bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labour Migration and Economic Growth in East and South‐East Asia
Authors: Walmsley Terrie , Aguiar Angel , Ahmed Syud Amer 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEast and South‐East Asia will face major demographic changes over the next few decades with many countries’ labour forces starting to decline, while others experience higher labour force growth as populations and/or participation rates increase. A well‐managed labour migration strategy presents itself as a mechanism for ameliorating the impending labour shortages in some East Asia–Pacific countries, while providing an opportunity for other countries with excess labour to provide migrant workers who will contribute to the development of the home country through greater remittance flows. This paper examines such migration policy options using a global dynamic economic simulation approach and finds that allowing migrants to respond to the major demographic changes occurring in Asia over the next 50 years would be beneficial to most economies in the region in terms of real incomes and real GDP over the 2007–50 period. Such a policy could deeply affect the net migration position of a country. Countries that were net recipients under current migration policies might become net senders under the more liberal policy regime.
Delivering profit?
Authors: Brown Richard 
Published: November 2015

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved.In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, ‘Delivering profit?’, was submitted and is discussed by Richard Brown. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue. Discussion of the dilemma ‘Accounting for a lame cow’, which was published in the October issue of In Practice, appears on page 551.The series is being coordinated by Siobhan Mullan, of the University of Bristol. It is hoped it will provide a framework that will help practices find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
Higgs decay H → γγ: New theoretical results and possible experimental implications
Authors: Gastmans R. , Wu Sau Lan , Wu Tai Tsun 
Published: November 2015

The contribution of one [Formula: see text] loop to the decay of the Higgs particle into two gammas is recalculated. Since this matrix element is finite in the standard model, it should be calculated in a straightforward way without artifacts such as regularization or ghosts. The result of the present calculation differs from the previous one, giving a Higgs decay rate smaller by a factor of 2 in the mass range of physical interest. In view of the results from the ATLAS Collaboration and the CMS Collaboration, this leads to possible far-reaching experimental consequences.
Micronutrient Program Costs: Sources of Variations and Noncomparabilities
Authors: Fiedler John L. , Puett Chloe 
Published: November 2015

