bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorption and desorption characteristics of methyl bromide during and after fumigation of pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) logs
Authors: Hall Matthew , Najar‐Rodriguez Adriana , Adlam Anthony , Hall Alistair , Brash Don 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe sorption and desorption characteristics of methyl bromide (MB) were determined during and after fumigation of recently harvested pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) logs. The effects of dose (48 or 120 g m−3), degree of bark cover (0, 50 or 100%) and end‐grain sealing (sealed or unsealed) on sorption and desorption were determined over time.RESULTSSorption of MB was proportional to the dose applied and dependent on the amount of end‐grain sealed. After 16 h, an average of 70.7 ± 2.5% of the initial concentration remained in the treated space when end‐grains were sealed, whereas only 47.3 ± 2.5% remained when unsealed. During aeration, MB was released from logs, initially ranging from 2.8 to 8.8 g · h m−3, depending on the treatment. The rate of desorption quickly decreased during aeration.CONCLUSIONThe surface area of a log is the most important factor influencing MB sorption and desorption rates, with greater surface area resulting in greater (de)sorption rates. Sorption data can now be combined with insect toxicity data to estimate a minimum effective dose of MB for further evaluation, while desorption data can be combined with fumigant plume modelling to assess worker safety. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Ab initio perspective on structural and electronic properties of iron‐based superconductors
Authors: Guterding Daniel , Backes Steffen , Tomić Milan , Jeschke Harald O. , Valentí Roser 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe discovery of iron pnictides and iron chalcogenides as a new class of unconventional superconductors in 2008 has generated an enormous amount of experimental and theoretical work that identifies these materials as correlated metals with multi‐orbital physics, where magnetism, nematicity, and superconductivity are competing phases that appear as a function of pressure and doping. A microscopic understanding of the appearance of these phases is crucial in order to determine the nature of superconductivity in these systems. Here, we review our recent theoretical efforts to describe and understand from first principles the properties of iron pnictides and chalcogenides with special focus on (i) pressure dependence, (ii) effects of electronic correlation, and (iii) origin of magnetism and superconductivity.
High‐throughput method for simultaneous quantification of N, C and S stable isotopes and contents in organics and soils
Authors: Mambelli Stefania , Brooks Paul D. , Sutka Robin , Hughes Scott , Finstad Kari M. , Nelson Joey Pakes , Dawson Todd E. 
Published: July 2016

RationaleInformation about the sulfur stable isotope composition (δ34S value) of organic materials and sediments, in addition to their nitrogen (δ15N value) and carbon (δ13C value) stable isotope compositions, can provide insights into mechanisms and processes in different areas of biological and geological research. The quantification of δ34S values has traditionally required an additional and often more difficult analytical procedure than NC dual analysis. Here, we report on the development of a high‐throughput method that simultaneously measures the elemental and isotopic compositions of N, C and S in a single sample, and over a wide range of sample sizes and C/N and C/S ratios.MethodsWe tested a commercially available CHNOS elemental analyzer in line with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer for the simultaneous quantification of N, C and S stable isotope ratios and contents, and modified the elemental analyzer in order to overcome the interference of 18O in δ34S values, to minimize any water condensation that could also influence S memory, and to achieve the complete reduction of nitrogen oxides to N2 gas for accurate measurement of δ15N values. A selection of organic materials and soils was analyzed with a ratio of 1:1.4 standards to unknowns per run.ResultsThe modifications allowed high quality measurements for N, C and S isotope ratios simultaneously (1 SD of ±0.13‰ for δ15N value, ±0.12‰ for δ13C value, and ±0.4‰ for δ34S value), with high throughput (>75 unknowns per run) and over a wide range of element amount per capsule (25 to 500 μg N, 200–4000 μg C, and 8–120 μg S).ConclusionsThis method is suitable for widespread use and can significantly enhance the application of δ34S measurements in a broad range of soils and organic samples in ecological and biogeochemical research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RuCl3Promoted Efficient Synthesis ofZ‐Selective Macrocyclic Thiotetralactones via Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Muthusamy Sengodagounder , Kumar Muniyappankovilthottam Devaraj Senthil 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRing‐closing metathesis reactions of sulfur atom containing acyclic diolefins in the presence of Grubbs’ catalyst and ruthenium chloride as an additive were demonstrated to afford a range of symmetrical unsaturated macrocyclic thiotetralactones withZ‐selectivity having different ring sizes, spacers and sulfur atoms. The representative structure of macrocyclic thiotetralactones was characterized using single crystal X‐ray analysis. Subsequent reduction of unsaturated thiolactones furnished the corresponding saturated macrocyclic thiotetralactones.
