bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced age is a risk factor for proximal adenoma recurrence following colonoscopy and polypectomy
Authors: Pommergaard H-C , Burcharth J , Rosenberg J , Raskov H 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Background
Knowledge of risk factors for recurrence of colorectal adenomas may identify patients who could benefit from individual surveillance strategies. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for recurrence of colorectal adenomas in a high-risk population.

Methods
Data were used from a randomized clinical trial that showed no effect of aspirin–calcitriol–calcium treatment on colorectal adenoma recurrence. Patients at high risk of colorectal cancer who had one or more sporadic colorectal adenomas removed during colonoscopy were followed up for 3 years. Independent risk factors associated with recurrence and characteristics of recurrent adenomas were investigated in a generalized linear model.

Results
After 3 years, the recurrence rate was 25·8 per cent in 427 patients. For younger subjects (aged 50 years or less), the recurrence rate was 19 per cent; 18 of 20 recurrent adenomas were located in the distal part of the colon. For older subjects (aged over 70 years), the recurrence rate was 35 per cent, and 16 of 25 recurrent adenomas were in the proximal colon. Age (odds ratio (OR) 1·04, 95 per cent c.i. 1·01 to 1·07) and number of adenomas (OR 1·27, 1·11 to 1·46) at the time of inclusion in the study were independent risk factors for recurrence.

Conclusion
In contrast to current guidelines, advanced age is not a reason to discontinue adenoma surveillance in patients with an anticipated live expectancy in which recurrence can arise.
Comparison of Time Trends of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Framingham Risk Score Between Patients With and Without Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Intervention Over the Last 17 Years: From the Mayo Clinic Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Registry
Authors: Lee Moo‐Sik , Flammer Andreas J. , Li Jing , Lennon Ryan J. , Delacroix Sinny , Kim Hyunsoo , Lerman Amir 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate cardiovascular disease risk factor (cvRF) profiles and compare their trends over 17 years in patients with and without acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).HypothesisTime trends of cvRF are different between ACS and non‐ACS patients.MethodsThis study was a time‐trend analysis from 1994 to 2010 within the Mayo Clinic PCI registry. Outcome measures were incidence and prevalence of cvRF, including the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), at the time of admission for PCI.ResultsAge of non‐ACS patients was higher than that of ACS patients, and age distribution slightly shifted toward older age in both groups (P for trend <0.001). There was no difference in FRS between the 2 groups; however, 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk (%) remained higher in non‐ACS than in ACS patients, decreasing over time. Diastolic blood pressure and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher in non‐ACS patients, but total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher in ACS patients, with an improving trend over time. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and history of hypercholesterolemia were higher in non‐ACS patients, increasing over time. Smoking did not change over time. Use of most medications increased over time in both groups.ConclusionsMost cvRFs and their time trends exhibited statistically significant differences between ACS and non‐ACS patients, except systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and history of myocardial infarction. A new risk‐factor profile assessment may be needed for stratification of PCI patients according to ACS and non‐ACS status. Clinical and public‐health interventions should consider different approaches to ACS and non‐ACS patients.
Epigenetics/Programming in theHPAAxis
Authors: Buschdorf Jan P. , Meaney Michael J. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis provides physiological adaptations to various environmental stimuli in mammals. These stimuli including maternal care, diet, immune challenge, stress, and others have the potential to stably modify or program the functioning of the HPA axis when experienced early in life or at later critical stages of development. Epigenetic mechanisms mediate the biological embedding of environmental stimuli or conditions. These changes are influenced by the genotype and both, environment and genotype contribute to the development of a specific phenotype with regard to the stress response that might be more susceptible or resilient to the development of mental conditions. The effects of stress might be a result of cumulative stress or a mismatch between the environments experienced early in life versus the conditions much later. These effects including the associated epigenetic modifications are potentially reversible. © 2016 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol6:87‐110, 2016.
