bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial and ethnic differences in patient navigation: Results from the Patient Navigation Research Program
Authors: Ko Naomi Y. , Snyder Frederick R. , Raich Peter C. , Paskett Electra D. , Dudley Donald J. , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Levine Paul H. , Freund Karen M. 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDPatient navigation was developed to address barriers to timely care and reduce cancer disparities. The current study explored navigation and racial and ethnic differences in time to the diagnostic resolution of a cancer screening abnormality.METHODSThe authors conducted an analysis of the multisite Patient Navigation Research Program. Participants with an abnormal cancer screening test were allocated to either navigation or control. The unadjusted median time to resolution was calculated for each racial and ethnic group by navigation and control. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fit, adjusting for sex, age, cancer abnormality type, and health insurance and stratifying by center of care.RESULTSAmong a sample of 7514 participants, 29% were non‐Hispanic white, 43% were Hispanic, and 28% were black. In the control group, black individuals were found to have a longer median time to diagnostic resolution (108 days) compared with non‐Hispanic white individuals (65 days) or Hispanic individuals (68 days) (P<.0001). In the navigated groups, black individuals had a reduction in the median time to diagnostic resolution (97 days) (P<.0001). In the multivariable models, among controls, black race was found to be associated with an increased delay to diagnostic resolution (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.69‐0.84) compared with non‐Hispanic white individuals, which was reduced in the navigated arm (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.77‐0.94).CONCLUSIONSPatient navigation appears to have the greatest impact among black patients, who had the greatest delays in care. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2715–2722. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Synthesis of 2‐Butanol by Selective Hydrogenolysis of 1,4‐Anhydroerythritol over Molybdenum Oxide‐Modified Rhodium‐Supported Silica
Authors: Arai Takahiro , Tamura Masazumi , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Tomishige Keiichi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRh‐MoOx/SiO2 (Mo/Rh=0.13) is an effective catalyst for the hydrogenolysis of 1,4‐anhydroerythritol (1,4‐AHERY) and provides 2‐BuOH in high yield of 51 %. This is the first report of the production of 2‐BuOH from 1,4‐AHERY by hydrogenolysis. 1,4‐AHERY was more suitable as a starting material than erythritol because the 2‐BuOH yield from erythritol was low (34 %). Based on the kinetics and comparison of reactivities of the related compounds using Rh‐MoOx/SiO2 and Rh/SiO2 catalysts, the modification of Rh/SiO2 with MoOx leads to the high activity and high selectivity to 2‐BuOH because of the generation of reactive hydride species and the strong adsorption of 1,4‐AHERY on MoOx species. The reaction proceeds by main two routes, (I) the combination of single C−O hydrogenolysis with the desorption of intermediates, a usual route in hydrogenolysis, and (II) multiple C−O hydrogenolysis without the desorption of intermediates from the active site, and the reaction mechanism for Route (II) is proposed.
The Sodium–Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide Electrochemical Cell
Authors: Xu Shaomao , Wei Shuya , Wang Hongsen , Abruña Hector D. , Archer Lynden A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractElectrochemical cells that utilize metals in the anode and an ambient gas as the active material in the cathode blur the lines between fuel cells and batteries. Such cells are under active consideration worldwide because they are considered among the most promising energy storage platforms for electrified transportation. Li–air batteries are among the most actively investigated cells in this class, but long‐term challenges, such as CO2 contamination of the cathode gas and electrolyte decomposition, are associated with loss of rechargeability owing to metal carbonate formation in the cathode. Remediation of the first of these problems adds significant infrastructure burdens to the Li–air cell that bring into question its commercial viability. Several recent studies offer contradictory evidence, namely, that the presence of substantial fractions of CO2 in the cathode gas stream can have significant benefits, including increasing the already high specific energy of a Li–O2 cell by as much as 200 %. In this report, we consider electrochemical processes in model Na–O2/CO2 cells and find that, provided the electrode/electrolyte interfaces are electrochemically stable, such cells are able to deliver both exceptional energy storage capacity and stable long‐term charge–discharge cycling behaviors at room temperature.
