bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplate deformation at early‐stage oblique subduction: 3‐D thermomechanical numerical modeling
Authors: Malatesta Cristina , Gerya Taras , Crispini Laura , Federico Laura , Capponi Giovanni 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOblique subduction zones are complex settings where the simultaneous action of trench‐normal and trench‐parallel components of convergence can produce heterogeneous deformational pattern of the upper plate and affect the accretional/erosional behavior of the plate margin. Here we present three‐dimensional thermomechanical numerical models that highlight some processes occurring in the early history (15–20 Myr) of intraoceanic oblique subduction zones, which so far represent the less studied case. These models have been compared with a simulation of a slab sinking under a continental plate. We test subduction starting in oceans floored by two classes of lithosphere: layered (fast spreading oceans) and serpentinite rich (slow to ultraslow spreading oceans). Two main domains develop along the margin of both type of oceanic plates: (a) a domain with a mostly stable trench, a shortening upper plate, characterized by the formation of a topographic relief, and (b) a domain with retreating trench and extending upper plate. In general, we observed that varying the subduction obliquity, the margin could either (i) record an erosional to a balanced accretion/erosion regime or (ii) be characterized by a predominant balanced accretion/erosion regime. In both cases, even where the sediment amount in the trench is high, the upper plate experiences tectonic erosion. We suggest that the formation of topographic reliefs on the fore arc is possibly related to the low amount of sediment in the trench, affecting interplate friction and promoting the upper plate indentation against the slab. The Puysegur subduction zone and the central Andes can be possibly natural examples of such a regime.
China's Banking Sector as the Foundation of Financial Reform
Authors: Hsu Sara 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChina is in the process of undertaking financial reform in many directions—introducing small private banks in the banking sector, promoting bond and equity finance, increasing exchange rate and capital account liberalization, enhancing financial regulation, and promoting the efficiency and scope of finance. While some foreign analysts have focused on the importance of liberalizing the exchange rate and capital account, we believe these aspects of reform take second priority to traditional banking reform, even though the ongoing process in practice is to slowly implement reforms in all areas at once.
Australia in the Asian Century
Authors: Henry Ken 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe White Paper on Australia in the Asian Century, published in 2012, argued that fundamental policy and attitudinal changes would be required if Australia were to make the most of the opportunities presented by the Asian century. The White Paper presented a challenge to the core narrative that had galvanised support for two decades of economic reforms in Australia, commencing in the early 1980s. The challenge was intended to re‐energise a reform effort that had run out of steam. But Australian policy makers have ignored the White Paper.The core economic policy narrative that motivated Australian economic reforms of the 1980s and 1990s might be labelled Australian mercantilism. The narrative's focus on something called ‘international competitiveness’, and especially its narrow interpretation in the form of the real exchange rate, was bound to generate a policy conundrum when, in the first decade of this century, Australia's terms of trade started to accelerate.Australia's success in the Asian century calls for further investments in national capability: the development of collaborative business relationships with Asian partners; a strong contribution to sustainable security in the region; and deep and enduring people‐to‐people links across a broad sweep of human activity – commercial, social, cultural and political.
Whole exome sequencing reveals EP300 mutation in mildly affected female: expansion of the spectrum
Authors: Sellars Elizabeth A. , Sullivan Bonnie R. , Schaefer G. Bradley 
Published: June 2016

Key Clinical MessageRubinstein–Taybi syndrome is associated with intellectual and physical features. CREBBP and EP300 are causative. Few cases of EP300 mutations are reported. We report a case with mild features of RSTS and EP300 mutation on exome sequencing. This illustrates the utility of exome sequencing to expand every genetic phenotype.
