bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of bio-organic, conventional and nanofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of potato in cold steppe / Bioorganinių, tradicinių ir nanotrąšų poveikis bulvių augimui, derliui ir kokybei šaltojoje stepėje
Authors: Janmohammadi Mohsen , Pornour Nasim , Javanmard Abdollah , Sabaghnia Naser 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important crop in moderate to cold regions, producing high yields of nutritionally valuable food in the form of tubers. In the cold steppe of the North West of Iran, nutrient management is a crucial component for successful potato production. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different fertilizers on growth, phenological development, tuber yield and tuber qualitative characteristics in two potato cultivars (‘Agria’ and ‘Spirit’). Specific objectives were to assess the effects of nanofertilizers on potato. Fertilizer treatments included: T1 - control (no fertilizer application), T2 - N-P-K chemical bulk fertilizer, T3 - MOG enzymatic bio-fertilizer, T4 - nano-chelated calcium, T5 - nano-chelated zinc+boron and T6 - nano-chelated complete fertilizer. The results indicated that application of nano-chelated Zn+B, complete nanofertilizer and chemical bulk N-P-K significantly increased plant height, the number of stems, main stem diameter and the number of leaves, and also accelerated the row closure (canopy closure). Application of nanofertilizer noticeably decreased the number of days to the initiation of tuberization. The evaluation of tuber yield components revealed that the highest numbers of tuber per plant, mean tuber weight, tuber weight per plant and harvest index were obtained by application of complete nanofertilizer. Comparisons of the cultivars indicated that ‘Agria’ was more responsive than ‘Spirit’ to nutrient managements and showed a more acceptable performance. Nutrient managements significantly affected the qualitative characteristics of tuber; so that the highest dry matter, starch and protein content was recorded for plant grown by complete nanofertilizer. The results of the present experiment agreed with the conclusion that balanced plant nutrition through the efficient nanofertilizers can improve potato productivity. Maintaining soil fertility through an adequate, suitable and balanced nutrient supply is one of the key components for increasing potato production under irrigated condition in cold steppe.
Erigeron sumatrensis (Asteraceae), casual alien new to the Polish flora / Erigeron sumatrensis (Asteraceae) – nauja atsitiktinai patekusi svetimžemė Lenkijos floros rūšis
Authors: Pliszko Artur 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Erigeron sumatrensis is newly reported as casual alien in Poland. A single plant was found growing on the edge of the roadside in Głogoczów near Mogilany, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. The locality was mapped by using the ATPOL cartogram method, and the pathway of introduction by road transport was presented.
The English gerund revisited
Authors: Maekelberghe Charlotte 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper re-examines the semantics of Present-day English gerunds by analyzing their collocational preferences. While traditional approaches suggest that a semantic opposition between ‘actions’ and ‘facts’ determines the meaning as well as the distributional preferences of nominal (the signing of the contract) and verbal (signing the contract) gerunds, these claims have not been supported by quantitative evidence. At the same time, more recent studies which quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the meaning of gerunds from a referential perspective lack a distributional dimension. This study presents a semantic typology of the nouns and verbs that are attracted to nominal and verbal gerunds in noun and verb complementation structures by means of a distinctive collexeme analysis which has been applied to contextual collexemes. The analysis shows that, while nominal and verbal gerunds occur in clearly distinctive contexts, this distinction does not appear to be based on an action-fact dichotomy, but is rather determined by the more abstract features of conceptual (in)dependence and temporal flexibility. Finally, it is shown how these abstract semantic profiles can be filled in more concretely by specific contextual slots, thus arriving at a more fine-grained and dynamic perspective on the semantics of English gerunds.
Existence results for nonlinear fractional Dirichlet problems on the right side of the first eigenvalue
Authors: Cabada Alberto , Hamdi Zakaria 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we are interested in the study of the existence of solutions of a class of nonlinear fractional differential
equations coupled with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We make an exhaustive study of the sign of Green’s function related to the linear problem and obtain the exact values for which it has the constant sign on its whole square of definition. This constant sign is equivalent to the validity of anti-maximum principles. The existence of solutions is deduced from a recent fixed point theorem valid for operators defined on suitable cones of Banach spaces. Moreover, the method of lower and upper solutions is developed for the non-homogeneous Dirichlet problem.
