bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interlobar Artery Resistive Index predicts Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Syndrome in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Decompensation
Authors: Solís-Muñoz Pablo , Willars Christopher , Wendon Julia , Auzinger George , Heneghan Michael , De la Flor-Robledo Maria , Solís-Herruzo José 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction Patients with acutely decompensated (AD) cirrhosis are at risk for developing acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) syndrome. This syndrome is associated with a high short-term mortality rate. The aim of our study was to identify reliable early predictors of developing ACLF in cirrhotic patients with AD.
Patients and Methods We assessed 84 cirrhotic patients admitted for AD without ACLF on admission. We performed routine blood testing and detailed ultrasound Doppler studies of systemic arteries and mayor abdominal veins and arteries. We also calculated liver-specific and intensive care unit predictive scores. The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) was calculated for all variables that were significantly different between patients who developed ACLF and those who did not. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, as well as diagnostic accuracy predicting the short-term development of ACLF were determined.
Results of the 84 patients, 23 developed ACLF whereas 61 did not. In the univariate analysis, serum levels of creatinine and urea, prothrombin time ratio, MELD score, portal vein and femoral artery flow velocity as well as the renal and interlobar artery resistive indices (RI) were associated with the short-term development of ACLF. However, only interlobar artery RI had independent predictive value in the multivariate analysis. The AUROC value for RI of the interlobar arteries was 0.9971.
Conclusion On the first day of admission, ultrasound measurement of the RI of the interlobar arteries recognizes with high predictive accuracy those cirrhotic patients admitted with AD who will develop ACLF during hospital admission.
Economic inequality increases risk taking
Authors: Payne B. Keith , Brown-Iannuzzi Jazmin L. , Hannay Jason W. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Income inequality is rising around the world. Increased income inequality has been linked with higher rates of crime, greater debt, and poorer health, but the mechanisms linking inequality to poor outcomes among individuals are poorly understood. This research tested a behavioral account linking inequality to individual decision making. The account suggests that more unequal outcomes lead people to perceive that they need more resources to be satisfied. Higher perceived needs, in turn, motivate greater risk taking to meet those needs. Results of three experiments and an analysis of large-scale internet search data supported the proposed account. Results suggest that inequality may promote a range of poor outcomes, in part, by increasing risky behavior.
Autonomous sweat extraction and analysis applied to cystic fibrosis and glucose monitoring using a fully integrated wearable platform
Authors: Emaminejad Sam , Gao Wei , Wu Eric , Davies Zoe A. , Yin Yin Nyein Hnin , Challa Samyuktha , Ryan Sean P. , Fahad Hossain M. , Chen Kevin , Shahpar Ziba , Talebi Salmonn , Milla Carlos , Javey Ali , Davis Ronald W. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
The inherent inaccessibility of sweat in sedentary individuals in large volume (≥10 µL) for on-demand and in situ analysis has limited our ability to capitalize on this noninvasive and rich source of information. Through devising an electrochemically enhanced, programmable, and miniaturized iontophoresis interface, integrated in a wearable sensing platform, we demonstrated a method for periodic sweat extraction and in situ analysis. The system can be programmed to induce sweat with various secretion profiles, which in combination with the in situ analysis capability allow us to gain real-time insight into the sweat-secretion and gland physiology. To demonstrate the clinical value of our platform, human subject studies were performed in the context of the cystic fibrosis diagnosis and preliminary investigation of the blood/sweat glucose correlation.
Hippo pathway mediates resistance to cytotoxic drugs
Authors: Gujral Taranjit S. , Kirschner Marc W. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Cytotoxic therapy is still the backbone of effective chemotherapy, although most current pharmaceutical interest is in targeted therapy. Our findings concern a general adaptive response of cells that causes resistance to gemcitabine and 15 other FDA-approved cytotoxic drugs when cells are grown at high density. Although on the surface cell confluence seems like it could be an irrelevant property of cells in culture, our work shows that it is very relevant to tumors in mice and retrospectively to the success of chemotherapy in humans. On a fundamental cell biological level, these studies identify a previously unappreciated function of the enigmatic Hippo pathway, which controls this response. “Switching-off” this pathway could present an opportunity to overcome drug resistance in pancreatic cancer.
Structural basis for the regulation of phytohormone receptors
