bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Nurse-Driven Inhaler Education on Inhaler Proficiency and Compliance Among Obstructive Lung Disease Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Al-Kalaldeh Mahmoud , El-Rahman Mona Abd , El-Ata Amal 
Published: July 2017

Background Health education on proper inhaler usage is the most feasible and accessible strategy to increase inhaler effectiveness. Purpose To assess the impact of nurse-driven inhaler education on the compliance and proficiency of using inhalers among inhaler users. Methods This single-center, quasi-experimental study included the implementation of an individualized 60-min educational session on inhalers use. Health education and pretest and posttest outcomes were assessed by the Inhaler Proficiency Schedule and Patient Reported Behaviour tools. Results One hundred and twenty-one participants joined the study. At pretest, participants showed inadequate knowledge of general inhaler use. No previous training had been received by participants and difficulty with use and complications from using the inhalers were reported. At posttest, participants reported improvement in inhaler proficiency scores from 5.72 to 8.60 ( t = 17.99, df = 220, p < 0.001). Likewise, they showed a significant reduction towards the noncompliant behaviors from 15.21 to 11.19 ( t = 16.388, df = 238, p < 0.001). Conclusions Nurse-driven inhaler education yielded positive outcomes in both inhaler proficiency and compliance. The patients' assessment of using inhalers is crucial to determine the patients' educational deficits.
D'Amiens à Québec : Les jalons d'une aventure à poursuivre
Authors: Avargues Marie-Christine , Bourdages Josée , Lorenzo Philippe , Potvin Louise 
Published: July 2017

D'Amiens à Québec, les deux premiers colloques sur les programmes locaux et régionaux de santé ont ouvert la route à un nouveau paradigme pour la santé publique. Partager les expériences de terrain pour penser autrement les pratiques. Créer des passerelles entre les champs de la promotion, de la prévention, des soins et de l'insertion, entre les niveaux d'action et de décision, entre les acteurs d'horizon divers. Les défis ont été relevés, Amiens en octobre 2001, Québec, trois ans plus tard. Reste à poursuivre et enrichir les échanges sur un plan international en renforçant la francophonie, en capitalisant les approches et les outils, en mobilisant de nouveaux partenaires. Rendez-vous est donné pour cette nouvelle phase de l'aventure en marche vers un troisième colloque. From Amiens to Quebec: the first milestones of an on-going adventure The first two international conferences on local and regional health programmes held in Amiens and Quebec have paved the road for a new public health paradigm. The conferences have served to share experiences from the field to re-think practice and create bridges between health promotion, prevention, care and integration at both the action and decision levels, and amongst diverse actors from the field. The challenges have been put forth, in Amiens in 2001 and in Quebec three years later. The next step is to pursue and enrich these exchanges at the international level reinforcing the Francophone position by capitalising on approaches and tools, and mobilising new partners. The next rendezvous for this on-going adventure is set for the third conference.
An Evaluation of the Quality of Pharmaceutical Care: A Study of the Pharmacist's Compounding Behavior
Authors: Temple Thomas R. , Nelson Arthur A. 
Published: July 2017

Governmental legislative activity concerning medical care audits has focused the attention of pharmacists on the issue of quality of care being delivered by the pharmacy practitioner. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacist's services when prescriptions require his compounding skills. A trained shopper presented 50 randomly selected, independent and chain community pharmacists with an authentic prescription requiring compounding. The inscription specified salicylic acid 10 percent in petrolatum. Upon receipt of the finished product the medications were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed to determine the salicylic acid content. A practitioner-educator panel further evaluated each product for appropriateness in labeling and pharmaceutical elegance. The results of the visits found nine pharmacists who refused to compound the prescription. The probability of securing the medication was greater in nonmass merchandising pharmacies. The assays found one product which contained acetylsalicylic acid instead of the prescribed chemical. Fewer than one-fourth of the remaining products were within a ±5 percent error in the quantity of salicylic acid prescribed. The data were further analyzed to determine relationships between the accuracy with which the medications were prepared and (1) the practice setting patronized, (2) the physical appearance of the products, and (3) the price charged for the medication. No significant differences were found in each analysis. The results suggest that more emphasis should be placed on the importance of compounding accuracy by practitioners.
Structuring Clinical Pharmacy Residencies to Provide Future Patient Drug Therapy Needs
Authors: McLeod Don C. 
Published: July 2017

