bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Biomarkers: Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor and Procalcitonin- and Histological Chorioamnionitis after Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Jalkanen Kati , Virtanen Anita , Aittoniemi Janne , Flinck Heidi , Ampuja Sinikka , Huhtala Heini , Tihtonen Kati 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFetal inflammatory response syndrome or infection after preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) increases neonatal morbidity in preterm deliveries. Biochemical markers from the amniotic fluid (AF) have been used to evaluate possible intra-amniotic infection during the asymptomatic phase after PPROM. This study aimed to describe whether soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) or procalcitonin (PCT) from AF or maternal sera could reveal fetal inflammatory response or infection after PPROM. AF and maternal serum samples were collected weekly after PPROM (23+ 0 − 34+ 6 gestational weeks) until delivery from twenty women and two women with possible chorioamnionitis with intact membranes. Levels of suPAR, PCT, interleukin-6 (IL-6), glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and bacterial PCR were determined from AF and suPAR and PCT and IL-6 from maternal sera. Fetal infection or inflammation response were determined by the histology of the placenta after delivery. AF glucose was significantly lower and AF LDH higher in the fetal site histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) group, while AF suPAR concentrations tended to be higher in this group. AF suPAR correlated significantly with AF glucose and LDH. Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, AF glucose had the best predictability for fetal site histological chorioamnionitis. The findings of AF PCT were insignificant considering HCA. AF glucose had the highest accuracy in predicting fetal site histologic chorioamnionitis. AF suPAR may be a promising marker; however, our findings were limited by a small study population.
Pandemic Incident Management for Vaccine Safety Challenges: Victoria’s Alert Advisory Group Experience
Authors: Clothier Hazel J. , Wolthuizen Michelle , Laemmle-Ruff Ingrid , Lewis Georgina , Radkowski Catherine , Buttery Jim , Crawford Nigel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Safe vaccines are critical for biosecurity protection, yet adverse events—rightly or wrongly attributed to immunization—potentially cause rapid loss of confidence, reduced vaccine uptake, and resurgence of preventable disease. Effective vaccine safety incident management is essential to provide assessment and lead appropriate actions to ensure vaccination programs are safe and mitigate unwarranted crisis escalation that could damage vaccine programs and the effective control of vaccine preventable disease outbreaks or pandemics. Incident management systems (IMS) are used globally to direct emergency management response, particularly for natural disasters of fire, flood, and storm. Public health is equally an emergency response and can therefore benefit from these command control constructs. While examples of IMS for outbreak response and mass immunization logistics exist, there is little to no information on their use in vaccine safety. We describe Australia’s vaccine safety Alert Advisory Group establishment in Victoria during the COVID-19 pandemic and onward embedding into routine practice, anticipant of new vaccines, and the next biosecurity threat.
ARTIN–SCHREIER EXTENSIONS AND COMBINATORIAL COMPLEXITY IN HENSELIAN VALUED FIELDS
Authors: BOISSONNEAU BLAISE 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We give explicit formulas witnessing IP, IP

$_{\!n}$

, or TP2 in fields with Artin–Schreier extensions. We use them to control p-extensions of mixed characteristic henselian valued fields, allowing us most notably to generalize to the NIP

$_{\!n}$

context one way of Anscombe–Jahnke’s classification of NIP henselian valued fields. As a corollary, we obtain that NIP

