bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior of Metallic Components During 4,000 h Operation of an SOFC Stack with Carbon Containing Fuel Gas
Authors: Niewolak L. , Blum L. , Peters R. , Grüner D. , Quadakkers W. J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn the present study the behavior of the ferritic interconnect steel Crofer 22 APU and the nickel contacting material during exposure in anode gas of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack was investigated. The stack had been operating for 4,000 h and was ten times subjected to thermal cycling within this time period. A temporary high carbon activity in the fuel gas combined with temperature changes resulted in local disintegration of the nickel mesh. Additionally, nickel diffusion from the nickel mesh into the steel resulted in the formation of an austenitic zone. Diffusion of steel constituents into the nickel mesh lead to the formation of Cr,Mn‐oxides in the latter. Presence of the nickel/steel contact allows transport of carbon from the gas into the steel, resulting in local internal carburization of the steel. In areas which were not in direct contact with the nickel mesh, the Crofer 22 APU interconnect formed a protective surface oxide scale and no indications for carbon uptake were found. Mechanisms for the experimentally observed effects, including the local disintegration of the nickel mesh, are presented.
The Dynamic Capability of Corporate Diplomacy
Authors: Henisz Witold J. 
Published: August 2016

Plain language summaryCorporate diplomacy is the ability to win the hearts and minds of external stakeholders in support of an organizational mission. As compared to the narrow support function of external affairs, corporate diplomats play a central role not just in sensing risks and opportunities in the external environment, but also in shaping short‐ and long‐term strategic responses across all functions of their organizations. Managers interested in creating long‐term sustainable value for shareholders and society—especially in emerging markets—need to enhance their skills as corporate diplomats.Technical summarySuccess in corporate diplomacy (i.e., the ability to win the hearts and minds of external stakeholders) requires a complex set of seemingly incompatible routines and processes that together constitute a dynamic capability. The article draws explicit parallels between the technological environment in which the theory of dynamic capabilities was first developed and the stakeholder environment. Firms must sense opportunities and threats that emanate from the external stakeholder environment across multiple countries, sectors, and issue domains. In order to actually seize these opportunities or avoid these threats, however, the organization must actually engage with stakeholders in a manner perceived as genuine and caring and implement initiatives that address their issues of concern. Such responses require short‐ and long‐term strategic change within the core of the organization. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
The Dynamic Capabilities of Meta‐Multinationals
Authors: Lessard Donald , Teece David J. , Leih Sohvi 
Published: August 2016

