bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four‐dimensional phase‐contrast vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction (4D PC‐VIPR) MR evaluation of the renal arteries in transplant recipients: Preliminary results
Authors: Motoyama Daisuke , Ishii Yasuo , Takehara Yasuo , Sugiyama Masataka , Yang Wang , Nasu Hatsuko , Ushio Takasuke , Hirose Yuko , Ohishi Naoki , Wakayama Tetsuya , Kabasawa Hiroyuki , Johnson Kevin , Wieben Oliver , Sakahara Harumi , Ozono Seiichiro 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo assess the performance of four‐dimensional phase‐contrast vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction (4D PC‐VIPR) at 3.0T in depicting intrarenal arteries compared with computed tomography angiography (CTA), and its correlation with arterial flowmetry in comparison with Doppler ultrasonography (DUS).Materials and MethodsIn our prospective single‐arm study, subjects were 25 patients who underwent renal transplant‐related surgery at our hospital between July 2011 and June 2015. In the morphological study, depictions of renal artery branches delineated by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)/4D PC‐VIPR without gadolinium contrast agent were compared in seven living transplant recipients with the same kidney delineated by CTA in seven living transplant donors. In the flowmetric study, flow velocities in the renal (main stem), segmental, and interlobar arteries during systole and diastole were measured in 12 recipients using noncontrast MRA/4D PC‐VIPR, and were compared with those obtained from DUS.ResultsConcerning MRA, average confidence levels of delineation rated by six observers for secondary to third level renal artery branches were 82.9–100% and for the fourth to fifth branches were 60.8–89.7% (average kappa value of 0.588 [95% confidence interval: 0.522–0.653]). Total flow velocities measured using 4D PC‐VIPR and DUS demonstrated significant correlations during both systole and diastole with acceptable bias (r = 0.902; P < 0.001 in systole and r = 0.734; P < 0.001 in diastole).Conclusion4D PC‐VIPR was useful in generating both morphological and hemodynamic information for evaluation of transplant intrarenal arteries without the need for contrast media.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:595–603
The impact of an urban canopy and anthropogenic heat fluxes on Sydney's climate
Authors: Ma Shaoxiu , Pitman Andy , Hart Melissa , Evans Jason P. , Haghdadi Navid , MacGill Iain 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTWe use the Weather Research and Forecast model and estimate anthropogenic heat (AH) fluxes based on fine‐scale energy consumption data for Sydney, Australia, to investigate the effects of urbanization on temperature. We examine both the impact of urban canopy effects (UCE) and AH which in combination causes the urban heat island effect. Sydney's urban heat island (UHI) varies from −1 to >3.4 °C between day and night and between seasons. UHI intensity is highest at night and an urban cool island is often experienced during the day. UCE contributes 80% of the UHI during summer nights because of the release of stored heat from urban infrastructure that has been absorbed during the day. During the day for UCE, the reduced net radiation and greater heat storage by urban infrastructure combine to slightly cool. In contrast, AH contributes 90% of the UHI during winter nights because it does not dissipate into the higher levels of the boundary layer efficiently. The opposite applies during summer nights and during daytime in both summer and winter where heat mixes effectively into the atmosphere. Our results show contrasting impacts of UCE and AH by time of day and time of year and point to major simulation biases if only one of these phenomena is represented, or if their seasonal contributions are not accounted for separately.
Unexpected decline in a population of speckled tortoises
Authors: Loehr Victor J. T. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTLong‐lived, iteroparous species exhibit various mechanisms to overcome temporary unfavorable conditions and promote adult survival and population persistence. Consequently, populations may appear relatively stable while subtle and slow‐progressing threats cause their decline. The speckled tortoise (Homopus signatus) is a long‐lived, iteroparous species in South Africa that is thought to be secure in areas that meet the species’ known requirements. To verify its stability, I monitored a dense speckled tortoise population, integrating 2 mark‐recapture studies (2000–2004 and 2012–2015) in long‐term joint live and dead encounters and POPAN population models. From 2000 to 2015, the study site remained fenced, ungrazed, and was not modified in any way, yet the size‐class frequency distribution, sex ratio, and abundance of speckled tortoises drastically changed. Population numbers decreased 66%, mainly because of the disappearance of juveniles and males. Modeling results identified a reduction in the number of entrants into the population (via births and immigration) as the likely cause of population changes, whereas apparent survival remained high. Observations, in part anecdotal, of increasing numbers of pied crows (Corvus albus) on the study site suggest that increased predation on speckled tortoise hatchlings contributed to the population decline. Examination of rainfall data for 1990–2015 did not reveal evidence of aridification in the study area, a documented cause of reduced reproduction in speckled tortoises. The results of this study caution against the assumption that areas in the range of the speckled tortoise that meet its known requirements can maintain healthy populations. © 2017 The Wildlife Society
Human fetal lung morphometry at autopsy with new modeling to quantitate structural maturity
Authors: Lipsett Jill 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOBJECTIVESTo demonstrate a simplified morphometric procedure, including a new model for acinar structural maturity, applicable to autopsy fetal lung and present reference values for these parameters.STUDY DESIGNCases with autopsy consent for research were studied. To simplify analysis only critical morphometric parameters were measured to allow calculation of gas‐exchange surface area.SUBJECT SELECTIONA total of 58 fetuses, 16‐40 weeks were included. Subjects were rejected with any condition predisposing to pulmonary hypo/hyperplasia, significant maceration, or if lung weight/bodyweight or microscopy identified pulmonary hypoplasia or lung growth disorders.METHODOLOGYLungs were inflation fixed, weights and volumes determined, sampled, then returned to the body. Volume densities (VV) of parenchyma/non‐parenchyma and air‐space/gas‐exchange tissue, gas‐exchange surface density (SV), and total surface area (SA) were determined. The number, mean radius, and septal thickness of modeled airspace‐spheres were calculated. Equations were generated for each parameter function of gestation and bodyweight.RESULTSFrom 16 to 40‐week weights and volumes increased as power functions from ∼4 g/mL to ∼90 g/mL. Parenchyma/non‐parenchyma changed little—75:25 (16 weeks) to 71:29 (term). Parenchyma was 10% airspace:90% tissue early and 50:50 by term. Gas‐exchange SV increased from 175 to 450 cm2/cm3 and total SA increased from 0.059 to 4.793 m2. There were 3.31 × 106 airspace‐spheres, 12 µ radius, septal thickness 30 µ at 16 weeks, increasing to 56.92 × 106, 26 µ radius, septal thickness 13 µ by term.CONCLUSIONSMorphometry can feasibly be performed at autopsy, providing more informative quantitative data on lung structural development than current methods utilized. This reference data set compares well with published data.
The role of hydroxyl groups in interchain interactions in cellulose Iα and Iβ
Authors: Feng Qingguo , Noumbissi Raoul , Biswas Koushik , Koizumi Hideya 
Published: February 2017

