bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Soil Magnetic Properties to Determine the Onset of Pleistocene Human Settlement at Gledswood Shelter 1, Northern Australia
Authors: Lowe Kelsey M. , Shulmeister James , Feinberg Joshua M. , Manne Tiina , Wallis Lynley A. , Welsh Kevin 
Published: March 2016

In regions that lack built structures or stratified open archaeological sites, such as precolonial Australia, rockshelters are a major source of detailed information for understanding the nature and timing of human occupation. A key concern is that the proposed ages for the earliest archaeological sites are based on luminescence dating of sediments, rather than directly of cultural materials, leaving the association between the sediments and evidence of human activity questionable. Here, we present evidence of magnetic enhancement associated with cultural horizons within the deposits of a Pleistocene rockshelter in interior northern Queensland. Soil magnetic studies combined with experimental burning show that magnetically enhanced sediments in Gledswood Shelter 1 are the result of anthropogenic burning of hearth fires, which burn hotter and for a longer time than natural wild fires. These techniques appear to work in this setting because of the nature of the local geology and the geological antiquity of the landscape. Susceptibility and frequency dependence of susceptibility signatures provide a critical tool to resolve that human occupation starts at 2.2 m depth within a stratigraphic section. In conjunction with luminescence dating, soil magnetic studies provide an opportunity for archaeologists to resolve the timing of human settlement in Australia and other intracratonic plate settings.
Modelling of surface settlements induced by a non‐uniformly deforming tunnel
Authors: Fu Jinyang , Klapperich Herbert , Azzam Rafig , Yang Junsheng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe design of tunnels requires the proper prediction of surface settlements for estimating the potential impact on adjacent structures. In computational methods, accurate prediction of the tunnelling‐induced surface settlements should consider the features of the non‐linear elastic soil behaviour, the tunnel deformation boundary condition and the tunnelling details. In this paper the tunnel‐deforming mechanism is modelled by an analytical approach to account for the three different tunnel‐deforming components, i.e. ground loss, ovalization and vertical translation. The deformation around the tunnel profile was shown to be highly non‐uniform. Such a tunnel deformation model was then integrated into the numerical analysis to investigate how the influences affect the predicted surface settlement profile. The capacity and applicability of the proposed procedure were explored by means of a parametric study. Results indicate that a realistic tunnel‐deforming pattern combined with a soil model that can take account of stiffness decay at small strains can lead to a more accurate prediction of tunnelling‐induced settlement profiles.Modellierung von Oberflächensenkungen durch ungleichmäßige Verformungen eines Tunnels. Der Entwurf von Tunneln erfordert eine genaue Vorhersage von Oberflächensenkungen zur Abschätzung der möglichen Auswirkungen auf angrenzende Bauwerke. Im Rechenverfahren sollte eine genaue Vorhersage der durch den Tunnelbau hervorgerufenen Oberflächensenkungen die Eigenschaften des nichtlinearen, elastischen Bodenverhaltens, die Randbedingungen der Tunneldeformation und Einzelheiten des Tunnelbaus berücksichtigen. In dieser Arbeit wurde der Tunnelverformungsmechanismus durch eine analytische Herangehensweise dargestellt, um drei verschiedene Tunnelverformungskomponenten, d. h. Masseverlust, Ovalisierung und vertikale Translation, zu berücksichtigen. Die Verformung rund um das Tunnelprofil erwies sich als höchst uneinheitlich. Ein solches Tunnelverformungsmodell wurde dann in der numerischen Analyse angewandt, um die Auswirkungen der Einflussfaktoren auf das vorhergesagte Profil der Oberflächensenkung zu erforschen. Die Kapazität und die Anwendbarkeit des vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens wurden von einer Parameterstudie untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein realistisches Tunneldeformationsmuster zusammen mit einem Bodenmodell, welches Festigkeitsverlust bei kleiner Belastung berücksichtigen konnte, zu einer genaueren Vorhersage des durch den Tunnelbau verursachten Bodensenkungsprofils führen können.
