bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failures and Remedial Measures for Cementing Vertical Shale Gas wells in India – Case histories
Authors: Lal Kishori , Rastogi Ravi , Singh Parvinder , Meher R K , Sinha M P 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This paper discusses case histories with solutions-oriented approach to shale gas cementation problems. Shale gas exploration and production around the globe in general, and US in particular has witnessed surge in activity to the extent that Shale gas is often regarded as ‘a game changer’ in the hydrocarbon industry. The success in United States has prompted the governments of several countries to develop their own shale gas programmes.
In India, estimates of shale gas resources vary from 63 Trillion Cubic Feet by Energy Information Administration (US). In order to tap this resource, Government of India came out with a Shale Gas and Oil Policy in 2013. Consequently, ONGC and OIL were given blocks mainly in Gujarat to test shale production technology and potential.
ONGC drilled 1st shale gas well # JMSGA of Jambusar field and well # GNSGA of Gandhar field, Cambay basin successfully. But CBL - VDL shown very poor results. After this failures, two more shale gas wells were awarded to service provider to carry out cementation for GNSGC and GNSGB wherein the cement slurries were used by adding proprietary chemicals. Results shown some improvement in CBL-VDL against shale gas.
Poor CBL-VDL creates a problem in production operation both for geothermal wells and oil wells. To accomplish good cement bond, complete removal of mud /all well fluid is necessary to enhance the displacement efficiency by maintaining desired rheological properties. However, in spite of this, many times the cement bond leading to poor bonding/ insufficient zonal isolation.
As a part of strategic planning it was decided to develop in house innovative expertise to solve the problems. Accordingly an extensive experimental analysis were carried out specially using expanding additives (3-5% bwow) in cement system, exhibited improved properties like Right Angle Set, Compressive strength, Stability, fluid loss control and desired rheology. Practically, combinations of salts in cements and spacers in pre flushes in cementing fluids have provided means for managing shale instability. Learning experience from past utmost care was taken for optimization of rheological hierarchy for mud, spacer and cement using fluid friction chart and cement software shown a phenomenon improvements in achieving desired parameters.
The field trials have been carried out successfully in three shale wells in India. 1st Well # TVAU of Cauvery and recorded excellent CBL-VDL (1-2 mV) against shale gas. 2nd Well # WDAU of Ahmedabad. Achieved excellent slurry/spacer parameters.3rd Well # ROBB of Agartala for 5-1/2" casing cementation resulted in better CBL-VDL (02-07mV) against shale zones.
These innovative techniques are cost effective, easy to handle and technically suitable. Also establishes in-house technological advancement in designing cement slurries and become a proven approach for cementing Shale gas wells in near future.
Comparison Study of Asphaltene Precipitation Models Using UTCOMP, CMG/GEM and ECLIPSE Simulators
Authors: Al-Qasim Abdulaziz , AlDawsari Mudhish A 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This paper presents a case study that describe the precipitation behavior of asphaltene and petroleum reservoir fluid. It includes a CO2 flooding process in a synthetic reservoir using CMG/GEM, ECLIPSE, and UTCOMP simulators. Solid model is used in UTCOMP, CMG/GEM and ECLIPSE simulators for asphaltene precipitation prediction. WinProp (a PVT utility from CMG/GEM) is used to generate the data for all simulators.
Different cases are run to investigate the production rates resulted from different simulators (UTCOMP, CMG/GEM, and ECLIPSE) during the waterflooding period with CO2 (WAG), with and without considering the asphaltene option.
Stress Modelling and Design of Elastic Cement System to Withstand Well-Bore Pressure During Hydro-Fracturing and Casing Integrity Testing.
