bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leadership paradigms and performance in small service firms
Authors: Jing Fenwick Feng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe effects of employee-perceived leadership paradigms on multiple measures of firm performance collected from managers and customers in small businesses were examined. Four leadership paradigms operating in Australian retail pharmacies were assessed against six performance measures – financial outcomes, staff and customer satisfaction, productivity, retaining staff, and manager retention. Structural equation modeling, regression, and analysis of variance were employed to test the hypotheses. Predictions that firms characterized by visionary and organic/distributed leadership would outperform those using classical and transactional leadership were supported on all measures. Furthermore, the emerging organic leadership paradigm outperformed the others on every measure.
Signal or noise? A null model method for evaluating the significance of turnover pulses
Authors: Barr W. Andrew 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPatterns of turnover in the mammalian fossil record have been interpreted as reflecting “pulses” of originations and extinctions hypothesized to be driven by climate change. However, criteria for determining what constitutes a meaningful pulse have been idiosyncratic, and investigations of turnover patterns in mammals have yielded mixed results.This study presents simple simulations of fossil records in which origination and extinction probabilities for each lineage are held constant. Nonetheless, the total number of turnover events per time bin varies stochastically, producing statistical “noise.” Various simulation and analytical assumptions are examined to determine their impact on the type I error rate (i.e., how often “pulses” are detected in a purely stochastic process).Results suggest that simple analytical parameters (length of time bins and turnover-pulse criterion) have predictable and straightforward effects on false-positive rates. Furthermore, “pulses” of turnover of a magnitude similar to that observed in the terrestrial mammalian fossil record may be quite common under realistic analytical conditions.The null turnover model offers a practical way to evaluate the significance of observed turnover events in future empirical studies of the fossil record. In evaluating the significance of a “pulse” of fossil origination or extinction events, analytical parameters can be explored using this null model to determine the approximate type I error rate for a set of parameters. Because false-positive rates are shown to be quite high, functional trait-based approaches may offer more reliable indicators of the impact of climate change on turnover dynamics.
Evaluation of cardiac autonomic function using heart rate variability in children with acute carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: Vural Cagdas , Dinleyici Ener Cagri , Kosger Pelin , Bolluk Ozge , Kilic Zubeyir , Ucar Birsen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionCarbon monoxide poisoning may cause myocardial toxicity and cardiac autonomic dysfunction, which may contribute to the development of life-threatening arrhythmias. We investigated the potential association between acute carbon monoxide exposure and cardiac autonomic function measured by heart rate variability.MethodThe present study included 40 children aged 1–17 years who were admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit with acute carbon monoxide poisoning and 40 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Carboxyhaemoglobin and cardiac enzymes were measured at admission. Electrocardiography was performed on admission and discharge, and 24-hour Holter electrocardiography was digitally recorded. Heart rate variability was analysed at both time points – 24-hour recordings – and frequency domains – from the first 5 minutes of intensive care unit admission.ResultsTime domain and frequency indices such as high-frequency spectral power and low-frequency spectral power were similar between patient and control groups (p>0.05). The ratio of low-frequency spectral power to high-frequency spectral power was significantly lower in the carbon monoxide poisoning group (p<0.001) and was negatively correlated with carboxyhaemoglobin levels (r=−0.351, p<0.05). The mean heart rate, QT dispersion, corrected QT dispersion, and P dispersion values were higher in the carbon monoxide poisoning group (p<0.05) on admission. The QT dispersion and corrected QT dispersion remained longer in the carbon monoxide poisoning group compared with controls on discharge (p<0.05).ConclusionThe frequency domain indices, especially the ratio of low-frequency spectral power to high-frequency spectral power, are useful for the evaluation of the cardiac autonomic function. The decreased low-frequency spectral power-to-high-frequency spectral power ratio reflects a balance of the autonomic nervous system, which shifted to parasympathetic components.
