bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Preoperative Oral Antibiotic Prophylaxis for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections in Patients With Crohn Disease
Authors: Uchino Motoi , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Bando Toshihiro , Chohno Teruhiro , Sasaki Hirofumi , Horio Yuki , Nakajima Kazuhiko , Takesue Yoshio 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
We investigated the efficacy of oral antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients undergoing surgery for Crohn disease.

Background:
Although oral antibiotic prophylaxis with mechanical bowel preparation has been recommended for colorectal surgery, the use of this approach remains somewhat controversial. Moreover, the efficacy of this approach for inflammatory bowel disease also remains unclear.

Methods:
This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial at the Hyogo College of Medicine. The study protocols were registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (000013369). In this study, 335 patients with Crohn disease who were scheduled to undergo intestinal resection with an open approach were randomly assigned to either group A or group B. The patients in group A received both preoperative oral antibiotics and intravenous antimicrobial prophylaxis, and intravenous antimicrobial prophylaxis alone was given to the patients in group B. All patients underwent preoperative mechanical bowel preparation with sodium picosulfate hydrate. The primary endpoint of this study was the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) according to an intention-to-treat analysis.

Results:
Although the incidences of overall and organ/space SSI were not significantly different, the incidence of incisional SSI was significantly lower in group A (12/163; 7.4%) than in group B (27/162; 16.6%) (P = 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, the absence of oral antibiotic prophylaxis was an independent risk factor for incisional SSI (odds ratio: 3.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.3–8.3; P = 0.01).

Conclusions:
Combined oral and intravenous antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients with Crohn disease contributed to the prevention of SSI.
Advances in managing and preventing thromboembolic disease in cancer patients
Authors: Maraveyas Anthony , Muazzam Iqtedar , Noble Simon , Bozas George 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
To update on new data for low-molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) and the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for the treatment and prevention of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), to discuss progress with the risk-adaptive management scores (RAMS) and update on increased dose primary thromboprophylaxis (IDPTP).

Recent findings
In a pooled meta-analysis of 1132 cancer patients who received DOACs vs. vitamin K analogues (VKAs), recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) was reduced from 6.0% on VKA schedules to 3.9% on DOACs. In a randomized trial of warfarin vs. once daily sc. tinzaparin (175 IU/kg), cumulative 6-month VTE incidence reduced from 10.5 to 7.2% [hazard ratio, 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.41–1.03); P = 0.07]. Despite early suggestions that DOACs may have a role in CAT, 3–6 months of LMWH remain the standard for initial treatment of CAT. A prospective comparison of RAMS found the Vienna CATS or the PROTECHT scores superior to the Khorana score but concluded that RAMS did not perform well enough to be used in the clinic. An efficacy scale of LMWHs in pancreatic cancer facilitates IDPTP. Practical implementation of IDPTP was needed to control the 40% VTE incidence of the HALO-109–202 study in metastatic pancreatic cancer.

Summary
DOACs have some encouraging data, but LMWHs remain the standard for CAT treatment. RAMS generated to predict VTE occurrence or recurrence are still of unproven significance and IDPTP for advanced pancreatic cancer has tools and guidance for implementation.
BoostMe accurately predicts DNA methylation values in whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of multiple human tissues
Authors: Zou Luli S. , Erdos Michael R. , Taylor D. Leland , Chines Peter S. , Varshney Arushi ,   The McDonnell Genome Institute, Parker Stephen C. J. , Collins Francis S. , Didion John P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBisulfite sequencing is widely employed to study the role of DNA methylation in disease; however, the data suffer from biases due to coverage depth variability. Here we describe BoostMe, a method for imputing low quality DNA methylation estimates within whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data. BoostMe uses a gradient boosting algorithm, XGBoost, and leverages information from multiple samples for prediction. We find that BoostMe outperforms existing algorithms in speed and accuracy when applied to WGBS of human tissues. We also show that imputation improves concordance between WGBS and the MethylationEPIC array at low WGBS depth, suggesting improved WGBS accuracy after imputation.
Stimulation of the final cell cycle in the stomatal lineage by the cyclin CYCD7;1 under regulation of the MYB transcription factor FOUR-LIPS
Authors: Patell Farah , Newman David , Lee Eunkyoung , Xie Zidian , Collins Carl , Grotewold Erich , Murray James A.H. , Dewitte Walter 
Published: October 2017

