bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interviewers’ Ratings of Respondents’ Health: Predictors and Association With Mortality
Authors: Garbarski Dana , Schaeffer Nora Cate , Dykema Jennifer 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesRecent research indicates that survey interviewers’ ratings of respondents’ health (IRH) may provide supplementary health information about respondents in surveys of older adults. Although IRH is a potentially promising measure of health to include in surveys, our understanding of the factors contributing to IRH remains incomplete.MethodsWe use data from the 2011 face-to-face wave of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, a longitudinal study of older adults from the Wisconsin high school class of 1957 and their selected siblings. We first examine whether a range of factors predict IRH: respondents’ characteristics that interviewers learn about and observe as respondents answer survey questions, interviewers’ evaluations of some of what they observe, and interviewers’ characteristics. We then examine the role of IRH, respondents’ self-rated health (SRH), and associated factors in predicting mortality over a 3-year follow-up.ResultsAs in prior studies, we find that IRH is associated with respondents’ characteristics. In addition, this study is the first to document how IRH is associated with both interviewers’ evaluations of respondents and interviewers’ characteristics. Furthermore, we find that the association between IRH and the strong criterion of mortality remains after controlling for respondents’ characteristics and interviewers’ evaluations of respondents.DiscussionWe propose that researchers incorporate IRH in surveys of older adults as a cost-effective, easily implemented, and supplementary measure of health.
Aging and Disability Among Hispanics in the United States: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
Authors: Garcia Marc A , Downer Brian , Crowe Michael , Markides Kyriakos S 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Hispanics are the most rapidly aging minority population in the United States. Our objective is to provide a summary of current knowledge regarding disability among Hispanics, and to propose an agenda for future research.

Research Design and Methods
A literature review was conducted to identify major areas of research. A life course perspective and the Hispanic Paradox were used as frameworks for the literature review and for identifying future areas of research.

Results
Four research areas were identified: (1) Ethnic disparities in disability; (2) Heterogeneity of the U.S. older Hispanic population; (3) Risk factors for disability; and (4) Disabled life expectancy. Older Hispanics are more likely than non-Hispanic whites to be disabled or to become disabled. Disability varied by country of origin, nativity, age of migration, and duration in the United States. Important risk factors for disability included chronic health conditions, depression, and cognitive impairment. Protective factors included positive affect and physical activity. Older Hispanics have longer life expectancy than non-Hispanic whites but spend a greater proportion of old age disabled. Future research should continue to monitor trends in disability as younger generations of Hispanics reach old age. Attention needs to be given to regional variation within the United States for disability prevalence, early-life risk factors, and factors that may contribute to variation in disabled life expectancy. There is also an urgent need for interventions that can effectively prevent or delay the onset of disability in older Hispanics.

Discussion and Implications
Considerable research has examined disability among older Hispanics, but continued research is needed. It is important that research findings be used to inform public policies that can address the burden of disability for older Hispanic populations.
On one-parametric formula relating the frequencies of twin-peak quasi-periodic oscillations
Authors: Török Gabriel , Goluchová Kateřina , Šrámková Eva , Horák Jiří , Bakala Pavel , Urbanec Martin 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Twin-peak quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are observed in several low-mass X-ray binary systems containing neutron stars. Timing the analysis of X-ray fluxes of more than dozen of such systems reveals remarkable correlations between the frequencies of two characteristic peaks present in the power density spectra. The individual correlations clearly differ, but they roughly follow a common individual pattern. High values of measured QPO frequencies and strong modulation of the X-ray flux both suggest that the observed correlations are connected to orbital motion in the innermost part of an accretion disc. Several attempts to model these correlations with simple geodesic orbital models or phenomenological relations have failed in the past. We find and explore a surprisingly simple analytic relation that reproduces individual correlations for a group of several sources through a single parameter. When an additional free parameter is considered within our relation, it well reproduces the data of a large group of 14 sources. The very existence and form of this simple relation support the hypothesis of the orbital origin of QPOs and provide the key for further development of QPO models. We discuss a possible physical interpretation of our relation’s parameters and their links to concrete QPO models.
Exploring Parental and Staff Perceptions of the Family-Integrated Care Model
Authors: Broom Margaret , Parsons Georgia , Carlisle Hazel , Kecskes Zsuzsoka , Thibeau Shelley 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Family-integrated care (FICare) is an innovative model of care developed at Mount Sinai Hospital, Canada, to better integrate parents into the team caring for their infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The effects of FICare on neonatal outcomes and parental anxiety were assessed in an international multicenter randomized trial. As an Australian regional level 3 NICU that was randomized to the intervention group, we aimed to explore parent and staff perceptions of the FICare program in our dual occupancy NICU.

