bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting species establishment using absent species and functional neighborhoods
Authors: Bennett Jonathan A. , Pärtel Meelis 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSpecies establishment within a community depends on their interactions with the local environment and resident community. Such environmental and biotic filtering is frequently inferred from functional trait and phylogenetic patterns within communities; these patterns may also predict which additional species can establish. However, differentiating between environmental and biotic filtering can be challenging, which may complicate establishment predictions. Creating a habitat‐specific species pool by identifying which absent species within the region can establish in the focal habitat allows us to isolate biotic filtering by modeling dissimilarity between the observed and biotically excluded species able to pass environmental filters. Similarly, modeling the dissimilarity between the habitat‐specific species pool and the environmentally excluded species within the region can isolate local environmental filters. Combined, these models identify potentially successful phenotypes and why certain phenotypes were unsuccessful. Here, we present a framework that uses the functional dissimilarity among these groups in logistic models to predict establishment of additional species. This approach can use multivariate trait distances and phylogenetic information, but is most powerful when using individual traits and their interactions. It also requires an appropriate distance‐based dissimilarity measure, yet the two most commonly used indices, nearest neighbor (one species) and mean pairwise (all species) distances, may inaccurately predict establishment. By iteratively increasing the number of species used to measure dissimilarity, a functional neighborhood can be chosen that maximizes the detection of underlying trait patterns. We tested this framework using two seed addition experiments in calcareous grasslands. Although the functional neighborhood size that best fits the community's trait structure depended on the type of filtering considered, selecting these functional neighborhood sizes allowed our framework to predict up to 50% of the variation in actual establishment from seed. These results indicate that the proposed framework may be a powerful tool for studying and predicting species establishment.
Differentiating heart failure phenotypes using sex‐specific transcriptomic and proteomic biomarker panels
Authors: Toma Mustafa , Mak George J. , Chen Virginia , Hollander Zsuzsanna , Shannon Casey P. , Lam Karen K.Y. , Ng Raymond T. , Tebbutt Scott J. , Wilson‐McManus Janet E. , Ignaszewski Andrew , Anderson Todd , Dyck Jason R.B. , Howlett Jonathan , Ezekowitz Justin , McManus Bruce M. , Oudit Gavin Y. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimsHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for 30–50% of patients with heart failure (HF). A major obstacle in HF management is the difficulty in differentiating between HFpEF and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) using conventional clinical and laboratory investigations. The aim of this study is to develop robust transcriptomic and proteomic biomarker signatures that can differentiate HFpEF from HFrEF.Methods and resultsA total of 210 HF patients were recruited in participating institutions from the Alberta HEART study. An expert clinical adjudicating panel differentiated between patients with HFpEF and HFrEF. The discovery cohort consisted of 61 patients, and the replication cohort consisted of 70 patients. Transcriptomic and proteomic data were analysed to find panels of differentiating HFpEF from HFrEF. In the discovery cohort, a 22‐transcript panel was found to differentiate HFpEF from HFrEF in male patients with a cross‐validation AUC of 0.74, as compared with 0.70 for N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) in those same patients. An ensemble of the transcript panel and NT‐pro‐BNP yielded a cross‐validation AUC of 0.80. This performance improvement was also observed in the replication cohort. An ensemble of the transcriptomic panel with NT‐proBNP produced a replication AUC of 0.90, as compared with 0.74 for NT‐proBNP alone and 0.73 for the transcriptomic panel.ConclusionsWe have identified a male‐specific transcriptomic biomarker panel that can differentiate between HFpEF and HFrEF. These biosignatures could be further replicated on other patients and potentially be developed into a blood test for better management of HF patients.
Differences in antioxidant activity between two rice protein concentrates in an oil‐in‐water emulsion
Authors: Bakota Erica L. , Winkler‐Moser Jill K. 
