bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiometric Characteristics of the Broadband Radiometer (BBR) Instrument for the EarthCARE Mission
Authors: Caldwell Martin E. , Spilling David A. V. , Delderfield John , Ward Kim , Whalley Martin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Broadband Radiometer (BBR) is one of a suite of instruments to be flown on the Earth Clouds, Aerosol and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) space mission. Its role is to make broadband measurements of Earth radiance in terms of reflected solar radiation and emitted thermal infrared radiation for use with the other EarthCARE instruments for the study of Earth atmosphere processes. The Broadband Radiometer has its design based on the principles and heritage of previous instruments for studying the earth radiation budget (ERB). The radiometer has common features with those instruments: two measurement bands—shortwave (solar energy of 0.25–4 µm) and total wave (0.25 to >50 µm)—with a longwave band (thermal emission of 4 to >50 µm) being obtained by subtraction of the two measured bands. Multiple simultaneous views of Earth at three different view angles are used to account for angular variations in radiance. The radiometer requires an accuracy of 1% in each band, similar to those of the previous instruments, and detailed calibration measurements on ground and in orbit. This paper describes the instrument calibration algorithms and the corresponding requirements on the ground calibration of the flight instrument prior to launch. It includes a description of the main methods to be used and the error sources to be controlled, based on the design heritage and analysis results of the previous ERB instruments.
Sea Surface Wind Correction Using HF Ocean Radar and Its Impact on Coastal Wave Prediction
Authors: Hisaki Yukiharu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBoth wind speeds and wind directions are important for predicting wave heights near complex coastal areas, such as small islands, because the fetch is sensitive to the wind direction. High-frequency (HF) radar can be used to estimate sea surface wind directions from first-order scattering. A simple method is proposed to correct sea surface wind vectors from reanalysis data using the wind directions estimated from HF radar. The constraints for wind speed corrections are that the corrections are small and that the corrections of horizontal divergences are small. A simple algorithm for solving the solution that minimizes the weighted sum of the constraints is developed. Another simple method is proposed to correct sea surface wind vectors. The constraints of the method are that corrections of wind vectors and horizontal divergences from the reanalysis wind vectors are small and that the projection of the corrected wind vectors to the direction orthogonal to the HF radar–estimated wind direction is small. The impact of wind correction on wave parameter prediction is large in the area in which the fetch is sensitive to wind direction. The accuracy of the wave prediction is improved by correcting the wind in that area, where correction of wind direction is more important than correction of wind speeds for the improvement. This method could be used for near-real-time wave monitoring by correcting forecast winds using HF radar data.
Tornado Damage Rating Probabilities Derived from WSR-88D Data
Authors: Thompson Richard L. , Smith Bryan T. , Grams Jeremy S. , Dean Andrew R. , Picca Joseph C. , Cohen Ariel E. , Leitman Elizabeth M. , Gleason Aaron M. , Marsh Patrick T. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Previous work with observations from the NEXRAD (WSR-88D) network in the United States has shown that the probability of damage from a tornado, as represented by EF-scale ratings, increases as low-level rotational velocity increases. This work expands on previous studies by including reported tornadoes from 2014 to 2015, as well as a robust sample of nontornadic severe thunderstorms [≥1-in.- (2.54 cm) diameter hail, thunderstorm wind gusts ≥ 50 kt (25 m s−1), or reported wind damage] with low-level cyclonic rotation. The addition of the nontornadic sample allows the computation of tornado damage rating probabilities across a spectrum of organized severe thunderstorms represented by right-moving supercells and quasi-linear convective systems. Dual-polarization variables are used to ensure proper use of velocity data in the identification of tornadic and nontornadic cases. Tornado damage rating probabilities increase as low-level rotational velocity Vrot increases and circulation diameter decreases. The influence of height above radar level (or range from radar) is less obvious, with a muted tendency for tornado damage rating probabilities to increase as rotation (of the same Vrot magnitude) is observed closer to the ground. Consistent with previous work on gate-to-gate shear signatures such as the tornadic vortex signature, easily identifiable rotation poses a greater tornado risk compared to more nebulous areas of cyclonic azimuthal shear. Additionally, tornado probability distributions vary substantially (for similar sample sizes) when comparing the southeast United States, which has a high density of damage indicators, to the Great Plains, where damage indicators are more sparse.
On the Dependency of the Situation of Elderly Persons Requiring Care upon Mortality and Migration in Germany. Results of Demographic Projections
Authors: Heigl Andreas , Rosenkranz Doris 
Published: June 2017

