bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing recombinant interleukin‐6 production yield by fermentation optimization, two‐step denaturing, and one‐step purification
Authors: Ahmed Nadeem , Abbas Rabbia , Khan Mohsin Ahmad , Bashir Hamid , Tahir Saad , Zafar Ahmad Usman 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInterleukin‐6 a pleiotropic cytokine involved in a wide range of biological activities. So the large‐scale production of biologically active recombinant human interleukin‐6 is important for its structural and functional studies. Here, we report an optimized method for shake flask fermentation and a simplified high‐yield purification procedure for the recombinant interleukin‐6. This high‐yield expression method not only involves the optimization of the fermentation condition but also the single step purification method as well as a two‐step denaturing and one‐step refolding process. This approach replaces the more conventional procedure of protein solubilization and refolding. Through applying these strategies, the final cell density and overall product yield of the recombinant human interleukin‐6 were obtained as 20.4 g as cell biomass and 150 mg as purified active protein from the I‐L of the culture. The purified protein was characterized by HPLC and SDS–PAGE. The results of the current work demonstrate that the described method may be used to develop the process for industrial‐scale production of the biologically active recombinant interleukin‐6 protein.
Nationwide outcomes in patients undergoing surgical exploration without resection for pancreatic cancer
Authors: van der Geest L G M , Lemmens V E P P , de Hingh I H J T , van Laarhoven C J H M , Bollen T L , Nio C Y , van Eijck C H J , Busch O R C , Besselink M G 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Despite improvements in diagnostic imaging and staging, unresectable pancreatic cancer is still encountered during surgical exploration with curative intent. This nationwide study investigated outcomes in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer found during surgical exploration.

Methods
All patients diagnosed with primary pancreatic (adeno)carcinoma (2009–2013) in the Netherlands Cancer Registry were included. Predictors of unresectability, 30-day mortality and poor survival were evaluated using logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

Results
There were 10 595 patients with pancreatic cancer during the study interval. The proportion of patients undergoing surgical exploration increased from 19·9 to 27·0 per cent (P &lt; 0·001). Among 2356 patients who underwent surgical exploration, the proportion of patients with tumour resection increased from 61·6 per cent in 2009 to 71·3 per cent in 2013 (P &lt; 0·001), whereas the contribution of M1 disease (18·5 per cent overall) remained stable. Patients who had exploration only had an increased 30-day mortality rate compared with those who underwent tumour resection (7·8 versus 3·8 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). In the non-resected group, among those with M0 (383 patients) and M1 (435) disease at surgical exploration, the 30-day mortality rate was 4·7 and 10·6 per cent (P = 0·002), median survival was 7·2 and 4·4 months (P &lt; 0·001), and 1-year survival rates were 28·0 and 12·9 per cent, respectively. Among other factors, low hospital volume (0–20 resections per year) was an independent predictor for not undergoing tumour resection, but also for 30-day mortality and poor survival among patients without tumour resection.

Conclusion
Exploration and resection rates increased, but one-third of patients who had surgical exploration for pancreatic cancer did not undergo resection. Non-resectional surgery doubled the 30-day mortality rate compared with that in patients undergoing tumour resection.
Soluble Collagen VI treatment enhances mesenchymal stem cells expansion for engineering cartilage
Authors: Smeriglio Piera , Lee Jieun , Bhutani Nidhi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBone Marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSC) are an attractive source for cell‐based therapies in cartilage injury owing to their efficient differentiation into chondrocytes and their immune‐suppressive abilities. However, their clinical use is hampered by a scarcity of cells leading to compromised efficacy. While expansion of human MSC ex vivo can potentially overcome the scarcity of cells, current methods lead to a rapid loss of the stem cell properties. In this study, we report soluble Collagen VI (cartilage pericellular matrix component) as a potential biologic that can expand the MSC population while maintaining the stem cell phenotype as confirmed by expression of the stem cell markers CD105 and CD90. Short‐term treatment with Collagen VI additionally retains the potential of MSC to differentiate into mature chondrocytes in pellet culture. Cartilage pellets generated from MSC treated with Collagen VI or control express comparable amounts of the chondrogenic markers Collagen II, Aggrecan and Sox9, and the extracellular glycosaminoglycans. Our observations confirm that the use of the endogenous and cartilage‐specific factor Collagen VI is valuable for a rapid and efficient expansion of MSC for potential use in cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis.
