bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Comparison of Enzyme Immobilization Strategies for Glucose Biosensing in Real‐Time Using Fast‐Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Coupled with Carbon‐Fiber Microelectrodes
Authors: Smith Samantha K. , Lugo‐Morales Leyda Z. , Tang C. , Gosrani Saahj P. , Lee Christie A. , Roberts James G. , Morton Stephen W. , McCarty Gregory S. , Khan Saad A. , Sombers Leslie A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractElectrochemical monitoring of non‐electroactive species requires a biosensor that is stable and selective, with sensitivity to physiological concentrations of targeted analytes. We have combined glucose oxidase‐modified carbon‐fiber microelectrodes with fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry for real‐time measurements of glucose fluctuations in brain tissue. Work presented herein quantitatively compares three approaches to enzyme immobilization on the microelectrode surface—physical adsorption, hydrogel entrapment, and entrapment in electrospun nanofibers. The data suggest that each of these methods can be used to create functional microbiosensors. Immobilization of glucose oxidase by physical adsorption generates a biosensor with poor sensitivity to glucose and unstable performance. Entrapment of glucose oxidase in poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers generates microbiosensors that are effective for glucose measurements over a large linear range, and that may be particularly useful when targeting glucose concentrations in excess of 3 mm, such as in blood. Hydrogel entrapment is the most effective in terms of sensitivity and stability. These microbiosensors can be used for simultaneous monitoring of glucose and dopamine in real time. The findings outlined herein should be applicable to other oxidase enzymes, and thus they are broadly important for the development of new tools for real‐time measurements of fluctuating molecules that are not inherently electroactive.
Response Improvement of Microstrip Line Microwave and Milliwave Phase Shifter Utilizing Polymer Stabilized Nematic Liquid Crystal with UV Polymerization
Authors: BUI VAN BAO , INOUE YO , HIGUCHI HIROKI , KIKUCHI HIROTSUGU , MORITAKE HIROSHI 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYWith nowadays development of cellular phones and satellite communications, liquid crystal materials have attracted considerable attention for realizing these electrically controllable microwave and milliwave components. As usual, nematic liquid crystal is mainly used for microstrip line (MSL) phase shifter, but when driving voltage is removed, the response time is very long. In this study, we discuss application of polymer stabilized nematic liquid crystals with UV polymerization for improving the response time in MSL phase shifter in which phase shift is about two times larger than that in CPW phase shifter.
Development of Self‐Heated Stage Suitable for Thermal Assist Reactive Ion Etching of the Functional Metals
Authors: MURATA YUKI , HAN GANG , OHKAWA DAIKI , IMAI JUNICHI , SOHGAWA MASAYUKI , ABE TAKASHI 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYThis paper describes development of self‐heated stage suitable for thermal reactive ion etching (TRIE) of the functional metals. TRIE was evaluated using both experiments and simulations for etching functional metals. The self‐heated stage was designed based on the simulation results. TRIE employs a self‐heated stage which is thermally insulated aluminum plate as the etching stage of a regular RIE apparatus. The stage temperature increases rapidly within 10 min and etch rate does not depend on process time. TRIE technique was used to etch various kinds of functional metals: Ti, Mo, Ta, Nb, and Ti alloy (Ti‐6Al‐4V). It did improve the etching rate of these materials greatly.
Hyaluronan‐binding by CD44 reduces the memory potential of activated murine CD8 T cells
Authors: Lee‐Sayer Sally S. M. , Maeshima Nina , Dougan Meghan N. , Dahiya Anita , Arif Arif A. , Dosanjh Manisha , Maxwell Christopher A. , Johnson Pauline 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExpansion and death of effector CD8 T cells are regulated to limit immunopathology and cells that escape contraction go on to generate immunological memory. CD44, a receptor for the extracellular matrix component hyaluronan, is a marker of activated and memory T cells. Here, we show with a murine model that the increase in CD44 expression and hyaluronan binding induced upon CD8 T cell activation was proportional to the strength of TCR engagement, thereby identifying the most strongly activated T cells. When CD44−/− and CD44+/+ OT‐I CD8 T cells were adoptively transferred into mice challenged with Listeria‐OVA, there was a slight increase in the percentage of CD44+/+ cells at the effector site. However, CD44+/+ cells were out‐competed by CD44−/− cells after the contraction phase in the lymphoid tissues, and the CD44−/− cells preferentially formed more memory cells. The hyaluronan‐binding CD44+/+ CD8 effector T cells showed increased pAkt expression, higher glucose uptake, and were more susceptible to cell death during the contraction phase compared to non‐binding CD44+/+ and CD44−/− OT‐I CD8 T cells, suggesting that CD44 and its engagement with hyaluronan skews CD8 T cells toward a terminal effector differentiation state that reduces their ability to form memory cells.