Die Methode der kinematischen Elemente in der Geotechnik – aktuelle Entwicklungen und Anwendungen
Authors: Gußmann Peter , König Diethard , Schanz Tom 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Berechnung von Grenzzuständen in Böden und Fels im Hinblick auf die Tragfähigkeitsbestimmung und Standsicherheitsanalysen ist eine klassische Aufgabe des Grundbaus. Eine leistungs‐ und anpassungsfähige Methode zur Lösung solcher Probleme ist die Kinematische‐Element‐Methode (KEM), welche vom ersten Verfasser vor etwa 30 Jahren vorgestellt wurde. Diese wurde seitdem kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt und auf ein immer breiteres Aufgabenfeld angewendet. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in die Grundlagen der KEM wird in diesem Beitrag deren Anwendung auf komplexe Fragestellungen anhand von Beispielen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Behandelt werden die Bestimmung von Grundbruchlasten bei tief liegender Fundamentsohle und benachbarten Fundamenten, das Trapdoor‐Problem und die Berechnung der Tragfähigkeit von Plattenankern. Die Möglichkeit der Optimierung einer Böschungsgeometrie wird aufgezeigt sowie ein Konzept zur Berücksichtigung teilgesättigter Bodenverhältnisse und räumlicher Einflüsse beschrieben.The method of kinematical elements in geotechnics – new developments and applications. The prediction of limit states in soils and rocks is a classical task in foundation engineering. An efficient and adaptable tool to solve such problems is the kinematical element method (KEM), which has been presented by the first author nearly 30 years ago. This method has been improved continuously and has been applied to a more and more broad field of problems. Following a short introduction to the basic principles of the method a number of applications of KEM to complex topics is presented and discussed. Bearing capacity of deep footings and of two adjacent interfering footings, the trap door problem and the ultimate load of plate anchors are studied. The potential of optimizing the geometry of a slope is demonstrated and approaches to take into account unsaturated soil conditions as well as three dimensional effects are shown.
Conventional Morphology Versus PCR Sequencing, rep‐PCR, and MALDI‐TOF‐MS for Identification of Clinical Aspergillus Isolates Collected Over a 2‐Year Period in a University Hospital at Kayseri, Turkey
Authors: Atalay Altay , Koc Ayse Nedret , Suel Ahmet , Sav Hafize , Demir Gonca , Elmali Ferhan , Cakir Nuri , Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundAspergillus species cause a wide range of diseases in humans, including allergies, localized infections, or fatal disseminated diseases. Rapid detection and identification of Aspergillus spp. facilitate effective patient management. In the current study we compared conventional morphological methods with PCR sequencing, rep‐PCR, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) for the identification of Aspergillus strains.Materials and MethodsA total of 24 consecutive clinical isolates of Aspergillus were collected during 2012–2014. Conventional morphology and rep‐PCR were performed in our Mycology Laboratory. The identification, evaluation, and reporting of strains using MALDI‐TOF‐MS were performed by BioMérieux Diagnostic, Inc. in Istanbul. DNA sequence analysis of the clinical isolates was performed by the BMLabosis laboratory in Ankara.ResultsSamples consisted of 18 (75%) lower respiratory tract specimens, 3 otomycosis (12.5%) ear tissues, 1 sample from keratitis, and 1 sample from a cutaneous wound. According to DNA sequence analysis, 12 (50%) specimens were identified as A. fumigatus, 8 (33.3%) as A. flavus, 3 (12.5%) as A. niger, and 1 (4.2%) as A. terreus. Statistically, there was good agreement between the conventional morphology and rep‐PCR and MALDI‐TOF methods; kappa values were κ = 0.869, 0.871, and 0.916, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe good level of agreement between the methods included in the present study and sequence method could be due to the identification of Aspergillus strains that were commonly encountered. Therefore, it was concluded that studies conducted with a higher number of isolates, which include other Aspergillus strains, are required.
