bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A calibration facility for automatic weather stations
Authors: Lopardo G. , Bellagarda S. , Bertiglia F. , Merlone A. , Roggero G. , Jandric N. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTEnvironmental monitoring by automatic weather stations (AWSs) is growing as a result of the increasing number and reliability of surface observations. In order to ensure data traceability and obtain more comprehensive data on the performance of AWSs, a new transportable calibration facility was manufactured at the Italian Institute of Metrology (INRiM) in the framework of the project MeteoMet. The facility is equipped with temperature and pressure reference sensors directly traceable to the International System of Units (SI) to obtain meteorological data with well‐documented calibration uncertainty.In this calibration system, temperature and pressure can be controlled simultaneously and independently so that all combinations over the ranges are possible. The nominal ranges are: absolute pressure 50 to 110 kPa and temperature −25 to 50 °C. The availability of a large range of atmospheric variability and the possibility of studying the mutual influence effects on sensors response are important characteristics of the facility.This apparatus is also designed to permit a control in humidity, in order to complete the characterization of the whole AWS pressure–temperature–humidity modulus. As a matter of fact, the final version of the facility will be equipped with a humidity generator for hygrometer calibrations.Finally, the calibration system is designed to be transportable, therefore allowing the calibration of AWSs located at sites that are difficult to access such as Ny‐Ålesund (Svalbard) stations, where the facility was employed.The design and the technical characteristics are reported in this paper.
Pseudospectra localizations and their applications
Authors: Kostić V. R. , Cvetković Lj. , Cvetković D. Lj. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryUsefulness of spectral localizations in analysis of various matrix properties, such as stability of dynamical systems, has led us to derive a pseudospectra localization technique using the ideas that come from diagonally dominant matrices. In such way, many theoretical and practical applications of pseudospectra (robust stability, transient behavior, nonnormal dynamics, etc.) can be linked with specific relationships between matrix entries. This allows one to understand certain phenomena that occur in practice better, as we show for the realistic model of soil energetic food web. The novelty of the presented results, therefore, lies not only in new mathematical formulations but also in the conceptual sense because it links stability with empirical data and their uncertainty limitations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dynamic trust management system for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Luo Wei , Ma Wenping , Gao Qiang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely used in different fields, such as battle field, environment monitoring, and intrusion detection, where amount of nodes are deployed. There are many factors make sensor nodes being more vulnerable to be attacked and compromised. In order to address the issue, many different schemes and methods are proposed. Trust evaluation and trust management play an important role in detecting the malicious nodes. In this paper, we propose a trust management system for clustered WSNs monitoring the sensor nodes' behaviors and evaluating their trust values. This system employs a hash algorithm for generating identify labels for sensor nodes to distinguish external attackers from normal nodes and dynamically manages the trust value of each node to detect the compromised nodes based on the trust evaluating model, which is based on beta density function. The simulation results show that our scheme can detect the malicious nodes quickly, which prevents clustered WSNs from external attacks and internal compromised nodes' attacks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust stream‐cipher mode of authenticated encryption for secure communication in wireless sensor network
Authors: Hwang Tzonelih , Gope Prosanta 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAuthenticated Encryption is a cryptographic process of providing confidentiality and integrity protection of messages in a single pass without any support of conventional checksum, Message Authentication Code (MAC), or hash function. In this paper, at first, we show that how to construct the stream‐cipher‐based Authenticated Encryption environment, where the key‐stream is generated from any secure block algorithm like Advanced Encryption Standard. In order to do that, we introduce two stream‐cipher modes of Authenticated Encryption, namely, PFC‐CTR (Counter‐based Authenticated Encryption environment) and PFC‐OCB (OCB‐based Authenticated Encryption environment), which are quite robust against several active attacks, for example, message stream modification attacks, known‐plain‐text attacks, and chosen‐plain‐text attacks, and at the same time, they can also efficiently deal with some other issues like “limited error propagation” existing in several conventional stream‐cipher modes of operation like Cipher Feedback, Output Feedback, and Counter. Finally, we enforce the concept of Authenticated Encryption in the sense of data communication security of the wireless sensor network (WSN), Global Mobility Networks (GLOMONET), and Cloud Computing environment, where only encryption can guarantee both the privacy and integrity in a single pass with the assurance of reasonable computational overhead. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical, Thermal, Mechanical Properties, and Microstructural Characterization of Sn-9Zn-XGa Alloys
Authors: Gancarz Tomasz 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The microstructural features, physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of eutectic SnZn alloys with varying Ga contents were examined in this study. In the microstructure study using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis, intermetallic phases were not observed. The results indicated that the primary effect of Ga was increased mechanical properties. The physicochemical properties of liquid alloys, density, viscosity, and surface tension were measured using the free flow method. The addition of Ga to eutectic SnZn alloy generally reduced density, surface tension, viscosity, and melting point, and increased the coefficient of thermal expansion and electrical resistivity.
