bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonsurgical premature menopause and reproductive implications in survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Levine Jennifer M , Whitton John A. , Ginsberg Jill P. , Green Daniel M. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Stovall Marilyn , Robison Leslie L. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Sklar Charles A. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUNDSurvivors of childhood cancer are at risk of nonsurgical premature menopause (NSPM). To the authors' knowledge, risk factors for NSPM and its impact on reproduction remain poorly defined.METHODSThe menopausal status of 2930 survivors diagnosed between 1970 and 1986 (median age, 6 years [range, birth‐20 years]) who were aged > 18 years at the time of the current study (median age, 35 years [range, 18‐58 years]) was compared with 1399 siblings. NSPM was defined as the cessation of menses ≥6 months in duration occurring 5 years after diagnosis and before age 40 that was not due to pregnancy, surgery, or medications. Among survivors, multivariable logistic regression identified risk factors for NSPM. Pregnancy and live birth rates were compared between survivors with and without NSPM.RESULTSA total of 110 survivors developed NSPM (median age, 32 years [range, 16‐40 years]), with a prevalence at age 40 years of 9.1% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 4.9%‐17.2%); the odds ratio (OR) was 10.5 (95% CI, 4.2‐26.3) compared with siblings. Independent risk factors included exposure to a procarbazine dose ≥4000 mg/m2 (OR, 8.96 [95% CI, 5.02‐16.00]), any dose of ovarian radiation (OvRT) (OvRT < 500 cGy: OR, 2.73 [95% CI, 1.33‐5.61] and OvRT ≥ 500 cGy: OR, 8.02 [95% CI, 2.81‐22.85]; referent RT, 0), and receipt of a stem cell transplantation (OR, 6.35; 95% CI, 1.19‐33.93). Compared with survivors without NSPM, those who developed NSPM were less likely to ever be pregnant (rate ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.27‐0.80) or to have a live birth (rate ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19‐0.79) between ages 31 and 40 years.CONCLUSIONSSurvivors of childhood cancer are at risk of NSPM associated with lower rates of live birth in their 30s. Those at risk should consider fertility preservation if they anticipate delaying childbearing. Cancer 2018;124:1044‐52. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Racial/ethnic differences in thyroid cancer incidence in the United States, 2007‐2014
Authors: Weeks Kristin S. , Kahl Amanda R. , Lynch Charles F. , Charlton Mary E. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUNDSmall tumor diagnostic tools including ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) and computed tomography (CT) could be causing rising and racially/ethnically different thyroid cancer incidence rates due to variable overdiagnosis of indolent tumors. Papillary tumors and <40 mm tumors are most likely to be overdiagnosed as indolent tumors by FNA and CT.METHODSAge‐adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) for the years 2007‐2014 were calculated for race/ethnicity (white, Hispanic, Asian, African American, Native American) by patient/tumor characteristics for microscopically confirmed malignant thyroid cancer cases in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program 18 database (SEER 18; N = 93,607). Multivariate analysis determined cancer patients' odds ratios of diagnosis with papillary thyroid carcinoma (vs other histologies) and tumors <40 mm (vs ≥40 mm).RESULTSFor both males and females, there were statistically significant differences in incidence rates between race/ethnicity, with whites having the highest AAIRs and African Americans the lowest AAIRs. Among thyroid cancer patients, tumor size and histology differed significantly by race and insurance coverage after controlling for age, sex, stage, and tumor sequence. Non‐whites with thyroid cancer (vs whites) were less associated with small tumors (odds ratio [OR], 0.51‐0.79; P < .0001). Medicaid and uninsured patients with thyroid cancer were less associated with tumors <40 mm (OR, 0.55‐0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49‐0.76) and papillary carcinoma (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80‐0.93).CONCLUSIONThe diagnosis of small tumors is occurring at greater rates in whites (vs non‐whites) and insured (vs Medicaid and uninsured) patients; consequently, these groups may be vulnerable to unnecessary tests and treatments or potentially aided by early detection. Guidelines that define postdetection interventions may be needed to limit the overtreatment of indolent and small papillary carcinomas. Cancer 2018;124:1483‐91. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Cardiometabolic risk factors and survival after breast cancer in the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Simon Michael S. , Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer L. , Hastert Theresa A. , Manson JoAnn E. , Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth M. , Neuhouser Marian L. , Ho Gloria Y. F. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Strickler Howard , Ruterbusch Julie , Barac Ana , Chlebowski Rowan , Caan Bette 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUNDFew studies have examined the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors linked to metabolic syndrome and mortality among women with breast cancer.METHODSWe used the Women's Health Initiative to evaluate the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors, including waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, cholesterol level, and presence of type 2 diabetes, and their relation with death from breast cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and other causes among 8641 women with local or regional stage invasive breast cancer. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios, and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for important predictors of survival.RESULTSAfter a median of 11.3 years, there were 2181 total deaths, 619 (28.4%) of which were due to breast cancer. Most participants (55.7%) had at least 2 cardiometabolic risk factors, and 4.9% had 3 or 4. Having a larger number of risk factors was associated with higher risk of CVD and other‐cause mortality (P trend < .001 for both), but not with breast cancer mortality (P trend = .86). Increased WC was associated with a higher risk of CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05‐1.57) and other‐cause mortality (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.16‐1.49) and only with a small and nonsignificant higher risk of breast cancer mortality (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.93‐1.52). The results did not differ in analyses stratified by race, hormone receptor status, or after an analysis of cases diagnosed within 5 years after baseline.CONCLUSIONSAmong women with early stage breast cancer, cardiometabolic risk factors are significantly associated with cardiovascular and other‐cause mortality, but not breast cancer mortality. Cancer 2018;124:1798‐807. © 2018 American Cancer Society
Transfection by Electroporation
Authors: Potter Huntington , Heller Richard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractElectroporation—the use of high‐voltage electric shocks to introduce DNA into cells—can be used with most cell types, yields a high frequency of both stable transformation and transient gene expression, and, because it requires fewer steps, can be easier than alternate techniques. This unit describes electroporation of mammalian cells, including ES cells for the preparation of knock‐out, knock‐in, and transgenic mice. Protocols are described for the use of electroporation in vivo to perform gene therapy for cancer therapy and DNA vaccination. Also described are modifications for preparation and transfection of plant protoplasts. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Avian Retrovirus‐Mediated Tumor‐Specific Gene Knockout
Authors: Wang Wei , Dong Bingning , Yang Feng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe RCAS (replication‐competent avian sarcoma leukosis virus long‐terminal repeat with splice acceptor)‐TVA (tumor virus A) gene delivery system has been successfully used in modeling human cancers. Based on this, we have recently developed a novel RCI‐Oncogene (RCAS‐Cre‐IRES‐Oncogene) gene delivery system that can be used to efficiently manipulate gene expression in spontaneous tumors in vivo. We used this system for tumor gene knockout (TuKO) and demonstrated a crucial role of FGFR1 in driving mammary tumor metastasis. This versatile tumor gene modification system can also be adapted into different configurations to address different questions in appropriate mutant mouse hosts. Here we describe a protocol using the TuKO approach to knock out a gene of interest in tumors in appropriate hosts. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of Rare Earth Elements and Nitrogen Co‐Doped on the Photocatalytic Performance of TiO2
Authors: Bao Ruiyu , Yu Yanmin , Chen Huiying , Wang Wenzhong , Xia Jianxin , Li Hua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2), which is codoped with nine different rare earth mental ions (RE3+ = lanthanum (La3+), cerium (Ce3+), praseodymium (Pr3+), neodymium (Nd3+), samarium (Sm3+), gadolinium (Gd3+), erbium (Er3+), ytterbium (Yb3+), lutetium (Lu3+)) and nitrogen (N), are synthesized by non‐hydrolytic sol‐gel method under different calcination temperatures. The morphology, structure and performance of as‐prepared samples are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectroscopy. The results indicat that co‐doping can inhibit the particles growth significantly and extend light‐absorption to the visible region. Nd/N and Pr/N co‐doped TiO2 (calcining temperature at 380 °C) exhibit superior photocatalytic activity toward methyl orange (MO) degradation under visible light irradiation for 150 min, the degradation rate of MO solution are approximately 91 and 89% respectively. By comparison, the degradation rate are only 43 and 7% for the N‐TiO2 and pure TiO2 respectively.
