bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combating Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with Moringa-Synthesized Silica Nanoparticles and Its Combination with Some Insecticides
Authors: Abd-Elnabi Amany D. , Badawy Mohamed E. I. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a major agricultural pest known for developing resistance to insecticides. This study investigated a novel approach to manage FAW by silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) synthesized from eco-friendly leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae). This green synthesis method offers a sustainable and potentially safer alternative to traditional chemical processes. SiNP formation was confirmed by various techniques: UV–visible spectrophotometer, X-ray spectroscopy with energy-dispersive (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The effectiveness of SiNPs alone and their combination with three common insecticides (emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, and chlorpyrifos) were evaluated against third instar larvae of fall armyworm. While SiNPs after 24 h by leaf dipping method recorded limited insecticidal activity (LC50 = 9947.59 mg/L), it significantly enhanced the potency of all three insecticides. Combining SiNPs with emamectin benzoate resulted in the most dramatic increase in effectiveness compared to the insecticide alone with LC50 = 0.295 mg/L and 0.42 mg/L, respectively. This research suggests that moringa extract can be a valuable resource for the green synthesis of nanoparticles potentially useful in pest control. This approach could potentially reduce the amount of insecticide needed for effective pest control, leading to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practice.
Plattformökosysteme und Presseerzeugnisse
Authors: Dewenter Ralf , Rösch Jürgen 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungPlattformökosysteme basieren typischerweise auf Plattformen, die mithilfe von Diensten und Inhalten die Aufmerksamkeit der Nutzer attrahieren, um diese dann den Werbekunden zu vermitteln. Oftmals werden die entsprechenden Inhalte jedoch nicht selbsterstellt, sondern vielmehr wie z. B. bei Presseerzeugnissen von Drittanbietern verlinkt. Die Verwertung der Inhalte erschöpft sich jedoch nicht auf eine Werbefinanzierung, sondern geht weit darüber hinaus. Im Rahmen einer sog. Envelopment-Strategie können damit z. B. Daten generiert, neue Angebote geschaffen und bestehende verbessert werden. Auch hilft es den Plattformen, Nutzer zu binden und länger im Ökosystem zu halten. Auf diese Weise lässt sich eine Wertsteigerung des Ökosystems herbeiführen, die jedoch nur schwer zu bemessen ist. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Monetarisierung externer Inhalte am Beispiel der Presserzeugnisse.
Encoder embedding for general graph and node classification
Authors: Shen Cencheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGraph encoder embedding, a recent technique for graph data, offers speed and scalability in producing vertex-level representations from binary graphs. In this paper, we extend the applicability of this method to a general graph model, which includes weighted graphs, distance matrices, and kernel matrices. We prove that the encoder embedding satisfies the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem on a per-observation basis. Under certain condition, it achieves asymptotic normality on a per-class basis, enabling optimal classification through discriminant analysis. These theoretical findings are validated through a series of experiments involving weighted graphs, as well as text and image data transformed into general graph representations using appropriate distance metrics.
Generalized Cesàro operators in the disc algebra and in Hardy spaces
Authors: Albanese Angela A. , Bonet José , Ricker Werner J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Generalized Cesàro operators

$$C_t$$

C
t

, for

$$t\in [0,1)$$

t
∈
[
0
,
1
)

, are investigated when they act on the disc algebra

$$A({\mathbb {D}})$$

A
(
D
)

and on the Hardy spaces

$$H^p$$

H
p

, for

$$1\le p \le \infty $$

1
≤
p
≤
∞

. We study the continuity, compactness, spectrum and point spectrum of

$$C_t$$

C
t

as well as their linear dynamics and mean ergodicity on these spaces.
Teaching Grassroots Health Law, Policy and Advocacy: Service and Collaborative Learning
Authors: Watson Sidney D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis column describes the history, mission, and work of Saint Louis University School of Law’s service-learning course Health Law, Policy and Advocacy: Grassroots Advocacy. Grassroots Advocacy allows law students to work with advocacy organizations on state and federal health policy initiatives, engaging in legislative and administrative advocacy and public education. The course uses community collaboration, community-led advocacy, and collaborative learning to train the next generation of health policy advocates for Missouri and the nation.
Teaching Structural Competency in Law School: Interdisciplinary Inspiration from Medical Legal Partnerships and Health-Related Disciplines to Meet ABA Standard 303(c)
Authors: Davis Sarah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLaw Schools are now required to provide education to law students on bias, cross-cultural competency, and racism under ABA Standard 303(c). Law clinics, with their social justice orientation, have long taught about structural causes of bias and oppression and ways to intervene at system levels to prevent problems. Medical legal partnership (MLP) clinics have done so by employing concepts from social work and health science programs on structural competency. This article examines MLP and related curriculum to meet the ABA mandate.
ON THE LOWEST ZERO OF THE DEDEKIND ZETA FUNCTION
Authors: KALA SUSHANT 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Let

