bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Marine Bacteria Inactivation by UV Radiation Combined with Multi-pore Ceramic Filtration
Authors: Zhang Manxia , Tang Xiaojia , Wu Xiaomei , Li Na , Yu Ran , Zhu Yimin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUV is one of well-established ways to deal with bacteria in water. However, when applying on marine bacterium inactivation in ballast water, it shows low efficiency due to the existence of large amounts of plankton. To recover high transmission rate of seawater, plankton are required to be removed before UV radiation. Considering technical and economic feasibility, a novel method of multi-pore ceramic filtration (MPCF) is used as a primary treatment before UV radiation. The study compared UV treatment with MPCF & UV treatment at different flow rates and alga concentrations. The results showed that less than 40% marine bacteria can be inactivated by single UV radiation for the existence of large amounts of algae, while up to 100% inactivation rates were observed by MPCF & UV treatment at high alga concentration. According to the results of orthogonal tests, optimal experimental conditions including UV dose were detected. With the combination of MPCF, lethal UV dose for marine bacteria inactivation can reduce to 8 mW·s·cm
Oxidative Degradation of Bisphenol A: A Comparison Between Fenton Reagent, UV, UV/H2O2 and Ultrasound
Authors: Young Tessora , Geng Make , Lin Lin , Mededovic Thagard Selma 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe degradation of 40 mg/L (0.175 mM) of Bisphenol A in water has been investigated using four different oxidation processes: Fenton reagent, UV, UV/H
Photodegradation of Benzo-[a]-pyrene on the Surface of the Photocatalytic Paints and Analysis of the Degradation Products
Authors: Tryba B. , Janus M. , Wróbel R. J. , Przepiórski J. , Grzechulska-Damszel J. , Morawski A. W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFour different photocatalytic paints supplied by PIGMENT company (Poland) were tested for their self-cleaning properties. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as a representative of hazardous PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) was selected as a model pollutant. The photocatalytic tests were performed in a solar simulator Suntest CPS+/XLS+. The photocatalytic paint was coated on the porcelain cuvette. BaP was loaded on the surface of the photocatalytic paint after its dissolution in acetone. The concentration of BaP was measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results showed that indoor paints (latex and acrylic) were more photoactive than silicate ones, 0.05 mg of loaded BaP was almost completely decomposed on their surface after 60 min of irradiation whereas for silicate paints this time was much longer. It appeared that hydrophobic nature of indoor paints was more favorable for BaP decomposition. At the beginning the rate of BaP decomposition was going fast, but then slowed down because of formation of the decomposition products, such as 1,2 - benzendicarboxylic acid and hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1 (hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, which also followed decomposition. Additionally it was observed that some paint constituents were decomposed after exposure to solar irradiation.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol in Aqueous Solution by Titanium Dioxide Coupled with Magnetic Field
Authors: Yun-Hai Wang , Jing-Lian Zhao , Yong Liang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe present study reports the photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous solution by titanium dioxide coupled with magnetic field. The photocatalyst TiO
Comparison of Different UV-activated AOP Methods
Authors: Simonsen Morten E. , Jensen Carina V. , Søgaard Erik G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this study the photonic efficiency of different UV activated AOP methods are compared in regard to the oxidation of the dye p-nitrosodimethylaniline (RNO). The UV activated methods include heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO
Degradation of Dithizone by Non Thermal Quenched Plasma of Gliding Arc Type
Authors: Acayanka Elie , Laminsi Samuel , Ndifon Peter Teke , Berthelot Sop Tamo , Brisset Jean-Louis 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDithizone is an extracting agent largely used for metallurgical processes and has been found in waste waters. Its degradation is studied by exposing basic solutions to a gliding arc discharge burning in various gases (i.e., humid and dry air, humid air and tert-butanol) to underline the role of the formed °OH radicals and H
Germanicus, Artabanos II of Parthia, and Zeno Artaxias in Armenia
Authors: Olbrycht Marek Jan 
Published: November 2016

Summary:
The aim of this study is to analyse the Roman-Parthian relations under Artabanos II and Tiberius, and the political role played by Armenia, focusing on the agreement between the Roman prince Germanicus and Artabanos II. A scrutiny of military and diplomatic measures taken by Rome, Parthia, and minor kings of Kappadokia, Pontos and Armenia suggests a new perspective of the Roman and Parthian policies towards Armenia under Tiberius and Artabanos II. Artabanos II's triumph over Vonones compelled Rome to revise her policy toward Parthia. Artabanos agreed on a compromise with the ruler of Kappadokia Archelaos, a Roman client king, that involved installing Archelaos' stepson, Zeno, on the throne of Armenia. Germanicus' intervention in Armenia in A.D. 18 led to the conclusion of a compromise settlement between Rome and the Parthians, securing over a decade of peace between the two powers. Zeno Artaxias' coronation at the hands of Germanicus was commemorated by the issue of a set of meaningful silver coins.
