bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivations and Experiences of Whitewater Rafting Tourists on the Ocoee River, USA
Authors: Beckman Eric , Whaley Jeremy E. , Kim Youn‐Kyung 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study explored the relationships that adventure motivations have with adventure experiences (i.e. emotional response and place attachment) and behavioral outcomes (i.e. revisit intention and word‐of‐mouth). Based on 690 surveys collected from whitewater rafters at the Ocoee River in Tennessee, structural equation modeling revealed that thrill and nature motivations led to a positive affective response towards the adventure activity, which led to an attachment to the adventure destination and positive behavioral outcomes and that perceived risk was a significant moderator between thrill and affective response. These findings will assist marketers in promoting the activities and locations to attract more adventure tourists. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bacterial Nanocellulose Magnetically Functionalized for Neuro‐Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Echeverry‐Rendon Mónica , Reece Lisa M. , Pastrana Fernando , Arias Sandra L. , Shetty Akshath R. , Pavón Juan Jose , Allain Jean Paul 
Published: January 2017

Current treatments for brain aneurysms are invasive, traumatic, and not suitable in most patients with increased risks. A new alternative method is using scaffold stents to create a local and focal attraction force of cells for an in situ reconstruction of the tunica media. For this purpose, a nanostructured bioactive coating is designed to render an asymmetric region of the stent scaffold magnetic and biomimetic, which utilizes bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) as a platform for both magnetic and cell attraction as well as proliferation. The magnetization of the BNC is realized through the reaction of Fe III and II, precipitating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). Subsequently, magnetic bacterial nanocellulose (MBNC) is coated with polyethylene glycol to improve its biocompatibility. Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility are evaluated using porcine aortic smooth muscle cells. Preliminary cellular migration assays demonstrate the behavior between MBNC and cells labeled with SPION. In this work, (1) synthesis of BNC impregnated with magnetic nanoparticles is successfully demonstrated; (2) a viable, resilient, and biocompatible hydrogel membrane is tested for neuroendovascular application using a stent scaffold; (3) cell viability and minimal cytotoxicity is achieved; (4) cell migration tests and examination of cellular magnetic attraction confirm the viability of MBNC as a multifunctional coating.
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Energy Level Tuning of Poly(phenylene‐alt‐dithienobenzothiadiazole)s for Low Photon Energy Loss Solar Cells
Authors: Heuvel Ruurd , van Franeker Jacobus J. , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: January 2017

Six poly(phenylene‐alt‐dithienobenzothiadiazole)‐based polymers have been synthesized for application in polymer–fullerene solar cells. Hydrogen, fluorine, or nitrile substitution on benzo­thiadiazole and alkoxy or ester substitution on the phenylene moiety are investigated to reduce the energy loss per converted photon. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 6.6% have been obtained. The best performance is found for the polymer–fullerene combination with distinct phase separation and crystalline domains. This improves the maximum external quantum efficiency for charge formation and collection to 66%. The resulting higher photocurrent compensates for the relatively large energy loss per photon (E
loss = 0.97 eV) in achieving a high PCE. By contrast, the poly­mer that provides a reduced energy loss (E
loss = 0.49 eV) gives a lower photocurrent and a reduced PCE of 1.8% because the external quantum efficiency of 17% is limited by a suboptimal morphology and a reduced driving force for charge transfer.
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Helical Microfilaments with Alternating Imprinted Intrinsic Curvatures
Authors: Silva Pedro Emanuel Santos , Godinho Maria Helena 
Published: January 2017

There has been an intense research for developing techniques that can produce filaments with helical shapes, given the widespread of potential applications. In this work, how helices with different curvatures can be precisely imprinted in microfilaments is shown. It is also shown that using this technique, it is possible to produce, in a single fiber, helices with different curvatures. This striking and innovative behavior is observed when one side of the stretched filaments is irradiated with UV light, modifying the mechanical properties at surface. Upon release, the regions with higher curvature start to curl first, while regions with lower intrinsic curvature remain stretched until start to curl later. The results presented here can be important to understand why structures adopt a helical shape in general, which can be of interest in nanotechnology, biomolecular science, or even to understand why plant filaments curl.
