bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“A Model of Christ”: Melito’s Re-Vision of Jewish Akedah Exegeses
Authors: De Andrado Paba Nidhani 
Published: June 2017

Several scholars have proposed that Melito, the second-century bishop of Sardis, manifests awareness of Jewish exegeses of Genesis 22 (or Akedah). This article investigates the extent and implications of Melito’s engagement with that Akedah tradition. The first part of this essay examines the Jewish exegetical strands that were in existence during Melito’s period. The second part analyzes Melito’s Fragments 9, 10 and 11, with reference to the Jewish exegeses. This article demonstrates the depth of Melito’s reliance on and response to the Akedah tradition, as he employs its motifs on Isaac, the ram and the Temple site. The Akedah tradition serves as a stimulus for Melito’s soteriological ideas, as he develops his perspectives on the sacrifice of Christ. The Fragments further reveal Melito’s complex attitude towards Judaism, marked by contact, tension and creativity.
Regards croisés sur une mobilisation éclair : l'à-propos de la médiatisation et du vieillissement
Authors: Grenier Line , Sawchuk Kim 
Published: June 2017

Cet article présente une réflexion critique sur la médiatisation, son opportunité et sa pertinence aujourd’hui dans des sociétés contemporaines qui, à l’instar du Québec, se trouvent marquées non seulement par les avancées du numérique mais aussi par un vieillissement sans précédent de leur population. Il porte aussi sur le vieillissement : tant ses configurations hétérogènes dans un monde où l’espérance de vie en hausse contribue à accroitre le nombre et la présence des sujets vieillissants, que sa relative invisibilité en communication et dans les études médiatiques encore résolument tournées vers la jeunesse et les jeunes comme leur sujet de prédilection. Nous proposons de porter un tel regard croisé inspiré d’une mobilisation éclair ayant fait l’objet d’une recherche-action. Notre réflexion à propos de cette mobilisation éclair vise à en comprendre la pertinence et l’opportunité au moment où elle a eu lieu, de même qu’à saisir les enjeux historiques plus larges qui l’animent et dont elle participe. Elle en questionnel’à-propos, approximativement ce qu’en anglais on qualifie detimeliness.
Étude comparative des procédés d’oxydation avancée UV/chlore et UV/H2O2
Authors: De Laat Joseph , Brachet Sophie 
Published: June 2017

L’étude comparative des vitesses de photodécomposition du chlore (0,05-50 mM; pH = 4,5-11,5; 25 °C) et du peroxyde d’hydrogène (0,1-100 mM; pH &lt; 8,5) dans l’eau pure a montré que les valeurs des rendements quantiques globaux de photodécomposition de HOCl et de ClO‑ à 254 nm sont pratiquement identiques (Φ = 1,0 ± 0,1) à celui de H2O2 (Φ = 1,0) et ne varient pas avec la concentration initiale en chlore et en ions bicarbonate (0-10 mM; pH 8,5). La décomposition du chlore s’accompagne d’une production d’oxygène et de chlorate. L’étude de l’oxydation de l’acide benzoïque (pH ≈ 8) a montré que les vitesses décroissent dans l’ordre suivant : UV/chlore &gt; UV/H2O2 &gt;&gt; UV seul &gt;&gt; chloration. Les analyses de chromatographie liquide haute pression (HPLC) ont montré que l’oxydation de l’acide benzoïque par le procédé UV/chlore conduit à plus de sous-produits de dégradation que par le procédé UV/H2O2 en raison de la formation de chlorophénols résultant de réactions initiées par le chlore et Cl•.
