bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fitness‐related offspring sex allocation of Anastatus disparis, a gypsy moth egg parasitoid, on different‐sized host species
Authors: Liu Peng‐Cheng , Men Jin , Zhao Bin , Wei Jian‐Rong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAnastatus disparis (Ruschka) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) is an egg parasitoid and considered a potential biological control agent of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Only male offspring of A. disparis emerge from single eggs of L. dispar in the laboratory, and A. disparis exhibits low parasitism on L. dispar in the field. We therefore selected several lepidopteran species with various body sizes to evaluate the optimal egg size for hosting A. disparis. In addition, we explored whether the nutritional content of a single L. dispar egg influences the sex of A. disparis offspring and why female offspring can be reared from L. dispar eggs in the field. The results indicated that host egg size decisively influenced the body size and sex ratio of the parasitoid offspring. Therefore, larger hosts, especially the largest eggs of Antheraea pernyi Guérin‐Méneville (Saturniidae), might increase the fitness of A. disparis females. Lymantria dispar eggs concealed in the larger egg shell of A. pernyi produced female A. disparis, suggesting that adult A. disparis should prefer hosts with larger bodies and that the nutritional content of L. dispar eggs did not play a decisive role in the sex allocation of A. disparis. The results also indicated that the egg mass and the fur cover of L. dispar egg masses might be the key factors inducing female A. disparis to lay female offspring in L. dispar eggs.
Density estimation and optimal sterile‐to‐wild ratio to induce sterility in Anastrepha obliqua populations
Authors: Flores Salvador , Gómez‐Escobar Enoc , Liedo Pablo , Toledo Jorge , Montoya Pablo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe aimed to estimate population densities of Anastrepha obliqua (McQuart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) from trap data by releasing known numbers of sterile adults into mango orchards, and to determine sterility induction through the use of different sterile‐to‐wild ratios in field cages. Population densities were monitored with Multilure traps baited with hydrolysed protein (Captor 300) or BioLure during dry and rainy seasons. There was a positive relationship between the release density of sterile flies and the number of flies trapped per day (FTD index) for both attractants and in both seasons. Captor was the most effective lure. Traps baited with either attractant captured significantly fewer adult flies in the dry season than in the rainy season. A 10:1 sterile:wild ratio induced around 80% sterility in A. obliqua cohorts. No significant differences were observed when comparing the release of both males and females vs. only males. These findings can support area‐wide integrated pest management programs for application of the sterile insect technique to suppress or eradicate this fruit fly pest.
Aphid orientation and performance in glasshouses under different UV‐A/UV‐B radiation regimes
Authors: Dáder Beatriz , Moreno Aránzazu , Gwynn‐Jones Dylan , Winters Ana , Fereres Alberto 
Published: May 2017

AbstractVisual cues leading to host selection and landing are of major importance for aphids and evidence suggests that flight activity is very dependent on ultraviolet (UV)‐A radiation in the environment. At the same time research on insect plant hosts suggest that the UV‐B component can deter some pests via changes in secondary metabolite chemistry. Here, we examine the potential of UV (UV‐A/UV‐B) radiation to control insect pests in the glasshouse environment. We first examined artificial exposure to UV‐B and the potential to trigger morphological and biochemical modifications in pepper (Capsicum annuum L., Solanaceae) with implications for the fitness of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae). UV‐B caused accumulation of leaf secondary metabolites and soluble carbohydrates, and stimulated photosynthetic pigments. However, UV‐B did not impact on foliar protein content and aphid performance was unaffected. Next, we studied how altering the UV‐A/UV‐B ratio environment affected aphid orientation and spatial distribution over time, either directly or by exposing plants to supplemental UV before insect introduction. Aphids directly settled and dispersed on their host pepper plants more readily in the presence of supplemental UV‐A and UV‐B. In the control treatment with ambient glasshouse UV‐A and UV‐B, insects remained more aggregated. Furthermore, insects were less attracted to peppers pre‐exposed to supplemental UV‐A and UV‐B radiation. Our results suggest that suppression of UV‐A and UV‐B inside the protected environment reduces aphid colonization and dispersal. Furthermore, application of moderate exposure of young pepper plants to supplemental UV‐B radiation could aid in protection from the colonization by phytophagous insects.