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Differences in MDS‐UPDRS Scores Based on Hoehn and Yahr Stage and Disease Duration
Authors: Skorvanek Matej , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Kovacs Norbert , Rodriguez‐Violante Mayela , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Taba Pille , Seppi Klaus , Levin Oleg , Schrag Anette , Foltynie Thomas , Alvarez‐Sanchez Mario , Arakaki Tomoko , Aschermann Zsuzsanna , Aviles‐Olmos Iciar , Benchetrit Eve , Benoit Charline , Bergareche‐Yarza Alberto , Cervantes‐Arriaga Amin , Chade Anabel , Cormier Florence , Datieva Veronika , Gallagher David A. , Garretto Nelida , Gdovinova Zuzana , Gershanik Oscar , Grofik Milan , Han Vladimir , Huang Jing , Kadastik‐Eerme Liis , Kurtis Monica M. , Mangone Graziella , Martinez‐Castrillo Juan Carlos , Mendoza‐Rodriguez Amelia , Minar Michal , Moore Henry P. , Muldmaa Mari , Mueller Christoph , Pinter Bernadette , Poewe Werner , Rallmann Karin , Reiter Eva , Rodriguez‐Blazquez Carmen , Singer Carlos , Tilley Barbara C. , Valkovic Peter , Goetz Christopher G. , Stebbins Glenn T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) is a newly developed tool to assess Parkinson's disease (PD). Changes in scores on the scale over the course of PD, including increasing disease duration and Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stages, have not been described. The objectives of this study were to analyze MDS‐UPDRS scores on Parts I through IV and their differences based on HY stage and disease duration in a large cohort of patients with PD.MethodsFor this cross‐sectional study, demographic data and MDS‐UPDRS scores were collected, including HY stage. Subscores on MDS‐UPDRS Parts I through IV were analyzed using 1‐way analyses of variance for each HY stage and in 5‐year increments of disease duration. Part III (motor assessment) scores were analyzed separately for on and off states.ResultsThe mean age of the 3206 patients was 65.8 ± 10.6 years, 53.3% were men, the mean disease duration was 11.5 ± 4.6 years, and the median HY stage was 2 (range, 0–5); 2156 patients were examined in an on state and 987 were examined in an off state. Scores for all MDS‐UPDRS parts increased significantly through HY stages 1 through 5, with an average increase of 3.8, 7.7, 14.6, and 2.0 points consecutively for parts I through IV, respectively. For the 5‐year increments of disease duration, MDS‐UPDRS subscores increased by an average of 1.6, 3.3, 4.2, and 1.4 points consecutively for parts I through IV, respectively. This increase was significant only during the first 15 years of disease for all 4 parts, including part III scores evaluated in both on and off states.ConclusionsMDS‐UPDRS scores for all 4 parts increase significantly with every HY stage and also with 5‐year increments of disease duration in the first 15 years of the disease.
