bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk v. reward for responsive movements by a highly mobile fish species in a flow-constrained and barrier-laden river
Authors: Butler Gavin L. , Cameron Leo M. , Coleman Daniel W. , Ebner Brendan C. , Thiem Jason D. , Carpenter-Bundhoo Luke 
Published: October 2024

Context Understanding the movement behaviour of flow-dependent fish species is a foundational principle underlying the effective management of highly modified riverscapes. Aims To determine how variations in river discharge and instream barriers affect the residency, survival and movement of golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) in the degraded Gwydir River system within the northern Murray–Darling Basin. Methods We monitored the movement of 25 acoustic-tagged golden perch for up to 3 years by using a linear array spanning ~180 km of the main river channels across the lower Gwydir system. Key results Golden perch were largely sedentary for extended periods, with movements constrained by the barrier maze that now defines the system. High flows facilitated passage over instream barriers, with the highest periods of activity occurring in spring and early summer, and to a lesser extent in autumn. Conclusion Our findings are indicative of a highly constrained and isolated population of golden perch that is now likely to be neither a source nor a sink, but is in effect a false sink perpetuated by re-stocking practices. Implications The rehabilitation of the fish community in the Gwydir and other systems in similarly poor condition throughout the Murray–Darling Basin will require major institutional and societal change.
Discovery of a novel binary azeotrope with positive synergistic insulation strength as eco-friendly SF6-alternative
Authors: Yao Yuyang , Yang Zhiqiang , Zhang Boya , Li Xingwen , Hao Mai , Tang Nian , Sun Dongwei , Lu Jian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), as an arc extinguishing and insulating medium, is broadly applied in power equipment; however, it is essential to find an environmentally friendly substitute gas for SF6 due to its strong greenhouse effect. Although there are many potential alternatives, most have relatively high boiling points that cannot meet the minimum operating temperature of the power equipment. In the past, the liquefaction temperature of the mixture was reduced by mixing with buffer gases, such as CO2, N2, or dry air. However, this method cannot take the insulation performance requirements of eco-friendly insulating gases into account. Therefore, given the current problems and challenges, a novel approach is presented to exploring new eco-friendly gases by incorporating the azeotropic theory. The liquefaction temperature of the gas mixture can be reduced simultaneously as the insulation strength is increased. In this approach, a theoretical prediction model E-PPR78 was introduced to predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data and RC318 was found to exhibit azeotrope behavior with HFO-1336mzz(E) at 17%. Furthermore, the predicted VLE data obtained was validated against cyclic-analytical experimental results, affirming the efficacy of the proposed model. Subsequently, to assess its insulation performance, breakdown tests were conducted under both alternating current and lightning impulse voltages, revealing significant positive synergistic effects in the gas mixture. The possible mechanisms of this positively synergistic effect are also discussed. This study offers an innovative way of tackling high boiling point issues plaguing eco-friendly gases. These findings may also enlighten the design of eco-friendly switchgear that utilizes HFO-1336mzz(E) mixtures to replace traditional SF6 gases.
Theoretical analysis and predictions for the two-neutrino double electron capture of 124Xe
Authors: Niţescu O , Ghinescu S , Sevestrean V A , Horoi M , Šimkovic F , Stoica S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We provide a complete theoretical description of the two-neutrino electron capture in 124Xe, improving both the nuclear and the atomic structure calculations. We improve the general formalism through the use of the Taylor expansion method, leading to higher-order terms in the decay rate of the process. The nuclear part is treated with pn-QRPA and interacting shell model (ISM) methods. The nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) are calculated with the pn-QRPA method with isospin restoration by fixing the input parameters so that the experimental decay rate is reproduced, resulting in values significantly lower than in previous calculations. The validity of the pn-QRPA NMEs is tested by showing their values to be comparable with the ones for double-beta decay with the emission of two antineutrinos of 128,130Te, which have similar pairing features. Within the ISM, we reproduce the total experimental half-life within a factor of two and predict the capture fraction to the KK channel of about 74%. We also predict the capture fractions to other decay channels and show that for the cumulative decay to the KL1–KO1 channels, a capture fraction of about 24% could be observed experimentally. On the atomic side, calculations are improved by accounting for the Pauli blocking of the decay of innermost nucleon states and by considering all s-wave electrons available for capture, expanding beyond the K and L1 orbitals considered in previous studies. We also provide improved atomic relaxation energies of the final atomic states of 124Te, which may be used as input for background modeling in liquid Xenon experiments.
The study of hadronic rescattering on K∗0 resonance yield in baryon-rich QCD matter
Authors: Sahoo Aswini Kumar , Singha Subhash , Nasim Md 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The effect of hadronic rescattering on K
∗0 resonance yield can be studied by measuring K
∗0/K ratio as a function of centrality or multiplicity. This study investigates how the size of the system and the chemical composition (meson–meson versus meson–baryon interaction) of the matter formed in heavy-ion collisions impact the process of hadronic rescattering. It is shown that existing calculation of K
∗0/K ratio, which considers the interaction of K
∗0 and K mesons with only light mesons in the hadronic medium (neglecting interactions with baryons), fails to explain the measured K
∗0/K ratio at RHIC beam energy scan (BES) energies. To understand the multiplicity dependence of the K
∗0/K ratio at RHIC BES and SPS energies (

