bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molybdenum Speciation and its Impact on Catalytic Activity during Methane Dehydroaromatization in Zeolite ZSM‐5 as Revealed by Operando X‐Ray Methods
Authors: Lezcano‐González Inés , Oord Ramon , Rovezzi Mauro , Glatzel Pieter , Botchway Stanley W. , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Beale Andrew M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCombined high‐resolution fluorescence detection X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray emission spectroscopy have been employed under operando conditions to obtain detailed new insight into the nature of the Mo species on zeolite ZSM‐5 during methane dehydroaromatization. The results show that isolated Mo–oxo species present after calcination are converted by CH4into metastable MoCxOyspecies, which are primarily responsible for C2Hx/C3Hxformation. Further carburization leads to MoC3clusters, whose presence coincides with benzene formation. Both sintering of MoC3and accumulation of large hydrocarbons on the external surface, evidenced by fluorescence‐lifetime imaging microscopy, are principally responsible for the decrease in catalytic performance. These results show the importance of controlling Mo speciation to achieve the desired product formation, which has important implications for realizing the impact of CH4as a source for platform chemicals.
Glass Formation of a Coordination Polymer Crystal for Enhanced Proton Conductivity and Material Flexibility
Authors: Chen Wenqian , Horike Satoshi , Umeyama Daiki , Ogiwara Naoki , Itakura Tomoya , Tassel Cédric , Goto Yoshihiro , Kageyama Hiroshi , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe glassy state of a two‐dimensional (2D) Cd2+ coordination polymer crystal was prepared by a solvent‐free mechanical milling process. The glassy state retains the 2D structure of the crystalline material, albeit with significant distortion, as characterized by synchrotron X‐ray analyses and solid‐state multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. It transforms to its original crystal structure upon heating. Thus, reversible crystal‐to‐glass transformation is possible using our new processes. The glass state displays superior properties compared to the crystalline state; specifically, it shows anhydrous proton conductivity and a dielectric constant two orders of magnitude greater than the crystalline material. It also shows material flexibility and transparency.
Mild and Complete Carbonyl Ligand Scission on a Mononuclear Transition Metal Complex
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Celik Mehmet Ali , Dewhurst Rian D. , Kachel Stephanie , Wennemann Benedikt 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe complete scission of the carbon–oxygen bond of carbon monoxide, while frequently observed on bulk metals and with bimetallic and cluster transition metal complexes, is unknown with monometallic systems. Reaction of a zerovalent iron bis(borylene) complex with a cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene revealed a highly selective intramolecular cleavage of the C−O bond of a carbonyl ligand at room temperature, leading to the formation of a highly unusual iron complex containing a base‐stabilized (bora)alkylideneborane ligand. DFT investigation of the reaction mechanism suggested that the two Lewis acidic borylene boron atoms cooperate to cleave the C−O multiple bond.
Lignin as a green primary antioxidant for polypropylene
Authors: Gadioli Renan , Waldman Walter Ruggeri , De Paoli Marco Aurelio 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTLignin and Irganox 1010, a hindered phenol antioxidant, are compared as a primary stabilizer in formulations for polypropylene (PP) by exposition to accelerated aging. The concentration of lignin was adjusted to match the concentration of hindered phenolic groups of the commercial stabilizer. Upon aging, lignin formulation retains the initial mechanical properties longer than the formulation with Irganox 1010. The ratio of the areas of the carbonyl and the hydroxyl infrared absorption bands is proposed as a method to evaluate the photodegradation process. In this aspect, the formulation with lignin also presents better results than the formulation with Irganox 1010. There are two hypotheses for the best performance of lignin in the studied conditions: lower leaching of lignin, due to its crosslinked nature, and leaching of low molar mass products of Irganox 1010 hydrolysis. These results indicate lignin, from the Kraft process of Eucalyptus wood, as a promising green substituent to synthetic hindered phenol stabilizers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43558.
