bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Meanings of the ‘Sustainable City’: A Comparative Review of the French‐ and English‐Language Literature
Authors: Hamman Philippe , Anquetin Virginie , Monicolle Céline 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper analyses the repertoire of the ‘sustainable city’ by conducting a comparative review of the French‐ and English‐language literature. Some use this language for its practical impact regarding urban policies; others criticize it as a tool for legitimizing growth‐oriented policies. The article aims at overcoming this duality. Statistical and lexical analyses evidence four main variants of ‘sustainable city’ discourses, subject to debate: ‘green city’, ‘city of short distances’, ‘just city’ and ‘participatory city’. They yield four main findings: first, there is no single model of the ‘sustainable city’; second, the different approaches are not mutually exclusive, be it conceptually, institutionally, practically or geographically; third, the ‘sustainable city’ appears as a genuinely political repertoire – a wide range of actors and institutions act as filters, promoters or detractors; fourth, these situated uses are not fixed but constantly changing, in terms of both contents and procedures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The Mesenchymal Precursor Cell Marker Antibody STRO-1 Binds to Cell Surface Heat Shock Cognate 70
Authors: Fitter Stephen , Gronthos Stan , Ooi Soo Siang , Zannettino Andrew C.W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSince its discovery more than 25 years ago, the STRO-1 antibody has played a fundamental role in defining the hierarchical nature of mesenchymal precursor cells (MPC) and their progeny. STRO-1 antibody binding remains a hallmark of immature pluripotent MPC. Despite the significance of STRO-1 in the MPC field, the identity of the antigen has remained elusive. Using a combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, coupled with Western blotting and Tandem mass spectroscopy, we have identified the STRO-1 antigen as heat shock cognate 70 (HSC70;HSPA8). STRO-1 binds to immune-precipitated HSC70 and siRNA-mediated knock down of HSPA8 reduced STRO-1 binding. STRO-1 surface binding does not correlate with HSC70 expression and sequestration of cholesterol reduces STRO-1 surface binding, suggesting that the plasma membrane lipid composition may be an important determinant in the presentation of HSC70 on the cell surface. HSC70 is present on the surface of STRO-1+ but not STRO-1− cell lines as assessed by cell surface biotinylation and recombinant HSC70 blocks STRO-1 binding to the cell surface. The STRO-1 epitope on HSC70 was mapped to the ATPase domain using a series of deletion mutants in combination with peptide arrays. Deletion of the first four amino acids of the consensus epitope negated STRO-1 binding. Notably, in addition to HSC70, STRO-1 cross-reacts with heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), however all the clonogenic cell activity is restricted to the STRO-1BRIGHT/HSP70− fraction. These results provide important insight into the properties that define multipotent MPC and provide the impetus to explore the role of cell surface HSC70 in MPC biology.
Gender and climate change
Authors: Pearse Rebecca 
Published: December 2016

This study reviews the literature on gender relations and climate change. Gender analysis contributes to our understanding of: (1) vulnerability and climate change impacts; (2) adaptations in different contexts; (3) responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions; (4) inequalities in climate governance; and (5) knowledges and social action on climate change. Overall, the literature has established that gender relations are an integral feature of social transformations associated with climate change. This poses a challenge to gender‐blind social research into climate change. Without gender analysis, we omit key aspects of social life in a changing climate. It is vital that the gendered character of climate change is recognized and further explored in the social sciences and humanities. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e451. doi: 10.1002/wcc.451This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate Change
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
Sweet sorghum bagasse and corn stover serving as substrates for producing sophorolipids
Authors: Samad Abdul , Zhang Ji , Chen Da , Chen Xiaowen , Tucker Melvin , Liang Yanna 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
To make the process of producing sophorolipids by Candida bombicola truly sustainable, we investigated production of these biosurfactants on biomass hydrolysates. This study revealed: (1) yield of sophorolipds on bagasse hydrolysate decreased from 0.56 to 0.54 and to 0.37 g/g carbon source when yellow grease was dosed at 10, 40 and 60 g/L, respectively. In the same order, concentration of sophorolipids was 35.9, 41.9, and 39.3 g/L; (2) under similar conditions, sophorolipid yield was 0.12, 0.05 and 0.04 g/g carbon source when corn stover hydrolysate was mixed with soybean oil at 10, 20 and 40 g/L. Sophorolipid concentration was 11.6, 4.9, and 3.9 g/L for the three oil doses from low to high; and (3) when corn stover hydrolysate and yellow grease served as the substrates for cultivating the yeast in a fermentor, sophorolipid concentration reached 52.1 g/L. Upon further optimization, sophorolipids production from ligocellulose will be indeed sustainable.
