bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Don't skip class: A new conceptual model for examining classism among adolescents and families
Authors: Mello Zena R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article introduces a new conceptual model for examining classism among adolescents and families. Classism refers to the discrimination that individuals experience because of their social class. For adolescents, social class refers to their family's social class and includes income, education, occupation, and position in society. Despite extensive research that has shown how social class is associated with adolescent development, there remains a gap in the knowledge about how classism might explain this association. To advance scholarship about classism among adolescents and families, I present a new model. This model integrates theories on (a) classism among adults, (b) discrimination among adolescents, (c) family science, (d) social class, and (e) intersectionality. I include hypotheses about the associations between classism and adolescent developmental outcomes and conclude with directions for future research.
Intracerebral hemorrhage risk after adjunct intraarterial thrombolysis in thrombectomy‐treated acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Huang Yilun , Bhatti Ibrahim A. , Gomez Camilo R. , Hanley Daniel F. , Ford Daniel E. , Hassan Ameer E. , Nguyen Thanh N. , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Veznedaroglu Erol , Budzik Ronald F. , Gupta Rishi , Nogueira Raul G. , Krajina Antonin , Bartolini Bruno , English Joey , Baxter Blaise , Liebeskind David S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeIntraarterial thrombolysis as an adjunct to mechanical thrombectomy is increasingly being considered to enhance reperfusion in acute ischemic stroke patients. Intraarterial thrombolysis may increase the risk of post‐thrombectomy intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in certain patient subgroups.MethodsWe analyzed acute ischemic stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy in a multicenter registry. The occurrence of any (asymptomatic and symptomatic) post‐thrombectomy ICH was ascertained using standard definition requiring serial neurological examinations and computed tomographic scans acquired within 48 hours of the thrombectomy. We determined the risk of ICH in subgroups defined by clinical characteristics and the use of intravenous (IV) thrombolysis.ResultsA total of 146 (7.5%) patients received intraarterial thrombolysis among 1953 acute ischemic stroke patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy. The proportion of patients who developed any ICH was 26 (17.8%) and 510 (28.2%) among patients who were and were not treated with intraarterial thrombolysis, respectively (p = .006). The proportion of patients who developed symptomatic ICH was 4 (2.7%) and 30 (1.7%) among patients who were and were not treated with intraarterial thrombolysis, respectively (p = .34). Among patients who received IV thrombolysis (n = 1042), the proportion of patients who developed any ICH was 9 (16.7%) and 294 (30.7%) among patients who were and were not treated with intraarterial thrombolysis, respectively (p = .028). The risk was not different in strata defined by age, gender, location of occlusion, preprocedure National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, time interval between symptom onset and thrombectomy, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, systolic blood pressure, and serum glucose concentrations.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy, the risk of any ICH and symptomatic ICH was not increased with intraarterial thrombolysis, including in those who had already received IV thrombolytics.
Does the surface conditioning of glass and hybrid ceramics with self‐etching silane present a bond strength similar to that of conventional bonding? Systematic review and meta‐analysis of in vitro studies
Authors: Bento Victor Augusto Alves , de Souza Rolim Pedro Antônio , de Matos José Roberto Vergínio , de Araújo Lemos Cleidiel Aparecido , Pellizzer Eduardo Piza , Guiotti Aimée Maria 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate, through in vitro studies, the bond strength of vitreous and hybrid ceramics with self‐etching surface treatment compared to conventional treatment.MethodsThis systematic review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) and was registered on the open science framework (OSF) platform for in vitro studies. A population, intervention, control, and outcome (PICO) question was formulated: “Does the surface conditioning of glass and hybrid ceramics with self‐etching silane present a bond strength similar to that of conventional bonding?”. A literature search was carried out in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest databases until September 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal guidelines for quasi‐experimental studies were used for risk assessment of bias. The meta‐analysis was based on the inverse variance (IV) method (p < 0.05).ResultsA total of 29 in vitro studies published between 2017 and 2022 were included in this systematic review, totaling 1889 ceramic samples. The meta‐analysis indicated a significant decrease in the bond strength of HF 4%–5% with silane compared to self‐etching (p < 0.05; MD: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.13–0.35; I2 = 3%, p = 0.42), while it indicated that there was no significant difference between self‐etching compared to 9%–10% HF with silane (p = 0.92; MD: 0.02; 95% CI: −0.32 to 0.36; I2 = 14%, p = 0.32).ConclusionSelf‐etching primer presents bond strength that is superior to or similar to conventional surface treatment on glass and hybrid ceramics.
