bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma β‐endorphin levels in children with cerebral malaria
Authors: Olorunmoteni Oluwatosin Eunice , Adeodu Oluwagbemiga Oyewole , Oseni Saheed B. A. , Obuotor Efere M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesCerebral malaria (CM) is the most lethal form of malaria, yet its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Cytoadherence, sequestration, alterations in cytokine expression, inflammation, and microvascular obstruction are all hypothesized to be important in the aetio‐pathogenesis of coma which characterizes cerebral malaria and the death which sometimes result. Beta (β)‐endorphin has been postulated to be involved in the pathogenetic processes of inflammation and cytokine expression, although the exact role is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of β‐endorphin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of children with CM and compare the levels of β‐endorphin in the plasma of children with CM with that of apparently healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls at Ile‐Ife, Nigeria.Materials and MethodsAdditional to the standard investigation for CM, CSF and venous blood samples were obtained from the subjects for the determination of β‐endorphin levels.ResultsForty children with CM were studied along with forty age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The mean CSF β‐endorphin (± SD) level for the children with CM was 1.8 ± 0.9 pmol/L. The mean plasma β‐endorphin levels at admission (3.1 ± 2.0 pmol/L) and discharge (4.1 ± 3.3 pmol/L) were higher in children with CM than in the control subjects (2.7 ± 0.7 pmol/L). However, only the mean plasma β‐endorphin levels at discharge was significantly higher than that of controls (p = .012).ConclusionChildren with CM had higher mean plasma β‐endorphin levels compared to the controls and there was increased production of β‐endorphins in children with CM during the course of the illness.
Brain serotonin 4 receptor binding is inversely associated with verbal memory recall
Authors: Stenbæk Dea S. , Fisher Patrick M. , Ozenne Brice , Andersen Emil , Hjordt Liv V. , McMahon Brenda , Hasselbalch Steen G. , Frokjaer Vibe G. , Knudsen Gitte M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously identified an inverse relationship between cerebral serotonin 4 receptor (5‐HT4R) binding and nonaffective episodic memory in healthy individuals. Here, we investigate in a novel sample if the association is related to affective components of memory, by examining the association between cerebral 5‐HT4R binding and affective verbal memory recall.MethodsTwenty‐four healthy volunteers were scanned with the 5‐HT4R radioligand [11C]SB207145 and positron emission tomography, and were tested with the Verbal Affective Memory Test‐24. The association between 5‐HT4R binding and affective verbal memory was evaluated using a linear latent variable structural equation model.ResultsWe observed a significant inverse association across all regions between 5‐HT4R binding and affective verbal memory performances for positive (p = 5.5 × 10−4) and neutral (p = .004) word recall, and an inverse but nonsignificant association for negative (p = .07) word recall. Differences in the associations with 5‐HT4R binding between word categories (i.e., positive, negative, and neutral) did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionOur findings replicate our previous observation of a negative association between 5‐HT4R binding and memory performance in an independent cohort and provide novel evidence linking 5‐HT4R binding, as a biomarker for synaptic 5‐HT levels, to the mnestic processing of positive and neutral word stimuli in healthy humans.
Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Helianthemum canum l. baumg. from Turkey
Authors: Baldemir Ayşe , Gökşen Neslihan , Ildız Nilay , Karatoprak Gökçe Şeker , Koşar Müberra 
Published: March 2017

In the current study, antioxidant, antibacterial activities, and the phenolic compositions of extracts from Helianthemum canum L. Baumg. (Apiaceae) aerial parts were investigated for the first time. The H. canum was extracted with 70% methanol (HCMeOH) and water (HCW). Both extracts were determined by total phenolic contents (3 mg/ml), flavonoids (1.5 mg/ml), flavonols (1.5 mg/ml), qualitative–quantitative compositions, iron (II) chelation activities (0.1 – 5 mg/ml), free radical scavenging activities (DPPH•: 0.01 – 0.6 mg/ml and ABTS+•: 0.125 – 0.5 mg/ml) and the effect upon inhibition of β‐carotene/linoleic acid co‐oxidation (1 mg/ml). The peroxidation level was also determined using the thiobarbituric acid method (0.01 – 1.5 mg/ml). The results of the activity tests given as IC50 values were estimated from non‐linear algorithm and compared with standards. Antibacterial activities of extracts and standards were evaluated against Gram‐negative and ‐positive ten standard strains using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The MIC results (312.5 – 2500 μg/ml) against tested microorganisms varied from 625 to 2500 μg/ml. In HPLC analysis, 3,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid was found as the main substance in both extracts. These results showed that HCMeOH was richer in phenolic compounds (284.13 ± 0.30 mg GAE/g extract) from HCW (244.55 ± 0.35 mg GAE/g extract). In conclusion, H. canum extracts showed in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Iranian Lavandula × hybrida
Authors: Bajalan Iman , Rouzbahani Razieh , Pirbalouti Abdollah Ghasemi , Maggi Filippo 
Published: March 2017

Lavandin (Lavandula × hybrida) is an evergreen shrub and cultivated worldwide for its essential oil which possesses various biological activities. In this study, the essential oils were isolated from the leaves of ten lavandin populations in western Iran. The hydrodistilled essential oils were analyzed by GC‐FID/MS. Results indicated significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among the various populations for the main essential oil constituents. The major components from different populations were 1,8‐cineole (31.64 – 47.94%), borneol (17.11 – 26.14%), and camphor (8.41 – 12.68%). In vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated against S. agalactiae, S. aureus, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae. The inhibition zones were in the range of 09.36 mm for S. aureus to 23.30 mm for E. coli. Results indicated that there was a significant correlation between essential oil composition and level of antibacterial efficacy expressed as inhibition zones.
The comparative safety and effectiveness of bivalirudin versus heparin monotherapy in patients on dialysis undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan cardiovascular consortium
Authors: Sukul Devraj , Seth Milan , Schreiber Theodore , Khandelwal Akshay , Cannon Louis A. , LaLonde Thomas A. , Gurm Hitinder S. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundDialysis patients are at a higher risk of bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); however, due to their exclusion from randomized clinical trials, the optimal antithrombotic regimen for this population remains unknown. We sought to evaluate the comparative safety and effectiveness of bivalirudin monotherapy versus unfractionated heparin (UFH) monotherapy in dialysis patients undergoing PCI.MethodsWe included dialysis patients who underwent PCI in a multicenter registry between January 2010 and September 2015 at 47 Michigan hospitals. We compared in‐hospital outcomes between bivalirudin versus UFH; excluding those treated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Optimal full matching was used to account for the nonrandom use of these drugs.ResultsOf 177,963 patients who underwent PCI, 4,303 (2.4%) were on dialysis. Among those, 1,257 (29.2%) received bivalirudin monotherapy and 2,112 (49.1%) received UFH monotherapy. Patients treated with bivalirudin had fewer comorbidities. After matching, there were no significant differences in outcomes between those who received bivalirudin versus UFH: bleeding (adjusted odds ratio: 0.67; 95% confidence interval: 0.41–1.07; P = 0.093); major bleeding (0.81; 0.19–3.50; P = 0.77); transfusion (1.01; 0.77–1.33; P = 0.96); repeat PCI (0.57; 0.14–2.24; P = 0.42); stent thrombosis (0.56; 0.05–5.83; P = 0.63); and death (0.84; 0.46–1.51; P = 0.55).ConclusionsWe found no significant differences in in‐hospital outcomes between bivalirudin and UFH monotherapy among dialysis patients undergoing PCI. Randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal anticoagulant regimen for this population. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors associated with deferred lesion failure following fractional flow reserve assessment in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kennedy Mark W. , Fabris Enrico , Hermanides Renicus S. , Kaplan Emel , Borren Nanette , Berta Balazs , Koopmans Petra C. , Ottervanger Jan Paul , Suryapranata Harry , Kedhi Elvin 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo explore the predictors of deferred lesion failure (DLF) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and lesions with a fractional flow reserve (FFR) >0.80 and to examine whether a predictive relationship between negative FFR values (>0.80–1.00) and DLF exists.BackgroundDM is associated with rapidly progressive atherosclerosis and predictors of DLF in FFR negative lesions in this high‐risk group are unknown.MethodsAll DM patients who underwent FFR‐assessment between 1/01/2010 and 31/12/2013 were included, and followed until 1/7/2015. Patients carrying ≥1 FFR negative lesion(s) were assessed for DLF, and multivariate models used to identify independent factors associated with DLF.ResultsA total of 205 patients with 252 FFR >0.80 lesions were identified. At a mean follow‐up of 3.1 ± 1.4 years, DLF occurred in 29/205 (14.1%) patients, 31/252 (12.3%) lesions. Using marginal Cox regression multivariate analysis, insulin requiring DM [HR 2.24 (95%CI; 1.01–4.95), P = 0.046] and prior revascularization [HR 2.70 (95%CI 1.21–6.01), P = 0.015] were identified as being associated with a higher incidence of DLF. Absolute FFR values in FFR negative lesions in DM patients are not predictive of DLF (receiver operating characteristics curve analysis: area under the curve: 0.57 ± 0.06, 95%CI 0.46–0.69).ConclusionsIn DM patients with FFR negative lesions, insulin requiring DM and prior revascularization are predictors for DLF. In contrast to non‐DM patients, no predictive relationship between absolute negative FFR values (ranging >0.80–1.00) and the risk of DLF exists in DM patients. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exuberant liver adenomatosis presenting with iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Mota Catarina , Carvalho Ana Margarida , Fonseca Válter , Silva Marisa Teixeira , Victorino Rui M. M. 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageIntratumoral or intraperitoneal hemorrhage is a recognized complication of liver adenomatosis. We report a case of multifocal massive liver adenomatosis presenting as chronic iron deficiency anemia. Clinicians’ awareness about this atypical presentation not highlighted in the literature is important to allow timely diagnosis and surgical intervention to prevent fatal complications.
A case of HER2‐positive male occult breast carcinoma with skin and lymph node metastases that exhibited complete response to trastuzumab monotherapy
Authors: Kuninaka Kouichi , Takahashi Ryo , Nakagawa Yutaka , Nishimaki Tadashi 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageMetastatic male occult HER2‐positive breast cancer can be successfully treated with trastuzumab monotherapy.
Allergic contact dermatitis following drug rash due to chlorpheniramine maleate
Authors: Shikino Kiyoshi , Masuyama Takako , Yamashita Tomoko , Ikusaka Masatomi 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the common causes of facial swelling. Clinical clues for diagnosing ACD include a rash that spares the area behind the ears, nasolabial folds, and under the chin. Once clinicians suspect ACD, the substances that cause contact dermatitis should be avoided.
First reported case of Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome in a female fetus diagnosed prenatally with chromosomal microarray
Authors: Støve Heidi Kristine , Becher Naja , Gjørup Vibike , Ramsing Mette , Vogel Ida , Vestergaard Else Marie 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageSimpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome (SGBS) is a rare X‐linked syndrome. Female carriers may have mild manifestations. Macrosomia, polyhydramnios, and kidney and urinary tract anomalies are common findings in male fetuses. We present the first case of a severely affected female fetus with stigmata of SGBS and a deletion involving the GPC3 gene.
Recent Advances in Biosensing for Neurotransmitters and Disease Biomarkers using Microelectrodes
Authors: Chandra Shaneel , Siraj Shajahan , Wong Danny K. Y. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis Minireview focuses on recent advances in the applications of microelectrodes to detect and monitor targeted analytes in bioelectrochemical processes. Notably, these processes are electrochemically driven reactions that involve the detection of targets from the biological realm. Wide‐ranging applications of electrochemical sensors have been reported in the last few decades in various research fields, owing to favorable attributes such as high selectivity and sensitivity, rapid analysis, simplicity, easy fabrication, and cost effectiveness. Accordingly, in this Minireview, we explore recent advances in bioelectrochemistry based on small detection probes or structures modified for a variety of analytes, exploiting multi‐approach advantages of enhanced electrochemical detection surface or targeted analyte pursuit. The target analytes included in this Minireview are neurotransmitters and disease biomarkers detected using enzymatic and non‐enzymatic electrode modifications.
