bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of GAS5 in rapamycin‐induced reversion of glucocorticoid resistance
Authors: Lucafò Marianna , Bravin Vanessa , Tommasini Alberto , Martelossi Stefano , Rabach Ingrid , Ventura Alessandro , Decorti Giuliana , De Iudicibus Sara 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis study evaluates the association between the long noncoding RNA GAS5 levels and the anti‐proliferative effect of the glucocorticoid (GC) methylprednisolone (MP) alone and in combination with rapamycin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy donors. The effect of MP, rapamycin, and MP plus rapamycin was determined in 17 healthy donors by labelling metabolically active cells with [methyl‐3H] thymidine and the expression levels of GAS5 gene were evaluated by real‐time RT‐PCR TaqMan analysis. We confirmed a role for GAS5 in modulating GC response: poor responders presented higher levels of GAS5 in comparison with good responders. Interestingly, when PBMCs were treated with the combination of rapamycin plus MP, the high levels of GAS5 observed for each drug in the MP poor responders group decreased in comparison with rapamycin (P value = 0.0134) or MP alone (P value = 0.0193). GAS5 is involved in GC resistance and co‐treatment of rapamycin with GCs restores GC effectiveness in poor responders through the downregulation of the long noncoding RNA. GAS5 could be considered a biomarker to personalize therapy and a novel therapeutic target useful for the development of new pharmacological approaches to restore GC sensitivity.
War without Terms: George Jackson, Black Power and the American Radical Prison Rights Movement, 1941–1971
Authors: Colley Zoe 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article focuses upon the work of prison author and activist George Jackson and his work with the Black Panther Party. Thus far, historians’ emphasis upon Jackson's relationship with Bay Area radicals has eclipsed the importance of his work on behalf of African American prisoners and especially his role within the Black Panther Party. In focusing so heavily upon events outside California's prisons, they have failed to explain his evolution from a petty criminal to political activist; we do not yet understand the wider historical context within which he emerged as a spokesperson for the most oppressed and vilified group of the 1960s and 1970s: African American prisoners. This article therefore offers a more expansive view of Jackson's life and situates him within the wider social and political milieu of California's penal system during the 1960s and 1970s. It is only by exploring the environment in which Jackson lived that we can start fully to appreciate the origins and significance of his revolutionary ideology, as well as his relationship with black activism inside and outside the prison walls.
Henry VIII: ‘Catholicism without the Pope?’
Authors: BERNARD G. W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThat Henry VIII's religious policy after the break with Rome was ‘catholicism without the pope’ is a common characterization. Yet while it is fair to insist that he consistently rejected the teachings of Martin Luther and Huldrych Zwingli and never considered introducing a protestant reformation, Henry's attitudes to purgatory, to pilgrimage, to the intercession of saints, and to the monasteries were nonetheless a significant departure from straightforwardly orthodox catholicism. Desiderius Erasmus's ideas were the greatest influence on Henry whose reservations about aspects of ‘traditional religion’ were sharpened by his difficulties in securing his divorce and by the rebellions in 1536. The Church he then remade amounted not to ‘catholicism without the pope’ but was an idiosyncratic hybrid. If there were few committed Henricians, nonetheless the legacy of Henry's reformation would be felt in Elizabeth's reign and beyond.
The challenges of editorship: a reflection on editing the Jung‐Neumann correspondence
Authors: Liebscher Martin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe complete correspondence between C.G. Jung and Erich Neumann was published in 2015. This article attempts to provide insight into the practical task, as well as the theoretical background, of the editing process. The advantages and possibilities of an unabridged edition with an extensive historical contextualization are demonstrated, and compared to the approach of the editors of the Jung Letters and their selection therein of Jung's letters to Neumann. The practical points under consideration include the establishment of the letter corpus, the ascertainment of dates and the chronological arrangement of the letter exchange, as well as the deciphering of handwritten letters. Theoretical aspects under discussion involve the question of the merits of a critical contextualisation and the position of the editor vis‐à‐vis the research object. The example of the selecting and editing of Jung's letters to Neumann by Aniela Jaffé and Gerhard Adler reveals how drastically the close ties of those editors with Jung, Neumann, and members of the Zurich analytical circles compromised their editorial work at times. The advantage for an editor being able to work from an historical distance is appreciated.