Enhanced Separation Efficiency of PtNix/g‐C3N4 for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Bi Lingling , Gao Xupeng , Ma Zhaochen , Zhang Lijing , Wang Dejun , Xie Tengfeng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBimetallic materials hold promise for improving catalyst activity, yet little is known about the photocatalytic mechanism that these systems undergo during photocatalytic reaction that lead to efficient catalyst. Herein, we synthesized g‐C3N4 combined with PtNix, which shows much higher photocatalytic activity than that of pure g‐C3N4 and achieves the highest H2 evolution rate of 8456 μmol h−1 g−1 for 2.5 % PtNix/g‐C3N4. The excellent photocatalytic activity resulted from the enhanced charge‐separation efficiency compared to the pristine g‐C3N4, which was proved by surface photovoltage, photoluminescence, and transient photovoltage spectra. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the dark further confirms the ability of charge transfer of 2.5 % PtNix/g‐C3N4 is superior to that of pure g‐C3N4. This effective separation efficiency gives rise to the observed excellent photocatalytic activity. This study not only provides us with an efficient catalyst for water splitting, but opens new avenues for designing and developing platinum‐based photocatalysts.
A Novel Bulky Heteroaromatic‐Substituted Methanide Mimicking NacNac: Bis(4,6‐tert‐butylbenzoxazol‐2‐yl)methanide in s‐Block Metal Coordination
Authors: Koehne Ingo , Bachmann Sebastian , Niklas Thomas , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA novel bulky bis(4,6‐tBu‐benzoxazol‐2‐yl)methane ligand was synthesized in a straightforward three‐step synthesis. The corresponding complexes [Li{(4,6‐tBu‐NCOC6H2)2CH}THF], [K{η5‐(4,6‐tBu‐NCOC6H2)2CH}]∞, and [MgCl{(4,6‐tBu‐NCOC6H2)2CH}(THF)2] were obtained upon metalation with alkaline or alkaline‐earth‐metal reagents. Reduction of [MgCl{(4,6‐tBu‐NCOC6H2)2CH}(THF)2] with potassium metal or KC8 led to the formation of the homoleptic compound [Mg{(4,6‐tBu‐NCOC6H2)2CH}2]. All compounds were fully characterized. Their solid‐state structures as well as their behavior in solution, which was analyzed with the help of advanced NMR spectroscopic techniques, are discussed in detail.
Hydrogen Bonding: Regulator for Nucleophilic Fluorination
Authors: Liang Shengzong , Hammond Gerald B. , Xu Bo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe recent advances in nucleophilic fluorination, regulated through hydrogen bonding interactions are summarized. Two main categories of fluorine nucleophiles are discussed. Alkali‐metal fluorides are widely used in various fluorination transformations because they are inexpensive and safe nucleophilic fluorine sources. But the non‐controllable nucleophilicity and strong basicity of some of them cause undesired side reactions, which led to the introduction of hydrogen bonding to fine tune their nucleophilicity and basicity. In contrast, an HF‐based fluorine nucleophile, HF/DMPU, is in some aspects superior to the conventional HF/pyridine (Olah's reagent) or HF/Et3N because of the higher hydrogen bond basicity of DMPU. It has been used in several nucleophilic fluorinations such as fluorination of alkynes, fluoro‐Prins reaction and fluorination of aziridines.
A New, Practical One‐Pot Synthesis of Unprotected Sulfonimidamides by Transfer of Electrophilic NH to Sulfinamides
Authors: Izzo Flavia , Schäfer Martina , Stockman Robert , Lücking Ulrich 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUnprotected tertiary sulfonimidamides have been prepared in good to excellent yields in a one‐pot transformation from tertiary sulfinamides through NH transfer. The reaction is mediated by commercially available (diacetoxyiodo)benzene and ammonium carbamate in methanol under convenient conditions. A wide range of functional groups are tolerated and initial results indicate that the NH transfer is stereospecific. A small molecule X‐ray analysis of NH sulfonimidamide 2 a and its behavior in selected in vitro assays in comparison to the matched sulfonamide are also reported. This new reaction provides a safe, short and efficient approach to sulfonimidamides, which have been the subject of recent, growing interest in the life sciences.