Distribution spatiale et mobilité du phosphore sédimentaire dans une retenue hydroélectrique
Authors: Rapin Anne , Rabiet Marion , Grybos Malgorzata , Mourier Brice , Fay Alexis , Kestens Tim , Deluchat Véronique 
Published: June 2017

Malgré la réduction des rejets de phosphore (P) dans l’environnement, les efflorescences phytoplanctoniques sont toujours observées dans un grand nombre de masses d’eau. C’est notamment le cas dans les retenues de barrage où la perturbation de la continuité sédimentaire peut conduire à une accumulation importante de phosphore au sein du compartiment sédimentaire. Ainsi, pour lutter contre l’eutrophisation, une meilleure connaissance de la distribution, de la réactivité et de la mobilité du P sédimentaire s’avère indispensable. Dans ce contexte, les sédiments de surface de la retenue de Champsanglard (Creuse, France) ont été prélevés en différents points selon un gradient amont/aval. Une caractérisation physico-chimique (granulométrie; teneurs en P, Fe, Al, matière organique; fractionnement chimique du P suivant le protocole de RYDIN et WELCH [1998]) a été effectuée afin d’évaluer le potentiel de relargage de P de ces sédiments. Les résultats montrent une évolution de la concentration et de la distribution du P dans les sédiments de surface dans la retenue de l’amont vers l’aval (de 1,5 à 2,3 mg P∙gsec‑1), qui semble corrélée avec l’évolution de la granulométrie. L’analyse du fractionnement chimique a montré que le P était majoritairement lié aux oxyhydroxydes de Fe et Mn amorphes (66 %), ces concentrations augmentant également à l’approche du barrage. Ces résultats indiquent que les conditions d’oxydoréduction sont l’un des paramètres clés du contrôle de la remobilisation du P sédimentaire vers la colonne d’eau. À l’opposé, le P associé aux fractions de la matière organique et de l’aluminium ne semble quant à lui ne pas évoluer spatialement de façon significative.
Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclizations of Alkynes with Alkenes and Arenes
Authors: Echavarren Antonio M. , Muratore Michael E. , López‐Carrillo Verónica , Escribano‐Cuesta Ana , Huguet Núria , Obradors Carla 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis chapter reviews the gold‐catalyzed cyclization reactions of alkynes with alkenes that proceed via selective activation of the alkyne by π‐coordination of the transition metal. Mechanistically related intermolecular reactions between alkynes and alkenes are also discussed, as are reactions of alkynes with arenes, heteroarenes, and related nucleophiles.
β‐Catenin in desmoid‐type fibromatosis: deep insights into the role of T41A and S45F mutations on protein structure and gene expression
Authors: Colombo Chiara , Belfiore Antonino , Paielli Nicholas , De Cecco Loris , Canevari Silvana , Laurini Erik , Fermeglia Maurizio , Pricl Sabrina , Verderio Paolo , Bottelli Stefano , Fiore Marco , Stacchiotti Silvia , Palassini Elena , Gronchi Alessandro , Pilotti Silvana , Perrone Federica 
Published: June 2017

Desmoid‐type fibromatosis (DF) is a rare mesenchymal lesion with high risk of local recurrence. Specific β‐catenin mutations (S45F) appeared to be related to this higher risk compared to T41A‐mutated or wild‐type (WT). We explored the influence of both mutations and WT on structure stability and affinity of β‐catenin for α‐catenin and the pattern of gene expression that may influence DF behavior. Using 33 surgically resected primary DFs harboring T41A (n = 14), S45F (n = 10), or WT (n = 9), we performed a comparative molecular analysis by protein/protein interaction modeling, gene expression by DASL microarrays, human inflammation gene panel, and assessment of immune system‐based biomarkers by immunohistochemistry. Mutated proteins were more stable than WT and formed a weaker complex with α‐catenin. Consensus unsupervised gene clustering revealed the presence of two DF group‐mutated (T41A + S45F) and WT (P = 0.0047). The gene sets ‘Inflammatory‐Defense‐Humoral Immune Response’ and ‘Antigen Binding’ were significantly enriched in T41A. The deregulation of 16 inflammation‐related genes was confirmed. Low numbers of T cells and tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) infiltrating the tumors and low/absent PD‐1/PD‐L1 expression were also identified. We demonstrated that mutated DFs (T41A or S45F) and WT are two distinct molecular subgroups with regard to β‐catenin stability, α‐catenin affinity, and gene expression profiling. A different inflammation signature characterized the two mutated groups, suggesting mediation either by T41A or by S45F. Finally, all mutated cases showed a low number of TIL and TAM cells and a low or absent expression of PD‐1 and PD‐L1 consistent with β‐catenin activation insensitive to checkpoint blockade.
