bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversification of HP1‐like Chromo Domain Proteins in Tetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Wiley Emily A. , Horrell Scott , Yoshino Alyssa , Schornak Cara C. , Bagnani Claire , Chalker Douglas L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractProteins that possess a chromo domain are well‐known for their roles in heterochromatin assembly and maintenance. The Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) family, with a chromo domain and carboxy‐terminal chromo shadow domain, targets heterochromatin through interaction with histone H3 methylated on lysine 9 (H3K9me2/3). The structural and functional diversity of these proteins observed in both fission yeast and metazoans correlate with chromatin specialization. To expand these studies, we examined chromo domain proteins in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, which has functionally diverse and developmentally regulated heterochromatin domains. We identified thirteen proteins similar to HP1. Together they possess only a fraction of the possible chromo domain subtypes and most lack a recognizable chromo shadow domain. Using fluorescence microscopy to track chromatin localization of tagged proteins through the life cycle, we show evidence that in T. thermophila this family has diversified with biological roles in RNAi‐directed DNA elimination, germline genome structure, and somatic heterochromatin. Those proteins with H3K27me3 binding sequence characteristics localize to chromatin in mature nuclei, whereas those with H3K9me2/3 binding characteristics localize to developing nuclei undergoing DNA elimination. Findings point to an expanded and diversified family of chromo domain proteins that parallels heterochromatin diversity in ciliates.
Low expression of soluble human leukocyte antigen G in early gestation and subsequent placenta‐mediated complications of pregnancy
Authors: Marozio Luca , Garofalo Anna , Berchialla Paola , Tavella Anna Maria , Salton Loredana , Cavallo Franco , Benedetto Chiara 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimAbnormal placentation is a common pathogenic mechanism of many placenta‐mediated complications of late pregnancy, including pre‐eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, stillbirth, and placental abruption. During successful placentation, the trophoblast (which is a semi‐allograft) is not rejected by decidual immune cells because of maternal immune tolerance, mainly induced by human leukocyte antigen G (HLA‐G). Deficient HLA‐G expression seems to be associated with the development of complications of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine whether low soluble HLA‐G (sHLA‐G) levels in maternal blood at the beginning of pregnancy may be associated with subsequent placenta‐mediated complications.MethodsFor this retrospective case–control study, 117 cases of placenta‐mediated complications of pregnancy and 234 controls with uneventful pregnancy were selected. Plasma sHLA‐G levels were measured at 11–13 weeks' gestation by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method in blood samples previously obtained at first‐trimester prenatal screening for chromosomal fetal abnormalities.ResultsWomen who subsequently developed placenta‐mediated complications had significantly lower sHLA‐G levels at the beginning of pregnancy (median, 43.08 IU/mL) than controls (median, 49.10 IU/mL; P = 0.008). An sHLA‐G level lower than 43.50 IU/mL at the end of the first trimester was associated with a twofold increased risk of developing a pregnancy complication (odds ratio, 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–2.73). The strongest association, although only moderately strong, was observed with severe pre‐eclampsia (odds ratio, 2.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–6.56).ConclusionPlacenta‐mediated complications of pregnancy may be associated with low sHLA‐G levels in the first trimester, suggesting a potential role of sHLA‐G in the early stages of placentation.
Fetal left ventricular non‐compaction cardiomyopathy with ascites: A case report
Authors: Muraoka Junsuke , Kodama Yuki , Sameshima Hiroshi , Michikata Kaori , Matsuzawa Satoshi , Masanao Oohashi , Kaneko Masatoki , Akaki Mayumi , Sato Yuichiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHere we report a case of fetal left ventricular non‐compaction cardiomyopathy with ascites and cardiac dysfunction at a gestational age of 34+5 weeks. Laboratory tests did not reveal any sign of viral infection in utero. A female neonate weighing 2436 g was delivered by emergency cesarean section due to non‐reassuring fetal status. Postnatal echocardiography confirmed left ventricular non‐compaction cardiomyopathy with severe cardiac failure. Although she was treated effectively during the acute period by continuous flow peritoneal dialysis, surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus, and inhaled nitric oxide, she died on day 41 of life. Symptoms of severe cardiac dysfunction appeared antenatally in this patient and the outcome was poor.
