bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence supporting laparoscopic major hepatectomy
Authors: Cheek Susannah M. , Sucandy Iswanto , Tsung Allan , Marsh J. Wallis , Geller David A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLaparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has been increasing in frequency with over 9,000 cases done worldwide. Benefits of laparoscopic resection include less blood loss, smaller incisions, decreased postoperative morbidity, and shorter length of stay compared to open liver resection. With increased experience, several centers have reported series of laparoscopic major hepatectomy, although this represents only about 25% of total LLR performed. Evidence is accumulating to support laparoscopic major hepatectomy with the understanding that there is a steep learning curve, and surgeons should begin with minor LLR before moving on to laparoscopic major hepatectomy. Controversy still remains concerning indications, techniques, learning curve, risks, and long‐term cancer outcomes with laparoscopic major hepatectomy.
The current state of pediatric hospital medicine fellowships: A survey of program directors
Authors: Shah Neha H. , Rhim Hai Jung H. , Maniscalco Jennifer , Wilson Karen , Rassbach Caroline 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDPediatric hospital medicine (PHM) fellowship programs have grown rapidly over the last 20 years and have varied in duration and content. In an effort to standardize training in the absence of a single accrediting body, PHM fellowship directors now meet annually to discuss strategies for standardizing and enhancing training.OBJECTIVESTo explore similarities and differences in curricular structure among PHM fellowship programs in an effort to inform future curriculum standardization efforts.METHODSAn electronic survey was distributed by e‐mail to all PHM fellowship directors in April 2014. The survey consisted of 30 multiple‐choice and short‐answer questions focused on various curricular aspects of training developed by the authors.RESULTSTwenty‐seven of 31 fellowship programs (87%) responded to the survey. Duration of most programs was 2 years (63%), with 6, 1‐year programs (22%) and 4 (15%) 3‐year programs making up the remainder. The average amount of clinical time among programs was 50% (range approximately 20%–65%). In addition to general inpatient pediatric service time, most programs require other clinical rotations. The majority of programs allow fellows to bill independently for their services. Most programs offer certificate courses, courses for credit or noncredit courses, with 11 programs offering masters' degrees. Twenty‐one (81%) programs provide a scholarship oversight committee for their fellows. Current fellows' primary areas of research are varied.CONCLUSIONThough variability exists regarding program length, clinical composition, and nonclinical offerings, several common themes emerged that may help inform the development of a standard curriculum for use across all programs. This information provides a useful starting point if pediatric hospital medicine obtains formal subspecialty status. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:324–328. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Reproducibility of myocardial T1 and T2 relaxation time measurement using slice‐interleaved T1 and T2 mapping sequences
Authors: Bellm Steven , Basha Tamer A. , Shah Ravi V. , Murthy Venkatesh L. , Liew Charlene , Tang Maxine , Ngo Long H. , Manning Warren J. , Nezafat Reza 
Published: April 2016

PurposeTo assess measurement reproducibility and image quality of myocardial T1 and T2 maps using free‐breathing slice‐interleaved T1 and T2 mapping sequences at 1.5 Tesla (T).Materials and MethodsEleven healthy subjects (33 ± 16 years; 6 males) underwent a slice‐interleaved T1 and T2 mapping test/retest cardiac MR study at 1.5T on 2 days. For each day, subjects were imaged in two sessions with removal out of the magnet and repositioning before the subsequent session. We studied measurement reproducibility as well as the required sample size for sufficient statistical power to detect a predefined change in T1 and T2. In a separate prospective study, we assessed T1 and T2 map image quality in 241 patients (54 ± 15 years; 73 women) with known/suspected cardiovascular disease referred for clinical cardiac MR. A subjective quality score was used to assess a segment‐based image quality.ResultsIn the healthy cohort, the slice‐interleaved T1 measurements were highly reproducible, with global coefficients of variation (CVs) of 2.4% between subjects, 2.1% between days, and 1.7% between sessions. Slice‐interleaved T2 mapping sequences provided similar reproducibility with global CVs of 7.2% between subjects, 6.3% between days, and 5.0 between sessions. A lower variability resulted in a reduction of the required number of subjects to achieve a certain statistical power when compared with other T1 mapping sequences. In the subjective image quality assessment, >80% of myocardial segments had interpretable data.ConclusionSlice‐interleaved T1 and T2 mapping sequences yield highly reproducible T1 and T2 measurements with >80% of interpretable myocardial segments. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1159–1167.
