bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Pharmacy Practice and an Aging Population
Authors: Sumner Edward D. , Durand Ronald P. , Lancaster Carol J. , Dickinson George E. 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To determine pharmacists' perceptions of the influence of older patients on community pharmacy practice. Data Sources: A mailing list obtained from the South Carolina Board of Pharmacy provided names of community pharmacists by practice setting and gender. Design: A questionnaire was mailed in July 1990 to a random sample of community pharmacists in South Carolina. The questionnaire contained 41 Likert-type opinion statements. Demographic questions relating to practice type and location, pharmacists' educational experiences, and position were included. Data Synthesis: The opinion statements were examined by grouping respondents on the basis of demographic information. Analysis of variance or Student's t-test was used to look for differences among survey responses among various groups of pharmacists. Scheffe's test was used to compare means when the groups were significantly different. The a priori level of significance was 0.05. Critical values were adjusted by the number of statements considered to preserve the error rate at five percent (Bonferroni procedure). Conclusions: The strongest indicator of the impact of the elderly population on community pharmacy is pharmacists' perceived need for more continuing education in geriatrics and gerontology. Economic problems, physician overprescribing, and patient compliance were ranked as the three most difficult aspects of geriatric pharmacy. This study reinforces the need to incorporate geriatric/gerontology education into every pharmacy curriculum.
Absorption of Herbinol—A Polyherbal Topical Cream
Authors: Mody Vandana D. , Mangalan Sivadasan , Pandya Kalpesh K. , Patel Ramanbhai B. , Chakravarthy Balakrishna K. 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To determine serum absorption concentrations of two bioactive chemical markers (munjistin and rottlerin) of Herbinol, a topical polyherbal antiseptic cream. Design: Topical application of Herbinol cream on the back of albino rats on hair-free skin. Study: Serum concentrations of munjistin and rottlerin were estimated after application of Herbinol on the backs of the rats at 0,1, 2,3,4, and 24 hours and concentrations were quantified by high-performance-thin-layer chromatography. The validity of the procedure was verified by recovery studies by adding a known concentration of standards to drug-free serum. Results: Peak serum concentrations of both munjistin and rottlerin were observed two hours after topical application of Herbinol and the concentrations measured were 122 ± 5.8 ng/mL of rottlerin and 38 ± 3.2 ng/mL of munjistin. At these concentrations both compounds showed antimicrobial effects. Conclusions: The absorption studies performed with the topical antiseptic polyherbal cream Herbinol showed quantifiable serum concentrations of rottlerin and munjistin two hours after application. Both the markers showed antimicrobial efficacy at the measured concentrations and thus have clinical significance. This is a preliminary report on absorption studies of a polyherbal drug.
Rifabutin: A New Rifamycin for the Prevention of Atypical Mycobacterial Infection
Authors: Martin David E. , Raasch Ralph H. 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To discuss the chemistry, mechanism of action, in vitro activity, pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and toxicity of rifabutin, a new rifamycin, in the prevention and treatment of disseminated mycobacterial infection in patients with AIDS. Data Sources: The English-language literature was searched from 1980 through October 1993 using MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA), Index Medicus, and bibliographic reviews of relevant textbooks and review articles. Study Selection: One published report of two identical randomized, prospective, double-blind trials of rifabutin to prevent disseminated mycobacteremia is available. Other literature reviewed included a clinical case series of patients treated with rifabutin for documented or presumed mycobacterial infection. Data Extraction: Clinical trial and case series were evaluated for study design, efficacy, and toxicity. Data Synthesis: In two trials, rifabutin has been shown to prolong the onset of mycobacteremia (caused by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare or M. avium complex) in adult AIDS patients with CD4-lymphocyte counts <200 cells/mm3. The prolongation of time to bacteremia is significant compared with placebo as the CD4 count declines. However, overall survival is not prolonged by rifabutin prophylaxis in these patients. No blind, randomized studies are available evaluating the efficacy of rifabutin in treating documented mycobacteremia in AIDS patients, or in treating pulmonary infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusions: Rifabutin should be added to the prophylactic regimens of HIV-positive patients with CD4 counts <100 cells/mm3. Prophylactic treatment prolongs the period of time before dissemination of mycobacterial infection occurs (bacteremia), with associated delays in onset of fever and fatigue, decline in performance score, and hospitalization. Rifabutin is usually well tolerated in patients given 300 mg/d. Rifabutin is a weaker enzyme inducer than rifampin, but drug interactions with rifabutin should be monitored under circumstances of concomitant therapy with anticoagulants or anticonvulsants.
