bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interferons and beyond: Induction of antiretroviral restriction factors
Authors: Hotter Dominik , Kirchhoff Frank 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Antiviral restriction factors are structurally and functionally diverse cellular proteins that play a key role in the first line of defense against viral pathogens. Although many cell types constitutively express restriction factors at low levels, their induction in response to viral exposure and replication is often required for potent control and repulse of the invading pathogens. It is well established that type I IFNs efficiently induce antiviral restriction factors. Accumulating evidence suggests that other types of IFN, as well as specific cytokines, such as IL-27, and other activators of the cell are also capable of enhancing the expression of restriction factors and hence to establish an antiviral cellular state. Agents that efficiently induce restriction factors, increase their activity, and/or render them resistant against viral antagonists without causing general inflammation and significant side effects hold some promise for novel therapeutic or preventive strategies. In the present review, we summarize some of the current knowledge on the induction of antiretroviral restriction factors and perspectives for therapeutic application.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Rewiring host cell signaling to promote infection
Authors: Stutz Michael D , Clark Michelle P , Doerflinger Marcel , Pellegrini Marc 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to cause disease hinges upon successfully thwarting the innate defenses of the macrophage host cell. The pathogen's trump card is its armory of virulence factors that throw normal host cell signaling into disarray. This process of subverting the macrophage begins upon entry into the cell, when M. tuberculosis actively inhibits the fusion of the bacilli-laden phagosomes with lysosomes. The pathogen then modulates an array of host signal transduction pathways, which dampens the macrophage's host-protective cytokine response, while simultaneously adapting host cell metabolism to stimulate lipid body accumulation. Mycobacterium tuberculosis also renovates the surface of its innate host cells by altering the expression of key molecules required for full activation of the adaptive immune response. Finally, the pathogen coordinates its exit from the host cell by shifting the balance from the host-protective apoptotic cell death program toward a lytic form of host cell death. Thus, M. tuberculosis exploits its extensive repertoire of virulence factors in order to orchestrate the infection process to facilitate its growth, dissemination, and entry into latency. This review offers critical insights into the most recent advances in our knowledge of how M. tuberculosis manipulates host cell signaling. An appreciation of such interactions between the pathogen and host is critical for guiding novel therapies and understanding the factors that lead to the development of active disease in only a subset of exposed individuals.
Osteochondral repair using an acellular dermal matrix—pilot in vivo study in a rabbit osteochondral defect model
Authors: Ye Ken , Traianedes Kathy , Robins Shalley A. , Choong Peter F. M. , Myers Damian E. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of this pilot project was to introduce a novel use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in combination with infrapatellar fat pad mesenchymal stromal cells (IPFP‐MSCs) to effect repair in a rabbit osteochondral defect model. ADM, in a range of surgical procedures, has been shown to promote remodelling of tissue at the site of implantation. Rabbit‐derived ADM (rabADM) was prepared from the skin of donor rabbits. Autologous IPFP‐MSCs were obtained at the time of knee surgery. Osteochondral defects (4 mm cartilage outer/2 mm central bone defect) were drilled into distal femoral condyles of 12 New Zealand White rabbits. Treatments groups: (i) defect only; (ii) rabADM alone; (iii) IPFP‐MSCs alone; and (iv) rabADM with IPFP‐MSCs. Condyles were harvested at 12 weeks, and analyzed using histology, immunohistochemistry (types I and II collagen) and histomorphometry to evaluate osteochondral repair. The rabADM only group achieved the highest ratio of type II to non‐type II collagen (77.3%) using areal measures (similar to normal cartilage), which indicated a higher quality of cartilage repair. The addition of IPFP‐MSCs, with or without rabADM, formed a fibrous collagen cap above the lesion site not seen with rabADM alone. Macroscopically, there was no joint erosion, inflammation, swelling or deformity, and all animals maintained full range of motion. Conclusions: RabADM alone resulted in neocartilage formation similar to native cartilage. IPFP‐MSCs limited osteochondral repair and contributed to fibrosis, even in combination with the rabADM. Further studies using ADM for osteochondral repair are warranted in a more appropriate pre‐clinical model of osteochondral repair. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1919–1928, 2018.
