bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network Analysis of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Emissions in China
Authors: Yan Shaomin , Wu Guang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSpecification of PM2.5 spatial and temporal characteristics is important for understanding PM2.5 adverse effects and policymaking. We applied network analysis to studying the dataset MIX, which contains PM2.5 emissions recorded from 2168 monitoring stations in China in 2008 and 2010. The results showed that for PM2.5 emissions from industrial sector 8 clusters were found in 2008 but they merged together into a huge cluster in 2010, suggesting that industrial sector underwent an integrating process. For PM2.5 emissions from electricity generation sector, strong locality of clusters was revealed, implying that each region had its own electricity generation system. For PM2.5 emissions from residential sector, the same pattern of 10 clusters was uncovered in both years, implicating the household energy consumption unchanged from 2008 to 2010. For PM2.5 emissions from transportation sector, the same pattern of 5 clusters with many connections in-between was unraveled, indicating the high-speed development of transportation nationalwidely. Except for the known elements, mercury (Hg) surfaced as an element for particle nucleation. To our knowledge, this is the first network study in this field.
A novel method for predicting activity of cis-regulatory modules, based on a diverse training set
Authors: Yang Wei , Sinha Saurabh 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Motivation
With the rapid emergence of technologies for locating cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) genome-wide, the next pressing challenge is to assign precise functions to each CRM, i.e. to determine the spatiotemporal domains or cell-types where it drives expression. A popular approach to this task is to model the typical k-mer composition of a set of CRMs known to drive a common expression pattern, and assign that pattern to other CRMs exhibiting a similar k-mer composition. This approach does not rely on prior knowledge of transcription factors relevant to the CRM or their binding motifs, and is thus more widely applicable than motif-based methods for predicting CRM activity, but is also prone to false positive predictions.

Results
We present a novel strategy to improve the above-mentioned approach: to predict if a CRM drives a specific gene expression pattern, assess not only how similar the CRM is to other CRMs with similar activity but also to CRMs with distinct activities. We use a state-of-the-art statistical method to quantify a CRM’s sequence similarity to many different training sets of CRMs, and employ a classification algorithm to integrate these similarity scores into a single prediction of the CRM’s activity. This strategy is shown to significantly improve CRM activity prediction over current approaches.

Availability and Implementation
Our implementation of the new method, called IMMBoost, is freely available as source code, at https://github.com/weiyangedward/IMMBoost.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Alcohol, Cannabis, and Opioid Use Disorders, and Disease Burden in an Integrated Health Care System
Authors: Bahorik Amber L. , Satre Derek D. , Kline-Simon Andrea H. , Weisner Constance M. , Campbell Cynthia I. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives:
We examined prevalence of major medical conditions and extent of disease burden among patients with and without substance use disorders (SUDs) in an integrated health care system serving 3.8 million members.

Methods:
Medical conditions and SUDs were extracted from electronic health records in 2010. Patients with SUDs (n = 45,461; alcohol, amphetamine, barbiturate, cocaine, hallucinogen, and opioid) and demographically matched patients without SUDs (n = 45,461) were compared on the prevalence of 19 major medical conditions. Disease burden was measured as a function of 10-year mortality risk using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. P-values were adjusted using Hochberg's correction for multiple-inference testing within each medical condition category.

Results:
The most frequently diagnosed SUDs in 2010 were alcohol (57.6%), cannabis (14.9%), and opioid (12.9%). Patients with these SUDs had higher prevalence of major medical conditions than non-SUD patients (alcohol use disorders, 85.3% vs 55.3%; cannabis use disorders, 41.9% vs 23.0%; and opioid use disorders, 44.9% vs 26.1%; all P < 0.001). Patients with these SUDs also had higher disease burden than non-SUD patients; patients with opioid use disorders (M = 0.48; SE = 1.46) had particularly high disease burden (M = 0.23; SE = 0.09; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Common SUDs, particularly opioid use disorders, are associated with substantial disease burden for privately insured individuals without significant impediments to care. This signals the need to explore the full impact SUDs have on the course and outcome of prevalent conditions and initiate enhanced service engagement strategies to improve disease burden.
Comparison of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Manifestations in Preterm Versus Term Opioid-Exposed Infants
Authors: Allocco Elizabeth , Melker Marjorie , Rojas-Miguez Florencia , Bradley Caitlin , Hahn Kristen A. , Wachman Elisha M. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Twenty percent to 40% of infants exposed to in utero opioid were delivered preterm. There is currently no neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) scoring tool known to accurately evaluate preterm opioid-exposed infants. This can lead to difficulties in titrating pharmacotherapy in this population.

