bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semiotic food, semiotic cooking: The ritual of preparation and consumption of hallacas in Venezuela
Authors: Finol José Enrique , Pérez Beatriz 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe purposes of this paper are, first of all, to present a model of semiotic ritual in food consumption, and, second, to carry out a general analysis of the rites of preparation and consumption of the traditional Venezuelan Christmas dish known as hallaca, a particular kind of tamal well known in most Caribbean and Latin American countries. Our ethnographic research is based on the observation and participation field method, during which we have taken photographs, held interviews, and had discussions with actors involved in this family ritual. We have also taken advantage of our own thirty years of experience as direct participant actors. In its first part, this paper presents some theoretical and conceptual definitions that guide us through the analysis. Hallaca is not only a strong symbol in historical and contemporary Venezuelan culinary culture but it is also a living expression of a particular syncretic mixing of semiotic and culinary elements and cultural traditions. We conclude that, as a whole, semiotics of food will benefit from a ritual and symbolic approach to what is done before, during, and after cooking and consuming food. Our analysis shows as well that hallaca preparation and consumption is not only a matter of gathering and having fun but a strong, deep rooted way of expressing, communicating, and renewing profound values and beliefs among family members.
Semiosis of intercultural cooking: The nineteenth century travel literature as a case study
Authors: Bernoussi Mohamed 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMy interest in culinary dates back to approximately fifteen years ago when I collaborated with [Béatrice Fink 1999. The cultural topography of food. Special issue, Eighteenth century life 23(2)] on a special issue of Eighteenth Century Life on food topography. I proposed then a study on the reactions of an English physician to Moroccan food, mainly couscous and tea. I continued working on other studies, and I realized how much a semiotics of food could serve the history of mentalities and private lives. While doing my research, I discovered the works of Jean Louis Flandrin 1986. La distinction par le goût. In Roger Chartier (ed.), Histoire de la vie privée de la Renaissance aux Lumières, vol. 3, 267–309. Paris: Seuil and Flandrin 1992. Chronique de Platine: Pour une gastronomie historique. Paris: Odile Jacob), who had contributed to the same volume directed by Fink and also represented a great inspiration for me. I felt that I was concerned with the study of the relation with the Other, with culture shock or encounter through travelers’ reactions to the food or the culinary, the prepared dish, and the consumed product in ceremonies or in private occasions. While thinking about these points, I asked myself the following questions: in which way does the reaction to food reveal the attitude of the traveler, his prejudices on the culture, the society, the food or the dish in question? In which way would reaction to food reveal his culture? This article explores these and other related issues.
Analyzing model robustness via a distortion of the stochastic root: A Dirichlet prior approach
Authors: Mai Jan-Frederik , Schenk Steffen , Scherer Matthias 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
It is standard in quantitative risk management to model a random vector

𝐗
:
=

{

X

t
k

}

k
=
1
,
...
,
d

${\mathbf {X}:=\lbrace X_{t_k}\rbrace _{k=1,\ldots ,d}}$

of consecutive log-returns to ultimately analyze the probability law of the accumulated return

X

t
1

+
⋯
+

X

t
d

${X_{t_1}+\cdots +X_{t_d}}$

.
By the Markov regression representation (see [25]), any stochastic model for

𝐗

${\mathbf {X}}$

can be represented as

X

t
k

=

f
k

(

X

t
1

,
...
,

X

t

k
-
1

,

U
k

)

${X_{t_k}=f_k(X_{t_1},\ldots ,X_{t_{k-1}},U_k)}$

,

k
=
1
,
...
,
d

${k=1,\ldots ,d}$

, yielding a decomposition into a vector

𝐔
:
=

{

U
k

}

k
=
1
,
...
,
d

${\mathbf {U}:=\lbrace U_{k}\rbrace _{k=1,\ldots ,d}}$

of i.i.d. random variables accounting for the randomness in the model, and a function

f
:
=

{

f
k

}

k
=
1
,
...
,
d

${f:=\lbrace f_k\rbrace _{k=1,\ldots ,d}}$

representing the economic reasoning behind. For most models, f is known explicitly and Uk
may be interpreted as an exogenous risk factor affecting the return X

t

k

in time step k. While existing literature addresses model uncertainty by manipulating the function f, we introduce a new philosophy by distorting the source of randomness

