bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Training and Activity in People With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Paradigm Shift
Authors: Kluding Patricia M. , Bareiss Sonja K. , Hastings Mary , Marcus Robin L. , Sinacore David R. , Mueller Michael J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) occurs in more than 50% of people with diabetes and is an important risk factor for skin breakdown, amputation, and reduced physical mobility (ie, walking and stair climbing). Although many beneficial effects of exercise for people with diabetes have been well established, few studies have examined whether exercise provides comparable benefits to people with DPN. Until recently, DPN was considered to be a contraindication for walking or any weight-bearing exercise because of concerns about injuring a person's insensitive feet. These guidelines were recently adjusted, however, after research demonstrated that weight-bearing activities do not increase the risk of foot ulcers in people who have DPN but do not have severe foot deformity. Emerging research has revealed positive adaptations in response to overload stress in these people, including evidence for peripheral neuroplasticity in animal models and early clinical trials. This perspective article reviews the evidence for peripheral neuroplasticity in animal models and early clinical trials, as well as adaptations of the integumentary system and the musculoskeletal system in response to overload stress. These positive adaptations are proposed to promote improved function in people with DPN and to foster the paradigm shift to including weight-bearing exercise for people with DPN. This perspective article also provides specific assessment and treatment recommendations for this important, high-risk group.
Densification and mechanical properties of ZrO2–CaAl4O7 composites obtained by reaction sintering
Authors: Bruni Yesica , Booth Fernando , Garrido Liliana , Aglietti Esteban 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Composites of the ZrO2–CaO–Al2O3 system exhibit high corrosion resistance and high chemical stability, these being suitable properties for enhanced performance as refractories. In this work composites based on ZrO2–CaAl4O7 (CA2) were developed by reaction sintering of two pure ZrO2 powders with different particle size (d
50 = 0.44 μm and d
50 = 8 μm) mixed with high-alumina cement. The effects of CaO to ZrO2 molar ratio, particle size of ZrO2 and sintering temperature on densification, c-ZrO2 formation, microstructure and mechanical properties (Vickers hardness, dynamic Young's modulus and compressive strength) were determined. Porosity and mean pore size of composites reduced with decreasing both particle size of ZrO2 and CaO content. The highest compression strength of ∼350 MPa and hardness of 6 GPa corresponded to dense ZrO2-based composite with 15 vol.% CA2 sintered at 1400°C.
Microelectrode recording findings within the tractography-defined ventral intermediate nucleus
Authors: King Nicolas Kon Kam , Krishna Vibhor , Basha Diellor , Elias Gavin , Sammartino Francesco , Hodaie Mojgan , Lozano Andres M. , Hutchison William D. 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVEThe ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus is not visible on structural MRI. Therefore, direct VIM targeting methods for stereotactic tremor surgery are desirable. The authors previously described a direct targeting method for visualizing the VIM and its structural connectivity using deterministic tractography. In this combined electrophysiology and imaging study, the authors investigated the electrophysiology within this tractography-defined VIM (T-VIM).METHODSThalamic neurons were classified based on their relative location to the T-VIM: dorsal, within, and ventral to the T-VIM. The authors identified the movement-responsive cells (kinesthetic and tremor cells), performed spike analysis (firing rate and burst index), and local field potential analysis (area under the curve for 13–30 Hz). Tremor efficacy in response to microstimulation along the electrode trajectory was also assessed in relation to the T-VIM.RESULTSSeventy-three cells from a total of 9 microelectrode tracks were included for this analysis. Movement-responsive cells (20 kinesthetic cells and 26 tremor cells) were identified throughout the electrode trajectories. The mean firing rate and burst index of cells (n = 27) within the T-VIM are 18.8 ± 9.8 Hz and 4.5 ± 5.4, respectively. Significant local field potential beta power was identified within the T-VIM (area under the curve for 13–30 Hz = 6.6 ± 7.7) with a trend toward higher beta power in the dorsal T-VIM. The most significant reduction in tremor was also observed in the dorsal T-VIM.CONCLUSIONSThe electrophysiological findings within the VIM thalamus defined by tractography, or T-VIM, correspond with the known microelectrode recording characteristics of the VIM in patients with tremor.
