bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GODS AND GHOST-LIGHT: ANCIENT EGYPT, ELECTRICITY, AND X-RAYS
Authors: Dobson Eleanor 
Published: February 2017

In 1892 the celebrated physicistand chemist William Crookes commented on the existence of “an almost infinite range of ethereal vibrations or electrical rays,” which he believed could revolutionize telegraphic communications (174). A few years later, and aided by Crookes's experiments with vacuums, the German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen successfully produced X-rays, a hitherto unrecorded form of electromagnetic radiation, which he tantalizingly described as “a new kind of invisible light” (Röntgen 413; Warner 256). Crookes was quick to speculate as to “the possibility of links between roentgen rays and the cerebral ganglia,” that an undiscovered organ in the brain might be “capable of transmitting and receiving . . . electrical rays” (Lyons 105; Crookes 176). X-rays, he thought, might prove a psychic counterpart to higher wavelength radio waves, allowing the transmission of messages telepathically rather than telegraphically, and even communication with the world of the spirits (Lyons 105). Crookes theorized that the parapsychological was intimately entwined with the findings of contemporary physics, occupying different zones of the same electromagnetic spectrum. An ardent Spiritualist, he believed that the ether, the “impalpable, invisible entity, by which all space is supposed to be filled” and which contained countless “channels of communication” also sustained “ghost-light . . . invisible to the naked eye” and acted as a medium that allowed “ethereal bodies to rise up” (Crookes 174; Warner 253–56). In other words, the matter through which light and electrical signals passed was envisaged as the same substance which allowed the spirits to fluctuate between visible and invisible forms. These links between the electromagnetic field and the occult, endorsed by Crookes and certain other members of his circles such as the Society for Psychical Research, anticipated turn-of-the-century associations between electricity, radiation and ancient Egypt which, through its reputation as the birthplace of magic, was central to Victorian conceptions of the supernatural.
Analyzing Fresh Vegetable Consumption From Household Survey Data
Authors: Reynolds Anderson 
Published: February 2017

Abstract To analyze fresh vegetable consumption using household survey data, the tobit model and a more flexible parameterization to the tobit model—the “double hurdle” model—were considered. Based on the likelihood ratio test, the tobit model was rejected against the “double hurdle” specification. Moreover, the results suggest that the tobit model underestimated the impact of the explanatory variables on fresh vegetable expenditures. Other results indicate that total food expenditures (proxy for income), age, household composition, sex, race, marital status, urbanization, region, and seasonality are all important determinants of fresh vegetable expenditures.
Generalized Stochastic Dominance: An Empirical Examination
Authors: McCarl Bruce A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract Use of generalized stochastic dominance (GSD) requires one to place lower and upper bounds on the risk aversion coefficient. This study showed that breakeven risk aversion coefficients found assuming the exponential utility function delineate the places where GSD preferences switch between prospects. However, between these break points, multiple, overlapping GSD intervals can be found. Consequently, when one does not have risk aversion coefficient information, discovery of breakeven coefficients instead of GSD use is recommended. The investigation also showed GSD results are insensitive to wealth and data scaling but are sensitive to rounding.
Estimating The Value of the 0/92 Reduced Planting Alternatives of the 1985 Farm Bill For Farm Program Participants
Authors: Thompson Troy N. , Knight Thomas O. , Boren Billy D. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract The 50/92 and 0/92reduced planting alternativestives of the 1985 farm bill allow farm program participants more flexibility in making production decisions. Specifically, these provisions relax the incentive to produce inherent in earlier commodity programs that linked deficiency payments directly to harvested acreage. This study examined the value of this additional decision flexibility for crop producers in the Blacklands of Central Texas. The results suggest that the reduced planting alternatives would not be used by, and have no value for risk neutral producers, but have substantial value for risk averse producers who would reduce planted acreage in years when yield expectations are low.