Successes and Challenges in School Meal Reform: Qualitative Insights From Food Service Directors
Authors: Asada Yuka , Ziemann Margaret , Zatz Laura Y. , Chriqui Jamie 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe Healthy, Hunger‐Free Kids Act of 2010 (HHFKA) directed the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) to revise school meal standards to increase healthy food offerings. A critical stakeholder in the implementation of standards is Food Service Directors (FSDs). We sought to examine FSDs' perspectives on revised school meal standards to gain insight into successful implementation strategies.METHODSSemistructured interviews were conducted with FSDs (N = 9) from high schools that had achieved HealthierUS Schools Challenge: Smarter Lunchrooms (HUSSC: SL) status. Qualitative interview data were team coded in Atlas.ti v7 and analyzed with principles of constant comparative analysis.RESULTSFSDs reported overall positive perceptions of the revised school meal standards and its potential impacts, as well as improved fruit and vegetable consumption, despite initial challenges with plate waste, procurement of whole grain‐rich products, and fast paced sodium targets. Implementation was described as complex, ongoing processes; with time and in‐service trainings, student acceptance to these changes improved.CONCLUSIONSThese findings are directly relevant to future reauthorization of the Child Nutrition Act and to revisions to the implementation time line for the federal school meal standards related to sodium, whole grains, and flavored milk. Insights into FSDs' strategies suggest that more time and targeted technical assistance at federal, state, and local levels is warranted.
The Body Mass Index of Adolescents Attending Seventh‐Day Adventist Schools in Australia: 2001‐2012
Authors: Craig Bevan A. , Morton Darren P. , Kent Lillian M. , Butler Terry L. , Rankin Paul M. , Price Kevin R. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe examined the body mass index (BMI) of students attending Seventh‐day Adventist (Adventist) schools in Australia in 2001 and 2012.METHODSA total of 3069 students attending Adventist schools in Australia responded to a health and lifestyle survey in 2001 (N = 1335) and 2012 (N = 1734). The survey captured self‐reported height and weight, demographics (age, sex, year level, religion), and select health behaviors.RESULTSCompared with national norms, lower rates of overweight and obesity were observed in the study cohort, but higher rates of underweight. There was no change in the mean BMI of the students attending Adventist schools in Australia from 2001 to 2012. Regression analyses indicated that a lower BMI was associated with age, sex, more regularly eating breakfast, consuming less soft drink, and having a regular exercise program. The students reported a high consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains compared with Australian national norms, and 29% claimed to be vegetarian.CONCLUSIONSStudents attending Adventist schools appear to have a lower prevalence of overweight and obesity than the secular population, but a higher prevalence of underweight. The mechanisms through which Adventist schools may influence student's BMI warrants further investigation.
Song and the Music of Poetry
Authors: RODGERS STEPHEN 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTAs much as the Lied has been a mainstay in studies of the relationship between text and music, one important aspect of that relationship has been largely ignored: the ways in which composers respond to the sounds, or phonemes, of words themselves. Analysts of German Lieder (and art song in general) have emphasised the diverse ways in which music expresses themeaningof poetry, but they have remained largely indifferent to how music captures, and often enhances, poetry'smateriality– its patterns of consonants and vowels, its intonational shapes, its ‘music’. Drawing in part upon literary scholarship on the sonic aspects of poetry (by Robert Pinsky, M. H. Abrams and others), this article explores how the sound worlds of poetry and music interact. I begin by evaluating three common approaches to the analysis of art song, each of which neglects poetic sound to some degree. I then propose an alternative approach, one designed to ensure that the music of poetry is given its due. Finally, I apply this method to a detailed analysis of ‘Wenn ich in deine Augen seh’’, fromDichterliebe, and to another setting by Schumann, ‘Melancholie’, from theSpanisches Liederspiel.
E3 ligase SAUL1 serves as a positive regulator of PAMP‐triggered immunity and its homeostasis is monitored by immune receptor SOC3
Authors: Tong Meixuezi , Kotur Tanja , Liang Wanwan , Vogelmann Katja , Kleine Tatjana , Leister Dario , Brieske Catharina , Yang Shuhua , Lüdke Daniel , Wiermer Marcel , Zhang Yuelin , Li Xin , Hoth Stefan 
Published: July 2017

