bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Tube Voltage Liver MDCT with Sinogram-Affirmed Iterative Reconstructions for the Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Pregler B. , Beyer L. P. , Teufel A. , Niessen C. , Stroszczynski C. , Brodoefel H. , Wiggermann P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAim of this study was to compare low tube voltage computed tomography (80 kV) of the liver using iterative image reconstruction (SAFIRE) with standard computed tomography (120 kV) using filtered back-projection (FBP) for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 46 patients (43 men) with 93 HCC confirmed by 3 T MRI with Gd-EOB-DPTA, in inconclusive cases combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound, underwent dual-energy CT. The raw data of the 80 kV tube was reconstructed using the iterative reconstruction algorithm SAFIRE with two strengths (I3 and I5). The virtual 120 kV image data set was reconstructed using FBP. The CT images were reviewed to determine the lesion-to-liver contrast (LLC), the lesion contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and the sensitivity. The LLC (57.1/54.3 [I3/I5] vs. 34.9 [FBP]; p ≤ 0.01), CNR (3.67/4.45 [I3/I5] vs. 2.48 [FBP]; p < 0.01) and sensitivity (91.4%/88.2% [I3/I5] vs. 72.0% [FBP]; p ≤ 0.01) were significantly higher in the low-voltage protocol using SAFIRE. Therefore, low tube voltage CT using SAFIRE results in an increased lesion-to-liver contrast as well as an improved lesion contrast-to-noise ratio compared to FBP at 120 kV which results in a higher sensitivity for the detection of HCC.
The cellular and molecular determinants of emphysematous destruction in COPD
Authors: Suzuki Masaru , Sze Marc A. , Campbell Joshua D. , Brothers John F. , Lenburg Marc E. , McDonough John E. , Elliott W. Mark , Cooper Joel D. , Spira Avrum , Hogg James C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe introduction of microCT has made it possible to show that the terminal bronchioles are narrowed and destroyed before the onset of emphysematous destruction in COPD. This report extends those observations to the cellular and molecular level in the centrilobular phenotype of emphysematous destruction in lungs donated by persons with very severe COPD (n = 4) treated by lung transplantation with unused donor lungs (n = 4) serving as controls. These lung specimens provided companion samples to those previously examined by microCT (n = 61) that we examined using quantitative histology (n = 61) and gene expression profiling (n = 48). The histological analysis showed that remodeling and destruction of the bronchiolar and alveolar tissue is associated with macrophage, CD4, CD8, and B cell infiltration with increased formation of tertiary lymphoid organs. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis showed that genes known to be expressed by natural killer (NK), lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi), and innate lymphoid cell 1 (ILC1) cells, but not ILC2 or ILC3 cells, were enriched in the expression profiles associated with CD4, CD8, and B cell infiltration. Based on these findings, we postulate that the centrilobular phenotype of emphysematous destruction COPD is driven by a Th1 response activated by infiltrating ILC1, NK, and LTi cells.
The Impact of the Polymer Chain Length on the Catalytic Activity of Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-supported Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Haesuwannakij Setsiri , Kimura Tetsunari , Furutani Yuji , Okumura Kazu , Kokubo Ken , Sakata Takao , Yasuda Hidehiro , Yakiyama Yumi , Sakurai Hidehiro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPoly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) of varying molecular weight (M
w
= 40-360 kDa) were employed to stabilize gold nanoclusters of varying size. The resulting Au:PVP clusters were subsequently used as catalysts for a kinetic study on the sized-dependent aerobic oxidation of 1-indanol, which was monitored by time-resolved in situ infrared spectroscopy. The obtained results suggest that the catalytic behaviour is intimately correlated to the size of the clusters, which in turn depends on the molecular weight of the PVPs. The highest catalytic activity was observed for clusters with a core size of ~7 nm, and the size of the cluster should increase with the molecular weight of the polymer in order to maintain optimal catalytic activity. Studies on the electronic and colloid structure of these clusters revealed that the negative charge density on the cluster surface also strongly depends on the molecular weight of the stabilizing polymers.
