bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications ofde novomutations in guiding drug discovery: A study of four neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: So Hon-Cheong , Wong Yui-Hang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecent studies have suggested an important role ofde novomutations (DNMs) in neuropsychiatric disorders. As DNMs are not subject to elimination due to evolutionary pressure, they are likely to have greater disruptions on biological functions. While a number of sequencing studies have been performed on neuropsychiatric disorders, the implications of DNMs for drug discovery remain to be explored.In this study, we employed a gene-set analysis approach to address this issue. Four neuropsychiatric disorders were studied, including schizophrenia (SCZ), autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), intellectual disability (ID) and epilepsy. We first identified gene-sets associated with different drugs, and analyzed whether the gene-set pertaining toeachdrug overlaps with DNMs more than expected by chance. We also assessed which medication classes are enriched among the prioritized drugs. We discovered that neuropsychiatric drug classes were indeed significantly enriched for DNMs of all four disorders; in particular, antipsychotics and antiepileptics were themoststrongly enriched drug classes for SCZ and epilepsy respectively. Interestingly, we revealed enrichment of several unexpected drug classes, such as lipid-lowering agents for SCZ and anti-neoplastic agents. By inspecting individual hits, we also uncovered other interesting drug candidates or mechanisms (e.g.histone deacetylase inhibition and retinoid signaling) that might warrant further investigations. Taken together, this study provided evidence for the usefulness of DNMs in guiding drug discovery or repositioning.
Redeemed Compared to Whom?
Authors: DeWitt Samuel E. , Bushway Shawn D. , Siwach Garima , Kurlychek Megan C. 
Published: August 2017

Research SummaryBy using data on provisional employees with and without criminal records, we find that existing standards of a “reasonable amount of [arrest] risk” (derived from “time to redemption” research) for an employer to incur in hiring individuals with criminal histories prove too onerous for many employees without records to meet, let alone those with records. We then propose an alternative method of assessing arrest risk across these populations—benchmarking—and provide several alternative standards, illustrating that they (a) clear a demonstrable majority of employees without records and a sizable minority of those with a criminal history and (b) do not increase the risk incurred by employers over and above the level they already accept among employees without records.Policy ImplicationsOur findings suggest that the almost singular importance placed on “time since last” policies when conducting criminal background checks is ill‐placed as the risk of arrest across populations of employees with and without criminal histories overlaps more than the results of extant research would imply. Although future research needs to be conducted to ascertain whether our findings generalize to other employment contexts, current background check practices would be better served if they were to adopt an approach that chooses a specific threshold for comparison, which should align with an easily communicated and face‐valid cost function. Furthermore, the selected standard should (a) hold all individuals to the same standard and (b) be one that a demonstrable majority of individuals without criminal records can meet.
Developmental neurotoxicity of the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos: from clinical findings to preclinical models and potential mechanisms
Authors: Burke Richard D. , Todd Spencer W. , Lumsden Eric , Mullins Roger J. , Mamczarz Jacek , Fawcett William P. , Gullapalli Rao P. , Randall William R. , Pereira Edna F. R. , Albuquerque Edson X. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOrganophosphorus (OP) insecticides are pest‐control agents heavily used worldwide. Unfortunately, they are also well known for the toxic effects that they can trigger in humans. Clinical manifestations of an acute exposure of humans to OP insecticides include a well‐defined cholinergic crisis that develops as a result of the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Prolonged exposures to levels of OP insecticides that are insufficient to trigger signs of acute intoxication, which are hereafter referred to as subacute exposures, have also been associated with neurological deficits. In particular, epidemiological studies have reported statistically significant correlations between prenatal subacute exposures to OP insecticides, including chlorpyrifos, and neurological deficits that range from cognitive impairments to tremors in childhood. The primary objectives of this article