The genomics and physiology of abiotic stressors associated with global elevational gradients in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Gamba Diana , Lorts Claire M. , Haile Asnake , Sahay Seema , Lopez Lua , Xia Tian , Takou Margarita , Kulesza Evelyn , Elango Dinakaran , Kerby Jeffrey , Yifru Mistire , Bulafu Collins E. , Wondimu Tigist , Glowacka Katarzyna , Lasky Jesse R. 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Phenotypic and genomic diversity in Arabidopsis thaliana may be associated with adaptation along its wide elevational range, but it is unclear whether elevational clines are consistent among different mountain ranges.

We took a multi‐regional view of selection associated with elevation. In a diverse panel of ecotypes, we measured plant traits under alpine stressors (low CO2 partial pressure, high light, and night freezing) and conducted genome‐wide association studies.

We found evidence of contrasting locally adaptive regional clines. Western Mediterranean ecotypes showed low water use efficiency (WUE)/early flowering at low elevations to high WUE/late flowering at high elevations. Central Asian ecotypes showed the opposite pattern. We mapped different candidate genes for each region, and some quantitative trait loci (QTL) showed elevational and climatic clines likely maintained by selection. Consistent with regional heterogeneity, trait and QTL clines were evident at regional scales (c. 2000 km) but disappeared globally. Antioxidants and pigmentation rarely showed elevational clines. High elevation east African ecotypes might have higher antioxidant activity under night freezing.

Physiological and genomic elevational clines in different regions can be unique, underlining the complexity of local adaptation in widely distributed species, while hindering global trait–environment or genome–environment associations. To tackle the mechanisms of range‐wide local adaptation, regional approaches are thus warranted.
Brassinosteroids in cotton: orchestrating fiber development
Authors: Qanmber Ghulam , Liu Zhao , Li Fuguang , Yang Zuoren 
Published: September 2024

SummaryCotton cultivation spans over 30 million hectares across 85 countries and regions, with more than half participating in the global cotton textile trade. The elongated cotton fiber cell is an ideal model for studying cell elongation and understanding plant growth and development. Brassinosteroids (BRs), recognized for their role in cell elongation, offer the potential for improving cotton fiber quality and yield. Despite extensive research highlighting BR's positive impact on fiber development, a comprehensive review on this topic has been lacking. This review addresses this gap, providing a detailed analysis of the latest advancements in BR signaling and its effects on cotton fiber development. We explore the complex network of BR biosynthesis components, signaling molecules, and regulators, including crosstalk with other pathways and transcriptional control mechanisms. Additionally, we propose molecular strategies and highlight key genetic elements for optimizing BR‐related genes to enhance fiber quality and yield. The review emphasizes the importance of BR homeostasis and the hormonal landscape during cotton fiber development, offering insights into targeted manipulation opportunities and challenges. This consolidation offers a comprehensive understanding of BR's multifaceted roles in fiber development, outlining a strategic approach for BR optimization in cotton fiber quality and yield.