Postictal generalized EEG suppression and respiratory dysfunction following generalized tonic–clonic seizures in sleep and wakefulness
Authors: Peng Weifeng , Danison Jessica L. , Seyal Masud 
Published: May 2017

SummaryObjectiveSudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a common cause of death in epilepsy and frequently occurs following generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS) in sleep. Postictal generalized electroencephalography (EEG) suppression (PGES), postictal immobility, and periictal respiratory dysfunction are potential risk factors for SUDEP. We sought to determine whether there was a difference in respiratory dysfunction, PGES, and postictal immobility for GTCS occurring during wakefulness or sleep.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed video‐EEG telemetry data in the epilepsy‐monitoring unit. Patients’ state at seizure onset and seizure characteristics were identified. Respiratory parameters and heart rate were recorded. Presence and duration of PGES and time to first postictal nonrespiratory movement were recorded.ResultsThere were 165 seizures in 67 patients. There was no significant difference in the duration of postictal immobility in GTCS occurring out of wakefulness or sleep (p = 0.280). Oxygen desaturation nadir (p = 0.572) and duration of oxygen desaturation were not significantly different for GTCS starting during sleep or wakefulness (p = 0.992). PGES occurred more frequently when seizure onset was in sleep than in wakefulness (p = 0.004; odds ratio [OR] 2.760). There was no difference in the duration of PGES between the two groups.SignificancePGES occurs more commonly after GTCS in sleep than in wakefulness but, in the epilepsy‐monitoring unit (EMU), a patient's state at seizure onset does not affect the degree of respiratory dysfunction or duration of postictal immobility. In sleep, outside the hospital setting, GTCS are likely to go unnoticed. Postictal immobility in prone patients prevents head repositioning and unimpeded air exchange. A positive feedback cycle ensues with increasing respiratory distress, potentiating postictal immobility and PGES and eventually leading to asystole. Our findings suggest that the high incidence of nocturnal SUDEP may be related to the unsupervised environment during sleep rather than the severity of sleep‐related respiratory dysfunction or PGES duration in the immediate postictal period.
Cacna1g is a genetic modifier of epilepsy in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome
Authors: Calhoun Jeffrey D. , Hawkins Nicole A. , Zachwieja Nicole J. , Kearney Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryDravet syndrome, an early onset epileptic encephalopathy, is most often caused by de novo mutation of the neuronal voltage‐gated sodium channel gene SCN1A. Mouse models with deletion of Scn1a recapitulate Dravet syndrome phenotypes, including spontaneous generalized tonic–clonic seizures, susceptibility to seizures induced by elevated body temperature, and elevated risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Importantly, the epilepsy phenotype of Dravet mouse models is highly strain‐dependent, suggesting a strong influence of genetic modifiers. We previously identified Cacna1g, encoding the Cav3.1 subunit of the T‐type calcium channel family, as an epilepsy modifier in the Scn2aQ54 transgenic epilepsy mouse model. In this study, we asked whether transgenic alteration of Cacna1g expression modifies severity of the Scn1a+/− Dravet phenotype. Scn1a+/− mice with decreased Cacna1g expression showed partial amelioration of disease phenotypes with improved survival and reduced spontaneous seizure frequency. However, reduced Cacna1g expression did not alter susceptibility to hyperthermia‐induced seizures. Transgenic elevation of Cacna1g expression had no effect on the Scn1a+/− epilepsy phenotype. These results provide support for Cacna1g as a genetic modifier in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome and suggest that Cav3.1 may be a potential molecular target for therapeutic intervention in patients.
Institutional Implications of the Rise of a Debt‐Based Monetary Regime in Europe
Authors: Losada Fernando 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article deals with the institutional implications for the European Union resulting from debt relations. It suggests that despite original efforts to tame them, as a consequence of a series of events both in the international monetary order and the European integration process, power games lying behind debt relations have finally sprouted – with special virulence after the great recession. Although the causes have been brewing for a long time (in this regard the end of the monetary order established at Bretton Woods and the liberalisation of capital movements have been key factors), it is only in the post‐economic crisis context that concrete examples of debt‐based power games are observable in the institutional system. In hindsight, a line can actually be drawn tracing a transformation in the principle underlying EU constitutional law and its institutions: from promoting equality among its Member States to reflecting their (now persistent and increasingly divergent) economic power.
Comparison of aloe vera and omeprazole in the treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome
Authors: Bush J. , van den Boom R. , Franklin S. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundAnecdotally, aloe vera is used to treat gastric ulceration, although no studies have yet investigated its efficacy in horses.ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that aloe vera would be noninferior to omeprazole in the treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome.Study designRandomised, blinded clinical trial.MethodsForty horses with grade ≥2 lesions of the squamous and/or glandular mucosa were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Horses received either aloe vera inner leaf gel (17.6 mg/kg bwt) b.i.d. or omeprazole (4 mg/kg bwt) s.i.d. for approximately 28 days, after which a repeat gastroscopic examination was performed to determine disease resolution. Horses with persistent lesions were offered a further 28 days of treatment with omeprazole (4 mg/kg bwt s.i.d.) and were re‐examined on completion of treatment.ResultsEfficacy analyses were based on 39 horses that completed the trial. Equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) was observed in 38 horses; improvement and healing rates in these horses were 56% and 17%, respectively, in the aloe vera group, and 85% and 75%, respectively, in the omeprazole group. Healing was less likely to occur in horses with prolonged gastric emptying. Equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) was less common thanESGD(n = 14) and numbers were too small to perform meaningful statistical analyses. The hypothesis that aloe vera would be noninferior to omeprazole was not supported.Main limitationsNo placebo control group was included. Limited numbers preclude any comment on the efficacy of aloe vera in the treatment ofEGGD.ConclusionsTreatment with aloe vera was inferior to treatment with omeprazole.
