bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who deserves economic relief? Examining Twitter/X debates about Covid-19 economic relief for small businesses and the self-employed in Germany
Authors: Hilmar Till 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The economic shock of the Covid-19 crisis has disproportionately impacted small businesses and the self-employed. Around the globe, their survival during the pandemic often relied heavily on government assistance. This article explores how economic relief to business is understood through the lens of deservingness in the public. It examines the case of Germany, where the government has responded to the pandemic by implementing an extensive support programme. Notably, in this context, the self-employed are typically outsiders to the state insurance system. Combining computational social science methods and a qualitative analysis, the article focuses on the debate about direct subsidies on the social media platform Twitter/X between March 2020 and June 2021. It traces variation in the patterns of claim making in what is a rich debate about pandemic state support, finding that this discourse is characterised by the concern that economic relief threatens to blur existing boundaries of worth in society. The reciprocity principle of deservingness theory is pivotal in asserting business identities in times of crisis, yet it also reveals a fundamentally ambiguous relationship with the principle of need. Additionally, the claim of justice-as-redress, as a novel dimension of reciprocity, surfaces as an important theme in this debate.
Constraints, suffering, and surfacing repertoires among Gambian migrants in Italy
Authors: Santello Marco 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article explores one underestimated aspect of language in migration settings, namely the experience of not being in full control of circumstances and doing. Recent research has indeed highlighted aspects such as transcendence of boundaries, hinting at a version of multilingualism among migrants that does not feature enough of their experience of constraints. In contrast, other scholars have emphasised structural inequalities often focusing on macro-social pressures that migrants have to navigate. Approaching lived experiences as they emerge while researcher and informant build rapport-in-talk, the study concentrates on a young Gambian in Italy. He speaks of a lack of institutional support and being in a position where certain languages cannot be used, despite concrete help from a local NGO and personal efforts. The data also show suffering beyond language-related constraints and the progressive mutual surfacing of linguistic repertoires in interaction, evidencing more broadly the merits of this type of qualitative study. (Migration, constraints, Gambia, Italy)*
Ceramides as the molecular link between impaired lipid metabolism, saturated fatty acid intake and insulin resistance: are all saturated fatty acids to be blamed for ceramide-mediated lipotoxicity?
Authors: Sergi Domenico , Zauli Enrico , Celeghini Claudio , Previati Maurizio , Zauli Giorgio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, posing a huge treat on people’s health and quality of life. From a pathogenetic prospective, T2DM is driven by insulin resistance defined as a blunted response of tissues to insulin which leads to chronic hyperglycaemia. Mechanistically, lipotoxicity and particularly the intracellular accumulation of ceramides in the skeletal muscle and the liver, is a primary metabolic aberration underpinning insulin resistance. Indeed, intracellular ceramide accumulation can hamper insulin signal transduction pathway thereby promoting insulin resistance. This review will provide an updated overview of the metabolic defects underlaying ceramide buildup and the molecular mechanism by which ceramides imping upon insulin signalling. Additionally, the role of specific ceramide subspecies as potential biomarkers for T2DM and the role of both long- and medium-chain saturated fatty acids as a modulator of ceramide metabolism will be discussed.
Rapids as compasses: the riverine environment, experiential knowledge, and steam navigation on the Upper Yangzi River
Authors: Pan Yiying 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
During the “steam century” between 1830 and 1930, major political and economic entities in Europe, Asia, and the Americas became increasingly connected by steam navigation and railway transportation. Against this global backdrop, steam navigation was established and became regular on the formidable Upper Yangzi River in China between the 1870s and the 1920s. This breakthrough hinged on developments in the methods of tackling rapids (tan) – fierce and unpredictable currents descending like small waterfalls. Previous studies have mostly focused on how agents of the British Empire and other imperial powers tried to solve such constraints in steam navigation through charts, sailing directions, and other initiatives to make the Upper Yangzi riverscape legible. Incorporating previously unused archives, this article highlights how local environmental and social conditions shaped the steam shipping system on the Upper Yangzi River. This article argues that rapids, as well as local boatmen's experiential knowledge of them, propelled British and other foreign agents to transform their ways of organizing steam shipping in terms of vessel design, crew recruitment, and infrastructure allocation. More broadly, this article exemplifies the need to look beyond imperial agents and employ more locally situated perspectives to explain the technological developments underlying the modern world.
