bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segmenting RFI Using Meta’s Segment Anything Model
Authors: Deal Derod , Jagannathan Preshanth 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), radio signals from electronics, permeates through astronomical observations using radio telescopes. The interference results in lower sensitivity and higher noise when present. Existing methods, such as TFCrop and RFlag, flag RFI to prevent the contamination of observations. However, these approaches are partially automatic and require manual input to flag RFI. We explore artificial intelligence methods using Meta’s Segment Anything Model (SAM) and its parameter space in segmenting RFI. We have developed an open-source pipeline called SamRFI, which segments and flags RFI from measurement sets. We trained SAM’s masking weights from Hugging Face to fine-tune the model using Very Large Array data and synthetic waterfall plots injected with RFI. We define a metric, calcquality, to measure the performance of our models based on sensitivity and overflagging. Retrained SAM models identify RFI structure and allow for further exploration in RFI segmentation.
Review and synthesis of best practices in governance and land-use policies to implement TEN-N
Authors: Bores Joana , Meyer Hildegard , Underwood Evelyn , Sirychenko Mila , Langhout Wouter , von Döhren Peer , Veríssimo Daniel , Horváth Balázs , Meganck Kenny , Blaga Alina , Ingvarsson Måns , Aubert Gabrielle , Herrero Barbara , Osti Matea , Puymartin Anouk 
Published: October 2024

The EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 aims to halt and reverse biodiversity loss besides other through the creation of the Trans-European Nature Network (TEN-N). This report, part of the NaturaConnect project, presents a comprehensive review of governance frameworks and land-use policies across European Union member states aimed at supporting the effective implementation of TEN-N. Using the Political Economy Analysis (PEA) framework, the report evaluates the economic, political, and social factors influencing policy reforms. It identifies key governance challenges such as weak regulations, unsustainable land use, and limited conflict management, alongside existing ecological connectivity frameworks. Data was gathered through literature reviews, interviews, surveys, and case studies from Finland, France, Portugal, Do&ntilde;ana in Spain, Halle-Leipzig in Germany, and countries in the Danube-Carpathian region.
Our findings reveal that while many countries have national strategies for ecological connectivity, legal gaps and poor implementation persist, impeding progress. However, successful practices from countries like Germany and Portugal offer governance models. Furthermore, the report highlights opportunities to strengthen ecological connectivity through improved public funding mechanisms, private financing, and targeted interventions for regulatory reform, stakeholder engagement, and sustainable land use.
This report provides valuable insights into the pathways of change and interventions necessary to enhance ecological connectivity and the role of Green and Blue Infrastructure in achieving biodiversity goals. The outcomes of this study are pivotal for shaping the future of European biodiversity conservation efforts and guiding the effective planning and governance of TEN-N.
The effect of table tennis combined with resistance training on the rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Liu Guochang , Zhu Xiaoyun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
The purpose of the study was to explore the influence of table tennis combined with resistance training on coronary heart disease (CHD) rehabilitation and to evaluate its potential in improving cardiopulmonary function, arterial stiffness, blood lipids, and psychological indicators in participants with CHD.

METHODS:
Seventy patients with confirmed CHD were chosen and randomly separated into two groups, 35 cases each. The test group performed table tennis combined with resistance training, and the reference group (RG) received standard resistance training as the control group. By comparing the differences in cardiopulmonary function, arterial stiffness, sleep and diet, psychological indicators, and blood lipids between the two groups of patients, the role of table tennis combined with resistance training in CHD rehabilitation was evaluated.

RESULTS:
Relative to the control group, participants in the table tennis exercise combined with the resistance training group had significant improvement in cardiopulmonary function (P < 0.05). In addition, table tennis combined with resistance training can reduce patients’ arterial stiffness, improve sleep and eating habits, and reduce blood lipid levels. Relative to the RG, the data possess the statistical significance (P < 0.05). Finally, the psychological quality of the two groups of patients was compared. The anxiety, depression, and confrontation ability of the patients in the test group were 7.15 ± 0.39, 7.03 ± 0.29, and 6.86 ± 0.46, respectively, which were superior to the RG. The comparison among the participants of data possesses the statistical significance (P < 0.005).

CONCLUSION:
The research results show that table tennis combined with resistance training possesses an essential influence on CHD rehabilitation. It can significantly enhance patients’ cardiopulmonary function, reduce arterial stiffness, improve sleeping and eating habits, reduce blood lipid levels, and improve psychological indicators. As a low-intensity aerobic exercise, table tennis possesses an essential influence on facilitating the recovery of patients with CHD and is worthy of further promotion and application in clinical practice.
Comparative Analysis of Tooth Measurements on Conventional and Digital Study Model – Validity Reliability Study
Authors: Sharma Disha , Thakur Gaurav , Gurung Deepak , Thakur Amrita 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy, consistency, and reproducibility of tooth measurements by comparing conventional dental cast models with their digital equivalents.

