bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of supine and prone mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy in obese patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Gelmis Mucahit , Caglar Ufuk , Esmeray Abdullah , Gunay Nazım Furkan , Dizdaroglu Caglar , Meric Arda , Ayranci Ali , Ozgor Faruk 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction To compare the safety and effectiveness of Mini Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (m-PNL) operations performed in the supine and prone positions in obese patients.
Methods We retrospectively analysed data from obese patients (BMI ≥ 30) who underwent prone or supine mPCNL between January 2014 and June 2021 in our clinic. Kidney anomalies, coagulopathy, solitary kidney, skeletal deformity, and patients under 18 were excluded. Outcomes measures included operation time, fluoroscopy time, duration of hospitalisation, stone-free rate, and complications classified by Clavien-Dindo. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.
Results The study included 338 patients (100 supine, 238 prone). Supine mPCNL had a shorter mean operation time (89.6 vs. 100.3 minutes, p=0.001), fluoroscopy time, and duration of hospitalisation (60.7 vs. 112.0 hours, p=0.001). Overall complication rates were comparable, but major complications were higher in the prone group (p=0.041). Logistic regression identified stone size >25 mm and prone position as significant risk factors for major complications.
Conclusion Supine and prone mPCNL are both effective for treating kidney stones in obese patients. Supine mPCNL offers benefits, such as shorter operation time, reduced radiation exposure, and fewer major complications. Careful monitoring is recommended for patients with high CCI scores or larger stones due to increased complication risks.
meso-Hydroxylmethyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethylBODIPY: A Visible-Light Photoremovable Protective Group for Carboxyl Groups
Authors: Yang Yong-Qing , Xu Yue , Lu Zheng , Xu Ximing , Yuan Junjie , Liu Jialu , Yin Jie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA meso-BODIPY-type photoremovable protecting group for carboxyl group is developed. BODIPYs are well-known for brilliant color, favorable to reaction monitoring and purification. meso-BODIPY esters are achieved via esterification in 44–89% yields, while deprotection is fulfilled under irradiation of blue LED bulb in the presence of photocatalyst and organic hydrogen donor in 43–95% yields. This method is applicable to a variety of acids, such as aromatic, heteroaromatic, alkyl, α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids, etc. Our BODIPY-deprotective condition is almost neutral that both methyl and tert-butyl esters are compatible.
Assessing the Need for Imaging after Distal Radius Fracture Fixation
Authors: Jain Nirbhay S. , Barr Meaghan L. , Pflibsen Lacey R. , Benhaim Prosper 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background Distal radius fractures are extremely common. Patients routinely undergo early imaging (around 2 weeks) after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of distal radius fractures despite no clinical concerns. We analyzed the need for these radiographs by evaluating when imaging identifies complications after surgery.
Methods All distal radius fractures treated with ORIF via a volar approach by the senior surgeon were included. Intraoperative and postoperative images were analyzed for maintenance of reduction and complications. Demographic data, fracture characteristics, and postoperative complications were also recorded.
Results A total of 342 patients were identified. Postoperative images were obtained from 0 to 14, 15 to 90, 91 to 180, 181 to 365, or greater than 365 days after surgery. Some patients had multiple images. Measurements on postoperative images were statistically equivalent across all time points. Complications mostly occurred >90 days after surgery. Of the 26 patients with complications, 5 had a failure of reduction or plating seen on postoperative imaging. Two occurred after unrelated trauma; only three patients had unanticipated complications caught on routine imaging within 3 months after surgery. These patients had extraordinarily complex fractures in poor bone stock.
Conclusion Early postoperative imaging is not necessary after ORIF for distal radius fractures unless the patient is elderly, or the fracture is severely comminuted with ulnar column or die-punch components. Thus, we suggest that patients have imaging only in the 3- to 6-month period to determine if the union has been achieved, which could provide cost savings to both surgeon and patient.