Background Micronutrient interventions are contributing to substantial reductions in global morbidity and mortality. As the diversity and coverage of these interventions expand, it is increasingly important to understand their distinct roles and contributions, and the resources they require. To date, comparing program resource use has been hampered by several noncomparabilities in cost studies relating to diverse intervention activities and service delivery pathways, along with differences in methodological approaches. Objective To promote better understanding of the variations and noncomparabilities in costs and cost structures of micronutrient interventions. Methods Cost studies on supplementation, fortification and biofortification programs from the published and gray literature were reviewed ( n = 130). Results Specific areas of noncomparability identified include intervention characteristics and country context, as well as differences in methodological considerations, including data sources and definition of cost centers. Moreover, analyses vary significantly in terms of types of costs included. Implications and practical recommendations for standardizing future costing studies are provided. Conclusions Methodological variations and noncomparabilities do much more than limit the ability to make direct comparisons of costing studies; they carry important implications for the adoption, design, and implementation of interventions in countries suffering from micronutrient deficiencies. This study synthesizes evidence on the level of support required (both financial and otherwise) for programs to achieve desirable levels of coverage and performance. Having comparable and accurate estimates of costs is a necessary first step in planning for and implementing interventions that are of adequate scale and adequately resourced.
The origin and evolution of queen and fertility signals in Corbiculate bees
Authors: Caliari Oliveira Ricardo , Oi Cintia Akemi , do Nascimento Mauricio Meirelles Castro , Vollet-Neto Ayrton , Alves Denise Araujo , Campos Maria Claudia , Nascimento Fabio , Wenseleers Tom 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn social Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps), various chemical compounds present on the cuticle have been shown to act as fertility signals. In addition, specific queen-characteristic hydrocarbons have been implicated as sterility-inducing queen signals in ants, wasps and bumblebees. In Corbiculate bees, however, the chemical nature of queen-characteristic and fertility-linked compounds appears to be more diverse than in ants and wasps. Moreover, it remains unknown how queen signals evolved across this group and how they might have been co-opted from fertility signals in solitary ancestors.ResultsHere, we perform a phylogenetic analysis of fertility-linked compounds across 16 species of solitary and eusocial bee species, comprising both literature data as well as new primary data from a key solitary outgroup species, the oil-collecting beeCentris analis, and the highly eusocial stingless beeScaptotrigona depilis.Our results demonstrate the presence of fertility-linked compounds belonging to 12 different chemical classes. In addition, we find that some classes of compounds (linear and branched alkanes, alkenes, esters and fatty acids) were already present as fertility-linked signals in the solitary ancestors of Corbiculate bees, while others appear to be specific to certain species.ConclusionOverall, our results suggest that queen signals in Corbiculate bees are likely derived from ancestral fertility-linked compounds present in solitary bees that lacked reproductive castes. These original fertility-linked cues or signals could have been produced either as a by-product of ovarian activation or could have served other communicative purposes, such as in mate recognition or the regulation of egg-laying.
Variation at the DRD4 locus is associated with wariness and local site selection in urban black swans
Authors: van Dongen Wouter F.D. , Robinson Randall W. , Weston Michael A. , Mulder Raoul A. , Guay Patrick-Jean 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundInteractions between wildlife and humans are increasing. Urban animals are often less wary of humans than their non-urban counterparts, which could be explained by habituation, adaptation or local site selection. Under local site selection, individuals that are less tolerant of humans are less likely to settle in urban areas. However, there is little evidence for such temperament-based site selection, and even less is known about its underlying genetic basis. We tested whether site selection in urban and non-urban habitats by black swans (Cygnus atratus) was associated with polymorphisms in two genes linked to fear in animals, the dopamine receptor D4(DRD4) and serotonin transporter (SERT) genes.ResultsWariness in swans was highly repeatable between disturbance events (repeatability = 0.61) and non-urban swans initiated escape from humans earlier than urban swans. We found no inter-individual variation in the SERT gene, but identified five DRD4 genotypes and an association between DRD4 genotype and wariness. Individuals possessing the most common DRD4 genotype were less wary than individuals possessing rarer genotypes. As predicted by the local site selection hypothesis, genotypes associated with wary behaviour were over three times more frequent at the non-urban site. This resulted in moderate population differentiation at DRD4 (FST = 0.080), despite the sites being separated by only 30 km, a short distance for this highly-mobile species. Low population differentiation at neutrally-selected microsatellite loci and the likely occasional migration of swans between the populations reduces the likelihood of local site adaptations.ConclusionOur results suggest that wariness in swans is partly genetically-determined and that wary swans settle in less-disturbed areas. More generally, our findings suggest that site-specific management strategies may be necessary that consider the temperament of local animals.
Molecular phylogeny of Acer monspessulanum L. subspecies from Iran inferred using the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA
Authors: KHADEMI HANIF , MEHREGAN IRAJ , ASSADI MOSTOFA , NEJADSATARI TAHER , ZARRE SHAHIN 
Published: November 2015

Khademi H, Mehregan I, Assadi M, Nejadsatari T, Zarre S. 2015. Molecular phylogeny of Acer monspessulanum L.Â subspecies from Iran inferred using the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Biodiversitas 17: 16-23. This study was carried out onÂ the Acer monspessulanum complex growing wild in Iran. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences for 75 samples representing fiveÂ different subspecies of Acer monspessulanum were analyzed. Beside this, 86 previously published ITS sequences from GenBank wereÂ used to test the monophyly of the complex worldwide. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Bayesian inference and maximumÂ parsimony. The results indicate that most samples of A. monspessulanum species from Iran were part of a monophyletic clade with 8Â samples of A. ibericum from Georgia, A. hyrcanum from Iran and one of A. sempervirens from Greece (PP= 1; BS= 79%). Our resultsÂ indicate that use of morphological characteristics coupled with molecular data will be most effective.
Medical Malpractice Concerns and Defensive Medicine
Authors: Reisch Lisa M. , Carney Patricia A. , Oster Natalia V. , Weaver Donald L. , Nelson Heidi D. , Frederick Paul D. , Elmore Joann G. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Objectives
“Assurance behaviors” in medical practice involve providing additional services of marginal or no medical value to avoid adverse outcomes, deter patients from filing malpractice claims, or ensure that legal standards of care were met. The extent to which concerns about medical malpractice influence assurance behaviors of pathologists interpreting breast specimens is unknown.

