bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domesticated honeybees facilitate interspecific hybridization between two Taraxacum congeners
Authors: Peng Youhong , Dong Yuran , Xu Haigen , Xi Xinqiang , Niklas Karl J. , Sun Shucun 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Interspecific hybridization is common in plants under natural conditions, but the ecological mechanisms underlying when and how it happens have not fully been understood.

Taraxacum calanthodium and Taraxacum lugubre are two herbaceous annals co‐occurring in alpine meadows of the eastern Tibetan Plateau that share the same pollinators including domestic honeybees during their overlapping flowering times. Because honeybees tend to visit flowers less discriminatively when bee densities are high, we hypothesized that intense apiculture would facilitate hybridization between these two congeneric species.

We tested this hypothesis by examining the frequencies of the two parent species occurrence and the hybrid (based on morphological and genetic differences) along three transects radiating from well‐established apiaries.

Experiments show that both T. calanthodium and T. lugubre produce seeds sexually and asexually, and that they can hybridize via pollen transfer. Bee visitation rates and the frequency of the hybrid were significantly higher in the sites nearest to apiaries compared to distant site along each of the three transects. The hybrids were consistently genetically intermediate between the two species, as indicated by simple sequence repeat‐based analyses.

Synthesis. These data indicate that domestic honeybees foster interspecific hybridization between the two Taraxacum species and that anthropogenic effects on pollen vectors can significantly influence species hybridization in nature. We suggest that more effort should be made to quantify the effects of environmental change on pollinators and their effects on species evolution.
Land use in mountain grasslands alters drought response and recovery of carbon allocation and plant‐microbial interactions
Authors: Karlowsky Stefan , Augusti Angela , Ingrisch Johannes , Hasibeder Roland , Lange Markus , Lavorel Sandra , Bahn Michael , Gleixner Gerd 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Mountain grasslands have recently been exposed to substantial changes in land use and climate and in the near future will likely face an increased frequency of extreme droughts. To date, how the drought responses of carbon (C) allocation, a key process in the C cycle, are affected by land‐use changes in mountain grassland is not known.

We performed an experimental summer drought on an abandoned grassland and a traditionally managed hay meadow and traced the fate of recent assimilates through the plant–soil continuum. We applied two 13CO2 pulses, at peak drought and in the recovery phase shortly after rewetting.

Drought decreased total C uptake in both grassland types and led to a loss of above‐ground carbohydrate storage pools. The below‐ground C allocation to root sucrose was enhanced by drought, especially in the meadow, which also held larger root carbohydrate storage pools.

The microbial community of the abandoned grassland comprised more saprotrophic fungal and Gram(+) bacterial markers compared to the meadow. Drought increased the newly introduced AM and saprotrophic (A+S) fungi:bacteria ratio in both grassland types. At peak drought, the 13C transfer into AM and saprotrophic fungi, and Gram(−) bacteria was more strongly reduced in the meadow than in the abandoned grassland, which contrasted the patterns of the root carbohydrate pools.

In both grassland types, the C allocation largely recovered after rewetting. Slowest recovery was found for AM fungi and their 13C uptake. In contrast, all bacterial markers quickly recovered C uptake. In the meadow, where plant nitrate uptake was enhanced after drought, C uptake was even higher than in control plots.

