bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model‐based iterative reconstruction for single‐shot EPI at 7T
Authors: Yarach Uten , In Myung‐Ho , Chatnuntawech Itthi , Bilgic Berkin , Godenschweger Frank , Mattern Hendrik , Sciarra Alessandro , Speck Oliver 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo describe a model‐based reconstruction strategy for single‐shot echo planar imaging (EPI) that intrinsically accounts for k‐space nonuniformity, Nyquist ghosting, and geometric distortions during rather than before or after image reconstruction.MethodsRamp sampling and inhomogeneous B0 field‐induced distortion cause the EPI samples to lie on a non‐Cartesian grid, thus requiring the nonuniform fast Fourier transform. Additionally, a 2D Nyquist ghost phase correction without the need for extra navigator acquisition is included in the proposed reconstruction. Coil compression is also incorporated to reduce the computational load. The proposed method is applied to phantom and human brain MRI data.ResultsThe results demonstrate that Nyquist ghosting and geometric distortions are reduced by the proposed reconstruction. The proposed 2D phase correction is superior to a conventional 1D correction. The reductions of both artifacts lead to improved temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio (tSNR). The virtual coil results suggest that the processing time can be reduced by up to 75%, with a mean tSNR loss of only 3.2% when using 8‐virtual instead of 32‐physical coils for twofold undersampled data.ConclusionThe proposed reconstruction improves the quality (ghosting, geometry, and tSNR) of EPI without requiring calibration data for Nyquist ghost correction. Magn Reson Med 78:2250–2264, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Dual‐echo Z‐shimmed proton resonance frequency‐shift magnetic resonance thermometry near metallic ablation probes: Technique and temperature precision
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Poorman Megan E. , Grissom William A. 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo improve the precision of proton resonance frequency‐shift magnetic resonance thermometry near ablation probes by recovering near‐probe image signals that are typically lost due to magnetic susceptibility‐induced field distortions.MethodsA dual‐echo gradient‐recalled echo sequence was implemented, in which the first echo was under‐ or over‐refocused in the slice dimension to recover image signal and temperature precision near a probe, and the second echo was fully refocused to obtain image signal everywhere else in the slice. A penalized maximum likelihood algorithm was implemented to estimate a single temperature map from both echoes. Agar phantom and ex vivo experiments with and without microwave heating at 3 T evaluated how much temperature precision was improved near a microwave ablator compared to a conventional single‐echo scan as a function of slice and needle orientation in the magnet.ResultsThe number of near‐probe voxels with temperature standard deviation
C was decreased by 51% in the phantom experiment, averaged across orientations, and by 31% in the pork. Temperature maps near the probe were more smoother and more complete in all orientations.ConclusionDual‐echo z‐shimmed temperature imaging can recover image signal for more precise temperature mapping near metallic ablation probes. Magn Reson Med 78:2299–2306, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Hyperckemia and myalgia are common presentations of anoctamin‐5‐related myopathy in French patients
Authors: Papadopoulos Constantinos , LaforÊt Pascal , Nectoux Juliette , Stojkovic Tanya , Wahbi Karim , Carlier Robert‐Yves , Carlier Pierre G , Leonard‐Louis Sarah , Leturcq France , Romero Norma , Eymard Bruno , Behin Anthony 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionPatients with anoctamin‐5 (ANO5) mutations may present not only with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2L or adult‐onset Miyoshi‐type myopathy but also with asymptomatic hyperCKemia, exercise intolerance, or rhabdomyolysis.Materials and MethodsData from 38 patients in France with ANO5 mutations with and without muscle weakness on first examination were compared.ResultsTwenty patients presented without muscle weakness. Median age at symptom onset or discovery of hyperCKemia was 23 years. Creatine kinase levels ranged from 200 to 40,000 U/L. Electromyography showed a myopathic pattern in 5 patients, and muscle imaging showed involvement of posterior calf muscles in 10 patients. Mild cardiac involvement was observed in 2 patients. Sixteen patients remain free of weakness after a median follow‐up period of 5 years.DiscussionAsymptomatic, sometimes mild hyperCKemia or exercise intolerance is a presentation of ANO5‐related myopathy and may remain isolated or precede muscle weakness by many years. Muscle Nerve 56: 1096–1100, 2017
