bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arzneimittelanwendung im Kindes- und Erwachsenenalter in Deutschland – Ergebnisse der bundesweiten Interview- und Untersuchungssurveys
Authors: Knopf Hildtraud C. 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
In den bundesweiten Surveys des Robert Koch-Instituts zur Gesundheit von Kindern, Jugendlichen (KiGGS) und Erwachsenen (DEGS1) wird die aktuelle Arzneimittelanwendung in den letzten 7 Tagen vor der Untersuchung durch ein standardisiertes ärztliches Interview erfasst. Etwa die Hälfte der Kinder und Jugendlichen (50,8%) und drei Viertel aller Erwachsenen (74,7%) geben an, in diesem Zeitraum mindestens ein Präparat angewendet zu haben. Die höchsten Anwendungsprävalenzen weisen Kinder im Alter von 0 bis 2 Jahren (74,9%) sowie 70- bis 79-jährige Frauen und Männer (96,3% vs. 94,9%) auf. Im Erwachsenenalter dominieren Arzneimittel zur Behandlung chronisch-degenerativer Erkrankungen, im Kindes- und Jugendalter sind es Präparate, die bei akuten Erkrankungen, Gesundheitsstörungen und zur Prävention eingesetzt werden. Die dargestellten Ergebnisse beschreiben wesentliche Eckpunkte des Arzneimittelgebrauchs repräsentativ für die Wohnbevölkerung in Deutschland.
Pluralisme Agama Menurut Nurcholish Madjid (1939-2005) dalam Konteks Keindonesiaan
Authors: Moko Catur Widiat 
Published: September 2017

Nurcholis Madjid merupakan satu dari bagian tokoh di Indonesia yang fokus pada pluralisme agama. Dalam konteks Indonesia, ada enam agama yang diakui yaitu Islam, Katolik, Protestan, Hindu, Budha, dan Khonghucu. Melihat banyaknya agama di Indonesia, Majdid menyerukan untuk mengakui keberadaannya dan bersikap toleransi. Ada tiga pemikiran Madjid tentang pluralisme agama, yaitu pertama, pluralisme agama adalah sebuah paham yang mengakui keberadaan agama-agama lain dan bersikap dewasa menghadapi keanekaragaman, toleransi dan berlomba-lomba dalam kebaikan. Kedua, bahwa ide pluralisme agama Nurcholish Madjid adalah sebuah prinsip beragama yang mengakui kebebasan beragama, hidup dengan resiko yang akan ditanggung oleh masing-masing pemeluk agama. Dan ketiga, konsep pemikiran Nurcholish Madjid adalah dakwah yang terbuka, dialogis, toleran dan menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai kemanusiaan yang sekaligus menjadi ciri pemikiran Nurcholis Madjid untuk mewujudkan Islam yang hanif dan rahmatan lil alamin.
Hermeneutical Approach For Qur’ânic Exegesis: An Offer From The West
Authors: Sudirman S 
Published: September 2017

<p>This article will present the general description of hermeneutical approach, including historical background and phenomenon in understanding the text as well as the Qur’ân. This article will try to portray hermeneutical approach in interpreting Qur’ân which has been discussed by many scholars. It found that hermeneutical approach is an alternative method to understand Qur’ân or even Hadis. It may give a new spirit in developing Qur’ân in terms of its long-lasting values. Many modern scholars have undoubtedly struggled to show that Qur’ân will be more ‘up-to date’ and compatible with the current issues in modern life if we are open to new approach to it. However, not all scholars agree with this method since they believe that Qur’ân is a sacred book which cannot be approached by whatever Western methods, especially hermeneutics. Even, they condemn that the people apply such a method can be categorized as infidel. <br />---</p><p>Artikel ini akan menyajikan gambaran umum tentang pendekatan hermeneutis, termasuk latar belakang dan fenomena sejarah dalam memahami teks dan juga al-Qur'an. Artikel ini akan mencoba menggambarkan pendekatan hermeneutis dalam menafsirkan al-Qur'an yang telah dibahas oleh banyak ilmuwan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan hermeneutis adalah metode alternatif untuk memahami Al-Qur'an atau bahkan Hadis. Hal ini memberi semangat baru dalam mengembangkan Alquran dalam nilai-nilai yang bertahan lama. Banyak ilmuwan modern berjuang untuk menunjukkan bahwa Alquran akan lebih 'up to date' dan sesuai dengan isu terkini dalam kehidupan modern jika kita terbuka terhadap pendekatan baru terhadapnya. Namun, tidak semua ilmuwan setuju dengan metode ini karena mereka percaya bahwa Alquran adalah kitab suci yang tidak dapat didekati dengan metode Barat manapun, terutama hermeneutika. Bahkan, mereka menyatakan bahwa orang menerapkan metode semacam itu bisa dikategorikan sebagai orang kafir.</p><p> </p>
Bellwether Garden Supply: Revising Purchase and Disbursement Processes and Controls in the Implementation of a New Accounting Application
