bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silencing Osa-miR827 via CRISPR/Cas9 protects rice against the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Bundó Mireia , Val-Torregrosa Beatriz , Martín-Cardoso Héctor , Ribaya María , Campos-Soriano Lidia , Bach-Pages Marcel , Chiou Tzyy-Jen , San Segundo Blanca 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In plants, miRNAs participate in diverse developmental processes and adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stress. MiR827 has long been recognized to be involved in plant responses to phosphate starvation. In rice, the miR827 regulates the expression of OsSPX-MFS1 and OsSPX-MFS2, these genes encoding vacuolar phosphate transporters. In this study, we demonstrated that miR827 plays a role in resistance to infection by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in rice. We show that MIR827 overexpression enhances susceptibility to infection by M. oryzae which is associated to a weaker induction of defense gene expression during pathogen infection. Conversely, CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations in the MIR827 gene completely abolish miR827 production and confer resistance to M. oryzae infection. This resistance is accompanied by a reduction of leaf Pi content compared to wild-type plants, whereas Pi levels increase in leaves of the blast-susceptible miR827 overexpressor plants. In wild-type plants, miR827 accumulation in leaves decreases during the biotrophic phase of the infection process. Taken together, our data indicates that silencing MIR827 confers resistance to M. oryzae infection in rice while further supporting interconnections between Pi signaling and immune signaling in plants. Unravelling the role of miR827 during M. oryzae infection provides knowledge to improve blast resistance in rice by CRISPR/Cas9-editing of MIR827.
The stratified effect of extreme temperatures on birth weight: the role of energy prices
Authors: Rubio-Cabañez Maria 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper fills a notable gap in the existing literature on birth outcomes and extreme temperatures by examining the causal moderating effect of energy prices on the impact of extreme temperatures during pregnancy on birth weight. It uses a sharp increase in energy prices that occurred in Spain in March 2021 as an identification strategy and incorporates a new weather dataset that increases the number of monitors from which temperature information is derived in previous research by more than sixfold. The results show that the negative effects of extreme temperatures on birth weight are amplified at higher energy prices, especially for mothers of lower socioeconomic status. By focusing on how energy prices moderate the impact of extreme temperatures on birth outcomes, opportunities arise for policy interventions aimed at reducing health inequalities at birth. Moreover, given the critical role that events in utero play in individuals’ later development, such policies have the potential not only to reduce health inequalities at birth, but also to address broader inequalities in long-term outcomes.
Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in the Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management Programme - A Latent Profile Approach
Authors: Tveit Håvard Horndalen , Stenseng Frode 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHeterogeneous effects from interventions often remain hidden in between-group analyses, risking overgeneralized conclusions of treatment effects. In this exploratory study, we performed latent profile analysis to unveil differential treatment effects among children in The Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management Programme (IY TCMP). This program has previously been shown to reduce behavioral problems in preschools and schools in total samples and subgroups. A total of 726 children (48.7% girls; Mage = 4.21 years; SDage = 0.86) from 92 childcare centers in Norway participated in either the intervention (n = 338) or the matched control condition (n = 388). First, by conducting latent profile analysis on baseline levels of child-teacher relationship (closeness, conflict), behavioral problems, and social competence, three distinct profiles were identified: High Risk (26.4%), Moderate Risk (42.8%), and Low Risk (30.7%) – each profile with unique characteristics. Second, we tested for within-profile, condition-by-time interactions following the intervention, showing distinct treatment responses for each profile. High-risk profiles profited most from the IY TCMP, with a substantial decrease in externalizing problems, more teacher closeness, and less teacher conflict. Moderate-risk profiles also gained better teacher-child relationships and improved social competence. The Low-Risk profiles showed no effects from the intervention. It is argued that latent profile analysis presents a feasible approach for examining within-sample heterogeneity in intervention research. It also reveals crucial information on treatment variability, as demonstrated in the Incredible Years Programme.
