bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of silica functionalized with silanes on migration of heavy metals in soil
Authors: Grzesiak Piotr , Łukaszyk Joanna , Gabała Elżbieta , Kurczewska Joanna , Schroeder Grzegorz 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
3-Mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane and [3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl]trimethoxysilane were used to functionalize the surface of silica from Piotrowice in Poland to stabilize heavy metals (HMs) and arsenic in soil. The soil for the study was sampled from the impact zone of Głogów Copper Smelter and Refinery. The soil samples were exposed to five-step Tessier sequential extraction. The speciation studies were limited to five sequentially defined fractions in which metal content was determined. The addition of unmodified silica did not affect significantly the concentration of metals in individual fractions. Significant changes were noted upon introduction of functionalized silica in the soil. The hybrid formulations obtained significantly reduce the release of heavy metals and arsenic from soil sorption complex. The results indicate the potential use of functional formulations for reduction of metal migration in soil in the areas of exceeded concentration of heavy metals and arsenic in the soil, caused by industrial activity.
A study on the effect of parameters on lactic acid production from whey
Authors: Taleghani Hamidreza Ghafouri , Najafpour Ghasem D. , Ghoreyshi Ali Asghar 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In batch fermentation of whey, selection of suitable species at desired conditions such as substrate, product concentrations, temperature and inoculum size were investigated. Four Lactobacillus species and one Lactococcus species were screened for lactic acid production. Among them L. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 were selected for further studies. The optimal growth of the selected organism for variable size of inocula was examined. The results indicated that inoculum size had insignificant effect on the cell and lactic acid concentration. The effect of temperature was also studied at 32, 37, 42 and 47°C. Results showed that the concentration of cell dry weight increased with increment of temperature from 32 to 42°C. The maximum cell and lactic acid concentration was obtained at 42°C. The effect of initial substrate concentration on lactic acid production was also examined. The optimum initial lactose concentration was found to be 90 g/l.
Environmental impact of fertilizer use and slow release of mineral nutrients as a response to this challenge
Authors: Lubkowski Krzysztof 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This paper presents the most important issues relating to the influence of mineral fertilizers on both the natural environment and human and animal health. The physiological, environmental and economic impact of fertilizer production and application, resulted from a low assimilation of mineral components by crops, has been described. The research on the development and production of a large and diverse group of materials with slow-release properties that can increase the effectiveness of nutrient uptake, alleviate the negative influence of fertilizers on the environment and reduce labor and energy consumption associated with the use of conventional fertilizers, has been reviewed.
A pore scale study on fluid flow through two dimensional dual scale porous media with small number of intraparticle pores
Authors: Sabet Safa , Mobedi Moghtada , Ozgumus Turkuler 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In the present study, the fluid flow in a periodic, non-isotropic dual scale porous media consisting of permeable square rods in inline arrangement is analyzed to determine permeability, numerically. The continuity and Navier-Stokes equations are solved to obtain the velocity and pressure distributions in the unit structures of the dual scale porous media for flows within Darcy region. Based on the obtained results, the intrinsic inter and intraparticle permeabilities and the bulk permeability tensor of the dual scale porous media are obtained for different values of inter and intraparticle porosities. The study is performed for interparticle porosities between 0.4 and 0.75 and for intraparticle porosities from 0.2 to 0.8. A correlation based on Kozeny-Carman relationship in terms of inter and intraparticle porosities and permeabilities is proposed to determine the bulk permeability tensor of the dual scale porous media.
Novel process integration for biodiesel blend in membrane reactive divided wall (MRDW) column
Authors: Sakhre Vandana , Jain Sanjeev , Sapkal Vilas S. , Agarwal Dev P. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The paper proposes a novel process integration for biodiesel blend in the Membrane assisted Reactive Divided Wall Distillation (MRDW) column. Biodiesel is a green fuel and grade of biodiesel blend is B20 (%) which consist of 20% biodiesel and rest 80% commercial diesel. Instead of commercial diesel, Tertiary Amyl Ethyl Ether (TAEE) was used as an environment friendly fuel for blending biodiesel. Biodiesel and TAEE were synthesized in a pilot scale reactive distillation column. Dual reactive distillation and MRDW were simulated using aspen plus. B20 (%) limit calculation was performed using feed flow rates of both TAEE and biodiesel. MRDW was compared with dual reactive distillation column and it was observed that MRDW is comparatively cost effective and suitable in terms of improved heat integration and flow pattern.
