bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One Electron‐Initiated Two‐Electron Oxidation of Water by Aluminum Porphyrins with Earth's Most Abundant Metal
Authors: Kuttassery Fazalurahman , Mathew Siby , Sagawa Shogo , Remello Sebastian Nybin , Thomas Arun , Yamamoto Daisuke , Onuki Satomi , Nabetani Yu , Tachibana Hiroshi , Inoue Haruo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Haruo Inoue at Tokyo Metropolitan University. The image shows the reaction mechanism of the two‐electron oxidation of water to form hydrogen peroxide initiated by a one‐electron oxidation of a new class of molecular catalysts, aluminum porphyrins, that contains the earth's most abundant metal as the central ion with bauxite (Al2O3) and water as the background. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201700322.
Genetic identification of source and likely vector of a widespread marine invader
Authors: Krueger‐Hadfield Stacy A. , Kollars Nicole M. , Strand Allan E. , Byers James E. , Shainker Sarah J. , Terada Ryuta , Greig Thomas W. , Hammann Mareike , Murray David C. , Weinberger Florian , Sotka Erik E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe identification of native sources and vectors of introduced species informs their ecological and evolutionary history and may guide policies that seek to prevent future introductions. Population genetics provides a powerful set of tools to identify origins and vectors. However, these tools can mislead when the native range is poorly sampled or few molecular markers are used. Here, we traced the introduction of the Asian seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Rhodophyta) into estuaries in coastal western North America, the eastern United States, Europe, and northwestern Africa by genotyping more than 2,500 thalli from 37 native and 53 non‐native sites at mitochondrial cox1 and 10 nuclear microsatellite loci. Overall, greater than 90% of introduced thalli had a genetic signature similar to thalli sampled from the coastline of northeastern Japan, strongly indicating this region served as the principal source of the invasion. Notably, northeastern Japan exported the vast majority of the oyster Crassostrea gigas during the 20th century. The preponderance of evidence suggests G. vermiculophylla may have been inadvertently introduced with C. gigas shipments and that northeastern Japan is a common source region for estuarine invaders. Each invaded coastline reflected a complex mix of direct introductions from Japan and secondary introductions from other invaded coastlines. The spread of G. vermiculophylla along each coastline was likely facilitated by aquaculture, fishing, and boating activities. Our ability to document a source region was enabled by a robust sampling of locations and loci that previous studies lacked and strong phylogeographic structure along native coastlines.
Yield curve forecast combinations based on bond portfolio performance
Authors: Caldeira João F. , Moura Guilherme V. , Santos André A. P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe propose an economically motivated forecast combination strategy in which model weights are related to portfolio returns obtained by a given forecast model. An empirical application based on an optimal mean–variance bond portfolio problem is used to highlight the advantages of the proposed approach with respect to combination methods based on statistical measures of forecast accuracy. We compute average net excess returns, standard deviation, and the Sharpe ratio of bond portfolios obtained with nine alternative yield curve specifications, as well as with 12 different forecast combination strategies. Return‐based forecast combination schemes clearly outperformed approaches based on statistical measures of forecast accuracy in terms of economic criteria. Moreover, return‐based approaches that dynamically select only the model with highest weight each period and discard all other models delivered even better results, evidencing not only the advantages of trimming forecast combinations but also the ability of the proposed approach to detect best‐performing models. To analyze the robustness of our results, different levels of risk aversion and a different dataset are considered.
