bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Place of Death of Individuals in a Home‐Based Primary and Palliative Care Program
Authors: Prioleau Phoebe G. , Soones Tacara N. , Ornstein Katherine , Zhang Meng , Smith Cardinale B. , Wajnberg Ania 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate factors associated with place of death of individuals in the Mount Sinai Visiting Doctors Program (MSVD).DesignA retrospective chart review was performed of all MSVD participants who died in 2012 to assess predictors of place of death in the last month of life.SettingMSVD, a home‐based primary and palliative care program in New York.ParticipantsMSVD participants who were discharged from the program because of death between January 2012 and December 2012 and died at home, in inpatient hospice, or in the hospital (N = 183).MeasurementsElectronic medical records were reviewed to collect information on demographic characteristics, physician visits, and end‐of‐life conversations.ResultsOf 183 participants, 103 (56%) died at home, approximately twice the national average; 28 (15%) died in inpatient hospice; and 52 (28%) died in the hospital. Bivariate analyses showed that participants who were white, aged 90 and older, non‐Medicaid, or had a recorded preference for place of death were more likely to die outside the hospital. Diagnoses and living situation were not significantly associated with place of death. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no statistical association between place of death and home visits in the last month of life (odds ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval = 0.52–2.77).ConclusionHome‐based primary and palliative care results in a high likelihood of nonhospital death, although certain demographic characteristics are strong predictors of death in the hospital. For MSVD participants, home visits in the last month of life were not associated with death outside the hospital.
Two‐Year Mortality in Homebound Older Adults: An Analysis of the National Health and Aging Trends Study
Authors: Soones Tacara , Federman Alex , Leff Bruce , Siu Albert L. , Ornstein Katherine 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the association between homebound status and mortality.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingAnnual, in‐person interviews.ParticipantsA nationally representative sample of community‐dwelling, Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older enrolled in the National Health and Aging Trends Study between 2011 and 2013 (N = 6,400).MeasurementsTwo‐year mortality and prevalence of homebound status in the year before death are described using three categories of homebound status: homebound (never or rarely left home in the last month), semihomebound (left home with assistance, needed help or had difficulty), and nonhomebound (left home without help or difficulty).ResultsIn unadjusted analyses, 2‐year mortality was 40.3% in homebound participants, 21.3% in those who were semihomebound and 5.8% in those who were nonhomebound. Homebound status was associated with greater 2‐year mortality, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and functional status (hazard ratio = 2.08; 95% confidence interval = 1.63–2.65, P < .001). Half of older community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries were homebound in the year before death.ConclusionHomebound status is associated with greater risk of death independent of functional impairment and comorbidities. To improve outcomes for homebound older adults and the many older adults who will become homebound in the last year of life, providers and policymakers need to extend healthcare services from hospitals and clinics to the homes of vulnerable individuals.
Palliative Care Consultations in Nursing Homes and Reductions in Acute Care Use and Potentially Burdensome End‐of‐Life Transitions
Authors: Miller Susan C. , Lima Julie C. , Intrator Orna , Martin Edward , Bull Janet , Hanson Laura C. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate how receipt and timing of nursing home (NH) palliative care consultations (primarily by nurse practitioners with palliative care expertise) are associated with end‐of‐life care transitions and acute care useDesignPropensity score–matched retrospective cohort study.SettingForty‐six NHs in two states.ParticipantsNursing home residents who died from 2006 to 2010 stratified according to days between initial consultation and death (≤7, 8–30, 31–60, 61–180). Propensity score matching identified three controls (n = 1,174) according to strata for each consultation recipient (n = 477).MeasurementsOutcomes were hospitalizations in the last 7, 30, and 60 days of life; emergency department (ED) visits in the last 30 and 60 days; and any potentially burdensome care transition, defined as hospitalization or hospice admission within 3 days of death or two or more hospitalizations or ED visits within 30 days. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate outcomes.ResultsResidents with consultations had lower rates of hospitalization than controls, with rates lowest when initial consultations were furthest from death. For instance, in residents with initial consultations 8 to 30 days before death, the adjusted hospitalization rate in the last 7 days of life was 11.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.8–12.4%), vs 22.0% (95% CI = 20.6–23.4%) in controls, although in those with initial consultations 61 to 180 days before death, rates were 6.9% (95% CI = 5.5–8.4%), vs 22.9% (95% CI = 20.5–25.4%). Potentially burdensome transition rates were lower when consultations were 61 to 180 days before death (16.2%, 95% CI = 13.7–18.6%), vs 28.2% (95% CI = 25.8–30.6%) for controls.ConclusionPalliative care consultations improve end‐of‐life NH care by reducing acute care use and potentially burdensome care transitions.
