bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Choice of Spin Functions in the AMO Method
Authors: LINDNER PETER , LUNELL STEN 
Published: September 2017

The alternant‐molecular‐orbital (AMO) method as applied to the benzene molecule is reconsidered. A variational treatment was performed to determine the singlet spin function which gives the best total energy in the five‐dimensional spin space available. It is found that an AMO function containing two mixing parameters and an optimized spin function gives an energy improvement over the ordinary one‐parameter AMO method, utilizing a single spin function, by 0.452 eV. Optimization of the spin function alone gives an energy lowering which is 57% of this value, while a two‐parameter function with the usual spin function gives 86%.On a reconsidéré l'application de la méthode des orbitales moléculaires alternantes (AMO) à la molécule de benzène. Par un calcul variationnel on a déterminé celle des fonctions singulettes de l'espace de spin à cinq dimensions, qui donne la meilleure énergie totale. On trouve qu'une fonction AMO à deux paramètres combinée à une fonction de spin optimisée donne une amélioration de l'énergie de 0.452 eV, sur la méthode AMO ordinaire à un seul paramètre et une seule fonction de spin. Une optimisation de la fonction de spin seulement donne 57% de cette valeur‐ci, tandis qu'une fonction à deux paramètres avec la fonction de spin ordinaire donne 86%.Die alternierende Molekülorbitalmethode (AMO) wurde noch einmal auf das Benzolmolekül angewendet. Mit einer Variationsberechnung wird die Singulett‐Spinfunktion des fünfdimensionalen Spinraum bestimmt, die die beste Gesamtenergie liefert. Man findet das eine AMO‐funktion mit zwei Parametern und einer optimisierten Spinfunktion eine Energieverbesserung über die gewöhnliche AMO‐Methode mit einem Parameter und einer einzigen Spinfunktion, von 0.452 eV gibt. Optimisierung der Spinfunktion allein gibt 57% dieses Wert, während eine Zweiparameterfunktion mit der gewöhnlichen Spinfunktion 86% gibt.
Physical layer aware adaptive network coding schemes for satellite communications
Authors: Ghanem Samah A. M. , Gharsellaoui Ala Eddine , Tarchi Daniele , Vanelli Coralli Alessandro 
Published: September 2017

SummaryNetwork coding is a technology that provides core benefits to communication services, in terms of reliability, latency, and data rate, by leveraging on a coding structure that reduces the necessity for retransmissions of packets. Satellite communications are one of the potential applications that can leverage on the benefits of network coding due to their challenging fading environments and high round trip times. By introducing physical layer awareness, network coding offers further gains to such communications systems. In this paper, we propose different rate and energy efficient adaptive network coding schemes for time‐variant channels. We compare our proposed physical layer aware adaptive schemes to physical layer nonadaptive network coding schemes for time‐variant channels. The proposed schemes demonstrate that adaptation of packet transmissions based on the channel variations over time, and their corresponding time‐dependent erasures, allows for significant gains in terms of throughput, delay, and energy efficiency. We shed light on the trade‐off between energy efficiency and delay‐throughput gains, demonstrating that conservative adaptive approaches that favor less transmission under high erasures might cause higher delay and less‐throughput gains in comparison to nonconservative approaches that favor more transmissions to account for high erasures. We show that such schemes are robust with regimes of large or small packet sizes; albeit the energy per bit is affected, similar rate and energy gains can be obtained. In turn, we show that the performance gains are driven by the duty cycle of the packets silent transmission and not by the packet size.
