bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streptococcus sanguinis as an opportunistic bacteria in human oral cavity: Adherence, colonization, and invasion
Authors: Pramesti Hening Tjaturina 
Published: August 2017

Streptococcus sanguinis (formerly S. sanguis) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobe, nonmotile , normal inhabitant of the human oral cavity, and a member of the viridans group of streptococci. Among the streptococcus, S. sanguinis is a primary colonizer in the human tooth surface or it is recognize as a ‘pioneer’ by forming dental plaque. The aim of this paper is to review the role of Streptococcus sanguinis in the adherence to and invasion of human tissues. S. sanguinis has been reported that it is associated with healthy tooth surfaces but not with caries. S. sanguinis tend to involved in an interspecies interactions with Streptococcus mutans, which is known as competition/coexistence within dental biofilm. In their colonization, this bacteria used enzyme sortase A (SrtA) to cleave LPXTG-containing proteins sequence and anchored the cell wall, while virulence factors in infective endocarditis involved housekeeping functions such as cell wall synthesis, amino acid and nucleic acid synthesis, and the ability to survive under anaerobic conditions.
SOCIALY RESPONSIBLE MARKETING - YESTERDAY AND TODAY
Authors: Ilic Milena , Radnovic Branislav , D. Zivkovic Zoran 
Published: August 2017

Several factors direct the companies to apply a higher level of corporate social responsibility: the increasing expectations of customers, changes in expectations of employees, laws and government pressure, investor interest in the social criteria and changes in supply practicesThe basic principles of socially responsible marketing as an ethical business, respect for ecological principles and respect for the legislation. Organizations must ensure that all employees know and observe the relevant laws.Companies must adopt and make available to the written rules of ethics, to develop tradition of ethical conduct in the company and impose a responsibility to his men to follow ethical and legal guidelines.By adopting these or similar principles, companies can create opportunities to reduce current and future costs, strengthen competitiveness and market position and achieving greater profits.In contemporary business, more ecological component is present in the execution of business activities as an important prerequisite for improving competitive advantage and company image. Awareness of the issue of environmental protection in companies has evolved primarily as a result of the influence of customers and various non-governmental and non-profit organizations on marketing orientation of companies, and the requirements for the development of products and services that meet environmental standards and consumer needs.
Including the monetary part in macro accounting: A ‘modern’ approach to the macroeconomic accounting
Authors: TUTULMAZ Onur 
Published: August 2017

Economic output is placed at the heart of the macroeconomics. To calculate the output one needs to achieve simplifying a high level complexity of economic relationships to form a system. On the flip side, the model should be enough elaborated to be able to reflect the important relationships. In this manner, the classical macroeconomic identity as Keynes suggested is simple enough to understand the main elements but it does not show the financial parts of transactions. Not having the monetary part of the economy it lacks the coherence. With the financial and economic crises getting more frequent, more endeavour to build a more inclusive and coherent macroeconomic system has been observed. However, there are large variety in different options of simplifying and simulating complex relationships among the real and monetary part of the modern economies. Our paper tries to set an analysis comparing some of the recent prominent ideas in building balance sheet and transaction flow matrix in regard to macroeconomic accounting system. We can conclude the new achievement of including the monetary transactions in the frame causes a compromise from the simplicity for a coherent and more complete picture of macro economy.
The Role of Social Media in the ‘Syrian Uprising’
Authors: Ahmad Araz Ramazan , Hamasaeed Nazakat Hussain Hamasaeed Hussain 
Published: August 2017

