bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perchlorates on Mars enhance the bacteriocidal effects of UV light
Authors: Wadsworth Jennifer , Cockell Charles S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPerchlorates have been identified on the surface of Mars. This has prompted speculation of what their influence would be on habitability. We show that when irradiated with a simulated Martian UV flux, perchlorates become bacteriocidal. At concentrations associated with Martian surface regolith, vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis in Martian analogue environments lost viability within minutes. Two other components of the Martian surface, iron oxides and hydrogen peroxide, act in synergy with irradiated perchlorates to cause a 10.8-fold increase in cell death when compared to cells exposed to UV radiation after 60 seconds of exposure. These data show that the combined effects of at least three components of the Martian surface, activated by surface photochemistry, render the present-day surface more uninhabitable than previously thought, and demonstrate the low probability of survival of biological contaminants released from robotic and human exploration missions.
Negative voltage modulated multi-level resistive switching by using a Cr/BaTiOx/TiN structure and quantum conductance through evidence of H2O2 sensing mechanism
Authors: Chakrabarti Somsubhra , Ginnaram Sreekanth , Jana Surajit , Wu Zong-Yi , Singh Kanishk , Roy Anisha , Kumar Pankaj , Maikap Siddheswar , Qiu Jian-Tai , Cheng Hsin-Ming , Tsai Ling-Na , Chang Ya-Ling , Mahapatra Rajat , Yang Jer-Ren 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNegative voltage modulated multi-level resistive switching with quantum conductance during staircase-type RESET and its transport characteristics in Cr/BaTiOx/TiN structure have been investigated for the first time. The as-deposited amorphous BaTiOx film has been confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy shows different oxidation states of Ba in the switching material, which is responsible for tunable more than 10 resistance states by varying negative stop voltage owing to slow decay value of RESET slope (217.39 mV/decade). Quantum conductance phenomenon has been observed in staircase RESET cycle of the memory devices. By inspecting the oxidation states of Ba+ and Ba2+ through measuring H2O2 with a low concentration of 1 nM in electrolyte/BaTiOx/SiO2/p-Si structure, the switching mechanism of each HRS level as well as the multi-level phenomenon has been explained by gradual dissolution of oxygen vacancy filament. Along with negative stop voltage modulated multi-level, current compliance dependent multi-level has also been demonstrated and resistance ratio up to 2000 has been achieved even for a thin (<5 nm) switching material. By considering oxidation-reduction of the conducting filaments, the current-voltage switching curve has been simulated as well. Hence, multi-level resistive switching of Cr/BaTiOx/TiN structure implies the promising applications in high dense, multistate non-volatile memories in near future.
CVD graphene‐based low pump threshold bidirectional mode‐locked fibre laser
Authors: Chow Kin Kee 
Published: June 2017

A passively mode‐locked femtosecond erbium‐doped bidirectional fibre laser with low pump threshold using chemical vapour deposition grown graphene saturable absorbers is demonstrated. Two synchronised and counter‐propagating soliton output pulse trains with a repetition rate of ∼10.38 MHz and pulse widths of 660 and 860 fs are obtained simultaneously from the fibre laser. Simultaneous mode locking of the fibre laser has been realised with a threshold pump power of 56 mW from a single‐pump laser diode, indicating an ∼62% reduction in pump threshold compared to previous results.
Functional Status in a Teenager with Phenylketonuria from the ICF Perspective
Authors: Bingöl Hasan , Günel Mintaze 
Published: June 2017

