bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FL‐926‐16, a novel bioavailable carnosinase‐resistant carnosine derivative, prevents onset and stops progression of diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice
Authors: Iacobini Carla , Menini Stefano , Blasetti Fantauzzi Claudia , Pesce Carlo M , Giaccari Andrea , Salomone Enrica , Lapolla Annunziata , Orioli Marica , Aldini Giancarlo , Pugliese Giuseppe 
Published: October 2017

Background and PurposeThe advanced glycation end products (AGEs) participate in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) by promoting renal inflammation and injury. L‐carnosine acts as a quencher of the AGE precursors reactive carbonyl species (RCS), but is rapidly inactivated by carnosinase. In this study, we evaluated the effect of FL‐926‐16, a carnosinase‐resistant and bioavailable carnosine derivative, on the onset and progression of DN in db/db mice.Experimental ApproachAdult male db/db mice and coeval db/m controls were left untreated or treated with FL‐926‐16 (30 mg·kg−1 body weight) from weeks 6 to 20 (prevention protocol) or from weeks 20 to 34 (regression protocol).Key ResultsIn the prevention protocol, FL‐926‐16 significantly attenuated increases in creatinine (−80%), albuminuria (−77%), proteinuria (−75%), mean glomerular area (−34%), fractional (−40%) and mean (−42%) mesangial area in db/db mice. This protective effect was associated with a reduction in glomerular matrix protein expression and cell apoptosis, circulating and tissue oxidative and carbonyl stress, and renal inflammatory markers, including the NLRP3 inflammasome. In the regression protocol, the progression of DN was completely blocked, although not reversed, by FL‐926‐16. In cultured mesangial cells, FL‐926‐16 prevented NLRP3 expression induced by RCS but not by the AGE Nε‐carboxymethyllysine.Conclusion and ImplicationsFL‐926‐16 is effective at preventing the onset of DN and halting its progression in db/db mice by quenching RCS, thereby reducing the accumulation of their protein adducts and the consequent inflammatory response. In a future perspective, this novel compound may represent a promising AGE‐reducing approach for DN therapy.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channel regulates vascular endothelial permeability during colonic inflammation in dextran sulphate sodium‐induced murine colitis
Authors: Matsumoto Kenjiro , Yamaba Riho , Inoue Ken , Utsumi Daichi , Tsukahara Takuya , Amagase Kikuko , Tominaga Makoto , Kato Shinichi 
Published: October 2017

Background and PurposeThe transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel is a non‐selective cation channel involved in physical sensing in various tissue types. The present study aimed to elucidate the function and expression of TRPV4 channels in colonic vascular endothelial cells during dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis.Experimental ApproachThe role of TRPV4 channels in the progression of colonic inflammation was examined in a murine DSS‐induced colitis model using immunohistochemical analysis, Western blotting and Evans blue dye extrusion assay.Key ResultsDSS‐induced colitis was significantly attenuated in TRPV4‐deficient (TRPV4 KO) as compared to wild‐type mice. Repeated intrarectal administration of GSK1016790A, a TRPV4 agonist, exacerbated the severity of DSS‐induced colitis. Bone marrow transfer experiments demonstrated the important role of TRPV4 in non‐haematopoietic cells for DSS‐induced colitis. DSS treatment up‐regulated TRPV4 expression in the vascular endothelia of colonic mucosa and submucosa. DSS treatment increased vascular permeability, which was abolished in TRPV4 KO mice. This DSS‐induced increase in vascular permeability was further enhanced by i.v. administration of GSK1016790A, and this effect was abolished by the TRPV4 antagonist RN1734. TRPV4 was co‐localized with vascular endothelial (VE)‐cadherin, and VE‐cadherin expression was decreased by repeated i.v. administration of GSK1016790A during colitis. Furthermore, GSK106790A decreased VE‐cadherin expression in mouse aortic endothelial cells exposed to TNF‐α.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese findings indicate that an up‐regulation of TRPV4 channels in vascular endothelial cells contributes to the progression of colonic inflammation by increasing vascular permeability. Thus, TRPV4 is an attractive target for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
Sedimentation in a foreland basin within synorogenic orocline: Palaeogene of the Isparta Bend, Taurides, SW Turkey
Authors: Nemec Wojciech , Alçiçek M. Cihat , Özaksoy Volkan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Palaeogene Isparta Basin of southwestern Anatolia formed between two convergent arms of the Isparta Bend orocline of the Tauride orogen. The origin of this tightening orocline is hypothetically explained in plate‐tectonic terms. Basin sedimentation commenced on a down‐warped Mesozoic carbonate platform of a crustal block accreted at the end of Cretaceous to the southern margin of the Anatolian plate. The basin earliest deposits are Palaeocene reddish mudstones with a fossil‐barren condensed basal part and increasingly interspersed with thin calcarenitic turbidites towards the top. The supply of turbiditic sediment to the basin plain subsequently increased, as the upper‐bathyal basin plain became surrounded from both sides by a narrow littoral shelf with an advancing turbiditic slope ramp. A major forced regression occurred at the end of Bartonian, causing incision of subaerial to submarine valleys up 600 m deep, filled in with gravelly to sandy turbidites and debrisflow deposits during the subsequent rise of relative sea level. The half‐filled valleys were re‐incised due to a Rupelian forced regression and were fully filled with fluvio‐deltaic bayhead deposits during a final marine transgression that re‐established the basin‐margin biocalcarenitic shelf. The littoral environment then expanded across the shallowing basin, as the basin axial zone was up‐domed and eroded to bedrock level at the end of Oligocene and the basin was tectonically inverted in Miocene. The pattern of intra‐orocline foreland sedimentation documented by this case study provides tentative criteria for the recognition of synorogenic oroclines and for their distinction from post‐orogenic oroclines.
Basement suites: Demand, supply, space, and technology
Authors: Suttor Greg 
Published: October 2017

