bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the determinants of futures contracts success: the role of market participants
Authors: Bekkerman Anton , Tejeda Hernan A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Chicago Mercantile Exchange introduced a futures contract for distillers’ dried grains (DDGs) in early 2010, but the market became inactive only four months after its inception. While many new futures contracts do not develop into high‐volume traders, interest from DDG cash market participants indicated that this contract could be successful. Prompted by the unexpected lack of trading activity in this new futures market, we empirically revisit the question of what factors contribute to a futures contract's success and extend the literature by investigating the roles of market participants and the significance of supporting futures markets. Estimation results indicate that the market participant type—hedger or speculator—affects futures contract trade volume. More importantly, we find that the viability of new futures contracts for commodities that are jointly produced with other commodities is impacted by hedgers’ trade volume of the related futures contract. These results provide important additions into the portfolio of indicators used by commodity exchanges to more cost‐effectively evaluate new futures contract products.
Protective features of resveratrol on human spermatozoa cryopreservation may be mediated through 5’ AMP‐activated protein kinase activation
Authors: Shabani Nashtaei M. , Amidi F. , Sedighi Gilani M. A. , Aleyasin A. , Bakhshalizadeh Sh. , Naji M. , Nekoonam S. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryBiochemical and physical modifications during the freeze–thaw process adversely influence the restoration of energy‐dependent sperm functions required for fertilization. Resveratrol, a phytoalexin, has been introduced to activate 5′ AMP‐activated protein kinase which is a cell energy sensor and a cell metabolism regulator. The cryoprotection of resveratrol on sperm cryoinjury via activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase also remains to be elucidated. Our aim, thus, was to investigate: (i) the presence and intracellular localization of AMP‐activated protein kinase protein; (ii) whether resveratrol may exert a protective effect on certain functional properties of fresh and post–thaw human spermatozoa through modulation of AMP‐activated protein kinase. Spermatozoa from normozoospermic men were incubated with or without different concentrations of Compound C as an AMP‐activated protein kinase inhibitor or resveratrol as an AMP‐activated protein kinase activator for different lengths of time and were then cryopreserved. AMP‐activated protein kinase is expressed essentially in the entire flagellum and the post‐equatorial region. Viability of fresh spermatozoa was not significantly affected by the presence of Compound C or resveratrol. However, although Compound C caused a potent inhibition of spermatozoa motility parameters, resveratrol did not induce negative effect, except a significant reduction in motility at 25 μm for 1 h. Furthermore, resveratrol significantly increased AMP‐activated protein kinase phosphorylation and mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased reactive oxygen species and apoptosis‐like changes in frozen–thawed spermatozoa. Nevertheless, it was not able to compensate decreased sperm viability and motility parameters following cryopreservation. In contrast, Compound C showed opposite effects to resveratrol on AMP‐activated protein kinase phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis‐like changes, mitochondrial membrane potential, and motility parameters. These findings, although preliminary, suggest that resveratrol‐induced improvement of cryopreserved sperm functions may be mediated through activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase, indicating the importance of AMP‐activated protein kinase activity for human spermatozoa functions. Further investigations are required to elucidate the mechanism by which resveratrol ameliorates oxidative stress‐mediated damages in an AMP‐activated protein kinase‐dependent mechanism.
Exploring two novel cases of suspected ictal epileptic headache, a rare form of paediatric epilepsy
Authors: Coci Emanuele G. , Riedel Joachim 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimIctal epileptic headache (IEH) is a rare and underestimated epileptic form, characterised by epileptiform discharges and headache attacks without any other ictal sensory‐motor manifestations. IEH is difficult to diagnose, because the epileptiform discharges have to be registered during the headache attack and the headache has to disappear after the intravenous administration of an anti‐epileptic drug, according to the last diagnostic criteria. This study explored the clinical, neuro‐physiological and therapeutic features of IEH in the paediatric population.MethodsWe analysed two novel cases of adolescent female patients with chronic headache and a long history of unsuccessful analgesic oral therapy and without any other ictal sensory‐motor events. We also reviewed the entire literature on paediatric IEH.ResultsThe clinical history and diagnostic process led us to highly suspect IEH in both patients, and the successful therapy with oral anti‐epileptic drugs, namely topiramate and ethosuximide, which resolved the chronic headache, enforced our diagnostic hypothesis. Our literature review highlighted the rarity of IEH clinical reports, particularly in the paediatric population, mainly due to the stringent diagnostic criteria.ConclusionOur study sheds further light on IEH in the paediatric population and on the importance of diagnostic electroencephalograms in the clinical management of paediatric patients suffering from chronic headache.
