bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employer’s investments in hospital workers’ employability and employment opportunities
Authors: van Harten Jasmijn , Knies Eva , Leisink Peter 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between employer’s investments (through job characteristics and managerial support) and employees’ employment opportunities, with employability, conceptualized as perceived up-to-date expertise and willingness to change, as a mediating variable.Design/methodology/approach– Hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling on survey data collected from 1,626 employees of three Dutch hospitals.Findings– Consistent with the hypotheses, the results indicate that job characteristics and managerial support are indirectly related to employees’ beliefs on employment opportunities, with the relationship mediated by up-to-date expertise and willingness to change. Further, managerial support is directly related to employees’ employment opportunities.Practical implications– This paper shows that employers, by providing an attractive and challenging job in combination with adequate supervisory support, can enhance their employees’ employability and employment opportunities.Originality/value– This paper contributes to the literature by elaborating a consistent conceptualization and measurement of employability, by incorporating as antecedents both job characteristics and managerial support, and by examining to what extent employability mediates between these antecedents and employment opportunities. Previous studies refer to the same definition of employability but conceptualize this in different ways, and focus on either job characteristics or managerial support, and so fail to provide a systematic and comprehensive examination.
Quality concerns in Technical Education in India
Authors: Gambhir Victor , Wadhwa N C , Grover Sandeep 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The paper aims to discuss current Technical Education scenarios in India. It proposes modelling the factors affecting quality in a technical institute and then applying a suitable technique for assessment, comparison and ranking.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper chose graph theoretic approach for quantification of quality-enabled model. Further, the paper has validated the approach by taking examples of institutions and applying the methodology.

Findings
– The paper provides a systematic methodology to build a quality model for quantification of various factors in a technical institute. The qualitative effect represented in form of a single numerical index is a novel method for such representations. The illustrated methodology in the paper is equally useful for comparison and ranking of a set of institutes.

Research limitations/implications
– Because of the chosen factors in the approach, the methodology may not be equally suitable based on type and size of institute and the geographical location.

Practical implications
– The paper includes demonstration on application of methodology for comparing the quality in a quantitative manner. The dynamic model allows changing factors and/or their effects as per requirement.

Social implications
– In future, the methodology can be taken up by government/regulatory bodies and can convey the comparisons of institutions to stakeholders including students and parents.

Originality/value
– This paper attempts to develop a novel method for comparing quality that can be used by accreditation bodies.
Do prior studies matter?
Authors: Nalukenge Betty , Wamala Robert , Ocaya Bruno 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– Introduction of law school admission examinations has increased the debate regarding the relevance of prior studies for the enrollees in the program. The key issues of contention are whether prior studies reliably predict academic achievement of enrollees, and demonstrate proficiencies required for admission in the program. The purpose of this paper is to use administrative records of law students at Makerere University – over a four-year stipulated period of bachelor’s studies – to investigate the above-mentioned issues further.

Design/methodology/approach
– Panel data of 2,485 records enable us to explore time variant and invariant factors in the course of bachelor’s candidature.

Findings
– About 81 per cent of differentials in academic achievement was found to be due to variation across students. In addition to confirming prior academic attainment as a contributing factor to variations in academic achievement, our findings affirm that competence in literature, history and divinity predicts success on the program.

Research limitations/implications
– Competence in these subjects (literature, history and divinity) certainly demonstrates proficiencies required by a student of law. Thus, admission based on competence in these subjects provides insights into proficiencies required by enrollees to excel academically in the program.