Synthesis. Our results suggest that resistance and resilience (i.e. recovery) of plant C dynamics and plant‐microbial interactions are negatively related, that is, high resistance is followed by slow recovery and vice versa. The abandoned grassland was more resistant to drought than the meadow and possibly had a stronger link to AM fungi that could have provided better access to water through the hyphal network. In contrast, meadow communities strongly reduced C allocation to storage and C transfer to the microbial community in the drought phase, but in the recovery phase invested C resources in the bacterial communities to gain more nutrients for regrowth. We conclude that the management of mountain grasslands increases their resilience to drought.
Heterogeneous Relationships between Labor Income and Health by Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Meraya Abdulkarim M. , Dwibedi Nilanjana , Innes Kim , Mitra Sophie , Tan Xi , Sambamoorthi Usha 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the race‐stratified relationships between labor income and health among working‐age adults in the United States.Data SourcesData from eight waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics from 1999 through 2013 were used for this study.Study DesignThe study utilized a retrospective observational longitudinal design with repeated measures of labor income and health measures. System‐generalized method of moment and heteroscedasticity‐based instrument regressions were used to examine the relationships between labor income and physical and mental health measures, respectively. Dynamic panel models were used to examine the effect of loss in income on health measures.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe performed secondary data analysis.Principal FindingsAdults in higher labor income quartiles had better self‐rated health than those in the lowest quartile regardless of racial group. The relationship between labor income and psychological distress varied by race groups. Reductions in labor income were associated with increases in psychological distress among whites only.ConclusionThese findings suggest heterogeneous relationships between labor income and overall health across racial groups. Our results highlight the need to provide safety nets for adults who experience a decline in income to prevent deterioration in health.
Molecular phylogeny ofEntomobrya(Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China: Color pattern groups and multiple origins
Authors: Ding Yin‐Huan , Yu Dao‐Yuan , Guo Wei‐Bo , Li Jian‐Nan , Zhang Feng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHighly diversified colorations among springtails (Collembola) have been widely used for species diagnosis, but their phylogenetic significance is poorly known. We addressed this issue in the largest Entomobryinae genusEntomobrya, which possesses variable color patterns among species. The relationships within the genus and to other genera have also rarely been studied. Based on material mainly from China, we have conducted a multilocus phylogeny and topology tests with likelihood and Bayesian algorithms, and accordingly demonstrated the non‐monophyly of ChineseEntomobrya. The division of five clades, includingEntomobryaand several related genera, coincided well with five types of colorations, respectively. Further analyses of divergence time and historical biogeography revealed that ChineseEntomobryaoriginated mainly from Palearctic (northern and western) China in the Paleocene and Eocene. This study highlights the great phylogenetic values as well as taxonomic uses of coloration in ChineseEntomobrya. Multiple phylogenetic and biogeographic origins ofEntomobryaimply its complicated relationships with both scaled and unscaled genera of Entomobryinae.
Community level impacts of invasive mosquitofish may exacerbate the impact to a threatened amphibian
Authors: Klop‐Toker Kaya , Valdez Jose , Stockwell Michelle , Clulow Simon , Clulow John , Mahony Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInvasive fish threaten many native freshwater fauna. However, it can be difficult to determine how invasive fish impact animals with complex life cycles as interaction may be driven by either predation of aquatic larvae or avoidance of fish‐occupied waterbodies by the terrestrial adult stage. Mosquitofish (Gambusia spp.) are highly successful and aggressive invaders that negatively impact numerous aquatic fauna. One species potentially threatened by Gambusia holbrooki is the green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea). However, G. holbrooki's role in this frog's decline was unclear due to declines driven by the chytrid fungal disease and the continued co‐existence of these fish and frogs in multiple locations. To clarify the extent to which Gambusia is impacting L. aurea, we conducted 3 years of field surveys across a deltaic wetland system in south‐east Australia. We measured the presence and abundance of aquatic taxa including G. holbrooki, and L. aurea frogs and tadpoles, along with habitat parameters at the landscape and microhabitat scale. Generalized linear models were used to explore patterns in the abundance and distributions of L. aurea and G. holbrooki. We found strong negative associations between G. holbrooki and tadpoles of most species, including L. aurea, but no apparent avoidance of G. holbrooki by adult frogs. Native invertebrate predators (Odonata and Coleoptera) were also absent from G. holbrooki‐occupied ponds. Due to the apparent naivety of adult frogs toward G. holbrooki, the separation of G. holbrooki and tadpoles, plus the abundance of alternative predators in G. holbrooki‐free ponds, we conclude that the impact of G. holbrooki on L. aurea recruitment is likely substantial and warrants management action.
Chronic endometritis in patients with unexplained infertility: Prevalence and effects of antibiotic treatment on spontaneous conception
Authors: Cicinelli Ettore , Matteo Maria , Trojano Giueseppe , Mitola Paola C. , Tinelli Raffaele , Vitagliano Amerigo , Crupano Francesco M. , Lepera Achiropita , Miragliotta Giuseppe , Resta Leonardo 
Published: November 2017

