bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHOX2B reliably distinguishes neuroblastoma among small round blue cell tumours
Authors: Hung Yin P , Lee John P , Bellizzi Andrew M , Hornick Jason L 
Published: June 2017

AimsNeuroblastoma shows considerable histological overlap with other small round blue cell tumours. PHOX2B, a transcription factor that is essential for autonomic nervous system development, has been reported as an immunohistochemical marker for neuroblastoma. The aim of this study was to validate the specificity and diagnostic utility of PHOX2B for peripheral neuroblastic tumours.Methods and resultsWe evaluated 240 cases (133 in whole‐tissue sections; 107 in tissue microarrays), including 76 peripheral neuroblastic tumours (median age 2 years; including four adults) and 164 other tumours: 44 Wilms tumours; 20 Ewing sarcomas; 10 each of CIC‐rearranged round cell sarcomas, poorly differentiated synovial sarcomas, lymphoblastic lymphomas, alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, mesenchymal chondrosarcomas, Merkel cell carcinomas, olfactory neuroblastomas, and melanomas; and five each of NUT midline carcinomas and desmoplastic small round cell tumours. Immunohistochemistry for PHOX2B was performed with a rabbit monoclonal antibody. PHOX2B positivity was defined as the presence of nuclear immunoreactivity in ≥5% of cells. PHOX2B was positive in 70 (92%) peripheral neuroblastic tumours, including 68 of 72 (94%) paediatric and two of four (50%) adult cases. Furthermore, PHOX2B was consistently negative in all non‐peripheral neuroblastic tumours, with staining being absent in 160 cases and limited in four cases.ConclusionPHOX2B is a highly sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for peripheral neuroblastic tumours, including neuroblastoma. PHOX2B reliably distinguishes neuroblastoma from histological mimics such as Wilms tumour, Ewing sarcoma, and CIC‐rearranged round cell sarcoma. PHOX2B negativity in two of four adult neuroblastoma cases raises the possibility that some adult neuroblastomas are of a different lineage than paediatric cases.
The HLA‐C*05 family allele – C*05:142
Authors: Rowlands J. , Climer T. , Harvey C. , Williams L. , Darke C. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe sequencing of exons 2–7 of a likely new HLA‐C*05 allele identified the second example of HLA‐C*05:142, in a male UK European, within a few months of the first example being found in Germany. C*05:142 differs from C*05:01:01:01 by a single base (395G>C) in exon 3 resulting in an amino acid substitution of R108P. Comprehensive serological HLA‐Cw5 typing, using 19 antisera, indicated that C*05:142 encodes a “normal” Cw5 specificity. Failure to identify the involvement of position 108 in published HLA‐C epitopes supported this assertion. The likely HLA class I C*05:142‐bearing haplotype is A*02:01~C*05:142~B*44:02. This new allele has a maximum frequency of 0.00001, in 34,743 sequenced‐based typed subjects, contrasting with that of C*05:01 (allele frequency 0.10441), in our local, largely UK European, blood donors.
European guideline for the management of scabies
Authors: Salavastru C.M. , Chosidow O. , Boffa M.J. , Janier M. , Tiplica G.S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractScabies is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. The disease can be sexually transmitted. Patients’ main complaint is nocturnal itch. Disseminated, excoriated, erythematous papules are usually seen on the anterior trunk and limbs. Crusted scabies occurs in immunocompromised hosts and may be associated with reduced or absent pruritus. Recommended treatments are permethrin 5% cream, oral ivermectin and benzyl benzoate 25% lotion. Alternative treatments are malathion 0.5% aqueous lotion, ivermectin 1% lotion and sulphur 6–33% cream, ointment or lotion. Crusted scabies therapy requires a topical scabicide and oral ivermectin. Mass treatment of large populations with endemic disease can be performed with a single dose of ivermectin (200 micrograms/kg of bodyweight). Partner management needs a look‐back period of 2 months. Screening for other STI is recommended. Patients and close contacts should avoid sexual contact until completion of treatment and should strictly observe personal hygiene rules when living in crowded spaces. Written information should be provided to suspected cases.