There are currently several types of pharmacy residency offered in the U.S. Some are largely administrative in nature, some are largely oriented toward drug distribution activities and a few more are appropriately termed clinical pharmacy residencies. The pharmacy practice objectives at The Buffalo General Hospital are based around insuring rational and safe patient drug therapy. One objective is to realize maximal pharmacist efficiency in managing drug use control so that every pharmacist can have a clinical practice with considerable educational opportunity. Another objective is to put maximal responsibility with each professional staff member. The clinical pharmacy residency is an integral part of the provision of total departmental services. The main objectives of the residency are to insure that the resident has a firm foundation in advanced therapeutics, that he can apply this knowledge for the benefit of the patient in a variety of situations and that he can function as an integral part of the pharmacy department. Each resident spends four months in general medicine, two months in intensive care services, one month in medical ambulatory services, two months in drug information services, two months in research and specialty study and one month in administration. The residents share basic responsibilities with the professional staff. This clinically-based residency should be the general residency of the future.
Comparison of Psychotropic Agent use among Rural Elderly Caregivers and Noncaregivers
Authors: Mort Jane R , Gaspar Phyllis M , Juffer Debra I , Kovarna Mary B 
Published: July 2017

Objective To determine the prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) psychotropic medication and social drug (alcohol and caffeine) use patterns of community-based elderly caregivers of patients with dementia and elderly noncaregivers. Design Cross-sectional study design in which characteristics of psychotropic medication and social drug use were collected including the specific agent, frequency, dose, and reason for use. Setting A rural, sparsely populated agricultural area in the midwest region of the US. Sample Thirty elderly caregivers of patients with dementia were recruited through a public health agency and homemaker health aid service. Thirty elderly noncaregivers were recruited through the senior citizens center in a neighboring rural community. Data were collected by interview. Results A significantly greater number of caregivers used OTC psychotropic agents (43%) than did noncaregivers (3%; p < 0.001). In all cases these agents were used for sleep. The combined number of caregivers using prescription and OTC psychotropic products (63%) also achieved statistical significance compared with the control group (10%; p < 0.001). Caffeine was used by all members of both groups and alcohol was consumed by eight caregivers and seven noncaregivers. Conclusions A greater percentage of rural caregivers of patients with dementia in this study took psychotropic agents compared with the noncaregiver group. OTC products for sleep were the most frequently used agents.
Pilot Performance during Flight Simulation with Peripherally Presented Visual Signals
Authors: Schwank Jock C. H. , Bermudez John M. , Smith Bruce A. , Harris Dickie A. 
Published: July 2017

The increasing complexity of modern aircraft systems places a substantial information processing load on the pilot. This complexity has created a need for alternative methods of non-obtrusive instrument displays. Recent studies indicate dual, independent systems for focal and peripheral vision. In view of non-conscience processing by the far periphery, it follows that the far peripheral visual field would be a possible location for alternate instrument displays. This report is a culmination of two experiments, involving 48 male pilot trainees, that investigated the effectiveness of 3 types of instrument displays during flight in a GAT-1 simulator. Both experiments showed that there was no decrement in pilot performance during a complex instrument maneuver, involving normal and peripheral displays. Subjects were less prone to deviate from a given compass heading using the peripheral display (P < .001). A secondary task (digit canceling) used to simulate secondary tasks involved in actual flight also did not diminish performance across displays. These results are consistent with a dual theory of visual processing and the notion of non-obtrusive prompting.
An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines
Authors: Swindler William F. ,   Assisted, Price Granville , Pride Armistead S. , Mosse Baskett 
Published: July 2017

The increasing international tension in the last quarter of the year put additional emphasis on publicity and propaganda in the battle for men's minds. The Voice of America was considerably strengthened, with promises of still more support to come. In domestic radio, the Columbia Broadcasting System's method of color television was approved by the FCC, only to precipitate a louder debate and a succession of court actions… . In the field of advertising, Dr. George Gallup announced a new evaluation technique which some thought might be as revolutionary as his readership principles have been in the past twenty years… . In the field of news writing and press responsibility several writers were still concerned with what they considered to be a qualitative weakening of journalistic standards. These appeared to be the leading professional problems as the second half of the twentieth century began. —W. F. S.
Articles on Mass Communications in American Magazines
Authors: Higbie Charles E. ,   Assisted, Price Granville , Pride Armistead S. , Brown Donald E. 
Published: July 2017

