bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptic Biological Invasions: a General Model of Hybridization
Authors: Quilodrán Claudio S. , Austerlitz Frédéric , Currat Mathias , Montoya-Burgos Juan I. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe dispersal of non-native genes due to hybridization is a form of cryptic invasion with growing concern in evolution and conservation. This includes the spread of transgenic genes and antibiotic resistance. To investigate how genes and phenotypes are transmitted, we developed a general model that, for the first time, considers concurrently: multiple loci, quantitative and qualitative gene expression, assortative mating, dominance/recessivity inheritance and density-dependent demographic effects. Selection acting on alleles or genotypes can also be incorporated. Our results reveal that the conclusions about how hybridization threatens a species can be biased if they are based on single-gene models, while considering two or more genes can correct this bias. We also show that demography can amplify or balance the genetic effects, evidencing the need of jointly incorporating both processes. By implementing our model in a real case, we show that mallard ducks introduced in New Zealand benefit from hybridization to replace native grey-ducks. Total displacement can take a few generations and occurs by interspecific competition and by competition between hybrids and natives, demonstrating how hybridization may facilitate biological invasions. We argue that our general model represents a powerful tool for the study of a wide range of biological and societal questions.
The selective reversible FAAH inhibitor, SSR411298, restores the development of maladaptive behaviors to acute and chronic stress in rodents
Authors: Griebel Guy , Stemmelin Jeanne , Lopez-Grancha Mati , Fauchey Valérie , Slowinski Franck , Pichat Philippe , Dargazanli Gihad , Abouabdellah Ahmed , Cohen Caroline , Bergis Olivier E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEnhancing endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) signaling has been considered as a potential strategy for the treatment of stress-related conditions. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) represents the primary degradation enzyme of the eCB anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). This study describes a potent reversible FAAH inhibitor, SSR411298. The drug acts as a selective inhibitor of FAAH, which potently increases hippocampal levels of AEA, OEA and PEA in mice. Despite elevating eCB levels, SSR411298 did not mimic the interoceptive state or produce the behavioral side-effects (memory deficit and motor impairment) evoked by direct-acting cannabinoids. When SSR411298 was tested in models of anxiety, it only exerted clear anxiolytic-like effects under highly aversive conditions following exposure to a traumatic event, such as in the mouse defense test battery and social defeat procedure. Results from experiments in models of depression showed that SSR411298 produced robust antidepressant-like activity in the rat forced-swimming test and in the mouse chronic mild stress model, restoring notably the development of inadequate coping responses to chronic stress. This preclinical profile positions SSR411298 as a promising drug candidate to treat diseases such as post-traumatic stress disorder, which involves the development of maladaptive behaviors.
A Family-Centered Feeding Intervention to Promote Food Acceptance and Decrease Challenging Behaviors in Children With ASD: Report of Follow-Up Data on a Train-the-Trainer Model Using EAT-UP
Authors: Muldoon Deirdre , Cosbey Joanna 
Published: January 2018

Purpose

This research note outlines the usefulness of Easing Anxiety Together with Understanding and Perseverance (EAT-UP), a train-the-trainer, family-centered feeding intervention, for promoting food acceptance of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This report is a follow-up on a pilot study (
n
= 4) of the EAT-UP intervention previously completed by the same authors.

Method
Participants were 3 families of children with ASD receiving services from an outpatient department of a larger rehabilitation hospital in the northeastern United States. Three professionals working with the families were also recruited and trained by the first author, a speech-language pathologist experienced with the EAT-UP method. Initial assessment was followed by a baseline period for each participant. An individual mealtime plan was drafted for each family. Data on acceptance of less preferred food and the presence of challenging mealtime behaviors were recorded using direct observation and pre-, mid-, and postintervention measures and questionnaires.

Results
All children demonstrated increased food acceptance and dietary diversity and decreased challenging behaviors. Caregivers reported decreases in the frequency of problem behaviors and in the number of problem mealtime behaviors. Measures of procedural fidelity increased from 50% to 100% for registered behavior technicians and parents over the course of the EAT-UP intervention period.

