bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astrocytic glutamine synthetase is expressed in the neuronal somatic layers and down‐regulated proportionally to neuronal loss in the human epileptic hippocampus
Authors: Papageorgiou Ismini E. , Valous Nektarios A. , Lahrmann Bernd , Janova Hana , Klaft Zin‐Juan , Koch Arend , Schneider Ulf C. , Vajkoczy Peter , Heppner Frank L. , Grabe Niels , Halama Niels , Heinemann Uwe , Kann Oliver 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHuman mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) features subregion‐specific hippocampal neurodegeneration and reactive astrogliosis, including up‐regulation of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and down‐regulation of glutamine synthetase (GS). However, the regional astrocytic expression pattern of GFAP and GS upon MTLE‐associated neurodegeneration still remains elusive. We assessed GFAP and GS expression in strict correlation with the local neuronal number in cortical and hippocampal surgical specimens from 16 MTLE patients using immunohistochemistry, stereology and high‐resolution image analysis for digital pathology and whole‐slide imaging. In the cortex, GS‐positive (GS+) astrocytes are dominant in all neuronal layers, with a neuron to GS+ cell ratio of 2:1. GFAP‐positive (GFAP+) cells are widely spaced, with a GS+ to GFAP+ cell ratio of 3:1–5:1. White matter astrocytes, on the contrary, express mainly GFAP and, to a lesser extent, GS. In the hippocampus, the neuron to GS+ cell ratio is approximately 1:1. Hippocampal degeneration is associated with a reduction of GS+ astrocytes, which is proportional to the degree of neuronal loss and primarily present in the hilus. Up‐regulation of GFAP as a classical hallmark of reactive astrogliosis does not follow the GS‐pattern and is prominent in the CA1. Reactive alterations were proportional to the neuronal loss in the neuronal somatic layers (stratum pyramidale and hilus), while observed to a lesser extent in the axonal/dendritic layers (stratum radiatum, molecular layer). We conclude that astrocytic GS is expressed in the neuronal somatic layers and, upon neurodegeneration, is down‐regulated proportionally to the degree of neuronal loss.
The cystine‐glutamate exchanger (xCT, Slc7a11) is expressed in significant concentrations in a subpopulation of astrocytes in the mouse brain
Authors: Ottestad‐Hansen Sigrid , Hu Qiu Xiang , Follin‐Arbelet Virgine Veronique , Bentea Eduard , Sato Hideyo , Massie Ann , Zhou Yun , Danbolt Niels Christian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe cystine‐glutamate exchanger (xCT) promotes glutathione synthesis by catalyzing cystine uptake and glutamate release. The released glutamate may modulate normal neural signaling and contribute to excitotoxicity in pathological situations. Uncertainty, however, remains as neither the expression levels nor the distribution of xCT have been unambiguously determined. In fact, xCT has been reported in astrocytes, neurons, oligodendrocytes and microglia, but most of the information derives from cell cultures. Here, we show by immunohistochemistry and by Western blotting that xCT is widely expressed in the central nervous system of both sexes. The labeling specificity was validated using tissue from xCT knockout mice as controls. Astrocytes were selectively labeled, but showed greatly varying labeling intensities. This astroglial heterogeneity resulted in an astrocyte domain‐like labeling pattern. Strong xCT labeling was also found in the leptomeninges, along some blood vessels, in selected circumventricular organs and in a subpopulation of tanycytes residing the lateral walls of the ventral third ventricle. Neurons, oligodendrocytes and resting microglia, as well as reactive microglia induced by glutamine synthetase deficiency, were unlabeled. The concentration of xCT protein in hippocampus was compared with that of the EAAT3 glutamate transporter by immunoblotting using a chimeric xCT‐EAAT3 protein to normalize xCT and EAAT3 labeling intensities. The immunoblots suggested an xCT/EAAT3 ratio close to one (0.75 ± 0.07; average ± SEM; n = 4) in adult C57BL6 mice. Conclusions: xCT is present in select blood/brain/CSF interface areas and in an astrocyte subpopulation, in sufficient quantities to support the notion that system
provides physiologically relevant transport activity.
