bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An approximate analytical solution of the Bethe equation for charged particles in the radiotherapeutic energy range
Authors: Grimes David Robert , Warren Daniel R. , Partridge Mike 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCharged particles such as protons and carbon ions are an increasingly important tool in radiotherapy. There are however unresolved physics issues impeding optimal implementation, including estimation of dose deposition in non-homogeneous tissue, an essential aspect of treatment optimization. Monte Carlo (MC) methods can be employed to estimate radiation profile, and whilst powerful, these are computationally expensive, limiting practicality. In this work, we start from fundamental physics in the form of the Bethe equation to yield a novel approximate analytical solution for particle range, energy and linear energy transfer (LET). The solution is given in terms of the exponential integral function with relativistic co-ordinate transform, allowing application at radiotherapeutic energy levels (50–350 MeV protons, 100–600 Mev/a.m.u carbon ions). Model results agreed closely for protons and carbon-ions (mean error within ≈1%) of literature values. Agreement was high along particle track, with some discrepancy manifesting at track-end. The model presented has applications within a charged particle radiotherapy optimization framework as a rapid method for dose and LET estimation, capable of accounting for heterogeneity in electron density and ionization potential.
The relationship between scleral staphyloma and choroidal thinning in highly myopic eyes: The Beijing Eye Study
Authors: Zhou Ling Xiao , Shao Lei , Xu Liang , Wei Wen Bin , Wang Ya Xing , You Qi Sheng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBased on the Beijing Eye Study 2011, a detailed ophthalmic examination was performed including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with enhanced depth imaging for measurement of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and relative height of posterior scleral staphyloma. OCT images were obtained in 103 highly myopic eyes (≤−6.00 diopters) and 227 normal eyes. The mean SFCT in highly myopic eyes was 110.6 ± 85.2 μm (range, 3 to 395 μm). The SFCT of high myopia without posterior scleral staphyloma(55 eyes) was 157.79 ± 85.18 μm, which was significantly greater than that (54.94 ± 49.96 μm) of high myopia with posterior scleral staphyloma (48 eyes) (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, posterior scleral staphyloma was the most important factor of choroidal thinning in high myopia (F = 22.63; P < 0.001), then age (F = 19.14; P < 0.001), axial length (F = 17.37; P < 0.001) and gender (F = 17.31; P < 0.001). The SFCT in highly myopic eyes is very thin and undergoes further thinning with increasing age and axial length (refractive error). Posterior staphyloma formation was a key factor in choroidal thinning in highly myopic eyes and to be a good indicator for risk management of choroidal thinning. Abnormalities of the choroid may play a role in the pathogenesis of myopic degeneration.
White Light Emission from Fluorescent SiC with Porous Surface
Authors: Lu Weifang , Ou Yiyu , Fiordaliso Elisabetta Maria , Iwasa Yoshimi , Jokubavicius Valdas , Syväjärvi Mikael , Kamiyama Satoshi , Petersen Paul Michael , Ou Haiyan 
Published: August 2017

AbstarctWe report for the first time a NUV light to white light conversion in a N-B co-doped 6H-SiC (fluorescent SiC) layer containing a hybrid structure. The surface of fluorescent SiC sample contains porous structures fabricated by anodic oxidation method. After passivation by 20 nm thick Al2O3, the photoluminescence intensity from the porous layer was significant enhanced by a factor of more than 12. Using a porous layer of moderate thickness (~10 µm), high-quality white light emission was realized by combining the independent emissions of blue-green emission from the porous layer and yellow emission from the bulk fluorescent SiC layer. A high color rendering index of 81.1 has been achieved. Photoluminescence spectra in porous layers fabricated in both commercial n-type and lab grown N-B co-doped 6H-SiC show two emission peaks centered approximately at 460 nm and 530 nm. Such blue-green emission phenomenon can be attributed to neutral oxygen vacancies and interface C-related surface defects generated dring anodic oxidation process. Porous fluorescent SiC can offer a great flexibility in color rendering by changing the thickness of porous layer and bulk fluorescent layer. Such a novel approach opens a new perspective for the development of high performance and rare-earth element free white light emitting materials.
Congenital Syphilis Masquerading as Leukemia
Authors: Lee Tiffany , Bell Stephanie , Scimeme Jason , Maraqa Nizar 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAs of late, the incidence of congenital syphilis in the United States is increasing. Each new case represents a failure of preventing, diagnosing, and treating syphilis in pregnant women. Pediatricians should confirm that all women have received adequate screening for and management of syphilis during pregnancy. Congenital syphilis is easily treatable but may be a diagnostic challenge with high morbidity and mortality.