Flavius Josephus, Hieronymus und die Eroberung Roms 410 n. Chr.
Authors: Klein Konstantin M. 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Sein Fortgang aus Rom 385 n. Chr. veranlasste Hieronymus dazu, die Stadt Rom als neues Babylon zu stilisieren. Dass er solch eine apokalyptische Bildsprache keineswegs nur im Affekt wählte, möchte dieser Beitrag zeigen. Fünfundzwanzig Jahre später bot die Einnahme Roms durch Alarichs Truppen 410 n. Chr. Hieronymus die Möglichkeit, erneut und an verschiedenen Stellen über Rom zu schreiben: Diesmal nutzte er aber die Darstellung des Flavius Josephus über den Untergang Jerusalems als Vorlage, deren vielfältige intertextuelle biblische und klassische Bezüge der Kirchenvater meisterhaft zu analysieren wusste. Den Fall Roms stellte Hieronymus so in eine Reihe mit der theologischen Deutung der Zerstörung Jerusalems, die als göttliche Strafe für die Verfehlungen der Einwohner erfolgte, ebenso wie Rom für Hieronymus zeitlebens eine verfluchte Stadt bleiben sollte.
Temporary Depletion of Microglia during the Early Postnatal Period Induces Lasting Sex-Dependent and Sex-Independent Effects on Behavior in Rats
Authors: VanRyzin Jonathan W. , Yu Stacey J. , Perez-Pouchoulen Miguel , McCarthy Margaret M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMicroglia are the primary immune cells of the brain and function in multiple ways to facilitate proper brain development. However, our current understanding of how these cells influence the later expression of normal behaviors is lacking. Using the laboratory rat, we administered liposomal clodronate centrally to selectively deplete microglia in the developing postnatal brain. We then assessed a range of developmental, juvenile, and adult behaviors. Liposomal clodronate treatment on postnatal days 0, 2, and 4 depleted microglia with recovery by about 10 days of age and induced a hyperlocomotive phenotype, observable in the second postnatal week. Temporary microglia depletion also increased juvenile locomotion in the open field test and decreased anxiety-like behaviors in the open field and elevated plus maze. These same rats displayed reductions in predator odor–induced avoidance behavior, but increased their risk assessment behaviors compared with vehicle-treated controls. In adulthood, postnatal microglia depletion resulted in significant deficits in male-specific sex behaviors. Using factor analysis, we identified two underlying traits—behavioral disinhibition and locomotion—as being significantly altered by postnatal microglia depletion. These findings further implicate microglia as being critically important to the development of juvenile and adult behavior.
