bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of an international workplace learning placement on personal and professional development
Authors: Davies Kerryn , Curtin Michael , Robson Kristy 
Published: October 2016

Background/aimWorkplace learning (WPL) placements are a mandatory part of occupational therapy courses. There is some evidence that suggests WPL placements in international settings are beneficial for students’ learning, and personal and professional development. The aim of this study was to explore the impact an international WPL placement in Vietnam had on the perceived personal and professional development of a group of Australian occupational therapy graduates.MethodsInterpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore the perceptions of how participation in the Charles Sturt University School of Community Health's Vietnam placement influenced the personal and professional development of occupational therapy graduates. Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nine graduates who participated in the Vietnam placement when they were final year occupational therapy students. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and individually analysed to identify key themes.FindingsTwo major themes emerged from the analysis: becoming resourceful, resilient and confident, and becoming respectful of difference. The participants indicated that participation in the Vietnam placement had a positive impact on their personal and professional development.ConclusionParticipants indicated that the Vietnam placement enabled them to develop their resourcefulness, resilience, reasoning skills, cultural competence, confidence and independence, beyond what they felt would have achieved on a domestic placement. For these reason these participants found the placement a beneficial and worthwhile experience.
Persistent Retinal Iron in Abusive Head Trauma
Authors: Bais Babette , Karst Wouter A. , Kubat Bela , Verdijk Robert M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRetinal hemosiderin deposition is a histologic indicator of sustained hemorrhage but cannot be used to precisely estimate the elapsed time since an episode of trauma. A 5‐month‐old male infant was admitted to hospital after acute deterioration. Examination revealed encephalopathy, subdural hematomas, and retinal hemorrhages consistent with abusive head trauma (AHT). At the age of 3, he was readmitted to hospital with spontaneous osteopenic fracture of the right femur. The patient deteriorated and died after unsuccessful resuscitation. Ophthalmopathological investigation showed atrophy of the retina and optic nerve and hemosiderin deposition in both eyes. Retinal hemosiderin deposition is currently generally assumed to disappear within 6–8 weeks after the occurrence of hemorrhage in AHT. This case report describes an infant with bilateral retinal hemosiderin depositions due to hemorrhages sustained from AHT occurring 32 months prior to death. Implications of this finding for the interpretation of retinal hemosiderin depositions in AHT are discussed.
Expressed microRNA associated with high rate of egg production in chicken ovarian follicles
Authors: Wu N. , Gaur U. , Zhu Q. , Chen B. , Xu Z. , Zhao X. , Yang M. , Li D. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryMicroRNA (miRNA) is a highly conserved class of small noncoding RNA about 19–24 nucleotides in length that function in a specific manner to post‐transcriptionally regulate gene expression in organisms. Tissue miRNA expression studies have discovered a myriad of functions for miRNAs in various aspects, but a role for miRNAs in chicken ovarian tissue at 300 days of age has not hitherto been reported. In this study, we performed the first miRNA analysis of ovarian tissues in chickens with low and high rates of egg production using high‐throughput sequencing. By comparing low rate of egg production chickens with high rate of egg production chickens, 17 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were found (P < 0.05), including 11 known and six novel miRNAs. We found that all 11 known miRNAs were involved mainly in pathways of reproduction regulation, such as steroid hormone biosynthesis and dopaminergic synapse. Additionally, expression profiling of six randomly selected differentially regulated miRNAs were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Some miRNAs, such as gga‐miR‐34b, gga‐miR‐34c and gga‐miR‐216b, were reported to regulate processes such as proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and metastasis and were expressed differentially in ovaries of chickens with high rates of egg production, suggesting that these miRNAs have an important role in ovary development and reproductive management of chicken. Furthermore, we uncovered that a significantly up‐regulated miRNA—gga‐miR‐200a‐3p—is ubiquitous in reproduction‐regulation‐related pathways. This miRNA may play a special central role in the reproductive management of chicken, and needs to be further studied for confirmation.
Nature, Economy, and Equity: Sacred Water, Profane Markets
Authors: Gaffney Mason 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTNumerous conflicts over natural resources can be overcome by restoring reciprocity between public and private sectors of the economy. Chapter 1 reviews two competing forms of environmentalism: one that accommodates business interests by giving public resources to them, and one that sacralizes the bond between society and nature by protecting both environmental quality and social equity. Chapter 2 discusses problems around the world that can be traced to mismanagement of natural resources, including land grabs and poverty. It also reveals a natural confluence between environmental, economic, and social concerns. Chapter 3 shows problems created by California's water tenure laws. California's 19th century equitable solution (the Wright Act) is examined, along with inequities in legal regimes of India, Pakistan, South Africa, and the Philippines. Chapter 4 is a case study of how water laws have affected one river in California's Central Valley by preventing efficient water use. Chapter 5 shows why “water markets,” the standard panacea offered by most economists, have failed to improve either the efficiency or equity of water allocations in California and why such schemes are likely to fail for other natural resources. The missing element in such plans is a method of creating reciprocity by compensating the public, as the original owners of all natural resources. Chapter 6 concludes with four principles derived from the foregoing analysis.
