bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a single, practical measure of surgical site infection (SSI) for patient report or observer completion
Authors: Macefield Rhiannon C , Reeves Barnaby C , Milne Thomas K , Nicholson Alexandra , Blencowe Natalie S , Calvert Melanie , Avery Kerry NL , Messenger David E , Bamford Richard , Pinkney Thomas D , Blazeby Jane M 
Published: February 2017

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the third most common hospital-associated infection and can lead to significant patient morbidity and healthcare costs. Identification of SSIs is key to surveillance and research but reliable assessment is challenging, particularly after hospital discharge when most SSIs present. Existing SSI measurement tools have limitations and their suitability for post-discharge surveillance is uncertain. Aims: This study aimed to develop a single measure to identify SSI after hospital discharge, suitable for patient or observer completion. Methods: A three-phase mixed methods study was undertaken: Phase 1, an analysis of existing tools and semi-structured interviews with patients and professionals to establish the content of the measure; Phase 2, development of questionnaire items suitable for patients and professionals; Phase 3, pre-testing the single measure to assess acceptability and understanding to both stakeholder groups. Interviews and pre-testing took place over 12 months in 2014–2015 with patients and professionals from five specialties recruited from two UK hospital Trusts. Findings: Analyses of existing tools and interviews identified 19 important domains for assessing SSIs. Domains were developed into provisional questionnaire items. Pre-testing and iterative revision resulted in a final version with 16 items that were understood and easily completed by patients and observers (healthcare professionals). Conclusion: A single patient and observer measure for post-discharge SSI assessment has been developed. Further testing of the validity, reliability and accuracy of the measure is underway.
CT patterns of organizing pneumonia in patients treated with VEGF/mTOR inhibitors for metastatic renal cell cancer: an observational study
Authors: Dettmer Sabine , Grünwald Viktor , Fuehner Thomas , Ganser Arnold , Wacker Frank , Ivanyi Philipp , Rodt Thomas 
Published: February 2017

Background Targeted therapies are the standard treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and are known to cause adverse pulmonary events. Organizing pneumonia (OP) with its various manifestations in computed tomography (CT) has therefore lately received more attention. Purpose To describe the spectrum of CT patterns of OP in patients with mRCC receiving targeted therapies. Material and Methods Seventeen patients with known therapy-related OP were analyzed retrospectively by two blinded radiologists in consensus. Images were scored according to OP patterns that have previously been described. Additionally, the distribution and the predominant imaging pattern in each patient were determined. Results In our cohort, ground glass opacity was the most common imaging pattern (17/17, 100%) in patients with OP followed by a reticular pattern (12/17, 71%), consolidations (10/17, 59%), nodules (7/17, 41%), crazy paving (5/17, 29%), bronchi(ol)ectasis (4/17, 24%), focal mass (3/17, 18%), and reversed halo (1/17, 6%). The most common imaging pattern was changing multifocal consolidations (8/17, 47%). A bronchocentric and a nodular pattern were found in four patients (24%) each, a progressive fibrotic pattern in none patient, and reversed halo/atoll pattern in one (6%) case. Conclusion OP is the major differential diagnosis to be considered in patients with targeted therapies and pulmonary changes. Knowledge of the variety of imaging findings can facilitate diagnosis.
A randomized control trial to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous, intra-articular and topical wash regimes of tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Prakash Jatin , Seon Jong-Keun , Park Yong Jin , Jin Cheng , Song Eun-Kyoo 
Published: February 2017

Background: The efficacy of tranexamic acid to decrease post-operative blood loss and blood transfusion is well established in literature. However, the ideal mode of administration is debatable. Limited literature has compared all the available modes of administration including intravenous (IV), topical irrigation and retrograde through drain. We hypothesized that no difference would be present in either form of administration of tranexamic acid. Methods: Fifty patients in four groups were enrolled for study. Group 1 received drug intravenously, group 2 had topical washing with drug before closure, group 3 received drug after closure through drain and group 4 was control that received no tranexamic acid. Post-operative blood loss, calculated blood loss, haemoglobin drop, transfusion requirements and complications were studied for all four groups. Results: Tranexamic acid results in lower bleeding irrespective of the mode of administration compared to control group. Total loss at end of 5 days is similar in all tranexamic acid groups irrespective of method used to deliver the drug. Calculated blood loss and haemoglobin drop was minimum for IV and in patients who were administered drug retrograde through drain. Requirement for blood transfusion was found to be lower in all tranexamic acid patients compared to non-tranexamic acid group. The requirement was highest in topical wash group among all tranexamic acid groups. Conclusion: We conclude that intra-articular administration through drain and IV administration are equally effective and superior to topical wash method in reducing blood loss, haemoglobin fall and transfusion requirements.
Oxygen therapy for interstitial lung disease: a systematic review
Authors: Bell Emily C. , Cox Narelle S. , Goh Nicole , Glaspole Ian , Westall Glen P. , Watson Alice , Holland Anne E. 
Published: February 2017

