bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-Toxoplasma gondii effects of XYP1-derived peptides and regulatory mechanisms of XYP1
Authors: Li Jing , Wu Kaijuan , Liu Xiaohua , Yang Dongqian , Xie Jing , Wang Yixiao , Liu Kang , Wang Zheng , Liu Wei , Jiang Liping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii , poses serious health issues for humans and animals. Individuals with impaired immune systems are more susceptible to severe toxoplasmosis. Pregnant women infected by T. gondii can face the possibility of birth defects and miscarriages. While pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine are commonly used drugs in clinical practice, concerns over their side effects and resistance are on the rise. A spider peptide XYP1 isolated from Lycosa coelestis had potent anti-T. gondii effects, but it had a high synthesis cost and strong cytotoxicity.

Methods
This study intended to modify XYP1 for producing derived peptides via amino acid truncation and substitution. The anti-T. gondii effect was evaluated by trypan blue staining assay and killing experiment of RH strain tachyzoites. The CCK8 and hemolysis assays were used to compare their safeties. The morphological changes of T. gondii were observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. In addition, the mechanism of XYP1 against T. gondii through RNA-sequencing was further explored.

Results
In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that XYP1-18 and XYP1-18-1 had excellent anti-T. gondii activity with lower cytotoxicity and hemolysis activity than XYP1. XYP1, XYP1-18, and XYP1-18-1 were able to disrupt the surface membrane integrity of T. gondii tachyzoites, forming pores and causing the disruption of organelles. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that XYP1 could stimulate the host immune response to effectively eliminate T. gondii and lessen the host’s inflammatory reaction.

Conclusions
XYP1-18 had lower cytotoxicity and hemolysis activity than XYP1, as well as significantly extending the survival time of the mice. XYP1 played a role in host inflammation and immune responses, revealing its potential mechanism. Our research provided valuable insights into the development and application of peptide-based drugs, offering novel strategies and directions for treating toxoplasmosis.

Graphical Abstract
A Bayesian model to analyse the association of comorbidities with biosimilar treatment retention in a non-medical switch scenario in patients with inflammatory rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases
Authors: Redeker Imke , Moustakis Stefan , Tsiami Styliani , Baraliakos Xenofon , Kiefer David , Andreica Ioana , Buehring Björn , Braun Jürgen , Kiltz Uta 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To analyse clinical outcomes of a non-medical switch from originator adalimumab (ADA) to its ABP501 biosimilar (ABP) over 6 months in patients with inflammatory rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) in relation to comorbidity as a risk factor for therapy discontinuation.

Methods
RMD patients switching from originator ADA to ABP were identified from a large routine database from October 2018 onwards. Documented clinical data at the time of non-medical switching (baseline), and at 3 and 6 months were collected. Comorbidities were represented by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) at baseline and patients were categorized based on CCI > 0. Differences in the ABP retention rate over 6 months between patients with CCI = 0 and patients with CCI > 0 were analysed using Bayesian exponential regression.

Results
A total of 111 patients with axial spondyloarthritis (n = 68), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 23) and psoriatic arthritis (n = 15), were identified, 74.8% of whom had continued treatment with ABP after 6 months, while a smaller proportion had either switched to another ADA biosimilar (10.8%), switched back to originator ADA (7.2%), switched to a different biologic (3.6%), or dropped out (3.6%). At baseline, a CCI > 0 was found in 38% of patients. Cardiovascular comorbidities (40%) were most prevalent followed by diseases of the skin (33%), the gastrointestinal tract (20%) and the eye (20%). ABP treatment was continued after 6 months in 74% of patients with CCI = 0 and in 76% with CCI > 0. Bayesian analysis showed only a small difference (months) in the APB continuation rate between groups (estimate 0.0012, 95% credible interval (CrI) -0.0337 to 0.0361). Adjusting for age, sex, and disease subtype revealed somewhat shorter retention rates for patients with CCI > 0, but the distribution of the difference included 0 (estimate -0.0689, 95% CrI -0.2246 to 0.0234).

