bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐HI can cause a severe delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction with hyperhemolysis in sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Ibanez Clara , Habibi Anoosha , Mekontso‐Dessap Armand , Chadebech Philippe , Chami Btissam , Bierling Philippe , Galactéros Frédéric , Rieux Claire , Nataf Joëlle , Bartolucci Pablo , Peyrard Thierry , Pirenne France 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDDelayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) is a life‐threatening condition in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients that is frequently complicated by hyperhemolysis. Antibodies resulting from antigen disparity between donors of European ancestry and patients of African ancestry are common, but situations involving antibodies not classically of clinical significance are also encountered. Anti‐HI is generally considered to be an innocuous naturally occurring antibody.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe describe two cases of hyperhemolysis with anti‐HI and provide details of the reported cases.RESULTSBoth SCD patients were polyimmunized and belonged to blood group B. They developed anti‐HI that was reactive at 37°C, after the transfusion of group O red blood cell units matched for all known and produced antibodies classically considered to be clinically significant. Both patients developed DHTR with hyperhemolysis. In the first case, a pregnant woman, a second transfusion was unavoidable and the patient died from cardiac arrest. The state of the second patient improved without the need for further transfusion.CONCLUSIONThree other cases of DHTR with anti‐HI have been described in the literature in SCD patients. The two additional cases reported here definitively demonstrate that anti‐HI is dangerous in SCD patients. As a result, ABO‐identical matching (including A1 status) must be considered in SCD patients with anti‐HI.
Hematologic reference intervals for Xenopus tropicalis with partial use of automatic counting methods and reliability of long‐term stored samples
Authors: Maxham Lily A. , Forzán María J. , Hogan Natacha S. , Vanderstichel Raphaël V. , Gilroy Cornelia V. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe African frog, Xenopus tropicalis, is widely used in biomedical and toxicologic research. Reference intervals (RI) for hematologic variables, valuable to research and health status assessment, have not been established.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to determine hematologic RI of X tropicalis, and establish whether automated cell counting can facilitate routine hematologic assessment in frogs.MethodsBlood from 41 adult healthy X tropicalis was collected via cardiac puncture, and diluted in Natt–Herrick solution. Complete WBC, RBC, and thrombocyte counts (hemocytometry), differential WBC counts (Wright–Giemsa‐stained smears), PCV (centrifugation), total protein (refractometry), and automated total cell counts (WBC + RBC + thrombocytes, Sysmex particle counting) were determined. Concordance correlation coefficients calculated the agreement between total cell counts obtained by hemocytometry and automated particle counting, and between total cell counts at collection and after 2 years of storage.ResultsLeukocyte morphology was similar to other amphibians and mammals. PCV was similar to other frogs; RBC counts were higher, and MCV was lower than in other frog species. Neutrophils were the most numerous WBC. Agreement was good between hemocytometry and automated cell counts. Subtracting the hemocytometer WBC and thrombocyte counts from the automated total cell count reliably yielded the RBC count. Cellular integrity evaluated 2 years post collection was good, and automated counts were not clinically different from counts at collection.ConclusionWe provide hematologic RI for X tropicalis, suggest how automated cell counts may facilitate hematologic assessments of frogs, and establish that blood in Natt–Herrick solution is stable 2 years post collection.
Retrospective evaluation of the effects of administration of tetrastarch (hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4) on plasma creatinine concentration in dogs (2010–2013): 201 dogs
Authors: Yozova Ivayla D. , Howard Judith , Adamik Katja‐Nicole 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine changes in creatinine concentrations following the administration of 6% tetrastarch (hydroxyethyl starch [HES] 130/0.4) compared to crystalloids (CRYSs) in critically ill dogs.DesignRetrospective case series (2010–2013).SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsTwo hundred and one dogs admitted to the intensive care unit with initial plasma creatinine concentrations not exceeding laboratory reference intervals (52–117 μmol/L [0.6–1.3 mg/dL]) and receiving either CRYSs alone (CRYS group,n= 115) or HES with or without CRYSs (HES group,n= 86) for at least 24 hours.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsCreatinine concentrations at admission to the intensive care unit (T0), and 2–13 days (T1) and 2–12 weeks (T2) after initiation of fluid therapy were analyzed. Creatinine concentrations were analyzed as absolute values and as the maximum percentage change from T0 to T1 (T1max%) and from T0 to T2 (T2max%), respectively.Creatinine concentrations were available for 192 dogs during T1 and 37 dogs during T2. The median cumulative dose of HES was 86 mL/kg (range, 12–336 mL/kg). No difference was detected between the groups for age, gender, body weight, and length of hospitalization. Outcome was significantly different between the HES (66% survived) and the CRYS (87% survived) groups (P= 0.014). No significant difference was detected between groups for creatinine concentrations at T0, T1, T2, T1max%, or T2max%. No significant difference was detected between the groups for T1max% creatinine in dogs subclassified as having systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis.ConclusionsHES administration in this canine population did not result in increased creatinine concentrations compared to administration of CRYSs. Further studies are needed to establish the safety of HES in critically ill dogs.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: May 2016

