bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensor-Aware Data Imputation for Time-Series Machine Learning on Low-Power Wearable Devices
Authors: Hussein Dina , Belkhouja Taha , Bhat Ganapati , Doppa Jana 
Published: October 2024

Wearable devices that have low-power sensors, processors, and communication capabilities are gaining wide adoption in several health applications. The machine learning algorithms on these devices assume that data from all sensors are available during runtime. However, data from one or more sensors may be unavailable due to energy or communication challenges. This loss of sensor data can result in accuracy degradation of the application. Prior approaches to handle missing data, such as generative models or training multiple classifiers for each combination of missing sensors are not suitable for low-energy wearable devices due to their high overhead at runtime. In contrast to prior approaches, we present an energy-efficient approach, referred to as Sensor-Aware iMputation (SAM), to accurately impute missing data at runtime and recover application accuracy. SAM first uses unsupervised clustering to obtain clusters of similar sensor data patterns. Next, it learns inter-relationship between clusters to obtain imputation patterns for each combination of clusters using a principled sensor-aware search algorithm. Using sensor data for clustering before choosing imputation patterns ensures that the imputation is
aware
of sensor data observations. Experiments on seven diverse wearable sensor-based time-series datasets demonstrate that SAM is able to maintain accuracy within 5% of the baseline with no missing data when one sensor is missing. We also compare SAM against generative adversarial imputation networks (GAIN), transformers, and k-nearest neighbor methods. Results show that SAM outperforms all three approaches on average by more than 25% when two sensors are missing with negligible overhead compared to the baseline.
Diabetic Neuropathy Is Related to Rhinencephalon Degeneration in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Chudzinski Maciej , Karmelita-Katulska Katarzyna , Duda-Sobczak Anna , Fijalkowska-Ratajczak Tatiana , Kopec Jakub , Michalak Michal , Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz Dorota , Araszkiewicz Aleksandra 
Published: October 2024

Aims: We aimed to assess neurodegenerative changes in the rhinencephalon via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and relate it to olfactory function and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and Methods: Individuals aged 18–65 with T1D duration over 10 years and control healthy subjects underwent olfactory assessment using Sniffin’Sticks and brain MRI to assess volumetric measurements of the olfactory bulbs and piriform cortex thickness.Results: 32 T1D (24 males) aged 43.5 years (IQR: 37.0–48), diabetes duration 24.5 years (IQR: 20.5–27.0), and A1C 7.95% (IQR: 7.4–8.4) were assessed. The control group consisted of 6 healthy adults (4 males) aged 41.0 years (IQR: 36.0–48.0). Significantly lower olfactory test results in TDI (threshold‐differentiation‐identification) (31.5 (IQR: 28.7–33.6) vs. 34.1 (IQR: 33.2–37.2), p = 0.02) were obtained in the T1D as compared to the controls. Summarized olfactory bulb (OB) volumes and thickness of the left pyriform cortex were significantly smaller in T1D than in controls (65.8 mm3 (IQR: 57.9–71.7) vs. 75.8 mm3 (IQR: 74.8–76.7); p = 0.0005 and 3.1 mm (IQR: 2.7–3.4) vs. 3.6 mm (IQR: 3.5–4.1); p =0.02). Patients with DPN had significantly smaller OB volumes than patients without DPN (58.1 mm3 (IQR: 54.0–70.9) vs. 69.8 mm3 (IQR: 65.0–72.2); p = 0.02). Tobacco smoking (β: −7.89; p = 0.013) and DPN (β:−7.02; p = 0.015) proved to be independent predictors of OB volume.Conclusions: In adults with a long history of T1D, olfactory function and structures are impaired. The presence of diabetic neuropathy and ongoing smoking addiction might be considered predictors of the degradation of rhinencephalon structures in people with T1D.
Assessing 1-Year Comorbidity Prevalence and Its Survival Implications in Medicare Beneficiaries Diagnosed with Cancer: Insights from a New SEER–Medicare Resource
Authors: Noone Anne-Michelle , Mariotto Angela B. , Hong Yoon Duk , Enewold Lindsey 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Almost half of Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with cancer from 1992 to 2005 had at least one comorbid condition. Conditions affect a range of domains from clinical decision-making to quality of life, which are important to consider when conducting cancer research. We introduce a new Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare resource to facilitate using claims data for patients with cancer.

