bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morse taper dental implants and platform switching: The new paradigm in oral implantology
Authors: Macedo José Paulo , Pereira Jorge , Vahey Brendan R. , Henriques Bruno , Benfatti Cesar A. M. , Magini Ricardo S. , López-López José , Souza Júlio C. M. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the potential benefits with the use of Morse taper dental implant connections associated with small diameter platform switching abutments. A Medline bibliographical search (from 1961 to 2014) was carried out. The following search items were explored: “Bone loss and platform switching,” “bone loss and implant-abutment joint,” “bone resorption and platform switching,” “bone resorption and implant-abutment joint,” “Morse taper and platform switching.” “Morse taper and implant-abutment joint,” Morse taper and bone resorption,” “crestal bone remodeling and implant-abutment joint,” “crestal bone remodeling and platform switching.” The selection criteria used for the article were: Meta-analysis; randomized controlled trials; prospective cohort studies; as well as reviews written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish languages. Within the 287 studies identified, 81 relevant and recent studies were selected. Results indicated a reduced occurrence of peri-implantitis and bone loss at the abutment/implant level associated with Morse taper implants and a reduced-diameter platform switching abutment. Extrapolation of data from previous studies indicates that Morse taper connections associated with platform switching have shown less inflammation and possible bone loss with the peri-implant soft tissues. However, more long-term studies are needed to confirm these trends.
Failure of endodontic treatment: The usual suspects
Authors: Tabassum Sadia , Khan Farhan Raza 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTInappropriate mechanical debridement, persistence of bacteria in the canals and apex, poor obturation quality, over and under extension of the root canal filling, and coronal leakage are some of the commonly attributable causes of failure. Despite the high success rate of endodontic treatment, failures do occur in a large number of cases and most of the times can be attributed to the already stated causes. With an ever increasing number of endodontic treatments being done each day, it has become imperative to avoid or minimize the most fundamental of reasons leading to endodontic failure. This paper reviews the most common causes of endodontic failure along with radiographic examples.
Investigation of eluted monomers from resin-based root canal sealer by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis
Authors: Omurlu Huma , Arisu Hacer Deniz , Dalkilic Evrim Eliguzeloglu , Tamer Ugur , Torul Hilal 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of the current study was to determine the amount of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA), poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), bisphenol A ethoxylated dimethacrylate (Bis-EMA), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) eluted from resin-based root canal sealer, epiphany, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Materials and Methods: Epiphany was placed into the plastic molds and light-cured with a light emitting diode. After the curing process, each specimen in the first group (n = 12) was immersed in Eppendorf tubes containing a phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) and incubated for 45 s. In the second group, each specimen (n = 12) was immersed in Eppendorf tubes containing PBS and incubated for 24 h. Of the specimen extracts, 100 μL were subjected to HPLC. Analysis of data was accomplished with one-way analysis of variance (P < 0.05). Results: All of the samples eluted HEMA, UDMA, Bis-GMA, PEGDMA, and Bis-EMA. A significant difference was determined between the time periods of HEMA, UDMA, PEGDMA, and Bis-EMA (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that Epiphany releases HEMA, UDMA, Bis-GMA, PEGDMA, and Bis-EMA in both time periods.
Rotation of the upper first molar in Class I, II, and III patients
Authors: Viganó Cristiane de Oliveira , da Rocha Viviane Ekerman , Junior Laerte Ribeiro Menezes , Paranhos Luiz Renato , Ramos Adilson Luiz 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mean rotation of the upper first molar (U1st M) in cast models from nontreated patients presenting: Class I, skeletal Class II, dental Class II, and skeletal Class III, comparing with Class I orthodontically treated patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred cast models were evaluated with five groups, composed of nontreated Class I (n = 20), dental Class II (n = 20), skeletal Class II (n = 20), skeletal Class III (n = 20), and treated Class I (n = 20). Measurements were taken from photocopies of the upper arches. The angle formed between a line crossing the mesiopalatal and the distal-buccalcusps of the U1st M and a line traced on mid palatal junction were measured in all samples. Results: One-way variance analysis showed that dental Class II group presented great mean rotation of the 1st molar (x = 78.95°, SD = 6.19) (P < 0.05), and in 85% of the patients from this group this angle was higher than 73°. Conclusions: The skeletal Class II and skeletal Class III groups showed similar mean position of the 1st molar, presenting rotation in approximately 50% of the patients. It can be concluded that upper molar rotation occurs mainly in dental Class II patients and shows higher mesial rotation angle.
Assessment of Growth of Infants Fed an Amino Acid-Based Formula
Authors: Corkins Mark , Czerkies Laura A. , Storm Heidi M. , Sun Shumei , Saavedra José M. 
Published: February 2016

