bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique phenotypes and clonal expansions of human CD4 effector memory T cells re-expressing CD45RA
Authors: Tian Yuan , Babor Mariana , Lane Jerome , Schulten Veronique , Patil Veena S. , Seumois Grégory , Rosales Sandy L. , Fu Zheng , Picarda Gaelle , Burel Julie , Zapardiel-Gonzalo Jose , Tennekoon Rashika N. , De Silva Aruna D. , Premawansa Sunil , Premawansa Gayani , Wijewickrama Ananda , Greenbaum Jason A. , Vijayanand Pandurangan , Weiskopf Daniela , Sette Alessandro , Peters Bjoern 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe expression of CD45RA is generally associated with naive T cells. However, a subset of effector memory T cells re-expresses CD45RA (termed TEMRA) after antigenic stimulation with unknown molecular characteristics and functions. CD4 TEMRA cells have been implicated in protective immunity against pathogens such as dengue virus (DENV). Here we show that not only the frequency but also the phenotype of CD4 TEMRA cells are heterogeneous between individuals. These cells can be subdivided into two major subsets based on the expression of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor GPR56, and GPR56+TEMRA cells display a transcriptional and proteomic program with cytotoxic features that is distinct from effector memory T cells. Moreover, GPR56+TEMRA cells have higher levels of clonal expansion and contain the majority of virus-specific TEMRA cells. Overall, this study reveals the heterogeneity of CD4 TEMRA cells and provides insights into T-cell responses against DENV and other viral pathogens.
Balancing activity, stability and conductivity of nanoporous core-shell iridium/iridium oxide oxygen evolution catalysts
Authors: Kim Yong-Tae , Lopes Pietro Papa , Park Shin-Ae , Lee A-Yeong , Lim Jinkyu , Lee Hyunjoo , Back Seoin , Jung Yousung , Danilovic Nemanja , Stamenkovic Vojislav , Erlebacher Jonah , Snyder Joshua , Markovic Nenad M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe selection of oxide materials for catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction in acid-based electrolyzers must be guided by the proper balance between activity, stability and conductivity—a challenging mission of great importance for delivering affordable and environmentally friendly hydrogen. Here we report that the highly conductive nanoporous architecture of an iridium oxide shell on a metallic iridium core, formed through the fast dealloying of osmium from an Ir25Os75 alloy, exhibits an exceptional balance between oxygen evolution activity and stability as quantified by the activity-stability factor. On the basis of this metric, the nanoporous Ir/IrO2 morphology of dealloyed Ir25Os75 shows a factor of ~30 improvement in activity-stability factor relative to conventional iridium-based oxide materials, and an ~8 times improvement over dealloyed Ir25Os75 nanoparticles due to optimized stability and conductivity, respectively. We propose that the activity-stability factor is a key “metric” for determining the technological relevance of oxide-based anodic water electrolyzer catalysts.
New melanocortin-like peptide of E. coli can suppress inflammation via the mammalian melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R): possible endocrine-like function for microbes of the gut
Authors: Qiang Xiaoling , Liotta Anthony S. , Shiloach Joseph , Gutierrez J. C. , Wang Haichao , Ochani Mahendar , Ochani Kanta , Yang Huan , Rabin Aviva , LeRoith Derek , Lesniak Maxine A. , Böhm Markus , Maaser Christian , Kannengiesser Klaus , Donowitz Mark , Rabizadeh Shervin , Czura Christopher J. , Tracey Kevin J. , Westlake Mark , Zarfeshani Aida , Mehdi Syed F. , Danoff Ann , Ge Xueliang , Sanyal Suparna , Schwartz Gary J. , Roth Jesse 
Published: November 2017

AbstractE. coli releases a 33 amino acid peptide melanocortin-like peptide of E. coli (MECO-1) that is identical to the C-terminus of the E. coli elongation factor-G (EF-G) and has interesting similarities to two prominent mammalian melanocortin hormones, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). Note that MECO-1 lacks HFRW, the common pharmacophore of the known mammalian melanocortin peptides. MECO-1 and the two hormones were equally effective in severely blunting release of cytokines (HMGB1 and TNF) from macrophage-like cells in response to (i) endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) or (ii) pro-inflammatory cytokine HMGB-1. The in vitro anti-inflammatoty effects of MECO-1 and of alpha-MSH were abrogated by (i) antibody against melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) and by (ii) agouti, an endogenous inverse agonist of MC1R. In vivo MECO-1 was even more potent than alpha-MSH in rescuing mice from death due to (i) lethal doses of LPS endotoxin or (ii) cecal ligation and puncture, models of sterile and infectious sepsis, respectively.
