bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of fluid‐fluid interfacial areas measured with X‐ray microtomography and interfacial partitioning tracer tests for the same samples
Authors: McDonald Kieran , Carroll Kenneth C. , Brusseau Mark L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTwo different methods are currently used for measuring interfacial areas between immiscible fluids within 3‐D porous media, high‐resolution microtomographic imaging and interfacial partitioning tracer tests (IPTT). Both methods were used in this study to measure nonwetting/wetting interfacial areas for a natural sand. The microtomographic imaging was conducted on the same packed columns that were used for the IPTTs. This is in contrast to prior studies comparing the two methods, for which in all cases different samples were used for the two methods. In addition, the columns were imaged before and after the IPTTs to evaluate the potential impacts of the tracer solution on fluid configuration and attendant interfacial area. The interfacial areas measured using IPTT are ∼5 times larger than the microtomographic‐measured values, which is consistent with previous work. Analysis of the image data revealed no significant impact of the tracer solution on NAPL configuration or interfacial area. Other potential sources of error were evaluated, and all were demonstrated to be insignificant. The disparity in measured interfacial areas between the two methods is attributed to the limitation of the microtomography method to characterize interfacial area associated with microscopic surface roughness due to resolution constraints.
Mechanisms for trapping and mobilization of residual fluids during capillary‐dominated three‐phase flow in porous rock
Authors: Helland J. O. , Jettestuen E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe use a multiphase level set approach to simulate capillary‐controlled motions of isolated fluid ganglia surrounded by two other continuous fluids (i.e., double displacements) during three‐phase flow on 3‐D porous rock geometries. Double displacements and three‐phase snap‐off mechanisms are closely related. Water snap‐off on gas/oil interfaces can initiate double displacements that mobilize isolated oil ganglia in water‐wet rock, but it can also terminate ongoing double displacements and trap oil in water. The multiphase level set approach allows for calculating the evolution of disconnected‐phase pressure during the motion. In the events of pore filling by double displacement of oil ganglia, and water snap‐off on gas/oil interfaces, we find that the local gas/oil capillary pressure drops, while local oil/water capillary pressure increases, by a similar magnitude as observed for the capillary pressure drops during single‐pore filling events in dynamic pore‐scale experiments of two‐phase drainage. We also find that oil ganglia decrease their surface area, and achieve a more compact shape, when the gas/oil interfacial area decreases at the expense of increased oil/water interfacial area during double displacement. By comparison with similar two‐phase gas/water simulations, we find that the level of the gas/water capillary pressure curves, including hysteresis loops, are smaller when a mobile, disconnected oil is present, which suggests double displacement of oil is more favorable than direct gas/water displacement. We also present cases in which phase trapping occurred in the three‐phase simulations, but not in the corresponding two‐phase simulations, supporting the view that more trapping is possible in three‐phase flow.
Eteocretans
Authors: Oikonomaki Androniki 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEteocretans, the “genuine Cretans,” as their name implies, were considered by ancient authors as the autochthonous inhabitants of Crete and as possible descendants of the Minoans. The literary tradition places this ancient ethnolinguistic group in east Crete, where a non‐Greek, so called “Eteocretan” language is attested on stone inscriptions.
Antisthenes of Athens
Authors: Prince Susan H. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Antisthenes of Athens (ca. 445–365
bce
) was a Socratic disciple credited in antiquity with rejecting Plato's theory of forms and inspiring Diogenes of Sinope and the Cynic movement. Evidence for his views is difficult. He was famous for rejecting pleasure, the possibility of gainsaying, and probably the definition of essence. He was influenced by not only Socrates, but the broader Sophistic movement.
Maximus of Tyre
Authors: Trapp Michael 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe philosophical orations (dialexeis, “talks”) of Maximus of Tyre open a window not only onto the historical development of Platonism in the later second centuryce, but also onto the integration of philosophy into elite culture in the period of the so‐called Second Sophistic. Their blend of simplified philosophical content with lively and elegant rhetorical form is not exactly paralleled in any other surviving ancient author.