Conclusion
In a non-medical switch scenario of RMD patients, there was no evidence for a considerable difference in ABP retention rates over 6 months between comorbidity groups.
Immune response caused by M1 macrophages elicits atrial fibrillation-like phenotypes in coculture model with isogenic hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Hutschalik Thomas , Özgül Ozan , Casini Marilù , Szabó Brigitta , Peyronnet Rémi , Bártulos Óscar , Argenziano Mariana , Schotten Ulrich , Matsa Elena 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation has an estimated prevalence of 1.5–2%, making it the most common cardiac arrhythmia. The processes that cause and sustain the disease are still not completely understood. An association between atrial fibrillation and systemic, as well as local, inflammatory processes has been reported. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this association have not been established. While it is understood that inflammatory macrophages can influence cardiac electrophysiology, a direct, causative relationship to atrial fibrillation has not been described. This study investigated the pro-arrhythmic effects of activated M1 macrophages on human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived atrial cardiomyocytes, to propose a mechanistic link between inflammation and atrial fibrillation.

Methods
Two hiPSC lines from healthy individuals were differentiated to atrial cardiomyocytes and M1 macrophages and integrated in an isogenic, pacing-free, atrial fibrillation-like coculture model. Electrophysiology characteristics of cocultures were analysed for beat rate irregularity, electrogram amplitude and conduction velocity using multi electrode arrays. Cocultures were additionally treated using glucocorticoids to suppress M1 inflammation. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on coculture-isolated atrial cardiomyocytes and compared to meta-analyses of atrial fibrillation patient transcriptomes.

Results
Multi electrode array recordings revealed M1 to cause irregular beating and reduced electrogram amplitude. Conduction analysis further showed significantly lowered conduction homogeneity in M1 cocultures. Transcriptome sequencing revealed reduced expression of key cardiac genes such as SCN5A, KCNA5, ATP1A1, and GJA5 in the atrial cardiomyocytes. Meta-analysis of atrial fibrillation patient transcriptomes showed high correlation to the in vitro model. Treatment of the coculture with glucocorticoids showed reversal of phenotypes, including reduced beat irregularity, improved conduction, and reversed RNA expression profiles.

Conclusions
This study establishes a causal relationship between M1 activation and the development of subsequent atrial arrhythmia, documented as irregularity in spontaneous electrical activation in atrial cardiomyocytes cocultured with activated macrophages. Further, beat rate irregularity could be alleviated using glucocorticoids. Overall, these results point at macrophage-mediated inflammation as a potential AF induction mechanism and offer new targets for therapeutic development. The findings strongly support the relevance of the proposed hiPSC-derived coculture model and present it as a first of its kind disease model.
Effects of observing own/others hand movement in different perspectives on mu rhythm suppression: an EEG study
Authors: Shin Nakyeong , Ikeda Yuki , Motomura Yuki , Higuchi Shigekazu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have reported that the sense of “self” is associated with specific brain regions and neural network activities. In addition, the mirror system, which functions when executing or observing an action, might contribute to differentiating the self from others and form the basis of the sense of self as a fundamental physical representation. This study investigated whether differences in mu suppression, an indicator of mirror system activity, reflect cognitions related to self-other discrimination.

Methods
The participants were 30 of healthy college students. The participants observed short video clips of hand movements performed by themselves or actors from two perspectives (i.e., first-person and third-person). The electroencephalogram (EEG) mu rhythm (8–13 Hz) was measured during video observation as an index of mirror neuron system activity. EEG activity related to self-detection was analyzed using participants’ hand movements as self-relevant stimuli.

Results
The results showed that mu suppression in the 8–13-Hz range exhibited perspective-dependent responses to self/other stimuli. There was a significant self-oriented mu suppression response in the first-person perspective. However, the study found no significant response orientation in the third-person perspective. The results suggest that mirror system activity may involve self-other discrimination differently depending on the perspective.