Essential pitfalls in “essential” tremor
Authors: Espay Alberto J. , Lang Anthony E. , Erro Roberto , Merola Aristide , Fasano Alfonso , Berardelli Alfredo , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAlthough essential tremor has been considered the most common movement disorder, it has largely remained a diagnosis of exclusion: many tremor and nontremor features must be absent for the clinical diagnosis to stand. The clinical features of “essential tremor” overlap with or may be part of other tremor disorders and, not surprisingly, this prevalent familial disorder has remained without a gene identified, without a consistent natural history, and without an acceptable pathology or pathophysiologic underpinning. The collective evidence suggests that under the rubric of essential tremor there exists multiple unique diseases, some of which represent cerebellar dysfunction, but for which there is no intrinsic “essence” other than a common oscillatory behavior on posture and action. One approach may be to use the term essential tremor only as a transitional node in the deep phenotyping of tremor disorders based on historical, phenomenological, and neurophysiological features to facilitate its etiologic diagnosis or serve for future gene‐ and biomarker‐discovery efforts. This approach deemphasizes essential tremor as a diagnostic entity and facilitates the understanding of the underlying disorders to develop biologically tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Approaches for mitigating over‐solving in multiphysics simulations
Authors: Senecal Jaron P. , Ji Wei 
Published: January 2017

SummaryMultiphysics simulations are used to solve coupled physics problems found in a wide variety of applications in natural and engineering systems. Combining models of different physical processes into one computational tool is the essence of multiphysics simulation. A general and widely used coupling approach is to combine several ‘single‐physics’ numerical solvers, each already being well developed, mature/sophisticated into an iteration‐based computational package. This approach iterates over the constituent solvers at every time step, to obtain globally converged solutions. During the simulation, each single‐physics component is solved repeatedly until the feedback has been adequately resolved. However, the component problem solution only needs to be as precise as the feedback that it receives from the other component. Thus, computational effort expended to exceed such precision is wasted. This issue is usually called over‐solving. This paper proposes and discusses several methods that circumvent over‐solving. The residual balance, relaxed relative tolerance, alternating nonlinear, and solution interruption methods are described, and their performance is compared with Picard iteration. A steady state problem with coupling along an interface and a transient problem with two fields coupled throughout the spatial domain are solved as examples. These problems demonstrate that the savings associated with eliminating over‐solving can reach at least 30% without any loss in accuracy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approaching an experimental electron density model of the biologically active trans‐epoxysuccinyl amide group—Substituent effects vs. crystal packing
Authors: Shi Ming W. , Stewart Scott G. , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Dittrich Birger , Schirmeister Tanja , Luger Peter , Hesse Malte , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Spackman Peter R. , Spackman Mark A. , Grabowsky Simon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe trans‐epoxysuccinyl amide group as a biologically active moiety in cysteine protease inhibitors such as loxistatin acid E64c has been used as a benchmark system for theoretical studies of environmental effects on the electron density of small active ingredients in relation to their biological activity. Here, the synthesis and the electronic properties of the smallest possible active site model compound are reported to close the gap between the unknown experimental electron density of trans‐epoxysuccinyl amides and the well‐known function of related drugs. Intramolecular substituent effects are separated from intermolecular crystal packing effects on the electron density, which allows us to predict the conditions under which an experimental electron density investigation on trans‐epoxysuccinyl amides will be possible. In this context, the special importance of the carboxylic acid function in the model compound for both crystal packing and biological activity is revealed through the novel tool of model energy analysis.
Processable cyanate ester resin from Cis resveratrol
Authors: Cambrea Lee R. , Davis Matthew C. , Garrison Michael D. , Groshens Thomas J. , Lyon Richard E. , Safronava Natallia 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTTrans resveratrol isomerizes to cis resveratrol (cRes) with ultra‐violet light and undergoes cyanation to the new compound cRes tricyanate (2). Monomer 2 polymerizes to a polycyanurate that is remarkably stable to heat with a glass transition temperature > 350 °C and char yield of 73% in air up to 600 °C. The monomer 2 melts at <80 °C with a wide processing window before polymerization. The new thermosetting resin made from a natural product is a useful matrix material for polymer matrix composites requiring high‐performance characteristics. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 971–980