Shaking table testing for masonry infill walls: unreinforced versus reinforced solutions
Authors: Lourenço Paulo B. , Leite João M. , Paulo‐Pereira Manuel F. , Campos‐Costa A. , Candeias P. X. , Mendes Nuno 
Published: May 2016

SummarySeveral factors influence the behaviour of infilled frames, which have been a subject of research in the past with moderate success. The new generation of European design standards imposes the need to prevent brittle collapse of the infills and makes the structural engineer accountable for this requirement, yet it fails to provide sufficient information for masonry infills design. Therefore, the present work aims at understanding the seismic behaviour of masonry infill walls within reinforced concrete frames, using both unreinforced and reinforced solutions (bed joint reinforcement and reinforced plaster). For this purpose, three reinforced concrete buildings with different infill solutions were constructed at a scale of 1:1.5, all with the same geometry, and were tested on the shaking table of the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Portugal. All solutions performed adequately for the design earthquake, with no visible damage. Still, the experimental tests show that the double‐leaf‐unreinforced infill walls underperformed during a large earthquake, collapsing out of plane by rotating as rigid bodies with multiple configurations. Also the reinforced concrete buildings collapsed, because of the adverse interaction with the infill walls. The infill walls with bed joint reinforcement and reinforced plaster did not collapse out of plane, because of their connection to the concrete frame, which is an essential requirement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A macro‐model with nonlinear springs for seismic analysis of URM buildings
Authors: Rinaldin Giovanni , Amadio Claudio , Macorini Lorenzo 
Published: May 2016

SummarySeismic assessment of existing unreinforced masonry buildings represents a current challenge in structural engineering. Many historical masonry buildings in earthquake regions were not designed to withstand seismic loading; thus, these structures often do not meet the basic safety requirements recommended by current seismic codes and need to be strengthened considering the results from realistic structural analysis. This paper presents an efficient modelling strategy for representing the nonlinear response of unreinforced masonry components under in‐plane cyclic loading, which can be used for practical and accurate seismic assessment of masonry buildings. According to the proposed strategy, generic masonry perforated walls are modelled using an equivalent frame approach, where each masonry component is described utilising multi‐spring nonlinear elements connected by rigid links. When modelling piers and spandrels, nonlinear springs are placed at the two ends of the masonry element for describing the flexural behaviour and in the middle for representing the response in shear. Specific hysteretic rules allowing for degradation of stiffness and strength are then used for modelling the member response under cyclic loading. The accuracy and the significant potential of the proposed modelling approach are shown in several numerical examples, including comparisons against experimental results and the nonlinear dynamic analysis of a building structure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal changes in the sediment flux on steep hillslopes in a humid diurnal frost environment
Authors: Imaizumi Fumitoshi , Suzuki Osamu , Togari‐Ohta Asako 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMountain hillslopes are generally shaped by a combination of various types of sediment transport processes (e.g. surface erosion, soil creep, and dry ravel), which can occur simultaneously in the same area. Since sediment transport is generally affected by multiple microclimatic factors, such as heavy rainfall and changes in ground temperature, the types of predominant sediment transport processes vary by season. We conducted field observations in the southern Japanese Alps in the period from 2009 to 2013, using sediment traps and time lapse cameras, to investigate the seasonal changes in the type and flux of hillslope sediment transport on steep mountains in which both rainfall and diurnal freeze–thaw triggered sediment transport. In winter and early spring, sediment transport via diurnal freeze–thaw (soil creep and dry ravel) was highly active, whereas rainfall‐induced soil creep and selective transport by overland flow were active in summer and autumn when precipitation is abundant (average sediment flux of 0.033 and 0.074 kg m−1 day−1, respectively). Sediment flux was spatially variable and was affected by the form of the slope; sediment flux on the concave slope was higher than on the ridge‐shaped slope during both freeze–thaw and rainfall periods. Sediment flux on an old landslide exceeded that in second‐growth forest regardless of the slope shape. Temporal changes in the sediment flux were not completely synchronized among monitoring plots and were affected by slope shape, grain size, and episodic sediment supply events such as release of sediment from woody debris. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of pumice aggregate concretes at elevated temperatures and comparison with ANN models