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from July 1, 2015, to October 31, 2015. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Redfame Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Abdul Azim Akhtar Ali Massoud Amb. J. Morales Anna Maria Mouza Begoña Montero-Fleta Daniele Schilirò Deirdre M. Warren Dr. Benedict Chico AGOHA Elke Weik Imran Ali Sandano Jangraiz Khan JEHU ONYEKWERE NNAJI, Julia M. Mack K.O. Aramide, Katja Eman Linda Chernus Luigia Simona Sica MANZOOR KHAN AFRIDI, Maria Virginia G AguilarMatthew Dabros Mei-Se Chien Michael Brooks MUTABAZI Placide Ombretta Caldarice Parveen Kaur Patricia Wiener Paula Hanasz Priyono Rachita Shrivastava Roy Raymond Chan Remigiusz Kijak Seyyedeh Mina Hamedi Hamedi, Zitha Mokomane James Young Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science Studies Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA URL: http://ijsss.redfame.com
Effects of Upright and Recumbent Cycling on Executive Function and Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation in Young Healthy Men
Authors: Faulkner James , Lambrick Danielle , Kaufmann Sebastian , Stoner Lee 
Published: May 2016

Background:The purpose of this study was to assess the acute effects of posture (upright vs recumbent) during moderate-intensity cycle exercise on executive function and prefrontal cortex oxygenation in young healthy adults.Methods:Seventeen physically active men (24.6 ± 4.3 years) completed 2 30-minute submaximal exercise tests (conditions: upright and recumbent cycle ergometry). Executive function was assessed using the “color” and “word” Stroop task, preexercise (resting) and postexercise. Regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) to the prefrontal cortex was continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy.Results:Significant improvements in executive function (Stroop color and word tasks) were observed after 30 minutes of exercise for both upright and recumbent cycling (P < .05). However, there were no differences in executive function between cycling conditions (P > .05). A significant increase in rSO2 was recorded immediately postexercise compared with preexercise for both conditions (P < .05), with a trend (P = .06) for higher peak rSO2 following recumbent cycling compared with upright cycling (81.9% ± 6.5% cf 79.7% ± 9.3%, respectively).Conclusions:Although submaximal cycling exercise acutely improves cognitive performance and prefrontal oxygenation, changes in cognition are not perceived to be dependent on body posture in young, healthy men.
Does Gender Moderate the Direct and Indirect Relationships Between Different Sources of Social Support and Adolescents’ Physical Activity?
Authors: Chen Han , Dai Jun 
Published: May 2016

