bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AIDS Knowledge and High-Risk Behaviour in the Chronic Mentally Ill
Authors: Chuang Henry T , Atkinson Mark 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To ascertain the degree of HIV-risk knowledge among patients attending a downtown program and to identify the extent of high-risk behaviour for HIV infection. Method: A total of 151 patients were selected at the Calgary Community Mental Health Clinic (N = 110) and the nearby Self Help Association (N = 41). Most of the subjects were being treated for either schizophrenia (n = 69), bipolar disorder (n = 37), or unipolar mood disorder (n = 35). Questionnaires included a 10-item instrument that assessed subjects' knowledge about HIV or AIDS and another 10-item tool that assessed the high-risk situations patients might have encountered over the past month or past year. Results: Although the percentage of subjects erring on questions about AIDS knowledge was smaller when compared with previous studies, a significant number of subjects believed that one could acquire AIDS by donating blood, and 25% did not think that having only one unsafe sexual contact would make them vulnerable to HIV infection. At least 50% of the participants have had sex with at least one partner in the past year, and 33% of the participants indicated that they would not insist that they or their partners wear a condom. Conclusions: This Canadian study confirms the need for psychiatrists and mental health workers to continue to explore high-risk behaviour in the chronic mentally ill population and to further educate these patients through the development of prevention and risk-reduction strategies.
Development of a Policy on Sexuality for Hospitalized Chronic Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Welch Steven J , Clements Gerrit W 
Published: July 2017

Objective: This paper describes the need for and development of a policy on patient sexuality implemented at a provincial psychiatric hospital. Method: The need for a policy was assessed by reviewing the literature and interviewing a sample of chronic psychiatric patients. Development of the policy involved surveying 38 Canadian psychiatric hospitals in search of an existing policy to use as a model, as well as soliciting input from a variety of stakeholders and 2 lawyers. Results: Both the literature review and patient interviews indicated that a substantial number of hospitalized chronic psychiatric patients are sexually active. Neither the literature nor the survey of Canadian psychiatric hospitals revealed an existing policy to use as a model. Consequently, a policy was drafted by a task force composed of stakeholders and 2 lawyers. Characteristics of the policy, possibly the first in Canada, are described. The legal basis for the sexual rights of patients is discussed, and the mechanisms for protecting patients from harm are also described. Conclusion: Fundamentally, a policy must balance the patient's right to sexual intimacy in a dignified setting with the hospital administration's duty to take reasonable steps to protect patients from harm.
The Current Status of Seizure Duration in the Practice of Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Lalla Fiore R , Milroy Thomas 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To critically review data relating the seizure duration in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to its therapeutic effect in the treatment of depressive illness. Method: The authors used MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO on CDROM, and their own knowledge of the literature to find studies or reviews concerning the role of seizure duration in ECT efficacy. Results: Rigorous studies cast doubt on the usefulness of seizure duration as a clinical marker. Some medications that decrease seizure time have deleterious treatment effects but also affect other seizure dynamics. Several medications dramatically shorten seizures but have no influence on treatment efficacy. Conclusion: The guidelines of ECT seizure length are arbitrary, suggesting exaggerated durations for ECT treatment.
Étude du traitement des informations contextuelles syntaxiques lors d'une tâche de décision lexicale chez des sujets schizophrènes
Authors: Besche Chrystel , Passerieux Christine , Segui Juan , Mesure Gérald , Hardy-Baylé Marie-Christine 
Published: July 2017

Objectif: Cette recherche étudie le traitement des informations contextuelles syntaxiques chez des sujets schizophrènes au moyen d'une tâche de double décision lexicale (décider si des suites de lettres forment ou non des mots de la langue française). Étant donné le caractère automatique de la syntaxe, nous supposons la préservation des processus de traitement de l'information syntaxique chez tous les sujets schizophrènes, y compris chez ceux présentant un trouble formel de la pensée (TFP) que nous appelons schizophrènes TFP+. Méthode: Vingt sujets témoins et 20 sujets schizophrènes (dont 10 schizophrènes TFP+) participent à une double tâche de décision lexicale contenant des transgressions syntaxiques. Résultats: Ils confirment notre hypothèse puisque nous montrons que l'ensemble des sujets (témoins et schizophrènes) est gêné dans la reconnaissance des mots lorsque ceux-ci présentent des transgressions grammaticales. Conclusions: Ces résultats contrastent avec les données concernant le traitement des informations contextuelles sémantiques chez les sujets schizophrènes, puisque les données de la littérature concluent à l'existence d'une anomalie du traitement de ces informations chez ces patients. Notre étude permet, par conséquent, de réfuter l'hypothèse d'un trouble généralisé de traitement du contexte chez les sujets schizophrènes.
India: Political Institutions: T.S. Rajagopal Iyengar: Indian Democracy Speaks. University of Mysore, Mysore, 1979, xviii, 445 p., Rs. 40.
Authors: Prasad H. Y. Sharada , Ahmed Bashiruddin , Pylee M. V. , Vira Dharma , Kogekar S. V. 
Published: July 2017

