bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications associated with intrauterine glass marbles in five mares
Authors: de Amorim Mariana Diel , Chenier Tracey , Nairn Dawne , Green Jodyne , Manning Stephen , Card Claire 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION 5 mares were evaluated because of reproductive complications following long-term (> 1 year) use of intrauterine glass marbles for estrus suppression.
CLINICAL FINDINGS 3 mares had 1 intrauterine glass marble, and 2 mares had 2 intrauterine glass marbles. On examination, 2 mares had signs of chronic endometritis, and 3 had signs of pyometra. Marbles or glass shards adhered to the endometrium were identified by means of hysteroscopy in 3 of 5 mares. Five of 7 marbles had surface imperfections or were broken.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME All patients were treated with uterine lavage and intrauterine and systemic administration of antimicrobials chosen on the basis of results of bacterial culture and susceptibility testing. Two of 5 mares were treated with intrauterine Tris-EDTA. One mare underwent 3 unsuccessful embryo transfer procedures and was subsequently lost to follow-up. One mare was euthanized because of severe vaginal and cervical adhesions and chronic vaginal discharge. Three mares had no apparent signs of reproductive disease at the time of follow-up but were not rebred.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of the present small case series suggested that use of intrauterine glass marbles should be discouraged because of the potential for severe reproductive consequences.
Assertability conditions of epistemic (and fictional) attitudes and mood variation
Authors: Mari Alda 
Published: November 2016

Italian is a well-known exception to the cross-linguistic generalization according to which `belief' predicates are indicative selectors across languages. We newly propose that languages that select the subjunctive with epistemic predicates allow us to see a systematic polysemy between what we call an expressive-`belief' (featuring only a doxastic dimension) and an inquisitive-`belief' (featuring both a doxastic and an epistemic dimension conveying doxastic certainty (in the assertion) and epistemic uncertainty (in the presupposition)). We offer several previously unseen contrasts proving this distinction and offer a new analysis for mood choice cross-linguistically. We argue that the distinction between expressive and inquisitive attitudes is not an idiosyncrasy of non-factive epistemics. We provide novel data, showing that fictional predicates (dream, imagine) license the subjunctive. We explain the indicative/subjunctive alternation by again appealing to epistemic uncertainty and disentangling expressive from inquisitive-fictional meanings. We thus pave the way for a new typology of attitudes relying on this systematic polysemy and propose new criteria to explain mood distribution cross-linguistically.
Up to n: Pragmatic inference about an optimal lower bound
Authors: Qing Ciyang 
Published: November 2016

This paper focuses on English directional modified numerals up to n, which triggers opposite inference patterns in speaker-uncertainty and authoritative-permission contexts. I propose that these opposite inference patterns are due to pragmatic inference about an unspecified semantic lower bound of up to n, based on its similarities to gradable adjectives and vague characteristics. The value of the semantic lower bound in different contexts is predicted by a general pragmatic principle of interaction between informativity and applicability independently motivated in previous probabilistic models on gradable adjectives.
Adjectival 'as'-phrases as intensional secondary predicates
Authors: Zobel Sarah 
Published: November 2016

This paper focuses on adjectival as-phrases that co-occur with transitive verbs, and contribute additional information on the verb’s internal arguments. I claim that these as-phrases behave like secondary predicates, specifically object-oriented depictives, but—in contrast to object-oriented depictives—contribute intensional content, a modal property. In the course of the paper, I delimit the type of as-phrases that are covered in this paper, and propose a formal analysis for these cases that builds on results by Rothstein (2003) on object-oriented depictives, and the notion of information-based modality in Kratzer 2012. I show how the analysis captures the entailment patterns found with these as-phrases, and how it can be extended to related nominal as-phrases.
ISOLATING THE YOUNG STELLAR POPULATION IN THE OUTER DISK OF NGC 300*
Authors: Hillis Tristan J. , Williams Benjamin F. , Dolphin Andrew E. , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Skillman Evan D. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
The recent star formation history (SFH) in the outer disk of NGC 300 is presented through the analysis of color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs). We analyze resolved stellar photometry by creating CMDs from four Hubble Space Telescope fields containing a combination of images from the Advanced Camera for Surveys and the UVIS imager aboard the Wide Field Camera 3. From the best models of these CMDs, we derive the SFH in order to extract the young stellar component for the past 200 Myr. We find that the young stellar disk of NGC 300 is unbroken out to at least ∼8 scale lengths (including an upper limit out to ∼10 scale lengths) with