Methods:
We use the SEER–Medicare resource to estimate prevalence of comorbidities, 5-year survival rate by cancer site, stage, age and comorbidity severity, and prevalence of surgery by comorbidity for breast, prostate, colorectal and lung cancers.

Results:
Overall, the most prevalent comorbidities in the year prior to cancer diagnosis were diabetes (27%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (22%), peripheral vascular disease (14%), and congestive heart failure (12%). Comorbidity severity had a greater impact on the probability of dying from noncancer causes than dying from cancer. Severity of comorbidity and age consistently increased the probability of noncancer death. The percentage of persons receiving surgery tended to be lower among those with severe comorbidity.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates the utility of new SEER*Stat databases that contain Medicare beneficiaries and claims-based measures of comorbidity. Our results demonstrate that comorbidity is common among older persons diagnosed with cancer and the impact of comorbidity on the probability of dying from cancer varies by cancer site, stage at diagnosis, and age.

Impact:
Comorbidity is common among persons with cancer and affects survival. Future research on the impact of comorbidity among cancer survivors is facilitated by new databases.
Alcohol Consumption and Smoking History at the Time of Diagnosis and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Recurrence and Mortality: Results from the ColoCare Study
Authors: Loroña Nicole C. , Himbert Caroline , Ose Jennifer , Cohen Stacey A. , Strehli Ildiko , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Cobos Sofia , Jean-Baptiste Esther , Bloomer Amanda M. , Figueiredo Jane C. , Gigic Biljana , Hardikar Sheetal , Karchi Meghana , Mutch Matthew , Peoples Anita R. , Schneider Martin , Shibata David , Siegel Erin M. , Toriola Adetunji T. , Wood Elizabeth H. , Li Christopher I. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Findings from studies investigating the impacts of alcohol use and smoking on colorectal cancer outcomes are inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate associations between alcohol use and smoking status at the time of diagnosis on recurrence and overall mortality among patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods:
The present study included 2,216 stage I–IV patients with colorectal cancer from the longitudinal multicenter ColoCare Study, with available data on recurrence and colorectal cancer–specific mortality. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, stage, tumor site, treatment, comorbidities, body mass index, and study site were fit, with imputations for missing data.

Results:
We observed 235 recurrences and 308 colorectal cancer–specific deaths over an average of 3 years of follow-up. After adjusting for confounders, current alcohol consumption and ever smoking, relative to not current consumption and never smoking, respectively, were not statistically significantly associated with colorectal cancer recurrence [alcohol—HR, 0.95. 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.71–1.29; ever smoking—HR, 0.98, 95% CI, 0.75–1.29] or colorectal cancer–specific mortality (alcohol—HR, 0.95. 95% CI, 0.74–1.22; ever smoking—HR, 0.98, 95% CI, 0.77–1.24).

Conclusions:
No associations were observed between alcohol and smoking at diagnosis and clinical outcomes in this well-annotated longitudinal cohort.

Impact:
Our cohort study reports no significant associations; however, limiting alcohol use and avoiding smoking are health behaviors recommended for colorectal cancer survivors for prevention of other cancers and chronic conditions.
Determination of MYD88 and CXCR4 Mutations for Clinical Detection and Their Significance in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Yan Yuting , Yu Ying , Xiong Wenjie , Wang Jun , Yao Yao , Jia Yujiao , Huang Yanshan , Li Yuxi , Wang Tingyu , Lyu Rui , Sun Hao , Wang Haoxu , Wang Qi , Liu Wei , An Gang , Sui Weiwei , Xu Yan , Huang Wenyang , Yu Zhen , Zou Dehui , Hao Mu , Xiao Zhijian , Wang Jianxiang , Qiu Lugui , Yi Shuhua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
This study aims to explore the incidence and clinical features of MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) and determine the optimal method for routine clinical practice. Additionally, we seek to evaluate the prognostic significance of these features across various therapeutic backgrounds [the cytotoxic group, the rituximab/bortezomib-based group, and the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) group].

