bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The move to 24/7 mechanical thrombectomy provision for ischaemic stroke: an observational study of the impact on referrals, activity, procedural efficacy, and safety at a supra-regional centre
Authors: Mortimer Alex , Flood Richard , Minks David , Crossley Robert , Wareham James , Cox Anthony , Goswami Amit , Dodd James , Grier Scott , Marsh Aidan , Bosnell Rose 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Health systems are striving to improve delivery of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for ischaemic stroke. With the move to 24/7 provision, we aimed to assess (1) the change in referral and procedural frequency and timing, (2) reasons referrals did not proceed to MT, and (3) nocturnal procedural efficacy and safety.

Methods
This was an observational study comparing 12-month data for an extended daytime service (2021/2022, hours, 0800–2000) to that for a 12-month period delivering 24/7 cover (2023–2024). Nocturnal and daytime outcomes (rate of recanalisation using modified TICI scoring), extent of postprocedural infarction (using ASPECTS grading), rate of early neurological improvement (using 24-h NIHSS change), 90-day mortality, and complicating symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (SICH) in the latter period were compared.

Results
Both referrals (432 to 851) and procedural caseload (191 to 403) approximately doubled with the move to 24/7 cover; 36% of procedures occurred overnight (n = 145). The dominant reasons for referrals not proceeding to MT were a large core infarct (n = 144) or absence of a large vessel occlusion on baseline imaging (n = 140). There were no significant differences in successful recanalisation (TICI 2B/3: 85.5% vs 87.1%, P = .233), rates of postprocedural ASPECTS≥7 (74.9% vs 75.8%, P = .987), early neurological improvement (NIHSS reduction ≥30%: 43.4% vs 42.4%, P = .917), 90-day mortality (19.6% vs 18.6%, P = .896), or SICH (1.9% vs 4.1%, P = .214) obtained for daytime vs nighttime hours.

Conclusion
24/7 MT provision has resulted in a rapid rise in the number of patients who may benefit from MT. This service can be provided with an acceptable safety profile during nighttime hours in a high-volume comprehensive UK centre.
Is the U.S. Supreme Court Facing a Crisis of Democratic Legitimacy? A Review Article
Authors: Kastellec Jonathan P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Kevin McMahon's A Supreme Court Unlike Any Other examines the extent to which the current Supreme Court—and its conservative supermajority—departs from earlier courts in the extent to which it suffers from a “democracy gap.” McMahon persuasively argues that the current Court is different for two reasons. First, most of the justices in the conservative majority were appointed by presidents who did not win the popular vote and/or were confirmed by senators who represented fewer voters than the senators who opposed them. Second, the homogenization of nominee experience and background has created a “judicial aristocracy” in which the justices are experientially far removed from the elected branches. One puzzle this account raises is why this democracy gap took so long to emerge, given the institutional design of the Court. But given the current polarized state of American politics, the same forces that brought us to the reality of the conservative supermajority are unlikely to abate for quite some time.
Betamethasone Exposure and Neonatal Respiratory Morbidity Among Late Preterm Births by Planned Mode of Delivery and Gestational Age
Authors: Clapp Mark A. , Li Siguo , Cohen Jessica L. , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Knudsen Amy B. , Lorch Scott A. , Thaweethai Tanayott , Wright Jason D. , Kaimal Anjali J. , Melamed Alexander 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate the effect of late preterm antenatal steroids on the risk of respiratory morbidity among subgroups of patients on the basis of the planned mode of delivery and gestational age at presentation.

METHODS:
This was a secondary analysis of the ALPS (Antenatal Late Preterm Steroid) Trial, a multicenter trial conducted within the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units Network of individuals with singleton gestations and without preexisting diabetes who were at high risk for late preterm delivery (34–36 weeks of gestation). We fit binomial regression models to estimate the risk of respiratory morbidity, with and without steroid administration, by gestational age and planned mode of delivery at the time of presentation. We assumed a homogeneous effect of steroids on the log-odds scale, as was reported in the ALPS trial. The primary outcome was neonatal respiratory morbidity, as defined in the ALPS Trial.

RESULTS:
The analysis included 2,825 patients at risk for late preterm birth. The risk of respiratory morbidity varied significantly by planned mode of delivery (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 1.90, 95% CI, 1.55–2.33 for cesarean delivery vs vaginal delivery) and week of gestation at presentation (adjusted RR 0.56, 95% CI, 0.50–0.63). For those planning cesarean delivery and presenting in the 34th week of gestation, the risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity was 39.4% (95% CI, 30.8–47.9%) without steroids and 32.0% (95% CI, 24.6–39.4%) with steroids. In contrast, for patients presenting in the 36th week and planning vaginal delivery, the risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity was 6.9% (95% CI, 5.2–8.6%) without steroids and 5.6% (95% CI, 4.2–7.0%) with steroids.

