bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful Application of Novel Organic-Solvent-Mud-Acid Stimulation Approach for Unlocking Productions and Optimising Field Watercut in the Temana Offshore Brownfield
Authors: Wee K.H.T. , Jadid M.B. , Bakar G. , Mohamad W.A.W. , Mainuri Z.M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
One of the key successes in optimising a mature offshore oil producing field with water drive mechanism is to actively unlock additional oil production from reservoirs that have not experienced water breakthrough while maintaining gross production from reservoirs that have started producing water. This can be achieved by drilling more infill wells to create additional oil drainage points; however this is a very capital intensive investment. The other approach is to perform stimulation jobs on existing wells (both idle and producing) as part of production enhancement activities to increase well productivities which are comparatively more cost effective. With the increase in well productivities, these wells can be produced at lower drawdown which can delay water breakthrough.
This paper describes a holistic approach from understanding well inflow productivity problem due to severe downhole asphaltene or wax deposition issues, formulating the right organic-solvent-mud-acid chemical recipe for the well stimulation jobs, selecting the appropriate well candidates, and optimizing offshore stimulation job execution to ensure good chance of success. The stimulation campaign for 3 wells was carried out between Dec 2009 and Jan 2010 and was proven to be very successful. The cost per job was reduced by 30% compared to previous stimulation job, oil production for all wells increased (including a well which is closed in for 10 years), and up to date, water production has not been observed. Finally, a post job detailed technical analysis was conducted to allow a better understanding on the chemical recipe performances for optimization of future stimulation jobs.
Combustion Front Expanding Characteristic and Risk Analysis of THAI Process
Authors: Jinzhong Liang , Wenlong Guan , Yongbin Wu , Bojun Wang , Jihong Huang 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Toe-to-Heel-Air-Injection (THAI™) is an in-situ combustion process that is used for the recovery of bitumen and heavy oil. It combines a horizontal production well with a vertical air injection well placed at the toe. The drainage mechanism of THAI is similar to SAGD of the vertical - horizontal well pattern. However, it is much more difficult to control the THAI process compared with SAGD as gas flow and liquid flow coexist in the horizontal well for THAI. The start-up and the combustion front expanding characteristic of THAI require critical attention, in order to ensure optimal process operation. The temperature profiles and post-mortem pictures of the sandpack during 3-D combustion cell tests performed on Z Block heavy oil are presented in this paper. The processes and the results of 3-D experiments indicate that high temperature ignition, at least 500 degrees C is essential for startup of THAI. Then the combustion front is growing in size and expanding downwards, and the high temperature ensures that the utilization factor oxidation is high. After the combustion front propagates beyond the 'toe' position, the temperature burning zone, deposition of coke around horizontal well, air injection rate and production rate are key factors for stable propagation of the combustion front. Experimental results also indicate that the combustion front will break through along horizontal wellbore in case of high temperature and high oxygen concentration in the horizontal well because of improper regulation of injection and production. After combustion front breakthrough, a considerable bypassed oil area will be left in the reservoir which results in low recovery efficiency. In the same time, the combustion front breakthrough along horizontal well may also lead to damage of the wellbore by means of high temperature oxidation(combustion) which will result in considerable engineering risk. In order to solve this problem supervision and control measures are researched. It can be helpful for successful planning and implementation of the field pilot testing.
