bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preovulatory Overripeness of the Egg in the Human Subject
Authors: Jongbloet P. H. , Zwets J. H. J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAnomalies of conception which endanger the ensuing pregnancy have been reviewed. The range of possible consequences include “occult” and early spontaneous abortions, a wide spectrum of chromosome defects, developmental anomalies, such as those of the brain (with a wide range of neuro‐psychopathology as a consequence) and possibly some other abnormalities of gestation. Pathology either of the pregnancy or of the products of conceptions caused by preovulatory overripeness ovopathy may be expected from conceptions that occur at times of changing endocrine patterns, reflected clinically in a transition from anovulation and vice versa. One can anticipate finding this conceptopathology reflected epidemiologically in a U‐shaped curve in relation to the reproductive age of the mother, in another U‐shaped curve relevant to the duration of the conception interval, and finally in a 4‐peaked birth curve related to seasonal variations of the ovulatory patterns.
The Use of Tranexamic Acid (AMCA) in lUDs as an Anti‐bleeding Agent
Authors: Ragab M. I. , Thomas M. N. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTMenstrual blood loss was evaluated in 200 women receiving a U‐coil intrauterine contraceptive device loaded with the antifibrinolytic, tranexamic acid (AMCA). The IUDs were inserted in patients at Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, in May 1974; the women were followed up for 6 months. The AMCA‐loaded U‐coil has a core containing 38 mg of crystalline tranexamic acid loaded with a silastic tube 52 mm in length with an inside–outside diameter of 1.57–2.41 mm. The daily release rate of tranexamic acid was determined to be 4.3 μg with an initial high release of 29.0 μg. This group of women was compared to a similar group previously fitted with a copper loaded U‐coil. There were no pregnancies reported in either group, and expulsions were minimal. The 6‐month removal rates for the tranexamic acid U‐coil group was 1.1 per 100 acceptors. The corresponding figure for the copper comparison group was 9.9 per 100 acceptors. Reports of heavy menstrual bleeding were more prevalent at the one‐ and 3‐month follow‐ups for the copper U‐coil acceptors than for those using the AMCA loaded U‐coil. There were no apparent differences at the 6‐month follow‐up. The demonstrated capacity of tranexamic acid to reduce menstrual blood loss based on perceptual reports suggests that this agent can be valuable in increasing the acceptability and safety of intrauterine devices.
Sickle Cell Disease and Sickle Cell Trait among Subfertile Women in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Ajabor L. N. , Ezimokhai M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe electrophoretic patterns of haemoglobin were investigated in order to determine the distribution of sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait among 80 subfertile women in Benin City. Nigeria. Sickle cell trait was present in 25%, normal haemoglobin genotype in 73.75%, and sickle cell anaemia in 1.25%. No patient had sickle cell haemoglobin C disease or variants thereof. Observations on the influence of sickle cell trait in relation to foetal wastage in the same group of women are made and the literature reviewed. While the average parity, and the incidence of spontaneous abortions and stillbirths amongst women with haemoglobin AA and haemoglobin A/S in this study were comparable but significantly lower than the general obstetric patients in Benin, the percentage of neonatal deaths on the other hand was significantly higher in women with the sickle cell trait, due to intrapartum asphyxia. Factors which contributed to reduced fertility in the study groups are discussed.
Plasma Hormone Profile of Threatened Abortion and Its Prognosis
Authors: Miyakawa Isao , Ikeda Isao , Maeyama Masao 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTHormone levels in patients with threatened abortion were compared with those of women with normal pregnancies to determine the relationship between these hormone patterns and patient prognoses. Plasma progesterone, plasma unconjugated estradiol‐17β (estradiol), and plasma human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) were measured serially in 27 patients with threatened abortion. Twelve of these patients were able to continue their pregnancies, and 15 patients aborted. Of the 3 indices tested, 2 (plasma estradiol and HCS levels) showed marked differences in women who were able to continue their pregnancies and women whose pregnancies ended in abortions; moreover, these findings indicated that these 2 levels could be used as indices for the evaluation of a pregnant patient's prognosis.
Interruption of First Trimester Pregnancy by Prostaglandins
Authors: Bygdeman M. , Green K. , Lundström V. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTVacuum aspiration is today's most used method for pregnancy termination before 13 weeks of gestation. Under certain circumstances, the administration of prostaglandins may offer clinically important advantages. Intrauterine administration of primary prostaglandins (PGE2 or PGF2α) or their analogues, or vaginal administration of 15‐(S)‐15 methyl PGF2α methyl ester or of 16,16 dimethyl PGE2 are effective for terminating early first trimester pregnancy (up to 3 weeks following the first missed menstrual period). Compared to the vacuum aspiration procedure, the frequency of complete abortion is the same for prostaglandins administration, but the time to complete the procedure, duration of bleeding and frequency of gastrointestinal side effects are superior for vacuum aspiration. Since intrauterine administration technically resembles vacuum aspiration, it appears that it offers no major clinical advantages over vacuum aspiration. If the vaginal route is used, the simplicity of the method, which allows for self‐administration on an outpatient basis, is for some patients more important than the advantages of the surgical prcedure. In addition, administration of prostaglandins to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical dilatation is a clinically valuable method, especially in primigravid patients.
