bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiosynthesis and evaluation of 1‐substituted 3‐(2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐2‐yl)‐6‐(1‐ethylpropyl)‐(3R,6R)‐2,5‐piperazinedione derivatives as PET tracers for imaging the central oxytocinergic system
Authors: Marzano Carmine , Jakobsen Steen , Salinas Cristian , Tang Sac Pham , Bender Dirk , Passchier Jan , Plisson Christophe 
Published: July 2017

Oxytocin is known to be implicated in a variety of functions, such as learning, stress, anxiety, feeding, and pain perception. Oxytocin is also important for social memory and attachment, human bonding, sexual and maternal behaviour, and aggression. Human disorders characterized by aberrant social interactions, such as autism and schizophrenia, may also involve abnormal oxytocin levels. GSK712043, GSK711320, and GSK664004, three antagonists exhibiting subnanomolar affinity for the human oxytocin receptor (hOTR) and high selectivity over vasopressin receptors were successfully labelled with carbon‐11 with suitable yields (0.5‐1GBq @EOS), high molar activity (275‐700 GBq/μmol), and radiochemical purities. The in vivo regional uptake of these radiotracers was determined in porcine brain. [11C]GSK711320 baseline scan showed no significant brain uptake, and limited initial uptake was observed following administration of [11C]GSK712043 or [11C]GSK664004. The [11C]GSK712043 and [11C]GSK664004 kinetics were slow and peaked at around 2%ID/L at 90 minutes post‐injection. For both tracers, the distribution of activity was homogeneous throughout the brain. All the tracers showed high uptake in the pituitary gland, especially [11C]GSK711320; however, its uptake could not be blocked by pretreatment with the known OTR antagonist, L368,899. In vivo evaluation of these candidates demonstrated that they are not suitable as central OTR PET imaging agents.
Mesoscale convective systems over the Amazon basin. Part I: climatological aspects
Authors: Rehbein Amanda , Ambrizzi Tercio , Mechoso Carlos Roberto 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTMesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over the Amazon basin provide a large contribution to regional precipitation, which strongly influences the maintenance of unique ecosystems. Despite the importance of these MCSs, their characteristics are not well described in the literature. The present study uses a 14‐year long (2000–2013) data set of high‐resolution (4 km; 30 min) infrared satellite images to compile a climatology of MCSs that during the period of analysis were within the borders of the Amazon basin at some point in their lifespan. MCSs that originated over the continent and the ocean are considered separately. It is found that on average about 7200 continental and 50 oceanic MCSs occurred per year in the Amazon basin. The majority (minority) of continental (oceanic) MCSs completed their lifecycles between 3 and 5.5 h. These MCSs are studied separately from those with lifespan longer than 6 h. Continental and oceanic MCSs over the Amazon occurred primarily during austral summer and autumn–winter, respectively. The preferred regions and time for genesis of continental and oceanic MCSs are identified. The average area, propagation speed and direction of displacement for MCSs in the different stages of their lifecycle are also examined.
Offshore wind climate analysis and variability in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Soukissian Takvor , Karathanasi Flora , Axaopoulos Panagiotis , Voukouvalas Evangelos , Kotroni Vassiliki 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe long‐term offshore wind characteristics in the Mediterranean Sea are assessed using the ERA‐Interim dataset for the period 1979–2014. Three main aspects of the wind climate analysis are examined in detail; the spatio‐temporal behaviour (including variability characteristics) of wind speed and direction for the annual and monthly time scale; the joint association of wind speed and direction for the annual and monthly time scale, and; the wind speed trends and wind direction changes. From this analysis, the systematic wind flow patterns are identified and the general features of the wind climatology patterns are revealed. The most typical examples of stable and intense regional winds are the Mistral (throughout the year) in the Gulf of Lion and the Etesians (during summer) in the Aegean Sea. High values of mean annual variability of wind speed occur over the western part of the basin (Balearic, Tyrrhenian and Ligurian sub‐basins) as well as over the Adriatic and N Aegean Seas, and the E Levantine Basin. Moreover, the assessment of the joint association of wind speed and direction indicates that areas with high values of linear–circular correlation are the ones characterized by intense wind climate. As regards, long‐term changes of wind speed and direction, the linear trend for the former and the angular distance for the latter variable are provided. The fastest increasing wind speed trends are observed in the Ionian, the N Tyrrhenian and N Adriatic Seas, the eastern part of the Algerian Basin up to Balearic Isl. and the western part of the S Levantine Basin while the fastest decreasing ones are observed offshore Monaco, the central Aegean and the E Alboran Seas and the N Levantine Basin. The highest values of angular variance and mean angular distances are depicted for the Ligurian, Balearic and Alboran Seas.
