bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients taking Janus kinase inhibitors for inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Chuen-Huei , Hou Wen-Hsuan , Lin Pi-Chu , Kang Yi-No , Liu Wei-Ting , Chen Su-Ru 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are promising for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), but their long-term safety, including risks of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), is uncertain.

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the risk of NMSC in patients taking JAK inhibitors for IBDs during the induction trial, maintenance trial, and long-term extension (LTE) of treatment.

Methods:
We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases to identify studies reporting NMSC with the use of JAK inhibitors.

Results:
In total, we retained 22 references that included 31 trials for a qualitative systematic review and 28 trials for a quantitative meta-analysis. Average risk differences were < 0.0001 (P = 0.980) in induction trials, 0.002 (P = 0.546) in maintenance trials, and 0.019 (P = 0.012) in LTE trials. Subgroup analyses showed that there were no significant differences between generic drugs, trial phases, ages, or genders.

Conclusion:
In patients with an IBD, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk probability of NMSC occurrence whether or not JAK inhibitors were used, regardless of the follow-up period during induction and maintenance studies. Furthermore, the overall estimated NMSC incidence rate was significantly higher than the reference incidence. Although large heterogeneity among trials, both gastroenterologists and dermatologists still should be cautious of appropriate skin screening for IBD patients using JAK inhibitors.
The Caring Process in Patients with Covid-19: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Sayadi Leila , Karami Fatemeh , Rozveh Ali Karimi , Karamad Sara Pakzad 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The care process involves essential tasks of assisting, supporting, and facilitating nursing activities to meet the comprehensive needs of patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global infectious disease that has caused a pandemic. Nurses play a crucial role in caring for and treating patients with COVID-19. This study aims to explain the care process in patients with COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
A qualitative study using the grounded theory method was conducted from 2021 to 2022. Eleven nurses providing care to hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were purposively selected from the COVID wards of Shariati Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected through in-depth semistructured interviews and observation. Data analysis was conducted using the approach developed by Corbin and Strauss (2008).

Results:
The data analysis phase identified a main theme of “protection and support in the shadow of uncertainty” along with five main categories and ten subcategories. The main categories included “encountering life-threatening crisis”, “maintaining safety”, “improving the patient’s physical health”, “encouraging”, and “feeling satisfied despite the burden of care”.

Conclusions:
Nurses aimed to improve the physical and psychological conditions of patients with COVID-19 by implementing a comprehensive care plan. The five main categories identified can be considered the primary approach to nursing care in the COVID-19 crisis. Additionally, the nurses’ experiences can help establish the necessary infrastructure for care and education during other potential health crises.
Incivility in Nursing Education: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Abedini Zahra , Hashemi Sima , Tehrani Fereshteh Javaheri , Eskandari Narges , Saeedi Maryam 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Incivility in nursing education is a complex concept that is not exactly defined in nursing. The purpose of this study was to clarify the concept of incivility in nursing education in the Iranian cultural context.

Materials and Methods:
Concept analysis was performed based on hybrid model in three steps. In the theoretical phase, a review of studies was conducted from 2000 to 2020. During the fieldwork, 7 nursing faculty members and 9 nursing students were interviewed. The third phase included the comparison of the themes that were extracted from the two previous phases.

Results:
From the 1250 titles, 45 articles were analyzed. Review of literature showed that incivility has several attributes: unconventional communication, irresponsible and disrespectful behavior. The fieldwork phase added unmanaged behavior and being contrary to academic goal.

Conclusions:
Defining the concept of incivility in nursing education refers to an unconventional, disrespectful, unmanaged behavior that is contrary to the academic goal of nursing education and results from individual differences, stress, improper application of technology, and inappropriate role models which, by creating an unsafe learning condition leads to harming the individual, organization and profession. Here, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the incivility in nursing education that can be used in instrumentation, model building, and development of theory.
Efficacy of the Simulation-Based Education Approach Enhanced by Music on Anxiety, Physical Activity, and Respiratory Outcomes in Patients under Open Heart Surgery: A Randomized Three-Group Clinical Study
Authors: Salehi Mansour , Froutan Razieh , Mazlom Seyed Reza 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Many patients with advanced cardiovascular disease need Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery, indicating the importance of cardiac rehabilitation. Our study explored the combined efficacy of simulation (using demonstration and return-demonstration approach) with music on post-Open Heart Surgery (OHS) outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
This randomized, controlled trial was conducted at Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, on 90 patients awaiting OHS. The participants were allocated to 3 groups: education via simulation, education via simulation enhanced by instrumental music, and conventional instruction. Evaluations were performed pre-education and 2-days post-surgery using the activity measure for post-acute care (AM-PAC) “6-Clicks” Questionnaire, 18-item Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) index, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). JASP software (JASP Team, 2023, Version 0.17.3) was employed for statistical analyses, using RM-ANOVA and ANCOVA test.

