bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late‐Quaternary Slip Rate and Seismic Activity of the Xianshuihe Fault Zone in Southwest China
Authors: Yongshuang ZHANG , Xin YAO , Kai YU , Guoliang DU , Changbao GUO 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Xianshuihe fault zone is a seismo‐genetic fault zone of left‐lateral slip in Southwest China. Since 1725, a total of 59 Ms ≥ 5.0 earthquakes have occurred along this fault zone, including 18 Ms 6.0–6.9 and eight Ms ≥ 7.0 earthquakes. The seismic risk of the Xianshuihe fault zone is a large and realistic threat to the western Sichuan economic corridor. Based on previous studies, we carried out field geological survey and remote sensing interpretation in the fault zone. In addition, geophysical surveys, trenching and age‐dating were conducted in the key parts to better understand the geometry, spatial distribution and activity of the fault zone. We infer to divide the fault zone into two parts: the northwest part and the southeast part, with total eight segments. Their Late Quaternary slip rates vary in a range of 11.5 mm/a – (3±1) mm/a. The seismic activities of the Xianshuihe fault zone are frequent and strong, periodical, and reoccurred. Combining the spatial and temporal distribution of the historical earthquakes, the seismic hazard of the Xianshuihe fault zone has been predicted by using the relationship between magnitude and frequency of earthquakes caused by different fault segments. The prediction results show that the segment between Daofu and Qianning has a possibility of Ms ≥ 7.0 earthquakes, while the segment between Shimian and Luding is likely to have earthquakes of about Ms 7.0. It is suggested to establish a GPS or InSAR‐based real‐time monitoring network of surface displacement to cover the Xianshuihe fault zone, and an early warning system of earthquakes and post seismic geohazards to cover the major residential areas.
Interpreting the Coseismic Uplift and Subsidence of the Longmen Shan Foreland Basin System during the Wenchuan Earthquake by a Elastic Flexural Model
Authors: Zhaokun YAN , Yong LI , Chongjian SHAO , Rongjun ZHOU , Liang YAN , Guohua ZHAO , Binglei YAN 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe coseismic surface uplift of the Longmen Shan (LMS) created an instantaneous topographic load over the western margin of the Sichuan Basin, where surface subsidence, decreasing eastward, has been measured using several methods, such as GPS, SAR and levelling. Using an elastic flexural model, we aim to interpret the coseismic surface uplift and subsidence, and constrain the effective lithospheric elastic thickness (Te) of the Sichuan Basin. Using different effective elastic thickness values for the Sichuan Basin, a series of subsidence curves were computed by the elastic flexure model equation for a broken elastic plate. The curves, produced by models using an effective elastic thickness of 30–40 km, provided the best fit to the general pattern of observed coseismic subsidence of the Sichuan Basin. However, the calculated subsidence (∼40–70 cm) at the front of the LMS is evidently lower than the observed values (∼100 cm), suggesting that the effective elastic thickness therein should be lower. These results indicate that the lithospheric strength may decrease westward from the Sichuan Basin to the LMS.
Differential Evolution of High‐Pressure and Ultrahigh‐Pressure Metapelites from Habutengsu, Chinese Western Tianshan: Phase Equilibria Modelling and 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology
Authors: Zeng LÜ , Lifei ZHANG 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMetapelite is one of the predominant rock types in the high‐pressure–ultrahigh‐pressure (HP–UHP) metamorphic belt of western Tianshan, NW China; however, the spatial and temporal variations of this belt during metamorphism are poorly understood. In this study, we present comparative petrological studies and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of HP and UHP pelitic schist exposed along the Habutengsu valley. The schist mainly comprises quartz, white mica, garnet, albite and bluish amphibole. In the MnO–Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O (MnNCKFMASH) system, P–T pseudosections were constructed using THERMOCALC 333 for two representative pelitic schists. The results demonstrate that there was a break in the peak metamorphic pressures in the Habutengsu area. The northern schist has experienced UHP metamorphism, consistent with the presence of coesite in the same section, while the southern one formed at lower pressures that stabilized the quartz. This result supports the previous finding of a metamorphic gradient through the HP–UHP metamorphic belt of the Chinese western Tianshan by the authors. Additionally, phengite in the northern schist was modelled as having a Si content of 3.55–3.70 (a.p.f.u.) at the peak stage, a value much higher than that of oriented matrix phengite (Si content 3.32–3.38 a.p.f.u.). This indicates that the phengite flakes in the UHP schist were subjected to recrystallization during exhumation, which is consistent with the presence of phengite aggregates surrounding garnet porphyroblast. The 40Ar/39Ar age spectra of white mica (dominantly phengite) from the two schists exhibit similar plateau ages of ca. 315 Ma, which is interpreted as the timing of a tectonometamorphic event that occurred during the exhumation of the HP–UHP metamorphic belt of the Chinese western Tianshan.