Unraveling the Relationship Between Delirium, Brain Damage, and Subsequent Cognitive Decline in a Cohort of Individuals Undergoing Surgery for Hip Fracture
Authors: Beishuizen Sara J. E. , Scholtens Rikie M. , van Munster Barbara C. , de Rooij Sophia E. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo assess the association between serum S100B levels (a marker of brain damage), delirium, and subsequent cognitive decline.DesignSubstudy of a multicenter randomized controlled trial.SettingSurgical, orthopedic, and trauma surgery wards of two teaching hospitals.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older (range 65–102) admitted for hip fracture surgery (N = 385).MeasurementsDuring hospitalization, presence of delirium was assessed daily. S100B was assayed in repeated serum samples. Twelve months after discharge, cognitive decline and mortality were evaluated. Cognitive decline was defined as an increase in Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline Short Form score of 1 standard deviation or more or a decrease in Mini Mental State Examination score of 3 points or more between admission and 12 months after discharge.ResultsPremorbid cognitive impairment was present in 226 (58.7%) participants, and 127 (33.0%) experienced perioperative delirium. Multivariable analysis showed that older age and presence of infection, but not of delirium, were associated with higher S100B levels. Levels were also higher after surgery than before. Of participants with perioperative delirium, 58.6% experienced cognitive decline or death, and only age was a risk factor; 36.5% of participants without perioperative delirium experienced cognitive decline or death in the following year, and higher S100B, premorbid cognitive impairment, and older age were risk factors.ConclusionIn a cohort of older adults with hip fracture, no association was found between serum S100B levels and occurrence of delirium. S100B was associated with cognitive decline or death in the first year after hip fracture only in participants without perioperative delirium. S100B seems to be of limited value as a biomarker of brain damage associated with delirium.
Alkaline phosphatase and OCT‐3/4 as useful markers for predicting susceptibility of human deciduous teeth‐derived dental pulp cells to reprogramming factor‐induced iPS cells
Authors: Inada Emi , Saitoh Issei , Kubota Naoko , Soda Miki , Matsueda Kazunari , Murakami Tomoya , Sawami Tadashi , Kagoshima Akiko , Yamasaki Youichi , Sato Masahiro 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to prove that primary cells enriched with stem cells are more easily reprogrammed to generate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells than those with scarce numbers of stem cells.MethodsWe surveyed the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in five primarily‐isolated human deciduous teeth‐derived dental pulp cells (HDDPC) with cytochemical staining to examine the possible presence of stem cells. Next, the expression of stemness‐specific factors, such as OCT(Octumer‐binding transcription factor)3/4, NANOG, SOX2(SRY (sex determining region Y)‐box 2), CD90, muscle segment homeodomain homeobox (MSX) 1, and MSX2, was assessed with a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method. Finally, these isolated HDDPC were transfected with plasmids carrying genes coding Yamanaka factors to determine whether these cells could be reprogrammed to generate iPS cells.ResultsOf the five primarily‐isolated HDDPC, two (HDDPC‐1 and ‐5) exhibited higher degrees of ALP activity. OCT‐3/4 expression was also prominent in those two lines. Furthermore, these two lines proliferated faster than the other three lines. The transfection of HDDPC with Yamanaka factors resulted in the generation of iPS cells from HDDPC‐1 and ‐5.ConclusionThe number of cells with the stemness property of HDDPC differs among individuals, which suggests that HDDPC showing an increased expression of both ALP and OCT‐3/4 can be more easily reprogrammed to generate iPS cells after the forced expression of reprogramming factors.
