bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking strategies and biases when matching cohorts to the National Pupil Database.
Authors: Downs Johnny , Setakis Efrosini , Mostafa Tarek , Hayes Richard , Hotopf Matthew , Ford Tamsin , Gilbert Ruth 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesTo compare sample biases when linking education data to external datasets using opt in and opt out consent models for the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) – opt in, and the Case Register Interactive Search Child and Adolescent Mental Health sample (CRIS CAMHS) –opt out.
ApproachWe compared demographic factors in the linked and unlinked populations when two cohorts, the MCS, and CRIS CAMHS data were linked to the National Pupil Database. The MCS is a birth cohort collecting prospective data on the social, economic and health-related circumstances of children surveyed at roughly two-yearly intervals from the age of 9 months. At age 7, parents were asked to consent for information from their child’s education records (via the UK Department for Education’s National Pupil Database, NPD) to linked to the MCS. Of the 9000 adults with parental responsibility, 8448 (93.9%) consented. The CRIS CAMHS sample is the UK's largest, anonymised clinical database for children and adolescents referred to South London child and adolescent mental health services, which is collected using opt out consent. All 35, 426 children were eligible for linkage to their educational data.
ResultsFor MCS, 7446 (82.7% of the population) eligible children were successfully linked to NPD following opt in consent. After stratification into distinct geographical regions, London children in the most deprived quartile of neighbourhood deprivation were over twice as likely (O.R 2.5, C.I 1.18-5.3) not to have their educational records linked. For the opt out CRIS CAMHS cohort, 30,178 (85.1%) were linked, with no significant differences in linkage rates between children in the highest and lowest quartiles of deprivation (O.R 1.05, C.I 0.93-1.18). Relative to children of White ethnicity, Asian, Black African and Mixed ethnic groups were significantly less likely to be matched in both studies. Black Caribbean ethnicity was significantly associated with non-linkage in the MCS cohort (O.R 3.0, C.I 1.49-6.01), but not in CRIS CAMHS (0.96, C.I 0.83-1.12).
ConclusionRecord linkages are a valuable enhancement to child-based longitudinal studies and clinical registries, allowing evaluation of questions relevant to public health and social care policy. Opt out consent approaches improve representation of more socially disadvantaged populations. Nevertheless, whether using opt in and opt out consent process, possible biases due to linkage error can be important and need to be addressed when analysing and interpreting results.
Impacts of Alternative Billing Claims on Hypertension Prevalence and Mortality Estimates in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Cunningham Ceara Tess , Quan Hude , Jette Nathalie , Chen Guanmin 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesIn Canada, secondary sources of health information such as physician billing claims are used for surveillance of chronic conditions such as hypertension. The value of this data may be affected by different types of physician payment models. Fee-for-service (FFS) physicians submit billing claims in order to be remunerated whereas physicians on salary or capitation also called alternative payment plans (APP) are remunerated regardless of whether claims are submitted. Thus there are concerns nationally that APPs may be associated with decreased frequency of billing submission, thereby eroding data quality and leading to underestimates of disease burdens and outcomes. We assessed the impact of APPs on hypertension prevalence, mortality and cardiovascular (CVD) hospitalization in Alberta.
ApproachThe following health administrative databases from Alberta, Canada were used in this study: 1) Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan registry; 2) Hospital Discharge Abstract database (DAD); 3) Physician claims data and; 4) Vital Statistics database. We defined patients with hypertension aged 20 years and older between April 1, 2004 and March 31, 2009 (fiscal years 2004 to 2009) based on previously validated algorithm. Cases were then sorted into FFS and non-FFS billing status. Descriptive statistics for age group, sex, income quintile, rural/urban geographical location, death status and comorbidities were reported between the shadow billing and non-shadow billing groups in regards to prevalence, all-cause mortality and CVD hospitalizations.