Objective The case aims to present a teenager with phenylketonuria in terms of functional status, by using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) perspective.
Case Description A 17-year-old teenager with phenylketonuria, classified level V in accordance with the Functional Mobility Scale, was recruited in this study. To exhibit body structure, functional status, participation, activity, and environmental and individual factors, assessment tools classified according to ICF for Children and Youth major categories were implemented.
Result After the assessment tools were applied, we found various problems ranging from body structure, function, and activity, to participation. In addition to these problems, there were cognitive problems as well.
Conclusion Despite various physical problems, the teenager suffered from cognitive problems more, that is, compared with physical problems in the teenager with phenylketonuria, cognitive problems constituted a bigger barrier to participation in daily life.
Die (Flüchtlings-) Krise im psychotherapeutischen Behandlungszimmer
Authors: Thöle Anna-Maria , Penka Simone , Aichberger Marion , Heinz Andreas , Kluge Ulrike 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In den Medien finden sich verschiedene Diskurse von Geflüchteten. Bisher ist allerdings kaum bekannt, ob und wie mediale Diskurse die Perspektive von Psychotherapeuten, die mit Geflüchteten arbeiten, beeinflussen.
Methoden In einer Untersuchung zu den Schwierigkeiten in der psychotherapeutischen Arbeit mit Geflüchteten wurden bundesweit 20 niedergelassene Psychotherapeuten befragt. Für die Datenerhebung wurde das Problemzentrierte Interview gewählt, die Daten wurden entsprechend den Prinzipien der Grounded Theory ausgewertet. Es zeigten sich in den Daten unterschiedliche Bilder von Geflüchteten seitens der befragten Psychotherapeuten.
Ergebnisse Aus den Interviews konnten 4 Bilder von Geflüchteten herausgearbeitet werden: ‚Der problematische Andere‘ (1), ‚Kein Anderer‘ (2), ‚Der gewinnbringende Andere‘ (3) und ‚Das ausgeschlossene Subjekt‘ (4). Darüber hinaus zeigten sich Zusammenhänge zwischen den gefundenen Bildern und der Erfahrung sowie dem Therapieverständnis der jeweiligen Psychotherapeuten.
Schlussfolgerung Der Einfluss (medialer) Diskurse über Geflüchtete kann dazu beitragen, die in den Interviews von niedergelassenen Psychotherapeuten gefundenen Bilder von Geflüchteten verständlich zu machen. Als weitere Erklärungen für die Bilder von Geflüchteten werden ein unterschiedlicher Zugang zu Wissen über die Lebenssituation von Geflüchteten, problematische Lebensbedingungen von Asylsuchenden in Deutschland und ein hauptsächlich an psychischen Störungen ausgerichteter psychotherapeutischer Behandlungsauftrag diskutiert.
Three New Abietane-Type Diterpenoids from Plectranthus africanus and Their Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Nzogong Raïssa , Nganou Blaise , Tedonkeu Alex , Awouafack Maurice , Tene Mathieu , Ito Takuya , Tane Pierre , Morita Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThree new abietane-type diterpenoids, plectranthroyleanones A – C (1 – 3), together with five known compounds (4 – 8) were isolated from the methanol extract of the whole plant of Plectranthus africanus using column chromatography techniques. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS analyses. Compound 1 exhibited weak activities with minimal inhibitory concentration values of 75 µg/mL against gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, and 150 µg/mL against two gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively, while 2 and 3 had moderate antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae with a minimal inhibitory concentration value of 37.5 µg/mL.
The labyrinth of ethics in journalistic translated discourse
Authors: Talebinejad Mohammad Reza , Shahi Mohammad 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Given that both translation ethics and journalistic translation are still two under-explored areas in translation research, this study sets out to discover the ethical model of Iranian translators’ performance in a climate of conflict. To achieve the objective, the researchers monitored and collected the translated journalistic texts concerning the Iranian nuclear negotiations published by a state-run news agency from three days before the Almaty I nuclear talks to three days after the Almaty II negotiations. The monitoring phase resulted in 20 pairs of STs and TTs. The comparative textual analysis indicated patterned and motivated ideological interference in translations which could be accounted for by resorting to teleological models of ethics. Theoretical analysis revealed conceptual overlap between ethics and ideology that could explain the reduction of ethics into ideology in the news agency.
Quark enables semi-reference-based compression of RNA-seq data
Authors: Sarkar Hirak , Patro Rob 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Motivation
The past decade has seen an exponential increase in biological sequencing capacity, and there has been a simultaneous effort to help organize and archive some of the vast quantities of sequencing data that are being generated. Although these developments are tremendous from the perspective of maximizing the scientific utility of available data, they come with heavy costs. The storage and transmission of such vast amounts of sequencing data is expensive.

