bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 12‐month follow‐up study on the preventive effect of oral lansoprazole on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Xiong Wei , Zhang Quan‐san , Zhao Wei , Ding Wei , Liu Jin‐ming , Zhao Yun‐feng 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of oral administration of lansoprazole on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with COPD in groups C and D in the stable phase were stratified into a group with neither gastroesophageal reflux nor lansoprazole therapy (group A) and a group subjected to oral lansoprazole therapy (group B1) and a group not subjected to oral lansoprazole therapy (group B2). The frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (FSSG) questionnaire, COPD assessment test (CAT) questionnaire, pulmonary function test and the 6‐minute walk test were applied; in addition, arterial blood gas, white blood cell (WBC), hs‐CRP, liver function and the levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α and GM‐CSF in sputum were monitored during follow‐up. In the 12‐month follow‐up period, the frequency of exacerbation in group B2 was statistically higher than that in groups A and B1 (P < 0.05). After a 3‐month follow‐up, the score of groups A and B1 in the FSSG questionnaire was significantly lower than that of group B2 (P < 0.05). After the 1‐year follow‐up, the CAT score, FEV1, 6‐min walk test, the total number of WBC, hs‐CRP, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, pH of the arterial blood, PaO2, PaCO2 and the levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α and GM‐CSF in the sputum were statistically different in group B2 compared with groups A and B1 (P < 0.05). Oral lansoprazole therapy decreased the frequency of acute exacerbation of COPD by alleviating gastroesophageal reflux and lowering the levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α and GM‐CSF in the sputum.
Ontogenetic changes in diet and related morphological adaptations in Ocypode gaudichaudii
Authors: Lim Shirley S.L. , Yong Adeline Y.P. , Christy John H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThere are conflicting reports as to whether Ocypode gaudichaudii individuals switch from carnivory as juveniles to deposit‐feeding primarily on diatoms as adults, or whether they expand diet range and become omnivorous with maturity. At the onset of deposit‐feeding, crabs develop specialized claws with truncated ends that they use to shovel sediment during foraging. Eighty‐eight crabs were collected from Culebra Island (Republic of Panama) to study how the diet of this crab shifts with changes in claw shape, mouthpart proportions, and setation, as well as gastric mill width. Forty‐four crabs had identifiable material in their foreguts: 30 had animal material, 12 had diatoms, and two had a mix of both. There were no differences between the gastric mill, mandibles, and the proximal endites of the first maxillipeds of predators and deposit‐feeders, but extra rows of plumose setae were present on the second maxilliped of deposit‐feeding crabs with carapace length (CL) >10.6 mm. All individuals with CL <12.3 mm and non‐truncated claws ate animals, but those with larger CL and truncated claws had animal, diatom, or mixed diets; hence, claw truncation does not restrict the crab's diet to diatoms but, instead, broadens the diet to include both animals and diatoms. Perhaps this is a strategy to balance the economics of foraging on animals and diatoms on medium to low‐energy beaches that lack the larger invertebrates that adults of other species of ghost crabs eat. More generally, our study shows that specialized feeding structures need not imply a narrow or specialist diet.
A comparison of methods to estimate genomic relationships using pedigree and markers in livestock populations
Authors: Forneris N.S. , Steibel J.P. , Legarra A. , Vitezica Z.G. , Bates R.O. , Ernst C.W. , Basso A.L. , Cantet R.J.C. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryAccurate prediction of breeding values depends on capturing the variability in genome sharing of relatives with the same pedigree relationship. Here, we compare two approaches to set up genomic relationship matrices for precision of genomic relationships (GR) and accuracy of estimated breeding values (GEBV). Real and simulated data (pigs, 60k SNP) were analysed, and GR were estimated using two approaches: (i) identity by state, corrected with either the observed (GVR‐O) or the base population (GVR‐B) allele frequencies and (ii) identity by descent using linkage analysis (GIBD‐L). Estimators were evaluated for precision and empirical bias with respect to true pedigree IBD GR. All three estimators had very low bias. GIBD‐L displayed the lowest sampling error and the highest correlation with true genome‐shared values. GVR‐B approximated GIBD‐L's correlation and had lower error than GVR‐O. Accuracy of GEBV for selection candidates was significantly higher when GIBD‐L was used and identical between GVR‐O and GVR‐B. In real data, GIBD‐L's sampling standard deviation was the closest to the theoretical value for each pedigree relationship. Use of pedigree to calculate GR improved the precision of estimates and the accuracy of GEBV.
