bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of mixed boundary conditions and nonsmooth data on layer‐originated nonpremixed combustion problems: Higher‐order convergence analysis
Authors: Kumar Shridhar , R Ishwariya , Das Pratibhamoy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis work explores the theoretical and computational impacts of mixed‐type flux conditions and nonsmooth data on boundary/interior layer‐originated singularly perturbed semilinear reaction–diffusion problems. Such problems are prevalent in nonpremixed combustion models and catalytic reaction models. The inclusion of arbitrarily small diffusion terms results in boundary layers influenced by specific flux conditions normalized by perturbation parameters. We have demonstrated theoretically that the sharpness of the boundary layer is significantly reduced when this normalization is independent of the diffusion parameter. In addition, the presence of a nonsmooth source function gives rise to an interior layer in the current problem. We show that using upwind discretizations for mixed boundary fluxes achieves nearly second‐order accuracy if the first derivatives are not normalized concerning perturbation parameters. This outcome arises from the bounds of a prior derivative of the continuous solution. Furthermore, it is theoretically shown that nearly second‐order uniform accuracy can be attained for reaction‐dominated semilinear problems using a hybrid scheme at the discontinuity point. To ensure the uniform stability of the discrete solution, a transformation is necessary for the corresponding discrete problem. Theoretical results are supported by various experiments on nonlinear problems, illustrating the pointwise rates and highlighting both linear and higher‐order accuracy at specific points.
The unseen pillar of behavior: A review of maintenance goals
Authors: Ecker Yael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMaintenance goals have a fundamental albeit understudied role in human motivation. From health to relationships, to personal possessions and the environment, the things people value require regular care. When maintaining a friendship, for instance, one may need to catch‐up regularly, share life updates and offer support, and occasionally make time to meet and spend time together. Distinct from the more commonly studied approach and avoidance goals, maintenance goals focus on sustaining current states over time, a process that has recently begun to attract increasing scholarly attention. This paper explores the construct of maintenance goals; It provides a comprehensive review of key findings and offers a novel perspective on the potential role of maintenance in individual and collective behavior, centering on topics such as well‐being, leadership, and group perceptions across different cultural contexts. By integrating theory with empirical evidence, this review underscores the necessity of incorporating maintenance goals into a broader psychological framework and recognizes their potential to inform interventions aimed at fostering resilience and stability in an ever‐changing world.
Assembly, comparative analysis, and utilization of a single haplotype reference genome for soybean
Authors: Espina Mary Jane C. , Lovell John T. , Jenkins Jerry , Shu Shengqiang , Sreedasyam Avinash , Jordan Brandon D. , Webber Jenell , Boston LoriBeth , Brůna Tomáš , Talag Jayson , Goodstein David , Grimwood Jane , Stacey Gary , Cannon Steven B. , Lorenz Aaron J. , Schmutz Jeremy , Stupar Robert M. 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYCultivar Williams 82 has served as the reference genome for the soybean research community since 2008, but is known to have areas of genomic heterogeneity among different sub‐lines. This work provides an updated assembly (version Wm82.a6) derived from a specific sub‐line known as Wm82‐ISU‐01 (seeds available under USDA accession PI 704477). The genome was assembled using Pacific BioSciences HiFi reads and integrated into chromosomes using HiC. The 20 soybean chromosomes assembled into a genome of 1.01Gb, consisting of 36 contigs. The genome annotation identified 48 387 gene models, named in accordance with previous assembly versions Wm82.a2 and Wm82.a4. Comparisons of Wm82.a6 with other near‐gapless assemblies of Williams 82 reveal large regions of genomic heterogeneity, including regions of differential introgression from the cultivar Kingwa within approximately 30 Mb and 25 Mb segments on chromosomes 03 and 07, respectively. Additionally, our analysis revealed a previously unknown large (>20 Mb) heterogeneous region in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 12, where Wm82.a6 matches the ‘Williams’ haplotype while the other two near‐gapless assemblies do not match the haplotype of either parent of Williams 82. In addition to the Wm82.a6 assembly, we also assembled the genome of ‘Fiskeby III,’ a rich resource for abiotic stress resistance genes. A genome comparison of Wm82.a6 with Fiskeby III revealed the nucleotide and structural polymorphisms between the two genomes within a QTL region for iron deficiency chlorosis resistance. The Wm82.a6 and Fiskeby III genomes described here will enhance comparative and functional genomics capacities and applications in the soybean community.
