bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of urban eutrophication on pelagic habitat capacity in the Southern California Bight
Authors: Frieder Christina A. , Kessouri Fayçal , Ho Minna , Sutula Martha , Bianchi Daniele , McWilliams James C. , Deutsch Curtis , Howard Evan 
Published: October 2024

Land-based nutrient inputs to the ocean have been linked to increased coastal productivity, subsurface acidification and O2 loss, even in upwelling systems like the Southern California Bight. However, whether eutrophication alters the [environment’s] capacity to support key taxa has yet to be evaluated for this region. Here, we assess the impact of land-based nutrient inputs on the availability of aerobic and calcifying habitat for key pelagic taxa using ocean model simulations. We find that acute, lethal conditions are not commonly induced in epipelagic surface waters, but that sublethal, ecologically relevant changes are pervasive. Land-based nutrient inputs reduce the potential aerobic and calcifier habitat during late summer, when viable habitat is at its seasonal minimum. A region of annually recurring habitat compression is predicted 30 – 90 km from the mainland, southeast of Santa Catalina Island. Here, both aerobic and calcifier habitat is vertically compressed by, on average, 25%, but can be as much as 60%. This effect can be traced to enhanced remineralization of organic matter that originates from the coast. These findings suggest that effects of land-based nutrients are not restricted to chemistry but extend to habitat capacity for multiple taxa of ecological and economic importance. Considerable uncertainty exists, however, in how this habitat compression translates to population-level effects.
Speech motor impairment in ALS is associated with multiregional cortical thinning beyond primary motor cortex
Authors: Zaninotto Ana Luiza , Makary Meena M. , Rowe Hannah P. , Eshghi Marziye , Tseng Chieh-En (Jane) , Chan James , Zürcher Nicole R. , Hooker Jacob , Lewis Austin , Keegan Mackenzie , Gifford Ryan F. , Green Jordan R. , Babu Suma 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionCortical thinning is well-documented in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), yet its association with speech deterioration remains understudied. This study characterizes anatomical changes in the brain within the context of speech impairment patterns in individuals with ALS, providing insight into the disease's multiregional spread and biology.MethodsTo evaluate patterns of cortical thickness in speakers with ALS with and without functional speech changes compared to healthy controls (HCs) using whole-brain and region of interest (ROI) analyses. Forty individuals with ALS and 22 HCs underwent a T1-weighted 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Individuals with ALS were divided into two groups based on the preserved speech [ps-ALS] (n = 18) or deteriorated speech [ds-ALS] (n = 22) as measured by the ALSFRSF-R speech subscore (=4 or &lt;4 points, respectively). Sixteen a priori-defined and automatically segmented cortical and subcortical brain ROIs were selected based on their previously documented roles in speech production. Two cortical thickness analyses were performed: (1) group-level whole-brain surface-based analyses and (2) group-level ROI analyses. A case study of 6 ALS individuals examined the cortical thickness, and their speech was characterized using quantitative and qualitative measures.ResultsBased on the group-level whole-brain surface-based analyses, the ds-ALS group demonstrated significant cortical thinning compared to HCs in the left primary motor and somatosensory cortices and the right inferior parietal lobe with its adjacent lateral occipital cortical regions. The ps-ALS group demonstrated no significant cortical thinning compared to HCs. Based on the group-level ROI analyses, the ds-ALS group demonstrated significant cortical thinning compared to HCs in bilateral middle motor cortices, right posterior dorsal premotor cortex, and left anterior cingulate cortex. The case study analysis revealed that ALS speakers with speech features characteristic of spastic dysarthria exhibited cortical thinning, while those with speech features characteristic of flaccid dysarthria did not.DiscussionIndividuals with ALS have anatomical changes involving multiregional neocortical areas beyond the primary motor cortex that may manifest as subjective (i.e., clinical judgment) and objective (i.e., speaking rate) changes in speech production. Further longitudinal work in ALS is needed to better understand the link between MRI cortical thickness changes and bulbar dysfunction.
Association between the serum glucose-to-potassium ratio and clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients after endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Huang Zhihang , Chen Shuaiyu , Yan E. , Zhang Xiaohao , Su Mouxiao , Zhou Junshan , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2024

Background and purposeThe baseline glucose-to-potassium ratio (GPR) is associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute brain injury and intracranial hemorrhage. However, the impact of serum GPR on clinical outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the GPR at admission and functional outcomes at 90 days after EVT.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our database for patients with acute ischemic stroke involving an anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion who received EVT between October 2019 and December 2021. The baseline serum GPR was measured after admission. The primary outcome was a 90-day poor outcome, which was defined as a modified Rankin scale score of 3–6.ResultsA total of 273 patients (mean age, 70.9 ± 11.9 years; 161 men) were finally included for analyses. During the 90-day follow-up, 151 patients (55.3%) experienced an unfavorable outcome. After adjusting for demographic characteristics and other potential confounders, the increased GPR was significantly associated with a higher risk of a 90-day poor outcome (odds ratio, 1.852; 95% confidence interval, 1.276–2.688, p = 0.001). Similar results were observed when the GPR was analyzed as a categorical variable. In addition, the restricted cubic spline observed a positive and linear association between the GPR and poor outcomes at 90 days (p = 0.329 for linearity; p = 0.001 for linearity).ConclusionOur study found that ischemic stroke patients with the higher GPR at admission were more likely to have an unfavorable prognosis at 3 months, suggesting that GPR may be a potential prognostic biomarker for ischemic stroke after EVT.
