bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two contrasting mineral assemblages in the Meliata blueschists, Western
Carpathians, Slovakia
Authors: Faryad S. W. , Hoinkes G. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Low-grade metamorphic rocks from the Meliata unit (Western Carpathians) are
characterized by the presence of typical blueschist-facies minerals. In
metabasalt, an early low-pressure assemblage (<0.5 GPa at 350°C characterized
by muscovite and zoisite, is followed by high-pressure glaucophane, phengite,
Na-pyroxene, chlorite, clinozoisite and Al-poor titanite, indicating pressures of
>1.2 GPa at 450°C Na-pyroxene shows strong compositional variations between the
end-members Jd4–70, Aeg10–49 and
Q17–49, respectively. Phengite has high Si content of 3.5
a.p.f.u. The zoisite with Al2Fe
(100[Fetot/(−2+Altot+Fetot)])
= 3–5%, is rimmed by clinozoisite, with a maximum of 75%
Al2Fe, as well as being enclosed by glaucophane. The
occurrence of clinozoisite, rimming zoisite, suggests that the transformation of
orthorhombic to monoclinic epidote depends not only on the temperature but also on
the pressure. In the studied metabasalt, retrograde phases reflecting
greenschist-facies conditions are albite and chlorite. Some neighbouring
metabasites may additionally contain actinolite and biotite.
Aluminium mass transfer and diffusion in water at 400–550°C, 2 kbar in the
K2O–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O
system driven by a thermal gradient or by a variation of temperature with
time
Authors: Vidal O. , Durin L. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Tube-in-tube experiments involving a time-dependent variation of temperature
or a strong thermal gradient were conducted in order to decipher the transport and
transfer of Al in a closed medium along with dilute water. Results show that the
solubility and the transport of Al are controlled by the alkali availability.
Starting from a mixture of kyanite + quartz + muscovite at the hot end of a
thermal gradient, Al is transported toward the cold end in the form of a complex
with an Al/K stoichiometry close to unity. Since more Al than alkali are released
by the dissolution of muscovite, an Al-rich phase (kyanite) forms in the vicinity
of the starting minerals undergoing dissolution, although Al is mobile in the
system. Then, the variation of the solubility of the Al-K complex with temperature
leads to the formation of muscovite (+quartz) at the cold end of the thermal
gradient. A quantitative interpretation of the experimental results was carried
out using data from the literature on Al speciation in dilute water. Extrapolation
of the laboratory data to natural rocks suggests that the diffusion of Al is an
efficient transport process under medium-grade, low- to medium-pressure
conditions. Therefore, mass-transfer estimates based on mass-balance analyses
postulating a fixed Al reference frame should be considered with caution. Also the
high fluid to rock ratio calculated from the amount of aluminosilicates occurring
in veins of medium-grade metapelites is questionable because such calculations
neglect the importance of the transport of Al by diffusion.
Itoigawaite, a new mineral, the Sr analogue of lawsonite, in jadeitite from
the Itoigawa-Ohmi district, central Japan
Authors: Miyajima H. , Matsubara S. , Miyawaki R. , Ito K. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Itoigawaite,
SrAl2Si2O7(OH)2·H2O,
is a new member of the lawsonite group found in the Itoigawa-Ohmi district,
central Japan. It is orthorhombic, Cmcm,
a = 6.031(2), b =
8.945(2), c = 13.219(4) Å, Z = 4. The strongest lines
in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are 4.68 (s) (111), 4.26 (vs) (021), 3.31
(vs) (113), 2.75 (vs) (114, 202), 2.68 (vvs) (130), 2.63 (s) (131), 2.50 (s) (220,
203, 132), 2.45 (s) (221). Electron microprobe analysis gave
SiO2 32.98, TiO2 0.87,
Al2O3 27.67,
Fe2O3 0.39, MgO 0.27, CaO 0.45, SrO
27.71, H2O (diff.) 9.66, total 100.00 wt.%, corresponding to
(Sr0.97Ca0.03Mg0.02)Σ1.02
(Al1.97Ti0.04Fe0.02)Σ2.03Si1.99H3.89O10
on the basis of O = 10. It is transparent, blue in colour with vitreous lustre.
