bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of Oral Dofetilide Reloading for Treatment of Atrial Arrhythmias
Authors: Cho Jae Hyung , Youn So Jin , Moore JoEllyn C. , Kyriakakis Roxanne , Vekstein Carolyn , Militello Michael , Poe Stacy M. , Wolski Kathy , Tchou Patrick J. , Varma Niraj , Niebauer Mark J. , Bhargava Mandeep , Saliba Walid I. , Wazni Oussama M. , Lindsay Bruce D. , Wilkoff Bruce L. , Chung Mina K. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Although dofetilide labeling states that the drug must be initiated or reinitiated with continuous electrocardiographic monitoring and in the presence of trained personnel, the risks of dofetilide reloading justifying repeat hospitalization have not been investigated.

Methods and Results:

Patients admitted for dofetilide reloading for atrial arrhythmias were retrospectively reviewed. The need for dose adjustment and the incidence of torsades de pointes (TdP) were identified. The incidence of TdP in dofetilide reloading was compared with patients admitted for dofetilide initial loading. Of 138 patients admitted for dofetilide reloading for atrial arrhythmias, 102 were reloaded at a previously tolerated dose, 30 with a higher dose from a previously tolerated dose and 2 at a lower dose; prior dosage was unknown in 4 patients. Dose adjustment or discontinuation was required in 44 patients (31.9%). No TdP occurred in the same dose reloading group, but TdP occurred in 2 patients admitted to increase dofetilide dosage (0% versus 6.7%;
P
=0.050). Dofetilide dose adjustment or discontinuation was required in 30 of 102 patients (29.4%) reloaded at a previously tolerated dose and in 11 of 30 patients (36.7%) admitted for an increase in dose.

Conclusions:
Although no TdP occurred in patients admitted to reload dofetilide at the same dose as previously tolerated, dosage adjustments or discontinuation was frequent and support the need for hospitalization for dofetilide reloading. Patients admitted for reloading with a higher dose tended to be at higher risk for TdP than patients reloaded at a prior tolerated dose.
Multiple Time Scale Variability of the Sea Surface Salinity Dipole Mode in the Tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Zhang Yuhong , Du Yan , Feng Ming 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this study, multiple time scale variability of the salinity dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean (S-IOD) is revealed based on the 57-yr Ocean Reanalysis System 4 (ORAS4) sea surface salinity (SSS) reanalysis product and associated observations. On the interannual time scale, S-IOD is highly correlated with strong Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and ENSO variability, with ocean advection forced by wind anomalies along the equator and precipitation anomalies in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (IO) dominating the SSS variations in the northern and southern poles of the S-IOD, respectively. S-IOD variability is also associated with the decadal modulation of the Indo-Pacific Walker circulation, with a stronger signature at its southern pole. Decadal variations of the equatorial IO winds and precipitations in the central IO force zonal ocean advection anomalies that contribute to the SSS variability in the northern pole of S-IOD on the decadal time scale. Meanwhile, oceanic dynamics dominates the SSS variability in the southern pole of S-IOD off Western Australia. Anomalous ocean advection transports the fresher water from low latitudes to the region off Western Australia, with additional contributions from the Indonesian Throughflow. Furthermore, the southern pole of S-IOD is associated with the thermocline variability originated from the tropical northwestern Pacific through the waveguide in the Indonesian Seas, forced by decadal Pacific climate variability. A deepening (shoaling) thermocline strengthens (weakens) the southward advection of surface freshwater into the southern pole of S-IOD and contributes to the high (low) SSS signatures off Western Australia.
Impacts of the Soil Water Transfer Parameterization on the Simulation of Evapotranspiration over a 14-Year Mediterranean Crop Succession
Authors: Garrigues S. , Boone A. , Decharme B. , Olioso A. , Albergel C. , Calvet J.-C. , Moulin S. , Buis S. , Martin E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a comparison of two water transfer schemes implemented in land surface models: a three-layer bulk reservoir model based on the force–restore scheme (FR) and a multilayer soil diffusion scheme (DIF) relying on explicit mass-diffusive equations and a root profile. The performances of each model at simulating evapotranspiration (ET) over a 14-yr Mediterranean crop succession are compared when the standard pedotransfer estimates versus the in situ values of the soil parameters are used. The Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere (ISBA) generic land surface model is employed. When the pedotransfer estimates of the soil parameters are used, the best performance scores are obtained with DIF. DIF provides more accurate simulations of soil evaporation and gravitational drainage. It is less sensitive to errors in the soil parameters compared to FR, which is strongly driven by the soil moisture at field capacity. When the in situ soil parameters are used, the performance of the FR simulations surpasses those of DIF. The use of the proper maximum available water content for the plant removes the bias in ET and soil moisture over the crop cycle with FR, while soil water stress is simulated too early and the transpiration is underestimated with DIF. Increasing the values of the root extinction coefficient and the proportion of homogeneous root distribution slightly improves the DIF performance scores. Spatiotemporal uncertainties in the soil parameters generate smaller uncertainties in ET simulated with DIF compared to FR, which highlights the robustness of DIF for large-scale applications.
Unions Opposing Labor Precarity in Chile: Union Leaders’ Perceptions and Representations of Collective Action
Authors: Julián Dasten 
Published: October 2017

