bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precipitation-Top Heights of Heavy Orographic Rainfall in the Asian Monsoon Region
Authors: Shige Shoichi , Kummerow Christian D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Over coastal mountain ranges of the Asian monsoon region, heavy orographic rainfall is frequently associated with low precipitation-top heights (PTHs). This leads to conspicuous underestimation of rainfall using microwave radiometer algorithms, which conventionally assume that heavy rainfall is associated with high PTHs. Although topographically forced upward motion is important for rainfall occurrence, it does not fully constrain precipitation profiles in this region. This paper focuses on the thermodynamic characteristics of the atmosphere that determine PTHs in tropical coastal mountains of Asia (Western Ghats, Arakan Yoma, Bilauktaung, Cardamom, Annam Range, and the Philippines).
PTHs of heavy orographic rainfall generally decrease with enhanced low- and midlevel relative humidity, especially during the summer monsoon. In contrast, PTHs over the Annam Range of the Indochina Peninsula increase with enhanced low-level and midlevel relative humidity during the transition from boreal summer to winter monsoon, demonstrating that convection depth is not simply a function of humidity. Instead, PTHs of heavy orographic rainfall decreased with increasing low-level stability for all monsoon regions considered in this study, as well as the Annam Range during the transition from boreal summer to winter monsoon. Therefore, low-level static stability, which inhibits cloud growth and promotes cloud detrainment, appears to be the most important parameter in determining PTHs of heavy rainfall in the Asian monsoon region.
A Climatology of Clouds in Marine Cold Air Outbreaks in Both Hemispheres
Authors: Fletcher Jennifer K. , Mason Shannon , Jakob Christian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA climatology of clouds within marine cold air outbreaks, primarily using long-term satellite observations, is presented. Cloud properties between cold air outbreaks in different regions in both hemispheres are compared. In all regions marine cold air outbreak clouds tend to be low level with high cloud fraction and low-to-moderate optical thickness. Stronger cold air outbreaks have clouds that are optically thicker, but not geometrically thicker, than those in weaker cold air outbreaks. There is some evidence that clouds deepen and break up over the course of a cold air outbreak event. The top-of-the-atmosphere longwave cloud radiative effect in cold air outbreaks is small because the clouds have low tops. However, their surface longwave cloud radiative effect is considerably larger. The rarity of cold air outbreaks in summer limits their shortwave cloud radiative effect. They do not contribute substantially to global shortwave cloud radiative effect and are, therefore, unlikely to be a major source of shortwave cloud radiative effect errors in climate models.
The Independence and Interdependence of Coacting Observers in Regard to Performance Efficiency, Workload, and Stress in a Vigilance Task
Authors: Funke Gregory J. , Warm Joel S. , Baldwin Carryl L. , Garcia Andre , Funke Matthew E. , Dillard Michael B. , Finomore Victor S. , Matthews Gerald , Greenlee Eric T. 
Published: May 2016

Objective We investigated performance, workload, and stress in groups of paired observers who performed a vigilance task in a coactive (independent) manner. Background Previous studies have demonstrated that groups of coactive observers detect more signals in a vigilance task than observers working alone. Therefore, the use of such groups might be effective in enhancing signal detection in operational situations. However, concern over appearing less competent than one’s cohort might induce elevated levels of workload and stress in coactive group members and thereby undermine group performance benefits. Accordingly, we performed the initial experiment comparing workload and stress in observers who performed a vigilance task coactively with those of observers who performed the vigilance task alone. Method Observers monitored a video display for collision flight paths in a simulated unmanned aerial vehicle control task. Self-reports of workload and stress were secured via the NASA-Task Load Index and the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire, respectively. Results Groups of coactive observers detected significantly more signals than did single observers. Coacting observers did not differ significantly from those operating by themselves in terms of workload but did in regard to stress; posttask distress was significantly lower for coacting than for single observers. Conclusion Performing a visual vigilance task in a coactive manner with another observer does not elevate workload above that of observers working alone and serves to attenuate the stress associated with vigilance task performance. Application The use of coacting observers could be an effective vehicle for enhancing performance efficiency in operational vigilance.
