bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive power compensation applications of matrix converter: a systemic review
Authors: Ishaq Muhammad , Ullah Kifayat , Abbass Muhammad Jamshed , Awais Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Matrix converters are bi-directional power electronic devices consisting of an array of solid-state switches directly connecting a source and load without an intermediate DC link. Historically, matrix converters have seen limited industrial adoption due to the complexity of their control mechanisms. However, in recent decades, matrix converter-based systems have emerged as viable alternatives for reactive power management because of the development of reliable and straightforward commutation methods. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of matrix converter control strategies for reactive power compensation. Initially, an overview of matrix converter technology is provided. Then, Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, renewable energy integration systems, and electric drives adopted in the last decade for reactive power compensation are discussed. The various ways these topologies have been employed for reactive power management are investigated, and an overview of direct and indirect matrix converter topologies is given. The application of control techniques such as model predictive control, space vector modulation, direct torque control, and others for reactive power compensation is then explored and their performance compared. Finally, directions for future research are identified. The analysis shows that matrix converter technology and control mechanisms have advanced substantially, demonstrating promise for wider industrial reactive power compensation applications. The continued development of cutting-edge matrix converter topologies and increasingly sophisticated control strategies will further broaden their reactive power compensation potential.
Enhancing thermal management systems: a machine learning and metaheuristic approach for predicting thermophysical properties of nanofluids
Authors: Saha Aritra , Basu Ankan , Banerjee Sumanta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In thermal engineering, predicting nanofluid thermophysical properties is essential for efficient cooling systems and improved heat transfer. Traditional methods often fall short in handling complex datasets. This study leverages machine learning (ML) and metaheuristic algorithms to predict key nanofluid properties, such as specific heat capacity (SHC), thermal conductivity (TC), and viscosity. By utilizing Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Linear Regression (LR), alongside metaheuristic models like Differential Evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), we achieve superior prediction accuracy compared to traditional models. The integration of these computational techniques with empirical data demonstrates their effectiveness in capturing the complex dynamics of thermofluids. Our results validate the precision of ML and metaheuristic models in predicting nanofluid properties and underscore their potential as robust tools for researchers and practitioners in thermal engineering. This work paves the way for future exploration of ML algorithms in thermal management, marking a significant advancement in optimizing nanofluid applications in industry and research.
Advanced optimization of elastic sheets for solar parabolic trough concentrators: integrating particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms
Authors: Guo Pengzhen , Xia Zhou , Li Heng , Zhang Yanlong , Wu Hongyu , Li Lifang , Liu Rongqiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The fabrication of solar parabolic trough concentrators using flat elastic sheets presents a straightforward and cost-effective method. This paper introduces an optimization technique centered on stiffness adjustment, harnessing elastic buckling to attain precise parabolic shapes in these concentrators. Through an enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization-Genetic Algorithm (PSO-GA), strategically punched holes are optimized on the flat sheet, allowing for the attainment of perfect parabolic shapes by controlling the chord length with a positional rod or cable. The efficacy of this approach is showcased not only through interactive finite element analysis and ray tracing software simulations but also via experimental sunlight concentration. A geometric concentration ratio of up to 145.16 is achieved, underscoring the effectiveness of this innovative concept. This approach facilitates the simple fabrication and transportation of flat mirror elements to field sites, where they can be assembled into parabolic trough concentrators, offering potential cost reductions and highly efficient solar energy solutions.
Advancing high-volume GaN manufacturing: precision simulation of electrical and geometrical deviations through current spreading
Authors: Ahmad Fajri Faris Azim , Kopp Fabian , Ahmad Noorden Ahmad Fakhrurrazi , Gomez-Iglesias Alvaro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Manufacturing process deviations pose significant challenges in GaN manufacturing especially when modern technologies demand extreme chip densities. More than a thousand of each of three distinct GaN-based flip-chips were manufactured where the standard deviations of the measured voltages ranged from 13 to 23 mV. By integrating Monte Carlo and finite element methods in the simulations which relies on the theoretical models, the results were validated by comparing the voltage measurements of the three thousand manufactured chips. Validation was even successful considering the voltage deviations of the three distinct designs equivalently, i.e., affected each wafer’s geometrical and electrical properties. In addition, comparing the three designs, Chip A emerged as the optimal choice for low current resistivity. Looking ahead, our theoretical modeling and simulation hold promise for high-accuracy predictions in high-volume GaN-based chip manufacturing, enhancing reliability and performance.
Extreme time extrapolation capabilities and thermodynamic consistency of physics-inspired neural networks for the 3D microstructure evolution of materials via Cahn–Hilliard flow
Authors: Lanzoni Daniele , Fantasia Andrea , Bergamaschini Roberto , Pierre-Louis Olivier , Montalenti Francesco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) is trained to reproduce the evolution of the spinodal decomposition process in three dimensions as described by the Cahn–Hilliard equation. A specialized, physics-inspired architecture is proven to provide close accordance between the predicted evolutions and the ground truth ones obtained via conventional integration schemes. The method can accurately reproduce the evolution of microstructures not represented in the training set at a fraction of the computational costs. Extremely long-time extrapolation capabilities are achieved, up to reaching the theoretically expected equilibrium state of the system, consisting of a layered, phase-separated morphology, despite the training set containing only relatively-short, initial phases of the evolution. Quantitative accordance with the decay rate of the free energy is also demonstrated up to the late coarsening stages, proving that this class of machine learning approaches can become a new and powerful tool for the long timescale and high throughput simulation of materials, while retaining thermodynamic consistency and high-accuracy.
FAP20 is required for flagellum assembly in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Shimogawa Michelle M. , Jonnalagadda Keya , Hill Kent L. 
Published: October 2024

