bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation on the origin of regional springtime ozone episodes in the western Mediterranean
Authors: Kalabokas Pavlos , Hjorth Jens , Foret Gilles , Dufour Gaëlle , Eremenko Maxim , Siour Guillaume , Cuesta Juan , Beekmann Matthias 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. For the identification of regional springtime ozone episodes, rural European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) ozone measurements from countries surrounding the western Mediterranean (Spain, France, Switzerland, Italy, Malta) have been examined with emphasis on periods of high ozone-mixing ratios, according to the variation of the daily afternoon (12:00–18:00) ozone values. For two selected high ozone episodes in April and May 2008, composite NCEP/NCAR reanalysis maps of various meteorological parameters and/or their anomalies (geopotential height, specific humidity, vertical wind velocity omega, vector wind speed and temperature) at various tropospheric pressure levels have been examined together with the corresponding satellite Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) ozone measurements (at 3 and 10 km), CHIMERE simulations, vertical ozone soundings and HYSPLIT back trajectories. The observations show that high ozone values are detected in several countries simultaneously over several days. Also, the examined spring ozone episodes over the western Mediterranean and in central Europe are linked to synoptic meteorological conditions very similar to those recently observed in summertime ozone episodes over the eastern Mediterranean (Kalabokas et al., 2013, 2015; Doche et al., 2014), where the transport of tropospheric ozone-rich air masses through atmospheric subsidence significantly influences the boundary layer and surface ozone-mixing ratios. In particular, the geographic areas with observed tropospheric subsidence seem to be the transition regions between high-pressure and low-pressure systems. During the surface ozone episodes IASI satellite measurements show extended areas of high ozone in the lower- and upper-troposphere over the low-pressure system areas, adjacent to the anticyclones, which influence significantly the boundary layer and surface ozone-mixing ratios within the anticyclones by subsidence and advection in addition to the photochemically produced ozone there, resulting in exceedances of the 60 ppb standard.
A combined statistical bias correction and stochastic downscaling method for precipitation
Authors: Volosciuk Claudia , Maraun Douglas , Vrac Mathieu , Widmann Martin 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Much of our knowledge about future changes in precipitation relies on global (GCMs) and/or regional climate models (RCMs) that have resolutions which are much coarser than typical spatial scales of precipitation, particularly extremes. The major problems with these projections are both climate model biases and the gap between gridbox and point scale. Wong et al. (2014) developed a model to jointly bias correct and downscale precipitation at daily scales. This approach, however, relied on pairwise correspondence between predictor and predictand for calibration, and, thus, on nudged simulations which are rarely available. Here we present an extension of this approach that separates the downscaling from the bias correction and in principle is applicable to free-running GCMs/RCMs. In a first step, we bias correct RCM-simulated precipitation against gridded observations at the same scale using a parametric quantile mapping (QMgrid) approach. In a second step, we bridge the scale gap: we predict local variance employing a regression-based model with coarse-scale precipitation as a predictor. The regression model is calibrated between gridded and point-scale (station) observations. For this concept we present one specific implementation, although the optimal model may differ for each studied location. To correct the whole distribution including extreme tails we apply a mixture distribution of a gamma distribution for the precipitation mass and a generalized Pareto distribution for the extreme tail in the first step. For the second step a vector generalized linear gamma model is employed. For evaluation we adopt the perfect predictor experimental setup of VALUE. We also compare our method to the classical QM as it is usually applied, i.e., between RCM and point scale (QMpoint). Precipitation is in most cases improved by (parts of) our method across different European climates. The method generally performs better in summer than in winter and in winter best in the Mediterranean region, with a mild winter climate, and worst for continental winter climate in Mid- and eastern Europe or Scandinavia. While QMpoint performs similarly (better for continental winter) to our combined method in reducing the bias and representing heavy precipitation, it is not capable of correctly modeling point-scale spatial dependence of summer precipitation. A strength of this two-step method is that the best combination of bias correction and downscaling methods can be selected. This implies that the concept can be extended to a wide range of method combinations.
