bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FORMULATION ANDCHARACTERIZATION OF OLANZEPINELOADED MUCOADHESIVE MICROSPHERES
Authors: Deshmukh Madhuri T , Mohite Shrinivas K 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective of this research was to formulate and evaluate olanzapine (OLE) mucoadhesive microsphere prepared using carbopol and sodium combination. OLE having extensive hepatic first pass metabolism and low bioavailability problem, determined the need for the development of sustained release formulation.Methods: OLE mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by ionic gelation method. OLE mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared byionic gelation method by using calcium chloride as crosslinking agent. The OLE mucoadhesive microsphere was characterized by particle sizemeasurement, process yield, morphology of microsphere, drug entrapment efficiency, mucoadhesion test, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) study and in-vitro drug release.Results: The OLE mucoadhesive microsphere having mean particle size ranged from 546.0 µm to 554.3 µm, and the entrapment efficiencies ranged from 73% to 96%. All the olanzapine (OLE) microsphere batches showed good in-vitro mucoadhesive property ranging from 75.89% to 96.47% and in the in-vitro wash off test ranging from 68.12% to 81.3%. FTIR studies indicated the no drug-polymer interactions in the ideal formulation F9. Therewere no compatibility issues, and the crystallinity of OLE was found to be reduced shoeing less intense peak in prepared mucoadhesive microspheres, which were confirmed by differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction studies. Among different formulations, the OLE microspheres of batch F9 had shown the optimum percent drug entrapment of microspheres. Release pattern of OLE from F9 microspheres batch followed Higuchi kinetic model. Stability studies were carried out for F9 formulation at 4°C/ambient, 25±2°C/60±5%, 40±2°C/75±5% relative humidity revealed that the drug entrapment, mucoadhesive behavior, and drug release were within permissible limits.Conclusion: The results obtained in this work demonstrate the use of carbopol and sodium alginate polymer for preparation of mucoadhesive microsphere.Keywords: Ionic gelation method, Gastroretentive delivery, Mucoadhesive microsphere, Carbopol.
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS FROM FRUIT OF THESPESIA POPULNEA
Authors: Nandhini Sasi Usha , V Radhika , S Manisha , V Anusha Jeslin 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: To study the phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial compounds from fruits of Thespesia populnea.Methods: The determination of antimicrobial activity of fruit extract was done by agar well diffusion method. Active compounds were extracted bydifferent solvent extraction methods. The presence of active compounds was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS).Results: The active extract was identified by the GC-MS analysis and it was revealed that the presence of oleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, andN-hexadecanoic acid.Conclusion: This method adopted and extracted purified active metabolites and can be fruitfully employed for obtaining novel antibiotic compounds to treat human pathogenic bacterial and fungal diseases.Keywords: Thespesia populnea (L.), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Antimicrobial, Phytochemical.
BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING ANDREDERA CORDIFOLIA LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: Palanivelrajan Rajathi , S Suja 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The present study is focussed on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Andredera cordifolia and to investigate the free radical scavenging potential, antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles against different human pathogens.Methods: The formation of silver nanoparticles was indicated by the colour change from colourless to reddish brown. Biosynthesized nanoparticles was characterised using several techniques, viz- UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, TEM, SEM and EDAX analysis. The free radical scavenging potential was measured by DPPH, FRAP assay, antimicrobial activity against six microorganisms was tested using disc diffusion method. Results: UV-Vis spectral analysis showed silver Surface Plasmon Resonance band at 426 nm. The crystalline morphology and size of the nanoparticles were determined by TEM, SEM, and X-ray diffraction studies which showed the average size of the nanoparticles in the range 40 –60nm. The biologically synthesized nanoparticles efficiently inhibited pathogenic organisms such as E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella Pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris. The biosynthesized nanoparticles might serve as a potent antioxidant as revealed by DPPH assay and FRAP assay. Conclusion: The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles had several advantages in pharmaceutical applications as well as large scale commercial production.Key Words: Silver nanoparticle, Andredera cordifolia leaf, SEM,TEM,XRD,antioxidant, antimicrobial,etc.
Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Bisoprolol and Triamterene in human plasma
Authors: G Hemavathi , M Hipparagi S 
Published: April 2017

Objective: A highly sensitive, specific, and rapid liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of bisoprolol and triamterene in human plasma using metoprolol as an internal standard (IS) as per regulatory guidelines.Methods: Both the analytes and IS were extracted from plasma using a protein precipitation extraction method. Chromatography was achieved on Welchrom XB C18, 50 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm column using an isocratic mobile phase (2 mM ammonium formate acetonitrile, 70:30 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.60 ml/minute.Results: The total chromatographic run time was 3.5 minute and the elution of bisoprolol, triamterene, and IS occurred at ~2.57, 1.30 and 1.57 minute, respectively. A linear response function was established at 2.04-210 ng/ml for both the analytes in human plasma. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precisions were in the range of 1.12-7.87 and 1.26-6.36%; 1.46-6.13 and 1.65-7.34% for bisoprolol and triamterene, respectively.Conclusion: A new robust method was developed for simultaneous determination of Bisoprolol and Triamterene in human plasma. The method was strictly validated according to the ICH [1] guidelines. The information thus obtained from the study can be used for the full pharmacokinetic profiling in individuals.Keywords: Bisoprolol, Triamterene, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, Method validation, Human plasma,Pharmacokinetics.
EFFECT OF CANNA INDICA L. EXTRACT AGAINST CAFFEINE-NICOTINE CO-ADMINISTRATION-INDUCED EXAGGERATION IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Kumbhar Subhash T , Une Hemant D , Kannur Dayanand M , Patil Shriniwas P 
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Canna indica L. extract against caffeine-nicotine administration-induced type 2 diabetes exaggeration in rats.Methods: A study was conducted for three weeks in four rat groups (n=6); viz. type 2 diabetic control group, a caffeine-nicotine diabetic control group (20mg/kg, 0.4mg/kg, ip twice daily), and Canna indica L. extract and caffeine-nicotine treatment group and standard drug treated caffeine-nicotine diabetic group (Glibencamide, 5mg/kg, once daily). Type 2 diabetes was induced by two weeks high fatty diet and a single dose streptozotocin (50mg/kg, ip) on 1th day of the study in all groups. Blood and urine samples were collected every week for serum biochemical analysis.Results: Results of extract treatment and standard drug treatment were compared with untreated caffeine-nicotine co-administration group. Difference in each relevant serum parameter was analyzed through ANOVA and Dunett’s t test. Extract treated caffeine-nicotine-diabetic group showed about 150-200mg/dL (p<0.001) reduction in the serum glucose than untreated caffeine-nicotine-diabetic control group. Extract treatment reduces serum glucose by 10-15 mg/dL than glibenclamide treatment with higher significance (p<0.001). Extract treatment showed better results than standard drug in liver and kidney function test and exhibited its better potential in controlling diabetic complications. Extract treatment increased HDL-C and reduced triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C and TC much better and with higher significance than standard drug. Extract treatment reduced TC by at least 60-80mg/dL (p<0.01) in comparison to caffeine-nicotine-diabetic control group. Extract treatment reduced 10-15mg/dL of more total cholesterol than that of standard drug.Conclusion: Caffeine-nicotine co-administration-induced exaggeration of type 2 diabetes was better treated by CI extract than that of standard drug gibenclamide. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Streptozotocin, Caffeine, Nicotine, Diabetic complication, Rat
NIMOTUZUMAB INDUCED HYPERTENSION(NIH): A MAIDEN CASE REPORT
Authors: Ommurugan Balaji , Priya Amita , Patil Navin 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Nimotuzumab is one among the latest humanized monoclonal antibody targeting against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). It is approved for Head and neck squamous cancer in India, Srilanka, Cuba and Argentina, for glioma in Cuba, Argentina and Ukraine and Nasopharyngeal cancer in China. Hypertension is most common with Bevacizumab and Cetuximab, which are monoclonal antibodies against EGFR. Hence, we report here a case of Nimotuzumab induced hypertension in a 70-year-old man treated for vocal cord carcinoma. KEYWORDS: Nimotuzumab, Hypertension, EGFR, Adverse effects.