Results
We present Quark, a semi-reference-based compression tool designed for RNA-seq data. Quark makes use of a reference sequence when encoding reads, but produces a representation that can be decoded independently, without the need for a reference. This allows Quark to achieve markedly better compression rates than existing reference-free schemes, while still relieving the burden of assuming a specific, shared reference sequence between the encoder and decoder. We demonstrate that Quark achieves state-of-the-art compression rates, and that, typically, only a small fraction of the reference sequence must be encoded along with the reads to allow reference-free decompression.

Availability and implementation
Quark is implemented in C ++11, and is available under a GPLv3 license at www.github.com/COMBINE-lab/quark.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A genome-by-environment interaction classifier for precision medicine: personal transcriptome response to rhinovirus identifies children prone to asthma exacerbations
Authors: Gardeux Vincent , Berghout Joanne , Achour Ikbel , Schissler A Grant , Li Qike , Kenost Colleen , Li Jianrong , Shang Yuan , Bosco Anthony , Saner Donald , Halonen Marilyn J , Jackson Daniel J , Li Haiquan , Martinez Fernando D , Lussier Yves A 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objective
To introduce a disease prognosis framework enabled by a robust classification scheme derived from patient-specific transcriptomic response to stimulation.

Materials and Methods
Within an illustrative case study to predict asthma exacerbation, we designed a stimulation assay that reveals individualized transcriptomic response to human rhinovirus. Gene expression from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was quantified from 23 pediatric asthmatic patients and stimulated in vitro with human rhinovirus. Responses were obtained via the single-subject gene set testing methodology “N-of-1-pathways.” The classifier was trained on a related independent training dataset (n = 19). Novel visualizations of personal transcriptomic responses are provided.

Results
Of the 23 pediatric asthmatic patients, 12 experienced recurrent exacerbations. Our classifier, using individualized responses and trained on an independent dataset, obtained 74% accuracy (area under the receiver operating curve of 71%; 2-sided P = .039). Conventional classifiers using messenger RNA (mRNA) expression within the viral-exposed samples were unsuccessful (all patients predicted to have recurrent exacerbations; accuracy of 52%).

Discussion
Prognosis based on single time point, static mRNA expression alone neglects the importance of dynamic genome-by-environment interplay in phenotypic presentation. Individualized transcriptomic response quantified at the pathway (gene sets) level reveals interpretable signals related to clinical outcomes.

