bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change reduces warming potential of nitrous oxide by an enhanced Brewer‐Dobson circulation
Authors: Kracher Daniela , Reick Christian H. , Manzini Elisa , Schultz Martin G. , Stein Olaf 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Brewer‐Dobson circulation (BDC), which is an important driver of the stratosphere‐troposphere exchange, is expected to accelerate with climate change. One particular consequence of this acceleration is the enhanced transport of nitrous oxide (N2O) from its sources at the Earth's surface toward its main sink region in the stratosphere, thus inducing a reduction in its lifetime. N2O is a potent greenhouse gas and the most relevant currently emitted ozone‐depleting substance. Here we examine the implications of a reduced N2O lifetime in the context of climate change. We find a decrease in its global warming potential (GWP) and, due to a decline in the atmospheric N2O burden, also a reduction in its total radiative forcing. From the idealized transient global warming simulation we can identify linear regressions for N2O sink, lifetime, and GWP with temperature rise. Our findings are thus not restricted to a particular scenario.
Evaluating biases in simulated land surface albedo from CMIP5 global climate models
Authors: Li Yue , Wang Tao , Zeng Zhenzhong , Peng Shushi , Lian Xu , Piao Shilong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLand surface albedo is a key parameter affecting energy balance and near‐surface climate. In this study, we used satellite data to evaluate simulated surface albedo in 37 models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). There was a systematic overestimation in the simulated seasonal cycle of albedo with the highest bias occurring during the Northern Hemisphere's winter months. The bias in surface albedo during the snow‐covered season was classified into that in snow cover fraction (SCF) and albedo contrast (β1). There was a general overestimation of β1 due to the simulated snow‐covered albedo being brighter than the observed value; negative biases in SCF were not always related to negative albedo biases, highlighting the need for realistic representation of snow‐covered albedo in models. In addition, models with a lower leaf area index (LAI) tend to produce a higher surface albedo over the boreal forests during the winter, which emphasizes the necessity of improving LAI simulations in CMIP5 models. Insolation weighting showed that spring albedo biases were of greater importance for climate. The removal of albedo biases is expected to improve temperature simulations particularly over high‐elevation regions.
The Methylene Alkoxy Carbamate Self‐Immolative Unit: Utilization for the Targeted Delivery of Alcohol‐Containing Payloads with Antibody–Drug Conjugates
Authors: Kolakowski Robert V. , Haelsig Karl T. , Emmerton Kim K. , Leiske Chris I. , Miyamoto Jamie B. , Cochran Julia H. , Lyon Robert P. , Senter Peter D. , Jeffrey Scott C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA strategy for the conjugation of alcohol‐containing payloads to antibodies has been developed and involves the methylene alkoxy carbamate (MAC) self‐immolative unit. A series of MAC β‐glucuronide model constructs were prepared to evaluate stability and enzymatic release, and the results demonstrated high stability at physiological pH in a substitution‐dependent manner. All the MAC model compounds efficiently released alcohol drug surrogates under the action of β‐glucuronidase. To assess the MAC technology for ADCs, the potent microtubule‐disrupting agent auristatin E (AE) was incorporated through the norephedrine alcohol. Conjugation of the MAC β‐glucuronide AE drug linker to the anti‐CD30 antibody cAC10, and an IgG control antibody, gave potent and immunologically specific activities in vitro and in vivo. These studies validate the MAC self‐immolative unit for alcohol‐containing payloads within ADCs, a class that has not been widely exploited.
Nitrogenases—A Tale of Carbon Atom(s)
Authors: Hu Yilin , Ribbe Markus W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNamed after its ability to catalyze the reduction of nitrogen to ammonia, nitrogenase has a surprising rapport with carbon—both through the interstitial carbide that resides in the central cavity of its cofactor and through its ability to catalyze the reductive carbon–carbon coupling of small carbon compounds into hydrocarbon products. Recently, a radical‐SAM‐dependent pathway was revealed for the insertion of carbide, which signifies a novel biosynthetic route to complex bridged metalloclusters. Moreover, a sulfur‐displacement mechanism was proposed for the activation of carbon monoxide by nitrogenase, which suggests an essential role of the interstitial carbide in maintaining the stability while permitting a certain flexibility of the cofactor structure during substrate turnover.
