bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IDE

al

: efficient and precise alias-aware dataflow analysis
Authors: Späth Johannes , Ali Karim , Bodden Eric 
Published: October 2017

Program analyses frequently track objects throughout a program, which requires reasoning about aliases. Most dataflow analysis frameworks, however, delegate the task of handling aliases to the analysis clients, which causes a number of problems. For instance, custom-made extensions for alias analysis are complex and cannot easily be reused. On the other hand, due to the complex interfaces involved, off-the-shelf alias analyses are hard to integrate precisely into clients. Lastly, for precision many clients require strong updates, and alias abstractions supporting strong updates are often relatively inefficient.
In this paper, we present IDEal, an alias-aware extension to the framework for Interprocedural Distributive Environment (IDE) problems. IDEal relieves static-analysis authors completely of the burden of handling aliases by automatically resolving alias queries on-demand, both efficiently and precisely. IDEal supports a highly precise analysis using strong updates by resorting to an on-demand, flow-sensitive, and context-sensitive all-alias analysis. Yet, it achieves previously unseen efficiency by propagating aliases individually, creating highly reusable per-pointer summaries.
We empirically evaluate IDEal by comparing TSf, a state-of-the-art typestate analysis, to TSal, an IDEal-based typestate analysis. Our experiments show that the individual propagation of aliases within IDEal enables TSal to propagate 10.4x fewer dataflow facts and analyze 10.3x fewer methods when compared to TSf. On the DaCapo benchmark suite, TSal is able to efficiently compute precise results.
In vivo beta and gamma subthreshold oscillations in rat mitral cells: origin and gating by respiratory dynamics
Authors: Fourcaud-Trocmé Nicolas , Briffaud Virginie , Thévenet Marc , Buonviso Nathalie , Amat Corine 
Published: October 2017

In mammals, olfactory bulb (OB) dynamics are paced by slow and fast oscillatory rhythms at multiple levels: local field potential, spike discharge, and/or membrane potential oscillations. Interactions between these levels have been well studied for the slow rhythm linked to animal respiration. However, less is known regarding rhythms in the fast beta (10–35 Hz) and gamma (35–100 Hz) frequency ranges, particularly at the membrane potential level. Using a combination of intracellular and extracellular recordings in the OB of freely breathing rats, we show that beta and gamma subthreshold oscillations (STOs) coexist intracellularly and are related to extracellular local field potential (LFP) oscillations in the same frequency range. However, they are differentially affected by changes in cell excitability and by odor stimulation. This leads us to suggest that beta and gamma STOs may rely on distinct mechanisms: gamma STOs would mainly depend on mitral cell intrinsic resonance, while beta STOs could be mainly driven by synaptic activity. In a second study, we find that STO occurrence and timing are constrained by the influence of the slow respiratory rhythm on mitral and tufted cells. First, respiratory-driven excitation seems to favor gamma STOs, while respiratory-driven inhibition favors beta STOs. Second, the respiratory rhythm is needed at the subthreshold level to lock gamma and beta STOs in similar phases as their LFP counterparts and to favor the correlation between STO frequency and spike discharge. Overall, this study helps us to understand how the interaction between slow and fast rhythms at all levels of OB dynamics shapes its functional output. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the mammalian olfactory bulb of a freely breathing anesthetized rat, we show that both beta and gamma membrane potential fast oscillation ranges exist in the same mitral and tufted (M/T) cell. Importantly, our results suggest they have different origins and that their interaction with the slow subthreshold oscillation (respiratory rhythm) is a key mechanism to organize their dynamics, favoring their functional implication in olfactory bulb information processing.
Saccades and reaches curve away from the other effector’s target in simultaneous eye and hand movements
Authors: Nissens Tom , Fiehler Katja 
Published: October 2017

