bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying skills required of new epidemiologists: a content analysis of Canadian job postings and master’s programs
Authors: Chalmers Karli E. , Spence Kelsey L. 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThe rise of emerging public health threats has increased the need for qualified epidemiologists in Canada. Our study aimed to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) required of epidemiologists entering the workforce and determine whether these align with those taught in graduate epidemiology programs.MethodsAn inductive content analysis of Canadian job postings from May to December 2023 containing the keyword “epidemiology” and requiring master’s degrees in epidemiology or related fields was conducted to identify the KSAs required in the workforce. Inductive content analysis of Master of Science (MSc) program descriptions and core course descriptions was completed to discern skills gained through Canadian graduate epidemiology and public health programs.ResultsBased on the 295 job postings analyzed, five KSA categories were identified: communication skills (n = 268, 90.8%), analytical skills (n = 267, 90.5%), soft skills (n = 254, 86.1%), research methodology (n = 217, 73.6%), and knowledge of epidemiological concepts (n = 170, 57.6%). Analysis of 18 MSc programs found that that all of them described analytical skills, research methodology, and epidemiological concepts within their curriculum. Communication skills were described in 94.4% (n = 17) of programs, while soft skills were mentioned in 50.0% (n = 9). However, only 66.7% (n = 12) of programs outlined learning objectives or specified the skills acquired from their programs in their descriptions.ConclusionThere was alignment between the needs of the Canadian epidemiology job market and MSc programs, particularly in analytical skills and research methodology. However, development of soft skills should be emphasized within graduate epidemiology programs to better prepare graduates for the job market. Future research should aim to develop competency statements for epidemiologists in training to ensure consistency across graduate programs and promote career readiness.
Clinical and experimental evaluation of the efficacy of a new remineralizing gel in the comprehensive treatment of caries and non-carious lesions in elderly patients
Authors: Mandra J. V. , Sementsova E. A. , Grigoriev S. S. , Bazarnyi V. V. , Polushina L. G. , Votyakov S. L. , Zamyatin D. A. , Chebykin N. S. , Zhegalina N. M. , Larionova V. S. , Mavritskaya M. D. 
Published: September 2024

Relevance. Remineralization therapy and fluoridation are well-established methods for preventing hard tissue diseases of the teeth across various age groups. Given the unique composition and structure of teeth in the elderly, there is a need for specialized remineralization and fluoridation agents tailored to this demographic.Materials and methods. A new remineralizing gel, formulated from a mixture of tetra- and dimethylglycerolates of silicon, was developed specifically for the prevention and treatment of hard tissue diseases in elderly patients. The clinical efficacy of this gel was assessed using enamel resistance test (ERT) values and electroodontodiagnostics (EOD) both before and after treatment. Laboratory analyses included the evaluation of phosphorus, calcium, and the Ca/P ratio in saliva using Mindray reagents. An experimental study on tooth sections treated with various remineralizing agents was conducted using a Tescan MIRA LMS scanning electron microscope, equipped with an Oxford Instruments EDS X-max80 attachment, to determine the chemical composition and surface characteristics.Results. The clinical application of the new gel resulted in significant reductions in ERT and EOD values, indicating its effectiveness. An increase in the calcium-phosphorus ratio in saliva further demonstrated the gel’s remineralizing properties. The experimental study revealed the highest fluoride uptake in tooth sections treated with the new gel, confirming its penetration into the hard tissues of the teeth.Conclusion. The new gel, based on a silicon glycerolate mixture, demonstrated superior efficacy in elderly patients compared to other remineralizing agents, which is attributed to the high conductive properties of its base.
عِـلْـمُ طَبقاتِ الأَلْفاظِ: دِراسَةٌ في نَقْدِ الرِّوَايَةِ المُعْجَمِيَّةِ
Authors: الـزَّبـن عمـاد أحمـد سليمان 
Published: September 2024

