bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galaxy alignment on large and small scales
Authors: Kang X. , Lin W.P. , Dong X. , Wang Y.O. , Dutton A. , Macciò A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGalaxies are not randomly distributed across the universe but showing different kinds of alignment on different scales. On small scales satellite galaxies have a tendency to distribute along the major axis of the central galaxy, with dependence on galaxy properties that both red satellites and centrals have stronger alignment than their blue counterparts. On large scales, it is found that the major axes of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) have correlation up to 30Mpc/h. Using hydro-dynamical simulation with star formation, we investigate the origin of galaxy alignment on different scales. It is found that most red satellite galaxies stay in the inner region of dark matter halo inside which the shape of central galaxy is well aligned with the dark matter distribution. Red centrals have stronger alignment than blue ones as they live in massive haloes and the central galaxy-halo alignment increases with halo mass. On large scales, the alignment of LRGs is also from the galaxy-halo shape correlation, but with some extent of mis-alignment. The massive haloes have stronger alignment than haloes in filament which connect massive haloes. This is contrary to the naive expectation that cosmic filament is the cause of halo alignment.
Giant radio galaxies and cosmic web
Authors: Heinämäki Pekka 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGiant radio galaxies create the well
distinguishable class of sources.
These sources are characterized with edge-brightened radio lobes with
highly collimated radio jets and large linear sizes which make them
the largest individual structures in the Universe. They are also known
to be hosted by elliptical/disturbed host galaxies and avoid clusters
and high galaxy density regions. Because of GRG, large linear sizes
lobes extend well beyond the interstellar media and host galaxy
halo the evolution of the radio lobes may depend on interaction
with this environment. Using our method to extract filamentary
structure of the galaxies in our local universe we study whether
radio lobe properties in some giant radio galaxies are determined
on an interaction of this filament ambient.
Real-space density profile reconstruction of stacked voids
Authors: Pisani Alice , Sutter P. , Lavaux G. , Wandelt B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractModern surveys allow us to access to high quality large scale structure measurements. In this framework, cosmic voids appear as a new potential probe of Cosmology. We discuss the use of cosmic voids as standard spheres and their capacity to constrain new physics, dark energy and cosmological models. We introduce the Alcock-Paczyński test and its use with voids. We discuss the main difficulties in treating with cosmic voids: redshift-space distortions, the sparsity of data, and peculiar velocities. We present a method to reconstruct the spherical density profiles of void stacks in real space, without redshift-space distortions. We show its application to a toy model and a dark matter simulation; as well as a first application to reconstruct real cosmic void stacks density profiles in real space from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.
Strong limit on the spatial and temporal variations of the fine-structure constant
Authors: Le T. D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObserved spectra of quasars provide a powerful tool to test the possible spatial and temporal variations of the fine-structure constant α = e2/ћc over the history of the Universe. It is demonstrated that high sensitivity to the variation of α can be obtained from a comparison of the spectra of quasars and laboratories. We reported a new constraint on the variation of the fine-structure constant based on the analysis of the optical spectra of the fine-structure transitions in [NeIII], [NeV], [OIII], [OI] and [SII] multiplets from 14 Seyfert 1.5 galaxies. The weighted mean value of the α-variation derived from our analysis over the redshift range 0.035 < z < 0.281 Δα/α= (4.50 ± 5.53) \times 10-5. This result presents strong limit improvements on the constraint on Δα/α compared to the published in the literature
The cosmic web and microwave background fossilize the first turbulent combustion
Authors: Gibson Carl H. , Keeler R. Norris 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCollisional fluid mechanics theory predicts a turbulent hot big bang at Planck conditions from large, negative, turbulence stresses below the Fortov-Kerr limit (< −10113Pa). Big bang turbulence fossilized when quarks formed, extracting the mass energy of the universe by extreme negative viscous stresses of inflation, expanding to length scales larger than the horizon scale ct. Viscous-gravitational structure formation by fragmentation was triggered at big bang fossil vorticity turbulence vortex lines during the plasma epoch, as observed by the Planck space telescope. A cosmic web of protogalaxies, protogalaxyclusters, and protogalaxysuperclusters that formed in turbulent boundary layers of the spinning voids are hereby identified as expanding turbulence fossils that falsify CDMHC cosmology.
