bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orientation-distribution mapping of polycrystalline materials by Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Schmid T. , Schäfer N. , Levcenko S. , Rissom T. , Abou-Ras D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRaman microspectroscopy provides the means to obtain local orientations on polycrystalline materials at the submicrometer level. The present work demonstrates how orientation-distribution maps composed of Raman intensity distributions can be acquired on large areas of several hundreds of square micrometers. A polycrystalline CuInSe2 thin film was used as a model system. The orientation distributions are evidenced by corresponding measurements using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) on the same identical specimen positions. The quantitative, local orientation information obtained by means of EBSD was used to calculate the theoretical Raman intensities for specific grain orientations, which agree well with the experimental values. The presented approach establishes new horizons for Raman microspectroscopy as a tool for quantitative, microstructural analysis at submicrometer resolution.
Evolution of cellular morpho-phenotypes in cancer metastasis
Authors: Wu Pei-Hsun , Phillip Jude M. , Khatau Shyam B. , Chen Wei-Chiang , Stirman Jeffrey , Rosseel Sophie , Tschudi Katherine , Van Patten Joshua , Wong Michael , Gupta Sonal , Baras Alexander S. , Leek Jeffrey T. , Maitra Anirban , Wirtz Denis 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntratumoral heterogeneity greatly complicates the study of molecular mechanisms driving cancer progression and our ability to predict patient outcomes. Here we have developed an automated high-throughput cell-imaging platform (htCIP) that allows us to extract high-content information about individual cells, including cell morphology, molecular content and local cell density at single-cell resolution. We further develop a comprehensive visually-aided morpho-phenotyping recognition (VAMPIRE) tool to analyze irregular cellular and nuclear shapes in both 2D and 3D microenvironments. VAMPIRE analysis of ~39,000 cells from 13 previously sequenced patient-derived pancreatic cancer samples indicate that metastasized cells present significantly lower heterogeneity than primary tumor cells. We found the same morphological signature for metastasis for a cohort of 10 breast cancer cell lines. We further decipher the relative contributions to heterogeneity from cell cycle, cell-cell contact, cell stochasticity and heritable morphological variations.
Sea Lice Infestations of a Wild Fish Assemblage in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Jensen Alexander J. , Zydlewski Gayle B. , Barker Sarah , Pietrak Michael 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLittle research on wild fish and sea lice interactions has occurred in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, particularly for the sea lice speciesCaligus elongatus. This project quantified infestations of sea lice on wild fishes of Cobscook Bay, Maine. Field examinations of 6,334 fish during March–November 2012 were used to determine host species and infestation prevalence. Of these, 253 fish were examined under magnification to identify sea lice genus, infestation intensity, sea lice life cycle stages, and attachment locations of chalimus stages. We used DNA sequencing on 175 (34%) individual lice to confirm sea lice species.Caligus elongatuswas the only observed sea lice species and was found on 10 fish species, including eight newly identified hosts. Nonmotile chalimus were the predominant life stages observed, accounting for 95.87% of sea lice, and were predominantly attached to hosts' fins. Overall infestation prevalence and intensity among all sampled fish were low—less than 5% and just one sea louse per fish, respectively. Among the three most common host species, Threespine SticklebacksGasterosteus aculeatushad the highest infestation prevalence and intensity. These results are the first reported data for sea lice presence on a wild fish assemblage in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Furthermore, the identification of new hosts forC. elongatusand the lack of observed infestations by the salmon louseLepeophtheirus salmoniswill be used to inform sea lice management efforts in aquaculture operations.
Racial Differences in the Association between Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use, Abuse/Dependence, and Major Depression
Authors: Salas Joanne , Scherrer Jeffrey F. , Lustman Patrick J. , Schneider F. David 
Published: December 2015

