bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the purpose of log roll examination in the unconscious adult trauma patient during trauma reception?
Authors: Singh Tveit Megha , Singh Eshana , Olaussen Alexander , Liew Susan , Fitzgerald Mark C , Mitra Biswadev 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundDuring assessment after injury, the log roll examination, in particular palpation of the thoracolumbar spine, has low sensitivity for detecting spinal injury. The manoeuvre itself requires a pause during trauma resuscitation. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of the log roll examination in unconscious trauma patients for the diagnosis of soft tissue and thoracolumbar spine injuries.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was undertaken, reviewing the cases of unconscious (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) <9) and/or intubated major trauma (Injury Severity Scale (ISS) >12, abbreviated injury scale 2008) patients from the Alfred Trauma Registry, over a 2-year period from January 2011 to December 2012. Log roll examination findings, as documented in the medical record, were compared with CT reports. Out of the 624 screened records, 222 (35.6%) were excluded as the log roll or CT/MRI had not been performed.ResultsThere were a total of 2028 major trauma presentations to the Alfred Hospital Emergency and Trauma Centre during the study period. Excluded cases comprised 147 patients who did not have a documented log roll, and 75 patients who did not have a CT or MRI. Of the 402 cases that met inclusion criteria, 35.3% had a thoracolumbar fracture, and the sensitivity of log roll examination was found to be 27.5%, with a specificity of 91%. The negative likelihood ratio for abnormalities on log roll was low (0.8).ConclusionsExamination of the back in unconscious trauma patients could be limited to visual inspection only to allow identification of penetrating wounds and other soft tissue injuries (including of the posterior scalp) and removal of foreign bodies, in patients planned for CT scans. The low sensitivity and poor negative likelihood ratio suggest that a normal log roll examination does not accurately predict the absence of bony injury to the thoracolumbar spine.
Determination of the activation enthalpy for migration of dislocations in plastically deformed 8006 Al-alloy by positron annihilation lifetime technique
Authors: Salah Mohammed , Abdel-Rahman M. , Badawi Emad A. , Abdel-Rahman M. A. 
Published: June 2016

The activation enthalpy for migration of dislocations of plastically deformed 8006 Al-alloy was investigated by positron annihilation lifetime technique. Plastic deformation using a hydraulic press produces mainly dislocations and may produce point defects. The type of defect was studied by isochronal annealing which determines the temperature range of recovery of each type. Only one type of defect (dislocations) was observed for the investigated sample and was found to be recovered within the range 455–700 K. Isothermal annealing by slow cooling was performed through this range and used in determination of the activation enthalpy of migration of dislocations which was found to be 0.26 ± 0.01 eV.
High Performance Packet Processing with FlexNIC
Authors: Kaufmann Antoine , Peter SImon , Sharma Naveen Kr. , Anderson Thomas , Krishnamurthy Arvind 
Published: June 2016

The recent surge of network I/O performance has put enormous pressure on memory and software I/O processing sub systems. We argue that the primary reason for high memory and processing overheads is the inefficient use of these resources by current commodity network interface cards (NICs). We propose FlexNIC, a flexible network DMA interface that can be used by operating systems and applications alike to reduce packet processing overheads. FlexNIC allows services to install packet processing rules into the NIC, which then executes simple operations on packets while exchanging them with host memory. Thus, our proposal moves some of the packet processing traditionally done in software to the NIC, where it can be done flexibly and at high speed.
We quantify the potential benefits of FlexNIC by emulating the proposed FlexNIC functionality with existing hardware or in software. We show that significant gains in application performance are possible, in terms of both latency and throughput, for several widely used applications, including a key-value store, a stream processing system, and an intrusion detection system.
ProteusTM
Authors: Didona Diego , Diegues Nuno , Kermarrec Anne-Marie , Guerraoui Rachid , Neves Ricardo , Romano Paolo 
Published: June 2016

The Transactional Memory (TM) paradigm promises to greatly simplify the development of concurrent applications. This led, over the years, to the creation of a plethora of TM implementations delivering wide ranges of performance across workloads. Yet, no universal implementation fits each and every workload. In fact, the best TM in a given workload can reveal to be disastrous for another one. This forces developers to face the complex task of tuning TM implementations, which significantly hampers their wide adoption. In this paper, we address the challenge of automatically identifying the best TM implementation for a given workload. Our proposed system, ProteusTM, hides behind the TM interface a large library of implementations. Underneath, it leverages a novel multi-dimensional online optimization scheme, combining two popular learning techniques: Collaborative Filtering and Bayesian Optimization.
We integrated ProteusTM in GCC and demonstrate its ability to switch between TMs and adapt several configuration parameters (e.g., number of threads). We extensively evaluated ProteusTM, obtaining average performance <3% from optimal, and gains up to 100x over static alternatives.
Programmer Productivity in a World of Mushy Interfaces
Authors: Witchel Emmett 
Published: June 2016

