bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated models to support multiobjective ecological restoration decisions
Authors: Fraser Hannah , Rumpff Libby , Yen Jian D. L. , Robinson Doug , Wintle Brendan A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMany objectives motivate ecological restoration, including improving vegetation condition, increasing the range and abundance of threatened species, and improving species richness and diversity. Although models have been used to examine the outcomes of ecological restoration, few researchers have attempted to develop models to account for multiple, potentially competing objectives. We developed a combined state‐and‐transition, species‐distribution model to predict the effects of restoration actions on vegetation condition and extent, bird diversity, and the distribution of several bird species in southeastern Australian woodlands. The actions reflected several management objectives. We then validated the models against an independent data set and investigated how the best management decision might change when objectives were valued differently. We also used model results to identify effective restoration options for vegetation and bird species under a constrained budget. In the examples we evaluated, no one action (improving vegetation condition and extent, increasing bird diversity, or increasing the probability of occurrence for threatened species) provided the best outcome across all objectives. In agricultural lands, the optimal management actions for promoting the occurrence of the Brown Treecreeper (Climacteris picumnus), an iconic threatened species, resulted in little improvement in the extent of the vegetation and a high probability of decreased vegetation condition. This result highlights that the best management action in any situation depends on how much the different objectives are valued. In our example scenario, no management or weed control were most likely to be the best management options to satisfy multiple restoration objectives. Our approach to exploring trade‐offs in management outcomes through integrated modeling and structured decision‐support approaches has wide application for situations in which trade‐offs exist between competing conservation objectives.
Simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation: Incidence and risk factors for amputation after 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: MacCraith Eoin , Davis Niall F. , Browne Cliodhna , Mohan Ponnusamy , Hickey David 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of amputation after simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplantation ranges from 9.5% to 23% after 5 years of follow‐up. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors for amputation in SPK transplant patients compared to kidney transplantation alone (KTA) after a minimum follow‐up of 10 years.MethodsAn analysis was performed on a prospectively maintained database of 81 SPK transplants and 43 KTA consecutively performed in one center for insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus between December 1992 and January 2006. Primary outcome variables were incidence of amputation per patient, total number of amputations, and type of amputation performed. Data are presented as a mean ± standard deviation.ResultsSeven patients (9%) in the SPK cohort and one patient (2%) in the KTA cohort underwent amputation (P<.001). One amputee had pancreas allograft failure prior to amputation. Fifteen amputations were performed in total and four patients required ≥2 amputations. The latency period between transplantation and amputation was 133.57±49.43 months in the SPK cohort and 168 months in the KTA group.ConclusionsThe incidence of amputation after SPK transplantation is approximately 9% after 10‐year follow‐up. Patients are at a significantly greater risk of amputation after SPK transplantation compared to KTA for type 1 diabetes despite insulin independence.
Histological assessment of regenerative endodontic treatment in animal studies with different scaffolds: A systematic review
Authors: Altaii Milad , Richards Lindsay , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground/aimThe concept of regenerative endodontic procedures remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histology of the tissues formed in immature animal teeth with necrotic and infected pulps after attempted endodontic regeneration procedures using different scaffolds.DesignA systematic electronic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, DOSS, and Cochrane Library databases. The terms used were a combination of the following: “immature permanent necrotic tooth or teeth” or “open apex or apices” and “regeneration or revitalization or revascularization” and “histology.” The inclusion criteria comprised animal studies with histological examination following regenerative endodontics in immature necrotic‐infected permanent teeth.ResultsFrom 123 screened studies, 13 met the inclusion criteria. Formation of dentin‐like tissue on the dentinal walls was reported in only 4% of teeth treated with blood clot scaffold and 2% treated with blood clot with additional materials. Cementum‐like hard tissue was found in 64% of teeth with blood clot, 80% treated with blood clot with additional materials, 50% treated with alternative scaffolds, and 5% that were left empty. Bone‐like tissue was reported in 10% of teeth treated with blood clot, 2% treated with blood clot with additional materials, and 4% treated with alternative scaffolds. The tissues in the canal space were found to be connective tissue with infiltration of fibroblast‐like cells and blood vessels. Forty‐six percent of the studies reported formation of periodontal ligament‐like tissues.ConclusionsNone of the regeneration protocols resulted in the predictable formation of a true pulp‐dentin complex.