Experimental Design:
A total of 385 symptomatic patients with WM were analyzed for MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations using Sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing, allele-specific qPCR (AS-PCR), and/or droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).

Results:
The overall MYD88 mutation rate was 87.8%, relatively lower than that in the Western cohort. Both AS-PCR and ddPCR demonstrated high sensitivity in unsorted samples, detecting 98.5% and 97.7% of mutations, respectively, including those with low tumor burdens. The total CXCR4 mutation rate was 30.9%, with next-generation sequencing exhibiting the highest sensitivity of 78.0%. CXCR4 mutation was significantly linked to shorter OS only within the BTKi treatment group. The multivariate analysis indicated that MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations were not independent prognostic factors in the non-BTKi group when considering the International Prognostic Scoring System for Waldenström macroglobulinemia (IPSSWM) clinical staging. However, in the BTKi treatment group, these mutations emerged as independent adverse prognostic factors, overshadowing the prognostic significance of the IPSSWM classification (MYD88: HR, 0.229; P = 0.030; CXCR4: HR, 3.349; P = 0.012).

Conclusions:
Testing for MYD88 mutations using AS-PCR or ddPCR in unsorted samples is viable for routine clinical practice. Under BTKi treatment, MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations hold greater prognostic importance than IPSSWM staging in WM.
Tissue-Based Profiling Techniques to Achieve Precision Medicine in Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges in Melanoma
Authors: Gide Tuba N. , Mao Yizhe , Scolyer Richard A. , Long Georgina V. , Wilmott James S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Immunotherapies targeting the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) checkpoint receptors have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, half of the treated patients do not respond to or eventually progress on standard therapies and many experience adverse events as a result of drug toxicity. The identification of accurate biomarkers of clinical outcomes are required in order to move away from the one-size-fits-all treatment approach of standard clinical practice and toward a more personalized approach to enable the administration of the optimal therapy for any given patient and further improve patient outcomes. Recent clinical trials have proven the potential of multiomics analyses, including genomic, gene expression, and tumor immune profiling, of patients’ tumor biopsies, to predict a patient’s response to subsequently administered immunotherapies. However, reproducibility of such multiomics analyses, tissue requirements, and clinical validation have limited the practical application of these approaches in routine clinical workflows. In this review, we discuss several pivotal tissue-based profiling techniques that can be utilized to identify potential genomic, transcriptomic, and immune biomarkers predictive of clinical outcomes following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma. Furthermore, we highlight the key opportunities and challenges associated with the use of each of these techniques. The development and implementation of multimodal predictive models that combine data derived from these various methods is the future for achieving precision medicine for patients with melanoma.
Glioblastoma Cortical Organoids Recapitulate Cell-State Heterogeneity and Intercellular Transfer
Authors: Mangena Vamsi , Chanoch-Myers Rony , Sartore Rafaela , Paulsen Bruna , Gritsch Simon , Weisman Hannah , Hara Toshiro , Breakefield Xandra O. , Breyne Koen , Regev Aviv , Chung Kwanghun , Arlotta Paola , Tirosh Itay , Suvà Mario L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by heterogeneous malignant cells that are functionally integrated within the neuroglial microenvironment. In this study, we model this ecosystem by growing GBM into long-term cultured human cortical organoids that contain the major neuroglial cell types found in the cerebral cortex. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis suggests that, compared with matched gliomasphere models, GBM cortical organoids more faithfully recapitulate the diversity and expression programs of malignant cell states found in patient tumors. Additionally, we observe widespread transfer of GBM transcripts and GFP to nonmalignant cells in the organoids. Mechanistically, this transfer involves extracellular vesicles and is biased toward defined GBM cell states and astroglia cell types. These results extend previous GBM organoid modeling efforts and suggest widespread intercellular transfer in the GBM neuroglial microenvironment.
Significance: Models that recapitulate intercellular communications in GBM are limited. In this study, we leverage GBM cortical organoids to characterize widespread mRNA and GFP transfer from malignant to nonmalignant cells in the GBM neuroglial microenvironment. This transfer involves extracellular vesicles, may contribute to reprogramming the microenvironment, and may extend to other cancer types.
See related commentary by Shakya et al., p. 261
Aortic-Femoral Stiffness Gradient and Cardiovascular Risk in Older Adults
Authors: Stone Keeron , Fryer Simon , McDonnell Barry J. , Meyer Michelle L. , Faulkner James , Agharazii Mohsen , Fortier Catherine , Pugh Christopher J.A. , Paterson Craig , Zieff Gabriel , Chauntry Aiden J. , Kucharska-Newton Anna , Bahls Martin , Stoner Lee 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
The aortic-femoral arterial stiffness gradient, calculated as the ratio of lower-limb pulse-wave velocity (PWV) to central (aortic) PWV, is a promising tool for assessing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but whether it predicts incident CVD is unknown.

