bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of the moral failure of a foreign brand on competing brands
Authors: Maher Amro A. , Singhapakdi Anusorn 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the moral failure of a scandalized foreign brand afflicted with a product-harm crisis on competing brands (i.e. within the same product category) while taking into account the country of origin (COO) of the brands.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents the results of two studies. The first study uses an experimental design, while the second uses a survey to examine a real-life product-harm crisis.

Findings
The results indicate that the moral failure of a scandalized foreign brand has an indirect negative effect on the intention to purchase competing foreign brands from the COO of the scandalized foreign brand. This effect is, however, reversed for domestic brands, where moral failure has an indirect positive effect on the intention to purchase competing domestic brands.

Research limitations/implications
The results of this research were based on an examination of how US consumers responded to the moral failure of Japanese and German brands. Future studies should examine brands from different COOs in different countries.

Practical implications
These results suggest that competing foreign brands from the COO of the scandalized brand should collaborate to quickly handle a product-harm crisis to prevent a spillover and that domestic competitors should capitalize on the opportunity to attract new customers.

Originality/value
This study represents a first attempt to examine the effect of a foreign brand’s moral failure in handling product-harm crisis on competing brands, both foreign and domestic.
An exemption for strong brands: the influence of brand community rejection on brand evaluation
Authors: Wang Lili , Ding Ying 
Published: March 2017

PurposeFocusing on firm-initiated brand communities, the purpose of this paper is to systematically examine the influence of brand community rejection on consumer evaluations and document the underlying mechanism involved.Design/methodology/approachFour empirical studies were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. Using a similar 2 × 2 study design, different subject samples and different product categories, Studies 1-3 investigated whether a brand community rejection strategy impacted strong brands differently than weak brands. Furthermore, Study 3 measured reactance as a moderator to explore the underlying process of the impact of a brand community rejection strategy on brand evaluations for different types of brands (i.e. strong vs weak). Study 4 used a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects design to examine whether justification would eliminate the negative impact of brand community rejection on subsequent brand evaluations for a weak brand.FindingsAcross the four studies, the findings consistently suggest that rejection from firm-initiated brand communities harms weak brands but not strong brands. In addition, by incorporating psychological reactance as a moderator of this effect, the authors uncover the process underlying the interaction between brand community rejection and brand strength. Furthermore, the paper examines the reasons that justify rejection to find a solution that eliminates the negative impact of brand community rejection on brand evaluations for weak brands.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research provides the first investigation of the effects of a brand community rejection strategy for different brands. The findings could advance the social exclusion literature and shed new light on brand community research.
Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards climate change education (CCE) among lower secondary teachers in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Karami Shaho , Shobeiri Seyed Mohammad , Jafari Hamidreza , Jafari Hamidreza 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Teachers can be regarded as key figures in climate change education (CCE). Therefore, the purpose of this study is assessment of Iranian lower secondary teachers? level of knowledge, attitudes and practices toward CCE in a less-touched-upon context.

Design/methodology/approach
The present study used a cross-sectional survey design, which used a specially designed questionnaire administered in ten high schools (five boys’ and five girls’ lower secondary schools). A sample of 108 lower secondary school teachers was selected through a multistage stratified random sampling technique. The gender structure of the sample was 48.1 per cent male and 51.9 per cent female subjects. To determine the status of teachers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices, the obtained quantitative data were classified into three categories on a scale of 100 per cent: good status (more than 75 per cent), moderate status (50-75 per cent) and weak status (less than 50 per cent).

Findings
The findings revealed that the involved teachers were equipped with an appropriate knowledge, i.e. 22.2 per cent good and 52.8 per cent moderate levels of knowledge. Furthermore, the subjects’ level of attitude was moderate (44.5 per cent); however, their level of practice was weak (52.8 per cent). In terms of gender, male subjects’ knowledge and attitude levels were higher than those of female subjects. However, female subjects reported higher levels of practice in comparison with male subjects. Overall, the results of this study highlighted the necessity of improving lower secondary teachers’ CCE in general and of the level of their attitudes and practices in particular.

Originality/value
The present study sheds more light on the change management and environmental education within the Iranian context. The results of this study accentuate the necessity of presenting more CCE programs for teachers. Furthermore, curriculum planners can take advantage of the obtained results to carry out curriculum reforms.
Contemporary issues in events, festivals and destination management
Authors: Van Niekerk Mathilda 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This article aims to provide a critical review of the articles included in this special issue and highlight their findings and contribution to events, festivals and destination management research.

