bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroconvulsive therapy modulates plasma pigment epithelium-derived factor in depression: a proteomics study
Authors: Ryan K M , Glaviano A , O'Donovan S M , Kolshus E , Dunne R , Kavanagh A , Jelovac A , Noone M , Tucker G M , Dunn M J , McLoughlin D M 
Published: March 2017

AbstractElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for severe depression, yet its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Peripheral blood proteomic analyses may offer insights into the molecular mechanisms of ECT. Patients with a major depressive episode were recruited as part of the EFFECT-Dep trial (enhancing the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in severe depression; ISRCTN23577151) along with healthy controls. As a discovery-phase study, patient plasma pre-/post-ECT (n=30) was analyzed using 2-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Identified proteins were selected for confirmation studies using immunodetection methods. Samples from a separate group of patients (pre-/post-ECT; n=57) and matched healthy controls (n=43) were then used to validate confirmed changes. Target protein mRNA levels were also assessed in rat brain and blood following electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS), the animal model of ECT. We found that ECT significantly altered 121 protein spots with 36 proteins identified by mass spectrometry. Confirmation studies identified a post-ECT increase (P<0.01) in the antiangiogenic and neuroprotective mediator pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). Validation work showed an increase (P<0.001) in plasma PEDF in depressed patients compared with the controls that was further increased post-ECT (P=0.03). PEDF levels were not associated with mood scores. Chronic, but not acute, ECS increased PEDF mRNA in rat hippocampus (P=0.02) and dentate gyrus (P=0.03). This study identified alterations in blood levels of PEDF in depressed patients and further alterations following ECT, as well as in an animal model of ECT. These findings implicate PEDF in the biological response to ECT for depression.
Microsecond‐scale fast fusing and cutout characteristics of high current fuse
Authors: Zhang Yu , Su Jiancang , Zheng Lei , Li Rui , Yu Binxiong , Qiu Xudong , Zeng Bo , Cheng Jie , Xu Xiudong 
Published: March 2017

