bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure Probability Analysis of Aged Piping Using Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Methodology Considering Seismic Loads
Authors: Yamaguchi Yoshihito , Katsuyama Jinya , Li Yinsheng 
Published: December 2016

Several nuclear power plants in Japan have been operating for more than 30 years and cracks due to age-related degradations have been detected in some piping systems during in-service inspections. Furthermore, several of them have experienced severe earthquakes in recent years. Therefore, failure probability analysis and fragility evaluation for piping systems, taking both age-related degradations and seismic loads into consideration, has become increasingly important for the structural integrity evaluation and the seismic probabilistic risk assessment.
Probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) is recognized as a rational methodology for failure probability analysis and fragility evaluation of aged piping, because it can take the scatters and uncertainties of influence parameters into account. In our Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), a PFM analysis code PASCAL-SP was developed for aged piping considering age-related degradations. In this study, we improved PASCAL-SP for the fragility evaluation taking both age-related degradations and seismic loads into account. The details of the improvement of PASCAL-SP are explained and some example analysis results of failure probabilities, fragility curves and a preliminary investigation on seismic safety margin are presented in this paper.
Bonding Temperature Condition Dependence of Strength Improvement Effect by Decrease of Metal Thickness in Ceramic to Metal Joint System
Authors: Tateno Masayoshi , Tominaga Takashi 
Published: December 2016

This study provides effects of bonding temperature conditions on practical strength in ceramic to metal joint system made by two stages bonding process. Ceramic to metal joint system is required to reduce the residual stress near the edge of the interface and to improve bonding strength.
The two stages bonding process, which was proposed in PVP2015-45822, can be a useful method to prevent the residual stress from increasing. This process consists of two stages, the first bonding process defined as a ceramic is bonded to thin metal layer at high temperature and the secondary process defined as a thick metal is bonded to the thin metal layer of the joint at lower temperature. It is necessary to provide effects of thickness of thin metal layer on the practical bonding strength in various combinations of the first and the secondary bonding temperature conditions.
Past experimental results showed the practical bonding strength would be dominated by the residual stress near the edge of the interface between the thin metal layer and the ceramic. The residual stress can be associated with the first and/or the secondary bonding temperature conditions. Setting the optimum metal thickness improves the bonding strength independent of the bonding temperature conditions in the limited conditions.
This paper provided dependence of the optimum metal layer thickness on the first and the secondary bonding temperature conditions was clarified experimentally. It also found effective metal thickness, which is capable of strengthening the siliconnitride to nickel joint system, in the combination of the first bonding temperature ranged over from 880°C to 980°C and the secondary bonding temperature ranged over from 600°C to 700°C.
It appeared the first bonding temperature and the secondary one are set at the higher, the optimum metal thickness becomes smaller. The result showed that decreasing metal thickness possesses similar effect to decreasing bonding temperature for reducing the thermal residual stress. Reducing the residual stress is capable of strengthening the part of the edge of the interface on the ceramic side. Setting the metal layer thinner should be applied for producing the high strength ceramic to metal joint system.
The two stages bonding process can contribute to achieve the high strength bonded dissimilar materials by setting the optimum thin metal thickness.
Simulation of a Multi-Pass Dissimilar Metal Nozzle to Pipe Weld Using Abaqus 2D Weld GUI and Comparison With Measurements
Authors: Parmar Chandrahas , Gill Christopher , Pellereau Benjamin , Hurrell Paul 
Published: December 2016

