bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ELECTRON CYCLOTRON MASER EMISSIONS FROM EVOLVING FAST ELECTRON BEAMS
Authors: Tang J. F. , Wu D. J. , Chen L. , Zhao G. Q. , Tan C. M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Fast electron beams (FEBs) are common products of solar active phenomena. Solar radio bursts are an important diagnostic tool for understanding FEBs and the solar plasma environment in which they propagate along solar magnetic fields. In particular, the evolution of the energy spectrum and velocity distribution of FEBs due to the interaction with the ambient plasma and field during propagation can significantly influence the efficiency and properties of their emissions. In this paper, we discuss the possible evolution of the energy spectrum and velocity distribution of FEBs due to energy loss processes and the pitch-angle effect caused by magnetic field inhomogeneity, and we analyze the effects of the evolution on electron-cyclotron maser (ECM) emission, which is one of the most important mechanisms for producing solar radio bursts by FEBs. Our results show that the growth rates all decrease with the energy loss factor Q, but increase with the magnetic mirror ratio σ as well as with the steepness index δ. Moreover, the evolution of FEBs can also significantly influence the fastest growing mode and the fastest growing phase angle. This leads to the change of the polarization sense of the ECM emission. In particular, our results also reveal that an FEB that undergoes different evolution processes will generate different types of ECM emission. We believe the present results to be very helpful for a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamic spectra of solar radio bursts.
THE ACS LCID PROJECT. XI. ON THE EARLY TIME RESOLUTION OF SFHs OF LOCAL GROUP DWARF GALAXIES: COMPARING THE EFFECTS OF REIONIZATION IN MODELS WITH OBSERVATIONS*
Authors: Aparicio Antonio , Hidalgo Sebastian L. , Skillman Evan , Cassisi Santi , Mayer Lucio , Navarro Julio , Cole Andrew , Gallart Carme , Monelli Matteo , Weisz Daniel , Bernard Edouard , Dolphin Andrew , Stetson Peter 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The analysis of the early star formation history (SFH) of nearby galaxies, obtained from their resolved stellar populations, is relevant as a test for cosmological models. However, the early time resolution of observationally derived SFHs is limited by several factors. Thus, direct comparison of observationally derived SFHs with those derived from theoretical models of galaxy formation is potentially biased. Here we investigate and quantify this effect. For this purpose, we analyze the duration of the early star formation activity in a sample of four Local Group dwarf galaxies and test whether they are consistent with being true fossils of the pre-reionization era; i.e., if the quenching of their star formation occurred before cosmic reionization by UV photons was completed. Two classical dSph (Cetus and Tucana) and two dTrans (LGS-3 and Phoenix) isolated galaxies with total stellar masses between

and

have been studied. Accounting for time resolution effects, the SFHs peak as much as 1.25 Gyr earlier than the optimal solutions. Thus, this effect is important for a proper comparison of model and observed SFHs. It is also shown that none of the analyzed galaxies can be considered a true fossil of the pre-reionization era, although it is possible that the outer regions of Cetus and Tucana are consistent with quenching by reionization.
ALMA RESOLVES THE TORUS OF NGC 1068: CONTINUUM AND MOLECULAR LINE EMISSION
Authors: García-Burillo S. , Combes F. , Almeida C. Ramos , Usero A. , Krips M. , Alonso-Herrero A. , Aalto S. , Casasola V. , Hunt L. K. , Martín S. , Viti S. , Colina L. , Costagliola F. , Eckart A. , Fuente A. , Henkel C. , Márquez I. , Neri R. , Schinnerer E. , Tacconi L. J. , Werf P. P. van der 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We used the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) to map the emission of the CO(6–5) molecular line and the 432 μm continuum emission from the 300 pc sized circumnuclear disk (CND) of the nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 with a spatial resolution of ∼4 pc. These observations spatially resolve the CND and, for the first time, image the dust emission, the molecular gas distribution, and the kinematics from a 7–10 pc diameter disk that represents the submillimeter counterpart of the putative torus of NGC 1068. We fitted the nuclear spectral energy distribution of the torus using ALMA and near- and mid-infrared (NIR/MIR) data with CLUMPY torus models. The mass and radius of the best-fit solution for the torus are both consistent with the values derived from the ALMA data alone:

