bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Complications After Laser Surgery for Twin‐to‐Twin Transfusion Syndrome, a Cohort Study
Authors: Gijtenbeek M. , Prein F. M. M. , Verweij E. J. T. , Middeldorp J. M. , Slaghekke F. , Haak M. C. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess maternal complications after fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) for the twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).MethodsAll consecutive cases treated with FLS for TTTS between 2008 and 2021 at the Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) were included. We allocated complications in three timeframes: “Admission for laser surgery,” “pregnancy after laser,” and “delivery and third stage of labor.” Maternal complications were graded according to the Maternal and Fetal Adverse Event Terminology (MFAET) and for intra‐abdominal hemorrhage, the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE).ResultsIn the study period, 637 mothers were treated for TTTS with FLS. There were 1559 occurrences of maternal complications. The rate of severe maternal complications (grade 3 or 4) was 8.0%. Severe complications consisted of six cases of severe intra‐abdominal hemorrhage, nine cases of severe hemorrhage in pregnancy, one with severe chorioamnionitis, 10 with severe preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome, and 25 with a severe postpartum hemorrhage.ConclusionsEven though it is the gold standard for treating TTTS, FLS comes at a risk to the mother which should not be neglected. And even though not all complications have serious consequences to the mother, the severe maternal complication rate of 8.0% should be added to the inherent risks for the fetus, and should be discussed with patients eligible for surgery in order to make an informed decision on treatment options.
Salt tolerance in wheat is associated with the maintenance of shoot biomass, stomatal conductance, and sucrose in the phloem
Authors: Nguyen Van Lam , Stangoulis James 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a mega‐staple for millions of the world's populations and its yield potential is impacted by soil salinization. This study investigated genotypic variation in salt tolerance among six wheat genotypes, Gladius, Drysdale, GD0014, GD0120, GD0180, and GD0185. The study also characterized shoot traits, photosynthetic traits, leaf Na and K concentrations, and phloem sucrose. The plants were grown under controlled growth room conditions at 0 mM NaCl (Control) and 100 mM NaCl. The results showed that the salt tolerance index (STISFW, SFW: shoot fresh weight) varied from 0.52 for GD0120 to 0.69 for GD0180. Based on the STISFW, salt tolerance for the wheat genotypes was in the order, GD0180 > Gladius > GD0185 > Drysdale > GD0014 > GD0120. Projected shoot area (PSA) at all growth stages, 14, 20, 27, 34, and 40 DAS were strongly correlated with SFW at 45 DAS. Salt treatment significantly increased phloem sucrose level in the salt intolerant, Drysdale, while having no effect on this parameter in Gladius. Gladius showed greater maintenance of stomatal conductance than Drysdale. The relative ratio of K/Na between treatment and control was strongly correlated with the relative ratio of SFW (r = .85). The correlation between PSA at 14 DAS and SFW at 45 DAS and the correlation between the relative ratio of K/Na between treatment and control with STISFW identify these parameters to be potential traits for screening salt tolerance in wheat. Higher salt tolerance in Gladius would be associated with higher maintenance of stomatal conductance and enhanced phloem sucrose transport.
Effect of hardness on the foaming behavior, surface quality, and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane foams by chemical foaming injection molding
Authors: Xing Jinfu , He Li , Jiang Tuanhui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough the influence of hard segment content on the foaming behavior of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been reported in the literature, most of the studies have been limited to batch foaming, and the relationship between hardness on the foaming quality and the surface quality of TPU is still unclear in injection molding foaming. In this study, three hardnesses of TPU foams were prepared by core‐back injection foaming technique to investigate the relationship between hardness and TPU foaming behavior. Firstly, the relationship between hardness and viscosity of TPU was investigated using rotational rheometer. The results showed that the complex viscosity increased with the increase of hardness, especially the viscosity of high hardness TPU responded more significantly at low frequencies. In addition, a scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the cell morphology of TPU foams with different hardness. It was revealed that the cell morphology of 1098A foam with low hardness was deteriorated and deformed severely, with a cell size and cell density of 172.02 μm and 0.59 × 105 cells/cm3, respectively. With the increase of hardness, the cell morphology of high hardness 1071D foam was regular and rounded, its cell size decreased to 95.98 μm and cell density increased 4.43 × 105 cells/cm3. Surface roughness and mechanical experiments showed that the medium hardness 1065D foam had better surface quality and tensile toughness. The elongation at break of the TPU foams decreased with increasing hardness, while the high hardness 1071D foam had better tensile and flexural strength. This study provides understanding for the selection of a suitable hardness to prepare TPU foams with favorable foaming quality and corresponding mechanical properties.Highlights
TPU foams of different hardness were prepared using core‐back chemical foaming injection molding technology.