Clinical Issues‐January 2017
Authors: Burlingame Byron L. 
Published: December 2016

This MonthJewelry removal when using electrosurgical devicesKey words: electrosurgery, monopolar electrosurgery, jewelry, body piercing.Use of electrosurgery when a cardiac implanted device is presentKey words: electrosurgery, monopolar electrosurgery, bipolar electrosurgery, implanted electronic device, cardiac implanted electronic device.Staffing when a laser is usedKey words: laser, laser operator, laser nurse, laser assistant, laser user.
Temporal processsing demands in the HIV‐1 transgenic rat: Amodal gating and implications for diagnostics
Authors: McLaurin Kristen A. , Booze Rosemarie M. , Mactutus Charles F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDespite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), approximately 50% of HIV‐1 seropositive individuals develop HIV‐1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Unfortunately, point‐of‐care screening tools for HAND lack sensitivity and specificity, especially in low‐resource countries. Temporal processing deficits have emerged as a critical underlying dimension of neurocognitive impairments observed in HIV‐1 and may provide a key target for the development of a novel point‐of‐care screening tool for HAND. Cross‐modal prepulse inhibition (PPI; i.e., auditory, visual, or tactile prepulse stimuli) and gap‐prepulse inhibition (gap‐PPI; i.e., auditory, visual or tactile prepulse stimuli), two translational experimental paradigms, were used to assess the nature of temporal processing deficits in the HIV‐1 transgenic (Tg) rat. Cross‐modal PPI revealed a relative insensitivity to the manipulation of interstimulus interval (ISI) in HIV‐1 Tg rats in comparison to controls, regardless of prestimulus modality. Gap‐PPI revealed differential sensitivity to the manipulation of ISI, independent of modality, in HIV‐1 Tg rats in comparison to control animals. Manipulation of context (i.e., concurrent visual or tactile stimulus) in auditory PPI revealed a differential sensitivity in HIV‐1 Tg animals compared to controls. The potential utility of amodal temporal processing deficits as an innovative point‐of‐care screening tool was explored using a discriminant function analysis, which diagnosed the presence of the HIV‐1 transgene with 97.4% accuracy. Thus, the presence of amodal temporal processing deficits in the HIV‐1 Tg rat supports the hypothesis of a central temporal processing deficit in HIV‐1 seropositive individuals, heralding an opportunity for the development of a point‐of‐care screening tool for HAND.
Secondary instability analysis of crossflow on a hypersonic yawed straight circular cone
Authors: Moyes Alexander J. , Paredes Pedro , Kocian Travis S. , Reed Helen L. 
