bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blazar Jets Perturbed by Magneto-gravitational Stresses in Supermassive Binaries
Authors: Cavaliere A. , Tavani M. , Vittorini V. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We study particle acceleration and radiative processes in blazar jets under recurring conditions set by gravitational perturbations in supermassive binary systems. We consider the action from a companion orbiting a primary black hole of

, and perturbing its relativistic jet. We discuss how such conditions induce repetitive magneto-hydrodynamic stresses along the jet, and affect its inner electron acceleration and radiative processes. Specifically, we study how macroscopic perturbations related to increased jet “magnetization” end up in higher radiative outputs in the optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray bands. We first find an increase in magnetic field strength, as gauged in the optical band from the synchrotron emission of electrons accelerated in kinetic processes stimulated by reconnecting magnetic lines. The energetic electrons then proceed to up-scatter the synchrotron photons to GeV energies after the canonical synchrotron self-Compton radiation process. Our model implies a specific recurring pattern in the optical to gamma-ray emissions, made of high peaks and wide troughs. Progressing accelerations caused by spreading reconnections will produce an additional synchrotron keV component. Such outbursts provide a diagnostics for enhanced acceleration of electrons, which can up-scatter photons into the TeV range. We discuss how our model applies to the BL Lac object PG 1553+113, arguably the best candidate to now for high amplitude, recurring modulations in its gamma-ray emissions. We also consider other BL Lacs showing correlated keV–TeV radiations such as Mrk 421.
Sparse Bayesian Inference and the Temperature Structure of the Solar Corona
Authors: Warren Harry P. , Byers Jeff M. , Crump Nicholas A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Measuring the temperature structure of the solar atmosphere is critical to understanding how it is heated to high temperatures. Unfortunately, the temperature of the upper atmosphere cannot be observed directly, but must be inferred from spectrally resolved observations of individual emission lines that span a wide range of temperatures. Such observations are “inverted” to determine the distribution of plasma temperatures along the line of sight. This inversion is ill posed and, in the absence of regularization, tends to produce wildly oscillatory solutions. We introduce the application of sparse Bayesian inference to the problem of inferring the temperature structure of the solar corona. Within a Bayesian framework a preference for solutions that utilize a minimum number of basis functions can be encoded into the prior and many ad hoc assumptions can be avoided. We demonstrate the efficacy of the Bayesian approach by considering a test library of 40 assumed temperature distributions.
Molecular Environments of Three Large Supernova Remnants in the Third Galactic Quadrant: G205.5+0.5, G206.9+2.3, and G213.0–0.6
Authors: Su Yang , Zhou Xin , Yang Ji , Chen Xuepeng , Chen Yang , Liu Yi , Wang Hongchi , Li Chong , Zhang Shaobo 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present CO observations toward three large supernova remnants (SNRs) in the third Galactic quadrant using the Purple Mountain Observatory Delingha 13.7 m millimeter-wavelength telescope. The observations are part of the high-resolution CO survey of the Galactic plane between Galactic longitudes

to

and latitudes

to

. CO emission was detected toward the three SNRs: G205.5+0.5 (Monoceros Nebula), G206.9+2.3 (PKS 0646+06), and G213.0–0.6. Both SNRs G205.5+0.5 and G213.0–0.6 exhibit the morphological agreement (or spatial correspondences) between the remnant and the surrounding molecular clouds (MCs), as well as kinematic signatures of shock perturbation in the molecular gas. We confirm that the two SNRs are physically associated with their ambient MCs and the shock of SNRs is interacting with the dense, clumpy molecular gas. SNR G206.9+2.3, which is close to the northeastern edge of the Monoceros Nebula, displays the spatial coincidence with molecular partial shell structures at V
LSR ∼ 15 km s−1. While no significant line broadening has been detected within or near the remnant, the strong morphological correspondence between the SNR and the molecular cavity implies that SNR G206.9+2.3 is probably associated with the CO gas and is evolving in the low-density environment. The physical features of individual SNRs, together with the relationship between SNRs and their nearby objects, are also discussed.
1. L’engagement dans l’entrepreneuriat des créateurs de startups
Authors: Grossetti Michel 
Published: February 2017

