bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical points and the presence of pathogenic bacteria in iced beverage processing lines
Authors: Nababan Halim , Rahayu Winiati Pudji , Waturangi Diana Elizabeth , Suratmono Suratmono , Puspitasari Rina , Indrotristanto Nugroho , Nikastri Eva , Yuliangsih Suci , Pusparini Novi 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Ice can be contaminated by pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to identify critical points in iced beverage production and distribution lines to examine the presence of pathogenic bacteria in a beverage and its processing environment, as well as when water and ice used as main ingredients.
Methodology: The critical points were determined using the principles of Hazard Analytical Critical Control Point (HACCP) to analyze each processing and distribution step from the survey. Samples collected from the points of concern based on the critical points that were found were tested for pathogens by conventional method and molecular method using primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results: Escherichia coli was found in 6.34% of samples, and 0.7% of them were confirmed as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) by PCR. Vibrio cholerae was found in in 0.7% of water samples used to make iced beverages and in ice production, as well as in 2.12% of distribution and production tools. Salmonella Typhimurium was found in 1.4% of water samples used to make ice and ice products. Staphylococcus aureus was found in 2.02% of the surfaces of ice distribution and production tools and in 5.05% of production and distribution workers’ hands. S. aureus counts ranged from 2.4×102 - 3.5×102 colonies/100 cm² surface area and 1.9×10¹ - 3.7×102 colonies/workers’ hands.
Conclusion: Control on many critical points in iced beverage processing and distribution is required so that the beverages are safe for consumption.
Management of Polypoid Gallbladder Lesions in Children: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Binet Aurélien , Varlet François , Baudry Manon , Dubois Rémi , Héry Géraldine , Podevin Guillaume , Abbo Olivier , Arnaud Alexis , Barras Marc , Guerin Florent , Reinberg Olivier , Piolat Christian , Fourcade Laurent , Ballouhey Quentin 
Published: July 2017