Use of Prostaglandin F2 Alpha for Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Authors: Cocnata Christina L. 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To examine the use of prostaglandin F2 alpha in treating cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Data Sources: An English language literature search using MEDLINE 1982–1993 and bibliographic reviews of related textbooks and review articles. Study Selection: Articles containing pertinent information regarding the therapeutic use and effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha as a treatment for cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in humans. Data Extraction: Resources were evaluated and information was extracted independently. Data Synthesis: A review of human cases suggests that intravesical administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha may be an effective bedside therapy for cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Adverse reactions are limited primarily to local effects. The optimal dosage regimen of intravesical prostaglandin F2 alpha is not clearly established. Conclusions: Patients with intractable vesical hemorrhage secondary to cyclophosphamide administration may benefit from bedside intravesical instillation of prostaglandin F2 alpha. Information in the literature regarding prostaglandin bladder irrigation is scarce, and confined to case reports. Clinical studies are needed to endorse and/or refute the efficacy of intravesical instillation of prostaglandin F2 alpha as a treatment modality for hemorrhagic cystitis.
Interaction between Potassium-Depleting Diuretics and Lovastatin in Hypercholesterolemic Ambulatory Care Patients
Authors: Aruna Augustine S , Akula Shiva K , Sarpong Daniel F 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To evaluate the potential impact of potassium-depleting diuretics on the efficacy of lovastatin. Design: A retrospective study of ambulatory patients taking lovastatin and thiazide or loop diuretics was conducted. Setting: Ambulatory care patients with coexisting hypercholesterolemia and hypertension from a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Participants: A total of 32 patients were studied, 13 of whom had been taking lovastatin before diuretics were added. Another 19 patients had been receiving diuretics before lovastatin was initiated. The changes in their total cholesterol from baseline were recorded and analyzed. Main Outcome Measures: In all the patients taking lovastatin and diuretics concurrently, total cholesterol concentrations dropped initially, followed by a rise despite continuation of therapy with lovastatin. The reason for this initial drop in total cholesterol following 1 month of concurrent therapy is the subject of further investigation in a prospective study. Results: Regardless of the order of administration of the lipid-lowering and antihypertensive drugs, serum cholesterol rose 20% from its nadir. Conclusions: Patients taking potassium-depleting diuretics and a hepatic hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase enzyme inhibitor (lovastatin) concurrently do not seem to benefit substantially from the lipid-lowering effect of lovastatin, probably because of a functional antagonism of the lipid-lowering effect of lovastatin by potassium-depleting diuretics.
Use of Intravenous Omeprazole in a University Hospital
Authors: Vargas Emilio , Puerro Miguel , Portoles Antonio , García-Arenillas Mar , Ambit Maria I , Moreno Alfonso 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of using intravenous omeprazole in a university hospital. Method: A prospective follow-up of all patients (n = 108) treated with intravenous omeprazole in our hospital was done from October 1994 through May 1995. Based on requests sent to the pharmacy service, patients receiving this drug were located and their charts were reviewed. The patients were visited daily throughout the duration of their treatment to evaluate any change in dosage, addition of new drugs to the regimen, and the final date of treatment. Results: Only 52% of the patients received omeprazole for indications in which its usefulness is clearly demonstrated. The dosages used frequently exceeded those recommended by the pharmaceutical manufacturer and in the literature. In fact, more than 50% of the patients were treated with dosages over 40 mg/d. It would have been possible to administer omeprazole orally instead of intravenously in 17% of the patients. Twenty-three percent of the patients were treated simultaneously with omeprazole and histamine2-antagonists. Conclusions: The use of intravenous omeprazole in our hospital is not optimal; thus, it seems that a strategy to improve this situation should be designed.
Gender Differences among Patients Reporting Medication Allergies
Authors: Trinkle Randy 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To determine whether there are gender differences in the frequency of reporting and accuracy of medication allergy information given by adult patients on admission to the hospital. Setting: This study was conducted in the acute medical ward of a rural hospital. Methods: This was a prospective study of all patients admitted to the ward over a three-month period. Patients who claimed to have an allergy to a target drug (opiates, antibiotics, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs) were interviewed to learn the nature of any reactions. Results: Forty-three patients (of 183 evaluable patients) claimed to have one or more medication allergies. Women were more likely than men to claim a medication allergy (p = 0.023) and to have had a probable allergic reaction (p = 0.011). The allergy status of men was more likely to be unevaluable (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study found that women both claim and experience more medication allergies than do men. Given the paucity of research in this area, gender differences in medication allergy claims deserve further study. The reasons for these differences also have not been well studied and require further investigation. Because a layperson may misidentify an adverse drug reaction as being due to an allergy, pharmacists should verify allergy status to ensure the accuracy of the medical record and the appropriateness of drug therapy.
