bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinforced concrete structures under hard projectile impact: penetration and perforation resistance
Authors: Distler Pascal , Heibges Lars , Sadegh‐Azar Hamid 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReinforced concrete (RC) structures are mainly designed to withstand both static and dynamic loads. However, due to the highly nonlinear behavior of RC structures subjected to extreme dynamic loads, these structures have a very complex damage behavior under dynamic impact loading. In fact, current existing methods for damage‐simulation and prediction are generally based on either empirical data, simplified mechanical approaches or complex numerical simulations mainly using the finite element method. In this regard, empirical and semi‐empirical models can be considered to calculate the load‐bearing capacity in a simplified way with only a few input parameters. Hence, using current experimental test data, this paper aims to analyze and assess existing empirical and semi‐analytical approaches that are established in standards and guidelines. Accordingly, a functional relationship in terms of an impact factor is found. Based on the obtained results, different approaches are also developed to describe the resistance to projectile penetration of RC structures as well as the force interaction between projectile and RC structures.
People who have more science education rely less on misinformation—Even if they do not necessarily follow the health recommendations
Authors: Rozenblum Yael , Dalyot Keren , Baram‐Tsabari Ayelet 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent research has highlighted the role of science education in reducing beliefs in science‐related misinformation and stressed its potential positive impact on decision‐making and behavior. This study implemented the Elaboration Likelihood Model to explore how individuals' abilities and motivation interact with the type of processing of scientific information in the peripheral vs. central persuasion routes. A representative sample of adults (N = 500) completed an online questionnaire during the second wave of COVID‐19 (November 2020) focused on two COVID‐19‐related dilemmas involving social distancing recommendations. First, we examined whether relying on misinformation was associated with participants' stances and the complexity of their arguments and found that relying on misinformation was associated with the intention to reject social distancing recommendations and with the use of simple arguments. Second, we explored how motivation, operationalized as personal relevance, and abilities, operationalized as the highest level of science education, science knowledge, and strategies to identify misinformation, were associated with viewpoints and justifications. We found that personal relevance was associated with the intention to reject the recommendations but also with more complex arguments, suggesting that people did not intend to reject scientific knowledge but rather tended to contextualize it. Abilities were not associated with stance but were positively correlated with argument complexity. Finally, we examined whether motivation and abilities are associated with relying on scientific misinformation when making science‐related decisions. Respondents with higher levels of science education and motivation relied less on misinformation, even if they did not necessarily intend to follow the health recommendations. This implies that motivation directs people to greater usage of the central processing route, resulting in more deliberative use of information. Science education, it appears, impacts the information evaluation decision‐making process more than its outcome.
Subchronic Chloroform Exposure Causes Intestinal Damage and Induces Gut Microbiota Disruption and Metabolic Dysregulation in Mice
Authors: Wang Zaishan , Xu Meng , Li Qiang , Lu Sihan , Liu Zhu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTChloroform is a prevalent toxic environmental pollutant in urban settings, posing risks to human health through exposure via various mediums such as air and tap water. The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining host health. However, there is a paucity of research elucidating the impact of chloroform exposure on the gut microbiota. In this investigation, 18 SPF Kunming female mice were stratified into three groups (n = 6) and subjected to oral gavage with chloroform doses equivalent to 0, 50, and 150 mg/kg of body weight over 30 days. Our findings demonstrate that subchronic chloroform exposure significantly perturbs hematological parameters in mice and induces histopathological alterations in cecal tissues, consequently engendering marked disparities in the functional composition of cecal microbiota and metabolic equilibrium of cecal contents. Ultimately, our investigation revealed a statistically robust correlation, exhibiting a high degree of significance, between the intestinal microbiome composition and the metabolites that were differentially expressed consequent to chloroform exposure.
Magnetic Action at a Distance: Fields, Gradients and Currents in Fluids
Authors: Butcher Tim A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA brief introduction to the main concepts that underpin the interaction of magnetic fields with fluids is given. The effect of the main magnetic force densities, the Kelvin force in a magnetic field gradient and the Lorentz force in magnetohydrodynamics is discussed. The focus lies on incompressible fluids that are enclosed by solid walls such as are prevalent in microfluidic systems. These are only influenced by rotational body forces.
Phenomenological Models of Magnetizable Fluids
Authors: Cēbers Andrejs 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBasic principles underlying the phenomenological description of magnetizable fluids are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the conservation laws for the energy of the magnetic field and the fluid medium, the momentum and the mass of the fluid medium. A particular choice of the electromagnetic energy flux and stress due to the magnetic field together with the Gibbs relation for the internal energy yields an unambiguous relation for the entropy production including the magnetic relaxation. The models derived enable description of the behavior of magnetic liquids under a broad variety of conditions.
Scaling and Flow Profiles in Magnetically Confined Liquid-In-Liquid Channels
Authors: Dev Arvind Arun , Sacarelli Florencia , Bagheri G. , Joseph Aleena , Oleshkevych Anna , Bodenschatz E. , Dunne Peter , Hermans Thomas , Doudin Bernard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFerrofluids kept in place by permanent magnet quadrupoles can act as liquid walls to surround a second non-magnetic liquid inside, resulting in a liquid fluidic channel with diameter ranging from mm down to less than 10 µm. Micro particle tracking velocimetry (µPTV) experiments and modeling show that near ideal plug flow is possible in such liquid-in-liquid channels due to the reduced friction at the walls. The measured fluid velocity profiles agree with the predictions of a hydrodynamic model of cylindrical symmetry with a minimal set of hypotheses. By introducing symmetry-breaking elements in the system, we show how unique velocity and flow properties can be obtained. Our liquid-in-liquid confinement opens new possibilities for < 10 µm-sized microfluidics with low pressures and low shear, with flow characteristics not attainable in comparable solid-wall devices.
What Is That Thing Called ‘Transdisciplinarity for Transformation’?