Diagnosis performance of positron emission tomography-computed tomography among cervical cancer patients
Authors: Xu Xianfeng , Li Zhenzhou , Qiu Xixiong , Wei Zhaolian 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the value of PET/CT scanning in preoperative diagnosis of cervical carcinoma, especially for detecting lymph node metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The approval of the ethics committee which was granted by our hospital was obtained beforehand. Patients with CC were collected into this investigation between January 2011 and October 2015. Each participant received surgeries, as well as pelvic and paraaortic systematic lymph node dissection. After operations, CC types were confirmed by pathological examinations. The tumor stages were assessed by 3 experienced radiologists independently, according to FIGO examinations and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT), and these above diagnostic results were compared with postoperative biopsy pathology, respectively. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 16.0, and the diagnostic performance of PET/CT was calculated. RESULTS: 51 patients were identified in this investigation, and the mean age of these female individuals was 42.3±6.7 years (range, 34–58 years). Depending on statistical analysis, the staging accuracy of PET/CT to detect primary tumors was 84.31%, with sensitivity 88.00% and specificity 80.77%. With respect to lymph nodes, the accuracy could reach 76.47%, with sensitivity 82.61% and specificity 71.43%. On the other hand, FIGO staging performed poorly in detecting primary tumors, with sensitivity 44.12%, specificity 47.06% and accuracy 45.10%. In terms of testing lymph nodes, the diagnosis parameters were as followed, sensitivity 28.57%, specificity 8.70% and accuracy 19.61%. After statistical analysis, there was significantly different between two methods ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PET/CT scanning may be valuable in detecting primary tumors and lymph nodes, and more accurate staging may lead to improving therapeutic planning in CC patients.
Image reconstruction from few-view CT data by gradient-domain dictionary learning
Authors: Hu Zhanli , Liu Qiegen , Zhang Na , Zhang Yunwan , Peng Xi , Wu Peter Z. , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND: Decreasing the number of projections is an effective way to reduce the radiation dose exposed to patients in medical computed tomography (CT) imaging. However, incomplete projection data for CT reconstruction will result in artifacts and distortions. OBJECTIVE: In this paper, a novel dictionary learning algorithm operating in the gradient-domain (Grad-DL) is proposed for few-view CT reconstruction. Specifically, the dictionaries are trained from the horizontal and vertical gradient images, respectively and the desired image is reconstructed subsequently from the sparse representations of both gradients by solving the least-square method. METHODS: Since the gradient images are sparser than the image itself, the proposed approach could lead to sparser representations than conventional DL methods in the image-domain, and thus a better reconstruction quality is achieved. RESULTS: To evaluate the proposed Grad-DL algorithm, both qualitative and quantitative studies were employed through computer simulations as well as real data experiments on fan-beam and cone-beam geometry. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the proposed algorithm can yield better images than the existing algorithms.
Treatment of painful bone metastases in prostate and breast cancer patients with the therapeutic radiopharmaceutical rhenium-188-HEDP
Authors: Overbeek Floor , de Klerk John , Pasker-de Jong Pieternel , van den Berk Alexandra , ter Heine Rob , Rodenburg Cees , Kooistra Anko , Hendrikse N. Harry , Bloemendal Haiko , Lange Rogier 
Published: July 2016