Naloxone Antagonizes Soman‐induced Central Respiratory Depression in Rats
Authors: Škrbić Ranko , Stojiljković Miloš P. , Ćetković Slavko S. , Dobrić Silva , Jeremić Dejan , Vulović Maja 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe influence of naloxone on respiration impaired by the highly toxic organophosphate nerve agent soman in anaesthetized rats was investigated. Soman, administered in a dose that was ineffective in blocking the electrically induced contractions of the phrenic nerve‐diaphragm preparation in situ, induced a complete block of the spontaneous respiratory movements of the diaphragm, indicating the domination of central over the peripheral effects. Naloxone dose‐dependently antagonized the soman‐induced respiratory blockade. Atropine, at a dose that was per se ineffective in counteracting soman‐induced respiratory depression, potentiated the protective effects of naloxone and completely restored respiration. Naloxone remained completely ineffective in antagonizing respiratory depression induced by the muscarinic receptor agonist the oxotremorine. It is assumed that naloxone antagonizes soman‐induced respiratory inhibition by blocking endogenous opioidergic respiratory control pathways that are independent of the stimulation of muscarinic receptors.
Arbeitsbedingte Synkanzerogenese an der Haut – Zur kombinatorischen Einwirkung zweier Karzinogene der Berufskrankheiten‐Liste
Authors: Dickel Heinrich , Blome Otto , Dickel Beate , Bruckner Thomas , Stockfleth Eggert , Soemantri Silas Paras 
Published: December 2016

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Synkanzerogenese am Hautorgan, wissenschaftlich unstrittig, spiegelt sich im monokausal geleiteten Berufskrankheiten (BK)‐Recht nicht wider. Nichtmelanozytäre Hauttumoren und deren Vorläuferläsionen können nur nach Einzelprüfung der BK‐Nrn. 5103 und 5102 anerkannt werden.MethodikRetrospektive Auswertung von 28 zwischen September 2012 und September 2015 begutachteten Fällen (Altersmedian 72,5 J.) mit nichtmelanozytären Hauttumoren und deren Vorläuferläsionen und arbeitsbedingter Exposition gegenüber natürlicher UV‐Strahlung und polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen.ErgebnisseIn allen 28 Fällen sahen wir die arbeitstechnischen Voraussetzungen nach den BK‐Nrn. 5103 und 5102 als erfüllt an. In 26 Fällen (93 %) empfahlen wir die Hautkrebserkrankung als BK‐Tatbestand nach den Nrn. 5103 und 5102 anzuerkennen. Dem folgte der Unfallversicherungsträger in vier Fällen. Achtmal wurde die Anerkennung nur nach BK‐Nr. 5103, zehnmal nur nach BK‐Nr. 5102 und viermal gar nicht ausgesprochen.SchlussfolgerungenBei nichtmelanozytären Hauttumoren oder deren Vorläuferläsionen an UV‐exponierten Hautarealen mit ausreichend kumulativer arbeitsbedingter natürlicher UV‐Strahlenexposition und bei arbeitsbedingter Exposition gegenüber polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen sollten mittels BK‐Anzeige die „BK‐Nrn. 5103 und 5102 im Sinne der Synkanzerogenese“ gemeldet werden. Neben der gerechteren Wiedergabe der Arbeitsplatzrealitäten in einem solchen Feststellungsverfahren kann es dann im Konkreten auch zur Anerkennung von Basalzellkarzinomen kommen, die ansonsten, bei alleiniger Prüfung der BK‐Nr. 5103, herausgerechnet würden.
