bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the Optimal Protocol for Automated Office Blood Pressure Measurement Among Patients With Treated Hypertension
Authors: Moore Myles N , Schultz Martin G , Nelson Mark R , Black J Andrew , Dwyer Nathan B , Hoban Ella , Jose Matthew D , Kosmala Wojciech , Przewlocka-Kosmala Monika , Zachwyc Jowita , Otahal Petr , Picone Dean S , Roberts-Thomson Philip , Veloudi Panagiota , Sharman James E 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Automated office blood pressure (AOBP) involving repeated, unobserved blood pressure (BP) readings during one clinic visit is recommended for in-office diagnosis and assessment of hypertension. However, the optimal AOBP protocol to determine BP control in the least amount of time with the fewest BP readings is yet to be determined and was the aim of this study.

METHODS
One hundred and eighty-nine patients (mean age 62.8 ± 12.1 years; 50.3% female) with treated hypertension referred to specialist clinics at 2 sites underwent AOBP in a quiet room alone. Eight BP measurements were taken starting immediately after sitting and then at 2-minute intervals (15 minutes total). The optimal AOBP protocol was defined by the smallest mean difference and highest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) compared with daytime ambulatory BP (ABP). The same BP device (Mobil-o-graph, IEM) was used for both AOBP and daytime ABP.

RESULTS
Average 15-minute AOBP and daytime ABP were 134 ± 22/82 ± 13 and 137 ± 17/83 ± 11 mm Hg, respectively. The optimal AOBP protocol was derived within a total duration of 6 minutes from the average of 2 measures started after 2 and 4 minutes of seated rest (systolic BP: mean difference (95% confidence interval) 0.004(−2.21, 2.21) mm Hg, P = 1.0; ICC = 0.81; diastolic BP: mean difference 0.37(−0.90, 1.63) mm Hg, P = 0.57; ICC = 0.86). AOBP measures taken after 8 minutes tended to underestimate daytime ABP (whether as a single BP or the average of more than 1 BP reading).

CONCLUSIONS
Only 2 AOBP readings taken over 6 minutes (excluding an initial reading immediately after sitting) may be needed to be comparable with daytime ABP.
Gromov–Witten Theory of $\text{K3} \times {\mathbb{P}}^1$ and Quasi-Jacobi Forms
Authors: Oberdieck Georg 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Let $S$ be a K3 surface with primitive curve class $\beta$. We solve the relative Gromov–Witten theory of $S \times {\mathbb{P}}^1$ in classes $(\beta,1)$ and $(\beta,2)$. The generating series are quasi-Jacobi forms and equal to a corresponding series of genus $0$ Gromov–Witten invariants on the Hilbert scheme of points of $S$. This proves a special case of a conjecture of Pandharipande and the author. The new geometric input of the paper is a genus bound for hyperelliptic curves on K3 surfaces proven by Ciliberto and Knutsen. By exploiting various formal properties we find that a key generating series is determined by the very first few coefficients. Let $E$ be an elliptic curve. As collorary of our computations, we prove that Gromov–Witten invariants of $S \times E$ in classes $(\beta,1)$ and $(\beta,2)$ are coefficients of the reciprocal of the Igusa cusp form. We also calculate several linear Hodge integrals on the moduli space of stable maps to a K3 surface and the Gromov–Witten invariants of an abelian threefold in classes of type $(1,1,d)$.
Stellar feedback strongly alters the amplification and morphology of galactic magnetic fields
Authors: Su Kung-Yi , Hayward Christopher C , Hopkins Philip F , Quataert Eliot , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Kereš Dušan 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Using high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic simulations of idealized, non-cosmological galaxies, we investigate how cooling, star formation and stellar feedback affect galactic magnetic fields. We find that the amplification histories, saturation values and morphologies of the magnetic fields vary considerably depending on the baryonic physics employed, primarily because of differences in the gas density distribution. In particular, adiabatic runs and runs with a subgrid (effective equation of state) stellar feedback model yield lower saturation values and morphologies that exhibit greater large-scale order compared with runs that adopt explicit stellar feedback and runs with cooling and star formation but no feedback. The discrepancies mostly lie in gas denser than the galactic average, which requires cooling and explicit fragmentation to capture. Independent of the baryonic physics included, the magnetic field strength scales with gas density as B ∝ n2/3, suggesting isotropic flux freezing or equipartition between the magnetic and gravitational energies during the field amplification. We conclude that accurate treatments of cooling, star formation and stellar feedback are crucial for obtaining the correct magnetic field strength and morphology in dense gas, which, in turn, is essential for properly modelling other physical processes that depend on the magnetic field, such as cosmic ray feedback.
The effect of photoionizing feedback on star formation in isolated and colliding clouds
Authors: Shima Kazuhiro , Tasker Elizabeth J , Federrath Christoph , Habe Asao 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We investigate star formation occurring in idealized giant molecular clouds, comparing structures that evolve in isolation versus those undergoing a collision. Two different collision speeds are investigated and the impact of photoionizing radiation from the stars is determined. We find that a colliding system leads to more massive star formation both with and without the addition of feedback, raising overall star formation efficiencies (SFE) by a factor of 10 and steepening the high-mass end of the stellar mass function. This rise in SFE is due to increased turbulent compression during the cloud collision. While feedback can both promote and hinder star formation in an isolated system, it increases the SFE by approximately 1.5 times in the colliding case when the thermal speed of the resulting H ii regions matches the shock propagation speed in the collision.
Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound for Early-Stage Lumbar Spondylolysis in Young Athletes
Authors: Tsukada Masahiro , Takiuchi Toshiro , Watanabe Kota 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To examine the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on early-stage spondylolysis in young athletes.