are: (i) to address the short‐ and long‐term neurological issues that have been associated with acute and subacute exposures of humans to OP insecticides, especially early in life (ii) to discuss the translational relevance of animal models of developmental exposure to OP insecticides, and (iii) to review mechanisms that are likely to contribute to the developmental neurotoxicity of OP insecticides. Most of the discussion will be focused on chlorpyrifos, the top‐selling OP insecticide in the United States and throughout the world. These points are critical for the identification and development of safe and effective interventions to counter and/or prevent the neurotoxic effects of these chemicals in the developing brain.This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
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Conditions controlling the timing of the autumn migration to hibernation sites in a Japanese headwater frog, Rana sakuraii
Authors: Miwa T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractStudies on amphibian autumn migrations to hibernation sites are few, and those investigating the conditions controlling the timing of migrations are even fewer. I investigated an explosive‐breeding frog, Rana sakuraii, in Japanese mountain headwaters in 6 different years, focusing on the start and end of autumn migrations. Autumn migrations began in late October. Initially, frogs moved into the streams from terrestrial sites around the stream sources, and thereafter moved downstream entirely underwater. Start days were always the first rainy days after the minimum air temperature had dropped to about 6°C or lower (minor start days) or about 4°C or lower (major start days) regardless of the air temperature on the start days. In early or mid‐December, in‐stream migratory movements ended when the maximum water temperature dropped below the 5°C threshold (the same threshold temperature initiating the winter breeding migration). I hypothesize that, in many temperate‐zone amphibians, the timing of autumn migration to hibernation sites is basically dependent on three common conditions: (1) the experience of a prerequisite minimum air temperature (PMAT) before the start day; (2) the decrease in day length to a threshold value; (3) the first rainy (or high humidity) day after (1). Further, I hypothesize that the threshold ambient temperature inducing the end of the autumn migration is almost the same as that inducing emergence from hibernation, that is, the start of the winter breeding migration for explosive breeders, and that this is the daily maximum, and not the daily minimum.
Vague category markers as turn‐final items in Irish English
Authors: VAUGHAN ELAINE , MCCARTHY MICHAEL , CLANCY BRIAN 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis study uses the Limerick Corpus of Irish English (LCIE), and a sample of the Cambridge and Nottingham Corpus of Discourse in English (CANCODE) to implement a corpus pragmatic approach to the analysis of Irish English by focusing on the organization of turn‐taking in two connected, though distinct, varieties of world Englishes, Irish English and British English. The aim of the research is two‐pronged: we explore how naturally‐occurring conversation is organised in the two varieties for comparative purposes, seeking to understand how confluence in turn‐taking is achieved in everyday interactions, as well as examining how the interactional flow is achieved through the manipulation of small, interpersonally loaded items, turn initial and turn final, with the focus here on turn final items.
Division of Labor, Bet Hedging, and the Evolution of Mixed Biofilm Investment Strategies
Authors: Lowery Nick Vallespir , McNally Luke , Ratcliff William C. , Brown Sam P. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Bacterial cells, like many other organisms, face a tradeoff between longevity and fecundity. Planktonic cells are fast growing and fragile, while biofilm cells are often slower growing but stress resistant. Here we ask why bacterial lineages invest simultaneously in both fast- and slow-growing types. We develop a population dynamic model of lineage expansion across a patchy environment and find that mixed investment is favored across a broad range of environmental conditions, even when transmission is entirely via biofilm cells. This mixed strategy is favored because of a division of labor where exponentially dividing planktonic cells can act as an engine for the production of future biofilm cells, which grow more slowly. We use experimental evolution to test our predictions and show that phenotypic heterogeneity is persistent even under selection for purely planktonic or purely biofilm transmission. Furthermore, simulations suggest that maintenance of a biofilm subpopulation serves as a cost-effective hedge against environmental uncertainty, which is also consistent with our experimental findings.

