bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Prophylactic Knee Bracing on Lower Limb Kinematics, Kinetics, and Energetics During Double-Leg Drop Landing at 2 Heights
Authors: Ewing Katie A. , Begg Rezaul K. , Galea Mary P. , Lee Peter V.S. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries commonly occur during landing maneuvers. Prophylactic knee braces were introduced to reduce the risk of ACL injuries, but their effectiveness is debated. Hypotheses: We hypothesized that bracing would improve biomechanical factors previously related to the risk of ACL injuries, such as increased hip and knee flexion angles at initial contact and at peak vertical ground-reaction force (GRF), increased ankle plantar flexion angles at initial contact, decreased peak GRFs, and decreased peak knee extension moment. We also hypothesized that bracing would increase the negative power and work of the hip joint and would decrease the negative power and work of the knee and ankle joints. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Three-dimensional motion and force plate data were collected from 8 female and 7 male recreational athletes performing double-leg drop landings from 0.30 m and 0.60 m with and without a prophylactic knee brace. GRFs, joint angles, moments, power, and work were calculated for each athlete with and without a knee brace. Results: Prophylactic knee bracing increased the hip flexion angle at peak GRF by 5.56° ( P < .001), knee flexion angle at peak GRF by 4.75° ( P = .001), and peak hip extension moment by 0.44 N·m/kg ( P < .001). Bracing also increased the peak hip negative power by 4.89 W/kg ( P = .002) and hip negative work by 0.14 J/kg ( P = .001) but did not result in significant differences in the energetics of the knee and ankle. No differences in peak GRFs and peak knee extension moment were observed with bracing. Conclusion: The application of a prophylactic knee brace resulted in improvements in important biomechanical factors associated with the risk of ACL injuries. Clinical Relevance: Prophylactic knee braces may help reduce the risk of noncontact knee injuries in recreational and professional athletes while playing sports. Further studies should investigate different types of prophylactic knee braces in conjunction with existing training interventions so that the sports medicine community can better assess the effectiveness of prophylactic knee bracing.
Are Vancomycin Trough Concentrations of 15 to 20 mg/L Associated With Increased Attainment of an AUC/MIC ≥ 400 in Patients With Presumed MRSA Infection?
Authors: Hale Cory M. , Seabury Robert W. , Steele Jeffrey M. , Darko William , Miller Christopher D. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose: To determine whether there is an association between higher vancomycin trough concentrations and attainment of a calculated area under the concentration–time curve (AUC)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥400. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted among vancomycin-treated adult patients with a positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) culture. Attainment of a calculated AUC/MIC ≥400 was compared between patients with troughs in the reference range of 15 to 20 mg/L and those with troughs in the following ranges: <10, 10 to 14.9, and >20 mg/L. Nephrotoxicity was assessed as a secondary outcome based on corrected average vancomycin troughs over 10 days of treatment. Results: Overall, 226 patients were reviewed and 100 included. Relative to troughs ≥10, patients with vancomycin troughs <10 mg/L were 73% less likely to attain an AUC/MIC ≥400 (odds ratio [OR] 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.75). No difference was found in the attainment of an AUC/MIC ≥400 in patients with troughs of 10 to 14.9 mg/L and >20 mg/L when compared to patients with troughs of 15 to 20 mg/L. The mean corrected average vancomycin trough was higher in patients developing nephrotoxicity compared to those who did not (19.5 vs 14.5 mg/L, P < .001). Conclusion: Achieving vancomycin serum trough concentrations of 15 to 20 mg/L did not result in an increased attainment of the AUC/MIC target relative to troughs of 10 to 14.9 mg/L but may increase nephrotoxicity risk.
Delusional infestation: the case for improved mental state testing
Authors: O’Connell Jessica E , Jackson Henry J 
Published: April 2016