Methods
Breast pathologists (n = 252) enrolled in a nationwide study completed an online survey of attitudes regarding malpractice and perceived alterations in interpretive behavior due to concerns of malpractice. Associations between pathologist characteristics and the impact of malpractice concerns on personal and colleagues’ assurance behaviors were determined by χ2 and logistic regression analysis.

Results
Most participants reported using one or more assurance behaviors due to concerns about medical malpractice for both their personal (88%) and colleagues’ (88%) practices, including ordering additional stains, recommending additional surgical sampling, obtaining second reviews, or choosing the more severe diagnosis for borderline cases. Nervousness over breast pathology was positively associated with assurance behavior and remained statistically significant in a multivariable logistic regression model (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–6.1; P = .043).

Conclusions
Practicing US breast pathologists report exercising defensive medicine by using assurance behaviors due to malpractice concerns.
HAND1 loss-of-function mutation associated with familial dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhou Yi-Meng , Dai Xiao-Yong , Qiu Xing-Biao , Yuan Fang , Li Ruo-Gu , Xu Ying-Jia , Qu Xin-Kai , Huang Ri-Tai , Xue Song , Yang Yi-Qing 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Background: The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor HAND1 is essential for cardiac development and structural remodeling, and mutations in HAND1 have been causally linked to various congenital heart diseases. However, whether genetically compromised HAND1 predisposes to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in humans remains unknown.

Methods: The whole coding region and splicing junctions of the HAND1 gene were sequenced in 140 unrelated patients with idiopathic DCM. The available family members of the index patient carrying an identified mutation and 260 unrelated ethnically matched healthy individuals used as controls were genotyped for HAND1. The functional effect of the mutant HAND1 was characterized in contrast to its wild-type counterpart by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system.

Results: A novel heterozygous HAND1 mutation, p.R105X, was identified in a family with DCM transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, which co-segregated with DCM in the family with complete penetrance. The nonsense mutation was absent in 520 control chromosomes. Functional analyses unveiled that the mutant HAND1 had no transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the mutation abolished the synergistic activation between HAND1 and GATA4, another crucial cardiac transcription factors that has been associated with various congenital cardiovascular malformations and DCM.

Conclusions: This study firstly reports the association of HAND1 loss-of-function mutation with increased susceptibility to DCM in humans, which provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning DCM.
Phase composition and morphological analysis of human gallstones using IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray Rietveld analysis
Authors: Pramanik Samiran , Ghosh Soumen , Roy Arkaprovo , Mukherjee Ramanuj , Mukherjee Alok Kumar 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Quantitative phase composition and morphological characterization of 12 human gallbladder stones (GS1–GS12) retrieved from patients of eastern India have been carried out using IR-spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FTIR spectra indicated that the primary composition of gallstones studied was cholesterol. X-ray powder diffraction study revealed cholesterol monohydrate (CHM) as the major crystalline phase in GS1–GS12. The Rietveld analysis showed that nine of the gallstones were composed exclusively of CHM, while the remaining three stones contained in addition to CHM, small amounts (4.2–10.6 wt%) of calcium carbonate as aragonite and vaterite. The crystallite size of CHM in GS1–GS12 varied between 82(6) and 249(3) nm. The SEM images of gallstones showed different crystal habits of CHM such as plates, thin rods, rectangular and hexagonal blocks, which resulted into different levels of agglomeration at the mesoscopic scale. Presence of numerous parasitic eggs with a typical muskmelon surface in three gallstones (GS2, GS7 and GS9) suggests possible association between the liver fluke infection and biliary stone formation in these patients. To the best of our knowledge, the study constitutes the first report of X-ray quantitative phase analysis of gallstones using the Rietveld methodology.
Langzeitergebnis nach chirurgischer Behandlung der Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbands bei kleinen Hunden
Authors: Knebel J. , Steigmeier-Raith S. , Reese S. , Meyer-Lindenberg A. , Berger B. 
Published: November 2015

