bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crisis and Homesickness: A New Opportunity for Brain Gain in Latin America?
Authors: Pacheco Iván F. 
Published: February 2017

While some industrialized countries face a surplus of PhDs in many fields of knowledge, developing countries face the opposite problem. This might be a great opportunity for Latin American countries to attract talent. However, most countries do not have a clear policy for the recruitment of faculty abroad and, when they do, it is mostly focused on recovering their own expatriates from their work abroad.
National Systems of Higher Education: The U21 Rankings
Authors: Williams Ross 
Published: February 2017

It is the quality of the higher education system as a whole, not just that of research intensive universities, that matters for the economic, social and cultural development of a nation. The annual Universitas 21 (U21) rankings measure national performance in higher education in 50 countries over 25 attributes. The relationship between the input and output measures enables conclusions to be drawn about the efficacy of different systems.
Does Research Mobility Have an Effect on Productivity and Impact?
Authors: Halevi Gali , Moed Henk F. , Bar-Ilan Judit 
Published: February 2017

This article examines whether domestic or international mobility of scientists have positive effect on the productivity or impact of their work. We analyzed 100 top producing authors from 7 disciplines and found that mobility between at least two affiliations increases both output (number of publications) and impact (number of citations). However, mobility between countries does not seem to have a positive impact as domestic affiliation mobility.
University Branch Campuses in Kenya
Authors: Munene Ishmael I 
Published: February 2017

The catalyst for the rapid growth of the multi-campus university system in Kenya include revenue enhancement, expansion of access and mitigating the equity challenge. Despite these noble social goals, this model of university development has been discredited owing to quality, equity and restrictive programing concerns. A reframing of the campus model towards regional-specific high-autonomy campuses could ameliorate these concerns.
Excellence Initiatives to Create World-Class Universities
Authors: Salmi Jamil 
Published: February 2017

In the era of global rankings, many governments want to make sure that their top universities are actually operating at the cutting edge of intellectual and scientific development. A major concern has therefore been to identify the most effective method for inducing substantial and rapid progress in a country’s top universities. In order to accelerate the process of improving their top universities, several governments have launched so-called “excellence initiatives”, consisting of large injections of additional funding to boost their university sector. This article assesses the impact of these initiatives on the universities involved and on the rest of the tertiary education system. While the first section analyzes the main features of excellence initiatives, the second part examines their results as well as their limitations.
Inefficacité des formations didactiques comme outil d’intégration de services en dépendance dans les soins de première ligne
Authors: Maynard Serge , Campbell Emily , Boodhoo Katie , Xenocostas Spyridoula , Gill Kathryn ,   L’Équipe IRSC – Traitement de la toxicomanie (CIHR TEAM in substance abuse treatment)
Published: February 2017

Objectif : Les intervenants de première ligne sont en position idéale pour fournir des services de repérage, détection, interventions brèves et orientation (RDIBO) aux patients ayant un problème de dépendance. Par contre, la mise en oeuvre du RDIBO dans la pratique clinique présente de nombreux défis et son adoption généralisée s’avère lente. L’objectif global de cette recherche a été d’examiner les expériences vécues par les intervenants de première ligne ayant suivi les ateliers de formation du ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (MSSS) afin de mettre en oeuvre le programme-services Dépendances et, ensuite, d’étudier la relation entre cette formation et l’intégration des savoirs acquis à la pratique.
Méthodes : Deux groupes de discussion focalisée ont eu lieu avec un total de 10 intervenants de première ligne et, dans une seconde phase, 69 questionnaires ont été distribués à d’autres intervenants, dont 22 avaient eu l’occasion de suivre la formation du MSSS. Tous les intervenants provenaient d’un centre de santé et de services sociaux (CSSS) qui était dans le processus de mise en place des services de première ligne en dépendance, tel qu’exigé par le programme-services Dépendances du MSSS.
Résultats : Bien que la formation ait contribué à accroître la connaissance des participants sur la dépendance, les participants ont dit faire peu usage des outils de formation et avoir apporté peu de changements concrets à leur pratique clinique postatelier. En outre, les participants ont eu le sentiment que la formation dispensée ne les a pas suffisamment outillés pour adopter et mettre en oeuvre le RDIBO, car trop théorique et déconnectée du stade de mise en oeuvre dans leur propre organisme.