Observation of the hyperfine spectrum of antihydrogen
Authors: Ahmadi M. , Alves B. X. R. , Baker C. J. , Bertsche W. , Butler E. , Capra A. , Carruth C. , Cesar C. L. , Charlton M. , Cohen S. , Collister R. , Eriksson S. , Evans A. , Evetts N. , Fajans J. , Friesen T. , Fujiwara M. C. , Gill D. R. , Gutierrez A. , Hangst J. S. , Hardy W. N. , Hayden M. E. , Isaac C. A. , Ishida A. , Johnson M. A. , Jones S. A. , Jonsell S. , Kurchaninov L. , Madsen N. , Mathers M. , Maxwell D. , McKenna J. T. K. , Menary S. , Michan J. M. , Momose T. , Munich J. J. , Nolan P. , Olchanski K. , Olin A. , Pusa P. , Rasmussen C. Ø. , Robicheaux F. , Sacramento R. L. , Sameed M. , Sarid E. , Silveira D. M. , Stracka S. , Stutter G. , So C. , Tharp T. D. , Thompson J. E. , Thompson R. I. , van der Werf D. P. , Wurtele J. S. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The observation of hyperfine structure in atomic hydrogen by Rabi and co-workers1,2,3 and the measurement4 of the zero-field ground-state splitting at the level of seven parts in 1013 are important achievements of mid-twentieth-century physics. The work that led to these achievements also provided the first evidence for the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron5,6,7,8, inspired Schwinger’s relativistic theory of quantum electrodynamics9,10 and gave rise to the hydrogen maser11, which is a critical component of modern navigation, geo-positioning and very-long-baseline interferometry systems. Research at the Antiproton Decelerator at CERN by the ALPHA collaboration extends these enquiries into the antimatter sector. Recently, tools have been developed that enable studies of the hyperfine structure of antihydrogen12—the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen. The goal of such studies is to search for any differences that might exist between this archetypal pair of atoms, and thereby to test the fundamental principles on which quantum field theory is constructed. Magnetic trapping of antihydrogen atoms13,14 provides a means of studying them by combining electromagnetic interaction with detection techniques that are unique to antimatter12,15. Here we report the results of a microwave spectroscopy experiment in which we probe the response of antihydrogen over a controlled range of frequencies. The data reveal clear and distinct signatures of two allowed transitions, from which we obtain a direct, magnetic-field-independent measurement of the hyperfine splitting. From a set of trials involving 194 detected atoms, we determine a splitting of 1,420.4 ± 0.5 megahertz, consistent with expectations for atomic hydrogen at the level of four parts in 104. This observation of the detailed behaviour of a quantum transition in an atom of antihydrogen exemplifies tests of fundamental symmetries such as charge–parity–time in antimatter, and the techniques developed here will enable more-precise such tests.
Structural insights into the mechanism and E2 specificity of the RBR E3 ubiquitin ligase HHARI
Authors: Yuan Lingmin , Lv Zongyang , Atkison James H. , Olsen Shaun K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRING-in-between-RING (RBR) ubiquitin (Ub) E3 ligases function with Ub E2s through a RING/HECT hybrid mechanism to conjugate Ub to target proteins. Here, we report the crystal structure of the RBR E3, HHARI, in complex with a UbcH7 ~ Ub thioester mimetic which reveals the molecular basis for the specificity of this cognate E2/RBR E3 pair. The structure also reveals mechanistically important conformational changes in the RING1 and UBA-like domains of HHARI that accompany UbcH7 ~ Ub binding and provides a molecular basis by which HHARI recruits E2 ~ Ub in an ‘open’ conformation. In addition to optimally functioning with an E2 that solely performs transthiolation, our data suggests that HHARI prevents spurious discharge of Ub from E2 to lysine residues by: (1) harboring structural elements that block E2 ~ Ub from adopting a ‘closed’ conformation and (2) participating in contacts to ubiquitin that promote an open E2 ~ Ub conformation.