, which is similar to the total stellar surface brightness profile. This unbroken profile suggests that NGC 300 is undisturbed, similar to the isolated disk galaxy NGC 2403. We compare the environments of NGC 300, NGC 2403, and M33 along with the properties of the gas and stellar disks. We find that the disturbed H i outer disk morphology is not accompanied by a break in the young stellar disk. This may indicate that processes which affect the outer H i morphology may not leave an imprint on the young stellar disk.
L’esclavage en Guyane, 1652-1848
Authors: Choucoutou Lydie 
Published: November 2016

L’esclavage se décline, en Guyane, selon des modalités qui lui sont propres : une population servile introuvable, la faible présence de la canne à sucre et des « habitations » d’envergure modeste avec, pour conséquence, des résultats économiques médiocres en comparaison des autres colonies françaises. Cette singularité découle d’une situation géographique périphérique, d’une conquête territoriale inaboutie et d’une insolvabilité récurrente des colons. Ce faisant, ces particularités n’ont en rien altéré les conditions d’oppression inhérentes à ce mode de production, d’où des formes de résistance analogues à celles qui ont existé dans l’Amérique des plantations.
Une forme de résistance judiciaire à l’esclavage : les actions en affranchissement devant les juridictions françaises au xix e siècle
Authors: Charlin Frédéric 
Published: November 2016

L’affranchissement de l’esclave est un acte juridique dont la signification évolue dans le temps. La liberté octroyée par un acte privé, relevant du pouvoir domestique, devient peu à peu un acte administratif, taxé par l’État. L’affranchissement est même porteur d’un « droit à la liberté » au xix e siècle, alors que les juges locaux continuent d’y voir l’exercice de l’ abusus par le propriétaire. La Cour de cassation raisonne du point de vue de l’état des personnes, en faveur d’une liberté de droit permettant de régulariser des affranchis « libres de fait », qui défendent leurs intérêts devant la justice.
La fin du bagne de Guyane : entre droit et politique (1932-1940)
Authors: Bendjebbar André 
Published: November 2016

Il est des peines qui naissent avec éclat, puis meurent, honteuses d’elles-mêmes : telle est l’histoire de la transportation outre-mer. Cette peine reçut en 1854 une onction éclatante. Elle est morte au printemps 1938, dissimulée parmi des décrets de nature économique. La condamnation aux travaux forcés en Guyane disparut grâce à une habileté constitutionnelle si fine, qu’elle est passée inaperçue à des cohortes de chercheurs et de folliculaires. La Fin du bagne de Guyane : entre droit et politique (1932-1940) montre le travail préparatif de Paul Matter, premier président de la Cour de cassation, et l’engagement de Gaston Monnerville, avocat, député de Guyane, un temps sous-secrétaire d’État. Grâce à eux, en silence, une institution vieille de près d’un siècle mourut d’une anesthésie douce.
Corneal Scheimpflug Densitometry Following Photorefractive Keratectomy in Myopic Eyes
Authors: Boulze-Pankert Marie , Dariel Romuald , Hoffart Louis 
Published: November 2016

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the modification of corneal optical densitometry following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using Scheimpflug topography.

METHODS:
Corneal densitometry (0 to 100 grayscale units [GSU]), pachymetry, and keratometry were evaluated using a rotating Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam HR; Oculus Optikgeräte, GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) at baseline and 1 and 3 months following PRK in myopic patients. Subjective refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, and corneal haze (0 to 4 on common subjective scale) were evaluated preoperatively at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months.

RESULTS:

The study included 75 eyes (38 right eyes, 37 left). The preoperative mean spherical equivalent and cylinder were −2.28 ± 1.24 and 0.92 ± 0.65 diopters (D), respectively. Maximal corneal densitometry (central 4 mm) was 27.44 ± 1.93 GSU at baseline. At 1 month postoperatively, corneal haze with a mean clinical grade of 0.54 ± 0.45 (
P
< .0001) was observed, associated with corneal densitometry increased to 29.69 ± 5.16 GSU (
P
> .05). At 3 months postoperatively, mean clinical haze decreased to 0.11 ± 0.24 (
P
< .0001) and was associated with a significant decrease (
P
< .0001) in maximal densitometry (25.13 ± 3.42 GSU).