Authors: McHugh Marion E. , Polinski Paul 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
An appreciation for the complementary nature of manual and automated controls is fundamental for the proper evaluation and maintenance of accounting information systems (AIS). Additionally, the implementation of application access controls is often critical for ensuring an appropriate separation of duties and, ultimately, the reliability of a given transaction processing system. This paper describes a project where students act as consultants for Bellwether Garden Supply (BGS), a small retailer in Norcross, GA.1 In the case setting, BGS is in the process of completing the implementation of Sage 50. BGS management has asked student consulting teams to evaluate its current purchases and disbursements processes and organizational structure, to make any revisions necessary to accommodate the new technology, and to document the post-implementation process using Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). The case provides a rich, semi-structured setting where students can: improve their understanding of application access controls, separation of duties, and other key controls in the purchases and disbursements process; gain an appreciation of the importance of the context in which accounting applications are implemented; and enhance their communication skills using BPMN.
Beleidsevaluaties: meer dan een ritueel!
Authors: de Haan Frans , van Sonsbeek Jan-Maarten 
Published: September 2017

Beleidsevaluaties: meer dan een ritueel!
Dit essay is een reactie vanuit het ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid op de column ‘Beleidsevaluatie als ritueel’ van Peter van Hoesel (BO januari 2017).
Densification of Type I Collagen Matrices as a Model for Cardiac Fibrosis
Authors: Worke Logan J. , Barthold Jeanne E. , Seelbinder Benjamin , Novak Tyler , Main Russell P. , Harbin Sherry L. , Neu Corey P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCardiac fibrosis is a disease state characterized by excessive collagenous matrix accumulation within the myocardium that can lead to ventricular dilation and systolic failure. Current treatment options are severely lacking due in part to the poor understanding of the complexity of molecular pathways involved in cardiac fibrosis. To close this gap, in vitro model systems that recapitulate the defining features of the fibrotic cellular environment are in need. Type I collagen, a major cardiac extracellular matrix protein and the defining component of fibrotic depositions, is an attractive choice for a fibrosis model, but demonstrates poor mechanical strength due to solubility limits. However, plastic compression of collagen matrices is shown to significantly increase its mechanical properties. Here, confined compression of oligomeric, type I collagen matrices is utilized to resemble defining hallmarks seen in fibrotic tissue such as increased collagen content, fibril thickness, and bulk compressive modulus. Cardiomyocytes seeded on compressed matrices show a strong beating abrogation as observed in cardiac fibrosis. Gene expression analysis of selected fibrosis markers indicates fibrotic activation and cardiomyocyte maturation with regard to the existing literature. With these results, a promising first step toward a facile heart‐on‐chip model is presented to study cardiac fibrosis.
Interface‐Driven Structural Distortions and Composition Segregation in Two‐Dimensional Heterostructures
Authors: Ditto Jeffrey , Merrill Devin R. , Mitchson Gavin , Gabriel Joshua J. , Mathew Kiran , Hennig Richard G. , Medlin Douglas L. , Browning Nigel D. , Johnson David C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe discovery of emergent phenomena in 2D materials has sparked substantial research efforts in the materials community. A significant experimental challenge for this field is exerting atomistic control over the structure and composition of the constituent 2D layers and understanding how the interactions between layers drive both structure and properties. While no segregation for single bilayers was observed, segregation of Pb to the surface of three bilayer thick PbSe–SnSe alloy layers was discovered within [(PbxSn1−xSe)1+δ]n(TiSe2)1 heterostructures using electron microscopy. This segregation is thermodynamically favored to occur when PbxSn1−xSe layers are interdigitated with TiSe2 monolayers. DFT calculations indicate that the observed segregation depends on what is adjacent to the PbxSn1−xSe layers. The interplay between interface‐ and volume‐free energies controls both the structure and composition of the constituent layers, which can be tuned using layer thickness.
