bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic telemetry yields stock membership clues for Coho Salmon harvested in coastal fisheries
Authors: Henslee Luke H. , Ivanoff Renae , Liller Zachary W. , Westley Peter A. H. , Seitz Andrew C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Estimates of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. stock composition in coastal fishery harvests are needed to balance fishing opportunities against conservation. Catch partitioning in some small-scale fisheries can be hindered by insufficient resolution of modern stock classification tools (e.g., genetic stock identification).

Methods
We used acoustic telemetry to investigate the stock composition of commercial landings in the Norton Sound district of Alaska by mimicking local fisheries to capture and tag 578 Coho Salmon O. kisutch in the contiguous Shaktoolik and Unalakleet commercial subdistricts over two seasons.

Result
In total, 341 individuals that were last detected in demarcated spawning areas were assigned to a stock of origin based on putative natal site fidelity. Sex, location of capture, and timing of capture were predictors of stock membership. Models that were fitted to commercial harvest data from the project years (2020 and 2021) estimated that 32.9% of the Shaktoolik subdistrict catch was Shaktoolik stock, 51.5% was Unalakleet stock, and the remainder consisted of other transitory stocks. Conversely, 86.7% of landed Coho Salmon in the Unalakleet subdistrict were Unalakleet stock, whereas the Shaktoolik stock and transitory stocks made up less than 10%, respectively.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that coastal salmon fisheries in Norton Sound have access to a variable mixture of stocks whose unique characteristics can be leveraged to examine the effects of directed harvest effort on stock health and diversity.
Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenols and Cresols to Gasoline Range Biofuels
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed A. , Tannous Joy H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnlike fossil fuels, biomass has oxygen amounts exceeding 10 wt%. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a crucial step in upgrading biomass to higher heating value liquid fuels. Oxygen removal has many challenges due to the complex chemistry and the high reactivity leading to irreversible catalyst deactivation. In this study, the focus is on the catalytic HDO of aromatic oxygen‐containing model compounds in biomass: phenols and cresols. In the current work, literature on catalytic HDO of phenols using molecular hydrogen is reviewed, with a focus on non‐nickel‐based mono‐ and bi‐metallic catalysts, as nickel‐based catalysts were reviewed elsewhere. In addition, the catalytic HDO of m‐cresol using molecular hydrogen is examined. This review also addresses the use of hydrogen donors for the HDO of phenols and cresols. The operating conditions, catalysts, products, and yields are summarized to find the catalyst with promising activity and high selectivity toward aromatics. A critical review of the reactions that successfully led to HDO is presented and research gaps related to the HDO of phenols and cresols are highlighted. The conclusions provide potential successful catalyst combinations that can be used for HDO of phenols, cresols, and liquid aromatic hydrocarbons.
Multichannel Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoprobes for Serodiagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Wei Zheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this account, we will highlight recent progress in the development of multichannel lanthanide‐doped (MC−Ln) nanoprobes for highly efficient serodiagnosis and therapy, with a particular focus on our own work. First, we first provide a classification of the types of MC−Ln nanoprobes based on the contained type and number of signals. The merits of different types of nanoprobes and the reason using lanthanides are elucidated. Then, we provide an overview of the current uses of MC−Ln nanoprobes in serodiagnosis and therapy, focusing on the strategic exploration to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic performance from different perspectives. Finally, we present a prospective outlook on the future development and potential issues of next‐generation MC−Ln nanoprobes. We hope that this timely account will update our understanding of MC−Ln and similar nanoprobes for bioapplications and provide helpful references for the state‐of‐the‐art tools for serodiagnosis and therapy.
Synergistic effects of epoxidized isosorbide linolenate (EGLA‐ISB): A novel bio‐based heat stabilizer for enhanced mechanical and thermal performance of PVC
Authors: Han Yu , Luo Wei , Sun Shiyan , Weng Yunxuan , Zhang Caili 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHeat stabilizers are additives that are used to stabilize the chemical and physical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) during high temperature processing and use. It is able to resist thermal degradation, prevent color change, maintain mechanical properties, and eliminate acid gas (HCl). Organometallic salts, such as zinc stearate (ZnSt2) and calcium stearate (CaSt2), are commonly used as heat stabilizers. There are not as many reports on bio‐based heat stabilizers. The effectiveness of a synthetic bio‐based molecule, epoxidized isosorbide linolenate (EGLA‐ISB), as a heat stabilizer for PVC was investigated in this article, and its performance was compared to the commonly used CaSt2/ZnSt2 heat stabilizers. The thermal stability of PVC films was observed to be higher when EGLA‐ISB was combined with epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) as the plasticizer. The PVC/30ESO/2EGLB‐ISB sample exhibited an initial decomposition temperature of 283.8°C and a minimal mass loss of 0.3% after a 120‐minute isothermal heat loss test at 200°C, indicating improved thermal stability. The incorporation of EGLA‐ISB into PVC films enhances mechanical properties through synergistic plasticization and stabilization, addressing the dispersibility issues of CaSt2/ZnSt2 that can diminish PVC's strength. The optical properties of PVC samples incorporating EGLA‐ISB are also superior. The plastics industry can move toward a more environmentally friendly and sustainable direction through the development of bio‐based heat stabilizers.Highlights
