bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-driven discovery of dynamics from time-resolved coherent scattering
Authors: Andrejevic Nina , Zhou Tao , Zhang Qingteng , Narayanan Suresh , Cherukara Mathew J. , Chan Maria K. Y. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCoherent X-ray scattering (CXS) techniques are capable of interrogating dynamics of nano- to mesoscale materials systems at time scales spanning several orders of magnitude. However, obtaining accurate theoretical descriptions of complex dynamics is often limited by one or more factors—the ability to visualize dynamics in real space, computational cost of high-fidelity simulations, and effectiveness of approximate or phenomenological models. In this work, we develop a data-driven framework to uncover mechanistic models of dynamics directly from time-resolved CXS measurements without solving the phase reconstruction problem for the entire time series of diffraction patterns. Our approach uses neural differential equations to parameterize unknown real-space dynamics and implements a computational scattering forward model to relate real-space predictions to reciprocal-space observations. This method is shown to recover the dynamics of several computational model systems under various simulated conditions of measurement resolution and noise. Moreover, the trained model enables estimation of long-term dynamics well beyond the maximum observation time, which can be used to inform and refine experimental parameters in practice. Finally, we demonstrate an experimental proof-of-concept by applying our framework to recover the probe trajectory from a ptychographic scan. Our proposed framework bridges the wide existing gap between approximate models and complex data.
Consonant lengthening marks the beginning of words across a diverse sample of languages
Authors: Blum Frederic , Paschen Ludger , Forkel Robert , Fuchs Susanne , Seifart Frank 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSpeech consists of a continuous stream of acoustic signals, yet humans can segment words and other constituents from each other with astonishing precision. The acoustic properties that support this process are not well understood and remain understudied for the vast majority of the world’s languages, in particular regarding their potential variation. Here we report cross-linguistic evidence for the lengthening of word-initial consonants across a typologically diverse sample of 51 languages. Using Bayesian multilevel regression, we find that on average, word-initial consonants are about 13 ms longer than word-medial consonants. The cross-linguistic distribution of the effect indicates that despite individual differences in the phonology of the sampled languages, the lengthening of word-initial consonants is a widespread strategy to mark the onset of words in the continuous acoustic signal of human speech. These findings may be crucial for a better understanding of the incremental processing of speech and speech segmentation.
Geochemical baseline establishment and accumulation characteristics of soil heavy metals in Sabaochaqu watershed at the source of Yangtze River, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Liu Jiufen , Gong Cang , Tan Changhai , Wen Lang , Li Ziqi , Liu Xiaohuang , Yang Zhongfang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe establishment of soil geochemical baseline and heavy metal pollution assessment in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is of great significance for guiding environmental management in the high-cold and high-altitude regions. A total of 126 topsoil samples (0–20 cm) were collected and the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, As and Hg were determined in the Sabaochaqu basin of the Tuotuo River, the source of the Yangtze River, in the Tibetan Plateau. The baseline values of 8 heavy metals were determined by mathematical statistics, iterative 2times standard deviation method, cumulative frequency and reference element standardization, and the soil heavy metal pollution in the study area was assessed by enrichment factor method and pollution index method. The results showed that the average contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were 31.84, 0.29, 66.07, 17.35, 0.021, 27.86, 49.35 and 88.56 mg/kg, respectively. Baseline values were 22.24, 0.217, 64.16, 15.69, 0.0191, 26.46, 34.91, and 68.62 mg/kg, respectively. There is a great difference between the baseline value of soil heavy metals in study area and the Xizang soil background value, especially the baseline value of Cd was 2.68 times of its background value. The results of the pollution evaluation based on the baseline values showed that the 8 heavy metals were slightly enriched, and the overall pollution status was light pollution, and measures should be taken to control and manage them. The research results can provide a reference value for the evaluation of soil heavy metal pollution in the source region of the Yangtze River, and also provide a theoretical basis for the construction of soil heavy metal baseline values in similar high-cold and high-altitude regions.