Fragmentation in spin ice from magnetic charge injection
Authors: Lefrançois E. , Cathelin V. , Lhotel E. , Robert J. , Lejay P. , Colin C. V. , Canals B. , Damay F. , Ollivier J. , Fåk B. , Chapon L. C. , Ballou R. , Simonet V. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe complexity embedded in condensed matter fertilizes the discovery of new states of matter, enriched by ingredients like frustration. Illustrating examples in magnetic systems are Kitaev spin liquids, skyrmions phases, or spin ices. These unconventional ground states support exotic excitations, for example the magnetic charges in spin ices, also called monopoles. Here, we propose a mechanism to inject monopoles in a spin ice at equilibrium through a staggered magnetic field. We show theoretically, and demonstrate experimentally in the Ho2Ir2O7 pyrochlore iridate, that it results in the stabilization of a monopole crystal, which exhibits magnetic fragmentation. In this new state of matter, the magnetic moment fragments into an ordered part and a persistently fluctuating one. Compared to conventional spin ices, the different nature of the excitations in this fragmented state opens the way to tunable field-induced and dynamical behaviors.
Learning surface molecular structures via machine vision
Authors: Ziatdinov Maxim , Maksov Artem , Kalinin Sergei V. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecent advances in high resolution scanning transmission electron and scanning probe microscopies have allowed researchers to perform measurements of materials structural parameters and functional properties in real space with a picometre precision. In many technologically relevant atomic and/or molecular systems, however, the information of interest is distributed spatially in a non-uniform manner and may have a complex multi-dimensional nature. One of the critical issues, therefore, lies in being able to accurately identify (‘read out’) all the individual building blocks in different atomic/molecular architectures, as well as more complex patterns that these blocks may form, on a scale of hundreds and thousands of individual atomic/molecular units. Here we employ machine vision to read and recognize complex molecular assemblies on surfaces. Specifically, we combine Markov random field model and convolutional neural networks to classify structural and rotational states of all individual building blocks in molecular assembly on the metallic surface visualized in high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy measurements. We show how the obtained full decoding of the system allows us to directly construct a pair density function—a centerpiece in analysis of disorder-property relationship paradigm—as well as to analyze spatial correlations between multiple order parameters at the nanoscale, and elucidate reaction pathway involving molecular conformation changes. The method represents a significant shift in our way of analyzing atomic and/or molecular resolved microscopic images and can be applied to variety of other microscopic measurements of structural, electronic, and magnetic orders in different condensed matter systems.
Intraoperative Functional Ultrasound Imaging of Human Brain Activity
Authors: Imbault Marion , Chauvet Dorian , Gennisson Jean-Luc , Capelle Laurent , Tanter Mickael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe functional mapping of brain activity is essential to perform optimal glioma surgery and to minimize the risk of postoperative deficits. We introduce a new, portable neuroimaging modality of the human brain based on functional ultrasound (fUS) for deep functional cortical mapping. Using plane-wave transmissions at an ultrafast frame rate (1 kHz), fUS is performed during surgery to measure transient changes in cerebral blood volume with a high spatiotemporal resolution (250 µm, 1 ms). fUS identifies, maps and differentiates regions of brain activation during task-evoked cortical responses within the depth of a sulcus in both awake and anaesthetized patients.
Grating-based phase-contrast and dark-field computed tomography: a single-shot method
Authors: Teuffenbach Maximilian von , Koehler Thomas , Fehringer Andreas , Viermetz Manuel , Brendel Bernhard , Herzen Julia , Proksa Roland , Rummeny Ernst J. , Pfeiffer Franz , Noël Peter B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGrating-based X-ray interferometry offers vast potential for imaging materials and tissues that are not easily visualised using conventional X-ray imaging. Tomographic reconstruction based on X-ray interferometric data provides not only access to the attenuation coefficient of an object, but also the refractive index and information about ultra-small-angle scattering. This improved functionality comes at the cost of longer measurement times because existing projection-based signal extraction algorithms require not only a single measurement per projection angle but several with precise grating movements in between. This obstacle hinders the adaptation of grating-based interferometry into a continuously rotating gantry. Several solutions to this problem have been proposed but all suffer from major drawbacks. We present results using an iterative reconstruction algorithm working directly on the interferograms. The suggested direct approach enables improved image quality, since interpolations and unnecessary assumptions about the object are circumvented. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to successfully reconstruct the linear attenuation coefficient, the refractive index and the linear diffusion coefficient, which is a measure related to ultra-small-angle scattering, using a single measurement per projection angle and without any grating movements. This is a milestone for future clinical implementation of grating-based phase-contrast and dark-field contrast X-ray computed tomography.
