bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of amino acids supplementation in low crude protein diets on growth performance, carcass traits and serum parameters in finishing gilts
Authors: Jiao Xilan , Ma Wenfeng , Chen Yanrong , Li Zhentian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of amino acids (AA) supplementation in low crude protein (CP) diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics in finishing gilts. One hundred and eighty gilts (59.1 ± 5.1 kg) were randomly allotted to one of five diets which consisted of a high CP (15.6%) diet or four low CP (11.6%) diets for 50 days. The low CP diets were supplemented with lysine + threonine + methionine (LCM), LCM + tryptophan (LCT), LCT + valine (LCV) or LCV + isoleucine (LCI), respectively. Gilts were housed at six pigs per pen with six pens per treatment. At the end of the 50‐day experiment, 30 gilts (one pig per pen) with average body weight (BW) of 98 kg were killed to evaluate carcass traits. The pigs fed the diet supplemented with LCV obtained the highest average daily gain (ADG), which was higher than those of pigs fed the diet supplemented with LCM (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with tryptophan, valine and isoleucine in low CP diets increased ADG (linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05), serum levels of valine (quadratic effect, P < 0.05) and isoleucine (linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA (linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05) in finishing gilts. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science
Biased ligand quantification in drug discovery: from theory to high throughput screening to identify new biased μ opioid receptor agonists
Authors: Winpenny David , Clark Mellissa , Cawkill Darren 
Published: January 2016