Conclusion
The proposed framework provides an innovative approach to precision medicine. We show that quantifying personal pathway–level transcriptomic response to a disease-relevant environmental challenge predicts disease progression. This genome-by-environment interaction assay offers a noninvasive opportunity to translate omics data to clinical practice by improving the ability to predict disease exacerbation and increasing the potential to produce more effective treatment decisions.
Rediscovery of an old article reporting that the area around the epicenter in Hiroshima was heavily contaminated with residual radiation, indicating that exposure doses of A-bomb survivors were largely underestimated
Authors: Sutou Shizuyo 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
The A-bomb blast released a huge amount of energy: thermal radiation (35%), blast energy (50%), and nuclear radiation (15%). Of the 15%, 5% was initial radiation released within 30 s and 10% was residual radiation, the majority of which was fallout. Exposure doses of hibakusha (A-bomb survivors) were estimated solely on the basis of the initial radiation. The effects of the residual radiation on hibakusha have been considered controversial; some groups assert that the residual radiation was negligible, but others refute that assertion. I recently discovered a six-decade-old article written in Japanese by a medical doctor, Gensaku Obo, from Hiroshima City. This article clearly indicates that the area around the epicenter in Hiroshima was heavily contaminated with residual radiation. It reports that non-hibakusha who entered Hiroshima soon after the blast suffered from severe acute radiation sickness, including burns, external injuries, fever, diarrhea, skin bleeding, sore throat and loss of hair—as if they were real hibakusha. This means that (i) some of those who entered Hiroshima in the early days after the blast could be regarded as indirect hibakusha; (ii) ‘in-the-city-control’ people in the Life Span Study (LSS) must have been irradiated more or less from residual radiation and could not function properly as the negative control; (iii) exposure doses of hibakusha were largely underestimated; and (iv) cancer risk in the LSS was largely overestimated. Obo's article is very important to understand the health effects of A-bombs so that the essence of it is translated from Japanese to English with the permission of the publisher.
Structural, Nursing, and Physician Characteristics and 30-Day Mortality for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery in Pennsylvania*
Authors: Lane-Fall Meghan B. , Ramaswamy Tara S. , Brown Sydney E. S. , He Xu , Gutsche Jacob T. , Fleisher Lee A. , Neuman Mark D. 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
Cardiac surgery ICU characteristics and clinician staffing patterns have not been well characterized. We sought to describe Pennsylvania cardiac ICUs and to determine whether ICU characteristics are associated with mortality in the 30 days after cardiac surgery.

Design:
From 2012 to 2013, we conducted a survey of cardiac surgery ICUs in Pennsylvania to assess ICU structure, care practices, and clinician staffing patterns. ICU data were linked to an administrative database of cardiac surgery patient discharges. We used logistic regression to measure the association between ICU variables and death in 30 days.

Setting:
Cardiac surgery ICUs in Pennsylvania.

Patients:
Patients having coronary artery bypass grafting and/or cardiac valve repair or replacement from 2009 to 2011.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Of the 57 cardiac surgical ICUs in Pennsylvania, 43 (75.4%) responded to the facility survey. Rounds included respiratory therapists in 26 of 43 (60.5%) and pharmacists in 23 of 43 (53.5%). Eleven of 41 (26.8%) reported that at least 2/3 of their nurses had a bachelor’s degree in nursing. Advanced practice providers were present in most of the ICUs (37/43; 86.0%) but residents (8/42; 18.6%) and fellows (7/43; 16.3%) were not. Daytime intensivists were present in 21 of 43 (48.8%) responding ICUs; eight of 43 (18.6%) had nighttime intensivists. Among 29,449 patients, there was no relationship between mortality and nurse ICU experience, presence of any intensivist, or absence of residents after risk adjustment. To exclude patients who may have undergone transcatheter aortic valve replacement, we conducted a subgroup analysis of patients undergoing only coronary artery bypass grafting, and results were similar.

Conclusions:
Pennsylvania cardiac surgery ICUs have variable structures, care practices, and clinician staffing, although none of these are statistically significantly associated with mortality in the 30 days following surgery after adjustment.
New paradigms in the conservative surgical and interventional management of adenomyosis
Authors: Alvi Farah A. , Glaser Laura M. , Chaudhari Angela , Tsai Susan , Milad Magdy P. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
Adenomyosis is commonly diagnosed in women of reproductive age. Interest in conservative interventions has grown as more women desire fertility preservation or avoidance of hysterectomy. This review discusses surgical and interventional methods for treatment of symptomatic adenomyosis. The technique, evidence, and utility of each method are described.

Recent findings
Hysteroscopic ablative techniques are associated with lower morbidity than with hysterectomy but may result in an unacceptable risk of treatment failure. Surgical adenomyomectomy may provide good symptomatic improvement, especially when combined with preoperative gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment. Laparoscopic myometrial coagulation is associated with high rates of future pregnancy complications. Uterine artery ligation has limited value as an isolated approach but, coupled with other techniques, provides adequate therapeutic control. Bilateral uterine artery embolization may improve symptoms, without significantly compromising fertility. Focused ultrasonic surgical methods also show promise in alleviating symptoms without compromising reproductive outcomes.