Physical–Mechanical characterization of cosmetic formulations and correlation between instrumental measurements and sensorial properties
Authors: Calixto L. S. , Maia Campos P. M. B. G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe correct choice of raw materials in the development of cosmetic formulations is essential for obtaining stable and pleasant skin care products. Therefore, rheological, texture and sensory analyses are important to understand the behaviour and stability of the formulations. In this context, the aim of this study was to develop cosmetic formulations containing or not (vehicle) UV filters and chicory root extract, to evaluate their stability as well as to characterize their physical and texture properties and correlate them with the sensory attributes.MethodsFour formulations containing organic UV filters and chicory extract, each alone or in combination, were developed and evaluated for 180 days with a cone and plate rheometer, a texture analyzer and consumer's sensorial analysis. Thus, the data obtained were correlated to observe the different influences.ResultsThe developed formulations remained stable after 180 days regarding macroscopic aspects, organoleptic characteristics and pH values. The addition of the UV filters alone and in combination with the active substance resulted in significant increases in rheology properties, viscosity and consistency. The formulation with the active ingredient showed significant decreases in the texture parameters after 180 days, mainly due to its polysaccharide inulin. All formulations obtained high scores in sensorial parameters. A strong correlation was mainly found between spreadability and work of shear, and between the texture parameters.ConclusionThe raw materials strongly influenced the physical, texture and sensorial parameters. Finally, the UV filters showed a greater influence on the results of the formulations than the chicory root extract. In conclusion, the association of the mentioned methods allows the correct choice of ingredients and their combinations.
Prevention of infectious complications after prostate biopsy procedure
Authors: Togo Yoshikazu , Yamamoto Shingo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlthough febrile complications are rarely encountered after a prostate biopsy procedure, in recent years the number of cases of fatal infection after that have increased along with increases in resistant bacteria. The available biopsy approaches are transrectal and transperineal, with the transrectal approach primarily used. As the invasion path of the puncture needle differs between these approaches, pretreatment and the method of administration of preventive antimicrobial drugs should be separately considered for infection prevention. Recently, the Japanese guidelines for perioperative infection prevention in the field of urology were revised after receiving approval from the Japanese Urological Association. With use of the transrectal approach, attempts have been made to selectively administer prophylactic antibiotics by confirming the presence or absence of resistant bacteria in rectal swab culture results before carrying out a prostate biopsy procedure because of potential problems associated with resistant bacteria in rectal flora. For preventive antibiotics, a single dose of oral quinolone is recommended for patients with low risk, whereas daily administrations of piperacillin/tazobactam are recommended for those considered to be high risk. In contrast, for the transperineal procedure, a single dose of oral quinolone is recommended as a preventive antibiotic. With both approaches, it is important to empirically administer broad‐spectrum antimicrobials when occurrence of a febrile infection after a prostate biopsy procedure is confirmed.
Strategic framework improves access to stroke reperfusion across the state of Victoria Australia
Authors: Bray Janet E. , Denisenko Sonia , Campbell Bruce C. V. , Stephenson Michael , Muller Jason , Hocking Grant , Hand Peter J. , Bladin Christopher F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn 2010, rapid access to stroke thrombolysis centres was limited in some regional areas in the Australian state of Victoria. These results, and planning for endovascular clot retrieval (ECR), have led to the implementation of strategies by the Victorian Stroke Clinical Network, the Victorian Stroke Telemedicine Program and local health services to improve state‐wide access.AimsTo examine whether access to stroke reperfusion services (thrombolysis and ECR) in regional Victoria have subsequently improved.MethodsThe locations of suspected stroke patients attended by ambulance in 2015 were mapped, and drive times to the nearest reperfusion services were calculated. We then calculated the proportion of cases with transport times within: (i) 60 min to thrombolysis centres; and (ii) 180 min to two ECR centres designated to receive regional patients. Statistical comparisons to existing 2010 data were made.ResultsIn 2015, Ambulance Victoria attended 16 418 cases of suspected stroke (2.9% of all emergency calls), of whom 4597 (28%) were located in regional Victoria. Compared to 2010, a greater proportion of regional suspected stroke patients in 2015 were located within 60 min of a thrombolysis centre by road (77–95%, P < 0.001). A 3‐h road travel time to the two ECR centres is currently possible for 88% of regional patients.ConclusionA strategic and region‐specific approach has resulted in improved access by road transport to reperfusion therapies for stroke patients across Victoria.
