bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflection of the Nominal Classification in Manden and South-Western Maude Languages: The Connection Category
Authors: Vydrin V. F. 
Published: November 2016

Résumé
Vers la fin des années 70 on a mis en doute l’avis d’une absense originelle des classes nominales dans les langues Mandé. Le fondement de ces doutes était la présence d’un groupe de substantifs en Manding (surtout en Bamana) à consonnes initiales prénasalisées; tous ces substantifs se caractérisent par une sémantique spécifique.
Une analyse plus minutieuse des données des langues Manding, et aussi du materiel de langues du sous-groupe Mandé Sud-Ouest, nous permet de proposer la réconstruction de trois marques de classes en Pra-Mandé - *n1 -(apparemment, à ton haut), *n1 -...-NDIN ou *n1 -..,-NDIGI et *n2 -(apparemment, à ton bas). On peut considérer comme encore une marque do classe - morphème zéro *⌀-.
L’auteur présente une reconstruction du système des consonnes initiales du Pra-Sud- Ouest Mandé, en tenant compte des marques des classes indiquées. Il montre les voies do son évolution dans les langues Kpelle, Looma, Bandi, Mendé et Loko.
En conclusion l’auteur fournit une liste de mots, pour lesquels on peut proposer la reconstruction du préfixe *n2-en Pra-Sud-Ouest Mandé.
Die Balkanlinguistik und ihre Modelle
Authors: Steinke Klaus 
Published: November 2016

Summary
This short description of the developping consciousness for the necessity of creating solid foundations for balkanlinguistics allows only a rather sketchy outline of the theoretical positions in this field from Kopitar up to our days. The beginnings are marked by the collection of mainly empirical materials without any corresponding explicit theoretical base for it. Trubetzkoy made with his definition of the Sprachbund an important step forward to consolidate the foundations of our discipline. Meanwhile the theoretical base has been enlarged by the contributions of other disciplines, e.g. by the models of convergence, of social networks etc. Borrowing them will not signify the end of balkanlinguistics, which on the contrary shows an openness for new questions.
Semantikforschung in der DDK – Bilanz und Ausblick
Authors: Wotjak Gerd 
Published: November 2016

Résumé
L’article se propose de tracer les lignes principales poursuivies dans la recherche sémantique en R. D. A., vue dans le contexte international et sous la perspective de la sémantique lexicale, de préférence lexicaliste. On n’y signale pas seulement les publications les plus importantes parues pendant les quarante ans passés dés la fondation do la R. D. A., mais l’on essaie aussi d’y faire un bilan des résultats obtenus et des approches favorisées tout en accentuant ce qu’il y a de spécifique, de réussi et de moins réussi dans cette recherche.
Réflexions sur les modifications des principes révolutionnaires de la politique linguistique dans les colonies françaises
Authors: Kremnitz Georg 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Sprachpolitik, die Frankreich im 19. Jh. in den Kolonien betreibt, steht im offenen Widerspruch zu den sprachpolitischen Prinzipien der Revolution. Wenn erst die Beherrschung des Französischen die Beteiligung am gesellschaftlichen Leben ermöglicht, so werden von 1794 und besonders von 1881 an in Frankreich Bildungschancen im Prinzip für alle geschaffen. In den Kolonien Schwarzafrikas dagegen wurde eine halbherzige Bildungspolitik betrieben; die Statistiken belegen, daß nur ein verschwindend kleiner Teil der Afrikaner Schulen besuchte und über den Zugang zum Französischen die Staatsbürgerschaft erlangte, womit die ideologische Motivierung der Kolonialpolitik, die „Zivilisierung“, ad absurdum geführt wurde.
Wortbildungsforschung in der Volksrepublik China
Authors: Richter Gunnar 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The paper describes three aspects of word-formation research in the People’s Republic of China: motives of word-formation research (beside scientific reason mainly practical reasons, like language teaching and setting up of principles for a future phonetic script), problems of the word as the object of word-formation (especially the complex word comprising compounds and derivatives) and problems of the morpheme as the basic unit of word-formation (the two concepts of cisu and yusu; various classifications of morphemes; the question of assigning lexical categories to morphemes). The paper is introduced by a brief historical survey on word-formation research in China beginning at the end of last century and divided into throe periods.
Zur Struktur des Wortes in altaischen Sprachen
Authors: Vietze Hans-Peter 
Published: November 2016

