bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISCREPANCY BOUNDS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF RANKIN–SELBERG L-FUNCTIONS
Authors: PENG XIAO 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigate the discrepancy between the distributions of the random variable
$\log L (\sigma , f \times f, X)$
and that of
$\log L(\sigma +it, f \times f)$
, that is,
$$ \begin{align*} D_{\sigma} (T) := \sup_{\mathcal{R}} |\mathbb{P}_T(\log L(\sigma+it, f \times f) \in \mathcal{R}) - \mathbb{P}(\log L(\sigma, f \times f, X) \in \mathcal{R})|, \end{align*} $$
where the supremum is taken over rectangles
$\mathcal {R}$
with sides parallel to the coordinate axes. For fixed
$T>3$
and
$2/3 <\sigma _0 < \sigma < 1$
, we prove that
$$ \begin{align*} D_{\sigma} (T) \ll \frac{1}{(\log T)^{\sigma}}. \end{align*} $$
The concentration of hemoglobin is associated with the dietary iron availability, food insecurity and the use of oral contraceptives among women in socially vulnerable areas of a capital city in northeastern Brazil
Authors: dos Santos Thays Lane Ferreira , Ataide Terezinha da Rocha , De Carli Eduardo , Bueno Nassib Bezerra , Bádue Gabriel Soares , Florêncio Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo , Silva-Neto Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to assess hemoglobin concentration and its association with oral contraceptive (OC) use, food insecurity (FI) and dietary iron availability (DIA) in adult women of reproductive age (20–44 years). This is a population-based cross-sectional study that analysed 505 women living in favelas and urban communities in a capital city in northeastern Brazil. Hemoglobin concentration was determined using capillary blood samples. FI and DIA were assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale and the 24-h food recall, respectively. Association analysis was carried out using logistic regression. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was designed to illustrate the causal paths between hemoglobin concentration and DIA. A significance level of 5 % was adopted. Low hemoglobin concentrations (11·2 g/dl: (1·79)) and a high prevalence of anaemia (64·0 %) were observed; 28·7 % used OC (28·7 %) and 76·4 % were in FI. An average energetic intake of 1495 kcal/d (482·0) and 0·46 mg/d (0·27) of DIA were also observed. In the DAG-guided multivariable analysis, it was observed that hemoglobin concentrations ≥ 12 mg/dl were directly associated with higher DIA (OR: 1·67; 95 % CI (1. 08, 2·59)) and OC use (OR: 1·67; 95 % CI (1·10, 2·55)) and inversely associated with mild FI (OR: 0·60; 95 % CI (0·37, 0·96)) or severe FI (OR: 0·37; 95 % CI: (0·18, 0·76)). Women taking OC and with a higher DIA were less likely to have low hemoglobin concentrations, while those in the context of FI were in the opposite situation.
Unveiling symbiotic bacterial communities in insects feeding on the latex-rich plant Ficus microcarpa
Authors: Naveed Waleed Afzal , Liu Qian , Lu Congcong , Huang Xiaolei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe diversity and health of insects that feed on plants are closely related to their mutualistic symbionts and host plants. These symbiotic partners significantly influence various metabolic activities in these insects. However, the symbiotic bacterial community of toxic plant feeders still needs further characterisation. This study aims to unravel bacterial communities associated with the different species of insect representing three insect orders: Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera, along with their predicted functional role, which exclusively feeds on latex-rich plant species Ficus microcarpa. By using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, the analysis was able to define the major alignment of the bacterial population, primarily comprising Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and Acidobacteriota. Significant differences in symbiotic organisms between three insect groups were discovered by the study: hemipterans had Burkholderia and Buchnera, and lepidopterans had Acinetobacter. At the same time, Pseudomonas was detected in high abundance in both lepidopteran and thysanopteran insects. Furthermore, these symbionts exhibit consistent core functions, potentially explaining how different insects can consume the same host plant. The identified core functions of symbionts open avenues for innovative approaches in utilising these relationships to develop environment-friendly solutions for pest control, with broader implications for agriculture and environmental conservation.
Preparing early economic evaluations for the development and management of health service interventions
Authors: Partington Andrew , Crotty Maria , Laver Kate , Greene Leanne , Haji Ali Afzali Hossein , Karnon Jonathan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We draw from the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) literature to propose how hospitals and local health networks can prepare the key components of early economic evaluations to support the development and management of health service interventions.

