bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANKLE BIOMECHANICS AND JUMP PERFORMANCE IN HEALTHY AND CHRONIC ANKLE INSTABILITY INDIVIDUALS DURING LANDING: A TRIPLE BLIND RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL OF ANKLE TAPING EFFICACY
Authors: Jun Hyung-pil , Chun Young-min , Kim Jin-ah , Baker Russell , Seegmiller Jeff , Lee Sae Yong 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundClinicians regularly utilize ankle taping procedures to prevent ankle sprains during practice/competition. Though many different ankle taping applications are employed, the effect of these on biomechanics and performance is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate changes in ankle biomechanics during landing and jump performance with ankle taping.DesignTriple-blind randomized.SettingUniversity laboratory.ParticipantsTwenty-eight participants (14 healthy, 14 with chronic ankle instability [CAI]).InterventionsEach participant was assigned to a randomized order of three taping applications (1: Traditional Taping [TT], 2: Mulligan Concept Taping [MT], and 3: Kinesiology Taping [KT]) and performed maximum vertical jump and running-stop jump-landings (3 before and 3 after) each ankle taping application. An eight infrared optical cameras system (Vicon Motion Systems Ltd. Oxford, UK) and force plate (AMTI, Watertown, MA) were used to collect all kinematics and kinetics data during running-stop jump-landing.Main Outcome MeasurementsMaximum height of vertical jump and excursion of dorsiflexion (DF) and inversion (IV) of the ankle between 100 ms before and after initial contact (IC).ResultsA statistically significant difference for the main effects of tape application [F(2,26)=0.06,p=0.94,M±SD:0.82±12.55(TT), 1.29±8.64 (MT), 0.42±10.31 (MT);F(2,26)=0.58,p=0.46,M±SD:0.58±1.38(TT), 0.67±0.65(MT), 0.48±0.97(MT)] and interactions [F(2,26)=0.89,p=0.51;F(2,26)=0.46,p=0.41] on changes of DF and IV were not found regardless of tape application. For MVJ, a statistically significant change across tape application was not found [F(2,26)=0.65,p=0.49]; however, a statistically significant interaction on MVJ was found in the CAI group with KT application[F(2,26)=3.50,p=0.04,M±SD:0.30±0.69 [Healthy]; −0.36±0.88 [CAI]).ConclusionsThe use of tape did not have any significant impact on ankle biomechanics during landing. Using KT produced a significant change in MVJ in participants with CAI, but the improvement is unlikely to be clinically meaningful. The use of these taping methods to improve ankle biomechanics or improve jump performance in healthy athletes, or those with CAI, is questionable.
BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-LEG SQUAT WITH ISOKINETIC AND CONSTANT RESISTIVE FORCE USING CONTROLLABLE EXERCISE EQUIPMENT
Authors: Kimura Yoshinori , Koyanagi Maki , Koyanagi Ken'ichi , Mukai Kouichi , Nakae Naruhiko , Tanaka Noriko , Sakai Takahiro , Tada Shuhei , Satoda Yumiko , Kondou Sayaka , Inoue Akio 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundWe have reported that a resistive single-leg squat (RSLS) exercise using exercise equipment that generates various resistance forces was effective for increasing the load on the gluteus medius and preventing knee valgus moment. However, the biomechanical characteristics of RSLS with each resistance forces have not been compared.ObjectiveTo compare difference of the biomechanical characteristics of RSLS between isokinetic resistance force (IF) and constant resistance force (CF).DesignQuasi-experimental.SettingControlled laboratory setting.ParticipantsSix asymptomatic female college students.InterventionsParticipants performed RSLS with IF and CF. A motion capture system and force plate were used for motion analysis. Surface electrodes recorded the EMG activity of the muscles of the support leg.Main Outcome MeasurementsJoint moment of the support leg were calculated from 20° to 60° of knee flexion at 10° intervals. EMG data were normalized as a percentage of maximum voluntary contraction.ResultsIn both the tasks, external knee valgus moment was prevented. Peak internal hip abduction moment was larger in IF (2.3±0.4 Nm/kg) than in CF (1.91±0.3 Nm/kg). Internal hip abduction moment was significantly larger in CF (1.4±0.2 Nm/kg) than in IF (1.1±0.3 Nm/kg) at 20° knee flexion, but larger in IF than in CF at 50° and 60° knee flexion. No significant difference in internal hip abduction moment was found at 30° and 40° knee flexion. EMG activities were significantly larger in IF (rectus femoris, 56±16%; vastus medialis, 85±38%; gluteus medius, 85±17%) than in CF (rectus femoris, 34±10%; vastus medialis, 48±23%; gluteus medius, 59±12%).Conclusion:IF was more useful for augmenting the activity of major muscles in the support leg and internal hip abduction moment at large knee flexion angles, whereas CF was more useful for augmenting internal hip abduction moment at small knee flexion angles, where ACL injury frequently occurs.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF POLICY CHANGE ON PHYSICAL CONTACTS IN YOUTH ICE HOCKEY USING VIDEO ANALYSIS
