bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of intrabony nerve canals in mandibular interforaminal region by using cone‐beam computed tomography and a recommendation of safe zone for implant and bone harvesting
Authors: Yang Xiang‐wen , Zhang Fei‐fei , Li Yi‐han , Wei Bin , Gong Yao 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundCone‐beam computed tomography can accurately show anatomic structure of intrabony nerve canals in mandibular interforaminal region.PurposeThe aim was to evaluate the characteristics of intrabony nerve canals in mandibular interforaminal region by using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and determine a safe zone for implant and bone harvesting.Materials and methodsHemimandibles (824) CBCT images were obtained. The length of the anterior loop (AL), the length and diameter of the mandibular incisive canal (MIC) and its spatial distance in various landmarks were measured.ResultsThe prevalence of the AL was 93.57%, and the MIC was 97.33%. The mean lengths of the anterior extension of the anterior loop (aAL), caudal extension of the anterior loop (cAL) and the MIC were 2.53 ± 1.27 mm, 6.04 ± 1.66 mm, 9.97 ± 5.15 mm, respectively. The MIC was closer to buccal border and inferior margin of mandible. The length of the AL and diameter of the MIC varied with gender.ConclusionsThe safe zone recommended for implant surgery is 4 mm anterior and 8 mm inferior to the mental foramen, and 10 mm above the inferior margin of mandible. The chin bone should be harvested at least 10 mm below the tooth apices along with a limited depth of 4 mm.
Breeding Experience and not Age Modulates the Song Development of Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca)
Authors: Motes‐Rodrigo Alba , Labra Antonieta , Lampe Helene M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn songbirds, the development of the species‐specific adult song involves a learning process that varies in extension. In species that incorporate new song elements throughout life (open‐ended learners), variation in male song composition could be the result of either age or breeding experience. Using data from 16 yr of fieldwork on pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca), we aimed to disclose the individual contribution of these two factors on the species song characteristics, as well as their relation with morphology and plumage color changes. Finally, we explored whether any of the song or physical features could predict the probability of males returning to the breeding site. We found that the song characteristics of the first‐time breeders did not differ between age classes, except for the total number of syllables per song, which was higher in the 1‐year‐old than in the 2‐year‐old males. However, we found that song variables associated with complexity (song and sample versatilities and repertoire size), increased significantly from the first to the second breeding season. Males showed delayed plumage maturation, with 1‐year‐old males being browner than the 2‐year‐old males independently of their breeding experience. Morphology, however, was not affected by age or breeding experience. The probability that males returned to the breeding site was not associated with song or physical features. Considering that some song learning occurs during the breeding period and that some males may skip the first breeding season, selective pressures may have been established for song complexity to be an honest indicator of breeding experience rather than age.
Corporate Hedging and the High Idiosyncratic Volatility Low Return Puzzle
Authors: Chng Michael T. , Fang Victor , Xiang Vincent , Zhang Hong Feng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe literature offers various explanations to either support or refute the Ang et al. () high idiosyncratic volatility low return puzzle. Fu () finds a significantly positive contemporaneous relation between return and exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic idiosyncratic volatility. We use corporate hedging to shed light on this puzzle. Conceptually, idiosyncratic volatility matters to investors who face limits to diversification. But limits to diversification become less relevant for firms that consistently hedge. We confirm the main finding in Fu (), but only for firms that do not consistently hedge. For firms that adopt a consistent hedging policy, idiosyncratic volatility, whether contemporaneous or lagged, is insignificant in Fama–MacBeth regressions, controlling for size, book‐to‐market, momentum, liquidity, and industry effects.
Ageing and Terminal Illness: Problems for Rawlsian Justice
Authors: Davies Ben 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article considers attempts to include the issues of ageing and ill health in a Rawlsian framework. It first considers Norman Daniels’ Prudential Lifespan Account, which reduces intergenerational questions to issues of intrapersonal prudence from behind a Rawslian veil of ignorance. This approach faces several problems of idealisation, including those raised by Hugh Lazenby, because it must assume that everyone will live to the same age, undermining its status as a prudential calculation. I then assess Lazenby's account, which applies Rawls’ general theory of justice more directly to healthcare. Lazenby suggests that we should apply Rawls’ difference principle – which claims that any inequalities in social goods must benefit the worst off – to conclude that we should significantly prioritise treatment of young patients. I argue first that the existence of young terminally ill patients undermines a number of Rawlsian arguments for the difference principle. I then argue that the structure of ageing undermines the Rawlsian decision mechanism of the ‘veil of ignorance’ on which Lazenby relies. I conclude that age and terminal illness present significant problems for any comprehensive Rawlsian account of justice.
A new cave‐dwelling loach, Triplophysa xichouensis sp. nov. (Teleostei Nemacheilidae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: Liu S. W. , Pan X. F. , Yang J. X. , Chen X. Y. 
Published: February 2017