Results:
The results revealed a significant effect in immediate post-intervention and 2-day follow-up periods across all outcome measures (all p < 0.05), except for activity. Post hoc tests demonstrated substantial variations in effect sizes between intervention and control groups. Both intervention groups had significantly greater impact than the control group, particularly the composite group, showing heightened effects in state and trait anxiety and respiratory scores (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The combined use of the simulation with rhythmic music in phase one cardiac rehabilitation notably improved post-surgical outcomes, outperforming the method without music. This approach shows promise as an effective instructional strategy in cardiac rehabilitation stages.
Morphometric analysis of posterior cranial fossa and surgical implications
Authors: Oberman Dan Zimelewicz , Baldoncini Matias , Rabelo Nicollas Nunes , Ajler Pablo 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Posterior cranial fossa (PCF) is an important area in terms of anatomy and surgery. It is a common site of many neoplastic, vascular, and degenerative lesions. Craniovertebral surgeries require special attention regarding detailed information about the morphology and morphometry of this region. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphometric characteristics of PCF and distances between the inner base of the skull.

Materials and Methods:
An observational, retrospective cross-sectional study was made. Fifty-five dry human skulls of unknown sex were measured ascertained using digital Vernier caliper with 0.01 mm precision.

Results:
The morphometric analysis of the mean length and width of the FM was 34.51 mm and 29.85 mm, respectively. We found a significant difference (P < 0.05) among the distance between the posterior tip of occipital condyle and basion of the right and left sides.

Conclusion:
According to our observations, the present study yielded detailed morphometry of the PCF and neurovascular relationship. It can facilitate successful instrumentation and minimize neurovascular injuries. Furthermore, it provides safe and suitable data for guiding neurosurgical procedures. The major limitation of this study was the lack of knowledge regarding the age and gender of the participants whose skull base was studied.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Improved Healing of a Rabbit Model of Corneal Alkali Burn: A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Elyan Maryam S. , Nada Hoda F. , Hamam Ghada Galal , Bayomi Noha S. E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Corneal alkali burns represent a potentially blinding ocular injury that requires immediate treatment. Exosomes are cell-free therapies used to treat corneal alkali burns.

Aim:
We aimed to examine the possible role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes on the healing of induced corneal alkali burn in adult male rabbits by histological and immunohistochemical techniques.

Materials and Methods:
Forty adult male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into group I (control); group II (alkali burn), which was left for spontaneous healing; and group III (exosomes treated): rabbits were given a subconjunctival injection of 100 µg of purified MSC-exosomes after 1 h from corneal alkali burn induction. The injection of exosomes was repeated every other day. All groups were subdivided into two subgroups: subgroups a and b, where corneal specimens were collected after 7 and 14 days, respectively. Characterization of exosomes was performed using transmission electron microscopy. A gross examination of the cornea was performed on days 1, 7, and 14. Corneas were collected and then subjected to proper histological techniques (hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff’s base, Masson’s trichrome stains, transforming growth factor-beta, and vascular endothelial growth factor). Histomorphometric study and statistical analysis were carried out.

Results:
MSC-derived exosomes in group III improved the healing of corneal alkali burn by inhibiting angiogenesis and inflammation, enhancing corneal reepithelization, providing better organization of newly formed stromal collagen fibers, and proper healing of Descemet’s membrane as well as decreasing expression of transforming growth factor-β.

Conclusion:
Early and repeated subconjunctival injection of MSC-derived exosomes is effective in healing corneal alkali burns in adult rabbits.
Bony Acetabular Reconstruction in Total Hip Arthroplasty – Our Experience
Authors: Patel Dipesh Kumar , Haque Md. Mohtashemul , Afsal C. H. Mohamed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Most of the revision hip arthroplasties have some sort of acetabular bone defects. These defects are usually managed with some sort of metal augments. These metal augments might make the bone weaker and fragile and revisions may become difficult.

Aim of Study:
This study aimed to study the outcome of various types of acetabular defects managed with bone grafts.

Materials and Methods:
Ten patients with acetabular defects requiring separate management planning (Paprosky classification of acetabular defect) for total hip arthroplasty from May 2020 to May 2021 were selected and followed for further 2 years.

Results:
Acetabular defect was classified preoperatively with three-dimensional computed tomography scan. In all the cases, the bone graft healed radiographically with no signs of loosening of the acetabular cup.

