bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les tribulations du patrimoine urbain en Inde : La conservation se heurte à la diversité des intérêts en présence
Authors: Milbert Isabelle 
Published: October 2016

Las tribulaciones del patrimonio urbano en India
La ciudad hindú, en fuerte crecimiento desde hace medio siglo, resulta repulsiva al esteta en busca de armonía y equilibrio. No obstante, cada ciudad y cada barrio posee algunos edificios o lugares de fuerte carga simbólica, pero que se degradan con gran rapidez. En una época en que los monumentos religiosos se convierten en los rehenes de las luchas entre comunidades antagonistas, las elites intelectuales locales acuden a los organismos internacionales para tratar de limitar la desaparición de los vestigios de una memoria plural y para renovar, como en Bombay, el patrimonio social de la vivienda popular.
Shanghai : du patrimoine identitaire au décor touristique. Le laboratoire de la nouvelle Chine
Authors: Ged Françoise 
Published: October 2016

Shanghai : from an identity-defining patrimony to a tourist attraction
Thanks to the central government, who put it in quarantine, the dynamic city of Shanghai can today boast of being the «Museum of ten thousand architectures». The celebration of the revolutionary period no longer prohibits the rehabilitation of the religious, dynastic or even colonial past. The spirit of speculation which reigns over the development of ancient patrimony as a resource for tourism ignores, however, popular dwellings and the port.
Le marché scolaire américain
Authors: Mathieu Dominique 
Published: October 2016

America's academic market
In the United States in the 1960's, important measures to fight social inequality in schools helped to reduce racial discrimination between blacks and whites. Since then, the liberalization of the economy in the '70s has made competition between public and private schools keener. Increasingly, the social diversity of schools is a reflection of highly conflicting lifestyles. Recent attempts to reduce the accumulation of disparities have run into the multiple brick walls of an urban mosaic.
Le temps du cyborg dans la ville territoire : Vers de nouvelles métaphores de l'urbain
Authors: Picon Antoine 
Published: October 2016

Die Zeit des Cyborg im Stadtterritorium
Die Metapher ist eine Form, die eine so komplexe Realität wie die der heutigen Stadt offen wahrzunehmen erlaubt. Das Stadtterritorium wandelt sich von «hard» zu «soft», es weist mehr Analogien mit der Welt elektronischer Spiele als mit der materiellen Struktur von Computern auf. In der aus multiplen und simultanen Ereignissen aufgebauten, virtuellen Spiellandschaft lösen sich die Rhythmen der Industriestadt auf, und die Fortbewegung des Individuums kommt ohne Gebrauchsanweisung aus. Die elektronische Kreatur Cyborg, ein aus Fleisch und Maschine gebildeter Hybride, symbolisiert den der Heterogeneität der Zeit ausgelieferten Stadtbewohner.
La socialisation par le sport, revers et contre-pied : Les représentations sociales du sport de rue
Authors: Basson Jean-Charles , Smith Andy 
Published: October 2016

La socialisation par le sport : revers et contre-pied
Les sports de rue que beaucoup de jeunes pratiquent hors et à côté des clubs sont mal perçus par les acteurs publics qui y voient une menace pour leur action sociale. Leur prolifération n'obéit pas moins cependant à des formes d'organisation et de discipline que leurs adeptes s'imposent. Ces derniers déplorent alors que les autorités locales ne les reconnaissent pas comme partenaires à part entière de l'animation urbaine. Ce malentendu entre jeunes et institutions pose avec acuité la question de la pertinence des modes d'action publique guidant les politiques territoriales.
Les villes suisses à l'épreuve de la pauvreté
Authors: Leresche Jean-Philippe 
Published: October 2016

Die Schweizer Städte unter der Belastungsprobe der Armut
In der Schweiz belasten zunehmende soziale Ungleichheit und Marginalisierung die zwischen Bund, Kantonen und Kommunen aufgesplitterten Sozialdienste. Trotz der gegenseitigen Abschottung bilden die Kommunalverbände den geeignetsten Rahmen für die Harmonisierung öffentlicher und privater Interventionen. Der Begriff regionaler Steuerung gewinnt angesichts der Finanzkrise der Kommunen und der Infragestellung der Zwecksetzungen öffentlicher Eingriffe als neuer Horizont zur Koordinierung sozialpolitischer Strategien an Sinn.
L'ambition métropolitaine lyonnaise : De l'ancien projet d'agglomération de l'État aux conceptions managériales du développement local
Authors: Ben Mabrouk Taoufik 
Published: October 2016

