bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of omalizumab therapy on medication requirements for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Chandra Rakesh K. , Clavenna Matthew , Samuelson Madeleine , Tanner S. Bobo , Turner Justin H. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundOmalizumab is indicated for treatment of patients with moderate to severe allergic asthma. Previous studies have shown 70% of these patients also have chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The present series examines the impact of omalizumab on medication use for CRS in a cohort of asthmatic CRS patients who received this therapy.MethodsThe sample included 25 patients with adequate prescription data preinitiation and postinitiation of therapy. Data was available for a full 12 months both preinitiation and postinitiation of therapy in 20 of 25 patients and for 4 to 8 months in the remaining 5 of 25. Average antibiotic use (# of unique prescriptions per month) and systemic steroid dose (mg/month) were tabulated for each patient and compared before and after initiation of therapy.ResultsMean antibiotic prescriptions/month decreased by 37%, and this was statistically significant (p = 0.013). Antibiotic use decreased in 15 of 25 (60%), was the same in 7 of 25 (28%), and increased in 3 of 25 (12%) patients. Chronic steroid administration was required in 19 of 25 patients, and dosing was highly variable. Mean monthly steroid dose decreased substantially in 8 of 19 (42%) patients, with reduction ranging from 40% to 100% from pretreatment levels. A modest decrease of 17% to 30% was observed in 4 of 19 (21%) patients. Steroid use was essentially unchanged in 4 of 19 (21%), but dramatically increased (71% to 366% above pretreatment dose) in 3 of 19 (15%) patients.ConclusionOmalizumab therapy is associated with a decrease in overall antibiotic use for CRS. A subset of patients also experience significant reduction in steroid dependence. Further study is necessary to determine factors predictive of response.
CD147 overexpression promotes tumorigenicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Yong Yu‐Le , Liao Cheng‐Gong , Wei Ding , Chen Zhi‐Nan , Bian Huijie 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCD147 overexpresses in many epithelium‐originated tumors and plays an important role in tumor migration and invasion. Most studies aim at the role of CD147 in tumor progression using tumor cell models. However, the influence of abnormal overexpression of CD147 on neoplastic transformation of normal cells is unknown. Here, the role of CD147 in malignant phenotype transformation in CHO cells was investigated. Three CHO cell lines that stably overexpressed CD147 (CHO‐CD147), EGFP‐CD147 (CHO‐EGFP‐CD147), and EGFP (CHO‐EGFP) were generated by transfection of plasmids containing human CD147, EGFP‐human CD147, and EGFP genes into CHO cells. Cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing and transwell matrix penetration assay. Trypan blue exclusion, MTT, cell cycle analysis, and BrdU cell proliferation assay were used to detect cell viability and cell proliferation. Annexin V‐FITC analysis was performed to detect apoptosis. We found that CD147 overexpression promoted the migration and invasion of CHO cells. CD147 accelerated the G1 to S phase transition and enhanced the CHO cell proliferation. Overexpression of CD147 inhibited both early‐ and late‐stages of apoptosis of CHO‐CD147 cells, which is caused by serum deprivation. CHO‐EGFP‐CD147 cells showed an increased anchorage‐independent growth compared with CHO‐EGFP cells as detected by soft‐agar colony formation assay. The tumors formed by CHO‐CD147 cells in nude mice were larger and coupled with higher expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki‐67 than that of CHO cells. In conclusion, human CD147 overexpression induces malignant phenotype in CHO cells.
