bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Intervention for Adolescents with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Project Step Up, a Treatment Development Study
Authors: O'Connor Mary J. , Quattlebaum Justin , Castañeda Marleen , Dipple Katrina M. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundProject Step Up proposed to reduce alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related negative outcomes in adolescents with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).MethodsThe 54 participants (30 females, 24 males) were assigned to either Project Step Up Intervention (SUI) or Control conditions and were assessed prior to intervention, immediately following intervention, and at 3‐month follow‐up. Adolescents in the SUI condition participated in a 6‐week, 60‐minute group intervention that provided alcohol education and promoted adaptive responses to alcohol‐related social pressures. Caregivers attended concurrent but separate sessions on the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the brain and how to handle parenting challenges associated with alcohol use in teens with FASD.ResultsThirty‐three percent (n = 18) of adolescents were classified as light/moderate drinkers, and 67% (n = 36) were abstinent/infrequent drinkers based on their lifetime drinking histories. Results revealed a significant decrease in self‐reported alcohol risk and in alcohol‐related negative behaviors (Cohen's d = 1.08 and 0.99) in light/moderate drinkers in the SUI compared to the Control group. These results were partially sustained at 3‐month follow‐up. Furthermore, adolescents in the abstinent/infrequent group exhibited no increase in alcohol‐related outcomes suggesting that the group intervention used in this study was not iatrogenic.ConclusionsThe success of this treatment development study provides preliminary support for effective treatment of adolescents with FASD to prevent or reduce alcohol use and its negative consequences in this high risk population.
Buprenorphine compared with methadone to treat pregnant women with opioid use disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of safety in the mother, fetus and child
Authors: Zedler Barbara K. , Mann Ashley L. , Kim Mimi M. , Amick Halle R. , Joyce Andrew R. , Murrelle E. Lenn , Jones Hendrée E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsTo assess the safety of buprenorphine compared with methadone to treat pregnant women with opioid use disorder.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library from inception to February 2015 for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational cohort studies (OBS) that compared buprenorphine with methadone for treating opioid‐dependent pregnant women. Two reviewers assessed independently the titles and abstracts of all search results and full texts of potentially eligible studies reporting original data for maternal/fetal/infant death, preterm birth, fetal growth outcomes, fetal/congenital anomalies, fetal/child neurodevelopment and/or maternal adverse events. We ascertained each study's risk of bias using validated instruments and assessed the strength of evidence for each outcome using established methods. We computed effect sizes using random‐effects models for each outcome with two or more studies.ResultsThree RCTs (n = 223) and 15 cohort OBSs (n = 1923) met inclusion criteria. In meta‐analyses using unadjusted data and methadone as comparator, buprenorphine was associated with lower risk of preterm birth [RCT risk ratio (RR) = 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.18, 0.91; OBS RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.50, 0.90], greater birth weight [RCT weighted mean difference (WMD) = 277 g, 95% CI = 104, 450; OBS WMD = 265 g, 95% CI = 196, 335] and larger head circumference [RCT WMD = 0.90 cm, 95% CI = 0.14, 1.66; OBS WMD = 0.68 cm, 95% CI = 0.41, 0.94]. No treatment differences were observed for spontaneous fetal death, fetal/congenital anomalies and other fetal growth measures, although the power to detect such differences may be inadequate due to small sample sizes.ConclusionsModerately strong evidence indicates lower risk of preterm birth, greater birth weight and larger head circumference with buprenorphine treatment of maternal opioid use disorder during pregnancy compared with methadone treatment, and no greater harms.