CONCLUSION:
The absolute risk difference of neonatal respiratory morbidity between those exposed and those unexposed to late preterm antenatal steroids varies considerably by gestational age at presentation and planned mode of delivery. Because only communicating the relative risk reduction of antenatal steroids for respiratory morbidity may lead to an inaccurate perception of benefit, more patient-specific estimates of risk expected with and without treatment may inform shared decision making.
Intraoperative Cell Death Signs in Corneal Graft During Triple DMEK Surgery
Authors: Scherer Nicolas C. D. , Kassumeh Stefan , Dirisamer Martin , Luft Nikolaus , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Mayer Wolfgang J. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
To report the occurrence of cell death signs in a corneal graft during preparation for Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty and intraocular lens implantation (triple DMEK) in a 65-year-old woman with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED) who developed graft detachment in the postoperative course with the necessity of rebubbling 2 weeks after surgery.

Methods:
This is a case report.

Results:
DMEK graft preparation was conducted by an experienced surgeon using a no-touch liquid bubble dissection method with trypan blue for staining and bubble formation. Staining was applied right before beginning the preparation and unmasked very subtle signs of apoptosis running linear radially from the periphery to the center of the graft. By the end of preparation, those areas presented as clear visible staining streets. Graft transplantation and cataract surgery were completed using a SF6 gas bubble intracamerally. In the postoperative course, the patient developed relevant graft detachment requiring rebubbling. Hereafter, the patient showed a very good and stable outcome.

Conclusions:
Trypan blue staining during graft preparation revealed existing apoptosis areas. The aspect of unmasking and analyzing those areas in DMEK grafts might represent an interesting approach regarding the outcome of surgery and the prediction of postoperative complications. Moreover, this case might depict an advantage of surgeon-prepared transplants since the surgeon can directly see and evaluate the apoptosis doing preparation. Further research is necessary to examine possible correlations between the extent of apoptosis and surgery outcome.
Effects of Eye Bank Donor Age Expansion on Corneal Endothelial Cell Density and Surgeon Tissue Acceptance
Authors: Adebayo Ayobami , Nortey Andrea , Moon Jee Young , Gore Patrick , Livesay Tina , Bortzfield Griffin , Gibralter Richard P. , Chuck Roy S. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
To investigate the effects of expansion in eye bank donor age from 75 to 80 years on corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and surgeon acceptance rate of donated tissues.

Methods:
Conducted as a single-site retrospective analysis, the study examined 25,969 donor corneas from 2018 to 2022. After the increase in the donor age limit in August 2022, the sample included donors aged 2 to 75 years (n = 25,558) and 76 to 80 years (n = 411). Donor characteristics, corneal ECD, and tissue acceptance rates were compared across age groups stratified by 5-year intervals.

Results:
Increasing the donor age upper limit produced 411 more corneal donations, which resulted in 208 more surgeries. The average corneal ECD in donors between the ages of 71 and 75 years was 2349 cells/mm2 (95% CI, 2332–2367), and in donors between the ages of 76 and 80 years, the average corneal ECD was 2227 cells/mm2 (95% CI, 2159–2296). Our results demonstrated a lower average corneal ECD in the 76- to 80-year-old group in comparison with the 71- to 75-year-old group by 122 cells/mm2 (95% CI, 51–193, P < 0.001). Tissue from donors aged 71 to 75 years had a 48% surgeon acceptance rate, whereas tissue from those aged 76 to 80 years had a significantly lower 38% acceptance rate (P = 0.003).

Conclusions:
Corneas from donors of older ages are viable and suitable for use in transplant surgery but are significantly less likely to be selected by surgeons. Age bias by surgeons against older corneas is a possible reason for this finding and warrants further exploration.
Diagnostic value of trans recto-perineal ultrasound in perianal fistula; pre versus intraoperative findings: a comparative cross section study
Authors: Zakaria Reham , Amin Mohamed Mahmoud , Orban Yasser Ali , Elfwakhry Rabab Mahmoud , abo-alella Heba Alhussein 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
perianal fistula is a common and annoying anal problem. It needs only surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best preoperative diagnostic tool, but it is demanding as it is expensive, time-consuming, and requires an experienced radiologist. Therefore, we endeavored to identify an alternative diagnostic tool that offers cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and accuracy. Subsequently, we conducted a comparative analysis between its preoperative outcomes and intra-operative observations.

