bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Rheumatology-specific Patient Concerns Inventory and Its Use in the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic Setting
Authors: Ahmed Ashar E. , Lowe Derek , Kirton Jennifer A. , O’Brien Mary R. , Mediana Ayren , Frankland Helen , Bruce Hannah , Kennedy Tom , Rogers Simon N. , Moots Robert J. 
Published: February 2016

Objective.Successful management of rheumatic conditions involves increasing complexity of care. Delivering this in a holistic way is a growing challenge. The aim of our study was to develop a Patient Concerns Inventory (PCI) and assess it in the rheumatology clinic setting.Methods.This observational exploratory study occurred with 2 phases. In phase I, the PCI was developed after a systematic literature search, expert opinion, and 3 patient focus group discussions. In phase II, the PCI was piloted in a general rheumatology clinic.Results.Fifty-four patients were assessed in the pre-PCI group and 51 in the post-PCI group. Median (IQR) duration of consultation was 8 min (5–14) without PCI and 15 min (10–20) with PCI. The pre-PCI group raised 335 concerns from 50 patients, median (IQR) of 5 (3–10) per patient, rising post-PCI to 521 concerns, median (IQR) of 9 (5–16) from 51 patients, p = 0.002. Additional concerns predominantly arose from “physical and functional well-being” and “social care and well-being” domains. Most patients rated their experience with their doctor in the consultation as excellent or outstanding across all 11 questions in the questionnaire, both before and after the introduction of the PCI to the clinic setting.Conclusion.The PCI is a useful holistic needs assessment tool for rheumatology clinics. Although its use may initially prolong the consultation slightly, patients can raise a significantly higher number of concerns, which does not occur at the expense of patient satisfaction. This may help in identifying areas of unmet needs that previously went unnoticed.
Le passage à l’acte adolescent
Authors: Hachet Amal 
Published: February 2016

Éric, un adolescent de 17 ans, a commis une tentative d’homicide à l’encontre d’un sans domicile fixe, M. D, 50 ans. Ce passage à l’acte s’est produit après une rencontre violente entre Éric et un homme qui a fait preuve d’autorité brutale à son encontre et l’a chassé d’un immeuble où il avait trouvé refuge. Il équivaut sur le plan fantasmatique à un « parricide ». À ce titre, ce passage à l’acte constitue une tentative ratée de production du sujet, laquelle répond à ce qui fait symptôme dans le social et, dans le cas d’Éric, identifie le sujet à un déchet.
Field performance of malaria rapid diagnostic test for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Odisha State, India
Authors: Sahu S.S. , Gunasekaran K. , Jambulingam P. 
Published: February 2016

Background & objectives:
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have become an essential surveillance tool in the malaria control programme in India. The current study aimed to assess the performance of ParaHIT-f, a rapid test in diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection through detecting its specific antigen, histidine rich protein 2 (PfHRP-2), in Odisha State, India.

Methods:
The study was undertaken in eight falciparum malaria endemic southern districts of Odisha State. Febrile patients included through active case detection, were diagnosed by Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) for P. falciparum infection using the RDT, ParaHIT-f. The performance of ParaHIT-f was evaluated using microscopy as the gold standard.

Results:
A total of 1030 febrile patients were screened by both microscopy and the RDT for P. falciparum infection. The sensitivity of ParaHIT-f was 63.6% (95% CI: 56.0-70.6) and specificity was 98.9% (95% CI: 97.9-99.5), with positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of 92.6% (95% CI: 86.0-96.3) and 93.0% (95% CI: 91.0-94.5), respectively. When related to parasitaemia, the RDT sensitivity was 47.8% at the low parasitaemia of 4 to 40 parasites/μl of blood.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The results showed that the performance of the RDT, ParaHIT-f, was not as sensitive as microscopy in detecting true falciparum infections; a high specificity presented a low frequency of false-positive RDT results. The sensitivity of ParaHIT-f was around 60 per cent. It is, therefore, essential to improve the efficiency (sensitivity) of the kit so that the true falciparum infections will not be missed especially in areas where P. falciparum has been the predominant species causing cerebral malaria.
Triple insecticide resistance in Anopheles culicifacies
Authors: Sahu S.S. , Gunasekaran K. , Vijayakumar T. , Jambulingam P. 
Published: February 2016

Background & objectives:
In Odisha State, the control of malaria vectors has become dependent on synthetic pyrethroids, which are used for treatment of all approved long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). The vast use of just one class of insecticide has led to the problem of resistance to insecticides in malaria vectors. One of the major malaria vectors in Odisha State is Anopheles culicifacies Giles. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance status of An. culicifacies to deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid and other common insecticides used by the National Vector Borne Diseases Control Programme (NVBDCP) for indoor residual spraying in Odisha State.

