bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of anthraquinone derivatives in a Sesamum indicum hairy root culture
Authors: Furumoto Toshio , Sato Ryuta 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In order to investigate the intermediacy of 2-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)anthraquinone (MPAQ), a possible intermediate for the biosynthesis of anthraquinone derivatives in sesame (Sesamum indicum), 2H-labeled MPAQ was administered to a hairy root culture of S. indicum. Efficient conversion of fed MPAQ to 2-[(Z)-4-methylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl]anthraquinone ((Z)-MPDEAQ) was observed. Furthermore, administration experiment with 2H-labeled 2-geranyl-1,4-naphthohydroquinone, another possible intermediate, showed that it was converted to MPAQ and (Z)-MPDEAQ. The results clearly demonstrated that these substrates are the actual precursors for the production of (Z)-MPDEAQ. In contrast, neither MPAQ nor 2-geranyl-1,4-naphthohydroquinone was converted to anthrasesamone B and 2,3-epoxyanthrasesamone B, other anthraquinone derivatives in the hairy roots, suggesting that these substrates may not be the common precursors in the biosynthesis of anthraquinone derivatives.
Effect of NO2 and NH3 on the resistive switching behavior of W/Cu
x
O/Cu devices
Authors: Nyenke Chinwe , Dong Lixin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Cu
x
O-based devices were fabricated and investigated for the effect of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ammonia (NH3) on resistive switching behavior. Bottom copper (Cu) electrodes, copper-rich copper oxide (Cu
x
O) switching layers, and top tungsten (W) electrodes were sputtered onto two separate substrates to achieve two sets of memristors. Groups of holes ranging in diameter from 300 nm to 2 µm were wet etched into the top memristor layer to expose the Cu
x
O surface. At room temperatures, one substrate was subjected to 20 ppm of NO2 gas then a second substrate was subjected to 100 ppm of NH3 to measure the effect on memristance. For the first substrate, low and high resistance states demonstrated decreased values while the overall hysteresis gap collapsed after 10 min of exposure to NO2. The second substrate also showed decreases in resistance states but with a widening of the hysteresis gap after exposure to NH3 for 20 min. Recovery of both devices were visible at 25 and 30 min, respectively.
Systemic Angiotensinogen Concentrations Are Independently Associated With Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in a Community Sample
Authors: Millen Aletta M E , Woodiwiss Angela J , Gomes Monica , Michel Frederic , Norton Gavin R 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDLeft ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction characterizes heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. Although it is recognized that the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) decreases LV diastolic function, whether systemic angiotensinogen (AGT) contributes to these effects is uncertain. Hence, the aim was to determine the relationship between systemic AGT concentrations and LV diastolic function.METHODSLV diastolic function was determined from the mean of the lateral and septal wall myocardial tissue lengthening at the mitral annulus (average e’) and from the ratio of early transmitral blood flow velocity (E) to average e’ (E/e’) in 445 Black African participants from a community sample.RESULTSIn multivariate regression models with adjustments for age, sex, waist circumference diabetes mellitus, alcohol and tobacco use, hypertension treatment, systolic blood pressure (BP), and relative wall thickness, the square root of serum AGT concentrations was independently associated with E/e’ (partial r (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 0.11 (0.02–0.21), P = 0.04), but not with average e’ (partial r (95% CI) = −0.06 (−0.15 to 0.04), P = 0.25). There was no association between plasma renin concentrations and markers of diastolic function (all P &gt; 0.05).CONCLUSIONCirculating AGT concentrations are associated with LV diastolic function beyond BP and other confounders in an African population. Hence, through circulating AGT, the systemic RAAS may play an important role in contributing to LV diastolic function in Black Africans.
Evaluation of the High-Frequency Monopolar Stimulation Technique for Mapping and Monitoring the Corticospinal Tract in Patients With Supratentorial Gliomas. A Proposal for Intraoperative Management Based on Neurophysiological Data Analysis in a Series of 92 Patients
Authors: Plans Gerard , Fernández-Conejero Isabel , Rifà-Ros Xavier , Fernández-Coello Alejandro , Rosselló Aleix , Gabarrós Andreu 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Intraoperative identification and preservation of the corticospinal tract is often necessary for glioma resection.