Reliability analysis of wind turbines under non‐Gaussian wind load
Authors: Shuang Miao , Song Bo 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBased on translation models, both Gaussian and non‐Gaussian wind fields are generated using the harmony superposition method for examining the reliability of a typical wind turbine at operational and parked conditions. Using the blade aerodynamic model and multibody dynamics, wind turbine responses are calculated and then probability characteristics are analyzed in details. The short‐term extreme response distribution is estimated by the average conditional exceedance rate method at each mean wind speed bin, and the long‐term extreme response distribution is then determined by further integrating the short‐term extreme response distribution conditional on wind speed with the distribution of mean wind speed. Additionally, crack initiation life and crack propagation life are evaluated using the linear cumulative damage theory and linear crack propagation theory, respectively. The results indicate that non‐Gaussian characteristics of wind inflows have a noticeably greater influence on both extreme response and fatigue damage, and the Gaussian assumption cannot suit wind turbine in complex terrain.
Relationship between the heat transfer law and the scalar dissipation function in a turbulent channel flow
Authors: Abe Hiroyuki , Antonia Robert Anthony 
Published: September 2017

Integration across a fully developed turbulent channel flow of the transport equations for the mean and turbulent parts of the scalar dissipation rate yields relatively simple relations for the bulk mean scalar and wall heat transfer coefficient. These relations are tested using direct numerical simulation datasets obtained with two isothermal boundary conditions (constant heat flux and constant heating source) and a molecular Prandtl numberProf 0.71. A logarithmic dependence on the Kármán number$h^{+}$is established for the integrated mean scalar in the range$h^{+}\geqslant 400$where the mean part of the total scalar dissipation exhibits near constancy, whilst the integral of the turbulent scalar dissipation rate$\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}}$increases logarithmically with$h^{+}$. This logarithmic dependence is similar to that established in a previous paper (Abe & Antonia,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 798, 2016, pp. 140–164) for the bulk mean velocity. However, the slope (2.18) for the integrated mean scalar is smaller than that (2.54) for the bulk mean velocity. The ratio of these two slopes is 0.85, which can be identified with the value of the turbulent Prandtl number in the overlap region. It is shown that the logarithmic$h^{+}$increase of the integrated mean scalar is intrinsically associated with the overlap region of$\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}}$, established for$h^{+}$(${\geqslant}400$). The resulting heat transfer law also holds at a smaller$h^{+}$(${\geqslant}200$) than that derived by assuming a log law for the mean temperature.
Effect of surface contamination on interfacial mass transfer rate
Authors: Wissink J. G. , Herlina H. , Akar Y. , Uhlmann M. 
Published: September 2017

The influence of surface contamination upon the mass transfer rate of a low diffusivity gas across a flat surface is studied using direct numerical simulations. The interfacial mass transfer is driven by isotropic turbulence diffusing from below. Similar to Shen et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 506, 2004, pp. 79–115) the surface contamination is modelled by relating the normal gradient of the horizontal velocities at the top to the horizontal gradients of the surfactant concentrations. A broad range of contamination levels is considered, including clean to severely contaminated conditions. The time-averaged results show a strong correlation between the gas transfer velocity and the clean surface fraction of the surface area. In the presence of surface contamination the mass transfer velocity $K_{L}$ is found to scale as a power of the Schmidt number, i.e. $Sc^{-q}$, where $q$ smoothly transitions from $q=1/2$ for clean surfaces to $q=2/3$ for very dirty interfaces. A power law $K_{L}\propto Sc^{-q}$ is proposed in which both the exponent $q$ and the constant of proportionality become functions of the clean surface fraction.
The Pacification of Elite Lifestyles: State Formation, Elite Reproduction, and the Practice of Hunting in Early Modern England
Authors: Stuart Brundage Jonah 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWhat explains the remarkable metamorphosis of elites from warrior nobilities into well-mannered aristocrats in early modern Europe? Existing accounts emphasize the coercive force of emerging states or the novel enticements of royal courts. Well suited to the paradigmatic case of early modern France, such arguments fail to explain cases, like England, in which elites developed pacified lifestyles in the absence of a dominant royal court and largely prior to the monopolization of physical force. This essay shows that explaining such cases requires greater attention to the historical variability of elites’ own interests and strategies. I argue that European elites (also) developed pacified lifestyles insofar as they came to reproduce themselves through strategies that operated without their personal use of physical violence (including, but not limited to, royal courts). Such strategies were contingent on varying configurations of inter-elite and elite–non-elite relations. I employ this perspective to explain the marginalization of violent skills and codes in the lifestyles of early modern English elites, focusing empirically on the practice of hunting, a defining ritual of elite lifestyles. The hunting evidence suggests that the landed gentry were the first English elite to develop a pacified lifestyle. Yet the gentry were neither subject to the coercion of a centralized state nor incorporated into a court society. Instead, I show that the gentry—and later, the nobility and monarchy—developed pacified lifestyles because they came to reproduce themselves through legal strategies, the successful performance of which required nonviolent skills and habits.
