bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability of tomato polyphenols is enhanced by processing and fat addition: Evidence from a randomized feeding trial
Authors: Martínez‐Huélamo Miriam , Vallverdú‐Queralt Anna , Di Lecce Giuseppe , Valderas‐Martínez Palmira , Tulipani Sara , Jáuregui Olga , Escribano‐Ferrer Elvira , Estruch Ramón , Illan Montse , Lamuela‐Raventós Rosa M. 
Published: February 2016

ScopeTomato contains a variety of phenolics associated with health‐promoting properties. However, the effects of processing and the addition of oil during tomato sauce preparation on microbial metabolism of phenolics in the small intestine are still unclear.Methods and resultsAn open, controlled, randomized, and crossover feeding trial with 40 healthy volunteers was carried out to analyze the metabolites in plasma and urine after the consumption of tomato and tomato sauces, with tomato sauce enriched with refined olive oil (ROOE) and without refined olive oil (oil‐free: OF). Ten phenolics in plasma and 93 metabolites in urine were quantified. Processing tomatoes into sauce enhanced the bioavailability of flavanones, flavanols, and some hydroxycinnamic acids, as reflected by the increase in the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve. An increase in their plasma half‐life was also observed, particularly after ingestion of ROOE, possibly favored by enterohepatic circulation. A wide variety of gut microbial metabolites was also detected, namely flavanones, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, hydroxyphenylpropanoic acids, hydroxyphenylacetic acids, and hydroxybenzoic acids.ConclusionsFlavanones and flavonols in ROOE presented higher bioavailability, suggesting that the processing undergone by the raw tomato improved their absorption.
Roles and regulation of the matrix metalloproteinase system in parturition
Authors: Geng Junnan , Huang Cong , Jiang Siwen 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYSignificant tissue destruction, repair, and remodeling are involved in parturition, which involves fetal membrane rupture, cervical ripening, and uterine contraction and its subsequent involution. Extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling by proteolytic enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are required for the final steps of parturition. MMPs participate in physiological degradation and remodeling through their proteolytic activities on specific substrates, and are balanced by the action of their inhibitors. Disruption to this balance can result in pathological stress that ends with preterm or post‐term birth or pre‐eclampsia. In this review, we examine the roles and regulation of the MMP system in physiological and pathological labor, and propose a model that illustrates the mechanisms by which the MMP system contributes to these processes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 276–286, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reference‐free single‐pass EPI Nyquist ghost correction using annihilating filter‐based low rank Hankel matrix (ALOHA)
Authors: Lee Juyoung , Jin Kyong Hwan , Ye Jong Chul 
Published: February 2016

PurposeMR measurements from an echo‐planar imaging (EPI) sequence produce Nyquist ghost artifacts that originate from inconsistencies between odd and even echoes. Several reconstruction algorithms have been proposed to reduce such artifacts, but most of these methods require either additional reference scans or multipass EPI acquisition. This article proposes a novel and accurate single‐pass EPI ghost artifact correction method that does not require any additional reference data.Theory and MethodsAfter converting a ghost correction problem into separate k‐space data interpolation problems for even and odd phase encoding, our algorithm exploits an observation that the differential k‐space data between the even and odd echoes is a Fourier transform of an underlying sparse image. Accordingly, we can construct a rank‐deficient Hankel structured matrix, whose missing data can be recovered using an annihilating filter‐based low rank Hankel structured matrix completion approach.ResultsThe proposed method was applied to EPI data for both single and multicoil acquisitions. Experimental results using in vivo data confirmed that the proposed method can completely remove ghost artifacts successfully without prescan echoes.ConclusionOwing to the discovery of the annihilating filter relationship from the intrinsic EPI image property, the proposed method successfully suppresses ghost artifacts without a prescan step. Magn Reson Med 76:1775–1789, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Accelerating chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI by combining compressed sensing and sensitivity encoding techniques
