bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereo‐imaging AUV detects trends in sea urchin abundance on deep overgrazed reefs
Authors: Ling S. D. , Mahon I. , Marzloff M. P. , Pizarro O. , Johnson C. R. , Williams S. B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRemote underwater vehicles are cutting‐edge tools for mapping benthic habitats, yet their reliability for detecting patterns in abundance of benthic species remains largely unexplored. Here, we use a stereo‐imaging AUV to investigate changes in abundance of the overgrazing sea urchin, Centrostephanus rodgersii, which has undergone climate driven range‐extension to Tasmania. As part of ongoing bi‐yearly monitoring of urchin impacts (June 2009–2013), the benthic stereo‐imaging AUV (Sirius) surveyed fixed geo‐referenced 25 × 25 m plots (625 m2) on deep “urchin barrens” (25–30 m depth) and shallow barren/kelp transition zones (8–16 m) at two sites at St. Helens, northeast Tasmania (−41.25; 148.34). Coincident with initial AUV deployments, urchin abundance was also estimated in the same reef plots using conventional SCUBA diver belt‐transects; with comparison of AUV and diver sampling showing AUV‐derived estimates to be ∼ 40% lower; while additional AUV sampling at night (high risk for divers in deep water) detected abundances only ∼16% lower than that measured by daytime divers, demonstrating strong nocturnal emergence of C. rodgersii. Importantly, patterns in C. rodgersii abundance across reefs and depths were similar between methods; and long‐term population trends were concordant between diver and AUV methods. At finer‐scales, AUV detections were compromised where remnant kelp canopies obscured urchins, indicating divers to be superior for detecting early‐warning of population increases within intact kelp beds. Comparison of C. rodgersii with two other macro‐invertebrates (sea cucumber Australostichopus mollis and sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma) revealed that while stereo‐imaging AUVs can detect space/time variability in macro‐invertebrate abundance, detectability is highly dependent on local ecologies and species‐specific behaviours.
Study of levodopa response in Parkinson's disease: Observations on rates of motor progression
Authors: Ding Catherine , Ganesvaran Ganga , Alty Jane E. , Clissold Benjamin G. , McColl Craig D. , Reardon Katrina A. , Schiff Mark , Srikanth Velandai , Kempster Peter A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionIt is important to understand how the rate of motor progression in PD relates to dopaminergic treatment.MethodsThe methods for this study comprised prospective defined off state measurements of the levodopa response at 3‐year intervals over a mean 13.3‐year period in 34 patients enrolled before treatment initiation.ResultsDespite worsening of on and off scores, the magnitude of the l‐dopa short‐duration response is maintained as the disease progresses. A linear mixed‐effects regression analysis of off phase motor scores showed a yearly deterioration of 2.3% of the maximum disability score. Greater motor disability at the commencement of treatment was an independent predictor of faster progression. Demented patients had worse motor function than those without dementia (P = 0.02), and motor deficit appeared to accelerate toward the end of the disease course in patients who had died.ConclusionsThese observations should inform clinical trial design for drugs with possible neuroprotective properties. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Detection of novel metabolites of flaxseed lignans in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Quartieri Andrea , García‐Villalba Rocío , Amaretti Alberto , Raimondi Stefano , Leonardi Alan , Rossi Maddalena , Tomàs‐Barberàn Francisco 
Published: February 2016

ScopeThis study aimed to improve the knowledge of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) transformation by human gut microbiota.Methods and resultsSDG‐supplemented microbiota cultures were inoculated with the feces of five subjects. The same volunteers received a flaxseed supplement for 7 days. SDG metabolites in cultures, feces, and urine were monitored by LC‐ESI‐QTOF and LC‐DAD. In all cultures, SDG was deglycosylated to secoisolariciresinol (SECO) within 12 h. SECO underwent successive dehydroxylations and demethylations yielding enterodiol (4–18% conversion) and enterolactone (0.2–6%) after 24 h. Novel intermediates related to SECO, matairesinol (MATA), and anhydrosecoisolariciresinol (AHS) were identified in fecal cultures. These metabolites were also found after flaxseed consumption in feces and urine (in approximate amounts between 0.01–47.03 μg/g and 0.01–13.49 μg/mL, respectively) in their native form and/or modified by phase II human enzymes (glucuronide, sulfate and sulfoglucuronide conjugates).ConclusionsDerivatives of MATA and AHS are described for the first time as intermediates of SDG biotransformation by intestinal bacteria, providing a more comprehensive knowledge of lignan intestinal metabolism. The transformations observed in vitro seem to occur in vivo as well. The detection in urine of SDG intermediates indicates their gut absorption, opening new perspectives on the study of their systemic biological effects.
