bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum L-arginine and dimethylarginine levels in migraine patients with brain white matter lesions
Authors: Erdélyi-Bótor Szilvia , Komáromy Hedvig , Kamson David Olayinka , Kovács Norbert , Perlaki Gábor , Orsi Gergely , Molnár Tihamér , Illes Zsolt , Nagy Lajos , Kéki Sándor , Deli Gabriella , Bosnyák Edit , Trauninger Anita , Pfund Zoltán 
Published: May 2016

Background/Aim Migraine is a risk factor for the formation of silent brain white matter lesions (WMLs) that are possibly ischemic in nature. Although dysfunction of the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway has been associated with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in migraine, its role in WML development has not been specifically investigated. Thus, this prospective study aimed to measure the serum concentrations of the NO substrate L-arginine, the NO synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and the L-arginine transport regulator symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in migraine patients in a headache-free period. Methods All participants underwent MR imaging to assess for the presence of WMLs on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging. Altogether 109 migraine patients (43 with lesions, 66 without lesions) and 46 control individuals were studied. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify L-arginine, ADMA and SDMA serum concentrations. Migraine characteristics were investigated, and participants were screened for risk factors that can lead to elevated serum ADMA levels independent of migraine. Results Migraine patients and controls did not differ in regard to vascular risk factors. Migraineurs with WMLs had a longer disease duration ( p < 0.001) and a higher number of lifetime headache attacks ( p = 0.005) than lesion-free patients. Higher L-arginine serum levels were found in both migraine subgroups compared to controls ( p < 0.001). Migraine patients with WMLs showed higher ADMA concentrations than lesion-free patients and controls ( p < 0.001, for both). In migraineurs, the presence of WMLs, aura and increasing age proved to be significant predictors of increased ADMA levels ( p = 0.008, 0.047 and 0.012, respectively). SDMA serum levels of lesional migraineurs were higher than in nonlesional patients ( p < 0.001). The presence of lesions and increasing age indicated an increased SDMA level ( p = 0.017 and 0.001, respectively). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that ADMA level ( p = 0.006), increasing age ( p = 0.017) and the total number of lifetime migraine attacks ( p = 0.026) were associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting WMLs. There was no significant effect of age on ADMA and SDMA concentrations in controls. Conclusions Elevated ADMA levels may impact the pathogenesis of migraine-related WMLs by influencing cerebrovascular autoregulation and vasomotor reactivity. Higher SDMA concentrations may indirectly influence NO synthesis by reducing substrate availability. Elevated L-arginine serum levels might reflect an increased demand for NO synthesis.
Incorporating a Drug Information Consult into a Pharmacy Practice Course to Build Literature Search and Evaluation Skills Through a 3-Stage Model
Authors: Wittman Deborah , Kovera Craig , Sullivan Maureen , Rumore Martha M. 
Published: May 2016

Objective: Pharmacy students need to be equipped with skills to research and evaluate literature to effectively apply evidence-based medicine (EBM) in practice. To prepare them, a 3-stage approach to writing a drug information consult (3sDIC) was incorporated into a pharmacy course. The primary objective was to assess students’ abilities to retrieve and analyze literature pursuant to a drug information consult. Secondary objectives were to examine feasibility of faculty participation and continuation of the assignment. Design: Ninety students were given a clinical scenario about a patient. The assignment consisted of 3 stages incorporating use of the Population, Intervention, Comparison intervention, Outcome (PICO) method and modified systematic approach (MSA) for stage 1, evaluation of primary literature to write a draft for stage 2, and stage 3, the final consult. All 3 stages were reviewed and graded by faculty. Assessment: All students completed the 3sDIC, with no grade failures. The rubric employed by faculty was effective, providing students the opportunity to improve the consult. The 3sDIC was found to be feasible with adequate faculty support. Conclusion: The 3sDIC, although not a substitute for a complete drug information course, demonstrated a streamlined approach for Pharmacy year 2 (P2) students to acquire and develop drug information skills.
The relationship of regional hemoglobin A1c testing and amputation rate among patients with diabetes
Authors: Newhall Karina A , Bekelis Kimon , Suckow Bjoern D , Gottlieb Daniel J , Farber Adrienne E , Goodney Philip P , Skinner Jonathan S 
Published: May 2016

