bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granulierende Proktosigmoiditis durch Antibiotika-assoziierte Pseudomonaden-Infektion
Authors: Kapp Philipp , Meier Wolfgang , Reinehr Roland 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Einige Wochen nach Antibiotikatherapie wird ein älterer Patient mit ausgeprägter Beeinträchtigung durch anhaltende Diarrhö eingeliefert.
Untersuchungen Unter der Exsikkose hat sich eine Niereninsuffizienz verschlechtert, der Patient ist immobilisiert und geschwächt. In der Rekto-Sigmoidoskopie stellt sich eine granulierende Proktosigmoiditis mit membranösen Exsudationen und Granulationen dar.
Diagnose Durch die Stuhlkulturen wurde der Nachweis von Pseudomonas aeruginosa möglich.
Therapie und Verlauf Unter Infusionen besserte sich die Nierenfunktion rasch. Eine orale Antibiose mit Ciprofloxacin wurde mit Erfolg durchgeführt.
Folgerung Ältere Menschen sind durch ihre Multimorbidität anfällig für Dysenterie nach Antibiotikaeinsatz, wobei nicht nur Clostridien eine Rolle spielen, sondern auch seltener auftretende Keime wie Pseudomonaden. Im Rahmen ausgeprägter Diarrhö kann im hohen Alter rasch ein prärenales Nierenversagen entstehen.
Psychologische Versorgung einer besonders vulnerablen Flüchtlingsgruppe
Authors: Hillebrecht Jennifer , Helmes Almut , Bengel Jürgen 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungNach dem Shingal-Genozid im August 2014 im Nordirak wurde das humanitäre Aufnahmeprogramm Sonderkontingent Baden-Württemberg „Schutzbedürftiger Frauen und Kinder aus dem Nordirak“ beschlossen und 1100 Personen, überwiegend Eziden, in verschiedenen Kommunen in Deutschland untergebracht. Die Zielgruppe ist eine besonders vulnerable Personengruppe mit einem hohen Risiko für die Entwicklung von Traumafolgestörungen. Wir stellen das Versorgungskonzept für 205 ezidische Frauen und Kinder in Freiburg vor. Es wurde ein Stepped-Care-Ansatz für die psychologische Versorgung entwickelt, um die Betroffenen in den Alltag und in die Gesundheitsversorgung in Deutschland zu integrieren. Im Zentrum stehen die bedarfsabhängig aufsuchende psychologisch-psychotherapeutische Versorgung und die inter- und multidisziplinäre Kooperation der beteiligten Dienste.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis Activity in Alcohol-Dependent Patients During Treatment with High-Dose Baclofen
Authors: Geisel Olga , Schlemm Ludwig , Hellweg Rainer , Wiedemann Klaus , Müller Christian 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Aims Activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis has been reported to be affected in alcohol use disorder (AUD). It has been suggested that pharmacological relapse prevention in AUD might exert its effects partly by modulation of HPA axis activity. Here, we assessed the effects of high-dose treatment with baclofen on HPA axis activity in alcohol-dependent patients within a 24-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial (BACLAD study).
Methods Plasma levels of copeptin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol were measured at 3 timepoints in alcohol-dependent patients during the study. Corresponding plasma levels in healthy controls were assessed once.
Results ACTH blood levels were significantly higher in the group of alcohol-dependent patients compared to controls. In patients receiving individually titrated high-dose baclofen, plasma cortisol levels decreased significantly, whereas no significant alterations were found in the placebo group.
Conclusions Our study underlines again the role of HPA axis alterations in AUD. Furthermore, a decrease in hormonal stress levels during treatment with high-dose baclofen might contribute to the relapse preventive effects of this compound.
Langerhanszell-Histiozytose unter dem Bild einer Folliculitis decalvans und Intertrigo
Authors: Nasifoglu S. , Welzel J. 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Langerhanszell-Histiozytose ist eine seltene Erkrankung unklarer Ätiologie, die durch eine Proliferation histiozytärer Zellen in verschiedenen Geweben gekennzeichnet ist. Vor wenigen Jahren wurde entdeckt, dass ein Großteil der LCH-Zellen eine BRAF-Mutation aufweist. Eine neoplastische Genese ist demnach denkbar. Da mehrere Organe durch die proliferierende Zellen betroffen sein können, sind die Beschwerden der Langerhanszell-Histiozytose vielgestaltig. Das am häufigsten betroffene Organ bei der erwachsenen Langerhanszell-Histiozytose ist die Lunge, gefolgt von den Knochen. In ⅓ der Fälle ist die Haut betroffen, sodass dem Dermatologen bei der Diagnosefindung eine ausgesprochen wichtige Rolle zukommt. Wegweisende Befunde sind die Trias erosive, ekzemartige