Introduction Polypoid lesions of the gallbladder (PLG) are relatively common in adults, while they are very rare in children. The use of high-quality ultrasonography leads to increased detection of PLG, although less than 20 pediatric cases of primary PLG have been reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to address the experience of PLG management in children.
Materials and Methods A retrospective multicenter review of children with ultrasonographically defined PLG between 2006 and 2016 was performed. The data from 12 pediatric surgery centers were compiled for this purpose.
Results Eighteen patients (mean age: 10.4 ± 4.1 years) were included and managed according to each center's protocols. Cholecystectomy was performed for nine symptomatic patients. Histopathology conclusively revealed four tubular and five papillary adenomas, with a median size of 12 mm (ranging from 3 to 35 mm). Nine asymptomatic children were monitored by sonography over a 24-month (ranging from 12 to 66 months) follow-up period. The median PLG size was 7 mm (ranging from 3 to 9 mm). Two lesions disappeared after 1 and 2 years of follow-up, respectively. None of the patients developed symptoms or malignant transformation.
Conclusion This report confirms appropriate use of a conservative approach with annual clinical and ultrasound follow-up for small-sized and isolated PLG in children given the absence of malignancy and potential vanishing entities. Surgical treatment should be considered in case of lesions larger than 10 mm in size or when they are associated with symptoms.
Acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi Infection by Larval Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Associated With Engorgement Measures
Authors: Couret J. , Dyer M. C. , Mather T. N. , Han S. , Tsao J. I. , Lebrun R. A. , Ginsberg H. S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Measuring rates of acquisition of the Lyme disease pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner, by the larval stage of Ixodes scapularis Say is a useful tool for xenodiagnoses of B. burgdorferi in vertebrate hosts. In the nymphal and adult stages of I. scapularis, the duration of attachment to hosts has been shown to predict both body engorgement during blood feeding and the timing of infection with B. burgdorferi. However, these relationships have not been established for the larval stage of I. scapularis. We sought to establish the relationship between body size during engorgement of larval I. scapularis placed on B. burgdorferi-infected, white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque) and the presence or absence of infection in larvae sampled from hosts over time. Body size, time, and their interaction were the best predictors of larval infection with B. burgdorferi. We found that infected larvae showed significantly greater engorgement than uninfected larvae as early as 24 h after placement on a host. These findings may suggest that infection with B. burgdorferi affects the larval feeding process. Alternatively, larvae that engorge more rapidly on hosts may acquire infections faster. Knowledge of these relationships can be applied to improve effective xenodiagnosis of B. burgdorferi in white-footed mice. Further, these findings shed light on vector–pathogen–host interactions during an understudied part of the Lyme disease transmission cycle.
Dynamic expression of tRNA-derived small RNAs define cellular states
Authors: Yim Daniel GR , Krishna Srikar , Lakshmanan Vairavan , Koh Judice LY , Park Jung Eun , Cheong Jit Kong , Low Joo Leng , Lim Michelle JS , Junyu IP , Nah Jie Min , Tan Iain BH , Iyer N Gopalakrishna , Guo Huili , Sze Siu Kwan , Raghavan Srikala , Palakodeti Dasaradhi , Dasgupta Ramanuj 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTransfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) have recently emerged as important regulators of protein translation and shown to have diverse biological functions. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of tsRNA function in the context of dynamic cell-state transitions remain unclear. Here we report the identification of a set of tsRNAs upregulated in differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Mechanistic analyses revealed primary functions of tsRNAs in regulating polysome assembly and translation. Notably, interactome studies with differentially-enriched tsRNAs revealed a switch in associations with ‘effector’ RNPs and ‘target’ mRNAs in different cell-states. We also demonstrate that a specific pool of tsRNAs can interact with Igf2bp1, an RNA-binding protein, to influence the expression of the pluripotency-promoting factor-c-Myc, thereby providing evidence for tsRNAs in modulating stem cell-states in mESCs. Finally, tsRNA expression analyses in distinct, heterologous cell and tissue models of stem/transformed versus differentiated/normal states reveal that tsRNA-mediated regulation of protein translation may represent a global biological phenomenon associated with cell-state transitions.One Sentence SummaryIdentification and functional characterization of tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) in cell state switches.
Obstructive and Central Sleep Apnea and the Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation in a Community Cohort of Men and Women
Authors: Tung Patricia , Levitzky Yamini S. , Wang Rui , Weng Jia , Quan Stuart F. , Gottlieb Daniel J. , Rueschman Michael , Punjabi Naresh M. , Mehra Reena , Bertisch Suzie , Benjamin Emelia J. , Redline Susan 
Published: July 2017

Background

Previous studies have documented a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (
AF
) in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (
OSA
). Central sleep apnea (
CSA
) has been associated with
AF
in patients with heart failure. However, data from prospective cohorts are sparse and few studies have distinguished the associations of obstructive sleep apnea from
CSA
with
AF
in population studies.

Methods and Results

We assessed the association of obstructive sleep apnea and
CSA
with incident
AF
among 2912 individuals without a history of
AF
in the SHHS (Sleep Heart Health Study), a prospective, community‐based study of existing (“parent”) cohort studies designed to evaluate the cardiovascular consequences of sleep disordered breathing. Incident
AF
was documented by 12‐lead
ECG
or assessed by the parent cohort. obstructive sleep apnea was defined by the obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index (
OAHI
).
CSA
was defined by a central apnea index ≥5 or the presence of Cheyne Stokes Respiration. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between sleep disordered breathing and incident
AF
. Over a mean of 5.3 years of follow‐up, 338 cases of incident
AF
were observed.
CSA
was a predictor of incident
AF
in all adjusted models and was associated with 2‐ to 3‐fold increased odds of developing
AF
(central apnea index ≥5 odds ratio [
OR],
3.00, 1.40–6.44; Cheyne–Stokes respiration
OR,
1.83, 0.95–3.54;
CSA
or Cheyne–Stokes respiration
OR,
2.00, 1.16–3.44). In contrast,
OAHI
was not associated with incident
AF
(
OAHI
per 5 unit increase
OR,
0.97, 0.91–1.03;
OAHI
5 to <15
OR,
0.84, 0.59–1.17;
OAHI
15 to <30
OR,
0.93, 0.60–1.45;
OAHI
≥30
OR,
0.76, 0.42–1.36).

