bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System, Antidiuretic Hormone Levels and Water Balance Under Tocolytic Therapy with Fenoterol and Verapamil
Authors: Grospietsch G. , Fenske M. , Girndt J. , Uhlich E. , Kuhn W. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe effects of long‐term infusion of fenoterol (a β2‐sympathomimetic drug) in combination with the calcium antagonist verapamil on water balance, the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system and antidiuretic hormone during pregnancy were studied. Within two hours of the start of infusion, plasma renin and antidiuretic hormone levels were significantly increased, but plasma aldosterone was strongly decreased. There was a concomitant marked reduction of urinary, sodium, and potassium excretion and a decreased creatinine clearance. The long‐lasting reduction of urinary excretion which resulted in an elevated water retention is apparently due to other unknown factors. Results are discussed with special regard to the relationship between water balance disturbances and pulmonary edema.
The Relation Between Apgar Score and Subsequent Developmental Functioning
Authors: Kreisler C. , Levin S. , Klutznik A. , Mintz M. , Aviram A. , Insler V. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA randomly selected sample of 252 infants aged 5‐18 months was evaluated through medical and developmental examinations. Developmental achievement scores and factors such as management of delivery and fetal distress were studied in relation to Apgar scores. Low‐Apgar‐score infants aged 5‐8 months achieved consistently lower scores on all developmental fields. High‐Apgar‐score infants at younger and older ages did not differ on their achievement scores. Low Apgar score was much more frequent in infants delivered by vacuum extraction than in those delivered spontaneously, with forceps or by cesarian section. The frequency of low Apgar score was higher when fetal distress occurred.
The Effects of Adrenalectomy in the Ovine Fetus
Authors: Ayromlooi Jahangir 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe effects of fetal lamb adrenalectomy (Adx) on brain function, metabolism and lung development were studied in seven experiments. Thirty‐two fetal adrenalectomies were performed at gestational ages ranging from 112 to 116 days. “Indwelling” catheters were placed in maternal and fetal circulation for chronic sampling in 15 experiments. All catheterized fetuses were spontaneously aborted within 25 days postsurgery. Of 17 noncatheterized fetuses, seven (five twins and two singletons) survived to near term (136‐144 days), at which time they were studied for the effects of Adx. Maternal plasma Cortisol concentration did not differ significantly between Adx and C (control) (Adx: 16.54 ± 2.54 μg%; C: 18.1 ± 2.65 μg%). Fetal plasma cortisol concentrations were significantly lower in Adx than in C fetuses (Adx: 1.56 μg% ± 0.35 μg%; C: 9.6 ± 2.43 μg%; p < 0.025).In mitogen tests, lymphocytes from C fetuses showed responses greater in magnitude than their Adx twins. Five of the seven Adx fetuses showed immature EEG tracing in comparison with the age‐matched control (twin C or singleton C). Quantitative measurement by light microscopy revealed significantly fewer giant alveolar or type II cells in four of six Adx fetuses, as opposed to the age‐matched twin C or singleton C (p < 0.01). The relative immaturity of the brain function and lung development in the third trimester Adx fetuses probably indicates that fetal adrenal glands are important in the development of these vital organs.
Perinatal Study in Tientsin: 1978
Authors: Lyle Katherine Ch'iu , Segal Sheldon J. , Chang Chih‐cheng , Ch'ien Li‐chuan 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTClinical records of a total of 3320 singleton births, representing the year 1978, at the two Tientsin Medical College Hospitals, Tientsin, People's Republic of China, were studied to ascertain (a) reproductive parameters such as the average age of the mothers at first and successive births and (b) the relationships between perinatal deaths, prematurity and birth weight and the mother's age, number of previous pregnancies, parity, maternal conditions in the prenatal and delivery period and operative procedures of delivery.
Assessment of Gestational Age of Nigerian Newborns Using Teeth Calcification
Authors: Odita J. C. , Omene J. A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe relationship between fetal teeth calcification and gestational age was evaluated in 54 Nigerian newborn chest radiographs. The first deciduous molar was found to calcify at the 33rd week of gestation and the second molar at the 36th week. The pattern of calcification of fetal teeth is similar to those of Caucasian infants, and there is no significant difference in teeth calcification between the sexes.
Laparoscopic Tubal Electrocoagulation for Sterilization: 5000 Cases
Authors: Limpaphayom Kobchitt , Reinprayoon Damrong , Aribarg Anek , Sinivongs Vongkulapat , Young John , Amatyakul Arun , Sindhuphak in , Witoonpanich Phairoj , Vaivanijkul Benchuab 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFive thousand cases of laparoscopic tubal electrocoagulation were performed for voluntary interval sterilization in outpatient Thai women from January 1974 through June 1978. Immediate complications occurring during surgery resulted from mesosalpingeal hemorrhage, which was successfully managed by omental packing with or without repeated electrocoagulation. The overall failure rate was 0.40%. The authors find this method of tubal electrocoagulation for fertility management to be reliable and safe as an outpatient procedure and to provide rapid convalescence.