ProblemThe correlations between chronic endometritis and unexplained infertility are unexplored.Method of StudyWe performed a retrospective study on consecutive patients referred to our hysteroscopy service due to unexplained infertility. All women underwent endometrial sampling with histological and cultural examinations. If chronic endometritis was diagnosed, patients received antibiotic therapy, and chronic endometritis resolution was subsequently ascertained by histological examination. We aimed to estimate chronic endometritis prevalence and the effects of antibiotic therapy on spontaneous conception during the year following hysteroscopy.ResultsA total number of 95 women were included. Pooled prevalence of chronic endometritis was 56.8%. Antibiotic therapy resulted in chronic endometritis resolution in 82.3% of patients, while in 17.6% disease was persistent. Women with cured chronic endometritis showed higher pregnancy rate and live birth rate in comparison with both women with persistent disease and women without chronic endometritis diagnosis (pregnancy rate = 76.3% vs 20% vs 9.5%, P < .0001; live birth rate = 65.8% vs 6.6% vs 4.8%, P < .0001).ConclusionChronic endometritis is highly prevalent in patients with unexplained infertility. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic endometritis improve spontaneous pregnancy rate and live birth rate in such patients.
Low molecular weight heparin and aspirin exacerbate human endometrial endothelial cell responses to antiphospholipid antibodies
Authors: Quao Zola Chihombori , Tong Mancy , Bryce Elena , Guller Seth , Chamley Lawrence W. , Abrahams Vikki M. 
Published: November 2017

ProblemWomen with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are at risk for pregnancy complications despite treatment with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or aspirin (ASA). aPL recognizing beta2 glycoprotein I can target the uterine endothelium, however, little is known about its response to aPL. This study characterized the effect of aPL on human endometrial endothelial cells (HEECs), and the influence of LMWH and ASA.Method of studyHEECs were exposed to aPL or control IgG, with or without low‐dose LMWH and ASA, alone or in combination. Chemokine and angiogenic factor secretion were measured by ELISA. A tube formation assay was used to measure angiogenesis.ResultsaPL increased HEEC secretion of pro‐angiogenic VEGF and PlGF; increased anti‐angiogenic sFlt‐1; inhibited basal secretion of the chemokines MCP‐1, G‐CSF, and GRO‐α; and impaired angiogenesis. LMWH and ASA, alone and in combination, exacerbated the aPL‐induced changes in the HEEC angiogenic factor and chemokine profile. There was no reversal of the aPL inhibition of HEEC angiogenesis by either single or combination therapy.ConclusionBy aPL inhibiting HEEC chemokine secretion and promoting sFlt‐1 release, the uterine endothelium may contribute to impaired placentation and vascular transformation. LMWH and ASA may further contribute to endothelium dysfunction in women with obstetric APS.
You're Hired! Mortality Salience Increases Americans’ Support for Donald Trump
Authors: Cohen Florette , Solomon Sheldon , Kaplin Daniel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSupport for presidential candidate Donald Trump increased in the aftermath of the 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris, France, and San Bernardino, California, similar to Americans’ greater enthusiasm for President George W. Bush after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the Pentagon and World Trade Center. According to terror management theory (Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon; Solomon, Greenberg, & Pyszczynski), people are prone to embrace charismatic politicians in times of historical upheaval to mitigate existential terror. Consistent with this view, previous research has demonstrated that reminders of death (relative to an aversive control condition) increased support for a charismatic leader in a hypothetical gubernatorial election, and support for President Bush and his policies in Iraq prior to the 2004 presidential election. The present Study 1 hypothesized and found that a death reminder increased support for Donald Trump. Study 2 found that while Hillary Clinton was viewed more favorably than Donald Trump in an aversive control condition, Mr. Trump was viewed more favorably in response to a death reminder while impressions of Mrs. Clinton were unaffected. Study 3 demonstrated that asking people to think about immigrants moving into their neighborhood increased the accessibility of implicit death thoughts. These findings suggest that electoral outcomes and public policy can be affected when existential concerns are aroused.
Children's understanding of multiplication and division: Insights from a pooled analysis of seven studies conducted across 7 years
Authors: Dubé Adam K. , Robinson Katherine M. 
Published: November 2017