Purpose:
To describe NAS symptoms in preterm opioid-exposed infants in comparison with matched full-term controls.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study from a single tertiary care center of methadone-exposed infants born between 2006 and 2010. Using modified Finnegan scale scores recorded every 3 to 4 hours beginning at 6 hours of life until 24 to 48 hours after medication discontinuation, NAS symptoms was compared between 45 preterm infants and 49 full-term matched controls. Concurrent neonatal medical diagnoses were also compared.

Results:
The median gestational age in the preterm group was 35 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] = 33-36) versus 39 weeks (IQR = 38-40) in the term group. Preterm infants scored less frequently for many items including sleep disturbance (24.4% vs 46.2%), tremors (77.9% vs 89.7%), muscle tone (87.9% vs 97.4%), sweating (2.1% vs 9.4%), nasal stuffiness (11.9% vs 20.5%), and loose stools (7.0% vs 14.3%) than full-term controls. Preterm infants scored more frequently for hyperactive moro reflex (26.4% vs 5.5%), tachypnea (19.3% vs 16.1%), and poor feeding (24.6% vs 11.8%).

Implications for Practice:
Provider awareness of differences in manifestations of preterm and term infants with NAS, as well as concurrent prematurity diagnoses that can influence NAS scoring, is needed. These findings mandate the development of a modified NAS scoring tool for the preterm NAS population.

Implications for Research:
A preterm NAS scoring tool needs to be developed and validated to more accurately evaluate and treat preterm opioid-exposed infants.
Treatment Options for Nonunion With Segmental Bone Defects: Systematic Review and Quantitative Evidence Synthesis
Authors: Kadhim Muayad , Holmes Larry , Gesheff Martin G. , Conway Janet D. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives:
To determine which reconstruction treatment of long bones nonunion with segmental bone defects (SBDs) is effective to restore bone length and union with good function.

Data Sources:
PubMed was used to identify published literature on treatment of SBD caused by fracture nonunion regardless of infection between January 1975 and December 2014.

Study Selection:
We included retrospective cohort studies with a minimum sample size of 10 consecutive patients with minimum follow-up of 18 months and available data on radiographic and functional outcomes.

Data Extraction:
Literature review revealed 24 publications with a sample size of 504 patients (395 males, 109 females). Data on bone union and functional outcome and complications were collected and analyzed based on validated classification systems.

Data Synthesis:
Two outcome groups were categorized for bone union and functional outcome, success, and failure. We then performed heterogeneity test to examine the variability or differences in the methods used by these studies and based on that we determined whether the fixed effect or random effect method is appropriate in examining the summary or pool estimate. Pool estimate was examined for bone union and functional outcome in each surgical modality and in each anatomic location when data were available.

Conclusions:
Treatment of SBD can be challenging. This quantitative evidence synthesis shows that bone union was achieved by different procedures with variable bone union and functional outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Perceptions of Spirituality and Spiritual Care in Religious Nurses
Authors: Sanders Lynne , Kopis Sharon , Moen Carolyn , Pobanz Angela , Volk Fred 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT:
This study explored nurses' perceptions of how they provide spiritual care, the barriers to delivering spiritual care, and the adequacy of their education and training on spiritual care. Past and current students from a faith-based university nursing program completed an online survey (N = 614). Participants reported varying definitions of spirituality and view spiritual care practices through a wide lens. The majority believed nurses do not receive sufficient spiritual education but reported they usually feel able to meet patients' spiritual needs. Time limitations were the most frequent obstacle to providing spiritual care.
Equipping African American Clergy to Recognize Depression
Authors: Anthony Jean Spann , Morris Edith , Collins Charles W. , Watson Albert , Williams Jennifer E. , Ferguson B'nai , Ruhlman Deborah L. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT:
Many African Americans (AAs) use clergy as their primary source of help for depression, with few being referred to mental health providers. This study used face-to-face workshops to train AA clergy to recognize the symptoms and levels of severity of depression. A pretest/posttest format was used to test knowledge (N = 42) about depression symptoms. Results showed that the participation improved the clergy's ability to recognize depression symptoms. Faith community nurses can develop workshops for clergy to improve recognition and treatment of depression.
Spiritual Darkness
Authors: Jimenez Rosalinda Ramirez 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT:
This is a reflective analysis on the lived experience of a medical mission in a third world country, where young women are abused and trafficked for sex. Practices of Scripture study, Lectio Divina, and contemplative prayer enabled me to deal with the spiritual darkness we encountered. Opening a dialogue with community members to view males and females in a different manner and battling alongside the local mission and ministers against sex trafficking, are not easy tasks. The perseverance found in the Bible gives us hope to be witnesses and healers in our broken world, and a small part in change that can take root with prayer.
Discovering Their Needs
Authors: Wilson-Anderson Kaye , Lee Holly , Pinnock Jessi , Sybrandt Anne , White Alissa 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT:
This qualitative, descriptive, phenomenological study explored how southern, rural women in India (N = 14) view health, how they learned about health, and what health education they desired. Health education classes were offered, based on participants' responses. Recommendations are offered for a best practice model that could potentially enhance the efforts of non-Indian nurses desiring to assist impoverished women and families in India.
Metallic Fixation of Mandibular Segmental Defects: Graft Immobilization and Orofacial Functional Maintenance
Authors: Shayesteh Moghaddam Narges , Jahadakbar Ahmadreza , Amerinatanzi Amirhesam , Elahinia Mohammad , Miller Michael , Dean David 
Published: September 2016

