bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pupillometric Characteristics in Patients with Choroidal Neovascularization Due to Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Brozou Catherine G. , Fotiou Dimitrios , Androudi Sofia , Theodoridou Evelyn , Giantselidis Charalambos , Alexandridis Alexandros , Brazitikos Periklis 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To study the pupillary light reflex in patients with choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods The study included 15 patients with AMD and 15 control subjects. A full recording of the pupil's reaction to light was registered and the following eight parameters were measured and reported: baseline pupil radius (R1), latency (T1), minimum pupil radius (R2), amplitude (AMP), maximum constriction velocity (VCmax), maximum constriction acceleration (AC-max), time for maximum velocity (T2), and time for maximum constriction (T3). Results All variables measured presented alterations in the AMD group and a number of them were significantly reduced in the AMD group. Conclusions The presence of neovascular AMD significantly affects the pupil's response to light stimulus when compared to normal subjects.
Ultrasonographic Pictures of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide
Authors: Hosseini Hamid , Anvari-Ardakani Hamid R. , Karanjam Mohammad A. , Farvardin Mohsen , Nowroozizadeh Sarah 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate ultrasonographic pictures of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA). Methods Twenty-eight eyes from 28 patients who needed intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (4 mg/0.1 mL) were included in this study. A baseline ocular B-scan ultrasound examination was performed in all eyes before IVTA injection. Subsequent examinations were scheduled about 1 hour, 1 day, and 1 week after the injection and thereafter weekly up to complete sonographic disappearance of triamcinolone acetonide. Ultrasonographic pictures of IVTA and disappearance time of the medication were evaluated. Results In all the eyes, IVTA was seen as multiple inhomogeneous markedly hyperechoic areas with various size and shape and nonuniform distribution through the vitreous cavity. Common pictures included localized bright hyper-reflective area, diffuse bright point-like echo sources, membranous surfaces, and subhyaloid opacities. IVTA deposited along acoustic interfaces and changed their ultrasonographic characteristics. IVTA facilitated visualization of posterior vitreous surface in seven patients. Opacities due to IVTA gradually cleared over a 3- to 7-week period. Conclusions The findings indicate that IVTA has a bright hyper-reflective ultrasonic image and should be considered as a differential diagnosis for vitreous opacity. IVTA can change the ultrasonographic pattern of the vitreous cavity and highlight membranous surfaces.
Intravitreal Bevacizumab as an Adjunct Treatment for Neovascular Glaucoma
Authors: Hasanreisoglu Murat , Weinberger Dov , Mimouni Karin , Luski Moshe , Bourla Dan , Kramer Michal , Robinson Anat , Axer-Siegel Ruth 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To assess the effect of adjunctive intravitreal bevacizumab treatment on neovascular glaucoma (NVG). Methods The medical records of all consecutive patients with NVG treated with intravitreal bevacizumab at our center from May 2006 to February 2008 were reviewed. The data collected included background features, findings on full ophthalmologic examination (including visual acuity, gonioscopy, and intraocular pressure), glaucoma medications prescribed, and additional procedures for glaucoma performed before and after bevacizumab injection. The interval between the diagnosis of NVG and intravitreal bevacizumab treatment was calculated. Results Eighteen patients (6 male, 12 female; mean age 63±13.2 years) met the study criteria. Causes of NVG were proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n=14), central retinal vein occlusion (n=2), occlusive vasculitis (n=1), and panuveitis (n=1). The mean duration of follow-up was 52 (±12) weeks. Mean intraocular pressure decreased from 32.3 (±4.99) to 18 (±6.1) mmHg (p<0.0001) and mean number of glaucoma medications decreased from 3.16 (±1.2) to 2.55 (±1.46) (p=0.1938). An interval of less than 6 months between the start of bevacizumab treatment and diagnosis was associated with better final visual acuity than delayed treatment (0.82±0.4 logMAR vs 1.88±1.1 logMAR, p=0.002) and a better regression of iris neovascularization (22% vs 89%; p=0.015). Conclusions Intravitreal bevacizumab is beneficial for the treatment of anterior segment neovascularization and NVG when used as an adjunct, making the administration of additional treatment for the underlying cause possible. Bevacizumab should be instituted promptly after diagnosis, before irreversible anatomic and functional damage occurs.