Prognostic value of three clinical nutrition scoring system (NRI, PNI, and CONUT) in elderly patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Li Shu-ying , Wan Li-lin , Liu Yi-fan , Li Yu-Wei , Huang Xiang , Liu Rui-ji 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundMost of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) are elderly and have a long course of disease. Preoperative assessment of the patient's clinical nutritional status facilitates early intervention and improves patient prognosis.MethodsWe assessed the nutritional status of PCa patients utilizing the Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), and Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) scoring systems. Survival comparisons between groups were conducted using Kaplan-Meier curve analysis and log-rank tests, while Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was employed to identify independent prognostic factors. Furthermore, we implemented bootstrap-based optimism correction methods to validate the scoring systems and applied decision curve analysis to evaluate the non-inferiority of these three clinical nutrition scoring systems relative to the conventional American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging.ResultsIn this study, malnutrition was diagnosed in 31.51% of the patients using the NRI, 13.02% using the PNI, and 88.28% using the CONUT score. After adjusting for confounders, normal nutritional status as defined by NRI and PNI emerged as an independent prognostic factor for prostate-specific antigen progression-free survival (PSA-PFS). However, nutritional status assessed by CONUT inaccurately predicted PSA-PFS. Normal nutritional status, as determined by all three scoring systems, was found to be an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS). Following adjustments for optimistic estimates, the C-index for NRI in predicting both PSA-PFS and PFS remained the highest among the three scoring systems. The results of the DCA indicated that the C-index of all three scoring systems was higher than that of AJCC stage.ConclusionsNRI, PNI, and CONUT are convenient and clinically applicable scoring systems. A clinical malnutrition intervention may improve the prognosis of prostate cancer patients.
Dose–response relationship of serum ferritin and dietary iron intake with metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Lu , Que Ting , Zhou Yifeng , Liu Zhengtao 
Published: October 2024

AimThis study aims to assess the dose–response impact of iron load on systemic and hepatic metabolic disorders including metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsSerum ferritin (SF) and dietary iron intake were selected to represent the indicators of iron load in the general population. PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched for epidemiological studies assessing the impact of SF/dietary iron intake on MetS/NAFLD occurrence. All literature was published before September 1st, 2023 with no language restrictions.ResultsFifteen and 11 papers were collected with a focus on connections between SF and MetS/NAFLD, respectively. Eight papers focusing on dietary iron and MetS were included in the following meta-analysis. For the impact of SF on MetS, the pooled odds ratio (OR) of MetS was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.58–2.24) for the highest versus lowest SF categories. In males, the OR was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.10–1.21) per incremental increase in SF of 50 μg/L, while for females, each 50 μg/L increase in SF was associated with a 1.50-fold higher risk of MetS (95% CI: 1.15–1.94). For connections between SF and NAFLD, we found higher SF levels were observed in NAFLD patients compared to the control group [standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.71; 95% CI: 0.27–1.15], NASH patients against control group (SMD1.05; 95% CI:0.44–1.66), NASH patients against the NAFLD group (SMD 0.6; 95% CI: 0.31–1.00), each 50 μg/L increase in SF was associated with a 1.08-fold higher risk of NAFLD (95% CI: 1.07–1.10). For the impact of dietary iron on MetS, Pooled OR of MetS was 1.34 (95% CI: 1.10–1.63) for the highest versus lowest dietary iron categories.ConclusionElevated SF levels is a linear relation between the incidence of MetS/NAFLD. In addition, there is a positive association between dietary iron intake and metabolic syndrome. The association between serum ferritin and metabolic syndrome may be confounded by body mass index and C-reactive protein levels.
