bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-morbidity of psychiatric/physical disorders with alcohol abuse/dependence in a sample of clients of the emergency department of the psychiatric hospital of Attica–Greece
Authors: Tsaklakidou D. , Rizavas I. , Efstathiou V. , Christodoulou C. , Papadopoulou A. , Douzenis A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIncreased coexistence of psychiatric symptoms in patients with alcohol abuse/addiction is highlighted in the literature. Equally high is the coexistence of physical illnesses due to the harmful effects of alcohol.AimsTo record the profile and the characteristics of individuals with psychiatric/somatic co-morbidity who attend the psychiatric emergency department/(PED) of the largest psychiatric hospital in Greece.Methods/ResultsA total of 1058 individuals, with a mean age of 44.4 years, were identified having alcohol problems in a five-year time period (2010–2015) in the context of the PED, while the majority of them was found to have psychiatric co-morbidity. The most common diagnosis was psychotic syndromes (24.2%), followed by affective (23.8%), personality (12.5%), and somatoform and anxiety disorders (6.3%). About 3% of the sample presented acute alcohol poisoning or severe withdrawal symptoms, coexistence with severe somatic disease and organic mental disorders. More than a third (37%) of them had to be hospitalized, while the involuntary hospitalization rates (21%) were higher than the voluntary ones (16%). Finally, 13.65% suffered from co-morbid somatic diseases with need of immediate emergency and hospital care.ConclusionsThe abuse and/or dependence of alcohol are largely associated with the coexistence of psychiatric and physical diseases. The psychiatric and physical co-morbidity, as regards attendance and hospitalization–involuntary and voluntary–, present a higher rate in men (86%) and mainly affects people of productive age. Additional data are needed to explore detailed factors that could contribute to a better design of more appropriate services for patients with alcohol use disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychopathological aspects of appearance dissatisfaction in aesthetic medicine
Authors: Medvedev V. , Frolova V. , Vissarionov V. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe pathogenesis of dissatisfaction of the own appearance in patients without obvious abnormalities is still unexplored. The aim of the study was to investigate the structure of psychopathological disorders in patients without evident appearance abnormalities seeking for surgical or cosmetological correction.MethodsStudy sample has included 227 women (average age: 35.8 ± 4.9 years) and 54 men (average age: 30.9 ± 5.7 years)–patients of plastic surgery and cosmetology clinic. The study used clinical psychopathological and follow-up methods of examination.ResultsWe have found the heterogeneous spectrum of mental disorders in this group of patients: overvalued dysmorphophobia was diagnosed in 26%, anxiety-phobic disorders–23.1%, obsessive-compulsive disorders–in 11%, depression–in 32%, delusional disorders–in 7.5% of patients.ConclusionsThe results of our study show that the phenomenon of dissatisfaction with the appearance without obvious cosmetic defects manifests in the course of wide spectrum of mental disorders. The follow-up shows no improvement and even worsening of patients’ mental state after cosmetological or surgical treatment. Decision about possibility and extent of the operation should be based on the analysis of patient's mental state and motive for reference to aesthetic medicine specialist.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Second generation direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) Treatment on HCV+ patients: Patient reported outcomes (PROs) and psychiatric symptoms in a real world setting sample
Authors: Moneglia M. , Santangelo A. , Burian I. , Gragnani L. , Elisa F. , Quargnolo M. , Pallanti S. , Zignego A.L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAnti-HCV treatments are moving away from interferon-alpha towards DAAs, associated with fewer side effects, better tolerability, and better PROs.AimsTo describe neuropsychiatric symptoms and PROs during DAAs treatment in a group of HCV+ patients.MethodsForty outpatients, scheduled for DAAs treatment, were assessed at enrolment (T0), 4 weeks (T1), at the end of treatment (EOT) and after 12 weeks of follow up (F-UP), by means of MDRS, HAM-D, HAM-A, MRS, Y-BOCS and SF-36. Afterwards the sample was divided into two groups as a function of a positive psychiatric history (19) and compared with each other.ResultsTotal sample mean scores between W0 and F-UP were compared and an improving trend was observed in all administered scales. An SF-36 items analysis showed a statistically significant difference in emotional role functioning between W0 vs EOT and EOT vs F-UP, in change in overall health status between W0 vs EOT and W0 vs F-UP.A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a positive psychiatric history was not associated with an improvement in vitality of 4.3 (minimal clinically important difference). Comparing the two groups, no significant fluctuations in SF-36 scores were founded and major deviations score increases were recorded in patients with a psychiatric history in all scales.ConclusionsOur real world data shows that new regimens do not seem to be associated with psychiatric side effects and conversely a clinical improvement compared to baseline was found, suggesting an immediate gain in PROs over the treatment period, particularly the psychiatric subgroup.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Exact psychiatry: Six axioms
Authors: Vargas M.L. 
