bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Knee Donor and Elbow Recipient Sites for Osteochondral Autologous Transplantation Surgery in Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans
Authors: Vezeridis Alexander M. , Bae Donald S. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Osteochondral autologous transplantation surgery (OATS) has been advocated for treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the capitellum in adolescents. However, little information is available regarding the optimal knee harvest site to match the contour and cartilage thickness of the recipient elbow lesion. Purpose: To characterize the capitellar anatomic structure in adolescents with and without OCD and to compare these measurements to normal adolescent knees to identify the optimal site for osteochondral graft harvest. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty-one patients with OCD were analyzed. Twenty-two patients with normal elbows and 25 age-, weight-, and height-matched patients with normal knees were also identified. Cartilage radii of curvatures (ROCs) in the sagittal and coronal-axial planes were measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of normal capitella and 5 sites (posterior lateral femoral condyle, medial and lateral middle trochlear ridges, and medial and lateral inferior trochlear ridges) in normal knees. Differences in ROC between the knee donor and capitellar recipient sites were calculated based on a 10-mm osteochondral plug diameter. Results: Overall, the mean apex differences between graft and recipient sites ranged from 0.4 to 0.9 mm, and mean edge differences ranged from 0.5 to 1.4 mm in the coronal-axial dimension. Of all knee sites tested, the posterior lateral femoral condyle had average ROCs (19.1 mm sagittal; 14.1 mm axial) most like the capitellum (10.6 mm sagittal, 12.6 mm coronal-axial), resulting in minimal apex and edge differences (apex difference = −0.6 mm; coronal-axial side difference = −0.5 mm; no sagittal side difference). Of the anterior nonweightbearing sites, the inferior medial trochlear ridge (28.3 mm sagittal ROC; 13.2 mm coronal-axial ROC) demonstrated the lowest apex and side differences when compared with the capitellum (apex difference = −0.8 mm; coronal-axial side difference = −0.8 mm; no sagittal side difference). The frequently used middle lateral trochlear ridge (28.8 mm sagittal; 8.7 mm coronal-axial ROCs) had the largest side difference (apex distance = −0.8 mm; coronal-axial side difference = −1.4 mm; no sagittal side difference). Conclusion/Clinical Relevance: In cases where a large single-plug OATS is considered, a 10-mm plug from the anterior nonweightbearing aspect of the distal femur is calculated to result in ≤1 mm of articular incongruity at the recipient capitellum. The inferior medial trochlear ridge should be considered as a donor site for OATS procedures for OCD given its accessibility and favorable geometry.
The use of cricoid pressure during rapid sequence induction in trauma patients – UK and European practice compared
Authors: Gwinnutt Matthew , Gwinnutt Jennifer , Robinson David 
Published: December 2015