A new cave‐dwelling loach of the genus Triplophysa, T. xichouensis, is described from an outlet of a subterranean river in Xisa Town, Xichou County, Yunnan Province, China. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: dorsal‐fin rays iii, 8; anal‐fin rays ii, 6; pectoral‐fin rays i, 9 or 10; pelvic‐fin rays i, 5 or 6; branched caudal‐fin rays 16(8+8); eyes highly degenerated to a very tiny black dot; dorsal‐fin origin closer to snout tip than to caudal‐fin base and anterior to vertical line of pelvic‐fin origin; pectoral fin length about two‐thirds the distance between pectoral‐fin origin to pelvic‐fin origin; caudal peduncle slender, its length about three times its depth; caudal fin emarginate; body smooth and scaleless; lateral line complete and straight; anterior chamber of air bladder wrapped in dumbbell‐shaped bony capsule and the posterior one well developed, long, oval; intestine short, bending in zigzag shape behind stomach. A key for the cave‐dwelling species of Triplophysa is provided.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9162FFB1‐7911‐47C3‐AE50‐6A00E9590327
The Effect of Housing on Portfolio Choice
Authors: CHETTY RAJ , SÁNDOR LÁSZLÓ , SZEIDL ADAM 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTWe show that characterizing the effects of housing on portfolios requires distinguishing between the effects of home equity and mortgage debt. We isolate exogenous variation in home equity and mortgages by using differences across housing markets in house prices and housing supply elasticities as instruments. Increases in property value (holding home equity constant) reduce stockholdings, while increases in home equity wealth (holding property value constant) raise stockholdings. The stock share of liquid wealth would rise by 1 percentage point—6% of the mean stock share—if a household were to spend 10% less on its house, holding fixed wealth.
Contextual Correlates of Physical Activity among Older Adults: A Neighborhood Environment-Wide Association Study (NE-WAS)
Authors: Mooney Stephen J. , Joshi Spruha , Cerdá Magdalena , Kennedy Gary J. , Beard John R. , Rundle Andrew G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground: Few older adults achieve recommended physical activity levels. We conducted a “neighborhood environment-wide association study (NE-WAS)” of neighborhood influences on physical activity among older adults, analogous, in a genetic context, to a genome-wide association study.Methods: Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and sociodemographic data were collected via telephone survey of 3,497 residents of New York City aged 65 to 75 years. Using Geographic Information Systems, we created 337 variables describing each participant's residential neighborhood's built, social, and economic context. We used survey-weighted regression models adjusting for individual-level covariates to test for associations between each neighborhood variable and (i) total PASE score, (ii) gardening activity, (iii) walking, and (iv) housework (as a negative control). We also applied two “Big Data” analytic techniques, LASSO regression, and Random Forests, to algorithmically select neighborhood variables predictive of these four physical activity measures.Results: Of all 337 measures, proportion of residents living in extreme poverty was most strongly associated with total physical activity [−0.85; (95% confidence interval, −1.14 to −0.56) PASE units per 1% increase in proportion of residents living with household incomes less than half the federal poverty line]. Only neighborhood socioeconomic status and disorder measures were associated with total activity and gardening, whereas a broader range of measures was associated with walking. As expected, no neighborhood meaZsures were associated with housework after accounting for multiple comparisons.Conclusions: This systematic approach revealed patterns in the domains of neighborhood measures associated with physical activity.Impact: The NE-WAS approach appears to be a promising exploratory technique. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 495–504. ©2017 AACR.See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Population Sciences.”
Activated Platelets Induce Endothelial Cell Activation via an Interleukin-1β Pathway in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Nhek Sokha , Clancy Robert , Lee Kristen A. , Allen Nicole M. , Barrett Tessa J. , Marcantoni Emanuela , Nwaukoni Janet , Rasmussen Sara , Rubin Maya , Newman Jonathan D. , Buyon Jill P. , Berger Jeffrey S. 
Published: February 2017

Objective—
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with the premature development of cardiovascular disease. The platelet–endothelium interaction is important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the platelet phenotype from patients with SLE and matched controls, and their effect on endothelial cells.

