bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kernel density maximum entropy method with generalized moments for evaluating probability distributions, including tails, from a small sample of data
Authors: Alibrandi Umberto , Mosalam Khalid M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a novel method to determine the distribution of a random variable from a sample of data is presented. The approach is called generalized kernel density maximum entropy method, because it adopts a kernel density representation of the target distribution, while its free parameters are determined through the principle of maximum entropy (ME). Here, the ME solution is determined by assuming that the available information is represented from generalized moments, which include as their subsets the power and the fractional ones. The proposed method has several important features: (1) applicable to distributions with any kind of support, (2) computational efficiency because the ME solution is simply obtained as a set of systems of linear equations, (3) good trade‐off between bias and variance, and (4) good estimates of the tails of the distribution, in the presence of samples of small size. Moreover, the joint application of generalized kernel density maximum entropy with a bootstrap resampling allows to define credible bounds of the target distribution. The method is first benchmarked through an example of stochastic dynamic analysis. Subsequently, it is used to evaluate the seismic fragility functions of a reinforced concrete frame, from the knowledge of a small set of available ground motions.
Systematic Proteomic Analysis of Protein Methylation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Revealed Distinct Substrate Specificity
Authors: Zhang Min , Xu Jun‐Yu , Hu Hao , Ye Bang‐Ce , Tan Minjia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe studies of protein methylation mainly focus on lysine and arginine residues due to their diverse roles in essential cellular processes from gene expression to signal transduction. Nevertheless, atypical protein methylation occurring on amino acid residues, such as glutamine and glutamic acid, is largely neglected until recently. In addition, the systematic analysis for the distribution of methylation on different amino acids in various species is still lacking, which hinders our understanding of its functional roles. In this study, we deeply explored the methylated sites in three species Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and HeLa cells by employing MS‐based proteomic approach coupled with heavy methyl SILAC method. We identify a total of 234 methylated sites on 187 proteins with high localization confidence, including 94 unreported methylated sites on nine different amino acid residues. KEGG and gene ontology analysis show the pathways enriched with methylated proteins are mainly involved in central metabolism for E. coli and S. cerevisiae, but related to spliceosome for HeLa cells. The analysis of methylation preference on different amino acids is conducted in three species. Protein N‐terminal methylation is dominant in E. coli while methylated lysines and arginines are widely identified in S. cerevisiae and HeLa cells, respectively. To study whether some atypical protein methylation has biological relevance in the pathological process in mammalian cells, we focus on histone methylation in diet‐induced obese (DIO) mouse. Two glutamate methylation sites showed statistical significance in DIO mice compared with chow‐fed mice, suggesting their potential roles in diabetes and obesity. Together, these findings expanded the methylome database from microbes to mammals, which will benefit our further appreciation for the protein methylation as well as its possible functions on disease.
Synchrony of the first division as an index of the blastocyst formation rate during embryonic development
Authors: Mizobe Yamato , Tokunaga Makoto , Oya Naoto , Iwakiri Reiko , Yoshida Naomi , Sato Yumi , Onoue Nanase , Ezono Yuji 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo devise an uninvasive selection system for human embryos with high developmental potential after a single oocyte retrieval cycle by comparing the in vitro and in vivo effectiveness of first division synchrony against subsequent embryonic developmental stages.MethodsThe effects of using assisted reproductive technology on 948 embryos that were produced in 137 cycles were examined by dividing the embryos into “early cleavage” (first division within 25.90 hours) and “late cleavage” (first division at or after 25.90 hours) groups and comparing the blastocysts and good‐quality blastocyst formation rates between the two groups. These two groups were each divided further into “high synchrony” (first division synchrony within 3.96 hours) and “low synchrony” (first division synchrony at or after 3.96 hours) groups. The blastocysts, good‐quality blastocyst formation rates, and pregnancy rates were compared among these four groups.ResultsBoth the blastocysts and good‐quality blastocyst formation rates were significantly higher in the early‐cleavage groups than in the late‐cleavage groups. The blastocyst formation rate of the latter was also significantly increased in the high‐synchrony, compared with the low‐synchrony, group.ConclusionFirst division synchrony in a single oocyte retrieval cycle could be a useful assessment of the blastocyst formation rate that enables the selection of viable embryos at an early stage of culture.
