bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing farmers' willingness to provide private land for a coordinated flood mitigation scheme in the Drin basin
Authors: Brabec Jan , Macháč Jan , Kis András , Ungvári Gábor 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFlooding poses a significant and recurring threat in numerous regions. The adverse impacts of flooding can be mitigated through risk sharing, such as insurance or risk reduction. However, insurance might not be accessible in underdeveloped markets or in instances where floods are too frequent. Similarly, the necessary funding or land for structural measures might not be available. Alternatively, measures could be implemented on private land, either through individual initiatives or as part of a coordinated effort. This approach was explored in the flood‐prone regions of Albania and North Macedonia. A survey conducted among 124 farmers revealed that 73% of them are willing to allocate land for flood mitigation, provided they receive adequate compensation. Furthermore, certain factors increase farmers' willingness to cooperate. A logit model indicated a positive correlation between expectations of future floods (increased severity and frequency), receipt of ex‐ante financial support, positive perception of the effectiveness of agricultural flood mitigation measures, and age. Those who view flood protection as personal responsibility and those more inclined to pay for flood insurance are less likely to cooperate. The findings could be utilized to identify farmers who are likely to contribute to establishing a coordinated effort on a stable basis.
A Farewell to the Narcissism Epidemic? A Cross‐Temporal Meta‐Analysis of Global NPI Scores (1982–2023)
Authors: Oberleiter Sandra , Stickel Paul , Pietschnig Jakob 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveSeveral recent accounts have failed to replicate the so‐called Narcissism Epidemic, suggesting potential influences of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in 2008 as a reason for narcissism trend reversals. Here, we provide evidence for narcissism test score changes from 1982 to 2023.MethodsWe investigated self‐report data on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) from 1105 studies (k = 1621, N = 546,225) using precision‐weighted cross‐temporal meta‐analysis.ResultsData collection years were meaningfully negatively associated with narcissism scores in virtually all analyses (bs: −0.409 to −0.008; partial eta square's: < 0.001 to 0.118; ps: < 0.001 to 0.174), thus indicating cross‐temporally decreasing narcissism self‐report scores. Examination of regression segments pre‐ and post‐dating the GFC and segmented line regressions indicated mostly stable narcissism scores during the 1980s and 1990s that subsequently showed negative slopes with somewhat differing decreases onsets according to analytical subsets.ConclusionsHere, we provide evidence for negative cross‐temporal changes in narcissism from 1982 to 2023 globally, thus contrasting the idea of a Narcissism Epidemic having taken place at any point during the past four decades. Changes appear to generalize across different regions and participant sex, although mean scores were differentiated, yielding higher narcissism values for North American and younger samples.
Woke women of the 90s return: Toxic white feminism and the Murphy Brown and Roseanne reboots
Authors: Konkle Amanda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTwo feminist icons of the 1990s returned to network television in 2018: Murphy Brown and Roseanne Conner. Neither rebooted character survived the reboot's first season. Despite their attempts to demonstrate that they were “woke,” the acting styles and strong personas of these two icons were, this paper argues, not appealing to a younger generation of television viewers and feminists and, simultaneously, too progressive for the older and more conventional audiences of the networks on which they aired. Moreover, both leading characters demonstrated the narrowmindedness associated with a toxic white feminism that overlooks issues of class and race.
Different Effects of Attachment Anxiety and Avoidance on Attention to Changing Facial Expressions
Authors: Wu Shuang , Shimizu Yuki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAttachment orientation has been reported to influence visual attention and cognitive decisions regarding facial expressions. However, previous studies have reported mixed results regarding the effects of attachment orientation. This study aims to examine how attachment anxiety and avoidance affect judgment and attention allocation during free viewing of dynamic facial expressions. Although we did not find any association between attachment orientation and the reaction time to judge the timings of changes in facial expressions, the relationship between attachment orientation and attention was found. When viewing the appearance of anger, attachment avoidance had a positive relationship and attachment anxiety had a negative relationship with looking time to the eye area. When the eye‐tracking data were divided into 12 consecutive intervals of 1 s each, the attachment orientation had different relationships with visual attention based on the type of emotion presented. We discuss possible explanations for these results and directions for further research in cross‐cultural contexts.
