bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Developing a Risk-Informed Procedure to Define Pressure-Temperature Limits for Fracture Protection of Zr-Nb Pressure Tubes Under Heat-Up and Cool-Down Conditions
Authors: Xu Steven X. , Scarth Douglas A. , Doddihal Preeti , Mosbrucker Paula 
Published: November 2015

A fracture mechanics based calculation procedure is provided in the CSA Standard N285.8 to define pressure-temperature limits for fracture protection of CANDU Zr-Nb pressure tubes. The calculated pressure-temperature limits are used to construct a plant-specific operating envelope for pressure tubes under reactor heat-up and cool-down conditions. The current calculation procedure to define pressure-temperature limits for fracture protection is deterministic, and makes use of conservative inputs, including an axial through-wall crack of 20 mm in length, lower-bound fracture toughness, and a safety factor of 1.3 on the calculated critical internal pressure. The deterministic procedure is straightforward to use, and has a long history of successful applications of protecting pressure tubes from rupture. However, the deterministic procedure will potentially impose challenging operational constraints on pressure tubes at late life conditions, due to the predicted low fracture toughness of pressure tubes with high levels of hydrogen equivalent concentration.
As an alternative, the CSA Standard N285.8 also permits probabilistic evaluation of fracture protection, which implies the acceptability of using risk-informed pressure-temperature limits for pressure tubes under reactor heat-up and cool-down conditions. The feasibility of developing a risk-informed procedure to define pressure-temperature limits for fracture protection of pressure tubes under heat-up and cool-down conditions is described in this paper. The intent is to use the risk-informed methodology to develop alternate pressure-temperature limits that allow more operational flexibility and still satisfy safety goals. The proposed risk-informed approach is consistent with risk-informed approaches that have been used in the U.S. nuclear industry.
The Structure of Human Parechovirus 1 Reveals an Association of the RNA Genome with the Capsid
Authors: Kalynych Sergei , Pálková Lenka , Plevka Pavel 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Parechoviruses are human pathogens that cause diseases ranging from gastrointestinal disorders to encephalitis. Unlike those of most picornaviruses, parechovirus capsids are composed of only three subunits: VP0, VP1, and VP3. Here, we present the structure of a human parechovirus 1 (HPeV-1) virion determined to a resolution of 3.1 Å. We found that interactions among pentamers in the HPeV-1 capsid are mediated by the N termini of VP0s, which correspond to the capsid protein VP4 and the N-terminal part of the capsid protein VP2 of other picornaviruses. In order to facilitate delivery of the virus genome into the cytoplasm, the N termini of VP0s have to be released from contacts between pentamers and exposed at the particle surface, resulting in capsid disruption. A hydrophobic pocket, which can be targeted by capsid-binding antiviral compounds in many other picornaviruses, is not present in HPeV-1. However, we found that interactions between the HPeV-1 single-stranded RNA genome and subunits VP1 and VP3 in the virion impose a partial icosahedral ordering on the genome. The residues involved in RNA binding are conserved among all parechoviruses, suggesting a putative role of the genome in virion stability or assembly. Therefore, putative small molecules that could disrupt HPeV RNA-capsid protein interactions could be developed into antiviral inhibitors.

IMPORTANCE
Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are pathogens that cause diseases ranging from respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders to encephalitis. Recently, there have been outbreaks of HPeV infections in Western Europe and North America. We present the first atomic structure of parechovirus HPeV-1 determined by X-ray crystallography. The structure explains why HPeVs cannot be targeted by antiviral compounds that are effective against other picornaviruses. Furthermore, we found that the interactions of the HPeV-1 genome with the capsid resulted in a partial icosahedral ordering of the genome. The residues involved in RNA binding are conserved among all parechoviruses, suggesting an evolutionarily fixed role of the genome in virion assembly. Therefore, putative small molecules disrupting HPeV RNA-capsid protein interactions could be developed into antiviral inhibitors.