After almost 20 years of reform discussions in Germany, a new political regulation came into force on 1 January 1995, in order to substantiate requiring care—elderly primary care ( Pflegeversicherung). The demographic development in Germany represents one point of reference for considerations on how to finance and legally regulate such a validation. The number of persons requiring care at all ages in Germany is estimated to have presently reached about 1.65 million. Thus, as far as the general population is concerned, requiring care does not represent a serious risk. However, with growing age the need for care does become a “typical” situation in life: about ten per cent of persons aged over 65 were in need of care in 1993, and one third of those aged over 80.
Ultimate Limit States of Space Reticular Structures with Random Behaviour Elements
Authors: Tegola Antonio La 
Published: June 2017

In this paper we will carry out an analysis of the ultimate limit state of space reticular structures built of bars with random imperfections of a geometrical kind. Reference is first made to structures that are optimized through an analytic procedure based on the minimization of the volumes of those bars, which, in collapsing, transform the structure into a mechanism. An analysis of simulated structures is hence carried out. Such an analysis allows to define the distribution of collapse multipliers, from which it is possible to determine the collapse multiplier of the structure.
Reinforced Concrete Double-Layer Grid Slabs
Authors: Ben-Arroyo Abraham 
Published: June 2017

In reinforced concrete buildings, the floor and roof construction are the major components of the structural system. In order to reduce dead weight and improve the total behaviour of the system, a new double-layer grid slab concept has been developed and tested. The proposed new method uses upper and lower thin layers of concrete connected by inclined ribs and thus creating a two-way space structure configuration.
Attentional bias scores in patients with depression and effects of age: a controlled, eye-tracking study
Authors: Lu Shengfu , Xu Jiying , Li Mi , Xue Jia , Lu Xiaofeng , Feng Lei , Fu Bingbing , Wang Gang , Zhong Ning , Hu Bin 
Published: June 2017

Objective To compare the attentional bias of depressed patients and non-depressed control subjects and examine the effects of age using eye-tracking technology in a free-viewing set of tasks. Methods Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and non-depressed control subjects completed an eye-tracking task to assess attention of processing negative, positive and neutral facial expressions. In this cross-sectional study, the tasks were separated in two types (neutral versus happy faces and neutral versus sad faces) and assessed in two age groups (‘young’ [18–30 years] and ‘middle-aged’ [31–55 years]). Results Compared with non-depressed control subjects ( n = 75), patients with MDD ( n = 90) had a significant reduced positive attentional bias and enhanced negative attentional bias irrespective of age. The positive attentional bias in ‘middle-aged’ patients with MDD was significantly lower than in ‘young’ patients, although there was no difference between the two age groups in negative attentional bias. Conclusions These results confirm that there are emotional attentional biases in patients with MDD and that positive attentional biases are influenced by age.
The Open Society and Its New Enemies
Authors: Lee Han Goo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper elaborates on two classical theories of “Open Society,” i.e. Henri Bergson's and Karl Popper's. It outlines their differences, qualities, and limits. It provides some suggestions about the new enemies of open society in a globalized world, that these new enemies are identified in fanaticism which appears as religious fundamentalism, closed nationalism and political populism. Open society is characterized by the critical use of reason, freedom and tolerance.
Impaired Renal Function Secondary to Gentamicin — Identifying the Special Risk Patient
Authors: Hoffmann Richard P. , Mood Darlene W. 
Published: June 2017