Catechol‐O‐Methyltransferase Genotype and Gait Speed Changes over 10 Years in Older Adults
Authors: Metti Andrea L. , Rosano Caterina , Boudreau Robert , Massa Robyn , Yaffe Kristine , Satterfield Suzanne , Harris Tamara , Rosso Andrea L. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the association between catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) genotype and 6‐m walk time and to determine whether these associations are quadratic in nature, similar to previously reported U‐shaped associations between dopamine and gait and cognition.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingHealth, Aging and Body Composition Study.ParticipantsBlack (n = 850) and white (n = 1,352) men and women with a mean age of 73.5 ± 2.85 at baseline.MeasurementsMixed models were used to assess the association between the COMT genotype and 6‐m walk time, cross‐sectionally and longitudinally over 10 years. Models were assessed unstratified and stratified according to race because allele distributions were different between white and black participants.ResultsThere was a significant U‐shaped association between COMT genotype and 6‐m walk time: those with higher (Val/Val) and lower (Met/Met) dopamine slowed more over 10 years (0.22 ± 0.02 seconds per visit and 0.23 ± 0.02 seconds per visit, respectively) than those with the intermediate (Met/Val) dopamine (0.20 ± 0.02 seconds per visit) (P = .005). Stratified results showed a significant relationship in black (P = .01) but not white (P = .15) participants.ConclusionThese findings indicate a role of dopaminergic regulation of gait speed in community‐dwelling older adults and of prefrontal cortex involvement in gait performance. Future work should investigate the molecular integrity of dopaminergic networks and gait changes over time and structural changes in the brain with COMT and gait decline in older adults.
The interaction between progranulin and prosaposin is mediated by granulins and the linker region between saposin B and C
Authors: Zhou Xiaolai , Sullivan Peter M. , Sun Lirong , Hu Fenghua 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) protein progranulin (PGRN) is essential for proper lysosomal function. PGRN localizes in the lysosomal compartment within the cell. Prosaposin (PSAP), the precursor of lysosomal saposin activators (saposin A, B, C, D), physically interacts with PGRN. Previously, we have shown that PGRN and PSAP facilitate each other's lysosomal trafficking. Here, we report that the interaction between PSAP and PGRN requires the linker region of saposin B and C (BC linker). PSAP protein with the BC linker mutated, fails to interact with PGRN and deliver PGRN to lysosomes in the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways. On the other hand, PGRN interacts with PSAP through multiple granulin motifs. Granulin D and E bind to PSAP with similar affinity as full‐length PGRN.
image
Read the Editorial Comment for this article on page 154.
Experiences and needs of relatives of people with dementia in acute hospitals—A meta‐synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Burgstaller Melanie , Mayer Hanna , Schiess Cornel , Saxer Susi 
Published: June 2017

Aims and objectivesTo present an in‐depth analysis of existing qualitative literature concerning experiences and needs of the relatives of patients with dementia in hospitals.BackgroundRelatives are an important resource for the care of patients with dementia in hospitals. They provide necessary information about the patient and can support the patient's care. Simultaneously, they are themselves vulnerable, having specific needs and experiences. A number of studies have been conducted that focus on the perspectives of the relatives. The synthesis of qualitative studies contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of recent study findings.DesignA meta‐ethnographic synthesis of qualitative research findings was used.MethodsThe synthesis process followed six defined steps. We located relevant studies through searching the CINAHL, PubMed and PsycInfo databases and through searching journals and reference lists by hand. A list of metaphors was created and translated into one another. Identified metaphors were synthesised and interpreted as a new whole.ResultsRelatives of patients with dementia frequently experience a negative cycle of specific worries, negative feelings and resulting roles and functions in hospital due to negative care experiences.ConclusionsExperiences of relatives are strongly influenced by the attitudes, expertise and communication that they receive from health professionals working in the hospital. The results clearly show how health professionals have the potential to break through the negative cycle and contribute to a more positive feeling about a patient's hospital stay.Relevance to clinical practiceStructured and individually planned involvement of the relatives during the hospital care seems to be a key aspect for improving the experiences for the relatives and the patients with dementia. Collaboration with the relatives needs to be valued and supported by the organisation. Also a professional and defined frame for this area of responsibility needs to be provided.