Authors: Miyakawa Takuya , Tanokura Masaru 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPhytohormones are central players in diverse plant physiological events, such as plant growth, development, and environmental stress and defense responses. The elucidation of their regulatory mechanisms through phytohormone receptors could facilitate the generation of transgenic crops with cultivation advantages and the rational design of growth control chemicals. During the last decade, accumulated structural data on phytohormone receptors have provided critical insights into the molecular mechanisms of phytohormone perception and signal transduction. Here, we review the structural bases of phytohormone recognition and receptor activation. As a common feature, phytohormones regulate the interaction between the receptors and their respective target proteins (also called co-receptors) by two types of regulatory mechanisms, acting as either “molecular glue” or an “allosteric regulator.” However, individual phytohormone receptors adopt specific structural features that are essential for activation. In addition, recent studies have focused on the molecular diversity of redundant phytohormone receptors.
Degradation of staphylococcal enterotoxin A by aPseudomonas aeruginosaisolate from raw milk
Authors: Fujikawa Hiroshi , Nagaoka Kentaro , Arai Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRecently, we found that staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA)-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains produced SEA in raw milk with microbial contaminants at high temperatures like 40 °C only. Moreover, the concentration of SEA produced in raw milk gradually decreased after the peak. The reason(s) for SEA degradation in raw milk was studied in this study. Degradation of SEA spiked in raw milk was observed at 40 °C, but not at 25 °C. A Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from raw milk degraded SEA spiked in broth at 40 °C. A sample partially purified with a chromatographic method from culture supernatant of the isolate degraded SEA. Two main proteolytic bands were observed in the sample by zymographic analysis with casein. These results suggested that the SEA in raw milk might be degraded by a protease(s) produced by the P. aeruginosa isolate. This finding might be the first report on SEA degradation by a proteolytic enzyme(s) derived from Pseudomonas bacteria to our knowledge.
Linking the X3D Pathway to Integral Field Spectrographs: YSNR 1E 0102.2-7219 in the SMC as a Case Study
Authors: Vogt Frédéric P. A. , Seitenzahl Ivo R. , Dopita Michael A. , Ruiter Ashley J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The concept of the x3d pathway was introduced by Vogt et al. as a new approach to sharing and publishing three-dimensional structures interactively in online scientific journals. The core characteristics of the x3d pathway are that: (1) it does not rely on specific software, but rather a file format (x3d), (2) it can be implemented using fully open-source tools, and (3) article readers can access the interactive models using most main stream web browsers without the need for any additional plugins. In this article, we further demonstrate the potential of the x3d pathway to visualize data sets from optical integral field spectrographs. We use recent observations of the oxygen-rich young supernova remnant 1E 0102.2-7219 in the Small Magellanic Cloud to implement additional x3dom tools & techniques and expand the range of interactions that can be offered to article readers. In particular, we present a set of javascript functions allowing the creation and interactive handling of clip planes, effectively allowing users to take measurements of distances and angles directly from the interactive model itself.
The Rise of Domestic Outsourcing and the Evolution of the German Wage Structure*
Authors: Goldschmidt Deborah , Schmieder Johannes F. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The nature of the relationship between employers and employees has been changing over the past three decades, with firms increasingly relying on contractors, temp agencies, and franchises rather than hiring employees directly. We investigate the impact of this transformation on the wage structure by following jobs that are moved outside the boundary of lead employers to contracting firms. We develop a new method for identifying outsourcing of food, cleaning, security, and logistics services in administrative data using the universe of social security records in Germany. We document a dramatic growth of domestic outsourcing in Germany since the early 1990s. Event-study analyses show that wages in outsourced jobs fall by approximately 10–15% relative to similar jobs that are not outsourced. We find evidence that the wage losses associated with outsourcing stem from a loss of firm-specific rents, suggesting that labor cost savings are an important reason firms choose to contract out these services. Finally, we tie the increase in outsourcing activity to broader changes in the German wage structure, in particular showing that outsourcing of cleaning, security, and logistics services alone accounts for around 9% of the increase in German wage inequality since the 1980s.
Outcome of Cochlear Implantation in Prelingually Deafened Children According to Molecular Genetic Etiology
Authors: Park Joo Hyun , Kim Ah Reum , Han Jin Hee , Kim Seong Dong , Kim Shin Hye , Koo Ja-Won , Oh Seung Ha , Choi Byung Yoon 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
About 60% of Korean pediatric cochlear implantees could be genetically diagnosed (GD) and we previously reported that a substantial portion of undiagnosed cases by deafness gene panel sequencing were predicted to have a nongenetic or complex etiology. We aimed to compare the outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) in GD and genetically undiagnosed (GUD) patients and attempted to determine CI outcomes according to etiology.

