bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More Women are Medicated While More Men are Talked Out: Persistent Gender Disparities in Mental Health Care
Authors: Joseph P. , Kazanjian A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPhysician incentives have been shown in previous studies to help reduce socioeconomic disparities in health care. Its impact on gender disparities, however, has rarely been investigated.AimThe impact of physician incentives on gender disparities in mental health care was investigated in this retrospective study.MethodDe-identified health administrative data from physician claims, hospital separations, vital statistics, prescription database, and insurance plan registries were linked and examined. Monthly cohorts of individuals with depression who were residing in British Columbia, Canada were identified and their use of mental health services tracked for 12 months following receipt of initial diagnosis. indicators that assess receipt of the following services were created:– counseling/psychotherapy (CP);– minimally adequate counseling/psychotherapy (MACP);– antidepressant therapy (AT);– minimally adequate antidepressant therapy (MAAT).interrupted time series analysis was used to estimate changes in these indicators before (01/2005–12/2007) and after (01/2008–12/2012) physician incentives were introduced.ResultsAt the beginning of the study period, the percentage of individuals diagnosed with depression who received counseling/psychotherapy was higher, on average, among men (CP: 58.4%, MACP: 13.6%) than women (CP: 57.1%, MACP: 10.9%). in contrast, the percentage who received antidepressant therapy was higher among women (AT: 57.7%, MAAT: 47.4%) than men (AT: 53.6%, MAAT: 41.9%). Levels for these indicators have changed over time but the statistically significant differences between men and women were virtually the same before and after incentives were introduced.ConclusionsGender disparities in mental health care persist despite the introduction of physician incentives designed to enhance access to mental health services in primary care.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Chemtrails: An Overview of The Phenomenon
Authors: Llanes Álvarez C. , San Roman Uría A. , Nunes Nancabu P. , Ruiz Gippini M. , López Landeiro P. , Franco Martín M.Á. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe term contrail is a contraction of condensation and trail, as chemtrail is of chemical and trail. The first one is used to name trails left in the sky by aircrafts under certain atmospheric conditions. Some people argue that when contrails do not dissipate quickly is because contain substances added and sprayed for sinister purposes undisclosed to the population (weather modification and biological and/or chemical war are the most common).ObjectiveExist various versions of the chemtrail theory, most of them propagated via the internet in discussions forums or websites, and to a lesser degree by the mass media such as TV and radio programs. The outspread popularity and diffusion of the theory has already become a reality. Scientific community has repeatedly rejected that chemtrails exist, insisting that are just contrails. We analyze this phenomenon.MethodsWe made a exhaustive literature review in Journals of Meteorology and Aviation, about the formation of condensation trails, in Social Pychology Journals about the genesis and dissemination of the chemtrails theory. Finally, we will make a brief presentation of documentation built around the theory of chemtrails in the province of Zamora (Spain), where is one of the most active spots in southern Europe.Conclusionsofficial statements on the non-existence of chemtrails have not discouraged the proponents of the theory of chemtrails.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Difference Between Normal and Priority Consultations On Mental Health Centers
Authors: Manso Bazús C. , Valdes Valdazo J. , Garcia Fernandez E. , Velilla Diez L.T. , Min Kim J. , Martinez Martinez C. , Heredero Sanz M.Á. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCurrently, in mental health teams there is overload in the first consultations, therefore, patients cannot be treated properly.ObjectiveThis study tries to reflect the differences between preferential and ordinary consultations, as well as the differences in the delay in the support between them.MethodologyThis is a retrospective observational study where data are collected for 3 months of the first consultations that are taken to a mental health center.ResultsThe study reflects that preferential or normal (ordinary) derivation has no influence when it comes to the patient going or not going to the consultation.On the other hand, there are very significant differences statistically in the waiting time between patients with normal and preferential priority.ConclusionsAccording to the results observed would be advisable to use appropriate criteria to decide the priority of a patient's cares.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Comparative Study Between Preferential Consultations And Most Common Diagnoses
Authors: Manso Bazús C. , Valdes Valdazo J. , Garcia Fernandez E. , Velilla Diez L.T. , Min Kim J. , Martinez Martinez C. , Heredero Sanz M.Á. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionTo the specialized attention arrives as preferred patients with minor diagnosis.ObjectiveWe do a relation between the type (normal/preferential) derivation of the first consultations and their corresponding diagnosis.MethodologyRetrospective observational study with data gathered during 3 months, which handle 2 variables: on the one hand, type of derivation and on the other, effected diagnosis.ResultsThe most frequent diagnosis found are adaptative disorders and affective disorders, corresponding to 45.45% and 9.1%, respectively of preferred leads.ConclusionsAlmost half of preferential queries (consultations) could be treated in first instance by primary care physicians releasing mental health care burden.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Knowledge and Uptake of Voting Rights By Adults With Mental Illness Living in Supported Accommodation in Westminster (London) During the 2015 Uk General Election
