bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of lobuloalveolar development by FOXC1 overexpression in the mouse mammary gland
Authors: Gao Bowen , Qu Ying , Han Bingchen , Nagaoka Yoshiko , Katsumata Makoto , Deng Nan , Bose Shikha , Jin Liting , Giuliano Armando E. , Cui Xiaojiang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe forkhead box transcription factor FOXC1 plays a critical role in embryogenesis and the development of many organs. Its mutations and high expression are associated with many human diseases including breast cancer. Although FOXC1 knockout mouse studies showed that it is not required for mammary gland development during puberty, it is not clear whether its overexpression alters normal mammary development in vivo. To address this question, we generated transgenic mice with mammary-specific FOXC1 overexpression. We report that transgenic FOXC1 overexpression suppresses lobuloalveologenesis and lactation in mice. This phenotype is associated with higher percentages of estrogen receptor-, progesterone receptor-, or ki67-positive mammary epithelial cells in the transgenic mice at the lactation stage. We also show that expression of the Elf5 transcription factor, a master regulator of mammary alveologenesis and luminal cell differentiation, is markedly reduced in mammary epithelial cells of transgenic mice. Likewise, levels of activated Stat5, another inducer of alveolar expansion and a known mediator of the Elf5 effect, are also lowered in those cells. In contrast, the cytokeratin 8-positive mammary cell population with progenitor properties is elevated in the transgenic mice at the lactation stage, suggesting inhibition of mammary cell differentiation. These results may implicate FOXC1 as a new important regulator of mammary gland development.
Persistent homology index as a robust quantitative measure of immunohistochemical scoring
Authors: Takiyama Akihiro , Teramoto Takashi , Suzuki Hiroaki , Yamashiro Katsushige , Tanaka Shinya 
Published: October 2017

AbstractImmunohistochemical data (IHC) plays an important role in clinical practice, and is typically gathered in a semi-quantitative fashion that relies on some degree of visual scoring. However, visual scoring by a pathologist is inherently subjective and manifests both intra-observer and inter-observer variability. In this study, we introduce a novel computer-aided quantification methodology for immunohistochemical scoring that uses the algebraic concept of persistent homology. Using 8 bit grayscale image data derived from 90 specimens of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, stained for the replicative marker Ki-67, we computed homology classes. These were then compared to nuclear grades and the Ki-67 labeling indices obtained by visual scoring. Three metrics for IHC staining were newly defined: Persistent Homology Index (PHI), center coordinates of positive and negative groups, and the sum of squares within groups (WSS). This study demonstrates that PHI, a novel index for immunohistochemical labeling using persistent homology, can produce highly similar data to that generated by a pathologist using visual evaluation. The potential benefits associated with our novel technology include both improved quantification and reproducibility. Since our method reflects cellularity and nuclear atypia, it carries a greater quantity of biologic data compared to conventional evaluation using Ki-67.
Vacancy-induced brittle to ductile transition of W-M co-doped Al3Ti (M=Si, Ge, Sn and Pb)
Authors: Zhu Mingke , Wu Ping , Li Qiulin , Xu Ben 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe investigated the effect of vacancy formation on brittle (D022) to ductile (L12-like) transition in Al3Ti using DFT calculations. The well-known pseudogap on the density of states of Al3Ti migrates towards its Fermi level from far above, via a W − M co-doping strategy, where M is Si, Ge, Sn or Pb respectively. In particular, by a W − M co-doping the underline electronic structure of the pseudogap approaches an octahedral (L12: t2g, eg) from the tetragonal (D022: eg, b2g, a1g, b1g) crystal field. Our calculations demonstrated that (1) a W-doping is responsible for the close up of the energy gap between a1g and b1g so that they tend to merge into an eg symmetry, and (2) all M-doping lead to a narrower gap between eg and b2g (moving towards a t2g symmetry). Thus, a brittle to ductile transition in Al3Ti is possible by adopting this W − M co-doping strategy. We further recommend the use of W-Pb co-doped Al3Ti to replace the less anodic Al electrode in Al-battery, due to its improved ductility and high Al diffusivity. Finally this study opens a new field in physics to tailor mechanical properties by manipulating electron energy level(s) towards higher symmetry via vacancy optimization.
