bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La participación de la audiencia en la televisión: de la audiencia activa a la social
Authors: Romero-Luis Juan 
Published: July 2017

La televisión tradicional sigue estando en casi todos los hogares de España. Es el medio que mejor ha soportado el empuje de las Redes Sociales. Sectores adheridos a este formato, como el publicitario, se resisten al cambio. Con su llegada se afrontan nuevos modos de medir las audiencias, nuevas formas de ver la televisión, y añaden la posibilidad de obtener feedback, en diferentes formatos, al esquema clásico de la comunicación de: emisor, mensaje, receptor.Este libro, La participación de la audiencia en la televisión: de la audiencia activa a la social, ha sido coordinado por Natalia Quintas Froufe y Ana González Neira y editado por AIMC, la Asociación para la Investigación de Medios de Comunicación. Reúne un conjunto de análisis y reflexiones de docentes de diferentes universidades españolas. Se compone de 8 artículos que repasan el pasado y presente del medio tradicional por excelencia. Además, entre líneas, se anticipa el futuro que le espera a la televisión y la relación que tendrá con su audiencia, que dejará de prestarle atención a una única pantalla mientras ve la televisión. El consumo de televisión por parte de las audiencias está cambiando y la presencia de los teléfonos móviles o smartphones parece ser uno de las causas más determinantes.
Status and Challenges of the National Service Training Program and Its Impact on Values Formation
Authors: Magbanua Jose 
Published: July 2017

National Service Training Program (NSTP) is a very significant factor in the values formation of students. The study determined the status and challenges of NSTP and its impact on students ' values formation. The respondents were 349 NSTP graduates from school year 2013-2014. A set of researcher-made survey questionnaire was used as tool in data gathering. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used a descriptive statistics and Man-Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis H Test at 0.05 alpha were employed as inferential statistics. All statistical computations were processed through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results showed that the status of NSTP implementation as perceived by students as a whole and when grouped as to sex and program component was "good"and when classified as to course, Fisheries rated "excellent". As to challenges of NSTP implementation, the Fisheries rated "serious" and when classified as to course, "very serious". The impact of NSTP on students ' values formation as a whole and classified as to variables was "high". No significance difference on the level of challenges was noted when variables were classified into sex and program component but a significant difference as to course. The good values of students at UA are greatly influenced by the program policies of NSTP training.
Energetics of eddy‐mean flow interactions in the Brazil current between 20°S and 36°S
Authors: Magalhães F. C. , Azevedo J. L. L. , Oliveira L. R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe energetics of eddy‐mean flow interactions in the Brazil Current (BC) between 20°S and 36°S are investigated in 19 transects perpendicular to the 200 m isobath. Ten years (2000–2009) of output data from the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) NCODA reanalysis, with a spatial resolution of 1/12.5° and 5 day averages, are used. The mean kinetic energy (MKE) and eddy kinetic energy (EKE) fields presented the same subsurface spatial pattern but with reduced values. The EKE increases southward, with high values along the BC path and the offshore portion of the jet. The values of the barotropic conversion term (BTC) are highest in the surface layers and decreased with depth, whereas the values of the baroclinic conversion term (BCC) and the vertical eddy heat flux (VEHF) are highest in the subsurface. Despite the vertical thickening of the BC, the highest energy conversion rates are confined to the upper 700 m of the water column. The energetic analysis showed that the current features mixed instability processes. The vertical weighted mean of the BTC and BCC presented an oscillatory pattern related to the bathymetry. The eddy field accelerates the time‐mean flow upstream and downstream of bathymetric features and drains energy from the time‐mean flow over the features. The BC is baroclinically unstable south of 28°S, and the highest energy conversion rates occur in Cabo de São Tomé, Cabo Frio, and the Cone do Rio Grande.