Cross Talk Between Brain Innate Immunity and Serotonin Signaling Underlies Depressive-Like Behavior Induced by Alzheimer's Amyloid-β Oligomers in Mice
Authors: Ledo Jose Henrique , Azevedo Estefania P. , Beckman Danielle , Ribeiro Felipe C. , Santos Luis E. , Razolli Daniela S. , Kincheski Grasielle C. , Melo Helen M. , Bellio Maria , Teixeira Antonio L. , Velloso Licio A. , Foguel Debora , De Felice Fernanda G. , Ferreira Sergio T. 
Published: November 2016

Considerable clinical and epidemiological evidence links Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this connection are largely unknown. We reported recently that soluble Aβ oligomers (AβOs), toxins that accumulate in AD brains and are thought to instigate synapse damage and memory loss, induce depressive-like behavior in mice. Here, we report that the mechanism underlying this action involves AβO-induced microglial activation, aberrant TNF-α signaling, and decreased brain serotonin levels. Inactivation or ablation of microglia blocked the increase in brain TNF-α and abolished depressive-like behavior induced by AβOs. Significantly, we identified serotonin as a negative regulator of microglial activation. Finally, AβOs failed to induce depressive-like behavior in Toll-like receptor 4-deficient mice and in mice harboring a nonfunctional TLR4 variant in myeloid cells. Results establish that AβOs trigger depressive-like behavior via a double impact on brain serotonin levels and microglial activation, unveiling a cross talk between brain innate immunity and serotonergic signaling as a key player in mood alterations in AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the main cause of dementia in the world. Brain accumulation of amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) is a major feature in the pathogenesis of AD. Although clinical and epidemiological data suggest a strong connection between AD and depression, the underlying mechanisms linking these two disorders remain largely unknown. Here, we report that aberrant activation of the brain innate immunity and decreased serotonergic tonus in the brain are key players in AβO-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Our findings may open up new possibilities for the development of effective therapeutics for AD and depression aimed at modulating microglial function.
Cerebellar Shank2 Regulates Excitatory Synapse Density, Motor Coordination, and Specific Repetitive and Anxiety-Like Behaviors
Authors: Ha Seungmin , Lee Dongwon , Cho Yi Sul , Chung Changuk , Yoo Ye-Eun , Kim Jihye , Lee Jiseok , Kim Woohyun , Kim Hyosang , Bae Yong Chul , Tanaka-Yamamoto Keiko , Kim Eunjoon 
Published: November 2016

Shank2 is a multidomain scaffolding protein implicated in the structural and functional coordination of multiprotein complexes at excitatory postsynaptic sites as well as in psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders. While Shank2 is strongly expressed in the cerebellum, whether Shank2 regulates cerebellar excitatory synapses, or contributes to the behavioral abnormalities observed inShank2−/−mice, remains unexplored. Here we show thatShank2−/−mice show reduced excitatory synapse density in cerebellar Purkinje cells in association with reduced levels of excitatory postsynaptic proteins, including GluD2 and PSD-93, and impaired motor coordination in the Erasmus test.Shank2deletion restricted to Purkinje cells (Pcp2-Cre;Shank2fl/flmice) leads to similar reductions in excitatory synapse density, synaptic protein levels, and motor coordination.Pcp2-Cre;Shank2fl/flmice do not recapitulate autistic-like behaviors observed inShank2−/−mice, such as social interaction deficits, altered ultrasonic vocalizations, repetitive behaviors, and hyperactivity. However,Pcp2-Cre;Shank2fl/flmice display enhanced repetitive behavior in the hole-board test and anxiety-like behavior in the light-dark test, which are not observed inShank2−/−mice. These results implicate Shank2 in the regulation of cerebellar excitatory synapse density, motor coordination, and specific repetitive and anxiety-like behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe postsynaptic side of excitatory synapses contains multiprotein complexes, termed the postsynaptic density, which contains receptors, scaffolding/adaptor proteins, and signaling molecules. Shank2 is an excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding protein implicated in the formation and functional coordination of the postsynaptic density and has been linked to autism spectrum disorders. Using Shank2-null mice and Shank2-conditional knock-out mice with a gene deletion restricted to cerebellar Purkinje cells, we explored functions of Shank2 in the cerebellum. We found that Shank2 regulates excitatory synapse density, motor coordination, and specific repetitive and anxiety-like behaviors, but is not associated with autistic-like social deficits or repetitive behaviors.
