bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraseasonal‐to‐semiannual variability of sea‐surface height in the astern, equatorial Indian Ocean and southern Bay of Bengal
Authors: Cheng Xuhua , McCreary Julian P. , Qiu Bo , Qi Yiquan , Du Yan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntraseasonal‐to‐semiannual variability of sea‐surface height (SSH) in the eastern, equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO) and southern Bay of Bengal (BoB) is investigated using altimetric data, and solutions to 1½ layer (first baroclinic mode) and linear, continuously stratified (LCS; multibaroclinic‐mode) models. The amplitude and dominant periods of SSH variability differ regionally. Large‐amplitude variability is found along the west coast of Sumatra, in a zonal band across the BoB centered along 5°N, east of Sri Lanka, and in the northwestern BoB, respectively. Along the Sumatran west coast, SSH variability peaks at 30–60, 90, and 180 days. Along 5°N and east of Sri Lanka, the 30–60 day variability is dominant. Sensitivity experiments using a nonlinear version of the 1½ layer model forced by realistic winds reproduce the observed patterns of intraseasonal variability in the southern BoB. At 30–60 days, the solutions show that eddies (nonlinear Rossby waves) propagating from the east, rather than local wind forcing, account for most of the variance east of Sri Lanka; furthermore, they demonstrate that the variance is significantly enhanced by the nonlinear transfer of 90–120 day energy into the intraseasonal band of 30–60 days. The LCS solutions show that the first two baroclinic modes explain most of the SSH variance at 90–180 days. The second baroclinic mode dominates the SSH variance at 180 days, a consequence of basin resonance and strong wind forcing.
Characteristics of ion distribution functions in dipolarizing flux bundles: Event studies
Authors: Runov A. , Angelopoulos V. , Artemyev A. , Birn J. , Pritchett P. L. , Zhou X.‐Z. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTaking advantage of multipoint observations from a repeating configuration of the five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) probes separated by 1 to 2 Earth radii (RE) along X, Y, and Z in the geocentric solar magnetospheric system (GSM), we study ion distribution functions collected by the probes during three dipolarizing flux bundle (DFB) events observed at geocentric distances 9 < R < 14 RE. By comparing these probes' observations, we characterize changes in the ion distribution functions with respect to probe separation along the X and Y GSM directions and |Bx| levels, which characterize the distance from the neutral sheet. We found that the characteristics of the ion distribution functions strongly depended on the |Bx| level, whereas changes with respect to X and Y were minor. In all three events, ion distribution functions f(v) observed inside DFBs were organized by magnetic and electric fields. The probes near the magnetic equator observed perpendicular anisotropy of the phase space density in the range between thermal energy and twice the thermal energy, although the distribution in the ambient plasma sheet was isotropic. The anisotropic ion distribution in DFBs injected toward the inner magnetosphere may provide the free energy for waves and instabilities, which are important elements of particle energization.
Effect of maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene on the flow orientation of short glass fiber in molten polypropylene and on tensile properties of composites
Authors: Uematsu Hideyuki , Suzuki Yu , Iemoto Yoshiyuki , Tanoue Shuichi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractComposites of polypropylene (PP) and PP blended with maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (MAPP) reinforced with short glass fibers were prepared via extrusion compounding and injection molding techniques. The fiber length did not significantly change irrespective of the presence of MAPP after compounding and injection molding. However, the tensile strength of PP/fiber showed significant improvement after MAPP addition. The interfacial shear strength between PP and fiber increased with the addition of MAPP. Examination of the failure surface of a dumbbell specimen after tensile testing confirmed that the fiber highly orientated in the flow direction in the PP/MAPP matrix. The tensile strength enhancement was attributed to the improvement of the interfacial shear strength between PP and fiber. Moreover, in the injection molding process, there was high orientation of the fiber in the flow direction when there was MAPP. We concluded that the presence of MAPP causes increased orientation of the fiber.
Spectral diffusion and scaling of many‐body delocalization transitions
Authors: Gornyi I. V. , Mirlin A. D. , Polyakov D. G. , Burin A. L. 
Published: April 2017

We analyze the role of spectral diffusion in the problem of many‐body delocalization in quantum dots and in extended systems. The spectral diffusion parametrically enhances delocalization, modifying the scaling of the delocalization threshold with the interaction coupling constant.
