bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex controls sadness-induced modulations of cognitive and emotional network hubs
Authors: Ramírez-Mahaluf Juan P. , Perramon Joan , Otal Begonya , Villoslada Pablo , Compte Albert 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe regulation of cognitive and emotional processes is critical for proper executive functions and social behavior, but its specific mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we addressed this issue by studying with functional magnetic resonance imaging the changes in network topology that underlie competitive interactions between emotional and cognitive networks in healthy participants. Our behavioral paradigm contrasted periods with high emotional and cognitive demands by including a sadness provocation task followed by a spatial working memory task. We hypothesized that this paradigm would enhance the modularity of emotional and cognitive networks and reveal the hub areas that regulate the flow of information between them. By applying graph analysis methods on functional connectivity between 20 regions of interest in 22 participants we identified two main brain network modules, one cognitive and one emotional, and their hub areas: the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and the left medial frontal pole (mFP). These hub areas did not modulate their mutual functional connectivity following sadness but they did so through an interposed area, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC). Our results identify dlPFC and mFP as areas regulating interactions between emotional and cognitive networks, and suggest that their modulation by sadness experience is mediated by sACC.
Light and growth form interact to shape stomatal ratio among British angiosperms
Authors: Muir Christopher D. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIn most plants, stomata are located only on the abaxial leaf surface (hypostomy), but many plants have stomata on both surfaces (amphistomy). High light and herbaceous growth form have been hypothesized to favor amphistomy, but these hypotheses have not been rigourously tested together using phylogenetic comparative methods.I leveraged a large dataset including stomatal ratio, Ellenberg light indicator value, growth form, and phylogenetic relationships for 372 species of British angiosperms. I used phylogenetic comparative methods to test how light and/or growth form influence stomatal ratio and density.High light and herbaceous growth form are correlated with amphistomy, as predicted, but they also interact; the effect of light is pronounced in therophytes (annuals) and perennial herbs, but muted in phanerophytes (shrubs and trees). Furthermore, amphistomy and stomatal density evolve together in response to light.Comparative analyses of British angiosperms reveal two major insights into physiological evolution. First, light and growth form interact to shape variation in stomatal ratio; amphistomy is common under high light, but mostly for herbs. Second, coordinated evolution of adaxial stomatal density and light tolerance indicates that amphistomy is an important adaptation to optimally balance light acquisition with gas exchange. These results advance our understanding of why stomatal ratio evolves and its potential as a functional trait for paleoecology and crop improvement.
Genomic architecture of codfishes featured by expansions of innate immune genes and short tandem repeats
Authors: Tørresen Ole K. , Brieuc Marine S. O. , Solbakken Monica H. , Sørhus Elin , Nederbragt Alexander J. , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Meier Sonnich , Edvardsen Rolf B. , Jentoft Sissel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundIncreased availability of genome assemblies for non-model organisms has resulted in invaluable biological and genomic insight into numerous vertebrates including teleosts. The sequencing and assembly of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) genome and the genomes of many of its relatives (Gadiformes) demonstrated a shared loss 100 million years ago of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II genes. The recent publication of an improved version of the Atlantic cod genome assembly reported an extreme density of tandem repeats compared to other vertebrate genome assemblies. Highly contiguous genome assemblies are needed to further investigate the unusual immune system of the Gadiformes, and the high density of tandem repeats in this group.ResultsHere, we have sequenced and assembled the genome of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)- a relative of Atlantic cod - using a combination of PacBio and Illumina reads. Comparative analyses uncover that the haddock genome contains an even higher density of tandem repeats outside and within protein coding sequences than Atlantic cod. Further, both species show an elevated number of tandem repeats in genes mainly involved in signal transduction compared to other teleosts. An in-depth characterization of the immune gene repertoire demonstrates a substantial expansion ofMCHIin Atlantic cod compared to haddock. In contrast, the Toll-like receptors show a similar pattern of gene losses and expansions. For another gene family associated with the innate immune system, the NOD-like receptors (NLRs), we find a large expansion common to all teleosts, with possible lineage-specific expansions in zebrafish, stickleback and the codfishes.ConclusionsThe generation of a highly contiguous genome assembly of haddock revealed that the high density of short tandem repeats as well as expanded immune gene families is not unique to Atlantic cod – but most likely a feature common to all codfishes. A shared expansion ofNLRgenes in teleosts suggests that theNLRshave a more substantial role in the innate immunity of teleosts than other vertebrates. Moreover, we find that high copy number genes combined with variable genome assembly qualities may impede complete characterization, i.e. the number ofNLRsmight be underestimates in the different teleost species.
Exploration of the product phase-out process in manufacturing firms
Authors: Wagner Regina , Abdelkafi Nizar , Blecker Thorsten 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
In today’s dynamic environment with shortened product life cycles, phase-outs because of product elimination are becoming increasingly frequent. Research on the phase-out process is still scarce. The lack of formalization of the process, especially from the labor perspective, leads to disturbances in phase-out execution. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze how phase-out is organized in industry to derive a generic labor phase-out process.

