bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent oligo(N‐phenylmaleimide)s via aerobic radical telomerization initiated by benzylic hydrocarbons: Catalytic effect of CoII/N‐hydroxyphthalimide pair
Authors: Shen Chenyu , Zhu Rongsong , Zhai Guangqun 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTRadical oligomerization of N‐phenylmaleimide (NPMI) was performed in benzylic hydrocarbons as the solvent. The thermally induced oligomerization occurred only above 130 °C, with the initiation attributed to autoxidation of benzylic hydrocarbons as well as formation and dissociation of charge‐transfer complexes between benzylic hydrocarbons and maleimides. The end‐group analysis on oligo(N‐ethylmaleimide) prepared under similar conditions confirmed that the chain transfer to benzylic hydrocarbons was the primary fashion in forming oligomeric chains, and radical telomerization underlaid the oligomerization with benzylic hydrocarbons as both the solvent, the initiator and the telogen. CoII/N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) pairs could catalyze the telomerization at 110 °C. In such a catalytic process, CoII‐based oxidative complexes oxidized benzylic hydrocarbons and NHPI into benzylic radicals and phthalimide N‐oxyl (PINO), and benzylic hydrocarbons underwent hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) to PINO. Oligo(NPMI)s were formed via HAT with benzylic hydrocarbons and NHPI. These oligo(NPMI)s exhibited fluorescent properties with excitation at 270–350 nm and 400–550 nm and emission at 530–750 nm. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3846–3857
Data‐driven methods towards learning the highly nonlinear inverse kinematics of tendon‐driven surgical manipulators
Authors: Xu Wenjun , Chen Jie , Lau Henry Y.K. , Ren Hongliang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundAccurate motion control of flexible surgical manipulators is crucial in tissue manipulation tasks. The tendon‐driven serpentine manipulator (TSM) is one of the most widely adopted flexible mechanisms in minimally invasive surgery because of its enhanced maneuverability in torturous environments. TSM, however, exhibits high nonlinearities and conventional analytical kinematics model is insufficient to achieve high accuracy.MethodsTo account for the system nonlinearities, we applied a data driven approach to encode the system inverse kinematics. Three regression methods: extreme learning machine (ELM), Gaussian mixture regression (GMR) and K‐nearest neighbors regression (KNNR) were implemented to learn a nonlinear mapping from the robot 3D position states to the control inputs.ResultsThe performance of the three algorithms was evaluated both in simulation and physical trajectory tracking experiments. KNNR performed the best in the tracking experiments, with the lowest RMSE of 2.1275 mm.ConclusionsThe proposed inverse kinematics learning methods provide an alternative and efficient way to accurately model the tendon driven flexible manipulator.
Structure‐Based Design of NH‐modified α‐Galactosyl Ceramide (KRN7000) Analogues and Their Biological Activities
Authors: Hung Jung‐Tung , Sawant Ratnnadeep C. , Wang Sheng‐Hung , Huang Jing‐Rong , Huang Chung‐Li , Yang Shih‐An , Shelke Ganesh B. , Yu John , Yu Alice L. , Luo Shun‐Yuan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractInvariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play an important role in the immune system and the previous discovery of their activation by α‐galactosyl ceramide (α‐GalCer) has provided a new armamentarium for immune modulation via stimulation of iNKT cells. Our recent findings showed that N‐methylated α‐GalCer (NCH3‐α‐GalCer) has little activity in iNKT cell stimulation. In this study, we used computer simulation to elucidate the negative impact of a methyl group at the amide moiety of α‐GalCer on the interaction with CD1d. Based on computer modeling of the ternary complex of CD1d, glycolipid and TCR of NKT, we hypothesized that OH substitution at the C‐5 of the phytosphingosine chain of NCH3‐α‐GalCer might form a hydrogen bond with CD1d and stabilize the CD1d‐glycolipid complex. In addition, the stereochemical configuration at the C‐3 and C‐5 might play an important role in the activity of NCH3‐α‐GalCer. We accordingly generated NCH3‐α‐GalCer analogues containing OH substitution at the C‐5 with different stereochemical configurations of OH at the C‐3 and C‐5 of phytosphingosine chain (2 a‐2 d) by a direct and simple synthetic strategy, including coupling pyrano‐reducing sugars with D‐galactosyl iodide, functional group transformations and installing a methyl group at the amide group of α‐GalCer. Activities of these analogues were evaluated in vitro with CD1d‐expressing A20 cells and murine NK1.2 cells and in vivo in C57BL/6 mouse. As compared to NCH3‐α‐GalCer (2), analogues 2 a showed significantly increased production of IL‐2 in vitro and various cytokines, including IL‐4 and IL‐2, in vivo. In addition, the (3S)‐OH (2 a and 2 d) showed better activities than those with (3R)‐OH (2 b and 2 c). These results suggested that addition of OH group at the C‐5 of phytosphingosine chain of α‐GalCer could restore the activity of NCH3‐α‐GalCer and that S configuration at the position C‐3 and C‐5 of the phytosphingosine chain could dictate their immunomodulatory activities. Above all, structure‐activity relationship analyses with in silico modeling can facilitate the design of NKT‐stimulatory glycolipids as immune‐modulating agents.
