bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Physical, Microbial, and Chemical Attributes of Oysters (Crassostrea virginica)
Authors: Lingham Talaysha , Ye Mu , Chen Haiqiang , Chintapenta Lathadevi Karuna , Handy Eunice , Zhao Jing , Wu Changqing , Ozbay Gulnihal 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe change in the quality attributes (physical, microbial, and chemical) of oysters (Crassostrea virginica) after high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment at 300 MPa at room temperature (RT, 25 °C) 300, 450, and 500 MPa at 0 °C for 2 min and control oysters without treatment were evaluated over 3 wk. The texture and tissue yield percentages of oysters HHP treated at 300 MPa, RT increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to control. Aerobic and psychrotrophic bacteria in control oysters reached the spoilage point of 7 log CFU/g after 15 d. Coliform counts (log MPN/g) were low during storage with total and fecal coliforms less than 3.5 and 1.0. High pressure treated oysters at 500 MPa at 0 °C were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than oysters HHP treated at 300 MPa at 0 °C in lipid oxidation values. The highest pressure (500 MPa) treatment in this study, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased unsaturated fatty acid percentage compared to control. The glycogen content of control oysters at 3 wk was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when compared to HHP treated oysters [300 MPa, (RT); 450 MPa (0 °C); and 500 MPa (0 °C)]. HHP treatments of oysters were not significantly different in pH, percent salt extractable protein (SEP), and total lipid values compared to control. Based on our results, HHP prolongs the physical, microbial, and chemical quality of oysters.
Potent Antidiabetic Activity and Metabolite Profiling of Melicope Lunu‐ankenda Leaves
Authors: AL‐Zuaidy Mizher Hezam , Hamid Azizah Abdul , Ismail Amin , Mohamed Suhaila , Abdul Razis Ahmad Faizal , Mumtaz Muhammad Waseem , Salleh Syafiq Zikri 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is normally characterized by chronic hyperglycemia associated with disturbances in the fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. There is an increasing trend of using natural products instead of synthetic agents as alternative therapy for disorders due to their fewer side effects. In this study, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of different Melicope lunu‐ankenda (ML) ethanolic extracts were evaluated using inhibition of α‐glucosidase and 2,2‐diphenyl‐l‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging activity, respectively; whereas, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometric (UHPLC‐MS/MS) techniques were used for metabolite profiling of ML leaf extracts at different concentrations of ethanol and water. Sixty percent of ethanolic ML extract showed highest inhibitory effect against α‐glucosidase enzyme (IC50 of 37 μg/mL) and DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 of 48 μg/mL). Antidiabetic effect of ML extracts was also evaluated in vivo and it was found that the high doses (400 mg/Kg BW) of ML extract exhibited high suppression in fasting blood glucose level by 62.75%. The metabolites responsible for variation among ML samples with variable ethanolic levels have been evaluated successfully using 1H‐NMR–based metabolomics. The principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares(PLS) analysis scores depicted clear and distinct separations into 4 clusters representing the 4 ethanolic concentrations by PC1 and PC2, with an eigenvalue of 69.9%. Various 1H‐NMR chemical shifts related to the metabolites responsible for sample difference were also ascribed. The main bioactive compounds identified attributing toward the separation included: isorhamnetin, skimmianine, scopoletin, and melicarpinone. Hence, ML may be used as promising medicinal plant for the development of new functional foods, new generation antidiabetic drugs, as a single entity phytomedicine or in combinational therapy.