As to the problem that common high current fuses have a long cutout time at ms scale to protect the DC power source, an effective way for fast arc extinction and cutout of fuse is put forward in this study, based on the burst high‐pulse current discharge from a parallelly connected filter capacitor. Through increasing the discharge current from the filter capacitor, the total cutout time of fuse can be reduced from ms to 40 μs after the load of the DC800 V power source was shorted in experiment. The method for designing the crucial parameters of the short‐circuit fault protection in DC power source is also presented. Experimental results showed that the DC1500V/32A fuse with a single fuse body and solidified filling quartz sand can reduce the time before arc forms (Tf) and total cutout time (Te) to 30 and 44 μs, respectively. The effects of the shorted load impedance on the DC power source protection are also studied. It showed that the dynamic short‐load impedances formed by the breakdown semiconductor parts in short‐circuit faults were <25 mΩ, and the corresponding Te of fuse was compressed in the range between 50 and 90 μs.
Estimation of Relative Load From Bar Velocity in the Full Back Squat Exercise
Authors: Sánchez-Medina Luis , Pallarés Jesús , Pérez Carlos , Morán-Navarro Ricardo , González-Badillo Juan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe use of bar velocity to estimate relative load in the back squat exercise was examined. 80 strength-trained men performed a progressive loading test to determine their one-repetition maximum (1RM) and load-velocity relationship. Mean (MV), mean propulsive (MPV) and peak (PV) velocity measures of the concentric phase were analyzed. Both MV and MPV showed a very close relationship to %1RM (R2=0.96), whereas a weaker association (R2=0.79) and larger SEE (0.14 vs. 0.06 m·s−1) were found for PV. Prediction equations to estimate load from velocity were obtained. When dividing the sample into 3 groups of different relative strength (1RM/body mass), no differences were found between groups for the MPV attained against each %1RM. MV attained with the 1RM was 0.32±0.03 m·s−1. The propulsive phase accounted for ~82% of concentric duration at 40% 1RM, and progressively increased until reaching 100% at 1RM. Provided that repetitions are performed at maximal intended velocity, a good estimation of load (%1RM) can be obtained from mean velocity as soon as the first repetition is completed. This finding provides an alternative to the often demanding, time-consuming and interfering 1RM or nRM tests and allows implementing a velocity-based resistance training approach.
Why the US science and engineering workforce is aging rapidly
Authors: Blau David M. , Weinberg Bruce A. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
The science and engineering workforce has aged rapidly, both absolutely and relative to the workforce, which is a concern if the large number of older scientists crowds out younger scientists. Moreover, scientists are believed to be most creative earlier in their careers, so the aging of the workforce may slow the pace of scientific progress. We study the causes of this aging, showing that a substantial majority is a result of the aging of the large baby boom cohort of scientists, but the elimination of mandatory retirement in universities in 1994 was also an important factor. Strikingly, current patterns imply a steady-state mean age 2.3 y higher than the 2008 level of 48.6.
Form and function of topologically associating genomic domains in budding yeast
Authors: Eser Umut , Chandler-Brown Devon , Ay Ferhat , Straight Aaron F. , Duan Zhijun , Noble William Stafford , Skotheim Jan M. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
In metazoans, topological domains are regions in the genome that more frequently associate with themselves than with neighboring regions. These domains are important for regulating transcription and replication. However, topological domains were thought to be absent in budding yeast. Thus, we did not know the degree of conservation of topological organization and its associated functions. Herein, we describe the existence of topologically associating domains in budding yeast and show that these domains regulate replication timing so that origins within a domain fire synchronously. Our work showing conservation in budding yeast sets the stage to use yeast genetics to interrogate the molecular basis of the topological domains defining genome architecture.
Myosin-1E interacts with FAK proline-rich region 1 to induce fibronectin-type matrix
Authors: Heim Joel B. , Squirewell Edwin J. , Neu Ancilla , Zocher Georg , Sominidi-Damodaran Sindhuja , Wyles Saranya P. , Nikolova Ekaterina , Behrendt Nille , Saunte Ditte M. , Lock-Andersen Jorgen , Gaonkar Krutika S. , Yan Huihuang , Sarkaria Jann N. , Krendel Mira , van Deursen Jan , Sprangers Remco , Stehle Thilo , Böttcher Ralph T. , Lee Jeong-Heon , Ordog Tamas , Meves Alexander 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is an intensely studied protein involved in many medically relevant biological processes, including cancer. Despite the large interest in FAK, a promising strategy to target FAK therapeutically is elusive. Here, we show that a region within the FAK protein that contains autophosphorylation site tyrosine (Y) 397 is essential for FAK activity in vivo. Myosin-1E (MYO1E), an actin-dependent molecular motor protein, directly interacts with FAK to induce Y397 autophosphorylation, which, in turn, causes changes in gene expression commonly observed in aggressive cancer. Our findings are significant because they further delineate FAK function in vivo and identify the MYO1E–FAK interaction as a possible Achilles’ heel for cancer.