Methods
Using the case example of a proposed intervention for older people in the Emergency Department (ED), a conceptual logic model of a new health service intervention is articulated to inform the structuring and population of a decision-analytic model using observed data on the existing care comparator and structured elicitation exercise of initial stakeholder expectations of intervention effects.

Results
The elicited patient pathway probabilities and lengths of stay quantities profile which of the existing types of patients are expected to avoid the ED and how this impacts the lengths of stay across the system. The exercise also quantifies the stakeholders’ uncertainty and disagreement, with qualitative insights into why. The elicitation exercise participants draw upon the rationale for how the intervention is expected to affect a change within the local context, as captured within the logic model, together with the descriptive analyses of the characteristics and utilization of their target population. Feedback indicates the methods are acceptably robust yet pragmatic enough for healthcare delivery settings.

Conclusions
As proposed in this paper, HTA methods can be used to capture how key stakeholders initially expect a service intervention to affect a change within their local context. The example results can be used in a decision-analytic model to guide the development and management of an intervention.
A note on allowing state bankruptcy
Authors: Deng Minjie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
U.S. states are sovereign entities and can’t declare bankruptcy as cities and municipalities. This paper examines the impact of a switch in sovereign bankruptcy rules that allows declaring bankruptcy from an economics model perspective. Allowing bankruptcy increases ex-ante risks for the government to refuse repayment, but provides ex-post benefits of reducing default costs and saving federal bailouts. This paper provides a simple framework to analyze this tradeoff. Event analysis shows that an unexpected switch in bankruptcy rules that allows for bankruptcy would decrease government debt-to-GDP ratio by 9.2 percentage points, increase consumption by 0.69 percent, but increase spread by 1.1 percentage points.
Nutritional value and environmental aspects of high-protein ultra-processed foods on the German market
Authors: Koop Jana , Fedde Svenja , Hägele Franziska A , Beunink Christina , Müller Manfred J , Bosy-Westphal Anja 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To compare nutritional value and aspects with environmental impact of high-protein (HP) and ‘normal-protein’ (NP) ultra-processed foods (UPF).

Design:
299 HP and 286 NP products were evaluated regarding aspects of nutritional value, energy density, Nutri-Score, number of additives as well as hyper-palatability and price. Environmental impact of HP UPF was addressed by analysing protein sources and the use of environmentally persistent non-nutritive artificial sweeteners.

Setting:
Cross-sectional market analysis in German supermarkets and online shops.

Participants:
299 HP and 286 NP UPF products.

Results:
HP compared to NP UPF had a lower energy density, a lower content of sugar, total and saturated fat, whereas fibre and protein content (62·2 % animal protein) were higher (all P < 0·001). HP products therefore had a higher prevalence of Nutri-Score A (67·2 % v. 21·7 %) and a lower prevalence of Nutri-Score E (0·3 % v. 11·2 %) labelling (both P < 0·001). By contrast, salt content and the number of additives (environmentally persistent sweeteners, sugar alcohols, flavourings) were higher in HP compared to NP UPF (P < 0·001). When compared to HP products, twice as many NP were identified as hyper-palatable (82·5 % v. 40·5 %; P < 0·001). The price of HP was on average 132 % higher compared to NP UPF (P < 0·001).

