bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreground and Sensitivity Analysis for Broadband (2D) 21 cm–Lyα and 21 cm–Hα Correlation Experiments Probing the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Neben Abraham R. , Stalder Brian , Hewitt Jacqueline N. , Tonry John L. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A detection of the predicted anticorrelation between 21 cm and either Lyα or Hα from the epoch of reionization (EOR) would be a powerful probe of the first galaxies. While 3D intensity maps isolate foregrounds in low-

k

∥

modes, infrared surveys cannot yet match the field of view and redshift resolution of radio intensity mapping experiments. In contrast, 2D (i.e., broadband) infrared intensity maps can be measured with current experiments and are limited by foregrounds instead of photon or thermal noise. We show that 2D experiments can measure most of the 3D fluctuation power at

k
<
0.2

Mpc−1 while preserving its correlation properties. However, we show that foregrounds pose two challenges: (1) simple geometric effects produce percent-level correlations between radio and infrared fluxes, even if their luminosities are uncorrelated; and (2) radio and infrared foreground residuals contribute sample variance noise to the cross spectrum. The first challenge demands better foreground masking and subtraction, while the second demands large fields of view to average away uncorrelated radio and infrared power. Using radio observations from the Murchison Widefield Array and near-infrared observations from the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System, we set an upper limit on residual foregrounds of the 21 cm–Lyα cross-power spectrum at

z
∼
7

of

Δ

2

<
181

(

kJy sr

−
1

mK
)

(95%) at

ℓ
∼
800

. We predict levels of foreground correlation and sample variance noise in future experiments, showing that higher-resolution surveys such as LOFAR, SKA-LOW, and the Dark Energy Survey can start to probe models of the 21 cm–Lyα EOR cross spectrum.
Propriété et souverainetés impériale et nationale dans la Méditerranée orientale de l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Rappas Alexis 
Published: October 2017