$\zeta _K(s)$

denote the Dedekind zeta-function associated to a number field K. We give an effective upper bound for the height of the first nontrivial zero other than

$1/2$

of

$\zeta _K(s)$

under the generalised Riemann hypothesis. This is a refinement of the earlier bound obtained by Sami [‘Majoration du premier zéro de la fonction zêta de Dedekind’, Acta Arith.99(1) (2000), 61–65].
Deep neck space infections: a UK centre, two-year, retrospective review of 53 cases
Authors: Charlton Alexander , Simon Raul , Shanthakunalan Karthika , Simons Anthony 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective study comprehensively assesses clinical characteristics, management, outcomes, and complications of deep neck space infections in adults at a UK ear, nose and throat tertiary centre.MethodsAdult deep neck space infection patients from April 2019 to March 2021 were retrospectively reviewed using health records and picture archiving and communication system data. Demographics, presentation, microbiology, treatment, complications, and outcomes were analysed.ResultsFifty-three patients (mean age: 53.8 years, M:F ratio 1.5:1) were studied. Deep neck space infections were polymicrobial in 29.4 per cent, with Streptococcus milleri group (64.7 per cent) occurring most frequently. Complications occurred in 20.8 per cent, including mediastinitis (13.2 per cent) and Lemierre's syndrome (7.5 per cent). Mortality was 5.7 per cent. Treatment included intensive care admission (32.1 per cent), tracheostomy (15.1 per cent), medical management alone (39.6 per cent), bedside peritonsillar abscess drainage (18.9 per cent), transcervical drainage (28.3 per cent), transoral drainage (13.2 per cent), and hot tonsillectomy (5.7 per cent). Patient age correlated with length of stay.ConclusionThe study highlights deep neck space infection complexity, emphasising tailored management, effective antibiotics, and frequency and severity of complications. Comprehensive understanding of deep neck space infections can improve care and outcomes.
A matched pair analysis of outcomes after stapler-assisted pharyngeal closure following laryngectomy
Authors: Paulose Antony Abraham , Michael Rajiv Charles , Ramalingam Natarajan , Riju Jeyashanth , Gowri S Mahasampath , Abraham Lisa , Johns L Jino , Mathew Manu , Thomas Meera , Irodi Aparna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To compare perioperative and oncological outcomes between stapler and manual closure in patients undergoing total laryngectomy for advanced endolaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods
Patients with advanced endolaryngeal tumours operated between July 2017 and July 2023 were retrospectively dichotomised into stapler closure and manual closure cohorts and compared.

Results
Seventy-one patients with a median age of 57 years were included in our study. The median surgical duration was 270 minutes for the manual closure cohort and 245 minutes for the stapler closure cohort. The pharyngo-cutaneous salivary fistula rate was 6 per cent less in the stapler closure cohort. The estimated mean survival was not significantly different 54.5 months (95 per cent, confidence interval 46.3–62.71) in the manual closure cohort versus 28.12 months (95 per cent, confidence interval 23.6–32.63) in the stapler closure cohort (p = 0.79).

Conclusion
Stapler closure can be used in endolaryngeal tumours, and it reduces operating time, thus facilitating efficient utilisation of operation time with non-inferior oncological outcomes as compared to traditional manual closure.
Serum calcium relative decline as a predictor of post thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia
Authors: Al Maawali Hamed , Al Badaai Yahya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the value of corrected calcium decline at 6 hours as a predictor of hypocalcaemia post total thyroidectomy by comparing it to the currently widely used intact parathyroid hormone.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy from January 2016 to February 2020. Serum intact parathyroid hormone and corrected calcium data pre-operatively and 6 hours post-operatively were obtained. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare corrected calcium decline at 6 hours versus 6 hours for relative intact parathyroid hormone decline as predictors of hypocalcaemia, and the area under the curve for each metric was reported.