The influence of the ageing-fatigue degradation on the mechanical properties of glass-reinforced composites
Authors: Szymiczek Małgorzata , Rojek Maciej , Wróbel Gabriel 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Drawing up diagnostic relations between thermal characteristics determined in thermal imaging examinations and mechanical properties, allowing for forecasting the state of material during the use, was a purpose of the work. Research was performed on polyester – glass composites which were subjected to the ageing-fatigue degradation process in a device created specifically for that purpose. It was indicated how to assess the degree of the decline, taking into account the fall in material strength properties. The basis of a method was measurement of changes in temperature in activated thermal processes. Relations between changes of the speed of heating and cooling were related to the bending strength and the modulus of elasticity. Diagnoses were backed up with microscopic examinations.
Green Chemistry: Progress and Barriers
Authors: Green Sarah A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Green chemistry can advance both the health of the environment and the primary objectives of the chemical enterprise: to understand the behavior of chemical substances and to use that knowledge to make useful substances. We expect chemical research and manufacturing to be done in a manner that preserves the health and safety of workers; green chemistry extends that expectation to encompass the health and safety of the planet. While green chemistry may currently be treated as an independent branch of research, it should, like safety, eventually become integral to all chemistry activities. While enormous progress has been made in shifting from “brown” to green chemistry, much more effort is needed to effect a sustainable economy. Implementation of new, greener paradigms in chemistry is slow because of lack of knowledge, ends-justify-the-means thinking, systems inertia, and lack of financial or policy incentives.
Effect of alkali treatment on the flexural properties of a Luffa cylindrica-reinforced epoxy composite
Authors: Mohanta Niharika , Acharya Samir K. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of NaOH concentration and treatment time on the flexural properties of Luffa cylindrica fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. Significant improvement (up to 84.92%) in the flexural properties for the treated fiber composite compared with the untreated fiber composite was observed. Both treated and untreated fiber composites were then subjected to different environmental treatments (saline water, distilled water, and subzero temperature). To find out the changes in flexural strength immediately after treatment, the same test was carried out on the composites. Degradation in the flexural strength of both treated and untreated fiber composites, when subjected to environmental treatments, was observed. They were found within the range of 2%–20% and were found to be least in subzero treatment. The SEM micrograph indicates that alkali treatment is effective in improving the adhesion between the fiber and matrix.
A review on the intensification of metal matrix composites and its nonconventional machining
Authors: Srivastava Ashish Kumar , Dixit Amit Rai , Tiwari Sandeep 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are the new-generation advanced materials that have excellent mechanical properties, such as high specific strength, strong hardness, and strong resistance to wear and corrosion. All these qualities make MMCs suitable material in the manufacture of automobiles and aircraft. The machining of these materials is still difficult due to the abrasive nature of the reinforced particles and hardness of MMCs. The conventional machining of MMCs results in high tool wear and slow removal of materials, thereby increasing the overall machining cost. The nonconventional machining of these materials, on the contrary, ensures much better performance. This paper reviews various research works on the development of MMCs and the subsequent hybrid composites and evaluates their performances. Further, it discusses the influence of the process parameters of conventional and nonconventional machining on the performance of MMCs. At the end, it identifies the research gaps and future scopes for further investigations in this field.