Effect of silver nanoparticles and REP-PCR typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various sources
Authors: Elghazaly Eman M. , Torky Helmy A. , Tawfik Rasha Gomaa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis is the primary study at Matrouh Governorate to unveil antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) effect using electron microscopy, and REP-PCR analysis of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from COVID-19 patients, contaminated food, and Morel’s diseased sheep and goats. A total of 15 S. aureus strains were isolated; five from each of the COVID-19 patients, Morel's diseased sheep and goats, and contaminated food. All strains were considered multidrug-resistant (MDR). All strains showed the presence of biofilm. Morphological changes in the cell surface of the bacterium were evidenced, and penetration with the rupture of some bacterial cells. Based on REP-PCR analysis, 4 clusters (C1-C4) with dissimilarity between clusters C1 and C2 8% and between C3 and C4 15%. Cluster I included 3 strains from contaminated food with a similarity of 97%, and Cluster II included 2 strains from contaminated food and 2 from COVID-19-infected patients with a similarity of 96% (confirming the zoonotic nature of this pathogen). Cluster III contained 4 strains isolated from Morel's diseased sheep & goats with a similarity ratio of 99% in comparison the 4th cluster contained 3 strains isolated from COVID-patients and one from Morel's diseased sheep & goats with a similarity ratio of 92%.
Sustainable production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using magnesium oxide nano catalyst: An optimization study
Authors: Farouk Sabah Mohamed , Tayeb Aghareed M. , Osman Randa M. , Abdel-Hamid Shereen M. S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiodiesel is rapidly becoming an efficient substitute for fuel and a potentially significant future renewable energy source. In recent years, used cooking oil has been used as a feedstock for biofuel to reduce production costs. Due to its high catalytic activity, low cost, and eco-friendliness, Nano magnesium oxide (MgO) has attracted attention as a catalyst for biodiesel production. Our work presents the preparation of nanomagnesium oxide (MgO) by the sol–gel method, and its characterization. Optimum conditions and the productive combination of waste cooking oil, methanol, and the synthesized nanocatalyst were predicted using response surface methodology. The optimum conditions were methanol to oil ratio of 7:1, temperature of 50 °C and time of 60 min. The expected values for the yield of biodiesel production responses are quite like the actual values, demonstrating the consistency of the models used for establishing a relationship between the independent process variables and the responses. The predicted model's F-value was 9.09 indicating that the model is significant. The model's pure error had a poor correlation, as the "Lack of Fit F-values” 4.16. The quadratic model fits the data well because the R-squared value for the model equation 92%. The expected values for the yield of biodiesel production responses are quite like the actual values, demonstrating the consistency of the models used for establishing a relationship between the independent process variables and the responses. Biodiesel was characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Towards MnN as a replacement for IrMn
Authors: Frost William , Alsaud Fatimah , Lawrence Robert A. , Probert Matt , Fernandez Gonzalo Vallejo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is an urgent need to identify new antiferromagnetic materials that offer a replacement for IrMn alloys for room temperature and above applications. This is driven by the scarcity and high cost of Ir. Recently, MnN with {002} texture grown on a Ta seed layer has been proposed as a cost-effective alternative. However, two key issues need to be addressed before this material can be considered a realistic alternative to IrMn: thick layers of approximately 30 nm are required due to its relatively low magnetocrystalline anisotropy and nitrogen diffusion into the Ta layer at relatively low temperatures results in poor temperature performance. In this work, we show a potential pathway to overcome these issues. By using a W rather than a Ta seed layer, N diffusion is minimized, if not eliminated, at temperatures exceeding $$300\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$

