bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmentation of Distal Biceps Repair With an Acellular Dermal Graft Restores Native Biomechanical Properties in a Tendon-Deficient Model
Authors: Conroy Christine , Sethi Paul , Macken Craig , Wei David , Kowalsky Marc , Mirzayan Raffy , Pauzenberger Leo , Dyrna Felix , Obopilwe Elifho , Mazzocca Augustus D. 
Published: April 2017

Background: The majority of distal biceps tendon injuries can be repaired in a single procedure. In contrast, complete chronic tears with severe tendon substance deficiency and retraction often require tendon graft augmentation. In cases with extensive partial tears of the distal biceps, a human dermal allograft may be used as an alternative to restore tendon thickness and biomechanical integrity. Hypothesis: Dermal graft augmentation will improve load to failure compared with nonaugmented repair in a tendon-deficient model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Thirty-six matched specimens were organized into 1 of 4 groups: native tendon, native tendon with dermal graft augmentation, tendon with an attritional defect, and tendon with an attritional defect repaired with a graft. To mimic a chronic attritional biceps lesion, a defect was created by a complete tear, leaving 30% of the tendon’s width intact. The repair technique in all groups consisted of cortical button and interference screw fixation. All specimens underwent cyclical loading for 3000 cycles and were then tested to failure; gap formation and peak load at failure were documented. Results: The mean (±SD) load to failure (320.9 ± 49.1 N vs 348.8 ± 77.6 N, respectively; P = .38) and gap formation (displacement) (1.8 ± 1.4 mm vs 1.6 ± 1.1 mm, respectively; P = .38) did not differ between the native tendon groups with and without graft augmentation. In the tendon-deficient model, the mean load to failure was significantly improved with graft augmentation compared with no graft augmentation (282.1 ± 83.8 N vs 199.7 ± 45.5 N, respectively; P = .04), while the mean gap formation was significantly reduced (1.2 ± 1.0 mm vs 2.7 ± 1.4 mm, respectively; P = .04). The mean load to failure of the deficient tendon with graft augmentation (282.1 N) compared with the native tendon (348.8 N) was not significantly different ( P = .12). This indicates that the native tendon did not perform differently from the grafted deficient tendon. Conclusion: In a tendon-deficient, complete distal biceps rupture model, acellular dermal allograft augmentation restored the native tendon’s biomechanical properties at time zero. The grafted tissue-deficient model demonstrated no significant differences in the load to failure and gap formation compared with the native tendon. As expected, dermal augmentation of attritional tendon repair increased the load to failure and stiffness as well as decreased displacement compared with the ungrafted tissue-deficient model. Tendons with their native width showed no statistical difference or negative biomechanical consequences of dermal augmentation. Clinical Relevance: Dermal augmentation of the distal biceps is a biomechanically feasible option for patients with an attritionally thinned-out tendon.
Risk Factors of Pesticide Poisoning and Pesticide Users’ Cholinesterase Levels in Cotton Production Areas: Glazoué and Savè Townships, in Central Republic of Benin
Authors: Vikkey Hinson Antoine , Fidel Dossou , Pazou Elisabeth Yehouenou , Hilaire Hountikpo , Hervé Lawin , Badirou Aguèmon , Alain Koudafoke , Parfait Houngbégnon , Fabien Gounongbé , Benjamin Fayomi 
Published: April 2017

Objective: To assess the degree of poisoning in farmers using the erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) test before and after the exposure to pesticides in townships in central Benin (Glazoué and Savè) and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we recruited 264 farm pesticide sprayers, who have been working for at least 5 years. They completed a questionnaire and underwent the AChE test using the Test-mate Model 400 device (EQM Research Inc.) with a photometric sensor, based on the works of Ellman. Results: Organophosphate/pyrethroids were the most common pesticides used by at least 72.96% of the farmworkers. We observed an inhibition of AChE between pre-exposure and post-exposure ( P = .002) for 60.61% of the farmworkers. Among them, 11.88% displayed more than 20% AChE inhibition. Conclusions: Pesticide poisoning is a reality, and AChE monitoring is urgently needed for farmworker surveillance.
What can the food and drink industry do to help achieve the 5% free sugars goal?
Authors: Gibson Sigrid , Ashwell Margaret , Arthur Jenny , Bagley Lindsey , Lennox Alison , Rogers Peter J , Stanner Sara 
Published: April 2017

