bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole otolith elemental analysis reveals feeding migration patterns causing growth rate differences in anadromous whitefish from the Baltic Sea
Authors: Hägerstrand Henry , Heimbrand Yvette , von Numers Mikael , Lill Jan‐Olof , Jokikokko Erkki , Huhmarniemi Alpo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractImpact of feeding migration pattern on growth rate of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) from River Kemijoki was investigated. River Kemijoki is located in the northernmost Gulf of Bothnia (Baltic Sea). Whitefish ascending the river to spawn show major growth rate variations. To study whether these variations are related to different feeding areas (migratory connectivity), whole otoliths from fast‐growing (FASTG) whitefish (n = 9, age 4 years, average weight 790 g) and slowly growing (SLOWLYG) whitefish (n = 9, age 8 years, average weight 600 g) were analysed for elemental (Ba, Sr, Mg, Zn, Mn, Ca) concentrations by inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry. Results showed that the FASTG whitefish had much lower otolith Ba concentration (~45%, p ≤ .01) than SLOWLYG whitefish, revealing that FASTG whitefish have spent more time in water of higher salinity/lower latitude, that is at feeding grounds in the southern Gulf of Bothnia. Otoliths of the FASTG whitefish had also higher Mg (~25%, p ≤ .001) and Zn (~20%, p ≤ .05) concentrations, but lower Ca (~5%, p ≤ .01) concentrations, than the otoliths from SLOWLYG whitefish. These results further reveal that FASTG and SLOWLYG whitefish have been spatially separated. In conclusion, bulk otolith elemental analysis revealed spatial separation and migration differences in river‐spawning whitefish subpopulations in the Gulf of Bothnia, which apparently lead to differences in fish growth rate. Our results increase the understanding of river‐spawning whitefish biology and its population structure and dynamics and may contribute to a sustainable management of river‐spawning whitefish stocks.
The Consequences of Predation Risk on the Male Territorial Behavior in a Solitary Bee
Authors: Oliveira Reisla , R. Pereira Christiane , A. F. D. Pimentel Ana Laura , Schlindwein Clemens 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTerritorial males may adopt a mating tactic that yields greater reproductive success but that at the same time increases the risk of predation. Plasticity in reproductive behavior can reflect a balance between sexual selection and natural selection. In this study, we sought to verify the effect of predation risk on territorial behavior of males of the solitary bee Ptilothrix fructifera (Apidae). Males of the species employ alternative mating tactics and can be territorial in defense of larval food sources. By manipulating predator models in the field, we tested whether (1) males avoid perch flowers containing predator models; (2) males alternate between mating tactics when their territory is associated with a predation risk; and (3) female foraging on flowers in a territory is altered in the presence of a predator model. We measured the responses of males and females in flowers containing and not containing a model of a spider or a stuffed bird. The results show that territorial males of P. fructifera alter their territorial behavior when faced with a high risk of predation. They do not abandon their territory or change to a non‐territorial mating tactic, but instead change the use of their territory, avoiding flowers containing predator models or perching on other flowers when the previous flower presented a potential predation risk. Female P. fructifera decreases the frequency of their visits to flowers and the length of time spent there in the presence of a spider model. In short, in the face of predation risk, females and males alter their behaviors at the cost of less efficient foraging and searching for partners, respectively.
Congenital macrothrombocytopenia is a heterogeneous disorder in India
Authors: Ali S. , Ghosh K. , Daly M. E. , Hampshire D. J. , Makris M. , Ghosh M. , Mukherjee L. , Bhattacharya M. , Shetty S. 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionInherited macrothrombocytopenia represents a heterogeneous group of disorders which are characterized by the presence of a reduced number of abnormally large platelets in the circulation, which may or may not be associated with a bleeding tendency. In spite of several causative genes having been identified, the underlying genetic defects remain to be identified in approximately half of the cases.AimsTo understand the molecular pathology of isolated giant platelet disorder from India.Materials and methodsWe studied 112 cases that were referred for investigation of macrothrombocytopenia. Agonist induced platelet aggregation and platelet GP1b/IX/V receptor expression were investigated to assess GP1b/IX/V receptor expression and the GP1BA, GP1BB, GP9, ABCG5, ABCG8, TUBB1 and MYH9 genes were analysed to identify candidate gene defects.ResultsTwenty‐three candidate gene defects were identified in 48 of 112 cases, 20 of which were novel. Of the candidate defects identified, 91% were missense and 9% were nonsense variations. The missense variations were in GP9 (9), ABCG5 (4), GP1BB (3), GP1BA (3) and MYH9 (2), while the nonsense defects occurred in MYH9 (1) and GP1BA (1).ConclusionsThis study increases the understanding of the molecular basis of an isolated giant platelet disorder, a common heterogeneous condition prevalent in north and eastern India.
