bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flipping Quantitative Classes: A Triple Win
Authors: Swart William , Wuensch Karl L. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIn the “flipped” class, students use online materials to learn what is traditionally learned by attending lectures, and class time is used for interactive group learning. A required quantitative business class was taught as a flipped classroom in an attempt to improve student satisfaction in the course and reduce the “transactional distance” (perceived barriers to engaging with the instructor, other students, technology, and course content) and increase satisfaction.Analysis indicated improvements to both transactional distance and student satisfaction in the flipped classroom. Multiple regression analysis quantified the extent of which each transactional distance was a predictor of student satisfaction. The improved satisfaction in the flipped classroom was predicted by the improvement in transactional distances between students, students and the instructor, and students and the instructional technology used in the class.The conclusions from this study suggest that the flipped classroom is a particularly good pedagogical strategy for quantitative classes. It allows the instructor to increase student satisfaction (a win for the students) in a course in which it is usually low without compromising academic standards (a win for the teachers). Finally, increased satisfaction leads to increased retention and hence increased revenues for the institution, which is a win for the administration.
Using Spreadsheet Modeling to Teach Exchange Curves (Optimal Policy Curves) in Inventory Management
Authors: Strakos Joshua K. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTInventory management is widely researched and the topic is taught in business programs across the spectrum of operations and supply chain management. However, the concepts are notoriously difficult for students to practice once they finish school and become managers responsible for inventory control. This article explains the structure and details of an inventory management class module designed to bridge the gap between learning inventory management theory and applying the learning to practice. Through an active learning exercise, groups of logistics management graduate students in two sections of an introductory inventory management class (in‐residence and online) are taught the exchange curve concept, introduced to its use in practice, and given a tool for implementing this learning in a variety of practical scenarios. The exercise is valuable as it is well suited for students with a limited math background because it allows the exchange curve concept to be taught and demonstrated without presenting complicated mathematics. A three‐tiered assessment of the exercise reveals its effectiveness in meeting the goals of providing an engaging and interesting use of learning time and giving the students an in‐depth practical understanding of the exchange curve concept. The exercise is designed to be equally useful for application in an undergraduate class.
Multimodality Imaging to Characterize a Metastatic Cardiac Mass
Authors: Yarlagadda Bharath , Paleti Swathi , Annamalai Senthil Kumar 
Published: January 2016

