bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early brain neuroinflammatory and metabolic changes identified by dual tracer microPET imaging in mice with acute liver injury
Authors: Palandira Santhoshi P. , Falvey Aidan , Carrion Joseph , Zeng Qiong , Chaudhry Saher , Grossman Kira , Turecki Lauren , Nguyen Nha , Brines Michael , Chavan Sangeeta S. , Metz Christine N. , Al-Abed Yousef , Chang Eric H. , Ma Yilong , Eidelberg David , Vo An , Tracey Kevin J. , Pavlov Valentin A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcute liver injury (ALI) that progresses into acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening condition with an increasing incidence and associated costs. Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) overdosing is among the leading causes of ALI and ALF in the Northern Hemisphere. Brain dysfunction defined ashepatic encephalopathyis one of the main diagnostic criteria for ALF. While neuroinflammation and brain metabolic alterations significantly contribute to hepatic encephalopathy, their evaluation at early stages of ALI remained challenging. To provide insights, we utilized post-mortem analysis and non-invasive brain micro positron emission tomography (microPET) imaging of mice with APAP-induced ALI.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were treated with vehicle or APAP (600 mg/kg, i.p.). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), liver damage (using H&E staining), hepatic and serum IL-6 levels, and hippocampal IBA1 (using immunolabeling) were evaluated at 24h and 48h. Vehicle and APAP treated animals also underwent microPET imaging utilizing a dual tracer approach, including [11C]-peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ([11C]PBR28) to assess microglia/astrocyte activation and [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) to assess energy metabolism. Brain images were pre-processed and evaluated using conjunction and individual tracer uptake analysis.ResultsAPAP-induced ALI and hepatic and systemic inflammation were detected at 24h and 48h by significantly elevated serum ALT and AST levels, hepatocellular damage, and increased hepatic and serum IL-6 levels. In parallel, increased microglial numbers, indicative for neuroinflammation were observed in the hippocampus of APAP-treated mice. MicroPET imaging revealed overlapping increases in [11C]PBR28 and [18F]FDG uptake in the hippocampus, thalamus, and habenular nucleus indicating microglial/astroglial activation and increased energy metabolism in APAP-treated mice (vs. vehicle-treated mice) at 24h. Similar significant increases were also found in the hypothalamus, thalamus, and cerebellum at 48h. The individual tracer uptake analyses (APAP vs vehicle) at 24h and 48h confirmed increases in these brain areas and indicated additional tracer- and region-specific effects including hippocampal alterations.ConclusionPeripheral manifestations of APAP-induced ALI in mice are associated with brain neuroinflammatory and metabolic alterations at relatively early stages of disease progression, which can be non-invasively evaluated using microPET imaging and conjunction analysis. These findings support further PET-based investigations of brain function in ALI/ALF that may inform timely therapeutic interventions.
The type III-B CRISPR-Cas System Affects Energy Metabolism and Adaptation in the ArchaeonSaccharolobus solfataricus
Authors: Wimmer Erika , Zink Isabelle A. , Hodgskiss Logan H. , Kerou Melina , Schleper Christa 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTType III CRISPR-Cas immune systems that recognize and cleave extrachromosomal RNA when active, are particularly widespread in archaea. Mechanistically, these systems have the potential to regulate gene expression of host genes on a post-transcriptional level, but very little is known about any potential accessory roles of type III-B systems beyond immunity. We have created knockout mutants of a type III-B CRISPR-Cas complex in the thermoacidophilic archaeonSaccharolobus solfataricusto investigate potential secondary functions of the type III-B system. Deletion mutants exhibited an accelerate growth but were less quickly adaptable to changes in carbon sources in their growth media. In line with this phenotype, upregulated genes were significantly enriched in functional categories of energy production and conversion, as well as with carbohydrate or amino acid transport and metabolism in RNAseq studies. Generally, a significant accumulation of genes encoding transmembrane proteins in the upregulated proportion of the transcriptome suggests interconnections between the type III-B CRISPR-Cas system and various membrane-associated processes. Notably, the deletion mutants did not lose their general virus- or plasmid defense activities indicating that this particular system might have been partially adopted for cellular regulatory roles.
Methods for high throughput discovery of fluoroprobes that recognize tau fibril polymorphs
Authors: Carroll Emma C. , Yang Hyunjun , Jones Julia G. , Oehler Abby , Charvat Annemarie F. , Montgomery Kelly M. , Yung Anthony , Millbern Zoe , Vinueza Nelson R. , DeGrado William F. , Mordes Daniel A. , Condello Carlo , Gestwicki Jason E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAggregation of microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT/tau) into conformationally distinct fibrils underpins neurodegenerative tauopathies. Fluorescent probes (fluoroprobes), such as thioflavin T (ThT), have been essential tools for studying tau aggregation; however, most of them do not discriminate between amyloid fibril conformations (polymorphs). This gap is due, in part, to a lack of high-throughput methods for screening large, diverse chemical collections. Here, we leverage advances in protein adaptive differential scanning fluorimetry (paDSF) to screen the Aurora collection of 300+ fluorescent dyes against multiple synthetic tau fibril polymorphs. This screen, coupled with orthogonal secondary assays, revealed pan-fibril binding chemotypes, as well as fluoroprobes selective for subsets of fibrils. One fluoroprobe recognized tau pathology inex vivobrain slices from Alzheimer’s disease patients. We propose that these scaffolds represent entry points for development of selective fibril ligands and, more broadly, that high throughput, fluorescence-based dye screening is a platform for their discovery.
Four SpsP neurons are an integrating sleep regulation hub inDrosophila
Authors: Dai Xihuimin , Le Jasmine Quynh , Ma Dingbang , Rosbash Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSleep is an essential and conserved behavior, yet the mechanisms underlying sleep regulation remain largely unknown. To address the neural mechanisms of sleep drive, here we carry out whole brain calcium-modulated photoactivatable ratiometric integrator (CaMPARI) imaging ofDrosophilaand show that the activity of the protocerebral bridge (PB), a part of the central complex, correlates with sleep drive. Through a neural activation screen followed by anatomical and functional connectivity assays, we further narrow down the key player of sleep regulation in the PB to a three-layer circuit composed of 4 SpsP neurons and their upstream and downstream synaptic partners: the 4 SpsP neurons act as an integrating hub by responding to ellipsoid body (EB) signals from EPG neurons, and by sending signals back to the EB through PEcG neurons. Moreover, sleep deprivation enriches the presynaptic active zones of SpsP neurons and strengthens the connections of the EPG-SpsP-PEcG circuit, indicating plasticity gating in the circuit in response to sleep drive change. As the SpsP neurons also receive input from the sensorimotor brain region and given their known role in navigation, these neurons potentially further integrate sleep drive with other sensorimotor cues. The data taken together indicate that the four SpsP neurons and their sleep regulatory circuit play an important and dynamic role in sleep regulation.
