bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of freeze-thaw cycles and chlorpyrifos insecticide use on diffuse Cd loss and sediment accumulation
Authors: Wang Fangli , Ouyang Wei , Hao Fanghua , Jiao Wei , Shan Yushu , Lin Chunye 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFreeze-thaw cycles are predicted to increase in cold temperate regions. The potential influence of the interactions of freeze-thaw cycles and agrochemicals on the release of Cd into river water is unknown. In this study, the interactions of freeze-thaw cycles and chlorpyrifos (FC) on Cd mobility in soils were analysed. The spatial variability of soil Cd under long-term intensive tillage in a freeze-thaw agro-system was also identified. The temporal variation of sediment Cd was detected based on analysis of the sediment geochemistry. The results showed that FC increased soil Cd mobility, with an increase of approximately 10% in CaCl2-extractable Cd. The increased mobile fractions of water-soluble and exchangeable Cd originated from the decreased fraction of Fe-Mn-oxide-associated Cd and organic matter-bound Cd. The total Cd content in the surface soil followed the zonally decreasing trend of dry land > paddy land > natural land. The Cd concentrations and sedimentation rates of the sediment core generally increased from 1943 to 2013 due to agricultural exploration and farmland irrigation system construction, indicating an increase of the Cd input flux into water. The results provide valuable information about the soil Cd transport response to the influence of climatic and anthropogenic factors in cold intensive agro-systems.
Role of Histidine 547 of Human Dopamine Transporter in Molecular Interaction with HIV-1 Tat and Dopamine Uptake
Authors: Yuan Yaxia , Quizon Pamela M. , Sun Wei-Lun , Yao Jianzhuang , Zhu Jun , Zhan Chang-Guo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHIV-1 Tat plays an important role in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) by disrupting neurotransmission including dopamine uptake by human dopamine transporter (hDAT). Previous studies have demonstrated that HIV-1 Tat directly binds to hDAT and some amino-acid mutations that attenuate the hDAT-Tat binding also significantly decreased dopamine uptake activity of hDAT. This combined computational-experimental study demonstrates that histidine-547 (H547) of hDAT plays a crucial role in the hDAT-Tat binding and dopamine uptake by hDAT, and that the H547A mutation can not only considerably attenuate Tat-induced inhibition of dopamine uptake, but also significantly increase the Vmax of hDAT for dopamine uptake. The finding of such an unusual hDAT mutant capable of both increasing the Vmax of hDAT for dopamine uptake and disrupting the hDAT-Tat binding may provide an exciting knowledge basis for development of novel concepts for therapeutic treatment of the HAND.
Radiographic, antibacterial and bond-strength effects of radiopaque caries tagging
Authors: Umwali Aurore , Askar Haitham , Paris Sebastian , Schwendicke Falk 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSelectively excavated carious lesions remain radiographically detectable. Radiopaque tagging could resolve the resulting diagnostic uncertainty. We aimed to evaluate if tagging depends on lesions depths, is antibacterial, or affects dentin bond-strengths. Artificial lesions (depth-range: 152–682 μm, n = 34/group) were induced in human dentin samples, evaluated using wavelength-independent microradiography, treated with one of two tagging materials (70% SnCl2, 30% SnF2) and re-evaluated. To evaluate antimicrobial effects, 40 dentin samples were submitted to a Lactobacillus rhamnosus invasion-model. Infected samples were treated with placebo, 0.2% chlorhexidine, SnCl2, SnF2 (n = 10/group). Dentin was sampled and colony-forming units/mg determined. Micro-tensile bond-strengths of adhesive restorations (OptiBond FL, Filtek Z250) to tagged or untagged, sound and carious dentin were assessed (n = 12/group). Tagged surfaces were evaluated microscopically and via energy-dispersive X-ray-spectroscopy (EDS). Tagging effects of both materials decreased with increasing lesion depths (p < 0.001). Un-/chlorhexidine-treated dentin contained significantly more viable bacteria (median 7.3/3.7 × 105 CFU/mg) than tagged dentin (no CFU detectable, p < 0.001). Tagging decreased bond strengths (p < 0.001) on sound (−22%/−33% for SnCl2/SnF2) and carious dentin (−50%/−54%). This might be due to widespread tin chloride or fluoride precipitation, as detected via microscopy and EDS. While radiopaque tagging seems beneficial, an optimized application protocol needs to be developed prior clinical use.
Immune dysfunction in patients with obstructive jaundice before and after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Chowdhury Abeed H. , Camara Miguel , Martinez-Pomares Luisa , Zaitoun Abed M. , Eremin Oleg , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Lobo Dileep N. 
Published: June 2016