Development of Activity in the Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Shen Jing , Colonnese Matthew T. 
Published: November 2016

A comprehensive developmental timeline of activity in the mouse cortexin vivois lacking. Understanding the activity changes that accompany synapse and circuit formation is important to understand the mechanisms by which activity molds circuits and would help to identify critical checkpoints for normal development. To identify key principles of cortical activity maturation, we systematically tracked spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity with extracellular recordings of primary visual cortex (V1) in nonanesthetized mice. During the first postnatal week (postnatal days P4–P7), V1 was not visually responsive and exhibited long (>10 s) periods of network silence. Activation consisted exclusively of “slow-activity transients,” 2–10 s periods of 6–10 Hz “spindle-burst' oscillations; the response to spontaneous retinal waves. By tracking daily changes in this activity, two key components of spontaneous activity maturation were revealed: (1) spindle-burst frequency acceleration (eventually becoming the 20–50 Hz broadband activity caused by the asynchronous state) and (2) “filling-in” of silent periods with low-frequency (2–4 Hz) activity (beginning on P10 and complete by P13). These two changes are sufficient to create the adult-like pattern of continuous activity, alternation between fast-asynchronous and slow-synchronous activity, by eye opening. Visual responses emerged on P8 as evoked spindle-bursts and neuronal firing with a signal-to-noise ratio higher than adult. Both were eliminated by eye opening, leaving only the mature, short-latency response. These results identify the developmental origins of mature cortical activity and implicate the period before eye opening as a critical checkpoint. By providing a systematic description of electrical activity development, we establish the murine visual cortex as a model for the electroencephalographic development of fetal humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCortical activity is an important indicator of long-term health and survival in preterm infants and molds circuit formation, but gaps remain in our understanding of the origin and normal progression of this activity in the developing cortex. We aimed to rectify this by monitoring daily changes in cortical activity in the nonanesthetized mouse, an important preclinical model of disease and development. At ages approximately equivalent to normal human term birth, mouse cortex exhibits primarily network silence, with spontaneous “spindle bursts” as the only form of activity. In contrast, mature cortex is noisy, alternating between asynchronous/discontinuous and synchronous/continuous states. This work identifies the key processes that produce this maturation and provides a normative reference for murine-based studies of cortical circuit development.
The Segregation and Integration of Distinct Brain Networks and Their Relationship to Cognition
Authors: Cohen Jessica R. , D'Esposito Mark 
Published: November 2016

A critical feature of the human brain that gives rise to complex cognition is its ability to reconfigure its network structure dynamically and adaptively in response to the environment. Existing research probing task-related reconfiguration of brain network structure has concluded that, although there are many similarities in network structure during an intrinsic, resting state and during the performance of a variety of cognitive tasks, there are meaningful differences as well. In this study, we related intrinsic, resting state network organization to reconfigured network organization during the performance of two tasks: a sequence tapping task, which is thought to probe motor execution and likely engages a single brain network, and an n-back task, which is thought to probe working memory and likely requires coordination across multiple networks. We implemented graph theoretical analyses using functional connectivity data from fMRI scans to calculate whole-brain measures of network organization in healthy young adults. We focused on quantifying measures of network segregation (modularity, system segregation, local efficiency, number of provincial hub nodes) and measures of network integration (global efficiency, number of connector hub nodes). Using these measures, we found converging evidence that local, within-network communication is critical for motor execution, whereas integrative, between-network communication is critical for working memory. These results confirm that the human brain has the remarkable ability to reconfigure its large-scale organization dynamically in response to current cognitive demands and that interpreting reconfiguration in terms of network segregation and integration may shed light on the optimal network structures underlying successful cognition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe dynamic nature of the human brain gives rise to the wide range of behaviors and cognition of which humans are capable. We collected fMRI data from healthy young adults and measured large-scale functional connectivity patterns between regions distributed across the entire brain. We implemented graph theoretical analyses to quantify network organization during two tasks hypothesized to require different combinations of brain networks. During motor execution, segregation of distinct networks increased. Conversely, during working memory, integration across networks increased. These changes in network organization were related to better behavioral performance. These results underscore the human brain's ability to reconfigure network organization selectively and adaptively when confronted with changing cognitive demands to achieve an optimal balance between segregation and integration.
