bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmentally Benign Halloysite Nanotube Multilayer Assembly Significantly Reduces Polyurethane Flammability
Authors: Smith Ryan J. , Holder Kevin M. , Ruiz Sofia , Hahn Wyatt , Song Yixuan , Lvov Yuri M. , Grunlan Jaime C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn an effort to develop a more environmentally benign flame retardant for polyurethane foam (PUF), layers of halloysite clay nanotubes (HNT) stabilized by branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) are deposited from aqueous suspensions to create multilayered nanocomposite coatings. PUF is very flammable and widely used in upholstered furniture throughout the world. Foam treated with five BPEI‐HNT/PAA‐HNT bilayers, deposited using layer‐by‐layer assembly, is rendered self‐extinguishing in open flame testing. Cone calorimetry reveals that this coating reduces the peak heat release rate (pkHRR) by 62%. Due to the tubular morphology of HNT, small volatile gasses given off during combustion are trapped, so total smoke release (TSR) is reduced by 60%. Infrared spectroscopy suggests this multilayer film survives during combustion, forming an HNT‐rich barrier that prevents mass and energy transfer during open flame testing and calorimetry. The significant reductions in pkHRR and TSR, along with the self‐extinguishing behavior, indicate that these halloysite‐based multilayer films have the potential to greatly improve PUF fire safety. The low cost and natural abundance of HNT makes this technology especially amenable to widespread use.
Three‐Dimensional Models of the Human Brain Development and Diseases
Authors: Jorfi Mehdi , D'Avanzo Carla , Kim Doo Yeon , Irimia Daniel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDeciphering the human brain pathophysiology remains one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Neurological disorders represent a significant proportion of diseases burden; however, the complexity of the brain physiology makes it challenging to model its diseases. Simple in vitro models have been very useful for precise measurements in controled conditions. However, existing models are limited in their ability to replicate complex interactions between various cells in the brain. Studying human brain requires sophisticated models to reconstitute the tangled architecture and functions of brain cells. Recently, advances in the development of three‐dimensional (3D) brain cell culture models have begun to recapitulate various aspects of the human brain physiology in vitro and replicate basic disease processes of Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and microcephaly. In this review, we discuss the progress, advantages, limitations, and future directions of 3D cell culture systems for modeling the human brain development and diseases.
Light‐Patterned Crystallographic Direction of a Self‐Organized 3D Soft Photonic Crystal
Authors: Zheng Zhi‐Gang , Yuan Cong‐Long , Hu Wei , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Tang Ming‐Jie , Liu Zhen , Sun Pei‐Zhi , Yang Wei‐Qiang , Wang Xiao‐Qian , Shen Dong , Li Yannian , Ye Fangfu , Lu Yan‐Qing , Li Guoqiang , Li Quan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUniform and patterned orientation of a crystallographic direction of ordered materials is of fundamental significance and of great interest for electronic and photonic applications. However, such orientation control is generally complicated and challenging with regard to inorganic and organic crystalline materials due to the occurrence of uncontrollable dislocations or defects. Achieving uniform lattice orientation in frustrated liquid‐crystalline phases, like cubic blue phases, is a formidable task. Taming and tailoring the ordering of such soft, cubic lattices along predetermined or desired directions, and even imparting a prescribed pattern on lattice orientation, are more challenging, due to the entropy‐domination attribute of soft matter. Herein, we disclose a facile way to realize designed micropatterning of a crystallographic direction of a soft, cubic liquid‐crystal superstructure, exhibiting an alternate uniform and random orientation of the lattice crystallographic direction enabled by a photoalignment technique. Because of the rewritable trait of the photoalignment film, the pattern can be erased and rewritten on‐demand by light. Such an oriented soft lattice sensitively responds to various external stimuli such as temperature, electric field, and light irradiation. Furthermore, advanced reflective photonic applications are achieved based on the patterned crystallographic orientation of the cubic blue phase, soft lattice.
