bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Calcium on Prevention of Lower Limb Deep Venous Thrombosis in Oral Cancer Patients With Anterolateral Thigh Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Liu Keyue , Lu Linsong , Zhi Yuan , Zi Moxin , Zhang Xiangyu , Wu Kun , Gong Zhaojian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of low molecular weight heparin calcium (LMWH‐Ca) on the prevention of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap reconstruction.MethodsIn total, 1001 patients with oral cancer who underwent ALT flap reconstruction were recruited. Based on the postoperative use of LMWH‐Ca, the patients were divided into case (n = 633) and control groups (n = 368). The incidence of postoperative DVT was compared between groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference in DVT incidence between the two groups. Among patients older than 60 years, the incidence of lower limb DVT in the case group (0.813%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (8.108%, p = 0.012).ConclusionThe postoperative use of LMWH in oral cancer patients with ALT flap transfer does not prevent the development of lower limb DVT. However, patients older than 60 years old benefited from the postoperative use of LMWH‐Ca.
Closure of Large Tracheocutaneous Fistula Using Modified Hinge Flap and Deltopectral Flap
Authors: Ishida Naoya , Tanaka Kentaro , Murakami Kyoichi , Ueno Mayu , Mori Hiroki 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundVarious methods for closing tracheocutaneous fistulas have been reported; however, there is no established consensus. This study reports the successful closure of a large tracheocutaneous fistula using a Modified Hinge Flap and DP flap.MethodsBetween July 2014 and December 2023, four patients underwent a modified hinge flap and DP flap for tracheocutaneous fistula at a single center.ResultsThe maximum diameter of the fistula was 10–33 mm, the cartilage defect was 1/4–1/2 of the total circumference of the trachea, and no radiation was administered to the neck during the perioperative period. In all cases, postoperative speech and swallowing improved, and none of the patients complained of cosmetic appearance.ConclusionsThe method in this study is simple and allows reliable closure of relatively large tracheocutaneous fistula of 10 mm or more, and we believe that it can be a new treatment method for tracheocutaneous fistula closure.
Association between the composite dietary antioxidant index and risk of infertility: Evidence from NHANES 2013–2020 and a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang JuanJuan , Chun  , Ling Xiufeng , Luan Ting 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) measures the antioxidant capacity of the diet, which is believed to provide protection against various diseases, including depression, osteoporosis, and papillomavirus infection, by neutralizing harmful oxidative stress. However, the relationship between CDAI and infertility is not well understood. This research aims to explore the potential correlations between CDAI and the risk of infertility.MethodsThis research harnessed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to execute a cross‐sectional analysis involving 8263 US women aged 20–45. Each participant was subjected to two distinct 24‐h dietary recall interviews. We calculated the CDAI using average daily antioxidant intake. Infertility was assessed using a standardized questionnaire. The association between CDAI and infertility was examined using weighted multiple logistic regression models, while nonlinear correlations were explored through restricted cubic splines. To affirm the robustness of our findings, sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed using unweighted logistic regression. Additionally, to ascertain the causal influence of circulating antioxidant levels on infertility, a two‐sample univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted, using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analytic approach.ResultsParticipants who were infertile exhibited lower CDAI levels compared to their fertile counterparts. When confounding variables were accounted for in the multivariate weighted logistic regression model, an inverse relationship was observed between CDAI and infertility, with the odds ratio for the highest versus lowest quartile being 0.55 (0.33–0.90, P = 0.02). However, the IVW method indicated that genetically predicted elevated levels of CDAI did not significantly correlate with infertility.ConclusionCross‐sectional observational studies indicate that antioxidants from diets might diminish infertility risks. However, findings from MR studies do not confirm a causal connection. Additional prospective research is required to elucidate this association further.
