bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Lachancea thermotolerans on cv. Emir wine fermentation
Authors: Balikci Eren Kemal , Tanguler Hasan , Jolly Neil P. , Erten Huseyin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe present paper describes the behaviour of Lachancea thermotolerans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in pure, co‐cultured and sequential fermentations in cv. Emir grape must. Faster fermentation rates were observed in wine made with a pure culture of S. cerevisiae and wine produced with simultaneously inoculated cultures of L. thermotolerans and S. cerevisiae. Both L. thermotolerans and S. cerevisiae gave high population numbers. The use of L. thermotolerans in mixed and sequential cultures led to an increase in final total acidity content in the wines, varying in the range 5.40–6.28 g/l (as tartaric acid), compared to pure culture S. cerevisiae, which gave the lowest level of total acidity (5 g/l). The increase was in the order of 1.18–2.06 g/l total acidity. Increase in final acidity by the use of L. thermotolerans might be useful to improve wines with low acidity due to global climate change. Volatile acidity levels (as acetic acid) were in the range 0.53–0.73 g/l, while the concentration of ethyl alcohol varied in the range 10.76–11.62% v/v. Sequential fermentations of wines and pure culture fermentation of L. thermotolerans resulted in reduction in the concentrations of acetaldehyde and higher alcohols, with exception of N‐propanol and esters. According to the sensory analysis, wine obtained with sequential inoculation of L. thermotolerans followed by inoculation of S. cerevisiae after 24 h, and simultaneous inoculation of these yeasts, was the most preferred. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amputation Versus Limb‐Salvage Surgery in Patients with Osteosarcoma: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Han Gang , Bi Wen‐Zhi , Xu Meng , Jia Jin‐Peng , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis meta‐analysis compared survival and function in patients with limb osteosarcoma treated with limb‐salvage surgery (LSS) versus amputation or rotationplasty.MethodsMedline, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched until November 30, 2015 for studies reporting Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scores and survival rates in osteosarcoma patients. Differences between patients undergoing LSS versus ablative surgery were analyzed based on MSTS scores and postoperative survival rates.ResultsOf 1330 patients in the studies analyzed, 934 underwent LSS, and 662 were treated with amputation. A random‐effects model was applied due to heterogeneity among studies (Q statistic = 1.829, I2 = 0 %, p = 0.767). No difference was found in post‐operative local recurrence rate between amputees and patients receiving LSS. The 5‐year survival rate was significantly lower with amputation compared with LSS (OR 0.628; 95 % CI 0.431–0.913, p = 0.015). The 2‐year survival rate was not different between amputation and LSS. In addition, amputees had lower MSTS scores than those undergoing LSS (difference in means = −4.46 %, 95 % CI 6.49–2.45 %, p < 0.001).ConclusionsLSS results in higher 5‐year survival rates and better functional outcomes as indicated by MSTS scores in patients with limb osteosarcomas.
Enhanced isopropanol and n-butanol production by supplying exogenous acetic acid via co-culturing two clostridium strains from cassava bagasse hydrolysate
Authors: Zhang Shaozhi , Qu Chunyun , Huang Xiaoyan , Suo Yukai , Liao Zhengping , Wang Jufang 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The focus of this study was to produce isopropanol and butanol (IB) from dilute sulfuric acid treated cassava bagasse hydrolysate (SACBH), and improve IB production by co-culturing Clostridium beijerinckii (C. beijerinckii) with Clostridium tyrobutyricum (C. tyrobutyricum) in an immobilized-cell fermentation system. Concentrated SACBH could be converted to solvents efficiently by immobilized pure culture of C. beijerinckii. Considerable solvent concentrations of 6.19 g/L isopropanol and 12.32 g/L butanol were obtained from batch fermentation, and the total solvent yield and volumetric productivity were 0.42 g/g and 0.30 g/L/h, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of isopropanol and butanol increased to 7.63 and 13.26 g/L, respectively, under the immobilized co-culture conditions when concentrated SACBH was used as the carbon source. The concentrations of isopropanol and butanol from the immobilized co-culture fermentation were, respectively, 42.62 and 25.45 % higher than the production resulting from pure culture fermentation. The total solvent yield and volumetric productivity increased to 0.51 g/g and 0.44 g/L/h when co-culture conditions were utilized. Our results indicated that SACBH could be used as an economically favorable carbon source or substrate for IB production using immobilized fermentation. Additionally, IB production could be significantly improved by co-culture immobilization, which provides extracellular acetic acid to C. beijerinckii from C. tyrobutyricum. This study provided a technically feasible and cost-efficient way for IB production using cassava bagasse, which may be suitable for industrial solvent production.
