bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cubic perovskite fluoride anode with the surface conversion reactions dominated mechanism for advanced lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ju Zhicheng , Feng Qilin , Wang Xinfeng , Zhuang Quanchao , Shi Yueli , Jiang Jiangmin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Perovskite fluorides are attractive anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their three-dimensional diffusion channels and robust structures, which are advantageous for the rapid transmission of lithium ions. Unfortunately, the wide band gap results in poor electronic conductivity, which limits their further development and application. Herein, the cubic perovskite iron fluoride (KFeF3, KFF) nanocrystals (∼100 nm) are synthesized by a one-step solvothermal strategy. Thanks to the good electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the overall electrochemical performance of composite anode material (KFF-CNTs) has been significantly improved. In particular, the KFF-CNTs deliver a high specific capacity (363.8 mAh g−1), good rate performance (131.6 mAh g−1 at 3.2 A g−1), and superior cycle stability (500 cycles). Note that the surface conversion reactions play a dominant role in the electrochemical process of KFF-CNTs, together with the stable octahedral perovskite structure and nanoscale particle sizes achieving high ion diffusion coefficients. Furthermore, the specific lithium storage mechanism of KFF has been explored by the distribution of relaxation times technology. This work opens up a new way for developing cubic perovskite fluorides as high-capacity and robust anode materials for LIBs.
Global and local feature extraction based on convolutional neural network residual learning for MR image denoising
Authors: Li Meng , Yun Juntong , Liu Dingxi , Jiang Daixiang , Xiong Hanlin , Jiang Du , Hu Shunbo , Liu Rong , Li Gongfa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. Given the different noise distribution information of global and local magnetic resonance (MR) images, this study aims to extend the current work on convolutional neural networks that preserve global structure and local details in MR image denoising tasks. Approach. This study proposed a parallel and serial network for denoising 3D MR images, called 3D-PSNet. We use the residual depthwise separable convolution block to learn the local information of the feature map, reduce the network parameters, and thus improve the training speed and parameter efficiency. In addition, we consider the feature extraction of the global image and utilize residual dilated convolution to process the feature map to expand the receptive field of the network and avoid the loss of global information. Finally, we combine both of them to form a parallel network. What’s more, we integrate reinforced residual convolution blocks with dense connections to form serial network branches, which can remove redundant information and refine features to further obtain accurate noise information. Main results. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index measure, and root mean square error metrics of 3D-PSNet are as high as 47.79%, 99.81%, and 0.40%, respectively, achieving competitive denoising effect on three public datasets. The ablation experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of all the designed modules regarding all the evaluated metrics in both datasets. Significance. The proposed 3D-PSNet takes advantage of multi-scale receptive fields, local feature extraction and residual dense connections to more effectively restore the global structure and local fine features in MR images, and is expected to help doctors quickly and accurately diagnose patients’ conditions.
Enhancing bone scan image quality: an improved self-supervised denoising approach
Authors: Yie Si Young , Kang Seung Kwan , Gil Joonhyung , Hwang Donghwi , Choi Hongyoon , Kim Yu Kyeong , Paeng Jin Chul , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. Bone scans play an important role in skeletal lesion assessment, but gamma cameras exhibit challenges with low sensitivity and high noise levels. Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a promising solution to enhance image quality without increasing radiation exposure or scan time. However, existing self-supervised denoising methods, such as Noise2Noise (N2N), may introduce deviations from the clinical standard in bone scans. This study proposes an improved self-supervised denoising technique to minimize discrepancies between DL-based denoising and full scan images. Approach. Retrospective analysis of 351 whole-body bone scan data sets was conducted. In this study, we used N2N and Noise2FullCount (N2F) denoising models, along with an interpolated version of N2N (iN2N). Denoising networks were separately trained for each reduced scan time from 5 to 50%, and also trained for mixed training datasets, which include all shortened scans. We performed quantitative analysis and clinical evaluation by nuclear medicine experts. Main results. The denoising networks effectively generated images resembling full scans, with N2F revealing distinctive patterns for different scan times, N2N producing smooth textures with slight blurring, and iN2N closely mirroring full scan patterns. Quantitative analysis showed that denoising improved with longer input times and mixed count training outperformed fixed count training. Traditional denoising methods lagged behind DL-based denoising. N2N demonstrated limitations in long-scan images. Clinical evaluation favored N2N and iN2N in resolution, noise, blurriness, and findings, showcasing their potential for enhanced diagnostic performance in quarter-time scans. Significance. The improved self-supervised denoising technique presented in this study offers a viable solution to enhance bone scan image quality, minimizing deviations from clinical standards. The method’s effectiveness was demonstrated quantitatively and clinically, showing promise for quarter-time scans without compromising diagnostic performance. This approach holds potential for improving bone scan interpretations, aiding in more accurate clinical diagnoses.
