bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Market power and bargaining in agrifood markets: A review of emerging topics and tools
Authors: Bonanno Alessandro , Russo Carlo , Menapace Luisa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecent developments in modern agri‐food markets have called into question the predictive capability of the traditional models and tools used by agricultural economists to assess and measure market power. As a result, agricultural economists are on a quest for novel methods and approaches that surpass the traditional market power construct. In this article, we present an essential overview of the evolution of the literature concerning power relationships in agrifood value chains. The goal of this review is to emphasize recent conceptual and empirical approaches, as well as highlight topics of interest that are likely to shape the direction of future analyses of market power and bargaining in the agrifood sector. [EconLit citations: L1, L2, L3, Q13, Q18].
Bacteriophage effectively kills multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from chronic rhinosinusitis patients
Authors: Zhang Guimin , Zhao Yin , Paramasivan Sathish , Richter Katharina , Morales Sandra , Wormald Peter‐John , Vreugde Sarah 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundBacteriophage (phage) therapy has been proposed as an alternative to antibiotics. Phages have been shown to kill antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains; however, it is unknown whether stress‐induced antibiotic tolerance affects S. aureus susceptibility to phages. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of 2 phages currently in clinical development, against antibiotic‐resistant and induced antibiotic‐tolerant clinical S. aureus isolates.MethodsAntibiotic tolerant S. aureus strains were induced by incubation with increasing concentrations of gentamicin, mupirocin, and ciprofloxacin over time and their susceptibility to 2 clinically relevant phages (Sa83 and Sa87) was assessed. In addition, phage susceptibility was tested in relation to the antibiotic sensitivity of 65 clinical S. aureus isolates, harvested from the sinonasal cavities of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. Phage sensitivity was assessed using a plaque spot assay and by measuring optical density values to observe planktonic S. aureus growth in the presence of the phage. Alamar Blue assays were used to assess biofilm viability after phage treatment.ResultsFrequency of antibiotic resistance amongst clinical S. aureus isolates was 90.7% (59/65) with 13 of 65 (20.0%) identified as multidrug‐resistant. Tolerance to gentamicin, mupirocin, and ciprofloxacin was rapidly induced by incubation with increasing concentrations of respective antibiotics. There was no significant difference in phage sensitivity between antibiotic‐sensitive and resistant/tolerant S. aureus clinical isolates in planktonic and biofilm form.ConclusionClinical S. aureus isolates from CRS patients have a high (20%) incidence of multidrug resistance. Antibiotic resistance or tolerance did not affect phage susceptibility of those isolates.
Bis(perchlorocatecholato)silan – eine neutrale Silicium‐Lewis‐Supersäure
Authors: Maskey Rezisha , Schädler Marcel , Legler Claudia , Greb Lutz 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBisher sind noch keine neutralen Silicium‐Lewis‐Supersäuren bekannt. Wir berichten hier über die Synthese des Bis(perchlorocatecholato)silans und bestätigen dessen Lewis‐Superazidität durch Berechnungen (DLPNO‐CCSD(T)) und Experimente (Fluoridabstraktion von SbF6−). Die herausragende Affinität gegenüber Donoren wurde ferner durch die Charakterisierung eines bisher unbekannten SiO4F2‐Dianions demonstriert und in der ersten Hydrodefluorierungsreaktion katalysiert durch eine neutrale Silicium‐Lewis‐Säure angewendet. Angesichts der Stärke und dem leichten Zugang zu dieser neuen Lewis‐Säure sind vielfältige Anwendungen vorhersehbar.
Synthesis of α‐Chiral Ketones and Chiral Alkanes Using Radical Polar Crossover Reactions of Vinyl Boron Ate Complexes
Authors: Gerleve Carolin , Kischkewitz Marvin , Studer Armido 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVinyl boron ate complexes of enantioenriched secondary alkyl pinacolboronic esters undergo stereospecific radical‐induced 1,2‐migration in radical polar crossover reactions. In this three‐component process various commercially available alkyl iodides act as radical precursors and light is used for chain initiation. Subsequent oxidation and protodeborylation leads to valuable α‐chiral ketones and chiral alkanes, respectively, with excellent enantiopurity.