Reduced lattice thermal conductivity of Fe‐bearing bridgmanite in Earth's deep mantle
Authors: Hsieh Wen‐Pin , Deschamps Frédéric , Okuchi Takuo , Lin Jung‐Fu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractComplex seismic, thermal, and chemical features have been reported in Earth's lowermost mantle. In particular, possible iron enrichments in the large low shear‐wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs) could influence thermal transport properties of the constituting minerals in this region, altering the lower mantle dynamics and heat flux across core‐mantle boundary (CMB). Thermal conductivity of bridgmanite is expected to partially control the thermal evolution and dynamics of Earth's lower mantle. Importantly, the pressure‐induced lattice distortion and iron spin and valence states in bridgmanite could affect its lattice thermal conductivity, but these effects remain largely unknown. Here we precisely measured the lattice thermal conductivity of Fe‐bearing bridgmanite to 120 GPa using optical pump‐probe spectroscopy. The conductivity of Fe‐bearing bridgmanite increases monotonically with pressure but drops significantly around 45 GPa due to pressure‐induced lattice distortion on iron sites. Our findings indicate that lattice thermal conductivity at lowermost mantle conditions is twice smaller than previously thought. The decrease in the thermal conductivity of bridgmanite in mid‐lower mantle and below would promote mantle flow against a potential viscosity barrier, facilitating slabs crossing over the 1000 km depth. Modeling of our results applied to LLSVPs shows that variations in iron and bridgmanite fractions induce a significant thermal conductivity decrease, which would enhance internal convective flow. Our CMB heat flux modeling indicates that while heat flux variations are dominated by thermal effects, variations in thermal conductivity also play a significant role. The CMB heat flux map we obtained is substantially different from those assumed so far, which may influence our understanding of the geodynamo.
Aseptic Manufacturing Considerations for Biomanufacturing Facility Design
Authors: Odum Jeffery , Schaz Hartmut , Pressley Larry 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Aseptic operations require sterilization of the environment, equipment, and process solutions to ensure the safety of drug products. In this article, the definition and attributes of aseptic manufacturing are provided, and suitable facility design to prevent contamination and regulatory compliance aspects are discussed.
Modifying Base Metal Substrates to Exhibit Universal Non‐Wettability: Emulating Biology and Going Further
Authors: O'Loughlin Thomas E. , Waetzig Gregory R. , Davidson Rachel E. , Dennis Robert V. , Banerjee Sarbajit 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe design and fabrication of surfaces that are not wetted either by water or oil holds much significance for the energy infrastructure, particularly where corrosion represents a significant problem and cleaning, maintenance, and repair of containers, pipelines, and processing equipment is difficult or poses safety hazards. Nature has numerous examples of surfaces that resist fouling by repelling liquid (especially water) droplets. Designing a surface that is not wetted by low‐surface‐tension liquids such as hydrocarbons is a considerably more difficult task that is beyond the capabilities of most natural systems since the cohesive forces within such liquids are low and most interfacial interactions induce the spreading of oil droplets. A combination of hierarchical texturation, reentrant curvature, and low surface energy is thought to be necessary to design omniphobic surfaces. However, such surfaces are often constructed from polymers and thus prone to thermal degradation. In this contribution, we illustrate the modular design and development of a biomimetic architecture incorporating micro‐ and nanoscale texturation on etched carbon steel. Etching of the steel substrate endows microscale roughness; the substrate is further coated with ZnO nanotetrapods to define nanoscale texturation and further modified to expose pendant fluorous groups. The highly textured substrates exhibit simultaneous superhydrophobic and superoleophobic behavior. The utilization of ZnO nanotetrapods with protruding arms gives rise to a nanotextured morphology regardless of the specific orientation of the nanostructures and allows for the trapping of air pockets, thereby suspending liquid droplets as per the Cassie–Baxter mode. The textured ceramic/metal surfaces are stable up to high temperatures and are well adhered to the metal substrate upon application of a conformal amorphous SiO2coating. The incorporation of multiple design elements—microscale roughness, nanotexturation, a “cementing” layer, and surface modification with low‐energy pendant perfluorinated chains—provides considerable versatility and tunability for specific liquid‐handling conditions. The strategy described here is generalizable to other modes of texturation and surface modification and can be broadly adapted to prevent wettability of a surface by a specific liquid, thereby allowing for protection of components exposed to corrosive fluid environments.
Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Owens‐Baird Bryan , Heinrich Shannon , Kovnir Kirill 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe field of thermoelectric materials has flourished over the last two decades. Significant successes achieved in the development of materials notwithstanding, novel and highly efficient materials are in steep demand due to a wide range of potential and current applications, ranging from wearable electronics to space missions. The main challenge in the improvement of the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) is to optimize the intertwined intrinsic charge and thermal transport properties. High electrical conductivity and thermopower, along with low thermal conductivity, need to be achieved simultaneously to excel the thermoelectric efficiency. In this review, the thermoelectric concepts, basics of transport properties, and strategies forzToptimization are discussed in the first section. In the following sections, the predominate structure types associated with high‐performance bulk thermoelectric materials are discussed in detail: Bi2Te3, PbTe, TAGS/LAST systems, SnSe, Cu2−xSe, chalcopyrites, tetrahedrites, clathrates, skutterudites, zinc antimonides, Yb14MnSb11, Heusler and half‐Heusler intermetallics. The basic crystal structures, the possibilities for doping and substitutions to adjust charge carrier concentration and thermal conductivity, baseline thermoelectric properties, and strategies for efficiency improvement are considered for each structure type. Examples of recent work highlighting these strategies are briefly presented.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of 1,6‐Enynes and Unactivated Alkynes: Access to Ring‐Fused Cyclohexadienes
Authors: Liu Rui , Giordano Laurent , Tenaglia Alphonse 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe [2+2+2] intermolecular carbocyclization reactions between 1,6‐enynes and alkynes catalyzed by [RuCl(cod)(Cp*)] (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene, Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) are reported to provide bicyclohexa‐1,3‐dienes. The presented reaction conditions are compatible with internal and terminal alkynes and the chemo‐ and regioselectivity issues are controlled by the presence of substituents at the propargyl carbon center of the alkyne(s) partner(s).
Catalytic Oxidation of Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid with a Hydrophobic Cobalt Catalyst in Hydrocarbon Solvent
Authors: Shi Song , Liu Meng , Zhao Li , Wang Min , Chen Chen , Gao Jin , Xu Jie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA hydrophobic cobalt catalyst was synthesized and proved to be effective in alcohol oxidation under the assistance of hydrocarbon solvent with oxygen as the terminal oxidant. A series of catalysts with different water contact angles was applied to investigate the hydrophobic effect. Further insight into the reaction process was gained by reaction kinetics, isotopic effect, etc. It showed that the hydrocarbon solvent participated in the alcohol oxidation, and with the aid of the in situ generated free radicals, the α‐C−H bond was smoothly activated and the alcohol was converted to carbonyl compounds. The hydrophobic effect promoted the alcohol oxidation by affecting the solvent oxidation.
Process development of human multipotent stromal cell microcarrier culture using an automated high‐throughput microbioreactor
Authors: Rafiq Qasim A. , Hanga Mariana P. , Heathman Thomas R. J. , Coopman Karen , Nienow Alvin W. , Williams David J. , Hewitt Christopher J. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTMicrobioreactors play a critical role in process development as they reduce reagent requirements and can facilitate high‐throughput screening of process parameters and culture conditions. Here, we have demonstrated and explained in detail, for the first time, the amenability of the automated ambr15 cell culture microbioreactor system for the development of scalable adherent human mesenchymal multipotent stromal/stem cell (hMSC) microcarrier culture processes. This was achieved by first improving suspension and mixing of the microcarriers and then improving cell attachment thereby reducing the initial growth lag phase. The latter was achieved by using only 50% of the final working volume of medium for the first 24 h and using an intermittent agitation strategy. These changes resulted in >150% increase in viable cell density after 24 h compared to the original process (no agitation for 24 h and 100% working volume). Using the same methodology as in the ambr15, similar improvements were obtained with larger scale spinner flask studies. Finally, this improved bioprocess methodology based on a serum‐based medium was applied to a serum‐free process in the ambr15, resulting in >250% increase in yield compared to the serum‐based process. At both scales, the agitation used during culture was the minimum required for microcarrier suspension, NJS. The use of the ambr15, with its improved control compared to the spinner flask, reduced the coefficient of variation on viable cell density in the serum containing medium from 7.65% to 4.08%, and the switch to serum free further reduced these to 1.06–0.54%, respectively. The combination of both serum‐free and automated processing improved the reproducibility more than 10‐fold compared to the serum‐based, manual spinner flask process. The findings of this study demonstrate that the ambr15 microbioreactor is an effective tool for bioprocess development of hMSC microcarrier cultures and that a combination of serum‐free medium, control, and automation improves both process yield and consistency. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2253–2266. © 2017 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biofabrication of soft tissue templates for engineering the bone–ligament interface