Sustainable Synthesis of Oxalic and Succinic Acid through Aerobic Oxidation of C6 Polyols Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Ventura Maria , Williamson David , Lobefaro Francesco , Jones Matthew D. , Mattia Davide , Nocito Francesco , Aresta Michele , Dibenedetto Angela 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe sustainable chemical industry encompasses a shift from the use of fossil carbon to renewable carbon. The synthesis of chemicals from nonedible biomass (cellulosic or oil) represents one of the key steps for “greening” the chemical industry. In this paper, we report the aerobic oxidative cleavage of C6 polyols (5‐HMF, glucose, fructose and sucrose) to oxalic acid (OA) and succinic acid (SA) in water under mild conditions using M@CNT and M@NCNT (M=Fe, V; CNT=carbon nanotubes; NCNT=N‐doped CNT), which, under suitable conditions, were recoverable and reusable without any loss of efficiency. The influence of the temperature, O2 pressure (P
), reaction time and stirring rate are discussed and the best reaction conditions are determined for an almost complete conversion of the starting material and a good OA yield of 48 %. SA and formic acid were the only co‐products. The former could be further converted into OA by oxidation in the presence of formic acid, resulting in an overall OA yield of >62 %. This process was clean and did not produce organic waste nor gas emissions.
Analysis of D2D‐pairing scheme based on Voronoi diagram in cellular networks
Authors: Liu Chun‐Peng , He Chen‐Guang , Meng Wei‐Xiao 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a device‐to‐device (D2D)–pairing scheme based on Voronoi diagram, which establishes D2D links by the relation of transmission powers and link distances. Using the principle of stochastic geometry and channel inversion, the coverage probability is analyzed, we observe that the co‐channel interference caused by cellular networks is stable in theory, and the influence of link distance parameter is highlighted as well. According to the second‐order moment of link distance, the new metric space of D2D terminals set is constructed, in which Voronoi diagram is degenerated into Delaunay triangles set to represent the potential D2D links. In addition, on the basis of the mini‐max length criterion of Delaunay triangle, the D2D communication range–limiting algorithm is designed. Finally, the more intuitive results compared with conventional D2D communications are displayed by simulations. Owing to restraining the D2D communication range, lower co‐channel interference can be obtained. Specially, the D2D‐pairing scheme is approximate local optimal under the D2D communication range–limiting algorithm, and it can provide more fairness than greedy algorithm.
Infrared heater system for warming tropical forest understory plants and soils
Authors: Kimball Bruce A. , Alonso‐Rodríguez Aura M. , Cavaleri Molly A. , Reed Sasha C. , González Grizelle , Wood Tana E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe response of tropical forests to global warming is one of the largest uncertainties in predicting the future carbon balance of Earth. To determine the likely effects of elevated temperatures on tropical forest understory plants and soils, as well as other ecosystems, an infrared (IR) heater system was developed to provide in situ warming for the Tropical Responses to Altered Climate Experiment (TRACE) in the Luquillo Experimental Forest in Puerto Rico. Three replicate heated 4‐m‐diameter plots were warmed to maintain a 4°C increase in understory vegetation compared to three unheated control plots, as sensed by IR thermometers. The equipment was larger than any used previously and was subjected to challenges different from those of many temperate ecosystem warming systems, including frequent power surges and outages, high humidity, heavy rains, hurricanes, saturated clayey soils, and steep slopes. The system was able to maintain the target 4.0°C increase in hourly average vegetation temperatures to within ± 0.1°C. The vegetation was heterogeneous and on a 21° slope, which decreased uniformity of the warming treatment on the plots; yet, the green leaves were fairly uniformly warmed, and there was little difference among 0–10 cm depth soil temperatures at the plot centers, edges, and midway between. Soil temperatures at the 40–50 cm depth increased about 3°C compared to the controls after a month of warming. As expected, the soil in the heated plots dried faster than that of the control plots, but the average soil moisture remained adequate for the plants. The TRACE heating system produced an adequately uniform warming precisely controlled down to at least 50‐cm soil depth, thereby creating a treatment that allows for assessing mechanistic responses of tropical plants and soil to warming, with applicability to other ecosystems. No physical obstacles to scaling the approach to taller vegetation (i.e., trees) and larger plots were observed.
