bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herdförmige symmetrische Hirngewebsnekrosen bei Hunden mit epileptiformen Krämpfen
Authors: Fischer Karin 
Published: July 2017

The histologic changes in the CNS of 10 dogs with epileptiform cramps and psychic alterations are described. Most of the animals had gastroenteritis of apparently diverse aetiology prior to the onset of the nervous signs. The lesions are characterized by bilaterally symmetrical focal necroses in the grey matter. Oedema and proliferation of blood vessels were present to varying extents in individual cases. What is conspicuous is not only the symmetrical localization of the lesions but also the invatiable damage of the rhinencephalon in the broad sense. There was no significant increase of oligo- or astroglia. In almost all cases Ammon's horn and the piriform lobe were simultaneously affected. In addition the olfactory bulbs, septum pellucidum, dorsomedian cortex, and now and then also the lateral cortical layers and basal ganglia might show accompanying lesions. The remaining brain stem and the cerebellum remained almost entirely spared. The aetiology of the lesions described is undetermined. Exogenous intoxication does not appear likely although it cannot be excluded with certainty. The clinical and histologic findings rather suggest the action of diverse pathogenetic factors. These lead to morphologically similar alterations, which may be a consequence of a deficient provision of the brain tissue with oxygen or with nutrient substances.
Reticuloendotheliosis, a Myeloproliferative Disorder of Cats: A Comparison with Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Gilmore C. E. , Gilmore V. H. , Jones T. C. 
Published: July 2017

Leukoproliferative diseases are common in cats and involve a variety of cell types. One such disorder, an anatomical entity of unknown etiology, is characterized by severe progressive anemia and proliferation of undifferentiated (reticulum) cells in bone marrow, spleen, liver and lymph nodes. Malignant behavior of the abnormal cells is not obvious, and the descriptive term, reticuloendotheliosis, is suggested for the disorder until the etiology is known. Clinical, hematologic and post mortem findings in 10 cats with reticuloendotheliosis are compared in this report with those in 10 cats with lymphocytic leukemia. Clinical findings are not distinctive and are similar in both conditions, but the diseases can be distinguished by hematologic and post mortem studies. Cats with reticuloendotheliosis are characterized by persistence of totally undifferentiated cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. Between 15.7 and 76.8% of these cells were found in the bone marrow and up to 55% in the peripheral blood. No intermediate stages, suggesting development toward a more specific cell type, were found. Gross findings at necropsy in cats with reticuloendotheliosis were anemia and enlargement of the spleen, liver and lymph nodes. Reticulum cells were diffusely distributed in vascular or lymphatic spaces in each of these organs. The cells were individually discrete and did not form solid masses. Cats with lymphocytic leukemia had high proportions of lymphocytic cells in the blood and bone marrow. The neoplastic cells obliterated the normal architecture of lymph nodes and frequently formed solid masses in other tissues. Hematologic and post mortem findings in some previously reported cases of leukemia in cats which were characterized by proliferation of poorly differentiated cells have some similarities to those in cases of reticuloendotheliosis.
The Ocular Disease of Young Terrapins Caused by Vitamin A Deficiency
Authors: Elkan E. , Zwart P. 
Published: July 2017

The histopathology of a disease is described which commonly affects young terrapins of the genera Clemmys, Pseudemys, and Graptemys kept in captivity. The first signs noticed are swelling of the eyelids and refusal to feed. Investigation of 32 terrapins revealed extensive epithelial metaplasia in the ophthalmic glands and in the excretory ducts of the liver, pancreas, and kidneys. The localization and the type of metaplasia seen are similar to those which occur in man, cattle, horses, sheep, and fowl suffering from avitaminosis A. Occasional successes of treatment with vitamin A support the assumption that the mortality is mainly due to avitaminosis A and should be treated or prevented accordingly.
Familial Amaurotic Idiocy in Male German Shorthair Pointers
Authors: Karbe E. , Schiefer B. 
Published: July 2017

Amaurotic idiocy was recognized in a family of German shorthair pointers. The disease affected only males and their familial relation indicated that this apparently sex-linked condition was probably inherited as a recessive character. The animals developed mental regression, ataxia, and impaired vision. The progressive disease started slowly at about six months and made euthanasia necessary at the age of 10 to 18 months. One of the dogs was investigated pathologically. The characteristic lesion consisted of degeneration and enlargement of neurons throughout the central nervous system, including the retina. The cytoplasm of the neurons was engorged by a glyco-lipoid-protein complex containing neuraminic acid indicating the presence of gangliosides. The disease closely resembled late infantile familial amaurotic idiocy (Bielschowsky) in man.
Round Heart Disease of the Domestic Fowl (Gallus gallus) in Bulgaria
Authors: Shishkov N. , Obreshkov C. , Enchev St. 
Published: July 2017

