bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring younger onset dementia: What the qualitative literature reveals about the ‘lived experience’ for patients and caregivers
Authors: Spreadbury John H , Kipps Christopher 
Published: January 2017

Background The qualitative research on young onset dementia is providing insights about the ‘lived experience’ of patients and caregivers. However, findings from these studies have seldom been integrated into descriptive overviews. Our aim was to search the qualitative research, to integrate the qualitative findings, and offer an account of the lived experience for patients and caregivers. Method The search of the qualitative research formed part of a broader comprehensive literature search investigating salient measurement issues in the young onset dementia psychosocial research. Five electronic databases were searched (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane Library) plus supplementary searching of reference sections and use of online search engines. We identified 23 qualitative articles. Results In the pre-diagnostic period, patients experience changes in cognition and functioning but may be uncertain about changes and their significance. Caregivers may observe changes, think of explanations, and are important in instigating medical intervention. Obtaining a diagnosis may be a demanding process and the possibility of dementia may not be anticipated. In the post-diagnostic period, patients and caregivers use several strategies to cope and adjust. Patients can withdraw from established responsibilities while caregivers assume compensatory roles/duties. Patients perceive changes in their identity while caregivers perceive changes in the caregiver–patient relationship. Both can experience grief, isolation, and stigma. Discussion The diagnosis of dementia elicits significant changes in thinking, emotion, and lifestyle that patients and caregivers are unlikely to be ready for. Both receive insufficient support or guidance in particular of a psychological nature on how to cope and adjust.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Rose Kevin , Herd Ann , Palacio Stephanie 
Published: January 2017

The Problem Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) are discretionary employee behaviors, such as helping fellow employees or voluntarily promoting the organization, that are important contributors to several aspects of performance in organizations. One of the defining aspects of OCBs is that these behaviors are offered freely by employees; they are engaged in voluntarily. However, for some employees, these kinds of behaviors may be considered expected or required as part of the employees in-role job prescriptions. This is the case with Soldiers in the United States Army. The Solution In this conceptual paper, we juxtapose the treatment and conceptualization of OCBs in Army work culture with that in civilian work culture and posit that individuals transitioning from a career in military service to a civilian career may encounter a need for reframing these behaviors in their new work contexts. The Stakeholders For Soldiers, OCB-like behaviors are expected as part of their role and are measured in evaluations of performance. Because these behaviors are required of service members, but discretionary for most civilian employees, dissonance can be created for Soldiers transitioning from a military career to the civilian workforce.
Post 9/11 Veterans With Service-Connected Disabilities and their Transition to the Civilian Workforce
Authors: Stern Lisa 
Published: January 2017

The problem More than five million U.S. veterans are expected to return to our communities and the civilian workforce by the year 2020. The vast majority of Americans have little understanding of military service or the impact service may have on civilian employment outcomes. Connection to the labor force provides the swiftest means for a successful transition back home, yet almost half of post 9/11 veterans indicate finding a job is their biggest challenge. An exploratory literature review was conducted to examine if and how the career transition of post 9/11 veterans with service-connected disabilities is presented in the human resource development (HRD) literature. The solution Based on the results of this exploratory literature review, three solutions are proposed: (a) examine what is working at work for veterans with disabilities in an effort to change the research conversation from problems to solutions, (b) understand and begin to deconstruct the veteran–civilian career identity conflict, and (c) explore the lived experiences of veterans with service-connected disabilities and their employers. The Stakeholders HRD researchers, HRD scholarly practitioners, and HRD professionals with an interest in the complexity of career transition and return-to-work issues facing veterans and people with disabilities.
Proven Leadership = College Credit
Authors: Bergman Matt , Herd Ann 
Published: January 2017

The Problem As service men and women transition to the civilian workforce because of a major drawdown of combat forces, many will face challenges with education requirements necessary to gain employment they desire in the civilian sector. The Solution Consequently, colleges and universities are adapting to this group of adult learners with convenient, flexible, and structured pathways to greater levels of educational attainment. One method of assisting military-connected students and student veterans is acknowledgment of credit for prior learning in the military. Portfolio development for prior learning assessment (PLA) has become a practice for adult learners in many institutions. The Stakeholders This article provides a review of the literature on PLA and discusses how it may address a multitude of challenges faced by transitioning military members who wish to consider formal education as an avenue to move forward in their careers and lives.
Military Veterans’ Transferrable Skills
Authors: Davis Valerie E. , Minnis Sarah E. 
Published: January 2017

