bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winter Soil Warming Exacerbates the Impacts of Spring Low Temperature Stress on Wheat
Authors: Li X. , Jiang D. , Liu F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe increase in global mean air temperature is likely to affect the soil temperatures in agricultural areas. This study aims to study the effects of winter soil warming on the responses of wheat to low temperature stress in spring. Wheat plants were grown under either normal or increased soil temperature by 2.5 °C for 82 days in winter. The physiological and yield responses of the plants to a 2‐day low temperature stress (4/2 °C in the day/night) at jointing stage were investigated. After exposing to low spring temperature, the plants that had experienced winter soil warming showed lower leaf and root water potential, lower oxygen scavenging capacity and poor photosynthetic performance as compared with the plants grown under normal soil temperature during winter. WL plants had significantly lower sugar content in shoot than the CL plants, which might have contributed to their higher susceptibility to low temperature. In addition, winter soil warming exacerbated the negative effects of low spring temperature on grain yield.
Genetic evidence for central‐marginal hypothesis in a Cenozoic relict tree species across its distribution in China
Authors: Wei Xinzeng , Sork Victoria L. , Meng Hongjie , Jiang Mingxi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimThis study tests predictions of the central‐marginal (C‐M) hypothesis using geographical patterns of genetic variation in a Cenozoic relict tree speciesEuptelea pleiospermum. Additionally, we explore the extent to which post‐glacial recolonization and landscape barriers created by topographical heterogeneity shape spatial genetic variation.LocationSouth‐west and central subtropical China.MethodsUsing microsatellite data of 678 individuals from 21 populations, we documented geographical patterns of genetic diversity and population genetic structure, supplemented with current and past (Last Glacial Maximum,LGM) distributions based on species distribution models (SDMs). Genetic structure was determined by non‐spatial and spatially sensitive Bayesian clustering, analysis of molecular variance, barrier analysis and a multivariate population graphing approach. We also examined both historical and contemporary gene flow.ResultsGenetic diversity significantly declined with distance from centre and showed unimodal patterns along both latitude and longitude. The C‐M pattern of genetic diversity along latitudinal gradient is high‐latitude‐skewed, with the peak at higher portion of the species' latitudinal extent. The Sichuan Basin divided individuals into south and north clusters, whereas the Qinba Mountains did not. The general shape of the predicted distribution during theLGMis strongly similar with that of current distribution, except the Sichuan Basin.Main conclusionsOur study provides genetic evidence for the C‐M hypothesis in a Cenozoic relict tree species across its distribution in China. The Sichuan Basin, rather than the Qinba Mountains, acts as dispersal barrier for a mountain tree species. Our results suggest thatin siturefugia were maintained across southwest and central China during theLGM. The slight post‐glacial northward expansion and asymmetrical south–north historical‐gene flow did not result in a low‐latitude‐skewed C‐M pattern of genetic diversity. Instead, complex topography in combination with the C‐M dispersal dynamics shaped the latitudinal pattern of genetic diversity.
A 2‐year Retrospective Clinical study of Enamic Crowns Performed in a Private Practice Setting
Authors: Chirumamilla Geetika , Goldstein Cary E. , Lawson Nathaniel C. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical performance and survival of Enamic crowns placed in a prosthodontic dental practice.MethodsThirty‐five patients and 45 crowns were included in the study. At 1‐year recall appointments, the restorations were examined for survival. At the 2‐year recall appointment, all restorations were clinically evaluated by an independent evaluator for CDA clinical criteria. Kaplan‐Meier method and a log‐rank test were used to compare the survival of the restorations placed with resin and resin‐modified glass ionomer (RMGI) cements.ResultsOut of the 45 crowns that were followed, 2 were lost to follow‐up by 1 year and 7 were lost to follow‐up by 2 years. Severe complications were observed in 2 teeth by the 2‐year follow‐up and were recorded as failures due to recurrent decay, and an internal crack in the abutment tooth. There was no difference between the survival probability for crowns cemented with resin cement (96.8%) and with RMGI cements (92.9%) (p = 0.42), however, 1 out of the 14 crowns cemented with RMGI cement debonded. The crowns were evaluated according the CDA criteria with over 90% alfa scores for all categories aside from surface texture (86% alfa).ConclusionThe estimated 2‐year survival of Enamic crowns is >90%.Clinical SignificanceBased on the preliminary 2‐year results achieved in a clinical practice, Enamic is a suitable material for full‐coverage single‐unit crowns. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the long term success. (J Esthet Restor Dent 28:231–237, 2016)
Phenotypic Characterization of a Leishmania donovani Cyclophilin 40 Null Mutant
