bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing powder bed fusion-laser beam technology: in-situ layerwise thermal monitoring solutions for thin-wall fabrication
Authors: Errico Vito , Palano Fania , Campanelli Sabina Luisa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) technologies, particularly powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB/M), offer unique capabilities in producing intricate components directly, leading to streamlined processes, cost reductions, and time savings. However, inherent challenges in AM processes necessitate advanced monitoring systems for fault detection and quality assurance. This study focuses on the development and application of in-situ, layer-by-layer thermal monitoring solutions to detect defects such as localized overheating and inadequate fusion in thin-walled components produced by PBF-LB/M. An optimal setup using an off-axis IR thermal camera was devised to monitor the entire slice during processing. Thermographic data, analyzed using MATLAB, identified thermal parameters indicative of process efficiency and print quality. Micro-tomographic scans on finished products correlated defects with thermographic data. Results showed influences of sample thickness on maximum temperatures, effects of powder bed thickness on process temperatures, and identified geometric distortions in inclined walls due to high thermal stress. Three-dimensional thermograms enabled comprehensive temperature distribution analysis, crucial for quality control and defect detection during construction. Insights from this study advance thermographic analysis for PBF-LB/M processes, providing a foundational framework for future additive manufacturing monitoring and quality control enhancements.
Nuclear safeguards during crises: three scenarios of restricted access to nuclear interim storage facilities
Authors: Bandarra Leonardo , Böschen Stefan , Dürholt Andreas , Geiser René , Göttsche Malte , Kretzschmar Sophie , Niemeyer Irmgard , Ostermann Linda , Rademacher Lukas , Schäfer Julian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSafeguards by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) play a pivotal role in preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Over the years, the IAEA’s safeguards system has adapted to technological advancements and changing political landscapes, making it more resilient and flexible. This adaption is not only the result of programmes aiming at preparing and foreseeing future challenges in the nuclear field but also the result of several crises that have occurred over the last decades, including attempts to break non-proliferation commitments and limited access to facilities. The aim of this article is to explore what could be done in an event of unavoidable crises, with a focus on interim nuclear storage facilities where the continuity of knowledge is broken, and a quick and relatively reliable response is needed. We conducted a scenario-based workshop with multidisciplinary experts with different backgrounds working in the area of peace and conflict research. The workshop simulated three scenarios: (1) a terrorist occupation, (2) a flood, and (3) a mismatch of information following a coup d’état. This workshop revealed insights into crisis management strategies, data sampling, and the relevance of formal and informal interpersonal networks.
An organic zinc-chelating-peptide GQ-Zn supplementation ameliorates diarrhea through regulate gut microbiota and metabolites in pre-weaning Holstein calves
Authors: Yang Linhai , Wei Zihai , Su Yanjing , Wang Xianghuang , Du Yufeng , Farooq Muhammad Zahid , Li Jianxiong , Xu Qingbiao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Newborn calf diarrhea has led to widespread overuse of antibiotics. Therefore, it is crucial to find effective solutions for calf diarrhea. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of the synthetic organic zinc-chelating-peptide glycine-glutamine-Zn (GQ-Zn) on the microbiota and metabolites in the gut of calves with diarrhea. The results showed that GQ-Zn alleviated diarrhea in calves. Additionally, 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomic analysis revealed that GQ-Zn improved antioxidant capacity, relieved inflammation, altered the gut microbiota by decreasing the number of harmful bacteria Prevotella denticola, Fusobacterium necrophorum and influenced metabolomic profiles via the linoleic acid metabolic pathway in calves. In conclusion, GQ-Zn supplementation alleviated diarrhea through regulating the gut microbiota and metabolites in pre-weaning Holstein calves.
Facial finetuning: using pretrained image classification models to predict politicians’ success