Materials and Methods:
The research sample consisted of 50 before-treatment, diagnostic, conventional cast models utilized for study and evaluation. Tooth measurements on the dental cast models were done using a digitized Vernier caliper (Precision, IP54). Three-dimensional (3D) model tooth measurements were obtained through scanning the conventional cast models using the Maestro 3D Dental Scanner (Italy). The comparison of validity and reliability between conventional and digital cast models was done through independent t-tests, Cronbach’s alpha test, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results:
The Independent t-test showed no statistically significant difference between conventional and digital cast models. Cronbach’s alpha test demonstrated high reliability between conventional and digital cast models, surpassing 0.9 in this study. Intraexaminer reliability (ICC) was nearly perfect agreement ranging from 0.82 to 0.99.

Conclusion:
The digital cast models exhibited user-friendly features and were shown to be a feasible substitute for conventional dental cast models, providing similar levels of accuracy and effectiveness. Consequently, the dental arch tooth measurements of digital cast models were equally accurate and consistent when compared to those obtained from conventional dental cast models.
Assessing Oral Health Literacy Levels among Children and Caregivers, Evaluating the Effectiveness of Oral Health Education Programs in Schools and Community Settings, and Identifying Areas for Improvement
Authors: Patel Nishita H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Oral health literacy among children and caregivers is crucial for promoting preventive dental care and reducing oral diseases. Effective oral health education programs play a vital role in enhancing oral health literacy and behaviors.

Objective:
This study aims to assess oral health literacy levels among children and caregivers, evaluate the effectiveness of oral health education programs in school and community settings, and identify areas for program improvement.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 500 participants including children aged 6–12 years and their caregivers. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, interviews, and program evaluation forms to assess knowledge, awareness, and program satisfaction.

Results:
Findings indicate varying levels of oral health literacy among children, with older children demonstrating higher knowledge and awareness compared to younger counterparts. The oral health education program received high satisfaction ratings, particularly for educational materials and interactive sessions, though areas for improvement such as practical demonstrations and parental involvement were identified.

Conclusion:
Effective oral health education programs are essential for improving oral health literacy among children and caregivers. Tailored educational strategies, enhanced practical demonstrations, and increased parental engagement are recommended to optimize program effectiveness and promote lifelong oral health behaviors.
Root resection of multirooted teeth with premolarization of mandibular molar for successful oral rehabilitation
Authors: Sachdeva Shivani , Saluja Harish 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Root resection procedures are indicated in the treatment of periodontal furcation involvement and root fractures in one of the roots of multirooted teeth. Their long-term prognosis is comparable to that of implants. The present article is a case report of root separation and removal of the mesial root along with crown in mandibular first molar which was successfully employed as a part of the oral rehabilitation procedure.
Prevalence of self-medication by parents for various oral health-related problems in their children – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nirmala SVSG , Kakollu Harsha Veena , Nuvvula Sivakumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Self-medication (SM) refers to taking medicine without consultation with a doctor or dentist and it is an important health issue. Drug utilization patterns in children is of great concern universally and has gained a lot of attention. With regard to pediatric patients, such practices are entirely under the control of the parent.

Aim:
This study aims to assess the prevalence of SM by parents for various oral health related problems of children below 15 years of age.

Materials and Methods:
An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted for 1 year at schools in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh. The study population included 323 parents of children aged up to 15 years. Data were collected from parents to record their sociodemographic information, prevalence of SM along with questions regarding the practice of SM. Fischer’s exact test was used to compare prevalence of SM with age, gender, education, and socioeconomic status (SES) of parent’s.

Results:
The prevalence of SM was 35% which was significantly influenced by the age of child and parent (P = 0.03), whereas nonsignificantly associated with parents gender (P = 0.502), educational level (P = 0.42), and SES (P = 0.137). Most common dental condition and reason for which SM was practiced is tooth pain (76.1%) and expensive dental treatment (39.8%), respectively.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of SM was low. SM practice is common in parents of age group ≥40 years and in children above 5 years.

Clinical Significance:
SM can cause unintentional self-harm. SM with antibiotics have been identified as one of the primary reasons for the evolution of antimicrobial resistance.
An algorithmic approach to arterial blood gas analysis for cardiologists
Authors: Prashant H. T. , Jain Peeyush , Agrawal Rajat 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An arterial blood gas (ABG) is a laboratory test to monitor the patient’s acid base balance. The body regulates pH closely to maintain homeostasis. This test is used to determine the magnitude of the compensation by the buffer system and includes the measurements of the acidity (pH), levels of oxygen, and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. Acid base disorders can lead to severe complications in many disease states. ABG interpretation is paramount in critically ill patients. Many methods already exist to guide the interpretation of the ABG. This article does not include methods such as analysis of base excess or Stewart’s strong ion difference. It is paramount for cardiologists to understand ABG interpretation to manage their patients effectively. Interpreting ABGs may seem complex, but a systematic approach is required to diagnose and treat disorders by quick and easy ABG interpretation.
Beyond the Surface: Investigating Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Dynamics in Knee Injuries: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Kumar Vineet , Mahapatra Swagat , Aggarwal Pankaj , Aslam Ammar Mohd. , Pandey Prabhat , Mishra Prakhar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context:
Orthopedic surgeons frequently encounter knee soft tissue injuries such as meniscal and ligament injuries. This study seeks to explore the diagnostic efficacy of clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and arthroscopy in identifying knee injuries.

