bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinotopic coding organizes the interaction between internally and externally oriented brain networks
Authors: Steel Adam , Angeli Peter A. , Silson Edward H. , Robertson Caroline E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe human brain seamlessly integrates internally generated thoughts with incoming sensory information, yet the networks supporting internal (default network, DN) and external (dorsal attention network, dATN) processing are traditionally viewed as antagonistic. This raises a crucial question: how does the brain integrate information between these seemingly opposed systems? Here, using precision neuroimaging methods, we show that these internal/external networks are not as dissociated as traditionally thought. Using densely-sampled 7T fMRI data, we defined individualized whole-brain networks from participants at rest and calculated the retinotopic preferences of individual voxels within these networks during an visual mapping task. We show that while the overall network activity between the DN and dATN is independent at rest, considering a latent retinotopic code reveals a complex, voxel-scale interaction stratified by visual responsiveness. Specifically, the interaction between the DN and dATN at rest is structured at the voxel-level by each voxel’s retinotopic preferences, such that the spontaneous activity of voxels preferring similar visual field locations is more anti-correlated than that of voxels preferring different visual field locations. Further, this retinotopic scaffold integrates with the domain-specific preferences of subregions within these networks, enabling efficient, parallel processing of retinotopic and domain-specific information. Thus, DN and dATN are not independent at rest: voxel-scale interaction between these networks preserves and encodes information in both positive and negative BOLD responses, even in the absence of visual input or task demands. These findings suggest that retinotopic coding may serve as a fundamental organizing principle for brain-wide communication, providing a new framework for understanding how the brain balances and integrates internal cognition with external perception.
Suicide Death Predictive Models using Electronic Health Record Data
Authors: Srikanth Shweta , Montoya Lina M. , Turnure Matthew M. , Pence Brian W. , Fulcher Naoko , Gaynes Bradley N. , Goldston David B. , Carey Timothy S. , Ranapurwala Shabbar I. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the realm of medical research, particularly in the study of suicide risk assessment, the integration of machine learning techniques with traditional statistics methods has become increasingly prevalent. This paper used data from the UNC EHR system from 2006 to 2020 to build models to predict suicide-related death. The dataset, with 1021 cases and 10185 controls consisted of demographic variables and short-term informa-tion, on the subject’s prior diagnosis and healthcare utilization. We examined the efficacy of the super learner ensemble method in predicting suicide-related death lever-aging its capability to combine multiple predictive algorithms without the necessity of pre-selecting a single model. The study compared the performance of the super learner against five base models, demonstrating its superiority in terms of cross-validated neg-ative log-likelihood scores. The super learner improved upon the best algorithm by 60% and the worst algorithm by 97.5%. We also compared the cross-validated AUC’s of the models optimized to have the best AUC to highlight the importance of the choice of risk function. The results highlight the potential of the super learner in complex predictive tasks in medical research, although considerations of computational expense and model complexity must be carefully managed.
Detection of diphtheria toxin-producingCorynebacterium ramoniiin wounds of an urban, inner-city population in Vancouver, Canada, 2019-2023
Authors: Lowe Christopher F. , Ritchie Gordon , Crestani Chiara , Imperial Miguel , Matic Nancy , Payne Michael , Stefanovic Aleksandra , Whellams Diana , Brisse Sylvain , Romney Marc G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective chart review and whole-genome sequencing of specimens with presumptiveCorynebacterium ulceransin Vancouver from July 2019 to July 2023. WGS confirmed 8/14 wound culture isolates asC. ramonii. Two distinct clusters ofC. ramoniiwere identified with clinical presentations similar to cutaneousC. diphtheriae.Article SummaryTwo distinct clusters of C. ramonii were identified in Vancouver, BC with clinical presentations similar to cutaneous C. diphtheriae.
Not like other conifers: evaluation of phenotypic diversity in British common juniper,Juniperus communis, indicates genetic isolation and local adaptations among remnant populations
Authors: Baker J. , Cottrell J. , Ennos R. , Perry A. , Green S. , Cavers S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHabitat fragmentation and genetic isolation pose threats to the genetic diversity and resilience of natural populations. Protecting the genetic diversity of populations, and the processes that sustain it, optimises their ability to adapt to changing conditions and new threats: conservation efforts with this specific goal are known as “dynamic conservation.” The common juniper,Juniperus communis, is a keystone species that provides habitat and resources for many plants and animals. It is a highly polymorphic species, and across its natural range it grows in a variety of habitats and growth forms. Juniper populations have been shrinking and becoming increasingly fragmented for over a century in the UK and elsewhere in Europe, raising concerns about the genetic diversity present in juniper populations and their ability to adapt to changing conditions, or their adaptive potential. This paper presents an analysis of the partitioning of phenotypic diversity among regions, populations and families from 16 UK populations assessed in a common garden trial. Our findings suggest high phenotypic variation among populations compared to the variation among families within populations, indicating barriers to gene flow between juniper populations, relatively homogenous populations and, consequently, potentially reduced adaptive potential. This information is a useful baseline for conservation managers and can also help to infer the genetic diversity and adaptive potential of populations.