Design:
Ninety-three pediatric cochlear implantees underwent molecular genetic testing. Fifty-seven patients carried pathogenic variants and 36 patients remained GUD after panel sequencing of 204 known or potential deafness genes (TRS-204). Among them, 55 cochlear implantees with reliable speech evaluation results with a follow-up of longer than 24 months were recruited. Longitudinal changes in the audiologic performance were compared between the GD (n = 31) and GUD (n = 24) groups. The GD group was subdivided into cochlear implantee with SLC26A4 mutations (group 1) and cochlear implantee with other genetic etiology (group 2), and the GUD group was subdivided into groups 3 and 4, that is, patients with or without inner ear anomaly, respectively.

Results:
Group 1 related to SLC26A4 mutations had the highest categories of auditory perception scores among all groups pre- and postoperatively. Group 4 with inner ear anomaly had the lowest categories of auditory perception scores. At 24 months post-CI, the group 2 with another genetic etiology had significantly better outcomes than molecularly undiagnosed group 3, which had with the same condition as group 2 except that the candidate gene was not detected. This finding was recapitulated when we limited cases to those that underwent CI before 24 months of age to minimize age-related bias at implantation. Furthermore, on extending the follow-up to 36 months postoperatively, this tendency became more prominent. Additionally, our preliminary clinical data suggest a narrower sensitive window period for good CI outcomes for implantees with OTOF mutation rather than the GJB2 and other genes.

Conclusions:
Current molecular genetic testing including deafness panel sequencing helps to predict the 2-year follow-up outcomes after CI in prelingually deafened children. GD cochlear implantees show better functional outcomes after CI than undiagnosed cochlear implantees as determined by deafness panel sequencing, suggesting a genotype-functional outcome correlation. The genetic testing may provide a customized optimal window period in terms of CI timing for favorable outcome according to genetic etiology.
Erythema Induratum
Authors: Tran Bao Anh Patrick , Alexander Tiffany , Chen Wen , Maiberger Mary 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Erythema induratum is a rare granulomatous lobular panniculitis that most commonly affects women in their 40s. The term “erythema induratum of Bazin” refers to the tuberculosis-associated lesions, and “erythema induratum of Whitfield” refers to lesions that are nontuberculous. It presents as tender erythematous subcutaneous nodules on the lower extremities. Other conditions such as erythema nodosum should be ruled out. Histologically, erythema induratum is described as a lobular panniculitis and may include vasculitis. There have been few reported cases in the United States. In this case report, we will discuss the clinical features, histopathology, differential diagnosis, and management of erythema induratum.
The Benefit of Pro Re Nata Antiemetics Provided With Guideline-Consistent Antiemetics in Delayed Nausea Control
Authors: Rha Sun Young , Sohn Joohyuk , Kim Gun Min , Kim Hye Ryun , Lee Jiyeon 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Delayed nausea after chemotherapy remains a symptom of interest. Clinicians often provide additional and/or pro re nata (p.r.n.) antiemetics with guideline-consistent antiemetics in an attempt to achieve further symptom control. Whether the usage of additional and/or p.r.n. antiemetics provide added benefit remains as a question.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to determine the benefit of providing additional antiemetics and/or p.r.n. antiemetics with guideline-consistent antiemetics in the control of nausea, functioning, and quality of life (QOL).

Methods:
A secondary data analysis of 143 breast cancer patients who received guideline-consistent antiemetics for anthracycline and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy was conducted. Instruments included vomiting frequency and nausea intensity items of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer Antiemesis Tool and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire–C30.

Results:
Providing p.r.n. antiemetics alleviated the incidence of significant nausea (intensity, ≥3) in the delayed phase. The experience of nausea contributed to symptom incidence in the next phase and cycle. The intensity of delayed nausea demonstrated a moderate negative correlation with physical and role functioning and global health/QOL.

Conclusion:
Providing patients with strategies to further control nausea (p.r.n. antiemetics) in addition to guideline-consistent antiemetics is recommended for practice. Because the nausea experience contributes to symptom incidence in the next phase and cycle and because the nausea intensity demonstrated a significant relationship with function and global health/QOL, proactive supportive approaches are strongly recommended.

Implications for Practice:
Delayed nausea control may be improved by adhering to guideline-consistent antiemetics and using p.r.n. antiemetics. Delayed nausea control would contribute to patients' functioning and QOL.
An Evaluation of a New Debriefing Framework: REFLECT
Authors: Zinns Lauren E. , Mullan Paul C. , O'Connell Karen J. , Ryan Leticia M. , Wratney Angela T. 
Published: April 2017

Background
Postresuscitation debriefing (PRD) is recommended by the American Heart Association guidelines but is infrequently performed. Prior studies have identified barriers for pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows including lack of a standardized curriculum.

Objective
Our objective was to create and assess the feasibility of a time-limited, structured PRD framework entitled REFLECT: Review the event, Encourage team participation, Focused feedback, Listen to each other, Emphasize key points, Communicate clearly, and Transform the future.

Methods
Each PEM fellow (n = 9) at a single center was a team leader of a pre-intervention and post-intervention videotaped, simulated resuscitation followed by a facilitated team PRD. Our intervention was a 2-hour interactive, educational workshop on debriefing and the use of the REFLECT debriefing aid. Videos of the pre-intervention and post-intervention debriefings were blindly analyzed by video reviewers to assess for the presence of debriefing characteristics contained in the REFLECT debriefing aid. PEM fellow and team member assessments of the debriefings were completed after each pre-intervention and post-intervention simulation, and written evaluations by PEM fellows and team members were analyzed.