Subjects and Methods:
This prospective observational study enrolled 120 patients with knee injuries slated for arthroscopic surgery based on clinical and MRI assessments. The study assessed and compared the diagnostic accuracy of clinical and MRI findings.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) for the Windows program (21.0 version). The Spearman correlation analysis was done to assess the relationship between the various parameters. The level of agreement was assessed using Cohen’s kappa statistics. Interpretation of kappa statistics is as follows: 0 to 0.20-Slight agreement; 0.1 to 0.39-Fair; 0.40 to 0.59-Moderate; 0.60 to 0.79- Substantial and 0.80 to 0.90-Almost perfect agreement. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated and observed by using 2 × 2 contingency table. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
When comparing MRI and arthroscopy findings, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear exhibited the highest sensitivity and specificity at 100.00% and 91.84%, respectively, while the medial meniscus tear had the lowest sensitivity and specificity at 80.23% and 61.76%. Regarding the comparison between clinical examination and arthroscopy, the Lachman test displayed the highest sensitivity at 95.92%, whereas McMurray’s test (Lateral Meniscus) had the lowest sensitivity at 54.55%, and the posterior Drawer’s test showed the lowest specificity at 60.00%. Lachman also demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy at 98.33%, while the posterior Drawer’s test had the lowest diagnostic accuracy at 70.00%.

Conclusions:
Despite a few limitations, clinical examination and MRI currently stand out as the most precise non-invasive methods for detecting abnormalities in the menisci and the ACL. These diagnostic approaches provide valuable insights into the structural integrity of these knee components, allowing for a comprehensive assessment without the need for invasive procedures.
Achievement of No Evidence of Disease Activity-3 with Oral Disease-Modifying Treatment in Patients with Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Alshamrani Foziah Jabbar Gossab , Zafar Azra , Alsawad Rahmah Majed , Yasawy Zakia , Shahid Rizwana , Nazish Saima , Shariff Erum , Soltan Nehad Mahmoud 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
There is scant data regarding the use of oral disease-modifying treatments (oDMT) in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (PwRRMS) from Saudi Arabia.

Objective:
This study aimed to identify the response rate to oDMT in PwRRMS compared to interferon (IFN) in terms of achieving no evidence of disease activity-3 (NEDA-3).

Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia and included all adult PwRRMS over a 2-year period who were on oDMTs or IFN for <1 year. The achievement of overall NEDA-3 and its components (namely, relapse, disability progression, and focal MRI activity) were assessed for each treatment.

Results:
A total of 231 patients were included for the analysis of NEDA-3 status, of which 78 (33.8%) were on oDMTs (namely, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, and fingolimod). NEDA-3 status was achieved in 51.3% (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.28–2.71) of patients on oDMTs and in 32% of patients on IFN (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58–0.89) (P < 0.001). Compared to the IFN group, the oDMT group had significantly lower rates of clinical relapse (P < 0.001), disability progression (P = 0.004), and new focal MRI activity (P = 0.01). Patients on dimethyl-fumarate had higher odds of achieving NEDA-3 (OR: 2.18, 95% CI = 1.09–4.34; P =0.02) compared with those on fingolimod (OR 2.15, 95% CI = 0.70–6.58; P =0.16) and teriflunomide (OR: 1.53, 95% CI = 0.81–2.91; P =0.18).

Conclusion:
More than half of the patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis on oral DMTs achieved NEDA-3 status in this study. Significant differences were observed in NEDA-3 status parameters and achievement between patients on oral DMTs and interferon, with the likeliness being highest among patients treated with dimethyl-fumarate.
Copy Number Variants in 30 Saudi Pediatric Patients with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: From Unknown Significance to Diagnosis
Authors: Alotibi Raniah Saleem , Al Eissa Mariam M. , Aloraini Taghrid , Nasser Khalidah Khalid , Al Shammari Muneera J. , Alqahtani Amerh S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Structural variants (SVs), such as copy number variants (CNVs), insertions, deletions, inversions, and translocations, contribute significantly to genetic diversity and disease etiology. CNVs, which involve the duplication or deletion of DNA segments, are particularly impactful on genes crucial for biological functions and disease processes.