Enzymatic access to the rare ΔUA (1→4) Glc 3, 6, N-sulfated heparin disaccharide, implications for heparin quality control
Authors: Kandola T. K. , Mycroft-West C. J. , Andrade De Lima M. L. , Turner A. , Gardini C. , Urso E. , Miller G.J. , Bisio A. , Yates E. A. , Guerrini M. , Wu L. , Skidmore M. A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe sulfated glycosaminoglycan heparin is the most commonly used pharmaceutical anticoagulant worldwide. Heparin, which is extracted primarily from porcine sources, has a complex heterogeneous structure, resulting in a highly variable pharmaceutical product susceptible to contamination. As a by-product of the food industry, heparin is also limited by production capacity, giving rise to concerns that demand will outstrip supply. The anticoagulant activity of heparin derives principally from the AGA*IA pentasaccharide sequence, containing a rare 3-O-sulfated glucosamine, which binds and activates antithrombin. Analytical heparin digestion by the widely usedPedobacter heparinuslyases has limited activity in regions of 3-O-sulfation, rendering these enzymes poorly suited to study anticoagulant sequences. Here, we provide structural and functional characterization of aBacteroides eggerthiilyase that exhibits highly efficient heparin depolymerization, with specificity distinct toP. heparinus. Using a panel of biophysical and structural techniques, we demonstrate thatB. eggerthiilyase effectively liberates the rare GA* disaccharide, a key indicator of anticoagulant potential, from the defined heparin pentasaccharide fondaparinux. We envision superior cleavage byB. eggerthiilyases will enable the future quantitative, direct detection of anticoagulant relevant 3-O-sulfated sequences, delivering complementary structural information to existing analytical methods, with clear utility for pharmaceutical quality control workflows.
Bridging Glucose Metabolism and Intrinsic Functional Organization of the Human Cortex
Authors: Wan Bin , Riedl Valentin , Castrillon Gabriel , Kirschner Matthias , Valk Sofie L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe human brain requires a continuous supply of energy to function effectively. Here, we investigated how the low-dimensional organization of intrinsic functional connectivity patterns based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging relates to brain energy expenditure measured by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. By incrementally adding more dimensions of brain organization (via functional gradients), we were able to show that increasing amounts of variance in the map of brain energy expenditure could be accounted for. In particular, the brain organization dimensions that explained a large amount of the variance in intrinsic brain function also explained a large amount of the regional variance in the energy expenditure maps. This was particularly true for brain organization maps based on the strongest connections, suggesting that "weak" connections may not explain as much energy variance. Notably, our topological model was more effective than random brain organization configurations, suggesting that brain organization may be specifically associated with energy optimization. Finally, using brain asymmetry as a model for metabolic efficiency, we found that optimizing energy expenditure independently in each hemisphere outperformed non-independent optimization. This supports the concept of hemispheric competition rather than lateralization in energy allocation. Our results demonstrate how the spatial organization of functional connections is systematically linked to optimized energy expenditure in the human brain, providing new insights into the metabolic basis of brain function.
Distinct modulation of Ihby synaptic potentiation in excitatory and inhibitory neurons
Authors: Herstel Lotte J. , Wierenga Corette J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSelective modifications in the expression or function of dendritic ion channels regulate the propagation of synaptic inputs and determine the intrinsic excitability of a neuron. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels open upon membrane hyperpolarization and conduct a depolarizing inward current (Ih). HCN channels are enriched in the dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons where they regulate the integration of synaptic inputs. Synaptic plasticity can bidirectionally modify dendritic HCN channels in excitatory neurons depending on the strength of synaptic potentiation. In inhibitory neurons, however, the dendritic expression and modulation of HCN channels is largely unknown. In this study, we systematically compared the modulation of Ihby synaptic potentiation in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons andstratum Radiatum (sRad)interneurons. Ihproperties were similar in inhibitory and excitatory neurons and contributed to resting membrane potential and action potential firing. We found that insRadinterneurons, HCN channels were downregulated after synaptic plasticity, irrespective of the strength