The streak is white and the cleavage good in one direction. The hardness is 5–5.5.
The calculated density is 3.3 g cm−3. It is colourless in
thin section and optically biaxial positive with α = 1.664 (2), β = 1.674 (2), γ =
1.688 (2) and 2V(calc.) = 81°. It occurs in a thin veinlet cutting a
lavender-coloured Ti-bearing jadeitite. The veinlet includes irregularly-shaped
aggregates composed of minute tabular crystals of itoigawaite up to 50 µm across
and minute jadeite crystals with interstitial natrolite aggregates. Itoigawaite is
considered to be crystallized from fluid during later stage activity of
high-P/T metamorphism. The name is for the
locality.
Highly heterogeneous nature of δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) deficiencies in ALAD porphyria
Authors: Maruno Motoyoshi , Furuyama Kazumichi , Akagi Reiko , Horie Yutaka , Meguro Kuniaki , Garbaczewski Luba , Chiorazzi Nicholas , Doss Manfred O. , Hassoun Alexandre , Mercelis Rudolf , Verstraeten Luc , Harper Pauline , Floderus Ylva , Thunell Stig , Sassa Shigeru 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe properties of 9 δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) mutants from patients with ALAD porphyria (ADP) were examined by bacterial expression of their complementary DNAs and by enzymologic and immunologic assays. ALADs were expressed as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins inEscherichia coli and purified by glutathione-affinity column chromatography. The GST-ALAD fusion proteins were recognized by anti-ALAD antibodies and were enzymatically active as ALAD. The enzymatic activities of 3 ALAD mutants, K59N, A274T, and V153M, were 69.9%, 19.3%, and 41.0% of that of the wild-type ALAD, respectively, whereas 6 mutants, G133R, K59N/G133R, F12L, R240W, V275M, and delTC, showed little activity (&lt; 8%). These variations generally reflect the phenotype of ALAD in vivo in patients with ADP and indicate that GST-ALAD fusion protein is indeed useful for predicting of the phenotype of ALAD mutants. The location of F12L mutation in the enzyme's molecular structure indicates that its disturbance of the quaternary contact of the ALAD dimer appears to have a significant influence on the enzymatic activity. Mouse monoclonal antibodies to human ALAD were developed that specifically recognized a carboxy terminal portion of ALAD, or other regions in the enzyme. This study represents the first complete analysis of 9 mutants of ALAD identified in ADP and indicates the highly heterogeneous nature of mutations in this disorder.
In vitro cytotoxic effects of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 in combination with commonly used antileukemic agents
Authors: Kano Yasuhiko , Akutsu Miyuki , Tsunoda Saburo , Mano Hiroyuki , Sato Yuko , Honma Yoshio , Furukawa Yusuke 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). STI571 is a novel anticancer agent that selectively inhibits the BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase. The cytotoxic effects of STI571 were studied in combination with antileukemic agents against Ph+leukemia cell lines, KU812, K-562, TCC-S, and TCC-Y. The cells were exposed to STI571 and to other agents simultaneously for 5 or 7 days. Cell growth inhibition was determined by MTT assay. The cytotoxic effects in combinations at the inhibitory concentration of 80% level were evaluated by the isobologram. STI571 produced synergistic effects with recombinant and natural α-interferons in 2 of 3 and 3 of 3 cell lines, respectively. STI571 produced additive effects with hydroxyurea, cytarabine, homoharringtonine, doxorubicin, and etoposide in all 4 cell lines. STI571 with 4-hydroperoxy-cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, or vincristine produced additive, antagonistic, and synergistic effects in 3 of 4 cell lines, respectively. These findings suggest that the simultaneous administration of STI571 with other agents except methotrexate would be advantageous for cytotoxic effects against Ph+ leukemias. Among them, the simultaneous administration of STI571 and α-interferons or vincristine would be highly effective against Ph+ leukemias and these combinations would be worthy of clinical trials. In contrast, the simultaneous administration of STI571 with methotrexate would have little therapeutic efficacy. Although there are gaps between in vitro studies and clinical trials, the present findings provide useful information for the establishment of clinical protocols involving STI571.