G.G. Mirchandani: The People's Verdict: DCM Computer-based Study. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 1980, ix, 194p., Rs. 45. J.R. Siwach : Politics of President's Rule in India. Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Simla, 1979, xvi, 533p., Rs. 80. V. K. Varadachari: Governor in the Indian Constitution. Heritage Publishers, New Delhi, 1980, vii, 171 p., Rs. 50. Shriram Maheshwari : State Governments in India. Macmillan, New Delhi, 1979, xi, 328p., Rs. 58.
Prospects for Non-Alignment: India's Role
Authors: Vasudevan Parvathi 
Published: July 2017

Non-alignment is not a dinosaur. Never less than one-half and now almost two-thirds of the members of the United Nations Organization have styled their approach to external affairs as non-alignment. In the course of the last three decades and more, not one of the non-aligned nations has forsaken it in favour of alignment, not even in the most adverse of circumstances. On the other hand, there have been instances when some aligned countries have opted for non-alignment. The non-aligned countries are no Rip Van Winkles either. Ever alert to the realities of international affairs, they constantly endeavour to effect changes in the international power balance. During the fifties and the sixties, they helped to bring about a change in the international security order in the face of a strident Cold War. Since the beginning of the seventies, they have been working for the setting up of a New International Order (NIO) in all its three major facets, viz., the economic (New International Economic Order), the technological (New International Technological Order) and the informational (New International information Order). Non-alignment, personal preferences notwithstanding, has certainly succeeded to some extent in shaping the international system as it appears today. As the driving force of the resource-rich as also the resource-scarce yet volatile regions of the le tiers monde,1 non-alignment has almost always evoked extreme reactions, ranging from outright condemantion to lofty praise. However, having to live with non-alignment, it is necessary to ask what course non-alignment would take in the hands of its powerless votaries in the years ahead against the hindsight of what it has achieved so far. This paper endeavours to examine at some length the success and continued relevance of non-alignment with the focus on India.
World Food Security and Non-Aligned Countries
Authors: Bhatia B. M. 
Published: July 2017

An important factor of international economic relations today is that the developed market economy countries produce much more food than they need for their own consumption while the developing nations have to import food-grains at heavy cost from the former to feed their growing population. The cereal imports of all developing countries in 1978/79—1979/80 amounted to 86.2 million tonnes. Of this only 9.2 million tonnes was received in food aid from the developed countries;1 the rest had to be paid for. Food imports thus imposed a big strain on the external payments account of the developing countries. That, however, is not the only or even the major problem in the distribution of world food supplies between the developed North and the poor South. Because of their poverty, the average daily energy in-take per person in the latter group of countries in 1974–76 was 2180 Kcal compared to 3315 Kcal in the former. Out of the total population of 2259 million (excluding China) in developing countries, 435 million or over 19 per cent were undernourished.2 At the root of the low levels of food consumption and undernourishment in these countries, lay the poor performance of agriculture. As against 5.4 tonnes per hectare in the developed countries, the average yield of paddy in the developing countries in 1974–76 was 1.9 tonnes and that of wheat 1.9 and 1.3 tonnes respectively.3 The close association between under development, backward agriculture and under-nourishment of a large section of the population needs to be noted.
Transport Linkages in South Asia
Authors: Singh Jagjit 
Published: July 2017