You stay, but I Hop: Host shifting near and far co‐dominated the evolution of Enchenopa treehoppers
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Hsun , Cocroft Reginald B. , Snyder Robert L. , Lin Chung‐Ping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe importance and prevalence of phylogenetic tracking between hosts and dependent organisms caused by co‐evolution and shifting between closely related host species have been debated for decades. Most studies of phylogenetic tracking among phytophagous insects and their host plants have been limited to insects feeding on a narrow range of host species. However, narrow host ranges can confound phylogenetic tracking (phylogenetic tracking hypothesis) with host shifting between hosts of intermediate relationship (intermediate hypothesis). Here, we investigated the evolutionary history of the Enchenopa binotata complex of treehoppers. Each species in this complex has high host fidelity, but the entire complex uses hosts across eight plant orders. The phylogenies of E. binotata were reconstructed to evaluate whether (1) tracking host phylogeny; or (2) shifting between intermediately related host plants better explains the evolutionary history of E. binotata. Our results suggest that E. binotata primarily shifted between both distant and intermediate host plants regardless of host phylogeny and less frequently tracked the phylogeny of their hosts. These findings indicate that phytophagous insects with high host fidelity, such as E. binotata, are capable of adaptation not only to closely related host plants but also to novel hosts, likely with diverse phenology and defense mechanisms.
Species co‐occurrence networks: Can they reveal trophic and non‐trophic interactions in ecological communities?
Authors: Freilich Mara A. , Wieters Evie , Broitman Bernardo R. , Marquet Pablo A. , Navarrete Sergio A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCo‐occurrence methods are increasingly utilized in ecology to infer networks of species interactions where detailed knowledge based on empirical studies is difficult to obtain. Their use is particularly common, but not restricted to, microbial networks constructed from metagenomic analyses. In this study, we test the efficacy of this procedure by comparing an inferred network constructed using spatially intensive co‐occurrence data from the rocky intertidal zone in central Chile to a well‐resolved, empirically based, species interaction network from the same region. We evaluated the overlap in the information provided by each network and the extent to which there is a bias for co‐occurrence data to better detect known trophic or non‐trophic, positive or negative interactions. We found a poor correspondence between the co‐occurrence network and the known species interactions with overall sensitivity (probability of true link detection) equal to 0.469, and specificity (true non‐interaction) equal to 0.527. The ability to detect interactions varied with interaction type. Positive non‐trophic interactions such as commensalism and facilitation were detected at the highest rates. These results demonstrate that co‐occurrence networks do not represent classical ecological networks in which interactions are defined by direct observations or experimental manipulations. Co‐occurrence networks provide information about the joint spatial effects of environmental conditions, recruitment, and, to some extent, biotic interactions, and among the latter, they tend to better detect niche‐expanding positive non‐trophic interactions. Detection of links (sensitivity or specificity) was not higher for well‐known intertidal keystone species than for the rest of consumers in the community. Thus, as observed in previous empirical and theoretical studies, patterns of interactions in co‐occurrence networks must be interpreted with caution, especially when extending interaction‐based ecological theory to interpret network variability and stability. Co‐occurrence networks may be particularly valuable for analysis of community dynamics that blends interactions and environment, rather than pairwise interactions alone.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulates the function of human CD56bright NK cells
Authors: Moreno‐Nieves Uriel Y. , Mundy David C. , Shin June Ho , Tam Kenric , Sunwoo John B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHuman natural killer (NK) cells are divided into two subsets: CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells, which differ in maturation, function and distribution. Mechanisms regulating NK cell functions are not completely understood. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand‐activated transcription factor, that binds to a variety of endogenous and exogenous molecules, and that has recently been shown to modulate the function and differentiation of immune cells. Here, we studied the expression of AhR and its involvement in the regulation of NK cell functions. We found that AhR mRNA is highly expressed in peripheral CD56bright NK cells and that AhR mRNA expression gradually decreases as NK cells display a more mature phenotype. CD56bright NK cells were highly sensitive to AhR ligands. Specifically, AhR ligands modulated their activation and their expression of NK cell receptors, as well as cytokine secretion which is the major function of these cells. As CD56bright NK cells are highly enriched in tissues and in tumors, our observations point to a possible effect of local AhR ligands in the regulation of the function of CD56bright tissue‐resident or intratumoral NK cells.