AbstractComplex networks of hydrogen bonds within the cellulose Iα and Iβ contribute greatly to cellulose's anisotropic physical properties such as material stiffness. The interchain hydrogen bonding interactions through hydroxyl groups are isolated in each of the three lattice planes of the adjacent chains within the unit cell of two allomorphs of natural cellulose. In our density function theory study with dispersion corrected Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE‐D2) functional, these hydroxyl groups participate in strong hydrogen bonding interactions (−24.8 and −24.8 kcal/mol for cellulose Iα and Iβ, respectively) in the side‐to‐side lattice plane. Unexpectedly, the hydroxyl groups also participate significantly in hydrogen bonding interactions (−11.0 and −12.4 kcal/mol for cellulose Iα and Iβ, respectively) in one of the diagonal lattice planes in both cellulose Iα and Iβ. Both PM7 and PBE‐D2 method predict that the overall interaction is asymmetric and stronger in the right diagonal lattice plane. While hydrogen bonding interactions are strongest in side‐to‐side lattice plane as expected, the role of hydrogen bonding interactions for keeping the sheet together is more significant than previously thought.
Sphere-Induced Rejuvenation of Swine and Human Müller Glia Is Primarily Caused by Telomere Elongation
Authors: Xu Ni , Chen Yao , Dean Kevin C. , Lu Xiaoqin , Liu Xiao , Wang Wei , Dean Douglas C. , Kaplan Henry J. , Gao Ling , Dong Fangtian , Liu Yongqing 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMüller cells are the major supportive and protective glial cells in the retina with important functions in histogenesis and synaptogenesis during development, and in maintenance of mature neurons as they show to secrete various cytokines and manifest potentials of self-renewal and transdifferentiation into retinal neurons following injury in the vertebrate retinas. The swine retina has a visual streak structure similar to the human macular where cone photoreceptors are highly concentrated, thereby can serve as a better model for studying retinal diseases and for formulating cell-based therapeutics than the rodent retinas. Like most differentiated somatic mammalian cells, the isolated swine and human Müller glia become senescent over passages in culture, which restricts their potential application in basic and clinic researches. Here, we demonstrate that the senescence of swine and human Müller cells is caused by telomere attrition upon multiplications in vitro; and the senescent cells can be rejuvenated by sphere suspension culture. We also provide evidence that sphere-induced extension of telomeres in swine and human Müller glia is achieved by alternative lengthening of telomeres or/and by telomerase activation.
Effects of cognition, function, and behavioral and psychological symptoms on out‐of‐pocket medical and nursing home expenditures and time spent caregiving for persons with dementia
Authors: Jutkowitz Eric , Kuntz Karen M. , Dowd Bryan , Gaugler Joseph E. , MacLehose Richard F. , Kane Robert L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionClinical features of dementia (cognition, function, and behavioral and psychological symptoms) may differentially affect out‐of‐pocket medical and nursing home (NH) expenditures and informal care received (outcomes).MethodsWe used cross‐sectional data (Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study) to estimate probabilities of experiencing outcomes by clinical features. For those experiencing an outcome, we estimated effects of clinical features on the amount of the outcome.ResultsNo clinical feature predicted the probability of having out‐of‐pocket medical expenditures. For those with medical expenditures, higher cognition and poorer function were associated with more spending. Poorer function predicted having out‐of‐pocket NH expenditures. For those with NH expenditures, no clinical feature predicted the amount. Poorer function and a greater number of behavioral and psychological symptoms predicted the probability of receiving caregiving. For those receiving care, poorer function was associated with more caregiving.ConclusionsClinical features differentially impact outcomes with poorer function associated with all types of costs and caregiving received.
Perturbations of quadratic Hamiltonian systems with symmetry
Authors: Horozov Emil Ivanov , Iliev Iliya Dimov 
Published: February 2017

