bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density‐dependent reproduction and pollen limitation in an invasive milkweed, Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. (Apocynaceae)
Authors: Menge Enock O. , Greenfield Michele Lisa , McConchie Cameron A. , Bellairs Sean M. , Lawes Michael J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCalotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. (Apocynaceae), an invasive woody milkweed, has expanded its range in northern Australia affecting rangeland and pastoral productivity. While self‐compatibility should enhance the species range expansion, spread of C. procera is limited by the availability of larger wasp and bee species that are able to vector its solid pollinia. Pollination efficiency is thus likely dependent on both pollinator abundance and plant density. Calotropis procera flowers year round in Australia but fruiting is limited to the warm months of the year when pollinators are most abundant, indicating that seasonal regulation of reproduction may be due to pollinator limitation. We examine the propositions that C. procera reproduction is regulated by the interaction between plant population density and pollinator pressure and that low pollinator pressure causes low per capita plant fecundity. All pollinators belonged to Order Hymenoptera and pollinator composition was similar at six of the seven sites. Fruit production per plant (fecundity) was lower above and below intermediate densities (350–550 plants ha−1) of flowering plants with evidence of a weak Allee effect at lower plant density. Pollinator visitation rates per plant were low at high and low plant densities, and greatest at intermediate densities, while pollen supplementation experiments showed that C. procera is pollen limited (Pollen Limitation Indexfruit = 0.9) even at intermediate densities. Pollen limitation caused by low pollinator pressure at low plant densities and pollinator satiation at high plant densities may account for these fruit production trends. Management should be conducted in the colder months when pollinator pressure is low and plants are not reproducing. In addition, where stand eradication cannot be achieved in one attempt, management should reduce flowering plants to below intermediate densities where the fecundity per plant is low.
Hepatocyte Concentrations of Indocyanine Green Reflect Transfer Rates Across Membrane Transporters
Authors: Cusin Fabien , Fernandes Azevedo Liliana , Bonnaventure Pierre , Desmeules Jules , Daali Youssef , Pastor Catherine M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPerioperative imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) is developing to increase safety in dissecting anatomical structures during hepatobiliary surgery. Images obtained with the fluorescence camera rely on concentrations measured in liver regions of interest. However, how ICG sinusoidal uptake and hepatocyte elimination rates generate ICG hepatocyte concentrations is largely unknown. To investigate such issue and better understand the role of membrane transporters in generating ICG hepatocyte concentrations, we perfused ICG in livers isolated from normal livers. Whether the well‐known transporter inhibitor rifampicin modifies hepatocyte ICG concentrations was also studied. The dye has a very high and constant extraction ratio (96%) into hepatocytes. This persistent high extraction ratio generates a huge uphill concentration gradient across the sinusoidal membrane: from 5 μM (sinusoids) to 1600 μM (liver). When inside hepatocytes, ICG has low hepatocyte elimination (7 nmol/min.) and liver concentrations do not decrease much over time. Moreover, the tiny hepatocyte ICG efflux is mainly due to ICG return back to sinusoids (90%). Rifampicin slightly inhibits ICG uptake into hepatocytes and when inside hepatocytes blocks ICG efflux into bile canaliculi. In contrast, it increases ICG efflux back to sinusoids with significant decrease in ICG liver concentrations. Imaging with ICG in the perioperative period reflects the high hepatocyte concentrations and relies on the high extraction ratio across hepatocyte sinusoidal membrane. Although ICG concentrations are low in bile ducts, they are adequate for a good visualization and avoid bile duct injury.
