bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrospinning Hetero‐Nanofibers of Fe3C‐Mo2C/Nitrogen‐Doped‐Carbon as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Lin Huanlei , Zhang Wenbiao , Shi Zhangping , Che Minwei , Yu Xiang , Tang Yi , Gao Qingsheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHeterostructured electrocatalysts with multiple active components are expected to synchronously address the two elementary steps in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which require varied hydrogen‐binding strength on the catalyst surface. Herein, electrospinning followed by a pyrolysis is introduced to design Fe3C‐Mo2C/nitrogen‐doped carbon (Fe3C‐Mo2C/NC) hetero‐nanofibers (HNFs) with tunable composition, leading to abundant Fe3C‐Mo2C hetero‐interfaces for synergy in electrocatalysis. Owing to the strong hydrogen binding on Mo2C and the relatively weak one on Fe3C, the hetero‐interfaces of Fe3C‐Mo2C remarkably promote HER kinetics and intrinsic activity. Additionally, the loose and porous N‐doped carbon matrix, as a result of Fe‐catalyzed carbonization, ensures the fast transport of electrolytes and electrons, thus minimizing diffusion limitation. As expected, the optimized Fe3C‐Mo2C/NC HNFs afforded a low overpotential of 116 mV at a current density of −10 mA cm−2 and striking kinetics metrics (onset overpotential: 42 mV, Tafel slope: 43 mV dec−1) in 0.5 m H2SO4, outperforming most recently reported noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts.
Identification of parathyroid tissue in thyroid fine‐needle aspiration: A combined approach using cytology, immunohistochemical, and molecular methods
Authors: Domingo Robert P. , Ogden Lorna L. , Been Laura C. , Kennedy Giulia C. , Traweek S. Thomas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesParathyroid (PT) lesions can be difficult to recognize in thyroid fine needle aspirations (FNAs), and when not identified correctly, PT cells may be mistaken for potentially abnormal thyroid cells. We therefore studied the utility of combining cytology, immunohistochemistry, and a molecular classifier to identify PT cells in thyroid FNAs.MethodsThyroid FNAs were received in CytoLyt, and were evaluated initially using The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology (TBSRTC). The PT molecular classifier was performed along with the Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (GEC) on samples with indeterminate cytology. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PT was performed on all samples using Cellient cell block sections. Clinical and ultrasound information was collected, when available.ResultsPT tissue was identified in 60 thyroid FNAs. Forty‐seven (47) samples had cytologic features that were suggestive of PT cells, and were subsequently confirmed with IHC. Thirteen (13) samples were not recognized as PT, and were considered to be either Bethesda III or IV indeterminate thyroid nodules; a PT gene expression signature was subsequently detected by the GEC. These samples were also confirmed as PT by IHC. Clinical and ultrasound features were suggestive of a PT lesion in only a third of cases.ConclusionsCytologic features, coupled with IHC, can identify intrathyroidal PT cells in the majority of CytoLyt samples. However, a significant minority (22%) of these FNAs may be misclassified as indeterminate by TBSRTC criteria, and molecular detection of the PT tissue can be helpful to potentially avoid an additional biopsy or diagnostic surgery. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:526–532. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Climate change effects on rangelands and rangeland management: affirming the need for monitoring
Authors: Mccollum Daniel W. , Tanaka John A. , Morgan Jack A. , Mitchell John E. , Fox William E. , Maczko Kristie A. , Hidinger Lori , Duke Clifford S. , Kreuter Urs P. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Uncertainty as to the extent and magnitude of changes in conditions that might occur due to climate change poses a problem for land and resource managers as they seek to adapt to changes and mitigate effects of climate variability. We illustrate using scenarios of projected future conditions on rangelands in the Northern Great Plains and Desert Southwest of the United States. These two regions are different in the ways climate change is projected to affect the regions. Projection of a longer and warmer growing season in the Northern Great Plains could lead to increased forage production and land productivity. Highly uncertain effects on summer monsoons that primarily control rangeland productivity in the Desert Southwest, combined with the possibility of more intense and/or frequent drought events, could present land managers with challenges stemming from decreased forage production and land productivity. Climate projections, though uncertain, provide land managers with basic insight into future conditions they might encounter. They need more. A focus on vulnerability and resilience, with explicit recognition of interactions between ecological and socio‐economic factors, coupled with systematic monitoring and assessment of observable conditions on the land to supplement information based on climate projections, will more effectively provide critical and specific information managers need to adaptively manage rangelands under uncertain climate futures.
