bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paracrine interactions of cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages and endothelial cells: tumor allies and foes
Authors: Ronca Roberto , Van Ginderachter Jo A. , Turtoi Andrei 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
Tumor stroma is composed of many cellular subtypes, of which the most abundant are fibroblasts, macrophages and endothelial cells. During the process of tissue injury, these three cellular subtypes must coordinate their activity to efficiently contribute to tissue regeneration. In tumor, this mechanism is hijacked by cancer cells, which rewire the interaction of stromal cells to benefit tumor development. The present review aims at summarizing most relevant information concerning both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic actions implicating the three stromal cell subtypes as well as their mutual interactions.

Recent findings
Although stromal cells are generally regarded as tumor-supportive and at will manipulated by cancer cells, several novel studies point at many defaults in cancer cell-mediated stromal reprograming. Indeed, parts of initial tissue-protective and homeostatic functions of the stromal cells remain in place even after tumor development. Both tumor-supportive and tumor-suppressive functions have been well described for macrophages, whereas similar results are emerging for fibroblasts and endothelial cells.

Summary
Recent success of immunotherapies have finally brought the long awaited proof that stroma is key for efficient tumor targeting. However, a better understanding of paracrine stromal interactions is needed in order to encourage drug development not only aiming at disruption of tumor-supportive communication but also re-enforcing, existing, tumor-suppressive mechanisms.
Multidirectional Cranial Distraction Osteogenesis with Simplified Modifications for Treating Sagittal Synostosis
Authors: Sunaga Ataru , Sugawara Yasushi , Kamochi Hideaki , Gomi Akira , Chi Daekwan , Asahi Rintaro , Mori Masanori , Sarukawa Shunji , Uda Hirokazu , Yoshimura Kotaro 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Multidirectional cranial distraction osteogenesis (MCDO) is a procedure of ours developed earlier for treating craniosynostosis. However, the numerous bone flaps led to prolonged operative time and occasional bone detachment from dura. We have since simplified the osteotomy design. In treating sagittal synostosis, required bone flaps have been reduced to 11 (from ~20).

Methods:
In a 2-year period (2014–2015), 5 boys with sagittal synostosis underwent MCDO using our simplified and fixed-form osteotomy. Mean age at surgery was 9.4 months (range, 8–11 months). Pre- and postoperative cranial morphology was assessed by cephalic index and by mid-sagittal vector analysis.

Results:
Improved cranial shape was confirmed by 3-dimensional CT scans and by mid-sagittal vector index. Mean preoperative cephalic index (68.7) progressively increased to means of 78.5 immediately after distraction device removal, 75.2 at postoperative month 6, and 75.1 at 1 year postoperatively. There were no major complications, although transient cerebrospinal fluid leakage and loosening of anchor pins occurred in 1 patient.

Conclusions:
Simplified MCDO has a number of advantages over conventional distraction procedures such as discretionary reshaping/expansion of cranium and predictable osteogenesis and is a valid treatment option for patients with sagittal synostosis.
TWELVE-MONTH EFFICACY OF INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB INJECTION FOR CHRONIC, ATYPICAL, OR RECURRENT CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Chung Yoo-Ri , Kim Jong Wan , Song Ji Hun , Park Aram , Kim Min Ho 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection efficacy for the treatment of chronic, atypical, or recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods:
Clinical data from 77 eyes of 71 patients with chronic, atypical, or recurrent CSC treated with IVB were retrospectively analyzed. After initial 6-weekly IVB administration until no subretinal fluid remained at the fovea, additional as-needed IVBs were administered, based on optical coherence tomography findings. Best-corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness (CRT) were analyzed at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after initial IVB.

Results:
The significant improvement of baseline logarithm of minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity and CRT at 3 months (both P < 0.001) was maintained throughout the 12-month follow-up period. Best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly in patients with chronic and recurrent CSC, at all time points (all P < 0.05), but not in patients with atypical CSC. The CRT reduction was significant in all subgroups during the follow-up period (all P < 0.05). Definite leakage on initial fluorescein angiography correlated with improved reduction in CRT (P = 0.039).