Authors: Lindholm Asbjørn , Hjorth Christian , Schuessler Julian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There is a long-standing interest in how the visual appearance of politicians predicts their success. Usually, the scope of such studies is limited by the need for human-rated facial features. We instead fine-tune pre-trained image classification models based on convolutional neural networks to predict facial features of 7,080 Danish politicians. Attractiveness and trustworthiness scores correlate positively and robustly with both ballot paper placement (proxying for intra-party success) and the number of votes gained in local and national elections, while dominance scores correlate inconsistently. Effect sizes are at times substantial. We find no moderation by politician gender or election type. However, dominance scores correlate significantly with outcomes for conservative politicians. We discuss possible causal mechanisms behind our results.
Identification of latent classes in mood and anxiety disorders and their transitions over time: a follow-up study in the adult general population
Authors: ten Have Margreet , Tuithof Marlous , van Dorsselaer Saskia , Batelaan Neeltje M. , Penninx Brenda W.J.H. , Luik Annemarie I. , Vermunt Jeroen K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMood and anxiety disorders are heterogeneous conditions with variable course. Knowledge on latent classes and transitions between these classes over time based on longitudinal disorder status information provides insight into clustering of meaningful groups with different disease prognosis.MethodsData of all four waves of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 were used, a representative population-based study of adults (mean duration between two successive waves = 3 years; N at T0 = 6646; T1 = 5303; T2 = 4618; T3 = 4007; this results in a total number of data points: 20 574). Presence of eight mood and anxiety DSM-IV disorders was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Latent class analysis and latent Markov modelling were used.ResultsThe best fitting model identified four classes: a healthy class (prevalence: 94.1%), depressed-worried class (3.6%; moderate-to-high proportions of mood disorders and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)), fear class (1.8%; moderate-to-high proportions of panic and phobia disorders) and high comorbidity class (0.6%). In longitudinal analyses over a three-year period, the minority of those in the depressed-worried and high comorbidity class persisted in their class over time (36.5% and 38.4%, respectively), whereas the majority in the fear class did (67.3%). Suggestive of recovery is switching to the healthy class, this was 39.7% in the depressed-worried class, 12.5% in the fear class and 7.0% in the high comorbidity class.ConclusionsPeople with panic or phobia disorders have a considerably more persistent and chronic disease course than those with depressive disorders including GAD. Consequently, they could especially benefit from longer-term monitoring and disease management.
The association between preserved ratio impaired spirometry and adverse outcomes of depression and anxiety: evidence from the UK Biobank
Authors: Yang Kai , Wang Lingwei , Shen Jun , Chen Shuyu , Liu Yuanyuan , Chen Rongchang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPreserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is a new lung function impairment phenotype and has been recognized as a risk factor for various adverse outcomes. We aimed to examine the associations of this new lung function impairment phenotype with depression and anxiety in longitudinal studies.MethodsWe included 369 597 participants from the UK Biobank cohort, and divided them into population 1 without depression or anxiety and population 2 with depression or anxiety at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were performed to evaluate the associations of lung function impairment phenotype with adverse outcomes of depression and anxiety, as well as their subtypes.ResultsAt baseline, 38 879 (10.5%) participants were diagnosed with PRISm. In population 1, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for PRISm (v. normal spirometry) were 1.12 (95% CI 1.07–1.18) for incident depression, and 1.11 (95% CI 1.06–1.15) for incident anxiety, respectively. In population 2, PRISm was a risk factor for mortality in participants with depression (HR: 1.46; 95% CI 1.31–1.62) and anxiety (HR: 1.70; 95% CI 1.44–2.02), compared with normal spirometry. The magnitudes of these associations were similar in the phenotypes of lung function impairment and the subtypes of mental disorders. Trajectory analysis showed that the transition from normal spirometry to PRISm was associated with a higher risk of mortality in participants with depression and anxiety.ConclusionsPRISm and airflow obstruction have similar risks of depression and anxiety. PRISm recognition may contribute to the prevention of depression and anxiety.
The Apostolic Value of the Contemplative Life
Authors: Frances S. M. 
Published: September 2024

