bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanomolar Cu2+Detection in Water Based on Disassembly of AIEgen: Applications in Blood Serum, Cell Imaging and Complex Logic Circuits
Authors: Singh Prabhpreet , Singh Harminder , Vanita Vanita , Sharma Rashmi , Bhargava Gaurav , Kumar Subodh 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHere in, we report self‐assembled aggregates of AIEgen 1, which exhibits excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) coupled aggregation induced emission (AIE) with intense green fluorescence (λem=526 nm) in aqueous solution as well as in solid state. AIEgen 1 behaves as disassembly based fluorescent probe for selective and sensitive detection of Cu2+ in drinking water with lowest limit of detection of 0.261 ppb (4.13 nM) (much lower than recommended by EPA). AIEgen 1 finds applications for the detection of Cu2+ in blood serum, environmental (tap, pond and industrial waste water) samples. Probably the interaction of Cu2+ ions at Schiff‐base unit of AIEgen 1 via metal chelation disrupts the self‐assembled aggregates and results in disassembly of the nanorods into smaller spherical nanostructures as also evidenced in DLS, SEM and TEM studies. Incubation of HeLa cells with AIEgen 1 results in fluorescence ‘switch‐on’ showing cell internalization of AIEgen 1 with low cytotoxicity and thus establishes the potential of AIEgen 1 in cell imaging. The reversibility influorescence / absorbance of 1‐Cu2+ complex with EDTA helps in elaboration of various reconfigurable and superposed logic gates such as NOT (at F425, A380), INH (at A430), IMP1 (at A380) and IMP2 (at F526). By observing the output switching in absorbance and fluorescence channels on addition of Cu2+ (In1) and EDTA (In2) as inputs, ‘set‐ reset’ flip flop memory element and complementary IMP/INH logic circuits have been elaborated.
Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of Thiophene‐Based Semiconducting Oligomers
Authors: Balan Bijitha , Panicker Jayanthy S. , Nagasawa Shinji , Saeki Akinori , Nair Vijayakumar C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThree new semiconducting oligomers (BT, TT and TT2) made of thiophene based donors, bithiazole weak acceptor and rhodanine based acceptors were designed and synthesized using Suzuki and Stille coupling. Oligomers exhibited excellent absorption in the visible region because of the π‐π* transition as well as intramolecular charge transfer between the donor and acceptor moieties. The packing of oligomers in the film state was studied using 2D grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD) analysis and the percentage of edge‐on orientation was found to be greater compared to face‐on orientation in all three oligomers. HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the oligomers in film state were calculated from ultraviolet photoelectron yield spectroscopy analysis and onset of absorption, respectively. Detailed time‐resolved microwave conductivity experiments proved that the oligomers can act as n‐type materials making these oligomers promising for optoelectronic device applications.
Synthesis, Electronic, Magnetic and Structural Characterization of New Trinuclear Mixed‐Valence CoIII‐CoII‐CoIII Complex.
Authors: Baca‐Solis Elizabeth , Bernès Sylvain , Vazquez‐Lima Hugo , Boulon Marie‐Emmanuelle , Winpenny Richard E. P. , Reyes‐Ortega Yasmi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe structural, electronic, magnetic and theoretical study of the complex [Co3(HL)2(μ‐AcO)2(AcO)2], 1, (HL is the dianion obtained by deprotonation of N,N’‐bis(salicylidene)‐2‐hydroxy‐1,3‐propanediamine and AcO is acetate) shows that 1 crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Each molecule is a trinuclear complex. Both molecules have similar geometry, and correspond to a spin system based on trapped mixed valences on six‐coordinate metal centres, CoIII(s=0)‐CoII(s=3/2)‐CoIII(s=0). The rigid framework formed by the tetradentate Salen‐type ligands HL and the syn‐syn bridging acetate anions is a characteristic feature observed in other related complexes. However, the here reported compound is the first one in this family having Z’>1. UV‐Vis spectrum shows a broad band in the visible region where d‐d transition for ions CoIII and CoII are. EPR spectra and the electronic energy estimations of the ground state show the presence of two conformers s=3/2. The χMT product at 300 K is 3.24 emu mol−1K per trinuclear unit, this product is expected for CoII where the contribution of orbital angular moment is taken into account (3.38 emu mol−1K for L=3).
Palladium‐Catalyzed Rapid Methoxylation and Deuteriomethoxylation of Bromo–chalcones: Uncovering the Catalytic Activity of the Pd/tBuXPhos Catalyst System
Authors: Reeta  , Rangarajan T. M. , Ayushee  , Singh Rishi Pal , Singh R. P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe report an unprecedented tBuXPhos ligand (L3) supported Pd‐catalyzed rapid methoxylation and deuteriomethoxylation of bromo‐chalcones (5 to 40 min.) with excellent yields. Pd/RockPhos (L2) catalytic system also facilitates the coupling reaction, but the reaction time is fairly longer than Pd/tBuXPhos (L3) catalytic system. The coupling of MeOH/MeOH‐d4 with 4‐bromo‐chalcones is so rapid than that of 3‐bromo‐chalcones, which clearly indicates that the former proceeds through a pure electronic pathway of reductive elimination. These catalyst systems facilitate the coupling of 4‐bromo‐chalcones even with higher alkyl alcohols relatively long reaction time that implies the efficiency and rate of coupling relays on the nucleophilicity of the alcohols. This methodology may be adopted for the 11C‐radiolabeling of organic compounds for PET imaging applications.
Computational models of the neural control of breathing
Authors: Molkov Yaroslav I. , Rubin Jonathan E. , Rybak Ilya A. , Smith Jeffrey C. 
Published: December 2016

