bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organisations en situation de blocage. Turbulences culturelles : fusions et acquisitions d’organisations
Authors: Fornari Luca , Toson Denis 
Published: June 2017

L’auteur analyse dans cet article les phénomènes qui se déroulent lors de la fusion entre deux entreprises tant au niveau des individus que des groupes. Il indique quelques symptômes observables du dysfonctionnement de la nouvelle organisation et propose des pistes d’actions pour aider cette entreprise. Pour illustrer ses propos, Luca Fornari prend comme exemple le rachat d’une entreprise italienne par un groupe coréen et montre où se déroulent les « turbulences culturelles » entre ces deux groupes de personnes. Pour des raisons de ligne éditoriale, la version française présentée ici est plus courte que la version italienne. Il n’empêche que le lecteur francophone lira ce texte avec grand intérêt. 1 F.V.
L'ouverture sociale par le marché ?
Authors: Allouch Annabelle 
Published: June 2017

Initiés au début des années 2000, les dispositifs d'ouverture sociale de l'université d'Oxford cherchent à assurer la candidature d'un nombre plus élevé d'élèves issus de milieux modestes. À partir d'une approche inspirée par la sociologie des marchés, cet article illustre les modalités par lesquelles ces dispositifs tentent de coordonner une offre de formation élitiste et une demande de formation d'un public populaire. Le processus repose sur trois étapes : il segmente les publics en proposant une offre de formation à court terme, calibrée pour des élèves aux dispositions sociales et scolaires particulières ; il joue sur l'adaptation de l'offre d'Oxford aux dispositions sociales attendues des candidats, qui repose à la fois sur une neutralisation sociale des espaces et sur l'explicitation sur un ton personnel et ludique de l'offre de formation et de ses spécificités ; enfin, ce processus tente de minorer le rôle des enseignants dans le cadre de la construction des aspirations des élèves, soit en les limitant à un rôle d'encadrement matériel, soit en s'assurant de leur loyauté. Il s'agit alors moins de convertir les élèves à des codes sociaux particuliers que de jouer sur leurs dispositions actuelles afin qu'ils adhèrent à l'offre. Alors que l'approche par la socialisation est généralement mobilisée pour comprendre les effets sociaux de ces dispositifs sur les dispositions et les aspirations scolaires des élèves, l'approche par la captation éclaire un processus d'interaction entre un individu et une institution qui, précisément, ne relève pas d'une socialisation.
Kant et la métaphysique de l’Interdit
Authors: Colonna d’Istria François 
Published: June 2017

L’on connaît la division du système kantien en philosophie spéculative et philosophie pratique. Toutefois, il se pourrait que cette distinction classique reflète et exprime une réalité plus profonde, une faille dans la manière dont le système kantien est construit. C’est précisément la lecture de la Rechtslehre qui révèle, comme par un jeu de miroirs, la fêlure du système kantien dans son ensemble. En posant à l’origine du pouvoir politique un Interdit fondateur, elle trahit le dogmatisme qui irrigue la partie pratique du système kantien. La méthode transcendantale, si elle régit indiscutablement le versant spéculatif du système, serait ainsi demeurée impuissante à affecter son versant pratique. Ainsi s’expliquerait, en deçà des motivations personnelles de l’homme Emmanuel Kant et par la logique interne du texte même de la Rechtslehre, le conservatisme autoritaire si souvent relevé par les commentateurs. Un chemin de questionnement s’ouvre alors : dans quelle mesure suivre la méthode transcendantale initiée par la philosophie spéculative kantienne pourrait contribuer à construire une théorie de la connaissance juridique ?
Jeux de mains, jeux de management
Authors: Rappin Baptiste 
Published: June 2017

Cet article est une enquête étymologique qui cherche à faire surgir le sens originel du management à travers la mise en évidence de son radical : « manus », la main. Voilà qui écarte donc le lien qui unirait, par le jeu du langage, économie et management sous la forme de la « ménagerie », terme privilégié par Étienne de la Boétie pour traduire L’Économique de Xénophon. Le propre du management se situe ailleurs : dans le maniement, la manipulation et la manœuvre. Si donc la main du marché est invisible, celle des managers, elle, se fait visible : mais quelle est cette main ? Que touche-t‑elle ? De quelle sorte de visibilité s’agit-il ? C’est à cet ensemble de questions que le présent article souhaite s’affronter.