Preparation of PAA/WO3 composite films with enhanced electrochromism via layer-by-layer method
Authors: Xu Na , Shen Xiaodong , Cui Sheng , Yi Xibin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The polyacrylic acid/tungsten oxide (PAA/WO3) composite films with good electrochromic properties have been prepared by a layer-by-layer method. The porous PAA layers were used as a template for the deposition of WO3, and finally, the composite film showed a network structure with high porosity. The electrochromic performance of the PAA/WO3 composite film was investigated by means of cyclic voltammogram (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and transmittance measurements. The PAA/WO3 film also exhibited a remarkable electrochromism ability with the reversible color change from transparent colorless to dark blue and the transmittance change from 83% to 24% at 620 nm. This research provided a cost-effective approach for the preparation of PAA/WO3 composite films with controllable microstructure and good electrochromic property.
Studies on mechanical properties of thermoplastic composites prepared from flax-polypropylene needle punched nonwovens
Authors: Giri Dev V.R. , Dhanakodi A.K.P. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites using flax and polypropylene were prepared using compression molding process. Needle punched nonwovens were used as preforms for preparing the composites. Three variables namely fiber weight proportion, areal weight of the mat, and needling density were chosen for the study. Modified Taguchi L18 experimental design with dummy variable was chosen for the study and the effect of the above variables on tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites were studied. By altering the fiber weight proportion and areal weight of the mat, tensile and flexural properties improved. An increase in 34% of tensile strength and 40% of flexural strength has been observed. Impact properties of the composites were significantly altered by modifying the process variables. Increasing the needling density led to a decrease in overall mechanical properties of the composites.
The structural properties of the anagram in poetry
Authors: Sasso Giampaolo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article illustrates the main theoretical and practical problem of the study of the anagram in poetry, the still unknown entity of the anagrammatic combination, which requires specific software in order to perform a structural analysis of the text. This difficulty explains the failure of Saussure’s original hypotheses and the gradual decline, following the rediscovery of his work, of the interest of researchers in this subject. However, some poems (by Blake, Moore, Mallarmé, Valéry, Apollinaire, and Leopardi) illustrate the enormous potential of the anagram for the structural analysis of poetic texts: the study of formal structure, of semantic-thematic nuclei and of metaphor, together with the main criteria for examining, with some simplification, the anagrammatic combination. An explanation is also offered for anagrammatic and grammatical-syntactic cooperation, involving the current theory of the lemma. At the time of the generation of a poetic text, the anagram acts as an associative intermediary between the combinatory matrix of the signifieds and the combinatory matrix of the signifiers, producing a lexical selection that gives anagrammatic coherence to the text. This associative intermediary enables us to understand the particular recursive function of semiosis in poetry that is given a distinct unity by the anagram.
„Jeder hat es gesehen. … Keiner hat was gesagt.“ / Machtmissbrauch und sexualisierte Gewalt im Kinder- und Jugendsport
Authors: Rulofs Bettina 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung
Sexualisierte Gewalt gehört zu den lang tabuisierten Themen unserer Gesellschaft. Die in jüngster Zeit bekannt gewordenen Fälle von sexualisierter Gewalt in pädagogischen Institutionen werden im vorliegenden Beitrag zum Anlass genommen, den Fragen nachzugehen, was bislang über sexualisierte Gewalt im Sport bekannt ist und welche Strukturen und Prozesse gerade in Organisationen des Sports zu sexualisierter Gewalt und ihrer Verdeckung beitragen können. Dazu wird sowohl der Forschungsstand über sexualisierte Gewalt im Sport und in pädagogischen Institutionen herangezogen, als auch ein durch qualitative Forschung generiertes Fallbeispiel von Machtmissbrauch und sexualisierter Gewalt im Kontext des Sports rekonstruiert und analysiert.
Uncertainty estimation for linearised inverse problems comparing Bayesian inference and a pseudoinverse approach for acoustic transmission measurements
Authors: Feldmann Nadine , Bause Fabian , Henning Bernd 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The determination of acoustic material parameters using ultrasonic transmission measurements can mathematically be
described as an inverse problem. The question concerning the influence of uncertainties on the problem's solution can be
answered using a statistical approach. Therefore, the sources of uncertainty have to be identified statistically. A method
for linearising the model function using the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement is introduced
for inverse problems. The statistical inversion of the model is executed by means of two different approaches, that are
compared and interpreted exemplarily.