Applying queueing theory to evaluate wait-time-savings of triage algorithms
Authors: Thompson Yee Lam Elim , Levine Gary M. , Chen Weijie , Sahiner Berkman , Li Qin , Petrick Nicholas , Delfino Jana G. , Lago Miguel A. , Cao Qian , Samuelson Frank W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have made promising impacts in many areas of healthcare. One application is AI-enabled prioritization software known as computer-aided triage and notification (CADt). This type of software as a medical device is intended to prioritize reviews of radiological images with time-sensitive findings, thus shortening the waiting time for patients with these findings. While many CADt devices have been deployed into clinical workflows and have been shown to improve patient treatment and clinical outcomes, quantitative methods to evaluate the wait-time-savings from their deployment are not yet available. In this paper, we apply queueing theory methods to evaluate the wait-time-savings of a CADt by calculating the average waiting time per patient image without and with a CADt device being deployed. We study two workflow models with one or multiple radiologists (servers) for a range of AI diagnostic performances, radiologist’s reading rates, and patient image (customer) arrival rates. To evaluate the time-saving performance of a CADt, we use the difference in the mean waiting time between the diseased patient images in the with-CADt scenario and that in the without-CADt scenario as our performance metric. As part of this effort, we have developed and also share a software tool to simulate the radiology workflow around medical image interpretation, to verify theoretical results, and to provide confidence intervals for the performance metric we defined. We show quantitatively that a CADt triage device is more effective in a busy, short-staffed reading setting, which is consistent with our clinical intuition and simulation results. Although this work is motivated by the need for evaluating CADt devices, the evaluation methodology presented in this paper can be applied to assess the time-saving performance of other types of algorithms that prioritize a subset of customers based on binary outputs.
The earned income tax credit (EITC) and time spent helping and caring for adults
Authors: Wiersma Strauss Anna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis is the first study to examine the effect of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) on unpaid caregiving for adults, which could operate through the credit’s effects on labor supply and household income. Using a sample of unmarried mothers and data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), I employ a simulated benefit approach to generate causal estimates of the effect of EITC generosity on time use. I find that increases in average EITC benefits have differential effects on assisting adults by both the age of the EITC recipient and the relationship between the EITC recipient and the care recipient. No effect is estimated for the youngest group of unmarried mothers (ages 25–34), who increase employment without reducing time spent assisting adults. In contrast, the oldest group of unmarried mothers (ages 45–54) responds by increasing their propensity to assist their parents while maintaining their labor supply. Unmarried mothers aged 35–44 both increase their labor supply and spend more time assisting adult family members on the intensive margin, even as they are less likely to assist parents on the extensive margin, especially with chore help. Results for other types of time use (home production, leisure, childcare, education, sleep), as well as probability of multigenerational co-residence, help explain these shifts. For example, for the oldest group of unmarried mothers, increased co-residence with parents is estimated to occur and may facilitate this labor-caregiving balance. These results add to a growing body of evidence that the EITC affects recipients’ time allocation beyond paid work and that the effects of the EITC span across generations and households.
Investment bank reputation and issuance fees: evidence from asset-backed securities
Authors: Karimov Nodirbek , Kara Alper , Downing Gareth 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe examine the relationship between investment bank (IB) reputation and fees paid in ABS issuance. We compile an extensive instrument level dataset of over 35,000 ABS issued between 1997 and 2018 in the US and the European market. We find that reputation of IBs is influential in determining the compensation they are paid for their services in ABS issuance. On average, reputable IBs receive 3.74% higher fees in comparison to others. Moreover, our results show IBs’ ability to obtain lower initial yield spreads in ABS issuance. Overall, our findings provide evidence to the arguments that reputable IBs with high market presence offer high-quality services and assurance to the market participants (i.e., certification effect) leading to better deals. In return, they are able to charge higher fees.
Inequalities in Water Insecurity in Kenya: A Multidimensional Approach
Authors: Njoroge Cecilia , Smith Anja , von Fintel Marisa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWater insecurity is a global concern likely to be compounded by increases in population and climate change. Existing water insecurity measurement methods capture multidimensional deprivation only at regional or sub-regional levels. Such estimates do not capture heterogeneous household experiences of water supply, proximity to water sources and affordability, which can vary substantially from regional averages. Accurate measurement requires a method that captures the incidence and intensity of a household’s simultaneous deprivation in dimensions of water accessibility, affordability, sufficiency and safety. We propose such a method and assess related inequalities using an approach analogous to the Alkire–Foster methodology for multidimensional poverty. Using household-level data from the Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey 2015/16, we find that 63% of the Kenyan population experience multiple deprivation in water access. The dimensions of water affordability and sufficiency contribute most to multidimensional water insecurity, highlighting the need to ensure an adequate supply of affordable water. Disparities by household place of residence, dwelling type, and socio-economic status are evident. The estimates of multidimensional water insecurity are robust to different deprivation and poverty cutoffs. Our analysis is an invitation to rethink water insecurity metrics, allowing water deprivation to be measured more frequently and with greater precision to understand its impact clearly.
