bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERAN PENYULUH DALAM AGRIBISNIS PERIKANAN AIR PAYAU DI KABUPATEN BANGKALAN MADURA
Authors: Fikri Hurrul , Subekti Sri , Sofia Sofia 
Published: December 2017

Vaname household agri-fishery (RTVE) is a vaname shrimp farming activity undertaken in pool tarps. One of shrimp farmers, who are successful in this business and are now being self-help instructors in collaboration with the government owned fishing instructors to promote these activities, are the shrimp farmers in Kwanyar Sub-district of Bangkalan. This research was aimed to explain : (1) the implementation of extension practices in Vaname Fisheries, (2) the role of extension agents, and (3) the problems during extension practices. This research used qualitative method by using the data analysis model proposed by Miles and Huberman. The results shows : (1) There are differences on extension implementation between PNS and self-help-instructor agents. Equipments, evaluation system, and extension methods are the different aspects of extension implementation. (2) the PNS agents have an optimal role as an instructor and analyst. However, the self-help instructor has an optimal role as instrutor, facilitator, motivator, advisor, surveyor and organizer. (3) the obstacle and problems which were faced by PNS and self-help-instructor are also different. PNS extension agents have much problems in technical terms such as distance, time, facility, extension agents and knowledge problems. Otherwise, self-help-instrucor faced problems especially in human error and outside interventionKeywords: Instructors, Shrimp farmers, Vaname household agri-fishery (RTVE)
ANALISIS RISIKO PENDAPATAN PADA USAHATANI PADI ORGANIK DI DESA LOMBOK KULON KECAMATAN WONOSARI KABUPATEN BONDOWOSO
Authors: Asbullah Ma'ruf , Hapsari Triana Dewi , Sudarko Sudarko 
Published: December 2017

Organic farming has become one of risky farming systems, because its yield could be lower than anorganic farming. Moreover, low yield can lead to a suffer in financial loss on organic farming. This might be caused by the changing in input usage when farmers changed their farming system from anorganic to organic farming. The research was aimed to determine : 1) income’s risk of organic farming by different cropping seasons. 2)income’s risk of organic farming based on its harvested area. The research was designed as descriptive and analytical research. The sampling farmers were selected by using proportioned stratified random sampling, Structural interview and documentational techniques were employed to gain informations about income’s risk in organic farming. Coefficient Variances was employed as primary analytical tool in this research. The result showed that : (1) risk in organic farming can be higher as long as it was applied by farmers. This result was concluded based on Coefficient Variance in farmer’s group both in Mandiri I which has 45,54% and Mandiri IB which has 41,34%. (2) according to Coeffient Variance Analysis, risk in organic farming can be lower if farmers have few harversted area. The Coeffient Variance for each categories in harvested area were : narrow harvested area (47,53%); medium harvested area (34,61%) and large harvested area (24,45%).

Keywords: Organic Rice, Income, Risk
The Diagnosis of Acute Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Duckworth Andrew D. , McQueen Margaret M. 
Published: December 2017

* Delay in the diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome can have severe and potentially disastrous outcomes for the patient.* Factors associated with a delayed diagnosis are lack of experience of medical personnel, regional or general anesthesia, polytrauma cases, injuries to the soft tissue, and the use of clinical signs alone when making the diagnosis.* Youth has been identified as the key risk factor associated with confirmed cases of acute compartment syndrome, and over two-thirds of cases are associated with an underlying fracture.* Although pain is characteristically the index sign associated with the development of acute compartment syndrome, clinical findings in isolation have been proven to have inadequate diagnostic performance characteristics, with sensitivity ranging from 13% to 54%.* Intracompartmental pressure monitoring is recommended for patients at risk, given the documented high estimated sensitivity (94%) and specificity (98%) for the diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome when using a slit catheter technique and a differential pressure threshold of 30 mmHg for >2 hours.
ANALISIS PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NO. 68/PUU/XII/2014 KAITANNYA DENGAN NIKAH BEDA AGAMA MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Islamiyati Islamiyati 
Published: December 2017

