bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semiotics of precision and imprecision
Authors: Hoxha Bujar 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The fact of the multi-dimensionality of semiotics is an issue that offers more possibilities: either seen in the sense of their precise foreseeing, providing for, or discussing a scientific phenomenon, or otherwise, seen in the shape of its multiple formations, such as in the case of overcoming its rules. My aim in this paper is to make an attempt at proposing an hypothesis that may be overcoming another one, thus expressing ambiguity instead of precision, a metaphor instead a mono-semantic lexeme, or a complex instead of a simple phenomenon (thus, naming the different semiotic realities). This can be performed by representing at least some of the approaches to semiotics as a discipline: either seeing it as an expression of clearing redundancies through oppositions, through processes of representation, or through life processes. Starting from language-based semiotics, through scholars like Saussure and Jakobson, as well as through the Greimasian and Peirceian schools of semiotics, I have tried to exemplify what I have called semiotics of precision, on one hand, and what I have called a semiotics of imprecision, on the other. In the frames of such an exemplifying of these two approaches, I have tried to focus on the dichotomy between seeming and reality.
Leadership as zero-institution
Authors: Kuronen Tuomas , Huhtinen Aki-Mauri 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this essay, we study the emergence and institutionalization of political leadership. Our empirical case is the presidential leadership of the former Cold War era President of Finland, Urho Kekkonen. Towards the end of his tenure as the president, which lasted for 25 years, his leadership became a “zero-institution,” in the same sense as articulated by Claude Lévi-Strauss. Kekkonen became an iconic figure in the society, whose status as the leader was never seriously challenged during his tenure. His private fishing ritual among his fishing “tribe” provided central content for his leadership mythology as an “able fisherman,” which he and his allies used for the purposes of furthering his political objectives. Along the emergence of his uncontested status in the society, the country’s “official line” in foreign policy became to be known as “Finnlandisierung” outside Finland; a culture in which a weak state yields to the demands of a stronger neighbor without direct military intervention. In light of this, we also discuss the potential of zero-institutions and similar “traumas” in association with the (ab)use of power in organizations and a culture of (self-)censorship.
Toward an embodied account of double-voiced discourse: The critical role of imagery and affect in Bakhtin’s dialogic imagination
Authors: Krasny Karen A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Drawing from Paivio’s (1986, Mental representations: A dual coding approach. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991, Images in mind: The evolution of a theory. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 2007, Mind and its evolution: A dual coding theoretical approach. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum) dual-coding theory, I argue that an understanding of the structure and function of mental imagery and affect can lead to an embodied and more comprehensive account of the addressivity that characterizes Bakhtin’s double-voiced discourse. A dialogic exchange between characters in Orhan Pamuk’s (2004, Snow. New York: Vintage) Snow provides a literary example of an intersubjective encounter to demonstrate that crafting consciousness in the novel and sustaining Bakhtin’s double-voiced discourse relies on the cognitive capacity to access both verbal and non-verbal imagery. I position Bakhtinian dialogism within a historical overview of the nature of mind and mental imagery in western philosophy to elucidate the tenuous relation between Bakhtin’s dialogic existence and the principles of empiricism as expressed in Dewey (1987 [1934], Art as experience. In Jo Ann Boydston (ed.), The later works of John Dewey, 1925–1953, vol. 10. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1980 [1916], Democracy and education. In Jo Ann Boydston (ed.), The middle works of John Dewey, 1899–1924, vol. 9. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press) and Mead (1934, Mind, self, and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964, The objective reality of perspectives. In A. Reck (ed.) Selected writings, 312–314. Chicago: University of Chicago Press). With reference to Damasio’s (1999, The feeling of what happens: Body and emotion in the making of consciousness. New York: Harcourt) neurobiological account of consciousness, Langer’s (1957, Philosophy in a new key: A study in the symbolism of reason, rite, and art. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) evolutionary account of language, and Thompson’s (2007, Mind in life: Biology, phenomenology and the sciences of mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) phenomenological account of empathy, I outline how Bakhtin’s dialogism differs from embodied theories of mind and consciousness in several fundamental ways to preclude a full appreciation of the other’s empathetic experience of oneself in authoring a socially shared existence.
Studies on Stepped Air Ejector Diffusers incorporating Heat Transfer Effects