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this paper is to provide secondary instability analysis of stationary crossflow vortices on a hypersonic yawed straight circular cone with a $7^{\circ }$ half-angle at $6^{\circ }$ angle of attack, free-stream Mach number 6 and unit Reynolds number $10.09\times 10^{6}~\text{m}^{-1}$. At an angle of attack, a three-dimensional boundary layer is developed between the windward and leeward symmetry planes. Under the action of azimuthal pressure gradients, the flow near the surface is deflected more than the flow near the edge of the boundary layer. This results in an inflectional velocity profile that can sustain the growth of crossflow vortices. The stationary crossflow instability is computed by means of the nonlinear parabolized stability equations, including a methodology to predict the stationary-crossflow marching path and variation of the spanwise number of waves in the marching direction solely from the basic state. Secondary instability analysis is performed using spatial BiGlobal equations based on two-dimensional partial differential equations. The secondary instabilities are calculated at different axial locations along two crossflow vortex trajectories selected to complement experiments conducted in the Mach 6 Quiet Tunnel at Texas A&M University and in the Boeing/AFOSR Mach 6 Quiet Tunnel at Purdue University. The secondary instability analysis captures various instability modes. Similar to observations in the low-speed regime for an infinite swept wing, secondary shear-layer instabilities are amplified as a consequence of the three-dimensional shear layer formed by crossflow vortices. Also, low-frequency travelling crossflow and high-frequency second modes coexist with the shear-layer instabilities. These results are shown to be in good agreement with the two sets of hypersonic yawed cone experiments (one with natural surface roughness and one with artificial discrete roughness) and compare well with experimental measurements of an incompressible swept wing.
Focus statistics for testing network centrality on uncorrelated random graphs
Authors: WANG TAI-CHI , PHOA FREDERICK KIN HING 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNetwork centrality has been addressed for more than 30 years; however, few studies provided statistical tests for verifying this network characteristic. By applying the idea of focus test in spatial analysis, we propose a statistical method to test the centrality of a network. We consider not only the degree of node, but also give weights on other nodes with different lengths of the shortest paths, which are called “distances” in networks. According to the density of distance based on the hidden variable model and the property of the multinomial distribution, a test statistic called “focus centrality” is provided to evaluate a network centrality. Besides the theoretical construction, we verify that the proposed method is feasible and effective in the simulation studies. Further, two empirical network data are studied as demonstrations.
Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Effects for the Mesolithic and Medieval Periods in the Western Isles of Scotland
Authors: Ascough Philippa L , Church Mike J , Cook Gordon T 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article presents new values for the Scottish marine radiocarbon reservoir effect (MRE) during the Mesolithic at 4540–4240 BC (6490–6190 BP) and the Medieval period at AD 1460–1630 (490–320 BP). The results give a ΔR of –126±3914C yr for the Mesolithic and of –130±3614C yr for the Medieval. We recalculate previously published MRE values for the earlier Holocene in this region, at 6480–6290 BC (8430–8180 BP). Here, MRE values are slightly elevated, with a ΔR of 64±4114C yr, possibly relating to the 8.2ka BP cold event. New values for the Mesolithic and Medieval indicate lower MRE values, broadly consistent with an existing data set of 37 mid- to late Holocene assessments for Scottish waters, indicating stable ocean conditions. We compare the intercept and probability density function (PDF) methods for assessing ΔR. The ΔR values are indistinguishable, but confidence intervals are slightly larger with the PDF method. We therefore apply this more conservative method to calculate ΔR. The MRE values presented fill important gaps in understanding Scottish marine14C dynamics, providing confidence when calibrating material from critical periods in Scotland’s prehistory, particularly the Mesolithic, when the use of marine resources by coastal populations was high.
Anti-inflammatory effects of an oxylipin-containing lyophilised biomass from a microalga in a murine recurrent colitis model
Authors: Ávila-Román Javier , Talero Elena , Rodríguez-Luna Azahara , García-Mauriño Sofía , Motilva Virginia 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDiet and nutritional factors have emerged as possible interventions for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which are characterised by chronic uncontrolled inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. Microalgal species are a promising source of n-3 PUFA and derived oxylipins, which are lipid mediators with a key role in the resolution of inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of an oxylipin-containing lyophilised biomass from Chlamydomonas debaryana on a recurrent 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis mice model. Moderate chronic inflammation of the colon was induced in BALB/c mice by weekly intracolonic instillations of low dose of TNBS. Administration of the lyophilised microalgal biomass started 2 weeks before colitis induction and was continued throughout colitis development. Mice were killed 48 h after the last TNBS challenge. Oral administration of the microalgal biomass reduced TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation, evidenced by an inhibition of body weight loss, an improvement in colon morphology and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17. This product also down-regulated colonic expressions of inducible nitric oxide, cyclo-oxygenase 2 and NF-κB, as well as increased PPAR-γ. In addition, lyophilised microalgal biomass up-regulated the expressions of the antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 and the target gene heme oxygenase 1. This study describes for the first time the prophylactic effects of an oxylipin-containing lyophilised microalgae biomass from C. debaryana in the acute phase of a recurrent TNBS-induced colitis model in mice. These findings suggest the potential use of this microalga, or derived oxylipins, as a nutraceutical in the treatment of IBD.