Authors: Heo Hye‐Young , Zhang Yi , Lee Dong‐Hoon , Jiang Shanshan , Zhao Xuna , Zhou Jinyuan 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of accelerated chemical‐exchange‐saturation‐transfer (CEST) imaging using a combination of compressed sensing (CS) and sensitivity encoding (SENSE) at 3 Tesla.Theory and MethodsTwo healthy volunteers and six high‐grade glioma patients were recruited. Raw CEST image k‐space data were acquired (with varied radiofrequency saturation power levels for the healthy volunteer study), and a sequential CS and SENSE reconstruction (CS‐SENSE) was assessed. The MTRasym(3.5 ppm) signals were compared with varied CS‐SENSE acceleration factors.ResultsIn the healthy volunteer study, a CS‐SENSE acceleration factor of R = 2 × 2 (CS × SENSE) was achieved without compromising the reconstructed MTRasym(3.5 ppm) image quality. The MTRasym(3.5 ppm) signals obtained from the CS‐SENSE reconstruction with R = 2 × 2 were well preserved compared with the reference image (R = 2 for only SENSE). In the glioma patient study, the MTRasym(3.5 ppm) signals were significantly higher in the tumor region (Gd‐enhancing tumor core) than in the normal‐appearing white matter (P < 0.001). There was no significant MTRasym(3.5 ppm) difference between the reference image and CS‐SENSE‐reconstructed image in the acceleration factor of R = 2 × 2.ConclusionCombining the SENSE technique with CS (R = 2 × 2) enables considerable acceleration of CEST image acquisition and potentially has a wide range of clinical applications. Magn Reson Med 77:779–786, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
A multidirectional semi‐analytical method for analysis of laterally loaded pile groups in multi‐layered elastic strata
Authors: Tehrani F.S. , Prezzi M. , Salgado R. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryA semi‐analytical method for calculating the response of single piles and pile groups subjected to lateral loading is developed in this paper. Displacements anywhere in the soil domain are tied to the displacements of the piles through decay functions. The principle of virtual work and the calculus of variations are used to derive the governing differential equations that describe the response of the piles and soil. The eigenvalue method and the finite difference technique are used to solve the system of coupled differential equations for the piles and soil, respectively. The proposed method takes into account the soil surface displacement along and perpendicular to the loading direction and produces displacement fields that are very close to those produced by the finite element method but at lower computational effort. Compared with the previous method that considered only the soil displacement along the loading direction, accounting for the multi‐directional soil displacement field produces responses for the piles and soil that are closer to those approximated by the finite element method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An analytical model for vapor‐phase volatile organic compound diffusion through landfill composite covers
Authors: Xie Haijian , Yan Huaxiang , Thomas Hywel R. , Feng Shijin , Ran Qihua , Chen Peixiong 
Published: February 2016

SummaryOne‐dimensional mathematical models for vapor‐phase volatile organic compound (VOC) diffusion through composite cover barriers are presented. An analytical solution to the model was obtained by the method of separation of variables. The results obtained by the proposed solution agree well with those obtained by a numerical analysis. Based on the proposed analytical model, the VOC breakthrough curves of five different composite covers are compared. The effects of degree of saturation of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) or compacted clay liner (CCL) on VOC migration in the composite covers are then presented. Results show that the composite cover barriers provide much better diffusion barriers for VOC than the single CCL. The top surface steady‐state flux for a composite barrier, consisting of a 1.5 mm geomembrane (GM) and a 20 cm CCL, can be 8.3 times lower than that for a 30 cm CCL. The surface steady‐state flux for the case with (1.5 mm GM + 6 mm GCL) was found to be 2.3 times lower than that for the case with (1.5 mm GM + 20 cm CCL). The degree of saturation Sr of the CCL has a great influence on VOC migration in composite covers when Sr is larger than 0.5. The steady‐state flux at the surface of GM for the case with Sr = 0.7 can be 1.8 times lower than that for the case with Sr = 0.2. The proposed analytical model is relatively simple and can be used for verification of complicated numerical models, analysis of experimental data and performance assessment of composite cover barriers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐fat diet feeding alters olfactory‐, social‐, and reward‐related behaviors of mice independent of obesity
