bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteopontin Promotes Cholangiocyte Secretion of Chemokines to Support Macrophage Recruitment and Fibrosis in MASH
Authors: Coombes Jason D. , Manka Paul P. , Swiderska‐Syn Marzena , Vannan Danielle T. , Riva Antonio , Claridge Lee C. , Moylan Cynthia , Suzuki Ayako , Briones‐Orta Marco A. , Younis Rasha , Kitamura Naoto , Sydor Svenja , Bittencourt Shanna , Mi Zhiyong , Kuo Paul C. , Diehl Anna Mae , van Grunsven Leo A. , Chokshi Shilpa , Canbay Ali , Abdelmalek Manal F. , Aspichueta Patricia , Papa Salvatore , Eksteen Bertus , Syn Wing‐Kin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsOsteopontin (OPN) promotes the ductular reaction and is a major driver of chronic liver disease (CLD) progression. Although CLD is characterised by the accumulation of inflammatory cells including macrophages around the peri‐portal regions, the influence of OPN on recruitment is unclear. We investigated the role of OPN in cholangiocyte chemokine production and macrophage recruitment by combining in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches.MethodsThe effects of OPN on cholangiocyte chemokine production and macrophage migration were assessed in culture, alongside RNA‐sequencing to identify genes and pathways affected by OPN depletion. Murine liver injury models were used to assess liver chemokine expression and liver macrophage/monocyte recruitment. OPN and chemokine expression were analysed in liver tissue and plasma from biopsy‐proven metabolic dysfunction‐associated alcoholic steatohepatitis (MASH) patients.ResultsOPN‐knockdown in cholangiocytes reduced chemokine secretion. RNA‐sequencing showed OPN‐related effects clustered around immunity, chemotaxis and chemokine production. Macrophage exposure to cholangiocyte‐conditioned media showed OPN‐supported migration via chemokines chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand (CCL)2, CCL5 and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand (CXCL)1. These effects were related to NF‐κB signalling. Murine liver fibrosis was accompanied by upregulated liver OPN, CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL1 mRNA, and accumulation of liver cluster of differentiation (CD)11b/F4/80+CC chemokine receptors (CCR2)high macrophages but treatment with OPN‐specific neutralising aptamers reduced fibrosis, chemokine mRNAs and accumulation of liver CD11b/F4/80+CCR2high/lymphocyte antigen 6 complexhigh inflammatory monocytes. In human MASH, liver OPN correlated with chemokines CCL2 and IL8 in association with portal injury and fibrosis. Plasma OPN, serum CCL2 and IL8 also increased with fibrosis stage.ConclusionsOPN promotes cholangiocyte chemokine secretion and the accumulation of pro‐inflammatory monocytes. These data support neutralisation of OPN as an anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrotic strategy.
Catechol acetylglucose: a newly identified benzoxazinoid‐regulated defensive metabolite in maize
Authors: Richter Annett , Schroeder Allen F. , Marcon Caroline , Hochholdinger Frank , Jander Georg , Negin Boaz 
Published: October 2024

Summary
An enormous diversity of specialized metabolites is produced in the plant kingdom, with each individual plant synthesizing thousands of these compounds. Previous research showed that benzoxazinoids, the most abundant class of specialized metabolites in maize, also function as signaling molecules by regulating the production callose as a defense response.
We searched for additional benzoxazinoid‐regulated specialized metabolites, characterized them, examined whether they too function in herbivore protection, and determined how Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), a prominent maize pest, copes with these metabolites.
We identified catechol acetylglucose (CAG) as a benzoxazinoid‐regulated metabolite that is produced from salicylic acid via catechol and catechol glucoside. Genome‐wide association studies of CAG abundance identified a gene encoding a predicted acetyltransferase. Knockout of this gene resulted in maize plants that lack CAG and over‐accumulate catechol glucoside. Upon tissue disruption, maize plants accumulate catechol, which inhibits S. frugiperda growth. Analysis of caterpillar frass showed that S. frugiperda detoxifies catechol by glycosylation, and the efficiency of catechol glycosylation was correlated with S. frugiperda growth on a catechol‐containing diet.