Abstract (180 words)Stomatal guard cells are formed through a sequence of asymmetric and symmetric divisions in the epidermis of the sporophyte of most land plants. We show that several D-type cyclins are consecutively activated in the stomatal linage in the epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana. Whereas CYCD2;1 and CYCD3;2 are activated in the meristemoids early in the lineage, CYCD7;1 is activated before the final division. CYCD7;1 expression peaks in the guard mother cell, where its transcription is modulated by the FOUR-LIPS/MYB88 transcription factor. FOUR-LIPS/MYB88 interacts with the CYCD7;1 promoter and represses CYCD7;1 transcription. CYCD7;1 stimulates the final symmetric division in the stomatal lineage, since guard cell formation is delayed in the cycd7;1 mutant epidermis and guard mother cell (GMC) divisions in four-lips mutant guard mother cells are limited by loss of function of CYCD7;1. Hence, the precise activation of a specific D-type cyclin, CYCD7;1, is required for correct timing of the last symmetric division that creates the stomatal guards cells, and CYCD7;1 expression is regulated by the FLP/MYB pathway that ensures cell cycle arrest in the stomatal guard cells.Summary StatementThe formation of paired guard cells in the epidermis of the Arabidopsis thaliana shoot, requires the activity of the D-type cyclin CYCD7;1 for the normal timing of the final division.
Learning-induced sequence reactivation during sharp-wave ripples: a computational study
Authors: Malerba Paola , Tsimring Katya , Bazhenov Maxim 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDuring sleep, memories formed during the day are consolidated in a dialogue between cortex and hippocampus. The reactivation of specific neural activity patterns – replay – during sleep has been observed in both structures and is hypothesized to represent a neuronal substrate of consolidation. In the hippocampus, replay happens during sharp wave – ripples (SWR), short bouts of excitatory activity in area CA3 which induce high frequency oscillations in area CA1. In particular, recordings of hippocampal cells which spike at a specific location (‘place cells’) show that recently learned trajectories are reactivated during SWR in the following sleep SWR. Despite the importance of sleep replay, its underlying neural mechanisms are still poorly understood.We developed a model of SWR activity, to study the effects of learning-induced synaptic changes on spontaneous sequence reactivation during SWR. The model implemented a paradigm including three epochs: Pre-sleep, learning and Post-sleep activity. We first tested the effects of learning on the hippocampal network activity through changes in a minimal number of synapses connecting selected pyramidal cells. We then introduced an explicit trajectory-learning task to the model, to obtain behavior-induced synaptic changes. The model revealed that the recently learned trajectory reactivates during sleep more often than other trajectories in the training field. The study predicts that the gain of reactivation rate during sleep following vs sleep preceding learning for a trained sequence of pyramidal cells depends on Pre-sleep activation of the same sequence, and on the amount of trajectory repetitions included in the training phase.
Visualization of ligand-induced transmembrane signalling in the full-length human insulin receptor
Authors: Gutmann Theresia , Kim Kelly H. , Grzybek Michal , Walz Thomas , Coskun Ünal 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTUsing glycosylated full-length human insulin receptor reconstituted into lipid nanodiscs, we show that insulin binding to the dimeric receptor converts its ectodomains from an inverted U-shaped to a T-shaped conformation. This unprecedented structural rearrangement of the ectodomains propagates to the transmembrane domains, which are well separated in the inactive conformation, but come together upon insulin binding, allowing autophosphorylation of the cytoplasmic kinase domains.
The mediating role of positive affect on the relationship between psychological empowerment and employee outcomes
Authors: Mostafa Ahmed Mohammed Sayed 
Published: October 2017

PurposeEven though the relationship between psychological empowerment and employee outcomes is well established, less is known about the mechanisms that underlie this relationship. Drawing on affective events theory and broaden-and-build theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine a mediation model in which psychological empowerment influences positive affect which in turn affects job satisfaction and work stress.Design/methodology/approachTwo-wave longitudinal data from a sample of Welsh local government workers (n=362) were used to test the hypothesized relationships by using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results indicate that psychological empowerment has a positive influence on positive affect. Furthermore, positive affect mediates the relationship between psychological empowerment and job satisfaction. However, it does not mediate the relationship between psychological empowerment and stress.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to empirically examine the mediating role of positive affect on the relationship between psychological empowerment and both job satisfaction and work stress.
Polaris India: riding ahead in an alternative market
Authors: Arora Soma 
Published: October 2017

Subject area
International Marketing, Marketing Strategy.

Study level/applicability
Postgraduate Programs.

