bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Video inter‐frame forgery identification based on the consistency of quotient of MSSIM
Authors: Li Zhaohong , Zhang Zhenzhen , Guo Sheng , Wang Jinwei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInter‐frame forgery is a common type of video forgery in digital videos. In this paper, a method based on the consistency of quotient of mean structural similarity (QoMSSIM) is proposed. For original videos, the QoMSSIM are consistent, but in forgeries the consistency will be destroyed. First, the mean structural similarity (MSSIM) between every two adjacent frames is extracted, and then the quotients between every two sequential MSSIM are calculated. Finally, the quotient of mean SSIM after post‐processing, normalization and quantization is used as distinguishing feature to identify inter‐frame forgeries. Experiments are conducted on a large database and support vector machine (SVM) is used to distinguish original videos and inter‐frame forgeries. Experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient in differentiating original videos and forgeries. For differentiating frame deletion and insertion forgeries, the proposed method performs also pretty well. Compared with the other method, the proposed method has higher classification accuracy, lower computational complexity and robustness against recompression and white Gaussian noise. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution of Calcium and Aluminum Between Molten Silicon and Silica-Rich CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 Slags at 1823 K (1550 °C)
Authors: Ahn Seung Hwan , Jakobsson Lars Klemet , Tranell Gabriella 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Oxidative refining of silicon after tapping from the furnace is performed to remove calcium and aluminum impurities. Depending on the slag composition, the refining limit is determined by the thermodynamic equilibrium between silicon and slag. Silica-rich CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slags were equilibrated with silicon at 1823 K (1550 °C) in the present study. The results were compared with previous experimental measurements, experimentally measured activities in the slag and thermodynamically modeled data. The present study was found to agree relatively well with most of these works. The concentrations of calcium and aluminum in silicon along the liquidus line for SiO2 saturation were also investigated, and this area was found to have less agreement between different works.
Therapeutic strategies for the treatment of tauopathies: Hopes and challenges
Authors: Khanna Mansi R. , Kovalevich Jane , Lee Virginia M.‐Y. , Trojanowski John Q. , Brunden Kurt R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA group of neurodegenerative diseases referred to as tauopathies are characterized by the presence of brain cells harboring inclusions of pathological species of the tau protein. These disorders include Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration due to tau pathology, including progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and Pick's disease. Tau is normally a microtubule (MT)‐associated protein that appears to play an important role in ensuring proper axonal transport, but in tauopathies tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and disengages from MTs, with consequent misfolding and deposition into inclusions that mainly affect neurons but also glia. A body of experimental evidence suggests that the development of tau inclusions leads to the neurodegeneration observed in tauopathies, and there is a growing interest in developing tau‐directed therapeutic agents. The following review provides a summary of strategies under investigation for the potential treatment of tauopathies, highlighting both the promises and challenges associated with these various therapeutic approaches.
Characterizing familial corticobasal syndrome due to Alzheimer's disease pathology and PSEN1 mutations
Authors: Lam Benjamin , Khan Aun , Keith Julia , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Bilbao Juan , St. George‐Hyslop Peter , Ghani Mahdi , Freedman Morris , Stuss Donald T. , Chow Tiffany , Black Sandra E. , Masellis Mario 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroductionCorticobasal syndrome (CBS) resulting from genetic Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been described only once. Whether familial CBS‐AD is a distinct clinical entity with its own imaging signature remains unknown.MethodsFour individuals with CBS from two families underwent detailed assessment. For two individuals, regional atrophy and hypoperfusion were compared to autopsy‐confirmed typical late‐onset AD and corticobasal degeneration, as well as genetically proven PSEN1 cases with an amnestic presentation.ResultsOne family harbored a novel mutation in PSEN1:p.Phe283Leu. MRI demonstrated severe parietal, perirolandic, and temporal atrophy, with relative sparing of frontal and ipsilateral hippocampal regions. Autopsy confirmed pure AD pathology. The other family harbored a known PSEN1 mutation:p.Gly378Val.DiscussionThis report confirms familial CBS‐AD as a distinct clinical entity, with a parietal‐perirolandic‐temporal atrophy signature. It illustrates the clinical heterogeneity that can occur despite a shared genetic cause and underscores the need for biomarkers such as amyloid imaging during life.
Banking Union and banking nationalism — Explaining opt-out choices of Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic
Authors: Méró Katalin , Piroska Dora 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to understand Hungary, the Czech Republic and Poland's opt out position from the Banking Union (BU). The Banking Union is compulsory for Eurozone member states and optional for non-Eurozone member states. From the Central and Eastern European (CEE) region only Romania and Bulgaria decided to join. First, we attempt to explain this fact based on structural characteristics of the CEE banking sectors, but we find no substantial difference between the opt-in and opt-out countries’ banking sectors. Second, we look at the role of state capacity in maintaining a stable banking sector, and find that state capacity is a necessary condition for opting out. Finally, using Hungary as a case study, and the Czech Republic and Poland as further examples, we argue that these countries opted out because their governments’ policy preference of banking nationalism conflicts with the BU's ideals.
