bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metadiscourse markers in biological research articles and journal impact factor: Non‐native writers vs. native writers
Authors: Gholami Javad , Ilghami Roghayeh 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMetadiscourse markers (MDMs) are lexical resources that writers employ to organize their discourse and state their stance towards the content or the reader. This study investigated the frequency with which interactive and interactional MDMs were employed in biological research articles (RAs). It also explored the possible relationship between the frequency of these markers and Impact Factor (IF) of journals as an index of quality. Moreover, it aimed at finding out the difference(s) between two groups of authors (Iranian and American) in their use of these markers. Forty biological RAs published in years 2008‐2011 written by Iranian non‐native authors and published in four ISI journals with different IFs and 40 articles with the same characteristics published by American native authors were selected and examined for the use of the markers. The results showed that there was a strong positive correlation between the frequency of MDMs and IF of the journals. Regarding the frequency of MDMs, it was observed that Iranian authors employed interactive and interactional markers slightly more than their American counterparts. These results may provisionally confirm the considerable role of MDMs in enhancing the coherence and organization of articles for possible publication in high‐impact journals. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44(4):349–360, 2016.
Suppression of prostate cancer progression by cancer cell stemness inhibitor napabucasin
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Jin Zhong , Zhou Huimin , Ou Xueting , Xu Yawen , Li Hulin , Liu Chunxiao , Li Bingkun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA small population of cells with stem cell‐like properties in prostate cancer (PCa), called prostate cancer stem cells (PrCSCs) or prostate stemness‐high cancer cells, displays highly tumorigenic and metastatic features and may be responsible for the therapy resistance. A small molecule, napabucasin (BBI608), recently have been identified with suppression of stemness‐high cancer cells in a variety of cancers. However, the effects of napabucasin on PCa cells as well as PrCSCs isolated from PCa cells have not yet been defined. The effect of napabucasin on PCa cells in cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration in vitro were measured by MTS, colony formation assay, and Transwell, respectively. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate cell cycle and cell apoptosis, and the effect on tumorigenesis in vivo was examined by tumor growth assays. Furthermore, the role of napabucasin on self‐renewal and survival of PrCSCs was evaluated by their ability to grow spheres and cell viability assay, respectively. Western Blot and qRT‐PCR were used to determine the effect of napabucasin on the expressions of stemness markers. Decrease in cell viability, colony formation, migration, and survival with cell cycle arrest, higher sensitivity to docetaxel in vitro, and repressed tumorigenesis in vivo was observed upon napabucasin treatment. More importantly, napabucasin can obviously inhibit spherogenesis and even kill PrCSCs in vitro. Downregulation of stemness markers was observed after PrCSCs were treated with napabucasin. This study demonstrates that napabucasin may be a novel approach in the treatment of advanced PCa, specifically for castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
New p32/gC1qR Ligands for Targeted Tumor Drug Delivery
Authors: Paasonen Lauri , Sharma Shweta , Braun Gary B. , Kotamraju Venkata Ramana , Chung Thomas D. Y. , She Zhi‐Gang , Sugahara Kazuki N. , Yliperttula Marjo , Wu Bainan , Pellecchia Maurizio , Ruoslahti Erkki , Teesalu Tambet 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCell surface p32, the target of LyP‐1 homing peptide, is upregulated in tumors and atherosclerotic plaques and has been widely used as a receptor for systemic delivery of payloads. Here, we identified an improved LyP‐1‐mimicking peptide (TT1, CKRGARSTC). We used this peptide in a fluorescence polarization‐based high‐throughput screening of a 50 000‐compound chemical library and identified a panel of compounds that bind p32 with low micromolar affinity. Among the hits identified in the screen, two compounds were shown to specifically bind to p32 in multiple assays. One of these compounds was chosen for an in vivo study. Nanoparticles surface‐functionalized with this compound specifically adhered to surfaces coated with recombinant p32 and, when injected intravenously, homed to p32‐expressing breast tumors in mice. This compound provides a lead for the development of p32‐targeted affinity ligands that circumvent some of the limitations of peptide‐based probes in guided drug delivery.
