bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning through reflection: the critical role of reflection in work-based learning (WBL)
Authors: Helyer Ruth 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the critical role reflection plays in work-based learning (WBL).

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents an contextualist examination of reflection in the WBL environment.

Findings
People consciously reflect in order to understand events in their lives and as a consequence hopefully add and enhance meaning.

Research limitations/implications
Reflection is associated therefore with “looking back” and examining the past in order to learn from what happened and perhaps not repeat mistakes. However, it is also increasingly associated with reflecting on action (Schon, 1983) and encourages an exploring of thoughts and feelings; looking for insights; and maximizing on self-awareness which all tie the process closely to identity formation (Lacan, 1977).

Practical implications
If used effectively and purposefully reflection facilitates ongoing personal and professional learning, and creates and develops practitioners capable of demonstrating their progression towards learning outcomes and required standards. Reflection can also provide a structure in which to make sense of learning, so that concepts and theories become embedded in practice, and constant thought and innovation are simultaneously fostered.

Social implications
By actively considering the thoughts and actions one becomes aware of the power of reflective thinking as a tool for continuous improvement, and one that has implications beyond the personal.

Originality/value
This paper represents the first study which examines the role reflection plays in WBL.
Apply these six tips to stop wasting time on performance reviews
Authors: Row Shelley 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is for employers to learn how to make performance reviews of the employees more efficient and effective.

Findings
For performance reviews to be effective, they must be conducted in a manner that activates reward responses in the brain and supports repetition – the key to habit change. There are four ways to activate reward responses, which are presented in this paper.

Originality/value
Employers should use this information to restructure performance reviews with their employees. By doing so, less time will be wasted and improvement will be optimized.
Effects of intra‐operative maintenance of general anaesthesia with propofol on postoperative pain outcomes – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Qiu Q. , Choi S. W. , Wong S. S. C. , Irwin M. G. , Cheung C. W. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryPropofol is used both for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. Recent evidence shows that propofol has analgesic properties. This meta‐analysis evaluated differences in postoperative analgesia between general anaesthetic maintenance with intravenous propofol and inhalational anaesthetics. Fourteen trials met inclusion criteria and were included. Our outcomes were pain scores 2 and 24 h after surgery. No significant difference in pain scores was found at 2 h after surgery (Hedge's g (95% CI) −0.120 (−0.415–0.175) (p = 0.425). Propofol was associated with a statistically significant, albeit marginal, reduction in pain scores 24 h after surgery (Hedge's g (95% CI) −0.134 (−0.248 to −0.021) (p = 0.021). Data were insufficient to allow a meaningful analysis regarding 24‐h morphine‐equivalent consumption. Propofol was associated with reduced postoperative nausea and vomiting (relative risk (95%CI) 0.446 (0.304–0.656) (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, this meta‐analysis suggests that propofol improves postoperative analgesia compared with inhalational anaesthesia 24 h after surgery, with a lower incidence of nausea and vomiting.
Tinea capitis: temporal shift in pathogens and epidemiology
