bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of three screening questions (3Q/TMD) in relation to the DC/TMD
Authors: Lövgren A. , Visscher C. M. , Häggman‐Henrikson B. , Lobbezoo F. , Marklund S. , Wänman A. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common but seem to be largely undetected within general dental care. To improve dentists’ awareness of these symptoms, three screening questions (3Q/TMD) have been introduced. Our aim was to validate 3Q/TMD in relation to the diagnostic criteria for TMD (DC/TMD), while taking into account the severity level of the symptoms. The study population consisted of 7831 individuals 20–69 years old, who had their routine dental check‐up at the Public Dental Health Service in Västerbotten, Sweden. All patients answered a health declaration, including the 3Q/TMD regarding frequent temporomandibular pain, pain on movement and catching/locking of the jaw. All 3Q‐positives (at least one affirmative) were invited for examination in randomised order. For each 3Q‐positive, a matched 3Q‐negative was invited. In total, 152 3Q‐positives and 148 3Q‐negatives participated. At examination, participants answered 3Q/TMD a second time, before they were examined and diagnosed according to DC/TMD. To determine symptom's severity, the Graded Chronic Pain Scale and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale‐20 (JFLS‐20) were used. In total, 74% of 3Q‐positives and 16% of 3Q‐negatives met the criteria for DC/TMD pain or dysfunction (disc displacements with reduction and degenerative joint disorder were excluded). Fifty‐five per cent of 3Q‐positives had a TMD diagnosis and CPI score ≥3 or a JFLS‐20 score ≥5, compared to 4% of 3Q‐negatives. The results show that the 3Q/TMD is an applicable, cost‐effective and valid tool for screening a general adult population to recognise patients in need of further TMD examination and management.
Ring Rest Seat Design for Severely Tilted Molar Abutment Tooth: An Alternative Option
Authors: AlHelal Abdulaziz , Kattadiyil Mathew T. , Jekki Balsam 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA ring rest was used for a buccally inclined distal third molar, which served as an abutment for a distal extension Kennedy class II removable partial denture (RPD). This report describes in detail the ring rest design, which offers a conservative treatment option while complying with RPD principles. The design also allowed use of existing occlusal contact on the maxillary third molar without resulting in an overcontoured clasp design. Preparation technique for the rest, along with rationale for selection and design, is discussed. The need for other adjunctive treatment options was also avoided by using the inclination of the maxillary third molar, thereby providing a conservative, cost‐effective, and time‐efficient alternative treatment.
Pex14/17, a filamentous fungus‐specific peroxin, is required for the import of peroxisomal matrix proteins and full virulence ofMagnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Li Ling , Wang Jiaoyu , Chen Haili , Chai Rongyao , Zhang Zhen , Mao Xueqin , Qiu Haiping , Jiang Hua , Wang Yanli , Sun Guochang 
Published: August 2016

SummaryPeroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles in eukaryotic cells that fulfil a variety of biochemical functions. The biogenesis of peroxisomes requires a variety of proteins, named peroxins, which are encoded byPEXgenes. Pex14/17 is a putative recently identified peroxin, specifically present in filamentous fungal species. Its function in peroxisomal biogenesis is still obscure and its roles in fungal pathogenicity have not yet been documented. Here, we demonstrate the contributions of Pex14/17 in the rice blast fungusMagnaporthe oryzae(Mopex14/17) to peroxisomal biogenesis and fungal pathogenicity by targeting gene replacement strategies. Mopex14/17 has properties of both Pex14 and Pex17 with regard to its protein sequence. Mopex14/17 is distributed at the peroxisomal membrane and is essential for efficient peroxisomal targeting of proteins containing peroxisomal targeting signal 1.MoPEX19deletion leads to the cytoplasmic distribution of Mopex14/17, indicating that the peroxisomal import of Pex14/17 is dependent on Pex19. The knockout mutants ofMoPEX14/17show reduced fatty acid utilization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) degradation and cell wall integrity. Moreover, Δmopex14/17mutants show delayed conidial generation and appressorial formation, and a reduction in appressorial turgor accumulation and penetration ability in host plants. These defects result in a significant reduction in the virulence of the mutant. These data indicate thatMoPEX14/17plays a crucial role in peroxisome biogenesis and contributes to fungal development and pathogenicity.
Multicentre study of treatment outcomes in Australian adolescents and young adults commencing dialysis
Authors: Krischock Leah , Kennedy Sean E , Hayen Andrew 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of the study is to improve the understanding of outcomes and complications of dialysis in adolescents and young adults (AYA) to inform decisions about dialysis modality in this patient population.MethodsRegistry data on Australian AYA aged 13 to 20 years who commenced dialysis between 1/1/2000 and 31/12/2013 were retrieved from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplantation Registry and analyzed to determine associations between demographic characteristics, dialysis modality and outcomes.ResultsDuring the study period 300 AYA commenced dialysis at a median age of 17.2 years (IQR 15.6 to 18.6 years). Haemodialysis (HD) was the initial dialysis modality in 201 patients (67%). No significant differences between AYA receiving HD and peritoneal dialysis (PD) were noted in patient gender, age, race, primary renal disease, treating centre type, remoteness of residential area, lateness of referral or period of study.Mean haemoglobin levels were lower in the HD group (P = 0.005) and significantly fewer HD patients attended school full time compared to patients managed on PD (P = 0.002 first year; P = 0.05 second year).ConclusionDialysis modality choice does not appear to be influenced by patient characteristics nor dialysis outcomes. Future research is required to examine the reasons that HD is preferred over PD and to determine the optimal method of dialysis for this age group.
Towards integration of population and comparative genomics in forest trees
Authors: Ingvarsson Pär K. , Hvidsten Torgeir R. , Street Nathaniel R. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe past decade saw the initiation of an ongoing revolution in sequencing technologies that is transforming all fields of biology. This has been driven by the advent and widespread availability of high‐throughput, massively parallel short‐read sequencing (MPS) platforms. These technologies have enabled previously unimaginable studies, including draft assemblies of the massive genomes of coniferous species and population‐scale resequencing. Transcriptomics studies have likewise been transformed, with RNA‐sequencing enabling studies in nonmodel organisms, the discovery of previously unannotated genes (novel transcripts), entirely new classes of RNAs and previously unknown regulatory mechanisms. Here we touch upon current developments in the areas of genome assembly, comparative regulomics and population genetics as they relate to studies of forest tree species.