Methods:
Mosquitoes were collected during April 2014 - June 2014 from 15 randomly selected villages in five Plasmodium falciparum endemic southern districts of Odisha State. The blood-fed wild caught females were exposed to the diagnostic dosage of DDT (4.0%), malathion (5.0%) and deltamethrin (0.05%) for one hour. Mortality was recorded at 24 h after the exposure.

Results:
Results indicated that An. culicifacies was resistant to all the three insecticides used in the malaria control programme in the five districts of Odisha State.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Resistance management strategy by appropriate rotation of different groups of insecticides including carbamates and incorporating a synergist with synthetic pyrethroids for treating mosquito nets should be considered for the control of malaria vectors in the area, especially where An. culicifacies is predominant. Periodical monitoring of susceptibility/resistance status of An. culicifacies to different insecticides is warranted.
Rhetoric, Poetics, and Jacques Rancière's The Ignorant Schoolmaster: Five Lessons in Intellectual Emancipation
Authors: Ewalt Joshua P. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Recently, the work of Jacques Rancière, particularly that work which theorizes the distinction between the police and politics as it maps onto the activity of the (re)distribution of the sensible, has become of interest to rhetorical studies. However, this work is performed with little attention to how the term “rhetoric” actually emerges in the material texts authored under the signature of Jacques Rancière. In this article, I intervene in the movements characterizing our field's contemporary uptake of Rancière's philosophy by offering a reading of his The Ignorant Schoolmaster: Five Lessons in Intellectual Emancipation, paying particular attention to its mobilization of the distinction between poetics and rhetoric and offering a conceptualization of poetics that, although necessarily built from a violent characterization of rhetoric, can become a productive companion to a more egalitarian rhetoric of social change.
Commentary, Authority, and the Care of the Self
Authors: Futter Dylan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe genre of philosophical commentary is characterized by an attitude of textual deference, or what I call a principle of authority. To read in conformity with the authority principle is to forego the prerogative to judge that the author has made a mistake. This article offers a defense of the principle of authority as hermeneutical precept by showing that it facilitates the practice of philosophy as care of the self. When its function is so understood, the authority principle turns out to be compatible with a substantial degree of intellectual autonomy and is also epistemically benign.
A produção de lugares na formação docente: experiências no Laboratório de Ensino de História da UFGD
Authors: Jesus Nauk Maria de , Perli Fernando 
Published: February 2016

<p>Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar como o curso de História da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), uma universidade nova, localizada num espaço fronteiriço marcado pela diversidade cultural, por desigualdades e conflitos sociais, tem atuado na formação de professores de História, tendo como foco de análise o Laboratório de Ensino de História (LABhis). Ao mesmo tempo, objetivamos socializar experiências que construíram um lugar requerido nos últimos anos pelo curso num período compreendido entre 2006 e 2015. </p>
Social development and private health care system: three ways for success
Authors: Pscheidt Kristian Rodrigo 
Published: February 2016

A deep analysis in the Brazilian health care system shows how Government depends from private companies. State has the Constitutional duty to implement and develop the health care system, but its goal only is possible if Interact with the private sector. In this way, there are three ways for success: increase tax incentives, adopt an information economics and recognize health as a scarce resource. In fact, nowadays, private sector are assuming a duty without a public incentive policy, and it may impact in the sustainability of all health care system, as for private as for Government.
El usuario de servicios públicos en la Constitución Argentina
Authors: Andrés Goldfarb Alemany Miguel 
Published: February 2016

Las sociedades contemporáneas han modificado el paradigma modernista que las vio nacer. En este contexto, desde la perspectiva jurídica, las constituciones han tomado nota de los cambios imperantes, de las relaciones económicas asimétricas y de la necesidad de positivizar derechos y garantías antes reservados al derecho natural. En este contexto, la protección de las personas en su condición de usuarios o consumidores se ha venido plasmando en un conjunto de normas constitucionales y supranacionales con un impacto directo en un universo infinito de relaciones económicas cotidianas estrechamente vinculadas con prestaciones esenciales que tienen que ver con la calidad de vida y la igualdad. El presente artículo tiene como objeto describir el mandato de la Constitución Argentina en materia de protección de usuarios de servicios públicos a partir de comprender este proceso complejo desde la perspectiva jurídica, social y política.
Petrobras’ challenges in the development of the PreSalt reserves: is it the time for Brazil to adopt the International Energy Charter?
Authors: Baptista Schwartsmann Guilherme 
Published: February 2016