Ionic liquid mediated surface micropatterning of polymer blends
Authors: Lasseuguette Elsa , McClements Jake , Koutsos Vasileios , Schäfer Thomas , Ferrari Maria‐Chiara 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTA polymer of intrinsic porosity (i.e., PIM‐1) has been blended with different ionic liquids (ILs) in order to evaluate the effect of the ILs on the microstructure of the polymer blend. [C8MIM][Cl], [BMIM][DCa], [BMPyr][DCa], and [BMIM][Tf2N] have been selected and were mixed with PIM‐1. Polymer blends containing up to 80 wt % of ILs were prepared by a casting method with chloroform as solvent. SEM images show that during the film formation a structuring of the surface appears depending on the nature and the concentration of ILs, with appearance of well‐defined microstructure in the case of [BMIM][Tf2N] and [BMIM][DCa]. In the case of [BMIM][Tf2N]/PIM‐1 film, the lower IL concentration induces the denser film with small micropatterns onto the surface. AFM analysis indicates that the ILs are well dispersed on the surface. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurements show that a gradient of IL concentration is observed across the film thickness. It is demonstrated that ILs are versatile co‐solvents for inducing controlled micropatterns in polymer membrane surfaces. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46109.
Planning for dynamic process: An assemblage‐level surrogate strategy for species seasonal movement pathways
Authors: Welch Heather , McHenry Jennifer 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSeasonally mobile species are globally prevalent and often provide vital ecosystem functions and services along their seasonal movement pathways. However, owing to the challenges of planning for features that are spatially and temporally variable, mobile species are rarely accounted for in conservation planning. To protect this dynamic process, planners need a temporally explicit surrogate for species seasonal movement pathways. Because reserve networks typically aim to represent the full spectrum of biodiversity, these surrogates also need to capture the assemblage‐level organization of species in order to preserve the full range of seasonal movement pathways that occur within a given planning region.To this end, this study introduces a new assemblage‐level surrogate strategy for species seasonal movements that preserves variation in biodiversity across the 12 months. Two monthly, assemblage‐level attributes were integrated: discrete species assemblages and continuous assemblage suitability, thereby allowing planners to select complementary combinations of sites that achieve comprehensive assemblage coverage in each month.As a marine case‐study, this strategy was applied to the US Mid‐Atlantic, and a gap analysis was used to evaluate the ability of the Mid‐Atlantic's current spatial management scheme to accommodate species' seasonal movements.The results indicate that current protected areas in the Mid‐Atlantic will be unable to meet even modest quantitative objectives for protecting seasonal movements, and priority conservation areas are identified for designing a reserve network that offers year‐round protection.Planning for processes remains a significant gap in conservation planning, and this study seeks to address this gap by proposing a surrogate strategy that will aid the incorporation of a widespread dynamic process into reserve design. This strategy uses public, predominantly global datasets that have terrestrial and marine counterparts, making it applicable to planning for species seasonal movements both on land and at sea.
Riparian restoration offsets predicted population consequences of climate warming in a threatened headwater fish
Authors: Turschwell Mischa P. , Stewart‐Koster Ben , Leigh Catherine , Peterson Erin E. , Sheldon Fran , Balcombe Stephen R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Freshwater ecosystems and their associated biota are under increasing threats from multiple stressors including climate and land‐use change. The conservation of these ecosystems must be based on an integration of data including species physiological tolerances, the biotic and abiotic drivers of the distribution of populations, and demographic processes, to provide the comprehensive ecological information necessary for management.
This study used a Bayesian belief network (BBN) to synthesize research on northern river blackfish, a threatened species in the upper Condamine River, Australia, into a probabilistic framework capable of predicting the complex relationships that exist between environmental conditions and population success. This study tested how predicted air temperature scenarios for the years 2050 and 2080, and catchment restoration scenarios, would be expected to affect three indices of population success: adult abundance, juvenile abundance, and juvenile recruitment.
