bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milkweed restoration in the Midwest for monarch butterfly recovery: estimates of milkweeds lost, milkweeds remaining and milkweeds that must be added to increase the monarch population
Authors: Pleasants John 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

The loss of milkweeds in corn and soybean fields in the Midwest due to herbicide use has been implicated in the decline of the monarch butterfly population. In order to gauge the magnitude of the milkweed restoration effort necessary to compensate for this loss, it is necessary to know how many milkweeds have been lost and how many remain on the landscape.

I estimate that since 1999, 850 million milkweeds have been lost from corn and soybean fields. In addition, since 2008, over 11 million milkweeds have been lost from grasslands due to their conversion into cropland, an annual loss rate of about 2 million milkweeds.

Of the estimated 2.2 billion milkweeds present on the landscape in the Midwest in 1999, only 1.34 billion remained in 2014, a decline of almost 40%. But because each milkweed stem in an agricultural field averages 3.9 times more monarch eggs than a milkweed stem in non‐agricultural habitats, the potential monarch support capacity loss has been 71%.

A conservation goal of 6 ha of overwintering butterflies has been proposed. It is estimated that the current milkweed population could support about 3.2 ha under average weather conditions in the breeding season.

A total of 425 million milkweeds would need to be added to increase the monarch support capacity by just one more overwintering hectare and 1.6 billion would be needed to meet the 6 ha conservation goal. Thus, a massive milkweed restoration effort will be needed to produce a resilient monarch population.
Chikungunya fever: an emerging viral infection threatening North America and Europe
Authors: Handler Marc Z. , Handler Nancy S. , Stephany Matthew P. , Handler Glenn A. , Schwartz Robert A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSince the beginning of the twenty‐first century, there has been a rapid rise in the number of cases of chikungunya. Initially limited to islands of the southwestern Indian Ocean, the virus has spread across Africa and into the islands of the Caribbean. Cutaneous symptoms include a morbilliform eruption, hyperpigmented macules, and aphthae‐like ulcers. Patients often also experience fever and joint pain. We review the methods for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this increasingly prevalent virus now emerging more commonly in Europe and North America.
Treatment of 100 chronic thalassemic leg wounds by plasma‐rich platelets
Authors: Afradi Hojjat , Saghaei Yassaman , Kachoei Zohre A. , Babaei Vahid , Teimourian Shahram 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveThalassemia is a heterogeneous group of congenital hemoglobinopathies caused by mutations in the globin gene complex that result in an unbalanced globin synthesis. Unmatched globin chains bind to the cytosolic surface of red blood cell membrane where they cause oxidative damage that might in part be responsible for membrane weakness. The deformability of red blood cells and hypercoagulable state in thalassemic patients have been incriminated in leg ulcer formation, as this might cause ischemia to the skin and consequently friability and ulceration.MethodsPlatelet‐rich plasma (PRP) gel is considered an advanced wound therapy for chronic and acute wounds. PRP gel consists of cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, and a fibrin scaffold derived from a patient's blood. In this study, we treated 100 thalassemic leg wounds using PRP.ResultsThere was wound size reduction in patients after 4 weeks of treatment. In wounds with 2–3.5 cm2 surface area, complete closure happened after 12.5 weeks, 5–12 cm2 wounds completely closed after 13.2 weeks, and finally, 4.5–6 cm2 wounds healed completely after 14 weeks. None of the wounds reopened after 8 months of monitoring.ConclusionThis study will help extrapolation of the use of PRP for at least thalassemic leg wound treatment.
The Value Added by Trading Based on Valuation Criteria
Authors: Andreu Laura , Mateos Lydia , Sarto José Luis 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe investigate the value added by active mutual fund management by examining a comprehensive database of monthly trades of equity mutual funds because understanding how managers add value for their clients is important in the current context of a growing fraction of individual investors delegating their portfolio management to professional managers. We find that the value added by trading based on valuation criteria outperform trading decisions motivated by other reasons such as liquidity and taxes. This finding is obtained using both the measures previously proposed by financial literature as well as some refinements proposed here to evaluate the role of mutual funds' cash level as well as the interdependence between buying and selling decisions. In addition, mutual funds that trade based on valuation criteria more frequently outperform funds that follow this type of trading occasionally. The results are consistent with the notion that active mutual funds on average fail to outperform passive benchmarks and only a subset of funds have skilled managers.
