bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When three traits make a line: Evolution of phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation through linear reaction norms in stochastic environments
Authors: Ergon Torbjørn , Ergon Rolf 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGenetic assimilation results from selection on phenotypic plasticity, but quantitative genetics models of linear reaction norms considering intercept and slope as traits do not fully incorporate the process of genetic assimilation. We argue that intercept-slope reaction norm models are insufficient representations of genetic effects on linear reaction norms, and that considering reaction norm intercept as a trait is unfortunate because the definition of this trait relates to a specific environmental value (zero) and confounds genetic effects on reaction norm elevation with genetic effects on environmental perception. Instead we suggest a model with three traits representing genetic effects that respectively (i) are independent of the environment, (ii) alter the sensitivity of the phenotype to the environment, and (iii) determine how the organism perceives the environment. The model predicts that, given sufficient additive genetic variation in environmental perception, the environmental value at which reaction norms tend to cross will respond rapidly to selection after an abrupt environmental change, and eventually become equal to the new mean environment. This readjustment of the zone of canalization becomes completed without changes in genetic correlations, genetic drift or imposing any fitness costs on maintaining plasticity. The asymptotic evolutionary outcome of this three-trait linear reaction norm generally entails a lower degree of phenotypic plasticity than the two-trait model, and maximum expected fitness does not occur at the mean trait values in the population.
Strategic orientations, sustainable supply chain initiatives, and reverse logistics
Authors: Hsu Chin-Chun , Tan Keah-Choon , Mohamad Zailani Suhaiza Hanim 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– Global outsourcing shifts manufacturing jobs to emerging countries, which provides new opportunities for improving their economic development. The authors develop and test a theoretical model to predict first, how sustainable supply chain initiatives might influence reverse logistics outcomes and second, the impact of eco-reputation and eco-innovation orientation strategies on the deployment of sustainable supply chain initiatives. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– The proposed new model of antecedents and outcomes of sustainable supply chain initiatives underwent a rigorous empirical test through structural equation modeling with samples from an emerging market.Findings– The results show that firms that implement sustainable supply chain initiatives can realize positive reverse logistics outcomes; the study also provides new insights into eco-innovation and eco-reputation strategic orientations as theoretically important antecedents of sustainable supply chain initiatives.Research limitations/implications– Though the authors identify three components of sustainable supply chain initiatives, other components could exist, and ongoing research should investigate them.Practical implications– The findings have important implications for managers in emerging markets seeking to initiate ecologically friendly business practices. The authors offer strong evidence of the benefits obtained from reverse logistics in sustainable supply chain initiatives. Policy makers and firms attempting to nurture sustainable supply chain initiatives should not overlook the important role of eco-reputation and eco-innovation strategic orientations, which the results identify as important enablers.Originality/value– This study offers evidence of the critical role of eco-reputation and eco-innovation strategic orientations in deploying sustainable supply chain initiative programs, as well as of their mutual effects. This study also offers empirical evidence that implementing sustainable supply chain initiatives leads to reverse logistics, creating value, and a new source of competitive advantages.
Management of the learning curve: a case of overseas production capacity expansion
Authors: Pedersen Peter-Christian , Slepniov Dmitrij 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– This paper focuses on the management of the learning curve in overseas capacity expansions. The purpose of this paper is to unravel the direct as well as indirect influences on the learning curve and to advance the understanding of how these affect its management.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper builds on the offshoring, capacity expansion and learning curve literature. The existing scholarship often lacks detailed insights into the factors surrounding the globalisation of production, and how constructing and operationalising new capacities overseas should be implemented. The paper employs qualitative methodology and draws on a longitudinal, factory-level analysis of an in-depth case study of a Danish wind turbine manufacturer.

Findings
– This study goes beyond a simplistic treatment of the lead time and learning required to establish a new capacity. The authors examined the dimensions of the learning process involved in a capacity expansion project and identified the direct and indirect labour influences on the production learning curve. On this basis, the study proposes solutions to managing learning curves in overseas capacity expansions. Furthermore, the paper concludes with measures that have the potential to significantly reduce the non-value-added time when establishing new capacities overseas.

