bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edge plasma responses to energetic-particle-driven MHD instability in Heliotron J
Authors: Ohshima S. , Kobayashi S. , Yamamoto S. , Nagasaki K. , Mizuuchi T. , Okada H. , Minami T. , Hashimoto K. , Shi N. , Zang L. , Kasajima K. , Kenmochi N. , Ohtani Y. , Nagae Y. , Mukai K. , Lee H.Y. , Matsuura H. , Takeuchi M. , Konoshima S. , Sano F. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Two different responses to an energetic-particle-driven magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability, modulation of the turbulence amplitude associated with the MHD instability and dynamical changes in the radial electric field (E
r) synchronized with bursting MHD activities, are found around the edge plasma in neutral beam injection (NBI) heated plasmas of the Heliotron J device using multiple Langmuir probes. The nonlinear phase relationship between the MHD activity and broadband fluctuation is found from bicoherence and envelope analysis applied to the probe signals. The structural changes of the E
r profile appear in perfect synchronization with the periodic MHD activities, and radial transport of fast ions are observed around the last closed flux surface as a radial delay of the ion saturation current signals. Moreover, distortion of the MHD mode structure is clarified in each cycle of the MHD activities using beam emission spectroscopy diagnostics, suggesting that the fast ion distribution in real and/or velocity spaces is distorted in the core plasma, which can modify the radial electric field structure through a redistribution process of the fast ions. These observations suggest that such effects as a nonlinear coupling with turbulence and/or the modification of radial electric field profiles are important and should be incorporated into the study of energetic particle driven instabilities in burning plasma physics.
Toroidal rotation profile structure in KSTAR L-mode plasmas with mixed heating by NBI and ECH
Authors: Shi Y.J. , Ko S.H. , Kwon J.M. , Ko W.H. , Diamond P.H. , Yi S. , Ida K. , Lee K.D. , Jeong J.H. , Seo S.H. , Hahn S.H. , Yoon S.W. , Bae Y.S. , Terzolo L. , Yun G.S. , Bitter M. , Hill K. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The structure of the toroidal rotation profile with mixed heating by neutral beam injection (NBI) and electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECH) has been investigated in KSTAR L-mode plasmas. ECH with varying resonance layer positions was used for heating a mix control. The experimental results show that ECH causes a counter-current rotation increment both for off-axis and on-axis ECH heating. For L-mode plasmas, off-axis ECH produces larger counter-current rotation than on-axis ECH. Analysis of ion heat and momentum transport for the ECH L-mode plasmas shows that the electron temperature gradient is the main reason for the degradation of ion heat confinement and also the main driving force for the non-diffusive momentum flux. As a possible mechanism for the counter-current intrinsic torque with ECH, the transition of the turbulence mode from ion temperature gradient (ITG) to the trapped electron mode (TEM) with the resulting sign change of turbulence driven residual stress is suggested. A linear gyro-kinetic analysis shows the ITG  →  TEM transition occurs in a localized region during ECH injection, and the trend of TEM excitation is consistent with the observed macroscopic trend of the toroidal rotation.
IKAP: A heuristic framework for inference of kinase activities from Phosphoproteomics data
Authors: Mischnik Marcel , Sacco Francesca , Cox Jürgen , Schneider Hans-Christoph , Schäfer Matthias , Hendlich Manfred , Crowther Daniel , Mann Matthias , Klabunde Thomas 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Phosphoproteomics measurements are widely applied in cellular biology to detect changes in signalling dynamics. However, due to the inherent complexity of phosphorylation patterns and the lack of knowledge on how phosphorylations are related to functions, it is often not possible to directly deduce protein activities from those measurements. Here, we present a heuristic machine learning algorithm that infers the activities of kinases from Phosphoproteomics data using kinase–target information from the PhosphoSitePlus database. By comparing the estimated kinase activity profiles to the measured phosphosite profiles, it is furthermore possible to derive the kinases that are most likely to phosphorylate the respective phosphosite.