Authors: Singh Parminder , Singh SidhNath , Seshadri V 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Air ejector diffusers are employed in gas turbine exhaust systems to cool the exhaust gases. These diffusers are developed as passive devices, which use the energy of the main flow to entrain the relatively cool ambient air through the annular slot openings. Multiple slot openings are provided along the length of ejector diffusers to lower the temperatures of the exhaust gases. This paper presents results of a 3-D numerical study carried out at a fixed Reynolds Number of 2.5×105 with a corresponding inlet Mach number of about 0.22 on three configurations of a non-circular ejector diffuser having an overall area ratio of 9. The three configurations being investigated are the best diffuser configurations established on the basis of cold flow studies reported in literature. The results are presented in terms of temperature distribution, entrainment mass flux rates and static pressure recovery. The results show that the higher number of slot openings improves cooling in the ejector diffuser as compared to thicker interfaces or inclination at the slot inlet.
Foam Rolling of Quadriceps Decreases Biceps Femoris Activation
Authors: Cavanaugh Mark T. , Aboodarda Saied Jalal , Hodgson Daniel D. , Behm David G. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Cavanaugh, MT, Aboodarda, SJ, Hodgson, DD, and Behm, DG. Foam rolling of quadriceps decreases biceps femoris activation. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2238–2245, 2017—Foam rolling has been shown to increase range of motion without subsequent performance impairments of the rolled muscle, however, there are no studies examining rolling effects on antagonist muscles. The objective of this study was to determine whether foam rolling the hamstrings and/or quadriceps would affect hamstrings and quadriceps activation in men and women. Recreationally, active men (n = 10, 25 ± 4.6 years, 180.1 ± 4.4 cm, 86.5 ± 15.7 kg) and women (n = 8, 21.75 ± 3.2 years, 166.4 ± 8.8 cm, 58.9 ± 7.9 kg) had surface electromyographic activity analyzed in the dominant vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles on a single leg landing from a hurdle jump under 4 conditions. Conditions included rolling of the hamstrings, quadriceps, both muscle groups, and a control session. Biceps femoris activation significantly decreased after quadriceps foam rolling (F
(1,16) = 7.45, p = 0.015, −8.9%). There were no significant changes in quadriceps activation after hamstrings foam rolling. This might be attributed to the significantly greater levels of perceived pain with quadriceps rolling applications (F
(1,18) = 39.067, p < 0.001, 98.2%). There were no sex-based changes in activation after foam rolling for VL (F
(6,30) = 1.31, p = 0.283), VM (F
(6,30) = 1.203, p = 0.332), or BF (F
(6,36) = 1.703, p = 0.199). Antagonist muscle activation may be altered after agonist foam rolling, however, it can be suggested that any changes in activation are likely a result of reciprocal inhibition due to increased agonist pain perception.
Effect of Game Design, Goal Type, and Player Numbers on the Physiological and Physical Demands of Hurling-Specific Small-Sided Games
Authors: Malone Shane , Collins Kieran D. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Malone, S and Collins, K. Effect of game design, goal type, and player numbers on the physiological and physical demands of hurling-specific small-sided games. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1493–1499, 2017—The current study examined the effect that game design modification, goal type, and player numbers on the running performance and physiological demands of small-sided hurling games (SSG). Forty-eight hurling players (age, 25.5 ± 3.2 years; height, 178.9 ± 3.2 cm; body mass, 78.5 ± 4.5 kg) performed 4 types of SSG (possession [P], normal play [NP], regular goals [RG] and small goals [SG]) in 4-a-side, 5-a-side, and 6-a-side formats. Heart rate (Polar Electro Oy) and global positioning system technology (VX Sport, 4-Hz, Lower Hutt) were used to analyze the physical and physiological differences between SSG. Total distance (m), high-speed running distance (m) (≥17 km·h−1), very–high speed running distance (≥22 km·h−1) (m), peak and mean velocity (km·h−1) were analyzed as an indicator of the physical demands of play. The 4-a-side SSG independent of game design and goal type resulted in a significantly higher relative exercise intensity compared with 5-a-side (mean change: 6 ± 2%; p = 0.001; d = 1.9 ± 0.2; large) and 6-a-side SSG independent of game design or goal type (mean change: 12 ± 2%; p = 0.001; d = 2.9 ± 0.8; very large). The 4-a-side SG (619 ± 106-m [419–735-m]) resulted in the highest distance when compared with all PP (mean change: 141 ± 9 m; p = 0.05; d = 1.9 ± 0.3; moderate) and RG (mean change: 119 ± 39 m; p = 0.004; d = 2.1 ± 0.8; large). Similar trends were observed for 5-a-side and 6-a-side games with SG resulting in increased total running performance. In conclusion, the current observations reveal that 4-a-side NP, SG, and RG have the highest physiological demands with 4-a-side SG having increased running performance in contrast to other game design and goal-type games. Furthermore, independent of game design and goal type, 4-a-side SSG show increased relative intensity compared with 5-a-side and 6-a-side SSG.
Quantifying the High-Speed Running and Sprinting Profiles of Elite Female Soccer Players During Competitive Matches Using an Optical Player Tracking System