Functional improvement after hip arthroscopy in cases of active paediatric hip joint tuberculosis: A retrospective comparative study vis-à-vis conservative management
Authors: Tiwari Vivek , Khan Shah Alam , Kumar Ashok , Poudel Rishiram , Kumar Venkatesan Sampath 
Published: November 2015

Purpose Tuberculosis of the hip joint is a significant cause of preventable disability, especially in children. The aim of our study was to evaluate the functional results of hip arthroscopy done in a cohort of patients with hip joint tuberculosis and to compare them with the outcome of conservatively managed cases. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study in which we evaluated the records of 22 hip arthroscopies performed in known cases of tuberculosis of the hip joint in children less than 12 years of age. A note of the demographic and clinical parameters like age, duration of symptoms, stage of the disease, time period of follow-up, any complications during surgery, and pre- and post-operative modified Harris hip score (MHHS) was made in all cases. We compared the results with an age-matched cohort of 44 children with hip joint tuberculosis who were treated non-operatively with anti-tuberculosis therapy and traction in the same tertiary care institute. Results The arthroscopic findings in our series included synovitis, chondral erosions of the femoral head and/or acetabulum, pannus formation over the femoral head and/or acetabulum, and labral tears. The various arthroscopic procedures which were done included joint lavage, synovectomy, labral debridement and cheilectomy. The mean follow-up was 45 months, with the minimum being 36 months. There was a statistically significant change in the mean MHHS after hip arthroscopic procedures ( p < 0.001); the difference in the mean post- and pre-operative MHHS was independent of age, stage or duration of follow-up. There was a statistically significant difference ( p < 0.05) between the magnitude of improvement in MHHS after hip arthroscopy and that after conservative management. Conclusions Arthroscopy of the hip joint in children in cases of tuberculosis can serve as an emerging therapeutic modality. It is an effective and safe minimally invasive procedure, and helps in improving the functional outcome in early disease.
Changes in Hospitalization for Ischemic Heart Disease After the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake: 10 Years of Data in a Population of 300,000
Authors: Huang Kaisen , Huang Dejia , He Dingxiu , van Loenhout Joris , Liu Wei , Huang Baotao , Deng Xiaojian , Wu Qi , Chen Mao , Guha-Sapir Debarati 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe effects of earthquakes on ischemic heart disease (IHD) have often been reported. At a population level, this study examined short-term (60-day) and long-term (5-year) hospitalization events for IHD after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.MethodsWe examined the 10-year medical hospitalization records on IHD in the city of Deyang provided by the Urban Employee Basic Health Insurance program.ResultsEvaluation of 19,083 hospitalizations showed a significantly lower proportional number and cost of hospitalizations in the 60 days after the earthquake (P<0.001). Hospitalizations were 27.81% lower than would have been expected in a normal year; costs were 32.53% lower. However, in the 5 years after the earthquake, the age-adjusted annual incidence of hospitalization increased significantly (P<0.001). In the fifth year after the earthquake, it was significantly higher in the extremely hard-hit area than in the hard-hit area (P<0.01).ConclusionAfter the 2008 earthquake, short- and long-term patterns of hospitalization for IHD changed greatly, but in different ways. Our findings suggest that medical resources for IHD should be distributed dynamically over time after an earthquake. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:203–210)
Conceptualization of a Health Care Coalition Framework in Georgia Based on the Existing Regional Coordinating Hospital Infrastructure
Authors: Harris Curtis , Waltz Tawny , O’Neal James Patrick , Nadeau Kelly , Crumpton Matthew , Ervin Sara 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe watershed events of September 11, 2001; the anthrax attacks; Hurricane Katrina; and H1N1 necessitated that the United States define alternative mechanisms for disaster response. Specifically, there was a need to shift from a capacity building approach to a capabilities based approach that would place more emphasis on the health care community rather than just first responders. Georgia responded to this initiative by creating a Regional Coordinating Hospital (RCH) infrastructure that was responsible for coordinating regional responses within their individual geographic footprint. However, it was quickly realized that hospitals could not accomplish community-wide preparedness as a single entity and that siloed planning must come to an end. To reconcile this issue, Georgia responded to the 2012 US Department of Health and Human Services concept of coalitions. Georgia utilized the existing RCH boundaries to define its coalition regions and began inviting all medical and nonmedical response partners to the planning table (nursing homes, community health centers, volunteer groups, law enforcement, etc). This new collaboration effectively enhanced emergency response practices in Georgia, but also identified additional preparedness-related gaps that will require attention as our coalitions continue to grow and mature.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:174–179)
Probing the nanoscale: the first contact of an impacting drop
Authors: Li E. Q. , Vakarelski I. U. , Thoroddsen S. T. 
