bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding and Postnatal Depression
Authors: Mohamad Yusuff Aza Sherin , Tang Li , Binns Colin W. , Lee Andy H. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Postnatal depression is a disorder that can lead to serious consequences for both the mother and infant. Despite the extensively documented health benefits of breastfeeding, its association with postnatal depression remains uncertain. Objective: To investigate the relationship between full breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum and postnatal depressive symptoms among mothers in Sabah, Malaysia. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 2072 women was conducted in Sabah during 2009-2010. Participants were recruited at 36 to 38 weeks of gestation and followed up at 1 and 3 months postpartum. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the validated Malay version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Repeated-measures analyses of variance was performed to compare the depression scores over time and between subgroups of breastfeeding mothers. Results: Approximately 46% of women were fully breastfeeding their infants at 3 months postpartum. These mothers had significantly ( P < .001) lower mean EPDS scores at both 1 and 3 months postpartum (mean ± SD, 4.14 ± 4.12 and 4.27 ± 4.12, respectively) than others who did not initiate or maintain full breastfeeding for 3 months (4.94 ± 4.34 and 5.25 ± 4.05, respectively). After controlling for the effects of covariates, the differences in EPDS scores remained statistically significant ( P = .001) between the 2 breastfeeding groups. Conclusion: Full breastfeeding appeared to be negatively associated with postnatal depressive symptoms for mothers residing in Sabah.
Allostatic load mediates the impact of stress and trauma on physical and mental health in Indigenous Australians
Authors: Sarnyai Zoltán , Berger Maximus , Jawan Isabella 
Published: December 2015

Objectives: A considerable gap exists in health and social emotional well-being between Indigenous people and non-Indigenous Australians. Recent research in stress neurobiology highlights biological pathways that link early adversity and traumas as well as life stresses to ill health. We argue that the neurobiological stress response and its maladaptive changes, termed allostatic load, provide a useful framework to understand how adversity leads to physical and mental illness in Indigenous people. In this paper we review the biology of allostatic load and make links between stress-induced systemic hormonal, metabolic and immunological changes and physical and mental illnesses. Conclusions: Exposure to chronic stress throughout life results in an increased allostatic load that may contribute to a number of metabolic, cardiovascular and mental disorders that shorten life expectancy in Indigenous Australians.
Fifteen years of detaining children who seek asylum in Australia – evidence and consequences
Authors: Mares Sarah 
Published: December 2015

Objective: To review and summarise the evidence about and consequences of Australia’s policy of mandatory indefinite detention of children and families who arrive by boat to seek asylum. Methods: This paper will summarise the accumulated scientific evidence about the health and mental health impacts of immigration detention on children and compare methodologies and discuss the political reception of the 2004 and 2014 Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) Inquiries into Immigration Detention of children. Results: The conclusions of the 2004 and 2014 Inquiries into Immigration Detention of Children are consistent with Australian and international research which demonstrates that immigration detention has harmful health, mental health and developmental consequences for children and negative impacts on parenting. Conclusion: The evidence that prolonged immigration detention causes psychological and developmental harm to children and families and is in breach of Australia’s human rights obligations is consistent. This is now partially acknowledged by the Government. Attempts to limit public scrutiny through reduced access and potential punishment of medical witnesses arguably indicates the potency of their testimony. These harmful and unethical policies should be opposed.
Predicting perceived medication-related hassles in dementia family caregivers
Authors: George Nika R , Steffen Ann M 
Published: December 2015

