bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
РЕШЕНИЕ ПЕРВОЙ НАЧАЛЬНО-КРАЕВОЙ ЗАДАЧИ ДИФФУЗИИ МЕТОДОМ МОНТЕ-КАРЛО
Authors: Аблабеков Б.С. , Рахманкулов Б.З. , Райымберди к.М. 
Published: October 2024

Известно, что дифференциальное уравнение диффузии, выведенное на основе общих законов физики, устанавливает связь между временным и пространственным изменением концентрации в любой точке тела, в которой происходит диффузионный процесс. В работе рассматривается начально-краевая задача для уравнения диффузии. Для решения этой задачи используется фундаментальное решение, и функция Грина для уравнения диффузии и с ее помощью представлена решения этой задачи. С помощью метода Монте-Карло построена решение. Кроме того, с помощью метода Монте-Карло можно получить асимптотически несмешанные оценки решения и ее производных, а также оценить вероятностные моменты решения со случайными параметрами. Предлагается эффективный алгоритм метода Монте-Карло для решения первой начально-краевой задачи для уравнений диффузии с использованием техники зависимых испытаний.
It is known that the differential equation of diffusion, derived on the basis of the general laws of physics, establishes a connection between the temporal and spatial changes in concentration at any point in the body where the diffusion process occurs. The paper considers an initial-boundary value problem for the diffusion equation. To solve this problem, the fundamental solution and the Green's function for the diffusion equation are used, and with its help, solutions to this problem are presented. A solution is constructed using the Monte Carlo method. In addition, using the Monte Carlo method, one can obtain asymptotically mocked estimates of the solution and its derivatives, as well as estimate the probabilistic moments of the solution with random parameters. An efficient algorithm for the Monte Carlo method is proposed for solving the first initial-boundary value problem for diffusion equations using the technique of dependent tests.
Физиканын жалпы закондорунун негизинде алынган диффузиянын дифференциалдык теңдемеси диффузия процесси жүрүп жаткан телонун каалаган чекитинде концентрациясынын убакыт боюнча жана мейкиндиктеги өзгөрүшүнүн ортосундагы байланышты орното тургандыгы белгилүү. Иште диффузиялык теңдемеси үчүн баштапкы-чектик маселе каралат. Бул маселени чечүү үчүн диффузиялык теңдеме үчүн фундаменталдык чыгарылышы жана Грин функциясы колдонулат жана анын жардамы менен бул маселенин чыгарылышы алынат. Чыгарылыш Монте-Карло ыкмасы менен тургузулат. Мындан тышкары, Монте-Карло ыкмасын колдонуу менен, чыгарылыштын жана анын туундуларынын асимптотикалык аралашпаган баалоорун алууга болот, ошондой эле кокустук параметрлери менен чечимдин ыктымалдык моменттерин баалоого болот. Диффузия теңдемелери үчүн биринчи баштапкы-чек ара маселесин чечүү үчүн көз каранды тесттер ыкмасын колдонуу менен Монте-Карло методу үчүн эффективдүү алгоритм сунушталган.
CHALLENGES, BARRIERS, AND SOLUTIONS IN PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPP): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Ibrahim Farah Binti , Jantan Amer Hamzah Bin 
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aims to systematically analyze and categorize the challenges, barriers, and solutions associated with Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) through a review of recent literature, providing actionable recommendations to improve PPP implementation and outcomes.

Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented. Institutional Theory, Governance Frameworks, Risk Management Theories, and Collaborative Governance, stand out, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation.

Method: The exploration of PPP challenges and barriers are conducted by analyzing recently published research on PPP through a systematic literature review. This to establish an understanding of challenges and barriers to suggest specific intervention effort and most ideal solution a to ease PPP issues.

Results and Discussion: The article analyzes 25 selected articles to develop specific categories by grouping together various challenges, barriers and solutions that can be deduced from the selected literatures discussing PPP implementation process to provide comprehensive view for both practical use and theoretical understanding.

Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing theoretical understanding and practical application of PPPs These implications could encompass a robust framework that can be utilized across various sectors and countries.

Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive synthesis of the challenges, barriers, and solutions associated with Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by its systematic categorization and analysis of these issues, which offers a structured approach to understanding the complexities of PPPs. By integrating diverse perspectives from multiple countries and sectors, this study advances the discourse on PPPs and enhances the generalizability of the findings.
The state of malaria in a rural-mission hospital in Nkhoma, Malawi
Authors: Crowley Bailey , O'Brien Éabha , Kabota Sam 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: In recent times, malaria has fallen out of the limelight due to an economical migration of populations into medium and higher income settings. Despite this, it remains endemic in 31 countries with 228 million cases per annum. In Malawi, the WHO have reported that all of its citizens are at risk of contracting the disease. In this study we hope to expand on the clinical data available at a rural mission hospital in Malawi, as well as highlight some of the external global health factors in such environments.
Methods: An observational retrospective cohort study looking at severe malaria admission in a paediatric population was conducted. The Nkhoma hospital Paediatric department was the centre of the data collection which focused on the diagnosis of severe malaria, as well as the signs and symptoms and treatment regimens of same.
Results: Severe malaria accounted for over 40% of all paediatric admissions in the month of May 2019. Patients suffered from anaemia (80%) and cerebral malaria (41%), as well as a host of generalised symptoms such as fever (95%), vomiting (36%), malaise (30%), and diarrhoea (21%). Promisingly, a strict and comprehensive treatment regime for severe malaria was in practice with artesunate, Lumefantrine used in ~100% of cases.
Conclusion: Sadly, malaria continues to create horrendous amounts of morbidity and mortality, but our united commitment to eradicating malaria is stronger than ever.
Risk assessment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in rural Maharashtra, India
Authors: Marwaha Shivika 
Published: October 2024

The research question I addressed was - “To what extent do socioeconomic factors influence the risk of developing lifestyle diseases such as Obesity, Hypertension and Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Rural and Urban Indian women aged 35-55 years?”. Having lived in the urban parts of India for the majority of my life, this opportunity exposed me to healthcare in rural India and language barriers due to the diversity of subIndian cultures.
Trends in novel psychoactive substance use and the impact of Irish legislative efforts
Authors: Mazurek Andrew , Bolster Margot 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are emerging at increasingly rapid rates, creating unpredictability in drug markets and ineffective drug policies. Ireland has a drug-induced mortality rate greater than three times the European average and the highest rate of NPS use. Given the scarcity of published literature, the National Advisory Committee on Drugs has recommended trends in NPS use be studied in order to facilitate appropriate public health measures.
Objectives: To critically evaluate the published literature on NPS and establish the health risks associated with their use, trends in drug-induced fatalities, and the efficacy of legislative policies in reducing NPS consumption.
Methods: A systematic search of Medline and PubMed was completed based on pre-defined inclusion criteria, and relevant studies were selected for comprehensive analysis.
Results: Clinical experiences of NPS abusers predominantly involved neurological or psychological symptoms, coupled with cardiovascular effects. While the overall prevalence of NPS presentations in Europe remains low, fatal overdoses were primarily attributed to acute overdose and commonly involved ingestion of synthetic cathinones. Legislation in 2010 resulted in decreased rates of recent and problematic NPS use, along with higher rates of negative user experiences. No significant displacement towards established illicit drugs was reported.
Conclusion: This systematic review has demonstrated the current state of knowledge regarding NPS within an Irish context. The trends in NPS prevalence and toxicity are important considerations for the development of effective drug monitoring or enforcement strategies. This knowledge is further relevant for emergency physicians and forensic pathologists in order to make accurate medical assessments.
A sustentabilidade no ensino dos programas de pós-graduação: uma análise dos PPGs de administração e ciências contábeis
Authors: Severo da Silva Cechin Fagundes Carina , Pasche Kunde Lidiane , Veiga Avila Lucas 
Published: October 2024

Nos programas de pós-graduação (PPG) o ensino para a sustentabilidade angariou oportunidades a partir da sua importância na formação de profissionais que irão atuar na ciência e no mercado empresarial de alta performance. O artigo tem como objetivo verificar como a sustentabilidade está inserida nos Planos de Ensino dos Cursos de Mestrado e Doutorado em administração e ciências contábeis das IES credenciadas na Capes. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de um protocolo nos sítios eletrônicos dos cursos, selecionando as seguintes variáveis: disciplinas ofertadas, regiões abrangidas, conceitos e obrigatoriedade. Os dados foram organizados em uma planilha e tratados com base em uma análise descritiva de frequência. Constatou-se que o curso de administração é o que que mais oferece disciplinas para sustentabilidade totalizando 73% no mestrado e 79% no doutorado, destas disciplinas mais de 50% são eletivas e bem específicas de cada IES, resultando numa menor reincidência de temas peculiares, como contabilidade sustentável que é encontrado em apenas seis instituições do país.
Palavras-Chave: Ensino para a Sustentabilidade. Instituição de Ensino Superior. Disciplinas de Sustentabilidade.

