bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the implicit component of visuomotor rotation learning by constraining movement preparation time
Authors: Leow Li-Ann , Gunn Reece , Marinovic Welber , Carroll Timothy J 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWhen sensory feedback is perturbed, accurate movement is restored by a combination of implicit processes and deliberate re-aiming to strategically compensate for errors. Here, we directly compare two methods used previously to dissociate implicit from explicit learning on a trial-by-trial basis: 1) asking participants to report the direction that they aim their movements, and contrasting this with the directions of the target and the movement that they actually produce, 2) manipulating movement preparation time. By instructing participants to re-aim without a sensory perturbation, we show that re-aiming is possible even with the shortest possible preparation times, particularly when targets are narrowly distributed. Nonetheless, re-aiming is effortful and comes at the cost of increased variability, so we tested whether constraining preparation time is sufficient to suppress strategic re-aiming during adaptation to visuomotor rotation with a broad target distribution. The rate and extent of error reduction under preparation time constraints were similar to estimates of implicit learning obtained from self-report without time pressure, suggesting that participants chose not to apply a re-aiming strategy to correct visual errors under time pressure. Surprisingly, participants who reported aiming directions showed less implicit learning according to an alternative measure, obtained during trials performed without visual feedback. This suggests that the process of reporting can affect the extent or persistence of implicit learning. The data extend existing evidence that restricting preparation time can suppress explicit re-aiming, and provide an estimate of implicit visuomotor rotation learning that does not require participants to report their aiming directions.New and NoteworthyDuring sensorimotor adaptation, implicit, error-driven learning can be isolated from explicit strategy-driven re-aiming by subtracting self-reported aiming directions from movement directions, or by restricting movement preparation time. Here, we compared the two methods. Restricting preparation times did not eliminate re-aiming, but was sufficient to suppress reaiming during adaptation with widely-distributed targets. The self-report method produced a discrepancy in implicit learning estimated by subtracting aiming directions, and implicit learning measured in no-feedback trials.
Fidelity of parent-offspring transmission and the evolution of social behavior in structured populations
Authors: Débarre F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe theoretical investigation of how spatial structure affects the evolution of social behavior has mostly been done under the assumption that parent-offspring strategy transmission is perfect,i.e., for genetically transmitted traits, that mutation is very weak or absent. Here, we investigate the evolution of social behavior in structured populations under arbitrary mutation probabilities. We consider populations of fixed sizeN, structured such that in the absence of selection, all individuals have the same probability of reproducing or dying (neutral reproductive values are the all same). Two types of individuals,AandB, corresponding to two types of social behavior, are competing; the fidelity of strategy transmission from parent to offspring is tuned by a parameterμ. Social interactions have a direct effect on individual fecundities. Under the assumption of small phenotypic differences (implyingweak selection), we provide a formula for the expected frequency of typeAindividuals in the population, and deduce conditions for the long-term success of one strategy against another. We then illustrate our results with three common life-cycles (Wright-Fisher, Moran Birth-Death and Moran Death-Birth), and specific population structures (graph-structured populations). Qualitatively, we find that some life-cycles (Moran Birth-Death, Wright-Fisher) prevent the evolution of altruistic behavior, confirming previous results obtained with perfect strategy transmission. We also show that computing the expected frequency of altruists on a regular graph may require knowing more than just the graph’s size and degree.
Stakeholder analysis for Lean Six Sigma project management
Authors: Elias Arun Abraham 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to illustrate the usefulness of stakeholder analysis for managing Lean Six Sigma (LSS) projects effectively.

Design/methodology/approach
This research is based on an LSS case study that was initiated in a New Zealand public sector organisation.

Findings
A ten-step stakeholder analysis framework was applied to a public sector organisation in New Zealand. This analysis identified the stakeholders and their stakes, analysed the efficiency of their stakeholder management processes and evaluated the effectiveness of transactions between the stakeholders and the LSS project management. It also captured the changing salience of stakeholders during an LSS project.

Practical implications
The stakeholder analysis framework illustrated in this paper provides a practical toolset for managers involved in LSS projects.

Originality/value
Although some LSS experts have conducted a preliminary stakeholder analysis, the LSS literature lacks concrete examples of a thorough stakeholder analysis. This study tries to address this research gap by illustrating a stakeholder analysis framework for a New Zealand-based LSS project.
Relationship between electronic journal downloads and citations in library consortia
Authors: Singson Mangkhollen , Thiyagarajan S. , Leeladharan M. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between electronic journal downloads and citations and whether online electronic resource usage can be adopted as an alternative to citation for evaluation of scholarly discourse.