La ambición metropolitana de Lyon
A pesar de las declaraciones unanimistas, las grandes aglomeraciones son siempre terrenos vivientes donde se enfrentan grupos de presión antagonistas. Deseo piadoso de la planificación racional, la cooperación intermunicipal no se ha asentado sino progresivamente en el área urbana de Lyon. La emergencia del liderazgo de Michel Noir, alcalde en la década del 80, sólo logró reavivar viejos conflictos entre las autoridades elegidas del centro y las de la periferia. Y es aprovechando esas tensiones que los servicios estatales mantienen una cierta presencia en los asuntos locales.
La police de voisinage dans la France d'Ancien Régime
Authors: Laffont Jean-Luc 
Published: October 2016

The neighbourhood policeman. At the centre of the police organization of cities in ancient France
Municipal police forces have existed in French cities since the Middle Ages. The «dizeniers» in Toulouse or the «street constables» in Bordeaux were recruited from among local inhabitants, in the upper layers of the working classes. These officers, locally omnipresent, were at one and the same time informers to the government and its armed forces and, above all, arbitrators in everyday disputes. Although community police forces were phased out after the Revolution, they survived in some cities, such as the dizeniers or municipal magistrates in Toulouse up until 1934.
Détresse sociale et défense du territoire du soi. Histoires de vie d'habitants de la cité Waterloo à Sydney
Authors: Wearing Michael 
Published: October 2016

Miseria social y defensa del territorio entre los más necesitados. La barrio Waterloo en Sidney, Australia
El barrio Waterloo de Sidney concentra las poblaciones más necesitadas de la ciudad. El miedo de ser agredido en la calle, la obsesión de la enfermedad, el rechazo del mundo exterior y la demanda de servicio sociales adicionales permean la dialéctica sobre la vida diaria. Los habitantes confían al sociólogo sus dificultades de existencia esperando que su encuesta pueda fortalecer la presencia de los servicios sociales.
Faire une place au temps actuel. Filmer un quartier à Saint-Étienne
Authors: Peroni Michel , Roux Jacques 
Published: October 2016

In der Stadtlandschaft verdichtete Zeit. Erfahrungen beim Filmen eines Viertels von Saint-Etienne
Ein so atomisiertes, sich ständig veränderndes Universum wie die Stadt liegt nicht offen vor uns wie eine natürliche Landschaft. Das «Marais», eine Industriebrache im Zentrum von Saint-Etienne, sieht seiner Umwandlung in ein High-Tech-Center entgegen. Diesen Übergang filmen heißt, von der Vielfalt von Entwicklungen, Populationen und Aktionen Zeugnis ablegen, die das Viertel heute beleben. Eine überholte Vergangenheit mit einer ungewissen Zukunft verbindend, enthüllt die Gegenwart die in einer Stadtlandschaft verdichtete Zeit.
Le paysage des townships à la fin de l'apartheid
Authors: Crankshaw Owen , Parnell Susan 
Published: October 2016

Leer el paisaje de los townships en 1994
El paisaje urbano en Africa del Sur se divide entre los townships, «cajas de cerillas» alineadas del lado de la ciudad negra y las alegras y desperdigadas residencias del lado de la ciudad blanca. El ocaso del apartheid comienza a diversificar este paisaje. El batiborrillo de la chabola gana los townships mientras que las parcelaciones para clases medias se intercalan entre ambas ciudades.
Le développement local dans les villes européennes. La difficile conciliation de l'économique et du spatial
Authors: Demazière Christophe 
Published: October 2016

Local development in European cities
The doctrine on the mobilisation of local resources in Europe that arose out of the economic crisis of the 1970s, was mainly concerned with areas of rural depopulation and industrial reconversion. Today, urban sectors that are cut off from the labour and housing market are at the centre of developmentalist concerns. The symbolic dimension of local dynamics produces doubtful economic effects.
Habitat clandestin et insalubre au Maroc. Vers une stratégie d'intervention plurielle
Authors: Benlahcen Tlemçani Mohamed , Missamou Rufin 
Published: October 2016

