bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Probiotics in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Lavekar Anurag S , Raje Dhananjay V , Lavekar Amarja A 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
Despite extensive ongoing research, there is scarcity of widely accepted therapeutic options for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Probiotics are a promising treatment option for treating NAFLD; however, their effectiveness needs to be established. Since any single randomized controlled trial (RCT) cannot establish the role of probiotics in the treatment of NAFLD, this study aims at meta-analysis of different RCTs.

Materials and methods
Extensive search was done by two independent observers for RCTs studying the role of probiotics in the treatment of NAFLD. The parameters under consideration were body mass index (BMI), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum triglycerides (TGs), and ultrasonographic grades of fatty liver. Jadad scale was used to select the articles for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity in the results was evaluated using chi-square test and I2. Significant heterogeneity in the results was decided based on p-value < 0.05 and the corresponding I2 close to 0%.

Results
Seven studies qualified for meta-analysis. Use of probiotics significantly caused reduction in BMI (p < 0.0001), ALT (p < 0.0001), AST (< 0.0001), HOMA-IR (p = 0.006), and ultrasonographic grade of fatty liver (p = 0.0051). Heterogeneity in other parameters was contributed mainly by couple of previous studies.

Conclusion
Meta-analysis shows that variety of parameters has significant improvement after probiotic treatment in different RCTs. However, the magnitude of improvement is not uniform across studies due to varying strains, dose patterns, and treatment duration. In future, probiotics remain a promising option for treating NAFLD.

How to cite this article
Lavekar AS, Raje DV, Manohar T, Lavekar AA. Role of Probiotics in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-analysis. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(2):130-137.
Adrenal Insufficiency in Cirrhosis Patients: Evaluation of 108 Case Series
Authors: Rakici Hali 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
Adrenal insufficiency (AI) in cirrhosis is an issue that has recently gained momentum. It can be seen in both stable and critically ill (sepsis, septic shock, and gastrointestinal system bleeding) cirrhotic patients. Its prevalence exists in a wide range since standardization of diagnostic methods is lacking. We aimed to scrutinize this issue in a 108 case series.

Materials and methods
We studied the presence of AI and its stage in patients with cirrhosis and its complications by using cross-sectional study. Standard-dose short synacthen test (SD-SST) was performed in 108 patients that had Child C decompensated cirrhosis without critical illness and it was aimed to determine the prevalence of AI based on basal cortisol, peak cortisol, and delta cortisol (basal total cortisol minus peak cortisol after stimulation) levels.

Results
The prevalence of AI in cirrhosis was found to be 25% based on basal cortisol level of <140 nmol/L, 22.2% based on delta cortisol level of <250 nmol/L, and 29.6% based on peak cortisol level of <500 nmol/L.

Conclusion
Prevalence of AI shows variation in decompensated cirrhosis without critical illness depending on different measures used. More definite results can be obtained when more standardized criteria are widely put into use.

How to cite this article
Rakici H. Adrenal Insufficiency in Cirrhosis Patients: Evaluation of 108 Case Series. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(2):150-153.
Protective Effect of Adhesive Systems associated with Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser on Enamel Erosive/Abrasive Wear
Authors: Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Attin Thomas , Crastechini Erica , Borges Alessandra B , Becker Klaus 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study evaluated the efficacy of self-etching adhesive systems associated or not associated with the neodymiumdoped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser on the protection against enamel erosive/abrasive wear.

Materials and methods
Bovine enamel specimens were demineralized with 0.3% citric acid (5 minutes). The samples were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 20): SB – Single Bond Universal (3M/ESPE); SB+L – Single Bond Universal + laser (80 mJ/10 Hz); FB – Futurabond U (Voco); FB+L – Futurabond U + laser; GEN – G-aenial bond (GC); GEN+L – G-aenial bond + laser; L – laser irradiation; and C – no treatment. The laser was applied before light curing. The samples were subjected to erosive/abrasive challenges (0.3% citric acid – 2 minutes and tooth brushing four times daily for 5 days). Enamel surface loss was recovered profilometrically by comparison of baseline and final profiles. The adhesive layer thickness, retention percentage of the protective layer, and microhardness of cured adhesive were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (5%).