Ultrastructural changes in human masseter muscles after botulinum neurotoxin a injection
Authors: Ma Fushun , Zhai Zhaohui , Zhu Shunwen , Tang Shengjian 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionBotulinum neurotoxin A (BoNTA) has long been used as a therapeutic agent and has been widely accepted as a cosmetic agent in recent years. It can inhibit function and induce structural changes in skeletal muscle.MethodsSpecimens of fresh dissected human masseter muscle were used to observe the ultrastructural changes that occurred at 6 and 12 months following BoNTA injection.ResultsThe findings observed were muscle fiber distortion, sarcomere shortening, mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration, glycogen accumulation, and H and M band disruption in the triad of tubules. At 12 months after injection, there was still evidence of degenerative changes in muscle ultrastructure, whereas most organelles exhibited a normal structure.DiscussionProfound ultrastructural and organelle disfiguring changes were observed after BoNTA injection into human masseter muscle. Most changes were transient, however, and were resolved by 12 months after injection. Muscle Nerve 57: 96–99, 2018
Improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms across multiple domains following ventriculoperitoneal shunting for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Krzastek Sarah C. , Robinson Samuel P. , Young Harold F. , Klausner Adam P. 
Published: February 2017

AIMSThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in lower urinary tract symptoms following ventriculoperitoneal shunting in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).METHODSLower urinary tract symptoms in patients with new‐onset iNPH were prospectively evaluated using validated questionnaires from the International Consultation on Incontinence to assess overactive bladder (ICIq‐OAB), incontinence (ICIq‐UI), and quality of life (ICIq‐LUTqol), as well as the American Urological Association Symptom Score bother scale, prior to and following ventriculoperitoneal shunting for iNPH. Sub‐analysis was performed based on gender, age, and medical comorbidities.RESULTSTwenty‐three consecutive patients with new‐onset iNPH were evaluated prior to, and following, surgical intervention for iNPH via ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Shunting resulted in a significant improvement in urinary urgency, urge incontinence, ability to perform physical activities, and overall quality of life. Women had improvement across more domains than men following shunting, particularly in terms of urinary urgency and overall quality of life. Younger patients experienced significant improvement in scores following shunting as compared to older patients. Patients with two or more medical comorbidities, as well as those with fewer than two comorbidities, reported a significant improvement in overall quality of life.CONCLUSIONSSurgical intervention for iNPH results in significant improvement in urinary symptoms, specifically in terms of urinary urgency and urge incontinence as well as overall quality of life, particularly in women and younger patients.
Brain neurochemical and hemodynamic findings in the NY1DD mouse model of mild sickle cell disease
Authors: Cui Min‐Hui , Suzuka Sandra M. , Branch Nicholas A. , Ambadipudi Kamalakar , Thangaswamy Sangeetha , Acharya Seetharama A. , Billett Henny H. , Branch Craig A. 
Published: February 2017

To characterize the cerebral profile associated with sickle cell disease (SCD), we used in vivo proton MRI and MRS to quantify hemodynamics and neurochemicals in the thalamus of NY1DD mice, a mild model of SCD, and compared them with wild‐type (WT) control mice. Compared with WT mice, NY1DD mice at steady state had elevated cerebral blood flow (CBF) and concentrations of N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu), alanine, total creatine and N‐acetylaspartylglutamate. Concentrations of glutathione (GSH) at steady state showed a negative correlation with BOLD signal change in response to 100% oxygen, a marker for oxidative stress, and mean diffusivity assessed using diffusion‐tensor imaging, a marker for edematous inflammation. In NY1DD mice, elevated basal CBF was correlated negatively with [NAA], but positively with concentration of glutamine ([Gln]). Immediately after experimental hypoxia (at reoxygenation after 18 hours of 8% O2), concentrations of NAA, Glu, GSH, Gln and taurine (Tau) increased only in NY1DD mice. [NAA], [Glu], [GSH] and [Tau] all returned to baseline levels two weeks after the hypoxic episode. The altered neurochemical profile in the NY1DD mouse model of SCD at steady state and following experimental hypoxia/reoxygenation suggests a state of chronic oxidative stress leading to compensatory cerebral metabolic adjustments.