In Vivo Characterization of Doxycycline Effects on Tear Metalloproteinases in Patients with Chronic Blepharitis
Authors: Iovieno Alfonso , Lambiase Alessandro , Micera Alessandra , Stampachiacchiere Barbara , Sgrulletta Roberto , Bonini Stefano 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have a role in the pathogenesis of rosacea-associated chronic blepharitis. Doxycycline is largely used as a treatment for recalcitrant chronic blepharitis. It has been shown in vitro that doxycycline inhibits MMPs activation. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo the effect of doxycycline in modulating MMPs in patients with chronic idiopathic blepharitis. Methods Eight patients (6 male, 2 female; mean age 45.7±17.5 years) were included in the study. Doxycycline (100 mg) was administered orally, twice a day, for 2 weeks and once a day for an additional 2 weeks. Clinical signs and symptoms were evaluated and scored (0–3) at baseline and after 4 weeks. Total sign (TSS) and total symptom (TSyS) scores were calculated. Tear samples and conjunctival impression cytologies were collected at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment to evaluate MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression and activity. Results An improvement in TSS (4.5±1.1 vs 2.7±1.5) and TSyS (6.6±1.3 vs. 3.1±1.9) was observed after 4 weeks, with significant amelioration of hyperemia, marginal blepharitis, and superficial punctuate keratopathy. Zymography revealed a decrease of MMP-9 activity after 4 weeks. MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels did not change, while an upregulation of TIMP-1 expression was observed. Conclusions This study suggests that 4-week treatment with doxycycline significantly improved symptoms and signs in patients with chronic blepharitis in association with a decrease in MMP-9 activity. Upregulation of TIMP-1 is proposed as a possible mechanism of MMP-9 inactivation. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 708–16)
Evolution of Visual Performance in 250 Eyes Implanted with the Tecnis ZM900 Multifocal IOL
Authors: Palomino Bautista Carlos , Carmona González David , Castillo Gómez Alfredo , Cristóbal Bescos José Angel 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate visual performance in relation to time after implantation of the multifocal Tecnis intraocular lens (IOL) in patients with cataract. Methods This prospective case series involved 250 eyes of 137 patients with cataract aged 68.5±9.9 years. Monocular uncorrected and corrected near visual acuity (NVA and DCNVA) and distance visual acuity (UCVA and BCVA), occurrence of visual symptoms, and patient satisfaction were evaluated at 1–3 days, 30–90 days, and 150–210 days after surgery. Posterior capsule opacification and contrast sensitivity under photopic conditions were also assessed. Results At the last follow-up visit, mean NVA and DCNVA was 0.215±0.082 and 0.189±0.045 log-MAR, respectively. The majority of eyes (96.8%) could read J2 without correction, including 83.2% reading J1. With best distance correction, 95.6% of eyes were able to read J1. Mean UCVA and BCVA was 0.144±0.101 and 0.09±0.03 logMAR, including 77.6% and 98.4% of eyes that achieved 20/30 or better, respectively. The majority of patients (>90%) ranked their near, distance, and global vision as good or excellent and 88.4% were free from spectacles. A significant improvement of uncorrected and corrected distance and near VA as well as a decrease in the intensity of subjective photic phenomena was observed over time. At the last follow-up visit, the rate of posterior capsule opacification (grade 1) was 4.4% and mean monocular contrast sensitivity was 1.44±0.26. Conclusions The multifocal Tecnis IOL provides excellent near vision and good distance vision in patients with cataract. However, most patients required a neuroadaptation period of approximately 6 months to experience full visual benefits of the lens. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 762–8)
Diagnostic Utility of Polymerase Chain Reaction on Intraocular Specimens to Establish the Etiology of Infectious Endophthalmitis