Diet selection at three spatial scales: Implications for conservation of an endangered Hawaiian tree snail
Authors: Price Melissa R. , O'Rorke Richard , Amend Anthony S. , Hadfield Michael G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSeveral recent studies suggest local adaptation in multiple taxa across Hawaii's steep environmental gradients. Restoration efforts in devastated tropical island ecosystems may be deficient if we lack an understanding of the interactions and dependencies in communities that occur along these gradients. Endangered Hawaiian tree snails are part of a snail–epiphyte–plant system where they graze fungi and other microbes on the leaf surface, a process difficult to observe using conventional techniques. Tree snails have undergone catastrophic decline due to introduced predators, removal by shell collectors, and human‐influenced habitat degradation. Prior to this study, little was known about the relationship among tree‐snails, their host plants, and the epiphytic microbes on which they feed. In this study, we identified scale‐dependent selection of substrates in Achatinella sowerbyana and Achatinella lila across the species’ ranges. We assessed: (1) within‐plant diet selection using high‐throughput DNA sequencing (micro‐scale); (2) among‐plant selection of tree host species (small‐scale); (3) and the influence of climate on this system (macro‐scale). Selection of substrates occurred at two scales: fungal communities in fecal samples differed in composition from those available on leaf surfaces; and at all sites, snail occurrence on Metrosideros polymorpha, a foundational forest plant, was significantly higher than expected based on availability. Habitat restoration efforts should focus on out‐planting of M. polymorpha, the preferred snail host tree, in degraded habitat. Fungal differences across sites suggest relocation efforts to predator‐free enclosures may be hindered by microbial shifts associated with geographic distance or differing environments.
Florivory and floral larceny by fly larvae decrease nectar availability and hummingbird foraging visits at Heliconia (Heliconiaceae) flowers
Authors: Missagia Caio C. C. , Alves Maria Alice S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractInsect larvae inhabit the corolla tubes of some Heliconia species (Heliconiaceae). In this study, we present the first evidence of the influence of these larvae on the pollination ecology of Heliconia plants. We provide experimental evidence that the flowers of Heliconia spathocircinata infested by flies have less nectar for pollinators and received fewer visits by hummingbird pollinators, in comparison with uninfested flowers.
Age-related alterations in immune responses to West Nile virus infection
Authors: Montgomery R R 
Published: September 2016

SummaryWest Nile virus (WNV) is the most important causative agent of viral encephalitis worldwide and an important public health concern in the United States due to its high prevalence, severe disease, and the absence of effective treatments. Infection with WNV is mainly asymptomatic, but some individuals develop severe, possibly fatal, neurological disease. Individual host factors play a role in susceptibility to WNV infection, including genetic polymorphisms in key anti-viral immune genes, but age is the most well-defined risk factor for susceptibility to severe disease. Ageing is associated with distinct changes in immune cells and a decline in immune function leading to increased susceptibility to infection and reduced responses to vaccination. WNV is detected by pathogen recognition receptors including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which show reduced expression and function in ageing. Neutrophils, monocyte/macrophages and dendritic cells, which first recognize and respond to infection, show age-related impairment of many functions relevant to anti-viral responses. Natural killer cells control many viral infections and show age-related changes in phenotype and functional responses. A role for the regulatory receptors Mertk and Axl in blood–brain barrier permeability and in facilitating viral uptake through phospholipid binding may be relevant for susceptibility to WNV, and age-related up-regulation of Axl has been noted previously in human dendritic cells. Understanding the specific immune parameters and mechanisms that influence susceptibility to symptomatic WNV may lead to a better understanding of increased susceptibility in elderly individuals and identify potential avenues for therapeutic approaches: an especially relevant goal, as the world's populating is ageing.
General, but not myeloid or type II lung epithelial cell, myeloid differentiation factor 88 deficiency abrogates house dust mite induced allergic lung inflammation
Authors: Anas A A , Yang J , Daan de Boer J , Roelofs J J T H , Hou B , de Vos A F , van der Poll T 
Published: September 2016

Summary
Asthma is a highly prevalent chronic allergic inflammatory disease of the airways affecting people worldwide. House dust mite (HDM) is the most common allergen implicated in human allergic asthma. HDM-induced allergic responses are thought to depend upon activation of pathways involving Toll-like receptors and their adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). We sought here to determine the role of MyD88 in myeloid and type II lung epithelial cells in the development of asthma-like allergic disease using a mouse model. Repeated exposure to HDM caused allergic responses in control mice characterized by influx of eosinophils into the bronchoalveolar space and lung tissue, lung pathology and mucus production and protein leak into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. All these responses were abrogated in mice with a general deficiency of MyD88 but unaltered in mice with MyD88 deficiency, specifically in myeloid or type II lung epithelial cells. We conclude that cells other than myeloid or type II lung epithelial cells are responsible for MyD88-dependent HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation.