It is proved that arbitrary quadratic perturbations of quadratic Hamiltonian systems in the plane possessing central symmetry can produce at most two limit cycles.

Résumé
Nous prouvons que les perturbations quadratiques arbitraires des systèmes hamiltoniens quadratiques et symétrie sur la plane peut produire au plus deux cycles limites.
Decomposition of homogeneous vector fields of degree one and representation of the flow
Authors: Ancona Fabio 
Published: February 2017

We first give a characterization for the set of real analytic diffeomorphisms which transform homogeneous vector fields of certain degree into homogeneous fields of the same degree with respect to an arbitrary dilation

\delta _{\varepsilon }^{r}

. Such a set is constituted by the invertible analytic maps that are homogeneous of degree one with respect to

\delta _{\varepsilon }^{r}

and can be endowed with the structure of a Lie Group whose Lie algebra is the space

H^{1,r}(ℝ^n)

of the homogeneous fields of degree one with respect to

\delta _{\varepsilon }^{r}

. Then we prove a decomposition theorem for the elements of the non semisimple Lie algebra

H^{1,r}(ℝ^n)

. This result is a non linear analog of the Jordan decomposition of a linear field,
i.e
. for

X \in H^{1,r}(ℝ^n)

, we can write

X = S + N

, with

S

linear semisimple and

[S,N] = 0

. We also give an explicit representation formula for the flow generated by a field in

H^{1,r}(ℝ^n)

. Finally we apply this result to obtain a simple representation for the trajectories of a class of affine control systems

\.{x} = X_{0}(x) + B\:u

, with

X_0 \in H^{1,r}(ℝ^n)

and

В

a constant field, that constitute a natural extension of the linear control systems.