Objective This study's primary aim was to compare the growth (daily weight gain) of infants consuming a new (Test) amino acid-based formula (AAF) or a commercially available AAF (Control). Methods Healthy infants were randomized to Test or Control from 14 to 112 days of age. Anthropometric measurements were taken at 14,28, 56, 84, and 112 days of age. Tolerance records were completed prior to each visit. Serum albumin and plasma amino acids were ascertained in a subset of infants at 84 days of age. Results A total of 119 subjects completed the study per protocol. Mean daily weight gains were 27.26 ± 4.92 g/day for Control and 27.42 ± 6.37 g/day for Test ( P = 0.8812). There were no significant differences between groups in formula intake, adverse events, flatulence, spit-up/vomiting, mood, or sleep. Albumin and plasma amino acids were within normal limits for both groups. Conclusions Infants fed the new AAF had similar daily weight gains as infants fed a commercially available AAF.
Parque de bomberos en Badalona, Barcelona. España
Authors: NsARQUITECTES Estudi 
Published: February 2016

<p>El encargo se sitúa en el barrio de Canyet de Badalona en un solar adyacente a la autopista del Maresme, en el tramo denominado B-20, que discurre entre Barcelona y Palafolls.</p>
Radiographic Evaluation of Soft Palate Morphology and Correlation with Gender on Lateral Cephalograms
Authors: Pentapati Kalyana Chakravarthy , Smriti Komal , Pai Keerthilatha Muralidhar , Vineetha Ravindranath 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
To investigate the variation of the soft palate morphology and the proportional differences of the morphology of soft palate between males and females.

Materials and methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in department of oral medicine and radiology. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of individuals subjected to radiographic examination for orthodontic purpose were retrieved. A total of 100 digital lateral cephalograms of normal healthy individuals (50 males and 50 females) who were aged 15 to 45 years were retrieved.

Results
Type 1 was most commonest shape of the soft palate (30%) followed by type 6 (19%), types 2 and 3 (17 and 17%), type 4 (11%) with least being type 5 (6%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of shape of soft palate between males and females (p = 0.312).

Conclusion
This classification can help us better understand the diversity of the velar morphology and can be used as references for the research of velopharyngeal closure in cleft palate individuals, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and other conditions.

How to cite this article
Smriti K, Pai KM, Vineetha R, Pentapati KC. Radiographic Evaluation of Soft Palate Morphology and Correlation with Gender on Lateral Cephalograms. World J Dent 2015;6(3):147-149.
Assessment of Learning Preferences among Indian Undergraduate Dental Students
Authors: Binnal Almas 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Objectives
In order to facilitate and optimize learning process, there is need to evaluate preferred choice of teaching methods among dental students, especially in Indian scenario wherein lecturing remains the most commonly employed method of teaching. The aim of the present study was to assess and compare learning approaches among the male and female undergraduate dental students.

Materials and methods
The study was conducted among undergraduate dental students of Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Students belonging to the first 4 years of their professional dental education program were enrolled in the study. A structured, self-administered questionnaire comprising of nine multiple choice questions apart from the demographic details was employed to assess the dental student's preferences towards learning.

Results
A total of 100 dental students participated in the study. Majority of the respondents preferred lecture classes in the morning hours for 30 minutes. Audiovisual method was the most preferred teaching aid, whereas multiple choice questions and periodic tests were most preferred method for evaluation. Significant difference was observed between male and female study subjects in terms of average percentage of the lecture content they were able to understand (p<0.035).

