bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gobernar es igualar. Isonomía, oportunidades y justicia social en la Argentina
Authors: Ferreyra Raúl Gustavo 
Published: September 2017

Resumen:El Estado constitucional es la máxima instancia conocida para la ordenación política de una comunidad de individuos libres. Las dimensiones de la igualdad, con diverso significado y grado de reconocimiento, pretenden cobijar una determinada fundamentación del Estado, al equiparar por convención aspectos de las relaciones entre los hombres. La igualdad ante el Derecho significa una de sus fortificaciones. Un nuevo logro reside en la igualdad de oportunidades. Ambas son insuficientes porque no detienen la marcha regresiva del bienestar. La desigualdad creciente en la Argentina, donde casi el 60% de su población es pobre o vulnerable, exhibe la existencia de dos mundos: una ciudadanía política y una ciudadanía social. Los desposeídos, pobres y vulnerables, no disfrutan y no pueden disfrutar, con el actual estado de cosas constitucional, de una ciudadanía de plena justicia social. Nunca será posible destruir por completo la desigualdad social, sino sólo disminuirla. Un progreso con justicia social se presenta como misión fundamental del Estado. La reducción del dualismo en los grados de la ciudadanía es propiciada con múltiples energías. Una puede provenir de un consenso básico, regido por la Constitución federal en su proceso de variación. Mientras no se produzca un reparto más igual de los bienes, la lengua de las escrituras laicas será mejor comprendida por aquellos que conozcan los beneficios de una ciudadanía completa y conozcan todas sus luces.Abstract:The constitutional State is the highest instance known for the political organization of the community of free individuals. The dimensions of equality, with different signification and degree of recognition aim to cover a certain grounding on the State, when they equate by convention aspects of the relationships between human beings. The equality before the law means one of its strengthenings. One new achievement: equality of opportunity. Both are insufficient because they do not prevent the regressive march of well-being. The growing inequality in Argentina, were almost 60% of its population is poor or vulnerable, shows the existence of two worlds: a political citizenship and a social citizenship. The deprived, poor and vulnerable people do not enjoy -nor could they- the current state of constitutional affairs, a citizenship filled with social justice. It will never be possible to completely destroy social inequality; it can be continuously reduced.A progress with social justice constitutes a fundamental aim of the State. Decreasing the dualism in the degrees of citizenship is fostered with enthusiasm. It can come from a basic consensus, in a new auditorium ruled by the federal Constitution in its variation process. As long as a more equal distribution of natural or manufactured goods does not take place, the language of secular scripts would be better understood by those who know the benefits of complete citizenship and know all of its enlightenment.
Predicting Thrust Loss of Ship Propellers Due to Ventilation and Out-of-Water Effect
Authors: Kozlowska Anna M. , Savio Luca , Steen Sverre 
Published: September 2017

This article presents a propeller ventilation model that is tuned on experiments performed in open water condition in a towing tank. The main purpose of performing the experiments was to obtain more data at higher advance numbers for validation purposes and to make a calculation model for thrust and torque loss due to free-surface proximity. Tests were performed at different draughts. For each draught, the propeller was tested at different propeller speeds n = 9, 12, 16, and, 16 Hz at advance number in the range from J = 0 to J = 1.0. The different advance numbers were obtained at different propeller speeds so that for the same advance number, different propeller thrust values were tested, so that the effect of propeller loading can be seen independently from the speed of advance J. The main focus of this article is to explain and validate a prediction model for thrust loss due to ventilation and out-of-water effect.

1. Introduction
Ventilation is a phenomenon of air-drawing seen on structures operating below the free surface, such as hydrofoils, rudders, and propellers. Propeller ventilation is related to the propeller coming close to the free surface and "sucking" air into the propeller, or when the blades are piercing the free surface. In these cases, propeller ventilation leads to a sudden and large loss of propeller thrust and torque, which might lead to propeller racing and possibly damaging dynamic loads, as well as noise and vibration. Ventilation typically occurs when the propeller loading is high and the propeller submergence is limited, and when the relative motions at the propeller are large because of heavy seas. Propeller ventilation inception depends on different parameters, i.e., propeller loading, forward speed, and the distance from the propeller to the free surface, see e.g., Smogeli (2006); Koushan (2006a-c); Kozlowska et al. (2009); Califano (2011); Jermy and Ho (2008); Hough and Ordway (1965); and Kozlowska and Steen (2010).