Methods to induce labour: a systematic review, network meta‐analysis and cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Alfirevic Z , Keeney E , Dowswell T , Welton NJ , Medley N , Dias S , Jones LV , Caldwell DM 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo compare the clinical effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of labour induction methods.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of randomised trials comparing interventions for third‐trimester labour induction (search date: March 2014). Network meta‐analysis was possible for six of nine prespecified key outcomes: vaginal delivery within 24 hours (VD24), caesarean section, uterine hyperstimulation, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions, instrumental delivery and infant Apgar scores. We developed a decision‐tree model from a UK NHS perspective and calculated incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios, expected costs, utilities and net benefit, and cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves.Main resultsIn all, 611 studies comparing 31 active interventions were included. Intravenous oxytocin with amniotomy and vaginal misoprostol (≥50 μg) were most likely to achieve VD24. Titrated low‐dose oral misoprostol achieved the lowest odds of caesarean section, but there was considerable uncertainty in ranking estimates. Vaginal (≥50 μg) and buccal/sublingual misoprostol were most likely to increase uterine hyperstimulation with high uncertainty in ranking estimates. Compared with placebo, extra‐amniotic prostaglandin E2 reduced NICU admissions. There were insufficient data to conduct analyses for maternal and neonatal mortality and serious morbidity or maternal satisfaction. Conclusions were robust after exclusion of studies at high risk of bias. Due to poor reporting of VD24, the cost‐effectiveness analysis compared a subset of 20 interventions. There was considerable uncertainty in estimates, but buccal/sublingual and titrated (low‐dose) misoprostol showed the highest probability of being most cost‐effective.ConclusionsFuture trials should be designed and powered to detect a method that is more cost‐effective than low‐dose titrated oral misoprostol.Tweetable abstractNew study ranks methods to induce labour in pregnant women on effectiveness and cost.
Consumer Acceptance of Bars and Gummies with Unencapsulated and Encapsulated Resveratrol
Authors: Koga Clarissa C. , Lee Soo‐Yeun , Lee Youngsoo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe addition of resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red wine and peanuts, to food products would help to provide the health benefits associated with the compound to the consumer in a wide array of food matrices. The bitterness of resveratrol and instability of its bioactive form in light are 2 major challenges with the incorporation of the compound into food products. Microencapsulation in a sodium caseinate matrix was utilized as a strategy to overcome these challenges. The objective of this research was to show the application of the resveratrol microcapsules in easy‐to‐consume foods. Consumer acceptance was evaluated for gummies and bars with encapsulated resveratrol in comparison to the controls. Four different controls were used: 1) without any resveratrol OR protein (Plain), 2) unencapsulated resveratrol (Resv), 3) sodium caseinate and unencapsulated resveratrol just mixed without encapsulation (P + R), and 4) sodium caseinate only (PRO). Two concentrations of resveratrol that have been shown to offer therapeutic effects in humans were tested (10 and 40 mg/d). The overall liking, evaluated using a 9‐point scale, of bars with 10 mg of encapsulated resveratrol did not differ significantly from the control without any added resveratrol and protein (Plain) or from the controls with equivalent protein and/or resveratrol concentrations. For gummies, the samples with the resveratrol microcapsules had a significantly lower overall liking than the controls with the same protein and/or resveratrol content. This research demonstrated application of resveratrol microcapsules into easy‐to‐consume food products in order to deliver the health benefits to the consumer.
