bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: On the Adaptability of 1/1 Cubic Approximant Structure in the Mg—Al—Zn System with the Particular Example of Mg32Al12Zn37.
Authors: Montagne Pierre , Tillard Monique 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMg32Al12Zn37 single crystals are obtained from the elements (Ta tube in stainless steel jacket, 800 °C, 16 h; 10 °C/h cooling rate).
Aggregate aufgelöst
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: December 2015

AbstractKatarakte in der Augenlinse (Grauer Star) entstehen durch Aggregation und Ausfällung von normalerweise löslichen Eiweißmolekülen. Durch Aufklärung der Mechanismen von genetisch bedingten Veranlagungen zu vorzeitiger Kataraktbildung konnten Forscher in China nun eine körpereigene Substanz aufspüren, welche die Aggregatbildung nicht nur verhindern, sondern sogar rückgängig machen kann.
Influence of the Metal Ions on the Allylic Rearrangement Reaction of 3,4,5,6‐Tetrahydrophthalic Anhydride
Authors: Pang Yuanchao , Zheng Yanzhen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTo further investigate the influence of metal ions on the allylic rearrangement of 3,4,5,6‐tetrahydrophthalic anhydride during the hydrothermal reaction, metal ions such as manganese(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) have been employed in the synthesis, which leads to the formation of three new lamellar coordination polymers, [MnII5(µ3‐OH)3(1‐chec)(1,2‐chedc)(2,3‐chedc)2(H2O)] (3Mn), [ZnII5(µ3‐OH)3(1‐chec)(1,2‐chedc)(2,3‐chedc)2(H2O)] (4Zn), and [CdII3(µ3‐OH)2(1,2‐chedc)2] (5Cd) (1‐chec=cyclohexene‐1‐carboxylate, 1,2‐chedc=cyclohexene‐1,2‐dicarboxylate, 2,3‐chedc=cyclohexene‐1,2‐dicarboxylate). Interestingly, the allylic rearrangement reaction is metal‐dependent, which occurs only in 3Mn and 4Zn, resulting in the formation of one chiral carbon atom of the corresponding dicarboxylate ligands in both compounds. In addition, the magnetic property of compound 3Mn was studied, which revealed strong antiferromagnetic interactions between the metal centers.
Graphene Nanoribbons from Tetraphenylethene‐Based Polymeric Precursor: Chemical Synthesis and Application in Thin‐Film Field‐Effect Transistor
Authors: Ma Ji , Zhu Haoyun , Huang Wei , Lin Tingting , Pan Xiaoyong , Wang Weizhi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGraphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with a non‐zero bandgap are regarded as a promising candidate for the fabrication of electronic devices. In this study, large‐scale solution synthesis of narrow GNRs was firstly achieved by the intramolecular cyclodehydrogenation of kinked tetraphenylethene (TPE) polymer precursors prepared by A2B2‐type Suzuki‐Miyaura polymerization. After the cyclization reaction, the nanoribbons have a better conjugation than the twisted polymer precursor, resulting in obvious red shift in UV/vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The efficient formation of conjugated nanoribbons was also investigated by Raman, FTIR spectroscopy, and microscopic studies. Furthermore, such structurally well‐defined GNRs have been successfully developed for top‐gated field‐effect transistor (FET) by directly solution processing. The AFM images show that the prepared‐GNRs thin films form crystalline fibrillar intercalating networks, which can effectively facilitate the charge transport. These FET devices with ion‐gel gate dielectrics exhibit low‐voltage operation (<5 V) with excellent mobility up to 0.41 cm2·V−1·s−1 and an on‐off ratio of 3×104, thus opening up new opportunities for flexible GNRs‐based electronic devices.
