bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic structural equation modeling reveals latent phenotypes in the human cortex with distinct genetic architecture
Authors: Morey Rajendra A. , Zheng Yuanchao , Bayly Henry , Sun Delin , Garrett Melanie E. , Gasperi Marianna , Maihofer Adam X. , Baird C. Lexi , Grasby Katrina L. , Huggins Ashley A. , Haswell Courtney C. , Thompson Paul M. , Medland Sarah , Gustavson Daniel E. , Panizzon Matthew S. , Kremen William S. , Nievergelt Caroline M. , Ashley-Koch Allison E. , Logue Mark W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGenetic contributions to human cortical structure manifest pervasive pleiotropy. This pleiotropy may be harnessed to identify unique genetically-informed parcellations of the cortex that are neurobiologically distinct from functional, cytoarchitectural, or other cortical parcellation schemes. We investigated genetic pleiotropy by applying genomic structural equation modeling (SEM) to map the genetic architecture of cortical surface area (SA) and cortical thickness (CT) for 34 brain regions recently reported in the ENIGMA cortical GWAS. Genomic SEM uses the empirical genetic covariance estimated from GWAS summary statistics with LD score regression (LDSC) to discover factors underlying genetic covariance, which we are denoting genetically informed brain networks (GIBNs). Genomic SEM can fit a multivariate GWAS from summary statistics for each of the GIBNs, which can subsequently be used for LD score regression (LDSC). We found the best-fitting model of cortical SA identified 6 GIBNs and CT identified 4 GIBNs, although sensitivity analyses indicated that other structures were plausible. The multivariate GWASs of the GIBNs identified 74 genome-wide significant (GWS) loci (p < 5 × 10−8), including many previously implicated in neuroimaging phenotypes, behavioral traits, and psychiatric conditions. LDSC of GIBN GWASs found that SA-derived GIBNs had a positive genetic correlation with bipolar disorder (BPD), and cannabis use disorder, indicating genetic predisposition to a larger SA in the specific GIBN is associated with greater genetic risk of these disorders. A negative genetic correlation was observed between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). CT GIBNs displayed a negative genetic correlation with alcohol dependence. Even though we observed model instability in our application of genomic SEM to high-dimensional data, jointly modeling the genetic architecture of complex traits and investigating multivariate genetic links across neuroimaging phenotypes offers new insights into the genetics of cortical structure and relationships to psychopathology.
Deciphering the nexus between long non-coding RNAs and endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatocellular carcinoma: biomarker discovery and therapeutic horizons
Authors: Goyal Himanshi , Parwani Sachin , Kaur Jyotdeep 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant global health challenge with few effective treatment options. The dysregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses has emerged as a pivotal factor in HCC progression and therapy resistance. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role as key epigenetic modifiers in this process. Recent research has explored how lncRNAs influence ER stress which in turn affects lncRNAs activity in HCC. We systematically analyze the current literature to highlight the regulatory roles of lncRNAs in modulating ER stress and vice versa in HCC. Our scrutinization highlights how dysregulated lncRNAs contribute to various facets of HCC, including apoptosis resistance, enhanced proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, all driven by ER stress. Moreover, we delve into the emerging paradigm of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis, elucidating it as the promising avenue for developing novel biomarkers and paving the way for more personalized treatment options in HCC. Nevertheless, we acknowledge the challenges and future directions in translating these insights into clinical practice. In conclusion, our review provides insights into the complex regulatory mechanisms governing ER stress modulation by lncRNAs in HCC.
