bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bromelain-decorated hybrid nanoparticles based on lactobionic acid-conjugated chitosan for in vitro anti-tumor study
Authors: Wei Bing , He Le , Wang Xin , Yan Guo Qing , Wang Jun , Tang Rupei 
Published: June 2017

In this work, lactobionic acid-modified chitosan (CLA) was chosen as an initial material to prepare tumor-targeted nanoparticles (CLA NPs). To improve the nanoparticles' tumor penetration ability, bromelain was then decorated on the surface of CLA NPs to give CLAB NPs. The micromorphology of CLA and CLAB NPs was observed by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The stability of CLA and CLAB NPs was then investigated at different pH values (4.0–9.0) and physiological environment by dynamic light scattering. Doxorubicin as a model drug was successfully encapsulated into these two nanoparticles and drug release profiles were also investigated at pH 5.5, 6.5 and 7.4, respectively. Cellular uptake and MTT results against HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells demonstrated that the LA-conjugated tumor-targeting NPs can be efficiently internalized into hepatoma carcinoma cells, leading to higher cytotoxicity than free doxorubicin. CLAB NPs show considerable cell cytotoxicity and are expected to improve the penetration ability and therapeutic effect in the subsequent in vivo studies.
How Are African Americans Currently Represented in Various Social Work Venues?
Authors: Briggs Harold E. , Holosko Michael J. , Banks Leon , Huggins-Hoyt Kimberly Y. , Parker Jessica 
Published: June 2017

Purpose: This study explored how African Americans are currently represented in social work journals, research, and schools. Method: Journal publication content and editorship, research methods and designs, and school mission statements and course titles were examined. Results: Only 14% of publications in the top 5 social work journals targeted African Americans as study subjects. The terms “African American” and “race” appeared in only 10% of mission statements of the top 50 ranked schools of social work and 20% of mission statements of the top 23 ranked historically African American colleges and university (HBCU) schools of social work and appeared in only six bachelor of social work and four master of social work course titles at HBCU social work schools. Only 2 of the top 16 U.S. social work journal editors were African American. Discussion: Across current social work venues, this study reveals that there has been minimal emphasis in research and pedagogy on race and African American–related matters.
The Experience of Patients During the Clinical Management Pathway of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms at a NHS Trust
Authors: Lee Regent , Jones Amy , Woodgate Felicity , Bellamkonda Kirthi , Killough Nicholas , Fulford-Smith Lucy , Hurst Katherine , Cassimjee Ismail , Handa Ashok 
Published: June 2017

Background: The epidemiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is changing. Outcomes for aortic surgery have improved. However, the accepted guideline for the management of AAAs has remained unchanged over the last 2 decades. We aimed to gain insight into the patients’ experience while they are managed under the traditional clinical pathway. Method: With the help of a patient focus group, we designed a survey to assess the patients’ perception of the disease and their experience during different stages of the AAA clinical care pathway (surveillance, perioperative care, postoperative follow-up). An invitation to participate in the survey was sent to all patients with AAA who were receiving care at the Oxford Regional Vascular Services Unit, part of the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust. Results: We received 194 responses from patients with AAA. One hundred seventy-seven were male, with a median age of 75 to 79 years. Just over a third had undergone surgery already, and the remaining 63% were either in surveillance or awaiting surgery. Their experience during the AAA management pathway was mostly positive. Of the issues that were most important to them in terms of their medical care, the provision of explanation and regularity of monitoring stood out as the most common considerations. Conclusion: Patients are generally satisfied with the care they received, but there is room for improvement. They have also highlighted key areas that are most important to them in terms of their medical care. These should guide the future direction for quality improvement and research.
