bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discharge coefficient prediction and sensitivity analysis for triangular broad‐crested weir using machine learning methods
Authors: Shen Guiying , Cao Dingye , Parsaie Abbas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe broad‐crested weir is convenient to construct and has a small amount of excavation, widely used in practical engineering. Discharge computing has been the focus of research on this structure, thus developing generalized regression neural network (GRNN), genetic programming (GP), and extreme learning machine (ELM) are used to predict the discharge coefficient (Cd) of the triangular broad‐crested weir. The comprehensive analysis shows that the ELM model has high stability, predictive ability, and computational speed. The coefficient of determination (R^2) is 0.99982, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 0.000261, the Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) is 0.99977, and the root means square error (RMSE) is 4.17E‐05 in the testing phase. The apex angle θ is the most critical parameter affecting the Cd, and the contribution to the Cd is 52.45%. A new computational formula is proposed and compared with the accuracy of empirical formulas, showing that the intelligent method has higher accuracy and efficiency.
Hybrid Nanogel‐Wrapped Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles Feature Enhanced Photothermal Stability
Authors: Esporrín‐Ubieto David , Huck‐Iriart Cristián , Picco Agustin S. , Beloqui Ana , Calderón Marcelo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnisotropic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are renowned for their unique properties – including localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and adjustable optical responses to light exposure – that enable the conversion of light into heat and make them a promising tool in cancer therapy. Nonetheless, their tendency to aggregate and consequently lose their photothermal conversion capacity during prolonged irradiation periods represents a central challenge in developing anisotropic AuNPs for clinical use. To overcome this issue, an innovative approach that facilitates the encapsulation of individual anisotropic AuNPs within thin nanogels, forming hybrid nanomaterials that mirror the inorganic core's morphology while introducing a negligible (2–8 nm) increase in overall diameter is proposed. The encapsulation of rod‐ and star‐shaped anisotropic AuNPs within poly‐acrylamide (pAA) or poly‐(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) nanogels is successfully demonstrated. The ultrathin polymeric layers display remarkable durability, significantly enhancing the photothermal stability of anisotropic AuNPs during their interaction with near‐infrared light and effectively boosting their photothermal capacities for extended irradiation periods. The outcomes of the research thus support the development of more stable and reliable AuNPs as hybrid nanomaterials, positioning them as promising nanomedicinal platforms.
Imine‐linked covalent organic frameworks: Recent advances in design, synthesis, and application
Authors: Huang Tianhong , Zhang Weifeng , Yang Shuai , Wang Liping , Yu Gui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are new porous organic materials made of organic building blocks precisely constructed by strong covalent bonds. These new materials feature tunable structure, permanent porosity, high crystallinity, high specific surface area, and excellent stability, which enable COFs to be used in many applications. Linkage chemistry is a key factor in the synthesis of COFs and the control of their physicochemical properties. The boroxine, boronate‐ester, imine, hydrazone, imide, and C=C linkages have been widely used in the construction of COFs. Among the various linkages, imine has become the most important linkage for the COFs due to the easy formation of imine linkage with structural and functional diversity. Over the past decade, imine‐linked COFs have made significant progress and become an indispensable part of various applications of COFs. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the research progress in the field of imine‐linked COFs, especially the advances in topology design and COF powder and film preparation, and their important advances in gas adsorption, catalysis, and optoelectronic devices. Finally, we discuss the challenges in the design, synthesis, and application of imine‐linked COFs, and present our views on the further development of imine‐linked COFs.