Last Glacial Maximum and Last Glacial–Interglacial Transition pollen record from northern NSW, Australia: evidence for a humid late Last Glacial Maximum and dry deglaciation in parts of eastern Australia
Authors: Ellerton D. , Shulmeister J. , Woodward C. , Moss P. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of a palynological investigation into the late Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and last deglaciation (ca. 20 000–9000 cal a BP) from Little Llangothlin Lagoon, in the sub‐tropics of eastern Australia. The Lagoon held permanent water during the late LGM and early deglaciation but was intermittently dry during the late deglaciation. During the late LGM, local vegetation was dominated by a sub‐alpine herbfield but the significant presence of rainforest taxa in the pollen record indicates the survival of rainforest, rainforest margin or wet sclerophyll communities close to the site. By ca. 17 000 cal a BP, open Eucalyptus forest replaced the alpine herbfield vegetation indicating that warming had commenced. Rainforest taxa disappeared at this time but re‐appeared at the end of the deglaciation. The LGM conditions are consistent with a dominant circulation system whereby persistent high pressure over eastern Australia brings onshore easterlies to this region and maintains humid conditions along the east coast and highlands of the Great Dividing Range. This is similar to modern winter circulation but the persistence of rainforest and wet sclerophyll taxa suggests an increase in easterly flow over modern conditions during the LGM. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eu3+‐labeled IgG‐based time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay for highly sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 in feed
Authors: Hu Xiaofei , Yao Jingjing , Wang Fangyu , Yin Mengqi , Sun Yaning , Hu Mei , Shi Qiaoqiao , Zhang Gaiping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a kind of toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin. A time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) was established for quantitative detection of AFB1 in feed using Eu3+‐labeled IgG as tracer.RESULTSMonoclonal antibody (McAb) against AFB1 (9B11‐D7) was prepared through immunization and cell fusion and was identified as high affinity, specificity and sensibility by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The 50% inhibition value (IC50) was 0.81 ng mL−1, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.10 ng mL−1 and detection range was 0.10–3.94 ng mL−1. Goat anti‐mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) was modified by Eu3+‐DATT, generating Eu3+‐labeled IgG. Under optimal assay conditions, TRFIA was shown to be highly sensitive and specific in detection of AFB1. The IC50 and LOD were 94.73 pg mL−1 and 3.55 pg mL−1, respectively, and detection range was 3.55–1.11 × 103 pg mL−1. Cross‐reactivity with AFM1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 was 31.26%, 37.6%, 127.46% and 35.74%, respectively, but zero with other analogues. In determination of AFB1 spiked in feed sample, TRFIA showed high accuracy and precision. The average recoveries ranged from 93.71% to 97.80%, and coefficient of variation was 1.25–3.73%. Good correlation between TRFIA and HPLC was demonstrated for determination of AFB1 in feeds, confirming the reliability of the developed method.CONCLUSIONThe developed TRFIA exhibited good potential for employment in the ultrasensitive detection of AFB1 in feed and could be used to determine total aflatoxins. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Distinguishment, identification and aroma compound quantification of Portuguese olive oils based on physicochemical attributes, HS‐GC/MS analysis and voltammetric electronic tongue
Authors: Tahri Khalid , Duarte Andreia A , Carvalho Gonçalo , Ribeiro Paulo A , da Silva Marco Gomes , Mendes Davide , El Bari Nezha , Raposo Maria , Bouchikhi Benachir 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this paper, various extra‐virgin and virgin olive oils samples from different Portuguese markets were studied. For this purpose, a voltammetric electronic tongue (VE‐tongue), consisting of two kinds of working electrode within the array, together with physicochemical analysis and headspace gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HS‐GC–MS), were applied. In addition, preliminary considerations of relationships between physicochemical parameters and multisensory system were reported.RESULTSThe physicochemical parameters