Conclusions
In summary, this study examined the mirror system’s activity for self and others using the EEG’s mu suppression. As a result, it was suggested that differences in self and others or perspectives may influence mu suppression.
Preprocedural cardiac computed tomography versus transesophageal echocardiography for planning left atrial appendage occlusion procedures
Authors: Soh Bing Wei Thaddeus , Gracias Carlos Sebastian , Sim Wee Han , Killip Michael , Waters Max , Millar Kevin P. , O’Brien Julie M. , Kiernan Thomas J. , Arnous Samer 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe heterogeneous anatomy of the left atrial appendage (LAA) necessitates preprocedural imaging essential for planning of percutaneous LAA occlusion (LAAO) procedures. While transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) remains the gold standard, cardiac computed tomography (CT) is becoming increasingly popular. To address the lack of consensus on the optimal imaging modality, we compared the outcomes of preprocedural TOE versus CT for LAAO procedure planning. A retrospective single-center cohort study of all LAAO procedures was performed to compare the outcomes of patients receiving preprocedural TOE versus those receiving CT. The primary outcome was procedural success and rate of major adverse events. The secondary outcomes were total procedure time, rate of device size change, and maximum landing zone diameter. A total of 64 patients was included. Of these, 25 (39.1%) underwent TOE and 39 (60.9%) underwent CT. There was no significant difference in the procedural success rate (96.0% vs. 100%, P = 0.39) or major adverse event rate (4.0% vs. 5.1%, P > 0.99) between TOE and CT patients. Compared with TOE, CT was associated with significantly shorter median procedure time (103 min vs. 124 min, P = 0.02) and a lower rate of device size change (7.7% vs. 28.0%, P = 0.04). Compared to CT, TOE was associated with a significantly smaller mean maximum landing zone diameter (20.8 mm vs. 25.8 mm, P < 0.01) and a higher rate of device upsizing (24.0% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.01). No significant difference in detected residual leak rates was found between TOE and CT (50.0% vs. 52.2%, P > 0.99). Planning of LAAO procedures with CT is associated with a shorter total procedure time and a lower rate of device size change and is less likely to underestimate the maximum landing zone diameter.
Risk Stratification in Older Intensively Treated Patients With AML
Authors: Versluis Jurjen , Metzner Marlen , Wang Ariel , Gradowska Patrycja , Thomas Abin , Jakobsen Niels Asger , Kennedy Alison , Moore Rachel , Boertjes Emma , Vonk Christian M. , Kavelaars Francois G. , Rijken Melissa , Gilkes Amanda , Schwab Claire , Beverloo H. Berna , Manz Markus , Visser Otto , Van Elssen Catharina H.M.J. , de Weerdt Okke , Tick Lidwine W. , Biemond Bart J. , Vekemans Marie-Christiane , Freeman Sylvie D. , Harrison Christine J. , Cook Jonathan A. , Dennis Mike , Knapper Steven , Thomas Ian , Craddock Charles , Ossenkoppele Gert J. , Löwenberg Bob , Russell Nigel , Valk Peter J.M. , Vyas Paresh 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE
AML is a genetically heterogeneous disease, particularly in older patients. In patients older than 60 years, survival rates are variable after the most important curative approach, intensive chemotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Thus, there is an urgent need in clinical practice for a prognostic model to identify older patients with AML who benefit from curative treatment.

METHODS
We studied 1,910 intensively treated patients older than 60 years with AML and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (HR-MDS) from two cohorts (NCRI-AML18 and HOVON-SAKK). The median patient age was 67 years. Using a random survival forest, clinical, molecular, and cytogenetic variables were evaluated in an AML development cohort (n = 1,204) for association with overall survival (OS). Relative weights of selected variables determined the prognostic model, which was validated in AML (n = 491) and HR-MDS cohorts (n = 215).

