bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of caveolin‐1 in the interfollicular but not the follicle‐associated epithelial cells in the bursa of fabricius of chickens
Authors: Bódi Ildikó , Minkó Krisztina , Fölker Orsolya , Benyeda Zsófia , Felföldi Balázs , Magyar Attila , Kiss Anna , Palya Vilmos , Oláh Imre 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe surface epithelium of the bursa of Fabricius consists of interfollicular (IFE) and follicle‐associated epithelium (FAE). The IFE comprises (i) cylindrical‐shaped secretory cells (SC) and (ii) cuboidal basal cells (BCs). The FAE provides histological and two‐way functional connections between the bursal lumen and medulla of the follicle. We used a carbon solution and anti‐caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) to study the endocytic activity of FAE. Carbon particles entered the intercellular space of FAE, but the carbon particles were not internalized by the FAE cells. Cav‐1 was not detectable in the FAE cells or the medulla of the bursal follicle. The absence of Cav‐1 indicates that no caveolin‐mediated endocytosis occurs in the FAE cells, B cells, bursal secretory dendritic cells (BSDC), or reticular epithelial cells. Surprisingly, a significant number of Cav‐1 positive cells can be found among the SC, which are designated SC II. Cav‐1 negative cell are called SC I, and they produce mucin for lubricating the bursal lumen and duct. Occasionally, BCs also express Cav‐1, which suggests that BC is a precursor of a SC. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the existence of type I and II SC. The SC II are highly polarized and have an extensive trans‐Golgi network that is rich in different granules and vesicles. Western blot analysis of bursa lysates revealed a 21–23 kDa compound (caveolin) and Filipin fluorescence histochemistry provided evidence for intracellular cholesterol. High amount of cholesterol in the feces shows the cholesterol efflux from SC II. The presence of Cav‐1 and cholesterol in SC II indicates, that the bursa is a complex organ in addition to possessing immunological function contributes to the cholesterol homeostasis in the chickens.
Advancements in the identification of passive RC networks for compact modeling of thermal effects in electronic devices and systems
Authors: De Tommasi L. , Magnani A. , de Magistris M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe deal with the problem of identifying the parameters of an equivalent lumped RC multiport network from time domain tabulated data of a corresponding distributed real eigenvalues problem, as obtained from either measurements or accurate simulation tools. A novel step response matrix identification procedure is proposed, based on the combination of an outer nonlinear least squares iteration for the relocation of time constants, and an inner convex programming cycle for the identification of the corresponding residue matrix terms, able to guarantee a priori the passivity property of the equivalent RC network. The structure of the algorithm and its principal functions connections are shown, and the mathematical features of the proposed formulation of the identification problem are accurately described and commented. Moreover, the possibility of getting direct synthesis of a Foster generalized concretely passive multiport, as a consequence of the optimal identification of a passive real eigenvalues model from data, is discussed. Since the technique is well suited (although not limited) to the reduced analysis of typical electro‐thermal problems, a set of significant case studies in this area is considered. In this way the algorithm present implementation is validated, also comparing it to previous well assessed methods, evidencing its large potential and value.
When can culturally diverse teams be more creative? The role of leaders' benevolent paternalism
Authors: Lu Lin , Li Fuli , Leung Kwok , Savani Krishna , Morris Michael W. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe current research examines the conditions under which cross‐cultural teams can realize their creative potential—a consequence of their cultural diversity. We propose that in more culturally diverse teams, team members are less open when communicating with each other, which impairs the team's ability to elaborate on the information contributed by different members, ultimately limiting team creativity. We further theorize that leaders' benevolent paternalism, a leadership style that is particularly prevalent in East Asian contexts, can reduce the negative consequence of intercultural diversity on intercultural communication openness. On the basis of multiwave, multisource data from 48 culturally diverse teams in China, we found that perceived intercultural diversity is negatively related to intercultural communication openness, which, in turn, is positively related to information elaboration, and ultimately, team creativity. Leader benevolent paternalism attenuates the negative relationship between intercultural diversity and intercultural communication openness. These findings enrich the literature on intercultural diversity by calling attention to communication‐related obstacles.