Reproducibility of three different cardiac T2‐mapping sequences at 1.5T
Authors: Baeßler Bettina , Schaarschmidt Frank , Stehning Christian , Schnackenburg Bernhard , Giolda Agathe , Maintz David , Bunck Alexander C. 
Published: April 2016

PurposeTo elucidate the impact of technical and intraindividual reproducibility on the overall variability of myocardial T2 relaxation times.Materials and MethodsThirty healthy volunteers were examined three times (day 1 morning/evening, evening after 2–3 weeks) at 1.5T. During each examination three different T2‐mapping sequences were acquired twice at three slices in short axis view: multi‐echo‐spin‐echo (MESE), T2‐prepared balanced steady‐state free precession (SSFP) (T2prep), and gradient‐spin‐echo with and without fat saturation (GraSE/GraSEFS). Repeated measurements were performed for T2prep and GraSE. Segmented T2‐maps were generated for each slice according to the American Heart Association (AHA) 16‐segment model.ResultsThe coefficients of variation and intraclass correlation coefficients for intraobserver variability were: 1.3% and 0.89 for T2prep, 1.5% and 0.93 for GraSE, 3.1% and 0.83 for MESE; and for interobserver variability: 3.3% and 0.66 for T2prep, 2.0% and 0.83 for GraSE, 3.6% and 0.77 for MESE. No systematic difference of T2 times was observed due to diurnal effects and on long‐term analysis using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey‐type multiple comparisons (morning vs. evening scan for T2prep: 52.5 ± 2.4 vs. 51.7 ± 2.7 msec, P = 0.119; for GraSE: 58.6 ± 4.0 vs. 58.5 ± 3.8 msec, P = 0.984; for GraSEFS 57.1 ± 3.2 vs. 57.2 ± 3.9 msec, P = 0.998, and for MESE: 53.8 ± 2.7 vs. 53.3 ± 3.3 msec, P = 0.541; scans between weeks for T2prep: 51.7 ± 2.7 vs. 51.4 ± 2.4 msec, P = 0.873; for GraSE: 58.5 ± 3.8 vs. 58.1 ± 3.4 msec, P = 0.736; for GraSEFS: 57.2 ± 3.9 vs. 57.0 ± 4.6 msec, P = 0.964, and for MESE: 53.3 ± 3.3 vs. 53.4 ± 2.4 msec, P = 0.970). ANOVA components, however, demonstrated a greater variance of T2 times over multiple timepoints than for repeated measurements within the same scan (variance components of the model fit for intraday variance vs. repeated measurements: T2prep 2.22 vs. 1.36, GraSE 3.76 vs. 2.09, GraSEFS 3.96 vs. 1.58, MESE 1.86; and for interweeks variance vs. repeated measurements: T2prep 2.21 vs. 0.80, GraSE 3.20 vs. 2.10, GraSEFS 8.82 vs. 1.18, and MESE 4.49).ConclusionTechnical reproducibility and intra‐ and interobserver agreement of myocardial T2 relaxation times are excellent and intraindividual variation over time is small. Therefore, we consider subject‐related factors to explain most of the interindividual variability of myocardial T2 times reported in previous studies. The acknowledgment of this subject‐related, biological variability may be important for the future diagnostic value of T2‐mapping. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1168–1178.
Sensitivity of MRI parameters within intervertebral discs to the severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Huber Maxime , Gilbert Guillaume , Roy Julien , Parent Stefan , Labelle Hubert , Périé Delphine 
Published: April 2016

PurposeTo measure magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters including relaxation times (T1ρ, T2), magnetization transfer (MT) and diffusion parameters (mean diffusivity [MD], fractional anisotropy [FA]) of intervertebral discs in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, and to investigate the sensitivity of these MR parameters to the severity of the spine deformities.Materials and MethodsThirteen patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and three control volunteers with no history of spine disease underwent an MRI acquisition at 3T including the mapping of T1ρ, T2, MT, MD, and FA. The apical zone included all discs within the scoliotic curve while the control zone was composed of other discs. The severity was analyzed through low (<32°) versus high (>40°) Cobb angles. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) were performed.ResultsSignificant differences were found between the apical zone and the control zone for T2 (P = 0.047), and between low and high Cobb angles for T2 (P = 0.014) and MT (P = 0.002). AHC showed two distinct clusters, one with mainly low Cobb angles and one with mainly high Cobb angles, for the MRI parameters measured within the apical zone, with an accuracy of 0.9 and a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.8. Within the control zone, the AHC showed no clear classification (accuracy of 0.6 and MCC of 0.2).ConclusionWe successfully performed an in vivo multiparametric MRI investigation of young patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The MRI parameters measured within the intervertebral discs were found to be sensitive to intervertebral disc degeneration occurring with scoliosis and to the severity of scoliosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1123–1131.