Objective The risk of leg amputation among patients with diabetes has declined over the past decade, while use of preventative measures—such as hemoglobin A1c monitoring—has increased. However, the relationship between hemoglobin A1c testing and amputation risk remains unclear. Methods We examined annual rates of hemoglobin A1c testing and major leg amputation among Medicare patients with diabetes from 2003 to 2012 across 306 hospital referral regions. We created linear regression models to study associations between hemoglobin A1c testing and lower extremity amputation. Results From 2003 to 2012, the proportion of patients who received hemoglobin A1c testing increased 10% (74% to 84%), while their rate of lower extremity amputation decreased 50% (430 to 232/100,000 beneficiaries). Regional hemoglobin A1c testing weakly correlated with crude amputation rate in both years (2003 R = −0.20, 2012 R = −0.21), and further weakened with adjustment for age, sex, and disability status (2003 R = −0.11, 2012 R = −0.17). In a multivariable model of 2012 amputation rates, hemoglobin A1c testing was not a significant predictor. Conclusion Lower extremity amputation among patients with diabetes nearly halved over the past decade but only weakly correlated with hemoglobin A1c testing throughout the study period. Better metrics are needed to understand the relationship between preventative care and amputation.
Prognostic factor of the two-year mortality after revascularization in patients with critical limb ischemia
Authors: Morisaki Koichi , Matsumoto Takuya , Matsubara Yutaka , Inoue Kentaro , Aoyagi Yukihiko , Matsuda Daisuke , Tanaka Shinichi , Okadome Jun , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2016

Purposes The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for the two-year survival after revascularization of critical limb ischemia. Methods Between 2008 and 2012, 142 patients underwent revascularization. A retrospective analysis was performed to measure the risk factor. Results A total 85 patients underwent surgical revascularization, 31 patients underwent endovascular therapy while 26 patients underwent hybrid therapy. By multivariate analysis, the following variables were considered to be risk factors: ejection fraction <50 % (HR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.22–7.95; P = 0.02), serum albumin level <2.5 g/dL (HR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.01–11.7; P = 0.04) and nonambulatory status (HR, 4.11; 95% CI, 1.79–9.70; P < 0.01). The two-year survival rate of the patients with no risk factors was 85.5%, while the patients with at least one risk factor had an unfavorable prognosis (one; 56.7%, two; 45.4%). Conclusions The nonambulatory status, serum albumin level <2.5 g/dL and ejection fraction <50% were the risk factors for the two-year mortality after revascularization in critical limb ischemia patients. These risk factors may be useful for the treatment strategy of critical limb ischemia patients.
LOS ARGUMENTOS LIBERALES Y REPUBLICANOS EN TORNO A LA LEY DE CADUCIDAD EN URUGUAY: UNA MIRADA DESDE LA POSICIÓN DE LOS ACTORES DEL SISTEMA POLÍTICO
Authors: Freigedo Peláez Martín 
Published: May 2016

En su mayoría, los crímenes contra los derechos humanos cometidos por el Estado uruguayo en el período previo a la dictadura cívico-militar, y durante la misma, aún están impunes. Esto es consecuencia, en parte, de la aprobación en 1986 de la ley de Caducidad Punitiva del Estado, que limita al Poder Judicial a intervenir sobre estos. Sin embargo, las discusiones políticas en torno a las violaciones de los derechos humanos están latentes y son parte de un proceso que todavía no tiene un punto final. En este sentido, las posiciones de los actores del sistema político han sido muy disímiles y han cambiado según la coyuntura política del país. En este artículo se presentan las posiciones liberales y republicanas de dichos actores para argumentar sus posturas en torno a la vieja discusión teórica sobre los derechos humanos y la soberanía popular. The liberal and republican arguments about the Law on the Expiration of the Punitive Claims of the State: a look from the position of the actors in the political systemAbstract Most of the crimes against human rights committed by the Uruguayan government during the military dictatorship period remain unpunished. This is due in part, by the adoption in 1986 of Law on the Expiration of the Punitive Claims of the State, limiting the judiciary to intervene over such crimes. However, policy discussions about the violations of human rights are still present and far from an endpoint. The actors of the political system have taken very different positions over this matter with changes according to the political situation of the country. In this article, we present the liberal and republican positions of these actors to argue their attitude towards the old theoretical discussion of human rights and popular sovereignty.
Hydrologic Impacts of Municipal Wastewater Irrigation to a Temperate Forest Watershed
Authors: Birch Andrew L. , Emanuel Ryan E. , James April L. , Nichols Elizabeth Guthrie 
Published: May 2016

