bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Functional Link Between Bir1 and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ctf19 Kinetochore Complex Revealed Through Quantitative Fitness Analysis
Authors: Makrantoni Vasso , Ciesiolka Adam , Lawless Conor , Fernius Josefin , Marston Adele , Lydall David , Stark Michael J R 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is a key regulator of eukaryotic cell division, consisting of the protein kinase Aurora B/Ipl1 in association with its activator (INCENP/Sli15) and two additional proteins (Survivin/Bir1 and Borealin/Nbl1). Here, we report a genome-wide genetic interaction screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the bir1-17 mutant, identifying through quantitative fitness analysis deletion mutations that act as enhancers and suppressors. Gene knockouts affecting the Ctf19 kinetochore complex were identified as the strongest enhancers of bir1-17, while mutations affecting the large ribosomal subunit or the mRNA nonsense-mediated decay pathway caused strong phenotypic suppression. Thus, cells lacking a functional Ctf19 complex become highly dependent on Bir1 function and vice versa. The negative genetic interaction profiles of bir1-17 and the cohesin mutant mcd1-1 showed considerable overlap, underlining the strong functional connection between sister chromatid cohesion and chromosome biorientation. Loss of some Ctf19 components, such as Iml3 or Chl4, impacted differentially on bir1-17 compared with mutations affecting other CPC components: despite the synthetic lethality shown by either iml3∆ or chl4∆ in combination with bir1-17, neither gene knockout showed any genetic interaction with either ipl1-321 or sli15-3. Our data therefore imply a specific functional connection between the Ctf19 complex and Bir1 that is not shared with Ipl1.
Stress-Induced Sleep After Exposure to Ultraviolet Light Is Promoted by p53 inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: DeBardeleben Hilary K , Lopes Lindsey E , Nessel Mark P , Raizen David M 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe conservation of sleep among animals suggests that this behavior serves an important adaptive function; however, a unifying function for and genetic.....Stress-induced sleep (SIS) in Caenorhabditis elegans is important for restoration of cellular homeostasis and is a useful model to study the function and regulation of sleep. SIS is triggered when epidermal growth factor (EGF) activates the ALA neuron, which then releases neuropeptides to promote sleep. To further understand this behavior, we established a new model of SIS using irradiation by ultraviolet C (UVC) light. While UVC irradiation requires ALA signaling and leads to a sleep state similar to that induced by heat and other stressors, it does not induce the proteostatic stress seen with heat exposure. Based on the known genotoxic effects of UVC irradiation, we tested two genes, atl-1 and cep-1, which encode proteins that act in the DNA damage response pathway. Loss-of-function mutants of atl-1 had no defect in UVC-induced SIS but a partial loss-of-function mutant of cep-1, gk138, had decreased movement quiescence following UVC irradiation. Germline ablation experiments and tissue-specific RNA interference experiments showed that cep-1 is required somatically in neurons for its effect on SIS. The cep-1(gk138) mutant suppressed body movement quiescence controlled by EGF, indicating that CEP-1 acts downstream or in parallel to ALA activation to promote quiescence in response to ultraviolet light.
Transferencia de dorsal ancho para el tratamiento de las lesiones masivas e irreparables del manguito rotador. [Latissimus dorsi transfer for treatment of massive and irreparable rotator cuff injuries.]
Authors: Zaidenberg Carlos Rodolfo , Zaidenberg Ezequiel Ernesto , Pastrana Martin Jose , Francisco Federico 
Published: July 2017

