bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religiosity and Entrepreneurial Intention
Authors: Wibowo Buddi 
Published: August 2017

Religion and economic activities relationship is an evolving research topic in economics. Secular world-view usually put a side religiosity as just one of non-economic factors. However, religiosity is an important individual characteristic that has significant influence in shaping daily life decisions. Entrepreneurial intentions among undergraduates students need deeper study in order to reveal entrepreneurial intention formation model, intention determinant variables, how those variables interact each other, and how individual religiosity affect intention formation process and intention strength level. Based on Structural Equation Model, personal attitudes and social norms are the most important variables influencing entrepreneurial intentions, besides perceived behavioral control. These three variables are the most important entrepreneurial intentions determinant variable that direcly are influenced by personal beliefs about these factors. Religiosity plays an important role in entrepreneurial intention. Empirical test show that religious student group has stronger personal attitude towards entrepreneurial activity dan perceived behavior control compared to irreligious group.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v16i2.4963
High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Bronchiolitis: Modeling the Economic Effects of a Ward-Based Protocol
Authors: Collins Catherine , Chan Titus , Roberts Joan S. , Haaland Wren L. , Wright Davene R. 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVES:High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) use has increased in patients with bronchiolitis, with the majority of use restricted to the ICU. Broadening HFNC to the wards may have substantial economic implications. This study compares the cost of a standardized clinical pathway that permits HFNC use in the wards for patients with bronchiolitis with an ICU-only HFNC care model.METHODS:We constructed a decision analytic model to simulate 2 options for treating bronchiolitic patients: one in which HFNC is used in the wards (ward HFNC) and one in which HFNC is restricted to the ICU (ICU HFNC). The model inputs were based on patients admitted with bronchiolitis without major comorbidities between 2010 and 2015. 1432 patients were included for analysis. We simulated 10 000 patients for 5000 trials to assess parameter variability and sampling uncertainty, respectively. The primary outcome was average admission cost per patient. The secondary outcome was average length of stay (LOS) per patient.RESULTS:In the model, the average admission cost per patient for the ward HFNC group was $7020 (95% confidence interval [CI] $6840–$7194) compared with $7626 (95% CI $7427–$7839) in the ICU HFNC group, with a net difference of $606 (95% CI $408–$795). The average LOS for the ward HFNC group was 2.29 days (95% CI 2.24–2.33) compared with 2.61 days (95% CI 2.56–2.66) in the ICU HFNC group, with a net difference of 0.32 days (95% CI 0.27–0.37).CONCLUSIONS:Using HFNC in the ward for bronchiolitis may be cost-effective and may decrease LOS compared with ICU-only HFNC.
The Effect of E-learning on the Acquisition of Learning Outcomes in Teaching Science and Biology / Utjecaj e-učenja na usvojenost ishoda učenja u nastavi Prirode i Biologije
Authors: Bulić Mila , Jelaska Igor , Mandić Jelaska Petra 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe conducted research aimed to identify factors of efficiency of e-learning on the acquisition of learning outcomes in teaching Science and Biology in elementary school. In addition, the differences in the age of pupils were identified as one of the factors of e-learning efficiency. The sample of participants was made up of 162 students, from 5th to 8th grade. Based on the pre-testing results, the pupils were divided into the control and the experimental group. The pupils from the experimental group were acquiring teaching units through the system of e-learning, and pupils in the control group had traditional classes using active working methods. Two-factor 4×2 ANOVA was used with the aim of checking the hypotheses. The results imply that pupils in the 5th and 6th grade differ from pupils in the 7th and 8th grade, i.e. the pupils in the experimental group were found to be more successful. Additionally, the research confirms that e-learning is as successful as traditional teaching, so it can surely be used under the conditions when pupils cannot be present in the regular classes in the classroom. The results of the research can be an incentive for teachers to strengthen their own ICT competencies, implement ICT in the teaching process and create new e-learning scenarios in the teaching of Science and Biology.Key words: Biology classes; e-learning; ICT; pupil’s age; Science classes.---SažetakProvedeno istraživanje imalo je za cilj identificirati čimbenike učinkovitosti e-učenja na usvajanje ishoda učenja u nastavi Prirode i Biologije u osnovnoj školi. Također su identificirane i razlike u dobi učenika kao jedan od faktora učinkovitosti e-učenja. U istraživanju su sudjelovala 162 učenika od 5. do 8. razreda. Učenici svakoga razreda, na temelju rezultata predtesta, bili su podijeljeni na kontrolnu i eksperimentalnu skupinu. Učenici eksperimentalne skupine nastavne sadržaje ispitivanih nastavnih cjelina usvajali su putem sustava e-učenja, a učenici kontrolne skupine imali su tradicionalnu nastavu u učionici s pomoću aktivnih metoda rada. Dvofaktorska 4x2 ANOVA koristila se s ciljem provjeravanja postavljenih hipoteza. Rezultati pokazuju kako se učenici 5. i 6. razreda diferenciraju od učenika 7. i 8. razreda kao uspješniji u eksperimentalnoj skupini. Dodatno, istraživanje potvrđuje da je e-učenje uspješno kao i tradicionalna nastava pa se zasigurno može koristiti u uvjetima kada učenici ne mogu biti na redovnoj nastavi u razredu. Rezultati istraživanja mogu biti poticaj učiteljima za jačanje vlastitih IKT kompetencija, implementaciju IKT-a u nastavni proces te osmišljavanje novih scenarija e-učenja u nastavi Prirode i Biologije.Ključne riječi: dob učenika; e-učenje; IKT; motivacija; nastava Biologije; nastava Prirode.
Thermal Insulating Concrete Tiles
Authors: Saeed Sarkawt , Qadir Shler , Shaan Riyadh 
Published: August 2017

