bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis for the selection of a cell‐killing model under high‐dose‐rate irradiation
Authors: Matsuya Yusuke , Kimura Takaaki , Date Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2017

PurposeHigh‐dose‐rate irradiation with 6 MV linac x rays is a wide‐spread means to treat cancer tissue in radiotherapy. The treatment planning relies on a mathematical description of surviving fraction (SF), such as the linear‐quadratic model (LQM) formula. However, even in the case of high‐dose‐rate treatment, the repair kinetics of DNA damage during dose‐delivery time plays a function in predicting the dose‐SF relation. This may call the SF model selection into question when considering the dose‐delivery time or dose‐rate effects (DREs) in radiotherapy and in vitro cell experiments. In this study, we demonstrate the importance of dose‐delivery time at high‐dose‐rate irradiations used in radiotherapy by means of Bayesian estimation.MethodsTo evaluate the model selection for SF, three types of models, the LQM and two microdosimetric‐kinetic models with and without DREs (MKMDR and MKM) were applied to describe in vitroSF data (our work and references). The parameters in each model were evaluated by a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation.ResultsThe MCMC analysis shows that the cell survival curve by the MKMDR fits the experimental data the best in terms of the deviance information criterion (DIC). In the fractionated regimen with 30 fractions to a total dose of 60 Gy, the final cell survival estimated by the MKMDR was higher than that by the LQM. This suggests that additional fractions are required for attaining the total dose equivalent to yield the same effect as the conventional regimen using the LQM in fractionated radiotherapy.ConclusionsDamage repair during dose‐delivery time plays a key role in precisely estimating cell survival even at a high dose rate in radiotherapy. Consequently, it was suggested that the cell‐killing model without repair factor during a short dose‐delivery time may overestimate actual cell killing in fractionated radiotherapy.
Ventilator‐induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in MDX mice
Authors: Liang Feng , Li Tong , Azuelos Ilan , Giordano Christian , Liang Han , Hussain Sabah N. , Matecki Stefan , Petrof Basil J. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionPatients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) frequently undergo mechanical ventilation (MV) for treatment of hypoventilation, but the susceptibility of the dystrophic diaphragm to ventilator‐induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD) has not been examined.MethodsDystrophic mice (mdx—genetic homolog of DMD) were assigned to non‐ventilated control (CTL) and MV (for 6 hours) groups. Biochemical markers of oxidative/cellular stress, metabolism, and proteolysis were compared along with ex‐vivo diaphragmatic force production.ResultsMV significantly depressed maximal diaphragmatic force production compared with baseline values. In addition, MV triggered oxidative stress responses, STAT3 phosphorylation, and an upregulation of cellular pathways associated with muscle proteolysis and/or wasting (autophagy, E3 ubiquitin ligases, and myostatin).DiscussionShort‐term MV induces rapid diaphragmatic force loss and biochemical changes consistent with VIDD in mdx mice. This may have implications for the optimal use of intermittent MV in DMD patients. Muscle Nerve 57: 442–448, 2018
Forecasting by TSK general type‐2 fuzzy logic systems optimized with genetic algorithms
Authors: Chen Yang , Wang Dazhi , Ning Wu 
Published: August 2017

SummaryResearching the theory and applications of general type‐2 fuzzy logic systems (GT2 FLSs) has become a hot orientation in recent years. The permanent‐magnetic drive (PMD) affected by uncertainties is an emerging technology. This paper designs a type of Takagi‐Sugeno‐Kang GT2 FLSs to investigate PMD temperature forecasting problems. Genetic algorithms are used to optimize the parameters of Takagi‐Sugeno‐Kang GT2 FLSs, according to the asymptotic way. The primary membership functions (MFs) of the antecedent and input measurements of the proposed systems are chosen as the Gaussian‐type MFs with uncertain standard deviations, and the consequent parameters are selected as crisp numbers, whereas the secondary MFs (vertical slices) are selected as a triangle type. Noisy data of PMD temperature are used for training and testing the proposed T2 FLS forecasting methods. Numerical simulation studies and convergence analysis illustrate that the proposed GT2 FLSs outperform their type‐1 and interval type‐2 FLSs.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes reinforced poly (ether‐ketone) nanocomposites: Assessment of rheological, mechanical, and electromagnetic shielding properties
Authors: Chauhan Sampat Singh , Verma Meenakshi , Verma Pawan , Singh Vishwa Pratap , Choudhary Veena 
Published: August 2017

This study investigates the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) content on rheological, mechanical, and EMI shielding properties in Ka band (26.5‐40 GHz) of poly (ether‐ketone) [PEK] prepared by melt compounding using twin screw extruder. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG‐SEM) studies were adopted to identify dispersion of nanotubes in PEK matrix. TEM and SEM images showed uniform dispersion of MWCNTs in PEK/MWCNT composites even at loading of 5 wt%. The rheological studies showed that the material experiences viscous (fluid) to elastic (solid) transition at 1 wt% loading beyond which nanotubes form continuous network throughout the matrix which in turn promotes reinforcement. Additionally, Van‐Gurp Palmen plot (phase angle vs complex modulus) and values of damping factor further confirm that the material undergoes viscous to elastic transition at 1 wt% loading. This reinforcement effect of nanotubes is reflected in enhanced mechanical properties (flexural strength and flexural modulus). Flexural strength and flexural modulus of PEK showed an increment of 17% upon incorporation of 5 wt% of MWCNTs. Total shielding effectiveness (SET) of −38 dB with very high shielding effectiveness due to absorption (SEA ~ −34 dB) was observed at 5 wt% loading of MWCNTs in PEK matrix in the frequency range of 26.5‐40 GHz (Ka band).
