bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress of Thin Crystal Engineering for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cheng Xiao , Gan Xinguang , Jin Gan , Chen Zhaolai , Li Ning 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskite single crystals hold promise for photovoltaics with high efficiency and stability due to their superior optoelectronic properties and weak bulk ion migration. The past several years have witnessed rapid development of single‐crystal perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with efficiency rocketed from 6.5 % to 24.3 %, however, which still lags behind their polycrystalline counterparts. Moreover, the poor device stability under light illumination is contrary to the high ion migration barrier of perovskite single crystals. The key limiting factors should be the low crystalline quality and high surface defect density of solution‐grown thin single crystals. Under this circumstance, a review paper summarizing the recent progress and challenges will be instructive for future development of this emerging field. In this manuscript, the crystal engineering used to enhance carrier transport and suppress carrier recombination in vertical single‐crystal PSCs will be summarized initially, including crystal growth, component control, surface and interface modification. Subsequently, the application of perovskite single crystals in lateral single‐crystal PSCs will be discussed and compared with the conventionally vertical structure. Finally, the challenges and proposed strategies for the development of single‐crystal PSCs are provided.
Aromatic Poly(dithioacetal)s: Spanning Degradability, Thermostability, and High Refractive Index Towards Eco‐friendly Optics
Authors: Watanabe Seigo , Yano Tomoya , An Zexin , Oyaizu Kenichi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the quest for eco‐friendly optics, high refractive index polymers (HRIPs) with degradability have been one of the desirable optical materials for realizing eco‐friendly and efficient lighting technologies. However, it has been challenging for HRIPs to simultaneously realize thermostability, high refractive index (RI), visible transparency, and efficient degradability, all of which are essential for their practical use. In this context, we herein focus on aromatic poly(dithioacetal)s, composed of visible‐transparent yet degradable dithioacetal moieties and rigid phenylene sulfide spacers, exhibiting moderately high Tg (> 60 °C), high RI (> 1.7), and colorless film features. In addition, poly(dithioacetal)s can balance (1) high stability under the operating conditions even upon heating and (2) quantitative degradability that can selectively yield cyclic low‐molecular‐weight products that can be further repolymerized upon further addition of an acid catalyst. These results provide a key concept for high refractive index polymers that allow on‐demand degradability and recyclability without compromising their high potential thermal and optical properties.
Single‐cell and spatial omics unravel the spatiotemporal biology of tumour border invasion and haematogenous metastasis
Authors: Cheng Xifu , Cao Yuke , Liu Xiangyi , Li Yuanheng , Li Qing , Gao Dian , Yu Qiongfang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSolid tumours exhibit a well‐defined architecture, comprising a differentiated core and a dynamic border that interfaces with the surrounding tissue. This border, characterised by distinct cellular morphology and molecular composition, serves as a critical determinant of the tumour's invasive behaviour. Notably, the invasive border of the primary tumour represents the principal site for intravasation of metastatic cells. These cells, known as circulating tumour cells (CTCs), function as ‘seeds’ for distant dissemination and display remarkable heterogeneity. Advancements in spatial sequencing technology are progressively unveiling the spatial biological features of tumours. However, systematic investigations specifically targeting the characteristics of the tumour border remain scarce. In this comprehensive review, we illuminate key biological insights along the tumour body‐border‐haematogenous metastasis axis over the past five years. We delineate the distinctive landscape of tumour invasion boundaries and delve into the intricate heterogeneity and phenotype of CTCs, which orchestrate haematogenous metastasis. These insights have the potential to explain the basis of tumour invasion and distant metastasis, offering new perspectives for the development of more complex and precise clinical interventions and treatments.
