bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Detection of Hemoglobin: A Review
Authors: Hussain Khalil Khadim , Moon Jong‐Min , Park Deog‐Su , Shim Yoon‐Bo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHemoglobin (Hb) is a tetrameric hemoprotein that is located in red blood cells (RBCs) and is responsible for O2 transport in the circulatory system. Conventionally, Hb assay is a specific and sensitive indicator for the diagnosis of anemia and other related diseases. To date, various methods have been used for the analysis of Hb, and of these, electrochemical method is the simplest and reliable technique. Therefore, several approaches have been reported for the quantification of Hb, including the direct electron transfer (DET) with or without a mediator onto the electrode surface, molecular imprinted polymer (MIPs), and immunoreaction. To realize the direct electrochemistry of Hb, the modification of the electrode surface either with a mediator or catalyst to promote the redox process, which can be applied for the sensitive and selective detection of Hb. This review contains a comprehensive introduction to electrochemical Hb detection methods using modified electrode surfaces. Finally, the review gives a brief insight into the electrochemical sensing platform developed for the analysis of other type of globins such as, myoglobin and glycated hemoglobin. The objectives of this review are to summarize various electrochemical detection methods for Hb and to facilitate future development of new sensing platforms for the medical and healthcare applications.
Evaluation of Nafion with Various Pt–C Concentrations in Membrane Electrode Assemblies for PEMFCs
Authors: Wuttikid K. , Shimpalee S. , Weidner J. W. , Punyawudho K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMembrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were fabricated directly onto the electrolyte membrane, using an ultrasonic spraying technique. Pt–C catalysts, with concentrations of 10%, 20% and 40% by weight, were used, and the Pt loading onto the MEAs was kept constant at 0.3 mg cm−2. Nafion contents were considered from 15% to 35 wt.%. The morphologies of the MEAs were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in which the agglomeration of Pt–C particles was imaged, and a secondary pore in the catalyst layers (CLs) was revealed. The cross‐section images showed that the thickness of the CLs depended on the Pt–C concentration. The electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of those Pt–C concentrations and various compositions of Nafion contents were examined by cyclic voltammetry. Polarization curves were also measured and showed that the Nafion contents of 25 wt.%, 20 wt.%, and 15 wt.% gave the best performance for 10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, and 40 wt.% Pt–C catalysts, respectively. This indicates the Pt concentration is dependent on the Nafion content; the greater the weight of platinum in the catalysts, the less Nafion ionomer is required to optimize the electrochemical reaction. The data shows the same results regardless of the MEA fabrication techniques, operating conditions and Pt loadings.
Influence of Copper‐based Anode Composition on Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Performance
Authors: De Marco V. , Iannaci A. , Lo Faro M. , Sglavo V. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPlanar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which are intended to be used in the intermediate temperature range (600–800 °C) and whose supporting anode contains various amount of Cu in Li‐doped gadolinia‐doped ceria matrix, are produced and characterized in the present work. Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT‐SOFC) performances are investigated by recording polarization and power density at different temperatures. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements are carried out to analyze how internal resistances change as function of temperature and, above all, for variable Cu content. The gadolinia‐doped ceria electrolyte microstructure and the cell integrity after sintering are also shown to depend on the initial CuO content in the anode. The electronic conductivity increases with Cu content within the anodic cermet. When the anode contains more than 25 vol.% CuO, a dense Li‐doped gadolinia‐doped ceria electrolyte can be obtained by sintering at 900 °C. Conversely, CuO load in excess to 50% in the anode is detrimental because of the formation of macroscopic cracks within the electrolyte. Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells produced with an anodic layer containing 50 vol.% CuO show the lowest impedance parameters.
