bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter-Layer Coupling Induced Valence Band Edge Shift in Mono- to Few-Layer MoS2
Authors: Trainer Daniel J. , Putilov Aleksei V. , Di Giorgio Cinzia , Saari Timo , Wang Baokai , Wolak Mattheus , Chandrasena Ravini U. , Lane Christopher , Chang Tay-Rong , Jeng Horng-Tay , Lin Hsin , Kronast Florian , Gray Alexander X. , Xi Xiaoxing , Nieminen Jouko , Bansil Arun , Iavarone Maria 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecent progress in the synthesis of monolayer MoS2, a two-dimensional direct band-gap semiconductor, is paving new pathways toward atomically thin electronics. Despite the large amount of literature, fundamental gaps remain in understanding electronic properties at the nanoscale. Here, we report a study of highly crystalline islands of MoS2 grown via a refined chemical vapor deposition synthesis technique. Using high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS), photoemission electron microscopy/spectroscopy (PEEM) and μ-ARPES we investigate the electronic properties of MoS2 as a function of the number of layers at the nanoscale and show in-depth how the band gap is affected by a shift of the valence band edge as a function of the layer number. Green’s function based electronic structure calculations were carried out in order to shed light on the mechanism underlying the observed bandgap reduction with increasing thickness, and the role of the interfacial Sulphur atoms is clarified. Our study, which gives new insight into the variation of electronic properties of MoS2 films with thickness bears directly on junction properties of MoS2, and thus impacts electronics application of MoS2.
Bleaching drives collapse in reef carbonate budgets and reef growth potential on southern Maldives reefs
Authors: Perry C. T. , Morgan K. M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSea-surface temperature (SST) warming events, which are projected to increase in frequency and intensity with climate change, represent major threats to coral reefs. How these events impact reef carbonate budgets, and thus the capacity of reefs to sustain vertical growth under rising sea levels, remains poorly quantified. Here we quantify the magnitude of changes that followed the ENSO-induced SST warming that affected the Indian Ocean region in mid-2016. Resultant coral bleaching caused an average 75% reduction in coral cover (present mean 6.2%). Most critically we report major declines in shallow fore-reef carbonate budgets, these shifting from strongly net positive (mean 5.92 G, where G = kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1) to strongly net negative (mean −2.96 G). These changes have driven major reductions in reef growth potential, which have declined from an average 4.2 to −0.4 mm yr−1. Thus these shallow fore-reef habitats are now in a phase of net erosion. Based on past bleaching recovery trajectories, and predicted increases in bleaching frequency, we predict a prolonged period of suppressed budget and reef growth states. This will limit reef capacity to track IPCC projections of sea-level rise, thus limiting the natural breakwater capacity of these reefs and threatening reef island stability.
Transparent EuTiO3 films: a possible two-dimensional magneto-optical device
Authors: Bussmann-Holder Annette , Roleder Krystian , Stuhlhofer Benjamin , Logvenov Gennady , Lazar Iwona , Soszyński Andrzej , Koperski Janusz , Simon Arndt , Köhler Jürgen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe magneto-optical activity of high quality transparent thin films of insulating EuTiO3 (ETO) deposited on a thin SrTiO3 (STO) substrate, both being non-magnetic materials, are demonstrated to be a versatile tool for light modulation. The operating temperature is close to room temperature and allows for multiple device engineering. By using small magnetic fields birefringence of the samples can be switched off and on. Similarly, rotation of the sample in the field can modify its birefringence Δn. In addition, Δn can be increased by a factor of 4 in very modest fields with simultaneously enhancing the operating temperature by almost 100 K.
Wide-gamut plasmonic color filters using a complementary design method
Authors: Lee Seon Uk , Ju Byeong-Kwon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPlasmonic color filters (PCFs) can acquire primary colors from non-polarized incident light through a two-dimensional arrangement of subwavelength holes. However, owing to the geometry of the 2D array, unintended secondary transmitted peaks derived from the higher-order modes of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) lead to color cross-talk with the primary peaks. Herein, we propose a complementary design method for generating high-purity red, green, and blue (R/G/B) by combining the G/B filters of hole-arrays with the R filters of dot-arrays. Metallic dot-array filters, wherein the wavelength band under 575 nm was effectively blocked by the induction of peak broadening, operated as optical high-pass filters exhibiting pure red, and consequently widen the color gamut of PCFs by 30% without loss of luminance and color tunability. This harmonious combination promises to yield competitiveness for a next-generation color filter by enhancing the color reproducibility of plasmonic nanostructures.
Population Structure Analysis of Bull Genomes of European and Western Ancestry