Conclusion : La tenue d’ateliers est une approche fréquemment utilisée pour encourager l’adoption de nouvelles pratiques dans les milieux de soins de santé. Cependant, ils sont peu susceptibles de conduire à des changements de pratique significatifs à long terme. Les résultats sont discutés dans l’optique d’une réflexion sur le processus de transfert de connaissances.
‘Mírate Los Pies Y Desharás La Rueda’. La Emblemática Y Las Novelas Ejemplares De Cervantes
Authors: D’Onofrio Julia 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT: This study posits a number of possible crossroads useful for the the study of the relationship between emblematics and literature. It focuses specifically on the case of Cervantes, whose always elusive works defy any attempt to pigeonhole them in simple connections. Concretely, it offers a proposal for the analysis of emblematic structures in the Novelas ejemplares. The examples adduced attempt to illustrate the complex modes of dialogue between the narratives of Cervantes and the emblem, considering the latter as the most characteristic artifact of the symbolic culture of the 16th and 17th centuries. KEYWORDS: Emblematics; Cervantes; Novelas ejemplares; Narratives; Golden Age; Topoi. RESUMEN: Plantea este trabajo posibles vías de cruce para estudiar la relación entre la emblemática y la literatura. Se enfoca en el particular caso de Cervantes cuya obra siempre elusiva rechaza encasillarse en conexiones simples. En particular se presenta una propuesta de análisis de estructuras emblemáticas en las Novelas ejemplares. El recorrido pretende ilustrar los modos complejos del diálogo de la narrativa cervantina con el emblema considerándolo como el artefacto más característico de la cultura simbólica de los siglos XVI y XVII.PALABRAS CLAVES: emblemática; Cervantes; Novelas Ejemplares; narrativa; Siglo de Oro; tópicos.
Convenció i excepció en la imatge dels gravats de Ramon Llull
Authors: Sacarès Taberner Miquela 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT: Study of the engravings that depict Ramón Llull, which are found mainly in Lullian editions from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries. This study first analyzes the conventional images that define the conceptual iconographic type of Llull. It also examines two engravings whose meaning is related to the context of the period. KEYWORDS: Ramon Llull; Francesc Rossello; Lullian editions; Lullian iconography. RESUM: Estudi dels gravats que representen Ramon Llull, localitzats en les edicions lul·lianes entre els segles XVI al XIX. En primer lloc s’analitzen les imatges convencionals que defineixen el tipus iconogràfic conceptual de Llull. En segon lloc, dos gravats, el significat dels quals és interpretat en relació amb el context de l’època.PARAULES CLAUS: Ramon Llull; Francesc Rosselló; edicions lul·lianes; iconografia lul·liana. RESUMEN: Estudio de los grabados que representan a Ramón Llull, localizados en las ediciones lulianas entre los siglos XVI al XIX. En primer lugar se analizan las imágenes que definen el tipo iconográfico conceptual de Llull. En segundo lugar, dos grabados cuyo significado és interpretado en relación con el contexto de la época. PALABRAS CLAVES: Ramon Llull; Francesc Rosselló; ediciones lul·lianes; iconografía luliana.
Application of circulating tumor DNA in prospective clinical oncology trials – standardization of preanalytical conditions
Authors: van Dessel Lisanne F. , Beije Nick , Helmijr Jean C.A. , Vitale Silvia R. , Kraan Jaco , Look Maxime P. , de Wit Ronald , Sleijfer Stefan , Jansen Maurice P.H.M. , Martens John W.M. , Lolkema Martijn P. 