A recent study of the Industrial Revolution by Sydney Pollard — The Industrialisation of Europe 1760–1970— has shown that industrialization for the first century or so, being the consequence of individual decisions, was not so much a national as a regional phenomenon. It was not governments and planning agencies but conditions of the market, availability of labour, accessibility of raw materials and the state of transport and communications systems that determined which areas got industrialized and which remained undeveloped. Even in the “Workshop of the World” it was not Britain itself but specific parts (the Black country and Lancashire) which moved forward, while others (Cornwall and Shropshire) remained pre-industrial. This amiably anarchic process of growth, according to the principle of laissez-faire, was rudely interrupted in the last quarter of the nineteenth century by the actions of governments and the even more influential principle of nationalism. Protectionist tariffs, spiralling ever upwards, tried to exclude certain commodities; governments urged on industrialists to produce strategically vital goods, and each society sought to be less dependent on the foreigner. World War I accentuated this tendency to an enormous degree, not only by physically interrupting commerce but also by “import substitution.” In fact, it was the “import substitution” of the Chilean nitrates, a vital raw material for the manufacture of explosives and fertilizers, by Haber's nitrogen fixation process to produce ammonia that precipatated World War I. But for it Kaiser's Germany woruld never have dared to declare war. Ruthless pursuit of self-sufficiency can provoke a rogue reaction like World War I. The inter-war years, characterised by new frontiers and teriffic shortages of capital and further bouts of national rivalry, again checked the spread of industrialization—or at least ensured that the process was not purely an economic one. Far from what the Marxists call the “economic substructure” determining politics, political and ideological considerations determined economic development resulting as we all know, in such global catastrophes as the Great Depression and its aftermath in the twenties and thirties. Only in the period after World War II was the old trend revived and industrial recovery came about. Europe was, of course, now divided into two blocs; but within each of them, in their different ways, an impressive industrial growth took place, spreading into new regions in accord with those basic determinants of market, labour, raw materials, transport and communications. The role of governments is certainly much more pronounced in the modern world than in Adam Smith's day. But the relative failure of, say, the depressed regions of northern England or northern France, despite large-scale support, is a measure of the way things are going.
United States-India Relations 1947–1962: Stresses and Strains Over Communist China
Authors: Saha S. C. 
Published: July 2017

The United States had an inbuilt constituency in India, a constituency that had its origins in the pre-independent period. Although the British were under fire, they enjoyed a certain amount of respect for their commitment to justice and law. The Indian elites were the products of English education. All these resulted in a love-hate relationship between the Indians and the Anglo-Saxon groups in general. Besides, the amount of importance the Indian nationalist leaders gave to the mediatory role of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the liberal American Press in bringing about India's independence bears testimony to this formulation. Thus in 1941 when India won independence, the United States enjoyed considerable goodwill in India. The United States was willing and far abler than Stalin's Soviet Union to help in the economic betterment of India. The US launched the Point Four Programme, a politico-humanitarian package.1 Jawaharlal Nehru, the Prime Minister of India, was consciously warm towards it because, apart from other reasons, he found it good tactics to use against domestic communism, and the collapse of the Telengana rebellion in Southern India proved him right. During his first visit to the United States in 1949, Nehru and President Truman seemed to have achieved a reasonable desire of mutual sympathy in genera! outlook on. world affairs. What alienated India's diplomacy from that of the United States most was the difference in their views of the nature of Chinese Communist threat and what approaches could be made about it. The United States had not yet given in to Dulles's pactomania, nor had the dreadful McCarthy era started. Yet guided by their different experiences, the two countries began to choose their different paths which did not converge until the Communist Chinese massive invasion of India's north-eastern border in October 1962. So conflicting were the approaches of India and the United States that they found themselves ranged on opposite sides on many issues regarding China. This worked clearly to the disadvantage of both. The differences discouraged economic assistance to India while the United States lost the sympathy of the emerging Asian nations. My paper examines the various aspects of these Indo-American differences over Communist China in order to define the impact on their political relations. It establishes that the ‘China Question’—the non-recognition by the United States, non-admission to the United Nations, the status of Formosa, etc., created bitter differences between India and the United States till the China War of 1962. This provided cause for an unparalleled deepening of the Indo-US involvement.
A Selected Bibliography from Foreign Journals
Authors: Gerald J. Edward ,   Assisted, Charnley Mitchell V. , Hage George S. , Riberholdt-Hansen Gunnar , Schneider Maarten 
Published: July 2017

The first amendments in 64 years in the British law of libel are reported in detail in this quarter's journals. The Conservative government repeated its promise that television development would be opened to private capital and sponsored advertising, though government would continue to operate in that field. Australia's cabinet permitted the sale of stock in a national radio chain to British investors and a government tariff commission heard a plea for rates which would permit the development of Australian publishing as a means to growth of national spirit. The press council suggested by the Royal Commission in Great Britain was finally established, but without lay members and under restrictions which remove most of the objections of British editors and publishers. Economic restlessness continued in Fleet Street, Kemsley sold the Graphic to Rothermere, and many changes in top-lovel personnel took place, evidently in an attempt to get ready for more competitive conditions. Incidents indicating the trend of freedom of the press occurred in the French North African protectorate, Maghreb, in Kenya, Peru, Pakistan, South Africa and Turkey. In the latter country the government firmly protected an independent newspaper which had criticized it. In Germany and Japan, ghosts of the old propaganda machines were apparent in events which tested out the independence of editors and reporters.
Articles on Mass Communications in American Magazines
Authors: Higbie Charles E. ,   Assisted, Baker Dean C. , Brown Donald E. , Duncan Charles T. , Pride Armistead S. , Valleau John F. 
Published: July 2017