Appropriateness of newborn screening for classic galactosaemia: a systematic review
Authors: Varela‐Lema L. , Paz‐Valinas L. , Atienza‐Merino G. , Zubizarreta‐Alberdi R. , Villares R. Vizoso , López‐García M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCurrently, there is no universal agreement on galactosaemia screening, fundamentally because of the risk‐benefit uncertainties. We conducted two exhaustive systematic searches in the main electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, etc.) to recover relevant information about the disease and screening test/s in order to support decision making in Spain. All of the 45 studies identified that covered disease issues were retrospective case series or cross‐sectional analysis (level‐4 evidence). Studies consistently found that the majority of patients presented characteristic symptomatology before diagnosis. Long term disabilities were not significantly correlated with age of diagnosis, onset of dietary restriction or strict diet compliance. The five studies that provided accuracy data used different cut‐off points and verification tests, and thus differed in their definitions of a positive case (level‐3b evidence). The estimated sensitivity was 100 % and the specificity 99.9 %. The false‐positive rate ranged from 0.0005 % to 0.25 %, and the PPV from 0 % to 64.3 %. The comparative clinical effectiveness in relation to not screening or implementation of other programs is unknown. In summary, existing evidence remains insufficient to establish the appropriateness of newborn screening for galactosaemia screening, although health benefits could be expected if early diagnosis and treatment is achieved. If screening is implemented in Spain, it would be important that a pilot programme be implemented to assess false positive rate and ensure that early diagnosis is not delayed.
Links between energy access and food security in sub Saharan Africa: an exploratory review
Authors: Sola Phosiso , Ochieng Caroline , Yila Jummai , Iiyama Miyuki 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Three quarters of the population in Sub Saharan Africa lacks access to modern energy, and relies instead on biomass fuels for cooking and heating. The environment and health implications of the use of biomass fuel has been widely documented in the literature, and has raised the topic of energy access in various policy and development arenas. Still, the impact of energy access on food security at the household level has not been explored in detail; consequently the two sectoral policies remain unaligned. Our aims for this review were to document how lack of access to energy can impact on food security through influence on dietary choices and cooking practices; and how reallocation of household resources from food to energy procurement causes a switch to biomass energy forms of lower grade. We searched the literature for published peer-reviewed articles available through major online publication databases, initially identifying 132 articles but finally reviewing a set of 19 that met our criteria. While most studies suggested that fuelwood scarcity can affect food security through three hypothesised pathways, very few of them provided empirical data to support this argument. Overall, the review found coping measures for woodfuel scarcity to be highly contextual and influenced by geography, household economy and labour availability. Due to the limited number of studies with detailed data, it was not possible to perform a comparative analysis that could support or refute a hypothesis that lack of access to energy can impact on food security. More rigorous studies on this topic are needed which could provide evidence for policy action.