Simultaneous eye and hand movements are highly coordinated and tightly coupled. This raises the question whether the selection of eye and hand targets relies on a shared attentional mechanism or separate attentional systems. Previous studies have revealed conflicting results by reporting evidence for both a shared as well as separate systems. Movement properties such as movement curvature can provide novel insights into this question as they provide a sensitive measure for attentional allocation during target selection. In the current study, participants performed simultaneous eye and hand movements to the same or different visual target locations. We show that both saccade and reaching movements curve away from the other effector’s target location when they are simultaneously performed to spatially distinct locations. We argue that there is a shared attentional mechanism involved in selecting eye and hand targets that may be found on the level of effector-independent priority maps. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Movement properties such as movement curvature have been widely neglected as important sources of information in investigating whether the attentional systems underlying target selection for eye and hand movements are separate or shared. We convincingly show that movement curvature is influenced by the other effector’s target location in simultaneous eye and hand movements to spatially distinct locations. Our results provide evidence for shared attentional systems involved in the selection of saccade and reach targets.
miR-34a Regulates Expression of the Stathmin-1 Oncoprotein and Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Chakravarthi Balabhadrapatruni V.S.K. , Chandrashekar Darshan S. , Agarwal Sumit , Balasubramanya Sai Akshaya Hodigere , Pathi Satya S. , Goswami Moloy T. , Jing Xiaojun , Wang Rui , Mehra Rohit , Asangani Irfan A. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Manne Upender , Sonpavde Guru , Netto George J. , Gordetsky Jennifer , Varambally Sooryanarayana 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In aggressive prostate cancers, the oncoprotein STMN1 (also known as stathmin 1 and oncoprotein 18) is often overexpressed. STMN1 is involved in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, motility, and tumor metastasis. Here, it was found that the expression of STMN1 RNA and protein is elevated in metastatic prostate cancers. Knockdown of STMN1 resulted in reduced proliferation and invasion of cells and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, miR-34a downregulated STMN1 by directly binding to its 3′-UTR. Overexpression of miR-34a in prostate cancer cells reduced proliferation and colony formation, suggesting that it is a tumor suppressor. The transcriptional corepressor C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1) negatively regulated expression of miR-34a. Furthermore, gene expression profiling of STMN1-modulated prostate cancer cells revealed molecular alterations, including elevated expression of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which is involved in cancer progression and potentially in STMN1-mediated oncogenesis. Thus, in prostate cancer, CtBP1-regulated miR-34a modulates STMN1 expression and is involved in cancer progression through the CtBP1\miR-34a\STMN1\GDF15 axis.
Implications: The CtBP1\miR-34a\STMN1\GDF15 axis is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of aggressive prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 16(7); 1125–37. ©2017 AACR.
Proatherogenic Flow Increases Endothelial Stiffness via Enhanced CD36-Mediated Uptake of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins
Authors: Le Master Elizabeth , Huang Ru-Ting , Zhang Chongxu , Bogachkov Yedida , Coles Cassandre , Shentu Tzu-Pin , Sheng Yue , Fancher Ibra S. , Ng Carlos , Christoforidis Theodore , Subbaiah Pappasani V. , Berdyshev Evgeny , Qain Zhijian , Eddington David T. , Lee James , Cho Michael , Fang Yun , Minshall Richard D. , Levitan Irena 
Published: October 2017

Objective—
Disturbed flow (DF) is well-known to induce endothelial dysfunction and synergistically with plasma dyslipidemia facilitate plaque formation. Little is known, however, about the synergistic impact of DF and dyslipidemia on endothelial biomechanics. Our goal was to determine the impact of DF on endothelial stiffness and evaluate the role of dyslipidemia/oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) in this process.

Approach and Results—
Endothelial elastic modulus of intact mouse aortas ex vivo and of human aortic endothelial cells exposed to laminar flow or DF was measured using atomic force microscopy. Endothelial monolayer of the aortic arch is found to be significantly stiffer than the descending aorta (4.2+1.1 versus 2.5+0.2 kPa for aortic arch versus descending aorta) in mice maintained on low-fat diet. This effect is significantly exacerbated by short-term high-fat diet (8.7+2.5 versus 4.5+1.2 kPa for aortic arch versus descending aorta). Exposure of human aortic endothelial cells to DF in vitro resulted in 50% increase in oxLDL uptake and significant endothelial stiffening in the presence but not in the absence of oxLDL. DF also increased the expression of oxLDL receptor CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36), whereas downregulation of CD36 abrogated DF-induced endothelial oxLDL uptake and stiffening. Furthermore, genetic deficiency of CD36 abrogated endothelial stiffening in the aortic arch in vivo in mice fed either low-fat diet or high-fat diet. We also show that the loss of endothelial stiffening in CD36 knockout aortas is not mediated by the loss of CD36 in circulating cells.