Authors: Mara Jocelyn K. , Thompson Kevin G. , Pumpa Kate L. , Morgan Stuart 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Mara, JK, Thompson, KG, Pumpa, KL, and Morgan, S. Quantifying the high-speed running and sprinting profiles of elite female soccer players during competitive matches using an optical player tracking system. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1500–1508, 2017—The aim of this study was to determine the high-speed running and sprinting profiles of elite female soccer players during competitive matches using a new Optical Player Tracking system. Eight stationary video cameras were positioned at vantage points surrounding the soccer field so that when each camera view was combined, the entire field could be viewed simultaneously. After each match, an optical player tracking system detected the coordinates (x, y) of each player for every video frame. Algorithms applied to the x and y coordinates were used to determine activity variables for 12 elite female players across 7 competitive matches. Players covered 9,220–10,581 m of total distance, 1,772–2,917 m of high-speed running (3.4–5.3 m·s−1) distance, and 417–850 m of sprinting (>5.4 m·s−1) distance, with variations between positional groups (p < 0.001; partial η
2 = 0.444–0.488). Similarly, the number of high-speed runs differed between positional groups (p = 0.002; partial η
2 = 0.342), and a large proportion of high-speed runs (81–84%) and sprints (71–78%) were performed over distances less than 10 m. Mean time between high-speed runs (13.9 ± 4.4 seconds) and sprints (86.5 ± 38.0 seconds) varied according to playing position (p < 0.001; partial η
2 = 0.409) and time of the match (p < 0.001; partial η
2 = 0.113–0.310). The results of this study can be used to design match-specific conditioning drills and shows that coaches should take an individualized approach to training load monitoring according to position.
Intrasession and Intersession Reliability of Quadriceps' and Hamstrings' Electromyography During a Standardized Hurdle Jump Test With Single Leg Landing
Authors: Cavanaugh Mark T. , Aboodarda Saied Jalal , Behm David G. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Cavanaugh, MT, Aboodarda, SJ, and Behm, DG. Intrasession and intersession reliability of quadriceps' and hamstrings' electromyography during a standardized hurdle jump test with single leg landing. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1601–1609, 2017—The objective of this study was to develop a standardized test to determine quadriceps and hamstrings muscle activation in a position emulating a noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. We assessed the intrasession and intersession reliability of surface electromyography (EMG) of the dominant leg after single-leg landing from a standardized hurdle jump. Eighteen subjects (10 males, 8 females) participated in 4 repeated sessions. During each session, individuals performed 3 successful jumps over a hurdle set to 75% of their maximal countermovement jump height and landed on their dominant leg. A jump was only considered successful if the individual could maintain the landing position for longer than 2 seconds after initial ground contact. In one of the 4 sessions, subjects were tested again after a 4-minute rest. The activation of the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and biceps femoris (BF), were examined by quantifying the root mean squared (RMS) EMG for 2 seconds immediately after the initial contact. Data from all 3 successful jumps were used to generate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), which were then used to determine intrasession and intersession reliability of surface EMG for each muscle. Intrasession reliability was excellent with ICC values of 0.96, 0.94, and 0.93 for the VL, VM, and BF, respectively. Additionally, intersession ICCs were 0.92 (VL), 0.95 (VM), and 0.94 (BF). The standardized hurdle jump with single-leg landing seemed to be a reliable technique for measuring muscle activation for 3 muscles that contribute to knee stabilization.
Do Neuromuscular Dentistry–Designed Mouthguards Enhance Dynamic Movement Ability in Competitive Athletes?
Authors: Cotter Joshua A. , Jamison Steve T. , Schloemer Sarah A. , Chaudhari Ajit M.W. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Cotter, JA, Jamison, ST, Schloemer, SA, and Chaudhari, AMW. Do neuromuscular dentistry–designed mouthguards enhance dynamic movement ability in competitive athletes? J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1627–1635, 2017—The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a neuromuscular dentistry–designed mouthguard (NMDD) on dynamic movement ability. Forty-two competitive athletes (8 women, 21.9 ± 2.9 years, 66.8 ± 18.8 kg, 1.68 ± 0.11 m; 34 men, 22.8 ± 4.8 years, 77.4 ± 12.7 kg, 1.78 ± 0.08 m) with greater than 2 years' experience in their designated sport were enrolled in the study. Participants completed the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT), and a single-leg landing (SLL) task. Each subject was tested with 3 separate mouthguard conditions in random order: (a) no mouthguard (NO), (b) over-the-counter boil-and-bite mouthguard (BB; Shockdoctor Gravity, (c) and an NMDD (Pure Power Elite). Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance for each variable. There were no differences between mouthguard conditions in each of the 7 individual components or composite FMS score (p > 0.05). No differences were seen in the anterior, posteromedial, or posterolateral movements of the mSEBT; overall composite score; or time-to-contact measurements (p > 0.05). The BB condition (2.16 Nm·kg−1) exhibited higher peak knee valgus moments (pKVM) on the right leg only when compared with the NMDD condition (1.95 Nm·kg−1; p = 0.003) but not the NO condition (2.09 Nm·kg−1; p = 0.7262) during the SLL task. No differences in pKVM were seen on the left leg (p = 0.324). In conclusion, an NMDD was not effective at enhancing or diminishing measures of dynamic movement ability compared with BB or NO conditions.
Transcription factor ANAC032 modulates JA/SA signalling in response to Pseudomonas syringae infection
Authors: Allu Annapurna Devi , Brotman Yariv , Xue Gang‐Ping , Balazadeh Salma 
Published: September 2016