STUDY OF THYROID PROFILE IN GERIATRIC TYPE-2 DIABETICS IN JHARKHAND
Authors: Jha Pankaj Kumar , Mandal Gunjan Kumar 
Published: April 2017

Objective: To study the association of the two endocrinal disorders (Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease) in randomly selected geriatric patients.Method: The study includes 80 patients in geriatric age groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus visiting the Medicine out patients department. Thyroid profile were assayed in type 2 diabetic patients.Results: It was noted that thyroid dysfunction was prevalent in 41(51.25%) out of the 80 geriatric age group patients with 31(38.75%) being hypothyroidism, 7 (8.7%) having subclinical hypothyroidism and 3 (3.7%) having a hyperthyroid state.Conclusion: The study shows that screening should be strongly recommended for all type 2 diabetics to rule out thyroid dysfunction in patients with increasing age.Keywords: Thyroid profile, Geriatric patients, Diabetes mellitus.
“Transparency” in Accounting and Corporate Governance: Making Sense of Multiple Meanings
Authors: Stein Mitchell J. , Salterio Steven E. , Shearer Teri 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Calls for greater transparency of accounting and financial information in the aftermath of Enron and other accounting scandals appeared to offer the opportunity for greater public accountability within financial reporting. Our analysis however suggests that different emergent meanings from various groups such as senior managers, investors, regulators, and other gatekeepers were associated with these calls, indicating an underlying “taken for grantedness” concerning the need for increased transparency. We examine these emergent meanings of transparency and their effects on broader issues of accountability within financial reporting. Our analysis, employing sensemaking, shows the mobilization of “transparency” to construct meanings to make sense of and rationalize complex, ambiguous, and uncertainty events around the accounting scandals and the subsequent financial crises. This meaning construction permitted action that “restored” confidence in financial markets and in doing so served the interests of senior managers who defined their own public accountability. Our analysis also suggests that accountants and regulators need to provide higher forms of sensegiving around such crises to offer alternatives to senior managers' accounts of transparency and financial reporting.
The Effect of Injunctive Social Norms and Dissent on Budget Reporting Honesty
Authors: Altenburger Martin 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Research in budgeting suggests that contextual factors may have a considerable influence on budget reporting honesty. Therefore, the present study investigates managers' honesty in the presence of different social norms. While there are several studies that look at the impact of descriptive social norms (what one actually does) on managerial honesty, injunctive social norms (what one ought to do) have not received a lot of attention in the literature. As concrete actions of peers are rarely observable in the budgeting process, this study focuses on the effect of injunctive norms for honesty/opportunism on budget reporting honesty. Moreover, the role of dissenters from the norm is investigated. The results from a laboratory experiment suggest that injunctive norms can have a considerable influence on managers' budget reporting behavior because many people conform to the preferences of their peer group. However, the effect of injunctive norms decreases substantially when there are minorities that show alternative preferences. With the use of the experimental data, the expected firm profit is calculated under different contracts. As the managers show considerable levels of honesty, a trust contract should be preferred compared to a hurdle contract, which is derived from conventional economic theory. Companies should therefore consider injunctive norms as a possible device to positively affect their managers' honesty and the respective firm profit.
