bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crossing the road while playing a mobile game app – effects of age, environmental load and game complexity
Authors: Danielle Rokni , Hagai Tapiro , Yisrael Parmet , Tal Oron-Gilad 
Published: September 2017

Children are a high-risk group for motor vehicle injuries, and characterized also by extensive use of mobile phones. We investigated the influence of playing a mobile phone game on crossing behavior of children relative to adults. Our hypotheses were that: a) game use will affect pedestrian’s crossing behavior for all age groups; and b) increase in the complexity of the game will cause greater impact on crossing behavior. Twenty-seven children and twenty-one adults (mean=25.3, sd=1.5) participated. Children were divided into two ages; nine children aged 9-10 (mean=9.2, sd=0.4), and eighteen children aged 11-13 (mean=11.9, sd=0.6). The experiment took place in our Dome pedestrian simulator. Twelve simulated street-crossing scenarios, each lasting for 60-90 seconds; six in each environmental load (high/low clutter). Scenarios were presented from a pedestrian point of view, as if they were standing on the curb on one side of the road facing to the other side of a two lane street with two-way traffic. Street surround sounds were embedded in the scene. A dedicated smartphone game was built. The aim of the game was to identify as many dots in a predefined color specified for the participant at the beginning of the game. Identification is implemented by clicking on the desired color dot. The complexity of the game depended on the dots’ appearance rate on the screen, the dots’ growing rate, and the allowed overlap between different dots. Participants were asked to decide when to cross the virtual road, and indicate their decision by pressing a foot pedal. Each pedal step and its time of occurrence was recorded and the scenario was then stopped. In eight out of the twelve scenarios (four in each load), participants were asked to play the game while attempting to cross the road. Safety gap was significantly shorter when the complexity of the game was high and the visual load was low, for all age groups. No change in safety gap was found while using the mobile phone in a high load environment for 11-13 year-olds and adults. Hence, they maintained the same performance, with or without the use of the phone and regardless of game complexity. This was not the case for those aged 9-10, whose performance suffered as a result of the use of the phone, especially in the high level of game complexity. Possibly, in loaded environments the 11-13 and adults balanced their attention between the crossing environment and the game, something they have not done in cases of low environmental load. It seems that, only when the environment was more complex, these two age groups ‘put their phone aside’ and turned their attention on the crossing task, which they may have regarded as more difficult under these conditions. However, children aged 9-10 have not been able to do so. Presumably, the environmental load did not change their behavior.
Applied Force and sEMG Muscle Activity Required To Operate Pistol Grip Control in an Electric Utility Aerial Bucket
Authors: Marklin Richard W. , Slightam Jonathon E. , Nagurka Mark L. , Wolff Trent M. , Garces Casey D. , Krishen Lovely 
Published: September 2017

Electric utility line workers report high levels of fatigue in forearm muscles when operating a conventional pistol grip control in aerial buckets. This study measured the applied force and surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals from four upper extremity muscles required to operate the pistol grip control in two tasks. The first task was movement of the pistol grip in six directions (up/down, forward/rearward, clockwise/counter-clockwise), and the second task was movement of the bucket from its resting position on the truck bed to an overhead conductor on top of a 40 ft tall pole. The force applied to the pistol grip was measured in 14 aerial bucket trucks, and sEMG activity was measured on eight apprentice line workers. The applied force required to move the pistol grip control in the six directions ranged from 12 to 15 lb. The sEMG activity in the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) forearm muscle was approximately twice as great or more than the other three muscles (flexor digitorum superficialis, triceps, and biceps). Line workers exerted 14 to 30% MVCEMG to move the pistol grip in the six directions. Average %MVCEMG of the EDC to move the bucket from the truck platform to an overhead line ranged from 26 to 30% across the four phases of the task. The sEMG findings from this study provide physiologic evidence to support the anecdotal reports of muscle fatigue from line workers after using the pistol grip control for repeated, long durations.
Wearable Technologies: How Will We Overcome Barriers to Enhance Worker Performance, Health, And Safety?
