bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Over the Top”: Images of the Football Charges of the Great War
Authors: Adams Iain 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Long lines of young Tommies going over the top and staunchly walking into a storm of steel and flame while dribbling a football is part of Britain’s collective memory of World War I. Collective memory is developed and sustained through the continuous production of representational forms. This paper draws on visual cultural studies to explore the images of the “football charges” produced during the war. It concludes that the published images aspired to bolster morale on the home front through buttressing traditional notions of courage and the sporting spirit. However, the images created by serving soldiers and Lady Butler did not glorify war but revealed new concepts of courage necessary for survival in the trenches and to go “over the top.”
Development of Product and Packaging Label for Kao-Taen (Rice Cracker) of the Agro-group of Kao Kwang Tong Sub-district, Nong Chang District, Uthaithani Province
Authors: Payim Tawat 
Published: July 2016

<p>This research was aimed to develop the product and packaging label for Kao-Taen (rice cracker) of the agro-group of Kao Kwang Tong sub-district, Nong-Chang district, Uthaithani province. It explored and developed Kao-Taen product using materials within the community, and evaluated the product design and packaging label by specialists. <strong></strong></p><p>The research results suggested the outcome of product development, with Kao-Taen of 3 cm. in diameter and 1.5 cm. thick, the size allows for more convenient consumption by consumers. The design of packaging label in style 3 with mean 4.92 was considered most appropriate. The key factors contributing to the community product development included available materials in the community, community’s self-capability, presentation of community uniqueness, and low cost. </p>
Preliminary Study on the Pharmacology Practical Teaching Reform in Pharmacy in Higher Vocational Colleges
Authors: Xu Jiao , Gong Tao 
Published: July 2016

<p>Pharmacology training course is an important part of pharmacology teaching and an important means to let students understand and master the basic knowledge of pharmacology. In order to meet the requirements of high-quality technical talents under the new situation, this paper, by making corresponding reforms of current training in pharmacology teaching contents, methods, means and examination method, and tracking questionnaire survey on course effect, explores a training mode of pharmacology to adapt the new trend of vocational education. A total of 188 second-year pharmacy students participated in the study. Course assessment and questionnaire survey were used to evaluate the reformed course. Students in this course performed well. The number of students who failed to pass the exam is 0. The data from the questionnaires indicated that students generally held positive attitudes toward the innovative teaching contents and model. </p>
Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs Suppress Myofibroblast Differentiation by Inhibiting the Transforming Growth Factor-β/SMAD2 Pathway During Wound Healing
Authors: Fang Shuo , Xu Chen , Zhang Yuntong , Xue Chunyu , Yang Chao , Bi Hongda , Qian Xijing , Wu Minjuan , Ji Kaihong , Zhao Yunpeng , Wang Yue , Liu Houqi , Xing Xin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Excessive scar formation caused by myofibroblast aggregations is of great clinical importance during skin wound healing. Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote skin regeneration, but whether MSCs contribute to scar formation remains undefined. We found that umbilical cord-derived MSCs (uMSCs) reduced scar formation and myofibroblast accumulation in a skin-defect mouse model. We found that these functions were mainly dependent on uMSC-derived exosomes (uMSC-Exos) and especially exosomal microRNAs. Through high-throughput RNA sequencing and functional analysis, we demonstrated that a group of uMSC-Exos enriched in specific microRNAs (miR-21, -23a, -125b, and -145) played key roles in suppressing myofibroblast formation by inhibiting the transforming growth factor-β2/SMAD2 pathway. Finally, using the strategy we established to block miRNAs inside the exosomes, we showed that these specific exosomal miRNAs were essential for the myofibroblast-suppressing and anti-scarring functions of uMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Our study revealed a novel role of exosomal miRNAs in uMSC-mediated therapy, suggesting that the clinical application of uMSC-derived exosomes might represent a strategy to prevent scar formation during wound healing.