Authors: Singh Parvinder , Sinha M. P. , Lal Kishori , Malhotra S. K. , Kumar Pramod 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this paper we present stress modeling and mechanical response of set cement sheath in cased wellbore to quantify induced stresses and design of suitable elastic cement system. Many cement systems with latex, Graphite & fiber material have been tested for mechanical properties (Compressive strength, Tensile strength, Poison's ratio and Young's Modulus) and results are evaluated by stress calculations. Stress model calculation matches with previous paper results in this line. Cement mixing is done as per API RP10B2 and cured in molds at 115°C for 72 hours under 3000 psi. Compressive strength was measured on UCS testing machine. Brazillian method has been adopted for evaluating tensile strength of set cement. Sonic wave velocity method used for evaluation of Poison ratio and Young's modulus. Loss of cement bond behind casing due to variation in wellbore pressure during Hydro-Fracturing and casing integrity testing has been observed in several wells. Stresses induced in the cement sheath due to variation of wellbore pressure are the cause of this damage. It has been observed that cement sheath being weaker in tensile strength, often fails due to tensile stresses. Results show that tensile strength is near about 1/10th of compressive strength in Portland cement which supports previous studies in this field. However this ratio is not fixed for all kind of cement system. Stresses developed in set cement system has been calculated by feeding mechanical properties in stress modeling. Based on induced stresses, a safe limit of pressure variation has been determined for many cement system. Hence out of many cement design, suitable cement design can be chosen for a particular wellbore condition. However prediction of wellbore pressure during Hydro-Fracturing and casing integrity testing is necessary in this case. The outcomes indicate that the elastic properties (Poison's Ratio and Young's Modulus) of the casing, cement, and formation play a significant role. Results show that for high pressure variation, cement system with better elastic properties are preferred over compressive strength. Stress calculation methodology helps to optimize the cement system to withstand high pressure during testing and Hydro-fracturing of well. Many cement system with improved elastic properties are tabulated and can be utilized in as per the suitability of wellbore condition.
Delivering Efficiencies to Well Intervention Management Planning, Tracking and MIS by Automation
Authors: Upadhyaya Akhilesh , Gosain Sonali , Dhiman Mansi , Kothiyal Manish Dutt , Jetley Shailendra 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Well and Reservoir Management activities are crucial to maintain production targets of a maturing field. Cairn manages ~600 active wells in Rajasthan in which approximately 3000 well interventions are executed annually.
To facilitate the safe delivery of this large number of interventions and maintaining focus on sound engineering practices, the automation of standardized activities was initiated and a "Well Intervention Planning and Execution" portal was developed with the objective to reduce the man-hours spent on data collection, archiving, performance tracking and MIS management, that could divert valuable time and effort to detailed engineering, problem identification, solution identification and post job evaluations.
This paper highlights the thought process, workflow and value drivers for the design and implementation of an automated well intervention management process and details the benefits realized.
Case Study: Drilling the Longest and Fastest Surface Hole Section in United Arab Emirates U.A.E
Authors: Ansari Arsalan , Sowaidi Saif Al , Yoshimoto Kazuhito 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The commonly drilled 16-inch surface borehole section in U.A.E crosses several interbedded formations comprised of limestone, shale, clay and sands, and it is associated to several frequent hole problems experienced in offset wells such as Hole collapse with high abnormal formation pressures, casing not reaching bottom etc. In order to isolate the weak formations from the surface and the reservoir, the 133/8-inchsurface casing should be set in a competent rock (limestone) formation that will not fracture at the casing shoe. The operator is required to drill a long 16-inch directional hole section with dogleg severity (DLS) upto from 1.5°/100 feet. This study presents a novel directional drilling strategy utilized in a deep offshore oil well with high inclination for achieving the challenge imposed by setting the casing shoe in limestone formation, deepest in the region (~8000 feet).
The drilling engineering team conducted an extensive technical and engineering evaluation of the trajectory and problems associated with drilling this section based on previous offset wells, including severe bit/stabilizer/motor bearings wear, loss of signals from MWD, tight hole/stuck pipe incidents, wellbore stability. After a detailed risk assessment, the selected well was planned and executed with this strategy to achieve our target. The paper outlines the process carried out during the drilling and casing running phase in order to successfully complete this well along with establishing several records in U.A.E.