Mycobacterium smegmatis PafBC is involved in regulation of DNA damage response
Authors: Fudrini Olivencia Begonia , Müller Andreas U. , Roschitzki Bernd , Burger Sibylle , Weber-Ban Eilika , Imkamp Frank 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTwo genes, pafB and pafC, are organized in an operon with the Pup-ligase gene pafA, which is part of the Pup-proteasome system (PPS) present in mycobacteria and other actinobacteria. The PPS is crucial for Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance towards reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI). However, pafB and pafC apparently play only a minor role in RNI resistance. To characterize their function, we generated a pafBC deletion in Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msm). Proteome analysis of the mutant strain revealed decreased cellular levels of various proteins involved in DNA damage repair, including recombinase A (RecA). In agreement with this finding, Msm ΔpafBC displayed increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. In mycobacteria two pathways regulate DNA repair genes: the LexA/RecA-dependent SOS response and a predominant pathway that controls gene expression via a LexA/RecA-independent promoter, termed P1. PafB and PafC feature winged helix-turn-helix DNA binding motifs and we demonstrate that together they form a stable heterodimer in vitro, implying a function as a heterodimeric transcriptional regulator. Indeed, P1-driven transcription of recA was decreased in Msm ΔpafBC under standard conditions and induction of recA expression upon DNA damage was strongly impaired. Taken together, our data indicate an important regulatory function of PafBC in the mycobacterial DNA damage response.
Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease is associated with inherent changes in bioenergetics profiles
Authors: Sonntag Kai-C. , Ryu Woo-In , Amirault Kristopher M. , Healy Ryan A. , Siegel Arthur J. , McPhie Donna L. , Forester Brent , Cohen Bruce M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBody-wide changes in bioenergetics, i.e., energy metabolism, occur in normal aging and disturbed bioenergetics may be an important contributing mechanism underlying late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). We investigated the bioenergetic profiles of fibroblasts from LOAD patients and healthy controls, as a function of age and disease. LOAD cells exhibited an impaired mitochondrial metabolic potential and an abnormal redox potential, associated with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and altered citric acid cycle activity, but not with disease-specific changes in mitochondrial mass, production of reactive oxygen species, transmembrane instability, or DNA deletions. LOAD fibroblasts demonstrated a shift in energy production to glycolysis, despite an inability to increase glucose uptake in response to IGF-1. The increase of glycolysis and the abnormal mitochondrial metabolic potential in LOAD appeared to be inherent, as they were disease- and not age-specific. Our findings support the hypothesis that impairment in multiple interacting components of bioenergetic metabolism may be a key mechanism contributing to the risk and pathophysiology of LOAD.
Strain induced polarization chaos in a solitary VCSEL
Authors: Raddo T. R. , Panajotov K. , Borges B.-H. V. , Virte M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPhysical curiosity at the beginning, optical chaos is now attracting increasing interest in various technological areas such as detection and ranging or secure communications, to name but a few. However, the complexity of optical chaos generators still significantly hinders their development. In this context, the generation of chaotic polarization fluctuations in a single laser diode has proven to be a significant step forward, despite being observed solely for quantum-dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Here, we demonstrate experimentally that a similar polarization dynamics can be consistently obtained in quantum-well VCSELs. Indeed, by introducing anisotropic strain in the laser cavity, we successfully triggered the desired chaotic dynamics. The simplicity of the proposed approach, based on low-cost and easily available components including off-the-shelf VCSELs, paves the way to the wide spread use of solitary VCSELs for chaos-based applications.
Tropical protected areas reduced deforestation carbon emissions by one third from 2000–2012
Authors: Bebber Daniel P. , Butt Nathalie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTropical deforestation is responsible for around one tenth of total anthropogenic carbon emissions, and tropical protected areas (PAs) that reduce deforestation can therefore play an important role in mitigating climate change and protecting biodiversity and ecosystem services. While the effectiveness of PAs in reducing deforestation has been estimated, the impact on global carbon emissions remains unquantified. Here we show that tropical PAs overall reduced deforestation carbon emissions by 4.88 Pg, or around 29%, between 2000 and 2012, when compared to expected rates of deforestation controlling for spatial variation in deforestation pressure. The largest contribution was from the tropical Americas (368.8 TgC y−1), followed by Asia (25.0 TgC y−1) and Africa (12.7 TgC y−1). Variation in PA effectiveness is largely driven by local factors affecting individual PAs, rather than designations assigned by governments.
