bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implicit Peer Triplets in Gradient-Based Solution Algorithms for ODE Constrained Optimal Control
Authors: Lang Jens , Schmitt Bernhard A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt is common practice to apply gradient-based optimization algorithms to numerically solve large-scale ODE constrained optimal control problems. Gradients of the objective function are most efficiently computed by approximate adjoint variables. High accuracy with moderate computing time can be achieved by such time integration methods that satisfy a sufficiently large number of adjoint order conditions and supply gradients with higher orders of consistency. In this paper, we upgrade our former implicit two-step Peer triplets constructed in [Algorithms, 15:310, 2022] to meet those new requirements. Since Peer methods use several stages of the same high stage order, a decisive advantage is their lack of order reduction as for semi-discretized PDE problems with boundary control. Additional order conditions for the control and certain positivity requirements now intensify the demands on the Peer triplet. We discuss the construction of 4-stage methods with order pairs (3, 3) and (4, 3) in detail and provide three Peer triplets of practical interest. We prove convergence of order $$s-1$$

s
-
1

, at least, for s-stage methods if state, adjoint and control satisfy the corresponding order conditions. Numerical tests show the expected order of convergence for the new Peer triplets.
Return to work in younger patients with brain metastases who survived for 2 years or more
Authors: Nieder Carsten , Aanes Siv Gyda , Stanisavljevic Luka , Mannsåker Bård , Haukland Ellinor Christin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The study’s purpose was to analyze return to work and other long-term outcomes in younger patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases, treated before they reached legal retirement age, i.e. younger than 65 years.

Methods
We included patients who survived greater than 2 years after their first treatment, regardless of approach (systemic therapy, neurosurgical resection, whole-brain or stereotactic radiotherapy). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who worked 2 years after their initial treatment for brain metastases. Outcomes beyond the 2-year cut-off were also abstracted from comprehensive electronic health records, throughout the follow-up period.

Results
Of 455 patients who received active therapy for brain metastases, 62 (14%) survived for > 2 years. Twenty-eight were younger than 65 years. The actuarial median survival was 81 months and the 5-year survival rate 53%. For patients alive after 5 years, the 10-year survival rate was 54%. At diagnosis, 25% of patients (7 of 28) were permanently incapacitated for work/retired. Of the remaining 21 patients, 33% did work 2 years later. However, several of these patients went on to receive disability pension afterwards. Eventually, 19% continued working in the longer run. Younger age, absence of extracranial metastases, presence of a single brain metastasis, and Karnofsky performance status 90–100 were common features of patients who worked after 2 years.

Conclusion
Long-term survival was achieved after vastly different therapeutic approaches, regarding both upfront and sequential management. Many patients required three or more lines of brain-directed treatment. Few patients continued working in the longer run.
The exponential HEAVY model: an improved approach to volatility modeling and forecasting
Authors: Xu Yongdeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes an Exponential HEAVY (EHEAVY) model, which specifies the dynamics of returns and realized measures of volatility in an exponential form. The model ensures positivity of volatility and allows for asymmetric effects without restrictions on parameters, hence is more flexible. A joint quasi-maximum likelihood estimation and closed-form multi-step ahead forecasting is derived. The EHEAVY model is applied to 31 assets from the Oxford-Man Institute’s realized library, and the empirical results demonstrate that return volatility dynamics are driven by the realized measure, while the asymmetric effect is captured by the return shock. The out-of-sample forecast results show that the EHEAVY model has superior forecasting performance compared the HEAVY, AHEAVY, and realized EGARCH models. The portfolio exercise further confirms the superior economic value of the EHEAVY model, as measured by the certain equivalent return and expected utility.
Een pre-transplantatie predictiemodel voor transplantaatoverleving bij Nederlandse kinderniertransplantaties
Authors: Oomen Loes , de Jong Huib , Bouts Antonia H. M. , Keijzer-Veen Mandy G. , Cornelissen Elisabeth A. M. , de Wall Liesbeth L. , Feitz Wout F. J. , Bootsma-Robroeks Charlotte M. H. H. T. 
Published: October 2024

Samenvatting

Achtergrond
Een predictiemodel voor transplantaatoverleving, rekening houdend met kenmerken van donor en ontvanger, kan de klinische besluitvorming verbeteren. Het doel van dit onderzoek is het ontwikkelen van een predictiemodel voor kinderen op basis van pretransplantatieparameters.