Audio‐visual speech in noise perception in dyslexia
Authors: van Laarhoven Thijs , Keetels Mirjam , Schakel Lemmy , Vroomen Jean 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIndividuals with developmental dyslexia (DD) may experience, besides reading problems, other speech‐related processing deficits. Here, we examined the influence of visual articulatory information (lip‐read speech) at various levels of background noise on auditory word recognition in children and adults with DD. We found that children with a documented history of DD have deficits in their ability to gain benefit from lip‐read information that disambiguates noise‐masked speech. We show with another group of adult individuals with DD that these deficits persist into adulthood. These deficits could not be attributed to impairments in unisensory auditory word recognition. Rather, the results indicate a specific deficit in audio‐visual speech processing and suggest that impaired multisensory integration might be an important aspect of DD.
Beneficial Coercion in Psychiatric Care: Insights from African Ethico‐Cultural System
Authors: Ewuoso Cornelius Olukunle 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThere is a ‘catch 22’ situation about applying coercion in psychiatric care. Autonomous choices undeniably are rights of patients. However, emphasizing rights for a mentally‐ill patient could jeopardize the chances of the patient receiving care or endanger the public. Conversely, the beneficial effects of coercion are difficult to predict.Thus, applying coercion in psychiatric care requires delicate balancing of individual‐rights, individual well‐being and public safety, which has not been achieved by current frameworks. Two current frameworks may be distinguished: the civil liberty approach and the Stone model. Both frameworks are restrictive, and not respectful of human dignity. In a civil liberty approach, individuals who are severely mentally‐ill but not dangerous would be denied care because they do not meet the dangerousness threshold or because the use of coercion will not lead to rebirthing of autonomy. This is unsatisfactory. Albeit involuntary interventions such as talk therapies, peer‐support etc., may not always lead to rebirthing of autonomy or free patients from mental illness; they can however help to maintain the dignity of each mentally ill patient.In place of these frameworks, this study proposes a new ethical framework for applying coercion in psychiatric care that is respectful of human dignity. Specifically, it draws on insights from the African ethico‐cultural system by using the Yoruba concept Omo‐olu‐iwabi to develop this new framework. This way, the study shows that only a more respectful approach for applying coercion in psychiatric care can lead to the careful balancing of the competing interests of individual's rights, individual's well‐being and public safety.
A subjective descriptive study of the warm‐up and turn to a fence, approach, take‐off, suspension, landing and move‐off in 10 showjumpers
Authors: Dyson S. , Tranquille C. , Walker V. , Guire R. , Fisher M. , Murray R. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThere is limited knowledge about causes of musculoskeletal injury in showjumpers. The objectives were to describe features of the turn, approach and jump in a group of experienced showjumpers believed by their riders to be sound, to relate these findings to clinical findings, and to identify features that may predispose to injury. Ten experienced showjumpers in normal competition training jumped an upright and a parallel fence four times off the left and right reins respectively, after a rider‐defined period of warm‐up. Real‐time and high‐speed motion capture was undertaken. Detailed subjective assessment of the gait was performed during the warm‐up, on the turn and approach to the jump and all phases of the jump. Six horses had thoracolumbar pain or epaxial muscle tension. Six horses exhibited a poor‐quality canter. The mean duration of warm‐up was 7 min (range 5–10 min). All horses had lean of the trunk and hindlimbs >45° on the turn. The inside hindlimb was placed in front of the outside hindlimb in 75% of the turns. Sideways oscillations of the hocks during stance were seen in all horses on the turn and on the straight approach in five horses. The inside hindlimb had greater magnitude of oscillation than the outside hindlimb on the turns. Repeated asynchronous push‐off with the hindlimbs at take‐off was seen in three horses. The hindlimbs drifted to the left or right during the ascent‐phase of suspension in four horses, reflecting asymmetrical push‐off. Only two horses landed consistently with the correct forelimb leading relative to the direction in which the horse had to turn after the fence. Four horses landed seven (n = 2) or eight (n = 2) times each with the left (n = 2) and right (n = 2) forelimbs respectively. Repetitive overload through asymmetrical use of the left and right canter leads, inadequate warm‐up, and limb instability could potentially predispose to injury.