Necessary but not sufficient? Engaging young people in the development of an avatar‐based online intervention designed to provide psychosocial support to young people affected by their own or a family member's cancer diagnosis
Authors: Phelps Ceri , Minou Masoumeh , Baker Andrew , Hughes Carol , French Helen , Hawkins Wayne , Leeuwenberg Andrew , Crabtree Rebecca , Hutchings Paul B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis study discusses the challenges and successes of engaging young people in a project aimed at developing an online counselling intervention for young people affected by cancer.ContextFor younger people with a diagnosis of cancer or who are caring for someone with cancer, the psychosocial consequences can create significant challenges for their social and educational development. Whilst young people have been shown to be reluctant to make use of traditional face‐to‐face counselling, research is beginning to suggest that effective therapeutic relationships can be formed with young people online.DesignThe first phase of the study involved working with a ‘Young Persons’ Panel’ of healthy school pupils and university students to develop and pilot an online counselling intervention and study materials in preparation for a pilot evaluation of the intervention.InterventionAn avatar‐based virtual reality counselling world was created where young people can create their own avatar and receive counselling over the Internet from a qualified counsellor via an avatar in a virtual reality world.FindingsThe process of engaging young people in the C:EVOLVE project enabled a unique intervention to be developed and demonstrated positive developmental opportunities. However, despite the rigorous approach to the development of the intervention, initial attempts within the pilot evaluation phase of the study showed difficulties recruiting to the study, and this phase of the study has currently ceased whilst further exploratory work takes place.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated the complexities of intervention development and evaluation research targeted at young people and the challenges created when attempting to bring clinical practice and research evaluation together.
Functional roles of CSPG4/NG2 in chondrosarcoma
Authors: Jamil Nuor S. M. , Azfer Asim , Worrell Harrison , Salter Donald M. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryCSPG4/NG2 is a multifunctional transmembrane protein with limited distribution in adult tissues including articular cartilage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible roles of CSPG4/NG2 in chondrosarcomas and to establish whether this molecule may have potential for targeted therapy. Stable knock‐down of CSPG4/NG2 in the JJ012 chondrosarcoma cell line by shRNA resulted in decreased cell proliferation and migration as well as a decrease in gene expression of the MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) 3 protease and ADAMTS4 (aggrecanase). Chondrosarcoma cells in which CSPG4/NG2 was knocked down were more sensitive to doxorubicin than wild‐type cells. The results indicate that CSPG4/NG2 has roles in regulating chondrosarcoma cell function in relation to growth, spread and resistance to chemotherapy and that anti‐CSPG4/NG2 therapies may have potential in the treatment of surgically unresectable chondrosarcoma.
Using trauma informed care as a nursing model of care in an acute inpatient mental health unit: A practice development process
Authors: Isobel Sophie , Edwards Clair 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWithout agreeing on an explicit approach to care, mental health nurses may resort to problem focused, task oriented practice. Defining a model of care is important but there is also a need to consider the philosophical basis of any model. The use of Trauma Informed Care as a guiding philosophy provides a robust framework from which to review nursing practice. This paper describes a nursing workforce practice development process to implement Trauma Informed Care as an inpatient model of mental health nursing care. Trauma Informed Care is an evidence‐based approach to care delivery that is applicable to mental health inpatient units; while there are differing strategies for implementation, there is scope for mental health nurses to take on Trauma Informed Care as a guiding philosophy, a model of care or a practice development project within all of their roles and settings in order to ensure that it has considered, relevant and meaningful implementation. The principles of Trauma Informed Care may also offer guidance for managing workforce stress and distress associated with practice change.
Living with illness and self‐transcendence: the lived experience of patients with spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Ho Hsin‐Mei , Tseng Ying‐Hua , Hsin Yu‐Mei , Chou Fan‐Hao , Lin Wei‐Ting 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of patients afflicted with spinal muscular atrophy.BackgroundExisting research studies on spinal muscular atrophy address the physical and psychological effects and complications of the disease; they also provide suggestions for how to improve the current management of this disease. However, information is limited on the disease process and the lived experience of spinal muscular atrophy patients.DesignA phenomenological approach was conducted.MethodsThrough 18 in‐depth interviews recorded by a pen voice recorder, this study collected data obtained from a purposive sample of nine patients from the, ‘Taiwan spinal muscular atrophy Families,’ between November 2010–August 2011. The audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and data were analysed using Colaizzi's steps.FindingsFour themes and eight subthemes were identified: a loss of control (loss of muscular strength and independence), breaking limitations (assistive device use and mobility design), transcending limitations (independence/autonomy and social development) and living with hope (cherishing life and self‐control). The results showed that the lived experiences of the spinal muscular atrophy patients involved living with illness, transcending the self and pursuing the meaning of life. Facing a life‐threatening illness, these patients made self‐adjustments in their lifestyles and exerted themselves to positively cope with hardships and maintain dignity and self‐control.ConclusionThese findings could serve as evidence‐based practice resources for healthcare professionals in helping individuals and their family members gain an in‐depth understanding of spinal muscular atrophy's progression and life course and assist individuals in improving self‐integrity to with hope.