This review aims to establish the impact of oxygen therapy on dyspnoea, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), exercise capacity and mortality in interstitial lung disease (ILD).We included studies that compared oxygen therapy to no oxygen therapy in adults with ILD. No limitations were placed on study design or intervention type. Two reviewers independently evaluated studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. The primary outcome was dyspnoea.Eight studies evaluated the acute effects of oxygen (n=1509). There was no effect of oxygen therapy on modified Borg dyspnoea score at end exercise (mean difference (MD) −0.06 units, 95% CI −0.24–0.13; two studies, n=27). However, effects on exercise outcomes consistently favoured oxygen therapy. One study showed reduction in dyspnoea at rest with oxygen in patients who were acutely unwell (MD visual analogue scale 30 mmversus48 mm, p<0.05; n=10). Four studies of long-term oxygen therapy (n=2670) had high risk of bias and no inferences could be drawn.This systematic review showed no effects of oxygen therapy on dyspnoea during exercise in ILD, although exercise capacity was increased. Future trials should evaluate whether acute improvements in exercise capacity with oxygen can be translated into improved physical activity and HRQoL.
Personalising airway clearance in chronic lung disease
Authors: McIlwaine Maggie , Bradley Judy , Elborn J. Stuart , Moran Fidelma 
Published: February 2017

This review describes a framework for providing a personalised approach to selecting the most appropriate airway clearance technique (ACT) for each patient. It is based on a synthesis of the physiological evidence that supports the modulation of ventilation and expiratory airflow as a means of assisting airway clearance. Possession of a strong understanding of the physiological basis for ACTs will enable clinicians to decide which ACT best aligns with the individual patient's pathology in diseases with anatomical bronchiectasis and mucus hypersecretion.The physiological underpinning of postural drainage is that by placing a patient in various positions, gravity enhances mobilisation of secretions. Newer ACTs are based on two other physiological premises: the ability to ventilate behind obstructed regions of the lung and the capacity to achieve the minimum expiratory airflow bias necessary to mobilise secretions. After reviewing each ACT to determine if it utilises both ventilation and expiratory flow, these physiological concepts are assessed against the clinical evidence to provide a mechanism for the effectiveness of each ACT. This article provides the clinical rationale necessary to determine the most appropriate ACT for each patient, thereby improving care.
Controlling residual hydrogen gas in mass spectra during pulsed laser atom probe tomography
Authors: Kolli R. Prakash 
Published: February 2017

