bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gondolatok az üzletrészek örökléséről
Authors: Dúl János 
Published: June 2017

The article focuses on the successions of the business shares which are in the Hungarian limited liability companies. There are several changes because of the new Civil Code that affected this area although we have to examine the former regulation because of the period of validity, too.
The succession law is the area of the law with whom every people has connection at least once in their life. The number of the legacies grows in which business shares can be founded because more and more people are participating in business societies.
The new method of the regulation differs from the previous. The new Hungarian Civil Code (Act V of 2013) consists of not only the “classical” civil law (for example property law, law of contracts) but the family law even the business law. Before this there were two separate laws and because of this situation we have to examine the relation of these laws and their methods of regulations.
Afterwards we study the state of the successors in the Hungarian limited liability companies. It diverges from the other companies because the limited liability companies are transitions between general and limited partnerships and joint-stock companies. There were more ideas how to regulate this company; at the end it has differences but not so significant.
egészségügyi ágazati béremelés jogi aspektusai egy gyakorló munkajogász szemével
Authors: Bácsi Mariann 
Published: June 2017

My essay analyses the rules of the wage-rise in the Hungarian health service system performed in two stages in 2012 and 2013. The difficulties of applying the rules and the continuous changes in the law are presented from a practical viewpoint.
The personal and material scope of the raise in the health sector was the same circle: higher education institutions and religious institutions performing public mission that provide for in- and out-patient care. The wage-rise affected the employees having service relations with the above mentioned institutes in civil servant and commissionaire positions.
In 2012 altogether86.000 persons benefitted from the raise (67.978 of them were directly involved in the healthcare), and 95.000 persons in 2013. The Act LXXXIV of 2003 distinguishes three groups of employees regarding the continuous and retroactive (ex post facto) raise of wages: doctors, graduates, pharmacists and health workers. In the case of these groups no uniformed wage scale exists, so different rules must be applied.
The retroactive wager is in the case of the doctors depended on their salary, and the continuous rise was realized by a new wage scale. Other graduates and pharmacists gained a fixed rise. The retro active rise of the health workers was also fixed, the continuous wage rise was realized through a new wage scale and it depended whether their legal relation with the employer was established before or after the 1st of the July 2012.
The complicated and frequently inaccurate regulation was corrected by the legislator, when a uniformed wage scale was directed to each group of employees in the September of 2013. A new sectoral wage scale was applied for the doctors and the health workers, and for other graduates and pharmacists the old public wage scale must be applied.
Contrary to the uniformed regulation, there still remained legal institutions where the day/night duty, readiness, shift bonus, overtime must be specified according to the legislations in force on the 30th of June, 2012.
Summing up, the legislator finally prevented the emigration of the highly qualified specialists by the execution of the wage rise in the last two years.
nyilvános gyakorlatbavétel mint újdonságrontó körülmény eredete a magyar szabadalmi jogban
Authors: Papp László 
Published: June 2017

It was obvious at the creation of the 37th Act of 1895 on the patent rights of inventions, that the protection of patents is a subjective right based on objective conditions, and in connection to this, the discretionality of both the monarch and any other state organizations. For the purposes of this act, the requirements of petantibility were: novelity; invetnion; susceptible of industrial application. Some of these criteria the article is presented the novelity, especially the case of publicly used. Under the first patent act, any new invetion capebla of being used industrialy can be patented, except medicines, food for men and animals, and chemical products, and if the Goverment opposes, warlike inventions. An invention was new, if it had not been published in print anywhere, or publicly worked, or patented by others in the realm. As a result the study is presented the evolituon of „publicly used” from the first patent act by the end of the second world war.