Conclusion:
As-needed optical coherence tomography–based IVB was effective for reducing CRT in patients with chronic, atypical, or recurrent CSC, and for vision improvement in chronic and recurrent CSC over the 1-year follow-up period.
Comfort, Ocular Dryness, and Equilibrium Water Content Changes of Daily Disposable Contact Lenses
Authors: Insua Pereira Eduardo , Lira Madalena 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the level of comfort and ocular dryness during wear with six daily disposable contact lenses (DDCL) and also determine the changes in contact lens equilibrium water content (EWC) resulting from their wear.

Methods:
In this contralateral open trial, 27 subjects were randomly fitted with six DDCL (stenfilcon A, delefilcon A, nelfilcon A, narafilcon A, nesofilcon A, and omafilcon A). The evaluation of comfort and ocular dryness sensation was recorded by the participants at two moments of the day (11 am and 5 pm) over a period of 10 days of contact lens wear. The assessment was made with the aid of visual analogue scales (0–10). The refractive index of 54 contact lenses was accessed by a single operator using a digital automated refractometer (CLR 12-70; Index Instruments). The EWC of the lenses was estimated based on its refractive index values.

Results:
Comfort ratings were slightly higher for delefilcon A (9.56±0.67, P=0.01) and narafilcon A (9.40±0.93, P=0.01) and these lenses wearers also reported less ocular dryness. The results revealed a pronounced water content reduction for omafilcon A (P=0.002), narafilcon A (P=0.008), and nesofilcon A (P=0.003).

Conclusion:
Although changes in subjective responses and EWC were distinct among the materials analyzed, all the contact lenses performed well during the 10 days of wear.
Chronic and Intermittent Angle Closure Caused by In-The-Bag Capsular Tension Ring and Intraocular Lens Dislocation in Patients With Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome
Authors: Bochmann Frank , Strümer Jörg 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
A subluxation or dislocation of the intraocular lens (IOL) is a well-known complication after cataract surgery in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). Capsular tension rings (CTR) are frequently used to prevent postoperative complications caused by zonular weakness. Here we present a series of 7 cases, 2 with intermittent and 5 with acute angle closure caused by a combination of PEX-associated zonular weakness and a resulting unstable capsular bag-CTR-IOL complex.

Materials and Methods:
We describe the typical clinical course with elevated intraocular pressure, myopic shift, and shallowing of the anterior chamber in 7 patients with a new type of secondary angle closure. The diagnostic challenges and treatment options are discussed in detail.

Results:
In all cases, the mechanism of angle closure identified by ultrasound biomicroscopy was an anterior dislocation of the peripheral iris by the capsular bag-CTR-IOL complex. The IOL was removed together with the capsular bag and the CTR and replaced by an iris-fixated IOL in all cases.

Conclusions:
We present a new type of secondary angle closure caused by an anterior dislocated capsular bag-CTR-IOL complex. The cause of both, this atypical presentation and the ineffectiveness of the laser peripheral iridotomy is the large diameter CTR. Therefore CTR implantation might also be the source of late postoperative complications. If a secondary angle closure associated with PEX and unstable capsular bag-CTR-IOL complex is encountered, IOL explantation and replacement by an iris-fixated IOL is a simple and effective treatment option.
Review and update on postoperative opioid use after nasal and sinus surgery
Authors: Becker Sophia D. , Becker Daniel G. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
We examine the current literature on pain management after sinus and nasal surgery. The goal after surgery is to provide effective pain management without having too many ‘leftovers’, as leftover medications are an important source of opioids that are fueling the current prescription narcotic epidemic in the United States. There are more than 250 000 sinus operations and 260 000 septoplasties performed annually, and surgeons commonly prescribe a narcotic pain medication for postoperative pain management.

Recent findings
The literature suggests that an evidence-based approach may lead surgeons to prescribe significantly less narcotic pain medication for these procedures without affecting pain management.