ResultsA total of 613, 844 adult hypertensive cases were captured during the 5 year study period. The majority of hypertension cases (99.6%, n=610,167) were identified through FFS claims. The effect of non-FFS billing estimates represented a small proportion of hypertension cases (0.40%, n=3677) identified during the study period. Among the FFS claims, overall hypertension prevalence was 22.2% (n=610167) and the effect of non-FFS billing estimates (0.13%, n=3677) on prevalence estimates was relatively minor. All-cause mortality 33.8 (95% CI 33.6-34) and CVD 40.6 (40.4-40.9) were higher for FFS cases than non-FFS cases 19.0 (16.6-21.8) and CVD: 8.0 (6.4-9.8).
ConclusionDuring the study time period, the impact of non-FFS (i.e. shadow billings) on physician claims may not have impacted hypertension prevalence estimates greatly. Since Alberta uses shadow billing incentive programs, future research is needed to determine whether incentive programs should be considered in other provinces or nationally in order to preserve the overall quality of physician claims data.
Linking survey responses and administrative records without respondent consent to link; a discussion paper
Authors: Burns Frances , O Reilly Dermot 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives(i) Review the application and interpretation of the Data Protection Act (DPA) 1998; clarifying whether individual consent is required for data linkage for secondary research purposes, in consideration of the policies and principles of the UK Administrative Data Research Network (ADRN).
(ii) Determine ethical, logistical or ‘tactical’ factors researchers might have to take into consideration.
ApproachLinking survey data to administrative records offer potential advantage to both researchers and survey respondents. Informed, specific and explicit consent is typically a prerequisite for linkage. However, not all respondents consent to data-linkage resulting in a reduced and potentially biased sub-sample for analysis. In Northern Ireland consent rates for record linkage are typically about 50%.
Discussion with the ICO confirms that the DPA may encourage rather than restrict research. S33 ‘research exemption’ supports secondary use of survey data subject to conditions such as that is for research purposes, it is not incompatible with the original purpose, and would not cause the data subjects substantial damage or distress. Other DPA principles remain in force; Principle 1 (fair and lawful processing) and the need to make data subjects ‘aware’ of the research: explicit consent is only one route by which this can be achieved. The Processing Sensitive Data Order (2000) protects the privacy of individuals. Research must be of substantial public interest with access only to data necessary to answer the research question. The ADRN enables access to de identified data for research purposes where identified public benefit is independently assured, maintains the privacy of individuals and ensures lawful “conditions of processing” are met.
Resulting discussionLegal considerations aside, researchers may face other obstacles; the first is technical as the surveying agency may have deleted all linkable identifiers. The second is ethical as research ethics committee approval is a usual precondition. De-identification of individual subjects should be grounds for ethical approval where the research proposal includes a publication plan with appropriate methods to inform participants of research conducted and findings. Finally, the data custodians may not agree to the linkage for sound ‘tactical’ longer-term reasons, even if convinced of its legality.
ConclusionUse of de identified survey data for research purposes is possible via the UK ADRN but raises other considerations for researchers and data custodians. We argue that this option should be used in limited circumstances.
Lugar de aluno é na escola que desenvolva conhecimentos
Authors: Souza Janaína Moreira Pacheco de , Senna Luiz Antonio Gomes 
Published: April 2017

O objetivo do presente estudo, de cunho bibliográfico, é suscitar algumas reflexões acerca da proposta de universalização escolar no contexto atual do nosso país. Para iniciarmos a discussão, traremos considerações de filósofos iluministas que pensaram a educação com uma visão voltada à cidadania. Na atualidade, um dos grandes discursos direcionados à área da educação é a promoção da equidade de ensino. Com o objetivo de compreender o papel que a escola e o professor exercem nesse processo, garantindo acesso e permanência do aluno na escola, abordaremos questões relacionadas ao processo de construção do conhecimento que permeia tanto quem ensina, quanto quem aprende. A ideia defendida no corpo do texto será a de que o processo de universalização escolar só se efetivará mediante reflexões que envolvam todas as instâncias de ensino; apropriação pelo professor da sua real função no processo educativo e, valorização da educação por parte do Estado. Para embasarmos tal posição, traremos estudos de Senna (1997, 2008), Becker (1993), Berticelli (2004) e Libâneo (2012, 2013) que apontam possibilidades pedagógicas reais e ideias no/para o cotidiano escolar que permitam ao indivíduo se desenvolver enquanto cidadão. Palavras-chave: Cidadania. Conhecimento. Escola.