Authors: Chung Neo Christopher , Szyda Joanna , Frąszczak Magdalena ,   The 1000 Bull Genomes Project, Fries Hans Rudolf , SandøLund Mogens , Guldbrandtsen Bernt , Boichard Didier , Stothard Paul , Veerkamp Roel , Goddard Michael , Van Tassell Curtis P. , Hayes Ben 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSince domestication, population bottlenecks, breed formation, and selective breeding have radically shaped the genealogy and genetics of Bos taurus. In turn, characterization of population structure among diverse bull (males of Bos taurus) genomes enables detailed assessment of genetic resources and origins. By analyzing 432 unrelated bull genomes from 13 breeds and 16 countries, we demonstrate genetic diversity and structural complexity among the European/Western cattle population. Importantly, we relaxed a strong assumption of discrete or admixed population, by adapting latent variable models for individual-specific allele frequencies that directly capture a wide range of complex structure from genome-wide genotypes. As measured by magnitude of differentiation, selection pressure on SNPs within genes is substantially greater than that on intergenic regions. Additionally, broad regions of chromosome 6 harboring largest genetic differentiation suggest positive selection underlying population structure. We carried out gene set analysis using SNP annotations to identify enriched functional categories such as energy-related processes and multiple development stages. Our population structure analysis of bull genomes can support genetic management strategies that capture structural complexity and promote sustainable genetic breadth.
A New Insight of Graphene oxide-Fe(III) Complex Photochemical Behaviors under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Liu Renlan , Zhu Xiaoying , Chen Baoliang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) contains not only aromatic carbon lattice but also carboxyl groups which enhanced the aqueous solubility of GO. To study the transformation of GO nanosheets in natural environments, GO aqueous dispersion was mixed with Fe3+ ions to form photoactive complex. Under visible light irradiation, Fe(III) of the complex would be reduced to Fe(II) which could subsequently reduce highly toxic Cr(VI) to Cr3+. The electron of the reduction was contributed by the decarboxylation of carboxyl groups on GO and iron was acting as a catalyst during the photoreduction. On the other hand, the consumption of carboxyl groups may convert GO to rGO which are tend to aggregate since the decreased electrostatic repulsion and the increased π-π attraction. The formed Cr3+ may be electrostatically adsorbed by the rGO sheets and simultaneously precipitated with the aggregated rGO sheets, resulting the effective removal of chromium and GO nanosheets from the aqueous environment. This study may shed a light on understanding the environmental transformation of GO and guide the treatment of Cr(VI).
Dengue virus compartmentalization during antibody-enhanced infection
Authors: Ong Eugenia Z. , Zhang Summer L. , Tan Hwee Cheng , Gan Esther S. , Chan Kuan Rong , Ooi Eng Eong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSecondary infection with a heterologous dengue virus (DENV) serotype increases the risk of severe dengue, through a process termed antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). During ADE, DENV is opsonized with non- or sub-neutralizing antibody levels that augment entry into monocytes and dendritic cells through Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs). We previously reported that co-ligation of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor-B1 (LILRB1) by antibody-opsonized DENV led to recruitment of SH2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) to dephosphorylate spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and reduce interferon stimulated gene induction. Here, we show that LILRB1 also signals through SHP-1 to attenuate the otherwise rapid acidification for lysosomal enzyme activation following FcγR-mediated uptake of DENV. Reduced or slower trafficking of antibody-opsonized DENV to lytic phagolysosomal compartments, demonstrates how co-ligation of LILRB1 also permits DENV to overcome a cell-autonomous immune response, enhancing intracellular survival of DENV. Our findings provide insights on how antiviral drugs that modify phagosome acidification should be used for viruses such as DENV.
Directional Microphone Hearing Aids in School Environments: Working Toward Optimization
Authors: Ricketts Todd A. , Picou Erin M. , Galster Jason 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe hearing aid microphone setting (omnidirectional or directional) can be selected manually or automatically. This study examined the percentage of time the microphone setting selected using each method was judged to provide the best signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the talkers of interest in school environments.MethodA total of 26 children (aged 6–17 years) with hearing loss were fitted with study hearing aids and evaluated during 2 typical school days. Time-stamped hearing aid settings were compared with observer judgments of the microphone setting that provided the best SNR on the basis of the specific listening environment.ResultsDespite training for appropriate use, school-age children were unlikely to consistently manually switch to the microphone setting that optimized SNR. Furthermore, there was only fair agreement between the observer judgments and the hearing aid setting chosen by the automatic switching algorithm. Factors contributing to disagreement included the hearing aid algorithm choosing the directional setting when the talker was not in front of the listener or when noise arrived only from the front quadrant and choosing the omnidirectional setting when the noise level was low.ConclusionConsideration of listener preferences, talker position, sound level, and other factors in the classroom may be necessary to optimize microphone settings.
Hearing, Auditory Processing, and Language Skills of Male Youth Offenders and Remandees in Youth Justice Residences in New Zealand
Authors: Lount Sarah A. , Purdy Suzanne C. , Hand Linda 
Published: January 2017