Une riche historiographie internationale a mis en lumière le rôle des violences intercommunautaires, des transferts de population et de la redistribution massive de propriétés dans la consolidation des identités nationales dans les États successeurs de l’Empire ottoman pendant l’entre-deux-guerres. En dépit de précautions analytiques, l’essentiel de ces études offre une représentation statocentrée de la nationalisation des appartenances en Méditerranée orientale. Cet article revisite ce récit en s’appuyant sur les démarches entamées par des chrétiens orthodoxes et des musulmans contestant les identités politiques qui leur sont assignées suite au traité gréco-turc de Lausanne de 1923, dans le but de préserver leurs propriétés. Établis dans le Dodécanèse alors sous administration italienne, ces acteurs s’appuient sur les anxiétés coloniales des autorités fascistes concernant leur souveraineté contestée sur cet archipel récemment occupé (1912) et sur la volonté du gouvernement mussolinien de renforcer l’influence de l’Italie dans la région. Ce faisant ils deviennent co-concepteurs d’une nouvelle citoyenneté « égéenne » ou « italienne mineure » qui les place au sommet de la hiérarchie coloniale italienne. Cet article montre la mise en œuvre de « translocalités » au sens où il remet en cause la correspondance axiomatique entre identité politique et territoire en vigueur dans la théorie de la nationalisation des appartenances dans la Méditerranée orientale de l’entre-deux-guerres. Dans la mesure où le gouvernement italien utilise un répertoire national plus qu’« impérial » pour défendre les intérêts de ses sujets coloniaux, l’article questionne également l’opposition normative entre « empire colonial » et « nation » comme deux formations politiques incommensurables l’une à l’autre.
Development of a Novel CD4+ TCR Transgenic Line That Reveals a Dominant Role for CD8+ Dendritic Cells and CD40 Signaling in the Generation of Helper and CTL Responses to Blood-Stage Malaria
Authors: Fernandez-Ruiz Daniel , Lau Lei Shong , Ghazanfari Nazanin , Jones Claerwen M. , Ng Wei Yi , Davey Gayle M. , Berthold Dorothee , Holz Lauren , Kato Yu , Enders Matthias H. , Bayarsaikhan Ganchimeg , Hendriks Sanne H. , Lansink Lianne I. M. , Engel Jessica A. , Soon Megan S. F. , James Kylie R. , Cozijnsen Anton , Mollard Vanessa , Uboldi Alessandro D. , Tonkin Christopher J. , de Koning-Ward Tania F. , Gilson Paul R. , Kaisho Tsuneyasu , Haque Ashraful , Crabb Brendan S. , Carbone Francis R. , McFadden Geoffrey I. , Heath William R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We describe an MHC class II (I-Ab)–restricted TCR transgenic mouse line that produces CD4+ T cells specific for Plasmodium species. This line, termed PbT-II, was derived from a CD4+ T cell hybridoma generated to blood-stage Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA). PbT-II cells responded to all Plasmodium species and stages tested so far, including rodent (PbA, P. berghei NK65, Plasmodium chabaudi AS, and Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL) and human (Plasmodium falciparum) blood-stage parasites as well as irradiated PbA sporozoites. PbT-II cells can provide help for generation of Ab to P. chabaudi infection and can control this otherwise lethal infection in CD40L-deficient mice. PbT-II cells can also provide help for development of CD8+ T cell–mediated experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) during PbA infection. Using PbT-II CD4+ T cells and the previously described PbT-I CD8+ T cells, we determined the dendritic cell (DC) subsets responsible for immunity to PbA blood-stage infection. CD8+ DC (a subset of XCR1+ DC) were the major APC responsible for activation of both T cell subsets, although other DC also contributed to CD4+ T cell responses. Depletion of CD8+ DC at the beginning of infection prevented ECM development and impaired both Th1 and follicular Th cell responses; in contrast, late depletion did not affect ECM. This study describes a novel and versatile tool for examining CD4+ T cell immunity during malaria and provides evidence that CD4+ T cell help, acting via CD40L signaling, can promote immunity or pathology to blood-stage malaria largely through Ag presentation by CD8+ DC.
Neurodegeneration in zebrafish embryos and adults after cadmium exposure
Authors: Monaco Antonio , Capriello Teresa , Grimaldi Maria C. , Schiano Valentina , Ferrandino Ida 
Published: October 2017

<p>Cadmium is a biologically non-essential metal. It is also toxic to many organs including the brain. The aim of this study was to analyse the neurodegenerative effects of this metal in embryos and adults of zebrafish exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of cadmium. The study was performed by cytochemical stainings. Six hours after fertilisation (hpf) zebrafish embryos were treated for 24 hours with 9 μM of cadmium and subsequently stained with Acridine orange in whole mount to detect apoptosis in the brain. Adult zebrafish were treated for 16 days with the same concentration of cadmium, and cell death in the brain was detected by Fluoro-Jade B staining at 2, 7 and 16 days of treatment. An increase in cell death was observed only at 16 days of treatment in adults, while an increase in apoptotic events was revealed in the brain of embryos after 24 h of treatment. This evidence is indicative that cadmium, even at a sub-lethal concentration, induces cell death in the brain of embryos but also in adults of zebrafish in which the phenomenon appears time-dependent. </p>
The Radical New Perspective on Paul, Messianic Judaism and their connection to Christian Zionism
Authors: Du Toit Philip La Grange 
Published: October 2017

The Radical New Perspective on Paul distinguishes between two subgroups of believers in Christ in Paul’s time: gentile believers and Jewish or Judaean believers. The same distinction is utilised in supporting contemporary Messianic Judaism, which presupposes an ongoing covenantal relationship between God and contemporary Jews that exists over and above Christianity. Many proponents of Christian Zionism, a Christian movement that envisions the Jews’ return to the land of Israel, utilise aspects of both the Radical New Perspective on Paul and Messianic Judaism in support of their beliefs. Ironically, while the Radical New Perspective on Paul is a certain product of post-holocaust theology, Christian Zionism can be perceived as a perpetuation of a kind of imperial theology that brings injustice to Palestinian people, especially in view of a post-imperial South African context. While none of these connections are inevitable, to point out the relationship between these approaches to identity serves to rethink some of the preconceived notions behind them, as well as some of the (unintended) consequences that arise from them.
Technology and education: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Cloete Anita L. 
Published: October 2017