Axillary reverse mapping in patients with breast cancer: Is it oncologically safe?
Authors: Ngui Nicholas K. , French James , Kilby Christopher J. , Pathmanathan Nirmala , Elder Elisabeth E. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundAxillary reverse mapping (ARM) is a technique used to identify the lymphatics draining the arm. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of ARM node metastases in breast cancer patients undergoing an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).MethodsA total of 87 patients were enrolled in this study. Patent V Blue dye was injected in the upper arm for ARM node localization. All patients had an ALND with the identified ARM node removed and sent separately for histologic analysis.ResultsOf 67 (77%) patients in whom an ARM node was identified, 49 (73%) were negative and 18 (27%) were positive for metastases on final histopathology. Positive ARM node status was significantly associated with advanced axillary disease, and larger primary cancers. Patients requiring a completion ALND due to a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with non‐suspicious ARM nodes during surgery did not have ARM node metastases.ConclusionsThere is a high risk of ARM node involvement, approximately a quarter, in patients with preoperatively known lymph node metastases from breast cancer. However, it may be safe to preserve a clinically non‐suspicious ARM node in patients with a positive SLNB who require a completion ALND. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:726–731. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rare breast cancer: 246 invasive secretory carcinomas from the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Jacob John Doromal , Hodge Caitlin , Franko Jan , Pezzi Christopher M. , Goldman Charles D. , Klimberg Vicki Suzanne 
Published: April 2016

Background and ObjectivesInvasive secretory breast carcinoma (SBC) is a rare subtype of breast malignancy.MethodsCases of SBC and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) from the National Cancer Database (1998–2011) were queried.ResultsPatients with SBC (n = 246) and IDC were identified (n = 1,564,068). The group with SBC was younger (age 56.4 ± 16.0 vs. 60.4 ± 13.9 years, P < 0.001), had similar tumor size (19.9 ± 17.8 vs. 21.6 ± 25.5 mm, P = 0.297), more frequently African‐Americans (24.1 vs. 14.8 vs. 13.7; P = 0.004), more well‐differentiated (32 vs. 18%, P < 0.001) and less likely to be hormone receptor positive (ER: 64 vs. 76%, P = 0.001; PR: 43 vs. 65%, P < 0.001). No differences were found for incidence of node‐positivity (32 vs. 34%, P = 0.520) and stage IV presentation (2.4 vs. 3.6%, P = 0.372). Breast conserving surgery (60 vs. 58%, P = 0.405) and hormonal therapy (67 vs. 71%, P = 0.489) rates were similar. Systemic chemotherapy was used less often for SBC (38 vs. 45%, P = 0.035). The overall survival of all patients with SBC was better than all patients with IDC (median not reached vs. 14.8 years, P = 0.025).ConclusionSBC is an uncommon tumor that is often well‐differentiated and seen in younger women. Contrary to prior reports, they are frequently hormone receptor‐positive. Compared to IDC, overall survival is improved. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:721–725. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Access to Research: An innovative and successful initiative by the UK publishing industry
Authors: Griffin Jonathan 
Published: April 2016

Key points

Access to Research is an online service for local libraries across the UK.
Many large STM publishers have provided free walk‐in access to their content.
The initiative is in response to a recommendation in the government‐commissioned ‘Finch Report’ on improving access to publically funded research.
The service has just completed a 2‐year pilot, and toward the end of the pilot, research was commissioned to understand its impact.
The research demonstrated the value of the service to local library users, so publishers’ local libraries have decided to continue providing the service.
