bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of research education on student nurse attitude, skill and uptake of evidence‐based practice: a descriptive longitudinal survey
Authors: Leach Matthew J , Hofmeyer Anne , Bobridge Amanda 
Published: January 2016

Aims and ObjectivesTo measure the impact of an undergraduate research education program on the attitude, skill and uptake of evidence‐based practice among undergraduate student nurses.BackgroundThe contribution of evidence‐based practice to clinical decision‐making, quality of care and patient outcomes is well‐documented. One approach to improving evidence‐based practice uptake in clinical practice is through the provision of undergraduate research education; notwithstanding, the impact of research training on nursing practice is poorly established.DesignDescriptive longitudinal survey.MethodsThree hundred and fifty four third‐year nursing students enrolled in a Bachelor of Nursing program of a large Australian University were invited. Pre‐ (Phase 1) and post‐completion (Phase 2) of a 16‐week research education program, participants were asked to complete the Evidence‐Based Practice Attitude and Utilization Survey; an 82‐item online questionnaire measuring attitudes, skills and use of evidence‐based practice, and barriers and facilitators of evidence‐based practice uptake.ResultsThe survey was completed by 84 (24%) participants in Phase 1 and 33 (39% of Phase 1) participants in Phase 2. Program exposure resulted in a significant improvement in median skill and use subscores, but not median attitude subscore. Participants perceived inadequate skills in the interpretation, appraisal and application of research findings to clinical practice as being less of a barrier to evidence‐based practice uptake posteducation, and access to online critical appraisal tools as being significantly more useful in facilitating evidence‐based practice uptake posteducation.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that undergraduate research education may have a significant effect on nursing students' research skills and use of evidence‐based practice, and minimise barriers to evidence‐based practice uptake posteducation.Relevance to clinical practiceUndergraduate research education may play an important role in improving student nurse uptake of evidence‐based practice; whether these changes can be sustained when transitioning from student nurse to registered nurse is a question for further research.
Conglomerate Investment, Skewness, and the CEO Long‐Shot Bias
Authors: SCHNEIDER CHRISTOPH , SPALT OLIVER 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTDo behavioral biases of executives matter for corporate investment decisions? Using segment‐level capital allocation in multisegment firms (“conglomerates”) as a laboratory, we show that capital expenditure is increasing in the expected skewness of segment returns. Conglomerates invest more in high‐skewness segments than matched stand‐alone firms, and trade at a discount, which indicates overinvestment that is detrimental to shareholder wealth. Using geographical variation in gambling norms, we find that the skewness‐investment relation is particularly pronounced when CEOs are likely to find long shots attractive. Our findings suggest that CEOs allocate capital with a long‐shot bias.
Clinical Outcomes of Bioresorbable Scaffold in Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Keh Yann Shan , Yap Jonathan , Yeo Khung Keong , Koh Tian Hai , Eeckhout Eric 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesWe aim to perform a systematic literature review on all studies reporting the clinical outcomes of the use of bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) in different settings of coronary artery disease (CAD).BackgroundBRS are designed to provide early support of the vessel wall postangioplasty, deliver antiproliferative agents to prevent excessive hyperplastic healing responses and finally “disappear” when no longer required. Emerging data have provided evidence of their use in specific clinical scenarios.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed by 2 independent reviewers utilizing MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. The only 2 CE marked BRS: everolimus‐eluting Bioresorbable vascular scaffold ABSORB BVS and the myolimus‐eluting DESolve Bioresorbable Coronary Scaffold (BCS) System were included.ResultsThe studies were categorized into: ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), stable CAD, and “all‐comers” group. Thirty‐one studies were included; 8 in STEMI patients (all ABSORB), 15 in stable CAD patients. In the STEMI group (n = 606), acute procedural success ranged from 96% to 100%, cardiac mortality 0–9.1%, recurrent MI and stent thrombosis rates were 0–4.3%. In the stable CAD group, the 13 ABSORB studies (n = 3259) demonstrated cardiac mortality rate of 0–0.6%, recurrent MI rate 0–4.5%, and stent thrombosis rate 0–4.3%ConclusionsCurrent clinical data suggest the BRS, especially the ABSORB BVS, may represent a reasonable alternative to DES in uncomplicated coronary anatomy. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:57–69)
Comparative Institutional Analysis and Institutional Complexity
Authors: Ahmadjian Christina L. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTFor multinational corporations (MNEs), the ability to navigate institutional complexity is a key to success or failure. MNEs face a complex landscape of national institutional differences in the countries in which they do business, and decisions on how to respond to these differences are very much strategic ones, reflecting agency and management skill. To understand how institutional complexity affects MNE behaviour, it is necessary to examine how institutions vary on a national or societal level and how these affect firm structure and capabilities in both home and host countries.