Predictive clinical factors of cystoid macular edema in patients with Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Kitazawa Koji , Kayukawa Kanae , Wakimasu Koichi , Yokota Isao , Inatomi Tsutomu , Hieda Osamu , Mori Kazuhiko , Sotozono Chie , Kinoshita Shigeru 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this present study was to investigate predictive clinical factors associated with cystoid macular edema (CME) post Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in a large case series. Of 393 consecutive patients who underwent DSAEK at Baptist Eye Institute, Kyoto, Japan between July 2011 and November 2016, 241 patients without CME at the pre- or early-postoperative periods were enrolled. The occurrence of anatomic CME was prospectively examined via optical coherence tomography (OCT). Possible predictive clinical factors for CME were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. At 1-month post DSAEK, CME occurred in 27 (11.2%) of the 241 patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) was significantly associated with postoperative CME (odds ratio = 6.4, P = 0.04). The findings of this study revealed that DSAEK in patients with PACG showed a high incidence of CME, thus indicating that they should undergo a careful postoperative observation of the macula via OCT.
Polymer-encased nanodiscs with improved buffer compatibility
Authors: Fiori Mariana C. , Jiang Yunjiang , Altenberg Guillermo A. , Liang Hongjun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractStyrene-maleic acid copolymers allow for solubilization and reconstitution of membrane proteins into nanodiscs. These polymer-encased nanodiscs are promising platforms for studies of membrane proteins in a near-physiologic environment without the use of detergents. However, current styrene-maleic acid copolymers display severe limitations in terms of buffer compatibility and ensued flexibility for various applications. Here, we present a new family of styrene-maleic acid copolymers that do not aggregate at low pH or in the presence of polyvalent cations, and can be used to solubilize membrane proteins and produce nanodiscs of controlled sizes.
Generation of Myostatin Gene-Edited Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) via Zygote Injection of CRISPR/Cas9 System
Authors: Khalil Karim , Elayat Medhat , Khalifa Elsayed , Daghash Samer , Elaswad Ahmed , Miller Michael , Abdelrahman Hisham , Ye Zhi , Odin Ramjie , Drescher David , Vo Khoi , Gosh Kamal , Bugg William , Robinson Dalton , Dunham Rex 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe myostatin (MSTN) gene is important because of its role in regulation of skeletal muscle growth in all vertebrates. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 was utilized to successfully target the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, muscle suppressor gene MSTN. CRISPR/Cas9 induced high rates (88–100%) of mutagenesis in the target protein-encoding sites of MSTN. MSTN-edited fry had more muscle cells (p < 0.001) than controls, and the mean body weight of gene-edited fry increased by 29.7%. The nucleic acid alignment of the mutated sequences against the wild-type sequence revealed multiple insertions and deletions. These results demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 is a highly efficient tool for editing the channel catfish genome, and opens ways for facilitating channel catfish genetic enhancement and functional genomics. This approach may produce growth-enhanced channel catfish and increase productivity.
4β-Hydroxywithanolide E Modulates Alternative Splicing of Apoptotic Genes in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Huh-7 Cells
Authors: Lee Chien-Chin , Chang Wen-Hsin , Chang Ya-Sian , Liu Ting-Yuan , Chen Yu-Chia , Wu Yang-Chang , Chang Jan-Gowth 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlternative splicing is a mechanism for increasing protein diversity from a limited number of genes. Studies have demonstrated that aberrant regulation in the alternative splicing of apoptotic gene transcripts may contribute to the development of cancer. In this study, we isolated 4β-Hydroxywithanolide E (4bHWE) from the traditional herb Physalis peruviana and investigated its biological effect in cancer cells. The results demonstrated that 4bHWE modulates the alternative splicing of various apoptotic genes, including HIPK3, SMAC/DIABLO, and SURVIVIN. We also discovered that the levels of SRSF1 phospho-isoform were decreased and the levels of H3K36me3 were increased in 4bHWE treatment. Knockdown experiments revealed that the splicing site selection of SMAC/DIABLO could be mediated by changes in the level of H3K36me3 in 4bHWE-treated cells. Furthermore, we extended our study to apoptosis-associated molecules, and detected increased levels of poly ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage and the active form of CASPASE-3 in 4bHWE-induced apoptosis. In vivo experiments indicated that the treatment of tumor-bearing mice with 4bHWE resulted in a marked decrease in tumor size. This study is the first to demonstrate that 4bHWE affects alternative splicing by modulating splicing factors and histone modifications, and provides a novel view of the antitumor mechanism of 4bHWE.