Design/methodology/approach
This research identifies manufacturing firms that have eliminated products in the past as an adequate sample. Data collection relies on exploratory cross-industry after-the-fact interviews of entirely finished replacement and closure phase-outs.

Findings
The labor phase-out process consists of four stages and each stage of several activities. There are two types of activities: rational and emotional, which should be combined to support companies in implementing a successful phase-out.

Research limitations/implications
Phase-out is a sensitive process, and many experts from industry do not like to discuss phase-outs, in particular closure phase-outs. Although cross-industry coverage could be achieved, companies that intend to apply the developed process should individually adapt it to their own requirements and their own context.

Practical implications
The presented labor process supports companies in formalizing phase-out, while identifying best practices.

Originality/value
This research sheds light on a phase of the production cycle – the phase-out – that has been neglected so far in the extant literature and generates insights for manufacturing companies how they can formalize this process and how they can deal with it more systematically.
Coaching to enhance self-regulated learning
Authors: Bandura Randall Paul , Lyons Paul 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to express the value of manager/supervisor coaching with the intent of improving employee self-regulated learning (SRL). It examines the concept of SRL and its components; how SRL can assist employee performance and contribute to organizational success; and ways in which managers may intervene with employees via coaching to assist employees’ learning.

Design/methodology/approach
This discussion of SRL and coaching is based on an extensive literature review of recent research regarding SRL.

Findings
There are many practical opportunities for managers to enhance SRL of employees through coaching in the workplace.

Originality/value
There are many practical opportunities for managers to enhance SRL of employees through coaching in the workplace.
Understanding the Kurdish conflict through the eyes of Kurds and Turks
Authors: Uluğ Özden Melis , Odağ Özen , Cohrs J. Christopher , Holtz Peter 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Conflict understandings of lay people mirror society in miniature. Although lay people and their conflict understandings in society may shape the course of an ongoing conflict, little scholarly attention is so far given to the understandings of everyday discourse in Turkey’s ongoing Kurdish conflict. The present research aims to examine the views of lay Kurds and Turks in two politically polarized cities in Turkey, Mersin and Diyarbakır.

Design/methodology/approach
To examine these views, the authors used focus group discussions and open-ended questionnaires with a total of 64 lay people from Mersin and Diyarbakır.

Findings
Qualitative content analysis revealed more conflict understandings than presented in the existing academic literature. Furthermore, multiple correspondence analysis suggested that both ethnic identity and the city in which people live are important factors influencing how people perceive the conflict.

Originality/value
The meaning of novel themes, differences and similarities within and between ethnic groups and two cities, and the usefulness of qualitative methods to examine lay people’s viewpoints are discussed.
Organizational virtuousness and job performance in Japan: does happiness matter?
Authors: Magnier-Watanabe Remy , Uchida Toru , Orsini Philippe , Benton Caroline 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the effect of subjective well-being, often referred to as happiness, on the relationship between organizational virtuousness and job performance among Japanese employees. The concept of happiness has been receiving more attention over the past decade as research suggests that it may be a source of greater performance.