From the Neoliberal State to a Neo-National Development in Northwestern Argentina
Authors: Weinberg Marina 
Published: May 2016

While much has been written on indigenous policy in Bolivia and Ecuador, the indigenous presence in the Argentine experience has been largely overlooked, perhaps because of the strong state-led homogenizing tradition that has obscured the country’s multiethnic character. A study of state formation and indigenous policy in northwestern Argentina focused on the Programa Social Agropecuario, launched during the 1990s, and its replacement, the Secretaría de Agricultura Familiar, established in 2006 under a new political model, shows an opening up of opportunities for indigenous organizations. At the same time, a private sector with excessive power persists. Strategies targeting the indigenous as a group have been useful for reversing the devastating effects of 1990s neoliberalism, but the formal incorporation of indigenous people into the state’s structure risks the loss of their political and historical particularities. Si bien se ha escrito mucho sobre las políticas indígenas en Bolivia y en el Ecuador, la presencia indígena en la experiencia argentina ha sido en gran medida ignorada, quizás debido a la fuerte tradición homogeneizadora que, dirigida por el estado, oculta el carácter multiétnico del país. Un estudio sobre la formación del estado y política indígena en el noroeste de Argentina, usando como ejemplos el Programa Social Agropecuario (que fue lanzado en la década de los 90) y su sustituto, la Secretaría de Agricultura Familiar (que fue establecida en 2006 bajo un nuevo modelo político) muestra una apertura de oportunidades para las organizaciones indígenas. Al mismo tiempo, persiste un sector privado con un poder excesivo. Las estrategias dirigidas a los indígenas como grupo han sido útiles para revertir los efectos devastadores del neoliberalismo de la década de los 90, pero la incorporación formal de las comunidades indígenas a la estructura del estado trae el riesgo de la pérdida de las particularidades políticas e históricas de esas comunidades.
Nurses’ attitudes towards euthanasia in conflict with professional ethical guidelines
Authors: Terkamo-Moisio Anja , Kvist Tarja , Kangasniemi Mari , Laitila Teuvo , Ryynänen Olli-Pekka , Pietilä Anna-Maija 
Published: May 2016

Background: Despite the significant role of nurses in end-of-life care, their attitudes towards euthanasia are under-represented both in the current literature and the controversial debate that is ongoing in several countries. Research questions: What are the attitudes towards euthanasia among Finnish nurses? Which characteristics are associated with those attitudes? Research design: Cross-sectional web-based survey. Participants and research context: A total of 1003 nurses recruited via the members’ bulletin of the Finnish Nurses Association and social media. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the Committee on Research Ethics of the university to which the authors were affiliated. Findings: The majority (74.3%) of the participants would accept euthanasia as part of Finnish healthcare, and 61.8% considered that Finland would benefit from a law permitting euthanasia. Most of the nurses (89.9%) thought that a person must have the right to decide on his or her own death; 77.4% of them considered it likely that they would themselves make a request for euthanasia in certain situations. Discussion: The value of self-determination and the ability to choose the moment and manner of one’s death are emphasized in the nurses’ attitudes towards euthanasia. Conclusion: A continuous dialogue about euthanasia and nurses’ shared values is crucial due to the conflict between nurses’ attitudes and current ethical guidelines on nursing.
Valproate ameliorates nitroglycerin-induced migraine in trigeminal nucleus caudalis in rats through inhibition of NF-кB
Authors: Li Yuanchao , Zhang Qin , Qi Dandan , Zhang Li , Yi Lian , Li Qianqian , Zhang Zhongling 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background
As a complex nervous system disease, migraine causes severe healthy and social issues worldwide. Valproate (VPA) is a widely used treatment agent against seizures and bipolar disorder, and its function to alleviate damage due to migraine has also been verified in clinical investigations. However, the mechanism underlying the protective effect of VPA against migraine remains poorly revealed. In the current study, the major purpose was to uncover the mechanism which drove VPA to antagonize migraine.