Revisiting the ichthyodiversity of Java and Bali through DNA barcodes: taxonomic coverage, identification accuracy, cryptic diversity and identification of exotic species
Authors: Dahruddin Hadi , Hutama Aditya , Busson Frédéric , Sauri Sopian , Hanner Robert , Keith Philippe , Hadiaty Renny , Hubert Nicolas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAmong the 899 species of freshwater fishes reported from Sundaland biodiversity hotspot, nearly 50% are endemics. The functional integrity of aquatic ecosystems is currently jeopardized by human activities, and landscape conversion led to the decline of fish populations in several part of Sundaland, particularly in Java. The inventory of the Javanese ichthyofauna has been discontinuous, and the taxonomic knowledge is scattered in the literature. This study provides a DNA barcode reference library for the inland fishes of Java and Bali with the aim to streamline the inventory of fishes in this part of Sundaland. Owing to the lack of available checklist for estimating the taxonomic coverage of this study, a checklist was compiled based on online catalogues. A total of 95 sites were visited, and a library including 1046 DNA barcodes for 159 species was assembled. Nearest neighbour distance was 28‐fold higher than maximum intraspecific distance on average, and a DNA barcoding gap was observed. The list of species with DNA barcodes displayed large discrepancies with the checklist compiled here as only 36% (i.e. 77 species) and 60% (i.e. 24 species) of the known species were sampled in Java and Bali, respectively. This result was contrasted by a high number of new occurrences and the ceiling of the accumulation curves for both species and genera. These results highlight the poor taxonomic knowledge of this ichthyofauna, and the apparent discrepancy between present and historical occurrence data is to be attributed to species extirpations, synonymy and misidentifications in previous studies.
The Market's Assessment of the Probability of Meeting or Beating the Consensus
Authors: Ma Guang , Markov Stanimir 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe investigate to what extent the market uses information that is predictive of whether earnings will meet or beat the analyst consensus forecast of earnings (MBE henceforth): measures of a firm's incentives to engage in MBE behavior, measures of constraints on MBE, measures of past MBE practices by firm and industry, and other variables. Using the Mishkin test framework and Bonferroni‐adjusted p‐values, we document that of a total of 21 variables, the market inefficiently uses information in one difficulty measure and four other predictors, suggesting that strong empirically and theoretically grounded relationships concerning MBE behavior are more likely to be unraveled by the market. We further show that a portfolio based on the difference between the objective MBE probability and the market‐assessed MBE probability generates significant abnormal returns. The documented return anomaly is distinct from other known anomalies and cannot be fully explained by arbitrage risk or transaction costs.
ctmm: anrpackage for analyzing animal relocation data as a continuous‐time stochastic process
Authors: Calabrese Justin M. , Fleming Chris H. , Gurarie Eliezer 
Published: March 2016

SummaryMovement ecology has developed rapidly over the past decade, driven by advances in tracking technology that have largely removed data limitations. Development of rigorous analytical tools has lagged behind empirical progress, and as a result, relocation data sets have been underutilized.Discrete‐time correlated random walk models (CRW) have long served as the foundation for analyzing relocation data. Unfortunately,CRWs confound the sampling and movement processes.CRWparameter estimates thus depend sensitively on the sampling schedule, which makes it difficult to draw sampling‐independent inferences about the underlying movement process. Furthermore,CRWs cannot accommodate the multiscale autocorrelations that typify modern, finely sampled relocation data sets.Recent developments in modelling movement as a continuous‐time stochastic process (CTSP) solve these problems, but the mathematical difficulty of usingCTSPs has limited their adoption in ecology. To remove this roadblock, we introduce thectmmpackage for the R statistical computing environment.ctmmimplements all of theCTSPs currently in use in the ecological literature and couples them with powerful statistical methods for autocorrelated data adapted from geostatistics and signal processing, including variograms, periodograms and non‐Markovian maximum likelihood estimation.ctmmis built around a standard workflow that begins with visual diagnostics, proceeds to candidate model identification, and then to maximum likelihood fitting andAIC‐based model selection. Once an accurateCTSPfor the data has been fitted and selected, analyses that require such a model, such as quantifying home range areas via autocorrelated kernel density estimation or estimating occurrence distributions via time‐series Kriging, can then be performed.We use a case study with African buffalo to demonstrate the capabilities ofctmmand highlight the steps of a typicalCTSPmovement analysis workflow.