Design:
Case–control study.

Setting:
A single outpatient orthopedic and sports clinic.

Patients:
A total of 82 young athletes (80 boys and 2 girls; mean age, 14.8 years; range, 10-18 years) with early-stage lumbar spondylolysis were enrolled in this study. All patients were examined by plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Interventions:
Patients received either standard conservative treatment combined with LIPUS (n = 35) or without LIPUS (n = 47), according to the sequence of admission. The standard conservative treatment included thoracolumbosacral brace, sports modification, and therapeutic exercise.

Main Outcome Measures:
The time required to return to previous sports activities was analyzed by using Kaplan–Meier methods with the log-rank test.

Results:
The baseline parameters of both groups were not significantly different. The median time to return to previous sports activities was 61 days [95% confidence interval (CI): 58-69 days] in the group treated with LIPUS, which was significantly shorter than that of the group treated without LIPUS (167 days, 95% CI: 135-263 days; P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
These results suggest that LIPUS combined with conservative treatment for early-stage lumbar spondylolysis in young athletes could be a useful therapy for quick return to playing sports.
A Fresh Perspective on a Familiar Problem
Authors: Karmarkar Taruja D. , Maurer Anne , Parks Michael L. , Mason Thomas , Bejinez-Eastman Ana , Harrington Melvyn , Morgan Randall , O’Connor Mary I. , Wood James E. , Gaskin Darrell J. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Disparities in the presentation of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and in the utilization of treatment across sex, racial, and ethnic groups in the United States are well documented.

Objectives:
We used a Markov model to calculate lifetime costs of knee OA treatment. We then used the model results to compute costs of disparities in treatment by race, ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic status.

Research Design:
We used the literature to construct a Markov Model of knee OA and publicly available data to create the model parameters and patient populations of interest. An expert panel of physicians, who treated a large number of patients with knee OA, constructed treatment pathways. Direct costs were based on the literature and indirect costs were derived from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.

Results:
We found that failing to obtain effective treatment increased costs and limited benefits for all groups. Delaying treatment imposed a greater cost across all groups and decreased benefits. Lost income because of lower labor market productivity comprised a substantial proportion of the lifetime costs of knee OA. Population simulations demonstrated that as the diversity of the US population increases, the societal costs of racial and ethnic disparities in treatment utilization for knee OA will increase.