Taraxerol protects the human hepatic L02 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis
Authors: Yao Xiang-Yang , Bai Qin 
Published: April 2017

Taraxerol is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity. However, cytoprotective effect of taraxerol on hepatocytes has not been reported. In the present study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of taraxerol in the human hepatic L02 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Taraxerol decreased H2O2-induced cell viability loss and lactate dehydrogenase release. Taraxerol also inhibited H2O2-induced cell apoptosis. Further, taraxerol attenuated H2O2-induced increase in cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP. H2O2-activated p38 and JNK were also inhibited by taraxerol. These data suggest that taraxerol could protect the L02 cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis via suppression of p38 and JNK. Taraxerol may be an effective protective agent against oxidative stress-induced liver injury.Video Clip of Methodology: 6 min 20 sec Full Screen Alternate
mTORC1 Promotes T-bet Phosphorylation To Regulate Th1 Differentiation
Authors: Chornoguz Olesya , Hagan Robert S. , Haile Azeb , Arwood Matthew L. , Gamper Christopher J. , Banerjee Arnob , Powell Jonathan D. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
CD4+ T cells lacking the mTORC1 activator Rheb fail to secrete IFN-γ under Th1 polarizing conditions. We hypothesized that this phenotype is due to defects in regulation of the canonical Th1 transcription factor T-bet at the level of protein phosphorylation downstream of mTORC1. To test this hypothesis, we employed targeted mass-spectrometry proteomic analysis–multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. We used this method to detect and quantify predicted phosphopeptides derived from T-bet. By analyzing activated murine wild-type and Rheb-deficient CD4+ T cells, as well as murine CD4+ T cells activated in the presence of rapamycin, a pharmacologic inhibitor of mTORC1, we were able to identify six T-bet phosphorylation sites. Five of these are novel, and four sites are consistently dephosphorylated in both Rheb-deficient CD4+ T cells and T cells treated with rapamycin, suggesting mTORC1 signaling controls their phosphorylation. Alanine mutagenesis of each of the six phosphorylation sites was tested for the ability to impair IFN-γ expression. Single phosphorylation site mutants still support induction of IFN-γ expression; however, simultaneous mutation of three of the mTORC1-dependent sites results in significantly reduced IFN-γ expression. The reduced activity of the triple mutant T-bet is associated with its failure to recruit chromatin remodeling complexes to the Ifng gene promoter. These results establish a novel mechanism by which mTORC1 regulates Th1 differentiation, through control of T-bet phosphorylation.
The relative importance of macrophysical and cloud albedo changes for aerosol-induced radiative effects in closed-cell stratocumulus: insight from the modelling of a case study
Authors: Grosvenor Daniel P. , Field Paul R. , Hill Adrian A. , Shipway Benjamin J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Aerosol–cloud interactions are explored using 1 km simulations of a case study of predominantly closed-cell SE Pacific stratocumulus clouds. The simulations include realistic meteorology along with newly implemented cloud microphysics and sub-grid cloud schemes. The model was critically assessed against observations of liquid water path (LWP), broadband fluxes, cloud fraction (fc), droplet number concentrations (Nd), thermodynamic profiles, and radar reflectivities.Aerosol loading sensitivity tests showed that at low aerosol loadings, changes to aerosol affected shortwave fluxes equally through changes to cloud macrophysical characteristics (LWP, fc) and cloud albedo changes due solely to Nd changes. However, at high aerosol loadings, only the Nd albedo change was important. Evidence was also provided to show that a treatment of sub-grid clouds is as important as order of magnitude changes in aerosol loading for the accurate simulation of stratocumulus at this grid resolution.Overall, the control model demonstrated a credible ability to reproduce observations, suggesting that many of the important physical processes for accurately simulating these clouds are represented within the model and giving some confidence in the predictions of the model concerning stratocumulus and the impact of aerosol. For example, the control run was able to reproduce the shape and magnitude of the observed diurnal cycle of domain mean LWP to within  ∼  10 g m−2 for the nighttime, but with an overestimate for the daytime of up to 30 g m−2. The latter was attributed to the uniform aerosol fields imposed on the model, which meant that the model failed to include the low-Nd mode that was observed further offshore, preventing the LWP removal through precipitation that likely occurred in reality. The boundary layer was too low by around 260 m, which was attributed to the driving global model analysis. The shapes and sizes of the observed bands of clouds and open-cell-like regions of low areal cloud cover were qualitatively captured. The daytime fc frequency distribution was reproduced to within Δfc = 0.04 for fc >  ∼ 0.7 as was the domain mean nighttime fc (at a single time) to within Δfc = 0.02. Frequency distributions of shortwave top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) fluxes from the satellite were well represented by the model, with only a slight underestimate of the mean by 15 %; this was attributed to near–shore aerosol concentrations that were too low for the particular times of the satellite overpasses. TOA long-wave flux distributions were close to those from the satellite with agreement of the mean value to within 0.4 %. From comparisons of Nd distributions to those from the satellite, it was found that the Nd mode from the model agreed with the higher of the two observed modes to within  ∼  15 %.
