bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast Prototyping of Silica Glass Microfluidic Chips: The Sol–Gel Route
Authors: Levant Michael , Château Denis , Parola Stephane , Bartolo Denis 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA combination of material, patterning, and sealing method is introduced to replicate and assemble monolithic microfluidic chips made of hybrid silica glass (HSG). First, it is shown how to prepare sols suited to the replication of complex geometries out of range of conventional etching methods. Second, it is shown how to tailor the surface properties of HSG devices. The performances and the simplicity of this fast prototyping method are demonstrated using quantitative mechanical, optical, and physicochemical characterization techniques and benchmark microfluidic experiments. Finally, the high potential of HSG microfluidics to oil‐recovery and chemistry applications in benchmark experiments on crude oils is established.
Adaptable Microcontact Printing via Photochromic Optical‐Saturable Lithography
Authors: Pariani Giorgio , Castagna Rossella , Oggioni Luca , Colella Letizia , Nardi Andrea , Anzani Stefano , Bertarelli Chiara , Bianco Andrea 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA versatile and easily customizable mold platform for the microcontact printing of 1D and 2D patterns of dyes is developed. The mold is obtained by optical‐saturable lithography, which is optimized to give a fast process on millimeter size areas. Supported by a kinetic and an electro–magnetic model, 1D and 2D patterns are designed and successfully transferred on the photoresist layer and copied with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to fabricate stamps that are to be used in the printing process. Fluorescence patterning, by means of these PDMS stamp, is validated and compared with the stamp structure.
Room‐Temperature Plasma‐Assisted Inkjet Printing of Highly Conductive Silver on Paper
Authors: Knapp Caroline E. , Chemin Jean‐Baptiste , Douglas Samuel P. , Ondo Dominique Abessolo , Guillot Jérôme , Choquet Patrick , Boscher Nicolas D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFor the first time, the plasma‐assisted inkjet printing of metal‐organic decomposition (MOD) inks is demonstrated to provide an easily up‐scalable method toward the deposition of highly conductive silver features on paper. Atmospheric plasma sintering methods provide a fast and effective alternative to thermal treatment. This high‐speed, room‐temperature approach ensures the immediate conversion of the MOD inks after printing and thus overcomes wetting issues typically encountered in porous substrates—a mechanical solution to a chemical problem.
Spectroscopy and Biosensing with Optically Resonant Dielectric Nanostructures
Authors: Krasnok Alex , Caldarola Martín , Bonod Nicolas , Alú Andrea 
Published: January 2018

AbstractResonant dielectric nanoparticles made of materials with large positive dielectric permittivity, such as Si, GaP, GaAs, have become a powerful platform for modern light science, enabling various fascinating applications in nanophotonics and quantum optics. In addition to light localization at the nanoscale, dielectric nanostructures provide electric and magnetic resonant responses throughout the visible and infrared spectrum, low dissipative losses and optical heating, low doping effect, and absence of quenching, which are interesting for spectroscopy and biosensing applications. This review presents state‐of‐the‐art applications of optically resonant high‐index dielectric nanostructures as a multifunctional platform for light–matter interactions. Nanoscale control of quantum emitters and applications for enhanced spectroscopy including fluorescence spectroscopy, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, biosensing, and lab‐on‐a‐chip technology are surveyed. The theoretical background underlying these effects is described, realizations of specific resonant dielectric nanostructures and hybrid excitonic systems are overviewed, and an outlook of the challenges in this field, which remain open to future research, is provided.