The computer simulation of multiple layering of welds is necessary to determine the distortion and residual stresses arising from the welding process. The welding simulation requires thermal and structural solutions, which are usually carried out in two simulations. Once solved, the thermal transient model temperature results are read in to the structural model to solve for component stresses.
This paper describes the application of the Abaqus Weld Interface (AWI) plug-in for 2D axisymmetric simulation of the residual stresses generated in a Dissimilar Metal Weld (DMW) nozzle to pipe joint comprising of an Alloy 600 nozzle girth weld to a 316 LN Stainless Steel (SS) safe-end pipe. The test piece was manufactured for an ongoing programme within Rolls-Royce PLC. A mechanised Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process was employed depositing 83 weld bead passes. The weld filler material was Alloy 82.
The AWI Graphical User Interface (GUI) simplifies and saves a large amount of time towards generating the Finite Element Models (FEMs). By using the AWI plug-in within Abaqus/CAE, the FEMs take approximately a month to generate and solve with significant time savings associated with setting up the surfaces for the welding bead sequences and matching the heat input to the actual specimen. The GUI rapidly creates both the thermal and structural input files for the Abaqus/Standard solver. However, modifications were made to the thermal and structural FEM model input files to suit the analysis pre-processing requirements for idealised conditions to match the test piece pipework conditions.
FEM predictions captured the characteristic through-wall Weld Residual Stress (WRS) profiles measured by Deep Hole Drilling (DHD). The weld shrinkage was under estimated.
Performance Evaluation of Allplex Respiratory Panels 1, 2, and 3 for Detection of Respiratory Viruses and Influenza A Virus Subtypes
Authors: Huh Hee Jae , Kim Ji-Youn , Kwon Hyeon Jeong , Yun Sun Ae , Lee Myoung-Keun , Lee Nam Yong , Kim Jong-Won , Ki Chang-Seok 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
The Allplex respiratory panels 1, 2, and 3 (Allplex) comprise a one-step real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for the detection of respiratory viruses (RVs) and influenza A subtypes based on multiple detection temperature (MuDT) technology. The performance of the Allplex assay was compared with those of the AdvanSure RV real-time PCR kit (AdvanSure) and the PowerChek pandemic H1N1/H3N2/H5N1 real-time PCR kit (PowerChek) using 417 clinical respiratory specimens. In comparison with the AdvanSure assay for RV detection by each virus, the ranges of positive percent agreement, negative percent agreement, and kappa values with the Allplex assay were 82.8 to 100%, 95.5 to 100%, and 0.85 to 1.00, respectively. For influenza A virus (INF A) subtyping, the kappa values between the Allplex and PowerChek assays were 0.67 and 1.00 for the INF A H1N1-pdm09 and H3 subtypes, respectively. Uniplex PCR and sequencing for samples with discrepant results demonstrated that the majority of results were concordant with those from the Allplex assay. When testing 24 samples, the turnaround and hands-on time required to perform the Allplex assay were 4 h 15 min and 15 min, respectively. In conclusion, the Allplex assay produced results comparable to those from the AdvanSure and PowerChek assays.
Structural Protein VP2 of African Horse Sickness Virus Is Not Essential for Virus Replication
In Vitro
Authors: van Gennip René G. P. , van de Water Sandra G. P. , Potgieter Christiaan A. , van Rijn Piet A. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

The
Reoviridae
family consists of nonenveloped multilayered viruses with a double-stranded RNA genome consisting of 9 to 12 genome segments. The
Orbivirus
genus of the
Reoviridae
family contains African horse sickness virus (AHSV), bluetongue virus, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, which cause notifiable diseases and are spread by biting
Culicoides
species. Here, we used reverse genetics for AHSV to study the role of outer capsid protein VP2, encoded by genome segment 2 (Seg-2). Expansion of a previously found deletion in Seg-2 indicates that structural protein VP2 of AHSV is not essential for virus replication
in vitro
. In addition, in-frame replacement of RNA sequences in Seg-2 by that of green fluorescence protein (GFP) resulted in AHSV expressing GFP, which further confirmed that VP2 is not essential for virus replication. In contrast to virus replication without VP2 expression in mammalian cells, virus replication in insect cells was strongly reduced, and virus release from insect cells was completely abolished. Further, the other outer capsid protein, VP5, was not copurified with virions for virus mutants without VP2 expression. AHSV without VP5 expression, however, could not be recovered, indicating that outer capsid protein VP5 is essential for virus replication
in vitro
. Our results demonstrate for the first time that a structural viral protein is not essential for orbivirus replication
in vitro
, which opens new possibilities for research on other members of the
Reoviridae
family.

