bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tau oligomers in cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sengupta Urmi , Portelius Erik , Hansson Oskar , Farmer Kathleen , Castillo‐Carranza Diana , Woltjer Randall , Zetterberg Henrik , Galasko Douglas , Blennow Kaj , Kayed Rakez 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveWith an increasing incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neurodegenerative tauopathies, there is an urgent need to develop reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease, such as the recently discovered toxic tau oligomers. Here, we aimed to demonstrate the presence of tau oligomers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with cognitive deficits, and to determine whether tau oligomers could serve as a potential biomarker for AD.MethodsA multicentric collaborative study involving a double‐blinded analysis with a total of 98 subjects with moderate to severe AD (N = 41), mild AD (N = 31), and nondemented control subjects (N = 26), and two pilot studies of 33 total patients with AD (N = 19) and control (N = 14) subjects were performed. We carried out biochemical assays to measure oligomeric tau from CSF of these patients with various degrees of cognitive impairment as well as cognitively normal controls.ResultsUsing a highly reproducible indirect ELISA method, we found elevated levels of tau oligomers in AD patients compared to age‐matched controls. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of oligomeric forms of tau in CSF. In addition, the ratio of oligomeric to total tau increased in the order: moderate to severe AD, mild AD, and controls.ConclusionThese assays are suitable for the analysis of human CSF samples. These results here suggest that CSF tau oligomer measurements could be optimized and added to the panel of CSF biomarkers for the accurate and early detection of AD.
Combinatorial Therapies After Spinal Cord Injury: How Can Biomaterials Help?
Authors: Führmann Tobias , Anandakumaran Priya N. , Shoichet Molly S. 
Published: March 2017

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in an immediate loss of motor and sensory function below the injury site and is associated with a poor prognosis. The inhibitory environment that develops in response to the injury is mainly due to local expression of inhibitory factors, scarring and the formation of cystic cavitations, all of which limit the regenerative capacity of endogenous or transplanted cells.Strategies that demonstrate promising results induce a change in the microenvironment at‐ and around the lesion site to promote endogenous cell repair, including axonal regeneration or the integration of transplanted cells. To date, many of these strategies target only a single aspect of SCI; however, the multifaceted nature of SCI suggests that combinatorial strategies will likely be more effective.Biomaterials are a key component of combinatorial strategies, as they have the potential to deliver drugs locally over a prolonged period of time and aid in cell survival, integration and differentiation. Here we summarize the advantages and limitations of widely used strategies to promote recovery after injury and highlight recent research where biomaterials aided combinatorial strategies to overcome some of the barriers of spinal cord regeneration.
BCL2 mutations do not confer adverse prognosis in follicular lymphoma patients treated with rituximab
Authors: Huet Sarah , Szafer‐Glusman Edith , Tesson Bruno , Xerri Luc , Fairbrother Wayne J. , Mukhyala Kiran , Bolen Chris , Punnoose Elizabeth , Tonon Laurie , Chassagne‐Clément Catherine , Feugier Pierre , Viari Alain , Jardin Fabrice , Salles Gilles , Sujobert Pierre 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBCL2 mutations have been suggested to confer an adverse prognosis to follicular lymphoma (FL) patients, but their prognostic value has not been assessed in patients treated with a rituximab‐containing regimen. Here we evaluated the prognostic value of BCL2 mutations in a large prospective cohort of 252 patients with FL treated with immunochemotherapy in the PRIMA randomized trial. Using a DNA‐targeted sequencing approach, we detected amino acid altering mutations in 135 patients (54%) and showed that these mutations were probably mediated by the over‐activation of AICDA (activation‐induced cytidine deaminase) in the context of the t(14;18) translocation. The BCL2 variants identified in PRIMA patients affected the BH1, BH2, and BH3 functional motifs at a lower frequency than the N‐terminus and flexible loop domain, with mostly conservative aminoacid changes. With a median follow‐up of 6.7 years, we did not observe any impact of BCL2 mutations either on overall survival or progression‐free survival.