A comparative study on layered cobalt hydroxides in water oxidation
Authors: Leng Xue , Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Zeng Qingcong , Gentle Ian R. , Wang Da‐Wei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOxygen evolution reaction has attracted extensive attention in energy conversion and storage technology (e. g. water splitting and rechargeable metal–air batteries). Its sluggish kinetics demands effective electrocatalysts to minimize the reaction barrier. Transition metal (oxy)hydroxides with a layered structure are one of the most active non‐noble electrocatalysts. In this study, we compared the oxygen evolution performance of α‐Co(OH)2, β‐Co(OH)2 and β‐CoOOH. Our results showed that α‐type hydroxide is more active than β‐type with 60 mV lower overpotential at 10 mA/cm2 and three times higher current density at 450 mV overpotential. The plausible reason of this superior oxygen evolution activity is likely relevant to the large interlayer space in α‐type hydroxide. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal and Gas Dual‐Responsive Behaviors of an Expanded UiO‐66‐Type Porous Coordination Polymer
Authors: Zhou Hao‐Long , Bai Jie , Ye Jia‐Wen , Mo Zong‐Wen , Zhang Wei‐Xiong , Zhang Jie‐Peng , Chen Xiao‐Ming 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThrough a modified solvothermal reaction using benzoic acid as an additive, the fcu‐type framework [Zr6O4(OH)4(edba)6] (H2edba=4,4′‐(ethyne‐1,2‐diyl)dibenzoic acid), an expanded version of UiO‐66, is synthesized as high‐quality single crystals, which can retain their single‐crystallinity after solvent exchange and degas treatments. In situ variable‐temperature single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements show that the guest‐free framework exhibits a remarkably large isotropic negative thermal expansion (α=−11.0×10−6 K−1) as a result of the transverse vibrational bending of the long organic ligand. By virtue of the relatively large π‐conjugation system of the organic ligand, [Zr6O4(OH)4(edba)6] also exhibits bright blue luminescence, which can be quenched efficiently by gaseous O2 (Ksv=2.4 bar−1).
CatacLysMic specificity when targeting myeloid cells?
Authors: Blank Thomas , Prinz Marco 
Published: May 2016

The antibacterial enzyme lysozyme M (LysM) encoded by the Lyz2 gene is broadly expressed in myeloblasts, macrophages, and neutrophils, and thus has been used for a long time as a cell‐specific marker for myeloid cells in mice. In order to delete loxP‐site flanked genes in myeloid cells, a Cre‐recombinase (Cre) expressing mouse line was created by inserting Cre‐coding sequence into the translational start site of the LysM gene. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology [2016. 46: 1529–1532], Orthgiess et al. verify, with the help of tdTomato and YFP reporter mouse lines, LysM‐driven recombination. Unexpectedly, the authors also describe major expression of the tdTomato reporter protein in brain neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), with only a very small percentage of gene recombination in myeloid cells of the brain, called microglia. These findings cause justified concerns regarding the efficient and specific targeting of microglia and peripheral myeloid cells using LysM‐Cre mice and should stimulate thoughts on conclusions drawn from past experiments on the diseased CNS employing this Cre/loxP‐deleter line.
Antioxidant potential of Juglans nigra, black walnut, husks extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide with an ethanol modifier
Authors: Wenzel Jonathan , Storer Samaniego Cheryl , Wang Lihua , Burrows Laron , Tucker Evan , Dwarshuis Nathan , Ammerman Michelle , Zand Ali 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe black walnut, Junglas nigra, is indigenous to eastern North America, and abscission of its fruit occurs around October. The fruit consists of a husk, a hard shell, and kernel. The husk is commonly discarded in processing, though it contains phenolic compounds that exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. For this study, black walnut husks were extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide with an ethanol modifier. The effects of temperature, ethanol concentration, and drying of walnut husks prior to extraction upon antioxidant potential were evaluated using a factorial design of experiments. The solvent density was held constant at 0.75 g/mL. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be 68°C and 20 wt‐% ethanol in supercritical carbon dioxide. At these conditions, the antioxidant potential as measured by the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay was 0.027 mmol trolox equivalent/g (mmol TE/g) for dried walnut husk and 0.054 mmol TE/g for walnut husks that were not dried. Antioxidant potential was also evaluated using the total phenolic content (TPC) and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) assays and the FRAP assay was found to linearly correlate to the TPC assay.