Authors: Sowmya Parameswaran , Madhavan Hajib N. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the utility of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on intraocular clinical specimens (aqueous humor [AH] and vitreous fluid [VF]) as an etiologic diagnostic tool relative to microbiological culture methods in infectious endophthalmitis. Methods Conventional bacterial and mycologic cultures and PCR for eubacterial and panfungal genomes were applied for etiologic diagnosis on pairs of AH and VF obtained from 72 patients with clinically established infectious endophthalmitis. Results Based on cultures, an infectious etiology was established in 27 (37.5%) of 72 patients. PCR detected infectious etiology in all 72 patients. PCR increased the clinical sensitivity over culture by 62.5% (p<0.0001, McNemar test). The frequency of culture positivity, single infections, and polymicrobial infection varied significantly among the types of endophthalmitis (p<0.0001, chi-square test). PCR detected an infectious etiology in 48 patients and polymicrobial infection in 24 patients. An etiology was established by PCR on 56 (77.8%) AH and 65 (90.3%) VF of the 72 patients and this difference had no statistical significance. Conclusions PCR on intraocular specimens as an etiologic diagnostic tool has been shown to be specific and severalfold more sensitive than cultures and clinically useful. Therefore, PCR may be considered the gold standard to establish the etiology of infectious endophthalmitis. As there is no statistically significant difference in the results of PCR on AH and VF, PCR on AH could be the method of choice considering safety and simplicity of the procedure of its collection (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 812–7)
A Rare Case of Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis in Temporal Arteritis
Authors: Papathanassiou Miltiadis , Elezoglou Antonia , Nikita Eleni , Theodossiadis Panagiotis G. , Vergados Ioannis 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To present a case of peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) that progressed to corneal perforation in the setting of recently diagnosed temporal arteritis. Methods A 76-year-old man presented with a 2-week history of red eye and gradual loss of vision in the right eye. His medical history included recently diagnosed temporal arteritis without previous eye involvement. Clinical examination revealed severe peripheral corneal melting leading to corneal perforation. Results The patient was treated in the acute phase with topical dexamethasone drops and oral prednisolone. Perforation was sealed with cyanoacrylate glue. Azathioprine was also administered. Inflammation was resolved and his eye remains quiet. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of PUK in the background of temporal arteritis. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 866–9)
Refractive Astigmatism in Eyes with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome
Authors: Örnek Kemal , Güllü Reyhan , Yilmazbas Pelin 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To determine the effect of pseudoexfoliation syndrome on ocular refractive astigmatism. Methods One hundred eyes of 100 patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and 100 eyes of 100 age- and sex-matched control subjects were included in the study. Refractive astigmatism was measured prior to ocular examination performing cycloplegic autorefractive measures using an autorefractokeratometer (Charops, MRK3100). Results All patients in the study and control group had myopic astigmatism. Refractive and ocular residual astigmatism were found to be significantly higher in the pseudoexfoliation syndrome group in comparison to the control group (p<0.05). The mean keratometry reading was significantly steeper in the study group than in the control eyes. Conclusions Significant refractive and ocular residual astigmatism were found in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 873–5)
Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation Masquerading as Carotid Cavernous Fistula in a Child with Proptosis
Authors: Zafar Sarah , Zafar Saemah N. , Khan Ayesha , Iffat Zafar Saerah 
Published: January 2018

Purpose An infant with proptosis and dilated episcleral vessels was diagnosed with vein of Galen malformation, which is a rare condition presenting initially to an ophthalmologist. Methods An 8-month-old child presented with slowly progressive proptosis of the left eye of 5 months' duration. The proptosis was axial, nonpulsatile, with no associated bruit. Dilated corkscrew episcleral vessels were observed. The patient was referred to our center with diagnosis of carotid cavernous fistula. The child had a history of episodes of seizures. Results Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan of the patient showed dilated vessels, hydrocephalus, and dilated vein of Galen. Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation was confirmed on magnetic resonance venography. Conclusions Occasionally patients with Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation may first present to the ophthalmologist. Ophthalmologists should therefore be aware of this rare but potentially treatable condition. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 894–6)