Low‐Noise and Large‐Linear‐Dynamic‐Range Photodetectors Based on Hybrid‐Perovskite Thin‐Single‐Crystals
Authors: Bao Chunxiong , Chen Zhaolai , Fang Yanjun , Wei Haotong , Deng Yehao , Xiao Xun , Li Lingliang , Huang Jinsong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOrganic–inorganic halide perovskites are promising photodetector materials due to their strong absorption, large carrier mobility, and easily tunable bandgap. Up to now, perovskite photodetectors are mainly based on polycrystalline thin films, which have some undesired properties such as large defective grain boundaries hindering the further improvement of the detector performance. Here, perovskite thin‐single‐crystal (TSC) photodetectors are fabricated with a vertical p–i–n structure. Due to the absence of grain‐boundaries, the trap densities of TSCs are 10–100 folds lower than that of polycrystalline thin films. The photodetectors based on CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3 TSCs show low noise of 1–2 fA Hz−1/2, yielding a high specific detectivity of 1.5 × 1013 cm Hz1/2 W−1. The absence of grain boundaries reduces charge recombination and enables a linear response under strong light, superior to polycrystalline photodetectors. The CH3NH3PbBr3 photodetectors show a linear response to green light from 0.35 pW cm−2 to 2.1 W cm−2, corresponding to a linear dynamic range of 256 dB.
Recent Progress on the Development of Metal‐Air Batteries
Authors: Li Lin , Chang Zhi‐wen , Zhang Xin‐Bo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe large‐scale electrical energy storage using rechargeable batteries buoys any future success in the global efforts to shift energy usage away from fossil fuels to renewable sources. Compared with other battery technologies, such as Li‐S and LIBs, the metal‐air battery technology holds exceptionally high energy densities and is viewed to be a promising candidate as the energy supplier of the next generation. With the aim to provide easy access to the recent developments of metal‐air batteries and advance their development, this review systematically and comprehensively summarizes, compares and discusses the development of all important kinds of aqueous and/or nonaqueous metal‐air batteries (all in one), based on metal anodes of Li, Na, Zn, Al, from all important aspects, including oxygen electrochemistry, electrocatalyst, transfer/diffusion and interface, electrode and electrolyte materials, and device configuration. As a benefit, our understanding on metal‐air batteries can be deepened and guidance for the development of next generation metal‐air batteries can be provided.
A multi‐sector assessment of community organizational capacity for promotion of Chinese immigrant worker health
Authors: Tsai Jenny H.‐C. , Thompson Elaine A. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundCommunity‐based collaborative approaches have received increased attention as a means for addressing occupational health disparities. Organizational capacity, highly relevant to engaging and sustaining community partnerships, however, is rarely considered in occupational health research.MethodsTo characterize community organizational capacity specifically relevant to Chinese immigrant worker health, we used a cross‐sectional, descriptive design with 36 agencies from six community sectors in King County, Washington. Joint interviews, conducted with two representatives from each agency, addressed three dimensions of organizational capacity: organizational commitment, resources, and flexibility. Descriptive statistics were used to capture the patterning of these dimensions by community sector.ResultsOrganizational capacity varied widely across and within sectors. Chinese and Pan‐Asian service sectors indicated higher capacity for Chinese immigrant worker health than did Chinese faith‐based, labor union, public, and Pan‐ethnic nonprofit sectors.ConclusionsVariation in organizational capacity in community sectors can inform selection of collaborators for community‐based, immigrant worker health interventions.
Optimizing Optical Absorption, Exciton Dissociation, and Charge Transfer of a Polymeric Carbon Nitride with Ultrahigh Solar Hydrogen Production Activity
Authors: Zhang Guigang , Li Guosheng , Lan Zhi‐An , Lin Lihua , Savateev Aleksandr , Heil Tobias , Zafeiratos Spiros , Wang Xinchen , Antonietti Markus 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPolymeric or organic semiconductors are promising candidates for photocatalysis but mostly only show moderate activity owing to strongly bound excitons and insufficient optical absorption. Herein, we report a facile bottom‐up strategy to improve the activity of a carbon nitride to a level in which a majority of photons are really used to drive photoredox chemistry. Co‐condensation of urea and oxamide followed by post‐calcination in molten salt is shown to result in highly crystalline species with a maximum π–π layer stacking distance of heptazine units of 0.292 nm, which improves lateral charge transport and interlayer exciton dissociation. The addition of oxamide decreases the optical band gap from 2.74 to 2.56 eV, which enables efficient photochemistry also with green light. The apparent quantum yield (AQY) for H2 evolution of optimal samples reaches 57 % and 10 % at 420 nm and 525 nm, respectively, which is significantly higher than in most previous experiments.