‟LE RITE” (1969) D’INGMAR BERGMAN: L’ACTEUR-COMME-ACTEUR ENTRE L’‟ANAGNORISIS” ET LA FRAGILITÉ DE L’IDENTIFICATION
Authors: CÂMPEAN Alexandra Noemina 
Published: June 2017

Ingmar Bergman’s The Rite (1969): the Actor-as-Actor between Anagnorisis and Fragility of Identification. The present paper analyses the strange identification experienced by the Bergmanian actor-as-actor, due to a perpetual memory of the body. We will examine the manner in which the actor who plays the role of the actor passes through a painful and disarticulated identification, originated in August Strindberg’s radiations of the ego (Ausstrahlungen des Ichs). Accordingly, the radiations are not only writings in the first person, but also egotistical discourse; binding the ego on the stage, the playwright’s world becomes not only a psychic experience, but also a diurnal dream lived with the eyes wide open (as in the plays The Road to Damascus and A Dream Play). Therefore, in the film The Rite (Riten, 1969, TV movie), the total and stylized actor enacts the virtue of the crime in order to re-cognize himself; in this context, the achievement of his persona confirms the thorough execution of a murder – that is to say that the actor’s visage foreshadows the melancholic soleil noir of the Universal tragedy.
A REFLECTION UPON “WALDEN”: ECOLOGICAL AND MORAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN A NEW LIGHT
Authors: SIMION Radu 
Published: June 2017

In this article, I do not intend to make a review on the work of the American transcendentalist but, rather, to capture different aspects of the subjective self through which a moral and ecological core is formed. The practical importance of my work is obvious, since nowadays there is no environmental ethics article in which there can’t be found, at least once, references to the exacerbation of the Anthropocene era, to nature deficit disorder (a term invented by Richard Louv in his brilliant book, Last Child in the Woods), nature knowledge deficit, alienation, a culture of control and the will of domination. The lifestyle proposed by David Thoreau can be taken into consideration as a model for what we call a good and flourishing life, a virtuous life connected to natural surroundings. In fact, Walden, or Life in the Woods is about the love for nature seen as a sign of self-love. Having assumed his madness, a brave plunge into a space of beauty and uncertainties, of purity and honesty, Thoreau dares to dream big, to explore a world of removal from a mechanical society, to enter a space of lucidity and personal development. Next, I will explain in detail my view on the multiple meanings that Thoreau catches during his residence in the cabin from the shore of the Walden Lake near Concord, Massachusetts. For the beginning, I propose an imaginative drift, in which we could transpose ourselves, even if only for a few minutes, in a natural universe similar with the one Thoreau describes in his book. Otherwise, the incursion in the moral space of the ethics of care that dominates Thoreau’s experience will be a simple, empty theoretical construct, lacking in colour and flavour.
ANALISA DAN OPTIMASI SISTEM PLTGU BIOMASSA GAS METAN DENGAN DAYA 20 MW
Authors: Rahardja Istianto Budhi , Paryatmo Wibowo 
Published: June 2017

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Biomassa adalah pembangkit yang mempergunakan biomassa (sampah) dalam membentuk energi termal yang akan dipergunakan untuk menggerakan energi potensial pada sistem pembangkit listrik. Pada proses pembangkit ini mempergunakan sistem kombinasi (Combined Cycle), yaitu Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (siklus Rankine) dan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas (siklus Brayton). Proses Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas – Uap (PLTGU) membutuhkan energi panas yang diproses dari sampah organik sehingga menjadi gas metan untuk dipergunakan menaikkan temperatur udara di dalam ruang bakar, sehingga mempunyai tekanan yang tinggi untuk mendorong/menggerakkan turbin gas dan bekas hasil kinerja turbin gas dimanfaatkan untuk pembakaran air menjadi uap di ruang ketel uap (Heat Recovery Steam Gas), sehingga mempunyai tekanan yang mampu untuk mendorong turbin uap. Penggabungan antara turbin gas dan turbin uap adalah pengembangan di dalam proses pembangkit listrik, dimana dengan melakukan penggabungan siklus (Combine Cycle) memperoleh effesiensi yang lebih tinggi sebesar (58.19%) dengan dibandingkan dengan siklus turbin uap (25.88%) serta siklus turbin gas (30.1887%) yang berdiri sendiri.