Thus, the success of S. frugiperda as an agricultural pest may depend partly on its ability to detoxify catechol, which is produced as a defensive metabolite by maize.
Advances in laryngopharyngeal reflux: Etiology, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Samuels Tina L. , Aoun Jennifer , Husain Inna , Figueredo Edgar , Richards David , Johnston Nikki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLaryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) manifests as a variety of nonspecific upper aerodigestive tract symptoms. Rather than a single disorder, LPR may be conceived of as a spectrum of subtypes with varying clinical presentations. LPR signs and symptoms arise from the direct and/or indirect effects of refluxate, physical and molecular injury of the mucosa, and neurologic responses to esophageal events. Specific constituents of refluxate exert distinct mucosal responses and immediate or delayed effects resulting in transient or persistent symptoms and/or laryngeal hypersensitivity. While the complex etiology of LPR presents challenges to its diagnosis and management, tools that aid the identification of LPR subtypes can provide insight into treatment decision‐making. Hypopharyngeal‐esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH monitoring provides detailed analysis of reflux events, enabling the development of individualized treatment plans, yet cost and availability limit its widespread use. Alginates offer temporary symptom relief and antireflux surgery may provide benefit when symptoms are recalcitrant to other approaches. Pepsin inhibitors hold promise as a medical therapy when surgery is not an option. Laryngeal hypersensitivity should be considered as part of a comprehensive therapeutic approach. Promising medical and scientific research continues to yield new insights into the complex etiology of LPR and novel strategies for its diagnosis and management.
Effectiveness of Activity Supported Earthquake Awareness Education Program in Primary School Children: “I Know What I Need to Do, I'm Not Falling Even If We Shake” Project
Authors: Kurt Aylin , Doruk Emre , Atsever Sultan , Ate Şeyda 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study was to enhance the knowledge base of primary school children regarding earthquake preparedness through the implementation of an activity‐based earthquake awareness education program.MethodsThe study was conducted as pre–posttest semi‐experimental design with one group of 333 children in a primary school between January and May 2024. A Descriptive Information Form and Earthquake Awareness Knowledge Level Form were the data collection tools. The children were provided with a 6‐week (modules) education program. Measurements were made before and after the education.ResultsThe mean age of the children was 7.16 ± 0.73 years (6–9), 56.8% were girls, 43.2% were boys, and 25.8% were second‐grade children. Earthquake Awareness Knowledge Level Form total score was higher after the education (18.31 ± 1.52) than before (15.51 ± 3.73) (t = −16.144, p < 0.001). The study revealed an increase in children's knowledge regarding appropriate behaviors in the context of earthquakes, encompassing actions to be taken before, during, and after such events.ConclusionModular education and applied activities are effective in increasing children's knowledge levels in the context of teaching a concept such as earthquake preparedness, where the acquisition of life‐based skills is of paramount importance.
Warmer Temperatures Are More Predictive Than Solar Radiation for the Number of Skin Cancer Removal Procedures
Authors: Woodie Brad R. , Fleischer Alan B. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSolar radiation is the primary risk factor for skin cancer, with personal exposure influenced by environmental and behavioral factors. At higher temperatures, behavioral changes increase solar radiation exposure.ObjectivesExamine the relationships between solar radiation, ambient temperature, age, and skin cancer.MethodsFor the contiguous United States, we obtained the state mean global horizontal irradiance (GHI), daily maximum temperature, and number of skin cancer removals in the Medicare population. For skin cancer removals, we defined more sun‐exposed skin as the head, neck, hands, and feet, and less sun‐exposed skin as the trunk, arms, and legs.ResultsBy comparing the temperature thresholds 17°C, 20°C, 24°C, 27°C, 31°C, and 34°C, we found that the annual number of days above 24°C was the strongest temperature‐related predictor of skin cancer removals. Multivariable linear regression showed that the number of days above 24°C predicted more skin cancer removals for all body locations and less sun‐exposed skin (p = 0.008 and p = 0.003, respectively), while GHI did not (p = 0.1 and p = 0.8, respectively). GHI only predicted more skin cancer removals for more sun‐exposed skin (p = 0.02).ConclusionMore days above 24°C was a better predictor of skin cancer removals than GHI for all skin locations and less sun‐exposed skin, suggesting that the behavioral changes occurring at warmer temperatures are more predictive of skin cancer removals than solar irradiance. Due to rising global temperatures, skin cancer incidence may further increase. Temperature‐related behavioral changes represent a potential target for skin cancer prevention efforts.