Neural Control of Vascular Function in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Shoemaker J. K. , Badrov M. B. , Al‐Khazraji B. K. , Jackson D. N. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe sympathetic nervous system represents a fundamental homeostatic system that exerts considerable control over blood pressure and the distribution of blood flow. This process has been referred to as neurovascular control. Overall, the concept of neurovascular control includes the following elements: efferent postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity, neurotransmitter release, and the end organ response. Each of these elements reflects multiple levels of control that, in turn, affect complex patterns of change in vascular contractile state. Primarily, this review discusses several of these control layers that combine to produce the integrative physiology of reflex vascular control observed in skeletal muscle. Beginning with three reflexes that provide somewhat dissimilar vascular patterns of response despite similar changes in efferent sympathetic nerve activity, namely, the baroreflex, chemoreflex, and muscle metaboreflex, the article discusses the anatomical and physiological bases of postganglionic sympathetic discharge patterns and recruitment, neurotransmitter release and management, and details of regional variations of receptor density and responses within the microvascular bed. Challenges are addressed regarding the fundamentals of measurement and how conclusions from one response or vascular segment should not be used as an indication of neurovascular control as a generalized physiological dogma. Whereas the bulk of the article focuses on the vasoconstrictor function of sympathetic neurovascular integration, attention is also given to the issues of sympathetic vasodilation as well as the impact of chronic changes in sympathetic activation and innervation on vascular health. © 2016 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol6:303‐329, 2016.
Extracellular Ubiquitin: Role in Myocyte Apoptosis and Myocardial Remodeling
Authors: Scofield Stephanie L.C. , Amin Parthiv , Singh Mahipal , Singh Krishna 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTUbiquitin (UB) is a highly conserved low molecular weight (8.5 kDa) protein. It consists of 76 amino acid residues and is found in all eukaryotic cells. The covalent linkage of UB to a variety of cellular proteins (ubiquitination) is one of the most common posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells. This modification generally regulates protein turnover and protects the cells from damaged or misfolded proteins. The polyubiquitination of proteins serves as a signal for degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway. UB is present in trace amounts in body fluids. Elevated levels of UB are described in the serum or plasma of patients under a variety of conditions. Extracellular UB is proposed to have pleiotropic roles including regulation of immune response, anti‐inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. CXCR4 is identified as receptor for extracellular UB in hematopoietic cells. Heart failure represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in western society. Cardiac remodeling is a determinant of the clinical course of heart failure. The components involved in myocardial remodeling include—myocytes, fibroblasts, interstitium, and coronary vasculature. Increased sympathetic nerve activity in the form of norepinephrine is a common feature during heart failure. Acting via β‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR), norepinephrine is shown to induce myocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. β‐AR stimulation increases extracellular levels of UB in myocytes, and UB inhibits β‐AR‐stimulated increases in myocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. This review summarizes intracellular and extracellular functions of UB with particular emphasis on the role of extracellular UB in cardiac myocyte apoptosis and myocardial remodeling. © 2016 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol6:527‐560, 2016.