Cracks in the Foundations: Understanding the Great Rule of Law Debate in the EU
Authors: Magen Amichai 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe article offers a succinct conceptual and analytical framework for approaching the ‘great rule of law debate’ currently unfolding in the EU (European Union) and the contending positions of the various EU institutions embroiled in it. It addresses the challenge of conceptualization imbued in the notion of the rule of law, and critically examines the definition of the concept provided by the EC (European Commission). It then demonstrates that over the course of modern European integration, the rule of law emerged as a central dimension in four distinct core areas of EC/EU identity and activity. Should the contemporary crisis of foundational values persist or deepen, each of the four is expected to be adversely affected. Finally, the article explores the emerging ‘rule of law turn’ in the EU.
Optimization of Microwave‐Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Coriolus versicolor Mushroom Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Maeng Jeong‐Hwan , Muhammad Shahbaz Hafiz , Ameer Kashif , Jo Yunhee , Kwon Joong‐Ho 
Published: June 2016

AbstractResponse surface methodology was applied to optimize microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity from fruiting bodies of Coriolus versicolor mushroom, and to compare its efficiency with conventional reflux extraction. A central composite design was employed for the optimization of three MAE parameters including extraction time (X1, min), ethanol concentration (X2, %) and microwave power (X3, W) for the highest yield of TPC and antioxidant activity measured by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays in C. versicolor extracts. The optimum conditions were predicted as 3.8 min extraction time, 40% ethanol concentration and 125 W microwave power to obtain maximum values of TPC (470 mg GAE/100 g dm) and antioxidant activity measured by DPPH (773 µM TE/g dm), ABTS (2,930 µM TE/g dm) and FRAP (1,710 µM TE/g dm) assays, which were statistically verified by comparing with the experimentally observed values.Practical ApplicationsIn this study, microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) showed significant potential as a green extraction method for obtaining Coriolus versicolor mushroom extract rich in polyphenols with higher antioxidant activity as compared to the extracts obtained by reflux extraction. Furthermore, MAE resulted in reduced consumption of energy, time and solvent with higher extraction yield and efficiency. This work demonstrated further feasibility studies on MAE of phytochemicals including polyphenols‐rich extracts at industrial scale. Moreover, successful application of response surface methodology has opened future research avenues for optimization of bioactive components from other mushrooms of medicinal importance.
Process Optimization for Minimizing Residual Free Fatty Acid Levels in Fried Mustard Oil: Isotherm and Kinetics Studies
Authors: Nayak P.K. , Dash U. , Radha Krishnan K. , Mishra B.K. , Rayaguru K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAdsorbents have been used as filtration aids for the effective regeneration of repeatedly used frying oils. In this study, mustard oil used in the continuous frying of potato chips was treated with bentonite at different concentration levels. Response surface methodologies with central composite rotatable design was employed to optimize the influence of process parameters (contact time, heating time and adsorbent concentration) on residual free fatty acid (FFA) levels. The optimized values of contact time, heating time and adsorbent concentration were found as 10 h, 10 h and 0.4 g/L, respectively, for keeping the residual FFA levels below the allowable limit. Kinetics studies revealed that adsorption of FFA follow pseudo second order with good agreement between calculated and experimental data. The Langmuir adsorption is appropriate for correlation of equilibrium data. Treatment of fried mustard oil with bentonite may improve the quality characteristics of fried foods and extend the frying life of oil.Practical ApplicationsDeep fat frying is a complex thermal process producing fried foods with distinct color, flavor and texture. The overuse of oil in deep fat frying results in the formation of several compounds which are harmful to human health. So the repeated use of oil should be prevented in order to overcome these issues. In the present work, we investigated the use of bentonite to reduce the FFA levels in the deep fat fried mustard oil. The effect of heating time, contact time and adsorbent concentration on the adsorption process has been optimized with the application of response surface methodology. By this treatment the health aspects of used frying oils may be improved and the disposal levels of fried mustard oil may be reduced.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Delivery of the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health II Intervention