Research suggests that children's conceptual understanding of multiplication and division is weak and that it remains poor well into the later elementary school years. Further, children's understanding of fundamental concepts such as inversion and associativity does not improve as they progress from grades 6 to 8. Instead, some children simply possess strong understanding while others do not. Other studies have identified an increase across these grades. The present investigation analyses data from seven studies of Grade 6 (n = 226), Grade 7 (n = 221), and Grade 8 (n = 216) children's three‐term problem‐solving (e.g., 3 × 24 ÷ 24 and 3 × 24 ÷ 6) and provides a unified account of multiplication and division understanding, one in which grade differences and individual variability coexist and are moderated by sex.

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Children's conceptual understanding of multiplication and division is weak and it is unclear whether it increases across the key grades of 6–8.

Understanding of the inversion and associativity concepts is characterized by high individual variability, but grade and sex have never been found to be a contributing factor.

What does this study add?

A meta‐analysis of seven data sets (n = 643) indicates that grade differences and individual variability coexist and are moderated by sex.

Understanding increases across grade only for boys, but an equal number of boys and girls are in the top 10% of conceptual problem‐solvers.
Inhibition of acid‐sensing ion channels by diminazene and APETx2 evoke partial and highly variable antihyperalgesia in a rat model of inflammatory pain
Authors: Lee Jia Yu Peppermint , Saez Natalie J , Cristofori‐Armstrong Ben , Anangi Raveendra , King Glenn F , Smith Maree T , Rash Lachlan D 
Published: November 2017