Glioblastoma‐mesenchymal stem cell communication modulates expression patterns of kinin receptors: Possible involvement of bradykinin in information flow
Authors: Pillat Micheli M. , Oliveira Mona N. , Motaln Helena , Breznik Barbara , Glaser Talita , Lah Tamara T. , Ulrich Henning 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe most aggressive subtype of brain tumors is glioma WHO grade IV, the glioblastoma (GBM). The present work aims to elucidate the role of kinin receptors in interactions between GBM cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The GBM cell line U87‐MG was stably transfected to express dsRed protein, single cell cloned, expanded, and cultured with MSC, both in the direct co‐cultures (DC) and indirect co‐cultures (IC) at equal cell number ratio for 72 h. Up‐ and down‐regulation of matrix metalloproteases (MMP)−9 expression in U87‐MG and MSC cells, respectively, in direct co‐culture points to possible MSC participation in tumor invasion. MMP9 expression is in line with significantly increased expression of kinin B1 (B1R) and B2 receptor (B2R) in U87‐MG cells and their decreased levels in MSC, as confirmed by quantitative assessment using flow cytometric analysis. Similarly, in indirect cultures (IC), lacking the contact between GBM and MSC cells, an increase of B1 and B2 receptor expression was again noted in U87‐MG cells, and no significant changes in kinin receptors in MSC was observed. Functionality of kinin‐B1 and B2 receptors was evidenced by stimulation of intracellular calcium fluxes by their respective agonists, des‐Arg9‐bradykinin (DBK) and bradykinin (BK). Moreover, BK showed a feedback control on kinin receptor expression in mono‐cultures, direct and indirect co‐cultures. The treatment with BK resulted in down‐regulation of B1 and B2 receptors in MSC, with simultaneous up‐regulation of these receptors in U87‐MG cells, suggesting that functions of BK in information flow between these cells is important for tumor progression and invasion. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A novel and easy FxCycle™ violet based flow cytometric method for simultaneous assessment of DNA ploidy and six‐color immunophenotyping
Authors: Tembhare Prashant , Badrinath Yajamanam , Ghogale Sitaram , Patkar Nikhil , Dhole Nilesh , Dalavi Pooja , Kunder Nikesh , Kumar Ashok , Gujral Sumeet , Subramanian P.G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAbnormal DNA ploidy is a valuable prognostic factor in many neoplasms, especially in hematological neoplasms like B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) and multiple myeloma (MM). Current methods of flow‐cytometric (FC) DNA‐ploidy evaluation are either technically difficult or limited to three‐ to four‐color immunophenotyping and hence, challenging to evaluate DNA‐ploidy in minute tumor population with background rich of its normal counterpart cells and other hematopoietic cells. We standardized a novel sensitive and easy method of simultaneous evaluation of six‐ to seven‐color immunophenotyping and DNA‐ploidy using a dye–FxCycle Violet (FCV). Linearity, resolution, and coefficient of variation (CV) for FCV were studied using chicken erythrocyte nuclei. Ploidy results of FCV were compared with Propidium iodide (PI) in 20 samples and intra‐assay variation for FCV was studied. Using this six‐color immunophenotyping & FCV‐protocol DNA‐ploidy was determined in bone‐marrow samples from 124 B‐ALL & 50 MM patients. Dilution experiment was also conducted to determine the sensitivity in detection of aneuploidy in minute tumor population. FCV revealed high linearity and resolution in 450/50 channel. On comparison with PI, CV of Go/G1‐peak with FCV (mean‐CV 4.1%) was slightly higher than PI (mean‐CV 2.9%) but had complete agreement in ploidy results. Dilution experiment showed that aneuploidy could be accurately detected up to the limit of 0.01% tumor cells. Intra‐assay variation was very low with CV of 0.005%. In B‐ALL, hypodiploidy was noted in 4%, hyperdiploidy in 24%, near‐hyperdiploidy in 13% and remaining 59% were diploid. In MM, hypodiploidy was in 2%, hyperdiploidy in 58%, near‐hyperdiploidy in 8% and remaining 30% were diploid. FCV‐based DNA‐ploidy method is a sensitive and easy method for simultaneous evaluation of six‐color immunophenotyping and DNA analysis. It is useful in DNA‐ploidy evaluation of minute tumor population in cases like minimal residual disease and MM precursor conditions. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Iron deficiency (ID) at both birth and 9 months predicts right frontal EEG asymmetry in infancy
Authors: Armony‐Sivan Rinat , Zhu Bingquan , Clark Katy M. , Richards Blair , Ji Chai , Kaciroti Niko , Shao Jie , Lozoff Betsy 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis study considered effects of timing and duration of iron deficiency (ID) on frontal EEG asymmetry in infancy. In healthy term Chinese infants, EEG was recorded at 9 months in three experimental conditions: baseline, peek‐a‐boo, and stranger approach. Eighty infants provided data for all conditions. Prenatal ID was defined as low cord ferritin or high ZPP/H. Postnatal ID was defined as ≥ two abnormal iron measures at 9 months. Study groups were pre‐ and postnatal ID, prenatal ID only, postnatal ID only, and not ID. GLM repeated measure analysis showed a main effect for iron group. The pre‐ and postnatal ID group had negative asymmetry scores, reflecting right frontal EEG asymmetry (mean ± SE: −.18 ± .07) versus prenatal ID only (.00 ± .04), postnatal ID only (.03 ± .04), and not ID (.02 ± .04). Thus, ID at both birth and 9 months was associated with right frontal EEG asymmetry, a neural correlate of behavioral withdrawal and negative emotions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 462–470, 2016.