Pristine NASICON Electrolyte: A High Ionic Conductivity and Enhanced Dendrite Resistance Through Zirconia (ZrO2) Impurity‐free Solid‐Electrolyte Design
Authors: Kumari Pratima , Kumar Ajit , Lohani Harshita , Ahuja Aakash , Sengupta Abhinanda , Mitra Sagar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSodium batteries are considered a promising candidate for large‐scale grid storage at tropical climate zone, and solid‐state sodium metal batteries have a strong proposition as high energy density battery. The main challenge is to develop ultra‐pure solid‐state ceramic electrolyte and compatible metal interface. Here, a scalable and energy‐efficient synthesis strategy of sodium (Na) Super Ionic CONductor, Na1+xZr2SixP3‐xO12 (x = 2, NZSP) solid electrolyte, has been introduced with the complete removal of unreacted zirconium oxide (ZrO2) impurities. Additionally, the reaction mechanism for the formation of pure phase NZSP is reported for the first time. The NZSP prepared by utilizing the Zr precursor, i.e., tetragonal zirconium oxide (t‐ZrO2) derived from the Zr(OH)4 gets quickly and completely consumed in the synthesis process leaving no unreacted monoclinic ZrO2 impurities. The synthesis process only needs a minimum stay of 4 h, which is three times less than the conventional synthesis method. The elimination of ZrO2 impurities results in a 2.5‐fold reduction in grain boundary resistivity, showcasing a total ionic conductivity of 1.75 mS cm−1 at room temperature and a relative density of 98%. The prepared electrolyte demonstrates remarkable resistance to dendrite formation, as evidenced by a high critical current density value of 1.4 mA cm−2.
Standardized IETA criteria enhance accuracy of junior and intermediate ultrasound radiologists in diagnosing malignant endometrial and intrauterine lesions
Authors: Chen B. , Wang P. , He W. , Yang P. , Kong Z. , Wang D. , Huang L. , Chen X. , Zheng Y. , Chen Q. , Xu H. , Qi J. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo transform the standardized descriptions of the ultrasound characteristics of endometrial and intrauterine lesions devised by the International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) group into a practical scoring method and to investigate whether application of this method enhances the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound radiologists with different levels of experience in detecting malignancy compared with subjective assessment.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 855 patients with endometrial and/or intrauterine lesions, who were divided into a training (n = 600) and a validation (n = 255) set. Ultrasound radiologists with varying levels of experience (expert, intermediate and junior) evaluated all lesions by subjective assessment and according to IETA rules. Using IETA rules, the experts identified signs of malignancy in the training set, assigned scores for each indicator and validated the scoring method in the validation set. The intermediate‐level and junior ultrasound radiologists reassessed the malignancy of the lesions using the IETA scoring method and compared their classifications with those made previously by subjective assessment. Postsurgical pathological evaluation was used as the reference standard.ResultsUsing subjective assessment, the experts demonstrated the highest level of diagnostic accuracy, with a sensitivity of 85.0%, specificity of 94.3% and an area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.897. Applying the IETA scoring method (comprising eight ultrasound characteristics that contributed to the total score) with a threshold of > 25 points for the diagnosis of malignancy achieved a sensitivity of 84.7%, specificity of 94.7% and AUC of 0.9533 in the training set, with similar performance in the validation set, when performed by experts. Using the IETA scoring method, both junior and intermediate ultrasound radiologists showed improvement in sensitivity (from 55.5% to 74.8% and from 70.2% to 77.1%, respectively), specificity (from 88.4% to 91.5% and from 87.4% to 92.2%, respectively) and AUC (from 0.704 to 0.827 and from 0.793 to 0.841, respectively) for diagnosing malignant lesions.ConclusionsThe IETA scoring method exhibits high diagnostic efficacy for malignant endometrial and intrauterine lesions. This method compensates for the lack of experience among junior and intermediate‐level ultrasound radiologists, enhancing their diagnostic skill to a level nearing that of experienced senior ultrasound radiologists. Further research is essential to validate the practicality of implementing this method and to confirm its clinical value. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Supramolecular Interactions as Key in Racemic Resolution: New Insights into the (SSi)‐ and (RSi)‐Diastereomers of (1R,2S,5R)‐Methyl(1‐naphthyl)‐phenylmenthoxysilane of Sommer
Authors: Kirchhoff Jan‐Lukas , Strohmann Carsten 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA highly selective approach with high yields of two diastereomeric silicon‐stereogenic menthoxysilanes, (RSi)‐3 and (SSi)‐3, introduced by Sommer et al., could be established as well as investigated in detail using different analytical tools. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis was used to examine the different crystallization rates while Hirshfeld surface analysis was applied to extend supramolecular interactions in the solid state which showed stronger hydrogen bridges for the faster crystallizing diastereomer (SSi)‐3. In addition, similar ground‐state energies haven been found for both diastereomers by DFT calculations. Subsequent NMR studies showed stable Si‐configurations wherein epimerization only started after more than 4 hours at 110 °C. Access to both diastereomers with opposite configuration at the stereogenic silicon center is achievable in high yields and high stereochemical purity using only naturally occurring (−)‐menthol as a reagent.
