bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing positive emotional memories with peers: The Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness with Peers Scale for adolescents
Authors: Cunha Marina , Ferreira Cláudia , Duarte Cristiana , Andrade Diogo , Marta‐Simões Joana , Pinto‐Gouveia José 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTResearch on the association between early positive relational experiences and later psychosocial adjustment is growing. The quality of peer relationships may have a particularly important effect on adolescents' wellbeing and mental health. The current study aimed at examining a measure of personal emotional memories of peer relationships characterized by warmth, safeness and affection, which occurred in childhood and adolescence (EMWSSPeers‐A).Distinct samples (N = 584) of adolescents aged between 12 and 18 were used to assess the EMWSSPeers‐A′ factorial structure through a Principal Component Analysis and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and to analyse the scale's psychometric properties.Results indicated a one‐dimensional structure with 12 items with very good internal consistency, and construct, convergent, divergent and incremental validities.By allowing the examination of the role played by memories of positive peer relationships on adolescents' psychological adjustment, the EMWSSPeers‐A may be potentially useful for future model testing and for the assessment of interventions.
On the strength of the weakly nonlinear theory for surface gravity waves
Authors: Stiassnie Michael 
Published: November 2016

Recently, Bonnefoy et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 805, 2016, R3) studied the resonant interaction of oblique surface gravity waves in a large $50~\text{m}\times 30~\text{m}\times 5~\text{m}$ wave basin. Their experimental results are in excellent quantitative agreement with predictions of the weakly nonlinear wave theory, and provide additional evidence to the strength of this widely used mathematical formulation. In this article, the reader is introduced to the many facets of the weakly nonlinear theory for surface gravity waves, and to its current and possible future applications, deterministic as well as stochastic.
Added mass energy recovery of octopus-inspired shape change
Authors: Steele S. C. , Weymouth G. D. , Triantafyllou M. S. 
Published: November 2016

Dynamic shape change of the octopus mantle during fast jet escape manoeuvres results in added mass energy recovery to the energetic advantage of the octopus, giving escape thrust and speed additional to that due to jetting alone. We show through numerical simulations and experimental validation of overall wake behaviour, that the success of the energy recovery is highly dependent on shrinking speed and Reynolds number, with secondary dependence on shape considerations and shrinking amplitude. The added mass energy recovery ratio $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{ma}$, which measures momentum recovery in relation to the maximum momentum recovery possible in an ideal flow, increases with increasing the non-dimensional shrinking parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}^{\ast }={\dot{a}}_{max}/U\sqrt{\mathit{Re }_{0}}$, where ${\dot{a}}_{max}$ is the maximum shrinking speed, $U$ is the characteristic flow velocity and $\sqrt{\mathit{Re }_{0}}$ is the Reynolds number at the beginning of the shrinking motion. An estimated threshold $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}^{\ast }\approx 10$ determines whether or not enough energy is recovered to the body to produce net thrust. Since there is a region of high transition for $10<\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}^{\ast }<30$ where the recovery performance varies widely and for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}^{\ast }>100$ added mass energy is recovered at diminishing returns, we propose a design criterion for shrinking bodies to be in the range of $50<\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}^{\ast }<100$, resulting in 61–82 % energy recovery.
A taxonomic correction after 140 years
Authors: Dutta Rakhi , Bardhan Subhendu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWaagen (1875) was the first who dealt with the Jurassic ammonites of Kutch based on detailed taxonomic work. In his monograph, he described among many species Perisphinctes spirorbis Neumayr, 1870 and P. aberrans Waagen, 1875 from the Callovian of Kutch, but the figures mentioned in the description did not correspond to the actual species. For P. spirorbis, the plate illustrated the holotype of an entirely different species (P. aberrans). On the other hand, P. spirorbis was illustrated as the lectotype of P. aberrans. Later, Spath (1924) introduced a new genus, Subgrossouvria, based on Waagen’s P. aberrans as type species. He also erected another genus, Indosphinctes, and included P. spirorbis Waagen, 1875 within the synonymy of I. indicus (Siemiradzki, 1899). Spath (1931) was aware of wrong numbering of plates of Waagen’s two species. But subsequent workers were ignorant of these taxonomic errors and continued to refer Waagen’s wrong plate numbers. We have here described both the type specimens and provided diagnoses for Spath’s two genera. We plead for this taxonomic correction in the incoming revised Treatise on Jurassic ammonites.