A Facile Method to Prepare Three‐Dimensional Fe2O3/Graphene Composites as the Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Jifeng , Zhou Anan , Huang Zhifeng , Li Lei , Bai Hua 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMetal oxides comprise an important class of electrode materials for supercapacitors. In this paper, we report the preparation of three‐dimensional (3D) Fe2O3/chemically converted graphene composites and their application in supercapacitors. The composites are synthesized via a one‐step reaction between graphene oxide and Fe2+ at a mild condition. During the reaction graphene oxide sheets are reduced and self‐assemble into a 3D network, while Fe2+ is converted into Fe2O3 and deposited onto the graphene network. This structure facilitates the diffusion of the electrolyte and the electron transfer between Fe2O3 and the current collector, thus endows the composites with high capacitive performance. A high specific capacitance of 264 F·g−1 (2.5 A·g−1) at the working potential of 0–−1 V vs. saturated calomel electrode is achieved on the Fe2O3/chemically converted graphene composites. Meanwhile, the composites show good cycling stability, with capacitance retention of 95.7% after 5000 cycles. This work provides a facile method to fabricate cathode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors.
Effects of anatomical differences on electromagnetic fields, SAR, and temperature change
Authors: Alon Leeor , Deniz Cem M. , Carluccio Giuseppe , Brown Ryan , Sodickson Daniel K. , Collins Christopher M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTElectromagnetic field simulations are increasingly used to assure RF safety of patients during MRI exams. In practice, however, tissue property distribution of the patient being imaged is not known, but may be represented with a pre‐existing model. Repeatedly, agreement in transmit magnetic (
) field distributions between two geometries has been used to suggest agreement in heating distributions. Here we examine relative effects of anatomical differences on
distribution, specific absorption rate (SAR), and temperature change (ΔT). Numerical simulations were performed for a single surface coil positioned adjacent a homogeneous phantom and bovine phantom, each with slight geometric variations, and adjacent two different human body models. Experimental demonstration was performed on a bovine phantom using MR thermometry and
mapping. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that
distributions in different samples can be well correlated, while notable difference in maximum SAR and ΔT occur. This work illustrates challenges associated with utilizing simulations or experiments for RF safety assurance purposes. Reliance on
distributions alone for validation of simulations and/or experiments with a sample or subject for assurance of safety in another should be performed with caution. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 46B: 8–18, 2016
Fixed Energy Universality for Generalized Wigner Matrices
Authors: Bourgade Paul , Erdős Laszlo , Yau Horng‐Tzer , Yin Jun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe prove the Wigner‐Dyson‐Mehta conjecture at fixed energy in the bulk of the spectrum for generalized symmetric and Hermitian Wigner matrices. Previous results concerning the universality of random matrices either require an averaging in the energy parameter or they hold only for Hermitian matrices if the energy parameter is fixed. We develop a homogenization theory of the Dyson Brownian motion and show that microscopic universality follows from mesoscopic statistics.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
Authors: Tanai Edit , Frantz Stefan 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTHeart failure is considered an epidemic disease in the modern world affecting approximately 1% to 2% of adult population. It presents a multifactorial, systemic disease, in which–‐after cardiac injury‐–structural, neurohumoral, cellular, and molecular mechanisms are activated and act as a network to maintain physiological functioning. These coordinated, complex processes lead to excessive volume overload, increased sympathetic activity, circulation redistribution, and result in different, parallel developing clinical signs and symptoms. These signs and symptoms sum up to an unspecific clinical picture; thus invasive and noninvasive diagnostic tools are used to get an accurate diagnosis and to specify the underlying cause. The most important, outcome determining factor in heart failure is its constant progression. Constant optimizing of pharmatherapeutical regimes, novel targets, and fine regulation of these processes try to keep these compensatory mechanisms in a physiological range. Beside pharmacological therapy, interventional and surgical therapy options give new chances in the management of heart failure. For the optimization and establishment of these and novel therapeutical approaches, complete and comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms is essentially needed. Besides diagnosis and treatment, efforts should be made for better prevention in heart failure by treatment of risk factors, or identifying and following risk groups. This summary of the pathophysiology of heart failure tries to give a compact overview of basic mechanisms and of the novel unfolding, progressive theory of heart failure to contribute to a more comprehensive knowledge of the disease. © 2016 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol6:187‐214, 2016.
