bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irreversible electroporation enhances delivery of gemcitabine to pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bhutiani Neal , Agle Steven , Li Yan , Li Suping , Martin Robert C.G. 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionIrreversible electroporation (IRE) utilizes short, high‐voltage pulses to irreversibly permeabilize the cell membrane, resulting in apoptotic cell death. In addition to the irreversible zone, IRE creates a reversible zone that could be utilized for enhanced drug delivery. The hypothesis of this study is that a zone of reversible electroporation exists and allows for increased chemotherapy delivery.MethodsTen immunocompromised mice with orthotopic human pancreatic adenocarcinoma tumors (Panc1) were treated with either IRE between two doses of gemcitabine (15 mg/kg) (ECT) (N = 5) or gemcitabine alone (N = 5). Gemcitabine levels in the serum, liver, and pancreas were analyzed with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS).ResultsConcentration of gemcitabine within reversibly electroporated pancreatic tissue was higher in mice receiving ECT compared to those receiving gemcitabine alone (13,567 ng/ml vs.4,126 ng/ml; P = 0.0009). Pancreatic gemcitabine levels were 5.52 and 5.96 times higher than liver and serum levels, respectively, in the ECT group compared to 2.85 and 2.53 times higher (P = 0.117, P = 0.058), respectively, in mice receiving gemcitabine alone.ConclusionIRE can potentially reduce local recurrence by allowing increased drug delivery to the tissue in the reversible electroporation zone. This holds significant potential in augmenting efficacy of gemcitabine in treatment of locally advanced and borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:181–186. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Burden of preoperative cardiovascular disease risk factors on breast cancer surgery outcomes
Authors: Huang Brian Z. , Camp Melissa S. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundCardiovascular comorbidities have been studied sporadically in breast cancer surgery. No study has provided a comprehensive assessment of the severity and relative influence of preoperative cardiac risk factors on surgical outcomes.Methods78,338 breast cancer surgery patients were identified from the 2006 to 2012 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. We estimated the impact of chronic conditions (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking), acute cardiac events (myocardial infarction, congestive heart disease, angina), and past cardiac procedures (cardiac surgery, percutaneous coronary intervention) on 30‐day postoperative complications, reoperation, and readmission.ResultsNearly 65% of patients had chronic conditions, <1% had acute events, and 3% had past procedures. The prevalence of outcomes was low: 5% had complications, 4% underwent reoperation, and 4% were readmitted. Over 65% of complications were wound‐related. All risk factor categories were associated with complications (ORs from 1.26 to 4.18). Acute events had the strongest effect on overall (OR 3.54, CI 2.55–4.91) and medical (OR 4.18, CI 2.73–6.41) complications. Chronic conditions and past procedures also predicted reoperation and readmission (ORs from 1.57 to 2.68). The odds of all outcomes increased with the number of chronic conditions (ptrend < 0.001).ConclusionsCardiovascular disease has a significant impact on outcomes even in minimal‐risk breast cancer surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:144–149. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immediate breast reconstruction following mastectomy in pregnant women with breast cancer
Authors: Caragacianu Diana L. , Mayer Erica L. , Chun Yoon S. , Caterson Stephanie , Bellon Jennifer R. , Wong Julia S. , Troyan Susan , Rhei Esther , Dominici Laura S. , Economy Katherine E. , Tung Nadine M. , Schapira Lidia , Partridge Ann , Calvillo Katherina Zabicki 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundSurgical management of breast cancer in pregnancy (BCP) requires balancing benefits of therapy with potential risks to the developing fetus. Minimal data describe outcomes after mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction (IR) in pregnant patients.MethodsRetrospective review was performed of patients who underwent IR after mastectomy within a BCP cohort. Parameters included intra‐ and post‐operative complications, short‐term maternal/fetal outcomes, surgery duration, and delayed reconstruction in non‐IR cohort.ResultsOf 82 patients with BCP, 29 (35%) had mastectomy during pregnancy: 10 (34%) had IR, 19(66%) did not. All IR utilized tissue expander (TE) placement. Mean gestational