Methods
Nitroglycerin (NTG) was employed to induce a migraine model in rats and the migraine animals were exposed to treatment of VPA of different doses. Thereafter, the levels of indicators related to oxidative stress were measured and used to evaluate the anti-oxidant potential of VPA. The expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and c-Fos was also quantified with ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Western blotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) were conducted to explore the effect of VPA treatment on NF-кB pathway.

Results
NTG induced the activation of oxidative stress and led to migraine in model animals, but pre-treatment with VPA attenuated the damage due to migraine attack in brain tissues. The level of lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced while the prodcution of anti-oxidant factors was restored. Furthermore, expressions of CGRP and c-Fos, which represented the neuronal activation, were also down-regulated by VPA. The results of western blotting and EMSA demonstrated that the above mentioned effect of VPA acted through the inhibition of NF-кB pathway.

Conclusions
Although controversies on the effect of VPA on NF-кB pathway existed, our study revealed an alternative mechanism of VPA in protecting against migraine, which would promote the development of therapeutic strategies of migraine.
DensityMap: a genome viewer for illustrating the densities of features
Authors: Guizard Sébastien , Piégu Benoît , Bigot Yves 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background
Several tools are available for visualizing genomic data. Some, such as Gbrowse and Jbrowse, are very efficient for small genomic regions, but they are not suitable for entire genomes. Others, like Phenogram and CViT, can be used to visualise whole genomes, but are not designed to display very dense genomic features (eg: interspersed repeats). We have therefore developed DensityMap, a lightweight Perl program that can display the densities of several features (genes, ncRNA, cpg, etc.) along chromosomes on the scale of the whole genome. A critical advantage of DensityMap is that it uses GFF annotation files directly to compute the densities of features without needing additional information from the user. The resulting picture is readily configurable, and the colour scales used can be customized for a best fit to the data plotted.

Results
DensityMap runs on Linux architecture with few requirements so that users can easily and quickly visualize the distributions and densities of genomic features for an entire genome. The input is GFF3-formated data representing chromosomes (linkage groups or pseudomolecules) and sets of features which are used to calculate representations in density maps. In practise, DensityMap uses a tilling window to compute the density of one or more features and the number of bases covered by these features along chromosomes. The densities are represented by colour scales that can be customized to highlight critical points. DensityMap can compare the distributions of features; it calculates several chromosomal density maps in a single image, each of which describes a different genomic feature. It can also use the genome nucleotide sequence to compute and plot a density map of the GC content along chromosomes.

Conclusions
DensityMap is a compact, easily-used tool for displaying the distribution and density of all types of genomic features within a genome. It is flexible enough to visualize the densities of several types of features in a single representation. The images produced are readily configurable and their SVG format ensures that they can be edited.
A study of the deterioration of aged parchment marked with laboratory iron gall inks using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and micro hot table
Authors: Boyatzis Stamatis C. , Velivasaki Georgia , Malea Ekaterini 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
A great number of historic manuscripts, drawings, etc., many of which are stored and/or exhibited in museums, archives and various collections contain iron gall inks (IGIs) as base scripting material. Although the severe deterioration effect of IGIs on paper has been recognized and its chemistry has been explored, little focus has been given on IGIs on parchment. A study was designed to investigate laboratory iron gall inks containing ferrous sulphate and gallic acid (LIG formulation) and with added quantities of gum arabic (LIGG formulation). Specimens marked with the above ink types were artificially aged at 80 °C and 80 % RH for up to 32 days. Micro hot table (MHT) thermal analysis showed a decrease in the shrinkage temperatures in inked areas of aged parchment of up to 15.5 °C. Results of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy showed intense migration of sulphate ions from inked spots to neighbouring ink-free areas at the surface of parchment in both ink formulations, also confirmed by SEM microanalysis results. This effect peaked at short-moderate times of artificial ageing, where calcium sulphate was identified and located at the surface of ink-free areas. Moreover, early signs for gelatinization of collagen also resulted from analysis of Amide I and II infrared bands, where the random coil content increased upon ageing as compared to the helical one.