Authors: Takase Kenkichi , Tsuneoka Yousuke , Oda Satoko , Kuroda Masaru , Funato Hiromasa 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveHigh‐fat diet (HFD) consumption causes obesity, which is associated with well‐known increased health risks. Moreover, obesity has been associated with altered sensorimotor and emotional behaviors of humans and mice. This study attempted to dissociate the influence of HFD‐induced obesity on behaviors from the influence of HFD consumption itself.MethodsC57BL male mice were randomly allocated to a low‐fat diet (LFD) group, an HFD‐induced obesity (DIO) group, or a pair‐fed HFD‐feeding nonobese (HFD) group. A comprehensive behavioral test battery was performed on all three groups to assess sensorimotor functions, anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors, reward‐related behaviors, social behaviors, and learning/memory functions.ResultsBoth the DIO and HFD groups exhibited disturbed olfaction, blunted ethanol preference, and enhanced social interactions. The DIO group exhibited blunted sucrose preference, shorter latency before falling off during the rotarod test, and a lower response to mechanical stimuli.ConclusionsThe HFD‐fed nonobese mice showed altered behaviors related to olfaction, social interactions, and rewards that were similar to those of the DIO mice. This finding suggests that HFD consumption alters a variety of behaviors independent of obesity.
Opposite Anisotropy Effects of Singlet and Triplet Exciton Diffusion in Tetracene Crystal
Authors: Xie Xiaoyu , Ma Haibo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe observe the diffusion anisotropy difference between singlet and triplet excitons in organic crystals; that is, singlet and triplet excitons may have completely different spatial direction preference for diffusion. This phenomenon can be ascribed to the distinct dependence of different excitonic couplings (Coulomb Förster vs. exchange Dexter) existing in singlet and triplet excitons on their intermolecular distance and intermolecular orientation. Such a discovery provides insights for understanding the fundamental photophysical process in a vast range of organic condensed‐phase systems and optimizing the efficiency of organic optoelectronic materials.
Forensic Occupational Therapy in Canada: The Current State of Practice
Authors: Chui Adora L.Y. , Wong Chantal Isabelle , Maraj Sara A. , Fry Danielle , Jecker Justine , Jung Bonny 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAlthough occupational therapists have been practicing in forensic settings for many years, there is a paucity of literature regarding the nature of this practice in Canada. The purpose of this study was to describe the practices of Canadian occupational therapists in forensic mental health. An online survey was designed based on the Canadian Practice Process Framework. Following purposive and snowball sampling, responses were analysed with descriptive statistics and content analysis. Twenty‐seven clinicians responded (56% response rate). Respondents indicated commonalities in workplaces, client caseloads and practice challenges. The outstanding need in Canada to demonstrate client outcomes through the use of evaluation instruments reflects those practice gaps identified internationally. Education, advocacy and research are critical areas for the development of Canadian forensic occupational therapy. Although findings heavily reflect one provincial context and may not be generalizable to nonhospital settings, a number of priority areas were identified. Future efforts should clarify the role of forensic occupational therapy to stakeholders, and validate their contributions through research that evaluates intervention efficacy and meaningful outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditional Survival and Predictors of Late Death in Patients With Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Davenport Jillian R. , Vo Kieuhoa T. , Goldsby Robert , West Daniel C. , DuBois Steven G. 
