bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A RGB-Type Quantum Dot-based Sensor Array for Sensitive Visual Detection of Trace Formaldehyde in Air
Authors: Xia Hui , Hu Jing , Tang Jie , Xu Kailai , Hou Xiandeng , Wu Peng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA simple colorimetric sensor array based on red-emitting CdTe QDs and green-colored fluorescein that exhibited RGB-type color change was proposed for visual detection of trace formaldehyde. In the presence of formaldehyde, the red fluorescence from CdTe QDs was quenched while the green fluorescein was inert thus as a reference. Through harvesting the varied quenching efficiency of different ligand-capped CdTe QDs by formaldehyde, a simple sensor array can be constructed for both selective detection of formaldehyde with high sensitivity (LOD of 0.08 ppm) and identification of the existence of potential interference from acetaldehyde. The quenching mechanisms of formaldehyde toward different ligand capped CdTe QDs were studied with fluorescence lifetime, zeta potential, and also theoretical calculations. The results from theoretical calculations were in good agreement with the experimental results. The proposed sensor array was successfully explored for visual analysis of formaldehyde in indoor air samples.
Marked increases in mucociliary clearance produced by synergistic secretory agonists or inhibition of the epithelial sodium channel
Authors: Joo Nam Soo , Jeong Jin Hyeok , Cho Hyung-Ju , Wine Jeffrey J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMucociliary clearance (MCC) is a critical host innate defense mechanism in airways, and it is impaired in cystic fibrosis (CF) and other obstructive lung diseases. Epithelial fluid secretion and absorption modify MCC velocity (MCCV). We tested the hypotheses that inhibiting fluid absorption accelerates MCCV, whereas inhibiting fluid secretion decelerates it. In airways, ENaC is mainly responsible for fluid absorption, while anion channels, including CFTR and Ca2+-activated chloride channels mediate anion/fluid secretion. MCCV was increased by the cAMP-elevating agonists, forskolin or isoproterenol (10 μM) and by the Ca2+-elevating agonist, carbachol (0.3 μM). The CFTR-selective inhibitor, CFTRinh-172, modestly reduced MCCV-increases induced by forskolin or isoproterenol but not increases induced by carbachol. The ENaC inhibitor benzamil increased basal MCCV as well as MCCV increases produced by forskolin or carbachol. MCC velocity was most dramatically accelerated by the synergistic combination of forskolin and carbachol, which produced near-maximal clearance rates regardless of prior treatment with CFTR or ENaC inhibitors. In CF airways, where CFTR-mediated secretion (and possibly synergistic MCC) is lost, ENaC inhibition via exogenous agents may provide therapeutic benefit, as has long been proposed.
Delayed development of systemic immunity in preterm pigs as a model for preterm infants
Authors: Nguyen Duc Ninh , Jiang Pingping , Frøkiær Hanne , Heegaard Peter M. H. , Thymann Thomas , Sangild Per T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPreterm neonates are highly sensitive to systemic infections in early life but little is known about systemic immune development following preterm birth. We hypothesized that preterm neonates have immature systemic immunity with distinct developmental trajectory for the first several weeks of life, relative to those born at near-term or term. Using pigs as a model, we characterized blood leukocyte subsets, antimicrobial activities and TLR-mediated cytokine production during the first weeks after preterm birth. Relative to near-term and term pigs, newborn preterm pigs had low blood leukocyte counts, poor neutrophil phagocytic rate, and limited cytokine responses to TLR1/2/5/7/9 and NOD1/2 agonists. The preterm systemic responses remained immature during the first postnatal week, but thereafter showed increased blood leukocyte numbers, NK cell proportion, neutrophil phagocytic rate and TLR2-mediated IL-6 and TNF-α production. These immune parameters remained different between preterm and near-term pigs at 2–3 weeks, even when adjusted for post-conceptional age. Our data suggest that systemic immunity follows a distinct developmental trajectory following preterm birth that may be influenced by postnatal age, complications of prematurity and environmental factors. Consequently, the immediate postnatal period may represent a window of opportunity to improve innate immunity in preterm neonates by medical, antimicrobial or dietary interventions.