AbstractResidual hydrogen (H2) gas in the analysis chamber of an atom probe instrument limits the ability to measure H concentration in metals and alloys. Measuring H concentration would permit quantification of important physical phenomena, such as hydrogen embrittlement, corrosion, hydrogen trapping, and grain boundary segregation. Increased insight into the behavior of residual H2 gas on the specimen tip surface in atom probe instruments could help reduce these limitations. The influence of user-selected experimental parameters on the field adsorption and desorption of residual H2 gas on nominally pure copper (Cu) was studied during ultraviolet pulsed laser atom probe tomography. The results indicate that the total residual hydrogen concentration, HTOT, in the mass spectra exhibits a generally decreasing trend with increasing laser pulse energy and increasing laser pulse frequency. Second-order interaction effects are also important. The pulse energy has the greatest influence on the quantity HTOT, which is consistently less than 0.1 at.% at a value of 80 pJ.
Energy metabolism drives myeloid-derived suppressor cell differentiation and functions in pathology
Authors: Sica Antonio , Strauss Laura 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Over the last decade, a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with major regulatory functions has been described in cancer and other pathologic conditions and ultimately defined as MDSCs. Most of the early work on the origins and functions of MDSCs has been in murine and human tumor bearers in which MDSCs are known to be immunosuppressive and to result in both reduced immune surveillance and antitumor cytotoxicity. More recent studies, however, suggest that expansion of these immature myeloid cells may be linked to most, if not all, chronic and acute inflammatory processes. The universal expansion to inflammatory stimuli of MDSCs suggests that these cells may be more of a normal component of the inflammatory response (emergency myelopoiesis) than simply a pathologic response to a growing tumor. Instead of an adverse immunosuppressive response, expansion of these immature myeloid cell populations may result from a complex balance between increased immune surveillance and dampened adaptive immune responses that are common to many inflammatory responses. Within this scenario, new pathways of metabolic reprogramming are emerging as drivers of MDSC differentiation and functions in cancer and inflammatory disorders, crucially linking metabolic syndrome to inflammatory processes.
The focal adhesion targeting domain of p130Cas confers a mechanosensing function
Authors: Bradbury Peta M. , Turner Kylie , Mitchell Camilla , Griffin Kaitlyn R. , Middlemiss Shiloh , Lau Loretta , Dagg Rebecca , Taran Elena , Cooper-White Justin , Fabry Ben , O'Neill Geraldine M. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Members of the Cas family of focal adhesion proteins contain a highly conserved C-terminal focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain. To determine the role of the FAT domain in these proteins, we compared wild-type exogenous NEDD9 with a hybrid construct in which the NEDD9 FAT domain had been exchanged for the p130Cas (also known as BCAR1) FAT domain. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) revealed significantly slowed exchange of the fusion protein at focal adhesions and significantly slower two-dimensional migration. No differences were detected in cell stiffness as measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and in cell adhesion forces measured with a magnetic tweezer device. Thus, the slowed migration was not due to changes in cell stiffness or adhesion strength. Analysis of cell migration on surfaces of increasing rigidity revealed a striking reduction of cell motility in cells expressing the p130Cas FAT domain. The p130Cas FAT domain induced rigidity-dependent phosphorylation of tyrosine residues within NEDD9. This in turn reduced post-translational cleavage of NEDD9, which we show inhibits NEDD9-induced migration. Collectively, our data therefore suggest that the p130Cas FAT domain uniquely confers a mechanosensing function.
Validation of syngeneic mouse models of melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer for investigating the anticancer effects of the soy-derived peptide Lunasin
Authors: Devapatla Bharat , Shidal Chris , Yaddanapudi Kavitha , Davis Keith R. 
Published: February 2017

Background: Lunasin is a naturally occurring peptide present in soybean that has both chemopreventive and therapeutic activities that can prevent cellular transformation and inhibit the growth of several human cancer types. Recent studies indicate that Lunasin has several distinct potential modes of action including suppressing integrin signaling and epigenetic effects driven by modulation of histone acetylation. In addition to direct effects on cancer cells, Lunasin also has effects on innate immunity that may contribute to its ability to inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Methods: Standard assays for cell proliferation and colony formation were used to assess Lunasin’s in vitro activity against murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and B16-F0 melanoma cells. Lunasin’s in vivo activity was assessed by comparing the growth of tumors initiated by subcutaneous implantation of LLC or B16-F0 cells in Lunasin-treated and untreated C57BL/6 mice. Results: Lunasin was found to inhibit growth of murine LLC cells and murine B16-F0 melanoma cells in vitro and in wild-type C57BL/6 mice. The effects of Lunasin in these two mouse models were very similar to those previously observed in studies of human non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma cell lines. Conclusions: We have now validated two established syngeneic mouse models as being responsive to Lunasin treatment. The validation of these two in vivo syngeneic models will allow detailed studies on the combined therapeutic and immune effects of Lunasin in a fully immunocompetent mouse model.
Cognitive Hierarchy in Capacity Allocation Games
Authors: Cui Tony Haitao , Zhang Yinghao 
Published: February 2017

