bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deployment of tethered gene drive for confined suppression in continuous space requires avoiding drive wave interference
Authors: Feng Ruobing , Champer Jackson 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGene drives have great potential for suppression of pest populations and removal of exotic invasive species. CRISPR homing suppression drive is a powerful but unconfined drive, posing risks of uncontrolled spread. Thus, developing methods for confining a gene drive is of great significance. Tethered drive combines a confined system such as Toxin‐Antidote Recessive Embryo drive with a strong drive such as a homing suppression drive. It can prevent the homing drive from spreading beyond the confined drive and can be constructed readily, giving it good prospects for future development. However, we have found that care must be taken when deploying tethered drive systems in some scenarios. Simulations of tethered drive in a panmictic population model reveal that successful deployment requires a proper release ratio between the two components, tailored to prevent the suppression drive from eliminating the confined system before it has the chance to spread. Spatial models where the population moves over a one‐dimensional landscape display a more serious phenomenon of drive wave interference between the two tethered drive components. If the faster suppression drive wave catches up to the confined drive wave, success is still possible, but it is dependent on drive performance and ecological parameters. Two‐dimensional simulations further restrict the parameter range for drive success. Thus, careful consideration must be given to drive performance and ecological conditions, as well as specific release proposals for potential application of tethered drive systems.
Genetic rescue often leads to higher fitness as a result of increased heterozygosity across animal taxa
Authors: Clarke Julia G. , Smith Adam C. , Cullingham Catherine I. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiodiversity loss has reached critical levels partly due to anthropogenic habitat loss and degradation. These landscape changes are damaging as they can fragment species distributions into small, isolated populations, resulting in limited gene flow, population declines and reduced adaptive potential. Genetic rescue, the translocation of individuals to increase genetic diversity and ultimately fitness, has produced promising results for fragmented populations but remains underutilized due to a lack of long‐term data and monitoring. To promote a better understanding of genetic rescue and its potential risks and benefits over the short‐term, we reviewed and analysed published genetic rescue attempts to identify whether genetic diversity increases following translocation, and if this change is associated with increased fitness. Our review identified 19 studies that provided genetic and fitness data from before and after the translocation; the majority of these were on mammals, and included experimental, natural and conservation‐motivated translocations. Using a Bayesian meta‐analytical approach, we found that on average, genetic diversity and fitness increased in populations post translocations, although there were some exceptions to this trend. Overall, genetic diversity was a positive predictor of population fitness, and in some cases this relationship extended three generations post‐rescue. These data suggest a single translocation can have lasting fitness benefits, and support translocation as another tool to facilitate conservation success. Given the limited number of studies with long‐term data, we echo the need for genetic monitoring of populations post‐translocation to understand whether genetic rescue can also limit the loss of adaptive potential in the long‐term.
Microfluctuations in Capillary Lumens Independent of Pericyte Lining Density in the Anesthetized Mouse Cortex
Authors: Suzuki Hiroki , Murata Juri , Unekawa Miyuki , Kanno Iwao , Izawa Yoshikane , Tomita Yutaka , Tanaka Kenji F. , Nakahara Jin , Masamoto Kazuto 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the spatiotemporal coherence of capillary lumen fluctuations in relation to spatial variations in the pericyte lining in the cortex of anesthetized mice.MethodsTwo‐photon microscopic angiography data (previously published) were reanalyzed, and spatial variations in capillary diameter fluctuations at rest and in capillary lining with vascular mural cells were measured along capillary centerlines.ResultsRelatively large diameters of the capillaries (5.5 μm) coincided with a dense pericyte lining, while small capillaries (4.3 μm) had a sparse pericyte lining. Temporal variations had a frequency of about 0.1 Hz with an amplitude of 0.5 μm, which were negatively correlated with pericyte lining density. Spatial frequency analysis further revealed a common pattern of spatial variations in capillary diameter and pericyte lining, but temporal variations differed. The temporal variations in capillary lumens were locally distinct from those in neighboring locations, suggesting intrinsic fluctuations independent of the pericyte lining.ConclusionsCapillary lumens in the brain exhibit slow microfluctuations that are independent of pericyte lining. These microfluctuations could affect the distribution of flowing blood cells and may be important for homogenizing their distribution in capillary networks.
