bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoplatelets with Excellent Tribological Properties under High Contact Pressure as Water-Based Lubricant Additives
Authors: Wang Hongdong , Liu Yuhong , Chen Zhe , Wu Bibo , Xu Sailong , Luo Jianbin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHigh efficient and sustainable utilization of water-based lubricant is essential for saving energy. In this paper, a kind of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoplatelets is synthesized and well dispersed in water due to the surface modification with oleylamine. The excellent tribological properties of the oleylamine-modified Ni-Al LDH (NiAl-LDH/OAm) nanoplatelets as water-based lubricant additives are evaluated by the tribological tests in an aqueous environment. The modified LDH nanoplatelets are found to not only reduce the friction but also enhance the wear resistance, compared with the water-based cutting fluid and lubricants containing other particle additives. By adding 0.5 wt% LDH nanoplatelets, under 1.5 GPa initial contact pressure, the friction coefficient, scar diameter, depth and width of the wear track dramatically decrease by 83.1%, 43.2%, 88.5% and 59.5%, respectively. It is considered that the sufficiently small size and the excellent dispersion of NiAl-LDH/OAm nanoplatelets in water are the key factors, so as to make them enter the contact area, form a lubricating film and prevent direct collision of asperity peaks. Our investigations demonstrate that the LDH nanoplatelet as a water-based lubricant additive has a great potential value in industrial application.
Evolutionary Dynamics of Homophily and Heterophily
Authors: Ramazi Pouria , Cao Ming , Weissing Franz J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMost social interactions do not take place at random. In many situations, individuals choose their interaction partners on the basis of phenotypic cues. When this happens, individuals are often homophilic, that is, they tend to interact with individuals that are similar to them. Here we investigate the joint evolution of phenotypic cues and cue-dependent interaction strategies. By a combination of individual-based simulations and analytical arguments, we show that homophily evolves less easily than earlier studies suggest. The evolutionary interplay of cues and cue-based behaviour is intricate and has many interesting facets. For example, an interaction strategy like heterophily may stably persist in the population even if it is selected against in association with any particular cue. Homophily persisted for extensive periods of time just in those simulations where homophilic interactions provide a lower (rather than a higher) payoff than heterophilic interactions. Our results indicate that even the simplest cue-based social interactions can have rich dynamics and a surprising diversity of evolutionary outcomes.
miR-429 regulates the transition between Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)1A and HIF3A expression in human endothelial cells
Authors: Janaszak-Jasiecka Anna , Bartoszewska Sylwia , Kochan Kinga , Piotrowski Arkadiusz , Kalinowski Leszek , Kamysz Wojciech , Ochocka Renata J. , Bartoszewski Rafał , Collawn James F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) are heterodimeric transcription factors that allow cells to adapt and survive during hypoxia. Regulation of HIF1A and HIF2A mRNA is well characterized, whereas HIF3A mRNA regulation and function are less clear. Using RNA-Seq analysis of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells, we found two isoforms of HIF3A were expressed, HIF3A2 and HIF3A3. Comparing HIF3A expression profiles to HIF1A mRNA during 48 hours of hypoxia revealed that HIF1A message peaked at 4 hours, whereas HIF3A expression increased while HIF1A was decreasing. Given that HIF1A mRNA is regulated by miR-429, we tested miR-429 effects on both HIF3A isoforms and found that they too were regulated by miR-429. Analysis of a HIF-3 target, DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4, a key survival gene, indicated that DDIT4 mRNA is induced by HIF-3 and negatively regulated by miR-429 through miR-429’s actions on HIF3A message. This provides a compelling model for how hypoxia-induced miR-429 regulates the switch between HIF-1 adaptive responses to HIF-3 survival responses by rapidly decreasing HIF1A levels while simultaneously slowing the progression of HIF3A expression until the miR-429 levels drop below normoxic levels. Since HIF-1 drives HIF3A and miR-429 expression, this establishes a regulatory network in which miR-429 plays a pivotal role.
Environmental and Historical Determinants of Patterns of Genetic Differentiation in Wild Soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc)
Authors: He Shui-Lian , Wang Yun-Sheng , Li De-Zhu , Yi Ting-Shuang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWild soybean, the direct progenitor of cultivated soybean, inhabits a wide distribution range across the mainland of East Asia and the Japanese archipelago. A multidisciplinary approach combining analyses of population genetics based on 20 nuclear microsatellites and one plastid locus were applied to reveal the genetic variation of wild soybean, and the contributions of geographical, environmental factors and historic climatic change on its patterns of genetic differentiation. High genetic diversity and significant genetic differentiation were revealed in wild soybean. Wild soybean was inferred to be limited to southern and central China during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and experienced large-scale post-LGM range expansion into northern East Asia. A substantial northward range shift has been predicted to occur by the 2080s. A stronger effect of isolation by environment (IBE) versus isolation by geographical distance (IBD) was found for genetic differentiation in wild soybean, which suggested that environmental factors were responsible for the adaptive eco-geographical differentiation. This study indicated that IBE and historical climatic change together shaped patterns of genetic variation and differentiation of wild soybean. Different conservation measures should be implemented on different populations according to their adaptive potential to future changes in climate and human-induced environmental changes.
Spatially multiplexed dark-field microspectrophotometry for nanoplasmonics
Authors: Pini V. , Kosaka P. M. , Ruz J. J. , Malvar O. , Encinar M. , Tamayo J. , Calleja M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMonitoring the effect of the substrate on the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of metallic nanoparticles is key for deepening our understanding of light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. This coupling gives rise to shifts of the LSPR as well as changes in the scattering pattern shape. The problem requires of high-throughput techniques that present both high spatial and spectral resolution. We present here a technique, referred to as Spatially Multiplexed Micro-Spectrophotometry (SMMS), able to perform polarization-resolved spectral and spatial analysis of the scattered light over large surface areas. The SMMS technique provides three orders of magnitude faster spectroscopic analysis than conventional dark-field microspectrophotometry, with the capability for mapping the spatial distribution of the scattered light intensity with lateral resolution of 40 nm over surface areas of 0.02 mm2. We show polarization-resolved dark-field spectral analysis of hundreds of gold nanoparticles deposited on a silicon surface. The technique allows determining the effect of the substrate on the LSPR of single nanoparticles and dimers and their scattering patterns. This is applied for rapid discrimination and counting of monomers and dimers of nanoparticles. In addition, the diameter of individual nanoparticles can be rapidly assessed with 1 nm accuracy.
Delta-proteobacterial SAR324 group in hydrothermal plumes on the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Cao Huiluo , Dong Chunming , Bougouffa Salim , Li Jiangtao , Zhang Weipeng , Shao Zongze , Bajic Vladimir B. , Qian Pei-Yuan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn the dark ocean, the SAR324 group of Delta-proteobacteria has been associated with a chemolithotrophic lifestyle. However, their electron transport chain for energy generation and information system has not yet been well characterized. In the present study, four SAR324 draft genomes were extracted from metagenomes sampled from hydrothermal plumes in the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge. We describe novel electron transport chain components in the SAR324 group, particularly the alternative complex III, which is involved in energy generation. Moreover, we propose that the C-type cytochrome, for example the C553, may play a novel role in electron transfer, adding to our knowledge regarding the energy generation process in the SAR324 cluster. The central carbon metabolism in the described SAR324 genomes exhibits several new features other than methanotrophy e.g. aromatic compound degradation. This suggests that methane oxidation may not be the main central carbon metabolism component in SAR324 cluster bacteria. The reductive acetyl-CoA pathway may potentially be essential in carbon fixation due to the absence of components from the Calvin-Benson cycle. Our study provides insight into the role of recombination events in shaping the genome of the SAR324 group based on a larger number of repeat regions observed, which has been overlooked thus far.
Optically tuned terahertz modulator based on annealed multilayer MoS2
Authors: Cao Yapeng , Gan Sheng , Geng Zhaoxin , Liu Jian , Yang Yuping , Bao Qiaoling , Chen Hongda 
Published: March 2016