Published: November 2015

When a drop impacts onto a solid surface, the lubrication pressure in the air deforms its bottom into a dimple. This makes the initial contact with the substrate occur not at a point but along a ring, thereby entrapping a central disc of air. We use ultra-high-speed imaging, with 200 ns time resolution, to observe the structure of this first contact between the liquid and a smooth solid surface. For a water drop impacting onto regular glass we observe a ring of microbubbles, due to multiple initial contacts just before the formation of the fully wetted outer section. These contacts are spaced by a few microns and quickly grow in size until they meet, thereby leaving behind a ring of microbubbles marking the original air-disc diameter. On the other hand, no microbubbles are left behind when the drop impacts onto molecularly smooth mica sheets. We thereby conclude that the localized contacts are due to nanometric roughness of the glass surface, and the presence of the microbubbles can therefore distinguish between glass with 10 nm roughness and perfectly smooth glass. We contrast this entrapment topology with the initial contact of a drop impacting onto a film of extremely viscous immiscible liquid, where the initial contact appears to be continuous along the ring. Here, an azimuthal instability occurs during the rapid contraction at the triple line, also leaving behind microbubbles. For low impact velocities the nature of the initial contact changes to one initiated by ruptures of a thin lubricating air film.
Taking Women's Rights Seriously: Using Human Rights to Require State Implementation of Domestic Abortion Laws in African Countries with Reference to Uganda
Authors: Ngwena Charles G 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article is constructed around the premise that women's rights to safe abortion give rise to obligations that the state has a positive duty to implement. Using Uganda as a case study, it frames failure by a state to implement its abortion laws in ways that render the rights tangible and accessible to women as a violation of human rights. The article develops a normative human rights framework for imposing on a state the obligation to take positive steps to implement abortion laws that the state, itself, has adopted. The framework does not depend on requiring the state first to reform its substantive laws or broaden the grounds for abortion. Rather, it focuses on the implementation of existing domestic laws. The article draws its remedial juridical responses partly from conceptions of women-centred rights to procedural justice, equality and health, and partly from jurisprudence developed in recent years by United Nations treaty-monitoring bodies and the European Court of Human Rights.
Echocardiographic parameters for assessing successful balloon mitral valvuloplasty in juvenile age groups
Authors: Ananthakrishna Pillai Ajith , George Geofi , Kottyen Thazhath Harichandrakumar , Yerram Sreekanth 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundDifferent echocardiographic parameters have been studied and validated for assessing the severity of mitral stenosis; however, scant data are available for these markers in the context of balloon mitral valvuloplasty in juvenile age groups (ages ⩽20 years).ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to find out the utility of echocardiographic parameters such as mitral valve separation index, left atrial volume, right ventricular systolic pressure, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, tricuspid annular systolic velocity, and right ventricular Tei index in predicting success of balloon mitral valvuloplasty and their relation to mitral valve area in juvenile mitral stenosis.MethodsWe carried out a prospective single-centre study involving 52 juvenile mitral stenosis patients undergoing elective valvuloplasty. Success was defined as an increase in mitral valve area ⩾50% or ⩾1.5 cm2. Echocardiographic measurements were taken before and 24 hours after the procedure and statistical analyses were carried out.ResultsThe mean age of the study population was 14.3 years (SD ±4.55), ranging from 7 to 20 years. Valvuloplasty was successful in 49 out of 52 patients. The mean valve area improved from 0.89 (SD ±0.16) to 1.73 (SD ±0.22) cm2/m2(p<0.01), and the mean mitral valve gradient decreased from 19.87 (SD ±7.89) to 7.45 (SD ±2.07) (p=0.021). All the surrogate parameters improved favourably after valvuloplasty (p<0.01). The decrease in right ventricular systolic pressure was a better indicator of the success followed by the increase in valve separation index (area under the curve 0.81 and 0.76, respectively).ConclusionsAll the surrogate markers studied showed favourable improvement, and right ventricular systolic pressure reduction and improved mitral valve separation index were better indicators of successful valvuloplasty.
