bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tool selection and the ventral‐dorsal organization of tool‐related knowledge
Authors: Tobia Michael J. , Madan Christopher R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTool selection is a cognitive process necessary for tool use, and may rely on distinct knowledge under different conditions. This fMRI experiment was designed to identify neural substrates mediating tool selection under different conditions. Participants performed a picture‐matching task that presented a recipient object and an action‐goal, and required the selection of the best tool object from among four candidates. Some trials allowed selection of the prototypical tool, whereas others forced selection of either a functionally substitutable or impossible tool. Statistical contrasts revealed significantly different activation between Proto and Sub conditions in frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. The middle temporal gyrus (MTG) bilaterally, and the right posterior cingulate were more strongly activated by prototypical tool selection, and left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), intraparietal sulcus (IPS), middle frontal gyrus, and precuneus were more strongly activated when selecting substitutable objects. These findings are concordant with previous neuroimaging studies of tool use knowledge in demonstrating that activation of the MTG represents functional knowledge for conventional tool usage, and activation of the IPL/IPS supports action (i.e., praxic) knowledge representations. These results contribute to the literature that dissociates the roles of ventral and dorsal streams in tool‐related knowledge and behavior, and emphasize the role of the left hemisphere for processing goal‐directed object interactions.
Hemodynamic responses are reduced with aerobic compared with resistance blood flow restriction exercise
Authors: May Anthony K. , Brandner Christopher R. , Warmington Stuart A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe hemodynamics of light‐load exercise with an applied blood‐flow restriction (BFR) have not been extensively compared between light‐intensity, BFR, and high‐intensity forms of both resistance and aerobic exercise in the same participant population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use a randomized crossover design to examine the hemodynamic responses to resistance and aerobic BFR exercise in comparison with a common high‐intensity and light‐intensity non‐BFR exercise. On separate occasions participants completed a leg‐press (resistance) or treadmill (aerobic) trial. Each trial comprised a light‐intensity bout (LI) followed by a light‐intensity bout with BFR (80% resting systolic blood pressure (LI+BFR)), then a high‐intensity bout (HI). To characterize the hemodynamic response, measures of cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate and blood pressure were taken at baseline and exercise for each bout. Exercising hemodynamics for leg‐press LI+BFR most often resembled those for HI and were greater than LI (e.g. for systolic blood pressure LI+BFR = 152 ± 3 mmHg; HI = 153 ± 3; LI = 143 ± 3 P < 0.05). However, exercising hemodynamics for treadmill LI+BFR most often resembled those for LI and were lower than HI (e.g. for systolic pressure LI+BFR = 124 ± 2 mmHg; LI = 123 ± 2; HI = 140 ± 3 P < 0.05). In conclusion, the hemodynamic response for light aerobic (walking) BFR exercise suggests this mode of BFR exercise may be preferential for chronic use to develop muscle size and strength, and other health benefits in certain clinical populations that are contraindicated to heavy‐load resistance exercise.
Dissipation of Energy in Tissues of Berry Fruit of Selected Plants Species under Cyclic Load Conditions
Authors: Bohdziewicz Jerzy , Czachor Gabriel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDissipation hypothesis of energy under cyclic loads conditions was used to characterize the behavior of berry fruit. The possibility of dissipation of energy as a result of plastic deformations (Dawidenkow hypothesis) or visco-elastic deformations (Voigt hypothesis) was considered. Tests of hysteresis of whole fruit squeezed among two rigid plates for various levels of load and with various speeds of deformation of samples for two directions of load application were conducted for verification of the usefulness of both hypotheses. The strength tests were preceded by the test of hysteresis, the mass and the geometry of fruit were determined additionally as well as conventional density and moisture was counted. A mutual relation of average values of the coefficients of elasticity ECwas accepted as the measure of dissipation of energy as a result of changes in the angle of inclination of the curve in the springy return phase. Voigt hypothesis was confirmed as useful within the range of small speeds of deformation and lack of usefulness of the Dawidenkow hypothesis was proved.
