bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical modeling of the mechanisms of magma mingling and mixing: A case study of the formation of complex intrusions
Authors: Semenov A.N. , Polyansky O.P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This paper describes a thermomechanical mathematical model of magma mingling and mixing during the formation of complex intrusions and presents the first results of numerical modeling. The model considers one-pulse intrusion of mafic or intermediate melts into a granitoid magma chamber. The model is based on literature data on the composition and structure of two polychronous intrusions: the Burgas quartz syenite massif and the Magadan granitoid batholith. The modeling shows that the main parameter controlling the convection regime is the density difference. The density and viscosity contrasts of interacting magmas during mingling and mixing are estimated. Depending on the density difference, one of the possible processes dominates: In the case of a small difference (less than 30–40 kg/m3), magma mixing and hybridization in a small contact zone takes place; in the case of a large difference (100 kg/m3 or more), magma mingling predominates. The viscosity contrast, in turn, determines whether interpenetration of melts or fragmentation of melts in the form of drops, spheres, etc. occurs. There is a limiting viscosity of salic magma (108 Pa⋅s) at which the flows freeze in the chamber and further cooling occurs with a slowly moving fluid. The time of formation of mingling structures is estimated to be several days to several hundred years, depending on the initial melt viscosity.
Conditions of metamorphism of garnet-bearing aluminous gneisses in the Orekhov–Pavlograd zone of the Ukrainian Shield
Authors: Baltybaev Sh.K. , Yurchenko A.V. , Lobach-Zhuchenko S.B. , Balagansky V.V. , Galankina O.L. , Morozov M.V. , Bogomolov E.S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Garnet-bearing aluminous gneisses in the Vasil’kovka area of the Orekhov–Pavlograd zone of the Ukrainian Shield were studied using the THERIAK-DOMINO, THERMOCALC, and WINTWQ software and mineral geothermobarometry methods. The stability fields of parageneses formed at the initial, peak, and post-peak metamorphic stages have been estimated: T = 500–650 °C and P &gt; 7 kbar, T = 800–850 °C and P ≈ 8 kbar, and T = 600–670 °C and P = 4.0–5.5 kbar, respectively. A “clockwise” PT path has been established. Based on the aluminous gneiss, the age of metamorphism is determined as Paleoproterozoic (2014 ± 11 Ma). Unique regularly oriented acicular goethite microinclusions were described in garnet. In contrast to other known oriented Ti-bearing mineral inclusions in garnet, these goethite inclusions suggest not only extremely high P and T values (necessary for the formation of oriented Ti-bearing inclusions) but also a high oxygen fugacity. The obtained data broaden the concepts of the ways and conditions of formation of regularly oriented mineral phases in garnet.
Metal-bearing fluids and the age of the Panimba gold deposit (Yenisei Ridge, Russia)
Authors: Gibsher N.A. , Ryabukha M.A. , Tomilenko A.A. , Sazonov A.M. , Khomenko M.O. , Bul’bak T.A. , Nekrasova N.A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The Panimba gold deposit lies in the rocks of the epidote–amphibolite metamorphism facies and is confined to the exocontact zone of the Chirimba granitoid massif. Fluid inclusions in quartz and sulfides of two sites of the deposit, Mikhailovka and Zolotoi Brook, were studied by thermobarogeochemistry, gas chromatography, and chromatography-mass spectrometry. We have established that gold–quartz veins of the deposit were formed by metal-bearing Mg–Na–Cl-containing water–carbon dioxide–hydrocarbon fluids with salinity of 8–23 wt.% NaCl eq. at temperatures of 180 to 410 °C and pressures of 0.2 to 3.3 kbar. Hydrocarbons and nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds of the fluids can transport gold and might be positive indicators of the gold presence in quartz veins. Fluids with salinity of &gt;30–40 wt.% and sulfur isotope values (δ34S) of 0.9 to 6.7‰ of sulfides are the result of the action of postmagmatic solutions of the nearby Chirimba granitoid massif. The age of hydrothermal gold–sulfide mineralization of the Panimba deposit is within 817.2 ± 5.3–744 ± 17 Ma and falls in the time interval of crystallization of the Chirimba intrusion, 868.9 ± 6.5 to 721.4 ± 1.6 Ma, but it is considerably younger than the age of the regional metamorphism (996.0 ± 32–889.0 ± 26 Ma).
