bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unmasking hidden challenges for migrant learners with few prior experiences with formal education: An exploration of language learning textbooks
Authors: Triulzi Marco , DeCapua Andrea , Maahs Ina‐Maria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe German government requires all migrants without sufficient German language proficiency to enroll in integration courses. Many of these migrants had few prior experiences with formal education, yet, regardless of degree of literacy in any language, they are placed in classes based on language proficiency. How well do government‐approved language textbooks for integration courses meet the needs of migrant learners with few prior experiences with formal education and emergent literacy skills? We present a qualitative exploration of approved German language textbooks to identify hidden challenges. Results indicate that the textbooks require literacy practices, assume sociocultural practices, and demand ways of thinking largely unfamiliar to these learners. Moreover, promotion of a/n (ideal) German culture and western views of knowledge fosters deficit perspectives while rendering invisible the knowledges, and strengths of these learners. Thus, providing effective language education for these migrants requires a mind shift. The findings, discussion, and suggestions have relevance to educators globally.
Heteropolyacids combined with Y zeolite as superior solid acid catalysts to accelerate lactic acid esterification
Authors: Quan Cui , Zhou Yingying , Chu Hua , Fan Xiaolei , Gao Ningbo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDEthyl lactate produced via esterification between lactic acid and ethanol can be used in plastics, polymers and food industries and renowned for its biodegradability and low toxicity. However, lactic acid self‐catalyzed esterification presents a slow reaction process, and acid catalysts are needed to improve the catalysis. Homogeneous acid catalysts like H2SO4 are corrosive, as well as being difficult to be seperated from the reaction media; therefore, advanced heterogeneous catalysts are more ideal. In this study, two kinds of heteropolyacid–zeolite catalysts, involving loading silicotungstic acid and phosphotungstic acid onto Y zeolite, were synthesized, characterized using X‐ray diffraction, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption and scanning electron microscopy and analyzed for their catalytic efficiency in the catalytic esterfication.RESULTSResults showed that the Keggin structures of heteropolyacids were retained during the preparation process and strong acid sites of Y zeolite were enriched, which made the main contribution to the esterification of lactic acid and ethanol. Furthermore, the initial‐stage reaction rate of esterification was significantly enhanced. During the first hour of esterification, the conversion of lactic acid increased from 18% to 65%. Exp Dec1 index model was employed to determine the activation energies of 60HSiW‐Y and 60HPW‐Y, which exhibit values of 29.3 and 28.2 kJ mol−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONThis study indicates that Keggin structures of heteropolyacids play a key role in the esterification and heteropolyacid–zeolite catalysts can effectively catalyze the esterification. Meanwhile, the results of the kinetic experiments can be of reference significance for large‐scale industrial processes involving esterification. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Power, data and social accountability: defining a community‐led monitoring model for strengthened health service delivery
Authors: Rambau Ndivhuwo , Policar Soeurette , Sharp Alana R. , Lankiewicz Elise , Nsubuga Allan , Chimhanda Luke , Yawa Anele , Mwehonge Kenneth , Tobaiwa Donald Denis , Alfred Gérald Marie , Kavanagh Matthew M. , Russell Asia , Baptiste Solange , Kalama Onesmus Mlewa , Marte Rodelyn M. , Ledan Naïké , Honermann Brian , Lauer Krista , Rafif Nadia , Perez Susan , Sun Gang , Grimsrud Anna , Sprague Laurel , Mienies Keith 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionDespite international commitment to achieving the end of HIV as a public health threat, progress is off‐track and existing gaps have been exacerbated by COVID‐19's collision with existing pandemics. Born out of models of political accountability and historical healthcare advocacy led by people living with HIV, community‐led monitoring (CLM) of health service delivery holds potential as a social accountability model to increase the accessibility and quality of health systems. However, the effectiveness of the CLM model in strengthening accountability and improving service delivery relies on its alignment with evidence‐based principles for social accountability mechanisms. We propose a set of unifying principles for CLM to support the impact on the quality and availability of health services.DiscussionBuilding on the social accountability literature, core CLM implementation principles are defined. CLM programmes include a community‐led and independent data collection effort, in which the data tools and methodology are designed by service users and communities most vulnerable to, and most impacted by, service quality. Data are collected routinely, with an emphasis on prioritizing and protecting respondents, and are then be used to conduct routine and community‐led advocacy, with the aim of increasing duty‐bearer accountability to service users. CLM efforts should represent a broad and collective community response, led independently by impacted communities, incorporating both data collection and advocacy, and should be understood as a long‐term approach to building meaningful engagement in systems‐wide improvements rather than discrete interventions.ConclusionsThe CLM model is an important social accountability mechanism for improving the responsiveness of critical health services and systems to communities. By establishing a collective understanding of CLM principles, this model paves the way for improved proliferation of CLM with fidelity of implementation approaches to core principles, rigorous examinations of CLM implementation approaches, impact assessments and evaluations of CLM's influence on service quality improvement.