Patient Perceptions of Physician Reimbursement for Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: Oellers Patrick , Kanoff Justin , Eliott Dean , Kim Leo A. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose: Despite an ongoing societal debate on health-care costs, little is known about how patients perceive their cost of care. Methods: Survey of patients (n = 30) who underwent vitrectomy for retinal detachment asking about estimated actual physician reimbursement and suggested reasonable physician reimbursement for their surgery. Results: Mean estimated actual fee was $6800, and mean reasonable suggested fee was $14 115. Hence, patients overestimated the actual fee of $1683 by a factor of 4 and suggested 8 times higher reimbursement to be reasonable. Conclusion: This is the first study investigating patient perceptions of physician reimbursement in retina surgery. Results demonstrate that patients drastically overestimate physician reimbursement for retinal detachment repair, and they value the work of their surgeon much higher than what current Medicare reimbursement reflects. This study should help spark a discussion about current health-care dollar allocation.
How neutrophils resist shear stress at blood vessel walls: molecular mechanisms, subcellular structures, and cell–cell interactions
Authors: Begandt Daniela , Thome Sarah , Sperandio Markus , Walzog Barbara 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Neutrophils are the first cells arriving at sites of tissue injury or infection to combat invading pathogens. Successful neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation highly depends on specific molecular mechanisms, fine-tuning the received information into signaling pathways and converting them into well-described recruitment steps. This review highlights the impact of vascular flow conditions on neutrophil recruitment and the multitude of mechanisms developed to enable this sophisticated process under wall shear stress conditions. The recruitment process underlies a complex interplay between adhesion and signaling molecules, as well as chemokines, in which neutrophils developed specific mechanisms to travel to sites of lesion in low and high shear stress conditions. Rolling, as the first step in the recruitment process, highly depends on endothelial selectins and their ligands on neutrophils, inducting of intracellular signaling and subsequently activating β2 integrins, enabling adhesion and postadhesion events. In addition, subcellular structures, such as microvilli, tethers, and slings allow the cell to arrest, even under high wall shear stress. Thereby, microvilli that are pulled out from the cell body form tethers that develop into slings upon their detachment from the substrate. In addition to the above-described primary capture, secondary capture of neutrophils via neutrophil–neutrophil or neutrophil–platelet interaction promotes the process of neutrophil recruitment to sites of lesion. Thus, precise mechanisms based on a complex molecular interplay, subcellular structures, and cell–cell interactions turn the delicate process of neutrophil trafficking during flow into a robust response allowing effective neutrophil accumulation at sites of injury.
Expansion and activation of granulocytic, myeloid-derived suppressor cells in childhood precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Liu Yu-feng , Chen Ying-ying , He Ying-yi , Wang Jia-yi , Yang Jian-ping , Zhong Shu-ling , Jiang Nan , Zhou Pan , Jiang Hua , Zhou Jie 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a B cell–derived, malignant disorder with the highest incidence among children. In addition to the genetic abnormality, a dysregulated immune system also has an important role in the pathogenesis of B-ALL. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent one of the key drivers in immune tolerance against tumor cells, including various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. The role of MDSCs in B-ALL remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that the granulocytic (G)-MDSC population was significantly elevated in both the peripheral blood and BM of patients with B-ALL, when compared with age-matched healthy controls. G-MDSCs levels correlated positively with clinical therapeutic responses and B-ALL disease prognostic markers, including minimal residual disease, and the frequencies of CD20+ and blast cells. The immunosuppressive function of B-ALL–derived G-MDSCs was mediated through the production of reactive oxygen species and required direct cell–cell contact, with the potential participation of STAT3 signaling. Overall, the results of our study support accumulation and activation of G-MDSCs as a novel mechanism of immune evasion of tumor cells in patients with B-ALL and may be a new therapeutic target.
