bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target Deconvolution Efforts on Wnt Pathway Screen Reveal Dual Modulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation and SERCA2
Authors: Casás‐Selves Matias , Zhang Andrew X. , Dowling James E. , Hallén Stefan , Kawatkar Aarti , Pace Nicholas J. , Denz Christopher R. , Pontz Timothy , Garahdaghi Farzin , Cao Qing , Sabirsh Alan , Thakur Kumar , O'Connell Nichole , Hu Jun , Cornella‐Taracido Iván , Weerapana Eranthie , Zinda Michael , Goodnow Robert A. , Castaldi M. Paola 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWnt signaling is critical for development, cell proliferation and differentiation, and mutations in this pathway resulting in constitutive signaling have been implicated in various cancers. A pathway screen using a Wnt‐dependent reporter identified a chemical series based on a 1,2,3‐thiadiazole‐5‐carboxamide (TDZ) core with sub‐micromolar potency. Herein we report a comprehensive mechanism‐of‐action deconvolution study toward identifying the efficacy target(s) and biological implication of this chemical series involving bottom‐up quantitative chemoproteomics, cell biology, and biochemical methods. Through observing the effects of our probes on metabolism and performing confirmatory cellular and biochemical assays, we found that this chemical series inhibits ATP synthesis by uncoupling the mitochondrial potential. Affinity chemoproteomics experiments identified sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+‐dependent ATPase (SERCA2) as a binding partner of the TDZ series, and subsequent validation studies suggest that the TDZ series can act as ionophores through SERCA2 toward Wnt pathway inhibition.
Specific and spatial labeling of P0‐Cre versus Wnt1‐Cre in cranial neural crest in early mouse embryos
Authors: Chen Guiqian , Ishan Mohamed , Yang Jingwen , Kishigami Satoshi , Fukuda Tomokazu , Scott Greg , Ray Manas K. , Sun Chenming , Chen Shi‐You , Komatsu Yoshihiro , Mishina Yuji , Liu Hong‐Xiang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractP0‐Cre and Wnt1‐Cre mouse lines have been widely used in combination with loxP‐flanked mice to label and genetically modify neural crest (NC) cells and their derivatives. Wnt1‐Cre has been regarded as the gold standard and there have been concerns about the specificity of P0‐Cre because it is not clear about the timing and spatial distribution of the P0‐Cre transgene in labeling NC cells at early embryonic stages. We re‐visited P0‐Cre and Wnt1‐Cre models in the labeling of NC cells in early mouse embryos with a focus on cranial NC. We found that R26‐lacZ Cre reporter responded to Cre activity more reliably than CAAG‐lacZ Cre reporter during early embryogenesis. Cre immunosignals in P0‐Cre and reporter (lacZ and RFP) activity in P0‐Cre/R26‐lacZ and P0‐Cre/R26‐RFP embryos was detected in the cranial NC and notochord regions in E8.0–9.5 (4–19 somites) embryos. P0‐Cre transgene expression was observed in migrating NC cells and was more extensive in the forebrain and hindbrain but not apparent in the midbrain. Differences in the Cre distribution patterns of P0‐Cre and Wnt1‐Cre were profound in the midbrain and hindbrain regions, that is, extensive in the midbrain of Wnt1‐Cre and in the hindbrain of P0‐Cre embryos. The difference between P0‐Cre and Wnt1‐Cre in labeling cranial NC may provide a better explanation of the differential distributions of their NC derivatives and of the phenotypes caused by Cre‐driven genetic modifications.
