bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High event‐free survival rate with minimum‐dose‐anthracycline treatment in childhood acute promyelocytic leukaemia: a nationwide prospective study by the Japanese Paediatric Leukaemia/Lymphoma Study Group
Authors: Takahashi Hiroyuki , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Kinoshita Akitoshi , Yuza Yuki , Moritake Hiroshi , Terui Kiminori , Iwamoto Shotaro , Nakayama Hideki , Shimada Akira , Kudo Kazuko , Taki Tomohiko , Yabe Miharu , Matsushita Hiromichi , Yamashita Yuka , Koike Kazutoshi , Ogawa Atsushi , Kosaka Yoshiyuki , Tomizawa Daisuke , Taga Takashi , Saito Akiko M. , Horibe Keizo , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Miyachi Hayato , Tawa Akio , Adachi Souichi 
Published: March 2016

We evaluated the efficacy of treatment using reduced cumulative doses of anthracyclines in children with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) in the Japanese Paediatric Leukaemia/Lymphoma Study Group AML‐P05 study. All patients received two and three subsequent courses of induction and consolidation chemotherapy respectively, consisting of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA), cytarabine and anthracyclines, followed by maintenance therapy with ATRA. Notably, a single administration of anthracyclines was introduced in the second induction and all consolidation therapies to minimize total doses of anthracycline. The 3‐year event‐free (EFS) and overall survival rates for 43 eligible children were 83·6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 68·6–91·8%] and 90·7% (95% CI: 77·1–96·4%), respectively. Although two patients died of intracranial haemorrhage or infection during induction phases, no cardiac adverse events or treatment‐related deaths were observed during subsequent phases. Patients not displaying M1 marrow after the first induction therapy, or those under 5 years of age at diagnosis, showed inferior outcomes (3‐year EFS rate; 33·3% (95% CI: 19·3–67·6%) and 54·6% (95% CI: 22·9–78·0%), respectively). In conclusion, a single administration of anthracycline during each consolidation phase was sufficient for treating childhood APL. In younger children, however, conventional ATRA and chemotherapy may be insufficient so that alternative therapies should be considered.
Chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell anal carcinoma: a review of prognostic factors
Authors: Kapacee Z. A. , Susnerwala S. , Wise M. , Biswas A. , Danwata F. , Scott N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimPrevious literature has sought prognostic factors for the survival of anal cancer patients. The present study aimed to determine prognostic factors for local disease recurrence, distant metastasis and survival for patients treated with radical chemoradiotherapy (CRT) at the Rosemere Cancer Centre, Preston, UK.MethodPatients treated with CRT for nonmetastatic squamous cell anal cancer between September 2000 and January 2013 were studied. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis assessed the prognostic value of age, sex, tumour size, the proportion of the anal canal circumference involved (ACCI), nodal disease, tumour location and pretreatment haemoglobin.ResultsOne hundred and 48 patients with a mean age of 63 years were studied, of whom 15% suffered local disease recurrence and 10% developed distant metastasis. The 5‐year overall and cancer‐specific survival rates were 84% and 86%, respectively. Predictors of local recurrence were tumour size >5 cm and over two‐thirds ACCI (P < 0.01). Predictors of distant metastasis and poor survival were tumour size >5 cm (P < 0.01), node positive disease on imaging (P < 0.05), over two‐thirds ACCI (P < 0.01) and a pretreatment haemoglobin level below 130 g/l (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis found large tumour size to be the most significant factor for local recurrence (P = 0.002) and survival (P = 0.02) whilst over two‐thirds ACCI was most predictive of distant metastasis (P < 0.001). Age, gender, palpable lymph nodes and tumour location were not of prognostic value for local disease recurrence, distant metastasis or survival.ConclusionTumour size, nodal disease, over two‐thirds ACCI and low pretreatment haemoglobin confer poorer prognostic and survival outcomes. Use of intensity‐modulated radiation therapy may allow greater radiation doses to be given for locally advanced tumours, thus improving local control and survival and reducing morbidity.
