bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On a Class of Periodic Inputs That Passively Quench the Superharmonic Resonance of a Symmetric Duffing Oscillator
Authors: Daqaq Mohammed F. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The symmetric monostable Duffing oscillator exhibits a superharmonic resonance of order three when excited harmonically at an excitation frequency that is one third its linear natural frequency. In this letter, it is shown that a certain class of periodic excitations can inherently quench the superharmonic resonance of order three. The Fourier series expansion of such excitations yields a harmonic component at the natural frequency whose magnitude can be properly tuned to completely quench the effect of the superharmonic component. Based on this understanding, the parameters of a piecewise periodic function and the modulus of the cosine Jacobi elliptic function are intentionally designed to passively suppress the superharmonic resonance. Such periodic functions can be used to replace single-frequency harmonic excitations whenever the effects of the superharmonic resonance are to be passively mitigated.
Experimental Measurements of Buoyancy-Induced Flow in Rotating Cavities Under High Reynolds Number Conditions
Authors: Puttock-Brown Mark R. , Kanjirakkad Vasudevan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The buoyancy-induced flow structure and heat transfer in rotating cavities is a well-known conjugate problem. The disk temperatures affect the flow and vice versa. This creates a challenging environment to study as it is three-dimensional, unstable, and unsteady. Further, the vast timescale range between the flow and thermal transients on the disks proves impractical to simulate within rapid engine design cycles, requiring validated reduced-order physics-based models. Literature has established the relationship between the temperature of the core and heat transfer and how this is affected by compressibility, resulting in a critical Reynolds number at which disk Nusselt number is maximum. This work presents new thermal measurements of a rotating cavity at engine representative conditions under elevated test section absolute pressure from the Sussex Multiple Cavity Rig (MCR). The axial throughflow temperature rise is recorded by shaft mounted thermocouple rakes, offering the opportunity for first-order energy balance estimates. By increasing the density of the throughflow air, this allows the investigation at Reθ and Gr rarely published from academic facilities, providing further insights into the interplay between the governing nondimensional parameters. The results have shown, for all comparable cases of constant Ro, increasing Reθ has reduced disk surface temperatures. Despite elevated Gr &gt; 1013 and high temperature gradients, there is no conclusive evidence of thermal stratification and the associated sharp reduction in shroud heat transfer.
Aerodynamic Study of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine in Surge Motion Under Angular Speed and Blade Pitch Controls
Authors: Firpo Agnese , Sanvito Andrea Giuseppe , Dossena Vincenzo , Persico Giacomo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) experience dynamic conditions due to platform motion, requiring specific control strategies to mitigate loads and promote the wake diffusion improving overall wind farm efficiency. These problems can be appropriately modeled by medium-fidelity solvers, which rely on a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) resolution of the flow while avoiding its detailed resolution around the blades, preserving high-fidelity in simulating the wake at an acceptable computational cost. This work adopts a medium-fidelity actuator line model (ALM), implemented in the openfoam environment, previously validated against experiments and multifidelity models in the frame of the OC6 Phase III project. The study analyses several operating conditions during surge motion: a variable angular speed in below-rated condition, conceived to maximize the turbine efficiency, and a collective blade pitch control employable in above-rated conditions to limit surge-induced loads fluctuations. The effect of each control strategy is assessed individually through a systematic comparison with the baseline case with constant angular speed and blade pitch. Results indicate that the angular speed control succeeds in increasing the turbine power and reduces the spanwise variability of the induction factor amplitudes. Conversely, the pitch angle control reduces the force amplitude but does not alter the spanwise trend of the induction factor amplitude.
Descemet Endothelial Thickness Comparison Trial II (DETECT II): multicentre, outcome assessor-masked, placebo-controlled trial comparing Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) to Descemet stripping only (DSO) with adjunctive ripasudil for Fuchs dystrophy
Authors: Lin Charles C , Chamberlain Winston , Benetz Beth Ann , Gensheimer William , Li Jennifer Y , Jeng Bennie H , Clover Jameson , Varnado Nicole , Abdelrahman Sarah , Srinivasan Amrita , Syed Zeba A , Koo Ellen H , Arnold Benjamin F , Lietman Thomas M , Lass Jonathan , Rose-Nussbaumer Jennifer 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionIt remains uncertain whether Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) or Descemet stripping only (DSO) yields better outcomes in patients with symptomatic Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). This paper presents the protocol for the Descemet Endothelial Thickness Comparison Trial II (DETECT II), a multicentre, outcome-masked, randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial comparing DMEK to DSO with ripasudil (DSO-R) for this patient population.Methods and analysisA total of 60 patients with endothelial dysfunction due to symptomatic FECD will be enrolled from seven participating sites in the USA. The patients will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to one of the following treatment groups: group 1—DMEK plus topical placebo and group 2—DSO plus topical ripasudil 0.4%. The enrolment period is 24 months. The primary outcome is best spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include peripheral and central endothelial cell density, visual acuity, vision-related quality of life and Pentacam Scheimpflug tomography. Study outcomes will be analysed using mixed effects linear regression. Adverse events, including rebubble procedures, endothelial failure and graft rejection, will be documented and analysed using appropriate statistical methods. DETECT II aims to provide evidence on the comparative effectiveness of DMEK and DSO-R. The results of this trial will contribute to optimising the treatment of FECD, while also exploring the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. Dissemination of findings through peer-reviewed publications and national/international meetings will facilitate knowledge translation and guide clinical practice in the field of corneal transplantation.Ethics and disseminationA data and safety monitoring committee has been empanelled by the National Eye Institute. All study protocols will be subject to review and approval by WCG IRB as the single IRB of record. This study will comply with the National Institute of Health (NIH) Data Sharing Policy and Policy on the Dissemination of NIH-Funded Clinical Trial Information and the Clinical Trials Registration and Results Information Submission rule. Data from the trial will be made available on reasonable request.Trial registration numberNCT05275972.