Symptoms among patients receiving in‐center hemodialysis: A qualitative study
Authors: Cox Kim J. , Parshall Mark B. , Hernandez Stephen H. A. , Parvez Sanah Z. , Unruh Mark L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroduction: Assessment of dialysis‐related symptoms is not currently a requirement for hemodialysis (HD) providers in the United States. The purpose of this study was to describe patients' perspectives on symptoms associated with end‐stage chronic kidney disease treated with thrice‐weekly, in‐center HD.Methods: We performed a qualitative study using interpretive description. Interview questions were based on a KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) controversies conference and a literature review. Semi‐structured interviews were analyzed for characterizations of symptoms.Findings: Fifty participants (48% female; 42% Hispanic; 30% American Indian; 14% Black; 12% non‐Hispanic White) were recruited from six outpatient dialysis centers (four urban, two rural) in the southwestern United States. Median HD duration was 4 years. Of 13 symptoms assessed, nearly all participants reported difficulties with muscle cramping, fatigue, or both. Negotiating fluid removal with dialysis personnel helped to manage cramping. Some participants tried to adjust dialysis days and shift to mitigate fatigue. Most participants reported having experienced depression early in the course of dialysis; for some, it was a persistent or recurrent problem. Relatively few participants reported using antidepressants or counseling to cope with depression. Itching was highly distressing for those who experienced it frequently. Topical treatments, antihistamines, dietary modifications, and phosphate binders were identified as potentially helpful by some participants.Discussion: The major symptoms attributed to HD treatment by participants were cramping, fatigue, depression, and itching. Greater attention by health care providers to the most common and bothersome symptoms could positively impact daily life for HD patients.
A specific brushing sequence and plaque removal efficacy: a randomized split‐mouth design
Authors: Van der Sluijs E , Slot DE , Hennequin‐Hoenderdos NL , Van der Weijden GA 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimIt has been propagated by the dental care professionals to start toothbrushing the lingual aspect of teeth first. In general, it is assumed that these surfaces of teeth are more difficult to clean. The evidence to support this recommendation is sparse.MethodIn this randomized controlled clinical trial using a split‐mouth design, 46 students were included. Before the visit, the participants were requested to refrain from any oral hygiene procedure for 48 h. First, the plaque index (PI) score was assessed full mouth. Two randomly chosen contra‐lateral quadrants were used to start brushing from the lingual aspect first. The opposing two quadrants were used to start brushing from the buccal aspect. After the brushing exercise was completed, full‐mouth PI was scored again. Subanalyses were performed for the buccal, lingual and approximal surfaces.ResultsAt baseline, there was no statistically significant difference between the two sets of contra‐lateral quadrants (P = 0.770). Starting at the lingual aspect of the lower jaw resulted in a 55% reduction of plaque scores in comparison with 58% when the brushing exercise was started buccally. [Correction added on 16 January 2017, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the percentage reduction of plaque scores when the brushing exercise was started buccally, was previously wrong and has been corrected to 58% throughout this article.] The difference in mean plaque scores between brushing orders was 0.04, which was not significant (P = 0.219). None of the subanalyses revealed any significant differences for the isolated surfaces.ConclusionUsing a manual toothbrush reduced the plaque scores between 55 and 58% with no difference between brushing from either the lingual or buccal aspect first. Within the limitations of this study, a recommendation to start toothbrushing the lingual aspect is not supported by the outcome in this young student population.