Why so antisocial? Football ultras, crowd modalities, and atmospherics of discontent in public space
Authors: Jack Max 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As some of the most intensively devoted football fans in Germany, ultras coordinate crowd atmosphere in the arena to support their respective clubs on the field while actively positioning themselves against sport’s governing bodies, whom they see as corrupted by the strategies used to transform professional football from a game into a capitalist industry. Focusing on travel and transportation as a key feature of hardcore fandom, I examine the relationship between ultras’ activities in transit to games and their congregation in public spaces (on the streets, on trains, at rest stops, in stadia), in which quotidian ambience is often hijacked and repurposed as an estranged form of public address. I focus on the dynamic ways that ultras move through space as a means of charting the stages in which fan scenes become crowds, and crowds are mobilized as a means of protesting against the alienating dynamics of modern football, the contrasting stylistics of which result in divergent outsider interpretations and reactions from the state, the German Football Association (DFB), the media, and onlookers confronted by ultras’ public transgressions. Through the fan scene’s ability to coordinate movement and heighten bodily capacity, varied expressions of antisocial behavior become a means of harnessing fans’ own disaffection in a way that reclaims public space as it conjures a heightened emotive environment.
Modeling the Impact of Seasonal Water Table Fluctuations on Ambient Noise Interferometry Using Acousto‐Elastic Effect
Authors: Wang Y. , Schmittbuhl J. , Azzola J. , Mattern F. , Zigone D. , Lengliné O. , Magnenet V. , Vergne J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAmbient noise interferometry has become a common technique for monitoring slight changes in seismic velocity in a variety of contexts. However, the physical origin of the resolved small velocity fluctuations is not well established for long‐term seasonal effects. Here we propose a physical forward model of scattered waves in a deformable medium that includes acousto‐elastic effect, which refers to non‐linear elasticity with third‐order elastic constants. The model shows that small pressure perturbations of a few kPa due to seasonal variations in the water table can induce seismic velocity changes compatible with those measured at the surface by ambient noise interferometry. The results are consistent with field observations near the deep geothermal site of Rittershoffen (France). They illustrate the capability in modeling the diffuse wavefield from scattering synthetic waves to reproduce ambient noise signals for monitoring environmental and/or deep reservoir signals.
Modeling Radiation Belt Dynamics Using a Positivity‐Preserving Finite Volume Method on General Meshes
Authors: Peng Peng , Tao Xin , Peng Zong , Jiang Yan , Gao Zhiming , Yang Di , Albert Jay M. , Chan Anthony A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStandard finite volume or finite difference methods may produce unphysical negative solutions of phase space density when applied to radiation belt diffusion equation with cross diffusion terms. In this work, we apply a recently proposed positivity‐preserving finite volume (PPFV) method to a 2D diffusion problem of radiation belt electrons with both structured and unstructured meshes. Our test using a model problem shows that the new method does not produce unphysical negative solutions with both types of meshes even with strong cross‐diffusion terms. By applying the method to the 2D pitch angle and energy diffusion problem, we demonstrate that the method achieves positivity of solutions without requiring excessive number of grid points and shows good agreement with previous results obtained using a layer method. The ability of preserving positivity of the solution with unstructured meshes allows the method to handle complex boundary configurations. Our results suggest that the new PPFV method could be useful in modeling radiation belt diffusion processes or in building a physics‐based forecast model.
Bioinspired adaptable multiplanar mechano-vibrotactile haptic system
Authors: Abad Sara-Adela , Herzig Nicolas , Raitt Duncan , Koltzenburg Martin , Wurdemann Helge 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSeveral gaps persist in haptic device development due to the multifaceted nature of the sense of touch. Existing gaps include challenges enhancing touch feedback fidelity, providing diverse haptic sensations, and ensuring wearability for delivering tactile stimuli to the fingertips. Here, we introduce the Bioinspired Adaptable Multiplanar Haptic system, offering mechanotactile/steady and vibrotactile pulse stimuli with adjustable intensity (up to 298.1 mN) and frequencies (up to 130 Hz). This system can deliver simultaneous stimuli across multiple fingertip areas. The paper includes a full characterisation of our system. As the device can play an important role in further understanding human touch, we performed human stimuli sensitivity and differentiation experiments to evaluate the capability of delivering mechano-vibrotactile, variable intensity, simultaneous, multiplanar and operator agnostic stimuli. Our system promises to accelerate the development of touch perception devices, providing painless, operator-independent data crucial for researching and diagnosing touch-related disorders.
