bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detrimental effect of an early exposure to antibiotics on the outcomes of immunotherapy in a multi-tumor cohort of patients
Authors: Guerrero Patricia , Albarrán Víctor , González-Merino Carlos , García de Quevedo Coral , Sotoca Pilar , Chamorro Jesús , Rosero Diana Isabel , Barrill Ana , Alía Víctor , Calvo Juan Carlos , Moreno Jaime , Pérez de Aguado Patricia , Álvarez-Ballesteros Pablo , San Román María , Serrano Juan José , Soria Ainara , Olmedo María Eugenia , Saavedra Cristina , Cortés Alfonso , Gómez Ana , Lage Yolanda , Ruiz Álvaro , Ferreiro María Reyes , Longo Federico , Guerra Eva , Martínez-Delfrade Íñigo , Garrido Pilar , Gajate Pablo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have changed the therapeutic landscape of many solid tumors. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota by antibiotics (Abx) has been suggested to impact on ICI outcomes.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of 475 patients with advanced solid tumors treated with ICI from 2015 to 2022. For each patient, the use of Abx was recorded from 1 month before ICI initiation until disease progression or death. The impact of Abx on objective response rates (ORR), disease control rates (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were used to compare survival outcomes.

Results
In total 475 patients with advanced solid tumors were evaluated. Median age was 67.5 years and performance status (PS) was 0-1 in 84.6%. 66.5% of patients received Abx during treatment with ICI, mainly beta-lactams (53.8%) and quinolones (35.9%). The early exposure to Abx (from 60 days before to 42 days after the first cycle of ICI) was associated with a lower ORR (27.4% vs 39.4%; P &lt; .01), a lower DCR (37.3% vs 57.4%; P &lt; .001), lower PFS (16.8 m vs 27.8 m; HR 0.66; P &lt; .001]) and lower OS (2.5 m vs 6.6 m; HR 0.68; P = .001]). The negative impact of Abx on OS and PFS was confirmed by a multivariable analysis. This effect was not observed among patients receiving Abx after 6 weeks from ICI initiation.

Conclusions
Our results validate the hypothesis of a detrimental effect of an early exposure to Abxon the efficacy of ICI in a multi-tumor cohort of patients.
Transcription factor OsMYB2 triggers amino acid transporter OsANT1 expression to regulate rice growth and salt tolerance
Authors: Nie Shengsong , Huang Weiting , He Chongchong , Wu Bowen , Duan Honglang , Ruan Jingjun , Zhao Quanzhi , Fang Zhongming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Amino acid transporters (AATs) play important roles in plant growth and stress tolerance; however, whether the abscisic acid signaling pathway regulates their transcription in rice (Oryza sativa) under salt stress remains unclear. In this study, we report that the transcription factor OsMYB2 (MYB transcription factor 2) of the abscisic acid signaling pathway mediates the expression of the gene encoding the AAT aromatic and neutral AAT 1 (OsANT1), which positively regulates growth and salt tolerance in rice. OsANT1 was mainly expressed in the leaf blade and panicle under normal conditions and transports leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and proline (Pro), positively regulating tillering and yield in rice. Nevertheless, salt stress induced the accumulation of abscisic acid and strongly increased the expression level of OsANT1 in the root, resulting in enhanced salt tolerance of rice seedlings, as evidenced by higher Pro concentration and antioxidant-like enzyme activities and lower malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentrations. Moreover, we showed that OsMYB2 interacts with the promoter of OsANT1 and promotes its expression. Overexpression of OsMYB2 also improved tillering, yield, and salt tolerance in rice. In conclusion, our results suggest that the transcription factor OsMYB2 triggers OsANT1 expression and regulates growth and salt tolerance in rice, providing insights into the role of the abscisic acid signaling pathway in the regulatory mechanism of AATs in response to salt stress.
