bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of self‐management programmes in diabetes management: A systematic review
Authors: Vas Aldrin , Devi Elsa Sanatombi , Vidyasagar Sudha , Acharya Raviraja , Rau Nileshwar Radhakrishna , George Anice , Jose Tessy , Nayak Baby 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes is a major noncommunicable disease, which is increasing, and approximately 415 million people are affected around the globe. Since diabetes is a lifelong disease, patients require better understanding and knowledge of the condition to become self‐reliant in making diabetes‐related decisions.AimsThis systematic review was performed to assess the effectiveness of diabetes self‐management programs in people with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was undertaken to identify all published English language articles through EBSCO discovery services in the following electronic database: Science Direct, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE, and Access Medicine. Studies were published from January 2000 to October 2015. The initial search retrieved 37 566 studies and based on the inclusion criteria, 14 studies were selected for review.ResultsOf 14 studies, most findings favoured diabetes self‐management. But the overall effectiveness of individual interventions was not conclusive. A wide variety of interventions was used including diabetes education as a major component in self‐management programs.ConclusionInterventions used varied strategies in differing composition, and further work is needed to find out the effectiveness of individual interventions.
Exploring disparities in receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy in culturally and linguistically diverse groups: an Australian centre's experience
Authors: Thai Alesha A. , Tacey Mark , Byrne Amanda , White Shane , Yoong Jaclyn 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, racial and ethnic disparities exist in treatments and outcomes for cancer patients. In Australia, there are few published data related to cancer patients from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds.AimTo explore disparities in adjuvant chemotherapy utilisation in cancer patients from CALD groups.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients who were recommended adjuvant chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer or early stage colorectal cancer between July 2011 and October 2014 was performed. Rates of adjuvant chemotherapy uptake were analysed between those who identified English as their first‐preferred language, versus those who did not, as well as between patients who were born in a country where English is the main language (non‐CALD), versus those born in a country where English is not the main language (CALD).ResultsTwo hundred and eleven patients were identified. One hundred and forty‐three (67.7%) patients had early stage breast cancer and 68 (32.2%) patients had early stage colorectal cancer. No difference was detected in the acceptance of adjuvant chemotherapy between non‐CALD (80.9%) and CALD patients (81.3%, P = 0.984) or between patients who identified English as their first‐preferred language (80.8%) and those who did not (81.8%, P = 0.870). There was no difference in the rate of chemotherapy completion, with 75.6% completion in the non‐English‐speaking group and 81.1% in the English‐speaking group (P = 0.426).ConclusionNo difference was observed in adjuvant chemotherapy utilisation in patients who identified English as their first‐preferred language compared to those who did not, as well as between non‐CALD and CALD groups. This is the first study to assess these differences in Australia.
Synthesis of ultra‐fine TaB2 nano powders by liquid phase method
Authors: Ren Xuanru , Feng Peizhong , Guo LiTong , Tao XueYu , Li Ziyu , Shi Huilun , Zhang Xiangxiang , Wang He 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUltra‐fine TaB2 powders were synthesized by a liquid phase method using tantalum ethoxide, boric acid and sucrose as the sources of tantalum, boron, and carbon. The TaB2 precursor powders is a Ta–B–C–O network system, which were heat‐treated at lower temperature (1500°C) in normal argon atmosphere to obtain the TaB2 powders. XRD confirms the presence of only hexagonal TaB2, while EDS and XPS spectrums confirm the composition and element chemical states of TaB2. The TEM images show a platelet shape of the TaB2 powder and the monocrystal SAED pattern confirms the presence of hexagonal TaB2. Particle size distribution curves show that particle size of the TaB2 powders distributes in the range of 30‐160 nm, whose mean particle size is 106 nm.