Summary
Aim: Rhenium-188-HEDP (188Re-HEDP) is an effective radiopharmaceutical for the palliative treatment of osteoblastic bone metastases. However, only limited data on its routine use are available and its effect on quality of life (QoL) has not been studied. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical benefit of 188Re-HEDP in routine clinical care. Patients and methods: Prostate or breast cancer patients with painful bone metastases receiving 188Re-HEDP as a routine clinical procedure were eligible for evaluation. Clinical benefit was assessed in terms of efficacy and toxicity. Pain palliation and QoL were monitored using the visual analogue scale (VAS), corrected for opioid intake, and the EORTC QLQ-C30 Global health status/QoL-scale. Thrombocyte and leukocyte nadirs were used to assess haematological toxicity. Results: 45 and 47 patients were evaluable for pain palliation and QoL, respectively. After a single injection of 188Re-HEDP, the overall pain response rate was 69% and mean VAS-scores decreased relevantly and significantly (p < 0.05). Repeated treatment resulted in similar pain response. The overall QoL response rate was 68% and mean Global health status/QoL-scores increased relevantly and significantly. Haematological side effects were mild and transient. Conclusion: The clinically relevant response on pain and quality of life and the limited adverse events prove clinical benefit of treatment with 188Re-HEDP and support its use in routine clinical care. Its effectiveness appears comparable to that of external beam radiotherapy.
IRAS 16253–2429: THE FIRST PROTO-BROWN DWARF BINARY CANDIDATE IDENTIFIED THROUGH THE DYNAMICS OF JETS*
Authors: Hsieh Tien-Hao , Lai Shih-Ping , Belloche Arnaud , Wyrowski Friedrich 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The formation mechanism of brown dwarfs (BDs) is one of the long-standing problems in star formation because the typical Jeans mass in molecular clouds is too large to form these substellar objects. To answer this question, it is crucial to study a BD in the embedded phase. IRAS 16253–2429 is classified as a very low-luminosity object (VeLLO) with an internal luminosity of <0.1 L
⊙. VeLLOs are believed to be very low-mass protostars or even proto-BDs. We observed the jet/outflow driven by IRAS 16253–2429 in CO (2–1), (6–5), and (7–6) using the IRAM 30 m and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescopes and the Submillimeter Array (SMA) in order to study its dynamical features and physical properties. Our SMA map reveals two protostellar jets, indicating the existence of a proto-binary system as implied by the precessing jet detected in H2 emission. We detect a wiggling pattern in the position–velocity diagrams along the jet axes, which is likely due to the binary orbital motion. Based on this information, we derive the current mass of the binary as ∼0.032 M⊙. Given the low envelope mass, IRAS 16253–2429 will form a binary that probably consist of one or two BDs. Furthermore, we found that the outflow force as well as the mass accretion rate are very low based on the multi-transition CO observations, which suggests that the final masses of the binary components are at the stellar/substellar boundary. Since IRAS 16253 is located in an isolated environment, we suggest that BDs can form through fragmentation and collapse, similar to low-mass stars.
GALAXY INFALL BY INTERACTING WITH ITS ENVIRONMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF 340 GALAXY CLUSTERS
Authors: Gu Liyi , Wen Zhonglue , Gandhi Poshak , Inada Naohisa , Kawaharada Madoka , Kodama Tadayuki , Konami Saori , Nakazawa Kazuhiro , Xu Haiguang , Makishima Kazuo 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
To study systematically the evolution of the angular extents of the galaxy, intracluster medium (ICM), and dark matter components in galaxy clusters, we compiled the optical and X-ray properties of a sample of 340 clusters with redshifts <0.5, based on all the available data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Chandra/XMM-Newton. For each cluster, the member galaxies were determined primarily with photometric redshift measurements. The radial ICM mass distribution, as well as the total gravitational mass distribution, was derived from a spatially resolved spectral analysis of the X-ray data. When normalizing the radial profile of galaxy number to that of the ICM mass, the relative curve was found to depend significantly on the cluster redshift; it drops more steeply toward the outside in lower-redshift subsamples. The same evolution is found in the galaxy-to-total mass profile, while the ICM-to-total mass profile varies in an opposite way. The behavior of the galaxy-to-ICM distribution does not depend on the cluster mass, suggesting that the detected redshift dependence is not due to mass-related effects, such as sample selection bias. Also, it cannot be ascribed to various redshift-dependent systematic errors. We interpret that the galaxies, the ICM, and the dark matter components had similar angular distributions when a cluster was formed, while the galaxies traveling in the interior of the cluster have continuously fallen toward the center relative to the other components, and the ICM has slightly expanded relative to the dark matter although it suffers strong radiative loss. This cosmological galaxy infall, accompanied by an ICM expansion, can be explained by considering that the galaxies interact strongly with the ICM while they are moving through it. The interaction is considered to create a large energy flow of 1044−45 erg s−1 per cluster from the member galaxies to their environment, which is expected to continue over cosmological timescales.
A CAUTIONARY NOTE ABOUT COMPOSITE GALACTIC STAR FORMATION RELATIONS
Authors: Parmentier G. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We explore the pitfalls that affect the comparison of the star formation relation for nearby molecular clouds with that for distant compact molecular clumps. We show that both relations behave differently in the (