Age-associated imbalance in immune cell regeneration varies across individuals and arises from a distinct subset of stem cells
Authors: Nogalska Anna , Eerdeng Jiya , Akre Samir , Vergel-Rodriguez Mary , Lee Yeachan , Bramlett Charles , Chowdhury Adnan Y. , Wang Bowen , Cess Colin G. , Finley Stacey D. , Lu Rong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe age-associated decline in immunity manifests as imbalanced adaptive and innate immune cells, which originate from the aging of the stem cells that sustain their regeneration. Aging variation across individuals is well recognized, but its mechanism remains unclear. Here, we used high-throughput single-cell technologies to compare mice of the same chronological age that exhibited early or delayed immune aging phenotypes. We found that some hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in early aging mice upregulated genes related to aging, myeloid differentiation, and stem cell proliferation. Delayed aging was instead associated with genes involved in stem cell regulation and the response to external signals. These molecular changes align with shifts in HSC function. We found that the lineage biases of 30% to 40% of the HSC clones shifted with age. Moreover, their lineage biases shifted in opposite directions in mice exhibiting an early or delayed aging phenotype. In early aging mice, the HSC lineage bias shifted toward the myeloid lineage, driving the aging phenotype. In delayed aging mice, HSC lineage bias shifted toward the lymphoid lineage, effectively counteracting aging progression. Furthermore, the anti-aging HSC clones did not increase lymphoid production but instead decreased myeloid production. Additionally, we systematically quantified the frequency of various changes in HSC differentiation and their roles in driving the immune aging phenotype. Taken together, our findings suggest that temporal variation in the aging of immune cell regeneration among individuals primarily arises from differences in the myelopoiesis of a distinct subset of HSCs. Therefore, interventions to delay aging may be possible by targeting a subset of stem cells.
Anomalous frozen evanescent phonons
Authors: Chen Yi , Schneider Jonathan L. G. , Wang Ke , Scott Philip , Kalt Sebastian , Kadic Muamer , Wegener Martin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEvanescent Bloch waves are eigensolutions of spatially periodic problems for complex-valued wavenumbers at finite frequencies, corresponding to solutions that oscillate in time and space and that exponentially decay in space. Such evanescent waves are ubiquitous in optics, plasmonics, elasticity, and acoustics. In the limit of zero frequency, the wave “freezes” in time. We introduce frozen evanescent waves as the eigensolutions of the Bloch periodic problem at zero eigenfrequency. Elastic waves, i.e., phonons, in metamaterials serve as an example. We show that, in the complex plane, the Cauchy-Riemann equations for analytical functions connect the minima of the phonon band structure to frozen evanescent phonons. Their exponential decay length becomes unusually large if a minimum in the band structure tends to zero and thereby approaches a soft mode. This connection between unusual static and dynamic behaviors allows to engineer large characteristic decay lengths in static elasticity. For finite-size samples, the static solutions for given boundary conditions are linear combinations of frozen evanescent phonons, leading to interference effects. Theory and experiment are in excellent agreement. Anomalous behavior includes the violation of Saint Venant’s principle, which means that large decay-length frozen evanescent phonons can potentially be applied in terms of remote mechanical sensing.
Aboveground and belowground sizes are aligned in the unified spectrum of plant form and function
Authors: Beccari Eleonora , Carmona Carlos P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the global variation of plant strategies is essential for unravelling eco-evolutionary processes and ecosystem functions. Variation in ten fundamental aboveground and fine-root traits is summarised in four dimensions, the first of which relates to aboveground plant size. However, there is no consensus about how root size fits within this scheme. Here, we add rooting depth and lateral spread, compiling a set of twelve key traits that define the fundamental investments of plants in growth, reproduction, and survival. We examine whether the inclusion of root size alters the dimensionality and structure of trait correlations defining plant functional strategies. Our results show that including root size traits does not alter the fundamental structure and dimensionality of the plant functional space, regardless of trait completeness and phylogenetic relatedness. Plant size defines a single continuum of allometric investments at the global scale, independent from leaf and root economic strategies.