This prospective observational study investigated monocyte cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in patients with obstructive jaundice (OJ) before and after endoscopic biliary drainage. Dendritic cell (DC) subsets and their expression of co-stimulatory molecules were also studied. Forty patients with OJ and ten non-jaundiced patients with normal gastroscopy findings were recruited. Ten healthy volunteers provided control blood samples for immunological assays. Patients with OJ had blood and duodenal mucosa sampled at the time of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and further blood sampled during the recovery phase. Monocyte cytokine responses to LPS, DC subsets and co-stimulatory molecule expression were compared with controls. Duodenal morphology and occludin expression were also assessed. Monocytes obtained before ERCP from jaundiced patients demonstrated reduced cytokine responses to endotoxin compared with controls (IL-1β: 2678 compared with 4631 pg/ml, P=0.04 and IL-6: 3442 compared with 6157 pg/ml, P=0.002). Monocytes from patients with malignancy had poorer responses to endotoxin than from those with benign OJ (IL-1β: 2025 compared with 3332 pg/ml, P=0.001). After ERCP, the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by monocytes obtained from jaundiced patients increased (IL-1β: 2150 compared with 2520 pg/ml, P=0.03 and IL-6: 2488 compared with 3250 pg/ml, P=0.01). Occludin expression (85 compared with 95%, P=0.004) and mean duodenal villus height (334 compared with 404 μm, P=0.03) were lower in jaundiced patients. Before biliary drainage, patients with OJ had a higher percentage of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and greater mDC expression of CD40 (P=0.04) and CD86 (P=0.04). Monocytes from patients with OJ had lower proinflammatory cytokine secretion in response to LPS, an effect reversed following biliary drainage.
An Application of Item Response Theory and the Rasch Model in Speech Recognition Test Materials
Authors: Ng Iris H.-Y. , Lee Kathy Y. S. , Lam Joffee H. S. , van Hasselt C. Andrew , Tong Michael C. F. 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to describe an attempt to apply item-response theory (IRT) and the Rasch model to construction of speech-recognition tests. A set of word-recognition test items applicable to children as young as 3 years old—with any level of hearing sensitivity, with or without using hearing devices—was developed.MethodTest items were constructed through expert consultation and by reference to some established language corpora, validated with 121 participants with various degrees of hearing loss and 255 with typical hearing. IRT and the Rasch model were applied to evaluate item quality.ResultsEighty disyllabic word items were selected in accordance with IRT. The speech-recognition abilities of the 376 young participants are reported. The IRT analyses on this set of data are also discussed.ConclusionsA new set of speech-recognition test materials in Cantonese Chinese has been developed. Construction of short equivalent lists may be performed in accordance with IRT item qualities. Clinical applications of this test tool in the particular language population are discussed.
Design of dual‐band −3 dB couplers with a wide range of dual‐band frequency ratios
Authors: Chang Chih‐Chun , Chin Kuo‐Sheng , Zheng Yu‐Feng 
Published: June 2016

A novel topology for designing dual‐band couplers with −3 dB coupling and a wide range of dual‐band frequency ratios is presented. The proposed structure consists of two coupled‐line sections connected by two uncoupled lines and four tapped stubs. This coupler can achieve a high frequency ratio of up to 5 by adjusting the impedance of tapped stubs. An experiment coupler operating at 0.7/2.6 GHz with a frequency ratio of 3.71 and −3 dB coupling was fabricated for demonstration.
How well are health information websites displayed on mobile phones? Implications for the readability of health information
Authors: Cheng Christina , Dunn Matthew 
Published: June 2016