Size‐controlled gold nanoparticles inside polyacrylamide microgels
Authors: Díaz M. , Barrera A. , López‐Cuenca S. , Martínez‐Salazar S. Y. , Rabelero M. , Ceja I. , Fernández V. V. A. , Aguilar J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of different sizes were synthesized into a crosslinked network of polyacrylamide (PAAm) microgels. PAAm was prepared by means of semicontinuous inverse heterophase polymerization under monomer‐starving conditions with a z‐average particle size of 384 ± 18 nm. AuNPs with controlled size were obtained by a reduction reaction of Au+3 to Au0 from a gold(III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4) solution inside microgel the crosslinked network (AuNP‐PAAm). The reduction reaction was verified for 2 h by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis). AuNP–PAAm exhibited a particle size between 288 ± 12 and 230 ± 15 nm at HAuCl4 concentrations of 0.4 and 1.3 mM, respectively. The AuNP–PAAms were observed by transmission electron microscopy, and their sizes were determined to be 19 ± 2 nm (1.3 mM) and 17 ± 2 nm (1.1 mM). With UV–vis spectroscopy, we detected the formation of AuNPs at a wavelength of 552 nm, and with X‐ray diffraction analysis, we proved that the crystal arrangement was face‐centered cubic. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43560.
Influence of diaminobenzoyl‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the nonisothermal curing kinetics, dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of epoxy–anhydride composites
Authors: Pongsa Uraiwan , Samthong Chavakorn , Praserthdam Piyasan , Somwangthanaroj Anongnat 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTTo obtain advanced materials with a high thermal dissipation, the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes containing diverse functionality groups, that is, as‐received multiwalled carbon nanotubes (AS‐MWCNTs) and diaminobenzoyl multiwalled carbon nanotubes (DA‐MWCNTs), to epoxy–anhydride composites was accomplished. According to nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry analysis, the reactive functional groups present on the surfaces of the AS‐MWCNTs and DA‐MWCNTs accelerated the nucleophilic addition reaction of epoxy composites. Because of the difference in the reactivities of these functional groups toward epoxy groups, the distinction of fractional conversion and the reaction rate of the curing process were remarkably evident at the early stage. A suitable kinetic model was effectively elucidated with the Málek approach. The curing kinetics could best be described by a two‐parameter autocatalytic model as a truncated Šesták–Berggren model. The DA‐MWCNTs achieved effective load transfer and active heat conductive pathways; this resulted in good dynamic mechanical and thermal properties. As a result, the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A/DA‐MWCNTs constituted an effective system with enhanced heat dissipation of materials for electronic applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43567.
High flux nanofibrous composite microfiltration membrane prepared by melt blending extrusion: Application in liquid filtration
Authors: Xu Dandan , Zhu Keying , Zheng Xiaoting , Xiao Ru 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTHigh flux PP/EVOH nanofibrous composite microfiltration membrane (P/E‐NCMM) based on polypropylene (PP) (575 nm) and polyethylene‐co‐polyvinyl alcohol (EVOH) nanofibers (248 nm) with low operation pressure for liquid filtration was fabricated by melt blending extrusion. PP nanofibers as the scaffold played a supporting role, and EVOH nanofibers filled in the PP nanofibers network structure narrowed the pore size and improved the wettability. Taking advantages of PP and EVOH nanofibers, the nanofibrous composite membrane created fascinating features for liquid filtration. The experimental results showed that the P/E‐NCMM had high average pure water flux at low operating pressure. The P/E‐NCMM with 30 wt % PP nanofibers showed high water flux [450.9 L/(m2 h)] even at very low feeding pressure (0.05 MPa) with above 95% retention for TiO2 suspension. The results indicated that the P/E‐NCMM prepared by this method had great potential for the application in liquid filtration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43585.
