bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Bt cotton on profitability, productivity and farm inputs in Pakistan: use of panel models
Authors: Bakhsh Khuda 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study estimates the benefits from adopting Bt cotton seeds in Punjab, Pakistan over two cropping seasons - 2008 and 2009. The study uses the panel modeling approach to determine the average effects of Bt cotton technology on short-run profits, yields and farm inputs. This approach controls for biases resulting from self-selection and endogenous farm inputs. The study shows that, on average, Bt adopting farmers receive 9 per cent higher yields per hectare (ha), reduce per-ha pesticide use by 21.7 per cent, and increase per-ha use of irrigation water by 6 per cent. Our estimates of the increase in cotton yield are far below estimates from previous studies conducted in Pakistan and India, which do not use panel methods. Allowing more Bt cotton varieties and ensuring the availability of quality Bt cotton seeds in the market is likely to lead to further increase in the private benefits from Bt cotton.
Comparing the Consistency of Atom Probe Tomography Measurements of Small-Scale Segregation and Clustering Between the LEAP 3000 and LEAP 5000 Instruments
Authors: Martin Tomas L. , London Andrew J. , Jenkins Benjamin , Hopkin Sarah E. , Douglas James O. , Styman Paul D. , Bagot Paul A. J. , Moody Michael P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe local electrode atom probe (LEAP) has become the primary instrument used for atom probe tomography measurements. Recent advances in detector and laser design, together with updated hit detection algorithms, have been incorporated into the latest LEAP 5000 instrument, but the implications of these changes on measurements, particularly the size and chemistry of small clusters and elemental segregations, have not been explored. In this study, we compare data sets from a variety of materials with small-scale chemical heterogeneity using both a LEAP 3000 instrument with 37% detector efficiency and a 532-nm green laser and a new LEAP 5000 instrument with a manufacturer estimated increase to 52% detector efficiency, and a 355-nm ultraviolet laser. In general, it was found that the number of atoms within small clusters or surface segregation increased in the LEAP 5000, as would be expected by the reported increase in detector efficiency from the LEAP 3000 architecture, but subtle differences in chemistry were observed which are attributed to changes in the way multiple hit detection is calculated using the LEAP 5000.
Inflammation of mammary adipose tissue occurs in overweight and obese patients exhibiting early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Vaysse Charlotte , Lømo Jon , Garred Øystein , Fjeldheim Frøydis , Lofteroed Trygve , Schlichting Ellen , McTiernan Anne , Frydenberg Hanne , Husøy Anders , Lundgren Steinar , Fagerland Morten W. , Richardsen Elin , Wist Erik A. , Muller Catherine , Thune Inger 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGrowing evidence indicates that adiposity is associated with breast cancer risk and negatively affects breast cancer recurrence and survival, a paracrine role of mammary adipose tissue being very likely in this process. In contrast to other adipose depots, occurrence of a sub-inflammatory state of mammary adipose tissue defined by dying adipocytes surrounded by macrophages forming crown-like structures in overweight and obese subjects, remains only partially described. In a general population of breast cancer patients (107 patients) mostly undergoing breast-conserving surgery, we found a positive association between patient’s body composition, breast adipocytes size, and presence of crown-like structures in mammary adipose tissue close to the tumor. Overweight (BMI: 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) patients have 3.2 and 6.9 times higher odds ratio of crown-like structures respectively, compared with normal weight patients. The relatively small increase in adipocyte size in crown-like structures positive vs. negative patients suggests that mammary adipose tissue inflammation might occur early during hypertrophy. Our results further highlight that body mass index is an adequate predictor of the presence of crown-like structures in mammary adipose tissue among postmenopausal women, whereas in premenopausal women truncal fat percentage might be more predictive, suggesting that mammary adipose tissue inflammation is more likely to occur in patients exhibiting visceral obesity. Finally, the presence of crown-like structures was positively associated with systemic markers such as the Triglyceride/High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio serum C-reactive protein and glucose/(HbA1c) glycated Haemoglobin. These compelling results demonstrate that excess adiposity, even in overweight patients, is associated with mammary adipose tissue inflammation, an event that could contribute to breast cancer development and progression.