PurposeInternational evidence suggests youth offenders have greater difficulties with oral language than their nonoffending peers. This study examined the hearing, auditory processing, and language skills of male youth offenders and remandees (YORs) in New Zealand.MethodThirty-three male YORs, aged 14–17 years, were recruited from 2 youth justice residences, plus 39 similarly aged male students from local schools for comparison. Testing comprised tympanometry, self-reported hearing, pure-tone audiometry, 4 auditory processing tests, 2 standardized language tests, and a nonverbal intelligence test.ResultsTwenty-one (64%) of the YORs were identified as language impaired (LI), compared with 4 (10%) of the controls. Performance on all language measures was significantly worse in the YOR group, as were their hearing thresholds. Nine (27%) of the YOR group versus 7 (18%) of the control group fulfilled criteria for auditory processing disorder. Only 1 YOR versus 5 controls had an auditory processing disorder without LI.ConclusionsLanguage was an area of significant difficulty for YORs. Difficulties with auditory processing were more likely to be accompanied by LI in this group, compared with the controls. Provision of speech-language therapy services and awareness of auditory and language difficulties should be addressed in youth justice systems.
Characterization of Vocal Fold Vibration in Sulcus Vocalis Using High-Speed Digital Imaging
Authors: Yamauchi Akihito , Yokonishi Hisayuki , Imagawa Hiroshi , Sakakibara Ken-Ichi , Nito Takaharu , Tayama Niro , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The aim of the present study was to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize vocal fold vibrations in sulcus vocalis by high-speed digital imaging (HSDI) and to clarify the correlations between HSDI-derived parameters and traditional vocal parameters.