The contemplative life is of its nature a hidden life. It is often a reproach levelled at contemplatives that they separate themselves, not only materially, but also spiritually from the life of those living in the world. That the world of sin which the contemplative has quitted and that of grace where he intends to live, are opposed one to the other, is a fact. But that this includes an opposition between those who abide in the love of God either in the world or in the enclosure is not true.The soul of the contemplative becomes the rendezvous of humanity and God, for she belongs to both. As he prays silently or chants the Divine Office his prayer and praise are the voice of the-world. When he suffers and offers himself in sacrifice he is a token for the expiation of the world's sins and shares in the sufferings of his brethren. He is ever in the presence of God, and within his soul Life itself is buried—hidden like the seed—in order to bring forth fruit and be communicated to others.
On the punitive nature of ICC reparations orders
Authors: Papachristopoulos Christos 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe article focuses on reparations, as ordered by the International Criminal Court (ICC) against a convicted individual. It has long been orthodoxy that such measures fulfil solely compensatory objectives, for they lack any punitive intent. This article offers a rival account. An analysis of the respective regulatory and contextual framework reveals that, by design, reparations are allowed to pursue compensatory and punitive goals equally. An analysis of the reparations orders themselves affirms that, in practice, the ICC utilizes reparations as a means to accomplish compensatory and punitive objectives both. It is maintained that reparations orders are both remedial and punitive in nature. Ignoring this reality has a negative impact on individual prerogatives, and contradicts fundamental sentencing ideals of international criminal justice. It follows that the current reparations order regime should be reformed. The ICC should either explicitly acknowledge reparations as punishment, or detach them from criminal proceedings altogether.
Costly enforcement in credit economies
Authors: Liu Yilei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In a monetary model based on Lagos and Wright (2005) where unsecured credit and money are used as means-of-payments, we analyze how the cost and quality of the record-keeping technology affect welfare. Specifically, monitoring agents’ debt repayment is costly but is essential to the use of unsecured credit because of limited commitment. To finance this cost, fees on credit transactions are imposed, and the maximum credit limit that is incentive compatible depends on such fees and monitoring level. Alternatively, the use of money avoids such costs. A higher credit limit does not necessarily improve welfare, especially when the limit is high: the benefit from increased trade surpluses from a higher credit limit is offset by the increased cost of monitoring to achieve the improvement. Moreover, under the optimal arrangement, optimal credit limit decreases with the marginal cost of monitoring. When the cost is sufficiently low, a pure credit equilibrium is optimal. When the marginal cost is high, it is optimal to have a pure-currency economy. But when the cost is at an intermediate level, we show that credit is sustainable but not socially optimal. In this range, the implementable credit limit leads to a higher trade surplus than in a pure monetary economy, but owing to the cost of operating the record-keeping system, social welfare in credit equilibrium is lower than the welfare in a pure monetary equilibrium. In addition, we show that there can be a non-monotonic relationship between the optimal record-keeping level and the optimal credit limit.
The role of employability capitals in supporting nutrition science graduate outcomes: an international qualitative study
Authors: O’Donovan Sarah , Barber Charlotte , Palermo Claire , Ryan Lisa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The study sought to explore nutrition graduates’ employability and role of employability capitals in supporting nutrition science graduate outcomes.