Plain language summaryToday's multinational enterprises (MNEs) exhibit characteristics that have not been discussed very much in previous studies. They are stateless in the sense that operations are spread across nations, but also maintain some central authority. We call such MNEs ‘meta‐MNEs’ and analyze them using the Dynamic Capabilities framework, a key framework in strategic management. We find that the capability of MNEs to shape and adapt to changing environments is necessary for the emergence and success of the meta‐MNE. We also discuss prospects for meta‐MNEs in the context of China.Technical summaryEstablished theories of the multinational enterprise (MNE) were created for a different, less globally competitive world. Today's MNEs are moving toward the stateless ideal type known as a metanational. Because considerable central authority remains, we call the emerging model the meta‐MNE and use the Dynamic Capabilities framework to analyze this phenomenon. Strong dynamic capabilities, including asset orchestration, are necessary both for the very existence of the meta‐MNE and for sustaining its competitive advantage. We draw contrasts between the meta‐MNE and the traditional, home‐centric MNE. We consider the ways in which nations still matter and the policy implications of the emergence of the meta‐MNE. We also discuss recent developments in China that have greatly shaped the environment facing existing and future meta‐MNEs. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
Novel technique of creating a seal for the vacuum‐assisted closure system application in complex head and neck wounds
Authors: Tian Brian , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Tan Hiang Khoon , Tay Ai Choo , Soo Khee Chee , Tan Ngian Chye 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundAchieving a good seal for the application of the vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) system in complex head and neck wounds is difficult.MethodsA case series of 4 patients who developed postoperative orocutaneous or pharyngocutaneous fistulas were studied. A sterile green glove was used as a sealant together with the VAC system.ResultsWith utilization of a green glove, a good seal for the VAC system was obtained. This gave ample time to cleanse the wound and allow granulation tissue to form before proceeding on to the next stage of treatment.ConclusionA green glove technique allows for a good seal for the VAC system to work, especially when applied to complex head and neck wounds. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2523–E2526, 2016
First‐principles Calculations of InS‐based Nanotubes
Authors: Bandura Andrei V. , Kuruch Dmitry D. , Evarestov Robert A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe employed first‐principles simulations using a hybrid exchange‐correlation density functional PBE0 within an LCAO approximation to investigate the properties of InS single layers and nanotubes constructed from its stable orthorhombic and hypothetical hexagonal phases. We have found two types of 4‐plane layers with relatively low formation energy, Rec4 and Hex4, which have been extracted from the orthorhombic and hexagonal phases, respectively. By rolling up Rec4 and Hex4 layers, the initial structures of single‐ and double‐walled nanotubes have been generated. The nanotube formation and strain energies calculated after atomic relaxation show that the most stable structures can be obtained from the rectangular Rec4 nanosheets. At the same time, the double‐walled nanotubes folded from the Rec4 nanosheets may be potentially useful for photocatalytic water splitting if they can really be synthesized.
Input‐to‐state stability of nonlinear stochastic time‐varying systems with impulsive effects
Authors: Wu Xiaotai , Shi Peng , Tang Yang , Zhang Wenbing 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis paper considers the input‐to‐state stability, integral‐ISS, and stochastic‐ISS for impulsive nonlinear stochastic systems. The Lyapunov function considered in this paper is indefinite, that is, the rate coefficient of the Lyapunov function is time‐varying, which can be positive or negative along time evolution. Lyapunov‐based sufficient conditions are established for ensuring ISS of impulsive nonlinear stochastic systems. Three examples involving one from networked control systems are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results obtained. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The chirally rotated Schrödinger functional: theoretical expectations and perturbative tests
Authors: Dalla Brida Mattia , Sint Stefan , Vilaseca Pol 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe chirally rotated Schrödinger functional (χSF) with massless Wilson-type fermions provides an alternative lattice regularization of the Schrödinger functional (SF), with different lattice symmetries and a common continuum limit expected from universality. The explicit breaking of flavour and parity symmetries needs to be repaired by tuning the bare fermion mass and the coefficient of a dimension 3 boundary counterterm. Once this is achieved one expects the mechanism of automatic O(a) improvement to be operational in the χSF, in contrast to the standard formulation of the SF. This is expected to significantly improve the attainable precision for step-scaling functions of some composite operators. Furthermore, the χSF offers new strategies to determine finite renormalization constants which are traditionally obtained from chiral Ward identities. In this paper we consider a complete set of fermion bilinear operators, define corresponding correlation functions and explain the relation to their standard SF counterparts. We discuss renormalization and O(a) improvement and then use this set-up to formulate the theoretical expectations which follow from universality. Expanding the correlation functions to one-loop order of perturbation theory we then perform a number of non-trivial checks. In the process we obtain the action counterterm coefficients to one-loop order and reproduce some known perturbative results for renormalization constants of fermion bilinears. By confirming the theoretical expectations, this perturbative study lends further support to the soundness of the χSF framework and prepares the ground for non-perturbative applications.
Geospatial Analysis of Unmet Surgical Need in Uganda: An Analysis of SOSAS Survey Data
Authors: Farber S. Harrison , Vissoci Joao Ricardo Nickenig , Tran Tu M. , Fuller Anthony T. , Butler Elissa K. , Andrade Luciano , Staton Catherine , Makumbi Fredrick , Luboga Samuel , Muhumuza Christine , Namanya Didacus B. , Chipman Jeffrey G. , Galukande Moses , Haglund Michael M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, a staggering five billion people lack access to adequate surgical care. Sub‐Saharan Africa represents one of the regions of greatest need. We sought to understand how geographic factors related to unmet surgical need (USN) in Uganda.MethodsWe performed a geographic information system analysis of a nationwide survey on surgical conditions performed in 105 enumeration areas (EAs) representing the national population. At the district level, we determined the spatial autocorrelation of the following study variables: prevalence of USN, hub distance (distance from EA to the nearest surgical center), area of coverage (geographic catchment area of each center), tertiary facility transport time (average respondent‐reported travel time), and care availability (rate of hospital beds by population and by district). We then used local indicators of spatial association (LISA) and spatial regression to identify any significant clustering of these study variables among the districts.ResultsThe survey enumerated 4248 individuals. The prevalence of USN varied from 2.0–45 %. The USN prevalence was highest in the Northern and Western Regions. Moran’s I bivariate analysis indicated a positive correlation between USN and hub distance (p = 0.03), area of coverage (p = 0.02), and facility transport time (p = 0.03). These associations were consistent nationally. The LISA analysis showed a high degree of clustering among sets of districts in the Northern Sub‐Region.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a statistically significant association between USN and the geographic variables examined. We have identified the Northern Sub‐Region as the highest priority areas for financial investment to reduce this unmet surgical disease burden.
A Phase I, Dose-Escalation Trial of Pazopanib in Combination with Cisplatin in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: A UNICANCER Study
Authors: Diéras Véronique , Bachelot Thomas , Campone Mario , Isambert Nicolas , Joly Florence , Le Tourneau Christophe , Cassier Philippe , Bompas Emmanuelle , Fumoleau Pierre , Noal Sabine , Orsini Christine , Jimenez Marta , Imbs Diane Charlotte , Chatelut Etienne 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Introduction
To determine the feasibility, maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), and dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) of pazopanib in combination with cisplatin.