age (GA) at IR was 16.2 weeks. Mean surgery duration was 198 min with IR versus 157 min without IR. Those with IR delivered at, or close to, term infants of normal birthweight. No fetal or major obstetrical complications were seen. Post‐mastectomy radiation (PMRT) was provided after pregnancy in 2 (20%) patients in the IR cohort and 12 (63%) in the non‐IR cohort. All patients in the IR cohort successfully transitioned to permanent implant.ConclusionsThis report represents one of the largest series describing IR during BCP. IR after mastectomy increased surgery duration, but was not associated with adverse obstetrical or fetal outcomes. IR with TE may preserve reconstructive options when PMRT is indicated. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:140–143. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contrast CT‐scan for preoperative planning of VSLN (vascularized submental lymph‐node) transfer
Authors: Mullan Damian , Kosutic Damir 
Published: July 2016

Background and ObjectivesVascularized submental lymph‐node (VSLN) transfer is gaining popularity as a reliable donor‐site in microsurgical treatment of lymphedema. However, variations in number, location, and blood supply to submental lymph‐nodes as well as associate skin‐paddle make a predictable flap harvest a challenging task. We analyzed this region on preoperative imaging, to improve accuracy of VSLN transfers.MethodsContrast CT‐scan analysis of VSLN‐flap areas was performed in 58 patients. Number and location of visibly vascularized lymph nodes as well as submental artery perforators were identified, documented, and compared.ResultsAbout 409 lymph‐nodes were found in 50 patients. No significant difference was found in the number of nodes between the right and left side. Significantly more lymph‐nodes were found in zones 1B than zones 1A. In eight patients nodes were not identified. In the remaining 50 patients position of the visibly vascularized submental lymph‐node was predictable.ConclusionSignificantly less lymph‐nodes can be found in zone 1a then zone 1b. Location of visibly vascularized lymph nodes can be identified predictably in relation to bony landmarks. Blood supply to 1a nodes and particularly location of dominant skin perforator is unpredictable due to potential crossover. Contrast CT scan can help identify location and blood supply to submental lymph‐nodes in most patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:23–26. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Smoking status and symptom burden in surgical head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Sterba Katherine R. , Garrett‐Mayer Elizabeth , Carpenter Matthew J. , Tooze Janet A. , Hatcher Jeanne L. , Sullivan Christopher , Tetrick Lee Anne , Warren Graham W. , Day Terrence A. , Alberg Anthony J. , Weaver Kathryn E. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives/HypothesisHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients who smoke are at risk for poor treatment outcomes. This study evaluated symptom burden and clinical, sociodemographic, and psychosocial factors associated with smoking in surgical patients to identify potential targets for supportive care services.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsIndividuals with HNSCC of the oral cavity, larynx, or pharynx were recruited from two cancer centers and completed questionnaires assessing smoking status (never, former, current/recent), patient characteristics, and symptoms before surgery.ResultsOf the 103 patients enrolled, 73% were male, 52% were stage IV, 41% reported current/recent smoking, and 37% reported former smoking. Current/recent smokers were less likely than former smokers to have adequate finances (53% vs. 89%, P = .001) and be married/partnered (55% vs. 79%, P = .03). Current/recent smokers were also more likely than both former and never smokers to be unemployed (49% vs. 40% and 13%, respectively, all P = .02) and lack health insurance (17% vs. 5% and 13%, respectively, all P ≤.04). Fatalistic beliefs (P = .03) and lower religiosity (P =.04) were more common in current/recent than never smokers. In models adjusted for sociodemographic/clinical factors, current/recent smokers reported more problems than former and never smokers with swallowing, speech, and cough (P ≤.04). Current/recent smokers also reported more problems than never smokers with social contact, feeling ill, and weight loss (P ≤ .02).ConclusionsHNSCC patients reporting current/recent smoking before surgery have high‐risk clinical and sociodemographic features that may predispose them to poor postoperative outcomes. Unique symptoms in HNSCC smokers may be useful targets for patient‐centered clinical monitoring and intervention.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 127:127–133, 2017
