bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ngā Nekehanga o te Whakahua i te Reo Māori i roto i te Rautau kua Hipa nei
Authors: Keegan Peter , King Jeanette , Harlow Ray , Maclagan Margaret , Watson Catherine 
Published: February 2017

Māori and English have been in increasing contact within New Zealand for over 200 years. The impact of each language on the other in vocabulary, which has been borrowed in both directions, is clear. More subtle is the mutual influence in the area of pronunciation. The MAONZE project has been investigating changes in the pronunciation of Māori and of the English of speakers of Māori, using recordings of seven kaumātua born in the 19th century who were interviewed by the Mobile Unit of Radio New Zealand in the 1940s (referred to in the text as the TK group), of ten kaumātua alive today (K), and of ten younger speakers (T). This paper describes our methodology and reports the results of the investigation of the long and short vowels of Māori as well as of some diphthongs. These were all studied acoustically, that is to say, using computers to analyse the sound waves characteristic of each sound. For each vowel and diphthong, and for each speaker, we attempted to analyse thirty examples, though some sounds are relatively rare, such as /ī/ and /ao/, so that this target could not always be achieved. The analysis did indeed find that there had been shifts in the pronunciation of these sounds over the three generations of speakers in the study. Except for the distinction between /a/ and /ā/, the length and qualitative difference between the historical long and short vowels is decreasing. Most striking is the shift in /u/ and /ū/ to a much more forward position in the mouth, a change which parallels movement in English. The five diphthongs studied were /au, ou, ao, ai, ae/, all of which are clearly distinct in the speech of the TK and K groups, but which are tending to merge to three in the younger group, who no longer distinguish tae and tai or hau and hou so clearly. Within the T group, we distinguished between those who had been speaking Māori since birth (R1), and those who had acquired good Māori at school or later (R2). It turned out that in all the changes taking place, the R2-T group is leading the way, and is thus probably the direction the language will take into the future, particularly as the majority of younger speakers of Māori these days belong to this category.
IL-4/CXCL12 loop is a key regulator of lymphoid stroma function in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Pandey Shubham , Mourcin Frédéric , Marchand Tony , Nayar Saba , Guirriec Marion , Pangault Céline , Monvoisin Céline , Amé-Thomas Patricia , Guilloton Fabien , Dulong Joelle , Coles Mark , Fest Thierry , Mottok Anja , Barone Francesca , Tarte Karin 
Published: February 2017

Key Points
FL-infiltrating stromal cells overexpress CXCL12, which triggers FL B-cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Polarization into CXCL12hi stroma involves IL-4+ TFH cells, unlike malignant B cells, revealing an indirect protumoral activity of FL-TFH cells.
Quantification and three-dimensional microanatomical organization of the bone marrow
Authors: Nombela-Arrieta Cesar , Manz Markus G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBone marrow (BM) constitutes one of the largest organs in mice and humans, continuously generating, in a highly regulated manner, red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells that together form the majority of cells of the body. In this review, we provide a quantitative overview of BM cellular composition, we summarize emerging knowledge on its structural organization and cellular niches, and we argue for the need of multidimensional approaches such as recently developed imaging techniques to uncover the complex spatial logic that underlies BM function in health and disease.
What patients with pulmonary fibrosis and their partners think: a live, educative survey in the Netherlands and Germany
Authors: van Manen Mirjam J.G. , Kreuter Michael , van den Blink Bernt , Oltmanns Ute , Palmowski Karin , Brunnemer Eva , Hummler Simone , Tak Nelleke C. , van den Toorn Leon , Miedema Jelle , Hoogsteden Henk C. , Wijsenbeek Marlies S. 