This article seeks to contribute to the continuous reflection on the integration of technology into education. In order to accomplish this aim, the use of technology in the form of blended learning and online education will be utilised to illustrate how technology plays a central role in education today. It is argued that technology should not merely be viewed as a tool, but rather as a medium that shapes culture. Therefore, the integration of technology into education should be accompanied by continuous reflection on the identifiable characteristics of technology as medium that is not value-neutral or a disembedded force. To the contrary, technology is socially embedded and could be directly linked to other social developments and processes. The article therefore wishes to highlight the social embeddedness of technology by stressing how it is intertwined with other social developments like economy. In order to utilise technology more effectively and in a responsible manner in education, the nature thereof as medium should be reflected on. In light of the discussion on the technology as a socially embedded medium, the possible challenges and opportunities that it poses as medium to education, are identified and discussed. Specific reference is made on how theological education could benefit from educational technologies.
Die sosiaal-wetenskaplike begrip change agent toegepas op die Efesiërbrief: ’n toepassing tot kerklike welwese
Authors: Van Wyk Barry J. 
Published: October 2017

This article gives a short reflection on the background and origin of the social-scientific model change agent in relation to change agency, a relationship that causes an alternate state of consciousness for the change agent. Arguing from the seven-point explanation of Malina and Pilch of how a change agent operates, this article applies the model to the letter to the Ephesians. The conclusion is that this social-scientific model is helpful for the recent church to realise how narrow the relation is between Jesus Christ and the church, in view of the future of the church as a future in Christ. A choice is made to find alternate words in the Afrikaans language suitable for the theological debate, namely opdraggewer [change agency], meningsvormer [change agent] and alternatiewe staat van bewussyn [alternate state of consciousness].
Assessing the test–retest repeatability of insulin resistance measures: Homeostasis model assessment 2 and oral glucose insulin sensitivity
Authors: Crofts Catherine A.P. , Wheldon Mark C. , Zinn Caryn , Lan-Pidhainy Xiaomiao , Wolever Thomas M.S. , Schofield Grant 
Published: October 2017

Background: Insulin resistance is commonly assessed using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) variants. HOMA is potentially insensitive to change because of its high coefficient of variation. The repeatability coefficient is an alternative means of assessing test repeatability. To be confident of clinical change, rather than biological variation, a subsequent test needs to differ from the former by more than the repeatability coefficient using the equation.Test 1 = Test 2 ± repeatability coefficient.The repeatability coefficients for measures of insulin resistance are unknown.Aim: To compare the repeatability coefficient of HOMA2 variants (Beta-cell function [%B], insulin sensitivity [%S], insulin resistance [IR]) to a dynamic measure of insulin resistance, and the oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) test.Setting: The raw data from a previously used data set were reanalysed.Methods: Glycaemic and insulinaemic tests were performed on 32 men and women both with (n = 10) and without type 2 diabetes (n = 22). From these data, eight fasting tests and three 50-g oral glucose tolerance tests were used to calculate HOMA2 and OGIS. The methods of Bland and Altman assessed repeatability.Results: Repeatability coefficients for all participants for the HOMA2 %B, %S and IR variants were 72.91, 189.75 and 0.9, which equates to 89%, 135% and 89% of their respective grand means. By contrast, OGIS had a repeatability coefficient of 87.13, which equates to 21% of the grand mean.Conclusion: Because of the high repeatability coefficient relative to the grand mean, use of HOMA2 measures for assessing insulin resistance in small population studies should be reconsidered.
What determines firms’ access to credit in the absence of effective economic institutions: evidence from China
Authors: Fu Tong 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The existing literature suggests that economic institutions determine the allocation of resources for economic growth. As an important counterexample, although China has one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, its legal and financial systems are underdeveloped. With evidence from China, the author confirms that government intervention positively and causally determines firms’ access to credit. The author further provides evidence that government intervention enables firms’ profit through facilitating access to credit. This evidence confirms that the mechanism of government intervention allows firms’ access to credit and then enables the firms to obtain relatively large profits. Ultimately, this paper reveals that, in the absence of effective economic institutions, government intervention determines firms’ access to credit.
The Raincoats' The Raincoats
Authors: Pelly Jenn 
Published: October 2017

