bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early prognostic factors in septic shock cancer patients: a prospective study with a proteomic approach
Authors: Mokart D. , Saillard C. , Zemmour C. , Bisbal M. , Sannini A. , Chow‐Chine L. , Brun J.‐P. , Faucher M. , Boher J.‐M. , Toiron Y. , Chabannon C. , Borg J.‐P. , Gonçalves A. , Camoin L. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundOrgan failures are the main prognostic factors in septic shock. The aim was to assess classical clinico‐biological parameters evaluating organ dysfunctions at intensive care unit admission, combined with proteomics, on day‐30 mortality in critically ill onco‐hematology patients admitted to the intensive care unit for septic shock.MethodsThis was a prospective monocenter cohort study. Clinico‐biological parameters were collected at admission. Plasma proteomics analyses were performed, including protein profiling using isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) and subsequent validation by ELISA.ResultsSixty consecutive patients were included. Day‐30 mortality was 47%. All required vasopressors, 32% mechanical ventilation, 33% non‐invasive ventilation and 13% renal‐replacement therapy. iTRAQ‐based proteomics identified von Willebrand factor as a protein of interest. Multivariate analysis identified four factors independently associated with day‐30 mortality: positive fluid balance in the first 24 h (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01–1.12, P = 0.02), severe acute respiratory failure (odds ratio = 6.14, 95% CI = 1.04–36.15, P = 0.04), von Willebrand factor plasma level > 439 ng/ml (odds ratio = 9.7, 95% CI = 1.52–61.98, P = 0.02), and bacteremia (odds ratio = 6.98, 95% CI = 1.17–41.6, P = 0.03).ConclusionEndothelial dysfunction, revealed by proteomics, appears as an independent prognostic factor on day‐30 mortality, as well as hydric balance, acute respiratory failure and bacteremia, in critically ill cancer patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Endothelial failure is underestimated in clinical practice and represents an innovative therapeutic target.
Ventilation strategy and anesthesia management in patients with severe tracheal stenosis undergoing urgent tracheal stenting
Authors: Zhu J.‐H. , Lei M. , Chen E.‐G. , Qiao Q. , Zhong T.‐D. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundStenting of airway stenosis is a common procedure in specialized centers. The aim of this study was to summarize our clinical experience in ventilation strategy and anesthesia management of patients undergoing urgent tracheal stenting.MethodsClinical data of 22 patients with severe tracheal stenosis who underwent urgent endoscopic placement of a tracheal stent during a 2‐year period were retrospectively reviewed. The efficacy and safety of different ventilation strategies and veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), individualized based on the cause and location of tracheal narrowing, were evaluated.ResultsSufficient ventilation was successfully established in all patients; ECMO was used in five patients with stenosis in the mid‐trachea who were unable to tolerate conventional intubation; a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was used in five patients with post‐intubation tracheal stenosis; a cuffed tracheal tube was used in eight patients with lower tracheal stenosis; and low‐frequency jet ventilation in rigid bronchoscopy was used in four patients with mid‐ or lower tracheal stenosis. Tracheal stents were successfully placed and there were significant improvements in dyspnea. There were significant increases in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in patients ventilated with the LMA and cuffed tracheal tube. There was no hypoxia during the operative period.ConclusionEstablishment of effective airway ventilation in patients with severe tracheal stenosis should be based on the cause, location, and severity of tracheal narrowing. Veno‐ arterial ECMO may be considered in patients with severe stenosis, if they are judged unable to tolerate conventional ventilation or jet ventilation.