OBJECTIVE
To make a proposal for intraoperative management with the high-frequency monopolar stimulation technique for monitoring the corticospinal tract.

METHODS
Ninety-two patients operated on with the assistance of the high-frequency monopolar stimulation. Clinical and neurophysiological data have been related with the motor status at 3 months to establish prognostic factors of motor deterioration.

RESULTS
Twenty-one patients (22.8%) presented intraoperative alterations in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). Twelve (13%) presented an increment in the MEP threshold ≥5 mA (no deficit at 3 months). Two (2.2%) presented an MEP amplitude reduction >50% (100% deficit at 3 months). Seven (7.6%) had an intraoperative MEP loss (80% deficit at 3 months). Subcortical stimulation was positive in 75 patients (81.5%). Eighty-five patients were available for the analysis at 3 months. Fourteen presented new deficits (16.5%). Among them, 5 presented a deficit in nonmonitored muscles (5.9%) and 1 presented a new deficit not detected intraoperatively. The combination of patients with preoperative motor deficits, MEP deterioration, or loss and intensity of subcortical stimulation ≤3 mA showed the highest sensitivity and specificity in the prediction of new deficits.

CONCLUSIONS
Persistent MEP loss or deterioration is associated with a high probability of new deficits. It seems recommendable to stop the subcortical resection before obtaining a subcortical MEP threshold at 3 mA especially in patients with preoperative motor deficits. A careful selection of muscles for the registration of MEPs is mandatory to avoid deficits in nonmonitored muscles.
Intraoperative Imaging in Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Lesions: Correlating Histologic Cross-Sections with High-Resolution Ultrasound
Authors: Burks S. Shelby , Cajigas Iahn , Jose Jean , Levi Allan D. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative ultrasound (US) has been used as a guide during surgery to better identify deep neuroanatomical structures.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate histologic cross-sections from nerve samples taken at the time of surgery with axial, high-resolution US images at similar locations and validate this important tool for intraoperative guidance in nerve surgery.

METHODS: Three subjects undergoing nerve repair procedures after traumatic nerve injuries were enrolled prospectively. US images captured at the time of surgery were later matched with gross anatomic cross-sections and fascicular anatomy compared across modalities.

RESULTS: In cases 1 and 3, neuromatous tissue spanned the entire cross-section of the common peroneal and upper trunk of the brachial plexus, respectively. In case 2, only a portion of the sciatic nerve was involved with neuroma. Intraoperative US aided in differentiating normal peripheral nerve from neuroma in all 3 cases and helped minimize the disruption of healthy peripheral nerve tissue.

CONCLUSION: Intraoperative US correlates well with anatomic sections removed at the time of surgery. The ability to noninvasively image the peripheral nerve along with compound nerve action potentials can greatly assist in determining the extent of neurolysis, resection, and grafting and is a useful adjunct for intraoperative decision-making. This report serves to highlight the role of US and validate its use in peripheral nerve surgery for trauma.
Age as a Predictor of Long-Term Results in Patients with Brachial Plexus Palsies Undergoing Surgical Repair
Authors: Socolovsky Mariano , di Masi Gilda , Bonilla Gonzalo , Lovaglio Ana Carolina , López Dan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Among other factors, like the time from trauma to surgery or the number of axons that reach the muscle target, a patient's age might also impact the final results of brachial plexus surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To identify (1) any correlations between age and the 2 outcomes: elbow flexion strength and shoulder abduction range; (2) whether childhood vs adulthood influences outcomes; and (3) other baseline variables associated with surgical outcomes.

