bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer-to-peer training among health care professionals working in dialysis clinics: an education approach from the GoodRENal project
Authors: Avesani Carla Maria , García-Testal Alicia , Mesa-Gresa Patricia , Marin Alexandra-Elena , Van Craenenbroeck Amaryllis H. , Kouidi Evangelia , Clyne Naomi , Segura-Ortí Eva 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Lifestyle interventions aiming to improve dietary habits, increase physical activity level, and improve emotional well-being can positively impact clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Educational material for health care professionals working with CKD patients that focuses on why and how to promote lifestyle changes is lacking. The present study aims to depict the material and dissemination methods for the peer-to-peer training program developed for health care professionals working in the dialysis clinics of the four countries engaged in the GoodRENal project: Spain, Greece, Sweden, and Belgium.

Methods
This is an ERASMUS + project funded by the European Union (number 2020–1-ES01-KA2014-083141, http://goodrenal.eu/) named GoodRENal. The educational material was developed in English by a multidisciplinary team integrating the GoodRENal project (dietitian, physiotherapist, psychologist, and nephrologist). The material was then translated to Greek, Spanish, Swedish and Dutch and is available for download at the GoodRENal webpage (https://goodrenal.es/results-3/). After training, the health care professionals filled in an anonymous questionnaire regarding their degree of satisfaction with the training.

Results
In total, 138 health care professionals in the four dialysis clinics joined the peer-to-peer training, representing 50% to 92% of the health care professionals in each clinic. From the total sample, 78 health care professionals responded to the satisfaction questionnaire. The answers showed that most participants were very satisfied or satisfied with the peer-to-peer training and that they found this approach useful in their clinical practice.

Conclusion
The educational material developed for health care professionals working with patients on hemodialysis (HD) obtained good satisfaction scores from the participants.

Graphical Abstract
Modulating the Rhizosphere Medium and Indole − 3−butyric Acid Supply Influence Rooting, Nutrients and Biochemical Constituents and Histological Features of Pedilanthus tithymaloids
Authors: Abass Mohamed M. M. , Thabet Ramez S. , Lasheen Fawzy F. , Abdelhamid Ahmed N. , Hassan Karim M. , Saudy Hani Saber , Boghdady Mohammed S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPedilanthus tithymaloids is a popular temperate indoor succulent ornamental plant and is highly marketable. However, the appropriate propagation techniques should be adopted to solve the rooting issues of cuttings. Therefore, the present research was designed to specify the optimal indole − 3−butyric acid (IBA) concentration and rooting medium type for obtaining good rooting and healthy plants. Three IBA levels (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 g L− 1) and five growing mediums (sand, sand: clay, sand: peat moss, sand: perlite, and sand: vermiculite as 1:1, v/v) were used. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design in three replications. The obtained data illustrated that roots number per cutting and rooting percentage reached the maximum values by treating P. tithymaloids cuttings with 3.0 g L− 1 IBA x sand: perlite or sand: vermiculite medium. Cultivating the treated-IBA 3.0 g L− 1 cuttings of P. tithymaloids in sand: perlite showed the most enhancements in plant height, branches number and leaves number, leaf area and herb dry weight. However, the heaviest root dry weight was noticed with IBA 3.0 g L− 1 x sand: peat moss medium. Except sand medium, all other tested media in combination with IBA at 1.0, 2.0–3.0 g L− 1 showed remarkable stimulation effect on chlorophyll content. Sand: vermiculite mixture x IBA at 2.0 g L− 1 was the effective practice for improving carbohydrates percentage. By studying the anatomical changes of the adventitious root of P. tithymaloids plant, it was found that there was an increase in the root diameter, phloem and xylem tissues and xylem vessels diameter due to growing in sand: perlite x 3.0 g L− 1 IBA. In conclusion, dipping the cuttings bases of P. tithymaloids in 3.0 g L− 1 IBA and cultivation in sand: perlite considered the most effective combination practice for better rooting ability and growth and could be advisable for commercial production.
