bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corruption and internal control weaknesses. Case study Romania
Authors: IONESCU Luminiţa 
Published: August 2017

Corruption represents one of the major causes of poverty all over the world and European Union is fighting against it. In the last few years, the corruption phenomenon registered a high level in some European countries and became one of the most problematic factors for doing business, due to the evolution of the perceived top five global risks: interstate conflict and regional consequences, extreme weather events, failure of national governance, state collapse or crises, high structural unemployment or underemployment (WEF-Global Risk Report 2015, p. 14).One of the modalities in combating corruption is implementing the internal control and most of the governments and organizations adopted strong control techniques. Most of the control weaknesses are related to the financial procedures and the number of controllers. Some of the controllers do not have enough financial expertise or do not understand the importance of informatics systems.
Book Review - CAPITAL IN THE 21ST CENTURY, BY THOMAS PIKETTY
Authors: Gurgu Elena 
Published: August 2017

Only few books of economy in the recent past years have had a similar effect on public opinion as the work of Professor Thomas Piketty from Paris School of Economics, in which he attempts to explain the dynamics of the last two centuries income inequality in developed countries. Shortly after the release of the English version, appeared excellent reviews from some major economists like Robert Solow, Paul Krugman, Robert Shiller, all three Nobel Prize winners, as we all know. "It is the most important book of the century" concluded Esquire magazine, and Paul Krugman, Nobel Prize winner for Economics, described it as "a volume really superb" and "an extraordinary work [...] certainly the most economic important book of the year if not the decade." In turn, Martin Wolf, one of the most influential writers on economic issues worldwide, says that the work of Piketty is "extremely important" and Branko Milanovic, a former World Bank economist, said it is "one of the primary work of economic thought ".
CHANGE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES RELATED TO THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT COMPLEXITY
Authors: DOVAL Elena 
Published: August 2017

The changes in organizations appear as a reaction to the organizational environment changes. In order to manage these changes successfully, the managers need to anticipate and design alternative strategies by preparing different options. Nevertheless, the complexity of the global environment forces the managers to adopt strategies for their organizations that are facilitating the creation of new strategic competences and competitive advantages to face the environmental rapid changes. In this context, this paper is aiming to illustrate the main directions the change management may consider to change the organization strategies in order to harmonize them to the external environment, such as: integration versus externalization, flexible specialization and flexible organization, standardization versus adaptation, market segmentation, relationship building and maintaining and communication integration. However, the new strategies are based on a changed attitude of the managers towards the competitive advantage that is dynamic and focused on creation rather then to operations.
UNDERSTANTING THE NOTION OF STATE AID AND ITS CORRECT APPLICATION
Authors: STEFAN Ene Adrian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe present paper emphasizes the need to deepen the understanding of the notion of State Aid according to article 107, paragraph 1 from the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union definition, to correctly harmonize the Romanian legislation with the European one and directly apply it through the Guide Regarding State Aid[1]. The national implementation of the European recommendations presented here is meant to be achieve through the Emergency Ordinance no. 77/201, and State Aid Schemes Decision no. 807/2014 and 332/2014.[1] Developed by the Competition Council, available only in Romanian.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CULTURE IN THE STYLE OF LEADERSHIP
Authors: Gheta Madalina 
Published: August 2017

The level of development of a country is defined based on indicators such as population size, GDP and contry area. Although it’s easy to identify countries like the USA, France and Spain that are part of developed countries and countries such as Senegal, Gabon Greece or China ranked as emerging countries, there is no universally accepted definition of developing contries. The “emerging contries” are often listed in terms of their differentiation from the developed contries; A comun problem is that some organizations dont’t take into consideration all the variables, a country located on a higher position in terms of GDP is possible to not have the same position at the social development or quality of life. For the last 25 years China has known continuous economic expansion, it’s forecasted that in the next 20 years it will become one of the world’s superpower. China encountered a relatively fast development after the deployment of the “cultural revolution”.In China, the long standing cultural tradition influences till today the economic area, more than other countries encounter from this category. The youth’s mentality is to learn and to work very well with the solely interest to serve the country completely. This desire of the Chinese people is positively influenced by the state - the Chinese Communist Party encourages the state of raising the development of education and the level of life.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Nephropathy in Protocol Graft Kidney Biopsy done at six months Post Transplantation in a Tertiary Care Center Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Midhan , Shah Dibya Singh 
Published: August 2017