Reporting Margin Status in Synoptic Reports
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A. , Mena-Allauca Mercy , Gould Edwin W. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose The format of a synoptic report can significantly affect the accuracy, speed, and preference with which a reader can retrieve information. The purpose of this study was to compare different formats for reporting margin status in synoptic reports of colonic carcinoma. Methods The performance of 17 nonpathologists (cancer registrars and medical and nonmedical personnel) at identifying specific information in various formatted synoptic reports was evaluated using four computerized quizzes that measured both accuracy and speed. Results Compared with the standard format (“Involved by invasive carcinoma” and “Uninvolved by invasive carcinoma”), reporting margins as “Free” or “Positive” was significantly faster (17%, P < .001) and significantly more accurate (99% v 98%, P = .001). Significantly more errors for the standard format were found in quiz 4 (eight of 272; 2.9%) than the prior three tests combined (nine of 816; 1.1%; P = .05). Using “Free” or “Positive” with either a list format or including bolding of all positive margins was also faster than the standard format but not any faster than simply changing the wording. All users preferred “Free” and “Positive”; no user preferred “Involved by invasive carcinoma” and “Uninvolved by invasive carcinoma.” Conclusion Using “Free” and “Positive” for reporting margin status in synoptic reports is preferred by all users and results in more accurate, faster information retrieval. Errors may be related to fatigue.
Consistency ofBRCA1andBRCA2Variant Classifications Among Clinical Diagnostic Laboratories
Authors: Lincoln Stephen E. , Yang Shan , Cline Melissa S. , Kobayashi Yuya , Zhang Can , Topper Scott , Haussler David , Paten Benedict , Nussbaum Robert L. 
Published: July 2017

PurposeGenetic tests of cancer predisposition genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, inform significant clinical decisions for both physicians and patients. Most uncovered variants are benign, and determining which few are pathogenic—disease causing—is sometimes challenging and can potentially be inconsistent among laboratories. The ClinVar database makes deidentified clinical variant classifications from multiple laboratories publicly available for comparison and review, per recommendations by the American Medical Association, the American College of Medical Genetics, the National Society for Genetic Counselors, and other organizations.MethodsClassifications of more than 2,000 BRCA1/2 variants in ClinVar that represent approximately 22,000 patients were dichotomized as clinically actionable or not actionable and compared among as many as seven laboratories. The properties of these variants and classification differences were investigated in detail.ResultsPer-variant concordance was 98.5% (CI, 97.9% to 99.0%). All discordant variants were rare; thus, per-patient concordance was estimated to be higher (99.7%). ClinVar facilitated resolution of many of the discordant variants, and concordance increased to 99.0% per variant and 99.8% per patient when reclassified, but not yet resubmitted, variants and submission errors were addressed. Most of the remaining discordances seemed to involve either legitimate differences in expert judgment regarding particular scientific evidence or were classifications that predated the availability of important scientific evidence.ConclusionSignificant classification disagreements among professional clinical laboratories represented in ClinVar are infrequent yet important. Unrestricted sharing of clinical genetic data allows detailed interlaboratory quality control and peer review, as exemplified by this study.