HUMAN RIGHTS AS RADICAL ANTHROPOLOGY: PROTESTANT THEOLOGY AND ECUMENISM IN THE TRANSWAR ERA
Authors: RENAUD TERENCE 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFrom the 1920s through the 1940s, European and Anglo-American Protestants perceived a crisis of humanity. While trying to determine religion's role in a secular age, church leaders redefined the human being as a theological person in community with others and in partnership with God. This new anthropology contributed to a personalist conception of human rights that rivalled Catholic and secular conceptions. Alongside such innovations in post-liberal theology, ecumenical Protestants organized a series of meetings to unite the world churches. Their conference at Oxford in July 1937 led to the creation of the World Council of Churches. Thus, Protestants of the transwar era supplied the two main ingredients of any human rights regime: a universalist commitment to defending individual human beings regardless of race, nationality, or class and a global institutional framework for enacting that commitment. Through the story of Protestant thinkers and activists, this article recasts the history of human rights as part of a larger history of critical reappraisals of humanity. Understanding why human rights came into prominence at various twentieth-century moments may require abandoning ‘rights talk’ for human talk, or, a comparative history of radical anthropologies and their relationship to broader socio-economic, political, and cultural crises.
Building machines that learn and think like people
Authors: Lake Brenden M. , Ullman Tomer D. , Tenenbaum Joshua B. , Gershman Samuel J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRecent progress in artificial intelligence has renewed interest in building systems that learn and think like people. Many advances have come from using deep neural networks trained end-to-end in tasks such as object recognition, video games, and board games, achieving performance that equals or even beats that of humans in some respects. Despite their biological inspiration and performance achievements, these systems differ from human intelligence in crucial ways. We review progress in cognitive science suggesting that truly human-like learning and thinking machines will have to reach beyond current engineering trends in both what they learn and how they learn it. Specifically, we argue that these machines should (1) build causal models of the world that support explanation and understanding, rather than merely solving pattern recognition problems; (2) ground learning in intuitive theories of physics and psychology to support and enrich the knowledge that is learned; and (3) harness compositionality and learning-to-learn to rapidly acquire and generalize knowledge to new tasks and situations. We suggest concrete challenges and promising routes toward these goals that can combine the strengths of recent neural network advances with more structured cognitive models.
Dissociating early and late visual processing via the Ebbinghaus illusion
Authors: SCHMIDT FILIPP , WEBER ANDREAS , HABERKAMP ANKE 
Published: November 2016

AbstractVisual perception is not instantaneous; the perceptual representation of our environment builds up over time. This can strongly affect our responses to visual stimuli. Here, we study the temporal dynamics of visual processing by analyzing the time course of priming effects induced by the well-known Ebbinghaus illusion. In slower responses, Ebbinghaus primes produce effects in accordance with their perceptual appearance. However, in fast responses, these effects are reversed. We argue that this dissociation originates from the difference between early feedforward-mediated gist of the scene processing and later feedback-mediated more elaborate processing. Indeed, our findings are well explained by the differences between low-frequency representations mediated by the fast magnocellular pathway and high-frequency representations mediated by the slower parvocellular pathway. Our results demonstrate the potentially dramatic effect of response speed on the perception of visual illusions specifically and on our actions in response to objects in our visual environment generally.