Subjects and Design:
This qualitative study took place in a level 3 NICU with 5 parent participants and 8 staff participants, using a post implementation review design.

Methods:
Parents and staff perceptions of FICare were explored through focus group methodology. Thematic content analysis was done on focus group transcripts.

Results:
Parents and staff perceived the FICare program to have had a positive impact on parental confidence and role attainment and thought that FICare improved parent-to-parent and parent-to-staff communication. Staff reported that nurses working with families in the program performed less hands-on care and spent more time educating and supporting parents.

Implications for Practice:
FICare may change current NICU practice through integrating and accepting parents as active members of the infant's care team. In addition, nurse's roles may transition from bedside carer to care coordinator, educating and supporting parents during their journey through the NICU.

Implications for Research:
Further research is needed to assess the long-term impact of FICare on neonates, parents, and staff.
DosOpt: A Tool for Personalized Bayesian Dose Adjustment of Vancomycin in Neonates
Authors: Tasa Tõnis , Metsvaht Tuuli , Kalamees Riste , Vilo Jaak , Lutsar Irja 
Published: October 2017

Background:Our main aim has been to design a framework to improve vancomycin dosing in neonates. This required the development and verification of a computerized dose adjustment application, DosOpt, to guide the selection.Methods:Model fitting in DosOpt uses Bayesian methods for deriving individual pharmacokinetic (PK) estimates from population priors and patient therapeutic drug monitoring measurements. These are used to simulate concentration–time curves and target-constrained dose optimization. DosOpt was verified by assessing bias and precision through several error metrics and normalized prediction distribution errors on samples simulated from the Anderson et al PK model. The performance of DosOpt was also evaluated using retrospective clinical data. Achieved probabilities of target concentration attainment were benchmarked against corresponding attainments in our clinical retrospective data set.Results:Simulations showed no systemic forecast biases. Normalized prediction distribution error values of the base model were distributed by standardized Gaussian (P= 0.1), showing good model suitability. A retrospective test data set included 149 treatment episodes with 1–10 vancomycin concentration measurements per patient (median 2). Individual concentrations in PK estimation improved probability of target attainment and decreased the variance of the estimation. Including 3 individual concentrations in the kinetics estimation increased the probability of Ctroughattainment within 10–15 mg/L from 16% obtained with no individual data (95% confidence interval, 11%–24%) to 43% (21%–47%).Conclusions:DosOpt uses individual concentration data to estimate kinetics and find optimal doses that increase the probability of achieving desired trough concentrations. Its performance started to exceed target levels attained in retrospective clinical data sets with the inclusion of a single individual input concentration. This tool is freely available at http://www.biit.cs.ut.ee/DosOpt.
Companion and Complementary Diagnostics–Focus on PD-L1 Expression Assays for PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hersom Maria , Jørgensen Jan T. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract:
Over the last couple of decades, molecular diagnostics have played an increasing role in drug development. Especially within oncology, more and more drugs are being developed together with a predictive biomarker assay using the drug-diagnostic codevelopment model. Not only do these assays support the development process but also the use of the drugs after regulatory approval as an important treatment decision tool. When these predictive biomarker assays are linked to a specific drug, they are called companion diagnostics. Furthermore, these assays are also considered an important element in the realization of precision medicine. Today, 21 different drugs have obtained US FDA approval together with a companion diagnostic assay, and the requirement for testing is part of their regulatory labeling. More than half of these drugs are for treatment of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With the approval of the different programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors, for the treatment of advanced stage NSCLC, a new class of predictive biomarker assays—complementary diagnostics—has emerged. Until now, 3 immune checkpoint inhibitors have obtained regulatory approval for treatment of NSCLC, and they all have a biomarker assay linked to their use. However, only for pembrolizumab, the PD-L1 immunohistochemical (IHC) 22C3 pharmDx assay has status as a companion diagnostic. For nivolumab and atezolizumab, the assays PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx and Ventana PD-L1 (SP142) have status as complementary diagnostics, which means that there are no requirements for testing included in the labeling for these drugs. Here, the authors discuss the clinical performance of the different IHC PD-L1 expression assays including the selection of the clinical cutoff values.
Efficacy of Telerehabilitation for Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ownsworth Tamara , Arnautovska Urska , Beadle Elizabeth , Shum David H. K. , Moyle Wendy 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To identify and appraise studies evaluating the efficacy of telerehabilitation for adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods:
A systematic search of Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and PsycINFO databases was conducted from January 1980 to April 23, 2017, for studies evaluating the efficacy of telerehabilitation for adults with TBI. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for eligibility and rated methodological quality using 16 criteria related to internal validity, descriptive, and statistical characteristics.