Syrianus
Authors: Wear Sarah Klitenic 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Syrianus was head of the Athenian school of Neoplatonism from 432–7
ce
. He is best known through the work of his student, Proclus. Syrianus’ greatest contribution to Platonist metaphysics is his multi‐layered cosmos. He describes a cosmos comprised of levels closely linked together, each one inhabited by a god or gods arranged in a series of triads. He also outlines a theory of the ideas, coordinating epistemology and ontology.
Theveste
Authors: Cordovana Orietta Dora 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Theveste became a veterans’ colony under Trajan, after the move of the
Legio III Augusta
to Lambaesis. Part of the ancient Roman city plan and some of the city's monuments are still visible in the modern settlement. The forum area, the theater, the amphitheater, and the aqueduct are clearly recognizable. The city was also adorned by fine buildings, such as the honorary arch of Caracalla, a Severan temple, and a large Christian quarter with a beautiful basilica of the fourth century
ce
. The importance of the Roman legionary base was connected with its strategic position. It was at the cross‐point of different natural ecosystems. The main purpose of the military base was the control, on the one hand, of the movement of people and goods between east and west, more precisely between the mountainous areas of the Aurès and the flat and dry lands of the Sahel. On the other hand, the settlement was also crucial for the exchange of communication and control along the north–south axis, between people coming from the northern urbanized areas of the province and nomads and traders from the southern caravan routes of the Sahara.
Trebenishte
Authors: Saripanidi Vivi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

The ancient necropolis discovered near the modern village of Trebenishte, in FYROM (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia), dates from the Early Archaic to the beginning of the Hellenistic period. It is best known for a group of lavishly equipped burials, from the late sixth century
bce
, which reveal the close contacts of the local community with its neighboring cultures. Bristling with artifacts made of precious metals and imported goods, these wealthy graves further attest a particular emphasis on the spheres of warfare and feasting.
Zominthos
Authors: Christakis Kostis S. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Zominthos was an important site specializing in the exploitation of the rich mountainous hinterland of Mount Ida and in the shipment of locally produced goods to major centers of consumption. The site was occupied during the Neopalatial period and was abandoned in 1520
bce
. Limited reoccupation occurred during Late Minoan III period. Excavation uncovered parts of a monumental complex, the seat of a local ruling group that controlled the natural resources and the routes leading to the Idaean Cave and to important settlements of north central Crete.
Macedonian bronzes
Authors: Perron Martin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

“Macedonian bronzes” is a generic term referring to a wide range of bronze ornaments and jewelry made in the northwest Aegean and south‐central Balkans between the late eighth and the first half of the fifth century
bce
. Widely distributed throughout the Aegean, the Balkans, and Magna Graecia, they are mostly found in tombs and sanctuaries.
Syrtes
Authors: Cordovana Orietta Dora 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Ancient sources are unanimous in describing the Syrtes area as a peculiar habitat of different climatic zones stretching from West to East for almost 1000 kilometers. The smaller western gulf, the
Syrtis Minor
, was populated by small settlements with flourishing economies related to fishing and trade since the archaic period (seventh to sixth centuries
bce
). The western gulf, the
Syrtis Maior
, was not contiguous, but separated from the
Syrtis Minor
by the region of the Tripolitanian
Emporia
. This geographical conformation determines very different environmental characters, so that the whole area marked a border and a transitional zone between the Greek and Carthaginian world from a very early period.
Chaldaeans
Authors: Payne Elizabeth E. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

The Chaldaean tribes lived in and around the urban centers of southern Mesopotamia during the first millennium
bce
. Leaders of these tribes often challenged Assyrian efforts to control Babylonia, and several became kings themselves. Despite this earlier precedent, there is no evidence to support the commonly held claim that the Neo‐Babylonian kings belonged to a Chaldaean dynasty.
Lukka
Authors: Yakubovich Ilya 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Lukka was a coastal region in Bronze Age Anatolia, probably to be identified with Classical Lycia. It is mentioned in Hittite, Luwian, Akkadian, and Egyptian texts. The cumulative analysis of the sources leaves the impression that the Lukka lands remained politically decentralized and were never fully integrated into the empire of Hattusa.
