bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A grapevine cytochrome P450 generates the precursor of wine lactone, a key odorant in wine
Authors: Ilc Tina , Halter David , Miesch Laurence , Lauvoisard Florian , Kriegshauser Lucie , Ilg Andrea , Baltenweck Raymonde , Hugueney Philippe , Werck‐Reichhart Danièle , Duchêne Eric , Navrot Nicolas 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Monoterpenes are important constituents of the aromas of food and beverages, including wine. Among monoterpenes in wines, wine lactone has the most potent odor. It was proposed to form via acid‐catalyzed cyclization of (E)‐8‐carboxylinalool during wine maturation. It only reaches very low concentrations in wine but its extremely low odor detection threshold makes it an important aroma compound.

Using LC‐MS/MS, we show here that the (E)‐8‐carboxylinalool content in wines correlates with their wine lactone content and estimate the kinetic constant for the very slow formation of wine lactone from (E)‐8‐carboxylinalool. We show that (E)‐8‐carboxylinalool is accumulated as a glycoside in grape (Vitis vinifera) berries and that one of the cytochrome P450 enzymes most highly expressed in maturing berries, CYP76F14, efficiently oxidizes linalool to (E)‐8‐carboxylinalool.

Our analysis of (E)‐8‐carboxylinalool in Riesling × Gewurztraminer grapevine progeny established that the CYP76F14 gene co‐locates with a quantitative trait locus for (E)‐8‐carboxylinalool content in grape berries.

Our data support the role of CYP76F14 as the major (E)‐8‐carboxylinalool synthase in grape berries and the role of (E)‐8‐carboxylinalool as a precursor to wine lactone in wine, providing new insights into wine and grape aroma metabolism, and new methods for food and aroma research and production.
Development of the cardiorespiratory system in dogs from days 16 to 46 of pregnancy
Authors: Martins AA , Favaron PO , de Jesus Oliveira L , Schäfer BT , Oliveira FD , Miglino MA 
Published: August 2016

ContentsDogs have been studied for several reasons, such as the genetic improvement, their use as experimental models, in zoonotic research, cell therapy and as a model for human diseases. However, many features relating to the embryonic development of dogs remain unknown because of the absence of embryological studies. Considering the importance of the cardiorespiratory system in the development of embryos, the aim of this study was to investigate the development of the main cardiorespiratory organs of dog embryos and foetuses with estimated gestational ages from 16 to 46 days using macro‐ and microscopic descriptions. On day 16 of development, the neural tube and crest were formed, the anterior and posterior neuropore closure had begun and the somites had developed. Between days 22 and 27 of gestation, the lung buds and the initial formation of the primary bronchi and heart chambers were observed. The heart chambers exhibited the endo‐, myo‐ and epicardial layers but did not have obvious differences in thickness among each other. Between days 41 and 46 of gestation, the nasal conchae and septa and trachea were formed, which exhibited characteristic epithelia. The lung formation and lobation were complete. The heart and major vessels exhibited mature histological architecture when their anatomical development was complete. The results of this study contribute to a more accurate definition of the embryonic and foetal developmental stages in dogs.
Malignant pleural fluid from mesothelioma has potent biological activities
Authors: Cheah Hui Min , Lansley Sally M. , Varano della Vergiliana Julius F. , Tan Ai Ling , Thomas Rajesh , Leong Su Lyn , Creaney Jenette , Lee Yun Chor Gary 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveMalignant pleural effusion (MPE) affects >90% of mesothelioma patients. Research on MPE has focused on its physical impact on breathlessness; MPE is rich in growth mediators but its contribution to tumour biology has not been investigated. We aimed to examine the potential effects of MPE in promoting growth, migration and chemo‐resistance of mesothelioma.MethodsPleural fluid samples from 151 patients (56 mesothelioma, 60 metastatic pleural cancer and 35 benign) were used. Seven validated human mesothelioma cell lines and three primary cultured mesothelioma lines were employed.ResultsPleural fluid from mesothelioma patients (diluted to 30%) consistently stimulated cell proliferation (trypan‐blue cell viability assay) in five mesothelioma cell lines tested by (median) 2.23‐fold over controls (all P < 0.0001). The fluid also induced cell migration by (median) 2.13‐fold in six mesothelioma cell lines using scratch‐wound assay. In a murine flank model of mesothelioma, tumour infused with daily instillations of pleural fluid grew significantly faster over saline controls (median 52.5 cm2 vs 28.0 cm2 at day 13, P = 0.028). Addition of MPE (diluted to 30%) to culture media significantly protected mesothelioma from cisplatin/pemetrexed‐induced cell death in all three cell lines tested (median fold reduction of 1.29, 1.98 and 3.90, all P < 0.001 vs control). The growth effects of matched pleural fluid and cultured mesothelioma cells from the same patients did not differ significantly from unmatched pairs.ConclusionThis ‘proof‐of‐concept’ study reveals potent biological capabilities of malignant pleural fluid in mesothelioma pathobiology.