Authors: Townell J. , MacLaren T. , Argent V. , de Ridder L. , Shanmugham S. , Venkataraman A. , Clarke M. , Khwaja M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionVoting is an essential human right. Being able to vote and participate in elections is an important component of social inclusion; empowering people with mental illness to have a political voice and in turn reducing stigma. Previous research indicates that patients with mental illness are less likely to vote compared to the general population.ObjectiveThis study explores knowledge and uptake of the voting rights of adults living in mental health supported accommodation in Westminster (London) in the 2015 UK general election.AimsUnderstand patients’ awareness of their eligibility to register and cast their vote. Identify patients’ interest in engaging in the voting process and strategies to overcome potential obstacles.MethodsA staff-assisted survey was undertaken in all mental health supported accommodation across Westminster prior to the general election in May 2015.ResultsA total of 142 surveys were returned. Nine out of 10 surveyed believed they were eligible to vote; over half wanted to exercise their right to vote & if registered, a third felt they required assistance to vote.ConclusionsThe majority of community patients were positively aware of the impending general election and their own eligibility to vote. Only half wanted to exercise their right to vote, which is lower than the general population. As a third of the patients requested assistance for voting, this shows us that there are potential barriers impacting on their ability to exercise their right to vote. Staffs have an important role in promoting patient's right to vote by providing assistance with both the registering and voting process.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Knowledge and Uptake of Voting Rights By Psychiatric Inpatients in Westminster, London During the 2015 Uk General Election
Authors: Townell J. , MacLaren T. , de Ridder L. , Shanmugham S. , Argent V. , Venkataraman A. , Clarke M. , Khwaja M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionBeing able to vote empowers people with mental illness to have a political voice and promotes social inclusion. Evidence shows that patients with mental illness are less likely to vote compared to the general population.ObjectiveThis study explores the knowledge and uptake of the voting rights of adult patients in a psychiatric hospital in the 2015 UK general election.AimsTo understand patients’ eligibility and intentions to vote during the 2015 UK general election. To establish what assistance patients may require in order to vote.MethodsA staff-assisted survey was undertaken in all mental health wards in the Gordon Hospital, Westminster prior to the general election in May 2015.ResultsA total of 51 surveys were returned. Seventy-five percent thought they were eligible to vote, and 47% had already registered. Of those that had not yet registered, 37% wanted staff support to do so. Fifty-seven percent of the respondents intended to vote and of those 9 out of 10 intended to vote in person. Twenty-six percent of those intending to vote identified needing assistance in this process.ConclusionsThe majority of inpatients were aware of their eligibility to vote. Over half of the respondents planned to vote, which is lower than the UK average. As 1 in 4 patients intending to vote requested support, this suggests potential barriers impacting on their ability to exercise their right.Multidisciplinary teams can provide valuable assistance to patients in the voting process in many ways, including information provision, organisation of leave and providing staff escort.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
DSM-5 Clinical/legal Challenges Regarding the USA's Death Penalty
Authors: French L. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIn May 2013, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) published the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in order to bring America's clinical professionals in concert with the World Health Organization's (WHO) international classifications, notably the ICD-10-CM. This effort was met with considerable resistance and changes were delayed until November 2015. Major social-cultural differences between the United States and its European and other North American partners (Canada and Mexico) poses challenges in critical forensic areas such as the clinical/legal assessment of death qualified offenders – a status unique to the USA.Objective/aimsTo articulate the clinical/legal differences between the previous DSM's (III; III-R; IV) and the DSM-5 and how the new language provides greater ambiguity in defining the mental status requirements for Mens Rea – competence to understand one's actions.MethodsPresent the major legal issues surrounding the US death penalty and brought before the US Supreme Court including: Furman v. Georgia (1972); Greg v. Georgia (1976); Jared v. Texas (1976); Proffit v. Florida (1976); Adkins v. Virginia (2002); Roper v. Simmons (2005); Miller v. Alabama (2012): … and legislative actions such as Rosa's Law (Public Law 111-256; 2010).Results/conclusionsAdvocacy groups pushed Rosa's Law to mental retardation with – intellectual and developmental disability. This change is reflected in the DSM-5 whereby mental retardation (MR) was once relegated to axis II, is now classified under intellectual disabilities (ID) given the impression that it is a transitory (correctable) and not a fix (organ disability) clinical condition.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Patricide, Matricide: A Comparative Study Among Tunisian Patients With Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Ghajati B. , Ghezaiel S. , Chebbi R. , Berrahal I. , Ridha R. 