The systematic deregulation of labor relations was a cornerstone of the imposition of the neoliberal model in Chile. This process had a significant impact on both the strategies and the structure of unionism. A study of the perceptions and representations of precarious work of union leaders contributes to a discussion of the relationship between precarity and repertoires of collective action in workers’ pursuit of regulation, institutionalization, social improvement, and well-being in employment relations. La desregulación sistemática de las relaciones laborales fue la piedra angular de la imposición del modelo neoliberal en Chile. Este proceso tuvo un impacto significativo tanto en las estrategias como en la estructura del sindicalismo. En este trabajo se presentará un estudio de las percepciones y representaciones del trabajo precario de los dirigentes sindicales. Los resultados contribuyen a una discusión de la relación entre la precariedad y los repertorios de acción colectiva en la búsqueda de la regulación, la institucionalización, la mejora social y el bienestar de los trabajadores en las relaciones laborales.
Why doctors consider leaving UK medicine: qualitative analysis of comments from questionnaire surveys three years after graduation
Authors: Lambert Trevor W , Smith Fay , Goldacre Michael J 
Published: October 2017

Objective To report the reasons why doctors are considering leaving medicine or the UK. Design Questionnaire survey. Setting UK. Participants Questionnaires were sent three years after graduation to all UK medical graduates of 2008 and 2012. Main outcome measures Comments from doctors about their main reasons for considering leaving medicine or the UK (or both). Results The response rate was 46.2% (5291/11,461). Among the 60% of respondents who were not definitely intent on remaining in UK medicine, 50% were considering working in medicine outside the UK and 10% were considering leaving medicine. Among those considering working in medicine outside the UK, the most commonly cited reasons were to gain wider experience, that things would be ‘better’ elsewhere and a negative view of the National Health Service and its culture, state and politics. Other reasons included better training or job opportunities, better pay and conditions, family reasons and higher expectations. Three years after graduation, doctors surveyed in 2015 were significantly more likely than doctors surveyed in 2011 to cite factors related to the National Health Service, to pay and conditions, to their expectations and to effects on work–life balance and patient care. Among those considering leaving medicine, the dominant reason for leaving medicine was a negative view of the National Health Service (mentioned by half of those in this group who commented). Three years after graduation, doctors surveyed in 2015 were more likely than doctors surveyed in 2011 to cite this reason, as well as excessive hours and workload, and financial reasons. Conclusions An increasingly negative view is held by many doctors of many aspects of the experience of being a junior doctor in the National Health Service, and the difficulty of delivering high-quality patient care within what many see as an under-funded system. Policy changes designed to encourage more doctors to remain should be motivated by a desire to address these concerns by introducing real improvements to resources, staffing and working conditions.
Experimental analysis of the V-Charge variable drive supercharger system on a 1.0 L GTDI engine
Authors: Hu Bo , Akehurst Sam , Lewis Andrew GJ , Lu Pengfei , Millwood Darren , Copeland Colin , Chappell Edward , De Freitas Andrew , Shawe James , Burtt Dave 
Published: October 2017