Objective This study examined predictors of medication administration hassles reported by intergenerational dementia family caregivers. Methods A sample of 53 women who aided a cognitively impaired older adult with healthcare and who identified as inter-generational caregivers provided self-report medication management and psychosocial data. Results Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that six independent variables hypothesized for this model, the total number of prescription medications managed by caregivers, educational attainment, care-recipient functional impairment, care-recipient cognitive impairment, caregiver depressive symptomatology, and self-reported feelings of preparedness for the caregiving role together significantly predicted caregiver medication administration hassles scores F(1, 48) = 4.90, p = .032, and accounted for approximately 25% of the variance of self-reported hassles (adjusted R2 = .247). Discussion Future interventions may reduce medication-related hassles by providing psychoeducation about healthcare, medication management, and strategies for coping with care-related stressors and depressed mood.
Reporting of central airway obstruction on radiology reports and impact on bronchoscopic airway interventions and patient outcomes
Authors: Harris Kassem , Alraiyes Abdul Hamid , Attwood Kristopher , Modi Kush , Dhillon Samjot S. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Central airway obstruction (CAO) is a serious condition that affects patients with both benign and malignant diseases. Timely recognition of CAO is crucial for prompt intervention aimed at improving the symptoms and quality of life of these patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the formal radiology reporting of CAO and its impact on patients’ outcomes. Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent advanced therapeutic bronchoscopy for CAO from August 2013 to September 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Three researchers each reviewed 14 of the 42 formal radiology reports that were performed at 16 different medical and radiology centers. Patient characteristics were reported as means, medians, and standard deviations for continuous variables, and as frequencies and relative frequencies for categorical variables. Results: Out of 42 patients who underwent advanced bronchoscopy for planned therapeutic intervention, only 30 had radiology and pulmonology concordance about the airway findings of CAO. This is an agreement rate of 71.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 56.7–83.3%] or a disagreement rate of 28.6% (95% CI: 16.7–43.3%). The radiology reports did not mention 31% of CAO on CT scans. The median time from CT imaging to bronchoscopy was significantly longer in patients with CAO not reported by the radiologists (21 versus 10 days; p = 0.011). Most patients improved postoperatively with no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Findings of CAOs were not described in a significant proportion of radiology reports. This results in significant delay in bronchoscopic airway management.
Air cholangiography in endoscopic bilateral stent-in-stent placement of metallic stents for malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Authors: Lee Jae Min , Lee Sang Hyub , Jang Dong Kee , Chung Kwang Hyun , Park Jin Myung , Paik Woo Hyun , Lee Jun Kyu , Ryu Ji Kon , Kim Yong-Tae 
Published: December 2015

Background: Although endoscopic bilateral stent-in-stent (SIS) placement of self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) is one of the major palliative treatments for unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction, post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) cholangitis can occur frequently due to inadequate drainage, especially after contrast injection into the biliary tree. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of air cholangiography-assisted stenting. Methods: This study included 47 patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction who underwent endoscopic bilateral SEMS placement using the SIS technique. They were divided into two groups, air ( n = 23) or iodine contrast ( n = 24) cholangiography. We retrospectively compared comprehensive clinical and laboratory data of both groups. Results: There were no significant differences found between the two groups with respect to technical success (87% versus 87.5%, air versus contrast group, respectively), functional success (95% versus 95.2%), 30-day mortality (8.3% versus 8.7%) and stent patency. Post-ERCP adverse events occurred in 5 (21.7%) of the patients in the air group and 8 (33.3%) of the patients in the contrast group. Among these, the rate of cholangitis was significantly lower in the air group (4.8% versus 29.2%, p = 0.048). In multivariate analysis, air cholangiography, technical success and a shorter procedure time were significantly associated with a lower incidence of post-ERCP cholangitis. Conclusions: Air cholangiography-assisted stenting can be a safe and effective method for endoscopic bilateral SIS placement of SEMS in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction.
Case Series Using a Novel Implant and Accelerated Rehabilitation for Patients Undergoing an Isolated Talonavicular Arthrodesis
Authors: Shymon Stephen Joseph , Moss Lewis , Harris Thomas Gregory 
Published: December 2015

Talonavicular (TN) arthrodeses for TN arthritis have a high rate of nonunions for an essential hindfoot joint. In this case series, 12 patients underwent an isolated TN arthrodesis using a novel implant (IO FiX) by a single surgeon with a minimum 1-year follow-up (30.1 ± 14.7 months; mean ± SD). All patients (62 ± 12 years) underwent an aggressive rehabilitation protocol given the strength and compression of the implant. There were no nonunions, nor were there any patients lost to follow-up. Time to radiographic union was 9.6 ± 1.4 weeks. The Visual Analog Scale pain level decreased from 7.3 ± 0.9 preoperatively to 2.1 ± 0.7 postoperatively (P < .001). The Short-Form-12 physical component improved from 27.9 ± 4.2 preoperatively to 42.2 ± 3.5 postoperatively (P < 0.001), while the Short-Form-12 mental component did not change from 50.8 ± 6.9 preoperatively to 54.4 ± 3.8 postoperatively (P > .05). Use of the novel fixation device for TN arthrodesis by a single surgeon with an accelerated rehabilitation protocol significantly decreased patients’ pain and improved their physical functional outcomes (P < .001). The IO FiX implant can potentially improve TN arthrodesis fusion rates and surgical outcomes. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
A CCR2 macrophage endocytic pathway mediates extravascular fibrin clearance in vivo
Authors: Motley Michael P. , Madsen Daniel H. , Jürgensen Henrik J. , Spencer David E. , Szabo Roman , Holmbeck Kenn , Flick Matthew J. , Lawrence Daniel A. , Castellino Francis J. , Weigert Roberto , Bugge Thomas H. 
Published: December 2015