Copper‐based Metal‐organic Framework for Non‐enzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Glucose
Authors: Sun Yanmei , Li Yaxiang , Wang Nan , Xu Qing Qing , Xu Ling , Lin Meng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA non‐enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on a Cu‐based metal‐organic framework (Cu‐MOF) modified electrode was developed. The Cu‐MOF was prepared by a simple ionothermal synthesis, and the characterizations of the Cu‐MOF were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), single‐crystal X‐ray powder diffraction (SCXRD), and X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical behaviors of the Cu‐MOF modified electrode to glucose were measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrochemical results showed that the Cu‐MOF modified electrode exhibited an excellent electro‐catalytic oxidation towards glucose in the range of 0.06 μM to 5 mM with a sensitivity of 89 μA/mM cm2 and a detection limit of 10.5 nM. Moreover, the fabricated sensor showed a high selectivity to the oxidation of glucose in coexistence with other interferences. The sensor was satisfactorily applied to the determination of glucose in urine samples. With the significant electrochemical performances, MOFs may provide a suitable platform in the construction of kinds of electrochemical sensors and/or biosensors and hold a great promise for sensing applications.
Multiple Amplified Electrochemical Detection of MicroRNA‐21 Using Hierarchical Flower‐like Gold Nanostructures Combined with Gold‐enriched Hybridization Chain Reaction
Authors: Zhu Dan , Liu Wei , Cao Wenfang , Chao Jie , Su Shao , Wang Lianhui , Fan Chunhai 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this work, we present a multiple amplified electrochemical method that can detect target microRNA‐21 (miRNA‐21) with high sensitivity by using hierarchical flower‐like gold nanostructures (HFGNs) and gold‐enriched enzyme‐free amplification. The HFGNs deposited on ITO conducting glass served as the electrode substrate with large specific surface area, which allowed the immobilization of large amounts of capture DNA (DNA‐1). Then, the gold‐enriched hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for signal amplification was attached onto the electrode through target miRNA‐mediated sandwich hybridization. The initial strands (I‐DNA) enriched on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) provided plenty of sites for the triggering of the HCR reaction after the addition of H1 and H2 strands, which provided exponential increase of binding sites for the loading of electrochemical signal molecules [Ru(NH3)6]3+. Therefore, multiple signal amplification could be achieved to reach an ultrasensitive detection of miRNA‐21. A wide linear dynamic range from 1 fM to 1 nM and a detection limit of 0.12 fM (S/N=3) was reached with good selectivity. The electrochemical assay method in this work may hold a great potential for clinical diagnosis of genetic disease in the future.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of an Apatite‐Type Lanthanum Silicate Ceramic for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrolyte Applications
Authors: Jena Paramananda , Patro Pankaj K. , Sinha Amit , Lenka Raja K. , Singh Akhilesh Kumar , Mahata Tarasankar , Sinha Pankaj K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractApatite‐type lanthanum silicate (La10Si6O27; LS) nanopowders are synthesized using a hydrothermal process and used for the electrolyte applications in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The synthesized nanopowders are characterized by Rietveld refinement of the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data, SEM–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), TEM, and dialotometry. The prepared nanopowders can be sintered to near theoretical density at sintering temperature of 1500 °C. Reactivity studies between the synthesized La10Si6O27 material and cathode materials such as La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF), Nd2NiO4 (NNO), and Pr2NiO4 (PNO), are carried out by XRD analysis revealing that they do not react. Symmetric cells are fabricated and characterized electrochemically. The area specific resistances for LSCF, NNO, PNO, and PNO‐LS (1:1 (wt %)) measured at 900 οC, are 100, 2.2, 1.8, and 0.5 Ω cm2, respectively. EDS analysis shows that interdiffusion of cations at the cathode–electrolyte interface is not detected for LS/PNO, which is attributed to the low area‐specific resistance values. The results demonstrate that Pr2NiO4 and the composites are promising cathode materials for the apatite‐type lanthanum silicate electrolyte for SOFC applications.
