bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Getting to the Heart of the Matter: A 20-Year-Old Man With Fever, Rash, and Chest Pain
Authors: Sabo Michelle C , Boonyaratanakornkit Jim , Cybulski Robert , Kopmar Noam E , Freeman Rosario V , Fang Ferric C , Graham Susan M 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter cinaedi can encompass a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including fever, rash, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and meningitis. The present case demonstrates the ability of H cinaedi to masquerade as acute rheumatic fever and represents the first reported case of cardiac tamponade caused by H cinaedi.
Running-to-Interrupted Microsuture Technique for Vascular Bypass
Authors: Rennert Robert C , Strickland Ben A , Radwanski Ryan E , Ravina Kristine , Chien Mark , Russin Jonathan J 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The ideal suturing technique for microvascular anastomosis for neurosurgical bypass procedures remains a point of debate. Simple interrupted sutures are thought to possess higher long-term patency but require more time to place as compared to running sutures.

OBJECTIVE
To optimize the efficiency of microvascular anastomosis and limit brain ischemia time.

METHODS
The running-to-interrupted microsuture technique, a modification of the previously published spiral anastomosis, is described wherein loosely thrown running sutures are placed between 2 opposed anchor stitches. The loops are then serially cut and tied, resulting in efficiently placed interrupted stitches. This process is repeated on the opposite side to complete the anastomosis.

RESULTS
The running-to-interrupted microsuture technique is quickly learned, limits unnecessary microsurgical movements, and is employed by the senior author for a multitude of cerebral arterial bypass procedures.

CONCLUSION
This technical improvement can be adapted by any neurovascular surgeon to optimize microsurgical efficiency and limit anastomosis-related brain ischemia times.
The Simplest Idea Is the Best Idea
Authors: Wolber Nicole , Paletz Laurie , Robertson Betty , Steiner Nili , Nezhad Mani , Guerra Sonia 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
A collaborative approach was used to ascertain an appropriate stimulus for the patients to remember their stroke-specific education. The stroke education had to stand out amidst the myriad of papers and folders patients are bombarded with in the hospital. The team came up with the simple idea of using a bright red folder. When the patients were called, the call center would prompt the patient by saying, “The stroke education was given to you in a bright red folder.” Before the implementation of the red folders, only 81.5% of the patients remembered receiving stroke education. After the implementation of the red folders, 96.8% remembered receiving stroke education. The principle of Occam’s razor proved to be correct in our study. A very simple idea such as changing the color of the folders to bright red proved to have very meaningful results.
Trendelenburg position in the ED: many critically ill patients in the emergency department do not tolerate the Trendelenburg position
Authors: Burghold Cornelia M. , Hohenstein Christian , Rueddel Hendrik 
Published: December 2017

Objectives
Critically ill patients in emergency departments (ED) frequently require catheterization of the internal jugular vein. For jugular insertion, the Trendelenburg position (TP) is recommended. However, many patients in the ED do not tolerate lying in the supine or even the head-down position, or TP is contraindicated for other reasons. The aim of our trial was to investigate to which extent TP is either not tolerated or contraindicated in the target population of patients admitted to the ED.

Patients and methods
This was a clinical observational trial, carried out in an ED of a Tertiary Healthcare Hospital, including critically ill patients. From October 2015 to January 2016, we enrolled 117 nonintubated patients over 18 years admitted to the ED of Jena University Hospital, a Tertiary Healthcare Facility. Patients were positioned in TP (15° head-down) for a maximum of 10 min. If the position had to be abandoned for any reason, time to abandonment and reason for ending the position were recorded. 38.5% of all enrolled patients could not be positioned in TP because of contraindications (17.9%) or intolerance of the positioning (20.5%).

Results and conclusion
For central venous catheterization, TP remains the gold standard. Our trial shows the limitations of this positioning for critically ill patients. Almost 40% of the patients could not be tilted 15° head-down. Therefore, guideline recommendations should be reconsidered and alternatives should be sought.
Cranial Nerve Coactivation and Implication for Nerve Transfers to the Facial Nerve
Authors: Jensson David , Enghag Sara , Bylund Nina , Jonsson Lars , Wikström Johan , Grindlund Margareta , Flink Roland , Rodriguez-Lorenzo Andres 
Published: December 2017

