bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results from a rapid national assessment of services for the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Granato S Adam , Gloyd Stephen , Robinson Julia , Dali Serge A , Ahoba Irma , Aka David , Kouyaté Seydou , Billy Doroux A , Kalibala Samuel , Koné Ahoua 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionLoss‐to‐follow‐up (LTFU) in the prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programmes can occur at multiple stages of antenatal and follow‐up care. This paper presents findings from a national assessment aimed at identifying major bottlenecks in Côte d'Ivoire's PMTCT cascade, and to distinguish characteristics of high‐ and low‐performing health facilities.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study, based on a nationally representative sample of 30 health facilities in Côte d'Ivoire used multiple data sources (registries, patient charts, patient booklets, interviews) to determine the magnitude of LTFU in PMTCT services. A composite measure of retention – based on child prophylaxis, maternal treatment and infant testing – was used to identify high‐ and low‐performing sites and determine significant differences using Student's t‐tests.ResultsAmong 1,741 pregnant women newly recorded as HIV‐positive between June 2011 and May 2012, 43% had a CD4 count taken, 77% received appropriate prophylaxis and 70% received prophylaxis intended for their infant. During that time, 1,054 first infant HIV tests were recorded. A conservative rate of adherence to antiretroviral therapy was estimated at 50% (n=219 patient charts). Significant differences between high‐ and low‐performing sites included: duration of time elapsed between HIV testing and CD4 results (29.5 versus 56.3 days, p=0.001); and density (number per 100 first antenatal care visits) of full‐time physicians (6.7 versus 1.7, p=0.04), laboratory technicians (2.3 versus 0.7, p=0.046), staff trained in PMTCT (10.7 versus 4.7, p=0.01), and staff performing patient follow‐up activities (7.9 versus 2.5, p=0.02). Key informants highlighted staff presence and training, the availability of medical supplies and equipment (i.e., on‐site CD4 machine), and the adequacy of infrastructure (i.e., space and ventilation) as perceived key factors positively and negatively impacting retention in care.ConclusionsPatient LTFU occurred throughout the PMTCT cascade from maternal to infant testing, with retention scores ranging from 0.10 to 0.83. Sites that scored higher had more dedicated and trained frontline health workers, and emphasised patient follow‐up through outreach and the reduction of delays in care. Strategies to improve patient retention and decrease transmission should emphasise patient tracking systems that utilise critical human resources to both improve data quality and increase direct patient follow‐up.
Surface-tension-tailored aqueous ink for low-temperature deposition of high-k HfO2 thin film
Authors: Han Sun Woong , Lee Keun Ho , Yoo Young Bum , Park Jee Ho , Song Kie Moon , Baik Hong Koo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In this paper, solution-based deposition of HfO2 thin film at low temperature was demonstrated. By using aqueous HfCl4 solution, the precursor was effectively decomposed with low annealing temperature of 150 °C. Thus it is preferable to use this solution for dielectric coating on flexible substrates. To achieve conformal coating on substrate, formic acid as a cosolvent was added to aqueous ink solution to reduce surface tension of the solution. Due to improved coating quality of HfO2 thin film, the fabricated HfO2 gate dielectric shows reliable breakdown characteristics and low leakage current.
Electrically controlled optical-mode switch for fundamental mode and first order mode
Authors: Imansyah Ryan , Tanaka Tatsushi , Himbele Luke , Jiang Haisong , Hamamoto Kiichi 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We have proposed an optical mode switch, the principle of which is based on the partial phase shift of injected light; therefore, one important issue is to clarify the proper design criteria for the mode combiner section. We focused on the bending radius of the S-bend waveguide issue that is connected to the multi mode waveguide in the Y-junction section that acts as mode combiner. Long radius leads to undesired mode coupling before the Y-junction section, whereas a short radius causes radiation loss. Thus, we simulated this mode combiner by the beam-propagation method to obtain the proper radius. In addition, we used a trench pin structure to simplify the fabrication process into a single-step dry-etching process. As a result, we successfully fabricated an optical-mode switch with the bending radius R = 610 µm. It showed the successful electrical mode switching and the achieved mode crosstalk was approximately −10 dB for 1550 nm wavelength with the injection current of 60 mA (5.7 V).