Associations with and prognostic impact of chronic kidney disease in heart failure with preserved, mid‐range, and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Löfman Ida , Szummer Karolina , Dahlström Ulf , Jernberg Tomas , Lund Lars H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimsAs the role of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in different types of heart failure (HF) is poorly understood, our aim was to compare CKD in HF with preserved (HFpEF), mid‐range (HFmrEF), and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with regard to prevalence, associations and prognostic role.Methods and resultsPatients in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry were divided into three groups based on EF (≥50%, 40–49% and <40%). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤60 mL/min.1.73 m2. Associations between covariates and CKD and between CKD and mortality were assessed with multivariable regressions. Of 40 230 patients, 8875 (22%) had HFpEF, 8374 (21%) had HFmrEF, and 22 981 (57%) had HFrEF, with a CKD prevalence of 56%, 48%, and 45%, respectively. Associations between covariates and CKD were similar in all EF groups. One‐year mortality with vs. without CKD was 23% vs. 13% in HFpEF, 22% vs. 8% in HFmrEF, and 23% vs. 8% in HFrEF (P < 0.001 for all). After adjustment, CKD was more strongly associated with death in HFrEF and HFmrEF than in HFpEF [hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI); 1.49 (1.42–1.56) and 1.51 (1.40–1.63) vs. 1.32 (1.24–1.42); P for interaction <0.001]. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, CKD was also a stronger predictor of death in HFrEF and HFmrEF than in HFpEF [area under the curve (AUC) 0.699 (0.689–0.709) and 0.700 (0.683–0.716) vs. 0.629 (0.613–0.645)].ConclusionCKD was associated with similar covariates regardless of EF. Although CKD was more common in HFpEF than in HFmrEF and HFrEF, it may have more of a ‘bystander’ role in HFpEF, being less associated with mortality and with lower prognostic discrimination.
Muscle mass decline, arterial stiffness, white matter hyperintensity, and cognitive impairment: Japan Shimanami Health Promoting Program study
Authors: Kohara Katsuhiko , Okada Yoko , Ochi Masayuki , Ohara Maya , Nagai Tokihisa , Tabara Yasuharu , Igase Michiya 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is a close association between frailty and cognitive impairment. However, the underlying contribution of sarcopenia to the development of cognitive impairment is unclear. We investigated the possible association between muscle mass decline and cognitive impairment in a cross‐sectional study of 1518 subjects aged 55 years or above. We also evaluated arterial stiffness and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) as possible underlying mechanisms for this association.MethodsTwo sarcopenic indices were measured: thigh muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA; calculated by computed tomography) and skeletal muscle mass (bioelectric impedance). Muscle mass decline was defined as either the bottom 10% or 20% of participants for each sex. Cognitive function was assessed using the Touch Panel‐type Dementia Assessment Scale, and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity was measured as an index of arterial stiffness.ResultsBoth sarcopenic indices were modestly but significantly associated with brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity in male and female subjects. The presence of WMHs was significantly associated with low thigh muscle CSA in men and with low skeletal muscle mass in women. The Touch Panel‐type Dementia Assessment Scale score was modestly but significantly and positively associated with thigh muscle CSA in men and skeletal muscle mass in women. Muscle mass decline in the bottom 10% of participants on both sarcopenic indices was significantly and independently related to cognitive impairment in women.ConclusionsLower sarcopenic indices are significantly related to lower cognitive scores. Arterial stiffness and WMHs could account, at least in part, for this association.