Conclusions
EAT-UP is an effective model for training professionals who work with families of children with ASD and challenging mealtime behavior. Implications for interprofessional practice and research are discussed.
Lactate Dehydrogenase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, and Alanine Aminotransferase Cord Serum Levels as Early Markers of Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy in Babies with Severe Perinatal Asphyxia
Authors: Ogundele Tolulope , Oseni Saheed Babajide A. , Owa Joshua A. , Ogundele Olorunfemi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPerinatal asphyxia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among newborn babies. Severe perinatal asphyxia can be associated with multiple organ dysfunctions resulting in the release of a variety of intracellular enzymes. A major concern is how to identify newborns in need of prompt and aggressive management to minimize the risk of early severe neurological sequelae such as hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy. The present study was performed to determine the relationship between cord serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and severity of perinatal asphyxia among Nigerian newborn babies. This was a prospective, comparative case–control study at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife. Cord blood was collected at delivery for serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Each baby was evaluated for the severity of perinatal asphyxia at 1 minute of life using Apgar scores. Apgar score less than 7 at 1 minute was regarded as perinatal asphyxia. The Apgar scores were related to cord serum levels of the enzymes. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows, version 17.0. One hundred and forty babies, comprising 70 babies with and 70 babies without perinatal asphyxia were studied. Thirty-six (51.4%) of the neonates had severe perinatal asphyxia with Apgar score of 3 and below; 15 (41.7%) of the 36 had hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy. The mean of values of each of the three enzymes was statistically significantly higher in babies with perinatal asphyxia compared with controls (p < 0.001 for each enzyme) and in babies with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy than in babies with severe perinatal asphyxia but without hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (p < 0.001). A very high proportion of babies with severe perinatal asphyxia developed hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy. Based on the cord serum enzyme levels, almost all the babies who had hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy would have been identified at delivery. Routine estimation of the cord serum levels of these enzymes among babies with severe perinatal may be used to identify babies who may develop acute serious neurological complications for anticipatory management.
Current Use of Invasive and Noninvasive Monitors in Academic Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Authors: Rehder Kyle , Ofori-Amanfo George , Turner David , Al-Subu Awni 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo describe the current use of noninvasive monitoring compared with traditional invasive monitoring in Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) accredited fellowship programs in the United States. A web-based survey with the primary aim of describing the utilization of noninvasive monitoring compared with invasive monitoring was distributed to PCCM program directors (PDs) at the 64 accredited fellowship training programs. Questions focused on demographics and the utilization of invasive and noninvasive monitoring for specific patient populations and disease states. Forty-two (66%) PDs responded to the survey. Capnography and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were the most commonly reported noninvasive monitoring technology. Arterial and central venous catheters were widely used. Other invasive monitoring devices were used sparingly. Despite widespread use of both invasive and noninvasive monitoring in academic pediatric critical care units across the United States, there is significant variability in the use of noninvasive monitoring compared with invasive monitoring. Further investigation is needed to define the standard of care for the use of noninvasive monitors as practitioners attempt to optimize care while minimizing risks and complications.
Successful Development and Implementation of Pediatric Sedation-Analgesia Curriculum for Residents
Authors: Raju Venkedesh , Horack Kimberly , Bronson Donna , Deshpande Girish , Tripathi Sandeep 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPediatric residency graduates are increasingly asked to provide procedural sedations. Currently, most programs provide minimal exposure to residents outside of PICU for procedural sedations. We describe the pediatric sedation and analgesia (PSA) evolution and resident experience over the past 6 years at our institution (fiscal year 2010–2015). Administrative database of the PSA team and resident evaluations obtained by respective residency programs were analyzed and presented with standard descriptive analysis. Commutative or where appropriate year-by-year data were analyzed. Over the past 6 years, 100 residents performed 1,742 sedations with 17 ± 6.4 sedations per resident. Lumbar puncture and MRI were the most frequent procedures for sedations performed by residents. There was no statistical difference in complication rates in sedations performed by residents (28.6 ± 16.6) versus those by attending only (36.2 ± 31.2). Overall, residents were satisfied with the educational experience with an average score of 6.1 ± 0.17 out of maximum 7. Resident involvement in PSA is well liked by residents and does not lead to an increase in sedation-related complications.
Outcomes of Preterm Infants with a Periventricular Venous Infarction in the Neonatal Period
Authors: Banihani Rudaina , Church Paige T. , Luther Maureen , Kiss Alex , Asztalos Elizabeth V. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe compared the neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants with and without a periventricular venous hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI). The study was designed as a case–control study. The primary outcome measure was any score of < 85 in at least one of the cognition, language, or motor domains of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-3rd edition (Bayley-III) at 18 to 24 months corrected age. Of 41 infants identified, 20 index infants were matched with 40 controls for analyses. No differences in the primary outcome were noted between the two groups of infants, 52.9% with PVHI compared with 62.5% without PVHI (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.21–2.13; p = 0.56). Infants with a PVHI were likely to have cerebral palsy, 85% compared with 7.5%, with the majority (70%) being ambulatory. Infants with a PVHI were developmentally similar to their preterm counterparts as it related to cognition and language.
Management of the Difficult Airway in the Pediatric Patient
Authors: Bryant Jason , Tobias Joseph , Krishna Senthil 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLoss of airway control in children, if not resolved quickly, will lead to devastating consequences. Successful management of the pediatric difficult airway, both anticipated and unanticipated, is facilitated by preprocedure assessment and preparation. Accessibility of and continued hands-on training with modern airway instruments, familiarization with difficult airway guidelines, and collaboration with multidisciplinary airway teams can aid in the management of the difficult pediatric airway. This review outlines the importance of airway assessment and advanced airway equipment for children. It also discusses difficult airway management techniques and algorithms for the management and rescue of the pediatric difficult airway.
Variation in Repair of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex
Authors: Kootstra Thomas , van Leeuwen Wouter , Chen Neal , Ring David 
Published: January 2018