Reservoir computing with a slowly modulated mask signal for preprocessing using a mutually coupled optoelectronic system
Authors: Tezuka Miwa , Kanno Kazutaka , Bunsen Masatoshi 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Reservoir computing is a machine-learning paradigm based on information processing in the human brain. We numerically demonstrate reservoir computing with a slowly modulated mask signal for preprocessing by using a mutually coupled optoelectronic system. The performance of our system is quantitatively evaluated by a chaotic time series prediction task. Our system can produce comparable performance with reservoir computing with a single feedback system and a fast modulated mask signal. We showed that it is possible to slow down the modulation speed of the mask signal by using the mutually coupled system in reservoir computing.
Synthesis and characterization of Sb-doped ZnO microspheres by pulsed laser ablation
Authors: Nagasaki Fumiaki , Shimogaki Tetsuya , Tanaka Toshinobu , Ikebuchi Tatsuya , Ueyama Takeshi , Fujiwara Yuki , Higashihata Mitsuhiro , Nakamura Daisuke , Okada Tatsuo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We succeeded in synthesizing antimony (Sb)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) microspheres by ablating a sintered ZnO target containing Sb in air. The structural properties of the microspheres were investigated by Raman scattering studies. The Zn–Sb related local vibrational mode (LVM) was detected around 238 cm−1. Room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) properties of the microspheres were investigated under cw and pulsed laser excitations, and ultraviolet (UV) emission and whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) lasing were observed from the microspheres. Furthermore, a p–n heterojunction was formed between a single Sb-doped ZnO microsphere and an n-Al-doped ZnO thin film, and a good rectifying property with a turn-on voltage of approximately 1.8 V was observed in the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics across the junction.
Reply to comment by Kawakatsu and Abe on “Nature of the seismic lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary within normal oceanic mantle from high‐resolution receiver functions”
Authors: Olugboji Tolulope Morayo , Park Jeffrey , Karato Shun‐ichiro 
Published: July 2016

AbstractKawakatsu and Abe (2016) have highlighted the potential complicating effect of sediment reverberations on the analysis and interpretation of crust and mantle phases inferred from receiver functions analyzed from ocean‐bottom seismograms. In their comment, they identify resonant peaks in the power spectrum at one of the stations, T06, and demonstrate with synthetic modeling how sediment‐induced resonances can cause instability in the recovered receiver‐function (RF) traces. They also request a detailed explanation of how LQT rotation is conducted, and why its use leads to stable receiver functions in the analysis of Olugboji et al. (2016). We welcome this query as an opportunity to highlight certain technical aspects of the data‐analysis procedures used in Olugboji et al. (2016). Our methods derive partly from methods recommended by previous studies of receiver functions estimated from seismic seafloor data, particularly the use of the modal wavefield decomposition (which we approximated by the LQT rotation) to suppress reverberation signals in the overlying water column.
Fluid‐assisted deformation of the subduction interface: Coupled and decoupled regimes from 2‐D hydromechanical modeling
Authors: Zheng Liang , May Dave , Gerya Taras , Bostock Michael 
Published: July 2016

AbstractShear deformation, accompanied with fluid activity inside the subduction interface, is related to many tectonic energy‐releasing events, including regular and slow earthquakes. We have numerically examined the fluid‐rock interactions inside a deforming subduction interface using state‐of‐the‐art 2‐D hydromechanical numerical models, which incorporate the rock fracturing behavior as a plastic rheology which is dependent on the pore fluid pressure. Our modeling results suggest that two typical dynamical regimes of the deforming subduction interface exist, namely, a “coupled” and a “decoupled” regime. In the coupled regime the subduction interface is subdivided into multiple rigid blocks, each separated by a narrow shear zone inclined at an angle of 15–20° with respect to the slab surface. In contrast, in the decoupled regime the subduction interface is divided into two distinct layers moving relative to each other along a pervasive slab surface‐parallel shear zone. Through a systematic parameter study, we observe that the tensile strength (cohesion) of the material within the subduction interface dictates the resulting style of deformation within the interface: high cohesion (~60 MPa) results in the coupled regime, while low cohesion (~10 MPa) leads to the decoupled regime. We also demonstrate that the lithostatic pressure and inflow/outflow fluid fluxes (i.e., fluid‐fluxed boundary condition) influence the location and orientation of faults. Predictions from our numerical models are supported by experimental laboratory studies, geological data, and geophysical observations from modern subduction settings.