Economic Analysis of Alfalfa Integrated Management Practices
Authors: Ward Clement E. , Dowdy Alan K. , Berberet Richard C. , Stritzke Jimmie F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntegrated pest management (IPM) initially focused on insect pest control. More recently, IPM encompasses a broader concept of management, one which crosses several disciplinary boundaries. This article reports results of research dealing with four integrated management decisions for alfalfa (cultivar selection, inset control, weed control, and end-of-season harvest options).
Effects of Generic Advertising on Perceptions and Behavior: The Case of Catfish
Authors: Kinnucan Henry W. , Venkateswaran Meenakshi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn eight-equation partially-recursive econometric model is specified to indicate the effects of catfish advertising on product awareness, beliefs, attitude and consumption. Results indicate the ad campaign in its first year (i) increased consumers' awareness of farm-raised catfish 15 percent, (ii) improved consumers' perceptions of and attitude toward catfish 3 to 6 percent, and (iii) increased at-home and restaurant purchases of catfish 12 to 13 percent. The response to the ad campaign is broken down into an “attitude effect” and a “reminder effect” to determine the relative behavioral importance of the affective and cognitive components of the ad copy. Model simulations suggest primacy of the reminder effect, implying the factual content of the ads had less impact on behavior than the mere presence of the ads.
A Case Study of Timeliness in the Selection of Risk-Efficient Machinery Complements
Authors: Wetzstein Michael E. , Musser Wesley N. , McClendon Ronald W. , Edwards David M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract The importance of timeliness is investigated in the selection of machinery complements for double-crop wheat and soybean production in the southeastern coastal plain. An intertemporal stochastic simulation model was developed to generate probability distributions that were evaluated with stochastic dominance analysis. This research investigated the importance of intertemporal production linkages and inadequate soil moisture on machinery selection. Failure to include these dimensions can result in erroneous machinery choices.
Effect of the 1985 Farm Bill Provisions on Farmers' Soil Conservation Decisions
Authors: Gillespie Jeffrey M. , Hatch L. Upton , Duffy Patricia A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract Conservation initiatives in the 1985 Farm Bill affected farmers' decisions regarding soil conservation. A farmer survey was conducted and a multi-period mixed-integer programming model was developed to determine an optimal farm plan with choices of crop-tillage combinations and land retirement Results indicate that farmers' incentives to reduce soil loss in the Sand Mountain region in Alabama are not substantially affected by provisions of the 1985 Farm Bill. The bid price for the Conservation Reserve Program will have to be considerably higher than 1988 levels to provide an incentive to remove land from production.
Simulating Impact of Pecan Storage Technology on Farm Price and Growers' Income
Authors: Florkowski W. J. , Xi-Ling Wu 
Published: February 2017

Abstract Pecan growers can increase income by storing pecans if economically feasible storage technology is available. The marginal conditions under which growers would store pecans were derived. Revenue changes due to storage and impact of storage on price variations were simulated, suggesting the price that growers could pay for new storage technology.
Introduction and Overview of the Real World Management of Schizophrenia in the Comorbid Patient
Authors: Citrome Leslie 
Published: February 2017

Simone is a 64-year-old African American female with a 25-year history of schizophrenia who had been hospitalized ∼10 times. Simone's last psychiatric hospitalization occurred 2 years prior to this presentation. She had been living in a supervised residence facility in a rural community with other patients and was generally adherent to her medications with encouragement by staff at her residence. Her psychotic symptoms had improved but had not disappeared. She continued to have persistent delusions that the Federal Bureau of Investigation was keeping her under surveillance because of information she supposedly had about national security. She continued to smoke 1 pack of cigarettes/day despite being told that she was developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. She stopped abusing alcohol, principally because of a lack of funds and lack of access to a liquor store. Simone was obese, with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2. She was hypertensive, with a blood pressure of 140 over 95, and had mild abnormalities in her metabolic variables. She enjoyed fatty foods and never refused a meal.Simone's case is not an unusual presentation for someone with schizophrenia. Psychiatric and somatic comorbidities in patients with schizophrenia are quite common. There is justifiable concern regarding long-term impact of treatments on metabolic variables, and metabolic comorbidities are often encountered.