Introduction There is ongoing debate and conflicting evidence surrounding the place of cricoid pressure (CP) as part of a rapid sequence induction (RSI) of anaesthesia. This study investigated the current use of CP during trauma RSI and compared reported practice in the UK with the rest of Europe. Methods An anonymised, web-based survey was sent to all clinicians registered as European Trauma Course instructors. Results CP use was reported by 83.1% of UK respondents and 39.4% from the rest of Europe, with an overall reported use of 49.8%. Anaesthetists use CP less commonly (35.6%) than clinicians from other specialties (63.6%). The most common reason given for not using CP (76.7%) was a perceived lack of evidence of effectiveness. Conclusion Generally the use of CP appears to be in decline with only half of all clinicians reporting to use it; however it remains much more commonly used in the UK than the rest of Europe.
Vasopressin After the Fontan Operation
Authors: Kumar T. K. Susheel , Kashyap Pooja , Figueroa Mayte , Zurakowski David , Allen Jerry , Ballweg Jean A. , Sathanandam Shyam , Ali Mohammed , Knott-Craig Christopher J. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Prolonged pleural effusion following Fontan operation is common and increases morbidity and hospital length of stay. Vasopressin (VP), a neurohypophysial hormone, has numerous effects on the cardiovascular system. The most notable is increased peripheral vascular resistance, but it may also reduce capillary leakage by tightening endothelial intercellular junctions and reducing capillary hydrostatic pressure We reviewed our experience with the perioperative administration of VP following Fontan operation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 62 consecutive patients who underwent Fontan operation from January 2004 to June 2014. In January 2010, VP was introduced as part of the standard perioperative management of patients undergoing Fontan operation at our center. For this retrospective observational study, patients were grouped according to the use (VP; N = 40) or nonuse (non-VP; N = 22) of VP (0.3-0.5 mU/kg/min) in the perioperative period. The primary end point analyzed was chest tube output. Secondary end points analyzed included fluid balance and length of hospital stay, with groups compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: There was no hospital mortality. Median total chest tube output was 22 mL/kg in the VP group and 68 mL/kg in the non-VP group ( P < .001). The median total duration of chest tube indwelling time was five days in the VP group and was 11 days in the non-VP group ( P < .001). Median fluid balance on first postoperative day was 13 and 38 mL/kg, respectively ( P < .001). Median hospital stay for VP and non-VP groups was 9 and 16 days, respectively ( P = .002). Conclusions: The more recent group of patients undergoing Fontan operations, all of whom received VP perioperatively, had less chest tube output and shorter duration of chest tube drainage after the Fontan operation relative to the earlier patient group whose perioperative management did not include VP. They also experienced less positive fluid balance in the early postoperative period and shorter hospital length of stay than the patients from the earlier era.
Temperature and tortuosity effect on gas migration in a high-level waste disposal tunnel
Authors: Justinavicius D. , Poskas P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCorrosion of steel canisters, disposed of in a repository for high-level waste (HLW), leads to generation of hydrogen gas for a long period after the repository's closure. The accumulation of hydrogen gas may lead to significant desaturation and unacceptable build-up of pressure in the backfilled disposal tunnels if the gas cannot escape through the low-permeability host rock. Consequently, the investigation of gas migration is of high relevance in the assessment of the repository's performance.In this paper, the results of numerical investigations on gas migration performed using the computer code TOUGH2 (USA) are presented. The objective was to investigate migration of gas generated in a single disposal tunnel of a conceptual geological repository in a clay formation, which was suggested for benchmark studies in the European Commission project FORGE (Fate Of Repository GasEs). The analysis was focused on evaluation of the impact of an initial temperature in the repository and of different tortuosity models on gas migration. It was revealed that gas migration results were dependent on tortuosity model, while temperature variation in the repository had minor impact.