Assessing the risk posed by natural hazards to infrastructures
Authors: Eidsvig Unni Marie K. , Kristensen Krister , Vangelsten Bjørn Vidar 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. This paper proposes a model for assessing the risk posed by natural hazards to infrastructures, with a focus on the indirect losses and loss of stability for the population relying on the infrastructure. The model prescribes a three-level analysis with increasing level of detail, moving from qualitative to quantitative analysis. The focus is on a methodology for semi-quantitative analyses to be performed at the second level. The purpose of this type of analysis is to perform a screening of the scenarios of natural hazards threatening the infrastructures, identifying the most critical scenarios and investigating the need for further analyses (third level). The proposed semi-quantitative methodology considers the frequency of the natural hazard, different aspects of vulnerability, including the physical vulnerability of the infrastructure itself, and the societal dependency on the infrastructure. An indicator-based approach is applied, ranking the indicators on a relative scale according to pre-defined ranking criteria. The proposed indicators, which characterise conditions that influence the probability of an infrastructure malfunctioning caused by a natural event, are defined as (1) robustness and buffer capacity, (2) level of protection, (3) quality/level of maintenance and renewal, (4) adaptability and quality of operational procedures and (5) transparency/complexity/degree of coupling. Further indicators describe conditions influencing the socio-economic consequences of the infrastructure malfunctioning, such as (1) redundancy and/or substitution, (2) cascading effects and dependencies, (3) preparedness and (4) early warning, emergency response and measures. The aggregated risk estimate is a combination of the semi-quantitative vulnerability indicators, as well as quantitative estimates of the frequency of the natural hazard, the potential duration of the infrastructure malfunctioning (e.g. depending on the required restoration effort) and the number of users of the infrastructure. Case studies for two Norwegian municipalities are presented for demonstration purposes, where risk posed by adverse weather and natural hazards to primary road, water supply and power networks is assessed. The application examples show that the proposed model provides a useful tool for screening of potential undesirable events, contributing to a targeted reduction of the risk.
Interactions between Antarctic sea ice and large-scale atmospheric modes in CMIP5 models
Authors: Schroeter Serena , Hobbs Will , Bindoff Nathaniel L. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The response of Antarctic sea ice to large-scale patterns of atmospheric variability varies according to sea ice sector and season. In this study, interannual atmosphere–sea ice interactions were explored using observations and reanalysis data, and compared with simulated interactions by models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Simulated relationships between atmospheric variability and sea ice variability generally reproduced the observed relationships, though more closely during the season of sea ice advance than the season of sea ice retreat. Atmospheric influence on sea ice is known to be strongest during advance, and it appears that models are able to capture the dominance of the atmosphere during advance. Simulations of ocean–atmosphere–sea ice interactions during retreat, however, require further investigation. A large proportion of model ensemble members overestimated the relative importance of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) compared with other modes of high southern latitude climate, while the influence of tropical forcing was underestimated. This result emerged particularly strongly during the season of sea ice retreat. The zonal patterns of the SAM in many models and its exaggerated influence on sea ice overwhelm the comparatively underestimated meridional influence, suggesting that simulated sea ice variability would become more zonally symmetric as a result. Across the seasons of sea ice advance and retreat, three of the five sectors did not reveal a strong relationship with a pattern of large-scale atmospheric variability in one or both seasons, indicating that sea ice in these sectors may be influenced more strongly by atmospheric variability unexplained by the major atmospheric modes, or by heat exchange in the ocean.
Long Term Dynamics of Indian ADRs Market: The Case of Persistence and Irregular Cycles
Authors: Bora Ivani Mausumi , Kumar Manoj 
Published: March 2017

The focus of this study is to understand the previously ignored return generating dynamics of American Depositary Receipts (ADR) markets. The main objective of this study is to investigate the nature of the return generating process of the Indian ADRs market. Specifically, the study addresses following interrelated research questions: Do returns series of Indian ADRs market exhibit random walk behavior or rather depict persistence and nonlinear dynamics? Is there any cyclicity in the returns series of Indian ADRs market? Rescaled Range (R/S) method on daily and weekly return series of Bank of the New York Mellon Indian ADR index (BKIN) from 2002 to 2016 has been applied to address the above questions. Empirical findings revealed that returns series of Indian ADRs market: (a) do not exhibit random walk behavior and rather depict both nonlinear behavior and persistence (long range dependence); (b) possess non-periodic cycles of 0.793, 2.38 and approximately 7 years. The findings can work as crucial inputs to forecasting, risk-management and market regulation processes. The knowledge of the average cycle length and persistence will enhance preparedness to handle the opportunities and risks at all levels in the market.