𝐔

${\mathbf {U}}$

and interpret this as an analysis of the model's robustness. We impose consistency conditions for a reasonable distortion and present a suitable probability law and a stochastic representation for

𝐔

${\mathbf {U}}$

based on a Dirichlet prior. The resulting framework has one parameter

c
∈
[
0
,
∞
]

${c\in [0,\infty ]}$

tuning the severity of the imposed distortion. The universal nature of the methodology is illustrated by means of a case study comparing the effect of the distortion to different models for

𝐗

${\mathbf {X}}$

. As a mathematical byproduct, the consistency conditions of the suggested distortion function reveal interesting insights into the dependence structure between samples from a Dirichlet prior.
Relaciones morfometricas cráneo cervicales del plano oclusal y validación de oclusometría
Authors: Frugone-Zambra Raúl , Villalobos-Ortega Rodrigo , Jara María Rocío 
Published: May 2016

Introducción: la proyección dorsal del plano oclusal y su inclinación en relación con la base de cráneo son indispensables para generar un análisis cefalométrico simple para rehabilitadores. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo sobre telerradiografías de perfil de cráneo completo en 124 sujetos consecutivos de ambos sexos. Se determinó el lugar de proyección del plano oclusal teórico sobre la columna cervical y se midió su angulación con respecto a la línea C1 del Análisis Arquitectural y Estructural de Delaire (AAED). Se analizaron los resultados según sexo y entre las distintas clases esqueletales definidas por el mismo análisis. Basado en ello, se propuso un análisis simple para la determinación de la posición del plano oclusal con respecto a la columna cervical, la base de cráneo y la altura facial (Oclusometría). La oclusometría se validó contrastándola con el AAED completo. Resultados: de un total de 124 sujetos, 68 sujetos proyectaron el plano oclusal sobre la porción inferior del atlas y 36 sobre la articulación atlas-axis. En relación al ángulo del plano oclusal con C1, se obtuvieron valores entre 7 y 14 grados con un promedio de 9,8º y una moda de 10º. No se observó diferencia entre clases esqueletales ni entre sexos. Con esto se propuso un análisis denominado oclusometría. Un estudio descriptivo con análisis sobre 42 telerradiografías de perfil de sujetos sin desgaste dentario ni alteraciones del crecimiento validó la oclusometría como estudio complementario en la determinación de la ubicación del plano oclusal. Conclusión: el plano oclusal tiende a mantener una posición estable en el espacio lo que permite generar un estudio sobre telerradiografías validado y útil para ayudar en la determinación de la posición del plano oclusal dentro de los límites de la dimensión vertical oclusal.
Preventative Medicine as a Tool to Ensure Health Equity for Disadvantaged Populations: An Interview with Dr. Kevin Pottie
Authors: Rashid Mohammed K. , Abdul-Fattah Hiba 
Published: May 2016

“An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” —Benjamin Franklin. In this article, we interview Dr. Kevin Pottie, MD. Dr. Pottie is well known for his clinical and research work on preventative medicine, health equity and evidence-based guidelines, particularly as they relate to disadvantaged populations. We discuss with Dr. Pottie his career as a clinician investigator. He guides us through his journey and shares with us important advice on caring for newly arriving Syrian refugees based on recent published guidelines. « Mieux vaut prévenir que guérir. » —Benjamin Franklin. Dans cet article, nous interviewons Dr Kevin Pottie, MD. Dr Pottie est reconnu pour sa recherche clinique en médecine préventive et en santé équitable particulièrement dans le domaine des populations désavan­tagées. Dans cette entrevue, Dr Pottie discutera de sa carrière en tant que chercheur clinique et nous partagera des conseils importants sur les soins à donner aux réfugiés syriens nouvellement arrivés au Canada. Ses conseils sont fondés sur des lignes directrices nouvel­lement publiées.
Taking On Tobacco: A Discussion with Dr. Andrew Pipe About His Career and The Ottawa Model for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Johnstone Devon L , Loranger Matthew W 
Published: May 2016