Significance
Exosomes have been identified as a new type of major paracrine factor released by umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs). They have been reported to be an important mediator of cell-to-cell communication. However, it is still unclear precisely which molecule or group of molecules carried within MSC-derived exosomes can mediate myofibroblast functions, especially in the process of wound repair. The present study explored the functional roles of uMSC-exosomal microRNAs in the process of myofibroblast formation, which can cause excessive scarring. This is an unreported function of uMSC exosomes. Also, for the first time, the uMSC-exosomal microRNAs were examined by high-throughput sequencing, with a group of specific microRNAs (miR-21, miR-23a, miR-125b, and miR-145) found to play key roles in suppressing myofibroblast formation by inhibiting excess α-smooth muscle actin and collagen deposition associated with activity of the transforming growth factor-β/SMAD2 signaling pathway.
Chondrocytes Derived From Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Induced Pluripotent Cells of Patients With Familial Osteochondritis Dissecans Exhibit an Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response and Defective Matrix Assembly
Authors: Xu Maojia , Stattin Eva-Lena , Shaw Georgina , Heinegård Dick , Sullivan Gareth , Wilmut Ian , Colman Alan , Önnerfjord Patrik , Khabut Areej , Aspberg Anders , Dockery Peter , Hardingham Timothy , Murphy Mary , Barry Frank 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Familial osteochondritis dissecans (FOCD) is an inherited skeletal defect characterized by the development of large cartilage lesions in multiple joints, short stature, and early onset of severe osteoarthritis. It is associated with a heterozygous mutation in the ACAN gene, resulting in a Val-Met replacement in the C-type lectin domain of aggrecan. To understand the cellular pathogenesis of this condition, we studied the chondrogenic differentiation of patient bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). We also looked at cartilage derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from patient fibroblasts. Our results revealed several characteristics of the differentiated chondrocytes that help to explain the disease phenotype and susceptibility to cartilage injury. First, patient chondrogenic pellets had poor structural integrity but were rich in glycosaminoglycan. Second, it was evident that large amounts of aggrecan accumulated within the endoplasmic reticulum of chondrocytes differentiated from both BM-MSCs and iPSCs. In turn, there was a marked absence of aggrecan in the extracellular matrix. Third, it was evident that matrix synthesis and assembly were globally dysregulated. These results highlight some of the abnormal aspects of chondrogenesis in these patient cells and help to explain the underlying cellular pathology. The results suggest that FOCD is a chondrocyte aggrecanosis with associated matrix dysregulation. The work provides a new in vitro model of osteoarthritis and cartilage degeneration based on the use of iPSCs and highlights how insights into disease phenotype and pathogenesis can be uncovered by studying differentiation of patient stem cells.

Significance
The isolation and study of patient stem cells and the development of methods for the generation of iPSCs have opened up exciting opportunities in understanding causes and exploring new treatments for major diseases. This technology was used to unravel the cellular phenotype in a severe form of inherited osteoarthritis, termed familial osteochondritis dissecans. The phenotypic abnormalities that give rise to cartilage lesions in these patients were able to be described via the generation of chondrocytes from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and iPSCs, illustrating the extraordinary value of these approaches in disease modeling.
Les imaginaires du livre et de la vie littéraire. Un projet historique, sociologique et sociocritique
Authors: Glinoer Anthony 
Published: July 2016