METHODS
Twenty pediatric patients (under age 20 yr) who had sustained a traumatic brachial plexus injury were compared against 20 patients, 20 to 29 yr old, and 20 patients, 30 yr old or older. Univariate, univariate trend, and correlation analyses were conducted with patient age, time to surgery, type of injury, and number of injured roots included as independent variables.

RESULTS
A statistically significant trend toward decreasing mean strength in elbow flexion, progressing from the youngest to oldest age group, was observed. This linear trend persisted when subjects were subdivided into 4 age groups (<20, 20-29, 30-39, ≥40). There were no differences by age group in final shoulder abduction range or the percentage achieving a good shoulder outcome.

CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that age is somehow linked to the outcomes of brachial plexus surgery with respect to elbow flexion, but not shoulder abduction strength. Increasing age is associated with steadily worsening elbow flexion outcomes, perhaps indicating the need for earlier surgery and/or more aggressive repairs in older patients.
BrainPath-Mediated Resection of a Ruptured Subcortical Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Witek Alex M , Moore Nina Z , Sebai M Adeeb , Bain Mark D 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although tubular retractor systems have gained popularity for other indications, there have been few reports of their use for arteriovenous malformation (AVM) surgery. A patient was diagnosed with a ruptured 1.2-cm subcortical AVM after presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage in the right frontal lobe and anterior basal ganglia. The characteristics of this AVM made it amenable to resection using a tubular retractor.

OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate the feasibility and safety of AVM resection using a tubular retractor system.

METHODS
Resection of the ruptured 1.2-cm subcortical AVM was performed utilizing the BrainPathTM (NICO corp, Indianapolis, Indiana) tubular retractor system.

RESULTS
The BrainPathTM approach provided sufficient visualization and surgical freedom to permit successful AVM resection and hematoma evacuation. Postoperative imaging demonstrated near total hematoma removal and angiographic obliteration of the AVM. There were no complications, and the patient made an excellent recovery.

CONCLUSION
Tubular retractors warrant consideration for accessing small, deep, ruptured AVMs. The nuances of such systems and their role in AVM surgery are discussed.
Tobacco exposure and sleep disturbance in 498 208 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Boakye D , Wyse C A , Morales-Celis C A , Biello S M , Bailey M E S , Dare S , Ward J , Gill J M R , Pell J P , Mackay D F 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of sleep disturbance is high and increasing. The study investigated whether active, former and passive smoking were associated with sleep disturbance.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from the UK Biobank: a cohort study of 502 655 participants, of whom 498 208 provided self-reported data on smoking and sleep characteristics. Multivariable multinomial and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between smoking and sleep disturbance.ResultsLong-sleep duration (&gt;9 h) was more common among current smokers [odds ratio (OR): 1.47; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17–1.85; probability value (P) = 0.001] than never smokers, especially heavy (&gt;20/day) smokers (OR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.66–4.89; P &lt; 0.001). Former heavy (&gt;20/day) smokers were also more likely to report short (&lt;6 h) sleep duration (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.25–1.60; P &lt; 0.001), long-sleep duration (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.47–2.71; P &lt; 0.001) and sleeplessness (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.38–1.57; P &lt; 0.001) than never smokers. Among never smokers, those who lived with more than one smoker had higher odds of long-sleep duration than those not cohabitating with a smoker (OR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.26–5.82; P = 0.011).ConclusionsActive and passive exposure to high levels of tobacco smoke are associated with sleep disturbance. Existing global tobacco control interventions need to be enforced.
Age-Related Resistance inArabidopsis thalianaInvolves the MADS-Domain Transcription Factor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE and Direct Action of Salicylic Acid onPseudomonas syringae
Authors: Wilson Daniel C. , Kempthorne Christine J. , Carella Philip , Liscombe David K. , Cameron Robin K. 
Published: August 2017

Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits a developmentally regulated disease-resistance response known as age-related resistance (ARR), a process that requires intercellular accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), which is thought to act as an antimicrobial agent. ARR is characterized by enhanced resistance to some pathogens at the late adult-vegetative and reproductive stages. While the transition to flowering does not cause the onset of ARR, both processes involve the MADS-domain transcription factor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP). In this study, ARR-defective svp mutants were found to accumulate reduced levels of intercellular SA compared with wild type in response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Double mutant and overexpression analyses suggest that SVP and SOC1 (SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1) act antagonistically, such that SVP is required for ARR to alleviate the negative effects of SOC1 on SA accumulation. In vitro, SA exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activity at concentrations similar to those measured in the intercellular space during ARR. In vivo, P. syringae pv. tomato formed biofilm-like aggregates in young susceptible plants, while this was drastically reduced in mature ARR-competent plants, which accumulate intercellular SA. Collectively, these results reveal a novel role for the floral regulators SVP and SOC1 in disease resistance and provide evidence that SA acts directly on pathogens as an antimicrobial agent.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Beyond Citation Rates: A Real-Time Impact Analysis of Health Professions Education Research Using Altmetrics
Authors: Maggio Lauren A. , Meyer Holly S. , Artino Anthony R. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
To complement traditional citation-based metrics, which take years to accrue and indicate only academic attention, academia has begun considering altmetrics or alternative metrics, which provide timely feedback on an article’s impact by tracking its dissemination via nontraditional outlets, such as blogs and social media, across audiences. This article describes altmetrics and examines altmetrics attention, outlets used, and top article characteristics for health professions education (HPE) research.

Method
Using Altmetric Explorer, a tool to search altmetrics activity, the authors searched for HPE articles that had at least one altmetrics event (e.g., an article was tweeted or featured in a news story) between 2011 and 2015. Retrieved articles were analyzed using descriptive statistics. In addition, the 10 articles with the highest Altmetric Attention Scores were identified and their key characteristics extracted.

Results
The authors analyzed 6,265 articles with at least one altmetrics event from 13 journals. Articles appeared in 14 altmetrics outlets. Mendeley (161,470 saves), Twitter (37,537 tweets), and Facebook (1,650 posts) were most popular. The number of HPE articles with altmetrics attention increased 145%, from 539 published in 2011 to 1,321 in 2015. In 2015, 50% or more of the articles in 5 journals received altmetrics attention. Themes for articles with the most altmetrics attention included social media or social networking; three such articles were written as tips or guides.

Conclusions
Increasing altmetrics attention signals interest in HPE research and the need for further investigation. Knowledge of popular and underused outlets may help investigators strategically share research for broader dissemination.
Association of Testosterone Replacement Therapy and the Incidence of a Composite of Postoperative In-hospital Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Men Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Argalious Maged Y. , You Jing , Mao Guangmei , Ramos Daniel , Khanna Sandeep , Maheshwari Kamal , Trombetta Carlos 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Whether patients on testosterone replacement therapy undergoing noncardiac surgery have an increased risk of postoperative in-hospital mortality and cardiovascular events remains unknown. We therefore sought to identify the impact of testosterone replacement on the incidence of a composite of postoperative in-hospital mortality and cardiovascular events in men undergoing noncardiac surgery.

Methods
Data from male American Society of Anesthesiologists I through IV patients 40 yr or older who underwent noncardiac surgery between May 2005 and December 2015 at the Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, Ohio) main campus were included. The primary exposure was preoperative testosterone use. The primary outcome was a composite of postoperative in-hospital mortality and cardiovascular events. We compared patients who received testosterone and those who did not using propensity score matching within surgical procedure matches.

Results
Among 49,273 patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria, 947 patients on testosterone were matched to 4,598 nontestosterone patients. The incidence of in-hospital mortality was 1.3% in the testosterone group and 1.1% in the nontestosterone group, giving an odds ratio of 1.17 (99% CI, 0.51 to 2.68; P = 0.63). The incidence of myocardial infarction was 0.2% in the testosterone group and 0.6% in the nontestosterone group (odds ratio = 0.34; 99% CI, 0.05 to 2.28; P = 0.15). Similarly, no significant difference was found in stroke (testosterone vs. nontestosterone: 2.0% vs. 2.1%), pulmonary embolism (0.5% vs. 0.7%), or deep venous thrombosis (2.0% vs. 1.7%).