Since 1964, we had the notion that the instruction set architecture (ISA) is a useful and fairly opaque abstraction layer between hardware and software. Software rode hardware's performance wave while remaining gloriously oblivious to hardware's growing complexity. Unfortunately, the jig is up. We still have ISAs, but the abstraction no longer offers seamless portability---parallel software needs to be tuned for different core counts, and heterogeneous processing elements (CPUs, GPUs, accelerators) further complicate programmability. We are better at building large-scale heterogeneous processors than we are at programming them. Maintaining software across multiple current platforms is difficult and porting to future platforms is also difficult. There have been many technical responses: virtual ISAs (e.g., NVIDIA's PTX), higher-level programming interfaces (e.g., CUDA or OpenCL), and late-stage compilation and platform-specific tailoring (e.g., Android ART), etc.
A team of opinionated experts, drawn from the three ASPLOS communities will examine the problem of programmer productivity in the post-ISA world, first from the perspective of their area of expertise and then noting the contributions from the other two communities. What research will save us and how? This wide-ranging debate will frame important research areas for future work while being grounded in frank discussion about what has succeeded in the past. Attendees can expect actionable insight into important research issues as well an entertaining discussion.
Antiendothelial αvβ3 Antibodies Are a Major Cause of Intracranial Bleeding in Fetal/Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Santoso Sentot , Wihadmadyatami Hevi , Bakchoul Tamam , Werth Silke , Al-Fakhri Nadia , Bein Gregor , Kiefel Volker , Zhu Jieqing , Newman Peter J. , Bayat Behnaz , Sachs Ulrich J. 
Published: June 2016

Objective—
Fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is a severe bleeding disorder, which can result in intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), leading to death or neurological sequelae. In whites, maternal anti–human platelet antigen-1a (HPA-1a) antibodies are responsible for the majority of cases. No predictive factors for ICH are available to guide prophylactic treatment during pregnancy. In this study, we investigated antibodies from mothers with ICH-positive fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and with ICH-negative fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia to identify serological and functional differences between the groups.

Approach and Results—
In an antigen capture assay, we observed a stronger binding of +ICH antibodies to endothelial cell (EC)–derived αvβ3. By absorption experiments, we subsequently identified anti–HPA-1a antibodies of anti-αvβ3 specificity in the +ICH but not in the −ICH cohort. Only the anti–αvβ3 subtype, but not the anti–β3 subtype, induced EC apoptosis of HPA-1a–positive ECs by caspase-3/7 activation, and mediated by reactive oxygen species. In addition, only the anti–αvβ3 subtype, but not the anti-β3 subtype, interfered with EC adhesion to vitronectin and with EC tube formation.

Conclusions—
We conclude that the composition of the anti–HPA-1a antibody subtype(s) of the mother may determine whether ICH occurs. Analysis of anti–HPA-1a antibodies of the anti–αvβ3 subtype in maternal serum has potential in the diagnostic prediction of ICH development and may allow for modification of prophylactic treatment in fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.
Relationship of Insulin Resistance to Prevalence and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification Beyond Metabolic Syndrome Components
Authors: Yamazoe Masahiro , Hisamatsu Takashi , Miura Katsuyuki , Kadowaki Sayaka , Zaid Maryam , Kadota Aya , Torii Sayuki , Miyazawa Itsuko , Fujiyoshi Akira , Arima Hisatomi , Sekikawa Akira , Maegawa Hiroshi , Horie Minoru , Ueshima Hirotsugu 
Published: June 2016

Objective—
The association between insulin resistance (IR) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) has been uncertain after adjustment for metabolic syndrome components. We aimed to evaluate whether IR is associated with CAC prevalence or progression independently of metabolic syndrome components.

Approach and Results—

We conducted a population-based study in a random sample of Japanese men aged 40 to 79 years and determined IR using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The associations of HOMA-IR and other diabetic parameters per 1-SD increase with CAC prevalence and progression were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Of 1006 total participants at baseline (mean age, 64±10 years), CAC prevalence was observed in 646 (64.2%), and of 789 participants at follow-up (mean duration, 4.9±1.3 years), CAC progression was observed in 365 (46.3%). After adjustment for covariates including metabolic syndrome components, higher HOMA-IR was independently associated with CAC prevalence (adjusted odds ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.63;
P
=0.003) and progression (odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.60;
P
=0.004). In participants without diabetes mellitus, positive associations were similarly observed (prevalence: odds ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.60;
P
=0.022; and progression: odds ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.55;
P
=0.042), whereas glucose and hemoglobin A1c were not associated with CAC prevalence and progression.