A compound charging system that pairs a turbocharger with a supercharger seems to be a potential trend for future passenger car gasoline engines, as the strength of both could be enhanced and the deficiencies of each could be offset. The use of a fixed-ratio positive-displacement supercharger system on a downsized turbocharged gasoline engine has already appeared on the market. Although such systems can achieve enhanced low-end torque and improved transient response, several challenges still exist. An alternative solution to the fixed-ratio positive-displacement supercharger is the V-Charge variable ratio centrifugal supercharger. This technology utilizes a Torotrak continuously variable transmission (CVT) coupled to a centrifugal compressor for near silent boosting. With a wide ratio spread of 10:1 and rapid rate of ratio change, the compressor speed can be set independently of the engine speed to provide an exact boost pressure for the required operating points, without the need to recirculate the air through a bypass valve. A clutch and an active bypass valve can also be eliminated, due to the CVT capability to down-speed, thus improving the noise vibration and harshness performance. This paper will, for the first time, present and discuss the V-Charge technology optimization and experimental validation on a 1.0 L GTDI engine to achieve a better brake specific fuel consumption and transient response over the turbo-only and the fixed-ratio positive-displacement supercharger solution. The potential for the V-Charge system to increase the low-end torque and enable a down-speeding strategy is also discussed.
What is the clinical significance of chronic emptiness in borderline personality disorder?
Authors: Elsner Daniel , Broadbear Jillian H , Rao Sathya 
Published: October 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to review the clinical significance of the experience of chronic emptiness in borderline personality disorder (BPD). Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted using MEDLINE and PubMed, employing search terms including ‘emptiness’, ‘personality disorder’ and ‘borderline personality disorder’. The most relevant English-language articles and books were selected for this review. Results: Published literature and clinical experience suggest that chronic emptiness represents a substantial component of the symptom burden experienced by people with BPD, contributes to functional impairment and may distinguish BPD from other disorders such as major depressive disorder. Conclusions: Further research will elucidate the significance of chronic emptiness with regard to diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of BPD.
Hybrid Fixation for Ankle Fusion in Diabetic Charcot Arthropathy
Authors: El-Mowafi Hani , Abulsaad Mazen , Kandil Yasser , El-Hawary Ahmed , Ali Samer 
Published: October 2017

Background: Ankle fusion is difficult to achieve in the diabetic Charcot ankle Brodsky type 3a because of the poor quality of the bone and the inability to achieve a stable biomechanical construct. The aim of this study was to report the outcome of ankle fusion using a combination of an intramedullary nail and a circular external fixator in patients with diabetic Charcot arthropathy. Methods: We prospectively studied 24 patients with diabetic Charcot arthropathy of the ankle who were treated by fusion of the tibiotalar joint using a combined retrograde intramedullary nail and Ilizarov external fixator. Their mean age was 50.7 ± 6.9 (range, 43-62) years. The mean follow-up after surgery was 36.4 ± 5.8 (range, 24-98) months. Results: Twenty-two patients (92%) achieved clinical and radiographic solid bony fusion. No patients in this series needed amputation. All the patients were pain free, and the mean American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Score (AOFAS) improved significantly from 34.6 ± 6.8 to 66.4 ± 4.5 at the last follow-up. Two patients developed an ulcer over the heel due to a prominent nail. The ulcer healed after nail removal. Eight patients developed pin tract infection. Conclusion: We report a successful outcomes of ankle fusions using combined intramedullary nail locked only proximally and ring external fixator (hybrid fixation) in patients with diabetic Charcot arthropathy. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Epidural analgesia in a paediatric teaching hospital: Trends, developments, and a brief review of literature
Authors: Wong Jolin , Lim Serene Siu Tin 
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Continuous epidural analgesia has proven to be a good tool in the anaesthetist’s quest to provide excellent pain relief for an extended perioperative period. Pharmaceutical advances provide us with a larger array of both local anaesthetic (LA) drugs and additives that can prolong the duration or enhance the quality of analgesia, or both. The avoidance of LA toxicity is of paramount importance for safe prescription, especially in the high-risk neonatal and infant cohort, and all patients stand to benefit from ‘safer’ LA agents and adjuvants that promote the use of a lowered concentration of epidural LA infusions. We present a descriptive review of trends in epidural prescription and technique in our hospital. Methods: Our observational study was conducted over a period of 19 years in a tertiary paediatric teaching hospital. Prospectively collected data that included patient demographics, level of epidural catheter insertion, LA drugs and adjuvants used, as well as postoperative infusion rates, were then analysed retrospectively. Results: There was a decline in the use of paediatric epidural analgesia. Over the study period, we also observed a shift in preference of LAs and adjuvant drugs toward safer alternatives. Conclusion: Paediatric epidural analgesia is gradually being superseded by other analgesic modalities with superior safety profiles (e.g. peripheral neural blockade). However, indications remain for its continued use, and anaesthetists should be familiar with its technical aspects and pitfalls.
Frontline brentuximab vedotin in combination with dacarbazine or bendamustine in patients aged ≥60 years with HL
Authors: Friedberg Jonathan W. , Forero-Torres Andres , Bordoni Rodolfo E. , Cline Vivian J. M. , Patel Donnelly Dipti , Flynn Patrick J. , Olsen Gregg , Chen Robert , Fong Abraham , Wang Yinghui , Yasenchak Christopher A. 
Published: October 2017

