bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of added effects and their frequency dependence in various fluid–structure interaction problems
Authors: Urban Ondřej , Pochylý František , Habán Vladimír 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on a fluid–structure interaction topic—the determination of added effects caused by fluid forces acting on a body, considering the standard linear equation of motion. We present various problems that assume small-displacement oscillations of single and multiple bodies in inviscid irrotational (potential) flow or viscous incompressible flow in both closed domain and external flow. For inviscid flow, effects of geometric parameters on the added effects were studied. The presented results extend results known from the literature. For viscous flow, frequency dependence of the added effects was studied for a wide range of frequency. The added effects were computed from data from numerical simulations of fluid flow, where the body oscillations were modeled using the dynamic mesh approach. Effects of the phase shift caused by the dynamic mesh were addressed. The added mass was compared with the corresponding value determined for inviscid flow where applicable. The results show strong dependence of the added effects on many parameters, making their proper computation challenging even for simplified cases.
Association between statin usage and mortality outcomes in aging U.S. cancer survivors: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Ding Shan , Yang Fengling , Lai Pan , Jiang Weiwen , Chen Minze , Ge Yijun , Zhou Liting , Chen Shaozhuang , Zhang Jiaqi , Ye Yanrong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The population of Aging cancer survivors in the United States has surged to over 16.9 million. Research on the relationship between statin usage and post-cancer survival rates remains limited.

Aims
This study aims to investigate the association between statin use and various causes of mortality among aging cancer survivors.

Methods
We analyzed NHANES data from 1999 to 2018, Statin usage, both hydrophilic and lipophilic, was derived from NHANES prescription records. We utilized Cox proportional hazards models to associate statin utilization with mortality, differentiating causes of death according to statin type and patterns of use.

Results
Within a cohort of 2,968 participants, statin usage was categorized into non-users (1,738), hydrophilic statin users (216), and lipophilic statin users (982). Compared to those who did not use statins, individuals prescribed hydrophilic statins did not show a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72–1.41; P = 0.960), as outlined in Model 3. In contrast, the group receiving lipophilic statins exhibited a notable decrease in all-cause mortality risk (adjusted HR, 0.77; P = 0.003). Nonetheless, both hydrophilic and lipophilic statins were effective in diminishing the risk associated with cancer from its onset until death, with hydrophilic statins showing a greater level of efficacy.

Discussion
The potential of statins to reduce cancer-related mortality may provide avenues for targeted clinical interventions and management strategies.

Conclusions
Our study reveals that the use of lipophilic statins is significantly associated with lower all-cause and cancer-cause mortality risks among aging cancer survivors.
Long-term outcome of Graves’ orbitopathy following treatment with sirolimus
Authors: Comi Simone , Cosentino Giada , Lanzolla Giulia , Menconi Francesca , Maglionico Maria Novella , Posarelli Chiara , Latrofa Francesco , Rocchi Roberto , Figus Michele , Santini Ferruccio , Marinò Michele 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Sirolimus was found to be associated with a better outcome of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) at 24 weeks compared to methylprednisolone. We conducted a retrospective study to investigate its efficacy and safety over a longer period.

Methods
Data from 40 consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe, active GO, 20 treated with sirolimus and 20 with methylprednisolone, were collected. Primary outcome: overall outcome (composite evaluation) of GO at 48 weeks. Secondary outcomes: (1) GO outcome at 24 weeks, and, at 24 and 48 weeks: (2) outcome of single eye features; (3) quality of life (GO-QoL); (4) TSH-receptor antibodies; (5) GO relapse at 48 weeks; (6) adverse events.

Results
The overall GO outcome at 48 weeks did not differ between the two groups (responders: 55% vs 55%). At 24 weeks, prevalence of responders was greater in sirolimus group (65% vs 25%; P = 0.01). A reduction ≥ 1 point in clinical activity score (CAS) was more frequent in sirolimus patients at 24 (85% vs 40%; P = 0.005) and 48 weeks (75% vs 60%; P = 0.03). The proportion of GO-QoL responders (appearance subscale) at 24 weeks was greater in sirolimus group (62.5% vs 26.3%; P = 0.03). No difference was observed for the remaining outcome measures.