Mini‐AbstractA 66‐year‐old male with a medical history of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with recurrent metastasis and multiple interventions was found to have a lesion in the heart on positron emission tomography scan. Echocardiography showed a thrombuslike 2 × 2 cm mass attached to the right ventricle side of the septum. Contrast‐enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was obtained to better characterize the mass. It showed a metastatic infiltrative tumor in the septum with a large overlying thrombus protruding into right ventricle. Our case demonstrates the utility of multimodality imaging to characterize an unusual cardiac tumor helping guide management.
Stable isotope evaluation of population‐ and individual‐level diet variability in a large, oligotrophic lake with non‐native lake trout
Authors: Ng Elizabeth L. , Fredericks Jim P. , Quist Michael C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNon‐native piscivores can alter food web dynamics; therefore, evaluating interspecific relationships is vital for conservation and management of ecosystems with introduced fishes. Priest Lake, Idaho, supports a number of introduced species, including lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, brook trout S. fontinalis and opossum shrimp Mysis diluviana. In this study, we used stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) to describe the food web structure of Priest Lake and to test hypotheses about apparent patterns in lake trout growth. We found that isotopic niches of species using pelagic‐origin carbon did not overlap with those using more littoral‐origin carbon. Species using more littoral‐origin carbon, such as brook trout and westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi, exhibited a high degree of isotopic niche overlap and high intrapopulation variability in resource use. Although we hypothesised that lake trout would experience an ontogenetic diet shift, no such patterns were apparent in isotopic signatures. Lake trout growth rates were not associated with patterns in δ15N, indicating that variation in adult body composition may not be related to adult diet. Understanding trophic relationships at both the individual and species levels provides a more complete understanding of food webs altered by non‐native species.
Abnormal movement‐related suppression of sensory evoked potentials in upper limb dystonia
Authors: Macerollo A. , Chen J. C. , Parees I. , Sadnicka A. , Kassavetis P. , Bhatia K. P. , Kilner J. M. , Rothwell J. C. , Edwards M. J. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundGating of sensory evoked potentials (SEPs) around the onset of a voluntary movement is a physiological phenomenon with centripetal and central components, and may reflect sensorimotor integration required for normal movement control.ObjectiveOur objective was the investigation of SEP suppression at the onset of movement and the interaction between SEP suppression and vibration of the limb.MethodsFourteen patients with primary focal/segmental dystonia and 17 age‐matched healthy volunteers were studied. SEPs were elicited after electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist. Electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded over the scalp at three sites according to the International 10–20 System (F3, C3 and P3). SEPs were recorded in four conditions: at rest, at the onset of movement (a self‐paced abduction movement of the right thumb), both in the absence and in the presence of vibration of the limb.ResultsRepeated measures anova revealed that there was a significant main effect of group [F(1, 11.1) = 0.471, P = 0.002]. Post hoc exploration of this effect revealed it to be due to an absence of SEP suppression at movement onset in patients (mean ratio SEP movement onset/rest 1.15 at F3, 1.13 at C3, 1.01 at P3) compared to controls, who had SEP suppression at movement onset (mean ratio SEP movement onset/rest 0.79 at F3, 0.78 at C3, 0.77 at P3). With vibration, SEP suppression reduced in both patients and controls to a similar extent.ConclusionThese results demonstrate abnormal SEP suppression at the onset of movement in patients with primary dystonia, and in addition that vibration of the limb reduces SEP suppression in patients and controls.
Depression in multiple sclerosis: effect of brain derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism and disease perception
Authors: Santoro M. , Nociti V. , De Fino C. , Caprara A. , Giordano R. , Palomba N. P. , Losavio F. , Marra C. , Patanella A. K. , Mirabella M. , Gainotti G. , Quaranta D. 
Published: January 2016

Background and purposeDepression is common amongst subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS), and several investigations have explored different determinants of this condition, including physical disability, psychological and psychosocial factors. The brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism has been associated with depression. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of disease‐related factors, BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and perception of disease on the severity of depression in MS.MethodIn total, 136 MS patients (88 women) were recruited and genotyped for BDNF rs6265 polymorphism at nucleotide 196 (G/A) using ‘high resolution melting’. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Multiple Sclerosis Depression Rating Scale. Perception of health status was assessed using the SF‐36 questionnaire.ResultsA multivariable linear regression model showed that the best predictors of depression were the SF‐36 General health (β = −0.209; P = 0.013), Mental health (β = −0.410; P < 0.001) and Social activity (β = −0.195; P = 0.035) scores; physical disability (assessed by the Extended Disability Status Scale score) was directly correlated to depression severity on univariate analysis, but it was not a relevant predictor of depression on multivariate analysis; other variables directly related to the disease (treatment, annual relapsing rate) and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism were not significantly associated with depression.ConclusionPerception of the health status is the principal predictor of depressive symptoms in our sample. This result supports the hypothesis that the subjective interpretation of the disease's consequences is one of the main factors in determining depression in MS.
Adjustment disorder and risk of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Svensson E. , Farkas D. K. , Gradus J. L. , Lash T. L. , Sørensen H. T. 
Published: January 2016