Qu’est-ce que les fictions de la vie littéraire ont à nous apprendre sur le livre, l’édition, la lecture et sur les acteurs qui animent toute la chaîne du livre? Fruits des représentations que se font les écrivains du milieu où ils évoluent, les romans qui mettent en scène la vie littéraire possèdent un savoir réflexif particulier sur l’univers du livre. C’est à ce corpus étonnamment vaste des romans de la vie littéraire du xixe au xxie siècle que le Gremlin (Groupe de recherche sur les médiations littéraires et les institutions) a dédié l’essentiel de ses recherches. La publication d’ouvrages collectifs et de numéros de revue (Fictions du champ littéraire et Bohème sans frontière en 2010, « Le livre dans le livre » en 2011, Imaginaires de la vie littéraire en 2012, Romans à clés en 2014) s’est ajoutée à la publication en ligne des bibliographies des romans français et québécois de la vie littéraire et d’une vaste base de données contenant des fiches détaillées de plus de 80 romans (voir le site legremlin.org). Son intense activité de rassemblement de matériel brut et d’articles d’analyse (une centaine) a permis au Gremlin de cartographier le territoire de la vie littéraire fictionnelle en France. C’est quelques-uns de ces périmètres (la transmission de l’objet-livre, la mise en abyme du processus créateur à même la fiction, les formes de sociabilité comme les salons et les cénacles comme lieux de rencontre des acteurs fictifs principaux de la vie littéraire) que cet article s’attachera à dessiner. À titre d’exemple, je me pencherai plus longuement sur les figurations de l’éditeur dans le roman français. Autrefois presque invisibles dans les romans de la vie littéraire français, les personnages d’éditeurs abondent désormais : partant du roman qui a façonné durablement l’image fictionnelle de l’éditeur, Illusions perdues de Balzac (1839), je remonterai jusqu’à l’époque contemporaine pour étudier (chez Échenoz, Pennac, Robbe-Grillet, Christine Angot, etc.) les figurations de l’éditeur : ses traits physiques, ses lieux de sociabilité, sa fonction sociale et sa parole. Je montrerai que, contrairement à ce qui était de mise jusque dans les années 1970, cette dernière est souvent élevée à l’échelon de la parole de l’écrivain fictif pour exprimer la résistance à la marchandisation de la production littéraire.
History of the Book in Canada: The View from Here
Authors: Gerson Carole 
Published: July 2016

National book history projects are both informative and provocative: informative for the resources they assemble and the knowledge they promote, and provocative for their omissions and limitations. The History of the Book in Canada/Histoire du livre et de l’imprimé au Canada (3 vols 2004-2007) provided a remarkable opportunity for a large community of researchers across the country to investigate myriad aspects of Canada’s print culture in an increasingly multicultural population. Their focal points included authorship, publishing, distribution, and reading. The project established a baseline for subsequent studies in areas that were revealed to be under-researched and it continues to inspire new scholarly investigations. Working in both official languages, HBiC/HLIC’s editorial team forged a model for bilingual scholarly dissemination, a format that is surprisingly rare in the humanities in Canada. At the national level, its three volumes and many offshoots have enriched Canadians’ knowledge about themselves; at the international level, the project has established the presence of a relatively small country within the realm of global book history. As international book history scholars become increasingly conscious of the need to situate their investigations within trans-national contexts, we invite them to consider Canada’s stories and examples.
Internationalité du marché du livre, le cas du Québec
Authors: Michon Jacques 
Published: July 2016

Abordée pour la première fois dans la diversité de ses manifestations linguistiques et culturelles, l’histoire du livre au Canada tel que conçu dans le grand projet réalisé entre 2000 et 2007 a mis en évidence les facteurs transnationaux qui ont contribué à la façonner. Situé à la croisée de trois grandes zones d’influence politique et culturelle, française, britannique et américaine, le marché canadien du livre est caractérisé par une internationalité dont l’impact sur la production locale a été déterminant. Quinze ans après la publication des actes du colloque de Sherbrooke sur Les mutations du livre et de l’édition dans le monde du xviiiesiècle à l’an 2000 / Worldwide Changes in Book Publishing from the 18th Century to the Year 2000, et moins de dix ans après la publication du dernier volume de l’Histoire du livre et de l’imprimé au Canada (HLIC), la tendance à privilégier la double approche nationale et extranationale s’est confirmée. La perspective centrée sur les facteurs internes et externes ressort clairement des travaux récents de jeunes historiens du livre, notamment au Québec. Signés par plusieurs anciens membres de l’équipe de rédaction de l’HLIC, ces ouvrages ont permis de développer la réflexion sur les dimensions transnationales du marché du livre au Canada.
Les périodiques gais au Québec : évolution et transformations d’une presse au service d’une communauté
Authors: Giguère Nicholas 
Published: July 2016

Au Québec, 144 périodiques gais, tous types confondus, ont vu le jour depuis 1971. De quelles façons la presse gaie s’est-elle transformée et comment s’est-elle adaptée aux besoins de la communauté gaie? Dans cet article, l’auteur analyse les changements relatifs aux conditions de production et de diffusion, à la matérialité et au contenu des périodiques gais au Québec, tout en insistant plus particulièrement sur trois cas : Le Tiers (1971-1972), Gai(e)s du Québec (1977-1979) et RG (1984-2012). Par l’examen des sommaires et des éditoriaux, il mettra en évidence les liens que ces publications entretiennent avec l’histoire de la communauté gaie.
Las revistas académicas: entre la evaluación y el cumplimiento de su función social.
Authors: Arévalo-Guízar Gabriela , Rueda-Beltrán Mario 
Published: July 2016

