal directions).FindingsThe authors predict when one form of wealth (socioemotional/financial) is likely to dominate the other (financial/socioemotional) in the family firm’s strategic decisions.Originality/valueThe paper advances knowledge on the two-way relationship between socioemotional and financial forms of wealth providing a platform for further development in the nascent field of family business research, including our understanding of family firm decisions regarding control and influence over the family business, environmental policy, altruism toward family members, R&D, accounting choices and corporate diversification.
Future and past negative time perspective influences on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in Mexico and the United States
Authors: Cernas Ortiz Daniel Arturo , Davis Mark A. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the influence of future and past negative time perspectives on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The effect of national culture (Mexico versus the USA) as a moderator of the above baseline relationships is also analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach
The research model is tested using survey data drawn from a sample of 287 Mexican and 274 US MBA students (N = 561). Regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
Future time perspective has a positive relationship with job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Past negative time perspective has a negative association with both job attitudes. The effect of future time perspective on job satisfaction was significantly stronger in Mexico than in the USA. No other significant differences between the countries were found in terms of the time perspective and job attitudes association.

Practical implications
The results have implications for managing dispositions that affect work-related attitudes and behaviors with consequences for organizational effectiveness.

Originality/value
The findings suggest that time perspective affects job attitudes. Further, they also suggest that the interplay between future time perspective and culture influences job satisfaction.
Beyond socioemotional wealth: taking another step toward a theory of the family firm
Authors: Chrisman James J. , Holt Daniel T. 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain how the concept of socioemotional wealth can be combined with other important concepts in the family firm literature to develop a theory of the family firm.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper based on a review of the paper of Martin and Gómez-Mejía in this issue as well as the family business literature in general.FindingsMartin and Gómez-Mejía (this issue) present a theoretical model and propositions on the relationship between socioemotional and financial wealth that advances understanding of family firm decision-making. That paper provides an initial step toward a theory of the family firm that can explain why firms select the family form of organization to conduct economic activities, what determines their scale and scope and why heterogeneity is observed among family firms. This commentary takes another step toward such a theory by discussing how the combined consideration of goals, governance and resources could be used to address the above three questions.Originality/valueThe precepts of a new theory of the family firm is presented that incorporates the concepts of goals (socioemotional wealth), governance (family ownership and control) and resources (familiness) of family firms to explain why family firms exist and potentially thrive as well as to explain the heterogeneity among family firms.