A moving windows visual approach to analysing spatial variation in temperature trends on the Spanish mainland 1951–2010
Authors: Gonzalez‐Hidalgo José Carlos , Salinas Celia , Peña‐Angulo Dhais , Brunetti Michele 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIn this article, we approached the study of spatiotemporal variation in trends for the monthly mean values of maximum and minimum temperatures on the Spanish mainland between 1951 and 2010, in order to find out how length and selected periods affected trends. The trend and significance signals were calculated every month and for each cell individually, in a high spatial resolution grid (Mann–Kendall test) by using decreasing and increasing temporal windows (from 20 to 60 years and vice versa). Finally, the results are presented as a sequence of temporal window trend maps to show the spatiotemporal variability of trends at high resolution over the years. The results of increasing temporal window trends show that temperatures have increased overall on the Spanish mainland, but the impact is different for cold and warm months, maximum and minimum temperatures, and the area affected by significant trends varies depending on the month. The positive and significant trend affecting >20% of the total area extends in a west–east gradient during the cold months, while the reverse is true for the warmest ones. The analyses from decreasing the length of moving windows also vary greatly among months. The areas affected by significant trends are highly variable month‐on‐month, differ for maximum and minimum temperatures, and evolve in different ways over time. Few months show a significant trend during the last 30 years, and spatial distribution differences among trends for the maximum and minimum temperatures are detected. Spatially, a more complex gradient can be observed, but the global east–west and west–east gradient can also be generally seen in the warmest or coldest months. These findings show that a selected period determines the final trend. Furthermore, the results suggest that recent warming processes on the Spanish mainland have high spatial variability that differs among months and maximum and minimum temperatures, and has not been constant.
Year‐to‐year variability of surface air temperature over China in winter
Authors: Xiao Dong , Zuo Zhiyan , Zhang Renhe , Zhang Xingyu , He Qiong 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, the year‐to‐year variability of surface air temperature (SAT) over China in winter was investigated during 1961–2014. The results indicate that the year‐to‐year SAT variability can explain more than 30% of the SAT variance over most parts of China, with up to 60% variance over southern China, northeastern China and northwestern China. The leading pattern of year‐to‐year SAT exhibits homogeneous variability over most parts of China, except in small areas over the Tibetan Plateau and southwestern China. The circulation over the northern Pacific is a key factor of this homogeneous variability pattern. An anomalous anticyclonic circulation and weakening midlatitude westerly jet in the middle and high troposphere over the northern Pacific are associated with the homogeneous warmth over China. The second pattern shows a south–north dipole, with variability in northeastern China opposite to that south of 25°N in China and over the Tibetan Plateau. The south–north dipole pattern is part of a global year‐to‐year SAT anomaly pattern because it exhibits a significant relationship with the year‐to‐year SAT over large parts north of 50°N over the Eurasian landmass. The north‐cold/south‐warm pattern is accompanied by a significant weakening of the Arctic Oscillation. In comparison, the atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the homogeneous variability pattern are much weaker than those with the south–north dipole pattern. The anomalous Indian Ocean dipole in the previous autumn and the snow cover around China in November are the two key causes of the homogeneous variability pattern. Many factors, such as the tropical central Pacific sea surface temperature (SST), stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO), Okhotsk sea ice and western Siberia snow cover, can significantly influence the south–north dipole pattern. Compared to the tropical Pacific SST, the impact of the Indian Ocean SST on the winter SAT over China is much more important.
The evolution and volcanic forcing of the southern annular mode during the past 300 years
Authors: Yang Jiao , Xiao Cunde 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTA positive change in the southern annular mode (SAM), which is the primary pattern of climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere, has been induced predominantly by polar stratospheric ozone depletion. However, the lack of long‐term observational records limits our understanding of the long‐term SAM behaviour. In this study, we found that the geochemical record of the LGB69 ice core from the eastern coast of Antarctica was significantly correlated with the winter SAM index (SAMI). In addition, we developed an annual mean SAMI beginning in 1701 based on 15 annually resolved ice cores and relevant proxy–climate relationships. Our reconstruction accounted for 54.8% of the total variance from 1957 to 2000 (the calibration period). We demonstrate that the recent positive phase shift in the annual mean SAMI since the 1970s is unprecedented, with the estimate for the latest regime in the 1990s reaching values 2.5 times the standard deviation above the baseline (1701–2000). This peak value also coincides with the largest 30‐ and 50‐year trends, which have occurred at the end of the 20th century. From the reconstructed SAMI, we also found that the response to large volcanic events was likely positive in the 3 years after the eruption, but this positive response can be masked by internal climate variability when a strong El Niño event occurs in the eruption year.