Hautveränderungen am Kapillitium sowie in den Intertrigines in Kombination mit einem Diabetes insipidus. Die Diagnose wird letztlich histologisch gestellt. Typisch sind dichte Infiltrate, bestehend aus großen Zellen mit bohnenförmigem Zellkern, die immunhistochemisch durch Nachweis von CD1a-Antigen auf der Zelloberfläche charakterisiert sind. Therapeutisch werden neben topischen Steroiden, PUVA, systemischen Immunsuppressiva auch teilweise Polychemotherapien sowie chirurgische und auch strahlentherapeutische Maßnahmen angewandt. Aufgrund der neuesten Erkenntnisse der bestehenden BRAF-Mutation wird derzeit auch der Einsatz von BRAF-Inhibitoren diskutiert. Bei lokalisierten Formen der LCH ist die Prognose günstig. Der Ausgang der disseminierten Form ist abhängig vom Ausmaß des Organbefalls sowie vom Alter der Patienten. In seltenen Fällen wurden Entwicklungen zu akuten myeloischen Leukämien beobachtet. Aufgrund der Seltenheit der Erkrankungen hat sich bisher kein systematischer und interdisziplinärer Ansatz zur Diagnosestellung und Therapie ebenso wie kein langfristiges Nachsorgekonzept etabliert.
Computerbasierte Testung neurokognitiver Aspekte im Rahmen der audiologischen Diagnostik
Authors: Völter Christiane , Götze Lisa , Falkenstein Michael , Dazert Stefan , Thomas Jan Peter 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Im Hinblick auf den demographischen Wandel der Gesellschaft gewinnen in der Hörrehabilitation neurokognitive Fähigkeiten
immer mehr an Bedeutung.
Fragestellung Ziel der Studie war es zu untersuchen, inwiefern eine neurokognitive Testung mittels PC-gestützter Aufgaben zur
Evaluation der unterschiedlichen Bereiche der Kognition auch für ältere Patienten mit und ohne Hörstörung geeignet ist und wie sich diese in
den klinischen Alltag des HNO-Arztes integrieren lässt.
Patientenbeschreibung 171 Patienten ≥ 50 Jahren mit und ohne eine beidseitige Hörbeeinträchtigung wurden eingeschlossen: n = 90 im
Alter zwischen 50 und 64 Jahren (57,0 ± 4,5) und 81 Ältere ab 65 (72,5 ± 5,4).
Methode Eine computerbasierte Testung mit rein visuellen Instruktionen beinhaltete neben der Aufmerksamkeit, der
Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit, dem Kurz- und Langzeitgedächtnis auch exekutive Funktionen. Zuvor erfolgte ein Probedurchgang unter Anleitung
einer geschulten Mitarbeiterin.
Ergebnisse Auch wenn die Testung unabhängig von Alter oder Hörstatus in allen Fällen eigenständig möglich war, benötigten
Hörgeschädigte 15 Minuten länger zur Durchführung und beurteilten diese als anstrengender als Hörgesunde (71 % versus 63 %). Patienten
mittleren Alters sahen die Durchführbarkeit für Menschen des höheren Lebensalters mit 30 % signifikant (p = 0,02) kritischer als die
betroffene Altersgruppe selbst (10 %).
Schlussfolgerung Eine umfassende kognitive Testung älterer Schwerhöriger mit computerbasierten Aufgaben lässt sich problemlos in den
klinischen HNO Alltag integrieren und könnte eine wertvolle Ergänzung der audiologischen Diagnostik im Hinblick auf eine bestmögliche
Hörrehabilitation darstellen.
Detection and Quantification of Cannabinoids in Extracts of Cannabis sativa Roots Using LC-MS/MS
Authors: Gul Waseem , Gul Shahbaz , Chandra Suman , Lata Hemant , Ibrahim Elsayed , ElSohly Mahmoud 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry single-laboratory validation was performed for the detection and quantification of the 10 major cannabinoids of cannabis, namely, (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabigerol, cannabichromene, tetrahydrocannabivarian, cannabinol, (−)-trans-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiolic acid, cannabigerolic acid, and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-A, in the root extract of Cannabis sativa. Acetonitrile : methanol (80 : 20, v/v) was used for extraction; d3-cannabidiol and d3- tetrahydrocannabinol were used as the internal standards. All 10 cannabinoids showed a good regression relationship with r
2 > 0.99. The validated method is simple, sensitive, and reproducible and is therefore suitable for the detection and quantification of these cannabinoids in extracts of cannabis roots. To our knowledge, this is the first report for the quantification of cannabinoids in cannabis roots.
A virus-targeted plant receptor-like kinase promotes cell-to-cell spread of RNAi
Authors: Rosas-Diaz Tabata , Zhang Dan , Fan Pengfei , Wang Liping , Ding Xue , Jiang Yuli , Jimenez-Gongora Tamara , Medina-Puche Laura , Zhao Xinyan , Feng Zhengyan , Zhang Guiping , Liu Xiaokun , Bejarano Eduardo R. , Tan Li , Zhang Heng , Zhu Jian-Kang , Xing Weiman , Faulkner Christine , Nagawa Shingo , Lozano-Duran Rosa 
Published: January 2018