Results
There were significant differences for all parameters (p = 0.0001). Mean values ± SD and results of the Tukey's test were: Surface wear: GEN – 4.88 (±1.09)a, L – 5.04 ± 0.99)a, FB – 5.32 (±0.93)ab, GEN + L – 5.46 (±1.27)abc, SB + L – 5.78 (±1.12)abc, FB + L – 6.23 (±1.25)bc, SB – 6.35 (±1.11)c, and C – 6.46 (±0.61)c; layer thickness: GEN – 15.2 (±8.63)c, FB – 5.06 (±1.96)a, GEN + L – 13.96 (±7.07)bc, SB + L – 4.24 (±2.68)a, FB + L – 9.03 (±13.02)abc, and SB – 7.49 (±2.80)ab; retention: GEN – 68.89 (±20.62)c, FB – 54.53 (±24.80)abc, GEN + L – 59.90 (±19.79)abc, SB + L – 63.37 (±19.30)bc, FB + L – 42.23 (±17.68) a, and SB – 47.78 (±18.29)ab; microhardness: GEN – 9.27 (±1.75)c; FB – 6.99 (±0.89)b; GEN + L – 6.22 (±0.87)ab; SB + L – 15.48 (±2.51)d; FB + L – 10.67 (±1.58)c; SB – 5.00 (±1.60)a.

Conclusion
The application of Futurabond U and G-aenial bond on enamel surface, as well as the Nd:YAG laser irradiation alone, was able to reduce the enamel wear. The use of laser after the adhesive systems did not improve their efficacy.

Clinical significance
Erosive/abrasive wear is a prevalent condition in clinical practice affecting many patients. The association of adhesive systems and Nd:YAG laser is of considerable clinical interest because it assesses new treatments to reduce the erosive/abrasive wear that would help dentists in clinical treatment decisions to reduce enamel wear and achieve a successful treatment.

How to cite this article
Crastechini E, Borges AB, Becker K, Attin T, Torres CRG. Protective Effect of Adhesive Systems associated with Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser on Enamel Erosive/Abrasive Wear. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):859-866.
Influence of Energy Beverages on the Surface Texture of Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials
Authors: Al-Samadani Khalid H 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Background and objective
The objective of the study was to find whether energy beverages have an erosive effect, leading to a risk in the clinical performance of glass ionomer restorative materials.

Aim
This study evaluated the influence of energy beverages on the surface texture of glass ionomer restorative materials.

Materials and methods
Glass ionomer materials used were Ionofil Plus AC, GC EQUIA, and Ketac Molar; energy beverages are Code Red, Red Bull, and Power Horse. Specimens prepared were discs of 8 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness; specimens from each material were evaluated following aging with Code Red, Red Bull, and Power Horse energy beverages. Distilled water was used as a control. The surface roughness (Ra) was assessed by surface scanning interferometry. The surface roughness values (∆Ra and Ra) were measured for each specimen. The data were analyzed statistically using multiple repeated measures [analysis of variance (ANOVA)] and paired data t-test (p < 0.05 was considered as the significance level).

Results
The surface roughness (∆Ra and Ra) values before and after aging using Code Red, Red Bull, and Power Horse energy beverages differ significantly for all the materials regardless of the immersion time (p < 0.05). All the materials showed roughness changes after immersion periods of 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that all energy beverage solutions used in this study had an adverse effect on the surface roughness degradation of the tested glass ionomers with increasing immersion time.

Clinical significance
Energy beverages have an erosive effect on glass ionomer, which influences the clinical importance of the material; it also has anticarious property because it releases the fluoride.

How to cite this article
Al-Samadani KH. Influence of Energy Beverages on the Surface Texture of Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):937-942.
Morphology of the Dentin–resin Interface yielded by Two-step Etch-and-rinse Adhesives with Different Solvents
Authors: Ferreira Joao Cardoso , Pires Patrícia T , de Azevedo Álvaro F , Arantes-Oliveira Sofia , Silva Mário J , de Melo Paulo R 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The study aimed to analyze the morphology of the dentin–resin interface yielded by two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems with different solvents and compositions.