Clientelism and digitalisation of Roma parties' electoral campaigns: a case study
Authors: Buta Oana , Farcas Raluca 
Published: October 2024

AbstractContrary to recent developments within party politics, Roma political parties in Romania fail to incorporate digital technology into their activities, although they face a continuously decreasing level of support from their voters. To explain this phenomenon, this article argues that elections governed by non‐programmatic strategies create not only different incentives towards digitalization, but also pose more challenges for certain ethnic parties, which also face internal shortcomings. It looks at the 2020 local elections in Romania and focuses on the two largest Roma political parties. The qualitative analysis, based on interviews with county Roma party leaders, confirms that the lack of digitalization is influenced by local clientelism, which affects the Roma electorate because of their socioeconomic situation. Besides, internal shortcomings further constrain such an option.
Plio‐Pleistocene decline of mesic forest underpins diversification in a clade of Australian Panesthia cockroaches
Authors: Adams Maxim W. D. , Walker James A. , Rose Harley A. , Jones Braxton R. , Zwick Andreas , Yang Huiming , Nicholls James , Hartley Diana , Bent Stephen , Carlile Nicholas , Hutton Ian , Ho Simon Y. W. , Lo Nathan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe progressive aridification of the Australian continent, and coincident decline of mesic forest, has been a powerful driver of allopatric and environmental speciation in native species. The relictual mesic forests of the eastern seaboard now harbour a diverse group of endemic fauna, including the wood‐feeding cockroaches of the genus Panesthia, which reached the continent via two separate invasions from Melanesia. The more recent of these colonization events gave rise to a group of five recognized species, occurring in mainland woodlands, sclerophylls and rainforests, as well as the forests and grasslands of the Lord Howe Island Group. Due to limited sampling in molecular studies and doubt regarding the standing taxonomy, there is little certainty about relationships among the species and poor understanding of the effects of ancient climatic change upon their evolution. We undertook a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the clade, using complete mitogenomes and nuclear ribosomal markers from nearly all known morphospecies and populations. Our time‐calibrated phylogenetic analyses reveal an additional six unrecognized, highly divergent lineages and suggest that these have arisen primarily through vicariance as rainforests fragmented during Plio‐Pleistocene glacial cycles (2–5 million years ago). Ancestral niche estimations also evidence a tropical rainforest origin for the group, followed by at least three niche transitions into drier forest, including one associated with the singular colonization of the Lord Howe Island Group. Finally, we find evidence of frequent, parallel wing reduction, in potential association with the contraction of forest habitats into small refugia. Our results reiterate the far‐reaching role of ancient aridification in driving speciation, niche expansion and morphological evolution in Australian fauna.
A Multi‐Objective Optimization Method for Shelter Site Selection Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Zhang Di , Meng Huan , Wang Moyang , Xu Xianrui , Yan Jianhai , Li Xiang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTUrban emergency shelters are a special type of public service facility, and their planning and construction are directly related to the safety of urban residents' lives and property, as well as to the sustainable development of the city. Existing research on the site selection of shelters is not ideal when dealing with large‐scale scenarios and fails to accurately reflect the actual situation. To address this issue, this study proposes an emergency shelter site selection model based on deep reinforcement learning, IAM‐PPO. This model constructs the site selection problem as a Markov Decision Process and uses deep learning to extract information from the site selection scenario. It finds the final solution for shelter locations through continuous exploration and learning. To improve the training efficiency of the model, the action masking process is innovatively applied to the model. The research results and ablation experiments using Shanghai as a case study prove that, owing to the diversity of shelter service ranges and action masking mechanism, the model proposed in this study can provide efficient and accurate shelter location services. Moreover, the customizability of this model provides meaningful reference value for other public facility location problems.
