bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of different diagnostic protocols for the detection of Toxocara spp. in faecal samples of cats and dogs
Authors: Winterfeld Deliah Tamsyn , Schauer Birgit , Globokar Majda , Pantchev Nikola , Mouchantat Susan , Conraths Franz Josef , Kampen Helge , Dups-Bergmann Johanna , Schares Gereon , Maksimov Pavlo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati are parasitic nematodes that occur worldwide. As embryonated Toxocara spp. eggs in the environment pose a zoonotic risk, especially for children, optimal diagnostic approaches are necessary for effective disease response and management, including surveillance. However, little is known about the performance of different diagnostic protocols for detecting Toxocara spp. in the faeces of cats and dogs, hampering movement towards an optimal diagnostic process. This study aimed to compare detection methods, including a newly developed sequential sieving protocol (SF-SSV) and a high-throughput multiplex qPCR-based method to facilitate epidemiological studies.

Methods
Species-specific Toxocara spp. egg suspensions and canine and feline faecal samples from the field were used to estimate analytical and diagnostic sensitivity of the protocols. The performance of two automated DNA extraction protocols using enzymatic and mechanical lysis were compared by multiplex qPCR, targeting both T. canis and T. cati-specific genomic sequences. All samples were examined by microscopy-based techniques, the sedimentation flotation technique (SF) and a newly developed SF-SSV for the detection, enrichment and purification of parasite eggs. The costs and processing times necessary for all protocols were estimated and compared for both single samples and sets of 100 samples.

Results
To detect Toxocara spp. eggs, SF-SSV showed the highest analytical sensitivity and a significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity than the DNA detection methods. Mechanical lysis performed better than enzymatic lysis for automated DNA extraction. In automated DNA extraction, 96-well plates performed better than 24-well plates. DNA detection and microscopy-based parasitological methods showed substantial agreement between the results generated by each method. Microscopy-based techniques required the lowest costs and least hands-on time for a single sample. However, when costs and labour were estimated for a set of 100 samples, the DNA detection protocol using 96-well plates for extraction revealed costs similar to SF-SSV and the fastest processing times.

Conclusions
SF-SSV was superior in terms of analytical and diagnostic sensitivity for the detection of Toxocara spp. eggs. For larger sets of samples, multiplex qPCR-based DNA detection represents an alternative to microscopy-based methods, based on the possibility of faster sample processing at similar costs to SF-SSV, and the ability to provide species-specific diagnoses.

Graphical Abstract
Crime radiation theory: the co-production of crime patterns through opportunity creation and exploitation
Authors: Linning Shannon J. , Bowers Kate , Eck John E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractConsiderable research shows that crime is concentrated at a few proprietary places: addresses and facilities. Emerging research suggests that proprietary places may radiate crime: activities at a place increase the risk of crime in the area around it. Weaknesses in the research create uncertainty about radiation, so we need more rigorous research. To conduct this research, we need a theory of crime radiation that operates at two spatial levels: the proprietary place and the area. This paper describes such a theory. Our theory states that crime radiation stems from the interaction between place management decisions at the place and offenders searching for opportunities in the area. Place managers create crime opportunities inside and outside their places. Offenders exploit place managers’ creations by deliberately searching for opportunities or by chancing upon the opportunities. The ways place managers and offenders interact gives rise to three types of crime radiation: hot dot, veiled dot, and cold dot. Finally, we propose questions crime scientists should answer to better understand crime radiation.
Unraveling the glycosphingolipid metabolism by leveraging transcriptome-weighted network analysis on neuroblastic tumors
Authors: Ustjanzew Arsenij , Nedwed Annekathrin Silvia , Sandhoff Roger , Faber Jörg , Marini Federico , Paret Claudia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are membrane lipids composed of a ceramide backbone linked to a glycan moiety. Ganglioside biosynthesis is a part of the GSL metabolism, which involves sequential reactions catalyzed by specific enzymes that in part have a poor substrate specificity. GSLs are deregulated in cancer, thus playing a role as potential biomarkers for personalized therapy or subtype classification. However, the analysis of GSL profiles is complex and requires dedicated technologies, that are currently not included in the commonly utilized high-throughput assays adopted in contexts such as molecular tumor boards.

Methods
In this study, we developed a method to discriminate the enzyme activity among the four series of the ganglioside metabolism pathway by incorporating transcriptome data and topological information of the metabolic network. We introduced three adjustment options for reaction activity scores (RAS) and demonstrated their application in both exploratory and comparative analyses by applying the method on neuroblastic tumors (NTs), encompassing neuroblastoma (NB), ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB), and ganglioneuroma (GN). Furthermore, we interpreted the results in the context of earlier published GSL measurements in the same tumors.

Results
By adjusting RAS values using a weighting scheme based on network topology and transition probabilities (TPs), the individual series of ganglioside metabolism can be differentiated, enabling a refined analysis of the GSL profile in NT entities. Notably, the adjustment method we propose reveals the differential engagement of the ganglioside series between NB and GNB. Moreover, MYCN gene expression, a well-known prognostic marker in NTs, appears to correlate with the expression of therapeutically relevant gangliosides, such as GD2. Using unsupervised learning, we identified subclusters within NB based on altered GSL metabolism.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates the utility of adjusting RAS values in discriminating ganglioside metabolism subtypes, highlighting the potential for identifying novel cancer subgroups based on sphingolipid profiles. These findings contribute to a better understanding of ganglioside dysregulation in NT and may have implications for stratification and targeted therapeutic strategies in these tumors and other tumor entities with a deregulated GSL metabolism.
Enhancing late postmortem interval prediction: a pilot study integrating proteomics and machine learning to distinguish human bone remains over 15 years
Authors: Garcés-Parra Camila , Saldivia Pablo , Hernández Mauricio , Uribe Elena , Román Juan , Torrejón Marcela , Gutiérrez José L. , Cabrera-Vives Guillermo , García-Robles María de los Ángeles , Aguilar William , Soto Miguel , Tarifeño-Saldivia Estefanía 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Determining the postmortem interval (PMI) accurately remains a significant challenge in forensic sciences, especially for intervals greater than 5 years (late PMI). Traditional methods often fail due to the extensive degradation of soft tissues, necessitating reliance on bone material examinations. The precision in estimating PMIs diminishes with time, particularly for intervals between 1 and 5 years, dropping to about 50% accuracy. This study aims to address this issue by identifying key protein biomarkers through proteomics and machine learning, ultimately enhancing the accuracy of PMI estimation for intervals exceeding 15 years.

Methods
Proteomic analysis was conducted using LC–MS/MS on skeletal remains, specifically focusing on the tibia and ribs. Protein identification was performed using two strategies: a tryptic-specific search and a semitryptic search, the latter being particularly beneficial in cases of natural protein degradation. The Random Forest algorithm was used to model protein abundance data, enabling the prediction of PMI. A thorough screening process, combining importance scores and SHAP values, was employed to identify the most informative proteins for model’s training and accuracy.

Results
A minimal set of three biomarkers—K1C13, PGS1, and CO3A1—was identified, significantly improving the prediction accuracy between PMIs of 15 and 20 years. The model, based on protein abundance data from semitryptic peptides in tibia samples, achieved sustained 100% accuracy across 100 iterations. In contrast, non-supervised methods like PCA and MCA did not yield comparable results. Additionally, the use of semitryptic peptides outperformed tryptic peptides, particularly in tibia proteomes, suggesting their potential reliability in late PMI prediction.

Conclusions
Despite limitations such as sample size and PMI range, this study demonstrates the feasibility of combining proteomics and machine learning for accurate late PMI predictions. Future research should focus on broader PMI ranges and various bone types to further refine and standardize forensic proteomic methodologies for PMI estimation.
Correlation between marginal bone loss around dental implants and various systemic diseases: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Carlos Alicia , Ziada Hassan , Abubakr Neamat Hassan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Diminished bone levels or the lack of osseointegration can lead to higher rates of failure of dental implants. The present study is aimed to evaluate the correlation between hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, on the marginal bone loss (MBL) surrounding dental implants among patients attending the University of Nevada, Las Vegas dental clinics.

Methods
Clinical notes from patients at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) dental clinics were analyzed using AxiUm™ software. The study included patients with dental implants diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia who attended the UNLV School of Dental Medicine clinics from 2012 to 2022. Exclusions were made for patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and those with a limited number of radiographs. A search was conducted using keywords such as ‘systemic disease,’ ‘marginal bone loss,’ ‘dental implant,’ ‘high cholesterol,’ ‘hypertension,’ and ‘diabetes’ within the system.

Results
Out of 1,310 potentially eligible patients, 57 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The total number of evaluated implants was 165. 18% of the sample patients were 55 to 64 years of age, and 79% were 65 or above. 45.6% of patients reported having more than four systemic diseases and 67% of patients had four or more prescription medications. Patients diagnosed with hypertension (78.95%) or hyperlipidemia (73.68%) had the highest presence of marginal bone loss surrounding the dental implant(s) while those with diabetes (40.35%) had the least amount of MBL. Patients diagnosed with both hypertension and hyperlipidemia (29.82%) experienced the highest incidence of MBL around implants. The medications prescribed to combat these health issues, such as statins and antihypertensive, also showed the same trends and corresponded with a higher prevalence of MBL.

Conclusions
Within the limitations of the present investigation, patients diagnosed with hyperlipidemia and hypertension were more likely to exhibit MBL surrounding dental implants.
Heterogeneity of Gestational Diabetes and Risk for Adverse Pregnancy Outcome: A Cohort Study
Authors: Gong Yixin , Wang Qunhua , Chen Suyu , Liu Yujie , Li Chenghua , Kang Rong , Wang Jing , Wei Tian , Wang Qin , Li Xianming , Luo Sihui , Weng Jianping , Zheng Xueying , Ding Yu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context
Diabetes is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous disease, with clinical characteristics and outcome risks varying across different phenotypes. Evidence on heterogeneity of gestational diabetes (GDM) is yet to be provided.

Objective
To investigate the insulin physiology and pregnancy outcomes of GDM phenotypes characterized by fasting hyperglycemia or postload hyperglycemia.

Methods
A total of 2050 women who underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were prospectively recruited and followed until delivery. Women were categorized into normoglycemia (NGT, n = 936), isolated impaired fasting glucose (gestational-IFG, n = 378), and isolated impaired postload glucose tolerance (gestational-IGT, n = 736) groups. Fasting blood samples at mid-pregnancy were collected to measure C-peptide and insulin concentrations. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were used to evaluate insulin physiology. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were recorded.

Results
Gestational-IFG had greater insulin resistance (HOMA-IR 3.11 vs 2.25, QUICKI-C-peptide 0.94 vs 1.03, both P &lt; .01), and gestational-IGT had worse β-cell function (C-peptide 2.00 vs 2.26 ng/mL, P &lt; .05), when compared to one another. Gestational-IFG was more strongly associated with excessive gestational weight gain (risk ratio [RR] 1.62; 95% CI, 1.18-2.23) and large-for-gestational-age infants (RR 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03-2.03) than gestational-IGT. The risk for neonatal brain injury was increased in gestational-IGT (RR 2.03; 95% CI, 1.04-4.09), but not in gestational-IFG (P = .439). Gestational-IGT showed a stronger association with the risk of preterm birth compared to gestational-IFG (RR 1.80; 95% CI, 1.02-3.36).

Conclusion
GDM exhibits distinct insulin physiology profiles. Pregnancy outcome varies between each phenotype. These findings provide evidence on risk stratification and diverse strategies for the treatment of GDM.
Giant Pheochromocytoma Resection Using Partial Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Blood Purification Therapy
Authors: Otsuka Hiroyuki , Tayama Eiki , Uemura Keiichiro , Furusaka Hiro , Hisaka Toru , Igawa Tsukasa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A 44-year-old man was diagnosed with a giant pheochromocytoma in the right retroperitoneal cavity following treatment for heart failure. Subsequent to improvement in cardiac function, the patient underwent a laparotomy to excise the tumor. Due to its considerable size, partial cardiopulmonary bypass and blood purification therapy were initiated to stabilize hemodynamics during the surgical intervention. Herein, we present the utilization of partial cardiopulmonary bypass and blood purification in the resection of a giant pheochromocytoma in a patient with a history of heart failure, which proved beneficial in ensuring hemodynamic stability.
Time-Dependent Association of Preinjury Anticoagulation on Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Coagulopathy: A Retrospective, Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Matsuo Kazuya , Aihara Hideo , Suehiro Eiichi , Shiomi Naoto , Yatsushige Hiroshi , Hirota Shin , Hasegawa Shu , Karibe Hiroshi , Miyata Akihiro , Kawakita Kenya , Haji Kohei , Yokobori Shoji , Inaji Motoki , Maeda Takeshi , Onuki Takahiro , Oshio Kotaro , Komoribayashi Nobukazu , Suzuki Michiyasu 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The impact of preinjury anticoagulation on coagulation parameters over time after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has remained unclear. Based on the hypothesis that preinjury anticoagulation significantly influences the progression and persistence of TBI-induced coagulopathy, we retrospectively examined the association of preinjury anticoagulation with various coagulation parameters during the first 24 hours postinjury in 5 periods.

METHODS:
Data from the Japanese registry of patients with TBI aged ≥65 years admitted between 2019 and 2021 were used. Time since injury was classified into 5 categories through a graphical analysis of coagulation parameters. We examined the association between preinjury anticoagulation and the platelet count, prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D-dimer level, and fibrinogen level during each period by analysis of covariance using 10 clinical factors as confounding factors.

RESULTS:
Data from 545 patients and 795 blood tests were analyzed. The patients' mean age was 78.9 years, and 87 (16%) received anticoagulation therapy. The preinjury anticoagulation group had significantly greater Rotterdam computed tomography scores and poorer outcomes at discharge than the control group, with significantly lower D-dimer levels and higher fibrinogen levels. Analysis of covariance revealed significant associations between the D-dimer level and preinjury anticoagulation within 2 to 24 hours postinjury, APTT and preinjury anticoagulation within 1 to 24 hours, and PT-INR and preinjury anticoagulation throughout all periods up to 24 hours postinjury.

CONCLUSION:
Despite more severe TBI signs and poorer outcomes, the preinjury anticoagulation group had significantly lower D-dimer levels, especially within 2 to 24 hours postinjury. Thus, D-dimer levels during this period may not reliably represent TBI severity in patients receiving anticoagulation therapy before injury. Preinjury anticoagulation was also associated with an elevated PT-INR and prolonged APTT from early to 24 hours postinjury, highlighting the importance of aggressive anticoagulant reversal early after injury.
Could Auto Dealers Benefit from Vertical Media Platforms’ Encroachment?
Authors: Ye Fei , Li Wenzhuo , Chen Ying-Ju , Liang Lunhai , Jiang Shuaijie 
Published: October 2024

Generating sales leads for auto dealers is the core business to auto vertical media platforms (VMPs). However, in recent years, many auto VMPs have started directly selling vehicles to consumers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the primary purpose of auto VMPs’ business-to-consumer (B2C) endeavors is not solely B2C profitability, but rather the acquisition of sales data to calculate the leads-to-sales conversion ratio. This ratio is crucial in determining the pricing strategy for sales leads. To understand this, we consider an asymmetric information game in which the auto dealer possesses information about the leads-to-sales conversion ratio, whereas the VMP does not. We find that, when the VMP solely focuses on profiting from the sales lead business, if the market potential is large, the auto dealer prefers the cost-per-lead scheme, whereas the VMP always tends to the cost-per-sale scheme. However, when the VMP encroaches on the consumer market as a reseller, this divergence in contract-type preference can potentially be resolved. We recognize that VMPs need to conduct a comprehensive assessment of factors such as market potential, fixed cost related to market encroachment, and the correlation between market uncertainty and leads-to-sales conversion ratio when encroachment. Moreover, the encroachment of the VMP has the potential to create a win–win outcome. It is essential to highlight that engaging in B2C business enables the VMP to expand its market sample, thereby enhancing the value of leveraging information technology to optimize the leads-to-sales ratio and achieve superior performance. Funding: This work is partly supported by the Major program of the National Social Science Foundation of China [Grant 22&ZD082], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72321001, 72371104, 72071080], and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation, China [Grants 2023A1515012529, 2023A1515012435, 2024A1515010940].
A unique case of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae invasive syndrome with endogenous endophthalmitis and left renal vein thrombosis without liver abscess
Authors: Talal Saeed Ghazal , Nabeeh Al Smady Montaser , Awatramani Gunjan , Alqasimi Hessa , Amaan Khokar Mohammed , Awad Mohamed , Hafidh Khadija 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: This case report presents a rare instance of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae invasive syndrome (KPIS) without hepatic involvement. It highlights an atypical presentation as this syndrome is characterized by liver abscesses. Case Presentation: A 54-year-old female of South Asian descent presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting. Lab investigations showed hyperglycaemia, leukocytosis, and elevated procalcitonin. Imaging revealed bilateral acute pyelonephritis with early abscess formation in the left kidney, bilateral pleural effusions, diffuse multi-lobar consolidations, minimal ascites, and left renal vein thrombosis. The patient was treated as a case of septic shock secondary to hypervirulent K. pneumoniae with complications evolving into acute pyelonephritis and endogenous endophthalmitis. K. pneumoniae, known for its polysaccharide capsule, can lead to severe complications in immunocompromised patients, such as endogenous endophthalmitis, liver abscess, and pyelonephritis. Endophthalmitis, a critical ocular emergency, can result in permanent vision loss. The patient’s ocular outcomes remain uncertain due to a lack of follow-up, but prompt interdisciplinary intervention led to the resolution of other comorbidities. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering hypervirulent K. pneumoniae as a cause of severe infection without liver abscess. It also underscores the importance of immediate multidisciplinary management to address the systemic complications associated with this infection and the importance of connecting different symptoms to one aetiology.
FABULAÇÕES E CURRÍCULOS NOS USOS DE ‘IMAGENSSONSSENTIMENTOS’ NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Toja Noale de Oliveira 
Published: October 2024

As fabulações na formação de professores, nos convida a criar diferentes manifestações curriculares que envolvem, imagens, sons e sentimentos. Os usos das narrativas cinematográficas, estimulam ‘conversas’ acerca dos diferentes ‘dentrofora’ das escolas, nas múltiplas redes educativas que formamos e nas quais nos formam. Como é criar fabulações com os usos de celulares, câmera, microfones, papelões, lãs, tecidos, como dispositivos e linguagens? Como ressignificar o currículo, quando os movimentos migratórios e a comida são artefatos, objetos, conversas, que irão destemperar o receituário e a prescrição do ‘fazersaber’ professora? Estas são inquietações que este ensaio traz a partir das experiências com o trabalho realizado no componente curricular, chamado PPP (Pesquisa e Prática Pedagógica), no curso de formação de professores, tensionando o sentir de outras sensações nos ‘fazeressaberes’ educativos. Nesse processo, dois vídeos foram criados, um deles traz a comida como expressão dos afetos. Sentar em torno da mesa, tomar um café da tarde, ou no meio da noite compartilhar as receitas de cuscuz e munguzá é abrir o corpo ao sentir, ouvir, cheirar, olhar e falar em torno dos processos e acontecimentos com as ideias que temos de ‘sermos professoras e professores’ e suas possibilidades de diferentes fabulações com os estudantes presentes nas turmas nas quais atuamos.