Chronology of newly-discovered Paleolithic artifact assemblages in Lantian (Shaanxi province), central China
Authors: Zhuo Haixin , Lu Huayu , Wang Shejiang , Ahmad Khobaib , Sun Wenfeng , Zhang Hongyan , Yi Shuangwen , Li Yongxiang , Wang Xianyan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTheHomo erectuscranium, mandible and hundreds of associated lithic artifacts found in Lantian (central China) in the 1960s demonstrate that the area was important for hominin habitation during the early to middle Pleistocene. However, the region, which was not adequately researched until the early 2000s, still poses several questions regarding hominin behavior and lithic technology development. In this study, three loess-paleosol sequences (the Jijiawan, Ganyu and Diaozhai sites), from which in situ stone artifacts were recovered, are investigated and dated by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), magnetostratigraphy and stratigraphic correlation. The results demonstrate that the artifacts are located within paleosol layers S4 (correlative with marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 11), S3 (MIS 9), S2 (MIS 7), and S1 (MIS 5); and within loess layer L1 (MIS 2-4). The main stone-knapping technique used was direct hard hammer percussion. In addition, the technological features of the stone tools found at these sites exhibit little variation, indicating the presence of a long-established, stable technology in the Lantian area. Our observations show that the ancient humans lived episodically on the terraces of the Bahe River from the early Pleistocene, indicating a long history of hominin occupation of the region.
Global, regional and local controls on the development of a Triassic carbonate ramp system, Western Balkanides, Bulgaria
Authors: CHATALOV ATHANAS 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Early to Late Triassic development of a carbonate ramp system in the subtropical belt of the NW Tethys was controlled by the interplay of several global and regional factors: geotectonic setting (slow continuous subsidence on a passive continental margin), antecedent topography (low-gradient relief inherited from preceding depositional regime), climate and oceanography (warm and dry climatic conditions, storm influence), relative sea-level changes (Olenekian to Anisian eustatic rise, middle Anisian to early Carnian sea-level fall), lack of frame-builders (favouring the maintenance of ramp morphology), and carbonate production (abundant formation of lime mud, non-skeletal grains and marine cements, development of diverse biota controlled by biological evolution and environmental conditions). Elevated palaeorelief affected the ramp initialization on a local scale, while autogenic processes largely controlled the formation of peritidal cyclicity during the early stage of ramp retrogradation. Probably fault-driven differential subsidence caused a local distal steepening of the ramp profile in middle–late Anisian time. The generally favourable conditions promoted long-term maintenance of homoclinal ramp morphology and accumulation of carbonate sediments having great maximum thickness (~500 m). Shutdown of the carbonate factory and demise of the ramp system in the early Carnian resulted from relative sea-level fall and subsequent emergence. After a period of subaerial exposure with minor karstification, the deposition of continental quartz arenites suggests the possible effect of the Carnian Pluvial Episode.
Phylogenetic patterns ofHaemonchus contortusand related trichostrongylid nematodes isolated from Egyptian sheep
Authors: Kandil O.M. , Abdelrahman K.A. , Fahmy H.A. , Mahmoud M.S. , El Namaky A.H. , Miller J.E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHaemonchus contortusis a major parasite of small ruminants and its blood-feeding behaviour causes effects ranging from mild anaemia to death. Knowledge of the genetic variation within and amongH. contortuspopulations can provide the foundation for understanding transmission patterns and aid in the control of haemonchosis. Adult maleH. contortuswere collected from three geographical regions in Egypt. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced directly. The population genetic diversity and sequence variations were determined. Nucleotide sequence analyses revealed one genotype (ITS2) in all worms, without genetic differentiation. The similarity in population genetic diversity and genetic patterns observed among the three geographical regions could be attributed to possible movement between the sites. This is the first study of genetic variation inH. contortusin Egypt. The present results could have implications for the rapid characterization ofH. contortusand other trichostrongyloid nematodes, and evaluation of the epidemiology ofH. contortusin Egypt.