Environmental changes over the past 25 000 years in the southern Middle Atlas, Morocco
Authors: Tabel Jalal , Khater Carla , Rhoujjati Ali , Dezileau Laurent , Bouimetarhan Ilham , Carre Matthieu , Vidal Laurence , Benkaddour Abdelfattah , Nourelbait Majda , Cheddadi Rachid 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTA new fossil record from the southern Middle Atlas spans continuously the last 25 000 years and provides evidence of an increased amount of snow precipitation during the last glacial period and a warm early Holocene with rather dry climate conditions. This environmental reconstruction is based on a multi‐proxy approach that integrates pollen, micro‐charcoals, grain size and geochemical analysis. During the last glacial period we observe a strong presence of aquatic plants species that today flower during late spring and summer. These occurrences are related to an increased amount of snow precipitation on the surrounding mountains which fed the marsh during the summer season. Although the early Holocene reveals a slight and steady expansion of Mediterranean oaks, the semi‐arid Artemisia steppe remained dominant in the landscape until 6.8 ka cal BP. Thus, the early Holocene seems to have been less humid than elsewhere in North Africa. The Atlas cedars began to establish around 6 ka cal BP. This indicates that the amount of annual rainfall increased after the mid‐Holocene. The late Holocene is marked by an increase of fire events, which may be related to a strengthening of the dry season and/or a higher seasonality.
Impact of thyroidectomy on cardiac manifestations of Graves' disease
Authors: Gauthier Jason M. , Mohamed Hossam Eldin , Noureldine Salem I. , Nazari‐Shafti Timo Z. , Thethi Tina K. , Kandil Emad 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisGraves' disease (GD) has multiple adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. We aimed to examine the outcome of thyroidectomy in patients with cardiac manifestations of GD and evaluate their associated postoperative complications.Study DesignRetrospective analysis using a prospectively collected database.MethodsA retrospective analysis of our prospectively collected thyroid surgery database was performed. Forty patients with hyperthyroidism due to GD were identified, and each was appropriately age matched to a euthyroid patient with multinodular goiter (MNG). All patients underwent total thyroidectomy. Data relating to cardiac comorbidities were collected from preoperative and postoperative clinic notes, hospital admissions, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and blood work. Perioperative biochemical, cardiovascular, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.ResultsTwenty‐four (60%) GD patients and 14 (35.0%) MNG patients had cardiac manifestations (P = .001). Hypertension resolved in 41.7% of GD patients and 7.7% of MNG patients (P = .00002). Two of the three GD patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) had resolution of CHF with significant improvement in ejection fraction, whereas the one MNG patient with CHF saw no change. Additionally, the majority of GD patients saw a resolution of their tachycardia (68.8%) and atrial fibrillation (100%). Four postoperative complications occurred in both the GD and MNG groups (4/40, 10%).ConclusionsSurgical treatment of GD in patients with cardiac manifestations offers rapid clinical improvement of hypertension, impaired left ventricular systolic function, and arrhythmias. When performed by a high‐volume surgeon, the complication rate is similar to thyroidectomy for other benign disease.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1256–1259, 2016
Preliminary experiences in trachea scaffold tissue engineering with segmental organ decellularization
Authors: Hung Shih‐Han , Su Chin‐Hui , Lin Sey‐En , Tseng How 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisIdeal methods for reconstructing the tracheal structure and restoring tracheal function following damage to the trachea or removal of the trachea have not been developed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using a whole segment decellularized tracheal scaffold to reconstruct the trachea.Study DesignProspective experimental design.SettingIn vivo rabbit model.MethodsTrachea scaffolds were created using our previously developed freeze‐dry‐sonication‐sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), [FDSS] decellularization process. After histological and mechanical testing, the scaffolds were transplanted orthotopically into segmental defects in New Zealand White Rabbits (n = 9). Another three rabbits receiving the sham operation with autologous trachea transplantations served as the control group. Two weeks after transplantation, the grafts were evaluated endoscopically and histologically.ResultsThe mechanical properties of the decellularized trachea segment did not differ significantly from the fresh native trachea. After transplantation, whereas the autograft in the control group showed full integration and functional recovery, all of the rabbits in the decellularized scaffold transplantation group died within 7∼24 days. Although significant collapse of the tracheal tubular structures was noted, full respiratory epithelium regeneration was observed in the rabbits that survived more than 2 weeks.ConclusionThe FDSS decellularization process is effective in creating whole‐segment, subtotally decellularized trachea scaffolds. However, although the respiratory epithelium regeneration on the inner surface appeared to be satisfactory, the tubular structures were not able to be maintained after transplantation, which ultimately led to the death of the animals.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:2520–2527, 2016
