bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paracrine Secretion of Transforming Growth Factor β by Ductal Cells Promotes Acinar-to-Ductal Metaplasia in Cultured Human Exocrine Pancreas Tissues
Authors: Akanuma Naoki , Liu Jun , Liou Geou-Yarh , Yin Xue , Bejar Kaitlyn R. , Liu Chengyang , Sun Lu-Zhe , Storz Peter , Wang Pei 
Published: September 2017

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the contribution of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) to the accumulation of cells with a ductal phenotype in cultured human exocrine pancreatic tissues and reveal the underlying mechanism.

Methods
We sorted and cultured viable cell populations in human exocrine pancreatic tissues with a flow cytometry–based lineage tracing method to evaluate possible mechanisms of ADM. Cell surface markers, gene expression pattern, and sphere formation assay were used to examine ADM.

Results
A large proportion of acinar cells gained CD133 expression during the 2-dimensional culture and showed down-regulation of acinar markers and up-regulation of ductal markers, assuming an ADM phenotype. In a serum-free culture condition, ADM induction was mainly dependent on transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) secreted from cultured ductal cells. Human acinar cells when cultured alone for a week in a serum-free condition do not undergo ADM. However, serum may contain other factors besides TGF-β to induce ADM in human acinar cells. In addition, we found that TGF-β cannot induce ADM of murine acinar cells.

Conclusions
Ductal cells are the major source of TGF-β that induces ADM in cultured human exocrine pancreatic tissues. This culture system might be a useful model to investigate the mechanism of ADM in human cells.
Initial Features of Hepatic Metastases From Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Katada Tomohiro , Hashidate Hideki , Yokoyama Naoyuki , Sudo Natsuru , Mitsuma Koko , Otani Tetsuya 
Published: September 2017

Objective
The pathophysiology of primary-stage hepatic metastases from gastrointestinal cancers may provide clues to their formation. We investigated initial features of hepatic metastases from pancreatic cancer by examining the histologies of radiographically occult hepatic micrometastases.

Methods
We examined 133 consecutive pancreatic cancer patients with no evident hepatic metastases on preoperative imaging. An indocyanine green near-infrared camera system was used to detect hepatic metastases during surgery; preoperatively acquired images of patients were then retrospectively reviewed.