Le Premier établissement de la foy, une oeuvre collective supervisée ? Étude de la réécriture d’un passage de l’Histoire du Canada
Authors: Broué Catherine 
Published: September 2017

L’analyse de la réécriture d’un passage de l’Histoire du Canada (1634) dans Premier établissement de la foy (1691) permet d’éclairer la genèse de ce dernier ouvrage où le souci de la précision paraît inféodé à ses enjeux rhétoriques, polémiques et idéologiques. Par cette réécriture qui change radicalement non pas la lettre, mais l’esprit de l’Histoire du Canada, Premier établissement de la foy s’affirme comme un ouvrage collectif auquel plusieurs récollets auraient contribué et dont le manuscrit Histoire chronologique de la Nouvelle France est tout autant, sur le plan génétique, une source tierce − comme le sont le manuscrit Memorial et l’ouvrage Histoire chronologique de la province des Récollets de Paris de Hyacinthe Lefebvre − qu’un état antérieur. Ces constats raffinent notre compréhension de ce texte en élargissant, nous semble-t-il, l’enjeu du Premier établissement de la foy qui paraît dépasser le seul débat Jésuites-Récollets dominant le chapitre XVbis.
Gabriel Sagard dans les histoires du Canada après la Conquête : une réception ambivalente
Authors: Girard Stéphanie 
Published: September 2017

Cet article examine la réception de l’oeuvre de Gabriel Sagard et l’importance accordée aux premières missions récollettes dans les histoires du Canada publiées après la Conquête. Au XIXe siècle, les historiens anticléricaux, tant anglophones que francophones, peu intéressés par les tentatives d’évangélisation des nations autochtones, ignorent l’oeuvre du récollet. Au contraire, les intellectuels clérico-conservateurs placent les missions au centre d’une reconstitution de l’épopée mystique des commencements de la Nouvelle-France. Ils puisent largement dans l’Histoire du Canada(1636), tout comme les historiens défenseurs du terroir qui magnifient la figure de Louis Hébert. Ce n’est qu’au milieu du XXe siècle, cependant, que la valeur ethnographique de la description des Hurons proposée par Sagard dans sonGrand Voyage(1632) sera reconnue.
Esthétique de la pourriture
Authors: Krück Marie-Pierre 
Published: September 2017

La pourriture, de l’Antiquité jusqu’au XIXe siècle, est d’abord un problème moral et religieux parce qu’elle met en question la transcendance de l’homme. Sous l’Ancien Régime, l’intervention de la médecine et la production d’un discours qui neutralise le processus, en le fondant scientifiquement, permettront à la pourriture de sortir du cadre religieux. Mais cette entreprise de neutralisation par la science est ardue parce que la putréfaction a un statut sémiotique particulier. Au XIXe siècle, par le biais de l’esthétique, la pourriture retrouve la transcendance perdue. Le XXe siècle marque un nouveau tournant alors que la putréfaction s’ouvre désormais à des visées politiques.
Ouidah – Bahia : de la postmémoire au théâtre mémoriel
Authors: Chemla Yves 
Published: September 2017

Dans les trois romans étudiés (Le Vice-roi de Ouidah de Bruce Chatwin, Esclaves de Kangni Alem et Les Fantômes du Brésil de Florent Couao-Zotti), le traitement du conflit de mémoire vise à dénouer des fils particulièrement embrouillés dans un récit qui fait la part belle à l’émotion ainsi qu’au ressentiment, au détriment du souci de la vérité. Les deux premiers romans proposent un récit de la transmission depuis le point de vue de certains de ses acteurs : un négrier célèbre, De Souza, dit Chacha, et un esclave, autrefois proche du roi d’Abomey, qui parvient à rentrer de Bahia. Ils remettent en cause les mythifications diverses dont ces histoires ont été l’objet. Le troisième se situe à l’époque contemporaine et montre ce qu’il advient des êtres dès lors que ces mythifications anciennes perdurent et qu’elles fonctionnent comme des leurres qui empêchent les sociétés de se confronter à la réalité.