Seabird distribution patterns observed with fishing vessel’s radar reveal previously undescribed sub-meso-scale clusters
Authors: Assali Camille , Bez Nicolas , Tremblay Yann 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSeabirds are known to concentrate on prey patches or at predators aggregations standing for potential feeding opportunities. They may search for prey using olfaction or by detecting visually feeding con-specifics and sub-surface predators, or even boats. Thus, they might form a foraging network. We hypothesized that conditionally to the existence of a foraging network, the visual detection ability of seabirds should have a bearing on their medium-scale distribution at sea. Using a fishing-boat radar to catch the instantaneous distribution of seabirds groups within 30 km around the vessel, we conducted a spatial clustering of the seabird-echoes. We found 7,657 clusters (i.e. aggregations of echoes), lasting less than 15 minutes and measuring 9.2 km in maximum length (median). Distances between seabirds groups within clusters showed little variation (median: 2.1 km; CV: 0.5), while area varied largely (median: 21.9 km2; CV: 0.8). Given existing data on seabirds’ reaction distances to boats or other marine predators, we suggest that these structures may represent active foraging sequences of seabirds spreading themselves in space such as to possibly cue on each others. These seabird clusters were not previously described and are size compatible with the existence of a foraging network.
Sea level rise, surface warming, and the weakened buffering ability of South China Sea to strong typhoons in recent decades
Authors: Sun Jingru , Oey Leo , Xu F.-H. , Lin Y.-C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEach year, a number of typhoons in the western North Pacific pass through the Luzon Strait into South China Sea (SCS). Although the storms remain above a warm open sea, the majority of them weaken due to atmospheric and oceanic environments unfavorable for typhoon intensification in SCS, which therefore serves as a natural buffer that shields the surrounding coasts from potentially more powerful storms. This study examines how this buffer has changed over inter-decadal and longer time scales. We show that the buffer weakens (i.e. greater potential for more powerful typhoons) in negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) years, as well as with sea-level-rise and surface warming, caused primarily by the deepening of the ocean’s 26 °C isotherm Z
26
. A new Intensity Change Index is proposed to describe the typhoon intensity change as a function of Z
26
and other environmental variables. In SCS, the new index accounts for as high as 75% of the total variance of typhoon intensity change.
RNA SEQ Analysis Indicates that the AE3 Cl−/HCO3
− Exchanger Contributes to Active Transport-Mediated CO2 Disposal in Heart
Authors: Vairamani Kanimozhi , Wang Hong-Sheng , Medvedovic Mario , Lorenz John N. , Shull Gary E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLoss of the AE3 Cl−/HCO3− exchanger (Slc4a3) in mice causes an impaired cardiac force-frequency response and heart failure under some conditions but the mechanisms are not known. To better understand the functions of AE3, we performed RNA Seq analysis of AE3-null and wild-type mouse hearts and evaluated the data with respect to three hypotheses (CO2 disposal, facilitation of Na+-loading, and recovery from an alkaline load) that have been proposed for its physiological functions. Gene Ontology and PubMatrix analyses of differentially expressed genes revealed a hypoxia response and changes in vasodilation and angiogenesis genes that strongly support the CO2 disposal hypothesis. Differential expression of energy metabolism genes, which indicated increased glucose utilization and decreased fatty acid utilization, were consistent with adaptive responses to perturbations of O2/CO2 balance in AE3-null myocytes. Given that the myocardium is an obligate aerobic tissue and consumes large amounts of O2, the data suggest that loss of AE3, which has the potential to extrude CO2 in the form of HCO3−, impairs O2/CO2 balance in cardiac myocytes. These results support a model in which the AE3 Cl−/HCO3− exchanger, coupled with parallel Cl− and H+-extrusion mechanisms and extracellular carbonic anhydrase, is responsible for active transport-mediated disposal of CO2.