Continuation of long-term global SO2 pollution monitoring from OMI to OMPS
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Can , Krotkov Nickolay A. , Joiner Joanna , Fioletov Vitali , McLinden Chris 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Over the past 20 years, advances in satellite remote sensing of pollution-relevant species have made space-borne observations an increasingly important part of atmospheric chemistry research and air quality management. This progress has been facilitated by advanced UV–vis spectrometers, such as the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura satellite, and continues with new instruments, such as the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) on board the NASA–NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite. In this study, we demonstrate that it is possible, using our state-of-the-art principal component analysis (PCA) retrieval technique, to continue the long-term global SO2 pollution monitoring started by OMI with the current and future OMPS instruments that will fly on the NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) 1, 2, 3, and 4 satellites in addition to SNPP, with a very good consistency of retrievals from these instruments. Since OMI SO2 data have been primarily used for (1) providing regional context on air pollution and long-range transport on a daily basis and (2) providing information on point emission sources on an annual basis after data averaging, we focused on these two aspects in our OMI–OMPS comparisons. Four years of retrievals (2012–2015) have been compared for three regions: eastern China, Mexico, and South Africa. In general, the comparisons show relatively high correlations (r = 0. 79–0.96) of daily regional averaged SO2 mass between the two instruments and near-unity regression slopes (0.76–0.97). The annual averaged SO2 loading differences between OMI and OMPS are small (< 0.03 Dobson unit (DU) over South Africa and up to 0.1 DU over eastern China). We also found a very good correlation (r = 0. 92–0.97) in the spatial distribution of annual averaged SO2 between OMI and OMPS over the three regions during 2012–2015. The emissions from ∼ 400 SO2 sources calculated with the two instruments also show a very good correlation (r = ∼ 0.9) in each year during 2012–2015. OMPS-detected SO2 point source emissions are slightly lower than those from OMI, but OMI–OMPS differences decrease with increasing strength of source. The OMI–OMPS SO2 mass differences on a pixel by pixel (daily) basis in each region can show substantial differences. The two instruments have a spatial correlation coefficient of 0.7 or better on < ∼ 50 % of the days. It is worth noting that consistent SO2 retrievals were achieved without any explicit adjustments to OMI or OMPS radiance data and that the retrieval agreement may be further improved by introducing a more comprehensive Jacobian lookup table than is currently used.
Dynamics of the Hadley circulation in an axisymmetric model undergoing stratification periodic forcing
Authors: Tartaglione Nazario 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The time-dependent response of the Hadley circulation to a periodic forcing is explored via a simplified nonlinear axisymmetric model. Thermal forcing towards a given equilibrium potential temperature drives the model atmosphere. The vertical stratification of this temperature is forced to become periodically neutral with a period t0. Simulations performed with values of t0 ranging from 10 to 90 days exhibit stronger circulation compared to the results of a constant thermal forcing experiment. As the period increases, a transition occurs first from a stationary regime, obtained when forcing is constant, to a periodic (and possibly quasi-periodic) regime, and then to an intermittent regime, albeit one with a strong periodic component. The stream-function response to periodic forcing is generally a periodic oscillation, with two main frequencies dominating: one with a period equal or close to the forcing period and another with a period that is half of the forcing period. The former is dominant for values of t0 larger than 30 days, whereas the latter is prevalent for t0 smaller than 30 days. The periodic oscillations obtained in this model may be associated with the periodic oscillations observed in the tropical regions. In this case the periodic charge and discharge of moisture in the tropical atmosphere, with consequent change of stratification, may be linked to those oscillations. In the model, at forcing periods of over 63 days the response of the stream function periodically enters into a quasi-intermittent regime, exhibiting high-frequency chaotic oscillations that are modulated by the slow timescale of forcing. Sensitivity experiments for model parameters and configuration were performed to check whether results obtained are still valid under different conditions. Although for small changes of parameters the results are still valid, when parameters depart from the prescribed ones, we can observe change in the Hadley circulation dynamics.