Simultaneous Quantification of Amino Metabolites in Multiple Metabolic Pathways Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem-mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Jin , Zhou Lihong , Lei Hehua , Hao Fuhua , Liu Xin , Wang Yulan , Tang Huiru 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMetabolites containing amino groups cover multiple pathways and play important roles in redox homeostasis and biosyntheses of proteins, nucleotides and neurotransmitters. Here, we report a new method for simultaneous quantification of 124 such metabolites. This is achieved by derivatization-assisted sensitivity enhancement with 5-aminoisoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (5-AIQC) followed with comprehensive analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). In an one-pot manner, this quantification method enables simultaneous coverage of 20 important metabolic pathways including protein biosynthesis/degradation, biosyntheses of catecholamines, arginine and glutathione, metabolisms of homocysteine, taurine-hypotaurine etc. Compared with the reported ones, this method is capable of simultaneously quantifying thiols, disulfides and other oxidation-prone analytes in a single run and suitable for quantifying aromatic amino metabolites. This method is also much more sensitive for all tested metabolites with LODs well below 50 fmol (at sub-fmol for most tested analytes) and shows good precision for retention time and quantitation with inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 15% and good recovery from renal cancer tissue, rat urine and plasma. The method was further applied to quantify the amino metabolites in silkworm hemolymph from multiple developmental stages showing its applicability in metabolomics and perhaps some clinical chemistry studies.
Familial History of Diabetes is Associated with Poor Glycaemic Control in Type 2 Diabetics: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Wu Ming , Wen Jinbo , Qin Yu , Zhao Hailong , Pan Xiaoqun , Su Jian , Du Wencong , Pan Enchun , Zhang Qin , Zhang Ning , Sheng Hongyan , Liu Chunlan , Shen Chong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTo investigate the association of familial history (FH) of diabetes with the glycaemic control status of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), a cross-sectional study using stratified cluster sampling was conducted with 20,340 diabetic patients in Jiangsu, China. In total, 21.3% of the subjects reported a FH of diabetes. Patients with a FH of diabetes showed a higher risk of poor glycaemic control (59.7%) than those without a diabetic FH (49.8%), with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.366 (P < 0.001). Glycaemic control status did not significantly differ between the T2D patients with parental FH and those with sibling FH. Compared with patients with paternal FH, patients with maternal FH had a higher risk of poor glycaemic control (OR = 1.611, P = 0.013). Stratified analyses showed that a FH of diabetes was significantly associated with poor glycaemic control among T2D patients with a low education level (P < 0.05). In the <60 years old, overweight, and low level of physical activity groups, patients with a maternal history of diabetes showed a higher risk of poor glycaemic control than those without a FH (P < 0.05). In conclusion, FH of diabetes, especially a maternal history, had an independently adverse effect on the glycaemic control of T2D patients.
LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2: Enhanced Electrochemical Performance From Reduced Cationic Disordering in Li Slab
Authors: Xiao Peng , Lv Tingjian , Chen Xueping , Chang Chengkang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSub-micron sized LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode materials with improved electrochemical performance caused by the reduced cationic disordering in Li slab were synthesized through a solid state reaction routine. In a typical process, spherical precursor powder was prepared by spray drying of a uniform suspension obtained from the ball-milling of the mixture of the starting raw materials. Then the precursor powders were pressed into tablets under different pressures and crushed into powder. The pressing treated powders were finally calcinated under oxygen atmosphere to obtain the target cathode materials. XRD investigation revealed a hexagonal layered structure without impurity phase for all samples and significant increase in the diffraction intensity ratio of I(003)/I(104) was observed. Rietveld refinement further confirmed the reduced cationic disordering in Li slab by such pressing treatment, and the smallest disordering was observed for sample S4 with only 1.3% Ni ions on Li lattice position. The electrochemical testing showed an improvement in electrochemical behavior for those pressing treated samples. The calculation of diffusion coefficients using EIS data showed improved Li diffusion coefficient after pressing treatment. The sample S4 presented a diffusion coefficient of 4.36 × 10−11 cm2·s−1, which is almost 3.5 times the value of untreated sample.