According to the International Energy Agency, Brazil plays a central role in meeting the world’s oil needs through to 2035, accounting for one-third of the net growth in global supply. At the centre of the country’s efforts to become one of the world’s largest oil producers is a highly complex and capital-intensive deep-water project to develop its pre-salt basin oil reserves3. The purpose of this paper is to briefly present the pre-salt project and its production challenges – both economical and political – demonstrating the potential benefits of the adoption of the International Energy Charter for its development.
Tectonic activity evolution of the Scotia‐Antarctic Plate boundary from mass transport deposit analysis
Authors: Pérez Lara F. , Bohoyo Fernando , Hernández‐Molina F. Javier , Casas David , Galindo‐Zaldívar Jesús , Ruano Patricia , Maldonado Andrés 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe spatial distribution and temporal occurrence of mass transport deposits (MTDs) in the sedimentary infill of basins and submerged banks near the Scotia‐Antarctic plate boundary allowed us to decode the evolution of the tectonic activity of the relevant structures in the region from the Oligocene to present day. The 1020 MTDs identified in the available data set of multichannel seismic reflection profiles in the region are subdivided according to the geographic and chronological distributions of these features. Their spatial distribution reveals a preferential location along the eastern margins of the eastern basins. This reflects local deformation due to the evolution of the Scotia‐Antarctic transcurrent plate boundary and the impact of oceanic spreading along the East Scotia Ridge (ESR). The vertical distribution of the MTDs in the sedimentary record evidences intensified regional tectonic deformation from the middle Miocene to Quaternary. Intensified deformation started at about 15 Ma, when the ESR progressively replaces the West Scotia Ridge (WSR) as the main oceanic spreading center in the Scotia Sea. Coevally with the WSR demise at about 6.5 Ma, increased spreading rates of the ESR and numerous MTDs were formed. The high frequency of MTDs during the Pliocene, mainly along the western basins, is also related to greater tectonic activity due to uplift of the Shackleton Fracture Zone by tectonic inversion and extinction of the Antarctic‐Phoenix Ridge and involved changes at late Pliocene. The presence of MTDs in the southern Scotia Sea basins is a relevant indicator of the interplay between sedimentary instability and regional tectonics.
Variation of energy and carbon fluxes from a restored temperate freshwater wetland and implications for carbon market verification protocols
Authors: Anderson Frank E. , Bergamaschi Brian , Sturtevant Cove , Knox Sara , Hastings Lauren , Windham‐Myers Lisamarie , Detto Matteo , Hestir Erin L. , Drexler Judith , Miller Robin L. , Matthes Jaclyn Hatala , Verfaillie Joseph , Baldocchi Dennis , Snyder Richard L. , Fujii Roger 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTemperate freshwater wetlands are among the most productive terrestrial ecosystems, stimulating interest in using restored wetlands as biological carbon sequestration projects for greenhouse gas reduction programs. In this study, we used the eddy covariance technique to measure surface energy carbon fluxes from a constructed, impounded freshwater wetland during two annual periods that were 8 years apart: 2002–2003 and 2010–2011. During 2010–2011, we measured methane (CH4) fluxes to quantify the annual atmospheric carbon mass balance and its concomitant influence on global warming potential (GWP). Peak growing season fluxes of latent heat and carbon dioxide (CO2) were greater in 2002–2003 compared to 2010–2011. In 2002, the daily net ecosystem exchange reached as low as −10.6 g C m−2 d−1, which was greater than 3 times the magnitude observed in 2010 (−2.9 g C m−2 d−1). CH4 fluxes during 2010–2011 were positive throughout the year and followed a strong seasonal pattern, ranging from 38.1 mg C m−2 d−1 in the winter to 375.9 mg C m−2 d−1 during the summer. The results of this study suggest that the wetland had reduced gross ecosystem productivity in 2010–2011, likely due to the increase in dead plant biomass (standing litter) that inhibited the generation of new vegetation growth. In 2010–2011, there was a net positive GWP (675.3 g C m−2 yr−1), and when these values are evaluated as a sustained flux, the wetland will not reach radiative balance even after 500 years.
Gluconeogenesis
Authors: Wattanavanitchakorn Siriluck , Jitrapakdee Sarawut 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGluconeogenesis is a pivotal biochemical pathway in which glucose is synthesised from non‐carbohydrate precursors, that is, lactate, alanine, glutamine and glycerol, during prolonged starvation. This pathway utilises most glycolytic enzymes in the reverse direction, except the three irreversible steps, which are bypassed by four additional enzymes, pyruvate carboxylase (PC), phosphoeonolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase), known as the ‘gluconeogenic enzymes’. Elevated levels of glucagon and glucocorticoids during prolonged fasting stimulate gluconeogenesis in the short and long term. A short‐term response to these hormones involves reversible phosphorylation and allosteric modifications, which can alter the activities of the gluconeogenic enzymes. In contrast, a long‐term response involves the modulation of transcriptional activity of their (nuclear) encoded genes. CREB (cAMP‐responsive element binding protein), FoxO1 (forkhead box O1), PPARα (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha) and PGC1α (peroxisome