Significance
In plants, RNA interference (RNAi) is the main antiviral defense mechanism. RNAi moves cell-to-cell through cytoplasmic channels called plasmodesmata, spreading ahead of the viral infection to immunize tissues before arrival of the virus. How this movement is regulated has been elusive. Here, we identify a plant protein, BAM1, localized at plasmodesmata and promoting RNAi spread; both BAM1 and its closest homolog, BAM2, are required for this process. In agreement with their role in promoting RNAi movement, we found that BAM1 and BAM2 are targeted by a viral effector, which acts as a suppressor of RNAi spread. Our work offers insight into the regulation of cell-to-cell spread of RNAi and provides another example of the arms race between pathogens and hosts.
Developing Shared Appraisals of Diabetes Risk Through Family Health History Feedback: The Case of Mexican-Heritage Families
Authors: Lin Jielu , Marcum Christopher S , Wilkinson Anna V , Koehly Laura M 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Collecting complete and accurate family health history is critical to preventing type 2 diabetes.

Purpose
We seek to identify the optimal risk feedback approach that facilitates risk communication between parents and their adult children and helps them develop shared appraisals of family history of type 2 diabetes.

Methods
In a sample of parent-adult child dyads from 125 Mexican-heritage families residing in Houston, Texas, we examine change in parent-child dyadic (dis)agreement with respect to their shared family health history from baseline to 10 months after receipt of risk feedback generated by Family Healthware. A 2 × 2 factorial design is applied to test how the recipient (one parent or all family members) and the content (risk assessment with or without behavioral recommendations) of the feedback affect (dis)agreement through interpersonal ties, particularly dyadic risk communication.

Results
Providing risk assessment without behavioral recommendations to the parent, but not the adult child, shifts the dyads toward agreement (relative risk ratio [RRR]= 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.18–2.67]), by activating reciprocal risk communication between parents and children (RRR =2.70, 95% CI [1.81–4.03]). Dyads with close interpersonal ties are more likely to shift toward agreement (RRR = 3.09, 95% CI [1.89–5.07]).

Conclusion
Programs aimed at improving family health history knowledge and accuracy of reports should tailor risk feedback strategically for better intervention effect and leverage a network approach in disease prevention among at-risk minority and/or immigrant populations.