Early Jurassic North Atlantic sea‐surface temperatures from TEX86 palaeothermometry
Authors: Robinson Stuart A. , Ruhl Micha , Astley David Lee , Naafs B. David A. , Farnsworth Alexander J. , Bown Paul R. , Jenkyns Hugh C. , Lunt Daniel J. , O'Brien Charlotte , Pancost Richard D. , Markwick Paul J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEarly Jurassic marine palaeotemperatures have been typically quantified by oxygen‐isotope palaeothermometry of benthic and nektonic carbonate and phosphatic macrofossils. However, records of Early Jurassic sea‐surface temperatures that can be directly compared with general circulation model simulations of past climates are currently unavailable. The TEX86 sea‐surface temperature proxy is based upon the relative abundance of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers preserved in organic‐carbon‐bearing sediments. This proxy has been used extensively on Cretaceous and Cenozoic materials and, in one study, on Middle and Upper Jurassic sediments. Here, TEX86 is applied, for the first time, to Lower Jurassic (Sinemurian–Pliensbachian) sediments cored at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 547 in the North Atlantic. The abundance of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in these sediments is very low, despite biomarker and Rock‐Eval data suggesting that thermal maturity is, generally, low. Sea floor oxygenation and a high input of reworked terrestrially sourced organic matter may explain the low concentrations. For samples from which it was possible to quantify the relative abundance of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, TEX86 values range from 0·78 to 0·88, equating to sea‐surface temperatures in excess of >28°C. These temperatures are broadly comparable with new general circulation model simulations of the Sinemurian and Pliensbachian stages and support the general view of a predominantly warm climate. The new proxy data suggest that, under favourable geological conditions, it is possible to extend the record of TEX86‐based sea‐surface temperatures back into the Early Jurassic.
Nutrient availability and corn growth in a poultry litter biochar‐amended loam soil in a greenhouse experiment
Authors: Brantley K. E. , Savin M. C. , Brye K. R. , Longer D. E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNutrient‐rich biochar produced from animal wastes, such as poultry litter, may increase plant growth and nutrient uptake although the role of direct and indirect mechanisms, such as stimulation of the activity of mycorrhizal fungi and plant infection, remains unclear. The effects of poultry litter biochar in combination with fertilizer on mycorrhizal infection, soil nutrient availability and corn (Zea mays L.) growth were investigated by growing corn in a loam soil in a greenhouse with biochar (0, 5 and 10 Mg/ha) and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer (0, half and full rates). Biochar did not affect microbial biomass C or N, mycorrhizal infection, or alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities, but acid phosphomonoesterase activities, water‐soluble P, Mehlich‐3 Mg, plant height, aboveground and root biomass, and root diameter were greater with 10 Mg/ha than with no biochar. Root length, volume, root tips and surface area were greatest in the fully fertilized soil receiving 10 Mg/ha biochar compared to all other treatments. The 10 Mg/ha biochar application may have improved plant access to soil nutrients by promoting plant growth and root structural features, rather than by enhancing mycorrhizal infection rates.