This paper, which is entitled ‘The Role of Social Media in the ‘Syrian Uprising’ aimed to report on survey research conducted which identify the role of played by social media in the ‘Syrian Uprising’ Currently social media tools were good mediums of electronic communication among protesters in Syria. Further, it was a vital medium for spreading information such as photos, videos and documents about the revolution for national, regional and international spheres. This paper looked at the impact and relationship between protesters and Syrian people who used social media ,technology and the nature of its role in the ‘Syrian Uprising ‘ as well as the study has made a controversial argument between different views of scholars about the subject and its case. This paper has interviewed 30 protesters inside Syria through a survey.This study, demonstrate the appeal that social media can have both positive and negative points in the ‘Syrian uprising’.
Which Governments May Control the Mass Media: Iran and Kurdistan as a Case Study?
Authors: Ahmad Araz Ramazan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract This paper is the comparative study in order to discover the motives of using censorship on Media. The main argument of this study is to determine the "Using of Censorship on Media in different government states” Consistently, the study depends on document analysis method and academic sources as well.Correspondingly, the study focuses on Media and democracy and then Mass Media in Iran and Kurdistan region of Iraq. Finally, the law of press in Iran and Kurdistan will be analysis to know the key elements of censorship in both governments.
Contributions to the Analysis of Amendments of the Crime Ctipulated in Article 43 of Law no. 255/1998 on the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Made by Law no. 187/2012 for the Enforcement of Law no. 286/2009 on the Criminal Code
Authors: Florea Bujorel 
Published: August 2017

The article brings into question the criminal protection of new varieties of plants. The author presents certain judicial norms, as previous issues, concerning the occurrence and protection of the rights over new varieties of plants through the granting of the variety patent.Furthermore, the study indicates the amendments made by Law no. 187/2012 on the enforcement of Law no. 286/2009 on the Criminal Code, concerning the counterfeiting crime incriminated in Law no. 255/1998 on the protection of new varieties of plants. Finally, the author underlines the specific elements of the contents of the investigated crime, thus providing the concerned parties with a table enabling, through the implementation thereof, the detection of the determining factors in the establishment and holding of the criminal liability of individuals infringing the rights of the plant variety patent holders, through counterfeiting.
Postmodernist Identity Construction and Consumption
Authors: KARABABA Reyhan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. With the transition from modernism to postmodernism, identity as a concept has started to become redefined in sociology literature. The aim of this study is to show that postmodernism and symbolic interactionism are fused together to delineate both the scene as well as an actor’s identity. In that way, the interaction of a social structure with a culture that won’t be completely ignored, and, with the opinion that the categorized roles can skillfully be shaped and diversified by actors, it is possible to refrain from a pure determinism. But the transformation to enter different roles lacks meaning. Individuals pay more attention to their appearance more than who they are in order to be accepted by each group. In this manner, a metaphysical shell game begins. In the following study, the “Social Appearance Anxiety” was used as an indicator of this game. And to determine who is willing to play the game, cultural parameters were utilized. This study was based on the analysis of the data collected through two questionnaires given to 181 students studying at Hitit University. The INDCOL questionnaire [Singelis et al., 1995] measuring cultural values and “Social Appearance Anxiety” scale developed by [Hart, 2008] were used in the study.
Protection of Intellectual Property and its Economic Aspects
Authors: Pelegrinová Lenka , Lačný Martin 
Published: August 2017

Intellectual property as assets in intangible form is classified in most countries under the definitions of the TRIPS Agreement and PCT according to the manner of its protection. This article presents results of an analysis of relationship between the protection of intellectual property rights at certain globalization level and verification of their influence on economic indicators in the selected countries of the research sample – 32 countries of a similar intellectual property protection system under the PCT. An examination of the level of globalization as a quantitative marker was enabled by the KOF Index of Globalization. The time and cross-sectional data enabled to test 352 objections by applying a non-parametric statistical method – panel data regression with the effect of random cross-sectional variables. The conclusions show that there is a statistically significant probability of the relation between the quantity of registered patents and the level of gross domestic product, gross domestic product per capita and adjusted net national income.
On Searching for a Stepwise Channel for the Mechanism of a 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition between a Thiocarbonyl S-Oxide and C20 Fullerene using Born–Oppenheimer ab Initio QM/MM Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Gouran Ali Asghar , Asghari Sakineh 
Published: August 2017