A FAIENCE HEAD OF A BEARDED MALE FROM TEL ABEL BETH MAACAH: ICONOGRAPHY, TECHNOLOGY AND CONTEXT
Authors: Yahalom‐Mack N. , Ben‐Ami D.V. , Panitz‐Cohen N. , Mullins R.A. , Brumfeld V. , Eliyahu‐Behar A. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryA faience head depicting a bearded male was unearthed in a ninth‐century BC context at Tel Abel Beth Maacah, located on the modern Israel‐Lebanese border. During the Iron Age, the site was at the interface between the kingdoms of Israel and Aram‐Damascus and the Phoenician city‐states of Tyre and Sidon. The article discusses the object’s iconography, style, composition and manufacturing technology in comparison to other faience heads, as well as its regional and contextual significance. Despite its unique iconography and high quality, we demonstrate its similarity to at least one other head in manufacturing technology and style. It is suggested that it depicts an ideal elite persona, possibly serving as a votive.
Evaluating the Readability of the iPledge Comprehension Assessment and its Impact on Isotretinoin Accessibility
Authors: Baek Peter , Shah Nidhi , Kirkorian A. Yasmine 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIsotretinoin, the standard treatment for severe nodular acne, is subject to stringent iPLEDGE regulations due to its teratogenic risks, requiring monthly assessments for patients of childbearing potential. Analysis of the iPLEDGE Comprehension Assessment (iPCA) revealed an average readability score of grade 8.5, exceeding the recommended grade 6 level for optimal patient comprehension. The complex language of iPCA may hinder patients from accessing treatment, contributing to delays and potential discontinuation, especially among female patients. While the overall number of isotretinoin‐exposed pregnancies has decreased since the inception of iPledge, several hundred pregnancies continue to be reported, and simplification of iPCA presents one avenue to improve patient comprehension, safety, and ensuring equitable access to isotretinoin.
Peace and the digital revolution: Toward “cyberpeace?”
Authors: White Paul Antony 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article will explore challenges posed by the digital communications revolution to some long‐standing concepts and assumptions around security, warfare, and peace. It will demonstrate the obsolescence of the traditional state‐focused national security paradigm with regards to matters of cybersecurity, as well as the limitations of conventional collective security approaches. It will also outline the Internet's potential as a peacebuilding medium, and the crossroads we currently face between a new era of cyberwarfare or an Internet for “cyberpeace.”
Slurring silences
Authors: Holdier A. G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSilence can be a communicative act. Tanesini (2018) demonstrates how “eloquent” silences can virtuously indicate resistance and dissent; in this paper, I outline one way silence can also be used viciously to cause discursive harm, specifically by slurring victims. By distinguishing between eloquent and “signaling” silences (two kinds of what I call “performative” silences), I show how “slurring” silences — fully quiet discursive moves that signal one's commitment to a slurring perspective — function in a manner that illuminates the pragmatic topography of conversational silence in general.
The role of norms as promoters of social change
Authors: González Roberto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLife in society revolves around social norms. These norms play a crucial role in regulating and influencing individuals’ behavior, both at the societal and individual levels. They offer a psychological framework that reduces uncertainty, guides behavior, and aids people in adapting to their social surroundings. Moreover, by observing prevailing social norms, individuals gain insights into societal trends that preserve cherished values and traditions across generations, thus mapping the dynamics of social stability and change. Social change is closely tied to shifts in these norms, which can occur at varying speeds, influenced by factors at multiple levels of analysis, including societal, group, and individual levels. In this article, I analyze the various concepts of social norms found in the literature, with a particular focus on their role in psychology. I describe the main sources of normative influence and illustrate, with multiple examples, how they operate in different social contexts. In this way, I address how these norms guide and facilitate participation in collective actions, their intergenerational transmission, and their role in the emergence of radicalization in social protest contexts. Furthermore, I delve into how group norms are linked to intergroup contact experiences involving both advantaged and disadvantaged group members, as well as the expression of prejudice and affective polarization. I conclude by emphasizing the necessity of adopting a multilevel approach to comprehend the connection between norms and social change.
