bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Treatment of Cutaneous Melanoma of the Foot
Authors: Nam Kyung Wook , Bae Yong Chan , Nam Soo Bong , Kim Joo Hyung , Kim Hoon Soo , Choi Young Jin 
Published: February 2016

Background In East Asia, the foot is the most common site of cutaneous melanoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between cutaneous melanoma of the foot and melanomas of other sites.
Methods We studied 52 patients who underwent surgical treatment for cutaneous melanoma of the foot from September 2000 to January 2015. Through a retrospective review of their medical records, we collected data relating to their sex, age, histopathological subtype, Clark level, tumor thickness, lymph node involvement, stage, and survival rate, and we compared these parameters to those of 61 patients treated for melanoma of other sites. Moreover, we analyzed the surgical procedures, complications, and mortality rates associated with cutaneous melanoma on various parts of the foot.
Results Melanoma of the foot differed from other melanomas only in the histopathological subtype. Other clinical features, including survival rate, did not differ significantly between the two groups heel was the most common site of melanoma of the foot (22 cases, 42.3%). The method of reconstruction varied depending on the region involved.
Conclusions A comparison of melanoma of the foot to other melanomas showed that melanoma of the foot was associated with a significantly different distribution of histological subtypes. Consistent with previous findings, we found that the acral lentiginous subtype was the most common among melanomas of the foot. Furthermore, in contrast with previous studies, we did not find a worse prognosis or lower survival rate for melanoma of the foot in comparison with other melanomas.
Donor-Site Morbidity after Partial Second Toe Pulp Free Flap for Fingertip Reconstruction
Authors: Kim Hyung Su , Lee Dong Chul , Kim Jin Soo , Roh Si Young , Lee Kyung Jin , Yang Jae Won , Ki Sae Hwi , Harijan Aram 
Published: February 2016

Background In this study, we characterize the morbidity at the donor-site of partial second toe pulp free flaps in terms of wound management as well as long-term outcomes.
Methods A single-institutional retrospective review was performed for patients who had undergone partial second toe pulp free flap transfer to the fingertip. Patient charts were reviewed for infection, skin necrosis, wound dehiscence, and hematoma for the donor site. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was given to patients who had a follow-up of longer than 1 year to characterize long-term postoperative pain and appearance.
Results The review identified a total of 246 cases. Early wound complications were significant for wound dehiscence (n=8) and hematoma (n=5) for a wound complication rate of 5.3%. The questionnaire was distributed to 109 patients, and 54 patients completed the survey. Out of these 54 patients, 15 patients continued to have donor-site pain (28%) at a mean follow-up period of 32.4 months. However, the pain intensity was relatively low in the range between 2 to 5, on a 0–10 scale. None of these patients felt this donor-site pain interfered significantly with daily activity, nor did any patient require pain medications of any type. Donor-site appearance was satisfactory to most patients.
Conclusions The partial second toe pulp flap was associated with low rates of wound complications and favorable long-term outcomes. Given the functional and aesthetic gain in the recipient finger, donor-site morbidities appear acceptable in this patient population. This study can be helpful in counseling patients regarding donor-site morbidity during the informed consent process.
A comparison of contrast sensitivity in early mild and early intermediate age-related macular degeneration after adjusting for age and visual acuity
Authors: Liutkevičienė Rasa , Čiumbaraitė Rasa , Banevičius Mantas 
Published: January 2016

Background. It has been suggested that contrast sensitivity can provide valuable information about visual function in addition to visual acuity assessment. Some patients retain relatively good visual acuity, yet complain of poor vision. In these patients, other tests of visual function such as contrast sensitivity should be evaluated.
Methods. We examined patients with early mild stage age-related macular degeneration (group 1), and early intermediate stage age-related macular degeneration (group 2). Digital analysis methodology was used for retina drusen localisation and its diameter measurement. Functional acuity contrast sensitivity tests (FACT) were performed using a Ginsburg Box, VSCR-CST-6500.
Results. The nighttime results without glare in group 2 were worse at 1.5, 3, 6 and 18 cycles per degree of the visual angle, the daytime results without glare were worse at 3 and 6 cycles per degree. The nighttime results with glare were worse at 1.5, 3, 6 and 18 cycles per degree, and the daytime results with glare were worse at 1.5 and 3 cycles per degree. Results after adjusting for age and visual acuity to 1.0 in the group 1 patients were better compared to the group 2 patients and the p value was 0.0005.
Conclusions. The test results in patients with early intermediate age-related macular degeneration, in comparison to early mild age-related macular degeneration, showed a significant decrease mostly in the nighttime either with or without glare in high and medium spatial frequencies (cycles/degree). After adjusting for age and visual acuity the FACT results were even worse in early intermediate AMD patients.
La gestion intégrée de la ressource-eau au Québec : prolégomènes sur les mutations et la fixité de l’espace institutionnel
Authors: Emond Nancy 
Published: February 2016