Reflections on My Research in Heat and Energy
Authors: Chen Gang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article reflects on the author's research career, which has focused on heat and energy. It details the challenges faced by the author and his research group, highlights their successes and failures, and explores some intriguing unresolved questions in the fields of heat transfer and energy. The author's career has been significantly shaped by his mentors, students, associates, collaborators, and the opportunities to tackle problems at the intersection of heat transfer, materials science, and physics. Additionally, the article discusses the research philosophy imparted by his Ph.D. advisor, Chang-Lin Tien, and the influence of the research culture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It also offers career advice for students, as well as early- and midcareer researchers.
Symbolic Interactionism and the Metamorphosis of Sports Brands: Indian Premier League’s Journey From Niche to Mass Cool
Authors: Tiwari Amit Anand , Murthy Venkatesha 
Published: October 2024

This study delves into the evolution of the Indian Premier League, the world’s second-largest sports league, charting its transition from a niche to a mass cool brand. Through the lens of symbolic interactionism, it scrutinizes 13 years of the Indian Premier League’s promotional videos with 18 in-depth interviews of cultural intermediaries. The research spotlights the nuanced process of brand coolness within the Indian Premier League, demonstrating how the league’s brand identity undergoes a deliberate reconstruction, blending both traditional and modern sociocultural elements. A pivotal “boost cool” phase is identified, signaling a strategic shift to expand the brand’s appeal to a wider audience. This research contributes significantly to brand coolness literature by conceptualizing a brand coolness life cycle, charting a path from uncool, through niche and boost cool, to mass cool, and eventually to uncool or reinvention, highlighting “boost cool” as a critical transitional stage.
Draft genome sequence of
Mycolicibacterium conceptionense
isolated from the sputum sample of a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Chauhan Varsha , Singh Anupriya , Arora Rohan , Shrivastava Kamal , Kathait Swati , Kumar Sanjay , Bhatnagar Anuj K. , Varma-Basil Mandira 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome of
Mycolicibacterium conceptionense
, a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium, isolated from the sputum sample of a patient undergoing treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Delhi, India. The 6,366,717-bp genome contains 6,124 coding sequences, one 5S rRNA, three 16S rRNAs, six 23S rRNAs, and 49 tRNAs.
Provenance and tectonic evolution of the forearc basin along the northwestern Central Qilian belt, northeastern Tibet
Authors: Hao Jiangbo , Zhang Shuai , Wang Chao , Wu Hanning , Meert Joseph G. , Li Hang , Yu Zunpu , Sun Xiaokui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The age and properties of detrital zircon grains in a forearc basin provide crucial information on the history of convergent plate margins. These data can be used to constrain provenance dispersal patterns, establish source-to-sink relationships, and reveal the tectonic framework and subduction history. The Qilian orogen in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau records the tectonic history of the Proto-Tethys Ocean from its initial spreading and subduction to final closure. However, the timing of subduction initiation and the subduction polarity of the Proto-Tethys Ocean remain controversial. The Qilian orogen includes the North Qilian, Central Qilian, and South Qilian belts. A succession of sedimentary rocks along the northwestern margin of the Central Qilian belt, previously considered to be Precambrian in age, has been redefined based on detailed field investigation and geochronology. U-Pb analysis of detrital zircon grains from metasedimentary rocks of the Gongcha Group of the northwestern Central Qilian belt yielded Paleozoic ages between 530 and 470 Ma, with prominent Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic ages between 1800 and 1000 Ma. In contrast, the overlying Duoruonuoer Group yielded predominantly early Paleozoic ages between 465 and 434 Ma, with a few older age populations. This change in source is reflected in a substantial increase in volcanic detritus within the Duoruonuoer Group as compared to the Gongcha Group. The detrital zircon age spectra and lithologic characteristics indicate the Gongcha and Duoruonuoer Groups constitute the lower and upper volcanic-sedimentary strata in the forearc basin. Based on resemblances of statistical ages and εHf(t) values of zircon, we interpret that the early Paleozoic intrusive and volcanic units and Precambrian basement rocks of the Central Qilian belt were the main source of the Gongcha and Duoruonuoer Groups, verifying the southward subduction of the North Qilian Ocean, a portion of the larger Proto-Tethys Ocean, beneath the Central Qilian belt. The detrital zircon ages reveal that the initial subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean in the Qilian orogen occurred ca. 530 Ma and closed ca. 435 Ma. These forearc sedimentary units constitute the tectonic boundaries between the Central Qilian belt and North Qilian belt.