Capability of the SMHI‐RCA4 RCM driven by the ERA‐Interim reanalysis to simulate heat waves in Argentina
Authors: Collazo Soledad , Lhotka Ondřej , Rusticucci Matilde , Kyselý Jan 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of the work was to evaluate the capability of the SMHI‐RCA4 regional climate model (RCM) driven by the ERA‐Interim reanalysis to simulate heat waves in Argentina. Firstly, we evaluated simulations of summer daily maximum temperature (Tmax) against observed data from nine stations. The model showed a warm Tmax bias at six locations and the smallest and/or negative biases were located over regions with complex topography. Heat waves were defined based on exceedances of the daily 90th percentile of Tmax at individual stations. The model overestimated the intensity, duration, and number of heat waves at all locations, but more intense heat waves were underestimated. In particular, we analysed the extreme heat wave that occurred in November 1985 in northeastern Argentina and found out that a possible reason for its underestimation was an inaccurate simulation of the sea level pressure gradient in the region. The weaker pressure gradient in the model caused a reduction of the warm northerly advection. Finally, we studied how the parameters of heat waves varied among different phases of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) for observed and modelled data. At five stations, the strongest heat waves occurred during La Niña years and were probably associated with the decrease in precipitation.
Moving towards a wave‐resolved approach to forecasting mountain wave induced clear air turbulence
Authors: Elvidge Andrew D. , Vosper Simon B. , Wells Helen , Cheung Jacob C. H. , Derbyshire Steve H. , Turp Debi 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTMountain wave breaking in the lower stratosphere is one of the major causes of atmospheric turbulence encountered in commercial aviation, which in turn is the cause of most weather‐related aircraft incidents. In the case of clear air turbulence (CAT), there are no visual clues and pilots are reliant on operational forecasts and reports from other aircraft. Traditionally mountain waves have been sub‐grid‐scale in global numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, but recent developments in NWP mean that some forecast centres (e.g. the UK Met Office) are now producing operational global forecasts that resolve mountain wave activity explicitly, allowing predictions of mountain wave induced turbulence with greater accuracy and confidence than previously possible. Using a bespoke turbulent kinetic energy diagnostic, the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) is shown to produce useful forecasts of mountain CAT during three case studies over Greenland, and to outperform the current operational Met Office CAT prediction product (the World Area Forecast Centre (WAFC) London gridded CAT product) in doing so. In a long term, 17‐month, verification, MetUM forecasts yield a turbulence prediction hit rate of 80% with an accompanying false alarm rate of under 40%. These skill scores are a considerable improvement on those reported for the mountain wave component of the WAFC product, although no direct comparison is available. The major implication of this work is that sophisticated global NWP models are now sufficiently advanced to provide skilful forecasts of mountain wave turbulence.
Glucosomes: Glycosylated Vesicle‐in‐Vesicle Aggregates in Water from pH‐Responsive Microbial Glycolipid
Authors: Baccile Niki , Le Griel Patrick , Prévost Sylvain , Everaert Bernd , Van Bogaert Inge N. A. , Roelants Sophie , Soetaert Wim 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVesicle‐in‐vesicle self‐assembled containers, or vesosomes, are promising alternatives to liposomes because of their possible hierarchical encapsulation and high stability. We report herein the first example of sugar‐based vesicles‐in‐vesicles, which we baptize glucosomes. These were prepared by using a natural microbial glycolipid (branched C22 sophorolipid) extracted from the culture medium of the yeast Pseudohyphozyma bogoriensis. Glucosomes spontaneously formed in water between pH 6 and pH 4 at room temperature, without the requirement of any additive. By means of pH‐resolved in situ small angle X‐ray scattering, we provided direct evidence for the vesicle‐formation mechanism. Statistical treatment of the vesicle radii distribution measured by cryo‐tansmission electron microscopy by using a derived form of the Helfrich bending free‐energy expression provided an order of magnitude for the effective bending constant (the sum of the curvature and the saddle‐splay moduli) of the lipid membrane to K=(0.4±0.1) kBT. This value is in agreement with the bending constant measured for hydrocarbon‐based vesicles membranes.