Experimental Study on the Influence of Filling Method and Particle Material on the Packed‐Bed Porosity
Authors: Pottbäcker Jennie , Hinrichsen Olaf 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe reliable prediction of the pressure drop of packed beds requires an accurate estimation of the packed‐bed porosity as its error propagation multiplies the occurring errors by a factor of about four. The commonly used correlations to determine porosity depend only on the tube to particle diameter ratio. To improve accuracy, the influence of the filling method and of material properties, in particular surface roughness, density, and restitution coefficient are investigated for random packings of spheres in cylindrical confining walls. Furthermore, statistical methods are applied to identify interconnecting effects between these influencing parameters.
Die lebende anionische Polymerisation
Authors: Leibig Daniel , Morsbach Jan , Grune Eduard , Herzberger Jana , Müller Axel H.E. , Frey Holger 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungVor sechzig Jahren entdeckte Michael Szwarc die lebende anionische Polymerisation. Trotz ihrer hohen synthetischen Anforderungen ist sie bis heute die präziseste Methode zur Herstellung von wohldefinierten Polymeren und inspirierte zahlreiche neue Polymerisationsmethoden. Maßgeschneiderte Blockcopolymere finden sich in den verschiedensten Anwendungen von High‐End‐Verpackungsmaterialien über die Elektronik bis hin zu Nanomedizin.
On the evaluation of Alkaline‐Surfactant‐Polymer flooding in a field scale: Screening, modelling, and optimization
Authors: Azamifard Arash , Bashiri Gholamreza , Gerami Shahab , Hemmati‐Sarapardeh Abdolhossein 
Published: March 2017

AbstractChemical enhanced oil recovery methods, including alkaline surfactant polymer (ASP) flooding, have found special significance for oil reservoirs. ASP flooding provides different situations based on ratio of injection of three ASP components. This study identifies the behaviour of injection components and their interaction, investigating the synergy between them. To this end, an Iranian oil reservoir is studied. The factors influencing the injection process are identified and then a combination of these factors and the concentration of ASP components are modelled. All modelling results are fitted with R‐squared and adjusted R‐squared values above 0.96. Finally, the optimization is conducted to determine the best injection scenario. The most important aspect of this study is to investigate simultaneously the effect of different parameters of ASP in a real case. The screening results show that the effect of polymer on viscosity is the most influential factor in ASP flooding. The modelling results show that water cut in the case of simultaneous injection of three components is less than other cases of injection. This represents the synergy of components in the injection process during ASP flooding. The miscibility between water and polymer solution also leads to less produced water and more produced oil. In the final stage, the optimization results show that the optimal scenario is injection of surfactant and polymer with the greatest amount of miscibility between water and polymer solution. It can be concluded that with this approach, ASP injection can efficiently be analyzed and optimized from a technical point of view.
Corrigendum: Viscosity Solutions to Complex Monge‐Ampère Equations
Authors: Eyssidieux Philippe , Guedj Vincent , Zeriahi Ahmed 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe proof of the comparison principle in the article cited above is not complete. We provide here an alternative proof, valid in the ample locus of any big cohomology class, and discuss the resulting modifications.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enzymatic Electrosynthesis of Formic Acid through Carbon Dioxide Reduction in a Bioelectrochemical System: Effect of Immobilization and Carbonic Anhydrase Addition
Authors: Srikanth Sandipam , Alvarez‐Gallego Yolanda , Vanbroekhoven Karolien , Pant Deepak 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe enzymatic electrosynthesis of formic acid from the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) by using formate dehydrogenase (FDH) as a catalyst at the cathode in both its free and immobilized forms was studied in detail in a bioelectrochemical system (BES). The essential role of solubilizing CO2 for its conversion was also studied by adding carbonic anhydrase (CA) to the FDH enzyme in both its free and immobilized forms. FDH alone in the free form showed large variation in the reduction current [(−6.2±3.9) A m−2], whereas the immobilized form showed less variation [(−3.8±0.5) A m−2] due to increased enzyme stability. The addition of CA with FDH increased the consumption of the current in both forms due to the fact that it allowed rapid dissolution of CO2, which made it available for the catalytic reaction with FDH. Remarkably, stable consumption of the current was observed throughout the operation if both CA and FDH were immobilized onto the electrode [(−3.9±0.2) A m−2]. Product formation by the immobilized enzyme was also continued for three repetitive cycles, which revealed the longevity of the enzyme after immobilization. The recyclability of NADH (NAD=nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was also clearly evidenced on the derivative voltammetric signature. Extension of this study for continuous and long‐term operation may reveal more possibilities for the rapid capture and conversion of CO2.