Specific Modulation of Vertebral Marrow Adipose Tissue by Physical Activity
Authors: Belavy Daniel L , Quittner Matthew J , Ridgers Nicola D , Shiekh Adnan , Rantalainen Timo , Trudel Guy 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) accumulation with normal aging impacts the bone, hemopoiesis, and metabolic pathways. We investigated whether exercise was associated with lower MAT, as measured by vertebral marrow fat fraction (VFF) on magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 101 healthy individuals (54 females) aged 25 to 35 years without spine or bone disease but with distinct exercise histories were studied. Long-distance runners (67 km/wk, n = 25) exhibited lower mean lumbar VFF (27.9% [8.6%] versus 33.5% [6.0%]; p = 0.0048) than non-sporting referents (n = 24). In habitual joggers (28 km/wk, n = 30), mean lumbar VFF was 31.3% (9.0%) (p = 0.22 versus referents) and 6.0 percentage points lower than referents at vertebrae T10, T11, and T12 (p ≤ 0.023). High-volume road cycling (275 km/wk, n = 22) did not impact VFF. 3D accelerations corresponding to faster walking, slow jogging, and high-impact activities correlated with lower VFF, whereas low-impact activities and sedentary time correlated with higher mean lumbar VFF (all p ≤ 0.05). Given an estimated adipose bone marrow conversion of 7% per decade of life, long distance runners, with 5.6 percentage points lower VFF, showed an estimated 8-year younger vertebral marrow adipose tissue phenotype. Regression analysis showed a 0.7 percentage point reduction in mean lumbar VFF with every 9.4 km/wk run (p = 0.002). This study presents the first evidence in humans or animals that specific volumes and types of exercise may influence the age-determined adipose marrow conversion and result in low MAT. These results identify a potentially modifiable risk factor for prevalent chronic conditions related to bone metabolism, hemopoietic production, and other metabolic functions with potential global health applications. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Purification of glutathione S‐transferase enzyme from quail liver tissue and inhibition effects of (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)‐2‐(4‐((E)‐3‐(aryl)acryloyl)phenyl)‐3a,4,7,7a‐tetrahydro‐1H‐4,7‐methanoisoindole‐1,3(2H)‐dione derivatives on the enzyme activity
Authors: Temel Yusuf , Koçyigit Umit M. , Taysı M. Şerif , Gökalp Faik , Gürdere Meliha Burcu , Budak Yakup , Ceylan Mustafa , Gülçin İlhami , Çiftci Mehmet 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe use of quail meat and eggs has made this animal important in recent years, with its low cost and high yields. Glutathione S‐transferases (GST, E.C.2.5.1.18) are an important enzyme family, which play a critical role in detoxification system. In our study, GST was purified from quail liver tissue with 47.88‐fold purification and 12.33% recovery by glutathione agarose affinity chromatography. The purity of enzyme was checked by SDS‐PAGE method and showed a single band. In addition, inhibition effects of (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)‐2‐(4‐((E)‐3‐(aryl)acryloyl)phenyl)‐3a,4,7,7a‐tetrahydro‐1H‐4,7methanoisoindole‐1,3(2H)‐dion derivatives (1a–g) were investigated on the enzyme activity. The inhibition parameters (IC50 and Ki values) were calculated for these compounds. IC50 values of these derivatives (1a–e) were found as 23.00, 15.75, 115.50, 10.00, and 28.75 μM, respectively. Ki values of these derivatives (1a–e) were calculated in the range of 3.04 ± 0.50 to 131.50 ± 32.50 μM. However, for f and g compounds, the inhibition effects on the enzyme were not found.
“Risk management” is a verb
Authors: Sheppard Faye 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo optimally demonstrate the value of risk management, our actions must show the benefits. The American Society for Healthcare Risk Management (ASHRM) board needs to provide support through tools and resources. ASHRM members must show through their actions the value of risk management. And ASHRM members need to show the organization where actions and activities should be focused in the future. Actions show the value of enterprise risk management.