Network pharmacology exploration reveals endothelial inflammation as a common mechanism for stroke and coronary artery disease treatment of Danhong injection
Authors: Lyu Ming , Yan Chun-Lin , Liu Hai-Xin , Wang Tai-Yi , Shi Xin-Hui , Liu Jin-Ping , Orgah John , Fan Guan-Wei , Han Ji-Hong , Wang Xiao-Ying , Zhu Yan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough Danhong injection (DHI) is the most widely prescribed Chinese medicine for both stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD), its underlying common molecular mechanisms remain unclear. An integrated network pharmacology and experimental verification approach was used to decipher common pharmacological mechanisms of DHI on stroke and CAD treatment. A compound-target-disease & function-pathway network was constructed and analyzed, indicating that 37 ingredients derived from DH (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Flos Carthami tinctorii and DHI) modulated 68 common targets shared by stroke and CAD. In-depth network analysis results of the top diseases, functions, pathways and upstream regulators implied that a common underlying mechanism linking DHI’s role in stroke and CAD treatment was inflammatory response in the process of atherosclerosis. Experimentally, DHI exerted comprehensive anti-inflammatory effects on LPS, ox-LDL or cholesterol crystal-induced NF-κB, c-jun and p38 activation, as well as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 secretion in vascular endothelial cells. Ten of 14 predicted ingredients were verified to have significant anti-inflammatory activities on LPS-induced endothelial inflammation. DHI exerts pharmacological efficacies on both stroke and CAD through multi-ingredient, multi-target, multi-function and multi-pathway mode. Anti-endothelial inflammation therapy serves as a common underlying mechanism. This study provides a new understanding of DHI in clinical application on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Competing tradeoffs between increasing marine mammal predation and fisheries harvest of Chinook salmon
Authors: Chasco Brandon E. , Kaplan Isaac C. , Thomas Austen C. , Acevedo-Gutiérrez Alejandro , Noren Dawn P. , Ford Michael J. , Hanson M. Bradley , Scordino Jonathan J. , Jeffries Steven J. , Marshall Kristin N. , Shelton Andrew O. , Matkin Craig , Burke Brian J. , Ward Eric J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMany marine mammal predators, particularly pinnipeds, have increased in abundance in recent decades, generating new challenges for balancing human uses with recovery goals via ecosystem-based management. We used a spatio-temporal bioenergetics model of the Northeast Pacific Ocean to quantify how predation by three species of pinnipeds and killer whales (Orcinus orca) on Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) has changed since the 1970s along the west coast of North America, and compare these estimates to salmon fisheries. We find that from 1975 to 2015, biomass of Chinook salmon consumed by pinnipeds and killer whales increased from 6,100 to 15,200 metric tons (from 5 to 31.5 million individual salmon). Though there is variation across the regions in our model, overall, killer whales consume the largest biomass of Chinook salmon, but harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) consume the largest number of individuals. The decrease in adult Chinook salmon harvest from 1975–2015 was 16,400 to 9,600 metric tons. Thus, Chinook salmon removals (harvest + consumption) increased in the past 40 years despite catch reductions by fisheries, due to consumption by recovering pinnipeds and endangered killer whales. Long-term management strategies for Chinook salmon will need to consider potential conflicts between rebounding predators or endangered predators and prey.