Results
Hepatic micrometastases were histologically confirmed in 20 patients (15%). Immunohistochemically, the metastatic cells were with higher positivity of carcinoembryonic antigen (100%), p53 overexpression (40%), and Ki-67 labeling index (38%, median). All the micrometastases were portal thromboemboli in the intrahepatic portal triad that invaded extravenous structures, causing desmoplasis, local biliary obstruction, and indocyanine green–contained bile stasis A review of preoperative dynamic computed tomography or magnetic resonance images revealed focal circular alterations presenting as arterioportal shunts in 50% of the patient with micrometastases and 11% of those without (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Hepatic metastasis from pancreatic cancer involves portal vein thrombosis that alters local circulation and bile stasis at the portal triad; this is detectable by presurgical radiological examination or intraoperative fluorescent imaging.
Sudden Death in an Adult Due to Nontraumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Kato Hideaki , Aoki Yasuhiro , Ohtaki Jun , Nakamura Yoshimi , Gaballah Mohammed Hassan , Fukuta Mamiko , Kobayashi Katsumasa 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Sudden death due to diaphragmatic hernia in an adult is exceptionally rare. A 43-year-old man was found dead by his cohabiting mother, lying supine on the floor in his house. He had complained of epigastric discomfort for 1 month, and respiratory symptoms occurred 1 day before his death. He had no history of trauma. Postmortem computed tomography scan revealed the enlarged fluid-filled stomach herniated into the left pleural cavity, compressing the left lung with a mediastinal shift to the right. At autopsy, the left pleural cavity was occupied by herniated abdominal contents with mediastinal shift. The herniation of the stomach, the whole spleen, a portion of the colon, and omentum into the left pleural cavity had occurred through a smooth oval 9 × 5-cm defect in the posterolateral part of the light diaphragm. The stomach was markedly distended and contained 1600 mL of yellowish brown liquid with food residue. Ischemic changes of the herniated organs were not observed. Death was attributed to respiratory failure from abdominal viscera herniation into the left pleural cavity.
Induction of DISE in ovarian cancer cellsin vivo
Authors: Murmann Andrea E. , McMahon Kaylin M. , Haluck-Kangas Ashley , Ravindran Nandini , Patel Monal , Law Calvin , Brockway Sonia , Wei Jian-Jun , Thaxton C. Shad , Peter Marcus E. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe death receptor CD95/Fas can be activated by immune cells to kill cancer cells. shRNAs and siRNAs derived from CD95 or CD95 ligand (CD95L) are highly toxic to most cancer cells. We recently found that these sh/siRNAs kill cancer cells in the absence of the target by targeting the 3’UTRs of critical survival genes through canonical RNAi. We have named this unique form of off-target effect DISE (for death induced by survival gene elimination). DISE preferentially kills transformed cells and cancer stem cells. We demonstrate that DISE induction occurs in cancer cellsin vivoafter introducing a lentiviral CD95L derived shRNA (shL3) into HeyA8 ovarian cancer cells grown as i.p. xenografts in mice, when compared to a scrambled shRNA. To demonstrate the possibility of therapeutically inducing DISE, we coupled siRNAs to templated lipoprotein nano particles (TLP).In vitro,TLPs loaded with a CD95L derived siRNA (siL3) selectively silenced a biosensor comprised of Venus and CD95L ORF and killed ovarian cancer cells.In vivo,two siRNA-TLPs (siL2-TLP and siL3-TLP) reduced tumor growth similarly as observed for cells expressing the shL3 vector. These data suggest that it is possible to kill ovarian cancer cellsin vivovia DISE induction using siRNA-TLPs.
Propofol induces a metabolic switch to glycolysis and cell death in a mitochondrial electron transport chain-dependent manner
Authors: Sumi Chisato , Okamoto Akihisa , Tanaka Hiromasa , Nishi Kenichiro , Kusunoki Munenori , Shoji Tomohiro , Uba Takeo , Matsuo Yoshiyuki , Adachi Takehiko , Hayashi Jun-Ichi , Takenaga Keizo , Hirota Kiichi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe intravenous anesthetic propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) has been used for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia in operating rooms and for sedation in intensive care units. Although there is no widely accepted definition of propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS), PRIS is defined as the development of metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, hyperkalemia, hepatomegaly, renal failure, arrhythmia, and progressive cardiac failure. In vitro evidence suggests that PRIS is related to the impaired mitochondrial function. There are indications that preexisting mitochondrial disorders predispose to PRIS. However, the precise molecular mechanisms, including mitochondrial defects and a metabolic conversion by propofol, are largely unknown as yet. To elucidate the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of PRIS, we investigated the effects of propofol on the cellular metabolic mode and cell death. We demonstrated that clinically relevant concentrations of propofol, used within a clinically relevant exposure time, suppressed the mitochondrial function, caused the generation of reactive oxygen species, and induced a metabolic switch, from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, by targeting complexes I and III of mitochondria. The data also indicated that a predisposition to mitochondrial dysfunction, caused by a genetic mutation or pharmacological suppression of the electron transport chain by biguanides such as metformin and phenformin, promoted the cell death and caspase activation induced by propofol.
Extinction models of robustness for weighted ecological networks