Genome editing in angiosperm chloroplasts: targeted DNA double‐strand break and base editing
Authors: Nakazato Issei , Arimura Shin‐ichi 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYChloroplasts are organelles that are derived from a photosynthetic bacterium and have their own genome. Genome editing is a recently developing technology that allows for specific modifications of target sequences. The first successful application of genome editing in chloroplasts was reported in 2021, and since then, this research field has been expanding. Although the chloroplast genome of several dicot species can be stably modified by a conventional method, which involves inserting foreign DNAs into the chloroplast genome via homologous recombination, genome editing offers several advantages over this method. In this review, we introduce genome editing methods targeting the chloroplast genome and describe their advantages and limitations. So far, CRISPR/Cas systems are inapplicable for editing the chloroplast genome because guide RNAs, unlike proteins, cannot be efficiently delivered into chloroplasts. Therefore, protein‐based enzymes are used to edit the chloroplast genome. These enzymes contain a chloroplast‐transit peptide, the DNA‐binding domain of transcription activator‐like effector nuclease (TALEN), or a catalytic domain that induces DNA modifications. To date, genome editing methods can cause DNA double‐strand break or introduce C:G‐to‐T:A and A:T‐to‐G:C base edits at or near the target sequence. These methods are expected to contribute to basic research on the chloroplast genome in many species and to be fundamental methods of plant breeding utilizing the chloroplast genome.
Xenotransplantation Literature Update December 2023–June 2024
Authors: Kamberi Shani , Meier Raphael P. H. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis updated report highlights significant developments in the field of xenotransplantation since December 2023. Over the past 6 months, there has been a notable increase in discussions regarding the feasibility of clinical trials, with particular emphasis on their progression and associated ethical considerations. This review presents the most pertinent findings from December 2023 to June 2024.
Adjoint Brascamp–Lieb inequalities
Authors: Bennett Jonathan , Tao Terence 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Brascamp–Lieb inequalities are a generalization of the Hölder, Loomis–Whitney, Young, and Finner inequalities that have found many applications in harmonic analysis and elsewhere. In this paper, we introduce an “adjoint” version of these inequalities, which can be viewed as an version of the entropic Brascamp–Lieb inequalities of Carlen and Cordero–Erausquin. As applications, we reprove a log‐convexity property of the Gowers uniformity norms, and establish some reverse inequalities for various tomographic transforms. We conclude with some open questions.
An Improved Model for Predicting Affected Region of Flashing Jet
Authors: Yuasa Tomohisa , Watanabe Shun , Morita Ryo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
When a water piping system operating under high temperatures and pressures is damaged and water is expelled into the atmosphere, a phenomenon known as depressurization boiling or flashing occurs. This flashing jet poses a risk to human safety and can damage safety equipment through impingement. Consequently, evaluating the region affected by the flashing jet impinging on the surrounding equipment and people is necessary. In this study, we conducted experiments to verify the affected region of the jet involving both saturated and subcooled water under low-pressure conditions at the jet inlet, up to 2 MPaA, and extended our investigation to high-pressure conditions up to 7 MPaA using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The findings revealed that the mass flux predictions, according to the homogeneous equilibrium model (HEM) outlined in the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard, align with both experimental and CFD analysis results. However, the evaluations of both the asymptotic plane width and distance—parameters delineating the jet's affected region—were found to be underestimated in the ANSI standard compared with the experimental and CFD analysis results. To address this difference from real phenomena, we developed an improved model that incorporates mass flux and enthalpy as variables. This improved model more accurately predict the asymptotic plane width and distance than the ANSI standard. Utilizing this improved model enables precise prediction of the flashing jet's affected region, spanning conditions from saturated to subcooled water across various pipe diameters.
