bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and cardiovascular events due to NSAIDs in the diabetic elderly population
Authors: Kim Jungmee , Lee Joongyub , Shin Cheol Min , Lee Dong Ho , Park Byung-Joo 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveWe assessed gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) and cardiovascular (CV) risks such as myocardial infarction or stroke associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use among elderly patients with diabetes.MethodsUsing a nationwide claims database covering 2008–2012, we conducted a cohort study of patients with diabetes aged ≥65 years. Among the 117 610 patients, NSAID users and non-users were propensity score matched, excluding any who had experienced a potentially confounding event in the year prior to cohort entry. Multivariate Cox regression models treating death as competing risk were used.ResultsThere were 2184 (1.86%) cases of GIB and NSAID users had an adjusted HR (aHR) of 1.68 (95% CI 1.54 to 1.83) of GIB risk after adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities and recent medications compared to NSAID non-users. There were 9333 (7.94%) cases of myocardial infarction or stroke with an aHR of 1.20 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.25). The risk of GIB was higher in patients with liver disease and renal failure, while that of CV events was higher in patients who received anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, aspirin and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The number needed to harm was 111 for GIB and 77 for CV events. Among different NSAIDs, nimesulide increased the risk of GIB and ketorolac increased the risk of CV events compared to celecoxib (aHR 2.60 and 3.13, respectively).ConclusionsElderly patients with diabetes treating NSAIDs had a significantly higher risk of both upper GIB and CV events compared to NSAID non-users, and the risk varied among different NSAIDs regardless of cyclooxygenase-2 activity.
Risk of psychological distress in parents of preterm children in the first year: evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Carson Claire , Redshaw Maggie , Gray Ron , Quigley Maria A 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo assess whether the parents of babies born preterm (PT; <37 weeks completed gestation) are at excess risk of psychological distress (PD) at 9 months postpartum, and to explore the influence of the degree of prematurity.Design and participantsData were drawn from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative prospective cohort of babies born in 2000–2002. 12 100 families with complete data available for both parents at recruitment (9 months postpartum) are included.Exposure and outcomeMothers report of gestational age at birth (in weeks) was grouped into: very PT (<32 weeks), moderately PT (32–33 weeks), late PT (34–36 weeks), early term (37–38 weeks), full-term (39–41 weeks), post-term (42 weeks). PD was assessed using a modified Rutter Malaise Inventory, a validated instrument that has been used in both men and women to assess levels of anxiety and distress.ResultsOverall, 7% of families reported a PT birth; 12.1% of mothers and 8.9% of fathers showed signs of PD at 9 months postpartum. The mothers of very PT infants had an increased risk of PD, compared with the mothers of full-term babies (unadjusted OR 2.10 (1.30 to 3.39; adjusted OR 1.66 (1.02 to 2.69)). Mothers of moderate or late PT babies had no apparent increased risk of PD. However, mothers of early term babies also showed a small excess risk of PD (adjusted OR 1.16 (0.99 to 1.36)). Unadjusted analysis suggested a doubling in the risk of PD in fathers of very and moderately PT babies, compared with fathers of full-term babies, which remains statistically significant after adjustment in the moderately PT group (adjusted OR1.98 (1.20 to 3.29)).ConclusionsThe parents of very PT children are at an increased risk of PD at 9 months postpartum, and mothers of children born at early term also see an elevated risk compared with mothers of full-term babies.
Systematic review of the evidence on the effectiveness of sexual and reproductive health interventions in humanitarian crises
Authors: Warren Emily , Post Nathan , Hossain Mazeda , Blanchet Karl , Roberts Bayard 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesThis systematic review aims to evaluate evidence on the effectiveness of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) interventions delivered in humanitarian crises.SettingCrisis affected low-income or middle-income countries.ParticipantsCrisis-affected populations in low-income or middle-income countries.MethodPeer-reviewed and grey literature sources were systematically searched for relevant papers detailing interventions from 1 January 1980 until the search date on 30 April 2013. Data from included studies were then extracted, and the papers’ quality evaluated using criteria based on modified STROBE and CONSORT checklists.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes include, but are not limited to, changes in morbidity, mortality, sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis or gender-based violence. Secondary outcomes include, but are not limited to, reported condom use or skilled attendance at birth. Primary outputs include, but are not limited to, condoms distributed or education courses taught.ResultsOf 7149 returned citations, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Only one randomised controlled trial was identified. The remaining observational studies were of moderate quality, demonstrating limited use of controls and inadequate attempts to address bias. Evidence of effectiveness was available for the following interventions: impregnated bed nets for pregnant women, subsidised refugee healthcare, female community health workers, and tiered community reproductive health services.ConclusionsThe limited evidence base for SRH interventions highlights the need for improved research on the effectiveness of public health interventions in humanitarian crises. While interventions proven efficacious in stable settings are being used in humanitarian efforts, more evidence is required to demonstrate the effectiveness of delivering and scaling-up such interventions in humanitarian crises.