The planned strategy was implemented after successfully drilling the 36-inch surface hole followed by running and cementing the 30-inch Conductor pipe. Then the planned trajectory was drilled with 16-inch Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) by building in the first 3000 feet reaching an inclination of 40° with DLS upto 1.5°/100 feet and then continuing to drill tangent section upto 8088 feet. The well was drilled with one run by sustaining an average ROP of 37 feet per hour for a total of 10 days. The 133/8-inch casing was successfully run without any major obstructions or tight spots to 8083 feet as there was efficient hole cleaning due to a Friction factor of 0.40 in Open Hole. Nevertheless, this strategy allow us to save approximately 3-4 days per well due to minimizing the drilling time, while achieving the longest surface hole section with one BHA in U.A.E.
Compatibility and Rheology of High-pH Borate Gels Prepared With Produced Water for Hydraulic-Fracturing Applications
Authors: Elsarawy Ahmed M. , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. , Cawiezel Kay E. 
Published: April 2017

Summary
Fracturing fluids are commonly formulated with pond water to ensure reliable rheology. However, pond water is becoming more costly, and in some areas, it is difficult to obtain. The use of produced water in hydraulic fracturing has gained increased attention in the last few years, because it could solve freshwater-acquisition difficulties and reduce disposal costs. A major challenge, however, is its high content of total dissolved solids (TDSs), which could cause formation damage and negatively affect fracturing-fluid rheology. The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using produced water to formulate crosslinked-gel-based fracturing fluid. This paper focuses on the compatibility of produced water with the fracturing-fluid system and the effect of salts on the fluid rheology.
Produced-water samples were analyzed to determine concentrations of key ions. The fracturing-fluid system consisted of natural guar polymer, borate-based crosslinker, biocide, surfactant, clay stabilizer, scale inhibitor, and pH buffer. Compatibility tests of the fluid system and its components were conducted at different ion concentrations. Apparent viscosity of the fracturing fluid was measured with a high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) rotational rheometer. All rheology tests were conducted at 300 psia and 180°F with a 3-hour test duration. Further investigations to study the effect of adding chelating agents to the fluid system were also carried out.
Results indicate the potential of untreated produced water to cause precipitates and, hence, formation damage. Precipitates were successfully prevented by diluting the produced water with fresh water. Divalent cations were found to be the main source of precipitation, and reduced amounts of each ion were determined to prevent precipitations. The separate and combined effects of Na, K, Ca, and Mg ions on the viscosity of the fracturing fluid were also studied. Regardless of the concentration of monovalent cations, divalent cations reduced fluid viscosity by up to 100 cp. Monovalent cations reduced the viscosity of fracturing fluid only in the absence of divalent cations, and showed no effect in the presence of Ca and Mg ions. The use of chelating agents has reduced the precipitation of divalent cations and enabled the formulation of fracturing fluid at higher Ca and Mg concentrations. Some chelating agents showed the ability to complex with the boron ion and/or reduce the system's pH value; consequently, viscosity measurements indicated the breaking of the fluid viscosity after the addition of the chelating agent.
This paper contributes to the understanding of the main factors that enable the use of produced water for hydraulic-fracturing operations. Maximizing the use of produced water could reduce water-disposal costs, mitigate environmental impacts, and solve freshwater-acquisition challenges.
Water safety planning for small water supply systems: the framework and control measures
Authors: Oluwasanya Grace O. , Carter Richard C. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A water safety plan (WSP) is a preventive comprehensive risk assessment and management approach to ensuring the safety of a drinking water supply from source to tap for public health protection. The concept was introduced in the last decade in international guidance documents and has been applied widely across a varied range of water supply systems, particularly, the public water utilities and to a lesser extent towards small systems. Mainstreaming water safety intervention for small systems however, would ensure safe household water to a wider population, alleviate poverty and hunger through water for use in support of livelihood activities, and help towards achieving the sustainable development goals. Self-supply hand-dug wells in Abeokuta, Nigeria, were assessed using the step-by-step World Health Organization WSP model, mainly from the relevant system assessment to operational monitoring and management procedures. This paper reviewed the methodology of water safety planning and flagged the issue of ‘who’ conducts WSP for small systems. The paper also evaluated major control measures critical to self-supply and suggested an apt WS planning model for the systems. The WSP framework for self-supply systems incorporated an institutional aspect for WSP coordination.