Design of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Theranostic Nanoplatforms for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Gevart Thomas , Freis Barbara , Vangijzegem Thomas , Ramirez Maria Los Angeles , Stanicki Dimitri , Begin Sylvie , Laurent Sophie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter describes the structure and magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), which are currently being developed for biomedical applications, especially in the case of cancer treatment. Cancer is a major public health issue worldwide, with increasing incidence and mortality rates. According to the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN), it is the second leading cause of death globally, after ischemic heart disease; responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Early diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and management. Patients with early-stage cancers have a better chance of survival and may require less aggressive treatments, leading to a better quality of life. However, detecting cancer at an early stage is challenging due to the lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic tools. Furthermore, conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy are efficient but show limitations due to the non-specific targeting of cancer cells and potential toxicity to healthy tissues. Therefore, there is a need for the development of both novel diagnostic methods that can accurately detect cancer at an early stage as well as novel therapeutic strategies that are more effective and less toxic. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) represent an interesting solution, offering implementation of a theranostic approach. Thanks to their magnetic properties, the particles act as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but also as therapeutic agents for magnetic hyperthermia (MH) or as drug delivery systems. Here the different ways to synthesize nanoparticles are quickly described, the thermal decomposition method is emphasized as it allows a fine control of the nanoparticles size distribution. Then biological applications of nanoplatforms designed for theranostics will serve as examples to emphasize the interest of these materials.
Influence of Large Magnetic Field Gradients at the Electrochemical Interface
Authors: Kurian Jinu , Dunne Peter , Vivier Vincent , Atcheson Gwenaël , Salikhov Ruslan , Fowley Ciaran , Venkatesan Munuswamy , Hellwig Olav , Coey Michael , Doudin Bernard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigate how a model single-electron-exchange electrochemical reaction can be influenced by a magnetic field, B, which is a combination of an external applied field and the stray field generated by a Co/Pt multilayer thin film stack with preferred perpendicular magnetization. The Lorentz force, proportional to B, creates gentle bath stirring. The magnetic field gradient force, proportional to grad B, is enhanced by the size reduction provided by nanoscale stripe domain patterns at the magnetic multilayer surface and acts locally at first tens of nm of the electrode/electrolyte interface. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and impedance spectroscopy data reveals that such localized magnetic forces impact the electrochemical double layer, however with a change limited to around 7% when turning on and off the magnetic gradient force, with clear indications that the reaction kinetics remain unchanged. Our specific design of the magnetic field forces allows us to differentiate between these two main magnetic force effects and provides better insight into a controversial issue.
Transdisciplinary Competencies for Transformation
Authors: Zeidan Hussein , Rai Sarju Sing , Zweekhorst Marjolein B. M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract.There are growing academic discussions on preparing individuals to engage effectively in transdisciplinarity and/or collaborative transformation. Researchers are delving into specific instances, highlighting the competencies that align with the unique problem contexts, themes, roles, methods/methodologies employed, and more. Despite the advantages these approaches offer, the literature has become overwhelmed with lists of competencies. This presents challenges in terms of understanding their convergence, equilibrium, the feasibility of mastering such an extensive array of skills, and the dynamic trade-offs involved in possessing various competencies simultaneously. These aspects and challenges have been acknowledged in earlier chapters, particularly concerning the positionality of researchers and the shifting of roles. We recognize the significance of re-examining the discourse on competencies development in conjunction with these practical experiences and reflections. We aim to address the question of ‘what’ are we preparing individuals for, which involves revisiting, challenging, and questioning the practice of continually adding new competencies to the list. We go on to explore ‘how’ higher education is expected to nurture these competencies. We conclude this chapter by exploring the role of ‘purpose’ as a compass and guiding principle in the development of transformational competencies.