Objectives: Delusional infestation may present as a primary disorder or secondary to another disorder (e.g. schizophrenia). In this report we focus on the issue of inadequacies in mental state examinations leading to diagnostic uncertainty. Methods: Case studies were identified for this review through searching the academic databases MedLine, PSYCInfo and PubMed. We developed a template that contained 36 headings and independently examined each case study report. Our percentage agreement for the first 42 case studies we reviewed was 91%. Results: We identified diagnostic uncertainty due to inadequacies in the reporting of mental state examinations. Conclusions: Clinicians need to provide mental state information to an adequate standard that would allow confirmation of a diagnosis of delusions of infestation or exclude other possibilities.
Women Leaders in China
Authors: Wang Jia , Shirmohammadi Melika 
Published: April 2016

The Problem Leadership research has received extensive attention; however, leadership research that focuses on women is still not part of the mainstream. Furthermore, our current knowledge about leadership is primarily built upon studies situated in the Western context. As a result, while we know much about leadership in general, our understanding of women leadership in a non-Western setting, specifically in China, is still limited. The Solution This scoping study was conducted to provide a holistic and balanced picture of women leadership progress in China through a literature review. By focusing on women leaders in China, we intend to extend our current understanding of the leadership phenomenon beyond the Western context and the mainstream research foci. The Stakeholders Developing women leaders is a collaborative effort, requiring multiple stakeholders. For China, findings from this research will benefit national policymakers, organizational leaders, human resource development practitioners, and women leaders. It will also inform Western organizations and managers who will interact with women leaders in China, as well as all scholars who pursue this line of inquiry.
Restless Legs Syndrome Following Lung Transplantation
Authors: Menninga Nathan J. , Rohde Kalynn A. , Schlei Zachary W. , Katers Krista M. , Weber Ashley K. , Brokhof Marissa M. , Hawes Donald S. , Radford Kelly L. , Francois Mary L. , Cornwell Richard D. , Benca Ruth , Hayney Mary S. , Dopp John M. 
Published: April 2016

Context: Complications following lung transplantation are common and significantly reduce quality of life, and increase morbidity and mortality. Increasing evidence suggests sleep disorders are prevalent following lung transplantation, but factors associated with their development are not known. Objectives: We sought to evaluate the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in a lung transplant population and determine if a relationship exists between RLS and exposure to immunosuppressant medications. Design, Setting, and Participants: Subjects were recruited through the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics Lung Transplant Clinic (N = 125). Participants (N = 81) completed sleep questionnaires, including the four RLS diagnostic criteria, insomnia severity index, and Sheehan disability scale. Cumulative tacrolimus exposure was determined in 62 subjects by calculating an area under the curve (AUC) to assess for a relationship with restless legs syndrome. Results: Prevalence of RLS was 35 percent. Cumulative mean ± SEM tacrolimus exposure was similar in patients with RLS versus those without RLS (17446±1855 ng days/mL vs. 15303 ± 1643 ng days/mL, respectively; p = 0.42). Insomnia severity index scores (12.5 ± 1.0 vs 6.8 ± 0.7, p < 0.0001) and Sheehan disability scores (7.8 ± 1.3 vs 3.6 ± 0.6, p = 0.003) were significantly higher in those with vs those without RLS symptoms, respectively. Conclusions: Our data confirms increased prevalence of RLS following lung transplantation reported by previous studies. RLS symptoms were not related to estimated tacrolimus exposure. Predictors of RLS following lung transplantation need to be further investigated to better identify and control RLS symptoms and reduce associated insomnia and disability.
Information management in the Australian aged care setting
Authors: Davis Jenny , Morgans Amee , Burgess Stephen 
Published: April 2016