This paper studies the shape of high-thermal insulating concrete tiles used for roof tiling. The theoretical part consists of a comparison between this invented tiles and ordinary terrazzo tiles. The analysis depends on the values of thermal conductivity of the materials used. The results showed that when these tiles are used for roof tiling, the temperature difference between the outside of roof surfaceand the inside room can be reduced about (6) times compared with the use of the ordinary terrazzo tiles. In addition, three specimens were fabricated and tested for rupture and absorption tests. The test results showed that, they have a good resistance to the applied test loads, and high resistance to water absorption. The authors believe that the results are remarkable, highly applicable and should be taken intoconsideration in building constructions.
Psychosocially Supporative Design - As a Theory and Model to Promote Health (A Letter to Editor)
Authors: Dilani Alan 
Published: August 2017

The board of JZS has received a letter from Prof.Alan Dilani, who is from Kurdistan of Iran and a Swedish Citizen an 12/04/2007. The following is part of his letter:
I will send you an article please find as attachment, it has been newly
published in the book of the year of International Hospital Federation
dealing with Health promotion and is very relevant for Kurdistan. You
are free to publish in the next number.
I wish you again all the best for you and Dr.Ali Saeed Mohammad to develop University of Sulaimani as a top academic in the region.
Best wishes.
Alan Dilani
International Academy for Design and Health
Alan Dilani, Ph.D. Professor, Architect, Public Health
Research Center Design and Health
NOVUM Science Park
Halsov, 7 Plan 6
141 57 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
Tel: +46 8 689 93 55
Mobile: + 46 8 745 00 02
International Academy for Design and Health

Internet: www.designandhealth.com
e-mail: academy@designandhealth.com

His aim for that, and also ours) was to seek the attention of the Ministry of Health and other responsible bodies in the Kurdistan Regional
Government and Engineers, to the importance of Hospital Designs in Kurdistan. With great thanks and appreciation, the board of this Journal (JZS) has approved to republish the article as it was appeared in the original book Thanks to Prof.Alan Dilani wishing him more success in future.
Editorial Board of JZS
The Effect of Peak Area Estimation on the Gamma-Ray Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Fattah Aziz 
Published: August 2017