Background and PurposeBiased GPCR ligands are able to engage with their target receptor in a manner that preferentially activates distinct downstream signalling and offers potential for next generation therapeutics. However, accurate quantification of ligand bias in vitro is complex, and current best practice is not amenable for testing large numbers of compound. We have therefore sought to apply ligand bias theory to an industrial scale screening campaign for the identification of new biased μ receptor agonists.Experimental Approachμ receptor assays with appropriate dynamic range were developed for both Gαi‐dependent signalling and β‐arrestin2 recruitment. Δlog(Emax/EC50) analysis was validated as an alternative for the operational model of agonism in calculating pathway bias towards Gαi‐dependent signalling. The analysis was applied to a high throughput screen to characterize the prevalence and nature of pathway bias among a diverse set of compounds with μ receptor agonist activity.Key ResultsA high throughput screening campaign yielded 440 hits with greater than 10‐fold bias relative to DAMGO. To validate these results, we quantified pathway bias of a subset of hits using the operational model of agonism. The high degree of correlation across these biased hits confirmed that Δlog(Emax/EC50) was a suitable method for identifying genuine biased ligands within a large collection of diverse compounds.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis work demonstrates that using Δlog(Emax/EC50), drug discovery can apply the concept of biased ligand quantification on a large scale and accelerate the deliberate discovery of novel therapeutics acting via this complex pharmacology.
An Empirical Investigation in Sustaining High‐Quality Performance
Authors: Su Hung‐Chung , Linderman Kevin 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTMany organizations that were once quality leaders have had challenges sustaining high‐quality performance. Although research has examined frameworks and concepts that lead to high‐quality performance, few studies examine how to sustain high‐quality performance. Sustaining performance may require additional capabilities from what it takes to achieve it. Drawing on quality management literature, organizational resilience literature, and the theory of dynamic capabilities in the strategy literature, this study empirically investigates the effects of four capabilities that help sustain high‐quality performance. The analysis shows that capabilities in improvement, innovation, sensing weak signals, and responsiveness all help sustain high‐quality performance. This suggests that what it takes to achieve high‐quality performance is different, in part, from what it takes to sustain it. The data comes from a survey of 147 manufacturing business units. The analysis shows that the relative benefits of these capabilities may depend on the level of competitive intensity and environmental uncertainty. The findings provide empirical support for a theoretical model and practical guidance for sustaining quality performance.
Comparison of Left Ventricular Contractile Abnormalities in Stress‐Induced Cardiomyopathy versus Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Using Two‐Dimensional Strain Imaging
Authors: Briasoulis Alexandros , Marinescu Karolina , Mocanu Marian , Sattar Assad , Qaqi Osama , Cardozo Shaun , Kottam Anupama , Afonso Luis 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundData on left ventricular (LV) strain profiles in patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) in comparison with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) are limited. We sought to investigate regional and global LV longitudinal strain in a cohort of patients with known TC using two‐dimensional strain imaging (2DS) in comparison with patients with acute cardiomyopathy (ACM) due to severe obstructive left anterior descending arterial disease or triple‐vessel disease and healthy controls.MethodsTransthoracic echocardiography was performed in 34 patients with established TC, 24 patients with ACM, and 30 healthy subjects. We measured the segmental longitudinal strain in apical views by the use of EchoInsight Epsilon software. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) was calculated by averaging segmental wall strains.ResultsThe TC and ACM groups were comparable for age and demographic characteristics. Systolic and diastolic function were significantly impaired in both groups compared to controls. LV global and segmental systolic strain was also significantly attenuated in patients with TC and ACM compared to controls (P < 0.001). Moreover, LV basal segmental longitudinal strain was higher in the patients with TC compared to ACM (P = 0.02). Global and apical segmental strain appear to be higher in patients with mid‐ventricular variant compared to those with apical variant of TC with apical strain cutoff value of −7.85%, offering the best discriminatory value for differentiating these two patterns (P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe results of this hypothesis‐generating study indicate that longitudinal LV strain parameters are similarly impaired in patients with TC and ACM due to severe obstructive left anterior descending arterial disease or triple‐vessel disease. Assessment of two‐dimensional LV strain parameters could help differentiate between different TC patterns.
Cognitive flexibility modulates maturation and music‐training‐related changes in neural sound discrimination
Authors: Saarikivi Katri , Putkinen Vesa , Tervaniemi Mari , Huotilainen Minna 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated that musicians show superior neural sound discrimination when compared to non‐musicians, and that these changes emerge with accumulation of training. Our aim was to investigate whether individual differences in executive functions predict training‐related changes in neural sound discrimination. We measured event‐related potentials induced by sound changes coupled with tests for executive functions in musically trained and non‐trained children aged 9–11 years and 13–15 years. High performance in a set‐shifting task, indexing cognitive flexibility, was linked to enhanced maturation of neural sound discrimination in both musically trained and non‐trained children. Specifically, well‐performing musically trained children already showed large mismatch negativity (MMN) responses at a young age as well as at an older age, indicating accurate sound discrimination. In contrast, the musically trained low‐performing children still showed an increase in MMN amplitude with age, suggesting that they were behind their high‐performing peers in the development of sound discrimination. In the non‐trained group, in turn, only the high‐performing children showed evidence of an age‐related increase in MMN amplitude, and the low‐performing children showed a small MMN with no age‐related change. These latter results suggest an advantage in MMN development also for high‐performing non‐trained individuals. For the P3a amplitude, there was an age‐related increase only in the children who performed well in the set‐shifting task, irrespective of music training, indicating enhanced attention‐related processes in these children. Thus, the current study provides the first evidence that, in children, cognitive flexibility may influence age‐related and training‐related plasticity of neural sound discrimination.
An obesity‐associated risk allele within the FTO gene affects human brain activity for areas important for emotion, impulse control and reward in response to food images
Authors: Wiemerslage Lyle , Nilsson Emil K. , Solstrand Dahlberg Linda , Ence‐Eriksson Fia , Castillo Sandra , Larsen Anna L. , Bylund Simon B. A. , Hogenkamp Pleunie S. , Olivo Gaia , Bandstein Marcus , Titova Olga E. , Larsson Elna‐Marie , Benedict Christian , Brooks Samantha J. , Schiöth Helgi B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how genetics influences obesity, brain activity and eating behaviour will add important insight for developing strategies for weight‐loss treatment, as obesity may stem from different causes and as individual feeding behaviour may depend on genetic differences. To this end, we examined how an obesity risk allele for the FTO gene affects brain activity in response to food images of different caloric content via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Thirty participants homozygous for the rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism were shown images of low‐ or high‐calorie food while brain activity was measured via fMRI. In a whole‐brain analysis, we found that people with the FTO risk allele genotype (AA) had increased activity compared with the non‐risk (TT) genotype in the posterior cingulate, cuneus, precuneus and putamen. Moreover, higher body mass index in the AA genotype was associated with reduced activity to food images in areas important for emotion (cingulate cortex), but also in areas important for impulse control (frontal gyri and lentiform nucleus). Lastly, we corroborate our findings with behavioural scales for the behavioural inhibition and activation systems. Our results suggest that the two genotypes are associated with differential neural processing of food images, which may influence weight status through diminished impulse control and reward processing.
Impact of Mental Illness on Parenting Capacity in A Child Custody Matter
Authors: Deutsch Robin M. , Clyman Jeremy 
Published: January 2016

Recently, courts have seen an increase in cases where a parent has an alleged or documented mental illness. Understanding whether there is a mental illness and what the symptoms are and determining the meaning of this information for parenting and child functioning present a host of challenges for judges, custody evaluators, and attorneys. We offer an example of a custody evaluator's inquiry and present a functional‐contextual model for considering the significant parental capacities and vulnerabilities that impact child functioning, in order to better make decisions about parent access and treatment.