The improved differential demon algorithm
Authors: Yang Jinzhu , Deng Meili , Cao Peng , Tan Wenjun , Sun Qi , Lu Lin , Zhao Dazhe 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: Differential demon is a fast and efficient registration algorithm. It drives the floating image to deform using the force based on the gradient between the reference and floating image. But it will cause abnormal deformation when the driving force approaches zero,which limits its practical applications. OBJECTIVE: This paper proposed an improved differential demon algorithm, which aimed to enhance the registration performance of the existing demon algorithm. METHODS: Firstly, we review the original differential demon algorithm. Then, we propose an improved differential demon algorithm and the process of mathematical deduction. Finally, we use experiment to prove that the improved differential demon algorithm is effective and it can improve the accuracy of registration. RESULTS: We tested our method on data sets provided by Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University. The registration performance proved to be better than the original demon algorithm in terms of mutual information, normalized correlation coefficient, mean square error and iteration number. CONCLUSIONS: Experiment results demonstrate the superiority of method proposed in this paper to the original demon algorithm.
Molecular systematics and historical biogeography of Maianthemum s.s.
Authors: Kim Changkyun , Cameron Kenneth M. , Kim Joo‐Hwan 
Published: June 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Understanding the underlying mechanisms for the evolution of intercontinental disjunct patterns has long fascinated botanists. We present a molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of Maianthemum s.l. (including Smilacina) with a focus on Maianthemum s.s. species, which have a disjunct distribution between Eurasia and North America. Within this evolutionary framework, we clarify the systematic classification and biogeographical history of Maianthemum s.s.METHOD:Data from two nuclear and five chloroplast DNA regions were analyzed using the programs PAUP*, RAxML, MrBayes, BEAST, and RASP.KEY RESULTS:Our molecular phylogeny supports Maianthemum s.s. as monophyletic. Maianthemum bifolium and M. canadense are grouped according to their taxonomic species, but the accessions of M. dilatatum are divided into two well‐defined groups, i.e., one comprising western North American accessions, and the other composed of northeast Asian accessions. Molecular dating and biogeographic reconstructions suggest a northeast Asian origin for Maianthemum s.s. and that a complicated pattern of divergent evolution began approximately in the late Miocene. Intercontinental disjunctions of Maianthemum s.s. in the Northern Hemisphere appear to have occurred two times during the Pliocene.CONCLUSIONS:Based on our results, two possible ways to treat Maianthemum s.s. species can be envisioned: (1) elevate Asian populations of M. dilatatum to specific rank; or (2) combine the three Maianthemum s.s. species into a broadly defined single species. We recommend treatment of Maianthemum s.s. as a single species. The biogeographic patterns of Maianthemum s.s. coupled with molecular dating suggest both vicariance and long‐distance dispersal events as key mechanisms for diversification of the clade.
Population genetic structure of Bromus tectorum in the mountains of western North America
Authors: Arnesen Spencer , Coleman Craig E. , Meyer Susan E. 
Published: June 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Invasive species are often initially restricted to a narrow range and may then expand through any of multiple mechanisms including phenotypic plasticity, in situ evolution, or selection on traits preadapted for new habitats. Our study used population genetics to explore possible processes by which the highly selfing invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum has expanded into montane environments.METHODS:We used 69 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers to genotype ca. 20 individuals from each of 38 montane cheatgrass populations from throughout the Intermountain West and to identify characteristic SNP haplotypes and examine their distribution.KEY RESULTS:Five invariant SNP haplotypes were dominant in montane cheatgrass populations, making up 59% of genotyped individuals, with each haplotype present in 12 to 21 populations. Four of these were absent or present at low frequency in low elevation populations, while the fifth was also sometimes dominant at low elevation. Sixteen haplotypes made up 78% of all genotyped individuals. These haplotypes were distributed across several haplogroups within the clade that also includes most sagebrush steppe lineages.CONCLUSIONS:The wide geographic distribution of several common haplotypes almost completely restricted to montane habitats suggests that dominant lineages in montane populations may possess adaptive syndromes that are preserved through reduced outcrossing rates or negative selection on outcrossed progeny. However, conclusive evidence of such local adaptation requires reciprocal seeding experiments and further characterization of adaptive traits and breeding system characteristics. Other lineages have likely risen to dominance in montane populations through selectively neutral processes.