Clickable polyurethanes based on s‐triazine ring containing aromatic diisocyanate bearing pendent alkyne group: Synthesis and postmodification
Authors: Garg Kavita , Chatterjee Deepshikha , Wadgaonkar Prakash P. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA new s‐triazine ring containing aromatic diisocyanate bearing a pendent alkyne group, namely, 2,4‐bis(4‐isocyanatophenoxy)−6‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy)−1,3,5‐triazine was synthesized and reacted with various diols viz., 1,10‐decanediol, tetraethylene glycol and polyethylene glycols in the presence of dibutyltin dilaurate as the catalyst to obtain a series of linear polyurethanes. The selected polyurethanes possessing pendent alkyne groups were postmodified with chemically diverse azides viz., 1‐(azidomethyl)benzene, 1‐(azidomethyl)pyrene, and methoxy end‐caped poly(ethylene glycol) azide via copper‐catalysed azide‐alkyne Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition. FTIR and 1H NMR spectra indicated quantitative click reaction. UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopic analysis confirmed complete incorporation of pyrenyl groups indicating the formation of fluorescence active polyurethane by postmodification with 1‐(azidomethyl)pyrene. TG analysis of polyurethanes indicated two stage weight loss and their thermal stability, as judged by T10 values, was governed by weight percent of urethane linkages. The water contact angle measurements revealed improved wettability with increased content of PEG either in the backbone of polyurethanes or as grafted chains. DLS and TEM studies confirmed that certain polyurethanes possessing PEG segments displayed self‐assembly in aqueous solution, which was further supported by pyrene encapsulation studies using UV–vis spectroscopy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1008–1020
Controlling domain orientation of liquid crystalline block copolymer in thin films through tuning mesogenic chemical structures
Authors: Xie He‐Lou , Li Xiao , Ren Jiaxing , Bishop Camille , Arges Christopher G. , Nealey Paul F. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTControlling the macroscopic orientation of nanoscale periodic structures of amphiphilic liquid crystalline block copolymers (LC BCPs) is important to a variety of technical applications (e.g., lithium conducting polymer electrolytes). To study LC BCP domain orientation, a series of LC BCPs containing a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) block as a conventional hydrophilic coil block and LC blocks containing azobenzene mesogens is designed and synthesized. LC ordering in thin films of the BCP leads to the formation of highly ordered, microphase‐separated nanostructures, with hexagonally arranged PEO cylinders. Substitution on the tail of the azobenzene mesogen is shown to control the orientation of the PEO cylinders. When the substitution on the mesogenic tails is an alkyl chain, the PEO cylinders have a perpendicular orientation to the substrate surface, provided the thin film is above a critical thickness value. In contrast, when the substitution on the mesogenic tails has an ether group the PEO cylinders assemble parallel to the substrate surface regardless of the film thickness value. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 532–541
Physically cross‐linked networks of POSS‐capped poly(acrylate amide)s: Synthesis, morphologies, and shape memory behavior
Authors: Cao Yuqin , Xu Sen , Li Lei , Zheng Sixun 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn this work, we synthesized a novel organic–inorganic semitelechelic polymer from polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and poly(acrylate amide) (PAA) via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The organic–inorganic semitelechelic polymers have been characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. It was found that capping POSS groups to the single ends of PAA chains caused a series of significant changes in the morphologies and thermomechanical properties of the polymer. The organic–inorganic semitelechelics were microphase‐separated; the POSS microdomains were formed via the POSS–POSS interactions. In a selective solvent (e.g., methanol), the organic–inorganic semitelechelics can be self‐assembled into the micelle‐like nanoobjects. Compared to plain PAA, the POSS‐capped PAAs significantly displayed improved surface hydrophobicity as evidenced by the measurements of static contact angles and surface atomic force microscopy. More importantly, the organic–inorganic semitelechelics displayed typical shape memory properties, which was in marked contrast to plain PAA. The shape memory behavior is attributable to the formation of the physically cross‐linked networks from the combination of the POSS–POSS interactions with the intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions in the organic–inorganic semitelechelics. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 587–600
Overall convergence rate of delta operator systems subject to actuator saturation