Methods
Patients with advanced malignancies were included in a 3 + 3 dose-escalation phase I study. Pazopanib administration started 8 days before the first infusion of cisplatin; some patients were treated according to a reverse sequence (cisplatin first). Five dose levels (DLs) were planned. MTD was based on DLT observed during cycles 1 and 2.

Results
Thirty-five patients were enrolled. The MTD was reached at the first DL, (pazopanib 400 mg daily + cisplatin 75 mg/m2 every 21 days). Main DLTs were pulmonary embolism, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevation of liver enzymes. Overall, most common adverse events were anemia (83%), fatigue (80%), thrombocytopenia (80%), neutropenia (73%), hypertension (59%), neurotoxicity (56%), and anorexia (53%). Sixteen patients (46%) discontinued the study due to toxicity. One patient (sarcoma) had a complete response, and three patients (one with breast cancer and two with ovarian cancers) had a partial response. Pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses showed interactions with aprepitant, resulting in increased exposure to pazopanib, which might explain partly the poor tolerance of the combination.

Conclusion
Cisplatin and pazopanib could not be administered at their single agent full doses, partly due to a PK interaction between pazopanib and aprepitant.

Funding
This work was funded by GlaxoSmithKline and by the charity Ligue Nationale de Lutte Contre le Cancer.

Trial registered
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01165385.
Randomized Crossover Comparison of Injection Site Pain with 40 mg/0.4 or 0.8 mL Formulations of Adalimumab in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Nash Peter , Vanhoof Johan , Hall Stephen , Arulmani Udayasankar , Tarzynski-Potempa Rita , Unnebrink Kristina , Payne Andrew N. , Cividino Alfred 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Introduction
Adalimumab, an anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody, is currently available in a 40 mg/0.8 mL formulation. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate injection site-related pain, safety, and tolerability of a 40 mg/0.4 mL formulation of adalimumab that had fewer excipients, a smaller volume, and a delivery presentation with a smaller gauge needle, versus the current 40 mg/0.8 mL formulation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
Two identically designed, phase 2, randomized, single-blind, two-period crossover studies were conducted in Belgium and the Czech Republic (Study 1) and Australia, Canada, and Germany (Study 2). In both studies, adults with RA [biologic-naive or current users of 40 mg/0.8 mL adalimumab with an average injection site-related pain rating ≥3 cm on a visual analog scale (VAS; 0–10 cm)] were randomized to receive 40 mg/0.8 mL or 40 mg/0.4 mL adalimumab at visit 1. After 1–2 weeks (depending on patient medication schedule), patients received the other formulation at visit 2. A pain VAS [McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ-SF)] and the Draize scale were evaluated immediately after injection and 15 min postinjection. The primary endpoint was immediate pain after injection.

