bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FDG-PET/CT Avid Uptake of a Biopsy-Proven Aggressive Melanotic Schwannoma of the S2 Spinal Nerve Root
Authors: Azab Mohammed A. , Mostafa Hamid Abdelma'aboud , Atallah Oday 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMalignant melanotic nerve sheath tumors (MMNSTs), also known as a melanocytic schwannoma (MS), are a rare type of peripheral nerve sheath tumors including Schwann cells with melanocytic differentiation. Only a few cases of spinal MMNST have been reported in literature. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) could be used to detect these lesions. A 70-year-old man with a 6-month history of backache was admitted to our hospital. PET/CT showed a paravertebral soft tissue mass along the spinal nerve at the S2 level with strong FDG uptake, and a nodule with increased FDG uptake in the right lobe of the left liver. A CT-guided biopsy of the S2 lesion was performed. The final diagnosis was spinal MS with hepatic metastasis. The patient received stereotactic body radiation therapy. Herein, we report the PET/CT findings of a case of MS with hepatic metastasis. FDG-PET/CT is helpful in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions although nonspecific.
Helping Patients to Predict and Confirm Ovulation with the Use of Combined Urinary Hormonal and Smartphone Technology: A Proof-of-Concept Retrospective Descriptive Case Series
Authors: Leiva Rene , Ecochard Rene 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSmartphone-based fertility awareness methods with home-based urinary hormonal testing are gaining popularity for fertility tracking. In our university-affiliated family practice, we integrated a previously developed ovulation tracking application into a protocol for monitoring urinary sex hormones and cervical secretions. Serum progesterone was used to confirm the luteal phase, with levels ≥ 15.9 nmol/L ensuring confirmation. Data from 110 women seen for infertility treatment (n = 95) or family planning advice (n = 15) and using our ovulation prediction protocol showed that most opted for a combination of cervical mucus and luteinizing hormone testing (n = 86). Among those using it for family planning, the median usage among women spanned 56 cycles, and 13 cycles per woman required progesterone testing for confirmation. Thirteen patients are still using the method without unintended pregnancies. No unintended pregnancies occurred. Confidence in tests based on serum progesterone was high (93%). For infertility, the method helped in the identification of anovulation, evaluating treatment response, and in diagnosing subfertility causes. This proof-of-concept retrospective descriptive case series suggests the potential for smartphone-based monitoring in fertility management, urging further studies for application enhancements and prospective validation.
Type 1 Diabetes and Pregnancy: Challenges in Glycemic Control and Maternal–Fetal Outcomes
Authors: Apata Tejumola , Samuel Dennis , Valle Laticia , Crimmins Sarah D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractManaging type 1 diabetes during pregnancy presents significant challenges due to physiological and hormonal changes. These factors contribute to major changes in insulin sensitivity, complicating efforts to achieve and sustain optimal blood glucose levels. Poorly controlled glucose levels during pregnancy can result in diabetic embryopathy and elevate the risks of maternal complications such as hypertensive disorders and diabetic ketoacidosis. Fetal complications may include preterm birth, fetal demise, and admission to neonatal intensive care units. It is essential to recognize that there is no universal approach to managing glycemic control in pregnant women with T1DM and care should be individualized. Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving regular monitoring, adjustments in insulin therapy, dietary modifications, and consistent prenatal care. Continuous glucose monitoring has emerged as a valuable tool for real-time glucose monitoring, facilitating tighter glycemic control. Education and support for self-management are important in addressing these challenges. Future developments in technology and personalized approaches to care show promising potential for advancing diabetes management during pregnancy. This provides a comprehensive overview of current literature on the challenges with the management of T1DM during pregnancy, focusing on its impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes and highlighting effective strategies for achieving optimal glycemic control.
Optical-atomic system integration and calibration: Pumping from 1 atm to 1 × 10−11 Torr in 24 h
Authors: Kestler Grady , Ton Khang , Barreiro Julio T. 