Authors: Ziegler Wiebke , Lempert Sigrid , Goebeler Matthias , Kolb‐Mäurer Annette 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundTinea capitis is the most common type of dermatomycosis in children. Its pathogen profile shows geographic variations as well as temporal shifts.Patients and methodsData from 150 patients with mycologically confirmed tinea capitis treated at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, between 1990 and 2014 were analyzed with respect to gender, age, and pathogen spectrum. Two time periods, each 12.5 years long, were compared.ResultsAlthough tinea capitis was most frequently diagnosed in children between the ages of 0 and 5, the percentage of adults (16 %) was higher than previously reported. The zoophilic dermatophyte Microsporum canis was most frequently identified as the causative agent of tinea capitis. However, there was a rise in infections caused by the anthropophilic fungi Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton rubrum, and also a trend towards a lower percentage of zoophilic versus anthropophilic pathogens. Over the course of time, we observed an increase in the diversity of the pathogen spectrum. Dermatophytes such as Trichophyton soudanense, the Trichophyton anamorph of Arthroderma benhamiae, Trichophyton schoenleinii, and Microsporum audouinii were isolated either for the first time or for the first time after a long hiatus.ConclusionsAlthough Microsporum canis infections still predominate, there has been an increase in anthropophilic pathogens. Given the unexpectedly high percentage of adults, tinea capitis should be included in the differential diagnostic considerations in all age groups.
Morphologic criteria of vesiculobullous skin disorders by in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Samhaber Kinga T. , Buhl Timo , Brauns Birka , Hofmann Lars , Mitteldorf Christina , Seitz Cornelia S. , Schön Michael P. , Rosenberger Albert , Haenssle Holger A. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackground and objectivesReflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) may be a useful method for accurate, rapid, and noninvasive bedside diagnosis of vesiculobullous skin diseases (VSD). The main outcome measure of this study was a descriptive statistical analysis of RCM features associated with selected group of VSD.Patients and methodsSingle‐center, observational study at a university‐based dermatology department. Forty skin lesions in 24 patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP), varicella zoster virus infection (VZI), or allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) were assessed.ResultsPatients with BP, VZI, and ACD were assessed for the presence of a large spectrum of RCM features, among others including histopathological correlates for spongiosis, vesicles/blisters, epidermal necrosis, pleomorphic ballooned keratinocytes, and inflammatory infiltrate. The three conditions showed distinct patterns of occurrence with respect to these RCM features. Using a multivariate regression model, we identified sets of morphologic features in BP (vesicles/blisters at the dermoepidermal junction, inflammatory infiltrate within blisters and basal epidermal layers, spongiosis in basal epidermal layers), VZI (acantholysis in the stratum spinosum, epidermal necrosis, pleomorphic ballooned keratinocytes, multinucleated giant cells), and ACD (microvesicles, spongiosis, and prominent inflammatory infiltrate in the stratum granulosum/spinosum).ConclusionsRCM seems to be a useful tool in the evaluation and differentiation of a selected group of VSD, and offers a good correlation with histopathological findings.
An investigation on friction spot welding of AA2198‐T8 thin sheets
Authors: de Barros P. A. F. , Campanelli L. C. , Alcântara N. G. , Dos Santos J. F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe feasibility of joining 1.6‐mm‐thick sheets of AA2198‐T8 by the novel friction spot welding technology and the resulting microstructural features on the welds cross sections were assessed, with further evaluation of the process parameters on the weld performance. Besides the intrinsic discontinuity related to the interface between the sheets, the hook feature was found to be inherent to the welding process, and its morphology was determinant to the weld performance and fracture mode. A beneficial response on the shear strength was achieved with the minimization of the hook feature because of the absence of a potential site for crack nucleation, although the generation of other defects, depending on the combination of parameters, could erase this benefit. Through statistical analysis, the most influent parameters on the weld performance were plunge depth and welding time. In the present study, regardless of the weld discontinuities, the optimum shear strength revealed a satisfactory performance in mechanical terms for aerospace applications.
Multipolar versus monopolar radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe: Results of a propensity score analysis
Authors: Hirooka Masashi , Ochi Hironori , Hiraoka Atsushi , Koizumi Yohei , Tokumoto Yoshio , Abe Masanori , Michitaka Kojiro , Joko Kouji , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: August 2016

