bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tip-apex distance in the X-Bolt dynamic plating system
Authors: Fernandez M. A. , Aquilina A. , Achten J. , Parsons N. , Costa M. L. , Griffin X. L. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives The Sliding Hip Screw (SHS) is commonly used to treat trochanteric hip fractures. Fixation failure is a devastating complication requiring complex revision surgery. One mode of fixation failure is lag screw cut-out which is greatest in unstable fracture patterns and when the tip-apex distance of the lag screw is > 25 mm. The X-Bolt Dynamic Hip Plating System (X-Bolt Orthopaedics, Dublin, Ireland) is a new device which aims to reduce this risk of cut-out. However, some surgeons have reported difficulty minimising the tip-apex distance with subsequent concerns that this may lead to an increased risk of cut-out. Patients and Methods We measured the tip-apex distance from the intra-operative radiographs of 93 unstable trochanteric hip fractures enrolled in a randomised controlled trial (Warwick Hip Trauma Evaluation, WHiTE One trial). Participants were treated with either the sliding hip screw or the X-Bolt dynamic hip plating system. We also recorded the incidence of cut-out in both groups, at a median follow-up time of 17 months. Results There was a significantly increased tip-apex distance with the use of the X-Bolt (mean difference 3.7mm (95% confidence interval 1.58 to 5.73); SHS mean 17.1 mm, X-Bolt mean 20.8; p = 0.001. However, this was not associated with an increased incidence of cut-out at a median follow-up time of 17 months, with three cut-outs (6%) in the SHS group and 0 (0%) in the X-Bolt group. Conclusion The X-Bolt is a safe implant with no increased risk for cut-out. Concerns about minimising the tip-apex distance may be justified but do not appear to be clinically important. Cite this article: M. A. Fernandez, A. Aquilina, J. Achten, N. Parsons, M. L. Costa, X. L. Griffin. The tip-apex distance in the X-Bolt dynamic plating system. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:–207. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.64.BJR-2015-0016.R2.
The role of miR-320a and IL-1β in human chondrocyte degradation
Authors: Jin Y. , Chen X. , Gao Z. Y. , Liu K. , Hou Y. , Zheng J. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives This study aimed to explore the role of miR-320a in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Human cartilage cells (C28/I2) were transfected with miR-320a or antisense oligonucleotides (ASO)-miR-320a, and treated with IL-1β. Subsequently the expression of collagen type II alpha 1 (Col2α1) and aggrecan (ACAN), and the concentrations of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13), were assessed. Luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, and Western blot were performed to explore whether pre-B-cell leukemia Homeobox 3 (PBX3) was a target of miR-320a. Furthermore, cells were co-transfected with miR-320a and PBX3 expressing vector, or cells were transfected with miR-320a and treated with a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) antagonist MG132. The changes in Col2α1 and ACAN expression, and in sGAG and MMP-13 concentrations, were measured again. Statistical comparisons were made between two groups by using the two-tailed paired t-test. Results Expression of miR-320a was elevated in OA cartilage tissues and chondrocytes, and in IL-1β-stimulated C28/I2 cells (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). MiR-320a overexpression enhanced IL-1β-induced down-regulation of Col2α1 and ACAN and sGAG, and increased the IL-1β-induced overexpression of MMP-13 (p < 0.01). PBX3 was a direct target of miR-320a. PBX3 and MG132 co-transfection attenuated the effects of miR-320a on the expression of Col2α1, ACAN, sGAG and MMP-13(p < 0.01). Conclusion Overexpression of miR-320a might enhance IL-1β-induced cartilage degradation factors. These effects might be via targeting PBX3 and regulating NF-κB. Cite this article: Y. Jin, X. Chen, Z. Y. Gao, K. Liu, Y. Hou, J. Zheng. The role of miR-320a and IL-1β in human chondrocyte degradation. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:–203. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.64.BJR-2016-0224.R1.
Notes on design education and (prefigurative) work politics
Authors: Alps Brave New 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this text we are reporting back on the practice-based research project Precarity Pilot. The starting point for this research is the fact that in today’s Europe, design graduates are entering into a landscape of precarious work. This research-in-progress thus enquires into how formal and informal design education can be a space where to empower young designers to transformatively engage with the precarious work politics of their profession. As a mid-way result, here we present a series of didactic proposals and strategic questions for how issues of socio-economic precariousness can be transformatively addressed. This result is based on a series of half-day workshops we have been running between 2014 and 2016 with design students, recent graduates and design educators in the United Kingdom, Germany, Poland and Italy. We address these proposals to educators, managers and students alike as we are convinced that everyone involved in education has agency over how the learning process unfolds.
Design, and design education: How can they get together?