Authors: Krolikowski Maciej , Hagel Brent , Nadeau Luc , Palacios-Derflingher Luz , Emery Carolyn 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundPolicy disallowing body checking in youth ice hockey significantly reduces the risk of injury and concussion. Based on video analysis, frequency and intensity of player to player physical contacts (PCs) are higher in Pee Wee players (ages 11–12) in leagues allowing body checking, however this has not been examined in Bantam leagues (ages 13–14).ObjectiveTo determine the association between body checking policy and the frequency and intensity of physical contacts in Bantam ice hockey players (ages 13–14).DesignCohort study.SettingIce hockey arenas.ParticipantsThirteen non-elite (lowest 60% by division of play) Bantam ice hockey games in Calgary, Alberta, Canada (2014–15 season) and 13 non-elite games in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (2014–15 season) were videotaped.InterventionPolicy allowed body checking in Calgary and not Vancouver in the non-elite levels (2014–15).Main Outcome MeasurementsIncidence rate ratios [IRRs] (adjusted for player position) were estimated using multiple Poisson regression to examine the effect of body checking policy on player-to-player PCs [levels 1–5 with increasing intensity (levels correspond to 4–5 body checking)] and hooking/slashing behaviours.ResultsLower rates of higher intensity contacts (levels 4–5 body checking) were observed in Bantam ice hockey players in a league where body checking was disallowed [IRR=0.09; 95% CI: 0.05–0.15]. Players in a league where body checking was disallowed, however, had significantly higher rates of hooking and slashing behaviours [IRR=1.81; 95% CI: 1.33–2.47].ConclusionsBantam ice hockey players in a league where policy disallowed body checking are at a lower risk of high intensity physical contacts, but commit higher rates of hooking and slashing behaviours. This research informs the mechanisms explaining injury risk reduction related to body checking policy change and have important national public health implications for policy decisions related to rule enforcement in youth sport.
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INJURY AND ILLNESS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM IN PARALYMPIC ATHLETES (ISSPA) – A STUDY IN GERMAN PARACYCLING ATHLETES
Authors: Kubosch Eva Johanna , Fassbender Katharina , Steffen Kathrin , Südkamp Nobert , Hirschmüller Anja 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundDespite the increasing training and competition load of disabled athletes, a standardised monitoring system of their injuries and illnesses is sparse.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was the implementation of a standardised, weekly recording of all injuries and illnesses in the cohort of the German paracycling national team.Design/SettingThe athletes were monitored over a 24-week period from October 2015 till March 2016 using a validated weekly online questionnaire (Clarsenet al. 2014). All musculoskeletal complaints and illnesses, restrictions in training and therapeutic measures were documented.Participants24 out of 26 athletes of the German paracycling national team were included in this study after informed consent.Main Outcome MeasurementsThis longitudinal study recorded all injuries and illnesses in the German paracycling national team over a 24 week period. All medical problems (illnesses, acute and overuse injuries), limitation of performance and loss of training-days were documented.ResultsThe average response rate was 93%. A total of 57 health problems were registered during 24 weeks, including 30 illnesses and 27 injuries. The most frequent diagnoses were injuries of the shoulder, the wrist or the knee joint, urinary tract infections in wheelchair athletes and infections of the respiratory system. Overall, 140 lost training-days because of injury (27 d) or illness (111 d) were reported.ConclusionsAn injury and illness surveillance system in the German paracycling national team for a continued, systematic documentation of medical problems during the non-competition period could be successfully been implemented. The athletes were very satisfied and showed a high acceptance of the project. By identifying mechanisms of injury and associated risk factors in disabled athletes, sports-specific injury and illness prevention programs can be implemented.