Advances in the Design of Nanostructured Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation
Authors: Vilé Gianvito , Albani Davide , Almora‐Barrios Neyvis , López Núria , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSelective hydrogenations lay at the heart of many industrial processes. The archetypal catalysts for this class of reactions are generally prepared by ‘metal poisoning’ strategies: the active metal is protected and selectively deactivated with various compounds. This approach has been applied for decades, with limited understanding. Low product selectivity and presence of toxic elements in the catalyst pose severe constraints in the utilization of these materials in the future. Thus, to develop more sustainable catalysts, this field has recently gained momentum. This Review analyzes the concepts and frontiers that have been developed in the last decade: from nanostructuring less conventional metals in order to improve their ability to activate H2, to the use of oxides as active phases, from alloying, to the ensemble control in hybrid materials, and site isolation approaches in single‐site heterogeneous catalysts. Particular attention is given to the hydrogenation of alkynes and nitroarenes, two reactions at the core of the chemical industry, importantly applied in the manufacture of polymers, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and agrochemicals. The strategies here identified can be transposed to other relevant hydrogenations and can guide in the design of more advanced materials.
An unusual mural paintings at the charola of the convent of tomar: Red lakes and organic binders
Authors: Manhita Ana , Martins Sérgio , Dias Cristina Barrocas , Cardoso Ana , Candeias António , Gil Milene 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis work presents the results of the analysis of the organic materials (red lakes and binders) from the flesh tones, wings, and vests of the angels from the mural paintings from the Charola of the Convent of Tomar. Pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS) was selected for the identification of binders, and liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and MS detection (LC/DAD/MS) was used for the identification of lakes in the red paint layers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 258–262, 2016
Efficient integration of online model checking into a small‐footprint real‐time operating system
Authors: Sudhakar Krishna , Zhao Yuhong , Rammig Franz‐Josef 
Published: December 2015

SummaryFor highly safety‐critical applications, rigorous offline verification should be complemented by online verification. One promising technique is Online Model Checking (OMC). The basic approaches on how to design and implement OMC have been discussed in a couple of papers. As OMC is a run‐time‐provided service, it seems to be natural providing it by an operating system (OS) service like any other service offered by the OS. In this paper, we study the feasibility of this approach, that is, whether OMC can be integrated efficiently into an OS. As we are dealing with real‐time systems, the OS in our case is a real‐time operating system (RTOS). This study makes use of a specific OMC system, implemented in our group. We also have implemented a highly efficient RTOS with an extremely small footprint, called ORCOS (Organic ReConfigurable Operating System). Therefore, we use ORCOS as an example RTOS to investigate the feasibility of integrating OMC as an RTOS service. The correctness of the RTOS is not subject to be verified in this case; it is just the service provider. In order to ease understanding the approach, the paper contains a brief introduction into the fundamental concepts of OMC and the way to provide it as an integrated RTOS service. Additionally, basic principles of ORCOS are presented. Based on these foundations, we discuss various integration methods. OMC may become an integral part of the RTOS; it may become a separate task running on the same host as the RTOS, or it may be implemented on a remote host as a kind of service‐oriented architecture. In all three cases, OMC runs concurrently to the application task to be online model checked. We argue that the second approach turns out to be the most appropriate one. It is well suited to state‐of‐the‐art hypervisor‐based mixed criticality architectures, running on a multi‐core hardware platform. In addition, the service‐oriented architecture is discussed as well, however only marginally. To test the feasibility of the approach, an analytical investigation of the implied overhead is carried out. This investigation is complemented by experiments based on a prototype implementation. The promising results obtained by these two studies then are further underpinned by a realistic case study. We use the resolution advisory component of traffic alert and collision avoidance system for this purpose. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building a Better Halide Receptor: Optimum Choice of Spacer, Binding Unit, and Halosubstitution
Authors: Nepal Binod , Scheiner Steve 
Published: December 2015

AbstractQuantum calculations are used to measure the binding of halides to a number of bipodal dicationic receptors, constructed as a pair of binding units separated by a spacer group. A number of variations are studied. A H atom on each binding unit (imidazolium or triazolium) is replaced by Br or I. Benzene, thiophene, carbazole, and dimethylnaphthalene are considered as spacer groups. Each receptor is paired with halides F−, Cl−, Br−, and I−. Substitution with I on the binding unit yields a large enhancement of binding, as much as 13 orders of magnitude; a much smaller increase occurs for substitution with Br. Imidazolium is a more effective binding agent than is triazolium. Benzene and dimethylnaphthalene represent the best spacers, followed by thiophene and carbazole. F− binds much more strongly than do the other halides, which obey the order Cl−>Br−>I−.