Conclusions—
Higher IR was associated with CAC prevalence and progression independently of metabolic syndrome components in Japanese men and also in those without diabetes mellitus. Among diabetic measures, IR and fasting insulin, but not glucose and hemoglobin A1c, predicted CAC progression in men without diabetes mellitus.
Association Between Midlife Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk of Stroke
Authors: Pandey Ambarish , Patel Minesh R. , Willis Benjamin , Gao Ang , Leonard David , Das Sandeep R. , Defina Laura , Berry Jarett D. 
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose—
Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke. However, the extent to which this association is explained by the development of stroke risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation is unknown. We evaluated the relationship between midlife CRF and risk of stroke after the age of 65 years, independent of the antecedent risk factor burden.

Methods—
Linking participant data from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study with Medicare claims files, we studied 19 815 individuals who survived to receive Medicare coverage from 1999 to 2009. CRF estimated at baseline by Balke treadmill time was analyzed as a continuous variable (in metabolic equivalents) and according to age- and sex-specific quintiles (Q1=low CRF). Associations between midlife CRF and stroke hospitalization after the age of 65 years were assessed by applying a proportional hazards recurrent events model to the failure time data with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation as time-dependent covariates.

Results—
After 129 436 person-years of Medicare follow-up, we observed 808 stroke hospitalizations. After adjustment for baseline risk factors, higher midlife CRF was associated with a lower risk of stroke hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49–0.76; quintiles 4–5 versus 1]. This association remained unchanged after additional adjustment for burden of Medicare-identified stroke risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation; HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.51–0.79; quintiles 4–5 versus 1).

Conclusions—
There is a strong, inverse association between midlife CRF and stroke risk in later life independent of baseline and antecedent burden of risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation.
Large-Eddy Simulation of a Coastal Ocean under the Combined Effects of Surface Heat Fluxes and Full-Depth Langmuir Circulation
Authors: Walker Rachel , Tejada-Martínez Andrés E. , Grosch Chester E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractResults are presented from the large-eddy simulations (LES) of a wind-driven flow representative of the shallow coastal ocean under the influences of Langmuir forcing and surface heating and cooling fluxes. Langmuir (wind and surface gravity wave) forcing leads to the generation of Langmuir turbulence consisting of a wide range of Langmuir circulations (LCs) or parallel, counterrotating vortices that are aligned roughly in the direction of the wind. In unstratified, shallow coastal regions, the largest of the LCs reach the bottom of the water column. Full-depth LCs are investigated under surface waves with a significant wave height of 1.2 m and a dominant wavelength of 90 m and wave period of 8 s, for a wind speed of 7.8 m s−1 in a 15-m-deep coastal shelf region. Both unstable and stable stratification are imposed by constant surface heat fluxes and an adiabatic bottom wall. Simulations are characterized by Rayleigh and Richardson numbers representative of surface buoyancy forcing relative to wind forcing. For the particular combination of Langmuir forcing parameters studied, although surface cooling is able to augment the strength of LC, a significantly high cooling flux of 560 W m−2 (such that the Rayleigh number is Raτ = 1000) is required in order for turbulence kinetic energy generation by convection to exceed Langmuir production. Such a transition is expected at a lower heat flux for weaker wind and wave conditions and thus weaker LCs than those studied. Furthermore, a surface heating flux of approximately 281 W m−2 (such that the Richardson number is Riτ = 500) is able to inhibit vertical mixing of LC, particularly in the bottom half of the water column, allowing stable stratification to develop.
Observations of the Structure and Evolution of Hurricane Edouard (2014) during Intensity Change. Part II: Kinematic Structure and the Distribution of Deep Convection
Authors: Rogers Robert F. , Zhang Jun A. , Zawislak Jonathan , Jiang Haiyan , Alvey George R. , Zipser Edward J. , Stevenson Stephanie N. 
Published: June 2016

The structural evolution of the inner core and near-environment throughout the life cycle of Hurricane Edouard (2014) is examined using a synthesis of airborne and satellite measurements. This study specifically focuses on differences in the distribution of deep convection during two periods: when Edouard intensified toward hurricane status, and when Edouard peaked in intensity and began to weaken. While both periods saw precipitation maximized in the downshear-left and upshear-left quadrants, deep convection was only seen from the aircraft during the intensifying period. Deep convection was located farther inside the radius of maximum winds (RMW) during the intensifying period than the weakening period. This convection is traced to strong updrafts inside the RMW in the downshear-right quadrant, tied to strong low-level convergence and high convective available potential energy (CAPE) as the storm remained over warm water in a moist environment. Strong updrafts persisted upshear left and were collocated with high inertial stability in the inner core. During weakening, no deep convection was present, and the precipitation that was observed was associated with weaker convergence downshear right at larger radii, as CAPE was reduced from lower sea surface temperatures, reduced humidity from subsidence, and a stronger warm core. Weak updrafts were seen upshear left, with little coincidence with the high inertial stability of the inner core. These results highlight the importance of the azimuthal coverage of precipitation and the radial location of deep convection for intensification. A more symmetrical coverage can occur despite the presence of shear-driven azimuthal asymmetries in both the forcing and the local environment of the precipitation.
War and disaster in Sri Lanka: Depression, family adjustment and health among women heading households
Authors: Banford Witting Alyssa , Lambert Jessica , Wickrama Thulitha , Thanigaseelan Sivaguru , Merten Michael 
Published: June 2016