Background: Information management systems and processes have an impact on quality and safety of care in any setting and particularly in the complex care setting of aged care. Few studies have comprehensively examined information management in the Australian aged care setting. Objective: To (i) critically analyse and synthesize evidence related to information management in aged care, (ii) identify aged care data collection frameworks and (iii) identify factors impacting information management. Methods: An integrative review of Australian literature published between March 2008 and August 2014 and data collection frameworks concerning information management in aged care were carried out. Results: There is limited research investigating the information-rich setting of aged care in Australia. Electronic systems featured strongly in the review. Existing research focuses on residential settings with community aged care largely absent. Information systems and processes in the setting of aged care in Australia are underdeveloped and poorly integrated. Conclusions: Data quality and access are more problematic within community aged care than residential care settings. The results of this review represent an argument for a national approach to information management in aged care to address multiple stakeholder information needs and more effectively support client care.
Dynamic monitoring of circulating tumor DNA in non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Roschewski Mark , Staudt Louis M. , Wilson Wyndham H. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Response assessment in lymphoma relies on imaging scans that do not capture biologic processes at the molecular level. Monitoring circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) with next-generation sequencing–based assays can detect recurrent disease prior to scans and “liquid biopsies” for somatic mutations address tumor heterogeneity, clonal evolution, and mechanisms of resistance to guide precision treatment. Preanalytic collection and processing procedures should be validated and standardized. We describe emerging applications of ctDNA monitoring including real-time analysis of tumor dynamics, preclinical disease detection, and precision-directed treatment paradigms.
Definition of a COPD self-management intervention: International Expert Group consensus
Authors: Effing Tanja W. , Vercoulen Jan H. , Bourbeau Jean , Trappenburg Jaap , Lenferink Anke , Cafarella Paul , Coultas David , Meek Paula , van der Valk Paul , Bischoff Erik W.M.A. , Bucknall Christine , Dewan Naresh A. , Early Frances , Fan Vincent , Frith Peter , Janssen Daisy J.A. , Mitchell Katy , Morgan Mike , Nici Linda , Patel Irem , Walters Haydn , Rice Kathryn L. , Singh Sally , Zuwallack Richard , Benzo Roberto , Goldstein Roger , Partridge Martyn R. , van der Palen Job 
Published: April 2016

There is an urgent need for consensus on what defines a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) self-management intervention. We aimed to obtain consensus regarding the conceptual definition of a COPD self-management intervention by engaging an international panel of COPD self-management experts using Delphi technique features and an additional group meeting.In each consensus round the experts were asked to provide feedback on the proposed definition and to score their level of agreement (1=totally disagree; 5=totally agree). The information provided was used to modify the definition for the next consensus round. Thematic analysis was used for free text responses and descriptive statistics were used for agreement scores.In total, 28 experts participated. The consensus round response rate varied randomly over the five rounds (ranging from 48% (n=13) to 85% (n=23)), and mean definition agreement scores increased from 3.8 (round 1) to 4.8 (round 5) with an increasing percentage of experts allocating the highest score of 5 (round 1: 14% (n=3); round 5: 83% (n=19)).In this study we reached consensus regarding a conceptual definition of what should be a COPD self-management intervention, clarifying the requisites for such an intervention. Operationalisation of this conceptual definition in the near future will be an essential next step.
Bronchodilator response following methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction predicts acute asthma exacerbations
Authors: Park Heung-Woo , Song Woo-Jung , Chang Yoon-Suk , Cho Sang-Heon , Datta Soma , Weiss Scott T. , Tantisira Kelan G. 
Published: April 2016

Methacholine bronchial provocation test provides the concentration of methacholine causing a 20% decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) from baseline (PC20). The dose–response slope (DRS), and other continuous indices of responsiveness (CIR; the percentage decline from the post-diluent baseline FEV1after the last dose of methacholine), and per cent recovery index (PRI; the percentage increase from the maximally reduced FEV1after bronchodilator inhalation) are alternative measures. The clinical relevance of these indices in predicting acute asthma exacerbations has not been fully evaluated.In two prospective cohorts of childhood and elderly asthmatics, baseline PC20, DRS, CIR and PRI were measured and evaluated as predictors of acute asthma exacerbations.We found that PRI was significantly related to the presence of asthma exacerbations during the first year of follow-up in both cohorts of childhood (p=0.025) and elderly asthmatics (p=0.003). In addition, PRI showed a significant association with the total number of steroid bursts during 4.3 years of follow-up in the cohort of childhood asthmatics (p=0.04).We demonstrated that PRI, an index of reversibility following methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction, was a good clinical predictor of acute exacerbations of asthma in both childhood and elderly asthmatics.
Real-life assessment of the multidimensional nature of dyspnoea in COPD outpatients
Authors: Morélot-Panzini Capucine , Gilet Hélène , Aguilaniu Bernard , Devillier Philippe , Didier Alain , Perez Thierry , Pignier Christophe , Arnould Benoit , Similowski Thomas 
Published: April 2016