A sampling optimization analysis of soil‐bugs diversity (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea)
Authors: Messina Giuseppina , Cazzolla Gatti Roberto , Droutsa Angeliki , Barchitta Martina , Pezzino Elisa , Agodi Antonella , Lombardo Bianca Maria 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBiological diversity analysis is among the most informative approaches to describe communities and regional species compositions. Soil ecosystems include large numbers of invertebrates, among which soil bugs (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) play significant ecological roles. The aim of this study was to provide advices to optimize the sampling effort, to efficiently monitor the diversity of this taxon, to analyze its seasonal patterns of species composition, and ultimately to understand better the coexistence of so many species over a relatively small area. Terrestrial isopods were collected at the Natural Reserve “Saline di Trapani e Paceco” (Italy), using pitfall traps monthly monitored over 2 years. We analyzed parameters of α‐ and β‐diversity and calculated a number of indexes and measures to disentangle diversity patterns. We also used various approaches to analyze changes in biodiversity over time, such as distributions of species abundances and accumulation and rarefaction curves. As concerns species richness and total abundance of individuals, spring resulted the best season to monitor Isopoda, to reduce sampling efforts, and to save resources without losing information, while in both years abundances were maximum between summer and autumn. This suggests that evaluations of β‐diversity are maximized if samples are first collected during the spring and then between summer and autumn. Sampling during these coupled seasons allows to collect a number of species close to the γ‐diversity (24 species) of the area. Finally, our results show that seasonal shifts in community composition (i.e., dynamic fluctuations in species abundances during the four seasons) may minimize competitive interactions, contribute to stabilize total abundances, and allow the coexistence of phylogenetically close species within the ecosystem.
Effect of training frequency on the learning curve on the da Vinci Skills Simulator
Authors: Walliczek Ute , Förtsch Arne , Dworschak Philipp , Teymoortash Afshin , Mandapathil Magis , Werner Jochen , Güldner Christian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of training on the performance outcome with the da Vinci Skills Simulator.MethodsForty novices were enrolled in a prospective training curriculum. Participants were separated into 2 groups. Group 1 performed 4 training sessions and group 2 had 2 training sessions over a 4‐week period. Five exercises were performed 3 times consecutively. On the last training day, a new exercise was added.ResultsA significant skills gain from the first to the final practice day in overall performance, time to complete, and economy of motion was seen for both groups. Group 1 had a significantly better outcome in overall performance, time to complete, and economy of motion in all exercises. There was no significant difference found regarding the new exercise in group 1 versus group 2 in nearly all parameters.ConclusionLonger time distances between training sessions are assumed to play a secondary role, whereas total repetition frequency is crucial for improvement of technical performance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1762–E1769, 2016
Prognostic impact of lymph node micrometastasis in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Cho Jung‐Hae , Lee Youn‐Soo , Sun Dong‐Il , Kim Min‐Sik , Cho Kwang‐Jae , Nam In‐Chul , Kim Choung‐Soo , Kim Sang‐Yeon , Park Young‐Hak , Joo Young‐Hoon 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the role of lymph node micrometastasis in oral and oropharyngeal cancers.MethodsWe investigated the presence of micrometastases by cytokeratin immunohistochemical staining in 54 patients with node‐negative oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas.ResultsThe positive rate of cytokeratin expression was 13.0% (7 of 54 patients). The incidence of micrometastasis was significantly higher in patients with more invasive tumors (p < .001) and larger tumor size (p = .034). The 5‐year disease‐specific (DS) survival rate significantly correlated with micrometastasis, margin involvement, and depth of invasion in the univariate analyses. Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed a significant association between the 5‐year DS survival rate and micrometastasis (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–57.14; p = .041) and margin involvement (HR = 11.68; 95% CI = 1.22–111.75; p = .033).ConclusionMicrometastasis was significantly correlated with the depth of invasion and tumor size in oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Furthermore, micrometastasis was associated with adverse outcomes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1777–E1782, 2016