The impact of privatization on efficiency and profitability
Authors: Shi Wendong , Sun Jingwei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOver the past three decades, China has undergone tremendous economic and social change as a consequence of the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy. This paper examines a key feature of this transition – the privatization of the state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) – through both a theoretical model and empirical analysis. Using newly collected primary data from a variety of sources, we study how privatization of listed SOEs affects employment, wages, profits and other aspects of economic performance at the firm level. Our major finding is that privatization results in substantial downsizing of employment, increased labour productivity and rising profitability.
High emissions of greenhouse gases from grasslands on peat and other organic soils
Authors: Tiemeyer Bärbel , Albiac Borraz Elisa , Augustin Jürgen , Bechtold Michel , Beetz Sascha , Beyer Colja , Drösler Matthias , Ebli Martin , Eickenscheidt Tim , Fiedler Sabine , Förster Christoph , Freibauer Annette , Giebels Michael , Glatzel Stephan , Heinichen Jan , Hoffmann Mathias , Höper Heinrich , Jurasinski Gerald , Leiber‐Sauheitl Katharina , Peichl‐Brak Mandy , Roßkopf Niko , Sommer Michael , Zeitz Jutta 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDrainage has turned peatlands from a carbon sink into one of the world's largest greenhouse gas (GHG) sources from cultivated soils. We analyzed a unique data set (12 peatlands, 48 sites and 122 annual budgets) of mainly unpublished GHG emissions from grasslands on bog and fen peat as well as other soils rich in soil organic carbon (SOC) in Germany. Emissions and environmental variables were measured with identical methods. Site‐averaged GHG budgets were surprisingly variable (29.2 ± 17.4 t CO2‐eq. ha−1 yr−1) and partially higher than all published data and the IPCC default emission factors for GHG inventories. Generally, CO2 (27.7 ± 17.3 t CO2 ha−1 yr−1) dominated the GHG budget. Nitrous oxide (2.3 ± 2.4 kg N2O‐N ha−1 yr−1) and methane emissions (30.8 ± 69.8 kg CH4‐C ha−1 yr−1) were lower than expected except for CH4 emissions from nutrient‐poor acidic sites. At single peatlands, CO2 emissions clearly increased with deeper mean water table depth (WTD), but there was no general dependency of CO2 on WTD for the complete data set. Thus, regionalization of CO2 emissions by WTD only will remain uncertain. WTD dynamics explained some of the differences between peatlands as sites which became very dry during summer showed lower emissions. We introduced the aerated nitrogen stock (Nair) as a variable combining soil nitrogen stocks with WTD. CO2 increased with Nair across peatlands. Soils with comparatively low SOC concentrations showed as high CO2 emissions as true peat soils because Nair was similar. N2O emissions were controlled by the WTD dynamics and the nitrogen content of the topsoil. CH4 emissions can be well described by WTD and ponding duration during summer. Our results can help both to improve GHG emission reporting and to prioritize and plan emission reduction measures for peat and similar soils at different scales.
Temporal effects of Notch signaling and potential cooperation with multiple downstream effectors on adenohypophysis cell specification in zebrafish
Authors: Nakahara Yoshinari , Muto Akihiko , Hirabayashi Ryo , Sakuma Tetsushi , Yamamoto Takashi , Kume Shoen , Kikuchi Yutaka 
Published: March 2016

The adenohypophysis (AH) consists of six distinct types of hormone‐secreting cells. In zebrafish, although proper differentiation of all AH cell types has been shown to require Notch signaling within a period of 14–16 h postfertilization (hpf), the mechanisms underlying this process remain to be elucidated. Herein, we observed using the Notch inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ) that Notch signaling also contributed to AH cell specification beyond 16 hpf. Specification of distinct cell types was perturbed by DBZ treatment for different time frames, suggesting that AH cells are specified by Notch‐dependent and cell‐type‐specific mechanisms. We also found that two hes‐family genes, her4.1 and hey1, were expressed in the developing AH under the influence of Notch signaling. her4.1 knockdown reduced expression of proopiomelanocortin a (pomca), growth hormone (gh), and prolactin, whereas hey1 was responsible only for gh expression. Simultaneous loss of both Her4.1 and Hey1 produced milder phenotypes than that of DBZ‐treated embryos. Moreover, DBZ treatment from 18 hpf led to a significant down‐regulation of both gh and pomca genes only when combined with injection of a subthreshold level of her4.1‐morpholino. These observations suggest that multiple downstream effectors, including Her4.1 and Hey1, mediate Notch signaling during AH cell specification.