Perforating Multiple Sands with Long Interval Separations Pushes the Limit in Completion Efficiency
Authors: Iyengunwena Ricky , Otutu Friday , Yahaya Ibrahim , Ene Emeka , Yorkor Wisdom , Fagbami Debo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The normal perforation practice in the industry is usually to carry outmultiple trips to perforate intervals above 200ft part either by wireline or by Tubing conveyed Perforation. Such Techniques only adds to increased cost and time to the completion time. This also adds some form of inefficiency of the perforation tunnels due to damage of the near wellbore from completion fluids and pressure surges between the two perforation runs. This paper highlights an approach to deploying a single trip multi-zone TCP system. The strategy is based on a multi firing system that allows for selective loading and firing of guns for several intervals without using the continuous gun spacers. This paper described in detail the innovative technique of perforating multiple intervals in a single run. This technique was recently applied successfully in an oil well in Nigeria. The pay-zones were 700ft apart. The initial consideration was to either use the Wireline conveyed perforation technique or using the Tubing conveyed perforation method in multiple runs. These methods would have been costly and time consuming. The paper focused on three major technical contributions to the oil and gas industry. Firstly, it documents successful application of multiple guns in a single run. Secondly, it describes the design considerations involved as well as the calculation required to safely design the multiple gun run in one trip. Thirdly, it identifies a technique of perforating multiple zones without exposing the earlier perforations to risk of formation damage by shooting the entire interval in one go. This technique ensures the objectives of the perforation were safely met and that no matter how far apart pay zonesare, a single run is possible. This achievement saved both cost and time for the company and adding more value to completion efficiency. The key areas of concern when designing the perforating technique were being able to correlate the lower zone at depth with the RA marker 800ft above the lower gun assembly and the combined detonation pressures. Both of these factors were carefully handled by strapping all components thoroughly, using known length of drillpipe pup joints and use of time delay multi firing system respectively. Perforation design is now an integral, customized element of Completion planning; it addresses the efficiency and optimization of the Completion process of a well, with a focus on enhancing Positive Net Present Value of Operators' investment especially at the completion stage, all these done considering the peculiarity of the well. This paper describes a field proven technique deployed to perforate multiple zones in a single trip in hole using drill pipe to space out the different zones. This technique is made possible by utilizing Sequential Multi-Fire system with bottom line of cost savings and efficient operations.
Pre-Heating Circulation Design for Dual Horizontal Well SAGD in the Medium-Deep Extra Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Yang L.Q. , Wang H.Y. , Gao Y.R. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Du 84 block in Liaohe oilfield is an extra heavy oil reservoir, which has a depth of 705 to 708 meters, average pay thickness of 50 to 90 meters, The current oil recovery using Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS) has reached 31%. Two SAGD pilots using dual horizontal wells have been constructed to test the follow-up process as the way to further improve the ultimate recovery factor. To establish the uniform heating along the new drilled horizontal wells in the partial depleted reservoir after CSS, the preheating circulation is applied during the initial stage of the pilot test. The challenge is that returning fluids from the circulation is difficult to lift to the surface due to low pressure in the formation (4–5 MPa). The presence of formation dip, which causes a relatively large projected horizontal separation (4–5 m) between the wells, further increases the difficulties for achieving uniform pre-heating. This paper presents the results from numerical simulation and reservoir engineering analysis. The downhole tubing design and operating parameters for pre-heating dual SAGD wells using circulation are determined for achieving uniform communication along the horizontal sections.
Advancing a comprehensive cancer care agenda for children and their families: Institute of Medicine Workshop highlights and next steps
Authors: Kirch Rebecca , Reaman Gregory , Feudtner Chris , Wiener Lori , Schwartz Lisa A. , Sung Lillian , Wolfe Joanne 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article highlights key findings from the “Comprehensive Cancer Care for Children and Their Families” March 2015 joint workshop by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the American Cancer Society. This initiative convened more than 100 family members, clinician investigators, advocates, and members of the public to discuss emerging evidence and care models and to determine the next steps for optimizing quality‐of‐life outcomes and well‐being for children and families during pediatric cancer treatment, after treatment completion, and across the life spectrum. Participants affirmed the triple aim of pediatric oncology that strives for every child with cancer to be cured; provides high‐quality palliative and psychosocial supportive, restorative, and rehabilitative care to children and families throughout the illness course and survivorship; and assures receipt of high‐quality end‐of‐life care for patients with advancing disease. Workshop outcomes emphasized the need for new pediatric cancer drug development and identified critical opportunities to prioritize palliative care and psychosocial support as an integral part of pediatric cancer research and treatment, including the necessity for adequately resourcing these supportive services to minimize suffering and distress, effectively address quality‐of‐life needs for children and families at all stages of illness, and mitigate the long‐term health risks associated with childhood cancer and its treatment. Next steps include dismantling existing silos and enhancing collaboration between clinical investigators, disease‐directed specialists, and supportive care services; expanding the use of patient‐reported and parent‐reported outcomes; effectively integrating palliative and psychosocial care; and clinical communication skills development. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:398–407. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Management of a Traumatized Open Apex Tooth with a Combination of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Apical Plug and Platelet-rich Fibrin Apical Matrix
Authors: Pawar Ritesh Balasaheb , Margsahayam Sumanthini V 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe absence of a natural apical constriction in permanent tooth makes endodontic treatment a challenge. Traditionally, calcium hydroxide was used for inducing the formation of an apical barrier. Currently, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has shown promising results for apexification procedures. In an open apex, it is imperative to limit the MTA placement within the confines of the root canal for predictable healing. The placement of an internal matrix may limit the extrusion to some extent. Many materials can be used as internal matrix such as collagen membrane, calcium sulphate, hydroxyapatite, freeze dried bone, and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) among others. This case report presents a successful demonstration of the management of an open apex using MTA placed over an internal apical matrix of PRF.How to cite this articlePawar RB, Margsahayam SV, Shenoy VU, Shaikh SAH. Management of a Traumatized Open Apex Tooth with a Combination of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Apical Plug and Platelet-rich Fibrin Apical Matrix. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(1):57-62.