A Tetraphenylethene‐Based Rhodamine Hydrazone Chemosensor for Colorimetric and Reversible Detection of Cu2+
Authors: Yang Yang , Gao Chao‐Ying , Li Tingting , Chen Jing 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA tetraphenylethene (TPE) based rhodamine hydrazone compoundRbTS has been synthesized by condensation of 2‐hydroxy‐5‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)benzaldehyde and rhodamine B hydrazide. It exhibitsaggregation‐induced emission(AIE)behavior when the water fractionis more than 40 %. In Tris‐HCl buffered EtOH‐H2O solution (1:2, v:v), the chemosensor RbTS shows remarkably enhanced absorbance intensity and visual color changes from colorless to purple after the addition of Cu2+. The response is based on the spirolactam opening process and formation of a 1:1 metal‐ligand complex. The absorbance signals of RbTS can be restored by addition of EDTA into the solutions of RbTS‐Cu2+, which demonstrated that the binding of RbTS and Cu2+ is chemically reversible. The detection limit of RbTS for Cu2+ is below 10−6 M in the neutral aqueous system.The results indicate that RbTScould be used as a suitable “naked eye” and reversible indicator for Cu2+ ions.
Split G‐Quadruplex‐Based Label‐Free and Enzyme‐Free System for the Construction of Multiple‐Input Logic Gates
Authors: Zhu Qi , Gao Ying , Li Yunhui 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn the present work, a three‐input AND gate and a three‐input majority gate were conceptually realized in a label‐free and enzyme‐free system by taking the advantage of fluorescent split G‐quadruplex probe. Building on the simple hybridization reactions among different inputs, our system is much more cost‐effective and easier in operation without any usage of nanomaterials or enzymes.
Halide Ion Mediated Aldehyde‐Amine Condensation Leading to Schiff–base and Cyclized Non‐Schiff–base Ligand Complexes of CdII: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Purkait Suranjana , Chakraborty Prateeti , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Massera Chiara , Das Debasis 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe reactions of pyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde with aminoalcohols N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine and 2‐(3‐aminopropylamino)ethanol in presence of CdIIX2 (X=Cl, Br, I) have been investigated. Structure analyses reveal that four complexes, namely [Cd2(L1)2(Br)4] (2), [Cd(L1)(I)2](3), [Cd(L1)(Br)2] (5) and [Cd(L2)(I)2] (6) are formed with the expected Schiff‐base ligands (E)‐2‐(2‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyleneamino)ethylamino)ethanol (L1) and (E)‐2‐(3‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyleneamino)propylamino)ethanol (L2). Interestingly, when X=Cl two dinuclear complexes of general formula [Cd2(L1C/L2C)2(Cl)4] (complex 1 and 4, respectively) have been structurally characterized, where the ligands are no longer Schiff‐bases but contain an imidazolidine/hexahydro‐pyrimidine cyclic part instead [L1C = 2‐(2‐Pyridin‐2‐yl‐imidazolidin‐1‐yl)‐ethanol and L2C = 2‐(2‐Pyridin‐2‐yl‐tetrahydro‐pyrimidin‐1‐yl)‐ethanol]. In order to understand whether the solid state structure is retained in solution various NMR analysis like 1H, 13C NMR and DEPT‐135 have been performed. When X=I, the equilibrium is shifted towards the formation of the Schiff‐base ligands, thus complexes 3 and 6 are obtained as sole products. However, with X=Br or Cl, a mixture of products is present, comprising complexes containing both Schiff‐bases as well as cyclized ligands. DFT calculations have been performed to rationalize the influence of the halide ligands on the reactivity of the Schiff‐base and the formation of the cyclized ligand.