Impacts of pre‐existing ocean cyclonic circulation on sea surface chlorophyll‐a concentrations off northeastern Taiwan following episodic typhoon passages
Authors: Xu Fanghua , Yao Yuan , Oey Leo , Lin Yanluan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOff northeastern Taiwan, enhancement of sea surface chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) concentration is frequently found after typhoon passages. From 1998 to 2013, 46 typhoon events are analyzed to examine the variations in Chl‐a concentration from satellite ocean color data. On average, Chl‐a concentration increased by 38% after a typhoon passage. Noticeably, four remarkable Chl‐a increases after typhoons coincide with pre‐existing oceanic cyclones in the study area. The Chl‐a increase is significantly anticorrelated (p < 0.01) with relative SSH, defined as the difference of SSH in the study area and in the surrounding area. To assess the impact of pre‐existing cyclones on the upper ocean response to typhoons, we conduct a series of numerical experiments to simulate the oceanic response to Typhoon Kaemi (2006) with or without a pre‐existing oceanic cyclone, and with or without strong typhoon winds. The results show that the experiment with a pre‐existing oceanic cyclone produces the largest upwelling due to cyclone intensification, mainly induced by the positive wind stress curl dipole northeast of Taiwan.
Potential impacts of urban land expansion on Asian airborne pollutant outflows
Authors: Tao Wei , Liu Junfeng , Ban‐Weiss George A. , Zhang Lin , Zhang Jiachen , Yi Kan , Tao Shu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEastern part of China (EPC) has experienced rapid urbanization during the past few decades. Here we investigate the impacts of urban land expansion over EPC on the export of Asian pollutants to the western Pacific during January, April, July, and October of 2009 using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to Chemistry (WRF/Chem) and a single‐layer urban canopy scheme. Over urbanizing areas, increases in the urban land fraction result in a linearly enhanced uplift of surface primary pollutants to higher altitudes. We further examine how this local effect would change outflows of Asian pollutants to the western Pacific using the tagged black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) tracers emitted from EPC (denoted by BCt and COt, respectively). Overall, a 0.1 increase in the fraction of land area that is urban over EPC would linearly (R2 = 0.70–0.96) increase the mean tropospheric eastward export of BCt and COt across meridional planes (i.e., 135°E and 150°E) by 4–40% and 1–6% in different months, respectively. The relative perturbation in exporting efficiency generally maximizes during July while minimizes during April. The urbanization‐export relationship is largely driven by the elevation effect and is also impacted by urbanization‐forced changes in zonal winds. The spatial pattern of the response of BCt over the downwind Pacific differs from that of COt mainly due to aerosol‐cloud interactions. Our findings demonstrate that extensive urban land expansion could substantially impact climate and air quality from a local scale to a regional scale, especially for shorter‐lived air pollutants such as BC and other aerosols.
Multiscale evaluation of NCEP and CRUNCEP data sets at 90 large U.S. cities
Authors: Tang Diandong , Ma Chun , Wang Yihui , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe data sets of National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP I and II) and Climatic Research Unit ‐ NCEP (CRUNCEP) were evaluated by comparing against observational data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at monthly and annual scales, site, and regional scales. The evaluations were conducted for air temperature (maximum, mean, and minimum) and precipitation at the 90 largest cities across the United States. At annual scale, NCEP I, NCEP II, and CRUNCEP were slightly yet significantly underestimated for mean temperature (1%) and maximum temperatures (1%). The NCEP I was significantly underestimated for minimum temperature (1%) while overestimated for total precipitation (16%); the NCEP II was significantly underestimated for minimum temperature (2%) and total precipitation (2%); the CRUNCEP was significantly overestimated for minimum temperature (2%) and total precipitation (6%). At monthly scale, three data sets were underestimated for a majority of months in terms of monthly mean temperature, monthly maximum temperature, monthly minimum temperature, and monthly total precipitation except an overestimation of CRUNCEP on minimum temperature (48%) and monthly total precipitation (43%). At the seasonal scale, three data sets had smaller biases in summer season and larger biases in winter season for temperature, while larger biases in summer season and smaller biases in winter seasons for precipitation. Overall, the CRUNCEP data set had a slightly better performance than NCEP I and NCEP II data sets. This multiscale evaluation of the three most widely used regional climate data sets provides insightful information for atmospheric science studies, particularly urban heat impact investigation.