AbstractResponses to pathogens, including host transcriptional reprogramming, require partially antagonistic signalling pathways dependent on the phytohormones salicylic (SA) and jasmonic (JA) acids. However, upstream factors modulating the interplay of these pathways are not well characterized. Here, we identify the transcription factor ANAC032 from Arabidopsis thaliana as one such regulator in response to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). ANAC032 directly represses MYC2 activation upon Pst attack, resulting in blockage of coronatine‐mediated stomatal reopening which restricts entry of bacteria into plant tissue. Furthermore, ANAC032 activates SA signalling by repressing NIMIN1, a key negative regulator of SA‐dependent defence. Finally, ANAC032 reduces expression of JA‐responsive genes, including PDF1.2A. Thus, ANAC032 enhances resistance to Pst by generating an orchestrated transcriptional output towards key SA‐ and JA‐signalling genes coordinated through direct binding of ANAC032 to the MYC2, NIMIN1 and PDF1.2A promoters.
The androgen receptor gene CAG repeat  in relation to 4-year changes in  androgen-sensitive endpoints in  community-dwelling older European men
Authors: Eendebak Robert J A H , Huhtaniemi Ilpo T , Pye Stephen R , Ahern Tomas , O’Neill Terence W , Bartfai György , Casanueva Felipe F , Maggi Mario , Forti Gianni , Alston Robert D , Giwercman Aleksander , Han Thang S , Kula Krzysztof , Lean Michael E J , Punab Margus , Pendleton Neil , Keevil Brian G , Vanderschueren Dirk , Rutter Martin K , Tampubolon Gindo , Goodacre Royston , Wu Frederick C W , _ _ 
Published: September 2016