Published: March 2017

Two formulations of rice protein concentrates (RPC) derived from brown rice were evaluated for their antioxidant activity in bulk oil and in oil‐in‐water emulsions. Bulk oils were mixed with RPC and heated to 180°C, and total polar compounds and triacylglycerol polymerization were measured. Minimal antioxidant activity was observed in the bulk oil phase. Rice protein concentrates were incorporated into soybean oil‐in‐water emulsions, which were oxidized at 50°C for 8 days. Lipid oxidation in emulsions was assessed via peroxide values (PV), headspace oxygen levels, headspace volatile oxidation products, and fatty acid analysis. One of the RPC treatments showed some antioxidant activity in emulsions, suggesting that RPC could potentially be used to extend shelf life and preserve product quality.Practical applications: Naturally derived antioxidants that can inhibit oxidation in edible oils are in high demand. As consumers become more label‐conscious, synthetic antioxidants are falling out of favor. Rice proteins offer a means of antioxidant capability in emulsions, which may have applications in improving shelf life and/or product quality in a variety of foods, including sauces, salad dressings, and dairy products. Rice protein concentrations show more promise in emulsions than in bulk oil.Protein concentrates derived from brown rice (left) were incorporated into oil‐in‐water emulsions (center) and showed differing abilities to suppress lipid oxidation (linolenic acid, shown right).
Novel glyceryl ethers phospholipids produced by solid to solid transphosphatidylation in the presence of a food grade phospholipase D
Authors: Arranz‐Martínez Pablo , Casado Víctor , Reglero Guillermo , Torres Carlos F. 
Published: March 2017

Enzymatic transphosphatidylation between batyl alcohol and phospatidylcholine has been investigated. In situ product removal methodology and the utilization of a green biphasic medium consisting of a buffer and an organic phase comprised of generally recognized as safe flavoring additives, have been established as milestones to increase the applicability of the process. Different organic phases (limonene, pinene, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl butyrate, hexanal, and cyclopentanone) and one aqueous phase (0.1 M acetate buffer at pH = 5.5) were studied. The relative proportion of organic and aqueous phases was also investigated. Different molar ratios alkylglycerol/phosphatidylcholine (10:1, 5:1, 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2) were also evaluated. Addition of calcium chloride and the reaction temperature have been adjusted in the enzymatic transphosphatidylation. Finally, the percentage of phospholipase D and the molar concentration of the reactants were also optimized. The ratio transphosphatidylation to hydrolysis was evaluated for the different biphasic reaction mixtures tested. The best results (ca. 70% w/w of glyceryl ether phospholipid) were achieved utilizing 5% (w/w) of phospholipase D, equimolar ratio of reactants and limonene/acetate buffer at a volumetric ratio 1:3. The volumetric productivity of the process was then optimized up to 126 mM and scaled‐up to 50 g of reaction mixture with similar results in terms of composition and yield. This study reports a procedure for the production of tailor‐made phospholipids from commercial sources with high volumetric yield. These highly valuable ingredients are intended to be used as both delivery systems and bioactive lipids.Practical applications: Solid to solid transphosphatidylation based on in situ product removal has been developed for the synthesis of a novel glyceryl ether phospholipid, incorporating batyl alcohol into the polar head of the phosphatidylcholine in the presence of a food grade PLD. Enzymatic transphosphatidylation usually reported in the literature utilize very low concentration of phospholipid and a large excess of the other reactant. In this sense, the present study evaluated different molar ratios alkylglycerol/phosphatidylcholine. Besides, regarding novel phospholipid as food for human use, the utilization of toxic organic solvents was avoided in its production, replacing them by GRAS organic solvents. Hence, this procedure readily scalable is intended to be used for obtaining this novel glyceryl ether phospholipid with capabilities to perform as both novel delivery systems and bioactive lipids. In addition, a very simple downstream process for product recovery has been also described.Schematic representation of a solid to solid transphosphatidylation reaction between phosphatidylcholine and batyl alcohol in a biphasic reaction medium comprised of an acetate buffer and an organic solvent generally recognized as safe (limonene).