Practitioner Keypoints:
Understand how to effectively integrate mental health information into matters of custody
Identify parenting and co‐parenting tasks and behaviors that may be affected by mental illness
Identify parenting capacities that are linked to child outcomes
Review a step‐by‐step decision‐making process to effectively examine allegations of mental illness during a custody evaluation or dispute
Classification of frailty using the Kihon checklist: A cluster analysis of older adults in urban areas
Authors: Kera Takeshi , Kawai Hisashi , Yoshida Hideyo , Hirano Hirohiko , Kojima Motonaga , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Ihara Kazushige , Obuchi Shuichi 
Published: January 2016

AimFrailty is an important predictor of the need for long‐term care and hospitalization. Our aim was to categorize frailty in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThe present study was carried out in 2011–2013, and consisted of 1380 individuals over 65 years of age. Participants completed the Kihon checklist, which is widely used to assess frailty in Japan, and their physical, cognitive and social function was evaluated. Non‐hierarchical cluster analysis was used to statistically categorize frailty. The optimum number of clusters was determined as the point at which the external reference values (instrumental activity of daily living score, grip power, 10‐m walk time, body mass index, portable fall risk index, occlusal force and Mini‐Mental State Examination score) differed.ResultsAccording to the Kihon checklist, 369 (26.7%) of the 1380 study participants were considered frail. When the cluster number was increased from two to six, the scores in each subdomain of the Kihon checklist significantly differed. The estimated minimum number of clusters was five, and each of the five cluster groups had distinct characteristics. The numbers of participants in cluster groups 1–5 were 105, 78, 62, 71 and 53, respectively.ConclusionsWe identified five types of frailty in community‐dwelling older adults in Japan: “experience of falling,” “pre‐frailty,” “oral frailty,” “housebound” and “severe frailty.” Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 69–77.
Social isolation and risk for malnutrition among older people
Authors: Boulos Christa , Salameh Pascale , Barberger‐Gateau Pascale 
Published: January 2016

AimSocial isolation and loneliness are emerging issues among the geriatric population. The relationships between both, and their impact on health and nutritional status in older people are complex. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between three components of social isolation: social network, feeling of loneliness, commensality and nutritional status.MethodsA total of 1200 randomly selected elderly individuals aged ≥65 years and living in rural areas of Lebanon participated in the present study. Data were collected during a face‐to‐face interview including nutritional status (Mini‐Nutritional Assessment), measures of social isolation (Lubben Social Network Scale), subjective loneliness (Jong‐Gierveld Loneliness Scale), sociodemographic conditions, and health and functional status.ResultsBoth social isolation and loneliness were independently associated with a higher risk of malnutrition (OR 1.58, P = 0.011; OR 1.15, P = 0.020, respectively). However no association was found between the frequency of sharing meals and the risk of malnutrition.ConclusionsThe present study showed that social isolation and subjective loneliness are two independent risk factors for malnutrition among older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 286–294.
Migraine Variants or Episodic Syndromes That May Be Associated With Migraine and Other Unusual Pediatric Headache Syndromes
Authors: Rothner A. David , Parikh Sumit 
Published: January 2016