Prolyl oligopeptidase-like deficient Trypanosoma evansi parasites are associated with reduced interleukin-10 concentrations in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Kangethe Richard T. , Winger Eva M. , Settypalli Tirumala B.K. , Wijewardana Viskam , Slaets Johanna , Coetzer Theresa H. T. , Diallo Adama 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe protozoan parasiteTrypanosoma evansiis responsible for causing Surra in a variety of mammalian hosts over a wide geographical area. In the absence of an effective vaccine and increasing resistance to current chemotherapeutic agents, peptidases from the S9 prolyl oligopeptidase family have been identified as potential drug and vaccine targets. In order to understand the function of these peptidases during infection, three null mutant clones for prolyl oligopeptidase (Δpop), prolyl oligopeptidase-like (Δpop-like) and oligopeptidase B (Δopb) were generated inT. evansiRoTat 1.2 parasites and used for infection of mice. Mice inoculated withT. evansi Δpop-likemutants were able to survive longer than other groups of mice inoculated withΔpop,Δopbmutants or wild-type parasites. The regression analysis of plasma from mice-infected over time usingΔpop-likemutants showed stable levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) (non-significant slope,P= 0·171) and declining IL-1b levels (negative slope,P= 0·04) when compared with the wild-type control that demonstrated increasing levels of IL-10 and IL-1b (P&lt; 0·01 for both). Further analysis using mouse spleen cells in anin vitro24 h incubation assay revealed that the percentage of IL-10 producing CD3 positive cells display significantly lower values when incubated withΔpop-likeparasites than the wild-type clone (P= 0·002). These results suggest that prolyl oligopeptidase-like peptidase may play a role in immune responses duringT. evansiinfections by affecting interleukin concentrations in the host.
Time Framing Early Medieval Stone Building North of the Alps—A Discussion of Recent Challenging Results
Authors: Hueglin Sophie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEarly Medieval stone building began earlier and was more widespread than previously thought. This conclusion is the result of scientific dating that challenges traditional views of the “petrification” process in architecture north of the Alps after the Roman period. Radiocarbon (14C) dating is not precise enough to answer detailed questions connected to historical contexts, but recently there have been a number of surprising dates: “Roman” city walls have now Early Medieval phases or meter-high, obscure “dark earth” strata were subdivided and dated. Results not in line with clients’ expectations can be the subject of heated debates, or worse, tend to remain unpublished. To the archaeologist, who is trying to connect scientific dates with historical events, usually is not clear, that mortar dating is a methodology still being developed, while dating organic material like charcoal from mortar is a standard procedure. But even the latter has downfalls like the possible “old-wood-effect,” if such complications are not carefully considered and avoided during the sampling process. Drawing on examples from Switzerland, Germany, Austria, and France, recent challenging results will be discussed from an archaeologist’s point of view.
The effects of gelled konjac glucomannan fibre on appetite and energy intake in healthy individuals: a randomised cross-over trial
Authors: Au-Yeung Fei , Jovanovski Elena , Jenkins Alexandra L. , Zurbau Andreea , Ho Hoang V. T. , Vuksan Vladimir 
Published: December 2017

AbstractKonjac glucomannan (KGM) is a viscous dietary fibre that can form a solid, low-energy gel when hydrated and is commonly consumed in a noodle form (KGM-gel). Increased meal viscosity from gel-forming fibres have been associated with prolonged satiety, but no studies to date have evaluated this effect with KGM-gel. Thus, our objective was to evaluate subsequent food intake and satiety of KGM-gel noodles when replacing a high-carbohydrate preload, in a dose–response manner. Utilising a randomised, controlled, cross-over design, sixteen healthy individuals (twelve females/four males; age: 26·0 (sd11·8) years; BMI: 23·1 (sd3·2) kg/m2) received 325 ml volume-matched preloads of three KGM-gel noodle substitution levels: (i) all pasta with no KGM-gel (1849 kJ (442 kcal), control), half pasta and half KGM-gel (1084 kJ (259 kcal), 50-KGM) or no pasta and all KGM-gel (322 kJ (77 kcal), 100-KGM). Satiety was assessed over 90 min followed by anad libitumdessert. Compared with control, cumulative energy intake was 47 % (−1761 kJ (−421 kcal)) and 23 % (−841 kJ (−201 kcal)) lower for 100-KGM and 50-KGM, respectively (bothP<0·001), but no differences in subsequent energy intake was observed. Ratings of hunger were 31 % higher (P=0·03) for 100-KGM when compared with control, and were 19 % lower (P=0·04) for fullness and 28 % higher (P=0·04) for prospective consumption when comparing 100-KGM to 50-KGM. Palatability was similar across all treatments. Replacement of a high-carbohydrate preload with low-energy KGM-gel noodles did not promote additional food intake despite large differences in energy. The energy deficit incurred from partial KGM-gel substitution may have relevance in weight loss regimens, and should be further evaluated beyond the healthy population.