Summary

In both plants and animals, intracellular nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat proteins (NLRs; or Nod‐like receptors) serve as immune receptors to recognize pathogen‐derived molecules and mount effective immune responses against microbial infections. Plant NLRs often guard the presence or activity of other host proteins, which are the direct virulence targets of pathogen effectors. These guardees are sometimes immune‐promoting components such as those in a mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade. Plant E3 ligases serve many roles in immune regulation, but it is unclear whether they can also be guarded by NLRs.

Here, we report on an immune‐regulating E3 ligase SAUL1, whose homeostasis is monitored by a Toll interleukin 1 receptor (TIR)‐type NLR (TNL), SOC3.

SOC3 can associate with SAUL1, and either loss or overexpression of SAUL1 triggers autoimmunity mediated by SOC3. By contrast, SAUL1 functions redundantly with its close homolog PUB43 to promote PAMP‐triggered immunity (PTI).

Taken together, the E3 ligase SAUL1 serves as a positive regulator of PTI and its homeostasis is monitored by the TNL SOC3.
Asymmetric response of the US–India trade balance to exchange rate changes: Evidence from 68 industries
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Saha Sujata 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe relationship between the trade balance and the exchange rate continues to attract attention by international economists and has entered into new territory, mostly due to advances in econometric methods. The introduction of asymmetric error‐correction modelling and asymmetric cointegration using the nonlinear ARDL approach of Shin et al. (Festschrift in Honor of Peter Schmidt: Econometric methods and applications, Springer, 2014, 281) as compared to the symmetric and linear ARDL approach of Pesaran et al. (Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2001, 16, 289) has led us in a new direction to discover relatively better results. We apply these methods to the bilateral trade balance model of each of the 68 industries that trade between India and the USA. The nonlinear approach not only provides more support to the J‐curve effect, but also yields support in favour of short‐run and long‐run asymmetric effects of exchange rate changes in most of the industries.
A computable general equilibrium model of international sanctions in Iran
Authors: Gharibnavaz Mohammad Reza , Waschik Robert 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe detail recent international sanctions against the Iranian economy and its government imposed by a subset of developed countries. The effects of these sanctions on the Iranian economy in general and upon upper and lower‐income rural and urban Iranian households, as well as the Iranian government, are modelled using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. We supplement the Global Trade Analysis Project 8 data set using income and expenditure shares from the Urban and Rural Household Income and Expenditure Survey from the Statistical Centre of Iran (SCI). The model is calibrated to simulate the effects of international sanctions as closely as possible. We use endogenous trade taxes to simulate the effects of sanctions on Iranian oil and petrochemical exports and Iranian imports of petroleum products, metal products and motor vehicles. Our study finds that international sanctions reduced aggregate Iranian welfare by 14%–15%. Rural households in Iran suffered welfare losses which were almost double those experienced by urban households, and the poorest urban and rural households experienced the largest welfare losses, in the order of 5%–10%. But the government of Iran sees a decrease in real revenue of 40%–50%, due to the large negative effect of sanctions on the Iranian oil sector.
Byte protecting perfect burst code
Authors: Tyagi Vinod , Tyagi Ambika 
Published: July 2017