Authors: Harris Ella , Liu Yurong , Cunniffe Grainne , Morrissey David , Carroll Simon , Mulhall Kevin , Kelly Daniel J. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTRegenerating damaged tissue interfaces remains a significant clinical challenge, requiring recapitulation of the structure, composition, and function of the native enthesis. In the ligament‐to‐bone interface, this region transitions from ligament to fibrocartilage, to calcified cartilage and then to bone. This gradation in tissue types facilitates the transfer of load between soft and hard structures while minimizing stress concentrations at the interface. Previous attempts to engineer the ligament–bone interface have utilized various scaffold materials with an array of various cell types and/or biological cues. The primary goal of this study was to engineer a multiphased construct mimicking the ligament–bone interface by driving differentiation of a single population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), seeded within blended fibrin‐alginate hydrogels, down an endochondral, fibrocartilaginous, or ligamentous pathway through spatial presentation of growth factors along the length of the construct within a custom‐developed, dual‐chamber culture system. MSCs within these engineered constructs demonstrated spatially distinct regions of differentiation, adopting either a cartilaginous or ligamentous phenotype depending on their local environment. Furthermore, there was also evidence of spatially defined progression toward an endochondral phenotype when chondrogenically primed MSCs within this construct were additionally exposed to hypertrophic cues. The study demonstrates the feasibility of engineering spatially complex soft tissues within a single MSC laden hydrogel through the defined presentation of biochemical cues. This novel approach represents a new strategy for engineering the ligament–bone interface. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2400–2411. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of BRCA1/2 genetic testing among Black women with breast cancer: a population‐based study
Authors: Jones Tarsha , McCarthy Anne Marie , Kim Younji , Armstrong Katrina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEvidence shows that Black women diagnosed with breast cancer are substantially less likely to undergo BRCA testing and other multipanel genetic testing compared to White women, despite having a higher incidence of early‐age onset breast cancer and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our study identifies predictors of BRCA testing among Black women treated for breast cancer and examines differences between BRCA testers and nontesters. We conducted an analysis of 945 Black women ages 18–64 diagnosed with localized or regional‐stage invasive breast cancer in Pennsylvania and Florida between 2007 and 2009. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of BRCA 1/2 testing. Few (27%) (n = 252) of the participants reported having BRCA testing. In the multivariate analysis, we found that perceived benefits of BRCA testing (predisposing factor) ([OR], 1.16; 95% CI: 1.11–1.21; P < 0.001), income (enabling factor) ([OR], 2.10; 95% CI: 1.16–3.80; p = 0.014), and BRCA mutation risk category (need factor) ([OR], 3.78; 95% CI: 2.31–6.19; P < 0.001) predicted BRCA testing. These results suggest that interventions to reduce disparities in BRCA testing should focus on identifying patients with high risk of mutation, increasing patient understanding of the benefits of BRCA testing, and removing financial and other administrative barriers to genetic testing.
Decreased expression of WNT2 in villi of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion patients may cause trophoblast cell dysfunction via downregulated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Li Ning , Li Shuhong , Wang Yanwei , Wang Jiahui , Wang Kai , Liu Xin , Li Yan , Liu Juan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWNT2 has been reported to be important for placental development, especially for the proper vascularization of the placenta. However, its precise role in first‐trimester trophoblast cells is still unknown. WNT2 expression in the villous tissues of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) patients was compared with that of healthy women by Western blot. The function of WNT2 in HTR‐8/SVneo trophoblast cells was evaluated by altering the cellular WNT2 level through overexpression and shRNA knockdown. The molecular mechanism of the effect of WNT2 on trophoblast cells was investigated. The association of WNT2 with the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway was studied through Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results showed that WNT2 protein expression was significantly decreased in villi of the URSA group compared with the control group. In vitro studies showed that WNT2 could promote human trophoblast cell proliferation and migration through activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, upon the knockdown of WNT2, trophoblast cell proliferation and migration were significantly suppressed. In conclusion, our study indicated that WNT2 plays an important role in trophoblast function. WNT2 insufficiency might cause impaired trophoblast cell proliferation and migration via downregulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.