Issue addressedMore than 87% of Australians own a mobile phone with Internet access and 82% of phone owners use their smartphones to search for health information, indicating that mobile phones may be a powerful tool for building health literacy. Yet, online health information has been found to be above the reading ability of the general population. As reading on a smaller screen may further complicate the readability of information, this study aimed to examine how health information is displayed on mobile phones and its implications for readability.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional design with convenience sampling, a sample of 270 mobile webpages with information on 12 common health conditions was generated for analysis, they were categorised based on design and position of information display.ResultsThe results showed that 71.48% of webpages were mobile‐friendly but only 15.93% were mobile‐friendly webpages designed in a way to optimise readability, with a paging format and queried information displayed for immediate viewing.ConclusionWith inadequate evidence and lack of consensus on how webpage design can best promote reading and comprehension, it is difficult to draw a conclusion on the effect of current mobile health information presentation on readability.So what?Building mobile‐responsive websites should be a priority for health information providers and policy‐makers. Research efforts are urgently required to identify how best to enhance readability of mobile health information and fully capture the capabilities of mobile phones as a useful device to increase health literacy.
The relationship between variable and polarized optical spectral components of luminous type 1 non-blazar quasars
Authors: Kokubo Mitsuru 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Optical spectropolarimetry by Kishimoto et al. (2004, MNRAS, 354, 1065) has shown that several luminous type 1 quasars show a strong decrease of the polarized continuum flux in the rest-frame near-ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of λ &lt; 4000 Å. In the literature, this spectral feature is interpreted as evidence of the broadened hydrogen Balmer absorption edge imprinted on the accretion disk thermal emission due to the disk atmospheric opacity effect. On the other hand, quasar flux variability studies have shown that the variable continuum component in UV–optical spectra of quasars, which is considered to be a good indicator of the intrinsic spectral shape of the accretion disk emission, generally has a significantly flat spectral shape throughout the near-UV to optical spectral range. To examine whether the disk continuum spectral shapes revealed as the polarized flux and as the variable component spectra are consistent with each other, we carry out multi-band photometric monitoring observations for a sample of four polarization-decreasing quasars of Kishimoto et al.'s (4C 09.72, 3C 323.1, Ton 202, and B2 1208+32) to derive the variable component spectra and compare the spectral shape of them with that of the polarized flux spectra. Contrary to expectation, we confirm that the two spectral components of these quasars have totally different spectral shapes, in that the variable component spectra are significantly bluer compared to the polarized flux spectra. This discrepancy between two spectral shapes may imply either (1) the decrease of polarization degree in the rest-frame UV wavelengths is not indicating the Balmer absorption edge feature but is induced by some unknown (de)polarization mechanisms, or (2) the UV–optical flux variability is occurring preferentially at the hot inner radii of the accretion disk and thus the variable component spectra do not reflect the whole accretion disk emission.
Do 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Correlate With Fracture Complications?
Authors: Bodendorfer Blake M. , Cook James L. , Robertson Daniel S. , Della Rocca Gregory J. , Volgas David A. , Stannard James P. , Crist Brett D. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives:
To determine the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and the likelihood of postoperative complications and fracture reoperation rate in orthopaedic trauma patients receiving vitamin D and calcium supplementation.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Level I trauma center, Midwestern United States.

Patients:
All orthopaedic trauma patients—18 years or older—over a 20-month period were included with available initial and repeat 25(OH)D serum levels. In total, 201 patients met inclusion criteria.

Intervention:
All patients received 1000 IU of vitamin D3 and 1500 mg of calcium daily. Vitamin D deficient and insufficient patients also received 50,000 IU of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) weekly until 25(OH)D levels normalized or fractures healed.

Main Outcome Measurements:
fracture complications and 25(OH)D levels.

