bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subclinical hypothyroidism in paediatric population treated with levothyroxine: a real-world study on 2001–2014 Italian administrative data
Authors: Greggio Nella Augusta , Rossi Elisa , Calabria Silvia , Meneghin Alice , Gutierrez de Rubalcava Joaquin , Piccinni Carlo , Pedrini Antonella 
Published: June 2017

Objective
To estimate the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) among children, by using levothyroxine low dosage as disease proxy, and to describe prescription pattern.

Design
An historical cohort study was performed through administrative databases of 12 Italian Local Health Units covering 3,079,141 inhabitants. A cohort of children (aged 0–13 years) was selected in the period 2001–2014. A subgroup of new users (aged 0–9 years) was identified and followed up for 5 years.

Methods
The prevalence was provided as mean value of the whole period, as annual trend, by patient gender and age. Demographic details, information on levothyroxine dosage, comorbidities and co-medications were provided. Therapy duration and medication persistence were evaluated among new users.

Results
644 children treated with levothyroxine low dosage was selected, with a mean annual prevalence of 0.20 per 1000 children. The temporal trend of prevalence was stable, with a slight reduction in the 2005–2008. Prevalence by age showed an increase after 10 years. Patients were treated with an average annual dose of 4290 µg/year and 66.9% of children were affected by comorbidities. Among 197 new users, 62.9% received therapy only for one year, whereas out of those treated two or more years, 89.0% resulted persistent to the therapy.

Conclusions
This study provides real-world epidemiology of SH among children, and it depicts the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of these subjects. Its findings showed that the SH treatment of this disorder was widely variable, also due to lack of evidence concerning paediatric population.
ANÁLISIS ARANCELARIO DE PRODUCTOS SENSIBLES DE COSTA RICA EN LA NEGOCIACIÓN DE ACUERDOS COMERCIALES PREFERENCIALES
Authors: Wong-Chan Susana , Salas-Chaverri Duayner 
Published: June 2017

La reducción arancelaria ha sido el motivo principal para la negociación de acuerdos comerciales preferenciales, los que en la actualidad han tenido un incremento considerable. Siendo que las tendencias mundiales en aranceles aplicados tienden a la baja, los países aún conservan productos sensibles que no son objetivos de liberalización. Costa Rica no ha escapado de esta lógica, al poseer numerosos acuerdos comerciales a la vez que excluye ciertos productos del trato preferencial. El presente artículo, en primera instancia, valida tendencias mundiales en la negociación de acuerdos comerciales con las tendencias de Costa Rica. En segundo lugar, compara los aranceles consolidados y los aranceles aplicados en Costa Rica, determinando patrones entre sus brechas. Por último, identifica variables para la determinación de productos sensibles y analiza estos productos sensibles con respecto al tratamiento dentro de los distintos acuerdos comerciales firmados por Costa Rica.
Reducing Unnecessary Imaging for Patients With Constipation in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Ferguson Catherine Craun , Gray Matthew P. , Diaz Melissa , Boyd Kevin P. 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVES:
Constipation is a common diagnosis in the pediatric emergency department (ED). Children diagnosed with constipation may undergo an abdominal radiograph (AXR) as part of their diagnostic workup despite studies that suggest that an AXR in a patient suspected of being constipated is unnecessary and potentially misleading. We aimed to decrease the percentage of low-acuity patients aged between 6 months and 18 years diagnosed with constipation who undergo an AXR in our pediatric ED from 60% to 20% over 12 months.

METHODS:
We conducted an interventional improvement project at a large, urban pediatric ED by using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s Model for Improvement. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients ultimately diagnosed with constipation who had an AXR during their ED visit. Analysis was performed by using rational subgrouping and stratification on statistical process control (SPC) charts.