Clinical and pathologic methods and attempts at transmission were employed to study so-called round heart disease of the domestic fowl. These studies indicate that the disease is noninfectious. The use of old litter in poultry houses contributed to the appearance of the disease but was not the sole etiologic factor. Zinc-plated feeders were not involved. The disease could not be reproduced by inoculation or feeding of affected material. Treatment of affected fowl with selenium dioxide was ineffective. Fatty and vacuolar degeneration of the myocardium and severe renal necrosis occurred. The disease is attributed to toxic injury. Its mechanism and the factors that condition it remain unknown. Klinische und pathologische Untersuchungsmethoden sowie Übertragungsversuche wurden zur Untersuchung der sogenannten «Kugelherz» Krankheit vom Haushuhn verwendet.
A Neuropathy in Goats Caused by Experimental Coyotillo (Karwinskia humboldtiana) Poisoning
Authors: Charlton K. M. , Pierce K. R. 
Published: July 2017

Seven goats were poisoned with daily oral doses of coyotillo fruits and killed at various times after day 12. The distribution of lesions was studied in a sensory nerve, in short and long motor nerves, and at proximal and distal sites of a long motor nerve. Fibers with Schwann-cell lesions (swollen Schwann cells or segmental demyelination) were widespread and outnumbered fibers with Wallerian degeneration in most sites. The percentage of fibers that were undergoing Wallerian degeneration was much greater in long motor nerves than in short ones and was much greater at a distal site of a long motor nerve than at a proximal site. The results were compatible with axonal injury being secondary to Schwann-cell injury and cumulative throughout the lengths of affected fibers, resulting in distal axonal degeneration.
A Neuropathy in Goats Caused by Experimental Coyotillo (Karwinskia humboldtiana) Poisoning
Authors: Charlton K. M. , Pierce K. R. 
Published: July 2017

Lesions in peripheral nerves from 12 goats poisoned experimentally with coyotillo were studied by light and electron microscopy. The goats were poisoned with daily oral doses of the ground coyotillo fruits and killed at various times after the first day of dosing. Lesions at a mid-femoral site of the sciatic nerve included swelling of Schwann cells, degeneration of mitochondria, depletion of glycogen, splitting of myelin, segmental demyelination, and Wallerian degeneration. The results were suggestive of primary mitochondrial injury in Schwann cells with resultant impaired active transport, intracellular edema, splitting of myelin, and segmental demyelination.
A Neuropathy in Goats Caused by Experimental Coyotillo (Karwinskia humboldtiana) Poisoning
Authors: Charlton K. M. , Pierce K. R. , Storts R. W. , Bridges C. H. 
Published: July 2017

Twenty-two goats were poisoned with daily oral doses of ground coyotillo fruits and were killed at various times after the first day of dosing. The morphologic features and distribution of lesions in the central nervous system were studied by light microscopy. An axonal dystrophy occurred in several of the goats given high daily doses. Swellings occurred along axons of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and in the white matter of the spinal cord. There was a fairly close correlation between the occurrence of clinical signs suggestive of the neocerebellar syndrome and the occurrence and distribution of lesions in the cerebellum.
Evidence of Enhanced Platelet Aggregation and Platelet Sensitivity in Migraine Patients
Authors: Lechner H , Ott E , Fazekas F , Pilger E 
Published: July 2017

In fourteen untreated migraine patients with a mean age of 40 years platelet sensitivity to 5HT, EN and ADP was investigated during the prodromal phase (three patients), 12-48 h after headache (three patients) and during the headache-free period (eight patients). Platelet sensitivity was tested using an optical density method and was calculated by the percentage of disaggregation (%DA) occurring 3 min after the peak aggregation. Platelet release reaction was assessed using β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) as an indicator. Platelet sensitivity to low concentrations of 5HT, EN and ADP (0.3 × 10-9 M/ml) was most marked during the headache and prodromal phases. The least platelet sensitivity in migraineurs was detected during the headache-free interval, but was still higher than in the control group. β-TG levels were increased during the headache phase indicating platelet release reaction. A general hyperaggregability of platelets in migraineurs has been demonstrated and in addition a varying sensibility of platelets to low concentrations of 5HT, EN and ADP has been established.
Opening Minds in Canada: Background and Rationale
Authors: Stuart Heather , Chen Shu-Ping , Christie Romie , Dobson Keith , Kirsh Bonnie , Knaak Stephanie , Koller Michelle , Krupa Terry , Lauria-Horner Bianca , Luong Dorothy , Modgill Geeta , Patten Scott B , Pietrus Mike , Szeto Andrew , Whitley Rob 
Published: July 2017