EGLA‐ISB/ESO boosts PVC thermal stability.
EGLA‐ISB enhances PVC's mechanical properties.
EGLA‐ISB PVC shows superior optical performance.
EGLA‐ISB advances sustainable PVC industry.
Fossil fuel industry influence in higher education: A review and a research agenda
Authors: Hiltner Sofia , Eaton Emily , Healy Noel , Scerri Andrew , Stephens Jennie C. , Supran Geoffrey 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe evolution of fossil fuel industry tactics for obstructing climate action, from outright denial of climate change to more subtle techniques of delay, is under growing scrutiny. One key site of ongoing climate obstructionism identified by researchers, journalists, and advocates is higher education. Scholars have exhaustively documented how industry‐sponsored academic research tends to bias scholarship in favor of tobacco, pharmaceutical, food, sugar, lead, and other industries, but the contemporary influence of fossil fuel interests on higher education has received relatively little academic attention. We report the first literature review of academic and civil society investigations into fossil fuel industry ties to higher education in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. We find that universities are an established yet under‐researched vehicle of climate obstruction by the fossil fuel industry, and that universities' lack of transparency about their partnerships with this industry poses a challenge to empirical research. We propose a research agenda of topical and methodological directions for future analyses of the prevalence and consequences of fossil fuel industry–university partnerships, and responses to them.This article is categorized under:
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Climate Science and Decision Making
Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate Change
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Climate Science and Social Movements
Analysis of thermal non‐equilibrium model on the Ree–Eyring nanofluid flow influenced by an inclined magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Yan , Ramzan Muhammad , Shahmir Nazia , Alshahrani Saad , Kadry Seifedine , Alroobaea Roobaea 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis research seeks to explore the behavior of Ree–Eyring nanofluid over an extended surface influenced by an inclined magnetic field within a permeable medium. The local thermal non‐equilibrium between the particle, liquid, and solid phases is represented by a three‐temperature model. The problem is addressed numerically using bvp4c code in MATLAB software. The findings are displayed in the format of tables and graphs. The study shows that higher values of the interface heat transfer parameter led to a decrease and increase in the fluid phase and solid phase Nusselt number, respectively. The velocity and concentration distributions decrease with increasing porosity coefficient. Nevertheless, the fluid phase temperature distribution shows an opposing trend. Furthermore, increasing the non‐Newtonian fluid parameter leads to a raise in the surface drag coefficient.
The Use of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone to Manage Intraspecific Agonism in a Coalition of Male Lions (Panthera leo)
Authors: Picone Stacie L. , Sherman Wilson C. , Sadler Ryan A. , France Nathaniel R. , Herman Alex , Kinzley Colleen , Minier Darren E. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWhile housing nonbreeding all‐male social groups of African lion (panthera leo) is a necessary part of managing this polygynous species ex situ, resulting intraspecific agonistic behavior can negatively impact animal welfare and guest experience, undermining two primary objectives of modern zoological gardens. Improvest is a gonadotropin releasing factor analog‐diphtheria toxoid conjugate marketed for temporary immunological castration which has proven successful in reducing aggression in other zoo‐housed species. To the authors' knowledge, the use of this technique has not been described in male African lions; reticence to use GnRH agonists may stem from concern about phenotypic effects (mane loss) and zoo visitor perception. We describe the use of Improvest in conjunction with other management changes to manage agonism in a coalition of African lions (3.0) housed at the Oakland Zoo. Daily agonism scores were calculated via animal care staff records, fecal testosterone levels were measured, and monthly photos were taken to monitor phenotypic changes. While agonism scores varied seasonally in three pretreatment years, a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the frequency of agonistic behavior began within 2 months of initial treatment. Two lions showed testosterone suppression within 2 months of receiving the first vaccine, while the third showed suppression beginning in the period 4 months after the first vaccine. Mane loss occurred in all three lions, and time to mane regrowth varied between individuals. Improvest, combined with other management strategies, decreased overall fecal testosterone and intraspecific agonism in these lions, and may be an effective tool in other male coalitions.
Aharonov–Casher Theorems for Dirac Operators on Manifolds with Boundary and APS Boundary Condition
Authors: Fialová M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Aharonov–Casher theorem is a result on the number of the so-called zero modes of a system described by the magnetic Pauli operator in $$\mathbb {R}^2$$