Ultrastructural changes to the tegumental system and gastrodermal cells of adult Fasciola hepatica following treatment in vivo with a commercial preparation of myrrh (Mirazid)
Authors: Abdelaal M.M.O. , Brennan G.P. , Abdel-Aziz A. , Fairweather I. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAn in vivo study in the laboratory rat model has been carried out to monitor changes to the tegument and gut of adult Fasciola hepatica following treatment with myrrh (‘Mirazid’). Rats infected with the triclabendazole-resistant Dutch isolate were dosed orally with Mirazid at a concentration of 250 mg/kg and flukes recovered 2, 3 and 7 days post-treatment (pt). The flukes were processed for examination by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A variety of changes to the external surface were observed, culminating in the sloughing of the tegumental syncytium. Internal changes to the syncytium and tegumental cell bodies were more severe and were evident from 2 days pt onwards. Swelling of the basal infolds (leading to flooding of the surface layer) and a decline in secretory body production were the major changes seen. The gastrodermal cells were less severely affected than the tegument, pointing to a trans-tegumental route of uptake for Mirazid by the fluke. Some loss of muscle fibres in the main somatic muscle layers was observed, which may be correlated with the decline in movement of flukes seen at recovery.
Laryngeal manifestations of pachyonychia congenita: a clinical case and discussion on management for the otolaryngologist
Authors: O'Kane A M , Jackson C P , Mahadevan M , Barber C 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground:Pachyonychia congenita is a rare keratinising disorder, which typically presents during the first three years of life and usually affects the nails and palmoplantar surfaces. It can involve the larynx and potentially result in life-threatening airway obstruction.Methods:A case report is presented and the findings of a literature review are reported. The review involved a PubMed search using the keywords ‘pachyonychia congenita’ together with ‘larynx’, ‘laryngeal involvement’, ‘laryngeal obstruction’, ‘airway obstruction’, ‘hoarseness’ and/or ‘stridor’.Results:A five-year-old boy, with confirmed pachyonychia congenita, presented with complications of laryngeal involvement over a four-year period. He required three intubations and a tracheostomy for acute airway obstruction. Treatment with potassium titanyl phosphate laser laryngoscopy stabilised the progression of laryngeal disease.Conclusion:Patients with pachyonychia congenita and laryngeal involvement can have a varied presentation, ranging from hoarseness to acute airway obstruction. Management can be a challenge, requiring early evaluation, regular surveillance and aggressive treatment. This paper reports our experience in managing and treating the laryngeal complications of a child with pachyonychia congenita.
Spatial and temporal variation in macroparasite communities of three-spined stickleback
Authors: YOUNG REBECCA E. , MACCOLL ANDREW D. C. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryPatterns in parasite community structure are often observed in natural systems and an important question in parasite ecology is whether such patterns are repeatable across time and space. Field studies commonly look at spatial or temporal repeatability of patterns, but they are rarely investigated in conjunction. We use a large dataset on the macroparasites of the three-spined stickleback,Gasterosteus aculeatusL., collected from 14 locations on North Uist, Scotland over an 8-year period to investigate: (1) repeatability of patterns in parasite communities among populations and whether variation is consistent across years, (2) whether variation between years can be explained by climatic variation and progression of the season and (3) whether variation in habitat characteristics explain population differences. Differences in relative abundance and prevalence across populations were observed in a number of parasites investigated indicating a lack of consistency across years in numerous parasite community measures; however, differences between populations in the prevalence and abundance of some parasites were consistent throughout the study. Average temperature did not affect parasite community, and progression of the season was only significant for two of 13 community measures. Two of the six habitat characteristics investigated (pH and calcium concentration) significantly affected parasite presence.
Childhood atopy and mental health: a prospective, longitudinal investigation
Authors: Goodwin R. D. , Robinson M. , Sly P. D. , Holt P. G. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundPrior studies have suggested a relationship between atopy and mental health, although methodological barriers have limited the generalizability of these findings. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between early-life atopy and vulnerability to mental health problems among youth in the community.MethodData were drawn from the Raine Study (N= 2868), a population-based birth cohort study in Western Australia. Logistic regression and generalized estimating equations were used to examine the relationship between atopy at ages 1–5 years [using parent report and objective biological confirmation (sera IgE)], and the range of internalizing and externalizing mental health problems at ages 5–17 years.ResultsAtopy appears to be associated with increased vulnerability to affective and anxiety problems, compared to youth without atopy. These associations remained significant after adjusting for a range of potential confounders. No relationship was evident between atopy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or externalizing problems.ConclusionsFindings are the first linking atopy (measured by both parent report and objective verification) with increased vulnerability to affective and anxiety problems. Therefore, replication is required. If replicated, future research aimed at understanding the possible biological and/or social and environmental pathways underlying these links is needed. Such information could shed light on shared pathways that could lead to more effective treatments for both atopy and internalizing mental health problems.
