bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveying Climate Services: What Can We Learn from a Bird’s-Eye View?
Authors: Vaughan Catherine , Dessai Suraje , Hewitt Chris 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBilled as the creation and provision of timely, tailored information for decision-making at all levels of society, climate services have garnered a great deal of attention in recent years. Despite this growing attention, strategies to design, diagnose, and evaluate climate services remain relatively ad hoc—and while a general sense of what constitutes “good practice” in climate service provision is developing in some areas, and with respect to certain aspects of service provision, a great deal about the effective implementation of such service remains unknown. This article reviews a sample of more than 100 climate service activities as a means to generate a snapshot of the state of the field in 2012. It is found that a “typical climate service” at this time was provided by a national meteorological service operating on a national scale to provide seasonal climate information to agricultural decision-makers online. The analysis shows that the field of climate services is still emerging—marked by contested definitions, an emphasis on capacity development, uneven progress toward coproduction, uncertain funding streams, and a lack of evaluation activities—and stands as a signpost against which the development of the field can be measured. The article also reflects on the relative contribution of this sort of sampling activity in informing “good practice” and offers suggestions for how both sampling and case study efforts can be better designed to increase the potential for learning. This article concludes with some observations on the relative contribution that broad-based analyses can play in informing this emerging field.
Respiratory-digestive tract fistula: two-center retrospective observational study
Authors: Sersar Sameh I , Maghrabi Lamees A 
Published: February 2018

Background Aerodigestive fistulae can be defined as abnormal communications between the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory tract. Choking after meals, coughing, feeding difficulties, tachycardia, and persistent pneumonia are the main presentations. The aim of our study was to review our experience in the management of 27 cases of acquired aerodigestive fistulae of different types, levels, and management. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study on 27 cases of fistulae between the respiratory and digestive tracts, which were managed in 2 hospitals in Saudi Arabia in the last 5 years. The patients comprised 16 females and 11 males, with a mean age of 29 years (range 17–67 years). Results The most common aerodigestive tract fistula was tracheoesophageal in 8 patients, followed by esophagobronchial in 6, and esophagopleural in 5. Four postendoscopic fistulae were included. The least common were gastropleural and esophagopulmonary fistulae. The most common etiologies were iatrogenic and esophageal cancer, and the least common was blunt chest trauma. The main presentations were fever, chocking after or during meals, and tachycardia. We used various modalities of treatment: conservative, cervical repair, thoracoabdominal repair, hybrid insertion of a T-tube, endoscopic esophageal stenting, and endoscopic clipping of the fistulous tract. During follow-up, 6 patients died due to advanced esophageal cancer in 5 and upper airway obstruction after iatrogenic tracheobronchial fistula in one. Conclusion Acquired aerodigestive fistula is a devastating condition that should be managed early and aggressively by a multidisciplinary team.
Sleep Pattern and Predictors of Sleep Disturbance Among Family Caregivers of Terminal Ill Patients With Cancer in Taiwan: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lee Kwo-Chen , Hsieh Ya-Ling , Lin Pi-Chu , Lin Yun-Ping 
Published: February 2018

Background: Sleep disturbance commonly has a negative impact on the well-being of family caregivers (FCs) of terminally ill patients with cancer. The effect of sleep disturbance on FCs has not been explored through long-term follow-up studies in Taiwan. Objective: The purposes of this study were to (1) identify the trajectory of sleep quality of FCs of terminally ill patients with cancer in Taiwan and (2) examine the determinants of sleep disturbance through a longitudinal follow-up until patient death. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted among 95 FCs of terminally ill patients with cancer. The FCs’ sleep quality was measured subjectively by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and objectively by wearing a wrist actigraphy for 48 hours each month during the 6-month follow-up assessments. The trajectory and determinants of sleep quality were identified using a generalized estimation equation approach. Results: The FCs’ sleep quality significantly decreased as the patient’s death approached. Family caregivers who were women or older, had a relative with a longer survival period after diagnosis, reported higher levels of depression and fatigue, and provided lower levels of assistance to their relatives experienced more sleep disturbance. Conclusion: The sleep quality of Taiwanese FCs significantly deteriorated as the death of the terminally ill patients with cancer approached. Early detection of the FCs’ sleep disturbance, increasing their self-awareness of sleep problems, and providing nonpharmacological interventions and psychosocial support may be helpful for FCs to improve their quantity and quality of sleep.
Strong associations of nine-point body condition scoring with survival and lifespan in cats
Authors: Teng Kendy T , McGreevy Paul D , Toribio Jenny-Ann LML , Raubenheimer David , Kendall Kim , Dhand Navneet K 
Published: February 2018