Conclusions:
While major adverse aspects of UPF regarding nutritional profile and hyper-palatability are less pronounced in HP compared to NP products, higher salt content, increased number of additives and negative environmental effects from frequent use of animal protein and environmentally persistent sweeteners are major drawbacks of HP UPF.
A qualitative exploration of Gestalt therapy and systemic pedagogy paediatric primary healthcare consultations in Agramunt (Spain)
Authors: Pujol Puyané Teresa , Medina-Perucha Laura , López-Jiménez Tomàs , Berenguera Anna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Gestalt therapy (GT) and systemic pedagogy (SP) are useful tools to approach emotional difficulties and mental health problems among children and adolescents. The main objective of this study was to explore the perceptions on GT and SP techniques in paediatric mental health-related consultations in a primary healthcare (PHC) centre in Catalonia in 2018–2019, among families, healthcare, and education professionals.

Methods:
Qualitative study, combining semi-structured interviews with families (N = 42) and professionals (N = 15), conducted after a series paediatric PHC consultations including GT and SP techniques. Interviews lasted between 15 and 90 min and were conducted at the PHC centre where GT/SP consultations took place, and at professionals’ workplaces. Socio-demographics, reasons for consultation, and quantitative ratings on the perceived effectiveness of GT/SP consultations were also collected to combine these data with the qualitative interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively using thematic analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed by calculating frequencies (percentages) for categorical variables, and means, medians, and ranges for continuous variables.

Results:
Narratives from families and healthcare professionals indicate that GT/SP consultations might have been effective in improving children and adolescents’ symptomatology and emotional health. Improved well-being within the family context was another main finding, based on families’ perceptions and experiences. Besides, GT/SP were considered acceptable for approaching emotional and mental health in PHC services, although barriers for implementation were identified.