Published: October 2024

Ultracold atoms exquisitely controlled by lasers are the quantum foundation, particularly for sensing, timekeeping, and computing, of state-of-the-art quantum science and technology. However, the laboratory-scale infrastructure for such optical-atomic quantum apparatus rarely translates into commercial applications. A promising solution is miniaturizing the optical layouts onto a chip-scale device integrated with cold atoms inside a compact ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber. For prototyping purposes, however, rapidly loading or exchanging test photonic devices into a UHV chamber is limited by the evacuation time from atmospheric pressures to the optimal pressures for ultracold atoms of 1 × 10−11 Torr, a process that typically takes weeks or months without cryogenics. Here, we present a loadlock apparatus and loading procedure capable of venting, exchanging, and evacuating back to &lt;1×10−11 Torr in under 24 h. Our system allows for rapid testing and benchmarking of various photonic devices with ultracold atoms.
n-changing population of Rydberg states by low-energy electron–Rydberg collisions
Authors: Li Yufan , Fang Feng , Zhou Wenchang , Liu Dingming , He Zhangru , Zhao Dongmei , Najjari Bennaceur , Yang Jie 
Published: October 2024

Inelastic n-changing collisions play an important role in the evolution of Rydberg atoms into ultracold plasmas. However, for the initially intermediate n (n ∼ 40) Rydberg states, these collisions can hardly be observed due to the low electron temperature in ultracold plasmas. In this work, we designed an experimental scheme to facilitate collisions between free electrons at 1.5 eV and intermediate n Rydberg atoms. Using the field ionization technique, we measured the state distributions resulting from the evolution of initially cold rubidium atoms in the 45P3/2 Rydberg state. The experimentally obtained probability of inelastic collisions excitation agrees well with the Monte Carlo simulation results. In addition, our experimental results indicate that the n-changing population induced by hot electrons is significant for lower nP Rydberg states. Our work plays a significant role in calculating the rates of electron–ion three-body recombination in ultracold plasmas.
High sensitivity and detectivity of anomalous Hall sensor based on coupled magnetic bilayers
Authors: Liu Xinna , Meng Fanyu , Du Meining , Li Yankun , Li Pengzhen , Zhang Tuo , Feng Ying , Wang Yi 
Published: October 2024

Detection of ultralow magnetic field requires a magnetic sensor with high sensitivity and a low noise level. In this work, we used the Co20Fe60B20/Ti/Co20Fe60B20 magnetically coupled multilayer as the core structure of an anomalous Hall sensor. We adjusted the thickness of the Ti interlayer to modify its perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and interlayer magnetic coupling, thereby improving the sensitivity of the anomalous Hall sensor. Through the investigation of magnetic field response and noise properties of devices with different Ti thicknesses, the highest sensitivity of 34 803 Ω/T and the best magnetic field detectivity of 4.6 nT/Hz at 1 Hz were achieved with a Ti thickness of 2.0 nm at room temperature. This anomalous Hall sensor has both ultrahigh sensitivity and magnetic field detectivity, making it a good candidate for applications in detecting weak magnetic fields.
