bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MR textural analysis on T2 FLAIR images for the prediction of true oligodendroglioma by the 2016 WHO genetic classification
Authors: Rui Wenting , Ren Yan , Wang Yin , Gao Xinyi , Xu Xiao , Yao Zhenwei 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundThe genetic status of 1p/19q is important for differentiating oligodendroglioma, isocitrate‐dehydrogenase (IDH)‐mutant, and 1p/19q‐codeleted from diffuse astrocytoma, IDH‐mutant according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.PurposeTo assess the value of magnetic resonance textural analysis (MRTA) on T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images for making a genetically integrated diagnosis of true oligodendroglioma by WHO guidelines.Study TypeRetrospective case control.SubjectsIn all, there were 54 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of diffuse glioma (grade II). All were tested for IDH and 1p/19q.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T, including T2 FLAIR sequence, axial T1‐weighted, and T2‐weighted sequence.AssessmentMRTA on a representative tumor region of interest (ROI) was made on preoperative T2 FLAIR images around the area that had the largest diameter of solid tumor using Omni Kinetics software.Statistical TestsDifferences between IDH‐mutant and 1p/19q‐codeleted and IDH‐mutant and 1p/19q‐intact gliomas were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney rank sum test. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were created to assess MRTA diagnostic performance. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated with a cutoff value according to the Youden Index.ResultsComparisons demonstrated significant differences in kurtosis (P = 0.007), energy (0.008), entropy (0.008), mean deviation (MD) (<0.001), and high gray‐level run emphasis (HGLRE) (0.002), cluster shade (0.025), and sum average (0.002). First‐order features comprising entropy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.718, sensitivity = 97.1%) and energy (0.719, 94.1%) had the highest sensitivity but lower specificity (both 45%). Second‐order features such as HGLRE (AUC = 0.750, sensitivity = 73.5%, specificity = 80.0%) and sum average (0.751, 70.6%, 80.0%) had relatively higher specificity, and all had AUC >0.7. MD had the highest diagnostic performance, with AUC = 0.878, sensitivity = 94.1%, specificity = 75.0%, PPV = 86.5%, and NPV = 88.2%.Data ConclusionMRTA on T2 FLAIR images may be helpful in identifying oligodendroglioma, IDH‐mutant, and 1p/19q‐codeleted.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
Implementing the 2012 North American Waterfowl Management Plan revision: Populations, habitat, and people
Authors: Humburg Dale D. , Anderson Michael G. , Brasher Michael G. , Carter Michael F. , Eadie John M. , Fulton David C. , Johnson Fred A. , Runge Michael C. , Vrtiska Mark P. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) has established a model for wildlife conservation planning over the last 3 decades. Management at a continental scale, leveraged funding, regional partnerships, and a strong science basis have been notable features. Periodic updates to the NAWMP occurred since implementation in 1986; however, a fundamental revision was accomplished in 2012 after extensive stakeholder engagement. An explicit fundamental goal for waterfowl conservation supporters was added in 2012, complementing existing goals for sustainable populations and sufficient habitat found in previous updates. We present a synopsis of progress toward implementation of the 2012 NAWMP and challenge the waterfowl management community to continue with meaningful steps toward achieving NAWMP goals. Adding goals and objectives for supporters increases potential relevance of NAWMP; however, it also presents a level of complexity that was not entirely anticipated. Additionally, the 2012 NAWMP recognized that traditional support from waterfowl hunters alone will not be sufficient to support waterfowl conservation in the future. Simultaneous consideration of multiple objectives, although implicit before, now is a specific focus for habitat and harvest management affecting hunters and other users of the waterfowl resource. The waterfowl management community is faced with revisiting objectives and management actions related to harvest regulations, landscape priorities, habitat conservation, and public engagement to garner broader support. These persistent management challenges are tangible and relevant candidates for greater integration. Ultimately, the structures and processes supporting waterfowl management also will need to be reconsidered. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Tree cavity occupancy by nesting vertebrates across cavity age