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Synthesis, structure and in vitro anticancer, DNA binding and cleavage activity of palladium (II) complexes based on isatin thiosemicarbazone derivatives
Authors: Ali Amna Qasem , Teoh Siang Guan , Eltayeb Naser Eltaher , Khadeer Ahamed Mohamed B. , Abdul Majid A.M.S. , Almutaleb Arabya A.A. 
Published: April 2017

Six novel palladium(II) complexes of a thiosemicarbazone Schiff base with isatin moiety (PdL1 to PdL6) were synthesized by the reaction of palladium(II) with the following: (Z)‐2‐(2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)‐N‐phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (L1H), (Z)‐2‐(5‐methyl‐2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)‐N‐phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (L2H), (Z)‐2‐(5‐fluoro‐2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)‐N‐phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (L3H), (Z)‐N‐methyl‐2‐(5‐nitro‐2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide (L4H), (Z)‐N‐methyl‐2‐(5‐methyl‐2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide (L5H) and (Z)‐N‐ethyl‐2‐(5‐methyl‐2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide (L6H). The structures of these complexes were characterized using elemental analysis and infrared, UV–visible, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopies. The structure of PdL5 was further characterized using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The interaction of these complexes with calf thymus DNA was characterized with a high intrinsic binding constant (Kb = 5.78 × 104 to 1.79 × 106 M−1), which reflected the intercalative activity of these complexes towards calf thymus DNA. This result was also confirmed from viscosity data. Electrophoresis studies revealed that complexes PdL1 to PdL6 could cleave DNA via an oxidative pathway in the presence of an external agent. Data obtained from an in vitro anti‐proliferative study clearly established the anticancer potency of these compounds against the human colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT 116.
Novel structures of Zn(II) biometal cation with the biologically active substituted acetic acid and nitrogen donor ligands: Synthesis, spectral, phosphate diester catalytic hydrolysis and anti‐microbial studies
Authors: Abu Ali Hijazi , Kamel Shayma , Abu Shamma Amani 
Published: April 2017

The complexes [Zn(methoxyacetate)21,10‐phenanthroline] 1 and [Zn2(phenylacetate)4(quinoline)2] 2, were prepared and characterized by IR‐spectroscopy, UV–Visible spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X‐ray diffraction. BNPP hydrolysis of the complexes and their parent nitrogen ligands were scanned, the results indicated that the hydrolysis rates of BNPP were 4.5 × 104 and 6.2 × 105 for (1) and (2), respectively. In addition, anti‐bacterial activities were scanned to investigate the effect of complexation on their activity against Gram‐positive (S. epidermidis, S. aureus, E. faecalis, M. luteus and B. Subtilis) and Gram‐negative (K. pneumonia, E. coli, P. Mirabilis and P. Aeruginosa) bacteria using agar well‐diffusion method. Complex 1 showed high activity against G−and G+ bacteria except against E. faecalis and P. Aeruginosa. Complex 2 did not show any activity against G− or G+ bacteria.
The forgotten implications of low oil prices on biofuels
Authors: Reboredo Fernando Henrique , Lidon Fernando Cebola , Ramalho José Cochicho , Pessoa Maria Fernanda 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe sudden drop of oil prices since mid‐2014 has echoed in the news due to implications at national and international levels. For unknown reasons, the effects of quasi permanent low oil prices on biofuels were ignored. With current oil prices, biofuels are not competitive with gasoline, thus the blend wall of regular cars will not rise as soon as expected, and the ethanol's market saturation and the high prices of capital and operational costs are factors that do not contribute to boost consumption. Objections to biofuels subsidies, as well as arguments against the rise of food prices as a consequence of biofuel production from feed crops instead of agricultural and forestry wastes, will become more valid than ever. However, to fulfil biofuel policies regarding energy independence and decarbonization, and in the face of the failure of important advanced biofuel projects, huge public expenditures (incentives/subsidies), extended biofuel mandates, improvement in biofuel technologies, and security for investments through coherent and stable policies are needed. Furthermore, it is advisable to maintain a sustainable conventional biofuel industry to facilitate the transition to advanced biofuels. Citizens must be aware of the indirect costs of fossil fuels (coal mining, pollution, and energy security) and realize that the deployment of biofuels is both a question of opportunity and a challenge. The devastating effect of low oil prices on biofuels and on unconventional oil's exploitation and the constraints to biofuel developments, are still in the horizon, especially when OPEC will no longer act as the swing oil producer. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
