bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring patients’ attitudes to different intervention approaches for supporting psychosocial needs
Authors: Taylor Francesca , Hare Jennifer , Combes Gill 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYBackgroundMany patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) have significant psychosocial needs as a consequence of their illness and treatment. Unmet needs can impact negatively on their health and well‐being. Patients want improved psychosocial support particularly in relation to coping and adjustment. Little is known about the relevance and applicability to patients of intervention approaches to support their psychosocial needs.ObjectivesTo explore patients’ attitudes to different intervention approaches that could be developed to help them cope with the psychosocial stressors of ESKD, and to assess the potential acceptability of these approaches.Methods and MaterialsQualitative interviews and mini‐focus groups were undertaken with 15 patients who have ESKD. Different intervention approaches were shown to participants through use of audio‐visual films. Constant comparative data analysis was employed to derive a framework of categories and themes, guided by stress and coping theory.ResultsPsychosocial support was viewed by patients as an essential constituent of quality care. While some intervention approaches were more or less popular than others, responses were overall variable and individualistic, seemingly influenced by participants’ personal coping strategies. Any perceived connection with depression could make an intervention approach less attractive; physical exercise was particularly acceptable because there was no explicit association with someone not coping.ConclusionsThere is value in clinicians making available a choice of appropriately timed and tailored interventions to meet patients’ different psychosocial support needs at key points of distress across the ESKD pathway. Congruence between intervention features and patient coping style could stimulate interest and take‐up.
Grape pomace improves antioxidant capacity and faecal microflora of lambs
Authors: Kafantaris I. , Kotsampasi B. , Christodoulou V. , Kokka E. , Kouka P. , Terzopoulou Z. , Gerasopoulos K. , Stagos D. , Mitsagga C. , Giavasis I. , Makri S. , Petrotos K. , Kouretas D. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryGrape pomace is a by‐product of winemaking process and rich in bioactive compounds such as plant polyphenols having antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. As known, oxidative stress may cause a number of pathological conditions in farm animals and thus affecting animal welfare and production. Moreover, pathogenic bacteria affect animals’ health status. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate whether lambs’ feed supplemented with grape pomace enhances the antioxidant mechanisms and reduces the growth of pathogenic bacteria. For this purpose, redox status was assessed in blood and tissues using oxidative stress markers in lambs fed with diet supplemented with grape pomace. Moreover, the effect on bacterial growth was assessed by examining microbial populations in lambs’ faecal microflora. The following oxidative stress markers were assessed: reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase activity (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (CARB). Twenty‐four lambs were assigned to two experimental groups receiving standard or experimental diet for 55 days. Blood and tissues (liver, quadriceps muscle, spleen, heart and brain) were collected at two different time‐points, 42 and 70 days post‐birth, after ration administration. The results showed that lambs fed with experimental diet had significantly increased antioxidants mechanisms in blood and tissues as shown by increases in CAT and GSH compared to control. Moreover, lambs fed with the experimental diet exhibited decreased oxidative stress‐induced damage to lipids and proteins as shown by decreases in TBARS and CARB respectively. In addition, the experimental diet enhanced the growth of facultative probiotic bacteria and inhibited the growth of pathogen populations such as Enterobacteriacae and E. coli. This is the first study investigating the effect of diet supplemented with grape pomace on the redox status and microbiota of lambs.
The nationalisation of the domestic sphere
Authors: Storm Eric 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBanal forms of nationalism permeate our everyday life. However, it is not very clear when all kinds of banal objects and practices became nationalised. In this article, I focus on the domestic sphere by analysing how around 1900 a small group of activists began to propagate the nationalisation of domestic architecture, decorative arts and even gardening. Domestic practices such as cooking, cleaning and consuming were nationalised at about the same time, at least in Western Europe. Although in the beginning the nationalisation of the domestic sphere was perceived as something new, within a few decades the existence of national cuisines and architectural styles was taken for granted. As a consequence, it becomes clear that the nationalisation of the domestic sphere constituted a new and very successful phase in the nation‐building process, which now also began to affect quotidian practices and objects in the private realm.