$_{\!n}$

henselian valued fields with NIP residue field are NIP. We also discuss tameness results for NTP2 henselian valued fields.
Interacting Influences of Diurnal Tides, Winds, and River Discharge on a Large Coastal Plume
Authors: Ralston David K. , Geyer W. Rockwell , Wackerman Christopher C. , Dzwonkowski Brian , Honegger David A. , Haller Merrick C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe dispersal of large river plumes in the coastal ocean depends on multiple factors, and in some cases, can be categorized into distinct dynamical regimes: a tidally dominated near‐field, a rotational mid‐field, and a coastal current far‐field. In this study, observations and modeling are used to evaluate the factors controlling the variability in the buoyant plume from Mobile Bay. Rather than distinct dynamical regimes, the Mobile Bay plume depends on forcings that act at overlapping temporal and spatial scales: diurnal tides, river discharge events, and winds. Satellite synthetic aperture radar images along with shipboard in‐situ sampling and marine radar are used to observe plume fronts in spring 2021. Hydrodynamic model simulations are compared with observations and used to characterize a large coastal plume at consistent tidal phase across a range of forcing conditions. The along‐shore position of the plume depends primarily on advection by wind‐driven surface currents. The cross‐shore extent and plume area depend primarily on the tidal amplitude and river discharge, and secondarily on northerly (seaward) winds. Along‐shore winds influence the buoyancy anomaly by altering salinity in the estuary and offshore. Upwelling winds increase the buoyancy anomaly and advect previous plumes away from the mouth. Downwelling winds reduce the buoyancy anomaly by trapping previous plumes near the coast and directing freshwater discharge toward a secondary outlet. Thus, the combined, overlapping influences of the tide, wind, and discharge dominate the variability in freshwater delivery to the shelf at time scales of days and distances of tens of km.
Metabolic adaptation following gastric bypass surgery: results from a 2-year observational study
Authors: Naseer Fathimath , Zhang Shu-Dong , Miras Alexander D. , Redpath Tamsyn , Martin Melanie , Boyd Adele , Spence Heather , Pournaras Dimitri J. , Bodnar Zsolt , Kerrigan David , le Roux Carel W. , Livingstone M. Barbara E. , Price Ruth K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Metabolic adaptation is the lowering of basal metabolic rate (BMR) beyond what is predicted from changes in fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) and may hamper weight-loss progression. It is unclear whether metabolic adaptation occurs following gastric bypass surgery (GBP) and if it persists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reduction in BMR that is not explained by changes in body composition in patients following GBP compared to a weight-stable comparator group.

Subjects
Thirty-one patients [77.4% female; mean BMI 45.5(SD 7.0) kg/m2; age 47.4(11.6)y] who underwent GBP, and 32 time-matched comparators [50% female; BMI 27.2(4.6) kg/m2; age 41.8(13.6)y) were evaluated at 1-month pre-surgery, 3-, 12- and 24-months post-surgery.

Methods
BMR was measured under standardised residential conditions using indirect calorimetry and body composition using DXA. Linear regression analyses assessed metabolic adaptation post-surgery.

Results
After surgery, patients lost a quarter of their body weight [−25.6%(1.8%); p < 0.0001] consisting mainly of FM (4:1 FM to FFM loss ratio) at 24-months post-surgery. Absolute BMR (MJ/d) reduced by 25.7% at 24-months post-surgery with values becoming similar to the comparator group from 3-months post-surgery. Positive associations were observed between changes in BMR and changes in FFM and FM (P < 0.03). Metabolic adaptation was present in patients during the 1) rapid weight loss phase (6.9 kg/month at 3-months post-surgery) (p = 0.011), 2) slower weight loss phase (1.6 kg/month from 3 to 12-months post-surgery) (p < 0.0001), and, 3) weight maintenance phase (24-months post-surgery) (p = 0.00073). However, the degree of metabolic adaptation observed in GBP patients was similar to the weight-stable comparator group (no metabolic adaptation) from 12-months post-surgery onwards (3-months; p = 0.01, 12-months; p = 0.26, 24-months post-surgery; p = 0.70).

Conclusion
These results suggest that there is a potential biological mechanism of surgery that attenuates the expected postoperative downregulation in BMR thus helping GBP patients maintain weight loss.
Potential mechanisms and modifications of dietary antioxidants on the associations between co-exposure to plastic additives and diabetes
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Cheng , Gao Hui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The association of plastic additive mixture exposure with diabetes and the modifying effects of dietary antioxidants are unclear.