Published: June 2017

Psychiatry is a clinical technological practice where the rational fundaments, methods and knowledge “corpus” have a scientific nature. The science philosopher Mario Bunge proposes that philosophy, as well as science, may tend to be exact. Philosophy of science is the rational setting where any scientific discipline can ascribe sense to its theoretical models and factual sentences. Axiomatization is the method to exactify a discipline. By axiomatization, we can exactify psychiatry as “medicine of the soma”, therefore avoiding fallacies in the theoretical models we use.ObjectiveTo describe six axioms for the definition of “exact psychiatry” as “medicine of the soma”. Six axioms will be defined and explained. They are ordered attending to hierarchical and historical priority:–axiom of the cultural universal of social cohesion: since the antiquity all cultures have cultural universals which promote social cohesion;–axiom of healing as a form of “isonomia”: health-related cultural constructs are related with help receiving due to body vulnerability. It appears with Hippocratic medicine;–axiom of nosological realism: diseases really exist. They are biological regularities that accelerate death. It appears in the 17th century;–axiom of illness subjectivity: the personal impact of disease is subjective. There exist diseases in patients. It appears in the 20th century;–axiom of the unification of neuroscience: psychiatry and neurology have the same ontological reference, brain diseases. It consolidates in the 21st century;–axiom of clinical phenomenology as the epistemological specificity of psychiatry: clinical phenomenology characterizes “soma” as the referring of psychiatry. The future.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
A crossroad in ADHD – adult-onset ADHD
Authors: Ponte A. , Prata Ribeiro H. , Carvalhão Gil L. , Pereira D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder characterized by inattention or hyperactivity–impulsivity, or both. For a long time, ADHD was thought of as a disorder of children which would sometimes persist into adulthood. DSM 5 uses as a criterion that several symptoms have to be present prior to age 12 years.ObjectivesTo discuss the findings of 3 recent cohorts that show the onset of ADHD in adulthood.MethodsA review of selected articles of interest using PubMed database.Results3 large, longitudinal, population studies from Brazil, New Zealand (NZ) and the United Kingdom (UK) show that we are at a crossroads in our understanding of ADHD. In each study, the prevalence of adult-onset ADHD (Brazil, 10.3%; UK, 5.5%; and NZ, 2.7%) was much larger than the prevalence of childhood-onset adult ADHD (UK, 2.6%; Brazil, 1.5%; and NZ, 0.3%). They all propose different conclusions that would result in a paradigmatic shift in ADHD: in Brazil, that child and adult ADHD are “distinct syndromes”; in the UK, “that adult ADHD is more complex than a straightforward continuation of the childhood disorder” and in NZ, that adult ADHD is “not a neurodevelopmental disorder”. Faraone et al., in an editorial in JAMA Psychiatry, propose that these findings might correlate to subthreshold child ADHD before it emerges as adolescent- or adult-onset ADHD.ConclusionsIt's an exciting time in ADHD research. These new data work as an incentive to study adult-onset ADHD and how it emerges. Future research will shape our understanding of adult ADHD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Investigation of internet dependent and depressive symptoms among secondary school students
Authors: Karaca S. , Uyanık E. , Kenç M. , İşlek M. , Aksu R. , Ongun E. , Unsal Barlas G. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionInternet use and depression is a significant problem regardless of social status and in almost all age groups. Internet addiction in adolescents is considered to be the most important risk groups.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to determine correlation of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms among secondary school students.MethodThis research was conducted at two secondary public schools in İstanbul during 2015-2016 academic year. Ethics committee approval and permission was obtained from the Directorate of National Education Institutions. The population of the study was 2121 students. The sample group was 1312 students who completely filled in measuring instruments. The measuring instruments consisted of a personal information form, Internet Dependency Scale (IDS) and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). The data were analyzed with the descriptive statistical analysis and Pearson correlation test.ResultsThe average of students’ age was 12.44 ± 1.20. 50.2% of the sample were women. 53.8% of the sample spent 1–2 hours per day in Internet. Mean IDS point was 38.942 ± 12.90 and mean CDI point was 12.52 ± 7.13. According to the IDS cutpoint; 80.9% of students were normal users, 18,4% of them were high-risk users and 0.6% of them were Internet dependents. According to the CDI cutpoint, 16.8% of the students had depressive symptoms. A statistically significant moderate correlation was found between mean scores of CDI and IDS (r = 0.414; P < 0.01).ConclusionsThere is a relation between Internet dependent and depressive symptoms. This finding supports the outcomes of previously performed studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Brain pathway differences between Parkinson's disease patients with and without depressive symptoms