Main controversy in the literature of journalism during the third quarter of 1953 was the denouement of the Wechsler-McCarthy feud growing out of the earlier questioning by Senator McCarthy of the New York Post editor before a Senate sub-committee. A majority of a committee of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, asked to review Wechsler's contention that it was an attempt to intimidate editors, expressed no opinion about the charge but asserted that it was a matter for editors throughout the country to interpret for themselves. Chairman James R. Wiggins of the ASNE committee with three other members issued a minority report declaring that the senator's action did in fact infringe on editorial freedom. Senator McCarthy then wrote to all majority report signers asking that Mr. Wiggins’ record as managing editor of the Washington Post be investigated. In the field of advertising, the course of new personnel in the administration of the Federal Trade Commission was watched with great interest. New interpretations were being given to some regulations relating to advertisements, although the commission itself denied that any great change in policy was taking place despite the charges of a departing director. More “industry influence” was thought to be a possibility, however, through a FTC proposed “advertising liaison committee.” Quantities of new data on the impact of TV on radio listenership and newspaper readership were being presented by trade bodies. More and more survey results on the effects of TTS circuits on editing and publishing also appeared.
A Selected Bibliography from Foreign Journals
Authors:   Assisted, Haiderer F. , Alisky Marvin 
Published: July 2017

During the last three months the short life of the London Daily Recorder was discussed and analyzed. At the end of March it changed back to weekly appearance and had to be sold some weeks later. The General Assembly of the International Press Institute met for the third time (in Vienna). Freedom of the press and the internal organization of the institute were main topics. In Bordeaux the International Federation of Journalists met for the second time. Lord Camrose (Berry), one of the British “Press Lords,” died in June.
Identifying risks using a new assessment tool: The missing piece of the jigsaw in medical device risk assessment
Authors: Brown Anthony S 
Published: July 2017

Introduction There is an increasing expectation for the NHS to deliver a constantly up-to-date health service that is both safe and patient-oriented. This paper outlines the findings of a new risk assessment tool implemented across the organization targeted specifically to medical devices. Method The process employs a new medical devices risk assessment tool (MeDRa) to collect quantitative data relating to the contributory factors and control measures associated with medical devices used in the clinical setting. The tool utilises the responses from healthcare professionals as the ‘real experts’ in assessing risk to compute risk ratings for each device. Consequently the risk assessments are validated through the professional judgement of the clinical staff. Results As the data is inputted, the software tool computes the individual risk profiles for device categories in the particular clinical setting. A macro perspective of medical device risk is produced through statistical analysis and mathematical modelling using cross-tabulations. Risk perceptions are influenced by the differences in professional roles of nursing and medical staff. The outcome of the analysis is a report on medical device risks across the organization and an associated action plan, which identifies ways of mitigating those risks. Conclusions This approach efficiently produced risk assessments for each clinical area across the whole Trust in a matter of weeks. The MeDRa tool collated evidence to satisfy many of the criteria necessary for the external assurance framework. The subsequent statistical analysis and mathematical modelling highlighted a number of issues across the Trust that required interventions.
Negligent prescribing of long-term antipsychotic over 12 years
Authors: Collier Spencer , Collins John , Sayer William Latimer , Harris Mark , Dolan Bridget 
Published: July 2017

General damages: £35,000;June 2006; Total Award: £150,000 Negligent prescribing of long-term antipsychotic Depixol over a period of 12 years leading to tardive dyskinesia, marked sedation and cognitive blunting.
The Arizona Telemedicine Program business model
Authors: Barker Gail P , Krupinski Elizabeth A , Mcneely Richard A , Holcomb Michael J , Lopez Ana Maria , Weinstein Ronald S 
Published: July 2017

summary The Arizona Telemedicine Program (ATP) was established in 1996 when state funding was provided to implement eight telemedicine sites. Since then the ATP has expanded to connect 55 health-care organizations through a membership programme formalized through legal contracts. The ATP's membership model is based on an application service provider (ASP) concept, whereby organizations can share services at lower cost; that is, the ATP acts as a broker for services. The membership fee schedule is flexible, allowing clients to purchase only those services desired. An annual membership fee is paid by every user, based on the services requested. The membership programme income has provided a steady revenue stream for the ATP. The membership-derived revenue represented 30% of the ATP's $2.6 million total income during fiscal year 2003/04.
Trauma Scoring
Authors: Champion H. R. 
Published: July 2017

Severity scales to characterize the nature and extent of injury are important adjuncts to trauma care systems, trauma research and many of the elements of a complete public health approach to injury. This article provides a brief overview of severity scale development over the past 30 years during which the science to support such initiatives has matured substantially. Anatomical, physiological, intensive care, composite and complex scales and models now abound and are being applied to a variety of tasks with increasing precision. Trauma registries enable the meaningful aggregation of data for the development and testing of models. Future challenges are identified as are potentially fruitful avenues of research.