bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OnProphocaandLeptophoca(Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from the Miocene of the North Atlantic realm: redescription, phylogenetic affinities and paleobiogeographic implications
Authors: Dewaele Leonard , Lambert Olivier , Louwye Stephen 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundProphocaandLeptophocarepresent the oldest known genera of phocine seals, dating from the latest early to middle Miocene. Originally,Prophoca rousseauiandProphoca proximawere described based on fragmentary remains from the Miocene of Belgium. However, several researchers contested the union ofProphoca rousseauiandProphoca proximainto one genus, without providing evidence. The stratigraphic context ofProphocaremained poorly constrained due to the lack of precise data associated with the original specimens collected in the area of Antwerp (north of Belgium).MethodsProphocaandLeptophocaare redescribed and their phylogenetic position among Phocidae is reassessed using PAUP. Dinoflagellate biostratigraphy has been carried out on sediment samples associated with specimens fromProphocaandLeptophocato elucidate their approximate ages.ResultsWhereas the speciesProphoca rousseauiis redescribed,Prophoca proximais considered synonymous toLeptophoca lenis, with the proposal of a new combinationLeptophoca proxima(Van Beneden, 1877). Sediment samples from specimens of both taxa have been dated to the late Langhian–early Serravallian (middle Miocene). Following a reinvestigation ofLeptophoca amphiatlantica, characters from the original diagnosis are questioned and the specimens ofLeptophoca amphiatlanticaare consideredLeptophocacf.L. proxima. In a phylogenetic analysis,Prophoca rousseauiandLeptophoca proximaconstitute early branching stem-phocines.DiscussionLeptophoca proximafrom the North Sea Basin is younger than the oldest known find ofLeptophoca proximafrom North America, which does not contradict the hypothesis that Phocinae originated along the east coast of North America during the late early Miocene, followed by dispersal to Europe shortly after. Morphological features of the appendicular skeleton indicate thatProphoca rousseauiandLeptophoca proximahave archaic locomotory modes, retaining a more prominent use of the fore flipper for aquatic propulsion than extant Phocidae.
Simplified two‐dimensional microwave imaging scheme using metamaterial‐loaded Vivaldi antenna
Authors: Johari Esha , Akhter Zubair , Bhaskar Manoj , Akhtar M. Jaleel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a highly efficient, low‐cost scheme for two‐dimensional microwave imaging is proposed. To this end, the AZIM (anisotropic zero index metamaterial) cell‐loaded Vivaldi antenna is designed and tested as effective electromagnetic radiation beam source required in the microwave imaging scheme. The designed antenna is first individually tested in the anechoic chamber, and its directivity along with the radiation pattern is obtained. The measurement setup for the imaging here involves a vector network analyzer, the AZIM cell‐loaded ultra‐wideband Vivaldi antenna, and other associated microwave components. The potential of the designed antenna for the microwave imaging is tested by first obtaining the two‐dimensional reflectivity images of metallic samples of different shapes placed in front of the antenna, using the proposed scheme. In the next step, these sets of samples are hidden behind wooden blocks of different thicknesses and the reflectivity image of the test media is reconstructed by using the proposed scheme. Finally, the reflectivity images of various dielectric samples (Teflon, Plexiglas, permanent magnet moving coil) along with the copper sheet placed on a piece of cardboard are reconstructed by using the proposed setup. The images obtained for each case are plotted and compared with the actual objects, and a close match is observed which shows the applicability of the proposed scheme for through‐wall imaging and the detection of concealed objects.
A method to predict magnetopause expansion in radial IMF events by MHD simulations
Authors: Samsonov A. A. , Sibeck D. G. , Šafránková J. , Němeček Z. , Shue J.‐H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a method for taking into account changes of solar wind parameters in the foreshock using global MHD simulations. We simulate four events with very distant subsolar magnetopause crossings that occurred during quasi‐radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) intervals lasting from one to several hours. Using previous statistical results, we suggest that the density and velocity in the foreshock cavity decrease to ∼60% and ∼94% of the ambient solar wind values when the IMF cone angle falls below 50°. This diminishes the solar wind dynamic pressure to 53% and causes a corresponding magnetospheric expansion. We change the upstream solar wind parameters in a global MHD model to take these foreshock effects into account. We demonstrate that the modified model predicts magnetopause distances during radial IMF intervals close to those observed by THEMIS. The strong total pressure decrease in the data seems to be a local, rather than a global, phenomenon. Although the simulations with decreased solar wind pressure generally reproduce the observed total pressure in the magnetosheath well, the total pressure in the magnetosphere often agrees better with results for nonmodified boundary conditions. The last result reveals a limitation of our method: we changed the boundary conditions along the whole inflow boundary, although a more correct approach would be to vary parameters only in the foreshock. A model with the suggested global modification of the boundary conditions better predicts the location of part of the magnetopause behind the foreshock but may fail in predicting the rest of the magnetopause.
Water vapor estimation using digital terrestrial broadcasting waves