Aprepitant as a fourth antiemetic prophylactic strategy in high‐risk patients: a double‐blind, randomized trial
Authors: de Morais L. C. , Sousa A. M. , Flora G. F. , Grigio T. R. , Guimarães G. M. N. , Ashmawi H. A. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundPost‐operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most important causes of patient discomfort after laparoscopic surgeries despite the use of a multimodal pharmacological approach. This study assessed whether the addition of aprepitant to a multimodal regimen would further decrease the incidence of PONV in high‐risk patients.MethodsApfel‐score three or four patients, scheduled for laparoscopic procedures to treat abdominal or pelvic cancer, were randomized to receive oral starch (control group) or 80 mg of oral aprepitant (treatment group) before induction of anaesthesia in a double‐blind study. All patients received 4–8 mg of intravenous dexamethasone (at induction) and 4–8 mg of ondansetron (at the end) and a standardized total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) technique combined with neuraxial blockade. PONV was defined as any episode of nausea, vomiting or retching in the first 24 h after anaesthesia.ResultsSixty‐six patients completed the study. Vomiting occurred in 13/32 (40.6%) patients in the control group and in 1/34 (2.9%) patients in the treatment group (P = 0.0002, 95%CI: 18–54%) in the first 24 h after anaesthesia. Severe nausea occurred in two (6.3%) patients, and severe vomiting occurred in four (12.5%) patients in the control group. One patient presented with severe vomiting in the treatment group in the first 24 post‐operative hours.ConclusionEighty milligrams of aprepitant added to a three‐drug multimodal prophylaxis strategy can bring benefits to a high‐risk population by reducing PONV episodes and rescue antiemetic requirements. This study was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 02357693) database.
Beyond genome‐wide significance: integrative approaches to the interpretation and extension of GWAS findings for alcohol use disorder
Authors: Salvatore Jessica E. , Han Shizhong , Farris Sean P. , Mignogna Kristin M. , Miles Michael F. , Agrawal Arpana 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a heritable complex behavior. Due to the highly polygenic nature of AUD, identifying genetic variants that comprise this heritable variation has proved to be challenging. With the exception of functional variants in alcohol metabolizing genes (e.g. ADH1B and ALDH2), few other candidate loci have been confidently linked to AUD. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of AUD and other alcohol‐related phenotypes have either produced few hits with genome‐wide significance or have failed to replicate on further study. These issues reinforce the complex nature of the genetic underpinnings for AUD and suggest that both GWAS studies with larger samples and additional analysis approaches that better harness the nominally significant loci in existing GWAS are needed. Here, we review approaches of interest in the post‐GWAS era, including in silico functional analyses; functional partitioning of single nucleotide polymorphism heritability; aggregation of signal into genes and gene networks; and validation of identified loci, genes and gene networks in postmortem brain tissue and across species. These integrative approaches hold promise to illuminate our understanding of the biological basis of AUD; however, we recognize that the main challenge continues to be the extremely polygenic nature of AUD, which necessitates large samples to identify multiple loci associated with AUD liability.
Chemogenetic inhibition of direct pathway striatal neurons normalizes pathological, cue‐induced reinstatement of drug‐seeking in rats
Authors: Yager Lindsay M. , Garcia Aaron F. , Donckels Elizabeth A. , Ferguson Susan M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAddiction to drugs such as cocaine is marked by cycles of compulsive drug‐taking and drug‐seeking behavior. Although the transition to addiction is thought to recruit neural processes in dorsal striatum, little is known regarding the role of dorsal striatal projections to the substantia nigra (i.e. the direct pathway) in regulating these behaviors. Combining a Cre‐recombinase‐dependent chemogenetic approach with a cocaine self‐administration paradigm that produces both low‐risk and high‐risk addiction phenotypes, we examined the effect of transiently decreasing direct pathway activity in the dorsomedial striatum on drug‐taking and drug‐seeking under conditions of normal and pathological drug use. Surprisingly, transient inhibition of direct pathway striatal neurons had no effect on several measures of addictive behavior during ongoing drug use, including loss of control over drug intake, high motivation to obtain drug and drug use despite negative consequences (i.e. drug use paired with foot shock). However, chemogenetic inhibition of these neurons during reinstatement reduced cue‐induced drug‐seeking, but only in the high‐risk addiction phenotype group. Cue‐induced reinstatement was relatively normal in the low‐risk addiction phenotype group, as well as following reinstatement to cues associated with sucrose pellet consumption. These results demonstrate that dorsomedial direct pathway striatal neurons play a very specific role in addictive behaviors, which is to regulate the pathological drug‐seeking that accompanies relapse.