Land application of municipal wastewater to managed forests is an important treatment and water reuse technology used globally, but the hydrological processes of these systems are not well characterized for temperate areas with annual rainfall of 1200 mm or greater. This study evaluated the impact of municipal wastewater irrigation to the local water balance at a 3000‐ha land application facility where secondary‐treated wastewater is land applied to a mixed hardwood–pine forest over 900 ha. Stable isotopes of hydrogen (2H) and oxygen (18O), chloride concentrations, and specific conductance were used in combination with hydrometric measurements to estimate the wastewater composition in groundwater, surface water, and at the watershed outlet during dry and wet seasonal periods and during one large rainfall event. Wastewater and water bodies receiving irrigation were found to have significantly higher δ2H, δ18O, specific conductance, and chloride concentrations. Using these tracers, a two‐component, three‐end member geochemical mixing model estimated mean wastewater compositions in the surficial aquifer receiving irrigation from 47 to 73%. Surface water onsite was found to reflect the high wastewater composition in groundwater. Land‐applied wastewater contributed an estimated 24% of total streamflow, with the highest wastewater compositions in surface water observed during major storm events and at low‐flow conditions. Groundwater and surface water within the watershed were found to have proportionally higher wastewater compositions than expected based on the proportion of irrigation to rainfall received by these areas.Core Ideas
Municipal wastewater irrigation to forested lands can substantially alter the local water cycle.
An aquifer receiving spray irrigation was found to be largely composed of wastewater (47–73%).
Influence of spray irrigation on receiving water bodies varies with respect to flow conditions.
CRAB FLARES DUE TO TURBULENT DISSIPATION OF THE PULSAR STRIPED WIND
Authors: Zrake Jonathan 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We interpret γ-ray flares from the Crab Nebula as the signature of turbulence in the pulsar’s electromagnetic outflow. Turbulence is triggered upstream by dynamical instability of the wind’s oscillating magnetic field and accelerates non-thermal particles. On impacting the wind-termination shock, these particles emit a distinct synchrotron component

, which is constantly modulated by intermittency of the upstream plasma flow. Flares are observed when the high-energy cutoff of

emerges above the fast-declining nebular emission around 0.1–1 GeV. Simulations carried out in the force-free electrodynamics approximation predict the striped wind to become fully turbulent well ahead of the wind-termination shock, provided its terminal Lorentz factor is

.
MEASUREMENTS OF THE SOFT GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM SN2014J WITH SUZAKU
Authors: Terada Y. , Maeda K. , Fukazawa Y. , Bamba A. , Ueda Y. , Katsuda S. , Enoto T. , Takahashi T. , Tamagawa T. , Röpke F. K. , Summa A. , Diehl R. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The hard X-ray detector (HXD) on board Suzaku measured soft γ-rays from the SN Ia SN2014J at 77 ± 2 days after the explosion. Although the confidence level of the signal is about 90% (i.e., 2σ), the 3σ upper limit has been derived at <2.2 × 10−4 ph s−1 cm−2 in the 170–250 keV band as the first independent measurement of soft γ-rays with an instrument other than INTEGRAL. For this analysis, we have examined the reproducibility of the NXB model of HXD/GSO using blank sky data. We find that the residual count rate in the 90–500 keV band is distributed around an average of 0.19% with a standard deviation of 0.42% relative to the NXB rate. The averaged residual signals are consistent with that expected from the cosmic X-ray background. The flux of SN2014J derived from Suzaku measurements taken in one snapshot at t = 77 ± 2 days after the explosion is consistent with the INTEGRAL values averaged over the period between t = 50 and 100 days and also with explosion models of single or double degenerate scenarios. Being sensitive to the total ejecta mass surrounding the radioactive material, the ratio between continuum and line flux in the soft gamma-ray regime might distinguish different progenitor models. The Suzaku data have been examined with this relation at t = 77 ± 2 days, but could not distinguish models between single and double degenerate-progenitors. We disfavor explosion models with larger 56Ni masses than 1 M
⊙, from our 1σ error on the 170–250 keV X-ray flux of (1.2 ± 0.7) × 10−4 ph s−1 cm−2.
THE LIKELY FERMI DETECTION OF THE SUPERNOVA REMNANT SN 1006
Authors: Xing Yi , Wang Zhongxiang , Zhang Xiao , Chen Yang 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the likely detection of γ-ray emission from the northeast shell region of the historical supernova remnant (SNR) SN 1006. Having analyzed seven years of Fermi Large Area Telescope Pass 8 data for the region of SN 1006, we found a GeV gamma-ray source detected with