Systematic review of interventions to reduce illicit drug use in female drug-dependent street sex workers
Authors: Jeal Nikki , Macleod John , Turner Katrina , Salisbury Chris 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesMost female street-based sex workers (SSWs) are drug users and this group experience particularly poor outcomes in achieving and maintaining abstinence. In 2010 the UK adopted a recovery-orientated Drug Strategy. This strategy did not specifically highlight the complex drug treatment needs of SSWs. Therefore we sought to synthesise and critically appraise existing evidence of interventions to reduce illicit drug use in this group, in order to guide service change toward better provision for the drug treatment needs of SSWs.MethodsA systematic review of evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce illicit drug use in female SSWs. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a structured search strategy was used. Searches included databases, organisational and government websites to identify published and grey literature, as well as contacting experts in the field, and hand-searching reference lists and journals.ResultsSix studies, one experimental and five observational, were identified which met review inclusion criteria. Intervention approaches evaluated included substitute prescribing, educational sessions and motivational interviewing. All studies reported a positive intervention effect but the five observational studies were all subject to a relatively high risk of bias. By contrast, the experimental study provided little or no evidence of positive effect (OR for reduction of illicit drug in intervention compared to controls 1.17 95%CI 0.84–1.66 at 3 months and 1.14 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.61) at 6 months follow-up). All six studies described challenges and solutions to study recruitment, retention and follow-up, which were influenced by issues affecting SSWs’ health and social stability.ConclusionsThere is currently no strong evidence for effectiveness of interventions to reduce illicit drug use in female SSWs with problematic drug use. Thus, the development and robust evaluation of effective interventions should be a priority if recovery-orientated goals are to become more achievable for this group.
"SHOUT" to improve the quality of care delivered to patients with acute kidney injury at Great Western Hospital
Authors: Brady Paul , Gorham James , Kosti Angeliki , Seligman William , Courtney Alona , Mazan Karolina , Paterson Stuart , Ramcharitar Steve , Chandrasekaran Badri , Juniper Mark , Greamspet Mala , Daniel Jessica , Chalstrey Sue , Ahmed Ijaz , Dasgupta Tanaji 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) affects up to 20% of all patients admitted to hospital, and is associated with a higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes, increased healthcare costs, as well as long term risks of chronic kidney disease and end stage renal failure. The aim of this project was to improve the quality of care for patients with AKI admitted to the acute medical unit (AMU) at the Great Western Hospital (GWH). We assessed awareness and self reported confidence among physicians in our Trust, in addition to basic aspects of care relevant to AKI on our AMU. A multifaceted quality improvement strategy was developed, which included measures to improve awareness such as a Trust wide AKI awareness day, and reconfiguring the admission proforma on our AMU in order to enhance risk assessment, staging, and early response to AKI. Ancillary measures such as the dissemination of flashcards for lanyards containing core information were also used. Follow up assessments showed that foundation year one (FY1) doctors’ self reported confidence in managing AKI increased from 2.8 to 4.2, as measured on a five point Likert scale (P=0.0003). AKI risk assessment increased from 13% to 57% (P=0.07) following a change in the admission proforma. Documentation of the diagnosis of AKI increased from 66% to 95% (P=0.038) among flagged patients. Documentation of urine dip results increased from 33% to 73% (P=0.01), in addition to a rise in appropriate referral for specialist input, although this was not statistically significant. Our results suggest that using the twin approaches of improving awareness, and small changes to systemic factors such as modification of the admission proforma, can lead to significant enhancements in the quality of care of patients with AKI.