Competition between normal [674C] and mutant [674R]GPIIb subunits: role of the molecular chaperone BiP in the processing of GPIIb-IIIa complexes
Authors: Arias-Salgado Elena G. , Butta Nora , González-Manchón Consuelo , Larrucea Susana , Ayuso Matilde S. , Parrilla Roberto 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis work aimed at investigating the function of the [C674R] mutation in GPIIb that disrupts the intramolecular 674 to 687 disulfide bridge. Individuals heterozygous for this mutation show a platelet GPIIb-IIIa content approximately 30% of normal controls, which is less than expected from one normal functioning allele. Coexpression of normal [674C]GPIIb and mutant [674R]GPIIb with normal GPIIIa produced a [674R]GPIIb concentration-dependent inhibition of surface exposure of GPIIb-IIIa complexes in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, suggesting that [674R]GPIIb interferes with the association and/or intracellular trafficking of normal subunits. Mutation of either 674C or 687C had similar effects in reducing the surface exposure of GPIIb-IIIa. However, substitution of 674C for A produced a much lesser inhibition than R, suggesting that a positive-charged residue at that position renders a less efficient subunit conformation. The mutant [674R]GPIIb but not normal GPIIb was found associated with the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP in transiently transfected CHO cells. BiP was also found associated with [674R]GPIIb-IIIa heterodimers, but not with normal GPIIIa or normal heterodimers. Overexpression of BiP did not increase the surface exposure of [674R]GPIIb-IIIa complexes, indicating that its availability was not a limiting step. Platelets from the thrombasthenic patient expressing [674R]GPIIb-IIIa were found to bind soluble fibrinogen in response to physiologic agonists or dithiothreitol treatment. Thus, the [674R]GPIIb mutation leads to a retardation of the secretory pathway, most likely related to its binding to the molecular chaperone BiP, with the result of a defective number of functional GPIIb-IIIa receptors in the cell surface.
Regulation of tissue factor gene expression in obesity
Authors: Samad Fahumiya , Pandey Manjula , Loskutoff David J. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Altered expression of proteins of the fibrinolytic and coagulation cascades in obesity may contribute to the cardiovascular risk associated with this condition. In spite of this, the zymogenic nature of some of the molecules and the presence of variable amounts of activators, inhibitors, and cofactors that alter their activity have made it difficult to accurately monitor changes in the activities of these proteins in tissues where they are synthesized. Thus, as a first approach to determine whether tissue factor (TF) expression is altered in obesity, this study examined changes in TF mRNA in various tissues from lean and obese (ob/ob and db/db) mice. TF gene expression was elevated in the brain, lung, kidney, heart, liver, and adipose tissues of both ob/ob and db/db mice compared with their lean counterparts. In situ hybridization analysis indicated that TF mRNA was elevated in bronchial epithelial cells in the lung, in myocytes in the heart, and in adventitial cells lining the arteries including the aortic wall. Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and administration of insulin to lean mice induced TF mRNA in the kidney, brain, lung, and adipose tissue. These observations suggest that the hyperinsulinemia associated with insulin-resistant states, such as obesity and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, may induce local TF gene expression in multiple tissues. The elevated TF may contribute to the increased risk of atherothrombotic disease that accompanies these conditions.