Aerosol–radiation–cloud interactions in a regional coupled model: the effects of convective parameterisation and resolution
Authors: Archer-Nicholls Scott , Lowe Douglas , Schultz David M. , McFiggans Gordon 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) has been used to simulate a region of Brazil heavily influenced by biomass burning. Nested simulations were run at 5 and 1 km horizontal grid spacing for three case studies in September 2012. Simulations were run with and without fire emissions, convective parameterisation on the 5 km domain, and aerosol–radiation interactions in order to explore the differences attributable to the parameterisations and to better understand the aerosol direct effects and cloud responses. Direct aerosol–radiation interactions due to biomass burning aerosol resulted in a net cooling, with an average short-wave direct effect of −4.08 ± 1.53 Wm−2. However, around 21.7 Wm−2 is absorbed by aerosol in the atmospheric column, warming the atmosphere at the aerosol layer height, stabilising the column, inhibiting convection, and reducing cloud cover and precipitation. The changes to clouds due to radiatively absorbing aerosol (traditionally known as the semi-direct effects) increase the net short-wave radiation reaching the surface by reducing cloud cover, producing a secondary warming that counters the direct cooling. However, the magnitude of the semi-direct effect was found to be extremely sensitive to the model resolution and the use of convective parameterisation. Precipitation became organised in isolated convective cells when not using a convective parameterisation on the 5 km domain, reducing both total cloud cover and total precipitation. The SW semi-direct effect varied from 6.06 ± 1.46 with convective parameterisation to 3.61 ± 0.86 Wm−2 without. Convective cells within the 1 km domain are typically smaller but with greater updraft velocity than equivalent cells in the 5 km domain, reducing the proportion of the domain covered by cloud in all scenarios and producing a smaller semi-direct effect. Biomass burning (BB) aerosol particles acted as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), increasing the droplet number concentration of clouds. However, the changes to cloud properties had negligible impact on the net radiative balance in either domain, with or without convective parameterisation. The sensitivity to the uncertainties relating to the semi-direct effect was greater than any other observable indirect effects. Although the version of WRF-Chem distributed to the community currently lacks aerosol–cloud interactions in parameterised clouds, the results of this study suggest a greater priority for the development is to improve the modelling of semi-direct effects by reducing the uncertainties relating to the use of convective parameterisation and resolution before WRF-Chem can reliably quantify the regional impacts of aerosols.
Wereldbeelden en weerbaarheid van Turks-Nederlandse jongeren
Authors: Geelhoed F. , Staring R.H.J.M. 
Published: May 2016

World views and resilience of Turkish-Dutch youngsters. The two faces of a strong internal orientation
Many of the common academic explanations for radicalization and extremism are present among Turkish-Dutch youngsters. Based on qualitative research among 150 youngsters with a Turkish background, the authors describe how these youngsters are catching up with their disadvantaged socioeconomic position in the areas of education and labor. These Muslim youngsters feel that they and Islam are increasingly met with distrust and exclusion in mainstream society. In the sociocultural domain of incorporation, Turkish-Dutch youngsters are very diverse, but within this diversity focussed on their own ethnic group. Although these characteristics as deprivation, exclusion and strong internal orientation are commonly used as risks for radicalization, these Turkish-Dutch youngsters seem not to be attracted to Islamic radicalism nor extremism. The authors explain this through the opportunities for political participation within their communities and the specific Turkish secular Islam that offers room for a more individualized religious interpretation. In addition the strong internal focus of these youngsters and the solidity of the Turkish communities create strain between different Turkish religious or political groups, but also offer them a very strong, positive identity and feelings of belonging.