Background African Americans (AAs) have lower rates of depressive disorders and are less likely to receive opioid analgesics for chronic pain than whites. Given the evidence that prescription opioid use is associated with depression, we hypothesized that the opioid abuse/dependence and depression comorbidity would be less common among AAs compared with whites. Methods A cross-sectional secondary analysis of the public use files for the 2012 ( n = 55,268) and 2013 ( n = 55,160) National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) was used to obtain past-year, DSM-IV ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) criteria diagnoses of nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU), abuse/dependence, and major depressive episode (MDE). Covariates included anxiety disorder, alcohol and illicit drug abuse/dependence, smoking, age, gender, education, marital status, health insurance, county urbanicity, and income. Logistic regression models estimating the association between opioid use and MDE were computed before and after adjusting for covariates and separately for AAs and whites. Results AAs and whites had similar past-year prevalence of NMPOU (3.5% vs. 3.7%) and abuse/dependence (0.7% vs. 0.9%). MDE was significantly more prevalent among whites (7.4% vs. 5.5%; P < .0001). Among whites, NMPOU and abuse/dependence were associated with MDE (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–1.64 and OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.67–2.94, respectively). Among AAs, there were no significant associations between NMPOU, abuse/dependence, and MDE (OR range: 0.80–0.95). Conclusions In a nationally representative sample, co-occurrence of past-year depression, NMPOU, and abuse/dependence was determined in whites but not AAs. Additional research is needed to establish the contribution of pain and temporal relationships.
Suppressed gross erosion of high-temperature lithium via rapid deuterium implantation
Authors: Abrams T. , Jaworski M.A. , Chen M. , Carter E.A. , Kaita R. , Stotler D.P. , De Temmerman G. , Morgan T.W. , van den Berg M.A. , van der Meiden H.J. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Lithium-coated high-Z substrates are planned for use in the NSTX-U divertor and are a candidate plasma facing component (PFC) for reactors, but it remains necessary to characterize the gross Li erosion rate under high plasma fluxes (>1023 m−2 s−1), typical for the divertor region. In this work, a realistic model for the compositional evolution of a Li/D layer is developed that incorporates first principles molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of D diffusion in liquid Li. Predictions of Li erosion from a mixed Li/D material are also developed that include formation of lithium deuteride (LiD). The erosion rate of Li from LiD is predicted to be significantly lower than from pure Li. This prediction is tested in the Magnum-PSI linear plasma device at ion fluxes of 1023–1024 m−2 s−1 and Li surface temperatures  ⩽800 °C. Li/LiD coatings ranging in thickness from 0.2 to 500 μm are studied. The dynamic D/Li concentrations are inferred via diffusion simulations. The pure Li erosion rate remains greater than Langmuir Law evaporation, as expected. For mixed-material Li/LiD surfaces, the erosion rates are reduced, in good agreement with modelling in almost all cases. These results imply that the temperature limit for a Li-coated PFC may be significantly higher than previously imagined.
Exchange Rate Policy and Global Supply Chains: The Case of the Chinese Renminbi and Global Soybean and Soybean Product Markets
Authors: Williams Gary W. , Luo Ji 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA policy debate on widespread currency manipulation has generated economic analyses to inform policymakers regarding both the extent and impact of the problem. Such analyses typically focus on commodity trade and price impacts while ignoring potentially important supply chain linkages. Using Chinese exchange rate policy and global soybean and soybean product markets as an example, this paper illustrates that substantial measurement errors are possible if supply chain linkages are ignored in exchange rate policy analyses. As a consequence, policy responses to foreign currency manipulation informed by such analyses may be misguided or imprecise at best.
VISUAL RECOVERY AFTER AUTOLOGOUS RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM AND CHOROIDAL PATCH IN A PATIENT WITH CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION SECONDARY TO ANGIOID STREAKS: LONG-TERM RESULTS
Authors: Parolini Barbara , Alkabes Micol , Baldi Andrea , Pinackatt Sajish 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:
To describe a successfully treated case of autologous retinal pigment epithelium and choroidal patch in a patient with choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks.

Methods:
A 53-year-old man with angioid streaks and a subfoveal choroidal neovascularization underwent autologous retinal pigment epithelium and choroid transplantation. Lensectomy, pars plana vitrectomy, 200° peripheral temporal retinotomy, isolation of the patch, endolaser, and silicone oil tamponade 1,000 cts were performed. Preoperative and postoperative ophthalmic examinations included best-corrected visual acuity, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, autofluorescence, and optical coherence tomography.

Results:
Two months after surgery, best-corrected visual acuity (Snellen equivalent) improved from 20/200 to 20/100. At 6 months, best-corrected visual acuity further increased to 20/40 and the reading ability, which was absent preoperatively, improved to J2. Visual results were maintained after 2.5 years and no recurrence of choroidal neovascularization was observed.