Conclusions
The present study holds policy implications for changes in the teaching patterns practiced in current times. Differences among learning preferences of males and females must be considered while selecting teaching methods. There is need to introduce more of active learning programs in order to overcome the drawback of lack of interaction and also to facilitate the learning among all students.

How to cite this article
Ahmed J, Binnal A, Denny C, Shenoy N, Natarajan S. Assessment of Learning Preferences among Indian Undergraduate Dental Students. World J Dent 2015;6(3): 169-173.
Mandibular Loop Connector: An Underrated Treatment Modality
Authors: Sanyal Pronob , Gosavi Sulekha , Gosavi Siddharth , Kore Abhijeet R , Kore Shobha , Tewari Shivsagar 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Connectors are the components of fixed dental prosthesis that join the individual retainers and pontics together. Connectors may be rigid or nonrigid. Loop connector is a type of rigid connector, indicated primarily when an existing diastema is to be maintained in a planned fixed prosthesis. Such cases can be treated with an implant supported prosthesis or a fixed prosthesis using a loop connector. In case of loop connector, the connector is in the form of a loop on the lingual aspect of the prosthesis that connects the adjacent retainer and pontic. Similarly, loop connector can also be used in the mandibular anterior region for replacement of central incisors, using canines as abutments rather than mandibular laterals which usually have compromised bone support.
There are many reports in literature describing the use of a loop connector in the maxillary anterior sextant. But, there are seldom reports about the use of a loop connector in the mandibular anterior region. This case report describes the use of a mandibular loop connector for the replacement of mandibular teeth where the adjacent teeth are periodontally compromised.

