bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint bleeds increase the inhibitor response to human factor VIII in a rat model of severe haemophilia A
Authors: Lövgren K. M. , Søndergaard H. , Skov S. , Wiinberg B. 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionThe most serious complication in haemophilia A (HA) replacement therapy with coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is neutralizing antibodies, i.e. inhibitors. It has been hypothesized that danger signals generated during a bleed might have an adjuvant effect on the immune response to FVIII in on‐demand treatment, increasing the inhibitor risk.AimTo compare the antibody response to treatment with recombinant human FVIII (rhFVIII) in relation to induced knee joint bleeds and treatment without concurrent bleeds in a HA rat model.MethodHA rats were divided into two groups: one group (n = 10) receiving three needle induced knee joint bleeds 14 days apart and a control group (n = 9) receiving three sham procedures. Three hours after each injury/sham 50 IU kg−1 rhFVIII was administrated intravenously. Subsequently, both groups continued rhFVIII treatment for another 9 weeks. Binding antibodies were analysed using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and neutralizing antibodies using a Bethesda‐like assay.ResultsRats in the knee‐bleed group developed a significantly faster inhibitor response and reached significantly higher inhibitor levels. In the knee‐bleed group, 80% developed inhibitors vs. 33% in the control group, demonstrating a 2.4 times higher inhibitor risk when treating concurrent with bleeds.ConclusionFVIII treatment in relation to a bleed potentiates inhibitor development compared to FVIII treatment alone in this HA rat, indicating that bleeding is a potential danger signal. Our results support the theory that FVIII replacement therapy concurrent with a bleeding episode increases the inhibitor risk, which to the best of our knowledge, has not been confirmed in an animal model before.
High promoter methylation levels of glutathione‐S‐transferase M3 predict poor prognosis of acute‐on‐chronic hepatitis B liver failure
Authors: Sun Feng‐Kai , Gao Shuai , Fan Yu‐Chen , Shi Chang‐He , Zhang Zhao‐Hua , Wang Li‐Yuan , Li Feng , Li Xin‐You , Ji Xiang‐Fen , Zhao Jing , Wang Kai 
Published: July 2016