جَهَدَتْ هذهِ الدِّراسةُ في معالجةِ سؤالٍ منهَجيٍّ في نِطاقِ تقريرِ الوَسائلِ العلميّةِ للتَّوثّقِ في صِحّةِ مَا في المُعجماتِ العربيّةِ مِنْ روايةِ معانٍ وألفاظٍ. واقتَرَحَتِ الدّراسةُ أدواتٍ علميّةً كاشِفةً يَتأتَّى أنْ تكونَ ضوابطَ ومعاييرَ ومُحدِّداتٍ للتّوثُّقِ؛ وِفَاقاً للشّـرْطِ المَنهجيِّ و(الإبستمولوجيِّ) لنَشْأةِ العُلومِ. وجاءَ هَذا التّدبيرُ بالتبصُّرِ في علومِ الرّوايةِ عندَ المُحدِّثينَ، والاستفادةِ مِنْ مباحثِهمْ النّاضِجَةِ في نَقْدِ الرّوايةِ في مجالاتِ النّقدِ كــــ: التَّفرُّدِ والمُخالفةِ والزّيادةِ، وكالتَّصحيفِ والتّحريفِ. وهذا يقِفُـكَ علَى أهميّةِ هذه الدّراسةِ، لأنَّها تؤسِّسُ لعلْمٍ يتمثّلُ في مجموعةٍ مِنَ الضّوابطِ والقوانين والمعاييرِ الّتي نَتَهَدَّى بها لمعالجةِ المشكلةِ المعرفيّةِ المُومَى إليْها. فهَذا عِلْمٌ مُقترَحٌ أجهَدُ في التَّأسِيسِ لهُ، ويمكنُ أنْ نَنقُبَ بهِ عنْ حقيقةِ كثيرٍ مِنَ النُّقولِ، ونَضبِطَ بهِ كثيراً مِنَ التّفرُّداتِ والغرائبِ في كلِّ طبقةٍ مِنَ الطّبقاتِ المُقترحةِ. وقدْ عالجْتُ في أثناءِ عَملي مجموعةً مِنَ الأسئلةِ المنهجيّةِ المركزيّةِ، أعْني تلكَ الّتي تُمثّلُ المبادئَ الكُبرَى لنشأةِ العلومِ، وتتّصلُ بِحدِّها وثَمرتِها وضَوابطِها. وقدِ اسْتقامَ لِي طَريقُ العملِ بتقسيمِهِ قِسمَينِ: القسمُ النّظريُّ، وهو الإطارُ المنهجيُّ للاشتغالِ، والقسمُ التّطبيقيُّ، وهو الإطارُ الإجْرائيُّ الّذي يوضِّحُ الرؤيةَ، والمُثُلُ الّتي تُثبّتُ كثيراً مِنْ قوانينِ هَذا العلمِ بطريقةٍ إجرائيّةٍ. وتقرّرَتْ في مُحصِّلِ الدّراسةِ النتيجةُ الكُبرَى لَهَا، والعِلَّةُ الغائيّةُ لمُجْرياتِها ومقدِّماتِها في اقتراحِ الأساسِ النَّظريِّ والإجْرائيِّ لعلْمِ طبقاتِ الألفاظِ؛ رَوْماً لتمهيدِ سبيلِ النّظَرِ فيهِ، ولتطويرِ الرُّؤيةِ في بُنودِهِ ومَنهجيّتِهِ.
Kajian Pengaruh Frekuensi Terhadap Kinerja Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Picohydro (PLTPh)
Authors: Kurniawan Miko Ilham , Apriani Yosi , Saleh Zulkifli , Indah Lestari Asri 
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan picohydro dengan kapasitas 5 kW. Proses konversi energi terjadi pada alat yang disebut generator DC, di mana perubahan beban pada generator DC menyebabkan variasi dalam tegangan yang dihasilkan. Dampaknya adalah terjadinya fluktuasi tegangan dan frekuensi yang tidak stabil. Alat yang dapat mengubah energi elektromagnetik dari bentuk mekanik ke listrik dan sebaliknya disebut generator. generator memiliki kemampuan untuk mentransfer energi listrik dari satu rangkaian ke rangkaian lain melalui penggunaan transformator. Hal ini memungkinkan tegangan untuk berubah sementara frekuensi tetap, dengan bantuan medan magnetik Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan daya output yang dihasilkan oleh generator dan menganalisi bagaimana frekuensi output daya generator mempengaruhi pengembangan tenaga pikohidro. Metode penelitian yang digunakan terdiri dari empat langkah yaitu: mengumpulkan data, menentukan peralatan dan perlengkapan yang dibutuhkan, menguji alat, dan menganalisis temuan. Pada output akhir, generator menghasilkan frekuensi sekitar 0,01 Hz. Daya output tertinggi generator, menurut hasil pengujian, adalah sekitar 42 watt.
An environmental scan of studies reporting current practices for the conduct of environmental scans
Authors: Nguyen Tram , Esmail Aliya , Di Rezze Briano , Colquhoun Heather , Graham Ian 
Published: September 2024