Mini‐review of developments in the chemical modification of plant‐derived photosensitizing drug hypocrellin and its biomedical applications
Authors: Wu Ying'ao , Yin Xiong , Li Min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic and photothermal therapy have emerged as standard treatments for a range of tumors and microvascular diseases. However, a significant gap remains in the clinical availability of photosensitizers. Among the vast array of photosensitizers, hypocrellin–a plant‐derived photosensitizing drug–stands out as a potential candidate. It boasts straightforward preparation and purification processes, high phototoxicity, low toxicity in the absence of light, and rapid metabolism within the body. However, hypocrellin's limited water solubility and weak absorption in the phototherapeutic window pose challenges to its use in treating solid tumors. Given the limited number of reviews on this subject, a thorough investigation of hypocrellin is essential. This review focuses on the efforts of scientists to address these challenges through chemical modifications of hypocrellin and its co‐assembly with hydrophilic drug delivery vehicles. A notable advantage of hypocrellin over other photosensitizers is its amenability to modification, resulting in pure monomeric derivatives. Recent studies have shown that modifying specific functional groups on hypocrellin's parent ring can yield more potent derivatives, positioning it as a highly promising strategy in tumor therapy. Beyond its therapeutic potential, this review also explores the diverse applications of hypocrellin, including its role in bacterial and fungal inactivation, as well as its efficacy in treating malignant tumors. Additionally, the utilization of nanoparticles as carriers for modified hypocrellin presents new possibilities for clinical applications. This review offers a detailed examination of recent developments in hypocrellin modification, highlighting its potential to advance photodynamic therapy and a wider range of biomedical applications.
Morphological Characterization of Culex Quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Pupae in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Yamany Abeer S. , Abdel‐Gaber Rewaida 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTOver the last 30 years, several mosquito‐borne diseases have spread worldwide, threatening human and animal health, including lymphatic filariasis. Lymphatic filariasis is a major public health issue in tropical regions like Saudi Arabia, caused by parasitic worms. The parasitic worms Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi are transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus. Cx. quinquefasciatus is a potential vector for various arboviruses like encephalitis virus and West Nile virus, along with protozoa like Plasmodium relictum that cause bird malaria. With the increasing number of mosquito species, there is an increased need for additional species identification. More attention is being directed to the immature stage, specifically the pupae, due to their valuable characteristics for species identification. Cx. quinquefaciatus, one of the nine Culicine species found in Saudi Arabia, lacks a complete description of its pupal stage and only has partial descriptions of other developmental stages, making identification challenging. This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of Cx. quinquefaciatus pupae, focusing on the cephalothorax, trumpet, abdomen, paddle, and genital lobes, as well as the distribution and arrangement of setal branching and chaetotaxy. The pupae were collected from Qaryat Al Ulya Governorate, Eastern region, KSA, and maintained in a Biology Laboratory at the University of Hafr Al Batin from September to October 2022. The findings of this study have provided the essential characteristics regarding the distinguishing features of Cx. quinquefaciatus pupae to distinguish it from other closely related species. This identification could assist field entomologists in enhancing their efficiency by classifying mosquitoes during virus outbreaks.
Density‐Dependent Mortality of the Diving Beetle, Rhantus elevatus (Dytiscidae: Coleoptera) Preyed Upon Culex pipiens Larvae: Effects of Prey and Predator Densities
Authors: Rashed Ahmed A. , Aly ElKhateeb. S. , Mashlawi Abadi M. , Bayoumy Mohamed H. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDiving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) are general predators that feed primarily on mosquito larvae and can control their populations, but the evidence for such an assumption remains weak. Rhantus elevatus is an important predator of this group distributed in Egypt with both larval and adult stages preying on immature mosquito. For determine predator effectiveness, it is requisite to identify the functional response (a = rate of attack and Th = time of handling) and searching efficacy (at = area of discovery and m = mutual interference) as both correlate with biocontrol efficacy. This study assessed the density‐dependent mortality of Culex pipiens larvae by eliciting functional responses of third‐instar and adult predators at prey density ranging from 100 to 500 larvae per arena. By contrast, a searching efficacy for the same predator stages was examined at densities ranging from one to five predators per 500 prey. Predation rates of third‐instar and adult of R. elevatus were fitted by a model of Type II response with coefficients were: third‐instar (a = 0.208 h−1 and Th = 2413 h) and adult (a = 0.1191 h−1 and Th = 3723 h). The maximum number of mosquitoes which can be devoured by an individual larva and adult of R. elevatus within 24 h was 99.46 and 64.46 prey, respectively. The area of discovery for the larval stage declined more steeply than the adult stage of the predator as their density increased from one to five individuals, indicating more interference estimated for the larval stage. Considering these characteristics, larvae would seem to be the most effective stage against low mosquito populations due to low predation risk compared to that generated at high predator densities in the same arena from intra‐specific interference. Eventually, we suggested a ratio of 1:100 (predator per prey) must be considered in biocontrol plans for mosquitoes.