Quality Improvement of the DNA extracted by boiling method in Gram negative bacteria
Authors: Ahmed* Omar B. , Dablool Anas S. 
Published: April 2017

Several methods of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction have been applied to extract bacterial DNA. The amount and the quality of the DNA obtained for each one of those methods are variable. The study aimed to evaluate bacterial DNA extraction using conventional boiling method followed by alcohol precipitation. DNA extraction from Gram negative bacilli was extracted and precipitated using boiling method with further precipitation by ethanol. The extraction procedure performed using the boiling method resulted in high DNA yields for both E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteria in (199.7 and 285.7μg/ml, respectively) which was close to control method (229.3 and 440.3μg/ml). It was concluded that after alcohol precipitation boiling procedure was easy, cost-effective, and applicable for high-yield quality of DNA in Gram-negative bacteria.
Comparing Bioretention Designs With and Without an Internal Water Storage Layer for Treating Highway Runoff
Authors: Li Ming‐Han , Swapp Mark , Kim Myung Hee , Chu Kung‐Hui , Sung Chan Yong 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT:This study compares the performance of a field bioretention cell with and without an internal water storage (IWS) layer for treating highway runoff. Both synthetic and natural runoff tests were conducted. Hydraulic performances on peak discharge reduction and detention time extension were measured. Pollutant removal efficiencies were evaluated for total suspended solids (TSS), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonia, total phosphorus, and orthophosphate phosphorus. Pollutants in soil media were measured. Results reveal that both IWS and non‐IWS designs reduced peak discharge and extended detention time, while the IWS design performed better. For water quality performance, the non‐IWS design removed TSS, Cu, Pb, Zn, and total phosphorus to varying degrees of efficiency, but total nitrogen removal was minimal. The IWS layer significantly improved removal efficiencies for TSS, Cu, Zn, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Soil media accumulated some metals over time.
Fast and Direct Extraction of Cell‐associated Hepatotoxins from Toxic Cyanobacteria
Authors: Lagoutte Bernard , Tunkelrott Marja‐Liisa , Feraudet‐Tarisse Cécile , Dano Julie , Volland Hervé 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT:Microcystins are an important group of toxins produced by cyanobacteria of different genera. An increasing number of water contaminations by this class of toxins have been reported that are susceptible to generate important public health problems. We designed an efficient method for extracting these toxins on‐site for a rapid testing of potentially contaminated water. The extraction parameters have been optimized using Microcystis aeruginosa and the technique successfully applied to different laboratory cultures and field samples. The procedure employs a simple and stable reagent mix of propanol, Tween 20, and trifluoroacetic acid. It is directly active on crude cell suspensions without any pre‐treatment. Extraction yields measured by immunological quantification were at least equal to the best values obtained with the most commonly used laboratory techniques. An additional simple concentration/extraction step is also described that allows measurements on samples too dilute for direct detection by immunochromatographic techniques.