MEASURES OF LIMB SYMMETRY USED FOR INJURY RISK IDENTIFICATION: WHAT IS NORMAL?
Authors: Lawrance Scott , Killian Clyde , Rundquist Peter , Jenkins Walter 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundLimb asymmetries have been identified as a significant predictor of injury risk. However, the natural boundaries of variation in a non-injured population using clinically relevant and reliable measures has not been determined.ObjectiveTo assess clinical measures of limb symmetry and determine the natural boundaries of symmetry present in a non-injured population.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingControlled laboratory research.Participants39 non-injured participants, 12 male, 27 female (23.2±2.9 years, 170.2±9.1 cm, 68.4±15.6 kg).Assessment of Risk FactorsKnee PROM, effusion, endfeel, knee extension, flexion, and hip abduction strength, dynamic balance, single leg hop, and IKDC Subjective rating were measured.Main Outcome MeasurementsIn measures demonstrating excellent reliability (ICC≥0.75, Kappa≥0.81), limb symmetry index (LSI) and variability scores were calculated.ResultsAll clinical measures, except hip abduction strength, demonstrated excellent reliability. Knee extension PROM was 6.0±5.0°, flexion PROM was 154.0±5.0°. 100% of participants had normal knee extension endfeel, and no knee effusion. 95% had normal flexion endfeel. LSI scores for each measure ranged between 96.6–100.0%. Using minimal detectable change (MDC) scores for each measure, boundaries of limb symmetry were calculated for knee extension PROM (100±1.0°), knee flexion PROM (100±4°), knee extension strength (100±21.0%), knee flexion strength (100±24.0%), dynamic balance (100±6.0%), single leg hop (100±9.1%), and IKDC Subjective rating (100±3.3%).ConclusionsMost measures of limb symmetry used in the study demonstrated appropriate reliability for clinical use. Although strength measures had high degrees of limb symmetry, there was significant variability present in non-injured participants. Conversely, high levels of limb symmetry with very little variation were observed in knee PROM, dynamic balance, single leg hop, and IKDC Subjective measures. Strength may not be the best measure of limb symmetry while PROM, dynamic balance, single leg hop, and the IKDC Subjective form appear to have more utility to identify limb asymmetries.
THE HEAD COACH INFLUENCE IN INJURIES FREQUENCY IN ELITE WOMEN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Leite Marcela , Bittencourt Natália , Melato Bruna , Bernardone Guilherme , Ribeiro Tatiana , Veloso Leonardo 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundElite female volleyball players have a high risk for shoulder, knee and ankle injuries. The head coach approach is crucial to prevent injuries.ObjectiveTo compare the frequency of complaints and time loss injuries during two elite volleyball seasons with different head coaches, the second having more expertise in elite female volleyball players than the first.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingMinas Tênis Club elite female volleyball team.Patients (or Participants)One team, consisting of 15 players in the first season (age 25.4 yrs (SD±5.4); body mass 72.7 kg (±3.1); height 182.0 cm (±0.1) and 16 players in the second season (age 23.5 yrs (±4.7); body mass 74.4 kg (±9.7); height 182.0 cm (±6.6) were followed up.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)The same physiotherapist conducted the data collection during two seasons. The injury definition was time loss from full participation in sports, and a complaint was any symptoms that need physical therapy intervention and/or modifying training load. The complaints/injuries were categorized as acute or chronic.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe frequency of complaints and time-loss injuries during two seasons of follow up.ResultsThe total number of complaints/injuries was 33 in the first season and 41 in the second season, with an annual average of 2.5 complaints/injuries per athlete in the first season and 2.9 in the second. In the first season, 58% of complaints/ injuries resulted in time loss, while in the next season only 34% did. The number of complaints/injuries increased, but there was a 40% reduction in time-loss injuries. Another important factor was the reduction in 33% of chronic cases.ConclusionsThe physiotherapy interventions were the same during the two seasons, but the head coach expertise may have influenced the rate of time-loss injuries, resulting in more athletes being available for practices and games.