Results: We apply our approach to published datasets of the human cell cycle generated from HeLaS3 cells, and insulin signalling dynamics in mouse hepatocytes. In the first case, we estimate the activities of 118 at six cell cycle stages and derive 94 new kinase–phosphosite links that can be validated through either database or motif information. In the second case, the activities of 143 kinases at eight time points are estimated and 49 new kinase–target links are derived.
Availability and implementation: The algorithm is implemented in Matlab and be downloaded from github. It makes use of the Optimization and Statistics toolboxes. https://github.com/marcel-mischnik/IKAP.git.
Contact: marcel.mischnik@gmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An automated workflow for parallel processing of large multiview SPIM recordings
Authors: Schmied Christopher , Steinbach Peter , Pietzsch Tobias , Preibisch Stephan , Tomancak Pavel 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Summary: Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM) allows to image developing organisms in 3D at unprecedented temporal resolution over long periods of time. The resulting massive amounts of raw image data requires extensive processing interactively via dedicated graphical user interface (GUI) applications. The consecutive processing steps can be easily automated and the individual time points can be processed independently, which lends itself to trivial parallelization on a high performance computing (HPC) cluster. Here, we introduce an automated workflow for processing large multiview, multichannel, multiillumination time-lapse SPIM data on a single workstation or in parallel on a HPC cluster. The pipeline relies on snakemake to resolve dependencies among consecutive processing steps and can be easily adapted to any cluster environment for processing SPIM data in a fraction of the time required to collect it.
Availability and implementation: The code is distributed free and open source under the MIT license http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT. The source code can be downloaded from github: https://github.com/mpicbg-scicomp/snakemake-workflows. Documentation can be found here: http://fiji.sc/Automated_workflow_for_parallel_Multiview_Reconstruction.
Contact: schmied@mpi-cbg.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
‘The Curse of the Co-ops’: Co-operation, the Mass Press and the Market in Interwar Britain
Authors: Gurney Peter 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Though it continues to be neglected by historians, the British Co-operative movement had 6.5 million members in the early 1930s. The movement’s phenomenal success inevitably brought it into conflict with both private capitalists and government, who sought to contain co-operators’ ambitions. The movement’s ideologues proclaimed that the great lesson of the Depression was that markets ought to be regulated by the democratic will of the people and that co-operative success proved that this was both practicable and possible. This article assesses the threat that co-operation posed to economic and business elites in this period, highlighting particularly co-operators’ critique of the myth of the ‘free’ market and their fears concerning the rapid post-war growth of combines and syndicates. It explores co-operators’ thwarted attempt to regulate markets in the interest of working-class shoppers by means of the Consumers’ Council Bill after 1929 and then goes on to discuss the ‘penal’ taxation imposed on the Co-operative movement as a kind of disciplinary measure by the National Government in 1933. The role of the mass-circulation press provides a vital thread in the story throughout, for the anti-co-operative ‘crusade’ was fervently taken up by the press barons, Lord Beaverbrook and Lord Rothermere, who used all the powers at their disposal to try to extinguish the largest democratic movement of consumers Britain had ever had.
Taxonomy of Situations and Their Measurement
Authors: Meyer Rustin D. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Numerous psychologists across several subdisciplines have argued that the field’s ability to understand and predict human behavior is limited by a lack of a universal way of conceptualizing and categorizing situations. Perhaps the primary reason underlying this lack of consensus is the sheer enormity and complexity of creating a taxonomy of an entity as amorphous and multifaceted as “the situation.” Despite (or perhaps because of) the depth of this challenge, a number of researchers have put forth diverse attempts to create taxonomies of situations. The present effort examines the critical choices that these researchers have faced along the way and reviews specific examples of the various decisions they ultimately made in developing their final product.