Authors: Kawamura S. , Ohta H. , Hanado H. , Yamamoto M. K. , Shiga N. , Kido K. , Yasuda S. , Goto T. , Ichikawa R. , Amagai J. , Imamura K. , Fujieda M. , Iwai H. , Sugitani S. , Iguchi T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA method of estimating water vapor (propagation delay due to water vapor) using digital terrestrial broadcasting waves is proposed. Our target is to improve the accuracy of numerical weather forecast for severe weather phenomena such as localized heavy rainstorms in urban areas through data assimilation. In this method, we estimate water vapor near a ground surface from the propagation delay of digital terrestrial broadcasting waves. A real‐time delay measurement system with a software‐defined radio technique is developed and tested. The data obtained using digital terrestrial broadcasting waves show good agreement with those obtained by ground‐based meteorological observation. The main features of this observation are, no need for transmitters (receiving only), applicable wherever digital terrestrial broadcasting is available and its high time resolution. This study shows a possibility to estimate water vapor using digital terrestrial broadcasting waves. In the future, we will investigate the impact of these data toward numerical weather forecast through data assimilation. Developing a system that monitors water vapor near the ground surface with time and space resolutions of 30 s and several kilometers would improve the accuracy of the numerical weather forecast of localized severe weather phenomena.
Surviving High‐Temperature Calcination: ZrO2‐Induced Hematite Nanotubes for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Li Chengcheng , Li Ang , Luo Zhibin , Zhang Jijie , Chang Xiaoxia , Huang Zhiqi , Wang Tuo , Gong Jinlong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNanotubular Fe2O3 is a promising photoanode material, and producing morphologies that withstand high‐temperature calcination (HTC) is urgently needed to enhance the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. This work describes the design and fabrication of Fe2O3 nanotube arrays that survive HTC for the first time. By introducing a ZrO2 shell on hydrothermal FeOOH nanorods by atomic layer deposition, subsequent high‐temperature solid‐state reaction converts FeOOH‐ZrO2 nanorods to ZrO2‐induced Fe2O3 nanotubes (Zr‐Fe2O3 NTs). The structural evolution of the hematite nanotubes is systematically explored. As a result of the nanostructuring and shortened charge collection distance, the nanotube photoanode shows a greatly improved PEC water oxidation activity, exhibiting a photocurrent density of 1.5 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), which is the highest among hematite nanotube photoanodes without co‐catalysts. Furthermore, a Co‐Pi decorated Zr‐Fe2O3 NT photoanode reveals an enhanced onset potential of 0.65 V (vs. RHE) and a photocurrent of 1.87 mA cm−2 (at 1.23 V vs. RHE).
Positional Enrichment by Proton Analysis (PEPA): A One‐Dimensional 1H‐NMR Approach for 13C Stable Isotope Tracer Studies in Metabolomics
Authors: Vinaixa Maria , Rodríguez Miguel A. , Aivio Suvi , Capellades Jordi , Gómez Josep , Canyellas Nicolau , Stracker Travis H. , Yanes Oscar 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA novel metabolomics approach for NMR‐based stable isotope tracer studies called PEPA is presented, and its performance validated using human cancer cells. PEPA detects the position of carbon label in isotopically enriched metabolites and quantifies fractional enrichment by indirect determination of 13C‐satellite peaks using 1D‐1H‐NMR spectra. In comparison with 13C‐NMR, TOCSY and HSQC, PEPA improves sensitivity, accelerates the elucidation of 13C positions in labeled metabolites and the quantification of the percentage of stable isotope enrichment. Altogether, PEPA provides a novel framework for extending the high‐throughput of 1H‐NMR metabolic profiling to stable isotope tracing in metabolomics, facilitating and complementing the information derived from 2D‐NMR experiments and expanding the range of isotopically enriched metabolites detected in cellular extracts.
Stable pure‐blue emission of poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) via suppression of the green emission
Authors: Chen Yuehua , You Xuemeng , Zhang Xinwen , Zhang Xiaolin , Liu Bin , Lai Wenyong , Huang Wei 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTStable pure‐blue electroluminescence (EL) is obtained from polymer light‐emitting devices by dispersing poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO) into a wide band‐gap mixed‐matrix of poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK):2‐(4‐biphenylyl)‐5‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (PBD). From the EL spectra of the PFO‐doped films, we find that the additional green emission observed in the EL spectra of the pure PFO devices was significantly suppressed in the PFO‐doped devices. The spectral stability was also improved through evaluating the EL spectra of the PFO‐doped films annealed at different temperatures (from 80 to 150 °C). These results demonstrate that doping of PFO into a matrix to weaken the aggregate and oxidation of the PFO molecules is a simple strategy to suppress the green emission. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44950.
The Palatal Interpterygoid Vacuities of Temnospondyls and the Implications for the Associated Eye‐ and Jaw Musculature
Authors: Witzmann Florian , Werneburg Ingmar 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTA diagnostic feature of temnospondyls is the presence of an open palate with large interpterygoid vacuities, unlike the closed palate of most other early tetrapods, in which the vacuities are either slit‐like or completely absent. Attachment sites on neurocranium and palatal bones in temnospondyls allow the reconstruction of a powerful m. retractor bulbi and a large, sheet‐like m. levator bulbi that formed the elastic floor of the orbit. This muscle arrangement indicates that temnospondyls were able to retract the eyeballs through the interpterygoid vacuities into the buccal cavity, like extant frogs and salamanders. In contrast, attachment sites on palate and neurocranium suggest a rather sauropsid‐like arrangement of these muscles in stem‐tetrapods and stem‐amniotes. However, the anteriorly enlarged, huge interpterygoid vacuities of long‐snouted stereospondyls suggest that eye retraction was not the only function of the vacuities here, since the eye‐muscles filled only the posterior part of the vacuities. We propose an association of the vacuities in temnospondyls with a long, preorbital part of the m. adductor mandibulae internus (AMIa). The trochlea‐like, anterior edge of the adductor chamber suggests that a tendon of the AMIa was redirected in an anteromedial direction in the preorbital skull and dorsal to the pterygoids. This tendon then unfolded into a wide aponeurosis bearing the flattened AMIa that filled almost the complete interpterygoid vacuities anterior to the orbits. Our muscle reconstructions permit comprehensive insights to the comparative soft tissue anatomy of early tetrapods and provide the basis for a biomechanic analysis of biting performances in the future. Anat Rec, 300:1240–1269, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Sequential Algebraic Parametric Identification Approach for Nonlinear Vibrating Mechanical Systems