The Problem Military veterans face a number of employment challenges as they transition from military service to civilian employment. Although the American workforce has become much more diverse, there continues to be a lack of understanding and misperceptions about veterans’ skillsets and military experiences which inhibits successful employment after military service. Veterans are a source of talent for civilian employers as they bring distinctive capabilities and valuable skills developed through real-world, high-pressure experience, but some human resource development (HRD) practitioners may not be aware of the vast array of skills, training, and knowledge that veterans bring to the civilian workforce in addition to supervisory and management skills acquired during their time in the armed forces. Given the civilian public’s general lack of knowledge about military experience, HRD practitioners, in particular, may be less able to effectively evaluate and integrate veterans’ military experiences, skills, and capabilities in the civilian employment sector. These misunderstandings are contributing factors impacting veterans’ ability to transfer their skills from military to business cultures. The Solution It is imperative that HRD practitioners understand the potentially strong contributions and societal misperceptions regarding the business value of military veterans’ skills and experiences. This article will explore distinctive capabilities of veterans that make them assets in the civilian workforce as well as some potential concerns and highlight HRD’s role in recognizing and facilitating the development of veteran hiring and retention initiatives in civilian employment. Educating HRD professionals about how to integrate military veterans’ skills, knowledge, and abilities in business cultures and mitigate concerns is vital to promote veterans’ contributions to civilian organizations and is necessary for effective hiring and talent development. The Stakeholders Veterans, HRD professionals, scholars, practitioners, and policy makers interested in the HRD field, private sector, federal, nonfederal public sector, and U.S. Office of Personnel Management.
Recognising small image quality differences for ultrasound probes and the potential of misdiagnosis due to undetected side lobes
Authors: Doblhoff Georg , Satrapa Jaroslav , Coulthard Philip 
Published: January 2017

Background Ultrasonic imaging is an integral and routine procedure in many medical applications. An increased awareness of the need for quality assurance in this field has led to numerous tests being proposed. Due to the complexity of the problem, the tests directly measuring the important parameters of resolution and contrast of low-echoic structures are not unified, often more qualitative than quantitative, and are performed at large periodic intervals. Uniform sensitivity of an array transducer is a necessary but insufficient requirement for imaging quality of an ultrasound probe. Good probe uniformity should in no way be confused with meaning the ultrasound probe is working as it should. Methods In this paper, side lobes in the elevation direction and side and grating lobes in the lateral direction are discussed. Both may provide uniform element response across the scanner, yet result in a loss of resolution and contrast. To resolve problems of these resolution and contrast-relevant parameters being overlooked, a crossed filament phantom is introduced. Results The cross-filament phantom provides the determination of resolution- and contrast-relevant parameters of a scanner, by directly measuring the main, side and grating-lobes of the beam in 3D. The main lobe 3D-data allows the determination of lateral and elevational resolution at different depths and thus the focal settings. In combination with the side and grating lobe information, the contrast for a small non-echoic object (i.e. a cyst) in an echoic environment may be explained. Conclusion We argue that regarding system acceptance, system baseline quality assurance and routine quality assurance, the analysis of the beam shape should be part of the comprehensive assessment. Combining the results with void resolution and contrast measurements is recommended.
The feasibility of implementation of ultrasound equipment standards set by United Kingdom professional bodies
Authors: Dudley Nicholas J , Harries Debbie , Wardle Jessica 
Published: January 2017

Introduction The Royal College of Radiologists and the Society and College of Radiographers in the United Kingdom published ‘Standards for the provision of an ultrasound service’, including application-specific limiting values for resolution and penetration. No measurement methods were detailed. We aimed to explore a possible theoretical basis for the standards and to develop a measurement protocol. Methods Since application-specific standards fail to account for probes of different frequencies used for similar applications and no evidence for the standards was provided, we developed generic standards based on theoretical considerations. In a trial implementation of the published standards, automated measurements were made on four recently purchased scanners with a total of eight probes, results being assessed against the standards. Measurements were made on 15 modern probes and used to develop our generic standards. Results Automated measurements showed less inter- and intra-observer variability than manual/visual measurements. Four new ultrasound scanners with a total of eight probes all failed to meet the published axial and lateral resolution standards; three failed to meet the penetration standard. Our generic standards were tested on 15 probes, four probes failing to meet the revised standards. Conclusions Automated methods are essential for measurements against standards. New generic standards with a theoretical basis have been proposed. Further work is required to refine standards and methods and to determine the appropriate contributions of objective and subjective equipment selection methods.
Changing Paradigms in the Management of Rejection in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Maier Mirela , Takano Tomoko , Sapir-Pichhadze Ruth 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of review: P4 medicine denotes an evolving field of medicine encompassing predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory medicine. Using the example of kidney allograft rejection because of donor-recipient incompatibility in human leukocyte antigens, this review outlines P4 medicine’s relevance to the various stages of the kidney transplant cycle. Sources of information: A search for English articles was conducted in Medline via OvidSP (up to August 18, 2016) using a combination of subject headings (MeSH) and free text in titles, abstracts, and author keywords for the concepts kidney transplantation and P4 medicine. The electronic database search was expanded further on particular subject headings. Findings: Available histocompatibility methods exemplify current applications of the predictive and preventive domains of P4 medicine in kidney transplant recipients’ care. Pharmacogenomics are discussed as means to facilitate personalized immunosuppression regimens and promotion of active patient participation as a means to improve adherence. Limitations: For simplicity, this review focuses on rejection. P4 medicine, however, should more broadly address health concerns in kidney transplant recipients, including competing outcomes such as infections, malignancies, and cardiovascular disease. This review highlights how biomarkers to evaluate these competing outcomes warrant validation and standardization prior to their incorporation into clinical practice. Implications: Consideration of all 4 domains of the P4 medicine framework when caring for and/or studying kidney transplant recipients has the potential of increasing therapeutic efficiency, minimizing adverse effects, decreasing health care costs, and maximizing wellness. Technologies to gauge immune competency, immunosuppression requirements, and early/reversible immune-mediated injuries are required to optimize kidney transplant care.
Are metric parameters sufficient alone in evaluation of the patellar instability? New angular measuring parameters
Authors: Deveci Alper , Cankaya Deniz , Yilmaz Serdar , Celen Ersin , Sakman Bulent , Bozkurt Murat 
Published: January 2017