Association between health status and long‐term mortality after percutaneous revascularization of peripheral artery disease
Authors: Bunte Matthew C. , House John A. , Spertus John A. , Cohen David J. , Marso Steven P. , Safley David M. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo explore the association of health status change and long‐term survival among patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD).BackgroundEarly gains in health status after successful endovascular therapy (EVT) for symptomatic PAD can be maintained up to 1 year. Whether such health status improvements are associated with long‐term survival benefits is unknown.MethodsBetween February 2001 and August 2004, 258 patients with symptomatic PAD treated with EVT participated in a prospective study evaluating baseline and 1 year health status using the Peripheral Artery Questionnaire (range 0–100, higher scores = better). All‐cause mortality was assessed for all patients at a median of 9.4 years following EVT.ResultsThe mean age at enrollment was 68 ± 11 years; 61% were male, 97% were Caucasian, and 38% had diabetes. Patients with a clinically meaningful health status improvement (≥8 points) 1 year after their index procedure (79%) were identified as responders. Responders had a significantly better 10 year survival compared with nonresponders (60% vs 38%, p = 0.025). Responder status was associated with a survival advantage that persisted in risk‐adjusted analysis (adjusted hazard ratio for long‐term mortality, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.45–0.97]; p = 0.036).ConclusionsAmong patients with symptomatic PAD undergoing EVT, improvement of PAD‐specific health status at 1 year follow‐up was associated with improved long‐term survival. Whether additional treatment for patients with poor response to EVT could improve long‐term survival warrants further investigation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Angiographic patterns of drug‐eluting stent restenosis after treatment with drug‐coated balloon versus balloon angioplasty: Late lumen loss subgroup analyses of the PEPCAD‐DES study
Authors: Rittger Harald , Wöhrle Jochen , Brachmann Johannes , Hohenforst‐Schmidt Wolfgang , Schlundt Christian , Lonke Sandra , von Cranach Moritz , Markovic Sinisa , Achenbach Stephan , Waliszewski Matthias 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesThis report provides the results of additional late lumen loss (LLL) analyses the predefined subgroup of diabetics and post hoc analyses of selected lesion morphologies to further elucidate the efficacy of paclitaxel coated balloon (PCB) angioplasty (clinical trials identifier NCT00998439).BackgroundThe PEPCAD‐DES trial revealed that in lesion LLL and the target lesion revascularization rate (TLR) were significantly reduced with PCB angioplasty as compared with plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) in patients with drug‐eluting stent restenosis (DES‐ISR).MethodsA total of 110 patients with restenosis of Sirolimus‐ (SES), Everolimus‐ (EES), or Paclitaxel‐eluting (PES) stents in native coronary arteries were randomized 2:1 to receive treatment with PCB (72 patients) or POBA (38 patients).ResultsIn the PCB group, LLL did not differ for PES versus non‐PES lesions (0.46 ± 0.55 mm vs. 0.41 ± 0.65 mm, P = 0.81). Moreover, there was no difference in LLL when PCB's were used in single and multiple layer DES‐ISR (0.35 ± 0.60 mm vs. 0.51 ± 0.63 mm, P = 0.31). In contrast, patients treated with POBA for multilayer DES‐ISR were more likely to have significantly higher LLL as compared with single layer DES‐ISR (1.29 ± 0.76 mm vs. 0.65 ± 0.60 mm, P = 0.02). There was no LLL difference between diabetics and non‐diabetics when treated with PCB angioplasty (0.46 ± 0.76 mm vs. 0.43 ± 0.54 mm, P = 0.83).ConclusionOur hypothesis generating results indicated that there were no differences in terms of LLL when PCB angioplasty was applied in subgroups of single versus multiple layer DES‐ISR and PES‐ISR versus non‐PES ISR. LLL was not higher in diabetic patients as compared with the their non‐diabetic counterparts when treated with PCB's. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Status epilepticus due to brain tumor during pregnancy
Authors: Kasai Michi , Aoki Shigeru , Kobayashi Natsuko , Hirahara Fumiki , Takahashi Tsuneo 
Published: February 2016

Key Clinical MessageThere is no consensus on the timing of delivery of an infant with nonreassuring fetal status that is associated with maternal status epilepticus. We herein describe a case of status epilepticus due to brain tumor at 28 weeks of gestation.