Quality of Work Life, Job Satisfaction, and the Facets of the Relationship between the Two Constructs
Authors: J. Ramawickrama , Opatha H. H. D. N. P. , D. PushpaKumari M. 
Published: March 2017

Quality of Work Life (QWL) and job satisfaction are critical concepts in the field of Human Resource Management (HRM). An intellectual puzzle was chosen by the researchers with regard to whether QWL and job satisfaction are the same or different, and if different, how they are differed. By using the desk research strategy a systematic attempt was made to solve the intellectual puzzle to a reasonable extent. Both constructs were found to be different and related. Four facets of the relationship between the two constructs were revealed: Job satisfaction being a dimension of QWL; job satisfaction not being a dimension of QWL; job satisfaction working as an antecedent of QWL; and finally job satisfaction being a consequence of QWL. Formulated synthesis is perceived as an original contribution to the concepts of QWL and job satisfaction.
De curator, het boedeltekort en de schade van de rechtspersoon
Authors: Ortiz Aldana F. , van Bekkum J. 
Published: March 2017

De curator, het boedeltekort en de schade van de rechtspersoon
Tussen artikel 2:9 en artikel 2:248 BW bestaan aanmerkelijke verschillen. Met name wordt op beide gronden iets anders gevorderd. Curatoren zouden de artikel 2:9 BW-vordering veel meer dan op dit moment gebruikelijk is als een zelfstandige vordering naast artikel 2:248 BW moeten behandelen. Dat voorkomt de potentiële verwaarlozing van een belangrijk boedelactief.
Produtos televisuais: trajetória e alterações de percurso
Authors: Strassburger Damaris 
Published: March 2017

Resumo: A investigação propõe-se a examinar a trajetória de produtos televisuais que não têm data prevista para término, conferindo especial atenção às alterações de percurso por eles efetuadas com vistas à sua permanência no ar. Com essa finalidade, elegeu-se como objeto de estudo o programa Esquenta!, exibido inicialmente por temporadas, mas que, a partir de maio de 2013, passou a fazer parte da grade fixa de programação da Rede Globo de Televisão.Palavras-chave: Produtos televisuais. Subgênero programa de auditório. Programa Esquenta!. Estratégias comunicativas e discursivas. Productos televisivos: trayectoria y alteraciones del recorridoResumen: La investigación se propone examinar la trayectoria de los productos televisivos que no tienen fecha para la finalización, con especial atención a los cambios de curso realizados por ellos con vistas a su estancia en el aire. Para este fin, fue elegido como el objeto de estudio el programa Esquenta!, representada inicialmente por temporadas, pero que, desde mayo de 2013, pasó a formar parte de la red fija de la programación de televisión Rede Globo.Palabras clave: Productos televisivos. Subgénero programa de auditorio. Programa Esquenta!. Estrategias comunicativas y discursivas.Televisual products: trajectory and course changesAbstract: The investigation aims at examining the trajectory of televisual products that do not have estimated completion date, paying special attention to the course changes realized by them, aiming at staying on air. For this purpose, the show Esquenta!, initially broadcast by seasons, but, from May 2013 onwards, became a part of the fixed time slot of Rede Globo television network, was elected as object of study.Keywords: Televisual products. Subgenre auditorium show. Esquenta! TV show. Communicative and discursive strategies.