PurposeTo provide an overview of the clinical course for children and adolescents with migraine variants (M.V.), childhood periodic syndromes or the episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine using the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd Edition Beta version [ICHD‐3] International Headache Society criteria for the diagnosis of each disorder.MethodMigraine is a complex set of neurological symptoms. This review encompasses the subtypes of M.V. or episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine within the children and adolescent population.ConclusionThe episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine or migraine variant is multilayered neurological disorder in young children and adolescents. Within the these generally pediatric syndromes there are associated disorders described in this review, to provide a clinical overview and including the less common forms of migraine, such as acute confusional migraine, trauma‐triggered migraine, and transient global amnesia.
Evaluation of the stability of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 during processing and storage of functional foods
Authors: Majeed Muhammed , Majeed Shaheen , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Natarajan Sankaran , Sivakumar Arumugam , Ali Furqan 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe study was aimed to find out the stability of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 in functional foods during processing and storage. B. coagulans MTCC 5856 was found to be stable during baking and storage at frozen conditions of banana muffins (92% viability) and waffles (86% viability) upto 12 months. After brewing coffee at 90 °C for 2 min, there was 87% viability and retained 66% viability even after maintaining temperature at 77 °C for 4.0 h. It showed over 95% viability in chocolate fudge frosting, hot fudge toppings, peanut butter, strawberry preserve and vegetable oil at room temperature upto 12 months. It was found to be stable in apple juice upto 6 months at refrigerated condition and concentrated glucose syrup at 4 ± 3 and 25 ± 2 °C upto 24 months. B. coagulans MTCC 5856 showed promising stability during processing and storage of functional foods and could be an excellent probiotic ingredient to use in various food applications.
Effect of intimate partner violence on health of women of Palestinian origin
Authors: Al‐Modallal Hanan 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundIntimate partner violence is a problem in women who are refugees but the relationship of this violence to physical health has not been studied well.AimTo identify significant associations between physical health problems and partner violence by type in refugee women.MethodsFor this cross‐sectional study, data were collected from a convenience sample of 238 women attending healthcare centres of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) in three Jordanian cities (Amman, Irbid and Zarqa).ResultsVictims of violence reported different health problems. However, rates of health problems were higher among victims of psychological partner violence and more health problems had significant associations with psychological violence when compared to physical and sexual partner violence. Furthermore, women's self‐rated health status was only significantly associated with psychological partner violence but not with the other types of partner violence.ConclusionVulnerability to partner violence is related to life stressors women may encounter. Physical health is a fundamental target for psychological partner violence; evidenced by the resultant wide range of health problems in victims. This association occurs although psychological violence is not associated with health trauma/injury that physical and sexual partner violence usually generate. This conclusion highlights one aspect of the associated harm of psychological partner violence in victims' lives.Implications for nursing and health policyEmpowerment of women socially, economically and psychologically, in collaboration with related community parties, should be an adopted international health policy by the governments. Screening policy for partner violence should be integrated with health and nursing services. Nurses are in a position to facilitate the implementation of health policy. Their role include helping women identify resources of help, develop required skills necessary for dealing with violence and identify their social support network.LimitationsSocial desirability and use of convenience sampling are major limitations of the study.
The European Union Legislature as an Agent of the European Court of Justice
Authors: Davies Gareth 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe European Union is unique among jurisdictions in having constitutionalized its policy goals and methods, by embedding these in the Treaties. As a result, the legislature is far more constrained in its activities than is the case in other constitutional orders. Yet the Treaties are indeterminate, and it is the Court of Justice which interprets and delimits them, and instructs the legislature on how and to what extent it may pursue them. There is, in substance, a principal–agent relationship between the Court and the EU legislature, enforceable by the Court's capacity to annul legislation contrary to its preferences. An examination of internal market legislation shows that indeed it consists of codification of prior case law. The judicial constraints on the EU legislature are sufficiently tight that the legislature is more akin to a subordinate implementing regulator than to an autonomous political policy‐maker.
Commentary: One way attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder can be life threatening? A travelogue on Nikolas et al. (2016)
Authors: Barkley Russell A. 
Published: January 2016

I provide a brief commentary on the brilliant accompanying study of Nikolas et al. concerning risky bicyclist‐automobile behavior in ADHD and typical youth. The sophistication of the simulator and procedures and the number and precision of measurements are remarkable and afford us an excellent glimpse into the specific mechanisms by which previously documented injury risk in such natural settings may be increased by ADHD in youth. I also briefly note clinically important implications of these and other research results on accident risk in ADHD.
Extraction of Onion (Allium Cepa) Essential Oil by Polystyrene Nanofibrous Membranes
Authors: Chu Lan‐Ling , Kang Xue‐Jun , Wang Yu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRecently, there has been an increasing interest in the extraction of essential oils. In this article, polystyrene (PS) nanofibrous membranes (NFM) produced by electrospinning were applied as the extraction medium to extract onion essential oil. The NFM exhibited good compactness and adsorption/desorption. About 2 L of onion juice was completely passed through 500 mg PS NFM round plates of 10 cm diameters, then NFM sheet was spin‐dried 5 min at 4,500 rpm and eluted by 50 mL of 100% ethanol. The eluant was distilled at 55°C and an amber oily liquid was obtained. A total of 37 compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry from onion essential oil, and the most representative compounds were organosulfur‐containing compounds. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of the essential oil were investigated and the oil showed antioxidant activities in ABTS assay (0.67 mg/mL as IC50 value), DPPH test (IC50 value = 0.70 mg/mL), metal chelating assay (IC50 value of 0.54 mg/mL) and
assay (0.95 mg/mL as IC50 value), and the reducing power of the oil was dose‐dependent. This work firstly demonstrated the potential of NFM as extraction medium for the extraction of essential oils and the significance of relevant research work.Practical ApplicationsOver the last decades, lots of research work has been done on the extraction processes of essential oil and possible industrial applications. Recently, electrospun nanofibers have the potential to serve as a good sorbent material for solid phase extraction. In this research, NFM produced by electrospinning were applied as the extraction medium to extract onion essential oil. The results of this study clearly showed that the extraction process of essential oil by NFM was feasible. Amber onion essential oil by PS NFM treatments was obtained and rich in organosulfur‐containing compounds and possessed moderate antioxidant activity via antioxidant tests in vitro and has great potential for application as a natural antioxidant agent.