Laparoscopic repeat hepatectomy after right hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Igami Tsuyoshi , Komaya Kenichi , Hirose Tomoaki , Ebata Tomoki , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Sugawara Gen , Mizuno Takashi , Yamaguchi Junpei , Nagino Masato 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough laparoscopic hepatectomy is widely accepted for primary hepatectomy, the clinical value of laparoscopic hepatectomy for repeat hepatectomy is still challenging. We herein describe our experience with laparoscopic repeat hepatectomy after right hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy. A 72‐year‐old woman who had undergone right hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma 31 months prior was diagnosed with liver metastasis in segment 3. We performed laparoscopic repeat hepatectomy. Because mild adhesions in the left side of the abdominal cavity were detected by laparoscopy, the planned procedure was accomplished. The operative time and intraoperative blood loss were 139 min and less than 1 mL, respectively. The patient was discharged at 6 days after surgery and was healthy with no evidence of recurrence at 21 months after laparoscopic repeat hepatectomy. Laparoscopic repeat hepatectomy is a suitable and safe procedure for minor hepatectomy, provided that careful technique is used after the working space is secured under pneumoperitoneum.
Palmitoylethanolamide for the treatment of pain: pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy
Authors: Gabrielsson Linda , Mattsson Sofia , Fowler Christopher J. 
Published: May 2016

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has been suggested to have useful analgesic properties and to be devoid of unwanted effects. Here, we have examined critically this contention, and discussed available data concerning the pharmacokinetics of PEA and its formulation. Sixteen clinical trials, six case reports/pilot studies and a meta‐analysis of PEA as an analgesic have been published in the literature. For treatment times up to 49 days, the current clinical data argue against serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) at an incidence of 1/200 or greater. For treatment lasting more than 60 days, the number of patients is insufficient to rule out a frequency of ADRs of less than 1/100. The six published randomized clinical trials are of variable quality. Presentation of data without information on data spread and nonreporting of data at times other than the final measurement were among issues that were identified. Further, there are no head‐to‐head clinical comparisons of unmicronized vs. micronized formulations of PEA, and so evidence for superiority of one formulation over the other is currently lacking. Nevertheless, the available clinical data support the contention that PEA has analgesic actions and motivate further study of this compound, particularly with respect to head‐to‐head comparisons of unmicronized vs. micronized formulations of PEA and comparisons with currently recommended treatments.
Coordinating a Supply Chain When Facing Strategic Consumers
Authors: Li Tian , Yu Man 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis article examines the impact of strategic consumers on the efficiency and coordination of a supply chain. We consider a supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a newsvendor retailer selling a seasonal product to strategic consumers, who may choose to wait for clearance sales to maximize their intertemporal utility. Under a prenegotiated supply contract, the retailer chooses retail price and ordering quantity simultaneously. After that, the strategic consumers, who may be heterogeneous in their patience levels, make purchasing decisions. We find that strategic consumer behavior can hurt the supply chain efficiency due to severe double marginalization, and that a simple buyback contract can coordinate the supply chain. Nevertheless, we show that the supply chain does become more difficult to coordinate when strategic consumers are present: the set of buyback contractual terms that coordinate the chain shrinks as consumers are more willing to wait, and the chain profit cannot be arbitrarily allocated between the firms. Contrary to popular intuition, this result implies that the retailer may enjoy some benefit from consumers' strategic waiting. In addition, we find that the retailer's gain is the highest when impatient and patient consumers are comparably mixed in the population.
Historical soil amendment with charcoal increases sequestration of non‐charcoal carbon: a comparison among methods of black carbon quantification
Authors: Kerré B. , Bravo C. T. , Leifeld J. , Cornelissen G. , Smolders E. 
