bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of 60 types of Chinese biomass waste and resultant biochars in terms of their candidacy for soil application
Authors: Sun Xiaoyin , Shan Ruifeng , Li Xuhui , Pan Jihua , Liu Xing , Deng Ruonan , Song Junyao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe composition and pyrolysis characteristics of 60 types of biomass waste from the following six source categories were compared: agricultural residues, woody pruning waste from gardens and lawns, aquatic plant material from eutrophic water bodies, nutshells and fruit peels, livestock manure and residual sludge from municipal wastewater treatment. The yield and physicochemical characteristics of the biochar produced from these feedstocks at 350 °C, 500 °C and 650 °C were also examined. Results of correlation and canonical correspondence analysis between feedstock composition and biochar properties showed that feedstock type played an important role in controlling yield and properties of biochars. The yields of biochar dry ash‐free (daf.) basis were positively correlated with cellulose, lignin and lignin/cellulose content of feedstock; and ash content hampered the biochar production. Furthermore, the intensity of correlation between biochar yield and its feedstock composition was improved with pyrolysis temperature and degree of feedstock decomposition. The fixed carbon content in biochar was also negatively influenced by ash content of feedstock, and it increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature when the ash content was below 34.57% in feedstock and decreased when the ash content exceeded. The fixed carbon production in biochar per unit ash‐free mass (af.) was positively related to cellulose, lignin and lignin/cellulose content in feedstock, which were same with the yield of biochar (daf.). But on the contrary, the volatiles content in biochar (af.) had negative correlation with these organic constituents. For most feedstocks, the differences in the biochar characteristics among the biomass categories were greater than within any individual category. C/N, H/C and O/C atomic ratio and bulk density of biochar from different types of biomass were also compared. The results will provide guidance for the reutilization of biomass wastes and production of biochar with specified properties for soil amendment applications.
p53 immunohistochemistry in high‐grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is prognostically significant
Authors: Hodgson Anjelica , Xu Bin , Downes Michelle R 
Published: March 2017

AimsTP53 mutations are characteristic of the high‐grade pathway in the dual pathway of urothelial carcinogenesis. These mutations have been correlated with aberrant accumulation of p53 protein; however the definition and significance of this vary in the literature. The aim of this study was to assess p53 immunostaining in a cohort of high‐grade urothelial carcinomas by using standard published cut‐offs and a novel binarized method that included assessment of the null phenotype. Each scoring method was correlated with oncological outcome.Methods and resultsA triplicate core tissue microarray was constructed from 207 cases of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma treated by cystectomy, and was stained with p53. The percentage nuclear staining was recorded for each core and averaged for every case (206 cases were evaluable). Cases were categorized as positive/negative according to published cut‐offs (10%, 40%) or by binarizing them as abnormal (null phenotype or >50% positivity) and wild type (1–49% positivity). Correlation with disease‐specific survival was not significant according to standard definitions of p53 positivity. When a 40% cut‐off was used, a correlation with relapse‐free survival was significant on univariate analysis (P = 0.038) but not on multivariate analysis (P = 0.079). Abnormal p53 expression showed a near‐significant trend for association with disease‐specific survival (P = 0.052) and was a significant predictor for relapse‐free survival on both univariate analysis (P = 0.047) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.035).ConclusionsPrior to this study, the p53 null phenotype was not well described in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Abnormal p53 immunoexpression (null staining pattern or staining in >50% of cells) is prognostic in terms of oncological outcome.