CaviPlasma: parametric study of discharge parameters of high-throughput water plasma treatment technology in glow-like discharge regime
Authors: Čech J , Sťahel P , Prokeš L , Trunec D , Horňák R , Rudolf P , Maršálek B , Maršálková E , Lukeš P , Lavrikova A , Machala Z 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
AC discharge in a dense hydrodynamic cavitation cloud in water, called CaviPlasma, has been studied at different discharge parameters. CaviPlasma stands for cavitation and plasma, which are two coupled basic phenomena of the novel technology enabling very high throughput of plasma water processing compared to other current technologies. In this article, the diagnostics and the properties of CaviPlasma discharge are discussed based on optical and electric characterization of the discharge phenomena together with the physico-chemical characterization of the plasma-treated water. The so-called unbridged mode of CaviPlasma operation is described, where the discharge propagates from a metal electrode towards a liquid electrode at the collapsing end of the cavitation cloud. The production of H, O and OH species in the discharge was proven by optical emission spectroscopy. The formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in water was determined by chemical methods. The energy yield for H2O2 generation is as high as 9.6 g kWh−1 and the generation rate is up to 2.4 g h−1. The degradation of phenol admixture in water was also studied. The article covers a parametric study enabling the development of tailored applications.
Observation of quantum entanglement in top quark pair production in proton–proton collisions ats=13 TeV
Authors: CMS Collaboration The 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEntanglement is an intrinsic property of quantum mechanics and is predicted to be exhibited in the particles produced at the Large Hadron Collider. A measurement of the extent of entanglement in top quark-antiquark (tt¯) events produced in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is performed with the data recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.3 fb−1. The events are selected based on the presence of two leptons with opposite charges and high transverse momentum. An entanglement-sensitive observableDis derived from the top quark spin-dependent parts of thett¯production density matrix and measured in the region of thett¯production threshold. Values ofD<−1/3are evidence of entanglement andDis observed (expected) to be−0.480−0.029+0.026(−0.467−0.029+0.026) at the parton level. With an observed significance of 5.1 standard deviations with respect to the non-entangled hypothesis, this provides observation of quantum mechanical entanglement withintt¯pairs in this phase space. This measurement provides a new probe of quantum mechanics at the highest energies ever produced.
Observation of limit torus and catastrophe point in optomechanical systems
Authors: Liang Jing-Yu , Long Dan , Wang Min , Hu Yun-Qi , Du Chun-Guang , Yang Lan , Long Gui-Lu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cavity optomechanical systems have received widespread attentions because they provide a novel platform for metrology, sensing, hybrid systems and quantum information processing. Their nonlinear dynamics has rich physics and plays an important role in the application scenarios. Previous works devoted to this subject have usually focused on the self-induced oscillation and chaos, whereas other parts of the rich nonlinear-dynamics picture are almost uncharted waters. In this study, we fill this gap and report the first experimental observation of limit-torus attractor, whose dynamics exhibits a torus-like trajectory in phase space. Moreover, we investigate the sharp decrease of oscillating amplitude along the up scanning transmission spectrum, referred to as catastrophe point, for the first time. The location of catastrophe point is independent of the pump power and the coupling distance. Our findings enrich the nonlinear dynamics in optomechanical systems, and open up new ways towards exploiting these systems as versatile building blocks in various applications including communication, quantum information processing, sensing and metrology.
Soliton molecules, bifurcation solitons and interaction solutions of a generalized (2 + 1)-dimensional korteweg-de vries system for the shallow-water waves
Authors: Wang Chunxia , Yin Xiaojun , Chen Liguo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The central purpose of this paper is exploring the soliton molecules, bifurcation solitons and interaction solutions of the Korteweg–de Vries system based on the Hirota bilinear method. The studied system acts as an extension of the classic KdV system for the shallow-water waves, and is very useful to contribute in nonlinear wave phenomena. Firstly, the soliton molecules are obtained by adding resonance parameters in N-soliton. Then the interaction solutions between soliton/breather and soliton molecules are studied, as well as the interaction between two soliton molecules by using N-soliton. Moreover, a class of novel bifurcation solitons are derived, including Y-type bifurcation solitons, X-type bifurcation solitons and multiple-bifurcation solitons. In the end, the dynamic properties of soliton molecules, bifurcation solitons as well as the interaction solutions are presented graphically. The developed solutions of this research are all new and can enable us apprehend the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of the generalized (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries system better.