An integrated network analysis identifies how ArcAB enables metabolic oscillations in the nitric oxide detoxification network of Escherichia coli
Authors: Sacco Sarah A. , Adolfsen Kristin J. , Brynildsen Mark P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe virulences of many pathogens depend on their abilities to detoxify the immune antimicrobial nitric oxide (NO•). The functions of bacterial NO• detoxification machinery depend on oxygen (O2), with O2 inhibiting some enzymes, whereas others use it as a substrate. Previously, Escherichia coli NO• detoxification was found to be highly attenuated under microaerobic conditions and metabolic oscillations were observed. The oscillations in [NO•] and [O2] were found to result from the inhibitory action of NO• on aerobic respiration, the catalytic inactivation of NO• by Hmp (an NO• dioxygenase), and an imbalanced competition for O2 between Hmp and cytochrome terminal oxidase activity. Here the authors investigated the role of the ArcAB two component system (TCS) in microaerobic NO• detoxification. The authors observed that wild‐type, ΔarcA, and ΔarcB had comparable initial NO• clearance times; however, the mutant cultures failed to exhibit [NO•] and [O2] oscillations. Using an approach that employed experimentation and computational modeling, the authors found that the loss of oscillations in ΔarcA was due to insufficient induction of cytochrome bd‐I expression. Collectively, these results establish ArcAB as a TCS that influences NO• detoxification in E. coli within the physiologically‐relevant microaerobic regime.
Virchow's node together with an Irish node
Authors: Toh Yoon Ezekiel Wong , Nishihara Kazuki 
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical MessageClassical lymphadenopathies, such as Virchow's node (left supraclavicular lymph node metastasis) and Irish node (left axillary lymph node metastasis), are important findings that may indicate the presence of gastric cancer and other gastrointestinal malignancies.
Bottom‐up Design of High‐Performance Pt Electrocatalysts Supported on Carbon Nanotubes with Homogeneous Ionomer Distribution
Authors: Yang Zehui , Li Jing , Ling Ying , Zhang Quan , Yu Xinxin , Cai Weiwei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHomogeneous ionomer networks are primarily important for the enhancement of fuel cell performance. Here, we report a bottom‐up design of platinum (Pt) electrocatalysts with homogeneous ionomer layers, in which Pt nanoparticles are deposited on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) after sequentially wrapping with polybenzimidazole (PBI) and end‐capped hyperbranched sulfonated macromolecules (E‐HBM) (CNT/PBI/E‐HBM/Pt). E‐HBM, which are proton conductive macromolecules, are homogeneously coated on CNTs owing to the base–acid interaction between PBI and E‐HBM. The durability and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) results indicate that CNT/PBI/E‐HBM/Pt exhibits higher Pt stability and ORR activity compared with the electrocatalyst without E‐BHM. The Nafion ionomer‐free membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabricated from CNT/PBI/E‐HBM/Pt (704 mW cm−2) shows higher power density than the MEA from CNT/PBI/Pt with Nafion ionomer (30 wt %, 603 mW cm−2) owing to the unique bottom‐up design resulting in high Pt utilization efficiency.
A Water‐Stable Dual‐Channel Luminescence Sensor for UO22+ Ions Based on an Anionic Terbium(III) Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Ye Junwei , Bogale Raji F. , Shi Yangwei , Chen Yanzhen , Liu Xigang , Zhang Siqi , Yang Yaoyao , Zhao Jianzhang , Ning Guiling 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA stable 3D TbIII‐based metal–organic framework [Tb(BPDC)2]⋅(CH3)2NH2 (DUT‐101) was synthesized, and it is the first efficient dual‐channel luminescence sensor for aqueous UO22+ ions. DUT‐101 contains an anionic three‐dimensional framework and protonated dimethylamine molecules embedded within the channels. The intense green emission of DUT‐101 could be highly selectively and sensitively quenched by UO22+ ions even in the presence of other competing metal ions. A possible sensing mechanism was proposed based on both suppression of luminescence resonance energy transfer and enhancement of intermolecular electron transfer. Furthermore, visual green fluorescent test papers based on DUT‐101 were fabricated and could be used to discriminate UO22+ ions among various metal ions.