Design/methodology/approach
A consolidated 16 publishers’ COUNTER usage data of UGC-Infonet members was collected from INFLIBNET Centre. The usage was meticulously filtered from UGC-subscribed journals and institutional subscriptions. The quantitative data were analysed to establish the relationship between download, impact factor (IF) and price. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the influence of price and IF on usage and to predict the usage when they are known and the threshold for significance was set at p < 0.05.

Findings
There exists a relationship between IF and downloads of journals in UGC-Infonet. Journal IF and price significantly influence usage, where journal IF plays an important role in the intensity of the use. Also, the top 25 hottest downloaded papers were journals with IF; hence, no journal without IF featured in the top 25 most downloaded journals in the consortia. The relationship between the top 25 IF journals in the consortia and download is strong (r = 0.368537).

Originality/value
The only account that reports on the relationship between journal IFs and downloads for UGC-Infonet consortia. Also, the influence of usage behaviour with respect to citation and price of a journal.
Surpassing the business model: a public sphere approach to public library management
Authors: Koizumi Masanori , Widdersheim Michael M. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare the characteristics of the public sphere with those of a shared value approach and better understand the value that public libraries can offer to management theory.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses two methods. First, this study uses a systematic literature review to identify sources relevant to shared value and the public sphere in public libraries. Next, this study uses comparative theoretical analysis using data gathered from the systematic review to analyse the two theories.

Findings
This study successfully describes the similarities and differences between “shared value” and the “public sphere in public libraries”.

Originality/value
This study elucidates public library innovation from the perspectives of library management and the public sphere concept.
Livedoid vasculopathy and popliteal artery occlusion in a patient with protein S deficiency
Authors: Nakayama Takayuki , Mizutani Kentaro , Hanamura Ichiro , Kato Hidefumi , Takami Akiyoshi , Takeshita Kyosuke , Watanabe Daisuke 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLivedoid vasculopathy (LV) is a chronic disease with recurrent reticularis and ulcers, mainly affecting the feet and lower legs. The pathogenesis of LV has not been yet thoroughly understood, but thrombosis is thought to play a major role because fibrin deposition within both the wall and lumen of affected vessels is pathologically detected. A 68‐year‐old woman first presented to our hospital in 2004 with a 6‐year history of a reticular rash and ulceration on the lower legs. Screening tests for vasculitis and collagen disease were mostly normal, leading to diagnosis of LV. After failed treatment with steroid and aspirin, she was started on warfarin, to which she had a favorable response. However, she had to be admitted to the hospital because complication of swelling and infection in her left lower leg in 2004 + 10. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed thrombosis in the left popliteal artery. Screening tests for thrombotic tendency revealed that protein S activity was low (27%) although total protein S antigen was within normal range (73%). Analysis of protein S‐alpha gene revealed 155 Lys>Glu mutation in exon VI, which was reported in 1994 and named as protein S Tokushima. Thus, we conclude that protein S deficiency could contribute to LV.
Flammability as an ecological and evolutionary driver
Authors: Pausas Juli G. , Keeley Jon E. , Schwilk Dylan W. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryWe live on a flammable planet yet there is little consensus on the origin and evolution of flammability in our flora.We argue that part of the problem lies in the concept of flammability, which should not be viewed as a single quantitative trait or metric. Rather, we propose that flammability has three major dimensions that are not necessarily correlated: ignitability, heat release and fire spread rate. These major axes of variation are controlled by different plant traits and have differing ecological impacts during fire.At the individual plant scale, these traits define three flammability strategies observed in fire‐prone ecosystems: the non‐flammable, the fast‐flammable and the hot‐flammable strategy (with low ignitability, high flame spread rate and high heat release, respectively). These strategies increase the survival or reproduction under recurrent fires, and thus, plants in fire‐prone ecosystems benefit from acquiring one of them; they represent different (alternative) ways to live under recurrent fires.Synthesis. This novel framework based on different flammability strategies helps us to understand variability in flammability across scales, and provides a basis for further research.
To what extent does diagnosis matter? Dementia diagnosis, trouble interpretation and caregiving network dynamics
Authors: Brossard Baptiste , Carpentier Normand 
Published: October 2016