Published: May 2016

We have shown previously that soil with historical (> 150 years) applications of charcoal had larger recent (C4‐maize derived) carbon content than adjacent soil; however, we could not determine whether there was an effect on older, C3‐plant‐derived, soil organic carbon (SOC). Therefore, we assessed the effect of historical additions of charcoal on the sequestration of recent and older SOC with a combination of δ13C analysis and different quantification techniques for black carbon (BC): dichromate oxidation (Cr2O7), chemo‐thermal oxidation (CTO‐285) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Topsoils cropped with maize (Zea mays) under former charcoal production sites (N = 12) were identified in the field as black spots and had a larger (3.5%, P < 0.05) percentage of organic carbon (OC) contents than adjacent soil outside these spots (2.0%). The charcoal content varied with the detection technique used as follows: CTO‐285 > DSC > Cr2O7. Black spots contained 1.6–1.7 times more (P < 0.05) maize‐derived OC content than adjacent soil, irrespective of the BC quantification technique. The content of non‐charcoal OC was 1.0–1.4 times larger in black spots than in adjacent soil, but differences were significant only for the Cr2O7 method. Soil physicochemical fractionation showed that at charcoal production sites more OC was recovered in the particulate organic matter and silt and clay fractions. The δ13C analysis suggested that additional maize‐OC in black spots was in the physically more protected silt and clay fraction. Overall, this study shows that historical charcoal amendment in soil enhances the accumulation of recent maize‐derived OC in a temperate climate without replacing the older C stocks.Highlights
We assessed the effect of historical additions of charcoal on the sequestration of recent and older SOC.
Black spots contained 1.6–1.7 times more (P < 0.05) maize‐derived OC content than adjacent soil.
Additional maize‐OC in black spots was in the physically more protected silt and clay fraction.
Historical charcoal amendment in soil enhances the accumulation of recent maize‐derived OC.
Contribution of pulses of soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification to soil nitrogen availability in three Mediterranean forests
Authors: Lupon A. , Sabater F. , Miñarro A. , Bernal S. 
Published: May 2016

Pulses of microbial nitrogen (N) supply often occur during storms in Mediterranean regions, but their contribution to soil N availability and catchment N exports is still unknown. We investigated patterns and controls of pulses of net N mineralization (NNM) and nitrification (NN) at three forest sites (riparian, evergreen oak and beech) that coexist within a Mediterranean headwater catchment. In addition, we examined the effect of these pulses on soil N availability and stream N loads. For a year, we measuredNNM,NN, precipitation, moisture and temperature within each forest site. MeanNNMandNNrates varied widely among forest sites (NNM= 1.35, 0.62 and 0.50 µg N g soil−1day−1;NN= 1.18, 0.24 and 0.07 µg N g soil−1day−1for riparian, oak and beech, respectively). In general, pulses ofNNMandNNoccurred in spring, immediately after large rain events (> 20 mm). High soil temperatures (> 16°C) promoted microbial pulses in summer at the riparian site, but there were no pulses ofNNat the beech site. Although pulses of microbial activity were infrequent, they could account for account for 21–35% of the annual rates of the annual rates ofNNMandNN. However,NNpulses only at the riparian site led to disproportional increases in soil N availability and stream N loads. These results suggest that upland Mediterranean forests are sinks of N even after storms, whereas riparian soil can be a critical source of nitrate for the stream. Our study emphasizes the relevance of intensive monitoring in to evaluate the effect of microbial pulses on soil N biogeochemistry in Mediterranean catchments.HighlightsWe investigated the contribution of microbial pulses to soil N availability at three forest sitesMicrobial pulses occurred after rewetting in spring and also in summer at the riparian siteMicrobial pulses contributed > 20% of annual rates of mineralization and nitrificationRiparian soil can be a source of N for Mediterranean streams, especially after nitrification pulses
Perceived Spousal Religiosity and Marital Quality Across Racial and Ethnic Groups
Authors: Perry Samuel L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe relationship between the perceived religiosity of one's spouse and marital quality varies across racial and ethnic groups (i.e., Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, and non‐Hispanic Whites) in the United States. In this study, data were drawn from a nationally representative sample of married Americans (N = 1,162). Although perceived spousal religiosity predicted higher marital quality across all racial and ethnic groups, this effect was stronger for Asians, Blacks, and Hispanics than for Whites. Compared to Whites, the 3 racial and ethnic minority groups experienced a larger boost in frequency of expressive forms of love as perceived spousal religiosity increased. This effect was also found regarding marital satisfaction for Asians and Blacks relative to Whites, but not for Hispanics. Moreover, although racial and ethnic minorities tended to report lower marital quality than Whites at low levels of perceived spousal religiosity, their marital quality tended to be higher than Whites at high levels of perceived spousal religiosity. Three‐way interactions indicated that these trends hold regardless of gender.