Graphic Novels: a new literary genre in the English-speaking world
Authors: Danytė Milda 
Published: November 2016

Šio straipsnio tikslas yra pristatyti naują naratyvinį žanrą – grafinį romaną (angl. graphic novel), kilusį iš komiksų tradicijų. Komiksų vieta Šiaurės Ameri­kos kultūroje paradoksali; nors jie nuo XX a. pra­džios spausdinami beveik visuose JAV ir Kanados laikraščiuose, nevertinami nei kaip menas, nei kaip literatūra. Tik paskutiniame XX a. dešimtmetyje li­teratūrologai atkreipė dėmesį į komiksus, kaip savitą naratyvinį žanrą: aiškinama, kad būtina analizuoti žodžių ir vaizdų sąryšį, kuris sukuria išskirtinę nara­tyvinę kalbą. Šią kalbą meistriškai naudoja grafinių romanų kūrėjai – pritaiko ją visai naujoms temoms. Pavyzdžiui, amerikiečio Arto Spiegelmano romanas Maus („Pelė“, išvertus iš vokiečių kalbos) pasako­ja apie žydų holokausto siaubą. Iš pirmo žvilgsnio atrodo beveik šventvagiška, kad autorius apie žydų kančias Aušvico lageryje pasakoja naudodamasis ži­noma komiksų „kalbančių gyvulių“ tradicija. Tačiau A. Spiegelmanas sugeba tragiškus įvykius perteikti ironišku komiksų stiliumi. Jo romane išryškinama antrosios kartos paveldėta kančia, kuri komplikuo­ja tėvo ir sūnaus santykius. 1992 m. romanas Mauspelnė autoriui prestižinę Amerikos „Pulitzer“ lite­ratūros premiją. Kitas amerikiečių grafinio romano kūrėjas Joe Sacco taip pat domisi istorinių katastrofų poveikiu paprastų žmonių gyvenimui. RomanasPa­lestinas vaizduoja autoriaus klaidžiojimą per palesti­niečių pabėgėlių gyvenvietes. Romano įtampa kyla iš autoriaus bendravimo su palestiniečiais – ironijos objektu dažniausiai tampa jis pats, naivus svečias iš turtingų Vakarų. Žinomiausi Kanados grafinio roma­no kūrėjai Chesteris Brownas ir Seth (rašytojo Gre­gory Gallanto slapyvardis) taip pat linkę naudoti au­tobiografinę medžiagą. C. Brownas romane Tu man niekad nepatikai (išleistas 2002 m.) galima įžvelgti bildungsromano bruožų. Pagrindinis herojus, kaip ir autorius, vardu Chesteris, augantis Monrealio prie­miestyje, turi tipiškų paauglystės rūpesčių. Tik vai­kino motinai staiga susirgus nervų liga, susidrumsčia ramus priemiesčio gyvenimas. Chesteris priverstas subręsti. Seth’o romane Geras gyvenimas, jei tik nepalūžti (išleistas 2003 m.) irgi autobiografinis; pa­grindinis herojus, kaip ir autorius, vardu Seth’as. Ro­mano veiksmas – Seth’o pastangos surasti žinių apie vieną jau seniai užmirštą Kanados karikatūrininką, su kuriuo Seth’as tapatinasi. Autorius nenori prisitai­kyti prie Šiaurės Amerikos polinkio greitai užmirš­ti praeitį, nevertinti jos kultūros. Grafinis romanas apskritai yra iššūkis literatūrologams, verčiantis juos ieškoti naujų teorijų ir metodologijų, pagal kurias būtų galima nagrinėti naują žanrą.
