bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mixing Efficiency of Stratified Turbulent Boundary Layers
Authors: Scotti Alberto , White Brian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe mixing efficiency observed in stratified turbulent boundary layers is considered within the framework of the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. It is shown that the efficiency within the layer increases with distance from the boundary. Near the boundary, the efficiency is proportional to the distance from the boundary scaled with the Monin–Obukhov length. Far from the boundary, the efficiency relaxes to a value that depends on the overall thickness of the layer relative to the Monin–Obukhov layer. This value approaches 1/6 when the thickness is larger than 1/2 of the Monin–Obukhov length. The same analysis shows that the buoyancy Reynolds number cannot be used to unequivocally predict the efficiency. The −1/2 scaling between the efficiency and buoyancy Reynolds number that has been observed in field measurements and experiments is shown to depend on an extra dimensional scale and thus is not universal.
Can PFTS Differentiate PVFMD From Subglottic Stenosis?
Authors: Soldatova Liuba , Hrelec Candace , Matrka Laura 
Published: August 2016

Objective: To determine if the results of routine spirometry and flow volume loops (Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)) can be used to distinguish Paradoxic Vocal Fold Movement Disorder (PVFMD) from Subglottic Stenosis (SGS). Methods: PFT records and medical history of 49 patients with diagnosis of PVFMD and 39 patients with SGS were compared. Groups were then subdivided to compare PFTs in patients with and without smoking history or lung disease. Results: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and Expiratory Disproportion Index (ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) over PEFR (FEV1/PEFR)) were both significantly different between patients with SGS and those with PVFMD ( p<0.02). FEV1 was also significantly different, but only in the patients with no smoking history or lung disease ( p<0.02). Conclusions: The findings suggest that spirometry can be a valuable tool in distinguishing SGS from PVFMD. Previous studies have shown the utility of PFTs for distinguishing SGS from pulmonary pathology, but this is the first study to exploit PFTs for distinction of SGS from PVFMD. Given that the flexible laryngoscopic exam used to diagnose PVFMD does not always visualize the subglottis completely, PFTs can be used to increase suspicion of SGS and direct further work-up.
Frequency of KLK3 gene deletions in the general population
Authors: Rodriguez Santiago , Al-Ghamdi Osama A , Guthrie Philip AI , Shihab Hashem A , McArdle Wendy , Gaunt Tom , Alharbi Khalid K , Day Ian NM 
Published: August 2016

Background One of the kallikrein genes ( KLK3) encodes prostate-specific antigen, a key biomarker for prostate cancer. A number of factors, both genetic and non-genetic, determine variation of serum prostate-specific antigen concentrations in the population. We have recently found three KLK3 deletions in individuals with very low prostate-specific antigen concentrations, suggesting a link between abnormally reduced KLK3 expression and deletions of KLK3. Here, we aim to determine the frequency of kallikrein gene 3 deletions in the general population. Methods The frequency of KLK3 deletions in the general population was estimated from the 1958 Birth Cohort sample ( n = 3815) using amplification ratiometry control system. In silico analyses using PennCNV were carried out in the same cohort and in NBS-WTCCC2 in order to provide an independent estimation of the frequency of KLK3 deletions in the general population. Results Amplification ratiometry control system results from the 1958 cohort indicated a frequency of KLK3 deletions of 0.81% (3.98% following a less stringent calling criterion). From in silico analyses, we found that potential deletions harbouring the KLK3 gene occurred at rates of 2.13% (1958 Cohort, n = 2867) and 0.99% (NBS-WTCCC2, n = 2737), respectively. These results are in good agreement with our in vitro experiments. All deletions found were in heterozygosis. Conclusions We conclude that a number of individuals from the general population present KLK3 deletions in heterozygosis. Further studies are required in order to know if interpretation of low serum prostate-specific antigen concentrations in individuals with KLK3 deletions may offer false-negative assurances with consequences for prostate cancer screening, diagnosis and monitoring.
Class Struggle in the Bolivarian Process
Authors: Azzellini Dario 
Published: August 2016