Case overview
This case investigated the effectiveness of experiential marketing on Indian customers and how it can be used to bring about significant positive change to the perception of a brand and its brand promise in emerging markets. Polaris India was a wholly owned subsidiary of Polaris Industries USA Inc. it was founded in India in 2011 with Mr Pallav Dubey as Head of the organization. Polaris specialized in building world class off road vehicles (ORVs) and was a global leader in the same. India did not have a ready-made market for ORVs as such. Mr Dubey was entrusted with the task of creating a market for the product and successfully sell it in the Indian market. There was no production facility in India and all the products were imported as Completely Built Unit (CBU) from US-based production facilities. Mr Dubey tried different communication adaptation methods using traditional styles of marketing which gave limited success. However, the concept of Polaris experience zones, which used the concept of experiential marketing was a hit and started yielding returns. The case study provided an opportunity to explore the reasons behind the success of Polaris India despite having a product whose price was affected by currency fluctuations, a product which was majorly used in agricultural areas in USA but was perceived as a premium product in emerging markets. The case also looked into the question of product adaptation and communication adaptation for successfully selling a product in the global market especially in emerging markets. The role of the chief protagonist Pallav, his contribution to the previous stints at different organizations and the role of a leader in this scenario has been brought to the forefront.

Expected learning outcomes
The case is expected to deliver answers to the following questions in an effective manner: How to price a product effectively in the International Market? What is Experiential Marketing? How is International Marketing strategy different in an emerging market?

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code:
CSS 8: Marketing.
Magnetism of WhatsApp among veterinary students
Authors: Malhotra Dhiraj Kumar , Bansal Sonia 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Instant messaging (IM) apps like WhatsApp have given an impetus to rapid sharing of information through multimedia messages in this information age and their clear impact has been noticed in the academic sector. The present study is conducted with the aim to understand the magnetism of WhatsApp among veterinary students. The major purpose of the study is to analyse the use of WhatsApp for academic proposes with a special emphasis on its impact on studies.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from students of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU) using questionnaires as a tool. Questionnaires were randomly distributed among 100 postgraduate (PG) and 100 undergraduate (UG) students. In total, 78 PG and 77 UG students responded to the survey.

Findings
More than 90 per cent of the students were using WhatsApp for academic purposes. More UG students were using WhatsApp to chat, share images/videos and so forth for academic purposes as compared to PG students. Nearly two-thirds of the students admitted that addiction to using WhatsApp diverted attention from doing any other kind of activity. More than 75 per cent of the users were using WhatsApp while studying at their home or hostel. About 28 per cent of the students said that the use of WhatsApp had affected their studies, and more than 60 per cent of these students noticed a positive effect.

Originality/value
WhatsApp increases knowledge sharing, leading to enhanced creativity. Thus, WhatsApp can contribute significantly to the academic community by users consciously controlling its use and not allowing its addictive nature to divert attention from their studies.
Assessment of global law and psychiatry research in the period of 1993-2012
Authors: Lv Hong 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of the present study is to analyze highly cited articles and global research emphases and trends of law and psychiatry (L&P) research during the period of 1993 to 2012 from the Web of Science (WOS) database. Besides the analysis of highly cited articles to learn about the classic articles and intellectual base of the L&P research domain, an attempt is made to detect research emphases and trends of the study field.

Design/methodology/approach
The present study applies quantitative analyses of citations of scientific publications to find highly cited articles and summarizes research hotspots and trends on L&P research articles from WOS during 1993-2012 using statistical analysis of words in titles, KeyWords Plus, author keywords and co-keywords.

Findings
The top 21 highly cited articles of research on L&P were found; most of the highly cited papers used survey research to measure patterns of violence of psychiatric patients. This present study identified forensic psychiatry, mental health and criminal offenders were the continuing mainstream topics in the L&P field and risk assessment, risk factors and risk management of violent behavior, legislation for sexual offences, mental health courts, recidivism and expert testimony were recent research emphases and trends of the study field. On the contrary, psychiatric hospitalization, psychiatrist-patient, community and services were not mainstream topics in the study field and were of decreasing importance and popularity in L&P research. Additionally, the topics of violent behavior and risk assessment have developed to a significant subgroup of L&P research. Finally, research emphases and trends in the L&P field were found based on the co-keywords cluster map and density map.