<p> </p><p><strong>Introducción:</strong> Las rupturas masivas e irreparables del manguito rotador (PSMR) crónicas progresan hacia la pérdida de la rotación externa y finalmente a la migración hacia superior de la cabeza humeral. El objetivo del trabajo es realizar una valoración clínico-radiológica de pacientes con rupturas masivas PSMR tratadas con transferencia del dorsal ancho.</p><p><strong>Materiales y métodos: </strong>Criterios de inclusión: 1) menor de 70 años 2) lesión masiva postero-superior del manguito rotador 3) Perdida de fuerza en rotación externa y abducción 4) resonancia magnética mostrando retracción grado III-IV de Patte 5) tratados con transferencia del dorsal ancho y 6) seguimiento mayor a 2 años. Se excluyeron pacientes con artrosis glenohumeral avanzada asociada (Hamada III-IV-V). Se valoró la movilidad y la fuerza en abducción. Además se registraron la Escala Visual Analoga (EVA) para el dolor y la escala de Constant-Murley. Se analizaron radiograficamente la distancia acromio-humeral y el grado de artropatia. Se registraron las complicaciones y necesidad de reoperación.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Resultados: </strong>Diez y siete pacientes fueron incluidos. Doce varones y 5 mujeres. La edad promedio fue de 54 años (34-65). El seguimiento promedio de 46 meses (24-71).</p><p>La movilidad promedio en flexión fue de 53º, en abducción de 50º y en rotación externa de 19º. La fuerza en abducción una ganancia promedio de 1,4 kg.</p><p>El EVA posoperatoria mejoró 5,1 puntos respecto del preoperatorio promedio. La escala de Constant-Murley de 75,6 (63,4-80,7) al final del seguimiento.</p><p><strong>Conclusión: </strong>La transferencia del dorsal ancho para las lesiones PSMR mostró mejoras en el rango de movilidad, fuerza, alivio del dolor y función del hombro.<strong></strong></p>
TERT Promoter Hypermethylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Potential Stool Biomarker
Authors: Liu Li , Liu Cheng , Fotouhi Omid , Fan Yidong , Wang Kun , Xia Chuanyou , Shi Benkang , Zhang Guangyong , Wang Kexin , Kong Feng , Larsson Catharina , Hu Sanyuan , Xu Dawei 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
There is a high demand for noninvasive screening tools for gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) detection, and GIC-specific markers are required for such purposes. It is established that induction of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT) coupled with telomerase activation is essential for cancer development/progression and aberrant TERT promoter methylation of specific 5′—C—phosphate—G—3′ (CpGs) has been linked to TERT induction in oncogenesis. Here we analyzed TERT promoter methylation in fecal samples from GIC patients and healthy adults and determined its value as a stool biomarker for GIC detection.

Materials and Methods
Sixty-nine GIC patients (34 colorectal carcinoma and 35 gastric cancer) and 62 healthy adults were recruited and fecal samples were collected. Paired tumors and adjacent non-cancerous tissues from 34 patients and normal mucosa tissues from 12 healthy individuals were collected. TERT promoter methylation density was determined using pyrosequencing.

Results
We identified two GIC-specific methylation sites at −218 (CpG site 1) and −210 (CpG site 2) in the TERT promoter in tumor tissues. Methylated TERT promoter CpG sites 1 and 2 were also detectable in patient stool, while only background levels were observed in healthy individuals. The overall sensitivity reached 52.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 48.3–56.0) for fecal methylated TERT promoter assays at 90% specificity, which was comparable to other known stool methylation markers for GIC detection. The combined assays of fecal TERT promoter methylation and occult blood (OB) significantly improved sensitivity and specificity in colorectal cancer (area under curves for methylation alone: 0.798, 95% CI: 0.707–0.889 vs. methylation + OB: 0.920, 95% CI: 0.859–0.981; p = .028), but not in gastric cancer.

Conclusion
This proof-of-concept study suggests the feasibility of stool TERT promoter methylation analyses as an additional tool in noninvasive GIC screening.
Activity of Pazopanib and Trabectedin in Advanced Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma
Authors: Stacchiotti Silvia , Mir Olivier , Le Cesne Axel , Vincenzi Bruno , Fedenko Alexander , Maki Robert G. , Somaiah Neeta , Patel Shreyaskumar , Brahmi Mehedi , Blay Jean Y. , Boye Kjetil , Sundby Hall Kirsten , Gelderblom Hans , Hindi Nadia , Martin-Broto Javier , Kosela Hanna , Rutkowski Piotr , Italiano Antoine , Duffaud Florence , Kobayashi Eisuke , Casali Paolo G. , Provenzano Salvatore , Kawai Akira 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is an exceedingly rare and orphan disease, without active drugs approved in the front line. Pazopanib and trabectedin are licensed for sarcoma treatment from second-line, but very little and contradictory data are available on their activity in ASPS. Lacking ongoing and/or planned clinical trials, we conducted a multi-institutional study involving the reference sites for sarcoma in Europe, U.S., and Japan, within the World Sarcoma Network, to investigate the efficacy of pazopanib and trabectedin.