Authors: Reid Christopher R. , Schall Mark C. , Amick Ryan Z. , Schiffman Jeffrey M. , Lu Ming-Lun , Smets Marty , Moses Haifa R. , Porto Ryan 
Published: September 2017

Wearable technologies are changing the way that people interact with the world. Personal physical activity monitors are becoming ubiquitous in our society and are helping to advance user health and performance, yet, many workplaces have not broadly adopted the technologies beyond either low fidelity/complexity pedometer-based applications or, inversely, high fidelity/complexity lab- based evaluations. Considering adoption of wearable technologies in the workplace, some technology-related concerns include; (1) types of data needed to be captured (motion, muscle, temperature, etc.), (2) constraints of sensor design, such as human-sensor system integration (embedded in clothing versus strapped to person), ruggedness, form factor, or weight, and (3) types of data interpretation and feedback applications that exist to translate data into useful information (communication, trend mapping, situational awareness). From the research design perspective, there is difficulty in conducting studies capable of demonstrating a safety or productivity that supports employing wearable technology in the workplace. Difficulties include poor access to workplaces and varied worker populations to conduct research, lack of funding, and the need for extended time periods to demonstrate utility (often longer than the lifecycle of the technology in question). Considering the industry perspective, barriers to adopting wearable technologies include lack of convincing data, cost, and anticipation of reduced productivity, poor usability, and/or information overload. Additionally, employee privacy concerns and public policy implications may provide challenges. Another potential barrier may be that some practitioners, however, believe that innovative technologies may be adopted without rigorous testing. This may have short term success to garner interest but may create a barrier to adoption in the long term if the devices are found to have no near or mid- term efficacy. The overarching goal of the session will be to improve understanding of different perspectives as it relates to the use, barriers, and adoption of wearable technologies and generate discussion for overcoming such barriers to improve the process of research to practice to research (RtPtR). The panelists are from a variety of industry sectors and academia. The session will begin with a 5- minute introductory statement from each panelist; therefore, most of the session will be a discussion between panelists and audience.
Safety and effectiveness of the Phoenix Atherectomy System in lower extremity arteries: Early and midterm outcomes from the prospective multicenter EASE study
Authors: Davis Thomas , Ramaiah Venkatesh , Niazi Khusrow , Martin Gissler Hans , Crabtree Tami 
Published: September 2017

Objectives To evaluate the novel Phoenix Atherectomy System as percutaneous treatment of de novo and restenotic infrainguinal arterial lesions. Methods This prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized investigational device exemption trial was conducted across 16 US and German centers between August 2010 and April 2013. Intention-to-treat enrollment was 128 patients (mean age: 71.8 years, 59% male) with 149 lesions (mean length: 34 mm, mean diameter stenosis: 89.5%), and the primary analysis per-protocol population consisted of 105 patients with 123 lesions. The primary efficacy endpoint, technical success, was the achievement of acute debulking with a post-atherectomy residual diameter stenosis ≤50% (before adjunctive therapy). The primary safety endpoint was the major adverse event (MAE) rate through 30 days. Results For the primary analysis per-protocol population, the rate of lesion technical success was 95.1% (117/123), with the lower limit of the 95% CI 90.6%, meeting the prospectively established target performance goal of ≥86%. After post-atherectomy adjunctive therapy, residual stenosis was ≤30% for 99.2% (122/123) of lesions (mean final diameter stenosis 10.5%). Improvement of ≥1 Rutherford class occurred for 74.5% of patients through 30 days and for 80% through six months. MAEs were experienced by 5.7% (6/105) of patients through 30 days (with the upper limit of the 95% CI 11.0%, meeting the target performance goal of <20%), and 16.8% through six months. Six-month freedom from TLR and TVR was 88.0% and 86.1%, respectively. Conclusions Based on the high rate of technical success and the low rates of MAEs through six months, the Phoenix Atherectomy System is safe and effective for the debulking of lower-extremity arterial lesions. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01541774
Multi-level differential network analysis of COPD exacerbations