Summary
In continuation of two previous articles in which the word and its semantic structure in Altaic languages were discussed the word is regarded as a set of monemes. This set is dissected in different ways, especially under the aspect of the positional distribution of the monemes. The result is a model in the form of a tree ending in a string. This string reflects the potential morphological structure of any word of an Altaic language.
Die Wortklassen des Bambara: Bestand und Abgrenzung
Authors: Brauner Siegmund 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The article is a revised version of the author’s concept of word classes in Bambara first published in Lehrbuch den Bambara (Leipzig 1974). The problem is also discussed in modern Mande linguistic studies of various authors (Dumestre, Ebermann etc.). Trying to further develop Fries’ concept (The Structure of English, London 1963) of analysing word classes from their grammatical-syntactical distribution, four form classes and seven classes of functional words are recognised in Bambara. In addition to these two groups a third one is postulated: communicative-pragmatic words, which do not have any syntactic function nor do they serve to realise them, they only modify the speech intention and the communication process.
Zur Klassifikation der Wortarten im Koreanischen
Authors: Herrmann Wilfried 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The present paper deals with a classification of the parts of speech of the Korean language giving priority to syntactico-functional and distributional criteria, which is considered as useful for the purpose of foreign language teaching. Primary syntactic functions of the different word classes have been determined and the question of conversion (change of parts of speech) as well as entering of equivocal (homonymous) words or word forms, both of the same origin, into different word classes according to their different syntactic features has been discussed. Furthermore, correlations between syntactically defined word classes and their morphological features have been specified.
As first step, lexical items have been divided into word classes having sentence value and not having sentence value, respectively.
As second step, word classes lacking sentence value have been divided into those capable of functioning as an independent member of sentence and those functioning mainly adjunctionally as constituent of a member of sentence, the former as to their primary or prevailing syntactic functions (i.o. predicates, „actants“, „circonstants“) being subdivided into verbs, nouns and adverbs, respectively, and the latter consisting in adjectives (modifiers).
Word classes endowed with sentence value consist of interjections and modal words.
Morphosyntaktische Probleme der Symbolisierung von Tempus, Modus und Aspekt in den Kreolsprachen der Kapverden und Guinea-Bissaus
Authors: Thiele Petra 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The paper discusses the postulates made by Bickerton 1981 concerning the free occurrence of the TMA-morphemes and their invariant order in creole prototypical verbal systems with respect to Cape Verdian and Guinean Creole. It is argued that both creoles already dispose rather of bound than free morphemes and therefore should no longer be regarded as prototypical but late creoles. Required by the existence of postverbal morphemes in these two creoles an appropriate enlargement of the invariant TMA-morpheme order is proposed.
Chinesische Einflüsse auf die Lexik der Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Krause Erich-Dieter 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The author traces Chinese influence on the Bahasa Indonesia. He lists Chinese loanwords in present-day Indonesian giving etymologies and discussing their assimilation process. The majority of these loans have their origins not in P’u-t’ung-hua but in the dialects of the South Eastern coastal provinces of China: Chekiang, Fukien and Kwangtung.
Especially the dialect of Southern Fukien, also known as Amoy Chinese, had great impact on the language habit of Malay-spenking Chinese settlers in the Indonesian archipelago. Bahasa Indonesia has absorbed a lot of these words which are now being widely used in the present-day spoken language of the Republic of Indonesia.
Sprachkontakt Malagasy - Französisch: Veränderungen im Kontinuum Französisch – madagassische Literatursprache – Umgangssprache
Authors: Schmidt Bebnd 
Published: November 2016

