bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eddy Generation and Jet Formation via Dense Water Outflows across the Antarctic Continental Slope
Authors: Stewart Andrew L. , Thompson Andrew F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAlong various stretches of the Antarctic margins, dense Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) escapes its formation sites and descends the continental slope. This export necessarily raises the isopycnals associated with lighter density classes over the continental slope, resulting in density surfaces that connect the near-freezing waters of the continental shelf to the much warmer circumpolar deep water (CDW) at middepth offshore. In this article, an eddy-resolving process model is used to explore the possibility that AABW export enhances shoreward heat transport by creating a pathway for CDW to access the continental shelf without doing any work against buoyancy forces. In the absence of a net alongshore pressure gradient, the shoreward CDW transport is effected entirely by mesoscale and submesoscale eddy transfer. Eddies are generated partly by instabilities at the pycnocline, sourcing their energy from the alongshore wind stress, but primarily by instabilities at the CDW–AABW interface, sourcing their energy from buoyancy loss on the continental shelf. This combination of processes induces a vertical convergence of eddy kinetic energy and alongshore momentum into the middepth CDW layer, sustaining a local maximum in the eddy kinetic energy over the slope and balancing the Coriolis force associated with the shoreward CDW transport. The resulting slope turbulence self-organizes into a series of alternating along-slope jets with strongly asymmetrical contributions to the slope energy and momentum budgets. Cross-shore variations in the potential vorticity gradient cause the jets to drift continuously offshore, suggesting that fronts observed in regions of AABW down-slope flow may in fact be transient features.
Survey design for coal-scale 3D-PS seismic reflection
Authors: Strong Shaun , Hearn Steve 
Published: October 2016

Survey design for converted-wave (PS) reflection is more complicated than for standard P-wave surveys, due to raypath asymmetry and increased possibility of phase distortion. Coal-scale PS surveys (depth [Formula: see text]) require particular consideration, partly due to the particular physical properties of the target (low density and low velocity). Finite-difference modeling provides a pragmatic evaluation of the likely distortion due to inclusion of postcritical reflections. If the offset range is carefully chosen, then it may be possible to incorporate high-amplitude postcritical reflections without seriously degrading the resolution in the stack. Offsets of up to three times target depth may in some cases be usable, with appropriate quality control at the data-processing stage. This means that the PS survey design may need to handle raypaths that are highly asymmetrical and that are very sensitive to assumed velocities. A 3D-PS design was used for a particular coal survey with the target in the depth range of 85–140 m. The objectives were acceptable fold balance between bins and relatively smooth distribution of offset and azimuth within bins. These parameters are relatively robust for the P-wave design, but much more sensitive for the case of PS. Reduction of the source density is more acceptable than reduction of the receiver density, particularly in terms of the offset-azimuth distribution. This is a fortuitous observation in that it improves the economics of a dynamite source, which is desirable for high-resolution coal-mine planning. The final-survey design necessarily allows for logistical and economic considerations, which implies some technical compromise. However, good fold, offset, and azimuth distributions are achieved across the survey area, yielding a data set suitable for meaningful analysis of P and S azimuthal anisotropy.
Aπό τη Μακιαβελική Διερμηνεία κατά την Ανάκριση Αιχμαλώτων στην Κοινοτική Διερμηνεία της Νεωτερικότητας.
Authors: Gogas Themistoklis 
Published: October 2016

<p> </p><p>Το παρόν άρθρο εξετάζει την Κοινοτική Διερμηνεία υπό το πρίσμα των αιτιωδών σχέσεων που την παρήγαγαν. Συγκεκριμένα, ανατρέχει στην διαμόρφωση του διανοητικού και φιλοσοφικού πλαισίου που οδήγησε στην αναγνώριση της ανάγκης των αλλοδαπών για επικοινωνία. Το γεγονός ότι σε<br />προγενέστερες φάσεις της κοινωνικής και διανοητικής εξέλιξης, μία από τις ελάχιστες χρήσεις της διερμηνείας ήταν η ανάκριση αιχμαλώτων, ήτοι η χρήση του γλωσσικού διαμεσολαβητή για αποκόμιση πληροφοριών χρήσιμων για το κράτος, σημαίνει ότι το διανοητικό εργαλείο της γλωσσικής διαμεσολάβησης χρησιμοποιείται επ’ ωφελεία του κράτους. Από το σημείο της μακιαβελικής αυτής αντίληψης μέχρι την παροχή γλωσσικής διαμεσολάβησης με σκοπό την πληροφόρηση του πολίτη (έστω και αλλόγλωσσου), η απόσταση είναι μεγάλη. Διανύθηκε τότε μόνον, όταν οι κοινωνικές συνθήκες ανέδειξαν το σεβασμό στην ετερότητα σε μείζον ζήτημα. Σ’ αυτό το βήμα προόδου σαφώς και συνετέλεσε ο Διαφωτισμός και η νεωτερικότητα, όπως και τα φιλοσοφικά ρεύματα αυτών των περιόδων. Τελικώς, αυτό που τονίζεται στο παρόν είναι η Εγελιανή αντίληψη και η συμβολή της στην ανάπτυξη της Κοινοτικής Διερμηνείας.</p>
Professionalization and trust in public sector interpreting.
Authors: Skaaden Hanne 
Published: October 2016