Saudades : le Brésil de Sony Labou Tansi
Authors: Martin-Granel Nicolas 
Published: September 2017

Dans sa trajectoire géopoétique, Sony Labou Tansi a donné au Brésil une place cruciale, à la croisée de sa posture (sa « gueule ») de riposte au « dialogue Nord-Sourd », des réalités de son « ventre » tropical, et de ses rêves d’espace hétérotopique. Ce tropisme brésilien emprunte le « mot de passe » emblématique de saudades à la correspondance que Sony échange avec Sonia (d’Almeida) à la suite de leur rencontre à Lomé en avril1982. La même année, à Paris, Sony fait une seconde rencontre décisive, avec le poète Thiago de Mello dont il fera son « père » amazonien, après avoir découvert en Sonia une « soeur » brésilienne. En remontant le cours des saudades, le Brésil, si proche par sa littérature, sa forêt et son fleuve luxuriants, lui apparaît comme le vrai pays « de rechange », qui vient (re)prendre la place du Royaume Kongo. Renouant avec ces premières visions, les lettres à Sonia, les poèmes à Thiago et le dernier roman posthume cherchent à reconnecter « les géographies de la peur », à défaut de combler le trou de l’Histoire.
How to Shape Climate Risk Policies After the Paris Agreement? The Importance of Perceptions as a Driver for Climate Risk Management
Authors: Máñez Costa María , Shreve Cheney , Carmona María 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTRisk perception research has played an influential role in supporting risk management and risk communication policy. Risk perception studies are popular across a range of disciplines in the social and natural sciences for a wide range of hazard types. Their results have helped to articulate the complex individual, relational, structural, and environmental factors influencing people's behavior. Connections between individual and collective behaviors and norms impacting global climate change, and consequently, local disaster risk, however, are infrequently included in disaster risk management. This paper presents results from two diverse and complementary European risk perception studies examining both natural and anthropogenic hazards. Research gaps and recommendations for developing more comprehensive risk management strategies are presented.
Lightning NOx Emissions: Reconciling Measured and Modeled Estimates With Updated NOx Chemistry
Authors: Nault B. A. , Laughner J. L. , Wooldridge P. J. , Crounse J. D. , Dibb J. , Diskin G. , Peischl J. , Podolske J. R. , Pollack I. B. , Ryerson T. B. , Scheuer E. , Wennberg P. O. , Cohen R. C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLightning is one of the most important sources of upper tropospheric NOx; however, there is a large spread in estimates of the global emission rates (2–8 Tg N yr−1). We combine upper tropospheric in situ observations from the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) experiment and global satellite‐retrieved NO2 tropospheric column densities to constrain mean lightning NOx (LNOx) emissions per flash. Insights from DC3 indicate that the NOx lifetime is ~3 h in the region of outflow of thunderstorms, mainly due to production of methyl peroxy nitrate and alkyl and multifunctional nitrates. The lifetime then increases farther downwind from the region of outflow. Reinterpreting previous analyses using the 3 h lifetime reduces the spread among various methods that have been used to calculate mean LNOx emissions per flash and indicates a global LNOx emission rate of ~9 Tg N yr−1, a flux larger than the high end of recent estimates.
How Sharp Is the Cratonic Lithosphere‐Asthenosphere Transition?
Authors: Mancinelli Nicholas J. , Fischer Karen M. , Dalton Colleen A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEarth's cratonic mantle lithosphere is distinguished by high seismic wave velocities that extend to depths greater than 200 km, but recent studies disagree on the magnitude and depth extent of the velocity gradient at their lower boundary. Here we analyze and model the frequency dependence of Sp waves to constrain the lithosphere‐asthenosphere velocity gradient at long‐lived stations on cratons in North America, Africa, Australia, and Eurasia. Beneath 33 of 44 stations, negative velocity gradients at depths greater than 150 km are less than a 2–3% velocity drop distributed over more than 80 km. In these regions the base of the typical cratonic lithosphere is gradual enough to be explained by a thermal transition. Vertically sharper lithosphere‐asthenosphere transitions are permitted beneath 11 stations, but these zones are spatially intermittent. These results demonstrate that lithosphere‐asthenosphere viscosity contrasts and coupling fundamentally differ between cratons and younger continents.