HLA class I variation in Iranian Lur and Kurd populations: high haplotype and allotype diversity with an abundance of KIR ligands
Authors: Ashouri E. , Norman P. J. , Guethlein L. A. , Han A. S. , Nemat‐Gorgani N. , Norberg S. J. , Ghaderi A. , Parham P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C alleles of 285 individuals, representing three Iranian Lur populations and one Iranian Kurd population were sequenced completely, yielding human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genotypes at high resolution and filling four fields of the official HLA nomenclature. Each population has 87–99 alleles, evenly distributed between the three HLA class I genes, 145 alleles being identified in total. These alleles were already known, named and deposited in the HLA database. The alleles form 316 different HLA A‐B‐C haplotypes, with each population having between 80 and 112 haplotypes. The four Iranian populations form a related group that is distinguished from other populations, including other Iranians. All four KIR ligands – the A3/11, Bw4, C1 and C2 epitopes – are well represented, particularly Bw4, which is carried by three high‐frequency allotypes: HLA‐A*24:02, HLA‐A*32:01 and HLA‐B*51:01. In the Lur and Kurd populations, between 82% and 94% of individuals have the Bw4 epitope, the ligand for KIR3DL1. HLA‐B*51:01 is likely of Neandertal origin and associated with Behcet's disease, also known as the Silk Road disease. The Lordegan Lur have the highest frequency of HLA‐B*51:01 in the world. This allele is present on 46 Lur and Kurd haplotypes. Present at lower frequency is HLA‐B*51:08, which is also associated with Behcet's disease. In the four Iranian populations, 31 haplotypes encode both Bw4+HLA‐A and Bw4+HLA‐B, a dual combination of Bw4 epitopes that is relatively rare in other populations, worldwide. This study both demonstrates and emphasizes the value of studying HLA class I polymorphism at highest resolution in anthropologically well‐defined populations.
A multiplex allele‐specific real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay for HLA‐B*13:01 genotyping in four Chinese populations
Authors: Liu Z. , Chen G. , Kang X. , Han M. , Chen R. , Chen C. , Wang H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen HLA‐B*13:01 is identified currently as a marker of individual susceptibility to drug‐induced hypersensitivity reaction, such as dapsone‐induced hypersensitivity reactions (DIHRs) and trichloroethylene‐induced dermatitis. Therefore, screening for the HLA‐B*13:01 allele can assist clinics in identifying patients at risk of developing DIHRs. By combining the allele‐specific primers with TaqMan probes, we established a single tube, triplex real‐time PCR to detect HLA‐B*13:01. The reliability of this assay was validated by the comparison of genotyping results with those by sequence‐based typing (SBT). With this assay, the distribution of HLA‐B*13:01 in a total of 350 blood samples from four ethnic groups: Han, Tibetan, Uighur, and Buyei were determined. A 100% concordance was observed between the results with the established real‐time PCR and SBT in 100 samples. The detection limit of this assay was 0.016 ng genomic DNA. The prevalence of HLA‐B*13:01 carriers were 11%, 8%, 1%, and 2% in the Buyei (n = 100), Northern Han (n = 100), Tibetan (n = 100), and Uighur (n = 50) populations, respectively. The multiplex real‐time PCR assay provided a fast and reliable method for accurate detection of HLA‐B*13:01 allele prior to dapsone administration in clinical practice and onset of the reaction after exposure to trichloroethylene.
Hyperphagia in male melanocortin 4 receptor deficient mice promotes growth independently of growth hormone
Authors: Tan H. Y. , Steyn F. J. , Huang L. , Cowley M. , Veldhuis J. D. , Chen C. 
Published: August 2016

Key points
Loss of function of the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) results in hyperphagia, obesity and increased growth.
Despite knowing that MC4Rs control food intake, we are yet to understand why defects in the function of the MC4R receptor contribute to rapid linear growth.
We show that hyperphagia following germline loss of MC4R in male mice promotes growth while suppressing the growth hormone–insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (GH–IGF‐1) axis.
We propose that hyperinsulinaemia promotes growth while suppressing the GH–IGF‐1 axis.
It is argued that physiological responses essential to maintain energy flux override conventional mechanisms of pubertal growth to promote the storage of excess energy while ensuring growth.