Approach and Results—
Platelet aggregability was measured in 54 SLE subjects off antiplatelet therapy (mean age 40.1±12.8 years; 82% female; 37% white) with age- and sex-matched controls. Platelets were coincubated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and changes to gene expression assessed by an RNA array and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. SLE disease activity index ranged from 0 to 22 (mean 5.1±3.9). Compared with controls, patients with SLE had significantly increased monocyte and leukocyte–platelet aggregation and platelet aggregation in response to submaximal agonist stimulation. An agnostic microarray of HUVECs cocultured with SLE platelets found a platelet-mediated effect on endothelial gene pathways involved in cell activation. Sera from SLE versus control subjects significantly increased (1) activation of control platelets; (2) platelet adhesion to HUVECs; (3) platelet-induced HUVEC gene expression of interleukin-8, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1; and (4) proinflammatory gene expression in HUVECs, mediated by interleukin-1β–dependent pathway. Incubation of SLE-activated platelets with an interleukin-1β–neutralizing antibody or HUVECs pretreated with interleukin-1 receptor antibodies attenuated the platelet-mediated activation of endothelial cells.

Conclusions—
Platelet activity measurements and subsequent interleukin-1β–dependent activation of the endothelium are increased in subjects with SLE. Platelet–endothelial interactions may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in patients with SLE.
Use of a 3-Item Short-Form Version of the Barthel Index for Use in Stroke
Authors: MacIsaac Rachael L. , Ali Myzoon , Taylor-Rowan Martin , Rodgers Helen , Lees Kennedy R. , Quinn Terence J. 
Published: February 2017

Background and Purpose—
There may be a potential to reduce the number of items assessed in the Barthel Index (BI), and shortened versions of the BI have been described. We sought to collate all existing short-form BI (SF-BI) and perform a comparative validation using clinical trial data.

Methods—
We performed a systematic review across multidisciplinary electronic databases to find all published SF-BI. Our validation used the VISTA (Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive) resource. We describe concurrent validity (agreement of each SF-BI with BI), convergent and divergent validity (agreement of each SF-BI with other outcome measures available in the data set), predictive validity (association of prognostic factors with SF-BI outcomes), and content validity (item correlation and exploratory factor analyses).

Results—

From 3546 titles, we found 8 articles describing 6 differing SF-BI. Using acute trial data (n=8852), internal reliability suggested redundancy in BI (Cronbach α, 0.96). Each SF-BI demonstrated a strong correlation with BI, modified Rankin Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (all ρ≥0.83;
P
<0.001). Using rehabilitation trial data (n=332), SF-BI demonstrated modest correlation with quality of life measures Stroke Impact Scale and 5 domain EuroQOL (ρ≥0.50,
P
<0.001). Prespecified prognostic factors were associated with SF-BI outcomes (all
P
<0.001). Our factor analysis described a 3 factor structure, and item reduction suggested an optimal 3-item SF-BI comprising bladder control, transfer, and mobility items in keeping with 1 of the 3-item SF-BI previously described in the literature.