INJURY AND ILLNESS SURVEILLANCE DURING THE INTERNATIONAL SAILING FEDERATION SAILING WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS 2014
Authors: Leong Darren , Tan Ben , Pardal Carmen Vaz , Lin Cindy , Kam Jia Wen 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe International Sailing Federation (ISAF) World Championships brings together eilite sailors in all 10 Olympic classes. There is increasing interest in the injury and illness patterns of sailors during a major competition, especially in the newer Olympic classes (49erFX, 49er, Nacra 17).ObjectiveTo describe the incidence, pattern, and severity of sailing-related injuries and illnesses among competitive sailors during the International Sailing Federation Sailing World Championships 2014.DesignProspective descriptive study using the International Olympic Committee injury surveillance system reporting forms. Team officials and medical centre doctors submitted daily surveillance reports.SettingThe International Sailing Federation Sailing World Championships, 8–21 September 2014, Santander, Spain.Patients (or Participants)All participating sailors in the International Sailing Federation Sailing World Championships 2014.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Gender, position (helm, crew), sailing class, training volume, part of boat contributing to injury, actions performed during sailing; wind and water conditions during competition.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe occurrence or non-occurrence of sailing-related injuries and illnesses; the number of injuries; the site, type, cause/mechanism of injury; injury severity; and contributing factors to injury.ResultsThere were 67 injuries (4 per 1000 days of sailing). The 49er (24% of all injuries), 470 Men and Women (24%), and 49erFX (19%) had the highest incidence. Injuries to the hand/fingers (22% of all injuries), back (18%), and foot (12%) were most common, as were contusions (37% of all injuries), cuts/lacerations (24%), and sprains (9%). Of the 29 illnesses (2 per 100 days of sailing), 9 (31%) were gastrointestinal and 6 (21%) respiratory, while 2 (7%) were gout attacks.ConclusionsThe newer Olympic classes account for a large proportion of injuries during competition. These injuries were mainly acute events, occurring more on competitions days with higher wind speeds and gusts.
ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS INVOLVED WITH CONTACT AND NON-CONTACT INJURIES IN US RUGBY-7S
Authors: Lopez Victor , Ma Richard , Weinstein Meryle , Hume Patria , Cantu Robert , Victoria Christian , Haleem Samuel , Delallo Jessica , Answorth Allen 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundRugby-7s is growing in popularity, however there is a comparative lack of injury data.ObjectiveTo report incidence of contact and non-contact causes of US Rugby-7s injuries.DesignProspective descriptive epidemiology study.SettingThe study encompassed U19 to elite players in USA Rugby tournaments (2010–2014).ParticipantsA total of 24,418 US players (Men=17,770; Women=6.768; age: 13–49 years) were included over 57 tournaments (72 days) of 4,448 matches (Men=3,238; Women=1,261) in 2,038 teams (Men=1,474; Women=564).Assessment of Risk FactorsContact and non-contact causes of match injuries.Main measurement outcomeInjury incidence (per 1000 player-hour (ph)) and mechanism, captured using Rugby Injury Survey & Evaluation (RISE) Report. Time-loss injuries=players who did not return to play the day of their injury. Medical attention injuries=players who had injuries evaluated with no absence from play. Severity=days absent before return to training/competition (including post tournament).ResultsContact injuries (54%; n=823) occurred more often than non-contact (46%; n=697) (P<0.001). Medical attention injuries occurred more often (contact=30.4/1000 ph; non-contact=29.2/1000 ph; P<0.001), than time-loss injuries (contact=23.8/1000 ph; non-contact=16.7/1000 ph; P<0.001). Non-contact causes encountered no differences (men=48.1/1000 ph; women=46.95/1000 ph; P=0.621). Non-contact causes occurred in 20–25 year olds at 54% (n=354). Days absent were frequent among 63% with follow-up data (contact=34 days; CI: 26.5–41.3; non-contact=32 days; CI: 26.6–39.3). New acute match injuries (94%) were most common (contact 57%; non-contact 43%; P<0.001) with tackles (contact=77%; non-contact=52%), followed by open play (non-contact=32%). Ligament injuries were most common among causes (non-contact =23%; contact=30%). Similar rates among non-contact causes were found with field types (grass=46.1/1000 ph; artificial=52.4/1000 ph; P=0.467).ConclusionsDue to the frequency of contact injuries, tackling techniques must be evaluated as an area for injury prevention in Rugby 7s. The cause of non-contact injuries with increased open-play needs attention for injury prevention and management.