Secondary contact after divergence in allopatry explains current lack of ecogeographical isolation in two hybridizing alpine plant species
Authors: Schneeweiss Gerald M. , Winkler Manuela , Schönswetter Peter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimAllopatric speciation plays an important role in generating the high diversity of alpine biomes, but in cases of species with largely overlapping distribution, allopatric divergence is usually rather assumed than explicitly tested. The hypothesis of allopatric divergence in currently sympatric and hybridizing species is here tested using phylogeographical tools.LocationEuropean high mountain ranges (Alps, Pyrenees).MethodsWe gathered amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data and plastid DNA sequences from (1–)2–7 individuals of each of 38 populations ofAndrosace helveticaand of nine populations ofA. pubescens(Primulaceae), spanning their entire distributional areas. AFLP data were analysed with Bayesian clustering approaches, PopGraphs analysis and Bayesian tree estimation methods, the latter permitting ancestral area reconstruction including estimation of Bayes factor support for specific regions. Relationships among plastid haplotypes were inferred using statistical parsimony.ResultsAndrosace helveticaandA. pubescensoriginated in allopatry and attained their overlapping distributional areas after range expansion. Gene flow between species did occur (evidenced by haplotype sharing in areas of sympatry), but apparently was not sufficient to erode species boundaries (no signature for gene flow from AFLP data even in syntopic populations of the twoAndrosacespecies). Distributional patterns of gene pools and of plastid haplotypes suggest that the largely centrifugal pattern inA. helveticaand the unidirectional pattern of range expansion inA. pubescenswere modulated by range contractions during Pleistocene climate oscillations into peripheral and interior refugia.Main conclusionsThe hypothesis of allopatric divergence in closely related and ecologically similar species can be readily tested using ancestral area reconstruction at the intraspecific level. Phylogeographical patterns in the twoAndrosacespecies emphasize the relevance of both peripheral and interior refugia for Pleistocene range formation.
Provision of pharmaceutical care by community pharmacists across Europe: Is it developing and spreading?
Authors: Costa Filipa A. , Scullin Claire , Al‐Taani Ghaith , Hawwa Ahmed F. , Anderson Claire , Bezverhni Zinaida , Binakaj Zahida , Cordina Maria , Foulon Veerle , Garcia de Bikuña Borja , de Gier Han , Granås Anne Gerd , Grinstova Olga , Griese‐Mammen Nina , Grincevicius Jonas , Grinceviciene Svitrigaile , Kaae Susanne , Kubiliene Loreta , Mariño Eduardo L. , Martins Silvia , Modamio Pilar , Nadin Giancarlo , Nørgaard Lotte Stig , Obarcanin Emina , Tadic Ivana , Tasic Ljiljana , McElnay James C. , Hersberger Kurt E. , Westerlund Tommy 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesPharmaceutical care involves patient‐centred pharmacist activity to improve medicines management by patients. The implementation of this service in a comprehensive manner, however, requires considerable organisation and effort, and indeed, it is often not fully implemented in care settings.The main objective was to assess how pharmaceutical care provision within community pharmacy has evolved over time in Europe.MethodA cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based survey of community pharmacies, using a modified version of the Behavioural Pharmaceutical Care Scale (BPCS) was conducted in late 2012/early 2013 within 16 European countries and compared with an earlier assessment conducted in 2006.ResultsThe provision of comprehensive pharmaceutical care has slightly improved in all European countries that participated in both editions of this survey (n = 8) with progress being made particularly in Denmark and Switzerland. Moreover, there was a wider country uptake, indicating spread of the concept. However, due to a number of limitations, the results should be interpreted with caution. Using combined data from participating countries, the provision of pharmaceutical care was positively correlated with the participation of the community pharmacists in patient‐centred activities, routine use of pharmacy software with access to clinical data, participation in multidisciplinary team meetings, and having specialized education.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated a slight evolution in self‐reported provision of pharmaceutical care by community pharmacists across Europe, as measured by the BPCS. The slow progress suggests a range of barriers, which are preventing pharmacists moving beyond traditional roles. Support from professional bodies and more patient‐centred community pharmacy contracts, including remuneration for pharmaceutical care services, are likely to be required if quicker progress is to be made in the future.