Psychological distress associated with cancer screening: A systematic review
Authors: Chad‐Friedman Emma , Coleman Sarah , Traeger Lara N. , Pirl William F. , Goldman Roberta , Atlas Steven J. , Park Elyse R. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDCurrent national cancer screening recommendations include the potential risk of psychological harm related to screening. However, data on the relation of psychological distress to cancer screening is limited. The authors conducted a systematic review to assess psychological distress associated with cancer screening procedures.METHODSStudies that administered measures of psychological distress between 2 weeks before and 1 month after the screening procedure were included.RESULTSIn total, 22 eligible studies met criteria for review, including 13 observational trials and 9 randomized controlled trials. Eligible studies used a broad range of validated and unvalidated measures. Anxiety was the most commonly assessed construct and was measured using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Studies included breast, colorectal, prostate, lung, and cervical screening procedures. Distress was low across procedures, with the exception of colorectal screening. Distress did not vary according to the time at which distress was measured. None of the studies were conducted exclusively with the intention of assessing distress at the time of screening.CONCLUSIONSEvidence of low distress during the time of cancer screening suggests that distress might not be a widespread barrier to screening among adults who undergo screening. However, more studies are needed using validated measures of distress to further understand the extent to which screening may elicit psychological distress and impede adherence to national screening recommendations. Cancer 2017;123:3882‐94. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Programmed cell death ligand 1 and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte status in patients with renal cell carcinoma and sarcomatoid dedifferentiation
Authors: Kawakami Fumi , Sircar Kanishka , Rodriguez‐Canales Jaime , Fellman Bryan M. , Urbauer Diana L. , Tamboli Pheroze , Tannir Nizar M. , Jonasch Eric , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Wood Christopher G. , Karam Jose A. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDThe immune profile of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (sRCC), including the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) status, has not been well characterized.METHODSAn immunohistochemical digital analysis of PD‐L1, PD‐1, CD4, and CD8 was performed on nephrectomy specimens from 118 sRCC patients and 92 nonsarcomatoid clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. The clinical characteristics of the population were compared between sRCC and ccRCC. Overall survival was estimated, and comparisons were made between PD‐L1–positive and PD‐L1–negative groups as well as tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)–high and TIL‐low groups.RESULTSThe PD‐L1 H‐score of sRCC (mean, 3.7; range, 0‐192.1) was significantly higher than the score of grade 4 ccRCC (P = .001), and 41.3% of sRCC cases showed a PD‐L1 H‐score ≥ 10. The PD‐1–positive cell density was significantly higher in sRCC versus ccRCC within the tumor and at the invasive front. The intratumoral CD8‐positive cell density was significantly higher in sRCC versus ccRCC. Forty‐one percent in the sarcomatoid component of sRCC and 8% in the epithelioid component of sRCC had an adaptive immune resistance phenotype (PD‐L1–positive and TIL‐positive), whereas only 1% in ccRCC had the type I phenotype.CONCLUSIONSsRCC showed higher PD‐L1 expression and higher PD‐1– and CD8‐positive cell density than grade 4 ccRCC. The results indicate a notable immunosuppressive environment in sRCC. Despite advances in the treatment of advanced‐stage renal cell carcinoma, sRCC still has a poor prognosis. This work describes highly immunosuppressive characteristics of sRCC in comparison with an appropriate ccRCC control. The results suggest PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade therapy as a potential therapeutic approach for sRCC. Cancer 2017;123:4823‐31. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Receipt of definitive therapy in elderly patients with unfavorable‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Yang David D. , Mahal Brandon A. , Muralidhar Vinayak , Boldbaatar Ninjin , Labe Shelby A. , Nezolosky Michelle D. , Vastola Marie E. , Beard Clair J. , Martin Neil E. , Mouw Kent W. , Orio Peter F. , King Martin T. , Nguyen Paul L. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDConservative management of aggressive prostate cancer in the elderly without definitive therapy has been associated with a 10‐year prostate cancer‐specific mortality of approximately 50%. The authors examined the prevalence of definitive therapy in elderly patients with intermediate‐risk or high‐risk disease.METHODS411,343 patients who were diagnosed from 2004 through 2012 with intermediate‐risk or high‐risk prostate cancer were identified in the National Cancer Database. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidity was used to examine the association between age and receipt of definitive therapy, defined as radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy, and of primary androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) among patients who did not receive definitive therapy.RESULTSIn total, 87.1% of high‐risk patients and 91.9% of intermediate‐risk patients received definitive therapy. When stratified by age, 93.7%, 92.1%, 90.8%, 87.6%, 80.9%, and 55.2% of high‐risk patients and 96.1%, 94.7%, 93.4%, 89.7%, 82.7%, and 62.8% of intermediate‐risk patients ages <60, 60 to 64, 65 to 69, 70 to 74, 75 to 79, and ≥80 years received definitive therapy, respectively. For both high‐risk and intermediate‐risk patients, increasing age was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of receiving definitive therapy overall (both P < .001) and a greater likelihood of receiving primary ADT among those who did not receive definitive therapy (both P < .001).CONCLUSIONSOlder age was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of receiving definitive therapy and an increased likelihood of receiving primary ADT in this national cohort of patients with intermediate‐risk or high‐risk prostate cancer. Notably, approximately 40% to 45% of patients aged ≥80 years did not receive definitive therapy. These findings are alarming given the dismal outcomes of conservatively managed unfavorable‐risk prostate cancer. Cancer 2017;123:4832‐40. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
An Experimental Radical Electrophilicity Index
Authors: Santschi Nico , Nauser Thomas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe present an experimental electrophilicity index (ϻ) for the classification of radicals. The ϻ‐scale is based on the equilibrium constant determined for the reversible addition of a radical R. to an aromatic radicophile (HisNH2). This experimental approach is in excellent agreement with the computed global electrophilicity index ω and serves to validate the latter.
Genetic diversity and sex‐bias dispersal of plateau pika in Tibetan plateau
Authors: Zhang Liangzhi , Qu Jiapeng , Li Kexin , Li Wenjing , Yang Min , Zhang Yanming 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDispersal is an important aspect in organism's life history which could influence the rate and outcome of evolution of organism. Plateau pika is the keystone species in community of grasslands in Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we combine genetic and field data to character the population genetic pattern and dispersal dynamics in plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). Totally, 1,352 individual samples were collected, and 10 microsatellite loci were analyzed. Results revealed that plateau pika possessed high genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficient in a fine‐scale population. Dispersal distance is short and restricted in about 20 m. An effective sex‐biased dispersal strategy is employed by plateau pika: males disperse in breeding period for mating while females do it after reproduction for offspring and resource. Inbreeding avoiding was shown as the common driving force of dispersal, together with the other two factors, environment and resource. In addition, natal dispersal is female biased. More detailed genetic analyzes are needed to confirm the role of inbreeding avoidance and resource competition as ultimate cause of dispersal patterns in plateau pika.
Prevalence and genetic diversity of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Central African island and continental amphibian communities
Authors: Hydeman Marina E. , Longo Ana V. , Velo‐Antón Guillermo , Rodriguez David , Zamudio Kelly R. , Bell Rayna C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infects hundreds of amphibian species and is implicated in global amphibian declines. Bd is comprised of several lineages that differ in pathogenicity, thus, identifying which Bd strains are present in a given amphibian community is essential for understanding host–pathogen dynamics. The presence of Bd has been confirmed in Central Africa, yet vast expanses of this region have not yet been surveyed for Bd prevalence, and the genetic diversity of Bd is largely unknown in this part of the world. Using retrospective surveys of museum specimens and contemporary field surveys, we estimated the prevalence of Bd in Central African island and continental amphibian assemblages, and genotyped strains of Bd present in each community. Our sampling of museum specimens included just a few individuals collected in the Gulf of Guinea archipelago prior to 1998, yet one of these individuals was Bd‐positive indicating that the pathogen has been on Bioko Island since 1966. We detected Bd across all subsequent sample years in our study and found modest support for a relationship between host life history and Bd prevalence, a positive relationship between prevalence and host community species richness, and no significant relationship between elevation and prevalence. The Global Panzootic Lineage (BdGPL) was present in all the island and continental amphibian communities we surveyed. Our results are consistent with a long‐term and widespread distribution of Bd in amphibian communities of Gabon and the Gulf of Guinea archipelago.
