bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of AF OFDM system using multiple relay in presence of nonlinear‐PA over inid Nakagami‐m fading
Authors: Singya Praveen Kumar , Kumar Nagendra , Bhatia Vimal 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn this paper, performance of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing–based variable‐gain amplify and forward cooperative system using multiple relay with relay selection is analyzed over independent but not necessarily identically distributed frequency selective Nakagami‐m fading channels. For the analysis, nonlinear power amplifier is considered at the relay, and selection combining is adopted at destination node. Closed‐form expressions of the outage probability for various threshold signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) values and average symbol error rate for M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation techniques are derived for the considered system. Further, the outage probability analysis is performed in high SNR regime to obtain the diversity order. Furthermore, impact of different fading parameters, multiple relay, and nonlinear power amplifier is highlighted on the outage probability and asymptotic outage probability for various threshold SNRs and on the average symbol error rate for various quadrature amplitude modulation constellations. The derived analytical expressions are generalized for various fading environments while considering the integer‐valued fading parameters. Finally, all the analytical results are verified through the Monte Carlo simulations for various SNR levels and system configurations.
Peptide Mimetic Drugs for Modulating Thrombosis and Hemostasis
Authors: Nellenbach Kimberly , Brown Ashley C. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

Hemostasis is the complex physiological process that stems bleeding at an injury site while simultaneously maintaining unobstructed circulation in other areas of the body. This system is kept in balance with finely tuned regulation by pro‐ and antithrombotic agents. When this balance is thrown out of equilibrium, uncontrolled bleeding, or thrombotic complications can occur. Because of the high number of hemostatic disorders, researchers are continually searching for improved technologies for controlling coagulation. Recently, peptide mimetic strategies have been employed to target and regulate various stages of the coagulation cascade. In this review, we present an overview of the coagulation cascade and provide a summary of various peptide‐mimetic approaches for its modulation. Drug Dev Res 78 : 236–244, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent findings on fulminant type 1 diabetes
Authors: Liu Lan , Zeng Ling , Sang Dan , Lu Zeyuan , Shen Jie 
Published: August 2017

SummaryFulminant type 1 diabetes (fT1D) is a new subtype of type 1 diabetes proposed by Imagawa in 2000. It is a clinical syndrome characterized by a markedly rapid and almost complete destruction of pancreatic β cells. Metabolic derangement is more severe in this subtype than in autoimmune type 1 diabetes. The incidence of fT1D is associated with HLA DRB1*04:05DQB1*04:01; both innate and acquired immune disorders might contribute to the development of fT1D. The presence of specific innate immune responses to enterovirus infection connected with enhanced adaptive immune pathways responsible for aggressive β cell toxicity in fT1D. The process of β cell destruction is extremely rapid in fT1D, and the insulin secretary capacity rarely recovers after the onset. The serum glycated albumin to glycated haemoglobin ratio is significantly higher in fT1D; a cut‐off value of 3.2 for serum glycated albumin to glycated haemoglobin ratio yielded 97% sensitivity and 98% specificity for differentiating fT1D from type 2 diabetes. Fulminant type 1 diabetes is associated with pregnancy. This article also updates the diagnostic criteria for fT1D by the Japanese Diabetes Association in 2012.