Contents

Summary
338

I.
Genome assembly
338

II.
Comparative genomics
339

III.
Population genomics
340

IV.
Future directions
342

Acknowledgements
343

References
343
Asymmetric and nonlinear pass‐through relationship between oil and other commodities
Authors: Irandoust Manuchehr 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThere are very few studies on the asymmetric relationship between crude oil prices and the prices of other commodities. Using the recently developed multivariate hidden cointegration technique, the results indicate that there exists a long‐run and asymmetric relationship between crude oil prices and the price of other commodities. The policy implication of our results is that crude oil as a strategic resource plays an important role in commodity markets and regardless of whether the commodity market is in a boom period or a downturn, the volatility of crude oil prices always affects other commodity prices.
Analysing the efficiency of renewable energy consumption among oil‐producing African countries
Authors: Ackah Ishmael , Alabi Oluwafisayo , Lartey Abraham 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAfrica's growth over the past two decades has been unprecedented. However, access to modern forms of energy seems to be a major hurdle for most African countries even though renewable energy sources abound. It has been argued that, knowledge of demand determinants and estimates help to guide investment and policy design in the energy industry. This study therefore examined the efficiency of renewable energy consumption. Furthermore, it investigated the effect of carbon emissions, GDP per capita, energy resource depletion and human capital development on renewable energy demand in 10 African countries. A dynamic panel generalised method of moments, panel fixed‐effect and a panel random‐effect models were applied. The results suggest that economic growth, energy prices, carbon emissions and energy resource depletion significantly affect renewable energy demand in one or all the models. The study recommends that to promote renewable energy consumption, economic welfare of the population should be enhanced.
Astigmatism in underserved rural areas: a population based study
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Nabovati Payam , Malekifar Azam , Yekta Abbasali , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Jafarzadehpur Ebrahim , Khabazkhoob Mehdi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeStudying the prevalence of astigmatism and its related factors in underprivileged rural areas in Iran.MethodsUsing random cluster sampling, two rural areas in the north and southwest of Iran were randomly selected, and 3851 persons over 1 year of age were invited to the study. In addition to recording demographics, retinoscopic refraction was conducted using baseline auto‐refraction results. The prevalence of astigmatism was determined based on cylinder error cut‐off points of 0.50 dioptre (D), 1.00, 2.00 and 3.00 D. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess variables’ relationship with astigmatism.ResultsThe prevalence of astigmatism as a cylinder error greater than 0.50 D was 35.6% (95% CI: 33.7–37.6); this was 34.0% (95% CI: 31.4–36.6) in women and 36.9% (95% CI: 33.9–39.9) in men. The lowest prevalence was seen in the 6–20 year old age group (13.6%) and the highest prevalence was found in individuals older than 70 years (82.5%). In the multiple logistic regression model, age and education level were significantly related to astigmatism. The prevalence rates of with‐the‐rule (WTR), against‐the‐rule (ATR), and oblique astigmatism were respectively 15.0%, 17.2%, and 3.5%. The prevalence of WTR astigmatism decreased with age, while the prevalence of ATR (and oblique astigmatism to a lesser extent) increased.ConclusionThe prevalence of astigmatism was similar to previous studies; however, there were considerable age‐related changes. In particular, the prevalence of astigmatism in elderly people was substantial and of concern, particularly given that virtually none of this age group were wearing distance spectacles.
Structure and homology ofPsittacosaurustail bristles
Authors: Mayr Gerald , Pittman Michael , Saitta Evan , Kaye Thomas G. , Vinther Jakob 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe examined bristle‐like appendages on the tail of the Early Cretaceous basal ceratopsian dinosaurPsittacosauruswith laser‐stimulated fluorescence imaging. Our study reveals previously unknown details of these structures and confirms their identification as integumentary appendages. For the first time, we show that most bristles appear to be arranged in bundles and that they exhibit a pulp that widens towards the bristle base. We consider it likely that the psittacosaur bristles are structurally and developmentally homologous to similar filamentous appendages of other dinosaurs, namely the basal heterodontosauridTianyulongand the basal therizinosauroid theropodBeipiaosaurus, and attribute the greater robustness of the bristles ofPsittacosaurusto a higher degree of cornification and calcification of its integument (both skin and bristles). Although the psittacosaur bristles are probably homologous with avian feathers in their origin from discrete cell populations, it is uncertain whether they developed from a follicle, one of the developmental hallmarks of true feathers. In particular, we note a striking resemblance between the psittacosaur bristles and the cornified spine on the head of the horned screamer,Anhima cornuta, an extant anseriform bird. Similar, albeit thinner keratinous filaments of extant birds are the ‘beard’ of the turkey,Meleagris gallopavo, and the crown of the Congo peafowl,Afropavo congensis. All of these structures of extant birds are distinct from true feathers, and because at least the turkey beard does not develop from follicles, detailed future studies of their development would be invaluable towards deepening our understanding of dinosaur filamentous integumentary structures.