Background:Using the social cognitive theory, this study aims to examine how gender moderates the direct and indirect relationships of various sources of social support on Chinese adolescents’ physical activity (PA).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. The final data includes 396 students (55.8% are boys) who were randomly selected from 2 middle schools and 4 high schools in Fuzhou city located in southeast China. Family support, peer support, and self-efficacy (SE) were measured using validated questionnaires. Participants’ PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. A bootstrapping method was used to determine and compare the direct and indirect effects of social support on PA across genders.Results:Peer support had no direct effect on PA; rather, peer support indirectly influenced PA through SE. Gender did not moderate this mediating effect. In addition, family support had neither a direct nor an indirect effect on PA via SE, and gender did not moderate these effects.Conclusions:Findings suggest that peer support played a more important role than family support on study participants’ PA indirectly through SE. SE also has a similar indirect effect across genders.
Programming Native CRISPR Arrays for the Generation of Targeted Immunity
Authors: Hynes Alexander P. , Labrie Simon J. , Moineau Sylvain 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The adaptive immune system of prokaryotes, called CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated genes), results in specific cleavage of invading nucleic acid sequences recognized by the cell’s “memory” of past encounters. Here, we exploited the properties of native CRISPR-Cas systems to program the natural “memorization” process, efficiently generating immunity not only to a bacteriophage or plasmid but to any specifically chosen DNA sequence.

IMPORTANCE
CRISPR-Cas systems have entered the public consciousness as genome editing tools due to their readily programmable nature. In industrial settings, natural CRISPR-Cas immunity is already exploited to generate strains resistant to potentially disruptive viruses. However, the natural process by which bacteria acquire new target specificities (adaptation) is difficult to study and manipulate. The target against which immunity is conferred is selected stochastically. By biasing the immunization process, we offer a means to generate customized immunity, as well as provide a new tool to study adaptation.
Suppression of Antitumor Immune Responses by Human Papillomavirus through Epigenetic Downregulation of CXCL14
Authors: Cicchini Louis , Westrich Joseph A. , Xu Tao , Vermeer Daniel W. , Berger Jennifer N. , Clambey Eric T. , Lee Denis , Song John I. , Lambert Paul F. , Greer Robert O. , Lee John H. , Pyeon Dohun 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causally associated with multiple human cancers. Previous studies have shown that the HPV oncoprotein E7 induces immune suppression; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. To understand the mechanisms by which HPV deregulates host immune responses in the tumor microenvironment, we analyzed gene expression changes of all known chemokines and their receptors using our global gene expression data sets from human HPV-positive and -negative head/neck cancer and cervical tissue specimens in different disease stages. We report that, while many proinflammatory chemokines increase expression throughout cancer progression,
CXCL14
is dramatically downregulated in HPV-positive cancers. HPV suppression of
CXCL14
is dependent on E7 and associated with DNA hypermethylation in the
CXCL14
promoter. Using
in vivo
mouse models, we revealed that restoration of
Cxcl14
expression in HPV-positive mouse oropharyngeal carcinoma cells clears tumors in immunocompetent syngeneic mice, but not in
Rag1
-deficient mice. Further,
Cxcl14
reexpression significantly increases natural killer (NK), CD4
+
T, and CD8
+
T cell infiltration into the tumor-draining lymph nodes
in vivo
.
In vitro
transwell migration assays show that
Cxcl14
reexpression induces chemotaxis of NK, CD4
+
T, and CD8
+
T cells. These results suggest that
CXCL14
downregulation by HPV plays an important role in suppression of antitumor immune responses. Our findings provide a new mechanistic understanding of virus-induced immune evasion that contributes to cancer progression.