Cet article défend une perspective dans laquelle l’engagement des personnes dans l’entrepreneuriat est plus une question de circonstances que de caractéristiques individuelles. Il utilise pour cela les résultats d’une enquête portant sur le processus de création de 97 entreprises considérées par les pouvoirs publics comme innovantes (des « startups »).
2. L’entrepreneuriat, une histoire française
Authors: Marchesnay Michel 
Published: February 2017

Trois figures historiques ont marqué la création et la formation de la figure de l’entrepreneur en France entre le xviii e et le xix e siècle. Il s’agit tout d’abord de celle de Richard Cantillon, qui théorise et représente la figure de « l’entrepreneur aventurier », qui prend des risques pour mener à bien son activité et reçoit des « gages incertains ». Puis de Jean-Baptiste Say, qui marque une vision plus libérale, théorique et innovante de l’entrepreneur, qui doit produire, non seulement pour les plus riches, mais aussi pour le plus grand nombre. Enfin, Jean-Antoine Chaptal représente les débuts de la « Noblesse d’État », qui sera décrite plus tard par Pierre Bourdieu.
10. Nouvelles formes d’entrepreneuriat et organisation : le « bon esprit » du capitalisme
Authors: Taupin Benjamin 
Published: February 2017

Ce chapitre se réfère au nouvel esprit du capitalisme décrit par Boltanski et Chiapello pour dessiner à grands traits les contours d’une nouvelle forme d’organisation caractérisant les entreprises contemporaines. Tout en prolongeant les travaux des deux sociologues, l’étude conduit à distinguer la forme actuellement observée de l’analyse du « nouvel esprit », pour cerner une configuration d’organisation qui tire sa légitimité d’une approche managériale reposant sur la promesse de l’anticonformisme, du « fun » et de l’autonomie, qualifiée de « bon esprit » du capitalisme. Son originalité tient à ce qu’elle permet d’attribuer à l’implication totale des salariés un degré de légitimité sans précédent.
L’énigme de Delphes  : Vassilis Alexakis lecteur de Plutarque
Authors: Ballabriga Alain 
Published: February 2017

Dans le roman de Vassilis Alexakis intitulé La langue maternelle (Paris, 1995), le narrateur, un Grec vivant à Paris, quoique très ignorant en matière d’études grecques, décide d’enquêter sur une énigme de Delphes  : que signifiait la lettre epsilon devant le temple d’Apollon  ? Cette enquête l’amène à lire Plutarque et à faire des recherches d’érudition, tout en gardant un ton détaché, voire satirique à l’égard du culte de l’antiquité chez les Grecs.
Sex Drives Dimorphic Immune Responses to Viral Infections
Authors: Ghosh Soumitra , Klein Robyn S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNew attention to sexual dimorphism in normal mammalian physiology and disease has uncovered a previously unappreciated breadth of mechanisms by which females and males differentially exhibit quantitative phenotypes. Thus, in addition to the established modifying effects of hormones, which prenatally and postpubertally pattern cells and tissues in a sexually dimorphic fashion, sex differences are caused by extragonadal and dosage effects of genes encoded on sex chromosomes. Sex differences in immune responses, especially during autoimmunity, have been studied predominantly within the context of sex hormone effects. More recently, immune response genes have been localized to sex chromosomes themselves or found to be regulated by sex chromosome genes. Thus, understanding how sex impacts immunity requires the elucidation of complex interactions among sex hormones, sex chromosomes, and immune response genes. In this Brief Review, we discuss current knowledge and new insights into these intricate relationships in the context of viral infections.
A strange case of Malaria in a Nigerian native boy.
Authors: Magro Paola , Izzo Ilaria , Saccani Barbara , Casari Salvatore , Caligaris Silvio , Tomasoni Lina Rachele , Matteelli Alberto , Lombardi Annamaria , Meini Antonella , Castelli Francesco 
Published: February 2017

