bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Government education expenditures and economic growth: a meta-analysis
Authors: Awaworyi Churchill Sefa , Ugur Mehmet , Yew Siew Ling 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUsing a sample of 237 estimates drawn from 29 primary studies, we conduct a hierarchical meta-regression analysis that examines the association between economic growth and government expenditure on education. We find that the effect of government education expenditure on growth is positive for developed countries. However, when the evidence pertains to less developed countries (LDCs), we find a statistically insignificant association. We also examine the heterogeneity in empirical results and found that factors such as econometric specifications, publication characteristics as well as data characteristics explain the heterogeneity in the literature. We find no evidence of publication selectivity.
The Sexual Orientation Cases
Authors: Loveland Ian 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper assesses Scalia’s contribution to a series of cases, spanning much of his thirty years tenure on the court, which addressed issues relating to sexual orientation discrimination. The argument put forward is that these cases severely undermine any claim that Scalia might make to having been a distinguished judge in an intellectual or juridical sense. The pervasive theme of Scalia’s opinions in these matters is that of a constant failure to respect traditional tenets of legal reasoning and a compulsive inclination to engage in abusive castigation both of the litigants challenging the discriminatory laws and his judicial colleagues who did not agree with his viewpoint.
Recent Microextraction Techniques for Determination and Chemical Speciation of Selenium
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed S. A. , Al-Farawati Radwan , Hawas Usama , Shaban Yasser 
Published: June 2017

AbstractResearch designed to improve extraction has led to the development of microextraction techniques (ME), which involve simple, low cost, and effective preconcentrationof analytes in various matrices. This review is concerned with the principles and theoretical background of ME, as well as the development of applications for selenium analysis during the period from 2008 to 2016. Among all ME, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was found to be most favorable for selenium. On the other hand, atomic absorption spectrometry was the most frequently used instrumentation. Selenium ME have rarely been coupled to spectrophotometry and X-ray spectrophotometry methods, and there is no published application of ME with electrochemical techniques. We strongly support the idea of using a double preconcentration process, which consists of microextraction prior to preconcentration, followed by selenium determination using cathodic stripping voltammetry (ME-CSV). More attention should focus on the development of accurate, precise, and green methods for selenium analysis.
Approximation Properties of Ibragimov-Gadjiev-Durrmeyer Operators on Lp (ℝ+)
Authors: Ulusoy Gülsüm , Aral Ali 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We deal with the approximation properties of a new class of positive linear Durrmeyer type operators which offer a reconstruction of integral type operators including well known Durrmeyer operators. This reconstruction allows us to investigate approximation properties of the Durrmeyer operators at the same time. It is first shown that these operators are a positive approximation process in Lp(ℝ+) . While we are showing this property of the operators we consider the Ditzian-Totik modulus of smoothness and corresponding K-functional. Then, weighted norm convergence, whose proof is based on Korovkin type theorem on Lp(ℝ+), is given. At the end of the paper we show several examples of classical sequences that can be obtained from the Ibragimov-Gadjiev-Durrmeyer operators.
Customer engagement for evaluating customer relationships in hotel industry
Authors: Rather Raouf Ahmad , Sharma Jyoti 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Customer engagement can be used as a proxy in customer behaviour research for evaluating customer relationships towards a company and/or brand. Companies are increasingly recognizing the value of establishing close customer relationships. The objective of the research was to explore the associations among customer engagement dimensions and loyalty for evaluating customer relationships in hotel industry. Furthermore, the study evaluated the level and influence of new customers and repeat customer segments. The questionnaires were completed by 240 customers from five star hotels (30% customers) and four star hotels (70% customers) in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Descriptive, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and regression analysis were used to test the constructs. The results suggested that customer engagement (CE) makes a substantial contribution to the prediction of loyalty in building customer relationships. The findings proposed that hoteliers can actively incorporate strategies to enhance CE, which eventually develops a sustainable loyal customer relationship. The results could be effective to hoteliers in engaging customers while marketing, branding, differentiating and segmenting its products and services in building loyal customer relationships. Moreover, segmenting the customers offers a deeper and more inclusive knowledge of nature of customer relationships and how engagement can be fostered and developed among diverse customer segments.
Study on possibilities of expansion of Japanese-Type ecotourism – focusing on nature-based daytrip tourists to ecotourism regions in Nabari City
Authors: Kim Sangjun 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper is an expedition study analysing the features of trips of ‘nature-based tourists’ from amongst daytrip tourists in Japan with the aim of seeking for expansion possibilities of Japanese-type ecotourism. Approximately 400,000 people visit Nabari City in Mie Prefecture, the target destination in this paper, on an annual basis with the aim of enjoying the nature. Samples used for analysis in this paper have been collected from 437-day trip visitors from amongst 500 visitors to major sight-seeing spots of Nabari City from October to December 2014. It has been found through analysis that whilst nature-based daytrip visitors in Japan were satisfied with natural environments themselves, they were less satisfied with regards to activities and services during their trips. Cluster analyses for grasping tendencies per markets were performed and disclosed.