Synthesis of Iron Phosphate and Their Composites for Lithium/Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Shao Jinying , Li Xinran , Wei Jilei , Pang Huan , Chen Changyun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHigh‐performance electric energy storage material has recently developed due to the attention for sustainable development. As ecofriendly energy storage device, lithium ion batteries and sodium ion batteries deserve more concern today. FePO4 and NaFePO4 share similar advantages such as easy preparation, abundant, and inexpensive, so they can be ideal materials for lithium/sodium ion batteries. This review is focused on recent progresses in nanostructured FePO4/NaFePO4‐based nanomaterial as cathode materials for lithium/sodium ion batteries. FePO4‐based materials contain crystalline and amorphous pure FePO4 nanomaterial, FePO4/C compounds, and other novel materials with unique morphologies. NaFePO4‐based materials contain olivine NaFePO4, Na4FeP2O7, and so on. They own unique properties, including preferable energy density, cycling performance, electrical conductivity, and charge/discharge stability. This review is designed to summarize the synthesis, morphology, and electrochemical property and application of FePO4‐based and NaFePO4‐based nanomaterials. There exist relations among the structure, property, and storage, which is also introduced. Furthermore, this review assesses the challenges and outlooks of FePO4/NaFePO4‐based nanomaterial for future development; it also sheds light on appropriate development direction of advanced rechargeable batteries with a focus on FePO4/NaFePO4‐based nanomaterial.
Manifestation of accelerator type and vulcanization system on the properties of silica‐reinforced SBR/devulcanize SBR blend vulcanizates
Authors: Ghosh Joyeeta , Ghorai Soumyajit , Jalan Arun K. , Roy Madhusudan , De Debapriya 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMechanochemically devulcanized styrene‐butadiene rubber, prepared by bis[3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl]‐tetrasulfide, was blended with fresh styrene‐butadiene rubber. The ultimate properties of the blend vulcanizate depend on a three‐dimensional network structure formed during vulcanization which relies mainly on the accelerator and the vulcanizing system used during compounding. The effect of monosulfide, disulfide, and poly sulfide cross‐links, which primarily gets controlled by different accelerators such as N‐cyclohexyl‐benzothiazyl‐sulfenamide (CBS), tetramethylthiuram disulfide, 2‐mercaptobenzothiazol, and N‐tert‐butyl‐2‐benzothiazyl‐sulfonamide on mechanical, thermal, and dielectric behavior of the blend vulcanizates, was studied. The results indicate that the semi‐efficient CBS vulcanizate has superior mechanical and thermal properties. Therefore, the effect of accelerator to sulfur ratio, that is, (accelerator/sulfur) on the properties of the blend vulcanizates was determined. It is to highlight that a distinctive correlation is observed between the cross‐link types and the fraction of immobilized polymer chains of the blend vulcanizates. Further, the effect of cross‐link types on segmental dynamics of the blend vulcanizates was studied through broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The SEM micrographs indicate the homogeneity of the blend vulcanizates.
Cassava starch‐graft‐poly(acrylonitrile)‐coated urea fertilizer with sustained release and water retention properties
Authors: Jyothi Alummoottil N. , Pillai Swetha S. , Aravind Mancharyamkunnath , Salim Salma A. , Kuzhivilayil Susan John 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCassava starch‐graft‐poly(acrylonitrile) samples were synthesized by a free radical‐initiated polymerization reaction, and urea fertilizer was coated with these grafted starches to obtain the dual benefit of sustained release and water retention properties. A response surface design was used to optimize the synthetic conditions of starch‐graft‐copolymers to maximize the slow nutrient release and water absorbency. The FT‐IR analysis confirmed the grafting reaction, and scanning electron micrographs revealed the ultrastructure of polymer coating. The release of nitrogen in soil from coated urea was more sustained than that from uncoated urea and it varied with grafting level of the polymer. The uncoated urea showed almost complete release of nitrogen by 1 month, whereas %N release was in the range of 69.8%–78.3% from the grafted starch‐coated urea even after 108 days of incubation. The water retention capacity of the coated urea ranged from 74.2% to 426.6% and it decreased with increase in % grafting of the coating material.