From Contention to Co‐governance: The Case of the Right to Inhabit Movement in Rome (2000–2013)
Authors: Sehtman Alejandro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBased on interviews with activists and local government officials and on secondary data, this paper analyzes the development and effects of the Roman Right to Inhabit Movement (RIM) from its origins till 2014. The first section describes the origins and characteristics of the new housing question in Rome. The second presents a brief genealogy of the RIM, paying special attention to how it has framed the housing question. The third describes the activities of the RIM by focusing on its interplay with the city politics and administration and the resulting changes in the housing policy of the city of Rome. The fourth section analyzes the modes of state regulation and of political articulation of the housing question that these transformations have brought about. The final section argues that these emerging arrangements are a significant example of how new forms of social protection are being created by urban movements after the neoliberal erosion of the welfare mechanisms.
Alternative Food Economies and Transformative Politics in Times of Crisis: Insights from the Basque Country and Greece
Authors: Calvário Rita , Kallis Giorgos 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWhy and how do alternative economies emerge, how do they develop and what is their contribution, if any, to transformative politics? Alternative economies proliferate in the countries worse hit by economic crisis and austerity, such as Spain or Greece. Yet the existing literature is stuck in a counter‐productive division between celebration and critique. We move beyond this division applying philosopher Daniel Bensaïd's understanding of politics to two alternative food economies, one in the Basque Country and one in Greece. We illuminate the activist strategies and specific conjunctures within which the two alternatives emerged and explain how they develop in the face of political‐economic barriers. Alternative economies, we conclude, can be transformational when they are inserted in activist strategies directed to extend conflict, social struggles and challenge the capital–state nexus.
OWNERSHIP, CONTROL, AGENCY AND RESIDUAL CLAIMS IN HEALTHCARE: INSIGHTS ON COOPERATIVES AND NON‐PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: CORDERY Carolyn , HOWELL Bronwyn 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTMany issues surrounding healthcare entities’ performance can be traced to their governance and ownership. Increasingly, public services are being provided by non‐profit organizations and/or cooperatives, particularly in the healthcare sector. This is not unproblematic. We draw on the conceptual separation of ownership and control, and the notion of firm ownership to derive a taxonomy of dimensions along which a contractual‐ and property rights theory of the firm can be structured, in order to determine the nature of firms’ differences. We utilize the taxonomy to illustrate important distinctions between non‐profit and cooperative firms in the primary healthcare sector and propose testable hypotheses. Funders and regulators must recognise the differences between these firms, if public funding of healthcare is to achieve the expected outcomes.
Pain‐processing abnormalities in bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and schizophrenia: A novel trait marker for psychosis proneness and functional outcome?
Authors: Minichino Amedeo , Delle Chiaie Roberto , Cruccu Giorgio , Piroso Serena , Di Stefano Giulia , Francesconi Marta , Bersani Francesco Saverio , Biondi Massimo , Truini Andrea 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesOverlapping neural system dysfunctions, mainly involving the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the anterior insular cortex (AIC), seem to be related to both pain‐perception abnormalities and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Laser‐evoked potentials (LEPs) were used to investigate pain‐perception and central pain‐processing abnormalities in SCZ, bipolar I disorder (BD‐I), and bipolar II disorder (BD‐II), and to evaluate their relationship with history of psychosis, and social‐cognitive and functional impairments.MethodsTwenty patients with SCZ, 17 patients with BD‐I, and 21 patients with BD‐II who were all under similar pharmacological treatment underwent clinical, functional, and neuro‐psychological assessment. LEPs were analyzed in patients and 19 healthy subjects (HS). LEPs elicit responses reflecting the activity of the S2 (N1 wave) and the ACC/AIC cortices (N2/P2 complex). A four‐group ANOVA was conducted between patients and HS to compare pain‐perceptive thresholds (PThs), N1, and N2/P2‐LEP components.ResultsCompared to HS: (i) patients with SCZ showed pain‐processing and pain‐perception abnormalities, as revealed by significantly higher PTh (P<.01), and lower N1 (P<.01) and N2/P2 (P<.01) amplitudes, (ii) patients with BD‐I showed only pain‐processing abnormalities, as revealed by significantly lower N1 (P<.05) and N2 (P<.01) amplitudes; and patients with BD‐II did not differ for any of the LEP variables investigated. N1 and N2 amplitudes negatively correlated to history of psychosis (P<.01), social‐cognition (P<.05), and real‐world functioning (P<.01) measures in the whole group of patients.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing central pain processing in patients with SCZ, BD‐I, and BD‐II. Our results suggest that pain‐processing abnormalities may represent a novel locus of interest for research investigating trait markers of the psychosis spectrum.