Examining the Effects of a 24-Week Exercise Program on Functional Capacity, Cognitive Capacity, and Quality of Life in Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Jacinto Miguel , Antunes Raul , Monteiro Diogo , Rodrigues Filipe , Amaro Nuno , Campos Maria João , Ferreira José Pedro , Matos Rui 
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the effects of two physical exercise programs for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Twenty-one participants were assigned to an indoor group (IG, n = 7; 24-week gym intervention with machine), an outdoor group (OG, n = 7; 24-week outdoor intervention with low-cost materials) or a control group. The outcomes assessed included quality of life, dementia, and functional capacity. The IG significantly improved physical well-being compared with the control group (p = .017). There were no significant differences in dementia score between groups and moments. Postintervention, the IG showed improvements compared with the control group for the 30-s sit-to-stand test (p = .03), timed up-and-go (p = .00), and 6-min-walk test (p = .033) and between moments in the IG for 30-s sit-to-stand test (pre ≠ post; p = .007) and 6-min-walk test (pre ≠ post; p = .007). Outdoor interventions appeared effective for physical well-being, while indoor interventions using weight-training machines benefited functional capacity. No significant effects were observed for dementia/cognitive decline.
Light-Intensity Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Are Associated With Blood Pressure Levels in Adolescents
Authors: Vieira Vanessa de Souza , Aguiar Susana da Costa , Campos Maria Cristine , Fontanela Laís Coan , Canever Jaquelini Betta , Hauck Melina , do Amaral Lívia Arcêncio , Cáceres Viviane de Menezes , Schneider Ione Jayce Ceola , Vieira Danielle Soares Rocha 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the associations between physical activity (PA) intensities, sedentary behavior (SB), and blood pressure (BP) in adolescents, according to sex. Method: This cross-sectional study involved 95 male and female adolescents aged 15–18 years. Accelerometry was used to measure time spent in light-intensity PA (LPA), moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and vigorous PA, and SB. The BP was determined using an automated sphygmomanometer. Statistical analyses included multiple linear regression and command margins. Results: Significant associations were found between systolic BP (SBP) and time spent in LPA (B = −0.08; 95% CI, −0.15 to −0.01) and SB (B = 0.071; 95% CI, 0.004–0.138), albeit only in boys. Furthermore, an interaction was observed between time spent in SB and MVPA for SBP in boys (B = −0.002; 95% CI, −0.004 to −0.0008). The main interaction effect of increasing SBP was a combination of <75 minutes per day of MVPA and up to 600 minutes per day of SB. Conclusions: Increased time in LPA and reduced time spent in SB during the day are associated with lower SBP in male adolescents. Additionally, the relation between SB and SBP was attenuated by MVPA. These findings provide crucial insights for PA recommendations to promote cardiovascular health in adolescents.
Secular Trends in Gross Motor Coordination: A Study of Peruvian Children Living at High Altitude
Authors: Bustamante Alcibíades , Maia José , Santos Carla , Garbeloto Fernando , Vasconcelos Olga , Tani Go , Hedeker Donald , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Pereira Sara 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To (1) describe secular trends in gross motor coordination (GMC) scores by sex and age; (2) investigate GMC trends adjusted for concomitant secular trends in height, weight, and overall physical fitness; and (3) examine trends in children’s frequencies within different GMC categories. Method: The sample comprises 1562 Peruvian children (690 in 2009 and 872 in 2019), aged 6–11 years, from Junín (a high-altitude region). GMC was assessed with the KörperkoordinationsTest für Kinder. Physical fitness was assessed with handgrip strength, standing long jump, and shuttle-run test. Height and weight were measured with standardized protocols. Analysis of variance, covariance, and logistic regression were used. Results: A negative secular trend in GMC (based on raw scores) for boys and girls aged 6–8 years was observed. However, a positive trend was observed at 11 years of age but only in boys. Finally, there were no significant changes in the likelihood of children having below-normal GMC from 2009 to 2019. Conclusions: Secular trends in GMC were negative in Peruvian children, especially at 6–8 years of age. Further, body size and physical fitness trends did not affect the negative secular trend. A high prevalence of children had below-normal GMC in both 2009 and 2019.