Effect of prosthetic restoration on implant survival and success
Authors: Rammelsberg Peter , Lorenzo‐Bermejo Justo , Kappel Stefanie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of prosthetic restoration on the survival of implants and on the incidence of implant‐related complications.Material and methodsFrom a prospectively documented clinical study, 1569 implants placed in 630 patients (mean age 59.56 years) were evaluated. Selection criteria were a conventional loading protocol, prosthetic restoration with at least one follow‐up, and a minimum observation period of 9 months. Implants that failed before prosthetic restoration were excluded. The sample included 1345 tissue‐level implants and 104 bone‐level implants (Straumann), and 120 Replace implants (Nobel Biocare). The observation period ranged between 9 months and 11 years after prosthetic restoration (mean 4.0 years; SD 2.5). The implants were restored with single crowns (n = 557), fixed dental prostheses (n = 594), or removable dental prostheses (RDP) (n = 418). In the RDP group, 356 implants were restored with telescoping crowns, 22 with bar units 24 with bar joints, and 16 with locator attachments. The incidence of implant‐related complications and failures was analyzed by use of Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Cox regression analysis was used to identify possible risk factors.ResultsTwenty‐seven failures (1.8%; loosened or removed implants) were observed after prosthetic restoration; the incidence of failure was 3% for implants placed in males and 1% for implants placed in females. Other factors had no effect on the incidence of failure. Peri‐implantitis (n = 29) and marginal bone loss >2 mm without acute inflammation (n = 6) also resulted in a 4% incidence of severe implant‐related complications (62 of 1569; success 96%). Cox regression analysis revealed combined tooth–implant‐supported restorations as a significant risk‐reducing factor for severe implant‐related complications (hazard ratio, HR = 0.34; P = 0.04). There was, furthermore, a tendency toward a greater incidence of complications for implants restored with RDPs than for single crowns (P = 0.08). Other factors, for example location (anterior/posterior, maxilla/mandible), age, sex, or implant placement combined with bone augmentation, had no significant effect on the incidence of implant‐related complications (P values ranging between 0.16 and 0.94).ConclusionsThe type of support has a small but significant effect on implant prognosis. For detailed analysis of the effects of loading by different types of prosthetic restoration, larger sample sizes are required.
Ear health and hearing surveillance in girls and women with Turner's syndrome: recommendations from the Turner's Syndrome Support Society
Authors: Kubba H. , Smyth A. , Wong S.C. , Mason A. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundTurner's syndrome (TS) is a common chromosomal disorder, affecting one in 2000 newborn girls, in which part or all of one X chromosome is missing. Ear and hearing problems are very common in girls and women with TS. The aim of this review was to review the published literature to suggest recommendations for otological health surveillance.MethodA keyword search of Ovid Medline was performed for published literature on the subject and evidence rated according to the GRADE criteria.ResultsMiddle ear disorders are very common and persistent in girls and women with TS as are progressive sensorineural hearing loss and balance disorders.ConclusionsOtolaryngologists should be aware of the high prevalence and challenging nature of all forms of ear disease in individuals with TS. Early intervention may offer benefits to health and education, and we advocate routine lifelong annual hearing screening in this group.
Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on liver enzymes in obstructive sleep apnea: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Li‐Da , Lin Li , Zhang Liang‐Ji , Zeng Hui‐Xue , Wu Qi‐Yin , Hu Miao‐Feng , Xie Jian‐Jun , Liu Jian‐Nan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the impact of OSA treatment using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on liver enzymes remained controversial. This meta‐analysis was conducted to determine whether CPAP therapy could reduce liver enzyme levels.MethodsTwo reviewers independently searched PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase and Web of Science before December 2015. Information on characteristics of subjects, study design and pre‐ and post‐CPAP treatment of serum ALT and AST was extracted for analysis. A total of five studies with seven cohorts that included 192 patients were pooled into meta‐analysis.ResultsCPAP was associated with a statistically significant decrease on both ALT and AST levels in OSA patients (WMD = 8.036, 95% CI = 2.788–13.285, z = 3.00, P = .003 and WMD = 4.612, 95% CI = 0.817–8.407, z = 2.38, P = .017, respectively). Subgroup analyses indicated that CPAP therapy was more effective in OSA patients with treatment duration > 3 mo (WMD = 12.374, 95% CI = 2.727–22.020, z = 2.51, P = .012 for ALT and WMD = 7.576, 95% CI = 1.781–13.370, z =2.56, P = .010 for AST).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis suggested that CPAP was associated with a statistically significant decrease on liver enzymes in OSA patients. Further large‐scale well‐designed RCTs with long‐term follow‐up are required to clarify this issue.
Sola Scriptura—A Hermeneutical Impossibility and a Doctrinal Necessity: Twenty‐One Theses
Authors: Henriksen Jan‐Olav 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe following theses represent an attempt to delineate some of the contemporary basic conditions for maintaining the use of the sola Scriptura in the Lutheran churches. This must, I argue, be done without using it as a means for ignoring other types of information and experience than that which is contained in the Scriptures. I argue that sola Scriptura formulates what is necessary for salvation, but cannot be used to delineate or present all information that is necessary to live in the contemporary world and interpret all contemporary experience.
The Holy Spirit, Eco‐Justice, and an African Lutheran Response to Ecological Peril
Authors: Lugazia Faith K. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn response to the environmental degradation that is taking place right now in much of Africa—and in light of a traditional African emphasis on interdependence—this article seeks to provide an African Lutheran “eco‐pneumatological” contribution to the ongoing conversation about eco‐justice. To do so, it draws on classic Lutheran understandings of creation and grace, even as it calls for a more expanded—and more deeply biblical—understanding of the Holy Spirit's presence and activity throughout all of creation.
Social carry‐over effects underpin trans‐seasonally linked structure in a wild bird population
Authors: Firth Josh A. , Sheldon Ben C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSpatial structure underpins numerous population processes by determining the environment individuals' experience and which other individuals they encounter. Yet, how the social landscape influences individuals' spatial decisions remains largely unexplored. Wild great tits (Parus major) form freely moving winter flocks, but choose a single location to establish a breeding territory over the spring. We demonstrate that individuals' winter social associations carry‐over into their subsequent spatial decisions, as individuals breed nearer to those they were most associated with during winter. Further, they also form territory boundaries with their closest winter associates, irrespective of breeding distance. These findings were consistent across years, and among all demographic classes, suggesting that such social carry‐over effects may be general. Thus, prior social structure can shape the spatial proximity, and fine‐scale arrangement, of breeding individuals. In this way, social networks can influence a wide range of processes linked to individuals' breeding locations, including other social interactions themselves.
