bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of invasion at two trophic levels on diet, body condition, and population size structure of Hawaiian red shrimp
Authors: Dudley Bruce D. , MacKenzie Richard A. , Sakihara Troy S. , Riney Michael H. , Ostertag Rebecca 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe examined the degree to which invasion by non‐native, nitrogen (N)‐fixing riparian trees and poeciliid fish alters diet of a common grazer/detritivore in brackish ponds on the dry coast of Hawai‛i Island. Because this shrimp,Halocaridina rubra(ʻōpaeʻula), displays a preference for autotrophic components of epilithon, we hypothesized that tree canopy would reduce their body condition and abundance, but that this would be moderated by nutrient quality of leaf litter (high‐quality, non‐native, nitrogen‐fixing tree vs. low‐quality, endemic non‐nitrogen‐fixing tree). We hypothesized that poeciliid invasion would reduce population size and body condition ofH. rubraby direct predation and by inducing reductions in feeding rate. Analysis of stable isotopes (δD, δ13C, and δ15N) showed that direct consumption of leaf litter detritus supplementedH. rubradiet in ponds with canopy cover. In addition, epilithon in ponds with canopy cover was isotopically more similar to leaf litter than epilithon in ponds without canopy cover, and our evidence suggests this may be due to contributions of allochthonous nutrient sources to epilithon assemblages. However, canopy cover, whether native or invasive, did not decrease epilithon growth rates and had little effect on shrimp body condition or population size. In contrast, poeciliid invasion reduced daylight grazing on the benthos, and caused a reduction in body condition among larger shrimp. Our results indicate that primary succession by invasive trees may shift food web linkages in these ponds from autotrophic to heterotrophic support, without negative impacts on native grazer/detritivore communities. We suggest that poeciliid invasions have sub‐lethal effects onH. rubraas well as their direct predation effects, with potential long‐term implications for the ecosystem function of anchialine ponds and other coastal systems.
Fire disturbance disrupts an acacia ant–plant mutualism in favor of a subordinate ant species
Authors: Sensenig Ryan L. , Kimuyu Duncan K. , Ruiz Guajardo Juan C. , Veblen Kari E. , Riginos Corinna , Young Truman P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough disturbance theory has been recognized as a useful framework in examining the stability of ant–plant mutualisms, very few studies have examined the effects of fire disturbance on these mutualisms. In myrmecophyte‐dominated savannas, fire and herbivory are key drivers that could influence ant–plant mutualisms by causing complete colony mortality and/or decreasing colony size, which potentially could alter dominance hierarchies if subordinate species are more fire resilient. We used a large‐scale, replicated fire experiment to examine long‐term effects of fire on acacia–ant community composition. To determine if fire shifted ant occupancy from a competitive dominant to a subordinate ant species, we surveyed the acacia–ant community in 6–7 yr old burn sites and examined how the spatial scale of these burns influenced ant community responses. We then used two short‐term fire experiments to explore possible mechanisms for the shifts in community patterns observed. Because survival of ant colonies is largely dependent on their ability to detect and escape an approaching fire, we first tested the evacuation response of all four ant species when exposed to smoke (fire signal). Then to better understand how fire and its interaction with large mammal herbivory affect the density of ants per tree, we quantified ant worker density in small prescribed burns within herbivore exclusion plots. We found clear evidence suggesting that fire disturbance favored the subordinate ant Crematogaster nigriceps more than the dominant and strong mutualist ant C. mimosae, whereby C. nigriceps (1) was the only species to occupy a greater proportion of trees in 6–7 yr old burn sites compared to unburned sites, (2) had higher burn/unburn tree ratios with increasing burn size, and (3) evacuated significantly faster than C. mimosae in the presence of smoke. Fire and herbivory had opposite effects on ant density per meter of branch for both C. nigriceps and C. mimosae, with fire decreasing ant densities per meter of branch and the presence of large herbivores increasing ant density. Taken together, these experiments suggest that major ecosystem disturbances like fire can disrupt mutualistic associations and maintain diversity in partner quality and identity despite a clear dominance hierarchy.
