bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wider die Datenpraxeologie Ein Kommentar zu Susanne Boerner, Florian Schramm: Fluktuationsneigung in den neunziger Jahren. In: ZfP 12 (1), 1998, S. 79–97
Authors: Martin Albert 
Published: February 2016

Ich möchte abschließend nochmals auf das Unbehagen zurückkommen, das ich bei der Lektüre der letzten Seiten des Aufsatzes von Boerner/Schramm empfunden habe. Mir scheinen die beiden Autoren etwas oberflächlich mit weitreichenden Fragen umgegangen zu sein. Aus der Analyse von Umfragedaten sollten nicht ohne weiteres irgendwelche „Praxisempfehlungen” abgeleitet werden. Man sollte sich zuvor auf Empfehlungen unserer Profession besinnen, z.B. auf die Regel, die eigenen Überlegungen durch die Konfrontation mit alternativen Interpretationen zu disziplinieren. Dieser Maxime sind Boerner/Schramm nur unzureichend gefolgt – und daher mein Kommentar. Möglicherweise haben Boerner/Schramm auch ihre Handlungsempfehlungen viel harmloser gemeint, als sie mir erscheinen. Sie sind zumindest mißverständlich, und Boerner/Schramm hätten diese Unklarheit vermieden, wenn sie ihre theoretischen und wertbezogenen Prämissen reflektiert hätten. Mein Kommentar sollte jedenfalls zeigen, daß die Prämissen des Empirikers seine Dateninterpretation maßgeblich prägen. Zusammenfassend seien meine wesentlichen Kritikpunkte nochmals genannt: Die Hypothesen von Boerner/Schramm sind unvollständig. Sie unterstellen einen bestimmten Selektionsmechanismus, der wenig plausibel ist, und dessen Gültigkeit sie nicht überprüfen. Die Schlußfolgerungen, die sie aus den ermittelten Ergebnis sen ziehen, sind daher fragwürdig. Aus „Seinsaussagen” lassen sich keine „Sollensaussagen” ableiten. Die praktischen Ratschläge von Boerner/Schramm basieren auf Wertprämissen, die sie nicht offen diskutieren. Die empirischen „Fakten” sind Interpretationen, die auch anders gelesen werden können. Boerner/Schramm unterstellen nach meinem Eindruck ein ökonomistisches Menschenbild. Jedenfalls verzichten sie auf eine Reflektion ihres Menschenbildes und dessen motivationstheoretische Gültigkeit. Unterstellt man aber ein anderes Menschenbild, dann wird man aus den Daten andere Schlüsse ziehen als Boerner/Schramm.
Trans-basement membrane migration of eosinophils induced by LPS-stimulated neutrophils from human peripheral bloodin vitro
Authors: Nishihara Fuyumi , Nakagome Kazuyuki , Kobayashi Takehito , Noguchi Toru , Araki Ryuichiro , Uchida Yoshitaka , Soma Tomoyuki , Nagata Makoto 
Published: February 2016

In the airways of severe asthmatics, an increase of neutrophils and eosinophils is often observed despite high-dose corticosteroid therapy. We previously reported that interleukin-8-stimulated neutrophils induced trans-basement membrane migration (TBM) of eosinophils, suggesting the link between neutrophils and eosinophils. Concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the airway increase in severe asthma. As neutrophils express Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and can release chemoattractants for eosinophils, we investigated whether LPS-stimulated neutrophils modify eosinophil TBM.Neutrophils and eosinophils were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and severe asthmatics. Eosinophil TBM was examined using a modified Boyden's chamber technique. Eosinophils were added to the upper compartment, and neutrophils and LPS were added to the lower compartment. Migrated eosinophils were measured by eosinophil peroxidase assays.LPS-stimulated neutrophils induced eosinophil TBM (about 10-fold increase), although LPS or neutrophils alone did not. A leukotriene B4receptor antagonist, a platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist or an anti-TLR4 antibody decreased eosinophil TBM enhanced by LPS-stimulated neutrophils by almost half. Neutrophils from severe asthmatics induced eosinophil TBM and lower concentrations of LPS augmented neutrophil-induced eosinophil TBM.These results suggest that the combination of neutrophils and LPS leads eosinophils to accumulate in the airways, possibly involved the pathogenesis of severe asthma.
An effective approach for annotation of protein families with low sequence similarity and conserved motifs: identifying GDSL hydrolases across the plant kingdom
Authors: Vujaklija Ivan , Bielen Ana , Paradžik Tina , Biđin Siniša , Goldstein Pavle , Vujaklija Dušica 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
The massive accumulation of protein sequences arising from the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing, coupled with automatic annotation, results in high levels of incorrect annotations. In this study, we describe an approach to decrease annotation errors of protein families characterized by low overall sequence similarity. The GDSL lipolytic family comprises proteins with multifunctional properties and high potential for pharmaceutical and industrial applications. The number of proteins assigned to this family has increased rapidly over the last few years. In particular, the natural abundance of GDSL enzymes reported recently in plants indicates that they could be a good source of novel GDSL enzymes. We noticed that a significant proportion of annotated sequences lack specific GDSL motif(s) or catalytic residue(s). Here, we applied motif-based sequence analyses to identify enzymes possessing conserved GDSL motifs in selected proteomes across the plant kingdom.