Cocaine Cue-Induced Dopamine Release in Recreational Cocaine Users
Authors: Cox Sylvia M. L. , Yau Yvonne , Larcher Kevin , Durand France , Kolivakis Theodore , Delaney J. Scott , Dagher Alain , Benkelfat Chawki , Leyton Marco 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIt has been proposed that the acquisition of drug seeking is related to the development of conditioned dopamine responses in the ventral striatum. As drug use continues and becomes habit-like, conditioned responses have been shown to shift to the dorsal striatum. Here, using the PET [11C]raclopride method and highly personalized cocaine cues, we report the first evidence in humans of the dorsal dopamine response prior to the onset of addiction.
A unifying mathematical framework for experimental TCR-pMHC kinetic constants
Authors: Faro Jose , Castro Mario , Molina-París Carmen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractReceptor binding and triggering are central in Immunology as T cells activated through their T cell receptors (TCR) by protein antigens orchestrate immune responses. In order to understand receptor-ligand interactions, many groups working with different experimental techniques and assays have generated a vast body of knowledge during the last decades. However, in recent years a type of assays, referred to astwo-dimensionalor membrane-to-membrane, has questioned our current understanding of the role of different kinetic constants (for instance,on- versusoff-rate constants) on TCR-ligand interaction and subsequent T cell activation. Here we present a general mathematical framework that provides a unifying umbrella to relate fundamental and effective (or experimentally determined) kinetic constants, as well as describe and compare state-of-the-art experimental methods. Our framework is able to predict the correlations between functional output, such as 1/EC50, and effective kinetic constants for a range of different experimental assays (in two and three dimensions). Furthermore, our approach can be applied beyond Immunology, and serve as a “translation method” for the biochemical characterization of receptor-ligand interactions.
Loop‐type ground radiation antenna for a discontinuous square ring‐shaped ground plane
Authors: Zahid Zeeshan , Kim Hyeongdong 
Published: April 2017

A loop‐type ground radiation antenna is proposed for a discontinuous square ring‐shaped ground plane. The antenna shows strong coupling with the ground mode if it is located at the maximum current density location. The location of the antenna has been evaluated using characteristic mode analysis of the currents on the ground plane. The size of the loop‐type ground radiation antenna is 10 × 4.5 mm and it is fabricated on a square ring‐shaped ground plane of size 50 × 50 mm having a gap of 2 mm. The design is intended for mobile device applications operating at 2.45 GHz.
Measuring surface magnetic fields of red supergiant stars
Authors: Tessore B. , Lèbre A. , Morin J. , Mathias P. , Josselin E. , Aurière M. 
Published: April 2017

Context.Red supergiant (RSG) stars are very massive cool evolved stars. Recently, a weak magnetic field was measured at the surface ofαOri and this is so far the only M-type supergiant for which a direct detection of a surface magnetic field has been reported.Aims.By extending the search for surface magnetic field in a sample of late-type supergiants, we want to determine whether the surface magnetic field detected onαOri is a common feature among the M-type supergiants.Methods.With the spectropolarimeter Narval at TélescopeBernard-Lyotwe undertook a search for surface magnetic fields in a sample of cool supergiant stars, and we analysed circular polarisation spectra using the least-squares deconvolution technique.Results.We detect weak Zeeman signatures of stellar origin in the targets CE Tau,α1Her andμCep. For the latter star, we also show that cross-talk from the strong linear polarisation signals detected on this star must be taken into account. For CE Tau andμCep, the longitudinal component of the detected surface fields is at the Gauss-level, such as inαOri. We measured a longitudinal field almost an order of magnitude stronger forα1Her. We also report variability of the longitudinal magnetic field of CE Tau andα1Her, with changes in good agreement with the typical atmospheric dynamics time-scales. We also report a non-detection of magnetic field at the surface of the yellow supergiant starρCas.Conclusions.The two RSG stars of our sample, CE Tau andμCep, display magnetic fields very similar to that ofαOri. The non-detection of a magnetic field on the post-RSG starρCas suggests that the magnetic field disappears, or at least becomes undetectable with present methods, at later evolutionary stages. Our analysis ofα1Her supports the proposed reclassification of the star as an M-type asymptotic giant branch star.