Present Trends in Research on Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Agricultural Engineering
Authors: Francik Sławomir , Ślipek Zbigniew , Frączek Jarosław , Knapczyk Adrian 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The objective of the paper was to carry out a bibliometric quantitative analysis of publications concerning the application of artificial neural networks in the research area - agriculture and a bibliometric quantitative analysis and subject analysis with regard to agricultural engineering. A number of scientific publications devoted to the ANN found in the data base of the Web of Science - in documents published to 2015 was a basis for the quantitative analysis. Research on the use of artificial neural networks in the research area - agriculture is extending systematically. Moreover, a rapidly growing number of citations prove a continuous increase in the scientists’ interest in possibilities of the ANN applications. The quantitative analysis of scientific publications in 5 selected scientific journals and thematically related to agricultural engineering (indexed in the Web of Science) allowed a statement that 236 scientific articles from 1996- 2015 were related to the ANN application. The biggest number of publications was reported in Computers and Electronics in Agriculture - 118 articles. In 2011-2015 there was a growing trend in dynamics of publishing of scientific papers devoted to the ANN application to agricultural engineering. Thus, we may assume that the research related to application of the artificial neural networks to agricultural engineering will be continued and their scope and number will be still growing. The thematic analysis of the most often quoted publications from 2011-2015 in the journal Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, proved that they concern both the issues related to the classification problem as well as to modelling processes and systems. We should suppose that the subjects related to modelling of drying processes and application of neural networks for image analysis will grow dynamically in the following years.
Impact of Pretreatment of Wheat Grain Using Infrared Radiation on Flour Falling Number
Authors: Kania Mariusz , Sagan Agnieszka , Blicharz-Kania Agata , Starek Agnieszka , Ślaska-Grzywna Beata , Bochniak Andrzej , Kubik-Komar Agnieszka , Krajewska Marta , Zdybel Beata 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The aim of the research was to determine how time of infrared radiation heating of grains influences the falling number of flour gained from wheat variety Waluta and spelled wheat variety Schwabenkorn. Moisture content was determined in the first stage of the study and it was 12% ± 1%. Then grain was moisturized to the moisture of: 14, 16 and 18%. Prepared material was subjected to infrared radiation heating at the temperature of 150°C for 30, 60, 90 and 120 seconds. The heated material was sent to milling, and the falling number was determined. It has been found that the infrared radiation heating of wheat grains prior to milling significantly affects the falling number of flour, which increases with the duration of heating grain.
Analysis of Parameters which Affect Regularity of Air Flow in Perforated Pipe
Authors: Kurpaska Sławomir , Latała Hubert , Baran Dariusz 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The paper presents the results of analysis which enable determination of the value of the pressure losses coefficients which occurred during air suction and flow through a perforated pipe. Knowledge on them is indispensable for determination of regularity of air suction along the considered pipe. Exiting the basic energy equation, firstly a local coefficient of pressure losses was determined and then the form of the relation for its determination in the function of independent variables was found out. In the second stage, the value of pressure losses caused by mutual crossing of two streams (axial stream and stream sucked by the side surface of a pipe) was determined. Also, for this coefficient, the form of the correlation equation including power relation between the independent variables was emphasised. The calculated values of the discussed coefficients from determined forms of correlation equations are satisfactorily compliant with the calculated values from the experiments which were carried out.
Economic Effectiveness of Straw Pellets Production
Authors: Kwaśniewski Dariusz , Kuboń Maciej 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The objective of the paper was to present straw pellets production technology and to determine their production costs. The paper presents also the cost structure and economic effectiveness of pellets production. Tests were carried out in EKO-BIOMASA company which produces pellets. It is located in Biechów in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Unit costs of pellets production were: 310.20 PLN ∙ t-1 for option 1, 285.40 PLN ∙ t-1 for option 2 and 278.90 PLN ∙ t-1 for option 3. The most favourable was option 3 when the pellet production was carried out on the technology line in the 3-shift system day and night. In all three variants of pellet production, the highest costs were in case of electric energy. Its participation in the cost structure in relation to the option was within 42% (option 3) and 38% (option 1). The obtained indicator of economic effectiveness for all the investigated options was higher than one.