s

NN

< 20 GeV), the ultra relativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model is employed. UrQMD calculations suggest that for a given multiplicity, K
∗0/K is more suppressed in Au+Au collision at

s

NN

= 7.7 GeV, compared to that in

s

NN

= 200 GeV. This is possibly because of formation different type of quantum chromodynamics medium at 200 and 7.7 GeV, and change in interaction cross-section between hadrons with change in particle type and energy.
Application of the surrogate reaction ratio method to measure the (n, xp) cross sections for nuclei with A ≈ 50–60
Authors: Gandhi Ramandeep , Santra S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We explore the applicability of the surrogate reaction (SR) ratio method for determining (n, xp) cross sections, where an incoming neutron induces the emission of at least one proton from a nuclear target with a mass range of A ≈ 50–60. These cross sections are relevant for advanced nuclear technologies. Our findings reveal that, under specific conditions, the SR ratio method can yield reliable (n, xp) cross sections, similar to its success in determining (n, f) cross sections in actinides. However, not all SR pairs meet these conditions across the entire excitation energy range, necessitating careful application of the SR ratio method for determining (n, xp) cross sections.
Impact of different range bias corrections on orbit and Earth rotation parameters determination using BDS-3 satellite laser ranging observations
Authors: Fang Xinqi , Fan Lei , Shi Chuang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Satellite laser ranging (SLR) is an important technique that determines geodetic parameters, and its observation processing often calibrates range bias corrections to offset systematic errors. However, the impact of different range bias calibration methods on estimating the BDS-3 satellite orbit and Earth Rotation Parameters (ERP) has not been fully studied. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of employing different SLR range bias corrections on the accuracy of SLR-based BDS-3 satellite orbit and ERP. Eight months of experimental analysis revealed that the station–satellite-pair-dependent range bias correction resulted in the optimal orbit accuracy. Regarding orbit differences relative to precise ephemerides and overlap differences, the 3D root-mean-square (RMS) of satellites manufactured by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) are 1.00 and 0.94 m, respectively. The corresponding values of satellites manufactured by the Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites (SECM) are 0.98 and 0.90 m, respectively. The station–satellite-pair-dependent range bias correction performed the best in terms of pole coordinate accuracy. The RMS of the X
P and Y
P differences relative to the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) 20 C04 product are 1.32 and 1.41 mas, respectively. The solution using satellite-dependent range bias corrections has the optimal length of day (LOD) accuracy, with a 44.92 μs rms of the LOD difference. However, due to the apparent satellite-related error characteristic reflected in the SLR residual, the station-dependent range bias correction is unsuitable for simultaneously processing the SLR observations of all BDS-3 satellites.
Evaluating antenna phase center variation effects on tropospheric delay retrieval using a low-cost dual-frequency GNSS receiver