On‐site Raman study of artwork: Procedure and illustrative examples
Authors: Colomban Philippe 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRaman microspectroscopy conducted with transportable/mobile instruments allows for the non‐invasive identification of amorphous and crystalline phases of ancient masterpieces and outstanding artworks (objects, paintings and décor, building parts, etc.). Resonance Raman spectroscopy detects chromophore and dye traces. On the basis of examples (enamelled glass and pottery, enamelled metal, patinated/corroded metal, stained glass, sculptures, paintings, pastels, and drawings), this mini review discusses the main parameters (laser and optics choice, experimental procedure, etc.) and shows how phase identification contributes to a better understanding of innovant technology exchanges.
High‐resolution and compact virtual mouse using lens arrays to capture finger images on light sensors
Authors: Qin Zong , Chang Yu‐Cheng , Su Yu‐Jie , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTo realize a finger positioning device, as called “virtual mouse,” to replace a touchpad, touchscreen, or even real mouse, current positioning technologies cannot achieve a sufficient resolution, a compact volume, and a simple detection algorithm simultaneously. For this problem, using a light‐emitting diode source, two lens arrays, and two light sensors, we design and implement a virtual mouse prototype. The optical architecture is carefully determined for a compact volume, a sufficient resolution, and a high detection accuracy. Corresponding to a compact system volume of 3.1 mm (thickness) × 4.5 mm (length) × 2, a theoretical resolution higher than 25 pixels per inch (ppi) can be obtained over a working area of 10 cm × 10 cm. Experiments are also implemented, in which a mean detection error of 0.24 cm that corresponds to approximately two distinguishable points, and a minimal resolution of 26 ppi over the whole working area are verified. If the system thickness is relaxed to 25 mm, a resolution higher than 200 ppi can be achieved. The proposed virtual mouse, which is simple enough and potential to be extended for three‐dimensional position detection, can be integrated with a flat panel display to achieve a compact display application that can interact with users.
Combination of surface and ‘vertical’ loop elements improves receive performance of a human head transceiver array at 9.4 T
Authors: Avdievich N.I. , Giapitzakis I.A. , Pfrommer A. , Borbath T. , Henning A. 
Published: December 2017

Ultra‐high‐field (UHF, ≥7 T) human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides undisputed advantages over low‐field MRI (≤3 T), but its development remains challenging because of numerous technical issues, including the low efficiency of transmit (Tx) radiofrequency (RF) coils caused by the increase in tissue power deposition with frequency. Tight‐fit human head transceiver (TxRx) arrays improve Tx efficiency in comparison with Tx‐only arrays, which are larger in order to fit multi‐channel receive (Rx)‐only arrays inside. A drawback of the TxRx design is that the number of elements in an array is limited by the number of available high‐power RF Tx channels (commonly 8 or 16), which is not sufficient for optimal Rx performance. In this work, as a proof of concept, we developed a method for increasing the number of Rx elements in a human head TxRx surface loop array without the need to move the loops away from a sample, which compromises the array Tx performance. We designed and constructed a prototype 16‐channel tight‐fit array, which consists of eight TxRx surface loops placed on a cylindrical holder circumscribing a head, and eight Rx‐only vertical loops positioned along the central axis (parallel to the magnetic field B0) of each TxRx loop, perpendicular to its surface. We demonstrated both experimentally and numerically that the addition of the vertical loops has no measurable effect on the Tx efficiency of the array. An increase in the maximum local specific absorption rate (SAR), evaluated using two human head voxel models (Duke and Ella), measured 3.4% or less. At the same time, the 16‐element array provided 30% improvement of central signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in vivo relative to a surface loop eight‐element array. The novel array design also demonstrated an improvement in the parallel Rx performance in the transversal plane. Thus, using this method, both the Rx and Tx performance of the human head array can be optimized simultaneously.