Effect of obesity on functional outcomes at 6 months post-stroke among elderly Koreans: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Jang Shin Yi , Shin Yong-Il , Kim Deog Young , Sohn Min Kyun , Lee Jongmin , Lee Sam-Gyu , Oh Gyung-Jae , Lee Yang-Soo , Joo Min Cheol , Han Eun Young , Chang Won Hyuk , Kang Chung , Kim Yun-Hee 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesWe examined whether obesity based on body mass index (BMI) was a predictor of functional independence measure (FIM) at 6 months after ischaemic stroke onset while adjusting for stroke risk factors and covariates and stratifying by age group.DesignThis is an interim report of the Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation that was designed as a nested case study within a nationwide hospital-based cohort.SettingWe identified all patients who were admitted to nine representative hospitals in Korea from 2012 until 2014 under a diagnosis of acute first-ever ischaemic stroke. The hospitals were selected from the metropolitan district, mid-sized cities and a small-sized city.ParticipantsThe sample included 2057 patients with acute ischaemic stroke who were at least 18 years old.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe divided participants into two age levels (<65 and ≥65 years). Participants were classified into five groups according to their baseline BMI at admission: underweight (BMI<18.5), normal (18.5≤BMI<23), overweight (23≤BMI<25), obese (25≤BMI<30) and extremely obese (30≤BMI).ResultsThe proportion of patients who were aged ≥65 years was 55.0%. The proportions of underweight, normal, overweight, obese and extremely obese patients were 2.6%, 24.3%, 29.6%, 37.2% and 6.3%, respectively, in the <65 years group and 5.5%, 34.5%, 27.9%, 28.8% and 3.3%, respectively, in the ≥65 years group. In a multiple linear regression, the 6-month FIM after stroke in the elderly group was significantly associated with being extremely obese (7.95, p<0.05) after adjusting for confounding variables. In the <65 years group, the 6-month FIM was not associated with any weight category.ConclusionsThis nationwide hospital-based cohort study showed that extreme obesity is a predictor of a good 6-month FIM, especially in patients with ischaemic stroke who are at least 65 years of age.
Social distribution of diabetes, hypertension and related risk factors in Barbados: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Howitt Christina , Hambleton Ian R , Rose Angela M C , Hennis Anselm , Samuels T Alafia , George Kenneth S , Unwin Nigel 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo describe the distribution of diabetes, hypertension and related behavioural and biological risk factors in adults in Barbados by gender, education and occupation.DesignMultistage probability sampling was used to select a representative sample of the adult population (≥25 years). Participants were interviewed using standard questionnaires, underwent anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and provided fasting blood for glucose and cholesterol measurements. Standard WHO definitions were used. Data were weighted for sampling and non-response, and were age and sex standardised to the 2010 Barbados population. Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated, and prevalence ratios were calculated for behavioural and biological risk factors by demographic and socioeconomic group.ResultsStudy response rate was 55.0%, with 764 women, 470 men. Prevalence of obesity was 33.8% (95% CI 30.7% to 37.1%); hypertension 40.6% (95% CI 36.5% to 44.9%); and diabetes 18.7% (95% CI 16.2% to 21.4%). Compared with women, men were less likely to be obese (prevalence ratio 0.5; 95% CI 0.4 to 0.7), or physically inactive (0.5; 0.4 to 0.6), but more likely to smoke tobacco (4.1; 2.5 to 6.7) and consume large amounts of alcohol in a single episode (4.6; 2.7 to 7.6). Both diabetes (0.83; 0.65 to 1.05) and hypertension (0.89; 0.79 to 1.02) were lower in men, but not significantly so. In women, higher educational level was related to higher fruit and vegetable intake, more physical activity, less diabetes and less hypercholesterolaemia (p 0.01–0.04). In men, higher education was related only to less smoking (p 0.04). Differences by occupation were limited to smoking in men and hypercholesterolaemia in women.ConclusionsIn this developing country population, sex appears to be a much stronger determinant of behavioural risk factors, as well as obesity and its related risks, than education or occupation. These findings have implications for meeting the commitments made in the 2011 Rio Political Declaration, to eliminate health inequities.