The probability of existence of a stepwise route which is in parallel with the well-known concerted pathway for the mechanism of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is debated by many researchers. As the route is stepwise, it would lead to emergence of at least a metastable intermediate which would produce some stereoisomers such as enantiomers and diastereomers. In 1986 the first clear stepwise example for a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition was reported by Huisgen where an electron-poor alkene was reacted with a thiocarbonyl ylide. Since then, researchers have focused on the thiocarbonyl ylide 1,3-dipolar group in finding more stepwise examples. It was found that some reactions of a thiocarbonyl ylide with some dipolarophiles proceeded by a stepwise route, while others did not. This situation led us to investigate the probability of existence a stepwise route in parallel with the concerted path for the reaction of methyl thiocarbonyl S-oxide and C20 fullerene as a chemically active and nano-dimension electronegative alkene. To give more reliable data, Born–Oppenheimer ab initio QM/MM molecular dynamics was used.
0.7–2.5 μm Spectra of Hilda Asteroids
Authors: Wong Ian , Brown Michael E. , Emery Joshua P. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The Hilda asteroids are primitive bodies in resonance with Jupiter whose origin and physical properties are not well understood. Current models posit that these asteroids formed in the outer solar system and were scattered along with the Jupiter Trojans into their present-day positions during a chaotic episode of dynamical restructuring. In order to explore the surface composition of these enigmatic objects in comparison with an analogous study of Trojans, we present new near-infrared spectra (0.7–2.5 μm) of 25 Hilda asteroids. No discernible absorption features are apparent in the data. Synthesizing the bimodalities in optical color and infrared reflectivity reported in previous studies, we classify 26 of the 28 Hildas in our spectral sample into the so-called less-red and red sub-populations and find that the two sub-populations have distinct average spectral shapes. Combining our results with visible spectra, we find that Trojans and Hildas possess similar overall spectral shapes, suggesting that the two minor body populations share a common progenitor population. A more detailed examination reveals that while the red Trojans and Hildas have nearly identical spectra, less-red Hildas are systematically bluer in the visible and redder in the near-infrared than less-red Trojans, indicating a putative broad, shallow absorption feature between 0.5 and 1.0 μm. We argue that the less-red and red objects found in both Hildas and Trojans represent two distinct surface chemistries and attribute the small discrepancy between less-red Hildas and Trojans to the difference in surface temperatures between the two regions.
A Search for Rapidly Pulsating Hot Subdwarf Stars in the GALEX Survey
Authors: Boudreaux Thomas M. , Barlow Brad N. , Fleming Scott W. , Soto Alan Vasquez , Million Chase , Reichart Dan E. , Haislip Josh B. , Linder Tyler R. , Moore Justin P. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
NASA’s Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) provided near- and far-UV observations for approximately 77% of the sky over a 10-year period; however, the data reduction pipeline initially only released single NUV and FUV images to the community. The recently released Python module gPhoton changes this, allowing calibrated time-series aperture photometry to be extracted easily from the raw GALEX data set. Here we use gPhoton to generate light curves for all hot subdwarf B (sdB) stars that were observed by GALEX, with the intention of identifying short-period, p-mode pulsations. We find that the spacecraft’s short visit durations, uneven gaps between visits, and dither pattern make the detection of hot subdwarf pulsations difficult. Nonetheless, we detect UV variations in four previously known pulsating targets and report their UV pulsation amplitudes and frequencies. Additionally, we find that several other sdB targets not previously known to vary show promising signals in their periodograms. Using optical follow-up photometry with the Skynet Robotic Telescope Network, we confirm p-mode pulsations in one of these targets, LAMOST J082517.99+113106.3, and report it as the most recent addition to the sdBV
r
class of variable stars.
ALMA Observations of Circumnuclear Disks in Early-type Galaxies: 12CO(2−1) and Continuum Properties
Authors: Boizelle Benjamin D. , Barth Aaron J. , Darling Jeremy , Baker Andrew J. , Buote David A. , Ho Luis C. , Walsh Jonelle L. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We present results from an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle 2 program to map CO(2−1) emission in nearby early-type galaxies (ETGs) that host circumnuclear gas disks. We obtained ∼0.″3 resolution Band 6 observations of seven ETGs selected on the basis of dust disks in Hubble Space Telescope images. We detect CO emission in five at high signal-to-noise ratio with the remaining two only faintly detected. All CO emission is coincident with the dust and is in dynamically cold rotation. Four ETGs show evidence of rapid central rotation; these are prime candidates for higher-resolution ALMA observations to measure the black hole masses. In this paper, we focus on the molecular gas and continuum properties. Total gas masses and H2 column densities for our five CO-bright galaxies are on average ∼108
M
☉ and