Reclaiming Evangelism
Authors: Woods Philip 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper introduces approaches to reclaiming evangelism, noting the challenges and opportunities of our changing global context, and stressing the importance of authentic witness. The author draws on the Council for World Mission's work promoting the development of missional congregations as life‐affirming communities and its statement identifying six conversation threads (the absence of God; secularism; issues of identity; how we affirm life; the sources we use to shape and nurture our faith; and how we overcome fear and violence in our societies and in the world) that need to be developed on Christian witness in a pluralist world.
On the “Litany of Costlies” of the World Council of Churches: An Appeal for an Organizational Pilgrimage toward the Church as Moral Community
Authors: Sidorak Stephen J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis essay concerns itself with what Lewis S. Mudge described as “the church as moral community.” The trilogy of World Council of Churches’ documents entitled Costly Unity, Costly Commitment, and Costly Obedience are the primary source materials for rigorous and systematic reflection on the idea of the church as moral community. Reading this “litany of costlies” will deepen appreciation of the ecumenical significance of the idea of the church as moral community and inspire dedicated ecumenists to model it. Indeed, study of the ecclesiology and ethics process might have immediate, wider ecumenical implications. It could be a catalyst for creative organizational development in as many conciliar bodies that choose to practise the principles of building “the church as moral community.”
Practicing the Story: Equiping Congregations for Evangelism
Authors: Lewis Tracey 
Published: September 2016

Abstract“Evangelism” carries a lot of baggage! And many in our 21st‐century church feel that the baggage was packed by someone else and contains clothes that no longer fit or equip them for sharing the gospel with people and life in the present world. If evangelism is to find its place high on the agenda of our church of today, we need to enable Christian people to freely and honestly explore first, what it means to be people of the gospel now, and then, the message they have to share and how they will share it with the world today. Radical questions about our understandings of the gospel and purpose and practice in sharing it need to be asked, discussed, and explored with faith and courage in the many different contexts that Christian people are called to live and serve in. If the Christian church is to be faithful to the gospel and recognizing and growing the kingdom of God, then we must be listening to the discomfort within ourselves and our neighbours and open to the possibility of transformation. Can our Christian story, always a renewal movement, inspire that new thinking, sharing, and action that will reach the people we meet today?
Transforming Discipleship: Missiological Reflections
Authors: Bevans Stephen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough not explicitly tied, the terms “transforming” and “discipleship” relate directly to and fruitfully qualify each other in the most important recent documents in contemporary missiology. Together they frame a profoundly rooted and deeply relevant notion of discipleship that ties the personal commitment of Christians to the larger Christian communion, work for justice, and the very fabric of our evolving universe.
Evangelism from the Margins: Experiences of the Ironic in Evangelism in Cardiff, UK
Authors: Cruchley‐Jones Peter 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article arises from a presentation to the CWM/WCC Consultation, Explorations in Evangelism which took place in Sydney from 5 to 13 September 2015. There I shared the street art evangelism of my own congregation. However, in this article I want to explore how this street art evangelism is pointing us to the need for an appreciation of the ironic nature of evangelism, and consider evangelism from the margins. I explore this here as an aspect of the liberation missiology of the WCC's new ecumenical affirmation of mission: Together towards Life. But also show how it describes the historical roots of evangelism in the early church and captures the possibilities of evangelism now in a post‐Christian context like the UK. The article explores ideas and artwork as they invite an ironic appreciation of the countercultural nature of Christ's call to life, a call that questions the empires of Caesar and the church.