Conclusion:
Transplantation of a full-thickness patch of retinal pigment epithelium and choroid under the fovea may be considered to prevent retinal atrophy with significant visual improvement in the case of a low active choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks. Moreover, preoperative optical coherence tomography might guide in highlighting those patients in whom the outer retinal layers are still visible as the best candidate for surgery.
What kind of maternal effects are selected for in fluctuating environments?
Authors: Proulx S. R. , Teotónio H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAdaptation to temporally fluctuating environments can be achieved through evolution of fixed genetic effects, by phenotypic plasticity (either developmental plasticity or trans-generational plasticity), or by randomizing offspring phenotypes (often called diversifying bet-hedging). Theory has long held that plasticity can evolve when information about the future environment is reliable while bet-hedging can evolve when mixtures of phenotypes have high average fitness (leading to low among generation variance in fitness). To date, no study has studied the evolutionary routes that lead to the evolution of randomized offspring phenotypes on the one hand or deterministic maternal effects on the other. We develop simple, yet general, models of the evolution of maternal effects and are able to directly compare selection for deterministic and randomizing maternal effects and can also incorporate the notion of differential maternal costs of producing offspring with alternative phenotypes. We find that only a small set of parameters allow bet hedging type strategies to outcompete deterministic maternal effects. Not only must there be little or no informative cues available, but also the frequency with which different environments are present must fall within a narrow range. By contrast, when we consider the joint evolution of the maternal strategy and the set of offspring phenotypes we find that deterministic maternal effects can always invade the ancestral state (lacking any form of maternal effect). The long-term ESS may, however, involve some form of offspring randomization, but only if the phenotypes evolve extreme differences in environment-specific fitness. Overall we conclude that deterministic maternal effects are much more likely to evolve than offspring randomization, and offspring randomization will only be maintained if it results in extreme differences in environment-specific fitness.
A novel method for decaying DC component removal with regard to frequency fluctuations
Authors: Tajdinian Mohsen , Montaser Kouhsari Shahram , Mohseni Kazem , Zareian Jahromi Mehdi 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– Decaying DC component has important effect on extracting the fundamental component phasor. It directly affects the precision of protective relaying algorithms which act based on fundamental frequency component. It can be noted that decaying DC component, harmonic components and off-nominal frequency conditions are the major issues which strongly effect phasor estimation. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper proposes a novel hybrid approach for fundamental phasor estimation in order to remove the decaying DC component using Hilbert Transform and Discrete Fourier Transform.

Findings
– The proposed method (PM) converges to the original value in one cycle in presence of harmonic components and off-nominal frequency condition. In addition, proposed algorithm is able to detect the frequency fluctuation. Thus, it is applicable for static and dynamic conditions. An extensive set of simulation results across static and dynamic validations demonstrated that the proposed approach has faster convergence and better precision than the present methods. In addition, during harmonic distortion and also frequency fluctuation, the PM provides a correct and reliable response.

Originality/value
– The PM can calculate the DC component exactly from fault current signals and can be used in digital protection algorithms for phasor estimation.
Analysis of self-excitation and performance characteristics of a single-phase self-excited induction generator by field-circuit method
Authors: Makowski Krzysztof , Leicht Aleksander 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present analysis of an influence of rotor slots opening on self-excitation process, terminal voltage and performance characteristics of the single-phase self-excited induction generator (SPSEIG).

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper presents field analysis of the self-excitation problem in the SPSEIG and performance characteristics on the base of two-dimensional field-circuit model of the generator.

Findings
– The carried out field computations of the tested SPSEIG with closed rotor slots showed that only an initial voltage across the excitation capacitor of about nominal value (230 V) causes successful self-excitation of the generator. It was also proved that the suitable opening of the rotor slots, beside remnant flux density in the rotor core, facilitates self-excitation in the generator. Since in working applications initially charging of the capacitor to almost nominal voltage may cause a problem, therefore employment of semi-closed rotor slots in the SPSEIG would be proper solution.

Originality/value
– The conducted simulations, validated by laboratory tests showed that not only suitable excitation capacitor capacitance and rotor speed are needed to obtain desired terminal voltage of the generator, but also suitable initial voltage across the capacitor in auxiliary stator winding is very important and necessary for reliable self-excitation of the single-phase induction generator with closed rotor slots. The employment of semi-closed rotor slots in the SPSEIG makes the self-excitation more effective.
Multi-parameter mathematical model for determination of PC cluster total harmonic distortion of input current
Authors: Mujovic Sasa , Djukanovic Slobodan , Radulovic Vladan , Katic Vladimir A. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– Low power devices with switched-mode power supply represent harmonic generating apparatus in widespread use nowadays. The influence of personal computers (PCs), which affect the supply voltage, is considered. Harmonic level due to simultaneous PC operation is quantified by the total harmonic distortion of input current (THD

I
). The purpose of this paper is to propose a multi-parameter mathematical model for the THD

I
calculation. The model is convenient for practical engineering application.