Results
Motif-based HMM scanning (Viterbi decoding-VD and posterior decoding-PD) and the here described PD/VD protocol were successfully applied on 12 selected plant proteomes to identify sequences with GDSL motifs. A significant number of identified GDSL sequences were novel. Moreover, our scanning approach successfully detected protein sequences lacking at least one of the essential motifs (171/820) annotated by Pfam profile search (PfamA) as GDSL. Based on these analyses we provide a curated list of GDSL enzymes from the selected plants. CLANS clustering and phylogenetic analysis helped us to gain a better insight into the evolutionary relationship of all identified GDSL sequences. Three novel GDSL subfamilies as well as unreported variations in GDSL motifs were discovered in this study. In addition, analyses of selected proteomes showed a remarkable expansion of GDSL enzymes in the lycophyte, Selaginella moellendorffii. Finally, we provide a general motif-HMM scanner which is easily accessible through the graphical user interface (http://compbio.math.hr/).

Conclusions
Our results show that scanning with a carefully parameterized motif-HMM is an effective approach for annotation of protein families with low sequence similarity and conserved motifs. The results of this study expand current knowledge and provide new insights into the evolution of the large GDSL-lipase family in land plants.
Real-time event location using model-based estimation of arrival times and back azimuths of seismic phases
Authors: Hirabayashi Nobuyasu 
Published: February 2016

I have devised a real-time procedure for locating events using an estimation method that analyzes arrival times and back azimuths of phases. The new procedure is applicable to data acquired by local array receivers, such as those used in single-well monitoring as well as by dense receiver networks, and also to noisy waveforms, such as those observed in hydraulic fracturing monitoring if the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than approximately 6 dB. The new procedure uses coalescence microseismic mapping to obtain predictions of arrival times. Based on these predictions, arrival times were estimated by picking the maximum of the ratio of the short-term average to the long-term average of a characteristic function computed for waveforms in an appropriate time window. The estimated arrival times were used in a probabilistic location method, and the probability density function (PDF) of the event location was generated. To locate events for a local array of receivers, the PDFs of event back azimuths obtained using polarizations were combined with the traveltime data to remove directional ambiguities. I have developed this method to generate the PDF of event back azimuths using the average of polarization misfits, which are the differences of the measured and computed polarizations for trial event locations, weighted by the signal-to-noise ratio. Synthetic and field data examples of single-well monitoring of hydraulic fracturing, which required the estimation of event back azimuths in addition to arrival times, were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of the new procedure.
Effect of thermal maturity on elastic properties of kerogen
Authors: Zargari Saeed , Wilkinson Taylor M. , Packard Corinne E. , Prasad Manika 
Published: February 2016