Trans-, Inter-, and Monodisciplinarity: Some Historical Considerations
Authors: Somsen Geert , van Lunteren Frans 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTransdisciplinarity is often regarded as, or implicitly presumed to be, the outcome of a three-stage process. It was the natural ‘next step’ after the rise of interdisciplinarity, which itself came about as the logical response to monodisciplinarity. The story presents a neat narrative of an almost inevitable development, where each stage almost inevitably produced the next. It also projects a clear starting point in everything that transdisciplinarity is not: a primordial state of single disciplines, isolated from each other and aloof from the needs of society. This Monodisciplinary Ivory Tower was the building to be razed to the ground. In this chapter we take issue with this all too simple historical picture. We argue that the relations between disciplinary science and inter- and transdisciplinary approaches have been much closer than suggested (also in time), and much more entangled than the standard narrative allows. We also show that the primordial state of the Monodisciplinary Ivory Tower never existed as such. Rather, the landscape of approaches to understanding and changing the world has always been rough and unruly, like a physical map of the Earth’s surface. Disciplines and their inter- and trans-correlates, were structures superimposed on this landscape like the territories of states on a political map. And the ways in which this was done have been historically changing and deeply contingent.
Structuring Design & Evaluation in Transdisciplinarity for Transformation
Authors: Regeer Barbara J. , Kok Kristiaan P. W. , Lux Alexandra , Lang Daniel J. , van Mierlo Barbara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhile transdisciplinary knowledge production is increasingly gaining traction in academic and policy environments, initiating and guiding such approaches is not straightforward and comes with challenges. These challenges concern, among other things, methodological and practical difficulties that arise in the ‘fuzzy reality’ of doing transdisciplinary research. In this chapter, we elaborate on the different ways that the literature has dealt with design and evaluation of transdisciplinarity. We highlight a number of challenges in applying frameworks in the ‘real’ fuzzy work of transdisciplinary, look into three ideal-typical conceptualizations of transdisciplinary research and propose a number of ‘non-negotiables’ in doing design and evaluation.
Safe Spaces in Unsafe Environments—Experiences from COP26 About Hosting Inclusive Spaces for Deep Encounters and Reflection
Authors: Bruhn Thomas , Schäpke Niko , Fraude Carolin , Bendlin Lena , Dirar Azza , Fang Man , Finn Karen , Goodman Maureen , Simon Laureline , Kunkel Stefanie , Mandal Shantanu , Mangondo Natalie , Mar Kathleen A. , Peringer Christine , Schroeder Heike , Siegel Joseph A. , Tronchon Juliette , Tsuyuki-Tomlinson Calder , Virah-Sawmy Malika , Wamsler Christine , Lawrence Mark G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTransdisciplinary research (TDR) seeks to involve non-academic perspectives from the start, ensuring that research draws on diverse knowledge to better address “wicked” problems. Since TDR researchers have to engage with non-academic perspectives throughout the research process, this chapter focuses on the kind of communication practices that are appropriate and effective for engaging with people from potentially very different backgrounds. Based on work aspiring to organize inclusive spaces for deep encounters and reflection at COP26 (Conference of the Parties, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2026), this chapter explores effective communication practices for engaging with people from various backgrounds in TDR, taking into account the fact that generally speaking TDR takes place in non-ideal circumstances. It provides recommendations on how to design and host inclusive, ‘safe enough’ spaces.
Taking the Landscape into Conversations: A Way to Engage (with) Diverse Knowledges and Values
Authors: Brouwers Hilde J. H. , Egberts Linde R. , de Hoop Evelien 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResearch and practice in sustainability transformations often manifest diverging ideas on the nature and origin of sustainability problem(s), their solutions and the division of roles and responsibilities to address these problems. This diversity is underpinned by a plurality of values, forms of knowledge and worldviews. Moreover, these diverging ideas are dynamic, both in interaction with each other and with the sustainability challenges they are addressing. Providing room for these diverse ideas and bringing them into conversation has proven challenging. Based on research revolving around wildfire prevention in the Netherlands, in this chapter we explore a relatively unknown methodology to engage with such diversity: the transdisciplinary walkshop. A transdisciplinary walkshop combines the act of walking and being at the site where there is a sustainability challenge with a workshop in which multiple stakeholders, including researchers, participate. We reflect on ways in which transdisciplinary walkshops may allow diversity to become explicit and to engage with it.