A goal programming approach to address the proposal selection problem: a case study of a clinical and translational science institute
Authors: Munoz David A. , Nembhard Harriet Black , Camargo Kate 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOne of the most challenging tasks faced by healthcare organizations is to properly allocate resources that support the accomplishment of their organizational strategy. This challenge is particularly pressing for healthcare organizations that provide funding through call for proposals processes. In this study, we propose a goal programming (GP) model for the proposal selection problem within a clinical and translational science institute (CTSI) in an academic institution. The proposed GP model seeks to formalize and operationalize the strategy and long‐term vision of the healthcare organization into the selection of a mix of proposals. A case study is presented to illustrate the practical use of the GP model. Additionally, this model was validated using real data from a recent call for proposal cycle at the Pennsylvania State University CTSI. The results provided a match on seven of the nine selected proposals from a pool of 24.
The Resource Basis of Magnetic Refrigeration
Authors: Gauß Roland , Homm Gert , Gutfleisch Oliver 
Published: September 2016

SummaryEmerging economies such as China and India are currently experiencing a “refrigeration revolution.” Energy spent for domestic cooling is expected to outreach that for heating worldwide over the course of the twenty‐first century. Magnetic refrigeration is an alternative cooling technology that works without gas‐based refrigerants and has the potential to be significantly more energy efficient. We evaluate to what extent the raw materials needed to produce this kind of technology on a mass‐market scale are critical in terms of demand and supply, thus identifying potential supply bottlenecks that might hinder the breakthrough of this promising technology. We assess the criticality of three promising magnetocaloric materials, that is, Gd5(SiGe)4, La(FeSi)13, and (MnFe)2P), as well as of Nd2Fe14B, as the candidate permanent magnet material to drive the cooling cycle. The Gd‐based alloys are disqualified as a mass‐market refrigerant in terms of resource criticality, whereas La‐ and Mn‐based alloys are much less problematic. Given the current state of technology and projected resource supply, Nd in Nd2Fe14B magnets would experience a significant bottleneck only at a later innovation stage, that is, when magnetic cooling technology would largely dominate the domestic refrigerator and air‐conditioning market.
Compositional mapping of bitumen using local electrostatic force interactions in atomic force microscopy
Authors: MAGONOV SERGEI , ALEXANDER JOHN , SURTCHEV MARKO , HUNG ALBERT M. , FINI ELHAM H. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryIn recent years, many researchers have investigated bitumen surface morphology, especially the so‐called bee‐like structures, in an attempt to relate the chemical composition and molecular conformation to bitumen micromechanics and ultimately performance properties. Even though recent studies related surface morphology and its evolution to stiffness and stress localization, the complex chemical nature of bitumen and its time‐ and temperature‐dependent properties still engender significant questions about the nature and origin of the observed morphological features and how they evolve due to exposure to various environmental and loading conditions. One such question is whether the observed surface features are formed from wax or from the coprecipitation of wax and asphaltene. Our prior work was mainly theoretical; it used density functional theory and showed that the coprecipitation theory may not stand, mainly because wax–asphaltene interactions are not thermodynamically favourable compared to wax–wax interactions. This paper presents a comprehensive approach based on experiments to study surface morphology of bitumen and conduct compositional mapping to shed light on the origin of the bee‐like surface morphological features. We used Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), with the main focus being on single‐pass detection and mapping of local electric properties, as a novel approach to enhance existing compositional mapping techniques. This method was found to be highly effective in differentiating various domains with respect to their polarity. The results of our study favour the hypothesis that the bee‐like features are mainly composed of wax, including a variety of alkanes.
Rapid Response Teams: Is it Time to Reframe the Questions of Rapid Response Team Measurement?