Examining the impact of conservation agriculture on environmental efficiency among maize farmers in Zambia
Authors: Abdulai Abdul-Nafeo , Abdulai Awudu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper explores the impact of conservation agriculture (CA) on the environmental efficiency of maize farmers in Zambia, by comparing nitrogen fertilizer recovery between farms that practise CA and those using conventional farming technologies. The Nitrogen Index Tier Zero tool is employed in generating a nitrogen balance sheet at the farm level. As CA technology may improve farmers' access to better technology, we employ a selectivity-corrected meta-frontier approach to account for potential selection bias and technology heterogeneity. The empirical results suggest that farmers practising CA are environmentally more efficient than conventional farmers. The findings also show that environmental efficiency is significantly influenced by access to credit, farming experience and years of schooling of household head, land ownership and distance to markets. Moreover, farmers practising CA are found to be technically more efficient than those using the conventional technology.
The role of a food policy coalition in influencing a local food environment: an Australian case study
Authors: McCartan Julia , Palermo Claire 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo explore how an Australian rural food policy coalition acts to influence a local food environment, focusing specifically on its composition, functions and processes as well as its food-related strategies and policy outputs.DesignA qualitative case study approach was undertaken. Three sources were used to triangulate data: eleven semi-structured in-depth interviews with coalition members, analysis of thirty-seven documents relating to the coalition and observation at one coalition meeting. Data were analysed using a thematic and constant comparison approach. Community Coalition Action Theory provided a theoretical framework from which to interpret findings.SettingTwo rural local government areas on the south-eastern coast of Victoria, Australia.SubjectsEleven members of the food policy coalition.ResultsFive themes emerged from the data analysis. The themes described the coalition’s leadership processes, membership structure, function to pool resources for food system advocacy, focus on collaborative cross-jurisdictional strategies and ability to influence policy change.ConclusionsThis Australian case study demonstrates that with strong leadership, a small-sized core membership and focus on collaborative strategies, food policy coalitions may be a mechanism to positively influence local food environments.
Analytical Multimode Scanning and Transmission Electron Imaging and Tomography of Multiscale Structural Architectures of Sulfur Copolymer-Based Composite Cathodes for Next-Generation High-Energy Density Li–S Batteries
Authors: Oleshko Vladimir P. , Herzing Andrew A. , Soles Christopher L. , Griebel Jared J. , Chung Woo J. , Simmonds Adam G. , Pyun Jeffrey 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPoly[sulfur-random-(1,3-diisopropenylbenzene)] copolymers synthesized via inverse vulcanization represent an emerging class of electrochemically active polymers recently used in cathodes for Li–S batteries, capable of realizing enhanced capacity retention (1,005 mAh/g at 100 cycles) and lifetimes of over 500 cycles. The composite cathodes are organized in complex hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) architectures, which contain several components and are challenging to understand and characterize using any single technique. Here, multimode analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopies and energy-dispersive X-ray/electron energy-loss spectroscopies coupled with multivariate statistical analysis and tomography were applied to explore origins of the cathode-enhanced capacity retention. The surface topography, morphology, bonding, and compositions of the cathodes created by combining sulfur copolymers with varying 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene content and conductive carbons have been investigated at multiple scales in relation to the electrochemical performance and physico-mechanical stability. We demonstrate that replacing the elemental sulfur with organosulfur copolymers improves the compositional homogeneity and compatibility between carbons and sulfur-containing domains down to sub-5 nm length scales resulting in (a) intimate wetting of nanocarbons by the copolymers at interfaces; (b) the creation of 3D percolation networks of conductive pathways involving graphitic-like outer shells of aggregated carbons; (c) concomitant improvements in the stability with preserved meso- and nanoscale porosities required for efficient charge transport.
Assessment of Reading Precursors in Spanish-Speaking Children
Authors: Puente Anibal , Alvarado Jesús M. , Fernández Paz , Rosselli Mónica , Ardila Alfredo , Jiménez Amelia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study’s purpose was to analyse basic reading processes in different age groups of Spanish-speaking children using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and regression analysis. Two hundred forty-five children (aged 4 years and 9 months, to 9 years and 7 months; 120 boys, 125 girls), native Spanish-speakers, were selected from schools in Madrid. All participants were in either their last year of preschool or the first three years of elementary school, depending on their age. Nine classic reading tasks were created and administered to measure three reading skills: word recognition, phonological awareness, and reading comprehension. The results of the CFA show that data fit to proposed model with a general reading factor based on these three reading skills χ2(27) = 29.03,p= .36, RMSEA = .02, 90% CIs [.0, .05], CFI = 1.0. The word recognition skills were the best at describing reading performance in preschool children (R2= .51 for word identification task); phonological awareness, especially rhyme identification task, discriminated well until second grade (R2= .60); and finally, reading comprehension, basically phrase completion task, were the best measure of reading performance in third grade (R2= .45).