Conclusions—
There is redundancy in the original BI; we have demonstrated internal and external validity of a 3-item SF-BI that should be simple to use.
Total nitrogen dan fosfat di perairan Teluk Doreri, Kabupaten Manokwari, Provinsi Papua Barat, Indonesia (Total nitrogen and phosphorus in the Doreri Bay, Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province, Indonesia)
Authors: Alianto Alianto , Hendri Hendri , Suhaemi Suhaemi 
Published: February 2017

Total Nitrogen (TN) and Phosphate (TP) are the two bio-elements essential that determine the source of life in the waters, including marine waters. This study aims to determine the concentration of TN and TP in the Doreri Bay. The study was conducted from January to March 2012. The sampling of seawater in situ performed three times in the six research stations. Measurement of sea water samples also carried out ex-situ by using method persulphate and peroxidisulphate for each concentration of TN and TP. The measurement results obtained an average TN concentration ranging from 0.053 to 0.165 mg/L with a higher tendency at station 1, 2 and 5 respectively of 0.102 mg/L; 0.100 mg/L; and 0.165 mg/L. While TP concentrations ranged from 0.017 to 0.038 mg/L with a value equal concentrations tended at each station observations. The results showed the value of the concentration of TN tend to vary and TP relatively stable or not varies.Total Nitrogen (TN) dan Fosfat (TP) merupakan dua unsur bioelemen penting yang menentukan sumber kehidupan di perairan termasuk perairan laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi TN dan TP di perairan Teluk Doreri. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari 2012 sampai Maret 2012. Pengambilan contoh air laut dilakukan secara in situ sebanyak tiga kali pada enam stasiun penelitian. Pengukuran contoh air laut dilakukan secara eks situ, konsentrasi TN diukur dengan metode persulphate dan TP dengan metode peroxodisulphate. Hasil pengukuran diperoleh rata-rata konsentrasi TN berkisar dari 0,053 – 0,165 mg/L dengan kecenderungan lebih tinggi pada stasiun 1, 2 dan 5 dengan nilai konsentrasi secara berturut-turut sebesar 0,102 mg/L; 0,100 mg/L; dan 0,165 mg/L. Konsentasi TP berkisar dari 0,017 – 0,038 mg/L dengan nilai konsentrasi yang cenderung sama pada setiap stasiun pengamatan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan nilai konsentrasi TN cenderung bervariasi dan TP relatif stabil atau tidak bervariasi.
feature article: Cinematic worlding: Animating Karelia in Santra and the Talking Trees
Authors: Oisalo Niina 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In the Finnish short documentary Santra ja puhuvat puut (Santra and the Talking Trees) (2013), the director Miia Tervo travels to Russian Karelia in search of her roots in the cradle of Finno-Ugrian mythology and culture. She finds rune singer Santra Remsujeva and a sense of home that she has longed for. I suggest that Tervo uses filmmaking as a means to ‘take root’ by connecting with the mythical world of Karelia through a playful aesthetic that engages all the senses. The documentary weaves together the director/narrator’s intimate voice-over, observational scenes, animations with traditional cultural motifs, old ethnographic material and archival footage in a process of ‘cinematic worlding’. The cinematic rhythms and animated traces of the past create a sensory experience of Karelia – a slowly vanishing culture that Tervo revitalizes in an effort to find her place in the world.
Kajian Penentuan Arah Kiblat Secara Geodetis
Authors: Awaluddin Moehammad , Yuwono Bambang Darmo , Hani’ah Hani’ah , Wicaksono Satrio 
Published: February 2017