Discrimination of sesame oil adulterated with corn oil using information fusion of synchronous and asynchronous two‐dimensional near‐mid infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Renjie , Dong Guimei , Sun Xueshan , Yang Yanrong , Liu Haixue , Du Yanhong , Jin Hao , Zhang Weiyu 
Published: March 2017

A new and accurate approach for classifying sesame oil adulterated with corn oil using the information fusion of synchronous and asynchronous 2D NIR‐MIR correlation spectroscopy combined with least squares support vector machines (LS‐SVM). N‐way partial least square discriminant analysis (NPLS‐DA) was adopted to extract the principal components of synchronous and asynchronous 2D NIR‐MIR correlation matrices. And the score matrices of synchronous and asynchronous 2D NIR‐MIR correlation spectroscopy were emerged. Both separate and emerged score matrices were input LS‐SVM to construct discriminate models for adulterated sesame oil. The ratios of correct classification were 98.1 and 100% for calibration set and prediction set, respectively, based on information fusion combined with LS‐SVM. Comparison results showed that the LS‐SVM model could provide higher discriminant accuracy for adulterated sesame soil based on the information fusion of synchronous and asynchronous 2D NIR‐MIR correlation spectroscopy than both separate spectra information.Practical applications: The proposed method not only contains NIR and MIR spectral information, but also contains the similar and dissimilar variation spectral information with the perturbation. Thus, the method can provide better discriminate results of adulterated sesame oil in comparison with conventional spectral methods; can also be applied to other food safety detection areas.The information fusion of synchronous and asynchronous 2D NIR‐MIR correlation spectroscopy is proposed for classifying adulterated sesame oil.
On numerical aspects of simulating flow past a circular cylinder
Authors: Jiang Hongyi , Cheng Liang , An Hongwei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThree‐dimensional direct numerical simulation results of flow past a circular cylinder are influenced by numerical aspects, for example the spanwise domain length and the lateral boundary condition adopted for the simulation. It is found that inappropriate numerical set‐up, which restricts the development of intrinsic wake structure, leads to an over‐prediction of the onset point of the secondary wake instability (Recr). A best practice of the numerical set‐up is presented for the accurate prediction of Recr by direct numerical simulation while minimizing the computational cost. The cylinder span length should be chosen on the basis of the intrinsic wavelength of the wake structure to be simulated, whereas a long span length is not necessary. For the wake transitions above Recr, because the wake structures no longer follow particular wavelengths but become disordered and chaotic, a span length of more than 10 cylinder diameters (approximately three times the intrinsic wavelength) is recommended for the simulations to obtain wake structures and hydrodynamic forces that are not strongly restricted by the numerical set‐up. The performances of the periodic and symmetry lateral boundary conditions are compared and discussed. The symmetry boundary condition is recommended for predicting Recr, while the periodic boundary condition is recommended for simulating the wake structures above Recr. The general conclusions drawn through a circular cylinder are expected to be applicable to other bluff body configurations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Role of Vesicles as Templates for the Oxidation and Oligomerization ofp‐Aminodiphenylamine by Cytochromec
Authors: Luginbühl Sandra , Iwasaki Fumihiko , Chirackal Varkey Elizabeth , Umakoshi Hiroshi , Walde Peter 
Published: March 2017

The oxidation and subsequent oligo‐ or polymerization of aniline or the N‐C‐paracoupled aniline dimerp‐aminodiphenylamine (N‐phenyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine) with H2O2‐dependent heme peroxidases in aqueous medium at pH = 4.3 is strongly influenced in a positive way by the presence of anionic polymers, micelles or vesicles as soft ‘templates’ (macromolecular or polymolecular additives), to yield products which resemble the emeraldine salt form of polyaniline (PANI‐ES). The positive effect the templates exert on the reaction mainly originates from interactions between the templates and the monomers, reaction intermediates and products, whereby the reaction occurs localized in the vicinity of the templates, suppressing undesired side reactions. As shown in the present work, the templates may even play an additional role, depending on the type of catalyst. Through interactions between the heme protein cytochromecand anionic vesicles, cytochromecgains increased peroxidase activity. In this way, the templates not only serve for hosting the oxidation and oligo‐ or polymerization reactions for obtaining PANI‐ES type products, but also simultaneously activate the catalyst in order to trigger the reaction.