Authors: Noell Guillaume , Cosío Borja G. , Faner Rosa , Monsó Eduard , Peces-Barba German , de Diego Alfredo , Esteban Cristobal , Gea Joaquim , Rodriguez-Roisin Robert , Garcia-Nuñez Marian , Pozo-Rodriguez Francisco , Kalko Susana G. , Agustí Alvar 
Published: September 2017

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often suffer episodes of exacerbation (ECOPD) that impact negatively the course of their disease. ECOPD are heterogeneous events of unclear pathobiology and non-specific diagnosis. Network analysis is a novel research approach that can help unravelling complex biological systems. We hypothesised that the comparison of multi-level (i.e., clinical, physiological, biological, imaging and microbiological) correlation networks determined during ECOPD and convalescence can yield novel patho-biologic information.In this proof-of-concept study we included 86 patients hospitalised because of ECOPD in a multicentre study in Spain. Patients were extensively characterised both during the first 72 h of hospitalisation and during clinical stability, at least 3 months after hospital discharge.We found that 1) episodes of ECOPD are characterised by disruption of the network correlation observed during convalescence; and 2) a panel of biomarkers that include increased levels of dyspnoea, circulating neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) has a high predictive value for ECOPD diagnosis (AUC 0.97).We conclude that ECOPD 1) are characterised by disruption of network homeokinesis that exists during convalescence; and 2) can be identified objectively by using a panel of three biomarkers (dyspnoea, circulating neutrophils and CRP levels) frequently determined in clinical practice.
Systems medicine advances in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Greiffo Flavia R. , Eickelberg Oliver , Fernandez Isis E. 
Published: September 2017

Fibrotic lung diseases involve subject–environment interactions, together with dysregulated homeostatic processes, impaired DNA repair and distorted immune functions. Systems medicine-based approaches are used to analyse diseases in a holistic manner, by integrating systems biology platforms along with clinical parameters, for the purpose of understanding disease origin, progression, exacerbation and remission.Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) refer to a heterogeneous group of complex fibrotic diseases. The increase of systems medicine-based approaches in the understanding of ILDs provides exceptional advantages by improving diagnostics, unravelling phenotypical differences, and stratifying patient populations by predictable outcomes and personalised treatments. This review discusses the state-of-the-art contributions of systems medicine-based approaches in ILDs over the past 5 years.
Insulin-Deficient Mouseβ-Cells Do Not Fully Mature but Can Be Remedied Through Insulin Replacement by Islet Transplantation
Authors: Ramzy Adam , Mojibian Majid , Kieffer Timothy J 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInsulin receptor (IR) insufficiency in β-cells leads to impaired insulin secretion and reduced β-cell hyperplasia in response to hyperglycemia. Selective IR deficiency in β-cells in later embryological development may lead to compensatory β-cell hyperplasia. Although these findings suggest insulin signaling on the β-cell is important for β-cell function, they are confounded by loss of signaling by the insulinlike growth factors through the IR. To determine whether insulin itself is necessary for β-cell development and maturation, we performed a characterization of pancreatic islets in mice with deletions of both nonallelic insulin genes (Ins1−/−Ins2−/−). We immunostained neonatal Ins1−/−Ins2−/− and Ins1+/+Ins2+/+ pancreata and performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction on isolated neonatal islets. Insulin-deficient islets had reduced expression of factors normally expressed in maturing β-cells, including muscoloaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A, homeodomain transcription factor 6.1, and glucose transporter 2. Ins1−/−Ins2−/−β-cells expressed progenitor factors associated with stem cells or dedifferentiated β-cells, including v-myc avian myolocytomatosis viral oncogene lung carcinoma derived and homeobox protein NANOG. We replaced insulin by injection or islet transplantation to keep mice alive into adulthood to determine whether insulin replacement was sufficient for the completed maturation of insulin-deficient β-cells. Short-term insulin glargine (Lantus®) injections partially rescued the β-cell phenotype, whereas long-term replacement of insulin by isogenic islet transplantation supported the formation of more mature β-cells. Our findings suggest that tightly regulated glycemia, insulin species, or other islet factors are necessary for β-cell maturation.
