bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Business incubators as support mechanisms for the economic development: Case of Maringá's Technology Incubator
Authors: Mansano Fernanda Helen , Pereira Marcelo Farid 
Published: April 2016

In an environment where competition is increasingly fierce, it is essential to create an innovation system, that ranges from basic research to the transfer of developments for the companies and the whole society. To verify this process, the most of the works are using the record number of patents as a proxy, given the difficulty of measuring new products, services and process for the market. Based in incubators of technology-based enterprises, in this article this problem was overcome, by measuring their products, services and processes. Thus, we developed this work with the main objective to assess whether there is interaction between the resident enterprises in technological incubator of Maringá, external companies and university. The methodology includes a literature review on the subject, the development of variables related to incubator´s characteristics, the application of a questionnaire to the companies linked to Technological Incubator of Maringá, in order to verify the new products, services and process related to research that hit the market. The results point indicates the need for facilitating the process of innovation and interaction with university and industry by developed innovations.
A Cooperative Approach to Academic Entrepreneurial Initiatives
Authors: Zheng Ping , Callaghan Victor 
Published: April 2016

In this article we introduce a novel entrepreneurial model, the “Faculty Cooperative”, an eco-system for creating and managing academic entrepreneurial initiatives. The goal of this model is to promote academic entrepreneurism, by providing a guiding concept and tools that overcome the lack of alignment between individual academic attributes and faculty efforts in driving academic spin-out companies. Through an empirical inquiry based on an academic spin-out company in a UK university context, we have explored the key activities, actors, organisational processes and outcomes related to the formation and development stages of the academic entrepreneurship process. The empirical evidence reveals that the key principles embodied by the “Faculty Cooperative Model” namely, openness, freedom and collective shareholding, are likely to promote the entrepreneurial culture within a university context. The paper argues for the importance of developing entrepreneurial culture in conventional research focused universities, which not only improves the traditional values of teaching and research, but also enhances the dynamic capabilities of universities in a global marketplace. It is suggested that the entrepreneurial ideal is not contradictory to the conventional university missions, rather it is complementary.
Archivage électronique et analyse de risque : les nouveaux défis de l’archiviste
Authors: Belin Antony , Rietsch Jean-Marc 
Published: April 2016

L’ère du numérique a causé de profondes transformations à la discipline archivistique. De nouveaux enjeux font ainsi surface. C’est notamment le cas de la notion de risque, qui doit invariablement être prise en compte lors de la définition des besoins dans un organisme.
Dans leur article, Belin et Rietsch font d’abord référence à l’évolution du numérique. Depuis quinze ans, l’arrivée du numérique apporte, certes, beaucoup d’avantages au travail des archivistes, mais aussi tout un lot de nouvelles problématiques. En effet, réussir à assurer l’intégrité d’un document numérique, sa provenance, sa confidentialité, son accès ou sa préservation à long terme, sont tous des défis qui nous rappellent que cette nouvelle ère est parfois fondée sur des mécanismes de fonctionnement complexes et exigeant des coûts monétaires importants.
La seconde partie de l’article est dédiée à la présentation d’un cas concret : le succès de la mise en place d’un système d’archivage électronique (SAE) régional mutualisé au sein du syndicat mixte de coopération territoriale Mégalis Bretagne, en France. Le succès de cette opération repose principalement sur l’aspect de mutualisation des moyens, c’est-à-dire la mise commun d’un système détenant plusieurs infrastructures techniques. Ce type de système permet d’assurer l’optimisation des ressources disponibles et les risques sont ainsi partagés. Une politique d’archivage bien réfléchie est absolument nécessaire avant la mise en place d’un tel système. L’exemple du système de Mégalis Bretagne illustre bien l’association d’un projet d’archivage numérique et l’analyse du risque.
Structural drivers and social protection: mechanisms of HIV risk and HIV prevention for South African adolescents
Authors: Cluver Lucie Dale , Orkin Frederick Mark , Meinck Franziska , Boyes Mark Edward , Sherr Lorraine 
Published: April 2016