Retinal ganglion cell topography and spatial resolving power in African megachiropterans: Influence of roosting microhabitat and foraging
Authors: Coimbra João Paulo , Pettigrew John D. , Kaswera‐Kyamakya Consolate , Gilissen Emmanuel , Collin Shaun P. , Manger Paul R. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTMegachiropteran bats (megabats) show remarkable diversity in microhabitat occupation and trophic specializations, but information on how vision relates to their behavioral ecology is scarce. Using stereology and retinal wholemounts, we measured the topographic distribution of retinal ganglion cells and determined the spatial resolution of eight African megachiropterans with distinct roosting and feeding ecologies. We found that species roosting in open microhabitats have a pronounced streak of high retinal ganglion cell density, whereas those favoring more enclosed microhabitats have a less pronounced streak (or its absence in Hypsignathus monstrosus). An exception is the cave‐dwelling Rousettus aegyptiacus, which has a pronounced horizontal streak that potentially correlates with its occurrence in more open environments during foraging. In all species, we found a temporal area with maximum retinal ganglion cell density (∼5,000–7,000 cells/mm2) that affords enhanced resolution in the frontal visual field. Our estimates of spatial resolution based on peak retinal ganglion cell density and eye size (∼6–12 mm in axial length) range between ∼2 and 4 cycles/degree. Species that occur in more enclosed microhabitats and feed on plant material have lower spatial resolution (∼2 cycles/degree) compared with those that roost in open and semiopen areas (∼3–3.8 cycles/degree). We suggest that the larger eye and concomitant higher spatial resolution (∼4 cycles/degree) in H. monstrosus may have facilitated the carnivorous aspect of its diet. In conclusion, variations in the topographic organization and magnitude of retinal ganglion density reflect the specific ecological needs to detect food/predators and the structural complexity of the environments. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:186–203, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Defense against malicious URL spreading in micro‐blog network with hub nodes
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Feng , Yang Yang , Xu Jiuyun , Zou Pingjun , Wang Yiwen 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe micro‐blog network is one of the most popular social networking platforms. By calculating the degree centrality, we found that hub nodes play an important role in micro‐blog networks, which is the main power of message forwarding. To improve the security of the micro‐blog network, we proposed a defending scheme against malicious Uniform Resource Locator (URL) diffusing in micro‐blog networks with hub nodes. After a node found a new malicious URL, it will edit a warning massage about the malicious URL. If the normal node obtains malicious URL warning message, it will send private message with the warning message to the hub node and update its blog article. The malicious URL warning messages spread rapidly in the whole networks in a short period because of the influence of Hub nodes. At the same time, we add the comparison mechanism to reduce the redundancy of spreading the warning message in the networks. So the security of entire micro‐blog networks can be improved against malicious URL without increasing the network load. Experiments show that our scheme can effectively defend against the malicious URL in the any scale of micro‐blog networks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Inference‐Based Approach (IBA) to the Treatment of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: An Open Trial Across Symptom Subtypes and Treatment‐Resistant Cases
Authors: Aardema Frederick , O`Connor Kieron P. , Delorme Marie‐Eve , Audet Jean‐Sebastien 
Published: June 2016

The current open trial evaluated an inference‐based approach (IBA) to the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) across symptom subtypes and treatment‐resistant cases. Following formal diagnosis through semi‐structured interview by an independent evaluator, a total of 125 OCD participants across five major symptom subtypes entered a program of 24 sessions of treatment based on the IBA. An additional group of 22 participants acted as a natural wait‐list control group. Participants were administered the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale before and after treatment as the principal outcome measure, as well as measures of negative mood states, inferential confusion and obsessive beliefs. Level of overvalued ideation was assessed clinically at pre‐treatment using the Overvalued Ideation Scale. After 24 weeks of treatment, 102 treatment completers across all major subtypes of OCD showed significant reductions on the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale with effect sizes ranging from 1.49 to 2.53 with a clinically significant improvement in 59.8% of participants. No improvement was observed in a natural wait‐list comparison group. In addition, IBA was effective for those with high levels of overvalued ideation. Change in inferential confusion and beliefs about threat and responsibility were uniquely associated with treatment outcome. The study is the first large‐scale open trial showing IBA to be effective across symptom subtypes and treatment‐resistant cases. The treatment may be particularly valuable for those who have previously shown an attenuated response to other treatments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Psychological treatment based on the inference‐based approach is an effective treatment for all major subtypes of obsessive–compulsive disorder.