Although gentamicin has been commercially available since 1969, reports concerning the incidence of nephrotoxicity from this drug and variables relating to this toxicity are still unclear and conflicting. In view of this, a prospective study of patients receiving gentamicin over a two month period was undertaken to determine the incidence of nephrotoxicity and to study the influence of several variables on the potential for developing gentamicin associated nephrotoxicity. The variables studied were patient's age; the total grams of gentamicin received; the total number of days the patient received gentamicin with a hemoglobin of less than 12 g%; sex; total days duration of therapy; hemoglobin prior to therapy; hematocrit prior to therapy; red blood cell count prior to therapy; albumin level prior to therapy; and if the patient received another potentially nephrotoxic drug concomitantly with gentamicin. Sixty patients in total were studied. However, in the “toxic” and “nontoxic” grouping process, seventeen patients were excluded from the study due to missing variables. Of the remaining sample, ten patients were classified as “toxic” and thirty-three were classified as “nontoxic.” Thus the incidence of nephrotoxicity was at least 10/60 or 16.7 percent. The data relating to the variables identified were analysed utilizing Chi-square, t-test, and multiple regression analyses. Two variables were found to be highly significant in relationship to the development of nephrotoxicity while receiving gentamicin therapy. These were (1) the albumin level prior to therapy (lower albumin level in the “toxic” group) and (2) the concomitant use of another potentially nephrotoxic drug. The mechanism behind the influence of albumin on gentamicin toxicity is unclear, but may be related to protein binding. The basis for nephrotoxicity relating to combined use of nephrotoxic drugs is probably additive or synergistic toxicity but this is also unclear. Until larger prospective studies concerning gentamicin associated nephrotoxicity provide more meaningful information concerning the significance of the variables involved in this adverse reaction, caution is recommended when using this drug in the albumin deficient patient or in combination with nephrotoxic drugs. In addition, it is further recommended that in patients receiving gentamicin, renal function should be closely monitored and the dosage regimen determined accordingly.
Preliminary profiling of blood transcriptome in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Braga D , Barcella M , D’Avila F , Lupoli S , Tagliaferri F , Santamaria MH , DeLano FA , Baselli G , Schmid-Schönbein GW , Kistler EB , Aletti F , Barlassina C 
Published: June 2017

Hemorrhagic shock is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Significant blood loss may lead to decreased blood pressure and inadequate tissue perfusion with resultant organ failure and death, even after replacement of lost blood volume. One reason for this high acuity is that the fundamental mechanisms of shock are poorly understood. Proteomic and metabolomic approaches have been used to investigate the molecular events occurring in hemorrhagic shock but, to our knowledge, a systematic analysis of the transcriptomic profile is missing. Therefore, a pilot analysis using paired-end RNA sequencing was used to identify changes that occur in the blood transcriptome of rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock after blood reinfusion. Hemorrhagic shock was induced using a Wigger’s shock model. The transcriptome of whole blood from shocked animals shows modulation of genes related to inflammation and immune response (Tlr13, Il1b, Ccl6, Lgals3), antioxidant functions (Mt2A, Mt1), tissue injury and repair pathways (Gpnmb, Trim72) and lipid mediators (Alox5ap, Ltb4r, Ptger2) compared with control animals. These findings are congruent with results obtained in hemorrhagic shock analysis by other authors using metabolomics and proteomics. The analysis of blood transcriptome may be a valuable tool to understand the biological changes occurring in hemorrhagic shock and a promising approach for the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Impact statement This study provides the first pilot analysis of the changes occurring in transcriptome expression of whole blood in hemorrhagic shock (HS) rats. We showed that the analysis of blood transcriptome is a useful approach to investigate pathways and functional alterations in this disease condition. This pilot study encourages the possible application of transcriptome analysis in the clinical setting, for the molecular profiling of whole blood in HS patients.
Posterior hip approach yields better functional results vis-à-vis anterolateral approach in total hip arthroplasty for patients with severe hip dysplasia: A prospective randomized controlled clinical study
Authors: Çatma Faruk Mehmet , Öztürk Alper , Ünlü Serhan , Ersan Önder , Altay Murat 
Published: June 2017