Design:
In-depth semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews were conducted with nutrition graduates who had completed a nutrition science degree between 2015 and 2021. Interpretivism guided this study, which endeavoured to co-construct meaning with participants. Transcribed interviews were thematically analysed, whereby data were coded, themes identified and discussed by all authors. The data were further mapped against the graduate capital model (GCM) by deductively coding against the five graduate capitals (human, identity, social, psychological and cultural).

Setting:
Ireland and Australia.

Participants:
Forty-two nutrition graduates from across nine universities in Ireland and twenty-two from a single university programme in Australia.

Results:
All elements of the GCM were identified with human, social and identity capital most dominant and identified as significantly influential on employability. Presence or absence of these capitals could be clearly identified within each graduates’ experience. Formation of professional identity and connection to the profession was strongest amongst Irish graduates. However, more than half of the Australian cohort perceived barriers to professional identity formation, including lack of regulation, imposter syndrome, presence of non-qualified individuals and comparison to dietetics. Both psychological and cultural capitals were rarely spoken about.

Conclusion:
The development of human, social and identity capital is observed among nutrition science graduates. Further investigation is required to enhance the process of identity development and ascertain potential remedies for obstacles. The absence of psychological and cultural capital, therefore, poses a significant issue for the resilience and comprehension of prospective graduates.
Socio-demographic correlates of ultra-processed food consumption in Canada
Authors: Polsky Jane Y , Jovovic Sara , Nardocci Milena , Moubarac Jean-Claude 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To characterise consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks (UPF) across a range of socio-demographic characteristics of Canadians.

Design:
Cross-sectional study. The national-level 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey–Nutrition provided data on all foods and drinks consumed on the previous day via a 24-hour dietary recall. All food items were classified according to the type of industrial processing using the NOVA system. Multivariable linear regression models examined associations between a range of socio-demographic characteristics and the mean energy contribution (% of total daily energy intake) from total UPF and UPF subgroups.

Setting:
The ten Canadian provinces.

Participants:
Canadians aged 2 or older (n 20 103).

Results:
UPF contributed, on average, nearly half (44·9 %) of total daily energy intake of Canadians. Children aged 6–12 and adolescents aged 13–18 consumed over half of total daily energy from UPF (adjusted means of 51·9 % and 50·7 %, respectively). Recent and long-term immigrants consumed a significantly lower share of energy from UPF (adjusted means of 42·2 % and 45·1 %, respectively) compared with non-immigrants (54·4 %), as did the food secure (42·8 %) v. those in moderately (48·1 %) or severely food-insecure households (50·8 %). More modest differences were observed for intake of total UPF and UPF subgroups by sex, education, income adequacy and region of residence.

Conclusion:
Levels of UPF consumption in 2015 in Canada were pervasive in all socio-demographic groups and highest among children and adolescents, non-immigrants and those living in food-insecure households. These findings can inform public health interventions to reduce UPF consumption and promote healthier diets in various socio-demographic groups.
Teacher perspectives on the socio-ecological barriers and enablers to food and nutrition education in primary schools: a scoping review
Authors: Esdaile Emma K , Wharton Lee , Vidgen Helen , Gallegos Danielle 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Schools are identified as a setting for food and nutrition education (FNE) in childhood. FNE is a key strategy to optimise child growth and development and impart life-long food skills. There is limited synthesis of the literature to understand the socio-ecological determinants of teachers and schools engaging in FNE.

Design:
For this scoping review, five databases (APA PsycInfo, ERIC, Medline, CINAHL and Scopus) were searched using the terms (and synonyms for) primary school teacher, self-efficacy and food and nutrition. A quality assessment using relevant Johanna Briggs tools was carried out for the included papers. Data were extracted using a modified socio-ecological model, and narrative themes were identified.

Setting:
Primary (elementary) schools in high-income countries.

Participants:
Primary-school teachers.

Results:
Forty-one papers were included in this review from ten countries (predominantly the USA). The narrative synthesis identified five themes that interact with teacher delivery of FNE. These were (i) perceived food and nutrition responsibilities of teachers, (ii) teacher beliefs and self-efficacy, (iii) opportunities to build teacher nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy, (iv) interpersonal contributors and (v) broader environmental, structural and policy contributors.