Relationship between cloud‐to‐ground lightning polarity and the space‐time distribution of solid hydrometeors in isolated summer thunderclouds observed by X‐band polarimetric radar
Authors: Kouketsu T. , Uyeda H. , Ohigashi T. , Tsuboki K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo understand the charge distribution in thunderclouds associated with solid hydrometeors, the relationship between cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning polarity and the space‐time distribution of solid hydrometeors for isolated summer thunderclouds in Japan is examined using X‐band polarimetric radar. Hydrometeor classification was conducted to examine the space‐time distribution of dry snow, ice crystal, dry graupel (DG), and wet graupel in thunderclouds. Two thunderstorm cases were selected for analysis: 26 July 2010, which generated few positive CG flashes, and 25 August 2010, which generated positive CG flashes in the reflectivity cores. In both cases, negative CG flashes were observed in all reflectivity cores when a large volume of DG was identified above the height of −10°C level. This is consistent with previous studies showing that graupel particles have a negative charge below temperatures of −10°C. Reflectivity cores with positive CG flashes had a large volume of DG up to high altitudes (around or above the −45°C level). Further, reflectivity cores that sustained large DG volumes at high altitudes had a relatively large number of positive CG flashes. The top height of the DG volume reached lower altitudes for reflectivity cores without positive CG flashes compared with those with positive CG flashes. These results suggest that the persistence of graupel particles in reflectivity cores at high altitudes, implying the existence of strong updraft, is a necessary condition for positive CG flashes in summer thunderclouds. This effect would likely be caused by the positively charged graupel particles under high rime accretion rates.
The diurnal cycle of clouds and precipitation at the ARM SGP site: Cloud radar observations and simulations from the multiscale modeling framework
Authors: Zhao Wei , Marchand Roger , Fu Qiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMillimeter Wavelength Cloud Radar (MMCR) data from December 1996 to December 2010, collected at the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program Southern Great Plains (SGP) site, are used to examine the diurnal cycle of hydrometeor occurrence. These data are categorized into clouds (−40 dBZe ≤ reflectivity < −10 dBZe), drizzle and light precipitation (−10 dBZe ≤ reflectivity < 10 dBZe), and heavy precipitation (reflectivity ≥ 10 dBZe). The same criteria are implemented for the observation‐equivalent reflectivity calculated by feeding outputs from a Multiscale Modeling Framework (MMF) climate model into a radar simulator. The MMF model consists of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model with conventional cloud parameterizations replaced by a cloud‐resolving model. We find that a radar simulator combined with the simple reflectivity categories can be an effective approach for evaluating diurnal variations in model hydrometeor occurrence. It is shown that the MMF only marginally captures observed increases in the occurrence of boundary layer clouds after sunrise in spring and autumn and does not capture diurnal changes in boundary layer clouds during the summer. Above the boundary layer, the MMF captures reasonably well diurnal variations in the vertical structure of clouds and light and heavy precipitation in the summer but not in the spring.
Evaluating the patterns of spatiotemporal trends of root zone soil moisture in major climate regions in East Asia
Authors: Zohaib Muhammad , Kim Hyunglok , Choi Minha 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRoot zone soil moisture (RZSM) is a crucial variable in land‐atmosphere interactions. Evaluating the spatiotemporal trends and variability patterns of RZSM are essential for discerning the anthropogenic and climate change effects on the regional and global hydrological cycles. In this study, the trends of RZSM, computed by the exponential filter from the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative soil moisture, were evaluated in major climate regions of East Asia from 1982 to 2014. Moreover, the trends of RZSM were compared to the trends of precipitation (P), skin temperature (Tskin), and actual evapotranspiration (AET) to investigate how they influence the RZSM trends in each climate region. Drying trends were predominant in arid and continental regions, whereas wetting trends were found in the tropical and temperate regions. The increasing trends of Tskin and AET cause drying in arid and continental regions, whereas in tropical regions, these cause wetting trends, which might be due to convective P. In temperate regions, despite decreasing P and increasing Tskin, the RZSM trend was increasing, attributed to the intensive irrigation activities in these regions. This is probably the first time to analyze the long‐term trends of RZSM in different climate regions. Hence, the results of this study will improve our understanding of the regional and global hydrological cycles. Despite certain limitations, the results of this study may be useful for improving and developing climate models and predicting long‐term vast scale natural disasters such as drought, dust outbreaks, floods, and heat waves.