Aluminum Chloride‐Graphite Batteries with Flexible Current Collectors Prepared from Earth‐Abundant Elements
Authors: Wang Shutao , Kravchyk Kostiantyn V. , Filippin Alejandro N. , Müller Ulrich , Tiwari Ayodhya N. , Buecheler Stephan , Bodnarchuk Maryna I. , Kovalenko Maksym V. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn the search for low‐cost and large‐scale stationary storage of electricity, nonaqueous aluminum chloride‐graphite batteries (AlCl3‐GBs) have received much attention due to the high natural abundances of their primary constituents, facile manufacturing, and high energy densities. Much research has focused on the judicious selection of graphite cathode materials, leading to the most notable recent advances in the performance of AlCl3‐GBs. However, the major obstacle to commercializing this technology is the lack of oxidatively stable, inexpensive current collectors that can operate in chloroaluminate ionic liquids and are composed of earth‐abundant elements. This study presents the use of titanium nitride (TiN) as a compelling material for this purpose. Flexible current collectors can be fabricated by coating TiN on stainless steel or flexible polyimide substrates by low‐cost, rapid, scalable methods such as magnetron sputtering. When these current collectors are used in AlCl3‐GB coin or pouch cells, stable cathodic operation is observed at voltages of up to 2.5 V versus Al3+/Al. Furthermore, these batteries have a high coulombic efficiency of 99.5%, power density of 4500 W kg−1, and cyclability of at least 500 cycles.
On the Molecular Origin of Charge Separation at the Donor–Acceptor Interface
Authors: Sini Gjergji , Schubert Marcel , Risko Chad , Roland Steffen , Lee Olivia P. , Chen Zhihua , Richter Thomas V. , Dolfen Daniel , Coropceanu Veaceslav , Ludwigs Sabine , Scherf Ullrich , Facchetti Antonio , Fréchet Jean M. J. , Neher Dieter 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFullerene‐based acceptors have dominated organic solar cells for almost two decades. It is only within the last few years that alternative acceptors rival their dominance, introducing much more flexibility in the optoelectronic properties of these material blends. However, a fundamental physical understanding of the processes that drive charge separation at organic heterojunctions is still missing, but urgently needed to direct further material improvements. Here a combined experimental and theoretical approach is used to understand the intimate mechanisms by which molecular structure contributes to exciton dissociation, charge separation, and charge recombination at the donor–acceptor (D–A) interface. Model systems comprised of polythiophene‐based donor and rylene diimide‐based acceptor polymers are used and a detailed density functional theory (DFT) investigation is performed. The results point to the roles that geometric deformations and direct‐contact intermolecular polarization play in establishing a driving force (energy gradient) for the optoelectronic processes taking place at the interface. A substantial impact for this driving force is found to stem from polymer deformations at the interface, a finding that can clearly lead to new design approaches in the development of the next generation of conjugated polymers and small molecules.
Hybrid Dye‐Titania Nanoparticles for Superior Low‐Temperature Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Kunzmann Andreas , Valero Silvia , Sepúlveda Ángel E. , Rico‐Santacruz Marisa , Lalinde Elena , Berenguer Jesús R. , García‐Martínez Javier , Guldi Dirk M. , Serrano Elena , Costa Rubén D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this work, a new strategy to design low‐temperature (≤200 °C) sintered dye‐sensitized solar cells (lt‐DSSC) is reported to enhance charge collection efficiencies (ηcoll), photoconversion efficiencies (η), and stabilities under continuous operation conditions. Realization of lt‐DSSC is enabled by the integration of hybrid nanoparticles based on TiO2‐Ru(II) complex (TiO2_Ru_IS)—obtained by in situ bottom‐up construction of Ru(II) N3 dye‐sensitized titania—into the photoelectrode. Incentives for the use of TiO2_Ru_IS are i) dye stability due to its integration into the TiO2 anatase network and ii) enhanced charge collection yield due to its significant resistance toward electron recombination with electrolytes. It is demonstrated that devices with single‐layer photoelectrodes featuring blends of P25 and TiO2_Ru_IS give rise to a 60% ηcoll relative to a 46% ηcoll for devices with P25‐based photoelectrodes. Responsible for this trend is a better charge transport and a reduced electron recombination. When using a multilayered photoelectrode architecture with a top layer based only on TiO2_Ru_IS, devices with an even higher ηcoll (74%) featuring a η of around 8.75% and stabilities of 600 h are achieved. This represents the highest values reported for lt‐DSSC to date.