Structural Study on Nano-crystals of Spinel Mgx-Zn1-X-Fe2O4 Ferrite with and without Calcination
Authors: Shafa M. , Naz M.Y. , Ahmad M.R. , Khan Y. , Ghaffar A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study investigated a series of single phase Mgx-Zn1-x-Fe2O4 spinel ferrites, prepared using co-precipitation technique and sintered at 600 °C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the ferrite samples revealed the formation of impurity free single phase spinel structures. The formation of ferrite phases and face centered cubic structures was confirmed at Bragg angles of 35.9°, 54.3° and 62.7°. The lattice parameter increased with an increase in ‘x’ content in the ferrite composition. The grain size, estimated from SEM micrographs, was found in the range of 0.5–2 mµ. The lattice parameter of the ferrite samples exhibited an initial increase upto a certain extent, thereafter suddenly dropped down due to fracturing and re-welding processes. Overall, the lattice parameter ‘a’ varied from 0.80 to 0.85 nm, crystallite size from 34 to 80 nm, unit cell volume from 0.528 × 10−21 to 0.62 × 10−21 cm3 and X-ray density from 5.8 to 4.5 g/cm3.
Experimental Study on Electrical Conductivity of FexO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 System at Various Oxygen Potentials
Authors: Liu Yan–Xiang , Liu Jun–Hao , Zhang Guo–Hua , Zhang Jian–Liang , Chou Kuo–Chih 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The electrical conductivity of Fe
x
O-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 slags was measured by a four terminal method. The results show that the temperature dependences of total, electronic and ionic conductivity for different compositions obey the Arrhenius law and all of them increase as increasing the temperature. For all the studied slags, as increasing CO/CO2 ratio which is used to controlled the oxygen potential, both the total electrical conductivity and electronic conductivity increase, but the ionic conductivity decreases. It was also found that the electronic transference number exhibits a strong correlation with oxygen potential, but is independent of temperature. Under the condition of constant FexO content, the higher the basicity of slags is, the higher the total electrical conductivity and ionic/electronic conductivity will be, which is resulted from the increase of free oxygen ion.
Effect of Construction Manner of Mould Cluster on Stray Grain Formation in Dummy Blade of DD6 Superalloy
Authors: Wang Runnan , Yan Xuewei , Li Zhonglin , Xu Qingyan , Liu Baicheng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA dummy blade of Ni-based single crystal (SX) superalloy was modelled to investigate the stray grain (SG) defect by both experiment and simulation. Three construction manners of mould cluster (CMMC) with 0°, 45° and 90° assembling angle were considered. The experimental results reveal a strong dependence of SG sensitivity upon CMMC. Profuse SGs took place in the case of 0°, but almost no one shown in those of 45° and 90°. The FEM simulation results indicate that SG occurrence is not only determined by critical nucleation undercooling, but also the geometrical characteristic, shape of liquidus isotherm and other three important effects (shadow effect, channel effect and dimension effect). The tendency of SG formation increases with the increase of number of these effects. By means of the combination effect consisting of the above three effects, SG occurrence can be qualitatively predicted and process window is more accurately modified.
The youth are coming. A new image of female and male nurses
Authors: Sobczak Marzena , Skuzińska Anna 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Aim. The aim of this research study was to determine the level of social competence of nursing students basing on the example of the first-year students of Elblag University of Humanities and Economy. Additionally, the aim was to find out why candidates choose nursing studies.
Material and methods. 217 nursing students starting their education at Elblag University of Humanities and Economy between the years 2013 and 2015 participated in the research. In order to conduct the research, the authors used a survey. The research tools included the questionnaires: the authors’ questionnaire, the questionnaire of empathy compiled by M. Kaźmierczak, M. Plopa, S. Retowski, and the questionnaire of assertive behaviour compiled by M. Sobczak basing on “Assertiveness Map” included in Maria Król-Fijewska’s book.
Results. Students of different years differ substantially as far as the level of empathy and assertiveness is concerned. People who have no nursing-related education show a much higher level of assertiveness than the people who have a similar medical profession. The substantial statistical differences between the female and male students taking part in the research were observed as far as the subscales of the questionnaire of empathy is concerned. The most common reason for choosing the studies was the need to help other people, job security and a conscious choice of having another profession.
Conclusions. People who decide to study nursing do not fully reflect the contemporary image of a nurse. The various reasons for choosing that particular profession, different resources of social competence of those who enter the profession may make them perceive nursing and its problems in a different way from the one that is present nowadays. The issues of becoming familiar with the new image of Polish female and male nurses, the way in which they start their professional life become a challenge which may change the image of the profession itself.
Birthing school – patient’s assessment on the influence of classes on parturition
Authors: Wdowiak Artur , Bakalczuk Grzegorz , Dadej Elwira , Wdowiak Anita , Filip Michał , Wdowiak Edyta , Lewicka Magdalena , Sulima Magdalena 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Pregnancy is a woman’s physiological state, covering the period from conception to birth. It is an important time in the life of every woman and the child’s father. Often, the parents-to-be find the new situation difficult. Childbirth classes may prove helpful during pregnancy and childbirth for mothers and fathers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of antenatal classes on parturition, according to the assessment of patients. The study was conducted at the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Provincial Specialist University Hospital in Lublin at the maternity ward on a group of 155 patients by means of diagnostic survey. The survey, by which the research material was collected, has been developed with the author’s own method. It has been shown that education and age of the participants influence the decision to use the services of childbirth education classes. Furthermore, the knowledge of breathing techniques, the use of birthing facilities, development of a plan for parturition and knowledge of methods of pain relief of childbirth have no impact on its duration. It was also shown that it is important to use relevant childbirth positions.