Improving the assessment of predator functional responses by considering alternate prey and predator interactions
Authors: Chan K. , Boutin S. , Hossie T. J. , Krebs C. J. , O'Donoghue M. , Murray D. L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo improve understanding of the complex and variable patterns of predator foraging behavior in natural systems, it is critical to determine how density‐dependent predation and predator hunting success are mediated by alternate prey or predator interference. Despite considerable theory and debate seeking to place predator–prey interactions in a more realistic context, few empirical studies have quantified the role of alternate prey or intraspecific interactions on predator–prey dynamics. We assessed functional responses of two similarly sized, sympatric carnivores, lynx (Lynx canadensis) and coyotes (Canis latrans), foraging on common primary (snowshoe hares;Lepus americanus) and alternate (red squirrels;Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) prey in a natural system. Lynx exhibited a hyperbolic prey‐dependent response to changes in hare density, which is characteristic of predators relying primarily on a single prey species. In contrast, the lynx–squirrel response was found to be linear ratio dependent, or inversely dependent on hare density. The coyote–hare and coyote–squirrel interactions also were linear and influenced by predator density. We explain these novel results by apparent use of spatial and temporal refuges by prey, and the likelihood that predators commonly experience interference and lack of satiation when foraging. Our study provides empirical support from a natural predator–prey system that (1) predation rate may not be limited at high prey densities when prey are small or rarely captured; (2) interference competition may influence the predator functional response; and (3) predator interference has a variable role across different prey types. Ultimately, distinct functional responses of predators to different prey types illustrates the complexity associated with predator–prey interactions in natural systems and highlights the need to investigate predator behavior and predation rate in relation to the broader ecological community.
Robustness of metacommunities with omnivory to habitat destruction: disentangling patch fragmentation from patch loss
Authors: Liao Jinbao , Bearup Daniel , Wang Yeqiao , Nijs Ivan , Bonte Dries , Li Yuanheng , Brose Ulrich , Wang Shaopeng , Blasius Bernd 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHabitat destruction, characterized by patch loss and fragmentation, is a major driving force of species extinction, and understanding its mechanisms has become a central issue in biodiversity conservation. Numerous studies have explored the effect of patch loss on food web dynamics, but ignored the critical role of patch fragmentation. Here we develop an extended patch‐dynamic model for a tri‐trophic omnivory system with trophic‐dependent dispersal in fragmented landscapes. We found that species display different vulnerabilities to both patch loss and fragmentation, depending on their dispersal range and trophic position. The resulting trophic structure varies depending on the degree of habitat loss and fragmentation, due to a tradeoff between bottom‐up control on omnivores (dominated by patch loss) and dispersal limitation on intermediate consumers (dominated by patch fragmentation). Overall, we find that omnivory increases system robustness to habitat destruction relative to a simple food chain.
Integrating count and detection–nondetection data to model population dynamics
Authors: Zipkin Elise F. , Rossman Sam , Yackulic Charles B. , Wiens J. David , Thorson James T. , Davis Raymond J. , Grant Evan H. Campbell 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThere is increasing need for methods that integrate multiple data types into a single analytical framework as the spatial and temporal scale of ecological research expands. Current work on this topic primarily focuses on combining capture–recapture data from marked individuals with other data types into integrated population models. Yet, studies of species distributions and trends often rely on data from unmarked individuals across broad scales where local abundance and environmental variables may vary. We present a modeling framework for integrating detection–nondetection and count data into a single analysis to estimate population dynamics, abundance, and individual detection probabilities during sampling. Our dynamic population model assumes that site‐specific abundance can change over time according to survival of individuals and gains through reproduction and immigration. The observation process for each data type is modeled by assuming that every individual present at a site has an equal probability of being detected during sampling processes. We examine our modeling approach through a series of simulations illustrating the relative value of count vs. detection–nondetection data under a variety of parameter values and survey configurations. We also provide an empirical example of the model by combining long‐term detection–nondetection data (1995–2014) with newly collected count data (2015–2016) from a growing population of Barred Owl (Strix varia) in the Pacific Northwest to examine the factors influencing population abundance over time. Our model provides a foundation for incorporating unmarked data within a single framework, even in cases where sampling processes yield different detection probabilities. This approach will be useful for survey design and to researchers interested in incorporating historical or citizen science data into analyses focused on understanding how demographic rates drive population abundance.