Physiological adaptation to recurrent social stress of extraversion
Authors: Lu Wei , Wang Zhenhong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe present studies examined the influence of extraversion on physiological reactivity, recovery, and physiological habituation‐sensitization to repeated social stressors. In Study 1, subjective and physiological data were collected from 97 college students who were categorized as high (n = 51) and low (n = 46) on extraversion (NEO‐FFI) across five laboratory stages: baseline, stress 1, poststress 1, stress 2, and poststress 2. Results indicated high extraversion (HE) participants exhibited relative lesser heart rate (HR) reactivity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) withdrawals to, and more complete HR and RSA recovery after the first social stress, and also exhibited relative lesser HR reactivity to the second social stress. When repeatedly exposed to a social stressor, HE participants showed pronounced systolic blood pressure (SBP) adaptation, low extraversion (LE) participants displayed diastolic blood pressure (DBP) sensitization. In Study 2, data were collected from another 78 participants (HE: n = 40, LE: n = 38) across the same laboratory stages with speech performance videotaped. After controlling for the speech styles, Study 2 found the same HR response and SBP/DBP adaptation pattern across extraversion groups to social stress as Study 1 but not RSA reactivity. These findings suggest extraverts exhibit more adaptive physiological reactivity to recurrent social stressors, which thus might benefit their health.
HLA class II alleles influence rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility and autoantibody status in South Indian Tamil population
Authors: Mariaselvam C. M. , Fortier C. , Charron D. , Krishnamoorthy R. , Tamouza R. , Negi V. S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex multifactorial autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory arthritis. The precise etiology and pathogenesis of RA remains elusive but evidence points towards stochastic interactions between genetic and environmental factors. This study investigated the distribution of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐DRB1/DQB1 alleles in South Indian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their influence on RA susceptibility and clinical phenotype. Low resolution HLA‐DRB1 and ‐DQB1 typing was performed in 271 RA patients and 233 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using sequence‐specific primers (SSP). HLA‐DRB1*10 was found to be more frequent in patients (Pc = 0.004, OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.5–3.34) than controls. This difference persisted in RF positive (Pc = 9 × 10−6, OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.62–3.74), ACPA positive (Pc = 0.007, OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.35–3.29), ACPA negative (Pc = 0.001, OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.50–3.97) and both RF and ACPA positive subgroup of patients (Pc = 0.003, OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.41–3.51). On the contrary, the HLA‐DRB1*13 (Pc = 0.01, OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.25–0.73) and HLA‐DRB1*14 (Pc = 0.003, OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.26–0.69) alleles were over‐represented in controls than patients. Further, distribution of the prominent Caucasian RA risk allele DRB1*04 did not differ between patients and controls in our study population. We did not find any association between DQB1 alleles and RA susceptibility or autoantibody status. The haplotypes DQB1*05‐DRB1*10 (P = 6.8 × 10−6, OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.63–3.79) and DQB1*06‐DRB1*15 (P = 0.03, OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.02–1.96) were more frequent in patients while DQB1*05‐DRB1*14 (P = 8.4 × 10−4, OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.26–0.74) and DQB1*06‐DRB1*13 (P = 9.5 × 10−4, OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.21–0.72) were higher in controls. To conclude, HLA‐DRB1*10 is associated with RA while HLA‐DRB1*13 and HLA‐DRB1*14 alleles confer protection in south Indian Tamils.
