bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tetramethylpyrazine nitrone activates the BDNF/Akt/CREB pathway to promote post‐ischaemic neuroregeneration and recovery of neurological functions in rats
Authors: Zhang Gaoxiao , Zhang Tao , Li Ning , Wu Liangmiao , Gu Jianbo , Li Cuimei , Zhao Chen , Liu Wei , Shan Luchen , Yu Pei , Yang Xifei , Tang Yaohui , Yang Guo‐Yuan , Wang Yuqiang , Sun Yewei , Zhang Zaijun 
Published: November 2017

Background and PurposeNeuronal regeneration from endogenous precursors is an attractive strategy for the treatment of ischaemic stroke. However, most stroke‐generated newborn neurons die over time. Therefore, a drug that is both neuroprotective and pro‐neurogenic may be beneficial after stroke. Here, we assessed the neurogenic and oligodendrogenic effects of tetramethylpyrazine nitrone (TBN), a neuroprotective drug candidate for stroke, in a rat model of ischaemic stroke.Experimental ApproachWe used Sprague Dawley rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). TBN was administered by tail vein injection beginning at 3 h post ischaemia. Therapeutic effect of TBN was evaluated by neurological behaviour and cerebral infarction. Promotion of neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis was determined by double immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting analyses. Primary cultures of cortical neurons were used to assess the effect of TBN on neuronal differentiation in vitro.Key ResultsTBN reduced cerebral infarction, preserved and/or restored neurological function and promoted neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis in rats after MCAO. In addition, TBN stimulated neuronal differentiation on primary culture of cortical neurons in vitro. Pro‐neurogenic effects of TBN were attributed to its activation of the AKT/cAMP responsive element‐binding protein through increasing brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, as shown by the abolition of the effects of TBN by a specific inhibitor of BDNF receptor ANA‐12 and by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002.Conclusion and ImplicationsAs TBN can simultaneously provide neuroprotection and pro‐neurogenic effects, it may be a promising treatment for both acute phase neuroprotection and long‐term functional recovery after ischaemic stroke.
Synthesis, molecular modeling, and biological evaluation of 4‐[5‐aryl‐3‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl] benzenesulfonamides toward acetylcholinesterase, carbonic anhydrase I and II enzymes
Authors: Yamali Cem , Gul Halise Inci , Ece Abdulilah , Taslimi Parham , Gulcin Ilhami 
Published: November 2017

In this study, 4‐[5‐aryl‐3‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl] benzenesulfonamides were synthesized, and inhibition effects on AChE, hCA I, and hCA II were evaluated. Ki values of the compounds toward hCA I were in the range of 24.2 ± 4.6‐49.8 ± 12.8 nm, while they were in the range of 37.3 ± 9.0‐65.3 ± 16.7 nm toward hCA II. Ki values of the acetazolamide were 282.1 ± 19.7 nm and 103.60 ± 27.6 nm toward both isoenzymes, respectively. The compounds inhibited AChE with Ki in the range of 22.7 ± 10.3‐109.1 ± 27.0 nm, whereas the tacrine had Ki value of 66.5 ± 13.8 nm. Electronic structure calculations at M06‐L/6‐31 + G(d,p)//AM1 level and molecular docking studies were also performed to enlighten inhibition mechanism and to support experimental findings. Results obtained from calculations of molecular properties showed that the compounds obey drug‐likeness properties. The experimental and computational findings obtained in this study might be useful in the design of novel inhibitors against hCA I, hCA II, and AChE.