Authors: Edworthy Amanda B. , Trzcinski M. Kurtis , Cockle Kristina L. , Wiebe Karen L. , Martin Kathy 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTCavity‐nesting birds and mammals exhibit species‐specific nest‐site selection for tree characteristics and cavity dimensions. Although trees and their cavities change as they age, with trees becoming softer and cavities becoming larger, it is not known how their value as nesting resources varies with age. In the context of wildlife and forest management, we investigated the relative value of generating a supply of fresh cavities, which are thought to be of high quality, versus protecting cavities as they age and expand in interior volume. For 21 years (1995–2016), we monitored the formation and occupancy of tree cavities used by >30 species of birds and mammals in interior British Columbia, Canada. Cavity occupancy by secondary users was highest 1 year post‐excavation (53%), then declined to 40% after 2 years, remained at 33 ± 7% (SD) between 3 and 16 years of age, and increased to 50% use from 17–20 years post‐excavation. Excavators that reused cavities (woodpeckers [Picidae], nuthatches [Sitta spp.]) strongly selected 1‐ and 2‐year‐old cavities, large‐bodied non‐excavators (ducks, raptors, squirrels) selected mid‐aged cavities, and mountain bluebirds (Sialia currucoides) and tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) selected most strongly for the oldest cavities. Cavities created in living aspen trees (Populus spp.), especially those excavated by northern flickers (Colaptes auratus), maintained high occupancy by secondary users across cavity age, and provided the bulk of cavities used in this system. Altogether, these results show that a diverse excavator community is needed to generate a supply of fresh cavities in the ecosystem, and retention of the mid‐aged and older cavities will help support larger species. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Nanolasers Enabled by Metallic Nanoparticles: From Spasers to Random Lasers
Authors: Wang Zhuoxian , Meng Xiangeng , Kildishev Alexander V. , Boltasseva Alexandra , Shalaev Vladimir M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOwing to exotic optical responses, metallic nanoparticles and nanostructures are finding broad applications in laser science, leading to numerous design variations of plasmonic nanolasers. Nowadays, two of the most intriguing plasmonic nanolasing devices are spasers and random lasers. While a spaser is based on a single metallic nanoparticle resonator with the optical feedback provided by the localized surface plasmon resonance, the operation of a random laser relies on multiple light scattering within randomly distributed metallic nanoparticles. In this paper, an up‐to‐date review on the applications of metallic nanoparticles in spasers and random lasers is provided. Principles of a random spaser, a device combining the features of a spaser and a random laser, are briefly discussed as well. The paper is focused on major theoretical and experimental approaches to control the core metrics of lasing performance, including threshold, resonant wavelength, and emission directionality. The applications of spasers and random lasers in the fields of sensing and imaging are also mentioned. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in this area of research are discussed.
Control of Radiation/Living Graft Polymerization in the Solid State
Authors: Hamada Takashi , Hasegawa Shin , Maekawa Yasunari 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA novel approach for the preparation of well‐defined graft polymers is applied to poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) substrates, using a combination of radiation‐induced graft polymerization (RIGP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The ATRP of styrene (St) and styrene sulfonic acid ethyl ester (ETSS) has successfully proceeded from the macroinitiators, which are introduced by RIGP of chloromethylstyrene in the solid‐state PEEK substrates at 50 °C under conditions where no thermal polymerization takes place. By optimizing the catalyst concentration, the grafting degree of St and ETSS increases linearly up to ≈112 and 381%, followed by a unique rapid increase at a speed similar to that observed in solution ATRP. The living nature of the propagating radicals at the terminal of grafted polymers is confirmed by successive ATRP of St from the St‐grafted PEEK films, which are isolated after an initial round of ATRP of St.
Neobladder—Vaginal fistula: The University of Southern California experience
Authors: Rosenberg Shilo , Miranda Gus , Ginsberg David A. 