Uterine Extramedullary Plasmacytoma as a Primary Manifestation of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Codorniz Ana , Cunha Renato , Fernandes Fernando , Pais Maria João , Neves Tiago , Quintana Carlos 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe association between plasmacytomas and multiple myeloma (MM) is well-described, and in about one third of the cases of plasmacytoma the additional study will lead to the diagnosis of MM. The finding of plasmacytomas in the genital tract is extremely rare, with sparse cases described in the literature, and these cases pose a challenge regarding the optimal guidance and treatment. This paper describes a case of uterine extramedullary plasmacytoma in a 79-year-old woman with complaints of postmenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding. The complementary study led to the diagnosis of uterine plasmacytoma and, subsequently, of MM. Despite the unfavorable outcome of this case, we consider pertinent to report it because it constitutes a differential diagnosis to be taken into account in the approach of pelvic masses.
Simulating Internal Carotid Artery Injury during Transsphenoidal Transclival Endoscopic Surgery in a Perfused Cadaver Model
Authors: van Doormaal Tristan , Diederen Sander , van der Zwan Albert , Berkelbach Jan , Kropveld Arvid , Depauw Paul 
Published: August 2017

Introduction Managing internal carotid artery (ICA) injury during extended endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is an extreme challenge. We aimed to find a possible surgical treatment strategy.
Methods We operated seven fresh, perfused cadaver heads with a transsphenoidal endoscopic approach of the ICA using a three-dimensional-high definition (3D-HD) endoscope. We made a paraclival ICA leak, which we tried to manage with clips and microsutures.
Results Accurate transsphenoidal clip application on the ICA was impossible with standard aneurysm clips and applier. It was only feasible with a 9 mm slightly bended clip that could be opened from the inside and be applied with a dedicated flexible thin applier. Transsphenoidal suturing of an ICA leak was impossible from the ipsilateral nostril or with standard microinstruments. Suturing was only feasible from the contralateral nostril using flexible microinstruments with a thin 90-mm shaft. This was technically very challenging and involved a steep learning curve.
Conclusion Tamponade with muscle or fat and a quick transfer to the angiography suite for endovascular control remains the preferable option in case of an ICA leak during endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. If tamponade gives insufficient initial control, ICA clipping could be possible with dedicated instruments, with risk of increasing the defect, stenosis, or occlusion of the vessel. Transsphenoidal ICA suturing remains extremely difficult, and laboratory practice seems essential.
Alstrom Syndrome with Novel ALMS1 Mutations: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Lanrong , Li Hong , Shi Lixin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Objective To report novel mutations of ALMS1 and evaluate clinical characteristics in the Chinese Child with Alstrom syndrome (ALMS).
Methods The Child and his parents were examined clinically and venous blood was collected. ALMSl gene analysis was carried out using DNA Sanger sequencing. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified ALMS1 gene exons and splice sequence. The objective products were directly sequenced and analyzed. Pathogenic gene mutations were identified by contrast with the transcript (GRCh37/hg19).
Results The Child had typical clinical features of Alstrom syndrome. Sequencing the ALMS1 gene confirmed 2 novel heterozygous non-sense mutations in exon8, c.4600C>T (p.Q1534X) and in exon16, c.11410C>T (p.R3804X), respectively, resulting in premature protein truncation.
Conclusions 2 novel heterozygous non-sense mutations were identified in the Chinese Child with Alstrom syndrome, expanding the ALMS1 gene mutations causing Alstrom syndrome.
The Rotator Interval – A Link Between Anatomy and Ultrasound
Authors: Tamborrini Giorgio , Möller Ingrid , Bong David , Miguel Maribel , Marx Christian , Müller Andreas , Müller-Gerbl Magdalena 
Published: August 2017

AbstractShoulder pathologies of the rotator cuff of the shoulder are common in clinical practice. The focus of this pictorial essay is to discuss the anatomical details of the rotator interval of the shoulder, correlate the anatomy with normal ultrasound images and present selected pathologies. We focus on the imaging of the rotator interval that is actually the anterosuperior aspect of the glenohumeral joint capsule that is reinforced externally by the coracohumeral ligament, internally by the superior glenohumeral ligament and capsular fibers which blend together and insert medially and laterally to the bicipital groove. In this article we demonstrate the capability of high-resolution musculoskeletal ultrasound to visualize the detailed anatomy of the rotator interval. MSUS has a higher spatial resolution than other imaging techniques and the ability to examine these structures dynamically and to utilize the probe for precise anatomic localization of the patient’s pain by sono-palpation.