Comparison of the Temperature Conditions in the Transport of Perishable Foodstuff
Authors: Rovňaníková Dominika 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this article, the temperatures in transport of different types of perishable foodstuffs will be compared. The comparison will be made based on the evaluation of measurement data from the remote probe and compared with the temperature measured by a thermograph installed in the vehicle. The results will be compared with a tolerance listed in the individual regulations, laws and Agreement ATP (Agreement on the International Carriage of Perishable Foodstuffs and on the Special Equipment to be Used for such Carriage), which are further described in the first part of the article.
Food Insecurity and Health Outcomes
Authors: Gundersen Craig , Seligman Hilary K. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Food insecurity is increasingly recognized as a major health crisis in the U.S. More than 42 million persons were food insecure in 2015, far higher than the levels preceding the 2007 Great Recession. Decades of research demonstrate that food insecurity diminishes individuals’ overall well-being. The recognition of food insecurity as a health crisis, however, stems from a more recent appreciation of the multiple negative health outcomes and, thus, higher health care costs, attributable to food insecurity. An extensive literature from multiple fields, including agricultural economics, economics, medicine, and nutrition, has emerged in recognition of food insecurity as a health crisis. Among other findings, food insecurity among children is associated with increased risks of some birth defects, anemia, lower nutrient intakes, cognitive problems, and aggression and anxiety. Food insecurity is also associated with higher risks of being hospitalized, poorer general health, worse oral health and with having asthma, behavioral problems, depression, and suicidal ideation. For adults, studies have shown that food insecurity is associated with decreased nutrient intakes; increased rates of mental health problems (including depression), diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia; being in poor or fair health; and poor sleep outcomes. Food insecurity and poor health are likely linked bi-directionally; that is, it is true both that living in a food insecure household predisposes an individual to poor health, and that poor health predisposes one to living in a food insecure household. After describing how food insecurity is measured, we turn to the multiple causes of food insecurity and potential pathways through which food insecurity leads to these negative health outcomes. Finally, we describe two recently articulated interventions designed to address both food insecurity and its health impact. The first is a targeted increase in benefit levels for supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP, formerly known as the Food Stamp Program) enrollees and near eligible households, and the second provides tailored support for food insecure individuals with diabetes.
Mass outbreaks of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in the context of the controversies around the Białowieża Primeval Forest
Authors: Grodzki Wojciech 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) (Col.: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) outbreaks occur in managed and protected forests alike, but although known of for a long time, management and control of this insect is a controversial subject due to the forests’ diverse nature and protection status. In this paper, an overview of the bark beetle, conditions leading to outbreaks, natural enemies and the efficiency of control measures is presented and put into perspective with regards to the current controversies concerning outbreak management. The Białowieża Primeval Forest is central to this discussion, because the area remains divided into parts with different nature protection statuses. Ideas concerning the current but also future outbreak progress and possible issues with the management of natural resources in this area are presented.
The dolerite dyke swarm of Mongo, Guéra Massif (Chad, Central Africa): Geological setting, petrography and geochemistry
Authors: Nkouandou Oumarou Faarouk , Bardintzeff Jacques-Marie , Mahamat Oumar , Fagny Mefire Aminatou , Ganwa Alembert Alexandre 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDolerite dykes are widespread in the Mongo area within the granitic Guéra Massif (Chad, Central Africa). Dykes are several hundred metres to several kilometres long, a metre to decametre thick, and vertical, crosscutting the Pan-African granitic basement rocks. They are controlled by major Pan-African NNE-SSW, NE-SW and ENE-WSW faults. Rocks constituting the dykes exhibit typical doleritic textures (
3D density modelling of Gemeric granites of the Western Carpathians
Authors: Šefara Ján , Bielik Miroslav , Vozár Jozef , Katona Martin , Szalaiová Viktória , Vozárová Anna , Šimonová Barbora , Pánisová Jaroslava , Schmidt Sabine , Götze Hans-Jürgen 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The position of the Gemeric Superunit within the Western Carpathians is unique due to the occurrence of the Lower Palaeozoic basement rocks together with the autochthonous Upper Palaeozoic cover. The Gemeric granites play one of the most important roles in the framework of the tectonic evolution of this mountain range. They can be observed in several small intrusions outcropping in the western and south-eastern parts of the Gemeric Superunit. Moreover, these granites are particularly interesting in terms of their mineralogy, petrology and ages. The comprehensive geological and geophysical research of the Gemeric granites can help us to better understand structures and tectonic evolution of the Western Carpathians. Therefore, a new and original 3D density model of the Gemeric granites was created by using the interactive geophysical program IGMAS. The results show clearly that the Gemeric granites represent the most significant upper crustal anomalous low-density body in the structure of the Gemeric Superunit. Their average thickness varies in the range of 5–8 km. The upper boundary of the Gemeric granites is much more rugged in comparison with the lower boundary. There are areas, where the granite body outcrops and/or is very close to the surface and places in which its upper boundary is deeper (on average 1 km in the north and 4–5 km in the south). While the depth of the lower boundary varies from 5–7 km in the north to 9–10 km in the south. The northern boundary of the Gemeric granites along the tectonic contact with the Rakovec and Klátov Groups (North Gemeric Units) was interpreted as very steep (almost vertical). The results of the 3D modelling show that the whole structure of the Gemeric Unit, not only the Gemeric granite itself, has an Alpine north-vergent nappe structure. Also, the model suggests that the Silicicum–Turnaicum and Meliaticum nappe units have been overthrusted onto the Golčatov Group.