Initiative, Incentives, and Soft Information
Authors: Liberti José María 
Published: June 2017

This paper examines how organizational form affects incentives inside a financial institution. Using unique organization-level data, I exploit a change to the hierarchical organization to test whether delegation of authority and reduction of oversight improve the provision of effort by loan officers. I find that empowering loan officers increases their effort in producing and using soft information in their lending decisions. Consistent with the incentive view of delegation, loan officers who receive more authority rely more on soft information relative to hard information in their decisions than those for whom authority is only partially or not delegated. The results shed light on the importance of organizational design for the production and use of soft information in financial institutions. This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Mainstage theatre and immigration: The long history of exclusion and recent attempts at diversification in Berlin and Vienna
Authors: Sievers Wiebke 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that mainstage theatre has largely remained closed to immigrants and their descendants who want to enter the cultural institution as actors, directors and playwrights. This was explained with persistent homogeneous national narratives, gatekeepers denying immigrants and their descendants access and cultural policies pushing them into niches. This article adds to this the dimension of theatre history to understand first, why mainstage theatre in the German-speaking countries has remained closed to the new diversity brought by migration and second, why diversification, when it finally arrived, was more successful in Berlin than in Vienna. I regard the intricate link between theatre and nation-building as underlying the long exclusion of immigrants and their descendants in the German-speaking context. Subsequently, I argue that the more flexible theatre structures and the recent turn towards including immigrants and their descendants in cultural policy-making in Berlin have facilitated the career of an artist whose main aim was to address the exclusionary structures of theatre. Due to the limited research on this topic, I cannot claim my observations to be representative, but they provide a matrix for an in-depth analysis in other contexts.
Purification and characterization of a novel α-glucosidase from an Antarctic yeast Dioszegia fristingensis isolate
Authors: Carrasco Mario , Alcaíno Jennifer , Cifuentes Víctor , Baeza Marcelo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStarch hydrolyzing enzymes, amylases, are important commercial enzymes used in several productive areas. A current tendency is to find amylases with high catalytic activity at 20-40°C, to generate products that work well at low temperatures, such as detergents, and for energy saving resources in industrial processes. In this work, an α-glucosidase secreted by the cold-adapted yeast Dioszegia fristingensis was purified and biochemically characterized. The effect of physicochemical parameters on the enzyme activity was evaluated. According to our results, the amylolytic enzyme secreted by D. fristingensis is a monomeric α-glucosidase of about 30 kDa that displayed the highest activity at 37-40°C and at pH 5.5-6.5,in the presence of 10 mM CaCl
Alma im Österreichischen Bibliothekenverbund: Werkstattbericht
Authors: Kann Bettina 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
2013 fiel im Österreichischen Bibliothekenverbund die Entscheidung, das Bibliothekssystem Aleph-500 durch ein neues, den gestiegenen Anforderungen vor allem in der Verwaltung elektronischer Medien besser entsprechendes System abzulösen. Aus dem Ausschreibungsverfahren ging Exlibris mit Alma als Sieger hervor. Mit Beginn 2016 startete das Projekt „Alma im Österreichischen Bibliothekenverbund“ mit dem Ziel, im März 2018 mit dem Verbundsystem und dreizehn Lokalsystemen produktiv zu gehen. Spezielle Herausforderungen des Umstiegs sind der gleichzeitige Wechsel des Datenformats von MAB-2 auf MARC-21, ein effizienter Parallelbetrieb zwischen Alma und Aleph und die Überführung der zentralen Dienstleistungen der OBVSG.
A Model about the Impact of Ability Grouping on Student Achievement
Authors: Kiss David 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper presents a small theoretical model to compare school systems that segregate students by ability (“tracking”) with comprehensive ones, which allow for mixing of differently skilled students into same classes. The outcomes of interest are the achievement levels of weaker and better students, and the average achievement of all students. In the model, the instructional pace is tailored to the skill distribution of a class, and higher-achieving peers are an additional source of learning. The results show that differences in both the share of high-achievers and degree of interaction between student types can explain the mixed (quasi-)experimental evidence on the effect of de-tracking on student achievement. As changes in peer quality affect good and weak students’ achievement in very different ways, the term “peer effect” should be used with caution.