Explicit and Emergent Mechanisms of Information Status
Authors: Arnold Jennifer E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIt is well established that language production and comprehension are influenced by information status, for example, whether information is given, new, topical, or predictable, and many scholars suggest that an important component of information status is keeping track of what information is in common ground (i.e., what is shared), and what is not. Information status affects both speakers' choices (e.g., word order, pronoun use, prosodic prominence) and how listeners interpret the speaker's meaning (e.g., Chafe, 1994; Prince, 1981). Although there is a wealth of scholarly work on information status (for a review, see Arnold, Kaiser, Kahn, & Kim, 2013), there is no consensus on the mechanisms by which it is used, and in fact relatively little discussion of the underlying representations and psycholinguistic mechanisms. Moreover, a major challenge to understanding information status is that its effects are notoriously variable. This study considers existing proposals about information status, focusing on two questions: (a) how is it represented; and (b) by what mechanisms is it used? I propose that it is important to consider whether representations and mechanisms can be classified as either explicit or emergent. Based on a review of existing evidence, I argue that information status representations are most likely emergent, but the mechanisms by which they are used are both explicit and emergent. This review provides one of the first considerations of information status processing across multiple domains.
Marked subcutaneous mast cell and eosinophilic infiltration associated with the presence of multiple Dirofilaria repens microfilariae in 4 dogs
Authors: Mazaki‐Tovi Michal , Reich Michal , Karnieli Adva , Kuzi Sharon , Aroch Itamar 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDirofilaria repens is a parasitic nematode in the subcutaneous tissue of carnivores, including dogs and cats, transmitted by mosquitoes. Human beings may be accidental hosts. Infection of a dog with D repens was first reported in Palestine in 1934, and 2 additional cases were reported in dogs in Israel to date. This report describes D repens infection in 4 dogs in Israel that presented with subcutaneous masses, which were cytologically characterized by marked mast cell and eosinophil infiltration. In 3 cases, multiple microfilariae were present in the lesions; rare microfilariae were present in the 4th case. In all 4 dogs, PCR of fine‐needle aspirates from the lesions were positive for D repens. The mast cells observed in all lesions were uniform and highly granulated, and with the presence of the microfilariae, a mast cell tumor was considered less likely. This report suggests that D repens infection‐associated subcutaneous lesions, characterized cytologically by massive mast cell and eosinophil infiltration, should be considered a differential diagnosis for mast cell tumor, especially in geographic locations endemic for this nematode. Notably, all 4 dogs were infected with D repens despite a routine prophylactic doramectin therapy administered every 3 months, probably due to the relatively long time interval between treatments.
Nodular granulomatous glossitis as the sole clinical sign in canine leishmaniosis
Authors: Tangalidi Melpomeni K. , Oikonomidis Ioannis L. , Psalla Dimitra , Papadimitriou Serafim , Kritsepi‐Konstantinou Maria , Mylonakis Mathios E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA 5.5‐year‐old, intact male Rottweiler dog was admitted with a history of multifocal nodular tongue lesions which progressively deteriorated during the previous year. Physical examination revealed several reddish nodules with central depression on the surface of the tongue in an otherwise healthy dog. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included eosinophilia and hyperproteinemia. Lingual nodule cytopathology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry revealed Leishmania spp. amastigotes and a severe granulomatous glossitis. The dog was also seroreactive to L infantum antigens by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Clinical reevaluation 3 months after the institution of treatment with allopurinol and miltefosine indicated that the nodular lesions had completely regressed. In endemic areas, lingual nodular lesions may rarely be the sole clinical sign of canine leishmaniosis. Standard medical treatment may provide an excellent prognosis.
Interaction between the hypothalamus and the immune system
Authors: Soto‐Tinoco Eva , Guerrero‐Vargas Natalí N. , Buijs Ruud M. 
Published: October 2016

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
Both branches of the autonomic nervous system are involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response. We explore how the hypothalamus may influence this process.

What advances does it highlight?
We analyse how a lipopolysaccharide signal is transmitted to the brain and which areas participate in the response of the brain to lipopolysaccharide. Recent studies show that the hypothalamus can influence the inflammatory response by modifying the autonomic output. The biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, is integrated into this circuit, putting a time stamp on the intensity of the inflammatory response.