Background There is controversy regarding the value of repair of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC). Given that an acute tear of the TFCC associated with a displaced distal radius fracture uncommonly benefits from repair, the role of repair in other settings is uncertain. Our impression is that TFCC repair is highly variable from surgeon-to-surgeon.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the rate of TFCC repair in patients who had a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the wrist obtained for ulnar-sided wrist pain, and that showed signal changes in the TFCC. We tested the primary null hypothesis that there are no demographic or surgeon factors associated with repair of the TFCC.
Patients and Methods Three hundred and ninety-four patients with ulnar-sided wrist pain and an MRI scan showing changes in the TFCC were included in this retrospective study. No patients had instability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) recorded in the medical record. Surgical repair of TFCC tears was used as the primary outcome during statistical analysis to identify factors associated with repair.
Results Out of 394 (6%), 25 patients underwent TFCC repair. We found that 10% of the treating surgeons (4 out of 41) performed 80% of the procedures (20 out of 25). Patients who discerned a trauma prior to their symptoms and patients whose MRI showed signal changes primarily in the ulnar portion of the TFCC were more likely to have surgical repair.
Conclusion We found that the rate of TFCC repair varies substantially from surgeon-to-surgeon. The observation that repair is more likely to happen when patients perceive themselves as injured suggests that perception of injury affects how patients and surgeons consider treatment options. To help avoid surgeries based on surgeon bias or patient misperception, we suggest studying the effect of tools that provide simple, balanced, dispassionate, and empowering information (e.g., decision aids) that can limit surgeon-to-surgeon variation.
Level of Evidence Level IV.
Etiological Profile of Children with Global Developmental Delay: A Single Center Study
Authors: Sachdeva Pallavi , Sitaraman Sadasivan , Minocha Priyanka , Jain Rohit , Choudhary Anita , Jetha Kapil 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGlobal developmental delay (GDD) is a relatively common pediatric issue. It can have plethora of causes. Early intervention in these children by finding the cause of developmental delay is often challenging but can definitely improve ultimate developmental outcome. The study was undertaken to study the clinical profile of children with GDD to assess the etiology of delay in these children. The study was performed in the Department of Pediatrics, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, from June 2014 to May 2015. One hundred sixty-eight children with GDD attending the child development clinic with age ≤ 5 years and development quotient < 70% were enrolled. After detailed clinical history and thorough examination, specific investigations were obtained. Data analysis was done to determine the underlying etiology. Out of 168 children studied, etiology was detected in 155 (92.3%). Most common etiology was perinatal insult (63.1%) followed by genetic (8.93%), postnatal (7.14%), metabolic (5.95%), mixed (2.98%), cerebral dysgenesis (2.38%), and congenital infections (1.79%). Microcephaly was present in 100 children. Most common etiology was found to be perinatal insult, which is a preventable cause to much extent. Newer and sophisticated investigations such as metabolic profile, genetic studies should be incorporated in the planned investigations to increase the diagnostic yield.
Efficiency of quantum vs. classical annealing in nonconvex learning problems
Authors: Baldassi Carlo , Zecchina Riccardo 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Quantum annealers are physical quantum devices designed to solve optimization problems by finding low-energy configurations of an appropriate energy function by exploiting cooperative tunneling effects to escape local minima. Classical annealers use thermal fluctuations for the same computational purpose, and Markov chains based on this principle are among the most widespread optimization techniques. The fundamental mechanism underlying quantum annealing consists of exploiting a controllable quantum perturbation to generate tunneling processes. The computational potentialities of quantum annealers are still under debate, since few ad hoc positive results are known. Here, we identify a wide class of large-scale nonconvex optimization problems for which quantum annealing is efficient while classical annealing gets stuck. These problems are of central interest to machine learning.
Superior colliculus neuronal ensemble activity signals optimal rather than subjective confidence
Authors: Odegaard Brian , Grimaldi Piercesare , Cho Seong Hah , Peters Megan A. K. , Lau Hakwan , Basso Michele A. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Previously, the neuronal correlates of perceptual confidence have been identified in neural circuits responsible for deciding what an animal sees. However, behaviorally, confidence and perceptual decision accuracy are confounded; we are usually more confident about perceptual decisions when they are accurate. To tease them apart, we introduced a task with stimulus conditions that produced similar decision accuracy but different reports of subjective confidence. We decoded decision performance from neuronal signals in nonhuman primates in a subcortical region involved in decision-making, the superior colliculus (SC), and found that SC ensemble activity tracks decision accuracy, but not subjective confidence. These results challenge current ideas about how to measure subjective confidence in experiments and inspire ways to study its neuronal mechanisms.
Nature and evolution of incommensurate charge order in manganites visualized with cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy
Authors: El Baggari Ismail , Savitzky Benjamin H. , Admasu Alemayehu S. , Kim Jaewook , Cheong Sang-Wook , Hovden Robert , Kourkoutis Lena F. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Charge order is a modulation of the electron density and is associated with unconventional phenomena, including colossal magnetoresistance and metal–insulator transitions. Determining how the lattice responds provides insights into the nature and symmetry of the ordered state. Scanning transmission electron microscopy can measure lattice displacements with picometer precision, but its use has been limited to room-temperature phases only. Here, we demonstrate high-resolution imaging at cryogenic temperature and map the nature and evolution of charge order in a manganite. We uncover picometer-scale displacive modulations whose periodicity is strongly locked to the lattice and visualize temperature-dependent phase inhomogeneity in the modulations. These results pave the way to understanding the underlying structure of charge-ordered states and other complex phenomena.
Oxidation of dCTP contributes to antibiotic lethality in stationary-phase mycobacteria
Authors: Fan Xiao-Yong , Tang Bi-Kui , Xu Yuan-Yuan , Han Ang-Xuan , Shi Kun-Xiong , Wu Yong-Kai , Ye Yu , Wei Mei-li , Niu Chen , Wong Ka-Wing , Zhao Guo-Ping , Lyu Liang-Dong 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Recent studies revealed that oxidative DNA damage is a common event downstream of the interaction of antibiotics with their molecular targets. For instance, exposure to lethal doses of antibiotics may cause double-strand breaks (DSBs), whereas exposure to sublethal doses of antibiotics may lead to mutagenesis. Therefore, detailed understanding of mechanisms underlying antibiotic-induced DNA damage may broaden our knowledge not only of antibiotic lethality but also the mechanism of stress-induced mutagenesis in bacteria. Here, we show that oxidation of dCTP underlies a mechanism of antibiotic-induced DNA damage and cell death. We demonstrate that antibiotic lethality stemming from 5-OH-dCTP relies on reactive oxygen species production, mispairing induced by DnaE2, and unrepaired DSBs generated by incomplete base excision repair via Nth.
Evidence for Sexual Reproduction: Identification, Frequency, and Spatial Distribution of Venturia effusa (Pecan Scab) Mating Type Idiomorphs
Authors: Young Carolyn A. , Bock Clive H. , Charlton Nikki D. , Mattupalli Chakradhar , Krom Nick , Bowen Joanna K. , Templeton Matthew , Plummer Kim M. , Wood Bruce W. 
Published: January 2018