PopBERT. Detecting Populism and Its Host Ideologies in the German Bundestag
Authors: Erhard Lukas , Hanke Sara , Remer Uwe , Falenska Agnieszka , Heiberger Raphael Heiko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rise of populism concerns many political scientists and practitioners, yet the detection of its underlying language remains fragmentary. This paper aims to provide a reliable, valid, and scalable approach to measure populist rhetoric. For that purpose, we created an annotated dataset based on parliamentary speeches of the German Bundestag (2013–2021). Following the ideational definition of populism, we label moralizing references to “the virtuous people” or “the corrupt elite” as core dimensions of populist language. To identify, in addition, how the thin ideology of populism is “thickened,” we annotate how populist statements are attached to left-wing or right-wing host ideologies. We then train a transformer-based model (PopBERT) as a multilabel classifier to detect and quantify each dimension. A battery of validation checks reveals that the model has a strong predictive accuracy, provides high qualitative face validity, matches party rankings of expert surveys, and detects out-of-sample text snippets correctly. PopBERT enables dynamic analyses of how German-speaking politicians and parties use populist language as a strategic device. Furthermore, the annotator-level data may also be applied in cross-domain applications or to develop related classifiers.
Undernutrition levels in Scottish older-adult population: a secondary data analysis of the Scottish Health Survey 2021
Authors: Morecroft D. , Crabtree D. R. , Johnstone A. M. 
Published: October 2024

The proportion of the UK population over 65 years old is predicted to increase from 18.7% to 26% by 2066(1). However, healthy life expectancy (HLE) and disability free life expectancy (DLE) are decreasing(2, 3), which is particularly concerning in Scotland which also has the lowest overall life expectancy(4). Diet is a major modifiable factor in healthy aging(5) and should be a target to address declining HLE and DLE, but nutrient deficiencies in over 65s in Scotland are poorly understood. This study aimed to understand the presence and extent of inadequate intake of protein, fibre, vitamins, and minerals within over 60 year olds in Scotland.Secondary data analysis of the Scottish Health Survey 2021(6) was performed. Dietary data of older adults (≥ 60 years old, n = 1344) were analysed for protein, fibre, and micronutrient (from food sources) inadequacies, defined as percentage below estimated average requirement, reference nutrient intake or adequate intake(7, 8). Wald Z-test was used to analyse inadequacy between males and females, and urban and rural populations. Differences between Scottish index of multiple deprivation (SIMD) levels (1 [most deprived] to 5 [least deprived]) were analysed using χ2 test and cellwise sub-analysis(9) with Bonferroni corrections.The percentage of over 60s that had inadequate nutrient intake was highest for vitamin D (97%), fibre (93%), selenium (90%), potassium (79%) and Zinc (65%). Compared to males, females were at a greater risk of undernutrition in 18 of the 25 nutrients analysed, of which 11 were significant (p<0.05). Compared to rural populations, urban populations were at a greater risk of undernutrition in 22 of 25 nutrients analysed, of which 10 were significant. People in SIMD 1 were at a greater risk of undernutrition in 20 of 25 nutrients analysed, of which 14 were significant. 40% of over 60s had inadequate protein intake. Risk of inadequate protein intake was greatest for people in SIMD 1 (56%, p<0.001). 24% of over 60s had inadequate folate intake which was significantly higher in females than males (28% and 18%, respectively; p<.001), urban than rural (26% and 19%, respectively; p<.01), and in SIMD1 (36%; p<.001). Inadequate fibre intake was significantly higher in females than males (95% and 91% respectively, p<.01), and urban than rural (95% and 89%, respectively, p<.001). 26% of over 60s had inadequate calcium intake. Inadequate calcium intake was significantly higher in females than males (25% and 17%, respectively; p<.001).These data highlight a considerable undernutrition risk, both overall and within specific nutrients important for healthy aging, in Scotland’s older adult population. Those in SIMD 1, females, and urban dwelling demographics being particularly vulnerable. Although the extent of potential health implications, are dependent on key aspects such as nutrient absorption and utilisation.