Résumé
L’article se propose de montrer un aspect du contact entre la langue malgache et française: des changements dans le continuum français - malgache standard - malgache parlé du à ce contact. Il traite le sujet d’une variante du malgache parlé comportant différentes sortes d’emprunts au français qui est désignée comme vary amin'anana ou fralgache, mais qui devrait être désignée - en tenant compte de sa structure - plus correctement comme malançais. Par l’intermédiaire do la pratique linguistique des forces sociales dirigeant le pays, cette variante a influencé le code écrit, c.-à-d. le malgache standard.
Betrachtungen zur Darstellung und Erfassung von Sprachdaten in den allindisclien Zensus
Authors: Gatzlaff Margot 
Published: November 2016

Summary
India belongs to those multilingual countries in the world, which have on their disposal a systematic and scholarly well-founded survey about the stock of their languages, pursuing it continuously and methodically. Of great importance in this field are the Allindian census, taken respectively in the first year of each decade since the end of last century. In these census tho linguistic dates are an important and extensive part. From the progress in linguistics and in society new demands spring up, which have consequences for the approach to the inclusion and representation of linguistic dates in each census and lead to appropriate changes. This paper considers some questions and problems in this connection.
Film: Réflexions sur la Représentation du Handicap Retrouvée dans le Cinéma Québécois
Authors: Rouleau Joëlle 
Published: November 2016

Réflexions sur la représentation du handicap retrouvée dans le cinéma québécois est un court- métrage documentaire s’articulant autour de deux questions principales : comment aborder la représentation du handicap telle qu’elle se retrouve dans certains films québécois ; et, dans quelle mesure l’étude critique de cette représentation permet-elle de concevoir le cinéma comme un régime de la représentation (Hall 1997a) québécois articulé autour de certaines normativités (Butler, 2004)? Pour y parvenir, la réalisatrice a entretenu une discussion avec des réalisateurs, réalisatrices, actrices et activistes au sujet de la lutte de pouvoir autour de la représentation (Hall, 1997a; du Gay et al., 1997); celle-ci s’inscrivant dans une lutte plus large concernant des rapports de force dans la société québécoise. Cette discussion prend pour étude de cas le film Prends-moi (2014), court-métrage de fiction réalisé par André Turpin et Anaïs Barbeau- Lavalettte, deux personnes non-handicapées. Le documentaire met de l’avant une analyse critique des représentations capacitiste, explorant l’autoreprésentation comme une réappropriation de l’espace culturel et social de la représentation des personnes handicapées dans le contexte québécois. Réflexions sur la représentation du handicap retrouvée dans le cinéma québécois is a short documentary exploring two core questions: First, how can we approach the portrayal of disability in certain Québec films? And second, how can a critical study of disability facilitate a conceptualization of Québec cinema as part of a « regime of representation » (Hall, 1997) articulated around certain norms (Butler, 2004)? To do so, the director opens up a discussion with film directors, producers, actors and activists concerning the power struggles over representation (Hall, 1997; du Gay et al., 1997) and the broader power relations in Québec society of which they are a part. This discussion focuses on the Quebec film Prends-Moi (2014) directed by non-disabled filmmakers André Turpin and Anaïs Barbeau-Lavalette. The short documentary offers an exploration of cultural representations of disability in Quebec media that allows for a deeper analysis of Quebec’s ableist cultural conceptions as well as a space for self- representation, which can be understood as a form of re-appropriation of media space.
Urinary Imaging Findings in Young Infants With Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Chang Pearl W. , Abidari Jennifer M. , Shen Mark W. , Greenhow Tara L. , Bendel-Stenzel Michael , Roman Heidi K. , Biondi Eric A. , Schroeder Alan R. ,   for the PRIS Bacteremic UTI Investigators
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVES:
To describe renal ultrasound (RUS) and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) findings and determine predictors of abnormal imaging in young infants with bacteremic urinary tract infection (UTI).