Consumo Midiático em Comunidade Online: Um Estudo Sobre o Mundo T-GIRL
Authors: Scherer Fernanda 
Published: March 2017

Este estudo investiga o consumo de mídia no Mundo T-Girl, uma comunidade de mulheres transexuais e travestis no Facebook. Analisamos os sentidos que as integram e distinguem, objetivando compreender por que pertencem a esse espaço online. Diferente de outros âmbitos, na comunidade é possível compartilhar perspectivas e encontrar pessoas que compreendam suas aspirações, as quais incluem uma esfera social mais igualitária e o ajuste à feminilidade. RESUMEN Este estudio investiga el consumo de medios en Mundo T-Girl, una comunidad de mujeres transexuales y travestis en Facebook. Hemos analizado los sentidos que las integran y distinguen, para entender por qué pertenecen a este espacio online. A diferencia de otros lugares, en la comunidad pueden compartir perspectivas y encontrar personas que entienden sus aspiraciones, que incluyen una esfera social más igualitaria y el ajuste a la feminidad.Palabras-clave: Consumo de medios. Etnografía. Comunidad Online. Transexualidad. Travestilidad. ABSTRACT This study investigates the media consumption in the Mundo T-Girl, a community of transsexuals women and transvestis on Facebook. We have analyzed the senses that integrate and distinguish them, in order to understand the reasons to belong to this online space. Unlike other areas, in the community they can share perspectives and find people who understand their aspirations, which includes a more egalitarian social sphere and the adjustment to femininity.Keywords: Media Consumption. Cultural Consumption. Ethnography. Online Community. Transexuality. Travestility.
AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE VISUAL: RELATO DE UMA EXPERIENCIA
Authors: Sperandio Ana Maria Girotti 
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de descrever os passas estratégicos para a consbução e a implantação de um projeto que envolveu ações de promoção e proteção da saúde das crianças de O a 7 anos, do município de Morungaba, SP, de 2000 a 2003. A área escolhida foi a da ocular. Contou-se com a participação de atares sociais locais – educação, saúde, ONG e famílias – que interagem, de alguma forma com essa população infantil. As estratégias básicas foram o planejamento do processo de trabalho com os representantes locais; participação da comunidade; realização de parcenas; intersetorialidade e capacitação sobre noções de saúde ocular para atores sociais (empoderamento). Os resultados qualitativos foram considerados os mais relevantes. Foram implementadas no Município a partir do projeto: ações de educação em saúde desenvolvidas com os atores sociais e destes, com as crianças população-alvo; ações intersetoriais e interinstitucionais— Prefeitura, Educaçào, Saúde, ONG e parcerias com empresas locais. A liderança politico-institucional local assumiu e desencadeou o projeto, comprometendo-se com sua continuidade por meio da criação de uma lei, institucionalizando ações de promoçao da saúde oculare prevenção de problemas visuais para crianças moradoras do Municipio; ocorreu a articulação do setor público com o privado e o Projeto passou a apresentar condições para ser auto-sustentável. Quanto aos resultados quantitativos, cerca de 1600 crianças foram triadas, até novembro de 2002. A triagem visual detectou 12% de crianças com prol~lemas visuais e em 2002 cerca de 10%. O projeto teve continuidade em 2003 com a ampliação das ações. As ações propostas e desenvolvidas foram de baixo custo utilizando a mão de obra local.
Contribution of temperature and precipitation anomalies to the California drought during 2012–2015
Authors: Luo Lifeng , Apps Deanna , Arcand Samuel , Xu Huating , Pan Ming , Hoerling Martin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe recent multiyear drought over California was characterized by large precipitation deficits and abnormally high temperatures during both wet and dry seasons. This study investigates and quantifies the contributions of precipitation and temperature anomalies to the development of the multiyear drought with a set of modeling experiments where the anomalies are either removed or randomly replaced with other historical observations. The study reveals that precipitation deficits have been largely responsible for producing the extreme agricultural drought (i.e., large soil moisture deficits) while warmer temperatures have only marginally intensified the drought. However, the warmer temperatures over the high‐elevation areas during the wet season have contributed equally or more than the precipitation deficits to the reduction of snowpack. The interplay between temperature and precipitation anomalies in space and time also appears to be important for the drought development.