,

) space, where

and

are, respectively, the gas and star formation rate surface densities, even when the physics of star formation is the same. This is because the star formation relation of nearby clouds relates the gas and star surface densities measured locally, that is, within a given interval of gas surface density, or at a given protostar location. We refer to such measurements as local measurements, and the corresponding star formation relation as the local relation. In contrast, the stellar content of a distant molecular clump remains unresolved. Only the mean star formation rate can be obtained, e.g., from the clump infrared luminosity. One clump therefore provides one single point to the (

,

) space, that is, its mean gas surface density and star formation rate surface density. We refer to this star formation relation as a global relation since it builds on the global properties of molecular clumps. Its definition therefore requires an ensemble of cluster-forming clumps. We show that although the local and global relations have different slopes, this cannot per se be taken as evidence for a change in the physics of star formation with gas surface density. It therefore appears that great caution should be taken when physically interpreting a composite star formation relation, that is, a relation combining local and global relations.
NUSTAR, SWIFT, AND GROND OBSERVATIONS OF THE FLARING MEV BLAZAR PMN J0641−0320
Authors: Ajello M. , Ghisellini G. , Paliya V. S. , Kocevski D. , Tagliaferri G. , Madejski G. , Rau A. , Schady P. , Greiner J. , Massaro F. , Baloković M. , Bühler R. , Giomi M. , Marcotulli L. , D’Ammando F. , Stern D. , Boggs S. E. , Christensen F. E. , Craig W. W. , Hailey C. J. , Harrison F. A. , Zhang W. W. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
MeV blazars are a sub-population of the blazar family, exhibiting larger-than-average jet powers, accretion luminosities, and black hole masses. Because of their extremely hard X-ray continua, these objects are best studied in the X-ray domain. Here, we report on the discovery by the Fermi Large Area Telescope and subsequent follow-up observations with NuSTAR, Swift, and GROND of a new member of the MeV blazar family: PMN J0641−0320. Our optical spectroscopy provides confirmation that this is a flat-spectrum radio quasar located at a redshift of z = 1.196. Its very hard NuSTAR spectrum (power-law photon index of ∼1 up to ∼80 keV) indicates that the emission is produced via inverse Compton scattering off of photons coming from outside the jet. The overall spectral energy distribution of PMN J0641−0320 is typical of powerful blazars and, using a simple one-zone leptonic emission model, we infer that the emission region is located either inside the broad line region or within the dusty torus.
CATALOG OF ULTRA-DIFFUSE GALAXIES IN THE COMA CLUSTERS FROM SUBARU IMAGING DATA*
Authors: Yagi Masafumi , Koda Jin , Komiyama Yutaka , Yamanoi Hitomo 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a catalog of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in the Coma cluster. UDGs are a subset of low surface brightness (SB) galaxies with very large effective radii defined by van Dokkum et al. We surveyed the Subaru data archive for deep Suprime-Cam/Subaru R-band images, and used data covering the 1.°7 × 2.°7 region of the Coma cluster. The data are ∼1 magnitude deeper than the data of van Dokkum et al (2015a) in limiting SB. This paper explains the details of our sample selection procedure. This UDG catalog includes positions, magnitudes, effective radii, mean and central SBs, and colors (when available). Comparisons with previous galaxy catalogs in the literature are performed, and we show that the current catalog is the largest for UDGs. We also discuss that most of the UDGs are members of the Coma cluster, and the major axis of the UDGs tends to align toward the cluster center (radial alignment).
GLOBAL EXPLICIT PARTICLE-IN-CELL SIMULATIONS OF THE NONSTATIONARY BOW SHOCK AND MAGNETOSPHERE
Authors: Yang Zhongwei , Huang Can , Liu Ying D. , Parks George K. , Wang Rui , Lu Quanming , Hu Huidong 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We carry out two-dimensional global particle-in-cell simulations of the interaction between the solar wind and a dipole field to study the formation of the bow shock and magnetosphere. A self-reforming bow shock ahead of a dipole field is presented by using relatively high temporal-spatial resolutions. We find that (1) the bow shock and the magnetosphere are formed and reach a quasi-stable state after several ion cyclotron periods, and (2) under the B

z
southward solar wind condition, the bow shock undergoes a self-reformation for low β

i
and high M

A
. Simultaneously, a magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail is found. For high β

i
and low M

A
, the shock becomes quasi-stationary, and the magnetotail reconnection disappears. In addition, (3) the magnetopause deflects the magnetosheath plasmas. The sheath particles injected at the quasi-perpendicular region of the bow shock can be convected downstream of an oblique shock region. A fraction of these sheath particles can leak out from the magnetosheath at the wings of the bow shock. Hence, the downstream situation is more complicated than that for a planar shock produced in local simulations.
La perception de l'accent lexical néerlandais par les apprenants francophones
Authors: Michaux Marie-Catherine 
Published: July 2016

Cette contribution rapporte les résultats de deux études de perception de l'accent lexical néerlandais par les apprenants francophones dans le but de contribuer à la discussion autour du concept de « surdité accentuelle ». La première étude est un test de discrimination AXB basé sur des mots néerlandais et des non-mots, et la seconde une tâche d'identification de la place de l'accent dans ces mêmes (non-)mots. Les résultats montrent que les francophones sont en général moins performants et moins rapides que les néerlandophones quand il s'agit de percevoir et traiter des contrastes prosodiques. Cependant, et de façon assez inattendue, les deux groupes montrent également un comportement similaire dans certaines conditions. Le but de ces études est de mieux différencier l'aspect « phonétique » et « phonologique » de ce qui est appelé la « stress deafness » et d'évaluer la pertinence de l'usage de ce terme.
A Chair-side Technique to verify the Parallelism of Fixed Partial Denture Abutments
Authors: Farah Rafat I 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
This report describes a chair-side technique to verify the parallelism of fixed partial denture abutments; this technique facilitates assessment of extraoral preparation and the detection of undercuts prior to making a definitive impression. This technique utilizes casts fabricated from polyvinyl siloxane impression material and a class II laser module attached to a dental surveyor.

How to cite this article
Farah RI. A Chair-side Technique to verify the Parallelism of Fixed Partial Denture Abutments. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(1):21-23.