Authors: Türkmen İbrahim , Bingöl A. Ferhat , Tortum Ahmet , Demirboğa Ramazan , Gül Rüstem 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of concretes including pumice aggregate (PA) exposed to elevated temperature were analyzed by thermal conductivity, compressive strength, flexure strength, dynamic elasticity modulus (DEM) and dry unit weight tests. PA concrete specimens were cast by replacing a varying part of the normal aggregate (0–2 mm) with the PA. All concrete samples were prepared and cured at 23 ± 10C lime saturated water for 28 days. Compressive strength of concretes including PA decreased that reductions were 14, 19, 25 and 34% for 25, 50, 75 and 100% PA, respectively. The maximum thermal conductivity of 1.9382 W/mK was observed with the control samples containing normal aggregate. The tests were carried out by subjecting the samples to a temperature of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 500, 600 and 700 °C for 3 h, then cooling by air cooling or in water method. The results indicated that all concretes exposed to a temperature of 500 and 700 °C occurred a significant decrease in thermal conductivity, compressive strength, flexure strength and DEM. An artificial neural network (ANN) approach was used to model the thermal and mechanical properties of PA concretes. The predicted values of the ANN were in accordance with the experimental data. The results indicate that the model can predict the concrete properties after elevated temperatures with adequate accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stem/progenitor cells in liver regeneration
Authors: Itoh Tohru 
Published: May 2016

In severely or chronically injured livers where the proliferative capacity of hepatocytes is compromised, putative stem/progenitor cells are supposed to be activated. These cells are generally characterized as biliary epithelial cell marker‐positive cells that emerge ectopically in the parenchymal region of the liver, as determined by histopathological examination of various liver diseases in humans and animal models. Whereas the biliary system indeed harbors cells with stem/progenitor activity that can be defined ex vivo, genetic lineage tracing studies in mice have casted doubt on their exact contribution as the genuine stem/progenitor cell population that differentiates in situ into hepatocytes. Here, I briefly review recent advances in the characterization and certification of the stem/progenitor cells in the adult liver and discuss the ongoing and future challenges to further our understanding of the cellular basis of liver regeneration. (Hepatology 2016;64:663‐668)
Roughness gradients on zirconia for rapid screening of cell‐surface interactions: Fabrication, characterization and application
Authors: Flamant Quentin , Stanciuc Ana‐Maria , Pavailler Hugo , Sprecher Christoph Martin , Alini Mauro , Peroglio Marianna , Anglada Marc 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRoughness is one of the key parameters for successful osseointegration of dental implants. The understanding of how roughness affects cell response is thus crucial to improve implant performance. Surface gradients, which allow rapid and systematic investigations of cell‐surface interactions, have the potential to facilitate this task. In this study, a novel method aiming to produce roughness gradients at the surface of zirconia using hydrofluoric acid etching was implemented. The topography was exhaustively characterized at the microscale and nanoscale by white light interferometry and atomic force microscopy, including the analysis of amplitude, spatial, hybrid, functional, and fractal parameters. A rapid screening of the influence of roughness on human mesenchymal stem cell morphology was conducted and potential correlations between roughness parameters and cell morphology were investigated. The roughness gradient induced significant changes in cell area (p < 0.001), aspect ratio (p = 0.01), and solidity (p = 0.026). Nanoroughness parameters were linearly correlated to cell solidity (p < 0.005), while microroughness parameters appeared nonlinearly correlated to cell area, highlighting the importance of multiscale optimization of implant topography to induce the desired cell response. The gradient method proposed here drastically reduces the efforts and resources necessary to study cell‐surface interactions and provides results directly transferable to industry. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2502–2514, 2016.