Do larvae from deep‐sea hydrothermal vents disperse in surface waters?
Authors: Yahagi Takuya , Kayama Watanabe Hiromi , Kojima Shigeaki , Kano Yasunori 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLarval dispersal significantly contributes to the geographic distribution, population dynamics, and evolutionary processes of animals endemic to deep‐sea hydrothermal vents. Little is known as to the extent that their larvae migrate vertically to shallower waters and experience stronger currents and richer food supplies. Here, we first provide evidence from early life‐history traits and population genetics for the surface dispersal of a vent species. Planktotrophic larvae of a red blood limpet, Shinkailepas myojinensis (Gastropoda: Neritimorpha: Phenacolepadidae), were cultured to observe their swimming behavior and to evaluate the effects of temperature on survival and growth. In addition, the population structure was analyzed based on 1.2‐kbp mitochondrial DNA sequences from 77 specimens that cover the geographic and bathymetric distributions of the species (northwest Pacific, 442–1,227 m in depth). Hatched larvae constantly swam upward at 16.6–44.2 mm/min depending on temperature. Vertical migration from hydrothermal vents to the surface, calculated to take ~4–43 d, is attainable given their lengthy survival time without feeding. Fed larvae best survived and grew at 25°C (followed by 20°C), which approximates the sea surface temperature in the geographic range of the species. Little or no growth was observed at the temperature of the vent habitat where adult limpets occur (≤15°C). Population genetic analyses showed no differentiation among localities that are <1,350 km apart. The larvae of S. myojinensis most likely migrate to the surface water, where high phytoplankton biomass and strong currents enable their growth and long distance dispersal over many months. Sea surface temperature may represent a critical factor in determining the geographic distribution of many vent endemic species with a planktotrophic early development, and in turn the faunal composition of individual vent sites and regions.
Estimating thermal performance curves from repeated field observations
Authors: Childress Evan S. , Letcher Benjamin H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEstimating thermal performance of organisms is critical for understanding population distributions and dynamics and predicting responses to climate change. Typically, performance curves are estimated using laboratory studies to isolate temperature effects, but other abiotic and biotic factors influence temperature‐performance relationships in nature reducing these models' predictive ability. We present a model for estimating thermal performance curves from repeated field observations that includes environmental and individual variation. We fit the model in a Bayesian framework using MCMC sampling, which allowed for estimation of unobserved latent growth while propagating uncertainty. Fitting the model to simulated data varying in sampling design and parameter values demonstrated that the parameter estimates were accurate, precise, and unbiased. Fitting the model to individual growth data from wild trout revealed high out‐of‐sample predictive ability relative to laboratory‐derived models, which produced more biased predictions for field performance. The field‐based estimates of thermal maxima were lower than those based on laboratory studies. Under warming temperature scenarios, field‐derived performance models predicted stronger declines in body size than laboratory‐derived models, suggesting that laboratory‐based models may underestimate climate change effects. The presented model estimates true, realized field performance, avoiding assumptions required for applying laboratory‐based models to field performance, which should improve estimates of performance under climate change and advance thermal ecology.