Workers’ initiatives and government measures in Venezuela to increase workers’ participation in the management of their companies sharply contrast with institutional actions that intend to inhibit and reduce such participation. Despite this, the movement for workers’ control in Venezuela has grown in recent years and achieved some important victories in conflicts in state companies. Las iniciativas de los trabajadores y las medidas del gobierno en Venezuela para aumentar la participación de los trabajadores en la gestión de sus compañías están en fuerte contraposición con las acciones institucionales que pretenden inhibir y reducir esa participación. A pesar de esto, el movimiento por el control obrero en Venezuela ha crecido en los últimos años y ha logrado algunas victorias importantes en varios conflictos en las compañías estatales.
Between Permanent Revolution and Permanent Liminality
Authors: Ivancheva Mariya P. 
Published: August 2016

After traditional academics mobilized university autonomy against government intervention and supported the coup d’état against Hugo Chávez, his government created a parallel system of public universities. María Egilda Castellano headed the effort to extend university access to poor Venezuelans. The events of her terms as vice minister of education (1999–2002) and rector of the Bolivarian University (2003–2004) and her subsequent career show the difficulty the Bolivarian government has had in creating sustainable institutions and challenge the applicability of the concept of permanent revolution to the Bolivarian process. Después de que los académicos tradicionales usaron la autonomía universitaria en contra de la intervención del gobierno y apoyaron el golpe de estado contra Hugo Chávez, su gobierno creó un sistema paralelo de universidades públicas. María Egilda Castellano dirigió el esfuerzo por extender el acceso a las universidades a los venezolanos pobres. Los resultados de su trabajo como vice ministra de educación (1999–2002) y rectora de la Universidad Bolivariana (2003–2004) y su subsiguiente carrera profesional demuestran la dificultad que el gobierno bolivariano ha tenido para crear instituciones sostenibles y pone en duda la aplicabilidad del concepto de revolución permanente al proceso bolivariano.
Occupying and Reclaiming a National Historical Monument
Authors: Márquez Francisca , Rozas-Krause Valentina 
Published: August 2016

Conceptual and ethnographic examination of the ideology that has given form to one of Chile’s most representative national historical monuments, the Casa Central of the Universidad de Chile, indicates that monuments are a complex social construction of historically situated ideologies and practices and that, simply by being artifacts, they are always at risk of never achieving unanimity as to their truth. The controversial nature of the monument’s meaning presents us with a problem with regard to its verisimilitude and its incorporation into a shared history. It may be suggested that the historical meaning of a monument is manifested in its commemoration and in corporal uses and practices. Un examen conceptual y etnográfico de la ideología que le ha dado forma a la Casa Central de la Universidad de Chile—uno de los monumentos históricos nacionales más representativos del país— revela que un monumento es una construcción social compleja de ideologías y prácticas situadas en un contexto histórico y que, simplemente por ser un artefacto, siempre correremos el riesgo de nunca alcanzar unanimidad en cuanto a su verdad. La naturaleza controvertida del significado del monumento nos plantea un problema con relación a su verosimilitud y a su incorporación en una historia compartida. Podemos decir que el significado histórico de un monumento se manifiesta en su conmemoración y en usos y prácticas corporales.
The Validity of the Comparative Interrupted Time Series Design for Evaluating the Effect of School-Level Interventions
Authors: Jacob Robin , Somers Marie-Andree , Zhu Pei , Bloom Howard 
Published: August 2016

Objective: In this article, we examine whether a well-executed comparative interrupted time series (CITS) design can produce valid inferences about the effectiveness of a school-level intervention. This article also explores the trade-off between bias reduction and precision loss across different methods of selecting comparison groups for the CITS design and assesses whether choosing matched comparison schools based only on preintervention test scores is sufficient to produce internally valid impact estimates. Research Design: We conduct a validation study of the CITS design based on the federal Reading First program as implemented in one state using results from a regression discontinuity design as a causal benchmark. Results: Our results contribute to the growing base of evidence regarding the validity of nonexperimental designs. We demonstrate that the CITS design can, in our example, produce internally valid estimates of program impacts when multiple years of preintervention outcome data (test scores in the present case) are available and when a set of reasonable criteria are used to select comparison organizations (schools in the present case).
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Authors: Baker Andrew B. , Xiao Christopher C. , O’Connell Brendan P. , Cline Jay M. , Gillespie M. Boyd 
Published: August 2016