Objective:
To reassess unclassified SVs that may be underlying unresolved neurodevelopmental disorders among Saudi patients.

Methodology:
In this retrospective study conducted at King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 30 probands with neurodevelopmental disorders and congenital malformations were examined using next-generation sequencing methods—exome sequencing, gene panels, or SNP arrays (the Illumina platform). Reclassification was aided by online tools such as VarSome and ClinVar, with pathogenicity assessments using the ClinGen CNV Pathogenicity Calculator based on American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria for CNV loss and gain, and dosage sensitivity.

Results:
A total of 31 CNVs were analyzed, of which 2 were reclassified: one as benign and the other as pathogenic. The pathogenic CNV, [3p13p12.3 (70411134_75249376) x1], included a deletion of the FOXP1 gene and was associated with an intellectual developmental disorder, language impairment, possible autistic features, psychomotor impairment, developmental regression, and epilepsy.

Conclusion:
This study underscores the importance of continuously documenting and revisiting unclassified CNVs in accessible databases to enhance the diagnosis and understanding of complex genotype–phenotype relationships. Reclassifying these CNVs not only accelerates diagnostic processes but also enriches our insight into their significant roles in health and disease.
Promoting mental well-being and resilience among older adults and their caregivers in Africa: Challenges and the way forward
Authors: Okoye Uzoma Odera 
Published: October 2024

And so, today, we're going to be looking at promoting mental well-being and resilience among older adults and their caregivers. We're going to address, you know, seven basic issues. We're going to try to define the concepts. We'll try to look at key issues about older adults and their caregivers. People will go, why caregiving? Why am I bringing in caregiving? Because that is what we know in Africa. It is what we do. That is how we take care of older adults. We give care. Then we'll also try to answer the question, why address mental well-being and resilience at this time? Why? Then we'll look at the problems. What are the problems that now impact on older adults that can bring about mental health issues? Then after that, we're going to look at the common mental health issues older adults have. How do we talk about them? Then we'll look at the strategies. We cannot just talk about challenges, barriers. What can we do? Because today you find that we can no longer call on government or call on people. We need to start doing something ourselves. Then we will conclude that is basically what we are, the business we have today. And so, we're going to start with defining some of the key terms. And we're going to look at older adults in this presentation, at persons who are 65 years and above. Persons who are 65 years and above in this presentation, we're going to regard as older adults. Then who are caregivers? Caregivers are individuals who provide paid or unpaid or informal care to older adults. Not all caregivers are paid. Many of them today are paid to provide care to older adults, while some are family members. So, these are the people we are going to talk about, the caregivers. Then when we talk about mental well-being, what do we mean by mental well-being? By mental well-being, we mean a combination of emotions, of all those issues that could make an older adult not to function very well or could make the caregiver not to function very well, not to have life satisfaction. That is what we mean. Issues that can affect their relationship, that can affect how they function in their day-to-day living. That's what we are going to mean whenever we talk about mental well-being in this presentation, just note that that is what we are talking about. Then we look at resilience. Here we're going to see resilience as the process or the outcome by which older adults and their caregivers successfully adapt to challenging life experiences.

HOW TO REFERENCE USING ASWDNET STYLE
Okoye U. O. (2024). Promoting mental well-being and resilience among older adults and their caregivers in Africa: Challenges and the way forward. Presentation during Wazee Day (Older Persons Day), 6 October 2023. African Journal of Social Work, 14(2), 140-148. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v14i3.5
Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net
Tree of Life Model and other Africa-centred interventions
Authors: Mlilo Ncazelo Ncube 
Published: October 2024

The Tree of Life is a four-part process which involves drawing trees and then there is a second part of the methodology which is about the Forest of Life. So, Tree of Life begins with inviting people to draw their tree. And each part of the tree represents something specific about their lives, their roots, where they come from, their history, their heritage, their ancestry, the ground where they live, who they live with, what they like to do when they’re at home, favourite places, favourite songs or dances. The trunk – the skills and their knowledges, the things they’re good at, the things that people tell them they’re good at. The leaves of their tree – most important people in their lives, people who care for them and support them. And then the branches – your hopes, your dreams for both the near and the distant future. And then the fruits are the gifts that you’ve received and that you’ve been given. And so, people are invited to come up with a tree and then they are supported to tell stories around these aspects of their lives by somebody who has been trained, who knows how to help them to thicken their stories, because we want people to stand firmly in the second stories of their lives and the alternative stories – the stories about your hopes, your dreams, your skills, the people that are important to you, your aspirations in your life.
HOW TO REFERENCE USING ASWDNET STYLE
Ncube-Mlilo N. (2024). Tree of Life Model and other Africa-centred interventions. African Journal of Social Work, 14(3), 149-154. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v14i3.6
Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net