RESULTS:
Process analysis was performed by using a cause-and-effect diagram. Four plan-do-study-act cycles were completed over 9 months. Interventions included holding Grand Rounds on constipation, sharing best practices, metrics reporting, and academic detailing. Rational subgrouping and stratification on SPC charts were used to target the interventions to different ED provider groups. Over 12 months, we observed a significant and sustained decrease from a mean rate of 62% to a mean rate of 24% in the utilization of AXRs in the ED for patients with constipation.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of rational subgrouping and stratification on SPC charts to study different ED provider groups resulted in a substantial and sustained reduction in the rate of AXRs for constipation.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI EFEKTIVITAS PELATIHAN PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA (Studi Kasus di Wilayah Kerja Balai Diklat Perikanan Banyuwangi)
Authors: Madyunin Madyunin 
Published: June 2017

Untuk mengejar ketertinggalan teknologi budidaya perikanan yang dialami oleh pembudidaya ikan saat ini, salah satu solusi yang dapat dilakukan yaitu melalui pelatihan perikanan budidaya. Penelitian analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pelatihan budidaya perikanan ini bertujuan untuk mengukur hubungan kausalitas dari faktor sarana pelatihan, kualitas peserta pelatihan, ketepatan metode pelatihan, kualitas bahan ajar, dan faktor kualitas pelatih terhadap efektivitas pelatihan budidaya perikanan. Obyek penelitian ini yaitu purnawidya pelatihan budidaya perikanan yang dilatih di Balai Diklat Perikanan Banyuwangi, yang tersebar di tiga provinsi, sebanyak 105 orang. Data dianalisis dengan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Hasil penelitian mengemukakan bahwa faktor sarana pelatihan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap efektivitas pelatihan budidaya perikanan dan efektivitas pelatihan budidaya perikanan terhadap efisiensi kinerja pembudidaya ikan berpengaruh positif signifikan. Selanjutnya diperoleh hasil bahwa faktor kualitas peserta pelatihan , kualitas isi bahan ajar, ketepatan metode pelatihan dan kualitas pelatih tidak signifikan terhadap efektivitas pelatihan yang dilakukan. Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan bahwa Balai Diklat Perikanan Banyuwangi perlu pembenahan terhadap kriteria calon peserta pelatihan, kualitas bahan pembelajaran, peningkatan kualitas pelatih Title: Analysis of Factors Affecting Effectiveness of Aquaculture Training (Case Study on the Fisheries Training Center of Banyuwangi)One of the solutions to pursue the lack of the aquaculture technology is providing a training program for fish farmer.This research was used using the Analysis of factors affecting the training effectiveness. Objective of the research were to measure the causality relations of the training equipment factor, the quality of the participants and the material, the provision of the training methods, and the quality of the trainers toward the effectiveness of training program. Object of the research was the Purnawidya of aquaculture training in the Banyuwangi Training Center which spread out in 3 provinces with over 105 participated. Data were analyzed by using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results shows that equipments have a positive significant impact toward the effectiveness of the training and the efficiency of the aquaculture performance. The quality of the training and the material, the methods, and the quality of the trainers not significant impacted the of effectiveness of the training program. The result recommends the Banyuwangi Training Center need to improve the criteria for selecting the participants, the quality of the materials, and to improve the quality of the trainers
TRABALHO E TRABALHO DOCENTE: A PERCEPÇÃO DE DOCENTES DA ÁREA DE FORMAÇÃO GERAL
Authors: O da Silva Karla Katiele , Querioz Karla da Silva , Medeiros Sônia Maria Dantas 
Published: June 2017

O presente artigo representa um extrato de uma pesquisa, intitulada Licenciados, bacharéis e a formação para atuar na Educação Profissional Tecnológica, desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Profissional (PPGEP), do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN). Objetivamos neste trabalho analisar a percepção acerca do conceito de trabalho e trabalho docente de professores que lecionam disciplinas de formação geral em três instituições privadas de ensino profissional do município de Natal. O aporte teórico está abalizado nas concepções de ANTUNES(2008); BRAVERMAN (2011); FRIGOTTO(2012); LIBÂNEO(2001); MARX(1996); MÉSZÁROS (2005); MOURA (2014); PEREIRA(2004); dentre outros. A metodologia adotada para a coleta dos dados foi a entrevista estruturada e a leitura dos dados foi realizada tendo como referencial a análise de conteúdo ancorada na visão de BARDIN (2011). Como resultados parciais, observou-se que os docentes pesquisados dispõem de conhecimentos sobre trabalho e trabalho docente, tendo em vista que identificam diferenças entre ambos. Porém, é relevante mencionar que essa visão não se baseia na criticidade que há nessa divisão entre os dois tipos de trabalho, quando esse aspecto seria relevante para a sua prática profissional
VARIOUS ASPECTS OF INTELLIGENT COLLABORATIVE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Katalnikova Sabina , Novickis Leonids 
Published: June 2017