Convenient Synthesis of the Protein Thermal‐Stabilizer Mannosylglycerate
Authors: Cheikh Khaled El , Bouffard Elise , Hamon Nadège , Morère Alain 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMannosylglycerate (MG) and its derivatives have received much attention during the past decade, especially because they play an important role as thermal‐stabilizers of several enzymes. Here we report a new and original synthetic method of (2R)‐2‐(α‐D‐mannopyranosyl)glycerate, which was prepared according to a five‐step procedure starting from commercially available 3,4‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐mannitol as the glycerate source.
Selective Sensing of Nitrophenols by a Inorganic Coordination Polymer: [Cd2(C4H4O5)2(C5H5N5)].H2O. DMA
Authors: Sushrutha Sringeri Ramesh , Natarajan Srinivasan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA solvothermal reaction between cadmium nitrate, adenine and oxydiacetic acid gave rise to a new compound, [Cd2(C4H4O5)2(C5H5N5)].H2O. DMA (DMA:dimethyl amine). Single crystal structural studies indicated a two‐dimensional layer structure formed entirely by the connectivity between cadmium and oxydiacetic acid. The adenine ligand binds with the Cd metal center through the pyrimidine nitrogen and hangs in the inter layer spaces. The layers are arranged in a ABAB…. fashion. The inter layer spaces contain water and dimethyl amine molecules. The dimethyl amine molecule resulted from the hydrolysis of dimethyl acetamide employed as one of the solvent in the synthesis. The removal of water molecule can be achieved by heating the sample at 100 °C, which is also confirmed by single crystal XRD, PXRD and IR studies. The availability of free amino groups of adenine molecule was employed for the detection of nitroaromatics, especially nitrophenols with good sensitivity. The amino group was also found to be useful for Knoevenagel condensation reactions.
N‐Spirofused Bicyclic Derivatives of 1‐Deoxynojirimycin: Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation
Authors: D'Orazio Giuseppe , Martorana Alessandra M. , Filippi Giulia , Polissi Alessandra , Gioia Luca De , Ferla Barbara La 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe synthesized a small library of N‐spirofused bicyclic derivatives of 1‐deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), as quaternary ammonium salts, through a double SN2 annulation process. The spirofused rings are of different size and structural characteristics. Preliminary biological evaluation showed no antibacterial activity towards both Gram+ and Gram‐ bacteria. The DNJ derivative bearing a 6 member spirofused cycle revealed a promising inhibitor activity towards amyloglucosidase. Binding energies calculated through docking studies resembled the in vitro capability of such compound and of DNJ to inhibit amyloglucosidase activity, while showing significant difference in the binding poses.