Obesity Paradox in Recurrent Attacks of Gout in Observational Studies: Clarification and Remedy
Authors: Nguyen Uyen‐Sa D. T. , Zhang Yuqing , Louie‐Gao Qiong , Niu Jingbo , Felson David T. , LaValley Michael P. , Choi Hyon K. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveObesity is strongly associated with incident gout risk, but its association with the risk of recurrent gout attacks has been null or weak, constituting an obesity paradox. We sought to demonstrate and overcome the methodologic issues associated with the obesity paradox for risk of recurrent gout attacks.MethodsUsing the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial database, we decomposed the total effect of obesity into its direct and indirect (i.e., mediated) effects using marginal structural models. We also estimated the total effect of body mass index (BMI) change from baseline among incident gout patients.ResultsOf 11,816 gout‐free subjects at baseline, we documented 408 incident gout cases, with 132 developing recurrent gout attacks over a 7‐year followup period. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for incident gout among obese individuals was 2.6, whereas that for recurrent gout attacks among gout patients was 0.98 (i.e., the obesity paradox). These ORs correlated well with the ORs for the indirect and direct effects of obesity on the risk of recurrent gout attacks (2.83 and 0.98, respectively). Compared with no BMI change, the OR of increasing versus decreasing >5% of baseline BMI was 0.61 and 1.60 for recurrent gout attacks, respectively (P for trend < 0.01), suggesting a dose‐response association.ConclusionThe obesity paradox for the risk of recurrent gout attacks is explained by the absence of the direct effect, which is often measured in conventional analyses and misinterpreted as the intended total effect of interest. In contrast, the BMI change analysis correctly estimated the intended total effect of BMI, and revealed a dose‐response relationship.
Validity and Responsiveness of a 10‐Item Patient‐Reported Measure of Physical Function in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinic Population
Authors: Wahl Elizabeth , Gross Andrew , Chernitskiy Vladimir , Trupin Laura , Gensler Lianne , Chaganti Krishna , Michaud Kaleb , Katz Patricia , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveWe assessed implementation of the 10‐item Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical function form (PF‐10a) in routine practice in a racially and ethnically diverse population with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objectives were to determine feasibility of implementing PF‐10a in the electronic health record (EHR) and PF‐10a validity and longitudinal responsiveness.MethodsClinical and demographic data were abstracted from EHRs for all RA patients seen at a university‐based rheumatology clinic between February 2013 and February 2015. We evaluated floor and ceiling (edge) effects and construct validity of PF‐10a in a subgroup of patients with Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) scores (n = 189). We used linear mixed‐effects models to assess responsiveness of PF‐10a to longitudinal changes in the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) for patients in the entire clinical cohort, with both scores recorded on at least 2 encounters (n = 326).ResultsHalf of the patients were nonwhite, and 15% were non‐English speakers. Over a 2‐year period, PF10a was successfully implemented; 97% of patients and 89% of encounters had at least 1 measurement performed. PF‐10a had fewer ceiling (defined as best) effects than the HAQ (8% versus 22%), and convergent validity was high (r = −0.85). PF‐10a was sensitive to expected differences (older versus younger patients, more versus less active disease). Longitudinal changes in PF‐10a were highly associated with changes in the CDAI score (P < 0.0001).ConclusionPF‐10a was feasible to implement in a diverse RA population. It strongly correlates with the HAQ but has fewer ceiling effects and is responsive to changes in RA disease activity, suggesting its validity for use in routine clinical practice.