M

gas

torus

=
(
1
±
0.3
)
×

10

5

M

☉

and R
torus = 3.5 ± 0.5 pc. The dynamics of the molecular gas in the torus show strong non-circular motions and enhanced turbulence superposed on a surprisingly slow rotation pattern of the disk. By contrast with the nearly edge-on orientation of the H2O megamaser disk, we found evidence suggesting that the molecular torus is less inclined (i = 34°–66°) at larger radii. The lopsided morphology and complex kinematics of the torus could be the signature of the Papaloizou–Pringle instability, long predicted to likely drive the dynamical evolution of active galactic nuclei tori.
A memória de Rahul
Authors: Rocha Morganna Sousa 
Published: May 2016

<p>Este artigo busca através da fenomenologia da lembrança, do hermeneuta e fenomenológo francês Paul Ricoeur, problematizar e compreender a manifestação da memória do narrador personagem Rahul, o qual narra suas lembranças da forma como lhe aparecem, no último romance de Lygia Fagundes Telles intitulado <em>As Horas Nuas</em>. Para alcançar mais aspectos do texto literário organizamos este artigo segundo suas três memórias. O desejo é compreender suas falhas e dúvidas na atividade rememorativa além de delinearmos o que foi verdade ou imaginação. Para esta análise é muito importante o estilo narrativo e visual do qual se apropria a escritora neste texto literário.</p><p> </p>
CONSTRUÇÕES CAUSATIVAS SINTÉTICAS: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE A GRAMÁTICA GERATIVA E A GRAMÁTICA DE CONSTRUÇÕES
Authors: Milanio Glenda Queiroz 
Published: May 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar comparativamente as causativas simples derivadas de cenários convencionalizados do inglês com as causativas sintéticas do português brasileiro (PB). Para realização dessa pesquisa, adotamos como quadro teórico a Teoria Gerativa (CHOMSKY, 1981,1999, 2002; RAPOSO, 1992; MIOTO, 2007; PYLKKÄNEN 2002, 2008; BLANCO 2010, 2011; SILVA, 2009 e AUTOR, 2014) e a Gramática de Construções (GOLDBERG, 1995). Em relação às propriedades semânticas dessas construções, identificamos que elas apresentam uma leitura ambígua de papel temático na posição de sujeito. Além disso, são formadas com verbos que possuem como propriedade semântica a necessidade de um <em>instrumento artificial alienável</em>, que possa ser transferido de um indivíduo para outro. Assim, assumimos que essas construções possuem um causado com traço [+ agentivo], que não é realizado fonologicamente, embora faça parte da estrutural argumental do verbo. Esse causado [+agentivo] apresenta uma interpretação arbitrária como sujeito indeterminado capaz de executar a ação verbal. Em relação às propriedades sintáticas, essas construções necessitam dos núcleos funcionais VoiceP e vPCAUSE, para possibilitarem as projeções dos argumentos causador e causado [+agentivo], respectivamente. Desse modo, essa análise translinguística possibilitou constatarmos que as causativas simples do inglês e as causativas sintéticas do PB compartilham propriedades sintáticas e semânticas.
Exploring Fatigue Trajectories in Early Symptomatic Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis: 6-year Results from the CHECK Study
Authors: Botterman Jadran , Bode Christina , Siemons Liseth , van de Laar Mart A.F.J. , Dekker Joost 
Published: May 2016