Materials and Methods
From May 2007, 14 of the 27 centers that were asked to retrospectively review their databases had identified 44 advanced ASPS patients treated with pazopanib and/or trabectedin. Response was evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were computed by Kaplan-Meier method.

Results
Among 30 patients who received pazopanib, 18 were pretreated (13 with other antiangiogenics). Response was evaluable in 29/30 patients. Best responses were 1 complete response, 7 partial response (PR), 17 stable disease (SD), and 4 progressions. At a 19-month median follow-up, median PFS was 13.6 months (range: 1.6–32.2+), with 59% of patients progression-free at 1 year. Median OS was not reached.
Among 23 patients treated with trabectedin, all were pretreated and evaluable for response. Best responses were 1 PR, 13 SD, and 9 progressions. At a 27-month median follow-up, median PFS was 3.7 months (range: 0.7–109), with 13% of patients progression-free at 1 year. Median OS was 9.1 months.

Conclusion
The value of pazopanib in advanced ASPS is confirmed, with durable responses, whereas the value of trabectedin appears limited. These results are relevant to defining the best approach to advanced ASPS.

Implications for Practice
This retrospective study, conducted among the world reference centers for treatment of sarcoma, confirms the value of pazopanib in patients with advanced alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS), with dimensional and durable responses, whereas trabectedin shows a limited activity. Alveolar soft part sarcoma is resistant to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Pazopanib and trabectedin are licensed for treatment of sarcoma from second line; in the lack of prospective clinical trials, these results are relevant to defining ASPS best management and strongly support initiatives aimed at obtaining the approval of pazopanib in the front line of the disease.
Fixed Dosing of Monoclonal Antibodies in Oncology
Authors: Hendrikx Jeroen J.M.A. , Haanen John B.A.G. , Voest Emile E. , Schellens Jan H.M. , Huitema Alwin D.R. , Beijnen Jos H. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Most monoclonal antibodies in oncology are administered in body–size-based dosing schedules. This is believed to correct for variability in both drug distribution and elimination between patients. However, monoclonal antibodies typically distribute to the blood plasma and extracellular fluids only, which increase less than proportionally with the increase in body weight. Elimination takes place via proteolytic catabolism, a nonspecific immunoglobulin G elimination pathway, and intracellular degradation after binding to the target. The latter is the primary route of elimination and is related to target expression levels rather than body size. Taken together, the minor effects of body size on distribution and elimination of monoclonal antibodies and their usually wide therapeutic window do not support body–size-based dosing. We evaluated effects of body weight on volume of distribution and clearance of monoclonal antibodies in oncology and show that a fixed dose for most of these drugs is justified based on pharmacokinetics. A survey of the savings after fixed dosing of monoclonal antibodies at our hospital showed that fixed dosing can reduce costs of health care, especially when pooling of preparations is not possible (which is often the case in smaller hospitals). In conclusion, based on pharmacokinetic parameters of monoclonal antibodies, there is a rationale for fixed dosing of these drugs in oncology. Therefore, we believe that fixed dosing is justified and can improve efficiency of the compounding. Moreover, drug spillage can be reduced and medication errors may become less likely.
ORAL FINDINGS AND MICROFLORA IN TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: Abass Varin , Omer Sherko 
Published: July 2017