Objectives The objective of the study was to investigate the associations of a nine-point body condition score (BCS) with survival time and lifespan in cats. Methods Electronic patient records from a cat-dominant primary practice in metropolitan Sydney, Australia, where the body condition of cats was regularly recorded using a nine-point BCS scale were obtained. The maximum BCS of each cat during the visits was used as the primary exposure variable. Two survival analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations of BCS with cats’ survival and lifespan. Results In total, 2609 cats met the selection criteria from 4020 cats screened. The median of the maximum BCS was 6 (interquartile range [IQR] 5–7). Compared with cats with a maximum BCS of 6, increased hazards of death were observed in cats with a maximum BCS of 3 (hazard ratio [HR] 4.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.00–7.27), 4 (HR 2.61, 95% CI 1.95–3.49), 5 (HR 1.43, 95% CI 11.5–1.76) and 9 (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.11–2.93). Median lifespan was 15.8 (IQR 13.5–17.6) years. Compared with cats reaching a maximum BCS of 6 in the same age group, cats reaching a maximum BCS of 4 (HR 4.15, 95% CI 1.26–13.67) or 5 (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.07–2.85) between age 1 and 3 years, and a maximum BCS of 3 (HR 6.09, 95% CI 1.47–25.25) and 9 (HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.27–4.04) between the age of 3 and 11 years had shorter lifespans. Conclusions and relevance There are significant associations of nine-point body condition scoring with survival and lifespan, and BCSs <5 and of 9 were found to be negatively associated with both. The study yielded information regarding a desirable BCS for cat longevity that veterinarians could consult with.
The contribution of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure to pediatric multiple sclerosis risk
Authors: Lavery Amy M , Collins Bradley N , Waldman Amy T , Hart Chantelle N , Bar-Or Amit , Marrie Ruth Ann , Arnold Douglas , O’Mahony Julia , Banwell Brenda 
Published: February 2018

Background: Pediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADSs) are monophasic (mono-ADS) in 70% of cases and represent the first attack of multiple sclerosis (MS) in 30%. Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure has been implicated as a risk factor for adult-onset MS. Little is known about whether SHS presents an additive risk beyond genetic factors and other environmental exposures associated with pediatric MS. Methods: This study examined SHS exposure in 216 children with mono-ADS and 81 children with MS. Interactions between SHS, HLA-DRB1*15 alleles, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and serological evidence of remote Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) exposure were evaluated. Results: SHS exposure was more common in children with MS (37% exposed) compared to mono-ADS (29.5% exposed). Compared to mono-ADS, SHS exposure was not an independent risk factor for MS. When both SHS exposure and HLA-DRB1*15 were present, the odds for MS increased (odds ratio (OR) = 3.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17–11.9) compared to mono-ADS. Interactions between SHS and vitamin D or EBV did not associate with MS. Conclusion: Exposure to SHS is a risk factor for central nervous system (CNS) demyelination. Results suggest that SHS exposure and HLA-DRB1*15 interact to increase risk for MS in children diagnosed with mono-ADS.
An Analysis of Diabetes Mobile Applications Features Compared to AADE7™: Addressing Self-Management Behaviors in People With Diabetes
Authors: Ye Qing , Khan Uzma , Boren Suzanne A. , Simoes Eduardo J. , Kim Min Soon 
Published: February 2018

Background: Diabetes self-management (DSM) applications (apps) have been designed to improve knowledge of diabetes and self-management behaviors. However, few studies have systematically examined if diabetes apps followed the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) Self-Care Behaviors™ guidelines. The purpose of this study was to compare the features of current DSM apps to the AADE7™ guidelines. Methods: In two major app stores (iTunes and Google Play), we used three search terms “diabetes,” “blood sugar,” and “glucose” to capture a wide range of diabetes apps. Apps were excluded based on five exclusion criteria. A multidisciplinary team analyzed and classified the features of each app based on the AADE7™. We conducted interviews with six diabetes physicians and educators for their opinions on the distribution of the features of DSM apps. Results: Out of 1050 apps retrieved, 173 apps were identified as eligible during November 2015 and 137 apps during December 2017. We found an unbalanced DSM app development trend based on AADE7™ guidelines. Many apps were designed to support the behaviors of Healthy Eating (77%), Monitoring (76%), Taking Medication (58%), and Being Active (45%). On the other hand, few apps explored the behaviors of Problem Solving (31%), Healthy Coping (10%), and Reducing Risks (5%). From interviews, we identified the main reasons why only a few apps support the features related to Problem Solving, Healthy Coping, and Reducing Risks. Conclusions: Future diabetes apps should attempt to incorporate features under evidence-based guidelines such as AADE7™ to better support the self-management behavior changes of people with diabetes.
Video-ethnography of social media apps’ connection cues in public settings
Authors: Figeac Julien , Chaulet Johann 
Published: February 2018

