bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Day surgery nurses' selection of patient preoperative information
Authors: Mitchell Mark 
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectivesTo determine selection and delivery of preoperative verbal information deemed important by nurses to relay to patients immediately prior to day surgery.BackgroundElective day‐case surgery is expanding, patient turnover is high and nurse–patient contact limited. In the brief time‐frame available, nurses must select and precisely deliver information to patients, provide answers to questions and gain compliance to ensure a sustained, co‐ordinated patient throughput. Concise information selection is therefore necessary especially given continued day surgery expansion.Study designElectronic questionnaire.MethodsA survey investigating nurses' choice of patient information prior to surgery was distributed throughout the UK via email addresses listed on the British Association of Day Surgery member's website (January 2015–April 2015).ResultsParticipants were requested to undertake the survey within 2–3 weeks, with 137 participants completing the survey giving a 44% response rate. Verbal information deemed most important by nurses preoperatively was checking fasting time, information about procedure/operation, checking medication, ensuring presence of medical records/test results and concluding medical investigations checks. To a lesser extent was theatre environment information, procedure/operation start time and possible time to discharge. Significant differences were established between perceived importance of information and information delivery concerning the procedure/operation and anaesthesia details.ConclusionNurses working with competing demands and frequent interruptions, prioritised patient safety information. Although providing technical details during time‐limited encounters, efforts were made to individualise provision. A more formal plan of verbal information provision could help ease nurses' cognitive workload and enhance patient satisfaction.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides evidence that verbal information provided immediately prior to day surgery may vary with experience. Nurse educators and managers may need to provide greater guidance for such complex care settings as delivery of increasingly technical details during brief encounters is gaining increasing priority.
Navigating communication with families during withdrawal of life‐sustaining treatment in intensive care: a qualitative descriptive study in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Bloomer Melissa J , Endacott Ruth , Ranse Kristen , Coombs Maureen A 
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore how nurses navigate communication with families during withdrawal of life‐sustaining treatment in intensive care.BackgroundDeath in the intensive care unit is seldom unexpected and often happens following the withdrawal of life‐sustaining treatment. A family‐centred approach to care relies on the development of a therapeutic relationship and understanding of what is happening to the patient. Whilst previous research has focused on the transition from cure to palliation and the nurse's role in supporting families, less is known about how nurses navigate communication with families during treatment withdrawal.DesignA qualitative descriptive approach was used. Semi‐structured focus groupswere conducted with adult critical care nurses from four intensive care units, two in Australia and two in New Zealand.ResultsTwenty‐one nurses participated in the study. Inductive content analysis revealed five key themes relating to how nurses navigate family communication: (1) establishing theWHO; (2) working outHOW; (3) judgingWHEN; (4) assessing theWHAT; and (5)WHEREthese skills were learnt.ConclusionsNavigating an approach to family communication during treatment withdrawal is a complex and multifaceted nursing activity that is known to contribute to family satisfaction with care. There is need for support and ongoing education opportunities that develop the art of communication in this frequently encountered aspect of end‐of‐life care.Relevance to clinical practiceHow nurses navigate communication with families during treatment withdrawal is just as important as what is communicated. Nurses need access to supports and education opportunities in order to be able to perform this vital role.