Disentangling the influences of mean body size and size structure on ecosystem functioning: an example of nutrient recycling by a non‐native crayfish
Authors: Fritschie Keith J. , Olden Julian D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBody size is a fundamental functional trait that can be used to forecast individuals' responses to environmental change and their contribution to ecosystem functioning. However, information on the mean and variation of size distributions often confound one another when relating body size to aggregate functioning. Given that size‐based metrics are used as indicators of ecosystem status, it is important to identify the specific aspects of size distributions that mediate ecosystem functioning. Our goal was to simultaneously account for the mean, variance, and shape of size distributions when relating body size to aggregate ecosystem functioning. We take advantage of habitat‐specific differences in size distributions to estimate nutrient recycling by a non‐native crayfish using mean‐field and variance‐incorporating approaches. Crayfishes often substantially influence ecosystem functioning through their omnivorous role in aquatic food webs. As predicted from Jensen's inequality, considering only the mean body size of crayfish overestimated aggregate effects on ecosystem functioning. This bias declined with mean body size such that mean‐field and variance‐incorporating estimates of ecosystem functioning were similar for samples at mean body sizes >7.5 g. At low mean body size, mean‐field bias in ecosystem functioning mismatch predictions from Jensen's inequality, likely because of the increasing skewness of the size distribution. Our findings support the prediction that variance around the mean can alter the relationship between body size and ecosystem functioning, especially at low mean body size. However, methods to account for mean‐field bias performed poorly in samples with highly skewed distributions, indicating that changes in the shape of the distribution, in addition to the variance, may confound mean‐based estimates of ecosystem functioning. Given that many biological functions scale allometrically, explicitly defining and experimentally or statistically isolating the effects of the mean, variance, and shape of size distributions is necessary to begin generalizing relationships between animal body size and ecosystem functioning.
Exploiting Acid Phosphatases in the Synthesis of Phosphorylated Monoalcohols and Diols
Authors: Tasnádi Gábor , Lukesch Michael , Zechner Michaela , Jud Wolfgang , Hall Mélanie , Ditrich Klaus , Baldenius Kai , Hartog Aloysius F. , Wever Ron , Faber Kurt 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA set of phosphatases was evaluated for their potential to catalyze the regio‐ and stereoselective phosphorylation of alcohols using a high‐energy inorganic phosphate donor, such as di‐, tri‐ and polyphosphate. Parameters such as type and amount of phosphate donor and pH of the reaction were investigated in order to minimize the thermodynamically favored hydrolysis of the phosphate donor and the formed phosphate ester. Diols were monophosphorylated with high selectivities. This biocatalytic phosphorylation method provides selectively activated and/or protected synthetic intermediates for further chemical and/or enzymatic transformations and is applicable to a large scale (6.86 g) in a flow setup with immobilized phosphatase.
Non‐Classically Controlled Signs in a Circularly Polarised Luminescent Molecular Puppet: The Importance of the Wire Structure Connecting Binaphthyl and Two Pyrenes
Authors: Nakabayashi Kazuki , Kitamura Sayaka , Suzuki Nozomu , Guo Sibo , Fujiki Michiya , Imai Yoshitane 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe circularly polarised luminescence and circular dichroism signs of the blue circularly polarised luminescence generated by two photoexcited pyrenes as puppets are controlled by the wire structure of the C2‐symmetric binaphthyl as puppeteer. The experimental results, though at variance with theoretical simulation, offer a rational design in the photoexcited and ground state chiralities of luminophores.