Results
Patients included in this analysis totalled 209. The receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that corrected calcium decline at 6 hours has a similar predictive value to 6 hours relative intact parathyroid hormone. The areas under the curves for predicting hypocalcaemia were 0.797 for corrected calcium decline at 6 hours and 0.737 for 6 hours relative intact parathyroid hormone, but the difference (0.06) was not statistically significant.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that corrected calcium decline at 6 hours has a similar predictive value to 6 hours relative intact parathyroid hormone and hence has the potential to predict post-operative hypocalcaemia.
San Martín's accurate longitude measurements on Magellan's circumnavigation: luck or mastery?
Authors: Gaspar Romeu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
During the 1519–1522 Magellan expedition, the astronomer Andrés de San Martín made two remarkably accurate longitude measurements, an order of magnitude better than what was typical for the 16th century. How he managed to do so remained shrouded in mystery for the past 500 years. Using modern ephemerides, we have retraced San Martín's observations and calculated their error signatures, clarifying the method he used (a simplified version of lunar distances) and why two out of his six measurements were accurate (a rather fortuitous cancellation of errors). It would be rash to dismiss San Martín's work as sheer luck though, as he was an exceedingly rare combination of a capable astronomer and a knowledgeable mariner.
Are ideological and partisan affinities determining voters’ support of arms deliveries? Insights from a large-scale survey experiment in France and Germany
Authors: Rudolph Lukas , Thurner Paul W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine raised for many parties the question of how to position themselves in view of urgently requested arms deliveries. Since, the topic of arms trade, which has hitherto rarely been addressed, has become a heavily politicized and divisive issue and partly even polarized public opinion. A major prerequisite for parties’ position-taking is to anticipate how voters react to such arms transfers and, more specifically, whether their respective attitudes are structured along the predominant left-right axis. Based on a large-scale survey experiment with French and German voters ($N = 6617$) in the year before the Russian invasion, we are able to focus on the relationship between ideological predispositions, vote intentions, and issue attitudes in a non-politicized period. Using both vignette and conjoint experiments, we demonstrate that voters’ attitudes on military transfers can be subsumed remarkably well under the left-right scale. Differentiating the impact of normative and economic considerations, the former is stronger among the left, while the latter also affects the attitudes of rightist citizens. However, normative considerations are the most important concern along the whole political spectrum. The turn of the German Green Party in 2022 to assist countries that are being aggressively attacked (because of the Responsibility to Protect), was not reflected in our data.
Legislative communication and power: measuring leadership in the U.S. House of Representatives from social media data
Authors: Ebanks Daniel , Yan Hao , Alvarez R. Michael , Das Sanmay , Sinclair Betsy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractControl over the legislative messaging agenda has important political, electoral and policy consequences. Existing models of congressional agenda-setting suggest that national polarization drives the agenda. At the same time, models of home style and formal models of leadership hypothesize that legislators shift their messaging as they balance coordination and information problems. We say the coordination problem dominates when conditions incentivize legislators to agree on the same message rather than fail to reach consensus. Conversely, the information problem is said to dominate in circumstances where legislators prefer to say nothing at all rather than reach consensus on the wrong political message. Formal theories predict that when coordination problems are pressing, legislative members follow the policy positions of party leaders. When their party’s information problem is acute, party members instead rely on the wisdom of the caucus to set the party’s agenda. To test these theories, we analyze the Twitter accounts of U.S. House members with a Joint Sentiment Topic model, generating a new understanding of House leadership power. Our analyses reveal complex leader-follower relationships. Party leaders possess the power to substantially affect the propensity of rank-and-file members to discuss topics, especially when the coordination problem dominates; these effects are pronounced even when coordination problems are pressing. That said, when the underlying politics are unclear, rank-and-file members exert influence on the discussion of a topic because the information problem is more acute. At the same time and for these uncertain topics, leadership influence decreases, consistent with theory. We show these results are robust to the underlying dynamics of contemporary political discussion and context, including leading explanations for party leadership power, such as national polarization.
Adaptive teaching: Latin and the use of digital parsing tools
Authors: Coe Rebecca , Cope Emma , Hunt Steven 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Initial Teacher Training (ITT) Common Core Framework (CCF) requires all teachers to adapt classroom teaching to support all students (Department for Education, 2024). While the Department for Education's previously-encouraged concept of ‘differentiation’ was well-intentioned, in that tasks were meant to be graded to support and develop all students' learning in a class where there were many different levels of prior attainment, it tended to mean that in practice in the classroom different tasks were often set to cater to the supposed different learning attributes of students. Differentiation has now been superseded by the concept of ‘adaptive teaching’. Adaptive teaching is characterised by teaching that takes account of the range in prior attainment of students and anticipates barriers to learning by providing resources or specific support so that they may all achieve the same intended outcomes. Classics teaching is often characterised by the reading of large amounts of text, both in the original languages of Latin or ancient Greek or in translation. Students in the Classics classroom contain a wide range of prior attainment, cultural experiences and may have barriers to learning, such as Special Educational Needs and Disabilities. This article presents findings of how the use of a blended language approach, involving the digital parsing tools in the Cambridge Latin Course and Suburani Latin course books, improved the quantity of translation of Latin achieved by students of mixed prior attainment and encouraged a more effective use of classroom time to develop deeper comprehension and understanding of the translated texts.