Cokriging for enhanced spatial interpolation of rainfall in two Australian catchments
Authors: Adhikary Sajal Kumar , Muttil Nitin , Yilmaz Abdullah Gokhan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRainfall data in continuous space provide an essential input for most hydrological and water resources planning studies. Spatial distribution of rainfall is usually estimated using ground‐based point rainfall data from sparsely positioned rain‐gauge stations in a rain‐gauge network. Kriging has become a widely used interpolation method to estimate the spatial distribution of climate variables including rainfall. The objective of this study is to evaluate three geostatistical (ordinary kriging [OK], ordinary cokriging [OCK], kriging with an external drift [KED]), and two deterministic (inverse distance weighting, radial basis function) interpolation methods for enhanced spatial interpolation of monthly rainfall in the Middle Yarra River catchment and the Ovens River catchment in Victoria, Australia. Historical rainfall records from existing rain‐gauge stations of the catchments during 1980–2012 period are used for the analysis. A digital elevation model of each catchment is used as the supplementary information in addition to rainfall for the OCK and kriging with an external drift methods. The prediction performance of the adopted interpolation methods is assessed through cross‐validation. Results indicate that the geostatistical methods outperform the deterministic methods for spatial interpolation of rainfall. Results also indicate that among the geostatistical methods, the OCK method is found to be the best interpolator for estimating spatial rainfall distribution in both the catchments with the lowest prediction error between the observed and estimated monthly rainfall. Thus, this study demonstrates that the use of elevation as an auxiliary variable in addition to rainfall data in the geostatistical framework can significantly enhance the estimation of rainfall over a catchment.
Pre‐implantation genetic screening among women experiencing recurrent failure of in vitro fertilization
Authors: Hatirnaz Safak , Ozer Alev , Hatirnaz Ebru , Atasever Melahat , Başaranoglu Serdar , Kanat‐Pektas Mine , Api Murat 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the efficiency of pre‐implantation genetic screening (PGS) among women scheduled to undergo intracytoplasmic sperm injection who had experienced recurrent in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure.MethodsThe present retrospective cohort study reviewed the medical records of consecutive women who had experienced recurrent IVF failure and had presented at a private IVF facility in Trabzon Province, Turkey, to undergo intracytoplasmic sperm injection between May 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014. Patient data and perinatal outcomes were compared between patients who underwent PGS and those who did not.ResultsThere were 88 patients included in the study; 43 patients had undergone PGS and 45 had declined to do so. No differences were detected in the clinical pregnancy rate (P=0.846), spontaneous abortion rate (P=0.416), number of perinatal deaths (P=0.162), or the number of live deliveries (P=0.188) between the groups of patients. The pregnancies included in the study resulted in 25 neonates being delivered; 24 had normal karyotypes, and one neonate from the control group had a karyotype of 46, XX, 9ph. Among the 19 embryos that were not transferred, the most frequently encountered chromosomal anomalies were diploidy, monosomy X, and 2N/N/4N mosaicism, detected in 7 (37%), 2 (11%), and 2 (11%) embryos, respectively.ConclusionPGS had no effect on perinatal outcomes among women experiencing recurrent IVF failure.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes among women with HIV infection and their infants in Malawi