The brain is responsible for maintaining homeostasis of the organism, constantly adjusting its output via hormones and the autonomic nervous system to reach an optimal setting in every compartment of the body. Also, the immune system is under strong control of the brain. Apart from the conventional systemic responses evoked by the brain during inflammation, such as hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activation and the induction of sickness behaviour, the autonomic nervous system is now recognized to exert regulatory effects on the inflammatory response. Both branches of the autonomic nervous system are proposed to influence the inflammatory process. Here, we focus on those areas of the brain that might be involved in sensing inflammatory stimuli, followed by how that sensing could change the output of the autonomic nervous system in order to regulate the inflammatory response. Finally, we will discuss how the defenses of the body against a lipopolysaccharide challenge are organized by the hypothalamus.
Nonlinear RPD Analysis of Jack-Up Rigs Including Material Plasticity
Authors: Chakrabarti Partha , Chawan Abhijeet 
Published: October 2016

Rack Phase Difference or RPD may occur during the installation phase of a jack-up rig when it is jacking up at a location. Instances of failure of leg members of a jack-up have been reported in the past. Therefore, this is an important design issue. Among the many causes of high RPD, important ones are when one of the jack-up spudcans becomes eccentrically supported on the bottom or has lateral offset due to preexisting soft spots in the soil during installation. The resulting moment and shear on the leg is carried essentially by the horizontal guide reactions that may induce high stresses leading to failure of a diagonal brace in extreme cases.
In a previous OMAE paper written by the authors [1] the importance of a 3D model of the jack-up that uses non-linear analysis methods by including large deformations and rotations was highlighted. In this paper it was also emphasized that the meaning of RPD has to be understood properly in relationship with moment or shear carrying capacity at the spudcan for a given jack-up.
The present paper includes material plasticity effects in addition to the other nonlinearities in the 3D analysis to investigate the failure mechanism of a critical brace. Both applied moments due to the vertical load eccentricity at the spudcan and lateral displacement effects of it are considered. The behavior of a trussed leg jack-up depends heavily on the bracing pattern, chord and bay spacing as well as the size of the braces. For a well-designed jack-up the reserve strength beyond the initial exceedance of the allowable limits of member stress following the codes to the actual physical failure is considered to be important. This reserve strength could prevent actual damages to the rig. This paper discusses these aspects using one particular jack-up as example. The particular jack-up has shown very high RPD and reserve strength when a brace fails due to a large spudcan moment being applied or base deflection. The failure of the brace, however, does not indicate that the ultimate strength of the rig has been reached which is expected to be much higher. Although the analysis is for one particular jack-up, it discusses the parameters that in general could make the reserve strength large indicative of good design. These observations and the overall methodology of analysis used here could be beneficial to other rigs.
Finite Element Analysis on the Hull Girder Ultimate Strength of Asymmetrically Damaged Ships
Authors: Muis Alie Muhammad Zubair , Sitepu Ganding , Sade Juswan , Mustafa Wahyuddin , Nugraha Andi Mursid , Bin Muh. Saleh Alamsyah 
Published: October 2016

This paper discusses the influence of asymmetrically damaged ships on the ultimate hull girder strength. When such damages take place at the asymmetric location of cross sections, not only translation but also inclination of instantaneous neutral axis takes place during the process of the progressive collapse. To investigate this effect, the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is employed and the damage is assumed in the middle hold. The collision damage is modeled by removing the plate and stiffener elements at the damage region assuming the complete loss of the capacity at the damage part.
For the validation results obtained by Finite Element Analysis of the asymmetrically damaged ship hull girder, the simplified method is adopted. The Finite Element method of ultimate strength analysis of a damaged hull girder can be a practical tool for the ship hull girder after damages, which has become one of the functional requirements in IMO Goal Based Ship Construction Standard.