Novel and active Bi2Zr1.9M0.1O7 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) catalysts for soot particle removal: Engineering surface with rich oxygen defects via partial substitution of Zr‐site
Authors: Zhang Shijing , Wang Ping , Li Yuting , Liu Haojun , Shen Jiating , Xu Xianglan , Xu Junwei , Fang Xiuzhong , Wang Xiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo obtain more cost‐effective, non‐noble catalysts for soot particle combustion of diesel engine cars, Bi2Zr1.9M0.1O7 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) compounds with partial lattice substitution have been designed and synthesized. All the substituted catalysts show significantly promoted activity, in the order of Bi2Zr2O7 < Bi2Zr1.9Ni0.1O7 < Bi2Zr1.9Co0.1O7 < Bi2Zr1.9Fe0.1O7 < Bi2Zr1.9Mn0.1O7. The presence of NO improves the activity of all the samples due to the generation of active surface nitrates/nitrites. It has been proven that all the modified catalysts possess weaker Zr–O bonds, which facilitates the generation of more surface defects. Density functional theory calculations have confirmed that a more defective catalyst has a lower vacancy formation energy and O2 adsorption energy. Isotopic 18O2 labeling has also substantiated that a more defective catalyst has a faster gaseous O2 exchange rate, thus improving the generation of more abundant soot reactive oxygen sites. The weakening of Zr‐O bonds is the inherent factor to improve the catalytic activity. Mn‐substitution can lead to the weakest Zr‐O bonds in Bi2Zr1.9Mn0.1O7, which thus shows the optimal catalytic activity. Notably, the complete soot combustion can be achieved even at 360°C on this catalyst.
Towards a Standardized Operating Procedure for eDNA‐Based Biomonitoring in Coastal Marine Salmon Aquaculture
Authors: Oladi Mahshid , Wilding Thomas A. , Wyness Adam , Stoeck Thorsten 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe marine aquaculture industry and regulators are in the process of implementing environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding of microbial communities for compliance monitoring. This requires standardization of sampling, laboratory, and data analysis protocols. Towards this goal, we in this study completed two further milestones using samples collected from two Scottish salmon farms: (i) We tested the effect of using two different PCR protocols (i.e., different DNA polymerases, master mixes, and annealing temperatures), which are frequently being used in eDNA biomonitoring of aquaculture installations, for the amplification of the taxonomic marker gene (V3‐V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene). (ii) We quantified sampling background noise obtained from eDNA samples and statistically compared results with the sampling bias observed in macrofaunal samples from the same source sediments. We detected differences in bacterial community structures resulting from the performance of different PCR protocols, profoundly influencing the interpretation of biomonitoring results. Furthermore, we found that sampling‐induced errors for eDNA samples were similar to errors for macrofaunal samples collected according to compliance monitoring protocol (~25% variability in both cases). Finally, we showed that within‐grab variances of microbial community structures were in the same order of magnitude (less than 10× difference in all cases) as the one obtained from replicate grabs collected from the same locale (impact category). Based on our findings, we suggest using a consistent PCR protocol for biomonitoring efforts to improve the comparability of results, especially when different service providers are conducting the biomonitoring. We propose a sampling scheme to be considered in eDNA biomonitoring that includes taking three replicate grabs at each locale, with one replicate sample from each grab. This minimizes sampling‐induced errors and makes upcoming eDNA‐based monitoring results comparable with previous compliance monitoring results obtained from macrofaunal data.