Authors: Mohammadi Jooyandeh S. , Baghai T.C. , Aarabi M.H. , Dolatshahi M. , Langguth B. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDepression occurs frequently in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the neural basis of depression in PD remains unclear. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (DMRI) connectometry is based on the spin distribution function (SDF), which quantifies the density of diffusing water.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the microstructural changes in the brain connectivity of PD patients with and without depressive symptoms.MethodsDMRI was used to assess microstructural abnormalities in the brains of 16 PD patients with depressive symptoms compared to 11 PD patients without depressive symptoms. Data used in the preparation of this paper were obtained from the Parkinson's progression markers initiative (PPMI) database (http://www.ppmi-info.org/data/). This dataset was acquired on a 3-Tesla scanner (Siemens), producing 64 DWI at b = 1000 s/mm2 and one b0 image. Diffusion MRI data were corrected for subject motion, eddy current distortions, and susceptibility artefacts due to magnetic field inhomogeneity. DMRI connectometry was conducted in a total of 27 patients using percentage measurement.ResultsPD Patients with depressive symptoms showed decreased anisotropy (FDR < 0.05) in the fornix bilaterally, left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and corticospinal tract bilaterally compared to PD patients without depressive symptoms.ConclusionsLesser WM integrity of the left ILF fibers, which connect visual face recognition areas to the amygdala and hippocampus, seems to be associated with depressive symptoms in PD patients. Our study supports the hypothesis that neurodegenerative processes in projections from the somatosensory, cingulate, and insular cortices may be related to depression in PD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Meta-analysis of aberrant brain activity in psychopathy
Authors: Poeppl T. , Donges M. , Rupprecht R. , Fox P. , Laird A. , Bzdok D. , Langguth B. , Eickhoff S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPsychopathy is characterized by superficial charm, untruthfulness, lack of remorse, antisocial behavior, egocentricity as well as poverty in major affective reactions. This clinical profile has been empirically conceptualized and validated. Recent brain imaging studies suggest abnormal brain activity underlying psychopathic behavior. However, no reliable pattern of altered neural activity has been disclosed so far.ObjectiveTo identify consistent changes of brain activity in psychopaths and to investigate whether these could explain known psychopathology.MethodsFirst, we used activation likelihood estimation to meta-analyze brain activation changes in psychopaths across 28 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies reporting 753 foci from 155 analyses (P < 0.05, corrected). Second, we functionally characterized the ensuing regions employing meta-data of a large-scale neuroimaging database (P < 0.05, corrected).ResultsPsychopathy was consistently associated with decreased brain activity in the right amygdala, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), and bilaterally in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC). Consistently increased activity was observed bilaterally in the fronto-insular cortex (FIC) (Fig. 1). Moreover, we found that the physiological functional role of the candidate regions related to social cognition (DMFPC), cognitive speech and semantic processing (left FIC/LPFC), emotional and cognitive reward processing (right amygdala/FIC) as well as somesthesis and executive functions (RLPFC).ConclusionPsychopathy is characterized by abnormal brain activity of bilateral prefrontal cortices and the right amygdala, which mediate psychological functions known to be impaired in psychopaths. Hence, aberrant neural activity can account for pertinent psychopathology in psychopathy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Audit of patients with intellectual disabilities accessing a specialist neuropsychiatry service for epilepsy management
Authors: Adetoki A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEpilepsy is a frequent co-morbidity in patients with intellectual disabilities, some of whom require specialist services. The National institute for health and care excellence (NICE) has recommended that there should be equity of access to high quality of care regardless of the existence of a diagnosis of intellectual disability.ObjectivesTo observe current practice with regards to NICE guidelines for epilepsy care in patients with intellectual disability.AimsTo identify the level of compliance with NICE guidelines and provide evidence which may inform care planning processes.MethodsA retrospective review of the electronic and paper-based records of a total sample of intellectually disabled patients who accessed a specialist neuropsychiatry service for the management of epilepsy during a six-month period was carried out.ResultsThe records of 21 patients whose ages ranged from 20 to 58 years were audited. The waiting period ranged from 4 weeks to 46 weeks. There was evidence of Carer involvement in the management of 100% of the patients and seizure improvement since referral was documented in 66%. Non- medication treatment was offered in 67% of cases. Evidence of special considerations in view of patient's intellectual disability was recorded in 24%, best interest considerations in 24% and capacity assessment in 19%.ConclusionsThere is a significant improvement in the symptoms of 66% of patients in this audit. However there is room for improvement and a more specific plan for patients with intellectual disabilities should facilitate this.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Health-related quality of life and work productivity of adults with ADHD: A UK web-based survey