AbstractContemporary research into health treats diagnosis as a central step in illness management and trajectories. Most public health policies, especially in the case of Alzheimer’s disease, claim that the earlier a diagnosis is made, the better it is for patients and caregivers. Quantitative and qualitative analysis from our longitudinal interview study, conducted with 60 caregivers of persons diagnosed with dementia, shows that this usual model of diagnosis [symptoms → diagnosis → meaning and caregiving] should be nuanced. First, diagnosis does not follow increased symptoms, but occurs rather through a process involving the observability of patients’ troubles and their interpretation of said troubles as requiring medical assistance ‐the ‘trouble?observability?interpretation convergence.’ Second, diagnosis does not systematically trigger the mobilisation of a caregiving network: such mobilisation may follow the diagnosis, but it can also provoke it, temporarily prevent it, or have no immediate impact. These observations beg the question: To what extent does diagnosis matter? We conclude by questioning the centrality of diagnosis in the illness trajectories and its crucial role in the mobilisation of a caregiving network, that is often taken for granted, and propose to distinguish between ‘anticipation diagnosis’ and ‘emergency diagnosis’.
Avoiding the ‘SoHo Effect’ in Baltimore: Neighborhood Revitalization and Arts and Entertainment Districts
Authors: Rich Meghan Ashlin , Tsitsos William 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article investigates how state‐sponsored ‘arts and cultural districts' and ‘creative placemaking' revitalization strategies affect urban neighborhoods, using the Station North Arts & Entertainment (A&E) District in Baltimore, Maryland (USA) as a case study. Through ethnographic participatory methods and 39 qualitative interviews, we studied the activities and attitudes of various stakeholders within Station North. Since its designation as an arts and entertainment district in 2002, a number of public–private partnerships have helped increase home values in Station North, suggesting that the ‘branding' of Station North has been successful. While the institutions involved in the district, including community development corporations and local universities, are careful to insist that they do not want to displace low‐income residents, many interviewees expressed concerns that these institutions exert influence outweighing that of longtime residents. While a certain level of gentrification has occurred with the arrival of new residents, we argue that the people who are most likely to be displaced from the arts and entertainment district in the future are, paradoxically, artists, especially those who wish to buy homes and settle in the district. After discussing the case of Station North, we consider broader implications of the use of arts for urban revitalization.
An economic evaluation of planned immediate versus delayed birth for preterm prelabour rupture of membranes: findings from the PPROMT randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lain SJ , Roberts CL , Bond DM , Smith J , Morris JM 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveThis study is an economic evaluation of immediate birth compared with expectant management in women with preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes near term (PPROMT).DesignA cost‐effectiveness analysis alongside the PPROMT randomised controlled trial.SettingObstetric departments in 65 hospitals across 11 countries.PopulationWomen with a singleton pregnancy with ruptured membranes between 34+0 and 36+6 weeks gestation.MethodsWomen were randomly allocated to immediate birth or expectant management. Costs to the health system were identified and valued. National hospital costing data from both the UK and Australia were used. Average cost per recruit in each arm was calculated and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using bootstrap re‐sampling. Averages costs during antenatal care, delivery and postnatal care, and by country were estimated.Main outcomes measuresTotal mean cost difference between immediate birth and expectant management arms of the trial.ResultsFrom 11 countries 923 women were randomised to immediate birth and 912 were randomised to expectant management. Total mean costs per recruit were £8852 for immediate birth and £8740 for expectant delivery resulting in a mean difference in costs of £112 (95% CI: −431 to 662). The expectant management arm had significantly higher antenatal costs, whereas the immediate birth arm had significantly higher delivery and neonatal costs. There was large variation between total mean costs by country.ConclusionThis economic evaluation found no evidence that expectant management was more or less costly than immediate birth. Outpatient management may offer opportunities for cost savings for those women with delayed delivery.Tweetable abstractFor women with preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes, the relative benefits and harms of immediate and expectant management should inform counselling as costs are similar.
Medical therapies for heavy menstrual bleeding in women with uterine fibroids: a retrospective analysis of a large commercially insured population in the USA