Effect of low-volume exercise on hepatic steatosis in adults with obesity plus normal glucose, prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Baker Callum , Hocking Samantha L , Wang Xiaoyu , Gerofi James , Colagiuri Stephen , Sabag Angelo , Molyneaux Lynda , Xu Yu , Li Mian , Bi Yufang , Min Danqing , Johnson Nathan A , Twigg Stephen M 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of a novel, low-volume combined high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and progressive resistance training (PRT) in overweight/obese adults.MethodsThis randomised control trial compared the effect of regular supervised HIIT combined with PRT (Exercise) with an unsupervised stretching intervention (Control), in previously inactive adults with either normal glucose (NG), pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with body mass index of >25 kg/m2. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive low-volume exercise or control by an online randomisation tool. The primary outcome was the difference in change of hepatic steatosis between Exercise and Control. A prespecified sensitivity analysis was undertaken for weight stable participants (<5% change in bodyweight from baseline). Secondary outcomes were change in hepatic steatosis within the glucose groups, glycaemic control, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and body composition.ResultsBetween June 2018 and May 2021, 162 participants were randomly assigned (NG: 76, pre-diabetes: 60, T2DM: 26) and 144 were included in the final analysis. Mean absolute change in hepatic steatosis was −1.4% (4.9) in Exercise (n=73) and −0.1% (7.2) in Control (n=71)(p=0.25). By preplanned sensitivity analysis, the mean change in hepatic steatosis with Exercise (n=70) was −1.5% (5) compared with 0.7% (4.6) with Control (n=61) (p=0.017). Subgroup analysis within the glucose groups showed that exercise reduced hepatic steatosis in those with pre-diabetes but not NG or T2DM (pre-diabetes: −1.2% (4.4) in Exercise and 1.75% (5.7) in Control, p=0.019).ConclusionThese findings show that low-volume HIIT with PRT yields improvements in muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness and may have a small effect on hepatic steatosis.Trial registration numberThe trial was prospectively registered with the ANZCTR (ACTRN12617000552381).
Types, frequencies and burden of health problems in elite luge athletes: a 46-week prospective cohort study
Authors: Tomaselli Sarah Christina , Arora Rohit , Mühlbacher Elias , Runer Armin , Schneider Friedemann 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThere is a research gap in the survey of injuries and illnesses in the sport of luge.ObjectiveTo analyse the type, frequency and burden of injuries and illnesses that occurred over a preparation period and a competition period in elite luge athletes.MethodsIn total 40 elite luge athletes, who were all part of a national team and competed internationally, self-reported acute injuries, overuse injuries and illnesses weekly using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems.ResultsThe most frequently stated health problems were illnesses with 41.9% (n=75), followed by acute injuries at 31.9% (n=57). Overuse injuries accounted for 24.0% (n=43). Illnesses represented the greatest burden with a median severity score of 60.0 (IQR: 23.63), followed by acute injuries with 42.0 (IQR: 26.83) and overuse injuries with 35.0 (IQR: 23.95). In the case of acute injuries, the anatomical regions most affected were the hand (n=8, 14.0 %), foot (n=8, 14.0 %), head (n=7, 12.3 %) and neck (n=6, 10.5 %). In the case of overuse injuries, the shoulder (n=9, 20.9 %) and lumbar spine (n=7, 16.3 %) were most frequently reported. Strains (n=15, 26.3 %) and contusions (n=14, 24.6 %) were the predominant types of acute injuries. Four concussions were recorded, with none of the athletes taking a break from normal training of more than 3 days. This stands in contrast to the current recommendations for the return to sport after concussion.ConclusionThe results of this study represent the current incidence rates and health burden of acute and chronic injuries in this constantly evolving sport. 95% of all athletes reported at least one health problem during the observation period. These findings support the need for specific prevention programmes. The establishment of a concussion protocol should be considered.
Assessing Awareness, Attitude, and Practices of Breast Cancer Screening and Prevention Among General Public and Physicians in Pakistan: A Nation With the Highest Breast Cancer Incidence in Asia
Authors: Aslam Adeel , Mustafa Asma Ghulam , Hussnain Ali , Saeed Hafsa , Nazar Fatima , Amjad Maha , Mahmood Ayesha , Afzal Atika , Fatima Anam , Alkhalidi Doaa Kamal 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Breast cancer is a global health challenge with significant mortality, affecting millions worldwide. The current study is aimed at evaluating awareness and practices related to breast cancer screening, prevention, and treatment among the general public and physicians in Lahore, Pakistan, which has a significant incidence of breast cancer.Methodology: The current study adopted a cross‐sectional study design conducted in Lahore, Pakistan, between March and August 2023, among 404 participants from the general public and 240 physicians. Data collection and evaluation involved the use of validated questionnaires, and both descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS Version 25.Result: In Lahore, Pakistan, breast cancer awareness among the public was low, with 80.2% unaware of its global prevalence, 65.3% believing not everyone is at risk, and only 42.1% recognizing symptoms. Females showed greater awareness (OR: 1.020, CI: 0.617–1.686, p = 0.002) and positive attitudes (OR: 2.711, CI: 1.478–6.478, p = 0.045), while the 18–29 age group had higher odds of positive practices (OR: 4.317, CI: 2.678–5.956, p = 0.004). Educational attainment significantly influences knowledge and attitudes. Only 13.9% practiced self‐examination. Among physicians, 88.8% were confident in screenings, but patient fear (42.9%) and financial barriers (79.2%) hindered action. Physicians with FCPS qualifications had higher odds of awareness (OR: 1.550, CI: 1.130–2.117, p = 0.007), attitudes (OR: 1.500, CI: 1.050–2.150, p = 0.025), and practices (OR: 1.470, CI: 1.070–2.017, p = 0.020). Those with 11–20 years of experience also showed better awareness (OR: 1.400, CI: 1.050–1.868, p = 0.022) and attitudes (OR: 1.450, CI: 1.045–2.018, p = 0.029).Conclusion: In conclusion, breast cancer awareness among the general public is limited, highlighting the need for tailored education programs. Although most physicians show high awareness, challenges in patient communication and barriers, such as fear and financial constraints, must be addressed to improve screening uptake. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted interventions to enhance public awareness, screening practices, and physician‐patient communication.
Prevalence and Association of Malaria With the Blood Group on Febrile Patients at Woldia Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Wagaw , Wudu Fasikaw , Derib Gebreeyesus , Fentie Foziaya , Ashagre Agenagnew 
Published: September 2024