Effect of postoperative use of diclofenac on pharyngocutaneous fistula development after primary total laryngopharyngectomy: Results of a single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Parzefall Thomas , Wolf Axel , Czeiger Shelly , Frei Klemens , Formanek Michael , Erovic Boban M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrimary total laryngopharyngectomy is the treatment of choice in many cases of locally advanced hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. Development of pharyngocutaneous fistulae is the most common postoperative complication. A recent Danish study showed significantly increased rates of anastomosal leakage after colorectal resection in patients receiving diclofenac treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 67 patients after primary total laryngopharyngectomy to determine whether diclofenac increases the risk for development of pharyngocutaneous fistula analogously to leakage in the colorectal area.ResultsThe fistula rate in the total study population (n = 67) was 19.4%. In the group receiving diclofenac postoperatively (n = 31), the fistula rate was 25.8%. In the patient group not receiving diclofenac (n = 36), the fistula rate was 13.9% (p = .219).ConclusionOur results suggest that cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) selective nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be administered with caution after laryngopharyngectomy. Additional studies on larger cohorts are required to further evaluate our findings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1515–E1520, 2016
Risk factors for locoregional relapse after transoral robotic surgery for human papillomavirus–related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Funk Ryan K. , Moore Eric J. , García Joaquín J. , Harmsen W. Scott , Stoddard David G. , Vencio Eneida F. , Foote Robert L. , Price Katharine A. , Ma Daniel J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundFactors predicting locoregional relapse after surgery for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were identified in the pre‐human papillomavirus (HPV) era. We examined whether traditional indications for adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) still correlate with locoregional relapse in HPV‐positive patients after transoral robotic surgery (TORS).MethodsRetrospective review of oropharyngeal SCC cases identified patients with HPV‐positive tumors who did not receive adjuvant therapy after TORS despite intermediate or high‐risk features.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 26.7 months (range, 4.9–73.1 months). Five of 25 eligible patients (20%) relapsed at a median 4.8 months (range, 3.2–7.8 months). Two of 18 (11%) intermediate and 3 of 7 (43%) high‐risk patients relapsed. Kaplan–Meier 2‐year locoregional relapse‐free survival estimates for intermediate and high‐risk patients were 88% and 57% (p = .078), respectively.ConclusionTraditional indications for adjuvant RT or CRT were associated with high risk of locoregional relapse in HPV‐positive patients treated with TORS alone. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1674–E1679, 2016
Hyaluronic Acid Assays: Turbidimetric or Enzyme‐Based Immune Assay? A Method Comparison Study
Authors: Itenov Theis S. , Kirkby Nikolai S. , Bestle Morten H. , Nilsson Anna C. , Erlandsen Erland J. , Peters Lars , Jensen Jens‐Ulrik 
Published: December 2015

BackgroudHyaluronic acid (HA) is proposed as a marker of functional liver capacity. The aim of the present study was to compare a new turbidimetric assay for measuring HA with the current standard method.MethodsHA was measured by a particle‐enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a 40‐sample dilution series and 39 intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Agreement was assessed with Bland–Altman's method.ResultsIn the ICU patients, the median HA concentration was 159.0 ng/ml (interquartile range (IQR) 117.5–362.5 ng/ml) with ELISA and 157.5 ng/ml (IQR 92.5–359.6 ng/ml) with PETIA. The mean difference was 12.88 ng/ml (95% CI, −4.3 to 30.1 ng/ml, P = 0.14) and the 95% limits of agreement were −91.17 to 116.9 ng/ml. In the dilution series, the mean difference was −59.26 ng/ml (95% CI, −74.68 to 43.84 ng/ml, P < 0.0001) and the 95% limits of agreement were 35.23 to −153.8 ng/ml.ConclusionWe found random variation between the PETIA and ELISA test that could affect performance in a clinical context, but only to a lesser extent in a research context. The new clinical biochemistry assay for HA determination will allow for large studies of the clinical utility of HA.