The Mayo Lung Cohort: A Regression Analysis Focusing on Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality
Authors: Strauss Gary M. 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: The Mayo Lung Project has been interpreted as negative because it failed to demonstrate a significant mortality reduction among those randomized to chest x-ray and cytology. In contrast, survival suggests that screening is highly effective. This report was undertaken to analyze the trial as a closed cohort study, in an effort to identify predictors of lung cancer incidence and mortality, and to determine whether survival or mortality was unbiased. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Mayo Lung Cohort comprised all 9,192 randomized individuals. Cox proportional hazards regression was used both to determine predictors of incidence and mortality in the population and to identify predictors of mortality among cases. Survival analyses using intent-to-treat principles and measuring survival from randomization were used to evaluate length bias and lead-time bias. Multivariate Cox regression was used to investigate the extent to which the data are consistent with overdiagnosis. RESULTS: Cox regression demonstrates that, in addition to age and smoking, randomization to screening predicted increased lung cancer incidence (hazard ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.60). Predictors of mortality were similar, except randomization to screening was not significant (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.37). Among cases, survival was significantly superior in the experimental population. Higher incidence in the experimental group accounts for the mortality/survival discrepancy. Both lead-time and length biases can be excluded, because survival from randomization was superior in the experimental population. Overdiagnosis is eliminated because resection was the only significant multivariate predictor of survival. Overall, 50% of resected and 0% of unresected cases were cured. CONCLUSION: Survival was superior in the screened population, and this advantage was not attributable to lead-time bias, length bias, or overdiagnosis bias. Mortality was biased, because incidence differences confounded the ability of mortality to reflect the true effect of screening. Indeed, survival provided an unbiased surrogate for cure in the Mayo Lung Cohort.
Treatment of Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia With Rituximab
Authors: Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Zervas Constantinos , Zomas Athanassios , Kiamouris Christos , Viniou Nora A. , Grigoraki Vassiliki , Karkantaris Christos , Mitsouli Chrisanthi , Gika Dimitra , Christakis John , Anagnostopoulos Nikolaos 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM) is a low-grade lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma in which CD20 is usually expressed on tumor cells. There is evidence that patients with WM may benefit from treatment with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. We performed a prospective phase II study to clearly define the activity of rituximab in patients with this disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with WM were treated with rituximab 375 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) for 4 weeks. Three months after completion of rituximab, patients without evidence of progressive disease received repeat 4-week courses of this agent. All patients were symptomatic, their median age was 72 years, and 15 patients were previously untreated. RESULTS: Twelve patients (44%; 95% confidence interval, 25.5% to 64.7%) achieved a partial response after treatment with rituximab. Median time to response was 3.3 months (range, 2.2 to 7.1 months). Responses occurred in six (40%) of 15 previously untreated patients and in six (50%) of 12 pretreated patients. Patients with a serum immunoglobulin M less than 40 g/L had a significantly higher response rate. The median time to progression for all patients was 16 months, and with a median follow-up of 15.7 months, nine of 12 responding patients remain free of progression. Treatment with rituximab was well tolerated, with approximately one fourth of patients experiencing some mild form of infusion-related toxicity, usually fever and chills. CONCLUSION: Our prospective data indicate that rituximab is well tolerated and active in patients with WM. Previously untreated and pretreated patients seem to benefit equally. Repeat 4-week courses of rituximab may prolong the duration of response of the disease, but this observation requires confirmation in prospective, randomized trials. Furthermore, studies that will combine rituximab with chemotherapy may be relevant.