Comprehensive study of serratia peptidase immobilization from Serratia sp. ZF03 onto chitosan nanogels
Authors: Salarizadeh Navvabeh , Hasannia Sadegh , Sajedi Reza Hassan , Lamei Navid , Mohsenifar Afshin , Noghabi Kambiz Akbari 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objective
In the present work, we have extended the study and immobilized the metalloprotease enzyme in glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan nanogels to scrutinize the enzyme’s features including stability over its soluble free form.

Method
The immobilized metalloprotease was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), followed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The enzyme is optimally active at 50°C and pH range of 8.0–10.

Results
Thermal stability of the enzyme enhanced when immobilized on the nanogel. After 5 min of incubation at 50°C, immobilized enzymes retained 60% of their original activity, while negligible activity (23%) was observed in the case of the free enzyme.

Conclusion
The results obtained here provide a powerful demonstration of the benefits of taking the glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan matrices to enhance metalloprotease stability. The high stability of the immobilized enzyme serves to improve its performance for possible application on the industrial scale.
Lhx2 Determines Odorant Receptor Expression Frequency in Mature Olfactory Sensory Neurons
Authors: Zhang Guangfan , Titlow William B. , Biecker Stephanie M. , Stromberg Arnold J. , McClintock Timothy S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA developmental program of epigenetic repression prepares each mammalian olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) to strongly express one allele from just one of hundreds of odorant receptor (OR) genes, but what completes this process of OR gene choice by driving the expression of this allele is incompletely understood. Conditional deletion experiments in mice demonstrate that Lhx2 is necessary for normal expression frequencies of nearly all ORs and all trace amine-associated receptors, irrespective of whether the deletion ofLhx2is initiated in immature or mature OSNs. Given previous evidence that Lhx2 binds OR gene control elements, these findings indicate that Lhx2 is directly involved in driving OR expression. The data also support the conclusion that OR expression is necessary to allow immature OSNs to complete differentiation and become mature. In contrast to the robust effects of conditional deletion ofLhx2, the loss of Emx2 has much smaller effects and more often causes increased expression frequencies. Lhx2:Emx2 double mutants show opposing effects onOlfr15expression that reveal independent effects of these two transcription factors. While Lhx2 is necessary for OR expression that supports OR gene choice, Emx2 can act differently; perhaps by helping to control the availability of OR genes for expression.
Integrated Post-GWAS Analysis Sheds New Light on the Disease Mechanisms of Schizophrenia
Authors: Lin Jhih-Rong , Cai Ying , Zhang Quanwei , Zhang Wen , Nogales-Cadenas Rubén , Zhang Zhengdong D 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSchizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a large genetic component. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many schizophrenia-associated common variants. For most of the reported associations, however, the underlying biological mechanisms are not clear. The critical first step for their elucidation is to identify the most likely disease genes as the source of the association signals. Here, we describe a general computational framework of post-GWAS analysis for complex disease gene prioritization. We identify 132 putative schizophrenia risk genes in 76 risk regions spanning 120 schizophrenia-associated common variants, 78 of which have not been recognized as schizophrenia disease genes by previous GWAS. Even more significantly, 29 of them are outside the risk regions, likely under regulation of transcriptional regulatory elements contained therein. These putative schizophrenia risk genes are transcriptionally active in both brain and the immune system, and highly enriched among cellular pathways, consistent with leading pathophysiological hypotheses about the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. With their involvement in distinct biological processes, these putative schizophrenia risk genes, with different association strengths, show distinctive temporal expression patterns, and play specific biological roles during brain development.