The Quantitative Characterization of Functional Allosteric Effects
Authors: Kenakin Terry 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSeven‐transmembrane receptors (7TMRs or GPCRs [G protein–coupled receptors]) are nature's prototypic allosteric proteins in that they mediate the interaction between ligand binding to the receptor and the receptor interacting with another cell signaling protein. A growing class of potential drugs acting through 7TMRs are allosteric in nature in that they bind to a separate site on the receptor protein to modify the interactions between the receptor, natural binding/orthosteric ligand, and signaling proteins. Two main allosteric compound categories are those that increase (positive allosteric modulators [PAMs]) and those that decrease (negative allosteric modulators [NAMs]) receptor‐mediated responses. Described in this overview are the molecular parameters used to measure and quantify the interaction of PAMs and NAMs with GPCRs. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Design Principles for Covalent Organic Frameworks in Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Alahakoon Sampath B. , Thompson Christina M. , Occhialini Gino , Smaldone Ronald A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an exciting class of porous materials that have been explored as energy‐storage materials for more than a decade. This review discusses efforts to develop these materials for applications in gas and electrical power storage. Some of the design strategies for developing the gas sorption properties of COFs and mechanistic studies on their formation are also discussed.
Quantum circuit physical design flow for 2D nearest‐neighbor architectures
Authors: Farghadan Azim , Mohammadzadeh Naser 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe physical design process takes a netlist generated by the logic synthesis process and places and routes the netlist on a physical platform. In some physical platforms, physical qubits must be placed on a 2D grid. Each node of the grid represents a qubit. In these platforms, performing quantum gates on non‐adjacent qubits is very error prone or hard to control. Therefore, quantum gates are limited to be performed on adjacent qubits. A communication channel of swap gates needs to be constructed if the qubits in the logical circuit are not adjacent. The algorithms used for mapping of qubits on the grid have important roles in reducing the number of swap gates and thus decreasing of the circuit latency. Focusing on this issue, in this paper, a flow for physical design of quantum circuits on a 2D grid is proposed. It contains three algorithms for finding the order of qubit placement, physical qubit placement, and routing. Simulation results show that the proposed flow not only decreases the average number of swap gates by about 16% compared with the best in the literature but also improves the average runtime by about 94% compared with it. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selectivity and sensitivity enhancement methods for high‐data‐rate super‐regenerative receiver
Authors: Mousavi Samaneh , Saeedi Saeed 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThis paper describes selectivity and sensitivity performance evaluations and improvement methods for an on–off keying super‐regenerative (SR) receiver. A slope‐controlled quasi‐exponential quench waveform, generated by a low‐complexity PVT‐tolerant quench generator circuit, is proposed to increase data rate and reduce the receiver 3‐dB bandwidth, thereby preventing oscillation caused by out‐of‐band injected signals and improving the receiver selectivity. The SR receiver sensitivity is also enhanced by a noise‐canceling front‐end topology with single‐ended to differential (S2D) signal converter. To exemplify these techniques, we designed an SR receiver with the proposed front‐end and quench waveform generator in a 0.18‐μm CMOS technology. Theoretical analyses and circuit simulations show 30% and 65% reduction in 3‐dB bandwidth of the SR receiver at 25 Mbps data rate by employing the proposed quench signal compared with piecewise‐linear and trapezoidal quench waveforms, respectively. Performance of the proposed front‐end is evaluated by a fast bit‐error‐rate estimation procedure, based on circuit noise simulations and statistical analyses, without the need for time‐consuming transient‐noise simulations. Accuracy of the procedure has been verified by comparing its results with transient‐noise simulations. According to the estimated bit‐error‐rate curves, the noise‐canceling topology with S2D converter enhances the SR receiver sensitivity by 9 dB. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.