Originality/value
– The paper uses a longitudinal in-depth case study of a Danish wind turbine manufacturer and goes beyond a simplistic treatment of the lead time and learning required to establish a new capacity.
Expeditions through image jungles
Authors: Göker Ayse , Butterworth Richard , MacFarlane Andrew , Ahmed Tanya S , Stumpf Simone 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– Searching for appropriate images as part of a work task is a non-trivial problem. Journalists and copywriters need to find images that are not only visually appropriate to accompany the documents they are creating, but are acceptably priced and licensed. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– A work-based study methodology and grounded theory are used to collect qualitative data from a variety of creative professionals including journalists.

Findings
– The authors report the findings of a study to investigate image search, retrieval and use by creative professionals who routinely use images as part of their work in an online environment. The authors describe the commercial constraints that have an impact on the image users’ behaviour that are not reported in other more academic and lab-based studies of image use (Westman, 2009).

Practical implications
– The authors show that the commercial image retrieval systems are based on document retrieval systems, and that this is not the most appropriate approach in the journalism domain.

Originality/value
– The authors describe the properties of an “information expedition”; the image seeking behaviour exhibited by journalists in an online environment, and contend that it is significantly different to existing image seeking models which represent other user types.
Ethnomethodology
Authors: Trace Ciaran B. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to argue that researchers in the information disciplines should embrace ethnomethodology as a way of forming deeper insights into the relationship between people and recorded knowledge.Design/methodology/approach– The paper introduces the core concepts of ethnomethodology as a means of articulating what this perspective brings to the understanding of the way that society is accomplished. A selection of key studies are then examined to highlight important ethnomethodological findings about the particular relationship of documents to human actions and interactions.Findings– Ethnomethodology highlights the fact that people transform their experiences, and the experiences of others, into documents whose status as an objective object help to justify people’s actions and inferences. Documents, as written accounts, also serve to make peoples’ actions meaningful to themselves and to others. At the same time, ethnomethodology draws attention to the fact that any correct reading of these documents relies partly on an understanding of the tacit ideologies that undergird people’s sense-making and that are used in order to make decisions and get work done.Originality/value– This conceptual framework contributes to the information disciplines by bringing to the fore certain understandings about the social organization of document work, and the attendant social arrangements they reveal. The paper also outlines, from a methodological perspective, how information science researchers can use ethnomethodology as an investigative stance to further their knowledge of the role of documents in everyday life.
Reading as dialogical document work: possibilities for Library and Information Science
Authors: Lundh Anna Hampson , Dolatkhah Mats 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to introduce a dialogically based theory of documentary practices and document work as a promising framework for studying activities that are often conceptualised as information behaviour or information practices within Library and Information Science (LIS).Design/methodology/approach– An empirical example – a lesson on how to read railway timetables – is presented. The lesson stems from a research project including 223 Swedish lessons recorded in Swedish primary schools 1967-1969. It is argued that this lesson, as many empirical situations within LIS research, can fruitfully be regarded as documentary practices which include document work such as reading, rather than instances of information behaviour.Findings– It is found that the theoretical perspective of dialogism could contribute to the theory development within LIS, and function as a bridge between different subfields such as reading studies and documentary practices.Research limitations/implications– The framework is yet to be applied on a larger scale. This would require a willingness to go beyond the entrenched idea of information as the core theoretical concept and empirical object of study within LIS.Social implications– The theoretical framework offers a view of the relations between individuals, documents, and social contexts, through which it is possible to explore the social significance of core LIS concerns such as reading, literacy, and document work.Originality/value– The theoretical framework offers an alternative to the monologist, information-based theories and models of people’s behaviours and practices prevalent in LIS.
The everyday life information seeking behaviours of first-time mothers
Authors: Loudon Katherine , Buchanan Steven , Ruthven Ian 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the everyday life information seeking behaviours of first-time mothers, as they encounter new, significant and pressing information needs which arise alongside their new responsibilities.

Design/methodology/approach
– A qualitative approach combined narrative interviews with participatory methods to facilitate engagement and remain sensitive to the social context.

Findings
– Mothers particularly valued the experiential nature of information received from peers or family members. However, fear of judgement influenced their use of interpersonal sources, both on- and off-line. Their accounts of information seeking contained instances of confusion, tension, conflict and information overload. Feeling under pressure to be “good mothers”, they withheld information needs from others, including healthcare professionals.

Research limitations/implications
– There was a notable absence of younger (
<
20 year old) and/or less educated mothers in the study. This corresponds to previous findings which report that very young mothers are reluctant to participate in support groups with older mothers. They remain an understudied and potentially marginalised group.