Published: February 2017

Pulmonary fibrosis greatly impacts patients and their partners. Unmet needs of patients are increasingly acknowledged; the needs of partners often remain unnoticed. Little is known about the best way to educate patients and partners. We investigated pulmonary fibrosis patients' and partners' perspectives and preferences in care, and the differences in these between the Netherlands and Germany. Additionally, we evaluated whether interactive interviewing could be a novel education method in this population.Patients and partners were interviewed during pulmonary fibrosis patient information meetings. In the Netherlands, voting boxes were used and results were projected directly. In Germany, questionnaires were used.In the Netherlands, 278 patients and partners participated; in Germany, 51. Many participants experienced anxiety. Almost all experienced misunderstanding, because people do not know what pulmonary fibrosis is. All expressed a need for information, psychological support and care for partners. Use of the interactive voting system was found to be pleasant (70%) and informative (94%).This study improves the knowledge of care needs of patients with pulmonary fibrosis and their partners. There were no major differences between the Netherlands and Germany. Interactive interviewing could be an attractive method to acquire insights into the needs and preferences of patients and partners, while providing them with information at the same time.
The microtubule plus-end-tracking protein TACC3 promotes persistent axon outgrowth and mediates responses to axon guidance signals during development
Authors: Erdogan Burcu , Cammarata Garrett M. , Lee Eric J. , Pratt Benjamin C. , Francl Andrew F. , Rutherford Erin L. , Lowery Laura Anne 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Formation of precise neuronal connections requires proper axon guidance. Microtubules (MTs) of the growth cone provide a critical driving force during navigation of the growing ends of axons. Pioneer MTs and their plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) are thought to play integrative roles during this navigation. TACC3 is a + TIP that we have previously implicated in regulating MT dynamics within axons. However, the role of TACC3 in axon guidance has not been previously explored.

Results
Here, we show that TACC3 is required to promote persistent axon outgrowth and prevent spontaneous axon retractions in embryonic Xenopus laevis neurons. We also show that overexpressing TACC3 can counteract the depolymerizing effect of low doses of nocodazole, and that TACC3 interacts with MT polymerase XMAP215 to promote axon outgrowth. Moreover, we demonstrate that manipulation of TACC3 levels interferes with the growth cone response to the axon guidance cue Slit2 ex vivo, and that ablation of TACC3 causes pathfinding defects in axons of developing spinal neurons in vivo.

Conclusion
Together, our results suggest that by mediating MT dynamics, the + TIP TACC3 is involved in axon outgrowth and pathfinding decisions of neurons during embryonic development.
Bayesian Baskets: A Novel Design for Biomarker-Based Clinical Trials
Authors: Trippa Lorenzo , Alexander Brian Michael 
Published: February 2017

Purpose Biomarker-based clinical trials provide efficiencies during therapeutic development and form the foundation for precision medicine. These trials must generate information on both experimental therapeutics and putative predictive biomarkers in the context of varying pretrial information. We generated an efficient, flexible design that accommodates various pretrial levels of evidence supporting the predictive capacity of biomarkers while making pretrial design choices explicit. Methods We generated a randomization procedure that explicitly incorporates pretrial estimates of the predictive capacity of biomarkers. To compare the utility of this Bayesian basket (BB) design with that of a balanced randomized, biomarker agnostic (BA) design and a traditional basket (TB) design that includes only biomarker-positive patients, we iteratively simulated hypothetical multiarm clinical trials under various scenarios. Results BB was more efficient than BA while generating more information on the predictive capacity of putative biomarkers than both BA and TB. For simulations of hypothetical multiarm trials of experimental therapies and associated biomarkers of varying incident frequency, BB increased power over BA in cases when the biomarker was predictive and when the experimental therapeutic worked in all patients in a variety of scenarios. BB also generated more information about the predictive capacity of biomarkers than BA and categorically relative to TB, which generates no new biomarker information. Conclusion The BB design offers an efficient way to generate information on both experimental therapeutics and the predictive capacity of putative biomarkers. The design is flexible enough to accommodate varying levels of pretrial biomarker confidence within the same platform structure and makes clinical trial design decisions more explicit.