Brain Structure Linking Delay Discounting and Academic Performance
Authors: Wang Song , Kong Feng , Zhou Ming , Chen Taolin , Yang Xun , Chen Guangxiang , Gong Qiyong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs a component of self‐discipline, delay discounting refers to the ability to wait longer for preferred rewards and plays a pivotal role in shaping students’ academic performance. However, the neural basis of the association between delay discounting and academic performance remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the neuroanatomical substrates underlying delay discounting and academic performance in 214 adolescents via voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) by performing structural magnetic resonance imaging (S‐MRI). Behaviorally, we confirmed the significant correlation between delay discounting and academic performance. Neurally, whole‐brain regression analyses indicated that regional gray matter volume (rGMV) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was associated with both delay discounting and academic performance. Furthermore, delay discounting partly accounted for the association between academic performance and brain structure. Differences in the rGMV of the left DLPFC related to academic performance explained over one‐third of the impact of delay discounting on academic performance. Overall, these results provide the first evidence for the common neural basis linking delay discounting and academic performance. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3917–3926, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effector and regulatory dendritic cells display distinct patterns of miRNA expression
Authors: Lombardi Vincent , Luce Sonia , Moussu Hélène , Morizur Lise , Gueguen Claire , Neukirch Catherine , Chollet‐Martin Sylvie , Mascarell Laurent , Aubier Michel , Baron‐Bodo Véronique , Moingeon Philippe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionMicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the regulation of dendritic cell (DC) polarization, thereby influencing the balance of adaptive immune responses. Herein, we studied the expression of miRNAs in polarized DCs and analyzed whether expression of these miRNAs could be associated with allergic rhinitis and allergen immunotherapy (AIT) outcome.MethodUsing specific culture conditions, we differentiated immature human monocyte‐derived DCs into DC1, DC2, and DCreg subsets (supporting the differentiation of TH1, TH2 or regulatory T cells, respectively). Profiling of miRNA expression was performed in these DC subpopulations using microarrays. Levels of miRNAs specific for polarized DCs were then evaluated in a cohort of 58 patients with allergic rhinitis and 25 non‐allergic controls, as well as in samples from 30 subjects treated with sublingual grass pollen tablets or placebo for four months.ResultsWe successfully identified 16 miRNAs differentially regulated between immature DCs, DC1, DC2, and DCreg cells. In allergic rhinoconjunctivitis patients, the expression of two of those miRNAs (miR‐132 and miR‐155), was down‐regulated compared to non‐allergic individuals. However, the levels of these miRNAs were not significantly modified following four months of grass pollen immunotherapy.ConclusionsStudying polarized DCs and clinical samples from subjects with or without allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, we demonstrated that the expression of two miRNAs linked to effector DCs (i.e., DC1 and/or DC2 cells), was reduced in the blood of patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Nevertheless, these miRNAs did not represent relevant biomarkers to predict or follow‐up AIT efficacy.
Raman spectroscopy as a tool for magnesium estimation in Mg‐calcite
Authors: Borromeo Laura , Zimmermann Udo , Andò Sergio , Coletti Giovanni , Bersani Danilo , Basso Daniela , Gentile Paolo , Schulz Bernhard , Garzanti Eduardo 
Published: May 2017

Despite their strong Raman scattering and importance in several applications in the geological and biological sciences, Mg‐calcites have not been thoroughly investigated by Raman spectroscopy. In this study, we investigated whether Raman spectra of carbonates are sensitive to the structural and chemical changes occurring when Mg2+ substitutes Ca2+ in the calcite lattice. Different carbonate samples with variable Mg content (from 0 to 20 mol% MgCO3) of biological and inorganic origin have been first beamed under a Raman spectrometer and then analysed by scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectrometer and electron microprobe analysis‐wavelength dispersive spectrometer microprobes to determine their chemistry. The biological samples (foraminifers, algae, barnacles and echinoderms) were collected from areas situated at different latitudes and water temperature and saturation, factors affecting the chemical and isotopic composition of shells in marine organisms. The Raman band positions are directly linked to the amount of magnesium present in the calcite lattice, and all peaks of Mg‐calcite spectra show a consistent and linear increase in Raman shifts according to their Mg content, which is a consequence of the decreased inter‐atomic distances following the substitution of Ca2+ with the smaller Mg2+ ion.This study demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy provides an innovative work perspective in marine biology, provenance studies and oil exploration when estimates of mineralogical and chemical changes are the focus of the study. Raman spectroscopy is even more attractive – for the mentioned fields of research – than many other methods because of the non‐destructive nature and its very short analytical time. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Esophageal dilation in head and neck cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Moss William J. , Pang John , Orosco Ryan K. , Weissbrod Philip A. , Brumund Kevin T. , Weisman Robert A. , Brigger Matthew T. , Coffey Charles S. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo characterize the safety profile and effectiveness of esophageal dilation in head and neck cancer patients.MethodsA systematic review was undertaken for articles reporting outcomes of esophageal dilation in head and neck cancer patients. The Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Complications related to esophageal dilation in head and neck cancer patients was the primary outcome of interest. Success rates, demographic data, cancer staging, and treatment data were assessed secondarily. Statistical analyses included both qualitative and quantitative assessments. A limited meta‐analysis and pooling of the data was performed using a random effects model.ResultsOf the collective 8,243 initial candidate articles, 15 retrospective studies containing data for a collective 449 patients were ultimately included in the analysis. There was significant heterogeneity in the outcomes data. With an overall complication rate of 10.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.1%,17%) and a pooled success rate of 72.9% (95% CI: 65.7%,80.1%) per patient, the articles generally supported the use of dilation.ConclusionHead and neck cancer patients experience a higher rate of complications following dilation compared to patients with other causes of benign stricture. Esophageal dilation is effective in improving dysphagia, but these benefits are often transient and thus necessitate repeat interventions. Laryngoscope, 128:111–117, 2018
How does radioactive iodine affect the nose?