IMPORTANCE
Members of the
Reoviridae
family cause major health problems worldwide, ranging from lethal diarrhea caused by rotavirus in humans to economic losses in livestock production caused by different orbiviruses. The
Orbivirus
genus contains many virus species, of which bluetongue virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, and African horse sickness virus (AHSV) cause notifiable diseases according to the World Organization of Animal Health. Recently, it has been shown that nonstructural proteins NS3/NS3a and NS4 are not essential for virus replication
in vitro
, whereas it is generally assumed that structural proteins VP1 to -7 of these nonenveloped, architecturally complex virus particles are essential. Here we demonstrate for the first time that structural protein VP2 of AHSV is not essential for virus replication
in vitro
. Our findings are very important for virologists working in the field of nonenveloped viruses, in particular reoviruses.
Assessment of cardiovascular risk in Tunisia: applying the Framingham risk score to national survey data
Authors: Saidi O , Malouche D , O'Flaherty M , Ben Mansour N , A Skhiri H , Ben Romdhane H , Bezdah L 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveThis paper aims to assess the socioeconomic determinants of a high 10 year cardiovascular risk in Tunisia.SettingWe used a national population based cross sectional survey conducted in 2005 in Tunisia comprising 7780 subjects. We applied the non-laboratory version of the Framingham equation to estimate the 10 year cardiovascular risk.Participants8007 participants, aged 35–74 years, were included in the sample but effective exclusion of individuals with cardiovascular diseases and cancer resulted in 7780 subjects (3326 men and 4454 women) included in the analysis.ResultsMean age was 48.7 years. Women accounted for 50.5% of participants. According to the Framingham equation, 18.1% (17.25–18.9%) of the study population had a high risk (≥20% within 10 years). The gender difference was striking and statistically significant: 27.2% (25.7–28.7%) of men had a high risk, threefold higher than women (9.7%; 8.8–10.5%). A higher 10 year global cardiovascular risk was associated with social disadvantage in men and women; thus illiterate and divorced individuals, and adults without a professional activity had a significantly higher risk of developing a cardiovascular event in 10 years. Illiterate men were at higher risk than those with secondary and higher education (OR=7.01; 5.49 to 9.14). The risk in illiterate women was more elevated (OR=13.57; 7.58 to 24.31). Those living in an urban area had a higher risk (OR=1.45 (1.19 to 1.76) in men and OR=1.71 (1.35 to 2.18) in women).ConclusionsThe 10 year global cardiovascular risk in the Tunisian population is already substantially high, affecting almost a third of men and 1 in 10 women, and concentrated in those more socially disadvantaged.
Validated adherence scales used in a measurement-guided medication management approach to target and tailor a medication adherence intervention: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nguyen Thi-My-Uyen , La Caze Adam , Cottrell Neil 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo determine if a targeted and tailored intervention based on a discussion informed by validated adherence scales will improve medication adherence.DesignProspective randomised trial.Setting2 community pharmacies in Brisbane, Australia.MethodsPatients recently initiated on a cardiovascular or oral hypoglycaemic medication within the past 4–12 weeks were recruited from two community pharmacies. Participants identified as non-adherent using the Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ) were randomised into the intervention or control group. The intervention group received a tailored intervention based on a discussion informed by responses to the MAQ, Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire-Specific and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Adherence was measured using the MAQ at 3 and 6 months following the intervention.ResultsA total of 408 patients were assessed for eligibility, from which 152 participants were enrolled into the study. 120 participants were identified as non-adherent using the MAQ and randomised to the ‘intervention’ or ‘control’ group. The mean MAQ score at baseline in the intervention and control were similar (1.58: 95% CI (1.38 to 1.78) and 1.60: 95% CI (1.43 to 1.77), respectively). There was a statistically significant improvement in adherence in the intervention group compared to control at 3 months (mean MAQ score 0.42: 95% CI (0.27 to 0.57) vs 1.58: 95% CI (1.42 to 1.75); p<0.001). The significant improvement in MAQ score in the intervention group compared to control was sustained at 6 months (0.48: 95% CI (0.31 to 0.65) vs 1.48: 95% CI (1.27 to 1.69); p<0.001).ConclusionsAn intervention that targeted non-adherent participants and tailored to participant-specific reasons for non-adherence was successful at improving medication adherence.Trial registration numberACTRN12613000162718; Results.
Privacy Protection in Outsourced Spatial Databases
Authors: Kamel Ibrahim , Ba-Hutair Mohammed N. 
Published: December 2016