В защиту Достоевского и детектива
Authors: Бержайте Дагне 
Published: November 2016

Straipsnyje, kurį iš pirmo žvilgsnio galima būtų va­dinti „skaitytojo užrašais“, pasitelkus kiek ironišką diskursą, sąlygotą paties pasirinkimo objekto, apta­riami du pastaraisiais metais leidykloje „Tyto Alba“ išversti ir gana gerai Vakarų literatūros pasaulyje vertinami šiuolaikinio britų rašytojo R. Morriso ro­manaiŠvelnusis kirvis ir Kerštingas potroškis. Šie du detektyvinio žanro romanai, kurių veiksmas vyksta 19-o amžiaus Rusijoje, Peterburge, skaitytojo dėmesį neabejotinai patraukia daugiau ar mažiau atpažįsta­momis (o tai priklauso nuo romanų skaitytojo lite­ratūrinės „patirties“) rusų klasiko F. Dostojevskio kūrybos ir asmeninio gyvenimo aliuzijomis, o taip ir kitų Dostojevskio amžininkų, tokių, kaip Gogolis ar L. Tolstojus, personažų vardais ir „situacijomis“ iš jų literatūrinio gyvenimo. Straipsnio tikslas – „atpaži­nus“, identifikavus paslėptus rusų literatūros klasikos „kodus“, pabandyti perskaityti Moriso romanus kaip jau gana įprastus šiuolaikinės literatūros pasaulyje „sikvelus“ (literatūros „tęsinius“) ir išsiaiškinti naujai pasiūlyto „žaidimo skaitytojams“ taisykles. Paraleliai straipsnyje aptariamos ir kai kurios detektyvo, kaip vieno populiariausių, daugumos „neprofesionalų“ nuomone, „masinės literatūros“ žanro, problemos.
Amicus in Spiritu Christi – Cicerono Lelijaus recepcija XII a. vienuolijoje: Aelredas iš Rievaulx
Authors: Julius Kerstin 
Published: November 2016

Straipsnyje aptariama įdomi Cicerono traktato Laelius de amicitia recepcija XII amžiaus cistersų vienuolyno vienuolio Aelredo iš Rievaulx kūrinyje. Dėmesį pa­traukia pirmiausia pats faktas, kad svarstyti draugystės kategoriją ir nustatyti jos apibrėžimą krikščionį įkvėpė pagoniškosios literatūros šaltinis ir kad autorius nepaiso viduramžiams būdingos nuostatos, jog vienuoliai turi labai kritiškai vertinti pagonių kūrinius ir nesiremti jais kaip autoritetais. Aelredo iš Rievaulx kūrinys išsiskiria ir tuo, kad jame kalbama apie draugystę, peržengiančią įprastos krikščioniškosios meilės ribas, apibrėžtas šv. Benedikto reguloje. Straipsnyje siekiama įrodyti, kad tarp Aelredo iš Rievaulx dialogo ir Cicerono kūrinių yra daug stiliaus ir idėjų panašumų, ypač suvokiant sąvoką virtus, kuri, Aelredo nuomone, yra esminė draugystės prielaida. Siekdamas suderinti Cicerono pateiktą draugystės apibrėžimą (De am. 20: Amicitia est rerum humanarum et divinarum cum benevolentia et caritate consensio) su savo gyvenimo patirtimi ir vienuolyno kultūrine aplinka, Aelredas sukuria savąją amicitia spiritalis koncepciją, pasak kurios, tikroji draugystė gali būti tik sakralioje vienuolyno aplinkoje.