Authors: Frascara Jorge 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Designers work with people and for people, and the designers’ main objective is to transform people’s existing situations into better ones. This is not easy: it requires both disciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge, and a will to do things well. Focusing on people makes the social sciences become a necessary support for design, and forces design to become an accountable profession, where decisions are based on reliable criteria, and where projects respond to important needs of society. In most design programmes today a simplistic conception of creativity keeps design as an easy and self-serving activity, where students are kept busy with formal/visual and technological concerns. Unfortunately studies of people are normally missing from design education, along with language and evaluation of performance. If design is to develop its full potential as a major contributor to society’s well-being, design education has to change into a rigorous, interdisciplinary and socially responsible activity.
Timelines in design: Where linguistics meets design history
Authors: Perks Sue , Whittingham Nicola 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This article describes the design of Timelines, a ten-week, two-hour course to introduce international postgraduate students to the stylistic and cultural influences that enrich western graphic design in a relaxed, supportive environment. The course is the result of a collaboration between a linguist and a graphic design lecturer, and was designed to promote confidence and dialogue through a series of language-based activities addressing issues of internationalism by presenting a broad approach to western design history with an emphasis on intercultural knowledge. Students who may not speak English as a first language can experience very different design cultures to those that they are used to as they begin their postgraduate education at University for the Creative Arts. The aim of Timelines is to equip students with a learning and cultural toolkit to help them to navigate through the first semester of their postgraduate course and help them understand and contextualize the references they will encounter. Students also improve English language skills and critical knowledge so they are able to take an active part in dialogue and discussions. By the end of the ten-week course, students should also be able to formulate their own design discourses with confidence.
Conditional anomaly detection in event streams
Authors: Huber Marco F. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Detecting early enough the anomalous behavior of technical systems facilitates cost savings thanks to avoiding system
downtimes, guiding maintenance, or improving performance. The novel framework proposed in this paper processes event
streams originating from system monitoring for anomaly detection purposes. Therefore, statistical models characterizing
the normal behavior of the monitored system are learned from the events. Instead of having one coarse normal model for all
operational states, the proposed framework contains a mechanism for automatically detecting different conditions of the
system allowing for fine-tuned models for every condition. The performance of the framework is demonstrated by means of
a real-world application, where the log files of a large-scale printing machine are analyzed for anomalies.
Vision based recognition and tracking of green asparagus in ambient light
Authors: Ivanova Jelena , Kampe Henning , Liu Xiangpeng , Gräser Axel 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this publication, we describe an automatic vision based system for the reliable detection and recognition of green
asparagus in variable daylight conditions. The focus is on an algorithm for the estimation and tracking of the 3D-position
of green asparagus based on using of Kalman and Particle filters and a combination of both filters.
Maximum Sensitivity Based New PID Controller Tuning for Integrating Systems Using Polynomial Method
Authors: Medarametla Praveen Kumar , Komanapalli Venkata Lakshmi Narayana 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This paper presents a new control methodology for a class of integrating systems. A PID controller augmented with a first order lead/lag filter is proposed for improved response. The polynomial approach is employed to derive the controller parameters. The novelty of the proposed method lies in the selection of pole locations. Multiple pole locations are considered where one of the poles is placed for cancelling the zero introduced by controller. The selection of tuning parameter is based on maximum sensitivity (MS). Set point weighting is employed to reduce the overshoot and settling time in the servo response. Various bench marking examples are adopted to evaluate the proposed method in terms of various performance indices. The results are superior to the recently proposed works in terms of both set point tracking and disturbance rejection.
Multiplicity formulas for representations of transformation groupoids
Authors: Giżycki Artur , Pysiak Leszek 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We study the representations of transitive transformation groupoids with the aim of generalizing the Mackey theory. Using the Mackey theory and a bijective correspondence between the imprimitivity systems and the representations of a transformation groupoid we derive the irreducibility theory. Then we derive the direct sum decomposition for representations of a groupoid together with the formula for the multiplicity of subrepresentations. We discuss a physical interpretation of this formula. Finally, we prove the claim analogous to the Peter-Weyl theorem for a noncompact transformation groupoid. We show that the representation theory of a transitive transformation groupoids is closely related to the representation theory of a compact groups.
Effects of Mn and Al on the Intragranular Acicular Ferrite Formation in Rare Earth Treated C–Mn Steel
Authors: Song Mingming , Song Bo , Yang Zhanbing , Zhang Shenghua , Hu Chunlin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe influence of Al, Mn and rare earth (RE) on microstructure of C–Mn steel was investigated. The capacities of different RE inclusions to induce intragranular acicular ferrite (AF) formation were compared. Result shows that RE treatment could make C–Mn steel from large amounts of intragranular AF. Al killed is detrimental to the formation of intragranular AF in RE-treated C–Mn steel. An upper bainite structure would replace the AF when Al content increased to 0.027 mass %. The optimal Mn content to form AF is about 0.75–1.31 mass %. The effective RE inclusion which could induce AF nucleation is La2O2S. When patches of MnS are attached on the surface of La2O2S inclusion, AF nucleation capacity of RE-containing inclusion could enlarge obviously. The existence of manganese-depleted zone and low lattice misfit would be the main reason of La-containing inclusion inducing AF nucleation in C–Mn steel.