Glucose to Fructose Isomerization in Aqueous Media over Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Marianou Asimina A. , Michailof Chrysoula M. , Pineda Antonio , Iliopoulou Eleni F. , Triantafyllidis Kostas S. , Lappas Angelos A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIsomerization of glucose to fructose is an important reaction with numerous applications in terms of biomass valorization. The reaction is catalyzed enzymatically but may also proceed under alkaline conditions, in which case it is accompanied by low selectivity and formation of byproducts. Solid Lewis acid and basic catalytic materials are being studied as alternative catalysts. In this work, the isomerization of glucose to fructose in aqueous media over homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts has been investigated. The effect of polar aprotic solvents and their mixtures with water on glucose conversion and fructose selectivity was also studied. Sodium aluminate (NaAlO2) has been proven to be very effective, resulting in high fructose yield (52.1 %) and high selectivity (84.8 %). Among the various solid catalysts tested, MgO afforded glucose conversion of 44 %, with 75.8 % and 33.4 % fructose selectivity and yield, respectively, when the isomerization reaction was conducted in neat H2O.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Cyanoarenes with 4‐Alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines through Double Carbon–Carbon Bond Cleavage
Authors: Nakajima Kazunari , Nojima Sunao , Sakata Ken , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNovel aromatic substitution reactions of cyanoarenes with 4‐alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines as alkylating reagents in the presence of a catalytic amount of a photoredox catalyst proceed smoothly to give the corresponding alkyl‐substituted arenes in good to high yields. The present reaction system realizes a novel C−C bond‐forming reaction between two fragments generated from the C−C bond‐cleavage reactions of two independent substrates.
Gas‐Liquid Mass Transfer Characteristics with Microbubble Aeration – I. Standard Stirred Tank
Authors: Li Xiangyang , Li Pingping , Zu Liangzhu , Yang Chao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMore knowledge has to be acquired on the gas‐liquid mass transfer characteristics with microbubble aeration before an efficient bioreactor is designed. Experiments about this subject have been conducted in a stirred reactor. Some valuable conclusions were obtained: the shaft power consumption is little affected by the superficial gas velocity (vs) and the power consumption of the microbubble generator is rather high; the dispersion of microbubbles is more uniform compared to sparger aeration; surface aeration leads to a reduced microbubble number and the diameter of the microbubble increases with higher superficial gas velocity; when surface aeration happens, the kLa–vs curves turn quite abnormally different from that in the case of sparger aeration, and correlation‐based calculations fit well with the measurements.
Electrodeposition of Protocrystalline Germanium from Supercritical Difluoromethane
Authors: Cummings Charles Y. , Bartlett Philip N. , Pugh David , Reid Gillian , Levason William , Hasan Mahboba M. , Hector Andrew L. , Spencer Joe , Smith David C. , Marks Samuel , Beanland Richard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe report results for the electrochemistry of the germanium(II) tri‐halide anions, [GeCl3]−, [GeBr3]− and [GeI3]−, in supercritical difluoromethane containing 60 mm [NnBu4][BF4] at 19.1 MPa and 358 K. The voltammetry shows mass‐transport‐limited currents for reduction to germanium at gold on the first scan. There is no evidence of a germanium stripping peak and, on subsequent scans, the electrode slowly passivates with the deposition of approximately 0.4 μm of material. The redox potentials for the reduction of the three tri‐halides are in the order [GeCl3]− <[GeBr3]− <[GeI3]−, with the iodide being the most easily reduced complex. Electrodeposition of germanium onto TiN electrodes from supercritical difluoromethane at 19.1 MPa and 358 K, using either 16 mm [EMIM][GeI3] with 60 mm [EMIM][BF4] or 16 mm [NnBu4][GeI3] with 60 mm [NnBu4][BF4], gave deposition rates of 2–3 μm h−1. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the resulting germanium films were protocrystalline, containing nanocrystals of germanium embedded in an amorphous germanium matrix.