Effects of ensemble‐forecasted key environmental factors on the distribution, active constituents, and transcription regulation in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Zhou Lili , Han Ying , Feng Wanqing , Chen Chao , Wen Jiawei , Peng Cheng , He Yang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDLigusticum chuanxiong Hort., with over 2000 years of medicinal use and cultivation history, is extensively used in clinical settings for treating heart disease, headache, dysmenorrhea, and amenorrhea. Constructing the geographic distribution pattern of L. chuanxiong and identifying the environmental factors limiting its range, as well as clarifying the effects of key environmental factors on the content of major active constituents and transcription regulation, could provide a scientific foundation for the conservation and effective management of this valuable medicinal resource.RESULTSThe results reveal that the predominant environmental factors influencing the distribution were the minimum temperature of the coldest month (Bio6) and solar radiation (Srad), with cumulative account for 87.46% of the importance. Correlation analysis further reveals significant negative correlations between Bio6 and the content of major active constituents in L. chuanxiong, with Srad exhibiting a negative correlation with these constituents. The gene differential expression analysis indicated that the expression levels of some genes associated with growth and active constituent biosynthesis pathways, such as RPT2_13888, UVR8_16871, CLPB3_3155, and 4CLL5_116, varied significantly among locations influenced by differing key environmental factors. Consequently, alterations in the environment were found to influence the gene expression levels within these pathways, resulting in variations in the content of active constituents.CONCLUSIONSThese findings contribute to an enhanced understanding of how environmental factors impact the distribution and quality of medicinal plants and offer a theoretical reference for the introduction, cultivation, quality improvement, resource utilization and management of L. chuanxiong. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sargassum beaching on mangrove sediments shifts microbial and crab metabolisms and enhances blue carbon storage
Authors: Chynel Mathias , Abril Gwenaël , Narayaninsamy Mélissa , Deirmendjian Loris , Guérin Frédéric , Dromard Charlotte , Meziane Tarik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBenthic metabolism and net carbon accumulation in mangroves sediments strongly depend on the quantity and quality of organic matter (OM) supplied, including material brought by coastal waters such as the macroalgae Sargassum spp. Mesocosms were used to assess the effect of eutrophication by Sargassum on mangrove sediments. The concentration of fatty acids (FAs), organic carbon and its carbon isotopic signature, and the sediments–air CO2 fluxes were used to follow the evolution of sedimentary OM in surface and subsurface sediments for 60 d. Sargassum beaching shifted microbial and crab metabolism, leading to a preferential degradation of the labile fraction of OM from both Sargassum (δ13C = −17.7‰ and high concentration of essential FAs) and mangrove leaves (δ13C: −28.9‰ and high concentrations of 18:2ω6 and 18:3ω3). Fatty acids composition of crabs hepatopancreas revealed they preferentially fed on Sargassum and these invertebrates also increased the particulate OM tidal export. In addition, microbial activity at the sediment surface was enhanced, as revealed by strong production of branched FAs and higher CO2 fluxes in mesocosms containing Sargassum. However, Sargassum beaching also increased the transfer and preservation of more refractory OM from mangrove leaves found in higher quantity in subsurface sediments (6–8 cm) after 60 d. Inputs of macroalgae induced a negative priming effect and enhanced the preservation of blue carbon in the sediments. This negative priming effect was enhanced by crab activities. These biotic interactions that include microbial communities apparently make mangrove efficient in storing carbon in a context of growing eutrophication of the tropical ocean.