Practical implications
– The findings show how social support groups can mitigate for societal pressures which impact upon mothers’ information behaviour, allowing them to connect and share information within a trusted environment. The study highlights the importance of healthcare and information services professionals remaining sensitive to such pressures. Relatedly, the finding that public libraries are used very little has implications for audience engagement and service provision.

Originality/value
– Focused upon first-time mothers’ information behaviours during the early stages of parenthood, the study provides insight into how relationships and experiences with others influence information seeking behaviours. It provides evidence that fear of judgement can influence information seeking behaviour, helping us to understand why some information sources, although considered important and useful, can be used very little.
Local cryosurgery and imiquimod: A successful combination for the treatment of locoregional cutaneous metastasis of melanoma: A case series
Authors: Rivas‐Tolosa Nancy , Ortiz‐Brugués Ariadna , Toledo‐Pastrana Tomás , Baradad Manel , Traves Víctor , Soriano Virtudes , Sanmartín Verónica , Requena Celia , Martí Rosa , Nagore Eduardo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLocoregional cutaneous metastases of melanoma (LCMM) represent a therapeutic challenge. Many treatment options are available with varying results. The combination of cryotherapy and imiquimod, two treatments with a possible synergistic effect, has not yet been described for treating this disease. In this paper, we aimed to show the response of LCMM to cryotherapy combined with topical imiquimod 5%. A retrospective review of 20 patients diagnosed with LCMM and treated with cryotherapy combined with topical imiquimod 5% between November 2000 and May 2014 at three institutions was performed. The locoregional cutaneous response was evaluated. After a mean of five sessions, 13 patients (65%) responded to treatment, eight (40%) of these completely and five (25%) partially. Systemic disease progressed in 16 (80%) patients. Cryotherapy followed by topical imiquimod 5% is simple to apply, has minimal adverse effects and provides response rates similar to other, more complex treatment options.
Case of immediate hypersensitivity to beer
Authors: Inoue Tomoko , Yagami Akiko , Shimojo Naoshi , Hara Kazuhiro , Nakamura Masashi , Matsunaga Kayoko 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe report here a case of immediate hypersensitivity to beer, in which a female patient developed angioedema of the eyelids shortly after consuming beer. In skin prick tests, the patient showed positive reactions to the base ingredients of beer, particularly malt and barley. The specific serum immunoglobulin E antibodies against barley and malt displayed weakly positive reactivity. To identify the immunoreactive antigens, malt and barley proteins were separated by 2‐D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoreacted with the patient's serum. The results of mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the main antigen was a protein with similarity to protein z‐type serpin. Notably, the identified antigen had a molecular weight of 20–25 kDa, which is markedly smaller than that previously reported for protein Z4 (44 kDa). Taken together, these analyses indicate that a possible new antigen which belongs to the protein Z family elicits immediate hypersensitivity to beer.
Temperature dependence of fish performance in the wild: links with species biogeography and physiological thermal tolerance
Authors: Payne Nicholas L. , Smith James A. , van der Meulen Dylan E. , Taylor Matthew D. , Watanabe Yuuki Y. , Takahashi Akinori , Marzullo Teagan A. , Gray Charles A. , Cadiou Gwenael , Suthers Iain M. 
Published: December 2015

Summary

Temperature strongly regulates the distribution and fitness of ectotherms, and many studies have measured the temperature dependence of physiological performance in controlled laboratory settings. In contrast, little is known about how temperature influences ectotherm performance in the wild, so the ecological significance of physiological performance as measured in the laboratory is unclear.

Our aim was to measure the temperature dependence of performance in the wild for several species of fishes and to explore how temperatures that maximize performance in the wild (ToptE) are related to species biogeographies.

We gathered body activity and growth data from the wild for nine tropical and temperate fish species, and by fitting thermal performance curves to these data, compared ToptE to species‐specific warm range boundary temperatures (the average temperature of the warmest month at equatorward range limits). To explore the degree to which trends in the wild reflect trends in physiological performance measured in the laboratory, we also compiled published data on the temperature dependence of aerobic metabolic scope in fishes and compared these to our wild fish data.

We found ToptE in the wild was strongly correlated with warm range boundary temperatures, and that the difference between these two temperatures (the ‘environmental heating tolerance’) was smaller for more‐tropical species. Comparison with laboratory data revealed that ToptE approaches warm boundary temperatures in the wild at the same rate that the optimal temperature for aerobic scope (ToptAS) approaches upper critical temperatures (upper Tcrit) for aerobic scope in the laboratory, meaning that environmental heating tolerances in wild fishes closely mirror physiological heating tolerance (i.e. upper Tcrit − ToptAS) in captive fishes.