Conditional Representation: Presidential Rhetoric, Public Opinion, and the Representation of African American Interests
Authors: Nteta Tatishe M. , Rhodes Jesse H. , Tarsi Melinda R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractConventional theories of presidential representation suggest that presidents avoid courting African Americans for fear of alienating white voters, leading to the underrepresentation of “black interests.” We argue that presidential representation of black interests is conditional: when (1) African Americans prioritize issues other than economic redistribution and civil rights and (2) when these priorities overlap with those of whites, presidents should provide considerable representation of those interests. We test our theory using two new sources of data: a dataset of black and white perceptions of the US's most important problem between 1968 and 2012; and a quantitative content analysis of over 200 major presidential speeches from 1969-2012. We find that presidents provide substantial representation of black interests, but only when these interests center on non-racialized concerns and overlap with the priorities of whites. We also find that presidential priorities are often independent of the chief concerns of both African Americans and whites.
Relationship between human disturbance and Endangered giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca habitat use in the Daxiangling Mountains
Authors: Zhao Cheng , Yue Bisong , Ran Jianghong , Moermond Timothy , Hou Ning , Yang Xuyu , Gu Xiaodong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Endangered giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca is one of the most threatened mammals. The species has experienced declines in its population and habitat as a result of human disturbance. We investigated the influence of human disturbance on habitat use by giant pandas in the Daxiangling Mountains, in China's Sichuan Province. We mapped all signs of giant panda and all locations of seven types of human disturbance in the study area. We used correlation analysis, generalized linear models, and Akaike information criteria to analyse the influence of the various types of human disturbances on habitat use by the giant panda. Our results showed that habitat use was positively correlated with elevation and distance from roads, residences, hydropower stations and logging or tree-felling sites, but negatively correlated with distance from bamboo shoot collection sites and trap sites. We found that the road-effect zone spanned a distance of c. 1,200 m and that human residence could affect the intensity of habitat use by giant pandas at distances > 2,500 m. The effect of roads on habitat use was probably influenced by the association of roads with residences, hydropower stations and mines. In the area occupied by giant pandas, we recommend increased regulation to minimize the expansion and impact of roads, residences, hydropower stations and logging activities.
Regional differences in long-term cycles and seasonality of Puumala virus infections, Finland, 1995–2014
Authors: SANE J. , OLLGREN J. , MAKARY P. , VAPALAHTI O. , KUUSI M. , LYYTIKÄINEN O. 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYPuumala hantavirus (PUUV) causes haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans, an endemic disease in Finland. We aimed to study recent trends in PUUV infections in Finland, to evaluate whether there are regional differences in seasonality and long-term cycles and whether the patterns have changed over time. We analysed serologically confirmed acute PUUV infections reported to the National Infectious Disease Register from 1 April 1995 to 31 March 2014. A total of 30 942 cases of PUUV infections were identified during the study period. The average annual incidence was 31 cases/100 000 person-years with the highest in Eastern Finland and the lowest in Southwestern Finland. Throughout Finland there was not an increasing trend in incidence but changes in incidence, seasonality and long-term cycles differed regionally. Long-term cycles supported by high Bayesian posterior probabilities (73–100%) differed between the south and the north, shifting from 3 to 4 years, respectively. Temporal changes in seasonality were most prominent in Southwestern Finland. The pattern of human PUUV infection epidemiology probably primarily reflects the spatio-temporal interaction between bank-vole population dynamics and climate.
Unusual rotavirus genotypes in humans and animals with acute diarrhoea in Northeast India
Authors: CHAKRABORTY P. , BHATTACHARJEE M. J. , SHARMA I. , PANDEY P. , BARMAN N. N. 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYRotavirus (RV) infection causes acute infantile diarrhoea in humans and animals and remains a major concern for vaccine development. The close proximity of humans to animals may foster cross-species infection resulting in the emergence of novel/unusual strains by genetic reassortment. In this study, we characterized 500 diarrhoeal samples for group A rotaviruses (RVA) from children (n= 290), piglets (n= 95) and calves (n= 115) in Northeast India during 2012–2013. The data showed that 142/500 (28·4%) faecal samples were positive for RVA with the highest level of infection detected in piglets (57/142, 40·1%) followed by children (51/142, 35·9%) and calves (34/142, 23·9%). Sequence-based G- and P-typing showed G1P[8] (25%) and G1P[7] (35%) were the prevailing genotypes in both humans and animals. Single cases of unusual genotypes, i.e. G9P[8], G5P[8] in humans and G1P[13], G1P[23] and G3P[7] in animals were also identified. Cluster analyses of the sequences showed regional strains were genetically closer to their homologous strains. However, human G5P[8] and porcine G1P[8] strains showed homology to heterologous hosts of their prototype strains. The subsequent global spread of unusual RV strains may result in their establishment over time, presenting challenges to future vaccine evaluation programmes. More studies on emerging genotypes are required to elucidate how RVA strains evolve post-vaccination. This study supports the need for continuous surveillance of RVA infections after detecting from diverse hosts in a common setting.