FaPDA: Facial paralysis detection algorithm applied in mice
Authors: Perrusquia Hernández Elías , Villeda Arias Diego Israel , Montes Ángeles Claudia Daniela , Andrade González Rey David , Lomelí González Joel , Pérez-Martínez Isaac Obed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFacial paralysis is characterized by an injury to the facial nerve, causing the loss of the functions of the structures that it innervates and changes in the central nervous system in the motor cortex. Therefore, it is important to use experimental models to further the neurophysiological study. Currently, the models have some limitations for the study of facial paralysis. Therefore, the development of an algorithm capable of automatically detecting facial paralysis and overcoming the existing limitations is proposed. C57/BL6 mice were used, which produced irreversible facial paralysis with permanent effects and reversible facial paralysis, where the effects of the paralysis disappear within the first 15 days after the nerve injury. Video recordings were made of the faces of paralyzed mice to develop the algorithm for detecting facial paralysis applied to mice, which allows us to detect the presence of reversible and irreversible facial paralysis automatically. At the same time, the algorithm was used to track facial movement during oral stimulation with sucrose and extracellular electrophysiological recordings in the anterolateral motor cortex. In the basal state, mice can make facial expressions associated with a pleasurable state, and the algorithm detects this movement; at the same time, the movement correlates with the activation in the cortical area. In the presence of facial paralysis, the algorithm can not detect movement. Therefore, it concludes that the condition exists, and the neuronal activity in the cortex is affected with respect to the evolution of facial paralysis. Therefore, the facial paralysis detection algorithm applied to mice allows deduce the presence of experimental facial paralysis, in the presence of oral stimulation or without it, at the same time that cortical electrophysiological recordings can be made for the neurophysiological study of facial paralysis.Significance StatementAutomatic detection of facial paralysis by video recording of the face of mice can help to identify the presence of the condition more easily. It can also used to study facial movement, like facial expressions, and their neural correlates in cortical and subcortical strata. This will allow understanding in depth the level of affectation that facial paralysis can produce at the peripheral and central nervous system levels.
A paleogenomic approach to reconstruct historical responses of coral reefs to anthropogenic change
Authors: González-Pech Raúl A. , Howe Colin , Lizcano-Sandoval Luis D. , Eisenhofer-Philipona Raphael A , Marciniak Stephanie , Roitman Sofia , Marulanda-Gómez Ángela M. , Rodríguez-Ramírez Alberto , Perry George , Weyrich Laura , López-Victoria Mateo , Cole Julia E. , Medina Mónica 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCoral reefs are declining worldwide due to anthropogenic-driven environmental change. The foundation and health of these ecosystems rely on the harmonious functioning of all members of coral holobionts, i.e., cnidarian host, symbiotic microalgae, and associated microbiome. Coral stress responses often involve shifts in the taxonomic identity of their symbionts and microbiomes. Tracing back changes in coral holobiont composition over prolonged time periods can help us reconstruct health history of reefs and gain a better understanding of coral response to current stressors. Here, we focused on a major Caribbean reef-builder coral,Orbicella faveolata, from the Varadero Reef, Colombia. This reef has undergone extensive freshwater sediment discharge for decades as result of urbanization. We show, for the first time, that paleogenomic and paleoclimatic approaches can be combined to reconstruct historical, coral holobiont dynamics potentially associated with anthropogenic disturbances.
Within-host competition sparks pathogen molecular evolution and perpetual microbiota dysbiosis
Authors: Stevens E.J. , Li J.D. , Hector T.E. , Drew G.C. , Hoang K. , Greenrod S.T.E. , Paterson S. , King K.C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPathogens newly invading a host must compete with resident microbiota. This within-host microbial warfare could lead to more severe disease outcomes or constrain the evolution of virulence. Using experimental evolution of a widespread pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus) and a native microbiota community inC. elegansnematode hosts, we show that a competitively superior pathogen displaced microbiota and reduced species richness, whilst maintaining virulence across generations. Conversely, pathogen populations and microbiota passaged separately caused more host harm relative to their respective ancestral controls. We find the evolved increase in virulence exhibited by pathogen populations passaged independently (compared to ancestral controls) was partly mediated by enhanced expression of the global virulence regulatoragrand increased biofilm formation. Whole genome sequencing revealed shifts in the mode of selection from directional (on pathogens evolving alone) to fluctuating (on pathogens evolving with a host microbiota), with competitive interactions driving early diversification among pathogen populations. Metagenome sequencing of the evolved microbiota shows that evolution in infected hosts caused a significant reduction in community stability, along with restrictions on the co- existence of some species based on nutrient competition. Our study reveals how microbial competition during emerging infection determines the patterns and processes of evolution with major consequences for host health.
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response promotes senescence in human microglia by increasing S-adenosylmethionine availability for polyamine synthesis
Authors: Perez J. Maria Jose , Bertoli Federico , Raji Hariam , Lam Alicia , Bosch Mariella , Weissleder Christin , Nemazanyy Ivan , Kalb Stefanie , Hirschberg Insa , Brunetti Dario , Heckenbach Indra , Scheibye-Knudsen Morten , Deleidi Michela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMitochondria have developed a specialized mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) to maintain proteostasis and promote recovery under stress conditions. Research in simple organisms has demonstrated that UPRmtactivation in glial cells promotes proteostasis through beneficial non-cell-autonomous communication with neurons. However, the role of mitochondrial stress responses in the human brain remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we profiled the cell type-specific roles of the UPRmtusing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal and glial cultures and brain organoids. We found that UPRmtactivation induces metabolic rewiring in human microglia, resulting in a senescence phenotype mediated by S-adenosylmethionine availability for polyamine synthesis. Additionally, UPRmtdisrupted microglial intercellular communication, leading to microglia-mediated dysfunction of phagocytic pathways and increased inflammatory signaling. Using microglia-brain-assembloids, we observed distinct contributions by microglia to brain senescence and neurodegenerative disease processes driven by mitochondrial stress responses. These findings underscore the profound impact of defects in mitochondrial proteostasis on intercellular networks during brain aging and disease.
First-principles construction of symmetry-informed quantum metrologies
Authors: Rubio Jesús 
Published: September 2024