Objectives: We aimed to compare functional outcomes of two common hip approaches for patients with severe hip dysplasia in total hip replacement (THR) surgery. Materials and methods: Seventy hips of 68 patients randomized into two groups with regard to hip approach as posterior (group I) and anterolateral (group II). All patients underwent THR surgery with femoral shortening osteotomy. The groups were compared for operation time, preoperative and 6 months after abductor muscle strengths (AMSs), gait disorders, union time of the osteotomied site and dislocation rates. Results: There were two early dislocations in group I, and two early and one late dislocations in group II. No significant difference was observed regarding hip dislocations. Mean union time of the osteotomied site was 113.9 ± 51 days in group I while 111.1 ± 29.3 days in group II ( p = 0.774). Six months after surgery, group I had higher AMS than group II ( p < 0.0001). More patients in group II had Trendelenburg gait pattern ( p = 0.043), while no difference was observed regarding antalgic and deviated gait patterns between groups. Conclusion: THR surgery for patients with severe developmental dysplasia of hip is a challenging procedure, and posterior approach provides better functional outcomes regarding gait and AMSs.
KLF1 drives the expression of fetal hemoglobin in British HPFH
Authors: Wienert Beeke , Martyn Gabriella E. , Kurita Ryo , Nakamura Yukio , Quinlan Kate G. R. , Crossley Merlin 
Published: June 2017

Key Points
Introduction of the British HPFH mutation into the fetal globin promoter in a human cell model causes elevated fetal globin expression. The British HPFH mutation creates a de novo binding site both in vitro and in vivo for the potent erythroid activator KLF1.
DNMT3A and TET2 dominate clonal hematopoiesis and demonstrate benign phenotypes and different genetic predispositions
Authors: Buscarlet Manuel , Provost Sylvie , Zada Yassamin Feroz , Barhdadi Amina , Bourgoin Vincent , Lépine Guylaine , Mollica Luigina , Szuber Natasha , Dubé Marie-Pierre , Busque Lambert 
Published: June 2017

Key Points
Somatic mutations driving clonal hematopoiesis occur mainly in DNMT3A and TET2 and have no significant impact on hematological phenotypes. There is a familial predisposition to acquire TET2 mutation.
Towards a complete generic‐level plastid phylogeny of the paleotropical woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)
Authors: Zhou Meng-Yuan , Zhang Yu-Xiao , Haevermans Thomas , Li De-Zhu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPaleotropical woody bamboos (PWB) are phylogenetically and taxonomically intractable. Because previous studies included deficient samples or lacked informative characters for tree construction, phylogenetic relationships within the PWB remain incompletely resolved. This study presents the most extensively sampled phylogeny of the PWB with 18 plastid regions and a sample of 144 (35%) ingroup species representing 40 (85%) genera and 8 outgroup species. Results confirmed Melocanninae as the earliest diverging lineage from the rest of the group, and Hickeliinae (including Nastus s.str.) and Racemobambosinae are separately placed within the PWB. Bambusinae is phylogenetically heterogeneous and consists of the Dinochloa-Greslania-Mullerochloa-Neololeba-Sphaeroambos (DGMNS) assemblage, Temburongia simplex, and the core Bambusinae. The core Bambusinae may be redefined to include a basal grade, which contains Kinabaluchloa, Holttumochloa, Bonia, Neomicrocalamus, Temochloa, Soejatmia and an unidentified taxon, and the Bambusa-Dendrocalamus-Gigantochloa (BDG) complex. The BDG complex is extremely diverse in morphology and is subdivided into six subclades. Within the Melocanninae, Davidsea, Neohouzeaua and Ochlandra are closely related to Schizostachyum. Phylogenetic relationships are mostly supported by morphological and geographical evidence. In addition, novel interpretations are provided in the redelimitation of some taxa.
РАЗЛИЧИЯ МОРАЛИ, ГРУППОВОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ И ИЗМЕНЯЕМОСТИ ЛИЧНОСТИ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: Kolinichenko Irina Aleksandrobna 
Published: June 2017