Seismic constraints on magma evolution beneath Mount Baekdu (Changbai) volcano from transdimensional Bayesian inversion of ambient noise data
Authors: Kim Seongryong , Tkalčić Hrvoje , Rhie Junkee 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe magmatic process of continental intraplate volcanism (CIV) is difficult to understand due to heterogeneous interactions with the crust and the lithospheric upper mantle. Mount Baekdu (Changbai) volcano (MBV) is one of the prominent CIVs in northeast Asia that has shown a complex history of eruptions and associated magmatic structures. In addition, the relationship between the crustal magmatic structures and upper mantle phenomena are enigmatic due to the lack of consistent seismic constraints for the lithospheric structure. To enhance comprehensive understanding of the MBV magma evolution, we image the lithospheric structure beneath the MBV and surrounding regions using ambient noise data and the following two approaches: (1) multiple measures of ambient noise dispersion are acquired through different methods and (2) a transdimensional Bayesian inversion method is utilized to obtain unbiased results in joint analysis of the multiple data sets. The estimated Earth structure shows a thick crust (~40 km) and a crustal anomaly with relatively high S wave velocity in the depth range 20–40 km. This type of structure extends to ~100 km north from the MBV and is accompanied by the shallow and rapid S wave velocity decrease beneath the mantle lid (~80 km). Through a comparison with previous P wave models, we interpret this structure as a consequence of compositional partitioning by mafic underplating and overlying cooled felsic layers as a result of fractional crystalization.
Dense shelf water spreading from Antarctic coastal polynyas to the deep Southern Ocean: A regional circumpolar model study
Authors: Kusahara Kazuya , Williams Guy D. , Tamura Takeshi , Massom Robert , Hasumi Hiroyasu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe spreading of dense shelf water (DSW) from Antarctic coastal margins to lower latitudes plays a vital role in the ocean thermohaline circulation and the global climate system. Through enhanced localized sea ice production in Antarctic coastal polynyas, cold and saline DSW is formed over the continental shelf regions as a precursor to Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). However, the detailed fate of coastal DSW over the Southern Ocean is still unclear. Here we conduct extensive passive tracer experiments using a circumpolar ocean‐sea ice‐ice shelf model to investigate pathways of the regional polynya‐based DSW from the Antarctic margins to the deep Southern Ocean basins. In the numerical experiments, the Antarctic coastal margin is divided into nine regions, and a passive tracer is released from each region at the same rate as the local sea ice production. The modeled spatial distribution of the total concentration of the nine tracers is consistent with the observed AABW distribution and clearly demonstrates nine routes of the DSW over the Southern Ocean along its bottom topography. Furthermore, the model shows that while ∼50% of the total tracer is distributed northward from the continental shelf to the deep ocean, ∼7% is transported poleward beneath ice shelf cavities. The comprehensive tracer experiments allow us to estimate the contribution of local DSW to the total concentration along each of the pathways.