Migrant children's health problems, care needs, and inequalities: European primary care paediatricians' perspective
Authors: Carrasco‐Sanz A. , Leiva‐Gea I. , Martin‐Alvarez L. , del Torso S. , van Esso D. , Hadjipanayis A. , Kadir A. , Ruiz‐Canela J. , Perez‐Gonzalez O. , Grossman Z. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrimary care paediatricians' perception of migrant children's health in Europe has not been explored before. Our aim was to examine European paediatricians' knowledge on migrant children's health problems, needs, inequalities, and barriers to access health care.MethodsEuropean primary care paediatricians were invited by the European Academy of Paediatrics Research in Ambulatory Setting Network country coordinators to complete a web‐based survey concerning health care of migrant children. A descriptive analysis of all variables was performed.ResultsThe survey was completed by 492 paediatricians. Sixty‐three per cent of the respondents reported that the general health of migrant children is worse than that of nonmigrants, chronic diseases cited by 66% of the respondents as the most frequent health problem. Sixty‐six per cent of the paediatricians reported that migrant children have different health needs compared to nonmigrant children, proper oral health care mentioned by 86% of the respondents. Cultural/linguistic factors have been reported as the most frequent barrier (90%).to access health care. However, only 37% of providers have access to professional interpreters and cultural mediators. Fifty‐two per cent and 32% do not know whether one or more of the family members are undocumented and whether they are refugees/asylum seekers, respectively. Updated guidelines for care of migrant children are available for only 35% of respondents, and 80% of them have not received specific training on migrant children's care.ConclusionsEuropean primary care paediatricians recognize migrant children as a population at risk with more frequent and specific health problems and needs, but they are often unaware of their legal state. Lack of interpreters augments the existing language barriers to access proper care and should be solved. Widespread lack of guidelines and specific providers' training should be addressed to optimize health care delivery to migrant children.
Caregivers' perspectives on the SafeCare® programme: Implementing an evidence‐based intervention for child neglect
Authors: Gallitto Elena , Romano Elisa , Drolet Marie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis qualitative study examined caregivers' experiences with SafeCare®, an evidence‐based programme that focuses on child neglect through modules on health, safety, and parenting. Shortly after completing SafeCare, 30 caregivers participated in a semi‐structured interview about their experiences with the programme. Overall, caregivers indicated that the programme helped with improvements in their parenting skills. Among the factors that contributed to a positive experience were the simplicity of language, the skills‐based approach, and the quality of the relationship with the SafeCare provider. Caregivers also noted several factors that made it difficult to fully benefit from the programme, including financial constraints, removal of their child from the home, and general distrust towards the child welfare system. Findings provide relevant information for SafeCare providers in terms of identifying areas that work well for caregivers completing the programme, as well as areas that might serve as impediments. Implications for contemporary child welfare practice are also considered.
The Effects of Pricing Canadian Livestock Emissions
Authors: Slade Peter 
Published: November 2017

AbstractI examine the environmental and economic effects of pricing greenhouse gas emissions from livestock in Canada. Using a partial equilibrium model, I consider three different pricing policies: a consumer level tax, a producer level tax, and a producer subsidy. All policies price emissions at $50 per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent. The producer level tax generates the greatest reduction in emissions at the lowest social cost per unit of emissions abatement. The producer subsidy results in a smaller reduction in emissions at a higher social cost, relative to the producer tax. However, the subsidy provides a substantial increase in producer surplus, which may make it a politically feasible second‐best policy. The consumer level tax results in a trivial reduction in emissions, at a social cost that is greater than the price placed on emissions.J'examine les effets environnementaux et économiques de l'imposition d'un prix sur les gaz à effets de serre provenant des animaux d'élevage canadiens. Au moyen d'un modèle d'équilibre partiel, je tiens compte de trois différentes politiques d'imposition de prix : taxer le consommateur, taxer le producteur, et subventionner le producteur. Toutes les politiques imposent les émissions au prix de 50$ par tonne en équivalent de dioxyde de carbone. Taxer l'éleveur génère la plus grande réduction des émissions au plus bas coût social par unité de réduction des émissions. Subventionner l'éleveur entraéne une plus petite réduction des émissions à coût social plus élevé, en comparaison û la taxe imposée à l'éleveur. Par contre, le choix de subventionner fournit une augmentation substantielle de surplus pour l'éleveur, faisant de cette option un bon deuxième choix envisageable au niveau politique. Taxer le consommateur ne produit qu'une réduction négligeable des émissions, à coût social plus élevé que le taux imposé sur les émissions.