Stereoselective Ag‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Activated Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Ponce Alberto , Alonso Inés , Adrio Javier , Carretero Juan C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA silver‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of fluorinated azomethine ylides and activated olefins is reported. The reaction offers a straightforward and atom‐economical procedure for the preparation of fluorinated pyrrolidines. Broad scope and high levels of diastereoselectivity have been achieved simply by using AgOAc/PPh3 as the catalyst system. The high efficiency of the cycloaddition relies on the presence of a metal‐coordinating group on the imine moiety, such as an ester or heteroaryl group. The asymmetric version of the cycloaddition has been developed by using Taniaphos as a chiral ligand.
Gas‐Phase Studies of Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase (Fpg) Substrates
Authors: Kiruba G. S. M. , Xu Jiahui , Zelikson Victoria , Lee Jeehiun K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGas‐phase thermochemical properties (tautomerism, acidity, and proton affinity) have been measured and calculated for a series of nucleobase derivatives that have not heretofore been examined under vacuum. The studied species are substrates for the enzyme formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (Fpg), which cleaves damaged nucleobases from DNA. The gas‐phase results are compared and contrasted to solution‐phase data, to afford insight into the Fpg mechanism. Calculations are also used to probe the energetics of various possible mechanisms and to predict isotope effects that could potentially allow for discrimination between different mechanisms. Specifically, 18O substitution at the ribose O4′ is predicted to result in a normal kinetic isotope effect (KIE) for a ring‐opening “endocyclic” mechanism and an inverse KIE for a direct base excision “exocyclic” pathway.
Highly Dispersible and Stable Anionic Boron Cluster–Graphene Oxide Nanohybrids
Authors: Cabrera‐González Justo , Cabana Laura , Ballesteros Belén , Tobias Gerard , Núñez Rosario 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn efficient process to produce boron cluster–graphene oxide nanohybrids that are highly dispersible in water and organic solvents is established for the first time. Dispersions of these nanohybrid materials in water were extraordinarily stable after one month. Characterization of hybrids after grafting of appropriate cobaltabisdicarbollide and closo‐dodecaborate derivatives onto the surface of graphene oxide (GO) was done by FT‐IR, XPS, and UV/Vis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) clearly shows a higher thermal stability for the modified‐GO nanohybrids compared to the parent GO. Of particular note, elemental mapping by energy‐filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) reveals that a uniform decoration of the graphene oxide surface with the boron clusters is achieved under the reported conditions. Therefore, the resulting nanohybrid systems show exceptional physico‐chemical and thermal properties, paving the way for an enhanced processability and further expanding the range of application for graphene‐based materials.
Copper‐Catalyzed S−C/S−N Bond Interconversions
Authors: Wen Jian , Cheng Hanchao , Dong Shunxi , Bolm Carsten 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUnder an atmosphere of dioxygen, copper‐catalyzed de‐alkylation/amination sequences provide sulfonimidamides from unprotected sulfoximines in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest the involvement of radicals in both the C−S bond cleavage and the formation of the new N−S bond.
ChemInform Abstract: LUMINESZENZ UND TRIPLETTENERGIEUEBERTRAGUNG IN MISCHKRISTALLEN 2. MITT. DREIKOMPONENTENSYST.
Authors: ADAM K. R. , O'DWYER M. F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur und der Konzentration der Donomebenkomponente wird die Phosphoreszenz in den Dreikomponentenkristallen (I) und (II) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: UEBERGANGSMETALL‐KOMPLEXE MIT SCHIFFSCHEN BASEN 5. MITT. SPINGLEICHGEWICHTE IN EISENMONONITROSYLEN
Authors: EARNSHAW A. , KING E. A. , LARKWORTHY L. F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch Reaktion der High‐Spin‐Eisenkomplexe (I) mit Stickstoffoxid werden die neuen, scheinbar 5fach koordinierten Mononitrosyle (II) dargestellt, die bei Zimmertemperatur 3 ungepaarte Elektronen besitzen.