Byte correcting perfect codes are developed to correct burst errors within bytes. If a code is byte correcting code and we say that the code is [Formula: see text]-burst correcting, meaning that it corrects a single burst of length [Formula: see text] or less within a byte. A byte correcting code is such that if [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] denote the set of syndromes obtained from the [Formula: see text]th-byte of the parity check matrix [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] denote the set of syndromes obtained from the [Formula: see text]th-byte of the parity check matrix [Formula: see text] then [Formula: see text]. In an [Formula: see text] code, if there are [Formula: see text] bytes of size [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text]. Byte correcting codes are preferred where information stored in all bytes are equally important. But there are cases where some parts of the message are more important than other parts of the message, for example, if we have to transmit a message on a border location “ Shift Battalion (Bn) from Location A to Location B” then, we will focus more on the information shift, location [Formula: see text] and location [Formula: see text] i.e., bytes containing these information will be more important than others. In this situation, it is needed that during transmission these bytes should have no possibility of error. In other words, these bytes should be protected absolutely against any error. Keeping this in mind, we study burst error correcting capabilities of byte oriented codes in terms of byte protection level of each byte. If there is a byte error pattern of length [Formula: see text] in the transmission then all those bytes of the received pattern will be decoded correctly whose burst protection level is [Formula: see text] or more even though the code word may be decoded wrongly. Taking the code length [Formula: see text] to be divided into [Formula: see text] bytes with burst protection level of the [Formula: see text]th-byte as [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text], we construct linear codes that we call byte protecting burst (BPB) codes and investigate their byte protecting capabilities in this paper.
Clausius–Clapeyron Scaling of Peak CAPE in Continental Convective Storm Environments
Authors: Agard Vince , Emanuel Kerry 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA thermodynamic constraint on convective available potential energy (CAPE) in continental environments is established using an idealized one-dimensional model. This theoretical model simplifies the synoptic-scale preconditioning framework for continental severe convection by considering a dry adiabatic column that comes into contact with a moist land surface. A system of equations is derived to describe the evolution of the ensuing surface boundary layer. From these, the maximum value of transient CAPE in the column can be found for any particular combination of surface temperature and moisture. It is demonstrated that, for a given range of surface temperatures, the value of peak CAPE scales with the Clausius–Clapeyron relation.
Investigating the Impact of CO2 on Low-Frequency Variability of the AMOC in HadCM3
Authors: Armstrong Edward , Valdes Paul , House Jo , Singarayer Joy 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of CO2 on the amplitude, frequency, and mechanisms of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability in millennial simulations of the HadCM3 coupled climate model. Multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) and empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) are applied to the AMOC at four quasi-equilibrium CO2 forcings. The amount of variance explained by the first and second eigenmodes appears to be small (i.e., 11.19%); however, the results indicate that both AMOC strength and variability weaken at higher CO2 concentrations. This accompanies an apparent shift from a predominant 100–125-yr cycle at 350 ppm to 160 yr at 1400 ppm. Changes in amplitude are shown to feed back onto the atmosphere. Variability may be linked to salinity-driven density changes in the Greenland–Iceland–Norwegian Seas, fueled by advection of anomalies predominantly from the Arctic and Caribbean regions. A positive density anomaly accompanies a decrease in stratification and an increase in convection and Ekman pumping, generating a strong phase of the AMOC (and vice versa). Arctic anomalies may be generated via an internal ocean mode that may be key in driving variability and are shown to weaken at higher CO2, possibly driving the overall reduction in amplitude. Tropical anomalies may play a secondary role in modulating variability and are thought to be more influential at higher CO2, possibly due to an increased residence time in the subtropical gyre and/or increased surface runoff driven by simulated dieback of the Amazon rain forest. These results indicate that CO2 may not only weaken AMOC strength but also alter the mechanisms that drive variability, both of which have implications for climate change on multicentury time scales.
The Impact of Improved Thermistor Calibration on the Expendable Bathythermograph Profile Data
Authors: Goes Marlos , Babcock Elizabeth , Bringas Francis , Ortner Peter , Goni Gustavo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractExpendable bathythermograph (XBT) data provide one of the longest available records of upper-ocean temperature. However, temperature and depth biases in XBT data adversely affect estimates of long-term trends of ocean heat content and, to a lesser extent, estimates of volume and heat transport in the ocean. Several corrections have been proposed to overcome historical biases in XBT data, which rely on constantly monitoring these biases. This paper provides an analysis of data collected during three recent hydrographic cruises that utilized different types of probes, and examines methods to reduce temperature and depth biases by improving the thermistor calibration and reducing the mass variability of the XBT probes.The results obtained show that the use of individual thermistor calibration in XBT probes is the most effective calibration to decrease the thermal bias, improving the mean thermal bias to less than 0.02°C and its tolerance from 0.1° to 0.03°C. The temperature variance of probes with screened thermistors is significantly reduced by approximately 60% in comparison to standard probes. On the other hand, probes with a tighter weight tolerance did not show statistically significant reductions in the spread of depth biases, possibly because of the small sample size or the sensitivity of the depth accuracy to other causes affecting the analysis.
A Longitudinal Examination of the Fourth Grade Slump in Creativity
Authors: Torrance E. Paul 
Published: July 2017