Grazing and fertilization influence plant species richness via direct and indirect pathways in an alpine meadow of the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li J. , Zhang C. , Yang Z. , Guo H. , Zhou X. , Du G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGrazing and fertilization influence plant species richness through multiple pathways, but the exact pathways and their relative contributions are unclear. Here, we report on a 3‐year field experiment on an alpine meadow in which we manipulated grazing and fertilization simultaneously to assess their direct and indirect effects on plant species richness. Results indicated that both grazing and fertilization significantly influenced plant species richness via above‐ and belowground pathways. Specifically, the direct effect of grazing (−0·30, effect size) on species richness was negative, mainly due to selective feeding. This was comparable, in magnitude, to a positive indirect effect of grazing (0·36) on species richness, due to decreased aboveground biomass and increased belowground biomass. The direct effect of fertilization (−0·34) on species richness was negative, which was attributed to the changes of soil pH and available nitrogen; this effect was double the indirect effect (−0·16), which largely stemmed from the increased aboveground biomass rather than changes in belowground biomass. No significant interaction of grazing and fertilization on species richness was observed, but the effect of fertilization on species richness was masked by the effect of grazing in the combined treatment. It was concluded that moderate nitrogen addition (<51·0 kg N ha−1 year−1) could increase local pasture productivity while also sustaining species richness stability.
Clinical guidelines for interstitial cystitis and hypersensitive bladder updated in 2015
Authors: Homma Yukio , Ueda Tomohiro , Tomoe Hikaru , Lin Alex TL , Kuo Hann‐Chorng , Lee Ming‐Huei , Oh Seung‐June , Kim Joon Chul , Lee Kyu‐Sung 
Published: May 2016

AbstractClinical guidelines for interstitial cystitis and hypersensitive bladder have been updated as of 2015. The guidelines define interstitial cystitis by the presence of hypersensitive bladder symptoms (discomfort, pressure or pain in the bladder usually associated with urinary frequency and nocturia) and bladder pathology, after excluding other diseases explaining symptoms. Interstitial cystitis is further classified by bladder pathology; either Hunner type interstitial cystitis with Hunner lesions or non‐Hunner type interstitial cystitis with mucosal bleeding after distension in the absence of Hunner lesions. Hypersensitive bladder refers to a condition, where hypersensitive bladder symptoms are present, but bladder pathology or other explainable diseases are unproven. Interstitial cystitis and hypersensitive bladder severely affect patients' quality of life as a result of disabling symptoms and/or comorbidities. Reported prevalence suggestive of these disorders varies greatly from 0.01% to >6%. Pathophysiology would be an interaction of multiple factors including urothelial dysfunction, inflammation, neural hyperactivity, exogenous substances and extrabladder disorders. Definite diagnosis of interstitial cystitis and hypersensitive bladder requires cystoscopy with or without hydrodistension. Most of the therapeutic options lack a high level of evidence, leaving a few as recommended therapeutic options.
Polish nurses' perceived barriers in using evidence‐based practice in pain management
Authors: Mędrzycka‐Dąbrowska W. , Dąbrowski S. , Gutysz‐Wojnicka A. , Basiński A. 
Published: May 2016

AimThe aim of this work was to present current practices, perceived barriers and perceived facilitators of Polish nurses in using EBP in the assessment and management of acute pain during the postoperative period in elderly patients.BackgroundAdvances in the study of pain and the methods for its relief since the late 1980s have led to a rise in the role of the nurse in pain management and monitoring.IntroductionThe application of evidence‐based practice associated with acute pain is on the increase in the world at large.MethodsEleven hospitals participated in this study. The project involved 1300 nurses working on surgical hospital wards. In this study, case study research and qualitative content analysis were used. The study was conducted using a dedicated questionnaire.ResultsAccess to journals on evidence‐based practice on the assessment and management of pain in elderly patients was assessed as less important by the respondents. Knowledge drawn from the media, scientific and medical journals was assessed by the respondents as unsatisfactory. The greatest barrier to nurses was the fact that scientific articles were published in English.ConclusionNurses' awareness of evidence‐based practice increases with their education. Among the key problems are the lack of available professional publications in Polish literature, ignorance of English, shortage of time and lack of support from chief physicians of the ward.Implications for nursing and health policyThere is a need for the introduction of innovative strategies of teaching and approaches to the problem of evidence‐based practice in approach to pain management in elder people among the Polish nurses. It is necessary to promote these issues in Polish scientific literature.