Concurrent OX40 and CD30 Ligand Blockade Abrogates the CD4-Driven Autoimmunity Associated with CTLA4 and PD1 Blockade while Preserving Excellent Anti-CD8 Tumor Immunity
Authors: Nawaf Maher G. , Ulvmar Maria H. , Withers David R. , McConnell Fiona M. , Gaspal Fabrina M. , Webb Gwilym J. , Jones Nick D. , Yagita Hideo , Allison James P. , Lane Peter J. L. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Although strategies that block FOXP3-dependent regulatory T cell function (CTLA4 blockade) and the inhibitory receptor PD1 have shown great promise in promoting antitumor immune responses in humans, their widespread implementation for cancer immunotherapy has been hampered by significant off-target autoimmune side effects that can be lethal. Our work has shown that absence of OX40 and CD30 costimulatory signals prevents CD4 T cell–driven autoimmunity in Foxp3-deficient mice, suggesting a novel way to block these side effects. In this study, we show that excellent antitumor CD8 T cell responses can be achieved in Foxp3KO mice deficient in OX40 and CD30 signals, particularly in the presence of concurrent PD1 blockade. Furthermore, excellent antitumor immune responses can also be achieved using combinations of Abs that block CTLA4, PD1, OX40, and CD30 ligands, without CD4 T cell–driven autoimmunity. By dissociating autoimmune side effects from anticancer immune responses, this potentially shifts this antitumor approach to patients with far less advanced disease.
Spatiotemporal distribution of Oklahoma earthquakes: Exploring relationships using a nearest‐neighbor approach
Authors: Vasylkivska Veronika S. , Huerta Nicolas J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDetermining the spatiotemporal characteristics of natural and induced seismic events holds the opportunity to gain new insights into why these events occur. Linking the seismicity characteristics with other geologic, geographic, natural, or anthropogenic factors could help to identify the causes and suggest mitigation strategies that reduce the risk associated with such events. The nearest‐neighbor approach utilized in this work represents a practical first step toward identifying statistically correlated clusters of recorded earthquake events. Detailed study of the Oklahoma earthquake catalog's inherent errors, empirical model parameters, and model assumptions is presented. We found that the cluster analysis results are stable with respect to empirical parameters (e.g., fractal dimension) but were sensitive to epicenter location errors and seismicity rates. Most critically, we show that the patterns in the distribution of earthquake clusters in Oklahoma are primarily defined by spatial relationships between events. This observation is a stark contrast to California (also known for induced seismicity) where a comparable cluster distribution is defined by both spatial and temporal interactions between events. These results highlight the difficulty in understanding the mechanisms and behavior of induced seismicity but provide insights for future work.
Preliminary JIRAM results from Juno polar observations: 1. Methodology and analysis applied to the Jovian northern polar region
Authors: Dinelli B. M. , Fabiano F. , Adriani A. , Altieri F. , Moriconi M. L. , Mura A. , Sindoni G. , Filacchione G. , Tosi F. , Migliorini A. , Grassi D. , Piccioni G. , Noschese R. , Cicchetti A. , Bolton S. J. , Connerney J. E. P. , Atreya S. K. , Bagenal F. , Gladstone G. R. , Hansen C. J. , Kurth W. S. , Levin S. M. , Mauk B. H. , McComas D. J. , Gèrard J.‐C. , Turrini D. , Stefani S. , Amoroso M. , Olivieri A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDuring the first orbit around Jupiter of the NASA/Juno mission, the Jovian Auroral Infrared Mapper (JIRAM) instrument observed the auroral regions with a large number of measurements. The measured spectra show both the emission of the
ion and of methane in the 3–4 μm spectral region. In this paper we describe the analysis method developed to retrieve temperature and column density (CD) of the
ion from JIRAM spectra in the northern auroral region. The high spatial resolution of JIRAM shows an asymmetric aurora, with CD and temperature ovals not superimposed and not exactly located where models and previous observations suggested. On the main oval averaged
CDs span between 1.8 × 1012 cm−2 and 2.8 × 1012 cm−2, while the retrieved temperatures show values between 800 and 950 K. JIRAM indicates a complex relationship among
CDs and temperatures on the Jupiter northern aurora.