Legal Preparedness for the Facilitation of International Humanitarian Assistance in the Aftermath of Vanuatu’s Cyclone Pam
Authors: Barber REBECCA 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper uses the response to Cyclone Pam in Vanuatu, 2015, as a case-study to review one country’s legal preparedness to manage a large influx of international humanitarian assistance, and the international humanitarian community’s respect for national laws and institutions. It describes provisions in international disaster response law and the developing international law on the protection of persons in the event of disaster regarding the role of the affected state, and juxtaposes this with what happened in the cyclone response—namely, the introduction by international actors of a range of international humanitarian tools and services that were neither described in national legislation nor rehearsed in national planning processes. It concludes by suggesting that national governments and international humanitarian responders advance their efforts to promote the inter-operability of their disaster management systems, and to develop an improved mutual understanding of each other’s roles and responsibilities under international law.
CircRNAs in hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies
Authors: Bonizzato A , Gaffo E , te Kronnie G , Bortoluzzi S 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCell states in hematopoiesis are controlled by master regulators and by complex circuits of a growing family of RNA species impacting cell phenotype maintenance and plasticity. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are rapidly gaining the status of particularly stable transcriptome members with distinctive qualities. RNA-seq identified thousands of circRNAs with developmental stage- and tissue-specific expression corroborating earlier suggestions that circular isoforms are a natural feature of the cell expression program. CircRNAs are abundantly expressed also in the hematopoietic compartment. There are a number of studies on circRNAs in blood cells, a specific overview is however lacking. In this review we first present current insight in circRNA biogenesis discussing the relevance for hematopoiesis of the highly interleaved processes of splicing and circRNA biogenesis. Regarding molecular functions circRNAs modulate host gene expression, but also compete for binding of microRNAs, RNA-binding proteins or translation initiation and participate in regulatory circuits. We examine circRNA expression in the hematopoietic compartment and in hematologic malignancies and review the recent breakthrough study that identified pathogenic circRNAs derived from leukemia fusion genes. CircRNA high and regulated expression in blood cell types indicate that further studies are warranted to inform the position of these regulators in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
Direct observation of redox reactions in Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330 by Confocal microscopic studies
Authors: Venkataraman Sowmyalakshmi , Narayan Shoba , Chadha Anju 
Published: October 2016

AbstractConfocal microscopic studies with the resting cells of yeast, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330, a reportedly versatile biocatalyst for redox enzyme mediated preparation of optically pure secondary alcohols in high optical purities [enantiomeric excess (ee) up to >99%] and yields, revealed that the yeast cells had large vacuoles under the experimental conditions studied where the redox reaction takes place. A novel fluorescence method was developed using 1-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)ethanol to track the site of biotransformation within the cells. This alcohol, itself non-fluorescent, gets oxidized to produce a fluorescent ketone, 1-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone. Kinetic studies showed that the reaction occurs spontaneously and the products get released out of the cells in less time [5 mins]. The biotransformation was validated using HPLC.
Preclinical validation of the small molecule drug quininib as a novel therapeutic for colorectal cancer
Authors: Murphy Adrian G. , Casey Rory , Maguire Aoife , Tosetto Miriam , Butler Clare T. , Conroy Emer , Reynolds Alison L. , Sheahan Kieran , O’Donoghue Diarmuid , Gallagher William M. , Fennelly David , Kennedy Breandán N. , O’Sullivan Jacintha 
Published: October 2016

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths. Molecularly targeted therapies (e.g. bevacizumab) have improved survival rates but drug resistance ultimately develops and newer therapies are required. We identified quininib as a small molecule drug with anti-angiogenic activity using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo screening models. Quininib (2-[(E)-2-(Quinolin-2-yl) vinyl] phenol), is a small molecule drug (molecular weight 283.75 g/mol), which significantly inhibited blood vessel development in zebrafish embryos (p < 0.001). In vitro, quininib reduced endothelial tubule formation (p < 0.001), cell migration was unaffected by quininib and cell survival was reduced by quininib (p < 0.001). Using ex vivo human CRC explants, quininib significantly reduced the secretions of IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, ENA-78, GRO-α, TNF, IL-1β and MCP-1 ex vivo (all values p < 0.01). Quininib is well tolerated in mice when administered at 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally every 3 days and significantly reduced tumour growth of HT-29-luc2 CRC tumour xenografts compared to vehicle control. In addition, quininib reduced the signal from a αvβ3 integrin fluorescence probe in tumours 10 days after treatment initiation, indicative of angiogenic inhibition. Furthermore, quininib reduced the expression of angiogenic genes in xenografted tumours. Collectively, these findings support further development of quininib as a novel therapeutic agent for CRC.