Method
HSDI was performed in 20 vocally healthy subjects (8 men and 12 women) and 41 patients with sulcus vocalis (33 men and 8 women). Then HSDI data were evaluated by assessing the visual–perceptual rating, digital kymography, and glottal area waveform.

Results
Patients with sulcus vocalis frequently had spindle-shaped glottal gaps and a decreased mucosal wave. Compared with the control group, the sulcus vocalis group showed higher open quotient as well as a shorter duration of the visible mucosal wave, a smaller speed index, and a smaller glottal area difference index ([maximal glottal area – minimal glottal area]/maximal glottal area). These parameters deteriorated in order of the control group and Type I, II, and III sulcus vocalis. There were no gender-related differences. Strong correlations were noted between the open quotient and the type of sulcus vocalis.

Conclusions
HSDI was an effective method for documenting the characteristics of vocal fold vibrations in patients with sulcus vocalis and estimating the severity of dysphonia.
Use of All-polyethylene Tibial Components in Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Increases the Risk of Early Failure
Authors: Koh In , Suhl Kyung , Kim Min , Kim Man , Choi Keun , In Yong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAll-polyethylene (all-poly) tibial designs in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been reconsidered with excellent clinical outcomes, survivorship, and cost-effectiveness. However, whether all-poly tibial components provided comparable results to metal-backed modular components during unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) remains unclear. This study compared the clinical outcomes and prevalence of early failure between all-poly and metal-backed modular components in UKA. We retrospectively reviewed the records and radiographs of 101 consecutive UKAs. In total, 51 UKAs were performed using all-poly tibial components; 50 others used metal-backed modular components. Clinical and radiographic outcomes, adaptive bone remodeling assessed by radiographic bone density, and early failure prevalence rates were compared. Despite a lack of group differences in clinical and radiographic outcomes (p > 0.1 in all comparisons), adaptive bone remodeling at 2 years after surgery of all-poly UKAs was more progressive compared with metal-backed UKAs (1.2 in all-poly UKA group vs. 0.9 in metal-backed UKA group, p < 0.001). In addition, 6 of 51 all-poly UKAs failed within 2 years postoperatively, whereas no metal-backed UKAs failed (11% in all-poly UKA group vs. 0% in metal-backed UKA group, p = 0.027). All-poly tibial component use during UKA increased the risk of early failure, which may be due to a failure in tibial loading distribution.
Characterization of chicken interferon-inducible transmembrane protein-10
Authors: Okuzaki Yuya , Kidani Shunsuke , Kaneoka Hidenori , Iijima Shinji , Nishijima Ken-ichi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInterferon-inducible transmembrane protein (IFITM) family proteins are antivirus factors. In the present study, we examined the expression pattern of chicken IFITM10 using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In adult chickens, IFITM10 levels were markedly lower than those of IFITM3, which exhibits antivirus activity. On the other hand, IFITM10 was expressed in levels similar to those of IFITM3 in embryonic organs. Primordial germ cells in 2.5-d embryos expressed high levels of IFITM10, which gradually decreased with time. The interferon-α stimulation of embryonic fibroblast cells did not enhance the expression of IFITM10. The forced expression of IFITM10 slightly inhibited the infectivity of the VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vector. Furthermore, cell fusion was inhibited by IFITM10 when HeLa cells transfected with the VSV-G expression vector were treated with low pH buffer. Although it remains unclear whether IFITM10 inhibits viral infections under physiological conditions, these results suggest that chicken IFITM10 exhibits antivirus activity.
Tyramine and β-phenylethylamine, from fermented food products, as agonists for the human trace amine-associated receptor 1 (hTAAR1) in the stomach
Authors: Ohta Hiroto , Takebe Youhei , Murakami Yuka , Takahama Yusei , Morimura Shigeru 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The aromatic amines tyramine and β-phenylethylamine are abundant in fermented foods. Recently, a family of human trace amine-associated receptors (hTAARs) was discovered that responds to these compounds. This study examined the expression of hTAAR genes in five human organs. Among them, the stomach expressed hTAAR1 and hTAAR9. Interestingly, more hTAAR1 was expressed in the pylorus than in the other stomach regions. The CRE-SEAP reporter assay revealed that only hTAAR1 functioned as a Gs-coupled receptor in response to tyramine and β-phenylethylamine stimulation. The β-phenylethylamine-mediated hTAAR1 activity could be potentiated using 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. These data suggest that tyramine and β-phenylethylamine in fermented foods act at hTAAR1 as agonists in the pylorus of stomach.
Design of a fast echo matching algorithm to reduce crosstalk with Doppler shifts in ultrasonic ranging
Authors: Liu Lei , Guo Rui , Wu Jun-an 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Crosstalk is a main factor for wrong distance measurement by ultrasonic sensors, and this problem becomes more difficult to deal with under Doppler effects. In this paper, crosstalk reduction with Doppler shifts on small platforms is focused on, and a fast echo matching algorithm (FEMA) is proposed on the basis of chaotic sequences and pulse coding technology, then verified through applying it to match practical echoes. Finally, we introduce how to select both better mapping methods for chaotic sequences, and algorithm parameters for higher achievable maximum of cross-correlation peaks. The results indicate the following: logistic mapping is preferred to generate good chaotic sequences, with high autocorrelation even when the length is very limited; FEMA can not only match echoes and calculate distance accurately with an error degree mostly below 5%, but also generates nearly the same calculation cost level for static or kinematic ranging, much lower than that by direct Doppler compensation (DDC) with the same frequency compensation step; The sensitivity to threshold value selection and performance of FEMA depend significantly on the achievable maximum of cross-correlation peaks, and a higher peak is preferred, which can be considered as a criterion for algorithm parameter optimization under practical conditions.
Ideal Site for Skin Temperature Probe Placement on Infants in the NICU
Authors: Joseph Rachel A. , Derstine Sarah , Killian Michaela 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Maintaining normothermia and prevention of hypothermia are critical determinants of morbidity and mortality in infants. Noninvasive monitoring of skin temperature using skin temperature probes (STPs) has been a practice in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) for decades. Incubators and radiant warmers use feedback mechanisms from the STP readings to determine the heat output to maintain normothermia. Placing the STP on an ideal site on the infant's body is essential for optimum servo control of the temperature. More importantly, where is the ideal site for the STP placement? Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) vary on information regarding the site and proper placement of the STPs. The literature is analyzed to identify evidence for the ideal STP placement on infants in NICUs.