Exogenous oestrogen inhibits genital transmission of cell‐associated HIV‐1 in DMPA‐treated humanized mice
Authors: Quispe Calla Nirk E , Vicetti Miguel Rodolfo D , Glick Melissa E , Kwiek Jesse J , Gabriel Janelle M , Cherpes Thomas L 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionHIV affects more women than any other life‐threatening infectious agent, and most infections are sexually transmitted. HIV must breach the female genital tract mucosal barrier to establish systemic infection, and clinical studies indicate virus more easily evades this barrier in women using depot‐medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and other injectable progestins for contraception. Identifying a potential mechanism for this association, we learned DMPA promotes susceptibility of wild‐type mice to genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) infection by reducing genital tissue expression of the cell‐cell adhesion molecule desmoglein‐1 (DSG‐1) and increasing genital mucosal permeability. Conversely, DMPA‐mediated increases in genital mucosal permeability and HSV‐2 susceptibility were eliminated in mice concomitantly administered exogenous oestrogen (E). To confirm and extend these findings, herein we used humanized mice to define effects of systemic DMPA and intravaginal (ivag) E administration on susceptibility to genital infection with cell‐associated HIV‐1.MethodsEffects of DMPA or an intravaginal (ivag) E cream on engraftment of NOD‐scid‐IL‐2Rgcnull (NSG) mice with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) were defined with flow cytometry. Confocal microscopy was used to evaluate effects of DMPA, DMPA and E cream, or DMPA and the pharmacologically active component of the cream on vaginal tissue DSG‐1 expression and genital mucosal permeability to low molecular weight (LMW) molecules and hPBMCs. In other studies, hPBMC‐engrafted NSG mice (hPBMC‐NSG) received DMPA or DMPA and ivag E cream before genital inoculation with 106 HIV‐1‐infected hPBMCs. Mice were euthanized 10 days after infection, and plasma HIV‐1 load quantified by qRT‐PCR and splenocytes used to detect HIV‐1 p24 antigen via immunohistochemistry and infectious virus via TZM‐bl luciferase assay.ResultsWhereas hPBMC engraftment was unaffected by DMPA or E treatment, mice administered DMPA and E (cream or the pharmacologically active cream component) displayed greater vaginal tissue expression of DSG‐1 protein and decreased vaginal mucosal permeability to LMW molecules and hPBMCs versus DMPA‐treated mice. DMPA‐treated hPBMC‐NSG mice were also uniformly susceptible to genital transmission of cell‐associated HIV‐1, while no animal concomitantly administered DMPA and E cream acquired systemic HIV‐1 infection.ConclusionExogenous E administration reduces susceptibility of DMPA‐treated humanized mice to genital HIV‐1 infection.
Pattern synthesis and broad nulling optimization of STMLAA with EM simulation
Authors: Ram Gopi , Panduro Marco A. , Reyna Alberto , Kar Rajib , Mandal Durbadal 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn accurate imposing of broad nulls in the side lobe levels of radiation pattern of the symmetric time modulated linear antenna array (STMLAA) is proposed in this article. The broad nulls are intended to be imposed in the range of the angular sector of 40° to 70° of angle of arrival in θ plane which is symmetrical to the main beam of the radiation pattern. The metaheuristic evolutionary algorithm with the hybridization of flower pollination algorithm with Nelder‐Mead simplex method called memetic flower pollination algorithm is used uniquely for the application of pattern synthesis to serve this purpose. The optimized results obtained by using memetic flower pollination algorithm are validated by using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio by taking practical elements of microstrip patch antenna. From algorithm's point of view, the superiority of the adopted algorithm has been justified by the statistical analysis performed along with the basic algorithms, like real‐coded genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and differential evolution. 16‐, 32‐, and 64‐element STMLAA are realized to demonstrate the proposed concept. Broad nulls are aimed to be obtained by the optimal perturbations of switching time sequences and the interelement separations of the elements having symmetricity with respect to the main beam of the radiation pattern. Moreover, the maximum side lobe level is also reduced as compared with that of the uniform linear antenna array for the same element. The microstrip patch antenna with operating frequency of 5.85 GHz has been designed, which is applicable for Wi‐Max application. The concept of pattern multiplication is applied to multiply the element pattern of patch antenna and the array factor of STMLAA of isotropic elements.
Eine optimierte Methode zur Bestimmung der Proteaseaktivität in Sauren Waldböden
Authors: Hamm Daniela , Feger Karl‐Heinz 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEine Methode zur Bestimmung der Proteaseaktivität wurde auf ihre Anwendbarkeit an sauren Waldböden (Humusauflage und Mineralboden) getestet. Untersucht wurden die Einflüsse folgender Parameter auf die Proteaseaktivität bzw. deren Nachweis: Inkubationszeit, Substratkonzentration, pH‐Wert der Inkubationslösung, Pufferlösung, Probenmatrix und Lagerung der Bodenproben. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse wird eine optimierte Methode vorgeschlagen. Die Anwendung dieser modifizierten Methode an zwei Waldstandorten, die sich in ihrem N‐Haushalt voneinander unterscheiden, zeigt, daß die Bestimmung der Proteaseaktivität auch in sauren Waldböden deutliche Differenzierungen zuläßt.