The treatment is equally effective for those with high and low levels of overvalued ideation.
Treatment based on the inference‐based approach may be particularly valuable for those who have shown an attenuated response to cognitive–behaviour therapy as usual.
An amperometric lactate biosensor based on lactate dehydrogenase immobilized onto graphene oxide nanoparticles‐modified pencil graphite electrode
Authors: Batra Bhawna , Narwal Vinay , Pundir Chandra S. 
Published: June 2016

A novel amperometric lactate biosensor was developed based on immobilization of lactate dehydrogenase onto graphene oxide nanoparticles‐decorated pencil graphite electrode. The enzyme electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and cyclic voltammetry at different stages of its construction. The biosensor showed optimum response within 5 s at pH 7.3 (0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer) and 35°C, when operated at 0.7 V. The biosensor exhibited excellent sensitivity (detection limit as low as 0.1 μM), fast response time (5 s), and wider linear range (5–50 mM). Analytical recovery of added lactic acid in serum was between 95.81–97.87% and within‐batch and between‐batch coefficients of variation were 5.04 and 5.40%, respectively. There was a good correlation between serum lactate values obtained by standard colorimetric method and the present biosensor (r = 0.99). The biosensor measured lactate levels in sera of apparently healthy subjects and persons suffering from lactate acidosis and other biological materials (milk, curd, yogurt, beer, white wine, and red wine). The enzyme electrode lost 25% of its initial activity after 60 days of its regular uses, when stored dry at 4°C.
Evaluation of fire performance of organic fire retardant free acrylic based coatings applied on various building materials by cone calorimetric method
Authors: De Silva Karnika , Ray Sudip , Blache Robert , Taylor Mark 
Published: June 2016

SummaryFire performance of water‐based plaster systems containing acrylic copolymer binder and non‐flammable mineral and ceramic fillers intended for decorative coating application was determined by cone calorimetric method. The coatings were applied on common building substrate materials used in construction sector, namely, Medium Density Fibre (MDF) boards, Gypsum Boards (GIB) and Stainless Steel (SS), and the different plaster finishes attempted on these substrates were Tierrafino, Suave and Bone China respectively. Group numbers of the different test samples were also evaluated following the Kokkala method. Based on various measurements, especially heat release, smoke evolution, mass loss data and the Group number estimates, it is evident that these organic fire retardant free coatings can offer good fire safety if applied on appropriate substrates like GIB or SS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced osteoprogenitor elongated collagen fiber matrix formation by bioactive glass ionic silicon dependent on Sp7 (osterix) transcription
Authors: Varanasi Venu G. , Odatsu Tetsurou , Bishop Timothy , Chang Joyce , Owyoung Jeremy , Loomer Peter M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBioactive glasses release ions, those enhance osteoblast collagen matrix synthesis and osteogenic marker expression during bone healing. Collagen matrix density and osteogenic marker expression depend on osteogenic transcription factors, (e.g., Osterix (OSX)). We hypothesize that enhanced expression and formation of collagen by Si4+ depends on enhanced expression of OSX transcription. Experimental bioactive glass (6P53‐b) and commercial BioglassTM (45S5) were dissolved in basal medium to make glass conditioned medium (GCM). ICP‐MS analysis was used to measure bioactive glass ion release rates. MC3T3‐E1 cells were cultured for 20 days, and gene expression and extracellular matrix collagen formation was analyzed. In a separate study, siRNA was used to determine the effect of OSX knockdown on impacting the effect of Si4+ on osteogenic markers and matrix collagen formation. Each bioactive glass exhibited similar ion release rates for all ions, except Mg2+ released by 6P53‐b. Gene expression results showed that GCM markedly enhanced many osteogenic markers, and 45S5 GCM showed higher levels of expression and collagen matrix fiber bundle density than 6P53‐b GCM. Upon knockdown of OSX transcription, collagen type 5, alkaline phosphatase, and matrix density were not enhanced as compared to wild type cells. This study illustrates that the enhancement of elongated collagen fiber matrix formation by Si± depends on OSX transcription. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2604–2615, 2016.