The effects of risk aversion and density of contribution on comparisons of administrative charges in individual account pension systems
Authors: CHAVEZ-BEDOYA LUIS 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper studies the effects of risk aversion and density of contribution (DoC) on comparisons of proportional charges on flow (contributions) and balance (assets) during the accumulation phase of a defined-contribution pension plan in a system of individual retirement accounts. If the participant's degree of risk aversion increases and both charges yield the same expected terminal wealth, then the charge on balance improves with respect to the charge on flow when performing comparisons that examine the ratio between the resulting expected utilities of terminal wealth. When this methodology is applied to the Peruvian Private Pension System, empirical results demonstrate that the aforementioned result also holds for arbitrary charges on flow and balance and that the effect of DoC on these comparisons is nearly negligible for most of the assessed scenarios.
Elasticity-induced force reversal between active spinning particles in dense passive media
Authors: Aragones J. L. , Steimel J. P. , Alexander-Katz A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe self-organization of active particles is governed by their dynamic effective interactions. Such interactions are controlled by the medium in which such active agents reside. Here we study the interactions between active agents in a dense non-active medium. Our system consists of actuated, spinning, active particles embedded in a dense monolayer of passive, or non-active, particles. We demonstrate that the presence of the passive monolayer alters markedly the properties of the system and results in a reversal of the forces between active spinning particles from repulsive to attractive. The origin of such reversal is due to the coupling between the active stresses and elasticity of the system. This discovery provides a mechanism for the interaction between active agents in complex and structured media, opening up opportunities to tune the interaction range and directionality via the mechanical properties of the medium.
Line tension at lipid phase boundaries as driving force for HIV fusion peptide-mediated fusion
Authors: Yang Sung-Tae , Kiessling Volker , Tamm Lukas K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLipids and proteins are organized in cellular membranes in clusters, often called ‘lipid rafts’. Although raft-constituent ordered lipid domains are thought to be energetically unfavourable for membrane fusion, rafts have long been implicated in many biological fusion processes. For the case of HIV gp41-mediated membrane fusion, this apparent contradiction can be resolved by recognizing that the interfaces between ordered and disordered lipid domains are the predominant sites of fusion. Here we show that line tension at lipid domain boundaries contributes significant energy to drive gp41-fusion peptide-mediated fusion. This energy, which depends on the hydrophobic mismatch between ordered and disordered lipid domains, may contribute tens of kBT to fusion, that is, it is comparable to the energy required to form a lipid stalk intermediate. Line-active compounds such as vitamin E lower line tension in inhomogeneous membranes, thereby inhibit membrane fusion, and thus may be useful natural viral entry inhibitors.