Tumor Targeting with an isoDGR–Drug Conjugate
Authors: Zanella Simone , Angerani Simona , Pina Arianna , López Rivas Paula , Giannini Clelia , Panzeri Silvia , Arosio Daniela , Caruso Michele , Gasparri Fabio , Fraietta Ivan , Albanese Clara , Marsiglio Aurelio , Pignataro Luca , Belvisi Laura , Piarulli Umberto , Gennari Cesare 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHerein we report the first example of an isoDGR–drug conjugate (2), designed to release paclitaxel selectively within cancer cells expressing integrin αVβ3. Conjugate 2 was synthesized by connecting the isoDGR peptidomimetic 5 with paclitaxel via the lysosomally cleavable Val–Ala dipeptide linker. Conjugate 2 displayed a low nanomolar affinity for the purified integrin αVβ3 receptor (IC50=11.0 nm). The tumor targeting ability of conjugate 2 was assessed in vitro in anti‐proliferative assays on two isogenic cancer cell lines characterized by different integrin αVβ3 expression: human glioblastoma U87 (αVβ3+) and U87 β3‐KO (αVβ3−). The isoDGR‐PTX conjugate 2 displayed a remarkable targeting index (TI=9.9), especially when compared to the strictly related RGD‐PTX conjugate 4 (TI=2.4).
Catalyst Screening and Reactor Modeling for Oxidative Methane Coupling to Increase the Heating Value of Biogas
Authors: Friedel Marcus , Nitzsche Jörg , Krause Hartmut 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDie Einspeisung von Biogas in das Erdgasnetz kann einen entscheidenden Anteil zum Gelingen der Energiewende beitragen, da Biogas hierdurch für verschiedene Sektoren (Mobilität, Industrie und Gaskraftwerke) nutzbar wird. Die in der Regel vor der Einspeisung durchgeführte Brennwertanhebung mit Flüssiggas verursacht jedoch hohe Kosten und Abhängigkeiten von fossilen Energieträgern. Um eine unabhängige Brennwertanhebung zu ermöglichen wird derzeit das Verfahren der oxidativen Kopplung von Methan zur Erzeugung höherer Kohlenwasserstoffe aus Biogas untersucht.
miR‐130A as a diagnostic marker to differentiate malignant mesothelioma from lung adenocarcinoma in pleural effusion cytology
Authors: Cappellesso Rocco , Galasso Marco , Nicolè Lorenzo , Dabrilli Paolo , Volinia Stefano , Fassina Ambrogio 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDMalignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare tumor with a dismal prognosis, usually presenting with recurrent effusions. However, the majority of malignant pleural effusions are due to lung adenocarcinoma (AdC). The distinction between these tumors has considerable therapeutic and medicolegal implications and can be very challenging both histologically and cytologically. Appropriate immunohistochemistry (IHC) is required to support the diagnosis. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression analysis could be a viable diagnostic tool for distinguishing between these tumors. The purpose of the current study was to assess the reliability of miRNAs as diagnostic markers to differentiate epithelioid malignant mesothelioma (MM) from lung AdC.METHODSBioinformatic analysis of publicly searchable data sets regarding miRNA expression profiling was performed to select the most significant differentially expressed miRNAs. These were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction on histologic (41 MM cases and 40 lung AdC cases) and cytological (26 MM cases and 27 lung AdC cases) specimens and the diagnostic performances were assessed.RESULTSmiR‐130a, miR‐193a, miR‐675, miR‐141, miR‐205, and miR‐375 were found to be the best distinguishing markers. Of these, only miR‐130a was significantly overexpressed in MM compared with lung AdC (P =.029 in histologic and P =.014 in cytological samples). miR‐130a demonstrated a sensitivity of 77%, a specificity of 67%, a positive predictive value of 69%, a negative predictive value of 75%, and an accuracy of 72% in identifying MM.CONCLUSIONSThe diagnostic performances of miR‐130a expression analysis and IHC appear to be similar. miR‐130a quantification could be used reliably as second‐level diagnostic tool to differentiate MM from lung AdC in pleural effusion cytology, mainly in those cases with ambiguous or negative IHC. Further validation is needed. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:635‐43. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole as the Central Core of the Electron Donor for Solution‐Processed Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Domínguez Rocío , Montcada Núria F. , de la Cruz Pilar , Palomares Emilio , Langa Fernando 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA series of three small‐molecule acceptor–donor–acceptor (A‐D‐A) compounds with a tetraaryl‐1,4‐dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole as the central building block were synthesized and fully characterized. These molecules present high thermal stability and suitable HOMO–LUMO energy levels making them feasible electron‐donor materials in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ‐OSC). Moreover, theoretical work predicts of a lack of planarity and no π–π stacking, furthermore. The electron density of the HOMO is distributed on the pyrrole–pyrrole moiety and that of the LUMO is delocalized, in contrast, on the phenyl groups. The organic solar cells deliver an open‐circuit voltage of 0.99 V. However, the overall efficiency is limited due to the low charge mobility measured for holes, 10−9 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Carbon doped GaN layers grown by Pseudo‐Halide Vapour Phase Epitaxy