Challenging Global Geographies of Power: Sending Children back to Nigeria from the United Kingdom for Education
Authors: Kea Pamela , Maier Katrin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWest Africans have a long history of investing in their children's education by sending them to Britain. Yet, some young British-Nigerians are being sent to Nigeria for secondary education, going against a long historical grain. The movement of children from London to Nigeria is about the making of good subjects who possess particular cultural dispositions and behave in such a manner as to ensure educational success and the reproduction of middle-class subjectivities within neoliberal globalization. We maintain that this movement highlights the way in which global geographies of power—rooted in a colony-metropole divide—are being challenged and reconfigured, serving to provincialize the UK, through the educational choices that Nigerian parents make for their children. Such small acts disrupt imagined geographies and particular spatial and temporal configurations of progress and modernity, in which former colonial subjects have traveled to the metropole for education, while generating counter-narratives about Nigerian education, society, and economy. Yet, the methods used to instill new dispositions and habits in the contemporary Nigerian educational context are informed by the British educational colonial legacy of discipline through corporal punishment—physical punishment was central to the civilizing mission of British colonial educational policy. Consequently, the choice to send children to school in Nigeria and other African countries both challenges global geographies of power and illuminates the continued relevance of the colonial educational legacy and its disciplinary strategies, which are, in turn, part of the broader project of modernity itself.
Meis2 as a critical player in MN1-induced leukemia
Authors: Lai C K , Norddahl G L , Maetzig T , Rosten P , Lohr T , Sanchez Milde L , von Krosigk N , Docking T R , Heuser M , Karsan A , Humphries R K 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMeningioma 1 (MN1) is an independent prognostic marker for normal karyotype acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with high expression linked to all-trans retinoic acid resistance and poor survival.MN1is also a potent and sufficient oncogene in murine leukemia models, strongly dependent on the MEIS1/AbdB-like HOX protein complex to transform common myeloid progenitors, block myeloid differentiation, and promote leukemic stem cell self-renewal. To identify key genes and pathways underlying leukemic activity, we functionally assessed MN1 cell phenotypic heterogeneity, revealing leukemic and non-leukemic subsets. Using gene expression profiling of these subsets combined with previously published comparisons of full-length MN1 and mutants with varying leukemogenic activity, we identified candidate genes critical to leukemia. Functional analysis identifiedHlfandHoxa9as critical to MN1in vitroproliferation, self-renewal and impaired myeloid differentiation. Although critical to transformation,Meis1knockdown had little impact on these propertiesin vitro. However, we identifiedMeis2as critical to MN1-induced leukemia, with essential roles in proliferation, self-renewal, impairment of differentiation and disease progressionin vitroandin vivo. Here, we provide evidence of phenotypic and functional hierarchy in MN1-induced leukemic cells, characterise contributions ofHlf,Hoxa9andMeis1toin vitroleukemic properties, and revealMeis2as a novel player in MN1-induced leukemogenesis.