Grasping primate development: Ontogeny of intrinsic hand and foot proportions in capuchin monkeys (Cebus albifrons and Sapajus apella)
Authors: Young Jesse W. , Heard‐Booth Amber N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractYoung primates have relatively large hands and feet for their body size, perhaps enhancing grasping ability. We test the hypothesis that selection for improved grasping ability is responsible for these scaling trends by examining the ontogeny of intrinsic hand and foot proportions in capuchin monkeys (Cebus albifrons and Sapajus apella). If selection for improved grasping ability is responsible for the observed patterns of hand and foot growth in primates, we predicted that fingers and toes would be longer early in life and proportionally decline with age. We measured the lengths of manual and pedal metapodials and phalanges in a mixed‐longitudinal radiographic sample. Bone lengths were (a) converted into phalangeal indices (summed non‐distal phalangeal length/metapodial length) to test for age‐related changes in intrinsic proportions and (b) fit to Gompertz models of growth to test for differences in the dynamics of phalangeal versus metapodial growth. Manual and pedal phalangeal indices nearly universally decreased with age in capuchin monkeys. Growth curve analyses revealed that metapodials generally grew at a faster rate, and for a longer duration, than corresponding phalanges. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that primates are under selection for increased grasping ability early in life. Relatively long digits may be functionally adaptive for growing capuchins, permitting a more secure grasp on both caregivers and arboreal supports, as well as facilitating early foraging. Additional studies of primates and other mammals, as well as tests of grasping performance, are required to fully evaluate the adaptive significance of primate hand and foot growth.
Cell‐Penetrating Poly(disulfide) Assisted Intracellular Delivery of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Inhibition of miR‐21 Function and Detection of Subsequent Therapeutic Effects
Authors: Yu Changmin , Qian Linghui , Ge Jingyan , Fu Jiaqi , Yuan Peiyan , Yao Samantha C. L. , Yao Shao Q. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe design of drug delivery systems capable of minimal endolysosomal trapping, controlled drug release, and real‐time monitoring of drug effect is highly desirable for personalized medicine. Herein, by using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) coated with cell‐penetrating poly(disulfide)s and a fluorogenic apoptosis‐detecting peptide (DEVD‐AAN), we have developed a platform that could be uptaken rapidly by mammalian cells via endocytosis‐independent pathways. Subsequent loading of these MSNs with small molecule inhibitors and antisense oligonucleotides resulted in intracellular release of these drugs, leading to combination inhibition of endogenous miR‐21 activities which was immediately detectable by the MSN surface‐coated peptide using two‐photon fluorescence microscopy.
Excavated Cubic Platinum–Tin Alloy Nanocrystals Constructed from Ultrathin Nanosheets with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Chen Qiaoli , Yang Yanan , Cao Zhenming , Kuang Qin , Du Guifen , Jiang Yaqi , Xie Zhaoxiong , Zheng Lansun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractExcavated polyhedral noble‐metal materials that were built by the orderly assembly of ultrathin nanosheets have both large surface areas and well‐defined facets, and therefore could be promising candidates for diverse important applications. In this work, excavated cubic Pt–Sn alloy nanocrystals (NCs) with {110} facets were constructed from twelve nanosheets by a simple co‐reduction method with the assistance of the surface regulator polyvinylpyrrolidone. The specific surface area of the excavated cubic Pt–Sn NCs is comparable to that of commercial Pt black despite their larger particle size. The excavated cubic Pt–Sn NCs exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity in terms of both the specific area current density and the mass current density towards methanol oxidation.
Preparation and characterization of hydrophilic and antifouling poly(ether sulfone) ultrafiltration membranes modified with Zn–Al layered double hydroxides
Authors: Zhao Yu , Li Nana , Yuan Fangzhu , Zhang Haiding , Xia Shengji 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTZn–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH)‐entrapped poly(ether sulfone) (PES) ultrafiltration membranes with four different weight percentages, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0%, were prepared by a phase‐inversion method. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and contact angle (CA), equilibrium water content, porosity, average pore size, mechanical strength, and ζ potential measurement were used to evaluate the morphological structure and physical and chemical properties of membranes. Static protein adsorption, filtration, and rejection experiments were conducted to study the antifouling properties, water permeability, and removal ability of the modified membranes. The results show that significant change occurred in the membrane morphology and that better hydrophilicity, water permeability, and antifouling ability were also achieved for the PES/LDH membranes when a proper amount of LDH was used. For example, the CA value decreased from 66.60 to 50.21°, and the pure water flux increased from 80.21 to 119.10 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 when the LDH loading was increased from 0 to 2.0 wt %. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43988.