Can Any Proximal Pole Scaphoid Fracture Nonunion be Treated with Arthroscopic Bone Grafting? A Series of Case Reports of Successes in Challenging and Unique Cases
Authors: Choudhury Muntasir Mannan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to the unique morphology and tenuous vascularity, proximal pole fractures of the scaphoid are prone to nonunion if neglected. The vascular anatomy and the understanding that the blood flow to the proximal pole is retrograde in nature, has supported the concept of disruption of blood flow to the proximal pole with the possibility of avascular necrosis in a nonunited proximal pole. Historically, surgical management at this stage has favored the use of a vascularized bone graft over a nonvascularized bone graft to achieve union and good outcomes. However, the current literature seems to deviate from the long-standing understanding of proximal pole nonunion and its relationship to avascular necrosis. Not only does it state that avascular necrosis is extremely rare, but it also advocates arthroscopic bone grafting of proximal pole nonunions using morselized nonvascularized bone graft which has been proven to be a highly successful operation. Here, in our paper, we present a short series of some unique but surgically challenging cases of proximal pole nonunion and our successful management by bone grafting and fixing them arthroscopically. Our experience and invariably the experience of many may indicate that arthroscopic bone grafting and fixation may be the correct choice of surgery for proximal pole nonunion of the scaphoid bone.
Catheter-Directed Glue Embolization for the Treatment of Bronchopleural Fistula with Associated Retained Microwave Ablation Needle Tip
Authors: DesRoche Chloe , Digby Geneviève , Mussari Ben , Menard Alexandre 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a rare but severe complication of lung tumor ablation. The mainstay treatment of BPF is surgical or bronchoscopic intervention; however, there are no current guidelines on the best practice for the management of BPF. In this case presentation, a 72-year-old woman developed a persistent and refractory BPF post-thermal microwave ablation of a lung tumor, complicated by detachment of the ceramic ablation needle tip, which resulted in recurrent tension pneumothoraces. The BPF was successfully treated with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and fluoroscopy-guided catheter-directed glue embolization, which offers a novel potential treatment option for persistent, refractory BPF.
Impact of Clinical Decision Support with Mandatory versus Voluntary Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Bahl Vinita , Moote Marc J. , Hu Hsou Mei , Campbell Darrell A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) causes significant preventable morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Assessing VTE risk is essential to initiating appropriate prophylaxis and reducing VTE outcomes. Studies show that computerized clinical decision support (CDS) can improve VTE risk assessment (RA), prophylaxis, and outcomes but few examined the effectiveness of specific design features.From 2008 to 2016, University of Michigan Health implemented CDS for VTE prevention in four stages, which alternated between voluntary and mandatory RA using the 2005 Caprini model and generated inpatient orders for risk-appropriate prophylaxis based on CHEST guidelines. This cross-sectional study evaluated the impact of mandatory versus voluntary RA on VTE prophylaxis and outcomes for adult medical and surgical patients admitted to the health system.
Methods Interrupted time series analysis was conducted to evaluate the trend in smart order set-recommended VTE prophylaxis by CDS stage. Logistic regression with CDS stage as the primary independent variable was used in pairwise comparisons of VTE during hospitalization and within 90 days post-discharge for mandatory versus voluntary RA. Adjusted odd ratios (ORs) were calculated for total, in-hospital, and post-discharge VTE.
Results In this study of 223,405 inpatients over 8 years, smart order set-recommended prophylaxis increased from 65 to 79%; it increased significantly when voluntary RA in Stage 1 became mandatory in Stage 2 (10.59%, p < 0.001) and decreased significantly when it returned to voluntary in Stage 3 (−11.24%, p < 0.001). The rate increased slightly when mandatory RA was reestablished in Stage 4 (0.23%, p = 0.935).Adjusted ORs for VTE were lower for mandatory RA versus adjacent stages with voluntary RA. The adjusted OR for Stage 2 versus Stage 1 was 14% lower (p < 0.05) and versus Stage 3 was 11% lower (p < 0.05). The adjusted OR for Stage 4 versus Stage 3 was 4% lower (p = 0.60).These results were driven by changes in in-hospital VTE. By contrast, the incidence of post-discharge VTE increased in each successive stage.