The ‘Leap’ from Coordination to Harmonization in Social Policy: Labour Mobility and Occupational Pensions in Europe
Authors: Guardiancich Igor 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Supplementary Pension Rights Directive, legislated in 2014, represents a leap from minimum co‐ordination of social security rights to minimal harmonization, thereby facilitating the portability of occupational pensions across the EU. The Lisbon Treaty, which relaxed the voting requirements in the Council, accelerated its adoption. In the ‘shadow of the vote’, opponents (mainly continental CMEs) abandoned the defence of the status quo for less exacting legislation. The majority of Member States instead understood that consensus was necessary to appease the domestic concerns of countries like Germany and to strengthen their negotiating position vis‐à‐vis the Parliament. Despite the inevitable watering‐down, the final law modifies domestic pension arrangements across the EU, thereby benefiting mobile workers. The implications are twofold. First, political economists should take into account the growing European influence on domestic pension policy‐making. Second, the extension of QMV to sensitive areas of social policy will probably enhance overall harmonization.
Practitioner Review: Treatments for Tourette syndrome in children and young people – a systematic review
Authors: Whittington Craig , Pennant Mary , Kendall Tim , Glazebrook Cristine , Trayner Penny , Groom Madeleine , Hedderly Tammy , Heyman Isobel , Jackson Georgina , Jackson Stephen , Murphy Tara , Rickards Hugh , Robertson Mary , Stern Jeremy , Hollis Chris 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundTourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD) affect 1–2% of children and young people, but the most effective treatment is unclear. To establish the current evidence base, we conducted a systematic review of interventions for children and young people.MethodsDatabases were searched from inception to 1 October 2014 for placebo‐controlled trials of pharmacological, behavioural, physical or alternative interventions for tics in children and young people with TS or CTD. Certainty in the evidence was assessed with the GRADE approach.ResultsForty trials were included [pharmacological (32), behavioural (5), physical (2), dietary (1)]. For tics/global score there was evidence favouring the intervention from four trials of α2‐adrenergic receptor agonists [clonidine and guanfacine, standardised mean difference (SMD) = −0.71; 95% CI −1.03, −0.40; N = 164] and two trials of habit reversal training (HRT)/comprehensive behavioural intervention (CBIT) (SMD = −0.64; 95% CI −0.99, −0.29; N = 133). Certainty in the effect estimates was moderate. A post hoc analysis combining oral clonidine/guanfacine trials with a clonidine patch trial continued to demonstrate benefit (SMD = −0.54; 95% CI −0.92, −0.16), but statistical heterogeneity was high. Evidence from four trials suggested that antipsychotic drugs improved tic scores (SMD = −0.74; 95% CI −1.08, −0.40; N = 76), but certainty in the effect estimate was low. The evidence for other interventions was categorised as low or very low quality, or showed no conclusive benefit.ConclusionsWhen medication is considered appropriate for the treatment of tics, the balance of clinical benefits to harm favours α2‐adrenergic receptor agonists (clonidine and guanfacine) as first‐line agents. Antipsychotics are likely to be useful but carry the risk of harm and so should be reserved for when α2‐adrenergic receptor agonists are either ineffective or poorly tolerated. There is evidence that HRT/CBIT is effective, but there is no evidence for HRT/CBIT alone relative to combining medication and HRT/CBIT. There is currently no evidence to suggest that the physical and dietary interventions reviewed are sufficiently effective and safe to be considered as treatments.