CONCLUSIONS:
Corneal densitometry could represent a useful objective measurement of postoperative mild corneal haze and aid in the rating and follow-up of refractive surgery.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(11):788–791.]
Shifting “Ectasia”: Interface Fluid Collection After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE)
Authors: Bansal Aashish K. , Murthy Somasheila I. , Maaz Syed M. , Sachdev Mahipal S. 
Published: November 2016

PURPOSE:
To report the first case and a new diagnostic sign of interface fluid collection following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:
Case report.

RESULTS:
A 20-year-old man underwent SMILE for correction of compound myopic astigmatism. Postoperative follow-up examination included vision testing, slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure measurement, corneal topography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The patient presented postoperatively with decreased vision in his right eye. Topography revealed an island of corneal steepening, the location of which kept shifting on successive visits. OCT revealed the presence of fluid pockets in the interface. The condition resolved with topical hypertonic saline and the uncorrected visual acuity recovered to 20/20. The intraocular pressure remained normal throughout.

CONCLUSIONS:
This is the first case report of interface fluid collection after SMILE. The report demonstrates shifting corneal “ectasia” (steepening) as a diagnostic sign of interface fluid collection. The authors recommend a new pathogenesis for this condition and suggest the use of topical hypertonic saline to treat this condition.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(11):773–775.]
Change in Anterior and Posterior Curvature After Cataract Surgery
Authors: Kim Yang Jae , Knorz Michael C. , Auffarth Gerd U. , Choi Chul Young 
Published: November 2016

PURPOSE:
To analyze the change in anterior and posterior corneal curvature after cataract surgery using a Placido-dual rotating Scheimpflug device.

METHODS:
In a prospective cross-sectional study, corneal curvature was measured using the Galilei G4 device (Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems, Port, Switzerland) preoperatively and 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months after cataract surgery with a temporal limbal self-sealing 2.2-mm incision. The surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was determined on the anterior and posterior surfaces.

RESULTS:
Fifty-nine patients (68 eyes) were assessed. Based on the anterior corneal surface, 16 (23.5%) eyes had a vertically steep meridian (with-the-rule [WTR] astigmatism), 32 (47.1%) had a horizontally steep meridian (against-the-rule [ATR] astigmatism), and 20 (29.4%) had oblique astigmatism. Based on the posterior corneal surface, 2 (2.9%) eyes had a horizontally steep meridian (ATR astigmatism), 62 (91.2%) had a vertically steep meridian (WTR astigmatism), and 4 (5.9%) had oblique astigmatism. SIA of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces was 0.61 ± 0.33 and 0.20 ± 0.17 diopters (D), respectively. However, there was no significant difference between the preoperative and the 6-month postoperative data in the Jackson coefficient orthogonal coordinate system for the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. SIA of WTR astigmatism of the posterior cornea was 0.19 ± 0.16 D at 6 months. Sixty-one of 62 eyes with WTR astigmatism in the posterior corneal surface still showed WTR astigmatism after cataract surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:
The tendency of SIA of the posterior cornea may not be uniform, but type of posterior corneal astigmatism did not change in most cases after the 2.2-mm temporal limbal incision cataract surgery.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(11):754–759.]
What’s in a name ? : Réécriture et lutte pour le nom
Authors: Weeber Jeanne 
Published: November 2016