IMPORTANCE
Cell types specialized for survival have been observed and described within clonal bacterial populations for decades, but why are these specialists continually produced under benign conditions when such investment comes at a high reproductive cost? Conversely, when survival becomes an imperative, does it ever benefit the population to maintain a pool of rapidly growing but vulnerable planktonic cells? Using a combination of mathematical modeling, simulations, and experiments, we find that mixed investment strategies are favored over a broad range of environmental conditions and rely on a division of labor between cell types, where reproductive specialists amplify survival specialists, which can be transmitted through the environment with a limited mortality rate. We also show that survival specialists benefit rapidly growing populations by serving as a hedge against unpredictable changes in the environment. These results help to clarify the general evolutionary and ecological forces that can generate and maintain diverse subtypes within clonal bacterial populations.
Targeted Proteomics Identifies Proteomic Signatures in Liquid Biopsies of the Endometrium to Diagnose Endometrial Cancer and Assist in the Prediction of the Optimal Surgical Treatment
Authors: Martinez-Garcia Elena , Lesur Antoine , Devis Laura , Cabrera Silvia , Matias-Guiu Xavier , Hirschfeld Marc , Asberger Jasmin , van Oostrum Jan , Casares de Cal María de los Ángeles , Gómez-Tato Antonio , Reventos Jaume , Domon Bruno , Colas Eva , Gil-Moreno Antonio 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurpose: Endometrial cancer (EC) diagnosis relies on the observation of tumor cells in endometrial biopsies obtained by aspiration (i.e., uterine aspirates), but it is associated with 22% undiagnosed patients and up to 50% of incorrectly assigned EC histotype and grade. We aimed to identify biomarker signatures in the fluid fraction of these biopsies to overcome these limitations.Experimental Design: The levels of 52 proteins were measured in the fluid fraction of uterine aspirates from 116 patients by LC-PRM, the latest generation of targeted mass-spectrometry acquisition. A logistic regression model was used to assess the power of protein panels to differentiate between EC and non-EC patients and between EC histologic subtypes. The robustness of the panels was assessed by the "leave-one-out" cross-validation procedure performed within the same cohort of patients and an independent cohort of 38 patients.Results: The levels of 28 proteins were significantly higher in patients with EC (n = 69) compared with controls (n = 47). The combination of MMP9 and KPYM exhibited 94% sensitivity and 87% specificity for detecting EC cases. This panel perfectly complemented the standard diagnosis, achieving 100% of correct diagnosis in this dataset. Nine proteins were significantly increased in endometrioid EC (n = 49) compared with serous EC (n = 20). The combination of CTNB1, XPO2, and CAPG achieved 95% sensitivity and 96% specificity for the discrimination of these subtypes.Conclusions: We developed two uterine aspirate-based signatures to diagnose EC and classify tumors in the most prevalent histologic subtypes. This will improve diagnosis and assist in the prediction of the optimal surgical treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(21); 6458–67. ©2017 AACR.
CKM
Glu83Gly Is Associated With Blunted Creatine Kinase Variation, but Not With Myalgia
Authors: Siddiqui Moneeza Kalhan , Veluchamy Abirami , Maroteau Cyrielle , Tavendale Roger , Carr Fiona , Pearson Ewan , Colhoun Helen , Morris Andrew D. , George Jacob , Doney Alexander , Pirmohamed Munir , Alfirevic Ana , Wadelius Mia , Maitland van der Zee Anke H. , Ridker Paul M. , Chasman Daniel I. , Palmer Colin N.A. 
Published: August 2017

Background—

To test the association of a recently reported variant in the creatine kinase (CK) muscle gene,
CKM
Glu83Gly (rs11559024) with constitutive creatine phosphokinase (CK) levels, CK variation, and inducibility. Given the diagnostic importance of CK in determining muscle damage, we tested the association of the variant with myalgia.

Methods and Results—

Meta-analysis between longitudinal cohort GoDARTS (Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research, Tayside Scotland), minor allele frequency (=0.02), and randomized clinical trial (JUPITER [Justification for the Use of Statins in Primary Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin], minor allele frequency=0.018) was used to replicate the association with baseline CK measures. GoDARTS was used to study the relationship with CK variability. Myalgia was studied in JUPITER trial participants. Baseline and SDs of CK were on average 18% (
P
value=6×10
−
63
) and 24% (
P
value=2×10
−5
) lower for carriers of the variant, respectively. The variant was not associated with myalgia (odds ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–1.38).