Objective.To examine whether different groups of fatigue trajectories can be identified among patients with early symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee or hip, to describe the level of fatigue severity within each of these fatigue groups, and to investigate the involvement of age, sex, use of medication, comorbidity, and OA severity in relation to group membership.Methods.Six years of followup data on fatigue (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Vitality scale) came from the Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee (CHECK) cohort. Growth mixture modeling was applied to identify distinct fatigue trajectories as well as to take into account the effects of the patient characteristics.Results.Three fatigue trajectories were identified: low fatigue, low-to-high fatigue, and high fatigue. Latter trajectories showed considerable overlap from years 2 to 6, but differed in some patient characteristics in comparison with each other and in comparison with the low fatigue group. Comorbidity, medication use, and sex were significantly associated with the identified trajectories. Women, individuals with a comorbid disease, and those who used medication were more likely to follow a high fatigue trajectory.Conclusion.These findings suggest heterogeneous development of fatigue in the early OA population associated with varying patient characteristics. Further, this study shows that a considerable number of patients with OA already experience elevated levels of fatigue at an early stage of OA. While these findings need to be replicated, the identification of these trajectories with differing patient characteristics may warrant tailored psychosocial interventions for patients with elevated levels of fatigue.
Tocilizumab in Giant Cell Arteritis: A Multicenter Retrospective Study of 34 Patients
Authors: Régent Alexis , Redeker Serge , Deroux Alban , Kieffer Pierre , Ly Kim Heang , Dougados Maxime , Liozon Eric , Larroche Claire , Guillevin Loïc , Bouillet Laurence , Espitia Olivier , Costedoat-Chalumeau Nathalie , Soubrier Martin , Brihaye Benoît , Lifermann François , Lefevre Guillaume , Puéchal Xavier , Mouthon Luc , Toussirot Eric ,   for the French Vasculitis Group, the Groupe Francais pour l’Etude de l’Artérite à Cellules Géantes, and the Club Rhumatismes et Inflammation
Published: May 2016

Objective.To report the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) for giant cell arteritis (GCA).Methods.A retrospective multicenter study that included 34 patients receiving TCZ for GCA.Results.TCZ was effective in all but 6 patients, who still had mild symptoms. Mean glucocorticoid dose was tapered. One patient died and 3 patients had to stop TCZ therapy because of severe adverse events. Twenty-three patients stopped treatment; 8 of these experienced relapses after a mean of 3.5 ± 1.3 months.Conclusion.TCZ is effective in GCA. However, side effects occur. Whether this treatment has only a suspensive effect remains to be determined.
Focal Nonperfusion of Deep Retinal Capillary Plexus in Eyes With Epiretinal Membranes Revealed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Lin Tai-Chi , Chung Yu-Chien , Lin Che-Yu , Lee Fenq-Lih , Chen Shih-Jen 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the leakage pattern in eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERM) using fluorescein angiography (FA) and the structure of the retinal capillary plexus with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The authors enrolled patients with idiopathic macular ERM in the consecutive case series study. All patients were evaluated using FA at the central macula area and OCTA at the central 3 mm × 3 mm.

RESULTS:
Six patients (seven eyes) with ERM completed this preliminary study. The authors examined five eyes that showed increased macular thickness without a lamellar hole and two eyes that showed combined ERM with a lamellar hole. In the five eyes with ERM alone, the irregular focal hypofluorescent areas in FA corresponded to the locations of absent or low flow signals within vasculatures in the deep retinal capillary plexus seen in OCTA, whereas most of the superficial retinal capillary plexus was not affected, except vascular tortuosity in OCTA. In the two eyes combined with lamellar hole, OCTA showed central cystic lesions without vasculatures, but no low flow signals within vasculatures in the deep retinal capillary plexus beyond the hole. These focal irregular, absent, or low flow signals within vasculatures in the deep retinal plexus improved 1 month after surgical removal of the ERM in one eye.

CONCLUSION:
Mechanical stress exerted from the ERM might affect deep retinal capillary flow more profoundly than the superficial capillary flow, which would account for the fluorescence changes seen in FA.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:404–409.]
Quantitative Assessment of Optic Nerve Changes in Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema Treated With Fluocinolone Acetonide Vitreous Implants
Authors: Parrish Richard K. , Traverso Carlo E. , Green Ken , Danis Ronald P. ,   FAME Study Group
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate glaucomatous changes in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with intravitreal implants releasing 0.2 µg/day or 0.5 µg/day fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) (Iluvien 0.2 µg/day; Alimera Sciences, Alpharetta, GA) or sham control.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Fundus photographs were assessed to determine clinically significant changes in glaucomatous indicators.