High hardness TPU foam had excellent tensile strength and flexural strength.
Design and Modelling of Continuum Robot for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Surgery With Lifting Force Estimation
Authors: Zhang Xingyao , Du Fuxin , Zhang Gang , Wu Ke , Zheng Gang , Li Yibin , Song Rui 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an effective treatment for early‐stage gastrointestinal cancers. However, traditional surgical instruments lack accuracy and force‐sensing.MethodsA new type of continuum robot for ESD is designed. An accurate static model of the proposed continuum robot is established, considering cases where the robot bends into C‐shapes and S‐shapes. A force estimation method based on an accurate static model is proposed. Then, the accuracy of the static model and force estimation is verified through experiments. Finally, an ex‐organ experiment is carried out.ResultsThe average position error of the proposed static model is 0.72 mm, accounting for 2.57% of the total robot length. The average error of force estimation is 19.53 mN. By gripping and cutting ex‐porcine gastric mucosa, the robot's functionality is validated.ConclusionThis paper contributes to precise control and safe interaction of continuum robots.
Ultrathin Porous Carbon Nitride Anchored with Pt Nanoclusters for Synergistic Enhancement of Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Photocatalytic Polyester Reforming
Authors: Hu Jingmiao , Fan Yunjian , Li Shijian , Kang Jian , Chen Shan , Yin Huajie , Zhao Huijun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic reforming (PR) of polyester waste, fueled by renewable sources like solar energy, offers a sustainable method for producing clean H2 and valuable by‐products under mild conditions. The design of high‐performance photocatalyst plays a pivotal role in determining the efficacy of an alkaline polyester PR system, influencing H2 generation activity and selectivity. Here, ultrathin porous carbon nitride nanosheets (UP‐CN) loaded with Pt nanoclusters (Pt NCs, average diameter of 1.7 nm) with uniform Pt NCs distribution are introduced. The resulting Pt NCs/UP‐CN catalyst can accelerate charge and mass transfer while providing additional active sites, achieving superior H2 generation rates of 11.69 mmol gcat−1 h−1 and 2923 mmol gPt−1 h−1 under AM 1.5 light, which nine times higher than that of Pt nanoparticles‐bulk graphitic carbon nitride composite (1.29 mmol gcat−1 h−1 and 258 mmol gPt−1 h−1) as counterpart. This performance also surpasses that of previously reported carbon nitride‐based and TiO2‐based photocatalysts. Moreover, the density functional theory calculations reveal a significant reduction in the energy barrier for the water dissociation step (H2O + * → *H + OH) at the interface between UP‐CN and anchored Pt NCs, showcasing the synergistic effect between Pt NCs and UP‐CN. This catalytic system also exhibits universality across various polyester plastics.
Enhanced Stable and Efficient of Dual‐Ligand Zirconium‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Synergistic Photodynamic Inactivation
Authors: Xu Jin , Ding Zhaoyang , Wang Mingying , Wu Gan , Xie Jing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPorphyrins, known for generating toxic singlet oxygen (1O2) to combat bacteria, face challenges such as hydrophilicity and limited lifespan and 1O2 yield. Conversely, triterpenoid compounds like ammonium glycyrrhizinate (AG) offer antioxidative and antibacterial properties but lack efficacy and stability. Combining them in Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) yields dual‐ligand zirconium (Zr)‐basedMOFs (M‐TG), capitalizing on porphyrins' membrane‐disrupting ability and AG's inhibition of bacterial membrane synthesis for a synergistic antibacterial effect. M‐TG resolves activity loss, enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield, and extends stability, achieving a remarkable 99.999% sterilization rate. This innovative approach maximizes ligand properties through synergistic effects, promising significant advancements in antibacterial material design.
Empowering software startups with agile methods and practices: A design science research
Authors: Javdani Gandomani Taghi , Zulzalil Hazura , Bahsoon Rami 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe growing number of software startups has witnessed an open debate on the suitability and appropriateness of commonly used software development methodologies, including agile software development methodologies and practices. Startups, for example, tend to focus on producing minimum viable product, which challenge the use of these methods and calls for bespoke adaptation of these practices to suit startups. Agile adoption is not easy for software startup teams due to unreadiness, inadequate preparation and weak structure of these teams, focusing only on small part of agile practices, and high uncertainty in essential requirements and proper technology. A review of the state‐of‐the‐art reports on limited number of studies that have investigated the adoption of agile methods and practices to best suit the requirements software startups. This study uses design science research methodology to address this gap and develop a guideline for agile adaptation specifically for software startups. The developed guideline was validated and improved with the participation of 23 experts from 7 software startup teams through survey questionnaires and open discussion. This guideline includes 13 recommendations, categorized into three sections: selection of agile methods and practices, preparation for adaptation, and the adaptation of agile methods and practices. Evaluation of the results shows the simplicity of understanding the guideline, its usefulness, and its support for the expected agility of the software development process.