R

2

. In this paper we address the same question for the Dirac operator on a flat two-dimensional manifold with boundary and Atiyah–Patodi–Singer boundary condition. More concretely we are interested in the plane and a disc with a finite number of circular holes cut out. We consider a smooth compactly supported magnetic field on the manifold and an arbitrary magnetic field inside the holes.
Approximation by Subsequences of Matrix Transform Means of Some Two-Dimensional Rectangle Walsh–Fourier Series
Authors: Blahota István , Gát György 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the present paper we discuss the rate of the approximation by the matrix transform of special partial sums of some two-dimensional rectangle (decreasing diagonal) Walsh-Fourier series in $$L^p(G^{2})$$

L
p

(

G
2

)

space ($$1\le p <\infty $$

1
≤
p
<
∞

) and in $$C(G^{2})$$

C
(

G
2

)

. It implies in some special case "Equation missing"norm convergence. We also show an application of our results for Lipschitz functions. At the end of the paper we show the most important result, the almost everywhere convergence theorem. We note that T summation is a common generalization of the following known summation methods Cesàro, Weierstrass, Riesz and Picar and Bessel methods.
Fludrocortisone dose–response relationship in septic shock: a randomised phase II trial
Authors: Walsham James , Hammond Naomi , Blumenthal Antje , Cohen Jeremy , Myburgh John , Finfer Simon , Evans David , Peake Sandra , Kruger Peter , McCullough James , Johnk Loki , Ghelani Dhaval , Billot Laurent , Shan Sana , Meyer Jason , Rajbhandari Dorrilyn , Koch Carolyn , Bellomo Rinaldo , Burrell Louise M. , Young Morag , Roberts Michael , Mackenzie Lorraine , Medley Gregory , Dalton Joshua , Venkatesh Balasubramanian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The combination of intravenous hydrocortisone and enteral fludrocortisone may reduce mortality in patients with septic shock. The optimal dose and reliability of absorption of fludrocortisone in critically ill patients are unclear.

Methods
In a multi-centre, open label, phase II randomized clinical trial, intravenous hydrocortisone alone or in combination with one of three doses of enteral fludrocortisone (50 µg, 100 µg or 200 µg daily) for 7 days was compared in patients with septic shock. The primary outcome was time to shock resolution. We conducted pharmacokinetic studies to assess absorption.