Authors: Bane Miranda S. , Pocock Michael J. O. , James Richard 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAnalysis of ecological networks is a valuable approach to understanding the vulnerability of systems to environmental change. The tolerance of ecological networks to co-extinctions, resulting from sequences of primary extinctions, is a widely-used tool for modelling network ‘robustness’. Previously, these ‘extinction models’ have been developed for and applied mostly to binary networks and recently used to predict cascades of co-extinctions in plant-pollinator networks. There is a need for robustness models that can make the most of the weighted data available and most importantly there is a need to understand how the structure of a network affects its robustness.Here, we developed a framework of extinction models for bipartite ecological networks (specifically plant-pollinator networks). In previous models co-extinctions occurred when nodes lost all their links, but by relaxing this rule (according to a set threshold) our models can be applied to binary and weighted networks, and can permit structurally correlated extinctions, i.e. the potential for avalanches of extinctions. We tested how the average and the range of robustness values is impacted by network structure and the impact of structurally-correlated extinctions sampling non-uniformly from the distribution of random extinction sequences.We found that the way that structurally-correlated extinctions are modelled impacts the results; our two ecologically-plausible models produce opposing effects which shows the importance of understanding the model. We found that when applying the models to networks with weighted interactions, the effects are amplified and the variation in robustness increases. Variation in robustness is a key feature of these extinction models and is driven by the structural heterogeneity (i.e. the skewness of the degree distribution) of nodes (specifically, plant nodes) in the network.Our new framework of models enables us to calculate robustness with weighted, as well as binary, bipartite networks, and to make direct comparisons between models and between networks. This allows us to differentiate effects of the model and of the data (network structure) which is vital for those making ecological inferences from robustness models. The models can be applied to mutualistic and antagonistic networks, and can be extended to food webs.
Replication Timing Networks: a novel class of gene regulatory networks
Authors: Rivera-Mulia Juan Carlos , Kim Sebo , Gabr Haitham , Chakraborty Abhijit , Ay Ferhat , Kahveci Tamer , Gilbert David M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDNA replication occurs in a defined temporal order known as the replication-timing (RT) program and is regulated during development, coordinated with 3D genome organization and transcriptional activity. However, transcription and RT are not sufficiently coordinated to predict each other, suggesting an indirect relationship. Here, we exploit genome-wide RT profiles from 15 human cell types and intermediate differentiation stages derived from human embryonic stem cells to construct different types of RT regulatory networks. First, we constructed networks based on the coordinated RT changes during cell fate commitment to create highly complex RT networks composed of thousands of interactions that form specific functional sub-network communities. We also constructed directional regulatory networks based on the order of RT changes within cell lineages and identified master regulators of differentiation pathways. Finally, we explored relationships between RT networks and transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs), by combining them into more complex circuitries of composite and bipartite networks, revealing noveltransinteractions between transcription factors and downstream RT changes that were validated with ChIP-seq data. Our findings suggest a regulatory link between the establishment of cell type specific TRNs and RT control during lineage specification.
Common framework for “virtual lesion” and state-dependent TMS: the facilitatory/suppressive range model of online TMS effects on behavior
Authors: Silvanto Juha , Cattaneo Zaira 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe behavioral effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) are often nonlinear; factors such as stimulation intensity and brain state can modulate the impact of TMS on observable behavior in qualitatively different manner. Here we propose a theoretical framework to account for these effects. In this model, there are distinct intensity ranges for facilitatory and suppressive effects of TMS: low intensities facilitate neural activity and behavior whereas high intensities induce suppression. The key feature of the model is that these ranges are shifted by changes in neural excitability: consequently, a TMS intensity, which normally induces suppression, can have a facilitatory effect if the stimulated neurons are being inhibited. For example, adaptation reduces excitability of adapted neurons; the outcome is that TMS intensities which inhibit non-adapted neurons induce a facilitation on adapted neural representations, leading to reversal of adaptation effects. In conventional virtual lesion paradigms, similar effects occur because neurons not tuned to the target stimulus are inhibited. The resulting reduction in excitability can turn high intensity inhibitory TMS to low intensity facilitatory TMS for these neurons (whereas neurons tuned to the target stimulus are inhibited), leading to a reduction in signal-to-noise ratio. Thus differential excitability levels of neural populations contributing to behavior, combined with nonlinear neural effects, can explain how TMS modulates behavior.
Master’s thesis research in social marketing (1971-2015)
Authors: Truong V. Dao , Dietrich Timo 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
Limited attention has been given to the study of social marketing at the graduate level. Such a study not only reveals research interests and trends, but also provides insights into the level of academic evolution or maturity of the social marketing field. This paper aims to examine social marketing as the subject of master’s theses.