Depuis plus de dix ans, la province de Québec tente d’instaurer un modèle de gouvernance de la ressource-eau, basée entre autres sur l’approche dite de « gestion intégrée », internationalement reconnue et adoptée par plusieurs pays dans le cadre du Sommet de la terre de Rio de 1992. Nonobstant l’adoption de sa première Politique nationale de l’eau (PNE) en 2002, faisant de la gestion intégrée par bassin versant son modus operandi, le Québec rencontre des difficultés pour réaliser son objectif. Pourquoi? Plusieurs facteurs peuvent être avancés, dont la dépendance financière des organismes de bassin versant, le caractère volontaire des contrats de bassin, ou encore l’agrandissement du territoire à gérer, passant du bassin versant à une zone de gestion intégrée de l’eau englobant plusieurs bassins versants. Les questions qui se posent alors sont les suivantes : quelles institutions sont en place pour assurer l’organisation de la gestion intégrée de la ressource-eau? Quels ajustements institutionnels ont été apportés (ou non) par les acteurs pour répondre aux nouvelles exigences qui se sont ajoutées au fil des ans? Les résultats de cette étude montrent que plus d’une décennie après l’adoption de la PNE, l’adéquation entre les objectifs visés par l’État et les mécanismes institutionnels instaurés pour atteindre ces objectifs est, en moyenne, plutôt faible. Par ailleurs, l’adaptation aux nouvelles exigences semble se faire sans grande résistance ou, du moins, sans engendrer de transformation importante des institutions.
Protection privée de la biodiversité et fiscalisation du marché de la wilderness : une histoire de la conservation volontaire au Québec (1980-2014)
Authors: Craig-Dupont Olivier , Domon Gérald 
Published: February 2016

Depuis la fin des années 1980, la province de Québec est le théâtre d’une véritable prolifération de statuts de protection écologique sur terres privées. Réserves naturelles en milieu privé, dons écologiques, servitudes de conservation et « fiducies foncières » se multiplient maintenant dans certaines régions du Québec méridional. Vu la nature privée des transactions foncières qui composent ce mouvement, ce dernier demeure largement méconnu. Il a pourtant eu un impact substantiel sur le façonnement de certaines politiques contemporaines concernant la conservation du patrimoine naturel au Québec. À travers une recherche détaillée de fonds d’archives ministériels et une série d’entrevues avec des acteurs clefs, cet article retrace la genèse de ce mouvement de conservation volontaire au Québec. Il souligne comment les États canadien et québécois, de même que certaines corporations à but non lucratif, ont facilité la mise en place d’un réseau d’aires protégées privées largement financées par le trésor public, par l’entremise d’avantages fiscaux. La reconstruction de cette institutionnalisation de la conservation volontaire au Québec révèle comment l’État fut un agent actif dans la décentralisation, la privatisation et la fiscalisation progressive de la conservation du patrimoine écologique au Québec.
Effectiveness of the Complete Health Improvement Program in Reducing Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in an Appalachian Population
Authors: Leibold Christopher , Shubrook Jay H. , Nakazawa Masato , Drozek David 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Context: In 11 counties in Appalachian Ohio, the self-reported prevalence of diabetes mellitus (11.3%) is higher than the state (7.8%) or national (7.2%) average. Direct medical costs for diabetes in the United States are estimated at $176 billion annually. Indirect costs from disability, work loss, and premature death add up to another $69 billion.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a sample of Appalachian participants with elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels or a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: In a retrospective study, data from 6 CHIP cohorts conducted in Appalachian Ohio from 2011 to 2012 were combined and analyzed for short-term changes in CVD risk factors from baseline. This study focused on a subsample of the overall CHIP, whose participants had elevated FBG levels or T2DM. Statistical analysis was completed by calculating means and SDs and using paired t tests to compare differences in variables.

Results: After the CHIP intervention, 110 participants with baseline elevated FBG levels showed notable reductions in FBG levels, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure (all P values <.001). Likewise, participants in the subsample with T2DM experienced reductions in all CVD risk factors (all P values <.05).

Conclusion: The CHIP lifestyle intervention was effective in reducing CVD risk factors in this Appalachian population with elevated FBG levels or with T2DM.
Burnout Among Osteopathic Residents: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Chan Amanda Michele , Cuevas Shawn T. , Jenkins James 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Context: Burnout is a known problem among physicians in training but has not been extensively studied in osteopathic residents.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship of burnout to sex, age, marital status, and residency program type (surgical vs nonsurgical) and length (3, 4, 5, or 6 years) across 12 residency programs at Doctors Hospital in Columbus, Ohio.