How Methylammonium Cations and Chlorine Dopants Heal Defects in Lead Iodide Perovskites
Authors: Nan Guangjun , Zhang Xu , Abdi‐Jalebi Mojtaba , Andaji‐Garmaroudi Zahra , Stranks Samuel D. , Lu Gang , Beljonne David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLead tri‐iodide methylammonium (MAPbI3) perovskite polycrystalline materials show complex optoelectronic behavior, largely because their 3D semiconducting inorganic framework is strongly perturbed by the organic cations and ubiquitous structural or chemical inhomogeneities. Here, a newly developed time‐dependent density functional theory‐based theoretical formalism is taken advantage of. It treats electron–hole and electron–nuclei interactions on the same footing to assess the many‐body excited states of MAPbI3 perovskites in their pristine state and in the presence of point chemical defects. It is shown that lead and iodine vacancies yield deep trap states that can be healed by dynamic effects, namely rotation of the methylammonium cations in response to point charges, or through slight changes in chemical composition, namely by introducing a tiny amount of chlorine dopants in the defective MAPbI3. The theoretical results are supported by photoluminescence experiments on MAPbI3−mClm and pave the way toward the design of defect‐free perovskite materials with optoelectronic performance approaching the theoretical limits.
High Activity Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis by Uniquely Designed Amorphous/Metal Interface of Core–shell Phosphosulfide/N‐Doped CNTs
Authors: Li Dong Jun , Kang Joonhee , Lee Ho Jin , Choi Dong Sung , Koo Sung Hwan , Han Byungchan , Kim Sang Ouk 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA cost effective hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst that does not use precious metallic elements is a crucial demand for environment‐benign energy production. The family of earth‐abundant transition metal compounds of nitrides, carbides, chalcogenides, and phosphides is one of the promising candidates for such a purpose, particularly in acidic conditions. However, its catalytic performance is still needed to be enhanced through novel material designs and crystalline engineering. Herein, a chemically and electronically coupled transition metal phosphosulfide/N‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNT) hybrid electrocatalyst is fabricated via a two‐step synthesis. The uniquely designed synthesis leads to the material morphology featuring a core–shell structure, in which the crystalline metal phosphide core is surrounded by an amorphous phosphosulfide nanoshell. Notably, due to the favorable modification of chemical composition and surface properties, core–shell CoP@PS/NCNT exhibits the noticeable HER activity of approximately −80 mV @ −10 mA cm−2 with excellent durability, which is one of the highest active nonnoble metal electrocatalysts ever reported thus far.
Electrochemical Activity of Hematite Phase in Full‐Cell Li‐ion Assemblies
Authors: Aravindan Vanchiappan , Lee Yun‐Sung 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExploring negative electrodes for high‐performance Li‐ion power packs and related issues that are hampering their commercialization is a particularly important topic of research. This study investigates the electrochemical activity of low‐cost and typical conversion‐type hematite (α‐Fe2O3) anodes in practical assemblies, namely, full‐cell configurations. Numerous studies have reported improvements in the electrochemical activity of α‐Fe2O3 in half cells with Li by tuning the morphology or formulating composites with carbonaceous materials. However, these studies are not sufficient to market them for practical assemblies with conventional cathodes like LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4 and its derivatives, mainly because of large polarization problems, such as, hysteresis, irreversible capacity loss, volume variation, and capacity fading. Eliminating these issues in the fabrication of full cells is necessary, and this study reviews relevant research activities and discusses future prospects in the field.
A New Perspective on the Role of A‐Site Cations in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Myung Chang Woo , Yun Jeonghun , Lee Geunsik , Kim Kwang S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAs the race toward higher efficiency for inorganic/organic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is becoming highly competitive, a design scheme to maximize carrier transport toward higher power efficiency has been urgently demanded. In this study, a hidden role of A‐site cations of PSCs in carrier transport, which has been largely neglected is unraveled, i.e., tuning the Fröhlich electron–phonon (e–ph) coupling of longitudinal optical (LO) phonon by A‐site cations. The key for steering Fröhlich polaron is to control the interaction strength and the number of proton (or lithium) coordination to halide ions. The coordination to I− alleviates electron–phonon scattering by either decreasing the Born effective charge or absorbing the LO motion of I. This novel principle discloses low electron–phonon coupling in several promising organic cations including hydroxyl–ammonium cation (NH3OH+), hydrazinium cation (NH3NH2+) and possibly Li+ solvating methylamine (Li+∙∙∙NH2CH3), on a par with methyl–ammonium cations. A new perspective on the role of A‐site cations could help in improving power efficiency and accelerating the application of PSCs.