Quantification and characterization of coastal dissolved organic matter by high‐performance size exclusion chromatography with ultraviolet absorption, fluorescence, and total organic carbon analyses
Authors: Shimotori Koichi , Satou Takayuki , Imai Akio , Kawasaki Nobuyuki , Komatsu Kazuhiro , Kohzu Ayato , Tomioka Noriko , Shinohara Ryuichiro , Miura Shingo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMolecular size and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) distributions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in seawater were determined qualitatively and quantitatively by high‐performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). To estimate the relationship between molecular size distribution and the DOC concentration of seawater DOM, seawater was desalinated with an electric dialyzer. The recent technological advancements of desalination make us possible to recover a high percentage of seawater DOM. Surface coastal seawater samples were collected from three locations in Japan: Tokyo Bay, Kashima Port, and Cape Inubo. Samples were evaluated by a chromatography system coupled with ultraviolet (UV) absorbance, fluorescence, and non‐dispersive infrared total organic carbon detectors in series. Two peaks, 1 (1.24 × 105−1.54 × 105 Da) and 2 (9.48 × 102−1.81 × 103 Da), were detected in all sample chromatograms. Peak 1 showed little fluorescence and UV absorption in all samples. It has been shown that carbohydrates, one of the main components of seawater DOM, exhibit almost no fluorescence or UV absorption; thus, Peak 1 could mainly consist of carbohydrates which are usually labile DOM. Total DOC concentrations of the Tokyo Bay, Kashima Port, and Cape Inubo were 1.38, 0.92, and 0.80 mg C L−1, respectively. Peak 2 accounted for 75–80% of the total DOC and showed a substantial humic‐like fluorescence and UV absorption in all samples. These results indicate that the photochemical characteristics of seawater DOM significantly differ depending on its molecular size. Thus, analysis of molecular size with our HPSEC provides a new approach for quantitative and qualitative characterization of seawater DOM.
Basal Ganglia dysfunctions in movement disorders: What can be learned from computational simulations
Authors: Schroll Henning , Hamker Fred H. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe basal ganglia are a complex neuronal system that is impaired in several movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and dystonia. Empirical studies have provided valuable insights into the brain dysfunctions underlying these disorders. The systems‐level perspective, however, of how patients' motor, cognitive, and emotional impairments originate from known brain dysfunctions has been a challenge to empirical investigations. These causal relations have been analyzed via computational modeling, a method that describes the simulation of interacting brain processes in a computer system. In this article, we review computational insights into the brain dysfunctions underlying Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and dystonia, with particular foci on dysfunctions of the dopamine system, basal ganglia pathways, and neuronal oscillations. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Anastomosis to the common and proper digital vessels in free flap soft tissue reconstruction of the hand
Authors: Diaz‐Abele J. , Hayakawa T. , Buchel E. , Brooks D. , Buntic R. , Safa B. , Islur A. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThis study seeks to demonstrate the safety of anastomosing free flaps to the common or proper digital artery, and to the volar or dorsal digital vein in soft tissue reconstruction of the hand; as well, as to discuss the advantages of this technique.MethodsRetrospective review of all patients who underwent free flap reconstruction of the hand in two institutions over a period of 5 years.ResultsA total of 29 free flaps (9 great toe pulp, 7 anterolateral thigh, 6 second toe pulp, 4 radial artery perforator, 2 partial medial rectus, 1 lateral arm) in 28 patients met our inclusion criteria. All recipient vessels were the proper or common digital artery and the volar or dorsal digital vein. There was one case of venous congestion that resolved with leeching. There was no partial or total loss of any of the flaps.ConclusionAnastomosing soft tissue free flaps to the common or proper digital artery, and the volar or dorsal digital vein is a safe and effective approach with numerous advantages that should be considered in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the hand. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 38:21–25, 2018.