Conclusions—
DF facilitates endothelial CD36-dependent uptake of oxidized lipids resulting in local increase of endothelial stiffness in proatherogenic areas of the aorta.
Association of Persistent, Incident, and Remittent Proteinuria With Stroke Risk in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus or Prediabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wang Anxin , Jiang Ruixuan , Su Zhaoping , Zhang Jia , Zhao Xingquan , Wu Shouling , Guo Xiuhua 
Published: October 2017

Background
Proteinuria often changes dynamically, showing either regression or progression. The impact of changes in proteinuria on future stroke risk remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that changes in proteinuria would be associated with stroke risk in patients with diabetes mellitus and prediabetes mellitus.

Methods and Results

The study population included 17 380 participants with diabetes mellitus or prediabetes mellitus enrolled in a prospective Chinese cohort. From the baseline and 2‐year dipstick screening results, participants were classified as having no proteinuria or remittent, incident, or persistent proteinuria. Reduction in proteinuria was calculated as the baseline minus 2‐year proteinuria. Stroke outcomes were assessed in subsequent follow‐ups. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional‐hazards models. During a median follow‐up of 6.9 years, we identified 751 patients with stroke. Stroke risk was increased for participants with persistent (hazard ratio [HR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [
CI
], 1.18–2.30), incident (
HR
, 1.52; 95%
CI
, 1.22–1.89), and remittent (
HR
, 1.42; 95%
CI
, 1.01–2.02) proteinuria compared with those with no proteinuria. Persistent proteinuria was associated with a higher risk of stroke for participants with prediabetes mellitus (
HR
, 2.58; 95%
CI
, 1.58–4.22) compared with those with diabetes mellitus (
HR
, 1.35; 95%
CI
, 0.86–2.12 [
P
for interaction=0.0083]). Proteinuria reduction contributed to a decrease in stroke incidence (
HR
, 0.88; 95%
CI
, 0.81–0.95). The results were confirmed by sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
Persistent, incident, and remittent proteinuria are independent indicators of stroke risk in both diabetic and prediabetic populations.
Relation of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol With Microvascular Injury and Clinical Outcome in Revascularized ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Reindl Martin , Reinstadler Sebastian Johannes , Feistritzer Hans‐Josef , Theurl Markus , Basic Daniel , Eigler Christopher , Holzknecht Magdalena , Mair Johannes , Mayr Agnes , Klug Gert , Metzler Bernhard 
Published: October 2017

Background

Microvascular injury (
MVI
) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for
ST
‐elevation myocardial infarction (
STEMI
) is a major determinant of adverse clinical outcome. Experimental data indicate an impact of hypercholesterolemia on
MVI
; however, there is a lack of clinical studies confirming this relation. We aimed to investigate the association of cholesterol concentrations on admission with
MVI
visualized by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and clinical outcome in
STEMI
patients treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results

In this prospective, observational study, we included 235 consecutive revascularized
STEMI
patients. Cholesterol (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein [
LDL
], and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) and triglyceride concentrations were determined at presentation. Cardiac magnetic resonance scans were performed 2 (2–4) days after infarction to assess infarct characteristics, including
MVI
. Clinical end point was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (
MACE
) comprising all‐cause mortality, nonfatal reinfarction, and new congestive heart failure. Patients with
MVI
(n=129; 55%) showed higher levels of total cholesterol (204 [172–226] versus 185 [168–212] mg/dL;
P
=0.01) and
LDL
cholesterol (142 [113–166] versus 118 [103–149] mg/dL;
P
=0.001), whereas high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides did not differ significantly. In multivariable analysis, including all significant clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance determinants of
MVI
,
LDL
concentration emerged as an independent predictor of
MVI
(odds ratio, 1.02 [95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.02];
P
=0.002). Furthermore, increased
LDL
cholesterol (>150 mg/dL) significantly predicted the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio, 3.09 [95% confidence interval, 1.22–7.87];
P
=0.01).