Acute Molecular Changes in Synovial Fluid Following Human Knee Injury: Association With Early Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Watt Fiona E. , Paterson Erin , Freidin Andrew , Kenny Mark , Judge Andrew , Saklatvala Jeremy , Williams Andy , Vincent Tonia L. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate whether molecules found to be up‐regulated within hours of surgical joint destabilization in the mouse are also elevated in the analogous human setting of acute knee injury, how this molecular response varies between individuals, and whether it is related to patient‐reported outcomes in the 3 months after injury.MethodsSeven candidate molecules were analyzed in blood and synovial fluid (SF) from 150 participants with recent structural knee injury at baseline (<8 weeks from injury) and in blood at 14 days and 3 months following baseline. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score 4 (KOOS4) was obtained at baseline and 3 months. Patient and control samples were compared using Meso Scale Discovery platform assays or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsSix of the 7 molecules were significantly elevated in human SF immediately after injury: interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), monocyte chemotactic protein 1, matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP‐3), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP‐1), activin A, and tumor necrosis factor–stimulated gene 6 (TSG‐6). There was low‐to‐moderate correlation with blood measurements. Three of the 6 molecules were significantly associated with baseline KOOS4 (those with higher SF IL‐6, TIMP‐1, or TSG‐6 had lower KOOS4). These 3 molecules, MMP‐3, and activin A were all significantly associated with greater improvement in KOOS4 over 3 months, after adjustment for other relevant factors. Of these, IL‐6 alone significantly accounted for the molecular contribution to baseline KOOS4 and change in KOOS4 over 3 months.ConclusionOur findings validate relevant human biomarkers of tissue injury identified in a mouse model. Analysis of SF rather than blood more accurately reflects this response. The response is associated with patient‐reported outcomes over this early period, with SF IL‐6 acting as a single representative marker. Longitudinal outcomes will determine if these molecules are biomarkers of subsequent disease risk.
Multidimensional Germanium‐Based Materials as Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qin Jinwen , Cao Minhua 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMetallic germanium is an ideal anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), owing to its high theoretical capacity (1624 mA h g−1) and low operating voltage. Herein, we highlight recent advances in the development of Ge‐based anodes in LIBs, although improvements in their coulombic efficiency (CE), capacity retention, and rate performance are still required. One of the major concerns facing the development of Ge anodes is the controlled formation of microstructures. In this Focus Review, we summarize Ge‐based materials with different structural dimensions, that is, zero‐dimensional (0D), one‐dimensional (1D), two‐dimensional (2D), three‐dimensional (3D), and even monolithic and macroscale structures. Moreover, the design of Ge‐based oxide materials, as an effective route for achieving higher Li‐storage capacities and cycling performance, is also discussed. Finally, we briefly summarize new types of Ge‐based materials, such as ternary germanium oxides, germanium sulfides, and germanium phosphides, and predict that they will bring about a reformation in the field of LIBs.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Propindilactone G, Part 2: Enantioselective Construction of the Fully Functionalized BCDE Ring System
Authors: Zhang Jia‐Jun , You Lin , Wang Yue‐Fan , Li Yuan‐He , Liang Xin‐Ting , Zhang Bo , Yang Shou‐Liang , Su Qi , Chen Jia‐Hua , Yang Zhen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe enantioselective synthesis of the fully functionalized BCDE tetracyclic ring system of propindilactone G (A) is reported. Several synthetic methods were developed and applied to achieve this goal, including: 1) an asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction in the presence of Hayashi′s catalyst for the synthesis of optically pure key intermediate 3; 2) an intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction (PKR) for the stereoselective synthesis of the BCDE ring with an all‐carbon chiral quaternary center at the C13 position by using the TMS‐substituted acetylene as the substrate; and 3) Pd‐catalyzed reductive hydrogenolysis for the stereoselective synthesis of the fully functionalized BCDE tetracyclic ring system. The chemistry developed herein provided a greater understanding of the total synthesis propindilactone G (A) and its analogues.
Facile Assembly of Benzo[b]naphtho[2,3‐d]azocin‐6(5 H)‐ones by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Double Carbometalation
Authors: Gong Xinxing , Chen Mo , Yao Liangqing , Wu Jie 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed reaction of 2‐alkynylanilines with 2‐(2‐bromobenzylidene)cyclobutanone as an efficient route to 7,8‐dihydrobenzo[b]naphtho[2,3‐d]azocin‐6(5 H)‐ones was developed. The fused eight‐membered ring was constructed conveniently. During the reaction process, double carbometalation was involved, which resulted in excellent selectivity with the formation of three new bonds. This transformation is highly efficient and leads to fused polycycles in good to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance.