The effect of dental bleaching on pulpal tissue response in a diabetic animal model
Authors: Cintra L. T. A. , Ferreira L. L. , Benetti F. , Gastélum A. A. , Gomes‐Filho J. E. , Ervolino E. , Briso A. L. F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate pulpal tissue response after dental bleaching in normal and alloxan‐induced diabetic rats.MethodologyTwenty‐eight rats were divided into two groups of normoglycaemic and diabetic rats (n = 14). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced with alloxan. After DM confirmation, all rats were anaesthetized and dental bleaching was performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the right maxillary molars for 30 min. Left molars were used as controls. Bleaching resulted in four hemimaxillae groups: normoglycaemic (N), N‐bleached (NBle), diabetic (D) and D‐bleached (DBle). After 2 or 30 days, the animals were euthanized and the hemimaxillae were removed, processed for histopathological analysis and stained with haematoxylin–eosin (HE), Masson's trichrome (MT) and picrosirius red (PSR). Results obtained within animals (normoglycaemic or diabetic rats) were submitted to Wilcoxon or paired t‐tests, and between animal (normoglycaemic and diabetic rats), to Mann–Whitney test or t‐tests.ResultsAt 2 days, the NBle group had a mild inflammatory infiltration in the pulpal tissue, whilst the DBle had severe inflammation or necrosis (P < 0.05). At 30 days, no inflammation was present. However, a significant difference in pulp chamber area reduction by reactionary dentine deposition was found between the NBle and DBle groups (P < 0.05). At 2 days, fewer immature collagen fibres and more mature collagen fibres were noted in the NBle, D and DBle groups; this was significantly different when compared to the N group (P < 0.05). At 30 days, significantly fewer immature collagen fibres and more mature collagen fibres were noted in NBle compared with DBle group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe inflammatory tissue response in rats’ teeth after dental bleaching was greater in diabetic rats. Additionally, the increase in reactionary dentine deposition and mature collagen fibres observed in diabetic rats needs further evaluation to confirm the present results.
The Essence of Dynamic Capabilities and their Measurement
Authors: Laaksonen Ola , Peltoniemi Mirva 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe growing popularity of explaining firm performance through dynamic capabilities has motivated plenty of conceptual development in the field. However, empirical approaches to measuring dynamic capabilities have so far not been under comprehensive scrutiny. The authors; purpose is to assess the extent to which different ways of measuring dynamic capabilities in quantitative studies correspond to the theoretical essence of the concept, and develop recommendations for future research. They find that four types of operationalizations have been used: (1) managers’ evaluations; (2) financial data; (3) company's experience, actions and performance; and (4) managers’ or employees’ experience, actions and performance. Based on their analysis, the authors provide eight recommendations for future research that relate to identifying ordinary and dynamic capabilities, avoiding common method bias, taking into account the quality and fitness rather than the quantity of dynamic capabilities, and acknowledging the cumulativeness of dynamic capabilities through the use of longitudinal data. They conclude that refining the dynamic capability operationalizations would help to formulate competing hypotheses and to increase the theoretical precision of the field.
Providing prostate cancer survivorship care in Japan: Implications from the USA care model
Authors: Osawa Takahiro , Wittmann Daniela , Jimbo Masahito , Keller Evan T , Namiki Shunichi , Abe Takashige , Shinohara Nobuo , Skolarus Ted A 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDespite an increasing number of prostate cancer survivors in Japan, the current delivery of prostate cancer survivorship care is insufficient and lacks a multidisciplinary approach. We carried out a study to characterize prostate cancer survivorship care in Japan, examine the Japanese workforce available to deliver survivorship care, introduce a conceptual framework for survivorship and identify opportunities to improve Japanese survivorship care. We systematically searched PubMed for prostate cancer survivorship care studies, including those from Japan. We also searched the internet for prostate cancer guidelines relevant to survivorship care. We found 392 articles, of which 71 were relevant, read in detail and reported here. In Japan, survivorship care is mostly provided by urologists. Primary care as a specialty does not exist in Japan, and there are no independent nurse practitioners or physician assistants to assist with survivorship care. Japanese quality of life studies characterize the long‐term effects of prostate cancer treatment, but routine use of patient‐reported outcomes is not common in Japan. In the USA, in light of a growing comprehensive awareness of challenges facing survivors and their providers, the American Cancer Society prostate cancer survivorship care guidelines serve as a tool for optimizing the management of long‐term treatment effects and coordination of care. In order to deliver high‐quality survivorship care in Japan, urologists need to establish collaborations with other disciplines within the delivery system. A multidisciplinary guideline for prostate cancer survivorship care in Japan appears warranted.