AbstractControlling the propagation properties of terahertz waves is very important in terahertz technologies applied in high-speed communication. Therefore a new-type optically tuned terahertz modulator based on multilayer-MoS2 and silicon is experimentally demonstrated. The terahertz transmission could be significantly modulated by changing the power of the pumping laser. With an annealing treatment as a p-doping method, MoS2 on silicon demonstrates a triple enhancement of terahertz modulation depth compared with the bare silicon. This MoS2-based device even exhibited much higher modulation efficiency than the graphene-based device. We also analyzed the mechanism of the modulation enhancement originated from annealed MoS2 and found that it is different from that of graphene-based device. The unique optical modulating properties of the device exhibit tremendous promise for applications in terahertz switch.
Reduced sleep duration mediates decreases in striatal D2/D3 receptor availability in cocaine abusers
Authors: Wiers C E , Shumay E , Cabrera E , Shokri-Kojori E , Gladwin T E , Skarda E , Cunningham S I , Kim S W , Wong T C , Tomasi D , Wang G-J , Volkow N D 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNeuroimaging studies have documented reduced striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor (D2/D3R) availability in cocaine abusers, which has been associated with impaired prefrontal activity and vulnerability for relapse. However, the mechanism(s) underlying the decreases in D2/D3R remain poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that sleep deprivation is associated with a downregulation of striatal D2/D3R in healthy volunteers. As cocaine abusers have disrupted sleep patterns, here we investigated whether reduced sleep duration mediates the relationship between cocaine abuse and low striatal D2/D3R availability. We used positron emission tomography with [11C]raclopride to measure striatal D2/D3R availability in 24 active cocaine abusers and 21 matched healthy controls, and interviewed them about their daily sleep patterns. Compared with controls, cocaine abusers had shorter sleep duration, went to bed later and reported longer periods of sleep disturbances. In addition, cocaine abusers had reduced striatal D2/D3R availability. Sleep duration predicted striatal D2/D3R availability and statistically mediated the relationship between cocaine abuse and striatal D2/D3R availability. These findings suggest that impaired sleep patterns contribute to the low striatal D2/D3R availability in cocaine abusers. As sleep impairments are similarly observed in other types of substance abusers (for example, alcohol and methamphetamine), this mechanism may also underlie reductions in D2/D3R availability in these groups. The current findings have clinical implications suggesting that interventions to improve sleep patterns in cocaine abusers undergoing detoxification might be beneficial in improving their clinical outcomes.
Association of thalamic hyperactivity with treatment-resistant depression and poor response in early treatment for major depression: a resting-state fMRI study using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations
Authors: Yamamura T , Okamoto Y , Okada G , Takaishi Y , Takamura M , Mantani A , Kurata A , Otagaki Y , Yamashita H , Yamawaki S 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDespite novel antidepressant development, 10–30% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have antidepressant treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Although new therapies are needed, lack of knowledge regarding the neural mechanisms underlying TRD hinders development of new therapeutic options. We aimed to identify brain regions in which spontaneous neural activity is not only altered in TRD but also associated with early treatment resistance in MDD. Sixteen patients with TRD, 16 patients with early-phase non-TRD and 26 healthy control (HC) subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. To identify brain region differences in spontaneous neural activity between patients with and without TRD, we assessed fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF). We also calculated correlations between the percent change in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD17) scores and fALFF values in brain regions with differing activity for patients with and without TRD. Patients with TRD had increased right-thalamic fALFF values compared with patients without TRD. The percent change in HRSD17 scores negatively correlated with fALFF values in patients with non-TRD. In addition, patients with TRD showed increased fALFF values in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and vermis, compared with patients with non-TRD and HC subjects. Our results show that spontaneous activity in the right thalamus correlates with antidepressant treatment response. We also demonstrate that spontaneous activity in the right IFG, IPL and vermis may be specifically implicated in the neural pathophysiology of TRD.
Design and analysis of a novel spoke‐type permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Si Meng , Yu Yang Xiang , Wei Zhao Shi , Gong Sheng 
Published: March 2016