CONCUSSIVE INJURIES IN AN AMATEUR EMERGING US COLLISION SPORT: RUGBY-7S
Authors: Lopez Victor , Ma Richard , Weinstein Meryle , Hume Patria , Cantu Robert , Myers Laurel , Victoria Christian , Nadkar Nisha , Answorth Allen 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundRugby-7s an emerging sport in the United States (US) encounters concussions, a growing public concern.ObjectiveTo report incidence of concussions in US Rugby-7s. We hypothesized that concussive injuries would occur with frequency in US Rugby-7s similar to international cohorts.DesignProspective descriptive epidemiology study.SettingThe study encompassed U19 to elite players in USA Rugby tournaments (2010–2013).ParticipantsA total of 13,644 US players (Men=9,768; Women=3,876; age: 13–49 years) were included over 28 tournaments of 2,688 matches (Men=1,886; Women=802) in 1,137 sides/teams (Men=814; Women=323).Assessment of Risk FactorsIntrinsic and extrinsic risk factors in match injuries.Main measurement outcomeIncidence (per 1000 player-hour (ph)) and mechanism, captured using Rugby Injury Survey & Evaluation (RISE) Report methodology. Time-loss injuries=defined as players who did not return to play the day of their injury. Severity=defined as days absent before return to training/competition (including post tournament).ResultsIncidence of concussive injuries was 7.7/1000 ph. No difference was noted between women (8.1/1000 ph, n=21) or men (7.6/1000 ph, n=46;P=0.593). Most concussions had “no loss of consciousness” (86.6%; n=58). Higher levels of competition encountered greater incidence (18.3/1000 ph vs. 6.4/1000 ph; P=0.001). Concussions resulted in a mean 30.6 days absent from competition (range=0–135 days) for the 97% of players with follow-up data. Compliance with the 3-wk stand-down return-to-play recommendations was found at 60%. Players reported a repeat concussion at 43.2% (12 months). Players who had multiple concussions within a year, encountered more severity (42.8 mean days absent; CI=23.0–62.6; P=0.03).ConclusionsThe 7.7/1000 ph incidence of concussion among US amateur Rugby-7s is concerning given international incidences range from 2.0 to 8.3/1000 ph. The 40% of players non-compliant with the recommended 3-week stand-down regulation indicates that a formal mechanism to “clear” players for return to play is needed for Rugby-7s.
WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR INJURY TO SKIERS AND SNOWBOARDERS IN TERRAIN PARKS AND WHICH STRATEGIES ARE EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING THE RISK OF INJURY? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Audet Olivier , Mitra Tatum Priyambada , Emery Carolyn A. , Hagel Brent E. , Macpherson Alison , Goulet Claude 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe prevalence of terrain parks (TPs) in ski areas has grown over the past two decades. TPs are specific areas of the slopes where terrain is modified to accommodate acrobatic maneuvers. There is evidence that TP injuries are more severe than injuries sustained on regular slopes. However, injury prevention strategies in TPs still need to be explored.ObjectiveTo identify the risk factors for skiing and snowboarding injuries in TPs and assess the effectiveness of injury prevention strategies.Participants/populationRecreational skiing or snowboarding injuries in a TP.MethodsSearches in electronic literature databases and hand-searches in Skiing Trauma volumes and bibliographies were performed. A search strategy involving a combination of Subject Headings and keywords and related synonyms using OR, with the Boolean operator AND was performed. Reviewers independently performed an initial screen of all titles and published abstracts for inclusion criteria to determine full text required. Criteria were (1) original data; (2) injury sustained in terrain parks/half-pipes; (3) recreational ski or snowboard injury; (4) study design with comparison group. Authors reviewed included papers and extracted data into structured tables.ResultsThe search strategy identified 62 relevant studies. Only 11 studies met inclusion criteria including one intervention study. Results suggest that removing man-made jumps reduces the risk of severe injury. According to preliminary results, type of slope, age, gender, and skill level are common risk factors. Critical appraisal of articles is in process. An overview suggests that risk factors studies in this area (n=10) are heterogeneous. With primarily cross-sectional and case-control study designs, the risk of associated bias is significant.ConclusionsOne intervention study suggests that removing man-made jumps from TPs reduces the risk of severe injuries. Further research is needed to better understand injury prevention strategies that are effective in reducing the risk of injury in TPs.