Triplet Pregnancy: A Review of 27 Cases
Authors: Egwuatu V. E. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAnalysis of 27 consecutive triplet pregnancies seen at the University Teaching Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria, from 1972 to 1979 revealed an incidence of one in 1014 live births; three of these mothers had had a previous twin pregnancy. Overall fetal mortality was 30.9%, with babies of older women faring better than those of the younger. The fetal death rate was 1.8 times greater in the absence of antenatal supervision. Although the male infant was generally heavier at birth, sex did not influence survival and neither predominated. Surprisingly, vertex delivery, independent of birth order, was associated with the worst prognosis. All babies of sets having a combined birth weight of 2800 gm and under died; all those 5440 gm and above survived. Maturity, rather than birth weight, determined fetal survival, which was also unaffected by time interval between deliveries of a set. The first triplet did have the least birth hazard.
Compulsive Water Drinking in Pregnancy
Authors: Shalev Eliezer , Goldstein Dov , Zuckerman Henryk 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA case report of a pregnant woman with primary polydipsia is presented. The workup, including an investigation of the disturbance and the implications for fetal outcome, is described. The terms primary and secondary polydipsia are defined, and the differential diagnosis is discussed. Compulsive water drinking was finally diagnosed following psychiatric evaluation. A brief review of the literature concerning compulsive water drinking is presented.
Methylation of hemoglobin to enhance flocculant performance
Authors: Essandoh Matthew , Garcia Rafael A , Strahan Gary D 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDSynthetic organic polymer flocculants can be highly effective at clarifying suspensions, but these substances may also have negative environmental and health effects. Relatively few studies have been done using biobased flocculants, which are more environment friendly. Hemoglobin (Hb) has previously been demonstrated to be a promising flocculant of kaolin and lignin suspensions. This study examines the methylation of Hb side chain carboxyl groups for the purpose of improving its flocculation performance at near‐neutral pH.RESULTSPotentiometric titration of methylated Hb (MeHb) showed an approximately 28% degree of methylation when the Hb was suspended in methanol with 0.8 mol L−1 HCl for 48 h. Under some conditions, MeHb clarified suspensions of kaolin at one‐quarter the dose that was required for Hb. Furthermore, MeHb exhibited flocculant activity over a wide pH range, compared with Hb. The percentage of original turbidity removed was 37% for Hb while 60% of the original turbidity was removed for MeHb at near‐neutral pH (pH = 6.8).CONCLUSIONSVery small doses of methylated hemoglobin (MeHb) rapidly clarify suspensions of kaolin. The potential of MeHb as a biobased flocculant for the clarification of water for industrial or municipal use was demonstrated. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Attractors for a plate equation with nonlocal nonlinearities
Authors: Narciso Vando 
Published: January 2017

This paper contains results on well‐posedness, stability, and long‐time behavior of solutions to a class of plate models subject to damping and source terms given by the product of two nonlinear components [EQUATION1] where Ω is a bounded open set of Rn with smooth boundary, γ,ρ⩾0 and
are nonlocal functions. The main result states that the dynamical system {S(t)}t⩾0 associated with this problem has a compact global attractor. In addition, in the limit case γ = 0, it is also shown that {S(t)}t⩾0 has a finite dimensional global attractor by using an approach on quasi‐stability because of Chueshov–Lasiecka (2010). Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment with alpha‐galactosylceramide protects mice from early onset of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Role of intestinal barrier function
Authors: Engstler Anna Janina , Sellmann Cathrin , Jin Cheng Jun , Brandt Annette , Herz Kathleen , Priebs Josephine , Bergheim Ina 
Published: January 2017

ScopeThe role of invariant natural killer T cells in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not yet been fully understood. Here, the effect of the invariant natural killer T‐cell activator alpha‐galactosylceramide (αGalCer) on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and intestinal barrier function was assessed in a mouse model of early Western‐style diet (WSD) induced NASH.Methods and resultsFemale C57BL/6J mice were either fed a liquid control diet or a liquid fructose‐enriched WSD for 6 wk while being treated three times weekly with αGalCer (2 μg intraperitoneal) or vehicle. Indices of liver damage, glucose metabolism, and intestinal permeability were measured. Treatment with αGalCer markedly suppressed hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation while not affecting fasting glucose. The protective effects of αGalCer were associated with a protection against the increased translocation of bacterial endotoxins and the decreased protein levels of tight junction proteins occludin and zonula occludens 1 found in vehicle‐treated mice while being fed a WSD.ConclusionTaken together, our data suggest that the protective effects of αGalCer against the development of a diet‐induced NASH in mice are associated with a protection against the increased translocation of intestinal bacterial endotoxins associated with the development of NASH.