Autonomic arousal in children of parents with and without social anxiety disorder: a high‐risk study
Authors: Nikolić Milica , de Vente Wieke , Colonnesi Cristina , Bögels Susan M. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveAutonomic hyperarousal in social situations is considered a genetic vulnerability factor for social anxiety disorder (SAD), but so far it is unstudied in children at risk for developing SAD. We examined autonomic activity during socially stressful tasks in children of mothers and fathers with and without lifetime SAD to reveal possible biological mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of SAD.MethodsOne hundred ten children aged 4.5 years were asked to sing a song in front of an audience and watch back their performance in the presence of that audience. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), electrodermal activity (EDA), and blushing (cheek blood flow and temperature) were measured in anticipation of, during, and after the tasks. Both parents’ lifetime SAD status was assessed, and both parents reported about their own and their child's social anxiety symptoms.ResultsChildren of parents with lifetime SAD blushed more during the socially challenging tasks than children of parents without SAD. Moreover, children of parents with more social anxiety symptoms showed increased EDA throughout the tasks. Finally, more blushing, increased EDA, and reduced HRV were associated with greater child social anxiety.ConclusionsThis study adds to the current knowledge on the intergenerational transmission of SAD by providing evidence that children at risk for SAD are characterized by excessive blushing in socially challenging situations. The findings also demonstrate that heightened autonomic activity is a characteristic of social anxiety already during early childhood. Hence, autonomic hyperarousal, and blushing in particular, is likely to play an etiological role in the development of SAD.
Factors differentiating callous‐unemotional children with and without conduct problems
Authors: Wall Tina D. , Frick Paul J. , Fanti Kostas A. , Kimonis Eva R. , Lordos Alexandros 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundCallous‐unemotional (CU) traits are a risk factor for a severe, aggressive, and persistent pattern of conduct problems (CP). This study investigated characteristics that might differentiate children with elevated CU traits with and without CP in an effort to identify factors that may reduce the risk for CP in children with limited prosocial emotions.MethodsUtilizing a sample of 1,366 children from Cyprus, five groups were identified for further study based on latent profile analysis: low‐risk (67.2%), high‐CP/low‐CU (7.9%), high‐CU (9.4%), moderate‐CP/CU (8.4%), and high‐CP/CU (7.2%). The identified groups were compared on behavioral and social measures.ResultsThere were significant main effects of group for: impulsivity and executive functioning; parenting; and connectedness to school. The high‐CU group had significantly lower hyperactivity‐impulsivity and executive functioning deficits, significantly higher self‐regulation, and their mothers reported more maternal involvement and positive parenting than those in the high‐CP/CU group. Also, the high‐CU group showed more school connectedness than those in the high‐CP/CU group.ConclusionsThese findings highlight several factors in the child and in his or her social environment that are associated with CU traits in the absence of serious CP and that may suggest targets for intervention for youth who may lack prosocial emotions.
Short‐term effects of a computer‐based nutritional nursing training program for inpatient hospital care
Authors: Westergren Albert , Edfors Ellinor , Norberg Erika , Stubbendorff Anna , Hedin Gita , Wetterstrand Martin , Hagell Peter 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRationaleThis study aimed to explore whether a computer‐based training in eating and nutrition for hospital nursing staff can influence the precision in nutritional treatment and care.MethodA pre‐intervention and post‐intervention study was conducted with a cross‐sectional design at each time point. The settings were one intervention (IH) and two control hospitals (CH1 and CH2). Hospital inpatients >18 years old at baseline (2012; n = 409) and follow‐up (2014; n = 456) were included. The computer‐based training was implemented during a period of 3 months in the IH with 297 (84%) participating registered nurses and nurse assistants. Nutritional risk was screened for using the Minimal Eating Observation and Nutrition Form. Nutritional treatment and care was recorded using a standardized protocolResultsIn the IH, there was an increase in the share of patients at UN risk that received energy‐dense food (+16.7%) and dietician consultations (+17.3%) between baseline and follow‐up, while fewer received feeding assistance (−16.2%). There was an increase in the share of patients at UN risk that received energy‐dense food (+19.5%), a decrease in oral nutritional supplements (‐30.5%) and food‐registrations (−30.6%) in CH1, whereas there were no changes in CH2. ‘Overtreatment’ (providing nutritional treatment to those not at UN risk) was significantly higher in CH2 (52.7%) than in CH1 (14.3%) and in the IH (25.2%) at follow‐up.ConclusionThe computer‐based training seemed to increase the probability for patients at UN risk in the IH to receive nutritional treatment without increasing overtreatment.