Quantitative Analysis of Ingenol in Euphorbia species via Validated Isotope Dilution Ultra‐high Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Béres Tibor , Dragull Klaus , Pospíšil Jiří , Tarkowská Danuše , Dančák Martin , Bíba Ondřej , Tarkowski Petr , Doležal Karel , Strnad Miroslav 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionVarious species of the Euphorbia genus contain diterpene ingenol and ingenol mebutate (ingenol‐3‐angelate), a substance found in the sap of the plant Euphorbia peplus and an inducer of cell death. A gel formulation of the drug has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis.ObjectiveTo develop a rapid and reliable method for quantification of ingenol in various plant extracts.MethodologyMethanolic extracts of 38 species of the Euphorbia genus were analysed via ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) after methanolysis and solid‐phase extraction (SPE) purification. The 18O–labelled ingenol analogue was prepared and used as an internal standard for ingenol content determination and method validation.ResultsThe highest ingenol concentration (547 mg/kg of dry weight) was found in the lower leafless stems of E. myrsinites. The screening confirms a substantial amount of ingenol in species studied previously and furthermore, reveals some new promising candidates.ConclusionThe newly established UHPLC–MS/MS method shows to be an appropriate tool for screening of the Euphorbia genus for ingenol content and allows selection of species suitable for raw material production and/or in vitro culture initiation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying a borderline personality disorder prodrome: Implications for community screening
Authors: Stepp Stephanie D. , Lazarus Sophie A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractElucidating early signs and symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) has important implications for screening and identifying youth appropriate for early intervention. The purpose of this study was to identify dimensions of child temperament and psychopathology symptom severity that predict conversion to a positive screen for BPD over a 14‐year follow‐up period in a large, urban community sample of girls (n = 2 450). Parent and teacher reports of child temperament and psychopathology symptom severity assessed when girls were ages 5–8 years were examined as predictors of new‐onset BPD cases when girls were ages 14–22 years. In the final model, parent and teacher ratings of emotionality remained significant predictors of new‐onset BPD. Additionally, parent ratings of hyperactivity/impulsivity and depression severity, as well as teacher ratings of inattention severity, were also predictive. Results also revealed that elevations in these dimensions pose a notable increase in risk for conversion to BPD over the follow‐up period. Supplementary analyses revealed that with the exception of parent‐reported depression severity, these same predictors were associated with increases in BPD symptom severity over the follow‐up period. These findings suggest BPD onset in adolescence and early adulthood can be detected from parent and teacher reports of temperament and symptom severity dimensions assessed in childhood. The identification of this prodrome holds promise for advancing early detection of children at risk prior to the development of the full‐blown disorder. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RAFT polymerization and thio‐bromo substitution: An efficient way towards well‐defined glycopolymers
Authors: Pröhl Michael , Englert Christoph , Gottschaldt Michael , Brendel Johannes C. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTDespite an increasing effort to design well‐defined glycopolymers, the convenient synthesis of polymers with higher DPs (>100) and without tedious protection and deprotection steps remains a challenge. Combining the reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization and the efficient substitution of primary bromo groups by thiols, we were able to synthesize a set of well‐defined glycopolymers with DPs of up to 115. With the polymerization of the highly reactive monomer (2‐bromoethyl)‐acrylate polymers with low dispersities were obtained that could efficiently be functionalized with various sugar thiol(ate)s. In particular, derivatives of d‐glucose, d‐galactose, and d‐mannose gave excellent degrees of functionalization close to quantitative conversion using only a slight excess of the thiol. This atom efficient synthesis can even be applied for copolymers with acid or base labile components due to the use of unprotected sugar moieties and, hence, the lack of further deprotection steps. Binding studies with the lectin concanavalin A and the subsequent competition studies with α‐d‐methyl‐mannopyranose (αMeMan) proved the effective binding of these derivatives and revealed a DP‐ and carbohydrate‐dependent clustering and dissolution. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3617–3626
Pediatric lung transplantation and end of life care in cystic fibrosis: Barriers and successful strategies
Authors: Dellon Elisabeth , Goldfarb Samuel B. , Hayes Don , Sawicki Gregory S. , Wolfe Joanne , Boyer Debra 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPediatric lung transplantation has advanced over the years, providing a potential life‐prolonging therapy to patients with cystic fibrosis. Despite this, many challenges in lung transplantation remain and result in worse outcomes than other solid organ transplants. As CF lung disease progresses, children and their caregivers are often simultaneously preparing for lung transplantation and end of life. In this article, we will discuss the current barriers to success in pediatric CF lung transplantation as well as approaches to end of life care in this population.