Design/methodology/approach
This research uses a questionnaire survey and conditional process analysis among Japanese managers and front-line workers within Japanese firms in Japan.

Findings
This paper found that positive subjective well-being partially mediates the relationship between general organizational virtuousness and self-management-related job performance, while it acts as a moderator in the relationship between general organizational virtuousness and leadership-related job performance.

Practical implications
These findings indicate that in the Japanese context, the firm’s investment in organizational virtuousness will increase one part of job performance, but that investment may not be sufficient in itself to positively affect leadership competency, unless it also pays attention to its employees’ positive subjective well-being.

Originality/value
Based on this growing realization of the importance of subjective well-being, or happiness, and the lack of academic research in Japan on its impact on organization, this paper investigates its effect on employees’ ability to manage their own tasks and lead others.
The impact of sovereign rating events on bank stock returns
Authors: Hu Haoshen 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the impact of sovereign rating signals on domestic banks’ stock returns in a European context.

Design/methodology/approach
The author uses an event study technique to measure short-term bank stock abnormal returns that result from domestic positive or negative sovereign rating events. Then, test results from the univariate event studies are further scrutinised with the bank- and sovereign-related factors related to cross-sectional variations in abnormal bank returns.

Findings
The univariate results show that positive sovereign rating events do not lead to significant bank stock price reactions, while negative events are associated with negative share price effects on domestic banks. The multivariate regression results for the subsample of negative rating events show that the degrees of contagion effects depend on which credit rating agency issues the signal, on whether the events are preceded by other negative sovereign rating signals, and in some cases on the sovereign’s initial rating level and on the bank’s liquidity ratio, profitability level and size.