Conclusion:
Conservative acetabular revision (reconstruction of the bone defect with bone graft) is the need of the hour. Reconstruction by bone graft has a smooth learning curve.
Study to Analyze the Efficacy of Injection of Autologous Platelet-rich Plasma in the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Ramachandran Kiriprasad , Kuppan Naveenkumar , Joseph Probin , Kumarasamy Manikandan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context:
Plantar fasciitis is one of the most typical causes of heel pain, affecting approximately 10% of the general population. Standard treatment for plantar fasciitis is conservative; however, approximately 10% of patients fail to respond. The rationale for using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is to increase tendon regenerative abilities with a high content of cytokines and cells in hyperphysiologic doses, which should promote cellular chemotaxis, matrix synthesis, and proliferation.

Aims:
Our study aims to analyze the efficacy of the injection of autologous PRP in the treatment of plantar fasciitis.

Settings and Design:
This study was conducted on patients attending the orthopedics outpatient department, diagnosed with plantar fasciitis satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria. This is a hospital-based pre- and postinterventional study.

Materials and Methods:
Under aseptic precautions, 2–3 ml of activated autologous PRP will be injected using a 22-gauge needle at the point of maximum tenderness. After the injection, the patient will be followed up regularly at 1 week, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data will be entered in Epi Info version 7.2.2.16 software and analyzed using (SPSS) Software Version 24.0.

Results:
The majority of the study participants were in the age group of 35–39 years. The mean Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score preinjection was 6.94 ± 0.96, at 1 week 6.48 ± 0.89, at 6 weeks 3.73 ± 0.88, at 12 weeks 0.85 ± 1.61, and 24 weeks 0.27 ± 0.49. Mean roles and Maudsley score preinjection was 3.38 ± 0.63, at 1 week 3.37 ± 0.63, at 6 weeks 1.25 ± 0.52, at 12 weeks 1.00 ± 0.00, and at 24 weeks 1.00 ± 0.00. AOFAS score at preinjection was 48.77 ± 3.29, at 1 week 50.54 ± 3.24, at 6 weeks 77.04 ± 11.46, at 12 weeks 96.31 ± 6.93, and 24 weeks 98.69 ± 2.52.

Conclusion:
A single PRP injection in chronic plantar fasciitis improved VAS scores and AOFAS scores for heel pain and functional outcomes in a clinically and statistically significant way.
Wrapped Up in Rarity: A Case of Pathologic Fracture-associated Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma
Authors: Kaur Mansimran , Sharma Neha , Singh Karamjit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Telangiectatic osteosarcoma (TO) is one of the rare subtypes of osteosarcoma. As radiographic findings of TO are often confused with aneurysmal bone cysts, early tissue biopsy should be encouraged for diagnostic purposes. We report an original case of TO in a 28-year-old female presenting with severe pain and slight inability to bear weight on the right lower limb followed by a pathological fracture at the proximal right femur. It highlights the diagnostic and histopathological features of TO and discusses differential diagnostic considerations, treatment, and prognostic implications. The case was treated with hip disarticulation surgery along with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Versus Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Fracture Neck of Femur in Geriatric Patients: Comparative Functional Outcomes Study
Authors: Bajoria Rajveer Singh , Jamre Yogeshwar , Priyadarshi Swapnil , Gupta Vivek Kumar , Ajmeriya Rohit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context:
The femoral neck fracture has been a great challenge to orthopedic surgeons for a long time. Established surgical options for displaced femoral neck fracture mainly include internal fixation, hemiarthroplasty, and total hip arthroplasty (THA). The optimal treatment choice for elderly patients is still frequently debated. The answer to whether THA is better than bipolar hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures is still uncertain. In elderly patients, hemiarthroplasty is currently the most commonly chosen treatment option for displaced femoral neck fractures, but several recent studies suggest that it may not be the best treatment choice. Many patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of a displaced femoral neck fracture experience discomfort and compromised functional outcomes due to degeneration of the articulating acetabular cartilage.

Materials and Methods:
A total number of 60 patients were selected randomly. The fracture pattern included in study was a fracture neck of the femur. Selection was based on preformed inclusion and exclusion criteria. The functional outcomes and clinical results of the patients were evaluated and graded using the Harris Hip Score.

Statistical Analysis Used:
SPSS software version 22.0 was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
In our study, there were 30 (50%) patients who were treated with THA and the remaining 30 (50%) were treated with bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Out of 60 patients, 20 had Garden type III fracture, whereas 40 had Garden type IV fractures. In THA group, the average time of surgery was 94.80 min and with bipolar hemiarthroplasty, the average time of surgery was 72.20 min. Mean intraoperative blood loss in THA group was 518 ml and in the bipolar hemiarthroplasty group, it was 339 ml. In addition, THA group patients had better Harris Hip Scores when compared with the bipolar hemiarthroplasty group. The complication rates were significantly lower in the THA group.