Key Points
BV plus DTIC is an active and well-tolerated combination for patients aged ≥60 years with HL. Although highly active at the doses evaluated, BV plus bendamustine has unacceptable toxicity in patients aged ≥60 years with HL.
Fertility differential of women in Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2014
Authors: Roy Shongkour , Hossain Sharif Mohammed Ismail 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to examine the fertility differential of women age 15 to 49 using data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014- a survey of women who were born from 1963 to 1999.

Methods
The secondary data analysis was carried out using the BDHS 2014 in order to discuss differences in childbearing practices in Bangladesh. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data including education level, geographic location, and religion. A trend test used to assess the inferences.

Results
On average, women had 2.3 children in the BDHS 2014; more than 90% of them gave birth to at least one child by age 49 and the average age of first birth was 18 years. Fertility of women strongly differed by education (p < 0.001). The percentage of women with secondary education who had no child was 50.3% and never attended school 8.4%;those with secondary education were six times as likely as those who never attended school to have no child and this pattern was stronger among urban compared with rural women.

Conclusions
Fertility differential becomes robust as education increases. Women’s fertility is also related to religion and residence, but these factors were not strongly related as those educational attainments.
Topical antimicrobial agents for pediatric burns
Authors: Cartotto Robert 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
While topical antimicrobial agents are indicated for most if not all burn wounds, the choice of a topical agent must consider many factors such as the wound depth, anticipated time to healing, need for surgical intervention, and the known cytotoxicity of the agent. Especially relevant to the pediatric burn patient are the antimicrobial agent’s properties related to causing pain or irritation and the required frequency of application and dressings. This article will discuss the general principles surrounding the use of topical antimicrobials on burn wounds and will review the most common agents currently in use.
Factors That Contributed to Black-White Disparities in Survival Among Nonelderly Women With Breast Cancer Between 2004 and 2013
Authors: Jemal Ahmedin , Robbins Anthony S. , Lin Chun Chieh , Flanders W. Dana , DeSantis Carol E. , Ward Elizabeth M. , Freedman Rachel A. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeTo estimate the contribution of differences in demographics, comorbidity, insurance, tumor characteristics, and treatment to the overall mortality disparity between nonelderly black and white women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer.Patients and MethodsExcess relative risk of all-cause death in black versus white women diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer, expressed as a percentage and stratified by hormone receptor status for each variable (demographics, comorbidity, insurance, tumor characteristics, and treatment) in sequentially, propensity-scored, optimally matched patients by using multivariable hazard ratios (HRs).ResultsWe identified 563,497 white and black women 18 to 64 years of age diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer from 2004 to 2013 in the National Cancer Data Base. Among women with hormone receptor–positive disease, who represented 78.5% of all patients, the HR for death in black versus white women in the demographics-matched model was 2.05 (95% CI, 1.94 to 2.17). The HR decreased to 1.93 (95% CI, 1.83 to 2.04), 1.54 (95% CI, 1.47 to 1.62), 1.30 (95% CI, 1.24 to 1.36), and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.31) when