Controlling aggregate formation in conjugated polymers by spin‐coating below the critical temperature of the disorder–order transition
Authors: Reichenberger Markus , Kroh Daniel , Matrone Giovanni M. M. , Schötz Konstantin , Pröller Stephan , Filonik Oliver , Thordardottir Margret E. , Herzig Eva M. , Bässler Heinz , Stingelin Natalie , Köhler Anna 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAggregates – that is short‐ranged ordered moieties in the solid‐state of π‐conjugated polymers – play an important role in the photophysics and performance of various optoelectronic devices. We have previously shown that many polymers change from a disordered to a more ordered conformation when cooling a solution below a characteristic critical temperature
. Using in situ time‐resolved absorption spectroscopy on the prototypical semiconducting polymers P3HT, PFO, PCPDTBT, and PCE11 (PffBT4T‐2OD), we show that spin‐coating at a temperature below
can enhance the formation of aggregates with strong intra‐chain coupling. An analysis of their time‐resolved spectra indicates that the formation of nuclei in the initial stages of film formation for substrates held below
seems responsible for this. We observe that the growth rate of the aggregates is thermally activated with an energy of 310 meV, which is much more than that of the solvent viscosity (100 meV). From this we conclude that the rate controlling step is the planarization of a chain that is associated with its attachment to a nucleation center. The success of our approach for the rather dynamic deposition method of spin‐coating holds promise for other solution‐based deposition methods. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 532–542
Successful refolding and NMR structure of rMagi3: A disulfide‐rich insecticidal spider toxin
Authors: Titaux‐Delgado Gustavo , Carrillo Elisa , Mendoza Angeles , Mayorga‐Flores Marlen , Escobedo‐González Fátima C. , Cano‐Sánchez Patricia , López‐Vera Estuardo , Corzo Gerardo , del Rio‐Portilla Federico 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe need for molecules with high specificity against noxious insects leads the search towards spider venoms that have evolved highly selective toxins for insect preys. In this respect, spiders as a highly diversified group of almost exclusive insect predators appear to possess infinite potential for the discovery of novel insect‐selective toxins. In 2003, a group of toxins was isolated from the spider Macrothele gigas and the amino acid sequence was reported. We obtained, by molecular biology techniques in a heterologous system, one of these toxins. Purification process was optimized by chromatographic methods to determine the three‐dimensional structure by nuclear magnetic resonance in solution, and, finally, their biological activity was tested. rMagi3 resulted to be a specific insect toxin with no effect on mice.
Effect of core substituents on the intramolecular exchange interaction in N,N′‐dioxy‐2,6‐diazaadamantane biradical: DFT studies
Authors: Khafizov Nail R. , Mukhametgaleev Ravil , Madzhidov Timur I. , Kadkin Oleg N. , Antipin Igor S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDensity‐functional theory calculations of a series of organic biradicals on the basis of the N,N′‐dioxy‐2,6‐diazaadamantane core with different substituents at carbon atoms adjacent to the nitroxyl groups have been performed by the UB3LYP/6‐311++G(2d,2p) method. Using the breaking symmetry approach, the values of the exchange interaction parameter, J, between the radical centers are calculated. It is shown that the intramolecular exchange interaction for the most part is ferromagnetic in nature, but the J parameter gradually decreases, changing its sign to antiferromagnetic interaction for the last substituent in the following sequence: CF3(CH3)COH > CH2F(H)COH > CH2OH > H > CBr3 > CH2F > CCl3 > CF3 > CH2Br > CH2Cl > CH3 > C2H5 > C3H7 > i‐C4H9 > F > Br > OCH3 > Cl > CH2C6H5. The calculations at the UHSEH1PBE/6‐311++G(2d,2p) level with the most of substituents show nearly the same variation sequence for the J parameter. It is concluded that spin polarization effects in the diazaadamantane cage and a direct through‐space antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between the nitroxyl groups are the main mechanisms contributing to the exchange interaction parameter value in the studied series of compounds. The exchange coupling constant, J, depends on the electronic effects and geometry of the substituents, as well as on their specific interactions with the nitroxyl radical groups.