Dr. Andrew Pipe is chief of the division of Prevention and Rehabilitation at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute and Professor in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Ottawa. He completed his medical training at Queen’s University, and interned at The Ottawa Hospital, beginning a career path which combined his interests in sports medicine, health promotion, and advocacy. He has been a physician for athletes at the international level, served on several sporting and anti-doping organizations, and is recognized as a leading expert on cardiovascular disease prevention, physical activity, and smoking cessation. Dr Andrew Pipe est professeur à la Faculté de médecine à l’Université d’Ottawa et il est également responsable de la division de prévention et de réhabilitation à l’Institut de cardiologie de l’Université d’Ottawa. Dr Pipe a terminé son éducation à l’Université de Queen’s et son entrainement à l’Hôpital d’Ottawa où il a commencé sa carrière dans un domaine incluant la médecine sportive, la promotion de la santé et la défense des droits. Il a été médecin pour les athlètes au niveau international et il est reconnu comme un expert sur la prévention de maladies cardiovasculaires, sur l’activité physique, et sur la cessation du tabagisme.
Late Amputation Following Refracture After Removal of Multiplanar Circular External Fixator for Treatment of Severe Combat-Related Tibial Fracture
Authors: Hanley Matthew G. , Chi Benjamin , Bernstock Joshua D. , Caples Connor M. , Kang Daniel G. , Potter Benjamin K. , Gordon Wade T. 
Published: May 2016

Case:
The multiplanar circular external fixator is commonly used in the treatment of severe combat-related tibial fractures. We present the case of a patient who sustained a refracture after removal of such a fixator. This complication contributed to failure of the limb salvage and ultimately resulted in the patient undergoing transtibial amputation.

Conclusion:
The choice to pursue limb salvage or amputation must be a shared decision between the patient and provider. This discussion must now include the possibility of refracture if limb salvage is pursued using multiplanar circular external fixation. Further study is also required to define fracture stability after the removal of a multiplanar circular external fixator.
Rupture of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon in a Pediatric Athlete
Authors: Wiseman Stephen P. , Beran Matthew C. , Warahadpande Shantanu , MacDonald James P. 
Published: May 2016

Case:
We report a case of an adolescent athlete who sustained an isolated rupture of the long head of the biceps tendon and was subsequently treated with subpectoral biceps tenodesis.

Conclusion:
Provided that there is no damage to the rotator cuff, an open biceps tenodesis may be performed in this young patient population with good short-term outcomes and return to full activity.
Comparison of Dill Seed Oil Mouth Rinse and Chlorhexidine Mouth Rinse on Plaque Levels and Gingivitis - A Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Eshwar Shruthi , K Rekha , Jain Vipin , Manvi Supriya , Kohli Shivani , Bhatia Shekhar 
Published: May 2016

Introduction:
Mouthrinses have been in use for centuries as breath fresheners, medicaments, and antiseptics. Dill is said to be a good source of calcium, manganese and iron. It contains flavonoids known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. Dill can help with microbial infections in the mouth; and its anti-oxidants minimize damage caused by free radicals to the gums and teeth. Being a good source of calcium, dill also helps with bone and dental health.

Aims and Objectives:
To compare the effectiveness of commercially available 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse and dill seed oil mouthrinse on plaque levels and gingivitis.

Material and Methods:
A randomized controlled, double blind parallel arm study was conducted over 90 days on 90 subjects. The subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups and baseline data was collected using Loe and Silness gingival index and Quigley Hein plaque index and oral prophylaxis was performed on all the subjects. The mouthrinses included in the present study were dill seed oil and Hexodent (0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate). Intervention regarding the mouthrinsing was given to the subjects and were followed up for 45 days and 90 days, after this post intervention changes were assessed using the respective indices.