I. Benign Hydatidiform Mole in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunbode O. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA study was conducted to analyze 61 patients with benign hydatidiform mole (HM) who were admitted to the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria, during a 5‐year period. The hospital incidence of HM was 1:205 pregnancies, and the condition was seen most commonly in young women, probably because early marriage is customary in our culture. Management of the condition generally was conservative because of the patients' youth. There was no correlation between HM and parity. Vaginal secondaries due to an embolic phenomenon were detected in 5% of the patients. Subsequent pregnancies followed within 6 months of treatment because the majority of the patients failed to heed medical advice to delay pregnancy for 2 years. No diagnostic problems were encountered in the patients who became pregnant during the follow‐up period.
III. High Frequency of Hydatidiform Mole in Native Alaskans
Authors: Martin Peter M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe frequency of hydatidiform mole per delivery in the native Alaskan for fiscal years 1969 through 1974 was 1:257. Nutritional studies do not support the suggestion of protein deficiency as an etiologic factor. It is suggested that genetic factors may be involved.
Metronidazole Treatment in Pregnancy
Authors: Morgan Isabel 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTVaginal trichomoniasis was treated with standard courses of oral metronidazole in 597 pregnant women. In 283 other pregnant women, the infection remained untreated. The incidences of low‐birth‐weight infants, stillbirths and congenital abnormalities were not affected by metronidazole treatment of trichomoniasis in pregnancy.
Variable Range Directional Doppler and Abdominal ECG for FHR Monitoring
Authors: Lauersen Niels H. , Hochberg Howard M. , George Michael E. D. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAntepartum nonstress fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring may become a valuable screening tool for all pregnancies. Two methods proposed for an antepartum FHR monitor are examined: abdominal electrocardiogram (AECG) and variable range directional Doppler (RDD). A good quality (detailed, clearcut baseline) RDD FHR record was obtained in 74/75 (99%) examinations, and a good quality AECG record was obtained in 31/75 (41%). Each patient was monitored in the supine, lateral and sitting positions. Considering all positions, 76% of the RDD records and 19% of the AECG records were good. The RDD system was efficacious for routine, clinical antepartum FHR monitoring, but the performance of the AECG was too limited for this purpose.
Surgical Closure of the Incompetent Cervix: 15 Years' Experience
Authors: Ritter H. A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the author's experience, over a 15‐year period, with 33 patients who demonstrated cervical incompetence and who were treated by surgical procedures. The surgical approach is unique in that the band is placed under direct vision above the uterosacral ligaments and through the cardinal ligaments. Slippage of the band, with resultant loss of pregnancy, is most unlikely. Fifty‐three pregnancies occurred in this group. Each patient treated by the described technique produced one or more living children. Complications which occurred in the group are also discussed.
The Midwife as a Counselor on Nutrition
Authors: Uprichard M. E. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAmid divided opinion among professionals about the effect of nutrition on the outcome of pregnancy, one indisputable fact which emerges is that a good diet is essential during pregnancy and lactation. The role of the midwife in counseling and educating pregnant women on their own and their babies' nutritional needs is discussed.
Adenocystic Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Clinicopathologic Study
Authors: Gupta Saroj , Gupta I. M. , Sanyal B. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTEight cases of adenocystic carcinoma of the uterine cervix, a rare histologic variant, are presented, with a brief review of 41 cases previously reported in the literature. They represent only 0.27% of 3254 cervical carcinomas that we encountered between 1962 and 1977. In all eight cases, there was early parametrial involvement, and the majority behaved aggressively. All eight patients were multiparas, and six of them were postmenopausal. Interestingly, including this series, 15 of 49 reported cases of this entity have been from India.