Automating body-worn camera footage review through AI: baseline attitudes from a multisite randomized control trial
Authors: Watts Seth , White Michael D , Malm Aili 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Body-worn cameras (BWCs) have been widely adopted as a tool to promote police reform. However, studies have shown that most of the footage recorded by BWCs (about 95 per cent) is never reviewed or seen, which undercuts the core benefits of BWCs. Artificial Intelligence-driven analytics may overcome this problem. One example is Truleo, which uses natural language processing to analyse the audio footage and produce metrics of risk and professionalism. However, there is virtually no research examining its use and impact in policing. In the current study, we describe preliminary findings from ongoing randomized controlled trials testing the implementation and impact of Truleo in the Apache Junction and Casa Grande Police Departments. We draw on focus groups of officers, sergeants, and upper-level management and officer perceptions via surveys administered pre-deployment of the technology. We conclude with a discussion of policy implications related to the use of AI for BWC footage review, particularly with regard to how the technology may promote professionalism, intensify supervision, and increase organizational efficiency.
Nonthermal Baryogenesis from Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model Flat Direction
Authors: Haba Naoyuki , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Tanabe Yoshihiro , Yamada Toshifumi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study an inflection point inflation scenario where a flat direction of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) is identified with the inflaton. We focus on the case where the flat direction (inflaton) has nonzero baryon number, and consider a nonthermal baryogenesis scenario where the decay of the inflaton at the reheating directly generates baryon asymmetry of the universe. Specifically, we consider a udd flat direction that is lifted by a superpotential operator of dimension 6, and show that inflection point inflation with the udd flat direction can be compatible with cosmological observations and can account for the baryon asymmetry of the universe.
Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived small extracellular vesicles protect against UV-induced photoaging via regulating pregnancy zone protein
Authors: Sun Zixuan , Wang Tangrong , Hou Xiaomei , Bai Wenhuan , Li Jiali , Li Yu , Zhang Jiaxin , Zheng Yuzhou , Wu Zhijing , Wu Peipei , Yan Lirong , Qian Hui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the primary extrinsic factor in skin aging, contributing to skin photoaging, actinic keratosis (AK), and even squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Currently, the beneficial role of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) in cutaneous wound healing has been widely reported, but the field of photoaging remains to be explored. Our results suggested that human umbilical cord MSC-derived sEVs (hucMSC-sEVs) intervention could effectively alleviate skin photoaging phenotypes in vivo and in vitro, including ameliorating UV-induced histopathological changes in the skin and inhibiting oxidative stress and collagen degradation in dermal fibroblasts (DFs). Mechanistically, pretreatment with hucMSC-sEVs reversed UVA-induced down-regulation of pregnancy zone protein (PZP) in DFs, and achieved photoprotection by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression and reducing DNA damage. Clinically, a significant decrease in PZP in AK and SCC in situ samples was observed, while a rebound appeared in the invasive SCC samples. Collectively, our findings reveal the effective role of hucMSC-sEVs in regulating PZP to combat photoaging and provide new pre-clinical evidence for the potential development of hucMSC-sEVs as an effective skin photoprotective agent.
Effects of intrauterine extracellular vesicle microRNAs on embryonic gene expression in low‐fertility cows
Authors: Ichikawa Rei , Kimura Koji , Nakamura Sho , Ohkura Satoshi , Matsuyama Shuichi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEmbryo survival and pre‐implantation development depend on uterine luminal fluid, which is believed to play a role in early embryonic death and infertility in cows. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the uterine luminal fluid contain microRNAs (miRNAs), crucial mediators of intercellular communication. miRNAs regulate conceptus–maternal interactions and participate in embryonic development by suppressing gene expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that miRNAs in the intrauterine EVs of low‐fertility cows would hinder embryonic survival and development. EVs were collected from the bovine uterine luminal fluid of both normal‐ and low‐fertility cows 7 days post‐estrus. Small RNA‐sequencing analysis of miRNAs isolated from these EVs identified eight miRNAs that were highly expressed in normal‐fertility cows (normal‐fertility miRNAs) and eight with elevated expression in low‐fertility cows (low‐fertility miRNAs). These two sets of miRNAs were transfected into hatched blastocysts via lipofection. RNA‐seq following lipofection with low‐fertility miRNAs identified 424 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) relative to the control; in contrast, following lipofection with normal‐fertility miRNAs, seven DEGs were identified. Pathway analysis of the DEGs identified following lipofection with low‐fertility miRNAs revealed substantial enrichment of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Expression of activator protein 1 (AP1) and interferon‐tau (IFNT) mRNA was significantly lower in the low‐fertility miRNA transfection group than in the control. IFNT is essential for maternal pregnancy recognition. Therefore, miRNAs in intrauterine EVs from low‐fertility cows at 7 days post‐estrus may inhibit embryo development and suppress IFNT expression by altering MAPK signaling.