<p>This article approaches interpreting in the public sector or “community” from the vantage point of the sociology of professions. The aim is to examine the interpreter function in light of the process of professionalization and concepts such as professional trust and the exercise of discretion. How well<br />does the interpreter function fulfill the criteria of being a profession? What is holding the process of professionalization back? In exploring these issues, I observe the interpreter function through the prism of a model of professionalization outlined by a group of Scandinavian sociologists (Molander &amp;<br />Terum, 2008; Grimen 2008ab; Grimen &amp; Molander, 2008). The model divides professionalization into performative and organizational aspects. What is the professional status of the interpreter in the public sector in terms of these aspects? The empirical data originate from chat discussions where students<br />with different working languages (WL) who are going through a blended course (30 ECTS) on interpreting, discuss issues of professionalization. The analysis shows that the interpreter function fulfills the criteria of the performative aspect, while the organizational aspect is less developed.</p>
Community Interpreting–oriented Terminology Management Tools.
Authors: Antón María Teresa Ortego 
Published: October 2016

<p>Unlike translators, who have a great variety of computer-assisted tools for terminology management, interpreters have not benefited from the same level of innovation. In fact, the task of community interpreter is to allow people who do not speak the official language(s) of the country to communicate<br />with the providers of public services so as to facilitate full and equal access to legal, health, education, government and social services. Thus, having taken into account the special needs of community interpreters, in this paper we establish a set of parameters from the conclusions drawn from the literature review to assess to what extent terminology management tools meet these needs. Then, a selection of terminology management tools are analysed. From the results, conclusions are drawn which might suggest a need to take into account new proposals in order to implement terminology management in computer-assisted tools from the view of community interpreting as well<br />as to inform new searching procedures used by trainees and community interpreters.</p>
Η Αξιολόγηση της Ποιότητας στην Κοινοτική Διερμηνεία: η περίπτωση των κύριων αγγλόφωνων χωρών.
Authors: Tagkas Periklis 
Published: October 2016

<p>Η παρούσα εργασία στοχεύει στη διερεύνηση των δεδομένων που αφορούν στη διασφάλιση ποιότητας κατά την παροχή των υπηρεσιών κοινοτικής διερμηνείας στον «στενό πυρήνα» των αγγλόφωνων χωρών, στον οποίο περιλαμβάνονται: το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, οι Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες Αμερικής, η Αυστραλία και ο Καναδάς. Η μελέτη επικεντρώνεται στην παρουσίαση των διαδικασιών πιστοποίησης<br />και αξιολόγησης, καθώς και των κανόνων δεοντολογίας που διέπουν το λειτούργημα του κοινοτικού διερμηνέα. Παράλληλα, εξετάζονται ζητήματα που σχετίζονται με τη βελτιστοποίηση και συστηματοποίηση του θεσμού, με στόχο τη μεταφορά τεχνογνωσίας στην Ελλάδα και την αναβάθμιση των υπηρεσιών κοινοτικής διερμηνείας.</p>
Για τη γλωσσική διαμεσολάβηση στη διαδικασία αίτησης ασύλου η Ομοσπονδιακή Υπηρεσία Μετανάστευσης και Προσφύγων της Γερμανίας ψάχνει…
Authors: Chita Anna 
Published: October 2016