Methods: An anonymous, voluntary questionnaire was given to residents in their 10th month of residency. Thirty questions were provided, including general background questions and the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey to assess burnout.

Results: A total of 131 of 180 residents (72.8%) returned the questionnaire, and 129 provided complete responses in most categories. Of the 129 respondents, 89 (69.0%) reported emotional exhaustion and 96 (74.4%) reported depersonalization at a moderate or high level. In addition, 70 respondents (54.4%) experienced a moderate or high level of burnout in relation to personal accomplishment. No statistically significant association was found between the burnout factors (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) and sex, age, marital status, and residency program type and length.

Conclusions: The majority of the osteopathic residents surveyed reported experiencing burnout. More data on burnout among osteopathic residents and associated factors are needed.
Interrelationship of Structure and Function in Maxillofacial Fractures
Authors: Kieliszak Christopher R. , Larson Stephen R. , Keller Chad R. , Selinsky Christopher R. , Joshi Arjun S. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Surgical fixation of maxillofacial fractures can be associated with a myriad of surgical complications. Specific complications correlate with the type of fracture. The authors present a case of multiple maxillofacial fractures, briefly review various types of fractures, and discuss the operative decision-making process. This case report serves as an important reminder that the operative decision-making process should take into account a patient’s entire clinical condition.
Evaluation of anisotropic charge carrier mobility of perylene single crystals by time-of-flight method
Authors: Kougo Junichi , Ishikawa Ken 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The charge carrier mobilities along the vertical and lateral directions of perylene platelet single crystals were measured by the time-of-flight (TOF) method. In the lateral directional measurement, the entire region between electrodes was irradiated to obtain measurable signals. The transient photocurrent was different from the conventional TOF measurements; hence, we developed an analytic method for lateral directional measurement. The electron mobilities along the thickness and lateral directions were 0.33 and 2.0 cm2·V−1·s−1 and the hole mobilities were 0.12 and 0.6 cm2·V−1·s−1, respectively.
Assumptions behind size-based ecosystem models are realistic
Authors: Andersen Ken H. , Blanchard Julia L. , Fulton Elizabeth A. , Gislason Henrik , Jacobsen Nis Sand , van Kooten Tobias 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA recent publication about balanced harvesting (Froese et al., ICES Journal of Marine Science; 73: 1640–1650) contains several erroneous statements about size-spectrum models. We refute the statements by showing that the assumptions pertaining to size-spectrum models discussed by Froese et al. are realistic and consistent. We further show that the assumption about density-dependence being described by a stock recruitment relationship is responsible for determining whether a peak in the cohort biomass of a population occurs late or early in life. Finally, we argue that there is indeed a constructive role for a wide suite of ecosystem models to evaluate fishing strategies in an ecosystem context.
Reply to Andersen et al. (2016) “Assumptions behind size-based ecosystem models are realistic”
Authors: Froese Rainer , Walters Carl , Pauly Daniel , Winker Henning , Weyl Olaf L. F. , Demirel Nazli , Tsikliras Athanassios C. , Holt Sidney J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In a recent publication (Froese et al., ICES Journal of Marine Science; 73: 1640–1650), we presented a critique of the balanced harvesting (BH) approach to fishing. A short section dealt with the size-spectrum models used to justify BH, wherein we pointed out the lack of realism of these models, which mostly represented ecosystems as consisting of a single cannibalistic species. Andersen et al. (ICES Journal of Marine Science; 73: 1651–1655) commented on our paper and suggested that we criticized size-spectrum models in general and that we supposedly made several erroneous statements. We stress that we only referred to the size-spectrum models that we cited, and we respond to each supposedly erroneous statement. We still believe that the size-spectrum models used to justify BH were highly unrealistic and not suitable for evaluating real-world fishing strategies. We agree with Andersen et al. that BH is unlikely to be a useful guiding principle for ecosystem-based fisheries management, for many reasons. The use of unrealistic models is one of them.
Duration of Posttraumatic Amnesia Predicts Neuropsychological and Global Outcome in Complicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hart Tessa , Novack Thomas A. , Temkin Nancy , Barber Jason , Dikmen Sureyya S. , Diaz-Arrastia Ramon , Ricker Joseph , Hesdorffer Dale C. , Jallo Jack , Hsu Nancy H. , Zafonte Ross 
Published: January 2016

Objectives:
Examine the effects of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) duration on neuropsychological and global recovery from 1 to 6 months after complicated mild traumatic brain injury (cmTBI).

Participants:
A total of 330 persons with cmTBI defined as Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 to 15 in emergency department, with well-defined abnormalities on neuroimaging.

Methods:
Enrollment within 24 hours of injury with follow-up at 1, 3, and 6 months.

