bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking leadership and followership styles
Authors: Malakyan Petros , Ivanova Albena 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This study proposes a theoretical model linking leadership and followership styles.

Design/methodology/approach
A new instrument was developed and tested on 271 respondents from Armenia, Denmark, Germany, and the USA. Factor analysis identified three leadership styles (autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire) and three followership styles (compliant, collaborating, initiating).

Findings
The results showed that autocratic leadership was positively associated with compliant followership, and democratic leadership was positively associated with collaborating followership. No correlation was found between laissez-faire leadership and initiating followership. However, collaborative followership was positively associated with all three leadership styles.

Originality/value
This study contributes a new theoretical model and a novel instrument for measuring the interplay between leadership and followership styles, offering fresh insights into leadership dynamics.
Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors according to programmed cell death‐ligand 1 expression in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer and brain metastasis: A real‐world prospective observational study
Authors: Masuda Takeshi , Tsubata Yukari , Hata Kojirou , Horie Mika , Kiura Katsuyuki , Kanaji Nobuhiro , Inoue Takuya , Kodani Masahiro , Yanai Masaaki , Yamaguchi Kakuhiro , Matsumoto Naoko , Yamasaki Masahiro , Ishikawa Nobuhisa , Masuda Ken , Takigawa Nagio , Kuyama Shoichi , Kubota Tetsuya , Nishii Kazuya , Hotta Katsuyuki , Hattori Noboru 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionStudies have shown the antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and brain metastases (BM). However, it is unclear whether the efficacy of ICI is similar between patients with and without BM. It is yet unclear whether the efficacy of ICI in patients with BM increases with higher levels of programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression, as observed in patients without BM.MethodsWe compared the outcomes of ICI treatment between patients with and without BM using a cohort containing 1741 prospectively enrolled patients with lung cancer. We investigated whether there were differences in the outcomes of ICI based on PD‐L1 expression levels between these patients.ResultsWe enrolled 240 patients with NSCLC with or without BM who were treated with ICI or both chemotherapy and ICI. There were no significant differences in overall survival (OS) between all patients with or without BM (p = 0.489). However, OS was significantly shorter in patients with BM than in those without in the PD‐L1 ≥ 50% group (16.5 M vs. 30.6 M, p = 0.003) but not in the PD‐L1 ≥ 1% or negative group. BM was an independent poor prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio: [95% confidence interval], 2.045; [1.058–3.953], p = 0.033) in the PD‐L1 ≥ 50% group.ConclusionOur study indicated that the outcomes of patients with or without BM treated with ICI were not significantly different. The efficacy of ICI in patients with PD‐L1 expression ≥50% would be lower in patients with BM than in those without.
Most babies born at a French hospital before 26 weeks survived with good outcomes
Authors: Abello Heloise , Vincent Marine , Pradat Pierre , Pastor‐Diez Blandine , Hays Stephane , Picaud Jean‐Charles 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this French study was to determine the neonatal morbidity, mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes when infants born at the limit of viability reached 2 years of corrected age. We then compared the results with national and international cohorts.MethodsThis study focused on 294 French infants born from 22 to 25 weeks of gestation in a single tertiary perinatal centre from January 2010 to December 2019. We used data on neonatal mortality and morbidity to calculate the survival rates of infants without moderate to severe neurodevelopmental and sensory deficits at 2 years of corrected age. These outcomes were compared with data from contemporary epidemiological studies of similar populations.ResultsNearly two‐thirds (60.5%) of the infants survived to discharge, with varying rates based on their gestational ages, and 57.3% had no severe neonatal morbidity. The vast majority (90.4%) of the 166 alive and available at 2 years of corrected age were free of moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment. Our survival rates exceeded a national French cohort study, but were closely aligned with international cohorts.ConclusionThese findings highlight the importance of incorporating local data into ethical decision‐making about life‐saving treatment for infants at the limit of viability.
Move, connect and go outside! A randomized controlled trial of two online interventions and analysis of helpful coping strategies in COVID‐19 “homestayers”
Authors: Ehlis Ann‐Christine , Aas Benjamin , Kieckhäfer Carolin , Schiepek Günter , Rosenbaum David , Theisen Christian , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Goldbeck Florens 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has led to a global health crisis and a significant increase in psychological distress and psychopathological symptoms. We conducted a randomized controlled trial with two online interventions derived from positive psychology (PP) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in N = 138 “homestayers” during the first lock‐down period in Germany. PP exercises had a positive impact on anxiety scores, which decreased significantly during the intervention, particularly in participants without access to a garden. Direct or indirect social contact, movement/exercise, and exposure to nature were the most frequently reported helpful coping strategies. We conclude that low‐threshold online interventions with a focus on positive aspects of people's lives may be helpful to support mental health during pandemic crises. From a mental health perspective, the results also reinforce the approach of countries that allow their citizens to, for example, still go for walks during periods of contact restrictions, compared to full lock‐down conditions.