Design/methodology/approach
A search strategy found 266 social marketing-focused master’s theses completed from 1971 to 2015. These theses were analysed by host countries, institutions, disciplinary contexts and degree programmes for which they were submitted.

Findings
Only four theses were submitted from 1971-1980 and eight completed in 1981-1990. The number of theses increased to 35 in 1991-2000, 118 between 2001 and 2010 and 101 in the past five years (2011-2015). The USA was the leading producer of social marketing master’s theses, followed by Canada, Sweden, China, South Africa, the UK and Kenya. A majority of theses were housed in the disciplines of business, health and communication, and none of them was submitted for a Master of Social Marketing degree.

Originality/value
This is the first study that investigates master’s theses with an exclusive focus on social marketing. Implications for the evolution, learning and teaching of social marketing are provided.
Lasioglossins LLIII affect the morphogenesis of Candida albicans and reduces the duration of experimental vaginal candidiasis in mice
Authors: Vrablikova Alena , Czernekova Lydie , Cahlikova Romana , Novy Zbynek , Petrik Milos , Imran Saima , Novak Zdenek , Krupka Michal , Cerovsky Vaclav , Turanek Jaroslav , Raska Milan 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTLasioglossins are a group of peptides with identified antimicrobial activity. The inhibitory effects of two synthetic lasioglossin derivatives, LLIII and D‐isomeric variant LLIII‐D, on morphological changes in Candida albicans in vitro and the effect of local administration of LLIII during experimental murine candidiasis were investigated. C. albicans blastoconidia were grown in the presence of lasioglossin LLIII or LLIII‐D at concentrations of 11.5 μM and 21 μM, respectively, for 1, 2 and 3 days and their viability determined by flow cytometry using eosin Y staining. Morphological changes were examined by light and fluorescent microscopy. The Candida‐inhibitory effect of daily intravaginal administration of 0.7 or 1.4 μg of LLIII was assessed in mice with experimentally‐induced vaginal candidiasis. LLIII and LLIII‐D lasioglossins exhibited candidacidal activity in vitro (>76% after 24 hr and >84% after 48 hr of incubation). After 72 hr incubation of Candida with low concentration of lasioglossins, an increase in viability was detected, probably due to a Candida antimicrobial peptides evasion strategy. Furthermore, lasioglossins inhibited temperature‐induced morphotype changes toward hyphae and pseudohyphae with sporadic occurrence of atypical cells with two or enlarged nuclei, suggesting interference with mitosis or cytokinesis. Local application of LLIII reduced the duration of experimental candidiasis with no evidence of adverse effects. Lasioglossin LLIII is a promising candidate for development as an antimicrobial drug for treating the vaginal candidiasis.
Cellulose production is coupled to sensing of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway via c‐di‐GMP production by the DgcQ protein of Escherichia coli
Authors: Rossi Elio , Motta Sara , Aliverti Alessandro , Cossu Federica , Gourlay Louise , Mauri Pierluigi , Landini Paolo 
Published: September 2017