Summary
An evidence-based approach to pain management can result in unchanged pain control and a significant positive impact on the narcotic abuse epidemic.
Resolving Malnutrition With Parenteral Nutrition Before Liver Transplant in Biliary Atresia
Authors: Wendel Danielle , Mortensen Melissa , Harmeson Alisha , Shaffer Michele L. , Hsu Evelyn , Horslen Simon 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:Malnutrition is a common complication of end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) associated with poor liver transplant outcomes. Nasogastric feeds are used for nutritional supplementation, but some patients remain malnourished. Parenteral nutrition (PN) can be effective, but has potential complications. The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of PN on anthropometric measures in children with ESLD awaiting liver transplant. Secondary objectives were evaluation of PN‐associated complications, liver function tests, pediatric end‐stage liver disease scores, waitlist time, and post‐transplant length of stay (total and time in the intensive care unit).Methods:A single‐center, retrospective chart review analyzing pediatric patients with ESLD receiving PN who were transplanted during a 6‐year period. Data were trended and described over time, as were the relationships between anthropometric data and time receiving PN.Results:A total of 44 patients with ESLD were transplanted between January 2010 and December 2015. Eighteen (41%) received PN before transplant; all had biliary atresia with median age at transplant of 10 months (range, 5–18 months). Mid‐upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness showed resolution of malnutrition in 7 patients (39%) with normalization of 1 measure in another 4 patients (22%). Of the remaining, 6 had improved z scores and 1 had worsening malnutrition. No deaths occurred in patients receiving PN. Central line infection rates were 3.8/1000 catheter days with 8 total infections in 6 patients over a total of 2117 catheter days.Conclusions:Children with ESLD and malnutrition who have failed enteral feeding may benefit from PN to improve and/or resolve malnutrition before liver transplant.
Long‐term Exposure of Children to a Mixed Lipid Emulsion Is Less Hepatotoxic Than Soybean‐based Lipid Emulsion
Authors: Lam Carol K.L. , Church Peter C. , Haliburton Beth , Chambers Kathryn , Martincevic Inez , Vresk Laura , Courtney‐Martin Glenda , Bandsma Robert , Avitzur Yaron , Wales Paul C. , Mouzaki Marialena 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTLipid emulsions have been associated with liver injury. Newer mixed emulsions (ML), such as SMOFlipid (Fresenius Kabi, Germany), are thought to be more hepatoprotective than soybean‐based emulsions (SL), such as Intralipid (Baxter). Pediatric studies comparing long‐term use between the 2 are limited. This study compares the severity of hepatic injury between a prospective cohort of hospitalized children on ML (n = 20) and a historical age‐ and diagnosis‐matched cohort of hospitalized children on SL (n = 20). Median exposure to ML and SL were 10 versus 6 weeks (P = 0.030), respectively, at similar median lipid doses (2.2 vs 2.1 g · kg−1 · day−1). Using a generalized estimating equations approach, conjugated bilirubin trajectory was found to be lower in patients on ML compared with SL (P < 0.001), suggesting that prolonged exposure (≥4 weeks) to ML is associated with decreased liver injury compared with SL in hospitalized children.
Disparities in Zika Virus Testing and Incidence Among Women of Reproductive Age—New York City, 2016
Authors: Lee Christopher T. , Greene Sharon K. , Baumgartner Jennifer , Fine Anne 
Published: October 2017

Context:
The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYC DOHMH) performs surveillance for reportable diseases, including Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and disease, to inform public health responses. Incidence rates of other mosquito-borne diseases related to international travel are associated with census tract poverty level in NYC, suggesting that high poverty areas might be at higher risk for ZIKV infections.

Objectives:
We assessed ZIKV testing rates and incidence of travel-associated infection among reproductive age women in NYC to identify areas with high incidence and low testing rates and assess the effectiveness of public health interventions.