An Aluminum Fluoride Complex with an Appended Ammonium Salt as an Exceptionally Active Cooperative Catalyst for the Asymmetric Carboxycyanation of Aldehydes
Authors: Brodbeck Daniel , Broghammer Florian , Meisner Jan , Klepp Julian , Garnier Delphine , Frey Wolfgang , Kästner Johannes , Peters René 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAl−F bonds are among the most stable σ bonds known, exhibiting an even higher bond energy than Si−F bonds. Despite a stability advantage and a potentially high Lewis acidity of Al−F complexes, they have not been described as structurally defined catalysts for enantioselective reactions. We show that Al−F salen complexes with appended ammonium moieties give exceptional catalytic activity in asymmetric carboxycyanations. In addition to aromatic aldehydes, enal and aliphatic substrates are well accepted. Turnover numbers up to around 104 were achieved, whereas with previous catalysts 101–102 turnovers were typically attained. In contrast to Al−Me and Al−Cl salen complexes, the analogous Al−F species are remarkably stable towards air, water, and heat, and can be recovered unchanged after catalysis. They possess a considerably increased Lewis acidity as shown by DFT calculations.
Cardiovascular Safety of Tocilizumab Versus Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Multi‐Database Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Seoyoung C. , Solomon Daniel H. , Rogers James R. , Gale Sara , Klearman Micki , Sarsour Khaled , Schneeweiss Sebastian 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveWhile tocilizumab (TCZ) is known to increase low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, it is unclear whether TCZ increases cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to compare the cardiovascular risk associated with receiving TCZ versus tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi).MethodsTo examine comparative cardiovascular safety, we conducted a cohort study of RA patients who newly started TCZ or TNFi using claims data from Medicare, IMS PharMetrics, and MarketScan. All patients were required to have previously used a different TNFi, abatacept, or tofacitinib. The primary outcome measure was a composite cardiovascular end point of hospitalization for myocardial infarction or stroke. TCZ initiators were propensity score matched to TNFi initiators with a variable ratio of 1:3 within each database, controlling for >65 baseline characteristics. A fixed‐effects model combined database‐specific hazard ratios (HRs).ResultsWe included 9,218 TCZ initiators propensity score matched to 18,810 TNFi initiators across all 3 databases. The mean age was 72 years in Medicare, 51 in PharMetrics, and 53 in MarketScan. Cardiovascular disease was present at baseline in 14.3% of TCZ initiators and 13.5% of TNFi initiators. During the study period (mean ± SD 0.9 ± 0.7 years; maximum 4.5 years), 125 composite cardiovascular events occurred, resulting in an incidence rate of 0.52 per 100 person‐years for TCZ initiators and 0.59 per 100 person‐years for TNFi initiators. The risk of cardiovascular events associated with TCZ use versus TNFi use was similar across all 3 databases, with a combined HR of 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.56–1.26).ConclusionThis multi‐database population‐based cohort study showed no evidence of an increased cardiovascular risk among RA patients who switched from a different biologic drug or tofacitinib to TCZ versus to a TNFi.