proliferator activated‐receptor gamma coactivator‐1α) are the key transcription factors that control most gluconeogenic enzymes. Deregulation of glucogeneogic enzymes perturbs systemic glucose homeostasis, causing diabetes.Key ConceptsMammals are well adapted to nutrient deprivation in order to survive during food restriction.Glucose is the sole energy source for brain and red blood cells.Alteration of glucoregulatory hormones during starvation influences glucose production from liver and kidney by programming relevant biochemical pathways.Binding of glucoregulatory hormones to their receptors transmits the biochemical signals or molecules that affect the activity of key gluconeogenic enzymes or transcription of gluconeogenic genes.Loss‐of‐function mutations of gluconeogenic enzyme genes or deregulation of gluconeogenic pathway results in the failure of the body to maintain glucose homeostasis
Eosinophils
Authors: Spencer Lisa A 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEosinophils are white blood cells comprising only 1–2% of blood leukocytes, but found in greater concentrations residing within the gastrointestinal tract, thymus, uterus as well as adipose and lymphoid tissues of healthy individuals. The number of eosinophils increases in association with inflammatory diseases including bronchial asthma, helminth infections, hyper‐eosinophilic syndromes and allergic diseases. Eosinophils exhibit cytotoxic effects on microbes and helminths and damage body tissues through secretion of their granule‐derived cationic proteins, and have therefore earned a reputation as end‐stage effector cells. However, the paradigm of eosinophils as strictly end‐stage effectors is evolving. It is now recognised that eosinophils also store a vast array of pre‐formed cytokines within intracellular granules, and undergo distinct modes of degranulation. In large part due to their secretory products, eosinophils participate in health and disease, from metabolic homeostasis to adaptive immunity.Key ConceptsEosinophils are present only transiently in the peripheral blood and are primarily tissue‐dwelling cells within the gastrointestinal tract, thymus, uterus as well as lymphoid and adipose tissues.The number of eosinophils increases during infection with parasitic helminths and allergic inflammatory diseases, such as bronchial asthma.Eosinophil intracellular granules react avidly with eosin dye because of their storage of strongly cationic proteins, which exert cytotoxic effects on parasites, microbes, tissues and cells.Because of their secretion of cytotoxic granule‐derived cationic proteins, eosinophils are widely recognised as end‐stage effector cells; however, eosinophils also store and secrete a vast array of cytokines and participate in diverse aspects of health and disease, from metabolic homeostasis to adaptive immunity.Eosinophils release their granule contents into the extracellular space through three distinct modes of degranulation: classic exocytosis, piecemeal degranulation and cytolysis.Recent data suggest that cell‐free, extracellularly deposited eosinophil granules expulsed during eosinophil cytolysis remain secretory‐competent organelles within tissues.
Fitness Costs of Plant Disease Resistance
Authors: Bruns Emme 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDisease is a major agent of evolution by natural selection because infection by a parasite reduces the fitness of its host. Plant populations have evolved many different mechanisms of resistance in response to disease, but, curiously, resistant genotypes rarely supplant susceptible genotypes. Instead, many plant populations are polymorphic at resistance gene loci, meaning that both resistant and susceptible genotypes coexist within a population. The maintenance of polymorphism can be explained if host resistance to disease is most beneficial when most plants are susceptible, and if resistance reduces a plant's fitness in the absence of the parasite. Fitness costs of disease resistance and pathogen virulence are critically important to the maintenance of polymorphism and the direction of host–pathogen coevolution. Costs in conjuncture with host and pathogen life history traits can drive populations towards an ever‐escalating coevolutionary ‘arms‐race’ or can maintain polymorphism through frequency‐dependent selection. Fitness costs of disease resistance may arise in several ways: physiological and metabolic costs of defence against parasites, developmental traits which allow plants to escape disease but are suboptimal for seed production, and trade‐offs between resistance and responses to other microbes. Fitness costs can have important evolutionary consequences in both natural plant populations and in agricultural contexts.Key ConceptsFitness costs of resistance are necessary for the long‐term maintenance of polymorphism, but their presence alone does not guarantee stable polymorphism.Host and pathogen life‐history traits and epidemiology interact with fitness costs of resistance to maintain polymorphism.When polymorphism is stable, the magnitude of costs determines the frequency of host resistance and pathogen virulence.Plants defend themselves in multiple ways and these carry different types of costs.Traits that reduce disease exposure by changing plant growth and phenology tend to be costly.Fitness costs of resistance can be constitutive or induced.Resistance to one type of pathogen can come at the cost of increased susceptibility to another type of pathogen.Costs of resistance and virulence play a role in coevolutionary dynamics in natural populations.In agricultural populations, costs of resistance and virulence can affect resistance breeding and the durability of resistance.