History of consolidation is prognostic in acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in minimal residual disease‐negative first complete remission
Authors: Rashidi Armin , Linden Michael A. , DeFor Todd E. , Warlick Erica , Bejanyan Nelli , Yohe Sophia , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Ustun Celalettin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrognostic factors among acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) in minimal residual disease (MRD)‐negative first complete remission (CR1) are unknown. We retrospectively attempted to answer the following question: In AML patients undergoing allo‐HCT in MRD‐negative CR1, does a history of prior consolidation provide additional prognostic information?MethodsThe inclusion criteria were: (i) Age > 18 years, (ii) AML in CR1 after 1‐2 cycles of intensive induction chemotherapy, with or without consolidation, (iii) Allo‐HCT between 1/2003 and 4/2016 at our institution, (iv) Available standard‐sensitivity 4‐color flow cytometry results from a bone marrow aspiration at diagnosis and after completion of all previous chemotherapy within one month prior to HCT, (v) Flow cytometry‐based MRD‐negative status at the time of HCT.ResultsA history of prior consolidation was associated with favorable overall survival (Hazard Ratio [95% Confidence Interval]: 0.59 [0.35‐0.99], P = .046), relapse‐free survival (0.60 [0.37‐0.96], P = .036), and relapse (0.50 [0.27‐0.92], P = .025). Analysis of potential sources of bias was unrevealing.ConclusionsIn AML patients undergoing allo‐HCT in MRD‐negative CR1, a history of prior consolidation was associated with favorable outcomes. If the path to pre‐HCT MRD negativity includes consolidation, it may identify patients with improved prognosis following HCT in MRD‐negative state. These results warrant validation in larger cohorts.
Sickle cells produce functional immune modulators and cytotoxics
Authors: Sun Chiao‐Wang , Wu Li‐Chen , Knopick Peter L. , Bradley David S. , Townes Tim , Terman David S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSickle erythrocytes' (SSRBCs) unique physical adaptation to hypoxic conditions renders them able to home to hypoxic tumor niches in vivo, shut down tumor blood flow and induce tumoricidal responses. SSRBCs are also useful vehicles for transport of encapsulated drugs and oncolytic virus into hypoxic tumors with enhanced anti‐tumor effects. In search of additional modes for arming sickle cells with cytotoxics, we turned to a lentiviral β‐globin vector with optimized Locus Control Region/β‐globin coding region/promoter/enhancers. We partially replaced the β‐globin coding region of this vector with genes encoding T cell cytolytics, perforin and granzyme or immune modulating superantigens SEG and SEI. These modified vectors efficiently transduced Sca+ckit‐Lin‐ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from humanized sickle cell knockin mice. Irradiated mice reconstituted with these HSCs displayed robust expression of transgenic RNAs and proteins in host sickle cells that was sustained for more than 10 months. SSRBCs from reconstituted mice harboring SEG/SEI transgenes induced robust proliferation and a prototypical superantigen‐induced cytokine reaction when exposed to human CD4+/CD8+ cells. The β‐globin lentiviral vector therefore produces a high level of functional, erythroid‐specific immune modulators and cytotoxics that circulate without toxicity. Coupled with their unique ability to target and occlude hypoxic tumor vessels these armed SSRBCs constitute a potentially useful tool for treatment of solid tumors.
Practitioners' perspectives on how supervision training has impacted their practice
Authors: van Ooijen Els , Spencer Lesley 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimThis study investigated the perceived impact on practitioners of undertaking a postgraduate diploma in consultative supervision.MethodFourteen students, undertaking a postgraduate course in supervision, consented to having six ‘end‐of‐teaching unit’ reflections analysed anonymously, using thematic content analysis (Burnard, Gill, Stewart, Treasure & Chadwick, 2008).ConclusionsThe results showed that supervision training prompted experienced counsellors and psychotherapists to reflect on their development, with perceived positive effects on their supervision and therapy practice. Participants also reported an increased awareness of organisational context and the impact of differences between culture, gender and class (Lago, 2006). Further research is required to ascertain whether these results pertain to different types of supervision training.