Materials and methods
A total of 32 dentine disks were prepared and randomly assigned to four groups of one-bottle etchand-rinse adhesive systems containing different solvents: group I, Adper Scotchbond-1XT™ (ethanol/water); group II, XP-Bond™ (tertiary butanol); group III, Prime and Bond NT® (acetone); and group IV, One Coat bond® (5% water). Adhesive systems were applied onto dentin disks, which were then thermal cycled, divided into two hemi-disks (n = 16), and prepared for field-emission scanning electron microscopy to examine the dentin–resin interdiffusion zone. Microphotographs were scanned and data were processed. Data were compared with analysis of variance multivariant test after Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests using Statistic Package for the Social Sciences.

Results
The adhesive layer thickness average found was group I: 45.9 ± 13.41 μm, group II: 20.6 ± 16.32 μm, group III: 17.7 ± 11.75 μm, and group IV: 50.7 ± 27.81 μm. Significant differences were found between groups I and IV and groups II and III (p<0.000).
Groups I (3.23 ± 0.53 μm) and II (3.13 ± 0.73 μm) yielded significantly thicker hybrid layers than groups III (2.53 ± 0.50 μm) and IV (1.84 ± 0.27 μm) (p<0.003). Group III presented a less homogeneous hybrid layer, with some gaps. Tag length average was greater in groups II (111.0 ± 36.92 μm) and IV (128.9 ± 78.38 μm) than in groups I (61.5 ± 18.10 μm) and III (68.6 ± 15.84 μm) (p<0.008).

Conclusion
Adhesives systems with different solvents led to significant differences in the dentin–resin interface morphology. Solvents role in adhesives bond strength should be considered together with the other adhesive system components.

Clinical significance
The adhesive containing tertiary butanol, in addition, seems to originate a good-quality hybrid layer and long, entangled tags and also appears to have greater ability to originate microtags, which may indicate higher bond strength.

How to cite this article
Ferreira JC, Pires PT, de Azevedo ÁF, Arantes-Oliveira S, Silva MJ, de Melo PR. Morphology of the Dentin–resin Interface yielded by Two-step Etch-and-rinse Adhesives with Different Solvents. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):947-958.
Trabajo en equipo y estilos de aprendizaje en la educación superior
Authors: Lerís López Dolores , Letosa Fleta Jesús , Usón Sardaña Antonio , Allueva Torres Pedro , Bueno García Concepción 
Published: October 2017

El diseño pedagógico para la formación y evaluación de la competencia de trabajo en equipo ha de tener en cuenta los factores que influyen y mejoran la eficacia de los equipos. El modelo Inputs-Mediators-Outputs, ampliamente utilizado en el contexto de las organizaciones, conceptualiza esos factores en tres fases; en la primera de ellas, Inputs, se reúnen los aspectos de entrada que pueden afectar el funcionamiento del equipo y, en particular, se describe el valor de la heterogeneidad de los miembros de un equipo como variable que favorece la eficacia de ciertos tipos de equipos. En este artículo, se presenta una investigación de un caso en la educación superior, en el que se ha generado un grupo experimental de equipos de composición heterogénea en cuanto a los estilos de aprendizaje preferentes de sus miembros y un grupo de control de equipos constituidos aleatoriamente, con el fin de contrastar la influencia de esa diferente composición con el rendimiento académico. Los resultados obtenidos en el estudio indican que no hay diferencias significativas entre el grupo experimental y el de control en cuanto a las calificaciones del alumnado; si bien, queda patente que el curso en el que se realizó el estudio se produjo un incremento sustancial del número de estudiantes que permanecieron en las asignaturas en comparación con los tres cursos anteriores. Por otro lado, se ha demostrado que el rol de coordinador está ligado al estilo de aprendizaje activo; a nuestro juicio, este dato parece revelar que es oportuno avanzar en esta línea de investigación, probando otro tipo de combinaciones de estilos.
Declining to Decline: Aged Tough Guys in 'The Expendables' and 'The Expendables 2'
Authors: Bühring Lisa-Nike 
Published: October 2017