Incidence of Conjunctival Exposure following Drainage Device Implantation in Patients with Glaucoma
Authors: Stewart William C. , Kristoffersen Caroline J. , Demos Christina M. , Fsadni Mario G. , Stewart Jeanette A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate prior studies including a glaucoma drainage device and to describe the timing and incidence of conjunctival exposure. A meta-analysis of previously published articles. Methods Articles included were prospective, single cohort, or comparative parallel design, with a mean treatment period of at least 3 months and at least 30 patients per treatment arm. We limited our analysis to studies that evaluated the most common devices, including Ahmed, Baerveldt, and Molteno. Results We included 38 studies containing 45 treatment arms (16 Ahmed, 12 Baerveldt, and 17 Molteno). These studies included 3,105 patients and 3,255 eyes with an average follow-up of 26.1±3.3 months. The overall incidence of exposure was 2.0±2.6% (n=64) of eyes with an average exposure/month of 0.09±0.14%. There was no significant correlation between study length and incidence of exposure (p=0.11), although multivariate regression analysis identified length of follow-up as a risk factor for exposure (p=0.001). Among individual drainage devices, there was no significant difference in the incidence of exposure (p=0.22) or percent exposure per month (p=0.18). In addition, no difference existed in the incidence of exposure between sizes for the Baerveldt 250, 350 or 500 mm (p=0.7), number of plates for the Molteno Single or Double (p=0.3), nor between the composition of the Ahmed Silicone or Polypropylene (p=0.7). Conclusions This study suggests that tube exposure of glaucoma implants is unusual and the incidence does not differ between the Ahmed, Baerveldt, and Molteno implants. However, exposure appears to occur at any time within the first 5 years following implantation.
Relationship between Optic Nerve Head and Finger Blood Flow
Authors: Mozaffarieh Maneli , Osusky Roman , Schötzau Andreas , Flammer Josef 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To examine the relationship between optic nerve head (ONH) and finger blood flow in subjects with and without a primary vascular dysregulation (PVD). Methods ONH blood flow and finger blood flow was measured in 15 subjects with PVD and in 24 subjects without PVD. PVD was defined as being present if it was detected in patient history as well as by nailfold capillaromicroscopy PVD was defined as being absent if the patient history for PVD was negative and the results of nailfold capillaromicroscopy were negative. Scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used to measure ONH and finger blood flow. Finger temperature was measured in all subjects using a contact sensor. Results ONH blood flow is significantly related to finger blood flow in subjects with PVD (p<0.01), but not in subjects without a PVD. Subjects with PVD had a significantly lower finger skin temperature in comparison to those without PVD (p<0.01) Conclusions The present study indicates a relationship between ONH and finger blood flow in subjects with PVD. This might be an indirect sign of a disturbed autoregulation of ocular blood flow in PVD subjects.
Periorbital Necrotizing Fasciitis: Outcomes Using a CT-Guided Surgical Debridement Approach
Authors: Saldana Manuel , Gupta Deepak , Khandwala Mona , Weir Robert , Beigi Bijan 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The surgical management of necrotizing fasciitis usually involves early radical/wide and aggressive debridement of involved areas. We describe 5 cases of periorbital necrotizing fasciitis (NF), managed using a computed tomographic (CT)-guided approach to surgical debridement. Methods Retrospective case series review. Results Five patients (4 female, 1 male; age range 39–81) were treated for periorbital NF. The diagnosis was confirmed in all cases with blood cultures and wound swabs. All patients were managed medically by a surviving sepsis regimen. CT scans confirmed suprafascial infection and excluded orbital cellulitis. Four patients had minimal surgical debridement to the surface muscle. All patients survived. Four out of 5 patients underwent delayed reconstruction. Conclusions Periorbital NF behaves differently from NF of other areas. CT-guided surgical debridement of the superficial muscle maximizes preservation of healthy tissue and facilitates reconstruction. Delayed reconstruction allows fibrosis to settle and good cosmetic and functional results are possible. However, NF remains potentially lethal and close observation and a flexible management plan are required.