Herbert's Quarry, South Wales – an analogue for host-rock alteration at a cementitious radioactive waste repository?
Authors: Moyce Elizabeth B. A. , Milodowski Antoni E. , Morris Katherine , Shaw Samuel 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCement in radioactive waste repositories will produce leachates of pH > 10 which may alter the host rock, affecting its ability to act as a barrier to radionuclide migration. To complement the many laboratory and modelling studies of rock alteration in cement leachates, analogue sites have been investigated to understand reactions at time scales relevant to geodisposal. However, analogue site histories may be poorly constrained and these systems may be influenced by site specific factors. Therefore increasing the number of sites studied is important to minimize uncertainty in the applicability of results. Herbert's Quarry has been characterized and assessed as a potential anthropogenic analogue. Streamwater sampling at the site identified Ca-rich fluids, ≤ pH 12, analogous to cement leachates. However, rock and sediment samples exhibited extensive CaCO3 precipitation in these fluids and no reaction of silicate rock. The streamwaters were also found to be oxidizing, unlike the reducing conditions expected at a repository, and temperatures were 15–25°C below those predicted for repositories. Therefore, Herbert's Quarry is believed to have limited applicability as an analogue in this context.
Microbial degradation of isosaccharinic acid under conditions representative for the far field of radioactive waste disposal facilities
Authors: Kuippers Gina , Bassil Naji Milad , Boothman Christopher , Bryan Nicholas , Lloyd Jonathan R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIt is UK Government policy to dispose of higher activity radioactive waste through geological disposal into an engineered deep underground geological disposal facility (GDF; DECC, 2014). Those wastes include low-level (LLW) and intermediate-level (ILW) radioactive wastes that are very heterogeneous, containing a range of inorganic and organic materials, the latter including cellulosic items. After closure of the GDF, eventual resaturation with groundwater is expected, resulting in the development of a hyperalkaline environment due to the proposed use of a cementitious backfill. Under these high-pH conditions, cellulose is unstable and will be degraded chemically, forming a range of water-soluble, low molecular weight compounds, of which the most abundant is isosaccharinic acid (ISA). As ISA is known to form stable soluble complexes with a range of radionuclides, thereby increasing the chance of radionuclide transport, the impact of microbial metabolism on this organic substrate was investigated to help determine the role of microorganisms in moderating the transport of radionuclides from a cementitious GDF. Anaerobic biodegradation of ISA has been studied recently in high-pH cementitious ILW systems, but less work has been done under anaerobic conditions at circumneutral conditions, more representative of the geosphere surrounding a GDF. Here we report the fate of ISA in circumneutral microcosms poised under aerobic and anaerobic conditions; the latter with nitrate, Fe(III) or sulfate added as electron acceptors. Data are presented confirming the metabolism of ISA under these conditions, including the direct oxidation of ISA under aerobic and nitrate-reducing conditions and the fermentation of ISA to acetate, propionate and butyrate prior to utilization of these acids during Fe(III) and sulfate reduction. The microbial communities associated with these processes were characterized using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Methane production was also quantified in these experiments, and the added electron acceptors were shown to play a significant role in minimizing methanogenesis from ISA and its breakdown products.
ENTRAP and its potential interaction with European networks
Authors: -Jaensch H. Tietze , Van Iseghem P. , Boucher L. , Dodaro A. , Fuks L. , Guisset J. P. , Koivuranta S. , Lierse C. , Neckel W. , Piña G. , Steyer S. , Van Velzen L. , del Cerro E. Vico 
Published: December 2015