How to cite this article
Kore AR, Kore S, Gosavi S, Tewari S, Gosavi S, Sanyal P. Mandibular Loop Connector: An Underrated Treatment Modality. World J Dent 2015;6(3):184-187.
A Case-Control study of Body Mass Index and Infertility in Algerian Women (Sidi Bel Abbes, West of Algeria)
Authors: MAÏ Hichem Abdessalem , Demmouche Abbassia 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe prevalence of obesity and female infertility in Algeria has increased in past decades, and recent study are showing a relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of female infertility, suggesting that obesity is a risk factor for infertility. In order to evaluate the risk of infertility associated with BMI, we conducted a case-control study.Materials and methodsThe relationship between BMI and female infertility was investigated in a case-control study of 256 infertile cases and 326 fertile control subjects. The BMI of infertile women was compared with the BMI of the control fertile group. Odds ratios (ORs) was calculated as measures of relative risk of infertility associated with BMI.ResultsMultiple analyses showed significant association between various measures of BMI and female infertility in this population. An association between BMI and infertility was observed for the overweight (25.00–29.99 kg/m2; odds ratio = 2.23; p = 0.021; 95% confidence interval, 1.52–3.25) and obese group (> 30 kg/m2; odds ratio = 3.26; p = 0.019; 95% confidence interval, 1.62–6.58) compared to the normal weight group. However, no association was found between underweight and infertility (BMI < 20 Kg/m2, odds ratio = 0.96; p = 0.063; 95% confidence interval, 0.57–1.63).ConclusionThe present study confirms the results that the previously reported research have shown and affirm that an negative association exist between obesity and overweight with fertility, this association might be influenced by other factors, that's why larger and more research in the Algerian population are needed.How to cite this articleMAÏ HA, Demmouche A. A Case-Control study of Body Mass Index and Infertility in Algerian Women (Sidi Bel Abbes, West of Algeria). Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(3):103-107.
Association of Ultrasound Estimated Fetal Weight between 10th and 50th Centile in Third Trimester with the Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery
Authors: Pai Muralidhar V , Mathias Caroline R 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo find out the association of ultrasound estimated fetal weight (UEFW) between 10th and 50th centile, in early third trimester and the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery.Materials and methodsFetal weight of 965 women with singleton pregnancy was estimated between 28 and 34 weeks. Women with multiple gestation, medical disorders, fetal anomalies and induced labor were excluded. Values of UEFW were converted into centile values and multiples of median (MoM) for each gestational age. The risk of spontaneous preterm delivery was correlated with the UEFW.ResultsOut of 965 subjects 62 were either excluded as per exclusion criteria or lost for follow-up. Out of 91 subjects with fetal weights ≤10th centile 17 (18.7%, OR 1.82, p-value 0.003) and out of 180 with that ≤20th centile 29 (16.1% OR 1.51, p-value 0.040) had preterm delivery. When the deviation was below 0.85 MoM, 15 out of 73 (20.5% OR 2.08, p-value 0.024) subjects had preterm delivery.ConclusionWhen UEFW in early third trimester is below 20th centile or below 0.80 MoM the risk for spontaneous preterm delivery increases, hence, it may be prudent to be vigilant when the fetal weight is between 10th and 20th centile to avoid preterm delivery.How to cite this articlePai MV, Mathias CR. Association of Ultrasound Estimated Fetal Weight between 10th and 50th Centile in Third Trimester with the Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(3):108-111.
Expression Profiling of TGF-β Receptor and its Relation with Endometriosis
Authors: Ghoshal Soma , Agrawal Nisha Rani , Singh Kiran 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTStudy objectivesTo measure the transforming growth factorbeta (TGF-β) receptor level in endometriotic tissues in patients selected for surgery in our hospital; and thus to assess its genetic basis in the pathophysiology of endometriosis; and to study its possibility as a potent tissue marker.DesignObservational study (case control study) involving Genetic Laboratory Study.SettingTertiary Care Institute, Gynecology Department.Population or sampleTotal 100 female patients undergoing surgery in our hospital involved; out of them 50 were cases and 50 controls.Materials and methodsFifty cases (having endometriosis) and 50 controls (without endometriosis) were taken. During surgery, excised specimen was examined for presence of any endometriotic tissue. The endometrial tissue samples from suspected area were taken and put immediately in RNA-PCR media and sent to Genetics Laboratory where semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of TGF-beta was done using primers designed by Primer Blast software (National Center for Biotechnology Information).Main outcome measuresThe mean TGF-β receptor level was 0.5886 in cases and the mean TGF-β receptor level in controls was 2.076. Both in extrauterine endometriosis and in adenomyosis, TGF-β receptor was downregulated equally in 80% of cases.ResultsTransforming growth factor-beta receptor levels in all types of endometriosis showed a significant down regulation in maximum number of cases.ConclusionThis downregulation of TGF-β receptor level in the endometriotic tissues not only helps in understanding the pathological basis of endometriosis but most importantly, it can be utilized as genetic basis of therapy in endometriosis in near future.How to cite this articleGhoshal S, Agrawal NR, Singh K. Expression Profiling of TGF-β Receptor and its Relation with Endometriosis. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(3):112-117.ConsentTaken from all the 100 patients involved.