RESULTS:
The mean cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) change was similar with all three treatments. Compared with sham control, a significantly greater proportion of patients treated with 0.5 µg/day but not 0.2 µg/day FAc experienced a CDR increase of greater than 0.1. There was no significant increase in the proportion of patients experiencing a CDR increase of greater than 0.2 with either dose of implant versus sham control. Other indicators of glaucomatous change did not differ significantly with treatment. Subgroup analyses showed no differences in cupping based on ocular or baseline characteristics.

CONCLUSION:
Treatment with FAc for 36 months was not associated with significant glaucomatous optic nerve head changes in patients with DME with or without increased intraocular pressure.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:418–425.]
Characterization of Intraocular Pressure Increases and Management Strategies Following Treatment With Fluocinolone Acetonide Intravitreal Implants in the FAME Trials
Authors: Parrish Richard K. , Campochiaro Peter A. , Pearson P. Andrew , Green Ken , Traverso Carlo E. ,   FAME Study Group
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) management and outcomes among patients with diabetic macular edema who received fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implants versus sham-control treatment and explore the prior ocular steroid exposure impact on IOP outcomes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts or electronic VA testers. Goldmann applanation tonometry was used to measure IOP.

RESULTS:
Elevated IOP was more common in FAc-versus sham control-treated patients. Medication, and less often trabeculoplasty or surgery, was used to lower IOP without affecting VA outcomes. No patient treated with 0.2 µg/day FAc who received prior ocular steroid required IOP-lowering surgery.

CONCLUSION:
Elevated IOP may occur following FAc implant receipt; however, in the present study, it was manageable and did not impact vision outcomes. Patients previously treated with ocular steroid did not require IOP-lowering surgery following 0.2 µg/day FAc implant administration.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2016;47:426–435.]
Comparative Evaluation of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness After Conventional Brilliant Blue Assisted Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling Versus Brilliant Blue Selective Staining Using Whole Blood in Macular Hole Surgery
Authors: Arora Supriya , Goel Neha , Arora Tarun , Sharma Prateeksha , Raina Usha Kaul , Thakar Meenakshi , Ghosh Basudeb 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness after conventional brilliant blue (BB) assisted macular hole (MH) surgery versus BB selective staining using whole blood (WB) in MH surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Sixty eyes with stage 4 idiopathic MH with a clear media were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group A eyes underwent sequential intraoperative use of autologous heparinized WB followed by BB dye for staining internal limiting membrane, whereas eyes in group B were subjected to conventional BB staining. Clinical examination and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was done preoperatively and postoperatively up to 6 months.

RESULTS:

Mean global RNFL thickness and mean temporal RNFL thickness decreased in both groups postoperatively, but the reduction in RNFL thickness in group B was greater than group A at all postoperative visits (
P
< .05).

CONCLUSION:
BB toxicity may be responsible for reduction of RNFL thickness and WB appears to protect RNFL against dye toxicity.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:436–442.]
Choroidal Neovascularization Associated With Birdshot Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Shantha Jessica G. , Ho Vincent Y. , Patel Purnima , Forooghian Farzin , Yeh Steven 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR) may develop visual compromise due to choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and few series address management strategies in the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) era. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical outcomes of combination anti-VEGF and immunosuppressive therapy for CNV associated with BCR.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective, interventional case series. Patients with BCR from two tertiary uveitis and retina practices were reviewed. Patients with CNV in association with BCR were identified and reviewed in detail. Clinical features, treatments utilized (ie, anti-VEGF injections, immunosuppressive therapy), and functional and structural outcomes over long-term follow-up were recorded. Outcomes measured included Snellen visual acuity, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography macular thickness during treatment, number and type of anti-VEGF injections, the need for initiation or escalation of immunosuppression, and incidence of CNV in macula-involved versus macula-sparing BCR.

RESULTS:

Four of 36 BCR patients were diagnosed with choroidal neovascularization (11%). Identification of CNV in all patients prompted treatment with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections and an increase or initiation of local or systemic immunosuppression. Mean Snellen visual acuity improved from 20/60 to 20/30 at final follow-up (
P
= .02). Mean central subfield thickness improved from 443 μ to 254 μ (
P
= .04). CNV in association with BCR occurred at a rate of 0.11 events per patient-year (95% CI, 0.02–0.31) in macula-involved BCR versus zero events/patient-year in macula-spared BCR (95% CI, 0–0.058;
P
= .009).