Habitat size modulates the influence of heterogeneity on species richness patterns in a model zooplankton community
Authors: Schuler Matthew S. , Chase Jonathan M. , Knight Tiffany M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHabitat heterogeneity is a primary mechanism influencing species richness. Despite the general expectation that increased heterogeneity should increase species richness, there is considerable variation in the observed relationship, including many studies that show negative effects of heterogeneity on species richness. One mechanism that can create such disparate results is the predicted trade‐off between habitat area and heterogeneity, sometimes called the area‐heterogeneity‐trade‐off (AHTO) hypothesis. The AHTO hypothesis predicts positive effects of heterogeneity on species richness in large habitats, but negative effects in small habitats. We examined the interplay between habitat size and habitat heterogeneity in experimental mesocosms that mimic freshwater ponds, and measured responses in a species‐rich zooplankton community. We used the AHTO hypothesis and related mechanisms to make predictions about how heterogeneity would affect species richness and diversity in large compared to small habitats. We found that heterogeneity had a positive influence on species richness in large, but not small habitats, and that this likely resulted because habitat specialists were able to persist only when habitat size was sufficiently large, consistent with the predictions of the AHTO hypothesis. Our results emphasize the importance of considering context (e.g., habitat size in this case) when investigating the relative importance of ecological drivers of diversity, like heterogeneity.
Improved sensitivity by post‐column chemical environment modification of CE‐ESI‐MS using a flow‐through microvial interface
Authors: Risley Jessica May , Chen David Da Yong 
Published: March 2017

Post‐column chemical environment modification can affect detection sensitivity and signal appearance when capillary electrophoresis is coupled through electrospray ionization to mass spectrometry (CE‐ESI‐MS). In this study, changes in the signal intensity and peak shape of N‐Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were examined when the modifier solution used in a flow‐through microvial interface for CE‐ESI‐MS was prepared using an acidic or basic background electrolyte (BGE) composition. The use of a basic modifier resulted in improved detection compared to the results obtained when an acidic modifier was used in negative ion mode. Increased sensitivity and more symmetrical peak shape were obtained. Using an acidic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 47.7 nM, whereas for a basic modifier, the LOD of Neu5Ac was 5.20 nM. The calculated asymmetry factor at 100 nM of Neu5Ac ranged from 0.71 to 1.5 when an acidic modifier was used, while the factor ranged from 1.0 to 1.1 when a basic modifier was used. Properly chosen post‐column chemical modification can have a significant effect on the performance of the CE‐MS system.
An Improved Multievaporator Adsorption Desalination Cycle for Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad W. , Ng Kim C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, cogeneration‐based desalination processes consume almost 25 % of the total annual energy, and this number increases annually by 2.2 %. The high demand for fresh water can be attributed to the high gross domestic product growth rate, 24 %, and high water languishes, which are more than 10 %. Over the past two decades, GCC countries have spent tens of billions of dollars to expand their present and planned desalination capacities. It is foreseeable that with a business‐as‐usual scenario, the domestic oil consumption of Saudi Arabia may exceed its production capacity by 2040. Innovative and sustainable water production solutions are urgently needed for future water supplies without an environment impact. In this paper, a hybrid desalination cycle is proposed by integrating a cascade evaporator (CE) system with an adsorption (AD) cycle. In this new innovative cycle, desorbed vapors from the AD are supplied to the CE to exploit the latent condensation energy within the evaporators arranged in both pressure and temperature cascades to improve the performance ratio of the cycle. Water production is improved more than tenfold with the hybrid cycle relative to that observed for the conventional AD cycle owing to a synergetic effect. This concept is demonstrated in a laboratory pilot plant with a cascade of three evaporators and simulation of eight evaporators.
Three‐Component Functional Additive in a LiPF6‐Based Carbonate Electrolyte for a High‐Voltage LiCoO2/Graphite Battery System
Authors: Pang Chunguang , Xu Gaojie , An Weizhong , Ding Guoliang , Liu Xiaochen , Chai Jingchao , Ma Jun , Liu Haisheng , Cui Guanglei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe effectiveness of multicomponent functional additives on the performances of lithium ion batteries has received increasing attention. Tris(2H‐hexafluoroisopropyl) borate (THFPB) additive can totally suppress the appearance of a crystallized complex between LiPF6 and adiponitrile (ADN). Herein, ADN, THFPB, and cyclohexylbenzene are demonstrated to be an effective three‐component functional additive in LiPF6‐based carbonate electrolyte that improves the cyclability and rate capabilities of LiCoO2/graphite full cells charged to 4.4, 4.45, and 4.5 V, respectively. By systematic characterization, it is demonstrated rationally that, with the help of the three‐component functional additive, the electrolyte is stabilized and new types of less resistant, thinner, more protective solid–electrolyte interfaces are constructed simultaneously on the surfaces of both electrodes.