Relationship of Time Interval between Antenatal Corticosteroid Administrations to Delivery with Respiratory Distress in Preterm Newborns
Authors: Hebbar Shripad , Rai Lavanya , Lewis Leslie , Adiga Prashanth , Guruvare Shyamala , Basu Barnali 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the relationship of time interval between antenatal corticosteroid administration and delivery with respiratory distress in premature newborns.SettingsTertiary level teaching hospitalPopulationPreterm deliveries between 28 and 34 weeks in the period of April 2011 to January 2013 where the mothers received one course of corticosteroid prophylaxis and fulfilled the selection criteria.Materials and methodsPerusal of the hospital records was made to gather antenatal information and the details of delivery and the newborn. The patients were divided based on the number of doses of steroids received into three groups. The patients receiving complete steroid prophylaxis was further divided based on the time interval between steroid administration and delivery into five groups: 0 to 7 days, 8 to 14, 15 to 21, 22 to 28, 29 days and beyond. We looked for association between neonatal respiratory outcomes and steroid-delivery intervals using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 (SPSS, Chicago, USA). Regression model was used to control for the confounding variables.ResultsThere were 284 women who delivered preterm (up to 34 weeks of gestation) between April 2011 and January 2013 and fulfilled the selection criteria. The babies who received one (48) or no dose of steroids (14) had a higher incidence of respiratory distress than the ones who received a complete dose. This was statistically significant for babies born up to 32 weeks.Among the rest 222 babies who received complete steroid prophylaxis, 138 (62%) of the neonates born were admitted in NICU, respiratory distress was seen in 62 (28%). Eleven (5%) of the babies required intubation and 22 (9%) required surfactant therapy; there were 12 (5%) neonatal deaths. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a slightly increased risk of respiratory morbidity with increased interval from administration to delivery (OR–0.87 for 8–14 days, 1.79 for 15–21 days and 0.16 for 22–28 days).ConclusionThe risk of respiratory distress in preterm newborns increases beyond 2 weeks interval between antenatal corticosteroid administration and delivery.How to cite this articleGuruvare S, Basu B, Rai L, Lewis L, Hebbar S, Adiga P. Relationship of Time Interval between Antenatal Corticosteroid Administrations to Delivery with Respiratory Distress in Preterm Newborns. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(3): 128-132.
Potential climate-induced distributions of &lt;i&gt;Lophodermium&lt;/i&gt; needle cast across central Siberia in the 21 century
Authors: Tchebakova N. M. , Kuzmina N. A. , Parfenova E. I. , Senashova V. A. , Kuzmin S. R. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Needle cast caused by fungi of the genus Lophodermium Chevall. is a common disease in pine trees in Siberia. Regression analyses relating needle cast events to climatic variables in 1997–2010 showed that the disease depended most on precipitation of two successive years. Temperature conditions were important to trigger the disease in wetter years. We used our regional bioclimatic envelope model and IPCC scenarios to model the needle cast distribution and its outbreaks in the 21st century. In a warming climate, the needle cast range would shift northwards. By 2020, needle cast outbreaks would already have damaged the largest forest areas. But outbreak areas would decrease by 2080 because the ranges of modeled pathogen and Scots pine, the disease host, would separate: the host tree progression would be halted by the slower permafrost retreat, which would in turn halt the potential pathogen progression.
The Open Wounds of Being:
Authors: Eze Chielozona 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The poet Patricia Jabbeh Wesley acknowledged in an interview that her primary goal in poetry is to immortalize the suffering of her people. What exactly does she mean by that? What are the implications of remembering suffering, of keeping sorrows alive, especially in narratives? This article explores these questions in light of Primo Levi's envisaged moral obligation to bear testimony to the victims of the Jewish holocaust, as well as Giorgio Agamben's thoughts on that episode. I argue that ethics is central to Jabbeh Wesley's poetics. The poet has a calling: the moral responsibility to bear testimony to the dead and the dispossessed. I will discuss Jabbeh Wesley's poems as both a tribute to the dead and as an appeal to the living to change their lives. To situate my discussions of Jabbeh Wesley and Levi, I will revisit the ethical implications of Aristotle's definition of tragedy.
Environmental Shaw
Authors: Dukore Bernard F. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT:
One subject for which the prolific Bernard Shaw is not known is the environment. He called attention to air pollution by factory smoke and deplored smoking tobacco. Aiming to eliminate or reduce the malignant effects of slums on health and life, he wrote, spoke, and acted on sanitation and other health problems. He opposed quarrying and was a pioneer in seeking sources of energy that were alternatives to coal. He addressed and tried to remedy environmental and public health problems, which are often interrelated and cannot be easily demarcated. Two decades after his death in 1950, the environmentalist movement took hold.
An Imperfect Butlerite Aging and Embodiment in Back to Methuselah
Authors: Clifton Glenn 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT:
This article traces Shaw's modifications of Samuel Butler's evolutionary theory, demonstrating that Shaw diverged significantly from the thinking of the author he credited as his inspiration. The difference between Shaw and Butler emerges from opposed understandings of the role of embodiment—a condition that Shaw's play cycle Back to Methuselah seeks to transcend altogether.