The Effect of Oral Thyrotropin‐Releasing Hormone on Thyroid Function and the Composition of Breast Milk in Puerperal Women
Authors: Kivinen Seppo , Ylikorkala Olavi , Kauppila Antti , Timonen Eija , Haapalahti Jouko 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTTo determine the effect of oral administration of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) on the thyroid function and on the composition of breast milk in the early puerperium, six lactating women were treated with a single dose of 40 mg of synthetic TRH and six women were treated with placebo. Serial serum samples taken before and between one and 25 hours after TRH administration were assayed with specific radioimmunoassays for thyrotropin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and total thyroxine (T4). Milk samples were collected three times a day and their major fatty acids were determined by gas‐liquid chromatography and were compared with those obtained from normal lactating women. A statistically significant TSH elevation was observed between one and six hours after TRH administration, with a peak value of 23.7 ± 10.6 mU/liter at three hours. The T3 concentration rose between three and nine hours after TRH administration, with a peak of 6.3 ± 1.2 nmole/liter at six hours. The T4 elevation was statistically significant between six and 12 hours after TRH administration. The fatty acid content of milk samples from women treated with TRH did not differ from the normal series. A single daily dose of oral TRH thus caused a temporary thyroid stimulation. It is doubtful whether this could lead to hyperthyroidism since the levels of thyroid hormones became normal within ten hours after TRH administration.
Bowel Injury in Septic Abortion: The Need for More Aggressive Management
Authors: Megafu Uche 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAn analysis of bowel injury in cases of septic abortion treated over a six‐year period at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital at Enugu is presented. Seventy‐three percent (11/15) of the patients who underwent laparotomy had concomitant injury to the bowels. Overall, 16.4% of the 67 patients with septic abortion had intestinal injuries (this does not include the patients who died as a result of fulminating peritonitis before surgery could be performed). The survival of those patients with intestinal injuries was very much dependent on the operative procedures adopted. When a dysfunctioning colostomy was raised, the mortality was nil. In patients who had simple closure of the perforation and in those who had primary resection and anastomosis, mortality was 66.6%. The importance of performing laparotomy much sooner than usual is discussed.
Paradoxical Effect of Flavoxate on Human Uterine Contractility in Vivo
Authors: Coutinho E. M. , Darzé E. , Gesteira S. Kalil 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFlavoxate's effect on uterine contractility was investigated in 20 women with histories of primary dysmenorrhea. After 100 mg of the smooth muscle relaxant was injected intravenously, intrauterine pressure was recorded continuously for 1‐2 hours. Immediately after the injection, intrauterine pressure and the frequency of contractions increased for 5‐15 minutes at all phases of the menstrual cycle. After the activating response, there was a reduction in both the frequency of contractions and uterine tonus below preinjection levels in some patients. The paradoxical effect of flavoxate on uterine motility may be caused by its relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, which results in increased blood flow and, consequently, increased oxygen supply to the myometrium.
The Relationship Between Hematocrit Levels in Gravidae and Their Newborn
Authors: Ogunbode O. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe changes in hematocrit levels during pregnancy in 90 Nigerian women, both anemic and nonanemic, were studied. The maternal levels at term were compared to the hematocrit levels of their newborns. The anemic patients received 200 mg of ferrous sulfate three times daily throughout pregnancy. Generally, the hematocrit level either decreased slightly or remained unchanged during the first half of pregnancy, with or without iron supplements. The decrease was, however, more noticeable in the nonanemic patients. Babies delivered by patients who remained anemic at term had hematocrit levels that were actually in the upper limits of the normally acceptable range.
Ovarian Production of Estrogens in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Grönroos M. , Klemi P. , Salmi T. , Rauramo L. , Punnonen R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTWe investigated the possible secretory capacity of the ovaries of 79 postmenopausal women with and without endometrial carcinoma using chemical, enzymehistochemical and ultrastructural methods. The mean serum levels of estrone, estradiol and total estrogens were higher in ovarian effluent blood than the corresponding values in cubital venous blood. There was a positive correlation between the difference of total estrogens in ovarian and cubital vein sera and, on the other hand, enzymehistochemical and ultrastructural findings in ovarian tissue. No statistical differences were found in the peripheral mean values of estrone and total estrogens between the two groups. The mean level of estradiol, however, seemed to be higher and that of estriol lower in the carcinoma patients than in the control groups.
False‐Positive Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests for Pregnancy with Tubo‐ovarian Abscess
Authors: Jacobson Edward , Rothe Desider 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA 21% incidence of false‐positive hemagglutination inhibition tests for pregnancy associated with tubo‐ovarian abscess is described. Five illustrated cases and the causes for such false‐positive reactions are discussed. Substances generated by pelvic inflammatory masses may interfere with immunologic assays for pregnancy, resulting in misdiagnosis or inappropriate management.