Aims: To contribute evidence and make recommendations to assist in achieving free sugars reduction, with due consideration to the broader picture of weight management and dietary quality. Methods: An expert workshop in July 2016 addressed options outlined in the Public Health England report ‘Sugar reduction: The evidence for action’ that related directly to the food industry. Panel members contributed expertise in food technology, public heath nutrition, marketing, communications, psychology and behaviour. Recommendations were directed towards reformulation, reduced portion sizes, labelling and consumer education. These were evaluated based on their feasibility, likely consumer acceptability, efficacy and cost. Results: The panel agreed that the 5% target for energy from free sugars is unlikely to be achievable by the UK population in the near future, but a gradual reduction from average current level of intake is feasible. Progress requires collaborations between government, food industry, non-government organisations, health professionals, educators and consumers. Reformulation should start with the main contributors of free sugars in the diet, prioritising those products high in free sugars and relatively low in micronutrients. There is most potential for replacing free sugars in beverages using high-potency sweeteners and possibly via gradual reduction in sweetness levels. However, reformulation alone, with its inherent practical difficulties, will not achieve the desired reduction in free sugars. Food manufacturers and the out-of-home sector can help consumers by providing smaller portions. Labelling of free sugars would extend choice and encourage reformulation; however, government needs to assist industry by addressing current analytical and regulatory problems. There are also opportunities for multi-agency collaboration to develop tools/communications based on the Eatwell Guide, to help consumers understand the principles of a varied, healthy, balanced diet. Conclusion: Multiple strategies will be required to achieve a reduction in free sugars intake to attain the 5% energy target. The panel produced consensus statements with recommendations as to how this might be achieved.
Assessment of the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease among a group of patients on maintenance hemodialysis: A cross-sectional study from Cameroon
Authors: Ama Moor Vicky Jocelyne , Nansseu Jobert Richie N , Azingni Dastoresse Bijou T , Kaze François Folefack 
Published: April 2017

Objective To assess the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease and potential impacting factors among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Design A cross-sectional study in January 2016. Setting Patients were recruited at the dialysis unit of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon. Participants These were hemodialysis patients aged 20 years and above, dialyzing in the above unit since at least 3 months and volunteering to be enrolled in the study. Main outcome measures The risk of cardiovascular disease was assessed using the Framingham risk score. Results We included 44 patients. The risk of cardiovascular disease ranged from less than 1% to more than 30% with a median of 12.3% (interquartile range 4.9–24.4). Twenty hemodialysis patients (45.5%) had a low risk of cardiovascular disease (<10%), 10 (22.7%), a moderate risk (10–20%), and 14 (31.8%) presented a high risk of cardiovascular disease (>20%). In multivariable linear regression analysis, duration on dialysis (adjusted β = 0.11; p = 0.003), number of weekly sessions of physical activity (adjusted β = −1.35; p = 0.018), fasting serum glucose levels (adjusted β = 4.22; p = 0.022), serum triglycerides levels (adjusted β = 5.94; p = 0.033), and serum urea levels (adjusted β = −2.08; p = 0.039) were independently impacting our patients’ risk of cardiovascular disease. Conclusion Around 55% of our study population presented a moderate or high risk of cardiovascular disease. Duration on dialysis, number of physical activity sessions per week, fasting serum glucose, serum triglycerides, and serum urea levels may impact our hemodialysis patients’ risk of cardiovascular disease.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Contemporary Treatment in Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma: Updated Analyses of the German Hodgkin Study Group HD7, HD8, HD10, and HD11 Trials
Authors: Sasse Stephanie , Bröckelmann Paul J. , Goergen Helen , Plütschow Annette , Müller Horst , Kreissl Stefanie , Buerkle Carolin , Borchmann Sven , Fuchs Michael , Borchmann Peter , Diehl Volker , Engert Andreas 
Published: April 2017