Enhancing student experience and learning with iterative design in an intelligent educational game
Authors: Hare Ryan , Ferguson Sarah , Tang Ying 
Published: October 2024

With increasing interest in computer‐assisted educa‐ tion, AI‐integrated systems become highly applicable with their ability to adapt based on user interactions. In this context, this paper focuses on understanding and analysing first‐year undergraduate student responses to an intelligent educational system that applies multi‐agent reinforcement learning as an AI tutor. With human–computer interaction at the centre, we discuss principles of interface design and educational gamification in the context of multiple years of student observations, student feedback surveys and focus group interviews. We show positive feedback from the design methodology we discuss as well as the overall process of providing automated tutoring in a gamified virtual environment. We also discuss students' thinking in the context of gamified educational systems, as well as unexpected issues that may arise when implementing such systems. Ultimately, our design iterations and analysis both offer new insights for practical implementation of computer‐assisted educational systems, focusing on how AI can augment, rather than replace, human intelligence in the classroom.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

AI‐integrated systems show promise for personalizing learning and improving student education.
Existing research has shown the value of personalized learner feedback.
Engaged students learn more effectively.
What this paper adds

Student opinions of and responses to an HCI‐based personalized educational system.
New insights for practical implementation of AI‐integrated educational systems informed by years of student observations and system improvements.
Qualitative insights into system design to improve human–computer interaction in educational systems.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Actionable design principles for computer‐assisted tutoring systems derived from first‐hand student feedback and observations.
Encourage new directions for human–computer interaction in educational systems.
Unerosion: Simulating Terrain Evolution Back in Time
Authors: Yang Zhanyu , Cordonnier Guillaume , Cani Marie‐Paule , Perrenoud Christian , Benes Bedrich 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile the past of terrain cannot be known precisely because an effect can result from many different causes, exploring these possible pasts opens the way to numerous applications ranging from movies and games to paleogeography. We introduce unerosion, an attempt to recover plausible past topographies from an input terrain represented as a height field. Our solution relies on novel algorithms for the backward simulation of different processes: fluvial erosion, sedimentation, and thermal erosion. This is achieved by re‐formulating the equations of erosion and sedimentation so that they can be simulated back in time. These algorithms can be combined to account for a succession of climate changes backward in time, while the possible ambiguities provide editing options to the user. Results show that our solution can approximately reverse different types of erosion while enabling users to explore a variety of alternative pasts. Using a chronology of climatic periods to inform us about the main erosion phenomena, we also went back in time using real measured terrain data. We checked the consistency with geological findings, namely the height of river beds hundreds of thousands of years ago.
Curved Three‐Director Cosserat Shells with Strong Coupling
Authors: Löschner F. , Fernández‐Fernández J. A. , Jeske S. R. , Bender J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractContinuum‐based shell models are an established approach for the simulation of thin deformables in computer graphics. However, existing research in physically‐based animation is mostly focused on shear‐rigid Kirchhoff‐Love shells. In this work we explore three‐director Cosserat (micropolar) shells which introduce additional rotational degrees of freedom. This microrotation field models transverse shearing and in‐plane drilling rotations. We propose an incremental potential formulation of the Cosserat shell dynamics which allows for strong coupling with frictional contact and other physical systems. We evaluate a corresponding finite element discretization for non‐planar shells using second‐order elements which alleviates shear‐locking and permits simulation of curved geometries. Our formulation and the discretization, in particular of the rotational degrees of freedom, is designed to integrate well with typical simulation approaches in physically‐based animation. While the discretization of the rotations requires some care, we demonstrate that they do not pose significant numerical challenges in Newton's method. In our experiments we also show that the codimensional shell model is consistent with the respective three‐dimensional model. We qualitatively compare our formulation with Kirchhoff‐Love shells and demonstrate intriguing use cases for the additional modes of control over dynamic deformations offered by the Cosserat model such as directly prescribing rotations or angular velocities and influencing the shell's curvature.