A method to detect and characterize sub‐daily flow fluctuations
Authors: Greimel Franz , Zeiringer Bernhard , Höller Norbert , Grün Bettina , Godina Reinhold , Schmutz Stefan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHydro peaking causes an important environmental impact on running water ecosystems. Many affected rivers have a poor ecological status. In rivers affected by hydro peaking, the flow conditions are highly complex and difficult to grasp. To develop a general framework for detecting and characterizing sub‐daily flow fluctuations, we analysed more than 500 Austrian hydrographs, covering the whole range from unimpacted to heavily impacted rivers. Different fluctuation types could be identified according to the potential source: e.g. sub‐daily flow fluctuations caused by hydro peaking, rainfall or snow and glacier melt. Additionally, the term ‘hydro fibrillation’ was established, to indicate frequently occurring artificial fluctuations with comparably low intensities. An automatic procedure was used to detect frequency and intensity of each flow fluctuation. Using variables based on duration curves of flow fluctuation rates (ramping rates), amplitudes, flow ratios, durations and daily numbers of fluctuations, a predictive model (linear discriminant analysis) was fitted to classify hydrographs into predominant fluctuation regimes. This is the basis for a detailed investigation of present sub‐daily flow regimes and to analyse the differences between the regimes. Based on the results, we finally propose a general framework that enables a standardized assessment of flow fluctuations regarding event intensities and/or event timing. The proposed framework offers a standardized selection of particular flow fluctuations referring to increase and decrease events separately. The selection of specific flow fluctuations can be defined with respect to several research questions (e.g. ecologically relevant fluctuations), which offers a wide range of applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bacampicillin Hydrochloride: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Clinical Use
Authors: Scheife Richard T. , Neu Harold C. 
Published: December 2015

Bacampicillin hydrochloride is an orally administered ester of ampicillin that is rapidly and completely hydrolyzed in vivo to ampicillin. The most notable advantage of bacampicillin over ampicillin is its superior bioavailability — bacampicillin achieves significantly higher blood and tissue levels and attains peak blood levels more rapidly than equimolar doses of oral ampicillin. In addition, the percentage of an oral dose of ampicillin that is absorbed decreases sharply as the size of the dose is increased from 500 mg to 2 g; this phenomenon is not observed with equipotent doses of bacampicillin. The enhanced absorption of bacampicillin in the upper gastrointestinal tract results in a frequency of diarrhea that appears to be markedly lower than that of ampicillin and similar to that observed with amoxicillin. Apart from the sizable differences between bacampicillin and ampicillin with regard to oral absorption, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic profiles of these two agents are essentially identical.Twice daily dosing (pulse dosing) with bacampicillin has been shown in numerous clinical trials to be of equivalent efficacy to ampicillin given four times daily or amoxicillin given three times daily in the treatment of infections of the upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, skin and soft tissues, and urinary tract. The unanswered question is whether twice daily ampicillin or amoxicillin would yield similar results.
Evaluation of Alprostadil (Prostaglandin E1) in the Management of Congenital Heart Disease in Infancy
Authors: Heymann Michael A. , Clyman Ronald I. 