Compensation for state‐dependent nonlinearity in a modified repetitive control system
Authors: Zhou Lan , She Jinhua , Zhou Shaowu , Li Chaoyi 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis paper presents an estimation and compensation of state‐dependent nonlinearity for a modified repetitive control system. It is based on the equivalent‐input‐disturbance (EID) approach. The nonlinearity is estimated by an EID estimator and compensated by incorporation of the estimate into the repetitive control input. A two‐dimensional model of the EID‐based modified repetitive control system is established that enables the preferential adjustment of control and learning actions by means of 2 tuning parameters. The singular‐value‐decomposition technique and Lyapunov stability theory are used to derive a linear‐matrix‐inequality–based asymptotic stability condition. Exploiting the stability condition and an overall performance evaluation index, a design algorithm is developed. Simulation results for the tracking control of a chuck‐workpiece system show that the method not only compensates state‐dependent nonlinearity but also improves the tracking performance for the periodic reference input, thereby demonstrating the validity of the method.
Designing Benzodithiophene‐Based Donor Materials with Favorable Photovoltaic Parameters for Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zara Zeenat , Iqbal Javed , BiBi Shamsa , Sadaf Sana , Eliasson Bertil 
Published: July 2017

AbstractComputational study on four Acceptor‐Donor‐Acceptor (A–D‐A) type of donor molecules namely, dimethyl cyanoacetate terthiophene di(methylthiophene) benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (DMCATDMTBDT) (M1), methylrhodanine terthiophene di (methylthiophene) benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (MRTDMTBDT) (M2), dimethyl cyanoacetate terthiophene di (fluoromethyl thiophene) benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (DMCATDFMTBDT) (M3), and methylrhodanine terthiophene di (fluoromethyl thiophene) benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (MRTDFMTBDT) (M4) was carried out and their photovoltaic properties were associated with methyl cyanoacetate terthiophene di (methoxy) benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (DCAO3TBDT) (R1) and methylrhodanine terthiophene di (methoxy) benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (DR3TBDT) (R2). For the geometry optimization DFT functional CAM−B3LYP/6‐31G (d) was found to be the best choice, hence TD‐CAM−B3LYP/6‐31G (d) was opted for the calculation of excited state of the molecules. M3 and M4 represented appropriate frontier molecular orbital energy levels and broad absorption band. The reorganization energies of the designed molecules illustrated excellent charge mobility property. The lower λe values as compared to λh illustrate that the designed donor molecules are better electron donors. M4 was found as champion molecules with the lowest λe (0.01601) value. The Voc value of M3 and M4 are 2.74 eV and 2.63 eV respectively with respect to the energy levels of PC60BM (acceptor).
Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Acquire Chemoresistance Through the Upregulation of F-Box/WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7 and the Consequent Degradation of c-Myc
Authors: Izumi Daisuke , Ishimoto Takatsugu , Miyake Keisuke , Eto Tsugio , Arima Kota , Kiyozumi Yuki , Uchihara Tomoyuki , Kurashige Junji , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Baba Yoshifumi , Sakamoto Yasuo , Miyamoto Yuji , Yoshida Naoya , Watanabe Masayuki , Goel Ajay , Tan Patrick , Baba Hideo 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm suggests that tumors are organized hierarchically. Chugai previously established an LGR5+ human colorectal cancer (CRC) stem-cell-enriched cell line (colorectal CSCs) that expresses well-accepted colorectal CSC markers and that can dynamically switch between proliferative and drug-resistant noncycling states. We performed this study to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for evading cell death in colorectal CSCs mediated by anticancer agents. During the cell cycle arrest caused by anticancer agents, we found that c-Myc expression was substantially decreased in colorectal CSCs. The c-Myc expression alterations were mediated by upregulation of F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (FBXW7), as evidenced through FBXW7-small interfering RNA knockdown experiments that resulted in enhanced cell sensitivity to anticancer agents. Upregulation of FBXW7 following drug treatment was not evident in commercially available cancer cell lines. Colorectal CSCs were induced to differentiation by Matrigel and fetal bovine serum. Differentiated CSCs treated with anticancer agents did not show upregulation of FBXW7 and were more sensitive to irinotecan (CPT-11), highlighting the potential CSC-specific nature of our data. The FBXW7 over-expression was further validated in resected liver metastatic sites in CRC patients after chemotherapy. In conclusion, our study revealed that a CSC-specific FBXW7-regulatory mechanism is strongly associated with resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Inhibition of FBXW7-upregulation in CSCs following chemotherapy may enhance the response to anticancer agents and represents an attractive strategy for the elimination of colorectal CSCs.