Compared with current climatic conditions, climate warming scenarios reduced the probability of future population success by between 0.4% and 1.6%. These shifts were almost completely offset, and even improved, when riparian zones were restored at the catchment scale, where changes ranged from an overall decrease of 0.2% to an increase of 1%. To achieve the highest probability of population success, the impacts of warming stream temperatures and the degradation of riparian zones must be mitigated. However, the model showed that there is still a possibility of complete population failure under a wide range of conditions, even when conditions appear to be suitable.
To maximize the future population success of river blackfish we recommend targeting the restoration of hydrologically active catchment areas where grazing strongly influences stream biota. The use of a BBN allowed the combination of multiple sources of information to solve complex ecological problems, including how multiple stressors may affect threatened freshwater species.
Silicon‐containing analogs of camptothecin as anticancer agents
Authors: Lazareva Nataliya F. , Baryshok Viktor P. , Lazarev Igor M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe plant pentacyclic alkaloid camptothecin and its structural analogs were extensively studied. These compounds are interesting due to the antitumor activity associated with their ability to inhibit topoisomerase I in tumor cells. During the last decades of the 20th century, a large number of the silicon‐containing camptothecins (silatecans) were synthesized. 7‐tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl‐10‐hydroxy‐camptothecin (DB‐67 or AR‐67) has enhanced lipophilicity and demonstrates a antitumor activity superior to its carbon analog. To date, certain silatecans are under clinical trials and their ultimate role in cancer therapy appears promising. In this review, we present chemical methodologies for the synthesis of silicon‐containing camptothecins, their chemical properties, biological activity, and results of clinical trials.
Highlights on the Road towards Highly Emitting Solid‐State Luminophores: Two Classes of Thiazole‐Based Organoboron Fluorophores with the AIEE/AIE Effect
Authors: Lugovik Kseniya I. , Eltyshev Alexander K. , Suntsova Polina O. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Benassi Enrico , Belskaya Nataliya P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDeveloping a novel, small‐sized molecular building block that may be capable of emitting light in the solid state is a challenging task and has rarely been reported in the literature. BF2‐containing dyes seem to be promising candidates towards this aim. Two series of new N^NBF2complexes showing aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) were designed and synthesized by means of a new protocol, which improved on the traditional method by employing microwave irradiation. The optical and photophysical properties of the BF2complexes were investigated in depth. The synthesized complexes showed fluorescence in both solution and the solid state and, in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran/water, may aggregate into fluorescent nanoparticles. The experimental investigation was supported by quantum mechanical calculations. Their availability, stability, large Stokes shifts, and aggregation capabilities, along with their solid‐state emission capability, render this new class of BF2complexes promising AIEE/AIE fluorophores for further applications in the fields of fluorescence imaging and materials science.
Fabrication and evaluation of 3D printed BCP scaffolds reinforced with ZrO2 for bone tissue applications
Authors: Sa Min‐Woo , Nguyen Bao‐Ngoc B. , Moriarty Rebecca A. , Kamalitdinov Timur , Fisher John P. , Kim Jong Young 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFused deposition modeling (FDM) is a promising 3D printing and manufacturing step to create well interconnected porous scaffold designs from the computer‐aided design (CAD) models for the next generation of bone scaffolds. The purpose of this study was to fabricate and evaluate a new biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffold reinforced with zirconia (ZrO2) by a FDM system for bone tissue engineering. The 3D slurry foams with blending agents were successfully fabricated by a FDM system. Blending materials were then removed after the sintering process at high temperature to obtain a targeted BCP/ZrO2 scaffold with the desired pore characteristics, porosity, and dimension. Morphology of the sintered scaffold was investigated with SEM/EDS mapping. A cell proliferation test was carried out and evaluated with osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells. Mechanical testing and cell proliferation evaluation demonstrated that 90% BCP and 10% ZrO2 scaffold had a significant effect on the mechanical properties maintaining a structure compared that of only 100% BCP with no ZrO2. Additionally, differentiation studies of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on BCP/ZrO2 scaffolds in static and dynamic culture conditions showed increased expression of bone morphogenic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) when cultured on BCP/ZrO2 scaffolds under dynamic conditions compared to on BCP control scaffolds. The manufacturing of BCP/ZrO2 scaffolds through this innovative technique of a FDM may provide applications for various types of tissue regeneration, including bone and cartilage.