Comparison of clinicians' and advanced cancer patients' estimates of survival
Authors: Gwilliam B , Keeley V , Todd C , Gittens M , Roberts C , Kelly L , Barclay S , Stone P 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimsTo determine whether doctors, nurses or the multi-professional team (MPT) are better at prognosticating in advanced cancer. To determine which clinician factors influence prognostic accuracy. To investigate patients' views about receiving prognostic information and to evaluate the accuracy of their own estimates.MethodsAs part of a large prospective multi-centre study to develop a novel prognostic scoring system for patients with advanced cancer, clinicians were asked to estimate whether patients were expected to live for ‘days’, ‘weeks’ or ‘months+’. Patients were asked whether and how they would wish to receive prognostic information and whether they would be willing/able to estimate their own prognosis. Survival was calculated from date of study entry. Prognostic accuracy of different groups was compared using linear weighted κ (LWK).Results1018 patients with advanced cancer were studied; 127 doctors, 281 nurses and 290 patients provided 829, 954 and 290 prognostic estimates respectively. MPT estimates were available for 987 patients. LWK varied between 0.14 (patients) and 0.46 (MPT). Patients' estimates were significantly worse than doctors', nurses' or MPT estimates (all p<0.001). Nurses' estimates were significantly worse than the MPT estimate (p=0.007). No clinician factors (age, gender, experience or grade) were consistently associated with better prognostic accuracy. Most patients (61.4%) wanted to know their prognosis of whom 48% wanted to know it ‘approximately’ and 52% wanted to know ‘exactly’.ConclusionMost patients wish to know their prognosis. Clinicians' predictions are inaccurate and patients' predictions are significantly worse. MPT estimates are the most accurate.
Prognostic significance of 18FDG PET/CT in colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xia Qian , Liu Jianjun , Wu Cheng , Song Shaoli , Tong Linjun , Huang Gang , Feng Yuanbo , Jiang Yansheng , Liu Yewei , Yin Ting , Ni Yicheng 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Background
The role of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography CT (18FDG PET/CT), as a prognostic factor for survival in colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases, is still controversial. We sought to perform a meta-analysis of the literature to address this issue.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed to identify the studies that associated 18FDG PET/CT to clinical survival outcomes of patients with liver metastases. Methodological qualities of the included studies were also assessed. The summarized hazard ratio (HR) was estimated by using fixed- or random-effect model according to heterogeneity between trails.

Results
By analyzing a total of 867 patients from 15 studies, we found that PET/CT for metabolic response to the therapy was capable of predicting event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) with statistical significance, and the HR was 0.45 (95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.78) and 0.36 (95 % CI, 0.18–0.71), respectively. Furthermore, pre-treatment 18FDG PET/CT with high standardized uptake value (SUV) was also significantly associated with poorer OS HR, 1.24; (95 % CI, 1.06–1.45). However, we did not find a statistically significant effect of post-treatment SUV for predicting OS HR, 1.68; (95 % CI, 0.63–4.52).

Conclusions
The present meta-analysis confirms that 18FDG PET/CT is a useful tool to help predict survival outcomes in patients with liver metastases.
Complete genome sequence of Staphylococcus aureus, strain ILRI_Eymole1/1, isolated from a Kenyan dromedary camel
Authors: Zubair Saima , Fischer Anne , Liljander Anne , Meens Jochen , Hegerman Jan , Gourlé Hadrien , Bishop Richard P. , Roebbelen Ina , Younan Mario , Mustafa Mudassir Imran , Mushtaq Mamoona , Bongcam-Rudloff Erik , Jores Joerg 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe report the genome of a Staphylococcus aureus strain (ILRI_Eymole1/1) isolated from a nasal swab of a dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) in North Kenya. The complete genome sequence of this strain consists of a circular chromosome of 2,874,302 bp with a GC-content of 32.88 %. In silico annotation predicted 2755 protein-encoding genes and 76 non-coding genes. This isolate belongs to MLST sequence type 30 (ST30). Phylogenetic analysis based on a subset of 283 core genes revealed that it falls within the human clonal complex 30 (CC30) S. aureus isolate cluster but is genetically distinct. About 79 % of the protein encoding genes are part of the CC30 core genome (genes common to all CC30 S. aureus isolates), ~18 % were within the variable genome (shared among multiple but not all isolates) and ~ 3 % were found only in the genome of the camel isolate. Among the 85 isolate-specific genes, 79 were located within putative phages and pathogenicity islands. Protein encoding genes associated with bacterial adhesion, and secretory proteins that are essential components of the type VII secretion system were also identified. The complete genome sequence of S. aureus strain ILRI_Eymole1/1 has been deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive under the accession no LN626917.1.