Time‐course and dynamics of obesity‐related behavioral changes induced by energy‐dense foods in mice
Authors: Espinosa‐Carrasco Jose , Burokas Aurelijus , Fructuoso Marta , Erb Ionas , Martín‐García Elena , Gutiérrez‐Martos Miriam , Notredame Cedric , Maldonado Rafael , Dierssen Mara 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObesity represents an important risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease. The current obesogenic environment with easy access to calorie‐dense foods is fueling this obesity epidemic. However, how these foods contribute to the progression of feeding behavior changes that lead to overeating is not well understood and needs systematic assessment. Using novel automated methods for the high‐throughput screening of behavior, we here examine mice meal pattern upon long‐term exposure to a free‐choice chocolate‐mixture diet and a high‐fat diet with face validity for a rapid development of obesity induced by unhealthy food regularly consumed in our societies. We identified rapid diet‐specific behavioral changes after exposure to those high‐caloric diets. Mice fed with high‐fat chow, showed long‐lasting meal pattern disturbances, which initiate with a stable loss of circadian feeding rhythmicity. Mice receiving a chocolate‐mixture showed qualitatively similar changes, though less marked, consisting in a transient disruption of the feeding behavior and the circadian feeding rhytmicity. Strikingly, compulsive‐like eating behavior is triggered immediately after exposure to both high‐fat food and chocolate‐mixture diet, well before any changes in body weight could be observed. We propose these changes as behavioral biomarkers of prodromal states of obesity that could allow early intervention.
Diversity patterns of selected predaceous arthropod groups in maize fields and margins in South African Highveld grassland
Authors: Botha Monique , Siebert Stefan J. , van den Berg Johnnie , Ellis Suria , Greyvenstein Bianca M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Conservation biological control focuses on enhancing arthropod predator habitats by increasing the natural resources required for survival and reproduction. However, this requires knowledge about the specific requirements of these predators, which can only be acquired from species‐level data.
We provide a description of species‐level diversity patterns of the arthropod predator groups Araneae, Coccinellidae, Mantodea and Neuroptera from maize agro‐ecosystems in South Africa.
Predators were sampled by sweep‐net at regional and local scales within the Dry Highveld Grassland Bioregion.
A list is provided of predators that occurred naturally inside maize agro‐ecosystems, which may be good candidates for the biological control of pests.
Diversity indices displayed significantly lower values in maize fields compared with uncultivated vegetation. Marginal and rangeland vegetation had similar diversity levels.
Predator diversity of maize was probably dependent on source populations from uncultivated vegetation, highlighting the importance of field margins with respect to maintaining predator diversity in pest management regimes for maize fields.
Some predators frequented maize fields, suggesting adaptability to agricultural disturbance. Generalists including Cheilomenes lunata, Chrysoperla congrua and Enoplognatha molesta may be suitable for conservation biocontrol because they can persist in annual agro‐ecosystems year‐round provided that they have access to field margins.
Solexa sequencing and custom microRNA chip reveal repertoire of microRNAs in mammary gland of bovine suffering from natural infectious mastitis
Authors: Ju Zhihua , Jiang Qiang , Liu Gang , Wang Xiuge , Luo Guojing , Zhang Yan , Zhang Jibin , Zhong Jifeng , Huang Jinming 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIdentification of microRNAs (miRNAs), target genes and regulatory networks associated with innate immune and inflammatory responses and tissue damage is essential to elucidate the molecular and genetic mechanisms for resistance to mastitis. In this study, a combination of Solexa sequencing and custom miRNA chip approaches was used to profile the expression of miRNAs in bovine mammary gland at the late stage of natural infection with Staphylococcus aureus, a widespread mastitis pathogen. We found 383 loci corresponding to 277 known and 49 putative novel miRNAs, two potential mitrons and 266 differentially expressed miRNAs in the healthy and mastitic cows’ mammary glands. Several interaction networks and regulators involved in mastitis susceptibility, such as ALCAM, COL1A1, APOP4, ITIH4, CRP and fibrinogen alpha (FGA), were highlighted. Significant down‐regulation and location of bta‐miR‐26a, which targets FGA in the mastitic mammary glands, were validated using quantitative real‐time PCR, in situ hybridization and dual‐luciferase reporter assays. We propose that the observed miRNA variations in mammary glands of mastitic cows are related to the maintenance of immune and defense responses, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and tissue injury and healing during the late stage of infection. Furthermore, the effect of bta‐miR‐26a in mastitis, mediated at least in part by enhancing FGA expression, involves host defense, inflammation and tissue damage.