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Omarigliptin, a Once‐Weekly Dipeptidyl Peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) Inhibitor, After Single and Multiple Doses in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Krishna Rajesh , Addy Carol , Tatosian Daniel , Glasgow Xiaoli S. , Gendrano III Isaias Noel , Robberechts Martine , Haazen Wouter , de Hoon J.N. , Depré Marleen , Martucci Ashley , Peng Joanna Z. , Johnson‐Levonas Amy O. , Wagner John A. , Stoch S. Aubrey 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of omarigliptin, a novel once‐weekly DPP‐4 inhibitor, were assessed following single and multiple doses in healthy subjects. Absorption was rapid, and food did not influence single‐dose PK. Accumulation was minimal, and steady state was reached after 2 to 3 weeks. Weekly (area under the curve) AUC and Cmax displayed dose proportionality within the dose range studied at steady state. The average renal clearance of omarigliptin was ∼2 L/h. DPP‐4 inhibition ranged from ∼77% to 89% at 168 hours following the last of 3 once‐weekly doses over the dose range studied. Omarigliptin resulted in ∼2‐fold increases in weighted average postprandial active GLP‐1. Omarigliptin acts by stabilizing active GLP‐1, which is consistent with its mechanism of action as a DPP‐4 inhibitor. Administration of omarigliptin was generally well tolerated in healthy subjects, and both the PK and PD profiles support once‐weekly dosing. A model‐based assessment of QTc interval risk from the single ascending dose study predicted a low risk of QTc prolongation within the likely clinical dose range, a finding later confirmed in a thorough QT trial.
Mild cognitive impairment is prevalent in persons with severe obesity
Authors: Rochette Amber D. , Spitznagel Mary Beth , Strain Gladys , Devlin Michael , Crosby Ross D. , Mitchell James E. , Courcoulas Anita , Gunstad John 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThis study examines the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a sample of adults with severe obesity and whether undergoing bariatric surgery reduces the frequency of MCI.MethodsA total of 171 participants with severe obesity (mean age = 43.07 ± 11.21) completed computerized cognitive testing. A subset of participants underwent bariatric surgery as part of the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery project. MCI was operationalized using commonly used criteria to establish prevalence in the overall sample and to examine possible changes after bariatric surgery.ResultsMore than half of the overall sample met criteria for MCI at baseline (53.8%), and MCI was prevalent even in young and middle‐aged adults with severe obesity. Within the subset of participants who underwent bariatric surgery, the prevalence of MCI was reduced by 48.9% at 12‐month follow‐up (from 53.4% to 27.3%).Conclusions: Findings suggest that many individuals with severe obesity meet criteria for MCI and that prevalence rates decline after bariatric surgery. A better understanding of the mechanisms linking severe obesity to adverse neurological outcomes is much needed.
Double‐Gloving Impairs the Quality of Surgical Knot Tying: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Battersby Christopher L. F. , Battersby Nicholas J. , Hollyman Marianne , Hunt John A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundDouble‐gloving is endorsed by a number of healthcare authorities worldwide, on the basis that it promotes patient and surgeon safety; adoption of this practice amongst surgeons remains limited, based upon anecdotal reporting that double‐gloving may compromise surgical technique due to impaired dexterity and sensation. The aim of this study is to formally investigate and demonstrate the effect of double‐gloving upon the quality of knot tying, an essential surgical skill.MethodsAn international cohort of practising general surgeons hand tied surgical knots, under both single‐gloved and double‐gloved conditions, using monofilament and braided sutures, at two different gauges. Half of the participants tied single‐gloved first. The mechanical strength of the knots was determined by tensile testing, and each knot was given a knot quality score (KQS), a validated assessment of knot quality.Results and conclusions1466 knots were tested. Double‐gloving was shown to reduce KQS for all suture types, compared to knots tied under single‐gloved conditions (p = 0.001). There was no difference in the KQS of the double‐gloved ties between those who routinely double‐gloved and those who did not (p = 0.640). The OR showed that double‐gloving reduced the KQS by 24 % overall, with the effect being much more prominent when the finer 4.0 suture was used, as knot quality was reduced by almost 50 % (95 % CI 13–93 %). Double‐gloving impairs the quality of knot tying, and therefore, surgeons should consider other precautions to ensure patient and surgeon safety. These findings also question the validity of recommendations that surgeons should double‐glove as a routine.