Authors: Wu Jizhong , Wang Xiaoying , Wu Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study examines the impact of Phase Center Variation (PCV) corrections on Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD) accuracy using a low-cost U-blox ZED-F9P receiver paired with three different antenna configurations: the high-grade TRM57971 antenna, the moderate-grade AS-ANT3BCAL antenna, and the low-cost ANN-MB-00 antenna. Among the three antennas evaluated, the low-cost antenna exhibited the largest PCV magnitude and a pronounced elevation angle dependence. In contrast, the other two antennas demonstrated lower levels of PCV variation. Without PCV corrections, the low-cost antenna showed significant ZWD biases compared to reference values. Applying PCV corrections significantly improved its accuracy, reducing bias and root mean square (RMS) by 88% and 79%, respectively. Moderate- and high-grade antennas experienced minimal improvement with correction. All antennas exhibited remarkable day-to-day repeatability in their residual patterns, despite variations observed in the RMS of phase residuals. This observed repeatability is likely attributable to the presence of unmodeled multipath contributions. The variations in RMS, in turn, can be primarily ascribed to inherent differences in multipath resistance among the antenna designs. This study highlights the critical role of PCV corrections for accurate ZWD estimation with low-cost Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers. Future research should prioritize the acquisition of manufacturer-provided calibration data for low-cost antennas to streamline and enhance the accuracy of PCV correction applications. Moreover, efforts should be directed toward developing innovative solutions, such as low-cost, multipath-resistant antennas or advanced signal processing algorithms, to mitigate the impact of multipath errors. By addressing these areas, low-cost GNSS solutions can become more reliable and cost-effective tools for tropospheric delay estimation.
ELM-free H-mode phase and decoupling of peeling–ballooning stability boundary in the MAST Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Imada K , Osborne T H , Saarelma S , Kirk A , Blackmore S , Knolker M , Scannell R , Snyder P B , Vincent C , Wilson H R ,   the MAST Upgrade Team
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A linear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) peeling–ballooning stability analysis of the edge-localized mode (ELM)-free phase of a MAST Upgrade (MAST-U) H-mode plasma is presented. In contrast to other similar discharges, #47018 is found to have a significantly higher and wider pedestal during its ELM-free H-mode phase that lasts for approximately 80 ms; this is made possible by the reduced core MHD mode activity on the q = 2 surface. During this period, there is sustained decoupling of peeling and ballooning branches of the stability boundary on J–α space, opening an access channel to the second stability regime with higher peaks in pedestal current density

J

N
,
ped

and pressure gradient (α). Such decoupling of the stability boundary has not previously been observed in MAST-U H-modes, and if such a condition can be readily reproduced, it opens a wide range of opportunities for MAST-U to explore low-collisionality peeling-limited pedestal regimes as well as advanced scenarios such as quiescent H-modes that are relevant to future reactors such as STEP and ITER.
Impact of the stiffness of equation of state on saturation properties of asymmetric nuclear matter and Urca cooling in neutron stars
Authors: Hashem A S , Hassanien R N , Seif W M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We consider nuclear equation of state (EoS) based on the semi-realistic M3Y-Paris and M3Y-Reid effective nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions to assess the influence of the stiffness of the isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter (ANM) on its isoscalar and isovector saturation properties, and on the β-stable proton fraction in neutron star (NS) matter. Two parameterizations schemes of the CDM3Y isovector density dependence of the NN interaction are adopted, one is scaled to the isoscalar density dependence and the other (IVF1) is developed independently of it. We found that the stiffer EoS yields larger binding saturation density that decreases with the isospin asymmetry (I), and slightly decreases the maximum asymmetry (