Unearthing the hidden resource: biomass from rootstock recovery
Authors: Picchi Gianni , Pari Luigi , Scarfone Antonio , Barontini Maurizio , Spinelli Raffaele 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTermination of depleted orchards generates a large amount of residue, often turned into wood fuel. This operation is particularly difficult with rootstocks, which are laborious to extract and offer a very low‐quality fuel. The authors tested a new technology, designed for efficient rootstock extraction. Contrary to conventional excavator‐based technology, the new technology is able to cut and lift rootstocks in one single pass. A side‐by‐side comparative test was conducted on 16 sample plots, in a pear orchard. Clean rootstock weight ranged between 3 and 7 kg, and sample plot yield varied from 4 to 9 t ha−1 fresh rootstocks, depending on varietal. The new technology was five times more productive than the conventional technology, and allowed reduction of rootstock extraction cost by a factor of 3.8. The output–input energy balance was twice as favorable for the new technology, compared with the traditional one. No significant changes were found for what concerned rootstock contamination: the weight of raw rootstocks consisted of over 50% of soil, which would require a separate cleaning operation. Adoption of the new technology described in this paper may dramatically increase the viability of root biomass supply. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The Emotional Child Witness Effect Survives Presentation Mode
Authors: Melinder Annika , Burrell Lisa , Eriksen Maria Olaussen , Magnussen Svein , Wessel Ellen 
Published: March 2016

The emotional witness effect – the phenomenon whereby people are affected by the emotional manner in which a witness presents testimony – constitutes a possible source of wrongful decisions in legal contexts. One stereotypical view of abused children is that they should be sad when talking about their experiences of maltreatment, whereas children may in fact express a variety of emotional expressions when talking about abusive events. This raises the question as to whether there is an optimal mode in which to present child victim testimony that could reduce the possible influence of displayed emotions. In the present study, mock police interviews were carried out with female child actors, role‐playing the victims of physical abuse by their stepfather, telling the same story with four emotional expressions (neutral, sad, angry, or positive). Laypersons (N = 465) were presented with the interviews as transcripts with the emotional reactions of the child witness noted, audio recordings, or videotaped recordings. Participants then rated the credibility of the victim witness. Replicating previous results, the “sad” expression elicited the highest credibility ratings across all modes of presentations. Presentation mode affected ratings of credibility, with the transcript versions resulting in the highest ratings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanostructures from Synthetic Genetic Polymers
Authors: Taylor Alexander I. , Beuron Fabienne , Peak‐Chew Sew‐Yeu , Morris Edward P. , Herdewijn Piet , Holliger Philipp 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNanoscale objects of increasing complexity can be constructed from DNA or RNA. However, the scope of potential applications could be enhanced by expanding beyond the moderate chemical diversity of natural nucleic acids. Here, we explore the construction of nano‐objects made entirely from alternative building blocks: synthetic genetic polymers not found in nature, also called xeno nucleic acids (XNAs). Specifically, we describe assembly of 70 kDa tetrahedra elaborated in four different XNA chemistries (2′‐fluro‐2′‐deoxy‐ribofuranose nucleic acid (2′F‐RNA), 2′‐fluoroarabino nucleic acids (FANA), hexitol nucleic acids (HNA), and cyclohexene nucleic acids (CeNA)), as well as mixed designs, and a ∼600 kDa all‐FANA octahedron, visualised by electron microscopy. Our results extend the chemical scope for programmable nanostructure assembly, with implications for the design of nano‐objects and materials with an expanded range of structural and physicochemical properties, including enhanced biostability.
Comparison of intravascular optical frequency domain imaging versus intravascular ultrasound during balloon pulmonary angioplasty in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Ikeda Nobutaka , Kubota Shuji , Okazaki Toru , Hara Hisao , Hiroi Yukio 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesThe aims of this study are (1) to evaluate the safety and feasibility of using optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) during balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) procedures, (2) to assess the correlations between the vessel area (VA) and luminal area (LA) obtained by OFDI and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and (3) to compare inter‐ and intra‐observer variability among measurements taken from OFDI and IVUS images.BackgroundThe BPA in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is an evolving procedure.MethodsTwenty‐three consecutive attempts of pair of OFDI and IVUS during BPA were evaluated. All complications that occurred during‐BPA and up to 48 hr post‐BPA were recorded. Using side branches as landmarks, 48 pairs of regions were chosen to compare measurements of VA and LA.ResultsOFDI images can be obtained without any procedurally related complications. Although the VA and LA measurements obtained by OFDI were smaller than those obtained by IVUS, high correlations were found (VA: r = 0.78, P < 0.0001 and LA: r = 0.75, P < 0.0001). Less inter‐ and intra‐observer variability was found when using measurements taken from OFDI versus IVUS images.ConclusionsOFDI during BPA was safe and feasible. The reproducibility of OFDI imaging was excellent and offered a favorable addition to the BPA procedures. © 2016 The Authors Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Haemoptysis in a female with diabetes mellitus: a unique presentation of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and Klebsiella peumoniae co‐infection
Authors: Ekwueme Chinonso , Otu Akaninyene Asuquo , Chinenye Sunny , Unachukwu Chioma , Oputa Reginald N. , Korubo Ibitrokoemi , Enang Ofem E. 