Authors: Yao X , Stewart EA , Laughlin‐Tommaso SK , Heien HC , Borah BJ 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo report patterns and patient characteristics associated with initiation of and persistence with medical therapies for uterine fibroid‐related heavy menstrual bleeding.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUS commercial insurance claims database.Population41 561 women aged 18–54 years with uterine fibroids and heavy menstrual bleeding who initiated medical therapies from January 2000 through December 2013.MethodMultinomial logistic regression was used to assess patient characteristics associated with initiation and persistence. Cox proportional hazards regression was used on propensity score‐matched cohorts to examine change from index medication.Main outcomes measuresInitiation of and persistence with four first‐line medical therapies: short‐ and long‐acting reversible contraceptive steroids, leuprolide acetate, and tranexamic acid.ResultsMost women (79.4%) took short‐acting reversible contraceptive steroids as first‐line therapy (index medication), whereas 9.5%, 8.5%, and 2.7% used long‐acting reversible contraceptive steroids, leuprolide acetate, and tranexamic acid, respectively. During follow‐up, 16 594 women (39.9%) switched to nonindex medication (18.4%) or procedural treatment (81.6%). In comparison with women taking short‐acting steroids, those receiving long‐acting steroids were less likely to switch [hazard ratio (HR) 0.84, 95% CI 0.79–0.91], whereas women taking leuprolide acetate (HR 2.44, 95% CI 2.27–2.62) or tranexamic acid (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.26–1.65) were more likely to switch. Older age, emergency department visits, anaemia, and inflammatory disease diagnoses at baseline were associated with increased probability of discontinuing the index medication or switching to another therapy.ConclusionsWomen with uterine fibroid‐related heavy menstrual bleeding were more likely to persist with their initial therapy of long‐acting reversible contraceptive steroid compared with other medical options.Tweetable Abstract80% women with fibroid‐related heavy menstrual bleeding use SARC, but LARC users are more persistent.
Devising Strategic Plans to improve Organizational Performance of Intergovernmental Organizations
Authors: Federo Ryan , Saz‐Carranza Angel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article discusses how intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) can use different strategic planning approaches in devising strategic plans to improve organizational performance. Six strategic planning approaches from the business sector are highlighted in this study. Each of the strategic planning approaches specifically addresses a core aspect of the strategic planning process. Thus, this article posits that an IGO must choose the most appropriate strategic planning approach depending on its specific organizational design features: membership, control, scope, centralization, flexibility, and independence. We argue that an IGO's design features affect its decision‐making, organizational performance orientation, and legitimacy, and these, in turn should determine whether it opts for member‐driven, results‐driven, or environment‐driven strategies. This article also explores how IGOs can complementary combine distinct approaches to maximize the benefits from strategic planning by determining how one approach compensates the limitation of another in devising strategic plans. This article ultimately produces a framework to provide propositions for researchers, and a tool for IGO leaders to identify the optimum strategic planning approach to help improve organizational performance.
Analysis of clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐positive and surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tao Hong , Cai Yiran , Shi Liang , Tang Junfang , Liu Zhidong , Wang Zitong , Bai Lianqi , Liu Zhe 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundRecent research into lung cancer‐related driver genes has identified a distinctive molecular subtype of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) – anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive NSCLC. We evaluated the clinical features and survival rates of ALK‐positive lung adenocarcinoma patients who had undergone surgery but had not received ALK inhibitor therapy, along with the characteristics of patients with distant metastases.MethodsClinical data of 40 patients with ALK‐positive, postsurgical lung adenocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Relationships between the patients’ clinical characteristics, distant metastases, and their disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were assessed.ResultsMost patients were relatively young, never‐smokers, had peripheral tumors, and the tumors were either moderately or poorly differentiated. The most common organ of distant metastases was the brain. The median time from surgery to brain metastasis was 17.2 months. The median OS following brain metastasis was 9.4 months. DFS in patients with early stage disease, peripheral tumors, no lymph node metastases, and treated with adjuvant therapy was significantly longer than for those with late stage disease (P = 0.015), central tumors (P = 0.000), lymph node metastases (P = 0.026), and not treated with adjuvant therapy (P = 0.000). Patients with early stage disease, peripheral tumors, and treated with adjuvant therapy obtained markedly longer OS than those with late stage disease (P = 0.021), central tumors (P = 0.003), and not treated with adjuvant therapy (P = 0.006).ConclusionPatients with ALK‐positive surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma have distinctive clinical characteristics. The brain is the most common site of extrapulmonary metastasis. Survival is associated with stage, tumor location, and the administration of adjuvant therapy.