bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of labour migration on rural household production in inland China: Do landform conditions matter?
Authors: Pan Zehan , Xu Wei , Huang Zuyu , Wang Guixin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe large‐scale rural to urban migration, generating sizable remittances, is often considered as an important means to help reduce poverty in rural China. However, penury is still stubbornly haunting the mountainous rural areas of inland China where numerous rural–urban migrants originate. Neglected in the current literature, the landform conditions are vital to explain the diverse effects of labour migration on rural household production in China. By adopting a revised simultaneous equation model, this study explores empirically how variations in regional landform conditions configure the effect of labour migration on rural household production using the data from our 2013 survey of migration intentions among rural labourers in China. The results show that remittances exert a substitution effect on agricultural production of rural households in the mountainous areas but have a promotive effect in the plain and hilly areas. Labour cutback imposes a less negative influence on agricultural production of rural households residing in the plain and hilly areas than in the mountainous areas. The effects of remittances and labour cutback on nonagricultural production of rural households are positive and negative, respectively, although these effects are insensitive to the variation in landform conditions. As a consequence, local wage level of rural households is more difficult to be improved by labour migration in the mountainous areas. Therefore, it is likely to lead to excessive labour migration and poverty trap.
Effects of female commuting on partnership stability in suburban and other residential regions
Authors: Kley Stefanie A. , Feldhaus Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLong‐distance commuting between home and the place of work is a means to combine both labour market participation and staying embedded in family and local social networks. But commuters often report high stress levels due to their commute and negative outcomes on their family life. Recent findings suggest that long commutes are harmful for partnership stability, especially if women commute. This contribution analyses the questions whether these findings can be replicated with a representative cohort panel study from Germany (pairfam), whether the expected negative outcome of female commuting is robust against partnership quality and labour division, and whether the risk of separation varies systematically across urban, suburban, and rural areas. Discrete event history models are applied to estimate the risk of separation for about 2,500 couples over 3 years (N = 49,408 person‐months). The findings indicate that women's long commuting is normally harmful for partnership stability but with one important exception: not if the couple lives in a suburban area. The article discusses whether the spatial variation in the influence of female commuting might be due to self‐selection processes in the course of family formation.
Identification of a Triterpenoid as a Novel PPARγ Activator Derived from Formosan Plants
Authors: Weng Jing‐Ru , Bai Li‐Yuan , Lin Wei‐Yu 
Published: August 2017

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), one of the transcription factors that regulate lipid metabolism and energy use in tumor cells, is a viable target for cancer therapy. In our search for potential PPARγ activator, extracts from five Formosan plants were tested. Among them, Momordica charantia L. showed the highest ability to activate PPARγ, which led us to identify its potential constituents. Among the seven compounds isolated from M. charantia, a triterpenoid, 5β,19‐epoxy‐19‐methoxycucurbita‐6,23‐dien‐3β,25‐diol (compound 1), was identified as a PPARγ activator with an IC50 of 10 μM in breast cancer MCF‐7 cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that compound 1 induced G1 cell cycle arrest which might be attributable to the modulation of phosphorylation and expression of numerous key signaling effectors, including cyclin D1, CDK6, and p53. Notably, compound 1 downregulated the expression of histone deacetylase 1, leading to increased histone H3 acetylation. Taken together, these findings suggest that compound 1 may have therapeutic applications in cancer treatment through PPARγ activation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable isotope discrimination factors and between‐tissue isotope comparisons for bone and skin from captive and wild green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas)
Authors: Turner Tomaszewicz Calandra N. , Seminoff Jeffrey A. , Price Mike , Kurle Carolyn M. 