New protocol for compound‐specific radiocarbon analysis of archaeological bones
Authors: Deviese Thibaut , Comeskey Daniel , McCullagh James , Bronk Ramsey Christopher , Higham Thomas 
Published: December 2017

RationaleFor radiocarbon results to be accurate, samples must be free of contaminating carbon. Sample pre‐treatment using a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) approach has been developed at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU) as an alternative to conventional methods for dating heavily contaminated bones. This approach isolates hydroxyproline from bone collagen, enabling a purified bone‐specific fraction to then be radiocarbon dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS).MethodsUsing semi‐preparative chromatography and non‐carbon‐based eluents, this technique enables the separation of underivatised amino acids liberated by hydrolysis of extracted bone collagen. A particular focus has been the isolation of hydroxyproline for single‐compound AMS dating since this amino acid is one of the main contributors to the total amount of carbon in mammalian collagen. Our previous approach, involving a carbon‐free aqueous mobile phase, required a two‐step separation using two different chromatographic columns.ResultsThis paper reports significant improvements that have been recently made to the method to enable faster semi‐preparative separation of hydroxyproline from bone collagen, making the method more suitable for routine radiocarbon dating of contaminated and/or poorly preserved bone samples by AMS. All steps of the procedure, from the collagen extraction to the correction of the AMS data, are described.ConclusionsThe modifications to the hardware and to the method itself have reduced significantly the time required for the preparation of each sample. This makes it easier for other radiocarbon facilities to implement and use this approach as a routine method for preparing contaminated bone samples.
The PM&R Journal Implements a Social Media Strategy to Disseminate Research and Track Alternative Metrics in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Authors: Niehaus William N. , Silver Julie K. , Katz Matthew S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractImplementation science is an evolving part of translating evidence into clinical practice and public health policy. This report describes how a social media strategy for the journal PM&R using metrics, including alternative metrics, contributes to the dissemination of research and other information in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation. The primary goal of the strategy was to disseminate information about rehabilitation medicine, including but not limited to new research published in the journal, to health care professionals. Several different types of metrics were studied, including alternative metrics that are increasingly being used to demonstrate impact in academic medicine. A secondary goal was to encourage diversity and inclusion of the physiatric workforce—enhancing the reputations of all physiatrists by highlighting their research, lectures, awards, and other accomplishments with attention to those who may be underrepresented. A third goal was to educate the public so that they are more aware of the field and how to access care. This report describes the early results following initiation of PM&R's coordinated social media strategy. Through a network of social media efforts that are strategically integrated, physiatrists and their associated institutions have an opportunity to advance their research and clinical agendas, support the diverse physiatric workforce, and educate the public about the field to enhance patient awareness and access to care.
Glutaminolysis drives membrane trafficking to promote invasiveness of breast cancer cells
Authors: Dornier Emmanuel , Rabas Nicolas , Mitchell Louise , Novo David , Dhayade Sandeep , Marco Sergi , Mackay Gillian , Sumpton David , Pallares Maria , Nixon Colin , Blyth Karen , Macpherson Iain R. , Rainero Elena , Norman Jim C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe role of glutaminolysis in providing metabolites to support tumour growth is well-established, but the involvement of glutamine metabolism in invasive processes is yet to be elucidated. Here we show that normal mammary epithelial cells consume glutamine, but do not secrete glutamate. Indeed, low levels of extracellular glutamate are necessary to maintain epithelial homoeostasis, and provision of glutamate drives disruption of epithelial morphology and promotes key characteristics of the invasive phenotype such as lumen-filling and basement membrane disruption. By contrast, primary cultures of invasive breast cancer cells convert glutamine to glutamate which is released from the cell through the system Xc- antiporter to activate a metabotropic glutamate receptor. This contributes to the intrinsic aggressiveness of these cells by upregulating Rab27-dependent recycling of the transmembrane matrix metalloprotease, MT1-MMP to promote invasive behaviour leading to basement membrane disruption. These data indicate that acquisition of the ability to release glutamate is a key watershed in disease aggressiveness.