Phalloidin and DNase I-bound F-actin pointed end structures reveal principles of filament stabilization and disassembly
Authors: Boiero Sanders Micaela , Oosterheert Wout , Hofnagel Oliver , Bieling Peter , Raunser Stefan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractActin filament turnover involves subunits binding to and dissociating from the filament ends, with the pointed end being the primary site of filament disassembly. Several molecules modulate filament turnover, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we present three cryo-EM structures of the F-actin pointed end in the presence and absence of phalloidin or DNase I. The two terminal subunits at the undecorated pointed end adopt a twisted conformation. Phalloidin can still bind and bridge these subunits, inducing a conformational shift to a flattened, F-actin-like state. This explains how phalloidin prevents depolymerization at the pointed end. Interestingly, two DNase I molecules simultaneously bind to the phalloidin-stabilized pointed end. In the absence of phalloidin, DNase I binding would disrupt the terminal actin subunit packing, resulting in filament disassembly. Our findings uncover molecular principles of pointed end regulation and provide structural insights into the kinetic asymmetry between the actin filament ends.
Fixational eye movements enhance the precision of visual information transmitted by the primate retina
Authors: Wu Eric G. , Brackbill Nora , Rhoades Colleen , Kling Alexandra , Gogliettino Alex R. , Shah Nishal P. , Sher Alexander , Litke Alan M. , Simoncelli Eero P. , Chichilnisky E. J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFixational eye movements alter the number and timing of spikes transmitted from the retina to the brain, but whether these changes enhance or degrade the retinal signal is unclear. To quantify this, we developed a Bayesian method for reconstructing natural images from the recorded spikes of hundreds of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the macaque retina (male), combining a likelihood model for RGC light responses with the natural image prior implicitly embedded in an artificial neural network optimized for denoising. The method matched or surpassed the performance of previous reconstruction algorithms, and provides an interpretable framework for characterizing the retinal signal. Reconstructions were improved with artificial stimulus jitter that emulated fixational eye movements, even when the eye movement trajectory was assumed to be unknown and had to be inferred from retinal spikes. Reconstructions were degraded by small artificial perturbations of spike times, revealing more precise temporal encoding than suggested by previous studies. Finally, reconstructions were substantially degraded when derived from a model that ignored cell-to-cell interactions, indicating the importance of stimulus-evoked correlations. Thus, fixational eye movements enhance the precision of the retinal representation.
Cleaner fish with mirror self-recognition capacity precisely realize their body size based on their mental image
Authors: Kobayashi Taiga , Kohda Masanori , Awata Satoshi , Bshary Redouan , Sogawa Shumpei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnimals exhibiting mirror self-recognition (MSR) are considered self-aware; however, studies on their level of self-awareness remain inconclusive. Recent research has indicated the potential for cleaner fish (Labroides dimidiatus) to possess a sophisticated level of private self-awareness. However, as this study revealed only an aspect of private self-awareness, further investigation into other elements is essential to substantiate this hypothesis. Here, we show that cleaner fish, having attained MSR, construct a mental image of their bodies by investigating their ability to recall body size. A size-based hierarchy governs the outcomes of their confrontations. The mirror-naïve fish behaved aggressively when presented with photographs of two unfamiliar conspecifics that were 10% larger and 10% smaller than their body sizes. After passing the MSR test, they refrained from aggression toward the larger photographs but still behaved aggressively toward the smaller ones without re-examining their mirror images. These findings suggest that cleaner fish accurately recognize their body size based on mental images of their bodies formed through MSR. Additionally, mirror-experienced fish frequently revisited the mirror when presented with an intimidating larger photograph, implying the potential use of mirrors for assessing body size. Our study established cleaner fish as the first non-human animal to be demonstrated to possess private self-awareness.
A pharmacovigilance study on clinical factors of active vitamin D3 analog-related acute kidney injury using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database
Authors: Kawai Yuki , Uneda Kazushi , Miyata Satoshi , Kunii Ayana , Nagayama Shohei , Baba Kenji , Iwamoto Tamio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) due to vitamin D therapy for osteoporosis is encountered in clinical practice, but epidemiological studies are scarce. We aimed to determine the association between AKI and vitamin D therapy and to identify risk factors for AKI using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database. We used reporting odds ratios (RORs) to detect signals and evaluate risk factors using multiple logistic regression analysis. Among 298,891 reports from April 2004 to September 2023, 1071 implicated active vitamin D3 analogs as suspect drugs for adverse events. There was a significant association between AKI and active vitamin D3 analogs (ROR [95% confidence interval {CI}], eldecalcitol: 16.75 [14.23–19.72], P < 0.001; alfacalcidol: 5.29 [4.07–6.87], P < 0.001; calcitriol: 4.46 [1.88–10.59], P < 0.001). The median duration of administration before AKI onset was 15.4 weeks. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between AKI and age ≥ 70 years (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.47 [1.04–2.07]; P = 0.028), weight < 50 kg (1.55 [1.12–2.13]; P = 0.007), hypertension (1.90 [1.42–2.54]; P < 0.001), and concomitant use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (1.58 [1.10–2.25], P = 0.012) and magnesium oxide (1.96 [1.38–2.78]; P < 0.001). Our results suggest that active vitamin D3 analogs are associated with AKI development. Physicians prescribing these medications to patients with risk factors should consider the possibility of AKI, especially during the first 6 months.
