bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REMAINING OR MIGRATING? A PRESPECTIVE IN THE LIGHT OF THE SDGS
Authors: Santos Fernanda , Neves Pedro , Pereira Aida , Gonçalves Abílio , Lopes Paulo , Rebelo Paulo 
Published: October 2024

Objective: The aim of the study is limited to the complex dynamics between permanence and migration, exploring the motivations behind these population movements in the light of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Theoretical Framework: This topic presents the most important concepts and theories on which the research is based. Of particular note is the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)], which provides a solid basis for understanding the context of the research.

Method: The decision to return or stay is intrinsically linked to professional, social and personal factors. Professional aspects include salary considerations, working conditions and opportunities for career advancement. In contexts where the labor market is highly competitive, it can become an element of repulsion for the immigrant. On the other hand, financial incentives from the country of origin can act as attractive factors, as evidenced by the Chinese government offering benefits for the return of qualified emigrants, making professional opportunities in the country more attractive. Social aspects refer to the immigrant's adaptation to the social, political and cultural context of the host country. Personal factors, such as family situation and friendship networks, are interlinked with social and cultural issues, influencing the decision to stay or migrate.

Results and Discussion: The topics studied revealed that migrating or staying is a complex choice, influenced by various motivations. Some are rooted in economic stability and employment conditions, or even with the influence of family seen as a crucial factor, molding educational and professional decisions, transmitting values and expectations. Cultural preservation and identity stand out as fundamental elements in the decision-making process.

Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, covering factors such as geographical mobility, resistance to change, family influence, cultural preservation, identity and the socio-economic impacts of demographic change.

Originality/Value: The importance of this study arises from the scarcity of studies that have attempted to cover factors such as geographical mobility, resistance to change, family influence, cultural preservation, identity and the socio-economic impacts of demographic change.
AN OVERVIEW OF DHOKRA ART (BASTAR) PROGRESSION FROM ART TO DESIGN
Authors: Banerjee Ujwal , Rani Poonam 
Published: October 2024

Tribal Art and Craft, the pluralism of our nation that results from its diverse cultures. Every region possesses a unique artistic aesthetic. Most regions feature tribal arts and crafts in rural and indigenous areas. Chattisgarh is distinguished among the states due to its distinct folk and tribal cultures. Folk and tribal art and craft are manifestations of the pastoral way of life, religious convictions, and unpretentiousness of the people. Baster as a region of Chhattisgarh is characterized by its diverse communities, cultures, and artistic expressions. An area inhabited by numerous tribes that is remote from the progression of human civilization. Tribal lifestyle, caste system, and social rituals are all distinguishing characteristics that set these communities apart from others.
Dhokraas an indigenous art form originated as part of the tribal life, and culture and uniquely reflects their community, rituals, and beliefs. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview on original form of craft, changes over time, and how the craft is being used in the design. The craft originated as part of the life of the tribal culture and reflects their community, rituals, and beliefs, and maintains a unique character. Over time the craft had gone through changes because of various influencing factors e.g., new requirements within their community, source of livelihood, artists and designers became interested in the craft, reach to the market, and support received from the Govt. The changes in the craft can be seen from various perspectives, from form, size, material, subject matter, and technique. The intention is to highlight progressive visual imagery, product design, and impact on the art form.
Referents in the Palimpsests of Jazz
Authors: Smither Sean R. 
Published: October 2024

Jazz analysts have long struggled with the ways in which tunes can be accounted for in analyses of musical structure. When analyzing the utterances jazz musicians make in an improvised performance, it is difficult to disentangle the musical elements related to what Jeff Pressing termed the “referent”—the improviser’s conceptualization of the tune—from those more freely improvised in the moment. Complicating this problem is the fact that standard jazz tunes themselves are not fixed structures with essential, immutable musical components; no definitive version exists of any given tune. Instead, tunes are flexible and malleable, permitting infinite variations.
In this article, I develop a methodology that provisionally disentangles jazz improvisations from the tunes on which they are based. I begin by theorizing the structure and function of various tune-referents before outlining a theory of referent defaults. I then present two case studies, one on melody and one on harmony, that examine the relations between different performances in order to arrive at a postulated referent for use in further analysis. Finally, I draw on anthropologist Timothy Ingold’s concept of textility to illuminate the nuanced ways that jazz improvisers engage with referents.
Misi dan rekonsiliasi: Merevitalisasi fungsi gereja di tengah konflik sosial
Authors: Labobar Kresbinol 
Published: October 2024