A dynamic linear model for the estimation of time‐varying origin–destination matrices from link counts
Authors: Pitombeira‐Neto Anselmo Ramalho , Loureiro Carlos Felipe Grangeiro 
Published: March 2017

SummaryWe propose a dynamic linear model (DLM) for the estimation of day‐to‐day time‐varying origin–destination (OD) matrices from link counts. Mean OD flows are assumed to vary over time as a locally constant model. We take into account variability in OD flows, route flows, and link volumes. Given a time series of observed link volumes, sequential Bayesian inference is applied in order to estimate mean OD flows. The conditions under which mean OD flows may be estimated are established, and computational studies on two benchmark transportation networks from the literature are carried out. In both cases, the DLM converged to the unobserved mean OD flows when given sufficient observations of traffic link volumes despite assuming uninformative prior OD matrices. We discuss limitations and extensions of the proposed DLM. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal Exposure to Montelukast and Congenital Anomalies: A Population Based Study in Denmark
Authors: Cavero‐Carbonell Clara , Vinkel‐Hansen Anne , Rabanque‐Hernández Mª José , Martos Carmen , Garne Ester 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe objective was to study pregnancy outcomes between groups of Danish women, with pregnancy ending between 1998 and 2009, according to their exposure to montelukast.MethodsCross‐sectional observational study in Danish women, selecting live births and stillbirths (Birth Registry) and spontaneous abortions and induced terminations (Patient Registry). Montelukast exposure was obtained from the Prescription Registry (ATC code R03DC03). Exposure period was from 3 months before the last menstrual period until the end of the first trimester. Four groups were studied: (1) women with prescription for montelukast, (2) women with prescription for montelukast and other anti‐asthmatic medications, (3) women with prescription for other anti‐asthmatic medications, (4) women without prescription for any anti‐asthmatic medications.ResultsA total of 754,300 singleton pregnancies (> 12 weeks) were identified: 401 pregnancies in group 1, 426 pregnancies in group 2, 24878 in group 3 and 728,595 in group 4. Risk of preterm birth, maternal preeclampsia and gestational diabetes was increased for pregnancies exposed to montelukast. No significant differences were found for the risk of major congenital anomalies (CA). Adjusted odds ratio for CA was 1.4 (95% CI 0.9–2.3) for the group 1 and 1.0 (95% CI 0.6–1.8) for group 2.ConclusionPregnant women with prescriptions for montelukast had a higher risk of preterm birth and maternal complications. These risks are known to be associated with maternal asthma, no increased risk of CA was found. Further analysis including more exposed pregnancies will be needed to determine the risk of specific CA. Birth Defects Research 109:452–459, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Azido Pentoses: A New Tool To Efficiently Label Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates
Authors: Kolbe Katharina , Möckl Leonhard , Sohst Victoria , Brandenburg Julius , Engel Regina , Malm Sven , Bräuchle Christoph , Holst Otto , Lindhorst Thisbe K. , Reiling Norbert 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the main causative agent of tuberculosis (Tb), has a complex cell envelope which forms an efficient barrier to antibiotics, thus contributing to the challenges of anti‐tuberculosis therapy. However, the unique Mtb cell wall can be considered an advantage and be utilized to selectively label Mtb bacteria. Here we introduce three azido pentoses as new compounds for metabolic labeling of Mtb: 3‐azido arabinose (3AraAz), 3‐azido ribose (3RiboAz), and 5‐azido arabinofuranose (5AraAz). 5AraAz demonstrated the highest level of Mtb labeling and was efficiently incorporated into the Mtb cell wall. All three azido pentoses can be easily used to label a variety of Mtb clinical isolates without influencing Mtb‐dependent phagosomal maturation arrest in infection studies with human macrophages. Thus, this metabolic labeling method offers the opportunity to attach desired molecules to the surface of Mtb bacteria in order to facilitate investigation of the varying virulence characteristics of different Mtb clinical isolates, which influence the outcome of a Tb infection.
Hyperpolarized 129Xe Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sensor for H2S
Authors: Yang Shengjun , Yuan Yaping , Jiang Weiping , Ren Lili , Deng He , Bouchard Louis S. , Zhou Xin , Liu Maili 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) molecular sensor for hydrogen sulfide detection and imaging using the nuclear spin resonance of hyperpolarized 129Xe is developed. The designed MRI sensor employs cryptophane for NMR sensing, together with an azide group serving as a reaction site. It demonstrates a “proof‐of‐concept” that a fluorescent H2S probe can be linked to a xenon‐binding cryptophane and thereby converted into an MRI probe, which could provide a very generalizable template.
