bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of topical glucocorticoids: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: El‐Khoury M. , Thay R. , N'Diaye M. , Fardet L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the prescriptions of topical glucocorticoids in the general population.ObjectivesTo report an overall picture of topical glucocorticoid prescriptions in France.MethodsThis study used the Echantillon Généraliste de Bénéficiaires (EGB) database, a 1/97th random sampling of the French population covered by the main national healthcare insurance system (approximately 90% of the whole population). All patients prescribed topical glucocorticoids over a 5‐year period (1 January 2011 to 31 December 2015) were identified using a specific code list for topical glucocorticoids.ResultsOver the 5‐year study period, 662 531 individuals were recorded for at least 1 day in the EGB. Among them, 220 345 (33.3%) were prescribed at least once topical glucocorticoid. The prevalence of topical glucocorticoid prescription increased regularly from 2011 (11.7%) to 2015 (12.5%). A total of 922 026 tubes of topical glucocorticoids were dispensed, mainly high‐potency glucocorticoids, and were mainly prescribed by general practitioners (73.1%). A total of 1713 (0.8%) patients were prescribed at least 24 tubes over a calendar year. These patients were more frequently men (P < 0.001) and older (P < 0.001) than the overall population of patients prescribed topical glucocorticoids. The 124 844 tubes prescribed to these patients had stronger potency than those prescribed to the overall population (P < 0.001) and were mostly prescribed by general practitioners (68.1%). The reasons for prescription were available for only 371 patients (21.7%) and were mainly psoriasis, auto‐immune bullous dermatoses and eczema.ConclusionAbout 12% of the French general population is prescribed topical glucocorticoids at least once each year. Most prescriptions are issued by general practitioners, dermatologists being the prescribers in less than one‐quarter of cases.
Depression Case Finding in Individuals with Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Goodarzi Zahra S. , Mele Bria S. , Roberts Derek J. , Holroyd‐Leduc Jayna 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of depression case finding tools with a criterion standard in the outpatient setting among adults with dementia.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.SettingStudies of older outpatients with dementia.ParticipantsElderly outpatients (clinic and long‐term care) with dementia (N = 3,035).MeasurementsPrevalence of major depression and diagnostic accuracy measures including sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios.ResultsFrom the 11,539 citations, 20 studies were included for qualitative synthesis and 15 for a meta‐analysis. Tools included were the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Single Question, Nijmegen Observer‐Rated Depression Scale, and Even Briefer Assessment Scale–Depression. The pooled prevalence of depression in individuals with dementia was 30.3% (95% CI = 22.1–38.5). The average age was 75.2 (95% CI = 71.7–78.7), and mean Mini‐Mental State Examination scores ranged from 11.2 to 24. The diagnostic accuracy of the individual tools was pooled for the best‐reported cutoffs and for each cutoff, if available. The CSDD had a sensitivity of 0.84 (95% CI = 0.73–0.91) and a specificity of 0.80 (95% CI = 0.65–0.90), the 30‐item GDS (GDS‐30) had a sensitivity of 0.62 (95% CI = 0.45–0.76) and a specificity 0.81 (95% CI = 0.75–0.85), and the HDRS had a sensitivity of 0.86 (95% CI = 0.63–0.96) and a specificity of 0.84 (95% CI = 0.76–0.90). Summary statistics for all tools across best‐reported cutoffs had significant heterogeneity.ConclusionThere are many validated tools for the detection of depression in individuals with dementia. Tools that incorporate a physician interview with patient and collateral histories, the CSDD and HDRS, have higher sensitivities, which would ensure fewer false‐negatives.