Rebellion, Sargon II’s “Punishment” and the Death of Aššur-nādin-šumi in the Inscriptions of Sennacherib
Authors: Dewar Ben 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDespite the frequency of rebellions against the Neo-Assyrian king Sennacherib, very few events in his annals are described as such. Instead rebels are often described as having never submitted to Sennacherib before. This reluctance to write about rebellion is unusual in Assyrian inscriptions, but has not been commented upon in the previous scholarship. This study investigates the reasons for this peculiarity of Sennacherib’s inscriptions. It is argued that the description of rebels in this fashion was intended to draw attention away from the connection between these events and the death of Sennacherib’s father, Sargon II. A second instance of a death in Sennacherib’s family affecting the content of his inscriptions is also identified. His son Aššur-nādin-šumi’s death followed a pair of campaigns to the borders of Tabal, the location of Sargon’s death. Because of this it was viewed as a “punishment” for undertaking these campaigns to regions tainted by association with Sargon. After his death, Aššur-nādin-šumi is never mentioned in the same inscription as these campaigns. Although Sennacherib generally avoids mentioning rebellion, overcoming such events was an important facet of Assyrian royal ideology. Because of this, events in some ideologically or historically significant regions are explicitly stated to be rebellions in the annals. Sennacherib’s inscriptions therefore demonstrate, perhaps better than those of any other Assyrian king, the two sides of rebellion’s ideological importance as both an obstacle overcome by a heroic king, and as a punishment for a poor one. His attempts to obscure some occurrences of rebellion demonstrate a fear of the more negative ideological aspect of rebellion which is not usually present in the inscriptions of other kings. This provides new insight into the factors which influenced the composition of Sennacherib’s inscriptions.
Treatment of high salinity wastewater using CWPO process for reuse
Authors: Zhuo Yakun , Sheng Mei , Liang Xueke , Cao Guomin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA high salinity wastewater from epoxy resin was treated with the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) process, so that it can be reused as the chlor-alkali process feedstock. Both bench and pilot scale trials were conducted out in this research. The effect of oxidant (hydrogen peroxide) and catalyst (ferrous sulfate) dosages, and their dosing methods, pH value, temperature, and reaction time on TOC removal by the CWPO process were evaluated through bench experiment. The obtained optimal reaction conditions for the CWPO process were as following: H
Log Posterior Approach in Learning Rules Generated using N-Gram based Edit distance for Keyword Search
Authors: Priya M. , Kalpana R. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Challenging searching mechanisms are required to cater to the needs of search engine users in probing the voluminous web database. Searching the query matching keyword based on a probabilistic approach is attractive in most of the application areas, viz. spell checking and data cleaning, because it allows approximate search. A probabilistic approach with maximum likelihood estimation is used to handle real-world problems; however, it suffers from overfitting data. In this paper, a rule-based approach is presented for keyword searching. The process consists of two phases called the rule generation phase and the learning phase. The rule generation phase uses a new technique called N-Gram based Edit distance (NGE) to generate the rule dictionary. The Turing machine model is implemented to describe the rule generation using the NGE technique. In the learning phase, a log model with maximum-a-posterior estimation is used to select the best rule. When evaluated in real time, our system produces the best result in terms of efficiency and accuracy.
Ongoing transmission of HCV: Should cesarean section be justified? Data mining discovery
Authors: Elrazek Abd , Saab Samy , Foad Mahmoud , Elgohary Elsayed A. , Sallam Mohammad M. , Nawara Abdallah , Ismael Ali , Morsi Samar S. , Salah Altaher , Alboraie Mohamed , Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth , Zayed Marwa , Elmasry Hossam , Salem Tamer Z. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Over the past few decades, cesarean section (CS) rates are steadily increasing in most of the middle- and high-income countries. However, most of the pregnant women (particularly undergoing CS) are not screened for hepatitis C virus (HCV); hence, neonates born to HCV-positive mother could be a source of future HCV infection. In this study, the role of the CS and other surgical interventions in HCV transmission in Egypt, the highest endemic country of HCV-4, was investigated.

Methods
From January to June 2016, a prospective cohort study was conducted among 3,836 pregnant women in both urban and rural areas across Egypt for HCV screening in both mothers and neonates born to HCV-positive mother. All pregnant women were screened during third trimester or just before delivery, neonates born to HCV-positive mothers were evaluated within 24-h postdelivery to record vertical transmission cases. Data mining (DM)-driven computational analysis was used to quantify the findings.