Improvement of Harvesting Methods of Perennial Seed Grass
Authors: Perepravo Nikolaj , Zolotarev Vladimir , Ševcov Aleksej , Ahlamov Jurij , Otroško Sergej , Šarikov Nikolaj , Kosolapov Vladimir , Marczuk Andrzej , Caban Jacek 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In case of traditional harvesting methods the losses of perennial grass seeds may reach 45-50% of the biological yield in unfavourable weather conditions. The paper presents the results of comparative assessment efficiency of various methods of harvesting of perennial seed grass. It was found that the use of special devices and structures in combine harvesters allows increase of yield of technological mixture to the combine tank, degree of seed threshing to 93% and limit the losses of crop to 20-29%. Harvesting of seeds in non-waste technology with harvesting of the entire yield with later transport, drying, threshing and seeds cleaning in stationary devices results in reduction of losses by 5 to 10% but it leads to the increase of energy inputs by 24-25% in comparison to traditional with threshing method. Harvesting with a combing method of plant seeds on a trunk in „Невейки” technology results in the increase of the seeds harvesting to 86-98% of a biological yield.
Colouration of Apple cv. ‘Braeburn’ Grown Under Anti-Hail Nets in Croatia
Authors: Fruk Goran , Fruk Mladen , Vuković Marko , Buhin Josip , Jatoi Mushtaque Ahmed , Jemrić Tomislav 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Four anti-hail and anti-insect nets (red, white and yellow anti-hail and Stop Drosophila Normal) were used on apple cv. ‘Braeburn’ grown in northern Croatia in order to evaluate their effect on fruit colouration that was measured with the colorimeter (expressed as: L* – lightness, a* – yellow/blue b* – green/red) on two sides of fruit (“green” side and “red” side), and also they were used in order to evaluate their effect on the coloured surface percentage, apart from their anti-hail and pest damage protection properties. The fruits were harvested on 12th October 2015. Most differences were found between the fruit grown under the white anti-hail net and the fruit grown without the anti-hail net. Colour value “a*” was lower on the red side of the fruit under the white net in comparison with the red net. On the green side, “a*” value was lower and “L*” value was higher under the white net in comparison with control fruit. Different net colour had no influence on total colour difference. Regarding to the colouration, differences among the nets are found in classes 0–25% and 50–75% of skin coloured fruit. The fruit grown under the white nets had the higher percentage of fruit in class 0–25% than those grown without the net. The lower share of fruit in class 50–75% of skin colouration was recorded under the white net than under the red net or in the control fruit. Colouration index was lower in the fruit grown under the white net than in the control fruit. It can be concluded that the white anti-hail net promotes ripening, but at the same time it decreases red colouration. No significant differences in fruit colour have been found in the fruit grown under the red, yellow and Stop Drosophila Normal nets. Some accepted colour parameters such as a*/b* ratio are not appropriate for describing colour changes in ‘Braeburn’ apple in this study.
Effect of Orange and Cinnamon Oil on the Occurrence and Harmfulness of Thrips tabaci Lind on Onion – Preliminary Results
Authors: Pobożniak Maria , Grabowska Dominika , Olczyk Marta 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The aim of the present research work was to investigate the effect of orange and cinnamon oil on the occurrence and harmfulness of Thrips tabaci Lind on onion. In 2014, the nonchemical treatment was made with Prev-B2 (the concentration of 0.4%), which contains: 4.2% of orange oil, 2.1% of boron and product Canol 70% p/p exstract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum. In 2015, only Prev-B2 product was used. The standard sprayer was used and the treatments were done: twice in 2014 and three times in 2015. The thrips were collected directly from the leaves, using standard sweeping nets. The plants were examined to find the leave damages caused by feeding thrips. In 2014, Thrips tabaci was recorded from 11 June to 19 August, whereas in 2015 from 24 June to 4 August. Over two years of observations, the highest number of thrips was collected from onion growing on control plots (not treated with any preparation). Also, the mean percentage of areas damaged on the onion leaves was significantly higher on control plots than on plots treated with cinnamon oil in 2014 and orange oil in 2015.