Albuminuria in Association with Cognitive Function and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Georgakis Marios K. , Dimitriou Nikolaos G. , Karalexi Maria A. , Mihas Constantinos , Nasothimiou Efthimia G. , Tousoulis Dimitrios , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Petridou Eleni Th. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesCerebral microvascular disease is considered to contribute to cognitive dysfunction. We opted to explore whether albuminuria, a marker of systemic microangiopathy, is associated with cognitive impairment, dementia, and cognitive function.DesignSystematic review; independent reviewers screened 2359 articles, derived through the search strategy, for identification of observational studies quantifying an association of albuminuria with the outcomes of interest, abstracted data on study characteristics and results and evaluated studies on quality using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsAdults.MesurementsCognitive impairment and dementia, defined by validated neuropsychological tests or clinical guidelines, respectively, and cognitive function, assessed by validated instruments.ResultsThirty‐two eligible studies were identified. Albuminuria was associated with cognitive impairment (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.35, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.19–1.53; 7,852 cases), dementia (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.10–1.65; 5,758 cases), clinical Alzheimer's disease (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.11–1.69; 629 cases) and vascular dementia (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.16–3.31; 186 cases); the effect remained significant among longitudinal, population‐based and high quality studies. Time‐to‐event analysis on prospective studies of non‐demented at baseline individuals also showed a significant association with incident dementia (Risk Ratio: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.16–1.99; 971 cases). Worse global cognitive performance (Hedge's g: −0.13, 95% CI: −0.18, −0.09; 68,348 subjects) and accelerated cognitive decline (g: −0.20, 95% CI: −0.34, −0.07; 31,792 subjects) were noted among subjects with albuminuria, who also scored lower in executive function, processing speed, verbal fluency, and verbal memory.ConclusionsAlbuminuria was independently associated with cognitive impairment, dementia and cognitive decline. The stronger effects for vascular dementia and cognitive performance in domains primarily affected by microvascular disease support that the association could be mediated by shared microvascular pathology in the kidney and the brain.
Distinct Cognitive Trajectories in the First Year After Hip Fracture
Authors: Beishuizen Sara J. E. , van Munster Barbara C. , de Jonghe Annemarieke , Abu‐Hanna Ameen , Buurman Bianca M. , de Rooij Sophia E. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesChange in cognitive functioning is often observed after hip fracture. Different patterns, with both improvement and decline, are expected, depending on premorbid cognitive functioning and events that occur during hospitalization. These patterns are unknown and important for older hip fracture patients with different levels of premorbid cognitive functioning.Design, Setting, Participants, MeasurementsWe conducted a secondary analysis of a multi‐center randomized controlled trial. 302 consecutive patients aged 65–102 years old, admitted for hip fracture surgery, were enrolled. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was obtained at hospital admission, at discharge, and at 3 and 12 months after discharge. Cognitive trajectories were identified with Group Based Trajectory Modelling, using the repeated MMSE measurements as outcome variable. To illustrate the specific characteristics of this relative novel methodological approach, it was contrasted with results obtained from linear mixed effects modeling.Results146 (48.3%) patients had premorbid cognitive impairment and 85 patients (28.1%) experienced delirium during admission. Three distinct cognitive trajectories were identified and labeled based on different MMSE course over time: improvement (57.9%), stable (28.1%), and rapid decline (13.9%), with an annual MMSE change of 1.7, 0.8, and −3.5 points respectively. With mixed effects modeling an overall annual increase of 0.7 MMSE points was estimated for the group as a whole.ConclusionThree distinct cognitive trajectories were identified in a population of older hip fracture patients. These trajectory groups can be used as a starting point to inform patients and caregivers on the possible prognosis after hip fracture. Group based trajectory modelling is a useful technique when the purpose is to describe patterns of change within a population and a variety of trajectories are expected to exist.