Conclusion Mandatory RA was more effective in improving smart order set-recommended prophylaxis and VTE outcomes, particularly in-hospital VTE. Post-discharge VTE increased despite high adherence to risk-appropriate prophylaxis, indicating that guidelines for extended, post-discharge prophylaxis are needed to further reduce VTE for hospitalized patients.
Approaches in aligning language frameworks
Authors: Lin Jia , Gu Xiangdong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Research on the alignment of “Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education” with other mainstream language frameworks is in its early stages. To provide practical suggestions for researchers of the Grading Standards, this literature review study investigated general approaches and specific techniques used to align three influential language proficiency frameworks (i.e., the CEFR, ACTFL, and CSE) with each other and with other frameworks. Through a review of alignment studies published between 2000 and 2023, this study introduced both direct and indirect approaches in aligning language frameworks, along with data collection and data analysis techniques associated with each approach. It also highlighted the prerequisites, advantages, and disadvantages of each approach and offered recommendations for future alignment research.
Semiclassical solution of black hole information paradox
Authors: Nikolić Hrvoje 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We resolve black hole information paradox within semiclassical gravity, in a manner that does not depend on details of unknown quantum gravity. Our crucial insight is that outgoing Hawking particles are physical only far from the black hole horizon, so they are created far from the horizon and entangled with degrees of freedom closer to the horizon. The latter degrees of freedom can be understood as quasi-classical coherent states, implying that Hawking radiation is accompanied with additional radiation similar to classical radiation by which the black hole loses hair during the classical gravitational collapse. The two kinds of radiation are entangled, which resolves black hole information paradox.
Automatic calibration and nonlinearity optimization for scale factor of micro-electromechanical system gyroscopes under force rebalanced operation
Authors: Shen Yaojie , Zheng Xudong , Tong Wenyuan , Fang Chen , Jin Zhonghe , Ma Zhipeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on automatic temperature sensitivity calibration and nonlinearity optimization of the scale factor (SF) for micro-electromechanical system gyroscopes under force rebalanced operation. The calibration of the SF temperature sensitivity is done based on stiffness modulation by injecting a cosine calibration signal to modulate the resonance frequency of the gyroscope drive mode. The parameters affecting the gyroscope SF are reciprocally proportional to the loop gain of the demodulated calibration signal, enabling a calibrated temperature insensitive SF. Implementing this real-time SF calibration algorithm in an field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform results in a decreased SF error from 42 416 ppm to 12 141 ppm over a temperature range of 0 °C–50 °C, which is further reduced to 3526 ppm by calibrating the temperature coefficient of the gain ratio of drive and sense mode front-end excitation circuits with the experiment. Additionally, we reveal that the force misalignment angle is a major error source of SF nonlinearity, which is verified experimentally with the result that the SF residual error within the range of 0.1 deg s−1–200 deg s−1 decreases from 8550 ppm to 3963 ppm by force misalignment angle compensation with force rotation matrices. Due to the elimination of parameters affecting both the SF calibration loop and the real angular readout loop and further calibration of the gain ratio temperature sensitivity of discrete boards, the SF error over temperature is reduced by 12 times, while the maximum SF residual error is optimized by two times as a result of the force misalignment angle compensation.
A new autocollimation method for refractive index measurements
Authors: Yurin Alexander , Vishnyakov Gennady , Minaev Vladimir , Golopolosov Alexander 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present a new autocollimation method for measuring the refractive index (RI) of transparent triangular prisms. The classical autocollimation method is simple, but due to total internal reflection it is suitable only for prisms with small angles, which limits the accuracy of RI measurements. The proposed new method makes possible the autocollimation measurements of the RI for prisms with large angles designed to implement the minimum deviation method. A comparative accuracy analysis of the proposed and classical goniometric methods of RI measurements is carried out. A reference prisms set made of Schott optical glass was studied and the measurement errors were estimated. The calculated absolute error does not exceed ±1 · 10−5, which proves the prospect of using the presented method for high-precision RI measurements. The autocollimation method can be used for RI measurements and to study the dispersion characteristics of triangular prisms made of optically transparent materials and liquid optically transparent substances filling a hollow triangular prism.
