bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography images in an acute stage of Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease
Authors: Almenara Michelena C. , Ascaso F.J. , Núñez E. , Martínez M. , Pérez I. , Esteban O. , Idoate A. , Sánchez J.I. , Bartolomé I. , Berniolles J. , Cristóbal J.Á. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeVogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada (VKH) disease is a rare granulomatous inflammatory disorder that affects pigmented structures, such as eye, inner ear, meninges, skin and hear. It is mainly a Th1 lymphocyte mediated aggression to melanocytes after a viral trigger in the presence of HLA‐DRB1*0405 allele. The disease has an acute onset of bilateral blurred vision preceded by flu‐like symptoms. Prompt diagnosis followed by early, aggressive and long‐term treatment with high‐dose corticosteroids is critical for a good visual prognosis.MethodsWe present a case of a 55‐year‐old woman with a 12‐h history of bilateral central blurred vision accompanied with oppressive headache for the past 5 days. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was counting fingers in both eyes. Slit‐lamp biomicroscopy evaluation and Goldmann applanation intraocular pressure (IOP) were normal.ResultsFunduscopic examination and spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) revealed bilateral optic disc swealling and multiple focal areas of exudative retinal detachment, including macular detachment. Combined with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, this patient was diagnosed with VKH disease and was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone which was then gradually tapered. SD‐OCT were performed upon initial presentation and at 5‐days and 1‐month follow‐up. Retinal signs resolved two months following treatment and BCVA was 20/25 in both eyes.ConclusionsFocal areas of subretinal fluid are usually present at the beginning of VKH disease. SD‐OCT has a significantly importance in the early detection of these areas and follow‐up of the disease.
Spironolactone in the treatment of nonresolving central serous chorioretinopathy: a comparative analysis
Authors: Lee J.Y. , Kim D.Y. , Kim J.Y. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of spironolactone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, for naïve and nonresolving central serous chorioretinopathy.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted of all central serous chorioretinopathy patients at one center treated with spironolactone (50 mg once a day) or observation. Thirty eyes of 30 patients with central serous chorioretinopathy and persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) for at least 8 weeks were enrolled. Patients were followed at monthly intervals with examination and optical coherence tomography. The primary outcome measure was the changes in SRF thickness from baseline to the apex of the serous retinal detachment. Secondary outcome included the best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA).ResultsThe mean duration of central serous chorioretinopathy before enrollment in study eyes was 11.13 ± 2.40 weeks. Spironolactone demonstrated statistically significant visual acuity improvement (0.12 ± 0.09) and SRF reduction (273.07 ± 71.16 μm) at 3 months compared to baseline (0.25 ± 0.17, p = 0.003; 432.57 ± 108.99 μm, p = 0.001, respectively). Eight of the 14 patients with spironolactone had complete resolution of SRF at 3 months, compared to six of the 16 patients under observation (p = 0.377). Data analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in SRF and visual acuity in spironolactone treated eyes as compared with the same eyes under observation (p = 0.043, p = 0.047, respectively). There were no complications related to treatment observed.ConclusionsIn naïve eyes with persistent SRF due to central serous chorioretinopathy, spironolactone had a positive effect in the reduction of SRF and recovery of visual acuity.
Surgical Effect of Medial Rectus Posterior pulley fixation in Esotropia greater at near fixation
Authors: Choi H.Y. , Jeon H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo determine the surgical effect of medial rectus posterior pulley fixation in esotropia greater at near fixation.MethodsMedical records of consecutive patients who underwent medial rectus posterior pulley fixation for esotropia greater at near fixation and followed up at least 1 year were reviewed retrospectively. Surgical success was defined as orthotropic or ≤8 prism diopters (PD) esotropia at distance at 1 year after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative deviation, distance‐near disparity and the sensory status were evaluated. Stereoacuity was measured with Titmus test and normal stereoacuity was defined as ≤100 arc sec at one year after surgery.ResultsSixteen patients were included the study. The mean age at surgery was 6.29 ± 2.17 years (range 3.00–9.92) and mean follow up period was 18.8 ± 4.79 months (range 12.00–27.00). Preoperative angle of deviation was 23.31 ± 12.37 PD at distance, 33.81 ± 10.95 PD at near and distance‐near disparity was 10.50 ± 4.77 PD. Twelve patients underwent bilateral medial rectus recession and 4 underwent unilateral medial rectus recession. Fourteen (85.8%) patients achieved surgical success and 2(14.2%) patients were undercorrected. The mean distance‐near discrepancy was 5.81 ± 4.48 PD at 1 year after surgery, which was significantly decreased (p = 0.018, Wilcoxon signed ranked test). Normal stereoacuity at near fixation was achieved in 10 (32.5%) patients at 1 year after surgery.ConclusionsMedial rectus posterior pulley fixation may be the effective method in esotropia greater at near fixation.