METHODS:
We examined the association of the aortic-femoral arterial stiffness gradient measures carotid-femoral stiffness gradient (femoral-ankle PWV divided by carotid-femoral PWV) and the heart-femoral stiffness gradient (femoral-ankle PWV divided by heart-femoral PWV), as well as PWV, with incident CVD (coronary disease, stroke, and heart failure) and all-cause mortality among 3109 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study cohort (age, 75±5 years; carotid-femoral PWV, 11.5±3.0 m/s), free of CVD. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs.

RESULTS:
Over a median 7.4-year follow-up, there were 322 cases of incident CVD and 410 deaths. In fully adjusted models, only top quartiles of carotid-femoral stiffness gradient (quartile 4: HR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.03–1.97]; and quartile 3: HR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.08–2.05]) and heart-femoral stiffness gradient (quartile 4: HR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.27–2.48]; and quartile 3: HR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.00–2.00]) were significantly associated with a greater risk of incident CVD. Only high aortic stiffness in combination with low lower-limb stiffness was significantly associated with incident CVD (HR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.06–2.02]) compared with the referent low aortic stiffness and high lower-limb stiffness. No PWVs were significantly associated with incident CVD. No exposures were associated with all-cause mortality.

CONCLUSIONS:
The aortic-femoral arterial stiffness gradient may enhance CVD risk assessment in older adults in whom the predictive capacity of traditional risk factors and PWV are attenuated.
Scrambling, Specificity Effects, and Phasal Variation in Turkish and Uyghur
Authors: Jenkins Robin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article develops a new approach to specificity effects based on comparing differential object marking (DOM) in Turkish with a novel DOM paradigm observed in Uyghur. Based on this, I argue that specificity does not always correlate with VP-externality (Diesing 1992, i.a.) but rather with whether the object has moved to a particular structural position. Further, I show the variation observed between the two DOM paradigms can be captured as a result of a difference between the languages’ middle-field phase boundary. Several additional contrasts between the two languages are traced back to this difference in phase boundaries, which is also situated within a broader pattern of typological variation.
Initiation of a Supercell by Convectively Generated Gravity Waves in the Simulated Kaiyuan Tornadic Event of 3 July 2019
Authors: Li Haojia , Xue Ming , Zhu Kefeng , Xu Xin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An EF4-rated supercell tornado occurred on 3 July 2019 in Kaiyuan, China, causing heavy casualties. A three-level nested-grid high-resolution numerical simulation is used to investigate the initiation of the tornadic supercell. Automatic weather station (AWS) data, FY-4A visible satellite data, and Doppler radar data are used to verify the model simulation. The most important aspects of the simulated presupercell mesoscale convective system (MCS) and the initiation of the supercell agree with observations. Detailed investigation of the model results reveals that the initial cells form first above a convective boundary layer (CBL) on the dry side of a surface dryline. Above the CBL is a moist layer in terms of relative humidity, and the layer is stable. Convectively generated gravity waves (GWs) emanating from the MCS and propagating southward along the stable layer above the CBL provide localized forcing for the actual triggering of initial cells at specific locations. The associated perturbation potential temperature and vertical velocity patterns confirm that the GWs trigger a series of cloud bands. The additional lifting by the updraft of a horizontal convective roll in the CBL underneath the GW updraft works together to promote faster growth of the initial cell that later becomes the supercell. Examination of the Scorer parameter profiles shows favorable conditions for vertical trapping of GWs along the waveguide in the stable layer, preventing the radiation of wave energy to the upper levels.