Risk Factors for Eating Disorder Psychopathology within the Treatment Seeking Transgender Population: The Role of Cross‐Sex Hormone Treatment
Authors: Jones Bethany Alice , Haycraft Emma , Bouman Walter Pierre , Brewin Nicola , Claes Laurence , Arcelus Jon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMany transgender people experience high levels of body dissatisfaction, which is one of the numerous factors known to increase vulnerability to eating disorder symptoms in the cisgender (non‐trans) population. Cross‐sex hormones can alleviate body dissatisfaction so might also alleviate eating disorder symptoms. This study aimed to explore risk factors for eating disorder symptoms in transgender people and the role of cross‐sex hormones. Individuals assessed at a national transgender health service were invited to participate (N = 563). Transgender people not on cross‐sex hormones reported higher levels of eating disorder psychopathology than people who were. High body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, anxiety symptoms, and low self‐esteem were risk factors for eating psychopathology, but, after controlling for these, significant differences in eating psychopathology between people who were and were not on cross‐sex hormones disappeared. Cross‐sex hormones may alleviate eating disorder psychopathology. Given the high prevalence of transgender identities, clinicians at eating disorder services should assess for gender identity issues. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Computing spatially distributed sediment delivery ratios: inferring functional sediment connectivity from repeat high‐resolution digital elevation models
Authors: Heckmann Tobias , Vericat Damià 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHigh‐resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from repeat LiDAR (light detection and ranging) or SfM (structure from motion) surveys have become an important tool in process geomorphology. The spatial pattern of negative and positive changes of surface elevation on raster DEMs of difference (DoD) can be interpreted in terms of geomorphic processes, and has been used for morphological budgeting. We show how the application of flow routing algorithms and flow accumulation opens new opportunities for the analysis of DoD. By accumulating the values of the DoD along downslope flowpaths delineated on a DEM, these algorithms lend themselves to computing the net balance, i.e. sediment yield (SY), for the contributing area of each cell. Doing the same for the negative subset of the DoD yields a minimum estimate of erosion (E) within the contributing area. The division of SY by E yields (a maximum estimate of) the sediment delivery ratio (SDR), that is the proportion of material eroded within the contributing area of each cell that has been exported from that area. The resulting SDR is a spatially distributed measure of functional sediment connectivity. In this letter, we develop the computationally simple approach by means of an example DoD from a lateral moraine section in the Upper Kaunertal Valley, Austrian Central Alps. We also discuss advantages, assumptions and limitations, and outline potential applications to connectivity research using field‐, laboratory‐, and model‐based DoD. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of 1,8‐Cineole and (–)‐Linalool on Functional Brain Activation in a Working Memory Task
Authors: Ambrosch Susanne , Duliban Claudia , Heger Heike , Moser Ewald , Laistler Elmar , Windischberger Christian , Heuberger Eva 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSeveral studies have shown the influence of fragrances on attentional functions and affective state in humans. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the monoterpenoid compounds 1,8‐cineole and (–)‐linalool on the neuronal substrate of working memory, cognitive performance, physiological arousal, and affect. To this end, brain activation was assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 69 young healthy adults while they performed a 1‐back task during inhalation or dermal application of one of the fragrances. The functional activation data of 51 subjects were included in the statistical analysis. Each condition was compared with an appropriate placebo condition without any fragrances. In addition, heart rate and respiration rate were measured. Before and after fMRI, affective state was assessed by means of rating scales. The results showed significant functional changes in brain areas related to working memory as a function of both fragrance and administration. Specifically, relative to placebo dermal application of 1,8‐cineole increased brain activation in the frontal cortex, whereas dermal (–)‐linalool increased cerebral blood flow in the basal ganglia. However, no such changes were observed after inhalation. In addition, dermal (–)‐linalool decreased error rate in the working memory task, while 1,8‐cineole did not affect performance. No effects of fragrance administration were detected on physiological arousal or affective state. These findings demonstrate that fragrances differentially affect brain activation and working memory in humans and emphasize the importance of the mode of administration when studying the effects of odorants on human cognition.
Restructuring performance prediction with a rebalanced and clustered support vector machine
Authors: Li Hui , Hong Lu‐Yao , Mo Yu‐Chang , Zhu Bang‐Zhu , Chang Pei‐Chann 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper discusses whether asset restructuring can improve firm performance over decades. Variation in the stock price or the financial ratio is used as the dependent variable of either short‐ or long‐term effectiveness to evaluate the variance both before and after asset restructuring. The result is varied. It is necessary to develop a foresight approach for the mixed situation. This work pioneers to forecast effectiveness of asset restructuring with a rebalanced and clustered support vector machine (RCS). The profitability variation 1 year before and after asset restructuring is used as the dependent variable. The current financial indicators of the year of asset restructuring are used as independent variables. Specially treated listed companies are used as research samples, as they frequently adopt asset restructuring. In modeling, the skew distribution of samples achieving and failing to achieve performance improvement with asset restructuring is handled with rebalancing. The similar experienced knowledge of asset restructuring to the current asset restructuring is filtered out with clustering. With the help from rebalancing and clustering, a support vector machine is constructed for prediction, together with other forecasting models of multivariate discriminant analysis, logistic regression, probit regression, and case‐based reasoning. These models' standalone modes are used as benchmarks. The empirical results demonstrate the applicability of the RCS for forecasting effectiveness of asset restructuring.