Background:
The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of the healthy mandible under maximum molar bite force to demonstrate the problems associated with the current standard of care procedures for mandibular segmental defect reconstruction (ie, use of Ti–6Al–4V hardware and either a single- or double-barrel fibular graft). With current Ti–6Al–4V mandibular reconstruction hardware, there is a significant stiffness mismatch among the hardware, graft, and the remaining host anatomy. How the distribution of mechanical forces through the mandible is altered after a segmental bone loss and reconstruction is incompletely understood.

Methods:
We studied a healthy adult mandible for stress, strain, and reaction force distribution during normal mastication. Stress distribution of this model was then used to study problems encountered after mandibular segmental defect reconstructive surgery. We model the use of both single- and double-barrel fibular grafts to repair the loss of the left M1–3 containing segment of the mandible. These simulations were done using 2 sets of plates with different thicknesses.

Results:
We found that the stiffness mismatching between the fixation hardware and the graft and host bone causes stress shielding of that bone and stress concentrations in the fixation hardware and screws. These effects are expected, especially during the bone healing period. However, long term, this abnormal stress–strain distribution may lead to either the hardware’s failure due to stress concentration or graft failure due to bone resorption as a result of stress shielding. We found that the stress–strain distribution is more normal with a double-barrel fibular graft. Additionally, we found that thinner fixation plates can reduce stress shielding.

Conclusion:
The proposed model can be used to evaluate the performance and optimization of the fixation device.
OPTIC NERVE MENINGOCELE SIMULATING EXTRAOCULAR EXTENSION OF CHOROIDAL MELANOMA
Authors: Sioufi Kareem , Say Emil Anthony T. , Gray Hilary M. , Shields Carol L. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:
To report a case of optic nerve meningocele simulating massive, recurrent extraocular extension of choroidal melanoma.

Method:
Case report.

Results:
A 53-year-old white man with choroidal melanoma in his left eye of 7.3-mm thickness was treated with plaque radiotherapy and transpupillary thermotherapy. On 1-year follow-up examination, visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye. The regressed choroidal melanoma scar in the left eye measured 1.5 mm in thickness with stable margins. The optic disk was normal. Ultrasonography demonstrated regressed echogenic choroidal scar, with an echolucent multilobulated retrobulbar mass, suspicious for extraocular extension. On magnetic resonance imaging, the retrobulbar mass corresponded to a distended and kinked optic nerve sheath, filled with extensive subarachnoid fluid and normal-size optic nerve with apposition against the posterior globe. There was no extraocular extension of tumor. Similar but less distended right optic nerve sheath was documented, consistent with optic nerve sheath meningocele in both eyes. Observation was advised and the findings remained stable.

Conclusion:
Optic nerve sheath meningocele is a benign dilatation of the optic nerve sheath that can simulate orbital tumor or extraocular extension of intraocular tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging can reliably differentiate these conditions.
Sudden Death Due to Acute Epiglottitis in Adults
Authors: Bellis Magdaleni , Herath Jayantha , Pollanen Michael S. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We report a retrospective review of fatal acute epiglottitis cases in adults in the province of Ontario, Canada, between 2001 and 2014. Information on demographics, clinical history, gross, microscopic, and laboratory findings were collected and analyzed. Eleven cases, predominantly male (73%), with a mean age of 50 years were identified. Common presenting symptoms included sore throat, dysphagia, and low-grade fever. The predominant postmortem findings included hyperemia and edema of the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds. Histological features included vascular congestion, stromal edema, and acute inflammation. Five cases (45%) were positive for growth of various bacterial organisms on blood and/or tissue cultures. Acute epiglottitis should be in the differential diagnosis in fatalities presenting with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, followed by an episode of acute shortness of breath. History, thorough postmortem examination with close attention to the head and neck structures, histological examination of tissues, and sampling for microbiology will assist in differentiating epiglottitis from other cases of laryngeal swelling leading to death.
Patient Safety Incidents and Adverse Events in Ambulatory Dental Care: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Ensaldo-Carrasco Eduardo , Suarez-Ortegon Milton Fabian , Carson-Stevens Andrew , Cresswell Kathrin , Bedi Raman , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: September 2016

Background
There have been efforts to understand the epidemiology of iatrogenic harm in hospitals and primary care and to improve the safety of care provision. There has in contrast been very limited progress in relation to the safety of ambulatory dental care.