A quantitative symmetry‐based analysis of hyperacute ischemic stroke lesions in noncontrast computed tomography
Authors: Peter Roman , Korfiatis Panagiotis , Blezek Daniel , Oscar Beitia A. , Stepan‐Buksakowska Irena , Horinek Daniel , Flemming Kelly D. , Erickson Bradley J. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeEarly identification of ischemic stroke plays a significant role in treatment and potential recovery of damaged brain tissue. In noncontrast CT (ncCT), the differences between ischemic changes and healthy tissue are usually very subtle during the hyperacute phase (< 8 h from the stroke onset). Therefore, visual comparison of both hemispheres is an important step in clinical assessment. A quantitative symmetry‐based analysis of texture features of ischemic lesions in noncontrast CT images may provide an important information for differentiation of ischemic and healthy brain tissue in this phase.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐nine (139) ncCT scans of hyperacute ischemic stroke with follow‐up magnetic resonance diffusion‐weighted (MR‐DW) images were collected. The regions of stroke were identified in the MR‐DW images, which were spatially aligned to corresponding ncCT images. A state‐of‐the‐art symmetric diffeomorphic image registration was utilized for the alignment of CT and MR‐DW, for identification of individual brain hemispheres, and for localization of the region representing healthy tissue contralateral to the stroke cores. Texture analysis included extraction and classification of co‐occurrence and run‐length texture‐based image features in the regions of ischemic stroke and their contralateral regions.ResultsThe classification schemes achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic [Az] ≈ 0.82 for the whole dataset. There was no statistically significant difference in the performance of classifiers for the data sets with time between 2 and 8 hours from symptom onset. The performance of the classifiers did not depend on the size of the stroke regions.ConclusionsThe results provide a set of optimal texture features which are suitable for distinguishing between hyperacute ischemic lesions and their corresponding contralateral brain tissue in noncontrast CT. This work is an initial step toward development of an automated decision support system for detection of hyperacute ischemic stroke lesions on noncontrast CT of the brain.
Management of adrenal masses in patients with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: MacFarland Suzanne P. , Mostoufi‐Moab Sogol , Zelley Kristin , Mattei Peter A. , States Lisa J. , Bhatti Tricia R. , Duffy Kelly A. , Brodeur Garrett M. , Kalish Jennifer M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBeckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a genetic overgrowth and cancer predisposition syndrome, associated with both benign and malignant adrenal findings. Literature review and an institutional case series elucidate the wide spectrum of adrenal findings in BWS patients. The altered expression of the 11p15 region is likely related to adrenal gland hyperplasia and growth dysregulation. Given the absence of guidelines for managing adrenal findings in BWS, we propose a systematic approach to adrenal findings in BWS patients, to allow for maximum detection of potentially malignant pathology without posing additional risk to patients.
Concomitant use of calcium channel blockers with dual antiplatelet therapy and re‐hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Wang Chen‐Yu , Lin Zhen‐Fang , Lee Chii‐Ming , Tsai Yi‐Wen , Huang Ting‐Ying , Shen Li‐Jiuan , Hsiao Fei‐Yuan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundExisting studies suggested that concomitant use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) may interfere with the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of concomitant use of CCBs and clopidogrel on risks of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) re‐hospitalization in patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention.MethodsUsing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 51 925 patients who were admitted for newly diagnosed ACS, received percutaneous coronary intervention, and used clopidogrel within 1 year after discharge. We further stratified them into three groups based on their uses of guideline‐recommended secondary prevention medications for ACS (fully, partially, and non‐compliant groups) to assess the potential modification effect of guideline compliance. For each group, we conducted a 1:1 propensity score matching to minimize selection bias. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the effect of concomitant use of CCBs (overall, subclasses, and individual CCBs) and clopidogrel on risks of ACS re‐hospitalization.ResultsConcomitant use of CCBs in patients discharged with clopidogrel was significantly associated with a lower risk of ACS re‐hospitalization in the fully compliant group (HRfully compliant = 0.82 [95% confidence interval 0.75–0.89], p < 0.001) but was associated with increased risk of ACS re‐hospitalization in the non‐compliant group (HRnon‐compliant = 1.22 [1.03–1.45], p = 0.0252).ConclusionsDifferent guideline compliance of secondary prevention medications could modify the potential drug–drug interaction between clopidogrel and CCBs. Concomitant use of CCBs and clopidogrel was significantly associated with increased risk of ACS re‐hospitalization in ACS patients not compliant to guideline‐recommended secondary prevention drugs. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Approaches for the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress and Sepsis Syndromes
Authors: Johnson Christian L. , Soeder Yorick , Dahlke Marc H. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Despite extensive research on candidate pharmacological treatments and a significant and increasing prevalence, sepsis syndrome, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain areas of unmet clinical need. Preclinical studies examining mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) based-therapies have provided compelling evidence of potential benefit; however, the precise mechanism by which MSCs exert a therapeutic influence, and whether MSC application is efficacious in humans, remains unknown. Detailed evaluation of the limited number of human trials so far completed is further hampered as a result of variations in trial design and biomarker selection. This review provides a concise summary of current preclinical and clinical knowledge of MSCs as a cell therapy for sepsis syndrome and ARDS. The challenges of modeling such heterogeneous and rapidly progressive disease states are considered and we discuss how lessons from previous studies of pharmacological treatments for sepsis syndrome and ARDS might be used to inform and refine the design of the next generation of MSC clinical trials.