Trends in dietary intake among adults with type 2 diabetes: NHANES 1988–2012
Authors: Casagrande S. S. , Cowie C. C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundDietary recommendations for adults with diabetes are to follow a healthy diet in appropriate portion sizes. We determined recent trends in energy and nutrient intakes among a nationally representative sample of US adults with and without type 2 diabetes.MethodsParticipants were adults aged ≥20 years from the cross‐sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1988–2012 (N = 49 770). Diabetes was determined by self‐report of a physician's diagnosis (n = 4885). Intake of energy and nutrients were determined from a 24‐h recall by participants of all food consumed. Linear regression was used to test for trends in mean intake over time for all participants and by demographic characteristics.ResultsAmong adults with diabetes, overall total energy intake increased between 1988–1994 and 2011–2012 (1689 kcal versus 1895 kcal; Ptrend < 0.001) with evidence of a plateau between 2003–2006 and 2011–2012. In 2007–2012, energy intake was greater for younger than older adults, for men than women, and for non‐Hispanic whites versus non‐Hispanic blacks. There was no change in the percentage of calories from carbohydrate, total fat or protein. Percentage of calories from saturated fat was similar across study periods but remained above recommendations (11.2% in 2011–2012). Fibre intake significantly decreased and remained below recommendations (Ptrend = 0.002). Sodium, cholesterol and calcium intakes increased. There was no change in energy intake among adults without diabetes and dietary trends were similar to those with diabetes.ConclusionsFuture data are needed to confirm a plateau in energy intake among adults with diabetes, although the opportunity exists to increase fibre and reduce saturated fat.
The nature and prevalence of catatonic symptoms in young people with autism
Authors: Breen J. , Hare D. J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundA proportion of young people with autism are reported to show catatonic‐like symptoms in adolescence. The aetiology and prevalence of such presentations is unknown but include a set of behaviours that can best be described as attenuated.MethodThe current study empirically investigated the presence and nature of such attenuated behaviours in children and adolescents with autism using a newly developed 34‐item third party report measure, the Attenuated Behaviour Questionnaire. Caregivers or parents of young people with autism reported on the presentation of symptoms via the online completion of the Attenuated Behaviour Questionnaire and two established clinical measures of repetitive behaviour and depression.ResultsInitial results indicate that the Attenuated Behaviour Questionnaire is a workable clinical measure in this population with a degree of discriminant validity with regard to catatonia. Attenuated behaviour indicative of catatonia was relatively common in young people with autism with up to 20.2% having an existing diagnosis of catatonia and evidence of a relationship between attenuated behaviours and measures of depression and repetitive and restricted behaviours.ConclusionCatatonic symptoms are more prevalent in young people with autism than previously thought, and the Attenuated Behaviour Questionnaire has potential as a clinical and research tool.
Preoperative assessment of factors associated with difficulty in performing total laparoscopic hysterectomy
Authors: Saito Ako , Hirata Tetsuya , Koga Kaori , Takamura Masashi , Fukuda Shinya , Neriishi Kazuaki , Pastorfide Gia , Harada Miyuki , Hirota Yasushi , Wada‐Hiraike Osamu , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimOur objective was to determine the preoperative factors associated with difficulty in total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH).MethodsThis retrospective clinical study included 157 patients who underwent TLH for leiomyoma or adenomyosis between 2009 and 2013. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before surgery. We categorized patients as ‘difficult’ if the operation time was > 243 min, if total blood loss was > 500 mL, or if conversion to laparotomy was necessary. Preoperative information, including MRI findings, was compared between the difficult and ‘other’ patients. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to control for covariates that were significant on univariate analysis (P < 0.05).ResultsThe presence of an endometrioma, a previous cesarean section (CS), a wide uterus, and a high body mass index were independent risk factors for being a difficult patient. For adenomyosis patients, the presence of an endometrioma, a prior CS, subtype II adenomyosis, and high body mass index were independent risk factors for being a difficult patient. For leiomyoma patients, the presence of an endometrioma, a prior CS, and having at least seven leiomyomas were independent risk factors for being a difficult patient. All laparotomy conversion patients had multiple risk factors.ConclusionWe have elucidated the factors associated with difficult TLH patients using patients' background and preoperative MRI findings. Awareness of these predictive factors may enable surgeons to prepare for the operation, minimize complications, or choose another more appropriate route of hysterectomy than TLH.