Sustained Regression of Florid Diabetic Retinopathy in a Patient with Donohue Syndrome (Leprechaunism)
Authors: Casati Stefano , Zoppini Giacomo , Muggeo Michele , Marchini Giorgio 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Leprechaunism is a rare congenital syndrome caused by mutations of the insulin receptor gene, transmitted in an autosomal recessive pattern. Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) treatment can be a therapeutic option in this syndrome by its insulin-like effects. Nevertheless, it is of note that IGF-1 has also an angiogenic activity. Methods Fundus examination by ophthalmoscopy, fluorangiography and laser treatment were performed. Results A 17-year-old girl with leprechaunism, under treatment with high doses of insulin, presented a florid diabetic retinopathy. The large neovascularization of the disk regressed after treatment with argon laser panretinal photocoagulation. Five years after treatment, the patient maintained good vision. Conclusions This clinical case is of interest for 2 reasons: 1) the large retinal neovascularization was likely due to the high insulin dosages; 2) this is the first case in which a sustained regression of retinal neovascularization has been observed after laser treatment in leprechaunism.
Proptosis of Eyeball in Children with Medial Rectus Cysticercosis: Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Prasad Rajniti , Bagri Narendra , Mishra Om Prakash , Kumar Singh Mahendra 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report 2 children with medial rectus cysticercosis presenting as proptosis of eyeball. Methods Case report. Results In orbital cysticercosis, extraocular muscle cysticercosis is the most common type. Two children, a 12-year-old girl and an 8 year-old boy, presented with proptosis and pain in the left eye. Both were diagnosed with medial rectus cysticercosis based on computed tomographic scan and serologic report and treated with oral albendazole and prednisolone without any residual ocular motility restriction. Conclusions We report 2 cases of medial rectus muscle enlargement caused by cysticercosis; describe its clinical importance, diagnosis, and treatment; and present a review of the literature.
Evaluation of Transconjunctival Frontalis Suspension Using Nonabsorbable Suture
Authors: Gawdat Tamer I. , Elsayed Suzan F. , El-Din Yehia M. Salah , Kamel Hesham F. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To evaluate the transconjunctival frontalis suspension technique using nonabsorbable suture (4/0 polypropylene) in patients with severe blepharoptosis and poor levator function. Methods. A total of 22 patients (33 ptotic eyelids) were included in a prospective interventional case series study. All had severe ptosis with poor levator function. Transconjunctival frontalis suspension using 4/0 polypropylene suture was done in all patients. Results. Twelve patients (17 eyelids) had congenital ptosis, 6 patients (12 eyelids) had blepharophimosis, and 4 patients (4 eyelids) had traumatic ptosis. The surgical technique was easy and fast and surgical results in the 3 groups were good functionally and cosmetically. Recurrences in 3 eyelids (9%) happened after 3 years. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 4 years. Conclusions. Transconjunctival frontalis suspension technique is simple and time saving for treatment of severe ptosis with poor levator function. It gives good functional and cosmetic results. Healing was normal with no postoperative swelling or infection. 4/0 Polypropylene exhibits satisfactory results and easy manipulation.
Lamellar Keratoplasty with a Novel Anterior Chamber System and Organ Cultured Donor Corneas
Authors: Grueterich Martin , Messmer Elisabeth M. , Lackerbauer Carlo , Kampik Anselm 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To present a novel artificial anterior chamber system for anterior and posterior lamellar keratoplasty. Methods. The artificial anterior chamber system MOZART™ in conjunction with the AMADEUS™ II microkeratome was evaluated for its applicability in anterior and posterior lamellar keratoplasty using organ cultured donor corneas. Results. Twelve patients underwent microkeratome-assisted lamellar keratoplasty for corneal opacifications due to either anterior stromal scaring or endothelial decompensation. Eight patients underwent Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and 4 patients underwent anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK). A 400-μm and 250-μm cutting head was used for DSAEK and ALK, respectively. In all patients, an 8.5-mm suction ring was applied. For the 250-μm cutting head, a mean anterior lamella thickness of 244±12 μm was found. For the 400-μm cutting head, a mean anterior lamella thickness of 390±18 μm was found. The graft diameter was 8.85±0.5 mm for the 8.5-mm suction ring with both cutting heads. Deswelling of the anterior donor lamella was 11.5% compared to 30% of the posterior lamella transplant after 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions. The AMADEUS™ II microkeratome in conjunction with the MOZART™ artificial anterior chamber system proved to be a suitable device for modern lamellar keratoplasty. Swelling and deswelling characteristics of organ cultured corneas need to be further investigated to optimize the deswelling time prior to donor cornea sectioning in lamellar keratoplasty.