Durchblick im Paragrafendschungel
Authors: Riedinger Tobias 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Das Medizinproduktegesetz im OP Damit Gesetzestexte im Arbeitsalltag
angewendet werden können, müssen sie verstanden werden. Häufig ist die
Terminologie jedoch fremd, der Leser steht vor einem undurchsichtigen
Paragrafendschungel. Unser Autor erläutert deshalb Schritt für Schritt, welche
Richtlinien und Verordnungen bei der Einweisung in Medizinprodukte zum Einsatz
kommen, veranschaulicht die Pflichten der Anwender und Betreiber und gibt einen
Überblick über die Einteilung sowie die Risikoklassen von Medizinprodukten.
Der Einfluss von Interventionen körperlich-sportlicher Aktivität am Arbeitsplatz auf die
psychische Gesundheit von Beschäftigten – ein systematisches Review
Authors: Wolbring L. , Abbott A. , Bachert P. , Wäsche H. 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungArbeitsplatzanforderungen und damit psychische Belastungen von Arbeitnehmern * haben in letzter Zeit zugenommen. Untersuchungen konnten zeigen, dass körperlich-sportliche
Aktivität hier entgegenwirken kann. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, einen systematischen Überblick über
Studien zu geben, die den Einfluss von Interventionen körperlich-sportlicher Aktivität am Arbeitsplatz
auf die psychische Gesundheit von Beschäftigten untersuchen. 5 der 10 Studien zeigten einen positiven
Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit, wobei vor allem Interventionen, die mindestens 3-mal pro Woche
stattfanden, einen positiven Effekt erkennen ließen.
Creating Healthy Workplaces in Challenging Times
Authors: Kirsten W. , Ogata A. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryRising exposure to chronic diseases and related risk factors have led to a notable increase in
attributable disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in the last 25 years. This concerning trend has
highlighted the need for additional efforts to address behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases. The
workplace has proven to be an effective setting to mitigate and improve these risk factors and a growing
number of employers worldwide are recognizing their role in advancing employee health and well-being. The
question remains what constitutes a healthy workplace and successful programming, which produce positive
outcomes for business and employees. The World Health Organization (WHO) Healthy Workplace Model for
Action provides globally relevant guidance on how to create a healthy workplace via a continual
improvement process.
Simple Rules, Not So Simple: The Use of International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Terminology and Simple Rules in Inexperienced Hands in a Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Meys Evelyne , Rutten Iris , Kruitwagen Roy , Slangen Brigitte , Lambrechts Sandrina , Mertens Helen , Nolting Ernst , Boskamp Dieuwke , Van Gorp Toon 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Objectives To analyze how well untrained examiners – without experience in the use of International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) terminology or simple ultrasound-based rules (simple rules) – are able to apply IOTA terminology and simple rules and to assess the level of agreement between non-experts and an expert.
Methods This prospective multicenter cohort study enrolled women with ovarian masses. Ultrasound was performed by non-expert examiners and an expert. Ultrasound features were recorded using IOTA nomenclature, and used for classifying the mass by simple rules. Interobserver agreement was evaluated with Fleiss’ kappa and percentage agreement between observers.
Results 50 consecutive women were included. We observed 46 discrepancies in the description of ovarian masses when non-experts utilized IOTA terminology. Tumor type was misclassified often (n = 22), resulting in poor interobserver agreement between the non-experts and the expert (kappa = 0.39, 95 %-CI 0.244 – 0.529, percentage of agreement = 52.0 %). Misinterpretation of simple rules by non-experts was observed 57 times, resulting in an erroneous diagnosis in 15 patients (30 %). The agreement for classifying the mass as benign, malignant or inconclusive by simple rules was only moderate between the non-experts and the expert (kappa = 0.50, 95 %-CI 0.300 – 0.704, percentage of agreement = 70.0 %). The level of agreement for all 10 simple rules features varied greatly (kappa index range: -0.08 – 0.74, percentage of agreement 66 – 94 %).
Conclusion Although simple rules are useful to distinguish benign from malignant adnexal masses, they are not that simple for untrained examiners. Training with both IOTA terminology and simple rules is necessary before simple rules can be introduced into guidelines and daily clinical practice.
Die Kraft der Worte
Authors: d’Albert Yan 
Published: August 2017

SummaryMantras und Affirmationen bieten die Möglichkeit, innezuhalten und sich auf das rhythmische Wiederholen der Worte zu konzentrieren. Die positiven Botschaften und die Schwingungen der Töne sorgen für die Ausschüttung von Glückshormonen und wirken auf die Hirnaktivität ein. Auch mit den Atem- und Heilworten steht eine einfache Methode zur Verfügung, um innere Ruhe zu finden und positive Informationen gezielt im Unterbewusstsein zu speichern.