Does party identification associate with consumer preferences? Analyzing Finnish consumers in 2009 and 2014
Authors: Koivula Aki , Räsänen Pekka , Saarinen Arttu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article examines the association between Finn's political orientation and preferences regarding hedonistic and mundane consumer activities. Data derived from national‐level surveys collected in Finland in 2009 (n=1,202) and 2014 (n=1,351) suggests that political party identification is an important predictor of perceived consumption, even after controlling for the effects of key socio‐demographic factors. In general, supporters of the right‐wing National Coalition Party consider themselves as high‐level consumers more often than the supporters of other political parties do. The results also show that there have been very few temporal changes in the association between party identification and consumption preferences. The effect of party identification is stronger for hedonistic activities than for mundane activities. It is argued that political party identification has similar impact on individual's consumer preferences as other lifestyle and social network factors have. The findings offer us new possibilities for further research addressing consumer activities, and other behavioural correlates of political orientation.
Household characteristics and the change of financial risk tolerance during the financial crisis in the United States
Authors: Chiang Tsun‐Feng , Xiao Jing Jian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study examines how household financial risk tolerance is affected during the period of 2007 and 2009, which covered the eve and trough of the financial crisis in the United States and what types of households are associated with the change of risk tolerance. Risk tolerance is measured by two objective indicators, narrowly and broadly defined stock ownership, and a subjective indicator, risk taking attitude. Using panel data from 2007 to 2009 Survey of Consumer Finances, results show that during the financial crisis, the households in general are more risk averse, indicated by withdrawing from stock markets and holding a less risk taking attitude. In addition, Black and Hispanic households are more likely and households with higher education are less likely to withdraw from stock markets. Older households are less likely to change in risk tolerance during the financial crisis, as are richer households. The findings show panel data could generate novel results and contribute to the literature of financial risk tolerance.
The digital divide experienced by older consumers in smart environments
Authors: Hwang Hyesun , Nam Su‐Jung 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe continuing transition of the Internet from wired to mobile has facilitated changes in Internet use. By focusing on older consumers as a potentially disadvantaged group, this study examines whether smart environments have the potential to bridge the digital divide. Data were derived from an analysis of the 2013 South Korean Information Divide data set (n = 2386 for those 60 years and older; n = 5841 for those under 60 years). The existence of a digital divide in the smart environment was verified by comparing younger and older South Koreans; this showed that continuing consumer education is needed to enhance older people's experience and skills regarding information and in its use of communication technology. The digital divide was measured based on three aspects: accessibility, competence, and usage. In smart environments, gaps in accessibility and competence between the age groups increased whereas the gap in information usage decreased. Compared with the personal computer‐based environment, members of both groups in the smart environment exhibited increased usage levels with regard to social relationship services, while the gap between the groups with regard to use of convenience services was reduced.
Food co‐operatives sustainably managing common pool resources as hyper‐communities as outlined by Consumer Culture Theory
Authors: Berge Simon 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the interview results from nine managers operating in the co‐operative food sector in Ontario, Canada. The interview results are framed within the context of Consumer Culture Theory to show how co‐operatives can be considered hyper‐communities that are built around an opposition to the current economic system's management of food as a common pool resource. The co‐operative managers interviewed present a view that co‐operatives act as drivers of sustainable innovation by allowing individuals to act as a group with a common interest in sustainable practices. The co‐operative model provides these hyper‐communities with guidance to interact with the economic system through the co‐operative principles. The co‐operative principles assist co‐operative managers in establishing member control over the common pool resource. This paper supports the growing literature on the co‐operative economy and self‐governance of common pool resources for a sustainable future.
Preparation and photoluminescence properties with the site‐selected excitations of Bi3+‐activated Ba3Sc4O9 phosphors
Authors: Wang Yichao , Ding Jianyan , Wang Yuhua 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA series of novel Bi3+‐doped Ba3Sc4O9 phosphors were synthesized through the solid‐state reaction. Their photoluminescence, decay curves, and thermal quenching properties were investigated in detail. The Ba3Sc4O9:Bi3+ phosphors could be efficiently excited in the ultraviolet and near‐ultraviolet region (300‐400 nm), and the photoluminescence properties possess an obvious site‐selected excitations phenomenon. When excited at the ultraviolet light (320‐360 nm), the phosphors present a green or a bluish green emission, and when excited at the near‐ultraviolet light (370‐390 nm), the phosphors always show a yellow emission. The emission spectra excited at the different wavelength can be decomposed into four components, which accord with the four cationic sites in the structure of Ba3Sc4O9. The influence of the Bi3+ concentration on the photoluminescence properties is also investigated. Upon excitation at 330 and 377 nm, the Ba3Sc4O9:Bi3+ both have good thermal quenching properties; their emission intensity of the peak at 150°C both exceed 60% of the initial value. The above results indicate that the Ba3Sc4O9:Bi3+ phosphor is a promising candidate to provide green or yellow components for UV or near‐UV LEDs.