Results
64 and 61 patients were randomized in Studies 1 and 2, respectively. Both studies found a clinically relevant and statistically significant lower immediate pain after injection for the 40 mg/0.4 mL versus the 40 mg/0.8 mL formulation. The mean difference on the VAS for the pooled data (−2.48 cm) was also clinically relevant. Most other endpoints in both studies favored the 40 mg/0.4 mL formulation, and its tolerability and safety profile were consistent with 40 mg/0.8 mL adalimumab.

Conclusion
A 40 mg/0.4 mL adalimumab formulation was well tolerated and associated with less injection site-related pain than the 40 mg/0.8 mL adalimumab formulation.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01561313 and NCT01502423.

Funding
AbbVie.
THE QUADRATIC FORM IN NINE PRIME VARIABLES
Authors: ZHAO LILU 
Published: August 2016

Let $f(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})$ be a regular indefinite integral quadratic form with $n\geqslant 9$, and let $t$ be an integer. Denote by $\mathbb{U}_{p}$ the set of $p$-adic units in $\mathbb{Z}_{p}$. It is established that $f(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})=t$ has solutions in primes if (i) there are positive real solutions, and (ii) there are local solutions in $\mathbb{U}_{p}$ for all prime $p$.
Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and risk of hypertension over 22 years in a large cohort of younger and middle-aged women
Authors: Sumner J. A. , Kubzansky L. D. , Roberts A. L. , Gilsanz P. , Chen Q. , Winning A. , Forman J. P. , Rimm E. B. , Koenen K. C. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to hypertension, but most research on PTSD and hypertension is cross-sectional, and potential mediators have not been clearly identified. Moreover, PTSD is twice as common in women as in men, but understanding of the PTSD-hypertension relationship in women is limited. We examined trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms in relation to incident hypertension over 22 years in 47 514 civilian women in the Nurses’ Health Study II.MethodWe used proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for new-onset hypertension (N = 15 837).ResultsPTSD symptoms assessed with a screen were modestly associated with incident hypertension in a dose-response fashion after adjusting for potential confounders. Compared to women with no trauma exposure, women with 6–7 PTSD symptoms had the highest risk of developing hypertension (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.12–1.30), followed by women with 4–5 symptoms (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.10–1.25), women with 1–3 symptoms (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06–1.18), and trauma-exposed women with no symptoms (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00–1.09). Findings were maintained, although attenuated, adjusting for hypertension-relevant medications, medical risk factors, and health behaviors. Higher body mass index and antidepressant use accounted for 30% and 21% of the PTSD symptom-hypertension association, respectively.ConclusionsScreening for hypertension and reducing unhealthy lifestyle factors, particularly obesity, in women with PTSD may hold promise for offsetting cardiovascular risk.
School lunches in the Republic of Ireland: a comparison of the nutritional quality of adolescents’ lunches sourced from home or purchased at school or ‘out’ at local food outlets
Authors: Browne Sarah , Staines Anthony , Barron Carol , Lambert Veronica , Susta Davide , Sweeney Mary Rose 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the energy, nutrient and food group compositions of three sources of school-day lunches among students in five secondary schools in the Republic of Ireland (ROI).DesignCross-sectional study conducted between October 2012 and March 2013. Students completed self-report food diaries over two school days. The energy, nutrient, nutrient density and food group composition of school-day lunches from home, school and ‘out’ in local food outlets were compared using ANCOVA and Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference post hoc analysis.SettingFive secondary schools in the ROI.SubjectsMale and female students aged 15–17 years (n 305).ResultsSix hundred and fifteen lunches (376 home lunches, 115 school lunches and 124 lunches sourced ‘out’ in the local environment) were analysed. School and ‘out’ purchased lunches were significantly higher than packed lunches from home in energy (2047 kJ (489 kcal), 2664 kJ (627 kcal), 1671 kJ (399 kcal), respectively), total fat (23·5 g, 30·1 g, 16·6 g, respectively) and free (added) sugars (12·6 g, 19·3 g, 7·4 g, respectively). More home lunches contained more fruit, wholemeal breads, cheese and red meat than lunches from school or ‘out’. Meat products, chips and high-calorie beverages were sourced more frequently at school or ‘out’ than home. Fibre and micronutrient contents of lunches from all sources were low.ConclusionsHome-sourced lunches had the healthiest nutritional profile in terms of energy and macronutrients. Foods high in energy, fat and free sugars associated with school and local food outlets are of concern given the public health focus to reduce their consumption. While school food should be improved, all sources of lunches need to be considered when addressing the dietary behaviours of secondary-school students.
La théorie de la demande et la rente du consommateur
Authors: Martin J. 
Published: August 2016