The Marginal Fit of CAD/CAM Monolithic Ceramic and Metal‐Ceramic Crowns
Authors: Freire Yolanda , Gonzalo Esther , Lopez‐Suarez Carlos , Suarez Maria J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeStudies on the marginal fit of monolithic restorations are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the marginal fit among monolithic zirconia, monolithic lithium disilicate, and conventional metal‐ceramic crowns and to compare the buccal and lingual surfaces.Materials and MethodsThirty standardized stainless steel master dies were fabricated (height: 5 mm; convergence: 6°; chamfer: 1 mm). The dies were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 each) according to the material used to construct the crowns: group 1 (LM): Lava Plus; group 2 (DM): IPS e.max CAD; and group 3 (MC): Metal‐ceramic. The crowns were luted in a standard manner onto the stainless steel master dies using conventional glass ionomer cement. The vertical marginal gap of the restorations was evaluated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 500x magnification. One‐way ANOVA, Tukey´s HSD test, and Student's paired t test were used to assess the marginal discrepancy among the groups. The cutoff value for statistical significance was set at α = 0.05.ResultsSignificant differences among the three groups (p = 0.0001) were recorded. DM group showed the lowest discrepancies (27.95 ± 9.37 μm). Significant differences were observed for the buccal (p = 0.007) and lingual (p = 0.0001) surfaces between the DM group and the other groups.ConclusionsThe accuracy of fit achieved for the three groups was within the range of clinical acceptance. IPS e.max CAD showed the lowest discrepancies.
A comprehensive review of Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum: ecology, pathology and prevention
Authors: Hickey Michael E. , Lee Jung‐Lim 
Published: February 2017

AbstractVibrio (Listonella) anguillarum is a marine bacteria that is pathogenic to a number of aquatic organisms including several species which are important to the aquaculture industry. Organisms that are infected by V. anguillarum are diagnosed with vibriosis which can be lethal in a matter of days. Vibriosis can be particularly devastating to aquaculture businesses and measures of prevention or treatment are generally quite expensive. Efforts to understand and control V. anguillarum virulence have been of high‐priority among international aquatic research studies. The knowledge that has accumulated as a result of this collective research effort is reviewed in this article.
Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 Report
Authors: Vogelmeier Claus F. , Criner Gerard J. , Martinez Fernando J. , Anzueto Antonio , Barnes Peter J. , Bourbeau Jean , Celli Bartolome R. , Chen Rongchang , Decramer Marc , Fabbri Leonardo M. , Frith Peter , Halpin David M.G. , López Varela M. Victorina , Nishimura Masaharu , Roche Nicolas , Rodriguez‐Roisin Roberto , Sin Don D. , Singh Dave , Stockley Robert , Vestbo Jørgen , Wedzicha Jadwiga A. , Agusti Alvar 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
This Executive Summary of the Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2017 Report focuses primarily on the revised and novel parts of the document. The most significant changes include: (i) the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been refined to separate the spirometric assessment from symptom evaluation. ABCD groups are now proposed to be derived exclusively from patient symptoms and their history of exacerbations; (ii) for each of the groups A to D, escalation strategies for pharmacological treatments are proposed; (iii) the concept of de‐escalation of therapy is introduced in the treatment assessment scheme; (iv)non‐pharmacological therapies are comprehensively presented and (v) the importance of co‐morbid conditions in managing COPD is reviewed.
Supporting the development of empathy: The role of theory of mind and fantasy orientation
Authors: Brown Melissa McInnis , Thibodeau Rachel B. , Pierucci Jillian M. , Gilpin Ansley Tullos 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTheory of mind (ToM) and empathy are separate, but related components of social understanding. However, research has not clearly defined the distinctions between them. Similarly, related constructs, such as fantasy orientation (FO), are associated with better ToM understanding; however, little is known about how FO may provide a context in which both ToM and affective empathy develop. Children between the ages of 3 and 5 (N = 82) completed a battery of ToM, empathy, and FO measures. Results demonstrated a developmental progression from ToM to affective empathy: 3‐year‐olds were likely to have neither, 4‐year‐olds were likely to have ToM only, and 5‐year‐olds were likely to have both. Additionally, results indicated that FO predicted affective empathy above and beyond ToM ability, suggesting that children whose play is high in fantasy are more practiced than their peers in sharing emotions. These findings are discussed in terms of how children's propensity toward fantasy play may contribute to their social development.