Published: August 2017

RationaleThe ecological application of stable isotope analysis (SIA) relies on taxa‐ and tissue‐specific stable carbon (Δ13C) and nitrogen (Δ15N) isotope discrimination factors, determined with captive animals reared on known diets for sufficient time to reflect dietary isotope ratios. However, captive studies often prohibit lethal sampling, are difficult with endangered species, and reflect conditions not experienced in the wild.MethodsWe overcame these constraints and determined the Δ13C and Δ15N values for skin and cortical bone from green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) that died in captivity and evaluated the utility of a mathematical approach to predict discrimination factors. Using stable carbon (δ13C values) and nitrogen (δ15N values) isotope ratios from captive and wild turtles, we established relationships between bone stable isotope (SI) ratios and those from skin, a non‐lethally sampled tissue, to facilitate comparisons of SI ratios among studies using multiple tissues.ResultsThe mean (±SD) Δ13C and Δ15N values (‰) between skin and bone from captive turtles and their diet (non‐lipid‐extracted) were 2.3 ± 0.3 and 4.1 ± 0.4 and 2.1 ± 0.6 and 5.1 ± 1.1, respectively. The mathematically predicted Δ13C and Δ15N values were similar (to within 1‰) to the experimentally derived values. The mean δ15N values from bone were higher than those from skin for captive (+1.0 ± 0.9‰) and wild (+0.8 ± 1.0‰) turtles; the mean δ13C values from bone were lower than those from skin for wild turtles (−0.6 ± 0.9‰), but the same as for captive turtles. We used linear regression equations to describe bone vs skin relationships and create bone‐to‐skin isotope conversion equations.ConclusionsFor sea turtles, we provide the first (a) bone‐diet SI discrimination factors, (b) comparison of SI ratios from individual‐specific bone and skin, and (c) evaluation of the application of a mathematical approach to predict stable isotope discrimination factors. Our approach opens the door for future studies comparing different tissues, and relating SI ratios of captive to wild animals.
Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry based detection and semi‐quantitative analysis of INSL5 in human and murine tissues
Authors: Kay R.G. , Galvin S. , Larraufie P. , Reimann F. , Gribble F.M. 
Published: August 2017

RationaleInsulin‐like peptide 5 (INSL5) is a hormone produced by enteroendocrine L‐cells in the colon that has recently been implicated in the control of metabolic homeostasis. However, research into its physiology has been hindered by the reported unreliability of commercially available immunoassays and additional detection assays would benefit this emerging field.MethodsPeptides from purified murine L‐cells and homogenates from both human and mouse colonic tissues were extracted by precipitating larger proteins with acetonitrile. Untargeted liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analyses, followed by database searching, were used to detect and identify various INSL5 gene derived peptides and characterise their precise sequence. A similar approach was developed to quantify INSL5 levels in primary intestinal culture supernatants after purification and concentration by solid‐phase extraction.ResultsMass spectral analysis of purified enteroendocrine cells and tissue homogenates identified the exact sequence of A and B chains of INSL5 endogenously expressed in L‐cells. Differences in the endogenously processed peptide and the Swissprot database entry were observed for murine INSL5, whereas the human sequence matched previous predictions from heterologous expression experiments. INSL5 was detected in the supernatant of human and mouse primary colonic cultures and concentrations increased after treatment with a known L‐cell stimulus.ConclusionsThe first LC/MS/MS‐based method capable of the detection and semi‐quantitative analysis of endogenous INSL5 using MS‐based techniques has been demonstrated. The methodology will enable the identification of stimulants for INSL5 secretion from murine and human primary colonic epithelial cultures.
Guaranteed systematic simulation of discrete‐time systems defined by polynomial expressions via convex relaxations
Authors: Massioni Paolo , Scorletti Gérard 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis paper concerns the simulation of a class of nonlinear discrete‐time systems under a set of initial conditions described by a bounding ellipsoid. We derive a procedure allowing the propagation of such ellipsoids through time, which makes it possible to set a guaranteed hard bound on the evolution of the state of the system for all the possible initial conditions. Two versions of this procedure are given, the second of which is slightly less general but less computationally demanding. At the end of this paper, we first show an application of the method in the domain of aerospace engineering. Subsequently, three academic examples of applications are presented, two of which come from the theory of fractals.