How loneliness affects consumers' reluctance to let go of used possessions
Authors: Hu Bingyan , Cole Cathy , Wang Jing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigate the impact of loneliness on consumer disposition of used, yet still useful possessions. Both loneliness and how consumers handle used products have emerged as important societal and research topics. While existing literature primarily addresses how loneliness influences product acquisition, our research delves into its effect on the disposition of used products. Studies 1–3 demonstrate that lonely consumers are less willing to let go of their used possessions because they form stronger self‐product attachments. Study 4 further examines an unstudied factor that moderates the effect—the relational meanings of a product (whether the item was a gift from someone else or acquired by the owner themselves). Our work contributes to the loneliness literature by showing how lonely consumers attach to possessions with different relational meanings. We also contribute to the growing disposition literature by investigating the joint influence of the disposers' traits and product characteristics. Our findings suggest communication strategies to facilitate lonely consumers' decluttering and disposal decisions.
Cardiomyopathy: pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Huang Shitong , Li Jiaxin , Li Qiuying , Wang Qiuyu , Zhou Xianwu , Chen Jimei , Chen Xuanhui , Bellou Abdelouahab , Zhuang Jian , Lei Liming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCardiomyopathy is a group of disease characterized by structural and functional damage to the myocardium. The etiologies of cardiomyopathies are diverse, spanning from genetic mutations impacting fundamental myocardial functions to systemic disorders that result in widespread cardiac damage. Many specific gene mutations cause primary cardiomyopathy. Environmental factors and metabolic disorders may also lead to the occurrence of cardiomyopathy. This review provides an in‐depth analysis of the current understanding of the pathogenesis of various cardiomyopathies, highlighting the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to their development and progression. The current therapeutic interventions for cardiomyopathies range from pharmacological interventions to mechanical support and heart transplantation. Gene therapy and cell therapy, propelled by ongoing advancements in overarching strategies and methodologies, has also emerged as a pivotal clinical intervention for a variety of diseases. The increasing number of causal gene of cardiomyopathies have been identified in recent studies. Therefore, gene therapy targeting causal genes holds promise in offering therapeutic advantages to individuals diagnosed with cardiomyopathies. Acting as a more precise approach to gene therapy, they are gradually emerging as a substitute for traditional gene therapy. This article reviews pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions for different cardiomyopathies.
Thalamic Local Field Potentials and Closed‐Loop Deep Brain Stimulation in Orthostatic Tremor
Authors: Fung Wilson K.W. , Sumarac Srdjan , Sorrento Gianluca , Santyr Brendan , Milosevic Luka , Lang Anthony E. , Lozano Andres M. , Kalia Suneil K. , Fasano Alfonso 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundOrthostatic tremor (OT) is a rare movement disorder characterized by a feeling of unsteadiness and a high‐frequency tremor in the legs (13–18 Hz) relieved by sitting or walking.ObjectivesThe aims were to study the brain electrophysiology captured chronically in a person with medication‐refractory OT while standing and walking and in the semi‐recumbent position using bilateral ventral intermedius nucleus deep brain stimulation (DBS) (Medtronic Percept PC) and to describe the clinical use of closed‐loop DBS.MethodsA sensing survey was used to capture baseline local field potentials (LFPs) while standing. Livestreamed LFPs were synchronized with data collected from two accelerometers (legs) and gait analysis during OFF stimulation and continuous and closed‐loop DBS.ResultsStrong oscillatory coupling between thalamic LFP and leg tremor with significant coherence at 14.65 Hz was found during weight‐bearing. Single‐threshold adaptive DBS (sensing at this frequency) was superior to continuous stimulation in reducing tremor and stimulation‐related gait ataxia.ConclusionsThis study provides new insights into both the pathophysiology and management of OT. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Clinical and Cost‐Effectiveness of Intraoperative Flap Perfusion Assessment With Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography in Breast and Head and Neck Reconstructions: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Singaravelu Ashokkumar , McCarrick Cathleen , Potter Shirley , Cahill Ronan A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIndocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICGFA) is gaining popularity for the assessment of reconstructive flap perfusion intraoperatively. This study analyses the literature with a focus on its clinical efficacy and cost‐effectiveness across various plastic and reconstructive surgery procedures.MethodsA systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines on published studies in English comparing ICGFA with standard clinical assessment for flap perfusion. Meta‐analysis concerned perfusion‐related complications and cost data.ResultsTwenty‐five studies met the inclusion criteria, of which two were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and four were prospective cohort studies. Twenty‐one studies were AHRQ Standard ‘Good’; however, the overall level of evidence remains low. ICGFA was predominantly performed in breast surgeries (n = 3310) and head and neck reconstruction (n = 701) albeit with inconsistency in protocols and predominantly subjective interpretations (only five studies utilized objective thresholds). In breast surgery, meta‐analysis demonstrated significant reductions in mastectomy skin flap necrosis (odds ratio (OR) 0.58, p < 0.0001), fat necrosis (OR 0.31, p < 0.001), infection (OR 0.66, p = 0.02), and re‐operation (OR 0.40, p < 0.0001), but no significant decrease in total or partial flap loss (OR 0.78, p = 0.57/OR 0.87, p = 0.56, respectively) or increase in dehiscence (OR 1.55, p = 0.11). In head and neck surgery, ICGFA significantly decreased total flap loss (OR 0.47, p = 0.04), although not partial flap loss (OR 0.37, p = 0.13) and reoperation (OR 0.92, p = 0.73). Lower limb (n = 104) and abdominal wall (n = 95) reconstructive surgeries were much less studied with no significant ICGFA impact. Seven studies reported cost savings with flap surgeries and breast reconstructions, although study heterogeneity precluded meta‐analysis.ConclusionsICGFA appears to be a useful, cost‐effective tool to identify otherwise unsuspected hypoperfusion in breast and head and neck reconstruction. There is a clear need for standardization, however, to avoid bias. Further RCTs are necessary to solidify these promising clinical findings.
Unilateral and Bilateral Transcutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation in Women With Overactive Bladder Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Study (UBTTNS‐OAB Study)
Authors: Galhardo Letícia Martinelli , Giorgenon Geovanna Volta , Rótoli Marina , de Araújo Camila Carvalho , Brito Luiz G. O. , Juliato Cássia R. T. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe efficacy of unilateral versus bilateral Transcutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (TTNS) for women with Overactive Bladder Syndrome (OAB) remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of unilateral and bilateral TTNS in the tibial region in women with OAB.MethodsThis randomized, controlled, triple‐blind clinical trial included women with OAB or urgency‐predominant urinary incontinence (UUI). Participants were randomized (1:1) into the Unilateral Tibial Group or Bilateral Tibial Group. Before treatment, they underwent a pre‐assessment including peripheral sensitivity examination and completion of sociodemographic data and seven validated questionnaires on urinary symptoms, quality of life, sleep, and psycho‐emotional aspects. TTNS interventions were administered twice weekly (12 sessions, 30 min each). Posttreatment, participants underwent another physical examination and completed the same questionnaires, with a 30‐day follow‐up. Categorical variables were analyzed using Chi‐square or Fisher's Exact Test, while numerical variables were assessed with the Mann‐Whitney test. Group comparisons over time utilized intention‐to‐treat ANOVA (p < 0.05).ResultsThirty‐five women participated: 17 in the unilateral group and 18 in the bilateral group. Mean ages were 55.1 (±14.7) years and 52.7 (±12.6) years, respectively (p = 0.680). Initial OAB severity (ICIQ‐OAB) did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.561). Both groups showed significant improvement in ICIQ‐OAB scores: unilateral group from 10.1 (±3.4) to 5.8 (±3.4) (p < 0.001), bilateral group from 9.3 (±3.3) to 5.1 (±4) (p < 0.001), with no intergroup difference (p = 0.395). Improvement in UUI symptoms was observed: unilateral group from 2.2 (±1.4) to 0.7 (±1.5), bilateral group from 1.5 (±1.9) to 0.2 (±0.5), without significant intergroup difference (p = 0.645). Quality of life scores improved similarly between groups (p = 0.055).ConclusionTTNS appears to be effective in improving bladder storage and UUI symptoms in women with OAB, with no difference between unilateral and bilateral applications.Clinical Trial RegistrationBrazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC) (RBR: 96f2fgkn).