The creation of age-friendly environments is especially important to frail older people
Authors: CRAMM JANE M. , VAN DIJK HANNA M. , NIEBOER ANNA P. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe preference of older people when it comes to ageing in place may be modified by levels of frailty. The aim of this research is to characterise the relationship between frailty and ageing in place, and to identify differences in neighbourhood characteristics supporting ageing in place missed by frail and non-frail older people. A concurrent nested mixed-methods approach was used. For quantitative evaluation, a sample of 945 independently living older adults residing in four districts of Rotterdam were asked to complete a questionnaire in 2013 (response rate = 62%; N = 558). In addition, 32 interviews were conducted with frail and non-frail older people. Results showed that gender, age and especially frailty were related to missed neighbourhood characteristics. People displayed awareness of their increasing frailty and often acknowledged that it increased the need for neighbourhood characteristics enabling them to age in place. We can conclude that dependence on neighbourhoods varies with frailty status. This relationship is dynamic; with frailty, older people become more dependent on their neighbourhood. However, expectations regarding neighbourhood characteristics seem to dissipate with advanced age and increasing frailty.
Parenting and adolescents’ psychological adjustment: Longitudinal moderation by adolescents’ genetic sensitivity
Authors: Stocker Clare M. , Masarik April S. , Widaman Keith F. , Reeb Ben T. , Boardman Jason D. , Smolen Andrew , Neppl Tricia K. , Conger Katherine J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe examined whether adolescents’ genetic sensitivity, measured by a polygenic index score, moderated the longitudinal associations between parenting and adolescents’ psychological adjustment. The sample included 323 mothers, fathers, and adolescents (177 female, 146 male; Time 1 [T1] average age = 12.61 years, SD = 0.54 years; Time 2 [T2] average age = 13.59 years, SD = 0.59 years). Parents’ warmth and hostility were rated by trained, independent observers using videotapes of family discussions. Adolescents reported their symptoms of anxiety, depressed mood, and hostility at T1 and T2. The results from autoregressive linear regression models showed that adolescents’ genetic sensitivity moderated associations between observations of both mothers’ and fathers’ T1 parenting and adolescents’ T2 composite maladjustment, depression, anxiety, and hostility. Compared to adolescents with low genetic sensitivity, adolescents with high genetic sensitivity had worse adjustment outcomes when parenting was low on warmth and high on hostility. When parenting was characterized by high warmth and low hostility, adolescents with high genetic sensitivity had better adjustment outcomes than their counterparts with low genetic sensitivity. The results support the differential susceptibility model and highlight the complex ways that genes and environment interact to influence development.
Why do Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Professionals Leave EMS?
