bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agriculture, Health, Environment. Interview with Piero Bevilacqua
Authors: Fusco Idamaria 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This interview with Piero Bevilacqua, professor of contemporary history at “La Sapienza” University in Rome and a scholar with multiple interests, focuses on agriculture, health and the environment: three aspects which today, even more than in the past, are closely intertwined, since improper farming methods can seriously damage our environment and, hence, our health. The interview touches on a broad range of subjects: from the use of pesticides, which poison the soil and pollute underground water, to the “Green Revolution”, that is, technical innovation based on so-called “improved” seeds, and on chemical fertilizing, weed killers, and a very high consumption of water and energy; from GMOs to biodynamic and biological agriculture, and the respect of biodiversity; from modern farming’s wasteful use of water, a scarce resource today, to Common Agricultural Policy, which is presently striving to limit food overproduction and, hence, nonsustainable exploitation of farmland. Bevilacqua looks at these themes in a long-term perspective, since the present deterioration of world agriculture, and of the environment with it, is a process whose roots reach far back into time. In this interview, the scholar auspicates restoring old farming wisdom, setting back in motion the “virtuous circle” on which agriculture was formerly based, which reused all production waste, and giving up on the notion of agriculture as just any branch of capitalist production—an activity, that is aimed at meeting a commercial demand rather than actual needs. The conclusions we can draw from Bevilacqua’s words are, all in all, positive. All this deterioration around us, he assures us, is not irreversible, and in the Western world there is an increasingly strong drive towards quality, towards an agriculture making the most of typical products, biodiversity, and the old traditions of places and landscapes. A drive, that is, towards an agriculture where true wealth resides in the diversity and different identities of peoples.
Avoiding Low Energy Routing Node in MANET Based on Critical Energy Level
Authors: Shahariar Rezvi , Naser Abu , Morsed Riham 
Published: June 2016

Mobile ad hoc network is a temporary wireless network consisting of mobile nodes. Frequent route breakage is a common event in Every node is equipped with battery energy. This form of energy is one of the scarce resources in MANET. This paper is focused on promiscuous mode to observe packets coming from the nodes within a direct transmission range. At the same time critical energy of a routing node is used to find the low energy node on an ongoing route. This low energy node will perform local route repairing scheme such as QLR-APM to find alternate node of low energy node which avoids route breakage in MANET. This approach prevents route breakage and the same time packet loss and retransmission of packets are reduced in MANET. Thus it is easily seen that QLR-APM incorporating this proposed approach outperforms than QLR-APM.Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 64(1): 39-44, 2016 (January)
L’entraide en institution pour personnes en situation de handicap mental : d’une recherche-action à un modèle d’analyse
Authors: Ros Jenny , Grossen Michèle 
Published: June 2016

Le but de cette recherche-action, réalisée auprès de professionnels travaillant dans un foyer socio-éducatif pour personnes en situation de handicap, était d’identifier les pratiques de l’entraide, de les théoriser et de développer un dispositif de formation. La démarche méthodologique inductive a consisté à collecter des exemples d’entraide pour les analyser et théoriser la notion d’entraide. Par la confrontation de ces exemples, huit éléments de définition de l’entraide, situés aux niveaux micro-, meso- ou macro-social, ont été identifiés. L’approche « située » de l’entraide ainsi dégagée montre la nécessité de considérer toute activité d’entraide en contexte. Au plan pratique, cette approche entend fournir aux professionnels les moyens d’analyser leurs pratiques et de faire face à la part d’improvisation propre à tout métier.
Le mauvais genre ? Genre, sexe et société
Authors: Klinkenberg Marie 
Published: June 2016

Analyse critique de la lecture naturaliste des différences entre hommes et femmes en matière d’aptitudes, de compétences, de goûts, d’intérêts. Examen des mécanismes individuels et collectifs de construction et de consolidation des comportements inégalitaires entre hommes et femmes. Questionnement de la « théorie du genre » dans la perspective d’une lutte globale contre les inégalités.
La neutralisation politique de la pauvreté
Authors: Rodriguez Jacques , Wachsberger Jean-Michel 
Published: June 2016