Methods
The data from the NHANES 2011–2018 were retrieved, and phthalates and organophosphate esters (OPEs) were selected as exposures. The coexposure effect was analyzed by the environmental risk score (ERS) and quantile g-computation. To mitigate any potential bias caused by using the internal weights, another version of ERS was constructed using the cross-validation approach. The level of dietary antioxidant intake was measured by the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI). The biological mechanism underlying the association was studied by the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework.

Results
Fifteen chemicals (ten phthalates and five OPEs) were measured in 2824 adult participants. A higher ERS was significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes (OR per 1-SD increment of ERS: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.13–1.39). This association apparently interacted with the CDAI level (ORlow: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.37–2.55; ORhigh: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.15–1.45; Pinteraction = 0.038). Moreover, quantile g-computation also revealed higher level of combined exposure was positively associated with diabetes (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.05–2.87), and the addition of dietary antioxidants showed a null association (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.85–2.34). The AOP study identified TCPP and TCEP as key chemicals that cause aberrant glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathways and result in diabetes.

Conclusions
Coexposure to phthalates and OPEs is positively associated with diabetes, where an antioxidative diet plays a modifying role. Several potential mechanisms have been proposed by AOP framework.
Single-nucleus transcriptomic profiling of human orbitofrontal cortex reveals convergent effects of aging and psychiatric disease
Authors: Fröhlich Anna S. , Gerstner Nathalie , Gagliardi Miriam , Ködel Maik , Yusupov Natan , Matosin Natalie , Czamara Darina , Sauer Susann , Roeh Simone , Murek Vanessa , Chatzinakos Chris , Daskalakis Nikolaos P. , Knauer-Arloth Janine , Ziller Michael J. , Binder Elisabeth B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAging is a complex biological process and represents the largest risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. The risk for neurodegenerative disorders is also increased in individuals with psychiatric disorders. Here, we characterized age-related transcriptomic changes in the brain by profiling ~800,000 nuclei from the orbitofrontal cortex from 87 individuals with and without psychiatric diagnoses and replicated findings in an independent cohort with 32 individuals. Aging affects all cell types, with LAMP5+LHX6+ interneurons, a cell-type abundant in primates, by far the most affected. Disrupted synaptic transmission emerged as a convergently affected pathway in aged tissue. Age-related transcriptomic changes overlapped with changes observed in Alzheimer’s disease across multiple cell types. We find evidence for accelerated transcriptomic aging in individuals with psychiatric disorders and demonstrate a converging signature of aging and psychopathology across multiple cell types. Our findings shed light on cell-type-specific effects and biological pathways underlying age-related changes and their convergence with effects driven by psychiatric diagnosis.
Baseline status of the levels and distribution of rare, noble, and fissionable elements from the Northern Nile Delta black sand deposits
Authors: Fakhry Rana E. , Ghatas Zekry F. , Soliman Naglaa F. , Nasr Samir M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study examined the composition, distribution, and origins of rare, Noble, and fissionable elements for the first time in black sand deposits from the Northern Delta coastal region. The findings showed that among the elements under investigation, Fe, Ti, Mn, and Sn had the greatest mean levels, while Hf, Cd, and As had the lowest mean amounts. According to the study's elemental composition, black sand is thought to have economic worth for Ti, Zr, Hf, Sn, Ag, and W. The Zr, Co, Cd, Cu, Hf, V, W, and Zn correlation points to the same source origin. It is clear that the accessory mineral composition in the sediments under study especially the heavy ones controls the geochemical patterns of trace elements. The trace element concentrations of interest show a pattern of element variability related to the mineralogy of the sands, as indicated by the principal component analysis and cluster analysis. To explore and exploit heavy minerals in the research region, the study's findings are important.
Dust and power: Unravelling the merger-active galactic nucleus connection in the second half of cosmic history
Authors: La Marca A. , Margalef-Bentabol B. , Wang L. , Gao F. , Goulding A. D. , Martin G. , Rodriguez-Gomez V. , Trager S. C. , Yang G. , Davé R. , Dubois Y. 
Published: September 2024