Geometrically non‐linear elastic model for a thin composite layer with wavy surfaces
Authors: Kalamkarov A. L. , Tornabene F. , Pacheco P. M. C. L. , Savi M. A. , Saha G. C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe geometrically non‐linear elastic thin composite layer model is developed through the application of the modified asymptotic homogenization method. The set of local unit cell problems and the analytical formulae for the effective stiffness moduli of the non‐linear homogenized plate accounting the higher order terms of the asymptotic expansions are derived. They make it possible to gain useful insight into the manner in which the geometrical and mechanical properties of the individual constituents affect the elastic properties of the composite layer with wavy surfaces. It is shown that in the limiting case of a homogeneous layer of constant thickness the derived asymptotic homogenization model converges to the geometrically non‐linear mean‐flexure plate theory. And the obtained expressions for the mid‐surface strains converge to von Kármán's formulae. The derived non‐linear homogenization model is illustrated by an example of a laminated plate.
Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium), and its occurrence in indoor environments and food
Authors: Chen A.J. , Hubka V. , Frisvad J.C. , Visagie C.M. , Houbraken J. , Meijer M. , Varga J. , Demirel R. , Jurjević Ž. , Kubátová A. , Sklenář F. , Zhou Y.G. , Samson R.A. 
Published: July 2017

Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly the genus Eurotium) includes xerophilic species with uniseriate conidiophores, globose to subglobose vesicles, green conidia and yellow, thin walled eurotium-like ascomata with hyaline, lenticular ascospores. In the present
study, a polyphasic approach using morphological characters, extrolites, physiological characters and phylogeny was applied to investigate the taxonomy of this section. Over 500 strains from various culture collections and new isolates obtained from indoor environments and a wide range of
substrates all over the world were identified using calmodulin gene sequencing. Of these, 163 isolates were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses using sequences of ITS rDNA, partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2)
genes. Colony characteristics were documented on eight cultivation media, growth parameters at three incubation temperatures were recorded and micromorphology was examined using light microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy to illustrate and characterize each species. Many specific
extrolites were extracted and identified from cultures, including echinulins, epiheveadrides, auroglaucins and anthraquinone bisanthrons, and to be consistent in strains of nearly all species. Other extrolites are species-specific, and thus valuable for identification. Several extrolites show
antioxidant effects, which may be nutritionally beneficial in food and beverages. Important mycotoxins in the strict sense, such as sterigmatocystin, aflatoxins, ochratoxins, citrinin were not detected despite previous reports on their production in this section. Adopting a polyphasic approach,
31 species are recognized, including nine new species. ITS is highly conserved in this section and does not distinguish species. All species can be differentiated using CaM or RPB2 sequences. For BenA, Aspergillus brunneus and A. niveoglaucus share identical
sequences. Ascospores and conidia morphology, growth rates at different temperatures are most useful characters for phenotypic species identification.
THE REACH OF THE MILITARY: TANG
Authors: Graff David A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDuring the Tang period (618–907), war and the preparations for war significantly influenced the shape of the Chinese empire and the lives of its people. That influence can be found on at least four levels. The first of these is the state’s demand for military service, which imposed a variety of burdens upon a significant percentage of the population. The second is the state’s demand for cash, fabric, grain and other financial and material resources to meet the needs of the military establishment, a demand that affected the whole of the taxpaying population. Third is the loss and destruction caused directly by warfare, especially massive internal conflicts such as the rebellions of An Lushan and Huang Chao. Fourth, and most far-reaching and diffuse, is the range of cultural reactions to military affairs, from the emphatic embrace of martial attitudes and behaviors to their emphatic rejection.