Illegal health-endangering housing in Morocco
Although action is being taken against informal, unsanitary housing in Morocco, it is the main social housing sector in cities. Its economic dynamism is due to the shortage of cheap and comfortable legal housing. The State should take notice of this by reorienting its policy and recognising the economic contribution of do-it-yourself grassroots homebuilders.
La théorie de l'institution de Maurice Hauriou et les associations
Authors: Jeannot Gilles 
Published: October 2016

Maurice Hauriou's theory of the institution and associations
Public interest associations, which are now being called upon to relay governmental action, are in danger of being taken over by market and political forces for their own ends. Maurice Hauriou (1856-1929), an eminent public law theorist, anticipated the current growth in services, by considering associations as an instituting force that generates new forms of public action. Based on the «idea of work to be accomplished», this concept integrates the form into the substance and practices into values. What is considered negatively for the external take-over of association-based investment can thus be a positive effect of social dissemination of the work idea in its various forms.
Des Médinas héritées, habitées et visitées : Les exemples contrastés de Fès et de Tunis
Authors: Lanchet Walter 
Published: October 2016

Medinas that are inherited, inhabited and visited
Heritage concerns are taking on different forms in Fès and in Tunis. In Fès, the inhabitants of the medina have set themselves up as active promoters of the Fassi local heritage. In Tunis, institutionalization of the heritage has transformed the medina into a tourist area for an international market. Reinvented filiation here and a new type of colonization there.
Pauvreté et territoires : La diversité des situations régionales en France
Authors: Korsu Emre 
Published: October 2016

The poor in places of poverty in France
The poverty issue in France is back at the forefront of the public scene after a century of social policies. Unskilled young people, homeless individuals and non-European Union immigrants are increasingly becoming the new poverty-stricken characters. Degraded cities, abandoned industrial zones and depopulated country towns are just the visible manifestations of widespread precarity that is challenging the selective mechanisms of urban production.
Pauvreté commune et marché à la marge en Russie : Les conditions de logement dans la Russie urbaine des années 1990
Authors: Prokofieva Lidia , Grichanov Vladimir , Kortchagina Irina 
Published: October 2016

Sur la Russie urbaine des années 1990
Les inégalités de situations sociales se sont brusquement aggravées en Russie depuis la fin de l'ère soviétique. La propriété d'un logement de qualité est devenu en quelques années un indice majeur de richesse. Le contrôle public du marché immobilier introduit par les réformes récentes garantit cependant le droit au logement pour de nombreux ménages à faibles revenus.
Pauvreté, exclusion et territoires dans les sociétés modernes : Les limites des approches multinationales
Authors: Bergman Manfred Max 
Published: October 2016

Poverty, exclusion and territories,
The limits of international approaches
International experts have long used income indicators or financial resources as a basis for defining social poverty. The introduction of national, regional, or urban variables is reducing the relevance of models aggregated around economic values. Besides the increasing integration of cultural factors, scientific representations of poverty now converge towards contextualized, co-ordinated approaches to local exclusion processes.
L'Autre, là où on ne l'attendait pas : L'expérience d'une ville multiethnique, Montréal
Authors: Germain Annick 
Published: October 2016

Annick Germain The Other — not where expected
Montreal has long been a cluster of distinctive cultural groups, a multi-ethnic city. But since the 1990s, the number of immigrant countries of origin has increased considerably, at the same time as Quebec has claimed recognition of the fact. Ethnic groups assert themselves either by becoming involved in political life or by emphasizing their religious difference. Places of worship become established but non-members of the communities they emblematised put up resistance, particularly before the courts. A new pragmatic culture of urban co-existence seems necessary.
Le religieux et la reconnaissance : Formes symboliques et diaspora arménienne en France
Authors: Hovanessian Martine 
Published: October 2016

Symbolic Forms of the Armenian Diaspora in France
Religious belief, with its accompanying rites, constitutes one of the mainstays of Armenian identity in France. The Armenian Apostolic Church has, as a result, overcome political divisions within the diaspora. Along with the universal values of the Christian faith and the welcome accorded to deportees in urban areas, French cities' raising of monuments commemorating the Armenian people is a further factor of unity.
Laboratoires de l'État-providence industriel. Les villes nouvelles en RDA
Authors: Bernhardt Christoph 
Published: October 2016