The role of apolipoprotein N‐acyl transferase, Lnt, in the lipidation of factor H binding protein of Neisseria meningitidis strain MC58 and its potential as a drug target
Authors: da Silva R A G , Churchward C P , Karlyshev A V , Eleftheriadou O , Snabaitis A K , Longman M R , Ryan A , Griffin R 
Published: October 2016

Background and PurposeThe level of cell surface expression of the meningococcal vaccine antigen, Factor H binding protein (FHbp) varies between and within strains and this limits the breadth of strains that can be targeted by FHbp‐based vaccines. The molecular pathway controlling expression of FHbp at the cell surface, including its lipidation, sorting to the outer membrane and export, and the potential regulation of this pathway have not been investigated until now. This knowledge will aid our evaluation of FHbp vaccines.Experimental ApproachA meningococcal transposon library was screened by whole cell immuno‐dot blotting using an anti‐FHbp antibody to identify a mutant with reduced binding and the disrupted gene was determined.Key ResultsIn a mutant with markedly reduced binding, the transposon was located in the lnt gene which encodes apolipoprotein N‐acyl transferase, Lnt, responsible for the addition of the third fatty acid to apolipoproteins prior to their sorting to the outer membrane. We provide data indicating that in the Lnt mutant, FHbp is diacylated and its expression within the cell is reduced 10 fold, partly due to inhibition of transcription. Furthermore the Lnt mutant showed 64 fold and 16 fold increase in susceptibility to rifampicin and ciprofloxacin respectively.Conclusion and ImplicationsWe speculate that the inefficient sorting of diacylated FHbp in the meningococcus results in its accumulation in the periplasm inducing an envelope stress response to down‐regulate its expression. We propose Lnt as a potential novel drug target for combination therapy with antibiotics.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Drug Metabolism and Antibiotic Resistance in Micro‐organisms. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.14/issuetoc
Perceived treatment barriers and experiences in the use of services for obsessive–compulsive disorder across different ethnic groups: a thematic analysis
Authors: Kolvenbach Sarah , Fernández de la Cruz Lorena , Mataix‐Cols David , Patel Natasha , Jassi Amita 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundPatients from ethnic minority backgrounds are underrepresented in clinical settings. Factors like cost of treatment, poor knowledge of the health system, geographic availability of services, lack of mental health literacy, differences in health beliefs, and social barriers have been identified as reasons for these inequalities. The aim of this study was to identify and compare barriers that parents from different ethnic groups face when accessing specialist services for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) for their children.MethodTen parents from White backgrounds and 10 from ethnic minority backgrounds were recruited from the National and Specialist OCD, BDD, and Related Disorders Clinic for Young People, London, United Kingdom. They were interviewed about their opinions and experiences when accessing treatment.ResultsUsing thematic analysis, several common barriers for both groups were identified. These included a lack of knowledge of OCD, lack of resources within the health system, previous negative experiences, lack of trust in the mental health system, lack of time and financial issues, no support out of hours, bullying, and inconvenient location of services. In addition, there were several barriers that were endorsed by ethnic minority groups but not by the parents from White backgrounds, namely stigma and discrimination from within their communities, shame and denial, a general lack of trust in the health system by their cultural group, different beliefs about mental health issues, and discrimination from within the system.ConclusionsPolicy‐makers and clinicians should be aware of the additional barriers minority patients may face in accessing treatment and should support interventions designed to overcome them.
Anticipatory Eye Movements While Watching Continuous Action Across Shots in Video Sequences: A Developmental Study
Authors: Kirkorian Heather L. , Anderson Daniel R. 
Published: October 2016

Eye movements were recorded as 12‐month‐olds (n = 15), 4‐year‐olds (n = 17), and adults (n = 19) watched a 15‐min video with sequences of shots conveying continuous motion. The central question was whether, and at what age, viewers anticipate the reappearance of objects following cuts to new shots. Adults were more likely than younger viewers to make anticipatory eye movements. Four‐year‐olds responded to transitions more slowly and tended to fixate the center of the screen. Infants’ eye movement patterns reflected a tendency to react rather than anticipate. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adults integrate content across shots and understand how space is represented in edited video. Results are interpreted with respect to a developing understanding of film editing due to experience and cognitive maturation.