Authors: Server Ela Araz , Kirgezen Tolga , Celebi Ozlem Onerci , Yildiz Muhammet , Yigit Ozgur , Cermik Tevfik Fikret 
Published: May 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the effect of radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment on the nasal mucosa and nasal functions.Study DesignProspective clinical study.MethodsThis study included 41 patients (31 female and 10 male) who were treated with RAI for papillary thyroid carcinoma. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for subjective evaluation of nasal symptoms. The saccharine test, nasal Schirmer test, and acoustic rhinometry were used for objective evaluation of nasal functions. All tests were administered at baseline (before RAI treatment), and then 1 month and 1 year post‐RAI treatment. Only 21 of the patients could be evaluated after 1 year of treatment and were included in the study's analysis.ResultsVAS obstruction and dryness scores 1 month and 1 year post‐RAI were significantly higher than the baseline scores (P < .05 and P < .05, respectively). Mean cross‐sectional area values 1 month and 1 year post‐RAI did not differ significantly from baseline values (P > .05 and P > .05, respectively). Schirmer test results 1 month and 1 year post‐RAI treatment were significantly lower than at baseline (P < .05 and P < .05, respectively). Saccharine test results 1 month and 1 year post‐RAI were significantly higher than at baseline (P < .05).ConclusionsRAI treatment can adversely affect the nasal mucosa. Nasal dryness and obstruction can occur immediately after RAI treatment. Additional research is warranted to further elucidate the effects of RAI treatment on nasal function.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:2698–2702, 2017
The differential response of kelp to swell and infragravity wave motion
Authors: Mullarney Julia C. , Pilditch Conrad A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present field measurements of the movement of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera under wave forcing. We resolve the depth and frequency‐dependent responses along the stipe and find different and counterintuitive patterns of response at the infragravity and swell wave forcing frequencies. At swell frequencies, tilting of the stipe is largest toward the holdfast, whereas at infragravity frequencies, the stipe tilting is largest closer to the water surface. It is postulated that the stretching of blades and subsequent pull on the stipe is, in part, responsible for these patterns. This conclusion is supported by results of manipulative experiments, which show a more along‐stipe uniform response after removal of blades from the kelp. The length of the kelp also exerts a strong control on the relative magnitudes of movements in the different frequency bands, with the swell band becoming more important relative to the infragravity band for shorter length kelp. These results indicate that kelp will differentially dissipate energy over both frequencies and varying depths within the water column. The variety of movement responses over differing wave forcing frequencies may also imply that there exist differing rates of breakage for kelp exposed to hydrodynamics stressors of multiple frequencies.
Stimuli‐Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Yang Ying , Urban Marek W. 
Published: May 2017

There is increasing evidence that stimuli‐responsive nanomaterials have become significantly critical components of modern materials design and technological developments. Recent advances in synthesis and fabrication of stimuli‐responsive polymeric nanoparticles with built‐in stimuli‐responsive components (Part A) and surface modifications of functional nanoparticles that facilitate responsiveness (Part B) are outlined here. The synthesis and construction of stimuli‐responsive spherical, core‐shell, concentric, hollow, Janus, gibbous/inverse gibbous, and cocklebur morphologies are discussed in Part A, with the focus on shape, color, or size changes resulting from external stimuli. Although inorganic/metallic nanoparticles exhibit many useful properties, including thermal or electrical conductivity, catalytic activity, or magnetic properties, their assemblies and formation of higher order constructs are often enhanced by surface modifications. Section B focuses on selected surface reactions that lead to responsiveness achieved by decorating nanoparticles with stimuli‐responsive polymers. Although grafting‐to and grafting‐from dominate these synthetic efforts, there are opportunities for developing novel synthetic approaches facilitating controllable recognition, signaling, or sequential responses. Many nanotechnologies utilize a combination of organic and inorganic phases to produce ceramic or metallic nanoparticles. One can envision the development of new properties by combining inorganic (metals, metal oxides) and organic (polymer) phases into one nanoparticle designated as “ceramers” (inorganics) and “metamers” (metallic).