Résumé

Tout d’abord, nous donnons une caractérisation de l’ensemble des difféomorphismes analytiques réels qui transforment des champs de vecteurs homogènes d’un certain degré en champs de vecteurs homogènes de même degré relativement à une dilatation arbitraire

\delta _{\varepsilon }^{r}

. Un tel ensemble est constitué par des applications analytiques inversibles homogènes de degré 1 relativement à

\delta _{\varepsilon }^{r}

, et il peut être doté d’une structure de groupe de Lie. L’espace

H^{1,r}(ℝ^n)

des champs de vecteurs homogènes de degré 1 relativement à

\delta _{\varepsilon }^{r}

est l’algèbre de Lie de cet ensemble. Ensuite, nous démontrons un théorème de décomposition pour les éléments de l’algèbre de Lie non-semisimple

H^{1,r}(ℝ^n)

. Ce résultat est l’analogue non linéaire de la décomposition de Jordan d’un champ linéaire,
i.e
., pour

X\in H^{1,r}(ℝ^n)

, nous pouvons écrire

X = S + N

, où

S

est un champ linéaire semisimple et

[S, N] = 0

. Nous donnons aussi une formule explicite de représentation pour le flux d’un champ de

H^{1,r}(ℝ^n)

. Finalement, nous utilisons ce résultat pour obtenir une représentation simple des trajectoires d’une classe du système affines de contrôle

\.{x} = X_{0}(x) + B\:u

, où

X_0 \in H^{1,r}(ℝ^n)

et

В

est un champ constant, qui constitue une extension naturelle des systèmes linéaires de contrôle.
Uniform rectifiability and singular sets
Authors: David Guy , Semmes Stephen 
Published: February 2017

Under what conditions can one say something about the geometric structure of the singular set of a function? A famous result of this type states that the singular set (= set of non-Lebesgue points) of a function of bounded variation on

\mathbf R^n

is (countably) rectifiable. In this paper we shall be concerned with quantitative forms of rectifiability, and we give a quantitative version of this theorem. We also give uniform rectifiability results for the singular sets of minimizers of higher-dimensional versions of the Mumford–Shah functional. Along the way we shall encounter some generalizations of the usual topological notion of a set “separating” points in the complement, including one which is based on the failure of Poincaré inequalities on the complement of the given set.

Résumé

Que peut-on dire de la structure géométrique de l’ensemble de singularités d’une fonction

f

définie sur

\mathbf R^n

? Un théorème classique dit que si

f

est à variation bornée, alors l’ensemble singulier de

f

(c’est-à-dire le complémentaire de l’ensemble des points de Lebesgue de

f

) est dénombrablement rectifiable. Dans cet article, on donne une version quantifiée de ce théorème utilisant la notion de rectifiabilité uniforme. On donne également un résultat de rectifiabilité uniforme des ensembles singuliers associés aux sections minimisantes pour la fonctionnelle de Mumford–Shah en dimension quelconque. L’une des idées directrices de l’article est que la rectifiabilité d’un ensemble de codimension 1 est en rapport étroit avec la manière dont il sépare localement

\mathbf R^n

en composantes. On y trouve en particulier une notion de séparation basée sur l’absence de bonnes inégalités de Poincaré dans le complémentaire.
Existence and uniqueness of entropy solutions for nonlinear elliptic equations with measure data
Authors: Boccardo Lucio , Gallouët Thierry , Orsina Luigi 
Published: February 2017

We consider the differential problem

\tag{$\ast$}
\begin{cases}
A\left(u\right) = \mu & \mathrm{i n}\:\mathrm{\Omega }, \\
u = 0 & \mathrm{on }\:∂\mathrm{\Omega },
\end{cases}

where

Ω

is a bounded, open subset of

\mathbf R^N

,

N ≥ 2

,

A

is a monotone operator acting on

W_{0}^{1,p}\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right)

,

p > 1

, and

μ

is a Radon measure on

Ω

that does not charge the sets of zero

p

-capacity. We prove a decomposition theorem for these measures (more precisely, as the sum of a function in

L^1(Ω)

and of a measure in

W^{−1,p'}(Ω)

), and an existence and uniqueness result for the so-called entropy solutions of (

\ast

).