Impact of Al3+ substitution in M-type hexaferrite on structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties
Authors: Ahmed Mahrous R , Ibrahim E M M , Hamazaoui Adel , Rayan Abdalrahman M , Azab A A , Abdel Hakeem A M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hexaferrites SrAlxFe12−xO19 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4) doped by Al3+ in an account of Fe3+ were synthesized using microwave digestion. X-ray diffraction pattern analysis revealed that the compound is polycrystalline with a hexagonal M-type structure of SrAlxFe12−xO19 and P63/mmc space group is predominant for all dopants of Al3+ ion. The crystallite size of the SrAlxFe12−xO19 phase has a maximum value for the un-doped sample (94.5 nm) and then decreases for all values of Al-doping. The SEM results showed that the average grain size increased with Al-doping till x = 2 and was almost stable. The magnetic properties were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed a continuous decrease in both saturation (Ms), and remnant (Mr), magnetization with Al-doping. At the same time, the coercive magnetic field, Hc, increases continuously with Al-doping except for x = 4, Hc slightly decreased. These results make these compound candidates to be used in data storage and magnetic memories. Dielectric properties investigation showed low-frequency dispersion in the dielectric results due to a space-charge effect. It has been demonstrated that enhancements in conductivity, dielectric constant (ε′), and dielectric loss (ε′′) rise with an increase in the concentration of Al3+ ions, suggesting that SrAlxFe12−xO19 can be used for microwave absorption and other high-frequency applications.
Roles of defects in perovskite CsPbX3 (X=I, Br, Cl): a first- principles investigation
Authors: Chen Dafei , Ding Jun , Tan Qiuhong , Yang Peizhi , Liu Yingkai , Wang Qianjin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Inorganic lead halide perovskite CsPbX3 (X=I, Br, Cl) have a promising application in optoelectronic fields due to their excellent photovoltaic properties. The defects, which have a significant impact on the performance of materials, are often introduced during the synthesis process. However, there is still a lack of systematic theoretical investigation of the effects of these defects. In this study, the effects of vacancies and H-atom interstitial point defects on the structural, electronic and optical properties of CsPbX3 are systematically investigated by using first-principles approach based on density-functional theory. The calculated results show that the introduction of different defects have significantly effect on the band gap, effective mass, semiconductor properties, ion migration and optical absorption coefficient of the perovskite materials. It is also found that VCs and VPb defects introduce shallow transition levels that do not negatively impact the optoelectronic properties. However, VX and interstitial H defects generate deep transition levels within the bandgap, which acts as non-radiative recombination centers and reduce the optoelectronic performance of the perovskite material. This study contributes to the understanding of the nature of halide chalcogenides and optimally regulating the performance of optoelectronic devices.
The yang-baxter equation, quantum computing and quantum entanglement
Authors: Chouraqui Fabienne 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present a method to construct infinite families of entangling (and primitive) 2-qudit gates, and amongst them entangling (and primitive) 2-qudit gates which satisfy the Yang-Baxter equation. We show that, given 2-qudit gates c and d, if c or d is entangling, then their Tracy-Singh product c ⊠ d is also entangling and we can provide decomposable states which become entangled after the application of c ⊠ d.
Adsorption of tryptophan by covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Li Chen , Feng Mengchu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hemoperfusion based on adsorption has been widely used to remove the blood toxins of patients with hepatic encephalopathy. It is important to develop adsorbents with high adsorption capacity, and specific adsorption performance for toxins is highly desired for hemoperfusion. Herein, we evaluate the tryptophan adsorption performance of four kinds of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and so on. Benefitting from the abundant pore, suitable pore size, and attractive effect between tryptophan and hydroxy groups in COFs, TAPB-DHTA-COF and TAPT-DHTA-COF with abundant hydroxy groups show remarkable adsorption performance for tryptophan, which is superior to commercial activated carbon. Furthermore, the selective adsorption of COF does not affect other components in the blood, thus avoiding the occurrence of other diseases. Therefore, COFs offer a promising platform for the adsorption of toxins in hemoperfusion.
Lifetime prediction of EPDM sealing materials with thermal aging under constant compression
Authors: Xie Zhaonan , Chen Junhong , Zhang Kai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) is an important engineering sealing material. Thermal aging leads to a decline in its service life. In this study, the static sealing lifetime of EPDM sealing materials is investigated by thermal aging experiments under constant compression. Based on the variation pattern of compression set over aging time at different aging temperatures (80 °C, 100 °C, and 120 °C), a lifetime prediction model for EPDM sealing materials is derived using chemical reaction kinetics and the Arrhenius equation. The model is compared with the experimental results. The results show that the prediction model is highly reliable. The theoretical life of EPDM after thermal aging at 25 °C is 30.6 years, 53.1 years, and 89.1 years, respectively, when the compression set is 40%, 45%, and 50 %.