Double trace interfaces
Authors: Melby-Thompson Charles M. , Schmidt-Colinet Cornelius 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe introduce and study renormalization group interfaces between two holographic conformal theories which are related by deformation by a scalar double trace operator. At leading order in the 1/Nexpansion, we derive expressions for the two point correlation functions of the scalar, as well as the spectrum of operators living on the interface. We also compute the interface contribution to the sphere partition function, which in two dimensions gives the boundarygfactor. Checks of our proposal include reproducing thegfactor and some defect overlap coefficients of Gaiotto’s RG interfaces at largeN, and the two-point correlation function whenever conformal perturbation theory is valid.
Elytra reduction may affect the evolution of beetle hind wings
Authors: Goczał Jakub , Rossa Robert , Tofilski Adam 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBeetles are one of the largest and most diverse groups of animals in the world. Conversion of forewings into hardened shields is perceived as a key adaptation that has greatly supported the evolutionary success of this taxa. Beetle elytra play an essential role: they minimize the influence of unfavorable external factors and protect insects against predators. Therefore, it is particularly interesting why some beetles have reduced their shields. This rare phenomenon is called brachelytry and its evolution and implications remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we focused on rare group of brachelytrous beetles with exposed hind wings. We have investigated whether the elytra loss in different beetle taxa is accompanied with the hind wing shape modification, and whether these changes are similar among unrelated beetle taxa. We found that hind wings shape differ markedly between related brachelytrous and macroelytrous beetles. Moreover, we revealed that modifications of hind wings have followed similar patterns and resulted in homoplasy in this trait among some unrelated groups of wing-exposed brachelytrous beetles. Our results suggest that elytra reduction may affect the evolution of beetle hind wings.
Direct CFD prediction of dynamic derivatives for a complete transport aircraft in the dry and heavy rain environment
Authors: Wu Z. , Cao Y. , Yang Y. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTAmong various aviation meteorological conditions, heavy rain is an important one that may seriously affect aircraft flight safety. Over the past decades, appreciable efforts have been made to study the impacts of heavy rain on aircraft flight performance. Although there has been a consistent conclusion that heavy rain can cause great static aerodynamic performance degradation, such as lift decrease and drag increase, little has been known on the effects of heavy rain on aircraft dynamic flight performance. This article explores the static and dynamic aerodynamic performance of an approximated model of the DLR-F12 transport aircraft in simulated heavy rain environment. A novel synthesised approach is proposed to study the stability dynamic derivatives in a heavy rain condition. The results suggest that heavy rain not only causes more fuel consumption to compensate the lost lift performance but also induces great dynamic flight performance degradations, especially the short-period mode performance, thus seriously threatens aircraft flight safety.
Feasibility of a septal mucosal flap for preventing re-stenosis following the Draf III procedure
Authors: Erdur O , Ozturk K , Erkan K 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground:Re-stenosis and a consequent need for revision surgery are the most common problems in the follow-up period following endoscopic modification of the Lothrop procedure.Method:This paper reports a new technique for reconstructing and resurfacing of the posterior frontal recess bone for prevention of re-stenosis.Results:A 46-year-old man presented with a frontal sinus osteoma, and treatment featured an endoscopic modification of the Lothrop procedure. A vascularised, posteriorly based, septal mucosal flap was used in reconstruction. There have been no reported issues over 24 months of follow up.Conclusion:The use of a nasoseptal flap seems feasible to reduce scarring and recurrence of (common) frontal recess stenosis after a Draf III operation.