Results:
The review yielded 13 eligible studies, including 10 randomized controlled trials and 3 pre-/postgroup studies (n ≥ 10). These evaluated the feasibility and/or efficacy of telephone-based (10 studies) and Internet-based (3 studies) interventions. Overall, the evidence of efficacy was somewhat mixed. The most common study design evaluated the efficacy of telephone-based interventions relative to usual care, for which 4 of 5 randomized controlled trials reported positive effects at postintervention (d = 0.28-0.51). For these studies, improvements in global functioning, posttraumatic symptoms and sleep quality, and depressive symptoms were reported. The feasibility of Internet-based interventions was generally supported; however, the efficacy could not be determined because of insufficient studies.

Conclusions:
Structured telephone interventions were found to be effective for improving particular outcomes following TBI. Controlled studies of Internet-based therapy and comparisons of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of in-person and telerehabilitation formats are recommended for future research.
Window to Hope: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychological Intervention for the Treatment of Hopelessness Among Veterans With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Brenner Lisa A. , Forster Jeri E. , Hoffberg Adam S. , Matarazzo Bridget B. , Hostetter Trisha A. , Signoracci Gina , Simpson Grahame K. 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy of a psychological intervention to reduce moderate to severe hopelessness among Veterans with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design:
Two-arm parallel group, controlled, randomized crossover trial, with 3-month follow-up for those initially allocated to treatment. Participants were randomly allocated in blocks of 4 on a 1:1 ratio to treatment (n = 15) or waitlist (n = 20) groups.

Setting:
A Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Participants:
Veterans between the ages of 26 and 65 years, with a history of moderate to severe TBI, and moderate to severe hopelessness.

Interventions:
A 20-hour manualized small group cognitive-behavioral intervention.

Main Outcome Measures:
Beck Hopelessness Scale (primary), Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation.

Results:
A significant difference between groups was found for postintervention scores on the Beck Hopelessness Scale (P = .03). Significant decreases were maintained at follow-up. For those initially allocated to the waitlist group who completed the intervention, treatment gains were noted in decreased hopelessness (P = .01) and depression (P = .003).

Conclusions:
Findings from this trial provide additional support for the efficacy of this method of psychological treatment of hopelessness among individuals with moderate to severe TBI.
Postconcussion Symptom Reporting After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Female Service Members: Impact of Gender, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Severity of Injury, and Associated Bodily Injuries
Authors: Lippa Sara M. , Brickell Tracey A. , Bailie Jason M. , French Louis M. , Kennedy Jan E. , Lange Rael T. 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
Examine effects of diagnostically relevant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity, and associated bodily injury severity on postconcussion symptom reporting in female service members (SM) compared with a matched sample of male SM.

Setting:
Six US military medical treatment facilities.

Participants:
A total of 158 SM (79 females, 79 males) evaluated within 30 months after mild TBI. Men and women were matched by age, days postinjury, PTSD symptom status, mild TBI severity, and bodily injury severity. All passed a measure of symptom validity.

Design:
Compare reported postconcussion symptoms for men and women stratified by PTSD diagnostic symptoms (present/absent), mild TBI severity (alteration of consciousness/loss of consciousness), and bodily injury severity (mild/moderate-severe).

Main Measures:
Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, PTSD Checklist, Abbreviated Injury Scale.

Results:
Overall postconcussion symptom reporting increased with PTSD but did not significantly differ based on severity of mild TBI or associated bodily injury. Females reported more somatosensory and/or vestibular symptoms than males under some circumstances. Females in the PTSD-Present group, Alteration of Consciousness Only group, and Moderate-Severe Bodily Injury group reported more somatosensory symptoms than males in those groups. Females in the Alteration of Consciousness Only group and Minor Bodily Injury group reported more vestibular symptoms than males in those groups.