Early Holocene dune field development in Dalarna, central Sweden: A geomorphological and geophysical case study
Authors: Bernhardson Martin , Alexanderson Helena 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBonäsheden, Sweden's largest continuous dune field, situated in the county of Dalarna, central Sweden, has been investigated using LiDAR (light detection and ranging) remote sensing, ground penetrating radar as well as by field observations and luminescence dating. The use of LiDAR in conjunction with geographic information system (GIS) software proved to be efficient in mapping the inactive dune field and classifying the dune morphology, especially when slope raster images were used. The dunes have formed mostly by winds from the northwest (NW) and are of a transverse type. Still other dune types, such as parabolic dunes, and transverse dunes with a deviating orientation are present. Also, there seems to be different generations of dunes, suggesting a complex palaeowind environment with a change from predominantly north‐westerly winds to more westerly winds. Luminescence dating finally allows us to have an absolute chronology of the development of the Bonäsheden dune field, revealing formation of the dune field closely following the de‐glaciation of this part of Sweden (c. 10.5 ka). The well preserved transverse shape of the majority of the dunes suggests rapid stabilization by vegetation, although sand drift still seems to have been active on a noticeable scale for at least 1500 years and also, occasionally and patchy, as coversand deposition during the Late Holocene. A simple model is proposed for the dune field development of Bonäsheden based on our findings. This model is a useful addition since the majority of present day dune field models focus on the formation of parabolic dunes or large unvegetated dune fields. Our results suggest that most models cannot adequately simulate the formation of such small dune fields as that of Bonäsheden, with apparently rapidly fixated transverse dunes in a previously glaciated, now vegetated area. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An antenna selection scheme with MRE and AWC for decision fusion in cognitive radio
Authors: Jacob Jaison , Jose Babita R , Mathew Jimson 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSpectrum sensing is an important task for the existence of cognitive radio. Accuracy of sensing is essential to eliminate interference to primary users. In a practical scenario, primary users may change its position and power frequently. A new scenario that may challenge cooperative spectrum sensing is considered here. An antenna selection scheme with multiple regions encoding for single node sensing and an adaptive weighted combining fusion rule for decision fusion are proposed to manage this scenario. The performance of the rule was analyzed in the new scenario under Rayleigh fading and compared with other fusion rules in the literature namely soft optimized linear combining (SOLC), soft equal weight linear combining, AND, OR, and voting. Probability of detection of the proposed approach was found better than SOLC (best among the rest) at low average SNR. Simulations showed that the probability of detection of proposed approach was nearly 10% better than SOLC at probability of false alarm Pf=0.01 and gradually became equal at Pf=0.15, and it maintains it as Pf goes up. Computational complexity of these approaches were measured as the time consumed in making a decision, and it was found that the proposed approach consumed only 20% of the time than that of SOLC approach. Effect of number of neighbors on the performance of these approaches were also analyzed. Adaptive nature of this rule makes it suitable to perform well in any scenario under distributed sensing.
PHM‐oriented Degradation Indicators for Batteries and Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhang D. , Cadet C. , Yousfi‐Steiner N. , Druart F. , Bérenguer C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAs electrochemical power sources technologies, namely Li‐ion batteries and PEM fuel cells, continue advancing, ways to extend their lifespan have to be pursued. With prognostics and health management (PHM) approach, several techniques can provide estimation of state of health (SOH) and prediction of remaining useful life (RUL) in order to help the manufacturers improving performance. Before developing a solution, PHM issues need to be properly defined, in particular in terms of deterioration/ageing indicators used for SOH estimation and RUL prediction.This paper reviews the ageing phenomena of batteries and fuel cells in order to investigate how to define suitable degradation indicators for these devices. Since Li‐ion battery' PHM is much more developed, their similarities and differences have thus been studied as an exploration path of how proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) could benefit from the battery knowledge and experience feedback. Even if no innovative solutions are emerging, the relevance of the covariates used for PEMFC and batteries ageing indicators are argued, providing a first step to build a suitable PHM approach for electrochemical devices.
