bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periorbital Cellulitis Caused by Bacillus Thuringiensis
Authors: Peker Erdal , Cagan Eren , Dogan Murat , Kilic Adil , Caksen Huseyin , Yesilmen Osman 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Periorbital cellulitis is an inflammation of the lids and periorbital tissues without signs of true involvement such as proptosis or limitation of eye movement. Methods Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming soil bacterium with the ability to produce insecticidal crystal proteins. B thuringiensis is an extremely rare causative organism of orbital and periorbital infections. However, it was rarely seen isolated in pediatric cases with preseptal cellulites. Ocular infections of this bacteria quickly progress, within 12–48 hours from inoculation, leading to endophthalmitis or panophthalmitis and irreversible vision loss. Results Periorbital cellulitis should be recognized promptly and treated carefully. Hospitalization, prompt systemic antibiotic therapy, and careful monitoring for signs of sepsis and local invasion are critical. Conclusions We report a rare presentation of periorbital cellulitis caused by B thuringiensis.
Traditional Arabic Technique of Couching for Cataract Treatment in Yemen
Authors: Bamashmus Mahfouth A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. In Yemen, a number of cataract patients still receive sight-restoring surgery using a traditional Arabic couching procedure. In order to evaluate the relative effectiveness and outcomes of the traditional couching procedure, patients attending a teaching center in Sana'a who had the procedure were studied. Methods. Fifty-five eyes of 50 patients treated by traditional couching were evaluated. All individuals were checked for best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundal examination. All were questioned regarding their clinical history, cost of the surgery, and their satisfaction with the procedure immediately following the operation and presently. Results. There were 55 eyes of 50 patients treated by a traditional couching procedure by a local healer. A total of 32 (64%) were men and 18 (36%) were women. The traditional healer was often paid partially in kind and the price paid varied according to patientís ability and was on average $62 USD plus accommodation and meals in the village the healer visited. After aphakic correction of eyes, 1.8% (1/55) had good vision (VA ≥ 6/18), 21.8% (12/55) had low vision (≥3/60), and 76.4% (42/55) were still blind (<3/60). Complications noted were glaucoma (21), corneal opacity (14), uveitis (6), posterior capsule opacity (8), retinal detachment (7), and severe pain (14). Conclusions. In Yemen, cataract-blind persons are still treated by traditional healers. This study suggests that the couching method used is relatively expensive, ineffective, and dangerous, and most patients are not satisfied with the results.
Bacterial Contamination Rate of the Anterior Chamber during Cataract Surgery using Conventional Culture and Eubacterial PCR
Authors: Cornut Pierre-Loïc , Vandenesch François , Lina Gerard , Benito Yvonne , Etienne Jerome , Piras Carolina , Kodjikian Laurent , Denis Philippe , Burillon Carole 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To evaluate the incidence of anterior chamber bacterial contamination during phacoemulsification cataract surgery using eubacterial polymerase chain reaction and conventional cultures. Methods. This prospective study included 30 eyes of 24 patients who had phacoemulsification with implantation of a foldable acrylic posterior chamber intraocular lens through a 3.2-mm clear corneal incision. Topical aminosid was administered 3 days before surgery. After povidone-iodine antisepsis, 2 intraoperative anterior chamber aspirates were obtained from each patient, the first taken upon entering the anterior chamber and the second at the conclusion of surgery after the suture. Broad-range eubacterial polymerase chain reaction amplification and conventional cultures were used to verify that aqueous humor did not contain any detectable bacteria at the beginning of the surgery and to evaluate the bacterial contamination rate of the anterior chamber at the end of it. No oral antibiotic prophylaxis was used. Results and Conclusions No specimens (0%) aspirated on entry into the anterior chamber or obtained at the conclusion of surgery were positive for microorganisms on culture or eubacterial polymerase chain reaction. None of the eyes developed acute endophthalmitis. The incidence of anterior chamber bacterial contamination during phacoemulsification recovered in this study using eubacterial polymerase chain reaction and conventional culture was null (0%).
Macular Thickness Changes after Phacoemulsification Combined with Primary Posterior Curvilinear Capsulorhexis
Authors: Yazici Ahmet Taylan , Bozkurt Ercument , Altan Çi Dem , Albayrak Sinan , Çakir Mehmet , Alagoz Nese , Yilmaz Ömer Faruk 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To evaluate the changes in central macular thickness measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) after cataract surgery combined with primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC). Methods. Forty-six eyes of 40 consecutive patients who had uneventful phacoemulsification and in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation surgery with primary PCCC, taking place between August 2005 and January 2006 in Beyoğlu Eye Training and Research Hospital, were enrolled. Patients with a history of previous ocular surgery, eye trauma, uveitis, or glaucoma, or any systemic disease such as diabetes mellitus, were excluded from the study. None of the cases had macular pathology before surgery. OCT was performed in all patients preoperatively and postoperatively on the first day, first week, and first, third, and sixth months. Results. Significant quantitative changes from the preoperative examination were observed in the postoperative first week, first month, and third month (p<0.05). The difference between the mean preoperative and postoperative sixth month central macular thickness was not statistically significant (p=0.20). The greatest change in mean macular thickness was noted in the first month visit. No patient developed cystoid macular edema. Conclusions. Because primary PCCC does not have an adverse effect on macular integrity, this procedure may be preferred especially in patients with a high risk of posterior capsular opacification.
Effects of Physical Effort on Neuroretinal Function in Athletes and Non-Athletes: An Electroretinographic Study
Authors: Zwierko Teresa , Czepita Damian M. , Lubiński Wojciech , Lubkowska Anna 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. Physical exertion may disturb retinal function. We wondered whether different levels of physical performance could affect the plot of neuroretinal activity after dynamic exercise in healthy subjects. The aim of our study was to estimate the effect of increasing intensity physical exercise on retinal activity in 2 groups: athletes (n=10) and non-athletes (n=10). Methods. We analyzed the amplitude and implicit time of b-wave electroretinogram (ERG) responses for a photopic white 30-Hz flicker stimulus. Using a cycloergometer, 3 10-minute effort tests with increasing intensity were performed. Each participant was attributed an individual workload value (W) below his lactate threshold (40% VO2max), at his lactate threshold (65%-75% VO2max), and above his lactate threshold (80% VO2max). Five ERG recordings were taken: before the efforts (first), immediately after the 3 consecutive efforts (second to fourth), and 1 hour after the last effort (fifth). Results. After the first effort, in both groups we observed a statistically significant increase in b-wave amplitude (p<0.05), and in non-athletes a decrease in implicit time of b-wave (p<0.05). After the last effort, we observed a decreased b-wave amplitude in non-athletes, whereas in athletes the amplitude remained at a high level. Conclusions. Physical effort significantly differentiated the plot of b-wave amplitude changes between athletes and non-athletes. These findings suggest that strenuous physical effort may disturb signal transfer in the inner retinal layer in non-athletic subjects. The ERGs may be used as a neurophysiologic indicator in defining the cardiovascular training status of an athlete.
Comparison of Normal and Amblyopic Retinas by Optical Coherence Tomography in Children
Authors: Aguirre Fernando , Mengual Encarnación , Hueso José Ramón , Moya Manuel 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To measure retinal thickness in eyes of children with regular visual development and in amblyopic eyes (distinguishing between mild and severe) by optical coherence tomography (OCT), establishing significant differences between them. Methods. Following our previous study, 192 eyes of children from 4 to 10 years old were examined: 68 with regular vision and 124 with ametropic amblyopia at the time of diagnosis (66 mild and 58 severe). The outside macular ring was analyzed by OCT, divided into 4 areas (superior, inferior, temporal and nasal). Effect of sex, age and refraction in retinal thickness obtained were studied. Results. All retinal areas in the various groups showed a high correlation between them, with rates ranging between 0.652 and 0.718 (all p <0.001). According to results, all retinal areas are thicker in amblyopic eyes than in normal ones (p <0.05 in the upper and nasal), especially in slight amblyopia, which is up to 4.5% thicker than in normal eyes (maximum 11 μm in the nasal area, p <0.001). Differences were greater in females (up to 5.9% thicker). The inferior area in hyperopic eyes proved to be thicker, with no differences according to age. Conclusions. Retinas of eyes with ametropic amblyopia have a more considerable retinal thickness than in a normal eye, at least in some areas. The severity of amblyopia and gender are factors of interaction, not of confounding.
Effect of Oral Prednisolone on Visual Outcomes and Complications after Scleral Buckling
Authors: Dehghan Mohammad H. , Ahmadieh Hamid , Soheilian Masoud , Azarmina Mohsen , Moradian Siamak , Ramezani Ali R. , Tavallali Ali , Naghibozakerin Jalil 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of oral prednisolone on visual outcomes and complications of scleral buckling (SB) in phakic eyes with acute rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, patients with acute RRD underwent SB. The treatment group received 1 mg/kg oral prednisolone for 10 days while the control group received placebo. Outcome measures included visual acuity (VA), retinal redetachment (re-RD), cystoid macular edema (CME), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and other possible postoperative complications. Outcome measures were compared between groups with McNemar test. Results. Overall, 52 eyes of 52 subjects were enrolled into the study, which included 25 and 27 eyes in the treatment and placebo groups, respectively. Preoperatively, the extent and location of RD and rate of hypotony was comparable between the study groups. VA improvement (logMAR) was 0.75±0.61 overall: 0.85±0.62 in the treatment group versus 0.65±0.61 in the placebo group (p=0.36). Postoperative complications in the treatment and placebo groups included choroidal detachment, 3 versus 4 eyes (p=0.45), significant PVR, 1 versus 3 (p=0.33), and CME, 3 versus 5 eyes (p=0.39), respectively. Conclusions. Postoperative oral prednisolone does not seem to improve the visual outcomes and complications of scleral buckling in simple phakic RRD.
Prevalence and Causes of Bilateral Blindness and Visual Impairment among Institutionalized Elderly People in Pamplona, Spain
Authors: Sainz-Gómez Carmen , Fernández-Robredo Patricia , Salinas-Alamán Ángel , Montañés Javier Moreno , Berasategui José Maria Escudero , Guillén-Grima Francisco , Ruiz-Moreno José María , Garcia-Layana Alfredo 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To estimate the prevalence and causes of bilateral blindness and visual impairment in an urban institutionalized population aged 65 years and older. Methods. A total of 392 nursing home residents completed a standardized eye examination, including measurement of visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure, lens opacity grading, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and photography of the macular area. The major causes of vision loss identified for all participants were blindness and visual impairment. Results. The average subject age was 82 years (65–97); women outnumbered men 263 to 129. The prevalence of bilateral blindness (VA ≥1.0 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) was 14.9% (43/288); the prevalence of visual impairment (VA ≥0.5 and 1.0 logMAR) was 31.9% (92/288). Blindness and visual impairment increased significantly with age (p<0.05), odds ratio (OR) 1.047 and 1.088, respectively. Cataract was the most common cause of bilateral blindness and visual impairment (27.9% and 44.6%, respectively) followed by pathologic myopia (23.3%) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (20.9%) for blindness, and by AMD (27.2%) and pathologic myopia (12%) for visual impairment. Fifty percent of subjects with visual loss had the potential for improved vision with medical or surgical intervention. Conclusions. Although the prevalences were high, these data are important since it is difficult for epidemiologic studies to include aged, institutionalized individuals, although their numbers are increasing. Recognition of the predominant causes of visual loss dependent on age is fundamental for early diagnosis and treatment of ocular diseases. Many cases of low vision can be treated with appropriate ophthalmologic care.