Authors: Beltran‐Carbajal F. , Silva‐Navarro G. , Trujillo‐Franco L. G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA systematic on‐line algebraic parametric identification method in time domain is proposed for active vibration control on nonlinear vibrating mechanical systems. The identification is performed iteratively, to reduce the computational effort of the parameter estimation process, for finite or infinite dimensional large flexible structures into an interest bandwidth. Position signals are only required to algebraically and quickly estimate the parameters of multiple degrees‐of‐freedom nonlinear vibrating mechanical systems. Then, an adaptive‐like output feedback tracking dynamic control scheme is introduced to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the closed‐loop parameter estimation algorithms. Some simulation results are included to provide evidence of the efficient dynamic performance of the proposed parametric identification approach combined with asymptotic trajectory tracking control.
Characteristics of peat humification, magnetic susceptibility and trace elements of Hani peatland, northeastern China: paleoclimatic implications
Authors: Xiao He , Cheng Shenggao , Mao Xumei , Huang Ting , Hu Zhongxia , Zhou Ying , Liu Xiaotong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA high‐resolution peat humification record is obtained from Hani peatland, northeastern China to study climate change. An absorbance value time series from alkali‐extraction is used as a peat humification indicator. In addition, Hani peat magnetic susceptibility and trace elements have also been investigated. There is a sensitive response to abrupt climate changes when comparing a high‐resolution peat humification record with a Hani δ18O temperature proxy record and a drift ice record from the North Atlantic Ocean. Based on analyses of factors that affect peat decomposition, we suggest similar paleoclimate significance between the Hani and Dajiuhu peat on the degree of humification with a higher peat humification indicating colder and drier climate conditions. In contrast, a warm and moist climate provides a deoxidized condition that results in lower peat humification. Moreover, the Rb/Sr ratios and χlf in Hani peatland also indicate different climate conditions, especially in late Holocene. According to the Hani peat data, regional paleoclimate variations can be divided into the following five phases: 11.5–10.0 cal. kyr BP with warm climate conditions; 10.0–8.8 cal. kyr BP with sharply cooling and warming climate conditions; 8.8–4.8 cal. kyr BP with alternating cooling and warming climate conditions; 4.8–1.6 cal. kyr BP with warm climate conditions overall and 1.6–0 cal. kyr BP with cold climate conditions.
Planung und Errichtung eines Tanklagers mit Anforderungen gemäß Wasserhaushaltsgesetz
Authors: Glowienka Simon , Meyer Julian , González Rosa Maria Alberich 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBei der Planung und Ausführung von Anlagen, in denen wassergefährdende Stoffe gelagert werden (sog. L‐Anlagen), müssen nach § 62 Absatz 1 des Wasserhaushaltsgesetzes [1] Maßnahmen zur primären und sekundären Sicherheit getroffen und die Standsicherheit, aber auch die Dichtigkeit nachgewiesen werden. Planung und Umsetzung sollen beispielhaft für ein Projekt der chemischen Industrie an einem deutschen Standort aufgezeigt werden.HOCHTIEF wurde im Rahmen eines Design‐and‐Build‐Projekts mit der Bauplanung und Bauausführung eines Tanklagers beauftragt. Der Auftrag umfasste im Wesentlichen die Errichtung von drei Tanktassen, die im Havariefall als sekundäre Barriere dienen. Eine Tanktasse wurde dabei in Form einer Edelstahlwanne ausgebildet und die zweite als Stahlbetoncontainment mit innen liegender Beschichtung. Das dritte Containment wurde als Betonkonstruktion mit Dichtigkeitsnachweis nach DAfStb‐Richtlinie [2] geplant und ausgeführt, wobei die Ringwand horizontal vorgespannt war. Der Artikel geht auf die Besonderheiten in der Planung und bei der Bauausführung ein.
Mobi‐Space – ein modulares, wiederverwendbares Bausystem aus Holz
Authors: Winter Stefan , Jacob‐Freitag Susanne , Köhler Claudia 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDas Bausystem Mobi‐Space wurde zunächst als Mobi‐Sku:l entwickelt, um während Grundsanierungen von Schulen den Gemeinden einen ansprechenden Ersatzbau mit hohen energetischen und räumlichen Qualitäten anzubieten. Die wesentlichen Anforderungen an das System sind schnelle Errichtung, gute Demontier‐ und Wiederverwendbarkeit, ein energetischer Standard der Hülle oberhalb des EnEV‐Niveaus und in den bis zu dreigeschossigen Gebäuden ein den regulatorischen Anforderungen entsprechender Schall‐ und Brandschutz. Das System besteht aus 54 m2 großen Raummodulen, die überwiegend aus hoch vorgefertigten Holztafelelementen bestehen. Eine besondere Herausforderung stellt mit Blick auf eine mehrfache Montage und Demontage die Sicherstellung der horizontalen Lastabtragung und räumlichen Aussteifung dar. Dazu wurden zum Teil Steckverbindungen und Verspannungen, ergänzt durch lösbare Verschraubungen, verwendet. Temporäre Gründungen ergänzen das Gesamtkonzept.Durch die modulare Konzeption können die Erschließungskonzepte den jeweiligen örtlichen Randbedingungen angepasst werden. Die Strom‐ und Medienversorgung erfolgt über Steckverbindungen von Modul zu Modul.Das Bausystem wurde bisher nicht nur als temporärer Schulersatzbau, sondern auch als Mobi‐Office, z. B. an der TU Darmstadt, umgesetzt. Insgesamt wurden bisher 25 Projekte realisiert, drei davon bereits demontiert und neu aufgebaut. Das Mobi‐Space‐Konzept zeigt, wie modulares, industrielles Bauen mit hoher architektonischer Qualität realisiert werden kann.
Maria Sibylla Merian (1647–1717)
Authors: Kutschera Ulrich 
Published: February 2017