Si l'on excepte, au sujet de la théorie de la demande, la controverse opposant les partisans de 1'utilisation des courbes d'utilité marginale, aux adeptes de l'école Hicks-Slutzky prônant l'usage des courbes d'indifférence, on peut admettre que la théorie de la demande est, en elle-même, assez peu discutée.La rente du consommateur, par contre, est l'objet d'études et de discussions variées. Marshall fut le premier à la définir d'une faҫon formelle; Hicks a proposé deux définitions et vient de leur en adjoindre deux autres; Knight aussi a la sienne et Bishop en a relevé sept dans un article paru en avril 1946.
La conjoncture économique de la Belgique
Authors: Woitrin Michel 
Published: August 2016

Depuis la dernière chronique trimestrielle datée de juin, l'économie beige a été soumise à deux influences principales.Elle accuse d'une part, les premiers effets du redressement de l'activité mondiale lié aux efforts de réarmement; cette influence est surtout sensible jusqu'ici dans le domaine des prix.D'autre part, au milieu de l'année 1950, l'économie beige a connu, en plus du ralentissement de l'activité provoqué traditionnellement par la période des congés, une série de grèves et de perturbations sociales qui ont fortement ralenti la production et les expéditions : l'influence de ces facteurs est surtout perceptible dans les quantités, soit de la production industrielle ou des exportations qui tendent à se réduire dans les dernieis mois, soit du volume monétaire et du crédit privé qui se gonflent parallèlement.
Les métaux non-ferreux en 1945
Authors: de Strycker Robert 
Published: August 2016

De toutes les branches de l’industrie, la métallurgie des métaux non-ferreux est probablement celle dont la reprise a été à la fois la plus tardive et la moins complète. C’est qu’en effet les arrivages de matières premières, déjà fortement ralentis au cours de la période s’étendant de septembre 1939 à mai 1940, avaient été pratiquement arrêtés depuis cette date. Les quantités de ces matières disponibles dans le pays au moment de l’invasion étaient assez importantes et elles ont permis aux producteurs de maintenir une certaine activité, du moins au cours des premières années d’occupation. Elles ne tardèrent cependant pas à s’épuiser et, en 1944, les parcs à minerais et à produits intermédiaires étaient pratiquement vides.Il ne pouvait être question d’importer des matières premières de l’étranger dès le lendemain de la libération.
Dimensions de la sociologie
Authors: Leclercq Jacques 
Published: August 2016

Au moment où l’Institut de recherches économiques et sociales de l’Université de Louvain publie son premier cahier consacré à la recherche sociale, il ne paraît pas inopportun d’exposer le lien de celle-ci avec le mouvement scientifique de notre temps et sa répercussion sur l’ensemble des idées.La recherche sociale se rattache à la sociologie et celle-ci est un des carrefours où se rejoignent les tendances de l’époque. Progressant lentement depuis le milieu du siècle passé, soutenue par les préoccupations sociales qui s’amplifient de génération en génération, la sociologie cherche depuis cinquante ans à se constituer en science autonome au milieu des discussions et des critiques.