Venturia effusa (syn. Fusicladium effusum), causal agent of pecan scab, is the most prevalent pathogen of pecan (Carya illinoinensis), causing severe yield losses in the southeastern United States. V. effusa is currently known only by its asexual (conidial) stage. However, the degree and distribution of genetic diversity observed within and among populations of V. effusa are typical of a sexually reproducing fungal pathogen, and comparable with other dothideomycetes with a known sexual stage, including the closely related apple scab pathogen, V. inaequalis. Using the mating type (MAT) idiomorphs from V. inaequalis, we identified a single MAT gene, MAT1-1-1, in a draft genome of V. effusa. The MAT1-1-1 locus is flanked by two conserved genes encoding a DNA lyase (APN2) and a hypothetical protein. The MAT locus spanning the flanking genes was amplified and sequenced from a subset of 14 isolates, of which 7 contained MAT1-1-1 and the remaining samples contained MAT1-2-1. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction screen was developed to amplify MAT1-1-1, MAT1-2-1, and a conserved reference gene encoding β-tubulin, and used to screen 784 monoconidial isolates of V. effusa collected from 11 populations of pecan across the southeastern United States. A hierarchical sampling protocol representing region, orchard, and tree allowed for analysis of MAT structure at different spatial scales. Analysis of this collection revealed the frequency of the MAT idiomorphs is in a 1:1 equilibrium of MAT1-1:MAT1-2. The apparent equilibrium of the MAT idiomorphs provides impetus for a renewed effort to search for the sexual stage of V. effusa. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .