bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) & IL-4 gene polymorphisms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) & their association with susceptibility to SLE
Authors: Mohammadoo-khorasani Milad , Salimi Saeedeh , Tabatabai Ehsan , Sandoughi Mahnaz , Zakeri Zahra , Farajian-Mashhadi Farzaneh 
Published: August 2016

Background & objectives:
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines that plays a main role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) as an anti-inflammatory cytokine regulates balance between Th1 and Th2 immune responses. This study was undertaken to investigate the IL-1β and IL-4 genes polymorphisms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and also association between the polymorphisms and susceptibility to SLE.

Methods:
One hundred and sixty three SLE patients and 180 healthy controls were genotyped for the IL-4 VNTR (variable number tandem repeat), IL-1β C-511T and IL-1β T-31C polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) method.

Results:
The frequencies of CC genotype and C allele of the IL-1β T-31C polymorphism were significantly (P<0.01) lower in SLE patients than controls. Moreover, the frequencies of RP1/RP2 genotype and RP2 allele of IL-4 VNTR polymorphism were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the SLE patients. No association was observed between IL-1β C-511T polymorphism and increased risk of SLE. We observed increased frequency of CT and TT genotypes of IL-1β C-511T polymorphism in SLE patients with malar rash compared to SLE patients without this manifestation.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The present findings suggest that IL-1β T-31C and IL-4 VNTR polymorphisms but not IL-1β C-511T polymorphism may contribute in SLE pathogenesis. In addition, CT and TT genotypes of IL-1β C-511T polymorphism were associated with SLE.
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene abnormalities in Indian males with congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens & renal anomalies
Authors: Gajbhiye Rahul , Kadam Kaushiki , Khole Aalok , Gaikwad Avinash , Kadam Seema , Shah Rupin , Kumaraswamy Rangaswamy , Khole Vrinda 
Published: August 2016

Background & objectives:
The role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations in congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens and unilateral renal agenesis (CBAVD-URA) has been controversial. Here, we report the cases of five Indian males with CBAVD-URA. The objective was to evaluate the presence or absence of CFTR gene mutations and variants in CBAVD-URA. The female partners of these males were also screened for cystic fibrosis (CF) carrier status.

Methods:
Direct DNA sequencing of CFTR gene was carried out in five Indian infertile males having CBAVD-URA. Female partners (n=5) and healthy controls (n=32) were also screened.

Results:
Three potential regulatory CFTR gene variants (c.1540A>G, c.2694T>G and c.4521G>A) were detected along with IVS8-5T mutation in three infertile males with CBAVD-URA. Five novel CFTR gene variants (c.621+91A>G, c.2752+106A>T, c.2751+85_88delTA, c.3120+529InsC and c.4375-69C>T), four potential regulatory CFTR gene variants (M470V, T854T, P1290P, Q1463Q) and seven previously reported CFTR gene variants (c.196+12T>C, c.875+40A>G, c.3041-71G>C, c.3271+42A>T, c.3272-93T>C, c.3500-140A>C and c.3601-65C>A) were detected in infertile men having CBAVD and renal anomalies

Interpretation & conclusions:
Based on our findings, we speculate that CBAVD-URA may also be attributed to CFTR gene mutations and can be considered as CFTR-related disorder (CFTR-RD). The CFTR gene mutation screening may be offered to CBAVD-URA men and their female partners undergoing ICSI. Further studies need to be done in a large sample to confirm the findings.
El nombre de la marca corporativa. Una taxonomía de los nombres de empresa familiar en España
Authors: Pinillos Laffón Alberto , Olivares Delgado Fernando , Rodríguez Valero Daniel 
Published: August 2016

En nuestro trabajo realizamos una revisión crítica de la literatura en torno al nombre de marca. Efectuamos una aproximación categorial a los criterios habituales para establecer nombres de marca y proponemos una taxonomía nueva en torno al criterio patronímico. Metodología: A partir de una muestra de nombres comerciales de empresas familiares españolas, con el planteamiento de variables y subvariables, referidas a criterios denominativos y a rasgos característicos de la empresa, formulamos nuevas categorías denominativas a partir de hibridar las comúnmente establecidas. Resultados: Una original taxonomía de patronímicos, a partir del análisis de los nombres comerciales de empresas familiares, lo cual representa un avance en los procesos de investigación, tanto académica como aplicada, en torno al naming corporativo.
Patterns of carbon processing at the seafloor: the role of faunal and
microbial communities in moderating carbon flows
Authors: Woulds Clare , Bouillon Steven , Cowie Gregory L. , Drake Emily , Middelburg Jack J. , Witte Ursula 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Marine sediments, particularly those located in estuarine and coastal zones, are key locations for the burial of organic carbon (C). However, organic C delivered to the sediment is subjected to a range of biological C-cycling processes, the rates and relative importance of which vary markedly between sites, and which are thus difficult to predict. In this study, stable isotope tracer experiments were used to quantify the processing of C by microbial and faunal communities in two contrasting Scottish estuarine sites: a subtidal, organic C rich site in Loch Etive with cohesive fine-grained sediment, and an intertidal, organic C poor site on an Ythan estuary sand flat with coarse-grained permeable sediments. In both experiments, sediment cores were recovered and amended with 13C labelled phytodetritus to quantify whole community respiration of the added C and to trace the isotope label into faunal and bacterial biomass. Similar respiration rates were found in Loch Etive and on the Ythan sand flat (0.64 ± 0.04 and 0.63 ± 0.12 mg C m−2h−1, respectively), which we attribute to the experiments being conducted at the same temperature. Faunal uptake of added C over the whole experiment was markedly greater in Loch Etive (204 ± 72 mg C m−2) than on the Ythan sand flat (0.96 ± 0.3 mg C m−2), and this difference was driven by a difference in both faunal biomass and activity. Conversely, bacterial C uptake over the whole experiment in Loch Etive was much lower than that on the Ythan sand flat (1.80 ± 1.66 and 127 ± 89 mg C m−2, respectively). This was not driven by differences in biomass, indicating that the bacterial community in the permeable Ythan sediments was particularly active, being responsible for 48 ± 18 % of total biologically processed C. This type of biological C processing appears to be favoured in permeable sediments. The total amount of biologically processed C was greatest in Loch Etive, largely due to greater faunal C uptake, which was in turn a result of higher faunal biomass. When comparing results from this study with a wide range of previously published isotope tracing experiments, we found a strong correlation between total benthic biomass (fauna plus bacteria) and total biological C processing rates. Therefore, we suggest that the total C-cycling capacity of benthic environments is primarily determined by total biomass.
The Event That We Are: Ontology, Rhetorical Agency, and Alain Badiou
Authors: Daniel James Rushing 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAs scholars have recently suggested, rhetoric has long been remiss when it comes to nondiscursive concerns beyond its traditional purview. While many have sought to broaden rhetoric's scope, no one has yet undertaken a nondiscursive rhetorical investigation of social change in an effort to reconcile the tension between a critique of agency and the perception of human responsibility. This article undertakes such a critique through Alain Badiou's concept of the event, a concept that, I contend, offers the discipline a means of rethinking the opposition between relativism and flat ontology. Analyzing the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi through the frame of the event, I regard Bouazizi's act as an ontic occurrence exerting influence over protestors across the Arab world while demanding collective recognition to emerge as an event.
A Caliphate of Culture? ISIS's Rhetorical Power
Authors: Salazar Philippe-Joseph 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
When, on 4 July 2014, the leader of the Islamic State, Abu Bakr Al Baghdadi, preached in the venerable mosque of Mosul the restoration of the caliphate, his homily ushered in far more than a new phase in jihadist warfare against Western values. His oratory launched on the world scene a new culture that instantly began to shape, solidify, and even sublimate the caliphate as the most arresting rhetorical performance of radical and militant Islam.
However, despite this self-proclamation, political commentators failed to accurately size up the emerging culture of the new caliphate, and we find ourselves faced now with an alternative, global culture that draws irresistibly more and more converts and partisans into its orbit. The most perilous form of underestimating adversaries is to reduce their cultural complexity to a few, unreflective clichés, a telling sign of our own cultural illiteracy.
A Novel Method of Quantifying Gait Deviations Using Plantar Pressure Patterns
Authors: Deschamps Kevin , Staes Filip , Desmet Dirk , Roosen Philip , Matricali Giovanni Arnoldo , Keijsers Noel , Nobels Frank , Tits Jos , Bruyninckx Herman 
Published: August 2016

Background: Comparing the dynamic pedobarographic patterns of individuals is common practice in basic and applied research. However, this process is often time-consuming and complex, and commercially available software often lacks powerful visualization and interpretation tools.
Methods: We propose a simple method for displaying pixel-level pedobarographic deviations over time relative to a so-called reference pedobarographic pattern. This novel method contains four distinct automated preprocessing stages: 1) normalization of pedobarographic fields (for foot length and width), 2) temporal normalization, 3) a pixel-level z-score–based calculation, and 4) color coding of the normalized pedobarographic fields. Group and patient-level comparisons were illustrated using an experimental data set including diabetic and nondiabetic patients.
Results: The automated procedure was found to be robust and quantified distinct temporal deviations in pedobarographic fields.
Conclusions: The advantages of the novel method cover several domains, including visualization, interpretation, and education.
Simulation of GeSn/Ge tunneling field-effect transistors for complementary logic applications
Authors: Liu Lei , Liang Renrong , Wang Jing , Xiao Lei , Xu Jun 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
GeSn/Ge tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) with different device configurations are comprehensively investigated by numerical simulation. The lateral PIN- and PNPN-type point-tunneling and vertical line-tunneling device structures are analyzed and compared. Both n- and p-type TFETs are optimized to construct GeSn complementary logic applications. Simulation results indicate that GeSn/Ge heterochannel and heterosource structures significantly improve the device characteristics of point- and line-TFETs, respectively. Device performance and subthreshold swing can be further improved by increasing the Sn composition. GeSn/Ge heterosource line-TFETs exhibit excellent device performance and superior inverter voltage-transfer characteristic, which make them promising candidates for GeSn complementary TFET applications.
Biaxial stress evaluation in GeSn film epitaxially grown on Ge substrate by oil-immersion Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Takeuchi Kazuma , Suda Kohei , Yokogawa Ryo , Usuda Koji , Sawamoto Naomi , Ogura Atsushi 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
GeSn is being paid much attention as a next-generation channel material. In this work, we performed the excitation of forbidden transverse optical (TO) phonons from strained GeSn, as well as longitudinal optical (LO) phonons, under the backscattering geometry from the (001) surface by oil-immersion Raman spectroscopy. Using the obtained LO/TO phonons, we derived the phonon deformation potentials (PDPs), which play an important role in the stress evaluation, of the strained Ge1−

x
Sn
x
for the first time. The results suggest that PDPs are almost constant for the Ge1−

x
Sn
x
(x < 0.032). Biaxial stress calculated using the derived PDPs reasonably indicated the isotropic states.
High-speed image matching with coaxial holographic optical correlator
Authors: Ikeda Kanami , Watanabe Eriko 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A computation speed of more than 100 Gbps is experimentally demonstrated using our developed ultrahigh-speed optical correlator. To verify this high computation speed practically, the computation speeds of our optical correlator and conventional digital image matching are quantitatively compared. We use a population count function that achieves the fastest calculation speed when calculating binary matching by a central processing unit (CPU). The calculation speed of the optical correlator is dramatically faster than that using a CPU (2.40 GHz × 4) and 16 GB of random access memory, especially when the calculation data are large-scale.
The detection of benzene in Saturn's upper atmosphere
Authors: Koskinen T. T. , Moses J. I. , West R. A. , Guerlet S. , Jouchoux A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe stratosphere of Saturn contains a photochemical haze that appears thicker at the poles and may originate from chemistry driven by the aurora. Models suggest that the formation of hydrocarbon haze is initiated at high altitudes by the production of benzene, which is followed by the formation of heavier ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Until now there have been no observations of hydrocarbons or photochemical haze in the production region to constrain these models. We report the first vertical profiles of benzene and constraints on haze opacity in the upper atmosphere of Saturn retrieved from Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph stellar occultations. We detect benzene at several different latitudes and find that the observed abundances of benzene can be produced by solar‐driven ion chemistry that is enhanced at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere during spring. We also detect evidence for condensation and haze at high southern latitudes in the polar night.
Shift in potential evapotranspiration and its implications for dryness/wetness over Southwest China
Authors: Sun Shanlei , Chen Haishan , Wang Guojie , Li Jinjian , Mu Mengyuan , Yan Guixia , Xu Bei , Huang Jin , Wang Jie , Zhang Fangmin , Zhu Siguang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDuring 1961–2012, the regional average annual potential evapotranspiration (PET) of Southwest China (SWC) and the four subregions (named as SR1, SR2, SR3, and SR4) showed different decreases (excluding SR3); while the breakpoint analysis suggested that PET changes (i.e., sign and magnitude) have shifted. Based on a group of sensitivity experiments with Penman‐Monteith equation and a new separating method, the contributions of each climate factor alone (i.e., net radiation, Rn; mean temperature, Tave; wind speed, Wnd; and vapor pressure deficit, Vpd) to PET changes were calculated. Results showed that declined Wnd in SR1, reduced Rn in SR2, SR4, and SWC, and increased Vpd in SR3 were responsible for the PET changes during 1961–2012. However, the determinant factor for each subregion and SWC varied in different segmented periods, which were identified using the breakpoint analysis. The impacts of PET shifts on SWC dryness/wetness (reflected by the 3 month Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration index, SPEI‐3) during 1961–2012 were then quantified. Briefly, SPEI‐3 changes in SR3, SR4, and SWC had the determinant factor of PET in the first one or two period(s), and precipitation in the last period; while they were attributed to PET (precipitation) in SR1 (SR2) for each segmented period. It is found that PET and precipitation had comparable contributions to the variations in SWC dryness/wetness. Our findings have suggested that more attentions should be paid to the impacts of PET changes and shifts in future studies of dryness/wetness or drought.
(S)‐Selectivity in Phenylacetyl Carbinol Synthesis Using the Wild‐Type Enzyme Acetoin:Dichlorophenolindophenol Oxidoreductase from Bacillus licheniformis
Authors: Giovannini Pier Paolo , Lerin Lindomar Alberto , Müller Michael , Bernacchia Giovanni , Bastiani Morena De , Catani Martina , Di Carmine Graziano , Massi Alessandro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThiamine diphosphate (ThDP)‐dependent enzymes are well known biocatalysts for the asymmetric synthesis of α‐hydroxy ketones with preferential (R)‐selectivity. Pharmaceutically relevant phenylacetyl carbinol (PAC) has been prepared with absolute (S)‐configuration only on a few occasions using enzyme variants suitably designed through rational site‐directed mutagenesis approaches. Herein, we describe the synthesis of (S)‐phenylacetyl carbinol products with extended reaction scope employing the readily available wild‐type ThDP‐dependent enzyme acetoin:dichlorophenolindophenol oxidoreductase (Ao:DCPIP OR) from Bacillus licheniformis. On a semipreparative scale, cross‐benzoin‐like condensations of methylacetoin (donor) and differently substituted benzaldehydes proceed with almost complete chemoselectivity yielding the target (S)‐1‐hydroxy‐1‐phenylpropan‐2‐one derivatives with high conversion efficiencies (up to 95%) and good enantioselectivities (up to 99%). Ao:DCPIP OR accepts hydroxy‐ and nitrobenzaldehydes and also sterically demanding substrates such as 1‐naphthaldehyde and 4‐(tert‐butyl)benzaldehyde, which are typically poor acceptors in enzymatic transformations. The explorative synthesis of (S)‐phenylpropionyl carbinol mediated by Ao:DCPIP OR via carboligation of benzaldehyde with 3,4‐hexanedione is also reported.magnified image
2,2‐Difluoro‐1,3‐diketones as gem‐Difluoroenolate Precusors for Asymmetric Aldol Addition with N‐Benzylisatins
Authors: Qian Jinlong , Yi Wenbin , Huang Xin , Jasinski Jerry P. , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2016