Authors: Siche Dietmar , Zwierz Radoslaw , Kachel Krzysztof , Jankowski Nadja , Nenstiel Christian , Callsen Gordon , Bickermann Matthias , Hoffmann Axel 
Published: April 2017

Pseudo‐Halide Vapour Phase Epitaxy (PHVPE) was utilized to grow thick carbon doped GaN layers to study their suitability as semi‐insulating (SI) substrates. With in‐situ waste gas analysis by FTIR spectroscopy, the carbon doping from the HCN precursor gas was indirectly controlled in a wide range up to 5 × 1019 cm–3. The grown layers were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS), Photoluminescence (PL), Micro‐Raman‐Spectroscopy, Hall effect measurement, and High Resolution X‐Ray Diffractometry (HRXRD). Similar to the impurity incorporation (O, Si, Mg and Zn), carbon distribution proved to be inhomogeneous, due to its increased incorporation on facets of so‐called V‐pits.
Individual‐based analysis of hair corticosterone reveals factors influencing chronic stress in the American pika
Authors: Waterhouse Matthew D. , Sjodin Bryson , Ray Chris , Erb Liesl , Wilkening Jennifer , Russello Michael A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGlucocorticoids are often measured in wildlife to assess physiological responses to environmental or ecological stress. Hair, blood, saliva, or fecal samples are generally used depending on the timescale of the stress response being investigated and species‐specific considerations. Here, we report the first use of hair samples to measure long‐term corticosterone levels in the climate‐sensitive American pika (Ochotona princeps). We validated an immunoassay‐based measurement of corticosterone extracted from hair samples and compared corticosterone estimates obtained from plasma, hair, and fecal samples of nine pikas. To demonstrate an ecological application of this technique, we characterized physiological stress in 49 pikas sampled and released at eight sites along two elevational transects. Microclimate variation was measured at each site using both ambient and subsurface temperature sensors. We used an information theoretic approach to compare support for linear, mixed‐effects models relating corticosterone estimates to microclimate, body size, and sex. Corticosterone was measured accurately in pika hair samples after correcting for the influence of sample mass on corticosterone extraction efficiency. Hair‐ and plasma‐based estimates of corticosterone were weakly correlated. The best‐supported model suggested that corticosterone was lower in larger, male pikas, and at locations with higher ambient temperatures in summer. Our results are consistent with a general negative relationship between body mass and glucocorticoid concentration observed across mammalian species, attributed to the higher mass‐specific metabolic rates of smaller bodied animals. The higher corticosterone levels in female pikas likely reflected the physiological demands of reproduction, as observed in a wide array of mammalian species. Additionally, we establish the first direct physiological evidence for thermal stress in the American pika through nonlethal sampling of corticosterone. Interestingly, our data suggest evidence for cold stress likely induced during the summer molting period. This technique should provide a useful tool to researchers wishing to assess chronic stress in climate‐sensitive mammals.
Enantioselective synthesis and sensory properties of 3‐methylthiodecanal
Authors: Jiang Yaolin , Liu Hao , Liu Yongguo , Yang Shaoxiang , Sun Baoguo , Tian Hongyu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe enantioselective synthesis of two enantiomers of 3‐methylthiodecanal was described, in which the optically active 1‐undecen‐4‐ols prepared by asymmetric catalytic addition of n‐octanal with allyltributylstannane went through oxidation of double bond and nucleophilic substitution of hydroxy group via mesylate to afford the target molecules with about 90% ee values. Odour properties and approximate thresholds were determined by means of GC/Olfactory. The data indicated that two enantiomers of 3‐methylthiodecanal presented distinctive odour feature from each other and also a slight difference in odour intensity.