Presidential political campaigning inevitably made itself felt in the literature of journalism during the third quarter both in the field of pure technique and in the traditional controversy over the balance of newspaper support given to the major parties. The impact of national television coverage of the political conventions inspired many estimates of the effect of this innovation on both the public and on the political parties themselves, the diversity of theories being the outstanding noticeable result. In addition the pure mechanics of television coverage at press conferences and other small gatherings produced a clash with representatives of older news media. This fight gives every evidence of becoming a long-standing problem. As the campaign moved into the final major stage Democratic candidate Stevenson opened an old debate by asserting that the United States “has a one-party press in a two-party country.” The inevitable rejoinders followed with the September Editor & Publisher poll indicating that 75% of the daily press which had taken its stand had endorsed Eisenhower. With national attention focused forward toward the final month of campaigning there were few other developments of major importance on the newspaper horizon.
New Bone Formation Induced by Injection of Native Reindeer Bone Morphogenetic Protein Extract
Authors: Pekkarinen T. , Lindholm T. S. , Hietala O. , Jalovaara P. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Aims: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are usually administered with a solid framing material during open surgery. In some instances, percutaneous administration of injectable BMP would be preferable. We tested the new bone-forming activity of injectable native reindeer BMP extract in the Balb/C mouse thigh muscle pouch model. Materials and Methods: The injectable implants contained 6 mg of native reindeer BMP extract and either physiological saline (NaCl/BMP) or collagen (Gel/BMP). Corresponding implants without BMP served as controls. New bone formation was evaluated based on incorporation of Ca45 and radiographically three weeks after the injection into the mouse thigh muscles. Results: None of the injections without BMP were able to induce new bone visible in radiographs, whereas the injections with BMP induced new bone effectively. There were no significant differences in the area of new bone (p = 0.247) and its density (p = 0.739) between the NaCl/BMP and Gel/BMP groups. Ca-45 incorporation was multifold in the NaCl/BMP and Gel/BMP groups compared to the controls (p = 0.000). No significant differences in Ca-45 incorporation (p = 0.739) between the NaCl/BMP and Gel/BMP groups were observed. Conclusion: Our results suggest that BMP can be administered percutaneously, and that collagen and physiological saline are equally good carriers of injectable implants of native reindeer BMP.
Managed Care: Clinical Governance and Risk Management
Authors: Burns Harry , Vallance-Owen Andrew 
Published: July 2017

One of the consequences of considering an approach to managing care is the responsibility of providers, both individually and collectively, for providing good quality services. It is this aspect which clinical governance seeks to address, bringing an emphasis on quality, underpinned by an explicit policy priority. In this article, the authors look at the purpose and content of clinical governance, its growth from a foundation of clinical audit, its effect on the behaviour of clinicians and provider organisations, and at the hopes pinned on clinical governance for assuring a quality health service in future.
Developing an Admission and Discharge ICP in a Mental Health Service for Older People
Authors: Soltysiak Beverley 
Published: July 2017