Conclusions:
Our results show that disparities in treatment of knee OA are costly. All stakeholders involved in treatment decisions for knee OA patients should consider costs associated with delaying and forgoing treatment, especially for disadvantaged populations. Such decisions may lead to higher costs and worse health outcomes.
A taxogenomics approach uncovers a new genus in the phylum Placozoa
Authors: Eitel Michael , Francis Warren R. , Osigus Hans-Jürgen , Krebs Stefan , Vargas Sergio , Blum Helmut , Williams Gray A. , Schierwater Bernd , Wörheide Gert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Placozoa [1] is a monotypic phylum of non-bilaterian marine animals. Its only species,Trichoplax adhaerens, was described in 1883 [2], Despite the worldwide distribution of placozoans [3–6], morphological differences are lacking among isolates from different geographic areas and, consequently, no other species in this phylum has been described and accepted for more than 130 years. However, recent single-gene studies on the genetic diversity of this “species” have revealed deeply divergent lineages of, as yet, undefined taxonomic ranks [3,5,6], Since single genes are not considered sufficient to define species [7], a whole nuclear genome comparison appears the most appropriate approach to determine relationships between placozoan lineages. Such a “taxogenomics” approach can help discover and diagnose potential additional species and, therefore, develop a much-needed, more robust, taxonomic framework for this phylum. To achieve this we sequenced the genome of a placozoan lineage isolated from Hong Kong (lineage H13), which is distantly related toT. adhaerens[6]. The 87 megabase genome assembly contains 12,010 genes. Comparison to theT. adhaerensgenome [8] identified an average protein distance of 24.4% in more than 2,700 screened one-to-one orthologs, similar to levels observed between the chordate classes mammals and birds. Genome rearrangements are commonplace and >25% of genes are not collinear (i.e. they are not in the same order in the two genomes). Finally, a multi-gene distance comparison with other non-bilaterian phyla indicate genus level differences toT. adhaerens. These data highlight the large genomic diversity within the Placozoa and justifies the designation of lineage HI3 as a new species,Xxxxxxxxx yyyyyyyyyyyyy1gen. et spaec. nov., now the second described placozoan species and the first in a new genus. Phylogenomic analyses furthermore supports a robust placement of the Placozoa as sister to a cnidarian-bilaterian clade.
ATP-induced asymmetric pre-protein folding: a driver of protein translocation?
Authors: Corey Robin A. , Allen William J. , Collinson Ian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe transport of proteins across membranes is a fundamental and essential process, achieved in every cell by the ‘Sec’ translocon. In prokaryotes, SecYEG associates with the motor protein SecA to carry out ATP-driven pre-protein secretion – a vital step in the biogenesis of most periplasmic, outer membrane and secreted proteins. Structural data of the SecA-SecYEG complex has provided considerable insight into underlying mechanism of this process. Previously, we have proposed a Brownian ratchet model for protein translocation, whereby the free energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis favours the progression of pre-protein across the membrane from the cytosol toward the outside [Allen, Corey et al. eLife 2016]. Here, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulation of a SecA-SecYEG complex engaged with preprotein to further address the mechanism underlying this process. The data describe pre-protein secondary structure formation within the channel, which exhibits a nucleotide-dependent asymmetry between the cytoplasmic and exterior cavities. The results suggest ATP-dependent pre-protein transport is partly driven by pre-protein secondary structure formation. The model previously described, and refined here, could easily be adapted for the transport of proteins across various other membranes, such as the endoplasmic reticular and mitochondrial inner membranes.
The optimization of mRNA expression level by its intrinsic properties—insights from codon usage pattern and structural stability of mRNA
Authors: Victor Manish P , Acharya Debarun , Begum Tina , Ghosh Tapash C 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe deviation from the uniform usage of synonymous codons is termed codon usage bias. A lot has been explained from the translational viewpoint for the observed phenomenon. To understand codon usage bias from the transcriptional perspective, we present here a holistic picture of this phenomenon inSaccharomyces cerevisiae, using both wild type and computationally mutated mRNAs. Although in wild type, both codon usage bias and mRNA stability positively regulate the gene (mRNA) expression level and are positively correlated with each other, any deviation from natural situation breaks such equilibrium. Computational examination of mRNA sequences with different sets of synonymous codon composition reveals that in mutated condition, the mRNA expression becomes reduced. Furthermore, constraining codon usage pattern to wild type and carrying out randomization of codons resulted in less stable mRNA. Further, we realized a Boolean Expression explaining the gene expression under various conditions of bias and mRNA stability. These studies suggest that selection of codons is favored for regulation of gene expression through potential formation of messenger RNA structures which contribute to folding stability. The naturally occurring codon composition is responsible for optimization of gene expression, and under such composition, the mRNA structure having highest stability is selected by nature.
Phase-tuned neuronal firing encodes human contextual representations for navigational goals
