bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Janus‐faced nature of colorblindness: Social dominance orientation moderates the relationship between colorblindness and outgroup attitudes
Authors: Yogeeswaran Kumar , Davies Thomas , Sibley Chris G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractColorblindness is a popular diversity ideology promoted as a means to intergroup harmony in ethnically diverse nations. While some research suggests that colorblindness reduces intergroup bias, other work suggests that colorblindness may increase it. The present research utilizes a national sample of European New Zealanders to examine whether the relationship between colorblind endorsement and outgroup attitudes is moderated by perceivers' individual differences in social dominance orientation (SDO). Data revealed that for participants low in SDO, colorblind beliefs predicted more negative attitudes toward ethnic minorities. However, for those high in SDO, colorblind beliefs predicted more positive attitudes toward ethnic minorities. Taken together, these findings suggest that colorblindness is not all good or bad for intergroup relations—instead, its effects may depend on perceivers' own egalitarian sentiments.
Imaging of Concentration Distributions and Hydrogen Evolution on Corroding Magnesium Exposed to Aqueous Environments Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Izquierdo Javier , Fernández‐Pérez Bibiana M. , Filotás Dániel , Őri Zsuzsanna , Kiss András , Martín‐Gómez Romen T. , Nagy Lívia , Nagy Géza , Souto Ricardo M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractScanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) is presented as an essential tool for the local characterization of the still uncertain mechanism for magnesium corrosion. The reaction leading to magnesium release and hydrogen evolution from separated magnesium cathodes and anodes has been imaged using an adequate combination of the operation modes available in SECM. Magnesium ion selective microelectrodes (Mg‐ISME's) were used for the visualization of the heterogeneously distributed release of magnesium (II) species. Antimony microelectrodes detected the pH gradients in the adjacent electrolyte resulting from either water or magnesium electrolysis, whereas platinum microdiscs were used to monitor the concomitant local evolution of hydrogen. Alkalization and H2 generation were observed over the magnesium strip polarized as cathode, whereas a small local acidification was observed above the strip polarized anodically, at which extensive heterogeneous magnesium release was also imaged.
Blurring Boundaries: Drama as a Critical Multimodal Literacy for Examining 17th‐Century Witch Hunts
Authors: Schroeter Sara , Wager Amanda C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article illustrates how critical multimodal literacy practices engage secondary students to further explore differences and similarities between past and present instances of discrimination within a process drama, where students and teachers explore a topic through unscripted role‐play. Data from a classroom‐based ethnography are drawn on to show how students in two grade 9 social studies classes made meaning from their engagements with a process drama about 17th‐century witch hunts. The authors use field notes, interviews, and photographs to reveal some of the complexities of using drama in the classroom, while highlighting the relevance of critical multimodal literacy practices for creating meaningful engagements with curriculum.
Partite Saturation Problems
Authors: Roberts Barnaby 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe look at several saturation problems in complete balanced blow‐ups of graphs. We let denote the blow‐up of H onto parts of size n and refer to a copy of H in as partite if it has one vertex in each part of . We then ask how few edges a subgraph G of can have such that G has no partite copy of H but such that the addition of any new edge from creates a partite H. When H is a triangle this value was determined by Ferrara, Jacobson, Pfender, and Wenger in . Our main result is to calculate this value for when n is large. We also give exact results for paths and stars and show that for 2‐connected graphs the answer is linear in n whilst for graphs that are not 2‐connected the answer is quadratic in n. We also investigate a similar problem where G is permitted to contain partite copies of H but we require that the addition of any new edge from creates an extra partite copy of H. This problem turns out to be much simpler and we attain exact answers for all cliques and trees.