<p class="IABSSS">Background research originated from the Constitutional Court decision No. 68/PUU / XII /2014 rejected the application for judicial review of material (judicial review) Article 2 Paragraph (1) of the Constitution NRI UUP 1945. The goal is to analyze the legal considerations of the decision of the judge of the Constitutional Court No. 68/PUU/XII/2014 and its legal consequences. The judge rejected the applicant because it contradicts the principle of the Godhead, moral values, culture and principles of marriage law in Indonesia. The existence of Islamic law can be reestablished by the interpretation of Article 2 Paragraph (1) UUP properly and constitutionally. The role of the Constitutional Court decision has correlate between religion and state laws are harmonized, and can enforce Islamic law which is based on <em>maqāṣid al-sharī’ah</em>.</p><p class="IABSSS">[]</p><p class="IABSSS">Latar belakang penelitian berawal dari putusan MK No. 68/PUU/XII/2014 yang menolak permohonan uji materiil (<em>judicial review</em>) Pasal 2 Ayat (1) UUP terhadap UUD<del cite="mailto:user" datetime="2017-10-30T12:53"> </del>1945. Tujuannya untuk menganalisis pertimbangan hukum putusan hakim MK No. 68/PUU/XII/2014 dan akibat hukumnya. Hakim menolak permohonan pemohon karena bertentangan dengan prinsip Ketuhanan, nilai moral, budaya dan prinsip hukum perkawinan di Indonesia. Eksistensi hukum Islam dapat ditegakkan kembali oleh penafsiran Pasal 2 Ayat (1) UUP secara benar dan konstitusional. Peran putusan MK telah mengkorelasikan antara hukum agama dan negara yang harmonis, serta dapat menegakkan hukum Islam yang berpijak pada <em>maqāṣid al-sharī’ah</em>.</p>
Applications of ultrasound imaging system for measuring water-sand parameters during sediment transport process in hydraulic model experiments
Authors: Zou Xianjian , Wang Chuanying , Song Huan , Han Zengqiang , Ma Zhimin , Hu Weinbin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Moving particles and the topographic bed under muddy water or in sediment-laden flow are often clouded by suspended sediments, making it hard to detect or analyze for visualization. This paper concerns applications of ultrasound imaging measurement method for the visual measurement of related water-sand parameters during sediment transport process in hydraulic model experiments. We use a B-mode ultrasound imaging system to measure the related parameters of suspended sediment concentration (SSC), underwater topographic riverbed, flow velocity and sediment incipient motion, conducted at a water channel. A comprehensive measuring system for the visualization of multiple water-sand parameters is established. Results show that the measurement and analysis of SSC and its space distribution, topography bedform, flow velocity and flow field, and sediment incipient velocity can be realized. Ultrasound imaging measurements of SSC and their space distribution can be shown in real time, and also dynamic monitoring and analysis of sediment incipient motion and topography bedform during the sediment transport process. This method realizes the experimental visualization of the topographic bed and sediment-laden flow. Application of an ultrasound imaging measurement system has promoted the development of sediment movement law research and related hydraulic model experiment measurement technique.
The effect of sodium thiosulfate dechlorination on fecal indicator bacteria enumeration: laboratory and field data
Authors: Murray Anna L. , Kumpel Emily , Peletz Rachel , Khush Ranjiv S. , Lantagne Daniele S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In microbiological water quality testing, sample dechlorination with sodium thiosulfate is recommended to ensure that results accurately reflect the water quality at sample collection. Nevertheless, monitoring institutions in low-resource settings do not always dechlorinate samples, and there is limited research describing how this practice impacts drinking water quality results. The effect of dechlorination on indicator bacteria counts was evaluated by spiking laboratory water with five Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations (104–108 CFU/100 mL), chlorinating at six doses (0–0.6 mg/L), holding samples with and without sodium thiosulfate for 5–7 hours, and enumerating E. coli by membrane filtration with m-lauryl sulfate media. Additionally, sub-Saharan African water suppliers enumerated thermotolerant coliform by membrane filtration in paired chlorinated water samples collected with and without sodium thiosulfate. Across all E. coli and chlorine doses in the laboratory, and all field tests, samples held without sodium thiosulfate had lower bacteria counts (p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, chlorinated water supply samples held without sodium thiosulfate had an 87.5% false negative rate. Results indicate the importance of dechlorinating microbiological water quality samples, discarding data from chlorinated samples collected without dechlorination, and reinforcing dechlorination recommendations in resource-limited environments to improve water safety management.
Season matters when sampling streams for swine CAFO waste pollution impacts
Authors: Mallin Michael A. , McIver Matthew R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Concentrated (or confined) animal feed operations (CAFOs) are the principal means of livestock production in the United States, and such facilities pollute nearby waterways because of their waste management practices; CAFO waste is pumped from the confinement structure into a cesspit and sprayed on a field. Stocking Head Creek is located in eastern North Carolina, a state with &gt;9,000,000 head of swine confined in CAFOs. This watershed contains 40 swine CAFOs; stream water quality was investigated at seven sites during 2016, with five sampling dates in early spring and five in summer. Geometric mean fecal coliform counts were in the thousands/100 mL at five sites in spring and all seven sites in summer. Excessive nitrate pollution was widespread with concentrations up to &gt;11.0 mg N/L. Seasonality played an important role in pollutant concentrations. In North Carolina, spraying animal waste on adjoining fields is permissible from March 1 through September 30. Seasonal data showed significantly higher (p &lt; 0.01) concentrations of conductivity, nitrate, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, and fecal bacteria in summer as opposed to early spring. Thus, sampling performed only in winter–early spring would significantly underestimate impacts from swine CAFO spray fields on nearby waterways.
Postmenopausal Health of Indian Women: A Review
Authors: Ghosh Debosree , Singha Partha Sarathi , Parida Pratap 
Published: December 2017