Background: Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for end stage renal disease. The focus of interest has been to increase the life of the transplanted graft. Recurrence of native kidney disease or occurrence of denovo glomerulonephritis has adverse effects in graft survival. Protocol graft biopsy done at fixed time interval after transplantation aids in early identification of post-transplant glomerulonephritis before development of clinical signs and symptoms. This study describes the incidence of post-transplant IgA Nephropathy in protocol renal graft biopsies done at six months post- transplantation.Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based observational descriptive study, done in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, a tertiary medical referral center in the capital. Protocol biopsy of the graft kidney was performed at six months post-transplantation in all recipients who underwent kidney transplantation in this hospital between 2071 Kartik and 2072 Ashwin.Results: Protocol biopsy was performed in total 47 recipients. Mean age of the recipients was 33.7 years ±10.83 years. The study population consisted of 33 (70.2%) male and 14 (29.8%) female recipients. IgA Nephropathy was present in 6 (12.8%) recipients.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that IgA Nephropathy does occur in patients with stable GFR and without any clinical or laboratory abnormalities. Protocol biopsy is valuable in detection of early histologic abnormalities before onset of clinical manifestations, thus helping in prompt management with aim to prolong the graft survival.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017)
Noradrenaline and Albumin for Type 1 Hepatorenal Syndrome: A Prospective Study from Eastern Nepal
Authors: Sharma Rabin , Pradhan Bickram , Peeyush Denis , Subedi Manish , Sah Sadhana 
Published: August 2017

Background : Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) is a serious complication of liver cirrhosis with critically poor prognosis with treatment currently based on vasopressors. We aimed to study the safety and effects of Intravenous Noradrenaline in patients with Type 1 HRS and also to define factors predictive of a response.Materials and Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Nepal enrolling patients withType 1 HRSfrom 2014 to 2015. All patients received Noradrenaline (0.5-3 mg/hr, intravenously) and albumin (1 g/kg followed by 20–40 g/day). Primary outcome was improvement of renal function.Results : 60 Type 1 HRS patients were enrolled in the study -37 males (61.7%) and 23 females (38.3%), mean age 58.18±9.33 years. The therapy was well tolerated as only 6.7% of patients withdrew treatment. Reversal of HRS was observed in 38 patients (63.3%) with the mean duration of 6.39±1.33 days. Of the baseline variables, higher urine output, higher mean arterial pressure and lower serum creatininewere predictive of response. Multivariate analysis showed Mean arterial pressure to be an independent variable of response (adjusted odds ratio 0.588, 95% CI- 0.393-0.880, P>0.05). Finally mean arterial pressure had a negative correlation with serum creatinine and a positive correlation with Urine output.Conclusion : Noradrenaline and albumin are safe and effective in improving renal function in patients with Type 1 HRS.There is a need for studies with larger sample size to correlate improvement in renal function with overall survival.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), page: 20-28
Prevalence of Conventional Risk Factors in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Eastern Part of Nepal
Authors: Nepal Rajesh , Bista Madhav , Monib Abdul Khaliq , Choudhary Manoj Kumar , Bhattarai Aakriti 
Published: August 2017

Background: Smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia are known as conventional risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the prevalence of it varies across populations. There is paucity of data in our country about the prevalence of risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aims to assess the prevalence of these conventional risk factors in patients who were admitted in Nobel medical college, with the diagnosis of ACS.Material & Methods: In this observational study, we enrolled 102 patients diagnosed as ACS with stenosis ≥50% of any epicardial arteries as shown on angiography admitted in Nobel Medical College between September 2015 to March 2017 and evaluate the prevalence of conventional risk factors. In addition, we analyzed the lipid profiles within 24 hour of the event.Results: Mean age of the patients was 59 years. Two third (66.7%) of the patients were male. Left anterior descending artery (43.13%) was the most common culprit lesion followed by RCA in 35.29%. Dyslipidemia was present in 73.5%, hypertension in 46.1%, smoking in 38.2% and diabetes in 37.3%. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was similar among male and female. Smoking (44.1%vs26.5%) was more common in male (P=<0.05). TG ≥150 mg/dl was seen in 52% study population and higher level of TG was seen in younger population ≤45 years compared to ≥45 years old (p=0.013).Conclusion: Present study showed high prevalence of hypertension, smoking, diabetes and dyslipidemia in patients with ACS, suggesting the need of aggressive risk factor reduction in general population. Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), page: 48-55
The Utility of the Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI) to Detect Cognitive Decline in Non-Demented Older Adults
Authors: Li Clara , Neugroschl Judith , Luo Xiaodong , Zhu Carolyn , Aisen Paul , Ferris Steven , Sano Mary 
Published: August 2017