How ideas connect to the world
Authors: Brown Andrew 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe celebrated Russian philosopher, Evald Ilyenkov, draws on Spinoza to solve a key philosophical problem: how exactly does the mind connect to the real world? However, the proposed solution has come under much criticism, for example in a recent special issue of Studies of East European Thought (74, 3). This paper aims to clearly explain the solution, overcoming misunderstandings that are evident in the special issue. The kernel of the solution is an argument that human cognition rests on practical activity. In practical activity humans do not act on a fixed structure within their own bodies, in the manner, say, that the activity of water is determined by its fixed structure, H2O. Instead, human practical activity directly connects with and continually adapts to the structures and causal powers of external bodies. Awareness of practical activity thereby gives the human mind access to a mode of activity that is in direct contact and ever-greater accordance with the objects of the real world. The paper will elaborate and develop this kernel, with particular attention to the notion of ‘causal powers’ that it contains, by drawing from the revival in philosophy and the social sciences of what has been termed ‘causal powers realism’. The paper thereby opens new insights and connections regarding the Spinoza-Ilyenkov solution, alleviating the potential for misunderstandings evident in the special issue.
Neuroidealism, perceptual acquaintance and the Kantian roots of predictive processing
Authors: Britten-Neish George 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPerception, according to advocates of the predictive processing (PP) framework in cognitive science, is a kind of controlled hallucination. Philosophers interested in PP, however, differ on how best to interpret this slogan. Does it suggest a new kind of idealism about perceptual objects or is it just a useful metaphor, illustrating something about how PP systems work without entailing a radical shakeup of mainstream realist views in the philosophy of perception? In this paper, I take a historically informed approach to this question, drawing on the Kantian roots of the contemporary framework. What perception reveals, according to PP, is a world shaped by the neurocomputational capacities and limitations of perceiving creatures. This means that the properties of perceived objects are, in an important and surprising sense, perceiver-dependent. Nonetheless, thanks to the integration of perceptual and agential capacities envisioned by PP, we should also accept a central claim of realism: in encountering this world we also encounter—come to be acquainted with—mind-independent particulars. PP thus supports a promising next step in the development of a Kantian argument linking the unity of agency to the objectivity of perception. The argument was advanced in its modern form by P.F. Strawson and has later been developed by Susan Hurley and others. In the revised form presented here, it says that PP-perceivers must be practically self-aware agents and that practically self-aware agents embedded in an environment can be acquainted with objects it contains.
Morphological, cytogenetic, and phytochemical estimation of Lychnis flos-cuculi L. cell cultures: can cell biomass be a source of bioactive compounds?
Authors: Hermosaningtyas Anastasia Aliesa , Kruszka Dariusz , Juszczyk Katarzyna , Rewers Monika , Budzianowska Anna , Yanti Yanti , Kikowska Małgorzata 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe ragged robin (Lychnis flos-cuculi L.) from the Caryophyllaceae family contains flavonoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, and ecdysteroids, making it potential for biological and medicinal application. Plant cell culture technologies could be beneficial for obtaining low-cost biomass sources with valuable phytochemicals sustainably. The current study reports the induction and proliferation of ragged robin cell culture and evaluation of various plant growth regulators (PGRs) impact on the secondary metabolites profile using UPLC-HRMS/MS. Callus was initiated from different explants on the Murashige and Skoog medium with various combinations and concentrations of PGRs. It was found that prolonged proliferation on MS medium enriched with a combination of 1.0 mg l− 1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.1 mg l− 1 N6-furfuryl adenine (Kinetin) yields the maximum biomass with 504.05% growth index. The results of flow cytometric analysis suggested no genetic alteration between differentiated and dedifferentiated cultures. Furthermore, the UPLC-HRMS/MS result distinguished 101 significant signals that were manually identified as ecdysteroids (16 metabolites), flavonoids (11 metabolites), phenolic acids (10 metabolites), triterpene saponins and sapogenins (53 metabolites), and some primary metabolites. Our study demonstrates that the cell culture of L. flos-cuculi displays significant differences in its phytochemical makeup to plants cultivated in vitro. Moreover, the type of growth regulators used for callus cultures was identified to cause substantial shifts in the identified metabolites.
Graphical Abstract
Bacillus velezensis CL197: a zearalenone detoxifying strain isolated from wheat with potential to be used in animal production
Authors: Orso Paloma Bianca , Evangelista Alberto Gonçalves , de Melo Nazareth Tiago , Luz Carlos , Bordin Keliani , Meca Giuseppe , Luciano Fernando Bittencourt 
Published: September 2024

AbstractZearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, and cause contamination of food and feed, with impacts in animal production and in food production chain. Effective detoxifying methods, such as biodegradation, are therefore required. This study aimed to isolate microorganisms and screen ZEA detoxifying strains. As a result, 197 microorganisms were isolated, and six were initially selected after colorimetric screening. ZEA (1 µg/mL) was added to culture media, and after 24 h, all six microorganisms were able to degrade ZEA, without the formation of α-ZOL. One isolate eliminated ~ 99% of ZEA and was identified as Bacillus velezensis CL197. ZEA metabolites produced by the bacteria were evaluated, and no metabolites with greater or similar toxicity than ZEA were detected. This strain was applied to swine in vitro digestion, and up to 64% of ZEA was degraded. B. velezensis CL197 significantly degraded ZEA, demonstrating potential to be used as a detoxifying agent in the food production chain as a biocontrol agent.