Phase imaging with multiple phase‐cycled balanced steady‐state free precession at 9.4 T
Authors: Kim Jae‐Woong , Kim Seong‐Gi , Park Sung‐Hong 
Published: February 2017

While phase imaging with a gradient echo (GRE) sequence is popular, phase imaging with balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) has been underexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate anatomical and functional phase imaging with multiple phase‐cycled bSSFP, in expectation of increasing spatial coverage of steep phase‐change regions of bSSFP. Eight different dynamic 2D pass‐band bSSFP studies at four phase‐cycling (PC) angles and two TE/TR values were performed on rat brains at 9.4 T with electrical forepaw stimulation, in comparison with dynamic 2D GRE. Anatomical and functional phase images were obtained by averaging the dynamic phase images and mapping correlation between the dynamic images and the stimulation paradigm, and were compared with their corresponding magnitude images. Phase imaging with 3D pass‐band and 3D transition‐band bSSFP was also performed for comparison with 3D GRE phase imaging. Two strategies of combining the multiple phase‐cycled bSSFP phase images were also proposed. Contrast between white matter and gray matter in bSSFP phase images significantly varied with PC angle and became twice as high as that of GRE phase images at a specific PC angle. With the same total scan time, the combined bSSFP phase images provided stronger phase contrast and visualized neuronal fiber‐like structures more clearly than the GRE phase images. The combined phase images of both 3D pass‐band and 3D transition‐band bSSFP showed phase contrasts stronger than those of the GRE phase images in overall brain regions, even at a longer TE of 20 ms. In contrast, phase functional MRI (fMRI) signals were weak overall and mostly located in draining veins for both bSSFP and GRE. Multiple phase‐cycled bSSFP phase imaging is a promising anatomical imaging technique, while its usage as fMRI does not seem desirable with the current approach.
The development of mentoring‐relationship quality, future‐planning style, and career goal setting among adolescents from a disadvantaged background
Authors: Lau Wendy S. Y. , Zhou Xiao‐chun , Lai Simon M. K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOur behaviors are regulated by our perception of the future based on past experiences and knowledge. Children from a disadvantaged background might encounter obstacles more frequently when they plan their future. It is possible that a good relationship with an adult volunteer who provides assistance and guidance in the disadvantaged youth's development may facilitate their future‐planning style and career goal setting. The present study investigated the role of a good mentoring relationship in promoting a disadvantaged youth's future‐planning style and goal‐setting ability. It focused on children from a disadvantaged background who participated in theChildDevelopmentFund (CDF) inHongKong. In the study, 187CDFparticipants (93 with high mentoring‐relationship quality [MRQ] and 94 with lowMRQ) and 208 comparison group participants were able to complete all four times of the survey. Repeated‐measures analyses of covariance showed thatGroup main effects were observed for both future‐planning style,F(2, 374) = 5.92,p < .01, and career goal‐setting self‐efficacy,F(2, 376) = 6.07,p < .01. Main Time effect was also found for the latter,F(3, 1128) = 7.99,p < .01. A significantGroup × Time interaction effect was observed for future‐planning style only,F(5.78, 1081.21) = 2.17,p < .05. Our results suggest that participants with highMRQoutperformed the comparison group in both future‐planning style and career goal‐setting self‐efficacy. Multiple regression analyses revealed that meanMRQscore accounted for 3.9% (p < .01) of the variance in future‐planning style and 4.1% (p < .01) of the variance in career goal‐setting self‐efficacy, supporting the role of a good mentoring relationship. Mentors have introduced new resources to the disadvantaged youths with highMRQand have promoted the development of various skills through modeling.
