bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Nexter (Pyridaben) Applied in Different Gallonages by Airblast Sprayer to Florida Citrus, 1995
Authors: Childers C. C. , Keen P. M. , Threlkeld D. K. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Nexter at three rates per acre was compared to Agri-mek + petroleum oil for efficacy against CRM in three water volumes. Treatments were assigned to 3 X 3 (=9 tree) plots in a RCB design, replicated 5 times on 10 ft tall trees with 7.5 X 25 ft spacing. Treatments were applied on 28 Jun (150 gpa), 29 Jun (200 gpa) and 30 Jun (250 gpa) using an FMC 352-S PTO airblast sprayer with speed, nozzling and pressure (160 psi) adjusted to apply the designated gpa. At each evaluation date, 20 fruit were randomly selected and examined on the center tree within each replicate using a 10X handlens. All live CRM (except eggs) were counted in two, 1-cm2 lensfields on partially shaded sides of each fruit. The two counts per fruit were combined and recorded as one observation. Data were subjected to log10(X + 1) transformations for statistical analysis and un-transformed means were presented for comparison. Cumulative mite-days and damage rating comparisons were subjected to Log10(X +1) transformations for statistical analysis and un-transformed means were presented for comparison.
Control of Citrus Leafminer in Florida Orange with Biorational Insecticides, 1994
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Fulcher G. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was carried out in a block of 2-yr old Valencia orange budded to Swingle citrumelo rootstock. Treatments (10) were randomly assigned to 5-tree plots in a RCB design with 4 replications, each block being in a separate row. All treatments were applied on Nov 18 with a handheld atomizing spray gun supplied by a gasoline powered diaphragm pump operating at 400 psi and calibrated to deliver 75 gpa. All treatments included 2% FC-435-66 citrus (petroleum) oil unless otherwise noted. Ten flush samples per plot were examined in the field 4, 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment (DAT), and the number of live | larvae determined. Leaf damage (%) was visually evaluated on the same number of flush 21 DAT.
Chemical Control of Brown Citrus Aphid (Bca), Toxoptera Citricida (Homoptera: Aphidae) in Puerto Rico, Summer 1994
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Yokomi R. K. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Citrus trees (‘Valencia’ orange on Cleopatra mandarin) were from 5 to 7 yr old and planted on steep slopes at 10 X 10 ft spacing near the town of Castener. Trees selected for the trial were located along the edges of access roads and had at least 5 heavily infested leaf flushes each. Experimental design was RCB with 4 replications and 9 treatments using single-tree plots. Treatments included 8 insecticides and an unsprayed check. The rate of Sterling was half that recommended by the manufacturer. Applications were made on 24 Aug with a motorized solo mist blower calibrated to deliver 2.5 liter in 1 minute. Trees were sprayed on one side (facing road) for 15 seconds which delivered 0.625 liter per half tree. Evaluations were made 2 and 12 days after treatment by counting live and dead aphids on the 5 most infested flushes in the sprayed portion of the tree.
Codling Moth Control with Insect Growth Regulators, 1995
Authors: Steenwyk R. A. Van , Fouche C. F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was conducted in a commercial walnut orchard near Tracy, Calif. Twelve treatments were replicated four times in a RCB design. Each replicate consisted of an individual tree. Treatments were applied with a hand-held orchard sprayer operating at 300 psi and delivering 400 gpa of finished spray (5.7 gal/tree). Application timings were based on degree days (DD). DD were calculated with a 2 Apr biofix for the first generation and 25 Jun biofix for the second generation using a single sine horizontal cutoff model with a lower threshold of 50°F and an upper threshold of 88°F and with air temperature from the San Joaquin County weather station in Tracy. Target application timings were: Confirm and Neemix-250 DD from 1st and 2nd biofix and 1250 DD from 2nd biofix, Dimilin-300 DD (combined with Lorsban), 900 and 1900 DD from 1st biofix, Comply and Pyriproxyfen-300 DD (combined with Lorsban or Lorsban alone) from 1st biofix, 100 and 1100 DD from 2nd biofix and grower standard-300 DD from 1st biofix, 250 and 1250 DD from 2nd biofix. Control of the overwintering CM generation (first application) was evaluated by inspecting all dropped nuts weekly from 31 May through 7 Jul for CM infestation. In addition, control of the overwintering generation was evaluated by banding each tree with single sided corrugated cardboard on 15 May. The cardboard was removed and inspected for CM larvae or pupae on 7 Jul. Control of the summer generations was evaluated by inspecting 100 nuts/tree at commercial harvest on 18 Sep for CM and NOW infestation.