Strabismus in Children with Periventricular leukomalacia: MRI correlation
Authors: Choi H.Y. , Jeon H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo investigate the correlation between strabismus and the severity of PVL based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Although strabismus is commonly associated with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), its clinical features are not well established.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 73 consecutive patients who visited the Department of Ophthalmology and were diagnosed with PVL were included. The severity of PVL was graded based on the MRI findings of the patients. All of the patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination, and strabismus was characterized in terms of direction, constancy, and angle of deviation. The prevalence and the characteristics of strabismus and their correlation with the grade of PVL were investigated.ResultsThe perinatal characteristics did not differ between different grades of PVL. Refractive errors, found in 56 (76.7%) patients, did not differ between the grades of PVL either. Strabismus was observed in 38 (52.1%) patients, and its prevalence increased with the grade of the disorder; 20 patients had exotropia and 18 had esotropia. Constant strabismus was found more frequently in patients with higher grade PVL. However, the direction and angle of deviation did not differ depending on the grade of PVL.ConclusionsThe prevalence of strabismus was higher among patients with PVL than among healthy individuals and increased with the severity of PVL. The severity of PVL might be related to the presence and constancy of strabismus. Early ophthalmic evaluation is necessary in children with PVL, especially in those with higher grades of the disease.
Relationship between visual outcomes and initial optical coherence tomographic findings in macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion after bevacizumab treatment
Authors: Kwon Y.H. , Kim S.T. , Ahn H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo investigate the relationship between initial spectral‐domain optical coherence tomographic (SD‐OCT) features in macular edema (ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and visual acuity (VA) at 1 year after intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) treatment.MethodsPatients diagnosed with ME secondary to BRVO and treated with IVB with 1 year follow up time were reviewed retrospectively. The presence of diffuse ME, cystic ME, disruption of the photoreceptor IS/OS junction (IS/OS disruption), serous retinal detachment (SRD) and epiretinal membrane (ERM) was evaluated and, central macular thickness (CMT), maximal central retinal height (MCRT) and sum of maximal retinal heights in five lines (5‐sum) were measured on initial SD‐OCT images. The patients were divided into two group; improved in visual acuity at 1 year after treatment (Group 1) and not improved (Group 2). Statistical analysis was done to evaluate the relationship between OCT findings and group division.Results49 patients (49 eyes) was enrolled in this study. 27 patients were in Group 1, 22 patients were in group 2. There was no significant difference of sex ratio, age and mean VA at initial visit between Group 1 and 2. It was found that the risk of being included in Group 2 increased approximately 5‐fold in the presence of diffuse ME, but IS/OS disruption, SRD, and ERM did not show a statistically significant relationship with improvement in VA. Initial VA and 5‐sum were significantly correlated with final VA. However, age, CMT, and MCRT had no statistically significance with final VA.ConclusionsThis study suggests that initial SD‐OCT findings and the measurements of patients with ME secondary to BRVO can be useful for predicting the visual outcome after IVB treatment. Initial VA, presence of diffuse ME and sum of maximal retinal heights in five lines were related with visual outcome.