Satellite‐observed drop of Arctic sea ice growth in winter 2015–2016
Authors: Ricker Robert , Hendricks Stefan , Girard‐Ardhuin Fanny , Kaleschke Lars , Lique Camille , Tian‐Kunze Xiangshan , Nicolaus Marcel , Krumpen Thomas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn anomalous warm winter 2015–2016 lead to the lowest winter ice extent and highlights the sensitivity of the Arctic sea ice. Here we use the 6 year record of an improved sea ice thickness product retrieved from data fusion of CryoSat‐2 radar altimetry and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity radiometry measurements to examine the impact of recent temperature trend on the Arctic ice mass balance. Between November 2015 and March 2016, we find a consistent drop of cumulative freezing degree days across the Arctic, with a negative peak anomaly of about 1000 degree days in the Barents Sea, coinciding with an Arctic‐wide average thinning of 10 cm in March with respect to the 6 year average. In particular, the loss of ice volume is associated with a significant decline of March first‐year ice volume by 13%. This reveals that due to the loss of multiyear ice during previous years, the Arctic ice cover becomes more sensitive to climate anomalies.
Investigating the development of double‐peak subauroral ion drift (DSAID)
Authors: Horvath Ildiko , Lovell Brian C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study focuses on the newly described ionospheric feature, called double‐peak subauroral ion drift (DSAID), which is a subclass of the well‐known single‐peak SAID. Double‐layer Region 2 (R2) field aligned currents (FACs) could be the main driver of DSAID. Our aim is to gain new insights into the development of DSAID during its two‐stage progression. Observational results are provided by five scenarios, each demonstrating a certain progression sequence of DSAID. Results show that SAID/DSAID occurred during flux transfer events and was accompanied by flow channels (FCs) associated with dayside magnetopause (FC‐2) and nightside magnetotail (FC‐3) reconnections, with westward electrojet (eastward FC), and with auroral streamers (FC‐4). In the premidnight magnetic local time (MLT) sector of stage 2, DSAID development was due to the short‐circuiting of the reconnection‐injected plasma jets during substorms or pseudobreakups. Thus, the related ring current pressure buildup enhanced the downward R2 FACs leading to double/multiple circuits forming double‐layer R2 FACs. During the midnight MLT hours of stage 2, DSAID development was closely related to the westward traveling surge (WTS)/substorm current wedge (SCW). WTS/SCW‐related strong upward R1 FACs closed with meriodional currents producing eastward and downward (i.e., downward R2 FAC‐style) return currents enhancing the downward R2 FACs and thus leading to double/multiple circuits forming double‐layer R2 FACs. Auroral streamers/FC‐4 represent a substorm substructure and their occurrence with DSAID after stage 2 demonstrates that this substructure occasionally includes DSAID. Our results demonstrate also that the short‐circuited system underlying SAID/DSAID acted sometimes as a current generator and sometimes as a voltage generator.
Strong temperature gradients and vertical wind shear on MLT region associated to instability source at 23°S
Authors: Andrioli V. F. , Batista P. P. , Xu Jiyao , Yang Guotao , Chi Wang , Zhengkuan Liu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNa lidar temperature measurements were taken successfully from 2007 to 2009 in the mesopause region over São José dos Campos (23.1°S, 45.9°W). Strong gradients on these vertical temperature profiles are often observed. A simple theoretical study has shown that temperature gradient of at least −8 K/km is required concurrently with the typical tidal wind shear in order to generate dynamical instability in the MLT region. We have studied vertical shear in horizontal wind related to atmospheric tides, inferred by meteor radar, with the aim of analyzing instability occurrence. These wind measurements were taken from an all‐sky meteor radar at Cachoeira Paulista (22.7°S, 45°W). Two years of simultaneous data, wind and temperature, were used in this analysis which represent 79 days, totalizing 589 h of simultaneous observations. We realize that the condition for the local Richardson number (Ri) dropping below the critical value of instability (Ri < 0.25) is often reached in 98% of the analyzed cases. The mean probabilities for occurrence of convective and dynamical instabilities, in the altitude region between 82 and 98 km, were observed to be about 3% and 17.5%, respectively. Additionally, vertical distribution of these probabilities has revealed a weak occurrence of dynamical instability around 90 km, and this fact can be related to the double mesopause typically observed in this site.