Objectives(1) Determine the rate of postoperative complications, reoperation, readmission, and death after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for sleep apnea through multi‐institutional clinical data. (2) Compare outcomes of UPPP between multilevel and single‐level procedures for the treatment of sleep apnea.Study DesignRetrospective database analysis.MethodsThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program—a nationally validated, prospective, multi‐institutional database from 2005 to 2013—was analyzed for patients who underwent UPPP, per corresponding Current Procedural Terminology codes. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: UPPP alone, UPPP + nasal cavity (NC), and UPPP + base of tongue (BOT). Perioperative outcome measures of interest include surgical/medical complications, reoperation, readmission, and death. Comparisons were made among surgical groups through univariate cross‐sectional analysis.ResultsA total of 1079 patients underwent UPPP; 413 patients had UPPP + NC; and 200 patients had UPPP + BOT procedures. One death was reported for the entire cohort of patients. Among all 3 groups (UPPP, UPPP + NC, and UPPP + BOT), no differences were noted in the rates of medical complications (P =. 445), surgical complications (P =. 396), reoperation (P =. 332), and readmission (P =. 447). However, the length of hospital stay in days was greatest for the UPPP + BOT group (UPPP, 0.81 ± 0.69; UPPP + NC, 0.87 ± 0.90; UPPP + BOT, 1.50 ± 2.70; P <. 001).ConclusionThese national data demonstrate no significant increase in risk when UPPP is performed as a single‐ or multilevel procedure. When indicated, UPPP with multilevel procedures may be safely performed for treatment of sleep apnea. These data set a benchmark for perioperative risk in UPPP surgery and will prove useful for counseling patients.
C-arm cone-beam computed tomography with stereotactic needle guidance for percutaneous adrenal biopsy: initial experience
Authors: Jiao Dechao , Xie Na , Wu Gang , Ren JianZhuang , Han Xinwei 
Published: August 2016

Background Metastasis to the adrenal glands is frequent in patients with various cancers and adrenal gland biopsy is routinely performed using ultrasound or computed tomographic (CT) guidance. However, this method is technically challenging, especially in the case of small masses. Purpose To determine whether the new real-time stereotactic needle guidance technique C-arm cone-beam CT (CBCT) allows safe and accurate biopsy of adrenal gland masses, especially those in hard-to-reach anatomical locations. Material and Methods CBCT guidance was used to perform 60 stereotactic biopsy procedures of lesions that were inaccessible with ultrasound or CT guidance. The needle path was carefully planned and calculated on the CBCT virtual navigation guidance system, which acquired 3D CT-like cross-sectional images. The adrenal biopsy procedures were performed with fluoroscopic feedback. Technical success rate, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and complications were investigated. Results The technical success rate of adrenal biopsy under CBCT virtual navigation was 100%, with a mean total procedure time of 14.6 ± 3.6 min. Of the 60 lesions, 46 were malignant, 11 were benign, and three were non-diagnostic. The three non-diagnostic lesions proved to be malignant. Thus, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 93.8%, 100%, and 95.0%, respectively. Minor bleeding occurred in two (3.3%) cases. Conclusion CBCT guidance allows safe and accurate biopsy of adrenal gland masses and may be especially useful for hard-to-reach anatomical locations.
Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Failed Antidepressant Treatment Response in Major Depressive Disorder, Dysthymia, and Subthreshold Depression in Adults
Authors: MacQueen Glenda , Santaguida Pasqualina , Keshavarz Homa , Jaworska Natalia , Levine Mitchell , Beyene Joseph , Raina Parminder 
Published: August 2016