Aldosterone Hypothesis for Cognitive Impairment in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Saha Sarama , Bornstein Stefan , Graessler Juergen , Chakrabarti Sasanka , Kopprasch Steffi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIncreased plasma aldosterone concentration is significantly associated with dementia, which is accentuated by diabetes mellitus (DM). Angiotensin II (AngII) deteriorates cognitive function through neuronal degradation. Lipoproteins, a major source of cholesterol for aldosterone biosynthesis, undergo glycoxidative modifications in the presence of hyperglycemia. We hypothesize that there would be a pathophysiological link between diabetically-modified lipoproteins, angiotensin II, and increased plasma aldosterone concentration for induction of cognitive impairment. Glycoxidized lipoproteins produce significantly more aldosterone from AngII-sensitized adrenocortical cells compared to their native counterparts. The elucidation of signaling mechanisms revealed that modified lipoproteins follow the similar signaling mechanism like AngII for adrenocortical aldosterone release via ERK1/2 and Janus kinase-2 (Jak-2)-mediated pathways. The enhanced aldosterone release from AngII-sensitized adrenocortical cells induced by glycoxidatively modified lipoproteins may play a crucial role in cognitive dysfunction in diabetic individuals along with AngII via a prevailing mode of signaling cascade involving ERK1/2- and Jak-2-dependent pathways.
Versorgungsforschung der Anti-VEGF-Therapie: Selektion und methodische Besonderheiten
Authors: Ziemssen Focke , Stahl Andreas , Dimopoulos Spyridon 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDie anwendungsnahe Versorgungsforschung hat zum Ziel, die Wirksamkeit und Qualität einer Behandlung wie der Anti-VEGF-Therapie im Alltag zu verbessern. Sie eröffnet darüber hinaus die Möglichkeit, über eine kritische Analyse der Kosten die Wirtschaftlichkeit darzustellen und Entscheidungen von Gesundheitspolitikern und Kostenträgern zu unterstützen. Prospektiv kontrollierte Studien (Randomized controlled Trials; RCTs) haben zwar ohne Frage ihre Berechtigung, die Wirksamkeit einer Therapie unter kontrollierten Einflussfaktoren zu erfassen. Trotz niedriger Verzerrungspotenziale bilden sie aber nur eine kleine Stichprobe großer, heterogener Patientengruppen z. B. mit neovaskulärer Makuladegeneration und diabetischem Makulaödem ab. RCTs beantworten somit oft auch nicht relevante Fragen, z. B. wie eine Behandlung konkret umgesetzt werden sollte oder wie sich Einflussfaktoren (Behandlungsverzögerung, Adhärenz, seltene Nebenwirkungen, Pharmakovigilanz) auf den Einsatz in der klinischen Routine auswirken.Wenn aufgrund von Komorbiditäten, Drop-out-Raten oder seltener Phänotypen der Einschluss in RCTs nicht sinnvoll oder möglich ist, stellen Beobachtungsstudien ohne Randomisierung oder Behandlungsvorgaben gute Alternativen dar, ergänzende Aspekte zu evaluieren. Nichtsdestotrotz ist es gerade für die Erhebung weicherer Zielparameter wie Visus und patientenbezogener Parameter (Patient related Outcome; PRO) von Bedeutung, die Limitationen und Stärken eines nicht interventionellen Designs zu kennen. Eine genaue Kenntnis statistischer Phänomene (Floor/Ceiling Effect) oder Vorgaben/Einschränkungen kann verhindern, dass Selektionsphänomene übersehen oder fehlinterpretiert werden. Zu viele Studien verzichten jedoch leider auf die Angabe zeitabhängiger Parameter und liefern über das Ausblenden von Patienten mit schlechterem Ansprechen ein positives Zerrbild der Wirklichkeit.
Fremd und doch vertraut: Obertongesang
Authors: Saus Wolfgang 
Published: August 2017

SummaryUnter Obertongesang versteht man eine Gesangstechnik, die den Eindruck erweckt, der Sänger würde zwei Töne gleichzeitig singen. Durch die ungewöhnlichen Klänge bietet Obertonsingen Potenzial für den therapeutischen Einsatz, beispielsweise bei Kindern mit Autismusspektrumstörung. Obertongesang erhöht die Fähigkeit, sich empathisch in andere Menschen einzufühlen, und wird in der Gesangspädagogik genutzt, um Stimmprobleme zu lindern.