This paper aims to analyze the uses of mobile social network services (mSNS) during daily commutes on the basis of a video ethnography conducted with 35 users of the Facebook app. This method is based on the combination of context-oriented recordings made with user-worn camera glasses and mobile screen video capture. These data reveal the way smartphone usage patterns tend to be organized according to notification functions (mSNS, SMS), a specific set of technical cues that mediatize social demand and promote social connectedness. Users manage these cues through a recurrent trend composed of a three-step sequence: they often start by using applications displaying notifications; they favor those that display social demands; and, among them, they prioritize these relational solicitations in accordance with social status or types of relationships. By examining the distribution of users’ attention between urban environments and smartphone applications, this video-ethnography also highlights how these “checking habits” are organized according to a set of spatial cues and some daily commute characteristics, such as visual coordination with passengers in public transport. These technical cues mediatize a growing number of social demands that encourage users to keep their eyes focused on their smartphone’s screen in public spaces. We argue that these technical cues create a temporary bubble effect and social isolation at a proximal scale, which mostly operate at the beginning of smartphone usage patterns.
A scoping review of deictic gesture use in toddlers with or at-risk for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Manwaring Stacy S , Stevens Ashley L , Mowdood Alfred , Lackey Mellanye 
Published: February 2018

Background and aims Young children use deictic gestures, such as pointing, to indicate referents in their immediate environment. Early deictic gesture use is important in facilitating the development of language. In toddlers with or at-risk for autism spectrum disorder, the emergence and use of gestures may be delayed, and deficits in deictic gesture may inform clinical practice regarding early identification, differential diagnosis, and early intervention. The aim of this scoping review was to investigate the extent to which deictic gesture use has been examined in young children with or at-risk for autism spectrum disorder ≤ 36 months of age. Methods Four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ERIC) were comprehensively searched for relevant articles. Articles were reviewed in two phases: titles and abstracts followed by full text. Key variables related to participant/study characteristics and group differences on deictic gesture use were extracted. A narrative review was used to synthesize findings across studies. Main contribution Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria – 12 studies of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder and 7 studies of high-risk infant siblings of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Overall, toddlers with autism spectrum disorder were found to demonstrate reduced gesture use across deictic gesture types and ages compared to those with typical development. Findings were more variable when comparing toddlers with autism spectrum disorder to those with other developmental delays and in high-risk infant sibling studies. Although only measured in a limited number of studies, results suggest differences in gesture use in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder based on communicative function. Conclusions This review provides insight into the gesture use of toddlers with or at-risk for autism spectrum disorder. Results indicate the particular types of deictic gestures that may be delayed and the age ranges we might expect to observe these deficits in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder compared to those with typical development and other developmental delay groups. Results also reveal variability across studies in the measurement of gestures, and highlight where gaps remain in understanding deictic gesture use in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Implications Findings have research and clinical implications related to profiling and targeting gesture use as part of the assessment and treatment process, including identifying patterns of strength and weakness in deictic gesture use of young children with or at-risk for autism spectrum disorder.
α1-Antitrypsin infusion for treatment of steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Magenau John M. , Goldstein Steven C. , Peltier Dan , Soiffer Robert J. , Braun Thomas , Pawarode Attaphol , Riwes Mary M. , Kennel Maggi , Antin Joseph H. , Cutler Corey S. , Ho Vincent T. , Alyea Edwin P. , Parkin Brian L. , Yanik Gregory A. , Choi Sung Won , Lewis Eli C. , Dinarello Charles A. , Koreth John , Reddy Pavan 
Published: February 2018

Key PointsAAT infusion produced a high proportion of durable clinical responses in SR-aGVHD. AAT is associated with minimal toxicity and low rates of infection in patients with SR-aGVHD at significant risk for mortality.
HO-1hi patrolling monocytes protect against vaso-occlusion in sickle cell disease
Authors: Liu Yunfeng , Jing Fangmiao , Yi Woelsung , Mendelson Avital , Shi Patricia , Walsh Ronald , Friedman David F. , Minniti Caterina , Manwani Deepa , Chou Stella T. , Yazdanbakhsh Karina 
Published: February 2018

Key PointsSCD patients with a recent VOC episode have lower frequencies and numbers of HO-1hi patrolling monocytes. Heme-driven SCD vaso-occlusion is exacerbated in mice lacking patrolling monocytes and reversed following patrolling monocyte transfer.
Impact of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Pak Oleg , Scheibe Susan , Esfandiary Azadeh , Gierhardt Mareike , Sydykov Akylbek , Logan Angela , Fysikopoulos Athanasios , Veit Florian , Hecker Matthias , Kroschel Florian , Quanz Karin , Erb Alexandra , Schäfer Katharina , Fassbinder Mirja , Alebrahimdehkordi Nasim , Ghofrani Hossein A. , Schermuly Ralph T. , Brandes Ralf P. , Seeger Werner , Murphy Michael P. , Weissmann Norbert , Sommer Natascha 
Published: February 2018

Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide, have been suggested to mediate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular remodelling.We determined ROS in acute and chronic hypoxia, and investigated the effect of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ under these conditions.The effect of MitoQ or its inactive carrier substance, decyltriphenylphosphonium, on acute HPV (1% O2for 10 min) was investigated in isolated blood-free perfused mouse lungs. Mice exposed to chronic hypoxia (10% O2for 4 weeks) or after banding of the main pulmonary artery were treated with MitoQ or decyltriphenylphosphonium (50 mg·kg−1·day−1).Total cellular superoxide and mitochondrial ROS levels were increased in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells but decreased in pulmonary fibroblasts in acute hypoxia. MitoQ significantly inhibited HPV and acute hypoxia-induced rise in superoxide concentration. ROS was decreased in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, while it increased in the right ventricle after chronic hypoxia. Correspondingly, MitoQ did not affect the development of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension but attenuated right ventricular remodelling after chronic hypoxia as well as after pulmonary arterial banding.Increased mitochondrial ROS of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells mediate acute HPV, but not chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. MitoQ may be beneficial under conditions of exaggerated acute HPV.
Effect modification of perinatal exposure to air pollution and childhood asthma incidence
Authors: Lavigne Éric , Bélair Marc-André , Rodriguez Duque Daniel , Do Minh T. , Stieb David M. , Hystad Perry , van Donkelaar Aaron , Martin Randall V. , Crouse Daniel L. , Crighton Eric , Chen Hong , Burnett Richard T. , Weichenthal Scott , Villeneuve Paul J. , To Teresa , Brook Jeffrey R. , Johnson Markey , Cakmak Sabit , Yasseen Abdool S. , Walker Mark 
Published: February 2018

Perinatal exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with childhood asthma incidence; however, less is known regarding the potential effect modifiers in this association. We examined whether maternal and infant characteristics modified the association between perinatal exposure to air pollution and development of childhood asthma.761 172 births occurring between 2006 and 2012 were identified in the province of Ontario, Canada. Associations between exposure to ambient air pollutants and childhood asthma incidence (up to age 6 years) were estimated using Cox regression models.110 981 children with asthma were identified. In models adjusted for postnatal exposures, second-trimester exposures to particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (hazard ratio (HR) per interquartile range (IQR) increase 1.07, 95% CI 1.06–1.09) and nitrogen dioxide (HR per IQR increase 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.08) were associated with childhood asthma development. Enhanced impacts were found among children born to mothers with asthma, who smoked during pregnancy or lived in urban areas during pregnancy, males and children born preterm or of low birthweight.Prenatal exposure to air pollution may have a differential impact on the risk of asthma development, according to maternal and infant characteristics.
Predictive distribution of high-quality tight reservoirs of coarse clastic rocks by linking diagenesis to sedimentary facies: Evidence from the upper Sha 4 Member in the northern Bonan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China
Authors: Wu Dong , Liu Xiantai , Du Yushan , Jiang Long , Cheng Ziyan 
Published: February 2018

Coarse clastic rocks of the upper Sha 4 Member in the northern Bonan Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin in eastern China are important hydrocarbon reservoirs. The deposits are tight reservoirs owing to the low porosity (less than 10%) and low permeability (less than 1 mD). Because of the strong heterogeneity, although the reserve in the northern Bonan Sag is remarkable, only 4.9% of the reserves are recovered. We have studied these tight reservoirs by linking diagenesis to sedimentary facies to help predict the distribution of high-quality tight reservoirs. Petrographic analysis is undertaken based on cores, thin sections, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, helpful to understand the impacts on tight reservoirs of sedimentary factors and diagenesis factors. Sedimentary microfacies, lithologic characteristics, reservoir property, diagenesis, and diagenetic minerals are studied. Coarse clastic rocks are deposited mainly in nearshore subaqueous fans and fan deltas. The multistage sandstones are the valid reservoirs of coarse clastic rocks and dominated by feldspathic litharenite, lithic arkose, and arkose. The reservoir property is poor principally owing to the strong compaction and cementation. Pores are composed of secondary pores and primary pores. The secondary pore, generated in the dissolution of detrital minerals and/or cements, is the major type of pores and important to porosity improvement. By linking diagenesis to sedimentary facies, it can be concluded that high-quality tight reservoirs of coarse clastic rocks of the upper Sha 4 Member in the northern Bonan Sag of Bohai Bay Basin in eastern China are associated with medium to coarse-grain sandstones, found in the middle part of underwater distributary channel deposits in fan deltas and in the middle part of underwater channel deposits in nearshore subaqueous fans, with abundant secondary porosity but low cement contents, vertically at depths ranging from 3500 to 4100 m.