In connection with the transition to a knowledge-based economy, at a time when a key factor in the development of society is the accumulated human knowledge and skills, as well as the availability of a wide range of users, intelligent systems are becoming very popular. Accordingly, the demand of the ergonomic and effective means of designing this class system is growing as well. The most time-consuming and most important stage of intelligent system development is the formation of the system knowledge base which ultimately determines the efficiency and quality of the entire intelligent system. Knowledge representation and processing models and methods as well as the intelligent system development techniques operating on the basis of these methods and models have a crucial role in relation to this.
The article explores the different aspects of intelligent collaborative educational systems, describes the overall structure of an intelligent collaborative educational system and reflects the different steps of development the system.
FORMING AND OVERLAPPING MICRORELIEFS IN SLIDING CONTACT SIMULATION MODEL
Authors: Ilyin Alexander , Plokhov Igor , Savraev Igor , Kozyreva Oksana , Kotkov Nikita 
Published: June 2017

Sliding contacts are widely used in electrical machines despite the trend towards non-contact methods of the electrical current transfer. In some cases, using of brush-contact devices is indispensable due to low cost and continuity of operations. One of methods to improve reliability of sliding contact is simulation modeling. This approach can significantly reduce the amount of expensive practical experiments in the study of different contact pairs characteristics.
The paper introduces and describes a few new algorithms for simulation model of sliding contact which allow to improve precision and take into account more physical processes occurring in contact transient layer.
THE IMPACT OF HARVESTER CALIBRATION ON THE ACCURACY OF BIRCH VENEER LOGS MEASUREMENTS BY MEASURING DIAMETER IN SHORT INTERVALS USING ELECTRONIC 3D SYSTEMS
Authors: Miklašēvičs Ziedonis 
Published: June 2017

Accurate calibration of the harvester head relies on accurate manual log measurements. According to the recommended calibration procedures as proposed by the harvester manufacturer the differences between the volume measurements from harvester measurement system and the caliper-and-tape system must be within ± 3% and harvester diameter measurements within ± 6mm of manual measurements in 80% cases.
Requirements in Latvia stipulate that total volume measurement accuracy levels must be within ± 5% of actual volume if veneer or birch logs are being harvested, ± 3% if saw logs are being harvested and ± 10% if pulp wood or fire wood are being harvested.
The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of harvester calibration on the accuracy of birch veneer logs measurements by Measuring Diameter in Short Intervals using electronic 3D systems when different double bark volume determination algorithm are used in harvester and stacionar measurement system. The research was carried out in December 2016 in the region Latgale in Latvia. The wood felling area was chosen - Mercurialiosa mel. For volume estimation the sequent measurement equipment were applied: harvester Ponsse ERGO 8W, harvester information system Opti 4G and electronic 3D scanner system Elmes 3600.
The research is a continuation to the work done in the project „Harmonisation of piece-by-piece measurement methods of roundwood approved by Standard LVS 82:2003 „Apaļo kokmateriālu uzmērīšana” [6], the project “Harmonization of piece-by-piece measurement methods in all stages of roundwood manufacturing processes” [7] and the project "Investigation and evaluation of the methodology of determination of solid volume according to the stacked volume on roadside and in forwarder loads for logistics purposes in LATVIA" [8].
Por uma educação latino-americana em direitos humanos: pensamento jurídico crítico contra-hegemônico
Authors: Wolkmer Antonio Carlos , Lippstein Daniela 
Published: June 2017