Selective feeding by the giant barrel sponge enhances foraging efficiency
Authors: McMurray Steven E. , Johnson Zackary I. , Hunt Dana E. , Pawlik Joseph R. , Finelli Christopher M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractForaging theory predicts the evolution of feeding behaviors that increase consumer fitness. Sponges were among the earliest metazoans on earth and developed a unique filter‐feeding mechanism that does not rely on a nervous system. Once thought indiscriminate, sponges are now known to selectively consume picoplankton, but it is unclear whether this confers any benefit. Additionally, sponges consume dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and detritus, but relative preferences for these resources are unknown. We quantified suspension feeding by the giant barrel sponge Xestospongia muta on Conch Reef, Florida, to examine relationships between diet choice, food resource availability, and foraging efficiency. Sponges consistently preferred cyanobacteria over other picoplankton, which were preferred over detritus and DOC; nevertheless, the sponge diet was mostly DOC (∼70%) and detritus (∼20%). Consistent with foraging theory, less‐preferred foods were discriminated against when relatively scarce, but were increasingly accepted as they became relatively more abundant. Food uptake was limited, likely by post‐capture constraints, yet selective foraging enabled sponges to increase nutritional gains.
Light emitting diode mediated photobiomodulation therapy improves orthodontic tooth movement and miniscrew stability: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ekizer Abdullah , Türker Gökhan , Uysal Tancan , Güray Enis , Taşdemir Zekeriya 
Published: April 2016

Background and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of light‐emitting diode‐mediated‐photobiomodulation therapy (LPT) on the stability of miniscrews, rate of orthodontic tooth movement, and interleukin‐1β levels in gingival and peri‐implant crevicular fluid.Materials and MethodsThis study was a double blind, randomized placebo/control matched pairs clinical trial to test the efficacy of LPT. This split‐mouth design study consisted of 20 patients (13 girls, 7 boys). The eligibility criteria included patients who had extraction of maxillary first premolars. Mini‐screws were placed between maxillary first molars and second premolars on both sides as anchorage units. LPT was applied with an energy density of 20 mW/cm2 over a period of 21 successive days (20 minutes per day) over the movement of canine teeth on the test side and using a pseudo application on the placebo side. The main outcome of this study was to assess effect of LPT on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. The secondary outcomes were measuring stability of miniscrews and interleukin‐1β levels in gingival and peri‐implant crevicular fluid after LPT. Randomization was accomplished with random LPT application side selection by coin toss. Measurements were made by blinding clinicians. Blinding of the patients was achieved using the same LPT device on both sides but irradiating only one side. For statistical comparison, paired samples t‐test and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used at P < 0.05 level.ResultsMiniscrew stability was similar between control and LPT groups at baseline (T0) and the 1st month (T1). However, miniscrew stability was significantly increased in the LPT group in 2nd (T2) and 3rd (T3) months. Comparison of tooth movement during three different time intervals (T1–T0, T2–T1, and T3‐T2) revealed that statistically significantly increased in every time intervals after LPT. No statistically significant change was detected in the IL‐1β levels between groups.ConclusionLPT had the potential of accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and had a positive effect on miniscrew stability. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:936–943, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers from Poly(2‐oxazoline) with Different Hydrophobic Blocks: Changes of the Micellar Structures upon Addition of a Strongly Hydrophobic Cancer Drug
Authors: Jaksch Sebastian , Schulz Anita , Di Zhenyu , Luxenhofer Robert , Jordan Rainer , Papadakis Christine M. 
Published: April 2016

Amphiphilic triblock copolymers with poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) (MeOx) end blocks and a poly(2‐n‐butyl‐2‐oxazoline) (nBuOx) middle block have been found to solubilize large amounts of the cancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) whereas this is not the case when the middle block is more hydrophobic, such as poly(2‐n‐nonyl‐2‐oxazoline) (NOx) (Schulz et al., ACS Nano2014, 8, 2686). To further elucidate the origin of this behavior, dilute aqueous solutions (5–10 mg mL−1) of these two copolymers have been investigated by small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS), both in the absence and presence of PTX. Whereas PMeOx‐b‐PNOx‐b‐PMeOx forms mainly worm‐like micelles coexisting with large aggregates, spherical micelles are predominant in PMeOx‐b‐PnBuOx‐b‐PMeOx. Already small PTX concentrations lead to shape changes in PMeOx‐b‐PNOx‐b‐PMeOx toward spherical micelles. In contrast, changes in the aggregation behavior of PMeOx‐b‐PnBuOx‐b‐PMeOx are only observed at higher PTX concentrations with a transformation into raspberry‐like particles, which may explain the high PTX loading capacity of PMeOx‐b‐PnBuOx‐b‐PMeOx micelles.