Evaluation of Hepatitis C Virus Transmission Through Endoscopy Procedures in the Country of Georgia
Authors: Baliashvili Davit , Merabishvili Tsira , Tskhomelidze Irina , Tsereteli Maia , Karichashvili Lika , Chitadze Nazi , Armstrong Paige A. , Butsashvili Maia 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTExposure to healthcare procedures might be a source of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in Georgia, one of the few countries currently on track to eliminate hepatitis C. While there has been a history of iatrogenic transmission of HCV, the risk of HCV transmission related to endoscopic procedures has not been previously assessed in Georgia. The goal of this study was to assess HCV seroconversion among individuals undergoing endoscopic procedures to estimate the relative role and incidence of HCV infection attributable to endoscopic procedures. A prospective cohort study was conducted in four endoscopy units in two cities (Tbilisi and Kutaisi) of Georgia during April–September, 2021. Recruitment of study participants was conducted using convenience sampling, and every eligible patient was approached and invited to participate in the study. Study population included adults (age ≥ 18 years) who received an endoscopic procedure (gastroscopy, colonoscopy and bronchoscopy) in inpatient or outpatient unit at the study sites. HCV antibody (anti‐HCV) testing was conducted using rapid diagnostic test (RDT) on the same day they underwent the endoscopic procedure. Patients with a non‐reactive anti‐HCV baseline test were retested after 6 months. Patients with reactive baseline tests were excluded from the study and linked to further testing and care. Participants with a reactive result on follow‐up RDTs were retested using a lab‐based anti‐HCV and HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) test. A total of 981 HCV antibody non‐reactive participants were enrolled; 590 (64.8%) of them were reached and retested after 6 months. At retesting, two out of 590 (0.3%) individuals had a reactive anti‐HCV result on RDT and both were negative on laboratory‐based anti‐HCV and HCV RNA tests. Based on the results of this study, endoscopic procedures were not shown to contribute to HCV transmission in Georgia.
Monocultures vs. polyculture of microalgae: unveiling physiological changes to facilitate growth in ammonium rich‐medium
Authors: Mollo Lorenzo , Petrucciani Alessandra , Norici Alessandra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDue to the increasing production of wastewater from human activities, the use of algal consortia for phytoremediation has become well‐established over the past decade. Understanding how interspecific interactions and cultivation modes (monocultures vs. polyculture) influence algal growth and behaviour is a cutting‐edge topic in both fundamental and applied science. Ammonium‐rich growth media were used to challenge the monocultures of Auxenochlorella protothecoides, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Tetradesmus obliquus, as well as their polyculture; NO3− was also used as the sole nitrogen chemical form in control cultures. The study primarily compared the growth, carbon and nitrogen metabolisms, and protein content of the green microalgae monocultures to those of their consortium. Overall, the cultivation mode significantly affected all the measured parameters. Notably, at 50 mM NH4+, the assimilation rates of carbon and nitrogen were at least twice as high as those in the monoculture counterparts, and the protein content was three times more abundant.Additionally, the consortium's response to NH4+ toxicity was investigated by observing a linear relationship between the indicator of tolerance to NH4+ nutrition and the N isotopic signature. The study highlighted a high degree of acclimation through metabolic flexibility and diversity, as well as species abundance plasticity in the consortium, resulting in a functional resilience that would otherwise have been unattainable by the respective monocultures.