Heavy‐Atom Tunneling Calculations in Thirteen Organic Reactions: Tunneling Contributions are Substantial, and Bell's Formula Closely Approximates Multidimensional Tunneling at ≥250 K
Authors: Doubleday Charles , Armas Randy , Walker Dana , Cosgriff Christopher V. , Greer Edyta M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMultidimensional tunneling calculations are carried out for 13 reactions, to test the scope of heavy‐atom tunneling in organic chemistry, and to check the accuracy of one‐dimensional tunneling models. The reactions include pericyclic, cycloaromatization, radical cyclization and ring opening, and SN2. When compared at the temperatures that give the same effective rate constant of 3×10−5 s−1, tunneling accounts for 25–95 % of the rate in 8 of the 13 reactions. Values of transmission coefficients predicted by Bell's formula, κBell , agree well with multidimensional tunneling (canonical variational transition state theory with small curvature tunneling), κSCT. Mean unsigned deviations of κBell vs. κSCT are 0.08, 0.04, 0.02 at 250, 300 and 400 K. This suggests that κBell is a useful first choice for predicting transmission coefficients in heavy‐atom tunnelling.
Effects of plasticizer on structures, non‐isothermal crystallization, and rheological properties of polyarylates
Authors: Yoo Tae Jong , Song Bu Seup , Lee Youn Eung , Bae Byeong‐Soo , Jeong Young Gyu 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWe herein report the effects of plasticizer content (1–5 wt %) on the structure, non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics, thermal stability, and rheological property of a new type of multicomponent polyarylate (PAR). Fourier transform infrared spectra reveal the presence of a specific interaction between plasticizer and PAR chains, indicating the good dispersion of the plasticizer at the molecular level. The plasticizer influences on the non‐isothermal crystallization behavior of the PAR in two different ways: a mobility enhancer of PAR chains and an impurity to the crystallization of PAR. The melt‐crystallization temperature (Tmc) and enthalpy (ΔHmc) of the plasticized PARs at cooling runs are higher than those of the neat PAR, which is owing to the enhanced mobility of PAR chains by the plasticizer. On the other hand, the non‐isothermal crystallization rates at different cooling rates of 5–40 °C/min are slower for the PARs with higher plasticizer contents, which is due to the impurity effect of the plasticizer on the melt‐crystallization of PARs. Although the PARs with 1–5 wt % plasticizer have lowered thermal decomposition temperatures, compared to the neat PAR, they are thermally stable up to ∼400 °C. The complex melt viscosity of PAR with only 1 wt % plasticizer is far lower than that of the neat PAR. Overall, it is found that only 1 wt % plasticizer is quite effective to facilitate the melt‐processibility and to increase the crystallinity of PAR. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45704.
Importance of oceanographical background for a conservation priority areas network planned using MARXAN decision support tool in the Russian Arctic seas
Authors: Spiridonov Vassily , Solovyev Boris , Chuprina Ekaterina , Pantyulin Anatoly , Sazonov Alexei , Nedospasov Andrei , Stepanova Svetlana , Belikov Stanislav , Chernova Natalia , Gavrilo Maria , Glazov Dmitry , Krasnov Yury , Tertitsky Grigory , Onufrenya Irina 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to assess a conservation priority area (CPA) network proposed for the Russian Arctic seas (47 areas) with regard to underlying oceanographical features and to discuss further development of marine conservation planning.
The oceanographical features included in the analysis were obtained from the literature or inferred from schemes of climatic oceanography.
The most frequent oceanographic feature associated with a particular CPA is constant advection of a particular water mass, followed by local water mass transformation, seasonal ice zones, flaw polynyas, and external sources of nutrients. Particularly important are major frontal zones, and coastal phenomena such as coastal/offshore waters transition zones, massifs of fast ice and specific regimes of semi‐isolated fjords and bays.