Background
The effects of diabetes mellitus on human include long term dysfunction and failure of various organs. A number of oral diseases and disorders have been associated with diabetes mellitus. The susceptibility to periodontal disease often called the "sixth complication of diabetes mellitus" is the most common oral complication of diabetes. The oral cavity is comprised of many surfaces, each coated with a plethora of different bacteria, some of which have been implicated in oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis.
Objective
This study was conducted to determine the most common microorganisms inhabiting the oral cavity of diabetic individuals in comparison to non diabetics, to determine the relation of oral microflora to oral conditions in diabetes and determine the susceptibility of oral microflora to common antimicrobial agents.
Methods
A case control study on two hundred persons with type II diabetes mellitus and fifty control cases. Oral findings were documented based on physical examination, microbial identification was based on culture methods and various identification tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed according to Kirby- Bauer method.
Results
The oral findings in persons with type II diabetes mellitus showed higher occurrence of gingivitis, periodontitis, dental pain, xerostomia, taste disturbance, palatal ulceration and oral candidiasis in comparison with person without diabetes. Microorganisms studied by culture-dependent methods showed more bacterial isolates in diabetic groups of many stains such as of Bacillus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Viridans streptococci, Branhamella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Stomatococcus, Veillonella and Candida albicans. The bacterial isolate susceptibility to antimicrobial agents showed wide resistance to several commonly used antimicrobial agents in dental practice and intermediate response was shown to be arising to some antimicrobial agents.
Conclusion
Various oral and dental problems such as periodontitis and dental loss was observed in diabetics, also more microbial isolates were documented from diabetics with a notable shift to more virulent species. Most of the isolated organism were resistant to several commonly antimicrobial agents in use. Oral problems may reflect on the increasing oral population of certain bacterial species and this will further complicate their oral problems.
HEALING OF Nd:YAG LASER INCISION IN TONGUE OF RABBITS COMPARED WITH SCALPEL INCISION, AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Saeed Kamal , Mahmood Ismaeel 
Published: July 2017

Background
The incision quality and healing postoperatively are the main goals for the surgeon. Many different laser wavelengths have been used in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery with many advantages, especially because of their high properties (like selective physical properties, the wave length works in a deeper skin
structure and it can be applied for removal of vascular lesion).
Objective
The aim of this study was to compare wound healing in the tongue of rabbits grossly and histologically, after a surgical procedure with Nd:YAG laser and scalpel.
Methods
Twelve healthy local breed Rabbits were used in this study; their average age was (2-6) months, divided in to 3 groups, each group includes 4 rabbits. Two parallel incisions using Nd:YAG laser and a scalpel were performed in the tongue of each rabbit. Power level of 3 Watts was used for the laser incisions. Biopsies were taken from group I after 3 days, group II after 5 days and group III after 7 days.

Results
Grossly, it was found that wound closure (healing) occurred in all of the wounds in scalpel incisions, while it did not occur in Nd:YAG laser incision at 3 and 5days, but seen at 7 days post operatively. Histologically, it was found that wound closure (healing) occurred in all of the wounds in scalpel incisions, while it did not occur in Nd:YAG laser incision at 3, 5 and 7 days post operatively.
Conclusion
When compared with traditional surgical procedure, several valuable characteristics of Nd:YAG laser were found; laser produced precise surgical incisions that did not require suture, with little bleeding tendency which simplified the surgical phase. The disadvantage of laser systems is represented by histologically evident thermal destruction around the laser beam incision and thermal damage caused delayed healing process. Healing of the scalpel incision was faster than Nd:YAG laser incision because scalpel wounds did not cause any thermal damage to the incised tissues.
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN VAGINAL AND SUBLINGUAL MISOPROSTOL IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FIRST TRIMESTER SILENT MISCARRIAGES
Authors: Nasir Sallama , AL-Ani Hana , Kellow Sundus , Ali Kanda 
Published: July 2017