Background: Subjective cognitive complaint is a sensitive marker of decline. Objective: This study aimed to (1) examine reliability of subjective cognitive complaint using the Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI), and (2) assess the utility of the CFI to detect cognitive decline in non-demented elders. Methods: Data from a four-year longitudinal study at multiple Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS) sites were extracted ( n = 644). Of these, 497 had Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) global scores of 0 and 147 had a CDR of 0.5. Mean age and education were 79.5±3.6 and 15.0±3.1 years, respectively. All participants and their study partners completed the subject and study partner CFI yearly. Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (mMMSE) and Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) were administered. Scores below the predetermined cut-off scores on either measure at annual visit were triggers for a full diagnostic evaluation. Cognitive decline was defined by the absence/presence of the trigger. Results: Three-month test retest reliability showed that inter-class coefficients for subject and study partner CFI were 0.76 and 0.78, respectively. Generalized estimating equation method revealed that both subject and study partner CFI change scores and scores from previous year were sensitive to cognitive decline in the CDR 0 group ( p < 0.05). In the CDR 0.5 group, only the study partner CFI change score predicted cognitive decline ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cognitive decline was predicted differentially by CDR level with subject CFI scores providing the best prediction for those with CDR 0 while study partner CFI predicted best for those at CDR 0.5.
Politics and Ideology: Lord Moyne, Palestine and Zionism 1939–1944
Authors: Yitzhak Ronen 
Published: August 2017

This article deals with Lord Moyne's policy towards the Zionists. It refutes the claim that Lord Moyne was anti-Zionist in his political orientation and in his activities and shows that his positions did not differ from those of other British senior officials at the time. His attitude toward Jewish immigration to Palestine and toward the establishment of a Jewish Brigade during the Second World War was indeed negative. This was not due to anti-Zionist policy, however, but to British strategy that supported the White Paper of 1939 and moved closer to the Arabs during the War. While serving in the British Cabinet, Lord Moyne displayed apolitically pragmatic approach and remained loyal to Prime Minister Churchill. He therefore supported the establishment of a Jewish Brigade and the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine in the secret committee that Churchill set up in 1944. Unaware of his new positions, the Zionists assassinated him in November 1944. The murder of Lord Moyne affected Churchill, leading him to reject the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine.
Prioritized Health Literacy and Clear Communication Practices For Health Care Professionals
Authors: Coleman Cliff , Hudson Stan , Pederson Ben 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Health care professionals need more and better training about health literacy and clear communication to provide optimal care to populations with low health literacy. A large number of health literacy and clear communication practices have been identified in the literature, but health professions educators, administrators, and policymakers have lacked guidance regarding which practices should be prioritized among members of the health care workforce.

Objective:
This study sought to prioritize recommended health literacy and clear communication practices for health care professionals.

Methods:

A Q-sort consensus method was used among 25 health literacy experts to rank a previously identified list of 32 health literacy and clear communication practices for health care professionals. Mean ratings for each of the 32 practices were compared using
t
-tests.

Key Results:
Mean ratings for the 32 practices fell along a spectrum from higher to lower importance. The eight top-rated practices formed a cluster, and seven of these items demonstrated clear consensus, whereas one item may have been influenced by one or more outlier rankings.

Conclusions:

Although a large number of health literacy and clear communication practices have been recommended in the literature for health care professionals, this is the first known study to rank such practices in terms of importance. The top-rated items can be considered a core set of practices that all health care professionals should learn and routinely use in clinical settings. These consensus opinion results will help health professions educators, administrators, and policymakers to direct potentially limited resources toward improving training in patient-centered communication, and when designing curricula, practice standards, care delivery models, and policies for health care professionals and systems to improve patient outcomes. Future studies should empirically confirm the relative value of the ranked items in terms of patient-centered outcomes.

[
Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2017;1(3):e90–e99.]

Plain Language Summary:
This is the first study to rank the most important things that health care workers can do to communicate more clearly with patients. A group of 25 experts ranked 32 items in order of importance. The list can be used to improve training for health care workers.
NON-SECRETORY MYELOMA: READY FOR A NEW DEFINITION?
Authors: Corso Alessandro , Mangiacavalli Silvia 
Published: August 2017

Non-secretory myeloma is a myeloma subtype whose diagnosis, until a few years ago, was established by demonstration of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow and by negative results on serum and urine electrophoresis and immunofixation studies. However, this type of myeloma could be misdiagnosed if the workup does not include an accurate study of serum free light chain test since some of the patients diagnosed as non-secretory could be light chain only with small amounts monoclonal proteinuria. Due to this limit in classification, all the information available today, generally coming from retrospective studies including patients studied in a complete and incomplete fashion, could be misleading. A new definition is thus needed to distinguish between the true non-secretory, with a possible better prognosis, and the other forms of oligosecretory myeloma with a prognosis more similar to the secretory form of myeloma. With all the data of the literature, the availability of laboratory and radiological tools, times are mature to depict a new definition of non-secretory myeloma which deserves, a peculiar work up and different response evaluation and, maybe, a different therapeutic approach. Keywords: Non-secretory myeloma; Free light chain; Myeloma subtype.
Hall effect on MHD flow of visco-elastic micro-polar fluid layer heated from below saturating a porous medium
Authors: Singh Bhupander 
Published: August 2017