Key Messages

The emergence of the basement suite sector reflected the historical evolution of housing demand, supply, and home technology.
Basement suites emerged as a distinct sector in the 1970s in a context of high rental demand, declining apartment production, and shortfalls in other low‐rent supply.
Basement suites were facilitated by post‐war innovations in housing spaces, equipment, and materials, such as natural gas heating, drywall, cheap appliances, and recreation rooms.
The Development of Regional Dialect Locality Judgments and Language Attitudes Across the Life Span
Authors: McCullough Elizabeth A. , Clopper Cynthia G. , Wagner Laura 
Published: October 2017

The development of language attitudes and perception of talker regional background was investigated across the life span (N = 240, age range = 4–75 years). Participants rated 12 talkers on dimensions of geographic locality, status, and solidarity. Children could classify some dialects by locality by age 6–7 years and showed adult‐like patterns by age 8 years. Children showed adult‐like status ratings for some dialects by age 4–5 years but were not fully adult‐like until age 12 years. Solidarity ratings were more variable and did not exhibit a clear developmental trajectory, although some adult‐like patterns were in place by age 6–7 years. Locality ratings were a significant but modest predictor of attitude ratings, suggesting that geographic knowledge is one contributor to language attitudes throughout development.
An investigation of foster parent training needs
Authors: Hebert Corie G. , Kulkin Heidi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe training foster parents receive in America, pass the initial training required to certify them to take children into their homes, is not standardized. The Foster Care Independence Act of 1999 (H.R. 3443) requires prospective foster parents to be trained, but it provides only general guidelines for the training content. The training offered differs by state. This research examines what a group of foster parents attending a state foster parent association conference felt they needed in the area of training, to help them fulfil their role. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Foster parents were surveyed and ranked their training needs based on 10 pre‐identified needs. They also responded to an open‐ended question about their training needs. Foster parents ranked training to enhance their ability to help the child adjust in their homes and manage challenging behaviours as most needed. The qualitative data suggested that foster parents have additional needs and some are not related to training, such as the need for respite services.
Efficacy of laryngectomy alone for treatment of locally advanced laryngeal cancer: A stage‐ and subsite‐specific survival analysis
Authors: Cervenka B. P. , Rao S. , Farwell D. G. , Bewley A. F. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTotal laryngectomy is a well‐established treatment for locally advanced laryngeal cancer. Evidence for the benefit of post‐operative radiotherapy after laryngectomy in patients with locally advanced primaries and N0 or N1 nodal disease is limited. This study aimed to determine whether total laryngectomy alone is adequate therapy for certain patient subgroups with locally advanced laryngeal cancer.DesignWe performed a retrospective survival analysis of patients in the surveillance epidemiology and end results (SEER) database with locally advanced laryngeal cancer between 2004 and 2012.Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome measure was overall survival.ResultsFor all patients with T3‐4aN0‐1 tumours, overall survival was worse for those treated with laryngectomy only when compared using the Kaplan‐Meier with a log‐rank test and when accounting for demographic and tumour data using a Cox multivariate regression. Other independent predictors of poor survival included age >65 years old, Medicaid or uninsured payor status, supraglottic primary and N1 nodal disease. Stage‐ and subsite‐specific analysis revealed that patients with T4a primary tumours, N1 nodal disease and supraglottic subsite had worse overall survival when treated with laryngectomy alone. Alternatively, patients with T3 primary tumours, N0 nodal disease, glottic subsite had equivalent overall survival and disease‐specific survival when treated with laryngectomy alone vs laryngectomy with post‐operative radiotherapy.ConclusionLocally advanced laryngeal cancer patients with T3 primaries, no nodal disease or primaries of the glottis may not benefit from post‐operative radiotherapy when treated with primary total laryngectomy.