Effect of Some Oenological Practices Applied Before the Alcoholic Fermentation on the Chemical Composition and Sensory Characteristics of White Wines
Authors: Yoncheva Tatyana , Haygarov Vanyo , Dimitrov Dimitar , Kóňová Elka 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The effect of the oenological practices, maceration and maceration with the addition of aromatic enzyme before the alcoholic fermentation on the composition, aromatic components and organoleptic profile of experimental wines from the local varieties Dimyat, Muscat Vrachanski and the newly-selected variety Plevenska Rosa was studied. The investigation was carried out during the period 2013–2014, with grapes and wine from the studied varieties grown in the soil and climatic conditions of the town of Pleven (Central Northern Bulgaria). The applied technological practices had increased the sugar-free extract and the total phenolic compounds content in the experimental samples. The highest rates for these indicators revealed the variants of Plevenska Rosa variety. The amount of esters and higher alcohols was greater in the wines obtained after maceration and maceration with the addition of aromatic enzyme in the grape must. The total esters concentration was the highest in the samples of the aromatic varieties Muscat Vrachanski and Plevenska Rosa. There was not observed a direct correlation between the applied oenological practices, enhancing the extraction and the aromatic components content in the experimental variants and their organoleptic profile.
Examination of BRT® Greenmoss, BRT® Evergreen and Fainsoil Bioactivator (FBA) in the Production of Tagetes patula L. ‘Csemő’
Authors: Tilly-Mándy Andrea , Radó-Takács Anna , Rab Z. , Honfi Péter 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Three kinds of recently developed plant growing media and organic fertilizers were studied separately or in combinations in Tagetes patula L. ‘Csemő’ production at the Szent István University, Budapest in 2014. Plant height and width; fresh weight and fresh/dry weight rate, chlorophyll content and peroxidase enzyme activity were detected. Highest and widest plants were obtained in BRT® GreenMoss, GreenMoss in combination with 10% BRT® Evergreen and in common growing mixture combined with 30% BRT® Evergreen in combination with Fainsoil Bioactivator treatment. All treatments increased fresh weight and chlorophyll content.
Susceptibility and pathological consequences of catla, Catla catla (Hamilton) experimentally infected with Edwardsiella tarda
Authors: Devi Thongam Bidya , Abraham T. Jawahar , Kamilya Dibyendu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe present study tested the susceptibility and pathological changes of catla, Catla catla (Hamilton) infected with Edwardsiella tarda (ET-PG-29). The bacterium was isolated from the kidney of a diseased pangas catfish. To determine the median lethal dose (LD50), C. catla were challenged with this bacterium (108-103CFU ml-1), and the LD50was calculated as 105.5CFU ml-1. Another set of healthy C. catla were injected intraperitoneally with the LD50dose to induce edwardsiellosis. The clinical signs of the infected C. catla were observed and recorded. Tissues such as kidney, liver, intestine, heart, and gill from the infected fish with clinical signs of edwardsiellosis were used for histopathology. The clinical and gross signs were first visible at 1 d post-injection, and the infected fish showed typical signs of hemorrhagic septicemia. The most striking histopathological features were found in the kidney which showed multi-focal necrosis with the formation of granuloma indicating an inflammatory response against the pathogen. The intestine displayed goblet cell hyperplasia, the liver showed hydropic degeneration with hyperemic central veins, and there was inflammation of gill lamellae and cardiac myositis associated with leucocyte infiltration. Collectively, the results confirmed the susceptibility of C. catla to E. tarda infection and that this bacterium is a threat to C. catla in aquaculture practices.
Change in the Content of Mobile Forms of Cu and Zn in the Leached Chernozem Under the Pyrogenic Effect
Authors: Devyatova T.A. , Gorbunova Yu.S. , Sorokina N.A. , Yablonskikh L.A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The forest fire effect on the leached chernozem results in the organic matter loss and the decrease in content of alkali-hydrolysed nitrogen compounds. The content of ash components as well as mobile forms of Cu and Zn in the topsoil has increased. It can be connected with the ashes appearing in the soil surface, which are rich in microelements.