Implementing two nurse practitioner models of service at an Australian male prison: A quality assurance study
Authors: Wong Ides , Wright Eryn , Santomauro Damian , How Raquel , Leary Christopher , Harris Meredith 
Published: June 2017

Aims and objectivesTo examine the quality and safety of nurse practitioner services of two newly implemented nurse practitioner models of care at a correctional facility.BackgroundNurse practitioners could help to meet the physical and mental health needs of Australia's growing prison population; however, the nurse practitioner role has not previously been evaluated in this context.DesignA quality assurance study conducted in an Australian prison where a primary health nurse practitioner and a mental health nurse practitioner were incorporated into an existing primary healthcare service. The study was guided by Donabedian's structure, processes and outcomes framework.MethodsRoutinely collected information included surveys of staff attitudes to the implementation of the nurse practitioner models (n = 21 staff), consultation records describing clinical processes and time use (n = 289 consultations), and a patient satisfaction survey (n = 29 patients). Data were analysed descriptively and compared to external benchmarks where available.ResultsOver the two‐month period, the nurse practitioners provided 289 consultations to 208 prisoners. The presenting problems treated indicated that most referrals were appropriate. A significant proportion of consultations involved medication review and management. Both nurse practitioners spent more than half of their time on individual patient‐related care. Overall, multidisciplinary team staff agreed that the nurse practitioner services were necessary, safe, met patient need and reduced treatment delays.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the implementation of nurse practitioners into Australian correctional facilities is acceptable and feasible and has the potential to improve prisoners' access to health services. Structural factors (e.g., room availability and limited access to prisoners) may have reduced the efficiency of the nurse practitioners' clinical processes and service implementation.Relevance to clinical practiceResults suggest that nurse practitioner models can be successfully integrated into a prison setting and could provide a nursing career pathway.
Intensive care nurses’ experiences of caring for obese intensive care patients: A hermeneutic study
Authors: Robstad Nastasja , Söderhamn Ulrika , Fegran Liv 
Published: June 2017

Aims and objectivesTo obtain a deeper understanding of qualified intensive care nurses’ experiences of caring for obese patients in intensive care.BackgroundAdmission of obese patients with complex healthcare needs to intensive care units is increasing. Caring for obese critically ill patients can be challenging and demanding for the intensive care nurse because of the patients’ weight, critical situation and physical challenges. There is a gap in knowledge at present about qualified intensive care nurses’ experiences of caring for obese patients in intensive care units.DesignA qualitative hermeneutic approach.MethodThe study took place in 2016 at intensive care units of two different hospitals. Semi‐structured individual interviews were conducted with 13 qualified intensive care nurses. The interviews were analysed according to a Gadamerian‐inspired research method.ResultsIntensive care nurses perceived caring for obese intensive care patients as emotionally demanding owing to these patients’ vulnerability, dissimilarity and physical challenges compared to normal weight patients. They experienced ambivalent feelings caring for these patients: while they endeavoured to provide good and equal care to all patients, they simultaneously held negative beliefs and attitudes towards obese patients. Furthermore, frustration arose among the intensive care nurses relating to the physically demanding care situations and an unwillingness to care for such patients among some colleagues.ConclusionThe qualified intensive care nurses’ experiences of caring for obese patients revealed ambivalent feelings, attitudes and beliefs towards these patients, which must be considered in intensive care unit practice as well as in the education of these nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results have implications for clinical practice with respect to increasing intensive care nurses’ awareness of their attitudes and beliefs towards obese intensive care patients and to improve the education of these nurses.