Key PointsFibrin is cleared from extravascular space via endocytosis and lysosomal degradation by a CCR2-positive subset of inflammatory macrophages. This novel endocytic fibrin degradation pathway is mechanistically coupled to extracellular fibrin degradation pathways.
Childhood wheezing phenotypes influence asthma, lung function and exhaled nitric oxide fraction in adolescence
Authors: Duijts Liesbeth , Granell Raquel , Sterne Jonathan A.C. , Henderson A. John 
Published: December 2015

The objective of this study was to examine the associations of childhood wheezing phenotypes with asthma, lung function and exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO) in adolescence.In a population-based, prospective cohort study of 6841 children, we used latent class analysis to identify wheezing phenotypes during the first 7 years of life. Physician-diagnosed asthma, spirometry andFeNOwere assessed at 14–15 years.Compared with never/infrequent wheeze, intermediate-onset and persistent wheeze were consistently strongest associated with higher risk of asthma (risk ratio (95% CI) 10.9 (8.97–13.16) and 9.13 (7.74–10.77), respectively), lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio (mean difference in standard deviation units (SDU) (95% CI) −0.34 (−0.54– −0.14) and −0.50 (−0.62– −0.38), respectively), lower forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC (FEF25–75%) (mean difference in SDU (95% CI) −0.30 (−0.49– −0.10) and −0.42 (−0.54– −0.30), respectively) and increased FEV1bronchodilator reversibility (mean difference in SDU (95% CI) 0.12 (0.02–0.22) and 0.13 (0.06–0.19), respectively). Prolonged early and persistent wheeze were associated with a decline in FEV1/FVC ratio and FEF25–75%between 8–9 and 14–15 years. Intermediate-onset, late-onset and persistent wheeze were associated with higherFeNOratios (ratio of geometric means (95% CI) 1.90 (1.59–2.29), 1.57 (1.39–1.77) and 1.37 (1.22–1.53), respectively, compared with never/infrequent wheeze).Early-onset wheezing phenotypes persisting after 18 months of age show the strongest associations with asthma, lower lung function, even worsening from mid-childhood, and higherFeNOlevels in adolescence.
Cellular dynamics underlying regeneration of appropriate segment number during axolotl tail regeneration
Authors: Vincent Carr D. , Rost Fabian , Masselink Wouter , Brusch Lutz , Tanaka Elly M. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background
Salamanders regenerate their tails after amputation anywhere along their length. How the system faithfully reconstitutes the original number of segments and length is not yet known.

Methods
To gain quantitative insight into how the system regenerates the appropriate length, we amputated tails at 4 or 16 myotomes post-cloaca and measured blastema size, cell cycle kinetics via cumulative Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and the method of Nowakowski, and myotome differentiation rate.

Results
In early stages until day 15, blastema cells were all proliferative and divided at the same rate at both amputation levels. A larger blastema was formed in 4th versus 16th myotome amputations indicating a larger founding population. Myotome differentiation started at the same timepoint in the 4th and 16 th level blastemas. The rate of myotome formation was more rapid in 4th myotome blastemas so that by day 21 the residual blastema from the two amputation levels achieved equivalent size. At that time point, only a fraction of blastema cells remain in cycle, with the 4th myotome blastema harboring double the number of cycling cells as the 16th myotome blastema allowing it to grow faster and further reconstitute the larger number of missing myotomes.