Significant Correlations Dependence of High-Risk Chemical Elements in the Environment
Authors: Urminská Jana 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
With the development of industry, agriculture, exploitation of natural sources and with boom of settlement density, the environment is being affected by potentially toxic elements; the phenomenon is consequently reflected on human health. Cadmium is a high risk element for the whole environment. The aim of this research was to analyse and evaluate sediments of selected water reservoirs during the ten-year period in order to determine the concentrations of selected, potentially toxic elements. For statistical processing, the correlation coefficient by the Spearman method and the analysis of the index were used. Sediments are reliable indicators of environmental pollution. The analyses of the sediment samples were carried out by the flow electrochemistry and the atomic absorption spectrometry methods. The total concentration of Cd in sediments was up to 22.60 mg kg−1 of dry matter. pH/KCl was marked in the range from 5.6 to 7.2. From statistical processing of sediments data by Spearman, we determined the dependencies between Cd and the following elements: As, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn. The relations between Cd and the following elements: Pb, As and Cu were very highly positive.
Evolutions and equilibrium parameters of foam films from individual solutions of Bovine serum albumin, n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside and from their mixed solutions
Authors: Gerasimova Anelia Tsvetanova , Angarska Jana Кrumova , Tachev Krasimir Dimov 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The evolutions of thinning of films from individual solutions of BSA, C12G2 and from their mixed solutions with molar ratios 1:1, 1:7.5, 1:50 and 1:100 with pH = 4.9 were recorded by modified (with video camera) interferometric method. Based on them the stages through which the film goes from its formation to the equilibrium state were distinguished. It was shown that: (i) the difference between the kinetic of drainage of films stabilized by high and low molecular surfactants is drastic; (ii) only the change of the pH solution under or above isoelectric point strongly retards the film drainage; (iii) the transition of the kinetic of thinning of films from mixed solutions from a kinetic typical for high molecular substances towards a kinetic for low substances depends on the molar ratio between the components in the solution. From the picture of film corresponding to its equilibrium state the type of film was determined. From the analysis of this picture the equilibrium thickness and contact angle were calculated. It was found that the criterion for Newtonium black films (based on the values of film thickness and contact angle) is not directly applicable for films from protein solutions or mixed solutions with the participation of proteins.
Experimental studies on equilibrium adsorption isosteres and determination of the thermodynamic quantities of polar media on alumina Al2O3
Authors: Yonova Albena 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The present work is a revieif of theoretical and experimental study on the adsorption performance of the adsorbent Alumina (Al2O3) used in the adsorption system. An experimental investigation on the equilibrium adsorption isosteres at low pressure (< 1 atm) of working pairs Al2O3/H2O and Al2O3/C2H6O2 is carried out. The isovolume measurement method is adopted in the test setup to directly measure the saturated vapor pressures of working pairs at vapor-liquid equilibrium (dG=0 and dμi=0). Quantity adsorbed is determined from pressure, volume and temperature using gas law. The isosteric heat of adsorption is calculated from the slope of the plot of lnP versus 1/T different amounts of adsorbate onto adsorbent as follows: 0,01 vol% Al2O3/H2O; 0,03 vol% Al2O3/H2O; 0,1 vol% Al2O3/H2O; 0,01 vol% Al2O3/C2H6O2; 0,03 vol% Al2O3/C2H6O2; 0,1 vol% Al2O3/C2H6O2. This study shows that adsorption working pair Al2O3 C2H6O2 has better adsorption performances than those of the A2O3/H2O. Surface acidity! is a most important property! far both adsorption and catalysis and therefore is examined structure of active sites of alumina surface. Thermodynamic parameters such as isosteric heat of adsorption, isosteric enthalpy and entropy of adsorption are critical design variables in estimating the performance and predicting the mechanism of an adsorption process and are also one of the basic requirements for the characterization and optimization of an adsorption process