FOXA and master transcription factors recruit Mediator and Cohesin to the core transcriptional regulatory circuitry of cancer cells
Authors: Fournier Michèle , Bourriquen Gaëlle , Lamaze Fabien C. , Côté Maxime C. , Fournier Éric , Joly-Beauparlant Charles , Caron Vicky , Gobeil Stéphane , Droit Arnaud , Bilodeau Steve 
Published: October 2016

AbstractControlling the transcriptional program is essential to maintain the identity and the biological functions of a cell. The Mediator and Cohesin complexes have been established as central cofactors controlling the transcriptional program in normal cells. However, the distribution, recruitment and importance of these complexes in cancer cells have not been fully investigated. Here we show that FOXA and master transcription factors are part of the core transcriptional regulatory circuitry of cancer cells and are essential to recruit M ediator and Cohesin. Indeed, Mediator and Cohesin occupied the enhancer and promoter regions of actively transcribed genes and maintained the proliferation and colony forming potential. Through integration of publically available ChIP-Seq datasets, we predicted the core transcriptional regulatory circuitry of each cancer cell. Unexpectedly, for all cells investigated, the pioneer transcription factors FOXA1 and/or FOXA2 were identified in addition to cell-specific master transcription factors. Loss of both types of transcription factors phenocopied the loss of Mediator and Cohesin. Lastly, the master and pioneer transcription factors were essential to recruit Mediator and Cohesin to regulatory regions of actively transcribed genes. Our study proposes that maintenance of the cancer cell state is dependent on recruitment of Mediator and Cohesin through FOXA and master transcription factors.
Magnetoresistance manipulation and sign reversal in Mn-doped ZnO nanowires
Authors: Sapkota Keshab R. , Chen Weimin , Maloney F. Scott , Poudyal Uma , Wang Wenyong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe report magnetoresistance (MR) manipulation and sign reversal induced by carrier concentration modulation in Mn-doped ZnO nanowires. At low temperatures positive magnetoresistance was initially observed. When the carrier concentration was increased through the application of a gate voltage, the magnetoresistance also increased and reached a maximum value. However, further increasing the carrier concentration caused the MR to decrease, and eventually an MR sign reversal from positive to negative was observed. An MR change from a maximum positive value of 25% to a minimum negative value of 7% was observed at 5 K and 50 KOe. The observed MR behavior was modeled by considering combined effects of quantum correction to carrier conductivity and bound magnetic polarons. This work could provide important insights into the mechanisms that govern magnetotransport in dilute magnetic oxides, and it also demonstrated an effective approach to manipulating magnetoresistance in these materials that have important spintronic applications.
A nuclear-replicating viroid antagonizes infectivity and accumulation of a geminivirus by upregulating methylation-related genes and inducing hypermethylation of viral DNA
Authors: Torchetti Enza Maria , Pegoraro Mattia , Navarro Beatriz , Catoni Marco , Di Serio Francesco , Noris Emanuela 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDNA methylation and post-transcriptional gene silencing play critical roles in controlling infection of single-stranded (ss) DNA geminiviruses and ssRNA viroids, respectively, but both pathogens can counteract these host defense mechanisms and promote their infectivity. Moreover, a specific role of DNA methylation in viroid-host interactions is not yet confirmed. Here, using an experimental system where two nuclear-replicating agents, the geminivirus tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) and potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), co-infect their common host tomato, we observed that PSTVd severely interferes with TYLCSV infectivity and accumulation, most likely as a consequence of strong activation of host DNA methylation pathways. In fact, PSTVd alone or in co-infection with TYLCSV significantly upregulates the expression of key genes governing DNA methylation in plants. Using methylation-sensitive restriction and bisulfite conversion assays, we further showed that PSTVd infection promotes a strong hypermethylation of TYLCSV DNA, thus supporting a mechanistic link with the antagonism of the viroid on the virus in co-infected tomato plants. These results describe the interaction between two nuclear-replicating pathogens and show that they differentially interfere with DNA methylation pathways.