Complete genome sequence of Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1T
Authors: Choi Dong Hee , Kwon Yong Min , Kwon Kae Kyoung , Kim Sang-Jin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNovosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1T is a species in the family Sphingomonadaceae. According to the phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence of the N. pentaromativorans US6-1T and nine genome-sequenced strains in the genus Novosphingobium, the similarity ranged from 93.9 to 99.9 % and the highest similarity was found with Novosphingobium sp. PP1Y (99.9 %), whereas the ANI value based on genomes ranged from 70.9 to 93 % and the highest value was 93 %. This microorganism was isolated from muddy coastal bay sediments where the environment is heavily polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It was previously shown to be capable of degrading multiple PAHs, including benzo[a]pyrene. To further understand the PAH biodegradation pathways the previous draft genome of this microorganism was revised to obtain a complete genome using Illumina MiSeq and PacBio platform. The genome of strain US6-1T consists of 5,457,578 bp, which includes the 3,979,506 bp chromosome and five megaplasmids. It comprises 5110 protein-coding genes and 82 RNA genes. Here, we provide an analysis of the complete genome sequence which enables the identification of new characteristics of this strain.
Enzalutamide Reduces the Bone Mass in the Axial But Not the Appendicular Skeleton in Male Mice
Authors: Wu Jianyao , Movérare-Skrtic Sofia , Börjesson Anna E. , Lagerquist Marie K. , Sjögren Klara , Windahl Sara H. , Koskela Antti , Grahnemo Louise , Islander Ulrika , Wilhelmson Anna S. , Tivesten Åsa , Tuukkanen Juha , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Testosterone is a crucial regulator of the skeleton, but the role of the androgen receptor (AR) for the maintenance of the adult male skeleton is unclear. In the present study, the role of the AR for bone metabolism and skeletal growth after sexual maturation was evaluated by means of the drug enzalutamide, which is a new AR antagonist used in the treatment of prostate cancer patients. Nine-week-old male mice were treated with 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg·d of enzalutamide for 21 days or were surgically castrated and were compared with vehicle-treated gonadal intact mice. Although orchidectomy reduced the cortical bone thickness and trabecular bone volume fraction in the appendicular skeleton, these parameters were unaffected by enzalutamide. In contrast, both enzalutamide and orchidectomy reduced the bone mass in the axial skeleton as demonstrated by a reduced lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (P &lt; .001) and trabecular bone volume fraction in L5 vertebrae (P &lt; .001) compared with vehicle-treated gonadal intact mice. A compression test of the L5 vertebrae revealed that the mechanical strength in the axial skeleton was significantly reduced by enzalutamide (maximal load at failure −15.3% ± 3.5%; P &lt; .01). The effects of enzalutamide in the axial skeleton were associated with a high bone turnover. In conclusion, enzalutamide reduces the bone mass in the axial but not the appendicular skeleton in male mice after sexual maturation. We propose that the effect of testosterone on the axial skeleton in male mice is mainly mediated via the AR.
Histamine-2 receptor antagonists versus proton pump inhibitors for stress ulcer prophylaxis in the ICU
Authors: Kopterides Petros , Kahn Jeremy 
Published: November 2015

An evaluation of a recent study by MacLaren R, Reynolds PM, Allen RR et al: Histamine-2 receptor antagonists vs proton pump inhibitors on gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage and infectious complications in the intensive care unit. JAMA Intern Med 2014, 174:564-574.
Who’s messing with Jane?: Graphic novels and the Jane Austen fan
Authors: Howard Leigh Anne 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Over the last two decades, adaptations of Jane Austen’s works as well as numerous works of Austen fan fiction have saturated contemporary culture. In addition to realistic, period-piece dramas that retell the novels in a linear, realistic, representational form, Austen’s body of work has inspired spin-offs, spoofs and homages, including in 2009 a graphic novel version of Pride and Prejudice. By examining how readers of Jane Austen novels respond to Nancy Butler’s graphic novel adaptations, I identify key shifts in the development of the Jane Austen fan community and provide an overview of the emergence of classical prose in a graphic novel format. Then I turn to the Butler’s adaptations of Pride and Prejudice, Emma and Northanger Abbey to explore how fans respond to comic versions of Jane Austen’s works. In particular, by focusing attention on the use of the narrative voice, panel structure and sequence, and character illustrations in these graphic novel adaptations, one can better understand why these participants in this study found these adaptations less satisfying than Austen’s books, subsequent adaptations of her works and other forms of fan fiction.