Conclusions
Treatment with sirolimus is followed by a greater overall response of GO compared with methylprednisolone at 24 weeks, but not at 48 weeks, when only CAS is affected. A more prolonged period of treatment may be required for a better outcome to be observed over a longer period.
Lattice sums of I-Bessel functions, theta functions, linear codes and heat equations
Authors: Hasegawa Takehiro , Saigo Hayato , Saito Seiken , Sugiyama Shingo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe extend a certain type of identities on sums of I-Bessel functions on lattices, previously given by G. Chinta, J. Jorgenson, A. Karlsson and M. Neuhauser. Moreover we prove that, with continuum limit, the transformation formulas of theta functions such as the Dedekind eta function can be given by I-Bessel lattice sum identities with characters. We consider analogues of theta functions of lattices coming from linear codes and show that sums of I-Bessel functions defined by linear codes can be expressed by complete weight enumerators. We also prove that I-Bessel lattice sums appear as solutions of heat equations on general lattices. As a further application, we obtain an explicit solution of the heat equation on $${\textbf{Z}}^n$$

Z

n

whose initial condition is given by a linear code.
An insight about roll damping within the second generation intact stability criteria
Authors: Petacco Nicola , Pollicardo Andrea , Gualeni Paola 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite the recognized complexity to estimate the damping influence on ship roll motion, some efficient semi-empirical methodologies have been developed along the years to this purpose. CFD methods, in principle the most appropriate tools to predict roll damping, are not a favorite option in preliminary design at present due to their implications in terms of complexity and computational time. In this paper, an integration of the semi-empirical Ikeda’s simplified method has been formulated with modification of the bilge keels and lift components, following a contribution found in the literature and relevant for Ro–Ro ships. Moreover, with focus on damping evaluation, the second generation intact stability criteria (SGISc) have been investigated: the second-level vulnerability criteria for dead ship condition and parametric roll have been applied to a Ro–Ro passenger ship. Both the consolidated and the new proposed roll damping prediction methods have been implemented in order to appreciate their effects on the final outcome.
Self-presenting in Front of a Friendly Female Audience Increases Young Men Risk-taking in the Iowa Gambling Task
Authors: Ponzi Davide , Kraft Jacob , DeMond Grant 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
During intersex interactions heterosexual men show a temporary cognitive impairment and an increase in risky behaviors. These effects have been interpreted as caused by the negative emotion and stress experienced by men attempting to produce a positive impression of themselves. Under this line of reasoning men’s cognitive performance during a heterosexual interaction is maladaptive and perhaps it could be improved when the audience or target of men’s public performance express positive, supportive feedback.

Methods
Fifty-eight heterosexual young males were asked to provide a self-presentation and to perform a difficult arithmetical task in front of two female confederates. One group of men interacted with a negative unsupportive audience while the other group interacted with a friendly and supportive audience. We tested men’s decision making in the Iowa Gambling Task after they engaged in this public performance task.

Results
We found that men self-presenting in front of a friendly female audience engaged in more risky decision making during the last two blocks of the Iowa Gambling Task. There were no differences in parameters of cardiovascular reactivity and no differences of perceived judge’s attractiveness between the two groups. Men exposed to the unfriendly female audience perceived the female judge as more interested in them.