Strong nonlinear terahertz response induced by Dirac surface states in Bi2Se3 topological insulator
Authors: Giorgianni Flavio , Chiadroni Enrica , Rovere Andrea , Cestelli-Guidi Mariangela , Perucchi Andrea , Bellaveglia Marco , Castellano Michele , Di Giovenale Domenico , Di Pirro Giampiero , Ferrario Massimo , Pompili Riccardo , Vaccarezza Cristina , Villa Fabio , Cianchi Alessandro , Mostacci Andrea , Petrarca Massimo , Brahlek Matthew , Koirala Nikesh , Oh Seongshik , Lupi Stefano 
Published: April 2016

AbstractElectrons with a linear energy/momentum dispersion are called massless Dirac electrons and represent the low-energy excitations in exotic materials such as graphene and topological insulators. Dirac electrons are characterized by notable properties such as a high mobility, a tunable density and, in topological insulators, a protection against backscattering through the spin–momentum locking mechanism. All those properties make graphene and topological insulators appealing for plasmonics applications. However, Dirac electrons are expected to present also a strong nonlinear optical behaviour. This should mirror in phenomena such as electromagnetic-induced transparency and harmonic generation. Here we demonstrate that in Bi2Se3 topological insulator, an electromagnetic-induced transparency is achieved under the application of a strong terahertz electric field. This effect, concomitantly determined by harmonic generation and charge-mobility reduction, is exclusively related to the presence of Dirac electron at the surface of Bi2Se3, and opens the road towards tunable terahertz nonlinear optical devices based on topological insulator materials.
Protein-directed self-assembly of a fullerene crystal
Authors: Kim Kook-Han , Ko Dong-Kyun , Kim Yong-Tae , Kim Nam Hyeong , Paul Jaydeep , Zhang Shao-Qing , Murray Christopher B. , Acharya Rudresh , DeGrado William F. , Kim Yong Ho , Grigoryan Gevorg 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLearning to engineer self-assembly would enable the precise organization of molecules by design to create matter with tailored properties. Here we demonstrate that proteins can direct the self-assembly of buckminsterfullerene (C60) into ordered superstructures. A previously engineered tetrameric helical bundle binds C60in solution, rendering it water soluble. Two tetramers associate with one C60, promoting further organization revealed in a 1.67-Å crystal structure. Fullerene groups occupy periodic lattice sites, sandwiched between two Tyr residues from adjacent tetramers. Strikingly, the assembly exhibits high charge conductance, whereas both the protein-alone crystal and amorphous C60are electrically insulating. The affinity of C60for its crystal-binding site is estimated to be in the nanomolar range, with lattices of known protein crystals geometrically compatible with incorporating the motif. Taken together, these findings suggest a new means of organizing fullerene molecules into a rich variety of lattices to generate new properties by design.
miR-22 has a potent anti-tumour role with therapeutic potential in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Jiang Xi , Hu Chao , Arnovitz Stephen , Bugno Jason , Yu Miao , Zuo Zhixiang , Chen Ping , Huang Hao , Ulrich Bryan , Gurbuxani Sandeep , Weng Hengyou , Strong Jennifer , Wang Yungui , Li Yuanyuan , Salat Justin , Li Shenglai , Elkahloun Abdel G. , Yang Yang , Neilly Mary Beth , Larson Richard A. , Le Beau Michelle M. , Herold Tobias , Bohlander Stefan K. , Liu Paul P. , Zhang Jiwang , Li Zejuan , He Chuan , Jin Jie , Hong Seungpyo , Chen Jianjun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs are subject to precise regulation and have key roles in tumorigenesis. In contrast to the oncogenic role of miR-22 reported in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and breast cancer, here we show that miR-22 is an essential anti-tumour gatekeeper in de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) where it is significantly downregulated. Forced expression of miR-22 significantly suppresses leukaemic cell viability and growth in vitro, and substantially inhibits leukaemia development and maintenance in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-22 targets multiple oncogenes, including CRTC1, FLT3 and MYCBP, and thus represses the CREB and MYC pathways. The downregulation of miR-22 in AML is caused by TET1/GFI1/EZH2/SIN3A-mediated epigenetic repression and/or DNA copy-number loss. Furthermore, nanoparticles carrying miR-22 oligos significantly inhibit leukaemia progression in vivo. Together, our study uncovers a TET1/GFI1/EZH2/SIN3A/miR-22/CREB-MYC signalling circuit and thereby provides insights into epigenetic/genetic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AML, and also highlights the clinical potential of miR-22-based AML therapy.