A survey of bacterial, fungal and plant metabolites against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), the vector of yellow and dengue fevers and Zika virus
Authors: Masi Marco , Cimmino Alessio , Tabanca Nurhayat , Becnel James J. , Bloomquist Jeffrey R. , Evidente Antonio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAedes aegypti L. is the major vector of the arboviruses responsible for dengue fever, one of the most devastating human diseases. Some bacterial, fungal and plant metabolites belonging to different chemical subgroups, including Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, anthracenes, azoxymethoxytetrahydropyrans, cytochalasans, 2,5-diketopiperazines, isochromanones, naphthoquinones, organic small acids and their methyl esters, sterols and terpenes including sesquiterpenes and diterpenes, were tested for their larvicidal and adulticidal activity against Ae. aegypti. Out of 23 compounds tested, gliotoxin exhibited mosquitocidal activity in both bioassays with an LC50 value of 0.0257 ± 0.001 µg/µL against 1st instar Ae. aegypti and LD50 value of 2.79 ± 0.1197 µg/mosquito against adult female Ae. aegypti. 2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and cytochalasin A showed LC50 values of 0.0851 ± 0.0012 µg/µL and 0.0854 ± 0.0019 µg/µL, respectively, against Ae. aegypti larvae. In adult bioassays, fusaric acid (LD50= 0.8349 ± 0.0118 µg/mosquito), 3-nitropropionic acid (LD50 = 1.6641 ± 0.0494 µg/mosquito) and α-costic acid (LD50 = 2.547 ± 0.0835 µg/mosquito) exhibited adulticidal activity. Results from the current study confirm that compounds belonging to cytochalsin, diketopiperazine, naphthoquinone and low molecular weight organic acid groups are active and may stimulate further SAR investigations.
The IUPAC Gold Book
Authors: Chalk Stuart , McEwen Leah 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
As IUPAC approaches its 100th anniversary, it is important to re-evaluate the mode(s) in which it operates to sustainably support the standards that are vital to the chemical enterprise–chemical naming, chemical identification, and essential terms for commerce and the community. In addition, the importance of IUPAC’s underpinning of the digital representation of chemistry in the current ‘big data’ environment cannot be underestimated. Sustainable global support for the digital use of IUPAC assets is vital to the chemical sciences.
The Status of the IUPAC InChI Chemical Structure Standard
Authors: Boucher Ray , Heller Stephen , McNaught Alan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
For almost 100 years, IUPAC has been well known around the world for its efforts in standardizing nomenclature in chemistry. At the start of the present century, it became clear to all involved in chemical structure representation work that, with the extensive use of computers and electronic information in all aspects of chemistry and related sciences, an IUPAC standard was necessary. From this critical need, the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier—InChI—project was launched in cooperation with the US standards agency NIST. The result of this effort has been the development, maintenance, and expansion of capabilities of the open source nonproprietary International Chemical Identifier (InChI), first by NIST and now by the InChI Trust, a not-for-profit UK charity. Over 100 chemical information specialists and computational chemists volunteer to test the software before a public release; this optimal quality control by a world-wide user community has led to improvements to and releases of the software with very few problems. The reliance on input from many volunteers enables the project staff to be restricted to two part-time contractors, a project director and a programmer, thus minimizing the running costs of the Trust.
Couple stress theory of curved rods. 2-D, high order, Timoshenko’s and Euler-Bernoulli models
Authors: Zozulya V.V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNew models for plane curved rods based on linear couple stress theory of elasticity have been developed.2-D theory is developed from general 2-D equations of linear couple stress elasticity using a special curvilinear system of coordinates related to the middle line of the rod as well as special hypothesis based on assumptions that take into account the fact that the rod is thin. High order theory is based on the expansion of the equations of the theory of elasticity into Fourier series in terms of Legendre polynomials. First, stress and strain tensors, vectors of displacements and rotation along with body forces have been expanded into Fourier series in terms of Legendre polynomials with respect to a thickness coordinate.Thereby, all equations of elasticity including Hooke’s law have been transformed to the corresponding equations for Fourier coefficients. Then, in the same way as in the theory of elasticity, a system of differential equations in terms of displacements and boundary conditions for Fourier coefficients have been obtained. Timoshenko’s and Euler-Bernoulli theories are based on the classical hypothesis and the 2-D equations of linear couple stress theory of elasticity in a special curvilinear system. The obtained equations can be used to calculate stress-strain and to model thin walled structures in macro, micro and nano scales when taking into account couple stress and rotation effects.