Results
All 9 PEM fellows completed the study. There was an improvement in the pre-intervention and post-intervention assessment of the REFLECT debriefing characteristics as determined by fellow perception (63% to 83%, P < 0.01) and team member perception (63% to 82%, P < 0.001). All debriefings lasted less than 5 minutes. There was no statistical difference between pre-intervention and post-intervention debriefing time (P = 1.00).

Conclusions
REFLECT is a feasible debriefing aid designed to incorporate evidence-based characteristics into a PRD.
Diagnosis of a Posterior Fracture Dislocation of the Medial Clavicle in an Adolescent With Point-of-Care Ultrasound
Authors: Halm Brunhild M. , Chaudoin Lindsey T. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We report a case of an adolescent patient with medial clavicular tenderness after a fall on the lateral left shoulder. Initial radiographs did not reveal a fracture or dislocation. Point-of-care ultrasound was used to diagnose a posterior clavicular fracture dislocation.
Quantification of inter-sample differences in T cell receptor sequences
Authors: Yokota Ryo , Kaminaga Yuki , Kobayashi Tetsuya J. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTInter-sample comparisons of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire are crucial for gaining a better understanding into the immunological states determined by different collections of T cells from different donor sites, cell types, and genetic and pathological backgrounds. As a theoretical approach for the quantitative comparison, previous studies utilized the Poisson abundance models and the conventional methods in ecology, which focus on the abundance distribution of observed TCR sequences. However, these methods ignore the details of the measured sequences and are consequently unable to identify sub-repertoires that might have the contributions to the observed inter-sample differences. In this paper, we propose a new comparative approach based on TCR sequence information, which can estimate the low-dimensional structure by projecting the pairwise sequence dissimilarities in high-dimensional sequence space. The inter-sample differences are then quantified according to information-theoretic measures among the distributions of data estimated in the embedded space. Using an actual dataset of TCR sequences in transgenic mice that have strong restrictions on somatic recombination, we demonstrate that our proposed method can accurately identify the inter-sample hierarchical structure, which is consistent with that estimated by previous methods based on abundance or count information. Moreover, we identified the key sequences that contribute to the pairwise sample differences. Such identification of the sequences contributing to variation in immune cell repertoires may provide substantial insight for the development of new immunotherapies and vaccines.
Full- and part-time wage differences in Spain: an analysis along the wage distribution
Authors: Simon Hipolito , Sanroma Esteban , Ramos Raul 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine wage differences between part- and full-time workers distinguishing by gender by using a large Spanish matched employer-employee data set and an econometric decomposition that permits to decompose wage differences by quantiles of the wage distribution.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on cross-section matched employer-employee microdata from a large representative survey (theEncuesta de Estructura Salarial) which is carried out with a harmonised methodology common to all European Union member countries and that has been designed specifically to provide reliable evidence about characteristics of the wage distribution such us wage differentials associated with the type of working time. From a methodological point of view, the econometric decomposition technique proposed recently by Fortinet al.(2011) to decompose wage differences between part-time and full-time workers by quantiles of the wage distribution is applied. This methodology has the advantage over similar techniques that provides a detailed decomposition of wage differentials and has not been used before to examine the wage impact of part-time jobs.FindingsThe results show that the significant raw wage gap that part-time workers experience in Spain differs substantially along the wage distribution. In the case of part-time females, the wage disadvantage is mostly explained by their relative endowments of characteristics (and particularly by their lower endowments of human capital and their segregation into low-wage sectors) but a significant wage penalty still persists, increasing along the wage distribution. In the case of males the wage disadvantage is only found in the lower part of the distribution and it is due both to their worst endowments of characteristics and a significant wage penalty.Research limitations/implicationsThe evidence for Spain shows that the part-time work tends to affect differently to the wages of males and females, with a higher part-time penalty for males, as predicted by the “flexibility stigma” hypothesis, and penalising low-qualified men in the lower part of the wage distribution and high-qualified women in the upper part of the distribution the most.Originality/valueThe analysis contributes to the literature by examining wage differences along the wage distribution for both genders using econometric decomposition methods, an aspect that to the authors’ knowledge has been examined only scarcely in the international literature with non-conclusive evidence and has not been examined in previous studies for the Spanish case. In this vein, Spain is a particularly interesting analysis case from an international perspective of the wage consequences of part-time jobs, given that in contrast with most other advanced countries a majority of part-time employment in this country is involuntary and this phenomenon is especially affecting disadvantaged groups.