Microstructural evolution in infiltration‐growth processed MgB2 bulk superconductors
Authors: Bhagurkar Ashutosh G. , Yamamoto Akiyasu , Dennis Anthony R. , Durrell John H. , Aljohani Talal A. , Nadendla Hari B. , Cardwell David A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe study reports phase and microstructural evolution in MgB2 bulk superconductors fabricated by an infiltration and growth (IG) process. Three distinct stages, (1) intermediate boride formation, (2) bulk liquid Mg infiltration, and (3) MgB2 layer formation, were identified in IG process after detailed examination of series of samples prepared with varied heating conditions. The intermediate phase Mg2B25, isomorphous to β‐boron, was detected prior to MgB2 phase formation in stage (1). Due to volume expansion involved in stage 1, cracks formed in the β‐boron particles and propagated radially inwards during stage 3. The growing MgB2 particles sintered simultaneously with formation of grain boundaries during the process, as evidenced by the measured hardness and critical current density in these samples. From our observations, we estimate the total time needed for complete transformation to MgB2.
Interactions of Ta2O5 with water vapor at elevated temperatures
Authors: Myers Dwight L. , Kulis Michael J. , Horwath Joseph P. , Jacobson Nathan S. , Fox Dennis S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) and its solid solution phases are candidate coatings for components to be used in combustion environments. Thus, it is important to understand the response of Ta2O5 to high‐temperature water vapor, a product of combustion. Thermogravimetric methods are used to examine the oxide in reactant streams of controlled water vapor contents at 1250°C‐1450°C. The observed weight loss indicates a reaction of the general form ½ Ta2O5(s) + x H2O(g)=TaOy(OH)x(g). Methodical variation in the water vapor pressure suggests the products are a mix of TaO(OH)3(g) and Ta(OH)5(g). Evidence of TaO(OH)3(g) was observed with a sampling mass spectrometer. The measured hydroxide and oxyhyroxide vapor fluxes from Ta2O5 are compared with calculated vapor fluxes from SiO2 and Al2O3. Ta2O5 exhibits fluxes similar to those from SiO2 due to gaseous metal hydroxide formation.
At first sight or second glance: clinical presentation of mosaic manifestations of autosomal dominant skin disorders – a case series
Authors: Toberer F. , Happle R. , Schneiderbauer R. , Hausser I. , Kröhl V. , Epple A. , Moog U. , Enk A.H. , Lonsdorf A.S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundSeveral autosomal dominant disorders may manifest in mosaic patterns with cutaneous involvement. Genomic mosaicism results from postzygotic autosomal mutations, giving rise to clonal proliferation of two genetically distinct cell groups, which clinically present as lesions following the lines of Blaschko.ObjectiveTo increase the awareness of the clinical variability of mosaic manifestations in autosomal dominant skin disorders in order to avoid delayed diagnosis.MethodsClinicopathologic correlation in a case series including three patients with mosaic manifestations of different autosomal dominant skin diseases.ResultsHere, we describe a patient with type 1 segmental mosaicism of epidermolytic ichthyosis (case 1) and two patients with either type 1 (case 2) or type 2 (case 3) segmental neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1).ConclusionDermatologists should be familiar with mosaic manifestations of autosomal dominant skin diseases to ensure appropriate guidance of the affected patient. Genetic counselling is mandatory as even limited forms of mosaicism may involve the patient's germline with a moderately increased risk to transmit the mutation to their offspring, resulting in a more severe, generalized form of the respective disease.