Kiblat merupakan arah penting Umat Muslim menghadapkan dirinya saat melakukan ibadah shalat. Pengukuran arah kiblat kemudian menjadi permasalahan ketika lokasi suatu tempat jauh dari Ka’bah karena tidak dapat dilakukan pengamatan penglihatan secara langsung. Oleh karena itu diperlukan metode yang tepat untuk menentukan arah kiblat di daerah yang jauh dari Ka’bah, dalam penelitian ini Kota Semarang. Makalah ini mengkaji besarnya perbedaan arah kiblat pada tiga bidang hitungan ellipsoid, bola dan Peta Mercator. Arah Kiblat pada ketiga bidang hitungan tersebut dibandingkan dengan arah kiblat hasil pengukuran rashdul qiblat. Arah kiblat hasil hitungan di atas ellipsoid yang sudah dikoreksi dengan di atas bola mempunyai perbedaan yang jauh lebih kecil yaitu sebesar 45,7” jika dibandingkan dengan arah kiblat pada Peta Mercator. Perbedaan arah kiblat di atas ellipsoid yang sudah dikoreksi dengan arah kiblat hasil rashdul kiblat di lapangan sebesar 00 7’ 58,24”. Sedangkan untuk selisih arah kiblat di atas bidang bola dengan azimut hasil rashdul kiblat sebesar 00 2’ 49,94”. [Title: Study of Geodetic Qibla Direction Determination] Qiblah is an important direction for Muslims exposes himself while performing prayers. Qiblah direction determination becomes a problem when the location of a place far away from the Kaaba. Therefore we need a method to determine the exact direction of Qibla in areas far from the Kaaba, in this study Semarang. This paper examines the difference of the direction of Qibla on three calculation surface: ellipsoid, spherical and mercator map. Then these Qibla direction accuracies on three calculation surface were compared with Qibla direction resulting from Rashdul Qibla Measurement. The difference of ellipsoid Qibla direction that has been corrected and spherical Qibla direction has a much smaller difference in the amount of 45.7 " compared with Mercator Qibla Direction. The difference of ellipsoid qibla direction and Qibla direction resulting from Rashdul Qibla Measurement is 00 7’ 58,24”. While the difference of spherical Qibla direction and Qibla direction resulting from Rashdul Qibla Measurement is 00 2’ 49,94”.
Travel Models for Corridors of Metropolitan Areas Served by Railways
Authors: Brzeziński A. , Jesionkiewicz-Niedzińska K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn recent years adverse processes of suburbanization have been observed in cities. It has become a serious challenge for urban and transport planners, as it influences largely the quality of space, the quality of life, and the cost of running the city. This paper is dedicated to travel models in areas serviced by a railway system, and is based on a real-life survey example of the Błonie community, a district belonging to the Warsaw metropolitan area. Research carried out in 2014 focused on combined travels behaviors recorded using GPS locators as well as quantitative research (volumes of users across various transport systems).
Moment Resistance of I-Section End-Plate Roof Girder Splices; A Case Study
Authors: Żółtowski K. , Kalitowski P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article deals with the problem of determining the resistance of end-plate connections. A nonlinear FEM model of the joint was constructed in order to predict its carrying capacity. A standard code procedure was done as well. The analyses have been done to assess atypical end-plate joints designed and constructed as a part of roof structures.
Training Level Does Not Affect Auditory Perception of The Magnitude of Ball Spin in Table Tennis
Authors: Santos Daniel P. R. , Barbosa Roberto N. , Vieira Luiz H. P. , Santiago Paulo R. P. , Zagatto Alessandro M. , Gomes Matheus M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Identifying the trajectory and spin of the ball with speed and accuracy is critical for good performance in table tennis. The aim of this study was to analyze the ability of table tennis players presenting different levels of training/experience to identify the magnitude of the ball spin from the sound produced when the racket hit the ball. Four types of “forehand” contact sounds were collected in the laboratory, defined as: Fast Spin (spinning ball forward at 140 r/s); Medium Spin (105 r/s); Slow Spin (84 r/s); and Flat Hit (less than 60 r/s). Thirty-four table tennis players of both sexes (24 men and 10 women) aged 18-40 years listened to the sounds and tried to identify the magnitude of the ball spin. The results revealed that in 50.9% of the cases the table tennis players were able to identify the ball spin and the observed number of correct answers (10.2) was significantly higher (χ2 = 270.4, p <0.05) than the number of correct answers that could occur by chance. On the other hand, the results did not show any relationship between the level of training/experience and auditory perception of the ball spin. This indicates that auditory information contributes to identification of the magnitude of the ball spin, however, it also reveals that, in table tennis, the level of training does not interfere with the auditory perception of the ball spin.
Improved algorithms for computing worst Value-at-Risk
Authors: Hofert Marius , Memartoluie Amir , Saunders David , Wirjanto Tony 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Numerical challenges inherent in algorithms for computing worst Value-at-Risk
in homogeneous portfolios are identified and solutions as well as words of
warning concerning their implementation are provided. Furthermore, both
conceptual and computational improvements to the Rearrangement Algorithm for
approximating worst Value-at-Risk for portfolios with arbitrary marginal loss
distributions are given. In particular, a novel Adaptive Rearrangement
Algorithm is introduced and investigated. These algorithms are implemented
using the R package qrmtools and may be of interest in any context
in which it is required to find columnwise permutations of a matrix such that
the minimal (maximal) row sum is maximized (minimized).