Spectroscopic properties of Yb2+ in aluminosilicate glass
Authors: Assadi A. A. , Herrmann A. , Damak K. , Rüssel C. , Maalej R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn contrast to Yb3+ which is a well‐investigated optically active ion, the spectroscopic properties of its divalent counterpart Yb2+ in glasses are hardly investigated, although Yb2+ might have a notable influence on the luminescence properties of Yb3+‐doped glasses even at low Yb2+ concentrations because of its strong f‐d transitions. In this paper, we report on the preparation and spectroscopic properties of Yb2+‐doped aluminosilicate glasses that were produced using the normal melt‐quench technique. The glass composition is 20CaO·20Al2O3·60SiO2 (mol%). To achieve a sufficient amount of Yb2+ in the samples, different methods were applied to influence the red‐ox equilibrium during glass melting: firstly, under argon atmosphere and additional argon bubbling, and secondly by the addition of metallic aluminum powder to the batch. The strongly reduced samples show a greenish to brownish yellow coloring which could be attributed to the strong absorption of Yb2+ ions in the UV to blue spectral range. The absolute Yb2+ concentration in the glass and the molar extinction coefficient of Yb2+ was obtained by spectroscopic measurements. If irradiated with UV light, the Yb2+‐doped samples show a broad fluorescence emission in the wavelength range from 450 to 700 nm with a peak at around 515 nm.
Quality dependence study on dimensions for plano‐concave molded glass lenses
Authors: Zhou Jian , Li Lihua , Gong Feng , Liu Kun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA comprehensive study was conducted to analyze the quality dependence of a plano‐concave molded glass lens on its own dimensions, i.e. the effective diameter, sag ratio, and center thickness ratio. To achieve this goal, a thermal‐displacement coupled finite element analysis was carried out on the whole molding process, in order to get the results of curve deviation, temperature gradient, and residual stress with sets of variations in these dimensions. Then Taguchi method, one approach for design of experiments, was incorporated to conduct sensitivity analysis on the simulation results to figure out the dominating sequence of these dimensions. The results show that the effective diameter is the most influential factor among these three dimensions. In addition, curve deviation is sensitively proportional to diameter and sag ratio, but decreases insignificantly with greater center thickness ratio. However, residual stress is distinctly proportional to diameter and center thickness ratio, but increases very slightly with greater sag ratio. Results also confirmed the consequential relationship between temperature gradient and residual stress. These discoveries are fundamentally meaningful in getting an overall understanding of the dimensions’ influence on the molded lens quality, thus will help make decision in choosing proper dimensions for optical design.
Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the effects of heating temperature and time on braised beef
Authors: Sun Hong‐Xia , Huang Feng , Ding Zhen‐Jiang , Zhang Chun‐Jiang , Zhang Liang , Zhang Hong 
Published: March 2017

SummaryWe investigated the characteristics of water mobility and distribution in Chinese braised beef after treatment at different temperatures for different times using low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR). The beef was heated at 45, 55, 65, 75, 85 or 95 °C for 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. Results showed that T2 changed significantly with heating temperature. T21 and A21 decreased significantly with increasing temperature below 65 °C, with a steady phase from 75 to 95 °C, which agreed with cooking loss. Inversely, T22 had no changes below 65 °C and changed apparently from 75 to 95 °C. The change in T21 below 65 °C may be related to proteins denaturation and shrinkage and, above 65 °C, T22 possibly induced by the dissolution of connective tissue. The characteristics of braised beef at 65 °C were different from those at other temperatures in T2 distributions. The findings could provide a theoretical basis for the processing of Chinese braised beef.