Childhood adversity and midlife suicidal ideation
Authors: Stansfeld S. A. , Clark C. , Smuk M. , Power C. , Davidson T. , Rodgers B. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundChildhood adversity predicts adolescent suicidal ideation but there are few studies examining whether the risk of childhood adversity extends to suicidal ideation in midlife. We hypothesized that childhood adversity predicts midlife suicidal ideation and this is partially mediated by adolescent internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders and adult exposure to life events and interpersonal difficulties.MethodAt 45 years, 9377 women and men from the UK 1958 British Birth Cohort Study participated in a clinical survey. Childhood adversity was prospectively assessed at the ages of 7, 11 and 16 years. Suicidal ideation at midlife was assessed by the depressive ideas subscale of the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule. Internalizing and externalizing disorders were measured by the Rutter scales at 16 years. Life events, periods of unemployment, partnership separations and alcohol dependence were measured through adulthood.ResultsIllness in the household, paternal absence, institutional care, parental divorce and retrospective reports of parental physical and sexual abuse predicted suicidal ideation at 45 years. Three or more childhood adversities were associated with suicidal ideation at 45 years [odds ratio (OR) 4.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.67–6.94]. Psychological distress at 16 years partially mediated the associations of physical abuse (OR 3.41, 95% CI 2.29–5.75), sexual abuse (OR 4.99, 95% CI 2.90–11.16) with suicidal ideation. Adult life events partially mediated the association of parental divorce (OR 6.34, 95% CI −7.16 to 36.75) and physical (OR 9.59, 95% CI 4.97–27.88) and sexual abuse (OR 6.59, 95% CI 2.40–38.36) with suicidal ideation at 45 years.ConclusionsAdversity in childhood predicts suicidal ideation in midlife, partially mediated by adolescent internalizing and externalizing disorders, adult life events and interpersonal difficulties. Understanding the pathways from adversity to suicidal ideation can inform suicide prevention and the targeting of preventive interventions.
Prenatal maternal bereavement and mortality in the first decades of life: a nationwide cohort study from Denmark and Sweden
Authors: Yu Y. , Cnattingius S. , Olsen J. , Parner E. T. , Vestergaard M. , Liew Z. , Zhao N. , Li J. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThe loss of a close relative is one of the most stressful life events. In pregnancy, this experience has been associated with a higher risk of fetal death and under-five mortality, but little is known about potential effects on long-term mortality in offspring. We examined the association between prenatal maternal bereavement and mortality in a cohort of 5.3 million children followed until up to 37 years of age.MethodThe population-based cohort study included 5 253 508 live singleton births in Denmark (1973–2004) and Sweden (1973–2006). Children born to mothers who lost a child, spouse, sibling, or parent during or 1 year before pregnancy were categorized as exposed.ResultsPrenatal maternal bereavement was associated with a 10% increased all-cause mortality risk in offspring [mortality rate ratio (MRR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.18]. The association was the most pronounced for children of mothers who lost a child/spouse (MRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.14–1.44) and was stronger during the first 10 years of life. Prenatal maternal bereavement may have stronger effects on natural causes of death in offspring, including infectious/parasitic disease (MRR 1.86, 95% CI 1.07–3.23), endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases (MRR 3.23, 95% CI 2.02–5.17), diseases of nervous system (MRR 3.36, 95% CI 2.47–4.58), and congenital malformations (MRR 1.39, 95% CI 1.08–1.80). No excess mortality risk in offspring was observed for unnatural causes of death.ConclusionPrenatal maternal bereavement was associated with an increased long-term mortality risk in offspring, particularly for selected natural causes of diseases and medical conditions. Our results support the fetal programming hypothesis that prenatal stress may contribute to ill health from physical diseases later in life.
Optimal vaccine schedules to maintain measles elimination with a two-dose routine policy
Authors: McKEE A. , SHEA K. , FERRARI M. J. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYMeasles was eliminated in the Americas in 2002 by a combination of routine immunizations and supplementary immunization activities. Recent outbreaks underscore the importance of reconsidering vaccine policy in order to maintain elimination. We constructed an age-structured dynamical model for the distribution of immunity in a population with routine immunization and without disease, and analysed the steady state for an idealized age structure and for real age structures of countries in the Americas. We compared the level of immunity maintained by current policy in these countries to the level maintainable by an optimal policy. The optimal age target for the first routine dose of measles vaccine depends on the timing and coverage of both doses. Similarly, the optimal age target for the second dose of measles vaccine depends on the timing and coverage of the first dose. The age targets for the first and second doses of measles vaccine should be adjusted for the post-elimination era, by specifically accounting for current context, including realized coverage of both doses, and altered maternal immunity. Doing so can greatly improve the proportion immune within a population, and therefore the chances of maintaining measles elimination, without changing coverage.