Controlling the flavour changing neutral couplings of multi-Higgs doublets models through unitary matrices
Authors: Alves João M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce unitary flavour violation to produce multi-Higgs doublets models where all flavour par ameters are contained within three unitary matrices. After that, we identify two of its subclasses, the left and right models, which have naturally suppressed tree-lev el flavour changing neutral couplings that easily avoid the experimental constraints derived from neutral meson mi xing. Then, we show that left models can accomodate spontaneous CP violation when all quarks have flavour changing neutr al couplings. Finally, we illustrate these concepts by considering a specific implementation with three Higgs doublets.
Searching for exotic Higgs bosons from top quark decays at the HL-LHC
Authors: Bhattacharyya Gautam , Chakraborty Indrani , Ghosh Dilip Kumar , Jha Tapoja , Saha Gourab 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExotic spin-0 states with unusual couplings with the gauge and matter fields of the Standard Model are worth exploring at the CERN LHC. Though our approach is largely model independent, we take inspiration from flavor models based on some discrete symmetries which predict a set of a scalar and a pseudoscalar having purely off-diagonal Yukawa interactions with quarks and leptons. In a previous paper, some of us explored how to decipher such exotic scalar and pseudoscalar states whose off-diagonal Yukawa couplings involve light quarks. In this work we follow a complementary path and focus on the Yukawa couplings that necessarily involve a top quark. If one such spin-0 state is lighter than the top quark, then the rare decay of the latter, on account of the high yield of the $$t\bar{t}$$

t

t

¯

events, could provide a potential hunting ground of those exotic states particularly during the high luminosity phase of the LHC run. We carry out an exhaustive collider analysis of some promising signatures of those exotic states using sophisticated Machine Learning techniques and obtain considerable signal significance.
Shared Risk Volatile Organic Compounds Among Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Mediation Effects of System Inflammation
Authors: Xu Mengya , Liu Wanlu , Zhu Xinyu , Lin Baihao , Zheng Yuyu , Bai Yansen 
Published: September 2024

Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are indoor and outdoor air pollution, but the VOCs that were shared across chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) remained unknown. Meanwhile, the mediating roles of system inflammation need to be further explored.Methods: This study included 9114 adults based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006 and 2011–2018. Internal exposure levels of 14 urinary metabolites of VOC (mVOCs), blood cell count–derived inflammatory biomarkers, and prevalent CRDs, including asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema, were assessed and collected. Associations of single‐ and multiple‐mVOCs with CRDs were assessed by using logistic regression and quantile‐based g‐computation (QGcomp) methods to select the key and shared mVOCs among CRDs. Mediation effects of system inflammation on mVOC‐CRD associations were further evaluated by causal mediation analysis.Results: Increased levels of total 14 mVOCs were associated with increased risk of chronic bronchitis (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.37–1.91), emphysema (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.27–2.35), and both conditions combined (defined as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.37–1.88), but not for asthma (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.94–1.21). In both single‐ and multiple‐mVOC exposure models, 8 key mVOCs were COPD associated, including 6 mVOCs (34MHA, AMCC, CEMA, DHBMA, 3HPMA, and MHBMA3) and 5 mVOCs (34MHA, CYMA, 3HPMA, MA, and MHBMA3) that were associated with increased risk of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, respectively. Particularly, 34MHA, 3HPMA, and MHBMA3 were shared risk factors across chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and COPD. Neutrophils mediated the associations of three shared mVOCs with chronic bronchitis (by 5.20%, 7.80%, 6.30%), emphysema (by 6.90%, 9.30%, 9.70%), and COPD (by 5.80%, 8.90%, 7.70%).Conclusions: These findings provide valuable insights into the shared risk mVOCs and mediating roles of neutrophils involved in the pathogenesis of CRDs, which can be useful in developing more effective prevention and intervention strategies for CRDs.