Authors: Graham‐Phillips Anita , Roth David L. , Huang Jin , Dilworth‐Anderson Peggye , Gitlin Laura N. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo determine whether there are racial and ethnicity group differences in Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health (REACH II) intervention delivery.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingCommunity‐based intervention delivered at five sites across the United States.ParticipantsFamily caregivers of persons with dementia who were randomized to the active intervention condition (N = 323).InterventionNine in‐home sessions (90 minutes each) and three telephone sessions (30 minutes each) were intended to be delivered and designed to reduce caregiver burden and depression, improve caregiver self‐care and social support, and help caregivers manage behavior problems in persons with dementia.MeasurementsInterventionists recorded the type of intervention (home or telephone), start and stop times, and whether specific intervention content modules (e.g., stress management, social support) were administered in each session.ResultsOverall, REACH II intervention delivery was high, with more than 80% of randomized caregivers completing at least five in‐home sessions and receiving eight or more hours of intervention contact, but black caregivers completed fewer in‐home sessions (mean 6.98) than Hispanics (mean 7.84) or whites (mean 8.25) and received less total intervention contact time (mean 683 minutes) than Hispanics (mean 842 minutes) or whites (mean 798 minutes). No significant differences in exposure to content according to race or ethnicity were found after controlling for demographic covariates.ConclusionBlacks in REACH II received significantly less intervention contact. Similar multicomponent interventions should examine whether there are systematic differences in intervention delivery across specific demographic subgroups and explore implications for treatment outcomes.
Medicare Expenditures of Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias or Mild Cognitive Impairment Before and After Diagnosis
Authors: Lin Pei‐Jung , Zhong Yue , Fillit Howard M. , Chen Er , Neumann Peter J. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo characterize Medicare expenditure and usage trends in individuals with a coded diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during the periods leading up to and after diagnosis.DesignRetrospective observational cohort study.SettingFive percent sample of the 2009 to 2013 Medicare claims files.ParticipantsIndividuals newly diagnosed with ADRD (n = 25,916) or MCI (n = 2,784), each with a propensity‐score matched control subject.MeasurementsMedicare expenditures and usage during the 24 months before and after a new diagnosis of ADRD or MCI.ResultsMedicare expenditures were 42% higher in participants with ADRD ($10,622 vs $15,091, P < .001) and 41% higher in those with MCI ($9,728 vs $13,691, P < .001) during the year before diagnosis than in matched controls. Medicare expenditures of participants with ADRD increased to $27,126 for the first 12 months immediately after diagnosis and decreased to $17,257 during the 12 months after that. For participants with MCI, average Medicare expenditures were $20,386 for the 12 months after diagnosis and $14,286 for the 12 months after that. Use of inpatient care, postacute skilled nursing facility care, and home health care increased substantially after diagnosis of ADRD or MCI.ConclusionParticipants with ADRD and MCI incurred significantly higher Medicare expenditures than matched controls, even before they received a formal diagnosis. Medicare expenditures of individuals with ADRD and MCI may start to increase at least 12 months before their diagnosis, peak during the first few months immediately after diagnosis, and decrease afterward but remain at a higher level than before diagnosis. These findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis and indicate the need for complex case management to coordinate care transitions for individuals with ADRD and MCI.
Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Clostridium difficile Infection in Medicare Beneficiaries: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Zilberberg Marya D. , Shorr Andrew F. , Wang Li , Baser Onur , Yu Holly 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo create a risk stratification score for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in elderly adults.DesignA sample from the Medicare 5% data set linked to Medicaid and Minimum Data Set (MDS) files from 2008 to 2009. Risk score was derived via a split‐cohort through logistic regression model used to assign numerical values to each retained covariate. Score characteristics were tested using a threshold analysis.SettingCommunity, long‐term, and acute care settings.ParticipantsPopulation‐based sample Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older on January 1, 2008, with continuous Medicare coverage from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2009.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was incident CDI, defined as International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 008.45 or CDI according to the MDS, and no CDI in the preceding 12 months.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 6,838 participants with CDI and 1,158,327 without. Logistic regression modeling (hospitalization, nursing home stay, or antibiotics in prior year; inflammatory bowel, chronic liver, chronic kidney, or cardiac disease; aged ≥75, Northeast residence; c‐statistic = 0.858) was used to determine to a score out of 22 possible points. A score of seven points (found in 18.8% of the total population) had a negative predictive value of 98.7%.ConclusionCDI risk is high and age dependent in the population aged 65 and older. By stratifying risk, this score should help ensure efficient allocation of prevention resources.