NML-mediated rRNA base methylation links ribosomal subunit formation to cell proliferation in a p53-dependent manner
Authors: Waku Tsuyoshi , Nakajima Yuka , Yokoyama Wataru , Nomura Naoto , Kako Koichiro , Kobayashi Akira , Shimizu Toshiyuki , Fukamizu Akiyoshi 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) act as scaffolds and ribozymes in ribosomes, and these functions are modulated by post-transcriptional modifications. However, the biological role of base methylation, a well-conserved modification of rRNA, is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that a nucleolar factor, nucleomethylin (NML; also known as RRP8), is required for the N1-methyladenosine (m1A) modification in 28S rRNAs of human and mouse cells. NML also contributes to 60S ribosomal subunit formation. Intriguingly, NML depletion increases 60S ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11) levels in the ribosome-free fraction and protein levels of p53 through an RPL11–MDM2 complex, which activates the p53 pathway. Consequently, the growth of NML-depleted cells is suppressed in a p53-dependent manner. These observations reveal a new biological function of rRNA base methylation, which links ribosomal subunit formation to p53-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation in mammalian cells.
Sake, sex and gore: The Japanese zombie film and cult cinema
Authors: Murphy Kayleigh 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Zombie film is a minor, yet growing, sub-genre within Japan’s contemporary horror genre. This article seeks to situate this sub-genre within the context of cult cinema and examine the aesthetic qualities prominent within key Japanese zombie films. Using Mathijs and Mendik’s anatomical categories in conjunction with an exploration of the international marketing and reception of the sub-genre, this article discusses Helldriver (Nishimura, 2011), Zombie Ass: Toilet of the Dead (Iguchi, 2011) and Rape Zombie: Lust of the Dead (Tomomatsu, 2012) as key examples of the sub-genre’s cult designation.
Syndromes of indirect communication: A functional analysis of the static long-take technique in Apichatpong Weerasethakul’s feature films
Authors: Purnama Ari 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This article discusses the functional potentialities of the static long-take application, as an alternative filming method to the coverage approach, in the film-making style of Apichatpong Weerasethakul. By employing stylistic analysis on Sang Sattawat/Syndromes and a Century (2006) and Sud Sanaeha/Blissfully Yours (2002), the study argues that the patterning of the static long-take technique in handling lengthy conversation scenes sacrifice narrational clarity to foreground the expressivity and nuances of interpersonal interaction. An important facet of this expressivity is the deliberation of indirect communication, that is ‘the means in which one meaning is conveyed indirectly through utterances or non-verbal behaviors in order to achieve certain goal, or the means in which one’s intent is revealed in a roundabout way’. But acting more than a creative exercise in the poeticization of human communicative behaviour, this foregrounding of indirect communication opens up a wider socio-historical framework that Apichatpong’s film-making taps into.
The Story of Volund: A translation from the oral to the visual
Authors: Ayiter Elif , Dahlsveen Mimesis Heidi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The Story of Volund from Norse poetry was the foundation of a large-scaled installation in the spring of 2014 in the online virtual world of Second Life®. The installation was created in collaboration between a storyteller and a visual designer, who are also the authors of this text. This article will discuss how the principles of oral storytelling, agency and presence were woven together to bring about a ‘story-world’ in which visitors were able to become both a protagonist and a storyteller through various means and devices that were put at their disposal. This process – both the theoretical considerations that played a role during the formulation of the project as well as the strategies employed during its building – will be examined through a literature review encompassing oral storytelling and its performative aspects, the extension of these into virtual environments, Joseph Campbell’s Hero with a Thousand Faces (1973), and a discussion of the myth of Volund himself.
