bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing the associations between executive functioning, problematic alcohol use and intimate partner aggression: A dyadic analysis
Authors: Parrott Dominic J. , Swartout Kevin M. , Eckhardt Christopher I. , Subramani Olivia S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsProblematic drinking and executive functioning deficits are two known risk factors for intimate partner aggression (IPA). However, executive functioning is a multifaceted construct, and it is not clear whether deficits in specific components of executive functioning are differentially associated with IPA perpetration generally and within the context of problematic alcohol use. To address this question, the present study investigated the effects of problematic drinking and components of executive functioning on physical IPA perpetration within a dyadic framework.Design and MethodsParticipants were 582 heavy drinking couples (total n = 1164) with a recent history of psychological and/or physical IPA recruited from two metropolitan cities in the USA. Multilevel models were used to examine effects within an actor–partner interdependence framework.ResultsThe highest levels of physical IPA were observed among actors who reported everyday consequences of executive functioning deficits related to emotional dysregulation whose partners were problematic drinkers. However, the association between executive functioning deficits related to emotional dysregulation and IPA was stronger towards partners who were non‐problematic drinkers relative to partners who were problematic drinkers. No such effect was found for executive functioning deficits related to behavioural regulation.Discussion and ConclusionsResults provide insight into how problematic drinking and specific executive functioning deficits interact dyadically in relation to physical IPA perpetration. [Parrott DJ, Swartout KM, Eckhardt CI, Subramani OS. Deconstructing the associations between executive functioning, problematic alcohol use and intimate partner aggression: A dyadic analysis. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:88–96]
Phase III, efficacy and safety study of ertugliflozin monotherapy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with diet and exercise alone
Authors: Terra Steven G. , Focht Kristen , Davies Melanie , Frias Juan , Derosa Giuseppe , Darekar Amanda , Golm Gregory , Johnson Jeremy , Saur Didier , Lauring Brett , Dagogo‐Jack Sam 
Published: January 2017

AimsTo conduct a phase III study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin monotherapy in people with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methodsThis was a 52‐week, double‐blind, multicentre, randomized, parallel‐group study with a 26‐week, placebo‐controlled treatment period (phase A), followed by a 26‐week active‐controlled treatment period (phase B) in 461 men and women, aged ≥18 years with inadequate glycaemic control (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] concentration 7.0% to 10.5% [53‐91 mmol/mol], inclusive) despite diet and exercise. Results from phase A are reported in the present paper. The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c from baseline to week 26.ResultsAt week 26, the placebo‐adjusted least squares mean HbA1c changes from baseline were −0.99% and −1.16% for the ertugliflozin 5 and 15 mg doses, respectively (
P
< .001 for both doses). The odds of having HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) were significantly greater in the ertugliflozin 5 and 15 mg groups compared with the placebo group. Both doses of ertugliflozin significantly lowered fasting plasma glucose and 2‐hour postprandial glucose levels and body weight. The placebo‐adjusted differences in changes from baseline in systolic blood pressure were not statistically significant. A higher incidence of genital mycotic infections occurred in men and women treated with ertugliflozin compared with placebo. There was no significant difference between treatments in the proportion of participants with symptomatic hypoglycaemia or adverse events associated with urinary tract infection or hypovolaemia.ConclusionsErtugliflozin 5 and 15 mg treatment for 26 weeks provides effective glycaemic control, reduces body weight and is generally well tolerated, when used as monotherapy.
The effect of repeated testing vs repeated practice on skills learning in undergraduate dental education
Authors: Sennhenn‐Kirchner S. , Goerlich Y. , Kirchner B. , Notbohm M. , Schiekirka S. , Simmenroth A. , Raupach T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesRecent studies in undergraduate medical education have demonstrated the advantage of repeated testing over repeated practice with regard to knowledge and skills retention. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this “testing effect” also applies to skills retention in undergraduate dental education.MethodsIn this prospective, randomised controlled trial, fourth‐year dental students at Göttingen University Medical Centre participated in a training session on surgical suturing in winter term 2014/2015. Following this, they were either assigned to two sessions of additional skills training (group A) or two sessions of skills assessment with feedback (group B). These sessions were spaced over a period of 4 weeks. Skills retention was assessed in a summative objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) at the end of term, that is 6 months after the initial teaching session.ResultsA total of 32 students completed the study. With regard to suturing, OSCE performance was significantly better in group B than group A (81.9±13.1% vs 63.0±15.4%; P=0.001; Cohen's d=1.33). There was no significant OSCE performance difference in the two groups with regard to other learning objectives that were addressed in the end‐of‐term examination. Thus, the group difference was specific to suturing skills.ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate that in dental education, repeated testing produces more favourable skills retention than repeated practice. Test‐enhanced learning might be a viable concept for skills retention in undergraduate dentistry education.