Benzodisilacyclobutadienes: 8π‐Electron Systems with an Antiaromatic Silicon Ring
Authors: Ishida Shintaro , Misawa Yoshifumi , Sugawara Shohei , Iwamoto Takeaki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBenzodisilacyclobutadienes 2 a–c were isolated as blue to green crystalline solids from the reaction of stable disilyne 1 and 1,2‐dibromobenzenes in the presence of potassium graphite. In the solid state, substantial bond alternation was observed within the benzene rings of 2 a–c. In hexane, 2 a–c showed remarkable bathochromic shifts of the π→π* (HOMO→LUMO) absorption bands at 625–670 nm. NMR spectra and theoretical calculations indicated that the diamagnetic ring currents of the benzene rings of 2 a–c are considerably reduced by contributions from the antiaromatic 1,2‐disilacyclobutadienes. In their entirety, the obtained results indicate that 2 a–c represent 8π‐electron systems that contain an antiaromatic 1,2‐disilacyclobutadiene.
Palladium‐Catalyzed [3+3] Annulation of Vinyl Chromium(0) Carbene Complexes through Carbene Migratory Insertion/Tsuji–Trost Reaction
Authors: Wang Kang , Ping Yifan , Chang Taiwei , Wang Jianbo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVinyl chromium(0) Fischer carbene complexes were employed as the source of π‐allylic palladium species for catalytic [3+3] annulation under palladium catalysis. Mechanistically, this transformation is proposed to involve carbene migratory insertion and intramolecular Tsuji–Trost reaction as the key steps. Substituted six‐membered heterocyclic flavonones and quinolines are obtained, depending on the nucleophilic functional group on the coupling partners.
Herpes Zoster and Tofacitinib: Clinical Outcomes and the Risk of Concomitant Therapy
Authors: Winthrop Kevin L. , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Lindsey Stephen , Tanaka Yoshiya , Yamaoka Kunihiro , Valdez Hernan , Hirose Tomohiro , Nduaka Chudy I. , Wang Lisy , Mendelsohn Alan M. , Fan Haiyun , Chen Connie , Bananis Eustratios 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivePatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ), and the risk appears to be increased in patients treated with tofacitinib. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether concomitant treatment with conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) or glucocorticoids (GCs) contributes to the increased risk of HZ in RA patients treated with tofacitinib.MethodsHZ cases were identified from the databases of 2 phase I, 9 phase II, 6 phase III, and 2 long‐term extension studies of tofacitinib in RA patients. Crude incidence rates (IRs) of all HZ events (serious and nonserious) per 100 patient‐years (with 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]) were calculated for unique patients. Within phase III studies, we described HZ rates according to concomitant csDMARD treatment and baseline GC use. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate HZ risk factors across studies.ResultsAcross all studies (6,192 patients; 16,839 patient‐years), HZ was reported in 636 tofacitinib‐treated patients (IR 4.0, 95% CI 3.7–4.4). In most cases (93%), HZ was classified as nonserious, and the majority of patients (94%) had involvement of only 1 dermatome. HZ IRs varied across regions, from 2.4 (95% CI 2.0–2.9) in Eastern Europe to 8.0 (95% CI 6.6–9.6) in Japan and 8.4 (95% CI 6.4–10.9) in Korea. Within phase III studies, HZ IRs varied according to tofacitinib dose, background csDMARD treatment, and baseline use of GCs. The IRs were numerically lowest for monotherapy with tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily without GCs (IR 0.56 [95% CI 0.07–2.01]) and highest for tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily with csDMARDs and GCs (IR 5.44 [95% CI 3.72–7.68]). Age, GC use, tofacitinib dose, and enrollment within Asia were independent risk factors for HZ.ConclusionPatients receiving treatment with tofacitinib and GCs appear to have a greater risk of developing HZ compared with patients receiving tofacitinib monotherapy without GCs.