Medication‐taking behaviours in chronic kidney disease with multiple chronic conditions: a meta‐ethnographic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Bartlett Ellis Rebecca J , Welch Janet L 
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectivesTo identify behaviours associated with taking medications and medication adherence reported in qualitative studies of adults with chronic kidney disease and coexisting multiple chronic conditions.BackgroundTo inform medication adherence interventions, information is needed to clarify the nature of the relationships between behaviours that support medication‐taking and medication adherence in multiple chronic conditions.DesignMeta‐ethnographic review and synthesis.MethodsCINAHL Complete, MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched. Five qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. A meta‐ethnographic approach was used for synthesis. Medication‐taking behaviours were abstracted from study findings and synthesised according to the contexts in which they occur and interpreted within a new developing framework named the Medication‐taking Across the Care Continuum and Adherence‐related Outcomes.ResultsTwenty categories of medication‐taking behaviours occurred in three main contexts: (1) patient–provider clinical encounters, (2) pharmacy encounters and (3) day‐to‐day management. These behaviours are distinctly different, multilevel and interrelated. Together they represent a process occurring across a continuum.ConclusionsFuture medication adherence research should consider using a multilevel ecological view of medication management. Clinical practice and policy development can benefit from further understanding socio‐contextual behaviours that occur across the continuum. Nurses should have greater presence in chronic disease management and be positioned to support the day‐to‐day home management of patients' medications.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals can partner with patients to elucidate how these behaviours are enacted across the care continuum and in day‐to‐day management to identify opportunities to intervene on specific behaviours and promote medication adherence.
Buyout Activity: The Impact of Aggregate Discount Rates
Authors: HADDAD VALENTIN , LOUALICHE ERIK , PLOSSER MATTHEW 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTBuyout booms form in response to declines in the aggregate risk premium. We document that the equity risk premium is the primary determinant of buyout activity rather than credit‐specific conditions. We articulate a simple explanation for this phenomenon: a low risk premium increases the present value of performance gains and decreases the cost of holding an illiquid investment. A panel of U.S. buyouts confirms this view. The risk premium shapes changes in buyout characteristics over the cycle, including their riskiness, leverage, and performance. Our results underscore the importance of the risk premium in corporate finance decisions.
Bank Leverage and Monetary Policy's Risk‐Taking Channel: Evidence from the United States
Authors: DELL'ARICCIA GIOVANNI , LAEVEN LUC , SUAREZ GUSTAVO A. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTWe present evidence of a risk‐taking channel of monetary policy for the U.S. banking system. We use confidential data on banks’ internal ratings on loans to businesses over the period 1997 to 2011 from the Federal Reserve's Survey of Terms of Business Lending. We find that ex ante risk‐taking by banks (measured by the risk rating of new loans) is negatively associated with increases in short‐term interest rates. This relationship is more pronounced in regions that are less in sync with the nationwide business cycle, and less pronounced for banks with relatively low capital or during periods of financial distress.
Efficacy of ormeloxifene versus oral contraceptive in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding due to uterine leiomyoma
Authors: Kriplani Alka , Srivastava Astha , Kulshrestha Vidushi , Kachhawa Garima , Agarwal Nutan , Bhatla Neerja , Hari Smriti 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimTo compare ormeloxifene with combined oral contraceptive (COC) in abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) due to leiomyoma (AUB‐L).MethodsFifty women with AUB‐L were randomized after informed consent and institute ethics clearance. Group I (n = 25) was given ormeloxifene (a SERM i.e. selective estrogen receptor modulator) 60 mg twice per week and group II (n = 25) was given COC (ethinyl estradiol 30 μg with desogestrel 150 μg) on days 1–21 for 6 months. Menstrual blood loss was assessed on pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) score and leiomyoma volume was assessed on ultrasound. Fibroids were classified according to FIGO‐PALM‐COEIN classification for AUB where leiomyomas were further sub‐classified as types 0 to 8 according to their location. Follow up was done at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months.ResultsMean PBAC score reduced by 81% with ormeloxifene (group I) compared with 43.8% for COC (group II). After 6 months, 18 patients (72%) in group I had PBAC score in the non‐menorrhagic range (<100) compared with only two (8%) in group II. In group I, PBAC score in FIGO‐PALM‐COEIN leiomyoma types 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 reduced by 90.2%, 82.5%, 93.3%, 56.4% and 100%, respectively and 14 (56%) developed amenorrhea; compared with reduction of 64%, 27.5%, 25.9% in types 4, 5 and 6, respectively in group II. Dysmenorrhea visual analog scale score decreased in both groups. Mean leiomyoma volume increased in both groups: by 25.7% with ormeloxifene versus 16.9% with COC; only grade 2 leiomyoma in group I reduced by 44%. One patient in group II with grade 2 leiomyoma discontinued treatment at 3 months. Seven patients (28%) developed ovarian cyst in group I with no other major adverse effect in either group.ConclusionOrmeloxifene with its convenient twice‐weekly dosage schedule was effective in treating AUB‐L, with 72% of patients responding to 6‐month treatment compared with 8% with COC, even though leiomyoma volume increased insignificantly with both ormeloxifene and COCs.