Localization of amylin‐like immunoreactivity in the striped velvet gecko pancreas
Authors: Suzuki H. , Yamamoto T. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryImmunohistochemical techniques were employed to investigate the distribution of amylin‐like immunoreactive cells in the pancreas of gecko Homopholis fasciata. Four types of endocrine cells were distinguished: insulin immunoreactive (B cells), pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactive (PP cells), glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactive (A/PP cells) and somatostatin immunoreactive cells (D cells). Pancreatic islets contained B, A/PP and D cells, whereas extrainsular regions contained B, D and PP cells. In the pancreatic islets, amylin‐like immunoreactive cells corresponded to B cells, but not to A/PP or D cells. In the extrainsular regions, amylin‐like immunoreactive cells corresponded to either B or PP cells. Amylin secreted from intrainsular B cells may regulate pancreatic hormone secretion in an autocrine and/or a paracrine fashion. On the other hand, amylin secreted from extrainsular PP and B cells, and/or intrainsular B cells may participate in the modulation of calcium homoeostasis in an endocrine fashion.
Resveratrol induced apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma SGC‐7901 cells via activation of mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Yang Yining , Huang Xinen , Chen Senqing , Ma Guojian , Zhu Ming , Yan Feng , Yu Jun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundResveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound and its anticancer effect has been receiving considerable attention. Previous studies showed that resveratrol could inhibited the growth of human gastric carcinoma cells and apoptosis induction was an important mechanism. However, whether mitochondrial pathway was involved in resveratrol‐induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer was not very clear.MethodsThe cells were examined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Annexin V/PI staining assay, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cell morphological assessment, cytochrome c release assay, and Western blotting assay.ResultsIn this study, we found that resveratrol induced apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma SGC‐7901 cells. Cleaved PARP was observed and caspase‐3 was activated by resveratrol. Next, the mitochondrial membrane potential of cells dissipated after the cells were treated by resveratrol. Moreover, we found that pro‐caspase 9 was downregulated and cytochrome c released from mitochondrial to the cytosol. We also found that the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl‐2 was increased in the treated cells. We finally showed that resveratrol inhibited the proliferation of SGC‐7901 xerograph in vivo.ConclusionsCollectively, our findings demonstrate that resveratrol triggers apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in SGC‐7901 cells, which provide more basis for resveratrol acting as antitumor agents in cancer therapy.
Baseline patients’ characteristics as predictors for therapeutic survival and response in patients with psoriasis on biological treatments
Authors: Xie Kenneth K , Braue Anna , Martyres Raymond , Varigos George 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesBiological agents provide a relatively safe and promising long‐term therapeutic option for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis in whom conventional treatment has failed. However, these agents are not effective in all patients. We aimed to examine the association of baseline patients’ characteristics with the short‐term efficacy and the long‐term survival of biological therapies in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational study of all patients who received biological treatment for psoriasis at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (N = 146). We extracted data on the patients’ characteristics and medical history. The outcomes we measured included a 75% reduction in psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score at 12 and 24 weeks, the total duration of drug survival and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) scores. We used regression modelling to assess the association between each baseline patient‘s characteristic and outcome measures.ResultsAn increase in baseline body mass index was associated with a reduced likelihood of achieving PASI75 at 12 and 24 weeks (P = 0.014) and also correlated with reduced long‐term therapeutic survival (P = 0.03). High rates of treatment termination were noted in patients with greater baseline DLQI (P = 0.038).ConclusionGreater body mass index at the initiation of biological treatment for psoriasis may contribute to its decreased short‐term efficacy. Similarly, a high body mass index or DLQI at baseline was associated with a relatively short duration of biological treatment retention.