Advanced Practice Registered Nurses and Long‐Acting Reversible Contraception
Authors: Kelly Patricia J. , Cheng An‐Lin , Carlson Kimberly , Witt Jacki 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionAdvanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) are in an excellent position to address the high rates of unintended pregnancy in the United States by providing long‐acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). These methods are significant in their effectiveness in preventing pregnancy in individual women and in having population‐level effects on unintended pregnancy. The aim of this study was to learn more about APRN practices around long‐acting reversible contraception and influences on those practices.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of APRNs who provide women's health services was conducted during the summer of 2015 using an existing adapted instrument with items on personal and patient characteristics, opinions, practices, and training around LARC methods. Zero‐inflated Poisson regression models were conducted to study the factors that influenced the number of LARC insertions in the past year.ResultsWhile 84% of the 390 respondents were inserting intrauterine devices (IUDs) and 77% single‐rod implants, only 16% of these were inserting more devices than 5 years earlier. The most significant predictor of placement of these contraceptives was the clinical practice of requiring only one visit for completion.DiscussionNational guidelines and recommendations have been in place for several years stating that women should be able to receive the contraceptive method of their choice in just one clinic visit. Women's access to LARCs from APRNs may be less than optimal. Additional research is needed to understand if the limitations in accessibility of this important reproductive health service are a function of clinician practices or clinic policies.
A peel‐off facial mask comprising myoinositol and trehalose‐loaded liposomes improves adult female acne by reducing local hyperandrogenism and activating autophagy
Authors: Fabbrocini Gabriella , Capasso Claudia , Donnarumma Marianna , Cantelli Mariateresa , Le Maître Michel , Monfrecola Giuseppe , Emanuele Enzo 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundHyperandrogenism and reduced skin autophagy have been implicated in the pathogenesis of adult female acne (AFA). Here, we tested whether a ready‐to‐use peel‐off facial mask containing myoinositol (an androgen inhibitor) and trehalose‐loaded liposomes (as activators of cutaneous autophagy) applied overnight every other day for 60 days can improve AFA. We also sought to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical effects.ObjectivesWe conducted an uncontrolled, open‐label clinical study in 40 cases of AFA to investigate the effect of the facial mask on lesion count, sebum production (measured with the Sebutape® technique), and Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) scale. We also investigated the changes from baseline to the end of treatment in androgen and beclin‐1 levels (as a marker of authophagy) in skin biopsy supernatants.MethodsForty Caucasian patients with AFA were enrolled. Changes in clinical and molecular endpoints before and after treatment were investigated.ResultsThe mean counts of comedones, papules, pustules, and nodular lesions decreased significantly (all P<.001). The mean Sebutape® score was reduced from 3.4±0.6 to 1.8±0.2 (P<.001), whereas the mean GAGS scale score decreased from 16.8±5.3 at baseline to 9.8±4.6 after treatment (P<.001). A significant decrease in testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in skin biopsy supernatants was observed, whereas beclin‐1 levels increased significantly (P<.001).ConclusionA ready‐to‐use peel‐off facial mask containing myoinositol and trehalose‐loaded liposomes improved the cosmetic appearance of AFA by reducing cutaneous androgen content and promoting skin autophagy.