Glucose Transporters in Cardiac Metabolism and Hypertrophy
Authors: Shao Dan , Tian Rong 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe heart is adapted to utilize all classes of substrates to meet the high‐energy demand, and it tightly regulates its substrate utilization in response to environmental changes. Although fatty acids are known as the predominant fuel for the adult heart at resting stage, the heart switches its substrate preference toward glucose during stress conditions such as ischemia and pathological hypertrophy. Notably, increasing evidence suggests that the loss of metabolic flexibility associated with increased reliance on glucose utilization contribute to the development of cardiac dysfunction. The changes in glucose metabolism in hypertrophied hearts include altered glucose transport and increased glycolysis. Despite the role of glucose as an energy source, changes in other nonenergy producing pathways related to glucose metabolism, such as hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and pentose phosphate pathway, are also observed in the diseased hearts. This article summarizes the current knowledge regarding the regulation of glucose transporter expression and translocation in the heart during physiological and pathological conditions. It also discusses the signaling mechanisms governing glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes, as well as the changes of cardiac glucose metabolism under disease conditions. © 2016 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol6:331‐351, 2016.
Glutathione Bioresponsive Cyclodextrin Nanosponges
Authors: Trotta Francesco , Caldera Fabrizio , Dianzani Chiara , Argenziano Monica , Barrera Giuseppina , Cavalli Roberta 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCyclodextrin‐based nanosponges are designed as new nanostructured material for drug delivery. In vitro and in vivo studies show that nanosponges can increase the effectiveness of anti‐cancer drugs encapsulated within their nanostructure. Reported is a new, cheap glutathione (GSH)‐responsive material easily obtained in high yield through a one‐step synthetic route. Effectiveness of this GSH‐responsive material was proved using several tumor cells and doxorubicin as model anticancer drug. The release of the drug was in according with the GSH content in tumor cells.
Synthesis of 2‐Phosphaindolizine and [1,3]Azaphospholo[1,5‐a]quin­oline
Authors: Hettstedt Christina , Mayer Robert J. , Martens Jörn F. , Linert Sarah , Karaghiosoff Konstantin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe reaction of (chloromethyl)dichlorophosphine (1) with 2‐[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]pyridine (6) and 2‐[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]quinoline (12) in THF affords unsubstituted parent 2‐phosphaindolizine (5) and [1,3]azaphospholo[1,5‐a]quinoline (7). Multinuclear low‐temperature NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the reaction mechanism; a cascade of substitution and cyclization steps involving transient picolylphosphines and phosphorus heterocycles was identified. The molecular and crystal structures of two heterocyclic intermediates and of 7 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, all intermediates and products were characterized by multinuclear 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
One‐Pot Transformation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids into N‐Alkylsuccin­imides with NIS and NCS/NaI
Authors: Nakai Yuhta , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPrimary aliphatic carboxylic acids were treated with N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS) in 1,2‐dichloroethane to form the corresponding alkyl iodides under warming conditions. Based on these results, those aliphatic carboxylic acids were treated with NIS, followed by the reaction with K2CO3 to give the corresponding N‐alkylsuccinimides in good yields in one pot. Moreover, those aliphatic carboxylic acids were treated with N‐chlorosuccinimide (NCS) and NaI, followed by the reaction with K2CO3 to provide the corresponding N‐alkylsuccinimides in good to moderate yields in one pot. By using the present method, successive treatment of primary aliphatic carboxylic acids (10 mmol) with NIS, K2CO3, and then hydrazine provided the corresponding decarboxylated primary amines in good yield.