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of glutathione‐S‐transferase M3 (GSTM3) gene promoter methylation in patients with acute‐on‐chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF).MethodsA total of 119 patients with ACHBLF, 60 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. We used a quantitative methylation detection technique, MethyLight, to examine the methylation levels of GSTM3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.ResultsThe GSTM3 methylation level was significantly higher in patients with ACHBLF than those in patients with chronic hepatitis B and healthy controls (both P < 0.05). In patients with ACHBLF, GSTM3 methylation level percentage of methylated reference (PMR) positively correlated with total bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and negatively correlated with prothrombin activity and albumin (all P < 0.05). The PMR for GSTM3 of non‐survivors was significantly increased compared to that of survivors (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that GSTM3 methylation level was one of the independent prognostic factors for 3‐month mortality of ACHBLF (P = 0.000). The area under the receiver–operator characteristic curve of PMR for GSTM3 in predicting 3‐month mortality of ACHBLF was not statistically different from that of MELD score (0.798 vs. 0.716, P = 0.152). However, the area under the curve of PMR for GSTM3 was significantly higher than that of MELD score in predicting 1‐month mortality (0.887 vs. 0.737, P = 0.020).ConclusionPromoter methylation levels of GSTM3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells closely correlated with disease severity and could be used to predict prognosis of patients with ACHBLF.
T follicular helper cell programming by cytokine‐mediated events
Authors: Read Kaitlin A. , Powell Michael D. , Oestreich Kenneth J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryCD4+ T cells, or T helper cells, are critical mediators and coordinators of adaptive immunity. Unique effector T helper cell populations have been identified that perform distinct functions in response to pathogenic infection. The T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are one such subset, which has been identified as the primary T‐cell population responsible for interacting with B cells to promote effective antibody‐mediated immune responses. Since their initial description at the turn of the century, and subsequent classification as a distinct T helper cell subset, there has been substantial interest in elucidating the regulatory mechanisms that govern Tfh cell formation. The collective insight from this body of work has demonstrated that Tfh cell differentiation is a complex and multistage process regulated by a litany of cell‐intrinsic and cell‐extrinsic factors. As with the development of the other recognized T helper cell subsets, specific cytokines exercise prominent roles in both the positive and negative regulation of Tfh cell development. However, the exact composition of, and stage‐specific requirements for, these environmental factors in the governance of Tfh cell differentiation remain incompletely understood. In this review, we summarize what is known regarding the role of cytokines in both the promotion and inhibition of Tfh cell differentiation and function.
Glaciations, deciduous forests, water availability and current geographical patterns in the diversity of European Carabus species
Authors: Calatayud Joaquín , Hortal Joaquín , Medina Nagore G. , Turin Hans , Bernard Rodolphe , Casale Achille , Ortuño Vicente M. , Penev Lyubomir , Rodríguez Miguel Ángel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimCurrent climate, biotic habitat provision and historical events are known drivers of diversity patterns. However, these three factors are seldom evaluated together. Here, we study the influence of climate, the distribution of deciduous forests and Pleistocene climate changes on the species diversity of Carabus ground beetles in Europe.LocationContinental Europe.MethodsWe used geographically weighted regressions (GWR) to explore geographical variation in the relationship between species richness and current climate in a spatially explicit context. Further, we analysed simultaneously the network of relationships among current temperature, climatic variability since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the distribution of deciduous forests through structural equation models (SEM). Also, we assessed dissimilarity in the composition of European faunas by means of beta diversity metrics related with true spatial replacement and nestedness.ResultsWe find that Carabus richness patterns are, at least in part, influenced by water–energy dynamics. However, the effects of current climate are also shaped by Pleistocene glaciations, as water and energy variables change in importance at the southern limits of the ice sheet during the LGM. Accordingly, this border results in abrupt shifts in the relative importance of both (1) current and past climate correlates on Carabus richness, and (2) nestedness and true turnover on the compositional changes among their assemblages. Moreover, we also detect a direct effect of the geographical distribution of deciduous forests on Carabus species richness in both northern and southern regions.Main conclusionsOur results confirm that the processes shaping diversity patterns may depend on the history of particular regions. While Carabus richness seems to be largely driven by current climate in southern Europe, in the north it appears to be more affected by the imprint of past climates. Our findings also suggest that the areas of influence of Pleistocene glaciations may depend on the idiosyncratic characteristics of particular taxa.
Multimorbidity: a sociological perspective of systems
Authors: Walker Christine , Peterson Chris L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThere has been a great tradition of looking at health and illness from a systems perspective. For clinicians and people with illnesses a lot can be gained by mapping the interface of different sectors to understand the nature of conditions. This paper aims to use Sturmberg et als. paper as a stepping off point to present a sociological approach to understanding multimorbidities and gain insights into the illness experience of these people in the greater social system of health and illness. Parsons' sick role provides a useful systems concept through which we can understand the role of doctors and the experience of illness as social, beyond the personal. We also use Bourdieu's concept of habitas and of structure and agency to make sense of multimorbidities being social, economic and a broader part of experiencing social systems. We posit that one option for people coping with multiple conditions is to change identity. We also examine the doctor and patient encounter for mutlimorbidities as being problematic as it forces attention on competence and responsibility in that continuing encounter
Neonatal outcomes after prelabour rupture of membranes before 24 weeks' gestation
Authors: McLaughlin Linda M , Gardener Glenn J 
Published: July 2016

AimThe aim of this study was to determine neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM) before 24 weeks' gestation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of medical records over a 5‐year period (2007–2011) at Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Australia. Data relating to the antenatal and perinatal course of pregnancies complicated by PROM before 24 weeks' gestation were collected. Data were also collected on neonatal diagnoses, management and outcomes for all liveborn infants resulting from these pregnancies.ResultsOne hundred and six pregnancies were complicated by PROM before 24 weeks' gestation. Thirty‐three (31%) of these pregnancies resulted in delivery at pre‐viable gestations (<23 weeks). There were 36 (37%) infants who survived to hospital discharge. At discharge, 47% of infants had chronic lung disease, with 81% of this group requiring supplemental oxygen at home.ConclusionsAlmost one‐third of pregnancies complicated by PROM before 24 weeks resulted in pre‐viable preterm delivery. In pregnancies continuing to a viable gestation, there remained a significant risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity, primarily due to respiratory disease.
The relationship between post‐traumatic stress disorder and quality of life in infertile Shidu parents from the 2008 Sichuan earthquake: the moderating role of social support
Authors: Wang Z. , Xu J. 
Published: July 2016