Comparison between Aflibercept, Ranibizumab intravitreal injection on Neovascular Age‐related macular degeneration patients
Authors: Kwon Y.H. , Min J.S. , Ahn H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo investigate the difference of optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings between aflibercept treatment group and ranibizumab treatment group.MethodsThis study include 63 patients (n = 63 eyes) diagnosed with treatment‐naïve neovascular AMD, and they were treated with aflibercept or ranibizumab monthly for 3 months. We compared the changes of the two groups between before the treatment and after the treatment with optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings such as serous pigment epithelium detachment, fibrovascular pigment epithelium detachment, subretinal fluid, intraretinal fluid, dense zone of outer retina, classic neovascularization, and hyper‐reflective dots. And we also compared the changes of BCVA and IS/OS length, ELM length, central foveal thickness with optical OCT between the two groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences between two groups before each treatments. Serous pigment epithelium detachments were disappeared 36% in aflibercept group, 5% in ranibizumab group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.021). There was no significant changes such as BCVA change, OCT finding changes except for serous pigment epithelium detachment between the two groups.ConclusionsFor treatment of neovascular AMD patients, aflibercept might be more effective in serous pigment epithelium detachment than ranibizumab. Because there was no significant visual acuity improvement in serous pigment detachment improvement group in both two treatments, it might be necessary to study further about relationship between visual acuity and serous pigment detachment improvement.
Comparison of perceptual eye positions among patients with different degrees of anisometropia
Authors: Zeng J. , Yang C. , Yang X. , Yan L. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo compare the perceptual eye positions among patients with different degrees of anisometropia.Methods157 patients were recruited and devided into 3 groups according to the spherical equivalent (SE) difference between two eyes: group A with anisometropia>2.50D, group B with anisometropia>1.00D and ≤2.50D, group C with anisometropia ≤1.00D. The degree of refractive errors in presence of astigmatism was converted into the degree of spherical equivalent. We compared the vertical and horizontal perceptual eye positions among the three groups, using polarized monitor and three‐dimension (3D) polarized glasses. The results were recorded and statistically analyzed by SPSS19.0.ResultsGroup A included 32 patients, aged (14.51 ± 9.50) years old; group B included 37 patients, aged (15.52 ± 9.61) years old; group C included 88 patients, aged (15.03 ± 9.73) years old. There was no significant difference in age among the three groups. The SE differences between two eyes were as follows: group A (5.04 ± 2.92) D, group B (1.48 ± 0.40) D, group C (0.31 ± 0.28) D. The average vertical perceptual eye position pixels were (13.84 ± 13.87) in group A, (6.51 ± 7.19) in group B and (7.60 ± 9.26) in group C. There were significant differences between group A and group B (p < 0.05), group A and group C (p < 0.05), while no significant difference between group B and group C (p > 0.05). The average horizontal perceptual eye position pixels were (62.78 ± 94.81) in group A, (42.37 ± 55.96) in group B and (47.90 ± 56.18) in group C. There was no significant difference among the three groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThere was obvious deviation in vertical perceptual eye position in patients with anisometropia>2.50D, indicating that the unstability of vertical perceptual eye position might be a critical factor for the development of anisometropia.
Cyberknife treatment in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland
Authors: Tunc M. , Guney Y. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo determine the effectiveness of Cyberknife radiotherapy in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the lacrimal gland.MethodsFive patients with pathologically proven adenoid cystic carcinoma of the orbit were included in our study. All received 1–2 sessions of Cyberknife treatement in between 1–5 fractions after surgical resection of the tumor. Clinical characteristics and outcome of treatment were discussed in depth.ResultsAll patients except one case were under 25 years old at diagnosis. Bone involvement was present in four cases. Tumor was removed as much as possible in all cases. All patients received additional cyberknife radiotherapy for the residual tumor. Tumor recurrence was seen in four cases and additional surgical resection was required in all. Additional second session Cyberknife was applied in two cases. One of these two developed radiation induced keratopathty, none developed radiation retinopathy.ConclusionsCyberknife radiotherapy is an effective and repeatable method in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the orbit.