METHODS:
We used retrospective data from a multicenter sample of infants younger than 3 months with bacteremic UTI, defined as the same pathogenic organism in blood and urine. Infants were excluded if they had any major comorbidities, known urologic abnormalities at time of presentation, required intensive unit care, or had no imaging performed. Imaging results as stated in the radiology reports were categorized by a pediatric urologist.

RESULTS:
Of the 276 infants, 19 were excluded. Of the remaining 257 infants, 254 underwent a RUS and 224 underwent a VCUG. Fifty-five percent had ≥1 RUS abnormalities. Thirty-four percent had ≥1 VCUG abnormalities, including vesicoureteral reflux (VUR, 27%), duplication (1.3%), and infravesicular abnormality (0.9%). Age &lt;1 month, male sex, and non–Escherichia coli organism predicted an abnormal RUS, but only non-E coli organism predicted an abnormal VCUG. Seventeen of 96 infants (17.7%) with a normal RUS had an abnormal VCUG: 15 with VUR (Grade I–III = 13, Grade IV = 2), 2 with elevated postvoid residual, and 1 with infravesical abnormality.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although RUS and VCUG abnormalities were common in this cohort, the frequency and severity were similar to previous studies of infants with UTIs in general. Our findings do not support special consideration of bacteremia in imaging decisions for otherwise well-appearing young infants with UTI.
A nasalidade fonológica no português e suas restrições
Authors: Bisol Leda 
Published: November 2016

Este artigo, que trata da nasalidade fonológica, estabelece uma relação entre propriedades da nasalidade e restrições gramaticais. Depreendida a gramática da vogal nasal, analisam-se os ditongos em palavras com flexão, que tornam a gramática relativamente mais complexa. Nesse contexto, por neutralização, emerge um só ditongo em palavra sem flexão. A ideia norteadora é que o ditongo fonológico tem somente duas bases, aN e oN, enquanto a vogal dispõe de cinco vogais.
Congenital Heart Disease has no Negative Impact on Educational Achievements and Employment among Maltese Adult Patients under Clinical Follow-Up
Authors: Caruana Maryanne , Grech Victor 
Published: November 2016

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Most children born with congenital heart disease (CHD) nowadays survive into adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential impact of CHD on educational achievements and employment in Maltese adult patients.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A bespoke self-reporting questionnaire based on the 2008 European Health Interview Survey (EHIS 2008) was distributed to 162 consecutive Maltese adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients at time of hospital follow-up for the 1-year period May 2013-May 2014. Education and employment in the ACHD cohort were compared with those from 372 randomly-selected age- and sex-matched EHIS 2008 responders (general population cohort). Chi-squared and Fisher Exact tests were used for categorical variables, and Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> test was applied to numerical variables.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> There were 125 ACHD responders (65 males, mean age 30.64±12.80 years). Nineteen patients had mild CHD, 85 had moderate lesions and 21 had severe disease. Patients with moderate/severe CHD had undergone significantly more cardiac procedures (mean 1.79; 95% CI 1.56,2.02) compared to patients with mild disease (mean 0.68; 95% CI 0.40,0.96) (p&lt;0.001). There were no significant differences in educational achievements, employment rate or working patterns between the 2 cohorts, but significantly more ACHD patients had higher-skilled occupations (82.1%) compared to the general population (67.5%; p=0.01), with this difference being restricted to male subjects. There were no significant differences in education and employment upon comparison of patients with mild and moderate/severe disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study suggests that, in Malta, ACHD has no negative impact on educational achievements and employment.</p>
Acute Coronary Syndrome of Embolic Origin in a Patient on Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Three Years After Mechanical Mitral Valve Replacement
Authors: Ng Andrew Kei-yan , Jim Man Hong 
Published: November 2016