Purpose Combined-modality treatment is widely considered the standard of care in early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and treatment intensity has been reduced over the last years. Long-term follow-up is important to judge both efficacy and safety of the different therapies used. Patients and Methods We analyzed updated follow-up data on 4,276 patients treated within the German Hodgkin Study Group trials HD7 and HD10 for early-stage favorable HL and HD8 and HD11 for early-stage unfavorable HL between 1993 and 2003. Results In HD7 (N = 627; median follow-up, 120 months), combined-modality treatment was superior to extended-field radiotherapy (RT), with 15-year progression-free survival (PFS) of 73% versus 52% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.6; P < .001), without differences in overall survival (OS). In HD10 (N = 1,190; median follow-up, 98 months), noninferiority of two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD) plus 20 Gy involved-field (IF)–RT to more intensive four cycles of ABVD plus 30 Gy IF-RT was confirmed with 10-year PFS of 87% each (HR, 1.0; 95%, 0.6 to 1.5) and OS of 94% each (HR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.6), respectively. In both trials, no differences in second neoplasias were observed. In HD8 (N = 1,064; median follow-up, 153 months), noninferiority of involved-field RT to extended-field RT regarding PFS was confirmed (HR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.8 to 1.2). In HD11 (N = 1,395; median follow-up, 106 months), superiority of bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone at baseline over ABVD was not observed. After BEACOPPbaseline, 20 Gy IF-RT was noninferior to 30 Gy (10-year PFS, 84% v 84%; HR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.5). In contrast, PFS was inferior in ABVD-treated patients receiving 20 Gy instead of 30 Gy IF-RT (10-year PFS, 76% v 84%; HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.1). No differences in OS or second neoplasias were observed in in both trials. Conclusion Long-term follow-up data of the four randomized trials largely support the current risk-adapted therapeutic strategies in early-stage HL. Nevertheless, continued follow-up is necessary to assess the long-term safety of currently applied therapeutic strategies.
Early Maternal Thyroid Function During Gestation Is Associated With Fetal Growth, Particularly in Male Newborns
Authors: Vrijkotte Tanja G. M. , Hrudey E. Jessica , Twickler Marcel B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground:Intrauterine growth patterns are influenced by maternal thyroid function during gestation and by fetal sex. It is unknown, however, whether the relationships between maternal thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels in early pregnancy and fetal growth outcomes are modified by fetal sex.Design:Data were obtained from a community-based cohort study of pregnant women living in Amsterdam (Amsterdam Born Children and Their Development study). TSH and fT4 levels were determined during the first prenatal screening at median 13 weeks (interquartile range, 12 to 14). Women with live-born singletons and no overt thyroid dysfunction were included (N = 3988). Associations between these maternal hormones and birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) were analyzed separately for each sex.Results:After adjustments, 1 pmol/L increase in maternal fT4 levels was associated with a reduction in birth weight of 33.7 g (P &lt; 0.001) in male newborns and 16.1 g (P &lt; 0.05) in female newborns. Increased maternal fT4 was not associated with increased odds for SGA, but was associated with a decreased odds for LGA in boys [per 1 pmol/L; odds ratio (OR), 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69 to 0.90]. Maternal subclinical hypothyroidism in early pregnancy (TSH &gt; 2.5 mU/L, 7.3%) was associated with increased odds for LGA in male newborns (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.22 to 3.11).Conclusion:Maternal fT4 in early pregnancy was observed to be inversely associated with birth weight, with a stronger relationship in males. Male infants also had increased odds for LGA in mothers with subclinical hypothyroidism. Sexual dimorphism appears to be present in the relationship between maternal thyroid metabolism and fetal intrauterine growth, with stronger associations in male infants.
Can Unspanned Stochastic Volatility Models Explain the Cross Section of Bond Volatilities?
Authors: Joslin Scott 
Published: April 2017

In fixed income markets, volatility is unspanned if volatility risk cannot be hedged with bonds. We first show that all affine term structure models with state space [Formula: see text] can be drift normalized and show when the standard variance normalization can be obtained. Using this normalization, we find conditions for a wide class of affine term structure models to exhibit unspanned stochastic volatility (USV). We show that the USV conditions restrict both the mean reversions of risk factors and the cross section of conditional yield volatilities. The restrictions imply that previously studied affine USV models are unlikely to be able to generate the observed cross section of yield volatilities. However, more general USV models can match the cross section of bond volatilities.This paper was accepted by Wei Xiong, finance.
The effect of numerical integration in mixed finite element approximation in the simulation of miscible displacement
Authors: Diogene Vianney Pongui ngoma , Germain Nguimbi , Rhoss Beaunheur Likibi Pellat 
Published: April 2017