Background: Malaria is a disease transmitted by vectors and caused by unicellular Plasmodium parasites. Malaria pathogenesis is associated with the ABO phenotype. However, there is little information on the frequency of malaria disease and its relationship with the ABO blood group in the study area. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria infection and its association with the ABO blood group at Woldia Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.Method: An institutional‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted from December 3, 2022, to February 30, 2023. Convenient sampling was used for selecting the study participants. To identify malaria parasites, thick and thin blood films were made. Additionally, blood was drawn to identify the ABO blood group type. Before being analyzed with SPSS software Version 27, the data was coded and entered into EpiData Version 3.1. To ascertain the variable’s association, a logistic regression was done.Results: Out of 192 patients that attended Woldia Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, 16 (8.3%) were found to be infected with Plasmodium parasites using microscopy. Among them, 9 (4.7%), 5 (2.6%), and 2 (1.0%) had Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, or mixed infections, respectively. As a result, 30.7%, 25.5%, 24.5%, and 19.3% of the participants had blood types A, B, AB, and O, respectively (AOR = 2.359, 95% CI: 1.03–12.289, p = 0.03).Conclusion and Recommendation: The total number of microscopically confirmed malaria parasites was 8.3%. P. falciparum was dominant over P. vivax. Individuals with blood group O were less likely to get severe malaria than those with other blood groups. Based on the findings of this study, we recommend that additional studies investigate the probable relationship between the ABO blood group phenotype and malaria infection.
Effects of the Nonsteroidal MRA Finerenone With and Without Concomitant SGLT2 Inhibitor Use in Heart Failure
Authors: Vaduganathan Muthiah , Claggett Brian L. , Kulac Ian J. , Miao Zi Michael , Desai Akshay S. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Henderson Alasdair D. , Brinker Meike , Lay-Flurrie James , Viswanathan Prabhakar , Scheerer Markus Florian , Lage Andrea , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Senni Michele , Shah Sanjiv J. , Voors Adriaan A. , Zannad Faiez , Pitt Bertram , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Patients with heart failure (HF) with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction face heightened long-term risks of morbidity and mortality. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone have both been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in this population, but the effects of their combined use are not known.