Differential protein expression in the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis after diuron and alkylphenol exposures
Authors: Boulangé-Lecomte Céline , Rocher Béatrice , Cailleaud Kévin , Cosette Pascal , Legrand Eléna , Devreker David , Budzinski Hélène , Souissi Sami , Forget-Leray Joëlle 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Proteomics was used in the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis for screening of protein expression modifications induced by organic contaminants. The copepods were exposed in a continuous flow-through system for 86 h to environmentally relevant concentrations of contaminants representative of the pollution in the Seine Estuary (Haute-Normandie, France; diuron, 500 ng L−1; alkylphenol mixture, 1000 ng L−1). Proteome analysis of whole-body copepod extracts by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that the contaminants induced modifications in protein expression, with the highest quantitative variations occurring after diuron exposure. Specifically, 88 and 41 proteins were differentially expressed after diuron and alkylphenol treatments, respectively. After mass spectrometry analysis, 51 (diuron exposure) and 15 (alkylphenol exposure) proteins were identified. The identified proteins were potentially related to energy metabolism, cell growth, nervous signal conductivity, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress response, and antioxidant defense. The data suggest a massive general disturbance of physiological functions of E. affinis after diuron exposure, whereas alkylphenols induced an alteration of a few targeted physiological functions. The protein expression signatures identified after contaminant exposure deserve further investigation in terms of the development of novel potential biomarkers for water quality assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1860–1871. © 2015 SETAC
The comparative efficacy and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors in patients with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease: a Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Kobayashi Hisanori , Ohnishi Takashi , Nakagawa Ryoko , Yoshizawa Kazutake 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundComparative evidence for efficacy and safety of second‐generation cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) is still sparse.ObjectivesThe purpose of this research is to compare three ChEIs, donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine, in patients with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review for published articles and included randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials and head‐to‐head randomised trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of ChEIs in patients with AD. We examined Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale (ADAS‐Cog), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Clinician's Interview‐Based Impression of Change plus caregiver's input (CIBIC+) and Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC) as efficacy endpoints. Withdrawals due to adverse events and number of patients experiencing nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and dizziness were examined as safety profiles. Network meta‐analyses were sequentially performed for efficacy and safety outcomes based on drug/dose treatment conditions.ResultsAmong the 21 trials included, network meta‐analysis showed that all treatments were significantly more efficacious than placebo in cognition measured by ADAS‐Cog. All treatments except galantamine were significantly more efficacious than placebo in global change in CIBIC+ or CGIC. Across all conditions, no significant efficacy was observed in neuropsychiatric symptoms measured by NPI. Derived hierarchies in the efficacy of treatment conditions were variables across efficacy and safety.ConclusionsOur analysis is the first attempt to incorporate available direct and indirect evidence. The results suggest that ChEIs should have significant efficacy for cognition and global change assessment, but the efficacy on neuropsychiatric symptoms is questionable in patients with mild‐to‐moderate AD.
Profilometry: A new statistical framework for the characterization of white matter pathways, with application to multiple sclerosis
Authors: Dayan Michael , Monohan Elizabeth , Pandya Sneha , Kuceyeski Amy , Nguyen Thanh D. , Raj Ashish , Gauthier Susan A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAims: describe a new “profilometry” framework for the multimetric analysis of white matter tracts, and demonstrate its application to multiple sclerosis (MS) with radial diffusivity (RD) and myelin water fraction (MWF). Methods: A cohort of 15 normal controls (NC) and 141 MS patients were imaged with T1, T2 FLAIR, T2 relaxometry and diffusion MRI (dMRI) sequences. T1 and T2 FLAIR allowed for the identification of patients having lesion(s) on the tracts studied, with a special focus on the forceps minor. T2 relaxometry provided MWF maps, while dMRI data yielded RD maps and the tractography required to compute MWF and RD tract profiles. The statistical framework combined a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) both accounting for age and gender, with multiple comparison corrections. Results: In the single‐case case study the profilometry visualization showed a clear departure of MWF and RD from the NC normative data at the lesion location(s). Group comparison from MANCOVA demonstrated significant differences at lesion locations, and a significant age effect in several tracts. The follow‐up LDA analysis suggested MWF better discriminates groups than RD. Discussion and conclusion: While progress has been made in both tract‐profiling