Published: February 2017

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a potential new biomarker with diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic applications for various solid tumor types. Before beginning large prospective clinical trials to prove the added value of utilizing ctDNA in clinical practice, it is essential to investigate the effects of various preanalytical conditions on the quality of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in general and of ctDNA in particular in order to optimize and standardize these conditions. Whole blood samples were collected from patients with metastatic cancer bearing a known somatic variant. The following preanalytical conditions were investigated: (a) different time intervals to plasma isolation (1, 24, and 96 h) and (b) different preservatives in blood collection tubes (EDTA, CellSave, and BCT). The quality of cfDNA/ctDNA was assessed by DNA quantification, digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) for somatic variant detection and a β‐actin fragmentation assay for DNA contamination from lysed leukocytes. In 11 (69%) of our 16 patients, we were able to detect the known somatic variant in ctDNA. We observed a time‐dependent increase in cfDNA concentrations in EDTA tubes, which was positively correlated with an increase in wild‐type copy numbers and large DNA fragments (> 420 bp). Using different preservatives did not affect somatic variant detection ability, but did stabilize cfDNA concentrations over time. Variant allele frequency was affected by fluctuations in cfDNA concentration only in EDTA tubes at 96 h. Both CellSave and BCT tubes ensured optimal ctDNA quality in plasma processed within 96 h after blood collection for downstream somatic variant detection by dPCR.
Dysregulation of the miR‐194–CUL4B negative feedback loop drives tumorigenesis in non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Mi Jun , Zou Yongxin , Lin Xiaohua , Lu Juanjuan , liu Xiaochen , Zhao Hui , Ye Xiang , Hu Huili , Jiang Baichun , Han Bo , Shao Changshun , Gong Yaoqin 
Published: February 2017

Cullin 4B (CUL4B), a scaffold protein that assembles CRL4B ubiquitin ligase complexes, is overexpressed in many types of cancers and represses many tumor suppressors through epigenetic mechanisms. However, the mechanisms by which CUL4B is upregulated remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that CUL4B is upregulated in non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) tissues and is critically required for cell proliferation and migration in vitro and for xenograft tumor formation in vivo. We found that microRNA‐194 (miR‐194) and CUL4B protein were inversely correlated in cancer specimens and demonstrated that miR‐194 could downregulate CUL4B by directly targeting its 3′‐UTR. We also showed that CUL4B could be negatively regulated by p53 in a miR‐194‐dependent manner. miR‐194 was further shown to attenuate the malignant phenotype of lung cancer cells by downregulating CUL4B. Interestingly, CRL4B also epigenetically represses miR‐194 by catalyzing monoubiquitination at H2AK119 and by coordinating with PRC2 to promote trimethylation at H3K27 at the gene clusters encoding miR‐194. RBX1, another component in CRL4B complex, is also targeted by miR‐194 in NSCLC cells. Our results thus establish a double‐negative feedback loop between miR‐194 and CRL4B, dysregulation of which contributes to tumorigenesis. The function of miR‐194 as a negative regulator of CUL4B has therapeutic implications in lung cancer.
3‐D ballistic transport of ellipsoidal volcanic projectiles considering horizontal wind field and variable shape‐dependent drag coefficients
Authors: Bertin Daniel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn innovative 3‐D numerical model for the dynamics of volcanic ballistic projectiles is presented here. The model focuses on ellipsoidal particles and improves previous approaches by considering horizontal wind field, virtual mass forces, and drag forces subjected to variable shape‐dependent drag coefficients. Modeling suggests that the projectile's launch velocity and ejection angle are first‐order parameters influencing ballistic trajectories. The projectile's density and minor radius are second‐order factors, whereas both intermediate and major radii of the projectile are of third order. Comparing output parameters, assuming different input data, highlights the importance of considering a horizontal wind field and variable shape‐dependent drag coefficients in ballistic modeling, which suggests that they should be included in every ballistic model. On the other hand, virtual mass forces should be discarded since they almost do not contribute to ballistic trajectories. Simulation results were used to constrain some crucial input parameters (launch velocity, ejection angle, wind speed, and wind azimuth) of the block that formed the biggest and most distal ballistic impact crater during the 1984–1993 eruptive cycle of Lascar volcano, Northern Chile. Subsequently, up to 106 simulations were performed, whereas nine ejection parameters were defined by a Latin‐hypercube sampling approach. Simulation results were summarized as a quantitative probabilistic hazard map for ballistic projectiles. Transects were also done in order to depict aerial hazard zones based on the same probabilistic procedure. Both maps combined can be used as a hazard prevention tool for ground and aerial transits nearby unresting volcanoes.