Impact of parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism on quality of life: A case‐control study using Short Form Health Survey 36
Authors: Dulfer Roderick , Geilvoet Wanda , Morks Annelien , van Lieshout Esther M.M. , Smit Casper P.C , Nieveen van Dijkum Els J.M. , in't Hof Klaas , van Dam Frits , van Eijck Casper H.J. , de Graaf Peter W. , van Ginhoven Tessa M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundPhysical and mental complaints are common in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and negatively impact quality of life (QOL). Subjective symptoms in current guidelines are not considered an indication for surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of parathyroidectomy on QOL in patients with PHPT.MethodsThis multicenter case‐control study investigated preoperative and postoperative QOL scores in patients operated for PHPT, measured with the Short Form Health Survey‐36 (SF‐36) questionnaire. Results were compared with patients undergoing a hemithyroidectomy, the control group.ResultsFifty‐two patients and 49 controls were included. Patients with PHPT had significantly lower QOL scores preoperatively and improved significantly after successful surgical treatment. Postoperatively, no differences were observed between the 2 groups.ConclusionQOL was significantly lower in patients with untreated PHPT. Surgical treatment was associated with a significant increase in QOL. Decreased QOL should also be considered as an indicator for surgical treatment in patients with PHPT. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1213–1220, 2016
Postnatal Development of the Degu (Octodon degus) Endocrine Stress Response Is Affected by Maternal Care
Authors: Bauer Carolyn M. , Ebensperger Luis A. , León Cecilia , Ramírez‐Estrada Juan , Hayes Loren D. , Romero L. Michael 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTMaternal stress and care significantly affect offspring's future behavior and physiology. Studies in laboratory rats have shown that maternal stress decreases maternal care and that low rates of certain maternal behaviors cause offspring to develop hyperreactive stress responses. Plurally breeding rodents that practice communal care, such as degus (Octodon degus), may be able to buffer some of these effects since offspring receive care from multiple females. Directly after parturition, 0% (Control group), 50% (Mixed group), or 100% (CORT group) per cage of pair‐housed female degus were implanted with 21‐day release cortisol pellets. The amount of maternal care provided by females was determined from video recordings during the next 3 weeks. Females with cortisol implants did not alter rates of maternal care. However, females recently introduced to captivity had low rates of pup contact and pup retrievals compared to females of captive origin. When pups reached 4 weeks of age, we determined their baseline and stress‐induced cortisol levels, in addition to assessing their negative feedback efficacy and adrenal sensitivity. Pups from mothers recently introduced to captivity had weak negative feedback. Within captive pups, those from CORT mothers weighed less compared to pups from either Control or Mixed mothers. Captive CORT pups also had weak adrenal sensitivity compared to captive Control pups. These findings demonstrate that maternal care and glucocorticoid elevation impact certain components of the degu pup stress response, but that plural breeding with communal care may buffer some of these effects.