Validating the deuterium dilution method to measure body composition of common eider
Authors: Beuth Joshua M. , Paton Peter W. C. , Osenkowski Jason E. , McWilliams Scott R. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTWe conducted the first validation of the deuterium dilution method as a nonlethal technique for estimating body composition of a sea duck. We captured male (n = 11) and female (n = 8) American common eiders (Somateria mollissima dresseri) during winters of 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 in southern New England, USA, and compared their directly measured body composition with that estimated using deuterium‐dilution. The best‐supported linear regression models predicted wet lean and fat mass with, on average, 2.0% and 20.2% relative errors, respectively. The deuterium dilution method provides field biologists and managers with a nonlethal method for accurately estimating body composition of common eider during winter. The method is broadly applicable to other migratory birds and can be used to evaluate the effects of ecological and anthropogenic drivers on body composition dynamics. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Mechanism of the Inhibitory Effect of Hydroxytyrosol on Lipid Oxidation in Different Bulk Oil Systems
Authors: Mahdavianmehr Hadi , Farhoosh Reza , Sharif Ali 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe autoxidation of purified triacylglycerols obtained from fish, canola, and olive oils in the presence of different concentrations of hydroxytyrosol at 60–100 °C was evaluated by different kinetic parameters including the stabilizing factor (F) as a measure of effectiveness, the oxidation rate ratio (ORR) as a measure strength, and the antioxidant activity (A) which combines the F and ORR parameters. The overall performance of hydroxytyrosol was attributed to the main reaction of chain termination () as competed with the main oxidation reaction of chain propagation () and, additionally, the antioxidative side reactions of chain propagation ( and ), and the pro‐oxidative side reaction of chain initiation () in some cases.
Some Calloporid (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) Species from the Cenozoic Sediments of Western Kachchh, Gujarat
Authors: Sonar M. A. , Pawar R. V. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
Seven species of Calloporid (family Calloporidae Norman, 1903) Bryozoa are described from the Cenozoic sediments of the western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Among these Planicellaria walsariensis, Dionella sp., Pyriporella charopadiensis, P. vadsariensis and Wilbertopora sp. are new and the other species viz; Crassimarginatella blandfordi and Reptoporina chhasraensis are reported for the second time from these sediments. The phylogenetic analysis suggests all the species of Calloporid bryozoans are monophyletic i.e. all of these species have common ancestor.
A Neotectonic based Geomorphic Analysis using Remote Sensing Data to Delineate Potential Areas of Hydrocarbon Exploration: Cachar Area, Assam
Authors: Mazumder Subhobroto , Adhikari Kalyan , Mitra Durga Shanker , Mahapatra Samiran , Pangtey Krishan Kumar Singh 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
The Assam Arakan fold thrust belt has highly deformed folded units of Tertiary sediments bounded by eastward dipping thrust slices with a convexity towards west. In the Tripura-Cachar region, this folded belt is characterized by the occurrence of wide synclines and narrow anticlines that hosts a number of hydrocarbon producing fields. In the Cachar area of Assam, most of these fields occur in the culmination of anticlinal structures. Other wells drilled in analogous structural settings are found to be dry. In this paper a neotectonic based geomorphic analysis is carried out to delineate a fault network and geomorphic highs in Cachar area as expressions of sub-surface structures which had subsequently been validated by available geophysical data. Of these geomorphic highs, those that are in the synclinal areas are believed to represent subtle sub-surface structural highs. Synclinal structures associated with NNE-SSW faults might be considered interesting for hydrocarbon exploration and are subsequently categorized following their degree of confidence for exploration of hydrocarbon. Additionally, a genetic model of the structures in the region is also proposed.
Geothermal Gradients and Heat Flow Variations in Parts of the Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Odumodu Chukwuemeka Frank R. , Mode Ayonma Wilfred 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
Geothermal gradients and present day heat flow values were evaluated for about seventy one wells in parts of the eastern Niger delta, using reservoir and corrected bottom – hole temperatures data and other data collected from the wells. The results showed that the geothermal gradients in the shallow/continental sections in the Niger delta vary between 10 - 18° C/km onshore, increasing to about 24° C/km seawards, southwards and eastwards. In the deeper (marine/paralic) section, geothermal gradients vary between 18 - 45° C/km. Heat flow values computed using Petromod 1–D modeling software and calibrated against corrected BHT and reservoir temperatures suggests that heat flow variations in this part of the Niger delta range from 29 – 55 mW/m2 (0.69 – 1.31 HFU) with an average value of 42.5 mW/m2 (1.00 HFU). Heat flow variations in the eastern Niger delta correspond closely to variations in geothermal gradients. Geothermal gradients increase eastwards, northwards and seawards from the coastal swamp. Vertically, thermal gradients in the Niger delta show a continuous and non-linear relationship with depth, increasing with diminishing sand percentages. As sand percentages decrease eastwards and seawards, thermal gradient increases. Lower heat flow values (&lt; 40 mW/m2) occur in the western and north central parts of the study area. Higher heat flow values (40 - 55 mW/m2) occur in the eastern and northwestern parts of the study area. A significant regional trend of eastward increase in heat flow is observed in the area. Other regional heat flow trends includes; an eastwards and westwards increase in heat flow from the central parts of the central swamp and an increase in heat flow from the western parts of the coastal swamp to the shallow offshore. Vertical and lateral variations in thermal gradients and heat flow values in parts of the eastern Niger delta are influenced by certain mechanisms and geological factors which include lithological variations, variations in basement heat flow, temporal changes in thermal gradients and heat flow, related to thicker sedmentary sequence, prior to erosion and evidenced by unconformities, fluid redistribution by migration of fluids and different scales of fluid migration in the sub-surface and overpressures.