Urolithin A, C, and D, but not iso‐urolithin A and urolithin B, attenuate triglyceride accumulation in human cultures of adipocytes and hepatocytes
Authors: Kang Inhae , Kim YongEun , Tomás‐Barberán Francisco A. , Espín Juan Carlos , Chung Soonkyu 
Published: February 2016

ScopeUrolithins (Uro) are ellagic acid (EA)‐derived metabolites produced by gut microbes. There is a growing interest in the biological activities of Uro. Our aim was to evaluate the impacts of Uro on regulating triglyceride (TG) accumulation using cultures of primary human adipocytes and hepatoma Huh7 cells.Methods and resultsUroA, UroB, UroC, UroD, and iso‐UroA were used to determine the effect of Uro on adipogenesis and lipogenesis. Individual Uro (30 μM) were added to human adipogenic stem cells during differentiation. UroA, UroC, and UroD, but not iso‐UroA and UroB, significantly inhibited new fat cell formation by decreasing TG accumulation and adipogenic protein and gene expressions. The regulation of TG synthesis by Uro was investigated via metabolic chasing with radiolabeled precursors. UroA, UroC, and UroD attenuated TG accumulation, while increasing the fatty acid (FA) oxidation in adipocytes and h/epatoma Huh7 cells. Furthermore, UroC, UroD, and UroA promoted the phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase, suggesting that Uro may alter energy‐sensing metabolic pathways in primary human adipocytes.ConclusionsTaken together, our results demonstrated that UroA, UroC, and UroD, but not isoUroA and UroB, reduce TG accumulation and increase FA oxidation in adipocytes as well as hepatocytes.
Immediate effect of vibratory stimuli on quadriceps function in healthy adults
Authors: Pamukoff Derek N. , Pietrosimone Brian , Lewek Michael D. , Ryan Eric D. , Weinhold Paul S. , Lee Dustin R. , Blackburn J. Troy 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) and local muscle vibration (LMV) on quadriceps function. Methods: Sixty adults were randomized to WBV, LMV, or control groups. Quadriceps function [Hoffmann (H)‐reflex, active motor threshold (AMT), motor evoked potential (MEP) and electromyographic amplitude, peak torque (PT), rate of torque development (RTD), and central activation ratio (CAR)] was assessed before and immediately after and 10 and 20 minutes after interventions. Results: WBV improved PT, CAR, AMT, EMG, and MEP amplitude, and EMG amplitude and CAR were greater than control after application. LMV improved EMG amplitude and AMT, and EMG amplitude was greater than control after application. AMT remained lower 10 and 20 minutes after WBV and LMV. No differences were noted between LMV and WBV. Vibration did not influence H‐reflex or RTD. Conclusions: WBV and LMV increased quadriceps function and may be used to enhance the efficacy of strengthening protocols. Muscle Nerve 54: 469–478, 2016
Small fiber neuropathy: Getting bigger!