Conclusions—
This study highlights that a genetic factor known to be associated with constitutive CK levels is also associated with CK variability and inducibility. This is discussed in the context of evidence to suggest that the variant has an impact on inducibility of CK by trauma through a previously reported case of a homozygous carrier. However, the lack of association between the variant and myalgia suggests that it cannot reliably be used as a biomarker for muscle symptoms.
Paradoxical enhancement of leukemogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia with moderately attenuated RUNX1 expressions
Authors: Morita Ken , Maeda Shintaro , Suzuki Kensho , Kiyose Hiroki , Taniguchi Junichi , Liu Pu Paul , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Adachi Souichi , Kamikubo Yasuhiko 
Published: August 2017

Key Points
Moderate attenuation of RUNX1 expression upregulates total RUNX expressions and enhances leukemogenesis through RUNX-GSTA2-ROS axis. Inhibiting GSTA2 function in vivo prolongs the overall survival of AML mice with intermediate RUNX1 expressions.
Solutions and Stability of Generalized Kannappan’s and Van Vleck’s Functional Equations
Authors: Elqorachi Elhoucien , Redouani Ahmed 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We study the solutions of the integral Kannappan’s and Van Vleck’s functional equations ∫Sf(xyt)dµ(t)+∫Sf(xσ(y)t)dµ(t)= 2f(x)f(y), x,y ∈ S; ∫Sf(xσ(y)t)dµ(t)-∫Sf(xyt)dµ(t)= 2f(x)f(y), x,y ∈ S; where S is a semigroup, σ is an involutive automorphism of S and µ is a linear combination of Dirac measures ( ᵟ zi)I ∈ I, such that for all i ∈ I, ziis in the center of S. We show that the solutions of these equations are closely related to the solutions of the d’Alembert’s classic functional equation with an involutive automorphism. Furthermore, we obtain the superstability theorems for these functional equations in the general case, where σ is an involutive morphism.
An Extension of a Ger’s Result
Authors: Marinescu Dan Ştefan , Monea Mihai 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to extend a result presented by Roman Ger during the 15th International Conference on Functional Equations and Inequalities. First, we present some necessary and sufficient conditions for a continuous function to be convex. We will use these to extend Ger’s result. Finally, we make some connections with other mathematical notions, as g-convex dominated function or Bregman distance.
Some fixed point results for rational type and subrational type contractive mappings
Authors: Huang Huaping , Ansari Arslan Hojat , Dolićanin-Đekić Diana , Radenović Stojan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the concepts of rational type and subrational type contractive mappings. We expand and improve some fixed point theorems obtained by Alsulamiet al.(Fixed Point Theory Appl., 2015, 2015: 97). Moreover, we give an example to support our results.
ps-ro fuzzy strongly α-irresolute function
Authors: Chettri Pankaj , Chettri Anamika 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The prime objective of this paper is to introduce and characterize a new type of function in a fuzzy topological spaces called ps-ro fuzzy strongly α-irresolute function. The interrelations of this function with the parallel existing allied concepts are established. The independence of ps-ro fuzzy strongly α-irresolute and well known concept of fuzzy strongly α-irresolute function motivate authors to explore it. Also, this function is found to be stronger than ps-ro fuzzy continuity, ps-ro fuzzy semicontinuity, ps-ro fuzzy precontinuity and ps-ro fuzzy α-continuity. Further, several characterizations of these functions along with different conditions for their existence are obtained.