Assessing the effects of three anthropogenic activities on the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae s.l. species composition and pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in Abidjan city, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Kacou Alain K. Y. , Edi Constant , Fodjo Behi K. , Yokoly Firmain N. , Zahouli Julien B. Z. , Kouamé Ives J. K. , Malone David , Koudou Benjamin G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPyrethroid resistance and mechanisms for resistance for Anopheles gambiae sensus lato (s.l.) (Diptera: Culicidae) Giles, were assessed in three urban areas (vegetable farming, industrial and residential) of Abidjan. Susceptibility to pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin and alphacypermethrin), with and without piperonyl butoxide (PBO) pre‐exposure was evaluated. Anopheles gambiae complex members were identified using Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements PCR (SINE PCR), and resistance mechanisms (kdr‐west, kdr‐east and ace‐1) and metabolic gene expression (CYP6P5, CYP6M2, CYP6P3, CYP6P4) were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). High resistance to deltamethrin, permethrin and alphacypermethrin was observed in Port‐Bouet (vegetable farming) and Treichville (industrial site), whereas moderate resistance to deltamethrin and high resistance to alphacypermethrin and permethrin were found in Abobo (residential site). Pre‐exposure to PBO with pyrethroid increased mortalities in all sites. In Treichville, pre‐exposure to PBO restored susceptibility to deltamethrin, but not in Port‐Bouet or Abobo. In Treichville, An. gambiae Giles sensu stricto (s.s.) was predominant (92.9%), whereas in Abobo and Port‐Bouet, An. coluzzii Giles was predominant (73.6% and 66.4%, respectively). The highest kdr‐west mutation frequency was in An. gambiae s.s. (42.8%) from Abobo, followed by An. gambiae s.s. (40%) from Port‐Bouet and An. gambiae s.s. (35.6%) from Treichville. In An. coluzzii, the highest kdr‐west mutation frequency was in Port‐Bouet (48.2%), followed by Abobo (28.00%) and Treichville (21.4%). Mutation frequencies of kdr‐east were lower in An. gambiae s.s. from Treichville (4.1%) and Port‐Bouet (2.1%) and absent in An. gambiae from Abobo. In industrial and vegetable farming areas, CYP6P3 and CYP6M2 were overexpressed compared with Kisumu. The study suggests An. gambiae s.l. distribution and pyrethroid resistance are influenced by human activities. Treichville's industrial area favoured An. gambiae s.s., whereas Abobo's residential and Port‐Bouet's vegetable farming areas were dominated by An. coluzzii. Resistance in Treichville and Port‐Bouet was associated with kdr (west and east) genes and metabolic genes, whereas in residential areas, only kdr‐west genes were observed. These data suggest that PBO + deltamethrin impregnated nets could aid malaria control, benefiting industrial areas of Côte d'Ivoire and other African cities.
From self‐reflection to shared recognition: Reconceptualising mental health nursing as an intersubjective phenomenon
Authors: Haslam Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExisting challenges to the legitimacy of mental health nursing in the United Kingdom and beyond have stimulated a critical self‐reflection and discourse around the mental health nursing role, forcing the profession to question its identity and critically re‐evaluate its position within the wider healthcare arena. In this discussion paper, I suggest that the current difficulties in conceptualising mental health nurse identity arise from our role being inherently interwoven with distinctive challenges and unique needs of our service users. Emerging from this idea is that the ‘being’ (and the ‘doing’) of mental health nursing is firmly situated within the sphere of intersubjective relations. Drawing upon Hegel's ideas of reciprocal recognitive relations, to support the notion that our profession's role and purpose are better understood when defined in relation to the work that we do with our service users, I argue that it is in the understanding (and even embracing) of intersubjectivity as a core principle of mental health nursing, where we might not just better understand ourselves but also know how to shift asymmetric relations with our service users towards those which are more commensurate and mutually beneficial.