Results
Out of 153 enrolled patients, 38 (25%) received hydrocortisone alone, 42 (27%) received additional 50 µg, 36 (24%) received 100 µg and 37 (24%) received 200 µg fludrocortisone. Plasma concentrations of fludrocortisone were detected in 97% of patients at 3 h-median (interquartile range [IQR]) 261 (156–334) ng/L. There was no significant difference in the time to shock resolution between groups with median (IQR) of 3 (2.5–4.5), 3 (2–4), 3 (2–6) and 3 (2–5.5) days in the hydrocortisone alone, 50 µg, 100 µg and 200 µg fludrocortisone groups, respectively. The corresponding 28-day mortality rates were 9/38 (24%), 7/42 (17%), 4/36 (11%) and 4/37 (11%), respectively. There were no significant differences between groups with respect to, recurrence of shock, indices of organ failure or other secondary outcomes.

Conclusions
Enteral fludrocortisone resulted in detectable plasma fludrocortisone concentrations in the majority of critically ill patients with septic shock, although they varied widely indicating differing absorption and bioavailability. Its addition to hydrocortisone was not associated with shorter time to shock resolution.
Will humans ever become conscious? Jiddu Krishnamurti’s thought about AI as a fresh perspective on current debates
Authors: Tubali Shai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn 1980, the 85 year-old mystic and thinker Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895–1986), having been introduced to the subject of artificial intelligence by computer scientists, became engrossed in the challenge posed to the human mind by the prospect of the machine taking over its processes and faculties. What makes Krishnamurti’s angle worthy of separate discussion is that it accentuates not social and cultural ramifications, but a mostly overlooked potential philosophical and psychological crisis. As a thinker and mystic whose life work entirely centred on the transformation of the human mind, Krishnamurti worried that an insufficiently cultivated mind that had been employed merely for material and mechanical purposes would be perfectly imitable and thus replaceable by computers and other machines. Thus, our main concern should not be machines attaining humanlike minds, but people having machinelike minds. I argue that the particular dimension of the AI–mind encounter elucidated by Krishnamurti can significantly broaden the field of the philosophy of artificial intelligence. Firstly, Krishnamurti’s investigation further problematizes the field by handing us the question: ‘If the machine can take over everything man can do, and do it still better than us, then what is a human being?’ Accordingly, he demonstrates, deploying phenomenological observations, various ways in which human thought is worryingly computational and machinelike. Secondly, since Krishnamurti’s approach is transformative and arguably soteriological, he offers intriguing ways in which we could consider the inherently nonmechanical yet unactualized faculties of the mind. Since Krishnamurti’s observations involve an insight into the present condition of the mind and a potential active response to this condition, they have some pertinence to both the primary discourse in the field – the interrelations between artificial intelligence and aspects of human cognition – and the emerging discussion of meaningfulness in life in the face of AI.
Hot extrusion of SiCp/Al-Cu composites: optimizing mechanical properties through microstructural control
Authors: Wąsik Anna , Leszczyńska-Madej Beata , Noga Piotr 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe solid-state processing and utilization of light-metal-based composites align with green policies by reducing the weight of components and employing lower processing temperatures compared to traditional metallurgical methods. This study explores the incorporation of SiC particles at concentrations of 5 and 10 wt.% into an Al4Cu matrix through powder mixing, compaction at 235 MPa, hot extrusion, and sintering at 600 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting microstructure, hardness, compressive strength, and flexural strength of the composites were evaluated. During extrusion, the composite underwent plastic deformation, leading to cracking and fragmentation of the SiC particles within the matrix. Therefore, evenly distributed reinforcing particles with a diameter much smaller than the originally introduced ceramic particles were observed. Recrystallization also occurred, with Al2Cu precipitates forming on grain boundaries and nanosized Al2O3 oxides observed in porous areas and at matrix-reinforcement interphase boundaries. The composite containing 5 wt.% SiC exhibited the highest compressive strength of 305 MPa, while the composite with 10 wt.% SiC achieved the highest flexural strength of 889 MPa. However, non-deformable SiC particles crack before reaching maximum strength due to stress concentration at their sharp edges, initiating microcracks in the matrix. Microstructural analysis further revealed that SiC particles tend to crack during hot extrusion, reducing their effectiveness in stress transfer. The hardness remained constant at 78 HV1, irrespective of SiC content. These findings demonstrate that the addition of SiC particles significantly enhances the mechanical properties of Al4Cu composites, making them promising materials for lightweight and high-strength applications.
Trace formulas and inverse spectral theory for generalized indefinite strings
Authors: Eckhardt Jonathan , Kostenko Aleksey 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGeneralized indefinite strings provide a canonical model for self-adjoint operators with simple spectrum (other classical models are Jacobi matrices, Krein strings and $2\times 2$
2
×
2
canonical systems). We prove a number of Szegő-type theorems for generalized indefinite strings and related spectral problems (including Krein strings, canonical systems and Dirac operators). More specifically, for several classes of coefficients (that can be regarded as Hilbert–Schmidt perturbations of model problems), we provide a complete characterization of the corresponding set of spectral measures. In particular, our results also apply to the isospectral Lax operator for the conservative Camassa–Holm flow and allow us to establish existence of global weak solutions with various step-like initial conditions of low regularity via the inverse spectral transform.
A comprehensive and longitudinal evaluation of the different populations of lymphoid and myeloid cells in the peripheral blood of patients treated with chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: von der Grün Jens , Broglie Martina , Guckenberger Matthias , Balermpas Panagiotis 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Immunotherapy provided significant survival benefits for recurrent and metastatic patients with head and neck cancer. These improvements could not be reproduced in patients treated with curative-intent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and the optimal radio-immunotherapy (RIT) concepts have yet to be designed. Exploration and analysis of the pre-therapeutic immune status of these patients and the changes occurring during the treatment course could be crucial in rationally designing future combined treatments.