Background:
The phenomenon of natural and spontaneous cessation of menstruation in
women is termed as menopause. The phase after menopause is called post menopause. Women
encounter enormous changes in various physiological factors during and after menopause.

Objective:
Objectives of this article are to brief the various issues associated with health ailments in
postmenopausal Indian women, to address the various factors unique to Indian women involved in the
postmenopausal health issues, to discuss the differences in socioeconomic, nutritional and health
status between Indian women from rural regions and those from urban regions and to discuss possible
precautionary measures against the postmenopausal health issues. Prime methodology followed in
composing the present review article is based on understanding the present scenario regarding the
health status of postmenopausal Indian women by considering the various literature and statistics
available on the topic.

Results:
The changes those occur in a woman’s body following menopause are deteriorative, and lead
to several health issues. Though some of the health issues including amenorrhea, night sweats,
frequent mood swings, cramp pains etc. which a woman experiences during the onset of menopause
gradually decrease as her postmenopausal days progress, yet some new detrimental gradual changes
occur in her physiological system during the postmenopausal periods.

Conclusion:
Proper diet, improved lifestyle, self-care, slightest basic precautions and medical aids can
help to minimise the ailments which worsen the life of a postmenopausal woman. Awareness and care
for postmenopausal Indian women are extremely necessary for providing better life, improved health
status and enhanced longevity to them (the mothers) leading to a healthy and developing society.
Prodrugs of NSAIDs: A Review
Authors: Shah Kamal , Gupta Jeetendra K. , Chauhan Nagendra S. , Upmanyu Neeraj , Shrivastava Sushant K. , Mishra Pradeep 
Published: December 2017

Intoroduction:Prodrug approach deals with chemical biotransformation or enzymatic conversion or involves inactive or less active bio-reversible derivatives of active drug molecules. They have to pass through enzymatic or chemical biotransformation before eliciting their pharmacological action.Methods & Materials:The two different pharmacophores combine to give synergistic activity or may help in targeting the active drug to its target. Prodrug super seeds the problems of prodrug designing, for example solubility enhancement, bioavailability enhancement, chemical stability improvement, presystemic metabolism, site specific delivery, toxicity masking, improving patient acceptance, or eradicating undesirable adverse effects.Results:As an outcome the search for a prodrug or mutual prodrug with reduced toxicity has continued during recent years. This present review emphasizes the common help to revamp physiochemical, pharmaceutical and therapeutic effectiveness of drugs.Conclusion:This gives the researcher a common platform where they can find prodrugs of commonly used NSAIDs to overcome the gastrointestinal toxicity (irritation, ulcergenocity and bleeding).
Protective Effect of Anti-Phosphatidylserine Antibody in a Guinea Pig Model of Advanced Hemorrhagic Arenavirus Infection
Authors: Thomas John M. , Thorpe Philip E. 
Published: December 2017