Scorecard implementation improves identification of postpartum patients at risk for venous thromboembolism
Authors: Berkin Jill A. , Lee Colleen , Landsberger Ellen , Chazotte Cynthia , Bernstein Peter S. , Goffman Dena 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate if an intensive educational intervention in the use of a standardized venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment tool (scorecard) improves physicians’ identification and chemoprophylaxis of postpartum patients at risk for VTE.MethodsAfter implementation of a VTE scorecard and prior to an intensive educational intervention, postpartum patients (n = 140) were evaluated to assess scorecard completion, risk factors, and chemoprophylaxis. A performance improvement campaign focusing on patient safety, VTE prevention, and scorecard utilization was then conducted. Evaluation of the same parameters was subsequently performed for a similar group of patients (n = 133). Differences in scorecard utilization and risk assessment were tested for statistical significance.ResultsPopulation‐at‐risk rates were similar in both assessment periods (31.4% vs 28.6%; p = NS). The greatest risk factors included cesarean delivery, body mass index (BMI) >30 and age >35. Scorecard completion rates for all patients increased in the postintervention period (15.7% vs 67.7%; p < .001). Postintervention scorecard completion rates for the at‐risk population also improved (20% vs 79%; p < .001). In the postintervention group, those at risk with completed scorecards had higher prophylaxis rates than those at risk without scorecards (73% vs 25%; p = .03). At‐risk patients with completed scorecards had 2.6 times more orders for chemoprophylaxis than at‐risk patients without scorecards in both time periods (odds ratio [OR] = 8.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1–22.8).ConclusionUtilization of a VTE scorecard coupled with an educational intervention for health care providers increases detection and chemoprophylaxis orders for at‐risk patients. Encouraging universal scorecard assessment standardizes identification and chemoprophylaxis of at‐risk patients who were otherwise not perceived to be at risk.
Crabs grab strongly depending on mechanical advantages of pinching and disarticulation of chela
Authors: Fujiwara Shin‐ichi , Kawai Hiroki 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTA small morphological variation of an organ may cause a major change of its function in animal evolution. The function of decapod chela varies considerably among taxa, between sex, and even within an individual, but also retains a simple mechanism of motion. Therefore, the decapod chela is a suitable structure to study the evolutionary process of functional diversifications, although the relationship of form and function is inadequately understood, yet. We estimated the mechanical advantages of pinching and passive disarticulation resistance, and chela size relative to the carapace in 317 chelae of 168 decapod specimens, and compared these indices with the functions of each chela. Our study revealed that mechanical advantages of pinching efficiency and passive disarticulation resistance were greatest in shell‐crushing chelae, followed by gripping and pinching chelae, whereas the chela size relative to the carapace was not related to differences among these functions. We also found that the chelae are designed to retain the ratio between depth and width of the proximal dactylus. In the evolutionary process of decapods, the diversifications of chela functions were accompanied by the diversifications of the mechanical advantages, and played an essential role in their ecological diversification. J. Morphol. 277:1259–1272, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Terminal Sterilization on PEG‐Based Bioresorbable Polymers Used in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Bhatnagar Divya , Dube Koustubh , Damodaran Vinod B. , Subramanian Ganesan , Aston Kenneth , Halperin Frederick , Mao Meiyu , Pricer Kurt , Murthy N. Sanjeeva , Kohn Joachim 
Published: July 2016

The effects of ethylene oxide (EO), vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP), gamma (γ) radiation, and electron‐beam (E‐beam) on the physiochemical and morphological properties of medical device polymers are investigated. Polymers with ether, carbonate, carboxylic acid, amide and ester functionalities are selected from a family of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) containing tyrosine‐derived polycarbonates (TyrPCs) to include slow, medium, fast, and ultra‐fast degrading polymers. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is used for comparison. Molecular weight (Mw) of all tested polymers decreases upon gamma and E‐beam, and this effect becomes more pronounced at higher PEG content. Gamma sterilization increases the glass transition temperature of polymers with high PEG content. EO esterifies the carboxylic acid groups in desaminotyrosol‐tyrosine (DT) and causes significant degradation. VHP causes hydroxylation of the phenyl ring, and hydrolytic degradation. This study signifies the importance of the chemical composition when selecting a sterilization method, and provides suggested conditions for each of the sterilization methods.