Development of the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0
Authors: Schulte Erica M. , Gearhardt Ashley N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) operationalizes indicators of addictive‐like eating, originally based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition Text Revision (DSM‐IV‐TR) criteria for substance‐use disorders. The YFAS has multiple adaptations, including a briefer scale (mYFAS). Recently, the YFAS 2.0 was developed to reflect changes to diagnostic criteria in the DSM‐5. The current study developed a briefer version of the YFAS 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) using the participant sample from the YFAS 2.0 validation paper (n = 536). Then, in an independent sample recruited from Mechanical Turk, 213 participants completed the mYFAS 2.0, YFAS 2.0, and measures of eating‐related constructs in order to evaluate the psychometric properties of the mYFAS 2.0, relative to the YFAS 2.0. The mYFAS 2.0 and YFAS 2.0 performed similarly on indexes of reliability, convergent validity with related constructs (e.g. weight cycling), discriminant validity with distinct measures (e.g. dietary restraint) and incremental validity evidenced by associations with frequency of binge eating beyond a measure of disinhibited eating. The mYFAS 2.0 may be an appropriate choice for studies prioritizing specificity when assessing for addictive‐like eating or when a briefer measurement of food addiction is needed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Narrow‐band imaging in transoral laser surgery for early glottic cancer in relation to clinical outcome
Authors: Plaat Boudewijn E. C. , Zwakenberg Manon A. , van Zwol Joost G. , Wedman Jan , van der Laan Bernard F. A. M. , Halmos György B. , Dikkers Frederik G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to validate the prognostic value of adding narrow‐band imaging (NBI) during transoral laser surgery (TLS) for early glottic cancer.MethodsIn 84 patients, 93 transoral laser resections were performed for carcinoma in situ (Tcis), T1, or T2 glottic cancer. TLS was preceded by intraoperative evaluation using traditional white‐light imaging (WLI) in 51 cases. In 42 cases, NBI was used in addition to WLI. Local recurrence rate and recurrence‐free survival were retrospectively compared between both groups.ResultsLocal recurrences developed in 14% of the 93 cases: 12 of 51 patients (24%) were treated by TLS based on WLI alone, and in 1 of 42 patients (2%) in the NBI group (P < .01). Two‐year recurrence‐free survival was 82% in the WLI group and 98% in the NBI group (P < .05).ConclusionAdditional use of NBI during TLS for early glottic cancer significantly improves clinical outcome.
Endocavitary sonography of early oral cavity malignant tumors
Authors: Angelelli Giuseppe , Moschetta Marco , Limongelli Luisa , Albergo Annamaria , Lacalendola Emanuela , Brindicci Francesco , Favia Gianfranco , Maiorano Eugenio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative staging is crucial for oral cancer management. The purpose of this study was to assess the tumor thickness using ultrasound and to correlate the level of histological infiltration with the tumor superficial extension and lesion thickness.MethodsThirty‐two subjects affected by oral cavity carcinoma were prospectively evaluated with intraoral ultrasound. The ultrasound sensitivity, the correlation between the ultrasound level of infiltration, and lesion diameters and thickness were assessed.ResultsA 91% ultrasound sensitivity was found with no significant correlation between tumor diameter and level of histological infiltration (P >.05). A thickness of <2 mm was associated to tumor extension to the lamina propria, a value of >6 mm to muscular layer infiltration. Lymph adenopathies were identified in 21% of cases, associated to muscular layer infiltration in all cases.ConclusionIn the study of early oral cavity tumors, ultrasound is accurate for demonstrating the level of tumor infiltration and contributes to the therapeutic choice.