Résumé Les chercheurs et experts qui étudient la pauvreté sont souvent partie prenante des rapports de pouvoir constitutifs de la pauvreté elle-même. Le savoir sur la pauvreté peut ainsi contribuer à politiser ou, inversement, à dépolitiser les questions de pauvreté, même lorsqu’il procède de recherches objectives, scientifiques et qui font autorité. À partir d’une relecture critique de travaux en sociologie et en économie, cet article montre que, si les recherches menées au début du xx e siècle ont favorisé la reconnaissance de la pauvreté en tant que problème politique, les relations plus étroites qui existent désormais entre savoir et pouvoir concourent plutôt à neutraliser les enjeux politiques de cette question.
Le maléfice de la race et le corps de l’indésirable
Authors: Agier Michel 
Published: June 2016

Résumé Qu’est-ce ce qui fait exister, durer et se transformer un racisme sans race, dont la chasse au faciès du paria de la mondialisation (le migrant indésirable) est aujourd’hui la dernière mais peut-être pas l’ultime version ? Cet article aborde le racisme sous l’angle de son expérience sociale, comme un langage de domination. En traitant la race telle qu’elle est mise en situation, dans les interactions ou historiquement, on cherche à la déconstruire sans donner le moindre crédit à la pensée raciale.
L’espace de la mission, un objet d’étude évident mais souvent déconsidéré
Authors: Vasquez Jean-Michel 
Published: June 2016

Comment définir l’espace de la mission ? Est-il un espace culturel ou religieux, délimité par des marques visibles de l’évangélisation ? Si l’espace est une notion habituellement étudiée par les géographes qui lui proposent plusieurs acceptations, celui de la mission interroge plutôt les historiens ou les anthropologues spécialisés sur le fait missionnaire. Son étude montre un paradoxe : a priori évident, parce que toute mission chrétienne se déroule toujours sur un territoire donné, cet objet reste malgré tout déconsidéré, comme le montre un bref exposé historiographique. Pourtant, il est très approprié pour représenter l’évangélisation à différentes échelles.
L’éducation jésuite à Taïwan et la politique culturelle du gouvernement de Chiang Kai-shek : L’impossible accommodement ?
Authors: Chen Alexandre Tsung-Ming 
Published: June 2016

Cette étude s’intéresse à l’impact de la politique culturelle et éducationnelle du gouvernement de Chiang Kai-shek sur l’engagement éducatif jésuite dans trois établissements à Taïwan : le Lycée professionnel de St. Aloysius, l’École Xuhui et deux Facultés dans l’Université catholique Fujen. L’analyse porte sur les difficultés de l’application des méthodes ignatiennes dans le contexte local. L’auteur l’élargit à une réflexion sur la question de la compatibilité entre l’idéologie politique et le christianisme.
Les déterminants de la gestion des provisions (PRC) après l’adoption des normes IAS/IFRS en France
Authors: Mansouri Nader 
Published: June 2016

L’objectif de cet article est de déterminer les facteurs explicatifs de la gestion des provisions pour risque et charges (PRC) par les sociétés françaises cotées après l’introduction des normes IAS/IFRS en Europe en 2005. Les provisions pour risques et charges non courantes utilisées par les entreprises SBF 120 pour gérer les résultats ont été évaluées à 7.2 milliards d’€ en 2005, 3.1 milliards d’€ en 2006 et 8.9 milliards d’€ en 2007. Pour répondre à cet objectif, l’approche positive de la comptabilité a été mobilisée. Il fait appel à la théorie politico-contractuelle et aux mécanismes de gouvernance. La vérification des hypothèses par la modélisation des équations structurelles (PLS) sur les 91 entreprises de l’indice SBF 120 pendant la période (2005-2007) valide la taille de l’entreprise et le secteur d’activité comme des motivations de la gestion par les provisions ; confirme la concentration du capital et l’efficacité du conseil d’administration comme des contraintes ; et infirme les hypothèses de l’endettement, du lissage et de la qualité de l’audit externe.
Les pratiques de GRH des PME africaines sont-elles toujours informelles ? Une analyse contextualiste
Authors: Nkakleu Raphaël 
Published: June 2016