Seed Maggot Control with Seed Treatments, 1995
Authors: Webb D. R. , Horn P. Van , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Kidney bean seeds were planted 22 Jun at the Fruit and Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots were single rows 25 ft long replicated 4 times in a RCBD. All seeds were planted using a hand pushed “V” belt seeder at the rate of 100 seeds/25 ft and in a field in which alfalfa had been incorporated one week earlier to maximize the decomposing organic matter content at this site. All seeds were slurry-treated with Captan 75 at the rate of 1¾ oz formulation/seed cwt and an insecticide unless otherwise indicated in the table. Rows were baited by hand with about a cup/row of meat and bone meal above the seed rows after planting to increase seed maggot fly oviposition.
Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1995
Authors: Palmer C. R. , Walgenbach J. F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set on 31 May at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station in Fletcher, NC. Plants were set 12 inches apart in 20ft rows on 3.5 ft centers. Double-row plots were separated by 7ft of cultivated soil and arranged in a RCB design with four replications. All materials were applied on 23 and 30 June, 3, 12 and 26 July and 2 August using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer delivering 50 GPA through 3 hollow cone nozzles per row (1 overhead and two 2 drop nozzles). CL, ICW, DBM and CSCW populations were monitored by examining 10 heads/treatment, 5-7 days post treatment and recording the number of larvae found. Crop quality was assessed on 8 August, when 10 heads/treatment were rated on a scale of 0-5 (0 = no damage, 1 = frame leaf damage, 2 = minimum wrapper leaf damage, 3 = significant wrapper leaf damage, 4 = head damage, 5 = severe head damage). All heads receiving a rating of ≤2 were considered marketable. All data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, and means were separated by using LSD (P = 0.05).
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Spring Cabbage, 1995
Authors: Peters M. R. , Edelson J. V. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage plants were transplanted on 6 Apr at the Wes Watkins Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Lane, OK. Each plot consisted of two 15 ft-long rows bordered on each side by an unplanted row. Cabbage was transplanted with 18-inch plant and 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Sprays were applied with a back-pack sprayer using 2 TXVS-26 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 36 gal/acre at 40 psi. Applications were made on 10, 16, and 23 May and on 2 and 9 Jun. Evaluation criteria consisted of direct counts of all lepidopterous larvae on 5 randomly selected plants until 22 May and then 3 randomly chosen plants/treatment for the rest of the experiment. On 13 Jun damage ratings were determined. A head was considered marketable if no visible evidence of larval feeding damage was observed on the head or wrapper leaves.
Control of Cabbage Aphids on Cabbage, 1995
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 13 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 18-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in an RCB design. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row with HC 12 hollow cone tips and delivering 30 gal/acre at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply applications of each treatment. Bond sticker-spreader was applied at 0.1% v/v with all treatments. Treatments were applied on 3 and 10 Oct. Samples were taken on 17 Oct by collecting six leaves from three plants per replication: two frame leaves, two wrapper leaves and two leaves from the head. Evaluations were made by placing the leaves in Berlese units for 48 hours and counting aphids in the collection jars. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple means comparison on square root transformed data. Actual means are presented in the table.