Arylboration of Internal Alkynes by Cooperative Palladium/Copper Catalysis
Authors: Semba Kazuhiko , Yoshizawa Megumi , Ohtagaki Yasuhiro , Nakao Yoshiaki 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A versatile method for the arylboration of internal alkynes with aryl chlorides or bromides and bis(pinacolato)diboron has been developed. This method tolerates various functional groups, including acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, cyano, and fluoro substituents, and affords a range of tri-substituted vinylboronates, which are highly useful intermediates for the synthesis of tetra-substituted ethenes, in high yield and regioselectivity.
Monitoring the compliance of the academic enterprise with the Fair Labor Standards Act
Authors: Bankston Adriana , McDowell Gary S. 
Published: September 2017

Background: On December 1, 2016, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) was due to be updated by the U.S. Department of Labor. Key changes included an increase in the salary threshold for exemption from overtime for working more than 40 hours per week, and indexing the salary level so that it is updated automatically every 3 years. This was predicted to have a profound effect on academe as postdoctoral researchers were mostly paid at a salary below the new threshold. On November 22, 2016, an injunction was granted nationwide, delaying implementation of the updates, which were finally struck down entirely on August 31, 2017. Here we review the key changes to the FLSA, how they came about, and how the postdoctoral population was affected. Methods: We describe recent data collection efforts to uncover what institutions with postdocs were doing to comply with the FLSA. Results: Our data showed that 57% of institutions checked (containing 41% of the estimated postdoctoral workforce in science, engineering and health) had not decided or had no public decision available one month prior to implementation, and only 35.5% of institutions were planning to raise salaries to the new minimum. After the injunction, a number of institutions and the NIH continued with their plans to raise salaries. Overall, despite the removal of a federal mandate, approximately 60% of postdocs are at institutions whose policy is to raise salaries. Conclusions: Our data show uncertainty in postdoctoral salaries in the U.S. prior to implementation of the FLSA ruling. In addition, while some institutions did suspend plans to raise postdoctoral salaries after the injunction, many continued with the raise. The implementation of postdoctoral salary raises may be inconsistent, however, as the legal minimum is still $23,660.
Immunoexpression of P63 and SOX2 in triple-negative breast cancers, Indonesia
Authors: Kamarlis Reno K , Lubis Muhammad ND , Hernowo Bethy S , Harapan Harapan , Kar Azmi S 
Published: September 2017

Background: Using immunohistochemical stains to target specific breast cancer markers has become indispensable for evaluation of small diagnostic tissue specimens, and therefore novel marker cocktails for specific breast cancers are required. This study was conducted to assess the immunoexpression of P63 and SOX2 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), and to evaluate the predictive diagnostic value of these markers for specific types of TNBC.Methods: Histological slides and paraffin blocks of TNBC cases were collected from Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia from 5-years period (2011-2015). Each histological slide was subjected to immunohistochemical staining for P63 (nucleus and cytoplasm) and SOX2 (nucleus), with specific primer antibodies. Immunoexpression of P63 and SOX2 was evaluated using immunoreactivity scoring. Associations between P63 and SOX2 immunoexpression and TNBC types were assessed using Mann Whitney tests. In addition, the predictive diagnostic values of these markers were assessed.Results: Forty TNBC histological slides were included, and 23 (57.5%) were Basal-like type TNBC and 17 (42.5%) were Non basal-like type TNBC. Immunoexpression of P63 nucleus and SOX2 was not different between types of TNBC. However, immunoexpression of P63 in the cytoplasm in Basal-like type TNBC was significantly higher than in Non basal-like type TNBC (p=0.021). Predictor diagnostic value analysis suggested that immunoexpression of P63 in cytoplasm had 56.5% sensitivity and 70.6% specificity for diagnosing Basal-like type TNBC, with area under curve of 0.64. Conclusions: Immunoexpression of P63 in the cytoplasm has a relatively weak diagnostic value to discriminate Basal-like and Non basal-like types of TNBC.