This article aims to revitalize the church's function as a bearer of the mission of reconciliation amid social conflict, especially in Indonesia. Since the era of reform, which was considered to bring fresh air of change to the nation's life, horizontal conflicts have escalated. The church's presence, which cannot be separated from God's mission, is more often associated with the mission of evangelism. Through descriptive analysis of various literature, it was found that the mission built on the paradigm of the Triune God and the incarnation of Christ resulted in a reconciliatory mission. Therefore, the concept of a "missionary church" must also have implications for the mission of reconciliation.

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menawarkan sebuah revitalisasi fungsi gereja sebagai pengemban misi rekonsiliasi di tengah konflik sosial, khususnya di Indonesia. Sejak bergulirnya era reformasi, yang dianggap akan membawa angin segar perubahan bagi kehidupan berbangsa di tanah air, konflik horizontal justru semakin meningkat eskalasinya. Kehadiran gereja yang tidak dapat dilepaskan dari misi Allah lebih sering dikaitkan dengan misi penginjilan. Melalui analisis deskriptif berbagai literatur didapatkan, bahwa misi yang dibangun pada paradigma Allah Trinitas dan inkarnasi Kristus menghasilkan misi yang rekonsiliatif. Oleh karena itu, konsep "gereja yang misioner" haruslah juga berimplikasi pada misi rekonsiliasi.
Kompetensi manajerial pendeta sebagai solusi bagi kepemimpinan gereja: Studi kasus di lingkungan Gereja Protestan Maluku
Authors: Amtu Onisimus , Taliak Jeditia , Untailawan Franklin , Aituty Maikel 
Published: October 2024

The idea of church leadership becomes more interesting because it is associated with managerial competencies that pastors need to have as leaders in the congregation. The pastor's leadership as a congregation pastor is considered sufficient if not given the mandate to manage the organization according to managerial principles. This qualitative research study uses a descriptive and case study approach to explore and map the organizational roles and functions inherent in every pastor as a church leader. The results show that pastors lack the skills of a manager, which impacts the church organization's management quality. They need to equip themselves with managerial skills to carry out management functions such as planning, organizing, implementing, controlling, evaluating, and optimally managing the structure and resources of the church organization to increase the competitiveness of the church in society. The church, in stages, needs to schedule education and training programs, workshops, and comparative studies for pastors. These findings will become a framework for pastors as church leaders today and in the future.

Abstrak
Gagasan mengenai kepemimpinan gereja menjadi lebih menarik sebab dikaitkan dengan kompetensi manajerial yang perlu dimiliki pendeta sebagai pemimpin di jemaat. Kepemimpinan pendeta sebagai gembala jemaat dianggap cukup jika tidak diberikan mandat mengelola organisasi sesuai prinsip-prinsip manajerial. Ini adalah sebuah kajian riset kualitatif yang menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus untuk mengeksplorasi dan memetakan peran dan fungsi manajerial yang melekat erat dalam diri setiap pendeta sebagai pemimpin gereja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para pendeta kurang memiliki keterampilan sebagai seorang manajer sehingga berdampak terhadap kualitas pengelolaan organisasi gereja. Mereka perlu melengkapi diri dengan keterampilan manajerial sehingga dapat melaksanakan fungsi-fungsi manajemen seperti merencanakan, mengorganisasi, melaksanakan, mengendalikan, mengevaluasi dan mengelola struktur serta sumber daya organisasi gereja secara maksimal untuk meningkatkan daya saing gereja di masyarakat. Gereja secara berjenjang, perlu mengagendakan program-program pendidikan dan pelatihan, workhsop, dan studi banding bagi para pendeta. Hasil temuan ini menjadi kerangka kerja bagi para pendeta sebagai pemimpin gereja di masa kini maupun di masa mendatang.
Berteologi yang humanis: Membangun spiritualitas kesetaraan di antara perbedaan pandangan teologis
Authors: Afaradi Asep 
Published: October 2024

The phenomenon of theology in the digital space has shown a worrying escalation, where pastors, theologians, or those who call themselves apologists tend to be condescending; they often label each other "heretics." This article aims to share the concept of humanist theology by building a spirituality of equality rooted in the life of the Triune God. Using a literature study approach, through the results of previous research on equality in church and theology, it was found that the church must imitate the life of the Triune God and live it in theology. This study concludes that the spirituality of doing church built on the life of the Triune God makes the church a container of humanity, so in theology, it must be in a humanizing or humanist corridor.