Conclusion
When heterosexual men self-present and perform in front of a supportive and friendly female audience their risk-taking in the Iowa Gambling Task increases but the exact mechanism leading to this behavior requires further study.
Uncertainty of climate models and policy implications: a European perspective
Authors: Greiner Alfred 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper we show that both climate models and economic models studying the effects of climate change are characterized by high uncertainty. Hence, far reaching policy implications such as the net zero goal lack a definite scientific foundation. Nevertheless, it cannot be excluded that the continued global warming will go along with high damages in the future. Therefore, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions could be justified due to the precautionary motif. However, there are strong signals from non-European economic regions that they definitely put a higher weight on economic growth rather than on greenhouse gas mitigation. The reduction of greenhouse gases in the European Union cause tremendous costs without influencing the climate on earth. Further, these investments do not raise the aggregate stock of productive capital nor do they lead to factor augmenting technical progress. Therefore, the net zero goal of the Green Deal of the European Union is to be seen sceptical.
Design for steel structures deconstruction: an analytics system for construction waste minimization in a circular economy through BIM technology
Authors: Mohammed Alaa , Ghannam Mohamed , Elmasoudi Islam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on shifting from traditional demolition methods to more sustainable deconstruction procedures in the steel structures building sector, specifically through Design for Deconstruction (DfD) techniques. The aim is to identify factors for BIM for deconstruction (BIMfD) implementation in Egypt’s construction industry and create a BIM-based Deconstructability Assessment Score (BIM-DAS). A literature review is conducted to determine the design principles for effective building deconstruction, the performance evaluation of DfD, and existing views on BIM implementation. The development of the BIM-DAS & SP includes mathematical modelling rooted in material demand planning. The model was implemented in Building Information Modelling (BIM) environment and it was tested using a case study design. Custom parameters related to deconstruction are added and used in the mathematical model to calculate DAS and salvage performance (SP), followed by a questionnaire and analytical hierarchy process analysis. These findings highlight demountable connections and reusable components as crucial drivers of DfD. Also, the results show that the key variables affecting BIMfD deployment include the availability and acceptance of BIM tools for deconstruction technology among industry professionals, and collaboration between project design and deconstruction teams through integrated platforms. This study demonstrates the usefulness of BIM-DAS and SP as indicators of efficient disassembly of buildings. This study will benefit all stakeholders in designing steel structure deconstruction by providing baseline specifications and a hierarchical model for implementing the BIMfD using current software tools. The results provide the needed technological support for developing tools for BIM-compliant DfD tools in Egypt to encourage deconstruction.
Carbon fiber and carbon fiber composites—creating defects for superior material properties
Authors: Nitai Ashis Sutradhar , Chowdhury Tonny , Inam Md Nafis , Rahman Md Saifur , Mondal Md Ibrahim H. , Johir M. A. H. , Hessel Volker , Fattah Islam Md Rizwanul , Kalam Md Abul , Suwaileh Wafa Ali , Zhou John L. , Zargar Masoumeh , Ahmed Mohammad Boshir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent years have seen a rise in the use of carbon fiber (CF) and its composite applications in several high-tech industries, such as the design of biomedical sensor components, 3D virtual process networks in automotive and aerospace parts, and artificial materials or electrodes for energy storage batteries. Since pristine CF have limited properties, their properties are often modified through a range of technologies, such as laser surface treatment, electron-beam irradiation grafting, plasma or chemical treatments, electrophoretic deposition, carbonization, spinning-solution or melt, electrospinning, and sol–gel, to greatly improve their properties and performance. These procedures cause faulty structures to emerge in CF. The characteristics and performances of CF (thermo-electric conductivity, resistivity, stress tolerance, stiffness and elasticity, chemical resistivity, functionality, electrochemical properties, etc.) vary greatly depending on the modification technique used. Thus, the purpose of this review is to demonstrate how the insertion of faults can result in the production of superior CF. The characteristics of CF defects were examined using a variety of analytical techniques, such as defect-forming chemistry, molecular organization, and ground-level chemistries like their crystallinities. Finally, some future work is also included.
Graphical abstract
Entrepreneurship teaching exercises: integrating generative AI
Authors: Darnell Jamey A. , Gopalkrishnan Shalini 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) software has recently increased exponentially. Generative AI capabilities have moved from fiction to fact. This technology is changing the way we engage in Entrepreneurship, research it, and teach it. The significant impact on Entrepreneurship teaching is the focus of this paper. Any instructor, regardless of tech background, can and should be integrating AI into their courses right now. We describe and discuss our experience with this process and our deliberative approach to creating value for students. We also provide several templates of Entrepreneurship exercises that will appeal to a variety of students and can be integrated in virtually any Entrepreneurship course.
The asymptotic-numerical method for the post-buckling response of curvilinearly stiffened panels
Authors: Foligno P.P. , Yan C.A. , Vescovini R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the present work, the asymptotic-numerical method is applied in conjunction with the Ritz method as a powerful mean for analysing the post-buckling response of panels with variable stiffness skin and curvilinear stringers. Main advantage of the proposed approach is the reduced computational time. The Ritz method guarantees an excellent ratio between accuracy and required degrees of freedom; the asymptotic-numerical method requires just one matrix inversion throughout the solution process. Moreover, the complete analytical representation of the non-linear equilibrium path is obtained, as opposed to the point-by-point representation of predictor-corrector algorithms. Several test cases are presented and compared with standard Newton-Raphson computations and commercial finite element simulations. The results show noticeable saving of computational time. For the test cases investigated, the asymptotic-numerical method requires about one third of the time required by a standard Newton-Raphson routine. These results demonstrate that the combination between Ritz and the asymptotic-numerical method is an excellent strategy for investigating the post-buckling response of innovative curvilinearly stiffened panels.