Background and purposeIt has been postulated that stress is part of the etiological process of Parkinson's disease (PD). The risk of PD was examined in a cohort of patients with adjustment disorders, a diagnosis made in the presence of a severe response to a stressful life event.MethodsUsing Danish medical registries, PD occurrence was examined in a nationwide population‐based cohort of patients with adjustment disorder diagnosed between 1995 and 2011. The standardized incidence ratio of PD was calculated as the ratio of observed to expected cases, stratified by time and potential risk factors, including depression and anxiety.ResultsOur adjustment disorder cohort (67 786 patients) was followed for a median of 8 years (interquartile range 4, 12.6 years). During follow‐up, 119 patients developed PD, versus 64 expected, corresponding to a standardized incidence ratio of 1.84 (95% confidence interval 1.53, 2.20). Consistent results were observed after stratification on potential risk factors, including depression and anxiety.ConclusionAdjustment disorder, a diagnosis made in the presence of severe response to stressful life events, was associated with an increased risk of PD.
Adaptive Sex‐Specific Cognitive Bias in Predation Behaviours of Japanese Pygmy Squid
Authors: Takeshita Fumio , Sato Noriyosi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractErrors in decision‐making in animals can be partially explained by adaptive evolution, and error management theory explains that cognitive biases result from the asymmetric costs of false‐positive and false‐negative errors. Error rates that result from the cognitive bias may differ between sexes. In addition, females are expected to have higher feeding rates than males because of the high energy requirements of gamete production. Thus, females may suffer relatively larger costs from false‐negative errors (i.e. non‐feeding) than males, and female decisions would be biased to reduce these costs if the costs of false‐positive errors are not as high. Females would consequently overestimate their capacity in relation to the probability of predation success. We tested this hypothesis using the Japanese pygmy squid Idiosepius paradoxus. Our results show that size differences between the squid and prey shrimp affected predatory attacks, and that predatory attacks succeeded more often when the predator was relatively larger than the prey. Nevertheless, compared to male predatory attacks, female squid frequently attacked even if their size was relatively small compared to the prey, suggesting that the females overestimated their probability of success. However, if the females failed in the first attack, they subsequently adjusted their attack threshold: squid did not attack again if the prey size was relatively larger. These results suggest a sex‐specific cognitive bias, that is females skewed judgment in decision‐making for the first predation attack, but they also show that squid can modify their threshold to determine whether they should attack in subsequent encounters.
Genome‐wide analyses in neuronal cells reveal that upstream transcription factors regulate lysosomal gene expression
Authors: Yamanaka Tomoyuki , Tosaki Asako , Kurosawa Masaru , Shimogori Tomomi , Hattori Nobutaka , Nukina Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2016

The upstream transcription factors (USFs) USF1 and USF2 are ubiquitously expressed transcription factors that are characterized by a conserved basic helix‐loop‐helix/leucine zipper DNA‐binding domain. They form homo‐ or heterodimers, and recognize E‐box motifs to modulate gene expression. They are known to regulate diverse cellular functions, including the cell cycle, immune responses and glucose/lipid metabolism, but their roles in neuronal cells remain to be clarified. Here, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation of USF1 from mouse brain cortex. Subsequent promoter array analysis (ChIP‐chip) indicated that USF1 exclusively bound to the CACGTG E‐box motifs in the proximal promoter regions. Importantly, functional annotation of the USF1‐binding targets revealed an enrichment of genes related to lysosomal functions. Gene expression array analysis using a neuronal cell line subsequently revealed that knockdown of USFs de‐regulated lysosomal gene expression. Altered expression was validated by quantitative RT‐PCR, supporting the conclusion that USFs regulate lysosomal gene expression. Furthermore, USF knockdown slightly increased LysoTracker Red staining, implying a role for USFs in modulating lysosomal homeostasis. Together, our comprehensive genome‐scale analyses identified lysosomal genes as targets of USFs in neuronal cells, suggesting a potential additional pathway of lysosomal regulation.DatabaseThe data for the gene expression array and ChIP‐chip have been submitted to the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under accession numbers GSE76615 and GSE76616, respectively.
Evaluation of the basic formulations for the cumulative probability of brittle fracture with two different spatial distributions of microcracks
Authors: Lei W.‐S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe random distribution of microcracks in terms of their size, shape, orientation and spatial location has direct impact on the cumulative probability of brittle fracture induced failure, with the effect of spatial distribution being rarely explored. Recently, two weakest link theory‐based formulations for the cumulative probability of brittle fracture induced failure have been proposed for the spatial distribution of microcracks obeying the Poisson postulates and the uniform distribution, respectively. This work compares these two new formulations with the currently commonly adopted one built on the Poisson postulates under both the uniform and the non‐uniform uniaxial loading conditions. It is concluded that under general loading conditions involving non‐uniform stress states, the existing formulation is equivalent to or closely approximate to neither of the two new formulations thus should be discarded, because of its inaccurate derivation. The new formulations are featured with unique symmetry or self‐similarity in their expressions. Their capability in revealing the size effect or the scaling law of failure is highlighted and validated by a set of published uniaxial and biaxial flexural strength data of brittle material.
Ecological clustering within a diverse minnow assemblage according to morphological, dietary and isotopic data
Authors: Burress Edward D. , Holcomb Jordan M. , Armbruster Jonathan W. 
Published: January 2016