Measures:
Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended, California Verbal Learning Test II, and Controlled Oral Word Association Test. Duration of PTA was retrospectively measured with structured interview at 30 days postinjury.

Results:
Despite all having a Glasgow Coma Scale Score of 13 to 15, a quarter of the sample had a PTA duration of greater than 7 days; half had PTA duration of 1 of 7 days. Both cognitive performance and Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale outcomes were strongly associated with time since injury and PTA duration, with those with PTA duration of greater than 1 week showing residual moderate disability at 6-month assessment.

Conclusions:
Findings reinforce importance of careful measurement of duration of PTA to refine outcome prediction and allocation of resources to those with cmTBI. Future research would benefit from standardization in computed tomographic criteria and use of severity indices beyond Glasgow Coma Scale to characterize cmTBI.
Self-Awareness and Self-Ratings of On-Road Driving Performance After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Gooden James R. , Ponsford Jennie L. , Charlton Judith L. , Ross Pamela E. , Marshall Shawn , Gagnon Sylvain , Bédard Michel , Stolwyk Renerus J. 
Published: January 2016

Objective:
To examine self-rated, clinician–rated, and self-awareness of on-road driving performance in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) deemed fit and unfit to resume driving and healthy controls, and to explore their associations with demographic, injury, cognitive, and mood variables.

Methods:
Participants included 37 individuals with moderate to severe TBI, and 49 healthy age, sex, and education-matched controls from Australia and Canada. Participants completed an on-road assessment, the Brain Injury Driving Self-Awareness Measure (BIDSAM), and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment.

Results:
Awareness scores on the BIDSAM were significantly different between groups, F(2, 83) = 28.44 (P < .001; η2 = 0.41), with post hoc tests indicating TBI participants who failed the on-road assessment had worse scores compared with those who passed and controls. Poor self-awareness was significantly correlated with reduced psychomotor speed (r
s = −0.37; P < .01) and attentional switching (r
s = 0.28; P < .01). Worse self-ratings of driving were associated with depression (r
s = 0.42; P < .01) and anxiety (rs
= 0.38; P < .01).

Conclusions:
Individuals with TBI who failed an on-road assessment significantly overestimated their driving ability. Impaired cognitive function was associated with reduced self-awareness of driving. These findings suggest impaired awareness of driving may need to be addressed as part of driver rehabilitation programs.
Effects of Depression and Antidepressant Use on Cognitive Deficits and Functional Cognition Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Failla Michelle D. , Juengst Shannon B. , Graham Kristin M. , Arenth Patricia M. , Wagner Amy K. 
Published: January 2016

Objective:
To use a Rehabilomics framework to evaluate relations hips between post–traumatic brain injury (TBI) depression (PTD) and potential associated factors, including antidepressant use, on cognitive recovery following severe TBI.

Participants:
Severe TBI survivors (n = 154), recruited from a level 1 trauma center.

Design:
Prospective cohort study with assessments at 6 and 12 months postinjury.

Main Measures:
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PTD symptoms); cognitive composite score from a neuropsychological assessment battery (cognitive impairment); and Functional Independence Measure–Cognition (FIM-Cog, self-reported functional cognition).

Results:
Individuals with and without PTD did not differ with respect to cognitive impairment. However, antidepressant use, regardless of PTD status, was associated with cognitive impairment. Individuals with PTD reported lower FIM-Cog scores at both time points compared with those without PTD. In a post hoc longitudinal analysis, individuals with late-onset PTD had worse cognitive impairment.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that antidepressant use impairs cognition among individuals without PTD. Also, PTD did not directly affect cognitive impairment but may affect functional cognitive limitations through self-evaluation and apathy/motivation factors.
Long-Term School Outcomes of Children and Adolescents With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Prasad Mary R. , Swank Paul R. , Ewing-Cobbs Linda 
Published: January 2016

Objective:
To better understand the impact of age at injury, severity of injury, and time since injury on long-term school outcomes of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Participants:
Four groups of children: complicated mild/moderate TBI (n = 23), severe TBI (n = 56), orthopedic injury (n = 35), and healthy controls (n = 42). Children with TBI were either 2 years postinjury or 6 years postinjury.

Design:
Cross-sectional design.

Measures:
School records as well as parental ratings of functional academic skills and school competency.

Results:
Children with severe TBI had consistently high usage of school services and low school competency ratings than children with orthopedic injuries and healthy controls. In contrast, children with complicated-mild/moderate TBI were significantly more likely to receive school support services and have lower competence ratings at 6 years than at 2 years postinjury. Students injured at younger ages had lower functional academic skill ratings than those injured at older ages.

Conclusions:
These findings highlight the increasing academic challenges faced over time by students with complicated-mild/moderate TBI and the vulnerability of younger children to poorer development of functional academic skills.