Evaluating population expansion of black bears using spatial capture‐recapture
Authors: Sun Catherine C. , Fuller Angela K. , Hare Matthew P. , Hurst Jeremy E. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe population of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in southern New York, USA has been growing and expanding in range since the 1990s. This has motivated a need to anticipate future patterns of range expansion. We conducted a non‐invasive, genetic, spatial capture‐recapture (SCR) study to estimate black bear density and identify spatial patterns of population density that are potentially associated with range expansion. We collected hair samples in a 2,519‐km2 study area in southern New York with barbed‐wire hair snares and identified individuals and measured genetic diversity using 7 microsatellite loci and 1 sex‐linked marker. We estimated a mean density of black bears in the region of 13.7 bears/100 km2, and detected a slight latitudinal gradient in density consistent with the documented range expansion. However, elevation and the amounts of forest, crop, and developed landcover types did not influence density, suggesting that bears are using a diversity of resources in this heterogeneous landscape outside their previously described distribution. These results provide the first robust baseline estimates for population density and distribution associated with different landcover types in the expanded bear range. Further, genetic diversity was comparable to that of non‐expanding black bear populations in the eastern United States, and in combination with the latitudinal density gradient, suggest that the study area is not at the colonizing front of the range expansion. In addition, the diversity of landcover types used by bears in the study area implies a possible lack of constraints for further northern expansion of the black bear range. Our non‐invasive, genetic, spatial capture‐recapture approach has utility for studying populations of other species that may be expanding in range because SCR allows for the testing of explicit, spatial ecological hypotheses. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Exercise for chronic musculoskeletal pain: A biopsychosocial approach
Authors: Booth John , Moseley G. Lorimer , Schiltenwolf Marcus , Cashin Aidan , Davies Michael , Hübscher Markus 
Published: March 2017

AbstractChronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) refers to ongoing pain felt in the bones, joints and tissues of the body that persists longer than 3 months. For these conditions, it is widely accepted that secondary pathologies or the consequences of persistent pain, including fear of movement, pain catastrophizing, anxiety and nervous system sensitization appear to be the main contributors to pain and disability. While exercise is a primary treatment modality for CMP, the intent is often to improve physical function with less attention to secondary pathologies. Exercise interventions for CMP which address secondary pathologies align with contemporary pain rehabilitation practices and have greater potential to improve patient outcomes above exercise alone. Biopsychosocial treatment which acknowledges and addresses the biological, psychological and social contributions to pain and disability is currently seen as the most efficacious approach to chronic pain. This clinical update discusses key aspects of a biopsychosocial approach concerning exercise prescription for CMP and considers both patient needs and clinician competencies. There is consensus for individualized, supervised exercise based on patient presentation, goals and preference that is perceived as safe and non‐threatening to avoid fostering unhelpful associations between physical activity and pain. The weight of evidence supporting exercise for CMP has been provided by aerobic and resistance exercise studies, although there is considerable uncertainty on how to best apply the findings to exercise prescription. In this clinical update, we also provide evidence‐based guidance on exercise prescription for CMP through a synthesis of published work within the field of exercise and CMP rehabilitation.
Identification of Potential Plasma microRNA Stratification Biomarkers for Response to Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mallinson David J. , Dunbar Donald R. , Ridha Susan , Sutton Elizabeth R. , De la Rosa Olga , Dalemans Wilfried , Lombardo Eleuterio 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The ability to identify and stratify patients that will respond to specific therapies has been transformational in a number of disease areas, particularly oncology. It is anticipated that this will also be the case for cell-based therapies, particularly in complex and heterogeneous diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently, clinical results with expanded allogenic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (eASCs) have indicated clinical efficacy in highly refractory RA patients. In this study, we set out to determine if circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) could be identified as potential biomarkers associated with response to eASCs in these RA patients. The miRNA expression profiles of pre-treatment plasma samples from responder and nonresponder patients were determined using microarrays. Ten miRNAs were identified that were differentially expressed in the responder group as compared to the nonresponder group. To confirm the differential expression of these 10 miRNA biomarkers, they were further assayed by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). From this analysis, three miRNAs, miR-26b-5p, miR-487b-3p and miR-495-3p, were confirmed as being statistically significantly upregulated in the responder group as compared with the nonresponder group. Receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed their diagnostic potential. These miRNAs could represent novel candidate stratification biomarkers associated with RA patient response to eASCs and are worthy of further clinical validation.