Реальное и фантастическое в «Утопии» Т. Мора
Authors: Паниотова Таисия Сергеевна 
Published: October 2016

<p>Статья посвящена рассмотрению соотношения факта и вымысла в романе «Утопия» Т. Мора (1478–1535), великого гуманиста, стоящего у истоков английского Возрождения и эпохи Модерна. 500-летняя годовщина выхода в свет Libellus vere aureus, nec minus salutaris quam festivus, de optimo rei publicae statu deque nova insula Utopia служит прекрасным поводом для переосмысления исторического места произведения в мировой культуре. В статье раскрывается диалектика реального и фантастического, правды и вымысла в «Утопии».</p><p>По устоявшемуся мнению, «Утопия» Т. Мора сформировала парадигму нового литературного жанра и нового способа размышления о будущем в форме фантастики. Само название острова, основанное на игре слов ou-topos / eu- topos; различных мест и действующих лиц (город Амаурот — «туманный», река Анидр — Безводная, Гитлодей — «сведущий в чепухе» и т. п.), а также многие характеристики идеального общества, слабо связанные с реальностью того времени, казалось бы, свидетельствуют об абсолютном господстве вымысла. Но ряд авторов считают иначе. Согласно Моргану книга Мора, взятая в целом — не фантастика, а рассказ о путешествии в Перу. Другие авторы историчность и реалистичность «Утопии» усматривают в описаниях острова Куба, третьи находят сходство обычаев утопистов с обычаями коренных народов Америки, четвертые обращают внимание на адресный характер критики социальных порядков.</p><p>Для выяснения соотношения реального и вымышленного автор принимает во внимание всю совокупность обстоятельств, связанных с написанием «Утопии». Среди них: пребывание Мора в Антверпене в 1515 г.; присутствие реальных исторических лиц П. Эгидия (Петр Жиль), кардинала Дж. Мортон, и т. д. Следует учитывать источники, которые могли послужить источником информации о Новом Свете: письма Х. Колумба, дневники путешественников, вышедшую 1503 г. книжку А. Веспуччи «Новый Свет», «Декады» П. Мартира де Англериа.</p><p>К разнообразной информации о Новом Свете, где реальное было перемешано с фантастическим, Мор относился критически и с долей иронии. Далекий от беспочвенного фантазирования, мыслитель четко очерчивал круг своих интересов: социальные факторы процветания государства и общества. </p>
Проблемы формирования временной перспективы детей-сирот подросткового возраста (библиографический обзор)
Authors: Федотова Наталья Игоревна 
Published: October 2016

<p>В данной статье представлен обзор имеющихся в отечественной науке исследований, посвященных проблеме формирования временной перспективы детей-сирот подросткового возраста.</p><p>Эта проблема рассматривается как с точки зрения индивидуальной биографии и жизненного пути личности (К. А. Абульханова-Славская, Е. И. Головаха, А. А. Кроник, C. JI. Рубинштейн и др.), субъективных представлений о времени (В. И. Ковалев, Л. Ю. Кублицкене и др.), так и с точки зрения психологического времени (В. Г. Асеев, Р. А. Ахмеров, Ж. Нюттен, И. А. Ральникова и др.). При этом продолжает оставаться значимой проблема психологического времени в подростковом возрасте, так как именно в этот период проявляется осознание себя и своей жизни во времени (И. А. Демина, Л. А. Регуш и др.).</p><p>В работах А. М. Прихожан, Н. Н. Толстых отмечается, что в ситуации утраты семьи, резкого изменения социальной действительности осуществление жизненных планов, самоопределение личности у подростков, воспитывающихся без семьи, сталкивается с реальными противоречиями между необходимостью и возможностью долговременного планирования ими своей жизни, а также приводит к отсутствию планов на будущее, нежеланию их строить. Для них характерны ситуативность желаний, слабая ориентированность на будущее, отсутствие временного плана собственных действий.</p><p>В результате многочисленных исследований было установлено, что столкновение личности с психотравмирующими событиями влечет за собой отсутствие желания планировать свое будущее и негативное отношение к нему. Во многих отечественных исследованиях высказывается идея формирования особого типа личности у ребенка, воспитывающегося в детском доме.</p><p>У воспитанников закрытых детских учреждений отсутствуют мотивы и представления, связанные с прошлым, наблюдается проекция травмирующих факторов в будущее. У них отмечается доминирование краткосрочных целей, «замыкание» на настоящем, неумение смотреть вперед и связывать актуальные события своего будущего с наиболее важными событиями прошлого, отсутствует реальное видение собственной жизни. </p>