CCQM-K91.2022 key comparison on pH of an unknown phthalate buffer
Authors: Gonzaga Fabiano Barbieri , Pardellas Leonardo da Silva , Nagy Dániel , Nagyné Szilágyi Zsófia , Dimitrova Lyudmila , Hindayani Ayu , Montero-Ruiz Jazmin , Ortiz-Aparicio José Luis , Roziková Matilda , Torrez Jimena , Gamboa Maria , Galli Ariel , Rinaldi Angeles , Berón Cintia , Berta Yuri , Gelabert Victoria , Fajardo Simone , Hongyu Xiu , Bing Wu , Xinyang He , Ohata Masaki , Maksimov Igor , Uysal Emrah , Gençtürk Tosun Serap , Liv Lokman , Prokunin Sergey , Dobrovolskiy Vladimir , Vengina Darya 
Published: October 2024

Main text
Key comparison CCQM-K91.2022, a repetition of the previous comparison CCQM-K91 from 2011, was performed to evaluate the degree of equivalence between pH measurement results of an unknown phthalate buffer reported by participating National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs). The participants used the highest-level metrological method existing at their institution. The nominal pH value of the buffer was 4.0 at 25 °C and the suggested measurement temperatures were 5 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C, 37 °C, and 50 °C. There was a good agreement among the results from most participants at 15 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C. Due to the lack of results, no evaluation was possible of results at 5 °C and 50 °C.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Elastic mechanical thermodynamic and thermoelectric properties of pristine and titanium doped Mg2Si: a density functional theory study
Authors: Sharma Pradeep Kumar , Kachhara Chetan , Laihnuna N , Kedia Sanjay 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Herein, we report a systematic investigation of the effect of Titanium doping on the structural, elastic, mechanical, thermodynamic, and thermoelectric (TE) dynamics of Mg2Si Compounds using first-principle investigation. The present study has been carried out using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method as implemented in Wien2k code under mBJ exchange potentials. The investigations revealed that Mg2−x
Ti
x
Si compounds have structural stability with cubic phase (Fm–3m symmetry) and possess degenerate semiconducting nature. The analysis of elastic constants revealed mechanical stability of the investigated compounds following Born criteria. Thermodynamic investigations have been carried out in the temperature range of 100–1500 K at zero pressure and the quantities like heat capacity, Debye temperature, Grüneisen constant, and thermal expansion coefficient have been critically analyzed. Lastly, the TE performance of Mg2−x
Ti
x
Si compounds has been predicted by estimating the thermopower (S
2
σ) and TE figure of merit (zT) in the temperature range of 300–1500 K. The predicted value of zT
max for Mg2−x
Ti
x
Si compound is 0.67 at 800 K for x = 0.25 titanium content, suggesting materials promising application for TE energy harvesting and mechanical devices.
Estimation of GNSS satellite bias corrections using non-common frequency model with application to PPP-AR
Authors: Che Delu , Ye Fei , Zhang Baocheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Corrections of satellite phase biases (SPBs) enable precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR), which shortens the convergence time and improves positioning precision compared with PPP. Extending PPP-AR from dual-frequency to multi-frequency can further enhance the positioning performance by correcting satellite code biases (SCBs) at the third frequency and above. In formulating a multi-frequency model to estimate satellite bias corrections (SBCs), including SPBs and SCBs, existing studies use only satellite observations collected at common frequencies (CFs). This study proposes a non-CF (NCF) model that utilizes dual- and multi-frequency satellites to estimate SBCs simultaneously. To validate the NCF model, we collect data from an Australian network to estimate the SBCs and apply these corrections to the PPP-AR user positioning. The results show that the NCF model can provide SBCs for more satellites and frequencies than the CF model. After correction of SBCs, the proportion of fractional parts of float PPP ambiguities, which are less than 0.1 cycles, has a significant increase from 20% to 70%, indicating the successful restoration of the integer properties of PPP ambiguities by the SBCs. Moreover, a comparable experiment between the NCF and CF PPP-AR models is conducted. The NCF PPP-AR model demonstrates superior performance over the CF model using triple-frequency satellites in convergence speed and positioning precision, achieving improvements of 41.16% and 39.52%, respectively. Meanwhile, compared to the CF model using dual-frequency satellites, the NCF PPP-AR model shows improvements of 17.16% and 7.46% in these aspects. The positioning performance of the NCF PPP-AR model is evaluated across ten user stations sampled over three days. The results indicate the root mean square positioning errors for the east, north and up components are 0.41, 0.51 and 2.46 cm, respectively. Additionally, the average convergence time for achieving 3D positioning errors within 1 dm is 9.75 min.