Bending analysis of laminated SWCNT Reinforced functionally graded plate Using FEM
Authors: Chavan Shivaji G. , Lal Achchhe 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper presents bending characteristic of multi-layered carbon nanotube reinforced functionally graded composite plates. The finite element implementation of bending analysis of laminated composite plate via well-established higher order shear deformation theory(HSDT). A seven degree of freedom and C0 continuity finite element model using nine noded isoperimetric elements is developed for precise computation of ply-by-ply deflection and stresses of laminated Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Reinforced composite plate subjected to uniform transverse loading. The finite element implementation is carried out through a finite element code developed in MATLAB.The results obtained by present approach are compared with results available in the literatures. The effective material properties of the laminated SWCNTRC plate are used by Mori-Tanaka method.Numerical results have been obtained with different parameters, width-to-thickness ratio(a/h), stress distribution profile along thickness direction,different SWCNTRC-FG plate, boundary condition and various lamination schemes.
Immune-regulation and -functions of eicosanoid lipid mediators
Authors: Esser-von Bieren Julia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBioactive lipids regulate most physiological processes, from digestion to blood flow and from hemostasis to labor. Lipid mediators are also involved in multiple pathologies including cancer, autoimmunity or asthma. The pathological roles of lipid mediators are based on their intricate involvement in the immune system, which comprises source and target cells of these mediators. Based on their biosynthetic origin, bioactive lipids can be grouped into different classes [e.g. sphingolipids, formed from sphingosine or eicosanoids, formed from arachidonic acid (AA)]. Owing to the complexity of different mediator classes and the prominent immunological roles of eicosanoids, this review will focus solely on the immune-regulation of eicosanoids. Eicosanoids do not only control key immune responses (e.g. chemotaxis, antigen presentation, phagocytosis), but they are also subject to reciprocal control by the immune system. Particularly, key immunoregulatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IFN-γ shape the cellular eicosanoid profile, thus providing efficient feedback regulation between cytokine and eicosanoid networks. For the purpose of this review, I will first provide a short overview of the most important immunological functions of eicosanoids with a focus on prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs). Second, I will summarize the current knowledge on immunological factors that regulate eicosanoid production during infection and inflammation.
Deriving sonority from the structure, not the other way round: A Strict CV approach to consonant clusters
Authors: Carvalho Joaquim Brandão de 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper aims to show that sonority-based generalizations on consonant phonotactics should directly follow from representations, not from stipulations on representations such as the commonly accepted licensing or government statements. The basic reason for this is that the second approach is both arbitrary and circular, as it entails a variable ranking of alleged well-formedness principles, if we want to explain, for example, why TR clusters are either tautosyllabic or heterosyllabic depending on the language. I argue instead for a representational alternative assuming that (i) consonants and vowels are universally segregated, and (ii) involve two parallel CVCV sequences – one on the C-plane, the other on the V-plane – (iii) which may differ in length. It is shown how the major sonority categories, and thereby the phonotactic constraints based on these categories, naturally result from how the two CVCV sequences are synchronized if the one on the C-plane is longer than the one on the V-plane. It will also be seen how the proposed structures naturally account for several processes such as liquid metathesis and deletion, vowel epenthesis, plosive fricativization, etc., while providing a means for measuring the relative likelihood of some of them on the basis of representational markedness.