Results:
It was observed that there is no significant difference in gingival & plaque scores among two mouthrinses from baseline to 45 days and 90 days. It was observed that there is statistical difference in gingival and plaque scores when compared with baseline to 45 days (p<0.001), baseline to 90 days (p<0.001) and 45 days to 90 days (p<0.001) when intergroup comparisons were done.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that dill seed oil and Hexodent (0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate) mouthrinse have similar antiplaque and antigingival effectiveness.
Effects of maropitant in cats receiving dexmedetomidine and morphine
Authors: Martin-Flores Manuel , Sakai Daniel M. , Learn McKenzie M. , Mastrocco Alicia , Campoy Luis , Boesch Jordyn M. , Gleed Robin D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of maropitant in cats receiving dexmedetomidine and morphine.
DESIGN Randomized controlled trial.
ANIMALS 66 healthy female domestic shorthair cats.
PROCEDURES Cats were randomly assigned to receive maropitant (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb], SC; maropitant group; n = 32) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.1 mL/kg [0.045 mL/lb], SC; control group; 34) 20 hours before IM administration of dexmedetomidine (20 μg/kg [9.1 μg/lb]) and morphine (0.1 mg/kg). Following administration of dexmedetomidine and morphine, the incidences of emesis, retching, and signs of nausea (sialorrhea and lip licking) were compared between the 2 groups. The aversive behavioral response of each cat to injection of maropitant or saline solution was scored on a visual analogue scale by each of 4 observers who were unaware of the treatment administered.
RESULTS Only 1 of 32 cats in the maropitant group vomited, whereas 20 of 34 control cats vomited. The incidences of emesis and retching for the maropitant group were significantly lower than those for the control group. The incidence of signs of nausea did not differ between the 2 groups. Visual analogue scale scores for the maropitant group were significantly higher than those for the control group.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of the present study indicated that administration of maropitant to healthy cats approximately 20 hours prior to administration of dexmedetomidine and morphine significantly decreased the incidence of emesis but did not decrease the incidence of signs of nausea. However, maropitant appeared to cause substantial discomfort when injected SC.
Effects of intramuscular injection of glycopyrrolate on Schirmer tear test I results in dogs
Authors: Doering Clinton J. , Lukasik Victoria M. , Merideth Reuben E. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine effects of glycopyrrolate administered IM on Schirmer tear test I (STT I) measurements in dogs.
DESIGN Prospective clinical study.
ANIMALS 13 client- and staff-owned dogs.
PROCEDURES For both eyes of each dog, STT I measurements were recorded twice 20 minutes apart (at T1 and T2) and 2 to 4 hours later (at T3). Glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg [0.005 mg/lb]) was administered IM to all dogs (3 dogs received an injection of saline [0.9% NaCl] solution on an earlier occasion), and final STT I measurements were recorded 20 minutes later (at T4). Intraocular pressures, heart rate, and respiratory rate were also recorded at each time point.
RESULTS Ophthalmic variables did not differ between right and left eyes. In all dogs, variables at T1, T2, or T3 (measurements before glycopyrrolate administration) did not differ; baseline values were therefore defined at T3. At T4, STT I measurements were significantly decreased (mean ± SD decrease, 67.4 ± 15.4% [mean actual decrease, 15.8 mm/min]). During the same period, mean heart rate increased by 26.5 ± 12.0% (mean actual increase, 30.2 beats/min). Glycopyrrolate had no effect on intraocular pressure or respiratory rate. In 5 dogs at 24 hours after glycopyrrolate treatment, STT I measurement in each eye had returned to baseline value. Saline solution treatment (3 dogs) had no effect on any variables.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In dogs, IM injection of glycopyrrolate resulted in a clinically relevant transient decrease in aqueous tear production. Application of lacrimomimetics beginning at the time of or within 20 minutes after glycopyrrolate premedication is recommended until STT I measurements return to baseline.
Key innovations and climatic niche divergence as drivers of diversification in subtropical Gentianinae in southeastern and eastern Asia
Authors: Matuszak Sabine , Favre Adrien , Schnitzler Jan , Muellner‐Riehl Alexandra N. 
Published: May 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Geological and climatic changes associated with the uplift of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) have been suggested as drivers for biological diversification locally and in neighboring regions. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the niche evolution of Tripterospermum (Gentianaceae) and related Asian genera through time.METHODS:We conducted Species Distribution Modeling using Maximum Entropy Modeling (MaxEnt). Furthermore, we performed stochastic character mapping and produced disparity‐through‐time plots, and examined putative key innovations using the binary state speciation and extinction approach (BISSE).KEY RESULTS:Kuepferia and Sinogentiana prefer the coolest and driest habitat, having rather conserved niches. Despite a tendency for niche evolution, Crawfurdia and Metagentiana are probably restricted to a narrow distribution range because of their poor dispersal ability. In contrast, Tripterospermum has the broadest niche and occurs under the warmest and wettest conditions. A higher degree of niche evolution and a more efficient dispersal mechanism allowed this genus to diversify more and occupy a broader distribution range.CONCLUSIONS:The QTP genera producing dry capsules, whether displaying niche conservatism (Kuepferia and Sinogentiana) or a tendency for niche evolution (Crawfurdia and Metagentiana), are less species‐rich and have a more restricted distribution than Tripterospermum (stronger niche evolution and berry‐like fruits). The evolution of berry‐like fruits corresponds to increased speciation rates, and could therefore be viewed as a key innovation. In contrast to the majority of studies on plants occurring around the QTP, we find that speciation was probably mediated by niche breadth and dispersal ability rather than geophysical changes.
Plagiarism and academic integrity in Germany
Authors: Ruipérez Germán , García-Cabrero José-Carlos 
Published: May 2016