Extrahepatic biliary atresia and normal‐range serum gamma‐glutamyltranspeptidase activity: A case report
Authors: Kohlmaier Benno , Tichy Heidelis , Blatterer Jasmin , Till Holger , Schlagenhauf Axel , Knisely A. S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn infant with biliary atresia had normal‐range (‘low’) serum gamma‐glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activity, exceptional because GGT generally is elevated in biliary atresia. Mechanisms underlying low‐GGT cholestasis in biliary atresia are not defined, but the phenomenon is associated with worse clinical outcome. Testing in our patient revealed no variants in genes mutated in several disorders also associated with poor prognosis and with low‐GGT cholestasis; indeed, at age 14 months she has stable disease with unremarkable biomarker values. Nonetheless, we recommend extended investigations in such patients, including genetic testing, to detect coexistent disorders and to expand understanding of GGT in biliary atresia.
Transcriptional variation and RNA polymorphism among different Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler strains
Authors: Makkar Sujata , Shankar Rama , Singh Ajay , Annepu Sudheer Kumar , Nehra Kiran 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDLentinula edodes is a commercially important mushroom known for its nutritional and therapeutic values. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the distinct nutritional and physiological attributes of various L. edodes strains are not well understood. This study focused on three Lentinula strains (DMRO‐356, DMRO‐623, and DMRO‐388s) with different nutritional and productivity profiles. Illumina sequencing was used to perform a whole‐transcriptome analysis, conducting 100‐base pair paired‐end sequencing of total messenger RNA (mRNA) in duplicate, resulting in 28–48 million sequencing reads per strain. After rigorous data filtering, over 99% of high‐quality reads were retained, and more than 95% were aligned to the Lentinula genome.RESULTSDifferential gene expression analyses identified 2210 differentially expressed genes between DMRO‐356 and DMRO‐623, 862 between DMRO‐356 and DMRO‐388s, and 2212 between DMRO‐623 and DMRO‐388s. Significant genetic variations were found among the strains, including 7753 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DMRO‐356 versus DMRO‐623 and 4080 SNPs in DMRO‐356 versus DMRO‐388s. Additionally, 349 insertions/deletions (InDels) were found in DMRO‐356/DMRO‐623 and 218 in DMRO‐356/DMRO‐388 s. Non‐synonymous SNPs, which alter amino acid compositions, were analyzed, showing a preference for polar over charged amino acids.CONCLUSIONThese differentially expressed genes were associated with various nutritional and developmental processes, highlighting the importance of genetic variations in shaping amino acid composition and potentially affecting protein function. This study is the first comprehensive exploration of transcriptional differences among Lentinula strains available for its cultivation, providing valuable insights to enhance mushroom quality and productivity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis and Perinatal Outcome of Polydactyly
Authors: Xiong Xiaowei , Hou Chenxiao , Song Shijing , Lei Wenjia , Wang Jingjing , Wu Qingqing 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the significance of polydactyly identified on prenatal ultrasonography and provide a detailed analysis of characteristics and perinatal outcomes of fetal polydactyly.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies with a postnatal diagnosis of fetal polydactyly between January 2016 and December 2023. The population was divided into 2 groups at postnatal diagnosis: the isolated polydactyly group and the nonisolated polydactyly group. Clinical data, prenatal ultrasonography, related genetic results, and postnatal outcomes were obtained.ResultsOur study cohort comprised 328 fetuses with polydactyly. The overall detection rate of polydactyly by prenatal ultrasound was 19.2%, and the first detection rate in the first‐, second‐, and third‐trimester were 0.9%, 14.6%, and 3.7%, respectively. Preaxial polydactyly (PPD) of hand was the most common type and the most common type of foot polydactyly was postaxial polydactyly (PAP) both in the isolated group and in the nonisolated group; the central polydactyly is rare. Syndactyly was the most common abnormality complicated with polydactyly. Between the nonpolydactyly group, the isolatedpolydactyly group and the nonisolated polydactyly group, there was a significant difference in perinatal outcome (P < .001).ConclusionThe second trimester is the best gestational age for prenatal ultrasound detection of polydactyly. Polydactyly of hand was more likely PPD, while polydactyly of foot was more likely PAP. When polydactyly is detected by routine prenatal ultrasound, detailed ultrasound examination and prenatal counseling should be performed to determine the possibility of an underlying genetic syndrome.