Found Guilty by Association: In Defence of the Quinean Criterion
Authors: Egerton Karl 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMuch recent work in metaontology challenges the so‐called ‘Quinean tradition’ in metaphysics. Especially prominently, Amie Thomasson argues for a highly permissive ontology over ontologies which eliminate many entities. I am concerned with disputing not her ontological claim, but the methodology behind her rejection of eliminativism – I focus on ordinary objects. Thomasson thinks that by endorsing the Quinean criterion of ontological commitment eliminativism goes wrong; a theory eschewing quantification over a kind may nonetheless be committed to its existence. I argue that, contrary to Thomasson's claims, we should retain the Quinean criterion. Her arguments show that many eliminativist positions are flawed, but their flaws lie elsewhere: the Quinean criterion is innocent. Showing why reveals the importance of pragmatism in ontology.In §1 I compare Thomasson's account and the eliminativist views to which it stands in opposition. In §2 I re‐construct Thomasson's reasons for rejecting the Quinean criterion. In §3 I defend the Quinean criterion, showing that the eliminativists’ flaws are not consequences of applying the Quinean criterion, before explaining the criterion's importance when properly understood. I conclude that Thomasson, though right to criticise the methodology of ordinary‐object eliminativists, is wrong to identify the Quinean criterion as the source of their mistake.
Religion and Latin drama in the early modern Low Countries
Authors: Bloemendal Jan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the Low Countries were a melting pot of religious beliefs: Roman Catholicism and several Protestant and Catholic Reformation movements coexisted together, the ‘radical Reformation movement’ of the Anabaptists, the ‘militant movement’ of Calvinism, and the more mild variant of Lutheranism. The Southern part of the Low Countries were ‘re‐catholicized’ after the Fall of Antwerp in 1585, and the Counter‐ Reformation was active there. Authors of several denominations wrote Latin plays. In this article I will look at the theology represented in some of these plays, particularly those of Macropedius and Laurimanus as examples of Roman Catholic (non‐Jesuit) plays; those of Lummenaeus a Marca and Libenius as examples of Jesuit drama; and those of Gnapheus as examples of Protestant theatrical writing. Thus, it will be possible to draw some general conclusions about religion, theology and confessionalization in neo‐Latin drama of the Low Countries.
Byzantine tragedy in Restoration England: Joseph Simons's Zeno and Sir William Killigrew's The Imperial Tragedy
Authors: Shell Alison 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe history of the Byzantine era is rich in dramatic potential, and was extensively exploited by writers of continental Catholic school and college drama in the early modern period. However, it was hardly ever drawn upon within Tudor and Stuart professional drama. One exception to this rule is Zeno, written by Joseph Simons SJ, freely adapted by Sir William Killigrew and printed in 1669 under the title The Imperial Tragedy. Killigrew's play is also unusual because plays written and performed in the English Catholic colleges on the continent during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were very seldom acknowledged, printed or adapted on the English mainland.The adaptation suggests a personal relationship between the two playwrights. Simons was attached to the London court at this period as Jesuit Provincial; Killigrew, a courtier, appears to have been on friendly terms with Simons in the late 1660s, and to have wanted to pay him a compliment by adapting his play. However, he printed it anonymously, not mentioning either Simons's name or his own. It is likely that he did this because Simons was a controversial associate: not least for his influence over the future James II, whom he converted to Roman Catholicism. Killigrew appended a tantalising title page to his work, suggesting that there was more to his anonymity than mere modesty, and came clean about his authorship to the semi‐private audience with which he also shared his revisions: an audience which included at least one individual with a pronounced interest in religious toleration.At this time, the gift of books could cement literary and personal alliances, and manuscript circulation could define friendship and patronage networks. The two surviving copies of The Imperial Tragedy annotated by Killigrew give us something in between: a case study of how an author's previously printed material could be personalized by religiously sensitive manuscript additions for an inner circle.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer Coefficient in an Automobile Radiator Using Multi Walled Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNTS)
Authors: Ramaraju Ramgopal Varma , Kota Manikantan , Manap Hadi Bin , Veeredhi Vasudeva Rao 
Published: August 2016