Trypanosoma brucei is a human and animal pathogen that depends on flagellar motility for transmission and infection. The trypanosome flagellum is built around a canonical “9+2” axoneme, containing nine doublet microtubules (DMTs) surrounding two singlet microtubules. Each DMT contains a 13-protofilament A-tubule and a 10-protofilament B-tubule, connected to the A-tubule by a conserved, non-tubulin inner junction (IJ) filament made up of alternating PACRG and FAP20 subunits. Here we investigate FAP20 in procyclic form T. brucei. A FAP20-NeonGreen fusion protein localized to the axoneme as expected. Surprisingly, FAP20 knockdown led to a catastrophic failure in flagellum assembly and concomitant lethality. This differs from other organisms, where FAP20 is required for normal flagellum motility, but generally dispensable for flagellum assembly and viability. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrates failed flagellum assembly in FAP20 mutants is associated with a range of DMT defects and defective assembly of the paraflagellar rod, a lineage-specific flagellum filament that attaches to DMT 4-7 in trypanosomes. Our studies reveal a lineage-specific requirement for FAP20 in trypanosomes, offering insight into adaptations for flagellum stability and motility in these parasites and highlighting pathogen versus host differences that might be considered for therapeutic intervention in trypanosome diseases.
Risk Factors Associated With Exaggerated Blood Pressure Response at the Time of Exercise Treadmill Stress Test
Authors: Katsi Vasiliki , Ioakeimidis Nikolaos , Dimitroglou Yannis , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Tsioufis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Exaggerated blood pressure response (EBPR) to exercise stress testing (EST) may be a marker of future hypertension and carry valuable information for the prediction of cardiovascular events. We sought to evaluate the clinical and resting EST parameters associated with an increased likelihood of EBPR.

METHODS
The records of 14,073 patients (mean age: 55 ± 11 years) without known cardiovascular disease who underwent a treadmill EST were analyzed.