Unruhe und Ernährung
Authors: Pothmann Raymund 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Zusammensetzung der Nahrung kann bereits in der Säuglingsperiode zu gesundheitlichen Störungen mit Unruhe führen. Besonders Kuhmilch, Zucker und Zusatzstoffe in verarbeiteten Nahrungsmitteln können zu Gesundheitsstörungen führen, die mit Unruhe einhergehen.Mit einer triggerarmen Ernährung können die Beschwerden speziell bei Migräne, Neurodermitis, Pruritus und Asthma, aber auch bei Hyperaktivität nichtmedikamentös gelindert werden. Bei belastenden, nicht oder nur schwer vermeidbaren Allergenen und Nahrungsmitteln bildet die akupunkturgestützte Toleranzsteigerung eine hilfreiche Option.
Schöllkraut als Teedroge: Das Risiko übersteigt den Nutzen
Authors: Meyer Egbert 
Published: August 2017

SummarySchöllkraut ist eine naturheilkundlich geschätzte Heilpflanze und Bestandteil zahlreicher, bewährter Rezepturen in der Erfahrungsheilkunde. Sie darf jedoch aufgrund ihrer Toxizität innerlich nur noch in bestimmten Mengen angewandt werden. Fertigpräparate gewährleisten, dass die Menge der toxischen Inhaltsstoffe das zugelassene Maß nicht überschreitet. Eine Anwendung des Schöllkrauts als Teedroge ist dagegen nicht mehr sinnvoll möglich und wegen möglicher leberschädigender Nebenwirkungen auch nicht zu empfehlen.
Checklist and Scoring System for the Assessment of Soft Tissue Preservation in CT Examinations of Human Mummies: Application to the Tyrolean Iceman
Authors: Panzer Stephanie , Pernter Patrizia , Piombino-Mascali Dario , Jankauskas Rimantas , Zesch Stephanie , Rosendahl Wilfried , Hotz Gerhard , Zink Albert R. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose Soft tissues make a skeleton into a mummy and they allow for a diagnosis beyond osteology. Following the approach of structured reporting in clinical radiology, a recently developed checklist was used to evaluate the soft tissue preservation status of the Tyrolean Iceman using computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to apply the “Checklist and Scoring System for the Assessment of Soft Tissue Preservation in CT Examinations of Human Mummies” to the Tyrolean Iceman, and to compare the Iceman’s soft tissue preservation score to the scores calculated for other mummies.
Materials and Methods A whole-body (CT) (SOMATOM Definition Flash, Siemens, Forchheim, Germany) consisting of five scans, performed in January 2013 in the Department of Radiodiagnostics, Central Hospital, Bolzano, was used (slice thickness 0.6 mm; kilovolt ranging from 80 to 140). For standardized evaluation the “CT Checklist and Scoring System for the Assessment of Soft Tissue Preservation in Human Mummies” was used.
Results All checkpoints under category “A. Soft Tissues of Head and Musculoskeletal System” and more than half in category “B. Organs and Organ Systems” were observed. The scoring system accounted for a total score of 153 (out of 200). The comparison of the scores between the Iceman and three mummy collections from Vilnius, Lithuania, and Palermo, Sicily, as well as one Egyptian mummy resulted in overall higher soft tissue preservation scores for the Iceman.
Conclusion Application of the checklist allowed for standardized assessment and documentation of the Iceman’s soft tissue preservation status. The scoring system allowed for a quantitative comparison between the Iceman and other mummies. The Iceman showed remarkable soft tissue preservation.
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Strategies in Interventional Radiology: Formation of an Interdisciplinary Center of Vascular Anomalies – Chances and Challenges for Effective and Efficient Patient Management
Authors: Sadick Maliha , Dally Franz , Schönberg Stefan , Stroszczynski Christian , Wohlgemuth Walter 
Published: August 2017

Background Radiology is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases and is involved in the development of multimodal treatment concepts.
Method Interdisciplinary case management, a broad spectrum of diagnostic imaging facilities and dedicated endovascular radiological treatment options are valuable tools that allow radiology to set up an interdisciplinary center for vascular anomalies.
Results Image-based diagnosis combined with endovascular treatment options is an essential tool for the treatment of patients with highly complex vascular diseases. These vascular anomalies can affect numerous parts of the body so that a multidisciplinary treatment approach is required for optimal patient care.
Conclusion This paper discusses the possibilities and challenges regarding effective and efficient patient management in connection with the formation of an interdisciplinary center for vascular anomalies with strengthening of the clinical role of radiologists.
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