Цель. Статья посвящена изучению различий морального развития и категорий идентичности у молодых людей, различающихся по уровню завершенности образования.Метод. Изучение моральных различий проводилось нами с использованием метода дилемм, предложенных Л. Колбергом в модификации, а категорий идентичности при помощи методики М. Кун «Тест двадцати утверждений» также в модификации. Статистический анализ значимых различий между средними значениями проводился с помощью U-критерия Манна-Уитни пакета Statistica for Windows 8.Результаты. Результаты исследования выявили доминирование всех выделенных параметров оценки в группе испытуемых с незаконченным высшим образованием: более высокий уровень морального развития по всем дилеммам (противопоставлении ценностей жизни (сострадания) и следования закону, личной выгоды – интересов города (закона), бизнеса (выгоды) и закона, личных интересов (карьеры) и свободы другого человека) кроме дилеммы о противопоставлении интересов большинства и одного человека. Также выявились различия между двумя группами испытуемых по групповой идентичности, групповой изменяемости, желательности общих категорий идентичности.
Sexual dysfunction among women with type 2 diabetes and its relationship with well-being, anxiety and depression
Authors: Klocek Joanna , Ostasz- Ważny Joanna , Krzyczkowska-Bokwa Ewa , Freeman Clevenger Sharon , Kokoszka Andrzej 
Published: June 2017

Aim of the studyTo examine whether Polish women with type 2 diabetes suffer from sexual dysfunction/dissatisfaction, and if so, to investigate the connection between the severity of sexual problems and well-being, anxiety and depression in this group of women.Subject or material and methodsWe surveyed 60 women aged 42-72 years old, M = 59.25 (SD = 9.14). The study was based on the following questionnaires: the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX), Sexological Questionnaire Part B, the WHO-5 Well-Being Index, the Brief Self-Rating Scale of Depression and Anxiety.ResultsA total of 75% (N = 45) of the respondents complained of the absence of orgasm (anorgasmia), 63.3% (N = 38) showed a lack or loss of sexual desire, and 50% (N = 30) had no genital response to sexual stimuli and/or experienced sexual aversion. There was also no significant relationship between wellbeing, the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and the severity of sexual dysfunction.DiscussionThe current study has significant limitations due to the small number of participants and the lack of a pair matched control group. Our findings indicate higher frequency of SD than other studies. The differences should be interpreted with caution and it would be important to confirm these results in future studies, with a larger group of participants.ConclusionsPolish women with type 2 diabetes commonly have symptoms of sexual dysfunction. Well-being, depressive and anxiety symptoms appear to co-occur with symptoms of sexual dysfunctions.
Closing the Productivity Gap: Improving Worker Productivity Through Public Relative Performance Feedback and Validation of Best Practices
Authors: Song Hummy , Tucker Anita L. , Murrell Karen L. , Vinson David R. 
Published: June 2017

Public relative performance feedback (RPF) on an individual worker’s productivity metrics is used in various organizations with the hopes of improving worker productivity, but its effects are not well understood. We examine whether public RPF could be leveraged to facilitate adoption of best practices in an organization by enabling the validation of best practices shared by identifiable top performers. We use data from two emergency departments, both of which shared best practices for improving productivity and one of which changed from privately to publicly disclosing RPF to physicians. The public disclosure of RPF allowed workers to identify their top-performing coworkers, which in turn enabled the identification and validation of best practices within the work group. We find that the intervention is associated with a 10.9% improvement in physician productivity. We also find evidence for a significant reduction in variation in productivity across providers, which stems from bottom-ranked workers exhibiting differentially large improvements in productivity. These effects hold without sacrificing system-level performance, service quality, or worker attrition. Our results suggest that public disclosure of RPF, along with the validation of the best practices being shared, can improve worker productivity.The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2745 .This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.