Conclusion:
Diagnostically relevant PTSD symptoms, mild TBI severity, and bodily injury severity differentially impact somatosensory and vestibular postconcussion symptom reporting for male and female SM after mild TBI. Controlling for PTSD and symptom validity resulted in fewer gender-based differences in postconcussive symptoms than previously demonstrated in the literature.
Intracranial Pathology (CT+) in Emergency Department Patients With High GCS and High Standard Assessment of Concussion (SAC) Scores
Authors: Curley Kenneth C. , O'Neil Brian J. , Naunheim Rosanne , Wright David W. 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To demonstrate that a subpopulation of patients with mild/moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) had intracranial pathology despite having a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15 and a Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) score of 25 or higher.

Setting:
A network of 11 US emergency departments (ED) enrolling patients in a multisite study of TBI.

Participants:
Men and women between the ages of 18 and 85 years admitted to a participating ED having sustained a closed head injury within the prior 72 hours and a GCS score of 13 to 15 at the time of enrollment.

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Main Measures:
GCS, SAC, computed tomography (CT) positive or negative for intracranial pathology, Marshall scoring of CT scans.

Results:
Of 191 patients with intracranial pathology (CT+) and having a SAC score recorded, 24% (46/191) had a SAC score in the normal range (≥25) as well as a GCS score of 15. All causes of CT+ brain injury were present in both SAC groups.

Conclusion:
A normal GCS score and a SAC score do not exclude the possibility of significant intracranial injury.
Postrehabilitation Mental Health Treatment Utilization in Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury: A VA TBI Model Systems Study
Authors: Finn Jacob A. , Lamberty Greg J. , Tang Xinyu , Saylors Marie E. , Stevens Lillian Flores , Kretzmer Tracy 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To identify preinjury variables related to mental health treatment utilization at 2 years post-traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting:
Veterans Affairs (VA) TBI Model Systems includes 5 VA Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers.

Participants:
Veterans and service members enrolled in TBI Model Systems who completed the year 2 follow-up assessment and provided mental health information. Sample was largely male (97%) and White (72%), with median age of 30 years.

Design:
Participants with elevated mental health symptoms were identified by measures of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic distress; suicide attempt in the past year; or problematic substance use in the past year. Forty-seven percent of participants had elevated mental health symptoms at 2 years postinjury. Among those with elevated symptoms, comparisons were made between those who sought mental health treatment in past year and those who did not.

Main Measures:
Demographic, historic, environmental, psychological/mental health, and injury/rehabilitation variables.

Results:
Within the sample, 23% denied utilizing mental health services. Nonutilizers were more likely to deny a preinjury mental health treatment history, to report problematic substance use at year 2, and to report lower levels of internalizing symptoms than the treatment utilizers.

Conclusion:
Veterans and service members with elevated mental health symptoms may require tailored tactics to promote treatment utilization post-TBI.
Is burning mouth syndrome a neuropathic pain condition?
Authors: Jääskeläinen Satu K. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as an “intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily… more than 3 months, without clinically evident causative lesions” (IHS 2013). In addition to pain, taste alterations are frequent (dysgeusia, xerostomia). Although lacking clinical signs of neuropathy, more accurate diagnostic methods have shown neuropathic involvement at various levels of the neuraxis in BMS: peripheral small fiber damage (thermal quantitative sensory testing, electrogustatometry, epithelial nerve fiber density), trigeminal system lesions in the periphery or the brainstem (brainstem reflex recordings, trigeminal neurography, evoked potentials), or signs of decreased inhibition within the central nervous system (deficient brainstem reflex habituation, positive signs in quantitative sensory testing, neurotransmitter–positron emission tomography findings indicative of deficient striatal dopamine function). Abnormalities in electrogustatometry indicate the involvement of the small Aδ taste afferents, in addition to somatosensory small fibers. According to these findings, the clinical entity of BMS can be divided into 2 main subtypes compatible with either peripheral or central neuropathic pain, which may overlap in individual patients. The central type does not respond to local treatments and associates often with psychiatric comorbidity (depression or anxiety), whereas the peripheral type responds to peripheral lidocaine blocks and topical clonazepam. Burning mouth syndrome is most prevalent in postmenopausal women, having led to a hypothesis that BMS is triggered as a consequence of nervous system damage caused by neurotoxic factors affecting especially vulnerable small fibers and basal ganglia in a setting of decrease in neuroprotective gonadal hormones and increase in stress hormone levels, typical for menopause.