Authors: Yau Wai‐Lok , Lambertz Ulrike , Colineau Lucie , Pescher Pascale , MacDonald Andrea , Zander Dorothea , Retzlaff Silke , Eick Julia , Reiner Neil E. , Clos Joachim , Späth Gerald F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractProtozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania adapt to their arthropod and vertebrate hosts through the development of defined life cycle stages. Stage differentiation is triggered by environmental stress factors and has been linked to parasite chaperone activities. Using a null mutant approach we previously revealed important, nonredundant functions of the cochaperone cyclophilin 40 in L. donovani‐infected macrophages. Here, we characterized in more detail the virulence defect of cyp40−/− null mutants. In vitro viability assays, infection tests using macrophages, and mixed infection experiments ruled out a defect of cyp40−/− parasites in resistance to oxidative and hydrolytic stresses encountered inside the host cell phagolysosome. Investigation of the CyP40‐dependent proteome by quantitative 2D‐DiGE analysis revealed up regulation of various stress proteins in the null mutant, presumably a response to compensate for the lack of CyP40. Applying transmission electron microscopy we showed accumulation of vesicular structures in the flagellar pocket of cyp40−/− parasites that we related to a significant increase in exosome production, a phenomenon previously linked to the parasite stress response. Together these data suggest that cyp40−/− parasites experience important intrinsic homeostatic stress that likely abrogates parasite viability during intracellular infection.
TRAFFIC CONGESTION, POLYCENTRICITY, AND INTRAURBAN FIRM LOCATION CHOICES: A NESTED LOGIT MODEL FOR THE LOS ANGELES METROPOLITAN AREA
Authors: Hou Yuting 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis study empirically investigates traffic congestion effects on agglomeration through the lens of firm location decisions. A discrete choice model is applied to examine new establishments’ location choices within the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Employment centers are defined as the choice set to explore the nature and role of intraurban agglomerations. The results show that metro‐wide congestion negatively affects the location choices of firms in the high‐order office‐related activities, while local congestion have positive impacts on those firms’ location decisions. In contrast, firms in production‐related activities are positively influenced by regional congestion but are negatively affected by local congestion levels.
Association of Presence of Band Cells and Toxic Neutrophils with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Outcome in Horses with Acute Disease
Authors: Lambert J.L. , Fernandez N.J. , Roy M.‐F. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundBand cells and toxic neutrophils are thought to indicate acute and severe systemic illness but no studies have investigated their importance in adult equine emergency admissions.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the association of band cells and toxic neutrophils with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and outcome in horses.AnimalsOne hundred and five adult horses admitted on emergency basis to a private primary referral practice.MethodsProspective observational study with sample collection. All horses admitted on emergency basis over the study period were included in the study if they had aCBCand a blood smear collected on admission.ResultsThe detection of band neutrophils on admission was associated with theSIRSstatus of the horse (RR= 2.80; 95%CI= 1.57–4.99;P< .001) and with poor outcome (RR= 1.88; 95%CI: 1.05–3.37;P= .038). Similarly, the presence of a neutrophil toxic grade higher than 3 was associated withSIRS(RR= 1.71; 95%CI: 1.03–2.82;P= .034) and death (RR= 2.34; 95%CI: 1.22–4.50,P= .007). The information gained from the blood smear review could not be captured by looking at only theWBCor neutrophil count.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe microscopic review of blood smears from critically ill horses to detect band cells or neutrophil toxic change is valuable and could help in assessing disease severity and prognosis in adult equine emergency admissions.
EFFICIENT PRICING OF BARRIER OPTIONS AND CREDIT DEFAULT SWAPS IN LÉVY MODELS WITH STOCHASTIC INTEREST RATE
Authors: Boyarchenko Svetlana , Levendorskiĭ Sergei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRecently, advantages of conformal deformations of the contours of integration in pricing formulas for European options have been demonstrated in the context of wide classes of Lévy models, the Heston model, and other affine models. Similar deformations were used in one‐factor Lévy models to price options with barrier and lookback features and credit default swaps (CDSs). In the present paper, we generalize this approach to models, where the dynamics of the assets is modeled as , where X is a Lévy process, and the interest rate is stochastic. Assuming that X and r are independent, and , the infinitesimal generator of the pricing semigroup in the model for the short rate, satisfies weak regularity conditions, which hold for popular models of the short rate, we develop a variation of the pricing procedure for Lévy models which is almost as fast as in the case of the constant interest rate. Numerical examples show that about 0.15 second suffices to calculate prices of 8 options of same maturity in a two‐factor model with the error tolerance and less; in a three‐factor model, accuracy of order 0.001–0.005 is achieved in about 0.2 second. Similar results are obtained for quanto CDS, where an additional stochastic factor is the exchange rate. We suggest a class of Lévy models with the stochastic interest rate driven by 1–3 factors, which allows for fast calculations. This class can satisfy the current regulatory requirements for banks mandating sufficiently sophisticated credit risk models.