Coupling ultracold atoms to a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator
Authors: Hattermann H. , Bothner D. , Ley L. Y. , Ferdinand B. , Wiedmaier D. , Sárkány L. , Kleiner R. , Koelle D. , Fortágh J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEnsembles of trapped atoms interacting with on-chip microwave resonators are considered as promising systems for the realization of quantum memories, novel quantum gates, and interfaces between the microwave and optical regime. Here, we demonstrate coupling of magnetically trapped ultracold Rb ground-state atoms to a coherently driven superconducting coplanar resonator on an integrated atom chip. When the cavity is driven off-resonance from the atomic transition, the microwave field strength in the cavity can be measured through observation of the AC shift of the atomic hyperfine transition frequency. When driving the cavity in resonance with the atoms, we observe Rabi oscillations between hyperfine states, demonstrating coherent control of the atomic states through the cavity field. These observations enable the preparation of coherent atomic superposition states, which are required for the implementation of an atomic quantum memory.
Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1993
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Alexander Sandra D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Control of mixed populations of NCR and WCR was determined in 2 insecticide efficacy studies. Both experiments were conducted on separate fields approximately 1 mile apart at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. Corn was planted no-till on 18 May (in both experiments) using a John Deere Max-Emerge 2 row planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 5 × 40 ft plots in RCBD with 4 replications per treatment. Plants were counted on 7 Jun (Experiment 1) and 24 Jun (Experiment 2). Root damage ratings were evaluated 29 Jul (Experiment 1) and 30 Jul (Experiment 2) using the Iowa 1 to 6 system. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting each plot for shelled corn on 18 Nov (in both experiments). Percent moisture was determined for each plot and adjusted to 15.5%.
Evaluation of Recommended Insecticides for Control of Cotton Aphid in Mississippi Cotton, 1993
Authors: Layton Blake , Varner Doyle 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 8 Jul using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gal of finished spray per acre through 8001 nozzle tips at 40 psi. The plots, which were located in Tallahatchie County, were 8 rows wide × 50 ft long and were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Samples were taken at 4 and 8 DAT by counting the number of aphids per leaf on 10 leaves per plot (5 leaves taken from the 4th node below the terminal and 5 taken from different randomly-selected plants from the 8th node below the terminal). The maximum number of aphids recorded per leaf was 100 regardless of how many aphids in excess of 100 were actually present. No rainfall occurred prior to the 4 DAT count.
Efficacy of Selected Pyrethroid Insecticides Against Boll Weevil and Tarnished Plant Bug in Cotton, 1993
Authors: Martin S. H. , Graves J. B. , White C. A. , Leonard B. R. , Clay P. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A test was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected pyrethroid insecticides against BW and TPB in irrigated cotton planted 15 Apr at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station near Winnsboro, LA. The test consisted of a RBD with 4 replications of 5 row (1.02 m centers) × 15.2 m plots. The test was treated on 2, 6, 9, 12 and 15 Jul. All treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer and CO2 charged delivery system calibrated to deliver 56.1 liters/ha at 2.8 kg/cm2 through 2, TX-8 nozzles equally spaced per row. Treatments were evaluated on 6, 9, 12, 15 and 19 Jul by visually examining 50 randomly picked squares per plot for boll weevil damage. Treatments were evaluated for tarnished plant bug control on 19 Jul with a standard 38 cm diam sweep net by counting the number of adults and nymphs in two-25 sweep samples/plot. The plots received 1.9 cm irrigation with overhead sprinklers on 14 Jul.