Effects of livestock grazing on rangeland biodiversity: A meta‐analysis of grouse populations
Authors: Dettenmaier Seth J. , Messmer Terry A. , Hovick Torre J. , Dahlgren David K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLivestock grazing affects over 60% of the world's agricultural lands and can influence rangeland ecosystem services and the quantity and quality of wildlife habitat, resulting in changes in biodiversity. Concomitantly, livestock grazing has the potential to be detrimental to some wildlife species while benefiting other rangeland organisms. Many imperiled grouse species require rangeland landscapes that exhibit diverse vegetation structure and composition to complete their life cycle. However, because of declining populations and reduced distributions, grouse are increasingly becoming a worldwide conservation concern. Grouse, as a suite of upland gamebirds, are often considered an umbrella species for other wildlife and thus used as indicators of rangeland health. With a projected increase in demand for livestock products, better information will be required to mitigate the anthropogenic effects of livestock grazing on rangeland biodiversity. To address this need, we completed a data‐driven and systematic review of the peer‐reviewed literature to determine the current knowledge of the effects of livestock grazing on grouse populations (i.e., chick production and population indices) worldwide. Our meta‐analysis revealed an overall negative effect of livestock grazing on grouse populations. Perhaps more importantly, we identified an information void regarding the effects of livestock grazing on the majority of grouse species. Additionally, the reported indirect effects of livestock grazing on grouse species were inconclusive and more reflective of differences in the experimental design of the available studies. Future studies designed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of livestock grazing on wildlife should document (i) livestock type, (ii) timing and frequency of grazing, (iii) duration, and (iv) stocking rate. Much of this information was lacking in the available published studies we reviewed, but is essential when making comparisons between different livestock grazing management practices and their potential impacts on rangeland biodiversity.
Secondary invasion: When invasion success is contingent on other invaders altering the properties of recipient ecosystems
Authors: O'Loughlin Luke S. , Green Peter T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPositive interactions between exotic species may increase ecosystem‐level impacts and potentially facilitate the entry and spread of other exotic species. Invader‐facilitated invasion success—”secondary invasion”—is a key conceptual aspect of the well‐known invasional meltdown hypothesis, but remains poorly defined and empirically underexplored. Drawing from heuristic models and published empirical studies, we explore this form of “secondary invasion” and discuss the phenomenon within the recognized conceptual framework of the determinants of invasion success. The term “secondary invasion” has been used haphazardly in the literature to refer to multiple invasion phenomena, most of which have other more accepted titles. Our usage of the term secondary invasion is akin to “invader‐facilitated invasion,” which we define as the phenomenon in which the invasion success of one exotic species is contingent on the presence, influence, and impacts of one or more other exotic species. We present case studies of secondary invasion whereby primary invaders facilitate the entry or establishment of exotic species into communities where they were previously excluded from becoming invasive. Our synthesis, discussion, and conceptual framework of this type of secondary invasion provides a useful reference to better explain how invasive species can alter key properties of recipient ecosystems that can ultimately determine the invasion success of other species. This study increases our appreciation for complex interactions following invasion and highlights the impacts of invasive species themselves as possible determinants of invasion success. We anticipate that highlighting “secondary invasion” in this way will enable studies reporting similar phenomena to be identified and linked through consistent terminology.
Improvement in Pattern Separation by Regulating Neurogenesis in Hippocampal Culture
Authors: TANAKA YUKIMI , KADOKURA TOMONOSUKE , ISOMURA TAKUYA , SHIMBA KENTA , KOTANI KIYOSHI , JIMBO YASUHIKO 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYThe newly generated neurons in adult animals are known to enhance the pattern separation capability. However, it remains unclear how the newborn neurons change the activity patterns in neuronal networks during pattern separation. To verify the change of whole neuronal network activity, the in vitro neurogenesis model is useful because it can be observed and controlled. To develop the in vitro neurogenesis model, we modulated the amount of newly generated neurons in cultures by applying basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or cytarabine (Ara‐C). To investigate the pattern separation capability, the neural cultures were tetanized with two spatial‐pattern stimuli, and then the changes in neural response evoked by different patterns were evaluated using a microelectrode array. We confirmed that the doublecortin expression in cultures with bFGF was more upregulated than the culture with Ara‐C, indicating that bFGF promoted neurogenesis. We found that the enhanced neurogenesis contributed the clusters of neuronal networks to specialize their responses to one of two spatial‐pattern stimuli after tetanization, while the entire response tended to shift toward the immediately preceding pattern without neurogenesis. These results suggest that the property of newly generated neurons that they only respond to the specific pattern unlike mature neurons enhances the pattern separation capability of the entire network.