We have performed spatially continuous nanodynamic mechanical analysis on four organic-rich shale samples with different thermal maturities to extract the elastic modulus of the kerogen particles. Aliquots were rigorously prepared, and three scans were acquired from each aliquot. Subcritical nitrogen adsorption pore characterization was performed to determine the abundance of kerogen-hosted porosity. To fully characterize the pore system of samples from the oil window, toluene and then chloroform extraction were performed to remove the pore-filling hydrocarbons prior to nitrogen adsorption. The statistical distribution of the measured modulus values was analyzed to extract the properties of the shale particles. In mature samples from the peak oil generation or gas window, the kerogen porosity was the dominant pore morphology. We found that significant lowering of the kerogen particle modulus resulted from intraparticle kerogen porosity. The kerogen particle modulus in mature samples was measured as being lower (7–12 GPa) than the immature sample (15–20 GPa) due to gas- or bitumen-filled pores.
Joint inversion of source location and focal mechanism of microseismicity
Authors: Liang Chuntao , Yu Yangyang , Yang Yihai , Kang Liang , Yin Chen , Wu Furong 
Published: February 2016

The seismic focal mechanism (FM) is an effective property to indicate source physics, as well as stress and strain distribution in regional, local, and microscales. We have developed an algorithm to jointly invert for the FM and source locations. For a given velocity structure, all possible combinations of source locations ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]) and FM (strike, dip, and rake) were used to compute traveltimes and polarities of waveforms. Correcting normal moveout times and polarities and stacking all waveforms, the ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], strike, dip, and rake) combination that gave the strongest stacking power was identified as the optimal solution. Compared with the traditional source scanning algorithm (SSA) that only scanned source locations, this algorithm was thereby called the joint source scanning algorithm (jSSA). The jSSA method was tested rigorously, and it was applied to a hydraulic fracturing data set. Our work determined several advantages against the SSA method: (1) The jSSA method could identify many shear sources that could not be detected by the SSA method due to polarity variation; (2) the jSSA almost always yielded more events than the SSA method, and the added events could often provide much better characterization of the hydraulic fracturing; (3) the statistics of source mechanisms could provide additional knowledge on the orientation of fractures, as well as the local and regional stress and strain field; and (4) for those events that were detected by both methods, the stacking power of jSSA was always higher than that obtained in SSA.
Postrift depositional evolution and sequence stratigraphy from offshore subsurface data of the Kribi-Campo subbasin (Cameroon, West African margin)
Authors: Iboum Kissaaka Joseph Bertrand , Ntamak-Nida Joseph Marie , Mvondo François , Fowe Kwetche Paul Gustave , Djomeni Nitcheu Adrien Lamire , Abolo Guy Martin 
Published: February 2016