Efficient Method for Liposome‐Based Gene Transfer in Cattle Embryos
Authors: Antunes Thays , Bartoli Ana Beatriz dos Reis , Milazzotto Marcella Pecora 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn vitro embryo production (IVP) in cattle is crucial for advancing genetic enhancement and preserving valuable genetic lineages, enabling precise genetic modifications and gene studies through modern techniques. Successful genetic manipulation in cattle embryos requires efficient delivery of exogenous DNA/RNA molecules. This research investigates the efficacy of a single embryo culture system for developing genetically modified zona‐free (ZF) embryos and examines the use of liposome‐based SAMTOR target siRNA transfer in these individually cultured ZF embryos. The findings indicated that the individual culture system resulted in increased cleavage rates, and blastocyst rates were minimally impacted. The new culture system effectively achieved SAMTOR silencing, with 8–16 cell embryos exhibiting reduction in transcript levels compared to control. Measurement of total protein content in the spent culture media was performed to validate the single‐culture approach for further analytical applications. Total protein content analysis demonstrated the system's suitability for comprehensive evaluation of the embryo‐media interaction, enhancing the scope for in‐depth genetic research and applications. This research sheds light into an innovative method to improve genetic editing techniques in reproduction research.
Design and Justice: A Scoping Review in Engineering Design
Authors: Syal Sita M. , Kramer Julia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Our society faces complex social justice challenges, often exacerbated by existing engineered products and technologies. To avoid unintentionally contributing to social injustice, engineering designers play a critical role in creating and studying products and technologies that can aim to address the challenges of social injustice. There is a growing priority in the engineering design research community to incorporate justice into design and to do so meaningfully and intentionally. Therefore, there is a need to more deeply understand how scholars have integrated concepts of justice into design and to bring to light areas of future research. In this article, we conduct a scoping review of design and justice in twelve scholarly venues relevant to the engineering design community. A scoping review allowed for a broad range of topics to be covered to identify major research themes and gaps and to explore the boundaries of the nascent study of design and justice. After searching the relevant venues, we conducted a thematic analysis to capture the major themes in the dataset of papers relating to justice and design. Along with relevant terminology used, we found that scholars connected justice to design in ways that we categorized into three main areas of design: designers, design outcomes, and design processes. Our analysis highlighted areas of future research in studying justice as relevant to designers, outcomes, and processes, as well as identifying an overall call to redefine the field of design in the pursuit of justice.
The Synthesis of Spherical Four-Bars for Biomimetic Motion Through Complete Solutions for Approximate Rigid Body Guidance
Authors: O’Connor Sam , Plecnik Mark 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this article, we form a constrained optimization problem for spherical four-bar motion generation. Instead of using local optimization methods, all critical points are found using homotopy continuation solvers. The complete solution set provides a full view of the optimization landscape and gives the designer more freedom in selecting a mechanism. The motion generation problem admits 61 critical points, of which two must be selected for each four-bar mechanism. We sort solutions by objective value and perform a second-order analysis to determine if the solution is a minimum, maximum, or saddle point. We apply our approximate synthesis technique to two applications: a hummingbird wing mechanism and a sea turtle flipper gait. Suitable mechanisms were selected from the respective solution sets and used to build physical prototypes.