The politics of identity, recognition and multiculturalism: the Kurds in Turkey
Authors: Kuzu Durukan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe politics of identity and recognition regarding the Kurds in Turkey has gained momentum since 2002 but has never been implemented fully. The rightful critics emphasising the continuity of the State's authoritarian character, however, have not so far analysed if their own normative suggestions are theoretically consistent and sociologically grounded. Based on the Author's fieldwork and contemporary social surveys, this article shows that there are conflicting views within the Kurdish community about the forms that the politics of recognition could take. By exploring the conflicts of interest within the Kurdish community from a bottom‐up approach, the article concludes that the recognition of an authentic Kurdish identity is problematic sociologically. It is also more likely to harm than help the Kurds in the country from a normative perspective. The article explains how the quest for an authentic Kurdish political identity and attempts to generate it actually limit the individual autonomy and exacerbate the disparity between the Turks and the Kurds in the country.
Loss of miR‐125b contributes to upregulation of CYP24 in uraemic rats
Authors: Wang Lihua , Gao Zhiying , Wang Lili , Gao Yongning 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimAbnormal upregulation of CYP24 contributes to vitamin D insufficiency and resistance to vitamin D therapy in chronic kidney disease (CKD), because human CYP24 is a key enzyme involved in the inactivation of 1a,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1a,25(OH)2D3; calcitriol) and 1,25(OH)2D3. There are multiple mechanisms regulating CYP24 in a variety of types of tissues and diseases. An increasing body of evidence suggests that microRNA‐125b (miR‐125b) plays an important role in post‐transcriptional regulation of CYP24 mRNA.MethodsWe sought to test hypothesis that abnormal elevation of CYP24 in CKD is a consequence of loss of miR‐125b in CKD in a uraemia rat model.ResultsWe found that expression of miR‐125b was significantly inhibited in uraemic rats coupled with increased CYP24 at both protein and mRNA levels compared with normal controls. In NRK‐52 kidney cells, we further found that miR‐125b antagomirs increased CYP24 but miR‐125b mimics decreased CYP24, and luciferase assay confirmed that CYP24 is a direct target of miR‐125b. Vitamin D status exerted no significant effects on expression of both miR‐125b and CYP24 in uraemic rats.ConclusionThese results suggest that modulation of miR‐125b may be used for treatment of Vitamin D insufficiency in CKD.