Using 2D seismic data and well logs from the Kribi-Campo subbasin in the south Cameroon margin, we have analyzed the postrift succession with the aim of deriving a chronostratigraphic chart and identifying stratigraphic traps. The Kribi-Campo subbasin related to the rifting between Africa and South America could be divided into a structurally complex eastern depocenter and a relatively less disturbed western depocenter in which a break-up unconformity approximately 107.5 Ma underlined the beginning of postrift history. We have used the modern concepts of sequence stratigraphy to identify and characterize seven second-order (SS1, SS2, SS3, SS4, SS5, SS6, and SS7) sequences and one third-order (SS8) sequences grouped into three megasequences (A, B, and C) from Albian to Recent. Sequence 1 (Albian-Cenomanian) was characterized by a retrogradation overlying a lowstand progradational pattern. The SS2 (Campanian-Maastrichtian) and SS3 (Maastrichtian) sequences were deposited during a highstand normal regression. From Paleocene to Eocene, the deposition of sequences SS4–SS5 was controlled by the development of submarine fan turbiditic system related to a forced regression of coastline. From the Middle Miocene to Recent age, the SS6, SS7, and SS8 sequences have been characterized by the development of sigmoidal-oblique clinoforms of a deltaic system well observed in the northern part of the study area. We have studied a new undocumented phase of forced regression of Mio-Pliocene in age within the postrift sequence SS7. The forced regression phases are associated with the Paleogene and Neogene uplift. Relative sea-level curves were constructed and compared with the existing published curves. The processes involved in the formation of these sequences were interpreted as a combination of tectonics, sediment supply, and sea-level changes. Potential reservoirs embedded within the sequences include channel fill, shingled turbidites, slope fan, and basin-floor fan complex.
Effect of n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Microsomal P450 Steroidogenic Enzyme Activities and In Vitro Cortisol Production in Adrenal Tissue From Yorkshire Boars
Authors: Xie Xuemei , Wang Xudong , Mick Gail J. , Kabarowski Janusz H. , Wilson Landon Shay , Barnes Stephen , Walcott Gregory P. , Luo Xiaoping , McCormick Kenneth 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDysregulation of adrenal glucocorticoid production is increasingly recognized to play a supportive role in the metabolic syndrome although the mechanism is ill defined. The adrenal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, CYP17 and CYP21, are essential for glucocorticoid synthesis. The omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may ameliorate metabolic syndrome, but it is unknown whether they have direct actions on adrenal CYP steroidogenic enzymes. The aim of this study was to determine whether PUFA modify adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis using isolated porcine microsomes. The enzyme activities of CYP17, CYP21, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH), and CYP2E1 were measured in intact microsomes treated with fatty acids of disparate saturated bonds. Cortisol production was measured in a cell-free in vitro model. Microsomal lipid composition after arachidonic acid (AA) exposure was determined by sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra-mass spectrometry. Results showed that adrenal microsomal CYP21 activity was decreased by docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid, α-linolenic acid, AA, and linoleic acid, and CYP17 activity was inhibited by DPA, DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid, and AA. Inhibition was associated with the number of the PUFA double bonds. Similarly, cortisol production in vitro was decreased by DPA, DHA, and AA. Endoplasmic enzymes with intraluminal activity were unaffected by PUFA. In microsomes exposed to AA, the level of AA or oxidative metabolites of AA in the membrane was not altered. In conclusion, these observations suggest that omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA, especially those with 2 or more double bonds (DPA, DHA, and AA), impede adrenal glucocorticoid production.
FRET analysis using sperm-activating peptides tagged with fluorescent proteins reveals that ligand-binding sites exist as clusters
Authors: Arcos-Hernández César , Romero Francisco , Sánchez-Guevara Yoloxochitl , Beltrán Carmen , Nishigaki Takuya 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Long-range cellular communication between the sperm and egg is critical for external fertilization. Sperm-activating peptides (SAPs) are diffusible components of the outer layer of eggs in echinoderms, and function as chemoattractants for spermatozoa. The decapeptide named speract is the best-characterized sea urchin SAP. Biochemical and physiological actions of speract have been studied with purified or chemically synthesized peptides. In this work, we prepared recombinant speract fused to a fluorescent protein (FP; FP-speract) using three color variants: a cyan (eCFP), a yellow (mVenus) and a large Stokes shift yellow (mAmetrine) FP. Although these fluorescence tags are 20 times larger than speract, competitive binding experiments using mAmetrine-speract revealed that this FP-speract has binding affinity to the receptor that is comparable (7.6-fold less) to that of non-labeled speract. Indeed, 10 nmol l−1 eCFP-speract induces physiological sperm responses such as membrane potential changes and increases in intracellular pH and Ca2+ concentrations similar to those triggered by 10 nmol l−1 speract. Furthermore, FP-speract maintains its fluorescence upon binding to its receptor. Using this property, we performed fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements with eCFP-speract and mVenus-speract as probes and obtained a positive FRET signal upon binding to the receptor, which suggests that the speract receptor exists as an oligomer, at least as a dimer, or alternatively that a single speract receptor protein possesses multiple binding sites. This property could partially account for the positive and/or negative cooperative binding of speract to the receptor.
Warm acclimation improves hypoxia tolerance in Fundulus heteroclitus
Authors: McBryan Tara L. , Healy Timothy M. , Haakons Kristen L. , Schulte Patricia M. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Human activities are increasing both the frequency of hypoxic episodes and the mean temperature of aquatic ecosystems, but few studies have considered the possibility that acclimation to one of these stressors could improve the ability to cope with the other stressor. Here, we used Atlantic killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, to test this hypothesis. Hypoxia tolerance was measured as time to loss of equilibrium in hypoxia (LOEhyp) at 0.4 kPa oxygen. Time to LOEhyp declined from 73.3±6.9 min at 15°C to 2.6±3.8 min at 23°C, and at 30°C no fish could withstand this level of hypoxia. Prior acclimation to warm temperatures significantly increased time to LOEhyp. Hypoxia tolerance of the southern subspecies of killifish, F. heteroclitus heteroclitus, was greater than that of the northern subspecies, F. heteroclitus macrolepidotus, measured both as critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) and as time to LOEhyp. Warm acclimation offset the negative effects of temperature on time to LOEhyp to a similar extent in the two subspecies. Warm acclimation increased total lamellar surface area of the gill in both subspecies as a result of regression of an interlamellar cell mass (ILCM). However, differences in total lamellar surface area could not explain differences in time to LOEhyp between the subspecies, suggesting that the lower time to LOEhyp of northern fish is related to their higher routine metabolic rate. These data suggest that thermal plasticity in gill morphology can improve the capacity of this species to tolerate hypoxia, and shows how existing plasticity may help organisms to cope with the complex interacting stressors that they will encounter with increasing frequency as our climate changes.
O direito administrativo no sistema de base romanística e de common law
Authors: Azevedo Neto Floriano Marques de 
Published: February 2016