Controlled Interconversion of a Dinuclear Au Species Supported by a Redox‐Active Bridging PNP Ligand Facilitates Ligand‐to‐Gold Electron Transfer
Authors: Vreeken Vincent , Siegler Maxime A. , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRedox non‐innocent ligands have recently emerged as interesting tools to obtain new reactivity with a wide variety of metals. However, gold has almost been neglected in this respect. Here, we report mechanistic investigations related to a rare example of ligand‐based redox chemistry in the coordination sphere of gold. The dinuclear metal‐centered mixed‐valent AuI–AuIII complex 1, supported by monoanionic diarylamido‐diphosphine ligand PNPPr and with three chlorido ligands overall, undergoes a complex series of reactions upon halide abstraction by silver salt or Lewis acids such as gallium trichloride. Formation of the ultimate AuI–AuI complex 2 requires the intermediacy of AuI–AuI dimers 5 and 7 as well as the unique AuIII–AuIII complex 6, both of which are interconverted in a feedback loop. Finally, unprecedented ortho‐selective C−H activation of the redox‐active PNP ligand results in the carbazolyldiphosphine derivative PN*PPr via ligand‐to‐metal two‐electron transfer. This work demonstrates that the redox‐chemistry of gold may be significantly expanded and modified when using a reactive ligand scaffold.
Recent Advances of Transition Metal‐Mediated Oxidative Radical Reactions in Total Synthesis of Indole Alkaloids
Authors: Liang Kangjiang , Xia Chengfeng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOver the past decades, transition metal‐mediated oxidative radical reactions have been discovered and developed as a robust and conceptually novel approach for organic synthesis. This mini‐review details the background, recent advances, and synthetic applications of transition metal‐mediated oxidative radical reactions in indole alkaloids biomimetic synthesis. The organization of each section is based on the kind of indole alkaloids.
Simulacra and Sustainability Disclosure: Analysis of the Interpretative Models of Creating Shared Value
Authors: Corazza Laura , Scagnelli Simone Domenico , Mio Chiara 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBusiness scandals, environmental disasters, and the growing attention to malnutrition and starvation around the world, are emphasizing the criticism toward capitalism and the way business is approached. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability theories are becoming understated, as Porter and Kramer's emerging concept of Creating Shared Value (CSV) has argued. Indeed, CSV is attracting increasing attention from the corporate and professional world as well as getting controversial judgments and reviews by CSR and sustainability scholars. Indeed, CSV appears more a buzzword than a theoretical concept. After outlining the underlying debate, our study critically examines how worldwide organizations have approached and interpreted CSV in their sustainability disclosure practices. In that sense, similarly to Plato and Baudrillard's concept of ‘simulacrum’, companies adopting CSV create an interpretation of their practical reality through definitions and images. Qualitative and rather innovative techniques are applied to analyze and categorize the narrative and graphical signals provided by a sample of leading organizations within their sustainability disclosure. Our findings show that, overall, CSV is not viewed as something unrelated to CSR, not just philanthropy, but is a strategically oriented shift from sustainability which stresses the inclusion of stakeholders' needs. Given the current lack of research addressing how CSV has been interpreted and disclosed, our study provides a significant contribution to the current academic debate. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Does Specific CSR Training for Managers Impact Shareholder Value? Implications for Education in Sustainable Development
Authors: López‐Pérez Mª. Eugenia , Melero Iguácel , Javier Sesé F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study aims to analyze whether specific corporate social responsibility +CSR) training in sustainable development can boost the potential impact of CSR on shareholder value (i.e., corporate reputation, brand image, and financial value) for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). We also aim to determine the main implications from an educational point of view and in terms of training program and curriculum design related to sustainable development. We carry out a quantitative study using partial least squares (PLS) techniques to analyze a sample of SME owners and managers. Results suggest that specific CSR training matters, making this type of training a valuable resource for business management and for society. Therefore, it is possible to promote business management models in which sustainability and profit can coexist. However, there are still sizeable education/training gaps, especially in the field of SMEs. Our results provide a foundation for solid arguments in defense of more widespread, in‐depth implementation of sustainability education – not only at universities and business schools, but at all levels of education. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Towards an Understanding of Li2O2 Evolution in Li–O2 Batteries: An In Operando Synchrotron X‐ray Diffraction Study