Flow Loop Investigation of Lubricant Concentration Effect on Mechanical Friction in Drilling Fluids
Authors: Ytrehus Jan David , Taghipour Ali , Gyland Knud Richard , Lund Bjørnar , Sayindla Sneha , Saasen Arild , Hermansson Lasse 
Published: October 2016

A laboratory scale flow loop for drilling applications has been used for evaluating the effect of lubricants on skin friction during drilling and completion with oil based or low solids oil based fluids. The flow loop included a 10 meter long test section with 2″ OD free whirling rotating drill string inside a 4″ ID wellbore made of concrete elements positioned inside a steel tubing. A transparent part of the housing was located in the middle of the test section, separating two steel sections of equal length. The entire test section was mounted on a steel frame which can be tilted from horizontal to 30° inclination. The drilling fluids and additives in these experiments were similar to those used in specific fields in NCS. Friction coefficient was calculated from the measured torque for different flow velocities and rotational velocities and the force perpendicular to the surface caused by the buoyed weight of the string.
The main objective of the article has been to quantify the effect on mechanical friction when applying different concentrations of an oil-based lubricant into an ordinary oil based drilling fluid and a low solids oil based drilling fluid used in a North Sea drilling and completion operation.
On the Optimum Sizing of a Real WEC From a Techno-Economic Perspective
Authors: de Andres Adrian , Maillet Jéromine , Hals Todalshaug Jørgen , Möller Patrik , Jeffrey Henry 
Published: October 2016

When designing “multi-MW arrays” of Wave Energy Converters (WECs), having a low number of converters with high individual power ratings can be beneficial as the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs may be reduced. However, having converters of small dimensions or small power ratings could also be beneficial as suggested by previous works due to a reduction in material costs as compared to power production, the use of small, inexpensive vessels.
In this work, a case study investigating the optimum size of WEC for a 20MW array is performed. Analysis is carried out based on the CorPower Ocean technology. In this case study, firstly a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) model is created. This model incorporates the latest Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) estimates for CorPower Ocean’s 250 kW prototype. Using this techno-economic model, several sizes/ratings of WEC are tested for use in a 20 MW array.
Operational Expenditure (OPEX) is calculated using two different calculation approaches in order to check its influence on final indicators. OPEX is firstly calculated as a percentage of CAPEX, previous works, and secondly using a failure-repair model, taking into account individual failures of WECs in the array. Size/rating analysis is carried out for several European locations in order to establish any dependence between site location and optimal WEC size/rating.
A Numerical Study on the Load-Bearing Armored Cable Performance of an 11,000m ARV for the First Phase Sea Trial
Authors: Jiang Zhe , Hu Yong , Cui Weicheng , Zhang Tianyu , Liu Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2016

To better study the biology and ecology of hadal trenches for the marine scientists, the hadal science and technology center (HAST) of Shanghai Ocean University has made a significant commitment to develop operational support for the promotion of hadal science. The first focus of HAST is to construct a movable laboratory for hadal trenches which includes a mothership, an full ocean depth (FOD) Human Occupied Vehicle (HOV), an FOD Autonomous and Remotely-operated Vehicle (ARV) and several FOD landers. All of them are named as Rainbowfish series.
Presently, the construction of the ARV has been finished and the first phase sea trial has been conducted in South China Sea from September 26th to October 25th 2015. In the sea trial, the ARV was laid down to certain water depth and recovered back to water surface through a load-bearing armored cable. The reliability of the cable is critical to the safety of the ARV, as if the cable was broken, the ARV could hardly be retrieved. In such circumstances, this paper focuses on two important issues, i.e. the tensions of the cable and the ARV offset using numerical methods. Due to the change of the mothership in the final phase before the sea trial, the cable analyses with two different types of supporting vessels (a catamaran and a barge) were performed respectively and a comparison was made. In addition, a sensitivity study of submergence depths and winch hook positions was also conducted. Finally, the first phase sea trial of the ARV was described and discussed.