Quantitative evaluation of collagen and elastic fibers after intense pulsed light treatment of mouse skin
Authors: Faucz Luciana L. , Will Sonia E. , Rodrigues Consuelo J. , Hesse Henrique , Moraes Angelina C. , Maria Durvanei A. 
Published: January 2018

Background and ObjectiveThe aging of human skin includes intrinsic aging and photo‐aging, which are characterized by a decrease in collagen and the deposition of abnormal elastic fibers. Intense pulsed light (IPL) sources are widely used in medicine to treat various cosmetic problems, including photo‐damaged skin. Few studies have examined the microscopic changes produced by IPL. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of IPL on collagen and elastic fibers in mice.Materials and MethodsForty female BALB/c mice were divided into four subgroups. Group 1 was the control group (n = 10), and groups 2, 3, and 4 were treatment groups (n = 10 in each group). Group 2 received one treatment, group 3 received two treatments, and group 4 received three treatments every 2 weeks. Skin tissue was obtained from irradiated areas 24 hours after the last treatment in each mouse. Collagen fibers were identified using the picrosirius red method. Elastic fibers were marked by Weigert‐oxone stain. All samples were analyzed and quantified by a light microscope using analyzer system images.ResultsGroup 4, which received three IPL treatments, showed significant quantitative increases in both collagen fibers (P < 0.05) and elastic fibers (P < 0.01). Collagen fibers demonstrated a better parallel distribution in relation to the epidermis.ConclusionIPL treatment significantly increased the number of collagen and elastic fibers within the dermis and improved the parallel distribution of collagen fibers in relation to the epidermis. These results were evident after three IPL treatments. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:644–650, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Benefit finding and diurnal cortisol after prostate cancer: The mediating role of positive affect
Authors: Wang Ashley W. , Hoyt Michael A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveBenefit finding (BF) has exhibited a salutary effect on psychological adjustment to cancer. However, few studies have examined its relationship with physiology or have examined BF in men with cancer. This study investigated whether BF is associated with hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis activity (ie, diurnal salivary cortisol) in men treated for prostate cancer. Positive affect (PA) is proposed as a potential pathway linking BF to diurnal salivary cortisol.MethodsA sample of 66 men treated for localized prostate cancer within the prior 2 years completed questionnaires and collected salivary cortisol 3 times per day over 3 consecutive days. Hierarchical linear modeling was used for estimating the effects of BF and PA on cortisol responses as measured by diurnal slope and area under the curve (AUCg). Confidence intervals for indirect effects were estimated using the Monte Carlo method for mediation testing.ResultsBF was significantly associated with diurnal cortisol slope, controlling for body mass index and age (B = −.12, P = .03), such that greater BF was associated with steeper cortisol slope. Analyses revealed that PA mediated the effect of BF on cortisol slope (Monte Carlo estimation 95% CI = −0.087, −0.001); negative affect did not mediate this relationship. BF was not significantly associated with AUCg.ConclusionsDeriving more benefit from one's experience with prostate cancer is associated with a healthier diurnal cortisol rhythm. Through its potential to enhance PA, the relationship of BF and physiological processes underscores the health relevant value of BF in prostate cancer survivors.
Robust designs with high projection efficiency
Authors: Lin Chang‐Yun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlphabetic optimality criteria, such as the D, A, and I criteria, require specifying a model to select optimal designs. They are not model‐free, and the designs obtained by them may not be robust. Recently, many extensions of the D and A criteria have been proposed for selecting robust designs with high estimation efficiency. However, approaches for finding robust designs with high prediction efficiency are rarely studied in the literature. In this paper, we propose a compound criterion and apply the coordinate‐exchange 2‐phase local search algorithm to generate robust designs with high estimation, high prediction, or balanced estimation and prediction efficiency for projective submodels. Examples demonstrate that the designs obtained by our method have better projection efficiency than many existing designs.