Methoden
De data waren afkomstig van de Nederlandse Orgaantransplantatie Registratie (NOTR). Met logistische regressieanalyse, gecorrigeerd voor transplantatieperiode en posttransplantatietijd, werd een predictiemodel ontwikkeld. Voor interne validatie werden een derivatie (80%) en validatiecohort (20%) gedefinieerd. Modelkwaliteit werd gemeten met de area under the curve (AUC) van de receiver operating characteristic curve, de Hosmer-Lemeshow-toets en kalibratieplots.

Resultaten
Tussen 1966–2021 vonden 1428 niertransplantaties plaats. De tienjaarsoverleving steeg van 42% (vóór 1990) naar 92%. Het model omvatte 71.829 observaties van 554 niertransplantaties (1990–2021), met variabelen zoals leeftijd, retransplantatie, human leucocyte antigen mismatches en primaire nierziekte. AUC-waarden van 0,89; 0,79; 0,76 en 0,74 na een, vijf, tien en twintig jaar (p < 0,01) duiden op een groot voorspellend vermogen.

Conclusies
Dit pretransplantatie predictiemodel voorspelt nauwkeurig de niertransplantaatoverleving bij kinderen in Nederland.
To What Extent Are College Students’ Delay Discounting and Systematic Responding Rates Related to Time of Semester?
Authors: Baca-Zeff Sierra , Rodriguez Luis R. , Lee Yaeeun , Robertson Stephen H. , Rasmussen Erin B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResearchers who use undergraduate participants may be concerned about variation in data quality at different times of the semester. For instance, students who are more self-controlled may get their course credit earlier in the semester whereas those who procrastinate may wait until the end. Therefore, a potential time-of-semester effect may influence research data. This study sought to examine the relation between time of semester and delay discounting (DD)—a process that refers to an individual’s sensitivity to delayed rewards. DD may also directly relate to the decision to participate in research. Undergraduate participants completed money (n = 149) and food (n = 150) DD measures. Patterns in DD were examined across the semester. The number of systematic responders (i.e., those that follow a hyperbolic discounting curve) was also examined to determine the extent to which inattentive or random responding might be related to time of semester. Regression analyses revealed that money DD was consistent and stable across the semester. Food DD, controlling for subjective hunger as a co-variate increased slightly, though significantly, at the end of the semester. The percentage of participants with systematic discounting remained high throughout the semester for money and food DD, however, food DD had more variability, particularly towards the middle of the semester. Therefore, for college students, monetary DD is consistent across time of semester, but food DD slightly increases as the semester ends.
LightDPH: Lightweight Dual-Projection-Head Hierarchical Contrastive Learning for Skin Lesion Classification
Authors: Hsu Benny Wei-Yun , Tseng Vincent S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEffective skin cancer detection is crucial for early intervention and improved treatment outcomes. Previous studies have primarily focused on enhancing the performance of skin lesion classification models. However, there is a growing need to consider the practical requirements of real-world scenarios, such as portable applications that require lightweight models embedded in devices. Therefore, this study aims to propose a novel method that can address the major-type misclassification problem with a lightweight model. This study proposes an innovative Lightweight Dual Projection-Head Hierarchical contrastive learning (LightDPH) method. We introduce a dual projection-head mechanism to a contrastive learning framework. This mechanism is utilized to train a model with our proposed multi-level contrastive loss (MultiCon Loss), which can effectively learn hierarchical information from samples. Meanwhile, we present a distance-based weight (DBW) function to adjust losses based on hierarchical levels. This unique combination of MultiCon Loss and DBW function in LightDPH tackles the problem of major-type misclassification with lightweight models and enhances the model’s sensitivity in skin lesion classification. The experimental results demonstrate that LightDPH significantly reduces the number of parameters by 52.6% and computational complexity by 29.9% in GFLOPs while maintaining high classification performance comparable to state-of-the-art methods. This study also presented a novel evaluation metric, model efficiency score (MES), to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of models with scaling and classification performance. The proposed LightDPH effectively mitigates major-type misclassification and works in a resource-efficient manner, making it highly suitable for clinical applications in resource-constrained environments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that develops an effective lightweight hierarchical classification model for skin lesion detection.