ورش عمل الجمعية المصرية للمكتبات والمعلومات والارشيف دراسة تقييمة للاعتماد
Authors: جمال مجاهد أماني 
Published: April 2017

تسعي الجمعية المصرية للمكتبات والمعلومات والارشيف لخدمة قطاع المهنيين والمتخصصين في مصر والعالم العربي عن طريق اتاحة ورش العمل والدورات التدريبية وتأهيل العاملين مع تكوين كادر يلاحق ما هو جديد في المجال ويسعي لسد الثغرات المعرفية التي يولدها التطور المتلاحق وعدم قدرة البرامج التعليمية بأقسام المكتبات والمعلومات لملاحقة الجديد والحديث في التخصص.وقد قامت الجمعية المصرية للمكتبات والمعلومات والأرشيف بوضع خطة منهجية واضحة للتدريب وتهدف لتأهيل جميع العاملين في مجال المكتبات والمعلومات والمعرفة لمواجهة التطور السريع في المجال ومواجهة التحديثات في شتى القطاعات.يهدف هذا البحث لرصد الورش التدريبية التي تم التخطيط لها من جانب مجلس إدارة الجمعية المصرية للمكتبات والمعلومات والأرشيف وقطاع المتخصصين المستهدف لهذه الورش منذ بداية تولي مجلس اللإدارة الحالي لمسئولية إدارة الجمعية 2015-2016ويسعي البحث للوصول لمدى رضى قطاع المتدربين المستهدف عن ما يتم تقديمه خلال ورش العمل والتغذية المردته لهم، حتى نستطيع عمل تطوير لما يتم تقديمة من مادة علمية وتطويرها لتلائم احتياجات سوق العمل ومتطلباته طمعا في اعتماد الدورات وورش العمل في مجال العمل والتخصص وهذا التقييم سوف يقودنا لنتائج عديدة تساعد الفئة المستهدفة من التدريب لتطوير ذاتها والعمل على ايجاد سبل وفرص عمل تلائم امكانات الشخص وتطلعاتهونطلع في هذا البحث للخروج بتوصيات بوضع خطة تدريبية عريضة تخدم قطاع المكتبات والمعلومات والارشيف في الوطن العربي تنفذ عبر الجمعيات المهنية في المجال حتى يستطيع المهني العربي أن يطور من أداءه في المجال.‫كلمات مفتاحية‬‪:‬ الجمعية المصرية للمكتبات والمعلومات والأرشيف، الورش التدريبية، الدورات التدريبية ، ورش العمل ، تقييم الورش التدريبية‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
Near-Infrared Spectrum Detection of Wheat Gluten Protein Content Based on a Combined Filtering Method
Authors: Cai Jian-Hua 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
To eliminate the random error of the derivative near-IR (NIR) spectrum and to improve model stabilityand the prediction accuracy of the gluten protein content, a combined method is proposed for pretreatment of the NIR spectrum based on both empirical mode decomposition and the wavelet soft-threshold method. The principle and the steps of the method are introduced and the denoising effect is evaluated. The wheat gluten protein content is calculated based on the denoised spectrum, and the results are compared withthose of the nine-point smoothing method and the wavelet soft-threshold method. Experimental results show that the proposed combined method is effective in completing pretreatment of the NIR spectrum, and theproposed method improves the accuracy of detection of wheat gluten protein content from the NIR spectrum.