Originality/value
– Unlike prior studies, this study explores time-variant factors in the course of bachelor’s candidature, and is based on subjects taken during prior studies (secondary education) rather than a pooled index or weighted score adopted on admission to the program.
Microbial stress priming: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Andrade‐Linares Diana R. , Lehmann Anika , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryMicrobes have to cope with complex and dynamic environments, making it likely that anticipatory responses provide fitness benefits. Mild, previous stressors can prepare microbes (stress priming) to further and potentially damaging stressors (triggering). We here quantitatively summarize the findings from over 250 trials of 34 studies including bacteria and fungi, demonstrating that priming to stress has a beneficial impact on microbial survival. In fact, survival of primed microbes was about 10‐fold higher compared with that in non‐primed microbes. Categorical moderators related to microbial taxonomy and the kind of stress applied as priming or as triggering revealed significant differences of priming effect size among 14 different microbial species, 6 stress categories and stressor combination. We found that priming by osmotic, physiological and temperature stress had the highest positive effect sizes on microbial response. Cross‐protection was evident for physiological, temperature and pH stresses. Microbes are better prepared against triggering by oxidative, temperature and osmotic stress. Our finding of an overall positive mean effect of priming regardless of the microbial system and particular stressor provides unprecedentedly strong evidence of the broad ecological significance of microbial stress priming. These results further suggest that stress priming may be an important factor in shaping microbial communities.
SingleTRAMdomainRNA‐binding proteins inArchaea: functional insight fromCtr3 from theAntarctic methanogenMethanococcoides burtonii
Authors: Taha  , Siddiqui K. S. , Campanaro S. , Najnin T. , Deshpande N. , Williams T. J. , Aldrich‐Wright J. , Wilkins M. , Curmi P. M. G. , Cavicchioli R. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryTRAMdomain proteins present inArchaeaandBacteriahave a β‐barrel shape with anti‐parallel β‐sheets that form a nucleic acid binding surface; a structure also present in cold shock proteins (Csps). Aside from protein structures, experimental data defining the function ofTRAMdomains is lacking. Here, we explore the possible functional properties of a singleTRAMdomain protein,Ctr3 (cold‐responsiveTRAMdomain protein3) from the Antarctic archaeonMethanococcoides burtoniithat has increased abundance during low temperature growth. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) bound byCtr3in vitrowas determined usingRNA‐seq.Ctr3‐boundM. burtonii RNAwith a preference for transfer (t)RNAand 5S ribosomalRNA, and a potential binding motif was identified. In tRNA, the motif represented theCloop; a region that is conserved in tRNAfrom all domains of life and appears to be solvent exposed, potentially providing access forCtr3 to bind.Ctr3 andCsps are structurally similar and are both inferred to function in low temperature translation. The broad representation of singleTRAMdomain proteins withinArchaeacompared with their apparent absence inBacteria, and scarcity ofCsps inArchaeabut prevalence inBacteria, suggests they represent distinct evolutionary lineages of functionally equivalentRNA‐binding proteins.
Lifestyle intervention to limit gestational weight gain: the Norwegian Fit for Delivery randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sagedal LR , Øverby NC , Bere E , Torstveit MK , Lohne‐Seiler H , Småstuen M , Hillesund ER , Henriksen T , Vistad I 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo examine whether a lifestyle intervention in pregnancy limits gestational weight gain (GWG) and provides measurable health benefits for mother and newborn.DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingHealthcare clinics of southern Norway.PopulationHealthy, non‐diabetic, nulliparous women, aged ≥18 years, with a body mass index of ≥19 kg/m2, and with a singleton pregnancy at ≤20 weeks of gestation.MethodsWomen were randomised to an intervention group (with dietary counselling twice by telephone and access to twice‐weekly exercise groups) or to a control group (with standard prenatal care). Participants were measured three times during pregnancy and at delivery, and newborns were measured at delivery. Hospital records were reviewed for outcomes of pregnancy and delivery. Assessors were blinded to group allocation. Analysis was performed by intention to treat, assessing GWG using the Student's t–test and linear mixed models, and comparing proportions using the chi‐square test.Main outcome measuresGWG, rates of pregnancy complications and operative deliveries, and newborn birthweight.ResultsA total of 606 women were randomised. Of these, 591 were analysed, with 296 in the intervention group and 295 in the control group. At term, the mean GWG from pre‐pregnancy was 14.4 kg for the intervention group and 15.8 kg for the control group (mean difference 1.3 kg; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.3–2.3 kg; P = 0.009). There was no significant difference between groups in the frequency of pregnancy complications or operative deliveries. The intervention demonstrated no effect on the mean birthweight of term infants, or on the proportion of large newborns.ConclusionsThe Norwegian Fit for Delivery lifestyle intervention in pregnancy had no measurable effect on obstetrical or neonatal outcomes, despite a modest but significant decrease in GWG.Tweetable abstractNorwegian Fit for Delivery RCT: reduced gestational weight gain, unchanged birthweight and obstetric outcomes.
Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound for Appendicitis in Diagnostic and Nondiagnostic Studies