The care of a patient with cardiovascular disorders - a case study based on ICNP®
Authors: Grabowska Hanna , Katanowska Magdalena 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases still remain the chief life-threatening condition in Poland. They are one of the main causes of sickness absences at work, as well as reasons for hospitalization and disabilities. The professionals responsible for providing nursing services to people suffering from cardiovascular diseases should take into account the activities addressing all spheres of patient’s life. Most attention should be paid to preventing complications, as well as interventions enabling both the patients to perform selfmonitoring and self-care and their relatives to provide unprofessional care.
Aim. The aim of this work was to formulate a nursing care plan for a patient suffering from cardiovascular diseases, using the International Classification for Nursing Practice.
Material and methods. For the purpose of this article, an individual case study method and literature analysis were used. The research was conducted in November 2015 at the Clinic of Hypertension and Diabetes of the University Clinical Centre at the Medical University of Gdańsk. Written consents were obtained from every patient.
Results. In the process of providing nursing care to the patients, phrases describing “ready” diagnoses and nursing interventions included in the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®) were used. The care plans included the following nursing diagnoses: impaired cardiovascular system, altered blood pressure, pain, functional dyspnea, peripheral edema, impaired sleep, risk of infection, obesity, lack of knowledge about the disease/ poor self-control.
Conclusions. The plan of nursing care for patients with cardiovascular diseases was based on the ICNP® reference terminology that fully reflects the key problems of the patient and the scope of interventions made by nurses.
Optimal Design and Numerical Simulation on Fish-Like Flexible Hydrofoil Propeller
Authors: Xue Gang , Liu Yanjun , Zhang Muqun , Zhang Wei , Zhang Jian , Luo Huaqing , Jia Rui 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Hydrofoil is widely used in underwater vehicle for the excellent hydrodynamic characteristics. Currently, researches are mostly about the rigid hydrofoil while the flexible hydrofoil, like the caudal fin, has not been studied adequately. In this paper, the fish was regarded as the bionic object. Then the kinematics model to describe the fish swimming was put forward. A fin-peduncle propulsion mechanism was designed based on the kinematics model to achieve the similar sine curve swimming model. The propulsion mechanism was optimized by Matlab to reduce the deviation between the output curve of the fin-peduncle propulsion mechanism and the ideal motion trajectory. Moreover, the motion phase angles among flexible articulations are optimized to reduce fluid resistance and improve propulsive efficiency. Finally, the fish-like hydrofoil oscillation is simulated by fluid-solid coupling method based on the Fluent. It was shown that the optimized flexible fish-like oscillation could generate the motion that follows the similar law of sine. The propulsive efficiency of oscillating hydrofoil propeller is much higher than that of the screw propeller, and the flexible oscillation has higher propulsive efficiency than the rigid oscillation without obvious fluid resistance increase.
Operation Evaluation Method for Marine Turbine Combustion Engines in Terms of Energetics
Authors: Dzida Marek , Girtler Jerzy 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn evaluation proposal (quantitative determination) of any combustion turbine engine operation has been presented, wherein the impact energy occurs at a given time due to Energy conversion. The fact has been taken into account that in this type of internal combustion engines the energy conversion occurs first in the combustion chambers and in the spaces between the blade of the turbine engine. It was assumed that in the combustion chambers occurs a conversion of chemical energy contained in the fuel-air mixture to the internal energy of the produced exhaust gases. This form of energy conversion has been called heat. It was also assumed that in the spaces between the blades of the rotor turbine, a replacement occurs of part of the internal energy of the exhaust gas, which is their thermal energy into kinetic energy conversion of its rotation. This form of energy conversion has been called the work. Operation of the combustion engine has been thus interpreted as a transmission of power receivers in a predetermined time when there the processing and transfer in the form (means) of work and heat occurs. Valuing the operation of this type of internal combustion engines, proposed by the authors of this article, is to determine their operation using physical size, which has a numerical value and a unit of measurement called joule-second [joule x second]. Operation of the combustion turbine engine resulting in the performance of the turbine rotor work has been presented, taking into account the fact that the impeller shaft is connected to the receiver, which may be a generator (in the case of one-shaft engine) or a propeller of the ship (in the case of two or three shaft engine).