Mapping Quantitative Management Accounting Research 2002–2012
Authors: Herschung Florian , Mahlendorf Matthias D. , Weber Jürgen 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Following the approach of Luft and Shields (2003), this article provides a summary graphic representation (maps) of the quantitative evidence in management accounting research published from 2002 to 2012. These maps display variables, causal links, and levels of analysis for 257 studies. We allocate these studies to six maps and 29 individual sub-maps, thus providing an easily accessible overview of the quantitative evidence in management accounting. We compare our results to those provided by Luft and Shields (2003) and find that research interest in empirical quantitative management accounting has increased substantially. Additionally, the complexity of the tested models has increased. However, the maps also reveal a scarcity of replications and thus potential issues that call into question the robustness of results. Finally, we exemplify how our maps can identify research gaps and inspire future research. For example, we show how the graphical representation of combined evidence from multiple studies reveals competitive mediations that have not been explicitly tested in any individual study and that require more research.
JEL Classifications: M40; M41.
Creativity Research in Management Accounting: A Commentary
Authors: Speckbacher Gerhard 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Building on the insights from the case studies presented by Cools, Stouthuysen, and Van den Abbeele (2017) and Davila and Ditillo (2017) as well as existing literature on creativity, several suggestions for future creativity research in management accounting are made. Pointing at research in psychology and sociology, I suggest using more context-specific definitions and theories of creativity, and focusing on its process perspective. While the widely assumed tension between creativity and control is primarily driven by the “creativity maximization fallacy” and by the use of broad brush concepts of creativity and control, studying how management control systems influence the creative process of divergent and convergent thinking seems a promising task for management accounting researchers. Finally, creativity in organizations is typically a team sport and thus the relation between leadership, management control, and creativity in teams seems particularly interesting.
La generación de ambientes de aprendizaje: un análisis de la percepción juvenil
Authors: Espinoza Núñez Leonor Antonia , Rodríguez Zamora René 
Published: April 2017

En este artículo se presenta un análisis cuyo objetivo es identificar las características del ambiente de aprendizaje desde la percepción de los jóvenes estudiantes de bachillerato a partir de las necesidades escolares que garantizan el rendimiento académico y el desarrollo de competencias, considerando como principales atributos: , la interacción social, la normatividad, los recursos y la práctica docente.El ambiente de aprendizaje entendido en su complejidad sumando todos los componentes que lo integran, desde sus actores principales maestro y alumno y las actividades que desarrollan en una dinámica de interacción, las estrategias y los recursos que se utilizan para involucrar el contexto partiendo del conocimiento previo, el construir y compartir objetivos métodos y planes, todo ello con la intención de generar nuevo conocimiento, requiere una visión que trasciende el espacio áulico, refiere al mundo de la interacción del sujeto que aprende con su contexto social y con su propia habilidad para entender el mundo.Se realizó un estudio descriptivo explicativo con un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo considerando una muestra representativa de 267 jóvenes de bachillerato universitario. Se encontró que la sociohabilidad entre coetáneos es una de las características más importantes para la generación de ambientes de aprendizaje, que no ha sido considerada por las figuras que representan a las autoridades institucionales educativas, en torno a estas se mostró una insatisfacción en su vínculo de comunicación directa y confianza, a mayor rango de responsabilidad menor contacto directo hay con los estudiantes. El contacto con sus autoridades implica la oportunidad de sentirse atendido y sobre todo comprometido en la aplicación de la norma, ello le fortalece además su sentido de pertenencia e identidad con la institución. Con respecto a la normatividad se observó en los resultados que es entendida como mecanismo de control sin un respectivo seguimiento, una práctica docente cuyas estrategias están desvinculadas al contexto cotidiano en el que pueda enmarcar un aprendizaje útil y con sentido. Finalmente los resultados de este estudio pueden servir como referente para que las autoridades educativas consideren el potencial que representa el aspecto de la socialización de los jóvenes en las diferentes dimensiones que conforman las condiciones para crear ambientes de aprendizaje acordes y pertinentes a las demandas estudiantiles.