Conclusions:
This study presents data on the potential usefulness of GT/SP to design and implement services that promote emotional and mental health among children and adolescents in PHC. Also, for the development of health policies and future research in this area.
A 14,000‐Year Sediment Record of Mercury Accumulation and Isotopic Signatures From Lake Malaya Chabyda (Siberia)
Authors: Hughes‐Allen Lara , Bouchard Frédéric , Biskaborn Boris K. , Cardelli Sahara , Subetto Dmitry A. , Laffont Laure , Sonke Jeroen E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEurasian permafrost soils contain large amounts of organic carbon (OC) and mercury (Hg), sequestered by vegetation during past and present interglacial periods. Lake sediment archives may help understand past OC and Hg dynamics and how they interact with climate‐related variables. We investigated Hg accumulation, OC dynamics, and Hg and OC stable isotopes in a 14,000‐year sediment record from Lake Malaya Chabyda (Central Yakutia, Russia). Sediment Hg was correlated to OC (p value < 0.01), with lower OC and Hg accumulation rates (OCAR, HgAR) during the cold Younger Dryas (YD, 12,900–11,700 cal BP), when the lake level was low. Elevated sediment Δ200Hg (0.05‰ ± 0.11‰), representing dominant HgII deposition, and low δ13C, indicates low lake primary productivity during the YD. During the early Holocene, Δ200Hg and Δ199Hg decreased, while δ13C, δ202Hg, OCAR, and HgAR increased, suggesting enhanced algal primary productivity in deeper, more turbid waters. From 4,100 cal BP to present, Hg/OC ratios and HgAR increased at constant OCAR, indicating an additional Hg source to the lake. Analysis of Hg isotopes suggests direct Hg0 uptake into lake waters, potentially driven by primary production and efficient Hg burial. Our observations suggest that the gradual climate warming since the Last Glacial Termination and into the early Holocene led to enhanced OC and Hg burial in northern lakes and watersheds. Late Holocene enhanced Hg burial, but not OC, is possibly related to a renewed increase in lake primary productivity. Continued global warming may lead to further Hg sequestration in northern aquatic ecosystems.
DiffESM: Conditional Emulation of Temperature and Precipitation in Earth System Models With 3D Diffusion Models
Authors: Bassetti Seth , Hutchinson Brian , Tebaldi Claudia , Kravitz Ben 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEarth system models (ESMs) are essential for understanding the interaction between human activities and the Earth's climate. However, the computational demands of ESMs often limit the number of simulations that can be run, hindering the robust analysis of risks associated with extreme weather events. While low‐cost climate emulators have emerged as an alternative to emulate ESMs and enable rapid analysis of future climate, many of these emulators only provide output on at most a monthly frequency. This temporal resolution is insufficient for analyzing events that require daily characterization, such as heat waves or heavy precipitation. We propose using diffusion models, a class of generative deep learning models, to effectively downscale ESM output from a monthly to a daily frequency. Trained on a handful of ESM realizations, reflecting a wide range of radiative forcings, our DiffESM model takes monthly mean precipitation or temperature as input, and is capable of producing daily values with statistical characteristics close to ESM output. Combined with a low‐cost emulator providing monthly means, this approach requires only a small fraction of the computational resources needed to run a large ensemble. We evaluate model behavior using a number of extreme metrics, showing that DiffESM closely matches the spatio‐temporal behavior of the ESM output it emulates in terms of the frequency and spatial characteristics of phenomena such as heat waves, dry spells, or rainfall intensity.
Influence of Initial Proton Energy on the Nonlinear Interactions Between Ring Current Protons and He+ Band EMIC Waves
Authors: Zhou Su , Cai Yongzhi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe energy of ring current protons is believed to influence the pitch angle scattering due to electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and is typically analyzed using quasi‐linear theory. However, nonlinear behavior becomes significant as the wave amplitude intensifies. In this study, we aim to explore how the nonlinear behavior depends on the initial proton energy under various background plasma density conditions. The frequency of EMIC waves is 0.96ΩHe (where ΩHe is the gyrofrequency of He+ at the equator). It is found that the higher energy protons with nonlinear phase trapping experience more resonances, causing these trapped protons to move away from the loss cone more quickly compared to lower energy protons. However, the proportion of phase‐trapped protons significantly decreases as the initial proton energy increases. This declining trend is more pronounced for a background plasma condition in the plasmapause than within the plasmasphere. The number of phase‐trapped protons goes to zero as initial proton energy increases to above approximately 60 keV. Additionally, nonlinear phase bunching is more pronounced for lower energy protons (e.g., below 60 keV) compared to higher energy protons. As a result, both nonlinear phase trapping and phase bunching contribute to larger standard deviations in the net changes of equatorial pitch angle (Δαeq), suggesting a larger pitch agnel diffusion coefficient compared to the prediction of quasi‐linear theory.
Atmospheric Microplastics Emission Source Potentials and Deposition Patterns in Semi‐Arid Croplands of Northern China