Molecular Characteristics and Expression of TKTL1 in Germ Cells: Implications for Nontumour Cell Research
Authors: Yuan Xiaole , Kang Huaiyan , Liu Bo , Yu Xiuwei , Zhu Haijing , Chen Shenghui , Du Xiaomin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTTKTL1 is a crucial regulatory enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and plays a significant role in energy synthesis. It is expressed in various tumour tissues, with its expression level closely associated with tumour invasion, metastasis and prognosis. Recent studies utilising proteomic analysis and other methods have highlighted the noteworthy expression of the TKTL1 gene in germ cells, particularly in spermatogonia and ovarian cells. Consequently, this article reviews the molecular characteristics of TKTL1 and its expression in germ cells to provide a reference for research on TKTL1 beyond tumour cells.
Successful conservation and management of kelp forests requires more ambitious use of international law
Authors: Techera Erika , Valckenaere Jurgen , Filbee‐Dexter Karen , Wernberg Thomas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractKelp forests are the world's most extensive vegetated marine ecosystems. They provide critical ecological functions as well as valuable ecosystem services for human societies. Yet, kelp forests have been largely overlooked in international environmental law. There are no specific treaties focused on kelp, and they have only benefited to a limited extent under existing regimes. This article analyses the treatment of kelp in international environmental law and finds that there are few formally listed sites containing kelp forests and that several treaty regimes could be better utilised for their benefit. The article concludes by outlining more ambitious ways in which international environmental law can better contribute to the conservation and management of kelp forests and other marine ecosystems facing similar futures. This research seeks to shed light on kelp forests and in doing so seeks to contribute to the growing body of multi‐disciplinary literature on kelp and the role that law can play in securing its future.
Universal azole prophylaxis for prevention of coccidioidomycosis among lung transplant recipients transferring care to a center within a highly endemic region
Authors: Goodlet Kellie J. , Garcia Rhiannon , Nailor Michael D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundCoccidioidomycosis may cause severe disseminated disease and mortality among lung transplant recipients. A strategy of lifelong azole prophylaxis was previously associated with low rates of coccidioidomycosis. Whether lung transplant recipients relocating to the Coccidioides endemic region are also at risk and would benefit from antifungal prophylaxis is unknown.MethodsLung transplant recipients transplanted at an outside center with low Coccidioides endemicity before relocating for post‐transplant follow‐up at a transplant center in Phoenix, Arizona from January 2013 to March 2024 were included. The primary outcome was proven or probable coccidioidomycosis per Mycoses Study Group consensus definitions.ResultsForty lung transplant recipients were included, with 62.5% not receiving antifungal prophylaxis at the time of transfer. The median time from transplant to relocation was 34 months. Of those not on prophylaxis, 96% were initiated on azole therapy at the first clinic visit, with 72% prescribed itraconazole. Coccidioides serologic testing was performed in 30% of the cohort, most often in the context of a broad diagnostic work‐up for suspected infection during hospitalization. After a median follow‐up of 31 months, one case (2.5%) of proven pulmonary coccidioidomycosis was identified, occurring 4.8 years post‐transplant and >2 years post‐transfer in a cystic fibrosis patient who had a pause in fluconazole prophylaxis for >1 month prior to diagnosis due to gastrointestinal intolerance and access issues. The patient was treated and maintained on isavuconazole without complications.ConclusionAzole antifungal prophylaxis was associated with a low rate of coccidioidomycosis among lung transplant recipients relocating to the highly endemic region.