Abstrak
Fenomena berteologi di ruang digital telah menunjukkan sebuah eskalasi yang memprihatinkan, di mana secara gamblang pendeta, teolog, atau mereka yang menyebut diri sebagai apologet cenderung bersikap yang merendahkan; tidak jarang mereka saling memberi label "sesat" terhadap sesama. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membagikan konsep berteologi yang humanis dengan membangun spiritualitas kesetaraan yang berakar pada kehidupan Allah Trinitas. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi pustaka, melalui hasil riset sebelumnya tentang kesetaraan dalam bergereja dan teologi, maka didapati bahwa gereja harus mengimitasi kehidupan Allah Trinitas dan menghidupinya dalam berteologi. Simpulan penelitian ini, bahwa spiritualitas menggereja yang dibangun pada kehidupan Allah Trinitas menjadikan gereja wadah kemanusiaan, sehingga dalam berteologi harus berada pada koridor yang memanusikan atau humanis.
Study on Omission Plot Technique in Popcorn
Authors: Kaduwal Sangita , Pokharel Bhanu Bhakta , Karki Tika Bahadhur , Neupane Reshama , Bhattarai Rajendra Kumar , Chaulagain Bhimsen , Ghimire Prakash , Gyawaly Pankaj , Das Soni Kumari 
Published: October 2024

There are various limiting factors in production of popcorn in Nepal among one of them is lack of limited information on nutrient management particularly the macronutrient nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at National Agronomy Research Centre, Khumaltar, Nepal to study the limiting nutrient for popcorn Lumle yellow in 2022/23 and 2023/24 in loam soil. The experiment consisted of five treatments and four replications arranged in randomized complete block design. Five different treatment comprised of FYM (unfertilized/farmer practice), –N,+PK (N omitted), -P,+NK (P omitted) ,-K+NP (K omitted), +NPK applied plots. In 2022/23 and 2023/24 +NPK applied treatment produced significantly highest grain yield of 4.27 t ha-1 and 3.13 t ha-1 while N omitted treatment gave lowest grain yield of 1.36 t ha-1 and 1.30 t ha-1 respectively and this yield was at par with only FYM applied treatment. Grain yield levels obtained for different fertilizer treatments were ranked as +NPK>-P,+NK>-K,+NP>FYM>-N. The results concluded that application of optimum doses of three primary nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were essential to achieve optimum growth and productivity of maize.
Assessment of Soil Fertility Status in Vegetable Growing Area of Daman-Palung, Nepal
Authors: Joshi Sushila , Khadka Dinesh , Amgain Rita 
Published: October 2024

Soil fertility assessment is essential for sustainable planning for a particular area. Considering this, a study was conducted in November 2018, to determine the soil fertility status of the vegetable growing area of Makwanpur district, Nepal. In total, 50 soil samples were collected randomly from a depth of 0-20 cm using a soil sampling auger. A standard analytical method was used to analyze the texture, soil pH, (Organic matter (OM), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P2O5), and Potassium (K2O) status of samples at the National Soil Science Research Centre, Khumaltar. The sand, silt and clay content were 45.67±2.08, 35.6±51.37 and 18.49±0.93 respectively and were indicated as loam and sandy loam in texture. The soil was moderately acidic (pH 5.11±0.5) in nature. Soil organic matter ranged from low to medium but the medium (3.37±1.72 %) was prevalent. Total nitrogen content (0.22±0.01 %) and available phosphorus (230.58 ±85.61 ppm), were found to be high. Furthermore, available potassium (97.4±70.04 ppm) content was medium in the soil. The purpose of this soil fertility assessment is to help researchers and farmers in Daman, Palung know the soil fertility status of their area and to guide sustainable soil fertility practices. This soil fertility assessment aims to help researchers and farmers in Daman, Palung understand soil fertility status and determine the best soil fertility practices for their area.
Effects of Organic Manures and Foliar Sprays on Growth and Yield of Finger Millet
Authors: Sivagamy K. , Karunakaran V. , Ananthi K. , Rajesh M. , Arul Prasad S. , Tamilselvi C. , Vijayashanthi V.A. , Mohammed Ashraf A. , Vanitha K. , Kanaga S. 
Published: October 2024