exhibit significant differences among the analyzed olive oil samples that define its qualities. Regarding the aroma profile, 14 volatile compounds were characterized using HS‐GC–MS; among these, hex‐2‐enal, hexanal, acetic acid, hex‐3‐ene‐1‐ol acetate and hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol were semi‐quantitatively detected as the main aroma compounds in the analyzed samples. Moreover, pattern recognition methods demonstrate the discrimination power of the proposed VE‐tongue system. The results reveal the VE‐tongue's ability to classify olive oil samples and to identify unknown samples based of built models. In addition, the correlation between VE‐tongue and physicochemical analysis exhibits a remarkable prediction model aimed at anticipating carotenoid content.CONCLUSIONThe preliminary results of this investigation indicate that physicochemical and HS‐GC–MS analysis, together with multisensory system coupled with chemometric techniques, presented a satisfactory performance regarding olive oil sample discrimination and identification. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Supplementation of Cerelac baby food with yeast–probiotic cocktail strains induces high potential for aflatoxin detoxification both in vitro and in vivo in mother and baby albino rats
Authors: Hamad Gamal M , Taha Tarek H , Hafez Elsayed E , Ali Safwat H , El Sohaimy Sobhy A 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAflatoxins (AFs) are a group of toxic, nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic and carcinogenic fungal metabolites. Heat‐ and acid‐treated yeasts, probiotic bacteria and their combination were used to remove AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 from human and animal food.RESULTSThe in vitro study revealed that the highest removal percentage of AFs in phosphate‐buffered saline was recorded after 72 h with the yeast–probiotic coctile, reaching 95.59%. Therefore, this coctile was added to Cerelac contaminated with AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2, and the removal percentages were 8.17%, 36.12%, 44.75%, 64.72% and 93.21% after 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment, respectively. Cerelac yeast–probiotic coctile was administered to female rats and the results showed that all AFs (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) were detected in the serum of mother rats for both AF groups III and IV. On the other hand, AFM1 and AFM2 metabolites were not observed in mothers' sera but were detected in all infants of groups III and IV. Meanwhile, AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 were not observed in infants' sera.CONCLUSIONA mixture of yeast–probiotic coctile was successful in reducing the level of AF in rat sera and diminished the deleterious effect of AFs on animal health. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Diagnostic and prognostic role of SF1, IGF2, Ki67, p53, adiponectin, and leptin receptors in human adrenal cortical tumors
Authors: Babińska Anna , Pęksa Rafał , Wiśniewski Piotr , Świątkowska‐Stodulska Renata , Sworczak Krzysztof 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThe authors have examined the immunohistochemical expression of several proteins and their relationship with adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) diagnosis and progression.Materials and MethodsA total of 83 patients with benign and malignant adrenal cortex tumors operated on in a single center were included in the study. Expression of the following proteins was examined: steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), insulin growth factor 2 (IGF2), Ki67, p53, as well as adiponectin (Adipo R1, Adipo R2), and leptin (Ob‐R) receptors.ResultsMultivariate analysis revealed that the expression of SF1, IGF2, and Adipo R1 and R2 receptors was associated with ACC diagnosis. An acknowledged proliferation marker Ki67 was related with the size of ACC and was an independent ACC diagnosis marker. The authors also assessed the relationship between immunohistochemical parameters and overall survival (OS) and disease progression. Only high IGF2 expression was associated with longer OS (P = 0.025). The most significant one for the prognosis of ACC patients was tumor resectability of the primary tumor. More favorable prognosis was found for young men (P = 0.033).ConclusionsThe presented data indicate that immunohistochemical assessment (of IGF2, SF1, Adipo R1, and R2 receptors’ expression) may be useful in making the diagnosis of uncertain ACC cases.
Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on surgical outcomes among patients with hormone receptor positive breast cancer
Authors: Hage Andrew N. , Capriccioso Christina , Brennan Julia , Heiden Brendan , Zheutlin Alexander , Sabel Michael S. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundPathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is a surrogate for outcome, but not necessarily conversion to BCT eligibility. We sought to examine the impact of NACT on surgical decision making among HR+ patients.MethodsOur IRB‐approved breast cancer database was queried for patients who underwent NACT, including the clinicopathologic data and surgeon's pre‐ and post‐NACT assessment. Surgical conversion rate (SCR) was defined as patients ineligible for BCT prior to NACT, who were given the choice following NACT.ResultsAmong 289 patients, pCR rates were highest among patients with HER2‐enriched subtype (60%) and lowest in patients with luminal A disease (4%). Overall, the BCT rate was 41%, while 28% opted for bilateral mastectomy across subtypes. Despite a low pCR, the SCR was still high (54%) among patients with the luminal A subtype.ConclusionDespite poor pCR rates, NACT still has potential to improve surgical outcomes among hormone receptor positive patients. The surgical conversion rate is a superior measure of the impact of NACT on surgical decision making than examining BCT rates.
Impact of obstructive sleep apnea in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: An analysis of inpatient data
Authors: Chung Sei Y. , Sylvester Michael J. , Patel Varesh R. , Zaki Michael , Baredes Soly , Liu James K. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: July 2017

Objectives/HypothesisAlthough previous studies have reported increased perioperative complications among obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients undergoing any surgery requiring general anesthesia, there is a paucity of literature addressing the impact of OSA on postoperative transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) complications. The aim of this study was to analyze postoperative outcomes in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery patients with OSA. Secondarily, we examined patient characteristics and comorbidities.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.MethodsThe 2002 to 2013 National Inpatient Sample was queried for patients undergoing TSS for pituitary neoplasm. Patients with an additional diagnosis of OSA were identified, and compared to a non‐OSA cohort.ResultsThere were 17,777 patients identified; 5.0% (N = 889) had an additional diagnosis of OSA. The OSA cohort had more comorbidities including diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, coagulopathy, hypertension, hypothyroidism, liver disease, obesity, peripheral vascular disease, renal failure, acromegaly, and Cushing's syndrome. Postoperatively, OSA was independently associated with increased risks of tracheostomy (P = .015) and hypoxemia (P < .001), and decreased risk of cardiac complications (P = .034). OSA patients did not have increased rates of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, diabetes insipidus, reintubation, aspiration pneumonia, infectious pneumonia, thromboembolic complications, or urinary/renal complications. In‐hospital mortality rates did not vary between the two cohorts.ConclusionsIn patients who underwent transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, OSA was associated with higher rates of certain pulmonary and airway complications. OSA was not associated with increased non–pulmonary/airway complications or inpatient mortality, despite older average age and higher comorbidity rates.Level of Evidence2C. Laryngoscope, 128:1027–1032, 2018
Tuning the pH‐Switch of Supramolecular Polymer Carriers for siRNA to Physiologically Relevant pH
Authors: Ahlers Patrick , Frisch Hendrik , Holm Regina , Spitzer Daniel , Barz Matthias , Besenius Pol 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe preparation of histidine enriched dendritic peptide amphiphiles and their self‐assembly into multicomponent pH‐switchable supramolecular polymers is reported. Alternating histidine and phenylalanine peptide synthons allow the assembly/disassembly to be adjusted in a physiologically relevant range of pH 5.3–6.0. Coassembly of monomers equipped with dendritic tetraethylene glycol chains with monomers bearing peripheral primary amine groups leads to nanorods with a tunable cationic surface charge density. These surface functional supramolecular polycations are able to reversibly bind short interfering RNA (siRNA). The nanorod‐like supramolecular polymers, their complexation with siRNA, and the pH‐triggered assembly/disassembly of the supramolecular carriers are characterized via circular dichroism spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis, as well as transmission electron microscopy. Multicomponent supramolecular polymers represent a modular and promising strategy for applications as responsive carrier vehicles, codelivery strategies, and gene therapy.