Software‐based measurement of thin filament lengths: an open‐source GUI for Distributed Deconvolution analysis of fluorescence images
Authors: GOKHIN DAVID S. , FOWLER VELIA M. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe periodically arranged thin filaments within the striated myofibrils of skeletal and cardiac muscle have precisely regulated lengths, which can change in response to developmental adaptations, pathophysiological states, and genetic perturbations. We have developed a user‐friendly, open‐source ImageJ plugin that provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for super‐resolution measurement of thin filament lengths by applying Distributed Deconvolution (DDecon) analysis to periodic line scans collected from fluorescence images. In the workflow presented here, we demonstrate thin filament length measurement using a phalloidin‐stained cryosection of mouse skeletal muscle. The DDecon plugin is also capable of measuring distances of any periodically localized fluorescent signal from the Z‐ or M‐line, as well as distances between successive Z‐ or M‐lines, providing a broadly applicable tool for quantitative analysis of muscle cytoarchitecture. These functionalities can also be used to analyse periodic fluorescence signals in nonmuscle cells.
Influence of walking speed on gait parameters of bipedal locomotion in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Wei Rui‐Han , Song Wei , Zhao Can , Zhao Wen , Li Li‐Feng , Ji Run , Rao Jia‐Sheng , Yang Zhao‐Yang , Li Xiao‐Guang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe primate model of bipedal locomotion has been extensively used to study human evolution and played a critical role in exploring the pathological mechanisms of human neurologic disease and spinal cord injury. Speed has great influence on both walking posture and gait parameters in human walking; however, how speed changes the gait pattern of bipedal locomotion in primates remains unclear.MethodsWe chose six adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and collected the gait parameters of these animals during their treadmill locomotion over a wide range of speed. Using a 3D motion analysis system, we studied the spatiotemporal characteristics of the gait pattern.Results and ConclusionsWe have built an efficient and time‐saving primate model and shown that speed significantly impacts kinematic parameters. This may present a thorough description of speed‐related changes in the gait pattern of rhesus and shed light on the control of bipedal locomotion in primates.
Cervical cytological abnormalities and human papilloma virus infection in women infected with HIV in Southern India
Authors: Thunga Suchitra , Andrews Anusmitha , Ramapuram John , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu , Kini Hema , Unnikrishnan B. , Adhikari Prabha , Singh Prakhar , Kabekkodu Shama Prasada , Bhat Samatha , Kadam Anagha , Shetty Avinash K 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine the association between CD4 count, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among HIV‐infected women.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 104 HIV‐infected women attending an antiretroviral therapy clinic. They underwent Pap smear and cervical HPV DNA testing.ResultsThe overall prevalence of HPV infection was 57.7%. HPV 16 was the commonest genotype found (38.5%); HPV 16 and 18 put together contributed to 73.3% of HPV infection; 27.5% of HIV‐infected women had squamous cell abnormalities. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was less likely among women with CD4 count > 500/mm3 (12%) and in those without opportunistic infections (17.8%). The prevalence of high‐risk HPV infection was higher in women with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or greater lesions (85.7%) as compared to women with normal cytology (52.1%).ConclusionThe high prevalence of HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV‐infected women warrants the need for regular Pap smear screening in these women and routine HPV vaccination for adolescents to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in India.