Authors: Salvatierra Gail G. , Bindler Ruth C. , Daratha Kenn B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this article is to present an overview of rapid response team (RRT) history in the United States, provide a review of prior RRT effectiveness research, and propose the reframing of four new questions of RRT measurement that are designed to better understand RRTs in the context of contemporary nursing practice as well as patient outcomes.Organizing ConstructRRTs were adopted in the United States because of their intuitive appeal, and despite a lack of evidence for their effectiveness. Subsequent studies used mortality and cardiac arrest rates to measure whether or not RRTs “work.” Few studies have thoroughly examined the effect of RRTs on nurses and on nursing practice.MethodsAn extensive literature review provided the background. Suppositions and four critical, unanswered questions arising from the literature are suggested.FindingsThe results of RRT effectiveness, which have focused on patient‐oriented outcomes, have been ambiguous, contradictory, and difficult to interpret. Additionally, they have not taken into account the multiple ways in which these teams have impacted nurses and nursing practice as well as patient outcomes.ConclusionsWhat happens in terms of RRT process and utilization is likely to have a major impact on nurses and nursing care on general medical and surgical wards. What that impact will be depends on what we can learn from measuring with an expanded yardstick, in order to answer the question, “Do RRTs work?”Clinical RelevanceEvidence for the benefits of RRTs depends on proper framing of questions relating to their effectiveness, including the multiple ways RRTs contribute to nursing efficacy.
Towards a new orientation: a qualitative longitudinal study of an intensive care recovery programme
Authors: Jensen Janet F , Overgaard Dorthe , Bestle Morten H , Christensen Doris F , Egerod Ingrid 
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe the patient experience of ICU recovery from a longitudinal perspective by analysing follow‐up consultations at three time‐points.BackgroundAfter a stay in the intensive care unit, patients risk physical and psychological problems during recovery. Follow‐up after intensive care has emerged to aid psychological recovery, and improve health‐related quality of life. More insight is needed into the mechanisms of intensive care recovery.DesignA descriptive multicenter longitudinal qualitative design.MethodsA subsample of 36 consultations with 12 patients strategically selected from a randomised controlled trial on intensive care recovery from 10 Danish intensive care units. Data were generated during an ICU recovery programme including three consultations (at 1–3, 4–5, 9–11 months). First consultation was face‐to‐face using patient photographs to aid memory. Second and third consultations were by telephone using reflection sheets to focus dialogue. Thematic analysis and narrative theory were used to explore mechanisms of recovery using audio‐recordings of consultations, patient photographs and reflection sheets as the sources of data.ResultsThe basic narrative of recovery was ‘toward a trajectory of new orientation’. This narrative contained the chronological narratives of being ‘at death's door’, ‘still not out of the woods’ and ‘on the road to recovery’. The road to recovery was described as downhill, steady‐state or progressive. New orientation was obtained in steady‐state or progressive recovery.ConclusionsThis study provides a contemporary understanding of the process of intensive care recovery. Recovery evolves through narratives of mortal danger, risk of relapse and moving forward towards a new orientation in life.Relevance to clinical practiceThese findings enable health care professionals to understand what patients experience during stages of recovery. This is important to improve health care professionals in the assessment of long‐term outcome, and management of patients after intensive care.
The seasonal importance of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D for bone mineral density in older women
Authors: Michaëlsson K. , Wolk A. , Byberg L. , Mitchell A. , Mallmin H. , Melhus H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of season when determining a serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (S‐25OHD) cut‐off level for optimal bone health is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the relative importance of S‐25OHD for bone mineral density (BMD) by season.MethodsA subcohort of 5002 Swedish women (mean age 68 years), randomly selected from a large population‐based longitudinal cohort study with repeat dietary and lifestyle information, was enrolled during 2003–2009 for a clinical examination, which included dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and collection of fasting blood samples. Categories of vitamin D status were determined by S‐25OHD (measured by HPLC‐MS/MS).ResultsIn samples collected during summer, we found a gradual increase in BMD of the total hip up to a S‐25OHD level of 40 nmol L−1 (6% of the cohort). In women with S‐25OHD concentrations below 30 nmol L−1 during summer, adjusted BMD was 11% lower [95% confidence interval (CI) 3–19] and in those with S‐25OHD levels of 30–40 nmol L−1 BMD was 6% lower (95% CI 1–11), compared with women with S‐25OHD levels above 80 nmol L−1. Low S‐25OHD concentrations during summer (<30 nmol L−1) were also associated with higher adjusted relative risk of osteoporosis (4.9; 95% CI 2.9–8.4) compared with concentrations above 80 nmol L−1. By contrast, no differences in mean BMD values between categories of S‐25OHD were found during winter.ConclusionsSummer concentrations of S‐25OHD appear to be the most useful to predict BMD, whereas winter levels have limited value. To determine a S‐25OHD cut‐off level for vitamin D deficiency, it may be necessary to take into account the season of blood collection.