Materials and Methods
This is a single-center comparative cross-section study held in the surgery department from September 2023 to March 2024. It included 93 patients with perianal fistulas who were diagnosed clinically and radiologically by trans-recto-perineal ultrasound and comparing preoperative ultrasound findings with intra-operative surgical findings.

Results
Trans-recto-perineal ultrasound demonstrated favorable sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing perianal fistulas. It exhibited accuracy in identifying external and internal openings, their locations, fistula branches, fistula types, and their relationship to anal sphincters, as well as the presence of abscess or fibrosis, with a significant statistical association (P-value <0.001).

Conclusions
Trans-recto-perineal ultrasound is an accurate, fast, and cheap diagnostic tool for perianal fistula; however, it can be used as an alternative to perianal MRI.
Psychometric properties and diagnostic performance of three dry eye questionnaires in Italian: OSDI, OSDI-6, and SPEED
Authors: Facchin Alessio , Boccardo Laura 
Published: October 2024

SIGNIFICANCE
Psychometric questionnaires are highly valuable instruments in clinical practice as they make subjective symptoms easier to measure. Recently, a short version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was developed, named OSDI-6.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties and compare the diagnostic criteria of three questionnaires, available in the Italian language, designed for assessing dry eye disease: Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED), OSDI-12, and specifically the new shortened version, OSDI-6.

METHODS
Psychometric evaluations were conducted on 250 adult participants aged 20 to 83 years. Classic and Rasch psychometric analyses were performed on the three questionnaires. The repeatability of the questionnaires was assessed by retesting 120 participants.

RESULTS
The exploratory factor analysis of OSDI-6 indicated saturation on two factors. Repeatability was optimal for all three questionnaires. Based on the reference OSDI-12, the cutoff for OSDI-6 was 5 points and 7 for SPEED. Rasch analysis showed that OSDI-6 and OSDI-12 present disordered response categories and thresholds. Conversely, the SPEED questionnaire shows the optimal item characteristic curve.