Authors: Regeer Barbara J. , Klaassen Pim , Broerse Jacqueline E. W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnprecedented challenges in the spheres of health, global justice, environmental degradation and climate change characterize our current era. This situation constitutes a call to all of humanity to respond. Arguably it comes with an even greater call to those in privileged positions, including academics. In other words, today’s complex problems call for societal transformation, and this in turn calls for not only new knowledge, but also new ways of producing knowledge and new ways of dealing with different knowledges—it calls for transdisciplinarity for transformation. This chapter sketches different ways of understanding multi-actor, reflexive responses to complex societal challenges, whether under the banner of transdisciplinarity or otherwise, and presents what we take Transdisciplinarity for Transformation to mean. Building upon learning questions of early career researchers, it presents the agenda for the three parts of the book: Design and Evaluation, Diversities and Inclusion, Roles and Competencies.
Reassembling the Scholar: A Conversation About Positionality in Transdisciplinary Processes
Authors: Gunn Callum , Hoffmann Sabine , Sager Morten , Wittmayer Julia , Zuiderent-Jerak Teun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTransdisciplinary research (TDR) is a framing of scientific practice in which collaboration on problems or issues of common interest is located outside disciplinary approaches, and is geared towards a transformation of the current situation towards something more desirable, albeit without necessarily knowing what that is. Any form of ‘transformation’ invariably has a normative component, and the same goes for positionality. A TDR context thus has much to do with both. The issue of positionality specifically in inter- and transdisciplinary research settings has become a more prominent object of study within these scholarly traditions. This contribution takes the positionality of the researcher as the departure point. The chapter is written as a conversation of the first author (CG), an early career researcher, with the co-authors (SH, MS, JW, TZJ), who are more experienced researchers from various fields of science and society working in inter- and transdisciplinary settings, using a dataset of ‘learning questions’ from a postgraduate training programme on TDR. These questions reflect on what researchers find important (often at the beginning of their career) in making sense of their own efforts in implementing this form of research practice.
Beyond Interdisciplinary Research: Transdisciplinarity and Transformative Literacy Through Artistic Thinking and Research
Authors: Stark Wolfgang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhile there is now more than enough scientific knowledge to make changes towards sustainability, responsible business and a just society, we are failing to change individual, collective and entrepreneurial mindsets. In other words, the dominant ways we organize our world, think and act, obtain knowledge and learn, are still based on rational-technical thinking that is promoting industrialized processes and a myth of everlasting growth and effectiveness. In this chapter, Wolfgang Stark argues that change and social transformation cannot be achieved only on the basis of rational choice and planning. A truly transdisciplinary and ‘transformative’ science needs to integrate natural science, social science and the arts (music, dance, theatre, visual arts) in order to affect individual and collective mindsets and ways of thinking for current and future leaders, decision makers and entrepreneurs. An experience-based and creative ‘knowledge and action base’ will be needed to reveal and teach the tacit knowing patterns we need to develop, in order to take the next steps towards sustainability.
Transdisciplinary Development of Quality Criteria for Transdisciplinary Research
Authors: Defila Rico , Di Giulio Antonietta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFunding structures and review processes are still considered as among the major barriers to transdisciplinary research. The search for convincing and satisfying avenues and guidelines for funding agencies and review panels is ongoing. The question of how to evaluate transdisciplinary research has been debated for some time, and it resulted in a considerable number of proposals and criteria. What is missing is a scholarly engagement with the evaluation practice. Knowing more about the actual dynamics of evaluation processes, about the challenges faced by those involved, and about what they perceive to be supportive could uncover promising (and evidence based) paths both for review processes and for future research. Three case studies in which we accompanied the evaluation of transdisciplinary research and in which we collaborated with funders, review panels, and research teams provide the empirical fundament of the chapter. The evaluation processes in all three cases are characterized by ‘well-meaning and well-informed actors’ (actors who value transdisciplinary research, are experienced in dealing with it, are aware of the specific requirements of such research). We present results about requirements for practicable criteria, about the interdisciplinary nature of the evaluation processes, and about the potential of adopting a transdisciplinary approach in evaluating transdisciplinary research.
Challenges for Inclusion and Diversities: Opening up and Closing Down in Collaborative Research and Practice
Authors: Klaassen Pim , Loeber Anne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA transdisciplinary approach serves the dual aim of delivering new knowledgeabouta situation at hand, and actually interactingwithand, hopefully, ameliorating that situation. This ‘action-orientation’ comes with many methodological and practical challenges as to the ‘how’ of transdisciplinary research, but also with a moral obligation to keenly look into the ‘who’-question: whose knowledge counts and comes to bear on dealing with a specific situation? As for those who are included, the question is how they can make their multiple identities come to bear on the issue at hand and how they can effectively use the room for maneuvering that their community of practiceor epistemic culture allows them, in contributing to the (transient) transdisciplinary collective. This chapter sets the stage for a close scrutiny of challenges and opportunities in the light of openness and ‘closures’ of knowledge co-production that the chapters collected together in Part 2 of this book deal with, offering a selection of empirical studies that illuminate pertinent conceptual and practical ways forward to inclusive and diverse forms of transdisciplinarity in a variety of contexts. The chapter gives an overview of lessons from the literature on what including diverse groups of actors in transdisciplinary work entails in practice, contemplates the questions of whom to include, when, under what conditions, and to what end, and looks into some of the challenges implied in answering these. The chapter concludes with introducing the empirical chapters collected in this second Part of the book for practical illustrations of how such challenges can be dealt with in practice.
Mobilität aus historisch-materialistischer Sicht: Analyseperspektiven und Konturen einer Forschungsagenda
Authors: Haas Tobias , Sander Hendrik 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungMobilität ist in der Forschung in historisch-materialistischer Tradition bisher ein eher randständiges Thema. Doch es gibt zahlreiche Anknüpfungspunkte zu verschiedenen Ansätzen und in jüngster Zeit wird in der marxistischen Theorietradition verstärkt das Zusammenspiel von sozialen und ökologischen Krisen adressiert. In diesem Kontext bietet es sich an, verstärkt nach den Artikulationsverhältnissen dieser multiplen Krisenkonstellation mit Mobilitätsthemen zu fragen. Der vorliegende Beitrag soll eine Bestandsaufnahme liefern und die Konturen für weitere Forschung umreißen.
Quantum tops at circular lepton colliders
Authors: Maltoni Fabio , Severi Claudio , Tentori Simone , Vryonidou Eleni 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study the quantum properties of top quark pairs in lepton colliders with unpolarised beams, including spin correlations, entanglement, and violation of Bell inequalities. We present analytical results in the SM and in the SMEFT and discuss several practical aspects, like the choice of quantisation axes and $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