Implications of impaired zinc homeostasis in diabetic cardiomyopathy and nephropathy
Authors: Giacconi Robertina , Cai Lu , Costarelli Laura , Cardelli Maurizio , Malavolta Marco , Piacenza Francesco , Provinciali Mauro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractImpaired zinc homeostasis is observed in diabetes mellitus (DM2) and its complications. Zinc has a specific role in pancreatic β‐cells via insulin synthesis, storage, and secretion. Intracellular zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled by zinc transporters (ZnT and Zip families) and metallothioneins (MT) which modulate the uptake, storage, and distribution of zinc. Several investigations in animal models demonstrate the protective role of MT in DM2 and its cardiovascular or renal complications, while a copious literature shows that a common polymorphism (R325W) in ZnT8, which affects the protein's zinc transport activity, is associated with increased DM2 risk. Emerging studies highlight a role of other zinc transporters in β‐cell function, suggesting that targeting them could make a possible contribution in managing the hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. This article summarizes the current findings concerning the role of zinc homeostasis in DM2 pathogenesis and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and nephropathy and suggests novel therapeutic targets. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(6):770–784, 2017
Outcomes and readmissions after transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with cirrhosis: A propensity matched analysis
Authors: Dhoble Abhijeet , Bhise Viraj , Nevah Moises I. , Balan Prakash , Nguyen Tom C. , Estrera Anthony L. , Smalling Richard W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe data on the comparative outcomes and readmissions after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients with cirrhosis are limited. We compared mortality, complications, discharge disposition, 30‐day readmission rates, length of stay, and cost of hospitalization in cirrhotic patients undergoing TAVR and SAVR.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the National Readmission Database (NRD) were used for the study. The International Classification of Diseases‐9th version was used to define cohorts of patients undergoing TAVR and SAVR. Patients undergoing concomitant other valve or coronary bypass surgery were excluded. Propensity‐score matching was used to compare the outcomes between the groups.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2014, a total of 126 and 157 patients with cirrhosis underwent TAVR and SAVR, respectively. Of the 283 patients, 16 (5.7%) died during the same hospitalization. We found 345 patients with cirrhosis who had undergone an aortic valve replacement (156 with TAVR, and 189 with SAVR) in the 2013 and 2014 NRD. On propensity matching, there were no significant differences between the in‐hospital mortality, readmissions, hospitalization costs, and discharges to home within the TAVR and SAVR groups. However, post‐procedure length of stay (6.3 vs. 10.2 days; P < 0.001) and blood transfusion rates (22% vs. 58%; P < 0.001) were significantly lower in TAVR patients.ConclusionsCirrhotic patients undergoing TAVR has high, but similar mortality and 30‐day readmission rates when compared to SAVR; however, has shorter length of stay and lower blood transfusion rates.
Telomerization of 1,3‐Butadiene with Carbon Dioxide: A Highly Efficient Process for δ‐Lactone Generation
Authors: Balbino João M. , Dupont Jairton , Bayón J. Carles 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA very efficient and selective telomerization of 1,3‐butadiene with CO2 that leads to the δ‐lactone (3‐ethylidene‐6‐vinyltetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one) was obtained using palladium acetate and tris(p‐methoxyphenyl)phosphine as a catalyst in the presence of p‐hydroquinone, N,N‐diisopropylethylamine, and acetonitrile. A high turnover number of 4500 with 96 % selectivity to the δ‐lactone was obtained after 5 h reaction at 70 °C. The reaction was deactivated by the presence of different 1,3‐dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids, possibly by the formation of stable and inactive palladium‐imidazole‐2‐ylidene carbenes.
Switching the Cofactor Specificity of an Imine Reductase
Authors: Borlinghaus Niels , Nestl Bettina M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the last years, imine reductases (IREDs) have gained importance for the formation of chiral amines by catalyzing asymmetric reductions of imines and chemo‐ and stereoselective reductive aminations. However, all characterized members of this steadily growing enzyme family demonstrated strict preference for NADPH, which entails reduced possibilities for efficient cofactor regenerations and limitations in the construction of whole cell systems. To alter the cofactor specificity from NADPH to NADH, we applied the “Cofactor Specificity Reversal—Structural Analysis and Library Design” (CSR‐SALAD) mutagenesis strategy and enlarged the mutant library by further amino acid replacements. This engineering approach has been shown to result in IRED variants with up to 2900‐fold improved NADH/NADPH specificity and completely recovered activity in the reduction of 2‐methyl pyrroline (2MP).