cm−2 over the ∼kpc-scale disks, and analysis suggests that these disks are stabilized against gravitational fragmentation. The continuum emission of all seven galaxies is dominated by a central unresolved source, and in five we also detect a spatially extended component. The ∼230 GHz nuclear continua are modeled as power laws ranging from

to

within the observed frequency band. The extended continuum profiles of the two radio-bright (and CO-faint) galaxies are roughly aligned with their radio jet and suggest resolved synchrotron jets. The extended continua of the CO-bright disks are coincident with optically thick dust absorption and have spectral slopes that are consistent with thermal dust emission.
Spatial Inhomogeneity of Kinetic and Magnetic Dissipations in Thermal Convection
Authors: Hotta H. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We investigate the inhomogeneity of kinetic and magnetic dissipations in thermal convection using high-resolution calculations. In statistically steady turbulence, the injected and dissipated energies are balanced. This means that a large amount of energy is continuously converted into internal energy via dissipation. As in thermal convection, downflows are colder than upflows and the inhomogeneity of the dissipation potentially changes the convection structure. Our investigation of the inhomogeneity of the dissipation shows the following. (1) More dissipation is seen around the bottom of the calculation domain, and this tendency is promoted with the magnetic field. (2) The dissipation in the downflow is much larger than that in the upflow. The dissipation in the downflow is more than 80% of the total at maximum. This tendency is also promoted with the magnetic field. (3) Although 2D probability density functions of the kinetic and magnetic dissipations versus the vertical velocity are similar, the kinetic and magnetic dissipations are not well correlated. Our result suggests that the spatial inhomogeneity of the dissipation is significant and should be considered when modeling a small-scale strong magnetic field generated with an efficient small-scale dynamo for low-resolution calculations.
NGC 1866: First Spectroscopic Detection of Fast-rotating Stars in a Young LMC Cluster
Authors: Dupree A. K. , Dotter A. , Johnson C. I. , Marino A. F. , Milone A. P. , Bailey J. I. , Crane J. D. , Mateo M. , Olszewski E. W. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
High-resolution spectroscopic observations were taken of 29 extended main-sequence turnoff (eMSTO) stars in the young (∼200 Myr) Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) cluster, NGC 1866, using the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System and MSpec spectrograph on the Magellan-Clay 6.5 m telescope. These spectra reveal the first direct detection of rapidly rotating stars whose presence has only been inferred from photometric studies. The eMSTO stars exhibit Hα emission (indicative of Be-star decretion disks), others have shallow broad Hα absorption (consistent with rotation ≳150 km s−1), or deep Hα core absorption signaling lower rotation velocities (≲150 km s−1). The spectra appear consistent with two populations of stars—one rapidly rotating, and the other, younger and slowly rotating.
Penser politiquement les activités politiques en ligne
Authors: Rueff Julien 
Published: August 2017