sequentially matched for comorbidity, insurance, tumor characteristics, and treatment, respectively. These factors combined accounted for 76.3% of the total excess risk of death in black patients; insurance accounted for 37.0% of the total excess, followed by tumor characteristics (23.2%), comorbidities (11.3%), and treatment (4.8%). Results generally were similar among women with hormone receptor–negative disease, although the HRs were substantially smaller.ConclusionMatching by insurance explained one third of the excess risk of death among nonelderly black versus white women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer; matching by tumor characteristics explained approximately one fifth of the excess risk. Efforts to focus on equalization of access to care could substantially reduce ethnic/racial disparities in overall survival among nonelderly women diagnosed with breast cancer.
Role of Bone-Modifying Agents in Metastatic Breast Cancer: An American Society of Clinical Oncology–Cancer Care Ontario Focused Guideline Update
Authors: Van Poznak Catherine , Somerfield Mark R. , Barlow William E. , Biermann J. Sybil , Bosserman Linda D. , Clemons Mark J. , Dhesy-Thind Sukhbinder K. , Dillmon Melissa S. , Eisen Andrea , Frank Elizabeth S. , Jagsi Reshma , Jimenez Rachel , Theriault Richard L. , Vandenberg Theodore A. , Yee Gary C. , Moy Beverly 
Published: October 2017

Purpose To update, in collaboration with Cancer Care Ontario (CCO), key recommendations of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guideline on the role of bone-modifying agents (BMAs) in metastatic breast cancer. This focused update addressed the new data on intervals between dosing and the role of BMAs in control of bone pain. Methods A joint ASCO-CCO Update Committee conducted targeted systematic literature reviews to identify relevant studies. Results The Update Committee reviewed three phase III noninferiority trials of dosing intervals, one systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of de-escalation of BMAs, and two randomized trials of BMAs in control of pain secondary to bone metastases. Recommendations Patients with breast cancer who have evidence of bone metastases should be treated with BMAs. Options include denosumab, 120 mg subcutaneously, every 4 weeks; pamidronate, 90 mg intravenously, every 3 to 4 weeks; or zoledronic acid, 4 mg intravenously every 12 weeks or every 3 to 4 weeks. The analgesic effects of BMAs are modest, and they should not be used alone for bone pain. The Update Committee recommends that the current standard of care for supportive care and pain management—analgesia, adjunct therapies, radiotherapy, surgery, systemic anticancer therapy, and referral to supportive care and pain management—be applied. Evidence is insufficient to support the use of one BMA over another. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines and www.asco.org/guidelineswiki .
Synthesis and Structural Features of a Lithium Borate Derived from 2,2-Dipropylglycolic Acid
Authors: Oishi Masataka , Kajiwara Meisetsu 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this work, the synthesis and solid-state structure of a lithium borate with 2,2-dipropylglycolato (GlyPr2) ligand has been described. The desired lithium borate as well as previously reported borates with methyllactato (ML) and mandelate (Man) ligands could be synthesized rapidly and cleanly by using LiBH4 as a reagent in THF. The solid-state structures of the THF- and glyme-solvates of LiB(GlyPr2)2 (3 and 4) were determined by XRD analysis. Both these structures, except DME-solvate 4a, have one dimensional aggregate (AGG) form (1D-chain) that contains a µ2-borate fragment. In contrast, the THF-solvates with other borates derived from MLH2 and (S)-ManH2 (1 and 2) are less soluble in THF and have tighter AGG (2D-layer) with the µ3-borate fragment in the solid state.