We examine a supply chain with a single supplier and multiple retailers to predict retailers’ actual ordering behaviors. If retailer orders exceed supplier capacity, a proportional rationing rule applies to capacity allocation among retailers. We propose a behavior model based on cognitive hierarchy theory, in which retailers with different levels of strategic-reasoning capabilities form heterogeneous beliefs about other players’ capabilities when choosing their orders. This behavioral model yields three interesting predictions. First, retailers’ orders increase as the number of retailers decreases or the supplier’s production capacity shrinks. Second, the orders tend to increase as the retailer population becomes more “sophisticated.” Third, retailers’ profits first increase in relation to their strategic-reasoning capabilities and then decrease, indicating an inverted U-shaped relationship between profits and strategic-reasoning capabilities. We experimentally examine the capacity allocation game with participants motivated by financial incentives. The experimental results and structural model estimation confirm the predictions of the behavioral model. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2655 . This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.
The 2016 Presidential Election by the Numbers and in Historical Perspective
Authors: Jacobs Nicholas , Ceaser James W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUsing election results as our point of departure, this article places the 2016 presidential election in historical perspective. Trump’s victory was an “expected” outcome, as races following two-terms of one party rule usually go to the opposition party. Trump also ran close to fellow Republicans competing for Congress despite his unusual relationship with many of those in the party he captured. Trump’s victory in the presidential contest proved remarkably economical. He lost most of his votes relative to Romney in 2012 in places where it did not matter, while his opponent ran up the score in the states she already had locked down. We further measure the increasing geographic concentration of each major party’s electoral support and consider how this relates to the controversy over the Electoral College.
Virtual Mentoring Program within an Online Doctoral Nursing Education Program: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Welch Susan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of doctoral nursing education students who participated in a virtual mentoring program. A phenomenological design was used to enable the researchers to gain an understanding of the research phenomenon. The three patterns that emerged during the study were Confirmation of Mentoring, Building Communities, and Learning the Role of Doctoral Student. Under the pattern of Confirmation of Mentoring were the themes of Receiving Academic Support and Receiving Personal Support. Under the pattern of Building Communities were the themes of Getting to Know Mentors and Understanding the Importance of Relationships. Under the pattern of Learning of Role of Doctoral Student were the themes of Balancing Time and Learning Technology. Additional research is needed to more fully explore virtual mentoring within doctoral programs.
An investigation on hyper S-posets over ordered semihypergroups
Authors: Tang Jian , Davvaz Bijan , Xie Xiang-Yun 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we define and study the hyper S-posets over an ordered semihypergroup in detail. We introduce the hyper version of a pseudoorder in a hyper S-poset, and give some related properties. In particular, we characterize the structure of factor hyper S-posets by pseudoorders. Furthermore, we introduce the concepts of order-congruences and strong order-congruences on a hyper S-poset A, and obtain the relationship between strong order-congruences and pseudoorders on A. We also characterize the (strong) order-congruences by the ρ-chains, where ρ is a (strong) congruence on A. Moreover, we give a method of constructing order-congruences, and prove that every hyper S-subposet B of a hyper S-poset A is a congruence class of one order-congruence on A if and only if B is convex. In the sequel, we give some homomorphism theorems of hyper S-posets, which are generalizations of similar results in S-posets and ordered semigroups.
Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics of the Railway Vehicle
Authors: Uyulan Çağlar , Gokasan Metin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a railway vehicle are checked into thoroughly by applying two different wheel-rail contact model: a heuristic nonlinear friction creepage model derived by using Kalker ’s theory and Polach model including dead-zone clearance. This two models are matched with the quasi-static form of the LuGre model to obtain more realistic wheel-rail contact model. LuGre model parameters are determined using nonlinear optimization method, which it’s objective is to minimize the error between the output of the Polach and Kalker model and quasi-static LuGre model for specific operating conditions. The symmetric/asymmetric bifurcation attitude and stable/unstable motion of the railway vehicle in the presence of nonlinearities which are yaw damping forces in the longitudinal suspension system are analyzed in great detail by changing the vehicle speed. Phase portraits of the lateral displacement of the leading wheelset of the railway vehicle are drawn below and on the critical speeds, where sub-critical Hopf bifurcation take place, for two wheel-rail contact model. Asymmetric periodic motions have been observed during the simulation in the lateral displacement of the wheelset under different vehicle speed range. The coexistence of multiple steady states cause bounces in the amplitude of vibrations, resulting instability problems of the railway vehicle. By using Lyapunov’s indirect method, the critical hunting speeds are calculated with respect to the radius of the curved track parameter changes. Hunting, which is defined as the oscillation of the lateral displacement of wheelset with a large domain, is described by a limit cycle-type oscillation nature. The evaluated accuracy of the LuGre model adopted from Kalker’s model results for prediction of critical speed is higher than the results of the LuGre model adopted from Polach’s model. From the results of the analysis, the critical hunting speed must be resolved by investigating the track tests under various kind of excitations.
Cut and Tape: Marguerite Yourcenar’s Emendations to a Typescript of L’Œuvre au noir
Authors: Smith Theresa J. , Burns Thea 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMarguerite Yourcenar’s manuscript L’Œuvre au noir was off limits to scholars for years because of its fragile condition. In all there were 6,725 inches (17,081.5 cm) of rubber-based and synthetic adhesive tapes used in the two-volume manuscript. The primary challenge was the failure of the rubber-based adhesive, causing the composite leaves to flutter in a pile of paper scraps when a page was turned. To complicate matters, Yourcenar often typed and wrote directly on the tapes, necessitating their preservation and reattachment. It took two conservators 290 hours to stabilize this manuscript, facilitating safe consultation by researchers.