Summary
A multitude of surgical and interventional options are available for young women with symptomatic adenomyosis. These treatment methods have unique associated risks and benefits, and may have varying impacts on long-term symptom control, fertility, and reproductive outcomes.
Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia Undergoing Major Amputation or Not
Authors: Nishijima Akio , Yamamoto Naoto , Yoshida Ryuichi , Hozawa Koji , Yanagibayashi Satoshi , Takikawa Megumi , Hayasaka Rie , Nishijima Junko , Gosho Masahiko , Nishijima Haruo 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Due to the increase of elderly and diabetes patients, surgeons encounter patients requiring treatment of critical limb ischemia (CLI) in the presence of systemic arteriosclerotic diseases. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with CLI who underwent major (above-the-ankle) amputation or nonmajor amputation (below-the-ankle amputation or debridement of wound).

Methods:
We retrospectively investigated 129 consecutive patients surgically managed for CLI in our institution between January 2013 and December 2015. The prevalence of CAD was defined as a cardiac treatment history or significant vascular stenosis (stenosis of > 75%). The outcomes were compared between patients who underwent major amputation (n = 36) and nonmajor amputation (n = 93). Additionally, archived record of 566 patients treated nonsurgically by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in our institution was investigated to evaluate patients with milder peripheral artery disease.

Results:
CAD was present in 83 patients (69%), including 82% of patients who underwent major amputation and 63% of nonmajor amputation group. The prevalence of CAD was significantly higher in the major amputation group (P = 0.042). Ejection fraction was not significantly different (P > 0.05). Among the 566 CLI patients treated by only percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, 227 (40%) had CAD, which was a significantly lower prevalence than those surgically treated (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The presence of CAD is more frequent in CLI patients who require extended surgical management of the limb than in those who do not. Evaluation of CAD and careful perioperative management are important for patients with CLI patients.
Cerebrospinal Fluid B-lymphocyte Chemoattractant CXCL13 in the Diagnosis of Acute Lyme Neuroborreliosis in Children
Authors: Barstad Bjørn , Tveitnes Dag , Noraas Sølvi , Selvik Ask Ingvild , Saeed Maryam , Bosse Franziskus , Vigemyr Grete , Huber Ilka , Øymar Knut 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Current markers of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) in children have insufficient sensitivity in the early stage of disease. The B-lymphocyte chemoattractant CXCL13 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be useful in diagnosing LNB, but its specificity has not been evaluated in studies including children with clinically relevant differential diagnoses. The aim of this study was to elucidate the diagnostic value of CSF CXCL13 in children with symptoms suggestive of LNB.

Methods:
Children with symptoms suggestive of LNB were included prospectively into predefined groups with a high or low likelihood of LNB based on CSF pleocytosis and the detection of Borrelia antibodies or other causative agents. CSF CXCL13 levels were compared between the groups, and receiver-operating characteristic analyses were performed to indicate optimal cutoff levels to discriminate LNB from non-LNB conditions.

Results:
Two hundred and ten children were included. Children with confirmed LNB (n=59) and probable LNB (n=18) had higher CSF CXCL13 levels than children with possible LNB (n=7), possible peripheral LNB (n=7), non-Lyme aseptic meningitis (n=12), non-meningitis (n=91) and negative controls (n=16). Using 18 pg/mL as a cutoff level, both the sensitivity and specificity of CSF CXCL13 for LNB (confirmed and probable) were 97%. Comparing only children with LNB and non-Lyme aseptic meningitis, the sensitivity and specificity with the same cutoff level were 97% and 83%, respectively.

Conclusion:
CSF CXCL13 is a sensitive marker of LNB in children. The specificity to discriminate LNB from non-Lyme aseptic meningitis may be more moderate, suggesting that CSF CXCL13 should be used together with other variables in diagnosing LNB in children.