Schizophrenia and Respiratory Symptoms: A Serious, but Overlooked, Comorbidity
Authors: Weiden Peter J. , Weiden Michael 
Published: February 2017

Mr. A is 24 years of age with a history of schizophrenia (Slide 1). He has been living with his parents and has been ill for a few years. Police saw him on the street in a state of crisis and brought him to the emergency room (ER). He was very anxious and his delusions of being in great physical danger had worsened. He reported a history of asthma, but it was noted that his asthma occurred a long time ago and was inactive; however, due to his anxiety, his smoking had increased to where it was continuous. At the time he was brought to the ER, Mr. A was triaged to psychiatry and became agitated in the waiting area; hence, security was called. He was about to be restrained and given an intramuscular dose (IM) of lorazepam, but the psychiatrist noted that he was having trouble breathing and stopped the IM before it was given. The psychiatrist noticed that Mr. A was wheezing, had a rapid respiratory rate of 25/minute, was tachycardic, and sweating. His pulse oximeter measurement was 90% saturated, which is considered low.Mr. A was re-interviewed and reported that he previously had asthma. His parents were contacted and agreed that he had active asthma, had stopped his psychiatric treatment several months ago, and, more recently, stopped his asthma medications when his prescriptions were not refilled ∼1 week prior to this episode. An emergency arterial blood gas showed a pH of acidosis at 7.27; a Po2 of 60 (normal is 80); and a Pco2 of 48 (normal is 40). The Pco2 was of particular concern because if he was retaining CO2, respiratory failure was imminent.
Analysis of the Effect of Desvenlafaxine on Anxiety Symptoms Associated with Major Depressive Disorder: Pooled Data from 9 Short-Term, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials
Authors: Tourian Karen A. , Jiang Qin , Ninan Philip T. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBackground: This analysis evaluated the effects of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, desvenlafaxine (administered as desvenlafaxine succinate), on anxiety symptoms associated with depression.Methods: Data were pooled from 9 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 8 week studies of desvenlafaxine (50-400 mg/day, fixed or flexible dose) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), without a primary anxiety diagnosis. Changes from baseline in scores on the anxiety/somatization factor of the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D17) and on the Covi Anxiety Scale at the final evaluation (last observation carried forward) were compared between desvenlafaxine and placebo groups using analysis of covariance.Results: In the overall data set (intent to treat n=2,913 [desvenlafaxine, n=1,805; placebo, n=1,108]), desvenlafaxine was associated with significantly greater reductions compared with placebo in scores on the HAM-D17 anxiety/somatization factor (-3.41 vs -2.92, P<.001) and Covi Anxiety Scale (-1.35 vs -1.04, P<.001). In the subset of fixed-dose studies, significant differences were observed for all dose groups on the HAM-D17 anxiety/somatization factor (P≤.OH), and for the 50, 100, and 200 mg/day dose groups on the Covi Anxiety Scale (all P≤.015 vs placebo).Conclusions: Desvenlafaxine was associated with significantly greater improvement in anxiety symptoms compared with placebo in patients with MDD.