CONCLUSIONS
The OSDI-12 is a reference questionnaire used in dry eye disease studies and clinics, but OSDI-6 does not represent a perfect shortened version, primarily for the absence of one factor measured and secondarily for the same problem of category response order and thresholds. Conversely, SPEED focusing only on symptoms showed better psychometric properties.
Physiological Gallbladder Accumulation on 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT
Authors: Şahin Ömer Faruk , Alçın Göksel , Ergül Nurhan , Çermik Tevfik Fikret , Arslan Esra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPIs) are a novel approach in cancer detection and treatment. Targeting fibroblast activation protein, extensively produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts, FAPI plays a key role in tumor development. Its advanced imaging capabilities offer clearer results in solid tumors compared with traditional methods, drawing significant interest in oncology. Additionally, FAPI’s activity in conditions requiring tissue remodeling, such as atherosclerosis and arthritis, highlights its broader potential. This interesting image shows the physiological accumulation of 68Ga-FAPI in the gallbladder, emphasizing the importance of accurate interpretation to prevent misdiagnoses and ensure effective patient management.
The end of protein structure prediction: Improving prediction accuracy in chimeric proteins by windowed multiple sequence alignment
Authors: Vedula Sanketh , Bronstein Alex , Marx Ailie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlphaFold2 has predicted the structures of almost every known protein. A simple means to create proteins beyond those found in nature, is by unnaturally fusing together two known proteins. Here we demonstrate that dependence on multiple sequence alignment, limits the success with which AlphaFold and ESMfold capture such chimeric forms of otherwise well predicted, individual, proteins. Specifically we show that peptides are predicted with significantly reduced accuracy when added to the terminalendsof scaffold proteins. Appending the multiple sequence alignment for the individual peptide tags to that of the scaffold protein often restores prediction accuracy.
Gendered sport environments and their theoretical contributions to women’s ACL injury risk: a scoping review
Authors: Parsons Joanne L , Akinrolie Olayinka , Loewen Hal , Coen Stephanie E 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize the current literature that describes the gendered environments of women’s sports which are higher risk for ACL injury, and determine whether the existing literature relates gendered aspects of the sport environment to injury.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesElectronic search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, SCOPUS, and Women’s Studies International databases from inception to March 2024.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included if at least 50% of the study participants were adult women participating in organized sports with higher risk for ACL injury.ResultsOf the initially identified 17,148 studies, 854 underwent full text review, and 73 were included in this scoping review. In 19 studies, reference to injury was restricted to one or two direct quotes from an athlete and the other 54 studies had no mention of injury. We identified three repeating patterns describing the gendered sport environments that women athletes encounter. Fifty-five studies described embedded stereotypes that devalue women and women’s sport. Forty-five studies described ways the sport environment reproduces restrictive gender norms for women. Forty-six studies reported that gendered inequities including gendered wage inequality and provision of subpar training facilities were structurally embedded in women’s sport environments.ConclusionExisting literature describes a range of gendered inequities that exist for women in their sport environments; however, there has been no concerted effort to date to link those gendered environmental factors to ACL injury. Such research is needed if we are serious about eliminating the ACL injury rate disparity between women and men.What is already knownHistorically, gendered disparities in anterior cruciate ligament injury risk have focused on biological explanationsSocietal gendered norms and expectations of women can greatly affect their experiences and opportunities in sport environmentsWhat are the new findingsExisting literature describes a range of gendered inequities that exist for women in their sport environmentsOnly a small percentage (∼25%) of studies describing the gendered aspects of women’s sport environments mention any relation to injuryThere has been no concerted effort to link gendered aspects of sport environments to women’s injury risk and experiences
Competitive intensity, innovation orientation, export entrepreneurship and export performance: considering effect of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Kazemi Ali , Ghasempour Ganji Seyedeh Fatemeh , Na’ami Abdullah , Latifi Benmaran Masoume 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis study explores the effects of competitive intensity and innovation orientation on export outcomes, including export entrepreneurship (EE) and export performance (EP), and determines the direct and moderating impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) among exporting agricultural and food (agri-food) small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Iran.Design/methodology/approachUsing systematic random sampling, 296 firms participating in the international food and agricultural industries exhibition filled out a questionnaire. Smart PLS3 software was used to analyze the data.FindingsThe competitive intensity has positive effects on export entrepreneurship of Iranian agri-food SMEs. Additionally, innovation orientation, CSR and EE positively impact EP. However, the moderating impact of CSR on the relationship between innovation orientation and EP was not supported by data.Originality/valueThe current study enriches the existing knowledge in international business in the specific setting of exporting agri-food SMEs operating in a developing economy.
An iterative technique for a class of highly nonlinear BVP arising in a one-dimensional corneal shape model
Authors: Jyoti  , Singh Mandeep 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThe aim of this work is to establish a computationally efficient iterative technique for solving the highly nonlinear derivative-dependent boundary value problem (DDBVP). The proposed iterative technique is tested on a one-dimensional mathematical model of the shape of the human cornea, which leads to the highly nonlinear DDBVP.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is a combined venture of quasilinearization along with Picard’s iterative technique. The nonlinear DDBVP is simplified to a sequence of linear problems through a quasilinearization technique. Making use of Picard’s iteration approach, an analogous integral form for the quasilinearized DDBVPs is developed in terms of Green’s function and the convergence controller parameter. The study also covered the convergence analysis of the iterative technique.FindingsNumerical illustrations are presented to evaluate the applicability, efficiency and accuracy of the technique. The proposed technique provides approximate numerical solutions to the corneal shape model with a variety of constant parameters that can arise in different physical situations. In comparison with existing works, the proposed coupled iterative approach has been found to be more accurate and less computationally complex.Originality/valueThis study introduces an efficient coupled iterative technique based on quasilinearization and Picard’s iterative technique to solve a one-dimensional model of a human cornea. The proposed approach is tested on various physical situations that affect the human cornea. Numerical findings are compared with other published results to demonstrate the method’s efficiency and ease of usage.
Employee communication channels and social ties in organisations when teleworking and working on-site: a latent profile analysis
Authors: Lazauskaite-Zabielske Jurgita , Urbanaviciute Ieva , Ziedelis Arunas , Jakstiene Rita 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis study aimed to test the relationship between various communication channels (in person, on screen, on the phone, messaging), the team feeling and perceived support by colleagues under different intensities of telework.Design/methodology/approachEuropean Social Survey (ESS) Round 10 (2020–22) data file edition 3.0 was used for data analysis. The sample of this study consisted of 9,500 workers from ISCO groups 1–4 from 19 European Union countries. Latent profile analysis was used to analyse the data.FindingsFive communication and telework intensity profiles were revealed: solo office workers, connected teleworkers, solo teleworkers, all-mode office communicators and office classics. Demographic and professional characteristics predicted employees’ membership in specific telework and communication channel profiles. The significant between-profile differences regarding one’s team feelings and perceived support from colleagues were observed. The highest levels of team feeling and expectations of getting work-related help from colleagues were observed among office classics, characterised by all types of communication except on-screen communication. On the contrary, solo teleworkers who worked from home and rarely used all multi-mode communication channels to contact their colleagues reported the lowest levels of team feeling and social support.Originality/valueUsing representative data from 19 European countries (N = 9,500), this study provides insight into how combinations of telework intensity and communication forms relate to different levels of team feeling and perceived support among colleagues. It highlights the importance of using diverse communication for maintaining social support and team cohesion.