bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing the tensions between exploration and exploitation in large construction projects
Authors: Eriksson Per Erik , Szentes Henrik 
Published: October 2017

PurposePrior studies highlight the importance of building ambidextrous capabilities to achieve both exploitation of current knowledge and technologies to make profits today, and exploration of new knowledge and technologies to adapt to and prepare for tomorrow’s demands. In spite of its theoretical and practical importance, research on organizational ambidexterity in project-based organizations is scarce. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to study how ambidexterity may be managed and how exploration and exploitation may be achieved in construction projects. The research identifies some drivers and barriers to exploration and exploitation and also sheds light on how various management approaches interact and affect exploration and exploitation activities.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical material is drawn from 40 semi-structured interviews with managers representing the client, the contractor and the designer involved in each of the seven large construction projects in the sample.FindingsIn contrast to prior literature in high-tech industries where exploitation focuses on continuous development, exploitation in construction projects often involves adopting conventional methods and solutions based on existing knowledge without any development efforts at all. This may enhance short-term efficiency and lower risk at the project level but increase risk at the firm level. Tight time schedules hinder both radical innovations and incremental developments, and the findings also reveal that to invest in efforts on explorative solutions, it must be possible to exploit the solutions in the same project.Research limitations/implicationsIn this empirical context, the traditional structural and sequential ambidexterity solutions are not sufficient. In construction projects, contextual ambidexterity solutions in which key project actors collaborate in developing systemic innovations and fine-tuning solutions across projects are more effective.Practical implicationsSufficient project size and/or long-term contracts over a series of projects enhance both investments in explorative activities and exploitation through continuous developments from project to project. In design–bid–build contracts, the client and consultant often miss opportunities to explore new technical solutions that rely on contractor competencies. Early procurement of contractors (e.g. in collaborative design–build contracts) thereby enables the achievement of both exploration and exploitation.Originality/valueThis study provides important input to the authors’ understanding of how exploration and exploitation may be managed in project-based industries, which has been scarcely studied in previous ambidexterity literature.
Human resource management practices and organizational commitment: research methods, issues and future directions (2001-2016)
Authors: Srirangam Ramaprasad Badrinarayan , Prabhu K.P. Nandan , Lakshminarayanan Sethumadhavan , Pai Yogesh P. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline the various research methods adopted by researchers in studies that have investigated the relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices and organizational commitment (OC).Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopted a comprehensive review that covers empirical research on HRM-OC relationship, which was published between 2001 and 2016 in international peer-reviewed journals. A total of 63 empirical studies were included in this review. Authors adopted content analysis to synthesize the findings on the adopted research methods.FindingsThis review clearly indicates the excessive reliance of researchers on specific research methods (i.e. surveys, individual-level analysis, and cross-sectional design). However, there is a steady increase in empirical studies that have adopted mixed-method, multi-actor, and multi-level research designs.Originality/valueThis review has attempted to explore advanced research methods that may offer assistance to overcome methodological limitations of the current HRM-OC literature.
Pro-poor adaptation for the urban extreme poor in the context of climate change
Authors: Hossain Md. Zakir , Rahman Md. Ashiq Ur 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine pro-poor urban asset adaptation to climate variability and change. It constructs a conceptual framework that explores the appropriate asset adaptation strategies for extreme poor households as well as the process of supporting these households and groups in accumulating these assets.

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative data are obtained from life histories, key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus-group discussions (FGDs). These data are collected, coded and themed.

Findings
This research identifies that households among the urban extreme poor do their best to adapt to perceived climate changes; however, in the absence of savings, and access to credit and insurance, they are forced to adopt adverse coping strategies. Individual adaptation practices yield minimal results and are short lived and even harmful because the urban extreme poor are excluded from formal policies and institutions as they lack formal rights and entitlements. For the poorest, the process of facilitating and maintaining patron–client relationships is a central coping strategy. Social policy approaches are found to be effective in facilitating asset adaptation for the urban extreme poor because they contribute to greater resilience to climate change.

Originality/value
This study analyses the empirical evidence through the lens of a pro-poor asset-adaptation framework. It shows that the asset-transfer approach is an effective in building household-adaptation strategies. Equally important is the capacity to participate in and influence the institutions from which these people have previously been excluded.