Semantic Information and the Syntax of Propositional Attitude Verbs
Authors: White Aaron S. , Hacquard Valentine , Lidz Jeffrey 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPropositional attitude verbs, such asthinkandwant, have long held interest for both theoretical linguists and language acquisitionists because their syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic properties display complex interactions that have proven difficult to fully capture from either perspective. This paper explores the granularity with which these verbs’ semantic and pragmatic properties are recoverable from their syntactic distributions, using three behavioral experiments aimed at explicitly quantifying the relationship between these two sets of properties. Experiment 1 gathers a measure of 30 propositional attitude verbs’ syntactic distributions using an acceptability judgment task. Experiments 2a and 2b gather measures of semantic similarity between those same verbs using a generalized semantic discrimination (triad or “odd man out”) task and an ordinal (Likert) scale task, respectively. Two kinds of analyses are conducted on the data from these experiments. The first compares both the acceptability judgments and the semantic similarity judgments to previous classifications derived from the syntax and semantics literature. The second kind compares the acceptability judgments to the semantic similarity judgments directly. Through these comparisons, we show that there is quite fine‐grained information about propositional attitude verbs’ semantics carried in their syntactic distributions—whether one considers the sorts of discrete qualitative classifications that linguists traditionally work with or the sorts of continuous quantitative classifications that can be derived experimentally.
Instrumental learning and cognitive flexibility processes are impaired in children exposed to early life stress
Authors: Harms Madeline B. , Shannon Bowen Katherine E. , Hanson Jamie L. , Pollak Seth D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChildren who experience severe early life stress show persistent deficits in many aspects of cognitive and social adaptation. Early stress might be associated with these broad changes in functioning because it impairs general learning mechanisms. To explore this possibility, we examined whether individuals who experienced abusive caregiving in childhood had difficulties with instrumental learning and/or cognitive flexibility as adolescents. Fifty‐three 14–17‐year‐old adolescents (31 exposed to high levels of childhood stress, 22 control) completed an fMRI task that required them to first learn associations in the environment and then update those pairings. Adolescents with histories of early life stress eventually learned to pair stimuli with both positive and negative outcomes, but did so more slowly than their peers. Furthermore, these stress‐exposed adolescents showed markedly impaired cognitive flexibility; they were less able than their peers to update those pairings when the contingencies changed. These learning problems were reflected in abnormal activity in learning‐ and attention‐related brain circuitry. Both altered patterns of learning and neural activation were associated with the severity of lifetime stress that the adolescents had experienced. Taken together, the results of this experiment suggest that basic learning processes are impaired in adolescents exposed to early life stress. These general learning mechanisms may help explain the emergence of social problems observed in these individuals.
Treatment satisfaction with ITCA 650, a novel drug‐device delivering continuous exenatide, versus twice‐daily injections of exenatide in type 2 diabetics using metformin
Authors: Henry Robert , Rosenstock Julio , McCarthy John F. , Carls Ginger , Alessi Tom , Yee John , Baron Michelle 
Published: October 2017