Enhancement of heat transfer coefficient continues to be an important research area in various fields of engineering ranging from microelectronics to high powered automobiles. The initial effort in the present research study is to enhance the heat transfer coefficient in a vehicle radiator using nanofluids with high thermal conductivity. The world’s most abundant element ‘Carbon’ astoundingly exists in various structures and one such form is tube commonly known as Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs). Heat transfer enhancement in water and coolant based systems with different concentrations of nano particles (carbon nanotubes) have been investigated from an engineering system perspective. One such system considered is a “SUZUKI (800CC) - CAR RADIATOR”, cooling circuit using different nanofluids to replace the conventional engine coolant. In the present study, the effect of nano-fluid heat transfer to enhance in water and coolant based systems with multi walled carbon nanotubes has been investigated. The improvement of heat transfer when compared to water, coolant (water + ethylene glycol 60:40) and water with MWCNTS and coolant with MWCNTS has been studied.
It has been observed that there is an enhancement of heat transfer up to 30% when coolant and CNTS are used as a cooling medium.
Analytical and Experimental Study to Predict Radiated Heat Power Between a Satellite and Thermal Shroud
Authors: Schwendtner Daniel T. , Amin M. Ruhul , Klumpar David M. 
Published: August 2016

Nanosatellites, a class of small satellites, are becoming increasingly popular because of their small form factor and many other attractive features. In the process of qualifying nanosatellites for space readiness, their thermal behavior can be investigated in a laboratory setup using a thermal vacuum system to mimic orbital conditions. For these reasons, a thermal vacuum system suited specifically for nanosatellites was desired for performing thermal vacuum testing. Analytical calculations and laboratory testing were performed as part of the design of this thermal vacuum system. A set of simultaneous equations was solved using the LU Decomposition method to find the radiosities of several surfaces in an enclosure. The radiosities along with their respective view factors were then used to solve for the heat power required to heat and cool the thermal shroud under steady state conditions at the most extreme operating conditions expected. The analysis was performed on a system of three concentric cylinders of varying heights: the outer being the vacuum chamber wall, the middle the thermal shroud inside the chamber, and the inner the satellite.
Under the most extreme operating conditions expected, the thermal shroud was cooled to −40°C and the satellite heated to 80°C during satellite cooling and the reverse during satellite heating. All surfaces in the enclosure were assumed to be diffuse, grey, opaque and isothermal. The thermal shroud was separated into two surfaces: the cylindrical shroud body and the shroud top disc. From the analytical results, the expected heating power for the shroud body was found to be 704.0 Watts, and 229.8 Watts for the shroud top. During cooling, where the temperatures were reversed, the expected heat power for the shroud body was calculated as −685.5 Watts, and −220.9 Watts for the shroud top.
An experimental setup was tested under similar conditions as a comparison and as a method to validate the thermal shroud design and the analytical calculations. The shroud body and top heaters were selected to output 750 Watts and 230 Watts, respectively, and were driven at their maximum output, with the satellite held at −40°C. The shroud reached 80°C with no difficulty, indicating that the analytical calculations had correctly predicted the required heat power and that the design of the thermal shroud was capable of supporting testing under the most extreme conditions expected.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Thermal Management of an Outdoor Battery Cabinet
Authors: Meng X. Z. , Lu Z. , Su L. J. , Luo X. L. , Wei L. C. , Jin L. W. , Chai J. 
Published: August 2016

Many forms of electronic equipment, of necessity, must be located in an outdoor environment. Such equipment in typical form may be battery packs or telecom-equipment. It is essential that these facilities be protected from a wide range of ambient temperatures and solar radiation. To this end, cabinet enclosures with proper thermal management have been developed to house such electronic equipment in a highly weather tight manner, especially for battery cabinet. Often the batteries are of a lead-acid construction which is known to be adversely affected by temperature extremes in terms of battery performance and life. Therefore, it is important to maintain the cabinet temperature ideally for ensuring battery stability and extending battery lifespan.
In this paper, physical and mathematical models are established to investigate the flow field and temperature distribution inside an outdoor cabinet, which contains 24 batteries with two configurations of two-layer and six-layer respectively. The cabinet walls are maintained at a constant temperature by a refrigeration system and the ambient temperature is up to 50 °C according to the practical situation. The flow field and temperature distribution are analyzed with and without consideration of solar radiation. An experimental facility is then developed to measure the battery surface temperatures and to validate the numerical simulation. The differences between the CFD and experimental results are within 2%, which confirms the CFD model.