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Phylogenomic insights into the diversity and evolution of RPW8‐NLRs and their partners in plants
Authors: Qin Huiyu , Cheng Junyuan , Han Guan‐Zhu , Gong Zhen 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYPlants use nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs) to sense pathogen effectors, initiating effector‐triggered immunity (ETI). NLRs containing RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8 domain (RNLs) function as “helper” NLRs in flowering plants and support the immune responses mediated by “sensor” NLRs in cooperation with lipase‐EP domain fused proteins (EP proteins). Despite their crucial roles in ETI, much remains unclear about the evolutionary trajectories of RNLs and their functional partners EP proteins. Here, we perform phylogenomic analyses of RNLs in 90 plants, covering the major diversity of plants, and identify the presence of RNLs in land plants and green algae, expanding the distribution of RNLs. We uncover a neglected major RNL group in gymnosperms, besides the canonical major group with NRG1s and ADR1s, and observe a drastic increase in RNL repertoire size in conifers. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that RNLs originated multiple times through domain shuffling, and the evolution of RNLs underwent a birth‐and‐death process. Moreover, we trace the origin of EP proteins back to the last common ancestor of vascular plants. We find that both RNLs and EP proteins evolve mainly under negative selection, revealing strong constraints on their function. Concerted losses and positive correlation in copy number are observed between RNL and EP sublineages, suggesting their cooperation in function. Together, our findings provide insights into the origin and evolution of plant helper NLRs, with implications for predicting novel innate immune signaling modules.
Thromboelastography in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy treated with phenobarbital monotherapy
Authors: García R. , Pastor J. , de la Fuente C. , Añor S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThromboelastography (TEG) is an effective technique to assess the efficiency of coagulation. Phenobarbital (PB) can induce hematological and coagulation disorders in both animals and humans, but its effects on hemostasis have been little investigated and are poorly understood in dogs.ObjectivesThe aim of this article was to assess coagulation using TEG in a population of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy treated with PB.Material and MethodsProspective observational study. TEG was performed in blood samples from dogs with idiopathic epilepsy that were divided in three groups: Two groups of treated dogs that were on phenobarbital treatment for less or more than 6 months, and a control group of healthy dogs. Duration of treatment, dose, phenobarbital serum concentration and selected hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated and correlated with the TEG results.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between groups. None of the animals appeared to be in a hypo‐ or hypercoagulable state, however 9/19 (47,4%) dogs were classified as hyper‐fibrinolytic. A statistically significant negative relationship between MA and G values and increased fibrinolytic activity (LY30) were found. No statistically significant relationship was found between PB dose or PB blood levels and TEG parameters in either group. No bleeding complications were observed.DiscussionThe rise in fibrinolysis might be due to hepatic damage from PB, as indicated by elevated liver enzymes in many dogs with abnormal fibrinolytic patterns. Although TEG showed hyperfibrinolysis in some dogs, the presence of primary or secondary hyperfibrinolysis could not be confirmed due to the lack of D‐dimer measurements and liver biopsy. TEG’s sensitivity compared to other fibrinolysis biomarkers like PAP might also affect results.ConclusionsTThe cause of hyperfibrinolysis in epileptic dogs treated with phenobarbital remains unclear, with potential links to hepatic effects or handling, and further research is needed to assess its clinical significance.
La comunicación de la ciencia tras bastidores: estudio de caso de un colectivo de arte y ciencia
Authors: Cardona Echavarría Ana Carolina , Escobar Ortiz Jorge Manuel 
Published: September 2024

Este trabajo indaga por la construcción de productos de comunicación pública de la ciencia y la tecnología (CPCT), como contraparte a la aproximación prevalente, centrada en la relación de esos productos con el público. El estudio se concentra en las dinámicas de un colectivo de arte y ciencia en Medellín (Colombia). Como principal resultado, se constató que el colectivo se guio por una actitud pragmática, sin un papel significativo de los presupuestos y debates teóricos de la CPCT. Metodológicamente, es un estudio de caso descriptivo apoyado en el enfoque etnográfico, que documenta las prácticas según los análisis de las prácticas en los estudios de laboratorio. Tiene un alcance netamente empírico, sin pretensiones analíticas o generalizaciones a partir de un solo caso, en línea con los estudios médicos y de ciencias naturales que brindan un reporte inicial sobre un fenómeno, como contribución a metaestudios posteriores que generalicen casos semejantes.