China's Trade Slowdown: Cyclical or Structural?
Authors: Qian Xuefeng , Liu Zhao , Pan Ying 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes whether the slowdown of China's trade in 2012–2015 was cyclical or structural, and further discusses the effects of structural factors, including trade structure, trade protectionism and global value chain participation. Using the national panel data from 2000 to 2015, based on the error correction model and import‐intensity‐adjusted demand model, our results show that the slowdown of China's trade growth in 2012–2015 was mainly a result of cyclical factors. Using 2000–2015 industry‐level data, we also find that the structure of trade goods had an inhibitory effect on the import slowdown but a positive effect on the export slowdown. Trade protectionism had an adverse effect on the trade growth slowdown. The global value chain participation marginally contributed to the slowdown in trade growth. Therefore, the impacts of structural factors on trade growth slowdown cannot be ignored, and related policies should receive greater attention from policy‐makers.
Contract Design in Processing Trade
Authors: Letizia Paolo 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTProcessing trade may involve buyers contracting with foreign producers to process and assemble intermediate inputs into a final product. The buyer may decide to either contractually control or delegate quality provision for his products. Quality control seems the obvious choice, especially in settings where the producer's production capability is not observable. Correspondingly, the traditional framework based on information asymmetry assigns no value to quality delegation, as the buyer's profits attained by contractually controlling quality can match those of any delegation arrangement. However, in practice, western buyers may also opt for delegating rather than controlling quality provision to their Chinese producers, which creates the need for a theoretical extension of the previous framework. In this article, we enrich the framework of information asymmetry by including expertise asymmetry, which reflects the producers' superior expertise in the production process. With expertise asymmetry, delegating quality may be beneficial as it allows the producer to leverage on his superior expertise and ultimately take more efficient quality decisions.
Microarray analysis of gene expression in the cyclooxygenase knockout mice – a connection to autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Rai‐Bhogal Ravneet , Ahmad Eizaaz , Li Hongyan , Crawford Dorota A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe cellular and molecular events that take place during brain development play an important role in governing function of the mature brain. Lipid‐signalling molecules such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) play an important role in healthy brain development. Abnormalities along the COX‐PGE2 signalling pathway due to genetic or environmental causes have been linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to evaluate the effect of altered COX‐PGE2 signalling on development and function of the prenatal brain using male mice lacking cyclooxygenase‐1 and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐1−/− and COX‐2−/−) as potential model systems of ASD. Microarray analysis was used to determine global changes in gene expression during embryonic days 16 (E16) and 19 (E19). Gene Ontology: Biological Process (GO:BP) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were implemented to identify affected developmental genes and cellular processes. We found that in both knockouts the brain at E16 had nearly twice as many differentially expressed genes, and affected biological pathways containing various ASD‐associated genes important in neuronal function. Interestingly, using GeneMANIA and Cytoscape we also show that the ASD‐risk genes identified in both COX‐1−/−and COX‐2−/− models belong to protein‐interaction networks important for brain development despite of different cellular localization of these enzymes. Lastly, we identified eight genes that belong to the Wnt signalling pathways exclusively in the COX‐2−/− mice at E16. The level of PKA‐phosphorylated β‐catenin (S552), a major activator of the Wnt pathway, was increased in this model, suggesting crosstalk between the COX‐2‐PGE2 and Wnt pathways during early brain development. Overall, these results provide further molecular insight into the contribution of the COX‐PGE2 pathways to ASD and demonstrate that COX‐1−/− and COX‐2−/− animals might be suitable new model systems for studying the disorders.