Tillering dynamics of Mulato grass subjected to strategies of rotational grazing management
Authors: DA SILVA S. C. , CHIAVEGATO M. B. , PENA K. S. , SILVEIRA M. C. T. , BARBERO L. M. , JUNIOR S. J. S. , RODRIGUES C. S. , LIMÃO V. A. , PEREIRA L. E. T. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYPlants’ ability to rebuild their tiller population is affected by weather changes and management strategies. The hypothesis of the present study was that frequency and severity of defoliation alter Mulato grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis × Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) sward development, and the proportion of aerial and basal tillers, interfering with sward stability. The objective was to evaluate aerial, basal and total tiller population density and changes in tillering dynamics. Treatments corresponded to strategies of rotational grazing characterized by combinations between two pre-grazing (95% and maximum canopy light interception during regrowth; LI95% and LIMax) and two post-grazing conditions (15 and 20 cm stubble height). The experimental period comprised four seasons of the year: summer 2008 (February–March 2008); autumn–early spring (April to mid-November 2008); late spring (mid-November–December 2008); and summer 2009 (January–March 2009). Density of aerial tillers decreased from summer 2008 to late spring. Tiller death decreased from summer 2008 to autumn–early spring. Aerial and total tiller death increased from late spring to summer 2009, mainly for the LI95% treatment. No differences were observed in the tiller population stability index of aerial tillers for LI treatments or post-grazing heights. The balance between tiller appearance and death for basal tillers remained relatively stable from summer 2008 to late spring. For aerial tillers the balance decreased to negative values from summer 2008 to autumn–early spring for both LI treatments. For total tiller population, the balance decreased to negative values from summer 2008 to autumn–early spring. Results indicated a strong seasonal effect on Mulato grass tillering and growth. Tillering dynamics were affected primarily by grazing frequency, which changed the relative importance of basal and aerial tillers. The results suggested that basal tillering was the predominant perennation pathway.
Food-based dietary guidelines: a comparative analysis between the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population 2006 and 2014
Authors: Oliveira Mayara Sanay da Silva , Silva-Amparo Ligia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveIn 2014, the Brazilian Ministry of Health launched the second edition of the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population (DGBP), which deploys the new food classification NOVA. It esteems that the second DGBP overcomes the limitations in the previous food guide, reformulating the diet concepts, food pattern, culture and system. The present paper analyses the advances and limits established in the second edition, contrasting with its first edition.DesignThe study employs a discourse analysis. The corpus was established through four stages: (i) floating reading of the empirical materials; (ii) deepening readings; (iii) selected discursive sequences; and (iv) organization of the discursive sequences into a matrix for analysis. The data analysis used three steps: (i) identification of similar texts in external materials; (ii) elucidation of linguistic effect through deepening readings of the external materials; and (iii) systematic analysis to identify sequences that expressed equivalence or disparities.SettingBrazil.SubjectsDGBP 2006 and 2014.ResultsAdoption of the NOVA food classification, based on food processing level, enabled the development of dietary guidelines that consider the limitations of the nutritional discourse and may incorporate the sociocultural and social-environmental discourses, evoking pleasure in food, diversity of feeding habits and stimulating culinary practices as promoters of healthy eating practices.ConclusionsThe second DGBP enables a new way of thinking about meals and foods, on the strengthening of socio-cultural dimensions of feeding, and on addressing food and nutritional guidelines on culinary practices, eating and edibility.