Smallest detectable change and test‐retest reliability of a self‐reported outcome measure: Results of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, General Self‐Efficacy Scale, and 12‐item General Health Questionnaire
Authors: Ohno Shotaro , Takahashi Kana , Inoue Aimi , Takada Koki , Ishihara Yoshiaki , Tanigawa Masaru , Hirao Kazuki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThis study aims to examine the smallest detectable change (SDC) and test‐retest reliability of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), General Self‐Efficacy Scale (GSES), and 12‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12).MethodWe tested 154 young adults at baseline and 2 weeks later. We calculated the intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for test‐retest reliability with a two‐way random effects model for agreement. We then calculated the standard error of measurement (SEM) for agreement using the ICC formula. The SEM for agreement was used to calculate SDC values at the individual level (SDCind) and group level (SDCgroup).ResultsThe study participants included 137 young adults. The ICCs for all self‐reported outcome measurement scales exceeded 0.70. The SEM of CES‐D was 3.64, leading to an SDCind of 10.10 points and SDCgroup of 0.86 points. The SEM of GSES was 1.56, leading to an SDCind of 4.33 points and SDCgroup of 0.37 points. The SEM of GHQ‐12 with bimodal scoring was 1.47, leading to an SDCind of 4.06 points and SDCgroup of 0.35 points. The SEM of GHQ‐12 with Likert scoring was 2.44, leading to an SDCind of 6.76 points and SDCgroup of 0.58 points.ConclusionTo confirm that the change was not a result of measurement error, a score of self‐reported outcome measurement scales would need to change by an amount greater than these SDC values. This has important implications for clinicians and epidemiologists when assessing outcomes.
A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of The Effect of Low Vitamin D on Cognition
Authors: Goodwill Alicia M. , Szoeke Cassandra 
Published: July 2017

Background/ObjectiveWith an aging population and no cure for dementia on the horizon, risk factor modification prior to disease onset is an urgent health priority. Therefore, this review examined the effect of low vitamin D status or vitamin D supplementation on cognition in midlife and older adults without a diagnosis of dementia.DesignSystematic review and random effect meta‐analysis.SettingObservational (cross‐sectional and longitudinal cohort) studies comparing low and high vitamin D status and interventions comparing vitamin D supplementation with a control group were included in the review and meta‐analysis.ParticipantsStudies including adults and older adults without a dementia diagnosis were included.MeasurementsMedline (PubMed), AMED, Psych INFO, and Cochrane Central databases were searched for articles until August 2016. The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale and Physiotherapy Evidence Database assessed methodological quality of all studies.ResultsTwenty‐six observational and three intervention studies (n = 19–9,556) were included in the meta‐analysis. Low vitamin D was associated with worse cognitive performance (OR = 1.24, CI = 1.14–1.35) and cognitive decline (OR = 1.26, CI = 1.09–1.23); with cross‐sectional yielding a stronger effect compared to longitudinal studies. Vitamin D supplementation showed no significant benefit on cognition compared with control (SMD = 0.21, CI = −0.05 to 0.46).ConclusionObservational evidence demonstrates low vitamin D is related to poorer cognition; however, interventional studies are yet to show a clear benefit from vitamin D supplementation. From the evidence to date, there is likely a therapeutic age window relevant to the development of disease and therefore vitamin D therapy. Longitudinal lifespan studies are necessary to depict the optimal timing and duration in which repletion of vitamin D may protect against cognitive decline and dementia in aging, to better inform trials and practice towards a successful therapy.