Intracardiac energy inefficiency during decompensated and compensated heart failure
Authors: Kawaji Tetsuma , Kaneda Kazuhisa , Yaku Hidenori , Bao Bingyuan , Hojo Shun , Tezuka Yuji , Matsuda Shintaro , Shiomi Hiroki , Kato Masashi , Yokomatsu Takafumi , Miki Shinji , Ono Koh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsThe mechanisms underlying the acute decompensation of heart failure (HF) remain unclear. The present study examined intracardiac dynamics during decompensated HF using echo‐vector flow mapping.Methods and resultsFifty patients admitted for decompensated HF were prospectively enrolled, and intracardiac energy loss (EL) was assessed by echo‐vector flow mapping at admission (decompensated HF) and discharge (compensated HF). Outcome measures were average EL in the left ventricle (LV) in decompensated and compensated HF and were compared with those in 40 stable non‐HF patients with cardiovascular diseases. The mean age of HF patients was 80.8 ± 12.4 years. The prevalence of both females and atrial fibrillation was 48.0%. The prevalence of HF with a reduced ejection fraction (<40%) (HFrEF) was 34.0%. The prevalence of decompensated HF classified into clinical scenario 1 was 33.3%. Blood pressure and NT‐proBNP were significantly higher in decompensated HF than in compensated HF, while the ejection fraction (EF) was significantly lower. Average EL was significantly higher in compensated HF patients than in non‐HF patients (40 mW/m·L vs. 26 mW/m·L, P = 0.047). A multivariable analysis identified age, systolic blood pressure, LVEF, and the absence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as independent risk factors for high LV‐EL regardless of the presence of HF. Furthermore, average EL in HF patients was significantly higher under acute decompensated conditions than under compensated conditions (55 mE/m·L vs. 40 mE/m·L, [+18 mE/m·L, P = 0.03]). Higher EL under decompensated HF conditions was significant in non‐HFrEF (+19 mW/m·L, P = 0.009) and clinical scenario 1 (+23 mW/m·L, P = 0.008). The multivariable analysis identified eGFR as an independent risk factor for a decrease in average LV‐EL under decompensated conditions.ConclusionsEnergy inefficiency in LV was apparent even in stable HF patients and significant under acute decompensated conditions, particularly in HF with preserved EF and clinical scenario 1.
Real‐world data on Empagliflozin and Dapagliflozin use in patients with HEART failure: The RED–HEART study
Authors: Kocabas Umut , Ergin Isil , Yavuz Veysel , Altın Cihan , Kaplan Mehmet , Yılmaz Öztekin Gülsüm Meral , Doğduş Mustafa , Murat Selda , Murat Bektaş , Kıvrak Tarık , Karabulut Dilay , Kaya Ersin , Özdemir İbrahim Halil , Yıldız Cennet , Salkın Fatma Özge , Özçalık Emre , Polatkan Şeyda Günay , Çakan Fahri , Şen Taner , Karabulut Umut , Çakal Sinem , Oflar Ersan , Sinan Ümit Yaşar , Yenerçağ Mustafa , Türk Uğur Önsel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsWe aimed to determine the use of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and to identify clinical factors associated with their use in patients with heart failure (HF) in a real‐life setting.MethodsReal‐world data on Empagliflozin and Dapagliflozin use in patients with HEART failure: The RED–HEART study is a multicentre, cross‐sectional and observational study that included HF patients in the outpatient setting regardless of ejection fraction from 19 cardiology centres between August 2023 and December 2023.ResultsThe study population consisted of 1923 patients with HF, predominantly men (61.2%), with a median age of 66 (range: 19–101) years. Overall, 925 patients (48.1%) were receiving SGLT2is. Among the study population, 22.1% had HF with preserved ejection fraction, 21.5% had HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction, 56.4% had HF with reduced ejection fraction and the use of SGLT2is was 42.0%, 47.9% and 50.6% in each group, respectively (P = 0.012). The use of SGLT2is was 76.6% in patients with HF and diabetes, 19.8% in patients with HF and chronic kidney disease and 26.8% in patients without diabetes and chronic kidney disease (P < 0.001). Higher education level [odds ratio (OR): 1.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–3.05; P = 0.027], higher household income (OR: 3.46; 95% CI: 1.27–9.42; P = 0.015), New York Heart Association functional class IV (OR: 2.72; 95% CI: 1.16–6.35; P = 0.021), diabetes (OR: 9.42; 95% CI: 6.72–13.20; P < 0.001), the use of angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors (ARNis) (OR: 4.09; 95% CI: 2.39–7.01; P < 0.001), the use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) (OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.49–2.75; P < 0.001), the use of loop diuretics (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.18–2.22; P = 0.003) and the use of thiazide diuretics (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.30–2.29; P < 0.001) were independently associated with the use of SGLT2is. Conversely, atrial fibrillation (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.45–0.88; P = 0.008), chronic kidney disease (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.37–0.76; P = 0.001), the use of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48–0.98; P = 0.042) and the use of statins (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49–0.91; P = 0.010) were independently associated with the non‐use of SGLT2is.ConclusionsThe RED–HEART study provided comprehensive real‐world data about implementing SGLT2is in patients with HF. These results suggest that there is a need for organized action and close collaboration between healthcare providers to improve the implementation of SGLT2is, especially in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction and chronic kidney disease.