Resilience: synthesis of concept analyses and contribution to nursing classifications
Authors: Caldeira S. , Timmins F. 
Published: March 2016

AimTo synthetize elements of research on concept analyses of resilience; and to propose a definition of resilience to NANDA International (NANDA‐I) and International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®).BackgroundNursing classifications represent nursing knowledge that is clinically relevant and in continuous development.IntroductionNursing is considered holistic and there is always the need to consider human responses to health and life processes. Continuously there are new and emerging concepts concerning humans and health that should be considered within the organization and delivery of health care as resilience.MethodsIn March 2015, the authors performed a synthesis of the findings of research concept analysis research derived from a systematic literature search of electronic databases (PsycINFO, CINAHL and PubMed). Search terms used in the title were: ‘resilience’ AND ‘analysis’ AND ‘concept’. Papers written in Portuguese or English were included.FindingsA total of 27 papers were identified and eight papers were included. Of these, seven papers used Walker & Avant's () model and one used Rodger's () model. Resilience emerged as a fundamental concept across the lifespan that is closely related to health and well‐being.DiscussionResilience is a phenomenon of interest for nurses. Similar attributes, antecedents, consequents and definitions were synthesized into a new proposal of a definition of resilience. While some diagnoses related to resilience are classified in NANDA‐I, the concept is not included in ICNP®.Conclusion and implications for nursing and health policyThe inclusion of the concept into ICNP® and the update in NANDA‐I is a contribution for nursing knowledge through education and for clinical practice, as this could promote the effectiveness of interventions in several contexts.
Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cytokines/chemokines in chronic periodontitis: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Stadler Amanda F. , Angst Patrícia D. M. , Arce Roger M. , Gomes Sabrina C. , Oppermann Rui V. , Susin Cristiano 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsTo compare gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokines/chemokines levels between periodontally healthy subjects and subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis (ChP), before and after non‐surgical periodontal treatment, and to establish their predictive value for periodontal disease progression.MethodsStudies indexed in MEDLINE and EMBASE published in English, Portuguese and Spanish were eligible for this review. Database searches up to December 2015, and manual search of the reference list from reviews and selected articles was performed. Only studies providing data on GCF cytokines/chemokines levels in subjects diagnosed with ChP and periodontally healthy controls were included. Cross‐sectional, case series, single‐arm clinical studies, randomized controlled trials and prospective/retrospective cohort studies were included. Meta‐analyses were conducted for those cytokines/chemokines with at least three available studies.ResultsGCF levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IFN‐γ and MCP‐1/CCL2 were significantly higher in subjects diagnosed with ChP than periodontally healthy subjects. A significant decrease in GCF levels of IL‐1β and IL‐17 was observed after non‐surgical periodontal treatment, whereas a significant increase was observed for IL‐4.ConclusionEvidence for significant differences between periodontal health and ChP was observed for a few cytokines and one chemokine. No conclusions could be drawn with regards to increased risk of disease progression.
Periodontal conditions among employed adults in Spain
Authors: Carasol Miguel , Llodra Juan Carlos , Fernández‐Meseguer Ana , Bravo Manuel , García‐Margallo María Teresa , Calvo‐Bonacho Eva , Sanz Mariano , Herrera David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimTo assess the prevalence and severity of periodontal conditions among a representative sample of employed adults in Spain.Material and MethodsA national cross‐sectional study was conducted during 2008–2011. Periodontal status of 5130 workers, stratified by gender, age and occupation, was assessed based on Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), following the WHO criteria.ResultsThe percentage of subjects with periodontal pockets (CPI codes 3–4) was 38.4%, [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 36.4–40.5] increasing significantly in subjects ≥45 years; 13.7% (95% CI: 12.8–14.7) of workers showed CAL 4–5 mm, while 7.7% (95% CI: 7.0–8.5) showed CAL ≥6 mm, again increasing significantly in the population ≥45 years. Prevalence of worse periodontal conditions was significantly higher in male workers, in subjects with primary school education and lower income, and in smokers and former smokers. The periodontal condition in young adults (35–44 years) was worse in comparison with those previously reported in Spanish national surveys.ConclusionPrevalence of destructive periodontal diseases was age‐, gender‐, education‐, income‐ and tobacco smoking‐related. Young adults showed worse periodontal conditions than has been previously reported in national surveys in Spain. It is suggested to include oral evaluation and preventive strategies in work‐related medical check‐ups.