PCLAF-DREAM drives alveolar cell plasticity for lung regeneration
Authors: Kim Bongjun , Huang Yuanjian , Ko Kyung-Pil , Zhang Shengzhe , Zou Gengyi , Zhang Jie , Kim Moon Jong , Little Danielle , Ellis Lisandra Vila , Paschini Margherita , Jun Sohee , Park Kwon-Sik , Chen Jichao , Kim Carla , Park Jae-Il 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCell plasticity, changes in cell fate, is crucial for tissue regeneration. In the lung, failure of regeneration leads to diseases, including fibrosis. However, the mechanisms governing alveolar cell plasticity during lung repair remain elusive. We previously showed that PCLAF remodels the DREAM complex, shifting the balance from cell quiescence towards cell proliferation. Here, we find that PCLAF expression is specific to proliferating lung progenitor cells, along with the DREAM target genes transactivated by lung injury. Genetic ablation of Pclaf impairs AT1 cell repopulation from AT2 cells, leading to lung fibrosis. Mechanistically, the PCLAF-DREAM complex transactivates CLIC4, triggering TGF-β signaling activation, which promotes AT1 cell generation from AT2 cells. Furthermore, phenelzine that mimics the PCLAF-DREAM transcriptional signature increases AT2 cell plasticity, preventing lung fibrosis in organoids and mice. Our study reveals the unexpected role of the PCLAF-DREAM axis in promoting alveolar cell plasticity, beyond cell proliferation control, proposing a potential therapeutic avenue for lung fibrosis prevention.
Rapid fabrication of gold microsphere arrays with stable deep-pressing anisotropic conductivity for advanced packaging
Authors: Cao An , Gong Yi , Liu Dilong , Yang Fan , Fan Yulong , Guo Yinghui , Tian Xingyou , Li Yue 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSmooth metal microspheres with uniform sizes are ideal for constructing particle-arrayed anisotropic conductive films (ACF), but synthesis is hindered by challenges in controlling anisotropic metal growth. Here, we present a positioned transient-emulsion self-assembly and laser-irradiation strategy to fabricate pure gold microsphere arrays with smooth surfaces and uniform sizes. The fabrication involves assembling gold nanoparticles into uniform colloidosomes within a pre-designed microhole array, followed by rapid transformation into well-defined microspheres through laser heating. The gold nanoparticles melt and merge in a layer-by-layer manner due to the finite skin depth of the laser, leading to a localized photothermal effect. This strategy circumvents anisotropic growth, enables tunable control of microsphere size and positioning, and is compatible with conventional lithography. Importantly, these pure gold microspheres exhibit stable conductivity under deep compression, offering promising applications in soldering micro-sized chips onto integrated circuits.
Multiscale modeling of metal-hydride interphases—quantification of decoupled chemo-mechanical energies
Authors: Alvares Ebert , Sellschopp Kai , Wang Bo , Kang ShinYoung , Klassen Thomas , Wood Brandon C. , Heo Tae Wook , Jerabek Paul , Pistidda Claudio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe quantification of interphase properties between metals and their corresponding hydrides is crucial for modeling the thermodynamics and kinetics of the hydrogenation processes in solid-state hydrogen storage materials. In particular, interphase boundary energies assume a pivotal role in determining the kinetics of nucleation, growth, and coarsening of hydrides, alongside accompanying morphological evolution during hydrogenation. The total interphase energy arises from both chemical bonding and mechanical strains in these solid-state systems. Since these contributions are usually coupled, it is challenging to distinguish via conventional computational approaches. Here, a comprehensive atomistic modeling methodology is developed to decouple chemical and mechanical energy contributions using first-principles calculations, of which feasibility is demonstrated by quantifying chemical and elastic strain energies of key interfaces within the FeTi metal-hydride system. Derived materials parameters are then employed for mesoscopic micromechanical analysis, predicting crystallographic orientations in line with experimental observations. The multiscale approach outlined verifies the importance of the chemo-mechanical interplay in the morphological evolution of growing hydride phases, and can be generalized to investigate other systems. In addition, it can streamline the design of atomistic models for the quantitative evaluation of interphase properties between dissimilar phases and allow for efficient predictions of their preferred phase boundary orientations.