Context
The androgen receptor (AR) gene exon 1 CAG repeat length has been proposed to be a determinant of between-individual variations in androgen action in target tissues, which might regulate phenotypic differences of human ageing. However, findings on its phenotypic effects are inconclusive.

Objective
To assess whether the AR CAG repeat length is associated with longitudinal changes in endpoints that are influenced by testosterone (T) levels in middle-aged and elderly European men.

Design
Multinational European observational prospective cohort study.

Participants
A total of 1887 men (mean ± s.d. age: 63 ± 11 years; median follow up: 4.3 years) from centres of eight European countries comprised the analysis sample after exclusion of those with diagnosed diseases of the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular (HPT) axis.

Main outcome measures
Longitudinal associations between the AR CAG repeat and changes in androgen-sensitive endpoints (ASEs) and medical conditions were assessed using regression analysis adjusting for age and centre. The AR CAG repeat length was treated as both a continuous and a categorical (6–20; 21–23; 24–39 repeats) predictor. Additional analysis investigated whether results were independent of baseline T or oestradiol (E2) levels.

Results
The AR CAG repeat, when used as a continuous or a categorical predictor, was not associated with longitudinal changes in ASEs or medical conditions after adjustments. These results were independent of T and E2 levels.

Conclusion
Within a 4-year time frame, variations in the AR CAG repeat do not contribute to the rate of phenotypic ageing, over and above, which might be associated with the age-related decline in T levels.
Editorial: Augmenting Learning Analytics with Multimodal Sensory Data​
Authors: Ochoa Xavier , Worsley Marcelo 
Published: September 2016

The goal of Learning Analytics is to understand and improve learning. However, learning does not always occur through or mediated by a technological system that can collect digital traces. To be able to study learning in non-technology centered environments, several signals, such as video and audio, should be captured, processed and analyzed to produce traces of the actions and interactions of the actors of the learning process. The use and integration of the different modalities present in those signals is known as Multimodal Learning Analytics. This editorial presents a brief introduction to this new variation of Learning Analytics and summarizes the four representative articles included in this special issue. The editorial closes with a small discussion about the current opportunities and challenges in multimodal learning analytics.
NICU Culture of Care for Infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: A Focused Ethnography
Authors: Nelson Monica Marie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this focused ethnography was to describe the culture of care and nonpharmacologic nursing interventions performed by NICU nurses for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).Method: Roper and Shapira’s1 framework for the analysis included participant observation, individual interviews, and examination of existing documents.Sample: Twelve full-time nurses were observed and interviewed.Results: Results described the culture of care provided to infants with NAS by NICU nurses as evidenced by six themes: learn the baby (routine care, comfort care, environment, adequate rest and sleep, feeding), core team relationships (support, interpersonal relationships), role satisfaction (nurturer/comforter, becoming an expert), grief, making a difference (wonderful insanity, critical to them), and education and care of the mother.
On Lr
-regularity of global attractors generated by strong solutions of reaction-diffusion equations
Authors: Valero José 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this paper we prove that the global attractor generated by strong solutions of a reaction-diffusion equation without uniqueness of the Cauchy problem is bounded in suitable Lr
-spaces. In order to obtain this result we prove first that the concepts of weak and mild solutions are equivalent under an appropriate assumption.
Also, when the nonlinear term of the equation satisfies a supercritical growth condition the existence of a weak attractor is established.