Action as the Conclusion of Practical Reasoning; The Critique of a Rödlian Account
Authors: Mylonaki Evgenia 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper I take up the question of whether and in what sense action might be the conclusion of practical reasoning and argue against the answer provided by Sebastian Rödl's account of practical reasoning. Rödl's account aspires to steer a middle ground between the attitudinal and the neo‐Aristotelian accounts of practical reasoning, by proposing that its conclusion is at once a thought and a movement. This account is worth considering for it promises to explain both practical reasoning's practicality (that it brings about action) and its rationality (that it is subject to thought governing norms) in one move. But, I argue in this paper, a Rödlian account—an account which grants Rödl's central theses—fails to deliver on its promise. The reason is that, like others, a Rödlian also assumes that the only sense in which practical reasoning is practical is the sense in which it has a conclusion. Challenging this assumption in the right way, I finally suggest, helps us reassess the task of explaining practical reasoning in a way that goes beyond Rödlian, attitudinal and neo‐Aristotelian accounts alike.
Global biogeography of mating system variation in seed plants
Authors: Moeller David A. , Briscoe Runquist Ryan D. , Moe Annika M. , Geber Monica A. , Goodwillie Carol , Cheptou Pierre‐Olivier , Eckert Christopher G. , Elle Elizabeth , Johnston Mark O. , Kalisz Susan , Ree Richard H. , Sargent Risa D. , Vallejo‐Marin Mario , Winn Alice A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLatitudinal gradients in biotic interactions have been suggested as causes of global patterns of biodiversity and phenotypic variation. Plant biologists have long speculated that outcrossing mating systems are more common at low than high latitudes owing to a greater predictability of plant–pollinator interactions in the tropics; however, these ideas have not previously been tested. Here, we present the first global biogeographic analysis of plant mating systems based on 624 published studies from 492 taxa. We found a weak decline in outcrossing rate towards higher latitudes and among some biomes, but no biogeographic patterns in the frequency of self‐incompatibility. Incorporating life history and growth form into biogeographic analyses reduced or eliminated the importance of latitude and biome in predicting outcrossing or self‐incompatibility. Our results suggest that biogeographic patterns in mating system are more likely a reflection of the frequency of life forms across latitudes rather than the strength of plant–pollinator interactions.
On the Uptake of Flexible Working Arrangements and the Association with Human Resource and Organizational Performance Outcomes
Authors: Berkery Elaine , Morley Michael J. , Tiernan Siobhan , Purtill Helen , Parry Emma 
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to identify bundles of flexible working arrangements (FWAs) from data provided by 1,064 organizations in seven EU countries, and to relate bundle membership to demographic variables and human resource (HR) and organizational performance outcomes. Using Ward's hierarchical clustering algorithm we identified four distinct bundles of FWAs based on the uptake of twelve individual FWAs across the sample of organizations. Bundle 1 represents organizations engaging in a high level of annual hours contracts; bundle 2 represents more traditional work practices; bundle 3 represents organizations mainly offering shift‐work and bundle 4 represents organizations with a high uptake of flexi‐time. The demographic profile of organizations recorded across each of the four bundles was significantly different. Finally, significant associations were found between the bundle membership and employee turnover (p < 0.001), absenteeism (p < 0.001) and productivity (p < 0.015). The implications of these results are discussed and directions for future research are proposed.
Evolution of movement rate increases the effectiveness of marine reserves for the conservation of pelagic fishes
Authors: Mee Jonathan A. , Otto Sarah P. , Pauly Daniel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCurrent debates about the efficacy of no‐take marine reserves (MR) in protecting large pelagic fish such as tuna and sharks have usually not considered the evolutionary dimension of this issue, which emerges because the propensity to swim away from a given place, like any other biological trait, will probably vary in a heritable fashion among individuals. Here, based on spatially explicit simulations, we investigated whether selection to remain in MRs to avoid higher fishing mortality can lead to the evolution of more philopatric fish. Our simulations, which covered a range of life histories among tuna species (skipjack tuna vs. Atlantic bluefin tuna) and shark species (great white sharks vs. spiny dogfish), suggested that MRs were most effective at maintaining viable population sizes when movement distances were lowest. Decreased movement rate evolved following the establishment of marine reserves, and this evolution occurred more rapidly with higher fishing pressure. Evolutionary reductions in movement rate led to increases in within‐reserve population sizes over the course of the 50 years following MR establishment, although this varied among life histories, with skipjack responding fastest and great white sharks slowest. Our results suggest the evolution of decreased movement can augment the efficacy of marine reserves, especially for species, such as skipjack tuna, with relatively short generation times. Even when movement rates did not evolve substantially over 50 years (e.g., given long generation times or little heritable variation), marine reserves were an effective tool for the conservation of fish populations when mean movement rates were low or MRs were large.