and metrics for white matter characterization, no single framework for a joint analysis of multimodality tract profiles accounting for age and gender is known to exist. The profilometry analysis and visualization appears to be a promising method to compare groups using a single score from MANCOVA while assessing the contribution of each metric with LDA. Hum Brain Mapp 37:989–1004, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strontium Ranelate Reduces the Fracture Incidence in a Growing Mouse Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Shi Changgui , Hu Bo , Guo Lei , Cao Peng , Tian Ye , Ma Jun , Chen Yuanyuan , Wu Huiqiao , Hu Jinquan , Deng Lianfu , Zhang Ying , Yuan Wen 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic bone dysplasia characterized by brittle bones with increased fracture risk. Although current treatment options to improve bone strength in OI focus on antiresorptive bisphosphonates, controlled clinical trials suggest they have an equivocal effect on reducing fracture risk. Strontium ranelate (SrR) is a promising therapy with a dual mode of action that is capable of simultaneously maintaining bone formation and reducing bone resorption, and may be beneficial for the treatment of OI. In this study, SrR therapy was investigated to assess its effects on fracture frequency and bone mass and strength in an animal model of OI, the oim/oim mouse. Three-week-old oim/oim and wt/wt mice were treated with either SrR or vehicle (Veh) for 11 weeks. After treatment, the average number of fractures sustained by SrR-treated oim/oim mice was significantly reduced compared to Veh-treated oim/oim mice. Micro–computed tomographic (μCT) analyses of femurs showed that both trabecular and cortical bone mass were significantly improved with SrR treatment in both genotypes. SrR significantly inhibited bone resorption, whereas bone formation indices were maintained. Biomechanical testing revealed improved bone structural properties in both oim/oim and wild-type (wt/wt) mice under the treatment, whereas no significant effects on bone brittleness and material quality were observed. In conclusion, SrR was able to effectively reduce fractures in oim/oim mice by improving bone mass and strength and thus represents a potential therapy for the treatment of pediatric OI. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evaluation of an Automated Chemiluminescent Immunoassay in Typing Detection of IgG Antibodies Against Herpes Simplex Virus
Authors: Li Zhiyan , Yan Rong , Yan Cunling , Liu Ping , Feng Zhenru 
Published: December 2015

BackgroudHerpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV‐1 and HSV‐2) are common infectious agents worldwide and the primary infection of HSV remains a major problem in the pregnant women in China nowadays. At present, typing detection of HSV is mainly based on ELISA in China.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated the performance of a newly introduced chemiluminescent immunoassay assay (CLIA) for the determination of serum HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies.ResultsThe functional sensitivity of detecting HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 IgG were 0.7 Index and 0.6 Index, respectively. The repeatability and the total imprecision coefficient of variations were both below 10%, and the recoveries of these assays ranged from 90% to 110%. High concentration of hemoglobin, lipids, and bilirubin in samples did not affect the results. The infective rates of HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 were 919 (87.5%) and 169 (16.1%), respectively. HSV‐1 seroprevalence was significantly higher than that of HSV‐2 (P < 0.001).ConclusionCLIA is an excellent method for HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 IgG measurement and can be used as a routine screening test. The infective rate of HSV was pretty high among women before pregnancy or in the period of pregnancy in Beijing.
Detection of Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) in Human Serum Samples Using a Specific Monoclonal Antibody‐Based Sandwich Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Lv Zhiqiang , Shao Jing , Xu Ying , Luo Xiaohong , Zhang Yuming , Hu Yang , Zhang Wenji , Luo Shuhong , Fang Jianmin , Wang Ying , Duan Chaohui , Huang Ruopan 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThe human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) may have high specificity in the detection of malignant diseases, making the development of an immunoassay for HE4 essential.MethodsIn our study, a fusion gene was constructed encoded with the HE4 protein. This protein was then produced in the bacterial cells (Escherichia coli) and used to immunize mice in order to eventually generate hybridomas specific to HE4. The hybridoma supernatants were then screened, and four positive anti‐HE4 cell lines were selected. These cell lines produce monoclonal antibodies against HE4 epitopes, as demonstrated in the Western blot as well as by direct enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using the developed antibodies, we successfully identified several good antibody pairs from the hybridomas, which allowed for the development of a sandwich ELISA to measure HE4 levels. By using the HE4 ELISA, we measured HE4 levels of 60 clinical human serum samples.ResultsCompared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved kit (Roche), our results showed a strong positive correlation to those of the FDA‐approved kit.ConclusionsIn summary, highly sensitive antibody pairs were screened against HE4, and a sandwich ELISA was developed as an accurate analytical tool for the detection of HE4 in human serum, which could be especially valuable for diagnosing ovarian carcinomas.