The protective role of SCT in malaria endemic areas has been proved and prevalence of HbS gene in malaria endemic areas is high. Splenic infarction is a well-known complication of SCT, rarely associated with malaria. A Nigerian boy was admitted to our ward after returning from his country of origin, for P. falciparum malaria. He underwent abdominal US for upper right abdominal pain, showing cholecystitis and multiple splenic abscesses. Empiric antibiotic therapy was undertaken. Bartonella, Echinococcus, Entamoeba serologies, blood cultures, Quantiferon test, coproparasitologic exam were negative; endocarditis was excluded. He underwent further blood exams and abdomen MRI, confirming the presence of signal alterations areas, with radiographic appearance of recent post-infarction outcomes. Hemoglobin electrophoresis showed a percentage of HbS of 40.6% and a diagnosis of SCT was made.Splenic infarction should be taken into account in patients with malaria and localized abdominal pain. Moreover, diagnosis of SCT should be considered.
Getting what they need when they need it
Authors: Werner Nicole , Stanislawski Barbara , Marx Katherine , Watkins Daphne , Kobayashi Marissa , Kales Helen , Gitlin Laura 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackground: Consumer health informatics (CHI) such as web-based applications may provide the platform for enabling the over 15 million family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s Disease or related dementias the information they need when they need it to support behavioral symptom management. However, for CHI to be successful, it is necessary that it be designed to meet the specific information needs of family caregivers in the context in which caregiving occurs. A sociotechnical systems approach to CHI design can help to understand the contextual complexities of family caregiving and account for those complexities in the design of CHI for family caregivers. Objectives: This study used a sociotechnical systems approach to identify barriers to meeting care-givers’ information needs related to the management of dementia-related behavioral symptoms, and to derive design implications that overcome barriers for caregiver-focused web-based platforms. We have subsequently used these design implications to inform the development of a web-based platform, WeCareAdvisor,TM which provides caregivers with information and an algorithm by which to identify and manage behavioral symptoms for which they seek management strategies.Methods: We conducted 4 focus groups with family caregivers (N=26) in a Midwestern state. Qualitative content analysis of the data was guided by a sociotechnical systems framework. Results: We identified nine categories of barriers that family caregivers confront in obtaining needed information about behavioral symptom management from which we extrapolated design implications for a web-based platform. Based on interactions within the sociotechnical system, three critical information needs were identified: 1) timely access to information, 2) access to information that is tailored or specific to caregiver’s needs and contexts, and 3) usable information that can directly inform how caregivers’ manage behaviors.Conclusions: The sociotechnical system framework is a useful approach for identifying information needs of family caregivers to inform design of web-based platforms that are user-centered.
Five-year records of mercury wet deposition flux at GMOS sites in the Northern and Southern hemispheres
Authors: Sprovieri Francesca , Pirrone Nicola , Bencardino Mariantonia , D'Amore Francesco , Angot Helene , Barbante Carlo , Brunke Ernst-Günther , Arcega-Cabrera Flor , Cairns Warren , Comero Sara , Diéguez María del Carmen , Dommergue Aurélien , Ebinghaus Ralf , Feng Xin Bin , Fu Xuewu , Garcia Patricia Elizabeth , Gawlik Bernd Manfred , Hageström Ulla , Hansson Katarina , Horvat Milena , Kotnik Jože , Labuschagne Casper , Magand Olivier , Martin Lynwill , Mashyanov Nikolay , Mkololo Thumeka , Munthe John , Obolkin Vladimir , Ramirez Islas Martha , Sena Fabrizio , Somerset Vernon , Spandow Pia , Vardè Massimiliano , Walters Chavon , Wängberg Ingvar , Weigelt Andreas , Yang Xu , Zhang Hui 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The atmospheric deposition of mercury (Hg) occurs via several mechanisms, including dry and wet scavenging by precipitation events. In an effort to understand the atmospheric cycling and seasonal depositional characteristics of Hg, wet deposition samples were collected for approximately 5 years at 17 selected GMOS monitoring sites located in the Northern and Southern hemispheres in the framework of the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project. Total mercury (THg) exhibited annual and seasonal patterns in Hg wet deposition samples. Interannual differences in total wet deposition are mostly linked with precipitation volume, with the greatest deposition flux occurring in the wettest years. This data set provides a new insight into baseline concentrations of THg concentrations in precipitation worldwide, particularly in regions such as the Southern Hemisphere and tropical areas where wet deposition as well as atmospheric Hg species were not investigated before, opening the way for future and additional simultaneous measurements across the GMOS network as well as new findings in future modeling studies.
Multi-model simulations of aerosol and ozone radiative forcing due to anthropogenic emission changes during the period 1990–2015
Authors: Myhre Gunnar , Aas Wenche , Cherian Ribu , Collins William , Faluvegi Greg , Flanner Mark , Forster Piers , Hodnebrog Øivind , Klimont Zbigniew , Lund Marianne T. , Mülmenstädt Johannes , Lund Myhre Cathrine , Olivié Dirk , Prather Michael , Quaas Johannes , Samset Bjørn H. , Schnell Jordan L. , Schulz Michael , Shindell Drew , Skeie Ragnhild B. , Takemura Toshihiko , Tsyro Svetlana 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Over the past few decades, the geographical distribution of emissions of substances that alter the atmospheric energy balance has changed due to economic growth and air pollution regulations. Here, we show the resulting changes to aerosol and ozone abundances and their radiative forcing using recently updated emission data for the period 1990–2015, as simulated by seven global atmospheric composition models. The models broadly reproduce large-scale changes in surface aerosol and ozone based on observations (e.g. −1 to −3 % yr−1 in aerosols over the USA and Europe). The global mean radiative forcing due to ozone and aerosol changes over the 1990–2015 period increased by +0.17 ± 0.08 W m−2, with approximately one-third due to ozone. This increase is more strongly positive than that reported in IPCC AR5. The main reasons for the increased positive radiative forcing of aerosols over this period are the substantial reduction of global mean SO2 emissions, which is stronger in the new emission inventory compared to that used in the IPCC analysis, and higher black carbon emissions.
Calving localization at Helheim Glacier using multiple local seismic stations
Authors: Mei M. Jeffrey , Holland David M. , Anandakrishnan Sridhar , Zheng Tiantian 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. A multiple-station technique for localizing glacier calving events is applied to Helheim Glacier in southeastern Greenland. The difference in seismic-wave arrival times between each pairing of four local seismometers is used to generate a locus of possible event origins in the shape of a hyperbola. The intersection of the hyperbolas provides an estimate of the calving location. This method is used as the P and S waves are not distinguishable due to the proximity of the local seismometers to the event and the emergent nature of calving signals. We find that the seismic waves that arrive at the seismometers are dominated by surface (Rayleigh) waves. The surface-wave velocity for Helheim Glacier is estimated using a grid search with 11 calving events identified at Helheim from August 2014 to August 2015. From this, a catalogue of 11 calving locations is generated, showing that calving preferentially happens at the northern end of Helheim Glacier.
PERFIL DE UTILIZAÇÃO DE ANTICONCEPCIONAL DE EMERGÊNCIA EM SERVIÇOS DE ATENDIMENTO FARMACÊUTICO DE UMA REDE DE FARMÁCIAS COMUNITÁRIAS
Authors: Cavalcante Márcio De Souza , Soares Marília Almeida , Feijó Cristiane Macêdo , De França Fonteles Marta Maria 
Published: February 2017