Christoph Bernhardt A social model in an industrial environment
The New Towns in the German Democratic Republic
In the former Eastern Block nations, New Towns were designed as practical laboratories in the day to day building of the socialist nation. Their history remains that of large complexes of standardized buildings that momentarily satisfied the strong demand for housing and comfort close to major industries. In the German Democratic Republic, the popular enthusiasm for this model of a fully equipped city coexisted with criticism of its uniformity.
Vers un intérêt général transfrontalier ? Projets communs de part et d'autre de la frontière franco-allemande
Authors: Hamman Philippe 
Published: October 2016

Philippe Hamman, Towards a cross-border public interest ?
The growth in the movement of goods and people across the borders of France, Germany and Luxembourg in recent times has forged multiple links between local communities. Through these links, a cross-border public service is being designed. In this way, the public interest is being decentralised away from central government towards a common territorial good.
La question du pavillonnaire dans la société des individus. Aspirations habitantes et doctrines techniques
Authors: Genestier Philippe 
Published: October 2016

Philippe Genestier The issue of single-family houses in a
society of individuals
Residential aspirations and technical doctrines
Hostility to individual housing and urban sprawl is now constant and widespread among city planners. Yet demand for this type of housing remains extremely high and has not declined at all for several decades. That such a hiatus exists is because the issue of single-family houses has a political more than a planning role. The public authorities, which by local regulation and by financing access to ownership are encouraging a type of urban development they do not actually want, are exploiting the question of periurbanisation not for itself but for the chance it offers to reaffirm some general ideological principles. By using the centripetal cohesion of urban areas as a substitute and metaphor for the social cohesion maintained by the public institutions, MPs and central technocrats are trying to reaffirm the predominance of public order over social trends. But this is helping neither the debate on the way cities are developing, nor the debate on how to exert political control over a society of individuals.
Les ambivalences de l'individualisme contemporain. Fondations et charpentes urbaines de maisonnées intergénérationnelles
Authors: Némoz Sophie 
Published: October 2016

Sophie Némoz The pros and cons of contemporary individualism
Urban foundations and frameworks of interge-nerational households
While students are finding it increasingly difficult to find accommodation in large university towns, many elderly people are living alone in these same towns and have unoccupied rooms in their homes. From Madrid to Paris, local associations and programmes are interpreting this residential segregation, at the frontiers of two stages of life, as a contemporary expression of metropolitan individualism. To remedy it, they have been working for several years on «inter-generational accommodation». In this vein, the author creates new households for us of old and young, households of fellow citizens linked neither by joint tenancy or kinship and having nothing else in common. How can the search for autonomy paradoxically lead to the sharing of a home ? To find out, this research invites us to stay at the «student hostel», the «old people's residence» and the «neo-family gite».
Les professionnels et les usagers sont faits pour s'entendre. Les entrelacs entre habitants et professions de l'urbain (1960-2008)
Authors: Sallenave Christian 
Published: October 2016

Christian Sallenave Professionals and users are made for each other
The relationship between inhabitants and urban professionals (1960-2008)
The development of urban planning as a profession since 1960 and up to the present has been marked by competition between specialists and the fleeting hegemony of urban planning architects during periods of urban renewal and the construction of new towns. But the urban landscapes that have been developed, in response to public contracts primarily focused on quantity, have failed to meet the expectations of the users. Architects, urban planners and landscape designers now work together on new urban projects, on which local elected officials and users have the final decision.
Le plan général de reconstruction de Moscou de 1935. La ville, l'architecte et le politique. Héritages culturels et pragmatisme économique
Authors: Essaïan Élisabeth 
Published: October 2016

Conçu dans un régime politique où la mainmise de l'État sur la production fut, sinon complète, du moins très étendue, le plan général de reconstruction de Moscou de 1935 a été réalisé dans des ateliers de planification d'État et s'est appuyé sur des conditions foncières et immobilières uniques : l'absence de la propriété privée.
Ces cadres et conditions exceptionnels ont-ils pour autant rendu plus simple la réalisation de ce projet d'urbanisme ? Plus fidèle le passage du projet à l'objet ? Ont-ils conduit à l'émergence d'une forme urbaine spécifique ?
Sans remettre en cause le caractère exceptionnel de ce cadre de production, la thèse montre que ce projet d'urbanisme résulte également d'une négociation entre les acteurs politiques et les architectes et compose avec la matérialité et les usages de la ville existante.
Écovillage à Ithaca (USA) : récit de la formation croisée d’une communauté intentionnelle et de son habitat écologique (1990-1996)
Authors: Charvolin Florian 
Published: October 2016