The ongoing process of breathing underlies the gas exchange essential for mammalian life. Each respiratory cycle ensues from the activity of rhythmic neural circuits in the brainstem, shaped by various modulatory signals, including mechanoreceptor feedback sensitive to lung inflation and chemoreceptor feedback dependent on gas composition in blood and tissues. This paper reviews a variety of computational models designed to reproduce experimental findings related to the neural control of breathing and generate predictions for future experimental testing. The review starts from the description of the core respiratory network in the brainstem, representing the central pattern generator (CPG) responsible for producing rhythmic respiratory activity, and progresses to encompass additional complexities needed to simulate different metabolic challenges, closed‐loop feedback control including the lungs, and interactions between the respiratory and autonomic nervous systems. The integrated models considered in this review share a common framework including a distributedCPGcore network responsible for generating the baseline three‐phase pattern of rhythmic neural activity underlying normal breathing.WIREs Syst Biol Med2017, 9:e1371. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1371This article is categorized under:Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational MethodsPhysiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Detection of nociceptive-related metabolic activity in the spinal cord of low back pain patients using 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Zhou Xiaoliang , Cipriano Peter , Kim Brian , Dhatt Harpreet , Rosenberg Jarrett , Mittra Erik , Do Bao , Graves Edward , Biswal Sandip 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Background
Over the past couple of decades, a number of centers in the brain have been identified as important sites of nociceptive processing and are collectively known as the ‘pain matrix.’ Imaging tools such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) have played roles in defining these pain-relevant, physiologically active brain regions. Similarly, certain segments of the spinal cord are likely more metabolically active in the setting of pain conditions, the location of which is dependent upon location of symptoms. However, little is known about the physiologic changes in the spinal cord in the context of pain. This study aimed to determine whether uptake of 18F-FDG in the spinal cord on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) of patients with low back pain (LBP) differs from that of patients without LBP.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of 18F-FDG PET/CT scans of 26 patients with non-central nervous system cancers, 13 of whom had reported LBP and 13 of whom were free of LBP (controls). No patients had spinal stenosis or significant 18F-FDG contribution of degenerative changes of the spine into the spinal canal. Circular regions of interests were drawn within the spinal canal on transaxial images, excluding bony or discal elements of the spine, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of every slice from spinal nerves C1 to S1 was obtained. SUVmax were normalized by subtracting the SUVmax of spinal nerve L5, as minimal neural tissue is present at this level. Normalized SUVmax of LBP patients were compared to those of LBP-free patients at each vertebral level.