Pour analyser les dimensions et les enjeux politiques des technologies de communication numérique, les recherches actuelles en sciences sociales reposent le plus souvent sur une conception déterminée de la démocratie, une théorie de l’action collective, une conception relationnelle du pouvoir ou une tradition théorique en économie politique. Bien que la fécondité de ces différentes approches ne fasse aucun doute, cet article souhaite questionner la possibilité d’appréhender politiquement le « Web politique » au prisme de ces perspectives théoriques. Il s’agit par là même d’interroger leur capacité à conférer une intelligibilité politique aux articulations entre Internet et la politique. Pour entreprendre cette réflexion, nous aurons recours à la conception gramscienne du pouvoir politique, en nous attardant notamment sur la place centrale qu’elle accorde à l’histoire et aux relations d’antagonisme. Nous explorerons comment celle-ci peut redéfinir les coordonnées d’une problématisation des articulations entre Internet et la politique.
<b>Tilapia by-product hydrolysate powder in diets for Nile tilapia larvae
Authors: Sary Cesar , Paris Leandro Daniel de , Bernardi Daniela Miotto , Lewandowiski Vanessa , Signor Altevir , Boscolo Wilson Rogério 
Published: August 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the digestibility of tilapia by-product protein hydrolysate powder (TBHP) from tilapia filleting by-product, and its inclusion in diets for Nile tilapia larvae. In order to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients, two diets were formulated, the reference diet and the test diet (20% of TBHP) and, to evaluate the inclusion, six diets were formulated, which were with 0.0, 2.0; 4.0; 6.0, and 8.0% of TBHP. The apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein and gross energy were 89.5 and 98.3%, respectively. At levels above 4.0% of inclusion of TBHP, the weight, final length and weight gain were impaired, however, survival rate was higher (p < 0.05). The TBHP can be used in diets for tilapia due to the high digestibility coefficients for crude protein and gross energy. The inclusion of up to 4.0% of TBHP does not affect the reproductive performance and survival rate of Nile tilapia larvae.
Africanisation as an agent of theological education in Africa
Authors: Mashabela James K. 
Published: August 2017

This article focuses on the response of Africanisation to Western theological education in Africa, which has for centuries become a theological problem for the African context. In this 21st century, Africanisation is at the centre of the African discourse and focuses on the realities of our African context. Therefore, theological education in Africa should be Africanised in order to seriously engage the aspects of Africanisation. The struggle against colonial education was to ensure that Africa is liberated from unjust educational oppression, socio-economic oppression, poverty, racism, political oppression and gender injustice. In this regard, Africanisation is an agent to address the introduced Western theological education in Africa. Yet the two concepts, namely commercialisation and commodification, have an influence on theological education in Africa.
Physiotherapy management of patients undergoing thoracotomy procedure: A survey of current practice in Gauteng
Authors: Schwellnus Liezel , Roos Ronel , Naidoo Vaneshveri 
Published: August 2017

Background: Physiotherapy is included in the management of patients undergoing thoracic surgery. The aim of this study was to describe physiotherapy practice in the management of patients who undergo an open thoracotomy.Methods: A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was undertaken. An electronic self-administered questionnaire was distributed via SurveyMonkey to 1389 physiotherapists registered with the South African Society of Physiotherapy in Gauteng. The data collection period was August and September 2014 and data were analysed descriptively.Results: A total of 323 physiotherapists (23.3%) responded to the survey and 141 (10.2%) indicated that they treated patients with open thoracotomies. Preoperative treatment was done by 65 (41.6%) and consisted of teaching supported coughing (92.3%; n = 60), sustained maximal inspiration (70.8%; n = 46) and the active cycle of breathing technique (69.2%; n = 45). One hundred and sixteen (82.3%) respondents treated patients during their hospital stay. Deep breathing exercises (97.6%; n = 83), coughing (95.3%; n = 81), early mobilisation (95.3%; n = 81), upper limb mobility exercises (91.8%; n = 78), chest wall vibrations (88.2%; n = 75) and trunk mobility exercises (85.9%; n = 73) were done frequently. Pain management modalities were less common, for example transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (12.9%; n = 11). Post hospital physiotherapy management was uncommon (32.6%; n = 46).Conclusion: Physiotherapy related to early mobilisation in hospital is in line with evidence-based practice, but further education is needed regarding the need for physiotherapy post hospital discharge and pain management.