Upper mantle discontinuity structure beneath eastern and southeastern Tibet: New constraints on the Tengchong intraplate volcano and signatures of detached lithosphere under the western Yangtze Craton
Authors: Zhang Ruiqing , Wu Yan , Gao Zhanyong , Fu Yuanyuan V. , Sun Lian , Wu Qingju , Ding Zhifeng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe present new constraints on the upper mantle transition zone structure beneath eastern and southeastern Tibet based on P wave receiver functions for a large broadband data set from two very dense seismic arrays. A clear depression of both the 410 km and 660 km discontinuities is detected west of the Red River fault relative to the east. The correlated topographic variations across the Red River fault are indicative of temperature changes in the upper mantle above the transition zone, which suggests that the fault is a deep‐rooted structure that penetrates into the upper mantle and separates Indochina from South China. West of the Red River fault, the transition zone thickness under the Tengchong volcano is found to be normal compared to the global average. This strongly suggests that the intraplate volcano may originate from slab tearing of the eastward subducting Indian plate at shallow depths in the upper mantle rather than from dehydration of a flattened plate within the transition zone. Our results further show that the 660 km discontinuity is significantly depressed under the western Yangtze Craton and that the transition zone therefore thickens by up to 20 km. This thickening is suggestive of lowered temperatures associated with a remnant of detached lithosphere in response to overlying asthenospheric escape flow in and around the western Yangtze Craton. In addition, we find that the transition zone thickness beneath much of the Sichuan Basin is similar to the global average.
A nonplanar slow rupture episode during the 2000 Miyakejima dike intrusion
Authors: Cattania Camilla , Rivalta Eleonora , Hainzl Sebastian , Passarelli Luigi , Aoki Yosuke 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMagmatic intrusions release extensional strain in the Earth's crust upon availability of magma. Intrusions are typically accompanied by earthquake swarms and by surface faulting that is often larger than what is expected from the magnitude of the induced earthquakes. The 2000 Miyakejima dike intrusion triggered the largest volcanic earthquake swarm monitored so far, with fiveMl>6 earthquakes. We analyze the seismicity and deformation induced by the Miyakejima dike with the aim of constraining the timescale and mechanisms of slow strain release during the episode. In six earthquake bursts lasting few hours and migrating at ∼1 km h−1we find candidates for slow earthquakes. Each burst nucleated at the tips of previous bursts, suggesting stress interaction. The variability of fault plane solutions indicates that the bursts occurred on a complex system of fractures, consistent with weakly consolidated surface layers strained by spatially inhomogneous stresses that change in time, such as those induced by a dike. Based on dislocation models, we find that deformation is best explained by aseismic slip (in addition to the seismic burst), with a moment 1.3 to 2.3 times larger than the earthquakes' seismic moment, and opening of 0.20 ± 0.07 m on the dike. The aseismic slip occurred over a few hours, with moment, duration, and migration velocity consistent with that of previously observed slow slip events. We argue that the seismic bursts are likely driven by slow slip, sharing most properties with tectonic slow slip events and swarms, but occurring on a set of nonaligned faults.
Gridded anthropogenic emissions inventory and atmospheric transport of carbonyl sulfide in the U.S.
Authors: Zumkehr Andrew , Hilton Timothy W. , Whelan Mary , Smith Steve , Campbell J. Elliott 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCarbonyl sulfide (COS or OCS), the most abundant sulfur‐containing gas in the troposphere, has recently emerged as a potentially important atmospheric tracer for the carbon cycle. Atmospheric inverse modeling studies may be able to use existing tower, airborne, and satellite observations of COS to infer information about photosynthesis. However, such analysis relies on gridded anthropogenic COS source estimates that are largely based on industry activity data from over three decades ago. Here we use updated emission factor data and industry activity data to develop a gridded inventory with a 0.1° resolution for the U.S. domain. The inventory includes the primary anthropogenic COS sources including direct emissions from the coal and aluminum industries as well as indirect sources from industrial carbon disulfide emissions. Compared to the previously published inventory, we found that the total anthropogenic source (direct and indirect) is 47% smaller. Using this new gridded inventory to drive the Sulfur Transport and Deposition Model/Weather Research and Forecasting atmospheric transport model, we found that the anthropogenic contribution to COS variation in the troposphere is small relative to the biosphere influence, which is encouraging for carbon cycle applications in this region. Additional anthropogenic sectors with highly uncertain emission factors require further field measurements.