Mobilitätspraktiken in der Automobilgesellschaft: Zur Wechselwirkung von räumlichen, zeitlichen und verkehrlichen Strukturen
Authors: Manderscheid Katharina 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDas eigene Auto ist ein fester Bestandteil des Alltags der Gegenwart im globalen Norden. Die automobil zurückgelegten Distanzen sowie die Zahl der zugelassenen Autos steigen nach der COVID-19 Pandemie weiterhin, obwohl der spürbare Klimawandel die Notwendigkeit unterstreicht, die Treibhausgasemissionen drastisch zu reduzieren. Aus mobilitätssoziologischer Sicht ist das Auto nicht einfach ein Fahrzeug zur Distanzüberwindung, sondern ist tief in die Gesellschaft und den Alltag der Menschen eingelassen. Ein Verständnis der Integration des Autos in die Gesellschaft und der Verkehrspraktiken in den Alltag stellt eine Voraussetzung für eine mögliche Abkehr von der automobilen Verkehrsordnung dar. Durch die andauernde Befahrung der Straßen und automobilen Infrastrukturen durch Autos, durch die Affizierung, Unterscheidung und Hierarchisierung von Fortbewegungsarten, die Reproduktion und Aktualisierung des automobilen Wissens erhält sich Automobilität als normale Fortbewegungsart der Gegenwart. In diesen automobilen Praktiken werden die Elemente des Automobilitäts-Dispositivs verbunden: Verkehrsinfra- und Siedlungsstrukturen zusammen mit den individuellen sozialen Netzwerken bzw. gesellschaftlichen Einbindungen geben die Geographen des Alltags, also die Orte und Beziehungen vor, die wiederkehrend miteinander verbunden werden. Mobilitätspraktiken können entsprechend nur unzureichend als Ergebnis individueller Entscheidungen oder Wahlmöglichkeiten verstanden werden, vielmehr sind diese gesellschaftlich und räumlich vorgespurt. Für die Politik der Verkehrswende bedeuten diese Überlegungen, dass die Hegemonie des Automobils auf der Ebene der gesellschaftlichen Normalität, d. h. auf der Ebene der gebauten Umwelt und der sozialen Strukturen, der gesellschaftlichen Wissensvorräte, der Subjektivierungen und Identitäten sowie auf der Ebene der Praktiken des Alltags zunächst verstanden werden muss, um sie dann systematisch und jeweils praktikenspezifisch aufzubrechen. Eine sozial-ökologische Verkehrs- oder Mobilitätswende hätte entsprechend weitreichende Implikationen auf die weitere Alltagsorganisation, das Selbstverständnis, Konsumpraktiken, Vorstellungen über das „gute Leben“ und gesellschaftlich erforderliche Kompetenzen der Individuen.
Die Kartierung von Parametern zur Bestimmung der Bodentextur
Authors: Rühlmann Jörg , Bönecke Eric , Meyer Swen 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie sensorbasierte Erfassung der Bodentextur hat sich als sehr effiziente Methode zur Generierung präziser, räumlich hoch aufgelöster Bodentexturkarten erwiesen. Ausgehend von der Definition der Bodentextur enthält dieses Kapitel Angaben zur pflanzenbaulichen Bedeutung sowie zu Methoden der Bestimmung der Bodentextur. Weiterhin ist der aktuelle Stand der in den Landwirtschaftsbetrieben verwendeten Datengrundlagen für die Berücksichtigung der Bodentextur im pflanzenbaulichen Management dargestellt. Den Schwerpunkt des Kapitels bildet die Beschreibung der zur sensorbasierten Texturbestimmung geeignetsten Messprinzipien incl. der bereits in praktischer Anwendung befindlichen Sensoren.