Integrative Analysis of Small RNA and Gene Expression Uncovers a Novel Long‐Noncoding MicroRNA Targeting a UDP‐Transferase in Camellia chekiangoleosa
Authors: Chu Xian , Li Sijia , Huang Hu , Wang Yupeng , Yan Chao , Li Jiyuan , Wang Minyan , Yin Hengfu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBiosynthesis of specific secondary metabolites in plants involves fine regulation of gene expression. Camellia chekiangoleosa has important economic value: the seeds contain high‐quality unsaturated fatty acids and the pericarp is rich in tea saponins. As an important posttranscriptional regulator, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in controlling secondary metabolism in C. chekiangoleosa is not fully studied. Here, we investigated the role of miRNAs and their targets in the secondary metabolic regulatory network by comprehensively analyzing small RNAs, transcriptomes, and degradomes from different tissues. We identified 168 known miRNAs and 74 novel miRNAs in the C. chekiangoleosa genome and revealed 15 tandem clusters containing 35 miRNAs. By establishing a gene regulatory network containing miRNAs, target genes, and transcription factors, we unravelled the multiplicity of miRNA tissue‐specific regulation of gene expression, which may be tightly linked to the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, we characterized a novel long‐noncoding miRNA gene (cch‐miR3633) that targeted a UDP‐transferase gene (CchUGT94E5). We showed that, ectopic expression of CchUGT94E5 caused outgrowth of shoot branching and changes in cytokinin contents in Arabidopsis, indicating a potential role of regulating secondary metabolism. This work provides valuable information for the study of miRNA regulation of secondary metabolism.
Political intolerance in comprehensive welfare states: Evidence from Sweden
Authors: Persson Thomas , Widmalm Sten 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrevious research has shown that comprehensive welfare states are effective at bridging ethnic divisions and promoting political tolerance of marginalized groups. Do these results hold up in the face of the great influx of migrants into European welfare states following the 2015–16 refugee crisis? In this case study of Sweden, we map the general level of political tolerance and test various individual‐level explanations for it. Based on a survey of about 3500 citizens, our results show that the level of ethnic antipathy in Sweden is low. Other groups, however—such as supporters of the Sweden Democrats, a radical‐right party—are widely disliked, as are abortion opponents and anti‐vaccinationists. The individual‐level explanations we have tested—in connection with threat perceptions, civic and political engagement, and socio‐economic factors—turn up mixed results. Our conclusion is that the results we have found reflect something of a liberal‐democratic backlash, whereupon a certain kind of political intolerance has become widespread.
Sweetpotato sucrose transporter IbSUT1 alters storage roots formation by regulating sucrose transport and lignin biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Dandan , Li Chengyang , Liu Hongjuan , Song Weihan , Shi Chunyu , Li Qiang 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYThe formation and development of storage roots is the most important physiological process in sweetpotato production. Sucrose transporters (SUTs) regulate sucrose transport from source to sink organs and play important roles in growth and development of plants. However, whether SUTs involved in sweetpotato storage roots formation is so far unknown. In this study, we show that IbSUT1, a SUT, is localized to the plasma membrane. Overexpression of IbSUT1 in sweetpotato promotes the sucrose efflux rate from leaves, leading to increased sucrose levels in roots, thus induces lignin deposition in the stele, which inhibits the storage roots formation and compromises the yield. Heterologous expression of IbSUT1 in Arabidopsis significantly increases the sucrose accumulation and promotes lignification in the inflorescence stems. RNA‐seq and biochemical analysis further demonstrated that IbMYB1 negatively regulates the expression of IbSUT1. Overexpression of IbMYB1 in Arabidopsis reduces the sucrose accumulation and lignification degree in the inflorescence stems. Moreover, co‐overexpression of IbMYB1 and IbSUT1 restores the phenotype of lignin over‐deposition in Arabidopsis. Collectively, our results reveal that IbSUT1 regulates source‐sink sucrose transport and participates in the formation of sweetpotato storage roots and highlight the potential application of IbSUT1 in improving sweetpotato yield in the future.
Challenges in reliable preoperative blood ordering: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Yang Phillip , Zijlstra Emma P. , Hall Bruce L. , Gregory Stephen H. , Jackups Ronald , Li Jing , Abraham Joanna , Lou Sunny S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPresurgical blood orders are important for patient safety during surgery, but excess orders can be costly to patients and the healthcare system. We aimed to assess clinician perceptions on the presurgical blood ordering process and perceived barriers to reliable decision‐making.MethodsThis descriptive qualitative study was conducted at a single large academic medical center. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists, nurse practitioners working in preoperative assessment clinics, and transfusion medicine physicians to assess perceptions of current blood ordering processes. Interview responses were analyzed using an inductive open coding approach followed by thematic analysis.ResultsTwenty‐three clinicians were interviewed. Clinicians felt that the current blood ordering process was frequently inconsistent. One contributor was a lack of information on surgical transfusion risk, related to lack of experience in ordering clinicians, insufficient communication between stakeholders, high turnover in academic settings, and lack of awareness of the maximum surgical blood ordering schedule. Other contributors included differing opinions about the benefits and harms of over‐ and under‐preparing blood products, leading to variation in transfusion risk thresholds between clinicians, and disagreement about the safety of emergency‐release blood.ConclusionSeveral barriers to reliable decision‐making for presurgical blood orders exist. Future efforts to improve ordering consistency may benefit from improved information sharing between stakeholders and education on safe transfusion practices.