Optical visualization and quantification of enzyme activity using dynamic droplet lenses
Authors: Zarzar Lauren D. , Kalow Julia A. , He Xinping , Walish Joseph J. , Swager Timothy M. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
A nonfluorescence-based technology is introduced that can lead to visual detection of enzyme activity. These results represent a dramatically different paradigm for creating sensors based on dynamic liquid lenses with general utility.
Origins of house mice in ecological niches created by settled hunter-gatherers in the Levant 15,000 y ago
Authors: Weissbrod Lior , Marshall Fiona B. , Valla François R. , Khalaily Hamoudi , Bar-Oz Guy , Auffray Jean-Christophe , Vigne Jean-Denis , Cucchi Thomas 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Decreases in hunter-gatherer mobility during the Late Pleistocene altered relationships with animal communities and led to domestication. Little is known, however, about how selection operated in settlements of varying duration. This study of mice in modern African mobile settlements and ancient Levantine sites demonstrates competitive advantages for commensal mice when human mobility is low and niche partitioning with noncommensal wild mice when mobility increases. Changing mice molar shapes in a 200,000-y-long sequence from the Levant reveal that mice first colonized settlements of relatively settled hunter-gatherers 15,000 y ago. The first long-term hunter-gatherer settlements transformed ecological interactions and food webs, allowing commensal house mice to outcompete wild mice and establish durable populations that expanded with human societies.
Complement modulation in the retinal pigment epithelium rescues photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of Stargardt disease
Authors: Lenis Tamara L. , Sarfare Shanta , Jiang Zhichun , Lloyd Marcia B. , Bok Dean , Radu Roxana A. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
The complement system, a key component of innate immunity, is necessary to maintain tissue homeostasis. In the eye, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays a major role in controlling the immune response through expression of various complement negative regulatory proteins (CRPs). Here we identify that inappropriate activation of the complement cascade plays a role in the pathogenesis of recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1). Using the STGD1 mouse model, we show that overexpression of the complement receptor 1-like protein y, a major murine CRP, reduces complement attack on the RPE and rescues both bisretinoid accumulation and photoreceptor degeneration. Our data demonstrate that STGD1 presents with dysregulation of the complement system as also has been proposed for age-related macular degeneration, supporting a common etiologic pathway.
Long-term photometric behavior of the eclipsing cataclysmic variable V729 Sagittarii
Authors: Han Zhong-Tao , Qian Sheng-Bang , Fernández-Lajús Eduardo , Voloshina Irina , Zhu Li-Ying 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present the analysis results of an eclipsing cataclysmic variable (CV) V729 Sgr, based on our observations and American Association of Variable Star Observers data. Some outburst parameters are determined, such as outburst amplitude (An) and recurrence time (Tn), and then the relationship between An and Tn is discussed. A cursory examination of the long-term light curves reveals that there are small-amplitude outbursts and dips present, which is similar to the behavior seen in some novalike CVs (NLs). More detailed inspection suggests that the outbursts in V729 Sgr may be Type A (outside-in) with a rise time ∼1.76 d. Further analysis also shows that V729 Sgr is an intermediate between dwarf nova and NLs, and we constrain its mass transfer rate to $1.59\times 10^{-9}&lt;\skew5\dot{M}_{2}&lt;5.8\times 10^{-9}\,M_{\odot }\:$yr−1 by combining the theory for Z Cam type stars with observations. Moreover, the rapid oscillations in V729 Sgr were detected and analyzed for the first time. Our results indicate that the oscillation at ∼25.5 s is a true dwarf nova oscillation (DNO), being associated with the accretion events. The classification of the oscillations at ∼136 and 154 s as longer-period DNOs (lpDNOs) is based on the relation between PlpDNOs and PDNOs. Meanwhile, quasi-periodic oscillations with periods of hundreds of seconds are also detected.
Delayed Referral Results in Missed Opportunities for Organ Donation After Circulatory Death
Authors: Krmpotic Kristina , Payne Clare , Isenor Cynthia , Dhanani Sonny 
Published: March 2017