Facile Formation of Nanodisk‐Shaped Orthorhombic SnS Layers from SnS2 Particles for Photoelectrocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Patel Malkeshkumar , Yu Xiaomei , Kim Yu Kwon , Kim Joondong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSnS has a great potential for use as a photocatalyst for the production of chemical fuels out of sunlight. For the use of it as a photocatalyst, a fast and reliable method of fabricating pure layered crystalline SnS is required. Here, we present a simple and efficient method of fabricating high‐quality SnS layers as a thin film on various substrates such as Si, quartz, glass and FTO. The nanodisk‐shaped p‐type SnS films are obtained starting from SnS2 via a one‐step process involving phase dissociation and sulfur reduction. The prepared SnS films show interesting thickness‐dependent physical properties such as optical band gap, absorption coefficient and flat band potential, which suggest the possibility of tuning its property by controlling the thickness. Especially, the SnS films with the thickness of 20 nm or less show an enhanced absorption above the band gap and an increased free carrier concentration. With such advantageous photoresponsive properties, we observed a good hydrogen production activity (order of 100 μmol h−1 cm−2) from the thin SnS films under photoelectrocatalytic reaction conditions. The measured efficiency in hydrogen evolution is explained from a favorable band alignment as well as the good photoresponse of the film. Combined with the facile fabrication of high‐quality thin SnS films, our analysis shows that nanodisk‐shaped SnS is a promising material for a future development of photocatalytic production of hydrogen as a chemical fuel.
Enhancing Perovskite Electrocatalysis of Solid Oxide Cells Through Controlled Exsolution of Nanoparticles
Authors: Hua Bin , Li Meng , Sun Yi‐Fei , Li Jian‐Hui , Luo Jing‐Li 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPerovskite oxides have received a great deal of attention as promising electrodes in both solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and solid oxide electrolyzer cells (SOECs) because of their reasonable reactivity, impurity tolerance, and tunable properties. In particular, exploration is still required for improving perovskite electrodes, which normally suffer from slow kinetics in electrocatalysis. Experimental studies have led to the development of new classes of perovskites with advanced characteristics and electrode kinetics at technical levels. In parallel with those developments, achievements in theoretical and computational studies have led to substantial understanding, at the atomic level, of their physicochemical properties and electrocatalytic behaviors. Their chemical and structural flexibilities enable perovskites to accommodate most metallic elements without destroying their complex matrix structures, thereby delivering a pathway to engineer their catalytic properties. In this Minireview, recent advances in perovskite electrodes are introduced, and perovskites with exsolved nanoparticles are discussed as enhanced electrocatalytic materials.
The interference of genetic associations in establishing the prognostic value of the immunophenotype in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: van Solinge Thomas S. , Zeijlemaker Wendelien , Ossenkoppele Gert J. , Cloos Jacqueline , Schuurhuis Gerrit J. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundIn acute myeloid leukemia controversy exists about the role of immunophenotyping of the blasts at diagnosis as a potential prognostic factor.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed immunophenotypic marker expression on blasts in relation to genetic aberrancies and survival data of 684 patients. All patients were included in different studies from the HOVON/SAKK Consortium.ResultsMarkers CD2, CD7, CD11b, CD19, CD22, and CD56 all appeared to be associated with one or more established prognostic genetic aberrancies. In the overall population, differences in univariate survival analyses were observed for CD2, CD11b, and CD22. After correcting these survival differences for currently used risk profile data, only CD11b expression remained of prognostic value for poor overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS). CD11b expression turned out to be an independent factor for poor OS and EFS in the subgroup of patients who lacked cytogenetic and molecular aberrancies.ConclusionsIn this study, we demonstrate that associations between immunophenotypic markers and genetic aberrancies interfere with the prognostic properties of immunophenotypic markers. Such may account for most of the previously reported prognostic impact of these markers. Only CD11b expression remained as an independent prognostic marker. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Timing and pattern of annual silver eel migration in two European watersheds are determined by similar cues