This paper deals with a measured gamma-ray spectrum and designing a MATLAB program to perform
peak finding procedure by using the differences of the experimental data as well as performing fitting
process by using Newton-Gauss least square technique. Then, five different methods of peak area
determination are proposed to analyze the symmetry lines of Po212 in the spectrum, and the comparison
was done using the percentage variance reduction test.
Log-Convex Polynomial Approximation in Log. of Twice Differentiable Functions
Authors: Darwesh Halgwrd 
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we introduce a new concept of constrained approximation, which we call Log-convex
polynomial approximation in log. We obtained a direct theorem of log-convex polynomial approximation in
log for twice differentiable functions on [-1, 1], in term of the ordinary moduli of continuity.
Conventional Control of Loop-Height in Steel Rolling Mill
Authors: Abdulrahman Alaa 
Published: August 2017

This paper describes the loop height formation in steel rolling mill, and how to control the height
of the loop. Loops are useful in stee0l rolling processes. They improve the quality of the steel production
and reduce the chances of tension and/or bending in the production between the successive rolling
stands. The driver of the rolling stand is of DC-motor type in which its speed can be controlled. A
conventional controller is used to control the height of the loop and to keep the synchronization of the
rolling stands. Simulation results reveal how the synchronization is maintained and the height of the loop
can be kept constant when any disturbances occur.
Production of ZA-27 Alloy by New Rheocasting Process
Authors: Abood Adnan , Habeb Tahar 
Published: August 2017

The present work encompasses the grains refining of microstructure of Zn-Al alloy (ASTM B669 ZA-27)
ingots without addition of refining agents or using stirring, that is, by using the New Rheocasting (NRC).
AISI 316 stainless steel mould is employed with inclination angle of 75o and 1.2 V/A ratio. The pouring
temperatures are 532 oC, 522 oC, and 502 oC, while the quenching occurs at different temperatures. The
examination shows that all NRC ingots have microstructure of refined equaxial grains in the range of 27-
36 μm, while the percentage of volume fraction of α-Al phase was varied from 0.56 to 0.76. The value of
circularity was in the range of 1.33-1.65. The NRC ingots achieved less coarsening kinetic than critical
value which shows that there is a limited increase in the grain size and coalescence of reheating. Tensile
strength, Yield strength, and Elongation of ZA-27 alloy which was made by NRC process, increased to
18%, 11%, and 32% respectively compare to Gravity Die Casting (GDC) ingots due to formation of
equaxil grains along all the cross section in addition to smaller grains size.
Modified Moghissi Cervical Mucus (Cm) Score and Body Mass Index (BMI) in Spontaneous and Clomiphene Citrate Ovulation Induction Program
Authors: Al-Janabi Adnan , Hussain Sabah , Rashed Israa 
Published: August 2017

A comparative study was performed to determine the effect of clomiphene citrate (CC) on cervical
mucus (CM) sampled in the preovulatory period in ovulatory cycle patients (control) and CC treated
patients, moreover the correlation between CM score and body mass index (BMI) was studied in these
two groups. One hundred-three infertile women were evaluated in outpatient clinic attending Institute for
Embryo Research and Infertility/University of Al-Nahrain/Baghdad from February to August 2005, these
patients were divided into two groups, the first group (number= 45) was ovulatory (control) group, this
group took no treatment and the second group(number= 58)was CC-treated group, they were given dose
of CC 100 mg/day orally for 5 days starting from cycle day 2 .Follicular growth was monitored in both
groups starting from cycle day 10 using transvaginal ultrasound when the dominant follicle size was
1620 mm, the CC score was done to all patient. Body mass index (kg/m2) was measured for the all
patients and its effect on CM score was evaluated. There was highly significant reduction in volume,
consistency, spinnbarkeit, cellularity, and total CM score in treated CC cycles compared to control cycle,
whereas there was no statistically significant difference in regard to ferning test between two groups. The
PH of CM of patients in the CC treated cycle increased but not to a significant level as compared to
control cycle. This study also demonstrate a negative linear correlation with CM and BMI in controls
cycle, whereas there is no correlation in CC treated cycle .It was concluded from these results that, CC
cause a marked reduction in the quality and quantity of cervical mucus.
Diabetes during Labour: Types, Mode of Delivery and Fetal Outcome in Erbil Maternity Teaching Hospital
Authors: Alaf Shahla 
Published: August 2017