Résumé
On considère le problème différentiel

\tag{$\ast$}
\begin{cases}
A\left(u\right) = \mu & \mathrm{dans }\:\mathrm{\Omega }, \\
u = 0 & \mathrm{sur }\:∂\mathrm{\Omega },
\end{cases}

où

Ω

est un ouvert borné de

\mathbf R^N

,

N ≥ 2

,

A

est un opérateur monotone défini sur

W_{0}^{1,p}\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right)

,

p > 1

, et

μ

est une mesure de Radon sur

Ω

qui ne charge pas les ensembles de

p

-capacité nulle. On démontre un théorème de décomposition pour ces mesures (plus précisément, comme une fonction de

L^1(Ω)

et une mesure dans

W^{−1,p'}(Ω)

), et on prouve l’existence et l’unicité d’une solution entropique pour (

\ast

).
Identifying Current Practices and Supports in Behaviour Management Following ABI in South Australian Community Settings: A Delphi Study
Authors: Fisher Alinka , Bellon Michelle , Lawn Sharon , Lennon Sheila 
Published: February 2017

Objectives: To consider the strategies currently used by family care givers to manage challenging behaviour in the community following ABI, and to identify what supports are available that support family care givers in addressing this issue.Research design: Delphi study.Methods: Service providers (n = 8) and family care givers (n = 3) completed a three-round Delphi process with the aim of reaching consensus (75% agreement) regarding research objectives. Round 1 consisted of an open-ended questionnaire in which items were identified; these items were then rated in Round 2 and 3 using a Likert scale. Statistical aggregation then allowed for quantitative analysis.Results: The findings suggest a number of behaviour management approaches are being used by family care givers, including basic antecedent strategies, agreeing with the person's demands, and medication. Consensus was reached that only two services in SA provide specific support to family care givers regarding behaviour management in the community: Families4Families Inc. (a peer support network) and Private Specialists (e.g., [neuro]psychologists and [neuro]psychiatrists).Conclusions: Findings emphasise the need for more specialised services specific to educating and supporting family care givers in the management of challenging behaviours following ABI. These services should be accessible, centralised, and easy for family care givers to navigate.
Mapping the evolving definitions of translational research
Authors: Fort Daniel G. , Herr Timothy M. , Shaw Pamela L. , Gutzman Karen E. , Starren Justin B. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveSystematic review and analysis of definitions of translational research.Materials and methodsThe final corpus was comprised of 33 papers, each read by at least 2 reviewers. Definitions were mapped to a common set of research processes for presentation and analysis. Influence of papers and definitions was further evaluated using citation analysis and agglomerative clustering.ResultsAll definitions were mapped to common research processes, revealing most common labels for each process. Agglomerative clustering revealed 3 broad families of definitions. Citation analysis showed that the originating paper of each family has been cited ~10 times more than any other member.DiscussionAlthough there is little agreement between definitions, we were able to identify an emerging consensus 5-phase (T0–T4) definition for translational research. T1 involves processes that bring ideas from basic research through early testing in humans. T2 involves the establishment of effectiveness in humans and clinical guidelines. T3 primarily focuses on implementation and dissemination research while T4 focuses on outcomes and effectiveness in populations. T0 involves research such as genome-wide association studies which wrap back around to basic research.ConclusionWe used systematic review and analysis to identify emerging consensus between definitions of translational research phases.
Patient-Centered Network of Learning Health Systems: Developing a resource for clinical translational research
Authors: Finney Rutten L. J. , Alexander A. , Embi P. J. , Flores G. , Friedman C. , Haller I. V. , Haug P. , Jensen D. , Khosla S. , Runger G. , Shah N. D. , Winden T. , Roger V. L. 
Published: February 2017

IntroductionThe Learning Health System Network clinical data research network includes academic medical centers, health-care systems, public health departments, and health plans, and is designed to facilitate outcomes research, pragmatic trials, comparative effectiveness research, and evaluation of population health interventions.MethodsThe Learning Health System Network is 1 of 13 clinical data research networks assembled to create, in partnership with 20 patient-powered research networks, a National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network.Results and ConclusionsHerein, we describe the Learning Health System Network as an emerging resource for translational research, providing details on the governance and organizational structure of the network, the key milestones of the current funding period, and challenges and opportunities for collaborative science leveraging the network.