Integrating an antimicrobial nanocomposite to bioactive electrospun fibers for improved wound dressing materials
Authors: Reyes-Guzmán Victoria Leonor , Villarreal-Gómez Luis Jesús , Vázquez-Mora Rubi , Méndez-Ramírez Yesica Itzel , Paz-González Juan Antonio , Zizumbo-López Arturo , Borbón Hugo , Lizarraga-Medina Eder Germán , Cornejo-Bravo José Manuel , Pérez-González Graciela Lizeth , Ontiveros-Zepeda Arturo Sinue , Pérez-Sánchez Armando , Chavira-Martínez Elizabeth , Huirache-Acuña Rafael , Estévez-Martínez Yoxkin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the fabrication and characterization of electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone)/poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PCL/PVP) fibers integrated with a nanocomposite of chitosan, silver nanocrystals, and graphene oxide (ChAgG), aimed at developing advanced wound dressing materials. The ChAgG nanocomposite, recognized for its antimicrobial and biocompatible properties, was incorporated into PCL/PVP fibers through electrospinning techniques. We assessed the resultant fibers’ morphological, physicochemical, and mechanical properties, which exhibited significant enhancements in mechanical strength and demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity against common bacterial pathogens. The findings suggest that the PCL/PVP-ChAgG fibers maintain biocompatibility and facilitate controlled therapeutic delivery, positioning them as a promising solution for managing chronic and burn-related wounds. This study underscores the potential of these advanced materials to improve healing outcomes cost-effectively, particularly in settings plagued by high incidences of burn injuries. Further clinical investigations are recommended to explore these innovative fibers’ full potential and real-world applicability.
Large-scale analysis reveals racial disparities in the prevalence of ADHD and conduct disorders
Authors: Shalaby Noha , Sengupta Sourav , Williams Jamal B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe primary purpose of this study is to highlight trends in the prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and conduct disorders (CD) between non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black populations and identify potential diagnostic disparities between these groups. De-identified electronic health record data on the TriNetX platform of patients diagnosed with ADHD, CD, or both between January 2013 and May 2023 from 50 healthcare organizations in the US were used to investigate racial and sex disparities in the prevalence of ADHD and CD diagnoses. With a cohort of 849,281 ADHD patients and 157,597 CD patients, non-Hispanic White individuals were ~ 26% more likely to receive ADHD diagnosis and ~ 61% less likely to be diagnosed with CD than non-Hispanic Black individuals. The mean age of diagnosis of ADHD was over 8 years older for White patients than for Black patients, with a disproportionately higher number of White patients diagnosed in adulthood, compared to a comparatively negligible number of Black patients diagnosed with ADHD in the same age group. Additionally, Black females were the cohort least likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, while White females were the cohort least likely to be diagnosed with CD. Race disparities exist between Black and White populations, and sex disparities exist within each population. More information is needed to determine contributors to these differences, although implicit biases and systemic racism may be key contributing factors. Presenting evidence and increasing awareness of culturally relevant diagnoses can reduce unconscious bias and move toward more informed and objective psychiatric evaluations.
Comparison between carrier transport property and crystal quality of TlBr semiconductors
Authors: Watanabe Kenichi , Sugai Yusuke , Hasegawa Sota , Tanaka Seishiro , Hitomi Keitaro , Nogami Mitsuhiro , Shinohara Takenao , Su Yuhua , Parker Joseph Don , Kockelmann Winfried 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThallium bromide (TlBr) semiconductor detectors are being developed as promising candidates for high-detection-efficiency, high-energy-resolution, and room-temperature gamma-ray spectrometers. This study presents methods for evaluating TlBr crystal quality and carrier transport characteristics using neutron Bragg-dip imaging and the time-of-flight method for pulsed-laser-induced carriers, respectively. Neutron Bragg-dip imaging effectively determines the crystal orientation distribution, revealing crystal imperfections and grain boundaries. Time-of-flight measurements provide a spatial distribution of carrier mobility. In this study, two samples obtained from both the upstream and downstream region in the crystal ingot were evaluated. Although both samples show similar crystal quality, the upstream sample showed high carrier mobility across all areas, whereas the downstream sample exhibits low mobility in some areas. These findings suggest that, at least within the range of carrier mobility currently obtained, the effect of crystal integrity on carrier mobility is less significant than that of impurities. In conclusion, combining neutron Bragg-dip imaging with carrier mobility measurements offers a comprehensive approach to evaluating and improving TlBr detectors.