Metal–Organic Gel Material Based on UiO‐66‐NH2 Nanoparticles for Improved Adsorption and Conversion of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Liu Liping , Zhang Jianyong , Fang Haobin , Chen Liuping , Su Cheng‐Yong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) including the UiO‐66 series show potential application in the adsorption and conversion of CO2. Herein, we report the first tetravalent metal‐based metal–organic gels constructed from ZrIV and 2‐aminoterephthalic acid (H2BDC‐NH2). The ZrBDC‐NH2 gel materials are based on UiO‐66‐NH2 nanoparticles and were easily prepared under mild conditions (80 °C for 4.5 h). The ZrBDC‐NH2‐1:1‐0.2 gel material has a high surface area (up to 1040 m2 g−1) and showed outstanding performance in CO2 adsorption (by using the dried material) and conversion (by using the wet gel) arising from the combined advantages of the gel and the UiO‐66‐NH2 MOF. The ZrBDC‐NH2‐1:1‐0.2 dried material showed 38 % higher capture capacity for CO2 at 298 K than microcrystalline UiO‐66‐NH2. It showed high ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity (71.6 at 298 K) for a CO2/N2 gas mixture (molar ratio 15:85). Furthermore, the ZrBDC‐NH2‐1:1‐0.2 gel showed activity as a heterogeneous catalyst in the chemical fixation of CO2 and an excellent catalytic performance was achieved for the cycloaddition of atmospheric pressure of CO2 to epoxides at 373 K. In addition, the gel catalyst could be reused over multiple cycles with no considerable loss of catalytic activity.
Luminescence analysis of SrGa2Si2O8: RE3+ (RE = Dy, Tm) phosphors
Authors: R.Kadukar Monali , Dhoble S. J. , Sahu A. K. , Nayar V. , Sailaja S. , Reddy B. Sudhakar 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article reports on the luminescence properties of rare earth (Dy3+ and Tm3+)ions doped SrGa2Si2O8 phosphor were studied. SrGa2Si2O8phosphors weresynthesizedby employing solid state reaction method.From the measured X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the samplemonoclinic phase structure has been observed. Thermoluminescenceand Mechanoluminescence properties of the γ‐ray irradiated samples have been studied. Photoluminescence spectra of Dy3+ activated SrGa2Si2O8phosphor has been measured with an excitation wavelength at 348 nm,and it shows two emission bands at 483 and 574 nm due to 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transitions respectively. Whereas the photoluminescence spectra of Tm3+ activated SrGa2Si2O8 phosphor has been measured with an excitation wavelength at 359 nm and it exhibits two emission bands at 454 and 472 nm due to 1D2 → 3F4 and1G4 → 3H6 transitions respectively. In thermoluminescence study, γ‐irradiatedthermoluminescence glow curve of SrGa2Si2O8:Dy3+ phosphor shows two well defined peaks at 293 °C (peak1)and 170 °C (peak2) whereas thermoluminescence glow curve of SrGa2Si2O8:Tm3+ phosphor shows peaks at 292 °C (peak1) and 184 °C (peak2) indicating that two sets of traps are being activated within the particular temperature range and the trapping parameters associated with the prominent glow peaks of SrGa2Si2O8:Dy3+ and SrGa2Si2O8:Tm3+ are calculated using Chen's peak shape and initial rise method.From the Mechanoluminescence study, only one glow peak has been observed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thiol Redox and pKa Properties of Mycothiol, the Predominant Low‐Molecular‐Weight Thiol Cofactor in the Actinomycetes
Authors: Sharma Sunil V. , Van Laer Koen , Messens Joris , Hamilton Chris J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe thiol pKa and standard redox potential of mycothiol, the major low‐molecular‐weight thiol cofactor in the actinomycetes, are reported. The measured standard redox potential reveals substantial discrepancies in one or more of the other previously measured intracellular parameters that are relevant to mycothiol redox biochemistry.