moveHMM: an R package for the statistical modelling of animal movement data using hidden Markov models
Authors: Michelot Théo , Langrock Roland , Patterson Toby A. 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Due to the substantial progress in tracking technology, recent years have seen an explosion in the amount of movement data being collected. This has led to a huge demand for statistical tools that allow ecologists to draw meaningful inference from large tracking data sets.

The class of hidden Markov models (HMMs) matches the intuitive understanding that animal movement is driven by underlying behavioural modes and has proven to be very useful for analysing movement data. For data that involve a regular sampling unit and negligible measurement error, these models usually are sufficiently flexible to capture the complex correlation structure found in movement data, yet are computationally inexpensive compared to alternative methods.

The R package moveHMM allows ecologists to process GPS tracking data into series of step lengths and turning angles, and to fit an HMM to these data, allowing, in particular, for the incorporation of environmental covariates. The package includes assessment and visualization tools for the fitted model.

We illustrate the use of moveHMM using (simulated) movement of the legendary wild haggis Haggis scoticus. Our findings illustrate the role our software, and movement modelling in general, can play in conservation and management by illuminating environmental constraints.
Opioid‐related Policies in New England Emergency Departments
Authors: Weiner Scott G. , Raja Ali S. , Bittner Jane C. , Curtis Kevin M. , Weimersheimer Peter , Hasegawa Kohei , Espinola Janice A. , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe opioid abuse and overdose epidemic in the United States has led to the need for new practice policies to guide clinicians. We describe implementation of opioid‐related policies in emergency departments (EDs) in New England to gauge progress and determine where further work is needed.MethodsThis study analyzed data from the 2015 National Emergency Department Inventory–New England survey. The survey queried directors of every ED (n = 195) in the six New England states to determine the implementation of five specific policies related to opioid management. ED characteristics (e.g., annual visits, location, and admission rates) were also obtained and a multivariable analysis was conducted to identify ED characteristics independently associated with the number of opioid‐related policies implemented.ResultsOverall, 169 EDs (87%) responded, with a >80% response rate in each state. Implementation of opioid‐related policies varied as follows: 1) use of a screening tool for patients with suspected prescription opioid abuse potential (n = 30, 18%), 2) access state prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) before prescribing opioids (n = 132, 78%), 3) notify the primary opioid prescriber when prescribing opioids for ED patients with chronic pain (n = 69, 41%), 4) refer patients with opioid abuse to recovery resources (n = 117, 70%), and 5) prescribe naloxone to patients at risk of opioid overdose after ED discharge (n = 19, 12%). EDs located in metropolitan areas and with at least one attending physician on duty 24/7 were less likely to implement opioid policies (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48–0.89; and IRR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.6–1.0, respectively) while EDs with ≥15% hospitalization rate that used electronic computerized medication ordering and those in Rhode Island were more likely to implement opioid policies (IRR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.03–1.48; IRR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.19–3.22; and IRR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.08–1.56, respectively).ConclusionsThe implementation of opioid‐related policies varies among New England EDs. The presence of policies recommending use of screening tools and prescribing naloxone for at‐risk patients was low, whereas those regarding utilization of the PDMP and referral of patients with opioid abuse to recovery resources were more common. These data provide important benchmarks for future evaluations and recommendations.