Authors: Chevalier Michelle S. , King Caroline C. , Ellington Sascha , Wiener Jeffrey , Kayira Dumbani , Chasela Charles S. , Jamieson Denise J. , Kourtis Athena P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality among women with HIV infection and their infants.MethodsA secondary analysis was undertaken of data obtained in the BAN Study, a trial of postnatal antiretrovirals among pregnant women with HIV infection enrolled in 2004–2010. Mothers and infants had 13 scheduled visits through 48 weeks of follow‐up. Serious maternal morbidity and mortality were examined at delivery (n=2791), from delivery to 6 weeks later (n=2369) and from 7 to 48 weeks (n=1980). Neonatal morbidity and mortality were examined (n=2685).ResultsOf 2791 deliveries, 169 (6.1%) were by cesarean (153 emergency). Compared with women with vaginal delivery, those with cesarean delivery had lower prenatal HIV viral loads (P=0.016) and increased odds of pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia (odds ratio [OR] 10.8, 95% CI 4.4–26.8). Women with cesarean delivery also had increased odds of serious infection with 14 days of delivery (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.3–7.4) and severe anemia (grade 3 or 4) by 6 weeks (OR 6.7, 95% CI 2.3–19.1). Infants born by cesarean had increased odds of a low 5‐minute Apgar score (OR 8.1, 95% CI 3.5–18.6) and admission to an intensive care unit (OR 5.4, 95% CI 3.7–7.8).ConclusionOdds of serious maternal and neonatal morbidity were higher after cesarean than vaginal delivery, despite lower maternal viral loads.
Cohort study of the depression, anxiety, and anhedonia components of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale after delivery
Authors: Zanardo Vincenzo , Giliberti Lara , Volpe Francesca , Parotto Matteo , de Luca Federico , Straface Gianluca 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the applicability of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for identifying depressive symptoms following vaginal or cesarean delivery.MethodsThe present observational study included consecutive Italian‐speaking women who underwent vaginal or cesarean deliveries of uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at term at Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme, Italy, between February 1, 2014, and May 31, 2015, who completed the EPDS 2 days after delivery. EPDS scores and the depression, anxiety, and anhedonia subscale items were compared between delivery methods to identify factors predictive of high EPDS scores.ResultsThere were 950 patients included in the analysis; 694 (73.1%) and 256 (26.9%) patients underwent vaginal and cesarean deliveries, respectively. Total EPDS scores were higher among patients who had cesarean deliveries compared with vaginal deliveries (6.95±4.80 vs 6.05±4.20; P=0.007); the depression (0.53±0.72 vs 0.37±0.65; P=0.007), anxiety (1.07±0.88 vs 1.16±0.93; P=0.021), and anhedonia (0.32±0.59 vs 0.19±0.48; P=0.009) subscale scores were all higher among patients who underwent cesarean deliveries.ConclusionWomen who underwent cesarean deliveries demonstrated higher EPDS scores and could be at increased risk of developing early postpartum depressive symptomatology, particularly anhedonia, anxiety, and depression.
Charge transfer dissociation of phosphocholines: gas‐phase ion/ion reactions between helium cations and phospholipid cations
Authors: Li Pengfei , Jackson Glen P. 
Published: March 2017

Phospholipid cations formed by electrospray ionization were subjected to excitation and fragmentation by a beam of 6 keV helium cations in a process termed charge transfer dissociation (CTD). The resulting fragmentation pattern in CTD is different from that of conventional collision‐induced dissociation, but analogous to that of metastable atom‐activated dissociation and electron‐induced dissociation. Like collision‐induced dissociation, CTD yields product ions indicative of acyl chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation in the fatty acyl moieties but also provides additional structural diagnostic information, such as double bond position. Although CTD has not been tested on a larger lipid sample pool, the extent of structural information obtained demonstrates that CTD is a useful tool for lipid structure characterization, and a potentially useful tool in future lipidomics workflows. CTD is relatively unique in that it can produce a relatively strong series of 2+ product ions with enhanced abundance at the double bond position. The generally low signal‐to‐noise ratios and spectral complexity of CTD make it less appealing than OzID or other radical‐induced methods for the lipids studies here, but improvements in CTD efficiency could make CTD more appealing in the future. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.