Construction of meaningful identities in the context of rheumatoid arthritis, motherhood and paid work: A meta‐ethnography
Authors: Feddersen Helle , Kristiansen Tine Mechlenborg , Andersen Pernille Tanggaard , Hørslev‐Petersen Kim , Primdahl Jette 
Published: June 2017

Aims and objectivesTo derive new conceptual understanding about how women with rheumatoid arthritis manage their illness, motherhood and paid work, based on a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge, gained from qualitative studies.BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis affects several social aspects of life; however, little is known about how women with rheumatoid arthritis simultaneously manage their illness, motherhood and paid work.DesignQualitative metasynthesis.MethodsA qualitative metasynthesis informed by Noblit and Hare's meta‐ethnography was carried out, based on studies identified by a systematic search in nine databases.ResultsSix studies were included. Social interactions in the performance of three interdependent subidentities emerged as an overarching category, with three subcategories: subidentities associated with (1) paid work, (2) motherhood and (3) rheumatoid arthritis. Pressure in managing one of the subidentities could restrict the fulfilment of the others. The subidentities were interpreted as being flexible, situational, contextual and competing. The women strove to construct meaningful subidentities by taking into account feedback obtained in social interactions.ConclusionsThe subidentities associated with paid work and motherhood are competing subidentities. Paid work is given the highest priority, followed by motherhood and illness is the least attractive subidentity. Because of the fluctuating nature of the illness, the women constantly reconstruct the three interdependent subidentities.Relevance to clinical practiceWhen healthcare professionals meet a woman with rheumatoid arthritis, they should consider that she might not accept the subidentity as an ill person. Health professionals should not expect that women will prioritise their illness in their everyday life. This could be included in clinical conversation with the women.
A Model of Monetary Policy and Risk Premia
Authors: DRECHSLER ITAMAR , SAVOV ALEXI , SCHNABL PHILIPP 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTWe develop a dynamic asset pricing model in which monetary policy affects the risk premium component of the cost of capital. Risk‐tolerant agents (banks) borrow from risk‐averse agents (i.e., take deposits) to fund levered investments. Leverage exposes banks to funding risk, which they insure by holding liquidity buffers. By changing the nominal rate the central bank influences the liquidity premium, and hence the cost of taking leverage. Lower nominal rates make liquidity cheaper and raise leverage, resulting in lower risk premia and higher asset prices, volatility, investment, and growth. We analyze forward guidance, a “Greenspan put,” and the yield curve.
The Macroeconomics of Shadow Banking
Authors: MOREIRA ALAN , SAVOV ALEXI 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTWe build a macrofinance model of shadow banking—the transformation of risky assets into securities that are money‐like in quiet times but become illiquid when uncertainty spikes. Shadow banking economizes on scarce collateral, expanding liquidity provision, boosting asset prices and growth, but also building up fragility. A rise in uncertainty raises shadow banking spreads, forcing financial institutions to switch to collateral‐intensive funding. Shadow banking collapses, liquidity provision shrinks, liquidity premia and discount rates rise, asset prices and investment fall. The model generates slow recoveries, collateral runs, and flight‐to‐quality effects, and it sheds light on Large‐Scale Asset Purchases, Operation Twist, and other interventions.
High‐level βIII‐tubulin overexpression occurs in most head and neck cancers but is unrelated to clinical outcome
Authors: Nienstedt Julie C. , Gröbe Alexander , Clauditz Till , Simon Ronald , Muenscher Adrian , Knecht Rainald , Sauter Guido , Moebius Christoph , Blessmann Marco , Heiland Max , Pflug Christina 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundβIII‐tubulin (TUBB3) is an isotype of microtubules, which are involved in crucial cellular roles including maintenance of cell shape, intracellular transport, and mitosis. Overexpression of TUBB3 was found to be associated with poor prognosis and resistance to tubulin‐binding drugs and in several solid tumors including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Considering the potential high importance of a prognostic biomarker in these cancers, this study aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of immunohistochemical TUBB3 expression in HNSCC.MethodsTissue microarray (TMA) sections containing samples from 667 cancers of oral cavity, oro‐ and hypopharynx, and larynx for which follow‐up data were available were analyzed for TUBB3 expression by immunohistochemistry.ResultsOver 90% of our analyzed cancers showed unequivocal cytoplasmic TUBB3 expression. Staining was considered weak in 69 (15.5%), moderate in 149 (33.5%), and strong in 188 (42.2%) of cancers. The frequent TUBB3 overexpression showed no significant correlation with pathological grading, tumor stage, nodal status, or surgical margin and had no impact on patient outcomes.ConclusionDespite lacking prognostic utility in HNSCC, the remarkable high prevalence of TUBB3 expression in HNSCC emphasizes its putative relevance as a target for future drugs targeting TUBB3.