Modulation of vagal tone enhances gastroduodenal motility and reduces somatic pain sensitivity
Authors: Frøkjær J. B. , Bergmann S. , Brock C. , Madzak A. , Farmer A. D. , Ellrich J. , Drewes A. M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe parasympathetic nervous system, whose main neural substrate is the vagus nerve, exerts a fundamental antinociceptive role and influences gastrointestinal sensori‐motor function. Our research question was to whether combined electrical and physiological modulation of vagal tone, using transcutaneous electrical vagal nerve stimulation (t‐VNS) and deep slow breathing (DSB) respectively, could increase musculoskeletal pain thresholds and enhance gastroduodenal motility in healthy subjects.MethodsEighteen healthy subjects were randomized to a subject‐blinded, sham‐controlled, cross‐over study with an active protocol including stimulation of auricular branch of the vagus nerve, and breathing at full inspiratory capacity and forced full expiration. Recording of cardiac derived parameters including cardiac vagal tone, moderate pain thresholds to muscle, and bone pressure algometry, conditioned pain modulation using a cold pressor test and a liquid meal ultrasonographic gastroduodenal motility test were performed.Key ResultsCardiac vagal tone increased during active treatment with t‐VNS and DSB compared to sham (p = 0.009). In comparison to sham, thresholds to bone pain increased (p = 0.001), frequency of antral contractions increased (p = 0.004) and gastroduodenal motility index increased (p = 0.016) with active treatment. However, no effect on muscle pain thresholds and conditioned pain modulation was seen.Conclusions & InferencesThis experimental study suggests that this noninvasive approach with combined electrical and physiological modulation of vagal tone enhances gastroduodenal motility and reduces somatic pain sensitivity. These findings warrant further investigation in patients with disorders characterized with chronic pain and gastrointestinal dysmotility such as functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome.
The Macro‐Regional Scale of Silver Production in Iberia During the First Millennium BC in the Context of Mediterranean Contacts
Authors: Murillo‐Barroso Mercedes , Montero‐Ruiz Ignacio , Rafel Nuria , Hunt Ortiz Mark A. , Armada Xosé‐Lois 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe extraction of silver has traditionally been considered as one of the main incentives for the Phoenician expansion throughout the Mediterranean and their settlement in Iberia. In this paper, we approach the organization of silver production in Iberia during the Early Iron Age through the study of the evidence of production currently available and the development of Lead Isotope Analysis (LIA). Previous results (Hunt 2003; Stos Gale 2001; Kassianidou 1992) are considered in the light of new data.The extraction of silver from complex minerals noticeably intensifies in south‐west Iberia. Imports of exogenous lead, needed for the extraction of silver from these complex minerals, are evident. Supplies of lead come in from other regions of Iberia, such as Gádor, Cartagena/Mazarrón, Linares or even the mining district of Molar‐Belmunt‐Falset (MBF) in Catalonia. This picture reveals that the organization of silver production was much more complex than initially thought, with the articulation of an exchange network of raw materials at a macro‐territorial scale embracing almost all Iberia. The socioeconomic implications that control of these networks of lead distribution could have had are also discussed.
New QTLs for lint percentage and boll weight mined in introgression lines from two feral landraces into Gossypium hirsutum acc TM‐1
Authors: Zhang Shuwen , Feng Liuchun , Xing Luting , Yang Biao , Gao Xiang , Zhu Xiefei , Zhang Tianzhen , Zhou Baoliang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOveruse of a small number of Upland cotton cultivars has narrowed cotton's genetic base, leading to major difficulties in developing cotton cultivars with diverse genetic backgrounds that are able to adapt to adverse conditions. To effectively broaden the genetic base, chromosome introgression lines (ILs) were developed, where TM‐1, the genetic standard of Upland cotton, was used as the common recipient and its two feral landraces, TX‐256 and TX‐1046, were used as the donors. A total of 115 ILs, with an average segment length of 11.15 cM, were first developed via intraspecific hybridization by marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in BC3F2 generations, spanning 3887.75 cM of the cotton genome. Association analysis showed that 63 markers were found to be associated with boll weight (BW), lint percentage (LP) and seed index. The percent of phenotypic variance explained by 148 QTLs detected was 4.12% on average. Eleven and five new QTLs for BW and LP (one stable QTL identified for LP in all environments) were detected, respectively, which can be used for efficiently pyramiding favourable alleles into one cultivar by MAS.