Published: November 2017

AimsThe use of orthotropic neobladder (ONB) construction in women has increased in popularity. With increasing numbers so have complications distinct to this procedure. Neobladder vaginal fistula (NVF) is a rare but challenging complication. We present our experience correcting this problem.MethodsAn IRB approved database of female patients with an ONB was retrospectively reviewed. Patients with a history of NVF were identified and charts reviewed. Our standard technique of radical cystectomy and orthotopic diversion in female patients includes interposition of omentum between the neobladder and anterior vaginal wall and sacrocolpopexy.ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐nine female patients underwent cystectomy and ONB construction between 1995 and 2015. Fourteen patients were diagnosed with a NVF (5.6% incidence). The average age and follow‐up was 67 years and 33.7 months, respectively. Surgery for fistula closure was attempted in 13 patients. One repair was combined abdominal and transvaginal; the remaining 12 were performed transvaginally. Location of NVF was categorized as at the urethra‐neobladder anastomosis (UNA, nine patients) and anterior vaginal wall (AVW, four patients). Eight patients had a successful fistula repair (61.5%) but only five patients ultimately retained their ONB (39%).ConclusionsPatients with a NVF pose a surgical challenge. Successful fistula repair does not necessarily result in adequate continence due to an incompetent outlet. NVF location at the UNA is the more common location and is more challenging in regard to successful resolution of the NVF as well as possible urinary incontinence post‐NVF repair.
Defining the protein complexome of translation termination factor eRF1: Identification of four novel eRF1‐containing complexes that range from 20S to 57S in size
Authors: Denis Clyde L. , Richardson Roy , Park Shiwha , Zhang Chongxu , Xi Wen , Laue Thomas M. , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe eukaryotic eRF1 translation termination factor plays an important role in recognizing stop codons and initiating the end to translation. However, which exact complexes contain eRF1 and at what abundance is not clear. We have used analytical ultracentrifugation with fluorescent detection system to identify the protein complexome of eRF1 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition to eRF1 presence in translating polysomes, we found that eRF1 associated with five other macromolecular complexes: 77S, 57S, 39S, 28S, and 20S in size. Generally equal abundances of each of these complexes were found. The 77S complex primarily contained the free 80S ribosome consistent with in vitro studies and did not appear to contain significant levels of the monosomal translating complex that co‐migrates with the free 80S ribosome. The 57S and 39S complexes represented, respectively, free 60S and 40S ribosomal subunits bound to eRF1, associations not previously reported. The novel 28S and 20S complexes (containing minimal masses of 830 KDa and 500 KDa, respectively) lacked significant RNA components and appeared to be oligomeric, as eRF1 has a mass of 49 KDa. The majority of polysomal complexes containing eRF1 were both substantially deadenylated and lacking in closed‐loop factors eIF4E and eIF4G. The thirteen percent of such translating polysomes that contained poly(A) tails had equivalent levels of eIF4E and eIF4G, suggesting these complexes were in a closed‐loop structure. The identification of eRF1 in these unique and previously unrecognized complexes suggests a variety of new roles for eRF1 in the regulation of cellular processes.
Application of the Proportion of Sediment‐sensitive Invertebrates (PSI) biomonitoring index
Authors: Extence C.A. , Chadd R.P. , England J. , Naura M. , Pickwell A.G.G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSedimentation of river beds is a key pressure impacting riverine ecological communities. Research has identified the need for new approaches to help demonstrate and quantify the impacts of excessive fine‐sediment deposition on benthic macroinvertebrate populations. To help meet this requirement, the Proportion of Sediment‐sensitive Invertebrates (PSI) methodology was developed and has been in operational use in the United Kingdom for several years. This paper presents a number of case studies, at both national and local scales, showing how the method can be used to identify point and nonpoint fine‐sediment pollution, as well as demonstrating the analysis of a national dataset to describe the relationship between PSI and a channel substrate index. A novel approach to displaying PSI data alongside local ecological and hydrological information is also presented and interpreted, to illustrate how improved understanding of biotic and abiotic relationships and interactions can be readily accomplished. Excessive fine‐sediment accumulation on river beds results in impaired ecosystem health globally. The case studies and examples presented here will provide confidence that the PSI method can form the basis for evidence gathering and analysis, both within and beyond the United Kingdom. The paper concludes with an overview of the use of PSI in catchment research and management, a consideration of the relationship of the metric with other macroinvertebrate indices, and a summary of refinements recently applied to the index.