Conclusions:
Multiple strategies are needed to build the capacity of teachers to undertake FNE within primary school settings. These strategies include a focus on learner-centred education that will build teacher agency, school leadership, ensuring the health and well-being of teachers and providing initial teacher education as well as innovative professional development for cross-curriculum integration. Strategies drawing from each level of the socio-ecological framework will increase opportunities for capacity building.
Laser solid-phase synthesis of graphene shell-encapsulated high-entropy alloy nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Yuxiang , Yuan Jianghuai , Zhou Jiantao , Pan Kewen , Zhang Ran , Zhao Rongxia , Li Lin , Huang Yihe , Liu Zhu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRapid synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA NPs) offers new opportunities to develop functional materials in widespread applications. Although some methods have successfully produced HEA NPs, these methods generally require rigorous conditions such as high pressure, high temperature, restricted atmosphere, and limited substrates, which impede practical viability. In this work, we report laser solid-phase synthesis of CrMnFeCoNi nanoparticles by laser irradiation of mixed metal precursors on a laser-induced graphene (LIG) support with a 3D porous structure. The CrMnFeCoNi nanoparticles are embraced by several graphene layers, forming graphene shell-encapsulated HEA nanoparticles. The mechanisms of the laser solid-phase synthesis of HEA NPs on LIG supports are investigated through theoretical simulation and experimental observations, in consideration of mixed metal precursor adsorption, thermal decomposition, reduction through electrons from laser-induced thermionic emission, and liquid beads splitting. The production rate reaches up to 30 g/h under the current laser setup. The laser-synthesized graphene shell-encapsulated CrMnFeCoNi NPs loaded on LIG-coated carbon paper are used directly as 3D binder-free integrated electrodes and exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen evolution reaction with an overpotential of 293 mV at the current density of 10 mA/cm2 and exceptional stability over 428 h in alkaline media, outperforming the commercial RuO2 catalyst and the relevant catalysts reported by other methods. This work also demonstrates the versatility of this technique through the successful synthesis of CrMnFeCoNi oxide, sulfide, and phosphide nanoparticles.
Self-powered temperature-changing system driven by wind energy
Authors: Li Jiayu , Liu Boxun , Li Mingyang , Li Yahui , Ding Wangyang , Liu Guanlin , Luo Jun , Chen Nan , Wan Lingyu , Wei Wenjuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResearch on outdoor, mobile, and self-powered temperature-control devices has always been highly regarded. These devices can reduce energy consumption for cooling and heating, and they have broad market prospects. On this basis, a rotary disc-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with a maximum open-circuit voltage of 6913 V, a maximum short-circuit current of 85 μA, and a maximum transferred charge of 1.3 μC was prepared. We synthesized a ferroelectric ceramic composed of 0.15PbTiO3–0.85PbSc0.5Ta0.5O3 (0.15PT–0.85PST), which exhibited excellent electrothermal effects at room temperature. By quenching, the electrothermal effect ($$\Delta$$
Δ
Tmax) and energy harvesting properties of the device were 1.574 K and 0.542 J/cm3, respectively. Then, for the first time, we proposed a self-powered temperature quantification control system with a rotary disc-shaped TENG. This device effectively harnessed wind and water energy, in addition to other types of energy. The system consisted of energy collecting cups, a rotating disc-shaped FEP–rabbit fur TENG, a circuit management module, and a ferroelectric ceramic chip array. Through the circuit management module, the system converted external wind energy into a high-voltage electric field at the two ends of the 0.15PT–0.85PST ceramic chip to fully stimulate the electrothermal effect. At a speed of 200 rpm, the temperature change in the insulated cup within 276 s was 0.49 K, and the volume of the insulated cup was 300 times greater than that of the 0.15PT–0.85PST ceramic chip. Compared with the results reported in previous work, the cooling and heating times were both reduced by 31%, and the temperature changes for both cooling and heating increased by 81%. Moreover, the heating and cooling temperatures of the device optimized on this basis were increased to 1.19 K and 0.93 K, respectively. The great improvement in the temperature variation performance confirmed the great potential of the device for commercialization. This research could serve as a reference for reducing energy consumption for cooling and heating, and it meets the international energy policies of carbon dioxide emission peaking and carbon neutrality.