Abstract: In postgraduate programs (PGP), teaching for sustainability has gained opportunities due to its importance in training professionals who will work in science and in the high-performance business market. The aim of this article is to verify how sustainability is included in the Teaching Plans of Master's and Doctorate courses in administration and accounting sciences at HEIs accredited by Capes. Data was collected using a protocol on the courses' websites, selecting the following variables: subjects offered, regions covered, concepts and mandatory. The data was organized in a spreadsheet and processed using descriptive frequency analysis. It was found that the administration course is the one that offers the most sustainability subjects, totaling 73% in the master's degree and 79% in the doctorate, of which more than 50% are elective and very specific to each HEI, resulting in a lower recurrence of peculiar themes, such as sustainable accounting, which is found in only six institutions in the country.
Keywords: Teaching for Sustainability; Higher Education Institution; Sustainability subjects.
Combined endovascular interventions for pulmonary embolism at high altitude in Tibet
Authors: Yang Tengyan , Yang Jian 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundManaging pulmonary embolism (PE) at extremely high altitudes poses unique challenges due to harsh environmental conditions and limited healthcare resources.MethodThis study retrospectively analyzed Tibetan PE patients in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combined endovascular interventional therapy in high-altitude areas.ResultsThe average altitude of long-term residence for Tibetan patients was 3,863.4 ± 317.4 m, with an average age of 62.0 ± 16.0 years, and the time from computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) diagnosis to interventional treatment averaged 2.8 ± 2.2 days. The operation time for these patients was 106.1 ± 22.2 min, and the intraoperative dose of alteplase used was 23.3 ± 5.0 mg. All 9 patients reported profound remission of dyspnea and chest pain after endovascular interventions. The heart rate (p &lt; 0.05) and respiratory rate (p &lt; 0.001) of all enrolled patients were significantly decreased, and the peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) after interventions. No severe complications, such as bleeding, occurred in any patient.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the potential clinical benefits and feasibility of combined endovascular interventional therapy for treating acute PE in extreme high-altitude regions.
A Mendelian randomization study of the association between serum uric acid and osteoporosis risk
Authors: Wu Heng , Li Hairui , Dai Xiao , Dai Yu , Liu Hao , Xu Shuang , Huang Jinbang , Chi Hao , Wang Song 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and osteoporosis (OP) has yielded conflicting results in observational studies. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to elucidate the causal association between SUA and OP.MethodsA two-sample MR analysis was conducted using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Two sets of polygenic instruments strongly associated (p &lt; 5 × 10-8) with SUA were extracted from the CKDGen consortium and UK biobank. Polygenic instruments associated with OP (p &lt; 5 × 10-8) were derived from FinnGen biobank and UK biobank. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was employed as the primary analysis method. Additionally, we utilized MR-Egger, weighted median, the simple mode method, and the weighted mode as complementary analyses. Cochran’s Q statistics were used to assess heterogeneity, with MR-Egger intercept testing and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) to examine horizontal pleiotropy. Sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out method.ResultsThe IVW analysis conducted across four groups confirms no significant causal relationship between SUA concentration and OP: UKB-UKB (OR: 1.001, 95% CI: 0.999-1.003, p=0.464), CKD-UKB (OR: 1.001, 95% CI: 0.999-1.003, p=0.349), UKB-Fin (OR: 0.934, 95% CI: 0.747-1.168, p=0.549), CKD-Fin (OR: 1.041, 95%CI: 0.934-1.161, p=0.470). Furthermore, additional four MR analyses corroborated these findings. Upon excluding all outliers identified by the MR-PRESSO test, no significant directional pleiotropy was observed, except for some data heterogeneity noted in the UKB-UKB group (Q=50.65, P=0.002). Additionally, a leave-one-out analysis indicated that no single SNP exerted undue influence on the results.ConclusionThis MR analysis provides convincing genetic evidence that there is no causal association between SUA and OP, SUA is unlikely to increase or reduce the risk of OP.
A mobile health application use among diabetes mellitus patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Birhanu Tesema Etefa , Guracho Yonas Deressa , Asmare Selamawit Worku , Olana Diriba Dereje 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundMobile health technologies are increasingly acknowledged as a cost-effective and convenient means of delivering top-notch healthcare services to patients in low- and middle-income countries. This research explores the utilization of mobile health applications in managing, monitoring, and self-care for adult diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The objective is to gain insight into how diabetic patients currently utilize Mobile health applications for self-management and their inclination to use them in the future.MethodsThe authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. They included articles that reported on the use of mobile/smartphone applications for diabetic mellitus disorders, focusing on ownership, application use, future interest in use, and use patterns. The search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and SCOPUS electronic databases, with various published articles from January 2016 up to February 2024. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Statistical techniques were applied, including the heterogeneity test, publication bias assessment, Egger’s test, and funnel plots. The pooled prevalence was calculated using meta-analysis proportion with a random-effects model.ResultsThirteen studies were included, out of 4568 recognized articles. The pooled prevalence of mobile health application use for current diabetic management self-management, future interest in using the application for diabetic disorder self-management, and lack of belief in mobile health application users for self-management was 35%, 57%, and 39%, respectively. We observed significant heterogeneity (I2 = 97.7, p=&lt;0.001), but no significant publication bias was detected on Egger’s test.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis results show that over one-third of individuals use mobile health applications for diabetic self-management, and more than half of individuals would like to manage their diabetes mellitus in the future by using mobile health applications. These mobile health apps may be promising in future diabetes mellitus self-management. However, we still need to study the effectiveness of these apps. In addition, adopting mobile health apps based on the cultural context makes this self-management more achievable, practical, and impactful for individuals with diabetes.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier 42024537917.