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Resolution of singularities via deep complex‐valued neural networks
Authors: Nitta Tohru 
Published: May 2017

It has been reported that training deep neural networks is more difficult than training shallow neural networks. Hinton et al. proposed deep belief networks with a learning algorithm that trains one layer at a time. A much better generalization can be achieved when pre‐training each layer with an unsupervised learning algorithm. Since then, deep neural networks have been extensively studied. On the other hand, it has been revealed that singular points affect the training dynamics of the learning models such as neural networks and cause a standstill of training. Naturally, training deep neural networks suffer singular points. As described in this paper, we present a deep neural network model that has fewer singular points than the usual one. First, we demonstrate that some singular points in the deep real‐valued neural network, which is equivalent to a deep complex‐valued neural network, have been resolved as its inherent property. Such deep neural networks are less likely to become trapped in local minima or plateaus caused by critical points. Results of experiments on the two spirals problem, which has an extreme nonlinearity, support our theory. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Saudi National Mental Health Survey: Methodological and logistical challenges from the pilot study
Authors: Shahab Mona , Al‐Tuwaijri Feda , Bilal Lisa , Hyder Sanaa , Al‐Habeeb Abdulhameed Abdullah , Al‐Subaie Abdullah , Mneimneh Zeina , Pennell Beth‐Ellen , Sampson Nancy , Kessler Ronald C. , Altwaijri Yasmin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSeveral challenges exist in carrying out nation‐wide epidemiological surveys in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) due to the unique characteristics of its population. The objectives of this report are to review these challenges and the lessons learnt about best practices in meeting these challenges from the extensive piloting of the Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS), which is being carried out as part of the World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. We focus on challenges involving sample design, instrumentation, and data collection procedures. The SNMHS will ultimately provide crucial data for health policy‐makers and mental health specialists in KSA.
Impact of polyethyleneglycol addition on diffusion coefficients in binary ionic liquid electrolytes composed of dicationic ionic liquid and polyethyleneglycol
Authors: Wu Tzi‐Yi , Su Shyh‐Gang , Chiu Chuen‐Lin , Kuo Chung‐Wen , Tung Yi‐Hsuan 
Published: May 2017

We conduct a comparative study of conductivity and diffusion coefficient of two dicationic ionic liquids (3,3′‐(octane‐1,8‐diyl)bis(1‐ethyl‐3‐imidazolium) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([IMCI][TFSI], S1) and 3,3′‐(2,2′‐(ethane‐1,2‐diylbis(oxy))bis(ethane‐2,1‐diyl))bis(1‐ethyl‐3‐imidazolium) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([IMOI][TFSI], S2)) at various temperatures. The diffusion coefficients of cation and anion in ionic liquids are determined by using pulse gradient spin‐echo nuclear magnetic resonance method. S2 shows lower viscosity, higher conductivity, and higher diffusion coefficient than those of S1. Moreover, the influence of polyethyleneglycol (PEG200, Mw = 200) addition in PEG200/IL binary solutions is investigated. PEG200/S1 binary solutions show lower viscosity, higher conductivity, and higher diffusion coefficient than those of neat S1. The experimental molar conductivity (Λ) of neat IL and PEG200/IL binary solutions is lower than that of the calculated molar conductivity (ΛNMR) from pulse gradient spin‐echo nuclear magnetic resonance method at various temperatures, indicating that not all the diffusion species belong to the ionic conduction. In other words, NMR diffusion measurements comprise charged and paired (without charge) ions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CEST MRI of 3‐O‐methyl‐D‐glucose on different breast cancer models
Authors: Rivlin Michal , Navon Gil 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo test the ability of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI of 3‐O‐methyl‐D‐glucose (3OMG) to detect tumors in several breast cancer models of murine and human origin, for different routes of administration of the agent and to compare the method with glucoCEST and with 18FDG‐PET on the same animals.MethodsIn vivo CEST MRI experiments were performed with a 7T Biospec animal MRI scanner on implanted orthotopic mammary tumors of mice before and after administration of 3OMG.ResultsA marked 3OMG‐CEST MRI contrast that was correlated with the administrated dose was obtained in different breast cancer models and by intravenous, intraperitoneal, and per os methods of administration. The most aggressive breast cancer model yielded the highest CEST contrast. 3OMG‐CEST contrast reached its maximum at 20 min after administration and lasted for more than an hour, while that of glucose was lower and diminished after 20 min. 3OMG‐CEST showed comparable results to that of FDG PET.ConclusionThe sensitivity of the 3OMG‐CEST MRI method indicates its potential for the detection of tumors in the clinic. Magn Reson Med 79:1061–1069, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Non‐zero‐sum nonlinear network path interdiction with an application to inspection in terror networks
Authors: Goldberg Noam 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA simultaneous non‐zero‐sum game is modeled to extend the classical network interdiction problem. In this model, an interdictor (e.g., an enforcement agent) decides how much of an inspection resource to spend along each arc in the network to capture a smuggler. The smuggler (randomly) selects a commodity to smuggle—a source and destination pair of nodes, and also a corresponding path for traveling between the given pair of nodes. This model is motivated by a terrorist organization that can mobilize its human, financial, or weapon resources to carry out an attack at one of several potential target destinations. The probability of evading each of the network arcs nonlinearly decreases in the amount of resource that the interdictor spends on its inspection. We show that under reasonable assumptions with respect to the evasion probability functions, (approximate) Nash equilibria of this game can be determined in polynomial time; depending on whether the evasion functions are exponential or general logarithmically‐convex functions, exact Nash equilibria or approximate Nash equilibria, respectively, are computed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 139–153, 2017