An optimization of the Fourier self-calibration algorithm for improved noise suppression capability
Authors: Peng Yuqi , Wu Junjie , Qiao Xiaoyue , Cai Xiaoyu , Wei Jiasi , Ding Guoqing , Wang Kundong , Chen Xin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Self-calibration emerges as a promising approach in ultra-precision field, overcoming the limitations imposed by instrument capabilities in conventional calibration. In the self-calibration research, the algorithm based on the Fourier transform firstly established a rigorous theoretical framework. However, despite advancements in alternative self-calibration methods that have improved noise suppression, the traditional Fourier algorithm still faces challenges, particularly in mitigating random measurement noise in the separation results. In this study, we introduce methods on enhancing the noise suppression capabilities of the Fourier self-calibration algorithm. We investigate the hypothesis in the traditional algorithm and find that the computation of weighted averages had minimal effects. Then, we present our method by augmenting measurement positions. Considering both the increase in the number of measurement positions and the enhancement of noise suppression capabilities, augmenting translation positions in the opposite direction is proved to be the most effective strategy. Our algorithm can effectively suppress measurement noise when one-sided point number of the artifact is below 21. While the additional data processing slightly increases runtime, it does not alter the algorithm’s computational complexity, yet it significantly improves noise suppression. The effectiveness of our method is validated through a Monte Carlo comparison of uncertainties with the original algorithm. Experiments on Fizeau interferometer further prove robustness and practical feasibility of our proposed algorithm, with the measurement repeatability being reduced by 26.34% and 25.15% in the errors separated from the stage and the artifact.
Algorithm for extracting the normal cross-section parameters of multiple ball screw shaft ball tracks based on an optical micrometer measurement system
Authors: Wu Jian , Ou Yi , Zhou Changguang , Feng Hutian , Chen Zengtao , Qian Chaoqun , Zhuang Haoran 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The accurate and efficient measurement of the normal cross-section parameters of multiple ball screw shaft spiral ball tracks are pivotal for ensuring quality control in ball track machining. Given the intricate nature of the ball screw shaft spiral ball track, balancing the accuracy and efficiency of the normal cross-section parameters measurement is a significant challenge. In this study, we present a method to calculate two core parameters, arc radius and contact angle. The method consists of four parts: the automatic axial cross-section separation method, the arc symmetric extraction method, the spiral transformation method, and the parameter algorithm based on the weighted least squares method. The experimental and simulation results validated the effectiveness of our method. Compared with the traditional axial measurement and transformation (AMT) method, our algorithm reduced the errors in arc radius and contact angle by up to 13.9 µm and 4.77°, respectively, and improved the accuracy by up to 78.34% and 85.04%. Compared with the traditional AMT methods and directly normal measurement method, the measurement time of our algorithm was reduced by up to 1565 s and 3475 s, respectively, and the efficiency was improved by up to 71.01% and 84.51%, respectively.
Development of a 4-DOF inchworm piezoelectric platform and its experiments on nano scale variable depth scratching
Authors: Ma Xuefeng , Sun Jianhua , Deng Jie , Zhang Shijing , Liu Junkao , Liu Yingxiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recent developments in nanotechnologies have highlighted the demand for multi-dimensional, cross-scale and variable-depth nanoscale structures for applications such as nanofluidic chips, nanosensors, nanoelectronics and many more. Therefore, the implementation and system of cross-scale and variable-depth nanomanufacturing is the core of advanced nanotechnologies. Among all of the current methods, nano scratching is the easiest and most flexible approach with the advantages of low cost and simple machining procedures. In this work, a three-dimensional piezoelectric manufacturing system (PMS) based on a self-developed four-degree-of-freedom (4-DOF) inchworm piezoelectric platform is proposed for implementation of cross-scale and variable-depth nano scratching. Based on the PMS, effects of the scratching parameters such as exciting voltage and frequency on scratching depth and quality are discussed. In addition, the scratching experiments were successfully performed and achieved the nanoscale depth variation of the grooves, nesting rectangles, and concentric circles using the multi-DOF and cross-scale output characteristics of the proposed 4-DOF piezoelectric platform. To sum up, the PMS based on the 4-DOF inchworm piezoelectric platform has potential applications in the fields of machining three-dimensional nanostructures within millimeter scale.