of synaptic potentiation. This suggest differential regulation of Ihin excitatory and inhibitory neurons, possibly signifying their distinct role in network activity.Significance statementLearning reflects a change in the way information is processed in neuronal circuits. This occurs via changes in synaptic connections and via alterations of intrinsic excitability of neurons. Here we examined how synaptic changes affect properties of HCN channels, which are important ion channels for intrinsic excitability. We found that strong synaptic potentiation leads to opposite changes in HCN channels in CA1 pyramidal neurons andsRadinterneurons. We speculate that this reflects their differential role in the CA1 network. An upregulation of HCN channels in pyramidal neurons results in a decrease in their excitability, which limits overall network excitation. In contrast,sRadinterneurons show downregulation of Ih, and therefore an increased excitability after strong synaptic activation, which will strengthen feedforward inhibition and sharpen activity patterns.
Endosomal Microautophagy is Activated by Specific Cellular Stresses in Trout Hepatocytes
Authors: Vélez Emilio J. , Véron Vincent , Gouis Jeanne , Reji Steffi , Dias Karine , Herpin Amaury , Beaumatin Florian , Seiliez Iban 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEndosomal microautophagy (eMI) is a recently discovered autophagic process where cytosolic proteins are selectively captured in late endosome/multivesicular bodies (LE/MVB). This pathway, similar to chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), involves the recognition of KFERQ-like motif containing proteins by HSC70. While CMA targets substrates to lysosomes via the receptor LAMP2A, eMI involves internalization into intraluminal vesicles within LE/MVB through interactions with ESCRT machinery. Although the same proteins could be targeted by either pathway, eMI’s role in cellular homeostasis is less understood. Our research identified an eMI-like process in rainbow trout hepatocytes, triggered by oxidative stress, high-glucose, DNA damage, and nutrient deprivation, but not serum deprivation. This finding suggests eMI’s stimulus-specific induction and its potential compensatory role when CMA is impaired. Our study provides new insights into eMI and offers novel model organisms for exploring its interactions with CMA, enhancing our understanding of cellular stress responses.
The coronavirus nsp14 exoribonuclease interface with the cofactor nsp10 is essential for efficient virus replication and enzymatic activity
Authors: Grimes Samantha L. , Heaton Brook E. , Anderson Mackenzie L. , Burke Katie , Stevens Laura , Lu Xiaotao , Heaton Nicholas S. , Denison Mark R. , Anderson-Daniels Jordan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCoronaviruses (CoVs) encode nonstructural proteins (nsps) 1-16, which assemble to form replication-transcription complexes that function in viral RNA synthesis. All CoVs encode a proofreading 3’-5’ exoribonuclease (ExoN) in nsp14 (nsp14-ExoN) that mediates proofreading and high-fidelity replication and is critical for other roles in replication and pathogenesis. Thein vitroenzymatic activity of nsp14 ExoN is enhanced in the presence of the cofactor nsp10. We introduced alanine substitutions in nsp14 of murine hepatitis virus (MHV) at the nsp14-10 interface and recovered mutant viruses with a range of impairments in replication andin vitrobiochemical exonuclease activity. Two of these substitutions, nsp14 K7A and D8A, had impairments intermediate between WT-MHV nsp14 and the known ExoN(-) D89A/E91A nsp14 catalytic inactivation mutant. All introduced nsp14-10 interface alanine substitutions impairedin vitroexonuclease activity. Passage of the K7A and D8A mutant viruses selected second-site non-synonymous mutations in nsp14 associated with improved mutant virus replication and exonuclease activity. These results confirm the essential role of the nsp14-nsp10 interaction for efficient enzymatic activity and virus replication, identify proximal and long-distance determinants of nsp14-nsp10 interaction, and support targeting the nsp14-10 interface for viral inhibition and attenuation.IMPORTANCECoronavirus replication requires assembly of a replication transcription complex composed of nonstructural proteins (nsp), including polymerase, helicase, exonuclease, capping enzymes, and non-enzymatic cofactors. The coronavirus nsp14 exoribonuclease mediates several functions in the viral life cycle including genomic and subgenomic RNA synthesis, RNA recombination, RNA proofreading and high-fidelity replication, and native resistance to many nucleoside analogs. The nsp-14 exonuclease activityin vitrorequires the non-enzymatic co-factor nsp10, but the determinants and importance the nsp14-10 interactions during viral replication have not been defined. Here we show that for the coronavirus murine hepatitis virus, nsp14 residues at the nsp14-10 interface are essential for efficient viral replication andin vitroexonuclease activity. These results shed new light on the requirements for protein interactions within the coronavirus replication transcription complex, and they may reveal novel non active-site targets for virus inhibition and attenuation.
Development and demonstration of a social sustainability assessment tool for the construction project life cycle
Authors: Kordi Nurul Elma , Belayutham Sheila , Che Ibrahim Che Khairil Izam 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This research paper aims to address the scarcity of social sustainability (SS) in construction by developing a Social Sustainability Assessment Tool (SocSAT), further demonstrating the tool's applicability in measuring SS practices across the construction project life cycle.