The Effect of Intergroup Conflict on Ingroup Cooperation and Conformity: An Experimental Vignette Study
Authors: Yokota Kunihiro , Nakanishi Daisuke 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that intergroup conflict would enhance not only ingroup cooperation, but also conformity (frequency‐dependent tendency). One hundred and eighty undergraduate students participated in a vignette experiment. They read four scenarios describing daily intergroup conflict situations, and rated behavioral intention for ingroup cooperation and frequency‐dependent tendency of ingroup members. In each vignette, level of intergroup conflict (weak/moderate) was manipulated by costs of defeat. The results supported the hypothesis in part that intergroup conflict enhanced both ingroup cooperation and conformity.
Parental attitudes toward pediatric use of complementary/alternative medicine in Turkey
Authors: Ustuner Top Fadime , Konuk Sener Dilek , Cangur Sengul 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeThis study was conducted to determine the pediatric usage of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) by parents in Turkey, the incidence of using these methods, and the factors affecting their use.Design and MethodsThe sectional and relational design of the study included a sample of 497 parents who took children for treatment at the Maternity and Children's Hospital in Giresun, Turkey. Data for the study were collected via the Personal Information Form and the Evaluation Form for Complementary/Alternative Treatment Use. The data collection tools were filled out by the researchers during the face‐to‐face interviews. Data obtained from the study were analyzed by Pearson chi‐square, Fisher–Freeman–Halton and Fisher's exact (posthoc Bonferroni) tests and Z‐test.ResultsIt was determined that 97.7% of the parents had used at least one CAM method. Moreover, the parents had used CAM methods mostly for respiratory complaints. The CAM methods were most commonly used for the symptoms of fever, diarrhea, and cough. It was observed that the most commonly used alternative methods in the past were vitamin/mineral remedies, cold treatments, and hodja (Islamic teacher) consultations, while the most common alternative methods currently used are massage, music, and cold treatment. In addition, the differences found between CAM users in terms of sociodemographic characteristics were not statistically significant.Practice Implications: It is crucial for nurses to learn the characteristics of the health/disease treatments used by those with whom they work in order to increase the efficiency of the service they provide. Thus, it was recommended that nurses should be knowledgeable and aware of the benefits/side effects, treatment methods, and contraindications of CAM.
Paediatric intensive care nurses' decision‐making around gastric residual volume measurement
Authors: Tume Lyvonne N , Latten Lynne , Kenworthy Lindsay 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundMeasuring gastric residual volume (GRV) to guide enteral feeding is a common nursing practice in intensive care units, yet little evidence supports this practice. In addition, this practice has been shown to potentially contribute to inadequate energy delivery in intensive care, which remains a problem in critically ill children.AimsWe aimed to explore paediatric intensive care nurses' decision‐making surrounding this practice.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional electronic survey in a single mixed general and cardiac surgical PICU in the UK.ResultsThe response rate was 59% (91/154), and responding nurses were experienced, with a mean PICU experience of 10·5 years (SD 8·09). The three main reasons for stopping or withholding enteral feeds were: the volume of GRV obtained (67%), the appearance of this gastric aspirate (40%) and the overall clinical condition of the child (23%). Most nurses reported checking GRV primarily to determine ‘feed tolerance’ (97%) as well as confirming feeding tube position (94%). Nurses' perceived harms from high GRV were: the risk of pulmonary aspiration (44%), malabsorption of feeds (20%) and the risk of vomiting (19%). GRV was measured frequently in this PICU, with 58% measuring GRV before every feed, 27% measuring every 4 h and 17% measuring every 6 h. The majority of nurses (84%) stated they would be worried or very worried if they could not measure GRV routinely.ConclusionsPICU nurses' decision‐making surrounding initiating and withholding enteral feeds and determining ‘feed tolerance’ remains heavily based on GRV. PICU nurses have significant fears around patient harm if they do not measure GRV routinely.Relevance to clinical practiceThis nursing practice is likely to be one of the factors that impair the delivery of enteral nutrition in critically ill children, and as such, its validity and usefulness needs to be challenged and studied in future research.