Combining quantum and Bayesian principles leads to optimality in metrology, but the optimization equations involved are often hard to solve. This Letter mitigates this problem with a class of measurement strategies for quantities isomorphic to location parameters, which are shown to admit a closed-form optimization. The resulting framework admits any parameter range, prior information, or state, and the associated estimators apply to finite samples. As an example, the metrology of relative weights is formulated from first principles and shown to require hyperbolic errors. The primary advantage of this approach lies in its simplifying power: it reduces the search for good strategies to identifying which symmetry leaves a state of maximum ignorance invariant. This will facilitate the application of quantum metrology to fundamental physics, where symmetries play a key role.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Tilt-to-length coupling in LISA Pathfinder: Long-term stability
Authors: Armano M. , Audley H. , Baird J. , Binetruy P. , Born M. , Bortoluzzi D. , Castelli E. , Cavalleri A. , Cesarini A. , Cruise A. M. , Danzmann K. , de Deus Silva M. , Diepholz I. , Dixon G. , Dolesi R. , Ferraioli L. , Ferroni V. , Fitzsimons E. D. , Freschi M. , Gesa L. , Giardini D. , Gibert F. , Giusteri R. , Grimani C. , Grzymisch J. , Harrison I. , Hartig M-S. , Heinzel G. , Hewitson M. , Hollington D. , Hoyland D. , Hueller M. , Inchauspé H. , Jennrich O. , Jetzer P. , Johann U. , Johlander B. , Karnesis N. , Kaune B. , Killow C. J. , Korsakova N. , Lobo J. A. , López-Zaragoza J. P. , Maarschalkerweerd R. , Mance D. , Martín V. , Martin-Polo L. , Martin-Porqueras F. , Martino J. , McNamara P. W. , Mendes J. , Mendes L. , Meshksar N. , Nofrarias M. , Paczkowski S. , Perreur-Lloyd M. , Petiteau A. , Plagnol E. , Ramos-Castro J. , Reiche J. , Rivas F. , Robertson D. I. , Russano G. , Sanjuan J. , Slutsky J. , Sopuerta C. F. , Sumner T. , Texier D. , Thorpe J. I. , Vetrugno D. , Vitale S. , Wanner G. , Ward H. , Wass P. J. , Weber W. J. , Wissel L. , Wittchen A. , Zweifel P. 
Published: September 2024