En	el texto se plantea la necesidad de revisar el contexto de	la evaluación del trabajo académico para poder entender las	dificultades que tienen las revistas académicas	latinoamericanas para cumplir con su evaluación a través del	índice de impacto y la interacción con las empresas que lo	emplean. De igual manera se describe la influencia que	ejercen las editoriales comerciales sobre la producción y	difusión del conocimiento. Se revisan algunas de las	estrategias seguidas por las revistas latinoamericanas para	hacer visible el conocimiento producido, al tiempo que se	presenta la situación de las revistas mexicanas de	investigación educativa en las bases de datos	internacionales y regionales. Por último, a través de un	ejercicio analítico de los criterios y políticas nacionales	de evaluación de revistas mexicanas de investigación, se	develan los mecanismos puestos en juego para sortear las	pruebas que un proceso de esta naturaleza conlleva
Análisis metodológico del Proyecto PISA como evaluación internacional
Authors: Jornet Meliá Jesús Miguel 
Published: July 2016

En este artículo el objetivo es realizar un análisis global del Proyecto PISA como programa de evaluación internacional. Asimismo, se analizan características metodológicas de los procesos métricos que sustentan los instrumentos que se utilizan en el proyecto: las pruebas de logro y los cuestionarios de contexto. Se identifican las fortalezas y debilidades del proyecto, en diversas áreas, desde el Diseño y validación del proyecto como programa de evaluación internacional, sus usos y modos de comunicación de resultados, hasta las características métricas de sus instrumentos. Se proponen alternativas para optimizar el uso del proyecto en general y en los países involucrados en particular. Se concluye que se trata de un proyecto que, por su calidad metodológica e impacto socio-político es valioso, si bien tiene diferentes aspectos que podrían mejorarse -tanto como programa de evaluación, como en sus fundamentos de medición educativas- para que pudiera aportar informaciones de mayor calidad y que pudieran orientar decisiones de mejora.
Heat transfer of suspended carbon nanotube yarn to gases
Authors: Wada Yukiko , Kita Koji , Takei Kuniharu , Arie Takayuki , Akita Seiji 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We investigate the pressure dependence of heat transfer to ambient gases for a suspended carbon nanotube yarn. The heat transport of the yarn including the heat exchange with surrounding gases is investigated using a simple one-dimensional heat transport model under Joule heating of the yarn. It is revealed that the effective diameter of the yarn for heat exchange is much smaller than the geometrical diameter of the yarn. This smaller effective diameter for heat exchange should contribute to realizing higher sensitivity and sensing over a wider range of pressures for heat-exchange-type vacuum gauges and flow sensors.
Effects of complexing agents on electrochemical deposition of FeSxOy thin films
Authors: Supee Aizuddin , Ichimura Masaya 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
FeS
x
O
y
thin films were deposited on indium–tin-oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates at 15 °C via galvanostatic electrochemical deposition from an aqueous solution containing 100 mM Na2S2O3 and 30 mM FeSO4. The effects of l(+)-tartaric acid (C4H4O6) and lactic acid [CH3CH(OH)COOH] at different concentrations were investigated. All the deposited films were amorphous. With the complexing agents, the thickness was increased, and the oxygen content was reduced significantly compared with the sample deposited without the complexing agents. In the photoelectrochemical measurement, p-type conductivity was confirmed. The photoresponsivity was not influenced significantly by the complexing agent, suggesting that the oxygen content does not drastically affect the properties of the deposited films probably because the local bonding configuration around Fe atoms in FeS
x
O
y
is similar to that in FeS2.
Effect of gold migration on the morphology of germanium nanowires grown by a two-step growth method with temperature modulation