Objectives:
Rates of organ donation and transplantation have steadily increased in the United States and Canada over the past decade, largely attributable to a notable increase in donation after circulatory death. However, the number of patients awaiting solid organ transplantation continues to remain much higher than the number of organs transplanted each year. The objective of this study was to determine the potential to increase donation rates further by identifying gaps in the well-established donation after circulatory death process in Ontario.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Provincial organ procurement organization.

Patients:
Patients who died in designated donation hospitals within the province of Ontario, Canada between April 1, 2013, and March 31, 2015.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Of 1,407 patient deaths following planned withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy, 54.0% (n = 760) were medically suitable for donation after circulatory death. In 438 cases where next of kin was approached, consent rates reached 47.5%. A total of 119 patients became actual organ donors. Only 66.2% (n = 503) of suitable patients were appropriately referred, resulting in 251 missed potential donors whose next of kin could not be approached regarding organ donation because referral occurred after initiation of withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy or not at all.

Conclusions:
The number of medically suitable patients who die within 2 hours of planned withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy is nearly six times higher than the number of actual organ donors, with the greatest loss of potential due to delayed referral until at the time of or after planned withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy. Intensive care teams are not meeting their ethical responsibility to recognize impending death and appropriately refer potential organ donors to the local organ procurement organization. In cases where patients had previously registered their consent decision, they were denied a healthcare right.
Involvement of HSP70 and HO-1 in the protective effects of raloxifene on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome by endotoxemia in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Shen Hsin-Hsueh , Huang Shieh-Yang , Cheng Pao-Yun , Chu Yen-Ju , Chen Shu-Ying , Lam Kwok-Keung , Lee Yen-Mei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjective:Accumulating evidence demonstrates that raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, possesses anti-inflammatory action. This study evaluates the preventive effects of long-term treatment of raloxifene on acute inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats with endotoxemia and its underlying mechanism of action.Methods:Adult female rats were OVX bilaterally to induce estrogen insufficiency. OVX rats were administered with raloxifene (1 mg/kg, gavage, once daily) for 8 weeks, beginning 1 week after surgery, followed by induction of sepsis via intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharides (LPS; 30 mg/kg) for 4 hours. LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells were used to investigate the mechanism of raloxifene.Results:Ovariectomy amplified the endotoxemia-induced hypotensive effect, MODS, and superoxide anion production in the myocardium. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, high mobility group box 1, and nuclear factor-κB p65 protein increased in OVX rats 6 hours after LPS initiation. Raloxifene mitigated MODS, together with reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase induction and fewer superoxide anions in organs. Raloxifene induced high levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which are associated with an increase in the transcription factor heat shock factor-1 and Nrf-2, respectively. Pretreatment with quercetin, an inhibitor of HSP70, or SnPP, an inhibitor of HO-1, reversed the protective effects of raloxifene in septic OVX rats and LPS-activated macrophages.Conclusions:Long-term treatment with raloxifene reduces the severity of sepsis in OVX rats, attributed from up-regulation of HSP70 and HO-1 to exert the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. These findings provide new insights into bacterial infection during menopause and the molecular mechanism of raloxifene.
Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas: An Analysis Based on World Health Organization Classification and Ki-67 Proliferative Index
Authors: Belinsky Irina , Murchison Ann P. , Evans James J. , Andrews David W. , Farrell Christopher J. , Casey James P. , Curtis Mark T. , Nowak Choi Kamila A. , Werner-Wasik Maria , Bilyk Jurij R. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the clinical behavior of spheno-orbital meningiomas with regard to World Health Organization (WHO) tumor grade and Ki-67, a cellular marker of proliferation.

Methods:
A retrospective review over a 16-year period of the demographic, clinical, radiographic, and surgical data of all patients with spheno-orbital meningioma who underwent surgical resection. Tumor specimens were examined histologically using the current WHO 2016 classification and immunohistochemically using Ki-67/MIB-1 monoclonal antibody.

Results:
Thirty-eight patients met all inclusion criteria: 78.9% of tumors were WHO grade I with a mean Ki-67 of 3.76, and 93% of patients were clinically stable at last follow up; 10.5% of lesions were WHO grade II (atypical) with a mean Ki-67 of 14.93, and 10.5% of lesions were WHO grade III (anaplastic) with a mean Ki-67 of 58.3. All grade II and III meningiomas exhibited an aggressive clinical course. There were statistically significant correlations between disease clinical progression and WHO tumor grade (p < 0.001), between disease clinical progression and Ki-67 (p < 0.001), and between increasing Ki-67 index and higher WHO grade (p < 0.001). For WHO grade I lesions, a Ki-67 of ≥3.3 correlated with recurrence (p = 0.0256). Overall, disease-specific mortality occurred in 5 (13%) patients.

Conclusions:
Ki-67 index is a valuable marker to use in conjunction with WHO grade to predict meningioma behavior, particularly in histologically borderline lesions, and possibly to identify a subset of WHO grade I tumors at risk of recurrence. This combination of methods can aid in tailoring treatment and surveillance strategies.
The yield of endoscopic investigation for unintentional weight loss
Authors: Abu-Freha Naim , Lior Yotam , Shoher Shira , Novack Victor , Fich Alexander , Rosenthal Alexander , Etzion Ohad 
Published: March 2017

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the yield of endoscopic evaluation in isolated unintentional weight loss (UWL) patients compared with patients with weight loss and additional symptoms or signs.