Design/methodology/approach
– The model is derived using the measured and simulated data. The model coefficients are obtained in the least squares sense.

Findings
– Mathematical modeling of THD

I
is the least expensive and the most convenient solution for engineering application. The models proposed in the literature have many drawbacks, which motivated the authors to develop a more comprehensive solution. Grid stiffness, capacitance of PC power supply unit and PC cluster size represent the major parameters that affect THD

I
, and as such they are taken into account in the proposed model. The influence of other existing parameters from both line and load side is also discussed and the reasons for their omitting from the model are explained. The model considers various PC configurations within the cluster and it enables the THD

I
calculation for an arbitrary PC cluster size.

Practical implications
– Due to its comprehensiveness and mathematical simplicity, the model is suitable for practical use, and its accuracy is verified through conducted measurements presented in the paper.

Originality/value
– The proposed model is more comprehensive than the existing ones, and it overcomes their shortcomings. The THD

I
calculation is simplified to the level of applying basic arithmetic operations only, without jeopardizing the accuracy. The validity of the model is supported by additional measurements carried out in sites characterized by grid conditions quite different from that used for model developing.
A novel discontinuous Galerkin model for two-phase flow in porous media using an improved IMPES method
Authors: Jamei Mehdi , Ghafouri H 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present an efficient improved version of Implicit Pressure-Explicit Saturation (IMPES) method for the solution of incompressible two-phase flow model based on the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) numerical scheme.Design/methodology/approach– The governing equations, based on the wetting-phase pressure-saturation formulation, are discretized using various primal DG schemes. The authors use H(div) velocity reconstruction in Raviart-Thomas space (RT_0 and RT_1), the weighted average formulation, and the scaled penalties to improve the spatial discretization. It uses a new improved IMPES approach, by using the second-order explicit Total Variation Diminishing Runge-Kutta (TVD-RK) as temporal discretization of the saturation equation. The main purpose of this time stepping technique is to speed up computation without losing accuracy, thus to increase the efficiency of the method.Findings– Utilizing pressure internal interpolation technique in the improved IMPES scheme can reduce CPU time. Combining the TVD property with a strong multi-dimensional slope limiter namely, modified Chavent-Jaffre leads to a non-oscillatory scheme even in coarse grids and highly heterogeneous porous media.Research limitations/implications– The presented locally conservative scheme can be applied only in 2D incompressible two-phase flow modeling in non-deformable porous media. In addition, the capillary pressure discontinuity between two adjacent rock types assumed to be negligible.Practical implications– The proposed numerical scheme can be efficiently used to model the incompressible two-phase flow in secondary recovery of petroleum reservoirs and tracing immiscible contamination in aquifers.Originality/value– The paper describes a novel version of the DG two-phase flow which illustrates the effects of improvements in special discretization. Also the new improved IMPES approach used reduces the computation time. The non-oscillatory scheme is an efficient algorithm as it maintains accuracy and saves computation time.
Mixed convection flow of viscoelastic nanofluid by a cylinder with variable thermal conductivity and heat source/sink
Authors: Hayat T. , Waqas M. , Shehzad Sabir Ali , Alsaedi A. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of variable thermal conductivity in mixed convection flow of viscoelastic nanofluid due to a stretching cylinder with heat source/sink.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors have computed the existence of the solution for Walter’s B and second grade fluids corresponding to Pr=0.5 and Pr=1.5. Skin-friction coefficient, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are computed numerically for different values of emerging parameters.

Findings
– A comparative study with the existing solutions in a limiting sense is made and analyzed. The authors found that the dimensionless velocity filed and momentum boundary layer thickness are increased when the values of viscoelastic parameter increase. The present non-Newtonian fluid flow reduces to the viscous flow in the absence of viscoelastic parameter. The larger values of viscoelastic parameter corresponds to the higher values of local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers.

Originality/value
– No such analysis exists in the literature yet.