NMR based serum metabolomics reveals a distinctive signature in patients with Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Guleria Anupam , Pratap Avadhesh , Dubey Durgesh , Rawat Atul , Chaurasia Smriti , Sukesh Edavalath , Phatak Sanat , Ajmani Sajal , Kumar Umesh , Khetrapal Chunni Lal , Bacon Paul , Misra Ramnath , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: October 2016

AbstractManagement of patient with Lupus Nephritis (LN) continues to remain a challenge for the treating physicians because of considerable morbidity and even mortality. The search of biomarkers in serum and urine is a focus of researchers to unravel new targets for therapy. In the present study, the utility of NMR-based serum metabolomics has been evaluated for the first time in discriminating LN patients from non-nephritis lupus patients (SLE) and further to get new insights into the underlying disease processes for better clinical management. Metabolic profiling of sera obtained from 22 SLE patients, 40 LN patients and 30 healthy controls (HC) were performed using high resolution 1D1H-CPMG and diffusion edited NMR spectra to identify the potential molecular biomarkers. Using multivariate analysis, we could distinguish SLE and LN patients from HC and LN from SLE patients. Compared to SLE patients, the LN patients had increased serum levels of lipid metabolites (including LDL/VLDL lipoproteins), creatinine and decreased levels of acetate. Our results revealed that metabolic markers especially lipids and acetate derived from NMR spectroscopy has high sensitivity and specificity to distinguish LN among SLE patients and has the potential to be a useful adjunctive tool in diagnosis and clinical management of LN.
Novel CHM mutations identified in Chinese families with Choroideremia
Authors: Cai Xue-Bi , Huang Xiu-Feng , Tong Yi , Lu Qin-Kang , Jin Zi-Bing 
Published: October 2016

AbstractChoroideremia is a bilateral and progressive X-linked inherited disease characterized by widespread chorioretinal atrophy with relative sparing of the macular region. It is caused by mutations in the ubiquitously expressed CHM gene, which lead to the absence of the Rab escort protein 1 (REP-1), resulting in prenylation deficiency. Typical fundus appearances for choroideremia were found in 3 probands from three unrelated Chinese families in our study. We firstly used the targeted exome sequencing (TES) technology to detect mutations in CHM gene. Based on an established filtering strategy of data analyses, along with confirmation by co-segregation, a previously reported mutation (c.1584_1587del TGTT, p.V529Hfs*7) was identified in one family, while two novel mutations (c.227_232delinsTGTCATTTCA, p.Q76Lfs*7; c.710dupA, p.Y237_S238delinsX) were identified in the other two families. These findings not only expands the currently limited spectrum of Chinese disease-causing variants in CHM gene, but also increases our understanding of the phenotypic and genotypic correlations of choroideremia, and may potentially lead to improved genetic counseling and specific treatment for families with choroideremia as well.
Interrogating the superconductor Ca10(Pt4As8)(Fe2−xPtxAs2)5 Layer-by-layer
Authors: Kim Jisun , Nam Hyoungdo , Li Guorong , Karki A. B. , Wang Zhen , Zhu Yimei , Shih Chih-Kang , Zhang Jiandi , Jin Rongying , Plummer E. W. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEver since the discovery of high-Tc superconductivity in layered cuprates, the roles that individual layers play have been debated, due to difficulty in layer-by-layer characterization. While there is similar challenge in many Fe-based layered superconductors, the newly-discovered Ca10(Pt4As8)(Fe2As2)5 provides opportunities to explore superconductivity layer by layer, because it contains both superconducting building blocks (Fe2As2 layers) and intermediate Pt4As8 layers. Cleaving a single crystal under ultra-high vacuum results in multiple terminations: an ordered Pt4As8 layer, two reconstructed Ca layers on the top of a Pt4As8 layer, and disordered Ca layer on the top of Fe2As2 layer. The electronic properties of individual layers are studied using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S), which reveals different spectra for each surface. Remarkably superconducting coherence peaks are seen only on the ordered Ca/Pt4As8 layer. Our results indicate that an ordered structure with proper charge balance is required in order to preserve superconductivity.