The Hypolipidemic Effect of Total Saponins from Kuding Tea in High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Hyperlipidemic Mice and Its Composition Characterized by UPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS
Authors: Song Chengwu , Yu Qingsong , Li Xiaohua , Jin Shuna , Li Sen , Zhang Yang , Jia Shuailong , Chen Cheng , Xiang Yi , Jiang Hongliang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractKuding tea are used as a traditional tea material and widely consumed in China. In this study, total saponins (TS) from water extract of Kuding tea was prepared by D101 macroporous resins and analyzed by UPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS. Then the hypolipidemic effect of TS extract was investigated in high‐fat diet‐induced hyperlipidemic mice. For comprehensive identification or characterization of saponins in TS extract, 3 major saponins of Kudinoside A, Kudinoside F, and Kudinoside D were isolated and used as standards to investigate the MS/MS fragmentation pattern. As a result, 52 saponins were identified or characterized in TS extract from Kuding tea. In addition, the increased levels of mice serum TC, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, and atherogenic index (AI) were significantly reduced after the treatment of TS extract. Also, the liver protective effect of TS extract was obviously judged from the photographs stained with oil red‐O staining. Meanwhile, TS extract significantly upregulated the expression of hepatic scavenger receptors including SR‐AI, SR‐BI, and CD36. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the overexpression of hepatic scavenger receptors was involved in the hypolipidemic effect of Kuding tea on the high‐fat diet‐induced hyperlipidemic mice. The TS extract could influence these scavenger receptors, and this could be the potential mechanism of TS extract from Kuding tea in the treatment of lipid disorders. These results give the evidence that the saponins in Kuding tea could provide benefits in managing hypercholesterolemia and may be a good candidate for development as a functional food and nutraceutical.
Muscle rupture associated with statin use
Authors: Ekhart Corine , de Jong Loek , Gross‐Martirosyan Liana , van Hunsel Florence 
Published: April 2016

AIMStatins are used in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. They are among the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide. Statins have been linked to musculoskeletal adverse drug reactions. However muscle rupture has not been discussed as an adverse drug reaction to statins so far. The aim of this article is to give an overview of cases of muscle rupture associated with the use of statins.METHODWe analyzed the cases of muscle rupture associated with the use of statins that were collected by the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb complemented with the review of cases from the EudraVigilance database.RESULTSFifteen cases of muscle rupture associated with statin use have been identified in the database of the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre. Overall, there was a plausible temporal association of events in most cases. In addition, the EudraVigilance database contained 165 reports of muscle rupture reported in patients using statins. Muscle rupture was disproportionally associated with statin use in both databases. The reporting odds ratio was 23.4 (95% CI 11.9, 46.0) and 14.6 (95% CI 12.3, 17.2), respectively.CONCLUSIONData from spontaneous reporting systems suggest that use of statins is associated with muscle rupture. Physicians and patients should be aware that this can occur.
Use of wide‐screen, high‐definition monitors for improving adenoma detection: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Mills Douglas , Spyratos Tilemahos , Haider Ali , Sulo Suela , Laurie Timothy 
Published: April 2016

Background and AimColonoscopy is sensitive at detecting large polyps; however, a significant polyp miss rate is still recognized. Indicators such as the adenoma detection rate (ADR) and, more recently, the adenoma per colonoscopy rate (APC) are increasingly used to ensure quality in colonoscopy. We carried out a prospective, randomized, controlled study evaluating improvement in adenoma detection between wide‐screen, high‐definition (WSHD) monitors compared to standard monitors (SD).MethodsPatients undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy were randomized to a WSHD room or SD. Polyp size, location, shape, and histology were recorded. Right‐sided polyps were considered to be those proximal to the splenic flexure.ResultsA total of 152 patients were enrolled in the study, with 78 (51.3%) and 74 (48.7%) enrolled in the WSHD and SD groups, respectively. A 10% absolute difference in favor of the WSHD group was noted for the ADR (41% vs 31% patients); however, the difference was statistically not significant. In the WSHD and SD groups, APC of 0.9 ± 1.4 versus 0.7 ± 1.4 (P = 0.49) were noted, respectively. For polyps <5 mm, an ADR of 0.3 ± 0.4 versus 0.2 ± 0.4 (P = 0.34) and APC of 0.5 ± 1.1 versus 0.2 ± 0.5 (P = 0.06) were seen in the WSHD and SD groups.ConclusionThis study shows a trend toward improvement in ADR, with an increase in APC for small adenomas that approaches statistical significance. WSHD monitors are a one‐time, low‐cost intervention for improving the quality of colonoscopy with potentially favorable outcomes.