Published: February 2016

PurposeLong‐term survivors of Ewing sarcoma (EWS) are at considerable risk for future complications, including late relapse and death. Data on prognostic factors for late death in those who have survived beyond 5 years are lacking.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We obtained clinical features and outcome data on 1,351 patients with EWS who had survived 60 months or more. From these data, we performed univariate and multivariable analyses of overall survival (OS) using log‐rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsOf 1,351 patients in the cohort, there were 209 deaths, 144 (69%) of which were reported to be due to EWS. The OS for 5‐year survivors at 10 years was 87.5% (95% confidence interval 85.4–89.3%). Univariate adverse prognostic factors for late death in 5‐year survivors included age ≥ 18 years at initial diagnosis, male sex, and axial/pelvic primary site. Initial stage was not prognostic. Independent adverse prognostic factors for late death included black race (hazard ratio [HR] 2.16, P = 0.01), age ≥ 18 years at diagnosis (HR 2.02, P < 0.001), male sex (HR 1.43, P = 0.01), and axial/pelvic primary site (HR 1.43, P = 0.02).ConclusionsThe majority of late deaths in 5‐year survivors are due to EWS. Black race, age ≥18 at diagnosis, male sex, and axial/pelvic primary site (but not stage at diagnosis) are independently associated with increased risk of late death.
A cost and economic evaluation of the Leeds personality disorder managed clinical network—A service and commissioning development initiative
Authors: Kane Eddie , Reeder Neil , Keane Kimberley , Prince Sharon 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn the UK, patients with personality disorders presenting complex needs frequently experience an unhelpful pattern of acute treatment followed by community care—with associated high cost implications for services. With UK mental health resources under severe pressure, this leaves commissioners with difficult decisions to make. Yet studies on cost‐effectiveness in respect of personality disorder treatment are scarce, particularly for treatments taking place outside of major teaching hospitals in the USA. This paper studies the benefits of an intensive, holistic approach and finds that the Network achieved substantial reductions in health care usage and expenditure in the short to medium term. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gradual neofunctionalization in the convergent evolution of trichomonad lactate and malate dehydrogenases
Authors: Steindel Phillip A. , Chen Emily H. , Wirth Jacob D. , Theobald Douglas L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLactate and malate dehydrogenases (LDH and MDH) are homologous, core metabolic enzymes common to nearly all living organisms. LDHs have evolved convergently from MDHs at least four times, achieving altered substrate specificity by a different mechanism each time. For instance, the LDH of anaerobic trichomonad parasites recently evolved independently from an ancestral trichomonad MDH by gene duplication. LDH plays a central role in trichomonad metabolism by catalyzing the reduction of pyruvate to lactate, thereby regenerating the NAD+ required for glycolysis. Using ancestral reconstruction methods, we identified the biochemical and evolutionary mechanisms responsible for this convergent event. The last common ancestor of these enzymes was a highly specific MDH, similar to modern trichomonad MDHs. In contrast, the LDH lineage evolved promiscuous activity by relaxing specificity in a gradual process of neofunctionalization involving one highly detrimental substitution at the “specificity residue” (R91L) and many additional mutations of small effect. L91 has different functional consequences in LDHs and in MDHs, indicating a prominent role for epistasis. Crystal structures of modern‐day and ancestral enzymes show that the evolution of substrate specificity paralleled structural changes in dimerization and α‐helix orientation. The relatively small “specificity residue” of the trichomonad LDHs can accommodate a range of substrate sizes and may permit solvent to access the active site, both of which promote substrate promiscuity. The trichomonad LDHs present a multi‐faceted counterpoint to the independent evolution of LDHs in other organisms and illustrate the diverse mechanisms by which protein function, structure, and stability coevolve.