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel: Die Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbands ist die häufigste Kniegelenkerkrankung des Hundes. Seit Einführung von Operationstechniken mit Osteotomie der proximalen Tibia hat sich die Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) bei mittelgroßen, großen und Riesenrassen zu einem der bevorzugt eingesetzten Verfahren entwickelt. In der Vergangenheit erfolgten bei kleinwüchsigen Hunden hingegen häufig extraartikuläre Stabilisierungsverfahren, doch findet auch bei ihnen die TPLO zunehmend Anwendung. Ziel war daher, das Langzeitergebnis der TPLO mit demjenigen einer Technik mit Kapsel-Faszien-Raffung und Fasziendoppelung (engl. lateral capsular-fascial imbrication technique, CFI) bei kleinwüchsigen Hunden zu vergleichen. Material und Methoden: Die Untersuchung erstreckte sich auf 40 Kniegelenke von 30 kleinwüchsigen Hunden (≤ 15 kg), bei denen eine Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbands mittels TPLO (n = 23) oder CFI (n = 17) versorgt wurde. Die Kontrolluntersuchungen wurden klinisch, röntgenologisch, ganganalytisch sowie mithilfe eines Besitzerfragebogens bei allen Patienten frühestens 6 Monate nach der Operation durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Bei der objektiven ganganalytischen Datenerhebung wiesen 21 von 23 (91,3%) der mittels TPLO operierten Kniegelenke und fünf von 17 (29,4%) der extraartikulär stabilisierten Kniegelenke vertikale Spitzenkräfte, vertikale Impulswerte und Symmetrie-Indizes auf, die mit denen gesunder Hunde vergleichbar waren. Bei Patienten beider Gruppen zeigte sich durchschnittlich eine geringgradige, wenn auch stetige Progression der Osteoarthrose. Nach Anwendung der TPLO wurde die operierte Gliedmaße signifikant früher belastet und die Besitzerzufriedenheit war höher. Schlussfolgerung: Bei kleinwüchsigen Hunden (≤ 15 kg) mit Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbands führt die TPLO zu sehr guten klinischen und ganganalytischen Langzeitergebnissen sowie zu einer sehr hohen Besitzerzufriedenheit. Klinische Relevanz: Die TPLO erschien der CFI in dieser Untersuchung überlegen. Dennoch sollte dieses extraartikuläre Stabilisierungsverfahren unter bestimmten Umständen bei der Therapiewahl Berücksichtigung finden.
“No Symbols Where None Intended”
Authors: Gang Joshua 
Published: November 2015

What does the average middle schooler know about close reading?Launched in 2010 and adopted by forty-three states and the District of Columbia, the Common Core State Standards read like aWell Wrought Urnfor kids—a New Critical primer for a new generation. From kindergarten through grade 12, close reading is the backbone of literary curricula. With each passing year, students perform close readings of increasing complexity—and with what feels like increasing adherence to New Critical doctrine. According to the Common Core reading standards, fifth graders must be able to “determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative language such as metaphors and similes.” They must also be able to explain “how a series of chapters, scenes, or stanzas fits together to provide the overall structure of a particular story, drama, or poem” (12). By eighth grade, students must be able to “provide an objective summary of the text” and “compare and contrast the structure of two or more texts and analyze how the differing structure of each text contributes to its meaning and style” (36). And by eleventh or twelfth grade, they must “cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the text leaves matters uncertain” (38). Students meeting these standards, we are told, can “readily undertake the close, attentive reading that is at the heart of understanding and enjoying complex literature” (3). In their textbookUnderstanding Poetry(1938), which popularized close reading across North American universities, Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren announced a similar goal: “to present to the student, in proper context and after proper preparation, some of the basic critical problems—with the aim, not of making technical critics, but merely of making competent readers of poetry” (xiv).
Hamaca Paraguaya: luto e resistência no cinema latino-americano contemporâneo
Authors: França Bárbara Xavier 
Published: November 2015