RESULTS
The overall prevalence of arterial hypertension was 44%. A considerable proportion (24%) of patients exhibited EBPR. Multivariate analysis of the entire study population showed that middle-aged individuals (40–60 years old), resting systolic BP &gt; 130 mmHg and/or diastolic BP &gt; 80 mmHg, known arterial hypertension, current cigarette smoking, and family history of premature coronary artery disease are all independent risk factors for EBPR (all P &lt; 0.001). Although the presence of arterial hypertension increased the likelihood of EBPR in the analysis of the entire population, the relevant association in subjects above 60 years old is statistically nonsignificant (P = 0.120). Notably, the pre-test systolic BP &gt; 130 mmHg and/or diastolic BP &gt; 80 mmHg level increased significantly the likelihood of manifesting EBPR in all age categories (&lt;40, 40–60, and &gt;60 years old) independent of hypertension presence and in all hypertensive patients independently of antihypertensive treatment intake (all P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Considering the diagnostic and prognostic utility of EBPR during treadmill EST the clinical and resting hemodynamic parameters that increase the likelihood of EBPR are targets for interventions and preventive measures to modify lifestyle risk behaviors and reduce hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in the early stages.
Increased beta synchronization underlies perception-action hyperbinding in functional movement disorders
Authors: Pastötter Bernhard , Weissbach Anne , Takacs Adam , Moyé Josephine , Verrel Julius , Chwolka Fabian , Friedrich Julia , Paulus Theresa , Zittel Simone , Bäumer Tobias , Frings Christian , Beste Christian , Münchau Alexander 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Functional movement disorders are amongst the most common and disabling neurological conditions, placing a significant burden on the healthcare system. Despite the frequency and importance of functional movement disorders, our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology is limited, hindering the development of causal treatment options. Traditionally, functional movement disorders were considered as a psychiatric condition, associated with involuntary movements triggered by psychological stressors. Recent neurophysiological studies have unveiled cognitive alterations in affected individuals, suggesting that functional movement disorders might be better characterized by overarching neural principles governing cognitive functions. For instance, recent research has shown that the retrieval of stimulus-response bindings is altered in patients with functional movement disorders. Building upon these recent findings, our study delves into whether the initial integration of stimulus and response information is also disrupted in patients with functional movement disorders. To accomplish this, we reanalysed previously collected EEG data using refined analysis methods that provide insights into oscillatory activity and functional neuroanatomy associated with the integration of stimulus-response bindings. Our results demonstrate that post-movement beta synchronization (i) predicts behavioural stimulus-response binding and (ii) is significantly increased in patients with functional movement disorders compared to healthy controls. Utilizing beamformer analysis, we localized the difference effect to a cluster centred around the left supplementary motor area and the correlation effect to the right supplementary motor area. Extending beyond recent research that focused on the retrieval of stimulus-response bindings, our present findings reveal that the integration of stimulus and response information is already impaired in patients with functional movement disorders. These results uncover a phenomenon of hyperbinding between perception and action, which may represent a fundamental mechanism contributing to the movement impairments in patients with functional movement disorders.
Diagnostic performance of quantitative perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with prior coronary artery disease
Authors: Hoek Roel , Borodzicz-Jazdzyk Sonia , van Diemen Pepijn A , Somsen Yvemarie B O , de Winter Ruben W , Jukema Ruurt A , Twisk Jos W R , Raijmakers Pieter G , Knuuti Juhani , Maaniitty Teemu , Underwood S Richard , Nagel Eike , Robbers Lourens F H J , Demirkiran Ahmet , von Bartheld Martin B , Driessen Roel S , Danad Ibrahim , Götte Marco J W , Knaapen Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
The diagnostic performance of quantitative perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance (QP-CMR) imaging has scarcely been evaluated in patients with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and new onset chest pain. The present study compared the diagnostic performance of automated QP-CMR for the detection of fractional flow reserve (FFR) defined hemodynamically significant CAD with visual assessment of first-pass stress perfusion CMR (v-CMR) and quantitative [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in a true head-to-head fashion in patients with prior CAD.

Methods and results
This PACIFIC-2 substudy included 145 symptomatic chronic coronary symptom patients with prior myocardial infarction and/or percutaneous coronary intervention. All patients underwent dual-sequence, single-bolus perfusion CMR, and [15O]H2O PET perfusion imaging followed by invasive coronary angiography with three-vessel FFR. Hemodynamically significant CAD was defined as an FFR ≤ 0.80. QP-CMR, v-CMR, and PET exhibited a sensitivity of 66, 67, and 80%, respectively, whereas specificity was 60, 62, and 63%. Sensitivity of QP-CMR was lower than that of PET (P = 0.015), whereas the specificity of QP-CMR and PET was comparable. Diagnostic accuracy and area under the curve of QP-CMR (64% and 0.66) was comparable to both v-CMR [66% (P = not significant [NS]) and 0.67 (P = NS)] and PET [74% (P = NS) and 0.78 (P = NS)].