IntroductionSocial protection is high on the HIV‐prevention agenda for youth in sub‐Saharan Africa. However, questions remain: How do unconditional cash transfers work? What is the effect of augmenting cash provision with social care? And can “cash plus care” social protection reduce risks for adolescents most vulnerable to infection? This study tackles these questions by first identifying mediated pathways to adolescent HIV risks and then examining potential main and moderating effects of social protection in South Africa.MethodsThis study was a prospective observational study of 3515 10‐to‐17‐year‐olds (56.7% female; 96.8% one‐year retention). Within randomly selected census areas in four rural and urban districts in two South African provinces, all homes with a resident adolescent were sampled between 2009/2010 and 2011/2012. Measures included 1) potential structural drivers of HIV infection such as poverty and community violence; 2) HIV risk behaviours; 3) hypothesized psychosocial mediating factors; and 4) types of social protection involving cash and care. Using gender‐disaggregated analyses, longitudinal mediation models were tested for potential main and moderating effects of social protection.ResultsStructural drivers were associated with increased onset of adolescent HIV risk behaviour (p<0.001, B=0.06, SE=0.01), fully mediated by increased psychosocial problems. Both cash and care aspects of social protection were associated with reductions in HIV risk behaviour and psychosocial deprivations. In addition, cash social protection moderated risk pathways: for adolescent girls and boys experiencing more acute structural deprivation, social protection had the greatest associations with HIV risk prevention (e.g. moderation effects for girls: B=−0.08, p<0.002 between structural deprivation and psychosocial problems, and B=−0.07, p<0.001 between psychosocial problems and HIV risk behaviour).ConclusionsAdolescents with the greatest structural deprivation are at higher risk of HIV, but social protection has the greatest prevention effects for the most vulnerable. Social protection comprising unconditional cash plus care was associated with reduced risk pathways through moderation and main effects, respectively. Our findings suggest the importance of social protection within a combination package of HIV‐prevention approaches.
GaN-based vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with periodic gain structures
Authors: Matsui Kenjo , Kozuka Yugo , Ikeyama Kazuki , Horikawa Kosuke , Furuta Takashi , Akagi Takanobu , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Iwaya Motoaki , Akasaki Isamu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We have achieved room-temperature CW operations of GaN-based vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) with periodic gain structures (PGSs). The PGS-VCSEL consisted of 4.5λ-thick optical cavity length and two GaInN 5-quantum-well (QW) active regions separated with a Mg-doped GaN intermediate layer. The uniform carrier injection into the two active regions was also investigated using light-emitting diodes (LEDs). It is found that the use of an optimum Mg concentration in the intermediate layers improves the uniform carrier injection in the two active regions. From these results, we realized the CW operation of VCSELs with PGSs grown on AlInN/GaN distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). The VCSEL under CW operation showed a threshold current density of 16.5 kA/cm2 and its operation wavelength was 409.9 nm.
A produção de software por enfermeiros para utilização na assistência ao paciente Software production by nurses for use in patient care
Authors: Di Carlantonio Lucilia Feliciano Marques , Freitas Luiz Célio Martins , Fontes Débora Matos de Azevedo , Silva Cristiana Fialho Braz da , Santiago Luiz Carlos 
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica referente às estratégias utilizadas para produção de software por enfermeiros para a aplicação na assistência ao paciente, através de uma revisão da literatura publicada entre 1985 e 2013 e sintetizar os achados. Método: Revisão integrativa, busca de artigos ocorreu de forma online, em língua inglesa, portuguesa e espanhola. Nas bases de dados, LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE, IBECS, WEB OF SCIENCE e SCOPUS, onde os descritores foram aplicados individualmente e posteriormente cruzados, por fim aplicados os filtros de idioma e período, delimitando a busca. Resultados: Constatou-se que a maioria dos softwares produzidos por enfermeiros foi direcionada à área educacional. Foram encontrados apenas dezessete estudos sobre o tema em questão, dos quais 52% apresentaram força de impacto elevada. Conclusão: Nesta era de tecnologia, esta produção ainda pode ser considerada muito pequena. Descritores: Software, Informática em Enfermagem, Informática em Saúde, Tecnologia.
Humanização do cuidado nas unidades de terapia intensiva: revisão integrativa Humanization care in intensive care units: integrative review