Strategies for phasing and imputation in a population isolate
Authors: Herzig Anthony Francis , Nutile Teresa , Babron Marie‐Claude , Ciullo Marina , Bellenguez Céline , Leutenegger Anne‐Louise 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTIn the search for genetic associations with complex traits, population isolates offer the advantage of reduced genetic and environmental heterogeneity. In addition, cost‐efficient next‐generation association approaches have been proposed in these populations where only a subsample of representative individuals is sequenced and then genotypes are imputed into the rest of the population. Gene mapping in such populations thus requires high‐quality genetic imputation and preliminary phasing. To identify an effective study design, we compare by simulation a range of phasing and imputation software and strategies. We simulated 1,115,604 variants on chromosome 10 for 477 members of the large complex pedigree of Campora, a village within the established isolate of Cilento in southern Italy. We assessed the phasing performance of identical by descent based software ALPHAPHASE and SLRP, LD‐based software SHAPEIT2, SHAPEIT3, and BEAGLE, and new software EAGLE that combines both methodologies. For imputation we compared IMPUTE2, IMPUTE4, MINIMAC3, BEAGLE, and new software PBWT. Genotyping errors and missing genotypes were simulated to observe their effects on the performance of each software. Highly accurate phased data were achieved by all software with SHAPEIT2, SHAPEIT3, and EAGLE2 providing the most accurate results. MINIMAC3, IMPUTE4, and IMPUTE2 all performed strongly as imputation software and our study highlights the considerable gain in imputation accuracy provided by a genome sequenced reference panel specific to the population isolate.
White matter tauopathy: Transient functional loss and novel myelin remodeling
Authors: Jackson Joshua , Bianco Gabby , Rosa Angelo O , Cowan Katrina , Bond Peter , Anichtchik Oleg , Fern Robert 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEarly white matter (WM) changes are common in dementia and may contribute to functional decline. We here examine this phenomenon in an induced dementia model for the first time. We report a novel and selective form of myelin injury as the first manifestation of tauopathy in the adult central nervous system. Myelin pathology rapidly followed the induction of a P301 tau mutation associated with fronto‐temporal dementia in humans (rTG4510 line). Damage involved focal disruption of the ad‐axonal myelin lamella and internal oligodendrocyte tongue process, followed by myelin remodeling with features of re‐myelination that included myelin thinning and internodal shortening. The evolution of the re‐myelinated phenotype was complete in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus after 1 month and in the optic nerve (ON) after 9 months of transgene induction and proceeded in the absence of actual demyelination, reactive glial changes or inflammatory response. The initial rapid myelin pathology was associated with loss of WM function and performance decline in a novel recognition test and both these effects largely reversed during the myelin re‐modeling phase. The initial phase of myelin injury was accompanied by disruption of the vesicle population present in the axoplasm of hippocampal and ON axons. Axoplasmic vesicle release is significant for the regulation of myelin plasticity and disruption of this pathway may underlie the myelin damage and remodeling evoked by tauopathy. WM dysfunction early in tauopathy will disorder neural circuits, the current findings suggest this event may make a significant contribution to early clinical deficit in dementia.
Childhood abuse and late‐life depression: Mediating effects of psychosocial factors for early‐ and late‐onset depression
Authors: Wielaard Ilse , Hoyer Mathijs , Rhebergen Didi , Stek Max L. , Comijs Hannie C. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveChildhood abuse makes people vulnerable to developing depression, even in late life. Psychosocial factors that are common in late life, such as loneliness or lack of a partner, may explain this association. Our aim was to investigate whether the association between childhood abuse and depression in older adults can be explained by psychosocial factors.MethodsCross‐sectional data were derived from the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older Persons (aged 60‐93), including 132 without lifetime depression, 242 persons with an early‐onset depression (<60 years), and 125 with a late‐onset (≥60 years) depression. Childhood abuse (yes/no) and a frequency‐based childhood abuse index were included. Multinomial regression and multivariable mediation analyses were used to examine the association between childhood abuse and the onset of depression, and the influence of loneliness, social network, and partner status.ResultsMultinomial regression analyses showed a significant association between childhood abuse and the childhood abuse index with early‐ and late‐onset depression. Multivariable mediation analyses showed that the association between childhood abuse and early‐onset depression was partly mediated by social network size and loneliness. This was particularly present for emotional neglect and psychological abuse, but not for physical and sexual abuse. No psychosocial mediators were found for the association between childhood abuse and late‐onset depression.ConclusionsA smaller social network and feelings of loneliness mediate the association between childhood abuse and early‐onset depression in older adults. Our findings show the importance of detecting childhood abuse as well as the age at depression onset and mapping of relevant psychosocial factors in the treatment of late‐life depression.