The tilt-to-length coupling during the LISA Pathfinder mission has been numerically and analytically modeled for particular time spans. In this work, we investigate the long-term stability of the coupling coefficients of this noise. We show that they drifted slowly (by 1  μm/rad and 6×10−6 in 100 days) and were strongly correlated to temperature changes within the satellite (8  μm/rad/K and 30×10−6/K). Based on analytical tilt-to-length coupling models, we attribute the temperature-driven coupling changes to rotations of the test masses and small distortions in the optical setup. Particularly, our findings lead to the conclusion that LISA Pathfinder’s optical baseplate was bent during the cooldown experiment, which started in late 2016 and lasted several months.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Heat capacity and quantum compressibility of dynamical spacetimes with thermal particle creation
Authors: Hsiang Jen-Tsung , Xie Yu-Cun , Hu Bei-Lok 
Published: September 2024

This work continues the investigation in two recent papers on the quantum thermodynamics of spacetimes, (1) placing what was studied in [] for thermal quantum fields in the context of early universe cosmology, and (2) extending the considerations of vacuum compressibility of dynamical spaces treated in [] to dynamical spacetimes with thermal quantum fields. We begin with a warning that thermal equilibrium condition is not guaranteed to exist or maintained in a dynamical setting and thus finite temperature quantum field theory in cosmological spacetimes needs more careful considerations than what is often described in textbooks. A full description requires nonequilibrium quantum field theory in dynamical spacetimes using “in-in” techniques. A more manageable subclass of dynamics is where thermal equilibrium conditions are established at both the beginning and the end of evolution, where the in-thermal state and the out-thermal state are both well defined. Particle creation in the full history can then be calculated in this in-out asymptotically-stationary setup via the S-matrix transition amplitudes. Here we shall assume an in-vacuum state. It has been shown that if the intervening dynamics has an initial period of exponential expansion, such as in inflationary cosmology, particles created from the parametric amplification of the vacuum fluctuations in the initial vacuum will have a thermal spectrum measured at the out-state. Under these conditions finite temperature field theory can be applied to calculate the quantum thermodynamic quantities. Here we consider a massive conformal scalar field in a closed four-dimensional Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker universe based on the simple analytically solvable Bernard-Duncan model. We calculate the energy density of particles created from an in-vacuum and derive the partition function. From the free energy we then derive the heat capacity and the quantum compressibility of these spacetimes with thermal particle creation. We end with some discussions and suggestions for further work in this program of studies.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Multimessenger signals from compact axion star mergers
Authors: Chung-Jukko Liina , Lim Eugene A. , Marsh David J. E. 
Published: September 2024