Authors: Long Xin , Zhang Shuang , Huang Dasheng , Chang Chunping , Peng Chao , Liu Kai , Wang Kai , Liu Xuejun , Fu Tzung‐May , Han Yan , Li Pengcheng , Han Yongming , Cao Junji , Li Xueke , Guo Zhongling , Chen Yang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFrequent wind erosion events in semi‐arid regions can lead to significant atmospheric microplastic (MP) emissions from croplands. We examine observed and predicted characteristics of atmospheric MPs over cropland in Northern China. Measurements showed that fibers were the predominant morphology, accounting for 69% of the 198 observed MPs. The observed atmospheric MP abundance varied widely, averaging 0.088 # m−3 in the absence of air masses passing through near‐surface croplands and increasing significantly to 0.26 # m−3 when such air masses were present. The predictions of deposition flux for atmospheric MPs over croplands indicated a spatial variation ranging from less than 0.5 g km−2 day−1 in the north to over 15 g km−2 day−1 in the south, corresponding to an average of approximately 13.3 g km−2 day−1. Our findings highlight the dual role of surface soil as both a potential source and sink of atmospheric MPs, underscoring the need for further research on the regional dynamics of wind‐driven MP emissions and their associated ecosystem health risks in semi‐arid croplands.
A Machine Learning Zircon Trace Element Tool to Predict Porphyry Deposit Type and Resource Size
Authors: Wen Zi‐Hao , Xu Bo , Kirkland Christopher L. , Lentz David R. , Hou Zeng‐Qian , Wang Tao , Yuan Mao‐Wen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPorphyry deposits are primarily known for their association with base metals like copper and to some extent molybdenum and gold. Here we present machine learning models, based on zircon composition, that provide quantitative distinction between different deposit types and resource sizes. Using a global zircon compositional database for different porphyry deposits (9,649 samples), we trained several machine learning models. A porphyry deposit type model (PDT model) was developed using XGBoost, which distinguishes between barren, Cu, and Mo bearing deposits. Furthermore, porphyry Cu and Mo reserve models (Porphyry Cu Reserve [PCR] and Porphyry Mo Reserve [PMR] model) were also developed using XGBoost and LightGBM, respectively, to give prediction of resource size in unexplored area. F1‐scores for the models are 0.97, 0.91, and 0.82. The model‐built feature importance and Shapley Additive exPlanations values imply that (EuN/EuN*)/Y, Th/U, Th/U and Ce are important in the PDT model, Ti, T (°C), U, and Hf are important for the PCR model, and Hf, U, Th/U, and EuN/EuN* are important for the PMR model. From a mineral system perspective, the three models imply that water, temperature, and magma evolution are pivotal to the type of deposits that forms. Temperature and magma evolution in particular are important in prediction of Cu and Mo resource size. Application of models to the Wunugetushan deposit gives ore type and resource predictions that are consistent with known deposit occurrence and geochemistry. These findings suggest that machine learning models may not only assist in understanding the main geological processes linked to porphyry mineralization, but also have application in reducing exploration risk.
Extending GLUE With Multilevel Methods to Accelerate Statistical Inversion of Hydrological Models
Authors: Rudolph Max Gustav , Wöhling Thomas , Wagener Thorsten , Hartmann Andreas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInverse problems aim at determining model parameters that produce observed data to subsequently understand, predict or manage hydrological or other environmental systems. While statistical inversion is especially popular, its sampling‐based nature often inhibits its application to computationally costly models, which has compromised the use of the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) methodology, for example, for spatially distributed (partial) differential equation based models. In this study we introduce multilevel GLUE (MLGLUE), which alleviates the computational burden of statistical inversion by utilizing a hierarchy of model resolutions. Inspired by multilevel Monte Carlo, most parameter samples are evaluated on lower levels with computationally cheap low‐resolution models and only samples associated with a likelihood above a certain threshold are subsequently passed to higher levels with costly high‐resolution models for evaluation. Inferences are made at the level of the highest‐resolution model but substantial computational savings are achieved by discarding samples with low likelihood already on levels with low resolution and low computational cost. Two example inverse problems, using a rainfall‐runoff model and groundwater flow model, demonstrate the substantially increased computational efficiency of MLGLUE compared to GLUE as well as the similarity of inversion results. Findings are furthermore compared to inversion results from Markov‐chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and multilevel delayed acceptance MCMC, a corresponding multilevel variant, to compare the effects of the multilevel extension. All examples demonstrate the wide‐range suitability of the approach and include guidelines for practical applications.
Substrate engagement by the intramembrane metalloprotease SpoIVFB
Authors: Orlando Melanie A. , Pouillon Hunter J. T. , Mandal Saikat , Kroos Lee , Orlando Benjamin J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractS2P intramembrane metalloproteases regulate diverse signaling pathways across all three domains of life. However, the mechanism by which S2P metalloproteases engage substrates and catalyze peptide hydrolysis within lipid membranes has remained elusive. Here we determine the cryo-EM structure of the S2P family intramembrane metalloprotease SpoIVFB from Bacillus subtilis bound to its native substrate Pro-σK. The structure and accompanying biochemical data demonstrate that SpoIVFB positions Pro-σK at the enzyme active site through a β-sheet augmentation mechanism, and reveal key interactions between Pro-σK and the interdomain linker connecting SpoIVFB transmembrane and CBS domains. The cryo-EM structure and molecular dynamics simulation reveal a plausible path for water to access the membrane-buried active site of SpoIVFB, and suggest a possible role of membrane lipids in facilitating substrate capture. These results provide key insight into how S2P intramembrane metalloproteases capture and position substrates for hydrolytic proteolysis within the hydrophobic interior of a lipid membrane.