Orbital mucocele: Orbital Masquarading Syndrome
Authors: Tunc M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo discuss the clinical features and management in orbital mucucele.MethodsSix patients who were presented with progressive proptosis and orbital mass were included in our analysis. One patient had a history of gastric cancer, one patient had a history of previous trauma. All patients underwent surgery and excisional biopsies for differential diagnosis. The pathological diagnosis was consistent with mucocele in all cases. Three patients were controlled well with the initial surgical procedure, whereas 3 patients needed additional surgeries with sinus drainage.ResultsAll patients had inferior proptosis, as the tumor was involving superior and medial orbit. CT imaging demonstrated bone erosions in 4 cases. Surgically all cases represent cystic mass lesions without any solid component. Adding sinus drainage at the initial surgery may prevent recurrences in orbital mucocele.ConclusionsOrbital mucocele may masquarade lymphoid and cystoid orbital tumors, and all cases should be biopsied for differential diagnosis. In confirmed lesions drainage of the paranasal sinuses may prevent recurrences significantly.
Primary open angle glaucoma treated by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU): results at 18 months of a prospective pilot study on patients treated with the 2nd generation probe
Authors: Rouland J.F. , Aptel F. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo assess the safety and efficacy of Ultrasound Ciliary Plasty (UCP procedure) using HIFU (high intensity focused ultrasound) with a second‐generation probe which increases the treatment surface area and the firing duration in patients with primary open angle glaucoma.MethodsProspective clinical series performed in two University Hospitals, on twenty eyes of twenty patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma, treated with the EyeOP1 medical device equipped with six miniaturized cylindrical piezoelectric transducers of a new generation with an increased lesion volume. All eyes were treated with an 8‐s exposure time per transducer. The main assessment criteria were safety and efficacy measured by the incidence of complications and IOP reduction. Ophthalmic examination and ultrasound biomicroscopy were performed before treatment and during clinical follow‐up at D7, M1, M3, M6, M12, M18 and M24.ResultsNo major intra‐ or post‐operative complications were observed during follow‐up period. Clinical examination showed no lesions of ocular structures other than the ciliary body and no or few signs of intraocular inflammation after treatment. The mean intraocular pressure was significantly reduced from 29.1 ± 5.4 mmHg before treatment to 17.8 ± 6.2 mmHg at last follow‐up. Five patients have needed a second ultrasound procedure and two patients a third procedure. With a mean follow‐up of 18 months, success rate, as defined by an IOP reduction >20% after one or more UCP procedures was 67%. The mean IOP reduction achieved in responding patients was 44%.ConclusionsCoagulation of the ciliary body using high intensity focused ultrasound carried out with the new‐generation of miniaturized transducers is a simple, well‐tolerated procedure which enables to significantly reduce the intraocular pressure in patients with Open Angle Glaucoma.
Retinal nerve fiber layer atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis: Longitudinal 5 years study
Authors: Garcia Martin E. , Satue M. , Rodrigo M.J. , Obis J. , Cipres Alastuey M. , Vilades E. , Otin S. , Polo V. , Larrosa J.M. , Pablo L. , Gracia H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses in multilple sclerosis (MS) patients compared with healthy subjects during 5 years of follow up. To compare ability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field test to detect axonal damage.MethodsFifty eyes of 50 MS patients and 50 eyes of 50 healthy controls were included. All of them underwent measurements of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) refractive defect, color vision, visual field, and OCT (Spectralis OCT). All of them were annual re‐evaluated during 5 years. Change in both groups (MS patients and healthy controls) were evaluated and compared using paired T Student′s test.ResultsWe found decrease in all RNFL thicknesses during the 5 years follow‐up in both groups (patients and controls), and the changes were significant higher in MS group (T Student′s, p ≤ 0.05). No differences were found between patients and controls in visual functional tests (BCVA, color vision test and visual field). Higher change was found in inferior quadrant (113.67 in baseline and 105.39 μm in 5 years visit in MS group, p < 0.001). Correlations between structural and functional tests were found, but not between the changes in both tests during the 5 years follow up.ConclusionsMS progression causes axonal damage that can be detected by OCT but not by visual functional tests.