A molecular dynamics investigation of nano-twins and nano-precipitates effects in CoCrFeNi-based high-entropy alloys
Authors: Gao W H , Qiao L , Zhao D , Wang J J , Fang H Q , Zhang W Y , Ma S G , Zhang T W , Wang Z H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study systematically investigates the effects of twin boundaries and precipitates on the performance of CoCrFeNi HEAs matrix using molecular dynamics simulation methods. By constructing corresponding HEAs models and conducting simulations of their structural evolution and mechanical behavior at the nanoscale, the influence mechanisms of nanotwins (NTs) and nano-precipitates (NPs) on the mechanical properties of the material were explored through in-depth analysis of simulation results. The findings suggest that twin boundaries effectively impede the movement and slip of dislocations and stacking faults in the material. As a result, this enhances its mechanical properties and inhibits plastic deformation, ultimately improving its ductility. Meanwhile, precipitates also impact the material’s performance, and the shape of precipitates may exert different effects on the material, while the phase interface between precipitates and the matrix can hinder the expansion of defects. The presence of twin boundaries can enhance the strengthening effect of precipitates, further improving the material’s performance. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of HEAs materials, offering important references for the design and optimization of HEAs materials.
An augmented lead-free Perovskite solar cell based on FASnI3 using V2O5 as HTL
Authors: Vishnuwaran M , Ramachandran K , Sakthivel P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The study involved the design and analysis of FASnI3-based perovskite solar cells to determine their power conversion efficiency (PCE) under varying AB-layer thicknesses and temperatures. Despite recent advancements, organic and inorganic lead-based perovskite solar cells have faced challenges due to health hazards and device instability, hindering commercial manufacturing progress. To address this, we explored alternative charge transport materials, such as FASnI3 cells, through numerical simulation using the 1D-SCAPS software. Our investigation focused on optimizing charge transport layers and adjusting acceptor and donor concentrations to achieve high-efficiency, lead-free PSCs. Furthermore, we evaluated the performance and impact of different parameters on simulated cell devices. Through multiple simulation iterations, we achieved the best performance of the FASnI3 PS-cell, delivering a voltage of 1.04 V, current density of 29.40 mA cm−2, and Fill factor of 85.24%, resulting in an overall PCE of 24.45%.
Advancing remote sensing: a unified deep learning approach with pretrained and custom architectures for high-precision classification
Authors: N Salma , G R Madhuri , Jagadale Basavaraj 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Advancement of remote sensing is vital for accurate land cover mapping and ecological surveillance. This research proposes a cutting-edge deep learning framework that integrates a meticulously designed customary network architecture with the effectiveness of pre-trained models, namely GoogleNet, VGG16, and InceptionV3. Our approach captures the complex features of RGB satellite images throughout various land cover categories using diverse EuroSAT datasets. Our system achieves an impressive 99.40% test accuracy by implementing feature extraction through effective models with a customized deep learning network in an intuitive manner. High class-wise accuracies are observed, ranging from 96.00% to 100.00%, whereas F1-scores, precision, and recall all converge at 99.40%. The aforementioned results demonstrate our approach’s perspective to significantly improve analysis while also confirming its superiority. These results not only confirm the performance of our algorithm but also show that it could be used to redesign satellite visual analysis behavior. These results open the window to further improve and accurate remote sensing systems, giving a helpful viewpoint for researchers as well as professionals.
Correlated scalar perturbations and gravitational waves from axion inflation
Authors: Corbà Sofia P. , Sorbo Lorenzo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The scalar and tensor fluctuations generated during inflation can be correlated, if arising from the same underlying mechanism. In this paper we investigate such correlation in the model of axion inflation, where the rolling inflaton produces quanta of a U(1) gauge field which, in turn, source scalar and tensor fluctuations. We compute the primordial correlator of the curvature perturbation, ζ, with the gravitational energy density, Ω
GW
, at frequencies probed by gravitational wave detectors. This two-point function receives two contributions: one arising from the correlation of gravitational waves with the scalar perturbations generated by the standard mechanism of amplification of vacuum fluctuations, and the other coming from the correlation of gravitational waves with the scalar perturbations sourced by the gauge field. Our analysis shows that the former effect is generally dominant. For typical values of the parameters, the correlator, normalized by the amplitude of ζ and by the fractional energy in gravitational waves at interferometer frequencies, turns out to be of the order of 10-4 ÷ 10-2.