Conclusions

In
STEMI
patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, baseline
LDL
cholesterol concentrations were independently associated with
MVI
, revealing a clinically relevant link between
LDL
metabolism and
MVI
in acute
STEMI
.
Short Sleep Duration, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Shiftwork, and the Risk of Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients After an Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Barger Laura K. , Rajaratnam Shantha M.W. , Cannon Christopher P. , Lukas Mary Ann , Im KyungAh , Goodrich Erica L. , Czeisler Charles A. , O'Donoghue Michelle L. 
Published: October 2017

Background
It is unknown whether short sleep duration, obstructive sleep apnea, and overnight shift work are associated with the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in patients after an acute coronary syndrome.

Methods and Results

SOLID
‐
TIMI
52 (The Stabilization of PLaques UsIng Darapladib‐Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 52 Trial) was a multinational, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial that enrolled 13 026 patients ≤30 days of acute coronary syndrome. At baseline, all patients were to complete the Berlin questionnaire to assess risk of obstructive sleep apnea and a sleep and shift work survey. Median follow‐up was 2.5 years. The primary outcome was major coronary events (
MCE
; coronary heart disease death, myocardial infarction, or urgent revascularization). Cox models were adjusted for clinical predictors. Patients who reported <6 hours sleep per night had a 29% higher risk of
MCE
(adjusted hazard ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.49;
P
<0.001) compared with those with longer sleep. Patients who screened positive for obstructive sleep apnea had a 12% higher risk of
MCE
(1.12; 1.00–1.24;
P
=0.04) than those who did not screen positive. Overnight shift work (≥3 night shifts/week for ≥1 year) was associated with a 15% higher risk of
MCE
(1.15; 1.03–1.29;
P
=0.01). A step‐wise increase in cardiovascular risk was observed for individuals with more than 1 sleep‐related risk factor. Individuals with all 3 sleep‐related risk factors had a 2‐fold higher risk of
MCE
(2.01; 1.49–2.71;
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions
Short sleep duration, obstructive sleep apnea, and overnight shift work are under‐recognized as predictors of adverse outcomes after acute coronary syndrome. Increased efforts should be made to identify, treat, and educate patients about the importance of sleep for the potential prevention of cardiovascular events.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01000727.
One-Stop Management of Acute Stroke Patients
Authors: Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Behme Daniel , Schregel Katharina , Tsogkas Ioannis , Maier Ilko L. , Leyhe Johanna Rosemarie , Zapf Antonia , Tran Julia , Bähr Mathias , Liman Jan , Knauth Michael 
Published: October 2017

Background and Purpose—
Intrahospital time delays significantly affect the neurological outcome of stroke patients with large-vessel occlusion. This study was conducted to determine whether a one-stop management can reduce intrahospital times of patients with acute large-vessel occlusion.

Methods—
In this observational study, we report the first 30 consecutive stroke patients imaged and treated in the same room. As part of our protocol, we transported patients with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≥10 directly to the angio suite, bypassing multidetector computed tomography (CT). Preinterventional imaging consisted of noncontrast flat detector CT and flat detector CT angiography, acquired with an angiography system. Patients with large-vessel occlusions remained on the angio table and were treated with mechanical thrombectomy; patients with small artery occlusions were treated with intravenous thrombolysis, whereas patients with an intracranial hemorrhage and stroke mimics were treated as per guidelines. Door-to-groin puncture times were recorded and compared with our past results.

Results—
Thirty patients were transferred directly to our angio suite from June to December 2016. The time from symptom onset to admission was 105 minutes. Ischemic stroke was diagnosed in 22 of 30 (73%) patients, 4 of 30 (13.5%) had an intracranial hemorrhage, and 4 of 30 (13.5) were diagnosed with a Todd’s paresis. Time from admission to groin puncture was 20.5 minutes. Compared with 44 patients imaged with multidetector CT in the first 6 months of 2016, door-to-groin times were significantly reduced (54.5 minutes [95% confidence interval, 47–61] versus 20.5 minutes [95% confidence interval, 17–26]).

Conclusions—
In this small series, a one-stop management protocol of selected stroke patients using latest generation flat detector CT led to a significant reduction of intrahospital times.
Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Corneal Nerve Damage in Patients Admitted With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Khan Adnan , Akhtar Naveed , Kamran Saadat , Ponirakis Georgios , Petropoulos Ioannis N. , Tunio Nahel A. , Dargham Soha R. , Imam Yahia , Sartaj Faheem , Parray Aijaz , Bourke Paula , Khan Rabia , Santos Mark , Joseph Sujatha , Shuaib Ashfaq , Malik Rayaz A. 
Published: October 2017

Background and Purpose—
Corneal confocal microscopy can identify corneal nerve damage in patients with peripheral and central neurodegeneration. However, the use of corneal confocal microscopy in patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke is unknown.