Reassortant betanodavirus infection in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
Authors: Souto S , Olveira J G , Dopazo C P , Bandín I 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this study, the susceptibility of turbot juveniles to two betanodavirus strains was assessed, a RGNNV/SJNNV reassortant (Ss160.03) and a SJNNV strain. The reassortant isolate exhibits a slightly modified SJNNV CP, with two amino acid substitutions in the C‐terminal domain (positions 247 and 270). To analyse the role of these residues as virulence and host determinants in turbot, three recombinant strains (rSs160.03247, rSs160.03270, rSs160.03247+270) harbouring site‐specific mutations in the CP sequence were also tested in experimental trials. Moderate mortalities (up to 50%) were recorded at 18 °C in the fish challenged with the Ss160.03 strain, whereas low mortalities (17%) were observed in the group challenged with the SJNNV strain. A slight decrease (around 10%) was observed in the mortalities caused by the mutants rSs160.03247 and rSs160.03270, whilst the mutation of both positions reduced mortality by more than half of that observed in fish challenged with the wild strain. These results are confirmed by the replication in brain tissues, because whereas the wild strain was detected from 5 to 30 dpi and reached the highest viral load, the recombinant virus harbouring both mutations was not detected in the brain until 20 dpi and with a moderate viral load.
The epidemiology of pancreas disease in salmonid aquaculture: a summary of the current state of knowledge
Authors: Jansen M D , Bang Jensen B , McLoughlin M F , Rodger H D , Taksdal T , Sindre H , Graham D A , Lillehaug A 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPancreas disease (PD) is a viral disease caused by Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) that affects farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)) in the seawater phase. Since its first description in Scotland in 1976, a large number of studies have been conducted relating to the disease itself and to factors contributing to agent spread and disease occurrence. This paper summarizes the currently available, scientific information on the epidemiology of PD and its associated mitigation and control measures. Available literature shows infected farmed salmonids to be the main reservoir of SAV. Transmission between seawater sites occurs mainly passively by water currents or actively through human activity coupled with inadequate biosecurity measures. All available information suggests that the current fallowing procedures are adequate to prevent agent survival within the environment through the fallowing period and thus that a repeated disease outbreak at the same site is due to a new agent introduction. There has been no scientific evaluation of currently used on‐site biosecurity measures, and there is limited information on the impact of available mitigation measures and control strategies.
The experiences of chronically ill patients and registered nurses when they negotiate patient care in hospital settings: a feminist poststructural approach
Authors: Griscti Odette , Aston Megan , Martin‐Misener Ruth , Mcleod Deborah , Warner Grace 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to understand the experiences of chronically ill patients and registered nurse in negotiating patient care in hospital. Specifically, we explored how social and institutional discourses shaped power relations and negotiation of patient care.BackgroundCurrent literature indicates that although nurses embrace this notion, such partnerships are not easily implemented. Most existing studies focus on the role of the nurse as the leader of the partnership with little attention paid to how social and institutional values, beliefs and practices shape nurse/patient power relations; or how these relationships are negotiated between nurses and patients.DesignThe theoretical and methodological approaches used in this study are based on the precepts of Foucault and feminist poststructural theorists.MethodsIn depth interviews were conducted with eight chronically ill patients and 10 registered nurses.ResultsBoth nurses and patients commented about the relationships that develop between nurses and chronically ill patients and how these relationships facilitate negotiation of patient care. Both parties described challenging moments and how institutional discourses may hinder positive negotiations of care. In this paper we highlight three themes that emerged: getting to know each other, they are not the sickest patients and finding time to listen.ConclusionsThis study offers an innovative way of unpacking negotiation of care between chronically ill patients and registered nurses. It exposes how social and institutional discourses play a pivotal role in shaping negotiations between nurses and chronically ill patients.Relevance to clinical practiceNegotiating care with chronically ill patients is not as asymmetric as portrayed in some of the literature and tends to be based on mutual agreements between nurses and patients. Nurses make it a point to listen to patients’ needs and resist institutional discourses that preclude them from spending time with patients.