Control of Thrips Tabaci on Cabbage, 1995
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 13 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 18-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in an RCB design. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row with HC 12 hollow cone tips, and delivering 30 gal/acre at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply weekly applications of each treatment. Javelin at 1.0 lb/acre was added to Admire, Cygon and the check treatments to control Lepidoptera and insure readable plants at harvest. Bond sticker-spreader was applied at 0.1% v/v with all treatments. Admire was applied on only 7 Jul. Metasystox R was applied only on 6, 13 and 20 Sept. Other treatments were applied on 26 Jul, 2, 9, 16, 24, 30 Aug and 6, 13, 20, 27 Sept and 4, 11 Oct. Harvesi evaluations for thrips were made on 19 Oct. Evaluations for thrips damage were made by randomly selecting 2 mature heads per plot, cutting them in half along the core, and peeling back 10 layers. Each layer was assessed for the presence of thrips injury. The overall damage rating (intensity of injury on each leaf plus the number of layers injured) was also made on a scale of 0 (no damage) to 4 (each of the 10 leaves severely injured). Data were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA. For analysis of damage ratings we used the average number of layers per two plants in a replicate, transformed this to a rank, and analyzed ranks. For layers injured, we used the average number of layers per two plants in a replicate and then analyzed these averages No treatments had significantly fewer layers damaged compared to the control. Between treatments, Metasystox R at 3 pt./acre and Mustang at 0.0375 Ib.Al/acre had significantly fewer layers damaged than Ammo at 0.08 Ib.Al/acre, Ambush at 0.1 Ib.Al/acre, Cygon at 0.5 Ib.Al/acre, or Asana at 0.05 Ib.Al/acre. Only Metasystox R at 3 pt./acre and Mustang at 0.0375 Ib.Al/acre had a significantly lower damage ranking compared to the control. Between treatments, Metasystox R and Mustang had significantly lower damage rankings than Ammo at 0.08 Ib.Al/acre, Ambush at 0.1 Ib.Al/acre, Cygon at 0.5 Ib.Al/acre, or Asana at 0.05 Ib.Al/acre. No phytotoxicity was observed in any of the treatments.
Effect of Experimental and Registered Miticides on Twospotted Spider Mite and European Red Mite, 1996
Authors: Beers E. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a commercial orchard of mature ‘Delicious’ apples at Arrowhead Ranch, Bridgeport, WA. The plot was laid out in 2 rows, with buffer trees between treated trees in the row, and a buffer row between rows containing treatments. A pre-treatment count was made and replicates were assigned to blocks according to initial population and treatments were randomly assigned within replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied 5 Jul 1996 with a handgun sprayer operated at about 300 psi. Twenty randomly selected leaves were collected from each replicate tree, and mites were removed from the leaves with a leaf-brushing machine. Mites were counted with the aid of a binocular microscope. A pretreatment sample and weekly post-treatment samples were taken.
Dbm on Head Cabbage Management with Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Mau R.F.L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R , Shimabuku R. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The insecticides were evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park, from June to August. The field was set up in a RCB design with six treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot consisted of a single row of cabbage planted at 18 in. between plant spacing. Treatments were applied using compressed carbon dioxide sprayer at 60 psi and 100 gpa. One hollow cone nozzle (TX-26) was used per row. The first treatment was applied one day after transplanting into the field on 2 Jul. Subsequently, six applications were made weekly until the week before harvest on the following dates: 8, 16, 23, 30 Jul, 6, 13 Aug.
Control of Thrips Tabaci on Cabbage, 1996
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 27 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. To increase populations of thrips, a 5-ft strip of oats was planted along the length of each side of the experimental area. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 18-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in an RCB design. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row with HC 12 hollow cone tips, and delivering 30 gpa at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply weekly applications of each treatment. Javelin at 1.0 lb./acre was added to Admire and the check treatments to control Lepidoptera and insure readable plants at harvest. Silwet sticker-spreader was applied at 0.1 % v/v with all foliar treatments. Admire was applied only on 7 Jul. Metasystox-R treatments were applied only on 6, 13 and 20 Sep. Provado was applied only on 6, 13, 20, 26 Sep and 1 Oct. Other treatments were applied on 7, 14, 22, 30 Aug, 6, 13, 20, 26 Sep 1, 10 and 17 Oct. Harvest evaluations for thrips were made on 28 Oct. Evaluations for thrips damage were made by randomly selecting 2 mature heads per plot, cutting them in half along the core, and peeling back 10 layers. Each layer was assessed for the presence of thrips damage. For layers damaged, we used the average number of layers per two plants in a replicate and then analyzed these averages. Data were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae with Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Holloway C. Wade 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Early Jersey Wakefield’ cabbage were transplanted on 8 Api at McGees Crossroads (MGX) near Benson, NC. Single-row plots 10 ft long on 42 inch centers were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Alleys of 5 ft were used between replicates. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer using a single hollow cone nozzle (18X) operating at 60 psi to deliver 54.5 gpa. Applications with Triton AG-98 (spreader) were made with all treatments 22 and 28 May. Visual estimates of foliar damage were made on a scale of 1-10 as given in the 1st table and insect counts were made 28 May and 4 Jun. Heads were rated on 13 Jun on a scale of 1-5 as given in the 2nd table. Heads with ratings 1, 3 and 4 were considered marketable.