Design:
We analyzed geocoded ZIKV surveillance data collected by NYC DOHMH. Women aged 15 to 44 years tested during January-July 2016 (n = 4733) were assigned to census tracts, which we grouped by poverty level and quartile of the number of persons born in countries or territories with mosquito-borne ZIKV transmission as a proxy for risk of travel to these areas. We calculated crude ZIKV testing rates, incidence rates, and incidence rate ratios (IRRs).

Setting:
New York City.

Results:
Eight percent of patients (n = 376) tested had evidence of ZIKV infection. Cumulative incidence was higher both in areas with higher versus lower poverty levels (IRR = 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-3.0) and in areas with the largest versus smallest populations of persons born in countries or territories with mosquito-borne ZIKV transmission (IRR = 11.3; 95% CI, 6.2-20.7). Initially, ZIKV testing rates were lowest in higher poverty areas with the largest populations of persons born in countries or territories with mosquito-borne ZIKV transmission (15/100 000), but following targeted interventions, testing rates were highest in these areas (80/100 000).

Conclusions:
Geocoded data enabled us to identify communities with low testing but high ZIKV incidence rates, intervene to promote testing and reduce barriers to testing, and measure changes in testing rates.
High-Performing Local Health Departments Relate Their Experiences at Community Engagement in Emergency Preparedness
Authors: Schoch-Spana Monica , Ravi Sanjana , Meyer Diane , Biesiadecki Laura , Mwaungulu Geoffrey 
Published: October 2017

Context:
Local health departments (LHDs) are implementing a national mandate to engage community partners, including individuals, businesses, and community- and faith-based organizations in the larger public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) enterprise.

Objective:
Investigate how LHDs of varying size and resource levels successfully engage the community in PHEP to help uncover “best practices” that aspiring agencies can replicate, particularly in low-resource environments.

Design:
In-depth, semistructured qualitative interviews with practitioners from 9 highly performing LHDs.

Setting:
Participating agencies comprised equal amounts of small (serving <50 000 residents), medium (serving 50 000-500 000 residents), and large (serving >500 000 residents) LHDs and were diverse in terms of geographic region, rural-urban environment, and governance structure.

Participants:
A cross section of LHD staff (n = 34) including agency leaders, preparedness coordinators, public information officers, and health educators/promoters.

Main Outcome Measure:
Local health department performance at community engagement as determined by top scores in 2 national LHD surveys (2012, 2015) regarding community engagement in PHEP.

Results:
Based on key informant accounts, high-performing LHDs show a holistic, organization-wide commitment to, rather than discrete focus on, community engagement. Best practices clustered around 5 domains: administration (eg, top executive who models collaborative behavior), organizational culture (eg, solicitous rather than prescriptive posture regarding community needs), social capital (eg, mining preexisting community connections held by other LHD programs), workforce skills (eg, cultural competence), and methods/tactics (eg, visibility in community events unrelated to PHEP).