In vitro blood cell viability profiling of polymers used in molecular assembly
Authors: Jeong Hyejoong , Hwang Jangsun , Lee Hwankyu , Hammond Paula T. , Choi Jonghoon , Hong Jinkee 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBiocompatible polymers have been extensively applied to molecular assembly techniques on a micro- and nanoscale to miniaturize functional devices for biomedical uses. However, cytotoxic assessments of developed devices are prone to partially focus on non-specific cells or cells associated with the specific applications. Thereby, since toxicity is dependent on the type of cells and protocols, we do not fully understand the relative toxicities of polymers. Additionally, we need to ensure the blood cell biocompatibility of developed devices prior to that of targeted cells because most of the devices contact the blood before reaching the targeted regions. Motivated by this issue, we focused on screening cytotoxicity of polymers widely used for the layer-by-layer assembly technique using human blood cells. Cytotoxicity at the early stage was investigated on twenty types of polymers (positively charged, negatively charged, or neutral) and ten combination forms via hemolysis, cell viability, and AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining assays. We determined their effects on the cell membrane depending on their surface chemistry by molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, the toxicity of LbL-assembled nanofilms was assessed by measuring cell viability. Based on this report, researchers can produce nanofilms that are better suited for drug delivery and biomedical applications by reducing the possible cytotoxicity.
HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein stimulates viral transcription and increases the infectivity of the progeny virus through the manipulation of cellular machinery
Authors: Ran Xiaozhuo , Ao Zhujun , Trajtman Adriana , Xu Wayne , Kobinger Gary , Keynan Yoav , Yao Xiaojian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDuring HIV infection, large amounts of progeny viral particles, including infectious virus and a large proportion of defective viral particles, are produced. Despite of the critical role of the infectious viruses in infection and pathogenesisin vivo, whether and how those defective viral particles, especially the virus-associated envelope glycoprotein (vEnv), would impact viral infection remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the effect of vEnv on HIV-infected T cells and demonstrated that the vEnv was able to stimulate HIV transcription in HIV-infected cells, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from HIV patients. This vEnv-mediated HIV transcription activation is mediated primarily through the interaction between vEnv and CD4/coreceptors (CCR5 or CXCR4). Through transcriptome analysis, we found that numerous cellular gene products involved in various signaling pathways were modulated by vEnv. Among them, we have further identified a cellular microRNA miR181A2, which is downregulated upon vEnv treatment, resulting in increased HIV LTR histone H3 acetylation and HIV transcription. Furthermore, we also found a vEnv-modulated cellular histone deacetylase, HDAC10, whose downregulation is associated with the increased infectivity of progeny viruses. Altogether, these findings provide evidence of the important role vEnv plays in modulating cellular environments and facilitating HIV expression and infection.
Downregulation of PARP1 transcription by promoter-associated E2F4-RBL2-HDAC1-BRM complex contributes to repression of pluripotency stem cell factors in human monocytes
Authors: Wiśnik Ewelina , Płoszaj Tomasz , Robaszkiewicz Agnieszka 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDifferentiation of certain cell types is followed by a downregulation of PARP1 expression. We show that the reduction in the abundance of PARP1 in hematopoietic progenitor cells and monocytes is tightly controlled by the cell cycle. The differentiation-associated cell cycle exit induces E2F1 replacement with E2F4 at the PARP1 promoter and the assembly of an E2F4-RBL2-HDAC1-BRM(SWI/SNF) repressor complex which deacetylates nucleosomes and compacts chromatin. In G1 arrested cells, PARP1 transcription is reduced by the recruitment of E2F1-RB1-HDAC1-EZH2(PRC2)-BRM/BRG1(SWI/SNF), which additionally trimethylates H3K27 and causes an even higher increase in nucleosome density. The re-establishment of an active chromatin structure by treating post-mitotic monocytes with the HDAC inhibitor and G1 arrested cells with a combination of HDAC and EZH2 inhibitors restores PARP1 expression completely but does not affect the interaction between the components of the repressor complex with chromatin. This suggests that RB1 and RBL2, as well as PRC2, SWI/SNF and HDAC1, do not interfere with the transcription machinery. Interestingly, reinstatement of PARP1 expression by the silencing of RBL2 or by the inhibition of HDACs in monocytes and by transfection with the PARP1 expression vector in differentiated THP-1 cells substantially increased transcription of pluripotency stem cell factors such as POU5F1, SOX2 and NANOG.