O texto procura situar o atual estado da arte do direito administrativo no que concerne às suas fontes inspiradoras, partindo da clássica dicotomia entre os sistemas jurídicos romano-germânico e anglo-saxão. Com base nas raízes históricas e no desenvolvimento de ambas as famílias do direito ocidental, aponta a existência de gradual aproximação de ambos os sistemas, com adoções recíprocas de instrumentos de controle e exercício da autoridade, de promoção de liberdades e de organização da atividade jurisdicional. O trabalho analisa as influências dos sistemas romanístico e de common law sobre o direito administrativo brasileiro, concluindo ser este fruto de um sincretismo enriquecedor, movimento tido como tendência nos ordenamentos jurídicos contemporâneos. Brazilian administrative law: under the influence of common law and civil law This paper seeks to describe the current state of the art of administrative law concerning its inspiring sources, considering initially the classical dichotomy between the Roman-Germanic and the Anglo-Saxon legal systems. Based on the historical roots and development of both legal families of the Western Law, points to the existence of a gradual rapprochement of both systems, by means of reciprocal adoption of instruments of control and exercise of authority, promotion of liberties and organization of judicial activity. The paper analyzes the influences of Roman and Common Law systems on the Brazilian administrative law, concluding that it is a result of an enriching syncretism, as a part of a movement which is a trend in contemporary legal systems.
A transferência de outorgas de radiodifusão e a comercialização de tempo de programação
Authors: Araújo Bráulio Santos Rabelo de 
Published: February 2016

No sistema brasileiro de radiodifusão, há duas formas frequentes de comercialização de outorgas de rádio e TV que suscitam questionamentos quanto à sua constitucionalidade e legalidade. São elas as transferências diretas e indiretas de concessões e permissões e a comercialização de tempo de programação, ampliada, nos últimos anos, em razão da expansão dos contratos de arrendamento de emissoras de rádio e TV. O presente artigo examina a licitude dessas práticas mediante a exposição e a análise da regulamentação constitucional e infraconstitucional do setor e o cotejo da doutrina e dos precedentes jurisprudenciais que já se manifestaram de forma não consensual sobre o tema. A análise resulta na conclusão de que as transferências diretas e indiretas de outorgas de radiodifusão e a comercialização de tempo de programação acima do limite legal de 25% violam normas constitucionais e infraconstitucionais que regulamentam o serviço. The transfer of broadcasting licenses and the trading of programming time In the Brazilian broadcasting system, there are two frequent mechanisms for the trading of broadcasting licenses that raise questions about their constitutionality and legality. They are the direct and indirect transfer of broadcasting licenses and the trading of programming time, which were increased in recent years, due to the expansion of the lease of radio and TV stations. This article examines the lawfulness of these practices through exposure and analysis of the sectors’ constitutional and infra-constitutional regulation and the confrontation of doctrine and legal precedents that have already been voiced in a non-consensual manner on the subject matter. The analysis results in the conclusion that the direct and indirect transfer of broadcasting licenses and the trading of programming time over the legal limit of 25% violate constitutional and infra-constitutional rules governing the service.