Authors: Blau Gary , Chapman Susan A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to determine why Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)-Basics and Paramedics leave the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) workforce.MethodsData were collected through annual surveys of nationally registered EMT-Basics and Paramedics from 1999 to 2008. Survey items dealing with satisfaction with the EMS profession, likelihood of leaving the profession, and likelihood of leaving their EMS job were assessed for both EMT-Basics and Paramedics, along with reasons for leaving the profession. Individuals whose responses indicated that they were not working in EMS were mailed a special exit survey to determine the reasons for leaving EMS.ResultsThe likelihood of leaving the profession in the next year was low for both EMT-Basics and Paramedics. Although overall satisfaction levels with the profession were high, EMT-Basics were significantly more satisfied than Paramedics. The most important reasons for leaving the profession were choosing to pursue further education and moving to a new location. A desire for better pay and benefits was a significantly more important reason for EMT-Paramedics’ exit decisions than for EMT-Basics.ConclusionsGiven the anticipated increased demand for EMS professionals in the next decade, continued study of issues associated with retention is strongly recommended. Some specific recommendations and suggestions for promoting retention are provided.BlauG,ChapmanSA.Why do Emergency Medical Services (EMS) professionals leave EMS?Prehosp Disaster Med.2016;31(Suppl.1):s105–s111.
Effects of a community-based nutrition promotion programme on child feeding and hygiene practices among caregivers in rural Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Kang Yunhee , Suh Youn Kyoung , Debele Lemma , Juon Hee-Soon , Christian Parul 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based participatory nutrition promotion (CPNP) programme involving a 2-week group nutrition session in improving child feeding and hygiene practices among caregivers.DesignCluster randomized trial. In the intervention area (six clusters), the CPNP programme was added to the context of government nutrition programmes; the control area (six clusters) received the government programme only. Child feeding practices were assessed every 3 months using a 24 h dietary recall questionnaire, and hand washing with soap was assessed every 6 months, over a period of 12 months. Feeding and hygiene measures at each visit were scored and the scores summed up for the entire follow-up period.SettingHabro and Melka Bello districts, Ethiopia.SubjectsRandomly selected mothers with a child aged 6–12 months (n1790).ResultsA total of 1199 mothers, 629 in the control and 570 in the intervention areas, were assessed at all visits and included in the analysis. Mothers in the intervention area showed higher scores than those in the control area regarding meal frequency (difference: 1·04, 95 % CI 0·35, 1·73), composite feeding score_1 (difference: 1·25, 95 % CI 0·37, 2·13; a summing score of currently breast-feeding, meal frequency and dietary diversity) and composite feeding score_2 (difference: 1·40, 95 % CI 0·49, 2·32; a summing score of meal frequency and dietary diversity). However, there were no differences in the scores of breast-feeding, dietary diversity and hand washing between the two areas (allP>0·05).ConclusionsThe CPNP programme was effective in improving some child feeding behaviours in rural Eastern Ethiopia.
Development and validation of a nutrition knowledge questionnaire for a Canadian population
Authors: Bradette-Laplante Maude , Carbonneau Élise , Provencher Véronique , Bégin Catherine , Robitaille Julie , Desroches Sophie , Vohl Marie-Claude , Corneau Louise , Lemieux Simone 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to develop and validate a nutrition knowledge questionnaire in a sample of French Canadians from the province of Quebec, taking into account dietary guidelines.DesignA thirty-eight-item questionnaire was developed by the research team and evaluated for content validity by an expert panel, and then administered to respondents. Face validity and construct validity were measured in a pre-test. Exploratory factor analysis and covariance structure analysis were performed to verify the structure of the questionnaire and identify problematic items. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were evaluated through a validation study.SettingOnline survey.SubjectsSix nutrition and psychology experts, fifteen registered dietitians (RD) and 180 lay people participated.ResultsContent validity evaluation resulted in the removal of two items and reformulation of one item. Following face validity, one item was reformulated. Construct validity was found to be adequate, with higher scores for RDv. non-RD (21·5 (sd2·1)v. 15·7 (sd3·0) out of 24,P<0·001). Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the questionnaire contained only one factor. Covariance structure analysis led to removal of sixteen items. Internal consistency for the overall questionnaire was adequate (Cronbach’sα=0·73). Assessment of test–retest reliability resulted in significant associations for the total knowledge score (r=0·59,P<0·001).ConclusionsThis nutrition knowledge questionnaire was found to be a suitable instrument which can be used to measure levels of nutrition knowledge in a Canadian population. It could also serve as a model for the development of similar instruments in other populations.