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Since the promulgation of the one‐child policy in 1979, most families have had only one child. Shidu parents, as a special group of Sichuan 2008 earthquake victims, are parents who lost their only child in the earthquake.

What does this paper added to existing knowledge?

Shidu parents are an especially vulnerable group in China. This study was the first systematic population‐based investigation to explore quality of life (QOL) risk factors and to examine the moderating role of social support between post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and QOL in Shidu parents.

What are the implications for practice?

The results found that further social support should be provided as a long‐term mental health intervention strategy to promote QOL in Shidu parents suffering from PTSD.

The research may provide information to assist psychologists in post‐disaster mental health interventions with Shidu parents and to inspire decision makers who work with similar groups in other countries.

AbstractIntroductionBecause of the one‐child policy in force in China from 1979 to 2015, most parents were only allowed to have a single child. Of all the Sichuan earthquake victims, there was a special group called the Shidu parents who lost their only child in the earthquake.AimThe aim of this study was to identify the related risk factors for the Shidu parents' quality of life (QOL) and to examine the role of social support as a moderator between post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and QOL in Shidu parents.MethodA cross‐sectional sample survey was conducted to collect data from 10 heavily damaged counties in Sichuan province (n = 176).DiscussionPTSD was found to be negatively associated with the Shidu parents' QOL, and social support had a major effect on moderating the association between the PTSD and QOL in Shidu parents.Implications for practiceDeveloping suitable social support could be considered a key part of psychological intervention strategies to promote QOL in Shidu parents suffering from PTSD. This study could provide decision support for mental health professionals (e.g. nurses and psychiatrists) working on mental crisis interventions with Shidu parents.
Influence of harvesting site on chemical composition and potential protein value of Acacia erioloba, A. nilotica and Ziziphus mucronata leaves for ruminants
Authors: Mnisi C. M. , Mlambo V. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition, buffer N solubility, in vitro ruminal N degradation and in vitro ruminal biological activity of condensed tannins in Acacia erioloba, Acacia nilotica and Ziziphus mucronata leaves harvested from two sites (Masuthle communal grazing land and Molelwane private farm). Leaves were harvested, dried at 60 °C and milled. The highest crude protein (CP) content was found in leaves of Z. mucronata (177.7 g/kg DM). Leaves harvested from Masuthle had higher (p < 0.05) soluble phenolics (SPh) (44.6 g TAE/kg DM) compared to those harvested from Molelwane (29.8 g TAE/kg DM). In both Molelwane and Masuthle, leaves of A. nilotica had higher levels of condensed tannins (CT) (0.76 AU550/200 mg and 0.52 AU550/200 mg respectively) followed by A. erioloba and Z. mucronata, which did not differ (p > 0.05). Nitrogen degradability at 24 h was the same (p > 0.05) for all tree species but not at 12 and 36 h. No linear association (p > 0.05) was found between buffer‐soluble N and in vitro ruminal N degradability in leaves with high SPh content. The largest polyethylene glycol (PEG) effect was in leaves of A. nilotica (448%) harvested from Masuthle after 36 h of incubation. Ziziphus mucronata leaves harvested from Molelwane had the least PEG effect at 48 h. There was no linear association (p > 0.05) between PEG effect and SPh for all incubation periods, but a positive relationship was observed between PEG effect and condensed tannins content. There was no linear association between solubility index (SI) and in vitro ruminal N degradability for tannin‐rich leaves. It was concluded that higher browsing pressure in Masuthle communal rangeland resulted in leaves with higher levels of condensed tannins, which had higher in vitro ruminal biological activity, compared to those harvested from Molelwane.
Zoning‐Based Vertical Transportation Optimization for Workers at Peak Time in a Skyscraper Construction
Authors: Koo Choongwan , Hong Taehoon , Yoon Jaeseong , Jeong Kwangbok 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn a skyscraper construction, a great number of workers and materials must be vertically transported to the proper positions depending on their roles. Particularly, the optimal vertical transportation logistics of lift cars for workers at peak time should be established to enhance the entire project performance in a skyscraper construction. For achieving this objective, the zoning‐based concept can be introduced to improve the effectiveness of the vertical transportation logistics of lift cars for workers at peak time in a skyscraper construction. In developing the zoning‐based vertical transportation logistics, it is necessary to consider the minimization of the electricity consumption as an environmental index as well as the minimization of the operating time and the maximization of the cost effectiveness. Therefore, this study aims to develop a multi‐objective optimization model for solving the time–cost–environment trade‐off problem in establishing the zoning‐based vertical transportation logistics of lift cars for workers at peak time in a skyscraper construction.
Parent's perception of their children's health, quality of life and burden of diabetes: testing reliability and validity of ‘Check your Health’ by proxy
Authors: Brorsson Anna Lena , Lindholm Olinder Anna , Wikblad Karin , Viklund Gunnel 
Published: July 2016