Repair of damaged ligaments with tissue fixation system minisling is sufficient to cure major prolapse in all three compartments: 5‐year data
Authors: Inoue Hiromi , Kohata Yutaka , Fukuda Takanori , Monma Mika , Uzawa Yosie , Kubo Yuina , Watanabe Remi , Kusaka Takeshi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimThe ageing population in Japan brings problems of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), bladder and bowel incontinence, and fragility as regards major pelvic surgery. Existing data from tissue fixation system (TFS) surgery show high cure rates for these conditions, but long‐term data are lacking. We aimed to elucidate the usefulness of TFS by assessing 5‐year postoperative outcomes.MethodsA total of 68 patients, mean age 70 years, underwent total pelvic floor repair. Cystocele, apical prolapse, and rectocele were variously addressed by TFS repair of pubourethral, arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis, cardinal, uterosacral, and perineal body ligaments using a mean 3.2 tapes per patient (n = 216). Patients were followed up at 12 months then yearly. We included patients with third‐ or fourth‐degree uterine/vaginal prolapse (POP Quantification classification). We excluded patients with serious comorbid conditions.ResultsThe mean operating time was 88 min and the mean blood loss was 78 mL. There was minimal postoperative pain and urinary retention, as evidenced by a mean hospital stay of 0.8 days and early return to normal activities. The 5‐year cure rates for urinary stress incontinence, urgency, nocturia, and frequency were 82%, 91.7%, 58%, and 52%, respectively. The surgical cure rate for POP was 87.1% at 12 months, falling to 79.0 at 60 months. The cumulative 5‐year erosion rate was 0% and 1.7% for all ligaments except the perineal body (25.7%), reducing to 2.6% by year 5 following anchor placement into deep transversus perinei. Two cases of ileus were attributed to incorrect technique.ConclusionReinforcing up to four ligaments with the TFS was sufficient for cure of third‐ and fourth‐degree POP. The technique is minimally invasive, suitable for elderly women, and effective at 5 years for both anatomical and symptom cure.
Case of spontaneous splenic rupture caused by ectopic pregnancy in the spleen
Authors: Wu Bao‐Qiang , Zhu Feng , Jiang Yong , Sun Dong‐Lin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSplenic ectopic pregnancy refers to the implantation of the oosperm in the spleen. If not diagnosed early, the results of this phenomenon would almost certainly be splenic rupture, which is equivalent to the spontaneous rupture of the spleen. If the patient has no history of trauma, it is difficult to diagnose this condition early and an explicit diagnosis is often obtained by exploratory laparotomy. We report the case of a 27‐year‐old woman who was admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain and hemorrhagic shock. Under emergency general anesthesia, gynecologist and hepatobiliary surgeons worked together to conduct an exploratory laparotomy. It was confirmed during surgery that this was ectopic pregnancy in the spleen, which caused rupture of the spleen. Hence, splenectomy was conducted. Postoperative recovery was good.
Complete auxotrophy for unsaturated fatty acids requires deletion of two sets of genes in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Di Capua Cecilia B. , Doprado Mariana , Belardinelli Juan Manuel , Morbidoni Héctor R. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in Mycobacterium smegmatis is poorly characterized. Bioinformatic analysis revealed four putative fatty acid desaturases in its genome, one of which, MSMEG_1886, is highly homologous to desA3, the only palmitoyl/stearoyl desaturase present in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome. A MSMEG_1886 deletion mutant was partially auxotrophic for oleic acid and viable at 37°C and 25°C, although with a long lag phase in liquid medium. Fatty acid analysis suggested that MSMEG_1886 is a palmitoyl/stearoyl desaturase, as the synthesis of palmitoleic acid was abrogated, while oleic acid contents dropped by half in the mutant. Deletion of the operon MSMEG_1741‐1743 (highly homologous to a Pseudomonas aeruginosa acyl‐CoA desaturase) had little effect on growth of the parental strain; however the double mutant MSMEG_1886‐MSMEG_1741‐1743 strictly required oleic acid for growth. The ΔMSMEG_1886‐ΔMSMEG_1741 double mutant was able to grow (poorly but better than the ΔMSMEG_1886 single mutant) in solid and liquid media devoid of oleic acid, suggesting a repressor role for ΔMSMEG_1741. Fatty acid analysis of the described mutants suggested that MSMEG_1742‐43 desaturates C18:0 and C24:0 fatty acids. Thus, although the M. smegmatis desA3 homologue is the major player in unsaturated fatty acid synthesis, a second set of genes is also involved.