O objetivo deste texto é buscar compreender os Direitos Humanos a partir de uma perspectiva crítica libertadora com base nas raízes da identidade latino-americana. A discussão justifica-se pela importância de se trazer a luz do debate jurídico crítico discursos hegemônicos de colonização travestidos como direitos humanos universais que tem legitimado práticas de dominação e negação do outro. Será adotado no desenvolvimento do trabalho um aporte metodológico indutivo que parte das premissas particulares acerca de elementos essenciais da cultura latino-americana para propor um sistema participativo e contextualizado de direitos humanos. Já quanto ao procedimento da pesquisa será adotado abordagem de teor sociológico, compreendendo que o direito é um fenômeno sócio-cultural e por essa razão busca-se o pensamento crítico latino-americano para a proposição de uma conjuntura de direitos humanos libertadora. Conclui-se com o presente estudo de que é necessário um resgate e desenvolvimento de um pensamento jurídico crítico para constituir uma educação latino-americana de direitos humanos que vise a emancipação e real efetividade dos direitos humanos superando discursos hegemônicos dominantes.
Using Double-Contrast CT Arthrography to Confirm Suspected Dissociation of a Cemented Polyethylene Liner in the Setting of Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Chauhan Aakash , Fitzpatrick Sean , Sciulli Robert L. , Sotereanos Nicholas G. , Sewecke Jeffrey J. 
Published: June 2017

Case:
A 67-year-old woman who underwent a re-revision of a total hip arthroplasty with a cemented polyethylene liner fell 14 months after surgery. The patient had symptoms of pain and weakness; however, clinical, laboratory, and radiographic evaluation did not disclose fracture, infection, osteolysis, or component migration. Liner dissociation was suspected, and a double-contrast computed tomography (CT) arthrogram confirmed failure at the cement-liner interface. She underwent additional revision surgery and was doing well at the 3-year follow-up.

Conclusion:
Double-contrast CT arthrography confirmed failure at the cement-liner interface and is an effective diagnostic tool in identifying suspected dissociations of cemented polyethylene liners.
A Short Femoral Stem in Revision Total Hip Replacement: An Alternative Solution for Prosthetic Fracture
Authors: Lee Paul Y.F. , Woodnutt David J. , Golding David M. 
Published: June 2017

Case:
A 65-year-old farmer re-presented 5 years after sustaining a midshaft prosthetic fracture of a previous long-stem revision hip replacement. He was treated with a proximal-loading short femoral stem, and did not require an extended trochanteric osteotomy for removal of the well-fixed distal implant. He was able to fully bear weight immediately postoperatively, and he remained pain-free without functional loss at the 42-month follow-up.

Conclusion:
This use of a modern short-stem prosthesis is a treatment option for a potentially complex prosthetic fracture in highly active patients, and it reduces intraoperative complexity.
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of a Middle-Third Clavicle Fracture with a Superior Plate
Authors: Cole Peter A. , Dyskin Evgeny , Dugarte Anthony J. , Hesse Daniel 
Published: June 2017

Open reduction and internal fixation has become a reliable technique to treat complex middle-third clavicle fractures (AO/OTA B-15). Nonoperative treatment of these fractures may result in higher rates of symptomatic malunion, nonunion, dissatisfaction with cosmetic appearance, and even dysfunction and muscular weakness. Risk factors such as substantial displacement or comminution, far lateral fractures, fractures in the elderly, open fractures, or those occurring in polytrauma scenarios are appropriate indications for surgery.
The aim of the procedure is to reconstitute the initial curvature and length of the clavicle, restore a normal connection from the arm to the axial skeleton, and provide stable fixation of the proximal and distal fragments, to allow an immediate full range of motion during rehabilitation.
The procedure includes the following steps.