How a complex basaltic volcanic system works: Constraints from integrating seismic, geodetic, and petrological data at Mount Etna volcano during the July–August 2014 eruption
Authors: Viccaro Marco , Zuccarello Francesco , Cannata Andrea , Palano Mimmo , Gresta Stefano 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntegrating geodetic, seismic, and petrological data for a recent eruptive episode at Mount Etna has enabled us to define the history of magma storage and transfer within the multilevel structure of the volcano, providing spatial and temporal constraints for magma movements before the eruption. Geodetic data related to the July–August 2014 activity provide evidence of a magma reservoir at ~4 km below sea level. This reservoir pressurized from late March 2014 and fed magmas that were then erupted from vents on the lower eastern flank of North‐East Crater (NEC) and at New South‐East Crater (NSEC) summit crater during the July eruptive activity. Magma drainage caused its depressurization since mid‐July. Textural and microanalytical data obtained from plagioclase crystals indicate similar disequilibrium textures and compositions at the cores in lavas erupted at the base of NEC and NSEC, suggesting comparable deep histories of evolution and ascent. Conversely, the compositional differences observed at the crystal rims have been associated to distinct degassing styles during storage in a shallow magma reservoir. Seismic data have constrained depth for a shallow part of the plumbing system at 1–2 km above sea level. Timescales of magma storage and transfer have also been calculated through diffusion modeling of zoning in olivine crystals of the two systems. Our data reveal a common deep history of magmas from the two systems, which is consistent with a recharging phase by more mafic magma between late March and early June 2014. Later, the magma continued its crystallization under distinct chemical and physical conditions at shallower levels.
Neue Strukturdaten geben Einblick in die Bewegungen von Transportproteinen in der nicht‐ribosomalen Peptidsynthese
Authors: Kittilä Tiia , Mollo Aurelio , Charkoudian Louise K. , Cryle Max J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNicht‐ribosomale Peptidsynthetasen (NRPS) gehören zu den vielversprechendsten Ressourcen bei der Herstellung neuer biologisch aktiver Moleküle. Der Mechanismus der NRPS‐Katalyse beruht auf sequentiell angeordneten katalytischen Domänen. Diese sind modular organisiert, wobei jedes Modul jeweils eine Aminosäure auswählt, modifiziert und in das wachsende Peptid einbaut. Die während der NRPS‐Katalyse gebildeten Zwischenprodukte werden von Peptidyltransportprotein(PCP)‐Domänen von einem Enzymzentrum zum nächsten weitergereicht. Daher sind die Wechselwirkungen und Bewegungen der PCPs von entscheidender Bedeutung für den NRPS‐Mechanismus. PCP‐Bewegungen wurden mit den alternierenden Zyklen der Adenylierungsdomänen (A‐Domänen) in Zusammenhang gebracht, und kürzlich veröffentlichte Strukturen vollständiger NRPS‐Module stützen diese Hypothese. Es scheint allerdings, dass das Alternieren der A‐Domänen allein nicht zur Beschreibung des vollständigen NRPS‐Katalysezyklus ausreicht und dass der Beladungszustand des PCP für die Abfolge der Katalyseereignisse in diesen komplexen und faszinierenden molekularen Maschinen ebenfalls eine Rolle spielt.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Spirobenzazepinones with Atroposelectivity and Spiro‐1,2‐Diazepinones by NHC‐Catalyzed [3+4] Annulation Reactions
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Sun , Blümel Marcus , Philipps Arne R. , Wang Ai , Puttreddy Rakesh , Rissanen Kari , Enders Dieter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA strategy for the NHC‐catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of spirobenzazepinones, spiro‐1,2‐diazepinones, and spiro‐1,2‐oxazepinones has been developed via [3+4]‐cycloaddition reactions of isatin‐derived enals (3C component) with in‐situ‐generated aza‐o‐quinone methides, azoalkenes, and nitrosoalkenes (4atom components). The [3+4] annulation strategy leads to the seven‐membered target spiro heterocycles bearing an oxindole moiety in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities with a wide variety of substrates. Notably, the benzazepinone synthesis is atroposelective and an all‐carbon spiro stereocenter is generated.
Catalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Additions of (pin)B‐Substituted Allylcopper Compounds Generated in situ from Butadiene or Isoprene
Authors: Li Xiben , Meng Fanke , Torker Sebastian , Shi Ying , Hoveyda Amir H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMulticomponent catalytic enantioselective transformations that entail the combination of butadiene or isoprene (common feedstock), an enoate (prepared in one step) and B2(pin)2 (commercially available) are presented. These processes constitute an uncommon instance of conjugate addition of an allyl moiety and afford the desired products in up to 83 % yield and 98:2 enantiomeric ratio. Based on DFT calculations stereochemical models and rationale for the observed profiles in selectivity are provided.
A Metalloregulated Four‐State Nanoswitch Controls Two‐Step Sequential Catalysis in an Eleven‐Component System
Authors: Gaikwad Sudhakar , Goswami Abir , De Soumen , Schmittel Michael 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe nanomechanical switch 1 with its three orthogonal binding motifs—the zinc(II) porphyrin, azaterpyridine, and shielded phenanthroline binding station—is quantitatively and reversibly toggled back and forth between four different switching states by means of addition and removal of appropriate metal‐ion inputs. Two of the four switching stages are able to initiate catalytic transformations (ON1, ON2), while the two others shut down any reaction (OFF1, OFF2). Thus, in a cyclic four‐state switching process the sequential transformation A+B+C→AB+C→ABC can be controlled, which proceeds stepwise along the switching states OFF1→ON1 (click reaction: A+B→AB)→OFF2→ON2 (Michael addition: AB+C→ABC)→OFF1. Two consecutive cycles of the sequential catalysis were realized without loss in activity in a reaction system with eleven different components.
Morphology and crystallization behavior of PCL/SAN blends containing nanosilica with different surface properties
Authors: Qian Jing , Xiao Zhilin , Dong Lin , Tang Dahang , Li Mengjue , Yang Qi , Huang Yajiang , Liao Xia 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTMorphology and crystallization behavior of poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) in its 80/20 blends with poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN) containing hydrophobic or hydrophilic nanosilica was investigated. It was found that hydrophilic nanosilica displayed a more significant refinement effect on co‐continuous morphology of PCL/SAN blends than hydrophobic nanosilica for its selective distribution within the PCL matrix but closer to the two‐phase interface. Ring‐banded spherulites were observed in both kinds of nanosilica‐filled blends, the periodic distance of which decreased with increasing nanosilica content. Hydrophilic nanosilica reduced the dependence of the periodic distance of ring‐banded spherulites on the crystallization temperature more efficiently than hydrophobic nanosilica. Furthermore, crystallization process of PCL/SAN blends filled with hydrophobic nanosilica was suppressed as the restriction effect of nanosilica on the crystal growth always outweighed their heterogeneous nucleation effect. In contrast, low content of hydrophilic nanosilica (≤1 wt %) were more likely to exhibit growth restriction effect rather than nucleation effect, whereas heterogeneous nucleation effect of higher content of hydrophilic nanosilica (>1 wt %) dominated over growth restriction effect on facilitating the crystallization behavior. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44157.
Time Averaging Algorithms with Stopping Rules for Multi‐Agent Consensus with Noisy Measurements
Authors: Morita R. , Wada T. , Masubuchi I. , Asai T. , Fujisaki Y. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA time averaging technique is introduced to consensus algorithms in networked multi‐agent systems under a noisy environment. Each agent communicates with its neighboring agents via a constant gain, while the time averaging states of the agents are considered as the values for agreement. The variation of the time averaging states then is evaluated at a specific number of iterations, where the number is given explicitly in terms of parameters related to the consensus accuracy and its probabilistic guarantee. This result establishes a rigorous stopping rule for the multi‐agent consensus with noisy measurements. Several results on this type of stopping rules are provided for undirected, directed, and time‐varying communication graphs. These theoretical results are illustrated through numerical examples.