Responses of Quasi 2 Day Waves in the MLT Region to the 2013 SSW Revealed by a Meteor Radar Chain
Authors: Ma Zheng , Gong Yun , Zhang Shaodong , Zhou Qihou , Huang Chunming , Huang Kaiming , Yu You , Li Guozhu , Ning Baiqi , Li Chun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe present an analysis of the responses of quasi 2 day waves (QTDWs) to the 2013 sudden stratosphere warming (SSW) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region. The study is based on data collected by a meteor radar chain along the 120°E meridian in the Northern Hemisphere which consists of four stations at Mohe (52.5°N, 122.3°E), Beijing (40.3°N, 116.2°E), Wuhan (30.5°N, 114.6°E), and Sanya (18.3°N, 109.6°E). It is the first time that an enhancement of the QTDW in the neutral wind during the 2013 SSW is observed in the midlatitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. During the SSW, the amplification of the QTDW in the low latitudes is the most prominent and the direction of the mean zonal wind shows clear reversion from eastward to westward. The consistent variations of the QTDWs and the mean neutral wind at the four stations are very likely associated with the SSW.
Generic Algorithms for Estimating Foliar Pigment Content
Authors: Gitelson Anatoly , Solovchenko Alexei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFoliar pigment contents and composition are main factors governing absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, photosynthetic activity, and physiological status of vegetation. In this study the performance of nondestructive techniques based on leaf reflectance were tested for estimating chlorophyll (Chl) and anthocyanin (AnC) contents in species with widely variable leaf structure, pigment content, and composition. Only three spectral bands (green, red edge, and near‐infrared) are required for nondestructive Chl and AnC estimation with normalized root‐mean‐square error (NRMSE) below 4.5% and 6.1%, respectively. The algorithms developed are generic, not requiring reparameterization for each species allowing for accurate nondestructive Chl and AnC estimation using simple handheld field/lab instrumentation. They also have potential in interpretation of airborne and satellite data.
Work Optimization Predicts Accretionary Faulting: An Integration of Physical and Numerical Experiments
Authors: McBeck Jessica A. , Cooke Michele L. , Herbert Justin W. , Maillot Bertrand , Souloumiac Pauline 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe employ work optimization to predict the geometry of frontal thrusts at two stages of an evolving physical accretion experiment. Faults that produce the largest gains in efficiency, or change in external work per new fault area, ΔWext/ΔA, are considered most likely to develop. The predicted thrust geometry matches within 1 mm of the observed position and within a few degrees of the observed fault dip, for both the first forethrust and backthrust when the observed forethrust is active. The positions of the second backthrust and forethrust that produce >90% of the maximum ΔWext/ΔA also overlap the observed thrusts. The work optimal fault dips are within a few degrees of the fault dips that maximize the average Coulomb stress. Slip gradients along the detachment produce local elevated shear stresses and high strain energy density regions that promote thrust initiation near the detachment. The mechanical efficiency (Wext) of the system decreases at each of the two simulated stages of faulting and resembles the evolution of experimental force. The higher ΔWext/ΔA due to the development of the first pair relative to the second pair indicates that the development of new thrusts may lead to diminishing efficiency gains as the wedge evolves. The numerical estimates of work consumed by fault propagation overlap the range calculated from experimental force data and crustal faults. The integration of numerical and physical experiments provides a powerful approach that demonstrates the utility of work optimization to predict the development of faults.
Stress Orientations in a Locked Subduction Zone at the Southern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand
Authors: Evanzia Dominic , Wilson Thomas , Savage Martha K. , Lamb Simon , Hirschberg Hamish 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe analyze the orientation of the stress field in the southern Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand, using focal mechanism inversions, S wave splitting fast directions, and gravitational stresses. Here the oceanic Pacific plate is being obliquely subducted beneath the continental Australian plate in the New Zealand plate boundary zone. The study makes use of 399 earthquakes for focal mechanism inversion and 425 earthquakes for shear wave splitting analysis, located with a network of seismic stations spanning southern North Island. We distinguish between stresses in the Pacific plate (from focal mechanism inversion) and Australian plate (from S wave fast directions) and gravitational stresses, in three regions: Western, Central Basin, and Eastern. In the Western region, the principal axis of horizontal compression (SHmax) is oriented NE‐SW, parallel to the margin, in the upper Australian and lower Pacific plate. In the Central Basin, SHmax in the Australian plate is oriented NW‐SE, perpendicular to the margin; in the lower subducting Pacific plate SHmax is oriented NE‐SW. In the Eastern region, SHmax is oriented NE‐SW in the upper plate, while in the lower plate there is a change in orientation to NNW‐SSE. We interpret the stress orientations of the lower plate in the Western and Central Basin regions as a consequence of bending of the subducting plate. Sources of upper Australian plate stresses are likely to be bending stresses, gravitational stresses, and tectonic loading, with differing relative magnitudes across the study area.