Social enterprise and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Palakshappa Nitha , Grant Suzanne 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the concepts of social enterprise (SE) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Both terms are regarded as pivotal but somewhat related when discussed in scholarship. Despite this few attempts have been made to isolate the manner in which they connect.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper the authors attempt to unpack these two terms in order to isolate key areas of overlap in their use and operationalization. In doing so, the authors address the call for work to synthesize the highly fragmented literature.FindingsThe paper demonstrates that, while SE and CSR retain a unique place in the business-society landscape, there is indeed an overlap between the two. The generation of value – social, collaborative, or strategic – appears to be a central theme that connects the two concepts.Originality/valueThe authors offer a detailed discussion of how SE and CSR have contributed to scholarship, and demonstrate that the two terms are indeed interrelated on many levels.
Female entrepreneurship in Africa
Authors: Nziku Dina Modestus , Struthers John Joseph 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework which combines the strength of weak ties (SWT) concept with an innovative taxonomy for mitigating principal-agent (P-A) conflicts. The taxonomy highlights the mechanisms through which African women can overcome the obstacles faced when setting up businesses.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses the role of “weak ties” networks in entrepreneurial activities and integrates the concept with the key parameters of the P-A paradigm. The aim is to develop a taxonomy (or scorecard) for mitigating the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in Africa from a P-A perspective. Six P-A parameters are analysed, namely, attitudes towards risk; behaviour-based vs targets-based contracts; asymmetric information; risk-sharing; transaction costs; and verification and monitoring costs.FindingsWith the aid of the taxonomy developed in the paper, the authors analyse the channels through which “SWT” networks may impact in mitigating the problems arising from the P-A paradigm. Some implications for women entrepreneurs in Africa are highlighted.Research limitations/implicationsThe current conceptual study suggests that the “SWT” concept can be used by African women entrepreneurs to mitigate P-A problems. The authors argue that the original P-A taxonomy developed in the paper fills a conceptual research gap in the existing literature. Embedding the SWT concept within a P-A framework will facilitate further research not only to understand African women entrepreneurs’ attitudes (and responses) towards risk and uncertainty, but this will also facilitate greater understanding of the importance women attach to the role of incentives within their businesses.Practical implicationsThe taxonomy presents new insights for understanding the most serious constraints that hinder women entrepreneurs in Africa. The taxonomy will be the basis for a follow-up empirical paper on selected African countries.Originality/valueThe originality of this study lies in the development of an innovative taxonomy which highlights the role of “SWT” social networks towards mitigating the P-A problem among African women entrepreneurs. The paper makes a significant contribution to the literature from a conceptual perspective.
High temperature mechanical properties of steel bars available in Pakistan
Authors: Rafi Muhammad Masood , Dahar Abdul Basit , Aziz Tariq 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the results of experimental testing of steel rebars at elevated temperatures. Three types of bars available in the local market in Pakistan were used. These data are not available in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThree types of bars were used, which included cold-twisted ribbed (CTR), hot-rolled deformed (HRD) and thermo-mechanically treated (TMT) bars. The diameter of the bar of each type was 16 mm. The bars were heated in an electrical furnace at temperatures which were varied from 100°C to 900°C in increment of 100°C. Bars of each type were also tested at ambient temperature as control specimens. The change of strength, strain and modulus of elasticity of the bars at high temperatures were determined.FindingsThe mechanical properties of the bars were nearly unaffected by the temperatures up to 200°C. CTR bars did not show yield plateau and strain hardening both at ambient and high temperatures. The high temperature yield strength and elastic modulus for all the three types of bars were similar at all temperatures. The yield plateau of both the HRD and TMT bars disappeared at temperatures greater than 300°C. The ultimate strength at high temperature of the HRD and TMT bars was also similar. The behaviours of the HRD and TMT bars changed to brittle beyond 400°C as compared to their behaviours at ambient temperature. The CTR bars exhibited ductile characteristics at failure at all the exposure temperatures relative to their behaviour at ambient temperature.Research limitations/implicationsThe parameters of the paper included the rebar type and heating temperature and the effects of temperature on strength and stiffness properties of the steel bars.Practical implicationsBuilding fire incidents have increased in Pakistan. As reinforced concrete (RC) buildings exist in the country in significant numbers, the data related to elevated temperature properties of steel is required. These data are not available in Pakistan presently. The presented paper aims at providing this information for the design engineers to enable them to assess and increase fire resistance of RC structural members.Originality/valueThe presented paper is unique in its nature in that there is no published contribution to date, to the best of authors’ knowledge, which has been carried out to assess the temperature-dependent mechanical properties of steel reinforcing bars available in Pakistan.