Recurrent Cytomegalovirus Corneal Endotheliitis after Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Wang Shih-Chien , Tsai I-Lun , Lin Hsiao-Cheng , Kuo Li-Lin , Tsai Ching-Yao , Liou Shiow-Wen 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To report a case of recurrent cytomegalovirus (CMV) corneal endotheliitis after penetrating keratoplasty. Methods. Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) was performed in a 49-year-old man with bullous keratopathy. Pigmented keratic precipitates (KPs) were found in the corneal endothelium of the graft 13 days after surgery, with the subsequent appearance of coin-shaped lesions. Confocal microscopy was performed on the corneal endothelium. Aqueous humor was analyzed for viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. CMV DNA was detected from the excised corneal button, and aqueous humor revealed positive results for CMV and HSV1 by PCR. Confocal microscopy showed large corneal endothelial cells, consistent with the typical owl's eye morphology of CMV endotheliitis. After systemic ganciclovir was administered, the pigmented KPs and coin-shaped lesions gradually decreased. Conclusions. Stress from surgery and corticosteroid usage can revitalize CMV activity. PCR and confocal microscopy are valuable for the diagnosis of CMV corneal endotheliitis.
Cefuroxime Dilution Error
Authors: Sakarya Yasar , Sakarya Rabia 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To present clinical findings of a cluster of cases of inadvertent high-dose intracameral cefuroxime injection after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Methods. Six eyes of 6 patients (mean age 68.33 years, range 61–75, 4 male, 2 female) were operated on the same day by the same surgeon. At the end of surgery, 3 mg in 0.1 mL cefuroxime (30 mg/mL, Zinnat, GlaxoSmithKline) was erroneously injected into anterior chamber of 6 eyes. Incorrect dilution of cefuroxime was noticed at the end of operation day. Results. The 6 patients were followed up very closely every day during the first week. No adverse reaction or inflammation was observed at postoperative examination. All patients achieved 20/20 or better vision at the end of the first week. Conclusions. Inadvertent intracameral (3 mg in 0.1 mL) cefuroxime injection did not cause any detectable adverse effect on ocular tissues.
Chronic Macular Edema Medical Treatment in Irvine-Gass Syndrome: Case Report
Authors: Randazzo Alessandro , Vinciguerra Paolo 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. The advent of intravitreal pharmacologic therapies opened a new perspective in the treatment of Irvine-Gass syndrome with potential side effects. In this case report we evaluated the efficacy of steroid sub-Tenon injection treatment in chronic macular edema. Methods. Five sub-Tenon injections, each of 0.8 cc of 4 mg betamethasone, were performed at 1-week intervals, followed by a second cycle of 5 sub-Tenon injections with the same cadency injections 4 months after the first cycle in a 52-year-old Caucasian woman with post-cataract surgery macular edema (Irvine-Gass syndrome). Results. At first examination, the patient showed a best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) of 0.52 (logMAR). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a foveal thickness of 893±4 μm and total macular volume of 15.41 mm3. Eleven months after starting treatment, BSCVA was 0.39 (logMAR) with reduction in metamorphopsia and better color sensitivity. OCT showed a foveal thickness of 217 μm and total macular volume of 8.05 mm3. Differential map between the first and the last OCTs showed a foveal thickness reduction of 660 μm. Conclusions. The significant improvement observed in this case of postsurgical macular edema showed how sub-Tenon steroidal injections proved to be useful as a first-step therapy.
Type II Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia and Soft Confluent Drusen
Authors: Querques Giuseppe , Coscas Gabriel , Soubrane Gisèle , Souied Eric H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To describe the simultaneous presentation of soft confluent drusen and type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia (IMT) in both eyes of one patient. Methods. A 79-year-old man with bilateral metamorphopsia and gradual reduction of central vision underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination. Results. In this patient, fundus biomicroscopy revealed soft confluent drusen and a cystic appearance within the fovea, and fluorescein angiography (FA) showed late dye leakage. Interestingly, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) showed absence of late hypercyanescence, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis SD-OCT) clearly revealed the presence of bilateral foveal cysts with thinning and loss of the normal architecture of the outer retina, as well as absence of retinal thickening within the parafoveolar area showing discrete late dye leakage on FA. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration with foveal soft confluent drusen, and coincident nonproliferative type 2 IMT. Conclusions. To our knowledge, there is no previously reported case of simultaneous presentation of soft confluent drusen and type 2 IMT. This report highlights the importance of ICGA and OCT in the correct diagnosis of such cases.