Preliminary Trajectory Design for Mitigating Debris Utilizing Solar Sailing and Conventional Propulsion
Authors: Kim Kiduck 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, preliminary trajectory design for debris removal in low Earth orbit using solar sails is explored. Emphasis is placed on regions below 1000 km altitude, where the debris population is rapidly growing. The aim is to propose a mission concept capable of repetitively executing removal processes. The trajectory is intricately crafted, segmented into rendezvous, proximity operations, and deorbiting phases. Safety is prioritized by leveraging walking safety ellipses during proximity operations, ensuring efficient capture of targeted debris. Additionally, the feasibility and limitations of the mission concept are assessed through numerical simulations based on characteristic acceleration, a pivotal performance index of solar sails.
Integrating Bioinformatics and Experimental Validation to Identify Mitochondrial Permeability Transition-Driven Necrosis-Related lncRNAs that can Serve as Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Ting , Li Haojia , Zhang Qi , Cheng Shuangshuang , Zhang Qian , Yao Yuwei , Dong Kejun , Xu Zheng , Shu Wan , Zhang Jun , Wang Hongbo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a common malignant tumor in women with high mortality and relapse rates. Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis is a novel form of programmed cell death. The MPT-driven necrosis related lncRNAs (MRLs) involved in EC development remain unclear. We aimed to predict the outcomes of patients with EC by constructing a novel prognostic model based on MRLs and explore potential molecular functions. A risk prognostic model was developed utilizing multi-Cox regression in conjunction with the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression algorithm, which was based on MRLs. The predictive efficacy of the model was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, as well as nomogram and concordance index (C-index) assessments. Patients were categorized into high- and low-risk groups based on their median risk scores. Notably, the high-risk group exhibited significantly poorer overall survival (OS) outcomes. Gene ontology (GO) and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that Hedgehog and cell cycle pathways were enriched in the high-risk group. Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) displayed that patients in the high-risk group showed a high likelihood of immune evasion and less effective immunotherapy. A significant disparity in immune function was also observed between two groups. Based on the nine-MRLs, drug sensitivity analysis identified several anticancer drugs with potential efficacy in prognosis. Meanwhile, the results demonstrated that OGFRP1 plays a carcinogenic role by affecting mitochondrial membrane permeability in EC. Therefore, the risk model constructed by nine MRLs could be used to predict the clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses in patients with EC effectively.
Segmental range-of-motion by vertebral level in fused and unfused patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Anaspure Omkar S. , Baumann Anthony N. , Crawford Marc T. , Davis Pierce , Ndjonko Laura C. M. , Anari Jason B. , Baldwin Keith D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to understand global and segmental spinal ROM in surgical and nonsurgical AIS patients.

Methods
This systematic review examined segmental vertebral ROM in AIS patients using PubMed, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, and Web of Science until October 8th, 2023. Inclusion criteria were articles on segmental motion in AIS patients, both operative and non-operative, under 18 years old.