The issue of HPLC determination of endogenous lipoic acid in human plasma
Authors: Sechovcová Soňa , Královcová Pavla , Kanďár Roman , Ventura Karel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLipoic acid (LA) is used extensively as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of various diseases. Many methods have been reported for the determination of LA plasma levels and its metabolites after its supplementation, but available information concerning endogenous plasma levels is still scarce. Studies which directly focused on determining the endogenous plasma levels provided highly controversial results, <4.9 nmol/L or 143.7–197.0 nmol/L. The main aim of this study was to verify the levels of free LA in the plasma of 40 individuals (17 women, 23 men). This group was nonsupplemented with LA and met the conditions for incorporation into the blood donors register. We measured the levels of LA using an HPLC method with very sensitive coulometric detection after previous sample preparation including deproteination and solid‐phase extraction with a Phenyl cartridge. Our limit of detection was 1.85 nmol/L and was better than the values reported in studies that directly focused on determining the endogenous plasma levels of LA: 2.4 and 4.9 nmol/L respectively. However, the levels of free LA in the plasma of nonsupplemented voluntary blood donors were not detectable in all cases. The presented results of our study show that endogenous concentrations of LA are <1.85 nmol/L.
Conductive Porous Network of Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived Cobalt‐Nitrogen‐doped Carbon with the Assistance of Carbon Nanohorns as Electrocatalysts for Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jianshuo , Wu Chuxin , Huang Meihua , Zhao Yi , Li Jiaxin , Guan Lunhui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHerein, we report a new electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction derived from a bimetallic metal–organic framework and single‐walled carbon nanohorns. Owing to the 3D conductive network offered by the nanohorns, this type of catalyst exhibits comparable performance with the commercial 20 % Pt/C catalyst as well as excellent durability and methanol tolerance at the half‐cell test in an alkaline medium. Moreover, the new electrocatalyst shows higher peak power density (185 mW cm−2) than that of Pt/C (160 mW cm−2) in addition to a comparable stability in a real Zn–air battery test. A correlation between the value of the peak power densities and pore structures of some parallel samples is studied in detail.
Ru‐Catalyzed Completely Deoxygenative Coupling of 2‐Arylethanols through Base‐Induced Net Decarbonylation
Authors: Manojveer Seetharaman , Forrest Sebastian J. K. , Johnson Magnus T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSubstituted arylethanols can be coupled by using a readily available Ru catalyst in a fully deoxygenative manner to produce hydrocarbon chains in one step. Control experiments indicate that the first deoxygenation occurs through an aldol condensation, whereas the second occurs through a base‐induced net decarbonylation. This double deoxygenation enables further development in the use of alcohols as versatile and green alkylating reagents, as well as in other fields, such as deoxygenation and upgrading of overfunctionalized biomass to produce hydrocarbons.