Antibacterial activity of the nitrovinylfuran G1 (Furvina) and its conversion products
Authors: Allas Ülar , Toom Lauri , Selyutina Anastasia , Mäeorg Uno , Medina Ricardo , Merits Andres , Rinken Ago , Hauryliuk Vasili , Kaldalu Niilo , Tenson Tanel 
Published: November 2016

Abstract2-Bromo-5-(2-bromo-2-nitrovinyl)furan (G1 or Furvina) is an antimicrobial with a direct reactivity against thiol groups. It is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi. By reacting with thiol groups it causes direct damage to proteins but, as a result, is very short-living and interconverts into an array of reaction products. Our aim was to characterize thiol reactivity of G1 and its conversion products and establish how much of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects are due to the primary activity of G1 and how much can be attributed to its reaction products. Stability of G1 in growth media as well as its conversion in the presence of thiols was characterized. The structures of G1 decomposition products were determined using NMR and mass-spectroscopy. Concentration- and time-dependent killing curves showed that G1 is bacteriostatic for Escherichia coli at the concentration of 16 μg/ml and bactericidal at 32 μg/ml. However, G1 is inefficient against non-growing E. coli. Addition of cysteine to medium reduces the antimicrobial potency of G1. Nevertheless, the reaction products of G1 and cysteine enabled prolonged antimicrobial action of the drug. Therefore, the activity of 2-bromo-5-(2-bromo-2-nitrovinyl)furan is a sum of its immediate reactivity and the antibacterial effects of the conversion products.
Pore structure characterization of Chang-7 tight sandstone using MICP combined with N2GA techniques and its geological control factors
Authors: Cao Zhe , Liu Guangdi , Zhan Hongbin , Li Chaozheng , You Yuan , Yang Chengyu , Jiang Hang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the pore networks of unconventional tight reservoirs such as tight sandstones and shales is crucial for extracting oil/gas from such reservoirs. Mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) and N2 gas adsorption (N2GA) are performed to evaluate pore structure of Chang-7 tight sandstone. Thin section observation, scanning electron microscope, grain size analysis, mineral composition analysis, and porosity measurement are applied to investigate geological control factors of pore structure. Grain size is positively correlated with detrital mineral content and grain size standard deviation while negatively related to clay content. Detrital mineral content and grain size are positively correlated with porosity, pore throat radius and withdrawal efficiency and negatively related to capillary pressure and pore-to-throat size ratio; while interstitial material is negatively correlated with above mentioned factors. Well sorted sediments with high debris usually possess strong compaction resistance to preserve original pores. Although many inter-crystalline pores are produced in clay minerals, this type of pores is not the most important contributor to porosity. Besides this, pore shape determined by N2GA hysteresis loop is consistent with SEM observation on clay inter-crystalline pores while BJH pore volume is positively related with clay content, suggesting N2GA is suitable for describing clay inter-crystalline pores in tight sandstones.
Underwater noise levels in UK waters
Authors: Merchant Nathan D. , Brookes Kate L. , Faulkner Rebecca C. , Bicknell Anthony W. J. , Godley Brendan J. , Witt Matthew J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUnderwater noise from human activities appears to be rising, with ramifications for acoustically sensitive marine organisms and the functioning of marine ecosystems. Policymakers are beginning to address the risk of ecological impact, but are constrained by a lack of data on current and historic noise levels. Here, we present the first nationally coordinated effort to quantify underwater noise levels, in support of UK policy objectives under the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Field measurements were made during 2013–2014 at twelve sites around the UK. Median noise levels ranged from 81.5–95.5 dB re 1 μPa for one-third octave bands from 63–500 Hz. Noise exposure varied considerably, with little anthropogenic influence at the Celtic Sea site, to several North Sea sites with persistent vessel noise. Comparison of acoustic metrics found that the RMS level (conventionally used to represent the mean) was highly skewed by outliers, exceeding the 97th percentile at some frequencies. We conclude that environmental indicators of anthropogenic noise should instead use percentiles, to ensure statistical robustness. Power analysis indicated that at least three decades of continuous monitoring would be required to detect trends of similar magnitude to historic rises in noise levels observed in the Northeast Pacific.