ChemInform Abstract: KRISTALL‐ UND MOLEKULARSTRUKTUR DER DIMEREN 1/1 ADDITIONSVERBINDUNG AUS QUECKSILBER(II)‐CHLORID UND TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINSELENID
Authors: GLASSER DENT L. S. , INGRAM LORNA , KING M. G. , MCQUILLAN G. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindung, bei der eine Elementarzelle zwei getrennte dimere zentrosymmetrische Moleküle (I) enthält, kristallisiert monoklin.
ChemInform Abstract: MISCHUNGSENTHALPIEN UND KOMPLEXBILDUNG VON TETRACHLORKOHLENSTOFF MIT EINIGEN METHYLSUBSTITUIERTEN BENZOLEN 2. MITT.
Authors: HOWELL P. J. , STUBLEY D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Mischungsenthalpien der drei Xylole, des Mesitylens und des Pseudocumols mit Tetrachlorkohlenstoff werden mit den in der 1. Mitt. gewonnenen Ergebnissen verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUES KAEUFLICHES METALLORGANISCHES HYDRID
Authors: ‐ ‐ 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAls neues Reduktionsmittel, das die Lücke zwischen Lithiumaluminiumhydrid und Natriumborhydrid schließen soll, ist Natrium‐bis‐(2‐methoxyäthoxy)‐aluminiumhydrid (I), ("SDMA") auf den Markt gekommen.
ChemInform Abstract: DIREKTE FLUORIERUNG SUBSTITUIERTER CARBAMINATE
Authors: GRAKAUKAS V. , BAUM K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBei der direkten Fluorierung von Carbaminaten (I) entstehen über die N‐ Fluor‐Verbindungen (II) unter Substitution der Carbalkoxygruppe durch Fluor die Difluoramine (III).
ChemInform Abstract: EIKOSAEDRISCHE CARBORANE 13. MITT. HALOGENIERUNG VON P‐CARBORAN
Authors: SIECKHAUS JOHN F. , SEMENUK NICK S. , KNOWLES THOMAS A. , SCHROEDER HANSJUERGEN 
Published: February 2016

Abstractp‐Carboran von 99%iger Reinheit wird in 25%iger Ausbeute dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON HETEROCYCLEN 136. MITT. RK. MIT SALICYLSAEURECHLORID
Authors: KOLLENZ G. , ZIEGLER E. , KAPPE TH. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Isothioharnstoffe (II) reagieren mit Salicylsäurechlorid (I) zu den Pentacyclen (III) (30 bzw. 15% Ausbeute).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOBROMIERUNG VON ALKYLTRICHLORSILANEN
Authors: MICHAEL K. W. , BANK H. M. , SPEIER J. L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBei Butyl‐trichlorsilan (I) verläuft eine Bromierung aufgrund gleicher Aktivierung durch Methyl‐ und Trichlorsilylgruppen zu gleichen Anteilen in 2‐ und 3‐Stellung zu (II) bzw. (IIIa), während die Chlorierung (IIIb) gibt.
ChemInform Abstract: AUTOX. VON 1‐OCTEN MIT TERT.‐BUTYLHYDROPEROXID UND CHROM(III)‐ACETYLACETONAT 2. MITT. LOESUNGSMITTELEFFEKTE UND RADIKALISCHE INHIBITOREN
Authors: INDICTOR N. , JOCHSBERGER T. , KURNIT D. 