BPS804 Anti-Sclerostin Antibody in Adults With Moderate Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Results of a Randomized Phase 2a Trial
Authors: Glorieux Francis H , Devogelaer Jean-Pierre , Durigova Michaela , Goemaere Stefan , Hemsley Sarah , Jakob Franz , Junker Uwe , Ruckle Jon , Seefried Lothar , Winkle Peter J 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

This 21-week, open-label, phase 2a trial aimed to evaluate the pharmacodynamics and safety of multiple, escalating infusions of BPS804, a neutralizing, anti-sclerostin antibody, in adults with moderate osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Patients received BPS804 (three escalating doses each separated by 2 weeks [5, 10, and 20 mg/kg]) or no treatment (reference group). The primary efficacy endpoints were mean changes from baseline to day 43 in: procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), procollagen type 1 C-terminal propeptide (P1CP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), osteocalcin (OC), and type 1 collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX-1). Mean change from baseline to day 141 in lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was also assessed. BPS804 safety and tolerability were assessed every 2 weeks. Overall, 14 adults were enrolled (BPS804 group: n = 9, mean age 30.7 years, mean aBMD Z-score –2.6; reference group, n = 5, mean age 27.4 years, mean aBMD Z-score –2.2). In the BPS804 group, P1NP, P1CP, BSAP, and OC were increased by 84% (p &lt; 0.001), 53% (p = 0.003), 59% (p &lt; 0.001), and 44% (p = 0.012), respectively, versus baseline (reference: P1NP, +6% [p = 0.651]; P1CP, +5% [p = 0.600]; BSAP, –13% [p = 0.582]; OC, –19% [p = 0.436]). BPS804 treatment downregulated CTX-1 by 44% from baseline (reference: –7%; significance was not tested for this biomarker), and increased aBMD by 4% (p = 0.038; reference group: +1%; p = 0.138). BPS804 was generally well tolerated. There were 32 adverse events reported in nine patients; none was suspected to be treatment-related. There were no treatment-related fractures. BPS804 stimulates bone formation, reduces bone resorption, and increases lumbar spine aBMD in adults with moderate OI. This paves the way for a longer-term, phase 3 trial into the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of BPS804 in patients with OI. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Quality evaluation of ultra‐thin samples: Application to graphene
Authors: Cui K. , Bosnick K. , Indoe R. , Malac M. , Mcleod R. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMany new materials emerging are strictly two dimensional (2D), often only one or two monolayers thick. They include transition metal dichalcogenides, such as MoS2, and graphene. Graphene in particular appears to have many potential applications. Typically the crystalline film without contamination is of interest. Therefore, a reliable method is needed to routinely evaluate the quality of the synthesized samples. Here, we present one such candidate method that utilizes standard electron diffraction and low/medium magnification imaging in a rudimentary transmission electron microscope. The electron irradiation dose is very low thus reducing electron irradiation damage of the investigated samples. As an example, the method was applied to the evaluation of as‐grown graphene sample quality and a study on heating‐induced change in graphene. It can be used to evaluate the volume and areal ratio of crystalline to noncrystalline component. The method is amiable to automated film quality evaluation.
Percutaneous and endoscopic gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis: international multicenter comparative study using propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Itoi Takao , Takada Tadahiro , Hwang Tsann‐Long , Endo Itaru , Akazawa Kohei , Miura Fumihiko , Chen Miin‐Fu , Jan Yi‐Yin , Ker Chen‐Guo , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Gomi Harumi , Yokoe Masamichi , Kiriyama Seiki , Wada Keita , Yamaue Hiroki , Miyazaki Masaru , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundTokyo Guideline 2013 (TG13) proposed three drainage techniques for the treatment of acute cholecystitis. We evaluated the clinical efficacy and adverse events between percutaneous transhepatic intervention (PTGBI) including percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) and percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration (PTGBA) and endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (EGBD).MethodsA cohort study was performed using propensity score matching to reduce treatment selection bias. This involved the analysis of collected data for 1,764 patients who underwent PTGBI and EGBD.ResultsPropensity score matching extracted 330 pairs of patients. The difference in the clinical success rate within 3 days between PTGBI and EGBD were 62.5% and 69.8%, respectively (P = 0.085). The differences in the suboptimal clinical success rates within 7 days between PTGBI and EGBD were 87.6% and 89.2% (P = 0.579). The differences in the complication rate between PTGBI and EGBD were 4.8% and 8.2% (P = 0.083). The differences in the complication rate among PTGBD, PTGBA and EGBD were 5.6%, 1.6% and 8.2% (P = 0.11). Median required days of PTGBD (3.0 days) was significantly longer than those of PTGBA and EGBD (1.5 and 2.0 days, respectively) (P = 0.001).ConclusionThe current study showed the PTGBI showed similar clinical efficacy compared with EGBD without significant discrepancy of complication rate for the treatment of acute cholecystitis.