A Multi‐layer Solver for XPBD
Authors: Mercier‐Aubin A. , Kry P. G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present a novel multi‐layer method for extended position‐based dynamics that exploits a sequence of reduced models consisting of rigid and elastic parts to speed up convergence. Taking inspiration from concepts like adaptive rigidification and long‐range constraints, we automatically generate different rigid bodies at each layer based on the current strain rate. During the solve, the rigid bodies provide coupling between progressively less distant vertices during layer iterations, and therefore the fully elastic iterations at the final layer start from a lower residual error. Our layered approach likewise helps with the treatment of contact, where the mixed solves of both rigid and elastic in the layers permit fast propagation of impacts. We show several experiments that guide the selection of parameters of the solver, including the number of layers, the iterations per layers, as well as the choice of rigid patterns. Overall, our results show lower compute times for achieving a desired residual reduction across a variety of simulation models and scenarios.
Attitudes towards causes of and solutions to conflict between humans and Asian elephants
Authors: Cabral de Mel Surendranie J. , Seneweera Saman , Dangolla Ashoka , Weerakoon Devaka K. , King Rachel , Maraseni Tek , Allen Benjamin L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany Asian elephant populations inhabit fragmented human‐dominated landscapes. Human–elephant conflict (HEC) has intensified in such regions, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of people and elephants each year. Controversy between stakeholders then arises as people debate the merits of HEC mitigation approaches, stifling progress. We conducted a survey to evaluate the opinions of experts, farmers and others who have and have not experienced HEC (n = 611), on the causes of HEC, the importance of, conservation of and co‐existence with elephants, and on the acceptability and effectiveness of potential HEC mitigation methods. Analysis of variance and the Potential for Conflict Index showed that all groups agreed with nine of the 10 causes of HEC assessed, on average. All respondent groups had mostly positive attitudes towards the importance and conservation of elephants. However, farmers exposed to HEC disagreed that people should co‐exist with elephants and supported the view that elephants should be removed from human habitats. All groups agreed on the acceptability and effectiveness of electric fencing, early warning systems with infrasonic call detectors, Global Positioning System collars and geophones. However, there was disparity in views between the experts and other stakeholder groups on the acceptability and effectiveness of restricting elephants to protected areas, and translocation of problem elephants to protected areas away from their capture site or to wild elephant holding grounds. While similar views between stakeholders on many subjects are encouraging for elephant conservation, the disparities identified should be given greater attention when planning HEC management programs to minimize conflict between stakeholders.
Unmasking Moral Hypocrisy: How Preschoolers Perceive and Judge Moral Hypocrites
Authors: Myślińska Szarek Katarzyna , Baryła Wiesław 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMany previous studies indicate that children are highly sensitive to the immoral behavior of others, preferring prosocial over antisocial characters. Accordingly, children avoid transgressors from a very early age. A special kind of transgressor is the moral hypocrite, who not only acts immorally but also acts in contrast to what they preach. There are very few studies establishing whether children recognize moral hypocrisy and if it impacts their moral judgment. We ran three studies with preschoolers aged 4 to 6 years on whether children recognize moral hypocrisy and how children assess moral hypocrisy. In Studies 2 and 3, we also tested false‐signaling theory as an explanation of the more negative assessments of moral hypocrites. In Study 1 (N = 133), we showed that children indeed assess moral hypocrites more negatively than nonhypocritical moral transgressors. In Study 2 (N = 115), we initially demonstrated that the assessment of moral hypocrites results from their inconsistency between words and deeds. Study 3 (N = 159) replicated the results of Studies 1 and 2 and, by excluding an alternative explanation, explained that moral hypocrites are perceived as less moral and liked less due to the false signals that they send.
Current management of chronic kidney disease in type‐2 diabetes—A tiered approach: An overview of the joint Association of British Clinical Diabetologists and UK Kidney Association (ABCD‐UKKA) guidelines
Authors: Dasgupta Indranil , Zac‐Varghese Sagen , Chaudhry Khuram , McCafferty Kieran , Winocour Peter , Chowdhury Tahseen A. , Bellary Srikanth , Goldet Gabrielle , Wahba Mona , De Parijat , Frankel Andrew H. , Montero Rosa M. , Lioudaki Eirini , Banerjee Debasish , Mallik Ritwika , Sharif Adnan , Kanumilli Naresh , Milne Nicola , Patel Dipesh C. , Dhatariya Ketan , Bain Stephen C. , Karalliedde Janaka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA growing and significant number of people with diabetes develop chronic kidney disease (CKD). Diabetes‐related CKD is a leading cause of end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) and people with diabetes and CKD have high morbidity and mortality, predominantly related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite advances in care over the recent decades, most people with CKD and type 2 diabetes are likely to die of CVD before developing ESKD. Hyperglycaemia and hypertension are modifiable risk factors to prevent onset and progression of CKD and related CVD. People with type 2 diabetes often have dyslipidaemia and CKD per se is an independent risk factor for CVD, therefore people with CKD and type 2 diabetes require intensive lipid lowering to reduce burden of CVD. Recent clinical trials of people with type 2 diabetes and CKD have demonstrated a reduction in composite kidney end point events (significant decline in kidney function, need for kidney replacement therapy and kidney death) with sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors, non‐steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone and glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists. The Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) and UK Kidney Association (UKKA) Diabetic Kidney Disease Clinical Speciality Group have previously undertaken a narrative review and critical appraisal of the available evidence to inform clinical practice guidelines for the management of hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and hypertension in adults with type 2 diabetes and CKD. This 2024 abbreviated updated guidance summarises the recommendations and the implications for clinical practice for healthcare professionals who treat people with diabetes and CKD in primary, community and secondary care settings.