Reduction of Suspended Particles in Closed Space with Electrostatic Precipitator
Authors: KAWADA YOSHIHIRO , SHIMIZU HIROTAKA 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYElectrostatic precipitators are suitable for using large gas flow rate due to low pressure drop as compared with other precipitators such as fabric filter. For a cigarette smoking area, an electrostatic spray coating booth, a smoke filled room because of fire, the closed space with particulate‐laden atmosphere, it is necessary for minimum volume to install air cleaner. In this work, electrostatic precipitator is tested for the influence of treated gas flow rate on suspended particle concentration decrement in a closed space. This present version electrostatic precipitator is only corona discharge unit for required simplification and smaller precipitator. An acrylic box (125 liter capacity) is used as a closed space. As results, in case of using electrostatic precipitator in a closed space with washable walls, it has been shown that particle concentration decrement rate increases with increasing gas flow rate of electrostatic precipitator.
Development of Automated Flow Measurement System for Cell‐based Odor Sensor
Authors: SUKEKAWA YUJI , MUJIONO TOTOK , NAKAMOTO TAKAMICHI , MITSUNO HIDEFUMI , NAKAJIMA YUKO , KANZAKI RYOHEI , MISAWA NOBUO 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYOdor sensing system with high sensitivity and selectivity is expected to be realized by using biological mechanisms such as olfactory receptor. We have already developed a cell‐based odor sensing system which acquires odorant concentration as a fluorescent intensity change. In the measurement, however, an artifact is likely to happen due to lack of stable and reproducible methods for delivering odorants to biological cells. Therefore, we developed and evaluated the automated flow measurement system which can simultaneously control pump, solenoid valve, and camera. Our system realized automation of solution supply and fluorescent measurement. As a result, our system could reduce artifacts and repeatedly performed measurements with the same sensor cells.
Development of Virus Concentration Device by Controlling Ion Depletion Zone for Ultrasensitive Virus Sensing
Authors: MOGI KATSUO , HAYASHIDA KEI , HONDA AYAE , YAMAMOTO TAKATOKI 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYDeveloping a new concentration technique of virus, which is continuous, quick, easy, mobile, and low cost and energy, is one of the key issue to realize high‐sensitive virus sensing to prevent infectious diseases. In this work, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a concentration device for virus using ion depletion zone generated by ion concentration polarization. The performance of the method was evaluated by using fluorescent nanoparticles, baculovirus, albumin, and dextran. As the result, all the samples were successfully concentrated by the proposed method. We also found that the area of ion depletion zone was controlled by flow rate and applied voltage, which may lead not only concentration but also separation by creating a network of ion depletion zones, in the future.
Uniform‐sized neurosphere‐mediated motoneuron differentiation in microwell arrays
Authors: Lee Jong Min , Moon Joo Yoon , Shaker Mohammed R. , Sun Woong , Chung Bong Geun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe developed the photocrosslinkable hydrogel microwell arrays for uniform‐sized neurosphere‐mediated motoneuron differentiation. Neural stem cells (NSCs) were obtained from embryonic cerebral cortex and spinal cord. To generate uniform‐sized neurospheres in a homogeneous manner, the dissociated cells were cultured in the hydrogel microwell arrays for 3 days. Uniform‐sized neurospheres harvested from microwell arrays were replated into laminin‐coated substrate. In parallel, uniform‐sized neurospheres cultured in microwell arrays were encapsulated by photocrosslinkable gelatin methacrylate hydrogels in a three‐dimensional manner. We demonstrated the effect of hydrogel microwell sizes (e.g., 50, 100, 150 μm in diameter) on motoneuron differentiation, showing that the largest uniform‐sized neurospheres derived from embryonic spinal cord efficiently differentiated into motoneurons. Therefore, this hydrogel microwell array could be a powerful array to regulate the uniform‐sized neurosphere‐mediated motoneuron differentiation.