Effectiveness of peer support interventions in improving mothers' psychosocial well‐being during the perinatal period: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shah Lubna , Chua Joelle Yan Xin , Goh Yong Shian , Chee Cornelia Ying Ing , Chong Shang Chee , Mathews Jancy , Lim Lina Hsiu Kim , Chan Yiong Huak , Mörelius Evalotte , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMany mothers experience poor psychological outcomes during their perinatal period. The presence of depression and anxiety has a significant adverse impact on the mother's health and the infant's development.AimThis review aimed to examine the effectiveness of peer support interventions in improving depression, anxiety, and perceived social support among mothers during the perinatal period.MethodsThis study was a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. The reporting of this review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool for randomized controlled trials was used to examine the methodological quality of the included studies. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A comprehensive search was conducted from inception till May 2024 across seven databases: Pubmed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, ProQuest, PsycINFO, and Embase.ResultsThe results of the meta‐analysis of the 12 included studies showed that peer support interventions could reduce depression and anxiety levels but not perceived social support levels. Sub‐group analyses based on the mode of intervention delivery showed significant reductions on depression levels in online and face‐to‐face groups but not telephone call groups. Follow‐up data analyses showed that peer support interventions could improve depression, anxiety, and perceived social support across a duration of 1–6 months post‐intervention.Linking Evidence to ActionThis review provides a deeper understanding of the effect of peer support interventions on mothers in the perinatal period. This can have a positive impact on current knowledge aimed at improving the well‐being of mothers and thus, their infants, partners, and entire family unit. Findings showed that peer support interventions can positively improve psychological well‐being of mothers in the perinatal period in the short and long term. Peer support can ultimately be considered as a standardized part of perinatal care. Future recommendations include implementing a combination of face‐to‐face and online approaches to peer support interventions delivered with both individual and group components.
ВЫСОКОЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНАЯ ИММУНОХРОМАТОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЛЕНИЯ ПЕСТИЦИДОВ В ПИЩЕВОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ
Authors: Баршевская Л.В. , Зверева Е.А. , Еремин С.А. , Жердев А.В. , Дзантиев Б.Б. 
Published: September 2024

Иммунохроматографический анализ (ИХА) – перспективный метод определения аналитов различной природы, который отличается экспрессностью и простотой проведения. Одним из основных недостатков ИХА являются высокие показатели предела обнаружения (ПрО), которые могут не соответствовать нормативам о контролируемых предельно допустимых уровнях содержания того или иного соединения. Соответственно, востребованы разработки высокочувствительных тест-систем.
В представленной работе для определения низкомолекулярных аналитов – пестицидов 2,4-дихлорфеноксиуксусной кисоты (2,4-Д) и имидаклоприда – разработаны системы конкурентного ИХА с непрямым мечением антител. Использование данного подхода позволяет независимо варьировать концентрации специфических антител в пробе и используемого коллоидного маркера, тем самым одновременно обеспечивая эффективную конкуренцию и высокий уровень регистрируемого окрашивания.
В ходе разработки тест-систем были синтезированы наночастицы золота и получены их конъюгаты с антивидовыми антителами. Проведена характеристика полученных препаратов методом просвечивающей электронной микроскопии (среднее значение размера наночастиц – 20,83 ± 5,05 нм, минимальное значение – 10,43 нм, максимальное значение – 27,67 нм, степень эллиптичности 1,12 ± 0,08). Исследованы зависимости аналитических характеристик тест-систем (ПрО, интенсивность сигнала в аналитической зоне) от таких показателей, как концентрация используемого маркера (ОП от 1,0 до 2,0), концентрация свободных специфических антител (от 20 до 200 нг/мл), концентрация иммобилизуемого в аналитической зоне конъюгата гаптен-белок (от 0,5 до 2 мг/мл). В выбранных условиях проведена сравнительная характеристика стандартной конкурентной схемы ИХА и предложенного подхода. Показано, что схема с непрямым мечением антител обеспечивает более чувствительное выявление целевых аналитов (снижение ПрО до 20 раз). Таким образом, разработанный подход может найти применение в иммунохроматографических тест-системах для своевременного и эффективного контроля пищевой продукции на содержание пестицидов.
Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда, грант № 24-43-00196.
ПРОБИОТИКАЛЫҚ ӨНІМ АЛУДА СҮТҚЫШҚЫЛДЫ БАКТЕРИЯЛАРҒА СКРИНИНГ ЖҮРГІЗУ
Authors: Орынбаева Ж.А. , Тунгушбаева З.Б. 
Published: September 2024

Зерттеудің мақсаты сүтқышқылды бактериялардан пробиотикалық белсенді штаммдар алу. Зерттеу жұмысының алға қойған міндеттері ең алдымен пробиотикалық консорциум алу мақсатында сүтқышқылды өнімдерді зерттеу, сүтқышқылды бактерияларға тәжірибелер жүргізу, пробиотикалық консорциум құрылымын талдау болып табылады.
Себебі, микробиология саласындағы пробиотикалық өнім алу үшін ең көп сұранысқа ие бағыттар сүтқышқылды бактериялардан жаңа белсенді штамдарды табу өзекті мәселе. Яғни, белсенді бактериялардың көмегімен алынған перспективті пробиотикалық препараттар мен функционалды тамақтану өнімдерін өндіруге арналған бактериялар болып саналады. Осыған байланысты биологиялық зерттеуде осы микроорганизмдердің жаңа штамдарының қасиеттерін анықтау өте маңызды.
Осы зерттеуде зерттеу нысаны ретінде үй жағдайындағы сүт өнімдері қолданылды. Сүт өнімдерінен S-1, S-2, d-3, d-4, S-805, S-106, S-П1-5, S-74, S-414, S-612, S-817, S-819, S-149 түрлі сүтқышқылды бактериялар бөлініп алынып, олардан белсенді штамм анықтау мақсатында толық скрининг жұмыстары жүргізілді. Жалпы айтар болсақ, микробиологиялық, яғни сүтқышұылды бактериялардың антоганистік қасиеттерін анықтау, антибиотиктерге төзімділігі, биоүйлесімділік, әртүрлі температурада олардың өсу қарқындылығын бақылау, морфологиялық және мәдени қасиеттерді анықтау, физиологиялық және биохимиялық қасиеттерді анықтау әдістері қолданылды.
Зерттеу әдістері Himedia дайын қоректік ортасы арқылы жүзеге асырды. Әрбір штамм зарарсыздандырылған Петри табақшасында белгіленіп егілді. Егілген штамдар термостатқа 24 сағатқа 37◦С температурасына орналастырылды. Нәтижесінде штаммдардың өсу қарқыны белсенді түрде анықталды. Осылайша, зерттеу үшін алынған сүт қышқылы бактерияларының штамдары зертханада үш реттен жасалынып, нақты нәтиже алынды. Яғни, мысал келтірсек, зерттеу нәтижелері бойынша S-805 штаммына S-106, S-П1-5 биоүйлесімділікте екендігі, ал қалған штаммдардың сәйкес келуі әртүрлі деңгейде байқалды. Халықаралық стандартты микробиологиялық әдістерін қолдана отырып зерттеу нәтижесі бойынша S-612, S-106, S-414, S-811, S-1, S-2, d-3, d-4 штаммдары жоғары белсенділікті көрсетті.
Қорытынды бойынша таңдап алынған штаммдар лактобацилл топтарына жатады: lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus acidophylus.
Зерттеуге алынған сүтқышқылды бактерияларды осылайша микробиологиялық әдістерін қолдана отырып сүтқышқылды бактериялардан алынған нәтижелер бактерияларға скриниг жүргізу болашақта пробиотикалық консорциум алуда, пробиотикалық өнім алуда үлкен мүмкіндік береді. Қазіргі уақытта әлемдік ғалымдар адамның иммун тапшылығын зерттейтін пробиотикалық препараттарды әзірлеуде. Биология ғылымдарының жетістігі елде ғылыми дәлелденген және ішкі ағзаның жалпы құрылымы үшін емдік қасиеттері бар пробиотикалық штаммдарды қолдана отырып, бірнеше зерттеу кезеңдерінен өткен препараттарды өндіруден тұрады.