Aims. Galaxy mergers represent a fundamental physical process under hierarchical structure formation, but their role in triggering active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is still unclear. We aim to investigate the merger-AGN connection using state-of-the-art observations and novel methods for detecting mergers and AGNs.
Methods. We selected stellar mass-limited samples at redshift z < 1 from the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS), focussing on the KiDS-N-W2 field with a wide range of multi-wavelength data. We analysed three AGN types, selected in the mid-infrared (MIR), X-ray, and via spectral energy distribution (SED) modelling. To identify mergers, we used convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on two cosmological simulations. We created mass- and redshift-matched control samples of non-mergers and non-AGNs.
Results. We first investigated the merger-AGN connection using a binary AGN/non-AGN classification. We observed a clear AGN excess (of a factor of 2–3) in mergers with respect to non-mergers for the MIR AGNs, along with a mild excess for the X-ray and SED AGNs. This result indicates that mergers could trigger all three types, but are more connected to the MIR AGNs. About half of the MIR AGNs are in mergers but it is unclear whether mergers are the main trigger. For the X-ray and SED AGNs, mergers are unlikely to be the dominant triggering mechanism. We also explored the connection using the continuous AGN fraction fAGN parameter. Mergers exhibit a clear excess of high fAGN values relative to non-mergers, for all AGN types. We unveil the first merger fraction fmerger − fAGN relation with two distinct regimes. When the AGN is not very dominant, the relation is only mildly increasing or even flat, with the MIR AGNs showing the highest fmerger. In the regime of very dominant AGNs (fAGN ≥ 0.8), fmerger shows the same steeply rising trend with increasing fAGN for all AGN types. These trends are also seen when plotted against AGN bolometric luminosity. We conclude that mergers are most closely connected to dust-obscured AGNs, generally linked to a fast-growing phase of the supermassive black hole. Such mergers therefore stand as the main (or even the sole) fuelling mechanism of the most powerful AGNs.
Towards multi-messenger observations of core-collapse supernovae harbouring choked jets
Authors: Zegarelli A. , Guetta D. , Celli S. , Gagliardini S. , Di Palma I. , Bartos I. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Over the past decade, choked jets have attracted particular attention as potential sources of high-energy cosmic neutrinos. It is challenging to test this hypothesis because of the missing gamma-ray counterpart. An identification of other electromagnetic signatures is therefore crucial. Extended H envelopes surrounding collapsing massive stars might choke launched jets. In addition, the same progenitors are expected to produce a shock-breakout signal in the ultraviolet (UV) and optical that lasts several days. Early UV radiation in particular carries important information about the presence and nature of choked jets.
Aims. While UV observations of core-collapse supernovae have so far been limited, the full potential of observations in this spectral band will soon be transformed by the ULTRASAT satellite mission with its unprecedented field of view. We investigated the detection prospects of choked jet progenitors by ULTRASAT in relation to their visibility in the optical band by the currently operating telescope ZTF. In addition, as choked jets can produce neutrinos via hadronic and photohadronic interactions in choked jets, we also investigated how neutrino observations by existing Cherenkov high-energy neutrino telescopes (e.g. IceCube and KM3NeT) can be used in association with electromagnetic signals from shock-breakout events.
Methods. By considering fiducial parameters of the source population and instrument performances, we estimated the maximum redshift up to which ULTRASAT and ZTF are able to detect ultraviolet and optical signals from these explosions, respectively. Furthermore, we discuss coordinated multi-messenger observations using ULTRASAT, ZTF, and high-energy neutrino telescopes.
Results. We find that ULTRASAT will double the volume of the sky that is currently visible by ZTF for the same emitting sources. This will enlarge the sample of observed Type II supernovae by ∼60%. For optimised multi-messenger detections, the delay between neutrinos produced at the shock breakout (during the jet propagation inside the stellar envelope) and ULTRASAT observations should be of ∼4 (5) days, with subsequent follow-up by instruments such as ZTF about one week later. We estimate that fewer than 1% of the core-collapse supernovae from red supergiant stars that are detectable in UV with ULTRASAT might host a choked jet and release TeV neutrinos. Electromagnetic and neutrino detections, if accompanied by additional photometric and spectroscopic follow-up with compelling evidence for a relativistic jet launched by the central engine of the source, would suggest that core-collapse supernovae harbouring choked jets are the main contributors to the diffuse astrophysical high-energy neutrino flux.