threshold effects. We also note a correspondence between parity symmetry and entanglement. We find that quantum observables exhibit a rich phenomenology in the SM, and can also provide additional leverage in detecting new physics residing at higher scales.
Nonlinear scalar field $$(p_{1}, p_{2})$$-Laplacian equations in $$\mathbb {R}^{N}$$: existence and multiplicity
Authors: Ambrosio Vincenzo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we deal with the following class of $$(p_{1}, p_{2})$$

(

p
1

,

p
2

)

-Laplacian problems: $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Delta _{p_{1}}u-\Delta _{p_{2}}u= g(u) \text{ in } \mathbb {R}^{N},\\ u\in W^{1, p_{1}}(\mathbb {R}^{N})\cap W^{1, p_{2}}(\mathbb {R}^{N}), \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

-

Δ

p
1

u
-

Δ

p
2

u
=
g

(
u
)

in

R

N

,

u
∈

W

1
,

p
1

(

R

N

)

∩

W

1
,

p
2

(

R

N

)

,

where $$N\ge 2$$

N
≥
2

, $$1<p_{1}<p_{2}\le N$$

1
<

p
1

<

p
2

≤
N

, $$\Delta _{p_{i}}$$

Δ

p
i

is the $$p_{i}$$

p
i

-Laplacian operator, for $$i=1, 2$$

i
=
1
,
2

, and $$g:\mathbb {R}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

g
:
R
→
R

is a Berestycki-Lions type nonlinearity. Using appropriate variational arguments, we obtain the existence of a ground state solution. In particular, we provide three different approaches to deduce this result. Finally, we prove the existence of infinitely many radially symmetric solutions. Our results improve and complement those that have appeared in the literature for this class of problems. Furthermore, the arguments performed throughout the paper are rather flexible and can be also applied to study other p-Laplacian and $$(p_1, p_2)$$