Authors: Kearl Y. Liza , Claudius Ilene , Behar Sol , Cooper John , Dollbaum Ryan , Hardasmalani Madhu , Hardiman Kevin , Rose Emily , Santillanes Genevieve , Berdahl Carl 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectivesSuggestive radiographic studies with nonvisualization of the appendix can present a challenge to clinicians in the evaluation of pediatric abdominal pain. The primary objective of this study was to quantify the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and of ultrasound (US) in the setting of nonvisualization of the appendix. Secondary objectives reported include sensitivity of MRI and US overall and correlation between MRI and US for diagnosis of appendicitis.MethodsRecords of pediatric emergency department patients aged 3 to 21 years undergoing MRI and/or US for the evaluation of appendicitis were retrospectively reviewed. Radiographs were categorized as a normal appendix, neither demonstrating the appendix nor demonstrating abnormalities consistent with appendicitis; equivocal, not demonstrating the appendix but showing evidence of appendicitis; demonstrating an abnormal appendix consistent with appendicitis; or demonstrating an alternate pathology. The reading was compared with the final diagnosis for accuracy.ResultsOf the 589 patients included, 146 had appendicitis. Diagnostic accuracy for studies with a nonvisualized appendix without secondary signs of appendicitis was 100% for MRI and 91.4% (95% CI = 87.3% to 94.2%) for US. Diagnostic accuracy for studies with a nonvisualized appendix with secondary signs of appendicitis was 50% (95% CI = 2.5% to 97.5%) for MRI and 38.9% (95% CI = 18.2% to 64.5%) for US. Appendicitis was ultimately diagnosed in 8.6% of patients with an otherwise negative right lower quadrant (RLQ) US that failed to directly identify the appendix. There was a moderate correlation between US and MRI (ρ = 0.573, p = 0.0001) when all studies were considered.ConclusionsMagnetic resonance imaging without secondary signs of appendicitis is effective in excluding appendicitis regardless of whether the appendix is directly visualized, while otherwise negative RLQ US that fail to identify the appendix are less useful. Secondary signs of appendicitis without visualization of the appendix were not helpful regardless of radiographic modality. Results of MRI and US correlated moderately well.
Tugendhat's Idea of Truth
Authors: Skirke Christian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper argues that Tugendhat's critique of Heidegger's existential conception of truth as disclosedness is usually misunderstood. The main claim of this paper is that Tugendhat insists against Heidegger on certain conventional features of truth such as conformity of the law of non‐contradiction, not because he adheres to an ideal of truth as correctness; rather, he proposes an alternative existential conception of truth in terms of an active, critical or self‐critical, engagement with untruth. Various recent objections to Tugendhat's critique of Heidegger are discussed against the background of his alternative and are rejected. The paper concludes by outlining several challenges to Tugendhat's alternative existential conception of truth.
Recovery and dynamics of decomposing plant residue in soil: an evaluation of three fractionation methods
Authors: Diochon A. , Gillespie A. W. , Ellert B. H. , Janzen H. H. , Gregorich E. G. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryOur goals in this study were to track the incorporation of plant residue into soil organic matter (SOM) and test the effectiveness of different fractionation methods to evaluate this transformation. We incubated soil amended with 13C‐labelled barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) residue and used three fractionation methods based on size (> 250, 53–250, 5–53 and < 5 µm) and density (< 1.7 g cm−3, i.e. light fraction (LF)) and determined its quantity and the rate of C loss or gain or both in these fractions as decomposition progressed. One method was based on size only, another involved density separation followed by size fractionation and a third separated organic matter fractions by size first and then by density. There were significant quantitative differences between the methods for the amount of residue in the fractions, but there was no effect of fractionation method on the rate of change in the residue that comprised the fractions. The density method did not appear to identify all of the most recently added (i.e. least decomposed) residue in the LF or that there was a redistribution of SOM among the fractions. The amount of residue C and the C:N ratio of the residue in the two smallest fractions increased early during the incubation (0–2 months), but subsequently decreased towards the end. The initially small C:N ratio in the clay fraction probably reflects the accumulation of microbial by‐products from the rapid decomposition of water‐soluble compounds. The subsequent increase and decrease in both residue C and C:N ratio reflects the balance of the accumulation of sorbed water‐soluble compounds and dense plant residue fragments and their mineralization over time. We conclude that clay is a sink for residue C (i.e. microbial metabolites) early during decomposition, and that there is a transfer among fractions and mineralization of residue C as decomposition proceeds. These findings indicate that the clay fraction contains a dynamic pool of C that can cycle within short time‐scales.
Dissolved nutrient exports from natural and human‐impacted Neotropical catchments
Authors: Gücker Björn , Silva Ricky C. S. , Graeber Daniel , Monteiro José A. F. , Brookshire E. N. Jack , Chaves Ronaldo C. , Boëchat Iola G. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimNeotropical biomes are highly threatened by land‐use changes, but the catchment‐wide biogeochemical effects are poorly understood. Here, we aim to compare exports of dissolved nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from natural and human‐impacted catchments in the Neotropics.LocationNeotropics.MethodsWe measured streamwater nutrient concentrations and exports in 20 south‐eastern Brazilian catchments with different land uses (natural Cerrado/semi‐deciduous forest, pasture, intensive agriculture and urban areas) and conducted a meta‐analysis on nutrient exports from Neotropical catchments, both natural and human‐impacted.ResultsOrganic forms dominated dissolved nutrient exports in central/south‐east Brazil in both natural and human‐dominated catchments. Our meta‐analysis suggests that there is wide geographic variability in the natural dominance of organic versus inorganic nutrient exports across the Neotropics, and for N a tendency for inorganic and organic forms to vary inversely across sites. We found strong land‐use effects, especially in urban areas. In areas naturally dominated by organic N exports, land use did not overturn that dominance, but rather increased the concentration of both inorganic and organic N. In catchments dominated by inorganic N exports or showing equivalent organic and inorganic exports, land use also caused organic exports to be dominant. Land‐use effects on P were unclear, probably owing to a paucity of available data, but our results from south‐east Brazil suggested that land use also increases dissolved P exports.Main conclusionsWe show that dominance of inorganic versus organic nutrient exports is highly variable across natural Neotropical catchments, a pattern contrasting with the general tendency for dominance of organic N in natural temperate catchments. Further, we found a general dominance of organic N in most human‐impacted catchments, which is in contrast to strong dominance of inorganic N in most human‐impacted temperate catchments. Finally, we find that urbanization exerts the strongest impacts on nutrient exports, thus underscoring wastewater treatment as a critical management priority under future land‐use change.
Delineating probabilistic species pools in ecology and biogeography
Authors: Karger Dirk Nikolaus , Cord Anna F. , Kessler Michael , Kreft Holger , Kühn Ingolf , Pompe Sven , Sandel Brody , Sarmento Cabral Juliano , Smith Adam B. , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Tuomisto Hanna , Weigelt Patrick , Wesche Karsten 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo provide a mechanistic and probabilistic framework for defining the species pool based on species‐specific probabilities of dispersal, environmental suitability and biotic interactions within a specific temporal extent, and to show how probabilistic species pools can help disentangle the geographical structure of different community assembly processes.InnovationProbabilistic species pools provide an improved species pool definition based on probabilities in conjunction with the associated species list, which explicitly recognize the indeterminate nature of species pool membership for a given focal unit of interest and better capture real‐world complexity. Probabilistic species pools provide a quantitative assessment of how dispersal, environmental or biotic factors influence estimates of species pool composition and size for a given temporal extent.ConclusionsBased on one simulated and two empirical examples we demonstrate that probabilistic species pools allow us to disentangle the geographical variation in dispersal, environmental and biotic assembly processes for species assemblages in focal units. We also show that probabilistic species pools are fully compatible with traditional definitions of species pools and are applicable over a wide range of spatial and temporal extents. Additionally they are robust to missing data and provide a quantified and transparent approach to estimating the size and composition of species pools in a mechanistic way, providing a valuable tool for studies from community ecology to macroecology.
When a Door Closes, a Window Opens? Long-Term Labor Market Effects of Involuntary Separations
Authors: Balestra Simone , Backes-Gellner Uschi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study estimates the earning losses of workers experiencing an involuntary job separation. We employ, for the first time in the earning losses literature, a Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood estimator with fixed effects that has several advantages with respect to conventional fixed effects models. The Poisson estimator allows considering the full set of involuntary separations, including those with zero labor market earnings because of unemployment. By including individuals with zero earnings and by using our new method, the loss in the year of separation becomes larger than in previous studies. The loss starts with roughly 30% and, although it quickly shrinks, it remains at around 15% in the following years. In addition, we find that compared to other reasons for separation, the earning loss pattern is unique for involuntary separations, because no other type of separation implies such permanent scarring. This latter finding makes us confident that the self-reported involuntariness of a separation is a reliable source of information.
Association of class I and II HLA alleles and haplotypes with susceptibility to vitiligo: a study of patients with vitiligo from southeast Brazil
Authors: Ramire Leandro D. , Marcos Elaine V. C. , Godoy Deise A. S. , de Souza‐Santana Fabiana C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe association of vitiligo with the HLA complex has been previously described in various populations worldwide. However, until now, no similar study has been conducted in Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the association of HLA alleles with vitiligo in the population of southeast Brazil.MethodsDNA samples from 116 patients with vitiligo and 243 healthy controls were obtained using the salting‐out technique. HLA class I (A*, B*, C*) and class II (DRB1* and DQB1*) alleles were amplified by polymerase chain reaction with specific oligonucleotide sequences.ResultsThe case–control study identified susceptibility associations with alleles HLA‐A*02 (P = 0.0001, Pc = 0.0020, odds ratio [OR] = 2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.69–4.26) and HLA‐DRB1*07 (P = 0.0001, Pc = 0.0013, OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.66–4.34). The alleles HLA‐A*32 (P = 0.0156, Pc = 0.3120, OR = 22.43, 95% CI = 1.12–449.46) and HLA‐DQB1*06 (P = 0.0207, Pc = 0.1035, OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.10–0.81) were associated with both localized and generalized vitiligo. The haplotype analysis revealed that A*02‐B*51‐C*15‐DRB1*07‐DQB1*02 (P = 0.0113), A*02‐B*15‐C*07‐DRB1*13‐DQB1*06 (P = 0.0340), and A*29‐B*44‐C*16‐DRB1*07‐DQB1*02 (P = 0.0340) were associated with a predisposition to the disease.ConclusionsOur results show that HLA alleles and haplotypes may contribute to the pathogenesis of vitiligo in the Brazilian population.