A field study on 54 pregnant women during labor with pre gestational and gestational diabetes in
Erbil Maternity Teaching Hospital ,Erbil city , Kurdistan region Iraq from 1st of January to the 1st of
March 2005 was carried out to determine the types of diabetes, mode of delivery and neonatal out come .
Total deliveries in this period were 2891, making the rate of diabetes during labor 1.9%. Mean maternal
age was33.65±5.35 years, mean maternal weight was 79.50±13.5 kg, 3.7% of patients were primigraivid
while 57.41 % were grandmultiparus.63% of diabetic patients in our study were Gestational diabetes
while 37% were pregestational diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes).There was no statistically
significant correlations between the types of diabetes and maternal age, weight, and parity.61.1% of the
patients delivered by Caesarean Section (Emergency and Elective) while 29.6% of cases delivered
spontaneously vaginally .The most common indication for Caesarean Section was Cephalo pelvic
Disproportion .The perinatal mortality in the study group was 6 (2 macerated stillbirth, 2 fresh stillbirth
and 2 early neonatal deaths), there were 5cases (9.2%) of congenital fetal malformations (4 congenital
heart disease and one case of club foot (all were newborns of pregestational diabetic mothers).
Pre-Operative versus Postoperative Surgical Analgesia
Authors: Ahmed Hiwa , Muhemad Ako 
Published: August 2017

Background; postoperative pain remain the most common dilemma for surgical patients, there are many
methods for control of pain, either by conventional postoperative analgesia or preoperative analgesia.
The aim; is to evaluate the benefit of Diclofenac as pre-operative analgesia in comparison to the
postoperative conventional treatments.
Methods and Patients; this study includes patients of different age and sex groups, underwent different
elective and emergency surgical operations,
They divided in to two groups:
- Group A (100 patients): controlled group, were received pre-operative analgesia.
- Group B (100 patients): compared group, were received the conventional analgesia.
Results; thirty eight percent of patients in group A have significant pain versus eighty six percent of the
patients in group B (P value 0.0000)
Preoperative analgesia as single dose of Diclofenac is more effective in control of postoperative pain
than conventional postoperative analgesia.
Conclusion; we could say that the pre-operative (pre-emptive) analgesia is safe, feasible, well tolerant,
less costly and more effective for the control of different types of the surgical pain.
Flow- Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of some Sulpha Drugs via Oxidative Coupling with 4-Amino-N, N-diethylaniline. Application to Various Samples
Authors: Azeez Yousif 
Published: August 2017

A flow injection spectrophotometric method is described for the determinaiton of sulphonamides
in aqueous and biological samples. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of 4-amino-N,
N-diethylaniline with sulphonamide drugs in the presence of potassium dichromate as oxidizing agent.
Intense violet, water soluble dye was obtained which has a maximum absorption at 550nm,. Linear
calibration graphs were obtained for different sulphonamides with a molar absorpitivity of 4200-5270 l mol-1 cm-1
and a relative standard deviation less than 0.56%. The proposed method has proved to be highly sensitive (detection limit range 0.30-0.63 μg ml-1 sulphonamide) and accurate (recovery % was 98.2-101.2%). The nature of the coloured dye and its stability constant were determined. The method was applied successfully to the determination of sulphonamide drugs in pharmaceutical preparations, blood and urine samples.Keywords: FIA, Spectrophotometer 4-amino-N, N-diethylaniline
Network Intrusion Detection System Based on Matching Logical Address and Port Number
Authors: Boskany Najmadin 
Published: August 2017

The aim of this paper is to design a significant system for detecting intrusion hosts inside
computer networks. The goal is to let network administrators detect and discover if possible hackers
(unauthorized hosts) that attempt to break into network infrastructure exist or no, who observe network
traffic or try to cause service attack, by accident or with purpose.
Determination of a Critical Angle (θc) for Track Revelation for Different CR-39 Nuclear Track Detector Materials
Authors: Ismail Asaad 
Published: August 2017