AimThis study aimed to compare multipolar radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with monopolar RFA as the major treatment for nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe.MethodsThis retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. Data were reviewed from 101 patients who met the Milan criteria and were treated by multipolar RFA (n = 22) or monopolar RFA (n = 79). After propensity score matching, complications and local tumor progression were compared between the two groups.ResultsBefore propensity score matching (n = 101), the 2‐year relapse‐free survival rates for multipolar and monopolar RFA (65.1% vs. 38.8%, respectively; P = 0.064) and the local tumor progression rate (12.5% vs. 14.9%, respectively; P = 0.313) were not significantly different. There were no significant differences between the two RFA techniques by treatment efficacy of transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization, location of tumor, and puncture route. After matching (n = 44), the 2‐year relapse‐free survival rate for the multipolar and monopolar groups (65.1% vs. 22.7%, respectively; P = 0.004) was significantly different, and the local tumor progression rate (12.5% vs. 22.9%, respectively; P = 0.004) was significantly different. No severe complications occurred in the patients treated by multipolar RFA.ConclusionMultipolar RFA appears to be a safe and effective method for hepatocellular carcinoma nodules in the caudate lobe.
An evidence‐based system for health surveillance of occupational divers
Authors: Sames C. , Gorman D. , Mitchell S. , Sandiford P. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe value of the commonly required routine annual medical examination of occupational divers has been questioned, and there is a need for a robust, evidence‐based system of health surveillance for this group of workers.AimsTo determine whether the medical examination and investigation component of occupational divers’ routine comprehensive health surveillance adds significantly to the information gained from the questionnaire component in determining fitness for diving.MethodsAn occupational diver database was interrogated to identify divers issued with a ‘limited’ medical clearance or considered ‘unfit’ for diving over a 5‐year period. Reasons for the ‘unfit’ or ‘limited’ designation and the source of the critical information, whether the annual health questionnaire or the medical examination or questionnaire component (or both) of the initial or 5‐yearly comprehensive medical evaluation, was recorded. For divers completing the 5‐yearly repeat comprehensive medical evaluation, the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire alone for determining unfitness for diving was compared with that of a nominal ‘gold standard’.ResultsOf 5178 certificates issued to 2187 divers over a 5‐year period, 158 (3%) were provisionally designated as either ‘limited’ or ‘unfit’. Of nine divers identified by the examination component of the 5‐yearly comprehensive medical evaluation, four were eventually designated ‘fit’, two ‘limited’, and three were lost to follow up. None who had completed subsequent investigations remained ‘unfit’. The sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire to detect unfit divers compared with the gold standard were 84.6 and 99.3%, respectively, and its accuracy was 98.9%.ConclusionThe current New Zealand occupational diver medical certification process, comprising annual health questionnaires and 5‐yearly full examinations, detects all health issues critical to the determination of fitness to dive.
A 6‐month, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study evaluating the ability of a marine complex supplement to promote hair growth in men with thinning hair
Authors: Ablon Glynis 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundMale pattern baldness, or androgenetic alopecia, affects approximately 50% of the adult population and can cause poor self‐image, low self‐esteem and have a significant negative impact on the quality of life. An oral nutraceutical supplement based on a marine complex formulation has previously been reported to significantly increase the number of terminal hairs in women with thinning hair. AIMS: The objective of this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was to confirm the beneficial effects of a similar marine complex supplement in adult male subjects with thinning hair (Viviscal® Man; Lifes2good, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).Patients/MethodsHealthy adult male subjects with thinning hair associated with clinically diagnosed male pattern hair loss were enrolled and randomized to receive study drug or placebo twice daily.ResultsAt Day 90, subjects indicated a significant improvement in three of six quality of life measures as well as a significant overall improvement in quality of life. After 180 days, significant increases were observed for total hair count, total hair density, and terminal hair density (for each, P = 0.001). The investigator assessments revealed significant improvements in terminal and vellus hair count and terminal hair density. Hair pull test results were significantly lower (fewer hairs removed) for study drug vs. placebo at Days 90 (P < 0.05) and 180 (P < 0.01). There were no reports of treatment‐emergent adverse events.ConclusionThe results of this study showed for the first time that a dietary supplement containing a marine complex and other ingredients can decrease hair shedding and promote hair growth in men with thinning hair.
Bridging the gap between guidelines and practice in the management of emerging infectious diseases: a qualitative study of emergency nurses
Authors: Lam Stanley KK , Kwong Enid WY , Hung Maria SY , Pang Samantha MC 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore the difficulties and strategies regarding guideline implementation among emergency nurses.BackgroundEmerging infectious diseases remain an underlying source of global health concern. Guidelines for accident and emergency departments would require adjustments for infectious disease management. However, disparities between guidelines and nurses' practice are frequently reported, which undermines the implementation of these guidelines into practice. This article explores the experience of frontline emergency nurses regarding guideline implementation and provides an in‐depth account of their strategies in bridging guideline‐practice gaps.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used.MethodsSemi‐structured, face‐to‐face, individual interviews were conducted between November 2013–May 2014. A purposive sample of 12 frontline emergency nurses from five accident and emergency departments in Hong Kong were recruited. The audio‐recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed with a qualitative content analysis approach.ResultsFour key categories associated with guideline‐practice gaps emerged, including getting work done, adapting to accelerated infection control measures, compromising care standards and resolving competing clinical judgments across collaborating departments. The results illustrate that the guideline‐practice gaps could be associated with inadequate provision of corresponding organisational supports after guidelines are established.ConclusionsThe nurses' experiences have uncovered the difficulties in the implementation of guidelines in emergency care settings and the corresponding strategies used to address these problems. The nurses' experiences reflect their endeavour in adjusting accordingly and adapting themselves to their circumstances in the face of unfeasible guidelines.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is important to customise guidelines to the needs of frontline nurses. Maintaining cross‐departmental consensus on guideline interpretation and operation is also indicated as an important component for effective guideline implementation.