Authors: Liu Chenjuan , Brant William R. , Younesi Reza , Dong Yanyan , Edström Kristina , Gustafsson Torbjörn , Zhu Jiefang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOne of the major challenges in developing high‐performance Li–O2 batteries is to understand the Li2O2 formation and decomposition during battery cycling. In this study, this issue was investigated by synchrotron radiation powder X‐ray diffraction. The evolution of Li2O2 morphology and structure was observed under actual electrochemical conditions of battery operation. By quantitatively tracking Li2O2 during discharge and charge, a two‐step process was suggested for both growth and oxidation of Li2O2 owing to different mechanisms during two stages of both oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. From an observation of the anisotropic broadening of Li2O2 in XRD patterns, it was inferred that disc‐like Li2O2 grains are formed rapidly in the first step of discharge. These grains can stack together so that they facilitate the nucleation and growth of toroidal Li2O2 particles with a LiO2‐like surface, which could cause parasitic reactions and hinder the formation of Li2O2. During the charge process, Li2O2 is firstly oxidized from the surface, followed by a delithiation process with a faster oxidation of the bulk by stripping the interlayer Li atoms to form an off‐stoichiometric intermediate. This fundamental insight brings new information on the working mechanism of Li–O2 batteries.
Remarkably Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Cross‐Metathesis of Lipids under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Ullah Aman , Arshad Muhammad 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCatalytic transformation of renewable feedstocks into fine chemicals is in high demands and olefin metathesis is a sophisticated tool for biomass conversion. Nevertheless, the large‐scale viability of such processes depends on the conversion efficiency, energy efficiency, catalytic activity, selective conversion into desired products, and environmental footprint of the process. Therefore, conversions of renewables by using simple, swift, and efficient methods are desirable. A microwave‐assisted ethenolysis and alkenolysis (using 1,5‐hexadiene) of canola oil and methyl esters derived from canola oil (COME) and waste/recycled cooking oil (WOME) was carried out by using ruthenium‐based catalytic systems. A systematic study using 1st and 2nd generation Grubbs and Hoveyda–Grubbs catalysts was carried out. Among all ruthenium catalysts, 2nd generation Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst was found to be highly active in the range of 0.002–0.1 mol % loading. The conversions proved to be rapid providing unprecedented turnover frequencies (TOFs). High TOFs were achieved for ethenolysis of COME (21 450 min−1), direct ethenolysis of canola oil (19 110 min−1), for WOME (15 840 min−1) and for cross‐metathesis of 1,5‐hexadiene with COME (10 920 min−1). The ethenolysis of commercial methyl oleate was also performed with a TOF of 8000 min−1 under microwave conditions.
Hydrogen‐Treated Rutile TiO2 Shell in Graphite‐Core Structure as a Negative Electrode for High‐Performance Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Vázquez‐Galván Javier , Flox Cristina , Fàbrega Cristian , Ventosa Edgar , Parra Andres , Andreu Teresa , Morante Joan Ramón 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHydrogen‐treated TiO2 as an electrocatalyst has shown to boost the capacity of high‐performance all‐vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) as a simple and eco‐friendly strategy. The graphite felt‐based GF@TiO2:H electrode is able to inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which is a critical barrier for operating at high rate for long‐term cycling in VRFBs. Significant improvements in charge/discharge and electron‐transfer processes for the V3+/V2+ reaction on the surface of reduced TiO2 were achieved as a consequence of the formation of oxygen functional groups and oxygen vacancies in the lattice structure. Key performance indicators of VRFB have been improved, such as high capability rates and electrolyte‐utilization ratios (82 % at 200 mA cm−2). Additionally, high coulombic efficiencies (ca. 100 % up to the 96th cycle, afterwards >97 %) were obtained, demonstrating the feasibility of achieving long‐term stability.