Dyspnoea is a prominent symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recent multidimensional dyspnoea questionnaires like the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP) individualise the sensory and affective dimensions of dyspnoea. We tested the MDP in COPD outpatients based on the hypothesis that the importance of the affective dimension of dyspnoea would vary according to clinical characteristics.A multicentre, prospective, observational, real-life study was conducted in 276 patients. MDP data were compared across various categories of patients (modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea score, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) airflow obstruction categories, GOLD “ABCD” categories, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)). Univariate and multivariate regressions were conducted to explore factors influencing the affective dimension of dyspnoea. Cluster analysis was conducted to create homogeneous patient profiles.The MDP identified a more marked affective dimension of dyspnoea with more severe mMRC, CAT, 12-item Short-Form Health Survey mental component, airflow obstruction and HADS. Multivariate analysis identified airflow obstruction, depressive symptoms and physical activity as determinants of the affective dimension of dyspnoea. Patients clustered into an “elderly, ex-smoker, severe disease, no rehabilitation” group exhibited the most marked affective dimension of dyspnoea.An affective/emotional dimension of dyspnoea can be identified in routine clinical practice. It can contribute to the phenotypic description of patients. Studies are needed to determine whether targeted therapeutic interventions can be designed and whether they are useful.
Implementation of a methodology for determining elastic properties of lipid assemblies from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Johner Niklaus , Harries Daniel , Khelashvili George 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
The importance of the material properties of membranes for diverse cellular processes is well established. Notably, the elastic properties of the membrane, which depend on its composition, can directly influence membrane reshaping and fusion processes as well as the organisation and function of membrane proteins. Determining these properties is therefore key for a mechanistic understanding of how the cell functions.

Results
We have developed a method to determine the bending rigidity and tilt modulus, for lipidic assemblies of arbitrary lipid composition and shape, from molecular dynamics simulations. The method extracts the elastic moduli from the distributions of microscopic tilts and splays of the lipid components. We present here an open source implementation of the method as a set of Python modules using the computational framework OpenStructure. These modules offer diverse algorithms typically used in the calculatation the elastic moduli, including routines to align MD trajectories of complex lipidic systems, to determine the water/lipid interface, to calculate lipid tilts and splays, as well as to fit the corresponding distributions to extract the elastic properties. We detail the implementation of the method and give several examples of how to use the modules in specific cases.

Conclusions
The method presented here is, to our knowledge, the only available computational approach allowing to quantify the elastic properties of lipidic assemblies of arbitrary shape and composition (including lipid mixtures). The implementation as python modules offers flexibility, which has already allowed the method to be applied to diverse lipid assembly types, ranging from bilayers in the liquid ordered and disordered phases to a study of the inverted-hexagonal phase, and with different force-fields (both all-atom and coarse grained representations). The modules are freely available through GitHub at https://github.com/njohner/ost_pymodules/ while OpenStructure can be obtained at http://www.openstructure.org.
Sortal anaphora resolution to enhance relation extraction from biomedical literature
Authors: Kilicoglu Halil , Rosemblat Graciela , Fiszman Marcelo , Rindflesch Thomas C. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
Entity coreference is common in biomedical literature and it can affect text understanding systems that rely on accurate identification of named entities, such as relation extraction and automatic summarization. Coreference resolution is a foundational yet challenging natural language processing task which, if performed successfully, is likely to enhance such systems significantly. In this paper, we propose a semantically oriented, rule-based method to resolve sortal anaphora, a specific type of coreference that forms the majority of coreference instances in biomedical literature. The method addresses all entity types and relies on linguistic components of SemRep, a broad-coverage biomedical relation extraction system. It has been incorporated into SemRep, extending its core semantic interpretation capability from sentence level to discourse level.