AbstractDefects in melanocortin‐4‐receptor (MC4R) signalling result in hyperphagia, obesity and increased growth. Clinical observations suggest that loss of MC4R function may enhance growth hormone (GH)‐mediated growth, although this remains untested. Using male mice with germline loss of the MC4R, we assessed pulsatile GH release and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) production and/or release relative to pubertal growth. We demonstrate early‐onset suppression of GH release in rapidly growing MC4R deficient (MC4RKO) mice, confirming that increased linear growth in MC4RKO mice does not occur in response to enhanced activation of the GH–IGF‐1 axis. The progressive suppression of GH release in MC4RKO mice occurred alongside increased adiposity and the progressive worsening of hyperphagia‐associated hyperinsulinaemia. We next prevented hyperphagia in MC4RKO mice through restricting calorie intake in these mice to match that of wild‐type (WT) littermates. Pair feeding of MC4RKO mice did not prevent increased adiposity, but attenuated hyperinsulinaemia, recovered GH release, and normalized linear growth rate to that seen in pair‐fed WT littermate controls. We conclude that the suppression of GH release in MC4RKO mice occurs independently of increased adipose mass, and is a consequence of hyperphagia‐associated hyperinsulinaemia. It is proposed that physiological responses essential to maintain energy flux (hyperinsulinaemia and the suppression of GH release) override conventional mechanisms of pubertal growth to promote the storage of excess energy while ensuring growth. Implications of these findings are likely to extend beyond individuals with defects in MC4R signalling, encompassing physiological changes central to mechanisms of growth and energy homeostasis universal to hyperphagia‐associated childhood‐onset obesity.
Accurate Detection of Avian Respiratory Viruses by Use of Multiplex PCR-Based Luminex Suspension Microarray Assay
Authors: Laamiri Nacira , Fällgren Pia , Zohari Siamak , Ben Ali Jaouher , Ghram Abdeljelil , Leijon Mikael , Hmila Issam 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
A novel oligonucleotide suspension microarray (Luminex microsphere system) was developed for the rapid detection of avian respiratory viruses of major clinical importance. This test was optimized and validated with 70 clinical samples. The developed tool was accurate for high-throughput detection and differentiation of the most important avian respiratory viruses: avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infection bronchitis virus (IBV), and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in single- and mixed-virus infections. A multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), followed by a monoplex or a multiplex Luminex assays, were realized using a Luminex 200 analyzer instrument. The sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the multiplex DNA suspension microarray system were evaluated. The results showed no significant differences in the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) value in monoplex and multiplex Luminex assays. The sensitivity and specificity proved to be completely concordant with monoplex real-time RT-PCR. We demonstrated that the multiplex DNA suspension microarray system is an accurate, high-throughput, and relatively simple method for the rapid detection of the main respiratory viruses of poultry.
Coinfection and Emergence of Rifamycin Resistance during a Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Stevenson Emma C. , Major Giles A. , Spiller Robin C. , Kuehne Sarah A. , Minton Nigel P. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Clostridium difficile
(
Peptoclostridium difficile
) is a common health care-associated infection with a disproportionately high incidence in elderly patients. Disease symptoms range from mild diarrhea to life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis. Around 20% of patients may suffer recurrent disease, which often requires rehospitalization of patients.
C. difficile
was isolated from stool samples from a patient with two recurrent
C. difficile
infections. PCR ribotyping, whole-genome sequencing, and phenotypic assays were used to characterize these isolates. Genotypic and phenotypic screening of
C. difficile
isolates revealed multiple PCR ribotypes present and the emergence of rifamycin resistance during the infection cycle. Understanding both the clinical and bacterial factors that contribute to the course of recurrent infection could inform strategies to reduce recurrence. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01670149.)