Intravaginal Administration of Conjugated Estrogens in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Furuhjelm Mirjam , Karlgren Erva , Carlström Kjell 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTDaily doses of 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogens were administered intravaginally for 14 days to 12 postmenopausal women (six with highly atrophic and six with slightly atrophic vaginal mucosa), resulting in vaginal mucosae similar to those found in premenopausal women in all 12 subjects. In a second experiment, serum estrogens, folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined before and hourly for six hours after a single intravaginal dose of 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogens was given to five postmenopausal women and to five premenopausal women on cycle days 6‐8. Serum levels of unconjugated immunoreactive estrogens and total estrone increased rapidly in four of five postmenopausal women. Luteal phase values were found after only two hours, but there were no effects on serum FSH and LH. One of the postmenopausal women, who had an unatrophied vaginal mucosa, showed a considerable lower resorption of estrogens. There were no significant changes in the serum estrogen levels of the premenopausal women. Thus, we conclude that daily vaginal administration of 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogens for 14 days is sufficient to restore an atrophic vaginal mucosa to a premenopausal condition. Furthermore, the condition of the vaginal mucosa seems to influence the resorption, thus indicating an inbuilt mechanism of protection against overdosage of intravaginally applied estrogens.
Reduction of Menstrual Blood Loss by Naproxen in Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Users
Authors: Davies A. J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTEleven patients with objective evidence of menorrhagia (>80 ml menstrual blood loss for two cycles) while fitted with an IUD were treated during three consecutive menstruations with the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor naproxen. Menstrual blood loss was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) from a pretreatment value of 131 ± 12 ml to 88 ± 9 ml on naproxen therapy. In the cycle following naproxen therapy, menstrual blood loss returned to the pretreatment level of 129 ± 10 ml. Continued IUD usage was made more acceptable by naproxen therapy.
Postoperative Pleural Effusion Caused by Dextran
Authors: Adoni A. , Adatto‐Levy R. , Mogle P. , Palti Z. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTDextran is widely used in order to prevent intraperitoneal adhesions during pelvic surgery. Of 25 women who underwent laparotomy and in whom dextran was instilled intra‐peritoneally, almost half developed pleural effusions. These were generally mild and required no treatment. None of a control group of 20 women developed a pleural effusion. The mechanism of this type of effusion is discussed.
LH‐RH Agonists and Antagonists
Authors: Schally Andrew V. , Coy David H. , Arimura Akira 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTLarge doses of stimulatory analogues of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LH‐RH) caused paradoxical anti‐fertility effects. These effects are being utilized for the possible development of contraceptive methods. Several inhibitory analogues of LH‐RH have been tested in men and women and shown to be active. The synthetic approach based on inhibitory analogues of LH‐RH has been proven to be feasible for development of new methods of birth control. Continued research and testing along these lines may lead to the development of contraceptives based on inhibitory analogues of LH‐RH that could be conveniently applied as a nasal spray and that could be free of undesirable side effects.
Severe Infection Following Pudendal Anesthesia
Authors: Qvigstad Erik , Jerve Fridtjof 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA case of severe infection following pudendal anesthesia is presented. The probable spread of the infection to the subgluteal space and the complications are discussed. Musculoskeletal symptoms arising in the hip area and the pelvis during the early postpartum period pose a challenging diagnostic problem. When these symptoms are accompanied by fever and pain, the possibility of a severe infection with possible abscess in the subgluteal or retropsoas space must be considered. The treatment consists of prompt surgical drainage and appropriate antibiotics.
Preconceptional Selection of Fetal Sex
Authors: Stolkowski Joseph , Lorrain Jacques 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBackground information is given on postconceptional and preconceptional methods of selecting fetal sex. Among the preconceptional methods presented are treatment of the sperm to isolate either the X or the Y chromosome, timing of insemination and the effect of ionic concentrations in the woman's body as controlled by the dietary intake of minerals. The authors studied 281 couples, 21 of whom were later excluded, who adhered to a diet specific in its amounts of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. This dietary method of preconceptional selection of fetal sex resulted in the anticipated outcome in about 80% of the cases.
Relationship of Zinc and Copper Concentrations in Maternal and Cord Blood and Birth Weight
Authors: Atinmo T. , Mbofung C. , Osinusi B. O. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTTwenty and 30 Nigerian women who delivered infants weighing 1500 gm‐2500 gm and more than 2500 gm, respectively, were studied. Cord and maternal blood samples collected at delivery were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for zinc and copper content. The mean plasma zinc in maternal and cord blood was significantly lower and the mean plasma copper was significantly higher in the low‐birth‐weight group than in the control group. The zinc level in cord blood was higher than that in maternal blood in both groups. However, the copper level in both groups was lower in cord than in maternal blood.
Monetary Policy and Asset Prices: A Markov‐Switching DSGE Approach
Authors: Hur Joonyoung 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis paper estimates a Markov‐switching dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model by incorporating stock prices in monetary policy rules in order to identify the Federal Reserve's stance toward them. Based on the data from 1984:Q1 to 2009:Q2, I find that historical evidence of the policy reaction toward stock prices is weak except for the stock market bubble of the 1990s. A counterfactual exercise shows that the rapid growth in stock prices during that period would have been significantly higher if monetary policy had been independent of the stock market. However, unconditional macroeconomic volatility increases with the degree of policy responsiveness toward stock prices. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.