Pd supported on carbon containing nickel, nitrogen and sulfur for ethanol electrooxidation
Authors: Yang Zi-Rui , Wang Shang-Qing , Wang Jing , Zhou Ai-Ju , Xu Chang-Wei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCarbon material containing nickel, nitrogen and sulfur (Ni-NSC) has been synthesized using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as precursor by annealing treatment with a size from 200 to 300 nm. Pd nanoparticles supported on the Ni-NSC (Pd/Ni-NSC) are used as electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media. Due to the synergistic effect between Pd and Ni, S, N, free OH radicals can form on the surface of Ni, N and S atoms at lower potentials, which react with CH3CO intermediate species on the Pd surface to produce CH3COO− and release the active sites. On the other hand, the stronger binding force between Pd and co-doped N and S is responsible for enhancing dispersion and preventing agglomeration of the Pd nanoparticles. The Pd(20 wt%)/Ni-NSC shows better electrochemical performance of ethanol oxidation than the traditional commercial Pd(20 wt%)/C catalyst. Onset potential on the Pd(20 wt%)/Ni-NSC electrode is 36 mV more negative compared with that on the commercial Pd(20 wt%)/C electrode. The Pd(20 wt%)/Ni-NSC in this paper demonstrates to have excellent electrocatalytic properties and is considered as a promising catalyst in alkaline direct ethanol fuel cells.
Motivational interviewing and urine cotinine feedback to stop passive smoke exposure in children predisposed to asthma: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hutchinson Sasha G. , van Breukelen Gerard , van Schayck Constant P. , Essers Brigitte , Hammond S. Katharine , Muris Jean W. M. , Feron Frans J. M. , Dompeling Edward 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe tested the effectiveness of a program consisting of motivational interviewing (MI) and feedback of urine cotinine to stop passive smoking (PS) in children at risk for asthma. Fifty-eight families with children 0–13 years with a high risk of asthma and PS exposure were randomised in a one-year follow-up study. The intervention group received the intervention program during 6 sessions (1/month) and the control group received measurements (questionnaires, urine cotinine, and lung function) only. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of families stopping PS (parental report verified and unverified with the child’s urine cotinine concentration <10 μg/l) in children during the intervention program. The analyses were performed with Mixed Logistic Regression. After 6 months, a significant group difference was observed for the unverified parental report of stopping PS in children: 27% of parents in the intervention group versus 7% in the control group. For the verified parental report, the difference was similar (23% versus 7%) but was not statistically significant. Despite a limited sample size, the results suggest that the intervention program is probably an effective strategy to stop PS in children. A program longer than 6 months might be necessary for a longer lasting intervention effect.
RCS Diversity of Electromagnetic Wave Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum
Authors: Zhang Chao , Chen Dong , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn electromagnetic (EM) wave with orbital angular momentum (OAM) has a helical wave front, which is different from that of the plane wave. The phase gradient can be found perpendicular to the direction of propagation and proportional to the number of OAM modes. Herein, we study the backscattering property of the EM wave with different OAM modes, i.e., the radar cross section (RCS) of the target is measured and evaluated with different OAM waves. As indicated by the experimental results, different OAM waves have the same RCS fluctuation for the simple target, e.g., a small metal ball as the target. However, for complicated targets, e.g., two transverse-deployed small metal balls, different RCSs can be identified from the same incident angle. This valuable fact helps to obtain RCS diversity, e.g., equal gain or selective combining of different OAM wave scattering. The majority of the targets are complicated targets or expanded targets; the RCS diversity can be utilized to detect a weak target traditionally measured by the plane wave, which is very helpful for anti-stealth radar to detect the traditional stealth target by increasing the RCS with OAM waves.
Effect of Si on the Energy Band Gap Modulation and Performance of Silicon Indium Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Choi Jun Young , Heo Keun , Cho Kyung-Sang , Hwang Sung Woo , Chung JaeGwan , Kim Sangsig , Lee Byeong Hyeon , Lee Sang Yeol 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe band gap properties of amorphous SiInZnO (a-SIZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with different Si concentrations have been studied. The electronic structures of the films, engineered by controlling the Si content, have been investigated through the changes of the band gap and band edge states. Carrier generation at oxygen vacancies can modify the band gap states of oxide thin films. Si suppresses the number of oxygen vacancies—which are carrier generation sites—so shifts the Fermi energy level away from the conduction band. It is difficult to derive the electronic structures of amorphous oxide semiconductors by electrical measurements. Thus, we used a combination of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, Kelvin probe measurements, and electron energy loss spectroscopy to measure the band gap and electrical performance variations of SIZO TFTs with Si doping. To verify the versatility of Si doping in modulating electronic properties, high-performance depletion-mode inverter circuits consisting of 0.1 to 0.3 wt% Si-doped a-SIZO TFTs were fabricated. These inverter models operate through the threshold voltage difference that arises from the different Si contents. High voltage gains of ~20.62 at a supply voltage of 15 V were obtained with the two TFTs, with a strong dependence on the subthreshold swing.