Response of lactating dairy cows to degree of steam‐flaked barley grain in low‐forage diets
Authors: Safaei Kh. , Ghorbani G. R. , Alikhani M. , Sadeghi ‐ Sefidmazgi A. , Yang W. Z. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of processing method (grinding vs. steam flaking) and increasing densities of steam‐flaked barley grain on dry matter intake (DMI), rumen pH and fermentation characteristics, digestibility of dry matter in the total digestive tract (DDTT), and milk production of dairy cows. Eight multiparous mid‐lactation Holstein cows averaging 103 ± 24 DIM, 44.5 ± 4.7 kg milk/day and weighing 611 ± 43 kg at the start of the experiment were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21‐day periods. Cows were fed diets consisting of (DM basis) 23.8% corn silage, 13.5% chopped alfalfa hay and 62.7% concentrate. The dietary treatments were either ground barley (GB) using a hammer mill or steam‐flaked barley (SFB) – varying density at 390, 340 or 290 g/l. Processing method (GB vs. SFB) did not affect DMI (23.6 kg/day on average), DDTT (71.0% on average), milk yield (43.4 kg/day on average), milk components, rumen pH and molar proportions of acetate, propionate, butyrate and sorting activity. Ruminal isovalerate concentration tended (p = 0.06) to be higher for cows fed GB than those fed SFB‐based diets. Decreasing the density of SFB from 390, 340 to 290 g/l tended to linearly increase DMI (p = 0.09), decrease total solids percentage of milk (p = 0.10) and linearly decreased milk urea nitrogen (12.8, 12.4 and 12.1 mg/dl; p = 0.04); also, the sorting index (SI) of the particles retained on the 19.0‐mm sieve without affecting the SI of the particles retained on 8.0‐mm, 1.18‐mm or passed through 1.18‐mm sieve (p = 0.05). These results indicated the limited effects of processing method (grinding vs. steam flaking) and densities of SFB (390, 290 or 290 g/l) on cows’ performance and feed utilization for dairy cows fed low‐forage diets. Therefore, both processing methods could be recommended under current feeding conditions of dairy cows.
Optimal feeding frequency of captive head‐started green turtles (Chelonia mydas)
Authors: Kanghae H. , Thongprajukaew K. , Yeetam P. , Jarit‐ngam T. , Hwan‐air W. , Rueangjeen S. , Kittiwattanawong K. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryOptimal feeding frequency was investigated to improve head‐started propagation programme of juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas). The 15‐day‐old turtles (25–26 g body weight) were fed for ad libitum intake at one (1MD), two (2MD), three (3MD) or four (4MD) meals daily over a 3‐month trial. Responses in growth, feed utilization, faecal characteristics, haematological parameters and carapace elemental composition were used to compare treatment effects. At the end of the feeding trial, no treatment had induced mortality. Growth performance in terms of weight gain and specific growth rate was similar in turtles fed 2MD, 3MD or 4MD (p > 0.05), but 1MD differed from these (p < 0.05), and feeding at excess frequency (3MD and 4MD) increased the within‐group size variation. Turtles fed 2MD had significantly lower feed intake than in 3MD and 4MD groups, but the feed conversion ratios were similar. Faecal digestive enzyme analysis indicated higher catabolism of lipid and protein in the deprivation group (1MD), when compared with turtles fed at least twice daily. The feeding frequency did not affect the specific activities of carbohydrate‐digesting enzymes. The results on enzymes activities were corroborated by the transition enthalpy characteristics of faeces, indicating nutrients remaining after digestion. The 2MD treatment also improved the haematological characteristics and the carapace quality, relative to low or excess feeding. Overall, the findings indicate that feeding juvenile green turtles twice a day is the preferred option in their head‐started propagation. This promotes growth, reduces feed consumption, and improves health and carapace quality.