Arbejderen mellem praksis og ideologisering 1850-2000
Authors: Nielsen Niels Jul 
Published: May 2016

The worker between practice and ideology: 1850–2000 Labour culture and the labour movement have previously been prominent fields of research. On the one hand, this had to do with the profound societal influence of the labour movement; on the other hand, it had to do with the fact that many scholars regarded a self-conscious labour class as a means to balance capitalism’s negative aspects, if not simply to overcome them. Based upon this background, the author argues that the common worker has hitherto not been satisfactorily understood as a subject of cultural history. Using detailed investigations amongst workers on the workshop floor at Denmark’s largest enterprise in the period from 1850 to 2000, the author emphasises how complex and diverse the everyday working life of industrialism actually was – and hence, also the relations between workers as well as employers and society as a whole. This bottom-up analysis is linked to a top-down perspective; here, the author argues that, as seen from the overall perspective of the state, the labour population – with varying intensity – played a very strong strategic role from around 1870 to 1990. Simply stated, consideration for the well-being of the labour population was understood as a precondition for societal cohesion. In theoretical terms, the author draws upon the structural state-form and life-mode analysis, where the idea of a ‘wage-earner’ life-mode is understood in its reciprocal relationship to the capitalist mode of production and, hence, not as a potential means to overcome capitalism. With this background, the labour movement’s alleged objective to overcome capitalism – whether through revolution or long-term reforms – is instead analysed as an effectual means in the movement’s struggles. The argument is as follows: the threat of societal transformation, which occurred over a number of decades – not least of all during the Cold War’s polarisation of capitalism and communism – led to significant attention being paid to workers’ claims of improving life conditions. Accordingly, the changed world order that followed the end of the Cold War is seen as a main reason for why concepts such as ‘worker’ or ‘labourer’ are infrequently used today, and for why the labour movement has experienced a severe debilitation in recent years.
I vælten: kulturanalysens nye hverdag
Authors: Petersen Morten Krogh , Munk Anders Kristian 
Published: May 2016

In vogue: the new everyday of cultural analysis Based on two examples from user-driven innovation projects, we discuss what it means to undertake cultural analysis when the task is to change practices of everyday life. Whether it is about new garbage bins or new bathrooms, the examples enable us to demonstrate how and why companies and public-sector institutions are increasingly inviting cultural analysts to contribute to their work. At the same time, the examples allow us to illustrate some of the difficulties that cultural analysts experience when they – in the name of change – begin to scrutinise and ‘stir up’ the practices of everyday life; for instance, by studying how citizens with disabilities handle garbage and personal hygiene. What happens, we ask, when cultural analysis is called upon to inform the ways in which such complex practices might change? Through our two examples, we show how the difficulty relates to balancing a desire for change with a respect for the durable structures and fundamental differences of everyday life. One of the main objectives of cultural analysis is to identify and describe such structures and differences, and then to bring our insights to the attention of various stakeholders. As a result, cultural analysis – often via ethnographic fieldwork – brings citizens and users into being. This cannot always be fitted into the predefined range of possibilities that many change-oriented projects – consciously or unconsciously – operate within.
Bias correction of precipitation through Singularity Stochastic Removal: Because occurrences matter
Authors: Vrac Mathieu , Noël Thomas , Vautard Robert 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study focuses on how the treatment of the rainfall occurrences in bias correction (BC) contexts may affect the resulting precipitation, both in terms of occurrence and intensity. Three methodologies are compared—the “direct approach” (DA), the “Threshold Adaptation” approach (TA), and the “Positive Approach” (Pos)—as well as a method called “Singularity Stochastic Removal” (SSR) specifically developed for precipitation, all based on the same adjustment technique. Unlike the three other models, SSR allows dealing in the same way with the situations where the precipitation model has too many wet days or not with respect to the reference data. SSR also avoids separating the correction of the occurrence from that of the intensity, which constitutes a flexible tool. First, the four approaches are applied to a historical regional climate model precipitation run. Evaluations are realized through occurrence‐ and intensity‐related criteria. Although SSR, DA, and Pos may be close to each other depending on the criterion, in general, SSR provides the best results when all criteria are accounted for. This is even more true when the classical assumption that “the model precipitation had too many wet days” does not hold. The BC methods are also intercompared over the 2071–2100 period. The different BC methods are in agreement with previous studies, with relatively equivalent evolutions from 1976–2005 to 2071–2100, although nuances are present from one BC method to another. As a global conclusion, the SSR method for precipitation is a good compromise to correct both occurrences and intensities.