Impact of Viral Status on Survival in Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Advanced Hepatocellular Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Phase III Trials
Authors: Jackson Richard , Psarelli Eftychia-Eirini , Berhane Sarah , Khan Harun , Johnson Philip 
Published: February 2017

Purpose Following the Sorafenib Hepatocellular Carcinoma Assessment Randomized Protocol (SHARP) trial, sorafenib has become the standard of care for patients with advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, but the relation between survival advantage and disease etiology remains unclear. To address this, we undertook an individual patient data meta-analysis of three large prospective randomized trials in which sorafenib was the control arm. Methods Of a total of 3,256 patients, 1,643 (50%) who received sorafenib were available. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). A Bayesian hierarchical approach for individual patient data meta-analyses was applied using a piecewise exponential model. Results are presented in terms of hazard ratios comparing sorafenib with alternative therapies according to hepatitis C virus (HCV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) status. Results Hazard ratios show improved OS for sorafenib in patients who are both HBV negative and HCV positive (log [hazard ratio], −0.27; 95% CI, −0.46 to −0.06). Median unadjusted survival is 12.6 (11.15 to 13.8) months for sorafenib and 10.2 (8.88 to 12.2) months for “other” treatments in this subgroup. There was no evidence of improvement in OS for any other patient subgroups defined by HBV and HCV. Results were consistent across all trials with heterogeneity assessed using Cochran’s Q statistic. Conclusion There is consistent evidence that the effect of sorafenib on OS is dependent on patients’ hepatitis status. There is an improved OS for patients negative for HBV and positive for HCV when treated with sorafenib. There was no evidence of any improvement in OS attributable to sorafenib for patients positive for HBV and negative for HCV.
The effect of foot posture on capacity to apply free moments to the ground: implications for fighting performance in great apes
Authors: Carrier David R. , Cunningham Christopher 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIn contrast to most other primates, great apes have feet in which the heel supports body weight during standing, walking and running. One possible advantage of this plantigrade foot posture is that it may enhance fighting performance by increasing the ability to apply free moments (i.e. force couples) to the ground. We tested this possibility by measuring performance of human subjects when performing from plantigrade and digitigrade (standing on the ball of the foot and toes) postures. We found that plantigrade posture substantially increased the capacity to apply free moments to the ground and to perform a variety of behaviors that are likely to be important to fighting performance in great apes. As predicted, performance in maximal effort lateral striking and pushing was strongly correlated with free moment magnitude. All else being equal, these results suggest species that can adopt plantigrade posture will be able to apply larger free moments to the ground than species restricted to digitigrade or unguligrade foot posture. Additionally, these results are consistent with the suggestion that selection for physical competition may have been one of the factors that led to the evolution of the derived plantigrade foot posture of great apes.
Cancer cell behaviors mediated by dysregulated pH dynamics at a glance
Authors: White Katharine A. , Grillo-Hill Bree K. , Barber Diane L. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Dysregulated pH is a common characteristic of cancer cells, as they have an increased intracellular pH (pHi) and a decreased extracellular pH (pHe) compared with normal cells. Recent work has expanded our knowledge of how dysregulated pH dynamics influences cancer cell behaviors, including proliferation, metastasis, metabolic adaptation and tumorigenesis. Emerging data suggest that the dysregulated pH of cancers enables these specific cell behaviors by altering the structure and function of selective pH-sensitive proteins, termed pH sensors. Recent findings also show that, by blocking pHi increases, cancer cell behaviors can be attenuated. This suggests ion transporter inhibition as an effective therapeutic approach, either singly or in combination with targeted therapies. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we highlight the interconnected roles of dysregulated pH dynamics in cancer initiation, progression and adaptation.