Recurrent sublethal warming reduces embryonic survival, inhibits juvenile growth, and alters species distribution projections under climate change
Authors: Carlo Michael A. , Riddell Eric A. , Levy Ofir , Sears Michael W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe capacity to tolerate climate change often varies across ontogeny in organisms with complex life cycles. Recently developed species distribution models incorporate traits across life stages; however, these life‐cycle models primarily evaluate effects of lethal change. Here, we examine impacts of recurrent sublethal warming on development and survival in ecological projections of climate change. We reared lizard embryos in the laboratory under temperature cycles that simulated contemporary conditions and warming scenarios. We also artificially warmed natural nests to mimic laboratory treatments. In both cases, recurrent sublethal warming decreased embryonic survival and hatchling sizes. Incorporating survivorship results into a mechanistic species distribution model reduced annual survival by up to 24% compared to models that did not incorporate sublethal warming. Contrary to models without sublethal effects, our model suggests that modest increases in developmental temperatures influence species ranges due to effects on survivorship.
Temperature‐dependent body size effects determine population responses to climate warming
Authors: Lindmark Max , Huss Magnus , Ohlberger Jan , Gårdmark Anna 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCurrent understanding of animal population responses to rising temperatures is based on the assumption that biological rates such as metabolism, which governs fundamental ecological processes, scale independently with body size and temperature, despite empirical evidence for interactive effects. Here, we investigate the consequences of interactive temperature‐ and size scaling of vital rates for the dynamics of populations experiencing warming using a stage‐structured consumer‐resource model. We show that interactive scaling alters population and stage‐specific responses to rising temperatures, such that warming can induce shifts in population regulation and stage‐structure, influence community structure and govern population responses to mortality. Analysing experimental data for 20 fish species, we found size–temperature interactions in intraspecific scaling of metabolic rate to be common. Given the evidence for size–temperature interactions and the ubiquity of size structure in animal populations, we argue that accounting for size‐specific temperature effects is pivotal for understanding how warming affects animal populations and communities.
Does it always pay to defend one's nest? A case study in African penguin
Authors: Traisnel Gwendoline , Pichegru Lorien 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThroughout the animal kingdom, individual variation in reproductive success is commonly observed, even under similar environmental conditions. However, the mechanisms behind such differences remain unclear. The notion of behavioural consistency in animals has developed rapidly since the early 21st century partly as an approach to understand among‐individual differences. In this context, a number of studies have highlighted the influence of pair assortment in personality on breeding success. In this study, we related breeding success to individual behaviour, specifically a risk‐taking behaviour, and pair assortment per behaviour in African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) over two breeding seasons of contrasting food availability. On Bird Island, Algoa Bay, South Africa, we used indices of boldness and overall mobility in penguins’ nest defence behaviour as a response to a standard pedestrian approach during chick‐rearing. These behaviours were consistent over the trials and indicated these traits may be related to personality in African penguins. Individuals were categorized as risk‐prone (“bold,” “mobile”) or risk‐averse (“shy,” “non‐mobile”). We then assessed their breeding success through chick growth and survival over 4 weeks in 2015 and 2016. There was weak positive assortment of pairs in relation to nest defence behaviour. However, pair assortment did not significantly influence birds’ breeding success. Shy penguins were generally the most successful (had the highest chick growth rates), which was especially apparent during a food shortage in 2016, possibly reflecting a higher energy investment when foraging. In contrast, chicks from bold parents grew significantly slower, especially in 2016. Bold parents may defend their nest successfully against predation or intra‐specific aggression when food is abundant, but when predation risks are limited and food availability is low, this strategy may not be beneficial. In the context of climate change, where food shortage events may become more frequent, risk‐averse individuals may be favoured and genetic diversity may be reduced in African penguins.
Pricing Sovereign Debt: Foreign versus Local Parameters
Authors: Bradley Michael , de Fontenay Elisabeth , de Lira Salvatierra Irving Arturo , Gulati Mitu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSovereign bonds may be issued under either local or foreign parameters. This decision involves a tradeoff between the sovereign retaining discretion in managing the issue and relinquishing control to third parties. Examining three key bond parameters − governing law, currency, and stock exchange listing − we find that investors generally consider foreign‐parameter debt to be less risky than comparable local‐parameter debt issued by same sovereign. By matching the foreign‐ and local‐parameter bonds of sovereigns that have issued both, we find that, with few exceptions, both investment grade and non‐investment grade sovereigns are able to issue their foreign‐parameter bonds at relatively lower yields.