Adjunctive Atypical Antipsychotics in Medication-Resistant Depression
Authors: Nelson J. Craig 
Published: February 2017

Conventional antipsychotics have a substantial literature of >30 placebo-controlled studies supporting their use in depression. Reports describing the use of antipsychotic treatment in depression appeared as early as 1959. In the 1970s, combination products of perphenazine and amitrip-tyline were quite popular. Antipsychotic agents were effective for selected symptoms or in selected patients; yet, these agents were not viewed as “true” antidepressants, perhaps because of their lack of effects on loss of interest. The use of antipsychotics in patients with nonpsychotic depression declined rapidly in the 1980s when tardive dyskinesia (TD) surfaced as a potential adverse effect of this class of medications. Depressed patients were thought to be at increased risk. Interest in the potential utility of antipsychotics in depression resurfaced with the availability of the second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), which possess a considerably lower risk for TD.Most of the SGAs are inhibitors of the serotonin (5-HT)2A receptor and the dopamine (D)2 receptor. In fact, the ratio of these effects has been considered one attribute of an SGA. The SGAs have a variety of other receptor actions that might contribute to antidepressant effects but which vary substantially among the drugs. These include agonist effects at the 5-HT1A serotonin receptor, inhibition of the 5-HT2C receptor, and partial D2 agonism of aripiprazole (Slide 1). In addition, ziprasidone blocks 5-HT and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake and the metabolite of quetiapine has NE reuptake blocking effects.
Relative impacts of health and obesity on US household servings of fruits and vegetables
Authors: Briz Teresa , Ward Ronald W. , Ortega Leonardo E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDiscrete choice models estimated over a large household database, show the impacts of demographics, household behavior, health status, obesity issues and prices on household servings of fruits and vegetables. These impacts are ranked from the most to least effects on daily servings. A major result is the importance of obesity and calorie issues relative to other major demand drivers.
Effect of host plants on predation, prey preference and switching behaviour of Orius albidipennis on Bemisia tabaci and Tetranychus turkestani
Authors: Banihashemi Aida Samim , Seraj Ali Asghar , Yarahmadi Fatemeh , Rajabpour Ali 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe anthocorid bugOrius albidipennisReuter is a generalist predator that feeds on the whiteflyBemisia tabaciGennadius and the strawberry spider miteTetranychus turkestaniUgarov &amp; Nikolski in greenhouse crops. There are no previous studies on the potential efficacy of the predatory bug against these pests on greenhouse crops. We report on the efficacy and the prey preference of the predator to control these pests on different host plants under laboratory conditions. In a laboratory experiment, we estimated the predation rates ofO. albidipennisat different densities of each prey after 24 h on cucumber and sweet pepper leaves. Predation rates of the predatory bug toT. turkestaniandB. tabaciwere significantly higher on sweet pepper leaf than on cucumber leaf. We studied the effect of plant species on prey preference and switching ofO. albidipennistoB. tabaciandT. turkestaniusing Manly'sαindex values and Murdoch's no-switch line, respectively. Our results show thatO. albidipennisprefersT. turkestanitoB. tabacion both host plants but its preference forT. turkestanion sweet pepper is significantly greater than on cucumber. Moreover, on sweet pepper, preference values are completely fitted by Murdoch's no-switch line. The findings suggest that morphological defence traits of plants, such as hairy leaves of cucumber, may effectively change prey preference and reduce predation success ofO. albidipennis.
An Analysis of (Dis)Ordered Categories, Thresholds, and Crossings in Difference and Divide-by-Total IRT Models for Ordered Responses
Authors: García-Pérez Miguel A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThreshold parameters have distinct referents across models for ordered responses. In difference models, thresholds are trait levels at which responding beyond category k is as likely as responding at or below it; in divide-by-total models, thresholds are trait levels at which responding in category k is as likely as responding in category k – 1. Thus, thresholds in divide-by-total models (but not in difference models) are the crossings of the option response functions for consecutive categories. Thresholds in difference models are always ordered but they may inconsequentially yield ordered or disordered crossings. In contrast, assimilation of thresholds and crossings in divide-by-total models questions category order when crossings are disordered. We analyze these aspects of difference and divide-by-total models, their relation to the order of response categories, and the consequences of collapsing categories to instate ordered crossings under divide-by-total models. We also show that item parameters in models for ordered responses can never contradict the pre-assumed order of categories and that the empirical order can only be established using a polytomous model that does not assume ordered categories, although this often gives rise to spurious outcomes. Practical implications for scale development are discussed.