Paraaortic node recurrence 25 years after removal of epithelial ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Otsuka Isao , Shoji Kazufusa 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn epithelial ovarian carcinoma, very late (more than 20 years) recurrence is an unusual event. In patients experiencing such a recurrence, the effectiveness of platinum/taxane chemotherapy has been questioned. A 54‐year old woman presented with paraaortic node swelling that appeared 25 years after treatment of stage I epithelial ovarian carcinoma. She underwent a partial resection of the nodes and histologic examination showed high‐grade serous carcinoma. She received paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy and a partial response was initially observed on imaging studies; however, serum cancer antigen125 levels increased thereafter. She received radiation therapy to the paraaortic nodal disease with doses of 45 Gy and achieved a complete response. She was disease‐free more than eight years after the detection of recurrence. In conclusion, radiation therapy may be an effective treatment option in patients with very late recurrence of epithelial ovarian carcinoma refractory to platinum/taxane chemotherapy.
Addition of adjuvant progesterone to physical‐exam‐indicated cervical cerclage to prevent preterm birth
Authors: Jung Eun Young , Oh Kyung Joon , Hong Joon‐Seok , Han Bo Ryoung , Joo Jung Kyung 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of vaginal progesterone as an adjuvant therapy to physical‐exam‐indicated cervical cerclage (PEICC).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 53 consecutive singleton women who underwent PEICC because of acute cervical insufficiency at 17–24 gestational weeks. The study population was divided into two groups: the adjuvant progesterone group (n = 18) and the non‐adjuvant group (n = 35). A 200‐mg dose of vaginal micronized natural progesterone was administered after cerclage in the adjuvant progesterone group. Primary outcome measure was spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) at <36 weeks.ResultsThe SPTB rate at <36 weeks in the adjuvant group was significantly lower than in the non‐adjuvant group (17% vs 51%, P < 0.05). Adjuvant progesterone therapy was significantly associated with a reduction in SPTB at <36 weeks (adjusted odds ratio, 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.69, P < 0.05) even after adjusting for known covariates, including a visible membrane size of ≥4 cm, gestational age, prior SPTB, and use of amnioreduction. The frequency of SPTB at <32 weeks, birthweight < 2500 g, and neonatal intensive care unit admission was significantly lower in the adjuvant progesterone group than in the non‐adjuvant group (P < 0.05 for all).ConclusionAdjuvant vaginal progesterone therapy with PEICC was associated with reductions in SPTB, low birthweight, and neonatal intensive care unit admission.
Spontaneous parasitic leiomyoma in a post‐partum woman
Authors: Iida Mana , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Shozu Makio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe report a case of spontaneous parasitic leiomyoma in a 30‐year‐old post‐partum woman. A subserosal leiomyoma had been noted at the first trimester screening, and she had experienced persistent abdominal pain during her previous pregnancy. She was referred to hospital with severe abdominal pain at 7 months after delivery. We detected a homogenous solid tumor that resembled the subserosal leiomyoma but was completely detached from the uterus. On laparoscopy the vascularization of the tumor was supplied from the omentum, which was tightly adherent to the tumor. Histopathologically, the tumor was surrounded by a fibrous vascular capsule, and broadly hyalinized and partially calcified, consistent with a degenerated uterine leiomyoma. Detachment of a pedunculated subserosal leiomyoma from the uterus following adhesion to other pelvic structures throughout pregnancy may result in a parasitic leiomyoma, a rare subtype of uterine leiomyoma.
C‐peptide and diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Brunskill N. J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractKidney disease is a serious development in diabetes mellitus and poses an increasing clinical problem. Despite increasing incidence and prevalence of diabetic kidney disease, there have been no new therapies for this condition in the last 20 years. Mounting evidence supports a biological role for C‐peptide, and findings from multiple studies now suggest that C‐peptide may beneficially affect the disturbed metabolic and pathophysiological pathways leading to the development of diabetic nephropathy. Studies of C‐peptide in animal models and in humans with type 1 diabetes all suggest a renoprotective effect for this peptide. In diabetic rodents, C‐peptide reduces glomerular hyperfiltration and albuminuria. Cohort studies of diabetic patients with combined islet and kidney transplants suggest that maintained C‐peptide secretion is protective of renal graft function. Further, in short‐term studies of patients with type 1 diabetes, administration of C‐peptide is also associated with a lowered hyperfiltration rate and reduced microalbuminuria. Thus, the available information suggests that type 1 diabetes should be regarded as a dual hormone deficiency disease and that clinical trials of C‐peptide in diabetic nephropathy are both justified and urgently required.