Global Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus aureus in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Elizalde-Jiménez Itzel Guadalupe , Ruiz-Hernández Fernando Gerardo , Carmona-Cruz Silvia Angélica , Pastrana-Arellano Elena , Aquino-Andrade Alejandra , Romo-González Carolina , Arias-de la Garza Eduardo , Álvarez-Villalobos Neri Alejandro , García-Romero Maria Teresa 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceIndividuals with atopic dermatitis are frequently colonized and infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Empirical antibiotic therapy for individuals with atopic dermatitis is common, but data about the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of S aureus strains isolated from these individuals are scarce for those living in particular geographic areas.ObjectiveTo determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of S aureus from individuals with atopic dermatitis and analyze differences according to the income level of the country of origin and the data collection period.Data SourcesA meta-analysis of the literature was performed from the inception of the included databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane) to June 20, 2023, using predetermined Medical Subject Headings.Study SelectionStudies were included if they reported antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 1 or more S aureus cutaneous isolates from individuals with atopic dermatitis. Articles written in English, Spanish, French, or German were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisWorking in pairs, 6 of the authors conducted the data extraction. The guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) were followed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcome of interest was antimicrobial susceptibility.ResultsA total of 61 studies reported 4091 S aureus isolates from individuals with atopic dermatitis. For 4 of the 11 commonly used antibiotics (36.4%), antimicrobial susceptibility was 85% or less, including for methicillin (binomial proportion, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.76-0.91]), erythromycin (binomial proportion, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.61-0.83]), fusidic acid (binomial proportion, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.62-0.91]), and clindamycin (binomial proportion, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.65-0.89]). Most studies (46; 75.4%) were conducted in high-income countries. Antimicrobial susceptibility to erythromycin, methicillin, and trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole was significantly lower in lower middle–income countries and upper middle–income countries. Regarding the temporal trends, 33 studies (54.1%) reported data collected from 1998 to 2010. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns have not changed over time.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, antimicrobial susceptibility of S aureus to β-lactams, erythromycin, clindamycin, and fusidic acid may be suboptimal for empirical use in individuals with atopic dermatitis. Significant differences in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were found in high-income countries and in lower middle–income countries and upper middle–income countries for some antibiotics.
Home sweet home: Evaluation of native versus exotic plants as resources for insects in urban green spaces
Authors: Lerch Doris , Blüthgen Nico , Mody Karsten 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Insect decline and loss of biodiversity not only affect large‐scale agricultural landscapes, but are increasingly recognized in urban environments. It is undisputed that a greater supply of flowers in urban green spaces can provide insects with more food and habitat. However, it is still controversial whether native wild plants or non‐native ornamental plants and varieties are the right choice.

To answer this question we investigated the number of insects interacting with different types of plants: twelve ornamental and six related wild perennials. In this context, the number of flower visitors per plant species and plot was recorded at 10‐minute observation intervals, as well as the feeding damage caused by insect herbivores on the leaves and stems of the study plants. We established 18 plant species in ten independent study plots in the city of Darmstadt, Germany. The plants were six native wild plant species, six ornamental plant species related to the wild plants from the same genus or family and six exotic ornamental plant species from other genera and families than the wild plants.

Native insects (wild bees, flies, beetles, wasps) that feed on pollen and nectar visited wild perennials significantly more often (67% of all visits) than related ornamental (24%) and unrelated exotic plants (9%). In contrast, honey bees (Apis mellifera) showed no preferences to any of the three target plant groups and interacted with other plant species than most of the native insects in our study according to analyses of interaction networks.

The assessment of leaf damage caused by insect herbivores on the individual plants confirmed a similar and significant difference in the insects' choices. Leaves from wild plants showed the highest herbivory (mean 2.3% of the leaf area), followed by related ornamental plants (0.8%), whereas unrelated exotic plants were hardly consumed (0.1%) by herbivores.

Practical implication. Our study shows that in urban green spaces, both flower‐visiting and leaf‐feeding insects are more likely to use native wild plants as a food source than closely related and exotic ornamental plants.
Does Cross‐Age Contact Reduce the Cross‐Age Deficit in Younger and Older Adult's Eyewitness Identification Performance?
Authors: Humphries Joyce E. , Havard Catriona , Breese Emily 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAge‐related differences in identification performance between younger (18–35 years) and older adults (62–68 years), alongside the cross‐age effect (CAE), where people recognise own‐age faces better than other‐age faces, were investigated. Self‐reported levels of other‐age contact and attitudes, participants' memory for the unbiased lineup instructions, and the confidence‐accuracy (C‐A) relationship were also examined. Participants (N = 154) viewed two filmed events: one with a young adult target and one with an older adult target. Older adults were less likely than younger adults to identify the perpetrator. Interestingly, the CAE, contact, attitudes, and choosing behaviours did not impact identification performance. Older adults experienced more difficulty remembering the pre‐lineup instructions than younger adults, but only after the first lineup. Confidence was predictive of accuracy for both age groups, but this relationship was differently influenced by the CAE. The findings provide further insights into the factors that may impact younger and older adults' identification performance.