bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do pools impede drift dispersal by stream insects?
Authors: Brooks Andrew J. , Wolfenden Benjamin , Downes Barbara J. , Lancaster Jill 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Drift of stream insects is one of the most ubiquitous forms of downstream dispersal and thought to be a key factor influencing the persistence of local populations. Identifying the factors that limit drift dispersal between habitat patches is needed to understand the connectivity of insect populations along river channels.

We determined whether insects drifting between riffle habitats (i.e. patches of suitable habitat) were impeded by natural, slow‐moving pools (i.e. unsuitable habitat), limiting dispersal to the next downstream riffle, by estimating drift rates entering and exiting pools. We also investigated whether the frequency of drift dispersal between riffle habitats decreased with increasing pool size (length, width and depth), resulting from increasing areas of low or zero current velocity and/or distance between habitat patches.

We found that for the majority of study taxa (7 of the 8 taxa), drift dispersal between riffles was significantly hindered by the intervening pool habitat, supporting our prediction that natural, large slow‐moving pools impede the number of invertebrates drifting between riffle habitats. There were three taxa whose drift rates were significantly reduced by increasing pool depth or width—Offadens hickmani, Austrophlebioides spp. and Austrosimulium spp., and weak relationships (p < .10) were also found for Coloburiscoides munionga and Asmicridea edwardsii. Drift was not associated with pool length for any species, suggesting that hydraulic conditions within a pool limit drift dispersal and not the total distance between riffle habitat patches.