Comparing Small Gatherings in Their Urban Contexts
Authors: Becker Johannes 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article introduces small gatherings as a socio-spatial arena that enables a comparative perspective on the basis of detailed empirical research. Small gatherings allow for an analysis of sociality in the city which can be combined with the analysis of its concrete spatiality and intersecting socio-historical processes. The challenge of doing research on small gatherings lies in the fact that they are fuzzy and may, or may not, traverse established urban scales. This will be exemplified by the characterization of two types of small gatherings, represented by cases in Amman and in East Jerusalem – small gatherings of friends and small gatherings of neighbors. They share superficial similarities, but the analysis reveals their varying relations to the neighborhood and the city.
World Society, Cultural Diversity, and Gender Gap in Political Empowerment
Authors: Hekmatpour Peyman 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article studies the interactive effects of world society and cultural diversity on the gender gap in political empowerment. Focusing on the Women’s Share of Seats in National Parliaments (WSSNP) and the Gender Gap in Political Empowerment (GGPE) Index as two main outcome variables, the analyses use a growth curve approach to estimate nations’ trajectories of gender political inequality and explain them by time-invariant and time-varying independent variables. Overall, the results suggest that nations’ level of embeddedness in the world society, measured by the political globalization index of the KOF Swiss Economic Institute, closes the gender gap in political empowerment. Nevertheless, more culturally diverse societies, in terms of the level of religious fractionalization, are more susceptible to the equalizing impacts of globalization on the gender gap in political empowerment. Conversely, culturally homogenous nations appear to show some level of resistance to adopting the gender-equitable values prompted by world culture.
Environmentally Related Taxes and Forest Loss
Authors: Harper Marion C. , Sommer Jamie M. , Shandra John M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In recent years, environmental state theory has argued that nations have implemented laws and regulations along with spending money on conservation to address environmental problems. However, questions remain about the effectiveness of such policies. The authors draw on environmental state theory to frame this study in which they examine if higher levels of environmentally related forestry taxes correspond with lower levels of forest loss in low- and middle- income nations. The authors test this hypothesis by using use two-stage least squares regression models for a sample of 81 low- and middle- income nations. The results indicate support for the hypothesis that higher levels of environmentally related taxes are associated with less forest loss in low- and middle-income nations.
The effect of exercise intensity on ischemia/reperfusion injury and myokine profile in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Akat F. , Tatar Y. , Çelik H. , Fıçıcılar H. , Dursun A.D. , Baştuğ M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia. The diabetic heart becomes more susceptible to ischemic injury. Although exercise induces a cardioprotective phenotype, the determination of accurate protocol is crucial. We compared two different exercise intensities in the diabetes model and evaluated the role of myokines in exercise-induced cardioprotection. Male, adult, Wistar albino rats were used (n = 20 each). First, animals were divided into two groups: Non-Diabetic (ND), Diabetic (DM); then groups were further divided into subgroups: Sedentary (S), Training-1 (T1 = 10 m/min, 0° inclination), and Training-2 (T2 = 20 m/min, 10° inclination). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg; i.p.). Animals exercised on a treadmill 5 days/a week for 6 weeks. Then, hearts were attached to the Langendorff apparatus and baseline functional parameters were measured. After 30’/120’I/R protocol, infarct size was evaluated with tetrazolium chloride staining. Interleukin-6, FNDC5, and myonectin levels were measured both in the soleus and the left ventricle. We observed cardiac hypertrophy and impaired baseline LV function in diabetes. Infarct size was significantly larger in diabetics and only T1 decreased the infarct size whereas T2 further aggravated it. Moreover, post-ischemic recovery was worst in diabetic-T2 group. Irisin and myonectin levels were decreased in the soleus muscle of diabetic animals. T1 increased the myonectin levels in the left ventricle of non-diabetics, and this effect was blunted in diabetic-T1 animals. As a conclusion, light-intensity exercise is a better approach to prevent ischemic damage in diabetes besides moderate intensity may be hazardous in diabetic population.