Efficacy and safety of different doses of cytarabine in consolidation therapy for adult acute myeloid leukemia patients: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Di , Duan Chongyang , Chen Liyong , Chen Size 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCytarabine (Ara-C) in consolidation therapy played important role in preventing relapses for AML patients achieved complete remission, but the optimum dose remains elusive. In this network meta-analysis, we compared benefit and safety of high-, intermediate- and low-dose Ara-C [HDAraC (>2 g/m2, ≤3 g/m2 twice daily), IDAraC (≥1 g/m2, ≤2 g/m2 twice daily) and LDAraC (<1 g/m2 twice day)] in consolidation, based on ten randomized phase III/IV trials from 1994 to 2016, which included 4008 adult AML patients. According to the results, HDAraC in a dosage of 3 g/m2 twice daily significantly improved disease-free survival (DFS) compared with IDAraC [hazard rate (HR) 0.87, 95% CrI 0.79–0.97) and LDAraC (HR 0.86, 95% CrI 0.78–0.95). Subgroup analysis further showed that the DFS advantage of HDAraC is focused on the patients with favorable cytogenetics, but not the other cytogenetics. Compared with LDAraC, HDAraC (HR 6.04, 95% CrI 1.67–21.49) and IDAraC (HR 3.80, 95% CrI 1.05–12.85) were associated with higher risk of grade 3–4 non-haematological toxicity. However, no significant difference between HDAraC and IDAraC was found. These findings suggest that Ara-C in a dosage of 3 g/m2 twice daily provides maximal anti-relapse effect.
Study on Photocatalytic Degradation of Endocrine Disrupting Compound
Authors: Parihar Bhagwan Pralhad , Gupta Smita , Chakraborty Mousumi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Propylparaben (PP) is catagorized as endocrine disrupting compounds and is found to be present in urban wastewater comparatively at high concentrations. In the present work, propylparaben was degraded photo-catalytically by optimizing different process parameters such as initial concentration of propylparaben (25mgL-1 to 100 mgL-1), pH of the feed phase and concentration of photocatalyst TiO2 (50 mgL-1 to 200 mgL-1). Finally PP degraded and converted to CO2 and H2O and the degradation was found to follow the first order kinetics.
Isolation and Characterization of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria for the Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Prasad Niraj , Dasgupta Sumita , Chakraborty Mousumi , Gupta Smita 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In the present study, a biosurfactant producing bacterial strain was isolated, screened and identified. Further, various fermentation conditions (such as pH (5-10), incubation period (24-96h) and incubation temperature (20-60 °C) were optimized for maximum production of biosurfactant. The produced biosurfactant was characterized by measuring emulsification index, foaming characteristics, rhamnolipid detection, interfacial tension between water and oil and stability against pH and temperature for its potential application in oil recovery process. The additional oil recovery for two different sand, sand1 and sand2, was found to be 49% and 38%, respectively.
Patient-Level Factors Influencing Hospital Costs and Short-Term Patient-Reported Outcomes After Transsphenoidal Resection of Sellar Tumors
Authors: Guan Jian , Karsy Michael , Bisson Erica F , Couldwell William T 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Identifying which factors influence treatment costs of transsphenoidal surgery for removal of sellar lesions can be complex.

OBJECTIVE
To identify which patient-level factors are associated with higher costs and evaluate the relationship between expenditures and short-term patient-reported outcomes.

METHODS
We used an institutional database tool to review prospectively collected data on patients (≥10 yr old) undergoing transsphenoidal sellar surgery. Hospital costs, demographic data, disease-specific variables, hospital-related measures, and patient-reported outcomes (Euro-QOL 5D [EQ-5D] responses) were collected for all patients.

RESULTS
One hundred seventeen patients met the inclusion criteria. A multivariable logistic regression model for hospital costs showed a significant association between higher costs and adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting tumors (odds ratio [OR] 86.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.43-2176.42), larger tumor size (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.28), and in-hospital complications (OR 14.98, 95% CI 2.21-101.68). The largest contributor to hospital costs in our cohort was facility cost (75%), followed by pharmacy (13%) and supply (7%) costs. Most patients (65.8%) had stable or improved EQ-5D responses at 1-mo follow-up. Stability or improvement in EQ-5D was more likely in patients with lower preoperative EQ-5D scores (P < .015) and with higher postoperative EQ-5D scores (P < .001) on univariate analysis.