Originality/value
The study improves the test procedures used by Caselli et al. (2016) and sheds light on the bank valuation effect induced by massive negative sovereign rating signals during the crisis period. The results highlight the share price effect of sovereign events and address political implications of introducing risk weights for sovereign debts.
Self‐changing behaviour in smoking cessation linked to trait and cognitive impulsivity
Authors: Celma‐Merola Jaume , Abella‐Pons Francesc , Mata Fernanda , Pedra‐Pagés Gerard , Verdejo‐Garcia Antonio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground and aimsTo compare impulsivity, measured using self‐report and cognitive tasks in people who ceased smoking without treatment (self‐changers) with each of the following groups: (i) smoking non‐treatment‐seekers, (ii) people in smoking cessation treatment and currently abstinent and (iii) people in smoking cessation treatment but non‐abstinent.DesignCross‐sectional, observational study.SettingThe smoking cessation unit of a public general hospital, Hospital de Santa Maria, in Lleida, Spain. All participants were from the hospital's catchment area.ParticipantsOne hundred and twenty participants, classified in four groups: (1) self‐changers (n = 30, 21 females, mean age = 41.50 years), (2) non‐treatment‐seekers (n = 30, 17 females, mean age = 35.27 years), (3) people in smoking cessation treatment and currently abstinent (n = 30, 17 females, mean age = 48.93 years) and (4) people in smoking cessation treatment but non‐abstinent (n = 30, 21 females, mean age = 33.70 years).MeasurementsThe Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, including measures of non‐planning, attentional and motor impulsivity, and two behavioural tasks measuring cognitive inhibition (Stroop test) and choice impulsivity (delay‐discounting task). Confounders included sex, age, education, employment, smoking severity, depression and trait and state anxiety.FindingsAlthough not on the other three measures, we found significant group differences on trait non‐planning impulsivity and Stroop performance. Self‐changers, compared with non‐treatment‐seekers, had lower non‐planning impulsivity (P = 0.018, Cohen's d = 0.62) and better Stroop performance (P = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.66). Self‐changers also had better Stroop performance than participants in treatment and currently abstinent (P = 0.002, Cohen's d = 0.85).ConclusionsPeople who have stopped smoking without treatment appear to have lower non‐planning impulsivity and more effective cognitive inhibition compared with smoking non‐treatment‐seekers, and better cognitive inhibition than people who cease smoking with treatment aid.
Mecamylamine treatment for alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Petrakis Ismene L. , Ralevski Elizabeth , Gueorguieva Ralitza , O'Malley Stephanie S. , Arias Albert , Sevarino Kevin A. , Jane Jane S. , O'Brien Erin , Krystal John H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground and aimsThe nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, mecamylamine, is a potential novel pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder. The aims were to compare alcohol consumption between mecamylamine and placebo and test if smoking status modified treatment effects.DesignOut‐patient, randomized, double‐blind clinical trial for 12 weeks of treatment with mecamylamine (10 mg) (n = 65) versus placebo (n = 63).SettingConnecticut, USA.ParticipantsIndividuals had current alcohol dependence (n = 128), had an average age of 48.5 [standard deviation (SD) = 9.4], 110 (85.9%) were men, and included 74 smokers (57.8%) and 54 non‐smokers (42.2%). Participants were randomized to mecamylamine 10 mg per day or placebo. All subjects also received medical management therapy administered by trained research personnel.MeasurementsPrimary outcome was percentage of heavy drinking days during the last month of treatment; other outcomes included drinking days, drinks per drinking days, alcohol craving, smoking, symptoms of nicotine withdrawal and side effects.FindingsThere were no significant differences in the percentage of heavy drinking days at 3 months between the mecamylamine (mean = 18.4, SD = 29.0) and placebo treatment groups (mean = 20.4, SD = 29.2) [F1, 100 = 1.3, P = 0.25; effect size d = 0.07; mean difference = 2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −8.96 to 13.08]. There were no significant differences in percentage of drinking days or in drinks per drinking day at month 3 between the mecamylamine and placebo groups; there were no significant interactions.ConclusionsMecamylamine 10 mg per day did not reduce alcohol consumption significantly in treatment‐seeking smokers and non‐smokers with alcohol use disorder.
Erectile function after stereotactic body radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Dess Robert T. , Hartman Holly E. , Aghdam Nima , Jackson William C. , Soni Payal D. , Abugharib Ahmed E. , Suy Simeng , Desai Neil B. , Zumsteg Zachary S. , Mehra Rohit , Morgan Todd M. , Feng Felix Y. , Hamstra Daniel A. , Schipper Matthew J. , Collins Sean P. , Spratt Daniel E. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo elucidate the functional erection rate after prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and to develop a comprehensive prognostic model of outcomes after treatment.Patients and MethodsBetween 2008 and 2013, 373 consecutive men with localized prostate cancer were treated with SBRT at a single academic institution as part of a prospective clinical trial or prospective registry. Prospective longitudinal patient‐reported health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) data was collected using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC)‐26 instrument. Functional erections were strictly defined as ‘firm enough for intercourse’ according to EPIC‐26. Detailed comorbidity data were also collected. Logistic regression models were used to predict 24‐ and 60‐month functional erection rates. Observed erection rates after SBRT were compared with those after other radiation therapies (external beam radiation therapy [EBRT] and brachytherapy) using prospectively validated models.ResultsThe median (interquartile range) follow‐up was 56 (37–73) months and the response rate at 2 years was 84%. For those with functional erections at baseline, 57% and 45% retained function at 24 and 60 months, respectively. On multivariable analysis for 24‐month erectile function, significant variables included higher baseline sexual HRQoL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.55 per 10 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37–1.74; P < 0.001) and older age (aOR 0.66 per 10 years, 95% CI 0.43–1.00; P = 0.05). At 60 months, baseline HRQoL and age remained associated with erectile function, along with body mass index (aOR 0.45, 95% CI 0.26–0.78; P < 0.001). The 24‐ and 60‐month models had excellent discrimination (c‐index 0.81 and 0.84, respectively). Erection rates after SBRT were not statistically different from model‐predicted rates after EBRT or brachytherapy for the whole cohort and the cohort with baseline erectile function.ConclusionsIntermediate‐ to long‐term post‐SBRT erectile function results are promising and not significantly different from other radiotherapy techniques. Clinicians can use our prognostic model to counsel patients regarding expected erectile function after SBRT.
Identifying Species Conservation Strategies to Reduce Disease‐Associated Declines
Authors: Gerber Brian D. , Converse Sarah J. , Muths Erin , Crockett Harry J. , Mosher Brittany A. , Bailey Larissa L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEmerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a salient threat to many animal taxa, causing local and global extinctions, altering communities and ecosystem function. The EID chytridiomycosis is a prominent driver of amphibian declines, which is caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). To guide conservation policy, we developed a predictive decision‐analytic model that combines empirical knowledge of host‐pathogen metapopulation dynamics with expert judgment regarding effects of management actions, to select from potential conservation strategies. We apply our approach to a boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) and Bd system, identifying optimal strategies that balance tradeoffs in maximizing toad population persistence and landscape‐level distribution, while considering costs. The most robust strategy is expected to reduce the decline of toad breeding sites from 53% to 21% over 50 years. Our findings are incorporated into management policy to guide conservation planning. Our online modeling application provides a template for managers of other systems challenged by EIDs.
Biophysical investigation of type A PutAs reveals a conserved core oligomeric structure
Authors: Korasick David A. , Singh Harkewal , Pemberton Travis A. , Luo Min , Dhatwalia Richa , Tanner John J. 
Published: July 2017