Predicting immune protection against outcomes of infectious disease from population-level effectiveness data with application to COVID-19
Authors: Hao Tianxiao , Ryan Gerard E. , Lydeamore Michael J. , Cromer Deborah , Wood James , McVernon Jodie , McCaw James M. , Shearer Freya M. , Golding Nick 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuantifying the extent to which previous infections and vaccinations confer protection against future infection or disease outcomes is critical to managing the transmission and consequences of infectious diseases.We present a general statistical model for predicting the strength of protection conferred by different immunising exposures (numbers, types, and variants of both vaccines and infections), against multiple outcomes of interest, whilst accounting for immune waning. We predict immune protection against key clinical outcomes: developing symptoms, hospitalisation, and death. We also predict transmission-related outcomes: acquisition of infection and onward transmission in breakthrough infections. These enable quantification of the impact of immunity on population-level transmission dynamics. Our model calibrates the level of immune protection, drawing on both population-level data, such as vaccine effectiveness estimates, and neutralising antibody levels as a correlate of protection. This enables the model to learn realised immunity levels beyond those which can be predicted by antibody kinetics or other correlates alone.We demonstrate an application of the model for SARS-CoV-2, and predict the individual-level protective effectiveness conferred by natural infections with the Delta and the Omicron B.1.1.529 variants, and by the BioNTech-Pfizer (BNT162b2), Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1), and 3rd-dose mRNA booster vaccines, against outcomes for both Delta and Omicron. We also demonstrate a use case of the model in late 2021 during the emergence of Omicron, showing how the model can be rapidly updated with emerging epidemiological data on multiple variants in the same population, to infer key immunogenicity and intrinsic transmissibility characteristics of the new variant, before these can be directly observed via vaccine effectiveness data.This model provided timely inference on rapidly evolving epidemic situations of significant concern during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The general nature of the model enables it to be used to support management of a range of infectious diseases.
EFFECTIVENESS OF A TAILORED SLEEP EDUCATION PROGRAM TO IMPROVE SLEEP AND ITS IMPACT ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN MULTISPORT YOUTH ATHLETES
Authors: Merayo Ana , Rodas Gil , Sans Oscar , Iranzo Alex , Capdevila Lluis 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveto evaluate the effectiveness of a sleep education program among young athletes in enhancing sleep quality and duration, as well as mood and academic performance.Design: prospective cohort study.MethodsWe included 639 players (11% female; mean age of 13.89±3.8 years) of 5 sports disciplines in a professional club were evaluated before and after a sport season, through 4 specific instruments: 1) sleep diaries to estimate nocturnal sleep duration, 2) the Children’s Sleep Disorder Score Scale (SDSC) to assess sleep quality, 3) the Sleep Vitality Scale (SVS) to examine mood, and 4) school records of academic performance. The sleep education program included staff, family and individual sessions. It focused on the promotion of healthy sleep habits.ResultsThe 16t-25 years-old (y-o) group exhibited an increase in nocturnal sleep duration (p=0.002), while the 12-15 y-o group showed a decrease (p=0.01). In contrast, the 7-11y-o group exhibited no change. For sleep quality, the 12-15y-o (p < 0.001) and 16-25y-o (p<0.001) groups, while the 7-11y-o group exhibited inferior sleep quality (p 0.001). Regarding mood, the 7-11y-o group showed a significant deterioration (p=0.008), while no changes were observed in the 12-15y-o and 16-25y-o groups. Academic performance exhibited a significant improvement in the 7-11y-o (p=0.001), 12-15y-o (p<0.001), and 16-25y-o (p=0.008) groups.ConclusionsAmong athletes aged 12-25y-o, participation in a sleep education program led to improvements in sleep quality and duration, accompanied by enhanced academic performance. However, this intervention did not yield positive effects for athletes between the ages of 7 and 11 years.