Shared Decision-Making for Treatment Planning in Mental Health Care
Authors: Langer David A. , Mooney Tessa K. , Wills Celia E. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Shared Decision-Making (SDM) for treatment planning in mental health care is an interactive process through which clinicians and patients collaboratively determine the course of treatment. This chapter is divided into six sections, the first two of which provide a historical perspective on treatment planning and SDM in particular and discuss the core tenets and components of the SDM model. The third section details the key arguments in favor of SDM and summarizes the existing empirical support for the usefulness of SDM. The fourth and fifth sections focus on the components of SDM and implementing SDM in practice, and the final section proposes future directions for the field as SDM becomes more prominent in clinical care.
Sentencing Policies and Practices in California
Authors: Vitiello Michael 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This chapter traces sentencing policies and practices in California, including the decision to abandon indeterminate sentencing and the enactment of a sentencing reform statute called Realignment. It first discusses California’s sentencing policies and practices from 1970 through the sentencing reductions driven by litigation in the federal courts and by initiatives that have signaled the voters’ rethinking of California’s approach to punishment. It then considers how California has reversed the trend toward longer prison sentences, along with its Three Strikes legislation and its effect on California’s prison overcrowding crisis. It examines the declining crime rates in California and whether Three Strikes is responsible for that downturn; the national trend that has questioned the overuse of incarceration; the shift of prisoners from state prisons to county jails; and California’s failed efforts to adopt a sentencing commission in the past and prospects for future reforms. It concludes by looking at California’s death penalty.
Taxation in the Achaemenid Empire
Authors: Kleber Kristin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The present contribution treats taxation in the Achaemenid, or First Persian, Empire, which lasted from 538 to 330 b.c.e. Its focus lies on information derived from the cuneiform texts discovered in Babylonia and Iran. Until very recently, Greek authors, in particular Herodotus, were used almost exclusively as sources of information on taxation. However, the original sources from the empire itself show that the reality had little in common with the view perpetuated by Herodotus. The differences are discussed here, and an overview of tax bases is given for the satrapy Babylonia because most of the relevant source material comes from there.
Contemporary Daoist Tangki Practice
Authors: Chan Margaret 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Since 1979, China has seen a renaissance of indigenous belief systems, including Daoist tangki spirit-medium practice. Tangki traditions have Neolithic roots. The founding myth is of a man who magically battled flood demons to save China. In imperial times, ordi-nary people, disenfranchised by the state religion and pawns of dynastic wars, created a soteriology of self-empowerment. Ordinary people would transform through spirit pos-session into warrior gods who would save the community. Millennia-old tangki traditions have diffused into the modern Chinese quotidian. With a remote Central Committee of the Communist Party recalling distant emperors, village temples, many led by tangkis, have formed “second governments” to deal with day-to-day exigencies. Religion offers a cultural lens to obtain new perspectives of the Chinese worldview.
Opening of the Adenosine Triphosphate-sensitive Potassium Channel Attenuates Morphine Tolerance by Inhibiting JNK and Astrocyte Activation in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Cao Zhijuan , Dai Wenling , Zhang Ran , Chen Lu , Yang Xiangyu , Hu Liang , Chiang Li-Yang , Liu Wentao 
Published: December 2015