Incidence of childhood pneumonia: facility-based surveillance estimate compared to measured incidence in a South African birth cohort study
Authors: le Roux David M , Myer Landon , Nicol Mark P , Zar Heather J 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundPneumonia is the leading cause of childhood mortality and a major contributor to childhood morbidity, but accurate measurement of pneumonia incidence is challenging. We compared pneumonia incidence using a facility-based surveillance system to estimates from a cohort study conducted contemporaneously in the same community in Cape Town, South Africa.MethodsA surveillance system was developed in six public sector primary care clinics and in a regional referral hospital, to detect childhood pneumonia cases. Nurses recorded all children presenting to facilities who met WHO case definitions of pneumonia, and hospital records were reviewed. Estimates of pneumonia incidence and severity were compared with incidence rates based on active surveillance in the Drakenstein Child Health Study.ResultsFrom June 2012 until September 2013, the surveillance system detected 306 pneumonia episodes in children under 1 year of age, an incidence of 0.20 episodes/child-year (e/cy) (95% CI 0.17 to 0.22 e/cy). The incidence in the cohort study from the same period was 0.27 e/cy (95% CI 0.23 to 0.32 e/cy). Pneumonia incidence in the surveillance system was almost 30% lower than in the birth cohort; incidence rate ratio 0.72 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.89). In the surveillance system, 18% were severe pneumonia cases, compared to 23% in the birth cohort, rate ratio 0.81 (95% CI 0.55 to 1.18).ConclusionsIn this setting, facility-based pneumonia surveillance detected fewer cases of pneumonia, and fewer severe cases, compared to the corresponding cohort study. Facility pneumonia surveillance using data collected by local healthcare workers provides a useful estimate of the epidemiology of childhood pneumonia but may underestimate incidence and severity.
Impulsivity-focused group intervention to reduce binge eating episodes in patients with binge eating disorder: study protocol of the randomised controlled IMPULS trial
Authors: Schag Kathrin , Leehr Elisabeth J , Martus Peter , Bethge Wolfgang , Becker Sandra , Zipfel Stephan , Giel Katrin E 
Published: December 2015

IntroductionThe core symptom of binge eating disorder (BED) is recurrent binge eating that is accompanied by a sense of loss of control. BED is frequently associated with obesity, one of the main public health challenges today. Experimental studies deliver evidence that general trait impulsivity and disorder-specific food-related impulsivity constitute risk factors for BED. Cognitive-behavioural treatment (CBT) is deemed to be the most effective intervention concerning BED. We developed a group intervention based on CBT and especially focusing on impulsivity. We hypothesise that such an impulsivity-focused group intervention is able to increase control over impulsive eating behaviour, that is, reduce binge eating episodes, further eating pathology and impulsivity. Body weight might also be influenced in the long term.Methods and analysisThe present randomised controlled trial investigates the feasibility, acceptance and efficacy of this impulsivity-focused group intervention in patients with BED. We compare 39 patients with BED in the experimental group to 39 patients with BED in the control group at three appointments: before and after the group intervention and in a 3-month follow-up. Patients with BED in the experimental group receive 8 weekly sessions of the impulsivity-focused group intervention with 5-6 patients per group. Patients with BED in the control group receive no group intervention. The primary outcome is the binge eating frequency over the past 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes comprise further eating pathology, general impulsivity and food-related impulsivity assessed by eye tracking methodology, and body weight. Additionally, we assess binge eating and other impulsive behaviour weekly in process analyses during the time period of the group intervention.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the ethics committee of the medical faculty of Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and the University Hospital Tübingen. Data are monitored by the Centre of Clinical Studies, University Hospital Tübingen.Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00007689, 14/01/2015, version from 11/06/2015, pre-results.
Comparison of respiratory health-related quality of life in patients with intractable breathlessness due to advanced cancer or advanced COPD
Authors: Javadzadeh Shagayegh , Chowienczyk Sarah , Booth Sara , Farquhar Morag 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesBreathlessness is common in patients with advanced cancer and almost universal in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but studies suggest their experiences of breathlessness vary. This report builds on these studies by providing quantitative evidence of differences in respiratory health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between these groups. Further, it explores the validity of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) in patients with cancer.MethodsThe CRQ-Original was completed within baseline interviews for a randomised controlled trial of a palliative intervention for intractable breathlessness due to advanced disease. Independent samples Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to identify significant differences in median scores for the four CRQ domains (mastery, dyspnoea, emotional function, fatigue) in patients with advanced COPD (n=73) or advanced cancer (n=67). The Minimally Clinically Important Difference of 0.5 was applied to determine clinical significance.ResultsPatients with advanced COPD scored lower across all four CRQ domains. This was statistically significant for dyspnoea, mastery and emotional function (p<0.05), and clinically significant for the latter two, suggesting poorer respiratory HRQoL.ConclusionsPatients with breathlessness due to advanced COPD have worse respiratory HRQoL than those with advanced cancer. This may result from greater burden of breathlessness in COPD due to condition longevity, lesser burden of breathlessness in cancer due to its episodic nature, or variance in palliative referral thresholds by disease group. Our results suggest that greater access to palliative care is needed in advanced COPD, and that formal psychometric testing of the CRQ may be warranted in cancer.Trial registration numberNCT00678405.