Since the 18th century, Germany is perhaps one of the European countries that has had the most intense public debate on dishonest scientific and academic practices, particularly in relation to doctoral theses. This debate was particularly productive in the late 19th century, giving rise thereafter to the obligatory publication of all doctoral theses as a prior requisite before the title of Doctor can be conferred by any German university. This paper presents the most significant progress regarding plagiarism and academic integrity, especially since the 2011 scandal concerning plagiarism in the doctoral thesis of the Minister Guttenberg, such as the creation of an effective collaborative investigation method for plagiarism in a scientific or academic work using the Internet and social media, which resulted in the «VroniPlag» Wiki. Also, the last two years have seen the definitive consolidation of the figure of «Ombudsman for Science» as a national instrument to prevent, manage and combat scientific dishonesty, as well as the publication in 2013 of a new version of the reference manual in this regard, «Safeguarding Good Scientific Practice». Finally, this paper analyses the conclusions of the German experience about academic ethics from a historical perspective, since its recent achievements and progress can serve as a reference for other European countries.
Alemania es quizá uno de los países europeos que, ya desde el siglo XVIII, ha mantenido un debate público más intenso sobre prácticas científicas y académicas deshonestas, relacionadas especialmente con tesis doctorales. Este debate fue especialmente productivo a finales del siglo XIX, dando lugar desde entonces, para evitar estas prácticas inaceptables, a la obligatoriedad de publicar todas las tesis doctorales, como requisito previo a la expedición del título de doctor por cualquier universidad alemana. Este trabajo analiza los avances más importantes en plagio e integridad académica en Alemania, especialmente después del escándalo surgido en 2011 a raíz del plagio de la tesis doctoral del Ministro de Defensa Guttenberg, como son la creación de una eficaz metodología colaborativa de investigación del plagio en trabajos científicos o académicos utilizando Internet y las redes sociales, materializada en la Wiki «VroniPlag». También se describe someramente en este trabajo la consolidación definitiva de la figura del «Defensor de la Ciencia», como instrumento de ámbito nacional para prevenir, gestionar y combatir la deshonestidad científica, aparte de la publicación en 2013 de una nueva versión del manual de referencia al respecto «Sicherung guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis». Por último se analizan las conclusiones de la experiencia alemana relacionada con la ética académica, también desde una perspectiva histórica, pues sus recientes logros y avances pueden servir de referencia a otros países europeos.