Conclusions
Preoperative testosterone is not associated with an increased incidence of a composite of postoperative in-hospital mortality and cardiovascular events.
The Shikani Optical Stylet as an Alternative to Awake Fiberoptic Intubation in Patients at Risk of Secondary Cervical Spine Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mahrous Rabab S.S. , Ahmed Aly M.M. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Conventional intubation of the trachea and consequent prone positioning of anesthetized patients with cervical spine instability may result in secondary neurological injury. Historically, flexible fiberoptics used to be the chief choice for patients presenting with cervical spine instability surgery with difficult airway. Recently, the rigid optical stylets have shown promise in assisting difficult intubations.

Purpose:
The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of Shikani optical stylet (SOS) with the flexible fiberscope for awake intubation in patients with cervical spine instability.

Patients and Methods:
In total, 60 adult patients diagnosed with cervical instability or at risk of secondary cervical injury, who were planned for awake intubation and/or self-positioning prone, were registered in this study and were randomly categorized into 2 equal groups (30 patients each), a fiberoptic group and an SOS group, followed by assessment of coughing and gagging during intubation, time to successful intubation, number of attempts for successful intubation, and hemodynamic parameters.

Results:
As regards time to successful intubation, statistically significant differences were detected between the 2 studied groups, with the fiberoptic group having significantly longer intubation time than the Shikani group, whereas no statistically significant differences were recorded between the 2 groups with regard to the first-attempt success, the mean heart rate value, the mean arterial blood pressure, coughing, and occurrence of complications.

Conclusion:
This study validates the efficacy of both SOS and flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope for awake oral intubation in patients with cervical spine instability. SOS has been found to be more effective in reducing time to intubation.
Distance Traveled for an Abortion and Source of Care After Abortion
Authors: Upadhyay Ushma D. , Johns Nicole E. , Meckstroth Karen R. , Kerns Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the association between distance traveled for an abortion and site of postabortion care among low-income women.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using claims data from 39,747 abortions covered by California's Medicaid program in 2011–2012. Primary outcomes were the odds of abortion-related visits to an emergency department (ED) and the original abortion site, and the secondary outcome was total abortion care costs. We used mixed-effects logistic regression adjusting for patient and abortion characteristics to examine the associations between distance traveled and subsequent abortion-related care at each location.

RESULTS:
Among all abortions (N=39,747), 3% (95% CI 2.9–3.3, n=1,232) were followed by an ED visit (3% first-trimester aspirations, 2% second trimester or later, and 4% medication abortions) and 25% (95% CI 24.1–24.9, n=9,745) were followed by a visit to the original abortion site (4% first-trimester aspirations, 3% second-trimester or later, and 77% medication abortions). Women traveling farther for their abortions had higher odds of visiting an ED (100 or more miles compared with less than 25 miles, first-trimester aspirations: adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.29, 95% CI 1.50–3.49; medication abortions: adjusted OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.34–3.93) and lower odds of returning to their abortion site for follow-up (100 or more miles compared with less than 25 miles, first-trimester aspirations: adjusted OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18–0.70; second trimester or later: adjusted OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.31–0.88; and medication abortions: adjusted OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.23–0.50). Costs were consistently higher when subsequent care occurred at an ED rather than the abortion site (median cost $941 compared with $536, P<.001).

CONCLUSION:
For most patients, greater distance traveled for abortion was associated with increased likelihood of seeking subsequent care at an ED. Increasing the number of rural Medicaid abortion providers and reimbursing providers for telemedicine and alternatives to routine follow-up would likely improve continuity of care and reduce state costs by shifting the location of follow-up from EDs back to abortion providers.