Toward Accelerating Discovery via Physics-Driven and Interactive Multifidelity Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Biswas Arpan , Valleti Mani , Vasudevan Rama , Ziatdinov Maxim , Kalinin Sergei V. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Both computational and experimental material discovery bring forth the challenge of exploring multidimensional and often nondifferentiable parameter spaces, such as phase diagrams of Hamiltonians with multiple interactions, composition spaces of combinatorial libraries, processing spaces, and molecular embedding spaces. Often these systems are expensive or time consuming to evaluate a single instance, and hence classical approaches based on exhaustive grid or random search are too data intensive. This resulted in strong interest toward active learning methods such as Bayesian optimization (BO) where the adaptive exploration occurs based on human learning (discovery) objective. However, classical BO is based on a predefined optimization target, and policies balancing exploration and exploitation are purely data driven. In practical settings, the domain expert can pose prior knowledge of the system in the form of partially known physics laws and exploration policies often vary during the experiment. Here, we propose an interactive workflow building on multifidelity BO (MFBO), starting with classical (data-driven) MFBO, then expand to a proposed structured (physics-driven) structured MFBO (sMFBO), and finally extend it to allow human-in-the-loop interactive interactive MFBO (iMFBO) workflows for adaptive and domain expert aligned exploration. These approaches are demonstrated over highly nonsmooth multifidelity simulation data generated from an Ising model, considering spin–spin interaction as parameter space, lattice sizes as fidelity spaces, and the objective as maximizing heat capacity. Detailed analysis and comparison show the impact of physics knowledge injection and real-time human decisions for improved exploration with increased alignment to ground truth. The associated notebooks allow to reproduce the reported analyses and apply them to other systems.2
Complete genome sequence of
Microbacterium
strain A8/3-1 isolated from the root nodule of
Oxytropis tragacanthoides
, growing in the Altai region
Authors: Guro Polina , Sazanova Anna , Belimov Andrey , Karlov Denis , Kuznetsova Irina , Safronova Vera 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

In this article, we report the complete genome sequence of
Microbacteriun
strain A8/3-1 isolated from the root nodule of
Oxytropis tragacanthoides
Fisch. ex DC., growing in the Altai region, Russia. The sequence was obtained using Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION.
Whole-genome sequence of
Limnospira fusiformis
NRMCF6962, isolated from lake water
Authors: Thajuddin Fayaazuddin , Ashok Chandru , Thajuddin Shakena Fathima , Nooruddin Thajuddin , Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran , Babalola Olubukola Oluranti 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

The economically important Cyanobacterial genus
Limnospira
is commercially utilized as a dietary supplement and nutraceutical agent. We present the whole-genome sequence of
Limnospira fusiformis
NRMCF6962 and was isolated from Kondakarla Ava Lake of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Gender medicine and the Cass Review: why medicine and the law make poor bedfellows
Authors: Cheung C Ronny , Abbruzzese Evgenia , Lockhart Elaine , Maconochie Ian K , Kingdon Camilla C 
Published: October 2024

In April 2024, the final report of the Cass Review, an independent review chaired by Dr Hilary Cass, was published, offering recommendations to improve gender identity services for children and young people in the UK. The core purpose of the Review was to improve care for children and adolescents. Commissioned by National Health Service England, the Review identified a weak evidence base for medical endocrine interventions and recommended that these treatments be provided within a structured research framework. The Review received widespread support from the clinical community. However, in July, the British Medical Association Council, without consulting its own members, unexpectedly passed a motion calling for a public critique of the Review, citing concerns over methodological weaknesses - a position it then softened following public criticism from members, concluding that their review would come instead from a position of neutrality.The original motion was based on two non-peer-reviewed online papers, prominently the work of McNamaraet al—a paper which was written for a primarily litigious, rather than academic, purpose. We critically examine these sources and analyse the wider legal context in which they have been applied. We conclude that these sources misrepresent the Cass Review’s role and process (specifically, by mistakenly comparing the Review to clinical practice guideline development), while many of the methodological criticisms directed at the Cass Review, including its use of evidence appraisal and systematic reviews conducted by York University, are unfounded.These misunderstandings, based on flawed and non-peer-reviewed analyses intended for legal (rather than clinical) purposes, jeopardise the implementation of crucial reforms in the care of gender dysphoric youth. The UK clinical community should move beyond these critiques and focus on the Cass Review’s recommendations to establish a safer, more holistic and evidence-based service model for children and young people experiencing gender identity issues.