AbstractENTRAP comprises a pan-European cooperation of leading scientific institutions and regulatory bodies in the field of nuclear-waste characterization and its quality assurance for the safe disposal of radioactive waste. Here, the scope of this cooperation is presented and explained and links or interfaces for a potential collaboration with partners fulfilling tasks of IDG-TP are pursued.
Integrating societal concerns into research and development (R&D) on geological disposal at the national level
Authors: Martell Meritxell , Van Berendoncks Kris 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe European InSOTEC project aims to identify remaining socio-technical challenges for the implementation of geological disposal of radioactive waste in European countries. Geological disposal has been recognized as the reference solution in radioactive waste management by the European Commission, which has set up the IGD-TP as a platform to foster exchanges between authorities on research and development (R&D) on this topic. This paper turns to the national level to analyse national R&D programmes on radioactive waste management (RWM) and particularly, geological disposal (GD) in order to assess to what extent there are national platforms that broaden interaction beyond an expert community. For this, we focus on identifying those practices and structures that reflect a degree of inter- and transdisciplinarity in the design and implementation of national R&D programmes. Our argument, embedded in the Science and Technology Studies (STS) literature, is that the way GD is framed by the research and policy community has important implications for the processes of developing and governing a technology. From our empirical case studies, we will explore the extent to which social-science research is integrated and the way stakeholders may have an impact on the development of R&D programmes. Overall, including social science research as an integral part in R&D programmes on GD and fostering collaboration between different types of knowledge in the R&D agenda-setting phase may help in the consideration of GD as a socio-technical problem, where the social and the technical are inextricably linked.
Investigation of the attitudes, needs, and expectations of the Saligny community
Authors: Constantin A. , Constantin M. , Diaconu D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMany countries encourage national forums for transparency, dialogue and participation with regards to radioactive waste disposal. However, the local actors (authorities, non-government organisations and the public) often note a lack of public participation in the decision making process. Civil society is often frustrated with its limited involvement in the consultative process. Participation is regulated by national laws and rules and the right to participate in environmental decision-making is covered by the Aarhus Convention. Continuous dialogue amongst stakeholders is seen as important in building sustainable solutions in radioactive waste management. In addition, understanding public concerns and needs can increase the trust between the partners and build confidence in the process.Different national and local contexts have contributed to the development of quite a broad set of approaches and tools for stakeholder engagement. This paper describes the use of such tools in the engagement with the Saligny community in the siting process of a repository for low- and intermediate-level wastes in Romania. Some specific issues are highlighted such as: the low level of interest amongst the public in relation to long-term projects; over-estimation of benefits in comparison to the negative aspects of hosting a repository; lack of a coherent public voice; and a perceived lack of information on the project from the authorities and the implementer. The present study describes the setting up of the participatory approach to engage with the public and the different methods employed (including citizen juries, workshops, open days, etc.). A number of criteria were developed for evaluating the effectiveness of these methods particularly with regards to their adaptability to a local context such as Saligny. The paper then focuses on the results of one of these methods – the use of focus groups covering a cross-section of civil society – including members of the general public, a group of professionals and a group of local councillors. The study has resulted in a number of recommendations to the implementer on how to build a new programme for public participation.
Geological repositories: scientific priorities and potential high-technology transfer from the space and physics sectors
Authors: Direito Susana O. L. , Clark Samantha , Cousins Claire , Fujita Yoshiko , Gluyas Jon , Harley Simon , Holmes Richard J. , Hutchinson Ian B. , Kudryavtsev Vitaly A. , Lloyd Jon , Main Ian G. , Naylor Mark , Payler Sam , Smith Nick , Spooner Neil J.C. , Telfer Sam , Thompson Lee F. , Wouters Katinka , Wragg Joanna , Cockell Charles 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe use of underground geological repositories, such as in radioactive waste disposal (RWD) and in carbon capture (widely known as Carbon Capture and Storage; CCS), constitutes a key environmental priority for the 21stcentury. Based on the identification of key scientific questions relating to the geophysics, geochemistry and geobiology of geodisposal of wastes, this paper describes the possibility of technology transfer from high-technology areas of the space exploration sector, including astrobiology, planetary sciences, astronomy, and also particle and nuclear physics, into geodisposal. Synergies exist between high technology used in the space sector and in the characterization of underground environments such as repositories, because of common objectives with respect to instrument miniaturization, low power requirements, durability under extreme conditions (in temperature and mechanical loads) and operation in remote or otherwise difficult to access environments.
LIN28B overexpression defines a novel fetal-like subgroup of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Helsmoortel Hetty H. , Bresolin Silvia , Lammens Tim , Cavé Hélène , Noellke Peter , Caye Aurélie , Ghazavi Farzaneh , de Vries Andrica , Hasle Henrik , Labarque Veerle , Masetti Riccardo , Stary Jan , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. , Philippé Jan , Van Roy Nadine , Benoit Yves , Speleman Frank , Niemeyer Charlotte , Flotho Christian , Basso Giuseppe , te Kronnie Geertruy , Van Vlierberghe Pieter , De Moerloose Barbara 
Published: December 2015