Investigation of the Extraction of Chlorogenic Acid From Honeysuckle and Its Biological Activity Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Shen Yiyi , Zhang Daoming , Lu Yiran , Liang Qingli , Zhao Ziyue , Li Xiaoxing , Wang Miaomiao , Tang Baokun 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTHoneysuckle, a traditional Chinese medicine, holds significant medicinal value, making it ubiquitous in the medical field. However, the efficient extraction of chlorogenic acid from Chinese herbal medicine while maintaining its pharmacological activity remains a pressing challenge. To address the issues of environmental pollution and inefficient extraction using traditional solvents, there is a need to develop a novel solvent. Due to their low cost, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly characteristics, deep eutectic solvents can be used for extracting traditional Chinese medicinal materials while preserving the activity of their active ingredients during the extraction process. In this study, we examined the antibacterial activity of chlorogenic acid, a key component of honeysuckle, after extraction using a deep eutectic solvent. We gained preliminary insights into the antibacterial activity of the extract against various bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, we analyzed the antibacterial activity of extracts of different concentrations in liquid medium, and the morphology of the bacteria after inhibition was analyzed. These findings suggest that deep eutectic solvent (DES) is an efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost‐effective method for extracting the active components of honeysuckle. Moreover, the active components extracted using DES retain robust physiological activity.
Characterizing the Atmospheric Boundary Layer for Offshore Wind Energy Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery
Authors: Stopa Justin E. , Vandemark Doug , Foster Ralph , Emond Marc , Mouche Alexis , Chapron Bertrand 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMeasuring boundary layer stratification, wind shear, and turbulence remains challenging for wind resource assessment. In particular, larger eddy scales have the greatest impact on turbine load fluctuations, and there are few in situ methods to observe them adequately. Satellite remote sensing using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an alternative approach. In this study, eddy‐related signatures in 704 high‐resolution images are related to stratification through a bulk Richardson number (
) measured by a buoy near Martha's Vineyard, the US epicenter of offshore wind. Variations in SAR‐observed atmospheric boundary layer eddies, or lack of them, correspond to specific
regimes. Accounting for strong vertical wind shear, typically under stable stratification, is critical for energy production and turbine loads, and SAR directly identifies these conditions by the absence of energetic eddies. SAR also provides a regional climatology of atmospheric stratification for offshore wind assessment, complementing other observations, and with potential application worldwide.
Toward low‐carbon cities: A review of circular economy integration in urban waste management and its impact on carbon emissions
Authors: Haris Nur Izzah Nabilah , Al Edrus Syeed SaifulAzry Osman , Abdul Raof Nurliyana , Wondi Mohd Hafizz , Khan Waseem Razzaq , Sien Leong Sui , Ilyas R. A. , Norrrahim Mohd Nor Faiz , Sawatdeenarunat Chayanon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUrban areas significantly contribute to global carbon emissions, necessitating a shift toward low‐carbon environments. The concept of low‐carbon cities presents a viable pathway for mitigating these anthropogenic emissions, particularly through solid waste management. This article explores the critical role of circular economy‐integrated waste management (CEWM) strategies in reducing carbon emissions and fostering sustainable urban development. We examine city‐level CEWM initiatives worldwide, assess the carbon emission quantification methods, and highlight specific CEWM strategies with significant carbon reduction potential. Our findings reveal that city‐level initiatives predominantly prioritize waste reduction and prevention (51%), followed by education and engagement (23%), material recycling and upcycling (21%), and waste conversion (6%). Key strategies such as composting, waste sorting, recycling, and biogas plants have demonstrated substantial potential in reducing carbon emissions. Integrating CE principles with waste management transforms the traditional linear take‐make‐dispose model into a circular approach that minimizes waste and maximizes resource efficiency. This integration is crucial for reducing carbon emissions and promoting a sustainable urban environment. A holistic perspective is required to plan and strategize for sustainable urbanization whereby CE and waste management are interconnected. CE principles provide an ideal foundation that enhances waste management strategies toward sustainability, ultimately leading to reduced carbon emissions. This article provides essential insights to equip decision‐makers with evidence‐based strategies for effective urban waste management.This article is categorized under:
Climate and Environment > Circular Economy
Sustainable Development > Goals
Simulation-Based Process Design of Recontouring Technologies