Case report: A case of intercostal intramuscular hemangioma with sternal invasion
Authors: Liu Dongdong , Bao Yuchen , Wang Yanzhe , Lu Xiangjun , Shen Jian , Huang Siyuan , Zhao Ming , Wang Haitao 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundIntramuscular hemangioma is a vascular malformation occurring in muscle tissues. It is most common in skeletal muscles of limbs, especially lower limbs in childhood. The intercostal intramuscular hemangioma with sternal invasion is very rare.Case presentationThe 47-year-old female patient was hospitalized due to “suddenly chest pain for 4 days”. Chest contrast-enhanced CT indicated bony changes in the sternum, accompanied by soft tissue shadows in the posterior sternum and diaphragmatic angle. After admission, physical examination showed: peristernal tenderness, percussion pain, other no obvious positive signs. PET-CT examination indicated that there was a high possibility of benign sternal changes. No cancer cells were found by sternal puncture. Surgical biopsy was performed and pathological findings were consistent with intramuscular hemangioma.ConclusionIntramuscular hemangioma with bone invasion is very rare, imaging examination is difficult to indicate obvious evidence, preoperative diagnosis is difficult, complete surgical resection is very important, more personalized treatment should be provided according to the overall situation of the patient.
High-dose chemotherapy as initial salvage chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory testicular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Briones Juan , Diaz Pamela , Nicholson Brian D. 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe role of high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in the management of patients with relapsed/refractory germ-cell tumors has not been established in prospective studies. Our aim was to estimate the benefits and harm of this treatment in men with relapsed/refractory germ-cell tumors.MethodsElectronic databases, conference proceedings, and trial registers until April 30, 2023, were searched. Randomized and non-randomized prospective controlled trials were included. Risk of bias assessments were performed using either RoB2 or ROBINS-I tools. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Time-to-event data were analyzed using the hazard ratio. The primary outcome was overall survival, and a meta-analysis was not conducted to assess it because non-randomized trials were judged to have a critical risk of bias. Categorical data were analyzed using a risk ratio. All results are presented with the corresponding 95% confidence interval.ResultsFour out of 3,824 records met the inclusion criteria, and three out of four were used to assess primary and secondary outcomes. Based on the IT94 study (N = 263 participants), single high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation may have little to no effect on overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) 0.98, 95%CI 0.68 to 1.42; p = 0.916]. Non-randomized trials (N = 43 participants) showed contrasting results, which may be explained by the number of cycles of high-dose chemotherapy administered in each study. Regarding secondary outcomes, information was only provided for event-free survival, response rate, and acute toxicities.ConclusionsBased on prospective data, there is insufficient evidence to support or refute the proposal that high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation improves survival in men with relapsed/refractory germ-cell tumors. If this treatment is considered essential, the choice should be made by experienced clinicians at high-volume cancer centers.
Neonatal encephalopathy multiorgan scoring systems: systematic review
Authors: Razif Noor Adeebah Mohamed , D’Arcy Aidan , Waicus Sarah , Agostinis Alyssa , Scheepers Rachelle , Buttle Yvonne , Pepper Aidan , Hughes Aisling , Fouda Basem , Matreja Panya , MacInnis Emily , O’Dea Mary , Isweisi Eman , Stewart Philip , Branagan Aoife , Roche Edna F. , Meehan Judith , Molloy Eleanor J. 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionNeonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a condition with multifactorial etiology that causes multiorgan injury to neonates. The severity of multiorgan dysfunction (MOD) in NE varies, with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) as the standard of care. The aim is to identify current approaches used to assess and determine an optimum scoring system for MOD in NE.MethodsThe systematic review conformed to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and CINAHL for studies of scoring systems for MOD in NE.ResultsThe search yielded 628 articles of which 12 studies were included for data extraction and analysis. Five studies found a positive correlation between the severity of NE and MOD. There was significant heterogeneity across the scoring systems, including the eligibility criteria for participants, the methods assessing specific organ systems, the length of follow-up, and adverse outcomes. The neurological, hepatic, cardiovascular, respiratory, hematological, and renal systems were included in most studies while the gastrointestinal system was only in three studies. The definitions for hepatic, renal, and respiratory systems dysfunction were most consistent while the cardiovascular system varied the most.DiscussionA NE multiorgan scoring system should ideally include the renal, hepatic, respiratory, neurological, hematological, and cardiovascular systems. Despite the heterogeneity between the studies, these provide potential candidates for the standardization of MOD scoring systems in NE. Validation is needed for the parameters with adequate length of follow-up beyond the neonatal period. Additionally, the evaluation of MOD may be affected by TH considering its multiorgan effects.