Excellent analytical and clinical performance of a dry self‐sampling device for human papillomavirus detection in an urban Chinese referral population
Authors: Chen KeWei , Ouyang YiQin , Hillemanns Peter , Jentschke Matthias 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate the analytical and clinical effectiveness of cervicovaginal self‐sampling with a dry sampling device (Evalyn Brush) for high‐risk human papillomavirus (hr‐HPV) testing and detection of cervical disease.MethodsThe study population consisted of 101 patients from a large gynecological outpatient clinic in Shanghai referred for abnormal cervical screening results and 101 women without cervical lesions. Self‐samples obtained in the clinic and physician‐collected cervical specimens (reference) were stored at −20 °C for 16–18 weeks and then transferred to 20 ml of ThinPrep medium and tested for hr‐HPV using a multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction assay. All women had a colposcopic examination with a Pap smear and directed or random biopsies.ResultsHigh risk‐HPV was detected in 92 patients (45.5%) with the self‐collected cervicovaginal specimens and in 93 (46.0%) with the physician‐collected cervical specimens, resulting in an agreement of 97.5% and a Kappa of 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.91–0.99). Among all of the included women, 46 (22.8%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3+). Hr‐HPV was found in 43 of these patients (93.5%) with self‐sampling and in 44 (95.7%) with the physician‐collected specimens.ConclusionsSelf‐collected dry cervicovaginal samples transferred to ThinPrep medium and tested for hr‐HPV using a clinically validated polymerase chain reaction assay showed very good agreement with physician‐collected cervical specimens and a very high hr‐HPV positivity rate for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 +.
Indebted Relationships: Child Support Arrears and Nonresident Fathers' Involvement With Children
Authors: Turner Kimberly J. , Waller Maureen R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLow‐income, nonresident fathers owe a disproportionate amount of child support arrears, creating potential challenges for these fathers and their family relationships. This article uses mediation analysis to provide new evidence about how and why child support debt is related to paternal involvement using information from 1,017 nonresident fathers in the Fragile Families Study. Results show that child support arrears are associated with nonresident fathers having significantly less contact with children, being less engaged with them in daily activities, and providing less frequent in‐kind support 9 years after the birth. This negative association between child support debt and father involvement is most strongly and consistently mediated by the quality of the relationship between the biological parents. Although child support policies are designed to facilitate fathers' economic and emotional support, these results suggest that the accruement of child support debt may serve as an important barrier to father involvement.
Hedgehog signal expression in articular cartilage of rat temporomandibular joint and association with adjuvant‐induced osteoarthritis
Authors: Xu Ting , Xu Gaoli , Gu Zhiyuan , Wu Huiling 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the changes in hedgehog (Hh) expression and its possible effects on cartilage degeneration in adjuvant‐induced temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) of rats.MethodsForty‐eight male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental osteoarthritis (OA) and sham control groups. The bilateral TMJs of six rats from each group were harvested at three, seven, 14, and 28 days. Histological changes in condylar cartilage were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue, and safranin O staining. The expression of Hh signal‐related proteins including Indian hedgehog (Ihh), patched‐1 (Ptch1), smoothened (Smo), glioma‐associated oncogene homologue1 (Gli1) in cartilage was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13), type X collagen, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS‐5) in cartilage was evaluated by Western blot.ResultsThe histological analysis showed marked cartilage degeneration in adjuvant‐induced OA groups, including reduced cartilage cellular density, thinner and degraded cartilage, and decreased proteoglycan content in the extracellular matrix. Compared with matched control groups, the expression of Ihh, Ptch1, Smo, and Gli1 in the OA groups was higher in a time‐dependent manner. The protein levels of MMP‐13, type X collagen, and ADAMTS‐5 were substantially increased in OA cartilage compared with those in matched control rats.ConclusionThese results indicate that the activation of Ihh signaling may be correlated with pathological changes of condylar cartilage in adjuvant‐induced TMJOA.