Myocardial changes in incident haemodialysis patients over 6-months: an observational cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Rutherford Elaine , Mangion Kenneth , McComb Christie , Bell Elizabeth , Cockburn Samantha , Talle Mohammed , Roditi Giles , Welsh Paul , Woodward Rosemary , Radjenovic Aleksandra , Struthers Allan D. , Jardine Alan G. , Berry Colin , Patel Rajan K. , Mark Patrick B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPatients commencing on haemodialysis (HD) have an increased risk of cardiovascular events in the first year after starting HD compared to those patients established on HD longer. Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and abnormal myocardial strain predict mortality. There may be changes in the myocardium of incident HD patients over a 6-month period of HD which may explain changes in cardiovascular risk. We used CMR to consider changes in LV mass, myocardial strain and T1 mapping. We examined changes in pre-dialysis highly sensitive troponin T. 33 patients undergoing HD for <12 months were recruited. Participants underwent CMR at baseline and after 6-months of standard care. 6-months of HD was associated with reduction in LV mass index (Baseline: 78.8 g/m2 follow up: 69.9 g/m2, p = <0.001). LV global longitudinal strain also improved (Baseline: −17.9%, follow up: −21.6%, p = <0.001). Change in T1 time was not significant (Baseline septal T1 1277.4 ms, follow up 1271.5 p = 0.504). Highly sensitive troponin T was lower at follow up (Baseline 38.8 pg/L, follow up 30.8 pg/L p = 0.02). In incident HD patients, 6-months of HD was associated with improvements in LV mass, strain and troponin. These findings may reflect improvement in known cardiac tissue abnormalities found in patients over the first year of HD.
Mitochondrial-nuclear crosstalk, haplotype and copy number variation distinct in muscle fiber type, mitochondrial respiratory and metabolic enzyme activities
Authors: Liu Xuan , Trakooljul Nares , Hadlich Frieder , Murani Eduard , Wimmers Klaus , Ponsuksili Siriluck 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGenes expressed in mitochondria work in concert with those expressed in the nucleus to mediate oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), a process that is relevant for muscle metabolism and meat quality. Mitochondrial genome activity can be efficiently studied and compared in Duroc and Pietrain pigs, which harbor different mitochondrial haplotypes and distinct muscle fiber types, mitochondrial respiratory activities, and fat content. Pietrain pigs homozygous-positive for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (PiPP) carried only haplotype 8 and showed the lowest absolute mtDNA copy number accompanied by a decrease transcript abundance of mitochondrial-encoded subunits ND1, ND6, and ATP6 and nuclear-encoded subunits NDUFA11 and NDUFB8. In contrast, we found that haplotype 4 of Duroc pigs had significantly higher mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers and an increase transcript abundance of mitochondrial-encoded subunits ND1, ND6, and ATP6. These results suggest that the variation in mitochondrial and nuclear genetic background among these animals has an effect on mitochondrial content and OXPHOS system subunit expression. We observed the co-expression pattern of mitochondrial and nuclear encoded OXPHOS subunits suggesting that the mitochondrial-nuclear crosstalk functionally involves in muscle metabolism. The findings provide valuable information for understanding muscle biology processes and energy metabolism, and may direct use for breeding strategies to improve meat quality and animal health.
Poly (ionic liquid)-Based Breath Figure Films: A New Kind of Honeycomb Porous Films with Great Extendable Capability
Authors: Wu Baozhen , Zhang Wanlin , Gao Ning , Zhou Meimei , Liang Yun , Wang Ying , Li Fengting , Li Guangtao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this work, we reported a new method for the convenient fabrication of various functional porous films, which cannot be directly generated using breath figures (BFs). A series of polystyrene-b-poly (ionic liquid) (PS-b-PIL) block copolymers were employed for BFs process for the first time. It was found that PS-b-PIL could form well-defined BFs porous structure. Remarkably, the described PS-b-PIL copolymers are prone to form hierarchical structure, and the formed pore structure is strongly dependent on the used experimental parameters. Importantly, we found that the anion exchange could provide as an effective means, by which the porous films could be further and facilely converted into other functional films. As a demonstration, in our case, porous films with different surface (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) property, porous polydopamine films decorated with Au nanoparticles or glutathione and porous SiO2 films were prepared by using different counteranions as well as further conversion. Due to the unlimited combination of cation and anion in ionic liquid moiety, all the results indicate that the BFs films generated by using PS-PIL could serve as a platform to access various functional porous films by a simple counteranion exchange, showing a great extendable capability.