Ultrasound Microvessel Imaging of the Human Placenta Demonstrates Altered Vessel Densities in Fetal Growth Restriction With Vascular and Immune Pathologies
Authors: Lok U‐Wai , Scott Hannah M. , Tang Shanshan , Santos Janelle , Gong Ping , Huang Chengwu , Pone Karina A. , Nienow Michael K. , Ruka Krystal L. , Breutzman Emily N. , Cheek‐Norgan E. Heidi , Branda Megan E. , Ruano Rodrigo , Quintin Reade A. , Schenone Mauro H. , Chen Shigao , Enninga Elizabeth Ann L. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesFetal growth restriction (FGR) is commonly associated with placental dysfunction, increasing perinatal morbidity and mortality. Visualizing placental vessels in utero would be advantageous for identifying functional FGR cause and determining proper management strategies. We aimed to utilize high‐sensitivity ultrasound microvessel imaging (HUMI) for quantifying placental vessel density (VD) in pregnancies diagnosed with FGR.MethodsThis pilot case–control study enrolled subjects in the third trimester with a diagnosis of FGR (n = 40) and gestational age‐matched controls with normal fetal growth (n = 20) at a 2:1 ratio, respectively. The Verasonics Vantage ultrasound system was used to perform HUMI on each participant at one timepoint. Scanning involved randomized singular value decomposition‐based clutter filtering to identify the villous tree, followed by step‐by‐step scanning to acquire 3‐dimensional‐like data. Mean VD was calculated from three ultrasound measurements per subject. Additional clinical and pathology data were also collected and compared.ResultsSixteen participants were utilized to establish the scanning protocol and 2 met exclusion criteria at delivery. Thus, VD was successfully measured on 42 pregnancies scanned at 35 weeks 5 days on average. In FGR (n = 24), placental VD was significantly reduced compared to controls (P < .01). VD measures were as good at predicting FGR as systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratios (area under the curve 0.86 versus 0.80). In a smaller cohort, VD in placentas with a diagnosis of inflammatory villitis (n = 10) by histology showed an increase in VD compared to those without inflammation (P = .01). Low VD was correlated with increased S/D ratios (P = .03).ConclusionsHUMI is useful for identifying altered placental vascularization in utero for FGR. VD may be a valuable indicator for placental health and could lead to improved risk stratification methods considering underlying biology.