Strategy as staged performance: A critical discursive perspective on keynote speeches as a genre of strategic communication
Authors: Wenzel Matthias , Koch Jochen 
Published: November 2017

Research Summary: In this article, we explore how keynote speeches come into being as a staged genre of strategic communication. In our critical discursive analysis of video data on Apple Inc.'s keynote speeches, we demonstrate how keynote speeches are multimodally accomplished through the embodied enactment of four discursive practices: referencing, relating, demarcating, and mystifying. We show how different bodily movements, which we describe as leveling and leaping gestures, systematically contribute to constructing different conceptions of strategy through the enactment of these discursive practices as a staged genre of strategic communication. Our findings contribute to strategy‐as‐practice research by extending the nascent but growing literature on genres of strategic communication, the strategist's body in the strategy process, and the use of video‐based research methods.
Managerial Summary: Firms increasingly rely on keynote speeches to communicate their strategies. As a result, managers invest more and more time and effort into preparing and rehearsing their keynote speeches. But how do managers communicate strategy in these staged performances? Based on an analysis of Apple Inc.'s keynote speeches, we explore the discursive and bodily patterns that characterize this genre. In doing so, we demonstrate that the coordinated use of bodily movements in keynote speeches is consequential for highlighting different aspects of the communicated strategy. This shows that keynote speeches and other types of public speeches cannot simply be scripted, but require managers to engage in bodily rehearsal and training in order to communicate strategies effectively.
The power of PowerPoint: A visual perspective on meaning making in strategy
Authors: Knight Eric , Paroutis Sotirios , Heracleous Loizos 
Published: November 2017

Research Summary: Relying on ethnographic data from two consulting engagements, we find that strategists use threevisual mechanisms(depiction, juxtaposition, and salience) to create PowerPoint slides. These visual mechanisms prompt meaning‐making through the conversations they stimulate, creatingstrategic visibility. As participants react to visuals, they enact revised interpretations of the strategy, reflectingstrategic resonance. Based on the interactions among these three subprocesses (visual mechanisms, strategic visibility, andstrategic resonance), we develop a process model for how visuals influence meaning making in strategy engagements. We contribute to existing strategy practice and process studies by explaining how visuals help broker divergent interpretations of a strategy and give rise to new understandings, especially when issues are politically sensitive or analytically complex.Managerial Summary: The purpose of this study is to understand how strategists use visual information (specifically in PowerPoint slides), and its effects on the strategy process. We find that strategy conversations are influenced by the techniques strategists use to create slides, which in turn shape the kinds of follow‐up actions taken. The implications are that: (a) PowerPoint slides can be designed to help tackle complex issues, for instance, when participants have divergent opinions or in politically sensitive situations, and (b) those who craft and edit PowerPoint slides strongly influence the direction of the strategy. The skillful use of PowerPoint is therefore crucial in allowing managers to shape the nature and speed of strategy engagements.
Single Cell Resolution of Human Hematoendothelial Cells Defines Transcriptional Signatures of Hemogenic Endothelium
Authors: Angelos Mathew G. , Abrahante Juan E. , Blum Robert H. , Kaufman Dan S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) is an important stage in definitive hematopoietic development. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying human EHT remain poorly characterized. We performed single cell RNA-seq using 55 hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs: CD31+CD144+CD41–CD43–CD45–CD73–RUNX1c+), 47 vascular endothelial cells without hematopoietic potential (non-HE: CD31+CD144+CD41–CD43–CD45–CD73–RUNX1c–), and 35 hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs: CD34+CD43+RUNX1c+) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). HE and HP were enriched in genes implicated in hemogenic endothelial transcriptional networks, such as ERG, GATA2, and FLI. We found transcriptional overlap between individual HECs and HPCs; however, these populations were distinct from non-HE. Further analysis revealed novel biomarkers for human HEC/HPCs, including TIMP3, ESAM, RHOJ, and DLL4. Collectively, we demonstrate that hESC-derived HE and HP share a common developmental pathway, while non-HE are more heterogeneous and transcriptionally distinct. Our findings provide a novel strategy to test new genetic targets and optimize the production of definitive hematopoietic cells from human pluripotent stem cells.