Ischemic femoral head osteonecrosis in a piglet model causes three dimensional decrease in acetabular coverage
Authors: Upasani Vidyadhar V. , Jeffords Megan E. , Farnsworth Christine L. , Padilla David , Lopreiato Nick , Aruwajoye Olumide O. , Kim Harry K.W. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTLegg‐Calve‐Perthes disease (LCPD) is a childhood form of ischemic osteonecrosis marked by development of severe femoral head deformity and premature osteoarthritis. The pathogenesis of femoral head deformity has been studied extensively using a piglet model of ischemic osteonecrosis, however, accompanying acetabular changes have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine if acetabular changes accompany femoral head deformity in a well‐established piglet model of LCPD and to define the acetabular changes using three dimensional computed tomography (3‐D CT) and modeling. Twenty‐four piglets were surgically induced with ischemic osteonecrosis on the right side. The contralateral hip was used as control. At 8 weeks postoperative, pelvi were retrieved and imaged with CT. Custom software was used to measure acetabular morphologic parameters on 3‐D CT images. Moderate to severe femoral head deformities were present in all animals. Acetabula with accompanying femoral head deformity had a significant decrease in acetabular version and tilt (p < 0.001) and in coverage angle in the superior, posterior, and inferior quadrants (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the development of femoral head deformity following ischemic osteonecrosis produces specific and predictable changes to the shape of the acetabulum. Acetabular changes described in patients with LCPD were observed in the piglet model. This model may serve as a valuable tool to elucidate the relationship between femoral head and acetabular deformities. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1173–1177, 2018.
Interpreting exposure ages from ice‐cored moraines: a Neoglacial case study on Baffin Island, Arctic Canada
Authors: Crump Sarah E. , Anderson Leif S. , Miller Gifford H. , Anderson Robert S. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT10Be dating of moraines has greatly improved our ability to constrain the timing of past glaciations and thus past cold events. However, the spread in ages from a single moraine is often greater than would be expected from measurement uncertainty, making paleoclimatic interpretations equivocal. Here we present 28 new 10Be ages from ice‐cored Neoglacial moraines on Baffin Island, Arctic Canada, and explore the processes at play in moraine formation and evolution through field observations and a numerical debris‐covered glacier model. The insulating effect of debris cover modifies glacier lengths and results in the development of ice‐cored moraines over multiple advances and thousands of years. Although ice cores can persist for several millennia, spatially variable ice core melt‐out contributes to moraine degradation and boulder destabilization, making it likely that the 10Be clock is reset on moraine boulders in these settings. Thus, exposure ages from ice‐cored moraines must be interpreted with caution. The oldest ages, after excluding samples with inheritance, provide the best estimates of initial moraine formation. Three Baffin Island moraines yield 10Be ages suggesting formation at 5.2, 4.6 and 3.5 ka, respectively, adding to a growing body of evidence for significant summer cooling millennia before the Little Ice Age.
Vibrational properties of layered BiTeCl single crystal
Authors: Zhou Wei , Lu Jiating , Xiang Gang , Ruan Shuangchen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBismuth tellurohalides have intrigued numerous interests for their novel Rashba splitting electronic structures with potential applications in spintronics and two‐dimensional (2D) optoelectronics. In this work, we have a detailed study of bulk BiTeCl and its exfoliated flakes using ultralow wavenumber Raman spectroscopy. We observe all BiTeCl characteristic Raman modes including the lowest wavenumber rigid layer in‐plane vibrational mode E32 at 19 cm−1. From 77 to 300 K, hardening of Raman modes are observed with sharpened profiles. Temperature coefficients of Raman modes except E32 are around −0.009 to −0.027 cm−1/K, showing the sensitive response of lattice vibrations to temperature, whereas E32 has a much smaller temperature coefficient of −0.004 cm−1/K and almost constant linewidth, similar to the behavior of shear mode of 2D materials. Furthermore, by using excitation lasers of 488, 514.5, 647, and 785 nm, we find that BiTeCl Raman modes are nondispersive, 2 characteristic in‐plane E modes are more pronounced for low‐energy lasers whereas out‐of‐plane A1 modes behave inversely, which could be related to the interband transitions. Our work provides valuable lattice vibrational and thermal information of BiTeCl for its integration into the emerging 2D nano devices as a promising polar layered material.