Authors: Watrous Andrew J , Miller Jonathan , Qasim Salman E , Fried Itzhak , Jacobs Joshua 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that the phase of oscillations modulates neural activity representing categorical information using human intracranial recordings and high-frequency activity from local field potentials (Watrous et al., 2015b). We extend these findings here using human single-neuron recordings during a navigation task. We identify neurons in the medial temporal lobe with firing-rate modulations for specific navigational goals, as well as for navigational planning and goal arrival. Going beyond this work, using a novel oscillation detection algorithm, we identify phase-locked neural firing that encodes information about a person’s prospective navigational goal in the absence of firing rate changes. These results provide evidence for navigational planning and contextual accounts of human MTL function at the single-neuron level. More generally, our findings identify phase-coded neuronal firing as a component of the human neural code.
Low-dimensional and monotonic preparatory activity in mouse anterior lateral motor cortex
Authors: Inagaki Hidehiko K. , Inagaki Miho , Romani Sandro , Svoboda Karel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNeurons in multiple brain regions fire trains of action potentials anticipating specific movements, but this ‘preparatory activity’ has rarely been compared across behavioral tasks in the same brain region. We compared preparatory activity in auditory and tactile delayed-response tasks, with directional licking as the output. The anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM) is necessary for motor planning in both tasks. Multiple features of ALM preparatory activity during the delay epoch were similar across tasks. First, majority of neurons showed direction-selective activity and spatially intermingled neurons were selective for either movement direction. Second, many cells showed mixed coding of sensory stimulus and licking direction, with a bias toward licking direction. Third, delay activity was largely monotonic and low-dimensional. Fourth, pairs of neurons with similar direction selectivity showed high spike-count correlations. Our study forms the foundation to analyze the neural circuits underlying preparatory activity in a genetically tractable model organism.
In vivo brain activity imaging of interactively locomoting mice
Authors: Inagaki Shigenori , Agetsuma Masakazu , Ohara Shinya , Iijima Toshio , Wazawa Tetsuichi , Arai Yoshiyuki , Nagai Takeharu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractElectrophysiological field potential dynamics have been widely used to investigate brain functions and related psychiatric disorders. Conversely, however, various technical limitations of conventional recording methods have limited its applicability to freely moving subjects, especially when they are in a group and socially interacting with each other. Here, we propose a new method to overcome these technical limitations by introducing a bioluminescent voltage indicator called LOTUS-V. Using our simple and fiber-free recording method, named “SNIPA,” we succeeded in capturing brain activity in freely-locomotive mice, without the need for complicated instruments. This novel method further allowed us to simultaneously record from multiple independently-locomotive animals that were interacting with one another. Further, we successfully demonstrated that the primary visual cortex was activated during the interaction. This methodology will further facilitate a wide range of studies in neurobiology and psychiatry.
Reproductive mode, stem cells and regeneration in a freshwater cnidarian with post-reproductive senescence
Authors: Sebestyén Flóra , Barta Zoltán , Tökölyi Jácint 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn many basal metazoans both somatic and reproductive functions are performed by cellular derivatives of a single multipotent stem cell population. Reproduction can drain these stem cell pools, imposing a physiological cost with subsequent negative effects on somatic maintenance functions. In the freshwater cnidarianHydra oligactisboth asexual (budding) and sexual reproductive modes (production of resting eggs) are present, and both of these are dependent on a common pool of interstitial stem cells. Resting eggs tolerate abiotic conditions which neither the parental animals, nor asexual offspring can survive (e.g. freezing). Therefore, when facing unfavorable conditions and increased mortality risk, hydra polyps are expected to show higher differentiation of interstitial stem cells into germ cells (i.e. sexual reproduction), compared to other cell types needed for selfmaintenance or asexual reproduction. Here, by comparing sexually and asexually reproducing individuals to non-reproductives, we studied the physiological costs of reproduction (size of interstitial stem cell pools, their somatic derivatives and regeneration rate, which is dependent on these cell types) inH. oligactispolyps from a free-living Hungarian population prior to the onset of winter. Sexual individuals (but not asexuals) were characterized by significantly smaller interstitial stem cell pools, fewer somatic derivatives (nematoblasts involved in food capture) and lower regeneration ability compared to non-reproductives. We also found a negative correlation between germ cell counts and stem cell numbers in males (but not in females). These results show that the physiological costs of reproduction are higher for sexual individuals. They also suggest that increased differentiation of stem cells into gametes might limit investment into somatic functions in hydra polyps. Exhaustion of cellular resources (stem cells) could be a major mechanism behind the extreme post-reproductive senescence observed in this species.
The emerging role of 4D synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography for climate and fossil energy studies: five experiments showing the present capabilities at beamline 8.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source
Authors: Voltolini Marco , Haboub Abdelmoula , Dou Shan , Kwon Tae-Hyuk , MacDowell Alastair A. , Parkinson Dilworth Y. , Ajo-Franklin Jonathan 
Published: October 2017