In control or in their shoes? How character attachment differentially influences video game enjoyment and appreciation
Authors: Bowman Nicholas David , Oliver Mary Beth , Rogers Ryan , Sherrick Brett , Woolley Julia , Chung Mun-Young 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Emerging perspectives in media psychology have begun to focus on enjoyment and appreciation as unique reactions to entertaining media fare. Past work has found that game elements such as gameplay mechanics and game narrative are significantly associated with both feelings – with play mechanics more aligned with enjoyment and narrative more aligned with appreciation. The current study looks to extend this work by establishing associations between elements of character attachment (CA) and both entertainment outcomes. Data from an online survey of gamers randomly assigned to consider enjoyable or meaningful gaming experiences found that an increased recollection of control over one’s in-game avatar was positively associated with enjoyment (not appreciation), and that an increased identification with and sense of responsibility for one’s character were both independently and positively associated with appreciation (not enjoyment).
Selected Aspects of Computer Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Szczecina M. , Winnicki A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract The paper presents some important aspects concerning material constants of concrete and stages of modeling of reinforced concrete structures. The problems taken into account are: a choice of proper material model for concrete, establishing of compressive and tensile behavior of concrete and establishing the values of dilation angle, fracture energy and relaxation time for concrete. Proper values of material constants are fixed in simple compression and tension tests. The effectiveness and correctness of applied model is checked on the example of reinforced concrete frame corners under opening bending moment. Calculations are performed in Abaqus software using Concrete Damaged Plasticity model of concrete.
Analysis of the Correlation between the Static and Fatigue Test Results of the Interlayer Bondings of Asphalt Layers
Authors: Szydło A. , Malicki K. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract The bonding state of the asphalt layers in a road pavement structure significantly affects its fatigue life. These bondings, therefore, require detailed tests and optimization. In this paper, the analyses of the correlation between the results of laboratory static tests and the results of fatigue tests of asphalt mixture interlayer bondings were performed. The existence of the relationships between selected parameters was confirmed. In the future, the results of these analyses may allow for assessment of interlayer bondings’ fatigue life based on the results of quick and relatively easy static tests.
An Analysis of the Decisive Criteria in Formwork Selection Problem
Authors: Krawczyńska-Piechna A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract The present paper concerns a problem of decisive criteria and their order in formwork selection problem. As the factors affecting the choice of exact form work system have been often discussed in literature, their importance has not been distinctly formulated yet, what hampers aiding formwork selection with MCDA methods that require criteria weights (eg.: SAW, TOPSIS etc.). Therefore, author ran a survey - the decisive criteria were recognized and verified within polls send to various contractors. An analysis of survey results including criteria ordering is a subject of the present elaboration.
Sequential extraction procedure for fractionation of Pb and Cr in artificial and contaminated soil
Authors: Qayyum Sadia , Khan Ibrar , Zhao Yangguo , Maqbool Farhana , Peng Changsheng 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMetal contamination of soil is due to mining, manufacturing and use of synthetic products (e.g. pesticides, paints, batteries, industrial waste and industrial or domestic sludge) which is a serious environmental problem. Hence, determining chemical forms of metals in soils is important to evaluate their mobility or bioavailability. Both artificial and contaminated soils were sequentially extracted to fractionate metals into the water soluble fraction (WSF), exchangeable fraction (EF), bound to carbonate fraction, bound to metal oxide fraction, organically bound fraction (OBF) and residual fraction (RF). In the case of contaminated soil, Pb and Cr are found to be associated with the carbonate fraction while in artificial soil, Pb bound to WSF and Cr with the Fe/Mn fraction. Chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and textural classification of concerned soils were also analyzed. Percentage recovery was calculated to check the reliability of processes both in Pb and Cr, and it was found to be more in Cr (66% and 84%) in both artificial and contaminated soil than Pb (5% and 34%) in both soils. Analyses of extracts were carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results were interpreted in terms of environmental mobility or bioavailability of metals.