Purposes: When the evaluation of patellar instability is examined from the aspect of the conical-cylindrical anatomy of the tibia, metric measurement parameters such as the tuberositas tibia (TT)–trochlear groove (TG) and patellar tendon (PT) insertion–trochlear groove (TG) distances are not sufficient. We asked whether defined angular parameters reveal the rotational movement of the tuberositas tibia on the tibia shaft, additional to the metric parameters and there is a correlation between the metric and angular parameters. Methods: 19 patients with patellar instability and 22 patients without patellar instability were evaluated. For all patients, two angle and three length parameters were evaluated on the slices taken. Evaluations were made of the TT-TG, the midpoint of the PT insertion-TG distances, the anatomic midpoint of the dome of the TT-TG, the TG-PT angle, and the TG-dome angle (DA). The Pearson correlation test was used for the statistical analysis of correlations between groups. Results: A statistically significant increase was determined in the patellar instability group in the TG-DA and TG-PT angle values compared to the group without patellar instability ( p < 0.05). In both groups, a positive and strong correlation was determined between the TT-TG and the TG-PT and dome of the TT-TG distances, but no statistically significant correlation was determined between the tuberositas TT-TG and TG-PT angle and TG-DA. Conclusion: Metric parameters may not be sufficient alone in the evaluation of patellar instability. Metric parameters should be supported by additional angular parameters which reveal the rotational movement of the TT on the tibia shaft.
Color Doppler ultrasound assessment for identifying perforator arteries of the second dorsal metacarpal flap
Authors: Nanno Mitsuhiko , Kodera Norie , Tomori Yuji , Hagiwara Yusuke , Takai Shinro 
Published: January 2017

Purpose: The second dorsal metacarpal (SDMC) perforator flap has been widely used for the soft tissue reconstruction of the hand. However, it is difficult to identify the depth and branches of the perforators of the second dorsal metacarpal artery (SDMA) using only handheld acoustic Doppler flowmetry (HADF), which is the most common method. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of examination by color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) with those of HADF and to evaluate the efficacy of CDU for detection of the perforators to be used in the design of the SDMC flap. Methods: Twenty-two healthy volunteers (42 hands) were examined using both CDU and HADF. All locations identified as the perforators of the SDMA by the two examinations were mapped respectively. Results: The total perforator arteries detected with CDU in all hands were 111 branches, 49 branches of which could not be identified with HADF. The average number of perforators of the SDMA per hand found with CDU was 2.8 branches, while that for HADF was only 1.8 branches. The detection rates of the cutaneous perforators of the SDMA by CDU were 100% in the proximal one-third of the second metacarpal and 95% in the distal one-fourth of the second metacarpal. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the superiority of CDU compared with HADF for detection of the perforators of the SDMA. The CDU examination could easily identify the locations of the cutaneous perforators and help in the useful assessment of vascularity for the SDMC flap.
Perception of Health Problems Among Competitive Runners
Authors: Jelvegård Sara , Timpka Toomas , Bargoria Victor , Gauffin Håkan , Jacobsson Jenny 
Published: January 2017