Coexistence of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with conduction blocks
Authors: Shimizu Kazutaka , Hanajima Ritsuko , Shimizu Takahiro , Usui Ryo , Yanagida Atsuko , Akutsu Tsugio , Iizuka Takahiro , Nishiyama Kazutoshi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present a 47‐year‐old woman with upper extremity muscle weakness and sensory disturbance during a slowly progressive course of leg muscle weakness. First, she was diagnosed with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. However, with gene analysis of PMP22 duplication, she was diagnosed with Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A. In the electrophysiological study, nerve conduction blocks were shown, which is inconsistent with Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy improved both her symptoms and the conduction blocks. We suggest that inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy was associated with Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A in this patient. The presence of the conduction blocks could be a hallmark of the associating inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy might be partly effective in such patients.
Biomarkers to distinguish functional constipation from irritable bowel syndrome with constipation
Authors: Whitehead W. E. , Palsson O. S. , Simrén M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTreatments for functional constipation (FC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS‐C) differ, but symptom criteria do not reliably distinguish between them; some regard FC and IBS‐C as parts of a single constipation spectrum. Our goal was to review studies comparing FC and IBS‐C to identify possible biomarkers that separate them. A systematic review identified 15 studies that compared physiologic tests in FC vs IBS‐C. Pain thresholds were lower in IBS‐C than FC for 3/5 studies and not different in 2/5. Colonic motility was decreased more in FC than IBS‐C for 3/3 studies, and whole gut transit was delayed more in FC than IBS‐C in 3/8 studies and not different in 5/8. Pelvic floor dyssynergia was unrelated to diagnosis. Sympathetic arousal, measured in only one study, was greater in IBS‐C than FC. The most reliable separation of FC from IBS‐C was shown by a novel new magnetic resonance imaging technique described in this issue of the journal. These authors showed that drinking one liter of polyethylene glycol laxative significantly increased water content in the small intestine, volume of contents in the ascending colon, and time to first evacuation in FC vs IBS‐C; and resulted in less colon motility and delayed whole gut transit in FC compared to IBS‐C. Although replication is needed, this well‐tolerated, non‐invasive test promises to become a new standard for differential diagnosis of FC vs IBS‐C. These data suggest that FC and IBS‐C are different disorders rather than points on a constipation spectrum.
Manipulation of flowering time and branching by overexpression of the tomato transcription factor SlZFP2
Authors: Weng Lin , Bai Xiaodong , Zhao Fangfang , Li Rong , Xiao Han 
Published: May 2016

SummaryFlowering of higher plants is orchestrated by complex regulatory networks through integration of various environmental signals such as photoperiod, temperature, light quality and developmental cues. In Arabidopsis, transcription of the flowering integrator gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) that several flowering pathways converge to is directly regulated by more than ten transcription factors. However, very little is known about the transcriptional regulation of the FT homolog SINGLE FLOWER TRUESS (SFT) in the day‐neutral plant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Previously, we showed that the zinc finger transcription factor SlZFP2 plays important roles in regulation of seed germination and fruit ripening in tomato and also found that overexpression of SlZFP2 impacted flowering and branching. Here, we characterized in detail the early flowering and high branching phenotypes by overexpression of this transcription factor. Our data showed that overexpression of SlZFP2 accelerated flowering in an SFT‐dependent manner as demonstrated by elevated SFT expression in the leaves and the transcription factor's binding ability to SFT promoter in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, overexpression of the SlZFP2 gene in the sft plants failed to rescue the mutant's late flowering. Through analysis of grafting phenotype, growth response of branches to auxin application and transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing, we also showed that overexpression of SlZFP2 affected shoot apical dominance through multiple regulatory pathways. Our results suggest that the transcription factor SlZFP2 has potential applications in genetic modification of plant architecture and flowering time for tomato production and other crops as well.