Heterovalent Glycodendrimers as Epitope Carriers for Antitumor Synthetic Vaccines
Authors: Pifferi Carlo , Thomas Baptiste , Goyard David , Berthet Nathalie , Renaudet Olivier 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe large majority of TACA‐based (TACA=Tumor‐Associated Carbohydrate Antigens) antitumor vaccines target only one carbohydrate antigen, thereby often resulting in the incomplete destruction of cancer cells. However, the morphological heterogeneity of the tumor glycocalix, which is in constant evolution during malignant transformation, is a crucial point to consider in the design of vaccine candidates. In this paper, an efficient synthetic strategy based on orthogonal chemoselective ligations to prepare fully synthetic glycosylated cyclopeptide scaffolds grafted with both Tn and TF antigen analogues is reported. To evaluate their ability to be recognized as tumor antigens, direct interaction ELISA assays have been performed with the anti‐Tn monoclonal antibody 9A7. Although both heterovalent structures showed binding capacities with 9A7, the presence of the second TF epitope did not interfere with the recognition of Tn except in one epitope arrangement. This heterovalent glycosylated structure thus represents an attractive epitope carrier to be further functionalized with T‐cell peptide epitopes.
Mixed Allyl Rare‐Earth Borohydride Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Application in (Co‐)Polymerization Catalysis of Cyclic Esters
Authors: Fadlallah Sami , Jothieswaran Jashvini , Capet Frédéric , Bonnet Fanny , Visseaux Marc 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA series of new trivalent rare‐earth allyl–borohydride complexes with the formula [RE(BH4)2(C3H5)(thf)x] (RE=Sc (1), x=2; RE=Y (2) and La (3), x=3) were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding rare‐earth trisborohydrides [RE(BH4)3(thf)x] with half an equivalent of bis(allyl)magnesium. The complexes were fully characterized by determining their X‐ray structure. Similar to their previously described Nd (4) and Sm (5) analogues, these complexes display a monomeric structure with two terminal trihapto BH4 groups, one π–η3 allyl ligand, three THF molecules for complexes 2 and 3, and two THF molecules for complex 1. The catalytic behavior of complexes 1–5 toward the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of l‐lactide (l‐LA) and ϵ‐caprolactone (ϵ‐CL) was assessed. The Nd complex featured the best activity toward l‐LA (turnover frequency (TOF)=1300 h−1) and the order was Nd>La>Sm>Y>Sc. Complexes 1–3 were found very active for the ROP of ϵ‐CL (TOF=166 000 h−1), which is in line with the already established exceptionnally high performance of complexes 4 and 5. With both monomers, it was shown that the borohydride moiety was the preferentially initiating group, rather than the allyl one. The random copolymerization of l‐LA and ϵ‐CL was performed with complexes 1–5, in the absence or in the presence of benzyl alcohol as a chain‐transfer agent, affording copolymers with ϵ‐caprolactone up to 62 % inserted. The copolymers synthesized display a variety of microstructures, that is, blocky, random, or quasi‐alternating.
The Role of Water Distribution Controlled by Transmembrane Potentials in the Cytochrome c–Cardiolipin Interaction: Revealing from Surface‐Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Zeng Li , Wu Lie , Liu Li , Jiang Xiue 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe interaction of cytochrome c (cyt c) with cardiolipin (CL) plays a crucial role in apoptotic functions, however, the changes of the transmembrane potential in governing the protein behavior at the membrane–water interface have not been studied due to the difficulties in simultaneously monitoring the interaction and regulating the electric field. Herein, surface‐enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroelectrochemistry is employed to study the mechanism of how the transmembrane potentials control the interaction of cyt c with CL membranes by regulating the electrode potentials of an Au film. When the transmembrane potential decreases, the water content at the interface of the membranes can be increased to slow down protein adsorption through decreasing the hydrogen‐bond and hydrophobic interactions, but regulates the redox behavior of CL‐bound cyt c through a possible water‐facilitated proton‐coupled electron transfer process. Our results suggest that the potential drop‐induced restructure of the CL conformation and the hydration state could modify the structure and function of CL‐bound cyt c on the lipid membrane.