Published: December 2015

Prostaglandins have been shown to relax the smooth muscle of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus in utero. This physiologic action has been applied to the management of newborn infants with certain types of congenital malformations. Infants with lesions producing right ventricular outflow obstruction have a compromised pulmonary circulation and require a patent ductus arteriosus for adequate pulmonary blood flow. Infusion of alprostadil (PGE1) dilates the ductus, increases pulmonary blood flow, and thereby improves oxygenation. Likewise, infants with aortic arch interruption or coarctation of the aorta are dependent on an open ductus to maintain lower body perfusion. Alprostadil is of great benefit in this situation as well.The side effects of alprostadil include peripheral vasodilation and hypotension and, most importantly, apnea. Hyperpyrexia and jitteriness may also occur. Side effects occur only in about 20% of infants and usually are easily reversed. The benefits therefore greatly outweigh the risks, but careful monitoring is essential. (Pharmacotherapy 1982; 2:148–155)
Estrogen Synthesis by Immature Rat Sertoli CellsIn Vitro
Authors: SUÆREZ‐QUIAN CARLOS A. , DYM MARTIN , MAKRIS ANASTASIA , BRUMBAUGH JOANNE , RYAN KENNETH J. , CANICK JACOB A. 
Published: December 2015

Past research has implicated both the Leydig and Sertoli cells as sources of testicular estrogens. To study this issue further, we investigated the ability of Sertoli cells isolated from the testes of immature (10‐day‐old) rats to synthesize estrogens in response to FSH in vitro. The aromatase activity of Sertoli cells was examined by comparing simultaneously two different methods: 1. the conversion of 19‐(6,7‐3H)‐hydroxyandrostenedione to (3H)estrone and (3H)estradiol, measured by silica gel thin layer chromatography; and 2. the conversion of unlabeled 19‐hydroxyandrostenedione to total estrogen (El + E2), measured by RIA.Sertoli cells, cultured in the presence of substrate, exhibited aromatase activity in response to FSH. Values obtained for total estrogen synthesis, measured by direct tracer methodology, at FSH dosages of 0.5 μg/ml and 1.0 μg/ml, during a 24‐hour period of incubation, were 620 pg/mg and 580 pg/mg, respectively; and after a 48‐hour incubation, values obtained were 570 pg/ml and 560 pg/mg, respectively. When measured by RIA, similar results were obtained for estrogen synthesis at identical FSH dosages and times of incubation. A dose response of FSH‐stimulated aromatization was also obtained by RIA. Neither control nor LH‐treated cells, however, in the presence of substrate, produced detectable levels of labeled or immunoassayable estrogens.Aromatase activity was also studied in the presence of a cold estrogen trap and measured by direct tracer methodology. In this case, estrogen synthesis was more than doubled. These data may suggest the further metabolism of estrogen by Sertoli cells. Finally, our results are discussed with respect to the role of the immature Sertoli cell in the synthesis of testicular estrogens.
Mortality After Atypical Femoral Fractures: A Cohort Study
Authors: Kharazmi Mohammad , Hallberg Pär , Schilcher Jörg , Aspenberg Per , Michaëlsson Karl 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Although osteoporotic fracture rates can be reduced by bisphosphonates, prolonged therapy is associated with higher risk of atypical femoral fractures. Ordinary fragility fractures are linked to high mortality rates. We aimed to determine whether atypical femoral fractures also confer excess mortality. Radiographs were reviewed for all patients aged ≥55 years who had experienced a subtrochanteric or femoral shaft fracture in Sweden in 2008 to 2010. The fractures were classified as either atypical or ordinary. Data on medication use, coexisting conditions, and date of death were obtained from national registers. We estimated multivariable-adjusted relative risks of death after atypical femoral fractures compared with ordinary subtrochanteric or femoral shaft fractures and calculated age- and sex-standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for atypical and ordinary fractures compared with the population average. During a mean of 4 years of follow-up, 39 of 172 (23%) patients with an atypical fracture had died compared with 588 of 952 (62%) with an ordinary fracture, corresponding to a relative risk of 0.51 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–0.68). The lower risk was evident in both users and nonusers of bisphosphonates. No patient with atypical fracture died in the first year after fracture. Individuals with an ordinary fracture had a higher mortality risk than the general population (SMR = 1.82; 95% CI 1.69–1.99), but no excess risk was found in patients with atypical fracture (SMR = 0.92; 95% CI 0.65–1.26). We conclude that in contrast to ordinary subtrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures, atypical femoral fractures are not associated with excess mortality. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.