Effects of arginine and leucine substitutions on anti‐endotoxic activities and mechanisms of action of cationic and amphipathic antimicrobial octadecapeptide from rice α‐amylase
Authors: Taniguchi Masayuki , Ochiai Akihito , Toyoda Ryu , Sato Teppei , Saitoh Eiichi , Kato Tetsuo , Tanaka Takaaki 
Published: February 2017

Previously, we showed that the antimicrobial cationic and amphipathic octadecapeptide AmyI‐1‐18 from rice α‐amylase (AmyI‐1) inhibited the endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli. In addition, we demonstrated that several AmyI‐1‐18 analogs containing arginine or leucine substitutions, which were designed on the basis of the helical wheel projection of AmyI‐1‐18, exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic microorganisms than AmyI‐1‐18. In the present study, anti‐inflammatory (anti‐endotoxic) activities of five AmyI‐1‐18 analogs containing arginine or leucine substitutions were investigated. Two single arginine‐substituted and two single leucine‐substituted AmyI‐1‐18 analogs inhibited the production of LPS‐induced nitric oxide in mouse macrophages (RAW264) more effectively than AmyI‐1‐18. These data indicate that enhanced cationic and hydrophobic properties of AmyI‐1‐18 are associated with improved anti‐endotoxic activity. In subsequent chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate assays, 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the three AmyI‐1‐18 analogs (G12R, D15R, and E9L) were 0.11–0.13 μm, indicating higher anti‐endotoxic activity than that of AmyI‐1‐18 (IC50, 0.22 μm), and specific LPS binding activity. In agreement, surface plasmon resonance analyses confirmed direct LPS binding of three AmyI‐1‐18 analogs. In addition, AmyI‐1‐18 analogs exhibited little or no cytotoxic activity against RAW264 cells, indicating that enhancements of anti‐inflammatory and LPS‐neutralizing activities following replacement of arginine or leucine did not result in significant increases in cytotoxicity. This study shows that the arginine‐substituted and leucine‐substituted AmyI‐1‐18 analogs with improved anti‐endotoxic and antimicrobial activities have clinical potential as dual‐function host defense agents. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying agile methods to aircraft embedded software: an experimental analysis
Authors: Mirachi Samoel , da Costa Guerra Valdir , da Cunha Adilson Marques , Dias Luiz Alberto Vieira , Villani Emilia 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYThis paper discusses the applicability of agile methods to aircraft embedded software development. It presents the main results of an experiment that combines agile practices from Scrum with model‐based development and distributed development. The experiment consists of the development of an aircraft cockpit display system divided in five distributed teams. Three features are analysed and quantified, using the output artefacts of each team: the artefacts' quality, the adherence to agile methods, and the adherence to standard DO‐178C. The main conclusion of the experiment is that there is a high correlation between the adherence to agile methods and the artefacts' quality, motivating the use of agile methods in aircraft industry. Also, the experiment evinced that agile methods does not specifically address the integration of distributed teams and the hardware/software integration. This lacuna affects the artefacts' quality. The results of the experiment emphasize the importance of concentrating future work in the proposal of specific agile practices for these activities. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative stress as a damage mechanism in porcine cumulus‐oocyte complexes exposed to malathion during in vitro maturation
Authors: Flores Diana , Souza Verónica , Betancourt Miguel , Teteltitla Mario , González‐Márquez Humberto , Casas Eduardo , Bonilla Edmundo , Ramírez‐Noguera Patricia , Gutiérrez‐Ruíz María Concepción , Ducolomb Yvonne 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMalathion is one of the most commonly used insecticides. Recent findings have demonstrated that it induces oxidative stress in somatic cells, but there are not enough studies that have demonstrated this effect in germ cells. Malathion impairs porcine oocyte viability and maturation, but studies have not shown how oxidative stress damages maturation and which biochemical mechanisms are affected in this process in cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs). The aims of the present study were to determine the amount of oxidative stress produced by malathion in porcine COCs matured in vitro, to define how biochemical mechanisms affect this process, and determine whether trolox can attenuate oxidative damage. Sublethal concentrations 0, 750, and 1000 µM were