Extension of the Method of Moments in Nonlinear Free Radical Polymerization
Authors: Bachmann Rolf 
Published: July 2017

The method of moments is a simple, efficient method simulating polymerization processes. Its use is said to be limited in nonlinear free radical polymerizations with branching or crosslinking due to the assumptions needed. Here, moment equations are derived without assuming steady state, one radical per molecule, or a statistical distribution of connections. Equations are valid up to the gel point. The bulk solution is formally identical to the pseudo kinetic approach by Tobita and Hamielec if moments of dead polymer are replaced by the sum of dead and life polymers. The method relies on analytical solutions of the moments of the molecular weight distributions (MWD) of instantaneous primary chains. In emulsion polymerization compartmentalization of radicals complicates the calculation. An alternative approximation of these MWDs is presented. The present extension allows nonlinear free radical polymerization to be readily included in the computer based design and optimization of polymerization processes and to check more detailed calculations of the MWD.
image
Toward an Understanding of Structural Insights of Xanthine and Aldehyde Oxidases: An Overview of their Inhibitors and Role in Various Diseases
Authors: Kumar Raj , Joshi Gaurav , Kler Harveen , Kalra Sourav , Kaur Manpreet , Arya Ramandeep 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlmost all drug molecules become the substrates for oxidoreductase enzymes, get metabolized into more hydrophilic products and eliminated from the body. These metabolites sometime may be more potent, active, inactive, or toxic in nature compared to parent molecule. Xanthine oxidoreductase and aldehyde oxidase belong to molybdenum containing family and are well characterized for their structures and functions, in particular to their ability to oxidize/hydroxylate the xenobiotics. Their upregulated clinical levels causing oxidative stress are associated with pathways either directly involved in the progression of diseases, gout, or indirectly with the succession of other diseases such as diabetes, cancer, etc. Herein, we have put forth a comprehensive review on the xanthine and aldehyde oxidases pertaining to their structures, functions, pathophysiological role, and a comparative analysis of structural insights of xanthine and aldehyde oxidases’ binding domains with endogenous ligands or inhibitors. Though both the enzymes are molybdenum containing and are likely to share some common pathways and interact with inhibitors in a similar manner but we have focused on structural prerequisites for inhibitor specificity to both the enzymes keeping in view of the existing X‐ray structures. This review also provides futuristic implications in the design of inhibitors derived from inorganic complexes or small organic molecules considering the spatial features and structural insights of both the enzymes.
Self‐reported toileting behaviors in employed women: Are they associated with lower urinary tract symptoms?
Authors: Palmer Mary H. , Willis‐Gray Marcella G. , Zhou Fang , Newman Diane K. , Wu Jennifer M. 
Published: July 2017

AimsTo describe toileting behaviors working women habitually use and investigate behaviors associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), especially urinary urgency with or without leakage.MethodsNon‐pregnant female employees of a large academic medical center 18 years and over were eligible to complete an online survey about bladder health and toileting behaviors.ResultsOne hundred eighty‐two women participated in the survey. The majority were white (83.52%), married (52.49%), had ≥1 pregnancy (54.40%), and in excellent health (93.41%). The average age and body mass index were 47.28 ± 13.56 years and 27.92 ± 6.78, respectively. The sample was further sub‐divided into two groups: urinary urgency (N = 119) or no urinary urgency symptoms (N = 51). Habitual toileting behaviors for these groups (N = 170) included: sitting to urinate at home (98.24%), emptying the bladder completely (88.82%), emptying the bladder before leaving home (80.00%), and sitting to urinate when away from home (68.82%). Logistic regression analysis showed age increased the odds of urinary urgency (aOR 1.06, 95%CI 1.02‐1.09). Women who waited too long to urinate at work (aOR 7.85, 95%CI 1.57‐39.24) and wore panty liners for urinary leakage (aOR 2.86, 95%CI 1.25‐6.56) had greater odds of urinary urgency than women who did neither.ConclusionsMost habitual toileting behaviors were not associated with urinary urgency except waiting too long to urinate when at work. Logistic regression revealed significant relationships among health‐related factors, personal characteristics, behaviors, and urinary urgency. LUTS in women is both a women's health and occupational health issue.