Complacency in the quantification and reporting of climate impacts as carbon dioxide equivalent emissions
Authors: Ridoutt Bradley 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The choice of characterization model has the potential to profoundly influence LCA results and conclusions. It is therefore a requirement of ISO 14044:2006 that the selection of characterization model shall be both justified and consistent with goal and scope. The purpose of this article was to examine current practices regarding the characterization of GHG emissions and reporting as CO2 equivalent emissions.

Methods
A survey of practice was conducted across articles recently published in the International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. Each article was examined using seven predetermined questions covering reporting of CO2 equivalent emissions and justification of climate metric used, interpretation of results in relation to climate measures or goals, and the implications of choosing an alternative climate metric.

Results and discussion
Of the sample of 85 articles, more than half reported GHG emissions as CO2 equivalent emissions. Of these, 81% unambiguously reported the climate metric used. Most often, there was no justification for the choice of a characterization model. Where a justification was given, the most common reason was alignment with the requirements of a program or PCR document. In some cases, the choice of characterization model was determined by the choice of impact assessment method (e.g., CML, ReCiPe). In other cases, the choice of characterization model was based on the desire to compare results to other studies. It is noted that none of the abovementioned reasons is scientific justification related to a stated climate objective. Not surprisingly, most studies made no attempt to interpret results reported as CO2 equivalent emissions in relation to climate measures or goals, and most did not discuss the potential implications of alternative climate metrics. For almost half of the articles, the choice of climate metric was assessed as potentially having major implications for decision-making or comparison to alternative systems.

Conclusions
Based on this survey, it is evident that key aspects of ISO 14044:2006 are routinely not being followed. When GHG emissions are aggregated into a single impact category indicator result, there is a loss of transparency about climate impacts over time and the potential to unknowingly trade short-term climate benefits against the exacerbation of the difficulties of achieving long-term climate stabilization. As such, whenever GHG emissions are reported as CO2 equivalent emissions, it is imperative that the choice of characterization model is unambiguously reported and justified, that results are interpreted in relation to environmental outcomes, and that the potential implications of selecting alternative models are discussed.

Graphical Abstract
What are escapists made of, and what does it have to do with excessive gambling and gaming?
Authors: Jouhki Hannu , Savolainen Iina , Hagfors Heli , Vuorinen Ilkka , Oksanen Atte 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResearch shows that escapism and frustration of basic psychological needs are linked with gambling and gaming problems, but an effect of escapism combined with restricted autonomy, competence, and relatedness on excessive gambling and gaming remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify shared characteristics of people who engage in escapist behavior and analyze to what extent the interaction of escapism and basic psychological need frustration predicts excessive gambling and gaming. We conducted a five-wave longitudinal survey with Finnish residents aged 18–75 years (n = 1530, 50.33% male) from April 2021 (T1) to April–May 2023 (T5). Measures included the Problem Gambling Severity Index, the ten-item Internet Gaming Disorder Test, and three escapism-specific questions. We analyzed the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale, sociodemographic controls, and personality traits using multilevel regression models. We found that escapism was related to autonomy frustration, competence frustration, male gender, impulsivity, openness, and having a significant other who has experienced gambling problems. Escapism predicted excessive gambling, and competence frustration moderated this association. Escapism also predicted excessive gaming, and autonomy frustration and competence frustration moderated this association. Research on and treatment of excessive gambling and gaming should consider these underlying factors driving escapism.
Defining Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) and Distinguishing it from Virtual Exchange
Authors: Hackett Simone , Dawson Mark , Janssen Jeroen , van Tartwijk Jan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCollaborative Online International Learning (COIL) is often framed as an example of a broader practice known as Virtual Exchange (VE). The term Virtual Exchange has increasingly been used as an attempt to unify a fragmented field of Higher Education practice and is often used interchangeably with the term COIL. However, the design of COIL, with its strong focus on collaborative and intercultural learning, is often very different to other VE initiatives. Labelling all VE initiatives, including COIL, generally as VE, can lead to both educators and researchers having difficulty identifying and distinguishing COIL. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a critical review of VE and define COIL and its key characteristics. This article also describes how theory can inform practice and explains why continued interchangeable use of the term COIL with the umbrella term Virtual Exchange is unhelpful for future research and practice.