Multistate Luminescent Solar Concentrator “Smart” Windows
Authors: Sol Jeroen A. H. P. , Timmermans Gilles H. , van Breugel Abraham J. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , Debije Michael G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA supertwist liquid crystalline luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) “smart” window is fabricated which can be switched electrically between three states: one designed for increased light absorption and electrical generation (the “dark” state), one for transparency (the “light” state), and one for enhanced haziness (“scattering” state). In the scattering state, the absorption and edge emissions decrease while the face emissions are enhanced. This new LSC “smart” window state can find application as a privacy feature in housing, but could also allow for a new “smart” window application as a diffuse glazing to increase plant growth in horticultural applications.
Bioinspired Surface Layer for the Cathode Material of High‐Energy‐Density Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jo Chang‐Heum , Jo Jae‐Hyeon , Yashiro Hitoshi , Kim Sun‐Jae , Sun Yang‐Kook , Myung Seung‐Taek 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCathode materials are usually active in the range of 2–4.3 V, but the decomposition of the electrolytic salt above 4 V versus Na+/Na is common. Arguably, the greatest concern is the formation of HF after the reaction of the salts with water molecules, which are present as an impurity in the electrolyte. This HF ceaselessly attacks the active materials and gradually causes the failure of the electrode via electric isolation of the active materials. In this study, a bioinspired β‐NaCaPO4 nanolayer is reported on a P2‐type layered Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 cathode material. The coating layers successfully scavenge HF and H2O, and excellent capacity retention is achieved with the β‐NaCaPO4‐coated Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 electrode. This retention is possible because a less acidic environment is produced in the Na cells during prolonged cycling. The intrinsic stability of the coating layer also assists in delaying the exothermic decomposition reaction of the desodiated electrodes. Formation and reaction mechanisms are suggested for the coating layers responsible for the excellent electrode performance. The suggested technology is promising for use with cathode materials in rechargeable sodium batteries to mitigate the effects of acidic conditions in Na cells.
New Strategy for Two‐Step Sequential Deposition: Incorporation of Hydrophilic Fullerene in Second Precursor for High‐Performance p‐i‐n Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Guiying , Xue Rongming , Chen Weijie , Zhang Jingwen , Zhang Moyao , Chen Haiyang , Cui Chaohua , Li Hongkun , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn p‐i‐n planar perovskite solar cells (pero‐SCs) based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite, high‐quality MAPbI3 film, perfect interfacial band alignment and efficient charge extracting ability are critical for high photovoltaic performance. In this work, a hydrophilic fullerene derivative [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid‐(3,4,5‐tris(2‐(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)methanol ester (PCBB‐OEG) is introduced as additive in the methylammonium iodide precursor solution in the preparation of MAPbI3 perovskite film by two‐step sequential deposition method, and obtained a top‐down gradient distribution with an ultrathin top layer of PCBB‐OEG. Meanwhile, a high‐quality perovskite film with high crystallinity, less trap‐states, and dense‐grained uniform morphology can well grow on both hydrophilic (poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonic acid)) and hydrophobic (polytriarylamine, PTAA) hole transport layers. When the PCBB‐OEG‐containing perovskite film (pero‐0.1) is prepared in a p‐i‐n planar pero‐SC with the configuration of ITO/PTAA/pero‐0.1/[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester/Al, the device delivers a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.2% without hysteresis, which is one of the few PCE over 20% for the p‐i‐n planar pero‐SCs. Importantly, the pero‐0.1‐based device shows an excellent stability that can retain 98.4% of its initial PCE after being exposed for 300 h under ambient atmosphere with a high humidity, and the flexible pero‐SCs based on pero‐0.1 also demonstrate a promising PCE of 18.1%.