Each Arctic sea in the study area or its large part (in the Barents Sea) is characterized by a distinct combination of oceanographical features associated with the respective CPAs.
Although most oceanographical features were not involved in the process of developing the CPA network directly, the resulting CPAs are shown to have a solid oceanographical background.
While this oceanographical background needs further understanding, it provides the possibility to refine the MPA boundaries and plan future studies. Furthermore it allows evaluation of potential resistance and resilience of CPAs to climate change by focusing on relevant oceanographical processes and the adaptive potential of biota on an area by area basis.
Planning for the future: Incorporating global and local data to prioritize coral reef conservation
Authors: Harris Jill L. , Estradivari E. , Fox Helen E. , McCarthy Orion S. , Ahmadia Gabby N. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

It is necessary, yet challenging, to manage coral reefs to simultaneously address a suite of global and local stressors that act over the short and long term. Therefore, managers need practical guidance on prioritizing the locations and types of conservation that most efficiently address their goals using limited resources.
This study is one of the first examples of a vulnerability assessment for coral reefs that uses downscaled global climate change projections and local anthropogenic stress data to prioritize coral reef locations for conservation investment. Vulnerability was separated into manageable and unmanageable components (bleaching likelihood and local anthropogenic stressors, respectively), and the highest priority was given to places with low levels of unmanageable threats and high levels of manageable threats. Following prioritization, resilience characteristics were derived from standard reef monitoring data and used to identify the specific conservation strategies most likely to succeed given local ecological conditions and threats.
Using Indonesian coral reefs as a case study, 9.1% of total coral reef area was identified as of high conservation priority, including parts of Raja Ampat, Sulawesi, and Sumatra that are not currently included in marine protected areas (MPAs).
Existing MPAs tend to be located in areas less threatened by local‐scale anthropogenic activities, which has implications for both the implementation costs and the likely impact of conservation investment. This approach employs common and publicly available data and can therefore be replicated wherever managers face the familiar challenge of allocating limited conservation resources in the face of rapid global change and uncertainty.
Facing the future: Conservation as a precursor for building coastal territorial cohesion and resilience
Authors: Goussard Jean‐Jacques , Ducrocq Mathieu 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

On a global scale, most of the coastal zones in the world are undergoing rapid and accelerating changes. This coastal syndrome combines two major trends: one linked to the growth of coastal populations, habitat, transport and industrial infrastructures (assets); the other linked to the influence of climate change and its effects in terms of sea‐level rise, increased frequency of extreme weather events, acidification and increase in ocean surface temperature, both affecting the health of coastal ecosystems. This situation is also reflected in the increase in coastal engineering solutions, which have significant impacts on coastal hydrodynamics and natural ecosystems.
This extremely dynamic context calls for an evolution in conservation and spatial planning strategies in order to better anticipate changes that may affect not only the sustainability of both the distribution and health of natural ecosystems, but also the relevance of conservation efforts. Marine and coastal protected areas help preserve ecological services, and reduce the risks faced by coastal communities. Therefore, it can be argued that the effectiveness of these conservation units will depend on the ability, (i) to take into account their territorial context, and also (ii) to base the management decisions on a prospective and sufficiently anticipated (future‐oriented) approach. MPA management must be proactive to cope with such rapid changes.
The Nexus approach, promoted by the IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management ‐ coastal ecosystem group (CEM/CEG), places marine and coastal spatial planning as a key integrative element linking conservation, adaptation to climate change and coastal risk reduction, and as a part of no‐regret adaptation strategies. This paper highlights the main factors that characterize current coastal dynamics, and then briefly presents three future‐oriented pilot operations, implemented in Western Africa at different scales. These operations illustrate how MPAs must become structuring elements for the organization and development of coastal territories if they are to contribute to the resilience of coastal systems and to ensure their own long‐term sustainability.