Genome-wide identification and differential analysis of translational initiation
Authors: Zhang Peng , He Dandan , Xu Yi , Hou Jiakai , Pan Bih-Fang , Wang Yunfei , Liu Tao , Davis Christel M. , Ehli Erik A. , Tan Lin , Zhou Feng , Hu Jian , Yu Yonghao , Chen Xi , Nguyen Tuan M. , Rosen Jeffrey M. , Hawke David H. , Ji Zhe , Chen Yiwen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTranslation is principally regulated at the initiation stage. The development of the translation initiation (TI) sequencing (TI-seq) technique has enabled the global mapping of TIs and revealed unanticipated complex translational landscapes in metazoans. Despite the wide adoption of TI-seq, there is no computational tool currently available for analyzing TI-seq data. To fill this gap, we develop a comprehensive toolkit named Ribo-TISH, which allows for detecting and quantitatively comparing TIs across conditions from TI-seq data. Ribo-TISH can also predict novel open reading frames (ORFs) from regular ribosome profiling (rRibo-seq) data and outperform several established methods in both computational efficiency and prediction accuracy. Applied to published TI-seq/rRibo-seq data sets, Ribo-TISH uncovers a novel signature of elevated mitochondrial translation during amino-acid deprivation and predicts novel ORFs in 5′UTRs, long noncoding RNAs, and introns. These successful applications demonstrate the power of Ribo-TISH in extracting biological insights from TI-seq/rRibo-seq data.
Online diagnostic method of open‐switch faults in PWM voltage source rectifier based on instantaneous AC current distortion
Authors: Shi Tiancheng , He Yigang , Deng Fangming , Tong Jin , Wang Tao , Shi Luqiang 
Published: November 2017

The three‐phase pulse‐width modulating (PWM) voltage source rectifier (VSR) system is widely used because of its advantages in performance. Numerous studies show that power semiconductors are significant contributors to the overall failure rate of power converters. This study presents an online diagnosis method for a single open‐switch fault of a three‐phase PWM VSR, because existing research mainly focuses on fault diagnosis of inverters. The proposed method employs current distortion to diagnose faults in a convenient and simple way. It requires no extra hardware but only AC current signals, which are available in the control system and can be embedded into the existing driving software as a subroutine without excessive computational effort. The proposed method offers high diagnostic effectiveness and reliability. Experimental results show that the proposed method can diagnose the faulty switch at low currents as well as under abrupt load transient conditions without false alarms. Furthermore, the average diagnostic time of this method is only 1.8 ms.
Indirect boost matrix converter and low‐voltage generator for direct drive wind turbines
Authors: Singh Akanksha , Mirafzal Behrooz 
Published: November 2017

Here, a new topology for direct drive wind turbines (DDWTs) with a new power electronics interface and a low‐voltage generator is presented. In the presented power electronics interface, the grid‐side converter is replaced by a boost current source inverter (CSI) which eliminates the required dc‐bus capacitors, resulting in an increase in the system lifetime. The inherently required dc‐link inductor for this topology is eliminated by utilising the synchronous inductance of the permanent magnet synchronous generator. The control technique used for the developed DDWT is described here. The boost CSI enables conversion of a low dc voltage to a higher line‐to‐line voltage creating an indirect boost matrix converter, and thus, enabling the implementation of a low‐voltage generator. This further enables a reduction in the number poles required in direct drive wind generators. The feasibility of the proposed generator‐converter topology for DDWTs and its controllers are verified through simulations and experimental results on a laboratory scale 1.5 kW, 240 V set‐up.