Effect of morphologic and hydraulic factors on hysteresis of sediment transport rates in alluvial streams
Authors: Gunsolus Etta Haley , Binns Andrew D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUnsteady flow events, such as those caused by extreme precipitation events or reservoir flushing, can result in hysteresis of sediment transport rates in alluvial streams. Over the past 20 years, several experimental studies have been conducted that monitored sediment transport rates in response to unsteady flow event hydrographs. Previous literature has identified numerous morphological and hydraulic factors, including sediment composition, sediment supply, hydrograph characteristics, bed morphology, and mode of sediment transport, that affect hysteresis of sediment transport rates. This manuscript reviews and evaluates the degree of influence of these factors on hysteresis in order to develop a comprehensive understanding of the dominant factors responsible for this phenomenon. This systematic evaluation suggests that the mode of sediment transport and sediment composition are the most dominant factors influencing the resulting type of hysteresis. Further research is required to investigate the effect of other factors, such as non‐uniform stream bed composition and planform geometry, and develop predictive models to assess the sediment transport response to unsteady flow events.
Implementation and experimentation of network coding in DVB‐S2/RCS2 systems
Authors: Erl Stefan , de Cola Tomaso 
Published: August 2017

SummaryApplicability of network coding (NC) to satellite networks and related advantages has been long addressed and thoroughly analyzed by the scientific community in the last years, through theoretical approaches and simulations campaigns. Despite the great effort devoted to such analysis, few insights have been actually given to the NC implementation in real satellite systems and to the related validation. In particular, no recommendations on how to implement exemplary NC solutions in the widespread DVB‐S2/RCS2 system architecture have been given. In the attempt to bridge this gap, the present paper extends the DVB‐S2/RCS2 architecture so as to implement NC functions, operating between network and datalink layers. The study is corroborated by the implementation of the proposed protocol stack in a testbed closely reproducing a real system architecture. Finally, performance analysis results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed integrated architecture.
Applications of microbeam analytical techniques in gold deportment studies and characterization of losses during the gold recovery process
Authors: Dimov Stamen S. , Hart Brian R. 
Published: August 2017

Many gold deposits are characterized by the presence of refractory (submicroscopic) gold in the matrix of sulfide minerals which is not directly amenable to gold cyanidation. In order to recover this submicroscopic gold, the ore has to be oxidized before being subjected to gold cyanidation and extraction. This is done by autoclave pressure oxidation (AC POX), a technology commonly used in the mining industry for ores with a high refractory gold content. Gold ores commonly contain active carbonaceous materials which have the ability to adsorb, or preg‐rob, gold during the AC POX and/or cyanidation steps of the recovery process, and gold losses can be significant.Advanced microbeam analytical techniques such as dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (D‐SIMS) and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) have become powerful tools for characterization of different forms and carriers of gold in the mining industry. Major advantages of these techniques are related to the investigation of individual mineral particles and quantitative analysis with detection limits in the low ppm/ppb concentrations. This paper describes various microbeam techniques and procedures implemented at Surface Science Western (SSW) which have become an intricate part of a comprehensive mineralogical and analytical approach for ore characterization and process mineralogy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initial Products and Reaction Mechanisms for Fast Pyrolysis of Synthetic G‐Lignin Oligomers with β‐O‐4 Linkages via On‐Line Mass Spectrometry and Quantum Chemical Calculations
Authors: Sheng Huaming , Murria Priya , Degenstein John C. , Tang Weijuan , Riedeman James S. , Hurt Matthew R. , Dow Alex , Klein Ian , Zhu Hanyu , Nash John J. , Abu‐Omar Mahdi , Agrawal Rakesh , Delgass William Nicholas , Ribeiro Fabio H. , Kenttämaa Hilkka I. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe products of fast pyrolysis that first leave the hot pyrolysis surface were identified for three G‐lignin model compounds, a trimer, a tetramer and a synthetic polymer, all containing β‐O‐4 linkages, by using a very fast heating pyrolysis probe coupled with a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer or a linear quadrupole ion trap coupled with an orbitrap detector. High‐resolution measurements were used to determine the elemental compositions of the deprotonated pyrolysis products. Their structures were examined using collision‐activated dissociation experiments and via comparison to the dissociation reactions of ionized authentic compounds. The initial pyrolysis products for all model compounds range from monomers to tetramers. Even for the polymer, no products larger than tetramers were observed. None of the products were radicals. The observed trimers and tetramers were formed directly from the intact model compounds rather than from repolymerization of initially formed monomers. Both the observed product distributions and quantum chemical calculations suggest that the mechanism(s) of the major reactions occurring under the conditions employed here are Maccoll and/or retro‐ene eliminations rather than radical reactions. Based on a comparison of the behavior of the smaller β‐O‐4 model compounds to the synthetic β‐O‐4 lignin polymer, the smaller model compounds appear to be good surrogates for further studies of the mechanisms of fast pyrolysis of lignin.