Glypican‐3 distinguishes aggressive from non‐aggressive odontogenic tumors: a preliminary study
Authors: Mendes Ramon Barreto , Dias Rosane Borges , Figueiredo Andreia Leal , Gurgel Clarissa Araújo , Santana Filho Manoel , Melo Leonardo Araújo , Trierveiler Marília , Cury Patrícia Ramos , Leonardi Rosalia , Dos Santos Jean Nunes 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundGlypican‐3 is a cell surface proteoglycan that is found in embrionary tissues, and there are no studies investigating this protein in odontogenic tumor. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate glypican‐3 in a series of aggressive and non‐aggressive odontogenic tumors.MethodsFifty‐nine cases of tumors were divided into aggressive odontogenic tumors (20 solid ameloblastomas, four unicystic ameloblastoma, 28 KOTs including five associated with Gorlin–Goltz syndrome) and non‐aggressive odontogenic tumors (five adenomatoid odontogenic tumors and two calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors) and analyzed for glypican‐3 using immunohistochemistry.ResultsGlypican‐3 was observed in seven solid ameloblastoma and eighteen keratocystic odontogenic tumors including three of the five syndromic cases, but there was no significant difference between syndromic and sporadic cases (P > 0.05; Fisher's exact Test). All cases of unicystic ameloblastoma (n = 4), adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (n = 5), and calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (n = 2) were negative.ConclusionsThis provided insights into the presence of glypican‐3 in odontogenic tumors. This protein distinguished aggressive from non‐aggressive odontogenic tumors.
Pharmacokinetics of liposomal encapsulated buprenorphine suspension following subcutaneous administration to cats
Authors: Johnson R. J. , Kerr C. L. , Enouri S. S. , Modi P. , Lascelles B. D. X. , del Castillo J. R. E. 
Published: September 2016

We investigated the effects of liposome encapsulation at prolonging the systemic exposure of buprenorphine following subcutaneous administration in cats. Seven healthy male cats were dosed intravenously with 0.02 mg/kg buprenorphine solution (STD‐BUP), followed 14 days later by a subcutaneous injection of 0.2 mg/kg buprenorphine as a liposomal suspension (SUS‐BUP) containing drug molecules both in liposomes and the suspending vehicle. Buprenorphine time plasma concentration data for both dosing routes were analyzed simultaneously with four compartmental models. Goodness of fit was assessed both graphically and with the Akaike information criterion. The time‐course of intravenous STD‐BUP was biphasic, with a 4.39 h average terminal half‐life. The subcutaneous SUS‐BUP produced plasma buprenorphine concentrations above 0.5 μg/L for more than 96 h, with three distinct peaks in the first 15 h. The model with best fit comprised a central and a peripheral compartment, plus three subcutaneous absorption compartments: one of dissolved drug molecules that were absorbed through a first‐order process, and two of liposome‐encapsulated drug molecules that were transferred to the solution compartment through separate zero‐order processes. Liposomes effectively prolonged the systemic exposure of buprenorphine in cats.