RESULTS

The complete cohort had a high frequency of poor-risk features, including 2022 European LeukemiaNet adverse-risk (57.3%), mutated
TP53
(14.4%), and myelodysplasia-related genetic features (65.1%). Nine variables were used to construct four groups with highly distinct 4-year OS in the (1) AML development, (2) AML validation, and (3) HR-MDS test cohorts ([1] favorable: 54% ± 4%, intermediate: 38% ± 2%, poor: 21% ± 2%, very poor: 4% ± 1%; [2] 54% ± 9%, 43% ± 4%, 27% ± 4%, 4% ± 3%; and [3] 54% ± 10%, 33% ± 6%, 14% ± 5%, 0% ± 3%, respectively). This new AML60+ classification improves current prognostic classifications. Importantly, patients within the AML60+ intermediate- and very poor-risk group significantly benefited from allo-HCT, whereas the poor-risk patients showed an indication, albeit nonsignificant, for improved outcome after allo-HCT.

CONCLUSION
The new AML60+ classification provides prognostic information for intensively treated patients 60 years and older with AML and HR-MDS and identifies patients who benefit from intensive chemotherapy and allo-HCT.
Personalized Therapy Selection by Integration of Molecular Cancer Classification by the 92-Gene Assay and Tumor Profiling in Patients With Cancer of Unknown Primary
Authors: Fuentes Bayne Harry E. , Kasi Pashtoon M. , Ma Li , Hart Lowell L. , Wong Jenna , Spigel David R. , Schnabel Catherine A. , Reeves James A. , Halfdanarson Thorvardur R. , Treuner Kai , Greco F. Anthony 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a syndrome comprising metastatic cancers without a clinically identified primary site. Although patients with CUP have an unfavorable prognosis, treatment with site-specific therapies guided by clinical features, standard pathology, and molecular assays can improve overall survival. The 92-gene assay (CancerTYPE ID) is a gene expression–based classifier that helps identify the tissue of origin for metastatic cancers with unknown or uncertain diagnoses. This study reports the frequency of selected molecular aberrations of oncogenes, including KRAS, IDH1/2, BRCA1/2, and BRAF, in patients with CUP in the MOSAIC database to highlight potential treatment options. METHODS MOSAIC is a database of patients with CUP submitted for CancerTYPE ID testing and NeoTYPE biomarker testing. Tumor biopsy samples were analyzed by CancerTYPE ID for tumor type identification and further tested for molecular aberrations of oncogenes, including KRAS, IDH1/2, BRCA1/2, and BRAF. RESULTS CancerTYPE ID identified a specific tumor type in 92.5% (2,929 of 3,168) of CUP cases in the MOSAIC database. The most commonly identified histological type was adenocarcinoma (75.4%), with pancreaticobiliary being the most common molecularly diagnosed cancer (24.9%). Aberrations in KRAS, IDH1/2, BRCA, and BRAF genes were identified in 18.8% (n = 597) of biopsies. A cancer-specific US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved or investigational targeted therapy was potentially available for 24.6% (n = 147) of these patients. CONCLUSION This retrospective analysis supports incorporating CancerTYPE ID into the evaluation for patients with CUP to help determine the tissue of origin and identify actionable genetic alterations. This approach may allow more patients with CUP to benefit from site-specific FDA-approved targeted therapies or enrollment into clinical trials.
Scaling properties of particle density fluctuations at LHC energies
Authors: Singh Arpit , Kumar Ashwini , Chandra Anuj , Singh Sweta , Ahmad Shakeel , Singh B. K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The availability of high-multiplicity events at LHC energies provides a unique opportunity to examine the nature of phase-transition (PT) in heavy-ion collisions. Within the framework of HYDJET++ model, a systematic study of particle density fluctuations in narrow phase-space bins in Pb-Pb collisions at

and 5.02 TeV energies is performed using the method of scaled factorial moments (SFM). The findings reveal the presence of intermittency in the 2-dimensional (2D) phase space distribution of charged particles at the LHC energies. The anomalous fractal dimensions, d

q
, are observed to increase with the order of the moments q, suggesting the multifractal nature of the charged particle production. The parameter λ

q
is found to exhibit a monotonically decreasing trend with the order of the moments but with no clear minima in λ

q
values. Furthermore, the value of the critical exponent is estimated and compared with those predicted by other models reported at RHIC and LHC energies. The value of the critical exponent, ν, obtained in the present study, shows significant departure from the value ∼1.304, as expected for the Ginzberg-Landau (GL) type second-order PT but exhibits a good level of agreement with the results obtained by other models at LHC energies.
Rapid multispectral image identification of coal and gangue based on super-resolution reconstruction
Authors: Wang Qingya , Wu Zhenyun , Shao Haijun , Qin Yaozu , Yu Fen , Tao Liangliang 
Published: September 2024