Organizations have come to realize that storing their databases in the Cloud rather than in-house data centers is cheaper and more flexible. However, companies are still concerned about the privacy and the security of their data. Encrypting the whole database before uploading it to the Cloud solves the security issue. But querying the database requires downloading and decrypting the entire dataset, which is impractical. This paper proposes a new scheme for protecting the privacy and integrity of spatial data stored in the Cloud while being able to execute range queries efficiently. Data objects are encrypted and sorted using Z-order space-filling curve. An index is built on top of the encrypted data to be utilized by the Service Provider to identify and retrieve a superset of data objects that contains the answers to the query. Many simulation experiments have been carried out to measure the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of the redundancy in data retrieved. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the most recent scheme by Kim et al. in terms of data redundancy.
ICER 2016, and Star Trek at 50
Authors: Guzdial Mark , Reed Daniel 
Published: December 2016

The
Communications
Web site, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

twitter

Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM
http://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm
Mark Guzdial reports on promising papers, and Daniel Reed recalls a television show that continues to inspire innovation.
Atezolizumab: A PD-L1–Blocking Antibody for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Inman Brant A. , Longo Thomas A. , Ramalingam Sundhar , Harrison Michael R. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Atezolizumab (Tecentriq, MPDL3280A; Genentech/Roche) is an FcγR binding–deficient, fully humanized IgG1 mAb designed to interfere with the binding of PD-L1 ligand to its two receptors, PD-1 and B7.1. By blocking the PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint, atezolizumab reduces immunosuppressive signals found within the tumor microenvironment and, consequently, increases T-cell–mediated immunity against the tumor. Atezolizumab has been FDA approved as second-line therapy for advanced bladder cancer. This accelerated approval was based on phase II trial data in patients with metastatic bladder cancer that showed unexpected and durable tumor responses. In subjects whose tumors progressed on first-line platinum-based chemotherapy, the objective response rate was 15%, the complete response rate was 5%, and 1-year overall survival was 36%. In subjects that were chemotherapy naïve and cisplatin ineligible, the objective response rate was 24%, the complete response rate was 7%, and 1-year overall survival was 57%. Better responses were associated with higher PD-L1 expression on the tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. These data suggest that patients with advanced bladder cancer treated with atezolizumab have significantly better response rates and survival than historical controls treated with other second-line regimens. The toxicity profile of atezolizumab is also favorable. Trials are currently assessing whether atezolizumab is effective in earlier bladder cancer stages and in the first-line metastatic setting. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 1886–90. ©2016 AACR.
Impact of Left Atrial Appendage Closure During Cardiac Surgery on the Occurrence of Early Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation, Stroke, and Mortality
Authors: Melduni Rowlens M. , Schaff Hartzell V. , Lee Hon-Chi , Gersh Bernard J. , Noseworthy Peter A. , Bailey Kent R. , Ammash Naser M. , Cha Stephen S. , Fatema Kaniz , Wysokinski Waldemar E. , Seward James B. , Packer Douglas L. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Asirvatham Samuel J. 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Prophylactic exclusion of the left atrial appendage (LAA) is often performed during cardiac surgery ostensibly to reduce the risk of stroke. However, the clinical impact of LAA closure in humans remains inconclusive.