Principal component analysis of physicochemical and sensory characteristics of beef rounds extended with gum arabic from Acacia senegal var. kerensis
Authors: Mwove Johnson K. , Gogo Lilian A. , Chikamai Ben N. , Omwamba Mary , Mahungu Symon M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrincipal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to study the relationship between 24 meat quality measurements taken from beef round samples that were injected with curing brines containing gum arabic (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3%) and soy protein concentrate (SPC) (3.5%) at two injection levels (30% and 35%). The measurements used to describe beef round quality were expressible moisture, moisture content, cook yield, possible injection, achieved gum arabic level in beef round, and protein content, as well as descriptive sensory attributes for flavor, texture, basic tastes, feeling factors, color, and overall acceptability. Several significant correlations were found between beef round quality parameters. The highest significant negative and positive correlations were recorded between color intensity and gray color and between color intensity and brown color, respectively. The first seven principal components (PCs) were extracted explaining over 95% of the total variance. The first PC was characterized by texture attributes (hardness and denseness), feeling factors (chemical taste and chemical burn), and two physicochemical properties (expressible moisture and achieved gum arabic level). Taste attribute (saltiness), physicochemical attributes (cook yield and possible injection), and overall acceptability were useful in defining the second PC, while the third PC was characterized by metallic taste, gray color, brown color, and physicochemical attributes (moisture and protein content). The correlation loading plot showed that the distribution of the samples on the axes of the first two PCs allowed for differentiation of samples injected to 30% injection level which were placed on the upper side of the biplot from those injected to 35% which were placed on the lower side. Similarly, beef samples extended with gum arabic and those containing SPC were also visible when scores for the first and third PCs were plotted. Thus, PCA was efficient in analyzing the quality characteristics of beef rounds extended with gum arabic.
Cenozoic uplift of the Qimantage Mountains, northeastern Tibet: Contraints from provenance analysis of Cenozoic sediments in Qaidam Basin
Authors: Zhou Hai , Chen Liang , Diwu Chunrong , Lei Chuan 
Published: January 2018

Qimantage Orogen as the western part of East Kunlun Mountains is located in the northeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau. In this contribution, detrital zircon age spectra combined with heavy mineral analysis of Cenozoic sediments from Qaidam Basin were applied to reveal the uplift history of Qimantage Mountains. Our results show that the Cenozoic staged uplift of the Qimantage Mountains exhibit eastward and northward uplift characteristics. From the middle Eocene to Quaternary, there are three major uplift stages for Qimantage Mountains: the first stage is from middle Eocene to late Eocene (~45–35.3 Ma). The range developed a topographic pattern of east‐high and west‐low at that time, and the uplift of the east part range at that time is significant perhaps linked to the Cenozoic uplift of Tibetan Plateau due to its significant crustal shortening. The second stage is from early Oligocene to late Miocene (~15–8 Ma). During this stage, the uplift is both significant in tectonic and topographic aspects, and the overall uplift occurred mainly in the middle and west part of Qimantage Mountains. The last stage is from late Miocene to Quaternary (~2.8 Ma to present), and the Qimantage Mountains experienced complete uplift. The provenance is mainly the northern Qimantage Mountains without sediments supplied from further south, and therefore, the Qaidam Basin became an intermontane basin geomorphically.