Kappa opioid receptor antagonism and chronic antidepressant treatment have beneficial activities on social interactions and grooming deficits during heroin abstinence
Authors: Lalanne L. , Ayranci G. , Filliol D. , Gavériaux‐Ruff C. , Befort K. , Kieffer B. L. , Lutz P‐E 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAddiction is a chronic brain disorder that progressively invades all aspects of personal life. Accordingly, addiction to opiates severely impairs interpersonal relationships, and the resulting social isolation strongly contributes to the severity and chronicity of the disease. Uncovering new therapeutic strategies that address this aspect of addiction is therefore of great clinical relevance. We recently established a mouse model of heroin addiction in which, following chronic heroin exposure, ‘abstinent’ mice progressively develop a strong and long‐lasting social avoidance phenotype. Here, we explored and compared the efficacy of two pharmacological interventions in this mouse model. Because clinical studies indicate some efficacy of antidepressants on emotional dysfunction associated with addiction, we first used a chronic 4‐week treatment with the serotonergic antidepressant fluoxetine, as a reference. In addition, considering prodepressant effects recently associated with kappa opioid receptor signaling, we also investigated the kappa opioid receptor antagonist norbinaltorphimine (norBNI). Finally, we assessed whether fluoxetine and norBNI could reverse abstinence‐induced social avoidance after it has established. Altogether, our results show that two interspaced norBNI administrations are sufficient both to prevent and to reverse social impairment in heroin abstinent animals. Therefore, kappa opioid receptor antagonism may represent a useful approach to alleviate social dysfunction in addicted individuals.
Sex differences in substance use disorders: focus on side effects
Authors: Agabio Roberta , Campesi Ilaria , Pisanu Claudia , Gessa Gian Luigi , Franconi Flavia 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAlthough sex differences in several aspects of substance use disorders (SUDs) have been identified, less is known about the importance of possible sex differences in side effects induced by substances of abuse or by medications used to treat SUDs. In the SUD field, the perception of certain subjective effects are actively sought, while all other manifestations might operationally be considered side effects. This article was aimed at reviewing sex differences in side effects induced by alcohol, nicotine, heroin, marijuana and cocaine and by medications approved for alcohol, nicotine and heroin use disorders. A large body of evidence suggests that women are at higher risk of alcohol‐induced injury, liver disease, cardiomyopathy, myopathy, brain damages and mortality. The risk of tobacco‐induced coronary heart disease, lung disease and health problems is higher for women than for men. Women also experience greater exposure to side effects induced by heroin, marijuana and cocaine. In addition, women appear to be more vulnerable to the side effects induced by medications used to treat SUDs. Patients with SUDs should be advised that the risk of developing health problems may be higher for women than for men after consumption of the same amount of substances of abuse. Doses of medications for SUD women should be adjusted at least according to body weight. The sex differences observed also indicate an urgent need to recruit adequate numbers of female subjects in pre‐clinical and clinical studies to improve our knowledge about SUDs in women.
Problem gambling and the five‐factor model of personality: a large population‐based study
Authors: Brunborg Geir Scott , Hanss Daniel , Mentzoni Rune Aune , Molde Helge , Pallesen Ståle 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground and aimsKnowledge of the personality characteristics of individuals who develop gambling problems is important for designing targeted prevention efforts. Previous studies of the relationship between the five‐factor model of personality and gambling problems were based on small samples not representative of the general population. We estimated differences in neuroticism, extroversion, intellect, agreeableness and conscientiousness between non‐problem gamblers and individuals with low, moderate and severe gambling problems.DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingNorway.ParticipantsA total of 10 081 (51.5% female) individuals aged 16–74 years (mean age 46.5 years).MeasuresThe Problem Gambling Severity Index, The Mini‐International Personality Item Pool and demographic variables. Differences between groups of gamblers were analysed by ordinary least‐squares regression models separately for each personality trait adjusting for gender, age, cohabitation, level of education and work status.FindingsGamblers with low, moderate and severe levels of gambling problems differed significantly from non‐problem gamblers in neuroticism (b = 0.16, 0.34 and 0.66, respectively, all P < 0.001) and conscientiousness (b = −0.13, −0.28 and −0.44, respectively, all P < 0.001). Moderate and severe problem gamblers differed from non‐problem gamblers in agreeableness (b = −0.21, P < 0.001 and b = −0.20, P = 0.028, respectively). In addition, gambling problems were much more prevalent among men than women, and more prevalent among those who live alone, individuals without tertiary education and among those who are unemployed or on disability pension.ConclusionsA higher level of problem gambling severity appears to be associated with higher scores on neuroticism, and with lower scores on conscientiousness and agreeableness in the Mini‐International Personality Item Pool.