Quantitative systematic review of the effects of non‐pharmacological interventions on reducing apathy in persons with dementia
Authors: Goris Emilie Dykstra , Ansel Katherine N. , Schutte Debra L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo review the quantitative evidence concerning the effects of non‐pharmacological interventions on reducing apathy in persons with dementia.BackgroundApathy, a prevalent behavioural symptom among persons with Alzheimer Disease, is defined as a disorder of motivation with deficits in behavioural, emotional and cognitive domains and is associated with serious social and physical obstacles. Non‐pharmacological interventions show promise as symptom control modalities among persons with dementia.DesignQuantitative systematic review.Data sourcesCINAHL, PubMed, PSYCHinfo and Cochrane Trials databases were searched for published English language research inclusive through December 2014, with no early year limiters set.Review methodsComprehensive searches yielded 16 international randomized controlled trials or quasi‐experimental studies based on inclusion criteria and a rigorous quality appraisal process.ResultsA narrative summary analysis revealed that non‐pharmacological interventions for apathy varied substantially and lacked specificity, conceptual clarity and were methodologically heterogeneous. Select interventions demonstrated effectiveness, but lacked systematic long‐term follow‐up. Limitations include publication bias and lack of a meta‐analytic approach due to the methodological heterogeneity of included studies.ConclusionStudy results demonstrate promise for the use of non‐pharmacological interventions, particularly music‐based interventions, in reducing apathy levels in individuals with dementia. Intervening to reduce apathy may have a positive clinical impact and healthcare providers should be encouraged to incorporate positive sources of interest and intellectual stimulation into care. However, future research is needed to examine the aetiologic mechanism and predictors of apathy, to improve evidence‐based interventions and specificity and to optimize dosage and timing of non‐pharmacological interventions across the disease trajectory.
Symptom trajectory and symptom burden in older people with multimorbidity, secondary outcome from the RCT AGe‐FIT study
Authors: Eckerblad Jeanette , Theander Kersti , Ekdahl Anne W. , Jaarsma Tiny 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to follow the symptom trajectory of community‐dwelling older people with multimorbidity and to explore the effect on symptom burden from an ambulatory geriatric care unit, based on comprehensive geriatric assessment.BackgroundOlder community‐dwelling people with multimorbidity suffer from a high symptom burden with a wide range of co‐occurring symptoms often resulting to decreased health‐related quality of life. There is a need to move from a single‐disease model and address the complexity of older people living with multimorbidity.DesignSecondary outcome data from the randomized controlled Ambulatory Geriatric Assessment Frailty Intervention Trial (AGe‐FIT).MethodsSymptom trajectory of 31 symptoms was assessed with the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. Data from 247 participants were assessments at baseline, 12 and 24 months, 2011–2013. Participants in the intervention group received care from an ambulatory geriatric care unit based on comprehensive geriatric assessment in addition to usual care.ResultsSymptom prevalence and symptom burden were high and stayed high over time. Pain was the symptom with the highest prevalence and burden. Over the 2‐year period 68–81% of the participants reported pain. Other highly prevalent and persistent symptoms were dry mouth, lack of energy and numbness/tingling in the hands/feet, affecting 38–59% of participants. No differences were found between the intervention and control group regarding prevalence, burden or trajectory of symptoms.ConclusionsOlder community‐dwelling people with multimorbidity had a persistent high burden of symptoms. Receiving advanced interdisciplinary care at an ambulatory geriatric unit did not significantly reduce the prevalence or the burden of symptoms.