Objectives:
In the present study, we investigated the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in chronic morphine tolerance.

Materials and Methods:
Male mice were injected intrathecally with morphine or saline, respectively (each in 10 μL). Different doses of the KATP opener cromakalim (0.3, 1, or 3 μg/10 μL/mouse) were administered 15 minutes before the morphine (10 μg/10 μL/mouse) challenge daily for 7 consecutive days. Half an hour after morphine injection, the tail-flick latency was measured to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of morphine. On the seventh day, mice were euthanized with sodium pentobarbital (100 mg/kg) at 1 hour after morphine injection, and their spinal cords were removed for the assays of Western blot, immunofluorescence, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
Opening of the KATP channel attenuates chronic morphine tolerance, suppresses astrocyte activation inhibits the increase in interleukin-1β at the transcriptional and the translational levels, and reduces the upregulation of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase in the spinal cord after chronic morphine treatment. Moreover, transcriptional levels of spinal cord astrocyte KATP channel subunits, named the inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) 6.1 and sulfonylurea receptor 1, are decreased in morphine-tolerant mice.

Discussion:
Cromakalim suppresses morphine-induced astrocyte activation significantly by suppressing the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway, resulting in a reduced release of interleukin-1β and the attenuation of morphine chronic antinociceptive tolerance.
Assessing the Impact of Renal Function on Trajectory of Intravenous Patient-controlled Analgesic Demands Over Time After Open and Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery Using Latent Curve Analysis
Authors: Chao Pei-Wen , Lin Shih-Pin , Tsou Mei-Yung , Kuo I-Ting , Chang Kuang-Yi 
Published: December 2015

Objectives:
Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IVPCA) is often used to relieve pain after colorectal surgery. This study aimed to model the trajectory of analgesic demand over time after colorectal cancer surgery and explore potentially relevant influential factors using latent curve analysis, focusing on laparoscopic-assisted surgery and renal function.

Materials and Methods:
Patients receiving colorectal surgery with postoperative IVPCA were randomly divided into 2 equal parts to enable model construction and cross validation. Archived data were retrieved from the IVPCA pump. Latent curve modeling with 2 latent variables that reflected the baseline and slope of IVPCA demand trajectory over time was used and the effects of potentially influential factors on the 2 latent variables were evaluated. Goodness-of-fit indices were used to assess the model fit to both the model construction and validation data sets.

Results:
Data were collected from 834 patients, of whom 112 had laparoscopic-assisted surgery. Latent curve analysis revealed that body weight increased the baseline analgesic demand over time, whereas increasing age, female sex, poor renal function, and laparoscopic-assisted surgery decrease it. By contrast, only age and weight exerted significant effects on the slope parameter to modify the trajectory of IVPCA demand. Patients with higher age or less weight tended to have a smoother decreasing trajectory of analgesic demands over time. There was good cross validation, as the parameter estimates derived from the model construction data set fitted well to the validation data set (root mean square error of approximation: 0.05).

Conclusion:
Laparoscopic-assisted surgery and renal function affected the baseline trajectory of IVPCA demand over time, but had no significant effect on its shape.
Emerging Roles for MicroRNAs in Perioperative Medicine
Authors: Neudecker Viola , Brodsky Kelley S. , Kreth Simone , Ginde Adit A. , Eltzschig Holger K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAbstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non–protein-coding, single-stranded RNAs. They function as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression by interacting with target mRNAs. This process prevents translation of target mRNAs into a functional protein. miRNAs are considered to be functionally involved in virtually all physiologic processes, including differentiation and proliferation, metabolism, hemostasis, apoptosis, and inflammation. Many of these functions have important implications for anesthesiology and critical care medicine. Studies indicate that miRNA expression levels can be used to predict the risk for eminent organ injury or sepsis. Pharmacologic approaches targeting miRNAs for the treatment of human diseases are currently being tested in clinical trials. The present review highlights the important biological functions of miRNAs and their usefulness as perioperative biomarkers and discusses the pharmacologic approaches that modulate miRNA functions for disease treatment. In addition, the authors discuss the pharmacologic interactions of miRNAs with currently used anesthetics and their potential to impact anesthetic toxicity and side effects.
MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNA molecules that have the capability to regulate protein expression at the posttranslational level. They play important roles as modulators of various biological functions including health and disease. This review provides an overview of microRNA biology, and specifically highlights their functional roles for the field of perioperative medicine.
An Independent Inter- and Intraobserver Agreement Evaluation of the AOSpine Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System
Authors: Urrutia Julio , Zamora Tomas , Yurac Ratko , Campos Mauricio , Palma Joaquin , Mobarec Sebastian , Prada Carlos 
Published: December 2015

Study Design.
An agreement study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to perform an independent interobserver and intraobserver agreement assessment of the AOSpine subaxial cervical spine injury classification system.

Summary of Background Data.
The AOSpine subaxial cervical spine injury classification system was recently described. It showed substantial inter- and intraobserver agreement in the study describing it; however, an independent evaluation has not been performed.