Authors: Chan Amanda C.Y. , Wilder‐Smith Einar P. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTEtiological and clinical heterogeneity of small fiber neuropathy (SFN) precludes a unifying approach and necessitates reliance on recognizable clinical syndromes. Symptoms of SFN arise from dysfunction in nociception, temperature, and autonomic modalities. This review focuses on SFN involving nociception and temperature, examining epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management. Prevalence of SFN is 52.95 per 100,000 population, and diabetes and idiopathic are the most common etiologies. Dysesthesia, allodynia, pain, burning, and coldness sensations frequently present in a length‐dependent pattern. Additional autonomic features in gastrointestinal, urinary, or cardiovascular systems are frequent but poorly objectified. SFN is diagnosed by intraepidermal nerve fiber density and quantitative sensory and autonomic tests in combination with normal nerve conduction. Pathophysiological understanding centers on sodium channel dysfunction, and genetic forms are beginning to be understood. Treatment is directed at the underlying etiology supported by symptomatic treatment using antidepressants and anticonvulsants. Little is known about long‐term outcomes, and systematic cohort studies are needed. Muscle Nerve 53: 671–682, 2016
Function changing mutations in glucocorticoid receptor evolution correlate with their relevance to mode coupling
Authors: Kav Batuhan , Öztürk Murat , Kabakçιoğlu Alkan 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTNonlinear effects in protein dynamics are expected to play role in function, particularly of allosteric nature, by facilitating energy transfer between vibrational modes. A recently proposed method focusing on the non‐Gaussian shape of the configurational population near equilibrium projects this information onto real space in order to identify the aminoacids relevant to function. We here apply this method to three ancestral proteins in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) family and show that the mutations that restrict functional activity during GR evolution correlate significantly with locations that are highlighted by the nonlinear contribution to the near‐native configurational distribution. Our findings demonstrate that the analysis of nonlinear effects in protein dynamics can be harnessed into a predictive tool for functional site determination. Proteins 2016; 84:655–665. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystal structure of the deglycating enzyme Amadoriase I in its free form and substrate‐bound complex
Authors: Rigoldi Federica , Gautieri Alfonso , Dalle Vedove Andrea , Lucarelli Anna Paola , Vesentini Simone , Parisini Emilio 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTAmadoriases, also known as fructosyl amine oxidases (FAOX), are enzymes that catalyze the de‐glycosylation of fructosyl amino acids. As such, they are excellent candidates for the development of enzyme‐based diagnostic and therapeutic tools against age‐ and diabetes‐induced protein glycation. However, mostly because of the lack of a complete structural characterization of the different members of the family, the molecular bases of their substrate specificity have yet to be fully understood. The high resolution crystal structures of the free and the substrate‐bound form of Amadoriase I shown herein allow for the identification of key structural features that account for the diverse substrate specificity shown by this class of enzymes. This is of particular importance in the context of the rather limited and partially incomplete structural information that has so far been available in the literature on the members of the FAOX family. Moreover, using molecular dynamics simulations, we describe the tunnel conformation and the free energy profile experienced by the ligand in going from bulk water to the catalytic cavity, showing the presence of four gating helices/loops, followed by an “L‐shaped” narrow cavity. In summary, the tridimensional architecture of Amadoriase I presented herein provides a reference structural framework for the design of novel enzymes for diabetes monitoring and protein deglycation. Proteins 2016; 84:744–758. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Public‐key encryption with keyword search secure against continual memory attacks
Authors: Hu Chengyu , Yang Rupeng , Liu Pengtao , Yu Zuoxia , Zhou Yongbin , Xu Qiuliang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractContinual memory attacks, inspired by recent realistic physical attacks, have broken many cryptographic schemes that were considered secure in traditional cryptography model. In this paper, we consider the continual memory leakage resilience in public‐key encryption with keyword search scheme (PEKS). We give the definition of continual memory leakage resilience security for PEKS, which allows continual secret key leakage in the trapdoor generation algorithm rather than leakage of trapdoor itself. We believe that the definition is more suitable for practical PEKS scenario. To construct a concrete PEKS scheme secure against continual memory attacks, we firstly obtain a continual master‐key leakage‐resilient anonymous identity‐based encryption (IBE) scheme by applying the generic tool provided by Lewko et al. to a fully secure anonymous IBE scheme that comes from the fully secure anonymous hierarchical identity‐based encryption (HIBE) scheme of De Caro and colleagues. Then, we transform our continual master‐key leakage‐resilient anonymous IBE scheme to a PEKS scheme using the generic Anonymous IBE‐to‐PEKS transformation and prove its continual leakage‐resilient security. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliably detecting snowshoe hares with winter track counts