Effects of shapes on the deformation of thin-walled artifacts manufactured by selective laser melting
Authors: Tong Xiaona , Li Weishi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In selective laser melting technology, the metal powder is subjected to a temperature gradient effect during the melting process, leading to uneven distribution of internal stress, and thus forming residual stress after cooling. At the same time, the high temperature gradient will cause complex changes in the shape of the parts. In this paper, the selective laser melting process is simulated for several typical thin-walled test artifacts to predict the residual stress, and the fabricated artifacts are measured to evaluate the shape deformation. The results show that the sharper the local corners of a part, the greater the residual stress within it, making it more prone to significant deformation. We show that we can suppress the deformation by changing the local shape of the artifact, such as substituting sharp corners with circular fillets, or replacing straight shapes with curved ones.
Anti-icing performance and influencing factors of super-lubricated surface in simulated glaze icing
Authors: Li Bo , Bai Jie , Zhang Lusong , Xiang Huiying , Yuan Yuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The icing of the overhead aluminum conductor has caused the conductor load to be too heavy or uneven, which results in huge accidents. The super-lubricated surface (SLIPS) shows great potential in anti-icing. Glaze ice is a common type of icing, and its damage to transmission lines is the most serious. However, the properties and influencing factors of anti-icing lubricated surfaces at glaze ice surroundings are rarely reported. In this study, the super-lubricated surface was prepared by the anodic oxidation method, and the anti-icing properties and influencing factors of surfaces were investigated in glaze ice surroundings. The results demonstrate that the SLIPS can decrease the icing amount, which is only 41% of the original aluminum surface. SLIPS exhibits excellent anti-icing performance in different environments temperatures and rainfalls. This study provides experimental guidance for the practice application of SLIPS in anti-icing aluminum conductors.
Study on preparation of ettringite-based fireproofing material for cable trench and its fireproofing mechanism
Authors: Yuan Jianguo , Ji Jun , Li Youchun , Nie Jingkai , Fan Xuming , Liu Hui , Zhang Yihang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The construction of a new power system puts forward higher requirements for the fire safety of power equipment. Fiber cement board is a kind of fire-proof material for cable trenches in electric power fields, but it cannot meet the requirement of electric fire protection. In order to meet the new requirement of high fire-proof grade for cable trench in substation, Ettringite-rich fire-proof separating material was prepared by using a metallurgical slag-sulphoaluminate cementitious system. The high temperature behavior of samples was studied by high temperature calcination test, thermal analysis and microstructure observation. The results show that the temperature rise of ettringite cementitious material is 5.2°C and 22.1°C lower than that of fiber cement board at 500°C and 1000°C respectively, and it can be used in the field of fire protection of substation cable trench. The reversible decomposition of ettringite is the main reason why ettringite-based cementitious materials can be reused.
Ionic gels with high mechanical strength enabled by supramolecular interactions between small molecular solvents and polymer chains
Authors: He Zhaoqiang , Xing Chenyang , Peng Zhengchun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The limited mechanical properties of hydrogels significantly impede their practical applications. In this research, we have synthesized supramolecular ionic gels using betaine, citric acid, and acrylamide as the main components. These specimens exhibit exceptional tensile properties (exceeding 1000% elongation at break) and toughness (approximately 3 MJ/m3), as well as recovery capabilities under substantial compressive strains. Furthermore, these transparent and conductive ionic gels have been employed in the fabrication of alternating current electroluminescent devices with single-electrode configurations. The outcomes of this study indicate that the high-strength ionic gel preparation method outlined herein shows great potential for expanding the application spectrum of ionic gels.
The research of electrochemical performance of Mg-doped NaNi1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O2 positive electrode materials
Authors: Bai Xue , Wei Aijia , He Rui , Li Xiaohui , Zhang Lihui , Liu Zhenfa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The demand for Li-ion batteries is increasing year by year, which poses a great challenge to the scarce Li and Co resources. Na-ion batteries are considered to be one of the potential energy storage batteries because of their low raw material cost, wide source of sodium resources, and prices that are not susceptible to market fluctuations. The layered oxide positive electrode (such as NaNi1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O2, NMF) is a potential replacement due to its high-capacity characteristics and low-cost advantages. However, the rate performance of NMF is compromised by the slow migration kinetics of Na+ ions. Here, we used the Mg doping strategy to realize the enhancement of the rates and cycling properties of NMF. Our research shows that the 2% Mg-doped cathode material has superior rate performance and cycling performance. The discharge-specific capacities are 120.5 mAh/g at 0.1C and 88.9 mAh/g for 100 cycles at 0.5C with a high retention rate (85.2%).