Letting Oneself Go Isn't Enough: Cognitively Oriented Expressive Writing Reduces Preadolescent Peer Problems
Authors: Travagin Gabriele , Margola Davide , Dennis John L. , Revenson Tracey A. 
Published: September 2016

Peer problems are a stressor for many early adolescents, and simple cost‐effective tools for managing peer stress are needed. Expressive writing (EW) may be one such tool. With a sample of middle school children aged 12–14 years (n = 119; 53% males), this research evaluates whether cognitively oriented expressive writing (CEW), which focuses more on psychological self‐distancing, improves personal well‐being better than traditional EW, which focuses more on emotional disclosure. CEW—compared with EW—slightly enhanced long‐term social adjustment for the entire sample, and increased positive affect for those early adolescents that reported more peer problems at baseline. These findings suggest that structured writing instructions with early adolescents may be key to improvements.
The Effectiveness of a Parent Legislative Advocacy Program
Authors: Burke Meghan M. , Sandman Linda 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough parents of students with disabilities have several rights accorded by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), they infrequently participate in legislative advocacy. Given that Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is expected to be reauthorized within the next few years, it is necessary to educate parents of students with disabilities to engage in broader systemic change. Using a culturally and linguistically diverse sample, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a parent advocacy program. We examined whether the program increased the empowerment, knowledge, and motivation of the participants. We also examined the long‐term effects of the advocacy program. Using pre‐ and postsurveys, we measured change in knowledge of special education and the legislative process, empowerment, and public service motivation of 41 participants in the program. We also conducted 6‐month, follow‐up surveys with 29 (70.7%) of the participants to measure their legislative advocacy activities. Results indicated that participants demonstrated significant gains in empowerment, knowledge (of special education and the legislative process) and public service motivation. Also, after attending the program, participants engaged in legislative advocacy. This study has important implications about parent legislative advocacy for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.
Acute sleep restriction increases dietary intake in preschool‐age children
Authors: Mullins Elsa N. , Miller Alison L. , Cherian Sherin S. , Lumeng Julie C. , Wright Kenneth P. , Kurth Salome , Lebourgeois Monique K. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryEpidemiological findings suggest short sleep duration is associated with overweight and obesity across the lifespan. In adults, experimental sleep loss increases caloric intake more than total daily energy needs, thus leading to weight gain. To date, little is known about the relationship between sleep restriction and dietary intake in preschool children. Healthy children (n = 10; 41.2 ± 5.4 months; 5 females) followed a strict sleep schedule for 5 days before each experimental condition: 1 day of baseline sleep (nap and scheduled bedtime/wake time) and 1 day of sleep restriction (no‐nap and ~2.3 h bedtime delay). Standardized parent‐report dietary intake measures were obtained on baseline, sleep restriction and sleep recovery (ad libitum sleep opportunity in the 24‐h following sleep restriction) days. As designed, children slept ~3 h less on the sleep restriction than the baseline day (P < 0.001), with no significant differences in sleep between baseline and recovery days (verified with actigraphy). Repeated‐measures anovas indicated differences across conditions in total kilocalories, sugar, carbohydrate and fat intake (all P < 0.05; no differences in protein). Post hoc tests revealed that compared with baseline, children consumed 21% more kilocalories, 25% more sugar and 26% more carbohydrates on the day of sleep restriction, as well as 14% more kilocalories and 23% more fat on the day of sleep recovery (all P < 0.05). Findings suggest that acute sleep loss increases dietary intake in preschoolers both on the day of and the day after sleep restriction. Increased kilocalorie intake may promote weight gain over time and be a mechanism through which short sleep contributes to childhood obesity risk.