Blowout Surge due to Interaction between a Solar Filament and Coronal Loops
Authors: Li Haidong , Jiang Yunchun , Yang Jiayan , Qu Zhining , Yang Bo , Xu Zhe , Bi Yi , Hong Junchao , Chen Hechao 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We present an observation of the interaction between a filament and the outer spine-like loops that produces a blowout surge within one footpoint of large-scale coronal loops on 2015 February 6. Based the observation of the AIA 304 and 94 Å, the activated filament is initially embedded below a dome of a fan-spine configuration. Due to the ascending motion, the erupting filament reconnects with the outer spine-like field. We note that the material in the filament blows out along the outer spine-like field to form the surge with a wider spire, and a two-ribbon flare appears at the site of the filament eruption. In this process, small bright blobs appear at the interaction region and stream up along the outer spine-like field and down along the eastern fan-like field. As a result, a leg of the filament becomes radial and the material in it erupts, while another leg forms the new closed loops. Our results confirm that the successive reconnection occurring between the erupting filament and the coronal loops may lead to a strong thermal/magnetic pressure imbalance, resulting in a blowout surge.
Reconciling the Dawn–Dusk Asymmetry in Mercury’s Exosphere with the Micrometeoroid Impact Directionality
Authors: Pokorný Petr , Sarantos Menelaos , Janches Diego 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Combining dynamical models of dust from Jupiter-family comets and Halley-type comets, we demonstrate that the seasonal variation of the dust/meteoroid environment at Mercury is responsible for producing the dawn–dusk asymmetry in Mercury’s exosphere observed by the MESSENGER spacecraft. Our latest models, calibrated recently from ground-based and space-borne measurements, provide unprecedented statistics that enable us to study the longitudinal and latitudinal distribution of meteoroids impacting Mercury’s surface. We predict that the micrometeoroid impact vaporization source is expected to undergo significant motion on Mercury’s surface toward the nightside during Mercury’s approach to aphelion and toward the dayside when the planet is approaching the Sun.
ALMA [N ii] 205 μm Imaging Spectroscopy of the Interacting Galaxy System BRI 1202-0725 at Redshift 4.7*
Authors: Lu Nanyao , Zhao Yinghe , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Xu C. Kevin , Charmandaris Vassilis , Gao Yu , van der Werf Paul P. , Privon George C. , Inami Hanae , Rigopoulou Dimitra , Sanders David B. , Zhu Lei 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We present the results from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array imaging in the [N ii] 205μm fine-structure line (hereafter [N ii]) and the underlying continuum of BRI 1202-0725, an interacting galaxy system at z = 4.7, consisting of a quasi-stellar object (QSO), a submillimeter galaxy (SMG), and two Lyα emitters, all within ∼25 kpc of the QSO. We detect the QSO and SMG in both [N ii] and continuum. At the ∼1″ (or 6.6 kpc) resolution, both the QSO and SMG are resolved in [N ii], with the de-convolved major axes of ∼9 and ∼14 kpc, respectively. In contrast, their continuum emissions are much more compact and unresolved even at an enhanced resolution of ∼0.″7. The ratio of the [N ii] flux to the existing CO(7−6) flux is used to constrain the dust temperature (T
dust) for a more accurate determination of the FIR luminosity L
FIR. Our best estimated T
dust equals 43 (±2) K for both galaxies (assuming an emissivity index β = 1.8). The resulting L
CO(7−6)/L
FIR ratios are statistically consistent with that of local luminous infrared galaxies, confirming that L
CO(7−6) traces the star formation (SF) rate (SFR) in these galaxies. We estimate that the ongoing SF of the QSO (SMG) has an SFR of 5.1 (6.9) × 103
M
⊙ yr−1 (±30%) assuming Chabrier initial mass function, takes place within a diameter (at half maximum) of 1.3 (1.5) kpc, and will consume the existing 5 (5) × 1011
M
⊙ of molecular gas in 10 (7) × 107 years.