Ultrasensitive Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes Genomic DNA by Nanoparticle‐Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging
Authors: Aura Angela Margherita , D'Agata Roberta , Spoto Giuseppe 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe rapid, sensitive and specific detection of pathogenic bacteria is key to the prevention of a variety of foodborne illnesses representing a significant threat to public health. Conventional methods for the detection and identification of pathogens may take up to a few days to yield an answer, and for this reason, efforts have been made to develop new biosensing platforms for the efficient detection of foodborne pathogens. Here we report the use of a nanoparticle‐enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging biosensor for the rapid and femtomolar‐attomolar detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes genomic DNAs. We performed the nanoparticle enhanced SPR imaging detection of pathogen genomic DNAs with no need for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) pre‐amplification of the sequences to be detected. Here we show that peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes can discriminate between two pathogenic genomic DNAs. We tested the selectivity of the detection method against control probe sequences or contaminating bovine genomic DNA and demonstrated, for the first time, the attomolar detection of Staphylococcus aureus genomic DNA in the presence of a 10‐fold higher concentration of bovine genomic DNA.
Synthesis of Two Hexasaccharides Related to the Repeating Unit of the O‐Antigen from Escherichia coli TD2158
Authors: Pal Kumar Bhaskar , Mukhopadhyay Balaram 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEfficient strategies for the synthesis of two hexasaccharides related to the O‐antigen polysaccharide of E. coli TD2158 are reported. Both of the oligosaccharides were prepared by the sequential glycosylation of rationally functionalized monosaccharide synthons derived from commercially available sugars. Azido and phthalimido groups were utilized as the precursors for the natural acetamido functionality depending on the stereochemical requirement of the glycosidic bond. The target oligosaccharides were prepared in the form of their 4‐methoxyphenyl (OPMP) glycoside to leave the scope for further glycoconjugate formation. All glycosylation reactions were performed through the activation of thioglycosides using NIS and H2SO4‐silica resulting in desired stereoselectivity and good to excellent yields.
ESIPT‐Based Nanomolar Zn2+ Sensor for Human Breast Cancer Cell (MCF7) Imaging
Authors: Ghosh Milan , Ghosh Abhijit , Ta Sabyasachi , Matalobos Jesús S. , Das Debasis 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA single crystal X‐ray structurally characterized probe (L), derived from 2‐amino‐1‐phenylpropan‐1‐ol and 2‐hydroxy‐1‐napthaldehyde selectively recognizes nano‐molar Zn2+ both by fluorescence and colorimetric method. Inhibition of excited‐state intra‐molecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and ‐CH=N isomerization along with chelation‐enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) collectively contribute to Zn2+ recognition. L exhibits excellent sensitivity (2×10−9 M) and selectivity for Zn2+ in aqueous DMSO (1:1, v/v) media and useful for intra‐cellular Zn2+ imaging in human breast cancer cells (MCF7).
Synthesis of Triazole Derivatives of 9‐Ethyl‐9H‐carbazole and Dibenzo[b,d]furan and Evaluation of Their Antimycobacterial and Immunomodulatory Activity
Authors: Chirke Sahadev S. , Krishna Jattuboyina Siva , Rathod Balaji B. , Bonam Srinivasa Reddy , Khedkar Vijay M. , Rao Batchu Venkateswara , Sampath Kumar Halmuthur Mahabalarao , Shetty Prakasham Reddy 
Published: August 2017

Abstract1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives of 9‐ethyl‐9H‐carbazole and dibenzo[b,d]furan were synthesized by the Huisgen's 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction between azides and terminal alkynes. The synthesized derivatives 7d, 8a, 8b, 9e, and 10c exhibited good MIC values, especially against Mycobacterium smegmatis and these compounds were further evaluated for their immunomodulatory activity. Majority of the compounds exhibited no toxicity on splenocytes and macrophages and the compounds 8a and 8b are proved as induced proliferator. These compounds have shown decreased production of TNF‐α from LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and among all these compounds, 7d has shown significant inhibition of TNF‐α production. Molecular docking studies into the active site of mycobacterial DprE1 enzyme helped to establish a structural basis for inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and understand the type of ligand‐protein interactions governing the binding affinity.