Reliability and Availability of the 2017 EULAR‐OMERACT Scoring System for Ultrasound Synovitis Assessment
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Zhuang Nan , Zhang Yusen , Lv Heng , Zhang Weiwei , Shen Yuzhou , Wu Wangjie , Tian Yun , Xie Lu , Zhou Gengmin , Luo Haiyu , Qiu Li , Sun Desheng , Xie Haiqin 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the availability and reliability of the European League Against Rheumatisms Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Synovitis (EULAR‐OMERACT) scoring system among radiologists with different levels of musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) experience in assessing synovitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodThe patients with RA were retrospectively recruited from January 2020 to March 2022. Five radiologists with different levels of US experience were recruited for the reader study (R1–5), which included two parts. The participating radiologists first read 120 gray‐scale (GS) and 120 Doppler US images twice, before and after a standard training program. In the first part, they semi‐quantitatively scored the images from 0 to 3 based on the EULAR‐OMERACT scoring system. In the second part, they read and scored 165 paired GS and Doppler images two times in 1 month using the EULAR‐OMERACT scoring system. The correlation between the sum of the GSUS and power Doppler US (PDUS) image scores and the clinical scores was assessed.ResultThe intra‐rater agreement of the five radiologists was good for the EULAR‐OMERACT scoring system, with κ ranging from 0.72 to 0.94 for GSUS and from 0.81 to 0.97 for PDUS. The inter‐rater agreement among the experts was good to very good in the EULAR‐OMERACT scoring system (κ: 0.76–0.94 for GSUS and 0.80–0.96 for PDUS). The sum of the GSUS and PDUS scores in the EULAR‐OMERACT scoring system was moderate to highly positively correlated with the clinical scores (ρ of GSUS: 0.58–0.79, ρ of PDUS: 0.57–0.70 for disease activity score in 28 joints C‐reactive protein) after training.ConclusionThe EULAR‐OMERACT scoring system is a reliable method for evaluating synovitis in RA and shows potential for disease assessment and follow‐up in patients with RA.
Providing Insight for Pediatric Ear Surgery: Analysis of Middle Ear Development via HRCT
Authors: Li Cenfei , Jiang Tao , Li Runhua , Gu Dantong , Xu Xinda , Zhang Fang , Li Wenyan 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesProviding insight for pediatric ear surgery via investigations on the development patterns of ossicles, mastoid, and external auditory canal (EAC).MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans of 191 healthy temporal bones ranging from infants to adults. Subjects were grouped by 1‐year intervals for developmental regression models and 3‐year intervals for stage comparisons using t‐tests or Mann–Whitney U tests.ResultsThe size of auditory ossicles and tympanic cavity (TC) remained stable during development, while the minimum diameter of the tympanic sinus (TS) entrance was reduced. Regarding mastoid pneumatization, the air cells can be observed at birth, became pronounced at 2 years old, and were fully developed around the age of 5, with subsequent growth primarily involving radial expansion. Furthermore, the EAC demonstrated significant growth with age: the width of EAC increased linearly ( = 0.12x + 4.01, R2 = 0.85), while the length of EAC followed a polynomial growth pattern ( = −0.03x2 + 1.15x + 6.25, R2 = 0.96).ConclusionsOssicles and TC remain stable during development. Furthermore, mastoid air cells may have developed in the early stages of life, while their diameter increases synchronously with EAC. All in all, ossicular chain reconstruction surgery and endoscopic ear surgery can be performed in babies.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 135:1199–1206, 2025
Brightening Blue Photoluminescence in Non‐Emission Phthalic Anhydride by Pressure‐Driven Molecular Reassembly
Authors: Wang Weibin , Wang Yixuan , Yuan Kaiyan , Yang Binhao , Yang Xinyi , Zou Bo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractConstructing organic materials with rigid‐planar molecules provides a unique platform for obtaining efficient photoluminescence (PL) by suppressing vibrational relaxation and extending the π‐conjugation. However, the presence of H‐aggregates/excimers resulting from interactions between π electrons and lone pairs during crystalization leads to aggregation‐caused quenching. Here, an alternative pressure‐treatment approach is presented for regulating molecular assembly to brighten rigid‐planar phthalic anhydride (PA) crystals with initial non‐emission. The pressure‐treated PA crystals exhibit significant blue‐light emission under ambient conditions, accompanied by a PL quantum yield of up to 15.7% and Commission International de I'Eclairage color coordinates of (0.20, 0.19). Detailed experiments and calculations reveal that pressure‐treated hydrogen bonds promote the planar rotation among PA molecules, which facilitates intermolecular π‐conjugation. This extended π‐conjugation alters the exciton relaxation channel, thereby triggering blue‐light emission based on charge transfer (CT) states. Remarkably, the obtained PA crystals also exhibit linear piezochromism (4.56 nm GPa−1) as a result of the structural sensitivity of the CT process. This work demonstrates the feasibility of regulating molecular assembly to achieve solid‐state emission in rigid‐planar molecules with initial non‐emission and opens up a new platform toward stimuli‐responsive crystalline materials.