Red cell distribution width and all‐cause mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation: A cohort study
Authors: Saliba Walid , Barnett‐Griness Ofra , Rennert Gad 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundIncreased red cell distribution width (RDW), a measure of red cell size variability, has been associated with increased mortality in multiple cardiovascular diseases. However, whether RDW is associated with increased mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation remains unknown.MethodsUsing the computerized database of the largest health maintenance organization in Israel, we identified a cohort of adults with atrial fibrillation diagnosed before January 1, 2012. Cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities were ascertained using an electronic medical record–based algorithm. Mortality was established using the National Death Index through December 31, 2013.ResultsOf 69,412 patients, 12,104 (17.4%) participants died during follow‐up. The crude, two‐year cumulative all‐cause mortality rate increased across RDW quartiles; 9.8%, 13.6%, 18.8%, and 28.5%, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, anemia, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, and medication use, compared to the lowest RDW quartile, the hazard ratio (HR) for mortality was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.13–1.27) in the second quartile, 1.44 (1.36–1.53) in the third quartile, and 1.90 (1.79–2.00) in the highest RDW quartile. The results were similar after further adjustment for smoking, socioeconomic status, renal function, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, with HR=1.82 (1.71–1.93) in the highest RDW quartile compared to the lowest quartile. Changes in RDW over time were strongly associated with mortality; increased RDW was associated with higher risk of mortality and decline in RDW was associated with decreased mortality.ConclusionsRDW and changes in RDW are independently associated with the risk of all‐cause mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Automatic atrial capture device control in real‐life practice: A multicenter experience
Authors: Giammaria Massimo , Quirino Gianluca , Alberio Mariangela , Parravicini Umberto , Cipolla Eliana , Rossetti Guido , Ruocco Antonio , Senatore Gaetano , Rametta Francesco , Pistelli Paolo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundDevice‐based fully automatic pacing capture detection is useful in clinical practice and important in the era of remote care management.The main objective of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the new ACAP Confirm® algorithm in managing atrial capture in the medium term in comparison with early post‐implantation testing.MethodsData were collected from 318 patients (66% male; mean age, 73±10 years); 237 of these patients underwent device implantation and 81 box changes in 31 Italian hospitals. Atrial threshold measurements were taken manually and automatically at different pulse widths before discharge and during follow‐up (7±2 months) examination.ResultsThe algorithm worked as expected in 73% of cases, considering all performed tests. The success rate was 65% and 88% pre‐discharge and during follow‐up examination (p<0.001), respectively, in patients who had undergone implantation. We did not detect any difference in the performance of the algorithm as a result of the type of atrial lead used. The success rate was 70% during pre‐discharge testing in patients undergoing device replacement.Considering all examination types, manual and automatic measurements yielded threshold values of 1.07±0.47 V and 1.03±0.47 V at 0.2‐ms pulse duration (p=0.37); 0.66±0.37 V and 0.67±0.36 V at 0.4 ms (p=0.42); and 0.5±0.28 V and 0.5±0.29 V at 1 ms (p=0.32).ConclusionsThe results show that the algorithm works before discharge, and its reliability increases over the medium term. The algorithm also proved accurate in detecting the atrial threshold automatically. The possibility of activating it does not seem to be influenced by the lead type used, but by the time from implantation.