Summary:
In reanimation surgery, effortless smile can be achieved by a nonfacial donor nerve. The underlying mechanisms for this smile development, and which is the best nonfacial neurotizer, need further clarification. The aim of the present study was therefore to further explore the natural coactivation between facial mimic muscles and muscles innervated by the most common donor nerves used in smile reanimation. The study was conducted in 10 healthy adults. Correlation between voluntary facial muscle movements and simultaneous electromyographic activity in muscles innervated by the masseter, hypoglossal, and spinal accessory nerves was assessed. The association between voluntary movements in the latter muscles and simultaneous electromyographic activity in facial muscles was also studied. Smile coactivated the masseter and tongue muscles equally. During the seven mimic movements, the masseter muscle had fewer electromyographically measured coactivations compared with the tongue (two of seven versus five of seven). The trapezius muscle demonstrated no coactivation during mimic movements. Movements of the masseter, tongue, and trapezius muscles induced electromyographically recorded coactivation in the facial muscles. Bite resulted in the strongest coactivation of the zygomaticus major muscle. The authors demonstrated coactivation between voluntary smile and the masseter and tongue muscles. During voluntary bite, strong coactivation of the zygomaticus major muscle was noted. The narrower coactivation pattern in the masseter muscle may be advantageous for central relearning and the development of a spontaneous smile. The strong coactivation between the masseter muscle and the zygomaticus major indicates that the masseter nerve may be preferred in smile reanimation.
Quantifying long-term predictability in microbial plankton dynamics
Authors: Giner Caterina R. , Balagué Vanessa , Krabberød Anders K. , Ferrera Isabel , Reñé Albert , Garcés Esther , Gasol Josep M. , Logares Ramiro , Massana Ramon 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTDetermining predictability in community turnover is a key ecological question. In the microbial world, seasonality has been reported for communities inhabiting temperate zones, but not much is known on seasonality for individual species. Specifically, we have a vague understanding on the amount of species displaying predictability during temporal community turnover as well as on their dynamics. Here we developed a ‘Recurrence Index’ to quantify predictability in microbial species. Applying our index to 18S rDNA metabarcoding data from one of the longest temporal observatories of marine plankton we determined that 13% of the picoeukaryotic and 19% of the nanoeukaryotic species, accounting for about 40% of the community abundance in both fractions, feature predictable dynamics when sampled monthly during 10 years. Thus, most of the species analysed had unpredictable temporal abundance patterns. Altogether, we show that species with both predictable and unpredictable temporal dynamics can occur within the same seasonal microbial community.
A comprehensive assessment of inbreeding and laboratory adaptation inAedes aegyptimosquitoes
Authors: Ross Perran A. , Endersby-Harshman Nancy M. , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractModifiedAedes aegyptimosquitoes reared in laboratories are being released around the world to control wild mosquito populations and the diseases they transmit. Several efforts have failed due to poor competitiveness of the released mosquitoes. We hypothesized that colonized mosquito populations could suffer from inbreeding depression and adapt to laboratory conditions, reducing their performance in the field. We established replicate populations ofAe. aegyptimosquitoes collected from Queensland, Australia, and maintained them in the laboratory for twelve generations at different census sizes. Mosquito colonies maintained at small census sizes (≤100 individuals) suffered from inbreeding depression due to low effective population sizes which were only 25% of the census size as estimated by SNP markers. Populations that underwent full-sib mating for 9 consecutive generations had greatly reduced performance across all traits measured. We compared the established laboratory populations with their ancestral population resurrected from quiescent eggs for evidence of laboratory adaptation. The overall performance of laboratory populations maintained at a large census size (400 individuals) increased, potentially reflecting adaptation to artificial rearing conditions. However most individual traits were unaffected, and patterns of adaptation were not consistent across populations. Differences between replicate populations may indicate that founder effects and drift affect experimental outcomes. Though we find limited evidence of laboratory adaptation, mosquitoes maintained at low population sizes can clearly suffer fitness costs, compromising the success of “rear and release” strategies for arbovirus control.
A model of protein interactions for regulating plant stem cells