Published: February 2016

Abstractl‐Octen wurde in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln (Halogenaliphaten, Aromaten, Phenyläther, Naphthalin, Alkylaromaten, Eisessig, Essigester, Dimethylformamid oder Dioxan) unter Zusatz von Cr(III)‐acetylacetonat und tert.‐Butylhydroperoxid der Autoxydation unterworfen.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. MIT DIMETHYLFORMAMID 3. MITT. UMSETZUNG VON ARYLSULFOCHLORIDEN UND ARYLSULFONSAEUREN MIT DIMETHYLFORMAMID
Authors: SCHINDLBAUER HELLMUTH 
Published: February 2016

AbstractReaktion der Sulfochloride (I) mit Dimethylformamid (II) im Molverhältnis 1:2 führt in 40‐59%iger Ausbeute zu den Formamidiniumsulfonaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SCHWEFEL‐STICKSTOFFVERBINDUNGEN 22. MITT. SYNTH. NEUER FLUORSULFONYLVERBINDUNGEN
Authors: ROESKY HERBERT W. , GIERE HORST‐H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFluorsulfonylisocyanat (I) reagiert mit den Carbonsäuren (II) unter Decarboxylierung zu den Säureamiden (III) (2l‐92% Ausbeute), die mit PCl5 die Acetimidsäurechloride (IV) (43‐70% Ausbeute) bilden.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. VERSCHIEDEN SUBSTITUIERTER 1‐BENZOLAZO‐ALKENE
Authors: BRODKA SIEGHART , SIMON HELMUT 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Azoverbindungen (III) lassen sich in 72‐80%iger Ausbeute aus dem Keton (I) und den Hydrazinen (II) in Gegenwart von Pyridin darstellen, wobei als Zwischenprodukte die Pyridiniumionen entsprechend (IV) gebildet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: OX. VON ACETON‐2‐PHENYLSEMICARBAZON
Authors: SCHANTL J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindung (I) wird durch HgO, Pb‐Tetraacetat oder Jod zum Isocyanat (II) (71% Ausbeute) oxydiert, das in Methanol‐Na‐methylat in 95%iger Ausbeute zum Ester (III) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: ′KONJUGIERTE′ NITRONYL‐NITROXID‐ UND IMINO‐NITROXID‐RADIKALE
Authors: ULLMAN E. F. , BOOCOCK D. G. B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas unsubstituierte Nitronyl‐nitroxid (I) ionisiert mit Kalium‐tert.‐butylat in Dimethylsulfoxid in das Radikalanion (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON HETEROCYCLEN 135. MITT. CHINOLIZINE UND INDOLIZINE 6. MITT. SYNTH. VON 2‐HYDROXY‐BENZO(A)CHINOLIZIN‐4‐ONEN
Authors: KAPPE THOMAS , LINNAU YENDRA 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch Kondensation der Dihydroisochinoline (I) mit den Malonsäureestern (II) werden die Benzochinolizinone (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON BENZALBENZAMIDIN MIT ACETYLENDICARBONSAEUREDIMETHYLESTER
Authors: CERKASOV V. M. , KAPRAN N. A. , ZAVACKIJ V. N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBenzalbenzamidin (I) reagiert beim Erhitzen mit Acetylendicarbonsäureester (II) in Benzol zu (III) (40%).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON IN 4‐STELLUNG UNSUBSTITUIERTEN PTERIDINEN AUS PYRAZINEN UEBER DIE 3,4‐DIHYDROPTERIDINE
Authors: ALBERT A. , OHTA K. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract2‐Aminopyrazin‐3‐carboxyamid (Ia), das aus Aminomalonamidamidin und Glyoxal zugänglich ist, wurde durch Umsetzung mit Phosphorylchlorid in Dimethylformamid in das 2‐Amino‐3‐cyanopyrazin (II) übergeführt (75%), über Raney‐Nickel zu (III) (87%) hydriert und mit Triäthylorthoacetat in der Siedehitze zu 3,4‐Dihydro‐2‐methyl‐pteridin (IVa) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: BENZOKONDENSIERTE 7‐RING‐HETEROCYCLEN 3. MITT.SYNTH. UND CYCLISIERUNG VON N‐ARYL‐N′‐AROYL‐AETHYLENDIAMINEN
Authors: WUENSCH KARL‐HEINZ , DETTMANN HARTMUT , SCHOENBERG SOLVEIG 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch Ringspaltung von 1‐Aroyl‐aziridinen mit prim. oder sek. aromatischen Aminen werden in guter Ausbeute N‐Aryl‐N′‐aroyl‐äthylendiamine erhalten, die in Gegenwart von Polyphosphorsäureäthylester bei ca. 150°C in Abhängigkeit vom eingesetzten Amin zu l.2‐Diaryl‐Δ2‐imidazolinen oder 2.3‐Dihydro‐1H‐l .4‐benzodiazepinen cyclisieren.