Feedbacks From Young Permafrost Carbon Remobilization to the Deglacial Methane Rise
Authors: Sabino M. , Gustafsson Ö. , Wild B. , Semiletov I. P. , Dudarev O. V. , Ingrosso G. , Tesi T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe abrupt warming events punctuating the Termination 1 (about 11.7–18 ka Before Present, BP) were marked by sharp rises in the concentration of atmospheric methane (CH4). The role of permafrost organic carbon (OC) in these rises is still debated, with studies based on top‐down measurements of radiocarbon (14C) content of CH4 trapped in ice cores suggesting minimum contributions from old and strongly 14C‐depleted permafrost OC. However, organic matter from permafrost can exhibit a continuum of 14C ages (contemporaneous to >50 ky). Here, we investigate the large‐scale permafrost remobilization at the Younger Dryas‐Preboreal transition (ca. 11.6 ka BP) using the sedimentary record deposited at the Lena River paleo‐outlet (Arctic Ocean) to reflect permafrost destabilization in this vast drainage basin. Terrestrial OC was isolated from sediments and characterized geochemically measuring δ13C, Δ14C, and lignin phenol molecular fossils. Results indicate massive remobilization of relatively young (about 2,600 years) permafrost OC from inland Siberia after abrupt warming triggered severe active layer deepening. Methane emissions from this young fraction of permafrost OC contributed to the deglacial CH4 rise. This study stresses that underestimating permafrost complexities may affect our comprehension of the deglacial permafrost OC‐climate feedback and helps understand how modern permafrost systems may react to rapid warming events, including enhanced CH4 emissions that would amplify anthropogenic climate change.
The Inter‐Hemispheric Oscillation of Atmospheric Mass on Synoptic Timescale in Boreal Winter and Its Association With Rossby Waves
Authors: Hu Yang , Guan Zhaoyong , Qiao Nian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe atmospheric circulation in the northern hemisphere interacts with that in the southern hemisphere mainly via lateral coupling and atmospheric mass exchanges across equator. Using the NCEP‐NCAR daily reanalysis over period 1979–2019, we examine the Inter‐Hemispheric Oscillation (IHO) on the synoptic timescale during boreal winter and its associations with Rossby waves by employing a 9‐day high‐pass filter and the time‐lag regression method. Our results demonstrate that the IHO exist in the surface air pressure anomalies on synoptic timescale which links to both the quasi‐stationary and migratory Rossby waves with large amplitudes in the mid‐ and high‐ latitudes from the troposphere up to the stratosphere. The synoptic‐IHO related quasi‐stationary waves appear mainly in zonal, roughly dominated by waves with wave‐number 1–7 at different latitudes. These waves disperse the wave energy eastward along westerly jet streams. On the other hand, the synoptic‐IHO related migratory Rossby waves are mainly observed in mid latitudes between 30°N–65°N and 30°S–60°S with stronger intensity in northern than in southern hemisphere. The phase speed of these waves is roughly estimated at about 9.5lon/d. The energy of intrinsic Rossby waves also propagates mainly eastward. The synoptic‐IHO has important impacts on surface air temperature via both the quasi‐stationary and migratory Rossby waves, inducing significant temperature changes over both Eurasian continent and North America as estimated from 40 winters. All the results are beneficial for us to better understand the IHO along with its interaction with Rossby waves and the formation mechanisms of cold weather and climate extremes during boreal winter.
Quantifying the Wind‐Induced Bias of Rainfall Measurements for the Thies CLIMA Optical Disdrometer
Authors: Chinchella E. , Cauteruccio A. , Lanza L. G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe wind‐induced bias of rainfall measurements obtained from non‐catching instruments is addressed in this work with reference to the Laser Precipitation Monitor (LPM) optical disdrometer manufactured by Thies CLIMA. A numerical simulation approach is adopted to quantify the expected bias, involving three different models with increasing complexity. Computational Fluid‐Dynamics simulation of the airflow field around the instrument with an embedded Lagrangian particle‐tracking module to obtain raindrop trajectories are performed by solving the Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier‐Stokes (URANS) equations and a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model. URANS‐uncoupled, LES‐uncoupled, and LES‐coupled approaches are tested to assess the impact of modeling the airflow turbulent fluctuations in detail. Due to the non‐radially symmetric external shape of the instrument, various combinations of the wind speed and direction are considered. Catch ratios for monodisperse rain are obtained as a function of the particle Reynolds number and the wind direction and fitted to obtain site‐independent curves to support application of the simulation results. Based on literature expressions to link the drop size distribution of real rainfall events with the rainfall intensity (which instead depend on the local rainfall climatology at the measurement site), sample collection efficiency curves are obtained from the catch ratios of monodisperse rain. The resulting adjustment curves allow rainfall measurements to be corrected using either a real‐time or post‐processing approach. However, at high wind speed and assuming that the wind blows parallel to the instrument sensing area, the instrument may fail to report precipitation altogether.