Cystic fibrosis swine fail to secrete airway surface liquid in response to inhalation of pathogens
Authors: Luan Xiaojie , Belev George , Tam Julian S. , Jagadeeshan Santosh , Hassan Noman , Gioino Paula , Grishchenko Nikolay , Huang Yanyun , Carmalt James L. , Duke Tanya , Jones Teela , Monson Bev , Burmester Monique , Simovich Tomer , Yilmaz Orhan , Campanucci Veronica A. , Machen Terry E. , Chapman L. Dean , Ianowski Juan P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel, which can result in chronic lung disease. The sequence of events leading to lung disease is not fully understood but recent data show that the critical pathogenic event is the loss of the ability to clear bacteria due to abnormal airway surface liquid secretion (ASL). However, whether the inhalation of bacteria triggers ASL secretion and whether this is abnormal in cystic fibrosis has never been tested. Here we show, using a novel synchrotron-based in vivo imaging technique, that wild-type pigs display both a basal and a Toll-like receptor-mediated ASL secretory response to the inhalation of cystic fibrosis relevant bacteria. Both mechanisms fail in CFTR−/− swine, suggesting that cystic fibrosis airways do not respond to inhaled pathogens, thus favoring infection and inflammation that may eventually lead to tissue remodeling and respiratory disease.
CXCL6 is an important paracrine factor in the pro-angiogenic human cardiac progenitor-like cell secretome
Authors: Torán José Luis , Aguilar Susana , López Juan Antonio , Torroja Carlos , Quintana Juan Antonio , Santiago Cesar , Abad José Luis , Gomes-Alves Patricia , Gonzalez Andrés , Bernal Juan Antonio , Jiménez-Borreguero Luis Jesús , Alves Paula Marques , R-Borlado Luis , Vázquez Jesús , Bernad Antonio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStudies in recent years have established that the principal effects in cardiac cell therapy are associated with paracrine/autocrine factors. We combined several complementary techniques to define human cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) secretome constituted by 914 proteins/genes; 51% of these are associated with the exosomal compartment. To define the set of proteins specifically or highly differentially secreted by CPC, we compared human mesenchymal stem cells and dermal fibroblasts; the study defined a group of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines expressed at high to medium levels by CPC. Among them, IL-1, GROa (CXCL1), CXCL6 (GCP2) and IL-8 are examples whose expression was confirmed by most techniques used. ELISA showed that CXCL6 is significantly overexpressed in CPC conditioned medium (CM) (18- to 26-fold) and western blot confirmed expression of its receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. Addition of anti-CXCL6 completely abolished migration in CPC-CM compared with anti-CXCR2, which promoted partial inhibition, and anti-CXCR1, which was inefficient. Anti-CXCL6 also significantly inhibited CPC CM angiogenic activity. In vivo evaluation also supported a relevant role for angiogenesis. Altogether, these results suggest a notable angiogenic potential in CPC-CM and identify CXCL6 as an important paracrine factor for CPC that signals mainly through CXCR2.
Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd reduce polyps formation while reinstate the dysbiotic gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment in ApcMin/+ mice
Authors: Huang Guoxin , Khan Imran , Li Xiaoang , Chen Lei , Leong Waikit , Ho Leung Tsun , Hsiao W. L. Wendy 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStudies showed that manipulation of gut microbiota (GM) composition through the treatment of prebiotics could be a novel preventive measure against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In this study, for the first time, we assessed the non-toxic doses of the triterpene saponins (ginsenoside-Rb3 and ginsenoside-Rd) – as prebiotics – that effectively reinstated the dysbiotic-gut microbial composition and intestinal microenvironment in an ApcMin/+ mice model. Rb3 and Rd effectively reduced the size and the number of the polyps that accompanied with the downregulation of oncogenic signaling molecules (iNOS, STAT3/pSTAT3, Src/pSrc). Both the compounds improved the gut epithelium by promoting goblet and Paneth cells population and reinstating the E-cadherin and N-Cadherin expression. Mucosal immunity remodeled with increased in anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced in pro-inflammatory cytokines in treated mice. All these changes were correlating with the promoted growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens. Whereas, the abundance of cancer cachexia associated bacteria, such as Dysgonomonas spp. and Helicobacter spp., was profoundly lower in Rb3/Rd-treated mice. In conclusion, ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd exerted anti-cancer effects by holistically reinstating mucosal architecture, improving mucosal immunity, promoting beneficial bacteria, and down-regulating cancer-cachexia associated bacteria.