Chlorhexidine and Mupirocin Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in the REDUCE-MRSA Trial
Authors: Hayden Mary K. , Lolans Karen , Haffenreffer Katherine , Avery Taliser R. , Kleinman Ken , Li Haiying , Kaganov Rebecca E. , Lankiewicz Julie , Moody Julia , Septimus Edward , Weinstein Robert A. , Hickok Jason , Jernigan John , Perlin Jonathan B. , Platt Richard , Huang Susan S. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Whether targeted or universal decolonization strategies for the control of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) select for resistance to decolonizing agents is unresolved. The REDUCE-MRSA trial (ClinicalTrials registration no. NCT00980980) provided an opportunity to investigate this question. REDUCE-MRSA was a 3-arm, cluster-randomized trial of either screening and isolation without decolonization, targeted decolonization with chlorhexidine and mupirocin, or universal decolonization without screening to prevent MRSA infection in intensive-care unit (ICU) patients. Isolates from the baseline and intervention periods were collected and tested for susceptibility to chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) by microtiter dilution; mupirocin susceptibility was tested by Etest. The presence of the
qacA
or
qacB
gene was determined by PCR and DNA sequence analysis. A total of 3,173 isolates were analyzed; 2 were nonsusceptible to CHG (MICs, 8 μg/ml), and 5/814 (0.6%) carried
qacA
or
qacB
. At baseline, 7.1% of MRSA isolates expressed low-level mupirocin resistance, and 7.5% expressed high-level mupirocin resistance. In a mixed-effects generalized logistic regression model, the odds of mupirocin resistance among clinical MRSA isolates or MRSA isolates acquired in an ICU in intervention versus baseline periods did not differ across arms, although estimates were imprecise due to small numbers. Reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine and carriage of
qacA
or
qacB
were rare among MRSA isolates in the REDUCE-MRSA trial. The odds of mupirocin resistance were no different in the intervention versus baseline periods across arms, but the confidence limits were broad, and the results should be interpreted with caution.
An Essential Role of INI1/hSNF5 Chromatin Remodeling Protein in HIV-1 Posttranscriptional Events and Gag/Gag-Pol Stability
Authors: La Porte Annalena , Cano Jennifer , Wu Xuhong , Mitra Doyel , Kalpana Ganjam V. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

INI1/hSNF5/SMARCB1/BAF47 is an HIV-specific integrase (IN)-binding protein that influences HIV-1 transcription and particle production. INI1 binds to SAP18 (Sin3a-associated protein, 18 kDa), and both INI1 and SAP18 are incorporated into HIV-1 virions. To determine the significance of INI1 and the INI1-SAP18 interaction during HIV-1 replication, we isolated a panel of
S
AP18-
i
nteraction-
d
efective (SID)-INI1 mutants using a yeast reverse two-hybrid screen. The SID-INI1 mutants, which retained the ability to bind to IN, cMYC, and INI1 but were impaired for binding to SAP18, were tested for their effects on HIV-1 particle production. SID-INI1 dramatically reduced the intracellular Gag/Gag-Pol protein levels and, in addition, decreased viral particle production. The SID-INI1-mediated effects were less dramatic in
trans
complementation assays using IN deletion mutant viruses with Vpr-reverse transcriptase (RT)-IN. SID-INI1 did not inhibit long-terminal-repeat (LTR)-mediated transcription, but it marginally decreased the steady-state
gag
RNA levels, suggesting a posttranscriptional effect. Pulse-chase analysis indicated that in SID-INI1-expressing cells, the pr55Gag levels decreased rapidly. RNA interference analysis indicated that small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of
INI1
reduced the intracellular Gag/Gag-Pol levels and further inhibited HIV-1 particle production. These results suggest that SID-INI1 mutants inhibit multiple stages of posttranscriptional events of HIV-1 replication, including intracellular Gag/Gag-Pol RNA and protein levels, which in turn inhibits assembly and particle production. Interfering INI1 leads to a decrease in particle production and Gag/Gag-Pol protein levels. Understanding the role of INI1 and SAP18 in HIV-1 replication is likely to provide novel insight into the stability of Gag/Gag-Pol, which may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit HIV-1 late events.

IMPORTANCE
Significant gaps exist in our current understanding of the mechanisms and host factors that influence HIV-1 posttranscriptional events, including
gag
RNA levels, Gag/Gag-Pol protein levels, assembly, and particle production. Our previous studies suggested that the IN-binding host factor INI1 plays a role in HIV-1 assembly. An ectopically expressed minimal IN-binding domain of INI1, S6, potently and selectively inhibited HIV-1 Gag/Gag-Pol trafficking and particle production. However, whether or not endogenous INI1 and its interacting partners, such as SAP18, are required for late events was unknown. Here, we report that endogenous INI1 and its interaction with SAP18 are necessary to maintain intracellular levels of Gag/Gag-Pol and for particle production. Interfering INI1 or the INI1-SAP18 interaction leads to the impairment of these processes, suggesting a novel strategy for inhibiting posttranscriptional events of HIV-1 replication.