Quantitative assessment of organ distribution of dietary protein‐bound 13C‐labeled Nɛ‐carboxymethyllysine after a chronic oral exposure in mice
Authors: Tessier Frédéric J. , Niquet‐Léridon Céline , Jacolot Philippe , Jouquand Céline , Genin Michaël , Schmidt Ann‐Marie , Grossin Nicolas , Boulanger Eric 
Published: July 2016

ScopeNɛ‐Carboxymethyl‐lysine (CML) is a prominent advanced glycation end‐product which is not only found in vivo but also in food. It is known that a percentage of the dietary CML (dCML) is absorbed into the circulation and only partly excreted in the urine. Several studies have tried to measure how much dCML remains in tissues. However obstacles to interpreting the data have been found.Methods and resultsA new protocol which discriminates dCML from native CML (nCML) has been developed. Three CML isotopes with different mass‐to‐charge ratios were used: nCML Nε‐carboxymethyl‐L‐lysine, dCML Nε‐[13C]carboxy[13C]methyl‐L‐lysine and internal standard Nε‐carboxymethyl‐L‐[4,4,5,5‐2H4]lysine. Wild‐type (n = 7) and RAGE−/− (n = 8) mice were fed for 30 days with either a control, or a BSA‐bound dCML‐enriched diet. Organs were analyzed for nCML and dCML using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Mice exposed to dCML showed an accumulation in all tissues tested except fat. The rate of deposition was high (81–320 μgdCML/g dry matter) in kidneys, intestine, and lungs and low (<5 μg/g) in heart, muscle, and liver. This accumulation was not RAGE dependent.ConclusionThe kidney is not the only organ affected by the accumulation of dCML. Its high accumulation in other tissues and organs may also, however, have important physiological consequences.
Overweight, obesity and the risk of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancers: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Li Liqing , Gan Yong , Li Wenzheng , Wu Chunmei , Lu Zuxun 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveEpidemiological studies have repeatedly investigated the association between excess body weight and the risk of biliary tract cancer with inconsistent results. The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the associations between overweight and obesity and the risk of biliary tract cancer.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up to August 2015 was conducted, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for additional relevant studies were manually searched.ResultsFourteen prospective cohort studies and 15 case–control studies were included in this meta‐analysis. These studies included 11,448,397 participants (6,733 patients with gallbladder cancer [GBC] and 5,798 patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer [EBDC]) with follow‐up durations ranging from 5 to 23 years. Among overweight adults, the pooled RR was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.07–1.28) for GBC and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.14–1.39) for EBDC, and among people with obesity, the pooled RR was 1.62 (95% CI, 1.49–1.75) for GBC and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.21–1.81) for EBDC. Visual inspection of the funnel plots and the Begg's and the Egger's tests did not show enough evidence of publication bias.ConclusionsIntegrated evidence from this meta‐analysis suggests that excess body weight is associated with a significantly increased risk of GBC and EBDC.
Increased rates of body dissatisfaction, depressive symptoms, and suicide attempts in Jamaican teens with sickle cell disease
Authors: Bhatt‐Poulose Komal , James Kenneth , Reid Marvin , Harrison Abigail , Asnani Monika 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to examine the association of body image and weight perceptions with risk of depression and suicidal attempts in Jamaican adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD).MethodsAdolescents with SCD and a national sample of Jamaican adolescents completed a questionnaire examining body image, weight perceptions, and risk for depression.ResultsPerceived and desired body images were similar for both groups. Adolescents with SCD had higher levels of “negative body satisfaction” (43.9% vs. 33.9%; P = 0.03), risk for depression (28.7% vs. 19.3%; P = 0.01), and attempted suicide (12.4% vs. 6.6%; P = 0.02) than national sample. Risk of depression was higher in those who perceived themselves to be over or underweight, and lower in those with more friends and attending school. Females and those with body image dissatisfaction were more likely to have attempted suicide. Within the SCD adolescents, girls were at greater odds of having mental health issues.ConclusionsJamaican adolescents with SCD have significantly higher rates of negative body satisfaction and depressive symptoms, and nearly twice the rate of attempted suicide, compared with their healthy peers. This underscores the need for healthcare professionals to better explore and discuss healthy weight, body satisfaction, and coping with the demands and uncertainties of having a chronic illness with Jamaican adolescents with SCD, even while promoting body acceptance and good self‐esteem. Screening for mood disorders is strongly recommended and gender‐specific interventions should be developed. Healthcare professionals need to encourage positive social interactions that improve adolescents’ mental health.