Authors: Burt David M. , Roloff Gary J. , Etter Dwayne R. , Clark Eric 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTWe determined the optimum transect length and spacing for detecting snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) from snow‐track surveys in a fixed area. We also evaluated the utility of the most reliable and efficient designs for indexing hare density. We constructed enclosures (∼6.1 ha) at 2 locations in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA, and populated the enclosures with radiocollared hares. Hare densities ranged from 0.2 to 1.5 hares/ha in the enclosures, comparable to low and high densities recorded at the southern extent of snowshoe hare range. During winters of 2012–2014, we conducted snow‐track surveys along 9 transects spaced 25 m apart in the enclosures 12–65 hr after a snowfall and mapped the location of every track that intersected a transect. After standardizing the track maps by time since last snowfall, we simulated different transect lengths and spacing and evaluated whether hares were documented on the resultant transect segments. We deemed transect configurations reliable if >90% of the 10,000 simulations correctly denoted the site as occupied. Of the 28 possible transect configurations, only 10 combinations were found to reliably detect hares. We refined the 10 reliable configurations based on efficiency, where efficiency was based on the distance traversed by a surveyor. We recommend using transects that are 150 m in length with 100‐m or 75‐m spacing, or 125 m in length with 75‐m spacing to reliably and efficiently survey a fixed area for snowshoe hares. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Identification and evaluation of intervarietal substitution lines of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with donor segments affecting the diploidization rate of isolated microspores
Authors: Kampouridis Anthimos , Ziese-Kubon Katharina , Nurhasanah  , Ecke Wolfgang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInBrassicaspecies microspore derived doubled haploid lines are an important tool in breeding and research. A limiting step in the production of doubled haploid lines is the diploidization of the microspores. Strong differences have been observed in diploidization rates between different genotypes but little is know about the genetic control of these differences. To identify genomic regions that carry genetic factors controlling the diploidization rate of isolated microspores of rapeseed, marker segregations were compared between segregating populations of diploid and haploid microspore derived embryos and a BC1from a cross between ‘Express 617’ and ‘RS239’. After map construction ten intervarietal substitution lines from the same cross were selected with donor segments covering five genomic regions that showed a pattern of skewed marker segregations across the three populations indicative of the segregation of genes controlling the diploidization rates. The diploidization rates of microspores of the ten lines ranged from 23.9 to 58.7 % while the recurrent parent ‘Express 617’ showed a rate of 52.5 %. For three lines the diploidization rates were significantly lower (P = 0.05) than the rate of ‘Express 617’. By comparing donor segments between the significant and the non-significant lines, seven genomic regions that cover just between 4.17 and 6.16 % of the rapeseed genome were identified that may contain genetic factors controlling diploidization rates in rapeseed. In addition, one marker was found that has a high probability to be linked to such a factor. The significant lines represent an ideal material for further in depth studies of this trait.
Patterns of an elevational gradient affecting moths across the South Korean mountains: effects of geometric constraints, plants, and climate
Authors: Choi Sei‐Woong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe investigated elevational richness patterns of three moth groups (Erebidae, Geometridae, and Noctuidae) along four elevational gradients located on one northern and three southern mountains in South Korea, as well as the effects of plants and climatic factors on the diversity patterns of moths. Moths were collected with an ultraviolet light trap at 32 sites from May through October, 2013. Plant species richness and mean temperatures for January and June were acquired. Observed and estimated moth species richness was calculated and the diversity patterns with null models were compared. Species richness along four elevational gradients peaked at mid‐elevations, whereas deviations occurred at elevations below mid‐peak in the southern mountains and elevations higher than mid‐peak on the northern mountain. Species richness curves of three moth groups also peaked at mid‐elevations throughout South Korea. However, the species richness curves for Erebidae were positively skewed, indicating that a preference for lowlands, whereas curves of the Geometridae were negatively skewed, indicating a preference for highlands. The mid‐peak diversity pattern between plants and moths on the Korean mountains showed an elevational breadth that overlapped between 800 and 900 m. Multiple regression analysis revealed that plant species richness and January mean temperature significantly influenced moth species richness and abundance. The rapid increase in mean annual temperature in the Korean peninsula and the unimodal elevational gradients of moths across the country suggest that an uphill shift in peak optimum elevation and changes in the highest peak of the curve will occur in the future.