Significance Statement
This study reveals an atypical initiation mechanism of a tornadic supercell that occurred on 3 July 2019 in northern China. By analyzing high-resolution numerical simulation results and observations, the supercell is found to be initially triggered by convectively generated gravity waves (GWs) propagating along a moist and stable layer above the convective boundary layer. The GWs were excited by vigorous convection along the leading-edge gust front of a mesoscale convective system to the north. The vertical atmospheric structure acts to trap the gravity wave energy to the stable layer and supports the horizontal propagation of the GWs away from their sources. Our study indicates the elevated initiation mechanism of convection by convectively generated GWs, providing a better understanding of this type of convective initiation that is typically difficult to predict.
Trends and socio-demographic determinants of suicide-related mortality in Türkiye: An epidemiological study from 2009 to 2022
Authors: Han Yekdeş Didem , Çağlayan Miraç , Yekdeş Ali Cem , Takır Stewart Safiye , Selçuk Emine Gökçen , Çelikkalp Ülfiye , Ekuklu Galip 
Published: October 2024

Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death, particularly among the young age group, in Türkiye, a country with a high population of young people. Aim: The aim of this study is determine the suicide related mortality trend and some associated socio-demographic factors in Türkiye between 2009 and 2022. Methods: The study includes an epidemiological trend on suicide. The Turkish Statistical Institute’s data portal was used. The study population is 46,691 people (Male/female ratios = 74.6%/ 25.4%). Changes in mortality trends were evaluated using the Joinpoint Regression method with Annual Percentage Change (APC) and Average Percentage Change (AAPC) analysis. Results: Over the past 14 years in Türkiye, there has been a statistically significant increase in the standardized mortality rate among males (2009–2022 APC = .76, p = .012) and a statistically non-significant decrease among females (2009–2022 APC = −1.62, p = .083). According to the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS-1) classification, the highest increase is observed in the Central Anatolia region followed by the Western Black Sea region (APC = 3.0 and 2.7, respectively; p < .005). While the percentage of primary school and below has decreasing trends (2009–2022 APC = −7.11, p < .005), there is a significant increase in the percentage of university graduates (2009–2016 APC = 10.87, p < .001). Regarding the marital status, there is a significant decrease in the percentage of those who are married (2009–2013 APC = −3.36, p < .001; 2013–2016 APC = 2.42, p = .037; 2016–2022 APC = −2.31, p = .003) and a significant increase in those who have never been married (2009–2013 APC = 2.63, p < .001; 2013–2016 APC = −1.36, p = .002). Conclusion: Although suicide related mortality is below the global average, there has been an increasing trend in turkey in the last 14 years. Analytical and intervention studies on the socio-demographic determinants supporting the increasing trend are needed.
Influences of Widowhood Cultural Practices, Values, and Beliefs on the Health and Well-being of Nigerian Women: An Integrative Review
Authors: Anuforo Prisca , Zoucha Rick , Salman Khlood , McFarland Marilyn R. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Widowhood cultural practices are detrimental to the health and well-being of widows in Nigeria. They are associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality than for single and married individuals. Purpose: To explore and synthesize the literature on widowhood cultural practices and their effects on the health and well-being of Nigerian women in Nigeria and in the US to inform future research. Methods: A comprehensive search of CINAHL, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase databases was performed using the Whittmore and Knafl Integrative Review Model. Critical appraisal was used to select the final 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results: Seven themes were identified: Inhumane treatment of widows, poor socio-economic status, support for detrimental widowhood cultural practices driven by culture, physiological well-being, psychosocial issues, support, and empowerment. Discussion: Further research is needed to explore the practice and its impact in the Nigerian American population in the US.