Synthesis of Allylbenzene Derivatives through sp3 C–H Bond Functionalization of Toluene Derivatives
Authors: Abbasi Alireza , Ghazanfarpour-Darjani Majid , Shahsavari Fatemeh , Ghafelebashi Seyed , Daftari-Besheli Majid 
Published: April 2017

An sp3 C–H bond-transformation reaction of toluene substrates to afford the corresponding allylbenzene derivatives is described. Optimum conditions were identified as involving the use of tetrabutylammonium iodide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide at 80 °C.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Galen Vein Aneurysm Using Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Perinatal and Long-Term Neurological Outcomes: A Case Series
Authors: Pires Pedro , Martins Larisse de Brito Aurélio , Pires Norma Maria Tenório Brito , Werner Heron , Ferreira Adilson Cunha , Araujo Júnior Edward 
Published: April 2017

Objective To describe the prenatal diagnosis of Galen vein aneurysm (GVA) based on ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a series of cases, as well as its postnatal outcomes and follow-up until 4 years of age.
Methods A retrospective longitudinal study was performed, analyzing a database comprising seven cases of prenatal diagnosis of GVA at two Brazilian institutions from February of 2000 to May of 2012. The following data were evaluated: gestational age at diagnosis, GVA dimensions on ultrasonography, associated fetal changes, findings on fetal echocardiography, gestational age at delivery, type of delivery, birth weight, Apgar score at the 1st and 5th minutes, neonatal outcomes, and survival with follow-up until 4 years of age.
Results The mean gestational age ± standard deviation on the prenatal diagnosis of GVA based on ultrasonography was 25 ± 4.9 weeks. The mean length of GVA was 3.2 ± 0.4 cm. The mean gestational age at birth was 37.5 ± 0.7 weeks, and a cesarean section was performed in 85.7% of the cases (6/7). The mean birth weight was 3,070 ± 240.4 g. The total survival rate was 42.8% (4/7), with three neonatal deaths. Of the four survivors, three presented with normal neuropsychomotor development until 4 years of age and only one showed serious neurological sequelae. Ultrasonography and MRI showed similar findings for all seven cases.
Conclusions Galen Vein Aneurysm is associated with a high neonatal death rate. Therefore, its prenatal diagnosis is essential for parent counseling and follow-up at tertiary care institutions.
Die bipolare Stimulation kann die Erfolgsrate des Peripheren Nervenevaluationstests der sakralen Neuromodulation verbessern
Authors: Reitz André , Hüsch Tanja , Doggweiler Regula , Buse Stephan , Haferkamp Axel 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Die vorliegende Studie vergleicht die unipolare und die bipolare Stimulationstechnik während des Peripheren Nervenevaluationstestes der Sakralen Neuromodulation in einer Kohorte von 100 Patienten mit nicht-neurogenen und neurogenen Harntraktfunktionsstörungen und überprüft die Hypothese, dass die bipolare Technik der unipolaren bezogen auf die Testeffektivität überlegen ist.
Material und Methoden In diese Fall-Kontroll-Studie wurden 43 Patienten mit biopolarer und 57 Patienten mit unipolarer Stimulation eingeschlossen. Für die bipolare Stimulation wurden vier Elektroden an S3 und S4 beidseits platziert und die Elektroden von S3 und S4 jeder Seite elektrisch verbunden. In einem Testprotokoll über acht Tage wurde die Wirksamkeit der Stimulation überprüft. Nach Ende der Testphase wurden die Elektroden entfernt und das Ergebnis mit Hilfe der Miktionstagebücher ermittelt. Als Vergleichsgruppe diente eine Kohorte mit 57 Patienten und unipolarer Stimulation (aktive Elektrode an der Sakralwurzel und passive Elektrode auf der Haut).
Results Das unipolare Testverfahren war erfolgreich in 47 % (27 /57), das bipolare in 58 % (25 /43). In der bipolaren Gruppe profitierten 63 % (12/19) mit neurogener Harntraktfunktionsstörung vs. 57 % (13/23) in der unipolaren Gruppe. Ohne neurologisches Leiden wiesen bei bipolarer 58 % (14/24) einen erfolgreichen Test auf vs. 41 % (14/24) bei unipolarer Stimulation. Eine Multivarianzanalyse zeigte jedoch keinen statistisch signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den Gesamt- und Untergruppen.