Results
We found the normalized SUVmax of patients with LBP to be significantly greater than those of control patients when jointly tested at spinal nerves of T7, T8, T9 and T10 (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the two groups at other levels of the spinal cord. Within the two groups, normalized SUVmax generally decreased cephalocaudally.

Conclusions
Patients with LBP show increased uptake of 18F-FDG in the caudal aspect of the thoracic spinal cord, compared to patients without LBP.

Implications
This paper demonstrates the potential of 18F-FDG PET/CT as a biomarker of increased metabolic activity in the spinal cord related to LBP. As such, it could potentially aid in the treatment of LBP by localizing physiologically active spinal cord regions and guiding minimally invasive delivery of analgesics or stimulators to relevant levels of the spinal cord.
Coastal amplification of supply and transport (CAST): a new hypothesis about the persistence of Calanus finmarchicus in the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Ji Rubao , Feng Zhixuan , Jones Benjamin T. , Thompson Cameron , Chen Changsheng , Record Nicholas R. , Runge Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe lipid-rich calanoid copepod, Calanus finmarchicus, plays a critical role in the pelagic food web of the western North Atlantic and particularly in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem. Deep basins along the continental shelf harbour high abundance of diapausing C. finmarchicus during the summer and fall. In Wilkinson Basin in the western Gulf of Maine, C. finmarchicus has persisted in large concentrations despite recent significant warming that could potentially threaten the existence of the population in this region. Identifying the major source of diapausing individuals is critical to the understanding of mechanisms that allow population persistence. In this study, Lagrangian tracking experiments using an individual-based copepod life cycle model and simulation of environmental conditions during an exceptionally warm year (2012) suggest that coastal waters are the major upstream source for individuals entering dormancy in Wilkinson Basin over summertime, although pathways and distribution patterns vary with the release timing of particles. Both model results and observation data support the Coastal Amplification of Supply and Transport (CAST) hypothesis as an explanation for the persistence of C. finmarchicus population in the western Gulf of Maine. The mechanism involves the coastal amplification of supply (spring reproduction/summer growth in the food-rich coastal region) and transport to the receiving Wilkinson Basin that is capable of harbouring the diapausing stock.
The effect of obesity, weight gain, and weight loss on asthma inception and control
Authors: Forno Erick , Celedón Juan C. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose of review
There is ample and growing evidence that obesity increases the risk of asthma and morbidity from asthma. Here, we review recent clinical evidence supporting a causal link between obesity and asthma, and the mechanisms that may lead to ‘obese asthma’.

Recent findings
Although in some children obesity and asthma simply co-occur, those with ‘obese asthma’ have increased asthma severity, lower quality of life, and reduced medication response. Underlying mechanistic pathways may include anatomical changes of the airways such as obstruction and dysanapsis, systemic inflammation, production of adipokines, impaired glucose–insulin metabolism, altered nutrient levels, genetic and epigenetic changes, and alterations in the airway and/or gut microbiome. A few small studies have shown that weight loss interventions may lead to improvements in asthma outcomes, but thus far research on therapeutic interventions for these children has been limited.

Summary
Obesity increases the risk of asthma – and worsens asthma severity or control – via multiple mechanisms. ‘Obese asthma’ is a complex, multifactorial phenotype in children. Obesity and its complications must be managed as part of the treatment of asthma in obese children.
Perioperative and Anesthetic Considerations for Neurosurgical Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy Ablations
Authors: Jimenez-Ruiz Federico , Arnold Benjamin , Tatsui Claudio E. , Cata Juan P. 
Published: December 2016

Objective:
To describe the anesthetic considerations in patients undergoing laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) for neurosurgical procedures.