The susceptible HLA class II alleles and their presenting epitope(s) in Goodpasture's disease
Authors: Xie Li‐jun , Cui Zhao , Chen Fang‐jin , Pei Zhi‐yong , Hu Shui‐Yi , Gu Qiu‐hua , Jia Xiao‐yu , Zhu Li , Zhou Xu‐jie , Zhang Hong , Liao Yun‐hua , Lai Lu‐hua , Hudson Billy G. , Zhao Ming‐hui 
Published: March 2017

SummaryGoodpasture's disease is closely associated with HLA, particularly DRB1*1501. Other susceptible or protective HLA alleles are not clearly elucidated. The presentation models of epitopes by susceptible HLA alleles are also unclear. We genotyped 140 Chinese patients and 599 controls for four‐digit HLA II genes, and extracted the encoding sequences from the IMGT/HLA database. T‐cell epitopes of α3(IV)NC1 were predicted and the structures of DR molecule‐peptide—T‐cell receptor were constructed. We confirmed DRB1*1501 (OR = 4·6, P = 5·7 × 10−28) to be a risk allele for Goodpasture's disease. Arginine at position 13 (ARG13) (OR = 4·0, P = 1·0 × 10−17) and proline at position 11 (PRO11) (OR = 4·0, P = 2·0 × 10−17) on DRβ1, encoded by DRB1*1501, were associated with disease susceptibility. α134–148 (HGWISLWKGFSFIMF) was predicted as a T‐cell epitope presented by DRB1*1501. Isoleucine137, tryptophan140, glycine142, phenylalanine143 and phenylalanine145, were presented in peptide‐binding pockets 1, 4, 6, 7 and 9 of DR2b, respectively. ARG13 in pocket 4 interacts with tryptophan140 and forms a hydrogen bond. In conclusion, we propose a mechanism for DRB1*1501 susceptibility for Goodpasture's disease through encoding ARG13 and PRO11 on MHC‐DRβ1 chain and presenting T‐cell epitope, α134–148, with five critical residues.
Fully coupled electromagnetic‐thermal‐mechanical comparative simulation of direct vs hybrid microwave sintering of 3Y‐ZrO2
Authors: Manière Charles , Zahrah Tony , Olevsky Eugene A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDirect and hybrid microwave sintering of 3Y‐ZrO2 are comparatively studied at frequency of 2.45 GHz. Using the continuum theory of sintering, a fully coupled electromagnetic‐thermal‐mechanical (EMTM) finite element simulation is carried out to predict powder samples deformation during their microwave processing. Direct and hybrid heating configurations are computationally tested using advanced heat transfer simulation tools including the surface to surface thermal radiation boundary conditions and a numeric proportional‐integral‐derivative regulation (PID). The developed modeling framework shows a good agreement of the calculation results with the known experimental data on the microwave sintering of 3Y‐ZrO2 in terms of the densification kinetics. It is shown that the direct heating configuration renders highly hot spot effects resulting in nonhomogenous densification causing processed specimen's final shape distortions. Compared with the direct heating, the hybrid heating configuration provides a reduction of the thermal inhomogeneity along with a densification homogenization. As a result of the hybrid heating, the total densification of the specimen is attained without specimen distortions. It is also shown that the reduction of the sample size has a stabilization effect on the temperature and relative density spatial distributions.
Structure and analgesic properties of layered double hydroxides intercalated with low amounts of ibuprofen
Authors: Sousa Robson , Jouin Jenny , Masson Olivier , Remondiere Fabien , Lemarchand Alex , Colas Maggy , Thomas Philippe , Lameira Jerônimo , Bastos Gilmara N. T. , Lima Anderson B. , Nascimento José L. M. , Anicete‐Santos Marcos , Monteiro Waldinei R. , Alves Cláudio N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIbuprofen‐intercalated layered double hydroxides (LDH‐IBU) have been successfully synthesized via a coprecipitation method with a nominal [Al3+]/[Mg2+] ratio of 0.5 and a variable molar IBU/([Al3+]+[Mg2+]) ratio of 0, 0.15, 0.18, 0.24, 0.36, and 0.72. After an accurate determination of the composition, the nature of the intercalated species and the effective intercalation yield from to IBU, it is shown that the synthesis route used allows a good control of the quantity of intercalated IBU within the LDH framework. This results in different samples with full or partial IBU intercalation in the interlayer space in exchange of nitrate anions. The analysis of the X‐ray diffraction basal reflections reveals that the intercalation of IBU in the framework only increases the basal distances with no alteration of the brucite‐type layers. Also, a computational study used to model the positions and shapes of the basal reflections showed that the structure of the nonfully intercalated compounds follows a random interstratification scheme. Finally, three samples ranging from slightly to fully IBU‐intercalated galleries were selected for preliminary in vivo assays. These tests showed a strong tendency that after 24 hours the low yield of IBU‐intercalated compounds are almost as efficient as the fully intercalated sample.