Objective To summarize the background and rationale of the approach taken by the Mental Health Commission of Canada's Opening Minds (OM) Anti-Stigma Initiative. Method The approach taken by OM incorporates a grassroots, community development philosophy, has clearly defined target groups, uses contact-based education as the central organizing element across interventions, and has a strong evaluative component, so that best practices can be identified, replicated, and disseminated. Contact-based education occurs when people who have experienced a mental illness share their personal story of recovery and hope. Results OM has acted as a catalyst to develop partnerships between community groups who are undertaking anti-stigma work and an interdisciplinary team of academic researchers in 5 universities who are evaluating the results of these programs. Conclusions Building partnerships with existing community programs and promoting systematic evaluation using standardized approaches and instruments have contributed to our understanding of best practices in the field of anti-stigma programming.
Opening Minds in Canada: Targeting Change
Authors: Stuart Heather , Chen Shu-Ping , Christie Romie , Dobson Keith , Kirsh Bonnie , Knaak Stephanie , Koller Michelle , Krupa Terry , Lauria-Horner Bianca , Luong Dorothy , Modgill Geeta , Patten Scott B , Pietrus Mike , Szeto Andrew , Whitley Rob 
Published: July 2017

Objective To summarize the ongoing activities of the Opening Minds (OM) Anti-Stigma Initiative of the Mental Health Commission of Canada regarding the 4 groups targeted (youth, health care providers, media, and workplaces), highlight some of the key methodological challenges, and review lessons learned. Method The approach used by OM is rooted in community development philosophy, with clearly defined target groups, contact-based education as the central organizing element across interventions, and a strong evaluative component so that best practices can be identified, replicated, and disseminated. Contact-based education occurs when people who have experienced a mental illness share their personal story of recovery and hope. Results Results have been generally positive. Contact-based education has the capacity to reduce prejudicial attitudes and improve social acceptance of people with a mental illness across various target groups and sectors. Variations in program outcomes have contributed to our understanding of active ingredients. Conclusions Contact-based education has become a cornerstone of the OM approach to stigma reduction. A story of hope and recovery told by someone who has experienced a mental illness is powerful and engaging, and a critical ingredient in the fight against stigma. Building partnerships with existing community programs and promoting systematic evaluation using standardized approaches and instruments have contributed to our understanding of best practices in the field of anti-stigma programming. The next challenge will be to scale these up so that they may have a national impact.
Key Ingredients of Anti-Stigma Programs for Health Care Providers: A Data Synthesis of Evaluative Studies
Authors: Knaak Stephanie , Modgill Geeta , Patten Scott B 
Published: July 2017

Objective As part of its ongoing effort to combat stigma against mental illness among health care providers, the Mental Health Commission of Canada partnered with organizations conducting anti-stigma interventions. Our objective was to evaluate program effectiveness and to better understand what makes some programs more effective than others. Our paper reports the elements of these programs found to be most strongly associated with favourable outcomes. Methods Our study employed a multi-phased, mixed-methods design. First, a grounded theory qualitative study was undertaken to identify key program elements. Next, each program ( n = 22) was coded according to the presence or absence of the identified key program ingredients. Then, random-effects, meta-regression modelling was used to examine the association between program outcomes and the key ingredients. Results The qualitative analysis led to a 6-ingredient model of key program elements. Results of the quantitative analysis showed that programs that included all 6 of these ingredients performed significantly better than those that did not. Individual analyses of each of the 6 ingredients showed that including multiple forms of social contact and emphasizing recovery were characteristics of the most effective programs. Conclusions The results provide a validation of a 6-ingredient model of key program elements for anti-stigma programming for health care providers. Emphasizing recovery and including multiple types of social contact are of particular importance for maximizing the effectiveness of anti-stigma programs for health care providers.
Stigma in Canada: Results from a Rapid Response Survey
Authors: Stuart Heather , Patten Scott B , Koller Michelle , Modgill Geeta , Liinamaa Tiina 
Published: July 2017

Objective Our paper presents findings from the first population survey of stigma in Canada using a new measure of stigma. Empirical objectives are to provide a descriptive profile of Canadian's expectations that people will devalue and discriminate against someone with depression, and to explore the relation between experiences of being stigmatized in the year prior to the survey among people having been treated for a mental illness with a selected number of sociodemographic and mental health—related variables. Method Data were collected by Statistics Canada using a rapid response format on a representative sample of Canadians ( n = 10 389) during May and June of 2010. Public expectations of stigma and personal experiences of stigma in the subgroup receiving treatment for a mental illness were measured. Results Over one-half of the sample endorsed 1 or more of the devaluation discrimination items, indicating that they believed Canadians would stigmatize someone with depression. The item most frequently endorsed concerned employers not considering an application from someone who has had depression. Over one-third of people who had received treatment in the year prior to the survey reported discrimination in 1 or more life domains. Experiences of discrimination were strongly associated with perceptions that Canadians would devalue someone with depression, younger age (12 to 15 years), and self-reported poor general mental health. Conclusions The Mental Health Experiences Module reflects an important partnership between 2 national organizations that will help Canada fulfill its monitoring obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and provide a legacy to researchers and policy-makers who are interested in monitoring changes in stigma over time.
When Could a Stigma Program to Address Mental Illness in the Workplace Break Even?
Authors: Dewa Carolyn S , Hoch Jeffrey S 
Published: July 2017