Positive and negative sequence control of DFIG based wind turbines and its impact on grid voltage profile concerning converter control capability
Authors: Yan Lun , Yuan Xiaoming 
Published: November 2017

As grid‐connected doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbines have become a significant power source, in order to meet grid code and ensure its safe operation during asymmetrical grid faults, many improved control algorithms have been developed for the rotor‐side converter (RSC). However, most of them did not take the RSC control capability constraint into account and may cause overcurrent problem in the rotor side under serve asymmetric faults. In this study, first a new positive and negative sequence current control scheme for the RSC is designed so that DFIG can operate well during serve asymmetrical faults. Then, due to the RSC capability constraint, the controllable regions of DFIG are analysed while the limitation of DFIG is given. Based on the controllable regions and limitation of DFIG, the limitation and division strategies between DFIG rotor positive and negative sequence current are also developed theoretically. Finally, a typical system of a 45 MW DFIG‐based wind farm connected to power system is used to verify the effectiveness of the developed rotor positive and negative sequence current limitation and division strategies and study their impact on grid voltage profile during various asymmetrical faults in Matlab/Simulink software.
Few‐layer graphene doped with boron to enhance ammonium hydroxide vapour detection at low temperature
Authors: Ahmadi Shahrokh , Afzalzadeh Reza 
Published: November 2017

Few‐layer graphene and multilayer graphene are grown using atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition method with polystyrene as a solid carbon source on copper foil. These experimentations demonstrate that the sensor made of few layer graphene compared to multilayer graphene shows 12.5 times higher sensitivity to the vapour of ammonium hydroxide. Doping of a few layer graphene by boron is done by using boric acid as a solid precursor. The sensitivity of the few layer graphene sensor after 20 min has increased by 4.7 times when the graphene layer was doped with boron atoms (∼2.1%) for ammonium hydroxide detection. Selectivity of the boron doped sensor for ammonium hydroxide is about 16 times more than the presence of ethanol and methanol vapours. All measurements were done at room temperature and in air ambient. Atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy have been used for characterisation of the layers. The dynamic response of the sensor is well fitted with Freundlich isotherm.
Abundance of SiC2
in carbon star envelopes
Authors: Massalkhi S. , Agúndez M. , Cernicharo J. , Velilla Prieto L. , Goicoechea J. R. , Quintana-Lacaci G. , Fonfría J. P. , Alcolea J. , Bujarrabal V. 
Published: November 2017

Context. Silicon carbide dust is ubiquitous in circumstellar envelopes around C-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. However, the main gas-phase precursors leading to the formation of SiC dust have not yet been identified. The most obvious candidates among the molecules containing an Si–C bond detected in C-rich AGB stars are SiC2, SiC, and Si2C. To date, the ring molecule SiC2 has been observed in a handful of evolved stars, while SiC and Si2C have only been detected in the C-star envelope IRC +10216.Aim. We aim to study how widespread and abundant SiC2, SiC, and Si2C are in envelopes around C-rich AGB stars, and whether or not these species play an active role as gas-phase precursors of silicon carbide dust in the ejecta of carbon stars.Methods. We carried out sensitive observations with the IRAM 30 m telescope of a sample of 25 C-rich AGB stars to search for emission lines of SiC2, SiC, and Si2C in the λ 2 mm band. We performed non-LTE excitation and radiative transfer calculations based on the LVG method to model the observed lines of SiC2 and to derive SiC2 fractional abundances in the observed envelopes.Results. We detect SiC2 in most of the sources, SiC in about half of them, and do not detect Si2C in any source except IRC +10216. Most of these detections are reported for the first time in this work. We find a positive correlation between the SiC and SiC2 line emission, which suggests that both species are chemically linked; the SiC radical is probably the photodissociation product of SiC2 in the external layer of the envelope. We find a clear trend where the denser the envelope, the less abundant SiC2 is. The observed trend is interpreted as evidence of efficient incorporation of SiC2 onto dust grains, a process that is favored at high densities owing to the higher rate at which collisions between particles take place.Conclusions. The observed behavior of a decline in the SiC2 abundance with increasing density strongly suggests that SiC2 is an important gas-phase precursor of SiC dust in envelopes around carbon stars.
Design and performance of dual-polarization lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors for millimeter-wave polarimetry
Authors: McCarrick H. , Jones G. , Johnson B. R. , Abitbol M. H. , Ade P. A. R. , Bryan S. , Day P. , Essinger-Hileman T. , Flanigan D. , Leduc H. G. , Limon M. , Mauskopf P. , Miller A. , Tucker C. 