In 1979, from the basement of a London squat, the Raincoats reinvented what punk could be. They had a violin player. They came from Portugal, Spain, and England. Their anarchy was poetic. Working with the iconic Rough Trade Records at its radical beginnings, they were the first group of punk women to actively call themselves feminists.
In this short book – the first on the Raincoats – author Jenn Pelly tells the story of the group’s audacious debut album, which Kurt Cobain once called “wonderfully classic scripture.” Pelly builds on rare archival materials and extensive interviews with members of the Raincoats, Sleater-Kinney, Bikini Kill, Hole, Scritti Politti, Gang of Four, and more. She draws formal inspiration from the collage-like The Raincoats itself to explore this album’s magic, vulnerability, and strength.
When Genres Collide
Authors: Brennan Matt 
Published: October 2017

When Genres Collide is a provocative history that rethinks the relationship between jazz and rock through the lens of the two oldest surviving and most influential American popular music periodicals: Down Beat and Rolling Stone. Writing in 1955, Duke Ellington argued that the new music called rock ‘n’ roll “is the most raucous form of jazz, beyond a doubt.” So why did jazz and rock subsequently become treated as separate genres?
The rift between jazz and rock (and jazz and rock scholarship) is based on a set of received assumptions about their fundamental differences, but there are other ways popular music history could have been written. By offering a fresh examination of key historical moments when the trajectories and meanings of jazz and rock intersected, overlapped, or collided, it reveals how music critics constructed an ideological divide between jazz and rock that would be replicated in American musical discourse for decades to follow.
Camp Lo's Uptown Saturday Night
Authors: Rivers Patrick , Fulton Will 
Published: October 2017

Geechi Suede and Sonny Cheeba are Camp Lo. These two emcees from the Bronx, NY entered the American hip hop scene with an insider slang that bewildered listeners as they radiated the look of a bygone era of black culture. In 1996, they collaborated with producer Ski and a host of other contributors to create Uptown Saturday Night, featuring the seminal single “Luchini (a.k.a. This is It).” While other 1990s rappers referred to 1970s Blaxploitation culture, Camp Lo were self-described “time travelers” who weaved the slang and style of a soulful past into state-of-the-art lyrical flows.
Uptown Saturday Night is a tapestry of 1970s black popular culture and 1990s New York City hip hop. This volume will detail how the album’s fantastic world of “Coolie High” reflected classic films like Cooley High and the Sidney Poitier film from which the album’s title is derived, and promoted vintage slang and fashion. The book features new interviews with Camp Lo, producer Ski, Trugoy the Dove from De La Soul, Ish from Digable Planets, and others, and offers musical and cultural analyses that detail the development of the album and its essential contributions to a post-soul aesthetic.
Peripapillary Choroidal Neovascularization as an Unusual Complication of POEMS Syndrome
Authors: Nicolai Heleen , Cassiman Catherine , Delforge Michel , Leys Anita 
Published: October 2017

Purpose To report the association of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome with bilateral papilledema and bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a 61-year-old man and to compare our findings with data from a review of the literature. Case report Diagnosis of POEMS syndrome was based on paraproteinemia immunoglobulin A lambda associated with progressive sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy and increased serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Shortly later, loss of vision of the left eye (LE) was noted and bilateral papilledema was observed with peripapillary hemorrhages and papillomacular subretinal fluid. Lenalidomide 25 mg daily and weekly dexamethasone 20 mg were administered and the patient was followed up closely. The systemic complaints initially were controlled and peripheral neuropathy improved. Regression of the papilledema and hemorrhages was observed as well as regression of the papillomacular edema in the LE. However, after a few months, the systemic VEGF levels increased, and an active CNV was diagnosed in the LE. Melphalan and prednisone were administered systemically, and the CNV was treated with bevacizumab intravitreal injections and these treatments proved to be effective. Conclusions Optic disc edema is reported frequently in POEMS syndrome but complication with CNV is rare, this being the second reported case.
Purtscher-like Retinopathy Associated with High Altitude Travel
Authors: Chang Luke Y. , Mi Cindy W. , Im Lily , Patronas Marena 
Published: October 2017