Overall, our results suggest drift dispersal seems unlikely to be a major mechanism of long distance dispersal, for at least some common insects. These findings indicate that drift may play a more limited role in stream insect dispersal than is commonly considered and that flying adults may therefore have much greater influence on connectivity among populations.
Evaluation of the use of a sensory room on an adolescent inpatient unit and its impact on restraint and seclusion prevention
Authors: Seckman Angela , Paun Olimpia , Heipp Biljana , Van Stee Marie , Keels‐Lowe Vonda , Beel Frank , Spoon Cari , Fogg Louis , Delaney Kathleen R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTopicRestraint and seclusion (R/S) reduction initiatives require multimodal efforts, particularly proactive approaches to facilitate patients’ regulation. Sensory approaches are an increasingly popular method for helping patients self‐regulate. A plan‐do‐check‐act quality improvement model was used to measure practical aspects of a newly implemented sensory room on an adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit.PurposeThis article describes an adolescent unit's implementation processes and methods used to evaluate a sensory room and its impact on R/S use, staff–patient relationships, and patients’ aggressive behaviors.Sources UsedSelected multidisciplinary literature on sensory rooms and R/S reduction, adolescent unit staff/patient surveys, and institutional quality metrics.ConclusionsThe use of a sensory room intervention substantially decreased patients’ distress and reduced R/S use and aggressive behaviors. Improvements were also found in patient and staff members’ sense of safety. No differences in the quality of staff–patient relationships were found based on sensory room use. An increase in the durations of R/S did occur and was attributed to a few patients who were “high users” of R/S. Considerations for continuous program improvement and research are discussed.
Dermatitis caused by arthropods in domestic environment: an Italian multicentre study
Authors: Stingeni L. , Bianchi L. , Hansel K. , Neve D. , Foti C. , Corazza M. , Bini V. , Moretta I. , Principato M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundSkin diseases caused by mites and insects living in domestic environments have been rarely systematically studied.ObjectivesTo study patients with dermatitis induced by arthropods in domestic environment describing their clinical features, isolating culprit arthropods and relating the clinical features to the parasitological data.MethodsThe study was performed in 105 subjects with clinical and anamnestic data compatible with the differential diagnosis of ectoparasitoses in domestic environments. Clinical data and arthropods findings obtained by indoor dust direct examination were studied.ResultsIndoor dust direct examination demonstrated possible arthropods infestation in 98 subjects (93.3%), more frequently mites (56.1%) (mainly Pyemotes ventricosus and Glycyphagus domesticus) than insects (43.9%) (mainly Formicidae and Bethylidae). Strophulus (46.9%) and urticaria‐like eruption (36.7%) in upper limbs and trunk with severe extent were prevalent. Itch was mostly severe (66.3%) and continuous (55.1%). Ectoparasitoses occurred frequently with acute course in summer (44.9%) and spring (30.6%).ConclusionsPossible correlation between clinical and aetiological diagnosis of arthropods ectoparasitoses in domestic environments needs the close cooperation between dermatologist and parasitologist. This is crucial to successfully and definitely resolve skin lesions by eradicating the factors favouring infestation.
French validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Student Survey (MBI‐SS)
Authors: Faye‐Dumanget Christine , Carré Julie , Le Borgne Margaux , Boudoukha Pr. Abdel Halim 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionSeveral international studies have been conducted on student burnout. To contribute to the clinical examination as well as research on the mental health of students, the MBI‐SS (Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Student Survey) has been validated and used in different countries but not in French.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the validity of the 3‐dimensional model of the French version of the MBI‐SS, which is characterized by emotional “Emotional Exhaustion” (EE); “Cynicism” (CY); and low scores in “Academic Efficacy” (AE).MethodA total of 667 university students were questioned to study the 3‐dimensional structure of the French translation of the MBI‐SS.Results and ConclusionThe results validate the 3‐dimensional structure of the MBI‐SS and indicate satisfactory psychometric values. It is concluded that the MBI‐SS can be used to assess burnout in French students.
Comparative evaluation of esthetic changes in nonpitted fluorosis stains when treated with resin infiltration, in‐office bleaching, and combination therapies
Authors: Gugnani Neeraj , Pandit I. K. , Gupta Monika , Gugnani Shalini , Soni Sugandhi , Goyal Virender 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesDental fluorosis leads to esthetic deviation and varies from nonpitted white opacities, dark brown stains to pitting or structural breakdown of enamel surface. Treatment for fluorosis depends on the severity of condition and includes both noninvasive methods and invasive methods. Recently resin infiltration has been proposed as an alternative treatment for nonpitted fluorosis. This study was done to evaluate the esthetic changes in nonpitted fluorosis stains when treated with resin infiltration, in‐office bleaching and combination therapies.Materials and methodsThe present study is a randomized, single blinded controlled trial with four parallel arms with 1:1 allocation ratio. The intervention arms included bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide, resin infiltration, resin infiltration with increased infiltration time and a combination approach of bleaching and infiltration. Immediate esthetic changes were evaluated for two parameters including, ‘Change in esthetics’ and ‘Improvement in opacities/stains’ using a VAS scale by two independent observers. Kruskal‐Wallis test and Mann‐Whitney U‐test were done for intergroup comparisons.ResultsBest results for both the parameters were observed among patients treated with resin infiltration with increased infiltration time. Mann‐Whitney U test revealed significantly better results for resin infiltration groups (alone or combination with bleaching) as compared to bleaching alone (P < .001).ConclusionsResin infiltration procedure with tailored etching times and increased infiltration time exhibited best results in terms of change in esthetics and improvement in stains.Clinical significanceWhite and brown opacities due to fluorosis have always been a concern for esthetics. In our study, resin infiltration technique with tailored etching times and increased infiltration time exhibited best immediate esthetic improvement for nonpitted fluorotic opacities and stains. These esthetic outcomes reaffirm the applicability of RI technique for nonpitted fluorosis, which was originally advocated only for white spot lesions due to early caries. This will in turn help the dentists to plan the esthetic management of nonpitted fluorosis in a micro‐invasive manner.
The potential of Epimedium koreanum Nakai for herb–drug interaction
Authors: Zhong Qingxiang , Shi Ziqi , Zhang Li , Zhong Rongling , Xia Zhi , Wang Jing , Wu Hao , Jiang Yutong , Sun E , Wei Yingjie , Feng Liang , Zhang Zhenhai , Liu Dan , Song Jie , Jia Xiaobin 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to investigate potential herb–drug interactions (HDI) of Epimedium koreanum Nakai.

Methods
Human liver microsomes (HLMs) were used to determine the enzyme kinetics of the major human cytochrome P450s (CYPs). Inducible potential of E. koreanum on CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C19 and 3A4 activities of human primary hepatocytes was also examined.