Thank you to our 2016 peer reviewers
Authors: Hauck Steven A. , Baratoux David , Stanley Sabine 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPeer review is one of most fundamental aspects of the modern practice of science. As scientists we hold our own work up to scrutiny by experts among our peers in order to encourage the best practices in scientific conduct and communication. Thorough consideration and review by professional colleagues of scientific papers are critical aspects of ensuring that the manuscripts published by JGR‐Planets are accurate, valuable, and clearly communicated. Peer review is an essential element of the process of refining understanding and sharing science, and the effort and expertise shared by each reviewer are crucial to the advancement of planetary science. In 2016, JGR Planets benefited from more than 451 reviews provided by 337 of our peers for papers submitted to the journal. Thank you all for your dedication to advancing planetary science.
Palladium‐Catalyzed, Silver‐Assisted Direct C‐5–H Arylation of 3‐Substituted 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Li Shan , Wan Penghui , Ai Jing , Sheng Rong , Hu Yongzhou , Hu Youhong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA direct C‐5–H arylation of 3‐substituted 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles with aryl iodides in the presence of a palladium catalyst and silver acetate is reported. This method provides a rapid, reliable way to obtain versatile 3,5‐diaryl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives, which are common moieties of many biologically active molecules. The synthetic applications of this novel method have been demonstrated in the concise syntheses of Ataluren and a potent RET inhibitor Yhhu251.magnified image
Regioselective Hydroxylation of Stilbenes by Engineered Cytochrome P450 from Thermobifida fusca YX
Authors: Rühlmann Ansgar , Antovic Dragutin , Müller Thomas J. J. , Urlacher Vlada B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSince the past decades, the plant stilbenoid resveratrol has gained significant attention of the general public as well as the research community due to its versatile medicinal properties. Apart from resveratrol, there is also an increasing interest in other plant stilbenoids because of their different potential biological activities. In order to meet the increasing demand for stilbenoids, alternative and sustainable approaches for their production are needed. We identified the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 154E1 from Thermobifida fusca YX (CYP154E1) which enables the synthesis of (E)‐4,4′‐dihydroxystilbene via direct double hydroxylation of (E)‐stilbene. The construction of a triple mutant led to a more than six‐fold increased catalytic efficiency compared to the wild type enzyme. CYP154E1 and variants thereof accepted not only (E)‐stilbene but also possessed remarkable activity towards ortho‐ and meta‐substituted hydroxystilbenes leading to resveratrol, (E)‐2,4′‐dihydroxystilbene, (E)‐2,4′,5‐trihydroxystilbene and (E)‐3,4′‐dihydroxystilbene. The combination of protein engineering and the use of methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as substrate solubilizing agent resulted in product titers of up to 4.2 g L−1 and enzyme total turnover numbers (TTN) of up to 20,000.magnified image
Cooperative Cation‐Binding Catalysis as an Efficient Approach for Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Indoles and Pyrrole
Authors: Kim Mun Jong , Xue Lu , Liu Yidong , Paladhi Sushovan , Park Si Joon , Yan Hailong , Song Choong Eui 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrated the cooperative cation‐binding catalysis as an efficient approach for enantioselective Friedel–Crafts reaction of indoles and pyrroles. By using highly accessible chiral oligoethylene glycol (oligoEG) as the cation‐binding catalyst and KF as the base, a highly enantioselective Friedel–Crafts reaction of indoles, 4,7‐dihydroindoles, and pyrrole with bench‐stable α‐amidosulfones as in‐situ equivalents of sensitive imines was achieved. The scope of this new catalytic protocol was not limited to aromatic imines. Heteroaromatic and aliphatic substrates as well as α‐iminoethyl glyoxylate also afforded the desired products with excellent yields and ees. The enforced proximity of the catalyst and substrates in a chiral cage in situ formed by incorporation of the potassium salt enhanced the reactivity and efficiently transferred the stereochemical information, mimicking the action of enzymes.magnified image