Purpose To report a case of Purtscher-like retinopathy associated with travel at high altitude. Methods Case report. Results A 67-year-old man presented 2 weeks after acute vision loss in his left eye that occurred while he was hiking in the mountains of South America. Funduscopic examination revealed multiple cotton-wool spots and discrete areas of retinal whitening. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated areas of choroidal fluorescence blocked by retinal whitening, delayed arteriovenous transit time, and late capillary leakage. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed hyperreflectivity in the inner plexiform, inner nuclear, and outer plexiform layers localized to the areas of retinal whitening. These findings were believed to be most consistent with Purtscher flecken, and the patient was diagnosed with Purtscher-like retinopathy. Conclusions Purtscher-like retinopathy may be linked to travel at high altitude through retinal vessel dilation and constriction leading to retinal vasospasm and precapillary arteriole occlusion. This proposed mechanism of pathogenesis suggests that Purtscher-like retinopathy may represent a partial central retinal artery occlusion.
Mark Twain's India: The Private-Public Divide inFollowing the Equator
Authors: Sharma Seema 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMark Twain lectured across the Indian subcontinent for over two months and narrated his experiences of India, Australia, and South Africa in his travelogue Following the Equator (1897). Even though Twain makes transnational connections between slavery at home and European imperialism around the globe, his travelogue is replete with ideologically contradictory statements. He alternates between respect for native cultures and a typical nineteenth-century assertion of the superiority of Anglo-American civilization. This article examines Twain's varying private responses to people and cultural practices in India. It also analyses his problematic endorsement of the British Empire as “reinforced by just and liberal laws,” which was in contrast with his later scathing denunciation of American imperialism. It will delve into the possible reasons for Twain's complicity with the colonialist discourse when he operates in a public sphere informed by his reliance on colonialist sources of history.
Literary Regionalism and Mark Twain's Telephone
Authors: Keck Sean 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFocusing on the work of Mark Twain, this article considers the convergence of two late nineteenth-century voice technologies: dialect writing and the telephone. The racial and rural dialects transcribed by regionalist fiction offered mostly white, urban, middle-class readers entertaining encounters with “other” voices from a safe remove. The rhetoric surrounding the telephone's development promised that it would one day fulfill the same function in real time. But “the ideological power of dialect literature” (Gavin Jones) reinforced stereotypes rather than conveying geographically or socially distant voices to readers. Similarly, despite early fantasies of cross-cultural communication, the telephone facilitated socially insular conversation as it became systematized. Twain, however, emphasized the numerous miscommunications of the emergent telephone. Especially in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889), he debunked the myth of cultural contact promulgated by dialect writing and telephony by making readers question their ears.
“A Fiction of Law and Custom”: Mark Twain's Interrogation of White Privilege in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Authors: Spencer Andrew 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is, this article argues, a novel that attacks the very premise of racial hierarchies through Twain's satirical presentation of those who so willingly endorse the practice of subjugating those of nonwhite races. Through a close reading of the text and an examination of Twain's own experiences with African Americans (and his writings about those experiences), it demonstrates how Twain uses various characters throughout the novel—including the widow Douglas and Miss Watson, Pap Finn, the king and duke, and others—to serve as negative examples of those who cling to racist ideologies. Reading through the lens of critical race theory, a new approach to teaching the novel as an attack on the foundations of racism emerges. In the end, this article argues that Twain was focused on dismantling the “fiction of law and custom” that he knew racial hierarchies to be.