Conclusions

In a prospective, community‐based cohort,
CSA
was associated with incident
AF
, even after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors.
Automatic Speech Recognition Procedures
Authors: Peterson Gordon E. 
Published: July 2017

This paper is concerned with the transformation of the varying acoustical parameters of speech to a discrete code to form the printed output of an automatic speech recognizer. The development of general automatic speech recognition procedures requires a definition of the linguistic code to be transcribed, and a statement of the dialectal and other conditions under which the recognition is to be achieved. Essential procedures in automatic speech recognition include: the analysis of the input speech wave into a series of basic acoustical parameters in frequency; the representation of the normalized parameters by a set of phoneme and prosodeme candidates by reference to stored linguistic information; and the print-out into words separated by spaces and grouped by means of a set of punctuation marks. The possibility is considered of employing values of conventional spelling and punctuation in the automatic representation of spoken American English.
On the Problem of Describing the Grammar of Natural Languages
Authors: Mason James A. , Peterson Gordon E. 
Published: July 2017

Difficulties encountered in an attempt to describe the syntax of English determiner phrases resulted in a reconsideration of the purpose and organizational principles of grammatical descriptions. Some illumination of the nature of grammatical descriptions is obtained by a consideration of systems of chess-notation. Problems of grammatical description discussed with reference to two specific examples of chess-notations include: (1) The problem of describing the" basic regularities " which determine how the sentences of a language are understood; (2) The problem of translating between two languages with the same " universe of discourse " but with different ways of referring to it ; (3) The problem of explaining the intuitive notion of " grammaticality "which native users of a language possess. The importance, for a useful language description, of describing the" semantic interpretation " process is illustrated and emphasized, and the value of language descriptions in the form of generative grammars is questioned.
Effect of Speech-Sound Cue On Ear Asymmetry in Dichotic Listening
Authors: Hemeyer Thomas F. , Sharf Donald J. 
Published: July 2017

Under conditions of dichotic presentation, subjects were asked to identify (1) the vowels /i, e, o/ produced in isolation and in CV syllables, (2) the voiceless stops /p, t, k/ produced in CV syllables and from consonant-noise cues spliced from CV syllables, and (3) the voiced stops /b, d, g/ from consonant-noise cues and initial formant transition cues spliced from CV syllables and from final formant transition cues spliced from VC syllables. The same stimuli were also presented monaurally with continuous contralateral noise and monaurally with pulsed contralateral noise. Under the dichotic condition, right-ear advantages were found for stops identified from voiced consonant-noise cues (52.2 % v. 46.0%), from voiceless consonant-noise cues (71.2% v. 61.0% and from CV syllables (76.6% ν. 58.7%). The differences between ears were negligible for the vowel and formant transition stimuli. There was evidence of ear dominance under the pulsed contralateral noise condition which was similar to that found for the dichotic condition. Results did not support the encoded hypothesis that right-ear dominance is dependent on formant transition cues but did support the hypothesis that right-ear dominance increases as the similarity of the competing stimuli increases.
Exposure to Infrasound — Perception and Changes in Wakefulness
Authors: Landström Ulf , Lundström Ronnie , Byström Marianne 
Published: July 2017