Grain growth and pore coarsening in dense nano‐crystalline UO2+x fuel pellets
Authors: Yao Tiankai , Mo Kun , Yun Di , Nanda Sonal , Yacout Abedellatif M. , Lian Jie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDense nano‐sized UO2+x pellets are synthesized by spark plasma sintering with controlled stoichiometries (UO2.03 and UO2.11) and grain sizes (~100 nm), and subsequently isothermally annealed to study their effects on grain growth kinetics and microstructure stability. The grain growth kinetics is determined and analyzed focusing on the interaction between grain boundary migration, pore growth, and coalescence. Grains grow much bigger in nano‐sized UO2.11 than UO2.03 upon thermal annealing, consistent with the fact that hyper‐stoichiometric UO2+x is beneficial for sintering due to enhanced U ion diffusion from excessive O ion interstitials. The activation energies of the grain growth for UO2.03 and UO2.11 are determined as ~1.0 and ~2.0 eV, respectively. As compared with the micrometer‐sized UO2 in which volumetric diffusion dominates the grain coarsening with an activation energy of ~3.0 eV, the enhanced grain growth kinetics in nano‐sized UO2+x suggests that grain boundary diffusion controls grain growth. The higher activation energy of more hyper‐stoichiometric nano‐sized UO2.11 may be attributed to the excessive O interstitials pinning grain boundary migration.
Effect of metallic Ag growth on the electrical resistance of 3D flower‐like Ag4V2O7 crystals
Authors: de Oliveira Regiane C. , Zanetti Sonia M. , Assis Marcelo , Penha Maya , Mondego Mayara , Cilense Mario , Longo Elson , Cavalcante Laécio S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this communication, we report for the first time the nucleation and growth of metallic Ag nanoparticles on the surface of 3D flower‐like Ag4V2O7 crystals, induced by accelerated electron beam irradiation. The growth of metallic Ag on the surfaces of Ag4V2O7 crystals were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDXS). According to TEM images and EDXS analyses, exposure to the electron beam induces a reduction process and the growth of metallic Ag nanoparticles on the surface of Ag4V2O7 crystals. Moreover, the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry measurements indicated an excess of Ag and V vacancies at Ag4V2O7 lattice. Finally, it was observed that the electrical resistance varies considerably with the exposure time to electron beam irradiation.
Evidence of simian retrovirus type D by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Hwa Christian Z.R. , Tsai Sheung Pun , Yee JoAnn L. , Van Rompay Koen K. , Roberts Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundOver the past few years, there have been reports of finding Simian retrovirus type D (SRV) in macaque colonies where some animals were characterized as antibody positive but virus negative raising questions about how SRV was transmitted or whether there is a variant strain detected by antibody but not polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in current use.MethodsWe developed a three‐round nested PCR assay using degenerate primers targeting the pol gene to detect for SRV serotypes 1‐5 and applied this newly validated PCR assay to test macaque DNA samples collected in China from 2010 to 2015.ResultsUsing the nested PCR assay validated in this study, we found 0.15% of the samples archived on FTA® cards were positive.ConclusionsThe source of SRV infection identified within domestic colonies might have originated from imported macaques. The multiplex nested PCR assay developed here may supplement the current assays for SRV.