The effects of dose and diet on the pharmacodynamics of esomeprazole in the horse
Authors: Sykes B. W. , Underwood C. , Mills P. C. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundEsomeprazole warrants further investigation as a treatment for equine gastric ulcer syndrome.ObjectivesTo investigate the duration of intraday acid suppression achieved with two doses of esomeprazole under two dietary conditions.Study designA four way crossover design.MethodsSix adult Thoroughbreds instrumented with percutaneous gastrotomy tubes were used. Intragastric pH was measured for continuous 23 h periods (08.00–07.00 h) for 6 consecutive days (Days 0–5). Baseline data was recorded on Day 0 and esomeprazole was administered on Days 1–5. Two doses (0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg bwt/day per os once daily) and two diets (a high grain/low fibre (HG/LF) and ad libitum hay (HAY) diet) were studied. Data for the percentage of time pH was above 4 (%tpH>4) and median intraday pH was reported for two measurement points and analysed using generalised estimating equations.ResultsAn inconsistent effect of both diet and dose was evident with mean %tpH>4 and mean of the median intraday pHs typically higher at the 2.0 mg/kg bwt dose and in HG/LF diet. A cumulative effect of dosing was present with the magnitude of acid suppression observed on Day 5 consistently higher than that observed on Day 1. The magnitude of acid suppression, at measurement point 1, compared favourably with previous reports on omeprazole and exceeded human therapeutic breakpoints for the 0.5 mg/kg bwt dose in the HG/LF diet and 2.0 mg/kg bwt dose in the HAY diet.Main limitationsInstrumentation may have modified gastric function and horses were not fasted or exercised.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study suggested that both dose and diet affect the response to esomeprazole in the horse and that a cumulative effect is present over the first 5 days of treatment. Further investigation into the clinical efficacy of esomeprazole and trials directly comparing esomeprazole and omeprazole appear to be warranted.
The “Nemo Effect”: Perception and reality of Finding Nemo's impact on marine aquarium fisheries
Authors: Militz Thane A , Foale Simon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGlobal audiences are increasingly being exposed to digital media with fictitious storylines that draw on animal characters involuntarily entering wildlife trades. An understudied problem in wildlife trade is the potential for motion pictures to influence their audience's desire to become more acquainted, often via acquisition, with animals portrayed in the films. The 2003 Disney motion picture Finding Nemo connected audiences with a wildlife trade already commonplace: the marine aquarium trade. In this trade, fisheries supply live coral reef organisms to millions of public and private aquaria worldwide. Here, we examine the perception and reality of Finding Nemo's impact (coined the “Nemo Effect”) on the fisheries of the species complex representing the film's primary protagonist “Nemo” (Amphiprion ocellaris/percula). Import and export figures show little evidence for fan‐based purchases of wild‐caught fish immediately (within 1.5 years of release) following the film. We argue that the perceived impact on these species, driven by popular media with an emotive but scientifically uninformed approach to conserving coral reef ecosystems, can be more damaging to the cause of conservation than helpful. This perspective is intended to encourage marine aquarium trade stakeholders to consider the ecological and social repercussions of both media driven consumption and opposition to the trade. Using lessons learned from Finding Nemo, we discuss the likely impacts the sequel, Finding Dory, will have on wild populations of its protagonist “Dory” (Paracanthurus hepatus).
The pelagic habitat analysis module for ecosystem‐based fisheries science and management
Authors: Harrison Daniel P. , Hinton Michael G. , Kohin Suzanne , Armstrong Edward M. , Snyder Stephanie , O'Brien Frank , Kiefer Dale K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe have developed a set of tools that operate within an aquatic geographic information system to improve the accessibility, and usability of remote‐sensed satellite and computer‐modeled oceanographic data for marine science and ecosystem‐based management. The tools form the Pelagic Habitat Analysis Module (PHAM), which can be applied as a modeling platform, an investigative aid in scientific research, or utilized as a decision support system for marine ecological management. Applications include fisheries, marine biology, physical and biological oceanography, and marine spatial management. The GIS provides a home for diverse data types and automated tools for downloading remote sensed and global circulation model data. Within the GIS environment, PHAM provides a framework for seamless interactive four‐dimensional visualization, for matching between disparate data types, for flexible statistic or mechanistic model development, and for dynamic application of user developed models for habitat, density, and probability predictions. Here we describe PHAM in the context of ecosystem‐based fisheries management, and present results from case study projects which guided development. In the first, an analysis of the purse seine fishery for tropical tuna in the eastern Pacific Ocean revealed oceanographic drivers of the catch distribution and the influence of climate‐driven circulation patterns on the location of fishing grounds. To support management of the Common Thresher Shark (Alopias vulpinus) in the California Current Ecosystem, a simple empirical habitat utilization model was developed and used to dynamically predict the seasonal range expansion of common thresher shark based on oceanographic conditions.