<p>Dabigatran was shown to be inferior to warfarin for patients with mechanical heart valves. However it was postulated that its inferiority was limited to early post-operative period where the valves had not been adequately endothelialized. We present a case where thromboembolic acute coronary syndrome developed in a patient six months after switching from warfarin to dabigatran, despite three years after mechanical mitral valve replacement. We propose an alternative explanation for dabigatran failure. </p>
Ateísmo e Religião em Ludwig Feuerbach: uma aposta na essencialidade do humano
Authors: Ecco Clóvis , Martins Filho José Reinaldo Felipe 
Published: November 2016

Resumo: através desta incursão procuramos apontar algumas chaves de leitura para repensarmos o fenômeno do ateísmo, por ora vislumbrado a partir de uma de suas principais bases teóricas no século XIX, qual seja, a filosofia de Ludwig Feuerbach. Marcando sua distância em relação às demais críticas à religião, cujo núcleo de interesses geralmente se desenvolvia ao redor da inexistência de Deus, Feuerbach defende o reconhecimento de uma orfandade originária, única possibilidade capaz de reconduzir-nos rumo à essencialidade do humano. A religião é, nesse sentido, a principal forma de expressão desta essência, sendo que seu objeto não é Deus, mas o próprio homem. Toda projeção é, portanto, introjeção, a busca por uma interioridade perdida.
Palavras-chave: Religião. Deus; Ateísmo. Ludwig Feuerbach.
The Difference In The Effects Of Longitudinal Effects Of Network Latency On STEM And Non-STEM Students
Authors: Bush H. Francis , Walsh Vonda , Sullivan Jay , Squire James 
Published: November 2016

As enrollment in online courses increases faster than the overall enrollments in higher education, the differences in learning styles and academic disciplines need to be identified. Further, the focus on the demand for students pursuing degrees in the sciences, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) has gained prominence in the past decade. An experiment was conducted to study the interaction of objective learning and subjective learning, objective learning and enjoyment, and subjective learning and enjoyment on the longitudinal effects of network latency on students who were classified as STEM majors or non-STEM majors (humanities and social sciences). The findings indicate that students from different majors responded differently by the time students have progressed to their senior year in reference to their learning styles and sensitivity to network delays than it was when they were freshmen. The study suggests that the accumulation of experience and choice of major are important factors in mitigating the effects of network delay on learning.
PROMOCIONALIDADE TELEVISUAL EM TEMPOS DE NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS
Authors: De Castro Maria Lílica Dias 
Published: October 2016

Tendo em vista o reconhecido predomínio da televisão privada no país, em canal aberto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é investigar as relações entre essa mídia e os elementos de caráter econômico e tecnológico nela imperantes, analisando seus efeitos na especificidade da produção discursiva televisual, sobretudo aquela de caráter promocional. Para tanto, discute as propriedades da televisão no país, influência dos fatores econômico e tecnológico, relação entre tecnologia e discurso televisual, e o exame dessas repercussões em um programa da emissora. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Televisão privada; economicismo e tecnologismo; produção discursiva; expansão e condensação; promocionalidade. ABSTRACT Given the recognized predominance of private television in the country, in open channel, the objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between these media and the elements of economic and technological character prevailing in it, analyzing their effects on specificity of televisual discourse production, especially that promotional character. Therefore, discusses the properties of television in the country, the influence of economic and technological factors, the relationship between technology and televisual discourse and examines the impacts on a broadcaster´s program. (TV Globo). KEYWORDS: Private television; economism and technologism; discursive production; expansion and condensation; promotion RESUMEN Dado el predominio reconocido de la televisión privada en el país, canal abierto, el objetivo de este estudio es investigar la relación entre los medios de comunicación y los elementos económicos y tecnológicos de carácter en que prevalecen, el análisis de sus efectos sobre la especificidad de la producción de discurso televisivo, especialmente que el carácter promocional. Por lo tanto, se analizan las propiedades de la televisión en el país, la influencia de los factores económicos y tecnológicos, la relación entre la tecnología y discurso televisivo y el examen de los impactos en un programa de radiodifusión (Rede Globo). PALABRAS CLAVE: La televisión privada; economicismo y tecnologismo; producción discursiva; expansión y la condensación; “promocionalidad”.