Moral authority and status in International Relations: Good states and the social dimension of status seeking
Authors: Wohlforth William C. , de Carvalho Benjamin , Leira Halvard , Neumann Iver B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe develop scholarship on status in international politics by focusing on the social dimension of small and middle power status politics. This vantage opens a new window on the widely-discussed strategies social actors may use to maintain and enhance their status, showing how social creativity, mobility, and competition can all be system-supporting under some conditions. We extract lessons for other thorny issues in status research, notably questions concerning when, if ever, status is a good in itself; whether it must be a positional good; and how states measure it.
No short-term effect of closing a rubbish dump on reproductive parameters of an Egyptian Vulture population in Turkey
Authors: KATZENBERGER JAKOB , TABUR EVRIM , ŞEN BİLGECAN , İSFENDİYAROĞLU SÜREYYA , ERKOL ITRİ LEVENT , OPPEL STEFFEN 
Published: December 2017

SummaryChanges in food availability that lead to lower reproductive output or lower survival probability are important drivers of the widespread declines in vulture populations. Permanent feeding stations for scavengers, such as vulture restaurants or rubbish dumps, may have both positive and negative effects on reproductive parameters. Here we examine the effects of the closure of a large communal rubbish dump on breeding success and fledging rate of a dense population of the ’Endangered’ Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus in central Turkey to assess whether the closure may have affected the population. We monitored territories from 2011 to 2016, and tested whether the closure of the rubbish dump in early 2015 coincided with changes in reproductive parameters while accounting for confounding variables such as weather and the availability of other predictable foraging opportunities. We found an average productivity of 0.78 fledglings per territorial pair before the dump closed and 0.82 after the closure, an average breeding success of 0.64 before and 0.71 after the closure, and an average fledging rate of 1.17 fledglings per successful pair before and 1.26 after the closure of the rubbish dump. Once confounding variables were accounted for, the closure of the rubbish dump did not have a significant effect on reproductive parameters (P = 0.426 for nest survival and P = 0.786 for fledging rate). We speculate that the Egyptian Vulture population in central Turkey may have sufficient alternative food sources and high levels of intra-specific competition due to its density, so that the closure of the rubbish dump may not have resulted in detectable positive or negative effects. We recommend the maintenance of small traditional animal husbandry farms and disposal practices that mimic the spatio-temporally unpredictable supply of food sources that appears to be most beneficial for avian scavengers.
CALR mutational status identifies different disease subtypes of essential thrombocythemia showing distinct expression profiles
Authors: Zini Roberta , Guglielmelli Paola , Pietra Daniela , Rumi Elisa , Rossi Chiara , Rontauroli Sebastiano , Genovese Elena , Fanelli Tiziana , Calabresi Laura , Bianchi Elisa , Salati Simona , Cazzola Mario , Tagliafico Enrico , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Manfredini Rossella ,   on behalf of the AGIMM (AIRC Gruppo Italiano Malattie Mieloproliferative) investigators
Published: December 2017

AbstractPolycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) characterized by erythrocytosis and thrombocytosis, respectively. Approximately 95% of PV and 50–70% of ET patients harbor the V617F mutation in the exon 14 of JAK2 gene, while about 20–30% of ET patients carry CALRins5 or CALRdel52 mutations. These ET CALR-mutated subjects show higher platelet count and lower thrombotic risk compared to JAK2-mutated patients. Here, we showed that CALR-mutated and JAK2V617F-positive CD34+ cells display different gene and miRNA expression profiles. Indeed, we highlighted several pathways differentially activated between JAK2V617F- and CALR-mutated progenitors, i.e., mTOR, MAPK/PI3K, and MYC pathways. Furthermore, we unveiled that the expression of several genes involved in DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, splicing, and chromatid cohesion are decreased in CALR-mutated cells. According to the low risk of thrombosis in CALR-mutated patients, we also found the downregulation of several genes involved in thrombin signaling and platelet activation. As a whole, these data support the model that CALR-mutated ET could be considered as a distinct disease entity from JAK2V617F-positive MPNs and may provide the molecular basis supporting the different clinical features of these patients.