Molecular Break Junction: A Stage for Redox Transformations
Authors: Neogi Ishita , S Haritha , Sebastian Anjitha , Achankunju Simi , Mohanty Gourab , Nanda Parida Keshaba 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn exceptionally brilliant strategy to miniaturize electronic devices is to employ a single‐molecule between two electrodes for carrier conduction at single‐molecule break junctions (SMBJ). To understand the intrinsic mechanisms of operation at these junctions, extremely crucial is to study physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties employing single‐molecules at SMBJs. Further, redox‐based transformations at the nano‐junction could be achieved electrochemically to allow efficient switching between different redox states of a single‐molecule, showcasing the possibility of maneuvering transport properties with on‐off states of the molecule. Herein, are presented the fundamentals of SMBJs, and the electrochemically influenced transformations or switching of organic molecules pursued at SMBJs. Such an understanding of electrochemical phenomena at the nanoscale dimension could bridge the knowledge gap between macroscopic electronic circuits and single‐molecule electronic circuits, whereby the feasibility of switching between the states could maneuver the electronic properties as well as other photophysical parameters.
Continuous measurement of interstitial glycaemia in professional female UCI world tour cyclists undertaking a 9‐day cycle training camp
Authors: Hamilton Ross , McCarthy Olivia M. , Bain Stephen C. , Bracken Richard M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNine cyclists (age: 26 ± 5 years, height: 168 ± 5 cm and mass 58.5 ± 4.5 kg) were observed using continuous glucose monitoring devices throughout a training camp. Interstitial glucose [iG] data were captured via the Abbott libre sense biosensor (Abbott Laboratories) and paired with the Supersapiens software (TT1 Products Inc.). [iG] data were split into time ranges, that is, overall (24‐hourly), day‐time (06:00–23:59), night‐time (00:00–05:59) and exercise. [iG] data were stratified into percentage of time, below range ([TBR] < 70 mg/dl), in range ([TIR] 70–140 mg/dl) and above range ([TAR] ≥ 141 mg/dl). Differences in diurnal and nocturnal data were analysed via repeated measures analysis of variance and paired t‐tests where appropriate. p‐value of ≤0.05 was accepted as significant. Riders spent an average of 3 ± 1% TAR, 93 ± 2% TIR and 8 ± 3% TBR. Mean 24 h [iG] was 93 ± 2 mg/dl with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 18 ± 1%. Mean (day: 95 ± 3 vs. night: 86 ± 3 mg/dl and p < 0.001) and CV (day: 18 ± 1 vs. night: 9 ± 1% and p < 0.001) in [iG] were higher during the day‐time hours. TAR was greater during the day (day: 3 ± 1 vs. night: 0 ± 0% and p < 0.001) but TBR and TIR were similar. Glucose levels below the clinical range may have implications for those without diabetes and warrants further investigation.
Unveiling variability: A systematic review of reproducibility in visual EEG analysis, with focus on seizures
Authors: Aanestad Eivind , Beniczky Sándor , Olberg Henning , Brogger Jan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveReproducibility is key for diagnostic tests involving subjective evaluation by experts. Our aim was to systematically review the reproducibility of visual analysis in clinical electroencephalogram (EEG). In this paper, we give data on the scope of EEG features found, and detailed reproducibility data for the most studied feature.MethodsWe searched four databases for articles reporting reproducibility in clinical EEG, until June 2023. Two raters screened 24 553 citations, and then 2736 full texts. Quality was assessed according to the GRRAS guidelines.ResultsWe found 275 studies (268 interrater and 20 intrarater), addressing 606 different EEG features. Only 38 EEG features had been studied in >2 studies. Most studies had <50 patients and EEGs. The most often addressed feature was seizure detection (62 papers). Interrater reproducibility of seizure detection was substantial‐to‐almost‐perfect with experienced raters and raw EEG (kappa .62–.88). With experienced raters and transformed EEG, reproducibility was substantial (kappa .63–.70). Inexperienced raters had lower reproducibility. Seizure lateralization reproducibility was moderate to substantial (kappa .58–.77) but lower than for seizure detection.SignificanceMost EEG reproducibility studies are done only once. Intrarater studies are rare. The reproducibility of visual EEG analysis is variable. Interrater reproducibility for seizure detection is substantial‐to‐perfect with experienced raters and raw EEG, less with inexperienced raters or transformed EEG.The results of visual EEG analysis vary within the same rater, and between raters. There is a need for larger collaborative studies, using improved methodology, as well as more intrarater studies of EEG interpretation.