Rapid automatic creation of monodisperse emulsion droplets by microfluidic device with degassed PDMS slab as a detachable suction actuator
Authors: Murata Yuki , Nakashoji Yuta , Kondo Masaki , Tanaka Yugo , Hashimoto Masahiko 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe previously developed a technique that enabled automatic creation of monodisperse water‐in‐oil droplets with the use of an air‐evacuated PDMS microfluidic device. Although the device generated droplets over a long‐time period, the production rate was slow (∼10 droplets per second). In the current study, we aimed to improve this rate, using the same fluid pumping principle described in our previous work, by remodeling our device configuration. To achieve this aim, we developed a new device with a much larger PDMS surface area‐to‐volume ratio within the air‐trapping void space (178 cm–1), than that of our earlier device (5.0 cm–1). This design approach was based on the idea that a larger PDMS surface area‐to‐volume ratio was likely to create a higher vacuum inside the void space, thereby contributing to faster liquid flow and an increased droplet generation rate. The new device consisting of five layers featuring a degassed PDMS slab as a detachable liquid‐suction actuator, which was stacked on a lower microfluidic layer. In this device, the rate of droplet production increased during the time‐course droplet formation and reached ca. 470 droplets per second immediately before completely consuming the loaded aqueous solution (20 μL).
Hexafluoroisopropanol as a Low‐Boiling Extraction Solvent for 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Production
Authors: Weingart Eric , Teevs Linda , Krieg Ramona , Prüße Ulf 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this study, we show that the fluorous alcohol hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) can act as a superior solvent for the in situ extraction of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from an aqueous reaction system. HFIP has a far higher partition coefficient for HMF than common extraction solvents such as methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and n‐butanol and has a significantly lower boiling point of 58–59 °C. In a system containing fructose, HCl as the catalyst, and HFIP as the extraction solvent, a high HMF yield of 89 % is achieved, which is far better than the HMF yields in common MIBK/butanol extraction systems. HFIP extracts HMF from the reaction phase without extraction of the fructose educt. In addition, the aqueous catalyst phase can be reused.
New advances in the volatile metabolites of Frullania tamarisci
Authors: Pannequin Anaïs , Tintaru Aura , Desjobert Jean‐Marie , Costa Jean , Muselli Alain 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe chemical composition of Frullania tamarisci essential oil from Corsica was investigated using GC‐FID, GC–MS and NMR analyses. The essential oil compositions were further studied analyzing samples prepared from three different Corsican locations and during a seasonal vegetative cycle. 40 components, which accounted for 78.3–89.8% of the total amount of F. tamarisci essential oils were identified. The main components were tamariscol coeluted with pacifigorgiol (30.4–41.5%), germacra‐1(10)E,5E–dien‐11‐ol (3.6–7.1%), γ‐cylocostunolide (1.8–20.1%), γ‐dihydrocyclocostunolide (1.2–8.0%) and frullanolide (1.7–4.9%). Among them, germacra‐1(10)E,5E–dien‐11‐ol was never reported in the Frullania genus and pacifigorgiol, a tamariscol GC‐overlapped compound, was for the first time reported in Bryophytes. Finally using 1D and 2D NMR experiments, we reported γ‐dihydrocyclocostunolide as a new natural compound. Two Corsican F. tamarisci essential oils with different GC profiles were assessed for their phytotoxic behavior against onion seeds and seedling in order to evaluate their capacity to inhibit germination and alter the development of plantlets. According to the essential oil‐compositions, a stimulation of the onion seedling was observed when sesquiterpene lactones amount was higher, whilst the inhibition of roots growth occurs when sesquiterpene alcohols were predominantly.