Suboptimal breastfeeding in the United States: Maternal and pediatric health outcomes and costs
Authors: Bartick Melissa C. , Schwarz Eleanor Bimla , Green Brittany D. , Jegier Briana J. , Reinhold Arnold G. , Colaizy Tarah T. , Bogen Debra L. , Schaefer Andrew J. , Stuebe Alison M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to quantify the excess cases of pediatric and maternal disease, death, and costs attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding rates in the United States. Using the current literature on the associations between breastfeeding and health outcomes for nine pediatric and five maternal diseases, we created Monte Carlo simulations modeling a hypothetical cohort of U.S. women followed from age 15 to age 70 years and their children from birth to age 20 years. We examined disease outcomes using (a) 2012 breastfeeding rates and (b) assuming that 90% of infants were breastfed according to medical recommendations. We measured annual excess cases, deaths, and associated costs, in 2014 dollars, using a 2% discount rate. Annual excess deaths attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding total 3,340 (95% confidence interval [1,886 to 4,785]), 78% of which are maternal due to myocardial infarction (n = 986), breast cancer (n = 838), and diabetes (n = 473). Excess pediatric deaths total 721, mostly due to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (n = 492) and necrotizing enterocolitis (n = 190). Medical costs total $3.0 billion, 79% of which are maternal. Costs of premature death total $14.2 billion. The number of women needed to breastfeed as medically recommended to prevent an infant gastrointestinal infection is 0.8; acute otitis media, 3; hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infection, 95; maternal hypertension, 55; diabetes, 162; and myocardial infarction, 235. For every 597 women who optimally breastfeed, one maternal or child death is prevented. Policies to increase optimal breastfeeding could result in substantial public health gains. Breastfeeding has a larger impact on women's health than previously appreciated.
A statistical model of the penetrating arterioles and venules in the human cerebral cortex
Authors: El‐Bouri Wahbi K. , Payne Stephen J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveModels of the cerebral microvasculature are required at many different scales in order to understand the effects of microvascular topology on CBF. There are, however, no data‐driven models at the arteriolar/venular scale. In this paper, we develop a data‐driven algorithm based on available data to generate statistically accurate penetrating arterioles and venules.MethodsA novel order‐based density‐filling algorithm is developed based on the statistical data including bifurcating angles, LDRs, and area ratios. Three thousand simulations are presented, and the results validated against morphological data. These are combined with a previous capillary network in order to calculate full vascular network parameters.ResultsStatistically accurate penetrating trees were successfully generated. All properties provided a good fit to experimental data. The k exponent had a median of 2.5 and an interquartile range of 1.75‐3.7. CBF showed a standard deviation ranging from ±18% to ±34% of the mean, depending on the penetrating vessel diameter.ConclusionsSmall CBF variations indicate that the topology of the penetrating vessels plays only a small part in the large regional variations of CBF seen in the brain. These results open up the possibility of efficient oxygen and blood flow simulations at MRI voxel scales which can be directly validated against MRI data.
Exploring hypotheses and rationale for causes of infantile colic
Authors: Camilleri M. , Park S.‐Y. , Scarpato E. , Staiano A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundInfantile colic is a frequent problem in neonates and infants. This review addresses current management including the results for nutrient modifications; soy‐based formulas; and prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics.PurposeGiven the evidence that there is still an unmet clinical need, as current treatments are incompletely efficacious, we have examined the evidence around three hypothetical mechanisms that could potentially be involved in etiopathogenesis of infantile colic: immaturity of bile acid mechanisms that alter intraluminal and absorptive mechanisms, immaturity in motility and alterations in the microbiome. Understanding these potential mechanisms may lead to the introduction of diagnostic procedures that should enhance the selection or individualization of therapy for infantile colic.
Disaster‐Related Community Resilience: A Concept Analysis and a Call to Action for Nurses
Authors: Heagele Tara 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA paucity of nursing literature is available on disaster‐related community resilience. Using a nursing method for analyzing concepts, this article attempts to clarify the meaning of this novel concept to encourage nursing research and practice. This concept analysis provides an introduction to the phenomenon of disaster‐related community resilience for nurses and consumers of nursing research. The article proposes the definition, antecedents, attributes, consequences, and empirical referents of disaster‐related community resilience and provides suggestions for nursing research and practice. It also provides nurses a foundation for participating in resilience‐building activities that may save lives and allow communities to recover more rapidly postdisaster.