Survey on fatigue strength of cast bronzes intended for marine propellers
Authors: Bertoglio C. , Rizzo C. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe proper characterization of cast materials is rather challenging because of wide deviations of material features due to the fabrication process.In the frame of propeller design, a recently proposed fatigue assessment procedure highlighted the need of reliable fatigue strength characterization of cast bronzes. With the aim of obtaining reference S–N curves to support the fatigue assessment of propeller blades and to evaluate the effect on fatigue strength of the most influencing parameters, a comprehensive literature survey was carried out. It appeared that fatigue strength of cast bronzes is quite challenging to evaluate, firstly, because the properties may considerably differ from small specimens to real blades and, secondly, because relatively few experimental data are openly available.
Physical exercise, pain and musculoskeletal function in patients with haemophilia: a systematic review
Authors: Schäfer G. S. , Valderramas S. , Gomes A. R. , Budib M. B. , Wolff Á. L. P. , Ramos A. A. T. 
Published: April 2016

IntroductionExercise can provide numerous benefits to haemophilia patients, including bleeding reduction in muscles and joints.AimThis systematic review (SR) aims to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on pain and the musculoskeletal function of patients with hemophilia.MethodsLiterature searches of Pubmed, Web of Science, PEDro, Cochrane, Clinical Trials SciELO and Lilacs were performed. The risks of bias were measured using the JADAD scale.ResultsNine controlled clinical trials were included in the SR.ConclusionPhysical exercise can promote a reduction in the perception of pain and can increase ROM and muscle strength in haemophilia patients. Future RCTs with greater methodological rigor that focus on the parameters used to prescribe exercises are necessary.
Nurses experiences discussing sexuality with urinary catheter patients
Authors: Baker‐Green Rachel 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe aim of this article was to establish registered nurses experiences of discussing sexuality with urinary catheter patients.A urinary catheter is used to provide drainage for those people who are unable to drain their bladder independently. Urinary catheters can cause issues with sex, sexuality and body image.This is a qualitative research study using thematic concept analysis to review data. The study used semi‐structured interviews that were audio‐taped during 2015. Nine community nurses participated in this study.Four themes emerged: the importance of the nurse–patient relationship, peer support and role models, maintaining professionalism and lack of experience, training and knowledge. The nurses reported barriers that they felt discouraged them from discussing sexuality, such as their own lack of knowledge, discussing sexuality with older people, nurse embarrassment and causing patient embarrassment.Nurses at all levels were reluctant to discuss issues relating to a patients' sexuality, and they were often uncomfortable doing so. Further training is required for nurses in supporting urinary catheter patients with sexual quality of life. Nursing assessments that allow sexuality to be assessed as part of any holistic nursing assessment are needed in practice. More acknowledgement of older urinary catheter users' sexual quality of life is required by nurses. It is the responsibility of the nurse to address any issues relating to a patients' sexuality with a urinary catheter as part of holistic care.
The scaling of postcranial muscles in cats (Felidae) I: forelimb, cervical, and thoracic muscles
Authors: Cuff Andrew R. , Sparkes Emily L. , Randau Marcela , Pierce Stephanie E. , Kitchener Andrew C. , Goswami Anjali , Hutchinson John R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe body masses of cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae) span a ~300‐fold range from the smallest to largest species. Despite this range, felid musculoskeletal anatomy remains remarkably conservative, including the maintenance of a crouched limb posture at unusually large sizes. The forelimbs in felids are important for body support and other aspects of locomotion, as well as climbing and prey capture, with the assistance of the vertebral (and hindlimb) muscles. Here, we examine the scaling of the anterior postcranial musculature across felids to assess scaling patterns between different species spanning the range of felid body sizes. The muscle architecture (lengths and masses of the muscle‐tendon unit components) for the forelimb, cervical and thoracic muscles was quantified to analyse how the muscles scale with body mass. Our results demonstrate that physiological cross‐sectional areas of the forelimb muscles scale positively with increasing body mass (i.e. becoming relatively larger). Many significantly allometric variables pertain to shoulder support, whereas the rest of the limb muscles become relatively weaker in larger felid species. However, when phylogenetic relationships were corrected for, most of these significant relationships disappeared, leaving no significantly allometric muscle metrics. The majority of cervical and thoracic muscle metrics are not significantly allometric, despite there being many allometric skeletal elements in these regions. When forelimb muscle data were considered in isolation or in combination with those of the vertebral muscles in principal components analyses and MANOVAs, there was no significant discrimination among species by either size or locomotory mode. Our results support the inference that larger felid species have relatively weaker anterior postcranial musculature compared with smaller species, due to an absence of significant positive allometry of forelimb or vertebral muscle architecture. This difference in strength is consistent with behavioural changes in larger felids, such as a reduction of maximal speed and other aspects of locomotor abilities.