AimTo test the validity and reliability of the ‘Check your Health by proxy’ instrument in parents to children with diabetes aged 8–17 years.MethodsOne hundred and ninety‐one caregivers and their children, aged 8–17 years, were included. All completed the ‘Check your Health’ questionnaire measuring quality of life and burden of diabetes, DISABKIDS self‐ or proxy version, and 45 completed the same questionnaires 2 weeks later.ResultsTest–retest reliability on the ‘Check your Health’ questionnaire by proxy was moderate to strong (r = 0.48–0.74), p < 0.002). Convergent validity was weak to moderate (r = 0.15–0.49, p < 0.05). The instrument showed acceptable discriminant validity. Parents reported lower scores than the children on emotional health and social relations and higher scores on physical and emotional burden and higher burden on quality of life. Poorer social relationships and quality of life were associated with higher reported disease severity. The diabetes burden domain of the questionnaire correlated to perceived severity of diabetes and to perceived health. Discriminant validity showed that poorer social relationships and quality of life were associated with higher severity of the disease. The diabetes burden domain of ‘Check your Health’ by proxy showed discriminant validity on perceived severity of diabetes.ConclusionsThe instrument ‘Check your Health’ by proxy showed acceptable psychometric characteristics in parents to young people (8–17 years of age) with diabetes. We also concluded that parents reported that their children had lower health and higher burden of diabetes than the children did, and it correlated to reported disease severity.
Stylistic Fronting as Remnant Movement
Authors: Ott Dennis 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a novel analysis of Stylistic Fronting (SF) in Icelandic. It is argued that SF is not a head‐movement operation, but rather phrasal movement to subject position. Typically, however, independent factors require evacuation movements prior to raising, in which case the fronted phrase moves as a remnant category. It is shown that this approach can account for a variety of otherwise puzzling properties of SF.
Is Soleus Muscle-Tendon-Unit Behavior Related to Ground-Force Application During the Sprint Start?
Authors: Schrödter Erik , Brüggemann Gert-Peter , Willwacher Steffen 
Published: July 2016