Design/methodology/approach
Various research methods were used to establish the assessment criteria, including literature review, focused group discussions and structured interviews. Subsequently, the SocSAT was developed using proprietary spreadsheet software, which was further demonstrated its applicability and validity using ten project case studies.

Findings
The SocSAT was built on 19 indicators for pre-construction, 25 indicators for construction, and 4 indicators for post-construction phases. The SocSAT offers a comprehensive means for practitioners to assess and monitor SS practices across project phases. The findings indicate that the SocSAT is a straightforward and user-friendly assessment tool that enables practitioners to self-diagnose and better comprehend the present SS practices across the project life cycle.

Research limitations/implications
Limitations include the context-specific nature of validating the SocSAT.

Practical implications
SocSAT enables construction practitioners to monitor and improve their SS practices effectively, facilitating informed decision-making and promoting sustainable construction. The tool is a valuable guide for stakeholders to incorporate SS considerations, ensuring transparent communication and project success.

Originality/value
This research fills a gap in SS research within the construction industry. The SocSAT offers theoretical advancements with practical value, providing a standardized approach to objectively measure the SS dimension across construction project life cycles.
Radiative influence on axisymmetric ternary hybrid nanofluid flow with convective boundary conditions over a nonlinearly permeable stretching/shrinking disk
Authors: Jamrus Farah Nadzirah , Ishak Anuar , Waini Iskandar , Khan Umair 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
In recent times, ternary hybrid nanofluid has garnered attention from scientist and researchers due to its improved thermal efficiency. This study aims to delve into the examination of ternary hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3–Cu–TiO2/water), particularly concerning axisymmetric flow over a nonlinearly permeable stretching/shrinking disk. In addition, the investigation of convective boundary conditions and thermal radiation effects is also considered within the context of the described flow problem.

Design/methodology/approach
Mathematical formulations representing this problem are reduced into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformation. The MATLAB boundary value problem solver is then used to solve the obtained set of ODEs. The impact of considered physical parameters such as suction parameter, radiation parameter, nonlinear parameter, nanoparticle volumetric concentration and Biot number on the flow profiles as well as the physical quantities is illustrated in graphical form.

Findings
The findings revealed the thermal flux for the nonlinearly shrinking disk is approximately 1.33%, significantly higher when compared to the linearly shrinking disk. Moreover, the existence of dual solutions attributed to the nonlinear stretching/shrinking disk is unveiled, with the first solution being identified as the stable and reliable solution through temporal stability analysis.

Practical implications
Understanding ternary hybrid nanofluid behavior and flow has applications in engineering, energy systems and materials research. This study may help develop and optimize nanofluid systems like heat exchangers and cooling systems.

Originality/value
The study of flow dynamics across nonlinear stretching/shrinking disk gains less attention compared to linear stretching/shrinking geometries. Many natural and industrial processes involve nonlinear changes in boundary shapes or sizes. Understanding flow dynamics over nonlinear shrinking/stretching disks is therefore essential for applications in various fields such as materials processing, biomedical engineering and environmental sciences. Hence, this study highlights the axisymmetric flow over a nonlinear stretching/shrinking disk using ternary hybrid nanofluid composed of alumina (Al2O3), copper (Cu) and titania (TiO2). Besides, this study tackles a complex problem involving multiple factors such as suction, radiation and convective boundary conditions. Analyzing such complex systems can provide valuable insights into real-world phenomena where multiple factors interact.
Leveraging gamification to enhance persuasive behaviour and streamline online product returns: an approach grounded in multiple case studies
Authors: Panda Debadrita , Raut Sachin Kumar , Rana Sudhir , Shamsudin Mad Nasir 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
The study identifies barriers all stakeholders face in the returns management process. The pressing issue of online product returns significantly erodes the net profit margins, demanding urgent action. Existing returns management systems are often complex, time-consuming and costly, failing to address this issue effectively. In this regard, persuasive technologies like gamification can effectively influence behaviour and enhance motivation towards reducing return by striking a balance between psychological and behavioural factors. Therefore, the study proposes a framework that combines the theory of planned behaviour and Octalysis to identify intentions to reduce product return rates in the e-commerce business.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative exploratory research design using a multiple case study-based approach with in-depth interviews conducted with 96 varied stakeholders was used to provide insights into the behavioural aspects for reducing return rates in e-commerce.

Findings
The results reveal three facets of effective returns management in e-commerce. Customers and delivery partners prioritize return processes, policies and rewards, emphasizing efficiency. Meanwhile, mid- and strategic-level employees are optimistic about return process enhancements. Interdepartmental integration and cross-functional communication are found to be vital, suggesting the need for a gamified framework in returns management.

Originality/value
This research enriches the returns management literature on gamification solutions and responds to the need for theoretical anchoring by applying the theory of planned behaviour at the organizational level to improve efficiency and customer centricity in the return process.