Key findings
Ethanol extract of E. koreanum showed direct inhibitory potency for CYP1A2 (IC50 = 121.8 μg/ml, Ki = 110.7 ± 36.8 μg/ml) and CYP2B6 (IC50 = 59.5 μg/ml, Ki = 18.1 ± 2.9 μg/ml). For CYP2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1 and 3A4, only negligible effect was observed. Time-dependent (irreversible) inhibition by E. koreanum was observed for CYP1A2 (KI = 32.9 ± 18.4 μg/ml, kinact = 0.031 ± 0.006 min−1). However, ethanol extract of E. koreanum (1.5–150 μg/ml) did not change the activity or mRNA expressions for CYP3A4, 1A2, 2C19 and 2B6.

Conclusions
The ethanol extract of E. koreanum is not likely to cause HDI via inducing the major human CYPs. But the potential for interactions between E. koreanum extract and substrates of CYP1A2 or 2B6 cannot be overlooked.
St John's wort for depression: scoping review about perceptions and use by general practitioners in clinical practice
Authors: Forsdike Kirsty , Pirotta Marie 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
Extracts of Hypericum perforatum, more commonly known as St John's wort (SJW), have good evidence for treating depression. The herb is easily accessible and widely used by consumers, although it has potential for interaction with other medicines. Consumers’ use of SJW is often not discussed with their general practitioners (GPs). It is unclear how GPs perceive use of SJW in practice and the implications for consumers and pharmacists.

Objective
Explore GPs’ perception of SJW use in practice.

Methods
Scoping review.

Key findings
Few studies explore GPs’ perceptions of SJW for depression, but they appear to recommend it infrequently, except in Germany. Reasons for limited use in practice include lack of knowledge, particularly regarding which preparations and dosages have trial evidence, and lack of standardisation of active ingredients. Guidelines either do not mention SJW or advise against its use.