The Law Governing Cultural Heritage in Italy: Universal Values Versus National Cultural Identity
Authors: Casertano Letizia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTaking the move from the theories of cultural internationalism and nationalism, some problematic issues that hamper the creation of an effective, common legal regime of protection against illicit trafficking of cultural objects, are analysed in the light of UNESCO 70 and UNIDROIT 95 together with the case of Italy as a paradigmatic example. In this context, absent an effective common legal framework,
On the solvability of the antiperiodic boundary value problem for systems of linear generalized differential equations
Authors: Ashordia Malkhaz 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
An antiperiodic boundary value problem is considered for systems of linear generalized differential equations. A Green-type theorem on the unique solvability of the problem and representation of its solution are established. Effective necessary and sufficient conditions (of spectral type) are given for the unique solvability of the problem as well.
Synthesis of various β-D-glucopyranosyl and β-D-xylopyranosyl hydroxybenzoates and evaluation of their antioxidant activities
Authors: Shimotori Yasutaka , Hoshi Masayuki , Osawa Yosuke , Miyakoshi Tetsuo 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Various β-D-glucopyranosyl and β-D-xylopyranosyl hydroxybenzoates were efficiently prepared from 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide (TAGB) or 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-α-D-xylopyranosyl bromide (TAXB), respectively, by amine-promoted glycosylation. Regioselective deacetylation of the resulting acetylated β-D-gluco- and β-D-xylopyranosyl hydroxybenzoates was investigated using Novozym 435 as a lipase catalyst. In the case of β-D-glucopyranosyl hydroxybenzoates, Novozym 435-catalyzed deacetylation is regioselective at C-4 and C-6 positions. On the other hand, β-D-xylopyranosyl hydroxybenzoates are deacetylated only at the C-4 position. Antioxidant activities of free hydroxybenzoic acids and the respective β-D-gluco- and β-D-xylopyranosyl hydroxybenzoates were evaluated by DPPH˙ radical scavenging as well as their inhibitory effect on autoxidation of bulk methyl linoleate. The β-D-xylopyranosyl protocatechoate, as well as quercetin and α-tochopherol, show high antioxidant activity for the radical scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH˙). In bulk methyl linoleate, the antioxidant activities of β-D-gluco- and β-D-xylopyranosyl protocatechoates are higher than that of α-tocopherol.
Molecular characterization of Baylisascaris devosi Sprent, 1952 (Ascaridoidea, Nematoda) from Kamchatka sables
Authors: Tranbenkova Nina A. , Spiridonov Sergei E. 
Published: June 2017

Summary
The nematodes of the genus Baylisascaris are common intestinal parasites of sables (Martes (M.) zibellina kamtschadalica Birula, 1916) on the entire territory of Kamchatka peninsula. Partial sequences of Cox I mitochondrial gene were used for molecular characterization of these nematodes, which confirmed the identification based on morphological data as B. devosi Sprent, 1952. Phylogenetic relationships of this Baylisascaris species were also inferred from the ITS rDNA and LSU rDNA sequences. SEM images were provided for taxonomically important morphological features.
Transmission risk assessment of invasive fluke Fascioloides magna using GIS-modelling and multicriteria analysis methods
Authors: Juhásová L. , Králová-Hromadová I. , Zeleňáková M. , Blišťan P. , Bazsalovicsová E. 