Adiponectin reduces ER stress-induced apoptosis through PPARα transcriptional regulation of ATF2 in mouse adipose
Authors: Liu Zhenjiang , Gan Lu , Wu Tianjiao , Feng Fei , Luo Dan , Gu Huihui , Liu Shimin , Sun Chao 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAdiponectin is a cytokine produced predominantly by adipose tissue and correlates with glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, the effects of adiponectin on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis of adipose tissue remain elusive. In this study, we found that tunicamycin-induced ER stress increased serum free fatty acid (FFA) and impaired glucose tolerance, elevated the mRNA levels of GRP78, Chop, ATF2 and caspase 3, but reduced adiponectin mRNA level in white adipose tissue. Moreover, ER stress-triggered adipocyte apoptosis by increasing cellular FFA level and Ca2+ level. Further analysis revealed that adiponectin alleviated ER stress-induced adipocyte apoptosis by elevating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) mRNA level. Our data also confirmed that adiponectin reduced early apoptotic cells and blocked the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by activating the AdipoR1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signal pathway. In addition, PPARα bound to ATF2 promoter region and inhibited transcription of ATF2. The inhibition of adipocyte apoptosis by adiponectin was correlated with transcriptional suppression of ATF2. Furthermore, adiponectin inhibited ER stress-induced apoptosis by activating the AMPK/PKC pathway. In summary, our data demonstrate adiponectin inhibited ER stress and apoptosis of adipocyte in vivo and in vitro by activating the AMPK/PPARα/ATF2 pathway. Our study establishes that adiponectin is an important adipocytokine for preventing and treating obesity.
Macrophage-dependent IL-1β production induces cardiac arrhythmias in diabetic mice
Authors: Monnerat Gustavo , Alarcón Micaela L. , Vasconcellos Luiz R. , Hochman-Mendez Camila , Brasil Guilherme , Bassani Rosana A. , Casis Oscar , Malan Daniela , Travassos Leonardo H. , Sepúlveda Marisa , Burgos Juan Ignacio , Vila-Petroff Martin , Dutra Fabiano F. , Bozza Marcelo T. , Paiva Claudia N. , Carvalho Adriana Bastos , Bonomo Adriana , Fleischmann Bernd K. , de Carvalho Antonio Carlos Campos , Medei Emiliano 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) encompasses a multitude of secondary disorders, including heart disease. One of the most frequent and potentially life threatening disorders of DM-induced heart disease is ventricular tachycardia (VT). Here we show that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiac macrophages mediate the production of IL-1β in DM mice. IL-1β causes prolongation of the action potential duration, induces a decrease in potassium current and an increase in calcium sparks in cardiomyocytes, which are changes that underlie arrhythmia propensity. IL-1β-induced spontaneous contractile events are associated with CaMKII oxidation and phosphorylation. We further show that DM-induced arrhythmias can be successfully treated by inhibiting the IL-1β axis with either IL-1 receptor antagonist or by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results establish IL-1β as an inflammatory connection between metabolic dysfunction and arrhythmias in DM.