Species pool distributions along functional trade-offs shape plant productivity–diversity relationships
Authors: Chalmandrier Loïc , Albouy Camille , Pellissier Loïc 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGrasslands deliver the resources for food production and are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems. These characteristics are often in conflict as increasing yield through fertilization can lead to biodiversity loss. Thus, the challenge in grassland management is to sustain both yield and diversity. Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments typically reveal a positive relationship between manipulated species diversity and productivity. In contrast, observations of the effect of increasing productivity via fertilization suggest a negative association with biodiversity. Using a mathematical model simulating species co-existence along a resource gradient, we show that trade-offs and species pool structure (size and trait distribution) determines the shape of the productivity-diversity relationship. At a constant resource level, over-yielding drives a positive relationship between biodiversity and productivity. In contrast, along a resource gradient, the shape of the productivity-diversity relationship is determined by the distribution of species along trade-off axes and often resulted in a bell-shaped relationship. In accordance to this theoretical result, we then explain the general trend of plant biodiversity loss with fertilisation in the European flora, by showing empirical evidence that trait distribution of plant species pools throughout Europe is biased toward species preferring poorer soils.
Whole genomic analysis of two potential recombinant strains within Human mastadenovirus species C previously found in Beijing, China
Authors: Mao Naiying , Zhu Zhen , Rivailler Pierre , Chen Meng , Fan Qin , Huang Fang , Xu Wenbo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHuman mastadenovirus species C (HAdV-C) are the most common etiologic agents of respiratory disease in young children and are frequently detected worldwide including China. Two recombinant HAdV-C strains (BJ04 and BJ09) were isolated from infants with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Beijing in 2012–2013. The whole genome sequences (WGS) of BJ04 and BJ09 were generated and compared to other 35 HAdV-C WGSs publicly available. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the BJ04 strain might be the result of three homologous recombination events involving the parental strains JX173086 (HAdV-1), NC_001405 (HAdV-2) and LC068718 (HAdV-6), whereas BJ09 viral genome might be made of genetic elements from JX173083 (HAdV-1), KF268199 (HAdV-5), and KR699642 (strain CBJ113). Despite intratypic recombination, amino acid analysis showed that the gene repertoire of BJ04 and BJ09 were similar to type 2 viruses. Finally, this analysis revealed that at least three lineages of HAdV-C have been identified in China, represented by BJ04 related to NC_001405, BJ09 related to CBJ113, and KF951595 (strain DD28) related to virus isolated in Japan. This study showed that the frequent recombination played an important driving force for complexity of the HAdV-C epidemic in Beijing, thereby demonstrating the necessity for epidemiological and virological surveillance for HAdV-C in China.
Surge-type and surge-modified glaciers in the Karakoram
Authors: Bhambri R. , Hewitt K. , Kawishwar P. , Pratap B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGlaciers in the Karakoram exhibit irregular behavior. Terminus fluctuations of individual glaciers lack consistency and, unlike other parts of the Himalaya, total ice mass remained stable or slightly increased since the 1970s. These seeming anomalies are addressed through a comprehensive mapping of surge-type glaciers and surge-related impacts, based on satellite images (Landsat and ASTER), ground observations, and archival material since the 1840s. Some 221 surge-type and surge-like glaciers are identified in six main classes. Their basins cover 7,734 ± 271 km2 or ~43% of the total Karakoram glacierised area. Active phases range from some months to over 15 years. Surge intervals are identified for 27 glaciers with two or more surges, including 9 not previously reported. Mini-surges and kinematic waves are documented and surface diagnostic features indicative of surging. Surge cycle timing, intervals and mass transfers are unique to each glacier and largely out-of-phase with climate. A broad class of surge-modified ice introduces indirect and post-surge effects that further complicate tracking of climate responses. Mass balance in surge-type and surge-modified glaciers differs from conventional, climate-sensitive profiles. New approaches are required to account for such differing responses of individual glaciers, and effectively project the fate of Karakoram ice during a warming climate.