IMPORTANCE
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causally associated with more than 5% of all human cancers. During decades of cancer progression, HPV persists, evading host surveillance. However, little is known about the immune evasion mechanisms driven by HPV. Here we report that the chemokine
CXCL14
is significantly downregulated in HPV-positive head/neck and cervical cancers. Using patient tissue specimens and cultured keratinocytes, we found that
CXCL14
downregulation is linked to
CXCL14
promoter hypermethylation induced by the HPV oncoprotein E7. Restoration of Cxcl14 expression in HPV-positive cancer cells clears tumors in immunocompetent syngeneic mice, but not in immunodeficient mice. Mice with
Cxcl14
reexpression show dramatically increased natural killer and T cells in the tumor-draining lymph nodes. These results suggest that epigenetic downregulation of
CXCL14
by HPV plays an important role in suppressing antitumor immune responses. Our findings may offer novel insights to develop preventive and therapeutic tools for restoring antitumor immune responses in HPV-infected individuals.
Requirements for Carnitine Shuttle-Mediated Translocation of Mitochondrial Acetyl Moieties to the Yeast Cytosol
Authors: van Rossum Harmen M. , Kozak Barbara U. , Niemeijer Matthijs S. , Dykstra James C. , Luttik Marijke A. H. , Daran Jean-Marc G. , van Maris Antonius J. A. , Pronk Jack T. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

In many eukaryotes, the carnitine shuttle plays a key role in intracellular transport of acyl moieties. Fatty acid-grown
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
cells employ this shuttle to translocate acetyl units into their mitochondria. Mechanistically, the carnitine shuttle should be reversible, but previous studies indicate that carnitine shuttle-mediated export of mitochondrial acetyl units to the yeast cytosol does not occur
in vivo
. This apparent unidirectionality was investigated by constitutively expressing genes encoding carnitine shuttle-related proteins in an engineered
S. cerevisiae
strain, in which cytosolic acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthesis could be switched off by omitting lipoic acid from growth media. Laboratory evolution of this strain yielded mutants whose growth on glucose, in the absence of lipoic acid, was
l
-carnitine dependent, indicating that
in vivo
export of mitochondrial acetyl units to the cytosol occurred via the carnitine shuttle. The mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was identified as the predominant source of acetyl-CoA in the evolved strains. Whole-genome sequencing revealed mutations in genes involved in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (
MCT1
), nuclear-mitochondrial communication (
RTG2
), and encoding a carnitine acetyltransferase (
YAT2
). Introduction of these mutations into the nonevolved parental strain enabled
l
-carnitine-dependent growth on glucose. This study indicates intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA concentration and constitutive expression of carnitine shuttle genes as key factors in enabling
in vivo
export of mitochondrial acetyl units via the carnitine shuttle.

IMPORTANCE
This study demonstrates, for the first time, that
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
can be engineered to employ the carnitine shuttle for export of acetyl moieties from the mitochondria and, thereby, to act as the sole source of cytosolic acetyl-CoA. Further optimization of this ATP-independent mechanism for cytosolic acetyl-CoA provision can contribute to efficient, yeast-based production of industrially relevant compounds derived from this precursor. The strains constructed in this study, whose growth on glucose depends on a functional carnitine shuttle, provide valuable models for further functional analysis and engineering of this shuttle in yeast and other eukaryotes.
Acupuncture at Distant Myofascial Trigger Spots Enhances Endogenous Opioids in Rabbits: A Possible Mechanism for Managing Myofascial Pain
Authors: Hsieh Yueh-Ling , Hong Chang-Zern , Liu Szu-Yu , Chou Li-Wei , Yang Chen-Chia 
Published: May 2016