Step 1: Place the patient in a beach-chair, semi-sitting position.Step 2: Make a transverse skin incision along the anteroinferior aspect of the clavicle.Step 3: Expose the fracture site, identify and prepare the fragments unless they are comminuted, and preserve soft-tissue attachments to the extent possible.Step 4: Reduce the fragments by direct or indirect manipulation, and maintain the reduction with clamps, Kirschner wires, or mini-fragment plates. Consider bridging comminuted zones to allow secondary fracture-healing.Step 5: Apply a contoured plate to the superior or anterior surface of the clavicle, and obtain at least 6 cortices of fixation on each side with strategic nonlocking and locking screws. The working length of the plate is more important than the number of screws or cortices.Step 6: Obtain a single intraoperative anteroposterior radiograph of the clavicle.Step 7: Separately close the wound in layers (deltotrapezial fascia, platysma, and skin). Apply sterile dressings and a sling.

The patient is discharged home on the same day if the injury is isolated, and a full range of motion of the affected shoulder is allowed immediately. The patient is expected to regain full function and strength of the arm once healing occurs.
High-Temperature Fracturing Fluid Based on Nanofiltered Seawater
Authors: BinGhanim Ahmed , Al-Hussain Ali Musa , Karadkar Prasad , Al-Ohaly Maryam , Biyani Mahesh , Cortez Janette , Bataweel Mohammed , Chen Tao , Rahal Raed 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
One of the most serious oilfield problems is scale deposition, particularly when two incompatible waters are involved. The control of scale deposition in high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) wells has been challenging because most scale inhibitors lose effectiveness at high temperatures as a result of molecular instability. Hence, in the context of adapting to the continuous challenges of the oil and gas industry, along with the need to preserve freshwater resources in the Middle East, an in-depth study of the scaling results of mixing fracturing fluid developed using nanofiltered (NF) seawater with formation water containing high total dissolved solids (TDS) under HP/HT conditions is discussed.
A series of dynamic experiments was performed using a DSR-6000 dynamic scale loop at 330°F and 3,000 psi. Additionally, static experiments were conducted at room temperature and 330°F for 2 and 24 hours, respectively. For both dynamic and static tests, two mixing ratios were tested: 80:20 and 50:50 mixtures of NF seawater:formation brine. The 80:20 mixing ratio represents the worst-case scenario according to scale advisor software results. Moreover, regained core permeability at 300 and 330°F and retained proppant pack conductivity tests were also performed.
Results demonstrated that, for dynamic scale loop testing, the lowest concentration of scale inhibitor tested (250 ppm) achieved the passing criteria along with all higher concentrations for both mixing ratios. The static tests were also successful, with no precipitation formed. Regained core permeability was in the range of 77 to 89%. Finally, retained proppant pack conductivity result of 56% indicated good cleanup properties for NF seawater.
Predictive Fracture Modeling: Example Fields From Saudi Arabia
Authors: Thagafy Marwan , Subaie Abdullah , Ozkaya Sait 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This brief study was initiated to evaluate predictive fracture modeling based on structural geology and geomechanics. The trials with two fields show encouraging results. In strike-slip enviroments, superposition of local stresses cause by structural deformation and the regional Paleo-stresses assisted to predict the strike and risk zones for fold-related fractures successfully.
The main challenge is estimation of paleo-stress orientation and magnitudes. For this is necessary to have at least one field in a region with actual fracture measurements and models from borehole image logs and production data. The predicted fracture models for different paleo-stress orientation and direction are calibrated to the actual observed fracture models to estimate the prevailing Paleo-stress at the time of deformation.
For structures which are composite product of multiple pulses of deformation, it is possible to predict fracturing at each phase by using the isochore maps and the latest phase by using the structural grids of the youngest deformed horizon. This requires a detailed tectonic evolution of the structure which must always be the first step in predictive fracture modeling. An understanding of the nature of structure, tectonic regimes that prevailed and timing and origin of tectonic pulses and folding in relation to the regional faulting are essential for predictive fracture modeling.
Predicted risk zones are not only useful in developing new fields for planning but also in mature fields with a descriptive fracture model. Often, the descriptive fracture model displays only what has been intersected in well bores and the fracture model may not capture the essence of fracturing tendencies, and miss risk zones completely. Predicted modeling accompanied with an understanding of the tectonic evolution and structural geology may add invaluable insight and support to descriptive fracture modeling.