Results
Among 3,836 randomized pregnant women, HCV genotype 4 was identified in 80 women (2.08%). Out of 80 HCV-infected women, 18 have experienced surgical intervention (22.5%) and 62 CS (77.5%). HCV vertical transmission was identified in 10 neonates, 10/80 (12.5%).

Conclusion
Screening women who had experienced surgical intervention or CS during child bearing period and before pregnancy might prevent HCV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). CS should be ethically justified to decrease global HCV transmission.
A single-step multiplex quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assay for hepatitis C virus genotypes
Authors: Singh Akanksha , Mankotia Dhananjay Singh , Irshad Mohammad 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The variable response of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes towards anti-viral treatment requires prior information on the genotype status before planning a therapeutic strategy. Although assays for typing or subtyping of HCV are available, however, a fast and reliable assay system is still needed. The present study was planned to develop a single-step multiplex quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay to determine HCV genotypes in patients’ sera.

Methods
The conserved sequences from 5′ UTR, core and NS5b regions of HCV genome were used to design primers and hydrolysis probes labeled with fluorophores. Starting with the standardization of singleplex (qPCR) for each individual HCV-genotype, the experimental conditions were finally optimized for the development of multiplex assay. The sensitivity and specificity were assessed both for singleplex and multiplex assays. Using the template concentration of 102 copies per microliter, the value of quantification cycle (Cq) and the limit of detection (LOD) were also compared for both singleplex and multiplex assays. Similarly, the merit of multiplex assay was also compared with sequence analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques used for HCV genotyping. In order to find the application of multiplex qPCR assay, it was used for genotyping in a panel of 98 sera positive for HCV RNA after screening a total number of 239 patients with various liver diseases.

Results
The results demonstrated the presence of genotype 1 in 26 of 98 (26.53%) sera, genotype 3 in 65 (66.32%) and genotype 4 in 2 (2.04%) sera samples, respectively. One sample showed mixed infection of genotype 1 and 3. Five samples could not show the presence of any genotype. Genotypes 2, 5 and 6 could not be detected in these sera samples. The analysis of sera by singleplex and RFLP indicated the results of multiplex to be comparable with singleplex and with clear merit of multiplex over RFLP. In addition, the results of multiplex assay were also found to be comparable with those from sequence analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, Cq values and LOD values were compared and found to be closely associated both for singleplex and multiplex assays.

Conclusion
The multiplex qPCR assay was found to be a fast, specific and sensitive method that can be used as a technique of choice for HCV genotyping in all routine laboratories.
Engineered plasmonic Thue-Morse nanostructures for LSPR detection of the pesticide Thiram
Authors: Rippa Massimo , Castagna Riccardo , Pannico Marianna , Musto Pellegrino , Tkachenko Volodymyr , Zhou Jun , Petti Lucia 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this paper, the size- and shape-dependent spectral characteristics of plasmonic nanostructures based on the Thue-Morse (ThMo) sequence are investigated in theory and experiment. We designed, fabricated, and characterized nine different Au nanopillars (NPs) lattices to evaluate their use as nanosensors based on localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR). The extinction spectra and the bulk refractive index sensitivity (m) are compared to three selected shapes of the NPs (square, circular, and triangular) with different minimum interparticle distance. The maximum m of 275 nm/RIU is obtained for a ThMo pattern with square NPs. Finally, a detection limit of 260 pM (62 pg/ml) of Thiram pesticide has been achieved using an LSPR nanosensor based on an optimized ThMo pattern with triangular NPs employing a phase-sensitive setup to increase the figure-of-merit (FOM) of the sensor.
Analytic Theology as Systematic Theology
Authors: Crisp Oliver D. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
It is often said that analytic theology is not really systematic theology; it is something else entirely. However, specifying what this “something else” amounts to has proven a little more difficult. In this article I argue that analytic theology may be a species of systematic theology. I show that there is no agreed view on the nature of systematic theology amongst several leading practitioners of systematic theology by comparing the work of John Webster, Brian Gerrish, and Gordon Kaufman. I then set out the Shared Task of Systematic Theology (Shared Task), which is a conceptual threshold for systematic theology that reflects the thought of Webster, Gerrish, and Kaufman. With this in mind, I argue that analytic theology can meet this threshold, and count as a version of systematic theology.
Thought Experiments in Philosophy of Religion: The Virtues of Phenomenological Realism and Values
Authors: Taliaferro Charles , Knuths Elliot 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We present a criterion for the use of thought experiments as a guide to possibilia that bear on important arguments in philosophy of religion. We propose that the more successful thought experiments are closer to the world in terms of phenomenological realism and the values they are intended to track. This proposal is filled out by comparing thought experiments of life after death by Peter van Inwagen and Dean Zimmerman with an idealist thought experiment. In terms of realism and values we contrast an exemplary thought experiment by Iris Murdoch with one we find problematic by William Irwin.