ZusammenfassungMaria Sibylla Merian (1647–1717) erlangte als Insekten‐ und Blumen‐Malerin zu Lebzeiten europaweit Ruhm, obwohl sie als geschiedene, alleinerziehende Mutter in einer von Männern dominierten Welt mit Vorurteilen konfrontiert war. In diesem Beitrag werden Leben und Werk dieser in Frankfurt/Main geborenen Entomologin basierend auf einer Analyse ihrer Fachbücher im Zusammenhang mit den Leistungen von Darwin, Wallace, Haeckel und Weismann vorgestellt. Merian hat an 186 Insekten‐ und einigen Amphibien‐Arten den gesamten Lebenszyklus dokumentiert beziehungsweise gezeichnet, und damit die Aristoteles'sche Urzeugungs‐Hypothese wiederlegt. Da Merian erstmals Tier‐Pflanzen‐Interaktionen studiert hat, sollten wir sie zum 300. Todestag (13.01.2017) als Pionierin der Entwicklungsbiologie und Ökologie würdigen.
Bionik der Flugfeder
Authors: Eder Heinrich , Fiedler Wolfgang 
Published: February 2017

ZusammenfassungÜber Land segelnde Großvögel sind auf einen möglichst kostengünstigen Streckenflug angewiesen. Der bis über 8000 km lange Zug osteuropäischer Weißstörche in südafrikanische Wintergebiete oder die riesige Flächen abdeckenden Nahrungssuchflüge von Geiern sind nur dank optimierter Segelflugeigenschaften der Vögel physiologisch zu bewältigen. Die hier dargestellten Mechanismen zur Erhöhung des Auftriebs und zur Reduzierung unerwünschter Reibungs‐ und Wirbelwiderstände zeigen, dass diese Anpassungen bis in den mikrostrukturellen Bereich der Schwungfedern hinein realisiert sind. Im Einzelnen sind hier zu nennen: die strömungsdurchlässigen Strukturen entlang des Federschaftes, die strömungsadaptive Wölbung des Federprofiles und die Formgebung der Federspitze. Diese Mechanismen dienen insgesamt einer deutlichen Widerstandsreduzierung, die wiederum Voraussetzung für die erfolgreiche Entwicklung der Schwungfederkaskade war. Sie finden sich in übertragener Form häufig auch bei technischen Flugkörpern wieder.
Nachrichten des Verbandes Biologie, Biowissenschaften & Biomedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Dietz Karl‐Josef 
Published: February 2017