Impact of nutrition‐related laboratory tests on mortality of patients who are critically ill using artificial intelligence: A focus on trace elements, vitamins, and cholesterol
Authors: Park Dong Jin , Baik Seung Min , Lee Hanyoung , Park Hoonsung , Lee Jae‐Myeong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to understand the collective impact of trace elements, vitamins, cholesterol, and prealbumin on patient outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU) using an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) model for mortality prediction.MethodsData from ICU patients (December 2016 to December 2021), including serum levels of trace elements, vitamins, cholesterol, and prealbumin, were retrospectively analyzed using AI models. Models employed included category boosting (CatBoost), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). Performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), accuracy, precision, recall, and F1‐score. The performance was evaluated using 10‐fold crossvalidation. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method provided interpretability.ResultsCatBoost emerged as the top‐performing individual AI model with an AUROC of 0.756, closely followed by LGBM, MLP, and XGBoost. Furthermore, the ensemble model combining these four models achieved the highest AUROC of 0.776 and more balanced metrics, outperforming all models. SHAP analysis indicated significant influences of prealbumin, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and age on predictions. Notably, the ratios of selenium to age and low‐density lipoprotein to total cholesterol also had a notable impact on the models' output.ConclusionThe study underscores the critical role of nutrition‐related parameters in ICU patient outcomes. Advanced AI models, particularly in an ensemble approach, demonstrated improved predictive accuracy. SHAP analysis offered insights into specific factors influencing patient survival, highlighting the need for broader consideration of these biomarkers in critical care management.
Improved visualization of cochlear implant electrodes on photon counting detector CT
Authors: Schroeder Dane G. , Farnsworth Paul J. , Carr Carrie M. , DeLone David R. , Benson John C. , Carlson Matthew L. , Leng Shuai , Mark Ian T. , Kassmeyer Blake A. , Lane Jack I. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundCochlear implants (CIs) are used to rehabilitate moderate to profound sensorineural hearing loss and stimulate the auditory system via a multichannel electrode array positioned in the scala tympani. Imaging evaluation of CIs is substantially degraded by metallic artifacts. Photon‐counting detector (PCD)‐CT has the potential to minimize such artifacts, though this has not been convincingly established in prior studies. This study compared the visualization of CI electrodes on PCD‐CT to conventional energy integrating detector (EID)‐CT.Materials and MethodsFive patients with CIs were prospectively recruited to undergo temporal bone imaging on both EID‐CT and PCD‐CT scanners yielding 2D and 3D Volume Rendering Technique (VRT) images. Three nonblinded neuroradiologists reviewed 2D and 3D VRT images for the ability to resolve CI electrode leads using a Likert scale. The average Likert scores of PCD‐CT versus EID‐CT were calculated for each reader for both 2D and 3D VRT images. (Likert scores 1–5 based on inferior to superior rating of PCD‐CT compared to EID‐CT). Inter‐rater agreement was assessed using Krippendorff's alpha with ordinal weights. ResultsFive patients underwent temporal bone CT for CI array evaluation. As evidenced by 5‐point Likert scales that were independently used by the three reviewers, this study demonstrated superior resolution of CI electrode array using PCD‐CT as compared to EID‐CT with an average score of 4.2 ± 0.8 for 2D images and 4.9 ± 0.4 for 3D VRT images.ConclusionsPCD‐CT is superior to EID‐CT in the visualization of CI electrodes, particularly in 3D VRT imaging.