The role of trigeminal function in the sensation of nasal obstruction in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Saliba Joe , Fnais Naif , Tomaszewski Marcel , Carriere Junie S. , Frenkiel Saul , Frasnelli Johannes , Tewfik Marc A. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTrigeminal sensation (TS) within the nasal cavity is important for the perception of nasal airflow. The objective of this study is to examine whether impaired TS contributes to the sensation of nasal obstruction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study DesignProspective case‐control study conducted in a tertiary referral rhinology clinic.MethodsCases consisted of CRS patients with subjective nasal obstruction, not previously treated with oral corticoids. Controls consisted of patients without CRS. Neither group demonstrated obvious anatomical obstructions. Both groups underwent peak nasal inspiratory flows (PNIF), olfactory testing (quick eight‐item odor identification test), and trigeminal testing (lateralization task using eucalyptol and odorless solvent).ResultsA total of 28 subjects (14 CRS patients and 14 controls) were recruited. Analyses revealed no statistical differences in age (P = .93), gender (P = .47), or PNIF (P = .82) between the two groups, but they differed in Lund‐Mackay scores (P < .001). There was no significant difference in olfactory testing (P = .15). CRS patients had significantly lower scores on trigeminal lateralization testing than controls (P = .007). Linear regression revealed that Lund‐Mackay scores contributed a significant amount of variance to trigeminal lateralization scores, controlling for age and sex (F = 5.93, P = .004, R2 = 0.43).ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate that patients with CRS have lower TS than healthy controls. Our results suggest defective TS could play a role in the sensation of nasal obstruction in CRS.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 126:E174–E178, 2016
Spatial distribution of climate indices in the Emilia‐Romagna region
Authors: Nistor Mărgărit M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe spatial distribution of precipitation, temperature and climate indices has been represented in the Emilia‐Romagna region with an aim to characterize its climate. The Johansson Continentality Index, the Kerner Oceanity Index, the De Martonne Aridity Index and the Pinna Combinative Index are the climate indices used in the present report based on data from 21 meteorological stations located in Emilia‐Romagna and its surroundings. The analysed climate data are from the 1961–1990 period. Monthly precipitation and temperature diagrams from the Borgo Panigale station were computed for use in agricultural fields, hydrological sciences and climatology applications. Based on the findings of the climate analysis, the spatial variation of climate indices was estimated using the Kriging ordinary function, available in ArcGIS 10.2.2 environment.
Kryosphäre im Wandel
Authors: Gottwald Manfred , Floricioiu Dana 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Untersuchung der Kryosphäre mit abbildenden Radarsatelliten hat der Wissenschaft neue Methoden und Verfahren in die Hand gegeben. Sie erlauben Einblicke in die Vorgänge der Polargebiete, die früher nicht oder nur sehr eingeschränkt möglich waren. Vor allem die Fähigkeit, unabhängig vom Wettergeschehen und Tageslicht auch die entlegensten und unwirtlichsten Orte zu erforschen, hat unseren Blick auf die Eisschilde und das Meereis verändert. Im Zusammenspiel mit der Vor‐Ort‐Erkundung in Polarstationen, dem Einsatz von Instrumenten auf Flugzeugen, Schiffen und Ballons, aber auch anderen satellitengetragenen Sensoren helfen die Radarmissionen, die sich verändernde Arktis und Antarktis in einer Zeit des globalen Klimawandels besser zu verstehen.
Designermaterialien für nichtlineare Optik
Authors: Probst Heike , Zentgraf Thomas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Nanotechnologie ermöglicht es, Materialien im Bereich weniger Nanometer gezielt zu strukturieren. Mit diesen Metamaterialien kann man neue optische Eigenschaften realisieren, die in natürlich vorkommenden Materialien nicht möglich sind. Zudem lassen sich auch die nichtlinearen optischen Eigenschaften verändern. Dies führt dazu, dass nichtlineare optische Prozesse, etwa die Erzeugung der zweiten Harmonischen, bereits während der Entstehung in ihrer Phase kontrollierbar sind. Daraus ergeben sich vielfältige Anwendungsgebiete in den Bereichen der nichtlinearen Holographie, Strahlformung und Frequenzumwandlung. Diese bilden eine entscheidende Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung neuartiger optischer Komponenten im Bereich der Informations‐ und Kommunikationstechnologien.