Patients and methods
A retrospective review of all patients who underwent an endoscopic evaluation for the investigation of UWL at Soroka University Medical Center between 2006 and 2012. Data on clinical indication, endoscopic, and laboratory finding were retrieved. Severe inflammation, ulcers, achalasia, and neoplasias were considered clinically significant endoscopic findings (CSEF) that could explain weight loss. Detection rates of CSEF were compared between endoscopic studies for which UWL was the sole indication (group 1) and those performed for UWL and at least one other indication (group 2).

Results
During the study period, 1843 patients with UWL were evaluated with 2098 endoscopic procedures. Of these, 1540 underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and 558 underwent colonoscopy. EGD was performed in 229 (14.8%) patients in group 1 (mean age: 60.9±16.4, 43.3% men), and in 1311 (85.2%) patients in group 2 (mean age: 60.5±18.5, 45% men). Pathological endoscopic findings were identified in 712 (46%) EGDs. Of these, 155 (10%) studies detected significant outcomes: six (3.9%) in group 1 and 149 (96.1%) in group 2. Of the 558 colonoscopies performed, 105 (18.8%) were performed in group 1 (mean age: 61.7±17.5, 43% men) and 453 (82.2%) in group 2 patients (mean age: 62.9±14.6, 49% men). Abnormal findings were found in 190 (33.8%) of the procedures. CSEF were found in 34 (6%) patients: two in group 1 and 32 in group 2.

Conclusion
The diagnostic yield of endoscopy for investigation of patients with UWL is non-negligible, and should be considered as part of its baseline evaluation, especially in older individuals and those who present with other gastrointestinal manifestations.
Missed Fractures in Infants Presenting to the Emergency Department With Fussiness
Authors: Kondis Jamie S. , Muenzer Jared , Luhmann Janet D. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate incidence of prior fussy emergency visits in infants with subsequently diagnosed fractures suggestive of abuse.

Methods
This was a retrospective chart review of infants younger than 6 months who presented to the pediatric emergency department (ED) between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2011. Inclusion criteria included age 0 to 6 months, discharge diagnosis including “fracture,” “broken” (or break), or “trauma” or any child abuse diagnosis or chief complaint of “fussy” or “crying” as documented in the electronic medical record by the triage nurse.

Results
Three thousand seven hundred thirty-two charts were reviewed, and 279 infants with fractures were identified. Eighteen (6.5%) of 279 infants had a prior ED visit for fussiness without an obvious source. Of these, 2 had a witnessed event causing their fracture, and therefore the fracture was not considered concerning for abuse. The remaining 16 had fractures concerning for abuse. Mean age was 2.5 (SD, 1.2) months. Fifteen (83%) of 18 infants were 3 months or younger at the time of the fussy visit. The mean interval between the first and second ED visits was 27 days (median, 20 days). Thirty-nine percent were evaluated by a pediatric emergency medicine–trained physician during their initial fussy visit, whereas 78% were evaluated by pediatric emergency medicine–trained physician during their subsequent visit. Most common injuries were multiple types of fractures followed by extremity and rib fractures.

Conclusions
Fractures concerning for child abuse are an important cause of unexplained fussiness in infants presenting to the pediatric ED. A high index of suspicion is essential for prompt diagnosis and likely prevention of other abuse.
Gait Training With Visual Feedback and Proprioceptive Input to Reduce Gait Asymmetry in Adults With Cerebral Palsy: A Case Series
Authors: Levin Ilana , Lewek Michael D. , Feasel Jeff , Thorpe Deborah E. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of this case series was to investigate the feasibility of using visual feedback on gait asymmetry during gait retraining and whether this leads to reduced asymmetry, improvement in gait speed, cost of walking, and dynamic balance in ambulant adults with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods:
Five adults with CP, who were ambulatory and had step length or stance time asymmetry, trained for 18 sessions on a split-belt treadmill with concurrent visual feedback from a virtual environment. Training also included overground gait training to encourage transfer of learning.

Results:
All participants reduced gait asymmetry and improved on outcomes at posttest and follow-up.

Conclusions:
Outcome measures and training protocols were feasible in this sample of convenience of adults with CP who were ambulatory and who did not have visual impairment. The adults with CP in this study demonstrated individual improvements in gait and balance following training.