Trial Registration Number
NCT00469339.
A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Contralateral Study of Tissue Liquefaction Liposuction vs Suction-Assisted Liposuction
Authors: Hunstad Joseph P , Godek Christopher P , Van Natta Bruce W , Kortesis Bill G , Bharti Gaurav , Crantford John C , Daniels Mark A , Andrew Mark S 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundTissue liquefaction liposuction (TLL) deploys a novel energy source utilizing a stream of warmed, low-pressurized, and pulsed saline to extract fat tissue.ObjectivesCompare TLL to suction-assisted liposuction (SAL) to determine which device is more efficient for surgeons and provides better recovery for patients.MethodsThirty-one adult female patients were followed prospectively in a contralateral study design comparing differences in bruising, swelling, tenderness, and incision appearance ratings between TLL and SAL procedures. Surgical efficiency and appearance of the lipoaspirate were also compared.ResultsAll 31 patients successfully completed the study. For TLL and SAL procedures, the average volumes of infusion (1.242 vs 1.276 L) and aspirated supernatant fat (704 vs 649 mL) were statistically similar. TLL median fat extraction rate was faster than SAL (35.6 vs 25 mL/min; P &lt; 0.0001), and stroke rate was reduced in TLL vs SAL procedures (48 vs 120 strokes/min; P &lt; 0.0001), and both were statistically significant. The mean total scores for bruising, swelling, treatment site tenderness, and incision appearance were lower, indicating improved patient recovery on the TLL side.ConclusionsTLL and SAL techniques produced comparable volume of fat aspirate. TLL demonstrated a 42% faster fat extraction rate and a 68% reduction in arm movements needed to complete the procedure compared to SAL, both of these differences are statistically significant. The TLL side was noted to have reduced bruising and swelling and improved incision site appearance with less tenderness compared to the SAL side.Level of Evidence: 2
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Romisher Rachael , Hill Deanna , Cong Xiaomei 
Published: January 2018

Background:
As opioid abuse increases in the United States, the rate of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) rises dramatically. Caring for infants with NAS and their families is a significant challenge to neonatal nurses.

Purpose:
The purpose of this survey study was to explore attitudes and practice trends among nurses caring for infants with NAS. The study also aimed to identify any gaps in knowledge about NAS.

Method:
An anonymous, cross-sectional survey study was conducted using a researcher-developed questionnaire. The survey questionnaire included 20 Likert-scale questions regarding nurses' attitudes, knowledge, and practice in care of infants with NAS, 1 case study with 3 questions, and 2 open-ended questions. Nurses, including advanced practice nurses and nurse leaders, were invited to participate at a regional neonatal nursing conference in the New England area.

Results:
A total of 54 participants responded, the majority being white, female, non-Hispanic, and bachelor's prepared. Many nurses shared concerns regarding the setting in which infants with NAS are cared for. Nurses expressed varying attitudes regarding interacting with the mothers but generally wanted to build a partnership with them. Nurses also reported a lack of standardized and consistent practice in care for infants with NAS. Three major themes were identified from open-ended questions, including environmental issues, relationship with the mother, and inconsistency in care.

Implications for Practice:
Further research is needed for nurses providing care to infants with NAS. Specific education programs are needed for nurses who are caring for infants with NAS.

Implications for Research:
Further research is needed regarding the effects of NAS on nurses and other healthcare providers.
Association between insulin resistance and the magnetic resonance spectroscopy-determined marrow fat fraction in nondiabetic postmenopausal women
Authors: Li Guanwu , Xu Zheng , Lin Haiyang , Chen Yilei , Li Xuefeng , Chang Shixin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Objective:
The clinical consequences of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia on marrow lipid remain elusive. We aimed to explore the effects of anthropometric and biochemical measures, that is, estimates of insulin resistance, on marrow lipid accumulation in nondiabetic postmenopausal women using magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy.

Methods:
The study participants were 91 nondiabetic postmenopausal women. Marrow fat fraction (FF) at the L3 vertebral body by single-voxel MR spectroscopy and bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were measured. Their glucose and lipid metabolism were determined by biochemical analysis, and their insulin sensitivity was evaluated using the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).

Results:
Adjusted for multiple covariates including age, years since menopause, body mass index, alcohol intake, tobacco use, physical activity, and serum lipid profile, the mean FF was significantly increased, and BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip decreased as quartiles of HOMA-IR increased (P for trends <0.01). HOMA-IR had a positive association with FF (mean difference 0.300, P < 0.001) and a negative association with BMD at the lumbar spine (mean difference −0.182, P = 0.016), total hip (mean difference −0.219, P = 0.001), and femoral neck (mean difference −0.195, P = 0.013). The above described associations of HOMA-IR with FF, lumbar spine, and total hip BMD remained essentially unchanged; however, the association with femoral neck BMD lost significance after adjusting for the aforementioned confounders.