Risk factors governing the development of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis after craniotomy in patients with intracranial tumors
Authors: Gessler Florian , Bruder Markus , Duetzmann Stephan , Tritt Stephanie , Bernstock Joshua D. , Seifert Volker , Senft Christian 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVENeurosurgical intervention may increase the risk of developing cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis (CVT). The clinical management of CVT in postoperative patients remains unclear. This retrospective study explores the disease occurrence, associated risk factors, and outcomes in patients with tumors who developed CVT after craniotomy.METHODSA retrospective analysis and review of patient records in those who had undergone cranial tumor removal within the authors' neurosurgical department was performed. In so doing, the authors identified a cohort of patients who developed CVT postoperatively. The study included patients who presented to the department between January 2004 and December 2013.RESULTSOf 2286 patients with intracranial lesions who underwent craniotomy, 35 (1.5%) went on to develop CVT. The authors identified the semisitting position (OR 7.55, 95% CI 3.73–15.31, p < 0.001); intraoperative sinus injury (OR 1.5, 95% CI 3.57–15.76, p < 0.001); and known CVT risk factors (OR 7.77, 95% CI 2.28–21.39, p < 0.001) as predictors of CVT development. Of note, 19 patients (54.3%) had good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale Score 0–1), whereas 9 patients (25.7%) had suffered dependency or death (modified Rankin Scale Score 4–6) at last follow-up. Intracerebral hemorrhage (OR 21.27, 95% CI 1.59–285.01, p = 0.02) and delayed delivery of an intermediate dose of low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulation (OR 24.12, 95% CI 2.08–280.13, p = 0.01) were associated with unfavorable outcomes.CONCLUSIONSOnly a minority of patients undergoing craniotomy for tumor removal develop CVT, and the majority of those who do develop CVT recover well. Early administration of an intermediate dose of low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulation might be considered once CVT is diagnosed.
Endonasal endoscopic pituitary surgery in the elderly
Authors: Wilson Peter J. , Omay Sacit B. , Kacker Ashutosh , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVEPituitary adenomas are benign, slow-growing tumors that cause symptoms either through mass effect or hormone overproduction. The decision to operate on a healthy young person is relatively straightforward. In the elderly population, however, the risks of complications may increase, rendering the decision more complex. Few studies have documented the risks of surgery using the endonasal endoscopic approach in a large number of elderly patients. The purpose of this study was to audit a single center's data regarding outcomes of purely endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas in elderly patients and to compare them to the current literature.METHODSA retrospective review of a prospectively acquired database of all endonasal endoscopic surgeries done by the senior authors was queried for patients aged 60–69 years and for those aged 70 years or older. Demographic and radiographic preoperative data were reviewed. Outcomes with respect to extent of resection and complications were examined and compared with appropriate statistical tests.RESULTSA total of 135 patents were identified (81 aged 60–69 years and 54 aged 70 years or older [70+]). The average tumor diameter was slightly larger for the patients in the 70+ age group (mean [SD] 25.7 ± 9.2 mm) than for patients aged 60–69 years (23.1 ± 9.8 mm, p = 0.056). There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss (p > 0.99), length of stay (p = 0.22), or duration of follow-up (p = 0.21) between the 2 groups. There was a 7.4% complication rate in patients aged 60–69 years (3 nasal and 3 medical complications) and an 18.5% complication rate in patients older than 70 years (4 cranial, 3 nasal, 1 visual, and 2 medical complications; p = 0.05 overall and 0.013 for cranial complications). Cranial complications in the 70+ age category included 2 postoperative hematomas, 1 pseudoaneurysm formation, and 1 case of symptomatic subdural hygromas.CONCLUSIONSEndonasal endoscopic surgery in elderly patients is safe, but there is a graded increase in complication rates with increasing age. The decision to operate on an asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patient in these age groups should take this increasing complication rate into account. The use of a lumbar drain or lumbar punctures should be weighed against the risk of subdural hematoma in patients with preexisting atrophy.