Electrochemical Properties of Al–based Solid Solutions Alloyed by Element Mg, Ga, Zn and Mn under the Guide of First Principles
Authors: Yi Y. , Huo J. , Wang W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMolecular simulation method was firstly used for analyzing the energy of aluminum alloy systems alloyed by Mg, Ga, Zn and Mn. Based on the analyses, Al‐Mg, Al‐Ga, Al‐Zn, Al‐Mn alloys were metallurgically prepared. The structures, electrochemical activities and utilization ratios were characterized by X‐ray diffraction patterns (XRD), anodic polarization measurement and galvanostatic discharge. The calculated energies of the aluminum alloy systems increase in the following order: Al< Al‐Mn < Al‐Mg < Al‐Zn < Al‐Ga. The absolute values of the open circuit potentials of the alloys measured in alkaline solution rank in the following orders: φAl‐Ga alloy > φAl‐Zn alloy > φAl‐Mg alloy > φAl‐Mn alloy and the order is consistent with the calculated energies. The results indicate that molecular simulation based on the first‐principles is a useful method in the alloying design and thermodynamic performance prediction. Alloy additives Zn and Ga effectively change the open circuit potential of metal aluminum to a more negative potential. In addition, alloy additive Zn increases the charge transfer resistance of Al→Al3+, which decreases the discharge current density. Alloy additive Mg diminishes the grain size of the alloy and notably enhances the discharge current density. Alloy additive Mn improves the utilization ratio remarkably when discharging in alkaline solution.
A newly discovered Early Paleozoic ophiolite in Dagele, Eastern Kunlun, China, and its geological significance
Authors: Du Wei , Jiang Changyi , Xia Mingzhe , Xia Zhaode , Zhou Wei , Ling Jinlan , Wang Bangyao 
Published: August 2017

This study reports the discovery of an ophiolite located in the Eastern Kunlun Orogen (Dagele, Eastern Kunlun, China) that is mainly composed of isotropic and serpentinized dunite, gabbro, and eclogites. According to the geochemical results, the ophiolite unit is characterized by the depletion of Nb, Ta, and Ti and a slight enrichment in large‐ion lithophile elements, which suggests that the Dagele ophiolite was formed in an island arc environment. To constrain the time of formation of the ophiolite, gabbro samples were selected for sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe U–Pb zircon dating and yielded an age of 445 ± 4.8 Ma. By integrating the regional geological and geochronological data, we propose that the Dagele ophiolite is a suprasubduction zone‐type. Further studies on this and other ophiolites in the region will provide crucial constraints on the evolution of the Eastern Kunlun Orogen as well as the Proto‐Tethys Ocean in central western China.
Precambrian tectonic affinity of theNorthQinlingMicrocontinent: Constraints from the discovery ofMesoproterozoic magmatic zircons in theQinlingGroup
Authors: Cao Huahua , Li Sanzhong , Zhao Shujuan , Wang Pengcheng , Somerville Ian , Wang Qian 
Published: August 2017

This paper presents new results on zircon U–Pb dating of a two‐mica schist from the Qinling Group in the core of the North Qinling Orogenic Belt (NQB), Central China, with the aim of constraining the formation time of the Qinling Group, and the tectonic affinity of the North Qinling Microcontinent. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the protolith of the metasedimentary rock in the Qinling Group was deposited later than ~1502 Ma. The Qinling Group in the NQB represents a long‐lived unit, and its formation age can be constrained to the period between the Paleoproterozoic and early Neoproterozoic. The zircon age populations of the studied sample can be divided into two major populations of 1559–1642 and 1470–1548 Ma, and one subordinate population of 1717–1794 Ma, indicating their provenances were mainly attributed to the NQB and subordinately from the North China Craton (NCC) and the Yangtze Craton (YZC). And the distribution of the early Neoproterozoic magmatic events and the Nd–Pb whole‐rock isotopes, zircon Hf isotopes, and trace element compositions of the Precambrian basement rocks in the NQB is significantly different from those in the NCC and YZC, indicating that the NQB cannot be a southern sector of the NCC, or a northern sector of the YZC, and was an independent microcontinent from the Paleoproterozoic to the early Neoproterozoic.