Dyadic psychological intervention for patients with cancer and caregivers in home-based specialized palliative care: The Domus model
Authors: von Heymann-Horan Annika B. , Puggaard Louise B. , Nissen Kathrine G. , Benthien Kirstine Skov , Bidstrup Pernille , Coyne James , Johansen Christoffer , Kjellberg Jakob , Nordly Mie , Sjøgren Per , Timm Helle , von der Maase Hans , Guldin Mai-Britt 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:Patients with incurable cancer and their informal caregivers have numerous psychological and psychosocial needs. Many of these patients wish to receive their care and die at home. Few home-based specialized palliative care (SPC) interventions systematically integrate psychological support. We present a psychological intervention for patient–caregiver dyads developed for an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) of home-based SPC, known as Domus, as well as the results of an assessment of its acceptability and feasibility.Method:The Domus model of SPC for patients with incurable cancer and their caregivers offered systematic psychological assessment and dyadic intervention as part of interdisciplinary care. Through accelerated transition to SPC, the aim of the model was to enhance patients' chances of receiving care and dying at home. Integration of psychological support sought to facilitate this goal by alleviating distress in patients and caregivers. Psychologists provided needs-based sessions based on existential-phenomenological therapy. Feasibility and acceptability were investigated by examining enrollment, nonparticipation, and completion of psychological sessions.Results:Enrollment in the RCT and uptake of the psychological intervention indicated that it was feasible and acceptable to patients and caregivers. The strengths of the intervention included its focus on dyads, psychological distress, and existential concerns, as well as interdisciplinary collaboration and psychological interventions offered according to need. Its main limitation was a lack of an intervention for other family members.Significance of Results:Our results show that psychological intervention can be systematically integrated into SPC and that it appears feasible to provide dyadic needs-based sessions with an existential therapeutic approach. The Domus RCT will provide evidence of the efficacy of a novel model of multidisciplinary SPC.
Perceptions of the care received from Australian palliative care services: A caregiver perspective
Authors: Pidgeon Tanya M. , Johnson Claire E. , Lester Leanne , Currow David , Yates Patsy , Allingham Samuel F. , Bird Sonia , Eagar Kathy 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBackground:Caregiver satisfaction and experience surveys help health professionals to understand, measure, and improve the quality of care provided for patients and their families.Objective:Our aim was to explore caregiver perceptions of the care received from Australian specialist palliative care services.Method:Caregivers of patients receiving palliative care in services registered with Australia's Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration were invited to participate in a caregiver survey. The survey included the FAMCARE–2 and four items from the Ongoing Needs Identification: Caregiver Profile questionnaire.Results:Surveys were completed by 1,592 caregivers from 49 services. Most respondents reported high satisfaction and positive experiences. Caregivers receiving care from community-based palliative care teams were less satisfied with the management of physical symptoms and comfort (odds ratio [OR] = 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI95%] = 0.14, 0.59), with patient psychological care (OR = 0.56; CI95% = 0.32, 0.98), and with family support (OR = 0.52; CI95% = 0.35, 0.77) than caregivers of patients in an inpatient setting. If aged over 60 years, caregivers were less likely to have their information needs met regarding available support services (OR = 0.98; CI95% = 0.97, 0.98) and carer payments (OR = 0.99; CI95% = 0.98, 1.00). Also, caregivers were less likely to receive adequate information about carer payments if located in an outer regional area (OR = 0.41; CI95% = 0.25, 0.64). With practical training, caregivers receiving care from community services reported inadequate information provision to support them in caring for patients (OR = 0.60; CI95% = 0.45, 0.81).Significance of Results:While our study identified caregivers as having positive and satisfactory experiences across all domains of care, there is room for improvement in the delivery of palliative care across symptom management, as well as patient and caregiver support, especially in community settings. Caregiver surveys can facilitate the identification and evaluation of both patients' and caregivers' experiences, satisfaction, distress, and unmet needs.