Haploidentical transplantation in children with unmanipulated peripheral blood stem cell graft: The need to look beyond post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide in younger children
Authors: Jaiswal Sarita Rani , Chakrabarti Aditi , Chatterjee Sumita , Ray Kunal , Chakrabarti Suparno 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHaploidentical transplantation with PTCY following marrow or PBSC graft has been associated with low incidence of GVHD in adults with similar data lacking in children. We report on the outcome of 25 patients <20 yr of age (median age 12 yr), undergoing a haploidentical PBSC transplantation for both malignant and non‐malignant disorders. Engraftment was prompt and sustained. Cumulative incidences of acute GVHD and chronic GVHD were 40.3% and 16.7%, respectively. On subgroup analysis, it was evident that acute GVHD developed in 80% of patients <10 yr compared to only 13.3% in those between 10 and 20 yr [log‐rank p = 0.001], despite similar graft composition with significantly higher NRM (60% vs. 0%; p = 0.001). The FFS was 63.5%; (79% in >10 yr and 40% in <10 yr, p = 0.01). Our data suggest that PTCY‐based haploidentical PBSC transplantation is feasible in older children, but results in early and severe alloreactivity in younger children. These findings, despite being counterintuitive, could be explained by the variable metabolism of CY and oral mycophenolate in younger children indicating that PTCY‐based approach as used in adults might not be adequate for younger children.
Schauer on Coercion, Acceptance, and Schizophrenia
Authors: Juan Moreso José 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article provides a comment on The Force of Law (Schauer 2015), which is Schauer's new and illuminating contribution to the place of law in our societies and in our lives. It constitutes a strong defence of the importance of coercion in law. First, I consider cases where the law is not able to motivate human behaviour adequately, in order to show that legal coercion is not always justified. Second, I examine the Rawlsian distinction between the ideal and the nonideal theory and its application to the theory of law. Third, I tentatively argue that coercion has no place in ideal theory, but a core place in nonideal theory. In this way, it may be plausible to reconstruct the motivation to accept the law, at least when the law is normatively justified.
The Ambiguity of Force
Authors: Dyzenhaus David 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe author argues that Schauer's understanding of appropriate empiricism and relatedly what he wishes to take from the positivist classics might have an even more reductive impact on legal philosophical inquiry than the legal positivist quest (which Schauer rejects) to confine such inquiry to a search for necessary and sufficient conditions. The argument is based on the example of the legal order of the Arab territories occupied by Israel. In the author's view, this legal order is very close to what Schauer regards as the normal case of a properly functioning legal order and in its closeness one can discern the flaws in his argument.
Optimizing N and P recycling from organic amendments via agroecological incentives and concepts – scope for further developments
Authors: Martinez J. , Pellerin S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFrom a global perspective, agricultural ecosystems are challenged by a requirement to produce more outputs with lower inputs, simultaneously to meet the demand for more food and reduce the global environmental impact of agriculture. A key task is to develop and share new ecological concepts of agriculture as a means to improve nutrient recycling, particularly of nitrogen and phosphorus. This paper explores opportunities to achieve this use of new agronomic tools, novel organic fertilizer products and innovative distribution networks. It draws on the results of recent projects in Europe that have developed and tested novel manure processing technologies as well as approaches to integrate nutrient management at local to regional scales.
A comparative reference study for the validation of HLA‐matching algorithms in the search for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell donors and cord blood units
Authors: Bochtler W. , Gragert L. , Patel Z. I. , Robinson J. , Steiner D. , Hofmann J. A. , Pingel J. , Baouz A. , Melis A. , Schneider J. , Eberhard H.‐P. , Oudshoorn M. , Marsh S. G. E. , Maiers M. , Müller C. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe accuracy of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐matching algorithms is a prerequisite for the correct and efficient identification of optimal unrelated donors for patients requiring hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The goal of this World Marrow Donor Association study was to validate established matching algorithms from different international donor registries by challenging them with simulated input data and subsequently comparing the output. This experiment addressed three specific aspects of HLA matching using different data sets for tasks of increasing complexity. The first two tasks targeted the traditional matching approach identifying discrepancies between patient and donor HLA genotypes by counting antigen and allele differences. Contemporary matching procedures predicting the probability for HLA identity using haplotype frequencies were addressed by the third task. In each task, the identified disparities between the results of the participating computer programs were analyzed, classified and quantified. This study led to a deep understanding of the algorithms participating and finally produced virtually identical results. The unresolved discrepancies total to less than 1%, 4% and 2% for the three tasks and are mostly because of individual decisions in the design of the programs. Based on these findings, reference results for the three input data sets were compiled that can be used to validate future matching algorithms and thus improve the quality of the global donor search process.
Aerosolized ribavirin: the most expensive drug for pneumonia
Authors: Chemaly R.F. , Aitken S.L. , Wolfe C.R. , Jain R. , Boeckh M.J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDramatic, overnight cost increases of important orphan and generic medications have recently come under public and government scrutiny. We highlight the case of aerosolized ribavirin, an important antiviral agent in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation which, because of substantial price increases, may now cost more than the transplant procedure itself.