I

max

) reached for bound ANM. The density-slope (L) of the symmetry energy is found to correlate directly with the stiffness of ANM, meanwhile the symmetry-energy curvature (K

sym
) and the quadratic isovector incompressibility coefficient (K

τ
) are found to correlate with it inversely. We found also that the stiffer EoS indicates larger neutron-rich npe
μ NS matter under β-equilibrium. Only the CDM3Y-Paris EoSs of isoscalar incompressibility K
0 up to 270 MeV and that of CDM3Y-Reid with K
0 = 200 MeV indicate allowed direct Urca (DU) cooling process in β-stable NS matter, at densities greater than 3.5 ρ
0, based on the IVF1 density dependence. The stiffer EoS proposes a narrower density range for DU process in NS. According to the considered Paris (Reid) forces, muons can emerge in cold β-stable npe matter at ρ ≥ 0.85 ρ
0(0.79 ρ
0), which slightly decreases both the neutron richness at NS core and the DU threshold density.
Experimental analysis on tribological behavior of Co/TiC/CaF2/Y2O3 composite coating developed by plasma transferred arc (PTA) cladding technique on AZ91D Mg alloy substrate
Authors: Das Anil Kumar , Kumar Ravi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, Co/TiC/CaF2/Y2O3 composite coating was fabricated on AZ91D Mg alloy by plasma transferred arc cladding (PTA) technique. The composite coating was fabricated with parameters as PTA current of 40 A and scan speed of 150 mm/min. The coating powders consisted of Co (60 wt%) and Y2O3 (1 wt%), with varying amounts of TiC (ranging from 34 wt% to 19 wt%) and CaF2 (ranging from 5 wt% to 20 wt%). An investigation on the effect of TiC and CaF2 content on the mechanical and wear performance of Co/TiC/CaF2/Y2O3 composite coatings has been conducted. Characterization of the coatings such as microstructure, elemental analysis, and phase analysis were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. Results showed that the phase constituents in the coatings were TiC, CoO, CoTi, Co2Y3, YTiO3, CoYC, TiO2, and CaF2. The maximum average microhardness of the clad layer was about 1162HV0.05, while the average microhardness of AZ91D Mg alloy substrate was about 68HV0.05. Based on this study, it has been found that the coating has 17 times more hardness than the AZ91D Mg substrate. Also, it can be concluded that the coating has nearly 37 times higher wear resistance than the AZ91D Mg alloy substrate.
Analyzing the modified symmetric division deg index: mathematical bounds and chemical relevance
Authors: Hussain Zaryab , Ahsan Binyamin Muhammad , Kamran Jamil Muhammad , Metwally Ahmed Sayed M , Aslam Adnan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The modified symmetric division deg (MSD) index of a graph G is precisely defined as