Effects of thyroxine exposure on the Twist 1 +/− phenotype: A test of gene–environment interaction modeling for craniosynostosis
Authors: Durham Emily L. , Howie R. Nicole , Black Laurel , Bennfors Grace , Parsons Trish E. , Elsalanty Mohammed , Yu Jack C. , Weinberg Seth M. , Cray James J. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundCraniosynostosis, the premature fusion of one or more of the cranial sutures, is estimated to occur in 1:1800 to 2500 births. Genetic murine models of craniosynostosis exist, but often imperfectly model human patients. Case, cohort, and surveillance studies have identified excess thyroid hormone as an agent that can either cause or exacerbate human cases of craniosynostosis.MethodsHere we investigate the influence of in utero and in vitro exogenous thyroid hormone exposure on a murine model of craniosynostosis, Twist 1 +/−.ResultsBy 15 days post‐natal, there was evidence of coronal suture fusion in the Twist 1 +/− model, regardless of exposure. With the exception of craniofacial width, there were no significant effects of exposure; however, the Twist 1 +/− phenotype was significantly different from the wild‐type control. Twist 1 +/− cranial suture cells did not respond to thyroxine treatment as measured by proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and gene expression of osteogenic markers. However, treatment of these cells did result in modulation of thyroid associated gene expression.ConclusionOur findings suggest the phenotypic effects of the genetic mutation largely outweighed the effects of thyroxine exposure in the Twist 1 +/− model. These results highlight difficultly in experimentally modeling gene–environment interactions for craniosynostotic phenotypes. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:803–813, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extracellular vesicles from malignant effusions induce tumor cell migration: inhibitory effect of LMWH tinzaparin
Authors: Gamperl Hans , Plattfaut Corinna , Freund Annika , Quecke Tabea , Theophil Friederike , Gieseler Frank 
Published: July 2016

AbstractElevated levels of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been correlated with inflammatory diseases as well as progressive and metastatic cancer. By presenting tissue factor (TF) on their membrane surface, cellular microparticles (MPs) activate both the coagulation system and cell‐signaling pathways such as the PAR/ERK pathway. We have shown before that malignant effusions are a rich source of tumor cell‐derived EVs. Here, we used EVs from malignant effusions from three different patients after serial low‐speed centrifugation steps as recommended by the ISTH (lsEV). Significant migration of human pancreatic carcinoma cells could be induced by lsEVs and was effectively inhibited by pre‐incubation with tinzaparin, a low‐molecular‐weight heparin. Tinzaparin induced tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) release from tumor cells, and recombinant TFPI inhibited EV‐induced tumor cell migration. EVs also induced ERK phosphorylation, whereas inhibitors of PAR2 and ERK suppressed EV‐induced tumor cell migration. LsEVs have been characterized by high‐resolution flow cytometry and, after elimination of smaller vesicles including exosomes, by further high‐speed centrifugation (hsEV). The remaining population consisting primarily of MPs is indeed the main migration‐inducing population with tenase activity. Compared to other LMWHs, tinzaparin is suggested to have high potency to induce TFPI release from epithelial cells. The migration‐inhibitory effect of TFPI and the interruption of tumor cell migration by inhibitors of PAR2 and ERK suggest that lsEVs induce tumor cell migration by activating the PAR2 signaling pathway. Tinzaparin might inhibit this process at least partly by inducing the release of TFPI from tumor cells, which blocks PAR‐activating TF complexes. The clinical relevance of the results is discussed.
Trueperella bernardiae: first report of wound infection post laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Rattes Alysson L. R. , Araujo Maria Rita , Federico Marilia P. , Magnoni Carlos D. , Neto Pedro Aurelio M. , Furtado Guilherme H. 
Published: July 2016

Key Clinical MessageWe report the first case of wound infection caused by Trueperella bernardiae after laparoscopic surgery. The patient was treated with oral amoxicillin/clavulanate which was continued for 1 week after discharge with a successful clinical response. There are few cases described but none related to wound infection after laparoscopic surgery.
GM‐CSF as successful salvage therapy of metamizole (dipyrone)‐induced agranulocytosis with Fournier's gangrene and severe septic shock in an adolescent
Authors: Winkler Annegret , Kietz Silke , Bahlmann Hagen , Jafarzade Gunel , Lode Holger N. , Heckmann Matthias 
Published: July 2016

Key Clinical MessageThis case report describes the successful use of granulocyte and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor as salvage therapy and an alternative to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a 14‐year‐old adolescent with metamizole (dipyrone)‐induced agranulocytosis and severe septic shock.