Barth Syndrome: Connecting Cardiolipin to Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ikon Nikita , Ryan Robert O. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Barth syndrome (BTHS) is caused by an inborn error of metabolism that manifests characteristic phenotypic features including altered mitochondrial membrane phospholipids, lactic acidosis, organic acid‐uria, skeletal muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy. The underlying cause of BTHS has been definitively traced to mutations in the tafazzin (TAZ) gene locus on chromosome X. TAZ encodes a phospholipid transacylase that promotes cardiolipin acyl chain remodeling. Absence of tafazzin activity results in cardiolipin molecular species heterogeneity, increased levels of monolysocardiolipin and lower cardiolipin abundance. In skeletal muscle and cardiac tissue mitochondria these alterations in cardiolipin perturb the inner membrane, compromising electron transport chain function and aerobic respiration. Decreased electron flow from fuel metabolism via NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity leads to a buildup of NADH in the matrix space and product inhibition of key TCA cycle enzymes. As TCA cycle activity slows pyruvate generated by glycolysis is diverted to lactic acid. In turn, Cori cycle activity increases to supply muscle with glucose for continued ATP production. Acetyl CoA that is unable to enter the TCA cycle is diverted to organic acid waste products that are excreted in urine. Overall, reduced ATP production efficiency in BTHS is exacerbated under conditions of increased energy demand. Prolonged deficiency in ATP production capacity underlies cell and tissue pathology that ultimately is manifest as dilated cardiomyopathy.
Agency in Fertility Decisions in Western Europe During the Demographic Transition: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Reher David Sven , Sandström Glenn , Sanz-Gimeno Alberto , van Poppel Frans W. A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe use a set of linked reproductive histories taken from Sweden, the Netherlands, and Spain for the period 1871–1960 to address key issues regarding how reproductive change was linked specifically to mortality and survivorship and more generally to individual agency. Using event-history analysis, this study investigates how the propensity to have additional children was influenced by the number of surviving offspring when reproductive decisions were made. The results suggest that couples were continuously regulating their fertility to achieve reproductive goals. Families experiencing child fatalities show significant increases in the hazard of additional births. In addition, the sex composition of the surviving sibset also appears to have influenced reproductive decisions in a significant but changing way. The findings offer strong proof of active decision-making during the demographic transition and provide an important contribution to the literature on the role of mortality for reproductive change.
Effect of replenishment and backroom on retail shelf-space planning
Authors: Hübner Alexander , Schaal Kai 
Published: January 2017

AbstractShelf-space optimization models support retailers in making optimal shelf-space decisions. They determine the number of facings for each item included in an assortment. One common characteristic of these models is that they do not account for in-store replenishment processes. However, the two areas of shelf-space planning and in-store replenishment are strongly interrelated. Keeping more shelf stock of an item increases the demand for it due to higher visibility, permits decreased replenishment frequencies and increases inventory holding costs. However, because space is limited, it also requires the reduction of shelf space for other items, which then deplete faster and must be reordered and replenished more often. Furthermore, the possibility of keeping stock of certain items in the backroom instead of the showroom allows for more showroom shelf space for other items, but also generates additional replenishment costs for the items kept in the backroom. The joint optimization of both shelf-space decisions and replenishment processes has not been sufficiently addressed in the existing literature. To quantify the cost associated with the relevant in-store replenishment processes, we conducted a time and motion study for a German grocery retailer. Based on these insights, we propose an optimization model that addresses the mutual dependence of shelf-space decisions and replenishment processes. The model optimizes retail profits by determining the optimum number of facings, the optimum display orientation of items, and the optimum order frequencies, while accounting for space-elasticity effects as well as limited shelf and backroom space. Applying our model to the grocery retailer’s canned foods category, we found a profit potential of about 29%. We further apply our model to randomly generated data and show that it can be solved to optimality within very short run times, even for large-scale problem instances. Finally, we use the model to show the impact of backroom space availability and replenishment cost on retail profits and solution structures. Based on the insights gained from the application of our model, the grocery retailer has decided to change its current approach to shelf-space decisions and in-store replenishment planning.