DNAzyme Feedback Amplification: Relaying Molecular Recognition to Exponential DNA Amplification
Authors: Liu Meng , Yin Qingxin , McConnell Erin M. , Chang Yangyang , Brennan John D. , Li Yingfu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTechnologies capable of linking DNA amplification to molecular recognition are very desirable for ultrasensitive biosensing applications. We have developed a simple but powerful isothermal DNA amplification method, termed DNAzyme feedback amplification (DFA), that is capable of relaying molecular recognition to exponential DNA amplification. The method incorporates both an RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme (RCD) and rolling circle amplification (RCA) carried out by a special DNA polymerase using a circular DNA template. DFA begins with a stimulus‐dependent RCA reaction, producing tandemly linked RCDs in long‐chain DNA products. These RCDs cleave an RNA‐containing DNA sequence to form additional primers that hybridize to the circular DNA molecule, giving rise to DNA assemblies that act as the new inputs for RCA. The RCA reaction and the cleavage event keep on feeding each other autonomously, resulting in exponential growth of repetitive DNA sequences that can be easily detected. This method can be used for the detection of both nucleic acid based targets and non‐nucleic acid analytes. In this article, we discuss the conceptual framework of the feedback amplification approach, the essential features of this method as well as remaining challenges and possible solutions.
Experimental evaluation and theoretical prediction of CO2 & CH4 permeation in PSF/PDMS composite membrane under the influence of membrane swelling
Authors: Suleman Malik Shoaib , Lau Kok Keong , Yeong Yin Fong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA PSF/PDMS composite membrane was developed by film casting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) over polysulphone (PSF) support. The CO2/CH4 separation performance of membranes was evaluated under dry and wet conditions to evaluate the influence of water swelling on the separation performance of the developed membrane. Gas permeance in developed pure and composite membranes was theoretically predicted considering the effect of swelling on gas permeation in the membrane. Swelling in the membrane was confirmed by comparing the cross‐sectional morphology of the developed membranes before and after wet tests. Water swelling in the membrane affected the separation performance of PSF, and CO2 permeance decreased from 48.79 to 2.37 GPU at 1000 kPa. However, the PSF/PDMS composite membrane resisted the effect of water swelling, and CO2 permeance increased from 39.9 to 40.87 GPU at 1000 kPa. CO2 and CH4 permeation were fitted with the dual mode model to predict the permeation in developed membranes theoretically. Permeation under wet feed conditions was not well‐explained by the existing dual mode model. Thus, a modified dual mode model was presented with the best prediction of gas permeation under the effect of water swelling in the membrane.
On the Discrimination of Models for the Viscometric Properties of Myristic, Palmitic and Stearic Acids and Their Binary Mixtures
Authors: Esteban Jesús , Bakalis Serafim , Duckitt Claire , Tantawy Hossam , Fryer Peter J. 
Published: December 2017

Fatty acids have a great importance in several industrial activities like the manufacture of ingredients for foods, paints, soap, detergents and a wide array of other products in the fast moving consumer goods industry. Processing of fatty acids requires a good knowledge of transport properties, such as viscosity. This work presents a compilation of experimental values of the viscosity of three long‐chain saturated fatty acids, namely: myristic, palmitic and stearic acid. First, a study of the dependence of the viscosity of these fatty acids with temperature is presented comparing results with previously existing data in literature and validating data and models statistically. Then, a thorough analysis of the viscosity of binary mixtures of the aforementioned fatty acids was conducted. To do so, such property was measured over the entire range of compositions in increments of the molar fraction of the components of 0.1 at temperatures ranging from above the melting points of the fatty acids to 373.15 K and correlation with respect to composition and temperature with the Jouyban–Acree model. Last, the so‐called viscosity deviations were computed and correlated with Redlich–Kister equations to explain the variation as a function of the molar composition of the corresponding mixture. Discrimination of different models to correlate the experimental data was made on the basis of different statistical criteria.Practical Application: Good knowledge of transport properties such as viscosity is important to understand the physics and processing of materials. Contrary to simply using a viscometer, here cone and plate rheometry is used to accurately determine the viscosity of myristic, palmitic and stearic acids and their binary mixtures, which have high melting points compared to other liquids. In addition, the presentation of statistical discrimination tools like information criteria is highly relevant to understand the goodness of fit of models and the selection of the most statistically relevant equations without using more parameters than strictly necessary.The viscosities of pure myristic, palmitic and stearic acids as well as their binary mixtures are determined and a discrimination of models is performed to understand the most appropriate number of parameters to describe the behaviour.