Perfectly Wetting Mixtures of Surfactants from Renewable Resources: The Interaction and Synergistic Effects on Adsorption and Micellization
Authors: Szumała Patrycja , Mówińska Alicja 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a study of the surface properties of mixtures of surfactants originating from renewable sources, i.e., alkylpolyglucoside (APG), ethoxylated fatty alcohol (AE), and sodium soap (Na soap). The main objective was to optimize the surfactant ratio which produces the highest wetting properties during the analysis of the solution of the individual surfactants, two‐ and three‐component mixtures, and at different pH values. The results showed the existence of a synergistic effect in lowering the interfacial tension, critical micelle concentration and the formation of mixed micelles in selected solutions. We found that best wetting properties were measured for the binary AE:APG mixtures. It has been demonstrated that slightly lower contact angles values were observed on Teflon and glass surfaces for the AE:APG:soap mixtures but the results were obtained for higher concentration of the components. In addition, all studied solutions have very good surface properties in acidic, basic and neural media. However, the AE:soap (molar ratio of 1:2), AE:APG (2:1) and AE:APG:soap (1:1:1) compositions improved their wetting power at pH 7 on the aluminium and glass surfaces, as compared to solutions at other pH values tested (selected Θ values close to zero—perfectly wetting liquids). All described effects detected would allow less surfactant to be used to achieve the maximum capacity of washing, wetting or solubilizing while minimizing costs and demonstrating environmental care.
Uterine anatomy and function on cine magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kido Aki , Togashi Kaori 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe female reproductive organ undergoes dynamic morphological changes under the influence of hormonal stimuli, and particularly those mediated by estrogen and progesterone. The uterus changes both its morphological appearance and its functional movements in function of these influences. Functionally, the uterus is known to exert two kinds of inherent contractility: sustained uterine contractions and uterine peristalsis. The former is focal and consists of the sporadic bulging of the myometrium, while the latter is rhythmic and manifests itself as the subtle stripping movement in the subendometrial myometrium. The mechanisms underlying these uterine movements, their relationship and their correlation to age, pharmaceutical administration, and a variety of gynecologic and obstetrical problems remain under discussion. Cine MR imaging may offer the potential to directly observe the changes undergone by the uterus in relation to important functions such as fertility and menstrual problems.
Mutual long‐term effects of school bullying, victimization, and justice sensitivity in adolescents
Authors: Bondü Rebecca , Rothmund Tobias , Gollwitzer Mario 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn the present study, we investigate long‐term relations between experiences of aggression at school and the development of justice sensitivity as a personality disposition in adolescents. We assessed justice sensitivity (from the victim, observer, and perpetrator perspective), bullying, and victimization among 565 German 12‐ to 18‐year‐olds in a one‐year longitudinal study with two measurement points. Latent path analyses revealed gender differences in long‐term effects of bullying and victimization on observer sensitivity and victim sensitivity. Experiences of victimization at T1 predicted an increase in victim sensitivity among girls and a decrease in victim sensitivity among boys. Bullying behavior at T1 predicted an increase in victim sensitivity among boys and a decrease in observer sensitivity among girls. We did not find long‐term effects of justice sensitivity on bullying and victimization. Our findings indicate that experiences of bullying and victimization have gender‐specific influences on the development of moral personality dispositions in adolescents.
Single-Cell Transcriptome Study as Big Data
Authors: Yu Pingjian , Lin Wei 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The rapid growth of single-cell RNA-seq studies (scRNA-seq) demands efficient data storage, processing, and analysis. Big-data technology provides a framework that facilitates the comprehensive discovery of biological signals from inter-institutional scRNA-seq datasets. The strategies to solve the stochastic and heterogeneous single-cell transcriptome signal are discussed in this article. After extensively reviewing the available big-data applications of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based studies, we propose a workflow that accounts for the unique characteristics of scRNA-seq data and primary objectives of single-cell studies.