CONCLUSION
Most patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for sellar tumors experience stable or improved postoperative quality of life, even shortly after surgery. Factors associated with increased costs of surgery included larger tumor size and in-hospital complications. Using these data, further study can be directed at determining which interventions may improve the value of transsphenoidal surgery.
Constraints on pulsed emission model for repeating FRB 121102
Authors: Kisaka Shota , Enoto Teruaki , Shibata Shinpei 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Recent localization of the repeating fast radio burst (FRB) 121102 revealed the distance of its host galaxy and luminosities of the bursts. We investigated constraints on the young neutron star (NS) model, that (a) the FRB intrinsic luminosity is supported by the spin-down energy, and (b) the FRB duration is shorter than the NS rotation period. In the case of a circular cone emission geometry, conditions (a) and (b) determine the NS parameters within very small ranges, compared with that from only condition (a) discussed in previous works. Anisotropy of the pulsed emission does not affect the area of the allowed parameter region by virtue of condition (b). The determined parameters are consistent with those independently limited by the properties of the possible persistent radio counterpart and the circumburst environments such as surrounding materials. Since the NS in the allowed parameter region is older than the spin-down timescale, the hypothetical GRP (giant radio pulse)-like model expects a rapid radio flux decay of ≲1 Jy within a few years as the spin-down luminosity decreases. The continuous monitoring will provide constraints on the young NS models. If no flux evolution is seen, we need to consider an alternative model, e.g., the magnetically powered flare.
Development and validation of an expanded carrier screen that optimizes sensitivity via full-exon sequencing and panel-wide copy-number-variant identification
Authors: Hogan Gregory J. , Vysotskaia Valentina S. , Seisenberger Stefanie , Grauman Peter V. , Beauchamp Kyle A. , Haas Kevin R. , Hong Sun Hae , Jennions David , Jeon Diana , Kash Shera , Lai Henry H. , Melroy Laura M. , Theilmann Mark R. , Chu Clement S. , Guha Saurav , Iori Kevin , Maguire Jared R. , Wong Kenny K. , Evans Eric A. , Haque Imran S. , Mar-Heyming Rebecca , Kang Hyunseok P. , Muzzey Dale 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTPurposeBy identifying pathogenic variants across hundreds of genes, expanded carrier screening (ECS) enables prospective parents to assess risk of transmitting an autosomal recessive or X-linked condition. Detection of at-risk couples depends on the number of conditions tested, the diseases’ respective prevalences, and the screen’s sensitivity for identifying disease-causing variants. Here we present an analytical validation of a 235-gene sequencing-based ECS with full coverage across coding regions, targeted assessment of pathogenic noncoding variants, panel-wide copy-number-variant (CNV) calling, and customized assays for technically challenging genes.MethodsNext-generation sequencing, a customized bioinformatics pipeline, and expert manual call review were used to identify single-nucleotide variants, short insertions and deletions, and CNVs for all genes exceptFMR1and those whose low disease incidence or high technical complexity precludes novel variant identification or interpretation. Variant calls were compared to reference and orthogonal data.ResultsValidation of our ECS data demonstrated >99% analytical sensitivity and >99% specificity. A preliminary assessment of 15,177 patient samples reveals the substantial impact on fetal disease-risk detection attributable to novel CNV calling (13.9% of risk) and technically challenging conditions (15.5% of risk), such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia.ConclusionValidated, high-fidelity identification of different variant types—especially in diseases with complicated molecular genetics—maximizes at-risk couple detection.