Meta-analysis of the association between alcohol consumption and abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Spencer S M , Trower A J , Jia X , Scott D J A , Greenwood D C 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Alcohol is a possible risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but evidence from individual studies is weak and inconsistent. Existing narrative reviews suggest the possibility of non-linear associations. The aim here was to quantify any association using a systematic literature review, followed by dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science were searched systematically to January 2017 for relevant prospective studies of alcohol consumption and AAA risk. Summary estimates of highest versus lowest levels of consumption, and linear and non-linear dose–response curves were quantified using random-effects models.

Results
Eleven relevant cohorts were identified describing results from 3580 individuals with among 473 092 participants. Data were extracted from ten cohorts for meta-analyses of high versus low levels of alcohol consumption (risk ratio for AAA 0·93, 95 per cent c.i. 0·78 to 1·11; P = 0·4, I2 = 47 per cent). The linear dose–response risk ratio for AAA, derived from 11 cohorts, was 1·00 (0·97 to 1·04) per 8 g alcohol per day (P = 0·9, I2 = 73 per cent). Non-linear dose–response results showed a tick-shaped curve with lower risk up to 2 units/day, but increasing risk beyond that (P = 0·05). The increase in risk beyond 2 units/day was stronger in men than in women.

Conclusion
Although the linear dose–response analysis revealed little evidence of an association between alcohol consumption and AAA risk, a tick-shaped trend in the association was observed. This non-linear dose–response analysis revealed reduced risks for alcohol consumption below 2 units/day, masking increased risks for 2 or more units/day.
Aromatic Halogenation by Using Bifunctional Flavin Reductase–Halogenase Fusion Enzymes
Authors: Andorfer Mary C. , Belsare Ketaki D. , Girlich Anna M. , Lewis Jared C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe remarkable site selectivity and broad substrate scope of flavin‐dependent halogenases (FDHs) has led to much interest in their potential as biocatalysts. Multiple engineering efforts have demonstrated that FDHs can be tuned for non‐native substrate scope and site selectivity. FDHs have also proven useful as in vivo biocatalysts and have been successfully incorporated into biosynthetic pathways to build new chlorinated aromatic compounds in several heterologous organisms. In both cases, reduced flavin cofactor, usually supplied by a separate flavin reductase (FR), is required. Herein, we report functional synthetic, fused FDH‐FR proteins containing various FDHs and FRs joined by different linkers. We show that FDH‐FR fusion proteins can increase product titers compared to the individual components for in vivo biocatalysis in Escherichia coli.
Heptazine: an Electron‐Deficient Fluorescent Core for Discotic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Bala Indu , Singh Harpreet , Battula Venugopala Rao , Gupta Santosh Prasad , De Joydip , Kumar Sunil , Kailasam Kamalakannan , Pal Santanu Kumar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHerein, room‐temperature discotic liquid crystals based on heptazine, an electron deficient central core, are reported for the first time. Mesomorphic behaviors of the materials are also investigated. Supramolecular assembly of the mesophase derivatives were confirmed by X‐ray scattering experiments. Heptazine‐based solid thin films are strong blue light emitters, whereas in the solution state, they are weakly emissive or non‐emissive. The band gap energy is found to be low in this class of compounds. Formation of room‐temperature mesophases, low band‐gap behavior, and strong blue‐light emission in the solid state are promising attributes for optoelectronic applications of the materials.
Dual Visible Light‐Triggered Photoswitch of a Diarylethene Supramolecular Assembly with Cucurbit[8]uril
Authors: Liu Guoxing , Zhang Ying‐Ming , Wang Conghui , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractResearch on photochromic molecules switched by visible light is of particular interest for their application in bioimaging and stimuli‐responsive materials. Here, a photoswitchable supramolecular assembly comprised of monocharged bispyridinium‐modified diarylethenes (DAEs) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) has been constructed, which exhibits reversible photochromic behaviour with visible light in both directions. The transformation of CB[8] not only prompts the DAEs to form charge‐transfer complexes, but also restricts its intramolecular rotation to enhance fluorescence emission. In this CB[8]‐containing supramolecular system, the π‐conjugation is extended and its absorption is bathochromically shifted for visible light‐driven cyclization of DAEs. Meanwhile, the fluorescence of the supramolecular assembly can also be reversibly modulated by visible light. These findings may furnish a new strategy for the development of visible light‐driven fluorescent biomaterials and molecular machines.