Lorsque Jean Rhys décide de narrer, dans Wide Sargasso Sea (1966), l’histoire de la première femme de Rochester, elle cherche à réhabiliter l’image, qu’elle estime salie, de la femme antillaise telle que la dépeint Charlotte Brontë dans Jane Eyre (1847). Aimé Césaire, dans Une Tempête (1969), procède d’une démarche analogue en transposant dans l’Amérique esclavagiste, The Tempest de Shakespeare (1611). Aujourd’hui, le roman d’Albert Camus, L’Etranger (1942), se voit opposer un droit de réponse dans Meursault, contre-enquête de Kamel Daoud (2014). Le petit frère du personnage de l’Arabe rétablit l’innocence et l’identité du mort et met en accusation tout à la fois le narrateur camusien, la France colonialiste et l’Algérie actuelle. Ces romans ont en commun l’importance accordée à la nécessité de nommer des personnages restés des « types ». Ces trois œuvres, souvent qualifiées de « post-coloniales », prouvent le pouvoir de la Littérature dans la marche de l’Histoire en tant qu’arme de la lutte pour le Verbe. L’idée de résistance à la littérature suppose de lui reconnaître une certaine nocuité, une faculté, alors même qu’elle se fantasme souvent comme un contre-discours, volontiers subversif, de contribuer à un ordre injuste. De plus, il apparaît qu’elle impose la forme de sa « résistance », le combat ne pouvant se faire efficacement que par la seule littérature.
Polyphonie et dialogisme comme stratégies littéraires de résistance en contexte soviétique : Moyshe Kulbak et Andreï Platonov.
Authors: Rousselet Cécile 
Published: November 2016

Résister à la littérature prend un sens particulier en contexte soviétique : face à l’hégémonie d’un discours idéologique dominant, univoque et saturé de sens, les écrivains développent des stratégies polyphoniques à même d’introduire dans leurs textes une ambiguïté structurelle, révélatrice d’une hétérodoxie signifiante. Andreï Platonov, « compagnon de route » écrivant en russe, et Moyshe Kulbak, écrivain yiddish en Union soviétique, se placent ainsi dans une écriture de l’entre-deux. Imitation, subversion, carnavalisation : autant de mécanismes littéraires qui permettent d’introduire dans les textes des espaces d’ambivalence qui peuvent, justement, rendre pleinement l’ambiguïté présente dans leur position de résistants en littérature. Par ces formes de subversion, qui intègrent l’idéologie soviétique tout autant qu’ils la dénoncent, les auteurs refusent de se retirer du paysage littéraire, et résistent au sein même du bastion qu’ils défendent.
Duck Tembusu Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Antagonizes IFN-β Signaling Pathways by Targeting VISA
Authors: Wang Junyong , Lei Cao-Qi , Ji Yanhong , Zhou Hongbo , Ren Yujie , Peng Qianqian , Zeng Yan , Jia Yane , Ge Jinying , Zhong Bo , Li Yu , Wei Jianzhong , Shu Hong-Bing , Zhu Qiyun 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is an emergent infectious pathogen that has caused severe disease in ducks and huge economic losses to the poultry industry in China since 2009. Previously, we showed that DTMUV inhibits IFN-β induction early in infection; however, the mechanisms of the inhibition of innate immune responses remain poorly understood. In this study, we screened DTMUV-encoded structural and nonstructural proteins using reporter assays and found that DTMUV NS1 markedly suppressed virus-triggered IFN-β expression by inhibiting retinoic acid–inducible gene I–like receptor signaling. Moreover, we found that DTMUV NS1 specifically interacted with the C-terminal domain of virus-induced signaling adaptor and impaired the association of retinoic acid–inducible gene I or melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 and virus-induced signaling adaptor, thereby downregulating the retinoic acid–inducible gene I–like receptor–mediated signal transduction and cellular antiviral responses, leading to evasion of the innate immune response. Together, our findings reveal a novel mechanism manipulated by DTMUV to circumvent the host antiviral immune response.
Low Constitutive Cell Surface Expression of HLA-B Is Caused by a Posttranslational Mechanism Involving Glu180 and Arg239
Authors: Dellgren Christoffer , Ekwelum Vanessa A. C. , Ormhøj Maria , Pallesen Nicole , Knudsen Julie , Nehlin Jan O. , Barington Torben 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
HLA class I cell surface expression is crucial for normal immune responses, and variability in HLA expression may influence the course of infections. We have previously shown that classical HLA class I expression on many human cell types is biased with greatly reduced expression of HLA-B compared with HLA-A in the absence of inflammatory signals. In the search for the mechanisms responsible for this discrepancy, we have recently reported that the regulation is mainly posttranslational and that the C-terminal part of the α2 domain and the α3 domain contain the molecular determinants that explain most of the variability of expression between common HLA-A and -B allomorphs. In this study, we present a fine mapping of the structural determinants that allow such variability by exchanging key amino acids located within the C-terminal part of the α2 domain and the α3 domain of HLA-A2 and -B8, including Glu/Asp at position 177, Gln/Glu at position 180, Gly/Arg at position 239, and Pro/Ser at position 280. We found that the HLA-A2 and -B8 expression profiles could be interconverted to a large extent by mutual exchange of Gln/Glu at position 180 or by Gly/Arg at position 239. The presence of Gln180 and Gly239, as in HLA-A2, led to higher cell surface expression levels when compared with the presence of Glu180 and Arg239, as in HLA-B8. This indicates that the amino acids at positions 180 and 239 determine the level of cell surface expression of common HLA-A and -B allomorphs, probably by affecting HLA processing in the Ag presentation pathway.
Environmental heterogeneity at different scales: key factors affecting caddisfly larvae assemblages in standing waters within a lowland river catchment
Authors: Buczyńska Edyta , Czachorowski Stanisław , Buczyński Paweł , Pakulnicka Joanna , Stępień Edyta , Szlauer-Łukaszewska Agnieszka , Stryjecki Robert , Zawal Andrzej 
Published: November 2016