Summary

The ecological role of an organism is a complex interaction between many factors, such as morphology, behaviour and physiology, which can act as functional constraints upon how an organism engages with the environment.

We examined the ecological roles, guild structure and ecological convergence among 15 sympatric minnow species (Cyprinidae) in the New River (North Carolina, U.S.A.). Minnows often dominate fish species diversity and biomass in North American streams.

We evaluated the ecological relationships among minnows using popular methods that correspond to different aspects of minnow biology: geometric morphometrics (landmark‐based PCA), gut content analysis and stable isotopes (13C, 15N, 2H). We then tested for clustering (i.e. guilds) and convergence among minnows using these traits.

Important shape variation among species was primarily associated with mouth orientation and caudal peduncle morphology, implicating the importance of trophic and activity patterns. Minnows clustered into five guilds based on body shape. Gut contents revealed three discrete guilds: pelagic‐ and benthic‐oriented invertivory and benthic herbivory. Stable isotopes revealed only two discrete guilds: algivory and invertivory; however, all minnows preferentially assimilated invertebrates.

Minnows thus exhibit dynamic ecologies based largely on utilisation of the benthic–pelagic resource axis.
Is infant body mass index associated with adulthood body composition trajectories? An exploratory analysis
Authors: Johnson W. , Choh A. C. , Lee M. , Towne B. , Czerwinski S. A. , Demerath E. W. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBackgroundInfant body mass index (BMI) is increasingly used as a marker of obesity risk based on its association with young‐adulthood BMI.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to test the association of infant BMI with young‐adulthood fat mass and fat‐free mass, and how this association changes during advancing adulthood.MethodsBody mass index Z‐score at age 9 months was measured in 350 White, non‐Hispanic Fels Longitudinal Study participants. This exposure was entered into multilevel models to test its association with trajectories describing 2665 BMI observations and 1388 observations of fat mass index (FMI, kg m−2) and fat‐free mass index (FFMI, kg m−2) between ages 20 and 60 years.ResultsPartitioning young‐adulthood BMI into its fat and fat‐free components, infant BMI Z‐score was associated with FFMI (β = 0.745; 95% confidence interval = 0.367 to 1.124) but not FMI (0.528; −0.055 to 1.110) at age 20 years. Greater infant BMI Z‐score was associated with slower age‐related increases in all outcomes, such that (looking at 10‐year intervals) only FFMI at age 30 years was related to infant BMI Z‐score (0.338; 0.119, 0.557).ConclusionsFocus on infant BMI reduction for adulthood obesity prevention warrants caution as high infant BMI values are associated with greater lean mass, which is protective against ageing changes.
Management of Periprocedural and Early Pericardial Effusions With Tamponade Following Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation With Uninterrupted Factor Xa Inhibitors: A Case Series
Authors: GIANNI CAROLA , DI BIASE LUIGI , MOHANTY SANGHAMITRA , TRIVEDI CHINTAN , BAI RONG , AL‐AHMAD AMIN , BURKHARDT J. DAVID , GALLINGHOUSE G. JOSEPH , HORTON RODNEY P. , SANCHEZ JAVIER E. , HRANITZKY PATRICK M. , LAKKIREDDY DHANUNJAYA , MANSOUR MOUSSA C. , SANTANGELI PASQUALE , ZADO ERICA S. , MARCHLINSKI FRANCIS E. , BEHEIRY SALWA , HAO STEVEN C. , COUTS LINDA , GIBSON DOUGLAS , NATALE ANDREA 
Published: January 2016