Preparation of ferroelectric barium titanate through an energy effective solid state ultrasound assisted method
Authors: Rotaru Razvan , Peptu Cristian , Samoila Petrisor , Harabagiu Valeria 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBarium titanate submicronic particles were prepared, for the first time, by a solid‐state reaction route, where the classical ball grinding/mixing and drying steps were replaced by ultrasonication and microwave assisted processes, respectively, resulting in significant reduction in both drying duration and temperature of the thermal treatment. The structure of the prepared samples was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray powder diffraction, while the morphology and particle size were followed by means of scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Dielectric properties were evaluated in the frequency range of 106‐10−2 Hz. The obtained results showed that the employed synthesis process leads to well‐defined tetragonal phase BaTiO3 particles with relatively high tetragonality and average particle diameter of around 500 nm. The study on the dielectric behavior reveals that the obtained materials are appropriate for applications as passive electronic elements. The goal of the paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ultrasonic treatment in the preparation of well‐defined perovskite‐like BaTiO3 particles by a solid‐state process.
Implications and alternatives of assigning climate data to geographical centroids
Authors: Park Daniel S. , Davis Charles C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimWhen precise coordinate data for training species distribution models (SDMs) are lacking, climatic variables are often assigned to centroids of geopolitically defined regions, frequently counties. This is problematic because approximations using centroids may not be representative of the regional climate or the locality from where species actually occur, thus leading to spurious conclusions. We evaluated county centroid climate versus simple alternatives for assigning climate to species observations in the absence of precise occurrence data.LocationUnited States of America.MethodsWe assessed the disparity between the actual climate of all points within a county and metrics estimating county climate using the climate of geographical centroid, mean county climate and median county climate. To further evaluate the performance of these metrics, we generated SDMs of four common species using these estimates and compared the results with observed species distributions (red trillium, Pacific trillium, tall thistle and annual fleabane). Finally, we projected future ranges for annual fleabane to examine the difference in predicted range change between models.ResultsMean and median climate metrics were significantly better fits for approximating the climate of specimen records than climate of the geographical centroid. Moreover, county mean climate SDMs were the most similar to SDMs using actual coordinate data. In contrast, models applying climate to county centroid significantly overpredicted species range. This had implications for future projections of annual fleabane SDMs: the county centroid model predicted a decrease in suitable habitats for this species while other models predicted an increase.Main conclusionsCounty centroid climate, although commonly applied, is not suitable for SDMs as a means to approximate species climate when locality data are less precise. When only county level data are available, and more computationally intensive methods of accounting for spatial uncertainty cannot be readily implemented, we suggest considering mean county climate as an alternative.
Sundaland's east–west rain forest population structure: variable manifestations in four polytypic bird species examined using RAD‐Seq and plumage analyses
Authors: Lim Haw Chuan , Gawin Dency F. , Shakya Subir B. , Harvey Michael G. , Rahman Mustafa A. , Sheldon Frederick H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimA current model of rain forest population diversification in Sundaland specifies east–west vicariance into refugia during the early Pleistocene. In some taxa, this division was followed by dispersal and apparent secondary contact on Borneo in the late Pleistocene. To investigate genetic, morphological, spatial and temporal characteristics of the model, we compared genomic population and plumage variation among four bird species with east–west mtDNA and plumage structure.LocationBorneo and western Sundaland (Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula).MethodsWe quantified plumage patterns among populations of two muscicapids (Copsychus saularis and Kittacincla malabarica) and two timaliids (Mixornis gularis and Trichastoma malaccense), and compared them with population genetic patterns determined from (1) SNPs produced by RAD‐Seq and (2) previously sequenced mtDNA.ResultsAll four species exhibit east–west variation in morphological and some genetic characters, but patterns are idiosyncratic. Copsychus saularis’ mtDNA and plumage change gradually across Borneo, but RAD‐Seq comparisons indicate no population structure. In K. malabarica, all three characteristics change abruptly and concurrently on Borneo. In M. gularis, the main east–west break occurs between Borneo and western Sundaland, with marginal mtDNA, plumage and RAD‐Seq structure on Borneo. T. malaccense exhibits two distinct mtDNA and genomic transitions, an early Pleistocene break between western Sundaland and Borneo, and a Pliocene break between the north‐east and the rest of Borneo. Despite this deep genetic division, its plumage changes clinally across Borneo.Main conclusionsMtDNA, plumage and RAD‐Seq patterns may vary depending on such factors as pre‐Pleistocene distribution, habitat requirements and dispersal propensity, differential introgression among the three character types, selection on plumage and phylogenetic relationships.