Old age in western cultures under current neo-liberal ideology is increasingly linked to notions of decline, frailty and dependence as it is often equated with being unproductive and a burden to society. This case study is based on the belief that in order to change socio-cultural patterns one must first understand them. Consequently, this article aims to analyse the socio-cultural (re)production of narratives of ageing in general and particularly of narratives of male ageing – a topic often neglected in academic debates of ageing.Mass media represent today a major source for the development and maintenance of hegemonic socio-cultural standards. As such their products need to be taken seriously even if their content might seem superficial and frivolous. A critical analysis of the commercially highly successful Hollywood action films The Expendables and The Expendables 2 will shed light on the cultural narratives of male ageing revealed in the two films and subsequently support a better understanding of the strategies used to transform narratives of decline commonly linked to ageing into stories of success and progress.
Comparison of Assigned Values from Participants’ Results, Spiked Concentrations of Test Samples, and Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometric Results in Proficiency Testing for Pesticide Residue Analysis
Authors: Yarita Takashi , Otake Takamitsu , Aoyagi Yoshie , Takasaka Noriko , Suzuki Tatsuya , Watanabe Takaho 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The Hatano Research Institute (HRI) at the Food and Drug Safety Center has recently organized a series of proficiency-testing (PT) programs called the “External Quality Control for Food Hygiene” in order to evaluate the analytical capability of testing laboratories that inspect food samples in accordance with the Food Sanitation Act. In one of these programs, Pesticide I, consensus values calculated from the participants’ analytical results were used as assigned values, and the spiked concentrations of the prepared test samples were used for evaluating variation among individual participants. In the present study, the values obtained in the 2013–2015 rounds have been assessed by comparing the analytical results of the target pesticides obtained by using two different isotope-dilution MS (IDMS) methods. These two IDMS methods are based on a combination of different pretreatment protocols and different GC separation columns. The weighted means of the observed analytical results were higher than the corresponding assigned values, but showed good agreement with the spiked concentrations. These results indicate that the spiking concentrations of the test sample from HRI are reliable, and therefore, these values can be used to evaluate the trueness of the participants’ analytical method.
New public management and the reform of education: European lessons for policy and practice
Authors: Parcerisa Lluís 
Published: October 2017

En los últimos años, las reformas de Nueva Gestión Pública (NGP) se han intensificado en todo el mundo, convirtiéndose en una pieza central en la agenda educativa global. En consecuencia, muchos países europeos han emprendido procesos de modernización inspirados por la NGP (que en ocasiones, se combina con políticas pro-privatización), que están transformando los modos de gobierno y el ethos del sector público (Gunter, Grimaldi, Hall y Serpieri, 2016).
Le pilotage par les résultats, un « mal nécessaire » pour les enseignants ? Analyse mixte des perceptions des enseignants du primaire quant à un système d’évaluation externe en Suisse romande
Authors: Yerly Gonzague 
Published: October 2017

Notre recherche entend contribuer à une meilleure compréhension du rapport qu’entretiennent les enseignants avec les outils standardisés de pilotage des systèmes éducatifs. Cet article propose l’analyse des perceptions d’enseignants du primaire quant à un système d’évaluation externe des acquis des élèves dans la scolarité primaire du canton de Fribourg en Suisse. Dans ce contexte, différents types d’examens externes de fin de cycle (épreuve de référence en 2ème et 4ème année ; épreuve d’orientation en 6ème) doivent permettre aux enseignants d’ajuster leurs pratiques didactiques. Une approche de recherche mixte a été choisie pour interroger l’expérience d’enseignants du primaire (1ère à 6ème), par entretiens individuels (N=16) et par un questionnaire (N=305). Les résultats de notre étude montrent que l’évaluation externe est généralement considérée par les enseignantes interrogés comme un «mal nécessaire». D’une part, les enseignants peuvent considérer l’évaluation externe comme utile pour leurs pratiques, surtout afin de se rassurer. Ils trouvent également les outils d’évaluation de qualité et en cohésion avec leurs pratiques en classe. D’autre part, les enseignants interrogés peuvent ressentir une certaine pression face aux épreuves, ayant notamment le sentiment que se sont davantage leurs propres compétences qui sont évaluées plutôt que celles de leurs élèves. En conclusion, il semble que le regard « ambivalent » des enseignants s’explique par le fait que l’évaluation externe les place dans une tension entre contrôle et formation. Cette tension est créée à la fois par les enjeux liés aux résultats des élèves et à l’implantation de ces dispositifs sur le terrain.
Les enseignants québécois à l’épreuve de la « gestion axée sur les résultats ». Une étude qualitative dans quatre établissements secondaires
Authors: Maroy Christian , Mathou Cécile , Vaillancourt Samuel 
Published: October 2017