Papilledema secondary to internal jugular veins thrombosis in a peritoneal dialysis patient
Authors: Braga J. , Loureiro M. , Barros P. , Gomes A.M. , Meira D. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeIntracranial hypertension secondary to internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis has been described in patients undergoing hemodialysis with peripheral hemodialysis shunts or repeated subclavian and jugular veins catheterizations. Pseudotumor cerebri, with no identified IJV thrombosis has also been reported in dialysis patients and has been associated with chronic or recurrent dialysis disequilibrium. We aim to report the case of a dialysis patient with papilledema secondary to bilateral IJV thrombosis.MethodsCase report with fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, perimetry, brain imaging with venography, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and neck eco Doppler.ResultsA 38‐year‐old man with end stage kidney disease undergoing peritoneal dialysis for 4 years presented with transient blurred vision, lasting a few minutes at a time, exacerbated by positional changes, with no vision loss or other symptoms. Physical examination revealed bilateral disc edema. No other ophthalmologic or neurological signs were found. Head CT with venography was unremarkable. Lumbar puncture CSF opening pressure was 23 cm H2O with normal CSF composition. Humphrey visual field were normal. Posterior neck eco Doppler showed absence of IJV bilaterally, which established the diagnosis.ConclusionsPapilledema secondary to IJV thrombosis may occur in dialysis patients as a result of hemodynamic factors related to arteriovenous fistulas or chest/neck veins catheterization and also in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. End stage kidney disease is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events and IJV thrombosis must be promptly ruled out in patients presenting with altered vision and papilledema.
Temporal macular ganglion‐cell inner plexiform layer thinning is a hallmark of early glaucomatous damage
Authors: Triolo G. , Monsalve P. , Feuer W.J. , Mwanza J.C. , Gedde S.J. , Parrish R.K. , Budenz D.L. , Vazquez L.E. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo investigate the pattern of damage affecting the GCIPL and to compare it to the topographical RNFL thinning in early glaucoma (EG).MethodsTotal Average (Tot Avg) and quadrant (S, I, N, T) RNFL, Tot Avg and sector (ST, S, SN, IN, I, IT) GCIPL thicknesses were acquired with Cirrus SD‐OCT in 99 controls, 99 EG, and 50 severe glaucoma (SG) patients. S/I Avg and N/T Avg RNFL, T Avg and N Avg GCIPL thicknesses were also calculated. AUCs were obtained for each parameter. ANCOVA was used to study the changes occurring to couples of rNFL/GCIPL sectors according with VFMD. RNFL and GCIPL sectors were compared normalizing the raw values to their sector's dynamic range [the interval between mean sector thickness in controls (max) and minimum sector thickness in SG (floor)], using the following equation: (sector thickness–floor)/(max–floor). The relationship between VFMD and S RNFL/ST GCIPL or I RNFL/IT GCIPL normalized thicknesses was investigated with linear regression analysis.ResultsGCIPL and RNFL sectors were thinner in EG and SG than controls (ANOVA, p < 0.001). In the EG group T Avg GCIPL was thinner than N Avg GCIPL (p < 0.001). S/I Avg rNFL had a higher AUC compared to Tot Avg (p = 0.001) and N/T Avg rNFL (p < 0.001). Similarly, T Avg GCIPL had a higher AUC (0.936) compared to Tot Avg GCIPL (p = 0.019) or N Avg GCIPL (p < 0.001). T Avg and N Avg GCIPL slopes against VFMD were significantly different (p < 0.001) in EG (VFMD ≥–6 dB), but not in SG (VFMD <–6 dB, p = 0.79). In EG, the slopes against VFMD were not statistically different for ST GCIPL vs. S RNFL (p = 0.258) and for IT GCIPL vs. I RNFL (p = 0.164).ConclusionsTemporal macular GCIPL thinning is a hallmark of early glaucomatous damage along with S/I peripapillary RNFL thinning. Conversely, nasal GCIPL sectors are relatively spared in EG, resembling a pattern of damage more typical of N/T peripapillary RNFL.