Results
Seventeen articles met eligibility criteria from 2511 initially retrieved. All patients (n = 996) had AIS (549 non-operative; 447 were operative), with a frequency-weighted mean age of 15.1 ± 1.6 years and a baseline Cobb angle of 51.4 ± 13.3 degrees. Studies showed heterogenous segmental flexibility in the unfused spine, with the apical curve and upper thoracic segments being more rigid and lower segments more flexible at -5 disk segments from the apex. Most studies showed a predictable loss of motion in fused spinal regions postoperatively and a variable loss of global motion depending on the LIV and number of fused segments. A 7° global loss of total trunk flexion per level was observed with increasingly caudal LIV, starting at L1. Anterior vertebral body tethering (AVBT) preserved motion post-surgery but reduced coronal plane motion. AVBT saw less motion loss compared to posterior spinal fusion (PSF) but had higher revision and complication rates.

Conclusion
Preservation of spinal segments correlated with improved motion postoperatively. Increasing caudal LIV in PSF showed sagittal flexion loss. AVBT preserved more sagittal ROM than PSF but increased coronal motion loss, complications, and revision rates, with the largest benefit at LIV L4. Data on segmental motion are limited and further research on postoperative segmental ROM is required.
Enhancing water recycling adoption in South African residential properties: a multi-dimensional analysis for sustainable water management
Authors: Moghayedi Alireza 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the challenges and adoption rates of water recycling systems as a sustainable water management strategy within residential properties in South Africa. Employing a quantitative approach, the research incorporates a comprehensive literature review and household surveys to discern the micro-social, technical, and socio-economic motivations and challenges influencing adoption rates and homeowners' willingness to embrace water recycling systems. Through structural equation modeling (SEM), a causal model is developed, illuminating the intricate nexus between influential constructs, their sub-constructs, and the degree of water recycling system adoption in South African residential contexts. The SEM results reveal significant relationships between property characteristics, motivations, and challenges, and their combined impact on adoption rates. The study identifies a lack of space, unclear savings on water payments, and insufficient information/awareness as primary micro-level obstacles to implementing water recycling systems in residential properties. Furthermore, it demonstrates that enhancing the efficiency of water recycling systems could substantially mitigate the negative impacts of these challenges. The study underscores the pivotal role of public awareness campaigns and homeowner education in augmenting the utilization of recycled water within residential settings. Recommendations emphasize the necessity of equipping homeowners with fundamental environmental and technical knowledge pertaining to water recycling and advocate for government incentives to encourage the adoption of water recycling systems in residential properties. These findings offer valuable insights for crafting data-driven decision-making frameworks aimed at bolstering the capacity for analyzing and implementing novel water reuse strategies, tailored to the specific capabilities and resources of urban authorities and communities.
The ‘Goldilocks Grub’: reproductive responses to leafroller host development in Goniozus jacintae, a parasitoid of the light brown apple moth
Authors: Aspin Emma , Keller Michael A. , Hardy Ian C. W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany parasitoids alter their reproductive behaviour in response to the quality of encountered hosts. They make adaptive decisions concerning whether to parasitise a potential host, the number of eggs laid on an accepted host, and the allocation of sex to their offspring. Here we present evidence that Goniozus jacintae Farrugia (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), a gregarious ectoparasitoid of larval tortricids, adjusts its reproductive response to the size and developmental stage of larvae of the light brown apple moth (LBAM), Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Goniozus jacintae parasitises instars 3–6 of LBAM, but most readily parasitises the later, larger, instars. Brood sizes were bigger on larger hosts and brood sex ratios were female biased (proportion of males = 0.23) with extremely low variance (never >1 male in a brood at emergence), perhaps the most precise of all studied bethylids. Host size did not influence brood development time, which averaged 19.64 days, or the body size of male offspring. However, the size of females was positively correlated with host size and negatively correlated with brood size. The sizes of individual males and females were positively related to the average amount of host resource available to individuals within each brood, suggesting that adult body size is affected by scramble competition among feeding larvae. Average brood sizes were: 3rd instar host, 1.3 (SE ± 0.075); 4th instar, 2.8 (SE ± 0.18); 5th instar, 4.7 (SE ± 0.23); 6th instar, 5.4 (SE ± 0.28). The largest brood size observed was 8 individuals (7 females, 1 male) on the 6th instar of LBAM. These results suggest that later instars would give the highest yield to optimise mass-rearing of G. jacintae if used for augmentative biological pest control.