SummaryProduction of cellulose, a stress response‐mediated process in enterobacteria, is modulated in Escherichia coli by the activity of the two pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic pathways, namely, the de novo biosynthetic pathway and the salvage pathway, which relies on the environmental availability of pyrimidine nitrogenous bases. We had previously reported that prevalence of the salvage over the de novo pathway triggers cellulose production via synthesis of the second messenger c‐di‐GMP by the DgcQ (YedQ) diguanylate cyclase. In this work, we show that DgcQ enzymatic activity is enhanced by UTP, whilst being inhibited by N‐carbamoyl‐aspartate, an intermediate of the de novo pathway. Thus, direct allosteric control by these ligands allows full DgcQ activity exclusively in cells actively synthesizing pyrimidine nucleotides via the salvage pathway. Inhibition of DgcQ activity by N‐carbamoyl‐aspartate appears to be favoured by protein‐protein interaction between DgcQ and PyrB, a subunit of aspartate transcarbamylase, which synthesizes N‐carbamoyl‐aspartate. Our results suggest that availability of pyrimidine bases might be sensed, somehow paradoxically, as an environmental stress by E. coli. We hypothesize that this link might have evolved since stress events, leading to extensive DNA/RNA degradation or lysis of neighbouring cells, can result in increased pyrimidine concentrations and activation of the salvage pathway.
Application of Visible/Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy in the Prediction of Azodicarbonamide in Wheat Flour
Authors: Che Wenkai , Sun Laijun , Zhang Qian , Zhang Dan , Ye Dandan , Tan Wenyi , Wang Lekai , Dai Changjun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAzodicarbonamide is wildly used in flour industry as a flour gluten fortifier in many countries, but it was proved by some researches to be dangerous or unhealthy for people and not suitable to be added in flour. Applying a rapid, convenient, and noninvasive technique in food analytical procedure for the safety inspection has become an urgent need. This paper used Vis/NIR reflectance spectroscopy analysis technology, which is based on the physical property analysis to predict the concentration of azodicarbonamide in flour. Spectral data in range from 400 to 2498 nm were obtained by scanning 101 samples which were prepared using the stepwise dilution method. Furthermore, the combination of leave‐one‐out cross‐validation and Mahalanobis distance method was used to eliminate abnormal spectral data, and correlation coefficient method was used to choose characteristic wavebands. Partial least squares, back propagation neural network, and radial basis function were used to establish prediction model separately. By comparing the prediction results between 3 models, the radial basis function model has the best prediction results whose correlation coefficients (R), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) reached 0.99996, 0.5467, and 116.5858, respectively.Practical ApplicationAzodicarbonamide has been banned or limited in many countries. This paper proposes a method to predict azodicarbonamide concentrate in wheat flour, which will be used for a rapid, convenient, and noninvasive detection device.
Is microbial terroir related to geographic distance between vineyards?
Authors: Miura Toshiko , Sánchez Roland , Castañeda Luis E. , Godoy Karina , Barbosa Olga 
Published: September 2017

SummaryWhile there are substantial studies suggesting that characteristics of wine are related to regional microbial community composition (microbial terroir), there has been little discussion about what factors affect variation in regional microbial community composition. In this study, we compared the microbial community composition of leaves and berries of a grape variety (Carmenere) from six different Chilean vineyards within 35 km of each other. In order to determine relationships between spatial proximity and microbial compositional dissimilarity, we sequenced amplicons of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for fungi and 16S rRNA gene for bacteria. Results showed that both the fungal and the bacterial community compositions of the studied vineyards differed, but this difference was much clearer in fungi than in bacteria. In addition, while bacterial community dissimilarity was not correlated with geographic distance, the leaf and berry fungal community dissimilarities between locations increased with geographic distance. This indicates that spatial processes play an important role in structuring the biogeographic pattern of grape‐associated fungal communities at local scales, which might in turn contribute to the local identity of wine.
High‐level resistance of Melissococcus plutonius clonal complex 3 strains to antimicrobial activity of royal jelly
Authors: Takamatsu Daisuke , Osawa Aya , Nakamura Keiko , Yoshiyama Mikio , Okura Masatoshi 
Published: September 2017

SummaryMelissococcus plutonius is the causative agent of European foulbrood of honey bee larvae. Among its three genetically distinct groups (CC3, CC12 and CC13), CC3 strains have been suggested to be more virulent at the colony level. Honey bee larvae are fed royal or worker jellies by adult bees, and these jellies exhibit antimicrobial activity. Since M. plutonius orally infects larvae via brood food, we herein investigated the resistance of M. plutonius to the antimicrobial activity of royal jelly (RJ). The results obtained revealed that M. plutonius strains were more resistant to RJ and its component, 10‐hydroxy‐2‐decenoic acid, than the other species tested. Moreover, among the M. plutonius strains examined, CC3 strains exhibited the strongest resistance to antimicrobial activity; they temporarily proliferated and survived for a long period in 50% RJ‐containing broth. However, resistance was not observed when freshly cultured bacteria were used, it was only detected after a preculture on agar media for five or more days, suggesting that, under certain conditions, CC3 strains change their physiological state to that which is advantageous for survival in brood food. This high‐level RJ resistance of CC3 strains may contribute to their virulence in the field.