Risk factors for metastatic prostate cancer: A sentinel event case series
Authors: Paller Channing J. , Cole Alexander P. , Partin Alan W. , Carducci Michael A. , Kanarek Norma F. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundRoot cause analysis is a technique used to assess systems factors related to “sentinel events”—serious adverse events within healthcare systems. This technique is commonly used to identify factors, which allowed these adverse events to occur, to target areas for improvement and to improve health care delivery systems. We sought to apply this technique to men presenting with metastatic prostate cancer (PCa).MethodsWe performed an in‐depth case series analysis of 15 patients, who presented with metastatic disease at Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center using root cause analysis to refine a list of health system factors that lead to late stage presentation in the current era.ResultsKey factors in late diagnosis of PCa included lack of insurance, lack of routine PSA testing, comorbidities, reticence of patients to follow up actionable PSA, and aggressive disease. Three patients had aggressive disease that would not have been discovered at an early stage in the disease process, despite routine screening. However, analysis of the remaining 12 patients illuminated health system factors led to missing important diagnostic information, which might have led to diagnosis of PCa at a curable stage.ConclusionsThe cases help highlight the need for systems based approaches to early diagnosis of PCa. A heterogeneous group of barriers to early diagnosis were identified in our series of patients including economic, health systems, and cultural factors. These findings underscore the need for individualized approaches to preventing delayed diagnosis of PCa. While limited by our single‐institution scope, this approach provides a model for research and quality improvement initiatives to identify modifiable systems factors impeding appropriate diagnoses of PCa.
The role of field dust in pesticide drift when pesticide‐treated maize seeds are planted with vacuum‐type planters
Authors: Schaafsma Arthur W , Limay‐Rios Victor , Forero Luis G 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeonicotinoid‐contaminated dust escaping pneumatic seeders causes exposure to non‐target organisms such as pollinators. Two sources of dust have been reported: abrasion by talc which is added as seed lubricant during planting, and seed‐to‐seed abrasion occurring during seed handling, distribution and planting. We report a third important source that warrants remediation. Here, soil dust stirred up by planters was found to enter the vacuum air intake near seed metering devices.RESULTSThe mean quantity of dust collected from the exhaust of a commercial pneumatic planter over a number of field sites and situations was 46 g ha−1, ranging from 5.8 to 184.2 g ha−1. While the clothianidin concentration in exhaust dust declined with increasing quantity of dust, total clothianidin recovered increased linearly within the study parameters. Up to 2.4 g ha−1 of clothianidin was recovered from planter exhaust, representing approximately 12.6% of the active ingredient applied to seed. A similar pattern occurred in the laboratory on a single standing planter unit using diatomaceous earth as surrogate field dust.CONCLUSIONField dust in pneumatic metering systems contributes significantly to clothianidin contamination in planter exhaust by seed abrasion. Adding diatomaceous earth as surrogate field dust to the Heubach seed dust protocol accounted for field dust abrasion and distinguished anti‐abrasive properties of seed treatments. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
On the difference between atom‐bond connectivity index and Randić index of binary and chemical trees
Authors: Ali Akbar , Du Zhibin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article is devoted to establishing some extremal results with respect to the difference of two well‐known bond incident degree indices [atom‐bond connectivity (ABC) index and Randić (R) index] for the chemical graphs representing alkanes. More precisely, the first three extremal trees with respect to ABC – R are characterized among all n‐vertex binary trees (the trees with maximum degree at most 3). The n‐vertex chemical trees (the trees with maximum degree at most 4) having the first three maximum ABC – R values are also determined.
Moving Our Can(n)ons: Toward an Appreciation of Multimodal Texts in the Classroom
Authors: Jiménez Laura M. , Roberts Kathryn L. , Brugar Kristy A. , Meyer Carla K. , Waito Kim 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe growing popularity of graphic novels for younger readers is hard to miss. This article provides specific ways to think about, recognize, and teach with multimodal texts that leverage student interest. In this English language arts unit, we taught a sixth‐grade class how to read and comprehend the complex design elements common to the graphic novel form. The class used both student‐selected graphic novels made available to them by the researchers and a whole‐class graphic novel, One Dead Spy by Nathan Hale. Teaching students how to effectively comprehend graphic novels is much like teaching anything: By identifying the content and strategies that need to be taught, we then identified the corresponding teaching strategies needed. This article reports on the content and strategies, specific ways to help students come to a greater understanding of the text in hand, and graphic novels as a literary form.
