bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberculous lymphadenitis: Comparison of cytomorphology, Ziehl–Neelsen staining, and rapid mycobacterial culture at a pediatric superspecialty hospital
Authors: Mahana Sonam , Tomar Reena , Agrawal Rawi , Saksena Rushika , Manchanda Vikas , Gupta Ruchika 
Published: July 2016

Background:
To evaluate and compare the role of Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining and mycobacterial culture in diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 56 fine needle aspirations (FNAs) from patients who were clinically suspected to have tuberculous lymphadenitis were included. Acid-fast Bacilli detection was attempted by ZN staining on smears as well as culture on Middlebrook 7H9 broth. Percentage positivity of both smears and culture was calculated.

Results:
Of the 56 cases, 46 showed cytomorphological features consistent with tuberculosis (TB). The most common pattern was only necrosis in 37 cases followed by necrotizing granulomas in 13 cases. ZN-stained smears were positive in 40 cases while culture was positive in only 27 cases. The highest smear and culture positivity was noted in cases with only necrosis. In six cases, diagnosis of TB was made on culture alone since smear was negative in these cases.

Conclusion:
FNA is a reliable technique for early and accurate diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis in many cases. Mycobacterial culture by newer rapid techniques can assist in bacillary detection in smear-negative cases and also allows for drug sensitivity testing. Hence, culture should be resorted to in such cases.
A surface reflectance scheme for retrieving aerosol optical depth over urban
surfaces in MODIS Dark Target retrieval algorithm
Authors: Gupta Pawan , Levy Robert C. , Mattoo Shana , Remer Lorraine A. , Munchak Leigh A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments, aboard the two Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites Terra and Aqua, provide aerosol information with nearly daily global coverage at moderate spatial resolution (10 and 3 km). Almost 15 years of aerosol data records are now available from MODIS that can be used for various climate and air-quality applications. However, the application of MODIS aerosol products for air-quality concerns is limited by a reduction in retrieval accuracy over urban surfaces. This is largely because the urban surface reflectance behaves differently than that assumed for natural surfaces. In this study, we address the inaccuracies produced by the MODIS Dark Target (MDT) algorithm aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals over urban areas and suggest improvements by modifying the surface reflectance scheme in the algorithm. By integrating MODIS Land Surface Reflectance and Land Cover Type information into the aerosol surface parameterization scheme for urban areas, much of the issues associated with the standard algorithm have been mitigated for our test region, the continental United States (CONUS). The new surface scheme takes into account the change in underlying surface type and is only applied for MODIS pixels with urban percentage (UP) larger than 20 %. Over the urban areas where the new scheme has been applied (UP > 20 %), the number of AOD retrievals falling within expected error (EE %) has increased by 20 %, and the strong positive bias against ground-based sun photometry has been eliminated. However, we note that the new retrieval introduces a small negative bias for AOD values less than 0.1 due to the ultra-sensitivity of the AOD retrieval to the surface parameterization under low atmospheric aerosol loadings. Global application of the new urban surface parameterization appears promising, but further research and analysis are required before global implementation.
PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES STUDIES OF HALOGEN-FREE FLAME RETARDANT STYRENE–BUTADIENE RUBBER BASED ON APP AND PUMAPP
Authors: Qiao Zhihua , Li Ruimin , Zhang Li , Zhang Di 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with polyurethane resin (PUMAPP) was prepared by in situ polymerization and was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The particle's water solubility was decreased through the microencapsulation of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with the polyurethane resin. The flame retardation of APP/pentaerythritol (PER) and PUMAPP/PER flame retarded styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) composites was studied using limiting oxygen index and UL-94 tests, and the thermal stability was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis and microscale combustion colorimeter. Results demonstrated that the flame retardancy of the SBR/PUMAPP/PER composites was better than that of the SBR/APP/PER composites at the same additive loading. The water-resistant properties of the SBR composites containing PUMAPP and APP were also studied. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry were used to analyze the morphological structure and the component of the residue chars formed from the SBR composites accordingly, and the mechanical properties of the materials were also studied.