<p>Η παρούσα εργασία ασχολείται με την πρόσφατη προκήρυξη της Ομοσπονδιακής Υπηρεσίας Μετανάστευσης και Προσφύγων της Γερμανίας για την απασχόληση κοινοτικών διερμηνέων στο δύσκολο έργο της διαδικασίας αίτησης ασύλου. Επιπλέον περιγράφεται η ανομοιογένεια στην εκπαίδευση κοινοτικών διερμηνέων στη Γερμανία. Ενόψει της προσφυγικής κρίσης η ζήτηση ατόμων με<br />τέτοιου είδους κατάρτιση ή και δεξιότητες αυξάνεται διαρκώς. Παρόλα αυτά δεν διακρίνεται από καμία πλευρά η προσπάθεια για καταλληλότερη εκπαίδευση αυτών. Αντιθέτως, η Ομοσπονδιακή Υπηρεσία Μετανάστευσης και Προσφύγων απευθύνεται και σε άτομα, τα οποία ενδεχομένως δεν έχουν καμία<br />επαγγελματική κατάρτιση ή/και εμπειρία σε αυτόν τον τομέα, μιας και η ίδια η προκήρυξη δεν τα αποκλείει. Πώς μπορεί, όμως, σε μία τόσο σημαντική διαδικασία, όπως η ακρόαση για τη χορήγηση ασύλου, να μην λαμβάνεται σοβαρά υπόψη ποιος θα επιλεχθεί και με ποια κριτήρια, ώστε να λειτουργήσει ως ο σωστός αγωγός της γλώσσας;</p>
Στατιστικές μέθοδοι ελέγχου εγκυρότητας και αξιοπιστίας ερωτηματολογίων. Η περίπτωση του CiGreece.
Authors: Iseris Georgios 
Published: October 2016

<p>Η συστηματική χρήση των ερωτηματολογίων σε όλων των ειδών τις έρευνες καθιστά αναγκαίο τον συνδυασμό στατιστικών ερευνητικών μεθόδων που να επιβεβαιώνουν την εγκυρότητα και την αξιοπιστία αυτών των τύπων κλιμάκων. Ο σκοπός αυτής της εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσει τμήμα της πρότασής<br />μας για το μεθοδολογικό σχέδιο της διεξαγωγής της ερευνητικής προσπάθειας CiGreece που έχει ως στόχο να χαρτογραφήσει για πρώτη φορά την κατάσταση στην Ελλάδα αναφορικά με την παροχή υπηρεσιών κοινοτικής διερμηνείας, να αναδείξει τις ελλείψεις τέτοιων υπηρεσιών σε ευαίσθητα περιβάλλοντα, να αυξήσει την ευαισθησία αλλά και να προμηθεύσει με τις απαραίτητες πληροφορίες<br />που θα βοηθήσουν τις αρμόδιες κρατικές αρχές να λάβουν τα όσα και όποια πρόσφορα μέτρα για τη βελτίωση της κατάστασης παροχής υπηρεσιών κοινοτικής διερμηνείας στην Ελλάδα. Στην εργασία μας δίνουμε έμφαση στην περιγραφή των προϋποθέσεων για την εφαρμογή τεχνικών στάθμισης του ερωτηματολογίου της έρευνας μέσω της εξαγωγής του δείκτη αξιοπιστίας Cronbach’s α αλλά και της<br />Διερευνητικής και Επιβεβαιωτικής ανάλυσης παραγόντων για τον έλεγχο της δομικής εγκυρότητάς του. Υπογραμμίζουμε πως η συνδυαστική χρήση των περιγραφόμενων στο κύριο μέρος της παρούσας εργασίας στατιστικών μεθόδων είναι σε θέση να αποκαλύψει την ύπαρξη ασθενούς δομικής εγκυρότητας<br />ενός ερωτηματολογίου, παρά την επιτυχή έκβαση μεμονωμένων στατιστικών ελέγχων, γεγονός που υποδεικνύει την αναγκαιότητα εφαρμογής πολλαπλών στατιστικών μεθόδων για τον έλεγχο εγκυρότητας και αξιοπιστίας των κλιμάκων μέτρησης.</p>
Marketing of Experience in Creating of Value Product
Authors: Поляков  , Polyakov Vladimir , Фомичева  , Fomicheva Irina 
Published: October 2016

The brand experience is considered as an independent product or economic
proposal. The stages of growth of consumer value of the goods depending on his
level of condition and price segment are considered. The article presents the
dynamics of the formation of the consumer value of the product in terms of its
trademark depending on the stage where the product is located in the processing
chain production-consumption in the system of marketing management. The
mechanism of value creation in marketing impressions is developed. The effect
assessment of impressions on the model of «emperor with no clothes»
is proposed.
The Impact of the Sanctions and Crisis on the Automotive Industry in Russia
Authors: Сабери  , Saberi Behzad 
Published: October 2016