Accurate coal and gangue separation is crucial for efficient coal utilization. Multispectral imaging (MSI) offers a promising approach but often suffers from limited resolution, hindering accurate identification. This study proposes, a novel method, to our knowledge, combining super-resolution (SR) reconstruction and machine learning to enhance coal and gangue identification in MSI. A spectral attention mechanism and an enhanced multi-scale residual network with GAN (SAM-EMSR-GAN) were developed and evaluated alongside four established SR methods: SRCNN, VDSR, ESRGAN, and DRMSFFN. MSI images of 300 coal and 300 gangue samples were reconstructed, using each method to compare their performance. SAM-EMSR-GAN achieved superior reconstruction, attaining the highest structural similarity index (SSIM) of 0.906 and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 32.97 at 4× magnification. The study further investigated the combination of the SR method with seven widely used classification models: CatBoost, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), least squares support vector machines (LSSVMs), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), ResNet50, and ResNet101. CatBoost consistently delivered the highest classification accuracy across all SR methods, reaching 97.32% accuracy at 959.37 nm when paired with SAM-EMSR-GAN. Independent validation using a separate dataset confirmed the robustness of this approach, achieving a 92.49% accuracy. These findings demonstrate the potential of combining SAM-EMSR-GAN and CatBoost for accurate and efficient coal and gangue identification, paving the way for intelligent and automated coal sorting technologies.
1.07  µm laser ablation behavior of polycarbosilane based reflective/ablative composite coatings on the surface of graphite
Authors: Yu Leyangyang , Zhao Fangxia , Zhang Zhenzhong , Cai Jia , Niu Yaran , Zheng Xuebin 
Published: September 2024

For the development of protective coatings for kilowatt-level lasers on the surface of carbon based materials, this paper proposes the idea of recombining polycarbosilane (PCS) based reflective/ablative coatings on the surface of SiC/ZrC-SiC (ZS) anti-ablative coatings based on the characteristics of high reflectivity and the consumption of part laser energy in the process of PCS pyrolysis. ZS anti-ablation coatings, and SiC/ZrC−SiC/PCS−TiO2 (ZPT) and SiC/ZrC−SiC/PCS−Y2O3 (ZPY) anti-ablation-reflection/ablation coatings were prepared on the surface of graphite by the slurry method combined with a vacuum plasma spray (VPS) technique. Laser ablation behavior of the three coatings on a 1.07 µm YAG laser was systematically studied. The results show that under different laser power densities ablation for 2 s, the ZPT and ZPY coatings have better laser protection effects compared to the ZS coating. The laser protection performance order of the three coatings is ZPY > ZPT > ZS at 1121W/cm2 laser power density. The ZPY coating can provide about 3 s of protection, while ZPT and ZS coatings can only provide about 1 s against the initial oxidation of graphite substrate in air. This is due to the high reflectivity as well as the partial consumption of laser energy due to PCS pyrolysis of ZPT and ZPY coatings. Additionally, the TiO2, TiC, and Ti3O5 phases generated during the ablation process of the ZPT coating and the Y2SiO5, SiC, and SiO2 phases generated during the ablation process of the ZPY coating can continuously protect the underlying coating. The high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient of Y2O3 in the ZPY coating are beneficial for alleviating the thermal stress of the coating. At the same time, the Y2SiO5 phase generated by the Y2O3 addition phase during the PCS pyrolysis process is more effective in inhibiting the volume expansion during the PCS pyrolysis process compared to TiO2. This work is expected to provide reference for the design of new, to the best of our knowledge, laser resistant composite coatings.