Taking Turns at the Ballot Box: Selective Participation as a New Perspective on Low Turnout
Authors: Dermont Clau 
Published: January 2016

AbstractParticipation research on voting usually considers only one vote or election, and therefore separates citizens into the categories of participants and absentees. Consequently, low turnout often is discussed to mean that citizens are either not interested in or fed up with the political system. This paper argues that this cross‐sectional perspective severely underestimates political participation particularly in democracies in which citizens regularly are asked to vote using direct democratic ballot measures. Taking into account not just one but 15 ballot decisions simultaneously, this paper demonstrates that a majority of citizens participates only selectively, and therefore voluntarily chooses to abstain. Using official turnout data, which enables the tracking of individuals’ participative behaviour over time in a Swiss commune, this paper demonstrates that selective participation is indeed a relevant empirical phenomenon and presents first conclusions about who participates selectively and when these individuals are mobilized.
Bragg Edge Neutron Transmission Strain Tomography in Granular Systems
Authors: Wensrich C. M. , Hendriks J. N. , Meylan M. H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe advent of pixelated detectors for time‐of‐flight neutron transmission experiments has raised significant interest in terms of the potential for tomographic reconstructions of triaxial strain distributions. A recent publication by Lionheart and Withers [WRB Lionheart and PJ Withers, “Diffraction tomography of strain”, Inverse Problems, v31:045005, 2015] has demonstrated that reconstruction is not possible in the general sense; however, various special cases may exist. In this paper, we outline a process by which it is possible to tomographically reconstruct average triaxial elastic strains within individual particles in a granular assembly from a series of Bragg edge strain measurements. This algorithm is tested on simulated data in two and three dimensions and is shown to be capable of rejecting Gaussian measurement noise. Sources of systematic error that may present problems in an experimental implementation are briefly discussed.
Whose Place is This Anyway? Reflecting upon Hospitality and Higher Education
Authors: Loewen Nathan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this essay I propose that using online tools to connect geographically‐separated classrooms for real‐time collaborative learning experiences may effectively develop intercultural competency in the religious studies classroom. I explore personal examples from several international and inter‐institutional collaborations with Jacques Derrida's reflections on hospitality to explain how using online tools in this way productively puts into question conventions about place, host, and guest. This engagement of students in collaboration with others beyond their classroom is effective because it takes the focus of learning past facts students might learn towards how they are communicating to learn.
An Intriguing Third Way: Mapping Contextual Education for Curricular Integration
Authors: Wigg‐Stevenson Natalie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article emerges from the experience of incorporating doctoral students into our Contextual Education (CXE) Program at Emmanuel College (Toronto). This change, I argue, helped us to distinguish more clearly among and thus distinctly orient the different kinds of relationships and theological practices that make up our program towards the often‐elusive goal of curricular integration. After outlining a definition of integration, I contextualize that definition in our particular practices at Emmanuel College using Kathryn Tanner's (1997) understanding of theology as a cultural practice as my guide. I then offer a brief overview of our CXE Programs to demonstrate how nurturing strategic partnerships within them has made certain forms of integration possible for our students. I close with some activities for practical application in other CXE contexts.