Lightweight CNN architecture design for rolling bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Jiang Lingli , Shi Changzhi , Sheng Heshan , Li Xuejun , Yang Tongguang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Rolling bearing is a key component of rotating machinery, and its fault diagnosis technology is very important to ensure the safety of equipment. With the rapid development of deep learning, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is widely used in bearing fault diagnosis, showing obvious advantages in diagnostic accuracy. However, the deep CNN model generally requires a lot of computing resources and storage space, and it is not easy to apply in practical engineering. Aiming at this problem, a lightweight CNN model for rolling bearing fault diagnosis is designed. This model is combined with a network pruning algorithm and neural architecture search, which not only ensures the accuracy of diagnosis but also reduces computing resources. By constructing the search space of the complete Cell class unit, using the multi-objective reinforcement learning search strategy, and applying the deep learning pruning method to prune and search the network, the lightweight CNN model with higher accuracy is efficiently searched. The rolling bearing fault data set is utilized to validate the use of the lightweight CNN model for diagnosing rolling bearing faults. This model significantly enhances operational efficiency without compromising accuracy, achieving a fault diagnosis accuracy of up to 98.56%.
Sensor self-diagnosis method for a nickel top-blowing furnace based on graph interactive dynamic fusion
Authors: Jiang Dongnian , Li Junkuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As modern industry gradually advances towards greater automation and intelligence, the scale of nickel top-blowing furnace smelting systems is continuously expanding, leading to an increasing need for sensor maintenance. Traditional periodic evaluations and manual maintenance methods are no longer sufficient to meet the development needs of intelligent sensors. To address this issue, this paper proposes a sensor self-diagnosis method based on graph interactive dynamic fusion, called DLGCN-GIDF. First, a combination of knowledge-driven and data-driven approaches is introduced. By constructing a dual-layer architecture based on a functional module graph network and a sensor graph network, a sensor correlation graph model for the nickel top-blowing furnace system is established. Next, with the aid of a GIDF module, the relative weights between functional modules and sensors are integrated to perform spatiotemporal correlation-based graph fusion. This enables the prediction of spatiotemporal data for sensors from a system perspective. Finally, the goal of sensor self-diagnosis is achieved using a standardised residual testing algorithm. Taking a nickel top-blowing furnace smelting system as an example, the feasibility and effectiveness of our method of sensor fault self-diagnosis are verified.
The thermodynamic stability and phase structure of the Einstein-Euler-Heisenberg-AdS black holes*
Authors: Zhao 赵 Yinan 怡楠 , Cheng 程 Hongbo 红波 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In both the canonical ensemble and grand canonical ensemble, the thermodynamic stability and phase structure of Einstein-Euler-Heisenberg-AdS black holes are studied. We derive the Hawking temperature, Helmholtz free energy, Gibbs potential, entropy and heat capacity of the black holes. We compute the minimum temperature to find that a phase transition may happen at the lowest point. The entropy-temperature diagram consists of two parts. The upper part belonging to the large black holes under the influence from the electromagnetic self-interactions keeps the positive heat capacity, leading the huge compact objects to survive. The lower curves corresponding to small black holes show that the heat capacity of the tiny black holes is negative, which means that the nonlinear-effect-corrected smaller sources will evaporate. The further discussions show that the nonlinear effect modifies the thermodynamic quantities, but the corrections limited by the nonlinear factor μ with allowed values can not change the properties and the phase structure fundamentally and thoroughly. We argue that the influence from self-interaction can not make the Einstein-Euler-Heisenberg-AdS black holes to split under the second law of thermodynamics.