International compliance with new Basel Accord principles for risk governance
Authors: Wright Sue , Sheedy Elizabeth , Magee Shane 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe assess international compliance with the Basel Committee's 2010 guidance on governance of banking organisations. Based on an extensive examination of regulatory documents in selected advanced economies, we find that reform is incomplete in jurisdictions most affected by the financial crisis, and with the largest financial centres. In contrast, other countries less affected by the financial crisis have enacted risk governance reforms as protection against potential future contagion. We provide insights for policy‐makers charged with improving governance at banks, and a richer understanding for international regulators as they revise the guidelines and aim for greater compliance at the national level.
Factors predicting a failed primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injury
Authors: Kirss Jaan , Pinta Tarja , Böckelman Camilla , Victorzon Mikael 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe success of the primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) is paramount in maintaining adequate fecal continence after childbirth. The factors determining the success or failure of primary repair are unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate modifiable factors determining the success or failure of the primary sphincter repair after OASI.Material and methodsSixty women with OASI were investigated by endoanal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging, and with the Wexner incontinence questionnaire. Based on the findings, the women were divided in two groups; successful primary repair group (n = 41) and failed primary repair group (n = 19).ResultsThe primary repair failed in 31.7% of the tears. These included more tears repaired by less experienced personnel (p < 0.001) and more repairs performed during on‐call hours (p = 0.039) than in the successful primary repair group. Significantly more pain medication was used in the failed group (p = 0.003), and the use of antibiotics and laxatives after the repair was more common in the successful group (p < 0.001). Sphincter injuries were repaired using the overlapping suture technique in 95.1% of the repairs in the successful group compared with 47.4% in the failed group (p = 0.03). The mean (SD) Wexner score was significantly higher in the failed group [5.92 (4.1) vs. 1.88 (4.2), p < 0.001], in agreement with the findings on endoanal ultrasound.ConclusionsPostpartum perineal tears should be evaluated by personnel familiar with the diagnosis and repair of OASI. Delaying the primary repair until next morning is recommended if experienced personnel are unavailable during on‐call hours.
Effects on postpartum weight retention after antenatal lifestyle intervention – a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ronnberg AnnKristin , Hanson Ulf , Ostlund Ingrid , Nilsson Kerstin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionHigh weight retention after pregnancy is related to an increased risk of future obesity. The objective was to evaluate whether an antenatal intervention, compared with standard care, could reduce postpartum weight retention (PPWR).Material and methodsWomen with body mass index >19, age ≥18 years, knowledge of Swedish, and pregnancy ≤16 weeks' gestation were randomized. Standard care was compared with a composite intervention including a personalized weight graph, education on recommended weight gain, prescription of exercise, and monitoring of weight until 1 year after delivery. Mean (kg) PPWR was compared between the groups and risk estimates (odds ratio) for excessive weight retention were calculated.ResultsOf 445 women randomized, 267 remained for analysis at ≤16 weeks postpartum and 168 at 1 year postpartum. The intervention group had a significantly lower mean PPWR at ≤16 weeks [1.81 kg (standard deviation, SD, 4.52) vs. 3.19 kg (SD 4.77), p = 0.016]. At one year postpartum, mean retention was still 0.7 kg lower in the intervention group [0.30 kg (SD 5.52) vs. 1.00 kg (SD 5.46)]; the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.414). Gestational weight gain above Institute of Medicine recommendations was a significant risk factor for excessive weight retention (>5 kg) one year after delivery (OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.08–5.52, p = 0.029).ConclusionsA composite lifestyle intervention during pregnancy reduced short‐term weight retention, but the effect of the intervention did not remain at 1 year postpartum. A gestational weight gain above Institute of Medicine recommendations increases the risk of excessive long‐term weight retention.