Advances in Metal−Organic Ligand Systems for Polymer Electrolyte Membranes: A Review
Authors: Dhanabalan K. , Sadhasivam T. , Park J.‐H. , Jung H.‐Y. , Kim B.‐S. , Roh S.‐H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis review discusses the limitations and development of organic–inorganic polymer electrolyte membranes in the field of advanced fuel cell technology. The key achievements and challenges of hybrid membranes are extensively discussed, including the limitations of fluorinated and sulfonated membranes in terms of the durability of the energy system. The state‐of‐the‐art of advanced proton exchange membranes is high‐acidic intercalation for proton transfer through hydrogen bonding in metal–organic ligand polymer membranes. Metal–organic ligand polymer membranes are desirable for their unique feasibility of proton transfer through hydrogen bond in anhydrous environments. Organic acid moiety ligands functionalized with a metal or metal oxide have received significant attention because of their high proton conductivity and the stability of membranes. Metal–organic polymer membranes promise high proton conductivity owing to intramolecular proton transfer. Organic ligand polymers comprise mainly heterocyclic compounds, which provide spatial arrangements of acid moieties and periodic pattern morphologies due to hydrogen bonding. Metal oxide–organic ligand membranes are highly suitable for high temperature applications in terms of chemical stability. Methods of synthesis and the characteristics of metal–organic ligand polymer systems are described in this review. It is of interest to note that proton exchange membranes (PEM) could attain single active redox molecules through hydrogen bonding.
Influence of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation on South Korean streamflow variability
Authors: Lee Jai Hong , Julien Pierre Y. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDeciphering the mechanisms through which the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects hydrometeorological parameters in the tropics and extratropics is of great interest. We investigate climatic teleconnections between warm or cold phases of ENSO and streamflow patterns over South Korea using an empirical methodology designed to detect regions showing a strong and consistent hydroclimatic signal associated with ENSO. We calculate not only spatial coherence values by monthly streamflow composite formed over 2‐year ENSO cycle and the first harmonic fit to detect candidate regions but also temporal consistency rates by aggregate composite and index time series to determine core regions. As a result, the core regions, namely, the Han river basin and the Nakdong river basin, are detected with a high level of response of ENSO phenomena to streamflow patterns. The ENSO composites for both core regions indicate drier (wetter) conditions in early autumn of the warm (cold) episode years and wetter (drier) conditions from winter to spring of the following year. For both regions, the spatial coherences are over 92% (82%) and the temporal consistencies are 71% (75%) during the El Niño (La Niña) events. In addition, for the core regions identified by composite‐harmonic analysis for both extreme episodes, the results of comparative analyses by using correlation, annual cycle, and Wilcoxon rank sum test indicate that 2 opposite phases‐streamflow relationships have a tendency of sign reversal of the streamflow anomaly. Also, the positive departures during the El Niño years show more coherent and strong responses than the negative anomalies in the La Niña events. In conclusion, South Korea experiences climatic teleconnection between ENSO forcing and midlatitude streamflow patterns.
Sexual dysfunction and its determinants among women infected with HIV
Authors: Agaba Patricia A. , Meloni Seema T. , Sule Halima M. , Agaba Emmanuel I. , Idoko John A. , Kanki Phyllis J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and its determinants among women with HIV infection enrolled for care and treatment in an ambulatory care setting.MethodsA questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional survey was conducted among women attending the HIV clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, between March 2013 and February 2014. The self‐administered Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used to assess FSD; a score of less than 26.55 indicated FSD. Pearson coefficient was used to assess interdomain correlation, and multiple linear regression was used to identify factors associated with FSD.ResultsAmong 370 participants, 330 (89.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 85.6%–92.2%) had FSD. The overall median FSFI score was 19.2 (interquartile range [IQR] 6.4–23.9). The arousal domain had the lowest subscore (median 2.7, IQR 0.0–3.6). The highest interdomain correlations were between lubrication and orgasm (r=0.87), arousal and lubrication (r=0.84), and arousal and orgasm (r=0.81) domains. Satisfactory health (β=3.34, 95% CI 1.16–5.52) and history of alcohol use (β=2.38, 95% CI 0.28–4.47) were independently associated with FSD.ConclusionFSD was prevalent among women with HIV infection. Care providers need to routinely address FSD as part of a comprehensive care package in the study setting.