Schlussfolgerung Auch wenn nicht statistisch signifikant, so zeigte sich bei bipolarer Stimulation eine höhere Erfolgsrate als bei der unipolaren Stimulation. Auch bei der Analyse der Subgruppen mit neurogener und nicht neurogener Harntraktfunktionsstörung zeigten sich ähnliche Ergebnisse. Eine größere Serie bei nicht neurogen bedingter Drang/Dranginkontinenz oder Retention kann möglicherweise in Zukunft klären, ob mit der bipolaren Stimulation eine Erfolgsrate auf dem Niveau der zweistufigen Implantation erzielt werden kann.
Transient Severe Motion Artifact Related to Gadoxetate Disodium-Enhanced Liver MRI: Frequency and Risk Evaluation at a German Institution
Authors: Well Lennart , Rausch Vanessa , Adam Gerhard , Henes Frank , Bannas Peter 
Published: April 2017

Purpose Varying frequencies (5 – 18 %) of contrast-related transient severe motion (TSM) imaging artifacts during gadoxetate disodium-enhanced arterial phase liver MRI have been reported. Since previous reports originated from the United States and Japan, we aimed to determine the frequency of TSM at a German institution and to correlate it with potential risk factors and previously published results.
Materials and Methods Two age- and sex-matched groups were retrospectively selected (gadoxetate disodium n = 89; gadobenate dimeglumine n = 89) from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI examinations in a single center. Respiratory motion-related artifacts in non-enhanced and dynamic phases were assessed independently by two readers blinded to contrast agents on a 4-point scale. Scores of ≥ 3 were considered as severe motion artifacts. Severe motion artifacts in arterial phases were considered as TSM if scores in all other phases were < 3. Potential risk factors for TSM were evaluated via logistic regression analysis.
Results For gadoxetate disodium, the mean score for respiratory motion artifacts was significantly higher in the arterial phase (2.2 ± 0.9) compared to all other phases (1.6 ± 0.7) (p < 0.05). The frequency of TSM was significantly higher with gadoxetate disodium (n = 19; 21.1 %) than with gadobenate dimeglumine (n = 1; 1.1 %) (p < 0.001). The frequency of TSM at our institution is similar to some, but not all previously published findings. Logistic regression analysis did not show any significant correlation between TSM and risk factors (all p > 0.05).
Conclusion We revealed a high frequency of TSM after injection of gadoxetate disodium at a German institution, substantiating the importance of a diagnosis-limiting phenomenon that so far has only been reported from the United States and Japan. In accordance with previous studies, we did not identify associated risk factors for TSM.
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Patient-reported adverse events after colonoscopy in Norway
Authors: Hoff Geir , de Lange Thomas , Bretthauer Michael , Buset Magne , Dahler Stein , Halvorsen Fred-Arne , Halwe Jörg , Heibert Mathis , Høie Ole , Kjellevold Øystein , Moritz Volker , Sandvei Per , Seip Birgitte , Aabakken Lars , Holme Øyvind 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background and aims Patient-reported outcome measures are increasingly important in healthcare. European guidelines have recommended inclusion of patient feedback to capture adverse events due to colonoscopy, but this is rarely implemented.
Methods The Norwegian Quality Assurance network for endoscopy (Gastronet) collects patient-reported outcome for colonoscopies. Free-text comments on patient reports from January to December 2015 were characterized as positive or negative. All negative free-text comments were scrutinized for information that might suggest colonoscopy-related adverse events. We identified severe adverse events with and without admission to hospital.
Results We included 16 552 outpatient colonoscopies performed at 21 hospitals. A total of 11 248 procedures (68 %) were accompanied by a patient feedback report, of which 2628 (23 %) had free-text comments (2196 [20 %] characterized as positive and 432 [3.8 %] as negative). These negative free texts on patient reports revealed 15 post-colonoscopy hospital admissions due to adverse events that had not been registered in the colonoscopy report. This increased the number of hospital admissions caused by adverse events from 3 (0.03 %) to 18 (0.16 %). In addition, there were 14 patient reports of severe events without hospital admission. Therefore, a total of 29 severe adverse events reported by patients were missed by conventional documentation in the colonoscopy form.
Conclusion It is feasible to implement patient feedback as routine reporting to capture the full picture of colonoscopy-related adverse events. Some patients experience significant complications that are not recorded through any registries. Patient feedback forms should be tailored to capture adverse events after colonoscopy that are otherwise not easily disclosed.