Wissenschaft & Gesellschaft:Statement zum GentechnikgesetzNovelle NaturschutzgesetzVBIO Arbeitskreise:AK BTAAK BiomedizinLandesverbände:Baden‐WürttembergNRW
Studies of the Binding of Modest Modulators of the Human Enzyme, Sirtuin 6, by STD NMR
Authors: Bolívar Beatriz E. , Welch John T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPyrazinamide (PZA), an essential constituent of short‐course tuberculosis chemotherapy, binds weakly but selectively to Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6). Despite the structural similarities between nicotinamide (NAM), PZA, and pyrazinoic acid (POA), these inhibitors modulate SIRT6 by different mechanisms and through different binding sites, as suggested by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR. Available experimental evidence, such as that derived from crystal structures and kinetic experiments, has been of only limited utility in elucidation of the mechanistic details of sirtuin inhibition by NAM or other inhibitors. For instance, crystallographic structural analysis of sirtuin binding sites does not help us understand important differences in binding affinities among sirtuins or capture details of such dynamic process. Hence, STD NMR was utilized throughout this study. Our results not only agreed with the binding kinetics experiments but also gave a qualitative insight into the binding process. The data presented herein suggested some details about the geometry of the binding epitopes of the ligands in solution with the apo‐ and holoenzyme. Recognition that SIRT6 is affected selectively by PZA, an established clinical agent, suggests that the rational development of more potent and selective NAM surrogates might be possible. These derivatives might be accessible by employing the malleability of this scaffold to assist in the identification by STD NMR of the motifs that interact with the apo‐ and holoenzymes in solution.
Bivalirudin versus heparin for peripheral vascular intervention: You get what you pay for…
Authors: Kimmelstiel Carey , Deliargyris Efthymios N. 
Published: February 2017

Key Points

There are no randomized trials comparing bivalirudin with heparin in patients undergoing peripheral vascular intervention.
Retrospective analyses suggest that bivalirudin treatment during peripheral vascular intervention is associated with less bleeding and a reduction in major adverse clinical events.
Despite a higher acquisition cost compared with heparin, bivalirudin may actually provide more value and possibly reduce the total cost of care associated with peripheral interventions.
Significant leak after TAVR: A plug is an option
Authors: Yadav Pradeep K. , Gilchrist Ian C. 
Published: February 2017

Key Points

Paravalvular leak (PVL) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is not as frequent or severe with the evolution of the procedure.
Significant PVL increases mortality and heart failure related hospitalization.
While the data is limited, closure of the PVL with vascular plugs in anatomically suitable patients seems to have favorable outcomes.
Gender inequalities in transcatheter aortic valve replacement: The jury is still out
Authors: Condado Jose F. , Block Peter C. 
Published: February 2017

Key Points

The Brazilian data support previous papers on mortality after TAVR.
Women probably have higher risk short‐term after TAVR, but less risk later.
Mechanisms for better long‐term outcomes might be due to more reversal of myocardial hypertrophy in women after TAVR.