Research and Evaluations of the Health Aspects of Disasters, Part IV: Framework for Societal Structures: the Societal Systems
Authors: Birnbaum Marvin L. , Daily Elaine K. , O’Rourke Ann P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFor the purposes of research and/or evaluation, a community/society is organized into 13 Societal Systems under the umbrella of an overall Coordination and Control System. This organization facilitates descriptions of a community/society or a component of a community for assessment at any designated time across the Temporal Phases of a disaster. Such assessments provide a picture of the functional status of one or more Systems that comprise a community. Since no system operates in isolation from the other systems, information of the concomitant status of several Societal Systems is crucial to gaining a complete understanding of compromised functions, as well as the effects and side effects of any intervention directed at restoring the functional state of the affected community or risk-reduction interventions of a community-at-risk. The 13 Societal Systems include: (1) Public Health; (2) Medical Care; (3) Water and Sanitation; (4) Shelter and Clothing; (5) Food and Nutrition; (6) Energy Supply; (7) Public Works and Engineering; (8) Social Structures; (9) Logistics and Transportation; (10) Security; (11) Communications; (12) Economy; and (13) Education. Many functions and sub-functions of the Systems overlap, or share some common sub-functions with other systems. For the purposes of research/evaluation, it is necessary to assign functions and sub-functions to only one of the Societal Systems.BirnbaumML,DailyEK,O’RourkeAP.Research and evaluations of the health aspects of disasters, part IV: framework for societal structures: the Societal Systems.Prehosp Disaster Med.2015;30(6):633–647.
Passive immunization with hyperimmune egg-yolk IgY as prophylaxis and therapy for poultry diseases – A review
Authors: Gadde U. , Rathinam T. , Lillehoj Hyun S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPassive immunization with pathogen-specific egg yolk antibodies (IgY) is emerging as a potential alternative to antibiotics for the treatment and prevention of various human and animal diseases. Laying hens are an excellent source of high-quality polyclonal antibodies, which can be collected noninvasively from egg yolks. The use of IgY offers several advantages in that it is environmentally friendly, nontoxic, and reduces the numbers of animals required for antibody production. This paper reviews the use of IgY antibodies in the treatment and prevention of enteric pathogen infections in poultry. Brief descriptions of the production, structure, and properties of IgY are also presented. Some limitations of the technology and future perspectives are discussed.
TO TEST OR NOT? SINGULAR OR MULTIPLE HERITAGE?
Authors: Hochschild Jennifer L. , Sen Maya 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDNA ancestry testing may seem frivolous, but it points to two crucial questions: First, what is the relationship, if any, between biology and race? Second, how much and why do people prefer clear, singular racial identities over blurred, mixed racial self-understandings, or the reverse? We posit that individuals of different racial or ethnic backgrounds will have different levels of support for this new technology. In particular, despite the history of harm caused by the biologization of race, we theorize that African Americans will be receptive to the use of DNA ancestry testing because conventional genealogical searches for ancestral roots are mostly unavailable to them. This “broken chain” theory leads to two hypotheses, of disproportionately high Black interest in DNA ancestry testing—thus an implicit acceptance of a link between biology and race—and high acceptance among Blacks of multiple heritages despite a preference for evidence of roots in Africa.To test these hypotheses, we analyze two databases of U.S. newspaper articles, one with almost 6,000 items and a second with 700. We also analyze two new public opinion surveys of nationally representative samples of adult Americans. Most of the evidence comes from the second survey, which uses vignettes to obtain views about varied results of DNA ancestry testing. We find that the media increasingly report on the links between genetic inheritance and race, and emphasize singular racial ancestry more than multiple heritages. The surveys show, consistent with our theory, that Blacks (and Hispanics, to some degree) are especially receptive to DNA ancestry testing, and are pleased with not only a finding of group singularity but also a finding of multiple points of origin. Qualitative readings of media reports illuminate some of the reasons behind these survey findings. We conclude with a brief discussion of the broader importance of DNA ancestry testing.
The full repertoire of Drosophila gustatory receptors for detecting an aversive compound
Authors: Shim Jaewon , Lee Youngseok , Jeong Yong Taek , Kim Yonjung , Lee Min Goo , Montell Craig , Moon Seok Jun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe ability to detect toxic compounds in foods is essential for animal survival. However, the minimal subunit composition of gustatory receptors required for sensing aversive chemicals in Drosophila is unknown. Here we report that three gustatory receptors, GR8a, GR66a and GR98b function together in the detection of L-canavanine, a plant-derived insecticide. Ectopic co-expression of Gr8a and Gr98b in Gr66a-expressing, bitter-sensing gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) confers responsiveness to L-canavanine. Furthermore, misexpression of all three Grs enables salt- or sweet-sensing GRNs to respond to L-canavanine. Introduction of these Grs in sweet-sensing GRNs switches L-canavanine from an aversive to an attractive compound. Co-expression of GR8a, GR66a and GR98b in Drosophila S2 cells induces an L-canavanine-activated nonselective cation conductance. We conclude that three GRs collaborate to produce a functional L-canavanine receptor. Thus, our results clarify the full set of GRs underlying the detection of a toxic tastant that drives avoidance behaviour in an insect.