used to evaluate antioxidant enzyme expressions, reactive oxygen species (ROS production), protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation, among other oxidation products. COCs viability and oocyte maturation decreased in a concentration‐dependent manner. Malathion increased Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) protein level and decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and catalase (CAT) protein level. Species reactives of oxygen (ROS), protein oxidation and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels increased in COCs exposed to the insecticide, but when COCs were pre‐treated with the trolox (50 µM) 30 min before and during malathion exposure, these parameters decreased down to control levels. This study showed that malathion has a detrimental effect on COCs during in vitro maturation, inducing oxidative stress, while trolox attenuated malathion toxicity by decreasing oxidative damage.
Theoretical modeling of surface and tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopies
Authors: Hu Wei , Duan Sai , Luo Yi 
Published: February 2017

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique in molecular science because of the ability of providing vibrational ‘finger‐print’. The developments of the surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) have significantly improved the detection sensitivity and efficiency. However, they also introduce complications for the spectral assignments, for which advanced theoretical modeling has played an important role. Here we summarize some of our recent progresses for SERS and TERS, which generally combine both solid‐state physics and quantum chemistry methods with two different schemes, namely the cluster model and the periodic boundary condition (PBC) model. In the cluster model, direct Raman spectra calculations are performed for the cluster taken from the accurate PBC structure. For PBC model, we have developed a quasi‐analytical approach that enables us to calculate the Raman spectra of entire system. Under the TERS condition, the non‐uniformity of plasmonic field in real space can drastically alter the interaction between the molecule and the light. By taking into account the local distributions of the plasmonic field, a new interaction Hamiltonian is constructed and applied to model the super‐high‐resolution Raman images of a single molecule. It shows that the resonant Raman images reflect the transition density between ground and excited states, which are generally vibrational insensitive. The nonresonant Raman images, on the other hand, allow to visualize the atomic movement of individual vibrational modes in real space. The inclusion of non‐uniformity of plasmonic field provides ample opportunities to discover new physics and new applications in the future. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2017, 7:e1293. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1293This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy
Survey on time series motif discovery
Authors: Torkamani Sahar , Lohweg Volker 
Published: February 2017

Last decades witness a huge growth in medical applications, genetic analysis, and in performance of manufacturing technologies and automatised production systems. A challenging task is to identify and diagnose the behavior of such systems, which aim to produce a product with desired quality. In order to control the state of the systems, various information is gathered from different types of sensors (optical, acoustic, chemical, electric, and thermal). Time series data are a set of real‐valued variables obtained chronologically. Data mining and machine learning help derive meaningful knowledge from time series. Such tasks include clustering, classification, anomaly detection and motif discovery. Motif discovery attempts to find meaningful, new, and unknown knowledge from data. Detection of motifs in a time series is beneficial for, e.g., discovery of rules or specific events in a signal. Motifs provide useful information for the user in order to model or analyze the data. Motif discovery is applied to various areas as telecommunication, medicine, web, motion‐capture, and sensor networks. This contribution provides a review of the existing publications in time series motif discovery along with advantages and disadvantages of existing approaches. Moreover, the research issues and missing points in this field are highlighted. The main objective of this focus article is to serve as a glossary for researchers in this field. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1199. doi: 10.1002/widm.1199This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Motivation and Emergence of Data Mining
Technologies > Computational Intelligence
Technologies > Machine Learning