Tension regulates myosin dynamics during Drosophila embryonic wound repair
Authors: Kobb Anna B. , Zulueta-Coarasa Teresa , Fernandez-Gonzalez Rodrigo 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Embryos repair epithelial wounds rapidly in a process driven by collective cell movements. Upon wounding, actin and the molecular motor non-muscle myosin II are redistributed in the cells adjacent to the wound, forming a supracellular purse string around the lesion. Purse string contraction coordinates cell movements and drives rapid wound closure. By using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in Drosophila embryos, we found that myosin turns over as the purse string contracts. Myosin turnover at the purse string was slower than in other actomyosin networks that had a lower level of contractility. Mathematical modelling suggested that myosin assembly and disassembly rates were both reduced by tension at the wound edge. We used laser ablation to show that tension at the purse string increased as wound closure progressed, and that the increase in tension was associated with reduced myosin turnover. Reducing purse string tension by laser-mediated severing resulted in increased turnover and loss of myosin. Finally, myosin motor activity was necessary for its stabilization around the wound and for rapid wound closure. Our results indicate that mechanical forces regulate myosin dynamics during embryonic wound repair.
Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) use adaptable transportation networks to track changes in resource quality
Authors: Latty Tanya , Holmes Michael J. , Makinson James C. , Beekman Madeleine 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Transportation networks play a crucial role in human and animal societies. For a transportation network to be efficient, it must have adequate capacity to meet traffic demand. Network design becomes increasingly difficult in situations where traffic demand can change unexpectedly. In humans, network design is often constrained by path dependency because it is difficult to move a road once it is built. A similar issue theoretically faces pheromone-trail-laying social insects; once a trail has been laid, positive feedback makes re-routing difficult because new trails cannot compete with continually reinforced pre-existing trails. In the present study, we examined the response of Argentine ant colonies and their trail networks to variable environments where resources differ in quality and change unexpectedly. We found that Argentine ant colonies effectively tracked changes in food quality such that colonies allocated the highest proportion of foragers to the most rewarding feeder. Ant colonies maximised access to high concentration feeders by building additional trails and routes connecting the nest to the feeder. Trail networks appeared to form via a pruning process in which lower traffic trails were gradually removed from the network. At the same time, we observed several instances where new trails appear to have been built to accommodate a surge in demand. The combination of trail building when traffic demand is high and trail pruning when traffic demand is low results in a demand-driven network formation system that allows ants to monopolise multiple dynamic resources.
Living in flowing water increases resistance to ultraviolet B radiation
Authors: Ghanizadeh-Kazerouni Ensiyeh , Franklin Craig E. , Seebacher Frank 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B) is an important environmental driver that can affect locomotor performance negatively by inducing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Prolonged regular exercise increases antioxidant activities, which may alleviate the negative effects of UV-B-induced ROS. Animals naturally performing exercise, such as humans performing regular exercise or fish living in flowing water, may therefore be more resilient to the negative effects of UV-B. We tested this hypothesis in a fully factorial experiment, where we exposed mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) to UV-B and control (no UV-B) conditions in flowing and still water. We show that fish exposed to UV-B and kept in flowing water had increased sustained swimming performance (Ucrit), increased antioxidant defences (catalase activity and glutathione concentrations) and reduced cellular damage (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl concentrations) compared with fish in still water. There was no effect of UV-B or water flow on resting or maximal rates of oxygen consumption. Our results show that environmental water flow can alleviate the negative effects of UV-B-induced ROS by increasing defence mechanisms. The resultant reduction in ROS-induced damage may contribute to maintain locomotor performance. Hence, the benefits of regular exercise are ‘transferred’ to improve resilience to the negative impacts of UV-B. Ecologically, the mechanistic link between responses to different habitat characteristics can determine the success of animals. These dynamics have important ecological connotations when river or stream flow changes as a result of weather patterns, climate or human modifications.