Affinity chromatography on monolithic supports for simultaneous and high‐throughput isolation of immunoglobulins from human serum
Authors: Martinović Tamara , Andjelković Uroš , Klobučar Marko , Černigoj Urh , Vidič Jana , Lučić Marina , Pavelić Krešimir , Josić Djuro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPosttranslational modifications of immunoglobulins have been a topic of great interest and have been repeatedly reported as a major factor in disease pathology. Cost‐effective, reproducible, and high‐throughput (HTP) isolation of immunoglobulins from human serum is vital for studying the changes in protein structure and the following understanding of disease development. Although there are many methods for the isolation of specific immunoglobulin classes, only a few of them are applicable for isolation of all subtypes and variants. Here, we present the development of a scheme for fast and simultaneous affinity purification of α (A), γ (G), and μ (M) immunoglobulins from human serum through affinity monolith chromatography. Affinity‐based monolithic columns with immobilized protein A, G, or L were used for antibody isolation. Monolithic stationary phases have a high surface accessibility of binding sites, large flow‐through channels, and can be operated at high flow rates, making them the ideal supports for HTP isolation of biopolymers. The presented method can be used for HTP screening of human serum in order to simultaneously isolate all three above‐mentioned immunoglobulins and determine their concentration and changes in their glycosylation pattern as potential prognostic and diagnostic disease biomarkers.
Durable Flexible Supercapacitors Utilizing the Multifunctional Role of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Lorenzo Marta , Srinivasan Geetha 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA simple scalable approach to design flexible, ultrathin, and safe supercapacitors to power up the next‐generation of portable electronics and implantable biomedical devices is reported. The main challenge to construct flexible supercapacitors is the development of flexible electrodes that can retain characteristics of high power density, long cycle life, and high efficiency during and after bending. In this work, flexible electrodes based on conducting polymer–biopolymer–ionic liquid–graphite composites that are chemically blended and stable have been prepared. They are used as electrodes in the fabrication of three devices, that is, (i) electrochemical, (ii) electrical double‐layer, and (iii) hybrid supercapacitors. The multifunctional role of ionic liquids as solvent, electrolyte, and plasticizer is exploited to fabricate these innovative supercapacitors. These flexible supercapacitors show specific capacitances of around 5 mF g−1, an operational voltage of about 2.2 V, and an excellent cycle life of >15 000 cycles with nearly 100 % efficiency. The design nature of these electrodes, chemical stability, and feasibility to use biocompatible components will enable the construction of task‐specific supercapacitors with excellent device stability.
Increased N200 and P300 latencies in cognitively impaired elderly carrying ApoE ε‐4 allele
Authors: Cintra Marco Túlio Gualberto , Ávila Rafaela Teixeira , Soares Thayana Oliveira , Cunha Luciana Cristina Matos , Silveira Katia Daniela , de Moraes Edgar Nunes , Simas Kaique Roger , Fernandes Renato Bragança , Gonçalves Denise Utsch , de Rezende Nilton Alves , Bicalho Maria Aparecida Camargos 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo compare the results of neuropsychological tests, evoked potentials N200 and P300 and polymorphisms of ApoE and BDNF rs6265 between patients with normal cognition and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's dementia (AD).MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of elderly individuals with normal cognition and those with MCI and AD, who were submitted to evoked potential tests (N200 and P300) by means of hearing stimuli based on the auditory oddball paradigm. Genotyping was obtained by using the real‐time PCR technique.ResultsSixty‐five patients were evaluated as follows: 14 controls, 34 with MCI and 17 with AD. N200 latency and P300 latency and amplitude were not associated with MCI and AD diagnosis. Patients with cognitive impairment (MCI or AD) showed increase in the latencies of P300 and N200. BNDF gene was not associated with cognitive impairment.ConclusionLatencies of N200 and P300 increased in cognitively impaired patients with the presence of ApoE ε‐4 allele.