Personalized Medicine in the Oncology Clinic: Implementation and Outcomes of the Johns Hopkins Molecular Tumor Board
Authors: Dalton W. Brian , Forde Patrick M. , Kang Hyunseok , Connolly Roisin M. , Stearns Vered , Gocke Christopher D. , Eshleman James R. , Axilbund Jennifer , Petry Dana , Geoghegan Cindy , Wolff Antonio C. , Loeb David M. , Pratilas Christine A. , Meyer Christian F. , Christenson Eric S. , Slater Shannon A. , Ensminger Jennifer , Parsons Heather A. , Park Ben H. , Lauring Josh 
Published: July 2017

Purpose Tumor genomic profiling for personalized oncology therapy is being widely applied in clinical practice even as it is being evaluated more formally in clinical trials. Given the complexities of genomic data and its application to clinical use, molecular tumor boards with diverse expertise can provide guidance to oncologists and patients seeking to implement personalized genetically targeted therapy in practice. Methods A multidisciplinary molecular tumor board reviewed tumor molecular profiling reports from consecutive referrals at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins over a 3-year period. The tumor board weighed evidence for actionability of genomic alterations identified by molecular profiling and provided recommendations including US Food and Drug Administration–approved drug therapy, clinical trials of matched targeted therapy, off-label use of such therapy, and additional tumor or germline genetic testing. Results One hundred fifty-five patients were reviewed. Actionable genomic alterations were identified in 132 patients (85%). Off-label therapies were recommended in 37 patients (24%). Eleven patients were treated off-label, and 13 patients were enrolled onto clinical trials of matched targeted therapies. Median progression-free survival of patients treated with matched therapies was 5 months ( 95% CI, 2.9 months to not reached), and the progression-free survival probability at 6 months was 43% (95% CI, 26% to 71%). Lack of locally available clinical trials was the major limitation on clinical actionability of tumor profiling reports. Conclusion The molecular tumor board recommended off-label targeted therapies for a quarter of all patients reviewed. Outcomes were heterogeneous, although 43% of patients receiving genomically matched therapy derived clinical benefit lasting at least 6 months. Until more data become available from precision oncology trials, molecular tumor boards can help guide appropriate use of tumor molecular testing to direct therapy.
Economic performance of sports clubs charitable status in Poland
Authors: Wyszyński Artur 
Published: July 2017

The main aim of this article is to assess the financial condition and results of Polish football clubs who have the status of public benefit organizations (OPP). The analysis was conducted for clubs that were played matches in the 2013/2014 season in the men's football tournament at all levels except the highest such competitions. Ekstraklasa (no clubs having the status OPP) for levels I, II, III, IV league and class district, A , B and C. All the clubs analyzed as a function of the association. The analysis shows that clubs are in a bad financial situation. Most clubs, regardless of the grade level in which the matches were played were characterized by a low value of wealth. Average debt was close to 100%. As a result, nearly one-third of the clubs showed a negative equity value. About half of the clubs observed a negative value total return on assets and return on sales. In the structure of revenues are the primary source of public funds. Other sources of income included clubs, private funds, other and income from the 1% tax on individuals
Exclusion of criminal liability of sports participants for sport injuries
Authors: Cegliński Paweł 
Published: July 2017

This paper deals with one of the criminal law problems, which is criminal liability of sports participants for injuries occuring during the practice of a sport. This article aims to provide a brief summarization of the most important conception explaining this problem in Polish law – sport risk as a circumstance excluding criminal liability. The research is supported by the analysis of Polish literature. There are also some empirical examples involved.
The Fusion of Fascia-Oriented Exercise and Pilates in Rollpilates Course at Masaryk University
Authors: Vychodilová Renata , Pokorná Alena , Vrtělová Hana 
Published: July 2017

The aim of this paper is to analyse Pilates and fasia-oriented exercise in terms of their possible interconnection. We intend to introduce the fusion of Pilates and fascia-oriented exercise in the form of a new sports course Rollpilates lectured at the Faculty of Sports studies, Masaryk University, Brno. The course was formed in the project approved as part of the Masaryk University Development Fund and involves a nouveau approach towards the interconnection of two types of exercise. The methods include an analysis of scientific publications and educational materials dealing with Pilates and fascia-oriented exercise. In order to comprehend the theory and principles of fascia-oriented exercise and its interconnection with Pilates and to study new trends in Pilates, the work incorporates a bibliographic search, a research probe, the participation in several educational courses and the interviewing of experienced lectures of fascia-oriented and Pilates exercise, with the support of our own practical experience. Based on the analysis, a Rollpilates course was established and its programme, content and principles were defined. In order to enhance and propagate the course, educational online material was designed and displayed in the Information system of Masaryk University.
Rating preferred predisposition personal trainer
Authors: Stefaniak Tadeusz , Harmaciński Dariusz , Groffik Bartosz , Pawlak Gabriel 
Published: July 2017

Services provided by personal trainers in Poland are becoming more popular. The legal situation of this professional group in Poland is unregulated, which creates many doubts about the competence and suitability personal trainer. The essence of the work presented in the study is to determine the changes in terms of perception of competence coach, taking place in recent years. The research was conducted in 2009 and repeated in 2015 in fitness clubs coming in Lower Silesia. The study involved 240 respondents, including 72 women and 168 men. Research results indicate that over the years, the number of people regularly using the services of a coach nearly doubled. The significant number of people for whom the profession of coaching combined with better and better assessment of the social and his authority continues to grow. 67.5% of respondents think that the coach should be well built and have mixed personality traits.