Predicting Institutional Aggression in Offenders with Intellectual Disabilities Using the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide
Authors: Pouls Claudia , Jeandarme Inge 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundOne of the most extensively tested risk assessment instruments in offenders with an intellectual disability (OIDs) is the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG). The purpose of this prospective study was to test the ability of this instrument to predict institutional aggression in OIDs.MethodVRAG scores were collected for 52 OIDs, and staff registered aggressive incidents during a period of 6 months. Predictive accuracy was analysed using several performance indicators.ResultsThe VRAG was not able to significantly predict aggressive behaviour, although a trend towards significance was found for interpersonal physical aggression. Furthermore, the VRAG was only accurate in prospectively identifying low‐risk individuals.ConclusionCompared to other studies, demonstrating good predictive validity for institutional aggression in OIDs, the VRAG performed poorly in this study. The usefulness of this instrument in identifying high‐risk offenders is questioned. Until further evidence is available from studies using multiple performance indicators, clinicians have to be very careful in relying on the results of a risk assessment tool.
Teaching evidence‐based synthesis: an examination of the development and delivery of two innovative methodologies used at the University of Portsmouth
Authors: Gorczynski Paul , Burnell Karen , Dewey Ann , Costello Joseph T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEvidence based practice (EBP) is a process that involves making conscientious decisions that take into account the best available information, clinical expertise, and values and experiences of the patient. EBP helps empower health care professionals to establish service provisions that are clinically excellent, cost‐effective, and culturally sensitive to the wishes of their patients. With a need for rapid integration of new evidence into EBP, systematic reviews and meta‐analyses have become important tools for health care professionals. Systematic reviews and meta‐analyses are conducted in a conscientious manner, following an established set of rules where individuals identify studies that address a particular question based on clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria along with a predetermined method of analysis. Conducting systematic reviews and meta‐analyses isn't easy nor quick and requires knowledge in a particular subject area, research methods, and statistics. Teaching health care professionals, including undergraduate and graduate students, the processes and skills necessary to carry out systematic reviews and meta‐analyses is essential, yet few teaching resources exist for academic staff to facilitate this endeavor. The purpose of this article is to present two strategies taken by academic staff in the Faculty of Science at the University of Portsmouth, UK to teach evidence synthesis and processes to enhance EBP. One case involves a pedagogical approach used with exercise science masters students while the other details the work of an on‐line postgraduate certificate program that has been developed in collaboration with Cochrane UK.
Self‐Reported Hearing Impairment and Incident Frailty in English Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: A 4‐Year Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Liljas Ann E. M. , Carvalho Livia A. , Papachristou Efstathios , Oliveira Cesar De , Wannamethee S. Goya , Ramsay Sheena E. , Walters Kate 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the association between hearing impairment and incident frailty in older adults.DesignCross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses with 4‐year follow‐up using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling individuals aged 60 and older with data on hearing and frailty status (N = 2,836).MeasurementsHearing impairment was defined as poor self‐reported hearing. Having none of the five Fried frailty phenotype components (slow walking, weak grip, self‐reported exhaustion, weight loss and low physical activity) was defined as not frail, having one or two as prefrail, and having three or more as frail. Participants who were not frail at baseline were followed for incident prefrailty and frailty. Participants who were prefrail at baseline were followed for incident frailty.ResultsOne thousand three hundred ninety six (49%) participants were not frail, 1,178 (42%) were prefrail, and 262 (9%) were frail according to the Fried phenotype. At follow‐up, there were 367 new cases of prefrailty and frailty among those who were not frail at baseline (n = 1,396) and 133 new cases of frailty among those who were prefrail at baseline (n = 1,178). Cross‐sectional analysis showed an association between hearing impairment and frailty (age‐ and sex‐adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.37–2.01), which remained after further adjustments for wealth, education, cardiovascular disease, cognition, and depression. In longitudinal analyses, nonfrail participants with hearing impairment were at greater risk of becoming prefrail and frail at follow‐up (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.05–1.95), but the association was attenuated after further adjustment. Prefrail participants with hearing impairment had a greater risk of becoming frail at follow‐up (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.07–2.51) even after further adjustment.ConclusionHearing impairment in prefrail older adults was associated with greater risk of becoming frail, independent of covariates, suggesting that hearing impairment may hasten the progression of frailty.