Control of Diamondback Moth (Dbm) with Emamectin and Bacillus Thuringiensis Endotoxins, 1996
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Conner J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six beds 32 inches wide and 240 ft long were fumigated with methyl bromide/chloropicrin 67/33 at a rate of .220 lbs/acre, fertilized with a bottom mix of 800 lbs/acre 5-16-8 and a top mix of 500 lbs/acre of 19-0-19, and covered with black polyethylene film. The center bed of each of 2 sets of 3 beds on 6-ft centers separated by a 15 ft drive middle was planted on 5 Dec 1995 with collard seedlings var ‘Georgia’ to provide target pest inoculum. Cabbage seedlings were transplanted 29 Jan into single rows on the remaining 4 beds at 18 inch spacing. Beds were subsurface irrigated with a semi-closed system and plants sprayed with Bravo 720 at 1.5 pt/acre for disease control. Each bed of cabbage was considered a block and divided into 7 plots 34 ft long in a RCB design with 4 replications and 7 treatments. A precount on 1 April of 20 plants per replication yielded an average 1 DBM larva and 0.8 DMB pupa per plant. Treatments were applied on 2, 11, and 17 Apr at a rate of 65 gpa using a high clearance sprayer equipped with 5 yellow hollow cone Albuz ceramic nozzles per row and operating at 200 psi of pressure. A nonionic surfactant, ASPA 80, was tank mixed at the rate of 16 oz/100 gal of spray which was made up with water at pH 7.2. Proclaim was not applied on 11 Apr at the request of the company representative. Ten randomly selected plants per plot were evaluated weekly 4 to 7 DAT. Five wrapper leaves and 3 inner (head) leaves per plant were inspected for larvae classified in 3 size categories. A damage rating was determined for each plant where 1 = no apparent damage, 2 = 0-1 % surface area damage to wrappers, 3 = 2-5% damage to wrappers but none to head, 4 = 6-10% damage to wrappers, 0-5% damage to head, 5 = 11-30% damage to wrappers, 5-15 damage to head 6 = &gt;30% damage to wrappers, 15% damage to head. Evaluations were recorded on Pesticide Research Manager version 4.06. The 15 largest heads in each plot were selected and graded for marketability on 25 Apr based on 2 levels of stringency: “Fancy” with no insect damage on the wrapper leaves or head, and “Standard” with less than 10% insect damage on wrapper leaves and less than 5% on the head, limited to the 2 outer leaves.
Control of Lepidopterous Insects on Cabbage, 1996
Authors: Walgenbach J. F. , Palmer C. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six-week-old field-grown cabbage transplants (cv. ‘Rio Verde’) were planted on 20 May at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station (Fletcher, NC). Plots consisted of two 25-ft-long rows on 3.5 ft. centers, with 7 ft. of cultivated soil between treatment rows. Plants were spaced 12 in. within rows. Each treatment was replicated four times and arranged in a RCBD. Treatments consisted of an untreated control and approximately 7-d interval applications of the following materials (see table for rates): Asana XL, Baythroid, Karate, Able, Agree, Biobit, Dipel, Xentari; and unregistered materials TD-2344-02, Confirm, Spinosad, Proclaim and MYX 833. All materials were applied on 14 and 24 Jun, 1, 9, 18, and 25 Jul. Applications were made with a tractor-mounted PTO-sprayer delivering 50 gpa through 3 hollow cone nozzles per row (1 overhead and 2 drop nozzles). Latron B-1956 (0.06%) was added to the spray solution of all treatments. Lepidopterous larval populations were counted on 10 heads/treatment on 20 and 27 Jun and 3, 11, 17 and 24 Jul. Crop quality was assessed on 30 Jul, by rating 10 heads/treatment on a scale of 0-5 (0 = no damage, 1 = frame leaf damage, 2 = minimal wrapper leaf damage, 3 = significant wrapper leaf damage, 4 = some head damage, and 5 = severe head damage). All heads receiving a rating of ≤ were considered marketable. All data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, and means were separated by LSD (P = 0.05).