Educating and Empowering Children for Governing in the Anthropocene: A Case Study of Children's Homes in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ariyadasa Eshantha 
Published: September 2016

Educating children and young people on how to care for the environment is the focus of this paper. Today's children will encounter the adverse effects of global population growth and subsequent pollution by adults at the expense of the environment. Thus, it is important to draw children's attention to carbon footprints and climatic changes. Through participation, they will have opportunities to learn more about the implications of the way we choose to live our lives in the short, medium, and long terms. Children learn about their rights and responsibilities by being given the opportunity to express their ideas and to translate policy into practice through small‐scale interventions that make a difference to this generation and succeeding ones. Such interventions can include lessons on recycling, use, and reuse of resources, composting, organic and ethical farming, water and energy conservation techniques, and much more.The essence of this paper has been extracted from my Participatory Action Research (PAR) on the life chances of young children in voluntary children's homes in Sri Lanka. This PAR largely employs qualitative investigations to manipulate the information collected during the study in order to assess and evaluate the findings. During the PAR, it was identified that some children's homes have initiated a few enhanced ecosystem governance practices that redress problems associated with the worst aspects of industrialization. These practices promote the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature and have adopted the concerns of critical systemic thinking with consequent improvement of human well‐being and ecosystem health. The potential of these homes to provide education for these vulnerable children by improving their ability to deliver stewardship responsibilities towards the environment should never be underestimated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mosaic world: puzzles revealed by adult neural stem cell heterogeneity
Authors: Chaker Zayna , Codega Paolo , Doetsch Fiona 
Published: September 2016

Neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in specialized niches in the adult mammalian brain. The ventricular–subventricular zone (V‐SVZ), adjacent to the lateral ventricles, gives rise to olfactory bulb (OB) neurons, and some astrocytes and oligodendrocytes throughout life. In vitro assays have been widely used to retrospectively identify NSCs. However, cells that behave as stem cells in vitro do not reflect the identity, diversity, and behavior of NSCs in vivo. Novel tools including fluorescence activated cell sorting, lineage‐tracing, and clonal analysis have uncovered multiple layers of adult V‐SVZ NSC heterogeneity, including proliferation state and regional identity. In light of these findings, we reexamine the concept of adult NSCs, considering heterogeneity as a key parameter for analyzing their dynamics in vivo. V‐SVZ NSCs form a mosaic of quiescent (qNSCs) and activated cells (aNSCs) that reside in regionally distinct microdomains, reflecting their regional embryonic origins, and give rise to specific subtypes of OB interneurons. Prospective purification and transcriptome analysis of qNSCs and aNSCs has illuminated their molecular and functional properties. qNSCs are slowly dividing, have slow kinetics of neurogenesis in vivo, can be recruited to regenerate the V‐SVZ, and only rarely give rise to in vitro colonies. aNSCs are highly proliferative, undergo rapid clonal expansion of the neurogenic lineage in vivo, and readily form in vitro colonies. Key open questions remain about stem cell dynamics in vivo and the lineage relationship between qNSCs and aNSCs under homeostasis and regeneration, as well as context‐dependent plasticity of regionally distinct adult NSCs under different external stimuli. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:640–658. doi: 10.1002/wdev.248This article is categorized under:

Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Methods and Principles
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cells and Aging
Towards port infrastructure adaptation: a global port climate risk analysis
Authors: Mutombo Kana , Ölçer Aykut 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this paper, a new concept of “port climate risk exposure function along the sea–land boundary axis” is introduced as a critical component towards port adaptation. This concept derived from a global survey which was conducted over 29 countries to assess perceived climate risks to port infrastructure from relevant experts. The methodology used 48 climate scenarios developed based on existing data. Ultimately, this paper serves as a global climate risk indicator to guide further adaptive initiatives in ports.