Soil erosion estimation in a catchment with implemented soil and water conservation measures
Authors: Wang He , Ji Xiang , Wang Xiaopeng , Zhang Yue , Jiang Fangshi , Huang Yanhe , Lin Jinshi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe variations in soil erosion significantly impact regional ecological security. Under rapid urbanisation, extensive ecological restoration and climate change, soil erosion development in the red soil region of southern China is ambiguous. Therefore, this study investigated the current (1980s–2020) and future (2050) erosion characteristics in a typical soil erosion control catchment (Changting section catchment) in this region by using the Cellular Automata Markov model and CMIP6 data to predict future scenarios and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation to estimate soil erosion. The results showed significant changes in the vegetation coverage of major land uses from 1980s to 2020, which was mainly caused by continuous soil and water conservation (SWC). The land use subtypes that were obtained by reclassifying land use based on the threshold of vegetation cover on soil erosion control, reflect a continuous transformation from those with poor SWC effectiveness to those with great SWC effectiveness. Therefore, the estimated soil erosion intensity continued to decrease from 1980s to 2020, and the contribution of land use/land cover (LULC) impacts ranged from 74%–195%. However, predictions of land use subtypes indicated that LULC may be stable after 2020; thus, soil erosion changed little when the climate was almost unchanged in 2050. Under climate change scenarios, soil erosion may increase by 111%–121%, and the contribution of precipitation impacts was 63%–66%. The major driving factor of soil erosion changes may shift from LULC to precipitation after 2020. Therefore, in the future, the potential for reducing soil erosion by vegetation restoration may be limited, and more engineering measures should be applied to address the erosion risk caused by climate changes. This study provides prospects for land use/land cover and soil erosion in the red soil region of southern China.
Exploiting the synergy of SARIMA and XGBoost for spatiotemporal earthquake time series forecasting
Authors: Kaushal Arush , Gupta Ashok Kumar , Sehgal Vivek Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEarthquakes are vibrations that occur on the surface of earth, generating fires, ground shaking, tsunamis, landslides and cracks. These incidents can cause severe damage and loss of life. Accurate earthquake forecasts are critical for anticipating and mitigating these hazards, which can avoid damage to buildings and infrastructure and save lives. To address the challenges given by earthquakes probabilistic nature, this paper presents a hybrid SARIMA–XGBoost approach to earthquake magnitude prediction. The suggested technique consists of a two‐step process: an exploration phase that uses exploratory data analysis, which includes descriptive statistics and data visualisation, and a prediction phase that focusses on forecasting future earthquakes. Using a large significant earthquake dataset spanning 1965–2023, the study intends to gain insights and lessons for more effective earthquake prediction methods. Further, in a comparison analysis, the results of SARIMA‐XGBoost model are compared to those of traditional ARIMA and SARIMA models. The results highlight the superior performance of the hybrid SARIMA–XGBoost model, showcasing a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.038, a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.0040, and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.068. These metrics collectively underscore the model's enhanced accuracy in forecasting earthquake magnitudes. The notably low values of MAE, MSE and RMSE indicate that our hybrid approach significantly improves prediction accuracy compared to alternative models. By integrating SARIMA's time series (TS) analysis with XGBoost's machine learning (ML) capabilities, the hybrid model reduces forecasting errors more effectively, demonstrating its clear advantage in precision.