Effect of electron blocking layers on the conduction and valence band profiles of InGaN/GaN LEDs
Authors: Hammersley Simon , Dawson Phil , Kappers Menno J. , Massabuau Fabien C.‐P. , Frentrup Martin , Oliver Rachel A. , Humphreys Colin J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the effect of including an electron blocking layer between the quantum well active region and the p‐type layers of a light emitting diode has on the conduction and valence band profile of a light emitting diode. Two light emitting diode structures with nominally identical quantum well active regions one containing an electron blocking layer and one without were grown for the purposes of this investigation. The conduction and valence band profiles for both structures were then calculated using a commercially available Schrödinger‐Poisson calculator, and a modification to the electric field across the QWs observed. The results of these calculations were then compared to photoluminescence and photoluminescence time decay measurements. The modification in electric field across the quantum wells of the structures resulted in slower radiative recombination in the sample containing an electron blocking layers. The sample containing an electron blocking layer was also found to exhibit a lower internal quantum efficiency, which we attribute to the observed slower radiative recombination lifetime making radiative recombination less competitive. (© 2016 The Authors. Phys. Status Solidi C published by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Role of electron‐phonon interaction in the temperature dependence of the phonon mode frequency in II‐VI compound alloys
Authors: Polit Jacek , Woźny Mariusz , Cebulski Józef , Marcelli Claudio , Piccinini Massimo , Sheregii Eugeniusz M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe present an experimental investigation of the temperature dependence of the TO‐phonon mode frequencies for the HgTe‐based II‐VI semiconductor solid solutions. In the case of the ternary Hg0.9Zn0.1Te solid solution was shown a discontinuity in the temperature dependence of the HgTe‐like TO‐mode and of the ZnTe‐like TO‐mode, similar to the Hg0.885Cd0.115Te system [Sheregii et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 045504 (2009)]. A generalization of the theoretical temperature shift of the phonon mode frequency as analytic equation is derived that includes both the anharmonic contribution and the electron‐phonon e‐p interaction which in this case is returnable the electron subsystem effect on the phonon one. Data show that our equation satisfactorily describes the temperature shift of both Hg0.885Cd0.115Te and Hg0.9Zn0.1Te containing Dirac point (Eg = Γ6–ΓΓ8 = 0) although one of the two constants describing the anharmonic shift of the HgTe‐like mode should be positive what is abnormal too. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Suppression of noise in SEM images using weighted local hysteresis smoothing filter
Authors: Mazhari Mohadeseh , Hasanzadeh Reza P. R. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIt has been proven that Hysteresis Smoothing (HS) has several advantages for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image noise reduction. HS uses hysteresis thresholding to remove noise besides preserving important details of images. Determination of optimal threshold values (cursor width) plays an effective role in improving the performance of HS based filters. Recently, a novel local technique, named Local Adaptive Hysteresis Smoothing (LAHS), has been proposed to compute an optimal cursor width. In this paper, a new method is proposed to improve the performance of LAHS in noise reduction and detail preservation. In the proposed approach which is based on weighted averaging, local statistical characteristics of the image are used in order to modify the final values of estimated pixels by LAHS method. Proposed method is applied to SEM images corrupted by different levels of noise. Noise reduction and detail preservation performance of the proposed method is compared in both objective and subjective manners with other HS based filters. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is successful in improving the performance of LAHS and also it achieves better performance in noise reduction besides detail preservation of SEM images in comparison with other HS based filters. SCANNING 38:634–643, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Real‐time damage detection based on pattern recognition
Authors: de Oliveira Dias Prudente dos Santos João Pedro , Crémona Christian , da Silveira António Paulo Campos , de Oliveira Martins Luís Calado 
Published: February 2016

AbstractStructural health monitoring (SHM) can be defined as the process of developing and implementing structural damage detection strategies. Ideally, this detection should be carried out in real time before damage reaches a critical state and impairs structural performance and safety. Hence, it must be based on sensorial systems permanently installed on the target structures and on fully automatic detection methodologies.The ability to detect damage in real‐time is vital for controlling the safety of old structures or for post‐retrofitting/post‐accident situations, where it might even be mandatory for ensuring a safe service. Under these constraints, SHM systems and strategies must be capable of conducting baseline‐free damage identification, i.e. they must not rely on comparing newly acquired data with baseline references in which structures must be assumed as undamaged.The present paper describes an original strategy for baseline‐free damage detection based on the application of artificial neural networks and clustering methods in a moving windows process. The proposed strategy was tested on and validated with numerical and experimental data obtained from a concrete cable stayed bridge and proved effective for the automatic detection of small stiffness reductions in single stay cables as well as the detachment of neoprene pads in anchoring devices, requiring only a small number of inexpensive sensors.