Cutaneuos findings in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease
Authors: Solak B. , Acikgoz S.B. , Sipahi S. , Erdem T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundSeveral cutaneous findings are seen in dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, there are only a few small studies on cutaneous findings in predialysis CKD patients. We aimed to determine cutaneous findings in predialysis CKD patients.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study. Consecutive predialysis CKD patients from nephrology outpatient clinic in a university affiliated hospital were recruited to this study. Detailed dermatologic examination was performed by a senior dermatologist. Blood urea, creatinine, hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C antibody test were studied for each participant.ResultsA total of 365 consecutive predialysis CKD patients (stages 2–5) included in the study. Three hundred and fifty‐eight patients (98.1%) had at least one dermatologic finding. The most common cutaneous finding was xerosis (64.9%) followed by hair findings (41.4%), pruritus (19.2%), pigmentary changes (17.5%), nail findings (15.3%) and oral mucosal findings (9.3%). Longitudinal striations was the most common nail finding, diffuse brown hyperpigmentation was the most common pigmentary change, coated tongue was the most common oral mucosal finding and androgenetic alopecia was the most common hair finding. Frequency and diversity of dermatologic findings did not change across CKD stages.ConclusionsThis is the largest study investigating dermatologic findings in a well‐characterized predialysis CKD patient population. We found that at least one cutaneous finding was present in almost all of the CKD patients. Cutaneous findings are very common and diverse among predialysis CKD patients.
Microtubules, polarity and vertebrate neural tube morphogenesis
Authors: Cearns Michael D. , Escuin Sarah , Alexandre Paula , Greene Nicholas D. E. , Copp Andrew J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMicrotubules (MTs) are key cellular components, long known to participate in morphogenetic events that shape the developing embryo. However, the links between the cellular functions of MTs, their effects on cell shape and polarity, and their role in large‐scale morphogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, these relationships were examined with respect to two strategies for generating the vertebrate neural tube: bending and closure of the mammalian neural plate; and cavitation of the teleost neural rod. The latter process has been compared with ‘secondary’ neurulation that generates the caudal spinal cord in mammals. MTs align along the apico‐basal axis of the mammalian neuroepithelium early in neural tube closure, participating functionally in interkinetic nuclear migration, which indirectly impacts on cell shape. Whether MTs play other functional roles in mammalian neurulation remains unclear. In the zebrafish, MTs are important for defining the neural rod midline prior to its cavitation, both by localizing apical proteins at the tissue midline and by orienting cell division through a mirror‐symmetric MT apparatus that helps to further define the medial localization of apical polarity proteins. Par proteins have been implicated in centrosome positioning in neuroepithelia as well as in the control of polarized morphogenetic movements in the neural rod. Understanding of MT functions during early nervous system development has so far been limited, partly by techniques that fail to distinguish ‘cause’ from ‘effect’. Future developments will likely rely on novel ways to selectively impair MT function in order to investigate the roles they play.
Microbial eukaryote plankton communities of high‐mountain lakes from three continents exhibit strong biogeographic patterns
Authors: Filker Sabine , Sommaruga Ruben , Vila Irma , Stoeck Thorsten 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMicrobial eukaryotes hold a key role in aquatic ecosystem functioning. Yet, their diversity in freshwater lakes, particularly in high‐mountain lakes, is relatively unknown compared with the marine environment. Low nutrient availability, low water temperature and high ultraviolet radiation make most high‐mountain lakes extremely challenging habitats for life and require specific molecular and physiological adaptations. We therefore expected that these ecosystems support a plankton diversity that differs notably from other freshwater lakes. In addition, we hypothesized that the communities under study exhibit geographic structuring. Our rationale was that geographic dispersal of small‐sized eukaryotes in high‐mountain lakes over continental distances seems difficult. We analysed hypervariable V4 fragments of the SSU rRNA gene to compare the genetic microbial eukaryote diversity in high‐mountain lakes located in the European Alps, the Chilean Altiplano and the Ethiopian Bale Mountains. Microbial eukaryotes were not globally distributed corroborating patterns found for bacteria, multicellular animals and plants. Instead, the plankton community composition emerged as a highly specific fingerprint of a geographic region even on higher taxonomic levels. The intraregional heterogeneity of the investigated lakes was mirrored in shifts in microbial eukaryote community structure, which, however, was much less pronounced compared with interregional beta‐diversity. Statistical analyses revealed that on a regional scale, environmental factors are strong predictors for plankton community structures in high‐mountain lakes. While on long‐distance scales (>10 000 km), isolation by distance is the most plausible scenario, on intermediate scales (up to 6000 km), both contemporary environmental factors and historical contingencies interact to shift plankton community structures.