The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema—The 2017 revision and update
Authors: Maurer M. , Magerl M. , Ansotegui I. , Aygören‐Pürsün E. , Betschel S. , Bork K. , Bowen T. , Balle Boysen H. , Farkas H. , Grumach A. S. , Hide M. , Katelaris C. , Lockey R. , Longhurst H. , Lumry W. R. , Martinez‐Saguer I. , Moldovan D. , Nast A. , Pawankar R. , Potter P. , Riedl M. , Ritchie B. , Rosenwasser L. , Sánchez‐Borges M. , Zhi Y. , Zuraw B. , Craig T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare and disabling disease. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are essential. This update and revision of the global guideline for HAE provides up‐to‐date consensus recommendations for the management of HAE. In the development of this update and revision of the guideline, an international expert panel reviewed the existing evidence and developed 20 recommendations that were discussed, finalized and consented during the guideline consensus conference in June 2016 in Vienna. The final version of this update and revision of the guideline incorporates the contributions of a board of expert reviewers and the endorsing societies. The goal of this guideline update and revision is to provide clinicians and their patients with guidance that will assist them in making rational decisions in the management of HAE with deficient C1‐inhibitor (type 1) and HAE with dysfunctional C1‐inhibitor (type 2). The key clinical questions covered by these recommendations are: (1) How should HAE‐1/2 be defined and classified?, (2) How should HAE‐1/2 be diagnosed?, (3) Should HAE‐1/2 patients receive prophylactic and/or on‐demand treatment and what treatment options should be used?, (4) Should HAE‐1/2 management be different for special HAE‐1/2 patient groups such as pregnant/lactating women or children?, and (5) Should HAE‐1/2 management incorporate self‐administration of therapies and patient support measures?
Food allergen‐sensitized CCR9+ lymphocytes enhance airways allergic inflammation in mice
Authors: Castan L. , Cheminant M.‐A. , Colas L. , Brouard S. , Magnan A. , Bouchaud G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanisms of the atopic march, characterized by a natural progression from food and cutaneous allergies to rhinitis and asthma, are still unknown. However, as several organs can be involved, chemokines and their receptors might be implicated in this process and may be instrumental factors.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that the T‐cell gut‐homing receptor CCR9 could be implicated in the evolution of allergic diseases.MethodsWe characterized the immune response and the role of CCR9 in a murine model combining food allergy to wheat gliadin and a model of acute airways inflammation in response to house dust mite.ResultsCompared with solely asthmatic‐like mice, we demonstrated that the aggravation of pulmonary symptoms in consecutive food and respiratory allergies, characterized by an increase in pulmonary resistance and a higher Th17/Treg ratio, was abrogated in CCR9 knockout mice. Moreover, transfer of food‐allergic CD4+ T cells from wild‐type but not from CCR9−/− aggravated airways inflammation demonstrating that CCR9 is involved in food allergy‐enhanced allergic airway inflammation to unrelated allergens.ConclusionTaken together, our results demonstrated a crucial role of the T‐cell homing receptor CCR9 in this model and validated its potential for use in the development of therapeutic strategies for allergic diseases.
Depressed mood is associated with loss of productivity in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Campbell A. P. , Hoehle L. P. , Phillips K. M. , Caradonna D. S. , Gray S. T. , Sedaghat A. R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAllergic rhinitis (AR) is associated with significant decreases in quality of life and productivity losses. We hypothesized that symptoms of AR may differentially associate with lost productivity due to AR. We performed a cross‐sectional cohort study of 105 prospectively recruited patients with persistent AR. AR control, severity of depressed mood, and sinonasal symptoms were assessed with the Rhinitis Control Assessment Test (RCAT), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐2), and the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), respectively. Lost productivity was assessed by asking the number of days of work/school missed due to AR in the last 3 months. Patients missed a mean of 1.5 days (SD:2.9) of work or school. Lost productivity was associated with PHQ‐2 (adjusted linear regression coefficient [β] = .68, 95% CI: 0.20‐1.15, P = .007) analysis but not SNOT‐22 or RCAT scores. Productivity losses due to AR are associated with severity of depressed mood rather than classic nasal or extra‐nasal symptoms of AR.