Background and Aim Acupuncture applied at myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) of distant anatomical regions, to reduce pain in a patient's area of primary complaint, is one strategy that is available to manage myofascial pain. However, the endogenous opioid-mediated analgesic mechanism of distant acupuncture associated with pain control is still unclear. This aims of this study were to evaluate the changes in enkephalin and β-endorphin in serum, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and muscle induced by acupuncture at distant myofascial trigger spots (MTrSs, similar to human MTrPs) in rabbits, to explore its underlying remote analgesic mechanism. Methods Acupuncture at MTrSs of a distant muscle (gastrocnemius) was performed either for one session or five daily sessions in rabbits. The levels of enkephalin and β-endorphin in proximal muscle (biceps femoris), serum, DRGs and spinal cords (L5-S2) were then determined by immunoassay immediately and 5 days after treatment. Results Immediately after treatment, acupuncture comprising both one dose and five doses significantly enhanced spinal enkephalin expression and serum β-endorphin levels (p<0.05). However, only five-dose acupuncture significantly enhanced the β-endorphin levels in the biceps femoris and DRGs (p<0.05), while 1-dose acupuncture did not (p>0.05). Furthermore, 5 days after treatment, significantly increased levels of spinal enkephalin and serum β-endorphin persisted in animals that received 5-dose acupuncture (p<0.05). Conclusions This study demonstrates that interactions within the endogenous opioid system may be involved in the remote effects of acupuncture treatment and could be a potential analgesic mechanism underlying MTrP pain management.
The Nocturnal Serum Thyrotropin Surge is Inhibited in Patients with Adrenal Incidentaloma
Authors: Coiro Vittorio , Volpi Riccardo , Capretti Luigi , Manfredi Guido , Magotti Maria Grazia , Bianconcini Michele , Cataldo Simona , Chiodera Paolo 
Published: May 2016

Background Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary function have been described in patients with incidentally discovered adrenal adenomas and have been attributed to their subtle hypercortisolemic status. Methods To establish whether the central control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is altered in these endocrine conditions, the nocturnal (10:30 pm-2:00 am) serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) surge (measured by dividing the difference between nighttime and morning TSH values by the morning TSH value and then multiplying by 100), the TSH response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (200 μg as an intravenous bolus) and serum free thyroid hormone levels were evaluated in patients with adrenal incidentaloma (experimental group) and in normal controls (control group). Urinary free cortisol concentrations were also measured. Results The nocturnal TSH surge was observed in the normal controls, whereas it was inhibited in the patients of the experimental group. Serum free triiodothyronine levels were similar in the two groups, whereas the TSH response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone was significantly lower in the experimental than in the control group. Urinary free cortisol levels were significantly higher in the experimental group. Conclusion These data indicate that even conditions of slight glucocorticoid excess may exert inhibitory effects on TSH secretion, which suggests the presence of a slight central hypothyroidism in patients with adrenal incidentaloma.
Expression of the Regenerating Gene Family in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Mucosa: Reg Iα Upregulation, Processing, and Antiapoptotic Activity
Authors: Dieckgraefe Brian K. , Crimmins Dan L. , Landt Vonnie , Houchen Courtney , Anant Shrikant , Porche-Sorbet Rhonda , Ladenson Jack H. 
Published: May 2016

Background The pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) reflects a balance between mucosal injury related to an ongoing inflammatory process and mucosal reparative mechanisms. Proreparative mucosal factors may offer new therapeutic paradigms. Transcriptional profiling can be applied to identify candidate gene products involved in colonic mucosal regeneration. Methods Resection specimens from patients who underwent colonic resection for IBD or non-IBD indications were analyzed by performing Affymetrix GeneChip hybridization (Affymetrix, Inc., Santa Clara, Calif) and histopathologic scoring. Expression and physiologic processing of Reg Iα, the most highly expressed member of the regenerating ( Reg) gene family, was further studied by performing specific immunohistochemistry, protein sequencing, and mass spectroscopy. Results Foregut-derived tissues normally express human Reg proteins with minimal expression in the colon. In the setting of tissue injury associated with IBD, Reg Iα, Reg Iβ, and Reg III mRNA were highly expressed in colonic mucosa. Paired histopathologic scoring demonstrated that Reg expression was not related to the presence or the degree of mucosal inflammation. Studies of the Reg Iα protein revealed evidence of proteolytic cleavage at the N-terminus. In IBD, intact Reg Iα protein was expressed by the metaplastic Paneth granular cell population. Whereas Reg Iα cleaved at the N-terminus, it was also deposited throughout the lamina propria. Reg Iα treatment was shown to reduce epithelial apoptosis that occurred in response to treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion Ectopic expression, physiologic processing, and directed tissue deposition of Reg Iα are components of the colonic mucosal regenerative response in IBD. Reg Iα may serve to reduce epithelial apoptosis in inflammation.