Laser-Generated Proton Beams for High-Precision Ultra-Fast Crystal Synthesis
Authors: Barberio M. , Scisciò M. , Vallières S. , Veltri S. , Morabito A. , Antici P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe present a method for the synthesis of micro-crystals and micro-structured surfaces using laser-accelerated protons. In this method, a solid surface material having a low melting temperature is irradiated with very-short laser-generated protons, provoking in the ablation process thermodynamic conditions that are between the boiling and the critical point. The intense and very quick proton energy deposition (in the ns range) induces an explosive boiling and produces microcrystals that nucleate in a plasma plume composed by ions and atoms detached from the laser-irradiated surface. The synthesized particles in the plasma plume are then deposited onto a cold neighboring, non-irradiated, solid secondary surface. We experimentally verify the synthesizing methods by depositing low-melting-material microcrystals - such as gold - onto nearby silver surfaces and modeling the proton/matter interaction via a Monte Carlo code, confirming that we are in the above described thermodynamic conditions. Morphological and crystallinity measurements indicate the formation of gold octahedral crystals with dimensions around 1.2 μm, uniformly distributed onto a silver surface with dimensions in the tens of mm2. This laser-accelerated particle based synthesis method paves the way for the development of new material synthesis using ultrashort laser-accelerated particle beams.
Engineered optical properties of silver-aluminum alloy nanoparticles embedded in SiON matrix for maximizing light confinement in plasmonic silicon solar cells
Authors: Parashar Piyush K. , Komarala Vamsi K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSelf-assembled silver-aluminum (Ag-Al) alloy nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in SiO2, Si3N4, and SiON dielectric thin film matrices explored as a hybrid plasmonic structure for silicon solar cells to maximize light confinement. The Ag2Al NPs prepared by ex-vacuo solid-state dewetting, and alloy formation confirmed by X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Nanoindentation by atomic force microscopy revealed better surface adhesion of alloy NPs on silicon surface than Ag NPs due to the Al presence. The SiON spacer layer/Ag2Al NPs reduced silicon average reflectance from 22.7% to 9.2% due to surface plasmonic and antireflection effects. The SiON capping layer on NPs reduced silicon reflectance from 9.2% to 3.6% in wavelength region 300–1150 nm with preferential forward light scattering due to uniform Coulombic restoring force on NPs’ surface. Minimum reflectance and parasitic absorptance from 35 nm SiON/Ag2Al NPs/25 nm SiON structure reflected in plasmonic cell’s photocurrent enhancement from 26.27 mA/cm2 (of bare cell) to 34.61 mA/cm2 due to the better photon management. Quantum efficiency analysis also showed photocurrent enhancement of cell in surface plasmon resonance and off-resonance regions of NPs. We also quantified dielectric thin film antireflection and alloy NPs plasmonic effects separately in cell photocurrent enhancement apart from hybrid plasmonic structure role.
Nonuniform subduction of the Indian crust beneath the Himalayas
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Li Wenhui , Gao Rui , Xu Xiao , Li Hongqiang , Huang Xingfu , Ye Zhuo , Lu Zhanwu , Klemperer Simon L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHimalayan tectonic activity is triggered by downward penetration of the Indian plate beneath the Asian plate. The subsurface geometry of this interaction has not been fully investigated. This study presents novel constraints on this geometry provided by two newly obtained, deep seismic reflection profiles. The profiles cover 100- and 60-km transects across the Yarlung-Zangbo suture of the Himalaya-Tibet orogen at c. 88°E. Both profiles show a crustal-scale outline of the subducting Indian crust. This outline clearly shows Indian understhrusting southern Tibet, but only to a limited degree. When combined with a third seismic reflection profile of the western Himalayas, the new profiles reveal progressive, eastward steepening and shortening in the horizontal advance of the subducting Indian crust.