AimsTo evaluate treatment satisfaction in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) not adequately controlled by metformin, randomized to ITCA 650 (continuous exenatide in osmotic mini‐pump) vs twice‐daily exenatide injections (Ex‐BID).Materials and methodsThe Diabetes Medication Satisfaction Tool (DM‐SAT) was administered and assessments were made at baseline, Week 8 and Week 20 during a 24‐week open‐label phase 2 trial. In Stage I (Weeks 1‐12), 155 patients, comprising the ITT population, were randomized to 3 groups: ITCA 650 20 μg/day, ITCA 650 40 μg/day and Ex‐BID 10 μg BID. In Stage II (Weeks 13‐24), ITCA 650 groups were re‐randomized to either remain on the Stage I dose or receive a higher dose. Patients treated with Ex‐BID were randomized to 40 or 60 μg/day ITCA 650.ResultsPatients using ITCA 650 reported significant increases in overall treatment satisfaction by Week 8 vs those using Ex‐BID (P < .01), despite similar clinical efficacy and overall rates of nausea. During Stage II, further improvement in HbA1c and weight were seen after 3‐fold dose escalation of ITCA 650 and treatment satisfaction was maintained. When patients using Ex‐BID were switched to ITCA 650, treatment satisfaction increased and reached levels similar to those initially treated with ITCA 650. Neither GI side effects of nausea and/or vomiting, nor the procedure to sub‐dermally place ITCA 650, significantly impacted treatment satisfaction scores.ConclusionITCA 650 added to metformin for patients with T2D, and for those who switched to ITCA 650 from Ex‐BID, meaningfully improved glucose control and significantly increased overall treatment satisfaction.
Effects of common cold and concomitant administration of nasal decongestant on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nasal glucagon in otherwise healthy participants: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Guzman Cristina B. , Dulude Helene , Piché Claude , Rufiange Marianne , Sadoune Aziz A. , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Carballo Dolores , Triest Myriam , Zhang Michelle Xiaotian , Zhang Shuyu , Tafreshi Maryam , Sicard Eric 
Published: October 2017

AimsNasal glucagon (NG) is a nasally‐administered glucagon powder, absorbed through the nasal mucosa, designed for treatment of severe hypoglycaemia. This study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of NG in otherwise healthy participants with common colds and after recovery from cold symptoms, with and without concomitant nasal decongestant.Materials and MethodsThis was a single‐centre, open‐label study. Cohort 1 participants (N = 18) received 2 doses of NG: one while experiencing nasal congestion and another after recovery from cold symptoms. Cohort 2 participants (N = 18), who also had colds with nasal congestion, received a single dose of NG 2 hours after treatment with the decongestant oxymetazoline. Total symptoms score and other safety measures were assessed before and after NG administration.ResultsNG was well tolerated, without serious adverse events. Common adverse events (transient lacrimation, nasal discomfort, rhinorrhea and nausea) were more frequent in both Cohorts 1 and 2 during nasal congestion. Glucagon levels peaked 18 minutes post‐dose and glucose levels peaked 30 to 42 minutes post‐dose in all groups. Nasal congestion, with or without concomitant nasal decongestant, did not significantly affect PK of NG. Although glucose AUECs0‐t was different between Cohort 1 with nasal congestion and Cohort 2, glucose concentrations at 30 minutes appeared similar in all groups.ConclusionsThere were no clinically relevant differences in safety or PK/PD of NG associated with nasal congestion or concomitant administration of nasal decongestant, suggesting that NG can be used to treat severe hypoglycaemia in individuals experiencing nasal congestion.
Multi‐sectoral collaboration for improved nutrition: The problems and prospects of implementation in Ethiopia
Authors: Chisholm Nick 
Published: October 2017