Evaluation of the associations between childhood asthma and prenatal and perinatal factors
Authors: Kashanian Maryam , Mohtashami Seyyedeh Samaneh , Bemanian Mohammad Hassan , Moosavi Seyyed Ali Javad , Moradi Lakeh Maziar 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo identify prenatal and perinatal risk factors for childhood asthma.MethodsA retrospective case–control study was undertaken among children aged 7–14 years in Tehran, Iran, between March 2009 and November 2014. Data for children with asthma (Iranian nationality, non‐smoking parents, and middle‐class socioeconomic status) were compared with those for an equal number of age‐ and sex‐matched non‐asthmatic children. Prenatal and perinatal risk factors were evaluated via complete data sheets of maternal pregnancy and delivery. Forward logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsBoth groups contained 134 children. Risk of asthma was shown to be associated with maternal history of asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 11.62, 95% confidence interval 1.38–96.93; P=0.024), vaginal bleeding during pregnancy (aOR 3.76, 95% CI 1.86–7.57; P<0.001), antibiotics during pregnancy (aOR 3.19, 95% CI 1.52–6.67; P=0.002), and maternal age 30 years or older (aOR 2.54, 95% CI 1.30–4.95; P=0.006). Breastfeeding was protective against childhood asthma (aOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.151–0.575; P<0.001).ConclusionHistory of maternal asthma was the most influential factor on development of childhood asthma, followed by vaginal bleeding during pregnancy, antibiotic exposure in utero, and older maternal age.
Cover Image, Volume 92, Issue 4
Authors: Hadpe Sandeep Ramesh , Sharma Abhishek Kumar , Mohite Vipin Vilas , Rathore Anurag S 
Published: March 2017

The cover image, Sandeep Ramesh Hadpe et al., is based on the Research Article ATF for cell culture harvest clarification: mechanistic modelling and comparison with TFF, DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5165.
image
Patient after renal transplantation with syncope: Role of echocardiography in upright position
Authors: Dimitrow Paweł Petkow , Sorysz Danuta , Hładij Rafał , Chyrchel Bernadeta , Dudzik Barbara , Sułowicz Władysław , Surdacki Andrzej 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTIn Doppler echocardiography, testing left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient in the supine position (as is done in everyday practice) does not reflect the pathophysiology of this dynamic abnormality during the daily activities that trigger the symptoms (eg, syncope). LVOT obstruction is a dynamic phenomenon, strongly dependent on the left ventricular cavity size, geometric configuration of hypertrophy, load variability, contractility, and mitral apparatus abnormalities. LVOT gradient may develop not only in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but also in various heart diseases. Recent investigations show that LVOT gradient should be measured also in the standing position. Here, we report the case of patient after renal transplantation, who developed LVOT gradient during orthostatic test. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:616–620, 2017
Zinc oxide 3Dmicrostructures as an antimicrobial filler content for composite resins
Authors: Dias Hércules Bezerra , Bernardi Maria Inês Basso , Ramos Matheus Aparecido dos Santos , Trevisan Tamara Carolina , Bauab Taís Maria , Hernandes Antônio Carlos , de Souza Rastelli Alessandra Nara 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a composite resin modified by 3D zinc oxide (ZnO) microstructures and to verify possible alterations on its mechanical properties. ZnO was synthesized by hydrothermal approach and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), surface area by Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of ZnO againstStreptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, andCandida albicanswere determinated. The composite resin FiltekTMZ350XT (3M of Brazil) was blended with 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% in weight of ZnO and submitted to antibacterial assay by direct contact test againstS. mutans, the leading cause of dental caries and the most cariogenic oral streptococci. Additionally, it was performed compressive and diametral tensile strength tests of the modified composite resin. Microrods and hollow microrods of ZnO were obtained and its MIC values were found to be 125 μg/mL forS. mutans, 500 μg/mL forC. albicansand 62.5 μg/mL forS. aureus. For the tested concentrations, it was not found MIC againstE. coli. The direct contact test showed a significant antibacterial capacity of modified composite resin (p > 0.05 for all concentrations). The compressive and diametral tensile strength remains no changed after inclusion of microparticles (p > 0.05 for all concentrations). The modification of the composite resin with small amounts of ZnO microparticles significantly inhibited theS. mutansgrowth on resin surface without significant alterations of its mechanical strength.