Toll-like receptor 7 protects against intestinal inflammation and restricts the development of colonic tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells
Authors: Hamade Hussein , Tsuda Masato , Oshima Naoki , Stamps Dalton T. , Wong Michelle H. , Stamps Jasmine T. , Thomas Lisa S. , Salumbides Brenda C. , Jin Caroline , Nunnelee Jordan S. , Dhall Deepti , Targan Stephan R. , Michelsen Kathrin S. 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThe maintenance of intestinal homeostasis depends on a complex interaction between the immune system, intestinal epithelial barrier, and microbiota. Alteration in one of these components could lead to the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Variants within the autophagy gene ATG16L1 have been implicated in susceptibility and severity of Crohn’s disease (CD). Individuals carrying the risk ATG16L1 T300A variant have higher caspase 3-dependent degradation of ATG16L1 resulting in impaired autophagy and increased cellular stress. ATG16L1-deficiency induces enhanced IL-1β secretion in dendritic cells in response to bacterial infection. Infection of ATG16L1-deficient mice with a persistent strain of murine norovirus renders these mice highly susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium colitis. Moreover, persistent norovirus infection leads to intestinal virus specific CD8+ T cells responses. Both Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), which recognizes single-stranded RNA viruses, and ATG16L1, which facilitates the delivery of viral nucleic acids to the autolysosome endosome, are required for anti-viral immune responses.Results and discussionHowever, the role of the enteric virome in IBD is still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of TLR7 and ATG16L1 in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. At steady state, Tlr7-/- mice have a significant increase in large intestinal lamina propria (LP) granzyme B+ tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) cells compared to WT mice, reminiscent of persistent norovirus infection. Deletion of Atg16l1 in myeloid (Atg16l1ΔLyz2) or dendritic cells (Atg16l1ΔCd11c) leads to a similar increase of LP TRM. Furthermore, Tlr7-/- and Atg16l1ΔCd11c mice were more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium colitis with an increase in disease activity index, histoscore, and increased secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Treatment of Atg16l1ΔCd11c mice with the TLR7 agonist Imiquimod attenuated colonic inflammation in these mice. Our data demonstrate that ATG16L1-deficiency in myeloid and dendritic cells leads to an increase in LP TRM and consequently to increased susceptibility to colitis by impairing the recognition of enteric viruses by TLR7.ConclusionIn conclusion, the convergence of ATG16L1 and TLR7 signaling pathways plays an important role in the immune response to intestinal viruses. Our data suggest that activation of the TLR7 signaling pathway could be an attractive therapeutic target for CD patients with ATG16L1 risk variants.
Association of frailty and serum neurofilament light chain levels: the mediating role of estimated glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Yang Wei , Huang Shan , Xiao Huanshun , Tao Pei , Cai Shuangming 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundBoth frailty and elevated serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels are linked to cognitive impairment. However, evidence of their relationship is lacking, and whether it was mediated by renal function was unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between frailty and sNfL levels in a representative U.S. population, and to explore the potential mediating role of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in this relationship.MethodsData from 1,782 participants aged 20–75 years in the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Frailty was assessed using a 49-item frailty index, and participants were categorized as non-frail, pre-frail, or frail. sNfL levels were measured using acoustic emission technology. Multivariable linear regression models and restricted cubic spline analyses were employed to examine the associations between frailty, eGFR, and sNfL levels. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the role of eGFR in the frailty-sNfL relationship.ResultsThe prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty was 45.39 and 11.60%, respectively. A significant positive association was observed between frailty score and sNfL levels (adjusted β: 39.97, SE: 11.07, p = 0.003), with a linear relationship confirmed by restricted cubic spline analysis. Frail individuals had significantly higher sNfL levels compared to non-frail participants (adjusted β: 11.86, SE: 5.42, p = 0.04). eGFR was negatively associated with sNfL levels (adjusted β: -0.23, SE: 0.05, p &lt; 0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that eGFR accounted for 12.52% of the total effect of frailty on sNfL levels (p &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionThis study demonstrates a significant association between frailty and elevated sNfL levels in a representative U.S. population, with eGFR partially mediating this relationship. These findings suggest that sNfL may serve as a potential biomarker for frailty-related neuronal damage and highlight the importance of kidney function in this association. Further research is warranted to explore the clinical implications of these findings in frailty assessment and management strategies.