Authors: Böß Volker , Denkena Berend , Friebe Sven , Hein Markus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEngine manufacturers generate about 50% of their total turnover with maintenance. Damaged parts can either be replaced by spare parts or can be regenerated by e.g. local welding processes. One major step of the manufacturing part of the process chain for regeneration after the material deposition is the removal of excess weld material by cutting, which is called recontouring. Recontouring is often the last process step, which defines the final surface integrity and thus the performance of the repaired parts. Thereby, each component has a batch size of one by reason of individuality. In industrial praxis, the recontouring is done mainly with high manual effort. This results in uncertain and unreproducible repair processes for each component. Hence, a major challenge for recontouring processes is the reduction of the required manual effort by an automated method. In the subproject C1 “simulation-based process design of recontouring technologies”, machining investigations and technological simulations were applied in combination with suitable models for a process adaption in order to reach the required workpiece properties. A special focus was the transition from the undamaged area to the deposited material. Furthermore, a method for effective process planning was developed for the generation of 5-axis milling tool paths. This increases the effectiveness of the process planning by adapting them to the individual shape of the component. The present paper gives an overview of the main results of the investigation of methods for the individual process planning of recontouring technologies based on process simulations. This includes the development of an algorithm for the automatic planning of the recontouring process. A Dexel-based simulation method was developed and experimentally validated which allows the prognosis of the geometrical shape of the material deposition. Based on that, the influence of the resulting material allowance on the recontouring was studied. The aim was the generation of a part quality that satisfies the requirements of the functional review. The evaluation of the part quality was conducted by a Dexel-based technological process simulation of the recontouring process. This allowed the prediction of the workpiece surface as well as the research of the influence of the process parameters on the main residual stresses.
Selection of Efficient Regeneration Modes for the Regeneration of Complex Capital Goods
Authors: Kellenbrink Carolin , Schnabel André , Hoppmann Marleen , Woidtke Jan Niklas , Helber Stefan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn contrast to the production of new parts, for the regeneration of complex capital goods, various modes of regeneration are often available. They reflect, e.g., different repair technologies and/or different personal qualifications. In this paper, we describe solution approaches for the selection of efficient regeneration modes. Thereby, we simultaneously schedule maintenance tasks as they influence mode selection. Using the example of turbine blades of aircraft engines, we explain the problem setting and the need to consider the customer’s business model. For immobile capital goods such as wind turbines, the selection of efficient regeneration modes requires additional decisions concerning the transportation of personnel and material. We explain this adjacent problem setting and solution approaches. In this context, we include stochastic service times and weather conditions as well as the uncertain condition of the good.
Target-Group Based Public Relations for the Collaborative Research Center 871
Authors: Schomaker Claudia , Friege Gunnar , Gilge Philipp , Seume Joerg R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis report describes the public relations work of the Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 871 in its third and final funding period together with its partners. The public relations work aimed at two target groups: The expert audience and the general public with a focus on pupils. The expert audience includes research and industry, which were informed via symposiums, exhibitions and events. The general public, and in particular the target group of pupils, was informed about the contents of CRC 871 by events and newly developed interactive and multimedia learning materials. Furthermore, it is described how the public relations work was adapted to the restrictions of the Corona pandemic. For that adaptation, a new concept was developed and implemented in cooperation with the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Leibniz University Hannover, which primarily uses virtual media to make the contents of CRC 871 accessible to a broad public, even beyond the end of CRC 871.
Near Net Shape Turbine Blade Repair Using a Joining and Coating Hybrid Process
Authors: Nicolaus Martin , Möhwald Kai , Maier Hans Jürgen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBrazing is an established repair technology for turbine blades (air foils and vanes) in the industry and includes multiple process steps that may also require a high degree of manual work. In this study, the development of a near net shape joining and coating hybrid technology for the repair of turbine blades is presented. With this technology, it is possible to shorten the current state-of-the-art process chain for repairing turbine blades. The worn turbine blade receives a repair coating applied by thermal spraying consisting of a nickel based filler metal, a hot gas corrosion protective layer, a bond coat and finally a thermal barrier coating. Subsequently the coated turbine blade is heat treated and a simultaneous brazing and aluminizing process is carried out. The technology presented here brings about technical and economic advantages and allows to shorten the state-of-the-art process chain for repairing turbine blades.
Administrative Reforms from Historical Aspects
Authors: Kamimura Susumu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores the postwar history of administrative reforms in Japan in connection with reform trends in Europe and the USA. Until the 1980s, these reforms consisted primarily of independent initiatives based on Japan’s own internal motives. Since the 1990s, however, the influence of demands to open markets and global norms became prominent. In the 2000s, NPM reforms could be discerned. Nevertheless, in light of Japan’s unique circumstances, it was difficult to claim that the features of these reforms were actually realized.As a factor of success in the municipal mergers classified here as a Type I MLG (multi-level governance) system, the central government, in reflecting the wishes of the ruling party, sought to actively promote “voluntary amalgamations.”