Effects of carbohydrate/protein ratio on the microstructure and the barrier and sorption properties of wheat starch–whey protein blend edible films
Authors: Basiak Ewelina , Lenart Andrzej , Debeaufort Frédéric 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDStarch and whey protein isolate and their mixtures were used for making edible films. Moisture sorption isotherms, water vapour permeability, sorption of aroma compounds, microstructure, water contact angle and surface properties were investigated.RESULTSWith increasing protein content, the microstructure changes became more homogeneous. The water vapour permeability increases with both the humidity gradient and the starch content. For all films, the hygroscopicity increases with starch content. Surface properties change according to the starch/whey protein ratio and are mainly related to the polar component of the surface tension. Films composed of 80% starch and 20% whey proteins have more hydrophobic surfaces than the other films due to specific interactions.CONCLUSIONSThe effect of carbohydrate/protein ratio significantly influences the microstructure, the surface wettability and the barrier properties of wheat starch–whey protein blend films. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessing the impact of common bile duct resection in the surgical management of gallbladder cancer
Authors: Gani Faiz , Buettner Stefan , Margonis Georgios A. , Ethun Cecilia G. , Poultsides George , Tran Thuy , Idrees Kamran , Isom Chelsea A. , Fields Ryan C. , Krasnick Bradley , Weber Sharon M. , Salem Ahmed , Martin Robert C.G. , Scoggins Charles , Shen Perry , Mogal Harveshp D. , Schmidt Carl , Beal Eliza , Hatzaras Ioannis , Shenoy Rivfka , Maithel Shishir K. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundAlthough radical re‐resection for gallbladder cancer (GBC) has been advocated, the optimal extent of re‐resection remains unknown. The current study aimed to assess the impact of common bile duct (CBD) resection on survival among patients undergoing surgery for GBC.MethodsPatients undergoing curative‐intent surgery for GBC were identified using a multi‐institutional cohort of patients. Multivariable Cox‐proportional hazards regression was performed to identify risk factors for a poor overall survival (OS).ResultsAmong the 449 patients identified, 26.9% underwent a concomitant CBD resection. The median number of lymph nodes harvested did not differ based on CBD resection (CBD, 4 [IQR: 2–9] vs. no CBD, 3 [IQR: 1–7], P = 0.108). While patients who underwent a CBD resection had a worse OS, after adjusting for potential confounders, CBD resection did not impact OS (HR = 1.40, 95%CI 0.87–2.27, P = 0.170). Rather, the presence of advanced disease (T3: HR = 3.11, 95%CI 1.22–7.96, P = 0.018; T4: HR = 7.24, 95%CI 1.70–30.85, P = 0.007) and the presence of disease at the surgical margin (HR = 2.58, 95%CI 1.26–5.31, P = 0.010) were predictive of a worse OS.ConclusionsCBD resection did not yield a higher lymph node count and was not associated with an improved survival. Routine CBD excision in the re‐resection of GBC is unwarranted and should only be performed selectively. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:176–180. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Routine sampling of internal mammary lymph nodes during microsurgical breast reconstruction—Experience based on 524 microsurgical breast reconstructions
Authors: Huang Jung‐Ju , Wu Chih‐Wei , Allen Robert J. , Shen Shih‐Che , Yu Chi‐Chang , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: May 2016

PurposeExploration of the internal mammary vessels during microsurgical reconstruction presents an ideal opportunity for identifying and sampling the internal mammary lymph node (IMLN) basin.MethodsA retrospective review of patients undergoing microsurgical breast reconstruction using the internal mammary vessels as recipient vessels was conducted from March 2000 to December 2014. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, preoperative lymph node mapping, reconstructive timing, and outcomes were studied.ResultsA total of 524 microsurgical breast reconstructions in 516 patients were performed using the internal mammary vessels. IMLNs were sampled in 53 immediate and 42 delayed breast reconstructions. Eight (seven in the immediate and one in the delayed group) of the sampled nodes were positive for cancer metastasis, for an incidence of 8.4% in identified lymph nodes. All patients with metastatic IMLNs subsequently received local‐regional radiation and chemotherapy. All patients were alive, and six were disease‐free at the conclusion of the study period, which had an average follow up of 67.3 months.ConclusionIncidentally encountered IMLNs during microsurgical breast reconstruction are frequently positive. With negligible downside and the possibility to provide additional information for treatment, the procedure should be encouraged. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:133–139. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sequential fetal serum β2‐microglobulin to predict postnatal renal function in bilateral or low urinary tract obstruction