The Robo4 cytoplasmic domain is dispensable for vascular permeability and neovascularization
Authors: Zhang Feng , Prahst Claudia , Mathivet Thomas , Pibouin-Fragner Laurence , Zhang Jiasheng , Genet Gael , Tong Raymond , Dubrac Alexandre , Eichmann Anne 
Published: November 2016

AbstractVascular permeability and neovascularization are implicated in many diseases including retinopathies and diabetic wound healing. Robo4 is an endothelial-specific transmembrane receptor that stabilizes the vasculature, as shown in Robo4−/− mice that develop hyperpermeability, but how Robo4 signals remained unclear. Here we show that Robo4 deletion enhances permeability and revascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and accelerates cutaneous wound healing. To determine Robo4 signalling pathways, we generated transgenic mice expressing a truncated Robo4 lacking the cytoplasmic domain (Robo4ΔCD). Robo4ΔCD expression is sufficient to prevent permeability, and inhibits OIR revascularization and wound healing in Robo4−/− mice. Mechanistically, Robo4 does not affect Slit2 signalling, but Robo4 and Robo4ΔCD counteract Vegfr2-Y949 (Y951 in human VEGFR2) phosphorylation by signalling through the endothelial UNC5B receptor. We conclude that Robo4 inhibits angiogenesis and vessel permeability independently of its cytoplasmic domain, while activating VEGFR2-Y951 via ROBO4 inhibition might accelerate tissue revascularization in retinopathy of prematurity and in diabetic patients.
Global gain modulation generates time-dependent urgency during perceptual choice in humans
Authors: Murphy Peter R. , Boonstra Evert , Nieuwenhuis Sander 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDecision-makers must often balance the desire to accumulate information with the costs of protracted deliberation. Optimal, reward-maximizing decision-making can require dynamic adjustment of this speed/accuracy trade-off over the course of a single decision. However, it is unclear whether humans are capable of such time-dependent adjustments. Here, we identify several signatures of time-dependency in human perceptual decision-making and highlight their possible neural source. Behavioural and model-based analyses reveal that subjects respond to deadline-induced speed pressure by lowering their criterion on accumulated perceptual evidence as the deadline approaches. In the brain, this effect is reflected in evidence-independent urgency that pushes decision-related motor preparation signals closer to a fixed threshold. Moreover, we show that global modulation of neural gain, as indexed by task-related fluctuations in pupil diameter, is a plausible biophysical mechanism for the generation of this urgency. These findings establish context-sensitive time-dependency as a critical feature of human decision-making.
Deterministic phase slips in mesoscopic superconducting rings
Authors: Petković I. , Lollo A. , Glazman L. I. , Harris J. G. E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe properties of one-dimensional superconductors are strongly influenced by topological fluctuations of the order parameter, known as phase slips, which cause the decay of persistent current in superconducting rings and the appearance of resistance in superconducting wires. Despite extensive work, quantitative studies of phase slips have been limited by uncertainty regarding the order parameter’s free-energy landscape. Here we show detailed agreement between measurements of the persistent current in isolated flux-biased rings and Ginzburg–Landau theory over a wide range of temperature, magnetic field and ring size; this agreement provides a quantitative picture of the free-energy landscape. We also demonstrate that phase slips occur deterministically as the barrier separating two competing order parameter configurations vanishes. These results will enable studies of quantum and thermal phase slips in a well-characterized system and will provide access to outstanding questions regarding the nature of one-dimensional superconductivity.
A CMOS silicon spin qubit
Authors: Maurand R. , Jehl X. , Kotekar-Patil D. , Corna A. , Bohuslavskyi H. , Laviéville R. , Hutin L. , Barraud S. , Vinet M. , Sanquer M. , De Franceschi S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSilicon, the main constituent of microprocessor chips, is emerging as a promising material for the realization of future quantum processors. Leveraging its well-established complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology would be a clear asset to the development of scalable quantum computing architectures and to their co-integration with classical control hardware. Here we report a silicon quantum bit (qubit) device made with an industry-standard fabrication process. The device consists of a two-gate, p-type transistor with an undoped channel. At low temperature, the first gate defines a quantum dot encoding a hole spin qubit, the second one a quantum dot used for the qubit read-out. All electrical, two-axis control of the spin qubit is achieved by applying a phase-tunable microwave modulation to the first gate. The demonstrated qubit functionality in a basic transistor-like device constitutes a promising step towards the elaboration of scalable spin qubit geometries in a readily exploitable CMOS platform.