The Impact of Angelina Jolie (AJ)'s Story on Genetic Referral and Testing at an Academic Cancer Centre in Canada
Authors: Raphael Jacques , Verma Sunil , Hewitt Paul , Eisen Andrea 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn May 2013, Angelina Jolie revealed to the media that she had undergone preventive double mastectomy after testing positive for a BRCA1 gene mutation. Media coverage has been extensive, but it is not clear how such a personal story affected the public and cancer genetics clinics. We conducted a retrospective review using data from the clinical database of the Familial Cancer Program at our centre. The impact of Ms. Jolie's story on genetic counseling referrals and the appropriateness of such referrals were assessed and reported. The number of women referred for genetic counseling increased by 90 % after 6 months and remained high one year after AJ's story with an increase of 88 % from baseline. The number of women who qualified for genetic testing increased by 105 % after 6 months; this increase persisted but was somewhat lower after one year with an increase of 68 % from baseline. Furthermore the number of BRCA1/2 carriers identified increased by 110 % after 6 months and by 42 % after one year.The effect of Mrs. Jolie's story persisted one year after its release; however in the latter half of the year, the hereditary cancer risk of referred women was significantly lower than initially observed. The next challenge for our health care system will not only be to meet the increased demand for cancer genetic services in our region, but also to ensure that referrals and hence use of genetic counseling resources are appropriate.
Hepatitis C virus treatment update — A new era of all‐oral HCV treatment
Authors: Chayama Kazuaki , Imamura Michio , Hayes C. Nelson 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThere are estimated to be more than a hundred million hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers worldwide. About 30% of carriers develop serious liver diseases, such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV Genotype 1 is the most common genotype worldwide and the most difficult to treat with interferon‐based therapy. Therapy for patients with chronic HCV infection is complicated by poor tolerability and inadequate rates of sustained virological response (SVR). Although the addition of a protease inhibitor in combination with peg‐interferon alpha plus ribavirin improved SVR rates and shortened the treatment period, many patients could not tolerate this therapy because of advanced age and clinical conditions such as anemia and low platelet count. Interferon‐free therapies that combine two or more direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) agents can improve both efficacy and tolerability. Phase III trials of daclatasvir plus asunaprevir, ombitasvir plus parataprevir/r, and sofosbuvir plus ledipasvir all showed high overall SVR rates with few adverse events. However, development of antiviral resistance is a concern with DAA therapies, and it is important to avoid treating patients with existing NS5A Y93H mutations with daclatasvir plus asunaprevir or ombitasvir plus parataprevir/r therapy to prevent viral breakthrough. Fortunately, sofosbuvir plus ledipasvir therapy seems to be less affected by NS5A Y93H variants. An important goal of HCV therapy is to expand treatment to all patients. The current study aims to show the efficacy and safety of these therapies both in clinical trial and real world settings based on our own clinical experiences.
Platinum-group minerals in dolerites from Alexandra Land Island (Franz Josef Land Archipelago)
Authors: Sklyarov E.V. , Karyakin Yu.V. , Karmanov N.S. , Tolstykh N.D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Lavas in Alexandra Land Island of the Franz Josef Land Archipelago bear Au-Cu-Pd-type mineralization. The found mineral species belong to the Cu–Au–Pd and Pd–Cu–(Te + Sb + S + As) systems being, respectively, (i) cuproauride (Au(Cu, Pd)) and auricupride (Au(Cu,Pd)3) and (ii) phases similar to skaergaardite (PdCu), nielsenite (PdCu3), and numerous S–Te–Sb–Pd–Cu phases of various compositions. The morphology of PGM existing as tiny grains and films along the boundaries of plagioclase and clinopyroxene and in cracks, their crystallization at low temperatures predicted by experimental data, and the presence of native copper with sulfur impurity are signatures of postmagmatic origin. The Alexandra Land tholeiitic basalts and dolerites were, most likely, produced by the hotspot which may be the source of PGE-bearing intrusions in eastern Greenland that contain PGM similar to those discussed in the paper.