Methods—
One hundred thirty patients (57 without diabetes mellitus [normal glucose tolerance], 32 with impaired glucose tolerance, and 41 with type 2 diabetes mellitus) admitted with acute ischemic stroke, and 28 age-matched healthy control participants underwent corneal confocal microscopy to quantify corneal nerve fiber density, corneal nerve branch density, and corneal nerve fiber length.

Results—

There was a significant reduction in corneal nerve fiber density, corneal nerve branch density, and corneal nerve fiber length in stroke patients with normal glucose tolerance (
P
<0.001,
P
<0.001,
P
<0.001), impaired glucose tolerance (
P
=0.004,
P
<0.001,
P
=0.002), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (
P
<0.001,
P
<0.001,
P
<0.001) compared with controls. HbA1c and triglycerides correlated with corneal nerve fiber density (
r
=−0.187,
P
=0.03;
r
=−0.229
P
=0.01), corneal nerve fiber length (
r
=−0.228,
P
=0.009;
r
=−0.285;
P
=0.001), and corneal nerve branch density (
r
=−0.187,
P
=0.033;
r
=−0.229,
P
=0.01). Multiple linear regression showed no independent associations between corneal nerve fiber density, corneal nerve branch density, and corneal nerve fiber length and relevant risk factors for stroke.

Conclusions—
Corneal confocal microscopy is a rapid noninvasive ophthalmic imaging technique that identifies corneal nerve fiber loss in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection and identification of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, B. mucronatus and B. fraudulentus – three closely related species within the xylophilus group
Authors: Filipiak Anna , Wieczorek Przemysław , Tomalak Marek 
Published: October 2017

Differentiation between Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other related, non-pathogenic species can be ambiguous when based exclusively on morphological characters. The morphology of B. mucronatus and B. fraudulentus most closely resembles that of B. xylophilus. Moreover, all of these nematodes are found in both Asia and Europe and can colonise various species of pine. Therefore, for phytosanitary purposes it is necessary to identify the three species precisely and rapidly. We report the results of a multiplex PCR that utilises four primers to identify and discriminate the three Bursaphelenchus species simultaneously. The multiplex PCR yielded DNA fragments of 767, 305 and 132 bp, for B. xylophilus, B. mucronatus and B. fraudulentus, respectively. This primer combination has produced reliable results in multiplex PCR assays with a number of different populations of the listed species, and no cross-reactions were observed with other Bursaphelenchus species. The described approach is simple, reliable and cheaper than other molecular methods presently used for simultaneous identification of the above three species within the xylophilus group.
Widening of the Hadley Cell from Last Glacial Maximum to Future Climate
Authors: Son Seok-Woo , Kim Seo-Yeon , Min Seung-Ki 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The Hadley cell (HC) change from paleoclimate to future climate is examined by comparing coupled model simulations archived for the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project phase 3 (PMIP3) and phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Specifically, HC width and strength are evaluated using 100-yr equilibrium simulations for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), preindustrial (PI), and extended concentration pathway 4.5 (ECP4.5) conditions. Where available, ECP8.5 simulations are also examined to increase the sample size. All models show a systematic widening of the HC from the LGM to the PI and to the ECP4.5 and ECP8.5 simulations. Such widening, which is found in both hemispheres with more robust change in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) than in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), is significantly correlated with global-mean surface air temperature change and the associated static stability change in the subtropics. Based on the zero-crossing latitude of 500-hPa mass streamfunction, about 4.5° latitude widening of the HC results from global warming of 10°C. HC strength also exhibits a systematic weakening in the NH. However, in the SH, HC strength shows a rather minor change from LGM to ECP4.5 conditions because of the cancellation between HC weakening during the austral summer–fall and its strengthening during the spring. This result, which suggests no systematic relationship between HC width and strength changes, is discussed in the context of quasigeostrophic zonal-mean dynamics. Overall findings are also compared with recent studies that are based on transient climate model simulations.