Photonic-Assisted mm-Wave and THz Wireless Transmission towards 100 Gbit/s Data Rate
Authors: Freire Hermelo Maria , Chuenchom Rattana , Rymanov Vitaly , Kaiser Thomas , Sheikh Fawad , Czylwik Andreas , Stöhr Andreas 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This paper presents photonic-assisted 60 GHz mm-wave and 325 GHz system approaches that enable the transmission of spectral-efficient and high data rate signals over fiber and over air. First, we focus on generic channel characteristics within the mm-wave 60 GHz band and at the terahertz (THz) band around 325 GHz. Next, for generating the high data rate baseband signals, we present a technical solution for constructing an extreme bandwidth arbitrary waveform generator (AWG). We then report the development of a novel coherent photonic mixer (CPX) module for direct optic-to-RF conversion of extreme wideband optical signals, with a>5 dB higher conversion gain compared to conventional photodiodes. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate record spectral efficient wireless transmission for both bands. The achieved spectral efficiencies reach 10 bit/s/Hz for the 60 GHz band and 6 bit/s/Hz for the 325 GHz band. The maximum data rate transmitted at THz frequencies in the 325 GHz band is 59 Gbit/s using a 64-QAM-OFDM modulation format and a 10 GHz wide data signal.
ClO2-oxidation-based demulsification of oil-water transition layer in oilfields: An experimental study
Authors: Yuan Dandan , Tian Lei , Shen Xiaoyan , Sui Xin , Wang Baohui 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSeparation of oil and water is well known as a key process in the oil industry. For the purpose of improving the efficiency of the oil-water separation, a novel ClO
Gymnosporangium Species – An Important Issue of Plant Protection
Authors: Lāce Baiba 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Rusts (Fungi, Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina, Pucciniomycetes, Pucciniales) are one of the most important causal agents of diseases and they are infecting many plants including cereals and field crops, vegetables, trees and many ornamentals. They have been studied for a long time and have economic importance among the plant diseases caused by agents of different species of fungi. In Europe, thirteen rust genera have been reported, of which the genus Gymnosporangium is the second largest after genus Phragmidium. The most significant fruit tree rust pathogen is the genus Gymnosporangium. The literature review shows quite limited scientific information about this genus and its species. Studies have mainly focused on some stages of the pathogen development cycle, which are significant for the spread of diseases - uredo and teleito stages. Special attention of the review was paid to European pear rust (caused by G. sabinae (Dicks.) G. Winter), the distribution of which has increased during the last ten years, especially in organic pear orchards. Currently there is a limited number of scientific publications about European pear rust, and they are mainly based only on observations in vitro without trials in the field, despite the fact that it has become one of the most devastating diseases. Therefore, the presented review analyses the rust exploration history, diversity and distribution of species, life cycle, development biology and plant protection issues.
A new outlook on the evaluation of health state and physical capacity of skiers with disabilities as exemplified by a female Paralympic Champion
Authors: Gawroński Wojciech 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Initially, sport for the disabled (including skiing) was only considered to be a follow-up to rehabilitation. Modifications concerning the rules and classifications of athletes (reducing the number of classes) led to increased competition and to the fact that winning started to be determined more by physical performance features than by a type of dysfunction. This required more regular training and greater training loads as well as observing health state and training effectiveness more carefully. The aim of the work is to present the methodology of assessing health state of the athletes and the level of their physical capacity and to discuss the results of the research conducted on a female skier during the period of her greatest achievements. Materials and methods: The research group consisted of cross-country skiers with motor disabilities who were preparing for Paralympic Games in the years 2002-2010. A regular complex model of assessing health was implemented. It consisted of medical examinations and a physical capacity test (to failure) during which selected physiological and metabolic indices as well as the amount of work and mean power were marked. Results: Health assessment consisted of the report confirming that the athlete is capable of taking part in training sessions and competitions. The results of a physical capacity test, i.e. duration of work, peak power and power at the anaerobic threshold as well as heart reactions show the moment when the subject demonstrated the highest level of physical capacity in the course of the observation. Conclusions: A regular observation makes it possible to prevent negative health consequences of increased training loads and to monitor the reactions of the subjects’ bodies to the tasks in particular periods of the preparation cycle. Sports achievements of the female athlete confirm the effectiveness of the training and observation, while her features may serve as an example of morpho-functional posture which enabled her to compete for the title of the Paralympic Champion in cross-country skiing.