Preceding functional tooth loss delays recovery from acute cerebral hypoxia and locomotor hypoactivity after murine subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Mutoh Tatsushi , Sasaki Kazumasu , Tatewaki Yasuko , Kunitoki Keiko , Takano Yumi , Taki Yasuyuki 
Published: October 2017

SummaryTooth loss and related changes in the functionality may lead to worse outcome of stroke patients, but the effect on hemorrhagic stroke remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the impact of impaired masticatory function on acute cerebral oxygenation and locomotor activity after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Twenty C57BL/6 mice with (MC‐treated group) or without (control group) prior treatment of cutting off the upper molars were subjected to SAH by endovascular perforation. Grading of SAH and acute cerebral infarction were assessed by MR images. Brain tissue oxygen saturation (SbtO2) by photoacoustic imaging and parameters related to locomotor activity by open‐field test were analyzed serially after SAH. In all mice, global SbtO2 depression was notable immediately after SAH induction (P <.001), which recovered close to the baseline levels until day 3. However, MC‐treated mice demonstrated a prolonged relative cerebral hypoxia (<40% of the baseline SbtO2) as compared to the control (3 ± 1 vs 1 ± 1 days; P <.05). The average distance travelled on day 7 and the ratio of central‐area distance/total travelled distance by open‐field test between days 7 and 14 were significantly lower in MC‐treated mice than in the control mice (P <.05), although the occurrences of new infarction were not statistically different (P >.05). These data suggest a possible link between preceding masticatory impairment and early brain injury to deteriorate neurobehavioural function in patients after SAH.
Farm Capital Investment and Deviations from the Optimal Path
Authors: Skevas Theodoros , Wu Feng , Guan Zhengfei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe identify farms’ optimal investment path in capital assets and compare it with their actual investment to assess the direction and extent of deviation from the optimal investment. A probit model is further used to investigate the determinants of the probability that a farmer over‐ or under‐invests in capital assets. We use a panel dataset of Dutch dairy farms over the period 2003–2013, and find that most farms under‐invest in capital assets during the study period. Although the number of farms that had over‐invested in capital assets is relatively small, these farms account for the biggest share of total investment in capital assets. The probit results show that liquidity, agricultural support payments, age, land tenure and standard output size are important variables explaining the likelihood of over‐and under‐investment.
An Investigation into the Relationship between Human Cranial and Pelvic Sexual Dimorphism
Authors: Best Kaleigh C. , Garvin Heather M. , Cabo Luis L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWhen faced with commingled remains, it might be assumed that a more “masculine” pelvis is associated with a more “masculine” cranium, but this relationship has not been specifically tested. This study uses geometric morphometric analyses of pelvic and cranial landmarks to assess whether there is an intra‐individual relationship between the degrees of sexual expression in these two skeletal regions. Principal component and discriminant function scores were used to assess sexual dimorphism in 113 U.S. Black individuals. Correlation values and partial least squares regression (PLS) were used to evaluate intra‐individual relationships. Results indicate that the os coxae is more sexually dimorphic than the cranium, with element shape being more sexually dimorphic than size. PLS and correlation results suggest no significant intra‐individual relationship between pelvic and cranial sexual size or shape expression. Thus, in commingled situations, associations between these skeletal elements cannot be inferred based on degree of “masculinity.”
Supporting team citizenship: The influence of team social resources on team‐level affiliation‐oriented and challenge‐oriented behaviour
Authors: Stoverink Adam C. , Chiaburu Dan S. , Li Ning , Zheng Xingshan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUsing a conservation of resources theoretical framework, we connect within‐team social resources with team‐level citizenship behaviours. In a sample of 385 employees situated in 70 teams from China, we confirm that team social support and team psychological safety interact to influence both affiliation‐oriented (AOCB) and challenge‐oriented (COCB) citizenship. Specifically, the two social resources substitute for one another, such that “either” team social support “or” psychological safety may be sufficient to increase AOCB. We find a consistent yet more complex pattern for COCB. Furthermore, drawing on the team prosocial motivation literature, we uncover team effort as a mediator to the effects of both social resources on AOCB. Our findings suggest that managers may enhance team citizenship by promoting team‐level social resources (social support and psychological safety), and they may only need to focus their energies on one of these resources, as exerting effort towards both may be redundant and inefficient.