MSD
(
G
)
=

∑

j
∼
k

1

2

d

j

d

k

+

d

k

d

j

, where d

j
and d

k
represent the degrees of j and k respectively. In this paper, we present precise bounds for the modified symmetric division deg index, expressed in the relation to the minimum and maximum degrees, the order and size of the graph, the number of pendant vertices and the minimum degree of a non-pendant vertex, the forgotten topological index, the modified second Zagreb index. We determine the upper bounds for the modified symmetric division deg index of unicyclic, bicyclic and k-cyclic graphs. Moreover, upon analyzing the modified symmetric division deg index, we observe its correlation with other well-known indices and its chemical applicability on the molecular graphs of octane isomers. At the end, we find the chemical applicability of the modified symmetric division deg index on benzenoid hydrocarbons and observe that the modified symmetric division deg index has a very strong correlation with the physical properties of benzenoid hydrocarbons.
Chitosan/Nitrogen-doped graphene nanocomposite for supercapacitor application
Authors: khojasteh Fatemeh , Kimiagar Salimeh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, we explore the chitosan/nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (CS-NGO) nanocomposite using the hydrothermal method and incorporate it onto carbon paper by a deep coating technique for supercapacitor applications. The incorporation of CS-NGO, a non-toxic and environmentally friendly material, significantly enhances the electrochemical performance. The electrochemical properties are explored by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and impedance spectrum (EIS). The analyses reveal a specific capacitance increase from 2.84 μF cm−2 to 3.96 μF cm−2, a reduction in charge transfer resistance (Rct) from 24.75 Ω to 16.74 Ω, a decrease in Rs resistance from 4.9 Ω to 0 Ω, and a reduction of equivalent series resistance (ESR) from 12.87 Ω to 6.41 Ω. In addition, the results demonstrate remarkable enhancements in energy density and power density and an excellent cyclic stability of 100% over up to 1000 CV cycles of the CS-NGO electrode. These improvements are due to the potential of CS-NGO nanocomposite in developing high-performance, sustainable supercapacitors with the growing demand for green and safe energy storage solutions. This sign of success in this research is due to the new nanocomposite.
PIC simulation of a nonoscillatory perturbation on a subcritical fast magnetosonic shock wave
Authors: Dieckmann M E , Huete C , Cobos F , Bret A , Folini D , Eliasson B , Walder R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We use a two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation to study the propagation of subcritical fast magnetosonic shocks in electron-nitrogen plasma and their stability against an initial deformation. A slab of dense plasma launches two planar blast waves into a surrounding ambient plasma, which is permeated by a magnetic field that points out of the simulation box and is spatially uniform at the start of the simulation. One shock propagates into a spatially uniform ambient plasma. This reference shock has a Mach number of 1.75, and the heating of ions only along the shock normal compresses the ions that cross the shock to twice the upstream density. Drift instabilities lead to rapidly growing electron-cyclotron harmonic waves ahead of the location where the shock’s density overshoot peaks, and to slowly growing lower-hybrid waves with a longer wavelength behind it. The second shock wave enters a perturbation layer that deforms it into a sine shape. Once the shock leaves the perturbation layer, the deformation is weakly damped and non-oscillatory, and the shock remains stable. Even without an external perturbation, and for the plasma parameters considered here, drift instabilities will cause ripples in the shock wave. These instabilities lead to a spatially and temporally varying compression of the plasma that crosses the shock.
Image encryption algorithm based on matrix projective combination-combination synchronization of an 11-dimensional time delayed hyperchaotic system
Authors: Bharti Jyotsna Kumari , Balasubramaniam P , Murugesan K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Secure image transmission is critical to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access, especially in an era of increasing digital threats. Chaotic systems with their inherent complexity and unpredictability, provide a promising solution for enhancing encryption security. To contribute to this field, we investigate a new 11-dimensional hyperchaotic system by taking advantage of its complex dynamical properties to strengthen security. The high dimensional of the system intensifies chaotic behaviors such as stability, attractors and sensitive to initial conditions, making it particularly suitable for encrypted transmission. Time delay is an important factor to be considered affecting the control and synchronization in nonlinear system. Additionally, time delays include the effects of past states, further increasing the unpredictability of the system. To explore these dynamics, we analyze the Lyapunov exponents, stability of equilibrium points, symmetry and dissipation. A matrix projective combination-combination synchronization scheme is proposed to synchronize four identical 11-dimensional hyperchaotic systems with time delay. Nonlinear active controllers designed based on Lyapunov stability theory are used to achieve this synchronization. This work advances an important idea for encryption and decryption algorithms, which is the secure transmission of images using affine encryption. In the affine encryption algorithm, the key is based on the solution of synchronized chaotic delayed systems and the private message of the sender and receiver. This proposed encryption and decryption algorithms have been applied on plain images. Numerical simulations and security analysis including key space, histogram, information entropy and correlation analysis are conducted to validate the theoretical results and encryption algorithm. Experimental analysis and comparisons with existing literature confirm the effectiveness and security of the proposed approach for cryptographic purposes.