In many countries auto industry is a strategic sector of the economy, representing,
together with related industries and supporting part of the national industry,
providing employment and implementing the technological capabilities of the
country. The present study focuses on the description of the impact of sanctions
on the development of the crisis, the automobile industry, car manufacturers and
the market of cars of Russia. As a result, US and EU sanctions against Russia
among the first to pass the sanctions hit the country&#180;s automotive industry. During
the period of sanctions Russian car market is characterized by falling sales and
reduced production. Sanctions crisis has affected the entire chain from production
to bring the car to the final consumer — the drop in demand for cars in the
domestic market and reduction of vehicle production; the decline in production
was achieved by the suspension or closure of plants, which affected the social
sphere, increasing unemployment and reducing the incomes of workers and
automotive professionals. Thus, the article examines the impact of the sanctions
impact of the crisis on the enterprise on production of cars, as well as trade
in cars in the Russian market.
When Do People Prefer Carrots to Sticks? A Robust “Matching Effect” in Policy Evaluation
Authors: Evers Ellen R. K. , Inbar Yoel , Blanken Irene , Oosterwijk Linda D. 
Published: October 2016

For a policy to succeed, it must not only be effective in changing behavior but must also be accepted by stakeholders. Here, we report seven sets of studies demonstrating strong framing effects on the acceptance of equivalent policies. Policies targeting desirable voluntary behavior are preferred when they are framed as advantaging those who act desirably (rather than disadvantaging those who do not). Conversely, policies targeting obligations are preferred when they are framed as disadvantaging those who fail to act desirably (rather than advantaging those who do). These differences in policy acceptance do not result from common causes of framing effects, such as a misunderstanding of outcomes or insufficient deliberation about the implications. Rather, the framing effects we document follow from beliefs about when punishment is and is not appropriate. We conclude with a field experiment demonstrating framing effects in a setting where policy acceptance directly affects respondents’ outcomes. Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2539 . This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Empirical Distribution of Equilibrium Play and Its Testing Application
Authors: Babichenko Yakov , Barman Siddharth , Peretz Ron 
Published: October 2016

We show that in any n-player, m-action normal-form game, we can obtain an approximate equilibrium by sampling any mixed-action equilibrium a small number of times. We study three types of equilibria: Nash, correlated, and coarse-correlated. For each one we obtain upper and lower bounds on the number of samples required for the empirical distribution over the sampled action profiles to form an approximate equilibrium with probability close to 1.These bounds imply that using a small number of samples we can test whether or not players are playing according to an approximate equilibrium, even in games where n and m are large. In addition, our results substantially improve previously known upper bounds on the support size of approximate equilibria in games with many players. In particular, for the three types of equilibria we show the existence of approximate equilibrium with support-size polylogarithmic in n and m, whereas the previously best-known upper bounds were polynomial in n (Hémon et al. [Hémon S, de Rougemont M, Santha M (2008) Approximate nash equilibria for multi-player games. Algorithmic Game Theory (Springer), 267–278], Germano and Lugosi [Germano F, Lugosi G (2007) Existence of sparsely supported correlated equilibria. Econom. Theory 32(3):575–578], Hart et al. [Hart S, Mas-Colell A, Babichenko Y (2013) Simple Adaptive Strategies: From Regret-Matching to Uncoupled Dynamics, Vol. 4 (World Scientific Publishing Company)]).
The efficiency of obesity treatment in patients with insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Strueva Natal'ya V. , Mel'nichenko Galina A. , Poluektov Mikhail G. , Savel'eva Larisa V. 
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dynamics of body weight and sleep disorders in the treatment of obesity.Materials and methods. The study included 200 obese patients: 83 men and 117 women.Results. Complaints about problems sleeping (snoring, hypersomnia, insomnia, etc.) were present in 78% of obese patients. 89 patients were under the observation of an endocrinologist for 7 ± 1 months, they were divided into three matched by age, sex and BMI groups: patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) (n = 42), the second – with the syndrome of insomnia (n = 19), the third (control group) – patients without sleep disorders (n = 24). After treatment of obesity the weight loss in patients with insomnia syndrome was -2.5 [-4; 0]kg, in patients with OSAS -7 [-18; -2] kg, in patients without sleep disorders -6.5 [-12; -2.25] kg. Clinically significant weight reduction was reached in 25 (59.5%) patients with OSAS; 3 (16%) – with insomnia syndrome; 15 (62.5%) – without sleep disorders.Conclusion. Thus, the insomnia syndrome essentially influences the obesity treatment results – most of patients with this sleep disorder (81.2%) do not achieve clinically significant weight loss. The presence and severity of breathing disorders during sleep do not prevent weight loss. However, with the regular use of CPAP-therapy in patients with OSAS has a tendency of greater reduction of body weight.
Comparison of the effects of difenacoum and brodifacoum on the ultrastructure of rat liver cells
Authors: Gül Nursel , Yiğit Nuri , Saygılı Fulya , Demirel Ebru , Geniş Ceren 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We used transmission electron microscopy to examine the cytotoxic effects of the second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides difenacoum and brodifacoum on rat liver. A single dose of difenacoum or brodifacoum was administered to rats by gastric gavage and liver samples were taken after 24 h, four days or seven days. In the livers of rats treated with difenacoum for 24 h, hepatocytes typically showed increased numbers of lysosomes, as well as enlargement of both the perinuclear space and the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), while sinusoids were irregularly shaped and contained Kupffer cells. Similar irregularities occurred in brodifacoum-treated rats at the same time point, but additionally increased numbers of vacuoles, damaged mitochondrial cristae, and clumping of chromatin were observed in hepatocytes, and hemolysed erythrocytes were noted in the sinusoids. Comparable findings were made in each group of rats after four days. After seven days of difenacoum treatment, hepatocytes suffered loss of cytoplasmic material and mitochondrial shrinkage, while RER cisternae became discontinuous. In contrast, exposure to brodifacoum for seven days caused the formation of numerous vacuoles and lipid droplets, disordered mitochondrial morphology, chromatin clumping and invagination of the nuclear envelope in hepatocytes. Sinusoids in the livers of rodenticide-treated rats contained an accumulation of dense material, lipid droplets, cells with pycnotic nuclei and hemolysed erythrocytes. Overall, our results show that brodifacoum causes more severe effects in liver cells than difenacoum. Thus our microscopic data along with additional biochemical assays point to a severe effect of rodenticide on vertebrates.
Mutagenic and carcinogenic structural alerts and their mechanisms of action
Authors: Plošnik Alja , Vračko Marjan , Dolenc Marija Sollner 
Published: October 2016