Conclusions:
For LHDs that wish to enhance their performance at community engagement in PHEP, change will entail adoption of evidence-based interventions (the technical “what”) as well as evidence-based administrative approaches (the managerial “how”). Smaller, rural LHDs should be encouraged that, in the case of PHEP community engagement, they have unique social assets that may help offset advantages that larger, more materially resourced metropolitan health departments may have.
Oxygen, Left/Right Asymmetry, and Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Vieira Alexandre R. , Dattilo Sheila 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCleft lip and palate is the most common craniofacial birth defect, and its etiology has been the focus of many reports in the literature. It is well accepted that both genetics and environment play a role in the condition; however, the authors still have not been able to translate what have been learned into clinical applications. This paper provides an interpretation of 2 possible mechanisms leading to cleft lip and palate in humans. First, the authors reflect on the known association between maternal cigarette smoking and risk for cleft lip and palate and the proposed hypoxic mechanism put forward to explain this association. Second, the authors reflect on the difference in frequency between left and right cleft lip and propose that without more extensive clinical definitions, it will be difficult to definitely unveil genetic targets that can be used for counseling.
Nasopharyngoscopic Analyses through Anterior Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis for Adolescent Patients With Cleft Palate
Authors: Imai Yoshimichi , Nakajo Tetsu , Nishimura Kazuaki , Kanzaki Hiroyuki , Daimaruya Takayoshi , Satoh Akimitsu , Igarashi Kaoru , Tachi Masahiro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAnterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis (AMDO) is a novel technique for correcting hypoplastic maxilla by sagittal expansion of the maxilla. Recent reports suggest that AMDO does not have an effect on fragile velopharyngeal function in patients with cleft palate. Furthermore, no studies have evaluated the impact of AMDO on velopharyngeal function.We adopted AMDO to correct severe hypoplastic maxilla in adolescent patients with cleft palate and evaluated its impact on velopharyngeal space and function in 8 patients aged 12 to 21 years who underwent AMDO from 2006 to 2014. All the patients had received treatment for cleft palate; however, they still exhibited marginal velopharyngeal insufficiency. The mean activation of the distractor was 10.9 ± 0.9 mm.We determined changes in velopharyngeal closure ratio and closure pattern via nasopharyngoscopy. Additionally, skeletal changes were evaluated using lateral cephalograms.The mean horizontal advancement in the cephalogram obtained 1 year after the distraction was +6.4 mm. Nasopharyngoscopic examination revealed that no deterioration of velopharyngeal gap had occurred after AMDO in all 8 patients. The velopharyngeal closure pattern changed from coronal to circular in 1 patient.Our results indicate that AMDO achieved correction of hypoplastic maxilla without deterioration in velopharyngeal gap and function. Therefore, AMDO is an effective and optimal approach for correcting hypoplastic maxilla especially in patients with fragile velopharyngeal function, such as those with cleft palate.
Endoscopic Full-thickness Resection for Gastric Subepithelial Tumors Originating From the Muscularis Propria: A 69-Case Series
Authors: Sun Meiling , Song Jitao , Song Xinuan , Liu Bingrong 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
This report describes a mini-invasive technique called endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) for the treatment of gastric subepithelial tumors (SETs) originating from the muscularis propria (MP).

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 69 patients with gastric SETs originating from the MP at our hospital between September 2009 and July 2016. The data from each patient were reviewed, including patient information, tumor characteristics, procedure-related data, and recurrence rates.

Results:
Successful complete resection by EFR was achieved in 69 cases. The complete resection rate was 100%, and the mean resected tumor size was 2.25±1.40 (range, 0.6 to 6) cm. No residual tumor recurrence was detected during the follow-up period in 57 patients. The other 12 patients were lost to follow-up.

Conclusions:
EFR seems to be a safe and effective technique for the treatment of patients with gastric SETs originating from the MP.
Muscle Strength and Independence for Older Individuals in Nursing Homes
Authors: Tarsuslu-Şimşek Tülay , Yanardag Mehmet 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of isometric muscle strength of the lower and upper extremities on independence in activities of daily living in older people living in nursing homes.

Methods:
The study involved 111 voluntary older persons living in 3 nursing homes, who met the inclusion criteria. The sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were recorded. Muscle strength of the shoulder flexors, extensors, abductors, external rotators, elbow flexors and extensors in the upper extremities, and hip flexors, extensors, abductors, knee flexors, and extensors in the lower extremities were evaluated with an isometric dynamometer. The level of independence in the daily living activities of the older persons was assessed with the Functional Independence Measure in this study.

Results:
A significant difference was determined in the muscle strength of the shoulder and elbow extensor in the right side for both males and females (P < .05). In both genders, a statistically significant relationship was found between functional independence and the muscle strength of the shoulder flexor, extensor, abductor, elbow flexor, hip extensor, and knee flexor in both sides of the extremities (P < .05).

Conclusion:
The muscle strength values of the upper extremities were more associated with the activity level of daily living than the muscle strength of the lower extremities in older persons. The level of daily living activities was seen to be more affected by the muscle strength values of the older females than the males.