Multiple comorbid neuropathologies in the setting of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology and implications for drug development
Authors: Rabinovici Gil D. , Carrillo Maria C. , Forman Mark , DeSanti Susan , Miller David S. , Kozauer Nicholas , Petersen Ronald C. , Randolph Christopher , Knopman David S. , Smith Eric E. , Isaac Maria , Mattsson Niklas , Bain Lisa J. , Hendrix James A. , Sims John R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDementia is often characterized as being caused by one of several major diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), cerebrovascular disease, Lewy body disease, or a frontotemporal degeneration. Failure to acknowledge that more than one entity may be present precludes attempts to understand interactive relationships. The clinicopathological studies of dementia demonstrate that multiple pathologic processes often coexist.How overlapping pathologic findings affect the diagnosis and treatment of clinical AD and other dementia phenotypes was the topic taken up by the Alzheimer's Association's Research Roundtable in October 2014. This review will cover the neuropathologic basis of dementia, provide clinical perspectives on multiple pathologies, and discuss therapeutics and biomarkers targeting overlapping pathologies and how these issues impact clinical trials.High prevalence of multiple pathologic findings among individuals with clinical diagnosis of AD suggests that new treatment strategies may be needed to effectively treat AD and other dementing illnesses.
Generalizations of Furstenberg’s Diophantine result
Authors: KATZ ASAF 
Published: September 2016

We prove two generalizations of Furstenberg’s Diophantine result regarding the density of an orbit of an irrational point in the$1$-torus under the action of multiplication by a non-lacunary multiplicative semigroup of$\mathbb{N}$. We show that for any sequences$\{a_{n}\},\{b_{n}\}\subset \mathbb{Z}$for which the quotients of successive elements tend to$1$as$n$goes to infinity, and any infinite sequence$\{c_{n}\}$, the set$\{a_{n}b_{m}c_{k}x:n,m,k\in \mathbb{N}\}$is dense modulo$1$for every irrational$x$. Moreover, by ergodic-theoretical methods, we prove that if$\{a_{n}\},\{b_{n}\}$are a sequence having smooth$p$-adic interpolation for some prime number$p$, then for every irrational$x$, the sequence$\{p^{n}a_{m}b_{k}x:n,m,k\in \mathbb{N}\}$is dense modulo 1.
The future is Nye: an extension of the perfect plastic approximation to tidewater glaciers
Authors: ULTEE LIZZ , BASSIS JEREMY 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTAccurate modeling of calving glaciers relies on knowledge of many processes (ice flow, surface/submarine melting, calving, mélange interaction) and glacier-specific factors (air temperature, ocean circulation, precipitation rate, glacier geometry) that remain challenging to assess. Iceberg calving, especially, is important to glacier mass loss and difficult to resolve in currently-available models. Given these challenges facing even the most sophisticated models, there is value in simple, computationally-efficient models that can capture first-order effects. In this study we derive a simple model, extending Nye's perfect plastic approximation to include a yield surface at the calving front. With one climate-related input—either an upstream glacier thinning rate or glacier-wide accumulation—this model is able to simulate the advance and retreat of marine-terminating glaciers on annual to decadal scales. Our model requires knowledge of only two glacier-specific factors: glacier bed topography and basal shear strength, both reasonably constrained by laboratory and field observations. We apply the model to a case study of Columbia Glacier, Alaska and show that, despite its simplicity, the model succeeds in reproducing observed centerline profiles and rates of terminus retreat up to 2007.
The Boothiaspidinae, a new agnathan subfamily (Heterostraci, Cyathaspididae) from the late Silurian and Early Devonian of the western United States and the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Elliott David K. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThree new species of the new genusPhyllonaspisare described from Early Devonian localities in the western United States.Phyllonaspis laevis,P.serratus, andP.taphensisare broad, flattened cyathaspids with lateral brims and fine dermal ornament, that show a close relationship to the cyathaspidsBoothiaspisandAlainaspisfrom the late Silurian and Early Devonian of the Canadian Arctic. These taxa are here accommodated within the new subfamily Boothiaspidinae within the family Cyathaspididae. This relationship supports previous evidence of faunal connection between these two areas and indicates dispersal around the Old Red Sandstone Continent from a center in the Canadian Arctic. Isolated oral plates allow a reconstruction of the oral cover and increase our knowledge of the range of oral structures in this family.