Two-Stage Crystallization of Meso- and Macroporous MFI and MEL Zeolites Using Tributylamine-Derived Diquaternary Ammonium Cations as Organic Structure-Directing Agents
Authors: Keoh Sye Hoe , Chaikittisilp Watcharop , Endo Akira , Shimojima Atsushi , Okubo Tatsuya 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Meso- and/or macroporous zeolites have received particular attention because the presence of secondary meso- and/or macropores, in addition to the intrinsic micropores of zeolites, can provide additional cavities at a nanometer-length scale and shorten molecular diffusion path lengths. Here, synthesis of meso- and macroporous MFI and MEL aluminosilicate zeolites via a two-stage crystallization method using diquaternary ammonium cations (N,N,N,N′,N′,N′-hexabutylheptanediammonium, Bu6-diquat-7) as an organic structure-directing agent (OSDA) is described. In this two-stage process, both low- and high-temperature stages were found to be crucial for the formation of zeolites. By carefully varying the amount of sodium hydroxide in the reactants, both MFI and MEL zeolites can be obtained with the same OSDA. It was revealed that Bu6-diquat-7 was more selective to the formation of MFI and MEL zeolites than its monoquaternary counterpart (i.e., tetrabutylammonium) under the present synthesis conditions. Interestingly, the synthesis time of the first (low temperature) stage highly influenced the particle sizes of the resulting zeolites; zeolites with smaller sizes were obtained when the synthesis time was prolonged. Gas physisorption analyses and scanning transmission electron microscopy observation suggested that the obtained zeolites possessed ink-bottle-like pores consisting of meso- and macroporous internal cavities with very narrow pore necks.
Improvement of the System of Ensuring Financial Security of Commercial Banks
Authors: Белянчикова  , Belyanchikova T. , Наточеева  , Natocheeva N. , Тер-Карапетов  , Ter-Karapetov R. 
Published: February 2017

In the article the questions of ensuring the financial security of a commercial bank subject to its developed indicators at domestic, national and international levels and of minor, significant and destructive threats are investigated. The limits of the indicators are proposed as well as the calculation of the total and the aggregated indexes of threats, the identification of financial losses and
determination of efficiency ensure of the financial security of the bank, taking into account the precautionary and operational activities.
Unser täglich Wort gib uns heute. Ein Plädoyer für die kleine Form
Authors: Schult Maike 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag skizziert anlässlich des Reformationsjubiläums das historisch gewachsene und gegenwärtige Setting homiletischer Kleinformate, das nicht nur ihre Inhalte, sondern auch die Formensprache bestimmt. Er zeigt, wie die Kirchen in Deutschland von öffentlich-rechtlichen Verträgen profitieren, um in den Leitmedien präsent zu sein, und plädiert für eine stärkere Einbindung der kleinen Form in die homiletische Ausbildung.
Das Fragment kultivieren. Interdisziplinäre Anregungen für eine Homiletik der Kurzen Form
Authors: Rinn Angela 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Homiletik hat die besondere Herausforderung der Kurzen Form der Predigt kaum bearbei­tet. Dabei erfordert sie eine gesonderte homiletische Auseinandersetzung. Der Beitrag nimmt biblische, literaturwissenschaftliche und neurowissenschaftliche Forschungsergebnisse auf. Es zeigt sich, dass die Kurze Form das Fragment als Chance kultivieren kann. Das besondere Augenmerk liegt dabei auf der Kurzen Form, die essayistisch gestaltet wird.
Religiöse Kommunikation bei Gelegenheit. Überlegungen zur Alltagshomiletik
Authors: Weyel Birgit 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach religiöser Kommunikation im Alltag nach und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass diese von der Andacht ebenso wie von der Predigt als liturgische Formen zwar zu unterscheiden ist. Die Sichtbarmachung kommunikativer Netzwerke im Alltag weitet allerdings den Blick für eine Theorie religiöser Kommunikation, die sich nur auf Formen in-stitutioneller Rede wie Predigt und Andacht beschränkt. Im Sinne einer weiter zu fassenden Alltagshomiletik bietet die Wahrnehmung alltäglicher Rede über Religion Anregungspotenzial. Dies wird an den Merkmalen Einbettung, Relationalität und Ambiguität beispielhaft skizziert.