<p>We examined the importance of environmental parameters at different spatial scales influencing the occurrence of caddisfly larvae at different levels of their organization (species, faunistic metrics and functional groups) in lentic floodplain waters, in order to gain information on the ecological status and management of a small lowland river catchment. <br />At the lowest spatial level – pH, sediment grain size, insolation and the presence of aquatic macrophytes proved significant for caddisfly larvae, at higher and the highest level (including buffer zones and the catchment) – the surface areas of watercourses and the river, distance from standing waters and distance from broadleaf forests, respectively. Rheophilous hydropsychids accounted for 17% of the whole fauna of the examined water bodies. They spread from the river via water during flood in the spring. We also detected some significant correlations between functional groups of caddisfly larvae and parameters describing buffer zones and the river catchment against the sub-catchment type use. Information provided by the Caddisfly Habitat Index showed an overall good ecological status of the river-floodplain. Caddisfly larvae may be good indicators of numerous factors and processes, but they should be studied comprehensively, at different levels of organization. Our results can be useful for preservation of biodiversity and management of river valleys. We suggest: 1) maintaining the varied structure of aquatic macrophytes in water bodies, 2) securing the long-term presence of broadleaf trees in buffer zones in order to provide detritus input, varied insolation and shelter for caddisflies, 3) limiting drainage activities in the river valley in order to save varied habitats, especially temporary ones, 4) providing heterogeneous landscape in the river catchment (homogenous land use is inappropriate). </p>
The Influence of Friction Between Football Helmet and Jersey Materials on Force: A Consideration for Sport Safety
Authors: Rossi Anthony M. , Claiborne Tina L. , Thompson Gregory B. , Todaro Stacey 
Published: November 2016

Context:
The pocketing effect of helmet padding helps to dissipate forces experienced by the head, but if the player's helmet remains stationary in an opponent's shoulder pads, the compressive force on the cervical spine may increase.

Objective:
To (1) measure the coefficient of static friction between different football helmet finishes and football jersey fabrics and (2) calculate the potential amount of force on a player's helmet due to the amount of friction present.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Helmets with different finishes and different football jersey fabrics.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The coefficient of friction was determined for 2 helmet samples (glossy and matte), 3 football jerseys (collegiate, high school, and youth), and 3 types of jersey numbers (silkscreened, sublimated, and stitched on) using the TAPPI T 815 standard method. These measurements determined which helmet-to-helmet, helmet-to-jersey number, and helmet-to-jersey material combination resulted in the least amount of static friction.

Results:
The glossy helmet versus glossy helmet combination produced a greater amount of static friction than the other 2 helmet combinations (P = .013). The glossy helmet versus collegiate jersey combination produced a greater amount of static friction than the other helmet-to-jersey material combinations (P &lt; .01). The glossy helmet versus silkscreened numbers combination produced a greater amount of static friction than the other helmet-to-jersey number combinations (P &lt; .01).

Conclusions:
The force of static friction experienced during collisions can be clinically relevant. Conditions with higher coefficients of static friction result in greater forces. In this study, the highest coefficient of friction (glossy helmet versus silkscreened number) could increase the forces on the player's helmet by 3553.88 N when compared with other helmet-to-jersey combinations. Our results indicate that the makeup of helmet and uniform materials may affect sport safety.