The effects of selenium supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Bahmani Fereshteh , Kia Mahsa , Soleimani Alireza , Mohammadi Ali Akbar , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study was carried out to assess the effects of Se supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among sixty patients with DN. Patients were randomly divided into two groups to take either 200 µg/d Se supplements as Se yeast (n30) or placebo (n30) for 12 weeks. In unadjusted analyses, compared with the placebo, Se supplementation led to a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (−1069·2 (sd1752·2)v. −135·3 (sd1258·9) ng/ml,P=0·02), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) (−612·3 (sd679·6)v. +76·0 (sd309·1) ng/ml,P<0·001) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (−0·1 (sd0·7)v. +0·4 (sd0·9) µmol/l,P=0·01). In addition, a significant increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (+174·9 (sd203·9)v. +15·8 (sd382·2) mmol/l,P=0·04) was observed following supplementation with Se compared with the placebo. Subjects who received Se supplements experienced a borderline statistically significant decrease in serum protein carbonyl (PCO) levels (P=0·06) compared with the placebo. When we adjusted the analysis for baseline values of biochemical parameters, age and BMI, serum hs-CRP (P=0·14) and MDA levels (P=0·16) became non-significant, whereas plasma nitric oxide (NO) (P=0·04) and glutathione (GSH) (P<0·001) became statistically significant, and other findings did not change. Supplementation with Se had no significant effect on NO, transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β), advanced glycation end products (AGE), PCO and GSH compared with the placebo. Overall, our study demonstrated that Se supplementation among DN patients had favourable effects on serum MMP-2, plasma NO, TAC and GSH, but did not affect hs-CRP, TGF-β, AGE, PCO and MDA.
SOCIAL CAPITAL AND ADOLESCENT GIRLS’ RESILIENCE TO TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN BEGORO, GHANA
Authors: Gyan Sylvia Esther , Ahorlu Collins , Dzorgbo Dan-Bright S. , Fayorsey Clara K. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis study focuses on how older adolescent girls access and utilize social capital to develop resilience against teenage pregnancy in Begoro, Ghana. A survey of 419 non-pregnant girls aged 15–19 years, selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling technique, was conducted in 2012. Qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews with ten girls purposively selected from the survey respondents. Parents, relatives, teachers and religious groups were found to be important sources of social capital for the non-pregnant girls in developing resilience against teenage pregnancy. In addition, resilient girls tended to rely on multiple sources of social capital. It is recommended that stakeholders and policymakers in Ghana ensure that these significant sources of social capital in adolescent girls’ sexual experience are equipped with the right information to help girls decrease the risk of teenage pregnancy.
Psychosocial health and quality of life among children with cardiac diagnoses: agreement and discrepancies between parent and child reports
Authors: Patel Bhavika J. , Lai Lillian , Goldfield Gary , Sananes Renee , Longmuir Patricia E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPsychosocial health issues are common among children with cardiac diagnoses. Understanding parent and child perceptions is important because parents are the primary health information source. Significant discrepancies have been documented between parent/child quality-of-life data but have not been examined among psychosocial diagnostic instruments. This study examined agreement and discrepancies between parent and child reports of psychosocial health and quality of life in the paediatric cardiology population. Children (n=50, 6–14 years) with diagnoses of CHDs (n=38), arrhythmia (n=5), cardiomyopathy (n=4), or infectious disease affecting the heart (n=3) were enrolled, completing one or more outcome measures. Children and their parents completed self-reports and parent proxy reports of quality of life – Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory – and psychosocial health – Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children (Version 2). Patients also completed the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children. Associations (Pearson’s correlations, Intraclass Correlation Coefficients) and differences (Student’s t-tests) between parent proxy reports and child self-reports were evaluated. Moderate parent–child correlations were found for physical (R=0.33, p=0.03), school (R=0.43, p<0.01), social (R=0.36, p=0.02), and overall psychosocial (R=0.43, p<0.01) quality of life. Parent–child reports of externalising behaviour problems, for example aggression, were strongly correlated (R=0.70, p<0.01). No significant parent–child associations were found for emotional quality of life (R=0.25, p=0.10), internalising problems (R=0.17, p=0.56), personal adjustment/adaptation skills (R=0.23, p=0.42), or anxiety (R=0.07, p=0.72). Our data suggest that clinicians caring for paediatric cardiac patients should assess both parent and child perspectives, particularly in relation to domains such as anxiety and emotional quality of life, which are more difficult to observe.