The Import/Export of Police Models: Danish 19th Century Police Reform Between Elites of Revolution and Reaction
Authors: Christensen Mikkel Jarle 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe article investigates the diffusion of police models in the 19th century taking the Danish import of the Metropolitan Police implemented in London in 1829 as its main object of analysis. Building on the sociological framework of Pierre Bourdieu, the focal point of the analysis is how an international police model was crafted by national elites who profited from the import of a specific form of policing. In the Danish context, the import and mutation of the English role model was closely related to a transformation of the national field of power as absolutism was formally disbanded but practically folded into a new constitutional monarchy in which conservative and liberal elites coexisted.
Expanding the donor pool: regional variation in pediatric organ donation rates
Authors: Godown Justin , McKane Meghann , Wujcik Kari , Mettler Bret A. , Dodd Debra A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThere are limited published data on pediatric organ donation rates. The aim of this study was to describe the trends in pediatric organ donation over time and to assess the regional variation in pediatric deceased organ donation. OPTN data were utilized to assess the trends in pediatric organ donation over time. The number of deceased pediatric organ donors was indexed using regional mortality data obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics and compared across UNOS regions and two different eras. The number of pediatric deceased organ donors has declined in the recent era, largely driven by fewer adolescent donors. For all age groups, there is significant regional variation in organ donation rates, with identifiable high‐ and low‐performing regions. Expansion of the donor pool may be possible by optimizing organ donation in regions demonstrating lower recruitment of pediatric donors. Using the region with the highest donation rate for each age group as the gold standard, we estimate a potential 24% increase in the number of donors if all regions performed comparably, equating to 215 new pediatric donors annually.
The Correlation of Increased CRP Levels with NFKB1 and TLR2 Polymorphisms in the Case of Morbid Obesity
Authors: Soydas T. , Karaman O. , Arkan H. , Yenmis G. , Ilhan M. M. , Tombulturk K. , Tasan E. , Kanigur Sultuybek G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMorbid obesity (MO) is associated with an increase in circulating levels of systemic acute phase proteins such as C‐reactive protein (CRP). Toll‐like receptor is possible candidate for inflammatory responses which is mainly mediated by NFKB1. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between NFKB1 and Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2 polymorphisms and the risk of MO in a Turkish population in the context of CRP serum levels which may contribute to susceptibility to the disease. We analysed the distribution of NFKB1‐94 ins/del ATTG rs28362491 and TLR2 Arg753Gln rs5743708 polymorphisms using PCR‐RFLP method and CRP serum levels using ELISA method in 213 MO and 200 healthy controls. The frequency of the ins/ins genotype and ins allele of rs28362491 was significantly higher in the patients compared to control group (P: 0.0309; P: 0.0421, respectively). Additionally, the frequency of GG genotype and G allele of rs5743708 was found to be statistically higher in the patient group (P: 0.0421; P < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, serum CRP levels (>20 mg/l) in MO patients with ins/ins genotype were significantly higher than in patients with del/ins genotype (P: 0.0309). Serum CRP levels were also higher in MO patients with GG genotype and G allele (P: 0.0001). According to combined analysis, the wild type of rs28362491 and rs5743708 polymorphisms (ins/ins/GG genotype) was also significantly higher in the patient group versus the control group when compared with the combined ins/ins/GA and del/ins/GA genotype (P < 0.0001). Therefore, our findings suggest that rs28362491 and rs5743708 polymorphisms were significantly associated with MO disease through acting by modulating serum CRP levels.
Tales from a Small Island: Applying the ‘Path‐Dependency’ Thesis to Explore Migration to a Remote Rural Community
Authors: Philip Lorna J. , MacLeod Marsaili 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article explores the perspicacity of the ‘path‐dependency’ thesis for explaining pre‐ and post‐retirement migration, extending existing debates in the literature on path‐dependency retirement regions. The article presents a case‐study of pre‐ and post‐retirement migration to the Isle of Bute, Scotland. Drawing on findings from a household survey and biographical interviews with in‐migrants to the island, we ground our understanding of path‐dependency processes in individual behaviours and experiences, to demonstrate how specific attributes of particular places lay the foundations of path‐dependent migration flows. Our findings support the path‐dependency thesis, as applied to migration into rural areas, demonstrating how the Isle of Bute has followed a systematic trajectory from being a long‐standing popular holiday destination with attractive natural amenities, to a popular retirement destination with a developed recreational infrastructure and, latterly, a popular pre‐retirement destination in which personal networks influence migration decision‐making.
A novel canine B‐cell leukaemia cell line. Establishment, characterisation and sensitivity to chemotherapeutics
Authors: Pawlak A. , Ziolo E. , Kutkowska J. , Blazejczyk A. , Wietrzyk J. , Krupa A. , Hildebrand W. , Dziegiel P. , Dzimira S. , Obminska‐Mrukowicz B. , Strzadala L. , Rapak A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe established a new B‐cell leukaemia cell line CLB70 from a dog with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. This cell line is positive for CD20, CD45, CD79a, MHC class II, IgG, IgM; weakly positive for CD21; and negative for CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD14, CD34, CD117. PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangement (PARR) analysis revealed a biclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement and negative result for TCRγ. Western blot analysis of anti‐ and pro‐apoptotic proteins showed increased expression of Bcl‐2, Mcl‐1, NF‐kB, and Ras, and decreased expression of p53. CLB70 cells grow rapidly in vitro and are tumourigenic in nude mice. The CLB70 line is highly sensitive to doxorubicin, less sensitive to etoposide and imatinib, and resistant to piroxicam, celecoxib and dexamethasone. Our results indicate that CLB70 cells are derived from mature B‐cells and they may be a useful tool for the development of new therapeutic strategies for both dogs and humans.