Authors: Xu Zhengyu , Usami Koichi , Simanullang Marolop , Noguchi Tomohiro , Kawano Yukio , Oda Shunri 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Germanium nanowires (Ge NWs) grown at high temperatures (HTs) are investigated because of the demand for impurity doping. However, gold agglomeration, which occurs at HTs, results in undesired moundlike structures. A two-step growth technique with temperature modulation from low temperatures (LTs) to HTs was adopted to prevent gold agglomeration, thus revealing high-yield HT Ge NWs on top of LT Ge NWs. These Ge NWs can be classified into two groups on the basis of their shape. The timing of gold migration plays a crucial role in determining the shape of these NWs. Fat core–shell-like Ge NWs, where gold migration occurs as temperature increases, are due to the enhanced radial growth at HTs generated from the migrated gold nanoparticles on the NW sidewalls. However, for thin NWs, because Au seeds were stabilized on top of NWs until synthesis ended, the axial growth of Ge NWs continued at HTs.
Influence of the oxide thickness of a SiO2/Si(001) substrate on the optical second harmonic intensity of few-layer MoSe2
Authors: Miyauchi Yoshihiro , Morishita Ryo , Tanaka Masatoshi , Ohno Sinya , Mizutani Goro , Suzuki Takanori 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The nonlinear optical properties of few-layer MoSe2 on a SiO2/Si substrate were investigated with our optical second harmonic generation (SHG) microscope. Few-layer flakes were mechanically exfoliated from a single crystal onto a 90- or 270-nm-thick SiO2-coated Si(001) substrate. The polar plot of the second-harmonic (SH) intensity from a mono- or trilayer MoSe2 flake as a function of the rotation angle of incident polarization shows a threefold symmetry, indicating that the isolated few-layer flakes retain their single crystallographic orientation. SHG spectra were found to depend strongly on the oxide thickness of the substrate (90 or 270 nm), which was interpreted using the interference among the multiply reflected SH light beams in the system. By taking this interference into account, a resonant peak may be identified at a two-photon energy of equal to or less than 2.9 eV in an SHG spectrum. The spatial resolution of the SHG microscope was estimated as 0.53 µm.
Surface nanobubbles studied by atomic force microscopy techniques: Facts, fiction, and open questions
Authors: Schönherr Holger , Hain Nicole , Walczyk Wiktoria , Wesner Daniel , Druzhinin Sergey I. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In this review surface nanobubbles, which are presumably gas-filled enclosures found at the solid–liquid interface, are introduced and discussed together with key experimental findings that suggest that these nanoscale features indeed exist and are filled with gas. The most prominent technique used thus far has been atomic force microscopy (AFM). However, due to its potentially invasive nature, AFM data must be interpreted with great care. Owing to their curved interface, the Laplace internal pressure of surface nanobubbles exceeds substantially the outside ambient pressure, and the experimentally observed long term stability is in conflict with estimates of gas transport rates and predicted surface nanobubble lifetimes. Despite recent explanations of both the stability and the unusual nanoscopic contact angles, the development of new co-localization approaches and the adequate analysis of AFM data of surface nanobubbles are important as a means to confirm the gaseous nature and correctly estimate the interfacial curvature.
Atomic force microscopy surface analysis of layered perovskite La2Ti2O7 particles grown by molten flux method
Authors: Orum Aslihan , Takatori Kazumasa , Hori Shigeo , Ikeda Tomiko , Yoshimura Masamichi , Tani Toshihiko 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Rectangular platelike particles of La2Ti2O7, a layered perovskite, were synthesized in KCl, NaCl, and LiCl by the molten flux method. The formation mechanism of the equilibrium shape in these alkali chloride fluxes was discussed in terms of the surface and interfacial energies of crystallographic planes. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the developed plane of the platelike particles is along the interlayers in the {110}-type layered crystal structure, and is considered to represent the lowest surface energy plane in which strong, periodic Ti–O bond chains terminate. Herein, for the first time, a growth mechanism for La2Ti2O7 particles is proposed and discussed. Triangular prism structures along the c-axis were observed on the developed planes of KCl-grown particles whereas no such structures were found on those of LiCl-grown ones. AFM measurements suggest that the prism facets are {210}-La2Ti2O7, which results in lower interfacial energy within KCl.