Our comparison of field‐ and laboratory‐derived data highlights the ecological significance of aerobic metabolic scope in fishes and suggests wild fish species tend to perform best near the highest temperatures encountered in their range while maintaining a safety margin from the deleterious effects of upper critical temperatures.
Root and leaf decomposition become decoupled over time: implications for below‐ and above‐ground relationships
Authors: Ma Chengen , Xiong Yanmei , Li Le , Guo Dali 
Published: December 2015

Summary

Studies elucidating patterns and mechanisms of decomposition are moving from a leaf‐centred view towards a whole‐plant perspective, in which root and leaf decomposition differs among species, yet this prediction has so far received mixed empirical support.

Here, we examined the rates and temporal dynamics of decomposition of absorptive fine roots (the distal two root‐branch orders) and leaf litter by measuring mass loss across 10 subtropical and temperate tree species, and CO2 efflux across 18 tree species in a 15‐month laboratory incubation experiment.

Eight of 12 initial chemical traits were positively correlated between roots and leaf litter (Pearson's r range of 0·48–0·82). However, mass loss and respiration rates between roots and leaf litter were correlated only in the first 3 months, but unrelated in the subsequent 12 months. This was due to root decomposition rates slowing down after the first 3 months.

The disparity in decomposition rates between roots and leaf litter was mainly due to the higher chemical recalcitrance of roots and suggests that roots and leaf litter need to be considered separately when evaluating their role in plant–soil feedbacks. A better understanding of whole‐plant ecological strategies is needed to quantify the impact roots vs. leaves on detrital processes.
The British General Election of 2015 and the Rise of the Meritocracy
Authors: Bogdanor Vernon 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMany on the left hoped that the 2015 general election in Britain would prove a social democratic moment. Instead, it proved a nationalist moment, since the only parties radically to increase their vote were UKIP and the SNP. This mirrored trends on the Continent, where nationalist parties on the right and the left have been the beneficiaries of the financial collapse of 2008. These parties exploit a new social cleavage between those who benefit from globalisation and those left behind. The new parties exploit issues of identity rather than economics, and these issues—whether Britain remains in the European Union, whether mass immigration continues and whether Scotland remains in the United Kingdom—are likely to dominate the 2015 parliament.
17‐Hydroxyprogesterone caproate in triplet pregnancy: an individual patient data meta‐analysis
Authors: Combs CA , Schuit E , Caritis SN , Lim AC , Garite TJ , Maurel K , Rouse D , Thom E , Tita AT , Mol BWJ ,   A Global Obstetrics Network (GONet) collaboration
Published: December 2015

BackgroundPreterm birth complicates almost all triplet pregnancies and no preventive strategy has proven effective.ObjectiveTo determine, using individual patient data (IPD) meta‐analysis, whether the outcome of triplet pregnancy is affected by prophylactic administration of 17‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17OHPc).Search strategyWe searched literature databases, trial registries and references in published articles.Selection criteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) of progestogens versus control that included women with triplet pregnancies.Data collection and analysisInvestigators from identified RCTs collaborated on the protocol and contributed their IPD. The primary outcome was a composite measure of adverse perinatal outcome. The secondary outcome was the rate of birth before 32 weeks of gestation. Other pre‐specified outcomes included randomisation‐to‐delivery interval and rates of birth at <24, <28 and <34 weeks of gestation.Main resultsThree RCTs of 17OHPc versus placebo included 232 mothers with triplet pregnancies and their 696 offspring. Risk‐of‐bias scores and between‐study heterogeneity were low. Baseline characteristics were comparable between 17OHPc and placebo groups. The rate of the composite adverse perinatal outcome was similar among those treated with 17OHPc and those treated with placebo (34 and 35%, respectively; risk ratio [RR] 0.98, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.79–1.2). The rate of birth at <32 weeks was also similar in the two groups (35 and 38%, respectively; RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.55–1.56). There were no significant between‐group differences in perinatal mortality rate, randomisation‐to‐delivery interval, or other specified outcomes.ConclusionProphylactic 17OHPc given to mothers with triplet pregnancies had no significant impact on perinatal outcome or pregnancy duration.Tweetable abstract17‐Hydroxyprogesterone caproate had no significant impact on the outcome or duration of triplet pregnancy.