Published: June 2017

Summary
The combination of multicriteria analysis (MCA), particularly analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and geographic information system (GIS) were applied for transmission risk assessment of Fascioloides magna (Trematoda; Fasciolidae) in south-western Slovakia. Based on the details on F. magna life cycle, the following risk factors (RF) of parasite transmission were determined: intermediate (RFIH) and final hosts (RFFH) (biological factors), annual precipitation (RFAP), land use (RFLU), flooded area (RFFA), and annual mean air temperature (RFAT) (environmental factors). Two types of risk analyses were modelled: (1) potential risk analysis was focused on the determination of the potential risk of parasite transmission into novel territories (data on F. magna occurrence were excluded); (2) actual risk analysis considered also the summary data on F. magna occurrence in the model region (risk factor parasite occurrence RFPO included in the analysis). The results of the potential risk analysis provided novel distribution pattern and revealed new geographical area as the potential risk zone of F. magna occurrence. Although the actual risk analysis revealed all four risk zones of F. magna transmission (acceptable, moderate, undesirable and unacceptable), its outputs were significantly affected by the data on parasite occurrence what reduced the informative value of the actual transmission risk assessment.
Refrigerator Optimal Scheduling to Minimise the Cost of Operation
Authors: Bálint Roland , Magyar Attila 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The cost optimal scheduling of a household refrigerator is presented in this work. The fundamental approach is the model predictive control methodology applied to the piecewise affine model of the refrigerator.
The optimisation could not be solved using off-the-shelf tools, e.g. Multi-Parametric Toolbox, so a binary treebased optimal scheduling algorithm has been developed for this problem.
Beyond obesity – thermogenic adipocytes and cardiometabolic health
Authors: Aldiss Peter , Dellschaft Neele , Sacks Harold , Budge Helen , Symonds Michael E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe global prevalence of obesity and related cardiometabolic disease continues to increase through the 21st century. Whilst multi-factorial, obesity is ultimately caused by chronic caloric excess. However, despite numerous interventions focussing on reducing caloric intake these either fail or only elicit short-term changes in body mass. There is now a focus on increasing energy expenditure instead which has stemmed from the recent ‘re-discovery’ of cold-activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans and inducible ‘beige’ adipocytes. Through the unique mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), these thermogenic adipocytes are capable of combusting large amounts of chemical energy as heat and in animal models can prevent obesity and cardiometabolic disease. At present, human data does not point to a role for thermogenic adipocytes in regulating body weight or fat mass but points to a pivotal role in regulating metabolic health by improving insulin resistance as well as glucose and lipid homeostasis. This review will therefore focus on the metabolic benefits of BAT activation and the mechanisms and signalling pathways by which these could occur including improvements in insulin signalling in peripheral tissues, systemic lipid and cholesterol metabolism and cardiac and vascular function.
Formation of Nano-porous Structure in a Cathode at the Interface between Pt Electrode and YSZ during CO2 Electrolysis at 1,000 °C
Authors: Kashiwaya Yoshiaki , Nomura Takahiro , Shiomi Yohei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe electrolysis of CO2 was investigated using a simple Pt/YSZ/Pt cell (yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)). The cell performance increased drastically after applying the overvoltage of 4.0 V for ~5 min. The current density increased 30 times at 1.4 V and 11 times at 2.0 V. Using a laser microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), the structural changes of the surface of the Pt electrode and the interface between the YSZ and Pt electrode were investigated to understand the reaction mechanism at the cathode for increasing the cell performance. The results showed that the Pt electrode surface became smooth after the experiment. Moreover, the interface between YSZ and the Pt cathode greatly changed after the electrolysis experiment, while that of the anode showed only a minor change. The structure of the cathode interface consisted of a 1-μm-thick nano-porous Pt layer and a micro-porous structure comprising YSZ and Pt. These structures are involved in CO2 electrolysis. Possible elementary reactions are also presented in this paper.
Editorial. The Role of Autophagy in Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Cheng Jun , Quan Min , Wu Liang , Wang Qi 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects ≈2% of the world’s population. HCV infection not only causes acute and chronic hepatitis, but also leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The molecular pathogenesis of HCV infection has been explored and many evidence indicated that autophagy is an important process for its life cycle, although autophagy was thought as a mechanism to eliminate invaded HCV from hepatocyte. Structural and non-structural proteins of HCV are important regulators of autophagy, and HCV uses autophagy as a necessary step in its replication. Down-regulation of innate immune response by HCV through unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy induction was used as a pathway to establish chronic HCV infection in the liver. Meanwhile, the infected hepatocyte is also using autophagy mechanism to eradicate HCV virus from liver. The study on relationship between HCV and autophagy will pave the new way to understand HCV life cycle and to find new strategy for prevention and treatment of liver diseases caused by HCV infection.