Line-scanning Brillouin microscopy for rapid non-invasive mechanical imaging
Authors: Zhang Jitao , Fiore Antonio , Yun Seok-Hyun , Kim Hanyoup , Scarcelli Giuliano 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBrillouin spectroscopy probes the mechanical properties of material by measuring the optical frequency shift induced by photon-phonon scattering interactions. In traditional configurations, Brillouin spectrometers measure only one point of the sample at a time. This results in long acquisition times for mechanical imaging of large areas. In this work, we demonstrate a parallel detection configuration where the Brillouin shift of hundreds of points in a line can be measured simultaneously. In mm-sized samples, this novel configuration effectively shortens the acquisition time of two-dimensional Brillouin imaging from hours to tens of seconds, thus making it a powerful technology for label-free mechanical characterization of tissue and biomaterials.
Evaluation of the human adaptation of influenza A/H7N9 virus in PB2 protein using human and swine respiratory tract explant cultures
Authors: Chan Louisa L. Y. , Bui Christine T. H. , Mok Chris K. P. , Ng Mandy M. T. , Nicholls John M. , Peiris J. S. Malik , Chan Michael C. W. , Chan Renee W. Y. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNovel avian H7N9 virus emerged in China in 2013 resulting in a case fatality rate of around 39% and continues to pose zoonotic and pandemic risk. Amino acid substitutions in PB2 protein were shown to influence the pathogenicity and transmissibility of H7N9 following experimental infection of ferrets and mice. In this study, we evaluated the role of amino acid substitution PB2-627K or compensatory changes at PB2-591K and PB2-701N, on the tropism and replication competence of H7N9 viruses for human and swine respiratory tracts using ex vivo organ explant cultures. Recombinant viruses of A/Shanghai/2/2013 (rgH7N9) and its mutants with PB2-K627E, PB2-K627E + Q591K and PB2-K627E + D701N were generated by plasmid-based reverse genetics. PB2-E627K was essential for efficient replication of rgH7N9 in ex vivo cultures of human and swine respiratory tracts. Mutant rgPB2-K627E + D701N replicated better than rgPB2-K627E in human lung but not as well as rgH7N9 virus. The rgPB2-K627E mutant failed to replicate in human type I-like pneumocytes (ATI) and peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (PMϕ) at 37 °C while the compensatory mutant rgPB2-K627E + Q591K and rgPB2-K627E + D701N had partly restored replication competence in PMϕ. Our results demonstrate that PB2-E627K was important for efficient replication of influenza H7N9 in both human and swine respiratory tracts.
The microRNA expression profile of mouse Müller glia in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Wohl Stefanie G. , Reh Thomas A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe profile of miRNAs in mature glia is not well characterized, and most studies have been done in cultured glia. In order to identify the miRNAs in adult and young (postnatal day 11/12) Müller glia of the neural retina, we isolated the Müller glia from Rlbp-CreER: Stopf/f-tdTomato mice by means of fluorescent activated cell sorting and analyzed their miRNAs using NanoStrings Technologies®. In freshly isolated adult Müller glia, we identified 7 miRNAs with high expression levels in the glia, but very low levels in the retinal neurons. These include miR-204, miR-9, and miR-125–5p. We also found 15 miRNAs with high levels of expression in both neurons and glia, and many miRNAs that were enriched in neurons and expressed at lower levels in Müller glia, such as miR-124. We next compared miRNA expression of acutely isolated Müller glia with those that were maintained in dissociated culture for 8 and 14 days. We found that most miRNAs declined in vitro. Interestingly, some miRNAs that were not highly expressed in adult Müller glia increased in cultured cells. Our results thus show the miRNA profile of adult Müller glia and the effects of cell culture on their levels.