Originality/value
This is the first study to quantify and detect research emphases and trends in L&P from the WOS during 1993-2012, which may provide the groundwork for future studies of the L&P research domain, and offer some important suggestions and implications for professional researchers, specialists, publications’ editors and public policy makers concerned with the domain.
The influence of organizational culture on the performance of employees at University of Mercu Buana
Authors: Pawirosumarto Suharno , Setyadi Antonius , Khumaedi Evawati 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The pupose of this paper was to determine the influence of organizational culture on the performance of employees.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was carried out on non-lecturer employees at the University of Mercu Buana with a population amounted to 148 people. Sixty respondents were chosen as samples, determined through proportional random sampling. The analytical tool used was SPSS version 22.

Findings
The results show that that there is a significant influence in partial engagement and mission on the performance of non-lecturer employees. On the contrary, two variables, consistency and adaptability, partially do not have significant influence on the performance of employees at the University of Mercu Buana. Simultaneous testing on variables, namely, involvement, consistency, adaptability and mission, has significant influence on the employee’s performance.

Originality/value
The results of the study indicate that consistency and adaptability do not have any influence on the employees’ work performance in the context of higher education institution.
Institutional structures and the strength of investor confidence in Africa
Authors: Agyemang Otuo Serebour , Kyeraa Millicent , Ansong Abraham , Frimpong Siaw 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the role of country-level institutional structures in strengthening the level of investor confidence in Africa while controlling for real GDP growth, interest rate spread, inflation and country credit rating.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses panel data for the period 2009-2013. It takes into account the rule of law, political stability, regulatory quality, voice and accountability, control of corruption and property rights as potential institutional drivers of the level of investor confidence. These factors are based on their relative relevance from the extant literature. Correlated panels-corrected standard errors model was used to establish the relationship between the institutional structures and the strength of investor confidence.FindingsThe overall results show that rule of law, voice and accountability, property rights and political stability exhibit significant positive relationship with the strength of investor confidence in African economies. This implies that asking African economies to strengthen these institutional structures will result in enhanced investor confidence in their economies. This suggests that the establishment of these institutional structures is an effective tool to enhance investor confidence in African economies.Practical implicationsIn addition to the long-term goal of promoting economic reforms, a corresponding long-term goal of strengthening institutional structures in African economies should be taken into consideration. Instead of waiting for their economic reforms to take effect, governments in African countries can, to some degree, attract investors into their economies by establishing credible institutional structures.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the knowledge on how country-level institutional structures influence the level of investor confidence in the context of Africa.
Implementation of Javanese traditional value in creating the accountable corporate social responsibility
Authors: Pujiyono  , Wiwoho Jamal , Sutopo Wahyudi 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to provide an overview of existing condition, rules and implementation of CSR and create harmony models of corporate social responsibility (CSR) between regulation, Javanese culture values and universal principles, to fill the lack of CSR regulation in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on sociology legal research. The regulations and principles have been studied by using the approach of law and social sciences. That characteristic is descriptive evaluative. The primary data are taken from interview with the senior source relations of PT Pertamina Hulu Energi (PHE) in Jakarta, President Director of PT Rosalia Indah Group in Surakarta and Your Honour Prince of Surakarta Hanadiningrat Kingdom. Secondary data are obtained from the review of the literatures pertaining to the material. Secondary data consist of legal materials such as regulations, books, papers and other references. Data analysis technique use theoretical interpretative.FindingsCSR is implemented by company only for lifting the image. CSR fund allocation is still a company’s secret, and it becomes evidence of the lack of transparency for companies to manage and provide social cost to society. It can also be found that some companies collect donations from the public for disaster relief, but in the distribution of aid, they use the name of a CSR company. There is polarization in the implementation of CSR. A government- owned company is already bound by the provisions of the Regulation of the Minister of state-owned enterprises.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper discusses the CSR implementation in Indonesia and it creates a model of accountability of CSR to fill the legal vacuum that occurs at this time. This paper formulates a good relation between traditional Javanese value, government regulations and universal CSR principle.Practical implicationsThere remains a mismatch between the Javanese values of philosophy with the positive regulatory norms that result in the implementation of CSR only to meet the requirements of the positive regulatory norm and ignore the obligations involved and to aid the prosperity of the public society.Social implicationsCommunities around a company have not been able to enjoy the advantages of the company. Communities should fight for their own lives without being dependent on or being supported by a company’s existence.Originality/valueThis research combines the Javanese values with the positive legal regulations in the implementation of CSR in Indonesia. This research has not been conducted by the others. This research will provides benefits on the idea of imposing sanctions on the non-implementation of CSR, not only through positive legal regulations but also through social sanctions embodied in the Javanese values.