Synthesis of tunable porosity of fluorine-enriched porous organic polymer materials with excellent CO2, CH4 and iodine adsorption
Authors: Li Guoyan , Yao Chan , Wang Jiku , Xu Yanhong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe herein report the construction of four the novel fluorine-enriched conjugated microporous polymers (FCMP-600@1-4), which have permanent porous structures and plenty of fluorine atoms in the skeletons as effective sorption sites. Among them, FCMP-600@4 shows considerable adsorption capacity of CO2 of 5.35 mmol g−1 at 273 K, and 4.18 mmol g−1 at 298 K, which is higher than the reported values for most porous polymers. In addition, FCMP-600@1-4 display high selectivity of CO2/N2 and high CH4 uptakes.
Do Older Listeners With Hearing Loss Benefit From Dynamic Pitch for Speech Recognition in Noise?
Authors: Shen Jing , Souza Pamela E. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeDynamic pitch, the variation in the fundamental frequency of speech, aids older listeners' speech perception in noise. It is unclear, however, whether some older listeners with hearing loss benefit from strengthened dynamic pitch cues for recognizing speech in certain noise scenarios and how this relative benefit may be associated with individual factors. We first examined older individuals' relative benefit between natural and strong dynamic pitches for better speech recognition in noise. Further, we reported the individual factors of the 2 groups of listeners who benefit differently from natural and strong dynamic pitches.MethodSpeech reception thresholds of 13 older listeners with mild–moderate hearing loss were measured using target speech with 3 levels of dynamic pitch strength. Individuals' ability to benefit from dynamic pitch was defined as the speech reception threshold difference between speeches with and without dynamic pitch cues.ResultsThe relative benefit of natural versus strong dynamic pitch varied across individuals. However, this relative benefit remained consistent for the same individuals across those background noises with temporal modulation. Those listeners who benefited more from strong dynamic pitch reported better subjective speech perception abilities.ConclusionStrong dynamic pitch may be more beneficial than natural dynamic pitch for some older listeners to recognize speech better in noise, particularly when the noise has temporal modulation.
Consonant Age-of-Acquisition Effects in Nonword Repetition Are Not Articulatory in Nature
Authors: Moore Michelle W. , Fiez Julie A. , Tompkins Connie A. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Most research examining long-term-memory effects on nonword repetition (NWR) has focused on lexical-level variables. Phoneme-level variables have received little attention, although there are reasons to expect significant sublexical effects in NWR. To further understand the underlying processes of NWR, this study examined effects of sublexical long-term phonological knowledge by testing whether performance differs when the stimuli comprise consonants acquired later versus earlier in speech development.

Method
Thirty (Experiment 1) and 20 (Experiment 2) college students completed tasks that investigated whether an experimental phoneme-level variable (consonant age of acquisition) similarly affects NWR and lexical-access tasks designed to vary in articulatory, auditory-perceptual, and phonological short-term-memory demands. The lexical-access tasks were performed in silence or with concurrent articulation to explore whether consonant age-of-acquisition effects arise before or after articulatory planning.

Results
NWR accuracy decreased on items comprising later- versus earlier-acquired phonemes. Similar consonant age-of-acquisition effects were observed in accuracy measures of nonword reading and lexical decision performed in silence or with concurrent articulation.

Conclusion
Results indicate that NWR performance is sensitive to phoneme-level phonological knowledge in long-term memory. NWR, accordingly, should not be regarded as a diagnostic tool for pure impairment of phonological short-term memory.

Supplemental Materials

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5435137
Selective Synthesis of 2- and 7-Substituted Indole Derivatives via Chelation-Assisted Metallocarbenoid C–H Bond Functionalization
Authors: Osipov Sergey , Vorobyeva Daria 
Published: October 2017

Functionally substituted indole derivatives are important intermediates for the synthesis of new potential drug candidates exhibiting strong bioactivities. Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in the direct C–H functionalization of the indole ring through the usage of metal-catalyzed intermolecular cross-coupling with diazo compounds. Directing group strategy provides a unique possibility for selective insertion of carbenes catalytically generated from diazo compounds into challenging indole C2–H and C7–H bonds. This short review summarizes recent advances in carbenoid functionalization of indole derivatives under chelation-controlled metal catalysis.1	Introduction2	Indole C2 Alkylation with α-Diazotized Meldrum’s Acid3	Indole C2 Alkylation with Diazomalonate Derivatives and Related Compounds4	Indole C7 Alkylation with Diazomalonates and Related Compounds5	Tandem Indole C2–H Alkylation/Cyclization6	Indoline C7 Alkylation with Diazomalonates and Related Compounds7	Tandem Indoline C7–H Alkylation/Cyclization8	Conclusion
NSAR, Coxibe und Steroide: Wann und wie sollten Magen und Darm geschützt werden?