Background: The civil war, lasting from 1983 to 2009, and the tsunami that struck Southeastern Asia in 2004 were major stressors that changed the demographic landscape of the northern province of Sri Lanka. The composition of families changed dramatically, with an increase in female-headed households, largely due to casualties. The conservation of resources (COR) model was applied in this study to examine relationships between risk and resiliency factors among women heading households, including women widowed by war or disaster. Aims: This study represents an investigation of the association between predictive risk and resiliency factors (i.e. war damage and loss, social support, economic status, religious participation and discrimination) and outcomes representing well-being (depressive symptoms, family adjustment and a rating of physical health). Methods: Data from 514 women heading households living in the Kilinochchi district of Sri Lanka were collected through face-to-face interviews in 2013, and associations among the data were estimated using path analysis. Results: Results suggest that resiliency factors that are representative of greater resources generally predicted lower levels of distress and vice versa. Conclusion: Further study informing intervention development with women heading households in Sri Lanka is warranted to better understand which individual, family and community resources are most important to mobilize for sustainable recovery efforts to be successful in the decades following war and natural disaster.
Ballroom Dance
Authors: Stevens-Ratchford Regena G. 
Published: June 2016

Objective This study explored ballroom dance as serious leisure and successful aging in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. Methods Qualitative procedures were used to explore stories of ballroom dance and successful aging. Results Participants described positive successful aging and active leisure engagement. Three themes emerged from thematic analyses: (a) Ballroom Dance as Serious Leisure: Its Dimensions; (b) Ballroom Dance: Its Link to Successful Aging; (c) The Affinity: We Love to Dance!. Conclusion The participants’ ballroom dance revealed serious leisure characteristics in conjunction with their successful aging. They loved to dance, self-identified as ballroom dancers, and orchestrated their dance activities within its social world. Future research should examine the relation of successful aging to the social world of ballroom dance.
Effects on the Tarsal Tunnel Following Malerba Z-type Osteotomy Compared to Standard Lateralizing Calcaneal Osteotomy
Authors: Cody Elizabeth A. , Greditzer Harry G. , MacMahon Aoife , Burket Jayme C. , Sofka Carolyn M. , Ellis Scott J. 
Published: June 2016

Background: Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a known complication of lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy. A Malerba Z-type osteotomy may preserve more tarsal tunnel volume (TTV) and decrease risk of neurovascular injury. We investigated 2 effects on the tarsal tunnel of the Malerba osteotomy compared to a standard lateralizing osteotomy using a cadaveric model: (1) the effect on TTV as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (2) the proximity of the osteotomy saw cuts to the tibial nerve. Methods: Ten above-knee paired cadaveric specimens underwent MRI of the ankle to obtain a baseline measurement of TTV. One foot in each pair received a standard lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy, with the other foot receiving a Malerba osteotomy. MRIs were performed after each of 3 increasing amounts of lateral displacement, which were accompanied by increasing amounts of wedge resection in the Malerba osteotomy group. TTV was measured on MRI using previously described and validated parameters. Differences in TTV with osteotomy type, displacement, and their interaction were assessed with generalized estimating equations. After all MRIs were completed, each specimen was dissected and the nearest distance of tibial nerve branches to the osteotomy site was measured. Results: Baseline TTV averaged 13 229 ± 2354 mm3 and did not differ between groups ( P = .386). TTV decreased on average by 7% after the first translation, 14% after the second, and 27% after the third ( P < .005 for each). The magnitude of the decrease in TTV did not differ between those specimens with standard osteotomies versus those with Malerba osteotomies ( P = .578). At least one of the major branches of the tibial nerve crossed the osteotomy site in 5 of 5 specimens that received the Malerba osteotomy versus 2 of 5 that received a standard osteotomy. Conclusion: Regardless of osteotomy type, lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy decreased TTV. In all specimens, the osteotomy was at the level of branches of the tibial nerve. Clinical Relevance: Our results demonstrate that lateralizing calcaneal osteotomies must be performed with care to avoid excessive lateral translation as well as direct nerve injury on the nonvisualized medial side of the calcaneus.