Key Points
LIN28B is overexpressed in about half of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia patients and defines a novel fetal-like disease subgroup. LIN28B expression is correlated with high fetal hemoglobin levels and the absence of monosomy 7.
Acute kidney injury treated with renal replacement therapy and 5-year mortality after myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Lauridsen Marie Dam , Gammelager Henrik , Schmidt Morten , Rasmussen Thomas Bøjer , Shaw Richard E. , Bøtker Hans Erik , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Christiansen Christian Fynbo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background
Myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock is frequently complicated by acute kidney injury. We examined the influence of acute kidney injury treated with renal replacement therapy (AKI-RRT) on risk of chronic dialysis and mortality, and assessed the role of comorbidity in patients with cardiogenic shock.

Methods
In this Danish cohort study conducted during 2005–2012, we used population-based medical registries to identify patients diagnosed with first-time myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock and assessed their AKI-RRT status. We computed the in-hospital mortality risk and adjusted relative risk. For hospital survivors, we computed 5-year cumulative risk of chronic dialysis accounting for competing risk of death. Mortality after discharge was computed with use of Kaplan-Meier methods. We computed 5-year hazard ratios for chronic dialysis and death after discharge, comparing AKI-RRT with non-AKI-RRT patients using a propensity score-adjusted Cox regression model.

Results
We identified 5079 patients with cardiogenic shock, among whom 13 % had AKI-RRT. The in-hospital mortality was 62 % for AKI-RRT patients, and 36 % for non-AKI-RRT patients. AKI-RRT remained associated with increased in-hospital mortality after adjustment for confounders (relative risk = 1.70, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.59–1.81). Among the 3059 hospital survivors, the 5-year risk of chronic dialysis was 11 % (95 % CI: 8–16 %) for AKI-RRT patients, and 1 % (95 % CI: 0.5–1 %) for non-AKI-RRT patients (adjusted hazard ratio: 15.9 (95 % CI: 8.7–29.3). The 5-year mortality was 43 % (95 % CI: 37–53 %) for AKI-RRT patients compared with 29 % (95 % CI: 29–31 %) for non-AKI-RRT patients. The adjusted 5-year hazard ratio for death was 1.55 (95 % CI: 1.22–1.96) for AKI-RRT patients compared with non-AKI-RRT patients. In patients with comorbidity, absolute mortality increased while relative impact of AKI-RRT on mortality decreased.

Conclusion
AKI-RRT following myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock predicted elevated short-term mortality and long-term risk of chronic dialysis and mortality. The impact of AKI-RRT declined with increasing comorbidity suggesting that intensive treatment of AKI-RRT should be accompanied with optimized treatment of comorbidity when possible.
Microstate connectivity alterations in patients with early Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hatz Florian , Hardmeier Martin , Benz Nina , Ehrensperger Michael , Gschwandtner Ute , Rüegg Stephan , Schindler Christian , Monsch Andreas U. , Fuhr Peter 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Electroencephalography (EEG) microstates and brain network are altered in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and discussed as potential biomarkers for AD. Microstates correspond to defined states of brain activity, and their connectivity patterns may change accordingly. Little is known about alteration of connectivity in microstates, especially in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment with stable or improving cognition within 30 months (aMCI).

Methods
Thirty-five outpatients with aMCI or mild dementia (mean age 77 ± 7 years, 47 % male, Mini Mental State Examination score ≥24) had comprehensive neuropsychological and clinical examinations. Subjects with cognitive decline over 30 months were allocated to the AD group, subjects with stable or improving cognition to the MCI-stable group. Results of neuropsychological testing at baseline were summarized in six domain scores. Resting state EEG was recorded with 256 electrodes and analyzed using TAPEEG. Five microstates were defined and individual data fitted. After phase transformation, the phase lag index (PLI) was calculated for the five microstates in every subject. Networks were reduced to 22 nodes for statistical analysis.

Results
The domain score for verbal learning and memory and the microstate segmented PLI between the left centro-lateral and parieto-occipital regions in the theta band at baseline differentiated significantly between the groups. In the present sample, they separated in a logistic regression model with a 100 % positive predictive value, 60 % negative predictive value, 100 % specificity and 77 % sensitivity between AD and MCI-stable.

Conclusions
Combining neuropsychological and quantitative EEG test results allows differentiation between subjects with aMCI remaining stable and subjects with aMCI deteriorating over 30 months.