We consider the effect of numerical integration in finite elementÂ procedures applied to a nonlinear system of two coupled partial differential equations describing the miscible displacement of one incompressible fluid by another in a porous meduim. We consider the use of the numerical quadrature scheme for approximating the pressure and velocity by a mixed method using Raviart - Thomas space of index Â and the concentration by a standard Galerkin method. We also give some sufficient conditions on the quadrature scheme to ensure that the order of convergence is unaltered in the presence of numerical integration. Optimal order estimates are derived when the imposed external flows are smoothly distributed.
Posterior Inferotemporal Cortex Cells Use Multiple Input Pathways for Shape Encoding
Authors: Ponce Carlos R. , Lomber Stephen G. , Livingstone Margaret S. 
Published: April 2017

In the macaque monkey brain, posterior inferior temporal (PIT) cortex cells contribute to visual object recognition. They receive concurrent inputs from visual areas V4, V3, and V2. We asked how these different anatomical pathways shape PIT response properties by deactivating them while monitoring PIT activity in two male macaques. We found that cooling of V4 or V2|3 did not lead to consistent changes in population excitatory drive; however, population pattern analyses showed that V4-based pathways were more important than V2|3-based pathways. We did not find any image features that predicted decoding accuracy differences between both interventions. Using the HMAX hierarchical model of visual recognition, we found that different groups of simulated “PIT” units with different input histories (lacking “V2|3” or “V4” input) allowed for comparable levels of object-decoding performance and that removing a large fraction of “PIT” activity resulted in similar drops in performance as in the cooling experiments. We conclude that distinct input pathways to PIT relay similar types of shape information, with V1-dependent V4 cells providing more quantitatively useful information for overall encoding than cells in V2 projecting directly to PIT.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTConvolutional neural networks are the best models of the visual system, but most emphasize input transformations across a serial hierarchy akin to the primary “ventral stream” (V1 → V2 → V4 → IT). However, the ventral stream also comprises parallel “bypass” pathways: V1 also connects to V4, and V2 to IT. To explore the advantages of mixing long and short pathways in the macaque brain, we used cortical cooling to silence inputs to posterior IT and compared the findings with an HMAX model with parallel pathways.
Herding the Crowd: Using Automated Planning for Better Crowdsourced Planning
Authors: Manikonda Lydia , Chakraborti Tathagata , Talamadupula Kartik , Kambhampati Subbarao 
Published: April 2017

One subclass of human computation applications are those directed at tasks that involve planning (e.g. tour planning) and scheduling (e.g. conference scheduling). Interestingly, work on these systems shows that even primitive forms of automated oversight on the human contributors helps in significantly improving the effectiveness of the humans/crowd. In this paper, we argue that the automated oversight used in these systems can be viewed as a primitive automated planner, and that there are several opportunities for more sophisticated automated planning in effectively steering crowdsourced planning. Straightforward adaptation of current planning technology is however hampered by the mismatch between the capabilities of human workers and automated planners. We identify and partially address two important challenges that need to be overcome before such adaptation of planning technology can occur: (i) interpreting inputs of the human workers (and the requester) and (ii) steering or critiquing plans produced by the human workers, armed only with incomplete domain and preference models. To these ends, we describe the implementation of AI-MIX, a tour plan generation system that uses automated checks and alerts to improve the quality of plans created by human workers.
Posłuszeństwo oczekiwaną odpowiedzią Izraela na wierność Boga
Authors: Wajda Anna Maria 
Published: April 2017

Miłość Boga, która trwa na tysiąc pokoleń, jest wiernością (por. Wj 34, 6–7). Prawda ta stanowi klucz do zrozumienia całego działania Boga w ramach biblijnej historii zbawienia, zarówno w odniesieniu do społeczności (narodu wybranego), jak i jednostek (np. Abrahama). Bóg daje się poznać przez swoje dzieła, przez moc, potęgę, wierność swoim obietnicom (por. Pwt 7, 7–9). W zamian wzywa do posłuszeństwa, które należy rozumieć jako dobrowolne przyjęcie Jego planów i wejście z Nim w dialog miłości. Biblijne posłuszeństwo nie ma bowiem nic wspólnego z wymuszoną uległością i biernym poddawaniem się silniejszemu i dzierżącemu jakąś władzę. Jest ono powierzeniem się z miłością i w całości Bogu, z własnej wolnej decyzji.
Posłannictwo rodziny w Kościele i świecie w świetle XIV Synodu Biskupów
Authors: Dyduch Jan 
Published: April 2017