Determinants of stream bryophyte community structure: bringing ecology into conservation
Authors: Monteiro Juliana , Vieira Cristiana 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBryophytes play an important role in headwater stream ecosystems sensitive to human pressures. The high number of bryophyte species listed as threatened in Europe suggests that further efforts to conserve fluvial bryophyte diversity are needed. Investigations of the spatial ecology of bryophyte diversity should help identifying priority areas for conservation of fluvial bryophytes and their habitats.Seasonal temperate headwater streams were sampled at their southern edge distribution in Portugal, within and outside protected areas, at two spatial scales: stream segments and microhabitats. The environmental variables best explaining richness and diversity patterns, as well as the number of threatened species, were identified by partial least square regression. The selection of the best sites for conservation was achieved through the development of a new Index of Fluvial Bryological and Hydrogeomorphological Signature (IFBHS).At the stream segment scale, bryophyte community structure was highly influenced by hydrogeomorphological variables, in particular by hydrological features. At the microhabitat scale, high current velocity constrained bryophyte richness and diversity. The prioritised sites identified through the application of theIFBHSexhibited exceptional bryological richness, high levels of endemism and red‐listed species, as well as unique fluvial microhabitats.Hydrological regime was identified as a major environmental driver of bryophyte community structure in seasonal headwater streams of southern temperate Europe, and this is of particular concern given projected scenarios of climate change and human‐induced flow regime alterations. Prioritised stream segments for fluvial bryophyte and habitat conservation were not only located within protected areas, reinforcing the need to enhance the effectiveness of Natura 2000 Network and national protection areas.
Climate trends account for stalled wheat yields in Australia since 1990
Authors: Hochman Zvi , Gobbett David L. , Horan Heidi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGlobal food security requires that grain yields continue to increase to 2050, yet yields have stalled in many developed countries. This disturbing trend has so far been only partially explained. Here, we show that wheat yields in Australia have stalled since 1990 and investigate the extent to which climate trends account for this observation. Based on simulation of 50 sites with quality weather data, that are representative of the agro‐ecological zones and of soil types in the grain zone, we show that water‐limited yield potential declined by 27% over a 26 year period from 1990 to 2015. We attribute this decline to reduced rainfall and to rising temperatures while the positive effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations prevented a further 4% loss relative to 1990 yields. Closer investigation of three sites revealed the nature of the simulated response of water‐limited yield to water availability, water stress and maximum temperatures. At all three sites, maximum temperature hastened time from sowing to flowering and to maturity and reduced grain number per m2 and average weight per grain. This 27% climate‐driven decline in water‐limited yield is not fully expressed in actual national yields. This is due to an unprecedented rate of technology‐driven gains closing the gap between actual and water‐limited potential yields by 25 kg ha−1 yr−1 enabling relative yields to increase from 39% in 1990 to 55% in 2015. It remains to be seen whether technology can continue to maintain current yields, let alone increase them to those required by 2050.
Abundant carbon substrates drive extremely high sulfate reduction rates and methane fluxes in Prairie Pothole Wetlands
Authors: Dalcin Martins Paula , Hoyt David W. , Bansal Sheel , Mills Christopher T. , Tfaily Malak , Tangen Brian A. , Finocchiaro Raymond G. , Johnston Michael D. , McAdams Brandon C. , Solensky Matthew J. , Smith Garrett J. , Chin Yu‐Ping , Wilkins Michael J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInland waters are increasingly recognized as critical sites of methane emissions to the atmosphere, but the biogeochemical reactions driving such fluxes are less well understood. The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America is one of the largest wetland complexes in the world, containing millions of small, shallow wetlands. The sediment pore waters of PPR wetlands contain some of the highest concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and sulfur species ever recorded in terrestrial aquatic environments. Using a suite of geochemical and microbiological analyses, we measured the impact of sedimentary carbon and sulfur transformations in these wetlands on methane fluxes to the atmosphere. This research represents the first study of coupled geochemistry and microbiology within the PPR and demonstrates how the conversion of abundant labile DOC pools into methane results in some of the highest fluxes of this greenhouse gas to the atmosphere ever reported. Abundant DOC and sulfate additionally supported some of the highest sulfate reduction rates ever measured in terrestrial aquatic environments, which we infer to account for a large fraction of carbon mineralization in this system. Methane accumulations in zones of active sulfate reduction may be due to either the transport of free methane gas from deeper locations or the co‐occurrence of methanogenesis and sulfate reduction. If both respiratory processes are concurrent, any competitive inhibition of methanogenesis by sulfate‐reducing bacteria may be lessened by the presence of large labile DOC pools that yield noncompetitive substrates such as methanol. Our results reveal some of the underlying mechanisms that make PPR wetlands biogeochemical hotspots, which ultimately leads to their critical, but poorly recognized role in regional greenhouse gas emissions.