Conformal transistor arrays based on solution-processed organic crystals
Authors: Zhao Xiaoli , Zhang Bing , Tang Qingxin , Ding Xueyan , Wang Shuya , Zhou Yuying , Tong Yanhong , Liu Yichun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractConformal transistor array based on solution-processed organic crystals, which can provide sensory and scanning features for monitoring, biofeedback, and tracking of physiological function, presents one of the most promising technologies for future large-scale low-cost wearable and implantable electronics. However, it is still a huge challenge for the integration of solution-processed organic crystals into conformal FETs owing to a generally existing swelling phenomenon of the elastic materials and the lack of the corresponding device fabrication technology. Here, we present a promising route to fabricate a conformal field-effect transistor (FET) array based on solution-processed TIPS-pentacene single-crystal micro/nanowire array. By simply drop-casting the organic solution on an anti-solvent photolithography-compatible electrode with bottom-contact coplanar configuration, the transistor array can be formed and can conform onto uneven objects. Excellent electrical properties with device yield as high as 100%, field-effect mobility up to 0.79 cm2V−1s−1, low threshold voltage, and good device uniformity are demonstrated. The results open up the capability of solution-processed organic crystals for conformal electronics, suggesting their substantial promise for next-generation wearable and implantable electronics.
Bio-detoxification of ricin in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) seeds
Authors: Sousa Natália L. , Cabral Glaucia B. , Vieira Pabline M. , Baldoni Aisy B. , Aragão Francisco J. L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRicin is a highly toxic ribosome-inactivating lectin occurring in the seeds of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Castor bean grows throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions and is a very important crop due to its high seed content of ricinoleic acid, an unusual fatty acid, which has several industrial applications. However, due to the presence of the toxin, castor bean can cause death after the exposure of animals to low doses of ricin through skin contact, injection, inhalation or oral routes. Aiming to generate a detoxified genotype, we explored the RNAi concept in order to silence the ricin coding genes in the endosperm of castor bean seeds. Results indicated that ricin genes were effectively silenced in genetically modified (GM) plants, and ricin proteins were not detected by ELISA. Hemagglutination activity was not observed with proteins isolated from GM seeds. In addition, we demonstrated that seed proteins from GM plants were not toxic to rat intestine epithelial cells or to Swiss Webster mice. After oil extraction, bio-detoxified castor bean cake, which is very rich in valuable proteins, can be used for animal feeding. Gene silencing would make castor bean cultivation safer for farmers, industrial workers and society.
Incidence of asymptomatic neurosyphilis in serofast Chinese syphilis patients
Authors: Cai Sheng Nan , Long Jing , Chen Chen , Wan Gang , Lun Wen Hui 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMore new diagnosed syphilis cases were reported in china, the incidence and relevant factors of asymptomatic neurosyphilis (ANS) in serofast syphilis patients were unclear. Clinical and laboratory data of 402 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) negative, serofast syphilis patients, who underwent lumbar puncture at the Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital between September 2008 and August 2016, were collected. Incidence of ANS was verified and the relevant factors were further analyzed. According to the ANS criteria, 139 (34.6%) patients had ANS. Of these, 40 (28.8%) had reactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), rapid plasma reagin (RPR) positive, 115 (82.7%) had CSF white blood cell (WBC) count > 5 × 106/L, 28 (20.1%) had CSF protein concentration > 45 mg/dL (without other neurological diseases). Patients aged 51–60 years, of non-Han ethnicity, with serum RPR titer 1:32 and ≥ 1:64 were 2.28-fold, 9.11-fold, 5.12-fold and 5.69-fold, respectively, more likely to have ANS. The incidence of ANS was 34.6% among Chinese serofast syphilis patients. Age, ethnicity and serum RPR titer were associated with high risk of ANS.