Axion dark matter can form stable, self-gravitating, and coherent configurations known as axion stars, which are rendered unstable above a critical mass by the Chern-Simons coupling to electromagnetism. We study, using numerical relativity, the merger and subsequent decay of compact axion stars. We show that two subcritical stars can merge, and form a more massive, excited, and critical star, which survives for a finite period before rapidly decaying via electromagnetic radiation. We find a rich multimessenger signal, composed of gravitational waves, electromagnetic radiation, and axion radiation. The gravitational wave signal is broken into two parts: a weak and broad signal from the merger, followed by a much stronger signal of almost fixed frequency from the decay. The electromagnetic radiation follows only the gravitational waves from the decay, while the axion signal is continuous throughout the process. We briefly discuss the detectability of such a signal.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Linearized gravity and soft graviton theorem in de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Mao Pujian , Zhou Bochen 
Published: September 2024

We study the linearized gravity theory in the Newman-Unti gauge in the near horizon region of the de Sitter spacetime. The linearized Einstein equation involves the cosmological constant. The near horizon symmetry consists of near horizon supertranslation and near horizon superrotation. We compute the near horizon supertranslation charge and find the proper near horizon falloff conditions that uncover a soft graviton theorem from the Ward identity of the near horizon supertranslation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
The impact of the digital economy on quality of life: empirical evidence from 220 cities in China
Authors: Ma Deyong , Ma Yongjun 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test if the digital economy improves the quality of life of our residents. Furthermore, if this finding is confirmed, what would be the mechanism behind its effect? Does the impact of the digital economy on quality of life vary according to its level of development?

Design/methodology/approach
A comprehensive index of the digital economy, income gap and quality of life was constructed empirically based on data from 220 cities in China from 2011–2020. A multi-dimensional empirical analysis was conducted in this paper.

Findings
The analysis of the pathways of action shows that narrowing the income gap is an important mechanism through which the digital economy actively contributes to the quality of life. The results of the threshold model show that the “marginal effect” of the digital economy on quality of life is non-linear and increasing. The results show that after a series of robustness tests, including instrumental variables, the digital economy still significantly enhances people’s quality of life.

Research limitations/implications
This paper reveals the intrinsic link between the digital economy and quality of life and provides a theoretical basis for further improving people’s well-being.

Practical implications
Encouraging the development of the digital economy is a useful way to improve the quality of life by narrowing the income gap.

Originality/value
Data analysis of the digital economy from 2011–2020 in China to get an insight into what would be the mechanism behind the digital economy improving the quality of life of our residents.