A mechanistic theory for aquatic food chain length
Authors: Ward Colette L. , McCann Kevin S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMultiple hypotheses propose an ostensibly disparate array of drivers of food chain length (FCL), with contradictory support from natural settings. Here we posit that the magnitude of vertical energy flux in food webs underlies several drivers of FCL. We show that rising energy flux fuels top-heavy biomass pyramids, promoting omnivory, thereby reducing FCL. We link this theory to commonly evaluated hypotheses for environmental drivers of FCL (productivity, ecosystem size) and demonstrate that effects of these drivers should be context-dependent. We evaluate support for this theory in lake and marine ecosystems and demonstrate that ecosystem size is the most important driver of FCL in low-productivity ecosystems (positive relationship) while productivity is most important in large and high-productivity ecosystems (negative relationship). This work stands in contrast to classical hypotheses, which predict a positive effect of productivity on FCL, and may help reconcile the contradictory nature of published results for drivers of FCL.
Gli1 identifies osteogenic progenitors for bone formation and fracture repair
Authors: Shi Yu , He Guangxu , Lee Wen-Chih , McKenzie Jennifer A. , Silva Matthew J. , Long Fanxin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBone formation in mammals requires continuous production of osteoblasts throughout life. A common molecular marker for all osteogenic mesenchymal progenitors has not been identified. Here, by lineage-tracing experiments in fetal or postnatal mice, we discover that Gli1+ cells progressively produce osteoblasts in all skeletal sites. Most notably, in postnatal growing mice, the Gli1+ cells residing immediately beneath the growth plate, termed here “metaphyseal mesenchymal progenitors” (MMPs), are essential for cancellous bone formation. Besides osteoblasts, MMPs also give rise to bone marrow adipocytes and stromal cells in vivo. RNA-seq reveals that MMPs express a number of marker genes previously assigned to mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, including CD146/Mcam, CD44, CD106/Vcam1, Pdgfra, and Lepr. Genetic disruption of Hh signaling impairs proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of MMPs. Removal of β-catenin causes MMPs to favor adipogenesis, resulting in osteopenia coupled with increased marrow adiposity. Finally, postnatal Gli1+ cells contribute to both chondrocytes and osteoblasts during bone fracture healing. Thus Gli1 marks mesenchymal progenitors responsible for both normal bone formation and fracture repair.
Live bearing promotes the evolution of sociality in reptiles
Authors: Halliwell Ben , Uller Tobias , Holland Barbara R. , While Geoffrey M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIdentifying factors responsible for the emergence and evolution of social complexity is an outstanding challenge in evolutionary biology. Here we report results from a phylogenetic comparative analysis of over 1000 species of squamate reptile, nearly 100 of which exhibit facultative forms of group living, including prolonged parent–offspring associations. We show that the evolution of social groupings among adults and juveniles is overwhelmingly preceded by the evolution of live birth across multiple independent origins of both traits. Furthermore, the results suggest that live bearing has facilitated the emergence of social groups that remain stable across years, similar to forms of sociality observed in other vertebrates. These results suggest that live bearing has been a fundamentally important precursor in the evolutionary origins of group living in the squamates.
The LPS-inducible lncRNA Mirt2 is a negative regulator of inflammation
Authors: Du Meng , Yuan Lin , Tan Xin , Huang Dandan , Wang Xiaojing , Zheng Zhe , Mao Xiaoxiang , Li Xiangrao , Yang Liu , Huang Kun , Zhang Fengxiao , Wang Yan , Luo Xi , Huang Dan , Huang Kai 
Published: December 2017

AbstractToll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) with a crucial function in innate immune responses. Activation of TLR4 signaling at the plasma membrane by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates proinflammatory signaling pathways dependent on the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6. Here we show the LPS-induced long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Mirt2 functions as a checkpoint to prevent aberrant activation of inflammation, and is a potential regulator of macrophage polarization. Mirt2 associates with, and attenuates Lys63 (K63)-linked ubiquitination of, TRAF6, thus inhibiting activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways and limiting production of proinflammatory cytokines. Adenovirus mediated gene transfer of Mirt2 protects mice from endotoxemia induced fatality and multi-organ dysfunction. These findings identify lncRNA Mirt2 as a negative feedback regulator of excessive inflammation.