image
Transcending the prediction paradigm: novel applications of SHAPE to RNA function and evolution
Authors: Kutchko Katrina M. , Laederach Alain 
Published: July 2016

Selective 2′‐hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) provides information on RNA structure at single‐nucleotide resolution. It is most often used in conjunction with RNA secondary structure prediction algorithms as a probabilistic or thermodynamic restraint. With the recent advent of ultra‐high‐throughput approaches for collecting SHAPE data, the applications of this technology are extending beyond structure prediction. In this review, we discuss recent applications of SHAPE data in the transcriptomic context and how this new experimental paradigm is changing our understanding of these experiments and RNA folding in general. SHAPE experiments probe both the secondary and tertiary structure of an RNA, suggesting that model‐free approaches for within and comparative RNA structure analysis can provide significant structural insight without the need for a full structural model. New methods incorporating SHAPE at different nucleotide resolutions are required to parse these transcriptomic data sets to transcend secondary structure modeling with global structural metrics. These ‘multiscale’ approaches provide deeper insights into RNA global structure, evolution, and function in the cell. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1374. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1374This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry
RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
Crouching theropod at the seaside. Matching footprints with metatarsal impressions and theropod authopods: a morphometric approach
Authors: ROMANO M. , CITTON P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe compare theropod footprints with elongate metatarsal prints from central Italy with known autopod structures in major theropod groups, in order to more accurately define the trackmaker attribution. Our work, using morphometric analysis, shows the considerable potential of explorative methods such as PCA (principal component analysis) and cluster analysis when describing important characters for a given taxonomic group (body and ichnofossils) and identifying important anatomical regions. Moreover, the results of the analysis suggest that the putative trackmaker is likely a member of Ornithomimosauria, with significant affinities in the posterior autopod structure with the genus Struthiomimus. The fundamental importance of integrating both osteological and ichnological data, when investigating locomotor and behavioural hypotheses, is highlighted. This approach could also contribute positively to the complex cognitive process of trackmaker identification and be favourable for the attainment of a more natural definition of ichnotaxa.
The Fasti for the Reign of Gaius
Authors: Gallivan P. A. 
Published: July 2016

The consular fasti for the first two years of the reign of Gaius have their full complement of consuls. Degrassi lists them as follows:
37*Cn. Acerronius Proculus, C. Petronius Pontius Nigrinusk. Iul. C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus, Ti. Claudius Nero Germamicusk. Sept. A. Caecina Paetus, C. Caninius Rebilus38*M. Aquila Iulianus, P. Nonius Asprenask. Iul. Ser. Asinius Celer, Sex. Nonius Quintilianus (Quinctilianus)The most noteworthy feature about these years is that in 37 there is a change in the normal pattern for allocating consulships within each year. This pattern had been established by August in 5 B.C. In those years in which an ordinarius left office before the end of the year, he did so at the end of June and was replaced by a suffectus on the first day of July who remained in office for the remainder of the year. However since the year 37 saw the beginning of a new reign, the change is not difficult to explain. It is also noteworthy that Gaius and his uncle Claudius took office for only two months and then allowed A. Caecina Paetus and C. Caninius Rebilus to assume the consulships for which they had been designated. The year 38 shows a return to the regular pattern.
Fluoreszenzoptische Bildgebung
Authors: Werner S. , Langer H.-E. 