Autonomy and Happiness in Rousseau's Justification of the State
Authors: Hasan Rafeeq 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecent interpretations of Rousseau suggest that autonomy is the master concept by which to understand his justification of the state. The Rousseauian state is legitimate insofar as it enables individuals to obey only their own wills and thus to be free. Autonomy-based interpretations cannot adequately account for Rousseau's remarks on the role of the state in securing a collective form of happiness through political community. These interpretations incorrectly construe collective happiness as pertaining only to how civic-minded citizens might be psychologically motivated to obey the state's dictates, rather than to what makes the state legitimate. By contrast, I offer a new interpretation according to which the Rousseauian state is justified because it enables a mutually constitutive relationship between the autonomy of individuals and the happiness that stems from participation in political community.
Thoughts on Leo Strauss's Interpretation of Aristotle's Natural Right Teaching
Authors: Cruz Sousa André Luiz 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe essay discusses the interpretation of Aristotle's natural right teaching by Leo Strauss. This interpretation ought to be seen as the result of an investigation into the history of philosophy and of an attempt to philosophically address political problems. By virtue of this twofold origin, the Straussian commentary is unorthodox: it deviates from traditional Aristotelianism (Aquinas and Averroes) and it seems alien to the text of the Nicomachean Ethics. Strauss's criticism of medieval variants results from their incapacity—shared by contemporary political thought—to address a perplexing issue: political exception. He sees in Aristotle's political teaching a way to escape from this failure: the unification, in natural right, of the requirements of statesmanship and ethics. The discovery of this way allowed Strauss to produce an interpretation of natural right that articulates important points pertaining to Aristotelian political science.
Multiple streams in member state implementation: politics, problem construction and policy paths in Swiss asylum policy
Authors: Sager Fritz , Thomann Eva 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article applies the multiple streams approach to a multilevel implementation setting to analyse why Swiss member states enabled the labour market integration of asylum seekers between 2000 and 2003. It argues for integrating the social construction of target groups into the problem stream, and complementing the policy stream with inherited policy paths. A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis reveals that institutionalised policy paths trump politics in explaining the enabling of labour market integration of asylum seekers. Conversely, a weak political left combined with negative problem constructions aces out policy paths in explaining restrictions of labour market integration. The results illustrate how social constructions influence problem framing. Historical institutionalism theory helps us understand how inherited policy logics feed back with actors’ problem perceptions. Because of the parallels in their multilevel systems, political contexts and problem pressures, this historical case offers salient lessons for the refugee crisis in the European Union today.
The European Union Joint Procurement Agreement for cross-border health threats: what is the potential for this new mechanism of health system collaboration?
Authors: Azzopardi-Muscat Natasha , Schroder-Bäck Peter , Brand Helmut 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Joint Procurement Agreement (JPA) is an innovative instrument for multi-country procurement of medical countermeasures against cross-border health threats. This paper aims to assess its potential performance. A literature review was conducted to identify key features of successful joint procurement programmes. Documentary analysis and a key informants’ interview were carried out to analyse the European Union (EU) JPA. Ownership, equity, transparency, stable central financing, standardisation, flexibility and gradual development were identified as important prerequisites for successful establishment of multi-country joint procurement programmes in the literature while security of supply, favourable prices, reduction of operational costs and administrative burden and creation of professional expert networks were identified as desirable outcomes. The EU JPA appears to fulfil the criteria of ownership, transparency, equity, flexibility and gradual development. Standardisation is only partly fulfilled and central EU level financing is not provided. Security of supply is an important outcome for all EU Member States (MS). Price savings, reduction in administrative burden and creation of professional networks may be particularly attractive for the smaller MS. The JPA has the potential to increase health system collaboration and efficiency at EU level provided that the incentives for sustained commitment of larger MS are sufficiently attractive.