This study presents a spoke‐type permanent magnet synchronous motor (STPMSM) with a novel rotor which contains four individual iron core parts with flux barriers that are designed to realise a near‐sinusoidal air gap flux density waveform. This novel type of rotor does not require thin bridges or retaining sleeves, the iron core parts of a rotor of this type are fixed to a non‐magnetic sleeve by using dovetail slots, this structure can restrict flux leakage effectively and ensure sufficient mechanical strength. The initial design parameters of a 3 kW novel motor were obtained in the initial design process first, then several key parameters were optimised by using the Taguchi method, finally a comparative analysis of the novel motor structure and the conventional STPMSM structure was performed. The comparative analysis results reveal that the novel motor structure is superior to the conventional motor structure.
High‐resolution indoor positioning using light emitting diode visible light and camera image sensor
Authors: Kim Jae‐Yoon , Yang Se‐Hoon , Son Yong‐Hwan , Han Sang‐Kook 
Published: March 2016

The authors propose a new high‐resolution indoor positioning method based on visible light communication using two light emitting diode (LED) lightings and an image sensor of camera as a receiver. Through the proposed method, the authors can determine position of receiver using the real coordinate of two LED lightings and a captured image. In order to demonstrate the applicability of positioning method, they evaluated the positioning accuracy as changing receiver position. From the experimental results, positioning resolution of maximum 3 cm distance error is demonstrated under the square space with 96 cm height and maximum 6.5 cm distance error under the square space with 245 cm height.
Performance of M ‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation ‐based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for free space optical transmission
Authors: Jaiswal Ishu , Sangeetha R.G. , Suchetha M. 
Published: March 2016

In this study, the authors analyse the performance of the free space optical (FSO) transmission link using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation with M ‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) encoder. For strong and weak atmospheric attenuation, the analysis of channel distribution in FSO is carried out using gamma–gamma model. In this analysis, the expressions for probability density function and cumulative density function of OFDM‐based FSO channel have been derived in terms of Meijer's G‐function. Also, the bit error rate and outage probability of M ‐ary QAM‐based OFDM for an FSO transmission link has been derived. The feasibility of the system and the derived expressions are verified using Opti‐system and MATLAB. From the analysis, it is observed that the performance of OFDM using M ‐ary QAM modulation is feasible for 7000 m, owning to its simplicity and good performance.
Outcome Instruments in Spinal Trauma Surgery: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Cutler Holt S. , Guzman Javier Z. , Connolly James , Al Maaieh Motasem , Skovrlj Branko , Cho Samuel K. 
Published: March 2016