AbstractImplementing nutrition initiatives through multi‐sectoral collaboration is challenging. This qualitative study explores these challenges in two regions of Ethiopia, through interviews with development staff at lower administrative levels. Respondents identified structural and attitudinal causes of undernutrition. The health sector was perceived to have primary responsibility to address nutrition. The Women's Affairs office had a lesser role than expected. Agricultural officers still saw their primary mandate as increasing cereal production. Cross‐sectoral collaboration was stronger in addressing short‐term food crises rather than chronic undernutrition. There is a need to build a shared understanding of the causes of undernutrition, including the many constraints faced by resource‐poor households, to provide more resources for implementation and to adopt a more gendered focus.
Effect of interruption of over‐flooding releases of transgenic mosquitoes over wild population ofAedes aegypti: two case studies in Brazil
Authors: Garziera Luiza , Pedrosa Michelle Cristine , de Souza Fabrício Almeida , Gómez Maylen , Moreira Márcia Bento , Virginio Jair Fernandes , Capurro Margareth Lara , Carvalho Danilo Oliveira 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe number of mosquito populations resistant to insecticides is increasing along with the reemerging of vector‐borne diseases. New technologies are under evaluation to complement the strategies used against these mosquitoes. Transgenic mosquitoes are one approach that some countries are considering and they are being evaluated to control the wild population. Although they have achieved success in population suppression ofAedes aegypti(L.) (Diptera:Culicidae), these studies have not demonstrated what the outcomes are when releases are interrupted (ceased). In this study, after demonstrating suppression ofAe. aegyptiusing transgenic technology, changes in the spatial distribution of the infestation and the abundance of the vectorAe. aegyptiwere assessed in the post‐release period, along with fluctuation of transgenic mosquitoes in two areas of Brazil. In both pilot trials, there was an average suppression of ca. 70% of the wild population due to the release of transgenic males compared to the pre‐release period. In Juazeiro (Mandacaru), in the post‐release phase, the number of eggs per trap ranged between 0.06 and 14.41 (mean ± SE = 4.44 ± 0.44), and the ovitrap index (OI = number of ovitraps with eggs/total number of ovitraps recovered) ranged from 0.01 to 0.43 (0.13 ± 0.01). In Jacobina (Pedra Branca), during the post‐release phase, the number of eggs per trap ranged between 1 and 7.2 (1.72 ± 0.72), and theOIranged from 1 to 0.83 (0.095 ± 0.032). The mosquito population in Juazeiro (Mandacaru) remained suppressed for 17 weeks after the release interruption, whereas in Jacobina (Pedra Branca) suppression lasted 32 weeks. In Juazeiro, transgenic larvae were detected up to 5 months after the interruption of the over‐flooding releases of transgenic males. In Jacobina, they were found up to 2 months after the release interruption. The number of eggs collected increased 4–5 months after the release interruption, which indicated that theAe. aegyptipopulation had been re‐established after the interruption of releases. The results demonstrate that the technique requires a continuous release in the treated areas, and after suppression, the release rate can be decreased and used as a barrier against external migration.
Factor structure of the Cannabis Experiences Questionnaire in a first‐episode psychosis sample
Authors: Birnbaum Michael L. , Cleary Sean D. , Ramsay Wan Claire , Pauselli Luca , Compton Michael T. 
Published: October 2017

AimThe Cannabis Experiences Questionnaire (CEQ) was developed to measure the subjective experiences of cannabis use both during and after intoxication. Despite the need to better understand the nature of the complex and significant relationship between cannabis use and early psychosis, this questionnaire has rarely been used in individuals with first‐episode psychosis.MethodsWe conducted a set of factor analyses using CEQ data from 194 first‐episode psychosis patients who used cannabis in order to uncover the underlying factor structure of the questionnaire and thus the overarching types of psychological experiences during/after using cannabis in young people with psychotic disorders.ResultsOur exploratory factor analysis identified 4 subscales, including: Distortions of Reality and Self‐Perception (Factor 1), Euphoria Effects (Factor 2), Slowing and Amotivational Effects (Factor 3), and Anxiety and Paranoia Effects (Factor 4).ConclusionsElucidating the underlying factor structure of the CEQ in first‐episode psychosis samples could help researchers move towards a deeper understanding of the types of experiences associated with cannabis intoxication among young adults with first‐episode psychosis and could inform the development of programs designed to reduce use, improve the course of illness, and possibly delay or prevent the onset of psychotic symptoms in those at risk.