The present paper is a description of some laboratory experiments carried out in order to investigate the perception and changes in wakefulness occurring during exposure to infrasound. Perception of infrasound is based on hearing and vibrations in different parts of the body. Threshold of audibility was found to be approximately 110 dB(lin) at 4 Hz and 90 dB(lin) at 20 Hz. Sensations through vibrations were found to occur at about 20 dB above the hearing threshold levels. As far as vibrotactile sensation is concerned no difference was found to exist between deaf and hearing subjects. Hearing sensations could not be registered for neurosensory deafness. 10 deaf and 10 hearing subjects were exposed for 20 minutes at 6 Hz, 115 dB(lin). Reduced wakefulness was noticed among the hearing subjects but not among the deaf subjects. According to these results, changes in wakefulness of infrasound is based on cochlear stimulation. It is suggested that a reduction in wakefulness that is attributable to infrasound occurs at pressure levels close to the auditory threshold.
Physiological and Psychological Effects of Infrasound on Humans
Authors: Møller Henrik 
Published: July 2017

Sixteen subjects were exposed for three hours to inaudible infrasound, audible infrasound, traffic noise and a quiet control condition, while they performed various psychological tasks. Some cardiovascular and hearing parameters were recorded and after the experiments the subjects answered a questionnaire concerning their experiences during the noise exposure. The most conspicuous effect of infrasound was a high rating of annoyance and a feeling of pressure on the ear at less than 20 dB above the threshold of hearing. No influence on the cardiovascular system was seen and the performance only deteriorated in one of nine tasks. Infrasound below the threshold had no effect. It is concluded that a better knowledge of the hearing at low frequencies is required, the most urgent being an extension downward in frequency of existing curves of equal loudness and equal annoyance.
Sensitivity of Seated Subjects to Low Frequency Random Vibrations in the Vertical Direction. Subjective Approach Using Vibrations Representative of Earthmoving Machines
Authors: Mistrot P. , Roley D.G. , Donati P. , Roure L. 
Published: July 2017

A study was conducted to compare various methods for evaluating complex vibrations. The two methods recommended by the Standard ISO 2631 were tested. A subjective equalization technique was used in which 10 seated subjects were asked to adjust the intensity of a test stimulus until they perceived a whole body sensation equivalent to a reference stimulus. The vibration stimuli were low frequency motions along the vertical axis and they were representative of earthmoving machines. They were compared to each other and to sinusoidal and third octave band random vibrations centred at the same frequencies. The results obtained indicate that the overall frequency weighting methods are the most appropriate for the evaluation of complex vibrations. The vertical weighting curve recommended by the Standard ISO 2631 produces suitable results.
Equal Annoyance Contours for Infrasonic Frequencies
Authors: Andresen Jente , Møller Henrik 
Published: July 2017

Eighteen subjects (age range: 18–25) rated the annoyance of 18 sound stimuli on a graphic scale (four infrasonic frequencies at different intensity levels and four levels of 1000 Hz octave-filtered pink noise for reference). The exposure time for each stimulus was 15 minutes. The order of exposures was determined from a latin square and each subject was exposed to only one stimulus per day. Equal annoyance contours were constructed to connect points that produced the same annoyance rating. The equal annoyance curves demonstrate that the lower the frequency the greater must be the sound pressure to cause a given amount of annoyance. Compared with 1000 Hz the curves lie much closer together in the infrasonic range. The closeness of the curves in the infrasonic region implies that small changes in sound pressure may cause relatively large changes in annoyance. Based on the experimental results a weighting curve with a slope of 12 dB per octave is suggested for the assessment of annoyance and loudness in the infrasonic range. A curve with the same slope and an attenuation of O dB at 10 Hz is at present under consideration in the International Standardization Organization. For environmental purposes a maximum permitted level of 95 dB is proposed for use with this curve.
How Vibration Affects the Human Operator's Motor Characteristics
Authors: Koroleva I.N. , Scvorchevsky A.K. 
Published: July 2017