Conclusions
These data suggest that there are two separable phases of blastema growth. The first is level-independent, with cells displaying unrestrained proliferation. In the second phase, the level-specific growth is revealed, where differing fractions of cells remain in the cell cycle over time.
Vascular assessment techniques of podiatrists in Australia and New Zealand: a web‐based survey
Authors: Tehan Peta Ellen , Chuter Vivienne Helaine 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundPodiatrists play a central role in conducting non‐invasive vascular assessment in the lower extremity. This involves screening for signs and symptoms of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and ongoing monitoring of the condition. Podiatric vascular assessment practices in Australia and New Zealand are currently unclear. Determining the clinical habits of Podiatrists is essential in identifying if there is a need for further education or support in performing accurate vascular assessments.MethodsA web‐based, secure, anonymous questionnaire was conducted of registered Podiatrists in Australia and New Zealand between 1 April and 31 July 2013. The questions examined clinician's regular practices in vascular assessment, clinical indicators to perform and barriers in completing vascular assessment. Nominal logistic regression was performed to further examine years of experience and practice setting on clinical indicators to perform vascular assessment and types of assessment performed.ResultsFour hundred forty‐seven podiatrists participated in the survey. Clinical indicators for vascular assessment, along with barriers and available equipment were examined and the results varied depending on the podiatrists' geographical location, practice setting, and experience. Palpation of pedal pulses was the most frequently reported assessment (97 %) along with Doppler assessment (74 %). Pressure measurement was the least frequently reported vascular assessment method, with only 34 % undertaking ankle‐brachial indices and 19 % completing toe‐brachial indices. Public podiatrists reported more varied and complete vascular assessment compared to those in private practice. Lack of time was identified as the most frequently reported barrier (66 %) in performing vascular assessment, followed by lack of equipment (28 %). In New Zealand podiatrists, lack of equipment was much more of an issue than in Australian podiatrists.ConclusionLarge variations exist in vascular assessment methods amongst Australian and New Zealand podiatrists. Some assessments being undertaken are potentially inadequate for accurate screening for PAD. There is a need for continuing education in vascular assessment to address the deficiencies in technique reported by some Podiatrists. A podiatry‐relevant summary of broad international guidelines for PAD screening may be of use to improve utilisation and accuracy of screening methods to improve patient management.
A survey to investigate the association of pain, foot disability and quality of life with corns
Authors: Farndon Lisa , Concannon Michael , Stephenson John 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundCorns are a common foot problem affecting a large proportion of the population. This study describes the characteristics of corns experienced by 201 participants taking part in a randomised controlled trial to investigate associations between demographic and corn parameters on pain, foot related disability and quality of life (QoL).MethodsPain from the main (index) corn was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS); foot related disability was assessed with the Foot Disability Questionnaire (now known as the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index) and quality of life was recorded with the EQ‐5D questionnaire. The effect of demographic and corn parameters on the pain and quality of life outcomes was assessed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods. The effect of the same factors on a linear combination of the foot‐related disability outcome measures was assessed using multivariate ANOVA methods. Pain was also tested for its mediating properties on the causal pathway between the independent variables and quality of life.ResultsThe mean pain score was 5.29 points on a 10 cm VAS, with females reporting substantively higher pain levels than males. Age affected foot‐related disability, with lower levels on all domains of the MFPDI reported in older participants; each year of advancing age was associated with falls of: 0.009 points on the Concern about Appearance (CA) domain; 0.047 points on the Functional Limitation (FL) domain and 0.048 points on the Pain Intensity (PI) domain. Sex and corn type also affected disability, with higher scores reported by females and participants with plantar corns.ConclusionsThe effect of pain was shown to mediate the relationship between sex and foot‐related disability. The presence of plantar corns has a more detrimental effect on QoL than dorsal/inter‐digital corns.Trial registrationISRCTN 13166839
Rakotch type contractive maps, square roots and uniform convexity
Authors: Jiménez-Melado Antonio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a family of weakly contractive maps on the space $B(S)$
B
(
S
)
of bounded real valued functions and use it to show that a fundamental step in the proof of the well-known Stone-Weierstrass approximation theorem can be achieved via Rakotch’s fixed point theorem for weakly contractive maps. With the same technique, we obtain Zemanek’s theorem on the existence of square roots in certain Banach subalgebras of $B(S)$
B
(
S
)
, and, finally, in the context of abstract Banach algebras, we exhibit some relationship between weakly contractive maps on the closed unit ball and the geometry of the spheres.
Hepatocyte-Specific Disruption of CD36 Attenuates Fatty Liver and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in HFD-Fed Mice
Authors: Wilson Camella G. , Tran Jennifer L. , Erion Derek M. , Vera Nicholas B. , Febbraio Maria , Weiss Ethan J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCD36/FAT (fatty acid translocase) is associated with human and murine nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but it has been unclear whether it is simply a marker or whether it directly contributes to disease pathogenesis. Mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2L mice) have increased circulating free fatty acids (FAs), dramatically increased hepatic CD36 expression and profound fatty liver. To investigate the role of elevated CD36 in the development of fatty liver, we studied two models of hepatic steatosis, a genetic model (JAK2L mice) and a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced steatosis model. We deleted Cd36 specifically in hepatocytes of JAK2L mice to generate double knockouts and from wild-type mice to generate CD36L single-knockout mice. Hepatic Cd36 disruption in JAK2L livers significantly improved steatosis by lowering triglyceride, diacylglycerol, and cholesterol ester content. The largest differences in liver triglycerides were in species comprised of oleic acid (C18:1). Reduction in liver lipids correlated with an improvement in the inflammatory markers that were elevated in JAK2L mice, namely aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase. Cd36 deletion in mice on HFD (CD36L-HFD) reduced liver lipid content and decreased hepatic 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-FA uptake as compared with CON-HFD. Additionally, CD36L-HFD mice had improved whole-body insulin sensitivity and reduced liver and serum inflammatory markers. Therefore, CD36 directly contributes to development of fatty liver under conditions of elevated free FAs by modulating the rate of FA uptake by hepatocytes. In HFD-fed animals, disruption of hepatic Cd36 protects against associated systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.