Many enzymes form homooligomers, yet the functional significance of self‐association is seldom obvious. Herein, we examine the connection between oligomerization and catalytic function for proline utilization A (PutA) enzymes. PutAs are bifunctional enzymes that catalyze both reactions of proline catabolism. Type A PutAs are the smallest members of the family, possessing a minimal domain architecture consisting of N‐terminal proline dehydrogenase and C‐terminal l‐glutamate‐γ‐semialdehyde dehydrogenase modules. Type A PutAs form domain‐swapped dimers, and in one case (Bradyrhizobium japonicum PutA), two of the dimers assemble into a ring‐shaped tetramer. Whereas the dimer has a clear role in substrate channeling, the functional significance of the tetramer is unknown. To address this question, we performed structural studies of four‐type A PutAs from two clades of the PutA tree. The crystal structure of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus PutA covalently inactivated by N‐propargylglycine revealed a fold and substrate‐channeling tunnel similar to other PutAs. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and analytical ultracentrifugation indicated that Bdellovibrio PutA is dimeric in solution, in contrast to the prediction from crystal packing of a stable tetrameric assembly. SAXS studies of two other type A PutAs from separate clades also suggested that the dimer predominates in solution. To assess whether the tetramer of B. japonicum PutA is necessary for catalytic function, a hot spot disruption mutant that cleanly produces dimeric protein was generated. The dimeric variant exhibited kinetic parameters similar to the wild‐type enzyme. These results implicate the domain‐swapped dimer as the core structural and functional unit of type A PutAs.EnzymesProline dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.5.2); l‐glutamate‐γ‐semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.88).DatabasesThe atomic coordinates and structure factor amplitudes have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession number 5UR2. The SAXS data have been deposited in the SASBDB under the following accession codes: SASDCP3 (BbPutA), SASDCQ3 (DvPutA 1.5 mg·mL−1), SASDCX3 (DvPutA 3.0 mg·mL−1), SASDCY3 (DvPutA 4.5 mg·mL−1), SASDCR3 (LpPutA 3.0 mg·mL−1), SASDCV3 (LpPutA 5.0 mg·mL−1), SASDCW3 (LpPutA 8.0 mg·mL−1), SASDCS3 (BjPutA 2.3 mg·mL−1), SASDCT3 (BjPutA 4.7 mg·mL−1), SASDCU3 (BjPutA 7.0 mg·mL−1), SASDCZ3 (R51E 2.3 mg·mL−1), SASDC24 (R51E 4.7 mg·mL−1), SASDC34 (R51E 7.0 mg·mL−1).