Fourier transforms of powers of well-behaved 2D real analytic functions
Authors: Greenblatt Michael 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This paper is a companion paper to [6], where sharp estimates are proven for Fourier transforms of compactly supported functions built out of two-dimensional real-analytic functions.
The theorems of [6] are stated in a rather general form.
In this paper, we expand on the results of [6] and show that there is a class of “well-behaved” functions that contains a number of relevant examples for which such estimates can be explicitly described in terms of the Newton polygon of the function.
We will further see that for a subclass of these functions, one can prove noticeably more precise estimates, again in an explicitly describable way.
Active on Many Foreign Markets: A Portrait of German Multi-market Exporters and Importers from Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Wagner Joachim 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper uses information on more than 160 million export and import transactions by German firms from 2009 to 2012 to document the decisive role of multi-market traders that are active on many foreign markets, where a market is defined as a combination of a good traded and a country traded with. Using merged information from trade transactions and from surveys conducted by the statistical offices it is shown that, controlling for detailed industry affiliation, the number of foreign markets a firm from manufacturing industries is active on as an exporter or importer is higher in firms that are larger, older and foreign owned and that have higher labor productivity, human capital intensity and R&D intensity. With the exception of labor productivity these results are valid ceteris paribus, too. All these results from a descriptive empirical investigation are in line with hypotheses that are derived from the literature on the links between firm characteristics and the extensive margins of foreign trade.
Legitimate Expectations, Legal Transitions, and Wide Reflective Equilibrium
Authors: Green Fergus 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Recent scholarly attention to ‘legitimate expectations’ and their role in legal transitions has yielded widely varying principles for distinguishing between legitimate and non-legitimate expectations. This article suggests that methodological reflection may facilitate substantive progress in the debate. Specifically, it proposes and defends the use of a wide reflective equilibrium methodology for constructing, justifying and critiquing theories of legitimate expectations and other kinds of normative theories about legal transitions. The methodology involves three levels of analysis — normative principles, their theoretical antecedents, and considered judgements about their implications in specific cases — and iteration between these three levels in an effort to ensure coherence. The payoffs from applying this methodology to the legitimate expectations debate are illustrated through a discussion of examples from the existing literature. Some proposed innovations to the methodology, including the incorporation of insights from the ideal/non-ideal theory debate, are likely to be of wider interest to political theorists.
High-Precision Fast-Spiking Basket Cell Discharges during Complex Events in the Human Neocortex
Authors: Szegedi Viktor , Molnár Gábor , Paizs Melinda , Csakvari Eszter , Barzó Pál , Tamás Gábor , Lamsa Karri 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the human neocortex, solitary action potentials in some layer 2–3 pyramidal cells (PCs) trigger brief episodes of network activity known as complex events through strong excitatory synapses that specifically innervate GABAergic interneurons. Yet, how these “master PCs” configure the local network activity is not well understood. We report that single spikes in the PCs, studied here in synaptically connected cell pairs in frontal or temporal neocortical areas of both males and females, elicit firing of fast-spiking basket cells (FSBCs) with a short delay (on average 2.7 ms). The FSBC discharge is triggered by 13 mV (on average) monosynaptic EPSPs, and the action potential is time locked to the master PC spike with high temporal precision, showing little jitter in delay. In the complex events, the FSBC discharge occurs in the beginning of the activity episode, forming the first wave of the complex event activity. Firing of FSBCs generates GABAergic IPSCs with fast kinetics in layer 2–3 PCs, and similar IPSCs regularly occur time locked to master PC spikes in the beginning of the complex events with high probability and short (median 4.1 ms) delay with little jitter. In comparison, discharge of nonfast spiking interneurons (non-FSINs) investigated here appears inconsistently in the complex events and shows low probability. Thus, firing of layer 2–3 FSBCs with high temporal fidelity characterizes early phase of the complex events in the human neocortex.