Correction Factor Evaluation and Between-System Comparison of Behavioral Threshold Predictions From Auditory Brainstem Response Measures in Infants
Authors: Bagatto Marlene , El-Naji Rana , Purcell David , Easwar Vijayalakshmi , Pigeon Marie , Witte Jill , Malandrino April , Brown Christine , Burton Alison , Tonus Kristen , Wheeler Kristen , Campbell Bill , Scollie Susan 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds are corrected to estimate behavioral thresholds in infants. Corrections were validated, and a comparison of behavioral threshold estimates between systems was conducted to inform equipment transition and protocols in Ontario, Canada.

Method:
In Study 1, a retrospective file review was conducted. ABR threshold estimates from 84 infants with hearing loss were compared to behavioral thresholds to validate the accuracy of the ABR corrections applied in the Ontario Infant Hearing Program since 2016. Study 2 examined the precision of two different ABR systems to estimate thresholds in 37 adult and 105 infant ears.

Results:
Corrected ABR thresholds predicted behavioral thresholds in infants to within 1.77 dB (range of mean values across frequency: 1.18–2.26 dB) on average. The average differences decreased across frequency to 0.6 dB (range: 0.14 to −1.23) when ear canal acoustics were accounted for. The average between-system difference in ABR threshold estimates was 2.40 dB (range: 1.18–2.26).

Conclusions:
ABR correction factors used in Ontario's Infant Hearing Program provide accurate predictions of behavioral thresholds in infants with hearing loss. When calibration and collection parameters are similar between different ABR systems, threshold estimates are comparable and no further adjustment to correction factors was required.
Dual knowledge‐guided two‐stage model for precise small organ segmentation in abdominal CT images
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhang Xukun , Yang Zhongwei , Han Minghao , Kuang Haopeng , Ma Shuwei , Wang Le , Wang Xiaoying , Zhang Lihua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMulti‐organ segmentation from abdominal CT scans is crucial for various medical examinations and diagnoses. Despite the remarkable achievements of existing deep‐learning‐based methods, accurately segmenting small organs remains challenging due to their small size and low contrast. This article introduces a novel knowledge‐guided cascaded framework that utilizes two types of knowledge—image intrinsic (anatomy) and clinical expertise (radiology)—to improve the segmentation accuracy of small abdominal organs. Specifically, based on the anatomical similarities in abdominal CT scans, the approach employs entropy‐based registration techniques to map high‐quality segmentation results onto inaccurate results from the first stage, thereby guiding precise localization of small organs. Additionally, inspired by the practice of annotating images from multiple perspectives by radiologists, novel Multi‐View Fusion Convolution (MVFC) operator is developed, which can extract and adaptively fuse features from various directions of CT images to refine segmentation of small organs effectively. Simultaneously, the MVFC operator offers a seamless alternative to conventional convolutions within diverse model architectures. Extensive experiments on the Abdominal Multi‐Organ Segmentation (AMOS) dataset demonstrate the superiority of the method, setting a new benchmark in the segmentation of small organs.
A novel wideband slot loaded microstrip patch antenna through reallocation of TM1,0, modified TM0,2 and TM1,2 modes
Authors: Moradi Ardekani Mohammad Hadi , Pashangeh Shima 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel wideband microstrip patch antenna (MPA) characterised by a straightforward structure and operational efficacy across four resonances. The antenna consists of a truncated square patch, a coplanar capacitive feed and a slot on the patch. The square radiating patch is strategically truncated at its four corners to perturb the electric field distribution characteristic of the TM0,2 mode, thereby facilitating the generation of a unidirectional far‐field pattern. Extensive analysis has elucidated the mechanism through which corner truncation diminishes the electric field peak associated with the TM0,2 mode at the centre, resulting in the transformation of the dual‐beam pattern into a distinct single beam pattern. In addition, unlike conventional approaches that require additional components such as shorting pins, this approach reallocates three radiative modes—specifically TM1,0, TM0,2, and TM1,2—resulting in a simplified structure. Finally, a coplanar capacitive feed and a slot are employed to boost the input impedance frequency bandwidth and generate the fourth resonance, respectively. Therefore, four adjacent resonances are simultaneously excited by this method and a wide frequency bandwidth of approximately 80% with stable unidirectional radiation pattern and same polarisation are fulfilled. A prototype of the antenna is fabricated and measured to validate the design procedure.