Exploring frailty perspectives of older people and professionals: a systematic integrative review
Authors: Golbach Rianne D.J. , Bunt Steven , Jager-Wittenaar Harriët , Finnema Evelyn J. , Hobbelen Johannes S.M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Frailty is a common but complex phenomenon that is approached from theoretical and professional perspectives but rarely from the perspectives of older people and their essential stakeholders. Different or opposing perspectives on frailty at personal, organisational, and community levels can negatively affect care for frail older people. This systematic integrative review synthesises the perspectives on frailty of older people, health/social care professionals, informal caregivers, managers and policymakers, using thematic analysis. We use the Joanna Briggs Institute–Critical Appraisal Checklist to appraise the quality of 52 qualitative and mixed-method studies drawn from the PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science databases (inception–December 2023). Of these, 33 include the perspectives of older people, 27 of health/social care professionals, four of managers, and six of informal caregivers. Structuring the perspectives along six themes – ‘the multi-dimensional nature of frailty’, ‘the dynamics of frailty’, ‘the complexity of frailty’, ‘frailty in relation to age’, ‘frailty in relation to health’ and ‘frailty in relation to dependence’ – revealed substantive similarities in the conceptualisation of frailty between older people and professionals, e.g. regarding frailty’s dynamic and multi-dimensional nature. However, older people and professionals differ in their interpretations of frailty: older people take a personal view, while professionals take a more practical view. The identified discrepancies in perspectives may affect care relationships and care for frail older people. Therefore, we advocate a systems approach that incorporates multiple perspectives to form a comprehensive view of frailty and allows for a situation-specific shared understanding of frailty in older people.
A Responsibility to Support Civilian Resistance Movements? Broadening the Scope of Nonviolent Atrocity Prevention
Authors: Staunton Eglantine , Jacob Cecilia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an upsurge in the number of civilian resistance movements (CRMs) within states to counter government repression and coups d’états through which civilians are on the frontlines of state brutality and mass atrocities. This article considers the implications of CRMs for atrocity prevention and the associated responsibility to protect norm by asking, Should the international community support CRMs as part of its wider commitment to ending mass atrocities? In this article, we evaluate both military and nonmilitary support to CRMs. We argue that in the context of coups and government repression, providing lethal military support to CRMs will often make things worse in terms of atrocity prevention. We however explain that the provision by the international community of nonlethal and nonmilitary support through political recognition, technical assistance, and accountability can yield positive results. We illustrate this argument with the case of Myanmar.
The Cost of Atrocity: Strategic Implications of Russian Battlefield Misconduct in Ukraine
Authors: Renic Neil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSince commencing its illegal invasion in 2022, the Russian military and authorities have committed numerous war crimes against the people of Ukraine. These include the mutilation and execution of combatants; the torture, kidnapping, forced expulsion, rape, and massacre of civilians; and indiscriminate attacks on densely populated areas. In this essay, I evaluate the strategic implications of this misconduct, focusing exclusively on Western responses. I argue that war crimes can and often do negatively impact the strategic goals of the perpetrator, but whether and how this occurs is rarely governed exclusively by the offending action. Western perceptions of battlefield atrocity, shaped as they are by identity, race, and politics, may radically shift from one context to another. In the case of the Russia-Ukraine war, the status of both the participants and the conflict itself has helped inculcate a particular sensitivity among Western actors to the battlefield criminality of Russia. Drawing on evidence from the 2022 Bucha massacre and the ongoing bombing of Ukrainian civilians, I argue that Russian misconduct has consolidated Western support for the Ukrainian military effort, politically, diplomatically, and materially.