An assessment of thin cloud detection by applying bidirectional reflectance distribution function model‐based background surface reflectance using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI): A case study for South Korea
Authors: Kim Hye‐Won , Yeom Jong‐Min , Shin Daegeun , Choi Sungwon , Han Kyung‐Soo , Roujean Jean‐Louis 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, a new assessment of thin cloud detection with the application of bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model‐based background surface reflectance was undertaken by interpreting surface spectra characterized using the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) over a land surface area. Unlike cloud detection over the ocean, the detection of cloud over land surfaces is difficult due to the complicated surface scattering characteristics, which vary among land surface types. Furthermore, in the case of thin clouds, in which the surface and cloud radiation are mixed, it is difficult to detect the clouds in both land and atmospheric fields. Therefore, to interpret background surface reflectance, especially underneath cloud, the semiempirical BRDF model was used to simulate surface reflectance by reflecting solar angle‐dependent geostationary sensor geometry. For quantitative validation, Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) data were used to make a comparison with the proposed cloud masking result. As a result, the new cloud masking scheme resulted in a high probability of detection (POD = 0.82) compared with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (POD = 0.808) for all cloud cases. In particular, the agreement between the CALIPSO cloud product and new GOCI cloud mask was over 94% when detecting thin cloud (e.g., altostratus and cirrus) from January 2014 to June 2015. This result is relatively high in comparison with the result from the MODIS Collection 6 cloud mask product (MYD35).
Chitosan phthalate: A novel polymer for the multiparticulate drug delivery system for diclofenac sodium
Authors: Karuna Dasari Subramaniyam , Rathnam Grace , Ubaidulla Udhumansha , Ganesh Mani , Jang Hyun Tae 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the preparation of colon specific drug delivery of diclofenac sodium (DS) using maltiparticulate system with chitosan phthalate (CP). Technique adopted to prepare sphere shaped multiparticulate system was extrusion and spheronization. The prepared pellets resulted with good spherical geometry with 1.1 ± 0.20 mm diameter. DS loaded system shows a maximum delivery pH of 7.4 and the same depressed at pH 1.2. The developed system significantly (p < .05) increase in the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of DS pellets when compared to that of pure DS. As expected the novel formulation showed a significant increase in oral bioavailability of DS for about three times. Additionally, the CP pellets of DS showed a momentous improvement in anti‐inflammatory activity and reduced/ inhibited ulcer index.
Body size of young adult Polish college‐age women born before, during, and after WWII
Authors: Liczbińska Grażyna , Czapla Zbigniew , Malina Robert M. , Piontek Janusz 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the young adult body size of Polish female university students born before, during, and after WWII.MethodsAge, height, and weight of 492 students measured between 1956 and 1972 were accessed from the Department of Anthropology archives (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań). The sample was divided into three birth year cohorts relative to WWII: before (n = 120), during (n = 196), and after (n = 176). Birth years spanned 1935 through 1952. BMI was calculated. Body size among birth cohorts was compared with age of the student and education level of the father as covariates (ANCOVA).ResultsThe birth cohorts differed significantly in height (P < .01), but not in weight and BMI. Women born during WWII were shorter than women born before and after the war; heights of latter cohorts did not differ. The trend for weight was similar, but differences were not significant. Birth cohorts did not differ in BMI.ConclusionsYoung adult heights of women born during WWII were shorter than the heights of women born before and immediately after the war, although differences were relatively small.
Coaxial Triple‐Layered versus Helical Be6B11− Clusters: Dual Structural Fluxionality and Multifold Aromaticity
Authors: Guo Jin‐Chang , Feng Lin‐Yan , Wang Ying‐Jin , Jalife Said , Vásquez‐Espinal Alejandro , Cabellos José Luis , Pan Sudip , Merino Gabriel , Zhai Hua‐Jin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTwo low‐lying structures are unveiled for the Be6B11− nanocluster system that are virtually isoenergetic. The first, triple‐layered cluster has a peripheral B11 ring as central layer, being sandwiched by two Be3 rings in a coaxial fashion, albeit with no discernible interlayer Be−Be bonding. The B11 ring revolves like a flexible chain even at room temperature, gliding freely around the Be6 prism. At elevated temperatures (1000 K), the Be6 core itself also rotates; that is, two Be3 rings undergo relative rotation or twisting with respect to each other. Bonding analyses suggest four‐fold (π and σ) aromaticity, offering a dilute and fluxional electron cloud that lubricates the dynamics. The second, helix‐type cluster contains a B11 helical skeleton encompassing a distorted Be6 prism. It is chiral and is the first nanosystem with a boron helix. Molecular dynamics also shows that at high temperature the helix cluster readily converts into the triple‐layered one.