Results:
Fifteen patients experienced postoperative healing complications. There was no significant difference between initial (P = 0.92) or repeat (P = 0.91) 25(OH)D levels between patients with and without fracture healing complications. Twenty-eight patients required repeat orthopaedic surgery. There was no significant difference between initial (P = 0.62) or repeat (P = 0.18) 25(OH)D levels between patients who did or did not require repeat orthopaedic surgery. There was no significant difference between initial (P = 0.66) or repeat (P = 0.89) 25(OH)D levels between patients who did or did not require nonorthopaedic surgery.

Conclusions:
Serum 25(OH)D levels did not significantly affect the likelihood of fracture healing complications requiring surgery or any nonorthopaedic injury-related surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Internally Randomized Control Trial of Radiation Exposure Using Ultra-low Radiation Imaging Versus Traditional C-arm Fluoroscopy for Patients Undergoing Single-level Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Wang Timothy Y. , Farber S. Harrison , Perkins Scott S. , Back Adam G. , Byrd Sarah A. , Chi Debbie , Vincent David , Karikari Isaac O. 
Published: June 2016

Study Design.
Randomized controlled trial.

Objective.
To compare radiation exposure between ultra-low radiation imaging (ULRI) with image enhancement and standard-dose fluoroscopy for patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF).

Summary of Background Data.
Although the benefits of MIS are lauded by many, there is a significant amount of radiation exposure to surgeon and operating room personnel. Our goal with this work was to see if by using ultra-low dose radiation settings coupled with image enhancement, this exposure could be minimized.

Methods.
An institutional review board approved, prospective, internally randomized controlled trial was performed comparing ultra-low dose settings coupled with image enhancement software to conventional fluoroscopic imaging. In this study, each patient served as their own control, randomly assigning one side of MIS-TLIF for cannulation and K-wire placement using each imaging modality. Further, the case was also randomly divided into screw placement and cage placement/final images to allow further comparisons amongst patients. Radiation production from the C-arm fluoroscope and radiation exposure to all operating room personnel were recorded.

Results.
Twenty-four patients were randomly assigned to undergo a single level MIS-TLIF. In no case was low radiation imaging abandoned, and no patient had a neurologic decline or required hardware repositioning. Everyone in the operating room—the physician, scrub nurse, circulator, and anesthesiologist—all benefited with 61.6% to 83.5% reduction in radiation exposure during cannulation and K-wire placement to screw insertion aided by ULRI. In every case but the anesthesiologist dose, this was statistically significant (P < 0.05). This benefit required no additional time (P = 0.78 for K-wire placement).

Conclusion.
ULRI, when aided by image enhancement software, affords the ability for all parties in the operating room to substantially decrease their radiation exposure compared with standard-dose C-arm fluoroscopy without adding additional time or an increased complication rate.

Level of Evidence: 2
Infectious Angiogenesis—Different Pathways, the Same Goal
Authors: Urbanowicz Maria , Kutzner Heinz , Riveiro-Falkenbach Erica , Rodriguez-Peralto Jose L. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:
Infectious angiogenesis is the biological response of neoangiogenesis induced by infectious organisms. The authors present 3 exemplary entities which show paradigmatic clinico-pathological settings of infectious angiogenesis: Bacillary angiomatosis, Orf (ecthyma contagiosum), and Kaposi sarcoma. The authors review the literature and elucidate etiopathogenetic pathways leading to the phenomenon of neovascularization stimulated by infectious organisms. The authors describe the clinical and histological pictures, interactions between microorganisms and host cells, and changes that occur within cellular structures, as well as angiogenic factors that underpin infectious angiogenesis. The importance of chronic inflammation and tumor angiogenesis is emphasized.
Endocrine prevention of chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure
Authors: Blumenfeld Zeev , Evron Ayelet 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
Fertility preservation has recently gained a worldwide interest among fertility specialists, oncologists, and all healthcare providers. Thus, the protection against iatrogenic infertility caused by chemotherapy assumes a high priority. Specifically, the issue of endocrine prevention of gonadotoxicity is still a controversial subject.

Recent findings
During the last year, many publications on this subject appeared, swinging the pendulum toward the beneficial role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) cotreatment for fertility preservation despite gonadotoxic chemotherapy. Here, we summarize the recent publications on fertility preservation and minimizing chemotherapy-induced gonadotoxicity.