PDGFRA mRNA is overexpressed in oral cancer patients as compared to normal subjects with a significant trend of overexpression among tobacco users
Authors: Ong Hui Shan , Gokavarapu Sandhya , Tian Zhen , Li Jiang , Xu Qin , Cao Wei , Zhang Chen Ping 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundPlatelet‐derived growth factors alpha (PDGFA) is a tyrosine kinase receptor activator which is known to be amplified in the malignancies, and their expression levels are correlated to tumor progression and reduced overall survival. The expression of PDGFRA is different among the tumors and normal tissues; furthermore, their expression level is site specific. Under a physiological condition, PDGFRA and its ligand are expressed in distinct cell populations and activated in a paracrine manner. Nevertheless, heterodimer characteristic of PDGFRA allows it to be trans‐activated by non‐specific ligands or via autocrine manner. The future of cancer therapy can be based on PDGFRA receptor blockade and therefore warrants further investigation to determine the differing expression of PDGFRA between controls and patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsWe performed a case‐control study of 111 patients with newly diagnosed tongue squamous cell carcinoma and 111 control subjects without a cancer diagnosis, matched for age and gender, to evaluate the association between PDGFRA expression levels in oral mucosa. We then performed smoking stratification in each cohort. Independent t test analysis was applied for case‐control comparisons.ResultsMean value of PDGFRA mRNA level (−ΔCt) for normal cohort is −30.242, whereas mean value of PDGFRA mRNA level for patients with OSCC is −11.516. PDGFRA mRNA level (−ΔCt) was significantly higher in oral cancer cohort, P<.001. Smokers have a significantly higher PDGFRA mRNA expression in comparison with non‐smokers (P=.002) among the non‐cancer group. Likewise, this trend is observed in cancer cohort too, P=.044.ConclusionPDGFRA expression is significantly higher in oral cancer cohort with or without the establishment of tobacco risk factor.
The EP4 antagonist, L‐161,982, induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibits prostaglandin E2‐induced proliferation in oral squamous carcinoma Tca8113 cells
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Yang Bo , Han Guoxu , Li Weizhong 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundRecent studies suggest that cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) inhibitors may enhance the toxic effects of anticancer drugs on tumor cells, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but its long‐term use can cause side effects such as stomach ulcers and myocardial infarction. Our aim was to investigate proliferative effects of a downstream product of COX‐2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), in human oral squamous carcinoma cell line Tca8113 and explore the effects of PGE2 receptors, especially EP4 receptor, on the growth of Tca8113 cells.MethodsTo evaluate the effects of PGE2 and EP receptors on Tca8113 cells, CCK8 assay, Western blotting, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis assay were performed.ResultsWe found that the EP4 receptor agonist, PGE1‐OH, could mimick PGE2 rescued the inhibitory effect of celecoxib and induced cell growth via ERK phosphorylation, and the EP4 receptor antagonist, L‐161,982, completely blocked PGE2‐stimulated ERK phosphorylation and proliferation of Tca8113 cells. Furthermore, L‐161,982 may induce apoptosis and block cell cycle progression at s phase by upregulating Bax and p21 protein levels and by downregulating Bcl‐2, CDK2, and cyclin A2 protein levels.ConclusionsOur results indicate that EP4 receptor mediates PGE2‐induced cell proliferation through ERK signaling, and inhibition of EP4 receptor may represent an alternative therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of OSCC.
“Pretty Pressure” From Peers, Parents, and the Media: A Longitudinal Study of Appearance‐Based Rejection Sensitivity
Authors: Webb Haley J. , Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. , Waters Allison M. , Farrell Lara J. , Nesdale Drew , Downey Geraldine 
Published: March 2017

Drawing from the tripartite sociocultural model of body image, the researchers examined whether direct messages and modeling from peers, parents, and media were concurrently and prospectively associated with appearance‐based rejection sensitivity (appearance‐RS) in young adolescents (Mage = 12.0 years). Appearance‐RS was higher among those who concurrently reported more appearance‐related teasing and pressure by peers, more parent teasing, and greater acceptance of media appearance ideals. In prospective analyses, greater increases in appearance‐RS over 1 year were found for adolescents who perceived higher levels of parental appearance‐related teasing and negative attitudes about their own appearance. Moderation analyses indicated the positive prospective association between parental negative appearance attitudes and appearance‐RS was found in younger but not older participants. Gender did not moderate associations.