The spectroscopic binary fraction of the young stellar cluster M17
Authors: Ramírez-Tannus M. C. , Derkink A. R. , Backs F. , de Koter A. , Sana H. , Poorta J. , Kaper L. , Stoop M. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Significant progress has been made toward understanding the formation of massive (M > 8 M⊙) binaries in close orbits (with periods of less than a month). Some of the observational studies leading to this progress are the detection of a very low velocity dispersion among the massive stars in the young region M17 and the measurement of a positive trend of velocity dispersion with age in Galactic clusters. The velocity dispersion observed in M17 could be explained either by the lack of binaries among the stars in this region, which implies the highly unlikely scenario of a different formation mechanism for M17 than for other Galactic regions, or by larger binary separations than typically observed, but with a binary fraction similar to other young Galactic clusters. The latter implies that, over time, the binary components migrate toward each other. This is in agreement with the finding that the radial velocity dispersion of young Galactic clusters correlates positively with their age.
Aims. We aim to determine the origin of the strikingly low velocity dispersion by determining the observed and intrinsic binary fraction of massive stars in M17 through multi-epoch spectroscopy.
Methods. We performed a multi-epoch spectroscopic survey consisting of three epochs separated by days and months, respectively. We complemented this survey with existing data covering timescales of years. We determined the radial velocity of each star at each epoch by fitting the stellar absorption profiles. The velocity shifts between epochs were used to determine whether a close companion is present.
Results. We determined an observed binary fraction of 27% and an intrinsic binary fraction of 87%, consistent with that of other Galactic clusters. We conclude that the low velocity dispersion is due to a large separation among the young massive binaries in M17. Our result is in agreement with a migration scenario in which massive stars are born in binaries or higher-order systems at large separation and harden within the first million years of evolution. Such an inward migration may either be driven by interaction with a remnant accretion disk or with other young stellar objects present in the system, or by dynamical interactions within the cluster. Our results imply that possibly both dynamical interactions and binary evolution are key processes in the formation of gravitational wave sources.
Warm Jupiters around M dwarfs are great opportunities for extensive chemical, cloud, and haze characterisation with JWST
Authors: Teinturier L. , Ducrot E. , Charnay B. 
Published: September 2024

Context. The known population of short-period giant exoplanets around M-dwarf stars is slowly growing. These planets present an extraordinary opportunity for atmospheric characterisation and defy our current understanding of planetary formation. Furthermore, clouds and hazes are ubiquitous in warm exoplanets, but their behaviour is still poorly understood.
Aims. We studied the case of a standard warm Jupiter around an M-dwarf star to show the opportunity of this exoplanet population for atmospheric characterisation. We aimed to derive the cloud, haze, and chemical budget of such planets using JWST.
Methods. We leveraged a 3D global climate model, the generic PCM, to simulate the cloudy and cloud-free atmosphere of warm Jupiters around an M dwarf. We then post-processed our simulations to produce spectral phase curves and transit spectra as would be seen with JWST.
Results. We show that, using the amplitude and offset of the spectral phase curves, we can directly infer the presence of clouds and hazes in the atmosphere of such giant planets. Chemical characterisation of multiple species is possible with an unprecedented signal- to-noise ratio, using the transit spectrum in one single visit. In such atmospheres, NH3 could be detected for the first time in a giant exoplanet. We make the case that these planets are key to understanding the cloud and haze budget in warm giants. Finally, such planets are targets of great interest for Ariel.