Background:
LITT for neurosurgical procedures is being increasingly used in a variety of central nervous system diseases. Several studies have demonstrated promising results including a shorter hospital stay. Given the rising trend for the use of LITT, anesthesiologists need to be familiar with the anesthetic considerations to provide care for patients undergoing these types of procedures.

Materials and Methods:
PubMed was searched in April 2016 using different combinations of the following MeSH terms: “Central nervous System,” “laser therapy,” “Ablation Techniques,” “Anesthesia,” and “Spinal Cord Neoplasms.” A total of 54 relevant manuscripts were included in this review article.

Conclusions:
LITT is a promising therapeutic approach for multiple central nervous system disorders. Anesthesiologists must be familiar with the anesthetic considerations and the technical aspects of the procedure when providing care for patients undergoing LITT. The literature is scarce on the impact of different anesthesia and analgesia techniques on clinical outcomes. Therefore, studies comparing different anesthetic regimens and the impact on outcomes are needed to make relevant recommendations on the anesthesia care of these patients.
Spinal Anesthesia Improves Early Pain Levels After Surgical Treatment of Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Manoli Arthur , Atchabahian Arthur , Davidovitch Roy I. , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: December 2016

Objectives:
To determine the effect of spinal anesthesia (SA) on short-term outcomes when compared with general anesthesia in operatively managed tibial plateau fractures.

Design:
This is an institutional review board–approved retrospective review of prospectively collected data.

Setting:
Two level-1 trauma centers.

Participants:
One hundred twelve patients with a surgically managed tibial plateau fracture were identified within a registry of patients.

Intervention:
Of these, 29 (25.9%) received SA and 83 (74.1%) received general anesthesia in a nonrandomized fashion.

Main Outcome Measures:
Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment scores, pain levels, knee range of motion, complications, and reoperations.

Results:
SA was found to be a predictor of lower pain scores at 3 months (odds ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.12–0.95; P = 0.039) but not at 6 months (P = 0.266) or the latest follow-up (P = 0.056). In the multivariate Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment model, although anesthesia type was not found to be a statistically significant predictor, other predictors were identified. Anesthesia type was not a predictor of complications or reoperations. In the univariate analysis, SA was associated with an increased knee range of motion at 3 months (121 vs. 111 degrees; P = 0.048) but not at 6 months (P = 0.31) or the latest follow-up (P = 0.053).

Conclusion:
In patients who undergo surgical management of a tibial plateau fracture, the use of SA is associated with decreased pain levels in the early postoperative period; however, there was no effect on functional assessment scores.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Is There Value in Having Radiology Provide a Second Reading in Pediatric Orthopaedic Clinic?
Authors: Natarajan Vivek , Bosch Patrick , Dede Ozgur , Deeney Vincent , Mendelson Stephen , Ward Timothy , Brooks Maria , Kenkre Tanya , Roach James 
Published: December 2016

Background:
The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations specifically mandates the dual interpretation of musculoskeletal radiographs by a radiologist in addition to the orthopaedist in all hospital-based orthopaedic clinics. Previous studies have questioned the utility of this practice. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the clinical significance of having the radiologist provide a second interpretation in a hospital-based pediatric orthopaedic clinic.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed of all patients who had plain radiographs obtained in the pediatric orthopaedic clinic at an academic children’s hospital over a 4-month period. For each radiographic series, the orthopaedist’s note and the radiology interpretation were reviewed and a determination was made of whether the radiology read provided new clinically useful information and/or a new diagnosis, whether it recommended further imaging, or if it missed a diagnosis that was reflected in the orthopaedist’s note. The hospital charges associated with the radiology read for each study were also quantified.

Results:
The charts of 1570 consecutive clinic patients who were seen in the pediatric orthopaedic clinic from January to April, 2012 were reviewed. There were 2509 radiographic studies performed, of which 2264 had both a documented orthopaedist’s note and radiologist’s read. The radiologist’s interpretation added new, clinically important information in 1.0% (23/2264) of these studies. In 1.7% (38/2264) of the studies, it was determined that the radiologist missed the diagnosis or clinically important information that could affect treatment. The total amount of the professional fees charged for the radiologists’ interpretations was $87,362. On average, the hospital charges for each occurrence in which the radiologist’s read provided an additional diagnosis or clinically important information beyond the orthopaedist’s note were $3798.

Conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that eliminating the requirement to have the radiologist interpret radiographs in the pediatric orthopaedic clinic would have few clinical consequences.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—This is a diagnostic retrospective cohort study.
Benign Osteolytic Lesions in Children With Previously Normal Radiographs
Authors: Tan Emily , T. Mehlman Charles , Baker Michael 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Benign bone tumors are common in children and are usually diagnosed incidentally or after pathologic fractures. However, case reports of children with lytic lesions with previously normal radiographs are rare. This series presents several such cases.

Methods:
This was a retrospective case series of 8 benign osteolytic lesions in 8 pediatric patients (5 female and 3 males). All have previous radiographs of the effected extremity showing no pathology. All participants were at a single institution.

Results:
Eight cases were identified with 2 aneurysmal bone cysts and 6 nonossifying fibromas. Average age at discovery was 10.75 years old. The range of time between normal and pathologic radiographs was from 2.5 to 7.25 years. Both cases of aneurysmal bone cysts were histologically confirmed and treated with curettage and grafting with one recurrence. One of 6 nonossifying fibromas was treated surgically with the remainder treated with casting for pathologic fractures or observation for incidentally identified lesions.

Conclusions:
Benign osteolytic lesions such as aneurysmal bone cysts and nonossifying fibromas can arise in a short time period. The average time between normal and pathologic radiographs was 4.6 years. Prelesion radiographs were obtained to evaluate traumas and leg length discrepancies.

Clinical Relevance:
Radiographs taken before diagnosis in children with osseous lesions are rare, but likely under recognized. Further studies of such instances in larger databases may provide a noninvasive means to reach diagnostic or etiologic conclusions.
Orthopaedic Surgery in Dystonic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Blumetti Francesco C. , Wu Jenny Chia Ning , Barzi Federica , Axt Matthias W. , Waugh Mary-Clare , Selber Paulo 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Outcomes after orthopaedic interventions in patients with dystonic cerebral palsy (DCP) are historically regarded as unpredictable. This study aims to evaluate the overall outcome of orthopaedic surgery in children with DCP.

Method:
Children with DCP who underwent lower limb orthopaedic surgery with a minimum follow-up of 12 months were included. Data collected included age at time of surgery, surgical procedures performed, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, and Barry Albright Dystonia Scale (BADS) score. The cohort was divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (GMFCS levels I to III), mean age 12 years 7 months and group 2 (GMFCS levels IV to V), mean age 10 years 7 months. Group 1 had surgery aimed at deformity correction to improve gait and mobility, and group 2 for the management or prevention of hip displacement. Outcome measures analyzed were: the incidence of unpredictable results related to surgery and early recurrence of deformity in both groups. Functional mobility scale scores were evaluated for group 1 and hip migration percentage for group 2. Linear mixed models were used to take into account repeated measures over time and correlations between measurements from the same patient.

Results:
Group 1 (n=18); had low BADS scores and were considered to have mild dystonia. Three children experienced unpredictable results, 2 had early recurrence of deformity, 3 had a decline, and 1 child improved in the functional mobility scale.
Group 2 (n=19); had high BADS scores and were considered to have moderate to severe dystonia. Nine surgical events involved bony procedures and 15 were soft tissue surgery only. One surgical event lead to unpredictable results and 2 children had early recurrence of deformity. Postoperatively, a linear trend of increasing migration percentage [0.49% (95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.74; P=0.0002)] was seen up to 21 months. There was no significant change after 21 months [−0.08% (95% confidence interval, −0.24 to +0.041; P=0.18)].

Conclusions:
This study suggests that unpredictable results and early recurrence of deformity following orthopaedic surgery in children with DCP are not as common as previously regarded. Furthermore, functional mobility and hip morphology can be improved.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—this is a case-series.