Local and global mortality experience: A novel hierarchical model for regional mortality risk
Authors: Nalmpatian Asmik , Heumann Christian , Alkaya Levent , Jackson William 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccurate mortality risk assessment is critical for decision-making in life insurance, healthcare, and public policy. Regional variability in mortality, driven by diverse local factors and inconsistent data availability, presents significant modeling challenges. This study introduces a novel hierarchical mortality risk model that integrates global and local data, enhancing regional mortality estimation across diverse regions. The proposed approach employs a two-stage process: first, a global Light Gradient Boosting Machine model is trained on globally shared features; second, region-specific models are developed to incorporate local characteristics. This framework outperforms both purely local models and standard imputation techniques, particularly in data-scarce regions, by leveraging global patterns to improve generalization. The model is computationally efficient, scalable, and robust in handling missing values, making it adaptable for other domains requiring integration of multi-regional data. This method enhances predictive accuracy across various regions and provides a more reliable approach for mortality risk estimation in data-scarce environments.
Machine learning-based equations for improved body composition estimation in Indian adults
Authors: Birk Nick , Kulkarni Bharati , Bhogadi Santhi , Aggarwal Aastha , Walia Gagandeep Kaur , Gupta Vipin , Rani Usha , Mahajan Hemant , Kinra Sanjay , Mallinson Poppy AC 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is commonly used as a lower-cost measurement of body composition as compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in large-scale epidemiological studies. However, existing equations for body composition based on BIA measures may not generalize well to all settings.We combined BIA measurements (TANITA BC-418) with skinfold thickness, body circumferences, and grip strength to develop equations to predict six DXA-measured body composition parameters in a cohort of Indian adults using machine learning techniques. The participants were split into training (80%, 1297 males and 1133 females) and testing (20%, 318 males and 289 females) data to develop and validate the performance of equations for total body fat mass (kg), total body lean mass (kg), total body fat percentage (%), trunk fat percentage (%), L1-L4 fat percentage (%), and total appendicular lean mass (kg), separately for males and females. Our novel equations outperformed existing equations for each of these body composition parameters. For example, the mean absolute error for total body fat mass was 1.808 kg for males and 2.054 kg for females using the TANITA’s built-in estimation algorithm, 2.105 kg for males and 2.995 kg for females using Durnin-Womersley equations, and 0.935 kg for males and 0.976 kg for females using our novel equations.These equations may provide improved estimation of body composition in research and clinical contexts conducted in India and will be made available as an online application for use in future research in these populations.
Reduction of clonal hematopoiesis mutation burden in coronary patients treated with low-dose colchicine
Authors: Tardif Jean-Claude , Busque Lambert , Geoffroy Steve , Sandoval Johanna , Perreault Louis-Philippe Lemieux , Mongrain Ian , Valois Diane , Gaulin-Marion Marie-Josée , Buscarlet Manuel , Provost Sylvie , Maggioni Aldo P. , Kouz Simon , Pinto Fausto J. , Lopez-Sendon Jose , Waters David D. , Diaz Rafael , Gamra Habib , Kiwan Ghassan S. , Berry Colin , Koenig Wolfgang , Grégoire Jean C. , L’Allier Philippe L. , Provencher Mylène , Guertin Marie-Claude , Roubille François , Oussaid Essaid , Barhdadi Amina , Dubé Marie-Pierre 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTClonal hematopoiesis involves mutations in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly under pro-inflammatory conditions. This study assessed the impact of the anti-inflammatory medication colchicine on clonal hematopoiesis in patients with recent myocardial infarction from the COLCOT trial. Participants were randomly assigned to low-dose colchicine (0.5 mg daily) or placebo, with 848 providing two DNA samples for longitudinal analysis. Targeted error-corrected sequencing was used, and 15,919 mutations were followed over a median period of 19.5 months. The results showed significantly lower variant allele fractions in the colchicine group compared to placebo (p interaction=0.03), with notable reductions inTET2(10.3%, p=0.007; p interaction=0.001),TP53(11.8%, p=0.001; p interaction=0.03), andSF3B1mutations (19.9%, p=0.006; p interaction=0.005). Thus, colchicine reduced the proportion of clonal hematopoiesis mutations in patients with coronary disease, and longer-term studies with diverse populations are needed to confirm its potential benefits in mitigating related health risks.