300

∘

C

. Furthermore, preferential {111} growth is achieved and a significantly enhanced anisotropy, $$2.6 \cdot 10^{6}\,\hbox {erg}/\hbox {cm}^{3}$$

2.6
·

10
6

erg
/

cm
3

, has been measured. This value is almost identical to that measured for 3D randomly oriented IrMn.
Impact of nano Fe2O3 on radiation parameters of epoxy reinforced with nano carbon
Authors: Khalil Mona M. , Gouda Mona M. , Abbas Mahmoud I. , Abd-Elzaher Mohamed , El-Khatib Ahmed M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effectiveness of iron oxide (Fe2O3) and carbon black in micro and nanoscales incorporated into an epoxy adhesive matrix for gamma-ray attenuation. The composites were prepared via a simple and cost-effective synthesis method. The grain size of powder NPs was measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the particle size was about 20 ± 5 nm and 31.46 ± 2 nm for carbon and Fe2O3, respectively. The morphological properties were characterized by a scanning electron microscope, which indicated the excellent dispersion of NPs, which blocked almost all pores of the composite and increased the capability of radiation attenuation. In addition, the chemical composition of samples using energy dispersive X-rays (EDX) and the compressive strength were measured. Furthermore, the linear and mass attenuation coefficients were determined experimentally for incident photon energies of 59.51–1408.01 keV emitted from γ-ray sources using the sodium iodide scintillation detector NaI. A comparison was conducted between the experimental data and theoretical results that obtained from XCOM software, examined the validity of the experimental results. The relation deviation rate was found to vary between 0.0008 and 2.83%. Furthermore, the measurement of the relation deviation rate between the linear attenuation coefficients of micro and nano composites revealed a range of values between 1 and 25%. Also, shielding parameters such as half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective atomic number (Zeff) were measured. Moreover, the equivalent atomic number (Zeq), absorption, and exposure buildup factors for prepared samples were calculated. The results showed that the incorporation of Fe2O3 NPs enhanced the shielding capability of the composites, as evidenced by the significant reduction in gamma-ray transmission. The composite materials exhibited excellent mechanical strength, making them suitable for practical applications in radiation shielding. Furthermore, it was determined that the elevation in N-Fe2O3 concentration resulted in a direct increase in the linear attenuation coefficient, from 0.314 to 0.519 cm−1 at 0.5951 MeV and from 0.099 to 0.124 cm−1 at 0.662 MeV. Nevertheless, a slight increase was discerned in the identified mass attenuation coefficients at 0.1332 and 0.1408 MeV. The experimental data for MFP, HVL, and TVL demonstrate that the EFeC4 sample exhibits optimal performance, with values of 1.9, 1.3, and 4.4 cm at 0.5951 MeV, and at 0.661 MeV, the values are 8.04, 5.57, and 18.52 cm, while at 0.1408 MeV, the values are 12.06, 8.36, and 27.78 cm, respectively. Overall, this research highlights the potential of iron oxide-carbon/epoxy composites as efficient and reliable materials for gamma-ray protection in various fields, including nuclear power plants, medical facilities, and space exploration.
3D printed teeth with adhesive bridge preparation guide
Authors: del Hougne Michael , Behr Greta , Schmitter Marc , Höhne Christian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study a 3D printed tooth with adhesive bridge preparation guide was designed and tested for feasibility and evaluated by students. The tooth, printed by a stereolithographic printer, consisted of two differently colored layers with an integrated adhesive bridge preparation. This showed the extent and thickness of the preparation. 42 dental students in the fourth year of their studies were trained in a voluntary course. The printed teeth were evaluated with a questionnaire using German school grades from 1 (best) to 6 (worst). The production of the printed teeth for the adhesive bridge preparation was feasible and inexpensive. Overall, the students rated the teeth as good (Ø1.9 ± 0.2) in the questionnaire and evaluated the teaching method positively in the free text questions. This method supported the students to visualize the target preparation and develop a self-assessment through the ability to control their work directly on their own. The feasibility of this teaching concept was confirmed. It is suitable for teaching of new preparations forms such as adhesive bridges. The color-coded integrated preparation in the printed teeth and the printed tooth model enabled the students to learn the preparation of an adhesive bridge independently.
Selection of Conditions for the Synthesis of Methacrylate Monomers Based on Adamantane
Authors: Novikov Alexander S. , Malkov Georgiy V. , Akkuratov Alexander V. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdamantane-based methacrylates are important monomers for the design of polymers used for the development of chemically amplified photoresists. Herein, we present the selection of reaction conditions for obtaining of 2-ethyladamantan-2-yl methacrylate, 2-methyladamantan-2-yl methacrylate, adamantan-1-yl methacrylate, and 3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl methacrylate from adamantane derivatives and methacryloyl chloride. It is shown that the combination of pyridine as a solvent and base with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as a base allows reproducible preparation of the desired products with good yields. The results obtained provide valuable information for upscaling the synthesis of important products for the microelectronics industry.
How Does Aversion to Insects Intersect with Sustainable Production and Consumption?
Authors: Manning Paul , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Damage by insect pests reduces the quantity and quality of harvestable food, making pest management a major challenge for sustainable food production. Perception of insects in association with food is known to cause negative emotions including disgust and fear. These negative emotional responses are likely to alter perception and reduce enjoyment of food. Here, we introduce the concept of insect pests and highlight some of the ways that pests reduce the quality and quantity of harvestable food. Next, we discuss the different sensory properties of food, emotional responses to food and how different factors can impact humans’ perception of food products. Finally, we share the results of our study where the intersection of disgust and sensory perception is explored through an exploration of the blueberry maggot (
Rhagoletis mendax