Recreational sea fishing in Europe in a global context—Participation rates, fishing effort, expenditure, and implications for monitoring and assessment
Authors: Hyder Kieran , Weltersbach Marc Simon , Armstrong Mike , Ferter Keno , Townhill Bryony , Ahvonen Anssi , Arlinghaus Robert , Baikov Andrei , Bellanger Manuel , Birzaks Janis , Borch Trude , Cambie Giulia , de Graaf Martin , Diogo Hugo M C , Dziemian Łukasz , Gordoa Ana , Grzebielec Ryszard , Hartill Bruce , Kagervall Anders , Kapiris Kostas , Karlsson Martin , Kleiven Alf Ring , Lejk Adam M , Levrel Harold , Lovell Sabrina , Lyle Jeremy , Moilanen Pentti , Monkman Graham , Morales‐Nin Beatriz , Mugerza Estanis , Martinez Roi , O'Reilly Paul , Olesen Hans Jakob , Papadopoulos Anastasios , Pita Pablo , Radford Zachary , Radtke Krzysztof , Roche William , Rocklin Delphine , Ruiz Jon , Scougal Callum , Silvestri Roberto , Skov Christian , Steinback Scott , Sundelöf Andreas , Svagzdys Arvydas , Turnbull David , van der Hammen Tessa , van Voorhees David , van Winsen Frankwin , Verleye Thomas , Veiga Pedro , Vølstad Jon‐Helge , Zarauz Lucia , Zolubas Tomas , Strehlow Harry V 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMarine recreational fishing (MRF) is a high‐participation activity with large economic value and social benefits globally, and it impacts on some fish stocks. Although reporting MRF catches is a European Union legislative requirement, estimates are only available for some countries. Here, data on numbers of fishers, participation rates, days fished, expenditures, and catches of two widely targeted species were synthesized to provide European estimates of MRF and placed in the global context. Uncertainty assessment was not possible due to incomplete knowledge of error distributions; instead, a semi‐quantitative bias assessment was made. There were an estimated 8.7 million European recreational sea fishers corresponding to a participation rate of 1.6%. An estimated 77.6 million days were fished, and expenditure was €5.9 billion annually. There were higher participation, numbers of fishers, days fished and expenditure in the Atlantic than the Mediterranean, but the Mediterranean estimates were generally less robust. Comparisons with other regions showed that European MRF participation rates and expenditure were in the mid‐range, with higher participation in Oceania and the United States, higher expenditure in the United States, and lower participation and expenditure in South America and Africa. For both northern European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Moronidae) and western Baltic cod (Gadus morhua, Gadidae) stocks, MRF represented 27% of the total removals. This study highlights the importance of MRF and the need for bespoke, regular and statistically sound data collection to underpin European fisheries management. Solutions are proposed for future MRF data collection in Europe and other regions to support sustainable fisheries management.
Age‐0 blue catfish habitat use and population demographics in the middle Mississippi River
Authors: Seibert K. L. , Seibert J. R. , Phelps Q. E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe demographics (e.g. hatch time, growth and mortality) and habitat (macrohabitat and mesohabitat) use of age‐0 blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus (Lesueur) were evaluated in the un‐impounded reach of the middle Mississippi River during 2003–2010. Each year, island complexes and adjacent main river habitats were trawled, and 7,373 age‐0 blue catfish (10–144 mm total length) were collected. Blue catfish hatch timing varied slightly across years and generally began in June and ended in August. Age‐0 blue catfish growth rates and instantaneous mortality rates differed among years. Catch rates of age‐0 blue catfish were highest in side channels and around islands, whereas main channel habitats were infrequently occupied. Regarding mesohabitat use, age‐0 blue catfish frequently occupied low velocity areas (i.e. 0.3–0.4 m/s) of shallow depth (i.e. 1–4 m) and sand substratum. This study has provided insight into age‐0 blue catfish population dynamics and has highlighted the importance of specific habitat characteristics in large rivers that may aid in recruitment of this species.