The Shift Invariant Discrete Wavelet Transform (SIDWT) with Inflation Time Series Application
Authors: Suparti Suparti , Caraka Rezzy Eko , Warsito Budi , Yasin Hasbi 
Published: July 2016

<p>Analysis of time series used in many areas, one of which is in the field economy. In this research using time series on inflation using Shift Invariant Discrete Wavelet Transform (SIDWT).Time series decomposition using transformation wavelet namely SIDWT with Haar filter and D4. Results of the transformation, coefficient of drag coefficient wavelet and scale that is used for modeling time series. Modeling done by using Multiscale Autoregressive (MAR). In a certain area, inflation to it is an important that he had made the standard-bearer of economic well-being of society, the factors Directors investors in selecting a kind of investment, and the determining factor for the government to formulate policy fiscal, monetary, as well as non-monetary that will be applied. Inflation can be analyzed using methods Shift Invariant Discrete Wavelet Transform (SIDWT) which had been modeled for them to use Mulitiscale Autoregressive (MAR) with the R2 value 93.62%.</p>
Some Fixed Point Theorems in Complete Dislocated Quasi-b-metric Space
Authors: Wu Hao , Wu Dingping 
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we main introduced some concepts and Ciric cyclic fixed point theorem in the complete dislocated quasi-b-metric space. We also can improve some fixed point theorems by Ciric cyclic fixed point theorem such as Kannan cyclic fixed point theorem. It is consist with [Klin-Eam. C, 2016]. Our results for such space consist with the metric space. And our theorems generalization and extend some results in the literature.
The relationship between levels of resilience and coping styles in chiropractic students and perceived levels of stress and well-being
Authors: Innes Stanley I. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between chiropractic students' coping styles and levels of resilience with their physical injuries, perceived levels of stress, and well-being.MethodsA questionnaire was distributed to the entire student body of the chiropractic program at Murdoch University, and gathered demographic variables and responses to the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Perceived Levels of Stress Scale, Everyday Feelings Questionnaire, and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate for significant relationships.ResultsOf 244 students, 194 (81%) completed the surveys. Being female and not having recovered from an injury within 12 months was significantly associated with lower levels of well-being and higher levels of stress. Being female, possessing an increased use of an emotional-based coping style, and having lower levels of well-being were associated with higher levels of stress (R2 = 0.65, F(6,164) = 50.47, p &lt; .001). Lower levels of well-being were associated with being female, higher perceived levels of stress, lower levels of resilience, and an increased use emotional coping styles (R2 = 0.64, F[6,164] = 49.5, p &lt; .001).ConclusionIt is possible to identify chiropractic students at the university who are at risk of experiencing low levels of well-being and high levels of stress. These students may benefit from interventions aimed at enhancing their coping style choices and increasing their resilience levels. Future studies are recommended to see if these findings are consistent across chiropractic programs nationally and internationally.
Alterações posturais de idosos frequentadores de um clube para pessoas idosas Postural changes of elderly people that frequent a club for elderly people
Authors: Alves Karoline Lima , Patrício Anna Cláudia Freire de Araújo , Santos Jiovana de Souza , Andrade Danielle Maria Rorigues de , Crescêncio Lia Costa , Albuquerque Karla Fernandes de 
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Analisar alterações posturais de idosos frequentadores de um clube para pessoa idosa. Métodos: Estudo realizado com 55 idosos, 67,2±6,6 anos de idade, sendo 65,5%(36) do sexo feminino. Utilizou-se um questionário composto de variáveis sociodemográficas e um Instrumento de Avaliação Postural que contém itens que avaliam alterações posturais nas vistas: anterior, lateral e posterior. Os dados foram processados no programa SPSS 19.0. Resultados: Observou-se alta prevalência de idosos com ausência de desvios posturais, no entanto algumas deformidades foram encontradas: 60% (33) encontrava-se com a cabeça projetada para frente e 49,1% (27) hiperlordose presente. Conclusão: Os dados demonstram que embora tenham surgido algumas alterações osteomusculares próprias do processo de envelhecimento, a maioria dos idosos apresentaram-se normais, refletindo a eficácia das atividades ou tratamentos prévios destinados a minimização de alterações posturais com consequente melhoria na qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa.Descritores: Idoso, Postura, Coluna Vertebral.