An integrated care pathway (ICP) was developed for patients admitted to wards within the Mental Health Service for Older People, as a means of improving the care they were given at initial assessment and discharge, and their subsequent well-being. The ICP was evidence-based where possible or otherwise relied on perceived good practice. The process of developing the ICP took 3 months, followed by a 3-month pilot; multidisciplinary and multi-agency staff were involved. First, a baseline audit was carried out looking at patients' notes, and a questionnaire was given to patients to discover their views on aspects of the care provided. A questionnaire was also distributed to staff asking how the ICP should be documented. When the pilot was in place link nurses from each ward area were identified to provide a link between the staff on the ward and the ICP lead officer. Staff were kept up to date with ICP development through regular newsletters. The project failed to obtain meaningful involvement of users and carers, despite efforts made to elicit their views. Mechanisms were put in place to continuously monitor the ICP and gather variance data and feed it back to the staff on the wards. There were some issues regarding completion of documentation throughout the process. However, it was agreed that the ICP would not change for a year, and then the ICP and the accompanying evidence would be thoroughly reviewed. This process is now underway and early evaluation suggests that the objectives and outcomes were achieved in part. While developing the ICP some gaps in the service were identified and addressed, some of which have contributed to improving patient care in their own right.
Transcriptional profiling reveals functional dichotomy between human slan+ non-classical monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells
Authors: van Leeuwen-Kerkhoff Nathalie , Lundberg Kristina , Westers Theresia M , Kordasti Shahram , Bontkes Hetty J , de Gruijl Tanja D , Lindstedt Malin , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Human 6-sulfo LacNac-positive (slan+) cells have been subject to a paradigm debate. They have previously been classified as a distinct dendritic cell (DC) subset. However, evidence has emerged that they may be more related to monocytes than to DCs. To gain deeper insight into the functional specialization of slan+ cells, we have compared them with both conventional myeloid DC subsets (CD1c+ and CD141+) in human peripheral blood (PB). With the use of genome-wide transcriptional profiling, as well as functional tests, we clearly show that slan+ cells form a distinct, non-DC-like population. They cluster away from both DC subsets, and their gene-expression profile evidently suggests involvement in distinct inflammatory processes. An extensive transcriptional meta-analysis confirmed the relationship of slan+ cells with the monocytic compartment rather than with DCs. From a functional perspective, their ability to prime CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is relatively low. Combined with the finding that “antigen presentation by MHC class II” is at the top of under-represented pathways in slan+ cells, this points to a minimal role in directing adaptive T cell immunity. Rather, the higher expression levels of complement receptors on their cell surface, together with their high secretion of IL-1β and IL-6, imply a specific role in innate inflammatory processes, which is consistent with their recent identification as non-classical monocytes. This study extends our knowledge on DC/monocyte subset biology under steady-state conditions and contributes to our understanding of their role in immune-mediated diseases and their potential use in immunotherapeutic strategies.
End-of-Life Services Among Patients With Cancer: Evidence From Cancer Registry Records Linked With Commercial Health Insurance Claims
Authors: McDermott Cara L. , Fedorenko Catherine , Kreizenbeck Karma , Sun Qin , Smith Bruce , Curtis J. Randall , Conklin Ted , Ramsey Scott D. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose: Despite guidelines emphasizing symptom management over aggressive treatment, end-of-life care for persons with cancer in the United States is highly variable. In consultation with a regional collaboration of patients, providers, and payers, we investigated indicators of high-quality end-of-life care to describe patterns of care, identify areas for improvement, and inform future interventions to enhance end-of-life care for patients with cancer. Methods: We linked insurance claims to clinical information from the western Washington SEER database. We included persons ≥ 18 years of age who had been diagnosed with an invasive solid tumor between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015, and who had a recorded death date, were enrolled in a commercial plan for the last month of life, and made at least one insurance claim in the last 90 days of life. Results: In the last month of life, among 6,568 commercially insured patients, 56.3% were hospitalized and 48.6% underwent at least one imaging scan. Among patients younger than 65 years of age, 31.4% were enrolled in hospice; of those younger than 65 years of age who were not enrolled in hospice, 40.5% had received an opioid prescription. Over time, opioid use in the last 30 days of life among young adults not enrolled in hospice dropped from 44.7% in the period 2007 to 2009 to 42.5% in the period 2010 to 2012 and to 36.7% in the period 2013 to 2015. Conclusion: Hospitalization and high-cost imaging scans are burdensome to patients and caregivers at the end of life. Our findings suggest that policies that facilitate appropriate imaging, opioid, and hospice use and that encourage supportive care may improve end-of-life care and quality of life.
The Elongator complex regulates hypocotyl growth in darkness and during photomorphogenesis
Authors: Woloszynska Magdalena , Gagliardi Olimpia , Vandenbussche Filip , De Groeve Steven , Alonso Baez Luis , Neyt Pia , Le Gall Sabine , Fung Jorge , Mas Paloma , Van Der Straeten Dominique , Van Lijsebettens Mieke 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
The Elongator complex (hereafter Elongator) promotes RNA polymerase II-mediated transcript elongation through epigenetic activities such as histone acetylation. Elongator regulates growth, development, immune response and sensitivity to drought and abscisic acid. We demonstrate that elo mutants exhibit defective hypocotyl elongation but have a normal apical hook in darkness and are hyposensitive to light during photomorphogenesis. These elo phenotypes are supported by transcriptome changes, including downregulation of circadian clock components, positive regulators of skoto- or photomorphogenesis, hormonal pathways and cell wall biogenesis-related factors. The downregulated genes LHY, HFR1 and HYH are selectively targeted by Elongator for histone H3K14 acetylation in darkness. The role of Elongator in early seedling development in darkness and light is supported by hypocotyl phenotypes of mutants defective in components of the gene network regulated by Elongator, and by double mutants between elo and mutants in light or darkness signaling components. A model is proposed in which Elongator represses the plant immune response and promotes hypocotyl elongation and photomorphogenesis via transcriptional control of positive photomorphogenesis regulators and a growth-regulatory network that converges on genes involved in cell wall biogenesis and hormone signaling.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Stereopsis in animals: evolution, function and mechanisms
Authors: Nityananda Vivek , Read Jenny C. A. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTStereopsis is the computation of depth information from views acquired simultaneously from different points in space. For many years, stereopsis was thought to be confined to primates and other mammals with front-facing eyes. However, stereopsis has now been demonstrated in many other animals, including lateral-eyed prey mammals, birds, amphibians and invertebrates. The diversity of animals known to have stereo vision allows us to begin to investigate ideas about its evolution and the underlying selective pressures in different animals. It also further prompts the question of whether all animals have evolved essentially the same algorithms to implement stereopsis. If so, this must be the best way to do stereo vision, and should be implemented by engineers in machine stereopsis. Conversely, if animals have evolved a range of stereo algorithms in response to different pressures, that could inspire novel forms of machine stereopsis appropriate for distinct environments, tasks or constraints. As a first step towards addressing these ideas, we here review our current knowledge of stereo vision in animals, with a view towards outlining common principles about the evolution, function and mechanisms of stereo vision across the animal kingdom. We conclude by outlining avenues for future work, including research into possible new mechanisms of stereo vision, with implications for machine vision and the role of stereopsis in the evolution of camouflage.