Design/methodology/approach
The article critically reviews methodologies, findings, themes and conclusions offered by each article included in this special issue.

Findings
The articles in the special issue identify the latest thematic trends in events, festivals and destination management research and propose conceptual frameworks for event and festival life cycle trajectories. They build on previous research confirming how accessible tourism and a balanced event portfolio can increase the sustainability and competitiveness of the destination. Based on sound methodologies, they offer specific theoretical and practical implication for the successful planning, marketing and management of events, festivals and destinations. They provide suggestions on how event innovation, participatory sport events, mega sport events, food and wine festivals and meetings, incentives, conferences and events (MICE) can assist in the marketing and branding of the tourism destination.

Research limitations/implications
The articles in this special issue lay the foundation for future research in events, festivals and destination management. Articles in this special issue apply various research methods and analysis, indicating the growth of event and festival research. Research methods and analysis techniques used in the special issue include content/theme analysis, case studies, qualitative studies and questionnaires. The research articles and methodologies used in this issue should help both researchers and industry practitioners.

Originality/value
This study highlights key findings, theoretical and practical implications and contributions of the articles included in this special issue. It provides a holistic view of events, festivals and destination management research and suggests areas for future research.
Environmental impacts and certification: evidence from the Milan World Expo 2015
Authors: Guizzardi Andrea , Mariani Marcello , Prayag Girish 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThis study aims to examine residents’ perceptions of environmental impacts and certification for the Milan World Expo 2015 as well as their overall attitude toward the mega-event.Design/methodology/approachA survey of Milan residents based on a convenience sample led to 221 useable questionnaires.FindingsResidents perceived that the Expo will have minimal negative and positive environmental impacts. A minority of residents were aware of the environmental certification of the event. The less agreeable residents were with the perceived negative environmental impacts of the event, the more agreeable they were that a certification of event sustainability should limit the damage to the natural environment. Residents’ perceptions of the certification were positively related to their overall attitude toward the event.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings cannot be generalized to other mega-events but have several managerial implications in relation to the need for information provision to residents and better communication of the certification by event organizers and planners.Originality/valueDespite rising concerns about environmental issues related to hosting mega-events, there is no research on perceptions of a certification of event sustainability by residents.
The negotiation scorecard: a planning tool in business and industrial marketing
Authors: Fleming David E. , Hawes Jon M. 
Published: March 2017

PurposeGiven the ever-increasing complexity of business-to-business exchange, success is contingent on being able to adapt to any given situation. However, there is little in the way of guidance for how to adapt when it comes to negotiations. This paper aims to help business and industrial marketing professionals “get it right” by introducing a new tool which can be used to determine the appropriateness of using a distributive or an integrative approach for a given negotiation interaction.Design/methodology/approachTo develop this tool, the authors identify key situational factors in the negotiating context that serve as indicators of the appropriate orientation (integrative or distributive) that should be applied based on the extant negotiation literature. From this, they develop a framework to guide negotiators in their selection of an orientation for a particular interaction to achieve the best possible outcome.FindingsThe tool developed from the literature review and termed the “Negotiation Scorecard” enables business-to-business marketers to better gauge the negotiation context and develop an interaction style consistent with that situation. This can lead to better deals and/or enhanced long-term relationships within business and industrial marketing channels.Originality/valueThis tool is the first of its kind to provide negotiators with a structured and quantifiable metric to guide their planning for future negotiation interactions and offers proscriptive guidance as to the types of strategies and tactics they should plan to use and that they should expect to encounter.
The distributive knot: negotiators’ responsibility to untie complex demands
Authors: Lempereur Alain , Pekar Michele 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This article aims to explore the fundamental negotiation structure as a demand/response dynamic. It tests it in a complex business system, where a manager as a negotiator is confronted with multiple demands or pressures at different levels from a variety of stakeholders, both external and internal.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on concrete examples from the automotive industry, it presents an analytical framework to tackle all negotiation interactions.

Findings
This article suggests that it is possible to describe all negotiation interactions, whether they are simple or complex, through a demand/response framework.