A survey of Web crawlers for information retrieval
Authors: Kumar Manish , Bhatia Rajesh , Rattan Dhavleesh 
Published: August 2017

Performance of any search engine relies heavily on its Web crawler. Web crawlers are the programs that get webpages from the Web by following hyperlinks. These webpages are indexed by a search engine and can be retrieved by a user query. In the area of Web crawling, we still lack an exhaustive study that covers all crawling techniques. This study follows the guidelines of systematic literature review and applies it to the field of Web crawling. We used the standard procedure of carrying out a systematic literature review on 248 studies from a total of 1488 articles published in 12 leading journals and other premier conferences and workshops. Existing literature about the Web crawler is classified into different key subareas. Each subarea is further divided according to the techniques being used. We analyzed the distribution of various articles using multiple criteria and depicted conclusions. Various studies that use open source Web crawlers are also reported. We have highlighted future areas of research. We call for an increased awareness in various fields of the Web crawler and identify how techniques from other domains can be used for crawling the Web. Limitations and recommendations for future are also discussed. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1218. doi: 10.1002/widm.1218This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Web Mining
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Information Repositories
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Motivation and Emergence of Data Mining
The hybrid genomes of Saccharomyces pastorianus: A current perspective
Authors: Monerawela Chandre , Bond Ursula 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSaccharomyces pastorianus is a recently evolved interspecies hybrid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces eubayanus used in the production of lager‐type beers and has a long‐standing history with the brewing industry. At least two distinct types of lager yeasts (Groups I and II) have been identified based on chromosome content and structure. One important feature of the genomes of lager yeasts is the presence of a set of hybrid chromosomes that emerged as a result of homeologous recombination events between the parental chromosomes. The unique genetic composition of the hybrid genomes of S. pastorianus affords interesting opportunities for evolution, adaptation and survival of the hybrids. The co‐expression of S. eubayanus, S. cerevisiae and hybrid gene alleles, together with gene dosage effects resulting from the presence of multiple copies of individual genes, creates a complex algorithm for gene expression, cellular biochemistry and physiology. The recent availability of genome sequences for three Group I and ten Group II lager yeast strains provides an opportunity to decipher this complex algorithm and understand how it impacts on the final fermentation product: flavoursome beer. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Online Module for Carrier Screening in Ashkenazi Jewish Individuals Compared with In‐Person Genetics Education: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fan Chia Wei , Castonguay Lysanne , Rummell Sonja , Lévesque Sébastien , Mitchell John J. , Sillon Guillaume 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo increase accessibility to genetics services for low‐urgency patients seeking Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) carrier screening, we designed an interactive computer (IC) module that provides pre‐test genetics education and allows genetics professionals to order the test without meeting the patients beforehand. We compared this module with in‐person genetic counseling (GC) using a randomized trial. AJ individuals were randomized to undergo genetics education via the IC module (n = 26) or GC (n = 28). We compared post‐interventional genetics knowledge, perceived genetic risk, and anxiety between the two groups, after accounting for pre‐interventional scores, using ANCOVA. Wilcoxon Rank‐Sum test was used to compare post‐interventional satisfaction. Post‐interventional genetics knowledge, risk perception, or anxiety were not significantly different between the two groups after accounting for baseline scores (p = 0.50–0.54), although the data are inconclusive regarding the module's non‐inferiority at a 5% margin. Post‐intervention satisfaction scores were generally higher in the GC group than the IC module group. Our IC module has the potential to improve access to clinical genetics services for patients and staff, but it is not suitable for all AJ patients and cannot completely replace the benefits of in‐person consultations.
The Nucleation and Growth of Succinic Acid in the Presence of Surfactants
Authors: Yu Qiushuo , Li Xiaorui , Qiao Xiaoyan , Qi Min 
Published: August 2017

AbstractImpurities may have a marked effect on crystal nucleation and growth. To further understand the role of impurities, the crystallization (solubility, nucleation, growth) of succinic acid in water in the presence of surfactants such as polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) was investigated experimentally. The presence of CTAB, SDBS or Tween 80 had little influence on succinic acid solubility but did slow crystallization kinetics. The surfactant monomer in solution, not micelles, proved to play the primary role affecting nucleation. The nucleation inhibition by surfactant was analyzed on the base of a two‐step nucleation process: (1) the inhibition on the formation and growth of succinic acid nanodroplets and (2) the influence on succinic acid single nucleus (SASN) in secondary nucleation. SASN may play important role in secondary nucleation, although further work is necessary to conform this. The length of the surfactant hydrocarbon chain was found to affect crystal habit development.