Decadal to centennial fluctuations in the intensity of the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone during the last 1200 years
Authors: Tems Caitlin E. , Berelson William M. , Thunell Robert , Tappa Eric , Xu Xiaomei , Khider Deborah , Lund Steve , González‐Yajimovich Oscar , Hamann Yvonne 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOxygen minimum zones (OMZs), located below highly productive marine regions, are sites of microbially mediated denitrification and biogeochemical cycling that have global significance. The intensity of OMZs fluctuates naturally; however, the degree of these fluctuations and a comprehensive understanding of the factors that drive these fluctuations on decadal to centennial time scales is lacking. Our high‐resolution (near‐annual) record of δ15Nsed from laminated sediments at the Pescadero Slope in the Gulf of California (eastern tropical North Pacific) fluctuates between maximum values of 10.5‰ and minimum values of 8.0‰ over the past 1200 years. An analysis of the relationship between δ15NO3− and [O2] in the water column suggests that the observed range of δ15Nsed values is equivalent to an approximately 8 µM fluctuation in O2 content and that these changes can occur in less than 25 years. Our findings show that the OMZ typically intensifies quickly and contracts gradually; the average rate of OMZ intensification (−0.24 µM O2/yr) is twice as fast as the rate of OMZ reoxygenation. Spectral analyses of the δ15Nsed record and Br/Cl counts, with the latter are used as a proxy for organic carbon preservation, suggest that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Suess (deVries) solar cycle (solar irradiance) may influence the intensity of the OMZ and carbon production/export during the late Holocene. Coherence between δ15Nsed and weight percent organic carbon also suggests that similar mechanisms influence both OMZ fluctuations and variation in organic carbon production/export.
Long‐term CO2 fertilization increases vegetation productivity and has little effect on hydrological partitioning in tropical rainforests
Authors: Yang Yuting , Donohue Randall J. , McVicar Tim R. , Roderick Michael L. , Beck Hylke E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how tropical rainforests respond to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) is essential for predicting Earth's carbon, water, and energy budgets under future climate change. Here we use long‐term (1982–2010) precipitation (P) and runoff (Q) measurements to infer runoff coefficient (Q/P) and evapotranspiration (E) trends across 18 unimpaired tropical rainforest catchments. We complement that analysis by using satellite observations coupled with ecosystem process modeling (using both “top‐down” and “bottom‐up” perspectives) to examine trends in carbon uptake and relate that to the observed changes in Q/P and E. Our results show there have been only minor changes in the satellite‐observed canopy leaf area over 1982–2010, suggesting that eCO2 has not increased vegetation leaf area in tropical rainforests and therefore any plant response to eCO2 occurs at the leaf level. Meanwhile, observed Q/P and E also remained relatively constant in the 18 catchments, implying an unchanged hydrological partitioning and thus approximately conserved transpiration under eCO2. For the same period, using a top‐down model based on gas exchange theory, we predict increases in plant assimilation (A) and light use efficiency (ε) at the leaf level under eCO2, the magnitude of which is essentially that of eCO2 (i.e., ~12% over 1982–2010). Simulations from 10 state‐of‐the‐art bottom‐up ecosystem models over the same catchments also show that the direct effect of eCO2 is to mostly increase A and ε with little impact on E. Our findings add to the current limited pool of knowledge regarding the long‐term eCO2 impacts in tropical rainforests.
Hybrid recursive active filters for duplexing in RF transmitter front‐ends
Authors: Gottardo Giuseppe , Donati Giovanni , Musolff Christian , Fischer Georg , Felgentreff Tilman 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDuplex filters in modern base transceiver stations shape the channel in order to perform common frequency division duplex operations. Usually, they are designed as cavity filters, which are expensive and have large dimensions. Thanks to the emerging digital technology and fast digital converters, it is possible to transfer the efforts of designing analog duplex filters into digital numeric algorithms applied to feedback structures, operating on power. This solution provides the shaping of the signal spectrum directly at the output of the radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) relaxing the transmitter design especially in the duplexer and in the antenna sections. The design of a digital baseband feedback applied to the analog power RF amplifiers (hybrid filter) is presented and verified by measurements. A model to describe the hybrid system is investigated, and the relation between phase and resonance peaks of the resulting periodic band‐pass transfer function is described. The stability condition of the system is analyzed using Nyquist criterion. A solution involving a number of digital feedback and forward branches is investigated defining the parameters of the recursive structure. This solution allows the closed loop system to show a periodic band pass with up to 500 kHz bandwidth at the output of the RF amplifier. The band‐pass magnitude reaches up to 17 dB selectivity. The rejection of the PA noise in the out‐of‐band frequencies is verified by measurements. The filter is tested with a modulated LTE (Long Term Evolution) signal showing an ACPR (Adjacent Channel Power Ratio) enhancement of 10 dB of the transmitted signal.