Characterization of photomorphogenic responses and signaling cascades controlled by phytochrome‐A expressed in different tissues
Authors: Kirchenbauer Daniel , Viczián András , Ádám Éva , Hegedűs Zoltán , Klose Cornelia , Leppert Michael , Hiltbrunner Andreas , Kircher Stefan , Schäfer Eberhard , Nagy Ferenc 
Published: March 2016

Summary

The photoreceptor phytochrome A acts as a light‐dependent molecular switch and regulates responses initiated by very low fluences of light (VLFR) and high fluences (HIR) of far‐red light. PhyA is expressed ubiquitously, but how phyA signaling is orchestrated to regulate photomorphogenesis is poorly understood.

To address this issue, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana phyA‐201 mutant lines expressing the biologically active phyA‐YFP photoreceptor in different tissues, and analyzed the expression of several reporter genes, including ProHY5:HY5‐GFP and Pro35S:CFP‐PIF1, and various FR‐HIR‐dependent physiological responses.

We show that phyA action in one tissue is critical and sufficient to regulate flowering time and root growth; control of cotyledon and hypocotyl growth requires simultaneous phyA activity in different tissues; and changes detected in the expression of reporters are not restricted to phyA‐containing cells.

We conclude that FR‐HIR‐controlled morphogenesis in Arabidopsis is mediated partly by tissue‐specific and partly by intercellular signaling initiated by phyA. Intercellular signaling is critical for many FR‐HIR induced responses, yet it appears that phyA modulates the abundance and activity of key regulatory transcription factors in a tissue‐autonomous fashion.
Rapid Device‐Detected Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia in the Risk Stratification of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: VISWANATHAN KARTHIK , SUSZKO ADRIAN M , DAS MOLOY , JACKSON NICHOLAS , GOLLOB MICHAEL , CAMERON DOUGLAS , SPEARS DANNA , WOO ANNA , RAKOWSKI HARRY , KHURANA MAMTA , CHAUHAN VIJAY S 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundNonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) detected by ambulatory Holter (Holter NSVT) is a major risk factor for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We hypothesized that the prognostic utility of Holter NSVT in HCM would improve with prolonged monitoring and a higher heart rate cut‐off for detection.MethodsWe enrolled 60 patients (44 ± 14 years) with HCM, who had a prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Positive Holter NSVT (prior to implant) was defined as ≥3 beats at ≥120 beats per minute (bpm). We assessed the prevalence of rapid NSVT (RNSVT) detected by their ICD within 12 months of its implant, defined as 4–16 beats at ≥150–200 bpm. The primary outcome was appropriate ICD therapy (antitachycardia pacing and shocks) for sustained ventricular arrhythmia (VA).ResultsHolter NSVT was detected in 34 patients. RNSVT occurred in 21 (35%) patients of whom five did not have Holter NSVT. Over a median follow‐up of 61 (interquartile range 29, 129) months after ICD implant, nine patients had VA. RNSVT, but not Holter NSVT, was significantly associated with VA (hazard ratio 6.2, 95% confidence interval [1.3–30], P = 0.01) by multivariable Cox regression analysis that included conventional risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic analysis for RNSVT (area under curve 0.80, P = 0.005) showed that the occurrence of ≥2 episodes of RNSVT discriminated patients for VA optimally (sensitivity 78%, specificity 84%, positive predictive value 47%, negative predictive value 96%).ConclusionsIn this pilot study, RNSVT detected by continuous monitoring independently predicted VA in HCM and offered superior discrimination of VA risk compared to conventional risk factors, including Holter NSVT. Future studies are needed to validate these findings in a larger, unselected HCM cohort.