Different thicknesses of 50 samples of commercially CR-39 Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors
(SSNTDs) have been prepared with different ages and from different produced companies. Track
parameters and plotting profiles, using computer program TRACK_TEST ware calculated. Detector
efficiency has been found to be depends strongly on the critical angle for track revelation (C). On the
other hand, critical angle depends strongly on the bulk etch rate.The results were specified that the
detectors older than 3 years seemed to show odd behaviors of VB with detector efficiency. For
age=3years the efficiency decreases exponentially for different alpha particle energy, and the bulk etch
rate (VB ) increases with decreasing age. This behavior may be important in applications of this detector;
for example, the calibration factor for radon measurements should be established by taking into account
the age of the detector.
Simulation of Whirlpool Galaxy and its Companion
Authors: Rasheed Mariwan 
Published: August 2017

In the present work the Whirlpool galaxy and its companion are simulated using Intergalactic
Gravitational Motion Simulator IGMS code. N-body method is depended in simulating 480 particles.
From the simulation, it was found that the spiral shape and the arm of the whirlpool galaxy were constructed
by interaction with its companion. In addition, the interaction caused the tidal bridge between the two
galaxies and distorted the shape of the whirlpool galaxy to a perfect spiral galaxy. It was also found that the
two galaxies started the interaction in the nearer position for hundreds million years and after that the two
galaxies separate from each other.The results indicated that the simulation image matches with that observed
by telescopes.
Oral Cancer in Sulaimani: A Clinicopathological Study
Authors: Talabani Nazar , Ahmed Khadija , Faraj Farouk 
Published: August 2017

Oral cancer is one of the most debilitating and disfiguring of all malignancies; it is one of the most
frequently occurring cancers in the body. This study is designed to achieve a retrospective and a
prospective epidemiological study on oral cancer in Sulaimani city .
In the retrospective cases of oral cancer in ten years (1995-2004) were reviewed, and the prospective
study included oral cancer cases diagnosed during the study period. Seventy three cases in the
retrospective part and 18 cases in the prospective part were recorded. All cases were analyzed according
to age, sex, site and histopathological presentation.
In the retrospective part, the patients were 44 males and 29 females with male to female ratio 1.5:1. The
lip was the most commonly affected site by oral cancer (32 cases 43.84%), followed by tongue (16 cases,
21.92%).The peak onset of oral cancer seen in age groups (51-60) and (61-70) years .Squamous cell
carcinoma was the major histopathological version, followed by tumor of salivary gland region. In the
prospective part of the study the patients were15 males, and 3 females. Age group (41-50) was the most
commonly affected. The lip was the most commonly affected site. The most frequent histopathological
type was squamous cell carcinoma.
It was obvious that almost all the cases were seen in an advanced stage, the delay was found to be mainly
due to ignorance of the patients, and delay in diagnosis and referral by dental practitioners. Lack of
information about habitual smoking and drinking, were noticed. Necessity of cancer registry in Sulaimani
is suggested.
Spirometric Measurements among Workers of Tasluja Cement Factory
Authors: Mahmood Treefa , Wafi Nasreen , Shaikhan Mohammed 
Published: August 2017

Prolonged exposure to cement is hazardous and studies abroad showed that repeated and
prolonged exposure to cement dust causes respiratory impairment.This study aimed at assessing the
respiratory function among workers of Tasloja cement factory which is one of the biggest cement
factories in the region, For this purpose a group of 139 cement workers with a group of 68 control
subjects were enrolled in this study. The cement workers group was divided into directly exposed and
indirectly exposed. Both groups were examined by spirometry .Spirometric examination included the
determination of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC% and PEF, at the same time their height& weight were
determined. There was a significant decrease in peak expiratory flow(PEF) among the exposed group.
Other spirometric values showed non-significant decrease. The decrease in spirometric measurements
was directly proportional to the duration of employment.