3-D Simulation of Vertical-Axial Tidal Current Turbine
Authors: Zhiyang Zhang , Yong Ma , Jin Jiang , Weixing Liu , Qingwei Ma 
Published: January 2017

AbstractVertical-axial tidal current turbine is the key for the energy converter, which has the advantages of simple structure, adaptability to flow and uncomplex convection device. It has become the hot point for research and application recently. At present, the study on the hydrodynamic performance of vertical-axial tidal current turbine is almost on 2-D numerical simulation, without the consideration of 3-D effect. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method and blade optimal control technique are used to improve accuracy in the prediction of tidal current turbine hydrodynamic performance. Numerical simulation of vertical-axial tidal current turbine is validated. Fixed and variable deflection angle turbine are comparatively studied to analysis the influence of 3-D effect and the character of fluid field and pressure field. The method, put the plate on the end of blade, of reduce the energy loss caused by 3-D effect is proposed. The 3-D CFD numerical model of vertical-axial tidal current turbine hydrodynamic performance in this study may provide theoretical, methodical and technical reference for the optimal design of turbine.
On Power Stream in Motor or Drive System
Authors: Paszota Zygmunt 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In a motor or a drive system the quantity of power increases in the direction opposite to the direction of power flow. Energy losses and energy efficiency of a motor or drive system must be presented as functions of physical quantities independent of losses. Such quantities are speed and load. But the picture of power stream in a motor or drive system is presented in the literature in the form of traditional Sankey diagram of power decrease in the direction of power flow. The paper refers to Matthew H. Sankey’s diagram in his paper „The Thermal Efficiency of Steam Engines“ of 1898. Presented is also a diagram of power increase in the direction opposite to the direction of power flow. The diagram, replacing the Sankey’s diagram, opens a new prospect for research into power of energy losses and efficiency of motors and drive systems.
A Method for Determining the Usability Potential of Ship Steam Boilers
Authors: Muślewski Łukasz , Pająk Michał , Landowski Bogdan , Żółtowski Bogdan Żół 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Ship large-power steam boiler may serve as an example of complex critical technical system. A basis for rational control of operation of such system is knowledge on its capability of fulfilling the tasks to which it was intended. In order to make it possible to apply computer aiding to operational decision-making the capability should be described analytically. In this paper it was proposed to express the capability of ship steam boiler ( considered a complex system) to perform service tasks, by calculating components of its usability potential in a given instant t. To this end , was distinguished a set of steam boiler fundamental features which formulate space of its technical states. Values and characteristic intervals of the features were defined and this way sub-spaces of serviceability and non-serviceability states of the object in question were determined. Next, in the considered space, technical state of the boiler and its usability potential was determined. Owing to this it become possible to quantitatively express the steam boiler functioning capability which served as a basis for elaborating an algorithm for controlling the operational processes of a complex technical system under action. In this paper is also described a way of application of the presented method to calculation of ship steam boiler usability potential, which may be especially instrumental in the case of operational control of the boilers of the kind , equipped with interstage reheaters, i.e. those operating with high values of operational parameters.
Experimental and Mathematical Investigations on Unconfined Compressive Behaviour of Costal Soft Soil under Complicated Freezing Processes
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Na , Zhang Fang , Zhou Aizhao , Chi Snow 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In order to properly understand the effect of freezing-thawing circle (FTC) to mechanical behavior of costal soft soil (CSS), unconfined compressive test is conducted. Six kind FTC times are designed from zero to five. The tested data show that: (1) unconfined compressive strength of CCS decreases nonlinearly with more FTC, and the strength after five FTC times becomes about 22% of its original strength without any freezing-thawing experience; (2) stress-strain curves of all unconfined compressive samples can be well fitted by three-parameter hyperbolic model; (3) and relationship between two parameters and FTC times can be fitted by exponent function, while another parameter can be considered as 0.95. Consequently, one composite hyperbolic- exponent empirical formula is established in order to describe freezing-thawing-dependent stress-strain behavior of CSS. Finally, good agreements have been found between tested data and simulated results.
Experimental Method for Plotting S-N Curve with a Small Number of Specimens
Authors: Strzelecki Przemysław , Sempruch Janusz 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The study presents two approaches to plotting an S-N curve based on the experimental results. The first approach is commonly used by researchers and presented in detail in many studies and standard documents. The model uses a linear regression whose parameters are estimated by using the least squares method. A staircase method is used for an unlimited fatigue life criterion. The second model combines the S-N curve defined as a straight line and the record of random occurrence of the fatigue limit. A maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the S-N curve parameters. Fatigue data for C45+C steel obtained in the torsional bending test were used to compare the estimated S-N curves. For pseudo-random numbers generated by using the Mersenne Twister algorithm, the estimated S-N curve for 10 experimental results plotted by using the second model, estimates the fatigue life in the scatter band of the factor 3. The result gives good approximation, especially regarding the time required to plot the S-N curve.