Les écolieux sont depuis peu l’objet de nombreuses études de sociologie. Ils concernent des habitats financés par l’État, et rarement des communautés intentionnelles. À travers la genèse d’Écovillage à Ithaca, dans l’État de New York aux États-Unis, cet article se propose de montrer les enjeux et les choix contribuant à constituer une communauté de vie en même temps qu’un espace habité.
Ecovillage at Ithaca est un cas exemplaire de communauté intentionnelle ayant pris corps au fur et à mesure qu’était précisé le contenu opérationnel du projet : lieu d’implantation, modèle organisationnel, technique et financier, choix d’un développeur...
THE INTERMEDIATE LUMINOSITY OPTICAL TRANSIENT SN 2010DA: THE PROGENITOR, ERUPTION, AND AFTERMATH OF A PECULIAR SUPERGIANT HIGH-MASS X-RAY BINARY
Authors: Villar V. A. , Berger E. , Chornock R. , Margutti R. , Laskar T. , Brown P. J. , Blanchard P. K. , Czekala I. , Lunnan R. , Reynolds M. T. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We present optical spectroscopy, ultraviolet-to-infrared imaging, and X-ray observations of the intermediate luminosity optical transient (ILOT) SN 2010da in NGC 300 (d = 1.86 Mpc) spanning from −6 to +6 years relative to the time of outburst in 2010. Based on the light-curve and multi-epoch spectral energy distributions of SN 2010da, we conclude that the progenitor of SN 2010da is a ≈10–12 M
⊙ yellow supergiant possibly transitioning into a blue-loop phase. During outburst, SN 2010da had a peak absolute magnitude of M
bol ≲ −10.4 mag, dimmer than other ILOTs and supernova impostors. We detect multi-component hydrogen Balmer, Paschen, and Ca ii emission lines in our high-resolution spectra, which indicate a dusty and complex circumstellar environment. Since the 2010 eruption, the star has brightened by a factor of ≈5 and remains highly variable in the optical. Furthermore, we detect SN 2010da in archival Swift and Chandra observations as an ultraluminous X-ray source (L
X ≈ 6 × 1039 erg s−1). We additionally attribute He ii 4686 Å and coronal Fe emission lines in addition to a steady X-ray luminosity of ≈1037 erg s−1 to the presence of a compact companion.
GENERALIZED SIMILARITY FOR ACCRETION/DECRETION DISKS
Authors: Rafikov Roman R. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Decretion (or external) disks are gas disks freely expanding to large radii due to their internal stresses. They are expected to naturally arise in tidal disruption events, around Be stars, in mass-losing post-main-sequence binaries, as a result of supernova fallback, etc. Their evolution is theoretically understood in two regimes: when the central object does not exert torque on the disk (a standard assumption for conventional accretion disks) or when no mass inflow (or outflow) occurs at the disk center. However, many astrophysical objects—circumbinary disks, Be stars, neutron stars accreting in a propeller regime, etc.—feature non-zero torque simultaneously with the non-zero accretion (or ejection of mass) at the disk center. We provide a general description for the evolution of such disks (both linear and nonlinear) in the self-similar regime, to which the disk should asymptotically converge with time. We identify a similarity parameter λ, which is uniquely related to the degree, to which the central mass accretion is suppressed by the non-zero central torque. The known decretion disk solutions correspond to the two discrete values of λ, while our new solutions cover a continuum of its physically allowed values, corresponding to either accretion or mass ejection by the central object. A direct relationship between λ and central

and torque is also established. We describe the time evolution of the various disk characteristics for different λ, and show that the observable properties (spectrum and luminosity evolution) of the decretion disks, in general, are different from the standard accretion disks with no central torque.
De la dette au sale boulot : exploitation des ressources humaines et naturelles
Authors: Illouz Charles 
Published: October 2016

Cet article traite de la prédation des ressources humaines et naturelles en différents lieux de la planète. À partir de deux exemples géographiquement très distants, le Brésil et l’Indonésie. Il décrit des rapports sociaux de production articulés sur une dette marchande et caractérisés par l’exploitation d’une main d’œuvre vulnérable avec pour corolaire la destruction d’un milieu naturel. La pertinence théorique de la notion de « dette écologique » pour déterminer les responsabilités du désastre écologique sera préalablement discutée.