Crustal‐Scale Seismic Structure From Trench to Forearc in the Cascadia Subduction Zone
Authors: Rathnayaka Sampath , Gao Haiying 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe (de)hydration process and the amount of hydrated sediment carried by the downgoing oceanic plate play a key role in the subduction dynamics. A high‐resolution shear velocity model from the crust down to the uppermost mantle, extending from trench to forearc, is constructed in the northern Cascadia subduction zone to investigate seismic characteristics related to slab deformation and (de)hydration at the plate boundary. A total of 220 seismic stations are used, including the Cascadia Initiative Amphibious Array and inland broadband and short‐period stations. The empirical Green's functions extracted from continuous ambient noise data from 2006 to 2014 provide high‐quality Rayleigh wave signals at periods of 4–50 s. We simulate wave propagation using finite difference method to generate station Strain Green's Tensors and synthetic waveforms. The phase delays of Rayleigh waves between the observed and synthetic data are measured at multiple period ranges. We then invert for the velocity perturbations from the reference model and progressively improve the model resolution. Our tomographic imaging shows many regional‐ and local‐scale low‐velocity features, which are possibly related to slab (de)hydration from the oceanic plate to the overriding plate. Specifically, we observe (1) NW‐SE oriented linear low‐velocity features across the trench, indicating hydration of the oceanic plate induced by bending‐related faultings; (2) W‐E oriented fingerlike low‐velocity structures off the continental margins due to dehydration of the Juan de Fuca plate; and (3) seismic lows atop the plate interface beneath the Washington forearc, indicating fluid‐rich sediments subducted and overthrusted at the accretionary wedge.
Catalytic Effects in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Promoted Sulfur Transformation and Reduced Shuttle Effect
Authors: Liu Donghai , Zhang Chen , Zhou Guangmin , Lv Wei , Ling Guowei , Zhi Linjie , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery has emerged as one of the most promising next‐generation energy‐storage systems. However, the shuttle effect greatly reduces the battery cycle life and sulfur utilization, which is great deterrent to its practical use. This paper reviews the tremendous efforts that are made to find a remedy for this problem, mostly through physical or chemical confinement of the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Intrinsically, this “confinement” has a relatively limited effect on improving the battery performance because in most cases, the LiPSs are “passively” blocked and cannot be reused. Thus, this strategy becomes less effective with a high sulfur loading and ultralong cycling. A more “positive” method that not only traps but also increases the subsequent conversion of LiPSs back to lithium sulfides is urgently needed to fundamentally solve the shuttle effect. Here, recent advances on catalytic effects in increasing the rate of conversion of soluble long‐chain LiPSs to insoluble short‐chain Li2S2/Li2S, and vice versa, are reviewed, and the roles of noble metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal nitrides, and some metal‐free materials in this process are highlighted. Challenges and potential solutions for the design of catalytic cathodes and interlayers in Li–S battery are discussed in detail.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Mg(OH)2 and CeCO3OH Composite with Improved Activity Towards Henry Reaction
Authors: Tomar Ravi , Singh Nidhi , Rathee Garima , Kumar Neeraj , Tomar Vartika , Chandra Ramesh 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA new approach was developed for carbon–carbon bond formation via Henry reaction using a mixture of Mg(OH)2 and CeCO3OH (MgCe‐HDC). The MgCe‐HDC was synthesized using a co‐precipitation method and was characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA‐DTA, and AFM. The effects of temperature, solvent, and the amount of catalyst were investigated to find the optimum reaction conditions. The highest yield of nitroaldol product, 92 %, was achieved over the reusable solid base catalyst in solvent‐free conditions at 20 °C.