CLAIMS AGAINST THIRD-PARTY RECIPIENTS OF TRUST PROPERTY
Authors: Salmons David 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article argues that claims to recover trust property from third parties arise in response to a trustee's duty to preserve identifiable property, and that unjust enrichment is incompatible with such claims. First, unjust enrichment can only assist with the recovery of abstract wealth and so it does not assist in the recovery of specific property. Second, it is difficult to identify a convincing justification for introducing unjust enrichment. Third, it will work to the detriment of innocent recipients. The article goes on to show how Re Diplock supports this analysis, by demonstrating that no duty of preservation had been breached and that a proprietary claim should not have been available in that case. The simple conclusion is that claims to recover specific property and claims for unjust enrichment should be seen as mutually exclusive.
THE RECOVERY OF GAINS FROM A FIDUCIARY'S MISUSE OF TRUST FUNDS
Authors: Devonshire Peter 
Published: July 2017

SUPPOSE a trustee misapplies trust funds to purchase property for his own benefit. If the acquired property increases in value, what is the nature of the beneficiaries’ claim in respect of those gains? This was recently considered by the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal in Tang v Tang [2017] HKCFA 3. In 2003 the administrator of an estate (the defendant) purchased property (the “Property”). The purchase was partly funded by the unauthorised use of HK $11.48 m from the estate. Shortly afterwards, the defendant executed a declaration of trust over the Property in favour of his corporate vehicle, Tri-Strong Investment Ltd. The Property was subsequently transferred to this company. Seven months after acquiring the Property, the defendant paid the estate the full amount that had been withdrawn together with interest. In 2005 the estate beneficiaries discovered the defendant's misuse of estate money and commenced proceedings alleging breach of fiduciary duty. By the time the matter was heard, the Property had increased significantly in value.
The End of Bare Life?
Authors: NOLAN RACHEL ELIN 
Published: July 2017

Since Giorgio Agamben's influential critique of the liberal-democratic state, scholars have offered a more fulsome engagement with the ways that this formation extends Foucauldian biopolitical discourses by foregrounding the emergence of biological existence as “the new political subject.” InHomo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare LifeAgamben argues that it is impossible to understand the development, vocation, and contradictions of the modern state “if one forgets that what lies at its basis is not man as a free and conscious political subject, but, above all, man's bare life, the simple birth that as such is, in the passage from subject to citizen, invested in the principle of sovereignty.” Bare or pure life is the human as animal in nature without political definition or mediation. It is the isolation of the metaphysical from the various forms of concrete life that defines and conditions Western politics. Projects that imagine political communities as grounded in belonging or endeavor to found political rights in the citizen are in vain. The figure of thehomo sacer – the “sacred man” who “may be killed and yet not sacrificed” – is one of the most distinctive elements of Agamben's project of redefining sovereignty in biopolitical terms. Contra notions of collective political sovereignty as the basis of state politics, the figure of thehomo sacerattends to a more authoritarian model that pivots on the role of state authorities in simultaneously conditioning and dis/avowing the movement from bare life to rights-bearing subject.
Speciation in the genusCloacina(Nematoda: Strongylida): species flocks and intra-host speciation
Authors: CHILTON N. B. , SHUTTLEWORTH M. A. , HUBY-CHILTON F. , KOEHLER A. V. , JABBAR A. , GASSER R. B. , BEVERIDGE I. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYSequences of the first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 + ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were employed to determine whether the congeneric assemblages of species of the strongyloid nematode genusCloacina, found in the forestomachs of individual species of kangaroos and wallabies (Marsupialia: Macropodidae), considered to represent species flocks, were monophyletic. Nematode assemblages examined in the black-striped wallaby,Macropus(Notamacropus)dorsalis, the wallaroos,Macropus(Osphranter)antilopinus/robustus, rock wallabies,Petrogalespp., the quokka,Setonix brachyurus,and the swamp wallaby,Wallabia bicolor,were not monophyletic and appeared to have arisen by host colonization. However, a number of instances of within-host speciation were detected, suggesting that a variety of methods of speciation have contributed to the evolution of the complex assemblages of species present in this genus.