Objective: This systematic review critically evaluated clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for treating adults with major depressive disorder, dysthymia, or subthreshold or minor depression for recommendations following inadequate response to first-line treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Method: Searches for CPGs (January 2004 to November 2014) in English included 7 bibliographic databases and grey literature sources using CPG and depression as the keywords. Two raters selected CPGs on depression with a national scope. Data extraction included definitions of adequate response and recommended treatment options. Two raters assessed quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument. Results: From 46,908 citations, 3167 were screened at full text. From these 21 CPG were applicable to adults in primary care and outpatient settings. Five CPGs consider patients with dysthymia or subthreshold or minor depression. None provides recommendations for those who do not respond to first-line SSRI treatment. For adults with MDD, most CPGs do not define an “inadequate response” or provide specific suggestions regarding how to choose alternative medications when switching to an alternative antidepressant. There is variability between CPGs in recommending combination strategies. AGREE II ratings for stakeholder involvement in CPG development, editorial independence, and rigor of development are domains in which depression guidelines are often less robust. Conclusions: About half of patients with depression require second-line treatment to achieve remission. Consistency and clarity in guidelines for second-line treatment of depression are therefore important for clinicians but lacking in most current guidelines. This may reflect a paucity of primary studies upon which to base conclusions.
Outcomes of Osteomyelitis in Patients Hospitalized With Diabetic Foot Infections
Authors: Wukich Dane K. , Hobizal Kimberlee B. , Sambenedetto Tresa L. , Kirby Kristin , Rosario Bedda L. 
Published: August 2016

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of patients with diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) compared to diabetic foot soft tissue infections (STIs). Methods: 229 patients who were hospitalized with foot infections were retrospectively reviewed, identifying 155 patients with DFO and 74 patients with STI. Primary outcomes evaluated were the rates of amputations and length of hospital stay. DFO was confirmed by the presence of positive bone culture and/or histopathology. Results: Patients with DFO had a 5.6 times higher likelihood of overall amputation ( P < .0001), a 3.4 times higher likelihood of major amputation ( P = .027) and a 4.2 times higher likelihood of minor amputation ( P < .0001) compared to patients without DFO. Major amputation was performed in 16.7% patients diagnosed with DFO and 5.3% of patients diagnosed with STI. Patients with DFO complicated by Charcot neuroarthropathy had a 7 times higher likelihood of undergoing major amputation (odds ratio 6.78, 95% confidence interval 2.70-17.01, P < .0001). The mean hospital stay was 7 days in DFO and 6 days in patients with DFI ( P = .0082). Patients with DFO had a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (85 vs 71, P = .02) than patients with STI, however the differences in C-reactive protein (13.4 vs 11.8, P = .29) were not significantly different. Conclusion: In this study of moderate and severe DFIs, the presence of osteomyelitis resulted in a higher likelihood of amputation and longer hospital stay. Readers should recognize that the findings of this study may not be applicable to less severe cases of DFO that can be effectively managed in an outpatient setting. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative case series.
An Integrative Literature Review of Physical Activity Recommendations for Adult Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: O’Brien Tara , Hathaway Donna 
Published: August 2016

Objective: To establish the current state of knowledge regarding physical activity interventions for adult kidney transplant recipients. Data Sources: A comprehensive literature search was conducted for the years 2009 to 2015 using 5 electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and ScienceDirect. Data Extraction: Of the 110 articles identified, only 6 met inclusion requirements. These studies were conducted between 2009 and 2015 and found that weight gain was reported most often within the first year of transplantation and that kidney transplant recipients desired early interventions to help them become more physically active. Conclusion: Further research is recommended to design age-appropriate physical activity interventions among this aging population living with a chronic condition known to have a high prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular disease.
Role of Sorafenib in Patients With Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Liver Transplantation
Authors: de’Angelis Nicola , Landi Filippo , Nencioni Marco , Palen Anais , Lahat Eylon , Salloum Chady , Compagnon Philippe , Lim Chetana , Costentin Charlotte , Calderaro Julien , Luciani Alain , Feray Cyrille , Azoulay Daniel 
Published: August 2016