Background
Surgical evacuation is the traditional method for termination of first trimester silent (missed) miscarriage. But serious complications may occur after surgical evacuation e.g. perforation, bleeding infection and later infertility. Now a day medical termination of first trimester silent miscarriage is well recognized as an effective treatment option. Misoprostol tablet is a drug which can be used & it has been found to be effective by different routes; orally, vaginally & sublingually.
Objective
This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of sublingual versus vaginal misoprostol in the management of first trimester silent miscarriage.Patients and Methods
Patients and Methods
This is a prospective randomized comparative clinical study, included pregnant women who have first trimester silent miscarriage, attending Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital over a period of 8 months (from 1st January 2009 till 1st September 2009). These pregnant women were divided into two groups as follow: Group 1 included 44 patients, who received 600μg (3 tablets) of Misoprostol sublingually, every 3 h for a maximum of 3 doses. Group 2 included 44 patients, who received 600μg (3 tablets ) of Misoprostol vaginally every 3 hr for a maximum of 3 doses. These women were followed up for 24 hr to see whether they pass any product of conception or not, if no abortion takes place, the women were given a second course of treatment, and followed up for another 24 hr to see the results.
Results
All the women included in the study (no= 88) passed product of conceptions after receiving the first course of the treatment .The complete abortion rate was significantly higher in sublingual group 22 (50%) compared to vaginal group 6 (13.63%), (p=0.000).The mean time interval between induction to passage of product of conception was significantly shorter in sublingual group (6.68 h) compared to vaginal group (8.61 h), (p<0.002). No significant difference in the incidence of side effects was observed in both groups.
Conclusion
This study shows that sublingual misoprostol was more effective than vaginal misoprostol in inducing complete abortion for silent miscarriage in the first trimester, with no significant difference in the side effects.
KNOWLEDGE OF TUBERCULOUS PATIENTS ON DISEASE AND THEIR TREATMENT OUTCOME OF DOTS PROGRAM WITH EMPHASIS ON WHO STRATEGY IN KIRKUK–IRAQ
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed , Ali Bushra , Tahir Suheila 
Published: July 2017

Background
Tuberculosis has got high priority within the health sector as a major public health problem and directly observed therapy short course (DOTS) strategy has been planned to be implemented widely to control the disease and its management.
Objectives
To assess knowledge of the patients’ on various aspects of tuberculosis and show the six mutually exclusive outcome of treatment regimen under directly observed therapy short course (DOTS).
Patients and Methods
A prospective case follow up study has been carried out on 110 patients attending consultation clinic for Chest and Respiratory Diseases in Kirkuk, for the period from the 1st of April to 31st of December 2009.Tuberculous patients were followed up for the next six months period under DOTS program including two phases
Results
Regarding knowledge of patients about routes of transmission and risk factors, there was statistically significant difference between different educational levels (P<0.05), the highest percentage being among secondary school level patients (28.6%). Occupation had a significant effect on patients’ knowledge on treatment regimen , in high score knowledge group (4-6) among students was 100%which was statistically significant. The outcome of treatment regimen was 99.1% treatment success (cure and completed treatment); 0.9% had relapsed and no unfavorable outcome was noticed.
Conclusion
Overall knowledge of patients was low regarding routes of transmission, risk factors and treatment regimen.
GESTATIONAL AGE SPECIFIC WEIGHT, LENGTH AND HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE OF KURDISH NEWBORNS IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: Tayib Tara , Taher Soran , Al-Windi Ahmad 
Published: July 2017

Objectives
To assess the percentiles (3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95 and 97%) of weight, length and head circumference for a sample of new-born Kurdish population in Sulaimani and the relation to mothers' age, parity and gestational age.
Patients and Methods
Birth weight, crown heal length and head circumference of infants born at gestational age 37–44 weeks in Sulaimani teaching hospital from March 2008 to March 2009 were measured prospectively using standard equipments.
Results
The mean weight, length and head circumference of the male full term baby in the total sample was as followed respectively 3355 kg, 50 cm, 35 cm. The mean weight, length and head circumference of the female full term baby in the total sample were as followed respectively 3260 kg, 49.3cm, 34.5 cm. The median for weight, length and head circumference of the male full term baby were 3355 g (3300–3400), 50 (50–50.2) and 35 (33,5–35). While the median for weight, length and Head circumference of the female full term baby in the total sample were 3260 g (=3200–3306), 49.3 (49–49.5) and 34.5 (34.4–34.6).
Conclusion
The anthropometric measures of the new born babies in this study are near that found by the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study but higher than less developed countries.