Protection of Vine Plants against Esca Disease by Breathable Electrospun Antifungal Nonwovens
Authors: Buchholz Viola , Molnar Melanie , Wang Hui , Reich Steffen , Agarwal Seema , Fischer Michael , Greiner Andreas 
Published: June 2016

The harmful Esca disease in vine plants caused by wood‐inhabiting fungi including Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch) is spreading all across the world. This disease leads to poor vine crops and a slow decline or to a sudden dieback of the vine plants. The pruning wounds of vine plants are the main entry point for Pch. While model experiments with aerosol particles recommend electrospun nonwovens as a suitable barrier to block Pch, tests with living spores show clearly that only electrospun fibrous nonwovens do not prevent Pch invasion. However it is found, that with antifungal additives electrospun nonwovens could be applied successfully for blocking of Pch to infect the substrate. Thereby, a highly useful concept for the protection of vine plants against Esca disease is provided which could also serve as a concept for related plant diseases.
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Low Molecular Weight Gelators Bearing Electroactive Groups as Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhong , Fujisawa Seiya , Suzuki Masahiro , Hanabusa Kenji 
Published: June 2016

SummaryLow molecular weight gelators bearing 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐piperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) were synthesized and demonstrated to have reversible electrochemical redox properties. The gelation tests showed that the compounds have excellent gelation properties in γ‐butyrolactone and propylene carbonate. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed the 3D network fibrous structure with an average diameter of 20–50 nm. Fast and reversible charge storage capabilities were established for the gelators, with an average output voltage of 4.8 V.
Quantitative and textural analysis of magnetization transfer and diffusion images in the early detection of brain metastases
Authors: Ainsworth Nicola L. , McLean Mary A. , McIntyre Dominick J.O. , Honess Davina J. , Brown Anna M. , Harden Susan V , Griffiths John R. 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe sensitivity of the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for early detection of brain metastases was investigated in mice and humans.MethodsMice underwent MRI twice weekly for up to 31 d following intracardiac injection of the brain‐homing breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB231‐BR. Patients with small cell lung cancer underwent quarterly MRI for 1 year. MTR and ADC were measured in regions of metastasis and matched contralateral tissue at the final time point and in registered regions at earlier time points. Texture analysis and linear discriminant analysis were performed to detect metastasis‐containing slices.ResultsCompared with contralateral tissue, mouse metastases had significantly lower MTR and higher ADC at the final time point. Some lesions were visible at earlier time points on the MTR and ADC maps: 24% of these were not visible on corresponding T2‐weighted images. Texture analysis using the MTR maps showed 100% specificity and 98% sensitivity for metastasis at the final time point, with 77% sensitivity 2–4 d earlier and 46% 5–8 d earlier. Only 2 of 16 patients developed metastases, and their penultimate scans were normal.ConclusionsSome brain metastases may be detected earlier on MTR than conventional T2; however, the small gain is unlikely to justify “predictive” MRI. Magn Reson Med 77:1987–1995, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Next‐generation sequencing identifies high frequency of mutations in potentially clinically actionable genes in sebaceous carcinoma
Authors: Tetzlaff Michael T , Singh Rajesh R , Seviour Elena G , Curry Jonathan L , Hudgens Courtney W , Bell Diana , Wimmer Daniel A , Ning Jing , Czerniak Bogdan A , Zhang Li , Davies Michael A , Prieto Victor G , Broaddus Russell R , Ram Prahlad , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Esmaeli Bita 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy with frequent recurrence and metastases. Surgery is the mainstay of therapy, but effective systemic therapies are lacking because the molecular alterations driving SC remain poorly understood. To identify these, we performed whole‐exome next‐generation sequencing of 409 cancer‐associated genes on 27 SCs (18 primary/locally recurrent ocular, 