Authors: Reis Camila Calhau Andrade , Sena Edite Lago da Silva , Fernandes Marcos Henrique 
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: Identificar o que a literatura científica nacional tem abordado acerca da humanização do cuidado nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva em bases de dados online no período de 2009 a 2013. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada através do acesso às bases: LILACS e BDENF, utilizando os descritores “humanização da assistência” e “Unidades de Terapia Intensiva”. Resultados: Seis estudos foram selecionados. Os resultados evidenciaram que a humanização no cuidado contribui de maneira significativa na recuperação do paciente em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Entretanto, há dificuldades de efetivação a serem superadas, sobretudo, relacionadas a questões do paciente e seus familiares, da equipe de enfermagem e das instituições de saúde. Conclusão: Há necessidade de capacitação e sensibilização dos profissionais, incremento de investimentos na formação, gestão institucional e do cuidado para melhorias na assistência ao paciente crítico. Descritores: Humanização da assistência; unidades de terapia intensiva; assistência à saúde.
Evidências para o cuidado de Enfermagem na avaliação do Risco Coronariano em Pacientes Hospitalizados Evidence for nursing care in the evaluation of coronary risk in hospitalized patients
Authors: Rosa Randson Souza , Macedo Darlyane Antunes , De Oliveira Bruno Gonçalves , Bomfim Eliane dos Santos , Casotti Cezar Augusto , Prado Ivanete Fernandes do 
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: discutir as evidências científicas sobre risco coronariano em pacientes hospitalizados de desenvolver um infarto agudo do miocardio nos próximos dez anos. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo de corte transversal. A amostra foi constituída por 42 pacientes hospitalizados. Os dados foram coletados no período de maio a junho de 2013. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (protocolo 266.907). Resultados: foi verificado que 42,5% dos hospitalizados apresentam um alto risco para desenvolver infarto agudo do miocárdio nos próximos 10 anos. Conclusão: observou-se que existem pacientes hospitalizados com idade avançada que apresentam risco coronariano. Assim, sugere-se que a equipe de enfermagem promova a implantação de cuidados direcionados aos pacientes crônicos potencialmente vulneráveis ao infarto agudo do miocárdio. Descritores: Risco Coronariano. Fatores de Risco. Cuidados de Enfermagem.
Wind‐induced variability of estuarine circulation in a tidally energetic inlet with curvature
Authors: Purkiani Kaveh , Becherer Johannes , Klingbeil Knut , Burchard Hans 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn numerous studies, the functioning of estuarine circulation has been investigated, under idealized conditions, by means of numerical models. This has led to a deep understanding of the theory of estuarine residual flows. However, the question as to how estuarine circulation is established in real estuaries, in response to their topographical and forcing characteristics, remains. The present study uses a highly accurate three‐dimensional numerical model simulation to calculate estuarine circulation in a curved, tidally energetic channel of the Wadden Sea in the southeastern North Sea. The specific momentum balance of this curved inlet shows an approximate pressure‐gradient—frictional balance in the longitudinal direction and a pressure gradient—centrifugal balance in the lateral direction. A local Wedderburn number is introduced to quantify the varying contributions of wind stress and gravitational forcing on estuarine circulation. A total exchange flow (TEF) analysis is combined with an analysis of the intensity of the vertical overturning circulation to understand the dynamics of estuarine exchange in this inlet. The results show how established forcing mechanisms of residual circulation, such as horizontal buoyancy gradients and wind stress, act in a combined way. In general, the strength of estuarine circulation is always positively correlated with wind stress, with frequent reversals of residual flow for wind stress directed toward higher buoyancy. Only during calm weather conditions are longitudinal and lateral estuarine circulation highly correlated with the respective buoyancy gradients.
Natural Killer (NK) Cells