Objective:Host derived markers on virally infected cells or virions may provide targets for the generation of antiviral agents. Recently, we identified phosphatidylserine (PS) as a host marker of virions and virally-infected cells.Methods and Materials:Under normal physiological conditions, PS is maintained on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane facing the cytosol. Following viral infection, activation or pre-apoptotic changes cause PS to become externalized. We have previously shown that bavituximab, a chimeric human-mouse antibody that binds PS complexed with β2-glycoprotein I (β2GP1), protected rodents against lethal Pichinde virus and cytomegalovirus infections.Results:Here, we determined the antiviral activity of a fully human monoclonal antibody, PGN632, that directly binds to PS. Treatment with PGN632 protected 20% of guinea pigs with advanced infections of the hemorrhagic arenavirus, Pichinde, from death. Combining PGN632 with ribavirin improved the antiviral activity of both agents, such that the combination rescued 50% of animals from death.Conclusion:The major mechanisms of action of PGN632 appear to be opsonization of virus and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of virally-infected cells. PS-targeting agents may have utility in the treatment of viral diseases.
Implications of Metal Nanoparticles on Aquatic Fauna: A Review
Authors: Kumari Kamlesh , Singh Prashant , Bauddh Kuldeep , Sweta  , Mallick Sadhucharan , Chandra Ramesh 
Published: December 2017

Introduction:Nanomaterials are attractive because of these exhibits catalytic activity, optical, magnetic, electrically conducting properties and biological activities. Besides the potential economic values, the benefits offered by nanomaterials are expected to have significant impacts on almost all sectors of our society. The industries are releasing the nanoparticles into nearby water bodies like ponds, rivers, which causes toxicity to aquatic flora as well as fauna. Nanoparticles, especially which are prepared using heavy metals being toxic to organisms, ranging from phytoplankton (at the bottom of the food chain) to marine invertebrates such as oysters, snails and different types of fish, especially in their immature stages. Many species of fish and shellfish disrupts the ecosystem health on exposure to metals nanoparticles. Albeit, the academicians and researchers are trying to understand the toxicity of metal nanoparticles, particularly with respect to cascade pathways that lead to inflammatory responses, there is need to prepare and urgent implement laws to manage potential risks of nanomaterials which might become a major catastrophe in coming future.Conclusion:In the present review, the emphasis has given on the synthesis, characterization and toxic effects of metal nanoparticles on aquatic fauna and also the future tremendous prospects of these toxicants.
Growth and yield of an eucalyptus subtropical plantation in a Northeastern Mexico degraded land soil
Authors: Foroughbakhch Pournavab Rahim , Carrillo Parra Artemio , Hernández Piñero Jorge Luis , Guzmán Lucio Marco Antonio 
Published: December 2017

Over the past three decades, woody species potentially useful for reforestation, fuelwood, coal and timber production have been over-exploited along the Gulf of Mexico, which has led to a gradual decline in the plant population and the progressive degradation of the environment. The present research evaluated the establishment, growth, and production of fuelwood from a plantation of five eucalyptus species planted in randomly arranged plots on a cleared clayey loam alkali soil in a semi-arid region of northeastern Mexico for a 20 year period. Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. tereticornis and E. microtheca showed the highest average height growth rate (1.07 m year-1, 0.93 m year-1 and 0.85 m year-1, respectively). E. camaldulensis showed the highest volume values at 20 years (58.55 m3 ha-1), followed by E. tereticornis (54.15 m3 ha-1) and E. microtheca (51.91 m3 ha-1). E. sideroxylun and E. crebra yielded the lowest tree volumes (35.12 m3 ha-1 and 30.45 m3 ha-1, respectively). The results have shown that the adaptability of eucalyptus species to the climate of the subtropical regions allows their use in combination with the native vegetation to colonize degraded areas offering services in timber and non-timber products to the local population. In addition, the production of exotic trees with large trunk diameter with few side branches may increase the volume of the wood exploited and the income to the owner of the land and, thus, reduce the pressure on the native species.
Structural characterization of the trees of a forest ejido of northwest Mexico
Authors: Graciano Avila Gabriel , Alanís Rodríguez Eduardo , Aguirre Calderón Óscar Alberto , González Tagle Marco Aurelio , Treviño Garza Eduardo Javier , Mora Oliva Arturo 
Published: December 2017