Innate and humoral recognition of the products of cell death: differential antigenicity and immunogenicity in lupus
Authors: Arora P , Malik M , Sachdeva R , Saxena L , Das J , Ramachandran V G , Pal R 
Published: October 2016

SummaryWhile apoptotic debris is believed to constitute the original antigenic insult in lupus (which is characterized by a time-dependent diversification of autoreactivity), whether such debris and autoantibodies specifically recognizing its constituents mediate differential effects on innate and humoral responses in lupus-prone mice is currently unknown. Apoptotic blebs (as opposed to cellular lysate) enhanced preferentially the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) from bone marrow precursors drawn from lupus-prone mice. Murine, somatically mutated, apoptotic cell-reactive immunoglobulin (Ig)G monoclonal antibodies demonstrated enhanced recognition of DCs and also displayed a prominent lupus strain-specific bias in mediating DC maturation. Further, immunization of such antibodies specifically in lupus-prone mice resulted in widespread humoral autoreactivity; hypergammaglobulinaemia (a hallmark of systemic autoimmunity) was observed, accompanied by enhanced antibody titres to cellular moieties. Induced antibodies recognized antigens distinct from those recognized by the antibodies employed for immunization; in particular, nephritis-associated anti-double stranded (ds) DNA antibodies and neonatal lupus-associated anti-Ro60 antibodies were elicited by a non-dsDNA, non-Ro60 reactive antibody, and Sm was a favoured target. Further, only in lupus-prone mice did such immunization enhance the kinetics of humoral anti-self responses, resulting in the advanced onset of glomerulosclerosis. These studies reveal that preferential innate and humoral recognition of the products of cell death in a lupus milieu influence the indices associated with autoimmune pathology.
Foxc2CreERT2 knock‐in mice mark stage‐specific Foxc2‐expressing cells during mouse organogenesis
Authors: Amin Mohammed Badrul , Miura Naoyuki , Uddin Mohammad Khaja Mafij , Islam Mohammod Johirul , Yoshida Nobuaki , Iseki Sachiko , Kume Tsutomu , Trainor Paul A. , Saitsu Hirotomo , Aoto Kazushi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFoxc2, a member of the winged helix transcription factor family, is essential for eye, calvarial bone, cardiovascular and kidney development in mice. Nevertheless, how Foxc2‐expressing cells and their descendent cells contribute to the development of these tissues and organs has not been elucidated. Here, we generated a Foxc2 knock‐in (Foxc2CreERT2) mouse, in which administration of estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen induces nuclear translocation of Cre recombinase in Foxc2‐expressing cells. By crossing with ROSA‐LacZ reporter mice (Foxc2CreERT2; R26R), the fate of Foxc2 positive (Foxc2+) cells was analyzed through LacZ staining at various embryonic stages. We found Foxc2+cell descendants in the supraoccipital and exoccipital bone in E18.5 embryos, when tamoxifen was administered at embryonic day (E) 8.5. Furthermore, Foxc2+ descendant cranial neural crest cells at E8–10 were restricted to the corneal mesenchyme, while Foxc2+ cell derived cardiac neural crest cells at E6–12 were found in the aorta, pulmonary trunk and valves, and endocardial cushions. Foxc2+ cell descendant contributions to the glomerular podocytes in the kidney were also observed following E6.5 tamoxifen treatment. Our results are consistent with previous reports of Foxc2 expression during early embryogenesis and the Foxc2CreERT2 mouse provides a tool to investigate spatiotemporal roles of Foxc2 and contributions of Foxc2+ expressing cells during mouse embryogenesis.
Functional Synergy Between Postural and Visual Behaviors When Performing a Difficult Precise Visual Task in Upright Stance
Authors: Bonnet Cédrick T. , Szaffarczyk Sébastien , Baudry Stéphane 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPrevious works usually report greater postural stability in precise visual tasks (e.g., gaze‐shift tasks) than in stationary‐gaze tasks. However, existing cognitive models do not fully support these results as they assume that performing an attention‐demanding task while standing would alter postural stability because of the competition of attention between the tasks. Contrary to these cognitive models, attentional resources may increase to create a synergy between visual and postural brain processes to perform precise oculomotor behaviors. To test this hypothesis, we investigated a difficult searching task and a control free‐viewing task. The precise visual task required the 16 young participants to find a target in densely furnished images. The free‐viewing task consisted of looking at similar images without searching anything. As expected, the participants exhibited significantly lower body displacements (linear, angular) and a significantly higher cognitive workload in the precise visual task than in the free‐viewing task. Most important, our exploration showed functional synergies between visual and postural processes in the searching task, that is, significant negative relationships showing lower head and neck displacements to reach more expended zones of fixation. These functional synergies seemed to involve a greater attentional demand because they were not significant anymore when the cognitive workload was controlled (partial correlations). In the free‐viewing task, only significant positive relationships were found and they did not involve any change in cognitive workload. An alternative cognitive model and its potential subtended neuroscientific circuit are proposed to explain the supposedly cognitively grounded functional nature of vision–posture synergies in precise visual tasks.