Published: November 2017

Aims. Lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) are an attractive technology for millimeter-wave observations that require large arrays of extremely low-noise detectors. We designed, fabricated and characterized 64-element (128 LEKID) arrays of horn-coupled, dual-polarization LEKIDs optimized for ground-based CMB polarimetry. Our devices are sensitive to two orthogonal polarizations in a single spectral band centered on 150 GHz with Δν∕ν = 0.2. The 65 × 65 mm square arrays are designed to be tiled into the focal plane of an optical system. We demonstrate the viability of these dual-polarization LEKIDs with laboratory measurements.
Methods. The LEKID modules are tested with an FPGA-based readout system in a sub-kelvin cryostat that uses a two-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator. The devices are characterized using a blackbody and a millimeter-wave source. The polarization properties are measured with a cryogenic stepped half-wave plate. We measure the resonator parameters and the detector sensitivity, noise spectrum, dynamic range, and polarization response.
Results. The resonators have internal quality factors approaching 1 × 106. The detectors have uniform response between orthogonal polarizations and a large dynamic range. The detectors are photon-noise limited above 1 pW of absorbed power. The noise-equivalent temperatures under a 3.4 K blackbody load are <100 μK √s. The polarization fractions of detectors sensitive to orthogonal polarizations are >80%. The entire array is multiplexed on a single readout line, demonstrating a multiplexing factor of 128. The array and readout meet the requirements for 4 arrays to be read out simultaneously for a multiplexing factor of 512.
Conclusions. This laboratory study demonstrates the first dual-polarization LEKID array optimized specifically for CMB polarimetry and shows the readiness of the detectors for on-sky observations.
Think tanks, Tories and the austerity discourse coalition
Authors: Pautz Hartwig 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Political parties change their policy positions for a variety of reasons. Among these can be changing interpretations of economic or other kinds of knowledge. The article investigates whether think tanks, as producers, synthesisers and disseminators of knowledge, may have contributed to changes in the British Conservative Party’s positions on public spending, debt and deficit following the Global Financial Crisis and the onset of the Great Recession between 2008 and 2009. The article does not seek to attribute causality to think tanks’ activities and the Conservatives’ changing positions on public spending. However, it proposes that think tanks were relevant actors in the British ‘austerity discourse coalition’ and were, more specifically, relevant for the Conservatives’ adoption of a strict austerity agenda. The article also emphasises that think tanks should be considered as relevant actors in any analysis of the link between the cognitive dimension of public policy and political action.
Electrophysiological Measures of Aging Pharynx Function in C. elegans Reveal Enhanced Organ Functionality in Older, Long-lived Mutants
Authors: Russell Joshua Coulter , Burnaevskiy Nikolay , Ma Bridget , Mailig Miguel Arenas , Faust Franklin , Crane Matt , Kaeberlein Matt , Mendenhall Alexander 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe function of the pharynx, an organ in the model system Caenorhabditis elegans, has been correlated with life span and motility (another measure of health) since 1980. In this study, in order to further understand the relationship between organ function and life span, we measured the age-related decline of the pharynx using an electrophysiological approach. We measured and analyzed electropharyngeograms (EPG) of wild type animals, short-lived hsf-1 mutants, and long-lived animals with genetically decreased insulin signaling or increased heat shock pathway signaling; we recorded a total of 2,478 EPGs from 1,374 individuals. As expected, the long-lived daf-2(e1370) and hsf-1OE(uthIs235) animals maintained pharynx function relatively closer to the youthful state during aging, whereas the hsf-1(sy441) and wild type animals’ pharynx function deviated significantly further from the youthful state at advanced age. Measures of the amount of variation in organ function can act as biomarkers of youthful physiology as well. Intriguingly, the long-lived animals had greater variation in the duration of pharynx contraction at older ages.