Synaesthesia-type associations and perceptual changes induced by hypnotic suggestion
Authors: Kallio Sakari , Koivisto Mika , Kaakinen Johanna K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAre synaesthetic experiences congenital and so hard-wired, or can a functional analogue be created? We induced an equivalent of form-colour synaesthesia using hypnotic suggestions in which symbols in an array (circles, crosses, squares) were suggested always to have a certain colour. In a Stroop type-naming task, three of the four highly hypnotizable participants showed a strong synaesthesia-type association between symbol and colour. This was verified both by their subjective reports and objective eye-movement behaviour. Two resembled a projector- and one an associator-type synaesthete. Participant interviews revealed that subjective experiences differed somewhat from typical (congenital) synaesthesia. Control participants who mimicked the task using cognitive strategies showed a very different response pattern. Overall, the results show that the targeted, preconsciously triggered associations and perceptual changes seen in association with congenital synaesthesia can rapidly be induced by hypnosis. They suggest that each participant’s subjective experience of the task should be carefully evaluated, especially when studying hypnotic hallucinations. Studying such experiences can increase understanding of perception, automaticity, and awareness and open unique opportunities in cognitive neuroscience and consciousness research.
Controllable Plasmonic Nanostructures induced by Dual-wavelength Femtosecond Laser Irradiation
Authors: Han Weina , Jiang Lan , Li Xiaowei , Wang Qingsong , Wang Shaojun , Hu Jie , Lu Yongfeng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe demonstrated an abnormal double-peak (annular shaped) energy deposition through dual-wavelength synthesis of the fundamental frequency (ω) and the second-harmonic frequency (2ω) of a femtosecond (fs) Ti:sapphire laser. The annular shaped distribution of the dual-wavelength fs laser was confirmed through real beam shape detection. This uniquely simple and flexible technique enables the formation of functional plasmonic nanostructures. We applied this double-peak fs-laser-induced dewetting effect to the controlled fabrication and precise deposition of Au nanostructures, by using a simple, lithography-free, and single-step process. In this process, the double-peak energy-shaped fs laser pulse induces surface patterning of a thin film followed by nanoscale hydrodynamic instability, which is highly controllable under specific irradiation conditions. Nanostructure morphology (shape, size, and distribution) modulation can be achieved by adjusting the laser irradiation parameters, and the subsequent ion-beam polishing enables further dimensional reduction and removal of the surrounding film. The unique optical properties of the resulting nanostructure are highly sensitive to the shape and size of the nanostructure. In contrast to a nanoparticle, the resonance-scattering spectrum of an Au nanobump exhibites two resonance peaks. These suggest that the dual-wavelength fs laser-based dewetting of thin films can be an effective means for the scalable manufacturing of patterned-functional nanostructures.
Integration of neurogenesis and angiogenesis models for constructing a neurovascular tissue
Authors: Uwamori Hiroyuki , Higuchi Takuya , Arai Ken , Sudo Ryo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNeurovascular unit (NVU) is a basic unit in the brain, including neurons, glial cells, blood vessels and extracellular matrix. This concept implies the importance of a three-dimensional (3D) culture model including these cell types for investigating brain functions. However, little is known about the construction of an in vitro 3D NVU model. In the present study, we aimed at constructing 3D neurovascular tissues by combining in vitro neurogenesis and angiogenesis models using a microfluidic platform, which is a critical step toward the NVU construction in vitro. Three gel conditions, which were fibrin gel, fibrin-Matrigel mixed gel and fibrin-hyaluronan mixed gel, were investigated to optimize the gel components in terms of neurogenesis and angiogenesis. First, fibrin-Matrigel mixed gel was found to promote neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation into neurons and neurite extension. In particular, 3D neural networks were constructed in 2–8 mg/ml fibrin-Matrigel mixed gel. Second, we found that capillary-like structures were also formed in the fibrin-Matrigel mixed gel by coculturing brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Finally, we combined both neural and vascular culture models and succeeded in constructing 3D neurovascular tissues with an optimized seeding condition of NSCs, BMECs and MSCs.