The objective of this study was to characterize the composition and structure of a forest ejido in the state of Durango. To this end, 10 sampling sites of 2500 m2 were established, within which a census was conducted of all tree species. On each individuals measurements of normal diameter (d1,30), total height (h), of crown diameter (dcopa) were made and the species to which each individual belonged was recorded. For each species the index of value importance family (IVIF), index of value importance (IVI), index value forestry were obtained and the total volume calculated. The Shannon (H´) and Margalef indices (DMG) were also calculated. In total 13 species, five genders and five families were recorded. This forest area had a density of 787 ind ha-1, a dominance (basal area) 22,93 m2 ha-1 and a crown cover of 8838 m2 ha-1. Pinus durangensis had the highest value of importance index with 35,69% of IVIrel and the largest value forestry index with 48,96% IVFrel. With all of the above, quantitative elements of the timberline in a heterogeneous forest of the Sierra Madre Occidental were provided.
Predicción de diámetro normal, altura y volumen de Abies religiosa a partir del diámetro del tocón
Authors: García Cuevas Xavier , Hernández Ramos Jonathan , García Magaña J. Jesús , Hernández Ramos Adrián , Herrera Ávila Victorino , González Peralta Alfredo , Garfias Mota Enrique Jonathan 
Published: December 2017

En el control y supervisión del manejo forestal, realizar auditorías en zonas aprovechadas y/o cuantificar cortas clandestinas requiere la estimación del diámetro normal (d), altura total (h) o volumen (v) para caracterizar la masa original y a partir de ella, estimar los volúmenes extraídos. Cuando el árbol ya no existe, no se tiene la medida del diámetro normal (d), pero la estimación del mismo o de otras variables se puede realizar en función del diámetro del tocón (dt). Esta relación alométrica puede utilizarse para calcular los volúmenes faltantes. El objetivo fue ajustar ecuaciones que describan el diámetro normal, altura y volumen como una función del diámetro del tocón de árboles de Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. et Cham., en Tancítaro, Michoacán, México. Se realizó un muestreo en 71 sitios y 1745 pares de datos dt-d, dt-h y d-v; incluyendo todas las categorías diamétricas y de alturas. En SAS 9.0, usando procedimiento Model y el método de máxima verosimilitud, se ajustaron modelos lineales y no lineales para predecir d, h y v. Con base en el nivel de significancia de los parámetros de los modelos, sus estimadores de bondad de ajuste, la prueba la normalidad de los datos, homogeneidad de varianza, autocorrelación de los errores y la capacidad predictiva de los mismos, se puede inferir que estos son válidos para predecir el d, h y v en función del dt. Todos los modelos explican más de 91% de la variabilidad de los datos.
DESIGNING ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE
Authors: Sossin Lorne 
Published: December 2017

This article explores the adaptation of design thinking to administrative justice. The human centred design perspective has been missing from most debates surrounding the design and reform of administrative tribunals in Canada. As a result, the author asserts that the administrative justice system in Canada at all levels of government (federal, provincial, municipal, and Indigenous) is generally fragmented, poorly coordinated, and under-resourced in relation to the needs of its users and has multiple barriers of entry.
This article is divided into two parts. The first part reviews the development of design thinking in the context of legal services and legal organizations. The second part explores the implications of this development for administrative justice, particularly in the context of the establishment of new tribunals. Several examples of tribunal reform are examined from a design thinking perspective. By way of conclusion, the author suggests the criteria that should be applied to evaluate the design of a new administrative tribunal.