Effect of Impeller Geometry on Lift‐Off Characteristics and Rotational Attitude in a Monopivot Centrifugal Blood Pump
Authors: Nishida Masahiro , Nakayama Kento , Sakota Daisuke , Kosaka Ryo , Maruyama Osamu , Kawaguchi Yasuo , Kuwana Katsuyuki , Yamane Takashi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe effect of the flow path geometry of the impeller on the lift‐off and tilt of the rotational axis of the impeller against the hydrodynamic force was investigated in a centrifugal blood pump with an impeller supported by a single‐contact pivot bearing. Four types of impeller were compared: the FR model with the flow path having both front and rear cutouts on the tip, the F model with the flow path having only a front cutout, the R model with only a rear cutout, and the N model with a straight flow path. First, the axial thrust and the movement about the pivot point, which was loaded on the surface of the impeller, were calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Next, the lift‐off point and the tilt of the rotational axis of the impeller were measured experimentally. The CFD analysis showed that the axial thrust increased gently in the FR and R models as the flow rate increased, whereas it increased drastically in the F and N models. This difference in axial thrust was likely from the higher pressure caused by the smaller circumferential velocity in the gap between the top surface of the impeller and the casing in the FR and R models than in the F and N models, which was caused by the rear cutout. These results corresponded with the experimental results showing that the impellers lifted off in the F and N models as the flow rate increased, whereas it did not in the FR and R models. Conversely, the movement about the pivot point increased in the direction opposite the side with the pump outlet as the flow rate increased. However, the tilt of the rotational axis of the impeller, which oriented away from the pump outlet, was less than 0.8° in any model under any conditions, and was considered to negligibly affect the rotational attitude of the impeller. These results confirm that a rear cutout prevents lift‐off of the impeller caused by a decrease in the axial thrust.
Oxymatrine Induces Liver Injury through JNK Signalling Pathway Mediated by TNF‐α In Vivo
Authors: Lu Hong , Zhang Li , Gu Li‐Li , Hou Bi‐Yu , Du Guan‐Hua 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOxymatrine (OMT) is a traditional Chinese medicine monomer and has been used for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis and many other diseases. We aimed to investigate whether OMT could induce hepatotoxicity in mice and explored the preliminary mechanisms of toxic effects. Twenty‐four Institute for Cancer Research male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, 40, 160 and 320 mg/kg OMT‐treated group. OMT was orally administered once daily for 7 days. The OMT‐treated group exhibited an improved liver index and increase in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase,augmented liver histological injury, elevated levels of malondialdehyde and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) accompanied by the activation of caspase‐9/‐8/‐3, up‐regulated expressions of tumour necrosis factor receptor l (TNFR1), TNF receptor‐associated structure domain (TRADD) and phosphorylation of stress‐activated protein kinase/c‐jun N‐terminal protein kinases (p‐SAPK/JNK). Altogether, these results suggest that OMT at a dose of 320 mg/kg leads to liver damage and is related to the activation of JNK signalling pathway mediated by TNF‐α in the liver of mice.