Results
We evaluated our sortal anaphora resolution method in several ways. The first evaluation specifically focused on sortal anaphora relations. Our methodology achieved a F1 score of 59.6 on the test portion of a manually annotated corpus of 320 Medline abstracts, a 4-fold improvement over the baseline method. Investigating the impact of sortal anaphora resolution on relation extraction, we found that the overall effect was positive, with 50 % of the changes involving uninformative relations being replaced by more specific and informative ones, while 35 % of the changes had no effect, and only 15 % were negative. We estimate that anaphora resolution results in changes in about 1.5 % of approximately 82 million semantic relations extracted from the entire PubMed.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that a heavily semantic approach to sortal anaphora resolution is largely effective for biomedical literature. Our evaluation and error analysis highlight some areas for further improvements, such as coordination processing and intra-sentential antecedent selection.
Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells: a therapeutic option in respiratory diseases?
Authors: Abreu Soraia C. , Weiss Daniel J. , Rocco Patricia R. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are plasma membrane-bound fragments released from several cell types, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), constitutively or under stimulation. EVs derived from MSCs and other cell types transfer molecules (such as DNA, proteins/peptides, mRNA, microRNA, and lipids) and/or organelles with reparative and anti-inflammatory properties to recipient cells. The paracrine anti-inflammatory effects promoted by MSC-derived EVs have attracted significant interest in the regenerative medicine field, including for potential use in lung injuries. In the present review, we describe the characteristics, biological activities, and mechanisms of action of MSC-derived EVs. We also review the therapeutic potential of EVs as reported in relevant preclinical models of acute and chronic respiratory diseases, such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Finally, we discuss possible approaches for potentiating the therapeutic effects of MSC-derived EVs so as to enable use of this therapy in clinical practice.
Fixed point theorems for the sum of three classes of mixed monotone operators and applications
Authors: Zhang Xinqiu , Liu Lishan , Wu Yonghong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper we develop various new fixed point theorems for a class of operator equations with three general mixed monotone operators,namely $A(x,x)+B(x,x) +C(x,x)=x$
A
(
x
,
x
)
+
B
(
x
,
x
)
+
C
(
x
,
x
)
=
x
on ordered Banach spaces, where A, B, C are the mixed monotone operators. A is such that for any $t\in(0,1)$
t
∈
(
0
,
1
)
, there exists $\varphi(t)\in(t,1]$
φ
(
t
)
∈
(
t
,
1
]
such that for all $x,y\in P$
x
,
y
∈
P
, $A(tx,t^{-1}y)\geq\varphi(t)A(x,y)$
A
(
t
x
,

t

−
1

y
)
≥
φ
(
t
)
A
(
x
,
y
)
; B is hypo-homogeneous, i.e.B satisfies that for any $t\in(0,1)$
t
∈
(
0
,
1
)
, $x,y\in P$
x
,
y
∈
P
, $B(tx,t^{-1}y)\geq tB(x,y)$
B
(
t
x
,

t

−
1

y
)
≥
t
B
(
x
,
y
)
; C is concave-convex, i.e.C satisfies that for fixed y, $C(\cdot,y):P\rightarrow P$
C
(
⋅
,
y
)
:
P
→
P
is concave; for fixed x, $C(x,\cdot)$
C
(
x
,
⋅
)
: $P\rightarrow P$
P
→
P
is convex. Also we study the solution of the nonlinear eigenvalue equation $A(x,x)+B(x,x)+C(x,x)=\lambda x$
A
(
x
,
x
)
+
B
(
x
,
x
)
+
C
(
x
,
x
)
=
λ
x
and discuss its dependency to the parameter. Our work extends many existing results in the field of study. As an application, we utilize the results obtained in this paper for the operator equation to study the existence and uniqueness of positive solutions for a class of nonlinear fractional differential equations with integral boundary conditions.