Conclusion
In patients with prior myocardial infarction and/or percutaneous coronary intervention, the diagnostic performance of QP-CMR was comparable to visual assessment of first-pass stress perfusion CMR and quantitative [15O]H2O PET for the detection of hemodynamically significant CAD as defined by FFR.
A classic key innovation constrains oral jaw functional diversification in fishes
Authors: Roberts-Hugghis Alexus S , Martinez Christopher M , Corn Katherine A , Wainwright Peter C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Modifications to the pharyngeal jaws—a prey processing system located posterior to the mouth cavity—are widely considered a key innovation that enhanced diversification within several prominent fish clades. Seen in cichlids, damselfishes, wrasses, and a few other lineages, these musculoskeletal alterations are believed to increase the evolutionary independence and, thus, the diversification of the oral and pharyngeal jaw systems. To test this classic hypothesis, we conducted comparative phylogenetic analyses to assess the effect of the pharyngeal novelty on the diversification of feeding morphology and kinematics across a taxonomically diverse sample of spiny-rayed fishes. We quantified movements of the oral jaws and other craniofacial structures from 689 suction-feeding strikes using high-speed videos collected from 228 species with and without the pharyngeal jaw novelty. Contradicting long-held predictions, we find significantly greater disparity across all traits and faster rates of oral jaw functional evolution in fishes without the specialized prey processing system. The modified pharyngeal jaw is undoubtedly a functional innovation as it enhances the strength of the prey processing system, facilitating exceptional transition rates to feeding on hard and tough prey. However, it also restricts the diversification of the feeding system, revealing that the impact of pharyngognathy is more nuanced than previously thought. In light of these and other recent findings, a reinterpretation of the macroevolutionary consequences of the pharyngeal jaw novelty is needed.
Sequence-Based Machine Learning Reveals 3D Genome Differences between Bonobos and Chimpanzees
Authors: Brand Colin M , Kuang Shuzhen , Gilbertson Erin N , McArthur Evonne , Pollard Katherine S , Webster Timothy H , Capra John A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The 3D structure of the genome is an important mediator of gene expression. As phenotypic divergence is largely driven by gene regulatory variation, comparing genome 3D contacts across species can further understanding of the molecular basis of species differences. However, while experimental data on genome 3D contacts in humans are increasingly abundant, only a handful of 3D genome contact maps exist for other species. Here, we demonstrate that human experimental data can be used to close this data gap. We apply a machine learning model that predicts 3D genome contacts from DNA sequence to the genomes from 56 bonobos and chimpanzees and identify species-specific patterns of genome folding. We estimated 3D divergence between individuals from the resulting contact maps in 4,420 1 Mb genomic windows, of which ∼17% were substantially divergent in predicted genome contacts. Bonobos and chimpanzees diverged at 89 windows, overlapping genes associated with multiple traits implicated in Pan phenotypic divergence. We discovered 51 bonobo-specific variants that individually produce the observed bonobo contact pattern in bonobo–chimpanzee divergent windows. Our results demonstrate that machine learning methods can leverage human data to fill in data gaps across species, offering the first look at population-level 3D genome variation in nonhuman primates. We also identify loci where changes in 3D folding may contribute to phenotypic differences in our closest living relatives.
Location of polyadenylation sites within 3′ untranslated regions is linked to biological function in yeast
Authors: Geisberg Joseph V , Moqtaderi Zarmik , Struhl Kevin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Expression of a typical yeast gene results in ∼50 3′ mRNA isoforms that are distinguished by the locations of poly(A) sites within the 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs). The location of poly(A) sites with respect to the translational termination codon varies considerably among genes, but whether this has any functional significance is poorly understood. Using hierarchical clustering of 3′ UTRs, we identify 8 classes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes based on their poly(A) site locations. Genes involved in related biological functions (GO categories) are uniquely overrepresented in 6 of these classes. Similar analysis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe genes reveals 3 classes of 3′ UTRs, all of which show overrepresentation of functionally related genes. Remarkably, Sa. cerevisiae and Sc. pombe homologs share related patterns of poly(A) site locations. These observations suggest that the location of poly(A) sites within 3′ UTRs has biological significance.
Hemagglutination-Inhibition Antibodies and Protection against Influenza Elicited by Inactivated and Live Attenuated Vaccines in Children
Authors: Yegorov Sergey , Brewer Angela , Cyr Louis , Ward Brian J , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Miller Matthew S , Loeb Mark 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Hemagglutinin (HA)-inhibiting antibodies contribute to the immune defense against influenza infection. However, there are insufficient data on the extent of correlation between vaccine-elicited HA antibodies and protection in children against different influenza strains, particularly when comparing live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) versus inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV).

Methods
We measured postvaccination hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) titers in 3–15-year-old participants of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of trivalent LAIV(3) versus IIV(3) in Canadian Hutterite colonies. We assessed HAI titers as predictors of symptomatic, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed influenza over 3 influenza seasons using Cox proportional hazards regression models with vaccine type as a covariate.

Results
For each log2 unit increase in postvaccination HAI against A/H1N1 in 2013–2014, A/H3N2 2014–2015, and B/Yamagata in 2013–2014 (each the predominant circulating strain for the respective influenza season), the reduction in the risk of confirmed influenza was equal to 29.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.1%–39.5%), 34.8% (95% CI, 17.2%–47.9%), and 31.8% (95% CI, 23.8%–38.5%), respectively. No reduction in the risk of influenza was observed with B/Yamagata-specific HAI titers in 2012–2013, which was dominated by a mixture of Yamagata and Victoria strains. Despite the overall lower HAI titers in the LAIV3 group, both H1N1 and H3N2 HAI titers were associated with protection against subtype matched influenza.

Conclusions
Both LAIV3- and IIV3-elicited HA antibodies are associated with protection against influenza infection in seasons when the vaccine strains match the circulating influenza strain subtypes, supporting the use of HAI as a correlate of protection for both vaccine types in children.