Abstract2,2‐Difluoro‐1,3‐diketones are introduced as gem‐difluoroenolate precursors for the first example of an organocatalytic asymmetric aldol addition with N‐benzylisatins to form 3‐difluoroalkyl‐3‐hydroxyoxindoles.magnified image
Characteristic microglial features in patients with hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids
Authors: Tada Mari , Konno Takuya , Tada Masayoshi , Tezuka Toshiyuki , Miura Takeshi , Mezaki Naomi , Okazaki Ken‐ichi , Arakawa Musashi , Itoh Kyoko , Yamamoto Toru , Yokoo Hideaki , Yoshikura Nobuaki , Ishihara Kenji , Horie Masao , Takebayashi Hirohide , Toyoshima Yasuko , Naito Makoto , Onodera Osamu , Nishizawa Masatoyo , Takahashi Hitoshi , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Kakita Akiyoshi 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo clarify the histopathological alterations of microglia in the brains of patients with hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS) caused by mutations of the gene encoding the colony stimulating factor‐1 receptor (CSF‐1R).MethodsWe examined 5 autopsied brains and 1 biopsy specimen from a total of 6 patients with CSF‐1R mutations. Detailed immunohistochemical, biochemical, and ultrastructural features of microglia were examined, and quantitative analyses were performed.ResultsIn layers 3 to 4 of the frontal cortex in HDLS brains, microglia showed relatively uniform and delicate morphology, with thin and winding processes accompanying knotlike structures, and significantly smaller areas of Iba1 immunoreactivity and lower numbers of Iba1‐positive cells were evident in comparison with control brains. On the other hand, in layers 5 to 6 and the underlying white matter, microglia were distributed unevenly; that is, in some areas they had accumulated densely, whereas in others they were scattered. Immunoblot analyses of microglia‐associated proteins, including CD11b and DAP12, revealed that HDLS brains had significantly lower amounts of these proteins than diseased controls, although Ki‐67–positive proliferative microglia were not reduced. Ultrastructurally, the microglial cytoplasm and processes in HDLS showed vesiculation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and disaggregated polyribosomes, indicating depression of protein synthesis. On the other hand, macrophages were immunonegative for GLUT‐5 or P2ry12, indicating that they were derived from bone marrow.InterpretationThe pathogenesis of HDLS seems to be associated with microglial vulnerability and morphological alterations. Ann Neurol 2016;80:554–565
Combination of a Cyano Migration Strategy and Alkene Difunctionalization: The Elusive Selective Azidocyanation of Unactivated Olefins
Authors: Wu Zhen , Ren Rongguo , Zhu Chen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA conceptually new, efficient, and metal‐free approach for the challenging azidocyanation of unactivated alkenes is presented. The strategy of intramolecular distal cyano migration is combined with alkene difunctionalization for the first time. A variety of useful azido‐substituted alkyl nitriles are prepared in good yields and, most importantly, with exquisite regio‐ and stereo‐selectivities.
Synthesis of meta‐Terphenyl‐2,2′′‐diols by Anodic C−C Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Lips Sebastian , Wiebe Anton , Elsler Bernd , Schollmeyer Dieter , Dyballa Katrin M. , Franke Robert , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe anodic C−C cross‐coupling reaction is a versatile synthetic approach to symmetric and non‐symmetric biphenols and arylated phenols. We herein present a metal‐free electrosynthetic method that provides access to symmetric and non‐symmetric meta‐terphenyl‐2,2′′‐diols in good yields and high selectivity. Symmetric derivatives can be obtained by direct electrolysis in an undivided cell. The synthesis of non‐symmetric meta‐terphenyl‐2,2′′‐diols required two electrochemical steps. The reactions are easy to conduct and scalable. The method also features a broad substrate scope, and a large variety of functional groups are tolerated. The target molecules may serve as [OCO]3− pincer ligands.
Enhancing capacity for freshwater conservation at the genetic level: a demonstration using three stream macroinvertebrates
Authors: Macdonald Hannah C. , Ormerod Steve J. , Bruford Michael W. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Species diversity is declining more rapidly in freshwater ecosystems than in any other, but the consequences for genetic diversity, and hence evolutionary potential, are poorly understood. In part this reflects limited use and development of modern molecular tools and genetic approaches to address conservation questions in rivers, lakes and wetlands. As widespread, diverse and functionally important organisms, freshwater macroinvertebrates are ideal candidates for genetic approaches to reveal, for example, the conservation consequences of demographic histories and past disturbances. However, the availability of microsatellite markers for this group is very limited.
Using next generation sequencing, microsatellite markers were developed for Isoperla grammatica (Poda, 1761), Amphinemura sulcicollis (Stephens, 1836) and Baetis rhodani (Pictet, 1843) to enable conservation genetic investigations of these widespread invertebrate species. Fifty‐two robust microsatellite loci were developed (18, 21 and 13 per species), all with high levels of allelic diversity (7–27, 3–16, 5–13 alleles per loci, respectively).
These tools will allow assessment of genetic structure, dispersal and demographic resilience in these model species as a function of environmental change and variation, thereby aiding freshwater monitoring and conservation. The authors urge further capacity building to support genetic applications to the conservation biology of other aquatic organisms.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.