), a fly that lays eggs in ripening blueberries. Collectively this work demonstrates that merely learning about the existence of an insect pest negatively impacts the perception of fresh fruit, in terms of taste characteristics, and emotional response. These results reinforce the necessity of effective pest management to ensure that consumers maintain a positive affinity towards foods.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Impacts of bus holding strategy on the performance and pollutant emissions of a two-lane mixed traffic system
Authors: Qiao 乔 Yanfeng 延峰 , Yao 姚 Ronghan 荣涵 , Pan 潘 Baofeng 宝峰 , Xue 薛 Yu 郁 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the impacts of a bus holding strategy on the mutual interference between buses and passenger cars in a non-dedicated bus route, as well as the impacts on the characteristics of pollutant emissions of passenger cars. The dynamic behaviors of these two types of vehicles are described using cellular automata (CA) models under open boundary conditions. Numerical simulations are carried out to obtain the phase diagrams of the bus system and the trajectories of buses and passenger cars before and after the implementation of the bus holding strategy under different probabilities of passenger cars entering a two-lane mixed traffic system. Then, we analyze the flow rate, satisfaction rate, and pollutant emission rates of passenger cars together with the performance of a mixed traffic system. The results show that the bus holding strategy can effectively alleviate bus bunching, whereas it has no significant impact on the flow rate and pollutant emission rates of passenger cars; the flow rate, satisfaction rate, and pollutant emission rates of passenger cars for either the traffic system or for each lane are influenced by the bus departure interval and the number of passengers arriving at bus stops.
Derivation of Bose–Einstein statistics from the uncertainty principle
Authors: Tangney Paul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The microstate of any degree of freedom of any classical dynamical system can be represented by a point in its two dimensional phase space. Since infinitely precise measurements are impossible, a measurement can, at best, constrain the location of this point to a region of phase space whose area is finite. This paper explores the implications of assuming that this finite area is bounded from below. I prove that if the same lower bound applied to every degree of freedom of a sufficiently-cold classical dynamical system, the distribution of the system’s energy among its degrees of freedom would be a Bose–Einstein distribution.
Model, design, and experiments of a field mill sensor for measuring high-voltage DC electric fields
Authors: Xie Tongtong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In an attempt to measure the DC field intensity in the space below the high voltage transmission line, based on the principium of electrostatic induction, the DC-induced signal is transformed into an AC signal by continuously changing the relative area of the parallel plate capacitor, and then the signal is filtered and amplified. The measured value of the field to be measured is obtained from the amplitude of the output signal. The influences of the number of openings on the electric field distribution, the induced charge, and the output current in the adjacent space of the capacitive plate are studied by modeling and simulation. An experimental device is built to study the influence of the number of plate openings on the measurement results, and the simulation results are compared and analyzed. The calibration error of the field grinding sensor designed in this paper is about 6%, and the results show that the method can be applicable to the measurement of electric fields in DC transmission engineering.
Failure mechanism and model study of Link16 data link limiters caused by the electromagnetic pulse
Authors: Fu Yingchun , Zhang Qingping , Yan Zhenhua , He Fan , Fu Qingqin , Yuan Yubo , Zhao Yinfeng , Chen Huikai , Wang Shulong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Electromagnetic pulse can easily cause interference or damage to the circuit. This study used TCAD device-level modeling and device-circuit mixed simulation methods to investigate the impact of high-power microwaves on the radar front-end limiter. In addition, the variations of the electron concentration, the hole concentration, and the external drain current of the limiter with the electromagnetic pulse radiation are given by establishing a simulation model, and the damage mechanism of the limiter under the electromagnetic pulses (HPM) radiation is revealed. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the protection and reinforcement of PIN limiters.
Research on Ultra-short-term combination forecasting algorithm of power load based on machine learning
Authors: Gao Jinggeng , Wang Kun , Kang Xiaohua , Li Huan , Hou Qi , Kang Gaixia , Zhou Jiaxu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Power load forecasting is of great significance to the power grid marketing department. To obtain accurate load forecasting results, a minute-by-minute forecasting method for electricity load based on multi-stage is proposed (TPE-WXL) by combining the non-linear and time-series attributes. Firstly, the historical series of specific areas in the city are pre-processed. Then, in order to obtain accurately predicted results, XGBoost and LightGBM are applied to extract attributes from the series to build a hybrid model. Moreover, TPE is introduced to enhance the hyperparameters of the hybrid model and the attributes of the load series. Finally, the power load dataset of the region is used as an example to conduct experimental analysis. Experimental results revealed that the method can accurately forecast the trend of power load, that is, R2
=0.981, RMSE=2.643.
In-depth research on fault diagnosis of turbine rotor utilizing NGSABO-optimized VMD and CNN-BiLSTM
Authors: Wen Hao , Wang Haibo , Wang Ronglin , Song Yadi , Zhao Chuanzhe 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To solve the problem of difficulty in extracting and identifying fault types during turbine rotor operation, a fault diagnosis method based on improved subtraction mean optimizer (NGSABO) algorithm to optimize variational mode decomposition (VMD) and CNN-BiLSTM neural network is proposed. Firstly, three improvements are made to the subtraction average optimizer algorithm. Secondly, the optimal VMD parameter combination of NGSABO adaptive selection mode decomposition number K and penalty factor

α

is used to decompose the rotor fault signal, and the minimum sample entropy is used as the fitness function for feature extraction. Combining convolutional neural network and bidirectional long short-term memory network to identify and classify features. Compared with other methods, this method has outstanding performance in the diagnosis of single and coupled rotor faults. The accuracy of fault diagnosis reaches 98.5714%, which has good practical application value.