Authors: Yang Hongjiu , Li Peng , Xia Yuanqing , Geng Qing 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIn this paper, overall convergence rate is considered for a delta operator system with actuator saturation. A saturation feedback law is presented for the delta operator system to obtain a desired overall convergence rate. Some properties on the overall convergence rate are revealed for time‐optimal actuator saturation delta operator systems. Limitations on the overall convergence rate are also investigated by proposed methods. An optimization problem is solved through a linear matrix inequality method to obtain the domain of attraction and overall convergence rate. Two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Taxon‐Specific and Taxon‐Generic Risk Screening Tools to Identify Potentially Invasive Non‐native Fishes in the River Neretva Catchment (Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia)
Authors: Glamuzina B. , Tutman P. , Nikolić V. , Vidović Z. , Pavličević J. , Vilizzi L. , Copp G. H. , Simonović P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Freshwater Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK) v2 and Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS‐ISK) risk identification screening tools were used to assess the invasiveness potential of 24 non‐native (NNS) freshwater fish species in the River Neretva catchment (Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia), a risk assessment (RA) area that is an important Mediterranean hotspot for fish endemism. The two assessors assigned similar scores for the invasiveness potential of the NN fishes, and both screening tools successfully distinguished invasive from non‐invasive species. Mean calibrated threshold scores were 10.25 for FISK and 10.00 for AS‐ISK, with the latter increasing to 12.62 when questions that assess the likely impact of predicted future climate conditions on the RA were taken into consideration. These relatively low threshold values are characteristic of areas with an elevated number of translocated species and suggest that NN fishes pose a considerable threat to native species and ecosystems. FISK ranked 50.0–62.6% of the species as being of ‘high risk’ compared with 58.4–59.3% using AS‐ISK. The highest scores (‘very high risk’) were attributed to gibel carp Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) and pikeperch Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758). The generic screening tool for aquatic species (AS‐ISK) provided similar risk rankings to its predecessor, FISK, as regards invasiveness potential. For this reason, it is likely to be an effective tool for evaluating the potential invasion risk of NNS freshwater fishes for other RA areas in the Balkans. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intuitive understanding of steady‐state and transient behaviors
Authors: Moxnes Erling , Davidsen Pål I. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA growing literature demonstrates how most people misperceive structure and behavior of even simple dynamic systems. Developing an intuitive understanding of dynamics is also challenging for system dynamics students and teachers. The main purpose of this article is to contribute to intuitive understanding of steady‐state and transient behaviors. Analytical solutions to illustrative sample models are used to analyze these behaviors. The analysis explains why simple rules of thumb about exponential growth, exponential decay, and oscillations often fail to fully explain behavior in higher‐order models. The analysis highlights the role of initial stock values and of what we term “stock coordination”. The exposed complexity of dynamics strengthens the need for simulations to test hypothesized explanations in terms of model structures. Copyright © 2017 System Dynamics Society
Crucial pitfall of DPA Contest V4.2 implementation
Authors: Martinasek Zdenek , Iglesias Felix , Malina Lukas , Martinasek Josef 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDifferential power analysis (DPA) is a powerful side‐channel key recovery attack that efficiently breaks cryptographic algorithm implementations. In order to prevent these types of attacks, hardware designers and software programmers make use of masking and hiding techniques. DPA contest is an international framework that allows researchers to compare their power analysis attacks under the same conditions. The latest version of DPA contest, denoted as V4.2, provides an improved implementation of the rotating S‐box masking scheme where low‐entropy boolean masking is combined with the shuffling technique to protect Advanced Encryption Standard implementation on a smart card. The improvements were designed based on the awareness of implementation lacks analyzed from attacks carried out during the previous DPA contest V4. Therefore, this new approach is devised to resist most of the proposed attacks to the original rotating S‐box masking implementation. In this paper, we investigate the security of this new implementation in practice. Our analysis, focused on exploiting the first‐order leakage, discovered important lacks. The main vulnerability observed is that an adversary can mount a standard DPA attack aimed at the S‐box output in order to recover the whole secret key even when a shuffling technique is used. We tested this observation on a public dataset and implemented a successful attack that revealed the secret key using only 35 power traces. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.