Anterior cingulum white matter is altered in tobacco smokers
Authors: Baeza‐Loya Selina , Velasquez Kenia Marisela , Molfese David Lucas , Viswanath Humsini , Curtis Kaylah Nicole , Thompson‐Lake Daisy Gemma Yan , Baldwin Philip Rupert , Ellmore Timothy Michael , De La Garza Richard , Salas Ramiro 
Published: March 2016

Background and ObjectivesThe anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is hypothesized to be involved in decision making and emotion regulation. Previous observations of drug dependent individuals indicate that substance dependence may be associated with cingulum white matter abnormalities. The present study evaluated cingulum white matter in cigarette smokers.MethodsDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in adult tobacco smokers and healthy non‐smoker controls (total N = 70) was performed in a 3T Siemens Trio MRI scanner.ResultsAnalyses of DTI tractography of the cingulum in tobacco‐smoking individuals and controls indicated that tobacco abusers have significantly reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right cingulum. In addition, FA in the left cingulum white matter was negatively associated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence, a self‐report measure of tobacco dependence severity.ConclusionsThe white matter of the cingulum is altered in a non‐symmetrical way in tobacco smokers. An inverse relationship between FA and reported number of cigarettes per day was observed. Previous studies have also noted altered neural connectivity in cigarette smokers using similar methods. Similar white matter differences in the cingulum have been observed in methamphetamine dependent individuals and patients with dementia, which suggests that the cingulum may be altered by mechanisms not specific to tobacco exposure.Scientific SignificanceBy better understanding the effects of tobacco abuse on the brain, we hope to gain insight into how drug dependence influences the neurological foundations of behavior. (Am J Addict 2016;25:210–214)
Outcome of cervix uteri cancer patients: Clinical treatment results and toxicity profile in a retrospective study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: El Sayed Mohamed E , Bahadur Yasir A , Hassouna Ashraf H , Fawzy Ehab E , Nasr Azza M , Sadiq Bakr B , Dada Reyad , Sait Khalid H , Anfinan Nisrin M 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the survival outcome, pattern of failure and prognostic factors in cervix uteri cancer patients.MethodsWe reviewed the data of 60 patients with stages IB‐IVA cancer who were treated between January 2004 and December 2010.ResultsMost patients (n= 50; 83%) had squamous cell carcinoma. Stage IIB was the most common presentation (n= 41; 68%). Forty‐seven patients (78%) received Cisplatin concurrent with radiotherapy (CRT). The 2‐ and 4‐year overall survival (OS) was 82% and 79%, respectively. Prolongation of the overall treatment time (OAT) for greater than 56 days, advanced stage and pretreatment hemoglobin (Hb) levels (<10 g/dL) negatively predicted OS (P= 0.039,P= 0.044 andP= 0.008, respectively). The 2‐ and 4‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rates were 80% and 69%, respectively. Vaginal infiltration and brachytherapy (orthogonal versus CT‐based planning) were significant factors for the prediction of relapse (P= 0.048 andP= 0.049, respectively). The 2‐ and 4‐year loco‐regional control (LRC) rates were 78% and 70%, respectively, and the distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) rates were 82% and 79%, respectively. Vaginal infiltration was the only negative predictive factor for LRC (P= 0.045), and pathological tumor grade was the only factor indicative of distant metastases (P= 0.037). Grade 3 or 4 late rectal reactions were reported in two patients (3%), and no patients developed grade 3 or 4 urinary reactions.ConclusionThe treatment results in our cervix uteri cancer patients and the prognostic factors are comparable to those of previous reports. Orthogonal brachytherapy planning and vaginal infiltration negatively predicted relapse.