(

p
1

,

p
2

)

-Laplacian equations with general nonlinearities.
Escaping the Energy Poverty Trap: Policy Assessment
Authors: Jové-Llopis Elisenda , Trujillo-Baute Elisa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClimate change and the ongoing energy transition can increase energy poverty rates. To date, the main tool employed to alleviate energy poverty has involved income transfers to vulnerable households. However, measures that seek to improve a home’s energy efficiency have recently gained increasing relevance. In this study we assess the effectiveness of these two types of policy, assuming universal coverage and optimal behaviour. Results points that income transfers and energy efficiency measures have the potential to decrease the proportion of households in energy poverty; however, the magnitude of their respective effects differs greatly. The average impact of energy efficiency measures provides for a greater reduction in energy poverty rates than income transfer policies. Although the greatest reduction in energy poverty is obtained by combining both measures, this combination of tools leads to overlapping effects with income transfers making only a marginal contribution once total retrofit have been implemented.
The epistemic objection against perdurantism
Authors: Tullio Emanuele , Soriani Tommaso 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccording to Perdurantism, persons are identical to maximal aggregates of appropriately interrelated temporal parts. Within the Perdurantist framework, an epistemic concern arises, targeting the perduring persons’ belief that they are persons, suggesting that, ultimately, they are not in a position to know that they are persons as opposed to temporal parts. Despite the consideration it has received over the years, this concern has not yet been converted into a full-fledged objection. This paper aims to address this gap by exploring the possibility of formulating a coherent Epistemic Objection against Perdurantism. We shall examine several epistemological principles around which such an objection might be built, arguing that none of them, in the end, allows a plausible formulation of the objection. As a result, we shall conclude that the burden of proving that in a Perdurantist setting persons are not in a position to know that they are persons rests with the objectors.
A new species of Anthopleura (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Mexican Pacific
Authors: Vassallo-Avalos Aurora , González-Muñoz Ricardo , Morrone Juan J. , Acuña Fabián H. , Durán-Fuentes Jeferson A. , Stampar Sérgio N. , Solís-Marín Francisco A. , Rivas Gerardo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnthopleura is one of the most speciose genera within the family Actiniidae. This genus is particularly characterized by its members having both verrucae on the column and acrorhagi on the margin. In the region of the Baja California Peninsula, in the Mexican Pacific, six species of Anthopleura have been documented, which are relatively well defined by their morphological characteristics and coloration patterns. During recent visits to the intertidal zone of Cerritos, in Baja California Sur, we found individuals of Anthopleura displaying a variety of colorations that do not agree with known species for the region. We collected and examined specimens of four morphotypes of Anthopleura, analyzing them by integrating information about their external and internal anatomy, as well as their cnidome. Additionally, we obtained and analyzed genetic sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear markers through phylogenetic analyses. Our results reveal that the four morphotypes belong to a single, and undescribed species of Anthopleura. We provide a detailed description of the species Anthopleura variata sp. nov., which is characterized by a variety of coloration patterns, as well as having a circumscribed, palmate, and pedunculate marginal sphincter muscle, harboring zooxanthellae, and lacking directive mesenteries, among other characteristics. Anthopleura variata sp. nov. is the 49th species in the genus and the seventh species of Anthopleura documented for the Mexican Pacific.
Analyzing the impact of conversation structure on predicting persuasive comments online
Authors: Capuano Nicola , Meyer Marco , Nota Francesco David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe topic of persuasion in online conversations has social, political and security implications; as a consequence, the problem of predicting persuasive comments in online discussions is receiving increasing attention in the literature. Following recent advancements in graph neural networks, we analyze the impact of conversation structure in predicting persuasive comments in online discussions. We evaluate the performance of artificial intelligence models receiving as input graphs constructed on the top of online conversations sourced from the “Change My View” Reddit channel. We experiment with different graph architectures and compare the performance on graph neural networks, as structure-based models, and dense neural networks as baseline models. Experiments are conducted on two tasks: (1) persuasive comment detection, aiming to predict which comments are persuasive, and (2) influence prediction, aiming to predict which users are persuasive. The experimental results show that the role of the conversation structure in predicting persuasiveness is strongly dependent on its graph representation given as input to the graph neural network. In particular, a graph structure linking only comments belonging to the same speaker in the conversation achieves the best performance in both tasks. This structure outperforms both the baseline model, which does not consider any structural information, and structures linking different speakers’ comments with each other. Specifically, the F1 score of the best performing model is 0.58, which represents an improvement of 5.45% over the baseline model (F1 score of 0.55) and 7.41% over the model linking different speakers’ comments (F1 score of 0.54).