Authors: Sojka Dorothy K , Piersma Sytse J , Yokoyama Wayne M 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells belong to the innate immune system. They are a heterogeneous population of lymphocytes found in the spleen and circulating in the blood, but there are also noncirculating tissue‐resident NK cells in certain organs. NK cells were first discovered because they can kill tumour cells. However, it is less well appreciated that they are also critical in the host defence against infections, particularly against viruses, and help orchestrate a productive immune response involving not only innate immunity but also adaptive immunity. To perform these functions, they express (1) a variety of cell surface receptors to recognise their cellular targets and activate (or not) target killing and cytokine production and (2) cytokine receptors that also stimulate secretion of other cytokines.Key ConceptsNK cells are innate lymphocytes that can kill tumour and infected cells and produce cytokines.NK‐cell killing is guided by the ‘missing‐self’ hypothesis whereby target cells expressing normal surface levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are spared, whereas target cells with decreased levels of MHC class I (missing‐self) are killed.NK‐cell killing is due to the balance and integration of signals from NK‐cell inhibitory receptors for target cell MHC class I molecules and activation receptors that recognise ligands expressed on target cells.Mouse and human NK‐cell receptors for MHC class I molecules belong to two different structural types, as an outstanding example of convergent evolution.NK cells are related to innate lymphoid cells (ILCs).Several organs contain noncirculating tissue‐resident NK cells and conventional NK cells that represent circulating NK cells found in blood and spleen.
Ecology of Mutualisms
Authors: Guimarães Paulo R , Pires Mathias M , Marquitti Flavia MD , Raimundo Rafael LG 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMutualisms are interactions among individuals of different species that benefit both sides and encompass a wide diversity of interspecific exchanges of resources or services. The effects of mutualisms pervade multiple levels of biological organisation. At the individual level, mutualisms provide fitness benefits for interacting partners, creating novel metabolic pathways and providing dispersal services, trophic rewards or defence against natural enemies. At the population level, the positive effects of mutualisms have the potential to increase population densities above the limits imposed by resource availability. At the community level, mutualisms form networks of interacting species that impact the persistence of local populations as well as their evolutionary and ecological dynamics. The broader implications of mutualisms to biodiversity are illustrated by the fact that mutualistic interactions are the backbone of species‐rich ecological communities, such as tropical rainforests and coral reefs, and by how mutualisms fueled the spreading of humankind around the world.Key ConceptsMutualisms are ecological interactions among individuals of different species that result in positive net benefits for both sides.Individuals of most species are involved in mutualistic interactions.The natural history of mutualisms is highly diverse, ranging from short‐term associations among partners to interactions in which individuals are biologically attached for most of their lives.Some mutualisms are symbiotic, that is, individuals show tight biological integration, but symbiosis and mutualisms are not synonyms.All animals, plants and fungi are built on mutualisms between eukaryote cells and intracellular symbionts that have became organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.Mutualisms have the potential to create positive feedbacks leading to large population densities, but these effects are offset by other ecological interactions, such as competition and predation, and also by the costs of mutualisms.Reciprocal specialisation is rare in species‐rich mutualisms.At the community level, mutualisms form multispecies ecological networks that show recurrent structural patterns.A variety of structural patterns observed in mutualistic networks have disparate effects on system dynamics, which can affect the long‐term persistence of species and communities.The most diverse ecosystems on Earth are shaped by mutualistic interactions.
Prefoldins
Authors: Chávez Sebastián , Puerto‐Camacho Pilar 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Accurate folding is essential for the proper function of proteins. Prefoldin is one of the chaperoning factors that contribute to protein folding in archaea and eukaryotes. Although it still has maintained its heterohexameric jellyfish‐like structure, it has undergone a progressive diversification throughout evolution, which has ended up with the appearance of the prefoldin‐like complex. This evolutionary change parallels an increasing specificity for substrate recognition, from general binding to unfolded polypeptides in archaea to the highly specific recognition of certain substrates in eukaryotes. Prefoldin action on unfolded polypeptides contributes to its solubilisation
in vitro
, but acts mainly
in vivo
as a cochaperone, by transferring nascent polypeptides to class‐II chaperonins. This role of prefoldin is particularly relevant in the assembly of actin filaments and microtubules. In addition to this function, prefoldins also play important roles in the assembly of other multimeric complexes, protein quality control, transcription factors regulation and chromatin dynamics.