CO2 Reforming of Methane over Ni/MgO Catalysts Promoted with Zr and La Oxides
Authors: Al‐Doghachi Faris A. J. , Taufiq‐Yap Yun Hin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn investigation on carbon dioxide reforming of methane (DRM) to synthesis gas (H2 and CO) was carried out with several synthesized Ni‐based catalysts. Mixed oxide supports (MgO‐ZrO2 and MgO‐La2O3), were prepared using co‐precipitation method with K2CO3 as the precipitant. The findings indicated a high level of catalytic activity and stability of synthesized Ni‐based catalysts for DRM. Different techniques, namely, XRD, XPS, H2‐TPR, BET, TEM, FESEM, and TGA, were employed to perform the characterization of synthesized catalysts. It was found that with the addition of promoter Zr, the catalyst Ni/Mg0.85Zr0.15O showed a high level of activity (CH4; 86%, and CO2; 98%) and better stability. The significant anti‐coking activity of the reduced catalyst with low Ni metal was evaluated. Furthermore, this research study also examined the performance of the catalyst activity and stability. The results obtained from the temperature program reduction (H2‐TPR) revealed that the presence of ZrO2 with MgO support can enhance Ni reducibility in comparison to La2O3, which is an important indicator of high activity and stability of the Ni catalysts for DRM. It was also found that the presence of La2O3 did not show any effects on the stability of the catalyst.
Photochemical Behavior of Ag0 or Au0 Decorated Nanostructured TiO2 Prepared by a Facile In Situ Reduction Method
Authors: Conceição D. S. , Vieira Ferreira L. F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe present work deals with the preparation and photochemical characterization of nanostructured TiO2 samples, decorated with metallic silver (Ag0) or gold (Au0), in the form of nanoparticles and/or agglomerates. Specifically, both a commercial TiO2 nanopowder and TiO2 mixed nanoparticles/nanowires (TNNWs), prepared via hydrothermal treatment in alkaline medium, were used as substrates for the growth of metallic Ag and Au species. The preparation route explored the intrinsic properties of the optical semiconductor, generated after lamp photoexcitation. An excess of Ti3+ states were created, in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of both UV light and a HO• scavenger. Several spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the photochemical behavior of all samples and, ultimately, to evaluate the plasmonic response of the materials.
Heterogeneous Pd/POSS Nanocatalysts for C–C Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Somjit Vetiga , Wong Chi Man Michel , Ouali Armelle , Sangtrirutnugul Preeyanuch , Ervithayasuporn Vuthichai 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn insoluble solid support of N−heterocyclic imidazolium‐functionalized cage‐like silsesquioxane (SQ); Bim‐SQ, was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of octakis(3‐chloropropyl)octasilsesquioxane with an excess bis‐(imidazol‐1‐yl)methane and investigated as a new organic‐inorganic hybrid support. In the presence of Bim‐SQ, Pd(II) from [PdCl4]2− can be stabilized via both electrostatic interactions and imidazole‐N‐coordination, giving an amorphous material of Pd(II)@Bim‐SQ. Subsequent in situ reduction of Pd(II)@Bim‐SQ during Suzuki−Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions afforded monodispersed Pd nanoparticles (2.33 ± 1.50 nm) stablized on Bim‐SQ support, PdNp@Bim‐SQ with Pd loading up to 14% w/w. Catalytic studies revealed that the pre‐catalyst Pd(II)@Bim‐SQ was active heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki−Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions, having the maximum TOFs of 5400 h−1 under mild conditions and in aqueous ethanol medium. Furthermore, PdNp@Bim‐SQ was also shown to be an efficient catalyst for Heck reactions. Simple catalyst recovery and reusability of PdNp@Bim‐SQ for at least 5 catalytic cycles without loss of activity were also demonstrated.
Novel Class of Reversible Chiral Ionic Liquids Derived from Natural Amino Acids: Synthesis and Characterization.
Authors: Bouchardy Lucie , Rodriguez‐Ruiz Violeta , Bournaud Chloée , Boyer François‐Didier , Toffano Martial , Judeinstein Patrick , Vo‐Thanh Giang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA novel class of reversible chiral ammonium‐based ionic liquids has been designed and synthesized. These chiral ammonium carbamate salts were quickly obtained by adding 1 atmosphere of CO2 gas to chiral silylated amines, easily prepared at gram scale and in some steps from natural amino acids as bio‐renewable substrates. Some physical properties of these reversible chiral ionic liquids such as reversibility temperature, thermal degradation, miscibility, and stability have been determined. The spectroscopic characteristics of the silylated amine and ionic liquid states have also been compared. The properties of reversibility, chirality, and ease of preparation should make these silylamine‐ionic liquid phases as promising solvents and/or catalysts for several applications, especially in asymmetric catalysis fields.