From September 1959 to May 1964 the children enrolled in a university and a public elementary school were tested each year with a battery of tests of creative thinking. Relatively complete data were obtained for 350 children. A random sample of 100 cases was drawn from this pool for further analysis. All raw scores were converted to standard or T-scores based on fifth grade comparison group norms. The results showed that when studied longitudinally, there are statistically significant slumps in fluency, flexibility, originality and elaboration. Although from 45 to 61 percent of the subjects showed significant slumps (losses of five or more standard score points), there were a few who showed significant increases ranging from 11 percent on fluency to 38 percent on elaboration. There is a general recovery trend in the fifth grade but from 16 to 29 percent show decreases of five or more standard score points between the third and fifth grades. Many children end up with lower scores in the fifth grade than they attained in the third grade. The proportion ranges from 21 percent on elaboration to 52 percent on fluency. In general there is the strongest tendency for growth in elaboration and the weakest In fluency.
Career Education for Gifted Pre-Adolescents
Authors: Fox Lynn H. 
Published: July 2017

Most children have very few opportunities to learn about the world of work, especially about professional careers that are not highly visible to the public. Intellectually gifted studnts are as likely to need career education and counseling as are less academically oriented students. The type of career education they require will be different, however. Yet, few programs have considered that problem. In this paper a career awareness program developed by the Intellectually Gifted Child Study Group at The Johns Hopkins University and pilot-tested in Baltimore City Public Schools is described. This program was unique in its efforts to combine the teaching of fasic skills and mathematical concepts not typically included in the general elementary school curriculums with exposure of the students to professional mathematicians in small-group situations. The pilot program consisted of four mini-courses, one each in geometry, statistics, probability, and computer science. Twenty-four fourth, fifth and sixth grade students (12 boys and 12 girls) participated. The reactions to the program from students and parents were very favorable. A study of what the children actually learned from the courses was conducted. The program proved to be effective in teaching mathematical concepts as wella s increasing students' interests in scientific and mathematical careers. It is hoped that this project can be continued and expanded into other areas besides mathematics.
Some Cues for the Distinction Between Voiced and Voiceless Stops in Initial Position
Authors: Liberman A. M. , Delattre P. C. , Cooper F. S. 
Published: July 2017

Experiments with synthetic speech produced by the Pattern Playback indicated that the voiced stops in initial position could be made to sound like their voiceless counterparts by cutting back the beginning of the first-formant transition. Normally, the cutback of the first formant raises its starting frequency and also delays the time at which it begins relative to the other two formants. Both these changes appeared, in general, to be necessary. With certain combinations of stop and back vowel, however, a delay in the onset of the first formant was by itself sufficient to produce a strong voiceless effect. Substituting noise for harmonics in the transitions of the second and third formants (for the duration of the first-formant cutback) increased the impression of voicelessness over that obtained with cutback alone. In judging stimuli that lay near phoneme boundaries, many listeners demonstrated what appeared to be a very high degree of acuity. It is possible that this is the result of long experience in the use of the language and thus represents an effect of learning on perception.