CONCLUSION:
Anti-VEGF therapy was effective for the treatment of CNV in BCR patients. A combination of systemic or local immunosuppression and anti-VEGF therapy may be useful in the management of CNV associated with BCR.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:450–457.]
Factors Associated With Poor Response to Aflibercept After Switching From Ranibizumab or Bevacizumab in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Cheng Sarah , Leng Theodore 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to analyze demographic and ocular features of patients with age-related macular degeneration who failed aflibercept (Eylea; Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY) treatment after switching from ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) or bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective chart review of patients treated with aflibercept at the Byers Eye Institute from November 2011 to August 2014. Patient visual acuity was noted prior to aflibercept; after 1, 3, and 12 months; and on the most recent visit. Patients who improved vision after switching were compared to patients who lost vision. Demographic and imaging features were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics.

RESULTS:

Patients who lost vision had significantly higher BMI (
P
= .013, multivariate) and geographic atrophy (
P
= .0381, univariate;
P
= .1, multivariate) compared to patients who improved vision.

CONCLUSION:
BMI and geographic atrophy may be considered as potential indicators for poor response to aflibercept after switching from ranibizumab or bevacizumab.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2016;47:458–465.]
Jamie Caliri: pasión por contar historias
Authors: López Izquierdo M. Ángeles 
Published: May 2016

<p>La obra de Jamie Caliri destaca por su calidad y calidez. Es un director conocido principalmente por sus títulos de crédito y sus comerciales, por los que ha sido premiado con un Emmy y con tres premios Annie. El siguiente texto realiza un recorrido por toda su obra en la que se muestra la evolución en su trabajo y las principales característica.</p>
Animando los títulos cinematográficos: de los pioneros a Saul Bass
Authors: Blancas Álvarez Sara 
Published: May 2016

<p>La irrupción de Saul Bass en el diseño de secuencias de títulos de crédito en 1954 (Carmen Jones, Otto Preminger), y su dedicación a este ámbito hasta 1995 (Casino, Martín Scorsese), supuso una experimentación y renovación continua de la gráfica en movimiento. Durante este periodo Bass realizó el diseño de los títulos de crédito para cincuenta y tres películas, lo que le permitió explorar las diversas posibilidades expresivas que el medio fílmico le ofrecía: imagen de acción real y animación, imagen abstracta y figurativa, texto fijo y en movimiento. En cualquier caso sus propuestas siempre seguían su concepto de “idea simple”. El presente estudio realiza en primer lugar un recorrido desde los orígenes del cine, buscando la presencia de la animación en los títulos de crédito, y posteriormente se centra en las aportaciones realizadas por Saul Bass a través del uso de la animación.</p>
El camino de la coproducción en el largometraje de animación vasco
Authors: Junguitu Dronda Maitane 
Published: May 2016

<p>La animación en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca, aunque no ha gozado de demasiada atención en el ámbito académico e industrial, supone uno de los grandes exponentes cinematográficos del audiovisual en el territorio. Con 40 largometrajes estrenados entre 1985 y 2014, las colaboraciones empresariales han ido en aumento. En la primera década únicamente hay exponentes de producciones totalmente vascas. A partir de la segunda década, las coproducciones entre varias empresas vascas y otras españolas han ido en aumento, para llegar en los últimos años a realizar colaboraciones internacionales.</p><p>Al tiempo que la pluralidad del tipo de producciones iba en aumento, argumentalmente algunos films han seguido presentando ambientaciones locales que han mostrado mensajes universales. A esto también se le han sumado apuestas por géneros como el de terror. Técnicamente también se ha experimentado en la última década, con ejemplos de filmes realizados mediante Flash y stop-motion. Todas estas consideraciones se exponen en el presente artículo, donde el tipo de producción, argumentos y técnica se han puesto en contexto con el fin de identificar tendencias que se han podido dar en el sector en la última década.</p>