The functional and genetic associations of neuroimaging data: a toolbox
Authors: Liu Zhaowen , Rolls Edmund T. , Zhang Jie , Yang Ming , Du Jingnan , Gong Weikang , Cheng Wei , Wang He , Ugurbil Kamil , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAdvances in neuroimaging and sequencing techniques provide an unprecedented opportunity to map the function of brain regions and to identify the roots of psychiatric diseases. However, the results generated by most neuroimaging studies, i.e., activated clusters/regions or functional connectivities between brain regions, frequently cannot be conveniently and systematically interpreted, rendering the biological meaning unclear. We describe a Brain Annotation Toolbox (BAT), a toolbox that helps to generate functional and genetic annotations for neuroimaging results. The toolbox can take data from brain regions identified with an atlas, or from brain regions identified as activated in tasks, or from functional connectivity links or networks of links. Then, the voxel-level functional description from the Neurosynth database and the gene expression profile from the Allen Brain Atlas are used to generate functional and genetic knowledge for such region-level data. Parametric (Fisher’s exact test) or non-parametric (permutation test) statistical tests are adopted to identify significantly related functional descriptors and genes for the neuroimaging results. The validity of the approach is demonstrated by showing that the functional and genetic annotations for specific brain regions are consistent with each other; and further the region by region functional similarity network and gene co-expression networks are highly correlated for many major brain atlases. One application of BAT is to help provide functional and genetic annotations for the newly discovered regions with unknown functions, e.g., the 97 new regions identified in the Human Connectome Project. Importantly too, this toolbox can help understand differences between patients with psychiatric disorders and controls, and this is demonstrated using data for schizophrenia and autism, for which the functional and genetic annotations for the neuroimaging data differences between patients and controls are consistent with each other and help with the interpretation of the differences.
Innovations orthogonalization: a solution to the major pitfalls of EEG/MEG “leakage correction”
Authors: Pascual-Marqui Roberto D. , Biscay Rolando J. , Bosch-Bayard Jorge , Faber Pascal , Kinoshita Toshihiko , Kochi Kieko , Milz Patricia , Nishida Keiichiro , Yoshimura Masafumi 
Published: August 2017

1.AbstractThe problem of interest here is the study of brain functional and effective connectivity based non-invasive EEG-MEG inverse solution time series. These signals generally have low spatial resolution, such that an estimated signal at any one site is an instantaneous linear mixture of the true, actual, unobserved signals across all cortical sites. False connectivity can result from analysis of these low-resolution signals. Recent efforts toward “unmixing” have been developed, under the name of “leakage correction”. One recent noteworthy approach is that by Colclough et al (2015 NeuroImage, 117:439-448), which forces the inverse solution signals to have zero cross-correlation at lag zero. One goal is to show that Colclough’s method produces false human connectomes under very broad conditions. The second major goal is to develop a new solution, that appropriately “unmixes” the inverse solution signals, based on innovations orthogonalization. The new method first fits a multivariate autoregression to the inverse solution signals, giving the mixed innovations. Second, the mixed innovations are orthogonalized. Third, the mixed and orthogonalized innovations allow the estimation of the “unmixing” matrix, which is then finally used to “unmix” the inverse solution signals. It is shown that under very broad conditions, the new method produces proper human connectomes, even when the signals are not generated by an autoregressive model.
Workarounds and trade-offs in information security – an exploratory study
Authors: Woltjer Rogier 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate relationships between workarounds (solutions to handling trade-offs between competing or misaligned goals and gaps in policies and procedures), perceived trade-offs, information security (IS) policy compliance, IS expertise/knowledge and IS demands.

Design/methodology/approach
The research purpose is addressed using survey data from a nationwide sample of Swedish white-collar workers (N = 156).

Findings
Responses reinforce the notion that workarounds partly are something different from IS policy compliance and that workarounds-as-improvisations are used more frequently by employees that see more conflicts between IS and other goals (r = 0.351), and have more IS expertise/knowledge (r = 0.257). Workarounds-as-non-compliance are also used more frequently when IS trade-offs are perceived (r = 0.536). These trade-offs are perceived more by people working in organizations that handle information with high security demands (r = 0.265) and those who perform tasks with high IS demands (r = 0.178).

Originality/value
IS policies are an important part of IS governance. They describe the procedures that are supposed to provide IS. Researchers have primarily investigated how employees’ compliance with IS policies can be predicted and explained. There has been an increased interest in how tradeoffs and conflicts between following policies and other goals lead employees to make workarounds. Workarounds may leave management unaware of how work actually is done within the organization and may besides getting work done lead to new vulnerabilities. This study furthers the understanding of workarounds and trade-offs, which should be subject to further research.