Background and PurposeAcid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) are primary acid sensors in mammals, with the ASIC1b and ASIC3 subtypes being involved in peripheral nociception. The antiprotozoal drug diminazene is a moderately potent ASIC inhibitor, but its analgesic activity has not been assessed.Experimental ApproachWe determined the ASIC subtype selectivity of diminazene and the mechanism by which it inhibits ASICs using voltage‐clamp electrophysiology of Xenopus oocytes expressing ASICs 1–3. Its peripheral analgesic activity was then assessed relative to APETx2, an ASIC3 inhibitor, and morphine, in a Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)‐induced rat model of inflammatory pain.Key ResultsDiminazene inhibited homomeric rat ASICs with IC50 values of ~200–800 nM, via an open channel and subtype‐dependent mechanism. In rats with FCA‐induced inflammatory pain in one hindpaw, diminazene and APETx2 evoked more potent peripheral antihyperalgesia than morphine, but the effect was partial for APETx2. APETx2 potentiated rat ASIC1b at concentrations 30‐fold to 100‐fold higher than the concentration inhibiting ASIC3, which may have implications for its use in in vivo experiments.Conclusions and ImplicationsDiminazene and APETx2 are moderately potent ASIC inhibitors, both inducing peripheral antihyperalgesia in a rat model of chronic inflammatory pain. APETx2 has a more complex ASIC pharmacology, which must be considered when it is used as a supposedly selective ASIC3 inhibitor in vivo. Our use of outbred rats revealed responders and non‐responders when ASIC inhibition was used to alleviate inflammatory pain, which is aligned with the concept of number‐needed‐to‐treat in human clinical studies.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Advances in Targeting Ion Channels to Treat Chronic Pain. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.12/issuetoc
Long‐term follow‐up after implantation of a telemetric intraocular pressure sensor in patients with glaucoma: a safety report
Authors: Koutsonas Antonis , Walter Peter , Roessler Gernot , Plange Niklas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractImportanceTo investigate the long‐term safety of a novel intraocular telemetric pressure sensor.BackgroundAcquisition of accurate intraocular pressure (IOP) data is vital for sufficient medical care of glaucoma patients. Non‐invasive self‐tonometry with a telemetric IOP sensor can provide important information regarding the individual IOP profile.DesignRetrospective analysis of long‐term follow‐up data assessed during outpatient visits in a university hospital.ParticipantsSix patients with open‐angle glaucoma were included. Unfortunately, one patient passed away shortly after completion of the original 1‐year study.MethodsWithin the scope of a prospective 1‐year pilot clinical trial, a telemetric IOP sensor was inserted into the ciliary sulcus after intracapsular lens implantation during planned cataract surgery. Patients were regularly examined as outpatients even beyond the duration of the 1‐year study. Data concerning sensor functionality, safety parameters and home self‐tonometry were assessed.Main Outcome MeasuresLong‐term sensor functionality and safety.ResultsSensor measurements were always successful in every patient. Additionally, home self‐tonometry was conducted without any problems by every patient. The average follow‐up period was 37.5 months (21–50 months). During this period, the average number of IOP measurements performed per patient was 1273 (223–2884 measurements). No severe adverse events were reported. A varying degree of pupillary distortion was observed after 6–12 months in every patient; this remained unchanged thereafter with only one exception.Conclusions and RelevanceTelemetric IOP sensors showed good functionality and tolerability during long‐term follow‐up. Non‐invasive self‐tonometry with a telemetric IOP sensor can provide useful additional data for future monitoring of patients with glaucoma.
Organ preservation in rectal cancer: a synopsis of current guidelines
Authors: Borstlap W. A. A. , van Oostendorp S. E. , Klaver C. E. L. , Hahnloser D. , Cunningham C. , Rullier E. , Bemelman W. A. , Tuynman J. B. , Tanis P. J. ,   the Research Committee of the European Society of Coloproctology
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimThe high morbidity associated with radical resection for rectal cancer is an incentive for surgeons to adopt strategies aimed at organ preservation, particularly for early disease. There are a number of different approaches to achieve this. In this study we have collated current national and international guidelines to produce a synopsis to support this changing practice.MethodThe PubMed, Embase, Trip, National Guideline Clearinghouse and BMJ Best Practice databases were interrogated. Guidelines published before 2010 were excluded. The AGREE‐II tool was used for quality assessment.ResultsTwenty‐four guidelines were drawn from 2278 potential publications. A consensus exists for local excision for ‘low‐risk’ T1 rectal cancer but there is no agreement on how to stratify the risk of treatment failure. There is a low level of agreement for rectal preservation for more advanced disease, but when mentioned it is recommended for unfit patients or in the context of a clinical trial. Guidelines are inconsistent with respect to surveillance in node‐negative disease and after complete response to chemoradiotherapy.ConclusionAccording to current guidelines and consensus statements, organ preservation for rectal cancer beyond low‐risk T1 is still considered experimental and only indicated in patients who are unsuitable for radical surgery. Follow‐up strategies and cN0 staging deserve attention, highlighting the need for high‐quality clinical trials.
Reproducibility of diagnostic criteria associated with atypical breast cytology
Authors: Weigner J. , Zardawi I. , Braye S. , McElduff P. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this project was to assess the interobserver and intraobserver variability when identifying cytological criteria, which were found to have a statistically significant association with C3 within a workplace environment.MethodsSixty C3 cases with known endpoints of malignant, benign proliferative or benign non‐proliferative diagnoses were blindly and independently screened by seven experienced cytologists to identify previously reported statistically significant criteria associated with the C3 category. The criteria included the presence of myoepithelial cells or bare bipolar nuclei, cohesiveness, cystic background, papillary fragments with fibrovascular cores and tubular structures. Kappa statistics were used to measure interobserver variability. Two cytologists repeated the process 6 months later to obtain intraobserver data.ResultsThe interobserver agreement was poor for all criteria except tubules which performed badly. The intraobserver variability for the two cytologists showed that one cytologist achieved moderate intraobserver agreement for all the criteria except cohesion which was poor, whilst the second cytologist showed poor agreement for all criteria. The reasons for the variability are multifactorial and include threshold effects where criteria lack good definition or error in identifying the criteria.ConclusionInterobserver and intraobserver variability remains a significant challenge for cytologists. Despite attempts to define significant criteria associated with C3, good reproducibility could not be achieved. The C3 category is imprecise and highlights the inadequacy of the current classification reporting categories for breast FNA. The impending review of reporting breast cytology by the International Academy of Cytology is timely and appropriate.