Metal‐Free Remote C‐H Bond Acetoxylation of 8‐Aminoquinolines on the C5‐Position
Authors: Thrimurtulu Neetipalli , Dey Arnab , Pal Kuntal , Nair Akshay , Kumar Shreemoyee , Volla Chandra M. R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHerein, we describe a simple and practical approach for the selective acetoxylation at the C5‐position of 8‐aminoquinoline amides under metal free conditions. Our strategy shows high conversion efficiency, broad substrate scope, and functional group tolerance giving access to various C5‐acetoxylated carboxamides, sulfonamides or phosphinamides in good yields. In addition, the reaction conditions are suitable to scale up and also exhibited high regioselectivity.
A New Chirally Organized Trifluoromethylanthrylmethanol Derivative and Its Application as Chiral Solvating Agent
Authors: Monteagudo Eva , de March Pedro , Álvarez‐Larena Ángel , Virgili Albert 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe synthesis and structure of 1,1′‐(((10,10’‐(1,1′‐binaphthalene)‐2,2′‐diylbis(oxy))bis(methylene))bis(anthracene‐10,9‐diyl))bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol), 4, is reported. This compound owns both axial and central chirality allowing its use as a chiral solvating agent (CSA) for the enantiomeric composition determination of several mixtures of chiral aromatic alcohols and amines using NMR. The study of the resulting diastereoisomeric complexes was carried out by determining its stoichiometry and association binding constants.
Regioselective Benzylic Oxidation of Aromatic Abietanes: Application to the Semisynthesis of the Naturally Occurring Picealactones A, B and C
Authors: Kolsi Laura E. , Krogerus Sara , Brito Vanessa , Rüffer Tobias , Lang Heinrich , Yli‐Kauhaluoma Jari , Silvestre Samuel M. , Moreira Vânia M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOxygenated aromatic abietanes are an important class of naturally occurring compounds in plants where they play specific ecological roles. However, limited availability from their natural sources hampers their exploitation for the development of new drugs to treat human diseases. Herein the benzylic oxidation of aromatic abietanes mediated by sodium chlorite and aqueous tert‐butyl hydroperoxide is reported. The method is regioselective for 12‐substituted derivatives and gives the 7‐oxo products, in good yields. Moreover, it conveniently replaces the use of toxic chromium reagents for this transformation. Preparation of 7‐oxo, 7‐oxo‐15‐hydroperoxy and 7‐oxo‐15‐hydroxy derivatives of other aromatic abietanes is also possible with this method. Furthermore, the reaction products were used as key intermediates for a short and facile semisynthesis of the naturally occurring picealactones A, B and C to disclose their anti‐proliferative activity for the first time.
Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Humins to Low‐Chain Carboxylic Acids with Tailor‐Made Polyoxometalate Catalysts
Authors: Maerten Stephanie G. , Voß Dorothea , Liauw Marcel A. , Albert Jakob 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFor the first time, a selective catalytic conversion of thermally induced side products (humins) from biomass valorization to short‐chain carboxylic acids like formic acid and acetic acid is reported. Very interestingly, we found that homogeneous polyoxometalate catalysts could selectively oxidize humins from sugar‐derived levulinic acid production to formic acid and acetic acid under very mild conditions in a simple monophasic aqueous approach. This green and sustainable process offers a very cost‐effective and sustainable way for the conversion of undesired humins and benefits from its low reaction temperature (90‐120 °C) and its tunable product distribution. By variation of process parameters and chemical composition of the POM structures, we could control both product selectivity and humin conversion. Furthermore, catalyst recycling over three batches has been successfully carried out.