Transformation of Biochar from Plant Biomass in Gray Forest Soil: Evaluation by Isotopic Labeling Method
Authors: Galitskaya P. Yu. , Selivanovskaya S. Yu. , Karamova K. O. , Gordeev A. S. , Kuryntseva P. A. , Ghorbannezhad P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Pyrolysis is considered to be one of promising methods for processing agricultural waste and for producing fertilizers. The efficiency of the resulting biochar as a fertilizer has been proven, but the preferential way of decomposition of organic substances in it—biotic or abiotic—is still open to argument. The ways of transformation of biochar obtained from corn (a plant of the C4 type of photosynthesis with an increased 13C content) were assessed in this work, using the solid-phase CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy. Biochar was placed into the top layer of a monolith of gray forest soil, and the precipitation regime characteristic of Central Russia was simulated for 90 days. The peak at 129 ppm typical for aromatic compounds increased during the experiment in the obtained NMR spectra of soil samples with biochar in the upper soil layer, but not in other layers. This testifies that biochar particles do not migrate down the soil profile during one season. The intensity of cumulative microbial respiration in the presence of biochar increases from 85.0 g CO2 kg–1 in the control sample to 201.4 g CO2 kg–1 in the sample with biochar (the topsoil). According to the NMR spectra of the salt formed during mineralization of carbon dioxide released from the soil, it contains labeled carbon: there is a peak at 169 ppm characteristic of carbonates. The cumulative volume of CO2 released from the soil with biochar is 1.9 times greater as compared to the control soil. The addition of microorganisms-decomposers caused an additional increase in the CO2 volume: 2.4 times relative to the control, which indicates the role of microorganisms in the destruction of soil organic matter and of biochar. However, based on the stability of the total carbon content in the soil, it can be concluded that only a small proportion of biochar components is susceptible to biotic decomposition.
The impact of adjuvant antibiotic hydrogel application on the primary stability of uncemented hip stems
Authors: Orfanos Georgios , Zderic Ivan , Gueorguiev Boyko , Nylund Pamela , D'Este Matteo , Varga Peter , Okoro Tosan 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the effect of adjuvant antibiotic-loaded hydrogel application on the primary stability of implanted uncemented hip stems.DesignBiomechanical study.SettingAn electro-mechanic material test system (#5866, Instron, Norwood, MA, USA) equipped with a 10-kN load cell was used. A staircase loading protocol was applied via quasi-static ramped compression loading at 0.005 mm/s and six different load levels between 500 N and 3000 N in 500 N intermittent load increase steps.Participants12 artificial femora were prepared and received a collarless uncemented standard offset stem (Corail; DePuy Synthes, Zuchwil, Switzerland).InterventionsThe two groups were prepared with or without the antibiotic-loaded hydrogel.Main outcome measuresConstruct stiffness was determined from the recorded load-displacement curves and stem subsidence was measured via motion tracking.ResultsConstruct stiffness (control: 4176±240 N/mm; intervention: 4588±448 N/mm) was not significantly different between the groups (p=0.076). Stem subsidence increased significantly over the increasing load levels in each separate group (p≤0.002) and remained not significantly different between the groups (p=0.609).ConclusionsThe application of antibiotic-loaded hydrogel was associated with non-inferior performance in terms of primary uncemented hip stem stability. This finding makes the prospect of adjuvant antibiotic-loaded hydrogel application potentially feasible; however, it requires further investigations prior to translation in the clinical practice.