Published: July 2016

ZusammenfassungICG-gestützte fluoreszenzoptische Bildgebung (fluoreszenzoptisches Imaging, FOI) ist eine neuere Technologie zur Entzündungsdiagnostik. Mit der Darstellung von (Neo)Angiogenese, Hypervaskularisation, Hyperämie und veränderter Kapillarpermeabilität stützt sie sich auf frühe pathomorphologische Veränderungen in der Pathogenese einer Arthritis. Umfangreiche Validierungsstudien gegenüber Arthrosonografie einschließlich Power-Doppler-Sonografie und MRT zeigen eine hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität. Die Methode erweitert das diagnostische Armamentarium insbesondere bei der Früharthritisdiagnostik, der Differenzialdiagnostik, der Verlaufsbeurteilung und beim Therapiemonitoring entzündlich-rheumatischer Erkrankungen und in der Kinderrheumatologie und eröffnet zum Teil neue diagnostische Fenster. Als lichtoptisches, fluorophor-gestütztes, mikroangiografisches Verfahren verwendet FOI andere physikalische Grundlagen als die herkömmliche Bildgebung und tritt damit nicht als konkurrierende Methode auf, sondern ergänzt die konventionellen Techniken in einem bislang nicht abgedeckten, speziellen diagnostischen Bereich.
Identification and characterization of d-arabinose reductase and d-arabinose transporters from Pichia stipitis
Authors: Watanabe Seiya , Utsumi Yuki , Sawayama Shigeki , Watanabe Yasuo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
d-xylose and l-arabinose are the major constituents of plant lignocelluloses, and the related fungal metabolic pathways have been extensively examined. Although Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 grows using d-arabinose as the sole carbon source, the hypothetical pathway has not yet been clarified at the molecular level. We herein purified NAD(P)H-dependent d-arabinose reductase from cells grown on d-arabinose, and found that the enzyme was identical to the known d-xylose reductase (XR). The enzyme activity of XR with d-arabinose was previously reported to be only 1% that with d-xylose. The kcat/Km value with d-arabinose (1.27 min−1 mM−1), which was determined using the recombinant enzyme, was 13.6- and 10.5-fold lower than those with l-arabinose and d-xylose, respectively. Among the 34 putative sugar transporters from P. stipitis, only seven genes exhibited uptake ability not only for d-arabinose, but also for d-glucose and other pentose sugars including d-xylose and l-arabinose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Inter-laboratory optimization of protein extraction, separation, and fluorescent detection of endogenous rice allergens
Authors: Satoh Rie , Teshima Reiko , Kitta Kazumi , Lang Gang-Hua , Schegg Kathleen , Blumenthal Kenneth , Hicks Leslie , Labory-Carcenac Bénédicte , Rouquié David , Herman Rod A , Herouet-Guicheney Corinne , Ladics Gregory S , McClain Scott , Poulsen Lars K , Privalle Laura , Ward Jason M , Doerrer Nancy , Rascle Jean-Baptiste 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In rice, several allergens have been identified such as the non-specific lipid transfer protein-1, the α-amylase/trypsin-inhibitors, the α-globulin, the 33 kDa glyoxalase I (Gly I), the 52–63 kDa globulin, and the granule-bound starch synthetase. The goal of the present study was to define optimal rice extraction and detection methods that would allow a sensitive and reproducible measure of several classes of known rice allergens. In a three-laboratory ring-trial experiment, several protein extraction methods were first compared and analyzed by 1D multiplexed SDS-PAGE. In a second phase, an inter-laboratory validation of 2D-DIGE analysis was conducted in five independent laboratories, focusing on three rice allergens (52 kDa globulin, 33 kDa glyoxalase I, and 14–16 kDa α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor family members). The results of the present study indicate that a combination of 1D multiplexed SDS-PAGE and 2D-DIGE methods would be recommended to quantify the various rice allergens.
New principals, accountability, and commitment in low-performing schools
Authors: Shirrell Matthew 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine first-year principals’ sense-making about two potentially conflicting demands as they take over low-performing urban schools: the demand to exert control over their teachers’ practice, and the need to build their teachers’ trust, collegiality, and commitment.Design/methodology/approach– This study draws on a series of surveys and interviews with 12 first-year principals that took over some of the lowest-performing public schools in one large urban district.Findings– Some principals begin their first year seeing their work to build accountability and commitment as complementary, while others see these two areas as in tension. Principals remain relatively consistent in these approaches over their first year on the job, although some principals change their views, generally coming to see these two areas as increasingly separate over time.Research limitations/implications– Future work should examine principals’ work to balance the demands of accountability and commitment in a variety of organizational contexts.Practical implications– Principal preparation may benefit from training principals on the particular challenges they may face as they work with teachers in low-performing schools. Accountability systems may also seek to alter the demands placed on novice principals.Originality/value– Despite the centrality of principals to school improvement, the prevalence of high-stakes school accountability, and findings on the importance of commitment to school success, little empirical research has examined how principals make sense of the potentially conflicting demands of accountability and commitment in highly pressured circumstances.