Published: May 2016

Parricide is defined as the homicide of a father or mother by a biological or adopted child. In adults, it is generally associated to a psychotic condition. Scientific research on the subject, have been mainly interested in matricide, patricide or double parricide. Studies comparing authors of patricide to those of matricide are rare.ObjectivesTo compare socio-demographic and clinical profiles of patricide and matricide patients.To compare modus operandi in matricide and patricide patients.MethodsA retrospective, descriptive and comparative study was conducted, based on medical charts’ consult. Were included patients suffering from psychotic disorders (DSM-IV), hospitalized in the forensic psychiatry department of Razi hospital between 1995 and 2015, after not being held for insanity according to article 38 of Tunisian Criminal Code. Only patients who committed patricide or matricide were included.ResultsOur sample included 26 patients (13 patricides; 13 matricides). There was non-significant differences between two groups concerning: instructional level (P = 0.277), professional status (P = 0.387) and marital status (P = 0.790). Committers of patricide and matricide did not differ in terms of psychiatric diagnosis (P = 0.242) and substance abuse (P = 0.550). A significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of schizophrenia subtypes, patricide patients suffered from a disorganized schizophrenia whereas matricide patients suffered from paranoid subtype (P = 0.05). Patricide was more frequently associated to a conflictual relationship between son and father (P = 0.05). We did not record a significant difference in the crime weapon or its motivations.ConclusionOur results helps draw a profile for parricide patients in order to help identify the ones at risk.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Peculiarities of Mental Status and Criminal Behavior in Individuals Under Cannabinoid Consumption
Authors: Martinkiene V. , Survilaite A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSubstance-related mechanism may be capable of promoting brain changes in high-risk individuals [1,2]. Cannabis use reported to be associated in long-term cognitive effects.AimTo evaluate mental status and criminal behavior in individuals under cannabinoid consumption in forensic psychiatric assessment.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of forensic psychiatry examination reports in psychoactive substance consumption cases (n = 170) in National Service of Forensic Psychiatry 2010–2014. Offenders, which were reported with cannabinoid consumption (n = 57) were assessed by socio-demographic characteristics, mental state, court order and outcome.ResultsEighty-six percent offenders with cannabinoid consumption in observed period were men. The age of offenders prevailed from 18 to 35 years with basic education; 57.9% of offenders consuming cannabinoids were single (Fig. 1).A total of 36.8% of all crimes in research group were committed against property, 31.6% – an unlawful possession of psychotropic substances, 22.8% – committed against human health, 8.8% – against public order (Fig. 2).ConclusionsImpulse control deficiency and emotion disorders were prevalent among offenders under cannabinoid consumption; 17.5% were committed irresponsible, all of them due to comorbid psychiatric disorder. More likely to offend were men, aged 18–35 years, single, who had basic or lower education.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Relationships Of Clinical, Socio-demographic and Criminal Factors in a Sample of Forensic Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Sileikaite A. , Germanavičius A. , Česnienė I. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe relationship between clinical factors and both psychosocial and criminal history characteristics among forensic psychiatric patients entering treatment in Lithuania has not been well explored.AimsThe aims and objectives of this presentation are:– to overview the clinical, socio-demographic and criminal factors in a Lithuanian sample of forensic psychiatric patients;– to demonstrate which factors were significant to violent criminal behaviour;– to address some main concerns and issues of risk assessment processes.MethodsData were collected from 325 forensic psychiatric patients’ files in one forensic psychiatric hospital in Lithuania. A sample consisted of 36 (11%) females and 289 (89%) males. The average age of patients was 41.7 years (SD = 14.0).ResultsPsychosis was the most common psychiatric diagnosis. The substance abuse problem was common in this population as well. The results of the logistic regression show that increase in patients’ substance abuse and their age was significantly associated with violent offending.ConclusionsThe study stressed an urgent need for further research of forensic patients in Lithuania.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychiatric Manifestations of Niemann-pick Type c Disease – Two Case Reports
Authors: Rebelo J. , Oliveira M. , Nunes P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionNiemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) is a rare metabolic illness, with autosomal recessive inheritance. NPCD has a heterogeneous presentation, with non-specific psychiatric symptoms, mostly affective and psychotic features and also cognitive deficits.Objectives and methodsWe present the case reports of two brothers with an adolescent-adult onset and discuss the evolution of their neuropsychiatric manifestations.ResultsThe patients have now 35 and 31 years old and the youngest was the first to develop clinical manifestations of the disease. From 16 years old, he developed unspecified neurological impairment with gait imbalance. In the next years, the neurologic manifestations exacerbated, with dysarthria, ataxic gait, and his academic performance declined. With 24 years old, he presented acute psychosis, with unstructured delusion and auditory hallucinations. The acute psychotic symptomatology