Persistent Hyperlactatemia as the Predictor of Poor Outcome in Critically Ill Children: A Single-Center, Prospective, Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Antin Jennifer , Khare Shweta , Patki Vinayak 
Published: November 2016

Objective To study incidence of hyperlactatemia and its correlation with outcome in critically ill children.
Design Single-center, prospective cohort study.
Setting Eight-bedded PICU.
Method Serial serum lactate levels were measured in 140 critically ill children at 0, 12, 24, and 48 hours.
Results A total of 45% children had hyperlactatemia. Lactate levels were significantly (p = 0.000) higher in nonsurvivors at all intervals. Lactate levels decreased significantly (p = 0.000) in survivors while increased in nonsurvivors. Normalized lactate load was found to be an independent predictor of mortality (p = 0.023).
Conclusion Persistent hyperlactatemia serves as a possible predictor of poor outcome in critically ill children.
Diffusion-weighted imaging uncovers likely sources of processing-speed deficits in schizophrenia
Authors: Kochunov Peter , Rowland Laura M. , Fieremans Els , Veraart Jelle , Jahanshad Neda , Eskandar George , Du Xiaoming , Muellerklein Florian , Savransky Anya , Shukla Dinesh , Sampath Hemalatha , Thompson Paul M. , Hong L. Elliot 
Published: November 2016

Significance
Advanced, non-Gaussian diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) measurements that probe white matter microstructure across a range of diffusion contrasts were sensitive to diagnosis-specific abnormalities in schizophrenia and independently predicted patient–control differences in processing speed. Two orthogonal statistical factors extracted from DWI measurements explain most of diagnosis-related differences in processing speed. Moreover, DWI measurements explained a similar degree of variance in processing speed in patients and controls separately and in siblings of patients. This link remains contiguous across the diagnostic boundary and was not driven by subject selection or antipsychotic medication. The non-Gaussian diffusion white matter metrics are promising surrogate imaging markers for modeling cognitive deficits and perhaps, guiding treatment development.
Modernism and Reification in the Music of Frank Bridge
Authors: Earle Ben 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTDrawing on the tradition of Formenlehre, this article puts forward a methodological historicism as a means of mediating between the disciplinary expectations of musical analysis, on the one hand, and philosophical aesthetics, on the other. Stylistic developments in the later music of Frank Bridge, perhaps British music's best claim to a high modernist of the generation of Schoenberg and Stravinsky, are illuminated by means of Theodor W. Adorno's notion of musical ‘reification’. A comparative analysis of the complementary modernism of Bridge's contemporary Ralph Vaughan Williams is also put forward, and a critical light shone on recent writing on British musical modernism in general.
Interpretation and Performance Practice in Realizing Stockhausen's Studie II
Authors: Williams Sean 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIn the 1950s, using electronic devices to make music seemed a new paradigm for composers eager to remove the effects of interpretation on their relationship with their audience. The promise was that compositional ideas could be directly made into sound with the help of a technician whose task it was to carry out instructions. By making a new realization of Stockhausen's Studie II, composed in 1954, I interrogate many of the original techniques and practices, and show that there are many sites which require interpretation and raise issues of performance practice. The implication of these discoveries is that there may be advantages to an analysis of early electronic music of the 1950s and 1960s from the perspective of the practice of instrumental music, and that where there are references to ‘technicians’, great care should be taken to understand and appreciate the range of musical skills often required by such individuals. This approach to realization also raises serious questions about the ontology of electronic music.