5 paired metastatic ocular, and 4 primary extraocular) from 20 patients. In ocular SC, we identified 139 non‐synonymous somatic mutations (median/lesion 3; range 0–23). Twenty‐five of 139 mutations (18%) occurred in potentially clinically actionable genes in 6 of 16 patients. The most common mutations were mutations in TP53 (n = 9), RB1 (n = 6), PIK3CA (n = 2), PTEN (n = 2), ERBB2 (n = 2), and NF1 (n = 2). TP53 and RB1 mutations were restricted to ocular SC and correlated with aberrant TP53 and RB protein expression. Systematic pathway analyses demonstrated convergence of these mutations to activation of the PI3K signalling cascade, and PI3K pathway activation was confirmed in tumours with PTEN and/or PIK3CA mutations. Considerable inter‐tumoural heterogeneity was observed between paired primary and metastatic ocular SCs. In primary extraocular SC, we identified 77 non‐synonymous somatic mutations (median/lesion 22.5; range 3–29). This overall higher mutational load was attributed to a microsatellite instability phenotype in three of four patients and somatically acquired mutations in mismatch repair genes in two of four patients. Eighteen of 77 mutations (23%) were in potentially clinically actionable genes in three of four patients, including BTK, FGFR2, PDGFRB, HRAS, and NF1 mutations. Identification of potentially clinically actionable mutations in 9 of 20 SC patients (45%) underscores the importance of next‐generation sequencing to expand the spectrum of genotype‐matched targeted therapies. Frequent activation of PI3K signalling pathways provides a strong rationale for application of mTOR inhibitors in the management of this disease. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structure of the N‐terminal domain of human SIRT7 reveals a three‐helical domain architecture
Authors: Priyanka Anu , Solanki Vipul , Parkesh Raman , Thakur Krishan Gopal 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTHuman SIRT7 is an NAD+ dependent deacetylase, which belongs to sirtuin family of proteins. SIRT7, like other sirtuins has conserved catalytic domain and is flanked by N‐ and C‐terminal domains reported to play vital functional roles. Here, we report the crystal structure of the N‐terminal domain of human SIRT7 (SIRT7NTD) at 2.3 Å resolution as MBP‐SIRT7NTD fusion protein. SIRT7NTD adopts three‐helical domain architecture and comparative structural analyses suggest similarities to some DNA binding motifs and transcription regulators. We also report here the importance of N‐ and C‐terminal domains in soluble expression of SIRT7. Proteins 2016; 84:1558–1563. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroxycarbonylation of Aryl Halides with the in‐situ Generation of CO and H2O
Authors: Li Chong‐Liang , Qi Xinxin , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn interesting palladium‐catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation of aryl halides with the in‐situ generation of CO and H2O has been developed. CO was in‐situ generated from formic acid with acetic anhydride as the activator and H2O was in‐situ generated from acetic acid and alcohol esterification. A variety of benzoic acid derivatives were produced in moderate to good yields from the corresponding aryl halides. No additional water addition is required during the whole process.
Caloric Restriction Normalizes Obesity‐Induced Alterations on Regulators of Skeletal Muscle Growth Signaling
Authors: Dungan Cory M. , Li Ji , Williamson David L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to establish the impact of caloric restriction on high fat diet‐induced alterations on regulators of skeletal muscle growth. We hypothesized that caloric restriction would reverse the negative effects of high fat diet‐induced obesity on REDD1 and mTOR‐related signaling. Following an initial 8 week period of HF diet‐induced obesity, caloric restriction (CR ~30 %) was employed while mice continued to consume either a low (LF) or high fat (HF) diet for 8 weeks. Western analysis of skeletal muscle showed that CR reduced (p < 0.05) the obesity‐related effects on the lipogenic protein, SREBP1. Likewise, CR reduced (p < 0.05) the obesity‐related effects on the hyperactivation of mTORC1 and ERK1/2 signaling to levels comparable to the LF mice. CR also reduced (p < 0.05) obesity‐induced expression of negative regulators of growth, REDD1 and cleaved caspase 3. These findings have implications for on the reversibility of dysregulated growth signaling in obese skeletal muscle, using short‐term caloric restriction.