Intravenous Lipid Emulsion as an Antidote for the Treatment of Acute Poisoning: A Bibliometric Analysis of Human and Animal Studies
Authors: Zyoud Sa'ed H. , Waring W. Stephen , Al‐Jabi Samah W. , Sweileh Waleed M. , Rahhal Belal , Awang Rahmat 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn recent years, there has been increasing interest in the role of intravenous lipid formulations as potential antidotes in patients with severe cardiotoxicity caused by drug toxicity. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of all human and animal studies featuring lipid emulsion as an antidote for the treatment of acute poisoning. The Scopus database search was performed on 5 February 2016 to analyse the research output related to intravenous lipid emulsion as an antidote for the treatment of acute poisoning. Research indicators used for analysis included total number of articles, date (year) of publication, total citations, value of the h‐index, document types, countries of publication, journal names, collaboration patterns and institutions. A total of 594 articles were retrieved from Scopus database for the period of 1955–2015. The percentage share of global intravenous lipid emulsion research output showed that research output was 85.86% in 2006–2015 with yearly average growth in this field of 51 articles per year. The USA, United Kingdom (UK), France, Canada, New Zealand, Germany, Australia, China, Turkey and Japan accounted for 449 (75.6%) of all the publications. The total number of citations for all documents was 9,333, with an average of 15.7 citations per document. The h‐index of the retrieved documents for lipid emulsion research as antidote for the treatment of acute poisoning was 49. The USA and the UK achieved the highest h‐indices, 34 and 14, respectively. New Zealand produced the greatest number of documents with international collaboration (51.9%) followed by Australia (50%) and Canada (41.4%) out of the total number of publications for each country. In summary, we found an increase in the number of publications in the field of lipid emulsion after 2006. The results of this study demonstrate that the majority of publications in the field of lipid emulsion were published by high‐income countries. Researchers from institutions in the USA led scientific production on lipid emulsion research. There is an obvious need to promote a deeper engagement through international collaborative research projects and funding mechanisms.
Economic impact of genomic diagnostics for intermediate‐risk acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Cressman Sonya , Karsan Aly , Hogge Donna E. , McPherson Emily , Bolbocean Corneliu , Regier Dean A. , Peacock Stuart J. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryAcute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) is a rare but serious group of diseases that require critical decision‐making for curative treatment. Over the past decade, scientific discovery has revealed dozens of prognostic gene mutations forAMLwhile sequencing costs have plummeted. In this study, we compared the cost‐effectiveness of multigene integrative analysis (genomic analysis) with the standard molecular testing currently used for diagnosis of intermediate‐riskAML. We used a decision analytic model with data for costs and outcomes from British Columbia, Canada, to assess the long‐term (10‐year) economic impacts. Our results suggest that genomic analysis would result in a 26% increase in the use of first‐remission allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The resulting treatment decisions and downstream effects would come at an additional cost of $12 556 [2013 Canadian dollars (CAD)] per person and the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio would be $49 493 per quality‐adjusted life‐year gained. Cost‐effectiveness was dependent on quality of life during the long‐term (5–10) years of survival, relapse rates following first‐remission chemotherapy and the upfront cost of transplantation. Non‐relapse mortality rates, short‐term quality of life and the cost of genomic sequencing had only minor impacts. Further research on post‐remission outcomes can lead to improvements in the cost‐effectiveness of curative treatments forAML.
Predicting and preventing readmissions in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Covert Kelly L. , Fleming James N. , Staino Carmelina , Casale Jillian P. , Boyle Kimberly M. , Pilch Nicole A. , Meadows Holly B. , Mardis Caitlin R. , McGillicuddy John W. , Nadig Satish , Bratton Charles F. , Chavin Kenneth D. , Baliga Prabhakar K. , Taber David J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA lack of research exploring post‐transplant process optimization to reduce readmissions and increasing readmission rates at our center from 2009 to 2013 led to this study, aimed at assessing the effect of patient and process factors on 30‐d readmission rates after kidney transplantation.This was a retrospective case–control study in adult kidney transplant recipients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were utilized to assess patient and process determinants of 30‐d readmissions.384 patients were included; 30‐d readmissions were significantly associated with graft loss and death (p = 0.001). Diabetes (p = 0.049), pharmacist identification of poor understanding or adherence, and prolonged time on hemodialysis prior to transplant were associated with an increased risk of 30‐d readmissions. After controlling for risk factors, readmission rates were only independently predicted by pharmacist identification of patient lack of understanding or adherence regarding post‐transplant medications and dialysis exposure for more than three yr (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.10–4.71, p = 0.026 and OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.22, 3.70, respectively), both of which were significantly modified by history of diabetes.Thirty‐d readmissions are attributable to both patient and process‐level factors. These data suggest that a lack of post‐transplant medication knowledge in high‐risk patients drives early hospital readmission.