Originality/value
This contribution examines a fundamental structure for negotiation responsibility – the demand/response dynamic – defining the mission of any negotiator in deal-making or dispute resolution as to try to supply a response to the expressed crossed demands. Second, the proposed theoretical model of demand/response is transposed and tested in a managerial system where a sales negotiator is confronted with demands from more sources, both external and internal, with the responsibility to satisfy as best as possible the various stakeholders and the capacity to address each of them with different moves.
The role of management accounting systems in the development of intellectual capital
Authors: Novas Jorge Casas , Alves Maria do Céu Gaspar , Sousa António 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the role of management accounting systems (MAS) in the development of intellectual capital (IC) – i.e. human capital (HC), structural capital (SC) and relational capital (RC) – and the resultant effects on organizational performance.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was developed to conduct a survey of high-level managers of Portuguese companies. The data collected were analyzed through the use of structural equation modeling with AMOS.FindingsStatistical support was found for six out of nine hypothesized relationships. The findings confirm the role of MAS in the development of HC and SC. Results also showed positive and statistically significant relationships between the three dimensions of IC, in line with previous research. Finally, results indicated that SC has a positive and significant link with organizational performance, in keeping with some research.Research limitations/implicationsThe estimation procedure allowed only a partial validation of the proposed model because, although positive, the relationships between MAS and RC, between HC and performance and between RC and organizational performance were not statistically significant.Practical implicationsThe study highlights the role of MAS as information networks that collect, process and communicate information that influences the development of IC, as well as networks of relationships that support the establishment of conditions for the creation and integration of organizational knowledge and the development of IC.Originality/valueIn this research, an arguably more complete framework of the relations between MAS, IC and performance is developed and empirically tested. Despite the existence of some literature addressing the relationship between MAS and IC, this is the first study, of which authors are aware, that focuses specifically on the relationships between MAS and the three dimensions of IC (HC, SC and RC), as well as their effects on organizational performance.
The disclosure of intellectual capital in Italian universities
Authors: Sangiorgi Daniela , Siboni Benedetta 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Universities are proper knowledge institutions, since knowledge represents both the input and the output of their activities. Several guidelines have been issued by the European Union and national governments for the promotion of intellectual capital (IC) disclosure by universities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the amount and nature of voluntary IC disclosure in Italian universities and to gauge the opinion of university managers on IC managing and reporting.

Design/methodology/approach
The study applies content analysis and a survey. The content analysis was applied to a group of voluntary social reports (SRs) issued by Italian universities, while the survey was submitted to all top managers of Italian universities.

Findings
The research found a significant amount of IC disclosure in SRs. Also, university top managers demonstrated an awareness of benefits deriving from IC managing and reporting practices, both for decision-making processes and to respond to stakeholder’s needs.