Conclusions
Consumers drive SJW use but often do not disclose to their GPs, which is concerning due to issues about safety. Pharmacists could play an important role here. Improved education about SJW is required for both GPs and consumers, including the need for communication between them and their pharmacists. Lack of adoption of evidence-based therapy for depression should be explored further.
Preliminary evaluation of serum total cholesterol concentrations in dogs with osteosarcoma
Authors: Leeper H. , Viall A. , Ruaux C. , Bracha S. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo determine if total serum cholesterol concentrations were altered in dogs with osteosarcoma. To evaluate association of total serum cholesterol concentration with clinical outcomes in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma.Materials and MethodsRetrospective, multi‐institutional study on 64 dogs with osteosarcoma. Control population consisted of dogs with traumatic bone fractures (n=30) and healthy patients of similar age and weight as those of the osteosarcoma cases (n=31). Survival analysis was done on 35 appendicular osteosarcoma patients that received the current standard of care. Statistical associations were assessed by univariable and multi‐variable analysis. Information about age, sex, primary tumour location, total cholesterol concentration, monocytes and lymphocyte counts and alkaline phosphatase were also included.ResultsTotal cholesterol was elevated above the reference interval (3·89 to 7·12 mmol/L) (150 to 275 mg/dL) in 29 of 64 (45·3%) osteosarcoma‐bearing dogs, whereas similar elevations were found in only 3 of 30 (10%) fracture controls (P<0·0001) and 2 of 31 (6·5%) similar age/weight controls (P=0·0002). Elevated total cholesterol was significantly associated with a reduced hazard ratio (0·27, P=0·008) for overall mortality in dogs with osteosarcoma.Clinical SignificanceThese results suggest that elevated total cholesterol is associated with canine osteosarcoma and may have prognostic significance.
Identification and Characterization of Megalocytivirus Type 3 Infection with Low Mortality in Starry Flounder, Platichthys stellatus, in Korea
Authors: Jin Ji Woong , Kim Yi Kyung , Hong Suhee , Kim Young Chul , Kwon Woo Ju , Jeong Hyun Do 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMVSF‐12 belonging to megalocytivirus type 3 was isolated from cultured starry flounder; Platichthys stellatus, at the moribund or subclinical stage with low mortalities in Korea. Of 20 apparently healthy fish in the farms, 17 were also confirmed in nested polymerase chain reaction to be infected by megalocytivirus. When starry flounder; rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus; and olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, were artificially infected by MVSF‐12 or iridovirus sachun‐1 (IVS‐1, megalocytivirus type 1), starry flounder and olive flounder showed no mortality until Day 24, without any clinical signs including enlarged spleen, while rock bream showed 100% mortality by IVS‐1 infection within 11 d but no mortality by MVSF‐12. Although it was not pathogenic, MVSF‐12 in infected fish at Day 24 was viable when successfully cultured in vitro using primary rock bream embryo cells and produced a cytopathic effect (CPE) with the viral copy numbers between 1.76 × 107 and 5.23 × 107/mL of culture supernatant. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the low pathogenicity of MVSF‐12 and low susceptibility of starry flounder and olive flounder to both MVSF‐12 and IVS‐1. Indeed, MVSF‐12 at the subclinical stage could be replicated with CPE in vitro, indicating a possibility to induce pathogenic effects and mortality under adverse environment or physiologic conditions.
Effects of Dietary Lipids on the Growth Performance, Survival, and Digestive Enzymes of Juvenile Cuttlefish, Sepia lycidas
Authors: Han Qingxi , Wang Yuan , Lv Tengteng , Han Qinggong , Jiang Xiamin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary lipids on the growth performance, muscle composition, and enzyme activities of the stomach, intestines, and liver of Sepia lycidas juveniles. Fish oil and soybean lecithin were selected as lipid sources to formulate six experimental diets containing lipid levels of 3.68, 4.15, 6.62, 8.09, 9.56, and 11.03%. The feed efficiency first declined and then rose, with the lowest value obtained in individuals fed the 8.09% lipid content diet; the protein efficiency ratio significantly decreased with an increased lipid level. The highest crude protein content and lowest crude lipid content were simultaneously obtained in individuals fed the 9.56% lipid content diet. The activities of pepsase, trypsin, and intestine lipase initially increased before decreasing. The highest activities of protease, trypsin, and lipase were obtained in individuals fed the 9.56% lipid content diet, while the highest activity of amylase was obtained in individuals fed the 6.62% lipid content diet. Hepatic glutamate pyruvate transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase initially increased and then held steady, with the highest activities simultaneously obtained in individuals fed the 9.56% lipid diet. Our results suggest that dietary lipids at a level of 9.56% could be the optimal lipid requirement for S. lycidas to grow and maintain normal metabolism.
Centre‐level variation in outcomes and treatment for otitis media with effusion and hearing loss and the association of hearing loss with developmental outcomes at ages 5 and 7 years in children with non‐syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate: The Cleft Care UK study. Part 2
Authors: Hall A. , Wills A. K. , Mahmoud O. , Sell D. , Waylen A. , Grewal S. , Sandy J. R. , Ness A. R. 
Published: June 2017