Methods.
Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs, computed tomography scans, and magnetic resonance imaging of 65 patients with acute traumatic subaxial cervical spine injuries were selected and classified using the morphologic grading of the subaxial cervical spine injury classification system by 6 evaluators (3 spine surgeons and 3 orthopedic surgery residents). After a 6-week interval, the 65 cases were presented to the same evaluators in a random sequence for repeat evaluation. The kappa coefficient (κ) was used to determine the inter- and intraobserver agreement.

Results.
The interobserver agreement was substantial when considering the fracture main types (A, B, C, or F), with κ = 0.61 (0.57–0.64), but moderate when considering the subtypes: κ = 0.57 (0.54–0.60). The intraobserver agreement was substantial considering the fracture types, with κ = 0.68 (0.62–0.74) and considering subtypes, κ = 0.62 (0.57–0.66). No significant differences were observed between spine surgeons and orthopedic residents in the overall inter- and intraobserver agreement, or in the inter- and intraobserver agreement of specific A, B, C, or F type of injuries.

Conclusion.
This classification allows adequate agreement among different observers and by the same observer on separate occasions. Future prospective studies should determine whether this classification allows surgeons to decide the best treatment for patients with subaxial cervical spine injuries.

Level of Evidence: 3
ELEVATED INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE FOLLOWING PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY DUE TO TRAPPED GAS IN THE POSTERIOR CHAMBER
Authors: Chin Eric K. , Almeida David R. P. , Strohbehn Austin L. , Mahajan Vinit B. , Russell Stephen R. , Folk James C. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:
Elevated intraocular pressure is relatively common following pars plana vitrectomy and intraocular gas tamponade. We discuss a series of patients who experienced elevated intraocular pressure from pupillary block and angle closure secondary to trapped gas in the posterior chamber.

Methods:
Case series.

Results:
Case 1 is a patient who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment repair. The intraocular pressure was elevated on postoperative Day 3 because of trapped gas in the posterior chamber, and it did not lower with prone positioning, maximal medical therapy, and laser peripheral iridotomies. Aspiration of the trapped gas was done with the patient sitting upright using a 27-gauge needle at the limbus, which was curative. Case 2 provides anterior-segment optical coherence tomography images that confirmed the location of the trapped gas resulting in angle closure. Case 3 demonstrates the unfortunate sequelae of a central retinal artery occlusion following delayed recognition of this entity. Case 4 highlights the challenges encountered when migratory gas is also seen elsewhere in the eye.

Conclusion:
Clinicians should be aware of elevated intraocular pressure secondary to trapped gas in the posterior chamber, which may be recalcitrant to medical therapy. Aspiration of the trapped gas can alleviate both pupillary block and angle closure without compromising the gas tamponade.
Multifocal Intraocular Lens Results in Correcting Presbyopia in Eyes After Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Kim Kyeong Hwan , Seok Kyung-won , Kim Wan Soo 
Published: December 2015

Objectives:
To report results of multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in 2 patients with refractive error and presbyopia after previous radial keratotomy (RK).

Methods:
A refractive multifocal IOL with rotational asymmetry (LS313-MF30; Oculentis, Berlin, Germany) was implanted.

Results:
The first patient was a 60-year-old man with myopia who underwent unilateral RK 20 years before. His uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 20/400, and his distance corrected near vision was J9 in both eyes. Six months after bilateral surgery, his binocular UDVA and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) improved to 20/20 and J1, respectively, although he experienced diurnal fluctuation. The second patient was a 55-year-old woman with hyperopia who underwent bilateral RK 18 years before. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/25 in both eyes, but UNVA was between J9 and J10. Three months after unilateral surgery, UDVA and UNVA of the postsurgical eye improved to 20/20 and J1, respectively. Neither patient reported any significant photic phenomena, and both were satisfied with the results of treatment.

Conclusions:
The desirable clinical outcomes and levels of satisfaction expressed by these patients indicate that surgery using this particular multifocal IOL may benefit presbyopic patients with previous RK.