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Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and clinical features in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutation carriers
Authors: Vilas Dolores , Shaw Leslie M. , Taylor Peggy , Berg Daniela , Brockmann Kathrin , Aasly Jan , Marras Connie , Pont‐Sunyer Claustre , Ríos José , Marek Ken , Tolosa Eduardo 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundMutations in the leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common cause of inherited Parkinson's disease (PD). Nonmanifesting carriers of LRRK2 mutations are at high risk for developing PD. Information available on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in LRRK2 carriers remains preliminary.ObjectivesTo measure CSF levels of α‐synuclein, β amyloid1‐42, total‐tau, and phospho‐tau181, in LRRK2‐associated PD, idiopathic PD, nonmanifesting carriers, and first‐degree relatives of LRRK2‐associated PD patients without the mutation (nonmanifesting noncarriers). To correlate the clinical features and the integrity of the nigrostriatal pathway assessed by neuroimaging with the CSF biomarkers.Methods138 CSF samples provided by the Michael J. Fox Foundation LRRK2 Cohort Consortium were analyzed: 28 LRRK2‐associated PD, 35 idiopathic PD, 41 nonmanifesting carriers, and 34 nonmanifesting noncarriers. All of the participants in the study were clinically assessed. Most of the participants underwent a dopamine transporter scan to assess the integrity of the nigrostriatal pathway.ResultsCSF levels of α‐synuclein were similar in LRRK2‐associated PD, nonmanifesting carriers, and nonmanifesting noncarriers but significantly higher than in idiopathic PD (P = .041). No differences were found in the concentrations of β amyloid1‐42, total‐tau, or phospho‐tau181 among study groups. CSF alpha‐synuclein levels strongly correlated with total‐tau and phospo‐tau181 levels in all groups. No significant correlation was found between the CSF biomarkers and the striatal binding ratios for (123)I‐FP‐CIT in nonmanifesting carriers.ConclusionThe CSF protein profile differs in LRRK2‐associated PD and idiopathic PD, suggesting that pathophysiological mechanisms different from IPD underlie LRRK2‐associated PD. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers did not prove helpful in differentiating asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers from noncarriers. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Composite grafting with pulp adipofascial advancement flaps for treating non‐replantable fingertip amputations
Authors: Lai Hsin‐Ti , Wu Sheng‐Hua , Lai Ya‐Wei , Hsieh Tung‐Ying , Lee Su‐Shin , David Wang Hui‐Min , Chang Kao‐Ping , Lin Sin‐Daw , Lai Chung‐Sheng , Huang Shu‐Hung 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundNon‐replantable fingertip amputation is still a clinical challenge. We performed modified composite grafting with pulp adipofascial advancement flap for Hirase IIA fingertip amputations. Results from a series of patients are presented and achieved better outcome than traditional composite grafting. Patients and Methods: From September 2012 to April 2014, fourteen patients with sixteen digits were included in our study. Mean age of patients was 43.9 years (20‐71 years). All of our patients underwent this procedure under digital block anesthesia. We performed pulp adipofascial advancement flap for better soft tissue coverage of bone exposure stump first. The amputated parts were defatted, trimming, and reattached as composite graft. Age and gender of patients, injured finger, Hirase classification, mechanism of trauma, overall graft survival area, two‐point discrimination (2PD) (mm) at six‐month, length of shortening of digit, The average disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score and subjective self‐evaluation questionnaire at 6 month were recorded. Results: Average graft survival area was 89% (75‐100%). Average length of shortening was 2.2 mm (1.8‐3.5 mm). 2PD at six‐month after surgery was 6.3 mm in average (5‐8 mm). Average DASH score at 6 month was 1.45 (0.83‐2.5). The self‐evaluated aesthetic results showed twelve patients (85.7%) were very satisfied, and no patient was completely unsatisfied. Conclusions: In Hirase zone IIA traumatic fingertip amputation where replantation is difficult, our modified technique of composite grafting with pulp adipofascial advancement flap provided an alternative choice with high successful rate, acceptable functional and aesthetic outcomes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:651–657, 2016.