Background: Approximately 2 of every 3 competitive runners sustain at least 1 health problem each season. Most of these problems are nontraumatic injuries with gradual onset. The main known risk indicator for sustaining a new running-related injury episode is a history of a previous injury, suggesting that behavioral habits are part of the causal mechanisms. Purpose: Identification of elements associated with purposeful interpretations of body perceptions and balanced behavioral responses may supply vital information for prevention of health problems in runners. This study set out to explore competitive runners’ cognitive appraisals of perceived symptoms on injury and illness and how these appraisals are transformed into behavior. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The study population consisted of Swedish middle- and long-distance runners from the national top 15 list. Qualitative research methods were used to categorize interview data and perform a thematic analysis. The categories resulting from the analysis were used to construct an explanatory model. Results: Saturation of the thematic classification required that data from 8 male and 6 female runners (age range, 20-36 years) were collected. Symptoms interpreted to be caused by illness or injury with a sudden onset were found to lead to immediate action and changes to training and competition programs (activity pacing). In contrast, perceptions interpreted to be due to injuries with gradual onset led to varied behavioral reactions. These behavioral responses were planned with regard to short-term consequences and were characterized by indifference and neglect of long-term implications, consistent with an overactivity behavioral pattern. The latter pattern was consistent with a psychological adaptation to stimuli that is presented progressively to the athlete. Conclusion: Competitive runners appraise whether a health problem requires immediate withdrawal from training based on whether the problem is interpreted as an illness and/or has a sudden onset. The ensuing behaviors follow 2 distinct patterns that can be termed “activity pacing” and “overactivity.”
Plantaris Excision Reduces Pain in Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy Even in the Absence of Plantaris Tendinosis
Authors: Calder James D. F. , Stephen Joanna M. , van Dijk C. Niek 
Published: January 2017

Background: It is becoming increasingly apparent that the plantaris can contribute to symptoms in at least a subset of patients with midportion Achilles tendinopathy. However, the nature of its involvement remains unclear. Purpose: To determine whether excised plantaris tendons from patients with midportion Achilles tendinopathy display tendinopathic changes and whether the presence of such changes affect clinical outcomes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Sixteen plantaris tendons in patients with midportion Achilles tendinopathy recalcitrant to conservative management underwent histological examination for the presence of tendinopathic changes. All patients had imaging to confirm the presence of the plantaris tendon adherent to or invaginated into the focal area of Achilles tendinosis. Visual analog scale (VAS) and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) results were recorded pre- and postoperatively. Results: Sixteen patients (mean age, 26.2 years; range, 18-47 years) underwent surgery, with a mean follow-up of 14 months (range, 6-20 months). The plantaris tendon was histologically normal in 13 of 16 cases (81%). Inflammatory changes in the loose peritendinous connective tissue surrounding the plantaris tendon were evident in all cases. There was significant improvement in mean VAS scores ( P < .05) and all domains of the FAOS postoperatively ( P < .05). Conclusion: The absence of any tendinopathic changes in the excised plantaris of 13 patients who clinically improved suggests plantaris involvement with Achilles tendinopathy may not yet be fully understood and supports the concept that this may be a compressive or a frictional phenomenon rather than purely tendinopathic.
Axial-Plane Biomechanical Evaluation of 2 Suspensory Cortical Button Fixation Constructs for Acromioclavicular Joint Reconstruction
Authors: Struhl Steven , Wolfson Theodore S. , Kummer Frederick 
Published: January 2017

Background: Although numerous suture-button fixation techniques for acromioclavicular (AC) joint reconstruction have been validated with biomechanical testing in the superior direction, clinical reports continue to demonstrate high rates of construct slippage and breakage. Purpose: To compare the stability of a novel closed-loop double Endobutton construct with a commercially available cortical button system in both the axial and superior directions. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Six matched pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric upper extremities were anatomically dissected and prepared to simulate a complete AC joint dislocation. One side of each pair was reconstructed with the double Endobutton (DE) construct and other side with the dog bone button (DB) construct. The specimens were then tested using a materials testing machine, determining initial superior and axial displacements with a preload, and then cyclically loaded in the axial direction with 70 N for 5000 cycles. Displacement was again measured with the same preloads at fixed cycle intervals. The specimens were then loaded superiorly to failure. Results: At 5000 cycles, the mean axial displacement was 1.7 mm for the DB group and 1.2 mm for the DE group ( P = .19), and the mean superior displacement was 1.1 mm for the DB group and 0.7 mm for the DE group ( P = .32). Load at failure was similar (558 N for DE, 552 N for DB; P = .96). There was no statistically significant difference in the modes of failure. Conclusion: Biomechanical testing of both constructs showed similar fixation stability after cyclical axial loading and similar loads to failure. Clinical Relevance: The strength of both constructs after cyclical loading in the axial plane and load-to-failure testing in the superior plane validate their continued clinical use for achieving stability in AC joint reconstruction procedures.