Synod biskupów opublikował owoc swych prac o powołaniu i misji rodziny w Kościele i świecie w dokumencie Relacja końcowa, skierowanym do papieża Franciszka. Dokument ten ukazuje sytuację małżeństw i rodzin we współczesnym świecie. Synod kontynuuje tradycyjną naukę Kościoła o małżeństwie i rodzinie, a także proponuje pewne rozwiązania trudności i zagrożeń trapiących małżeństwa i rodziny, odwołując się do Bożego miłosierdzia.
Śmierć dziecka i żałoba rodziców jako zagadnienie duszpasterskie
Authors: Kościelniak Janusz 
Published: April 2017

Artykuł koncentruje się wokół zagadnień związanych ze śmiercią dziecka i okresem żałoby rodziców. Oprócz literatury dotyczącej tego tematu autor wykorzystuje własne doświadczenie zdobyte podczas spotkań z osieroconymi rodzicami w Sanktuarium Bożego Miłosierdzia w Krakowie­‑Łagiewnikach. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej omówiono zagadnienie straty bliskiej osoby i jej wpływu na życie osobiste i rodzinne, w następnej zagadnienie żałoby, a ostatnia część związana jest z pomocą osobom doświadczonym śmiercią dziecka.
Święty Jan Paweł II o duchowości chrześcijańskiego Wschodu
Authors: Zyzak Wojciech 
Published: April 2017

Autor artykułu ukazuje główne linie nauczania św. Jana Pawła II na temat duchowości chrześcijańskiego Wschodu. Wskazuje na osobiste zainteresowania papieża kulturą, zwłaszcza filozofią i sztuką rozwijaną w kręgu prawosławia. Ukazuje również wysiłki ekumeniczne i związane z nimi trudności. Na szerszym fundamencie teologicznym autor rozwija główne elementy duchowości prawosławnej, na jakie zwracał uwagę słowiański papież w czasie swego długiego pontyfikatu.
Understanding and finding oil over the centuries: The case of the Wallachian Petroleum Company in Romania
Authors: Gerali Francesco , Gregory Jenny 
Published: April 2017

About four centuries passed between the first appearance of pamphlets in which the medical uses of petroleum were discussed (for example, the Tegernsee (southern Bavaria, 1430), Geneva (Swiss Confederacy, 1480), Nurnberg (northern Bavaria, 1500), and the Antwerp (Duchy of Brabant, today Flanders, 1540–1550) pamphlets), and Michael Faraday's discovery in 1825 of the chemical composition of benzene derived from bituminous oil as a compound of carbon and hydrogen. During this long time span, studies of oil, carried out between alchemy and chemistry, benefited from rapid advances and brilliant insights, much as they had moments of stagnation, and disappointing regressions. In 1855 the chemist Benjamin Silliman Jr., of Yale University, proved that crude oil could be decomposed through a process of fractional distillation into a range of fuels and lubricants cheaper than the oils, greases and waxes rendered by animal fats and vegetal matter (Silliman 1855; Forbes 1948 Forbes 1958). In the course of the early 1860s, oil became the main source of illumination first in North America, then in Europe and Australia. This transformation of oil from a substance of limited use into a commodity of mass consumption radically changed the pattern of oil finding and production. Crude was no longer collected just from natural springs or draining seepages, but was pumped out of the ground from wells drilled by machines using steam power. This was the first step toward the modern oil industry, and a breakthrough in the history of energy: the beginning of an oil society.
The first part of this article provides an introduction to the early uses and production of petroleum in Europe, and advances in understanding the nature, the physical properties, and the composition of hydrocarbons. It provides a brief analysis of the interaction between technology, society and the environmental context in northwestern Pennsylvania, where, between 1858 and 1859, a new successful pattern developed to produce oil in commercial quantity. From 1861, that innovative process put the United States in the position to gain increasing shares in the young European mineral oil markets and, subsequently, to jeopardize the position of local oil (vegetal, animal and mineral) producers. The second part, using a national case study approach, explores the history of a British oil company operating in Romania since 1863, the Wallachian Oil Company. This venture by London stockholders—short, difficult, and abortive—is a mirror of the nature of the business implemented by emerging oil companies, not only from Europe, and therefore exemplifies the challenges of setting the modern oil sector in motion in the nineteenth century.