Authors: Asherson P. , Kosmas C. , Patel C. , Doll H. , Joseph A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEuropean data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the general population is sparse.Aims and objectivesTo report HRQoL in UK adults with ADHD.MethodsUK residents aged 18–55 years with a diagnosis of adult ADHD completed an online, cross-sectional survey including questions on disease history, the EuroQol Five Dimensions questionnaire with five-levels (EQ-5D-5L) and the Work productivity and activity impairment questionnaire: general health (WPAI:GH). ADHD symptom severity was assessed by telephone using ADHD rating scale version IV with adult prompts (ADHD-RS-IV).ResultsThe survey was completed by 233 participants (65.2% women; 77.3% white British), mean age 32.6 years (standard deviation [SD] 9.5), mean ADHD-RS-IV total score 43.46 (SD 7.88). Their mean EQ-5D-5L utility score of 0.74 (SD 0.21) was lower than the UK population norm of 0.86 (SD 0.23).[1] WPAI:GH scores indicated that health problems resulted in impairments of 32.04% in work productivity and 45.79% in regular daily activities. Regression analyses adjusting for gender, age and comorbidities demonstrated associations between EQ-5D-5L utility scores and gender (men had lower scores, P < 0.001), work impairment due to health problems (increasing impairment was associated with lower scores, P = 0.005) and age (for each additional year of age, scores decreased by 0.007, P = 0.010).ConclusionsThese results highlight the impact on health utility, work productivity and regular daily activities, and add to the description of the disease burden of adult ADHD in the UK.This study was funded by Shire Development LLC.Disclosure of interestKings College London research support account for Asherson received honoraria for consultancy to Shire, Eli-Lilly and Novartis educational/research awards from Shire, Lilly, Novartis, Vifor Pharma, GW Pharma and QbTech speaker at sponsored events for Shire, Lilly and Novartis.
Gender differences in overgeneralized autobiographical memory in survivors of torture with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Giannouli V. , Popa S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPersons suffering from PTSD show less episodic specificity in recalling autobiographical memories producing what is often referred to as “overgeneralized memories” as it is shown by scientific studies.ObjectiveIn this research, we are focusing our attention on whether this phenomenon is the same for both men and women or it shows gender specificity.MethodThe rehabilitation center for torture victims “Memoria” provided information about people who have recently experienced torture. Some of these victims of torture volunteered to participate in the current research. The participants were assessed with the Harvard trauma questionnaire in order to identify whether they suffer from PTSD or not. A sample of 40 torture survivors with PTSD was selected for the research–20 men and 20 women. The age range is between 20 and 45. On a computer screen, we presented the cue words with the task to recall a past event and time period (month or 5–20 years). The participants pressed a computer key indicating when an event had been recalled, and then, it was described in an audio recorder. The responses were scored 3 for a specific event, 2 a repeated over time event, 1 a general event, 0 none.ResultsBoth sexes revealed a significant correlation between specificity for autobiographical memories and episodic simulations, only in case of women this correlation is higher compared with men (r = 0.83 P < 0.001).ConclusionsFurther research is needed in order to eliminate causalities and to extend the results on other populations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The effectiveness of first-time-mother parent education for infant interaction and sense of parenting competence during the first year in Taiwan
Authors: Chung F.F. , Wan G.H. , Liu H.E. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundWhen new mothers do not understand how to interact with their newborn babies, they would increase anxiety, even decrease the quality of parent-infant interactions. Previous studies indicate that the postpartum parenting education for first-time-mothers can improve the quality of mother-infant interactions in first two months. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of parenting education for postpartum women during the first year.MethodsThe study recruited 81 healthy first-time-mother infant dyads from the medical center in Taipei city. The experimental and control groups received extra education by way of a 40-minute videotape and normal postpartum care, respectively. Data from around first week (T1), followed by the third (T2), sixth (T3), ninth (T4), and twelfth (T5) month postpartum are collected. Assessment scales such as the Edinburgh perinatal depression scale (EPDS), the Chinese version of the parenting sense of competence scale (C-PSOC), and the Nursing child assessment teaching scale (NCATS) used for videotaped mother-infant interactions measurement were used in the study.ResultsThe analytical results show that the quality of mother-infant interaction increased at T2, T3, T4, and T5 in the experimental group (Fig. 1). No different change in maternal sense of competency was found in the experimental and control groups from T1 to T4. However, a positive change in sense of parenting competency at T5 was found in the experimental group (Fig. 2). No difference in postpartum depression was found between the two groups (Fig. 3).ConclusionsThe first-time-mothers parent education has long-term effectiveness in the mother-infant dyad interaction quality.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.