remitted with olanzapine but he revealed social withdrawal, apathy and progressive cognitive decline that persist until now. His brother, whose diagnosis was made in the course of the family genetic study, developed the first signs of the NPCD with 19 years old. He presented neuropsychiatric compromise, with impaired learning, social isolation and insomnia. They are receiving specific treatment with miglustat and symptomatic treatment for the psychiatric manifestations.ConclusionsNPCD is a rare metabolic disease, with neuropsychiatric compromise. No general psychopathological profile has been associated to NPCD. Sometimes psychiatric symptoms dominate the initial clinical presentation, with neuro-visceral signs appearing later. An atypical psychiatric symptomatology should be extensively investigated in order to exclude organic causes, including metabolic diseases like NPCD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Depressive Symptoms in Older People in Greece and Cyprus
Authors: Argyropoulos K. , Panteli G. , Charalambous G. , Argyropoulou A. , Gourzis P. , Jelastopulu E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDepression is fast becoming a major public health problem with a very high prevalence rate in the 65 and over age group.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of depression in Greeks and Cypriots older adults.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among the 445 participants, 239 members of three day care centers for older people, in the municipality of Patras, West-Greece and 206 older adults (110 in the community, 65 in outpatient clinics, 31 in nursing homes) in Cyprus, aged > 60 years. A questionnaire was administered including socio-demographic characteristics. Depression was assessed using the Greek version of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15).ResultsThe overall prevalence of depression according to GDS-15 was 33% (28% moderate, 5% severe type). Depressive symptoms were more frequent in women (41,6% vs. 28,3%, P < 0,001), in not married (43,0% vs. 29,3%, P < 0,001), in elderly with chronic diseases (36,8% vs. 25,0%, P = 0,007), in older people dwellers of urban areas compared to rural (36,3% vs. 26,4%, P = 0,028) and in ages between 70 to 80 years old (38,7% vs. 31,6%, P = 0,038). Moreover, higher prevalence of depression was measured in Greeks compared to Cypriots (44,3% vs. 20,6%, P < 0,001). In a univariate analysis, the following variables were significantly associated with depression: female gender (P < 0,001), co-morbidity (P = 0,004), higher age group (P = 0,018), place of living (P = 0,022) and Greek nationality (P < 0,001).ConclusionsHigh prevalence and several risk factors are strongly associated with depression, whereas Greeks are in higher danger of developing depressive symptoms in late life, than Cypriots.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Management of Late-life Insomnia
Authors: Bravo Herrero S. , Moreno Menguiano C. , Martín Aragón R. , Gutiérrez Rodríguez M. , Cruz Fourcade J.F. , Rodríguez Criado N. , Muñoz-Calero Franco P. , Sánchez Sánchez B. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionInsomnia is the most frequent sleep disorder in late life. Forty-two percent of elderly people in the United States often complain about difficulties to get or maintain sleep, or awakening too early. Insomnia is frequent in old people greatly due to frequency of concomitant medical illnesses and polypharmacy, rather than because of age.ObjectivesThe objective of our research was to revise the current state of knowledge about management of insomnia in people above 65 years of age.MethodologyFor that, a bibliographical search through PubMed.gov has been made. From the obtained results, the 14 which best suited for our goals were selected, 10 of them dealing with people above 65 years and the rest with people above 75 or 80 years of age.ResultsBased on the literature reviewed, the current options of management of late-life insomnia are based on behavioral or pharmacological therapy. The combination of behavioral therapies shows results and is currently considered as an option, especially given the possibility of medicine interaction and the secondary effects hypnotic and sedative medicines might produce. There is a paucity of long-term safety and efficacy data for the use of non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics. There are no criteria for the use of antidepressant sedatives in elderly people without diagnosed depression, although they are still used in practice.ConclusionPossibility of using behavioral therapy as first option. In case of polymedicated or multi-pathological patients, pay special attention when starting a pharmacological treatment, choose the most suitable one and supervise it closely.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Differential Diagnosis Based on Age. Diagnostic Difficulties
Authors: Rodrígue Vargas S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionFollowing a case presented in our inpatient unit as well as various interdepartmental from internal medicine and other emergencies, we decided to conduct a literature review on the different organic causes that can trigger the onset of psychotic symptoms in elderly.ObjectivesA correct differential diagnosis of psychiatric symptoms in elderly.AimsLiterature review of the literature on the presentation of psychotic symptoms in the elderly.MethodsDescription of a clinical case and development of diagnostic hypotheses.Results and conclusionsFor several decades are experiencing a gradual aging of the population, which means that we are at the onset of clinical symptoms not described by classical authors. Furthermore, scientific advances make infectious causes (such as neurosyphilis was our first diagnostic hypothesis) are increasingly rare. The elderly usually has multiple comorbidities, which are receiving various treatments that must be ruled out possible adverse effects.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.