A contracepção de emergência é um método utilizado para prevenir a gravidez após a relação sexual desprotegida. O fácil acesso a esse método, sem nenhuma orientação, levanta preocupações em relação ao seu uso, principalmente no que diz respeito a uma possível substituição de um método contraceptivo regular por este, bem como pelo seu uso, em sua maioria, pelos adolescentes, e por generalização do uso repetitivo. Este estudo propôs avaliar o nível de conhecimento das mulheres usuárias, ou que tinham intenção de uso, do contraceptivo de emergência conhecido como ‘pílula do dia seguinte’, permitindo um melhor acompanhamento da sua utilização, e disponibilização de dados farmacoepidemiológicos úteis para promoção do uso racional desse medicamento. Mulheres usuárias, ou que tinham intenção de uso, da pílula foram convidadas a participar da pesquisa sobre uso de contraceptivo de emergência. Foi aplicado um questionário e os dados foram incluídos em um programa estatístico específico. No total, foram realizadas 74 entrevistas, sendo 54 em um Serviço de Atendimento Farmacêutico, por telefone, ao cliente/consumidor, de uma rede de farmácias comunitárias, e 20 entrevistas aplicadas para clientes, no momento da dispensação do contraceptivo, em uma das filiais dessa Rede. A maioria das entrevistadas pretendia fazer uso ou utilizar contraceptivo de emergência sem orientação/prescrição médica. Estas relataram que obtiveram informações sobre esse medicamento através de amigos, familiares e da mídia (televisão, internet). A maioria informou ter utilizado o contraceptivo de emergência uma ou duas vezes. Um dos principais motivos para justificar a utilização da pílula do dia seguinte foi o sexo desprotegido. Nossos achados alertam para que se tenha uma maior preocupação em relação à possibilidade de uso indevido desse medicamento, e seu fácil acesso nas farmácias comunitárias.
Palavras- chave:
1.	Contraceptivo de emergência
2.	Farmácia comunitária
3.	Serviço de Atendimento farmacêutico
Using visuo-kinetic virtual reality to induce illusory spinal movement: the MoOVi Illusion
Authors: Harvie Daniel S. , Smith Ross T. , Hunter Estin V. , Davis Miles G. , Sterling Michele , Moseley G. Lorimer 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundIllusions that alter perception of the body provide novel opportunities to target brain-based contributions to problems such as persistent pain. One example of this, mirror therapy, uses vision to augment perceived movement of a painful limb to treat pain. Since mirrors can’t be used to induce augmented neck or other spinal movement, we aimed to test whether such an illusion could be achieved using virtual reality, in advance of testing its potential therapeutic benefit. We hypothesised that perceived head rotation would depend on visually suggested movement.MethodIn a within-subjects repeated measures experiment, 24 healthy volunteers performed neck movements to 50oof rotation, while a virtual reality system delivered corresponding visual feedback that was offset by a factor of 50%–200%—the Motor Offset Visual Illusion (MoOVi)—thus simulating more or less movement than that actually occurring. At 50oof real-world head rotation, participants pointed in the direction that they perceived they were facing. The discrepancy between actual and perceived direction was measured and compared between conditions. The impact of including multisensory (auditory and visual) feedback, the presence of a virtual body reference, and the use of 360oimmersive virtual reality with and without three-dimensional properties, was also investigated.ResultsPerception of head movement was dependent on visual-kinaesthetic feedback (p = 0.001, partial eta squared = 0.17). That is, altered visual feedback caused a kinaesthetic drift in the direction of the visually suggested movement. The magnitude of the drift was not moderated by secondary variables such as the addition of illusory auditory feedback, the presence of a virtual body reference, or three-dimensionality of the scene.DiscussionVirtual reality can be used to augment perceived movement and body position, such that one can perform a small movement, yet perceive a large one. The MoOVi technique tested here has clear potential for assessment and therapy of people with spinal pain.
A statistical study on the F2 layer vertical variation during nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances
Authors: Ssessanga Nicholas , Kim Yong Ha , Jeong Se‐Heon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA statistical study on the relationship between the perturbation component (ΔTEC (total electron content)) and the F2 layer peak height (hmF2) during nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances is presented. The results are obtained by using a time‐dependent computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) technique. This was realized by using slant total electron content observations from a dense Global Positioning System receiver network over Japan (with more than 1000 receivers), together with a multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique. Reconstructions from CIT were validated by using ionosonde and occultation measurements. A total of 36 different time snapshots of the ionosphere when medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) were eminent were analyzed. These were obtained from a data set covering years from 2011 to 2014. The reconstructed surface wavefronts of ΔTEC and hmF2 structure were found to be aligned along the northwest‐southeast direction. These results confirm that nighttime MSTIDs are driven by electrodynamic forces related to Perkins instability which explains the northwest‐southeast wavefront alignment based on the F region electrodynamics. Furthermore, from the statistical analysis hmF2 varied quasiperiodically in altitude with dominant peak‐to‐peak amplitudes between 10 and 40 km. In addition, ΔTEC and hmF2 were 60% anticorrelated.