Evaluation of Imidacloprid Seed Treatments for Control of Whiteflies on Fall Cantaloupes, 1995
Authors: Palumbo J. C. , Mullis C. H. , Reyes F. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cantaloupes were direct seeded on 22 Sep into beds spaced 42 inches apart at the University of Arizona, Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ. Plots consisted of 2 beds, 150 ft long with a 2 bed buffer between plots. Plot preparation and seasonal maintenance followed local practices. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replicates. Admire 2F treatments were applied 2 in. sub-seed furrow by injecting the material into the beds with long, narrow shanks in 20 gpa total volume of water before seeding. The Gaucho 480 seed treatments were formulated at rates of 0.25 and 0.50 lbs (AI) of imidacloprid/10 lbs of cantaloupe seed. SPWF densities were estimated by counting the number of eggs and nymphs on 2-cm2 disk sections taken from each of 10 leaves per plot 7 days after planting (DAP [30 Sep]), 14 DAP (7 Oct), 21 DAP (14 Oct), and 28 DAP (21 Oct). Because of heterogeneity of mean variances, insect data were transformed (log10 x + 1) prior to analysis. Data were analyzed as a 1-way ANOVA using a protected LSD F test to distinguish treatment mean differences.
Foliar Sprays of Bacillus Thuringiensis in Early Corn, 1996
Authors: Hazzard Ruth V. , Mazzola Mark A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted 2 May in blocks of 4 rows by 25 feet. Each treatment was repeated 4 times in a RCB design. Blocks were separated by 15 feet. Insecticides were applied on 5, 11, and 18 Jul, beginning before tassels emerged. Biweekly treatments were also sprayed on 9, 16, and 22 Jul. ECB flights were monitored with two nylon Heliothis traps baited with a Trece’ pheromone lure (New York or Iowa strain). The CEW flight was monitored with a Heliothis trap with a Hereon Helicoverpa zea lure. Sprays were applied at 75 psi with a four row drop nozzle sprayer pulled (5 nozzles per row) behind a tractor. A hand held applicator delivered 0.5 ml per ear of a 1 ;20 mixture of Dipel ES and food-grade corn oil directly to the silks on 16 Jul. Plots were harvested on 29 Jul. Fifty ears per plot were rated for damage, and for presence of CEW and ECB. Two ratings are reported; Undamaged ears = no feeding on ear; undamaged kernels = no feeding on filled kernels, may have feeding on unfilled tip.
Control of Corn Earworm on Sweet Corn, 1995
Authors: Story R. , Ameen A. O. , Murray M. J. , Can F. , Ring D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were applied at three frequency levels (weekly, twice weekly and thrice weekly) during the period between tassel emergence and harvest. The study was conducted at the Burden Research Plantation, Baton Rouge, LA in 1995. A solo backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 40 gallons per acre at 30 psi through a single hollow cone spray tip was used. The spray nozzle was directed at the ear zone of the plant. Experimental plots consisted of double rows (20 feet long, 4 feet wide) arranged in a RCB design with 8 replications. Damage counts were made at harvest by randomly selecting 20 ears from each plot and determining the presence or absence of earworm damage.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Transplant Drench Treatments of Admire to Three Different Sized Bedding Travs of Eggplant, 1995
Authors: Dively Galen P. , Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Mulford Karen , Baumann Donna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experimental design was a split plot RCB design with twelve replications. Drenching doses of 0, 0.38, 1.5 and 6.0 ounces of Admire 2F per acre equivalence of bedding trays of eggplant were designated as whole plots. Sub-plots were three tray cell sizes (288/tray, 144/tray and 72/tray) which related directly to the size of root ball. The diluted drench was applied to individual cells of bedding trays using a pipetted volume of one ml per plant. Plot size for each treatment combination was one row 20 feet long (8 plants) with rows spaced 72 inches apart. Plants were treated on 2 Jul and transplanted 3 Jul. After transplanting, weekly counts were made of live and dead adults, and percent defoliation and stand loss. Plots were not harvested to remove fruit; instead the number of marketable fruit was counted once on 9 Sep.