Diversity and Evolution of the Tn
5801-tet
(M)-Like Integrative and Conjugative Elements among Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus
Authors: León-Sampedro Ricardo , Novais Carla , Peixe Luísa , Baquero Fernando , Coque Teresa M. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

This work describes the diversity and evolution of Tn
5801
among enterococci, staphylococci, and streptococci based on analysis of the 5,073 genomes of these bacterial groups available in gene databases. We also examined 610 isolates of
Enterococcus
(from 10 countries, 1987 to 2010) for the presence of this and other known CTn-
tet
(M) elements due to the scarcity of data about Tn
5801
among enterococci. Genome location (by I
Ceu
-I–pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] hybridization/integration site identification), conjugation and fitness (by standard methods), Tn
5801
characterization (by long-PCR mapping/sequencing), and clonality (by PFGE/multilocus sequence typing [MLST]) were studied. Twenty-three Tn
5801
variants (17 unpublished) clustered in two groups, designated “A” (25 kb;
n
= 14; predominant in
Staphylococcus aureus
) and “B” (20 kb;
n
= 9; predominant in
Streptococcus agalactiae
). The percent GC content of the common backbone suggests a streptococcal origin of Tn
5801
group B, with further acquisition of a 5-kb fragment that resulted in group A. Deep sequence analysis allowed identification of variants associated with clonal lineages of
S. aureus
(clonal complex 8 [CC8], sequence type 239 [ST239]),
S. agalactiae
(CC17),
Enterococcus faecium
(ST17/ST18), or
Enterococcus faecalis
(ST8), local variants, or variants located in different species and geographical areas. All Tn
5801
elements were chromosomally located upstream of the
guaA
gene, which serves as an integration hot spot. Transferability was demonstrated only for Tn
5801
type B among
E. faecalis
clonal backgrounds, which eventually harbored another Tn
5801
copy. The study documents early acquisition of Tn
5801
by
Enterococcus
,
Staphylococcus
, and
Streptococcus
. Clonal waves of these pathogens seem to have contributed to the geographical spread and local evolution of the transposon. Horizontal transfer, also demonstrated, could explain the variability observed, with the isolates often containing sequences of different origins.
Kinetics of the Interaction between BAL29880 and LK157 and the Class C β-Lactamase CHE-1
Authors: Fernea Adriana , Galleni Moreno , Frère Jean-Marie 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

The chromosome-encoded class C β-lactamase CHE-1 produced by
Enterobacter cloacae
exhibits a lower sensitivity to avibactam than the P99 enzyme from which it is derived by a 6-residue deletion in the H-10 helix. In the present study, we investigated the sensitivity of CHE-1 to two other β-lactamase inhibitors: LK-157 (or Lek 157), a tricyclic β-lactam, and BAL29880, a bridged monobactam. With both compounds, the second-order rate constants for inactivation were significantly lower for CHE-1, which can thus be considered an inactivator-resistant mutant of P99. However, the second-order rate constant for the inactivation by BAL29880 probably remains adequate for a rather rapid reaction with CHE-1 in the absence of protection by the substrate.
Microbiological and Clinical Effects of Sitafloxacin and Azithromycin in Periodontitis Patients Receiving Supportive Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Nakajima Takako , Okui Takafumi , Ito Harue , Nakajima Mayuka , Honda Tomoyuki , Shimada Yasuko , Tabeta Koichi , Akazawa Kohei , Yamazaki Kazuhisa 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Sitafloxacin (STFX) is a newly developed quinolone that has robust antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic bacteria. We previously reported that oral administration of STFX during supportive periodontal therapy was as effective as conventional mechanical debridement under local anesthesia microbiologically and clinically for 3 months. The aim of the present study was to examine the short-term and long-term microbiological and clinical effects of systemic STFX and azithromycin (AZM) on active periodontal pockets during supportive periodontal therapy. Fifty-one patients receiving supportive periodontal therapy were randomly allocated to the STFX group (200 mg/day of STFX for 5 days) or the AZM group (500 mg/day of AZM for 3 days). The microbiological and clinical parameters were examined until 12 months after the systemic administration of each drug. The concentration of each drug in periodontal pockets and the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates were also analyzed. The proportions of red complex bacteria, i.e.,
Porphyromonas gingivalis
,
Treponema denticola
, and
Tannerella forsythia
, which are the representative periodontopathic bacteria, were significantly reduced at 1 month and remained lower at 12 months than those at baseline in both the STFX and AZM groups. Clinical parameters were significantly improved over the 12-month period in both groups. An increase in the MIC of AZM against clinical isolates was observed in the AZM group. These results indicate that monotherapy with systemic STFX and AZM might be an alternative treatment during supportive periodontal therapy in patients for whom invasive mechanical treatment is inappropriate. (This study has been registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network-Clinical Trials Registry [UMIN-CTR] under registration number UMIN000007834.)