Context: The management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) is challenging, especially if it is not treatable by surgery or embolization. Objectives: The present study aims to compare the survival rates of liver transplanted patients receiving sorafenib or best supportive care (BSC) for HCC recurrence not amenable to curative intent treatments. Design: This is a retrospective comparative study on a prospectively maintained database. Participants: Liver transplanted patients with untreatable HCC recurrence receiving BSC (n = 18) until 2007 or sorafenib (n = 15) thereafter were compared. Results: No group difference was observed for demographic characteristics at the time of transplantation and at the time of HCC recurrence. On the explant pathology of the native liver, 81.2% patients were classified within the Milan criteria, and 53.1% presented with microvascular invasion. Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence was diagnosed 17.8 months (standard deviation: 14.5) after LT, with 17 (53.1%) patients presenting with early recurrence (≤12 months). The 1-year survival from untreatable progression of HCC recurrence was 23.9% for the BSC and 60% for the sorafenib group ( P = .002). The type of treatment (sorafenib vs BSC) was the sole independent predictor of survival (hazard ratio: 2.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.09-8.1; P = .033). In the sorafenib group, 8 (53.3%) patients required dose reduction, and 2 (13.3%) patients discontinued the treatment due to intolerable side effects. Conclusion: Sorafenib improves survival and is superior to the BSC in cases of untreatable posttransplant hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence.
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase is Elevated in Ischemic Acute Tubular Necrosis but Not in Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: Green Hefziba , Tobar Ana , Gafter-Gvili Anat , Leibovici Leonard , Klein Tirza , Rahamimov Ruth , Mor Eytan , Grossman Alon 
Published: August 2016

Background: Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels may help to distinguish ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) from acute rejection after kidney transplantation. Methods: All kidney biopsies performed in the years 2010 to 2012 were reviewed. Serum LDH, creatinine level, clinical variables, and presence of donor-specific antibodies were recorded before the biopsy. Results: Overall 150 biopsies were included. Ischemic ATN was diagnosed in 45 biopsies and acute cellular-mediated rejection and/or antibody-mediated rejection in 59 biopsies, 38 of which were accompanied by ATN. Serum LDH was elevated in 23 (51%) of 45 cases with ischemic ATN versus 15 (14%) of 105 cases with other diagnoses ( P < .0001). Median serum LDH was 478 U/L (range 277-2018) for ischemic ATN and 372 U/L (range 191-748) for all other diagnoses ( P < .001). When delayed graft function or primary nonfunctioning grafts were caused by ischemic ATN, serum LDH was elevated in 58% of cases, but when caused by acute rejection, LDH was normal in 88% of cases ( P = .02). Conclusions: There is a strong association between elevated serum LDH 1 to 3 days before performing kidney biopsy and the diagnosis of ischemic ATN after kidney transplantation, especially at the immediate posttransplantation period. Normal serum LDH at this period should raise a suspicion of acute rejection.
Evaluation of the Arthritis Foundation’s Camine Con Gusto Program for Hispanic Adults With Arthritis
Authors: Callahan Leigh F. , Rivadeneira Alfredo , Altpeter Mary , Vilen Leigha , Cleveland Rebecca J. , Sepulveda Victoria E. , Hackney Betsy , Reuland Daniel S. , Rojas Claudia 
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Camine Con Gusto ( CCG) is the Hispanic version of an evidence-based walking program for people with arthritis. This study examined CCG outcomes, feasibility, tolerability, safety, and acceptability and potential tailoring. Method: A pre and post 6-week evaluation was conducted in Hispanic people with arthritis. Outcomes included pain, stiffness, fatigue, functional capacity, helplessness, and self-efficacy. A formative evaluation with program participants and key stakeholders explored program tailoring. Results: Participants’ mean age was 46.9 years, 44.4% had a high school degree or less, 2.5% were born in United States, 60.1% spoke only Spanish, and 74.7% were female. Moderate effect sizes were found: 0.50 for pain, 0.75 for fatigue, 0.49 for stiffness, 0.33 for function, 0.26 for helplessness, and 0.24 for self-efficacy. There were 285 participants recruited with an 82% 6-week retention (feasibility), no adverse events were reported (safety), and 98% reported program satisfaction (acceptability). Recommended adaptations included simpler language, more pictures and content addressing nutrition and chronic conditions, shortened materials, and inclusion of motivational strategies. Conclusion: CCG showed improvement in outcomes in Hispanic individuals comparable to those noted in non-Hispanic White and Black individuals with arthritis.