Objectives
To provide a comprehensive overview of the range and frequencies of existing evidence on patient safety incidents and adverse events in ambulatory dentistry.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for articles reporting events that could have or did result in unnecessary harm in ambulatory dental care. We extracted and synthesized data on the types and frequencies of patient safety incidents and adverse events.

Results
Forty articles were included. We found that the frequencies varied very widely between studies; this reflected differences in definitions, populations studied, and sampling strategies. The main 5 PSIs we identified were errors in diagnosis and examination, treatment planning, communication, procedural errors, and the accidental ingestion or inhalation of foreign objects. However, little attention was paid to wider organizational issues.

Conclusions
Patient safety research in dentistry is immature because current evidence cannot provide reliable estimates on the frequency of patient safety incidents in ambulatory dental care or the associated disease burden. Well-designed epidemiological investigations are needed that also investigate contributory factors.
Adverse Events at Baseline in a Chinese General Hospital: A Pilot Study of the Global Trigger Tool
Authors: Xu Xiao-Di , Yuan Yi-Jie , Zhao Li-Ming , Li Yang , Zhang Hui-Zhen , Wu Hua 
Published: September 2016

Objective
To investigate adverse events (AEs) at baseline in a Chinese general hospital using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) Global Trigger Tool (GTT) and discuss the feasibility of this tool to detect AEs in China.

Methods
A total of 10 inpatient records from the hospital were sampled randomly half a month in 2014. The records were reviewed to identify AEs according to the second edition of the IHI GTT for measuring AEs. Triggers and AEs were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS software, version 19.0.

Results
A review of 240 patient records identified 51.0% (26/51) triggers in the worksheet, and 33.3% (17/51) were associated with AEs. A total of 70 AEs were identified in 54 patients, including 65.7% (46/70) category E AEs, which represent temporary harm requiring intervention, and 34.3% (24/70) category F AEs, which represent temporary harm requiring initial or prolonged hospitalization. The average rate of AEs per 1000 patient-days was 32.1 ± 20.9. The average rate of AEs per 100 admissions was 29.2 ± 16.1. The average rate of admissions with an AE was 22.5% ± 13.9%. The most significant characteristic of patients with AEs was longer hospital stay.

Conclusions
More than one fifth of adult inpatients in the current study experienced at least one AE resulting in temporary harm, most commonly caused by surgical operations and medication. With some modifications, the IHI GTT is a feasible and effective tool for detecting the overall status of AEs in a Chinese hospital.
How personal advisors make a difference in serving “almost rich” bank customers
Authors: Wahlberg Olof , Öhman Peter , Strandberg Christer 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore mass affluent customer perceptions of the service quality delivered by personal advisors and banks, and the contributions of personal advisors and banks to customer satisfaction; and also to analyse the strength of the relationship between customer satisfaction with personal advisors and banks.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey composed of items designed to mirror service quality practices used in the mass affluent segment was administered to customers of a major Swedish bank. Statistical analyses of the responses were performed.

Findings
Four service quality dimensions are identified as salient to customer satisfaction: interpersonal behaviour, knowledge, service portfolio, and trust. The relative importance of these dimensions depends on whether customer satisfaction with the personal advisor or the bank is focused. Moreover, the analysis indicates a double “rubbing off” effect where customer satisfaction with the personal advisor influences customer satisfaction with the bank and vice versa.

Originality/value
The unexplored separation of service quality provided by the bank and the personal advisor is central to perceived service quality. The study focuses on customer satisfaction in the mass affluent segment, which is an unexplored context different from retail banking.
Customer value proposition, corporate transformation and growth in Caribbean financial firms
Authors: Smith Trevor Alexander 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to advance a model for identifying the superior customer value proposition that evolves through a process of corporate transformation while simultaneously seeking to align this value proposition with regional expansion and growth of Caribbean financial firms.

Design/methodology/approach
The study utilizes a cross-sectional design. Telephone surveys were used to collect data from 80 financial firms and 243 customers across ten Caribbean countries. Structural equations modeling was employed for data analysis.

Findings
The main findings are that corporate transformation of financial firms was a significant driver of customer orientation, consumer confidence, quality, flexibility, branding, and firm capability while lower prices (such as interest rates, fees, and charges), consumer confidence, and branding were the key drivers of regional expansion and growth.

Practical implications
The study identified six value-added dimensions along with price as the superior customer value proposition of financial firms. These dimensions should be incorporated in the business model for transformation and growth of these firms.

Originality/value
The study extended the literature through development of a customer value proposition model that was primarily built on Levitt’s (1965) product life cycle conceptualization and augmented by Porter’s generic strategies.