Potential effectiveness of visible and near infrared spectroscopy coupled with wavelength selection for real time grapevine leaf water status measurement
Authors: Giovenzana Valentina , Beghi Roberto , Parisi Simone , Brancadoro Lucio , Guidetti Riccardo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreasing attention is being paid to non‐destructive methods for water status real time monitoring as a potential solution to replace the tedious conventional techniques which are time consuming and not easy to perform directly in the field. The objective of this study was to test the potential effectiveness of two portable optical devices (visible/near infrared (vis/NIR) and near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometers) for the rapid and non‐destructive evaluation of the water status of grapevine leaves. Moreover, a variable selection methodology was proposed to determine a set of candidate variables for the prediction of water potential (Ψ, MPa) related to leaf water status in view of a simplified optical device.RESULTSThe statistics of the partial least square (PLS) models showed in validation R2 between 0.67 and 0.77 for models arising from vis/NIR spectra, and R2 ranged from 0.77 to 0.85 for the NIR region. The overall performance of the multiple linear regression (MLR) models from selected wavelengths was slightly worse than that of the PLS models. Regarding the NIR range, acceptable MLR models were obtained only using 14 effective variables (R2 range 0.63–0.69).CONCLUSIONTo address the market demand for portable optical devices and heading towards the trend of miniaturization and low cost of the devices, individual wavelengths could be useful for the design of a simplified and low‐cost handheld system providing useful information for better irrigation scheduling. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Solution‐processable thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for application in organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Suzuki Katsuaki , Adachi Chihaya , Kaji Hironori 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSolution‐processed organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been fabricated using the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter, DACT‐II, and its soluble derivative, tBu‐DACT‐II, as emitting dopants. DACT‐II reportedly exhibits very high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) in vacuum‐processed OLEDs. The solution‐processed DACT‐II‐based and tBu‐DACT‐II‐based OLEDs exhibited external quantum efficiency exceeding the theoretical upper limit of classical fluorescent OLEDs.
Systemic Evaluation of Vascular Dysfunction by High‐Resolution Sonography in an Nω‐Nitro‐l‐Arginine Methyl Ester Hydrochloride–Induced Mouse Model of Preeclampsia‐Like Symptoms
Authors: Zhao Ying , Yang Ning , Li Hanying , Cai Wei , Zhang Xin , Ma Yongqiang , Niu Xiulong , Yang Guohong , Zhou Xin , Li Yuming 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate vascular function, including arterial resistance and endothelial function, by high‐resolution sonography in an Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l‐NAME)‐induced mouse model of preeclampsia‐like symptoms.MethodsPregnant mice were subcutaneously injected with a saline solution (control; n = 10) or l‐NAME (n = 10) between the 7th and 18th days of gestation. The resistive index and pulsatility index (RI and PI, indicators of arterial resistance) of the uteroplacental, umbilical, femoral, and common carotid arteries and the flow‐mediated dilatation (index of endothelial function) of the femoral artery were measured by high‐frequency sonography in both groups.ResultsWe noted significant increases in the RI and PI of the uteroplacental and umbilical arteries and a decrease in the flow‐mediated dilatation of the femoral artery in the l‐NAME group compared with the control group. We also found that the RI and PI of the uteroplacental and umbilical arteries were negatively correlated with fetal weight and crown‐rump length. The results of the multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model indicated that the flow‐mediated dilatation at 120 seconds was an independent diagnostic criterion for the l‐NAME‐induced preeclampsia‐like model. A receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that flow‐mediated dilatation at 120 seconds had the greatest area under the curve of 0.934, with an optimal cutoff point of 11.1%, yielding sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 84.6%.ConclusionsThe PI and RI of the fetomaternal vasculature can identify fetuses in “high‐risk” pregnancies, and flow‐mediated dilatation is a reliable indicator for predicting preeclampsia. Assessment of vascular function by high‐resolution sonography provides a useful platform for preeclampsia‐related basic research with high reproducibility.
The essential spectrum of a singular Sturm–Liouville operator
Authors: Castro Hernán 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this paper we study the essential spectrum of the operator
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201600176:mana201600176-math-0001where is a positive absolutely continuous function on (0, 1) that resembles for some . We prove that the essential spectrum of coincides with the essential spectrum of the operator .
Technical Note: On the use of cylindrical ionization chambers for electron beam reference dosimetry
Authors: Muir Bryan R. , McEwen Malcolm R. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo investigate the use of cylindrical chambers for electron beam dosimetry independent of energy by studying the variability of relative ion chamber perturbation corrections, one of the main concerns for electron beam dosimetry with cylindrical chambers.MethodsMeasurements are made with sets of cylindrical and plane‐parallel reference‐class chambers as a function of depth in water in 8 MeV and 18 MeV electron beams. The ratio of chamber readings for similar chambers is normalized in a high‐energy electron beam and can be thought of as relative perturbation corrections. Data are plotted as a function of mean electron energy at depth for a range of depths close to the phantom surface to R80, the depth at which the ionization falls to 80% of its maximum value. Additional, similar measurements are made in a Virtual Water® phantom with cylindrical chambers at the reference depth in a 4 MeV electron beam.ResultsThe variability of relative ion chamber perturbation corrections for nominally identical cylindrical Farmer‐type chambers is found to be less than 0.4%, no worse than plane‐parallel chambers with similar specifications.ConclusionsThis work discusses several issues related to the use of plane‐parallel ion chambers and suggests that reference‐class cylindrical chambers may be appropriate for reference dosimetry of all electron beams. This would simplify the reference dosimetry procedure and improve accuracy of beam calibration.