Authors: Gross Manfred 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungNicht-steroidale Antirheumatika (NSAR) haben ein hohes Risiko für gastrointestinale Komplikationen wie Ulzera, Ulkusblutungen oder Perforationen. Zudem verspüren 25-30% der Patienten Oberbauchbeschwerden (Dyspepsie). Die PPI-Komedikation zu einem NSAR kann die Rate an Ulzera, Blutungen und sonstigen Komplikationen sowie die Dyspepsierate senken. Ein anderer Ansatz zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit der Therapie ist die Verschreibung eines Cox-2-spezifischen NSAR (Coxib). Unter Coxiben treten seltener gastrointestinale Komplikationen einer NSAR-Therapie auf.Die beiden präventiven Strategien, PPI-Komedikation zu einem nichtselektiven NSAR (nsNSAR) oder der Einsatz eines Coxibs, sind etwa gleich effektiv in der Verhinderung von symptomatischen Ulzera oder Ulkuskomplikationen (Blutung, Perforation). Coxibe verursachen seltener eine Anämie als die Kombination nsNSASR plus PPI. Die Kombination hingegen verursacht seltener dyspeptische Beschwerden als Coxib. Die Leitlinien empfehlen die PPI-Komedikation oder die Verschreibung eines Coxibs bei Patienten mit einem erhöhten gastrointestinalen Risiko. Hierzu gehören alle Patienten ab dem 65. Lebensjahr, Patienten mit einer Ulkusanamnese, Helicobacter pylori-Infektion, schweren Allgemeinerkrankung oder bei Komedikation mit Glucocorticoiden, gerinnungsaktiven Substanzen (Antikoagulation oder Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer) oder selektiven Serotonin-Reuptake-Inhibitoren (SSRI). Bei sehr hohem Risiko (Zusammentreffen mehrerer der genannten Risikofaktoren) ist die Kombination aus Coxib und PPI-Komedikation zu empfehlen.Eine erfolgreiche Helicobacter-Eradikationstherapie senkt signifikant das Ulkusrisiko unter NSAR. Die aktuelle Leitlinie der deutschen gastroenterologischen Fachgesellschaft empfiehlt eine Helicobacter-Diagnostik und gegebenenfalls Therapie vor einer NSAR-Therapie bei allen Patienten mit Ulkusanamnese. Bei einem Ulkus oder Blutung unter NSAR soll ebenfalls eine Helicobacter-Diagnostik und gegebenenfalls eine Therapie erfolgen. Steroide als Monotherapie stellen nur ein geringes Ulkusrisiko dar, eine PPI-Prophylaxe wird nicht generell empfohlen. In der Kombination mit ASS oder NSAR steigt das Ulkusrisiko jedoch stark an und es sollte eine Ulkusprophylaxe durch PPI-Komedikation erfolgen.
Klangschalenbehandlung bei Chemotherapie-induzierter peripherer Polyneuropathie
Authors: Friesecke Iris , Walter Jana-Christin , Rostock Matthias 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungTumorpatienten, die zur Entspannungsförderung mit einer Klangschalenbehandlung therapiert worden waren, hatten wiederholt über eine Besserung
ihrer Beschwerden durch eine Chemotherapie induzierte periphere Polyneuropathie (CIPN) berichtet. Vor diesem Hintergrund führten wir eine
unkontrollierte prospektive Beobachtungsstudie mit Patienten durch, die unter einer CIPN litten. Diese erhielten einmalig eine
Klangschalenbehandlung. Sämtliche Patienten beschrieben eine subjektive Besserung ihrer Beschwerden, bei 10 von 20 Patienten für bis zu 3
Tage anhaltend. Diese vielversprechenden Ergebnisse sollten in einem Folgeprojekt, möglichst in Form einer randomisierten kontrollierten
Studie mit längerfristiger Therapiephase weiter überprüft werden.