Conclusions:
The present study showed that THA compared to bipolar hemiarthroplasty gives a better functional outcome as evaluated by Harris Hip Score at the end of 6 months but at the cost of marginally higher blood loss and longer duration of surgery. Furthermore, there is a reduced risk of complication and reoperation rate in THA group. Hence, the findings suggest that THA might be a better choice than bipolar hemiarthroplasty for treating femoral neck fractures in elderly patients preferring a more active lifestyle.
Investigation the effect of the aqueous extract of Chara vulgaris (L.) on visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Ghusoon A. A Al-Maphregy , Buthaina A. H. Al-Magdamy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground:Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease that affects public health. It is described by weight reduction, irregular fever bouts, anemia, and amplification of the spleen and liver.Materials and Methods:Three concentrations (15.6, 31.2, and 62.5 μg/mL) were used to find the potency of an aqueous extract ofChara vulgarisalgae in the treatment of VL. A cytotoxicity assay was performed to show the cytotoxic effect of this extract on human cells. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) test was done to determine the active compounds in the extract. Histopathological sections for infected liver and spleen were performed, as were liver function tests (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), which were assessed after 1 month of treatment.Results:As cytotoxicity assay, results showed that there were no significant differences between the cells treated and those not treated with the extract. HPLC test demonstrated that phenolic and terpene compounds are the main active compounds in the extract. P-coumaric acid and ursolic acid present the highest percent among other phenolic and terpene compounds (21.84%, 17.82%), respectively. Histopathological sections showed that this extract had a significant effect in the treatment of infected tissues, and this effect was very clear after the end of the treatment period. As for the liver function tests, a significant increase (P< 0.01) in the studied liver enzymes was found in the infected group of mice compared to the healthy group, whereas in the infected and treated groups, a clear and gradual decrease in the level of enzymes was observed.
Rising case-fatality rate of kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) in India: An unexpected challenge to the kala-azar elimination program?
Authors: Mayilsamy Muniaraj , Veeramanoharan Rajamannar , Rajaiah Paramasivan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The target of kala-azar elimination was initially set in 2010 and was later extended several times to finally be fixed in 2020, which also passed without success. However, in 2022, India had come very close to complete elimination by achieving a 98.7% decline in kala-azar cases. While, at the final moments of achieving the long-awaited target of elimination of kala-azar from India, the unexpected rise in the case-fatality rate from 2017 needs to be addressed.
Retraction Notice: Monitoring of operational conditions of fuel cells by using machine learning.
Authors: Shrote Andip Babanrao , Kumar K Kiran , Kaur Chamandeep , Al Ansari Mohammed Saleh , Singh Pallavi , Hazela Bramah , G C Madhu 
Published: September 2024

The article Monitoring of operational conditions of fuel cells by using machine learning has been retracted at the request of EAI's Research Integrity Committee on the grounds of plagiarism.
Contribution of Human Resources to Environmentally Friendly Entrepreneurial Models in Coastal Communities to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS)
Authors: Mochklas Mochamad , Maharani Rieska , Maretasari Rina , Panggayudi Dwi Songgo , Oktaviani Marista , Muttaqin Rizal 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To analyze in depth the influence of human resource factors on green entrepreneurial models in coastal communities and support partnerships to strengthen the means of implementation and revitalizing the global partnership for sustainable development (SDGs). So that the economic growth of coastal communities can increase by taking advantage of the opportunities offered by the blue economy through the sustainable use of marine resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and healthy marine ecosystems.

Method: This research is a quantitative analysis, where the population and sample for this research are business actors located on the Indonesian coast. A total of 500 respondents were willing to fill out the distributed questionnaire, and the data entered was processed and analyzed using Smart_PLS., where the research population is business actors on the coast of Indonesia. The data entered is processed and analyzed using Smart_PLS.

Results and Discussion: The research results show that skills, motivation, and attitudes have a significant positive effect on the green entrepreneurship model in coastal communities, while education has an insignificant negative effect on the green entrepreneurship model in coastal communities. These findings also suggest that education alone is unlikely to be enough to change the attitudes or practices of coastal communities regarding environmental sustainability and eco-friendly entrepreneurship.

Research Implications: The implication of these findings is the need for a holistic approach to supporting green entrepreneurship with a focus on developing human resources who have environmental awareness, environmentally friendly skills, motivation, and attitudes that support sustainability.