Objective diagnosis of arrested labor on transperineal ultrasound
Authors: Nishimura Kazuaki , Yoshimura Kazuaki , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Hachisuga Toru 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimRecent developments in transperineal ultrasound imaging of the pelvis have prompted trials to objectively evaluate labor progression for labor management. We evaluated the accuracy of transperineal ultrasound in diagnosing arrest of labor.MethodsTransperineal ultrasound and digital pelvic examinations were performed simultaneously in 63 term laboring patients (singleton fetuses in cephalic presentation). We analyzed a total of 216 ultrasound images (Sonography Volume Computer Aided Display Labor [Sono VCAD Labor®] installed in Voluson E8 ultrasound). We examined the correlation between the three ultrasound parameters head direction (HD), progression distance (PD), and progression angle (PA), and digital pelvic examination findings during labor in a transvaginal delivery group and an arrested labor group.ResultsThe coefficient of correlations between HD/PD/PA and cervical dilation/fetal station were 0.667/0.657/0.706 and 0.667/0.751/0.803, respectively. The three parameters had strong correlations with digital pelvic examination (P < 0.05). In the 11 cases (17%) of cesarean section due to arrested labor, the position of the fetal head was visually unchanged on sequential ultrasound images. According to receiver operating characteristic curves, the significant cut‐offs for HD, PD, and PA for arrested labor were 105° (P = 0.048), 35 mm (P = 0.048), and 120° (P = 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsTransperineal ultrasound imaging is helpful for objective evaluation of labor progression and the diagnosis of arrested labor.
Reduced glutathione in hepatitis E infection and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Bhatnagar Gunjan , Sharma Sheetal , Kumar Ashok , Prasad Sudha , Agarwal Sarita , Kar Premashish 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimTo study reduced glutathione (GSH) as a marker of oxidative stress in hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection during pregnancy, and to clarify its association with pregnancy outcome.MethodsA total of 30 pregnant and 30 non‐pregnant women with HEV infection were enrolled in the present study, along with 30 age‐ and gestation‐matched healthy pregnant controls. Serum GSH was measured using commercially available enzyme‐linked immunoassay kit.ResultsSignificantly lower GSH was observed in HEV‐infected pregnant women than in healthy pregnant controls (10.44 ng/mL vs 19.77 ng/mL; P < 0.01). No significant association was observed between GSH and pregnant women and non‐pregnant women with HEV infection (P = 0.54). Serum GSH ≤10.88 ng/mL was more likely to be associated with HEV infection during pregnancy, with sensitivity and specificity of 73.3%. Lower GSH was observed in pregnant women with HEV infection having preterm delivery and low birthweight newborns compared with healthy pregnant women (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Serum GSH was lower in pregnant women with HEV infection who had stillbirth compared with those having live births (7.21 ng/mL vs 6.12 ng/mL, P = 0.60).ConclusionOxidative stress is present in HEV infection during pregnancy, as shown by low GSH, and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Serum GSH ≤10.88 ng/mL during pregnancy can be used for risk stratification for HEV infection.
A novel pathway of arsenate detoxification
Authors: Zhao Fang‐Jie 
Published: April 2016

SummaryMicroorganisms have evolved various mechanisms to detoxify arsenic, an ubiquitous environmental toxin. Known mechanisms include arsenite efflux, arsenate reduction followed by arsenite efflux and arsenite methylation. In this issue, Chen et al. describe a novel mechanism for arsenate detoxification via synergistic interaction of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and a major facilitator superfamily protein (ArsJ). They propose that GAPDH catalyzes the formation of 1‐arseno‐3‐phosphoglycerate, which is then extruded out of the cell by ArsJ. The significance of this pathway and questions for further research are discussed.