Challenges and opportunities for hepatitis B virus screening in people attending PrEP services: a retrospective prevalence study
Authors: Monti Bianca , Rossotti Roberto , D’Aloia Fabiana , Calzavara Daniele , Corsico Laura , Cernuschi Massimo , Puoti Massimo , Bonfanti Paolo , Soria Alessandro 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with emtricitabine/tenofovir to prevent HIV in individuals with hepatitis B virus (HBV) raises concerns about HBV reactivation when stopping event-driven PrEP or redundancy in HBV treatment for continuous PrEP (since tenofovir alone would be enough for HBV). Real-world data from PrEP services could provide useful epidemiological information on HBV prevalence in PrEP attendees in low-prevalence countries.MethodsA retrospective analysis on PrEP attendees of three services in northern Italy were conducted to assess HBV prevalence among PrEP attendees and the need for primary cycle/booster dose HBV vaccination despite previous vaccination during childhood (at birth or 12 years). Risk factors possibly associated with HBV exposure were evaluated with a binary logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, gender, place of birth (Italy vs abroad) and chemsex use (as a proxy of high-risk sexual behaviour for contracting sexually transmitted infections).ResultsAmong 10 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive out of 2152 PrEP attendees (0.46%), PrEP was started in 7 subjects mainly with a daily schedule, 1 has declined after counselling, 2 were lost to follow-up. Around three-fourth of the 2152 PrEP attendees were born in Italy after 1979, thus were previously vaccinated during childhood. The probability of needing a booster for low-titre HBs antibodies was higher among those vaccinated at birth with respect to those vaccinated at 12 years (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.80 to 2.96). The risk of previous HBV exposure (resulting in either HBsAg+ or antibodies against HBV core antigen [HBcAb]+) was higher for increasing age (OR 3.07, 95% CI 2.49 to 3.78 per 10 years more) and lower for being born in Italy (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.36).ConclusionsOur real-world data on a large PrEP cohort suggest that, although uncommon, HBV infection in PrEP users in low-prevalence countries should be considered and managed. In addition, HBV screening offers the opportunity to expand prevention services through vaccination.
Support Vector Machine Outperforms Other Machine Learning Models in Early Diagnosis of Dengue Using Routine Clinical Data
Authors: Qaiser Ariba , Manzoor Sobia , Hashmi Asraf Hussain , Javed Hasnain , Zafar Anam , Ashraf Javed 
Published: October 2024

Background: There is a dire need for the establishment of active dengue surveillance to continuously detect cases, circulating serotypes, and determine the disease burden of dengue fever (DF) in the country and region. Predicting dengue PCR results using machine learning (ML) models represents a significant advancement in pre‐emptive healthcare measures. This study outlines the comprehensive process of data preprocessing, model selection, and the underlying mechanisms of each algorithm employed to accurately predict dengue PCR outcomes.Methods: We analyzed data from 300 suspected dengue patients in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from August to October 2023. NS1 antigen ELISA, IgM and IgG antibody tests, and serotype‐specific real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) were used to detect the dengue virus (DENV). Representative PCR‐positive samples were sequenced by Sanger sequencing to confirm the circulation of various dengue serotypes. Demographic information, serological test results, and hematological parameters were used as inputs to the ML models, with the dengue PCR result serving as the output to be predicted. The models used were logistic regression, XGBoost, LightGBM, random forest, support vector machine (SVM), and CatBoost.Results: Of the 300 patients, 184 (61.33%) were PCR positive. Among the total positive cases detected by PCR, 9 (4.89%), 171 (92.93%), and 4 (2.17%) were infected with serotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. A total of 147 (79.89%) males and 37 (20.11%) females were infected, with a mean age of 33 ± 16 years. In addition, the mean platelet and leukocyte counts and the hematocrit percentages were 75,447%, 4189.02%, and 46.05%, respectively. The SVM was the best‐performing ML model for predicting RT‐PCR results, with 71.4% accuracy, 97.4% recall, and 71.6% precision. Hyperparameter tuning improved the recall to 100%.Conclusion: Our study documents three circulating serotypes in the capital territory of Pakistan and highlights that the SVM outperformed other models, potentially serving as a valuable tool in clinical settings to aid in the rapid diagnosis of DF.