Purpose:
To review the literature for evidence for ideal placement for skin temperature probe placement on an infant.

Search Strategy:
OVID/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane databases, and CPGs were searched to identify research, literature reviews, and guidelines for ideal sites for STP placement. Twenty documents were reviewed.

Results:
Guidelines vary in suggested sites for STP placement. The majority of the studies compared temperature measurement between abdomen and axilla. Although a Cochrane review found abdominal skin as an ideal site, other studies did not find any difference between axially and abdominal skin temperature measurements.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Placing the STP on an ideal site is essential for accurate and safe monitoring of skin temperature in infants. NICU nurses are uniquely positioned to undertake research to identify the ideal site for STP placement to guide safe practice and impact optimal neonatal outcome.
Negative Stress Examination Under Anesthesia Reliably Predicts Pelvic Ring Union Without Displacement
Authors: Whiting Paul S. , Auston Darryl , Avilucea Frank R. , Ross Daniel , Archdeacon Michael , Sciadini Marcus , Collinge Cory A. , Sagi Henry C. , Mir Hassan R. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives:
To identify the negative predictive value of examination under anesthesia (EUA) for determining pelvic ring stability and union without further displacement.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Two academic Level 1 trauma centers.

Patients/Participants:
Thirty-four adult patients with closed pelvic ring injuries treated over a 5-year period.

Interventions:
Pelvic stress EUA.

Main Outcome Measures:
Pelvic ring union and pelvic ring displacement at final follow-up.

Results:
Thirty-four patients with closed pelvic ring injuries who underwent pelvic EUA during the study period and had a negative examination (indicating a stable pelvis) were identified. Mean age was 38 years (range 16–76), and 19 patients (55.9%) were male. Twenty-two patients (64.7%) had Young–Burgess lateral compression (LC)-1 injuries with complete sacral fractures, 4 patients (11.8%) had LC-2 injuries, and 8 patients (23.5%) had anteroposterior compression (APC)-1 injuries. Eight patients (23.5%) had associated injuries requiring restricted weight-bearing on one or both lower extremities and were excluded from the analysis. Immediate weight-bearing as tolerated was permitted bilaterally in the remaining 26 patients. Mean pelvic ring displacement at the time of injury was 3.8 mm (range 1–15 mm) for LC injuries and 9.1 mm (range 2–20 mm) for APC injuries. Patients were followed for a mean of 8 months (range 3–34 months). At final follow-up, mean displacement was 3.7 mm (range 0–17 mm) for LC injuries and 7.1 mm (range 2–19 mm) for APC injuries. Mean change in displacement from injury to union was −0.1 mm for LC injuries and −2.0 mm for APC injuries, indicating decreased pelvic ring displacement at union. All patients were able to tolerate full weight-bearing bilaterally with no pain, and there were no instances of delayed operative fixation after negative EUA.

Conclusions:
Negative pelvic EUA after closed pelvic ring injury accurately predicts pelvic stability and union without displacement after nonoperative treatment with full weight-bearing bilaterally. Unless otherwise dictated by associated injuries, immediate weight-bearing as tolerated seems safe in patients with pelvic ring injuries who have had a negative EUA.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.