Authors: Sandlund Odd Terje , Diserud Ola H. , Poole Russell , Bergesen Knut , Dillane Mary , Rogan Gerard , Durif Caroline , Thorstad Eva B. , Vøllestad Leif Asbjørn 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMany animals perform long‐distance migrations in order to maximize lifetime reproductive success. The European eel migrates several thousand kilometers between their feeding habitats in continental waters (fresh‐, brackish, and sea water) and their spawning area in the Sargasso Sea. Eels residing in freshwaters usually initiate their spawning migration as silver eels during autumn, triggered by diverse environmental cues. We analyzed the time series of silver eel downstream migration in Burrishoole, Ireland (1971–2015), and Imsa, Norway (1975–2015), to examine factors regulating the silver eel migration from freshwater to the sea. The migration season (90% of the run) generally lasted from 1 August to 30 November. Environmental factors acting in the months before migration impacted timing and duration of migration, likely through influencing the internal processes preparing the fish for migration. Once the migration had started, environmental factors impacted the day‐to‐day variation in number of migrants, apparently stimulating migration among those eels ready for migration. Both the day‐to‐day variation in the number of migrants and the onset of migration were described by nearly identical models in the two rivers. Variables explaining day‐to‐day variation were all associated with conditions that may minimize predation risk; number of migrants was reduced under a strong moon and short nights and increased during high and increasing water levels. Presence of other migrants stimulated migration, which further indicates that silver eel migration has evolved to minimize predation risk. The onset of migration was explained mainly by water levels in August. The models for duration of the migration season were less similar between the sites. Thus, the overall migration season seems governed by the need to reach the spawning areas in a synchronized manner, while during the actual seaward migration, antipredator behavior seems of overriding importance.
Fluctuating effects of genetic and plastic changes in body mass on population dynamics in a large herbivore
Authors: Pigeon Gabriel , Ezard Thomas H. G. , Festa‐Bianchet Marco , Coltman David W. , Pelletier Fanie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecent studies suggest that evolutionary changes can occur on a contemporary time scale. Hence, evolution can influence ecology and vice‐versa. To understand the importance of eco‐evolutionary dynamics in population dynamics, we must quantify the relative contribution of ecological and evolutionary changes to population growth and other ecological processes. To date, however, most eco‐evolutionary dynamics studies have not partitioned the relative contribution of plastic and evolutionary changes in traits on population, community, and ecosystem processes. Here, we quantify the effects of heritable and non‐heritable changes in body mass distribution on survival, recruitment, and population growth in wild bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and compare their importance to the effects of changes in age structure, population density, and weather. We applied a combination of a pedigree‐based quantitative genetics model, statistical analyses of demography, and a new statistical decomposition technique, the Geber method, to a long‐term data set of bighorn sheep on Ram Mountain (Canada), monitored individually from 1975 to 2012. We show three main results: (1) The relative importance of heritable change in mass, non‐heritable change in mass, age structure, density, and climate on population growth rate changed substantially over time. (2) An increase in body mass was accompanied by an increase in population growth through higher survival and recruitment rate. (3) Over the entire study period, changes in the body mass distribution of ewes, mostly through non‐heritable changes, affected population growth to a similar extent as changes in age structure or in density. The importance of evolutionary changes was small compared to that of other drivers of changes in population growth but increased with time as evolutionary changes accumulated. Evolutionary changes became increasingly important for population growth as the length of the study period considered increased. Our results highlight the complex ways in which ecological and evolutionary changes can affect population dynamics and illustrate the large potential effect of trait changes on population processes.
Low‐thrombogenic fibrin‐heparin coating promotes in vitro endothelialization
Authors: Kaplan Ondřej , Hierlemann Teresa , Krajewski Stefanie , Kurz Julia , Nevoralová Martina , Houska Milan , Riedel Tomáš , Riedelová Zuzana , Zárubová Jana , Wendel Hans P. , Brynda Eduard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLong‐term performance of implanted cardiovascular grafts can be ensured if living endothelium overgrows their surface. Surface modifications to implants are therefore being sought that can encourage endothelialization while preventing thrombus formation until the natural endothelium is formed. In the present study, heparin was covalently attached to a fibrin mesh grown from a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) substrate surface by the catalytic action of surface immobilized thrombin on a fibrinogen solution. The coating prevented platelet activation, thrombin generation and clot formation, and reduced inflammatory reactions when exposed to fresh human whole blood circulating in a Chandler loop model. In addition, in vitro seeded human umbilical vein and human saphenous vein endothelial cells showed considerably enhanced attachment and proliferation on the coating. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2995–3005, 2017.