Characterization of an Olive Flounder Bone Gelatin‐Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite Film and Evaluation of Its Potential Application in Spinach Packaging
Authors: Beak Songee , Kim Hyeri , Song Kyung Bin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOlive flounder bone gelatin (OBG) was used for a film base material in this study. In addition, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) were incorporated into the OBG film to prepare a nanocomposite film and to impart antimicrobial activity to it. The tensile strength of the OBG film increased by 6.62 MPa, and water vapor permeability and water solubility decreased by 0.93 × 10−9 g/m s Pa and 13.79%, respectively, by the addition of ZnO to the OBG film. In particular, the OBG–ZnO film exhibited antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. To investigate the applicability of the OBG–ZnO packaging film, fresh spinach was wrapped in this film and stored for a week. The results indicated that the OBG–ZnO film showed antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes inoculated on spinach without affecting the quality of spinach, such as vitamin C content and color. Thus, the OBG–ZnO nanocomposite film can be applied as an efficient antimicrobial food packaging material.Practical ApplicationAs a base material of edible films, gelatin was extracted from olive flounder bone, which is fish processing by‐product. Olive flounder bone gelatin (OBG) nanocomposite films were prepared with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO). For an application to antimicrobial packaging, spinach was wrapped with the OBG‐ZnO nanocomposite film.
Intra‐articular hyaluronic acid injection in treating knee osteoarthritis: assessing risk of bias in systematic reviews with ROBIS tool
Authors: Xing Dan , Wang Bin , Zhang Wei , Yang Ziyi , Hou Yunfei , Chen Yaolong , Lin Jianhao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesIntra‐articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) is a common, yet controversial therapeutic option in treating knee osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of the present study was to assess the risk of bias (RoB) of systematic reviews (SRs) and to summarize available evidence of HA in treating knee OA.MethodsA systematic search of SRs published through to December 2016 was conducted using the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. The RoB of included SRs was assessed by ROBIS tool. In addition, the methodological quality of primary studies in SRs with low RoB was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook. The evidence quality of each primary outcome of SRs with low RoB was determined by the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) system.ResultsThirty‐one SRs were eligible for inclusion. According to the ROBIS tool, there were 13 SRs with low RoB, 16 with high RoB and two with unclear RoB. The methodological quality of a total of 135 primary studies was evaluated and summarized. Forty‐two outcomes from these 13 SRs were classified into the four following quality levels based on the GRADE approach: three outcomes with high quality, eight with moderate quality, 12 with low quality and 19 with very low quality.ConclusionsThis study evaluated RoB in SRs for managing knee OA with HA and assessed the evidence quality of each primary outcome in SRs with low RoB. These results can help users of SRs to improve the process of SR assessment in developing overviews or guidelines, leading to more reliable recommendations for improvements in treating knee OA. Registration: PROSPERO ((http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO) [CRD42017057384].
The G20: Emerging Chinese Leadership in Global Governance?
Authors: Ren Xiao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChina today is playing an increasingly prominent role in the world in general and global governance in particular. What is revealing was China's experience in the G20, especially when China held the 2016 presidency for the G20 Hangzhou Summit. This article first examines leadership in international relations and then analyzes China's ideas and actions as the G20 president. It comes to the conclusion that China has played a leadership role throughout the process. That experience also points to the direction for the future of China in global governance.
TreeSimGM: Simulating phylogenetic trees under general Bellman–Harris models with lineage‐specific shifts of speciation and extinction in R
Authors: Hagen Oskar , Stadler Tanja 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnderstanding macroevolutionary processes using phylogenetic trees is a challenging and complex process that draws on mathematics, computer science and biology. Given the development of complex mathematical models and the growing computational processing power, simulation tools are becoming increasingly popular.In order to simulate phylogenetic trees, most evolutionary biologists are forced to build their own algorithms or use existing tools built on different platforms and/or as standalone programmes. The absence of a simulation tool accommodating for user‐chosen model specifications limits, amongst others, model testing and pipelining with approximate Bayesian computation methods or other subsequent statistical analysis.We introduce“TreeSimGM,” anr‐package simulation tool for phylogenetic trees under a general Bellman and Harris model. This package allows the user to specify any desired probability distribution for the waiting times until speciation and extinction (e.g. age‐dependent speciation/extinction). Upon speciation, the user can specify whether one descendant species corresponds to the ancestor species inheriting its age or whether both descendant species are new species of age 0. Moreover, it is possible to scale the waiting time to speciation/extinction for newly formed species. Thus,“TreeSimGM”not only allows the user to simulate stochastic phylogenetic trees assuming several popular existing models, such as the Yule model, the constant‐rate birth–death model, and proportional to distinguishable arrangement models, but it also allows the user to formulate new models for exploration. A short explanation of the supported models and a few examples of how to use our package are presented here.As anr‐package,“TreeSimGM”allows flexible and powerful stochastic phylogenetic tree simulations. Moreover, it facilitates the pipelining of outputs or inputs with other functions inr.“TreeSimGM”contributes to the tools available to thercommunity in the fields of ecology and evolution, is freely available under theGPL‐2 licence and can be downloaded athttps://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/TreeSimGM.