Pyrenes, Peropyrenes, and Teropyrenes: Synthesis, Structures, and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Yang Wenlong , Monteiro Jorge H. S. K. , de Bettencourt‐Dias Ana , Catalano Vincent J. , Chalifoux Wesley A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe design of a relatively simple and efficient method to extend the π‐conjugation of readily available aromatics in one‐dimension is of significant value. In this paper, pyrenes, peropyrenes, and teropyrenes were synthesized through a double or quadruple benzannulation reaction of alkynes promoted by Brønsted acid. This novel method does not involve cyclodehydrogenation (oxidative aryl–aryl coupling) to arrive at the newly incorporated large arene moieties. All of the target compounds were synthesized in moderate to good yields and were fully characterized with the structures unambiguously confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. As expected, photophysical characterization clearly shows increasing red‐shifts as a function of extended conjugation within the fused ring systems.
Morphologies of electrospun fibers of lignin in poly(ethylene oxide)/N,N‐dimethylformamide
Authors: Aslanzadeh Samira , Ahvazi Behzad , Boluk Yaman , Ayranci Cagri 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe effects of polyethylene oxide (PEO) molecular weight (Mv), and volume fraction (
) on the morphology of electrospun sulfur free softwood lignin nanofibers were investigated. Small amounts of PEO were used during preparations of the solutions to aid the electrospinning process. It was found that tripling the PEO volume fraction resulted in a transition from semi‐dilute un‐entangled to semi‐dilute entangled solutions. Conversely, the solution remained in the semi‐dilute un‐entangled regime as the molecular weight was increased by five times. The effects of molecular weight and volume fraction of PEO both on entanglement density and fiber morphology were unified by scaling PEO viscosities as a function of
. We investigated and discussed conditions that would produce smooth fibers and conditions that would produce fibers with beads. In the case of beads‐on‐a‐string formation, bead widths remained constant regardless of the molecular weight and concentration of PEO, but the bead length changed. Additionally, we observed a decrease in the diameter of the fibers and the dimension of beads (length and width of beads) with an increase in the electric field used for electrospinning. The aspect ratio of beads increased with increases to both the electric field and the PEO molecular weight or concentration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44172.
Constituents from the Roots of Actinidia chinensis and Their Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Xu Yi‐Xin , Xiang Zhao‐Bao , Jin Yong‐Sheng , Xu Wen , Sun Lian‐Na , Chen Wan‐Sheng , Chen Hai‐Sheng 
Published: July 2016

A newly discovered triterpenoid, (2α,3β)‐2,3,23‐trihydroxyurs‐13(18)‐en‐28‐oic acid (1), along with twelve known compounds (2 – 13), were isolated from the roots of Actinidia chinensis Planch (Actinidiaceae). Their chemical structures were determined by 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectra and mass spectrometry (MS). The crude extracts and six main constituents (8 – 13) were tested for cytochrome P450 (CYPs) enzyme inhibitory activity. The results showed that, except for compound 8, compounds 9 – 13 had different inhibitory effects on the cytochrome P450 (CYPs) enzyme, and compound 9 significantly inhibited the catalytic activities of CYP3A4 to < 10% of its control activities.