Pharmacodynamic monitoring of (immuno)proteasome inhibition during bortezomib treatment of a critically ill patient with lupus nephritis and myocarditis
Authors: de Groot Karina A , Tsang a Sjoe Michel , Niewerth Denise , Cloos Jacqueline , Blank Jonathan L , Niessen Hans W M , Zweegman Sonja , Voskuyl Alexandre E , Jansen Gerrit , van der Heijden Joost W 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo describe the pharmacodynamic monitoring of (immuno)proteasome inhibition following treatment with bortezomib in a therapy-refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient with life-threatening myocarditis and lupus nephritis.Patient and methodsInhibition of catalytic activities of the proteasome subunits β5 (constitutive proteasome), β5i and β1i (immunoproteasome) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using subunit-specific fluorogenic peptide substrates in a patient who received three cycles of bortezomib (1.3 mg/m2subcutaneously, days 1, 4, 8 and 11; every three weeks) along with plasma exchange during the first two cycles.ResultsProteasome β5, β5i and β1i subunit activities were readily inhibited 1 h after bortezomib administration. Twenty-four hours post-bortezomib administration, β5 and β5i activities were largely restored, whereas inhibition of β1i activity was sustained. Clinically, after three cycles, cardiac function had improved, with concurrent improvement of haemodynamic stability during haemodialysis. Anti-ds-DNA dropped from >400 to 12 IU/mL along with normalisation of complement C3 and C4. Bortezomib therapy was well tolerated, and patient now has a sustained remission for >16 months.ConclusionsThis case illustrates the potential benefit of pharmacodynamic monitoring of (immune)proteasome subunit-specific activity after bortezomib dosing in patients with therapy refractory SLE. This tool may hold potential to guide personalised/precision dosing aiming to achieve maximal efficacy and minimal toxicity.
Distinguishing between eogenetic, unconformity-related and mesogenetic dissolution: a case study from the Panna and Mukta fields, offshore Mumbai, India
Authors: Barnett A. J. , Wright V. P. , Chandra V. S. , Jain V. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The Panna–Mukta fields host hydrocarbons in the Bassein Formation Eocene–Oligocene ramp limestones. The pore system is almost wholly secondary, comprising microporosity, mouldic porosity, vugs, solution-enlarged stylolites and fractures. Although petrographical evidence points to dissolution after extensive late cementation, the presence of a high permeability layer close to a palaeokarstic surface at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary has raised the possibility that this secondary porosity could be related to subaerial exposure. However, the Panna–Mukta reservoirs show a strong correlation between secondary matrix porosity and stylolite density measured from cores. Stylolites only developed in ‘clean’ limestones lacking argillaceous material, whereas more argillaceous limestones in the succession are characterized by dissolution seams and have poor reservoir quality. These cleaner limestones occur preferentially below the Eocene–Oligocene boundary, representing an upwards-shallowing sequence, whereas the argillaceous limestones occur further below the Eocene–Oligocene boundary in the lower part of the same shallowing-upwards sequence and in the transgressive limestones at the base of the Bassein A. This secondary porosity distribution suggests movement of corrosive fluids along pre-existing stylolites. Despite an apparent link between porosity distribution and an unconformity, secondary porosity development was mesogenetic and related to the distribution of facies that favoured stylolites that acted as conduits for the flow of corrosive fluids. The Bassein Formation reservoirs show unequivocal evidence of significant porosity development by mesogenetic dissolution but the exact process or processes by which such porosity creation occurs requires further work.
New Strategies in Bladder Cancer: A Second Coming for Immunotherapy
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Ali , Bivalacqua Trinity J. , Hahn Noah M. , Drake Charles G. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) remains one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide, and platinum-based chemotherapy, which has been the standard-of-care in metastatic bladder cancer, has had limited success in improving outcomes for patients. The recent development and translation of therapeutic strategies aimed at harnessing the immune system have led to durable and prolonged survival for patients with several different cancers, including UBC. In this review, we discuss new findings in bladder cancer immunotherapy, including recent successes with immune checkpoint blockade. We also discuss therapeutic cancer vaccines and highlight several additional immunotherapy modalities in early stages of development. Clin Cancer Res; 22(4); 793–801. ©2015 AACR.
Scientific Significance of Clinically Insignificant FcγRIIIa-V158F Polymorphism
Authors: Cartron Guillaume , Houot Roch , Kohrt Holbrook E. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Kenkre and colleagues report the absence of correlation between FcγRIIIa-V158F polymorphism and rituximab response in follicular lymphoma patients, a result which is in contrast with prior studies. This discrepancy recalls that many other factors (from the host and from the tumor) may influence the efficacy of rituximab in vivo. Clin Cancer Res; 22(4); 787–9. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Kenkre et al., p. 821