Full-Thickness Macular Hole after Intravitreal Injection of Ranibizumab in a Patient with Retinal Pigment Epithelium Detachment and Tear
Authors: Grigoropoulos Vlassis , Emfietzoglou John , Nikolaidis Pantelis , Theodossiadis George , Theodossiadis Panagiotis 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To report a case of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab in a patient with retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED) and tear. Methods. A 67-year-old woman with PED and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear due to age-related macular degeneration was studied by biomicroscopy, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography and was treated with intravitreal ranibizumab. Results. The patient developed a FTMH that was observed 1 month after the ranibizumab injection. Conclusions. Intravitreal ranibizumab may create focal sites of fractional forces on the retinal surface while contraction of the choroidal neovascular membrane may also place forces on the RPE and outer retina. Both actions may have as a result contraction and tearing of the retina leading to the formation of a FTMH.
Intraocular Gas Treatment for Myopic Foveoschisis
Authors: Gili Pablo , Yangüela Julio , Martín José Carlos 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To report a case of symptomatic myopic retinoschisis with foveolar detachment and lamellar macular hole, treated with expansible gas. Methods. Interventional case report. A myopic patient presented with a history of decreased vision and metamorphopsia in his right eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed an increased macular thickness, thinning and separation of the inner and external retina (retinoschisis or foveoschisis), foveolar detachment, lamellar hole, and foveolar vitreous traction. We treated the patient with a single dose of 0.2 mL of perfluoroethane (C2F6), performed under retrobulbar anesthesia, followed by prone posturing for 15 days. Results. OCT showed reattachment of the foveolar retina, disappearance of the retinoschisis, and visual acuity improvement. Conclusions. Intraocular expansible gas and prone posturing, without vitrectomy, could be an alternative treatment in selected cases of symptomatic macular foveoschisis with foveolar detachment, in the absence of dense epiretinal membranes.
Partial Regression of Degenerative Retinoschisis Associated with Epiretinal Membrane after Vitrectomy
Authors: Stopa Marcin , Rogalińska Izabela , Kociçcki Jarosław 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To report a new and atypical pathology of epiretinal membrane formation on the top of the retinoschisis (schisis-membrane). Methods. We describe a patient with recent visual acuity and visual field deterioration due to a rapid progression of retinoschisis in the macular area resulting from shrinking membrane on the top of the schisis. The patient underwent vitrectomy with membrane removal. Results. Partial regression of the schisis was observed and visual acuity improved from 5/12 to 5/5. Perimetry demonstrated that the corresponding visual field deterioration partially regressed. Conclusions. Release of traction exerted by a shrinking membrane is a surgical option to promote regression of retinoschisis and improvement in visual field and vision in schisis-membrane cases.
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Associated with Good's Syndrome
Authors: Mateo-Montoya Aranzazu , Stanescu Dinu , Wolff Benjamin , Sahel José-Alain , Bonnel Sébastien 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To report a case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis associated with Good's syndrome. Methods. A 57-year-old man presented to our ophthalmology clinic with complaints of visual loss in the left eye for 2 weeks. His medical anamnesis revealed myasthenia gravis, thymoma resection, multiple chest infections, and Campylobacter septicemia. Left eye examination revealed mild anterior uveitis, moderate vitritis, and superotemporal active retinitis. Results. Polymerase chain reaction of both aqueous humor and vitreous tap were positive for CMV DNA, which suggested CMV retinitis. The patient was treated with systemic treatment of acyclovir and ganciclovir combined with weekly intravitreal injections of ganciclovir and foscarnet. Retinitis resolved within 3 weeks and visual acuity improved. Conclusions. CMV retinitis can be associated with Good's syndrome.