Efficacy of artesunate + sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine and artemether + lumefantrine and dhfr and dhps mutations in Somalia: evidence for updating the malaria treatment policy
Authors: Warsame Marian , Hassan Abdikarim Hussein , Hassan Abdillahi Mohamed , Arale Abdulkadir Mohamed , Jibril Ali Mohamed , Mohamud Said Abdulkadir , Barrette Amy , Muse Abdikarim Yusuf , Yusuf Fahmi Essa , Nada Rania A. , Amran Jamal Ghilan Hefzullah 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the therapeutic efficacy of artesunate + sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (AS + SP) and artemether + lumefantrine (AL), and to investigate the presence of molecular mutations associated with resistance, to inform national malaria treatment policy.MethodsOne‐arm prospective studies were conducted in three study sites in Somalia in 2013 and 2015 to evaluate the efficacy of AS + SP and AL among patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Outcomes included clinical and parasitological response over 28 days, and the presence of dihydrofolate reductase (dfhr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) and mutations.ResultsAmong patients treated with AS + SP, the PCR‐corrected treatment failure rate was 12.3%. The majority of patients (89%) carried either the quintuple mutations (51I/108N + 437G/540E/581G or 51I/59R/108N + 437G/540E) or the quadruple mutation (51I/108N + 437G/540E). All patients who failed treatment with AS + SP carried the quintuple mutation (51I/108N + 437G/540E/581G). In the studies of AL, the PCR‐corrected treatment failure rate was <6%. All patients in both treatment groups cleared their parasitaemia by day 3.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate a failing first‐line treatment (AS + SP), with a failure rate above the threshold (10%) for policy change, and a high prevalence of quintuple mutations. In contrast, AL was highly efficacious. Based on these findings and the results from a previous AS + SP study, AL was selected to replace AS + SP as the first‐line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in Somalia in 2016. Dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine (DHA + PPQ) has been recommended as the second‐line treatment. Routine monitoring of recommended ACTs should continue to inform treatment policy.
Spherocytic shift of red blood cells during storage provides a quantitative whole cell–based marker of the storage lesion
Authors: Roussel Camille , Dussiot Michaël , Marin Mickaël , Morel Alexandre , Ndour Papa Alioune , Duez Julien , Le Van Kim Caroline , Hermine Olivier , Colin Yves , Buffet Pierre A. , Amireault Pascal 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDStorage lesion may explain the rapid clearance of up to 25% of transfused red blood cells (RBCs) in recipients. Several alterations affect stored RBC but a quantitative, whole cell–based predictor of transfusion yield is lacking. Because RBCs with reduced surface area are retained by the spleen, we quantified changes in RBC dimensions during storage.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSUsing imaging flow cytometry we observed the dimension and morphology of RBCs upon storage, along with that of conventional biochemical and mechanical markers of storage lesion. We then validated these findings using differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy and quantified the accumulation of microparticles (MPs).RESULTSMean projected surface area of the whole RBC population decreased from 72.4 to 68.4 µm2, a change resulting from the appearance of a well‐demarcated subpopulation of RBCs with reduced mean projected surface (58 µm2, 15.2%‐19.9% reduction). These “small RBCs” accounted for 4.9 and 23.6% of all RBCs on Days 3 and 42 of storage, respectively. DIC microscopy confirmed that small RBCs had shifted upon storage from discocytes to echinocytes III, spheroechinocytes, and spherocytes. Glycophorin A–positive MPs and small RBCs appeared after similar kinetics.CONCLUSIONThe reduction in surface area of small RBCs is expected to induce their retention by the spleen. We propose that small RBCs generated by MP‐induced membrane loss are preferentially cleared from the circulation shortly after transfusion of long‐stored blood. Their operator‐independent quantification using imaging flow cytometry may provide a marker of storage lesion potentially predictive of transfusion yield.