significance. Both the position and spectrum of the source match those of HESS J1504−418, respectively, which is TeV emission from SN 1006. Considering the source as the GeV γ-ray counterpart to SN 1006, the broadband spectral energy distribution is found to be approximately consistent with the leptonic scenario that has been proposed for the TeV emission from the SNR. Our result has likely confirmed the previous study of the SNRs with TeV shell-like morphology: SN 1006 is one of them sharing very similar peak luminosity and spectral shape.
PROPERTIES OF CARBON–OXYGEN WHITE DWARFS FROM MONTE CARLO STELLAR MODELS
Authors: Fields C. E. , Farmer R. , Petermann I. , Iliadis C. , Timmes F. X. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate properties of carbon–oxygen white dwarfs with respect to the composite uncertainties in the reaction rates using the stellar evolution toolkit, Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) and the probability density functions in the reaction rate library STARLIB. These are the first Monte Carlo stellar evolution studies that use complete stellar models. Focusing on 3

models evolved from the pre main-sequence to the first thermal pulse, we survey the remnant core mass, composition, and structure properties as a function of 26 STARLIB reaction rates covering hydrogen and helium burning using a Principal Component Analysis and Spearman Rank-Order Correlation. Relative to the arithmetic mean value, we find the width of the 95% confidence interval to be

0.019

for the core mass at the first thermal pulse, Δ

12.50 Myr for the age,

0.013 for the central temperature,

0.060 for the central density,

2.6 × 10−5 for the central electron fraction,

5.8 × 10−4,

0.392, and

0.392. Uncertainties in the experimental 12C(

, triple-α, and 14N(

reaction rates dominate these variations. We also consider a grid of 1–6

models evolved from the pre main-sequence to the final white dwarf to probe the sensitivity of the initial–final mass relation to experimental uncertainties in the hydrogen and helium reaction rates.
TOWARD PRECISION BLACK HOLE MASSES WITH ALMA: NGC 1332 AS A CASE STUDY IN MOLECULAR DISK DYNAMICS
Authors: Barth Aaron J. , Darling Jeremy , Baker Andrew J. , Boizelle Benjamin D. , Buote David A. , Ho Luis C. , Walsh Jonelle L. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We present first results from a program of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) CO(2–1) observations of circumnuclear gas disks in early-type galaxies. The program was designed with the goal of detecting gas within the gravitational sphere of influence of the central black holes (BHs). In NGC 1332, the 0.″3-resolution ALMA data reveal CO emission from the highly inclined (

) circumnuclear disk, spatially coincident with the dust disk seen in Hubble Space Telescope images. The disk exhibits a central upturn in maximum line-of-sight velocity, reaching ±500 km s−1 relative to the systemic velocity, consistent with the expected signature of rapid rotation around a supermassive BH. Rotational broadening and beam smearing produce complex and asymmetric line profiles near the disk center. We constructed dynamical models for the rotating disk and fitted the modeled CO line profiles directly to the ALMA data cube. Degeneracy between rotation and turbulent velocity dispersion in the inner disk precludes the derivation of strong constraints on the BH mass, but model fits allowing for a plausible range in the magnitude of the turbulent dispersion imply a central mass in the range of ∼(4–8) × 108

. We argue that gas-kinematic observations resolving the BH’s projected radius of influence along the disk’s minor axis will have the capability to yield BH mass measurements that are largely insensitive to systematic uncertainties in turbulence or in the stellar mass profile. For highly inclined disks, this is a much more stringent requirement than the usual sphere-of-influence criterion.
L’adieu aux armes ?
Authors: Richard Béatrice 
Published: May 2016