Experiments were conducted at the Centre of Excellence in Millets, Athiyandal, Thiruvannamalai, India to evaluate various organic nutrient sources with foliar application over three seasons from kharif 2015 to 2017 in Split Plot Design (SPD). Applying farmyard manure (FYM) @ 12.5 t ha-1 along with in-situ incorporation of sunhemp green manuring SGM @ 6.50 t ha-1 at 45 days after planting (DAP) resulted in higher grain and straw yields of 2,420 kg ha-1 and 3,549 kg ha-1, respectively. A foliar spray of Panchakavya at a 3% concentration increased grain and straw yields to 2,423 kg ha-1 and 3,338 kg ha-1. The B4 treatment yielded the highest gross income (₹84,724 ha-1), net income (₹55,372 ha-1), and benefit-cost ratio (2.84). Vermicompost application at 5 t ha-1 led to lower gross income. Among the foliar sprays, Panchakavya at 3% produced the highest gross income (₹84,478 ha-1), net income (₹43,534 ha-1), and benefit-cost ratio (2.36), followed by vermiwash at 3%.
Growth, Yield and Quality Attributes of Determinate Tomato Genotypes in Parwanipur, Bara of Nepal
Authors: Chaudhary Jeet Narayan , Srivastava Arvind , Sharma Moha Dutta , Gautam Ishwori Prasad 
Published: October 2024

With the aim of identifying suitable open pollinated determinate tomato genotypes, investigation was carried out at Directorate of Agricultural Research (DoAR), Parwanipur in two consecutive winter seasons of 2020/21 and 2021/22. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 16 treatments and replicated thrice. Crop geometry was maintained 75×60 cm and fertilizers and manure was applied at the rate of 200:150:120 kg N: P2O5:K2O kg + 20 tons FYM per hectare. Analysis of results showed significant variation in yield and yield attributing characters among genotypes. The maximum plant height (75.67 cm) was recorded on genotypes AVTO 0301.The genotypes AVTO 1716 and AVTO 0301 showed significantly earlier to 50% flowering (45 days) while AVTO 1711 recorded shortest days to first harvest (81 days). The highest plant vigour (5 scales) showed by AVTO 1712, AVTO 0302 and Pusa Ruby check variety. The maximum fruit diameter (7.52 cm), length (6.54 cm) and fruit weight (49.9 g) recorded on genotype AVTO 1711. The highest number of fruits/ plant (56.7) and marketable yield (58.08 t ha-1) was recorded in AVTO 1610 and AVTO 1711 respectively. The genotype AVTO 1712 showed the highest firmness (1.92 kg cm-2) and Vitamin C (59.36 mg/ 100 g). The maximum pericarp thickness of fruits (7.43 mm) obtained on AVTO 1610. The genotype Pusa Ruby showed the maximum total soluble solid (5.6 Obrix) and Titratable acid 0.75 %. Similarly, the highest colorimetric value of a* (12.62) was recorded on Pusa Ruby and the highest value of b* (19.37) was found on AVTO 1713 while the highest value of L* (30.56) was observed on AVTO 171. Considering the overall performance, genotypes AVTO 1711, AVTO 1702 and AVTO 1712 were performed better in terms of the highest yield and other horticultural traits.
Validation of Digital Soil Map in Maize Growing Areas of Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Ojha Roshan Babu , Khatri Krishna , Adhikari Parbati , Vista Shree Prasad , Sapkota Shishir 
Published: October 2024