Management of Tamponade Following AF Ablation With FXaIIntroductionBecause of the absence of a dedicated reversal agent, the outcome of pericardial effusion (PE) following procedures performed with uninterrupted apixaban or rivaroxaban is unknown. We report the characteristics of PEs presenting with tamponade in patients undergoing AF ablation with uninterrupted factor Xa inhibition (FXaI) to understand their management and prognosis.Methods and ResultsWe performed a multicenter cross‐sectional survey in 10 centers across the United States. Patient data were obtained by chart review. In all patients the procedure was performed with uninterrupted FXaI. A total of 16 PEs requiring intervention were reported from 5 centers. Two patients were on apixaban 5 mg BD, the remaining on rivaroxaban 20 mg OD. Eleven PEs occurred in the periprocedural setting, and 5 PEs occurred from 1 to 28 days after the procedure. Pericardiocentesis and drainage were performed in all cases. Protamine and 4‐factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F‐PCC) were given in all periprocedural cases. Two patients required surgery: in one case coagulation of the pericardial blood prevented effective drainage, and in the other bleeding was secondary to a steam pop‐induced atrial tear. None of the postprocedural cases required FXaI reversal and the dose of rivaroxaban was temporarily reduced. No fatal outcomes or thromboembolic events were reported.ConclusionPericardiocentesis and drainage with FXaI reversal proved effective in the management of acute PEs with tamponade occurring periprocedurally in patients undergoing AF ablation with uninterrupted FXaI. Early postprocedural effusions can be treated with pericardiocentesis without the need of a reversal agent.
Coefficient of Variation of P‐Wave Duration Is a Novel Atrial Heterogeneity Index to Predict Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation After Catheter Ablation
Authors: NAKATANI YOSUKE , SAKAMOTO TAMOTSU , MIZUMAKI KOICHI , NISHIDA KUNIHIRO , KATAOKA NAOYA , TSUJINO YASUSHI , YAMAGUCHI YOSHIAKI , INOUE HIROSHI 
Published: January 2016

Coefficient of Variation of P‐Wave and AF RecurrenceIntroductionAtrial conduction heterogeneity is associated with progression of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the relationship between P‐wave parameters representing atrial conduction heterogeneity and AF recurrence after catheter ablation (ABL) is still unclear.Methods and ResultsSubjects of the study were 126 consecutive patients with AF (78 paroxysmal and 48 persistent) who had received ABL. Coefficient of variation of P‐wave duration (CV‐PWD) was determined with all 12 surface electrocardiographic leads as an index of atrial conduction heterogeneity. Rates of freedom from AF recurrence were 78% and 77% in patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF, respectively, over a 12‐month follow‐up. CV‐PWD measured before ABL was smaller in AF‐free patients compared with AF‐recurrent patients (0.089 ± 0.019 vs. 0.129 ± 0.042, P < 0.001). CV‐PWD significantly decreased after ABL in AF‐free patients, but did not change in AF‐recurrent patients. CV‐PWD after ABL was also smaller in AF‐free patients compared with AF‐recurrent patients (0.087 ± 0.025 vs. 0.133 ± 0.035, P < 0.001). In receiver operating curve analysis, CV‐PWD before and after ABL achieved area under the curve of 0.829 and 0.854, respectively, for the ability to predict AF recurrence. CV‐PWD correlated positively with left atrial (LA) diameter and negatively with LA appendage flow velocity.ConclusionCV‐PWD is a useful index to predict AF recurrence after ABL for both patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF. ABL may suppress AF by decreasing atrial conduction heterogeneity.