A structured framework improves clinical patient assessment and nontechnical skills of early career emergency nurses: a pre–post study using full immersion simulation
Authors: Munroe Belinda , Curtis Kate , Murphy Margaret , Strachan Luke , Considine Julie , Hardy Jennifer , Wilson Mark , Ruperto Kate , Fethney Judith , Buckley Thomas 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the new evidence‐informed nursing assessment framework HIRAID (History, Identify Red flags, Assessment, Interventions, Diagnostics, reassessment and communication) on the quality of patient assessment and fundamental nontechnical skills including communication, decision making, task management and situational awareness.BackgroundAssessment is a core component of nursing practice and underpins clinical decisions and the safe delivery of patient care. Yet there is no universal or validated system used to teach emergency nurses how to comprehensively assess and care for patients.DesignA pre–post design was used.MethodsThe performance of thirty eight emergency nurses from five Australian hospitals was evaluated before and after undertaking education in the application of the HIRAID assessment framework. Video recordings of participant performance in immersive simulations of common presentations to the emergency department were evaluated, as well as participant documentation during the simulations. Paired parametric and nonparametric tests were used to compare changes from pre to postintervention.ResultsFrom pre to postintervention, participant performance increases were observed in the percentage of patient history elements collected, critical indicators of urgency collected and reported to medical officers, and patient reassessments performed. Participants also demonstrated improvement in each of the four nontechnical skills categories: communication, decision making, task management and situational awareness.ConclusionThe HIRAID assessment framework improves clinical patient assessments performed by emergency nurses and has the potential to enhance patient care.Relevance to clinical practiceHIRAID should be considered for integration into clinical practice to provide nurses with a systematic approach to patient assessment and potentially improve the delivery of safe patient care.
Motivators and barriers for HIV testing among men who have sex with men in Sweden
Authors: Persson Kristina Ingemarsdotter , Berglund Torsten , Bergström Jakob , Eriksson Lars E , Tikkanen Ronny , Thorson Anna , Forsberg Birger C 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore motivators and barriers to HIV testing and to assess the factors associated with testing among men who have sex with men.BackgroundPrevious research has considered fear, worries and structural barriers as hindrances to HIV testing among men who have sex with men. However, few studies have included assessments of actual HIV testing when exploring barriers or motivators for such testing.DesignThe design of the study was a stratified cross‐sectional online survey (n = 2373).MethodFactor analysis was conducted to analyse the barriers and motivators for HIV testing. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess predictors for HIV testing.ResultsMany men who have sex with men test for HIV regularly, and specific reasons for testing were having unprotected sex or starting/ending a relationship. A lack of awareness and a perception of being at low risk for exposure were common reasons for never being tested. Fear and anxiety as well as barriers related to the use of test services remain important hindrances for testing. Predictors associated with having been tested within the past 12 months were: younger age (15–25 years old compared with 47+); knowledge on where to take an HIV test on short notice as well as having talked with a counsellor, having received condoms for free, or having had unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners within the last 12 months.ConclusionEasily accessible test services offering testing and counselling on short notice should be available for all men who have sex with men. Outreach activities, distribution of free condoms and testing at venues where men who have sex with men meet are important prevention add‐ons that can contribute to increased awareness about HIV and testing.Relevance to clinical practiceTest services must ensure confidentiality and health care professionals who meet men who have sex with men for testing need competency with regards to men who have sex with men sexual health needs.