Alors que les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) constituent l’essentiel du tissu économique dans la plupart des pays et contribuent plus que les grandes entreprises à la création des emplois (Loubès et al. 2012), la littérature dominante tend à soutenir que la fonction RH y est émergente, peu structurée et révèle des pratiques informelles (Nizet et Pichault, 2000). Prenant appui sur la théorie de la contingence (Lawrence et Lorsch, 1967) et la perspective interculturelle du management des organisations africaines (Tidjani et Kamdem, 2010 ; Jackson, 2004), cette recherche apporte un éclairage sur les débats autour des pratiques de GRH dans les PME africaines. L’analyse des pratiques de GRH (PGRH) de trois PME camerounaises met en évidence (i) la formalisation de certaines pratiques, (ii) le réseau relationnel des propriétaires-dirigeants comme levier de recrutement et de délégation (iii) des PGRH hybrides qui résultent de l’association entre GRH socialement ancrée dans les cultures locales des acteurs et GRH occidentale et formalisée.
Penser la déseuropéanisation
Authors: Nivet Bastien 
Published: June 2016

Perspectives d’un retrait britannique (Brexit), pressions sur la zone euro et sur l’espace Schengen, crise des réfugiés et migrants : autant de réalités qui renvoient l’image d’une Union européenne (UE) au bord de l’implosion. Alors que le risque d’une désagrégation de l’UE est désormais pris au sérieux, ce scénario demeure étonnamment impensé. Plusieurs dynamiques de « déseuropéanisation » sont à l’œuvre, dont la concomitance rend la lisibilité et la gestion difficile. Bien que différentes dans leur nature et leurs implications, ces évolutions ne sont que les conséquences d’une déseuropéanisation plus profonde : la perte des motivations, principes et valeurs qui avaient sous-tendu le projet européen depuis ses débuts.
Aux origines du républicanisme vietnamien
Authors: Goscha Christopher E. , Larcher Agathe 
Published: June 2016

Cet article explique les origines du républicanisme vietnamien en étudiant un homme, Phan Chau Trinh, et l’imbrication de deux types de circulations, mondiale et coloniale. Les idées françaises ne sont pas arrivées au Vietnam par le seul biais de l’école coloniale. Phan Chau Trinh préférait exprimer ses idées en caractères chinois. Avant de se rendre à Paris en 1909, il avait d’abord visité la Chine et le Japon pour étudier les nouvelles idées venant d’Occident. La France et la connexion coloniale y étaient toutefois pour quelque chose. Aussi est-il important de prendre en compte les deux volets du transfert afin de comprendre comment et pourquoi le républicanisme a trouvé un terrain si fertile au Vietnam au début du 20 e siècle.
Derivation and validation of a search algorithm to retrospectively identify CRRT initiation in the ECMO patients
Authors: Guru Pramod , Singh Tarun , Passe Melissa , Kashani Kianoush , Schears Gregory , Kashyap Rahul 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in refractory cardiorespiratory failure is gaining momentum with recent advancements in technology. However, the need for dialysis modes such as continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has also increased in the management for acute kidney injury. Establishing the exact timing of CRRT initiation in these patients from the electronic medical record is vital for automated data extraction for research and quality improvement efforts.We aimed to derive and validate an automated Electronic Health Records (EHR) search strategy for CRRT initiation in patients receiving ECMO.We screened 488 patients who received ECMO and a total of 213 patients underwent CRRT. We evaluated random 120 patients, 60 for derivation and 60 for validation cohorts. Following implementation of eligibility criteria, the algorithm was derived in 55 out of 120 ECMO/CRRT patients. The search algorithm was developed using first-time chart entry of ‘access pressure drop’ at CRRT initiation. The algorithm was then validated in an independent subset of 52 patients from the same time period. The overall agreement between electronic search algorithm and a comprehensive manual medical record review in the derivation and validation subsets, using ‘access pressure drop’ as the reference standard, was compared to assess CRRT initiation time.In the derivation subset (N=55), the automated electronic search strategy achieved an excellent agreement with manual search (D =0.99, 54 were identified electronically, and 55 upon manual review). There was no time difference observed in 49/54(89%) patients, while in the remaining 5 (9%) patients time difference was within 15 minutes. In the validation cohort (N=52), agreement was 100 % (D = 1.0, both methods identified 52 patients). Out of 52 patients, 47 (90%) had no time difference between the methods, for the remaining 5 (10%) patients, differences were within 15 minutes.The use of an electronic search strategy resulted in determining an accurate CRRT initiation time among ECMO patients.
Revis(it)ing French palatalization
Authors: Tifrit Ali , Voeltzel Laurence 
Published: June 2016