Summary
More than 10 recent meta-analyses have concluded that GnRHa is beneficial and may decrease the risk of premature ovarian failure and increase the pregnancy rate in survivors. Furthermore, two recent international meetings of experts have concluded that GnRHa is effective and should be offered to every young woman facing gonadotoxic chemotherapy.
Endometrial ablation: considerations and complications
Authors: Moulder Janelle K. , Yunker Amanda 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
The purpose of the review is to update the reader on endometrial ablation as a treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding, including modifications to initial treatment guidelines and current data on long-term outcomes.

Recent findings
Endometrial ablation continues to be a successful treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding, with new indications potentially forthcoming. Patient selection is key, as certain patient groups are at increased risk for ablation failure and complications.

Summary
Gynecologists should continue to offer this treatment to appropriate patients with abnormal uterine bleeding, with adequate counseling regarding anticipated success rates, factors associated with failure, alternative treatments, and long-term consequences related to ablation.
Management of Senile Ptosis with Levator Muscle Resection Using the Putterman Clamp
Authors: Yang Ju-Wen 
Published: June 2016

Summary:
Putterman clamp, a muscle clamp, is commonly used in conjunctival müllerectomies. We report 3 cases of senile ptosis repaired with levator muscle resection using the Putterman clamp. The redundant levator aponeurosis was removed with electrocautery after clamping with the Putterman clamp. The levator muscle was refixed to the tarsus with three 4-0 Vicryl stitches after adjusting the height of the eyelid fissure. No intraoperative difficulties were encountered. Ecchymosis and edema were limited in the immediate postoperative period. No complications were noted during the follow-up. The benefits of using the Putterman clamp in levator muscle resection are illustrated in these cases.
Large Ganglion Cyst with Unusual Location on the Back—A Case Report
Authors: Schoellhammer Liv , Nielsen Thomas Wagner , Berg Jais Oliver 
Published: June 2016

Summary:
A ganglion cyst is a soft tissue tumor-like lesion filled with colloid material commonly located on the hand and wrist. We report a case of a large ganglion cyst with an unusual location on the back. The patient presented with a mass growing over 2 months measuring 11.2 × 4.7 × 7.2 cm on magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound and puncture was attempted twice without achieving drainage. After surgical removal, histologic examination diagnosed the tumor as a ganglion cyst. We conclude that when evaluating a subcutaneous soft tissue mass, regardless of localization, a ganglion cyst may be a differential diagnosis.
Predictive Factors for Drainage Volume after Expander-based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Suga Hirotaka , Shiraishi Tomohiro , Shibasaki Yuka , Takushima Akihiko , Harii Kiyonori 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Closed suction drains are widely used in breast reconstruction, and the drains are removed based on a volume criterion. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no study analyzing predictive factors for drainage volume after breast reconstruction.

Methods:
Data of daily drainage in cases with expander-based breast reconstruction between February 2013 and March 2015 (131 patients and 134 expanders) were retrospectively analyzed. Patient factors and operative factors were examined for their influences on total drainage using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:
The total drainage was 557.3 ± 359.7 mL. A strong correlation was observed between total drainage and duration of drains (correlation coefficient, 0.908). Operative factors, such as mastectomy type, expander type, operative time, and blood loss, did not affect the total drainage. Patients with axillary lymph node dissection showed a higher total volume of drainage (P < 0.001). The weight of the resected specimen, body weight, and breast volume calculated preoperatively showed a strong correlation with total drainage (correlation coefficients, 0.454, 0.388, and 0.345, respectively). In multiple regression analysis with preoperative data, age (P = 0.008), body weight (P = 0.018), and scheduled axillary dissection (P < 0.001) were significant predictive factors for total drainage. Among postoperative data, age (P = 0.003), axillary dissection (P = 0.032), and weight of resected specimen (P = 0.013) were significant predictors.

Conclusions:
Based on preoperative and/or postoperative information, plastic surgeons can predict the total drainage and duration of drains after expander-based breast reconstruction. Age, breast mass, and axillary lymph node dissection are important factors for this prediction.