Regulating local content on Australian radio: Can it restore local radio in an era of convergence?
Authors: Criticos Harry 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In 1932 when the Australian government established the ABC as the national broadcaster, it expected commercial radio to fill the gaps left by the ABC and become the local broadcaster. For regional commercial radio operators, the idea of the local has been embraced when required and rejected when provided the opportunity under deregulation. When radio was deregulated in 1992, the government anticipated that market forces would create diversity and competition. However, deregulation resulted in a concentration of ownership and a perceived lack of diversity and localism by audiences and parliamentary committees. After a lengthy period of deregulation that allowed radio licence holders to create networks in regional Australia without hindrance, the Broadcasting Services Act 1992 (Cwlth) (BSA 1992) was amended in 2007. The then Federal government, led by Prime Minister John Howard, put in place rather prescriptive legislation that set out the requirement for commercial radio licensees to broadcast material of local significance and provide minimum levels of local content. Out of these circumstances some questions arise. First, did this legislation come too late? Second, what is local in the digital age and how do we define it? Finally, is it possible to regulate local content with the impending arrival of Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB+) into regional Australia? This article examines whether such prescriptive conditions for regulating local content in response to increased networking in this era of convergence and DAB can restore the concept of local to both networked radio and the community that depends on it. Can radio in its networked form satisfy the desire to embrace the benefits of being local?
Radio, memory and conflict: Reconstructing the past in Documentos RNE
Authors: Castelló Enric , Montagut Marta 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this article we adopt a cultural approach to radio, and specifically to radio documentaries about recent Spanish history, focusing on an analysis of Documentos RNE, which, from 1999 to date, has been broadcasting documentaries that employ the vast sound archives of Radio Nacional de España (RNE). The archives and their use in historical memory programmes represent a true national repository with which to reconstruct collective memory. Through a more detailed analysis of five documentaries broadcast between 2008 and 2014, we examine major topics such as the Second Republic, the Civil War, the post-war period, the Franco dictatorship and the Transition to Democracy. The article show how Documentos RNE included the mentioned topics in its list of programmes and what type of audio-visual language resources were common on the reconstruction of the past.
Unbuttoning NPR: Assessing the music at the margins of All Things Considered
Authors: Cwynar Christopher 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
There have been few studies to date of the cultural work performed by NPR’s information radio programmes, and those that have been conducted have overlooked the role of musical interludes in those programmes. This article combines quantitative data analysis with textual and discourse analysis to elucidate the nature of the interludes and their function within the context of All Things Considered, NPR’s flagship afternoon newsmagazine programme. It argues that the structured diversity of the interludes embodies the homologous aesthetic and ideological dispositions of NPR’s personnel and its core audience. The interludes themselves suggest a tension between highbrow and middlebrow aesthetic dispositions that are manifested in the structured diversity and hybridity of the genre selections as they are deployed in the context of the programme.
Optimale Steuerung eines Systems mit verteilten Parametern am Beispiel eines Tiefofens / Optimal control of a distributed parameter system applied to a metallurgical Furnace
Authors: Franke D. 
Published: November 2015

Der Beitrag behandelt am Beispiel eines Tiefofens die Anwendung der Optimierungstheorie für Systeme mit verteilten Parametern. Als mathematisches Modell wird die Wärmeleitungsdifferentialgleichung zugrunde gelegt.
Die Minimierung eines quadratischen Güte-Index bei beschränkter Stellgröße führt nach A. G. Butkovskiy auf eine nichtlineare Integralgleichung für die optimale Steuerfunktion. Zur Lösung dieser Integralgleichung wird eine hybride Rechenschaltung vorgestellt. Anhand eines Zahlenbeispiels werden Rechnerergebnisse mitgeteilt und diskutiert.