Authors: Spaggiari E. , Faure G. , Dreux S. , Czerkiewicz I. , Stirnemann J. J. , Guimiot F. , Heidet L. , Favre R. , Salomon L. J. , Oury J. F. , Ville Y. , Muller F. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveFetal serum β2‐microglobulin has been shown to predict postnatal renal outcome in cases of fetal obstructive uropathy. We assessed the value of serial measurements of fetal serum β2‐microglobulin in the prediction of postnatal renal outcome.MethodsWe retrospectively studied renal outcome in 42 fetuses with bilateral or low urinary tract obstruction that had fetal blood sampling on at least two occasions to assay serum levels of β2‐microglobulin. Amniotic fluid volume at the time of each sampling was recorded. We classified renal outcome as either favorable (when postnatal renal function was normal) or adverse (when postnatal chronic renal failure occurred or when renal dysplasia at autopsy was noted). A β2‐microglobulin cut‐off of 5 mg/L and amniotic fluid index of 5 cm were used to predict postnatal renal outcome.ResultsRenal outcome was adverse in 28 cases and favorable in 14. In 12 (28.6%) cases, fetal serum β2‐microglobulin concentration differed between the first and last measurement. Prediction of postnatal renal outcome was correct in 11 of these cases based on the last β2‐microglobulin measurement. The sensitivity of β2‐microglobulin in predicting renal outcome was significantly higher (P = 0.005) when using the last rather than the first measurement (96.4% vs 64.3%), with similar specificity for both measurements (85.7% vs 78.6%, non‐significant). The sensitivity of amniotic fluid volume was also significantly higher (P = 0.005) when using the last rather than the first measurement (75.0% vs 35.7%), with similar specificity for both measurements (64.3% vs 71.4%, non‐significant).ConclusionSequential measurement of serum β2‐microglobulin, performed for adverse ultrasound findings, such as renal parenchymal abnormality or decreasing amniotic fluid volume, predicts postnatal renal outcome more accurately than does a single assay. This may be due to possible worsening of renal injury with increasing duration of urinary tract obstruction. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The molecular spectrum and distribution of haemoglobinopathies in Cyprus: a 20-year retrospective study
Authors: Kountouris Petros , Kousiappa Ioanna , Papasavva Thessalia , Christopoulos George , Pavlou Eleni , Petrou Miranda , Feleki Xenia , Karitzie Eleni , Phylactides Marios , Fanis Pavlos , Lederer Carsten W. , Kyrri Andreani R. , Kalogerou Eleni , Makariou Christiana , Ioannou Christiana , Kythreotis Loukas , Hadjilambi Georgia , Andreou Nicoletta , Pangalou Evangelia , Savvidou Irene , Angastiniotis Michael , Hadjigavriel Michael , Sitarou Maria , Kolnagou Annita , Kleanthous Marina , Christou Soteroula 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHaemoglobinopathies are the most common monogenic diseases, posing a major public health challenge worldwide. Cyprus has one the highest prevalences of thalassaemia in the world and has been the first country to introduce a successful population-wide prevention programme, based on premarital screening. In this study, we report the most significant and comprehensive update on the status of haemoglobinopathies in Cyprus for at least two decades. First, we identified and analysed all known 592 β-thalassaemia patients and 595 Hb H disease patients in Cyprus. Moreover, we report the molecular spectrum of α-, β- and δ-globin gene mutations in the population and their geographic distribution, using a set of 13824 carriers genotyped from 1995 to 2015 and estimate relative allele frequencies in carriers of β- and δ-globin gene mutations. Notably, several mutations are reported for the first time in the Cypriot population, whereas important differences are observed in the distribution of mutations across different districts of the island.
Coevolution analysis of Hepatitis C virus genome to identify the structural and functional dependency network of viral proteins
Authors: Champeimont Raphaël , Laine Elodie , Hu Shuang-Wei , Penin Francois , Carbone Alessandra 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA novel computational approach of coevolution analysis allowed us to reconstruct the protein-protein interaction network of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) at the residue resolution. For the first time, coevolution analysis of an entire viral genome was realized, based on a limited set of protein sequences with high sequence identity within genotypes. The identified coevolving residues constitute highly relevant predictions of protein-protein interactions for further experimental identification of HCV protein complexes. The method can be used to analyse other viral genomes and to predict the associated protein interaction networks.