National Soil Science Research Centre of the Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) with technical support from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center developed Digital Soil Map (DSM), a web-based information system, in 2020 using the legacy data with a geospatial model using a random forest machine learning prediction approach. The map generated with the model predicted values besides geo-referenced points that require further validation. Since DSM was launched, no work has been done to validate the map. We sampled 452 points from all municipalities of the Chitwan district using a gridded sampling approach to validate the existing predicted values of the DSM. We found that the observed values such as soil texture, soil organic matter, and total nitrogen content were similar to the range values of DSM. Still, a discrepancy was found between the available potassium and phosphorous. In the majority of areas, the observed value of available soil potassium (20 – 450 kg K ha-1 ± 15 kg K ha-1) was found lower compared to the DSM values (118 – 330 kg K ha-1), however, available phosphorous (55 – 230 kg P ha-1 ± 10 kg P ha-1) was found higher compared to DSM range values (11 – 139 kg P ha-1). The maize growing area of Chitwan was found suitable with soil pH (6.4 – 6.8) and other nutrients except for available soil potassium. Most of the areas from Eastern and Western Chitwan reported potassium mining, which needs to be considered in balancing nutrients in field crops.
Performance of Black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under Different Levels of Phosphorus at Bardiya, Nepal
Authors: Niraula Satya , Sharma Raksha 
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2023 in Badhaiyatal Rural Municipality-7, Bardiya district to evaluate the performance of black gram at various levels of phosphorus. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisting of four treatments and five replications were used for the study. The treatments consisted of different levels of phosphorous viz. 0 Kg ha-1 (control), 20 Kg ha-1, 40 Kg ha-1 and 60 Kg ha-1. Black gram var. BLG 0093-1 was sown at spacing of 40 cm x 5 cm in the plots sized 8 m2. All the growth parameters and yield obtained from each treatment were compared at 5% level of significance. The results showed significantly greater number of branches (13.84), flower buds (11.33), root length (16.27 cm) and secondary roots (16.05) at 60 Kg phosphorus per ha followed by 40 Kg ha-1. However, plant height, pods per plant, seeds per pod, weight of pods per plant, biomass and grain yield showed non-significant results at similar levels of phosphorus (60 Kg ha-1). Though non-significant, higher number of fruiting branch, number of nodules, effective nodules, 1000 grain weight and harvest index were observed at 40 Kg ha-1 phosphorus. The findings suggested a gradual increase in the yield with increasing levels of phosphorus with the highest gross return from 60 Kg ha-1 phosphorus. However, since the variation in grain yield among the treatments was not significant, the cost involved with the 60 Kg ha-1 was greater as compared to 40 Kg ha-1 phosphorus, greater benefit was observed with the latter. So, on grounds of greater net return and better BC ratio, 40 Kg ha-1 phosphorus seems to be more profitable for the farmers.
Response of Nepalese Rice Landraces to Brown Spot [Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker] at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Lamsal Rajan , Ghimire Surakshya , Yadav Ritesh , Manandhar Hira Kaji 
Published: October 2024

Brown spot disease, caused by the fungus Bipolaris oryzae, is a common foliar affliction in rice plants, impacting agricultural yields worldwide. A field experiment was conducted to identify brown spot resistant landraces at Rampur, Chitwan during June to November, 2018. A set of 54 rice genotypes comprising of 52 landraces and two checks (resistant and susceptible) were evaluated for resistance to the disease under field condition in alpha lattice design with three replicates. Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values varied significantly among the genotypes. Of the tested 54 genotypes, nine genotypes were found moderately resistant, 38 genotypes susceptible and seven genotypes were found highly susceptible. The maximum incidence (64.9%) of pathogen was found in seed of Hodbachhi followed by Sankharika (64.15%). The minimum average incidence of pathogen was found in check Sabitri (4.05%), which was as par with other 28 genotypes. The yield attributing characters were highly significant among the genotypes. Highest grain yield (1.55 t ha-1) was obtained from Ghusara (1.51 t ha-1) followed by Lalbachhi. Lowest grain yield was obtained from Ghuyeni Saro (0.21 t ha-1) followed by Jaguli Mansuli (0.25 t ha-1). All the yield and yield attributing characters were negatively correlated with AUDPC. Seed-borne infection after harvest was highly significant among the genotypes. The results revealed that among the screened genotypes most of the landraces of rice are susceptible to brown spot.