The translation of leadership standards into leadership practices
Authors: Riveros Augusto , Verret Carolyne , Wei Wei 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The guiding question of this study is: how is the Ontario Leadership Framework (OLF) translated into practices in elementary and secondary schools in the province of Ontario? The purpose of this paper is to provide a contextual account of the processes by which school leadership standards are incorporated into the practices of school administrators in the province of Ontario, Canada.

Design/methodology/approach
– This qualitative exploratory case study focusses on the incorporation of the OLF into the practices of school administrators in four secondary and five elementary schools in two large school boards. The data were collected through document analysis, observations registered in a field notes journal, and semi-structured interviews with principals and vice-principals. The data were coded into analytical categories and analyzed to identify emerging themes and patterns.

Findings
– The analysis identified two emerging themes that illustrated how school leaders translate leadership standards into practices: the first theme, the school leader as an emergent identity, demonstrated the intersections between standards and professional identities. The analysis showed that standards contribute to the configuration of the leader as a political actor in the school. The second theme, standards, and the configuration of leadership practices, offered insights about the intersections and disconnections between standards and leadership practices in the participant schools.

Originality/value
– This study aims to inform conversations between policy makers, practitioners, and scholars about leadership standards in schools. Given the saliency of the topic, this research aims to illuminate the often-unexplored nexus, policy-leadership, as well as to expand and enrich theoretical understandings of educational leadership by recasting leadership as a policy-bounded phenomenon.
Improving teaching capacity to increase student achievement
Authors: Lynch David , Smith Richard , Provost Steven , Madden Jake 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– This paper argues that in a well-organised school with strong leadership and vision coupled with a concerted effort to improve the teaching performance of each teacher, student achievement can be enhanced. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that while macro-effect sizes such as “whole of school” metrics are useful for school leaders in their professional development roles, there are important micro-conditions that can be uncovered in a more detailed analysis of student achievement data.Design/methodology/approach– Evidence of student achievement in a variety of standardised and non-standardised assessment tasks was subjected to examination in apost hoc, case study design. The assessment tasks were the South Australian Spelling Test Waddington Reading Test, a school-wide diagnostic writing task, teacher running records and National Assessment Program for Literacy and Numeracy. Performance in selected classrooms was compared on these tests utilising a variety of parametric quantitative statistics.Findings– School-based reform initiatives require external criteria on which to base decision making. Without such criteria based on data and the capacity to interpret it, interactions in the school culture have unanticipated consequences that have the potential to neutralise school improvement strategies. Further, findings suggest that fewer but sharper and quicker data collection tools are more valuable in such teacher decision making, but these require expertise to produce and interpret them.Research limitations/implications– This paper provides insights from one school, but the reported data are embedded in a sustained five year school reform programme.Practical implications– This paper documents a whole school organisational reform model devised by a school head and leadership team to improve student academic performance. The paper offers a process for developing a data-based school reform strategy for professional development to enhance both student achievement and school outcomes.Social implications– The paper outlines a model for school reform that is focused on all students increasing their academic outcomes. By emphasising collaborative teacher work based on research-justified teaching approaches, the model shows that social inequalities can be reversed.Originality/value– The paper outlines a whole of school reform model focused through a combination of distributed leadership, data-driven decision making, within a context of a coaching, mentoring and feedback regime for teachers. Together this model is an application of theoretical ideas to school reform.