Methods:
Of 10 633 adults who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and valve surgery between January 2000 and December 2005, 9792 patients with complete baseline characteristics, surgery procedure, and follow-up data were included in this analysis. A propensity score–matching analysis based on 28 pretreatment covariates was performed and 461 matching pairs were derived and analyzed to estimate the association of LAA closure with early postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) (atrial fibrillation ≤30 days of surgery), ischemic stroke, and mortality.

Results:

In the propensity-matched cohort, the overall incidence of POAF was 53.9%. In this group, the rate of early POAF among the patients who underwent LAA closure was 68.6% versus 31.9% for those who did not undergo the procedure (
P
<0.001). LAA closure was independently associated with an increased risk of early POAF (adjusted odds ratio, 3.88; 95% confidence interval, 2.89–5.20), but did not significantly influence the risk of stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–1.58) or mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.75–1.13).

Conclusions:
After adjustment for treatment allocation bias, LAA closure during routine cardiac surgery was significantly associated with an increased risk of early POAF, but it did not influence the risk of stroke or mortality. It remains uncertain whether prophylactic exclusion of the LAA is warranted for stroke prevention during non–atrial fibrillation-related cardiac surgery.
Manuscripts in Bihari Calligraphy: Preliminary Remarks on a Little-Known Corpus
Authors: Brac De La Perrière Eloïse 
Published: December 2016

Within the corpus of manuscripts attributed to Sultanate India (thirteenth to sixteenth centuries), one group of Korans stands out. These Korans, which are in the Bihari script, follow precise and recurrent rules. They are defined by the use of Bihari calligraphy, a writing style specific to the Indian subcontinent, as well as by a common ornamentation and a particular page layout that reveals a complex hermeneutical system. This system is made up of different categories of texts related to the Koran, among which are repeated references to the canonical readings, or qiraʾāt. Several manuscripts also contain a book of divination (fālnāma) appended at the end. The oldest specimens are among the earliest known manuscripts for India, even though their production extended into the nineteenth century, which raises numerous questions about the milieu in which they may have come into existence and the uses for which they may have been intended.
Subretinal adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell implantation in advanced stage retinitis pigmentosa: a phase I clinical safety study
Authors: Oner Ayse , Gonen Z. Burcin , Sinim Neslihan , Cetin Mustafa , Ozkul Yusuf 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
This prospective clinical case series aimed to investigate the safety of subretinal adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) implantation in advanced stage retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods
This study included 11 patients with end-stage RP who received subretinal implantation of ADMSCs. All patients had a total visual field defect and five of them only had light perception. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the study was 20/2000. All patients had undetectable electroretinography (ERG). The worst eye of the patient was operated on and, after total vitrectomy with a 23 gauge, ADMSCs were injected subretinally. Patients were evaluated at day 1, at weeks 1–4, and then once a month for 6 months, postoperatively. BCVA, anterior segment and fundus examination, color photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were carried out at each visit. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), perimetry, and ERG recordings were performed before treatment and at the end of month 6, and anytime if necessary during the follow-up.

Results
All 11 patients completed the 6-month follow-up. None of them had systemic complications. Five patients had no ocular complications. One of the patients experienced choroidal neovascular membrane (CNM) at the implantation site and received an intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drug once. Five patients had epiretinal membrane around the transplantation area and at the periphery, and received a second vitrectomy and silicon oil injection. There was no statistically significant difference in BCVA and ERG recordings from baseline. Only one patient experienced an improvement in visual acuity (from 20/2000 to 20/200), visual field, and ERG. Three patients mentioned that the light and some colors were brighter than before and there was a slight improvement in BCVA. The remaining seven patients had no BCVA improvement (five of them only had light perception before surgery).

Conclusions
Stem cell treatment with subretinal implantation of ADMSCs seems to have some ocular complications and should be applied with caution. The results of this study provide the first evidence of the short-term safety of ADMSCs in humans, and clarifies the complications of the therapy which would be beneficial for future studies. To optimize the cell delivery technique and to evaluate the effects of this therapy on visual acuity and the quality of life of these patients, future studies with a larger number of cases will be necessary.