This paper explores the diachrony of French and reconsiders the classical analysis of French palatalizations. It is widely admitted that the transition from Latin dorsal stops to French palatal fricatives is triggered by an external palatalizing object which affects the constitution of the targeted consonant. While this analysis can satisfyingly explain the palatalization of dorsals before /i/, it makes the palatalization before /a/, which occurred a few centuries later, completely opaque. Revising the internal structure and the melody used to describe segments (Government Phonology 2.0 – Pöchtrager 2006) allows us to give a unified analysis of both palatalizations: whether /i/ or /a/, the vocalic environment is indeed the trigger, as it interferes with the structure of dorsals and lead to internal changes. However, while /i/ adds palatality to the consonant, /a/, by its lack of melody (Pöchtrager &amp; Živanović 2010), leads to an internal reconfiguration of the dorsal, which already contains &lt;I&gt;. In other words, we face two kinds of palatalization: an external one and an internal one. Furthermore, our analysis takes the intermediate stages from Latin dorsals to French palatals into consideration and attested dialectal variations observed in Northern France.This article is part of the special collection: Palatalization
Evaluation of the use of electrocardiogram monitoring in patients on psychotropic medications that have a risk of QT prolongation
Authors: Girgis Sandra J. , Maroney Megan E. , Liu Mei T. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Introduction: Many psychotropic medications carry a risk of prolonging the QT interval and increasing the risk of developing Torsade de pointes (TdP). The goal of this study was to evaluate whether patients taking psychotropic agents with a known risk of TdP are being monitored at a community hospital through the use of electrocardiograms (EKGs).

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of 100 adult patients—50 from general medicine floors and 50 from psychiatric units—who were taking at least one psychotropic agent with a known risk of TdP during hospitalization.

Results: The mean number of medications with QT-prolongation risk administered to the psychiatric and general medicine patients was 4.2 ± 1.7 and 3.9 ± 2.0, respectively (P = .7484). Thirty-two of the psychiatric patients (64%) and 48 of the general medicine patients (96%) received EKGs during their hospitalization (P < 0.0001). Of those newly starting the target medications, 58% (18 of 31) of the psychiatric patients and 71% (5 of 7) of the general medicine patients received a baseline EKG. The difference was not statistically significant (P = .6807). Overall, 8 patients (8%) had corrected QT (QTc) intervals >500 ms. Four had repeat EKGs performed, and none had medication changes made to decrease TdP risk.

Discussion: Many inpatients on psychiatric medications received multiple medications with a risk of TdP, but not all received monitoring through baseline or repeat EKGs when warranted. Patients with QTc intervals >500 ms were not appropriately managed to lower their risk of TdP. Pharmacists thus can help improve the monitoring and management of QT prolongation.
Antimicrobial-induced cognitive side effects
Authors: Warstler Amanda , Bean Jennifer 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Introduction: Antimicrobial-induced cognitive side effects are often overlooked or underreported. Literature often reports symptoms of antimicrobial-induced cognitive impairment under more general blanket terms, such as neuropsychiatric side effects, neurotoxicity, or drug-induced delirium or encephalopathy.

Methods: A PubMed search using terms including antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antimalarials, side effects, cognitive, neurotoxicity, encephalopathy, and delirium was conducted. Respectively, symptoms of cognitive impairment were teased out of the multiple neurologic complications presented for each case and reported based on antimicrobial class. Articles were excluded if they focused solely on neuropsychiatric side effects such as seizures, psychosis, hallucinations, or mood disturbances, were conducted in animals, or involved antiretroviral medication therapies.

Results: Of over 50 case reviews, case reports, retrospective chart reviews, and prospective cohort studies analyzed, 25 were deemed appropriate for purposes of this review. Common antimicrobial-induced cognitive side effects for all antimicrobial classes included confusion, delirium, encephalopathy, and impaired concentration or attention. Recurring risk factors included, but were not limited to, older age and renal impairment. Mechanisms of cognitive impairment were relatively specific to each antimicrobial class.