Study Design Literature review. Objective To identify outcomes instruments used in spinal trauma surgery over the past decade, their frequency of use, and usage trends. Methods Five top orthopedic journals were reviewed from 2004 to 2013 for clinical studies of surgical intervention in spinal trauma that reported patient-reported outcome instruments use or neurologic function scale use. Publication year, level of evidence (LOE), and outcome instruments were collected for each article and analyzed. Results A total of 58 studies were identified. Among them, 26 named outcome instruments and 7 improvised questionnaires were utilized. The visual analog scale (VAS) for pain was used most frequently (43.1%), followed by the Short Form 36 (34.5%), Frankel grade scale (25.9%), Oswestry Disability Index (20.7%) and American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (15.5%). LOE 4 was most common (37.9%), and eight LOE 1 studies were identified (10.3%). Conclusions The VAS pain scale is the most common outcome instrument used in spinal trauma. The scope of this outcome instrument is limited, and it may not be sufficient for discriminating between more and less effective treatments. A wide variety of functional measures are used, reflecting the need for a disease-specific instrument that accurately measures functional limitation in spinal trauma.
Shipwreck rates reveal Caribbean tropical cyclone response to past radiative forcing
Authors: Trouet Valerie , Harley Grant L. , Domínguez-Delmás Marta 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Twenty-first-century North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) projections are crucial for the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies, but they are subject to large uncertainties, particularly with respect to TC response to radiative forcing. We used a combination of tree-ring data and historical shipwreck data to show that TC activity in the Caribbean was distinctly suppressed during the Maunder Minimum (1645–1715 CE), a period when solar irradiance was severely reduced. This solar fingerprint on decadal-scale Caribbean TC variability implies modulation by a combination of basin-wide climatic phenomena. Our findings highlight the need to enhance our understanding of the response of atmospheric circulation patterns to radiative forcing and climate change to improve the skill of future TC projections.
Reduced interdecadal variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation under global warming
Authors: Cheng Jun , Liu Zhengyu , Zhang Shaoqing , Liu Wei , Dong Lina , Liu Peng , Li Hongli 
Published: March 2016

SignificanceThe Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key component of the climate system, and its interdecadal variability (IV) significantly modulates climate changes around the North Atlantic region and worldwide. We report a robust shortening in period and weakening in amplitude of AMOC-IV in response to future global warming, which may be contributed to by increased oceanic stratification and, in turn, speedup of Rossby wave propagation. This finding sheds light on the mechanism of AMOC-IV responses to varying background climatology and global warming and therefore should contribute significantly to our understanding and projection of future climate changes.
Focal expression of mutant huntingtin in the songbird basal ganglia disrupts cortico-basal ganglia networks and vocal sequences
Authors: Tanaka Masashi , Singh Alvarado Jonnathan , Murugan Malavika , Mooney Richard 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Genetic mutations that impair basal ganglia (BG) function affect sequential movements, but the link between genotype, BG circuit dysfunction, and altered behavior remains unclear. Here, we found that viral expression of a genetic mutation that causes Huntington’s disease (HD) in a vocalization-related region of the songbird BG leads to the selective loss of striatal medium spiny neurons, abnormal temporal patterns of cortico-BG activity during vocalization, and highly unstable vocal sequences. Moreover, silencing activity in the cortical component of this circuit stabilized vocalizations, supporting the idea that the genetic mutation that causes HD affects complex motor sequences by altering temporal patterns of cortico-BG activity.
Discovery of a spawning ground reveals diverse migration strategies in Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)
Authors: Richardson David E. , Marancik Katrin E. , Guyon Jeffrey R. , Lutcavage Molly E. , Galuardi Benjamin , Lam Chi Hin , Walsh Harvey J. , Wildes Sharon , Yates Douglas A. , Hare Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2016

SignificanceWe present unequivocal evidence that Atlantic bluefin tuna spawn in the Slope Sea, counter to the current assumption that the Gulf of Mexico and Mediterranean Sea are the exclusive spawning grounds. We also demonstrate that age at maturity of western bluefin tuna is currently overestimated, that this stock exhibits size-structured spawning migrations, and that migratory connections exist between western and eastern Atlantic spawning grounds. Atlantic bluefin tuna support a highly contentious international fishery, and our results present an alternate life history model to inform the management of this species. The implications of our work are most pronounced for western Atlantic bluefin tuna, which have a life history less vulnerable to overexploitation and extinction than is currently estimated.