Conclusion:
In nondiabetic postmenopausal women, insulin resistance is correlated with marrow lipid expansion. This association persists after adjusting for the body mass index and other potential covariates, suggesting an independent effect of insulin resistance on marrow adiposity.
Screening Internal Contamination of Inhaled and Ingested Radionuclides with Hand-held Survey Meters
Authors: Adams Grace G. , Casagrande Rocco 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
During the aftermath of a radiological accident or attack, the rapid identification of individuals who have internalized medically significant amounts of material is paramount to guide medical and public health decisions. This paper explores the utility of hand-held, pancake GM detectors to determine if an individual has inhaled 90Sr, 137Cs, 238Pu, 239Pu, or 241Am in quantities requiring treatment. Additionally, ingestion of 90Sr or 137Cs was considered. Both 90Sr and 137Cs were modeled in equilibrium with their progeny, but the progeny of 238Pu, 239Pu, and 241Am were excluded. Treatment thresholds are defined using the National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements’ (NCRP) clinical decision guides (CDGs). Using Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) modeling software, a human phantom and detector were modeled to determine the activity required to achieve a detector reading of twice background 1, 7, or 30 d post-ingestion or post-inhalation. Modeling found that inhaled 238Pu, 239Pu, and 241Am are detectable only if the contaminated individual inhaled thousands-fold more material than the CDG. This lack of detectability means that hand-held GM detectors are inappropriate for initial screening for americium or plutonium and that more intensive screening is necessary to confirm suspected contamination. Cesium-137, by contrast, could be detected at levels 10‐ to 100‐fold lower than the amount requiring treatment, allowing quick differentiation between contaminated and uncontaminated individuals. Surprisingly, 90Sr was detectable within a factor of 2 of the amount requiring treatment. Detection of 90Sr was due primarily to bremsstrahlung radiation from beta interactions with calcium in bone. While rapid screening could identify individuals contaminated by 137Cs and possibly with 90Sr, further screening of identified individuals is necessary to establish medical need. However, these contaminated individuals could still be prioritized for further testing and possible presumptive treatment. Based on the findings of this study, concepts of operation for the use of hand-held survey meters should be developed for the screening of individuals potentially internally contaminated with 137Cs and 90Sr.
Exploring Nitrous Oxide as Treatment of Mood Disorders
Authors: Nagele Peter , Zorumski Charles F. , Conway Charles 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) has shown early promise as a rapidly acting antidepressant in patients with treatment-resistant major depression and is currently investigated in several clinical trials. Because nitrous oxide is rarely administered outside operating rooms or dental practices, most psychiatrists are not familiar with how nitrous oxide is administered in a medical setting and what regulations guide its use. The goal of this brief review was to educate psychiatrists about the basic concepts of nitrous oxide administration and pharmacology. Furthermore, common misconceptions about nitrous oxide will be discussed.
Effects of a Psychoeducational Intervention in Patients With Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: WU Pei-Hua , CHEN Shang-Wen , HUANG Wen-Tsung , CHANG Shu-Chan , HSU Mei-Chi 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Background:
Compelling evidence has yet to be published regarding the positive effect of psychoeducational interventions (PEIs) on psychological distress in patients with breast cancer. The impact of PEIs on self-efficacy, resilience, and quality of life is also unclear.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a PEI on anxiety, depression, disease-specific care knowledge, self-efficacy, resilience and quality of life in patients with breast cancer during and after chemotherapy. The intervention was administered before and during five rounds of chemotherapy treatment.

Methods:
A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Patients with breast cancer (N = 40) were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group participated in PEI, a brief and highly structured program consisting of two parts: (a) an educational manual that addressed depression, anxiety, disease-specific care knowledge, self-efficacy, and resilience and (b) a self-assessment of learning. The control group received only traditional pamphlet education. Data were collected at four time points: before the first chemotherapy session (T1), during the third chemotherapy session (T2), during the fifth chemotherapy session (T3), and at 2 weeks after the final chemotherapy session (T4).

Results:
Anxiety, depression, resilience, and quality of life in the experimental group showed significant differences at T4. Significant differences became apparent at T2 for knowledge and at T3 for self-efficacy. The effects of knowledge, resilience, and quality of life remained significant when group and time interactions were included in the model, showing a positive relationship between PEI and the variables of knowledge, resilience, and quality of life.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
Face-to-face PEI for patients with breast cancer is potentially effective in improving knowledge, resilience, and quality of life during and after chemotherapy. In the current study, PEI significantly improved disease care techniques, reduced chemotherapy-related discomfort, and improved quality of life for participants in the experimental group.