AbstractKnowing the mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of chemicals is very important for their hazard (and risk) assessment. One of the crucial events that trigger genotoxic and sometimes carcinogenic effects is the forming of adducts between chemical compounds and nucleic acids and histones. This review takes a look at the mechanisms related to specific functional groups (structural alerts or toxicophores) that may trigger genotoxic or epigenetic effects in the cells. We present up-to-date information about defined structural alerts with their mechanisms and the software based on this knowledge (QSAR models and classification schemes).
Croatian First Football League: Teams' performance in the championship
Authors: Munđar Dušan , Šimić Diana 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The goal of our research was to use simulation modelling for prediction of the Croatian First Football League seasonal ranking and analyse variation in teams’ performance during a season. We have developed a model of the number of goals scored by a team in a match based on the Poisson distribution. Parameters of the model were estimated from the data on consecutive matches in a season. Variation in a team’s performance was modelled as a moving parameter estimate. The final rankings were predicted from 1000 simulation runs of the second part of the season based on parameter estimates from the first part of the season. For each team the most frequent outcome of the simulation defined the team’s rank. The method was tested on seasons 2014/15 and 2015/16. Prediction was correct for six teams in the season 2014/15 and five teams in the season 2015/16. Proposed methods enable dynamic monitoring of a team’s performance and prediction of final rankings during the season. An advantage of the prediction method is that in addition to predicting the final ranking it also estimates probabilities of alternative positions.
The role of entrepreneurship in explaining the real Gross Domestic Product per capita: Regression model selection
Authors: Harmina Anita 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this research, the impact of total early-stage entrepreneurial activity and competitiveness of the economy on the real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is analyzed in a cross-section of world economies using the methods of correlation and multiple regression analysis. In the attempt to select between the linear and the double-logarithmic model, the regression diagnostics and quality of the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables were analyzed. The functional form of the model was tested by the MacKinnon, White and Davidson test. Model selection methods regarding the comparison of coefficients of determination and the Akaike information criterion were used. The results of the analysis show that independent variables have a statistically significant impact on the real GDP per capita, and that the real GDP per capita is elastic to the changes of competitiveness but inelastic to the changes of total early-stage entrepreneurial activity.