Prevalence and predictors of detrusor underactivity and bladder outlet obstruction in women with lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Wu Chin-Jui , Hsiao Sheng-Mou , Wu Pei-Chi , Chang Ting-Cheng , Chen Chi-Hau , Sheu Bor-Ching , Lin Ho-Hsiung 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aims to present age-stratified prevalence of women with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) but without cystocele and predict detrusor underactivity (DU) or bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Between 2005 and 2020, we reviewed women who visited the medical center with LUTS but without cystocele. Positive voiding dysfunction (VD) symptoms were defined as any one or more of the positive descriptions of weak urinary stream, intermittency, strain to urination, and sensation of not emptying. A total of 1,886 women were included in this study. 189 (10.0%) women were diagnosed with DU, and 77 (4.1%) women had BOO. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that voided volume and VD symptoms were independent predictors for BOO. ROC curve analyses could predict BOO by voided volume ≤ 220 mL derived from uroflowmetry and the presence of VD symptoms with an area under a curve of 0.83. Age and voided volume could predict DU with an area under a curve of 0.82. We found a higher percentage of BOO in women with positive VD symptoms. A non-invasive uroflowmetry with voided volume (≤ 220 mL) and the presence of VD symptoms can predict BOO. DU could be predicted by age and voided volume.
Early pregnancy hyperglycaemia among pregnant women with risk factors for gestational diabetes increases the risk of pregnancy complications
Authors: Cheung Ka Wang , Au Tiffany Sin-Tung , Chan Tat On , So Po Lam , Wong Felix Chi-Kin , Seto Mimi Tin Yan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes (GDM) were based on data from women after 24 weeks of gestation, but this may not be equally applicable for earlier gestation. There is insufficient data regarding early pregnancy glycaemia and the associated complications. We retrospectively reviewed 39,483 deliveries and 12,918 with risk factors for GDM underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before 24 weeks of gestation. A strong and progressively positive association was observed with any pregnancy complications in both fasting glucose (FG) and 2 h glucose (2hG). The increased risk of developing any pregnancy complications started from FG 4.5–4.7 mmol/L and 2hG of 6.2–6.9mmol/L. Every increase by 1 mmol/L in FG or 2 hG levels increased the risk of developing any complications (aOR 1.614 for FG and 1.131 for 2hG), pre-eclampsia (aOR 1.472 for FG and 1.143 for 2hG), maternal insulin use (aOR 12.821 for FG and 2.366 for 2hG), primary Caesarean section(aOR 1.274 for FG and 1.099 for 2hG), shoulder dystocia (aOR 1.941 for FG and 1.282 for 2hG), macrosomia(aOR 2.203 for FG and 1.072 for 2hG), and large for gestation age(aOR 2.157 for FG and 1.074 for 2hG). Therefore, glycaemic levels in early pregnancy among high-risk women positively associated with pregnancy complications, even at levels below the current recommended diagnostic criteria for GDM.
Behavioral and emotional co-modulation during dog–owner interaction measured by heart rate variability and activity
Authors: Koskela Aija , Törnqvist Heini , Somppi Sanni , Tiira Katriina , Kykyri Virpi-Liisa , Hänninen Laura , Kujala Jan , Nagasawa Miho , Kikusui Takefumi , Kujala Miiamaaria V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBehavioral and physiological synchrony facilitate emotional closeness in attachment relationships. The aim of this pseudorandomized cross-over study was to investigate the emotional and physiological link, designated as co-modulation, between dogs and their owners. We measured the heart rate variability (HRV) and physical activity of dogs belonging to co-operative breeds (n = 29) and their owners during resting baselines and positive interaction tasks (Stroking, Training, Sniffing, Playing) and collected survey data on owner temperament and dog–owner relationship. Although overall HRV and activity correlated between dogs and their owners across tasks, task-specific analyses showed that HRV of dogs and owners correlated during free behaving (Pre- and Post-Baseline), whereas the activity of dogs and owners correlated during predefined interaction tasks (Stroking and Playing). Dog overall HRV was the only predictive factor for owner overall HRV, while dog height, ownership duration, owner negative affectivity, and dog–owner interaction scale predicted dog overall HRV. Thus, the characteristics of dog, owner, and the relationship modified the HRV responses in dog–owner dyads. The physiology and behavior of dogs belonging to co-operative breeds and their owners were therefore co-modulated, demonstrating physiological and emotional connection comparable to those found in attachment relationships between humans.