Purpose:To describe the stretch-shortening behavior of ankle plantar-flexing muscle–tendon units (MTUs) during the push-off in a sprint start.Methods:Fifty-four male (100-m personal best: 9.58–12.07 s) and 34 female (100-m personal best: 11.05–14.00 s) sprinters were analyzed using an instrumented starting block and 2-dimensional high-speed video imaging. Analysis was performed separately for front and rear legs, while accounting for block obliquities and performance levels.Results:The results showed clear signs of a dorsiflexion in the upper ankle joint (front block 15.8° ± 7.4°, 95% CI 13.2–18.2°; rear block 8.0° ± 5.7°, 95% CI 6.4–9.7°) preceding plantar flexion. When observed in their natural block settings, the athletes’ block obliquity did not significantly affect push-off characteristics. It seems that the stretch-shortening-cycle-like motion of the soleus MTU has an enhancing influence on push-off force generation.Conclusion:This study provides the first systematic observation of ankle-joint stretch-shortening behavior for sprinters of a wide range of performance levels. The findings highlight the importance of reactive-type training for the improvement of starting performance. Nonetheless, future studies need to resolve the independent contributions of tendinous and muscle-fascicle structures to overall MTU performance.
Paediatric suicide in the USA: analysis of the National Child Death Case Reporting System
Authors: Trigylidas Theodore E , Reynolds Eliza M , Teshome Getachew , Dykstra Heather K , Lichenstein Richard 
Published: July 2016

ImportanceSuicide is a leading cause of death among youths. The relationship between mental health, psychosocial factors and youth suicidality needs further analysis.ObjectiveTo describe paediatric suicide in the USA and the impact of mental health and substance abuse using the National Child Death Review Case Reporting System (CDR-CRS). To identify psychosocial correlates contributing to suicide and whether these factors are more common among individuals with history of mental illness or substance abuse.DesignDeidentified data (CDR-CRS) from 2004 to 2012 was obtained from 29 participating states. Demographic data and psychosocial correlates, including age, gender, cause of death, history of mental illness and/or substance abuse, school concerns, previous suicide attempts and family history of suicide, were collected.ResultsA total of 2850 suicides were identified. Mean age was 15.6±1.9 years; (range 7–21 years) 73.6% male and 65.1% Caucasian. The leading causes of death were asphyxia (50.2%) and weapon/firearm (36.5%). Among all subjects, 25.5% had history of mental illness and 19.0% had history of substance abuse. 60.0% had no report of mental illness or substance abuse. Subjects with both mental illness and substance abuse were more likely to have school concerns (OR=4.1 (p<0.001)), previous suicide attempts (OR=4.2 (p<0.001)) and a family history of suicide (OR=3.2 (p<0.001)) compared with subjects without those characteristics.ConclusionsMost suicide records in the CDR-CRS had no indication of mental illness or substance abuse. The youth with mental-illness/substance-abuse issues were more likely to have other compounding psychosocial correlates that may be warning signs of suicide.
Cardiovascular Consequences of Prostanoid I Receptor Deletion in Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1–Deficient Hyperlipidemic Mice
Authors: Tang Soon Yew , Monslow James , R. Grant Gregory , Todd Leslie , Pawelzik Sven-Christian , Chen Lihong , Lawson John , Puré Ellen , FitzGerald Garret A. 
Published: July 2016

Background:

Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 alleviate pain and reduce fever and inflammation by suppressing the biosynthesis of prostacyclin (PGI
2
) and prostaglandin E
2
. However, suppression of these prostaglandins, particularly PGI
2
, by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition or deletion of its I prostanoid receptor also predisposes to accelerated atherogenesis and thrombosis in mice. By contrast, deletion of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) confers analgesia, attenuates atherogenesis, and fails to accelerate thrombogenesis, while suppressing prostaglandin E
2
, but increasing biosynthesis of PGI
2
.

Methods:

To address the cardioprotective contribution of PGI
2
, we generated mice lacking the I prostanoid receptor together with mPges-1 on a hyperlipidemic background (low-density lipoprotein receptor knockouts).

Results:
mPges-1 depletion modestly increased thrombogenesis, but this response was markedly further augmented by coincident deletion of the I prostanoid receptor (n=10–18). By contrast, deletion of the I prostanoid receptor had no effect on the attenuation of atherogenesis by mPGES-1 deletion in the low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice (n=17–21).

Conclusions:

Although suppression of prostaglandin E
2
accounts for the protective effect of mPGES-1 deletion in atherosclerosis, augmentation of PGI
2
is the dominant contributor to its favorable thrombogenic profile. The divergent effects on these prostaglandins suggest that inhibitors of mPGES-1 may be less likely to cause cardiovascular adverse effects than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs specific for inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2.