Estimating the serotype-specific association between the concentration of vaccine-induced serum antibodies and protection against pneumococcal colonization
Authors: Wong Anabelle , Warren Joshua L. , Fitch Laura , Perniciaro Stephanie , Dagan Ron , Weinberger Daniel M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) offer indirect protection by reducing pneumococcal colonization in the vaccinated children and thus transmission. As higher-valency PCVs may trigger a weaker immune response, it is important to understand how differences in immunogenicity between PCVs translate to effectiveness against colonization.MethodsWe estimated the serotype-specific relationship between the concentration of vaccine-induced serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and protection against colonization using a hierarchical Bayesian model with the longitudinal data from a randomized controlled trial in Israel. Then, we combined these estimates with the summary-level immunogenicity data (geometric mean concentration and 95% confidence intervals) from head-to-head clinical trials comparing PCV13 vs. PCV7, PCV 15 vs. PCV13, and PCV20 vs. PCV13 to infer the relative effectiveness of higher-valency PCVs against colonization.ResultsThe hierarchical Bayesian model predicted that the risk of colonization increased as serum IgG decreased, and the association differed by serotype. Our approach estimated higher-valency PCVs to have lower vaccine effectiveness against colonization with some serotypes: 14 and 23F across comparisons; 4 when comparing PCV13 with PCV7 and comparing PCV20 with PCV13; 5, 6A, 6B 7F, 19A, and 19F when comparing PCV15 and PCV20 with PCV13, and additionally 1, 9V and 18C when comparing PCV20 with PCV13.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that while new PCVs might provide sufficient protection against severe disease, protection against transmission might be somewhat reduced for some serotypes. The overall impact should be evaluated in the local context and further monitoring is critical to evaluate the impact of these changes in the coming years.
Identification of Early Risk Factors for Mortality in Pediatric Veno-Arterial Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation: The Patient Matters
Authors: Weinerman Bennett , Kwon Soon Bin , Alalqum Tammam , Nametz Daniel , Megjhani Murad , Clark Eunice , Varner Caleb , Cheung Eva W. , Park Soojin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivePediatric Veno-Arterial Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA ECMO) is a life saving technology associated with high mortality. A successful VA ECMO course requires attention to multiple aspects of patient care, including ECMO and patient parameters. Early, potentially modifiable, risk factors associated with patient mortality should be analyzed and adjusted for when assessing VA ECMO risk profiles.MethodRetrospective single center experience of pediatric patients requiring VA ECMO from January 2021 to October 2023. Laboratory and ECMO flow parameters were extracted from the patients record and analyzed. Risk factors were analyzed using a Cox proportion hazard regressionMain ResultsThere were 45 patients studied. Overall survival was 51%. Upon uncorrected analysis there were no significant differences between the patients who survived and those who died. Utilizing a Cox proportion hazard regression, platelet count, fibrinogen level and creatine level were significant risk factors within the first twenty-four hours of a patient’s ECMO course.SignificanceAlthough we did not find a significant difference among ECMO flow parameters in this study, this work highlights that granular ECMO flow data can be incorporated to risk analysis profiles and potential modeling in pediatric VA ECMO. This study demonstrated, that when controlling for ECMO flow parameters, kidney dysfunction and clotting regulation remain key risk factors for pediatric VA ECMO mortality.