Published: March 2016

Key Clinical MessageWhile chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia co‐infection is rare, we present a 50‐year‐old woman with uncontrolled diabetes who presented with these three diseases. There is considerable overlap in symptoms of PTB and CPA. Treatment with antifungals, anti‐tuberculosis therapy, and antibiotics is beneficial.
Quinazolinones from o‐Aminobenzonitriles by One‐Pot Sequential Selective Hydration/Condensation/Acceptorless Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex
Authors: Zhao Wei , Liu Pengcheng , Li Feng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA new strategy for the direct synthesis of quinazolinones from o‐aminobenzonitriles was proposed and accomplished. In the presence of [Cp*IrCl2]2 (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), a variety of desirable products was obtained easily through the one‐pot sequential selective hydration/condensation/acceptorless dehydrogenation. This protocol is highly attractive because it uses readily available starting materials, has a high atom efficiency, good to excellent yields, and minimal consumption of chemicals and energy. Notably, this research exhibited new potential for the development of transition‐metal‐catalyzed one‐pot sequential reactions that involve acceptorless dehydrogenation.
Hierarchical Nanoplatforms for High‐Performance Enzyme Biocatalysis under Denaturing Conditions
Authors: González‐Domínguez Elena , Comesaña‐Hermo Miguel , Mariño‐Fernández Rosalía , Rodríguez‐González Benito , Arenal Raul , Salgueiriño Verónica , Moldes Diego , Othman Abdelmageed M. , Pérez‐Lorenzo Moisés , Correa‐Duarte Miguel A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 07/2016 is provided by TeamNanoTech (TNT), the Magnetic Materials Group (MMG), and Bioengineering & Sustainable Processes (BIOSUV) at Universidade de Vigo (Spain), and the Institute of Nanoscience of Aragón (INA) at Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain). The image illustrates a novel multifunctional nanoplatform featuring a high enzyme loading capacity and remarkable recycling capabilities as an effective means to circumvent the limitations that hinder the implementation of enzymes in industrial biotechnology (image credit: Miguel Spuch‐Calvar). See the Communication itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201501401.
A Facile and Efficient Modification of CNTs for Improved Fischer–Tropsch Performance on Iron Catalyst: Alkali Modification
Authors: Liu Renjie , Xu Yan , Li Zhenhua , Ma Xinbin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 08/2016 is provided by Prof. Dr. Zhenhua Li, Prof. Dr. Xinbin Ma, and co‐workers from Tianjin University (P.R. China). The image shows that an iron catalyst supported on alkali‐modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibits extraordinary Fischer–Tropsch catalytic performance and efficient application to diesel production. See the Communication itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201501219.
Chemoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines from Heteroaryl Fluorosulfates
Authors: Zhang Enxuan , Tang Jiaze , Li Suhua , Wu Peng , Moses John E. , Sharpless K. Barry 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA selection of heteroaryl fluorosulfates were readily synthesized using commercial SO2F2 gas. These substrates are highly efficient coupling partners in the Suzuki reaction. Through judicious selection of Pd catalysts the fluorosulfate functionality is differentiated from bromide and chloride; the order of reactivity being: ‐Br> ‐OSO2F> ‐Cl. Exploiting this trend allowed the stepwise chemoselective synthesis of a number of polysubstituted pyridines, including the drug Etoricoxib.