Returning the War to Russia: Drones and Discrimination in the Defense of Ukraine
Authors: Enemark Christian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis essay assesses the morality of Ukraine's use of drones to attack targets inside Russia. Following its invasion by Russian forces, Ukraine has had a just cause to wage a war of self-defense. However, its efforts to achieve that cause remain subject to moral limits. Even a state that has been unjustly attacked may not, for example, respond by deliberately targeting the attacking state's civilian population. To do so would violate the jus in bello principle of discrimination. The essay first describes how drone technology has frequently enabled long-range strikes against Russian military assets as well as other targets inside cities. It then explains why it would be morally wrong for Ukraine to attack its enemy's population centers. First, Russian civilians are not liable to attack, and this nonliability is undiminished by the injustice of Russia's invasion or by any in bello wrongs committed by the Russian military. Second, attacking Russian cities with drones would arguably achieve little or no self-defensive benefit for Ukraine, and it could even be counterproductive.
Technology and the Civilianization of Warfare
Authors: Peperkamp Lonneke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Russia-Ukraine war demonstrates the crucial role of technology in modern warfare. The use of digital networks, information infrastructure, space technology, and artificial intelligence has distinct military advantages, but raises challenges as well. This essay focuses on the way it exacerbates a rather familiar challenge: the “civilianization of warfare.” Today's high-technology warfare lowers the threshold for civilian participation in the war effort. A notable example is the widespread use of smartphone apps by Ukrainian civilians, who thereby help the armed forces defend against Russian aggression. Through the lenses of international humanitarian law, conventional just war theory, and revisionist just war theory, this essay evaluates the normative dimensions of such civilian participation. The analysis shows that civilians can lose their legal protections when they use these apps to directly participate in hostilities, and this loss of immunity can be justified by Michael Walzer's conventional just war theory. Revisionism, however, puts the justness of the war at the forefront, and so sheds doubt on the moral liability of Ukrainian civilians. Considering the broader implications, including the blurring combatant-civilian distinction, indicates that such civilianization of warfare should not be welcomed; the risks will often outweigh the benefits. At a minimum, states ought to exercise restraint in mobilizing civilians and inform them of the implications of their actions.
Chagos in the South Pacific? The principle of self-determination and the France-Vanuatu dispute over the Matthew and Hunter Islands
Authors: Giraudeau Géraldine , Song Lili , Mosses Morsen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe dispute over the Matthew and Hunter Islands (MHIs) has long been a constant strain on Vanuatu-French relations. The article examines this dispute in light of the Chagos Advisory Opinion and a few other cases concerning territorial disputes. It first submits that sovereignty over the MHIs had never been raised until 1962, when, at the occasion of a private claim, France and Britain, the two administering powers of the New Hebrides at that time, considered the issue. The two states reached an agreement in 1965, asserting that the MHIs were part of the French colony of New Caledonia and not the British-French Condominium of the New Hebrides. This article then considers the legal implications and lawfulness of the agreement, which did not take into account the local populations’ will. Although there are some important differences between the Chagos and MHIs disputes, mainly due to the fact that the MHIs are uninhabited, the applicability of the right of self-determination to both cases is nevertheless beyond doubt. The article contends therefore that the 1965 Agreement between France and Britain may constitute a violation of the right to self-determination of the people of the New Hebrides (Vanuatu), who were not consulted on the decision to attach the MHIs to the French territory of New Caledonia, and suggests that there may be, however, some other legal principles under international law that can come into play. Finally, the article contends that negotiated solutions could be a potential way forward for the parties involved.
AL-FĀRĀBĪ’S EIGHTH FALLACY EXTRA DICTIONEM AND AVERROES’ CRITICISM
Authors: Lamprakis Alexander 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to introduce and discuss al-Fārābī's (d. 950–1 CE) fallacy from transfer and substitution in his little-studied “On Deceptive Topoi” (Kitāb al-amkina al-muġalliṭa) and the criticism leveled at him by Averroes (d. 1198 CE) for violating Aristotle's claim of the exhaustiveness of his list of fallacies. The first and larger half of this paper introduces al-Fārābī's treatise and its innovations upon Aristotle's Sophistici elenchi. The second half focuses on Averroes’ criticism in his so-called middle commentary (talḫīṣ) on Aristotle's SE and discusses the validity of his arguments against al-Fārābī. As the final analysis will show, Averroes’ criticism does not sufficiently take into account the independence of al-Fārābī's treatise from Aristotle's SE, its disregard for the study of dialectical deception and counter-deception, and its particular focus on the demonstrative sciences. In light of al-Fārābī's innovation his “On Deceptive Topoi” turns out to be a work of great originality drawing on a broad range of source texts.