“Not Just an Apartment Building”: Residents’ Quality of Life in a Social Housing Co-operative
Authors: Theriault Luc , Leclerc Andre , Wisniewski Angela Eileen , Chouinard Omer , Martin Gilles 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the impact that two social housing complexes have had on their residents' quality of life. These two complexes, known as Tannery Court Co-operative Ltd., target a specific segment of the affordable housing market: non-elderly singles. A mixed-methods approach was used to assess the quality of life of residents. The data collection strategy used semi-structured interviews conducted with the help of a questionnaire. A total of 43 interviews were completed at the two building sites. Analysis of interview and questionnaire data identified six areas of improvement in residents' quality of life. These are life in general (an overarching dimension), housing (the focus of the Tannery Court intervention), neighbourhood (including safety and appearance), food, self-confidence (an enabling dimension for future development of projects and goals among the residents), and financial situation (a key dimension because of its multiple impacts on other aspects of life). RÉSUMÉ L'objectif de cette recherche était d'évaluer l'impact des deux complexes de logements coopératifs Tannery Court sur la qualité de vie des résidants. Ces complexes ciblent un segment particulier du marché du logement social, les célibataires d'âge actif et vivant en deçà du seuil de la pauvreté. Cette étude utilise une méthodologie mixte pour évaluer la situation et la qualité de vie des résidants. La stratégie de cueillette de données s'appuie sur des entrevues semi-dirigées effectuées à l'aide d'un questionnaire. Au total, nous avons complété 43 entrevues. Six aspects de la qualité de vie se sont améliorés de façon significative. Il s'agit de la vie en général (une dimension globale), le logement (l'objectif premier visé par l'équipe de Tannery Court), le quartier de résidence (dimensions importantes de la localisation d'un complexe comme la sécurité et l'apparence) la confiance en soi (une dimension clé pour le développement futur de projets et d'objectifs pour les résidants), la nourriture (en raison de l'accès à des électroménagers) et la situation financière (une dimension majeure étant donné son impact sur les autres composantes de la vie).
Advocacy Limitations on Gender and Sexually Diverse Activist Organizations in Canada’s Voluntary Sector
Authors: Mulé Nick J. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Registered charities are restricted when engaging in advocacy, whereas Canadian nonprofits face a far more difficult time when fundraising. The impact of such limitations on Canadian gender and sexually diverse1 activist organizations is one example of the implications on Canada's democratization process. Despite the efforts of the Voluntary Sector Initiative (VSI), and updated political activity policies, Canada lags behind both the U.K. and U.S. in recognizing and legitimizing advocacy as an important contribution to its democratic process. An organized challenge of the system at the political and legal level is called for to address this issue. RÉSUMÉ Les organismes de bienfaisance enregistrés font face à des contraintes lorsqu'ils défendent une cause, tandis que les organismes sans but lucratif rencontrent de nombreuses difficultés pour amasser des fonds. L'impact de ces contraintes sur les organisations militantes de genre et de sexualité diversifiés n'est qu'un exemple de répercussion sur le procédé de démocratisation du Canada. Malgré les efforts déployés par l'Initiative sur le secteur bénévole et communautaire (ISBC) et malgré la mise à jour de politiques sur l'activité politique, le gouvernement du Canada a du retard par rapport à ceux du Royaume-Uni et des États-Unis en matière de reconnaissance et de légitimation de la défense de causes en tant que contribution importante à son processus démocratique. Pour aborder cette question, nous sommes amenés à remettre en question le système de façon méthodique sur les plans politique et juridique.
The Benefits and Economic Value of Community Recreation: Proposal for an Analytical Framework Based on an Exploratory Study
Authors: Briand Louise , Sauvé Nathalie , Fréchette Lucie 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT This article presents the results of an exploratory study on the impacts of a program provided by a community recreation centre. The study proposes an analytical framework to assess the impacts of recreation on young people and refers to product and impact concepts developed by Marée (2005). The proposed framework includes dimensions that are sufficiently precise to grasp the impacts of community recreation centres (benefits, savings, impacts on individuals, life settings, and society), yet also sufficiently broad to allow for the evaluation of the impacts of other social endeavours. RÉSUMÉ Cet article présente les résultats d'une recherche exploratoire qui étudie les effets d'un programme d'un centre communautaire de loisir. La recherche propose un cadre d'analyse des impacts du loisir chez les jeunes qui prend appui sur les concepts de produits et d'impacts développés par Marée (2005). Le cadre d'analyse proposé comporte des dimensions suffisamment précises pour appréhender les impacts des centres communautaires de loisir (bénéfices et économies pour les individus, les milieux de vie et la société), mais il est aussi suffisamment large pour évaluer les impacts d'autres entreprises à vocation sociale.