Comparative analysis of different methods for protein quantification in donated human milk
Authors: Navarro-Tapia Elisabet , Herranz Barbero Ana , Marquina Maribel , Borràs-Novell Cristina , Pleguezuelos Vanessa , Vila-Candel Rafael , García-Algar Óscar , Andreu-Fernández Vicente 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundHuman milk is the best option for feeding newborns, especially premature infants. In the absence of breast milk, milk from a human milk bank can be a suitable alternative. However, the nutritional content of human milk may be insufficient to meet these high requirements and milk fortification is needed. To facilitate the implementation of simpler and faster analyzers in neonatal healthcare facilities, this study focuses on the concordance analysis of two different analyzers, one based on mid-infrared and the other on ultrasound, in comparison to the Bradford method for determining protein concentration in human milk.MethodsMature milk samples from donor mothers were collected and pasteurized at the Human Milk Bank of Barcelona and protein quantification was performed using mid-infrared (MIRIS-HMA), ultrasound (MilkoScope Julie27), and the classical Bradford reference methods. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence interval and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the agreement between methods.ResultsThe mean protein concentration of 142 milk samples calculated using MIRIS-HMA, MilkoScope, and the Bradford assay were 1.38, 1.15, and 1.19 g/100 ml, respectively. The ICC was 0.70 for MIRIS-HMA vs. Bradford and 0.37 for MilkoScope vs. Bradford.ConclusionMIRIS-HMA obtained a better agreement with the Bradford technique and is a promising method for developing new devices based on MIR transmission spectroscopy principles. This study confirms how MIRIS-HMA can be used to accurately calculate the protein concentration of human milk.
Analysis of criteria for choosing drug treatment strategies in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Grzegorzewski Damian , Sobczak Marharyta , Tołkacz Michał , Pawliczak Rafał 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common type of rhinitis, the treatment of which relies on relieving symptoms. Therefore, we aimed to assess the criteria that influence doctors’ decision-making in the process of drug selection for the treatment of allergic rhinitis based on quantitative, qualitative, and cost analyses.MethodsWe conducted a survey study with the participation of 300 allergologists. A self-developed questionnaire was presented during a computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) according tostandard procedures. The contingency table underwent statistical analysis using the chi-square test with Cramer’s V. Results were considered statistically significant at p &lt; 0.05.ResultsOur analyses showed that doctors most often prescribe intranasal glucocorticoids and oral antihistamines to treat allergic rhinitis in patients of all ages. The most common factor that affects the decision-making related to AR treatment was the efficiency of the drug. We found a significant relationship between factors and the main workplace (X-squared = 122.81, df = 90, p-value = 0.0123, Cramer’s V = 0.1787216), as well as voivodeship of the main workplace (X-squared = 440.75, df = 270, p-value = 2.378e-10, Cramer’s V = 0.1954731). In our study, respondents claimed that patients are willing to pay 31–50 PLN (∼€7- €11) monthly for the treatment of mild and moderate forms of AR, while they were willing to pay 51–100 PLN (∼€11–€22) for treatment of the severe AR form.ConclusionOur study confirms that the management of AR should be focused on the patient. One of the most important factors in choosing a drug is its effectiveness. Moreover, an important factor in the effective treatment of AR is the financial issue; as shown in our analysis, AR treatment costs can be a significant burden, especially for less wealthy citizens in Poland.
PBPK-based translation from preclinical species to humans for the full-size IgG therapeutic efalizumab
Authors: Franz Maria , Jairam Ravi Kumar , Kuepfer Lars , Hanke Nina 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionAnimal models play a vital role in pharmaceutical research and development by supporting the planning and design of later clinical studies. To improve confidence and reliability of first in human dose estimates it is essential to assess the comparability of animal studies with the human situation. In the context of large molecules, it is particularly important to evaluate the cross-species-translatability of parameters related to neonatal fragment crystallizable receptor (FcRn) binding and target mediated drug disposition (TMDD), as they greatly influence distribution and disposition of proteins in the body of an organism.MethodsPlasma pharmacokinetic data of the therapeutic protein efalizumab were obtained from literature. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were built for three different species (rabbit, non-human primate (NHP), human). Target binding was included in the NHP and human models. The assumption of similar target turnover and target-binding in NHP and human was explored, to gain insights into how these parameters might be translated between species.ResultsEfalizumab PBPK models were successfully developed for three species and concentration-time-profiles could be described appropriately across different intravenously administered doses. The final NHP and human models feature a common set of parameters for target turnover and drug-target-complex internalization, as well as comparable target-binding parameters. Our analyses show that different parameter values for FcRn affinity are crucial to accurately describe the concentration-time profiles.DiscussionBased on the available data in rabbits, NHP and humans, parameters for FcRn affinity cannot be translated between species, but parameters related to target mediated drug disposition can be translated from NHP to human. The inclusion of additional pharmacokinetic (PK) data including different efalizumab doses would further support and confirm our findings on identifying TMDD and, thus, binding kinetics of efalizumab in NHPs. Furthermore, we suggest that information on target expression and internalization rates could make it possible to develop comprehensive human PBPK models with minimal animal testing. In this project, we compared the pharmacokinetics of a therapeutic protein in rabbit, NHP and human using an open PBPK modeling platform (Open Systems Pharmacology Suite, http://www.open-systems-pharmacology.org). Our findings could support similar translatory studies for first in human dose predictions in the future.