“In Their Own Words”: Families' Experiences With Tooth Autotransplantation for the Replacement of Maxillary Incisors in Children
Authors: Williams Beatrice O. , Jean‐Baptiste Milenka , Divaris Kimon , Moretti Antonio , De Kok Ingeborg , Christensen John R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo examine families’ experiences, including motivation and barriers to undergoing tooth autotransplantation (AT), and their perceptions of associated esthetic and functional outcomes.MethodsSemi‐structured, in‐depth‐interviews (IDIs) were conducted in person with families who had children that underwent the AT procedure. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were coded and thematically analyzed both deductively and inductively. A facilitators and barriers matrix and journey maps were created to draw inferences on patterns arising from main themes.ResultsTwenty families selecting AT as a solution for a missing maxillary incisor were recruited and interviewed. Overall, all families interviewed had a positive experience with the AT procedure. Motivating factors for undergoing the AT procedure included wanting an earlier intervention for the missing incisor, wishing to mitigate negative psychosocial effects, and the anticipated positive outcomes that would last into adulthood. Barriers to uptake of the AT procedure included the lack of dental practitioner awareness of AT as a potential solution and a large number of appointments and travel. Families were also initially concerned over potential complications that could arise from their child undergoing this procedure. The cost of the procedure was both a barrier and a facilitator for treatment.ConclusionsThe study results demonstrate that the overall AT is favorably considered by the families of growing children for the replacement of maxillary incisors and highlight factors that may act as motivators or barriers to its uptake.
Tunisian Adolescents at CHR for Psychosis: A Pilot Study of Cognitive Remediation in a LMIC
Authors: Abbes Zeineb , Taleb Sana , Yahia Houda Ben , Hmidi Hajer , Hajri Melek , Jelili Selima , Halayem Soumeya , Mrabet Ali , Ventura Joseph , Bouden Asma 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundClinical high risk (CHR) youth are known to exhibit cognitive deficits at similar levels to their more severally ill counter parts. Cognitive training (CT) programs offer a promising method for early intervention and the prevention of further cognitive decline in this vulnerable population. However, there are few structured CT intervention programs addressing the needs of CHR youth in LMICs of the Middle East.MethodsWe conducted a study in the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department of Razi University Hospital. Patients were assessed by trained raters with the “Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States” to confirm their CHR status. Cognitive Training (CT) was combined with the Neuropsychological Educational Approach to Remediation (CT‐NEAR) as part of a social rehabilitation program. We enrolled 25 CHR patients and examined several domains of cognitive functioning and evaluated daily functioning prior to starting the intervention and after completion.ResultsThere were 20 patients who completed the study. The CT‐NEAR group (n = 10) completed an average number 28.33 sessions over 12 weeks, which were matched for therapist time with the TAU group (n = 10). We found statistically significant improvements in CT‐NEAR versus TAU in several cognitive domains; such as cognitive flexibility, memory‐short and long‐term, and verbal fluency. Also, CT‐NEAR versus TAU patients improved in global functioning.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that cognitive remediation versus TAU for Tunisian CHR youth is feasible and effective especially in improving cognitive functioning when delivered in a social rehabilitation context (Bridging Group) and extends to global level of functioning.
Taxonomic revision of the extant species of the Japanese Stephanidae (Hymenoptera), with discussion on distribution pattern and conservation importance
Authors: Watanabe Kyohei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Japanese species of the family Stephanidae Leach, 1815 are revised. A total of nine extant species are recognized from Japan, including two new species, Megischus pretiosus sp. nov. and Parastephanellus ryukyuensis sp. nov., and one species, Foenatopus ruficollis (Enderlein, 1913), is newly recorded from Japan. The female of Foenatopus cervinus Townes, 1958 and the male of Megischus baogong Ge & Tan, 2022 are newly described. A key to the Japanese genera and species of this family is proposed. The biogeographic pattern and the origin of Japanese stephanids, the role of Kuroshio Current, and the conservation importance of endemic species to the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands are also discussed.