Unraveling the early universe’s equation of state and primordial black hole production with PTA, BBN, and CMB observations*
Authors: Zhu 朱 Qing-Hua 庆华 , Zhao 赵 Zhi-Chao 志超 , Wang 王 Sai 賽 , Zhang 张 Xin 鑫 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pulsar timing array (PTA) data releases show strong evidence for a stochastic gravitational-wave background in the nanohertz band. When the signal is interpreted by a scenario of scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs), we encounter overproduction of primordial black holes (PBHs). We wonder if varying the equation of state (EoS) of the early Universe can resolve this issue and thereby lead to a consistent interpretation of the PTA data. Analyzing a data combination of PTA, big-bang nucleosynthesis, and cosmic microwave background, we find that an epoch with EoS

between the end of inflation and the onset of radiation domination can significantly suppress the production of PBHs, leading to alleviation of the PBH-overproduction issue. With the inferred interval

at 95% confidence level, our scenario can interpret the PTA data just as well as the conventional scenario of SIGWs produced during the radiation domination.
The Nature of the Elongated Granulations and Stretched Dark Lanes in a Newly Emerging Flux Region
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Yan Xiaoli 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, we explore the elongated granulations and stretched dark lanes within the emerging anti-Hale active region NOAA AR 12720. Utilizing high-resolution observations from the New Vacuum Solar Telescope, we discern a prevalence of elongated granules and stretched dark lanes associated with the emergence of new magnetic flux positioned between two primary opposing magnetic polarities. These elongated granulations and stretched dark lanes exhibit an alignment of strong transverse fields and a significant inclination angle. The endpoints of these features separate from each other, with their midpoints predominantly characterized by blueshifted signals in the photosphere. This suggests a close association between elongated granules and stretched dark lanes with the newly emerging flux. Additionally, we find that the stretched dark lanes display a more pronounced correlation with strong blueshifts and photospheric transverse magnetic fields compared to the elongated granulations. The transverse magnetic field within these stretched dark lanes reaches magnitudes of approximately 300–400 G, and the inclination angle demonstrates an “arch-like” pattern along the trajectory of the stretched dark lane. Based on these observed characteristics, we infer the presence of an emerging flux tube with an “arch-like” shape situated along the stretched dark lane. Consequently, we conclude that the stretched dark lanes likely represent manifestations of the emerging flux tube, while the elongated granulations may correspond to the gaps between the emerging flux tubes.
Enhancing thermal stability and corrosion resistance of carbon-carbon composites with iridium coatings deposited by electron beam physical vapor deposition
Authors: Kumar J V Sai Prasanna , R Sundharesan , D T Arunkumar , Ghadai Ranjan Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Carbon–carbon (C−C) composites are extensively used in high-temperature environments such as Combustor Liners and Turbine Blades in jet engines and Throat Inserts, Nozzle Extensions and Exit Cones in rocket engines due to their excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties. However, at temperatures exceeding 800 °C, these composites require additional protection to prevent degradation. This study aims to investigate the behavior of C−C composites when coated with high-purity metallic iridium using Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EBPVD). The research problem focuses on enhancing the high-temperature performance and corrosion resistance of C−C composites for aerospace applications. The methodology involves depositing a uniform 5.6 microns thick iridium coating on C−C substrates and characterizing the coating’s microstructure, hardness, and corrosion resistance. FESEM micrographs reveal that the iridium coating adheres uniformly to the substrate without any seepage, and XRD analysis confirms an FCC crystal structure with a densely packed grainy surface. Corrosion tests were conducted using a BIOLOGIC electrochemical workstation in a sodium chloride environment indicate a corrosion rate of 0.00307 mm year−1. The Nyquist, Bodo plots, and Taffel plots were constructed for the better understanding of the corrosion mechanism. While the OCP was constructed to understand the stability and the corrosion resistance of the C−C samples. Microhardness of the coating, measured under a normal applied load of 0.20 N, is 702 HV. The coated samples also could withstand thermal shocks between −40 °C and 1500 °C for 40 h without observable damage or color change. These findings demonstrate the potential of iridium-coated C−C composites to maintain structural integrity and performance in extreme aerospace environments, significantly impacting the field by providing a reliable protective solution for high-temperature applications.