Methods
Blood samples were collected from a cohort of 25 head and neck cancer patients treated with curative-intended (C)-RT prior to therapy, after the first week of treatment, and three months after treatment completion. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or all nucleated blood cells were isolated and analyzed via flow cytometry.

Results
At baseline, patients showed reduced monocyte and lymphocyte counts compared to healthy individuals. Although overall CD8+ T-cell frequencies were reduced, the proportion of memory subsets were increased in patients. Radiotherapy (RT) treatment led to a further increase in CD8+ effector memory T-cells. Among myeloid populations, tumor-promoting subsets became less abundant after RT, in favor of pro-inflammatory cells.

Conclusion
The present study prospectively demonstrated a complex interplay and distinct longitudinal changes in the composition of lymphocytic and myeloid populations during curative (C)-RT of head and neck cancer. Further validation of this method in a larger cohort could allow for better treatment guidance and tailored incorporation of immunotherapies (IT) in the future.
Influence of Mo doping on the structural, Raman scattering, and magnetic properties of NiO nanostructures
Authors: Khalaf A. , Saghir Rayane , Abdallah A. M. , Noun M. , Awad R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this work, the Ni1-xMoxO, (x = 0.000, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100, and 0.150) nanoparticles were prepared employing the coprecipitation method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that all the samples have a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure with no secondary phases by the effect of the Mo-doping. The Mo-dopants yielded smaller crystallites, reaching a size of 9 nm with x = 0.150. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) images revealed agglomerated NiO nanoparticles with nearly spherical shapes varied to elliptical-like shapes upon increasing Mo concentration. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed the purity of the synthesized samples. The XPS analysis confirmed the valence states of the presented elements in the samples as Ni2+, Ni3+, Mo6+, and O2− ions. The XPS detected the reduction of the nickel and oxygen vacancies, by studying the ratio of Ni2+/Ni3+ and lattice oxygen (OL) to vacant oxygen (OV) peaks. The Raman analysis demonstrated the active vibrational modes of NiO, for all the samples, along with stretching Mo = O bonds for the doped samples. The Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy was employed to study the near band edge and deep level emissions, giving insight to the defect levels within the band gap. The PL affirmed the decrease of the oxygen vacancies upon Mo-doping. Besides, the magnetic hysteresis measurements at room temperature revealed the superparamagnetic contribution embedded in the antiferromagnetic matrix of NiO. The magnetization was tuned by Mo doping concentration, where it affected the saturation magnetization, coercivity, and remnant magnetization. Mo dopant can modify the magnetic property of NiO nanoparticles and can be a potential candidate in biomedical field and data storage applications.
Graphical Abstract