Strong tunable absorption enhancement in graphene using dielectric-metal core-shell resonators
Authors: Wan Mingjie , Li Yan , Chen Jiawei , Wu Wenyang , Chen Zhuo , Wang Zhenlin , Wang Huitian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe theoretically investigate light absorption by a graphene monolayer that is coated on the outside of dielectric-metal core-shell resonators (DMCSRs). We demonstrate that light absorption of graphene can be greatly enhanced in such multi-layered core-shell architectures as a result of the excitation of the hybridized bonding plasmon resonance supported by the DMCSRs. We also demonstrate that the absorption enhancement in graphene can be easily tuned over a wide range from the visible to the near-infrared, and particularly the enhancement factor can be optimally maximized at any selective wavelength, by simultaneously varying the dielectric core size and the metal shell thickness. Our results suggest that the graphene-wrapped DMCSRs with strong and highly wavelength-tunable absorption enhancement in graphene could be attractive candidates for applications in graphene-based photodetectors and image sensors.
The microbe-secreted isopeptide poly-γ-glutamic acid induces stress tolerance in Brassica napus L. seedlings by activating crosstalk between H2O2 and Ca2+
Authors: Lei Peng , Pang Xiao , Feng Xiaohai , Li Sha , Chi Bo , Wang Rui , Xu Zongqi , Xu Hong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPoly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a microbe-secreted isopeptide that has been shown to promote growth and enhance stress tolerance in crops. However, its site of action and downstream signaling pathways are still unknown. In this study, we investigated γ-PGA-induced tolerance to salt and cold stresses in Brassica napus L. seedlings. Fluorescent labeling of γ-PGA was used to locate the site of its activity in root protoplasts. The relationship between γ-PGA-induced stress tolerance and two signal molecules, H2O2 and Ca2+, as well as the γ-PGA-elicited signaling pathway at the whole plant level, were explored. Fluorescent labeling showed that γ-PGA did not enter the cytoplasm but instead attached to the surface of root protoplasm. Here, it triggered a burst of H2O2 in roots by enhancing the transcription of RbohD and RbohF, and the elicited H2O2 further activated an influx of Ca2+ into root cells. Ca2+ signaling was transmitted via the stem from roots to leaves, where it elicited a fresh burst of H2O2, thus promoting plant growth and enhancing stress tolerance. On the basis of these observation, we propose that γ-PGA mediates stress tolerance in Brassica napus seedlings by activating an H2O2 burst and subsequent crosstalk between H2O2 and Ca2+ signaling.
Vascular smooth muscle cell glycocalyx mediates shear stress-induced contractile responses via a Rho kinase (ROCK)-myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) pathway
Authors: Kang Hongyan , Liu Jiajia , Sun Anqiang , Liu Xiao , Fan Yubo , Deng Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are exposed to interstitial flow induced shear stress that may be sensed by the surface glycocalyx, a surface layer composed primarily of proteoglycans and glycoproteins, to mediate cell contraction during the myogenic response. We, therefore, attempted to elucidate the signal pathway of the glycocalyx mechanotransduction in shear stress regulated SMC contraction. Human umbilical vein SMCs (HUVSMCs) deprived of serum for 3–4 days were exposed to a step increase (0 to 20 dyn/cm2) in shear stress in a parallel plate flow chamber, and reduction in the cell area was quantified as contraction. The expressions of Rho kinase (ROCK) and its downstream signal molecules, the myosin-binding subunit of myosin phosphatase (MYPT) and the myosin light chain 2 (MLC2), were evaluated. Results showed that the exposure of HUVSMCs to shear stress for 30 min induced cell contraction significantly, which was accompanied by ROCK1 up-regulation, re-distribution, as well as MYPT1 and MLC activation. However, these shear induced phenomenon could be completely abolished by heparinase III or Y-27632 pre-treatment. These results indicate shear stress induced VSMC contraction was mediated by cell surface glycocalyx via a ROCK-MLC phosphatase (MLCP) pathway, providing evidence of the glycocalyx mechanotransduction in myogenic response.