Discussion: Awareness of the potential for antimicrobial-induced cognitive side effects, including the general time frame of symptom onset and symptom presentation, is critical in challenging patient cases. This review article aims to summarize the risk factors, clinical symptoms, mechanisms, and management of antimicrobial-induced cognitive side effects. Pharmacists can play a key role in prevention through adjustment of medications for renal or hepatic dysfunction, avoidance of polypharmacy, and knowledge of critical drug interactions that may precipitate cognitive decline.
Epidural Analgesia During Labor and Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Cornet Marie-Coralie , Kuzniewicz Michael W. , Scheffler Aaron W. , Gaw Stephanie L. , Yeh Peter , Newman Thomas B. , Wu Yvonne W. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceEpidural analgesia is used by approximately 70% of birthing persons in the US to alleviate labor pain and is a common cause of elevated temperature in the birthing parent during labor, which, in turn, is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).ObjectiveTo determine whether epidural analgesia is associated with increased risk of HIE after adjusting for the birthing person’s maximal temperature before epidural placement and for the propensity to get an epidural.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, population-based cohort study was conducted at 15 Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals. Participants included singleton neonates born at 35 weeks’ or later gestational age between 2012 and 2019. Elective cesarean deliveries and deliveries within 2 hours of hospital admission were excluded. Data analysis was performed from November 2022 to June 2024.ExposureThe primary exposure was epidural analgesia during labor.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was HIE, defined as the presence of both neonatal acidosis (ie, pH &amp;lt;7 or base deficit ≥10) and encephalopathy. The presence and timing of epidural analgesia and demographic, pregnancy, and labor characteristics were extracted from electronic medical records. A propensity score for receiving epidural analgesia was created including demographic variables and comorbidities predating epidural placement. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between epidural analgesia and HIE, adjusting for maximal birthing parent’s temperature before epidural placement and the propensity for receiving an epidural.ResultsAmong 233 056 infants born at 35 weeks’ or later gestational age by vaginal or unplanned cesarean delivery after at least 2 hours of in-hospital labor, 177 603 (76%) were exposed to epidural analgesia and 439 (0.19%) had HIE. On unadjusted analysis, epidural analgesia was associated with an increased risk of maximal temperature greater than 38 °C during labor (risk ratio [RR], 8.58; 95% CI, 8.06-9.14). Each degree increase in maximal temperature during labor was associated with nearly triple the odds of HIE (odds ratio [OR], 2.82; 95% CI, 2.51-3.17). However, there was no significant association between epidural analgesia and the risk of HIE either on crude (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.96-1.53) or adjusted (adjusted OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.73-1.17) analyses.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study including more than 230 000 parent-infant dyads, epidural analgesia was associated with increased maximal temperature during labor, a known risk factor for HIE. However, epidural analgesia was not associated with increased odds of HIE.
Longitudinal analysis of peripheral immune cells in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with anti‐CD20 therapy
Authors: Waede Mie , Voss Lasse F. , Kingo Christina , Moeller Jesper B. , Elkjaer Maria L. , Illes Zsolt 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveAnti‐CD20 therapy is a highly effective treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we investigated MS‐related changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets compared to healthy controls and longitudinal changes related to the treatment.MethodsMulticolor spectral flow cytometry analysis was performed on 78 samples to characterize disease‐ and treatment‐related PBMC clusters. Blood samples from MS patients were collected at baseline and up to 8 months post‐treatment, with three collection points after treatment initiation. Unsupervised clustering tools and manual gating were applied to identify subclusters of interest and quantify changes.ResultsB cells were depleted from the periphery after anti‐CD20 treatment as expected, and we observed an isolated acute, transitory drop in the proportion of natural killer (NK) and NKT cells among the main populations of PBMC (P = 0.03, P = 0.004). Major affected PBMC subpopulations were cytotoxic immune cells (NK, NKT, and CD8+ T cells), and we observed a higher proportion of cytotoxic cells with reduced brain‐homing ability and a higher regulatory function as a long‐term anti‐CD20‐related effect. Additionally, anti‐CD20 therapy altered distributions of memory CD8+ T cells and reduced exhaustion markers in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.InterpretationThe findings of this study elucidate phenotypic clusters of NK and CD8+ T cells, which have previously been underexplored in the context of anti‐CD20 therapy. Phenotypic modifications towards a more regulatory and controlled phenotype suggest that these subpopulations may play a critical and previously unrecognized role in mediating the therapeutic efficacy of anti‐CD20 treatments.