Cognitive functioning in children from Nigeria with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Oluwole Olubusola B. , Noll Robert B. , Winger Daniel G. , Akinyanju Olu , Novelli Enrico M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is a major neurological complication of sickle cell anemia (SCA) in the United States, but there are limited studies of cognitive impairment in Nigeria, the country with the highest SCA burden. We hypothesized that children from Nigeria with SCA have worse cognitive functioning than comparison children and explored the association between lower cognitive functioning and key laboratory demographic and socioeconomic variables among children with SCA.ProcedureWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey, supplemented by anthropomorphic and laboratory data, among a convenience sample of children from Nigeria with and without SCA. We administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Version IV. Our primary outcome measures included (1) estimated IQ (Est. IQ), (2) working memory (WM), and (3) processing speed (PS).ResultsThe sample included 56 children with SCA (mean age 9.20 [SD 2.75], 46.43% girls) and 44 comparison children (mean age 9.41 [SD 2.49], 40.91% girls). Children with SCA performed worse on Est. IQ (84.58 vs. 96.10, P = 0.006) and PS (86.69 vs 96.91, P = 0.009) than comparison children. There was no significant difference in WM between both groups. Factors associated with lower Est. IQ and PS among children with SCA included age, maternal education, weight‐for‐age Z scores, and height‐for age Z scores.ConclusionIn this small sample of children from Nigeria, we found worse cognitive functioning in children with SCA than in comparison children, and that sociodemographic and anthropomorphic factors were correlated with cognitive functioning.
Haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with posttransplant cyclophosphamide in children and adolescents with hematological malignancies
Authors: González‐Llano Oscar , González‐López Elías Eugenio , Ramírez‐Cázares Ana Carolina , Marcos‐Ramírez Edson René , Ruiz‐Argüelles Guillermo José , Gómez‐Almaguer David 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundHaploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo‐HSCT) using posttransplant cyclophosphamide (Cy) for graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis has emerged as an alternative transplant strategy for patients without related donors, especially in the setting of limited resources in which T‐cell ex vivo depletion is not affordable. Experience with this transplant modality in children and adolescents is limited.ProcedureWe report a retrospective analysis of 25 consecutive outpatients under 21 years of age with high‐risk hematological malignancies, who received a haplo‐HSCT using posttransplant Cy as GVHD prophylaxis.ResultsTwenty‐three (92%) of the 25 patients engrafted, and 20 (95%) of 21 evaluable subjects achieved full donor chimerism by day +30. One‐year estimated overall survival and event‐free survival were 50% and 33%, respectively. The cumulative incidence rate of severe acute GVHD was 19%, and 15% of patients developed chronic GVHD.ConclusionsHaplo‐HSCT with posttransplant Cy is a feasible therapeutic option for children and adolescents with high‐risk hematological malignancies in a limited resource setting.
Paediatric cancer survivors demonstrate a high rate of subclinical renal dysfunction
Authors: Mudi Abdullahi , Levy Cecil Steven , Geel Jennifer Ann , Poole Janet Elizabeth 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundClinical manifestations of renal dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors include hypertension, proteinuria, tubulopathy (and its biochemical consequences) and renal insufficiency. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with renal dysfunction in paediatric cancer survivors at a single centre in Johannesburg.ProcedureA descriptive cross‐sectional study was performed on 130 cancer survivors between 2 and 18 years of age. Physical examination and screening urine dipstick were performed on all patients. Blood results of samples routinely drawn were analysed.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up period of 2 years, the various manifestations of renal dysfunction included decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hypomagnesaemia, hypophosphataemia, proteinuria, haematuria and hypertension. In total, 34 survivors (26.15%) had at least one manifestation of renal dysfunction after completing treatment. The most prevalent manifestation of renal dysfunction was decreased eGFR (17.7%) followed by hypomagnesaemia (6.2%) and hypophosphataemia (4.6%). Patients with pre‐existing renal dysfunction were three times more likely to have renal dysfunction post‐treatment (P = 0.020). Ifosfamide (P = 0.010) and nephrectomy (P = 0.003) had independent significant impact on reduction in eGFR. High cumulative ifosfamide doses were identified as a possible cause for hypophosphataemia (P = 0.021).ConclusionWhile not clinically evident in the early follow‐up period, the high rate of renal dysfunction is concerning. We suggest that patients with pre‐existing renal dysfunction should be assessed by a nephrologist prior to initiation of cancer therapy, and nephro‐protective measures should be employed stringently in all children with cancer. Patients with decreased eGFR should be followed up closely in a multidisciplinary late effects clinic.