Pyu urns, Indian calendars, and Myanmar culture
Authors: Frasch Tilman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe article addresses the important question of the calendar used in dating the Payagyi Pyu urns from Sri Ksetra (mod. Pyay) in Myanmar. It shows that, of the four calendars used in Myanmar at the time, two—the Ajjagona and Buddhist eras—can be ruled out. This leaves the Saka and Myanmar eras as the only possible options. However, although the Saka era was used for dating Indian records up to East Bengal, it was only used twice for dating an inscription in central Myanmar and, in addition, the early dates on the Payagyi urns seem to preclude its use in Myanmar that early on. The article concludes therefore that, for dating the Pyu urns, most likely the Pyu–Myanmar calendar of 638 CE was used.
The effects of district magnitude on the number of intra-party factions: the case of Colombia, 1958–1990
Authors: Campos-Herrera Germán , Navia Patricio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe study of party systems tends to focus on individual parties and overlooks factions and other sub-party units. Although the impact of the district magnitude on the number of electoral parties is well established, the electoral rules incentives on party subunits have been overlooked. Using electoral results at the district level, we assess the effect of the district magnitude on the effective number of parties and effective number of factions competing in elections and with legislative seats in Colombia (1958–1990). By focusing on parties and factions, we produce empirical evidence from 444 datapoints to support the claim made elsewhere that roots of multi-partism were present throughout the period studied, including under the National Front (1958–1970), where only two parties were permitted. The district magnitude impacts the number of parties and the number of party subunits, but its effect is stronger on the former. When the National Front came to an end and electoral rules were modified in the 1970s, there was an increase in party factionalism and new parties in the years before multiparty system rules were enshrined in the 1991 constitution.
Towards planetary health systems: a manifesto for a revised quadruple aim for healthcare improvement
Authors: Perilli Alessio , Adduci Andrea , Ricciardi Walter , de Belvis Antonio Giulio , Cadeddu Chiara 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNon-technical summaryHealthcare systems significantly impact the environment, which in turn affects human health. To address this, we propose to revise a popular framework for healthcare improvement, by introducing the advancement of planetary health (the health of both humans and the natural systems) among the aims that health systems should pursue. This approach suggests reducing medical service needs through disease prevention, minimizing environmental impacts, and supporting global efforts to protect planetary health. Practical applications to bring about these pathways are documented in the literature.Technical summaryRestoring the health of the planet, with concurrent benefits for human civilization, is paramount. Healthcare systems play a crucial role in this regard, considering the environmental impact of health services. Widely recognized approaches to designing healthcare systems for the optimization of their performance are based on the pursuit of multiple aims, such as the Triple Aim and Quadruple Aim frameworks. The objective of this work is to revise the latter by substituting ‘Advance Planetary Health’ for ‘Improve Population Health’.The objective of advancing planetary health supports all other pre-existing objectives: lowering costs, enhancing patient experience, team wellbeing, and population health, which directly relates to planetary health. Health systems promoting planetary health reduce the need for medical services through disease prevention and health promotion, pursue the provision of appropriate care, minimize the overall environmental impact of medical services, and support planetary health initiatives across all sectors and society. Multiple interconnected pathways exist to operationalize the above components.A revised quadruple aim for healthcare improvement, aligned with social and economic goals of sustainable prosperity and wellbeing, may be a desirable step toward constructing planetary health systems capable of maximizing the health of humans and natural systems.Social media summaryIt's time for new ‘planetary health systems’: focusing on planetary health to enhance healthcare performance. #PlanetaryHealth #ClimateCrisis #HealthcareImprovement.