Authors: Gruel Jérémy , Deichmann Julia , Landrein Benoit , Hitchcock Thomas , Jönsson Henrik 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe plant shoot apical meristem holds a stem cell niche from which all aerial organs originate. Using a computational approach we show that a mixture of monomers and heterodimers of the transcription factors WUSCHEL and HAIRY MERISTEM is sufficient to pattern the stem cell niche, and predict that immobile heterodimers form a regulatory ‘pocket’ surrounding the stem cells. The model achieves to reproduce an array of perturbations, including mutants and tissue size modifications. We also show its ability to reproduce the recently observed dynamical shift of the stem cell niche during the development of an axillary meristem. The work integrates recent experimental results to answer the longstanding question of how the asymmetry of expression between the stem cell markerCLAVATA3and its activatorWUSCHELis achieved, and recent findings of plasticity in the system.
Neural Changes Underlying Rapid Fly Song Evolution
Authors: Ding Yun , Lillvis Joshua L. , Cande Jessica , Berman Gordon J. , Arthur Benjamin J. , Xu Min , Dickson Barry J. , Stern David L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe neural basis for behavioural evolution is poorly understood. Functional comparisons of homologous neurons may reveal how neural circuitry contributes to behavioural evolution, but homologous neurons cannot be identified and manipulated in most taxa. Here, we compare the function of homologous courtship song neurons by exporting neurogenetic reagents that label identified neurons inDrosophila melanogastertoD. yakuba. We found a conserved role for a cluster of brain neurons that establish a persistent courtship state. In contrast, a descending neuron with conserved electrophysiological properties drives different song types in each species. Our results suggest that song evolved, in part, due to changes in the neural circuitry downstream of this descending neuron. This experimental approach can be generalized to other neural circuits and therefore provides an experimental framework for studying how the nervous system has evolved to generate behavioural diversity.
Evolution of deghosting process for single‐sensor streamer data from 2D to 3D
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Masoomzadeh Hassan , Wang Bin 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIn marine acquisition, reflections of sound energy from the water–air interface result in ghosts in the seismic data, both in the source side and the receiver side. Ghosts limit the bandwidth of the useful signal and blur the final image. The process to separate the ghost and primary signals, called the deghosting process, can fill the ghost notch, broaden the frequency band, and help achieve high‐resolution images. Low‐signal‐to‐noise ratio near the notch frequencies and 3D effects are two challenges that the deghosting process has to face. In this paper, starting from an introduction to the deghosting process, we present and compare two strategies to solve the latter. The first is an adaptive mechanism that adjusts the deghosting operator to compensate for 3D effects or errors in source/receiver depth measurement. This method does not include explicitly the crossline slowness component and is not affected by the sparse sampling in the same direction. The second method is an inversion‐type approach that does include the crossline slowness component in the algorithm and handles the 3D effects explicitly. Both synthetic and field data examples in wide azimuth acquisition settings are shown to compare the two strategies. Both methods provide satisfactory results.
Endocrine manifestations in children with Williams–Beuren syndrome
Authors: Levy‐Shraga Yael , Gothelf Doron , Pinchevski‐Kadir Shiran , Katz Uriel , Modan‐Moses Dalit 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimEndocrine abnormalities in Williams–Beuren syndrome (WBS) include growth retardation, precocious puberty, hypercalcaemia and thyroid disorders. We aimed to characterise these abnormalities in a national cohort of children with WBS.MethodsA retrospective study comprising a national cohort of individuals with WBS in Israel (16 males, 18 females) followed between 2010 and 2016.ResultsThe age at diagnosis of WBS was 1.4 ± 1.0 years. Height standard deviation score (SDS) at last visit was correlated with the midparental height SDS (r = 0.46 p = 0.007). Yet, participants did not reach their midparental height, with a difference of 1.40 ± 0.85SD (p < 0.001). Short stature below the 3rd percentile was found in 14 participants (41%). Mean insulin‐like growth factor 1 SDS was low (−0.61 ± 1.64) and was correlated with the mean height SDS (r = 0.63 p = 0.038). Two participants were diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency, and initiation of growth hormone treatment improved their height velocity. A total of eight participants (23.5%) had mild hypercalcaemia, five girls (14.7%) had precocious puberty and five participants (14.7%) had thyroid abnormalities.ConclusionIndividuals with WBS had a distinct growth pattern consisting of growth restriction at all ages, resulting in final adult height in the low‐normal range. Precocious puberty, hypercalcaemia and thyroid abnormalities should be screened for and treated as needed.
Clinical and nerve conduction features in Guillain−Barré syndrome associated with Zika virus infection in Cúcuta, Colombia
Authors: Uncini A. , González‐Bravo D. C. , Acosta‐Ampudia Y. Y. , Ojeda E. C. , Rodríguez Y. , Monsalve D. M. , Ramírez‐Santana C. , Vega D. A. , Paipilla D. , Torres L. , Molano‐González N. , Osorio J. E. , Anaya J.‐M. 
Published: December 2017