Au cours des années 15 dernières années, le Québec (Canada) a développé une politique d’accountability - appelée Gestion axée sur les résultats (GAR) - qui touche l’ensemble du secteur de l’éducation obligatoire de cette province. Cette politique se déploie à tous les niveaux du système éducatif (ministère, commissions scolaires et établissements) et met en place de nouveaux outils de planification et de contractualisation, ainsi que des outils statistiques qui permettent de rendre visibles les résultats (académiques) et d’établir des cibles de performances. La GAR implique une visée de changement des pratiques des enseignants pour les rendre plus « efficaces » et ainsi contribuer à réaliser les objectifs des politiques ministérielles : améliorer les taux de diplomation, les taux de réussite, réduire le décrochage scolaire. Dans cet article nous analysons les réactions des enseignants de quatre établissements secondaires face aux demandes de changement des pratiques pédagogiques qui leur sont signifiées par les gestionnaires scolaires. Pour ce faire, nous nous basons sur la typologie des réponses aux politiques éducatives développées par Cynthia Coburn (2004). Notre analyse montre que les réponses les plus fréquentes sont le rejet et l’accommodation, mais aussi le renoncement à certaines pratiques souhaitées, soit des pratiques « empêchées » par la mise en œuvre de la GAR, un type de réponse qui s’ajoute donc à la typologie de Coburn. Nous montrons aussi que ces réponses et leurs significations varient selon les pratiques concernées par l’injonction institutionnelle mais aussi en fonction du contexte de l’établissement scolaire et des diverses stratégies et configurations d’acteurs que l’on y retrouve.
Les communautés d’apprentissage professionnelles : un mode de fonctionnement pour opérationnaliser la reddition de comptes
Authors: Bouchamma Yamina , April Daniel , Basque Marc 
Published: October 2017

L’instauration des politiques de redditions de comptes en éducation vise entre autres le contrôle et l’efficacité du travail des enseignants. Dans le contexte actuel où l’on préconise la collaboration dans le milieu scolaire, nous considérons la communauté d’apprentissage professionnelle (CAP) comme un nouveau moyen qui assure la reddition de comptes.Cette recherche qualitative vise à : (a) décrire la responsabilité des acteurs scolaires dans un fonctionnement en CAP et (b) montrer en quoi l'accompagnement par la CAP contribue à une redéfinition du professionnalisme enseignant, et ce, dans une perspective de reddition de comptes.Un cadre conceptuel construit à partir de trois concepts clés, soit la CAP, la reddition de comptes et le professionnalisme guide cette étude qui est menée par entrevues semi-structurées auprès de directions d’établissements, d’enseignants, de professionnels et de conseillers pédagogiques (N=42) du Québec et du Nouveau-Brunswick. Les résultats montrent que les acteurs des 12 CAP de l’étude : se dotent de ressources matérielles, physiques et temporelles; fixent des objectifs et clarifient les rôles; assurent l’animation; font preuve d’un leadership partagé; assurent leur propre développement et contribuent au développement des autres membres; amènent la CAP vers la maturité et utilisent des résultats issus de données. Une CAP mature assure de meilleurs résultats, ce qui permet d’atteindre subséquemment les objectifs visés par l’établissement scolaire et d’assurer la reddition des comptes.
Queering I Am Not Your Negro: or Why We Need James Baldwin More Than Ever
Authors: Corber Robert J. 
Published: October 2017

The author reviews Raoul Peck’s 2016 film, I Am Not Your Negro, finding it a remarkable
achievement as a documentary that breaks with cinematic conventions and emphasizes the
importance of listening as much as looking. The director has singled out Baldwin as the
writer whose work spoke most directly to his own identity and experience during his
peripatetic childhood in Haiti and Africa, and in I Am Not Your Negro, Peck aims to ensure
that Baldwin’s words will have a similar effect on audiences. However, even as it succeeds
in reanimating Baldwin’s voice for a new political era, I Am Not Your Negro inadvertently
exposes the difficulty of fully capturing or honoring the writer’s complex legacy. As
scholars have long noted, interest in Baldwin’s life and work tends to divide along racial
and sexual lines, and Peck’s documentary is no exception. The filmmaker
privileges Baldwin’s blackness over his queerness by overlooking the parts of The
Devil Finds Work and No Name in the Street in which the writer’s queerness
figures prominently.