Como o filme paraguaio Hamaca Paraguaya (Paz Encina, 2006) cifra a história? O filme, o primeiro longa realizado no país desde 1978, apresenta um casal de velhos sentados em uma rede, reclamando das intempéries do dia e da ausência do filho, que partiu para uma guerra e possivelmente lá morreu. O presente trabalho toma aspectos da escritura fílmica como as repetições presentes nos diálogos entre os personagens, no posicionamento de câmera e nos padrões da montagem, bem como na utilização do extracampo e no desenvolvimento narrativo buscando pensar a ideia de um tempo suspenso. A partir de então, discute como esse estado pode expressar uma relação com a memória de períodos traumáticos, como a guerra, resistindo ao luto e ao esquecimento. Por fim, coloca Hamaca em relação ao cinema latino-americano contemporâneo e aos “cinemas novos” que surgiram na região. Como o filme paraguaio Hamaca Paraguaya (Paz Encina, 2006) cifra a história? O filme, o primeiro longa realizado no país desde 1978, apresenta um casal de velhos sentados em uma rede, reclamando das intempéries do dia e da ausência do filho, que partiu para uma guerra e possivelmente lá morreu. O presente trabalho toma aspectos da escritura fílmica como as repetições presentes nos diálogos entre os personagens, no posicionamento de câmera e nos padrões da montagem, bem como na utilização do extracampo e no desenvolvimento narrativo buscando pensar a ideia de um tempo suspenso. A partir de então, discute como esse estado pode expressar uma relação com a memória de períodos traumáticos, como a guerra, resistindo ao luto e ao esquecimento. Por fim, coloca Hamaca em relação ao cinema latino-americano contemporâneo e aos “cinemas novos” que surgiram na região.
Proposta de revisão da nota técnica nº 21 do MEC com base em critérios da Gramática do design visual
Authors: Bechir Thaís Fernanda Carvalho 
Published: November 2015

A partir do reconhecimento da audiodescrição como uma técnica de tradução de imagens em palavras, recurso que propicia acessibilidade a cegos e pessoas com baixa visão, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a Nota Técnica nº 21, elaborada pelo MEC, que apresenta ao audiodescritor requisitos para a produção de seu roteiro. Para essa análise, tomaremos como base Lima (2011) e a teoria de Kress e van Leeuwen (2006). Assim, a respeito das orientações apresentadas pela Nota para a descrição de imagem na geração de material didático digital acessível, julgamos necessário propor sua reformulação, visto que ela negligencia informações de direção e sentido em sua proposta. Com o intuito de evidenciar a relevância dessa reformulação, analisamos a história em quadrinho descrita pela Nota, enfatizando a distinção entre os critérios utilizados pelo MEC e pela teoria que pretendemos aplicar. Sendo assim, com relação às principais diretrizes da audiodescrição (LIMA, 2011: 29) – concisão, clareza, correção, especificidade e vividez – enquanto a Nota foca na concisão, nossa proposta privilegia, em contrapartida, as últimas citadas. A partir disso, discutiremos a relevância de novas propostas teóricas capazes de consolidar o modo como se dá a elaboração do roteiro audiodescritivo, que ainda é pouco normatizado. Sabendo-se que a ausência dessas normas impossibilita os audiodescritores de terem recursos de regularização da produção de seu roteiro, aplicando a Gramática do design visual (KRESS; VAN LEEUWEN, 2006) à técnica de audiodescrição, chegamos à conclusão de que ela contém diretrizes que podem contribuir para sua efetiva regulamentação.