Divine Visibility in the Gospel of John
Authors: Irwin Luke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article argues that John’s christology affirms the material visibility of God by reconciling the notion of an “unseen” God to the visibility of the Father that Jesus presents. Three pieces of evidence support this claim. The first is that “unseen” and “invisible” are not synonymous. A survey of Second Temple, biblical, and rabbinic literature reveals that one may not assume that all hellenized Jews embraced Platonist notions of invisibility. Second, Jesus presents the Father as visible, however restricted that visibility may be to Jesus’s person. Third, John’s use of Isaiah suggests that the visibility of God in the theophanies is consonant with God’s visibility in Jesus.
The Grenada Learning and Memory Scale: Psychometric features and normative data in Caribbean preschool children
Authors: Blackmon Karen , Evans Roberta , Mohammed Lauren , Burgen Kemi S. , Ingraham Erin , Punch Bianca , Isaac Rashida , Murray Toni , Noel Jesma , Belmar-Roberts Cora , Waechter Randall , Landon Barbara 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjective:Neuropsychological assessment of preschool children is essential for early detection of delays and referral for intervention prior to school entry. This is especially pertinent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which are disproportionately impacted by micronutrient deficiencies and teratogenic exposures. The Grenada Learning and Memory Scale (GLAMS) was created for use in limited resource settings and includes a shopping list and face-name association test. Here, we present psychometric and normative data for the GLAMS in a Grenadian preschool sample.Methods:Typically developing children between 36 and 72 months of age, primarily English speaking, were recruited from public preschools in Grenada. Trained Early Childhood Assessors administered the GLAMS and NEPSY-II in schools, homes, and clinics. GLAMS score distributions, reliability, and convergent/divergent validity against NEPSY-II were evaluated.Results:The sample consisted of 400 children (190 males, 210 females). GLAMS internal consistency, inter-rater agreement, and test-retest reliability were acceptable. Principal components analysis revealed two latent factors, aligned with expected verbal/visual memory constructs. A female advantage was observed in verbal memory. Moderate age effects were observed on list learning/recall and small age effects on face-name learning/recall. All GLAMS subtests were correlated with NEPSY-II Sentence Repetition, supporting convergent validity with a measure of verbal working memory.Conclusions:The GLAMS is a psychometrically sound measure of learning and memory in Grenadian preschool children. Further adaptation and scale-up to global LMICs are recommended.
How Does Organized Convection Impact Explicitly Resolved Cloud Feedbacks in the Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium Model Intercomparison Project?
Authors: Stauffer Catherine L. , Wing Allison A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn simulations of radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE), and with sufficiently large domains, organized convection enhances top of atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation due to the reduced cloud coverage and drying of the mean climate state. As a consequence, estimates of climate sensitivity and cloud feedbacks may be affected. Here, we use a multi‐model ensemble configured in RCE to study the dependence of explicitly calculated cloud feedbacks on the existence of organized convection, the degree to which convection within a domain organizes, and the change in organized convection with warming sea surface temperature. We find that, when RCE simulations with organized convection are compared to RCE simulations without organized convection, the propensity for convection to organize in RCE causes cloud feedbacks to have larger magnitudes due to the inclusion of low clouds, accompanied by a much larger inter‐model spread. While we find no dependence of the cloud feedback on changes in organization with warming, models that are, on average, more organized have less positive, or even negative, cloud feedbacks. This is primarily due to changes in cloud optical depth in the shortwave, specifically high clouds thickening with warming in strongly organized domains. The shortwave cloud optical depth feedback also plays an important role in causing the tropical anvil cloud area feedback to be positive which is directly opposed to the expected negative or near zero cloud feedback found in prior work.