METHODS:
FINEARTS-HF (Finerenone Trial to Investigate Efficacy and Safety Superior to Placebo in Patients With Heart Failure) was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of finerenone in patients with HF and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥40%. Baseline SGLT2i use was a prespecified subgroup. The primary outcome was a composite of total (first and recurrent) worsening HF events and cardiovascular death. We first assessed for evidence of treatment heterogeneity on the basis of baseline SGLT2i use. We further examined SGLT2i uptake during the trial and evaluated the treatment effects of finerenone accounting for baseline and during-trial use of SGLT2i in time-varying analyses.

RESULTS:

Among 6001 participants, 817 (13.6%) were treated with an SGLT2i at baseline. During 2.6 years median follow-up, treatment with finerenone similarly reduced the risk of the primary outcome in participants treated with an SGLT2i (rate ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.60–1.16]) and without an SGLT2i at baseline (rate ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.74–0.98];
P
interaction
=0.76). In follow-up, 980 participants initiated SGLT2i, which was less frequent in the finerenone arm compared with placebo (17.7% versus 20.1%; hazard ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.76–0.97]). Time-updated analyses accounting for baseline and subsequent use of SGLT2i did not meaningfully alter the treatment effects of finerenone on the primary end point.

CONCLUSIONS:
The treatment benefits of the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone were observed irrespective of concomitant use of an SGLT2i. These data suggest that the combined use of SGLT2i and a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist may provide additive protection against cardiovascular events in patients with HF with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04435626.
Sex Differences in Prescription Patterns and Medication Adherence to Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy Among Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Mansoor Hend , Manion Daniel , Kucharska-Newton Anna , Delcher Chris , Lo-Ciganic Wei-Hsuan , Jicha Gregory A. , Moga Daniela C. 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability. Society guidelines recommend pharmacotherapies for secondary stroke prevention. However, the role of sex differences in prescription and adherence to guideline-directed medical therapies (GDMT) after ischemic stroke remains understudied. The aim of this study was to examine sex differences in prescription patterns and adherence to GDMT at 1 year after ischemic stroke in a cohort of commercially insured patients.

METHODS:
Using the Truven Health MarketScan database from 2016 to 2020, we identified patients admitted with ischemic stroke. GDMT was defined as any statin, antihypertensive agents, or oral anticoagulant prescription within 30 days after discharge. Medication adherence was estimated using the proportion of days covered at 1 year. The proportion of days covered <0.80 was used to define nonadherence. A multivariable model adjusting for covariates was performed to identify the factors associated with nonadherence at 1 year. This analysis was restricted to new users of GDMT.

RESULTS:

Among 155 220 patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke during the study period, 15 919 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 55.7 years, and 8218 (51.7%) were women. Women were less likely to be prescribed statins (58.0% versus 71.8%) and antihypertensive agents (27.7% versus 41.8%). In this subset of patients with atrial flutter/fibrillation, women were also less likely to be prescribed oral anticoagulants (41.2% versus 45.0%). Women were more likely to be nonadherent (ie, proportion of days covered <0.80) to statins (47.3% versus 41.6%;
P
<0.0001), antihypertensives (33.3% versus 32.2%;
P
=0.005), and the combination of both (49.6% versus 45.0%;
P
=0.003). On multivariable analysis, women were likely to be nonadherent to statins and antihypertensive agents at 1 year (odds ratio, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.08–1.41]).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this real-world analysis of commercially insured patients with ischemic stroke, women were less likely initiated on GDMT within 30 days after discharge. Women were more likely to be nonadherent to statins and antihypertensive agents at 1 year. Future efforts and novel interventions are needed to understand the reasons and minimize these disparities.
Heteronika paranesisi sp. nov. (Caridea, Pandalidae) from the Caroline Plate seamounts in the northwestern Pacific
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Sha Zhongli 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
During an expedition to the Caroline Plate seamounts in the NW Pacific, one ovigerous female specimen of the genus Heteronika was collected. Heteronika paranesisi sp. nov. is morphologically very similar to Heteronika nesisi (Burukovsky, 1986), which was originally described from western Mexico and re-described from the Indo-Pacific. Morphologically, H. paranesisi sp. nov. can be distinguished from H. nesisi by the length and shape of the rostrum and the armature of the first and second pereiopods. A phylogenetic analysis based on the COI and 16S mitochondrial genes, supported the recognition of the new species and revealed that cryptic species do exist among the complex of populations that are generally reported under the name H. nesisi, which should thus obviously be characterized as “sensu lato”.