The problem of visco-elastic micro-polar fluid layer heated from blow in the presence of uniform vertical magnetic field with Hall current in porous medium is discussed here and obtained a dispersion relation using normal mode analysis. From this dispersion relation, the medium permeability K1 has destabilizing effect, the coupling parameter K has stabilizing effect. the micro-polar coefficient A has stabilizing effect under certain conditions, the magnetic field has stabilizing effect when δ̅ < ∈/A and ∈ > 1/2, micro-polar heat conduction parameter has stabilizing effect when ∈ > 1/2 and Hall parameter has destabilizing effect under δ̅ < ∈/A and ∈ > 1/2 and a necessary condition for oscillatory mode is obtained with δ̅ < ∈/A and Q < Pr/π2 and F > Qπ2K1/∈Prj̅Keywords: Visco-elastic, Micro-polar fluid, Magnetic field, Hall current, Porous Medium
Head and Neck Cancer Research Ethics: A Primer
Authors: Smith Joshua D , Spector-Bagdady Kayte , Shuman Andrew G 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
The rapidly evolving landscape of clinical research in head and neck cancer promises scientific discovery that will benefit patients and stand to improve the human condition for years to come. However, it is imperative that the head and neck oncology research community remains cognizant of the ethical conundrums posed by novel clinical investigation and respects and honors the primacy of the patients and participants upon whom such discoveries depend. It is as vital as ever to revisit the ethical debates of the past, the novel issues of the present, and potential ethical concerns of the future, to ensure research subject protection and respect evolves at the same pace as the research enterprise itself. Herein, we review the basic ethical principles required of human subjects research, the regulatory landscape, and selected emerging debates with relevant examples for head and neck providers and researchers.

How to cite this article
Smith JD, Spector-Bagdady K, Shuman AG. Head and Neck Cancer Research Ethics: A Primer. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(2):49-56.
Our Understanding of Well-differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Thompson Christopher , Nixon Iain J 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Through significant contributions to our understanding of risk factors, prognostic indicators and management of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC), Prof Jatin Shah has contributed much to the field of thyroid cancer in recent times. Many of the guidelines used in WDTC management today are a testament to his less-aggressive, dedicated and individualised approach. This article seeks to both review the current understanding of WDTC and to outline these contributions in a special issue dedicated to the career of Prof Shah.

How to cite this article
Thompson C, Nixon IJ. Our Understanding of Well-differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(2):64-70.
Role of Extracapsular Nodal Spread and Surgical Margin Status in defining High-risk Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and its Treatment Intensity
Authors: Wreesmann Volkert B 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
High-risk head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) includes an ill-defined collection of tumors that share an extremely poor outcome after seemingly appropriate multimodality treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests that extracapsular nodal spread and suboptimal surgical margins may be markers of high-risk HNSCC, but their utility is limited by ambiguous pathological criteria and unsatisfactory establishment of independent prognostic value. Inaccurate definition of high-risk HNSCC continues to obscure the scientific basis of treatment intensification protocols that have been proposed for high-risk HNSCC. Recent studies propose a more objective definition of clinically relevant extracapsular nodal spread (ECS) and surgical margins, which may contribute to improved staging and treatment selection.

How to cite this article
Wreesmann VB. Role of Extracapsular Nodal Spread and Surgical Margin Status in defining High-risk Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and its Treatment Intensity. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(2):76-83.
Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation in Patients with Second-degree Uterine Prolapse
Authors: Rady Helmy A 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
Sacrospinous ligament fixation is a simple procedure we use today to treat cases with uterine prolapse.

Aim
The aim is to test the effectiveness of this procedure in the treatment of second-degree uterine prolapse.

Materials and methods
The study included 50 women with second-degree uterine prolapse. Out of 50 women, 25 (group I) were treated with bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation, while the other 25 (group II) were treated with unilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation. The efficacy and intraoperative and postoperative complications are recorded (follow-up of patients occurred 3 and 6 months postoperatively).

Results
Mean operative time in unilateral sacrospinous fixation is 52 ± 10.6 minutes, while in bilateral procedure, it is 73 ± 12.6 minutes. However, postoperative pain is more in bilateral than unilateral procedure.

Conclusion
Sacrospinous ligament fixation is an effective treatment for patients having second-degree uterine prolapse. Unilateral is better than bilateral sacrospinous operation regarding postoperative pain.

How to cite this article
Rady HA. Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation in Patients with Second-degree Uterine Prolapse. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):235-238.