Notch1 and Notch2 Coordinately Regulate Stem Cell Function in the Quiescent and Activated States of Muscle Satellite Cells
Authors: Fujimaki Shin , Seko Daiki , Kitajima Yasuo , Yoshioka Kiyoshi , Tsuchiya Yoshifumi , Masuda Shinya , Ono Yusuke 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Satellite cells, the muscle tissue stem cells, express three Notch receptors (Notch1–3). The function of Notch1 and Notch2 in satellite cells has to date not been fully evaluated. We investigated the role of Notch1 and Notch2 in myogenic progression in adult skeletal muscle using tamoxifen-inducible satellite cell-specific conditional knockout mice for Notch1 (N1-scKO), Notch2 (N2-scKO), and Notch1/Notch2 (scDKO). In the quiescent state, the number of satellite cells was slightly reduced in N2-scKO, but not significantly in N1-scKO, and almost completely depleted in scDKO mice. N1-scKO and N2-scKO mice both exhibited a defect in muscle regeneration induced by cardiotoxin injection, while muscle regeneration was severely compromised with marked fibrosis in scDKO mice. In the activated state, ablation of either Notch1 or Notch2 alone in satellite cells prevented population expansion and self-renewal but induced premature myogenesis. Therefore, our results indicate that Notch1 and Notch2 coordinately maintain the stem-cell pool in the quiescent state by preventing activation and regulate stem-cell-fate decision in the activated state, governing adult muscle regeneration.
Evaluation of hypothalamus‐pituitary‐thyroid axis function by chronic perchlorate exposure in male rats
Authors: Serrano‐Nascimento Caroline , Calil‐Silveira Jamile , Dalbosco Rafael , Zorn Telma Tenorio , Nunes Maria Tereza 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPerchlorate is a widespread endocrine disruptor that was previously correlated with increased serum TSH levels and decreased thyroid hormones production both in animals and humans. Even so, the regulation of gene/protein expression in the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid by chronic perchlorate exposure was not completely elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in the disruption of hypothalamus‐pituitary‐thyroid axis by chronic perchlorate exposure. Male Wistar rats were treated or not with NaClO4 in the drinking water (35 mg/Kg/day) for 60 days. Thereafter, hormone/cytokines serum levels were measured through multiplex assays; genes/proteins expression were investigated by qPCR/Western Blotting and thyroid morphology was evaluated through histological analysis. Serum TSH levels were increased and serum T4/T3 levels were decreased in perchlorate‐treated animals. This treatment also altered the thyrotropin‐releasing hormone mRNA/protein content in the hypothalamus. Additionally, the expression of both subunits of TSH were increased in the pituitary of perchlorate‐treated rats, which also presented significant alterations in the thyroid morphology/gene expression. Furthermore, perchlorate exposure reduced liver Dio1 mRNA expression and increased the content of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the thyroid and the serum. In conclusion, our study adds novel findings about the perchlorate‐induced disruption of the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐thyroid axis gene/protein expression in male rats. The data presented herein also suggest that perchlorate induces thyroid and systemic inflammation through the increased production of cytokines. Taken together, our results suggest that perchlorate contamination should be monitored, especially in the individuals most susceptible to the deleterious effects of reduced levels of thyroid hormones.
Fluid
Authors: Wallis Jennifer 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this chapter Wallis explores how post-mortem investigation in the late-Victorian asylum informed both treatments during life and new ideas about the basis of mental disease. Wallis shows how trepanation (making a hole in the skull) was employed by asylum doctors as a means of draining excess cerebro-spinal fluid, discussing contemporary rationales for the procedure and ethical concerns. The chapter goes on to consider how other fluids in the body, such as urine, were also analysed by asylum doctors. Finally, as asylum doctors began to evolve a ‘toxic’ theory of mental disease at the end of the nineteenth century, Wallis demonstrates how new bacteriological understandings of mental disease could co-exist with older models that stressed the patient’s family and life history.