Seasonal changes in the biochemical composition of females and offspring of red squat lobster, Pleuroncodes monodon (Decapoda, Munididae), from the Southeastern Pacific
Authors: Bascur Miguel , Guzmán Fabián , Mora Sergio , Urzúa Ángel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPleuroncodes monodon is an important fishery resource and key species from the Southeastern Pacific. During its prolonged reproductive period (from February to December), ovigerous females are exposed to seasonal variation in environmental factors (e.g. temperature and food availability), with higher levels of these environmental parameters during summer and lower in winter, and must adjust their biochemistry to ensure their own survival and that of their embryos. The aim of this study was to analyse seasonal changes in the biochemical composition of ovigerous females and their eggs. The data show that the content of lipids, proteins and organic matter in the hepatopancreases of females was significantly higher in winter than in summer. Similarly, the lipid content of the eggs was significantly higher in winter than in summer, yet the protein content of the eggs had the opposite pattern with greater values found in summer. Consistent with the ‘reproductive energetic model’, the initial and final energy produced by the hepatopancreas showed significant seasonal variations, whereas female investment in egg production (in absolute values) did not show significant seasonal differences. The seasonal differences observed in the biochemistry, organic matter and energy content of the female hepatopancreases may be related to the storage of energy for growth and reproduction. Furthermore, the seasonal variation in the content of lipids, proteins and energy in eggs is likely related to embryogenesis and larval hatching in function with environmental conditions. Seasonal variation in the biochemical composition of P. monodon has direct effects on the marine food web and also upon fisheries.
Differential host use affects fecundity of the gastropod Crepidula onyx
Authors: Von Tungeln Amber R. , Pernet Bruno 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFor epibiotic or symbiotic marine invertebrates, alternative host species may differ substantially in quality, and under some circumstances such differences in host quality may lead to the evolution of increased host specificity. However, the fitness consequences of alternative hosts for epibiotic or symbiotic marine invertebrates have rarely been quantified. In Southern California, the gastropod Crepidula onyx is often found as an epibiont on either bay mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) or cone snails (Conus californicus). These hosts differ greatly in maximum size, with possible effects on size at sex change and final size in Cr. onyx, and thus on fecundity. Further, Cr. onyx on the two hosts differ in shell shape, possibly affecting the size of the ctenidium, which Cr. onyx uses for suspension feeding. We examined these potential effects of host use on fitness components in Cr. onyx. Epibionts on mussels reached much larger average sizes than did those on cone snails; further, epibionts on mussels often completed sex change at much larger sizes than did those on cone snails. On average, mussel epibionts had threefold higher average fecundities than did cone snail epibionts. Although there was a slight difference in shell shape between epibionts on the two host species, there was no difference in the scaling of ctenidium area with body size for Cr. onyx from the two hosts. The large average differences in fecundity in epibionts associated with the two alternative hosts suggests that there may be strong selection on host choice at larval settlement.
The inactivation of rfaP, rarA or sspA gene improves the viability of the Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holD mutant
Authors: Michel Bénédicte , Sinha Anurag Kumar 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe Escherichia coli holD mutant is poorly viable because the stability of holoenzyme polymerase III (Pol III HE) on DNA is compromised. Consequently, the SOS response is induced and the SOS polymerases DinB and Pol II further hinder replication. Mutations that restore the holD mutant viability belong to two classes, those that stabilize Pol III on DNA and those that prevent the deleterious effects of DinB over‐production. We identified a dnaX mutation and the inactivation of rfaP and sspA genes as belonging to the first class of holD mutant suppressors. dnaX encodes a Pol III clamp loader subunit that interacts with HolD. rfaP encodes a lipopolysaccharide kinase that acts in outer membrane biogenesis. Its inactivation improves the holD mutant growth in part by affecting potassium import, previously proposed to stabilize Pol III HE on DNA by increasing electrostatic interactions. sspA encodes a global transcriptional regulator and growth of the holD mutant in its absence suggests that SspA controls genes that affect protein‐DNA interactions. The inactivation of rarA belongs to the second class of suppressor mutations. rarA inactivation has a weak effect but is additive with other suppressor mutations. Our results suggest that RarA facilitates DinB binding to abandoned forks.