Progress Toward Lake Trout Rehabilitation at a Stocked and Unstocked Reef in Southern Lake Michigan
Authors: Patterson Kristen A. , Stein Jeffrey A. , Robillard Steven R. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Sustained efforts to restore naturally reproducing populations through the stocking of marked juvenile Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush have occurred since the 1960s but have been largely unsuccessful in achieving that goal. Julian's Reef in southwestern Lake Michigan has been a targeted Lake Trout rehabilitation site since 1985 and was designated a first-priority site in a revised management strategy for Lake Trout rehabilitation in 2011. We evaluated progress toward rehabilitation objectives for spawning Lake Trout at Julian's Reef and compared that progress to unstocked Waukegan Reef nearby in light of a recent increase to approximately 50% unmarked adults at both sites, as detected by annual fall spawning assessments. We observed significant progress toward meeting the rehabilitation objectives for adult Lake Trout in southern Lake Michigan. The spawning populations at Julian's Reef and Waukegan Reef did not differ in relative abundance, sex ratio, age structure, or spawner sources (stocking location; clipped or unclipped) except that the sex ratio at Waukegan Reef during the assessment period favored female spawners. These results suggest that the adult Lake Trout population is strong enough to permit natural recruitment in southern Lake Michigan, warranting the need to identify the source of natural reproduction so as to fully evaluate factors related to rehabilitation success. We propose that management agencies should consider investigating other unstocked sites where Lake Trout may be spawning and should revise their rehabilitation plans to include actions that could limit detrimental impacts on naturally reproducing populations where they exist.
Received October 15, 2015; accepted July 22, 2016 Published online November 10, 2016
Dispelling Assumptions about Stocked-Trout Fisheries and Angler Satisfaction
Authors: Hyman Amanda A. , McMullin Steve L. , DiCenzo Vic 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We investigated three assumptions about stocked-trout fisheries: (1) stocking densities (trout/km or trout/ha) correlate with angler catch rates, (2) catch rates decline with time after stocking, and (3) angler satisfaction correlates with catch rates. We interviewed 5,689 anglers on 14 put-and-take trout waters in Virginia from October 2013 to May 2014 and from October 2014 to May 2015 to assess their fishing effort for stocked trout, catch, and level of satisfaction with their fishing experience that day. Stocking density did not affect the stocked-trout catch rate on streams or lakes, and catch rates remained relatively constant from the day after stocking up to 1 month after stocking. The type of water body affected both angler effort and catch rate. We found that catch rates above thresholds (0.46 trout/angler-hour on lakes; 1.21 trout/angler-hour on streams) had minor effects on angler satisfaction, but below those threshold values, satisfaction increased greatly with increasing catch rates on both lakes and streams. Given the concerns over increasing costs to maintain stocking programs, our results suggest that agencies could reduce their stocking densities and frequencies without appreciably reducing angler satisfaction.
Received January 13, 2016; accepted July 17, 2016 Published online November 10, 2016
Long-term use of opioids for nonmalignant pain among community-dwelling persons with and without Alzheimer disease in Finland: a nationwide register-based study
Authors: Hamina Aleksi , Taipale Heidi , Tanskanen Antti , Tolppanen Anna-Maija , Karttunen Niina , Pylkkänen Liisa , Tiihonen Jari , Hartikainen Sirpa 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Persons with Alzheimer disease (AD) commonly present with chronic nonmalignant pain, but long-term use of opioids among this population has not been studied previously. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of long-term (≥180 days) use of opioids for nonmalignant pain and associated factors among community-dwelling persons with AD and to compare the prevalence with a matched cohort without AD. The Medication use and Alzheimer's disease (MEDALZ) cohort was used for this study, comprising all community-dwelling persons diagnosed with AD in Finland during 2005 to 2011 and their matched comparison persons without AD. After exclusion of persons with active cancer treatment, 62,074 persons with and 62,074 persons without AD were included in this study. Data were collected from nationwide registers. Opioids were used by 13,111 persons with and by 16,659 without AD. Overall long-term opioid use was more common among persons without AD (8.7%) than among persons with AD (7.2%, P < 0.0001). However, among opioid users, prevalence of long-term opioid use was slightly higher among persons with AD than among those without AD (34.2% vs 32.3%, respectively, P = 0.0004). Long-term use of transdermal opioids was more than 2-fold among opioid users with AD (13.2%) compared with users without AD (5.5%). Factors associated with long-term opioid use included AD, age ≥80 years, female sex, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, low socioeconomic position, history of substance abuse, and long-term benzodiazepine use. Prevalence of long-term opioid use was somewhat similar among both groups. Among persons with AD, long-term opioid use was strongly associated with transdermal opioids.