Key Concepts

Prefoldins are heterohexameric jellyfish‐like complexes present in archaea and eukaryotes.

Prefoldin acts as a cochaperone and facilitates the supply of unfolded or partially folded substrates to class II chaperonins.

Archaeal prefoldin recognises a wide range of unfolded substrates, whereas eukaryotic prefoldin is highly specific.

The best‐known role of eukaryotic prefoldin is the cotranslational transfer of nascent actin and tubulin monomers to cytoplasmic class‐II chaperonins for proper folding.

Canonical prefoldin also plays functional roles related to gene expression and chromatin dynamics in the nucleus.

The prefoldin‐like complex exists only in eukaryotes and is involved in the assembly of multimeric protein complexes, such as nuclear RNA polymerases and phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase‐related protein kinases like mTOR.
Genetics of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Guillén‐Guío Beatriz , Acosta‐Herrera Marialbert , Villar Jesús , Flores Carlos 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a diffuse lung inflammation leading to an acute hypoxemia, is a complex syndrome induced by a systemic inflammatory response commonly caused by severe infections or trauma. Despite the heterogeneous mechanisms underlying disease causality, genetic risk factors involved in ARDS susceptibility and outcomes are being identified. However, a full characterisation of the genetic architecture of this syndrome remains to be completed. Novel ‘omics’ tools have the promise for recognising ARDS subtypes, which will allow the identification of novel risk factors that will translate into individualised patient management and treatments, potentially leading to better individual prognosis. An important direction for future research is to encourage the use of large and well‐characterised samples, ensure that patients of diverse ancestry are included in genetic studies and establish the clinical utility of risk variants identified for prevention, therapy or risk stratification.

Key Concepts

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a major cause of death in adult intensive care units, with an overall hospital mortality of about 40%.

Clinical trials and animal models indicate that mechanical ventilation using low tidal volumes remains one of the few proven interventions to reduce ARDS mortality.

ARDS is a complex syndrome with a large phenotypic variation.

Association studies have been widely used to find genetic variants involved in ARDS susceptibility and outcome, and several genes have been associated with ARDS, including
IL6
,
IL10
,
VEGFA
,
ACE
,
MBL2
,
IL1RN
and
NAMPT
.
Professional Experience and Referencing Context Explain Variance in Use of Spatial Frames of Reference
Authors: Hüther Lisa , Müller Tanja , Spada Hans 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe location of objects in relation to other objects can be perceived of and communicated in different ways. Assuming that variance in spatial Frame of Reference (FoR) use may be explained by practical professional requirements, we reasoned that medical professionals may increasingly use the intrinsic FoR which because of its observer‐independence is less prone to misunderstandings than relative FoRs. We compared FoR‐use of beginner and advanced medical students (n = 142) to that of law students (n = 191) using 40 ambiguous referencing tasks. We found that medical students applied the intrinsic FoR more frequently than law students in a medical yet not in a generic context. Beginners did not differ from advanced students. Within contexts, individuals were highly consistent in their FoR‐use. Investigation of latencies indicates that processing of the intrinsic FoR becomes easier with practice. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct Decarboxylative Alkynylation of α,α‐Difluoroarylacetic Acids under Transition Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Li Xiang , Li Siyu , Sun Suyan , Yang Fan , Zhu Weiguo , Zhu Yu , Wu Yusheng , Wu Yangjie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAn efficient and generally applicable protocol for decarboxylative coupling of α,α‐difluoroarylacetic acids with ethynylbenziodoxolone (EBX) reagents has been developed, affording α,α‐difluoromethylated alkynes bearing various functional groups in moderate to excellent yields. Remarkably, this potassium persulfate (K2S2O8)‐promoted reaction employs water as solvent under transition metal‐free conditions, thus providing a green synthetic approach to α,α‐difluoromethylated alkynes.magnified image