Continuous improvements at X-ray imaging beamlines at synchrotron light sources have made dynamic synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography (SXR-µCT) experiments more routinely available to users, with a rapid increase in demand given its tremendous potential in very diverse areas. In this work a survey of five different four-dimensional SXR-µCT experiments is presented, examining five different parameters linked to the evolution of the investigated system, and tackling problems in different areas in earth sciences. SXR-µCT is used to monitor the microstructural evolution of the investigated sample with the following variables: (i) high temperature, observingin situoil shale pyrolysis; (ii) low temperature, replicating the generation of permafrost; (iii) high pressure, to study the invasion of supercritical CO2in deep aquifers; (iv) uniaxial stress, to monitor the closure of a fracture filled with proppant, in shale; (v) reactive flow, to observe the evolution of the hydraulic properties in a porous rock subject to dissolution. For each of these examples, it is shown how dynamic SXR-µCT was able to provide new answers to questions related to climate and energy studies, highlighting the significant opportunities opened recently by the technique.
Agent-based simulation in management and organizational studies: a survey
Authors: Gómez-Cruz Nelson Alfonso , Loaiza Saa Isabella , Ortega Hurtado Francisco Fernando 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive survey of the literature about the use of agent-based simulation (ABS) in the study of organizational behavior, decision making, and problem-solving. It aims at contributing to the consolidation of ABS as a field of applied research in management and organizational studies.Design/methodology/approachThe authors carried out a non-systematic search in literature published between 2000 and 2016, by using the keyword “agent-based” to search through Scopus’ business, management and accounting database. Additional search criteria were devised using the papers’ keywords and the categories defined by the divisions and interest groups of the Academy of Management. The authors found 181 articles for this survey.FindingsThe survey shows that ABS provides a robust and rigorous framework to elaborate descriptions, explanations, predictions and theories about organizations and their processes as well as develop tools that support strategic and operational decision making and problem-solving. The authors show that the areas that report the highest number of applications are operations and logistics (37 percent), marketing (17 percent) and organizational behavior (14 percent).Originality/valueThe paper illustrates the increasingly prominent role of ABS in fields such as organizational behavior, strategy, human resources, marketing and logistics. To-date, this is the most complete survey about ABS in all management areas.