Herpes Simplex Virus Suppressive Therapy in Herpes Simplex Virus-2/Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Coinfected Women Is Associated With Reduced Systemic CXCL10 But Not Genital Cytokines
Authors: Andersen-Nissen Erica , Chang Joanne T. , Thomas Katherine K. , Adams Devin , Celum Connie , Sanchez Jorge , Coombs Robert W. , McElrath M. Juliana , Baeten Jared M. 
Published: November 2016

Background
Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) may heighten immune activation and increase human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) replication, resulting in greater infectivity and faster HIV-1 disease progression. An 18-week randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of 500 mg valacyclovir twice daily in 20 antiretroviral-naive women coinfected with HSV-2 and HIV-1 was conducted and HSV-2 suppression was found to significantly reduce both HSV-2 and HIV-1 viral loads both systemically and the endocervical compartment.

Methods
To determine the effect of HSV-2 suppression on systemic and genital mucosal inflammation, plasma specimens, and endocervical swabs were collected weekly from volunteers in the trial and cryopreserved. Plasma was assessed for concentrations of 31 cytokines and chemokines; endocervical fluid was eluted from swabs and assayed for 14 cytokines and chemokines.

Results
Valacyclovir significantly reduced plasma CXCL10 but did not significantly alter other cytokine concentrations in either compartment.

Conclusions
These data suggest genital tract inflammation in women persists despite HSV-2 suppression, supporting the lack of effect on transmission seen in large scale efficacy trials. Alternative therapies are needed to reduce persistent mucosal inflammation that may enhance transmission of HSV-2 and HIV-1.
Cladogenetic and Anagenetic Models of Chromosome Number Evolution: a Bayesian Model Averaging Approach
Authors: Freyman William A. , Höhna Sebastian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractChromosome number is a key feature of the higher-order organization of the genome, and changes in chromosome number play a fundamental role in evolution. Dysploid gains and losses in chromosome number, as well as polyploidization events, may drive reproductive isolation and lineage diversification. The recent development of probabilistic models of chromosome number evolution in the groundbreaking work by Mayrose et al. (2010, ChromEvol) have enabled the inference of ancestral chromosome numbers over molecular phylogenies and generated new interest in studying the role of chromosome changes in evolution. However, the ChromEvol approach assumes all changes occur anagenetically (along branches), and does not model events that are specifically cladogenetic. Cladogenetic changes may be expected if chromosome changes result in reproductive isolation. Here we present a new class of models of chromosome number evolution (called ChromoSSE) that incorporate both anagenetic and cladogenetic change. The ChromoSSE models allow us to determine the mode of chromosome number evolution; is chromosome evolution occurring primarily within lineages, primarily at lineage splitting, or in clade-specific combinations of both? Furthermore, we can estimate the location and timing of possible chromosome speciation events over the phylogeny. We implemented ChromoSSE in a Bayesian statistical framework, specifically in the software RevBayes, to accommodate uncertainty in parameter estimates while leveraging the full power of likelihood based methods. We tested ChromoSSE’s accuracy with simulations and re-examined chromosomal evolution inAristolochia, CarexsectionSpirostachyae, Helianthus, Mimulussensu lato (s.l.), andPrimulasectionAleuritia, finding evidence for clade-specific combinations of anagenetic and cladogenetic dysploid and polyploid modes of chromosome evolution.