Comment s’effectue le retour du guerrier au sein d’une société civile pacifique et prospère ? La question se pose notamment au Canada. Éloignés des grands théâtres d’opération du xx e siècle, les Canadiens ont vécu ces événements sur un mode schizophrénique : les uns sur la ligne de feu, plongés dans la tourmente, les autres sur un front domestique protégé des affres du combat. Dans ce contexte singulier, le choc des « cultures » entre vétérans et civils s’avère inévitable. Comment les vétérans ont-ils vécu leur retour ? Quelles sont les manifestations de leur crise du retour ? En signant sa démobilisation, le soldat est convié à dissoudre instantanément son habitus guerrier dans les promesses du rêve américain. L’État-providence émergent lui assigne une vie paisible et rangée mais ce processus, essentiellement instrumental, évacue les dimensions symboliques de la « civilianisation ». Au mieux, la collectivité commémore le sacrifice suprême de ses héros, mais ne se préoccupe guère des survivants, présumant qu’ils sont re(de)venus « comme avant ». Aussi ne propose-t-elle pas de rituels « ré-agrégateurs » qui déchargeraient solennellement le combattant de l’hybris dont la nation en guerre l’avait investi. L’ancien combattant se débrouille donc seul pour refouler son « côté obscur » et faire le deuil de sa « famille » d’armes. Certains y parviennent mieux que d’autres. Mais revient-on jamais de guerre ?
Ensinando Termodinâmica por meio de Experimentos de Baixo Custo
Authors: Rocha Ricardo Florencio Alves , Dickman Adriana Gomes 
Published: May 2016

<p>Neste trabalho, apresenta-se o kit Caixa Mágica com experimentos de termodinâmica para alunos do Ensino Médio. Os experimentos utiliziam material de baixo custo, incluindo materiais reciclados, facilmente adaptáveis em salas de aula. A Caixa Mágica foi testada em uma escola estadual com alunos do segundo ano do ensino médio. O impacto das experiências como estímulo no processo de ensino e aprendizagem do conteúdo de termodinâmica foi investigado por meio de questionários aplicados antes e após a experimentação. O nível de acerto dos questionários aumentou significativamente após os experimentos, sugerindo que a abordagem é eficiente.</p>
Radiotomography and HF ray tracing of the artificially disturbed ionosphere above the Sura heating facility
Authors: Andreeva E. S. , Frolov V. L. , Kunitsyn V. E. , Kryukovskii A. S. , Lukin D. S. , Nazarenko M. O. , Padokhin A. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present the results of the radiotomographic imaging of the artificial ionospheric disturbances obtained in the recent experiments on the modification of the midlatitude ionosphere by powerful HF radiowaves carried out at the Sura heater. Radio transmissions from low orbital PARUS beacon satellites recorded at the specially installed network of three receiving sites were used for the remote sensing of the heated ionosphere. We discuss the possibility to generate acoustic‐gravity waves (AGWs) with special regimes of ionospheric heating (with the square wave modulation of the effective radiated power at the frequency lower than or of the order of the Brunt‐Vaisala frequency of the neutral atmosphere at ionospheric heights during several hours) and present radiotomographic images of the spatial structure of the disturbed volume of the ionosphere corresponding to the directivity pattern of the heater, as well as the spatial structure of the wave‐like disturbances, which are possibly heating‐induced AGWs, diverging from the heated area of the ionosphere. We also studied the HF propagation of the pumping wave through the reconstructed disturbed ionosphere above the Sura heater, showing the presence of heater‐created, field‐aligned irregularities that effectively serve as “artificial radio windows.”
Tandem Catalysis Utilizing Olefin Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Zieliński Grzegorz K. , Grela Karol 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSince olefin metathesis transformation has become a favored synthetic tool in organic synthesis, more and more distinct non‐metathetical reactions of alkylidene ruthenium complexes have been developed. Depending on the conditions applied, the same olefin metathesis catalysts can efficiently promote isomerization reactions, hydrogenation of C=C double bonds, oxidation reactions, and many others. Importantly, these transformations can be carried out in tandem with olefin metathesis reactions. Through addition of one portion of a catalyst, a tandem process provides structurally advanced products from relatively simple substrates without the need for isolation of the intermediates. These aspects not only make tandem catalysis very attractive from a practical point of view, but also open new avenues in (retro)synthetic planning. However, in the literature, the term “tandem process” is sometimes used improperly to describe other types of multi‐reaction sequences. In this Concept, a number of examples of tandem catalysis involving olefin metathesis are discussed with an emphasis on their synthetic value.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Phosphorus. Part 167. Constitutional and Configurational Isomers of Pentaphosphane(7), P5H7.
Authors: BAUDLER M. , KRAUSE U. M. , HAHN J. , RIEKEHOF‐BOEHMER R. + 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhosphane mixtures, containing 10‐15% of the overall P content as P5H7, are obtained by thermolysis of P2H4.