The work is devoted to research and development to investigate the opportunities to increase the efficiency of activity of the human-operator under vibration stress. Performance tasks were designed in the following main areas: 1. Study of healthy persons muscle efforts by hands and legs under multisign vestibular stimulation of shock and vibration loads and their combination. 2. The analysis of the influence of sitting posture of the person on accuracy of motor reactions under the above effects. 3. Study of vibration stress on the vestibular function of the person.
Local Emitters in the Regime of Maximum Absorption
Authors: Arabadzhi Vladimir V. 
Published: July 2017

Local emitters of waves (or local actuators of dimensions much less than the wavelength of the wave to be controlled) present a necessary part of most of active control systems. This paper is devoted to some properties of emitters (local emitters at most) in the regime of maximum (resonance-like) absorption. Such an emitter has an absorbing cross-section with dimensions about the wavelength of the wave to be absorbed. This property is referred to the waves of different physical nature, emitters of different constructions, different multipolarity, boundary problems of different geometrical dimension (n=2 and n=3). Especially the local 3-dimensional antennas of simple multipole structure, could ensure the absorbing cross-section unbounded, growing at the increasing of multipolarity order, remaining physically local. Regime of maximum absorption is formulated both in spectral and temporal representations in terms of so called generalized forces and velocities referred to some oscillatory degrees of freedom of boundary problem considered. Some aspects of cooperative and individual strategy of absorbing emitters and problems of their stability and causality of control are considered. Examples when emitters could help or oppose each other are shown.
A Movement Divided
Authors: Escobar Samuel 
Published: July 2017

Those who want to make social issues a bigger part of the world evangelization agenda have “met with the opposition of evangelical forces that seem committed to pull the [missions] movement backwards, towards mission styles of the Cold War era and towards pushing the imperial marketing of theological and missiological packages created within the framework of North American society.” This article examines the Lausanne movement, including the landmark evangelization conferences of 1974 and 1989 and focuses on questions of social issues and the gospel. The major purpose is to identify and describe three missiological streams which must establish dialogue with one another if the task of world evangelization is to be accomplished. The “church growth” missiological school, “managerial missiology” “fails to appreciate those aspects of missionary work that cannot be measured or reduced to figures”.
Christian feminism and feminist perspectives on population control
Authors: Harris Harriet A. 
Published: July 2017

Women whether at home or at work, are generally more easily hurt by difficult situations and angry words, and are less able to cope with the cut and thrust of life. We were made as complementaly individuals to men and we need their strength, their objectivity and their protection at difficult times. But equally, ourvery sensitiiity and vulnerability makes us more ready to recwnize our need of God and of His daily power and While a man is often too busy to acknowledge his need of a Saviour, a woman knows her need because it is an integral part of her own make-up1
Clinical gait analysis in a rehabilitation context: some controversial issues
Authors: Mulder Theo , Nienhuis Bart , Pauwels John 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To determine the focus of clinical gait analysis in order to explain the observed mismatch between the available technology for movement analysis and the aims of clinical rehabilitation medicine. Design: Literature search using two different interactive computerized search systems. Outcome measures: The selected studies on clinical gait analysis were screened on the type of tasks they employed in the assessment of gait. The tasks were divided into impairment-orientated and disability-orientated. Results: The results indicated a dominance of simple motor tasks focusing at the level of impairments. In only 15 out of the 96 reviewed articles were tasks used that were aimed at the level of disabilities. Conclusions: A gap exists between the conceptual frameworks used in clinical rehabilitation medicine and those used in clinical movement analysis.
Shape and Stress Control Analysis of Prestressed Truss Structures
Authors: Kawaguchi Ken-Ichi , Hangai Yasuhiko , Pellegrino Sergio , Furuya Hiroshi 
Published: July 2017

Space truss systems are light and effective structural systems and are used for various structural purposes, such as long span roof structures or space reflectors, etc. In some applications, notwithstanding their high redundancy, high accuracy is required in realization of their shape and predetermined distribution of prestress. In the paper, a simple analytical scheme for shape and stress control of general truss structures is presented. The scheme is based on the linear force method of analysis.