Background and purposeZika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with an increased incidence of Guillain−Barré syndrome (GBS) but the relative frequency of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) and axonal GBS subtypes is controversial.MethodsTwenty GBS patients diagnosed according to the Brighton criteria during the ZIKV outbreak in Cúcuta, Colombia, were evaluated clinically and electrophysiologically. The electrodiagnosis of GBS subtypes was made according to a recently described criteria set that demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy on the basis of a single test. The electrophysiological features of 34 Italian AIDP patients were used as control.ResultsAll patients had symptoms compatible with ZIKV infection before the onset of GBS and ZIKV infection was laboratory confirmed through a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90) in 100% of patients. The median time from onset of ZIKV infection symptoms to GBS was 5 days (interquartile range 1–6 days). Cranial nerve palsy was present in 85% of patients (facial palsy in 75%, bulbar nerve involvement in 60%), autonomic dysfunction in 85%, and 50% of patients required invasive mechanical ventilation. AIDP was diagnosed in 70% of patients. 40% of nerves of AIDP patients showed a prevalent distal demyelinating involvement but this pattern was not different from the Italian AIDP patients without ZIKV infection.ConclusionsGuillain−Barré syndrome associated with ZIKV infection in Cúcuta is characterized by a high frequency of cranial nerve involvement, autonomic dysfunction and requirement of mechanical ventilation indicating an aggressive and severe course. AIDP is the most frequent electrophysiological subtype. Demyelination is prevalent distally but this pattern is not specific for ZIKV infection.
Human filarial proteins attenuate chronic colitis in an experimental mouse model
Authors: Togre N. , Bhoj P. , Goswami K. , Tarnekar A. , Patil M. , Shende M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryEncouraged by our earlier results of promising therapeutic effect of filarial recombinant proteins BmALT2, BmCys and WbL2 individually in the mouse model of acute ulcerative colitis, in this study, these proteins have been explored individually and in different combinations for their therapeutic potential in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced chronic colitis mice. These mice, treated with filarial proteins, showed reduced disease parameters including body weight loss, disease activity index, macroscopic and histopathological scores of colon and myeloperoxidase activity in colonic mucosa. Among various treatment schemes, rBmALT2 + rBmCys which showed most pronounced therapeutic implication was found to downregulate the mRNA expressions of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α and upregulate IL‐10 and TGF‐β expression in the splenocytes. Also, increase in level of IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes in the sera of rBmALT2 + rBmCys‐treated colitis mice was noted. Activated NF‐κB level was found to be reduced in the colon of treated colitis mice compared to untreated one. In conclusion, filarial proteins in combination have been shown to improve the clinicopathologic status of chronic colitis through suppression of pro‐inflammatory immune response most possibly in NF‐κB‐dependent manner. We propose this therapeutic strategy to be tested further to be considered as an effective option in chronic colitis.
Postmarketing studies for novel drugs approved by both the FDA and EMA between 2005 and 2010: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zeitoun Jean-David , Ross Joseph S , Atal Ignacio , Vivot Alexandre , Downing Nicholas S , Baron Gabriel , Ravaud Philippe 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo characterise postmarketing studies for drugs that were newly approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency.Design and settingCross-sectional analysis of postmarketing studies registered in ClinicalTrials.gov until September 2014 for all novel drugs approved by both regulators between 2005 and 2010. Regulatory documents from both agencies were used.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAll identified postmarketing studies were classified according to planned enrolment, funding, status and geographical location, and we determined whether studies studied the originally approved indication.ResultsOverall, 69 novel drugs approved between 2005 and 2010 were eligible for inclusion. A total of 6679 relevant postmarketing studies were identified; 5972 were interventional (89.4%). The median number of studies per drug was 55 (IQR 33–119) and median number of patients to be enrolled per study was 60 (IQR 28–183). Industry was the primary sponsor of 2713 studies (40.6%) and was a primary or secondary sponsor in 4176 studies (62.5%). In all, 2901 studies (43.4%) were completed, 487 (7.3%) terminated, 1013 (15.2%) active yet not recruiting, 1895 (28.4%) recruiting and 319 (4.8%) not yet recruiting. A total of 80% of studies were conducted in only one country and 84.4% took place in Europe and/or North America; 2441 (36.5%) studied another indication than the originally approved indication. Studies designed in the originally approved indication were found to be more industry-sponsored than others 68.7%vs53.7%; P<0.0001.ConclusionsPostmarketing pharmaceutical research was highly variable and predominantly located in North America and Europe. Postmarketing studies were frequently designed to study indications other than the originally approved one. Although some findings were reassuring, others question the lack of coordination of postmarketing research.
Can postural OSA be usefully identified from its severity alone?
Authors: Johar Aihem , Turnbull Chris D , Stradling John R 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionWhen obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) does not occur throughout sleep, there must be factors influencing its presence or absence. These are most likely to be sleep stage, posture and presleep alcohol, among others. We hypothesised that as OSA severity increases, the likelihood of postural OSA (POSA) would also decrease.MethodsLaboratory sleep studies of 39 patients with OSA were manually reviewed to calculate supine and non-supine oxygen desaturation indices (ODI). The usual definition for POSA was used, a ratio of supine to non-supine ODI of ≥2.ResultsThe mean age was 53.2 (SD 12.4) years, the body mass index was 35.0 (SD 8.9) kg/m2and 74% were male. The median supine ODI was 54.3 (IQR 25.7–73.5) and non-supine ODI was 18.7 (IQR 8.6–38.4). The overall prevalence of POSA was 56%. The prevalence of POSA for ODIs of <40 was 68%, and 35% if ≥40.ConclusionsAn ODI ≥40, compared with <40, halved the likelihood of POSA from 68% to 35%. Although there is clearly a relationship between overall ODI and POSA, it is not strong enough to diagnose an individual with POSA. However the relationship provides a useful way to prescreen trial subjects to enrich for POSA.