Pulsed‐Dye Laser Treatment of Port‐Wine Stains in Children: Useful Tips to Avoid General Anesthesia
Authors: Alegre‐Sánchez Adrián , Pérez‐García Bibiana , Boixeda Pablo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment of port‐wine stains (PWSs) in children is a common procedure performed in most laser units. Pain assessment in our younger patients is a major concern, especially in those with extensive PWSs. The use of general anesthesia (GA) results in pain‐free treatment, but its effects on the developing brain are far from totally understood. Thus we propose some tips that avoid the use of GA in most of our young patients, including the use of topical anesthetics and cooling systems, large laser spot size and high frequencies, early and frequent treatment with parents present, and the “introduction” and “pressure” techniques, among others.
Evidence that Austropuccinia psidii may complete its sexual life cycle on Myrtaceae
Authors: McTaggart A. R. , Shuey L. S. , Granados G. M. , du Plessis E. , Fraser S. , Barnes I. , Naidoo S. , Wingfield M. J. , Roux J. 
Published: July 2017

The rust fungus Austropuccinia psidii has spread globally and naturalized in areas with naïve species of Myrtaceae. Previous studies have revealed multiple strains of A. psidii within South America and two strains outside of its native range. The rust spreads by windborne mitotic urediniospores, which are the dominant spore stage. Teliospores and basidiospores of A. psidii are also formed; however, the biological role of these stages in the life cycle is unknown. Experiments presented here tested whether basidiospores of A. psidii could infect Syzygium jambos. The sori produced by infection with basidiospores were screened with five microsatellite markers to confirm whether they were a product of recombination. The findings showed that basidiospores of A. psidii could cause infection on species of Myrtaceae and the resulting sori were a product of recombination. This has important implications for programmes that breed for resistance to this aggressive pathogen in commercial eucalypt forestry.
Lasers and the treatment of periodontitis: the essence and the noise
Authors: Cobb Charles M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe dental literature contains 25 years of accumulated reports and clinical studies addressing the utility of lasers in the treatment of periodontitis, both as a monotherapy or as an adjunct to surgical and nonsurgical therapy. Yet, the evidence from the 118 human clinical studies cited in this narrative review remains conflicted and insufficient to suggest that integration of a laser in a periodontal treatment protocol will provide antimicrobial and healing outcomes superior to those achieved by traditional therapy. When viewed as a collective body of evidence, it becomes apparent that a majority of the studies are underpowered and exhibit significant heterogeneity in design. Furthermore, the collected studies report a varied choice of parameters, even within the same wavelength of laser. There is little uniformity between studies in the reporting of measured clinical parameters. Most studies reported 3‐ and/or 6‐month post‐treatment results; however, the range of time intervals includes studies reporting results from 1 week to up to 1–12 months or longer. Lastly, many studies were considered at risk for bias as a result of a lack of examiner masking and/or calibration. There is great need for well‐designed, highly controlled multicenter clinical trials that are adequately powered in terms of subject enrollment, that use similar protocols in terms of laser parameters and that report measureable outcomes in a uniform manner. Without such studies, the questions surrounding the use of lasers in the treatment of periodontal disease will persist.
Periodontal plastic surgery of gingival recessions at single and multiple teeth
Authors: Cairo Francesco 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis manuscript aims to review periodontal plastic surgery for root coverage at single and multiple gingival recessions. Techniques are assessed based on biological principles, surgical procedures, prognosticative factors and expected clinical and esthetic outcomes. The use of coronally advanced flap, laterally sliding flap, free gingival graft, the tunnel grafting technique, barrier membranes, enamel matrix derivative, collagen matrix and acellular dermal matrix are evaluated. The clinical scenario and practical implications are analyzed according to a modern evidence‐based approach.