Originality/value
The current paper contributes to IC literature by providing an assessment of IC voluntary disclosure practices in Italian universities, analysing reports other than the annual report (which is the only document media analysed by research so far). Furthermore, while previous research has focussed on IC disclosure, the current study investigates the motivations for IC managing and provides insights into the benefits deriving from IC reporting in universities.
Intellectual capital in the age of Big Data: establishing a research agenda
Authors: Secundo Giustina , Del Vecchio Pasquale , Dumay John , Passiante Giuseppina 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature on intellectual capital (IC) in light of the emerging paradigm of Big Data. Through a literature review, this paper provides momentum for researchers and scholars to explore the emerging trends and implications of the Big Data movement in the field of IC.Design/methodology/approachA literature review highlights novel and emerging issues in IC and Big Data research, focussing on: IC for organisational value, the staged evolution of IC research, and Big Data research from the technological to the managerial paradigm. It is expected that identifying these contributions will help establish future research directions.FindingsA conceptual multi-level framework demonstrates how Big Data validates the need to shift the focus of IC research from organisations to ecosystems. The framework is organised into four sections: “why” – the managerial reasons for incorporating Big Data into IC; “what” – the Big Data typologies that enhance IC practice; “who” – the stakeholders involved in and impacted by Big Data IC value creation; and “how” – the Big Data processes suitable for IC management.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides many avenues for future research in this emerging area of investigation. The key research questions posed aim to advance the contribution of Big Data to research on IC approaches.Practical implicationsThe paper outlines the socio-economic value of Big Data generated by and about organisational ecosystems. It identifies opportunities for existing companies to renew their value propositions through Big Data, and discusses new tools for managing Big Data to support disclosing IC value drivers and creating new intangible assets.Originality/valueThis paper investigates the effects and implications Big Data offers for IC management, in support of the fourth stage of IC research. Additionally, it provides an original interpretation of IC research through the lens of Big Data.
Environmental management rivalry and firm performance
Authors: Kumar Anupam , Cantor David E. , Grimm Curtis M. , Hofer Christian 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to build and test theory regarding how rivalry in environmental management (EM) affects a focal firm’s environmental image and financial performance.Design/methodology/approachThe theory is tested with an original panel data set of 2,776 focal-rival dyad pairs. Measures of environmental signals are developed from content analysis of corporate sustainability reports. Environmental performance data are drawn from the Newsweek US 500 Green Rankings database. Financial performance data are drawn from COMPUSTAT.FindingsThe main findings are that focal firm signals have a positive and significant impact on both focal firm environmental image and financial performance. Rival firm signals have a negative effect on focal firm environmental image. Surprisingly, rival firm signals have a positive impact on focal firm financial performance.Practical implicationsThis paper can serve as a testament to the value of monitoring rival firm strategies and signaling to counter the impact of rival signals in the environmental domain. Environmental practices can be a source of competitive advantage for firms, and failure to compete in this space can place the firm at a competitive disadvantage.Originality/valueThis study makes several contributions to the EM literature. Leveraging competitive dynamics and the institutional viewpoints, this study builds theory with regard to how signals of competitive EM activity among a focal firm and its rivals affect environmental image and financial performance.
Entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and performance of SMEs in the manufacturing industry
Authors: Buli Bereket Mamo 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The Purpose of this paper is to examine the difference in the performance of Small Business using Entrepreneurial and market orientation. There is solid empirical evidence confirming the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in economic development. Using entrepreneurial and market orientations, this paper investigates the extent to which this strategic orientation contributes to the superior performance of manufacturing SMEs.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 171 SME managers participated in the survey research. Multiple and linear multiple regression were applied to test the hypotheses.

Findings
The empirical result reveals that integrating entrepreneurial and market orientations into the operation of SMEs contributes to superior performance, which in turn enables them to thrive in institutionally complex and economically turbulent environments. Except for innovativeness, each dimension of entrepreneurial orientation along with market orientation has a positive influence on business performance of small businesses.

Practical implications
Developing economies see SMEs as a path out of poverty, thereby realizing industrialization and sustainable growth. There is a keen interest to adopt proactive policies so as to create competitive domestic industries. Conversely, this can only be realized if states develop policy measures that prioritize or at least emphasize on highly growing SMEs rather than creating jobs that are neither productive nor decent.

Originality/value
The present paper confirms previous findings and contributes additional evidence that suggests working on entrepreneurial and market orientations of SMEs will improve performance and compensate the multi-dimensional constraints imposed by the existing market in developing economies. The finding of this study offers important insights for managers and policymakers.
Six Sigma, stock returns and operating performance
Authors: Ozkan Bora , Rubio J. Francisco , Hassan M. Kabir , Davis James R. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to expand the literature on financial and operational performance by analyzing the effects of undergoing through Six Sigma training.

Design/methodology/approach
The effects of implementing Six Sigma trainings is analyzed for 108 Fortune 500 companies. The authors estimate long-term stock returns and 14 financial ratios of Six Sigma companies, both pre- and post-adoption periods. Furthermore, The authors match the 108 companies by size and industry to 108 non-Six Sigma companies also within the Fortune 500.

Findings
Looking at long-term stock returns, the evidence shows that Six Sigma firms need at least four years before they start to outperform the controlling sample. Furthermore, looking at operational performance, unlike prior reported results, the authors find supporting, and more importantly, persisting statistical evidence that Six Sigma firms are less liquid and have a negative growth in staff levels in comparison to the matching firms.

Social implications
The findings of this suggest that if Six Sigma provides any value to the company, it comes at the expense of overloaded staff levels, as evidenced by the fact that Six Sigma firms have less growth in staff levels than the matching firms.

Originality/value
It is one of the first paper to thoroughly investigate the effects on both financial performance and operational performance of spending, sometimes billions of dollars, in Six Sigma training.