Schwarzen Linien auf der Spur
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEin Kollege aus Bayern entdeckt 1814 die seltsamen schwarzen Linien im Spektrum der Sonne und löst damit einen regelrechten Run aus. Alle Wissenschaftler in Europa, die sich auch nur am Rande für Optik und Astronomie interessieren, wollen nun schwarze Linien auch im Licht anderer Sterne und irdischer erhitzter Gase und Metalle entdecken. Ein halbes Jahrhundert später wird ein schwedischer Forscher die Spektroskopie entscheidend voranbringen.
A psbA mutation (Val219 to Ile) causes resistance to propanil and increased susceptibility to bentazon in Cyperus difformis
Authors: Pedroso Rafael M , Al‐Khatib Kassim , Alarcón‐Reverte Rocio , Fischer Albert J 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDPropanil‐resistant (R) Cyperus difformis populations were recently confirmed in California rice fields. To date, propanil resistance in other weed species has been associated with enhanced aryl acylamidase (AAA)‐mediated propanil conversion into 3,4‐dichloroaniline. Our objectives were to determine the level of propanil resistance and cross‐resistance to other PSII inhibitors in C. difformis lines, and to elucidate the mechanism of propanil resistance.RESULTSThe propanil‐R line had a 14‐fold propanil resistance and increased resistance to bromoxynil, diuron and metribuzin, but not to atrazine. The R line, however, displayed a fourfold increased susceptibility to bentazon. Interestingly, susceptible (S) plants accumulated more 3,4‐dichloroaniline and were more injured by propanil and carbaryl (AAA‐inhibitor) applications than R plants, suggesting that propanil metabolism is not the resistance mechanism. psbA gene sequence analysis indicated a valine‐219–isoleucine (Val219Ile) amino acid exchange in the propanil‐R chloroplast D1 protein.CONCLUSIONThe D1 Val219Ile modification in C. difformis causes resistance to propanil, diuron, metribuzin and bromoxynil but increased susceptibility to bentazon, suggesting that the Val219 residue participates in binding of these herbicides. This is the first report of a higher plant exhibiting target‐site propanil resistance. Tank mixing of bentazon and propanil, where permitted, can control both propanil‐R and propanil‐S C. difformis and prevent the spread of the resistant phenotype. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Structural characterization of product ions of regulated veterinary drugs by electrospray ionization and quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Part 3: Anthelmintics and thyreostats
Authors: Nuñez Alberto , Lehotay Steven J. , Lightfield Alan R. 
Published: March 2016

RationalePreviously, we have reported a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the identification and quantification of regulated veterinary drugs in food animals. The method uses three selected transition ions per analyte but structural characterization is also needed. This work is a continuation of two previous publications in which we propose structures of the selected transition ions of 130 veterinary drugs altogether.MethodsIn this work, 24 additional veterinary drugs were analyzed by infusion into a high‐resolution quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive or negative mode. The TOF analyzer was calibrated to achieve low error mass accuracy in the MS and MS/MS modes. Also, the MS2 and MS3 spectra were obtained by using a Q‐Trap mass spectrometer to further determine the possible pathways of ion formation.ResultsThe low error mass spectrometry analysis allowed the elucidation of the ion formulae of selected transition ions for qualitative identification. The rational interpretation of data including a review of the published literature led to the proposed structures of the MS/MS product ions of 24 compounds covering two classes of regulated veterinary drugs (anthelmintics and thyreostats). In addition, the use of MS2 and MS3 experiments led to the establishment of fragmentation patterns.ConclusionsThe identification and quantification of veterinary drug residues is helpful information for regulatory monitoring programs in defense of regulatory enforcement actions. Published in 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.