Unraveling the Mechanism and Regioselectivity of the B12‐Dependent Reductive Dehalogenase PceA
Authors: Liao Rong‐Zhen , Chen Shi‐Lu , Siegbahn Per E. M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPceA is a cobalamin‐dependent reductive dehalogenase that catalyzes the dechlorination of perchloroethylene to trichloroethylene and then to cis‐dichloroethylene as the sole final product. The reaction mechanism and the regioselectivity of this enzyme are investigated by using density functional calculations. Four different substrates, namely, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, cis‐dichloroethylene, and chlorotheylene, have been considered and were found to follow the same reaction mechanism pattern. The reaction starts with the reduction of CoII to CoI through a proton‐coupled electron transfer process, with the proton delivered to a Tyr246 anion. This is followed by concerted C−Cl bond heterolytic cleavage and proton transfer from Tyr246 to the substrate carbon atom, generating a CoIII−Cl intermediate. Subsequently, a one‐electron transfer leads to the formation of the CoII−Cl product, from which the chloride and the dehalogenated product can be released from the active site. The substrate reactivity follows the trend perchloroethylene>trichloroethylene≫cis‐dichloroethylene≫chlorotheylene. The barriers for the latter two substrates are significantly higher compared with those for perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene, implying that PceA does not catalyze their degradation. In addition, the formation of cis‐dichloroethylene has a lower barrier by 3.8 kcal mol−1 than the formation of trans‐dichloroethylene and 1,1‐dichloroethylene, reproducing the regioselectivity. These results agree quite well with the experimental findings, which show cis‐dichloroethylene as the sole product in the PceA‐catalyzed dechlorination of perchloethylene and trichloroethylene.
Heterostructures through Divergent Edge Reconstruction in Nitrogen‐Doped Segmented Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Marangoni Tomas , Haberer Danny , Rizzo Daniel J. , Cloke Ryan R. , Fischer Felix R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAtomically precise engineering of defined segments within individual graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) represents a key enabling technology for the development of advanced functional device architectures. Here, the bottom‐up synthesis of chevron GNRs decorated with reactive functional groups derived from 9‐methyl‐9H‐carbazole is reported. Scanning tunneling and non‐contact atomic force microscopy reveal that a thermal activation of GNRs induces the rearrangement of the electron‐rich carbazole into an electron‐deficient phenanthridine. The selective chemical edge‐reconstruction of carbazole‐substituted chevron GNRs represents a practical strategy for the controlled fabrication of spatially defined GNR heterostructures from a single molecular precursor.
Estimating the harms and benefits of prostate cancer screening as used in common practice versus recommended good practice: A microsimulation screening analysis
Authors: Carlsson Sigrid V. , de Carvalho Tiago M. , Roobol Monique J. , Hugosson Jonas , Auvinen Anssi , Kwiatkowski Maciej , Villers Arnauld , Zappa Marco , Nelen Vera , Páez Alvaro , Eastham James A. , Lilja Hans , de Koning Harry J. , Vickers Andrew J. , Heijnsdijk Eveline A. M. 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDProstate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening and concomitant treatment can be implemented in several ways. The authors investigated how the net benefit of PSA screening varies between common practice versus “good practice.”METHODSMicrosimulation screening analysis (MISCAN) was used to evaluate the effect on quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) if 4 recommendations were followed: limited screening in older men, selective biopsy in men with elevated PSA, active surveillance for low‐risk tumors, and treatment preferentially delivered at high‐volume centers. Outcomes were compared with a base model in which annual screening started at ages 55 to 69 years and were simulated using data from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer.RESULTSIn terms of QALYs gained compared with no screening, for 1000 screened men who were followed over their lifetime, recommended good practice led to 73 life‐years (LYs) and 74 QALYs gained compared with 73 LYs and 56 QALYs for the base model. In contrast, common practice led to 78 LYs gained but only 19 QALYs gained, for a greater than 75% relative reduction in QALYs gained from unadjusted LYs gained. The poor outcomes for common practice were influenced predominantly by the use of aggressive treatment for men with low‐risk disease, and PSA testing in older men also strongly reduced potential QALY gains.CONCLUSIONSCommonly used PSA screening and treatment practices are associated with little net benefit. Following a few straightforward clinical recommendations, particularly greater use of active surveillance for low‐risk disease and reducing screening in older men, would lead to an almost 4‐fold increase in the net benefit of prostate cancer screening. Cancer 2016;122:3386–3393. © 2016 American Cancer Society.