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo explore centre‐level variation in otitis media with effusion (OME), hearing loss and treatments in children in Cleft Care UK (CCUK) and to examine the association between OME, hearing loss and developmental outcomes at 5 and 7 years.Setting and Sample PopulationTwo hundred and sixty‐eight 5‐year‐old British children with non‐syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) recruited to CCUK.Materials and MethodsChildren had air and bone conduction audiometry at age 5. Information on grommet and hearing aid treatment was obtained from parental questionnaire and medical notes. Hearing loss at age 5 was defined as >20 dB in the better ear and history of OME and hearing loss was determined from past treatment. Children with sensorineural hearing loss were excluded. Associations were examined with speech, behaviour and self‐confidence at age 5 and educational attainment at age 7. Centre variation was examined using hierarchical models and associations between hearing variables and developmental outcomes were examined using logistic regression.ResultsThere was centre‐level variation in early grommet placement (variance partition coefficient (VPC) 18%, P=.001) and fitting of hearing aids (VPC 8%, P=.03). A history of OME and hearing loss was associated with poor intelligibility of speech (adjusted odds ratio=2.87, 95% CI 1.42‐5.77) and aspects of educational attainment.ConclusionsHearing loss is an important determinant of poor speech and treatment variation across centres suggest management of OME and hearing loss could be improved.
Age is associated with asthma phenotypes
Authors: Ponte Eduardo V. , Lima Aline , Almeida Paula C.A. , de Jesus Juliana P.V. , Lima Valmar B. , Scichilone Nicola , Souza‐Machado Adelmir , Cruz Álvaro A. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe relationship between age and asthma phenotypes is important as population is ageing, asthma is becoming common in older ages and recently developed treatments for asthma are guided by phenotypes. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether age is associated with specific asthma phenotypes.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study. We included subjects with asthma of varied degrees of severity. Subjects underwent spirometry, skin prick test to aeroallergens, answered the Asthma Control Questionnaire and had blood samples collected. We performed binary logistic regression analysis to evaluate whether age is associated with asthma phenotypes.ResultsWe enrolled 868 subjects. In comparison with subjects ≤ 40 years, older subjects had high odds of irreversible airway obstruction (from 41 to 64 years, OR: 1.83 (95% CI: 1.32–2.54); ≥65 years, OR: 3.45 (2.12–5.60)) and severe asthma phenotypes (from 41 to 64 years, OR: 3.23 (2.26–4.62); ≥65 years, OR: 4.55 (2.39–8.67)). Older subjects had low odds of atopic (from 41 to 64 years, OR: 0.56 (0.39–0.79); ≥65 years, OR: 0.47 (0.27–0.84)) and eosinophilic phenotypes (from 41 to 64 years, OR: 0.63 (0.46–0.84); ≥65 years, OR: 0.39 (0.24–0.64)).ConclusionOlder subjects with asthma have low odds of atopic and eosinophilic phenotypes, whereas they present high odds of irreversible airway obstruction and severe asthma.
The Sources of Ore‐forming Fluids from the Jinchang Gold Deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China: Constraints from the He–Ar Isotopic Evidence
Authors: Yu Bing , Zeng Qingdong , Wang Yongbin , He Huaiyu , Su Fei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Jinchang gold deposit (more than 40 tons of gold) is located in the easternmost portion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The gold mineralization types include mainly breccia, quartz vein and alteration rock types. Geological and geochemical characteristics suggest that the Jinchang gold deposit formed by the superposition of epithermal gold deposits and porphyry gold deposits. In this study, the helium and argon isotopic compositions of fluid inclusions in pyrites from the different ores are analyzed. The results show that 3He/4He ratios of fluid inclusions in pyrites range from 0.13 to 2.42 Ra, 40Ar/36Ar ratios are within 308.9–336.7, indicating that the ore‐forming fluids of the Jinchang gold deposit were a mixture of crustal‐derived fluids and partial mantle‐derived fluids, and were contaminated by circum‐flow meteoric water. From the early to the late mineralization stages, Jinchang gold deposit had a fluid evolution trend from more mantle fluid in the central area to crustal fluid in the outer area. Jinchang gold deposit is the result of superimposition of mineralization of magmatic fluids at different phases and nature.
Providing Limited Local Electric Service During a Major Grid Outage: A First Assessment Based on Customer Willingness to Pay
Authors: Baik Sunhee , Morgan M. Granger , Davis Alexander L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhile they are rare, widespread blackouts of the bulk power system can result in large costs to individuals and society. If local distribution circuits remain intact, it is possible to use new technologies including smart meters, intelligent switches that can change the topology of distribution circuits, and distributed generation owned by customers and the power company, to provide limited local electric power service. Many utilities are already making investments that would make this possible. We use customers' measured willingness to pay to explore when the incremental investments needed to implement these capabilities would be justified. Under many circumstances, upgrades in advanced distribution systems could be justified for a customer charge of less than a dollar a month (plus the cost of electricity used during outages), and would be less expensive and safer than the proliferation of small portable backup generators. We also discuss issues of social equity, extreme events, and various sources of underlying uncertainty.