Respiratory virus infections in symptomatic and asymptomatic children upon hospital admission: new insights
Authors: Most Zachary M. , Perl Trish M. , Sebert Michael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjective:Describe and compare the prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic or recently resolved respiratory infections in hospitalized children.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Three hospital primary-to-quaternary care pediatric healthcare system.Patients:People less than 22 years old who underwent admission screening for respiratory viruses using a multitarget polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel from August 2020 through April 2022.Methods:The symptom status of each patient was recorded by the ordering provider. The prevalence of each virus was described comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Results for each virus were stratified by age group and trends were examined over time.Results:Of the 32,812 eligible PCR panels collected, 12,965 (39.5%), 18,651 (56.8%), and 1,196 (3.6%) were obtained from patients who were symptomatic, asymptomatic, or had missing or unknown symptom status, respectively. Symptomatic patients were much more likely to test positive for a respiratory virus (67.3% vs 27.0%). The most common viruses detected in asymptomatic patients were rhinovirus/enterovirus (18.0%), SARS-CoV-2 (3.6%), and parainfluenza viruses (2.3%). The odds ratio of testing positive when symptomatic was significantly greater than unity for all viruses but varied by virus and age group. The proportion of positive tests for each virus was dynamic and changed with intermittent epidemics, or viral “waves.”Conclusions:More than one-quarter of children without respiratory symptoms admitted to a pediatric healthcare system had PCR-detectable respiratory viruses. Children with symptoms of a respiratory infection are nevertheless much more likely to have a respiratory virus detected by PCR.
Importance of risk adjusting central line-associated bloodstream infection rates in children
Authors: Srinivasan Lakshmi , Oliver Ashley , Huang Yuan-shung V , Shu Di , Donnelly Kait M , Harrison Cecelia , Roberts Amy L. , Keren Ron 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjective:Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is one of the most prevalent pediatric healthcare-associated infections and is used to benchmark hospital performance. Pediatric patients have increased in acuity and complexity over time. Existing approaches to risk adjustment do not control for individual patient characteristics, which are strong predictors of CLABSI risk and vary over time. Our objective was to develop a risk adjustment model for CLABSI in hospitalized children and compare observed to expected rates over time.Design and Setting:We conducted a prospective cohort study using electronic health record data at a quaternary Children’s Hospital.Patients:We included hospitalized children with central catheters.Methods:Risk factors identified from published literature were considered for inclusion in multivariable modeling based on association with CLABSI risk in bivariable analysis and expert input. We calculated observed and expected (risk model-adjusted) annual CLABSI rates.Results:Among 16,411 patients with 520,209 line days, 633 patients experienced 796 CLABSIs. The final model included age, behavioral health condition, non-English speaking, oncology service, port catheter type, catheter dwell time, lymphatic condition, total parenteral nutrition, and number of organ systems requiring ICU level care. For every organ system receiving ICU level care the odds ratio for CLABSI was 1.24 (95% CI 1.12–1.37). Although not statistically different, observed rates were lower than expected rates for later years.Conclusions:Failure to adjust for patient factors, particularly acuity and complexity of disease, may miss clinically significant differences in CLABSI rates, and may lead to inaccurate interpretation of the impact of quality improvement efforts.
Boundary crossing problems and functional transformations for Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes
Authors: Ahari Aria , Alili Larbi , Tamborrino Massimiliano 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWe are interested in the law of the first passage time of an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process to time-varying thresholds. We show that this problem is connected to the laws of the first passage time of the process to members of a two-parameter family of functional transformations of a time-varying boundary. For specific values of the parameters, these transformations appear in a realisation of a standard Ornstein–Uhlenbeck bridge. We provide three different proofs of this connection. The first is based on a similar result for Brownian motion, the second uses a generalisation of the so-called Gauss–Markov processes, and the third relies on the Lie group symmetry method. We investigate the properties of these transformations and study the algebraic and analytical properties of an involution operator which is used in constructing them. We also show that these transformations map the space of solutions of Sturm–Liouville equations into the space of solutions of the associated nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Lastly, we interpret our results through the method of images and give new examples of curves with explicit first passage time densities.
When more is less: the impact of multimorphemic words on learning word meaning
Authors: Omar Niveen , Banai Karen , Nir Bracha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMonomorphemic words have been found to influence category formation, as they encode one general category and thus activate it more than other related categories in the same lexical network. On the other hand, multimorphemic words can encode multiple categories from the same network by the multiple forms they combine. Superordinate categories are encoded by sub-lexical forms (e.g., affixes), while the entire words encode lower categories in the hierarchical structure. In the present study, we asked whether sub-lexical forms influence the learning of the meaning encoded by the entire word they underlie. We used Semitic-like words where sub-lexical forms (syllabic patterns) encode superordinate categories of manner-of-motion, and the entire words encode lower-level categories (moving characters). In our main experiment, a word-learning test showed that a shared syllabic pattern had a negative effect on the learning of the moving characters encoded by the entire word. This effect was revealed mainly in dimensions related to the superordinate category encoded by the pattern. The effect and its direction are beyond the expectations of enhanced category representations suggested in previous literature. We conclude that the effect of word-form is beyond the specific category they encode and can have different directions at different hierarchical levels.