Objective To explore basic requirements for a stigma program to produce sufficient savings to pay for itself (that is, break even). Methods A simple economic model was developed to compare reductions in total short-term disability (SDIS) cost relative to a stigma program's costs. A 2-way sensitivity analysis is used to illustrate conditions under which this break-even scenario occurs. Results Using estimates from the literature for the SDIS costs, this analysis shows that a stigma program can provide value added even if there is no reduction in the length of an SDIS leave. To break even, a stigma program with no reduction in the length of an SDIS leave would need to prevent at least 2.5 SDIS claims in an organization of 1000 workers. Similarly, a stigma program can break even with no reduction in the number of SDIS claims if it is able to reduce SDIS episodes by at least 7 days in an organization of 1000 employees. Conclusions Modelling results, such as those presented in our paper, provide information to help occupational health payers become prudent buyers in the mental health market place. While in most cases, the required reductions seem modest, the real test of both the model and the program occurs once a stigma program is piloted and evaluated in a real-world setting.
Breast Augmentation by Tumescent Anesthesia
Authors: Kaplan Barry J. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Many surgical procedures are being performed using local anesthesia. Several articles about breast surgery describe tumescence; however, IV or general anesthesia is also used. This study examines submuscular implantation with only mild oral sedation and tumescence. Materials and Methods: Patient preparation and education was important. One hour before surgery, patients took antibiotics and pain medication. One half hour before surgery, they were given 0.11 mg of clonidine and 2 mg lorazepam. Using local anesthesia, an inframammary crease stab allowed the introduction of the infiltration sprayer under the pectoralis major muscle: 350–500 mL of 0.2% lidocaine and 1:500 000 epinephrine and bicarbonate were infiltrated and allowed to setup for 20–30 minutes. The standard implantation procedure was then performed. Results: All patients tolerated the procedure easily and were able to walk out of the office 15 minutes later. Discussion: Breast augmentation by tumescent anesthesia is a safer, more affordable alternative to general anesthesia.
Combining Cosmetic Soft Tissue and Skeletal Surgeries to Achieve Greater Total Facial Harmony Than Either Surgery Could Alone
Authors: Belinfante Louis S. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Oral and maxillofacial surgeons have the capability, both technically and biologically, to greatly alter the faces of patients who exhibit facial deformities along with soft tissue defects. Not only can this specialty greatly improve disharmony in a patient's underlying facial bony skeleton, but it is in a preeminent position to treat cosmetic soft tissue defects, and therefore surgically alter both functional and cosmetic deficiencies for an aesthetic conclusion. Materials and Methods: Five patients with both cosmetic and functional problems are presented. Their problems are analyzed and treated. Specific comments are made regarding a number of cosmetic evaluations and techniques. Results: The surgical approach to treat a patient's facial soft tissue and bony defects, either concomitantly or via staged approaches, indicates a much greater range of surgical capabilities that attempts to correct a patient's total facial disharmony. Discussion: The contemporary oral and maxillofacial surgeon now has the educational capabilities and resources to treatment plan the entire face, from the underlying bone to the overlying soft tissues, and surgically execute those plans. The results can alter the facial region both cosmetically and functionally to a degree that heretofore was only a conceptual possibility.
Analysis of 2 Prospective Open-Label Studies of Botulinum Toxin Type B for the Treatment of Glabellar Wrinkles
Authors: Sadick Neil S. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: This is an analysis of the combined results from 2 prospective, open-label studies that evaluated the use of botulinum toxin type B at doses of 1800, 2400, and 3000 U in the treatment of glabellar frown lines. In total, 64 patients were included in the studies. Material and Methods: Doses were divided equally over 6 sites for glabellar lines. Results: All patients had rapid improvement of inter glabellar rhytides, with full response seen for the majority of patients within 2 days. The duration of effect was 8.0, 9.6, and 10.4 weeks with 1800, 2400, and 3000 U, respectively. Five patients (7.8%) complained of mild pain on injection, and 2 patients (3.1%), one each at the higher doses, had lid ptosis. Discussion: Taken together, the studies show that botulinum toxin type B injection is safe and effective for the treatment of glabellar wrinkles, has a very rapid onset of action, and has a dose-related duration of response.