Le piège de la mise en œuvre : l’échelon local et les politiques en faveur de la diversité
Authors: Schiller Maria 
Published: June 2017

Il est généralement admis que l’échelon local a gagné en assurance et en autonomie dans la formulation de ses propres politiques concernant les immigrants et adopte parfois des philosophies différentes en matière d’intégration. À ce jour, cependant, on en sait peu au sujet des capacités réelles des villes à appliquer ces philosophies de façon systématique. Dans le présent article, nous proposons une étude de la gouvernance de l’intégration des immigrants au sein des municipalités européennes. Notre étude porte sur les villes qui ont mis en place des « politiques en faveur de la diversité » et compare le sens donné à la diversité dans les politiques formulées avec ce qui se fait dans leur mise en œuvre. Dans notre étude, nous observons un écart à ce niveau dans la mise en œuvre des politiques en faveur de la diversité à Anvers, Amsterdam et Leeds, et soutenons que les villes ont sans doute gagné en assurance et en autonomie en proposant leurs propres idées et concepts dans la gouvernance de l’immigration, mais cela ne veut pas forcément dire qu’elles appliquent aussi ces idées de façon systématique. Nous proposons deux explications à cet écart de mise en œuvre et aux capacités variables des villes à appliquer ces politiques de manière systématique. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Nous proposons deux théories pour expliquer cette incohérence dans l’application des politiques, en nous intéressant au cas des politiques locales en faveur de la diversité, et examinons la manière dont les choses se déroulent dans différentes villes. Ces observations sont importantes en ce qu’elles permettent de définir les conditions nécessaires à la cohérence dans la mise en œuvre des politiques.
Effect of clasp type and pullout location on clasp retention in different environment: In vitro study
Authors: Mourshed Bilal , Al-Sabri Fuad Abdo , Qaed Nashwan Ahmed , Alaizari Nader , Al-Shamiri Hashem Motahir , Alfaqih Amal 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of pullout location and clasp types in two different environments to dislodge the clasp. Materials and Methods: Mandibular test models with natural premolars and molar teeth were used to test four types of clasp (each 12) (Akers, Rest plate Akers, Half and Half, and Ring clasp) with three different pullout location for each type (ring on the rest, loop on the saddle, and wax arising from both rests) in dry and natural fresh saliva environment. Each clasp was pulled out 10 times with a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min, and the force required to withdraw each was measured. Statistical Analysis Used: A one-way ANOVA and Tukey test were used. Results: The ring on the saddle pullout location has the highest retention force while ring on the rest was the lowest. In addition, ring clasp has the highest retention force. Conclusion: Clasp type and pullout location had a significant effect on the retentive force.
La información territorial en la radio y la televisión de ámbito nacional en España y su contribución a la imagen de las comunidades autónomas
Authors: López Vidales Nereida , Gómez Rubio Leire , Vicente Torrico David 
Published: June 2017

Los informativos de radio y televisión de las cadenas generalistas nacionales son ventanas a las que cada día se asoma la audiencia para informarse, convirtiéndose ambos medios en herramientas transmisoras de información y de la imagen del territorio de procedencia de las noticias emitidas en sus servicios informativos. El objetivo principal de esta aportación es el análisis de la información territorial presente en los informativos nacionales de las cadenas de radio y televisión generalistas para aproximarnos a la imagen que proyectan sobre las distintas comunidades autónomas a la sociedad española. Metodología: Se ha optado por una combinación metodológica, cuantitativa y cualitativa, basada en el análisis de contenido, que facilitará la obtención de datos pertinentes sobre las unidades de análisis, las emisoras de radio y de televisión con mayores índices de audiencia en España en 2017: Cadena SER, Onda Cero, COPE, RNE, Telecinco, Antena 3 y TVE. La muestra se compone de 848 piezas procedentes de los informativos emitidos de 14 a 15 horas, de lunes a viernes, en los meses de enero y febrero de 2017. Resultados y conclusiones: La información territorial ofrecida por los informativos de radio y televisión nacionales está dominada por tres comunidades autónomas –Cataluña, Andalucía y Madrid-, siendo las noticias de política, sociedad y sucesos las que copan la información territorial emitida.