Photoperiod‐dependent changes in the phase of core clock transcripts and global transcriptional outputs at dawn and dusk in Arabidopsis
Authors: Flis Anna , Sulpice Ronan , Seaton Daniel D. , Ivakov Alexander A. , Liput Magda , Abel Christin , Millar Andrew J. , Stitt Mark 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPlants use the circadian clock to sense photoperiod length. Seasonal responses like flowering are triggered at a critical photoperiod when a light‐sensitive clock output coincides with light or darkness. However, many metabolic processes, like starch turnover, and growth respond progressively to photoperiod duration. We first tested the photoperiod response of 10 core clock genes and two output genes. qRT‐PCR analyses of transcript abundance under 6, 8, 12 and 18 h photoperiods revealed 1–4 h earlier peak times under short photoperiods and detailed changes like rising PRR7 expression before dawn. Clock models recapitulated most of these changes. We explored the consequences for global gene expression by performing transcript profiling in 4, 6, 8, 12 and 18 h photoperiods. There were major changes in transcript abundance at dawn, which were as large as those between dawn and dusk in a given photoperiod. Contributing factors included altered timing of the clock relative to dawn, light signalling and changes in carbon availability at night as a result of clock‐dependent regulation of starch degradation. Their interaction facilitates coordinated transcriptional regulation of key processes like starch turnover, anthocyanin, flavonoid and glucosinolate biosynthesis and protein synthesis and underpins the response of metabolism and growth to photoperiod.
Attachment insecurity and inducing guilt to produce desired change in romantic partners
Authors: JAYAMAHA SHANUKI D. , ANTONELLIS CHRISTIAN , OVERALL NICKOLA C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThree studies examined the links between attachment insecurity and the use and effectiveness of inducing guilt to produce change in romantic partners (negative‐indirect partner regulation strategies). Individuals higher in attachment anxiety engaged in more negative‐indirect partner regulation strategies (Studies 1–3), but the effectiveness of negative‐indirect strategies depended on targeted partners' attachment avoidance. Targets higher in attachment avoidance reported regulation agents were less successful (Study 1) and reported less motivation to change across time (Study 2) when agents used more negative‐indirect regulation strategies. Negative‐indirect strategies during couples' conflict discussions were also associated with lower problem resolution when targets were higher in avoidance (Study 3). These results provide the first demonstration that target characteristics moderate the effectiveness of negative‐indirect regulation strategies.
DesignD-Optimal Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Experiments
Authors: Saleh Moein , Kao Ming-Hung , Pan Rong 
Published: April 2016

SummaryNew computer algorithms for finding D-optimal designs of stimulus sequence for functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments are proposed. Although functional MRI data are commonly analysed by linear models, the construction of a functional MRI design matrix is much more complicated than in conventional experimental design problems. Inspired by the widely used exchange algorithm technique, our proposed approach implements a greedy search strategy over the vast functional MRI design space for a D-optimal design. Compared with a recently proposed genetic algorithm, our algorithms are superior in terms of computing time and achieved design efficiency in both single-objective and multiobjective problems. In addition, the algorithms proposed are sufficiently flexible to incorporate a constraint that requires the exact number of appearances of each type of stimulus in a design. This realistic design issue is unfortunately not well handled by existing methods.
Quantile Residual Life Regression with Longitudinal Biomarker Measurements for Dynamic Prediction
Authors: Li Ruosha , Huang Xuelin , Cortes Jorge 
Published: April 2016

SummaryResidual life is of great interest to patients with life threatening disease. It is also important for clinicians who estimate prognosis and make treatment decisions. Quantile residual life has emerged as a useful summary measure of the residual life. It has many desirable features, such as robustness and easy interpretation. In many situations, the longitudinally collected biomarkers during patients' follow-up visits carry important prognostic value. In this work, we study quantile regression methods that allow for dynamic predictions of the quantile residual life, by flexibly accommodating the post-baseline biomarker measurements in addition to the baseline covariates. We propose unbiased estimating equations that can be solved via existing L1-minimization algorithms. The resulting estimators have desirable asymptotic properties and satisfactory finite sample performance. We apply our method to a study of chronic myeloid leukaemia to demonstrate its usefulness as a dynamic prediction tool.