Objective: The objective of this environmental scan is to synthesize the published, peer-reviewed literature specific to the term ‘environmental scan’ to determine how it is currently being used in health research and to propose some promising practices.
Background: Environmental scans are becoming increasingly popular in synthesizing information on emergent topics and describing practice and research scope. Despite the growing use of environmental scans in health research, including nursing and rehabilitation, limited attention is given to methodological best practices. It is essential that we develop knowledge in this area to assist researchers, trainees, healthcare professionals, educators, and decision-makers with the use and reporting of environmental scans.
Study design and methods: This environmental scan included a search of four health databases: CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. We included peer-reviewed studies published between 2000-2024 in English using two key terms, ‘environmental scan’ and ‘health’. Studies were included that described methods used in conducting an environmental scan.
Results: We identified 56 studies describing methods for conducting environmental scans. A synthesis of these studies revealed four promising practices: 1) consider environmental/contextual influences, 2) use of multiple data sources and approaches, 3) engage stakeholders to ensure relevance/need and increase uptake, and 4) use of outcomes to address knowledge or service gap to optimise impact.
Conclusion: The findings of this environmental scan are among the first to examine methodological studies to determine promising practices for conducting environmental scans across health disciplines.
Implications for research, policy, and practice: The findings of this novel environmental scan are beneficial for health professionals, researchers, trainees, educators, and decision-makers in informing research, practice, and policy change
What is already known about the topic?

The use of environmental scans is becoming increasingly popular in health research, including nursing and rehabilitation.
There is a lack of consistency in the use and reporting of environmental scans across health disciplines.

What this paper adds

This environmental scan is among the first to contribute foundational knowledge and innovation in promising best practices for the conduct of environmental scans in health research.
The novel findings will assist in promoting consistency in the use and reporting of environmental scans.
The Pre-perihelion Evolution of the Activity of Comet C/2017 K2 (Pan-STARRS) during the Water Ice-line Crossover
Authors: Kwon Yuna G. , Bagnulo Stefano , Markkanen Johannes , Kolokolova Ludmilla , Agarwal Jessica , Lippi Manuela , Gray Zuri 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Comets, relics from the early solar system, consist of dust and ice. The ice sublimates as comets approach the Sun, ejecting dust from their nuclei seen as activity. Different volatiles sublimate at different Sun–comet distances and eject dust of unique sizes, structures, and compositions. In this study, we present new polarimetric observations of Oort cloud comet C/2017 K2 (Pan-STARRS) in R- and I-filter domains before, during, and after its crossover of the water-ice sublimation regime at phase angles of 15.°9, 10.°5, and 20.°0, respectively. Combining multiband optical imaging data covering a wide range of heliocentric distances (∼14−2.3 au), we aim to characterize the pre-perihelion evolution of cometary activity as well as the properties of its coma dust. Two discontinuous brightening events were observed: at ∼6 au presumably associated with changes in CO-like supervolatile ice activity, and at ∼2.9 au when water ice took over. Particularly, the latter activation is accompanied by changes in coma morphology and color whose trends differ between the inner (∼103 km) and outer (∼104 km) parts of the coma. No polarimetric discontinuities on the comet were observed over the inner coma region, all epochs showing phase-angle and wavelength dependencies compatible with those of active comets observed in similar observing geometry. During this period, the underlying dust continuum overwhelmed Hα emission at around 656.3 nm, suggesting less water ice on the comet’s surface than expected. We discuss K2's coma environment by combining numerical simulations of light scattered by dust and place the observations within the context of the comet’s evolution.
The Environments of Fast Radio Bursts Viewed Using Adaptive Optics
Authors: Woodland Michele N. , Mannings Alexandra G. , Prochaska J. Xavier , Ryder Stuart D. , Marnoch Lachlan , Jorgenson Regina A. , Simha Sunil , Tejos Nicolas , Gordon Alexa , Fong Wen-fai , Kilpatrick Charles D. , Deller Adam T. , Glowacki Marcin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present observations from the Gemini Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics System/Gemini South Adaptive Optics Imager at Gemini South of five fast radio burst (FRB) host galaxies of FRBs with subarcsecond localizations. We examine and quantify the spatial distributions and locations of the FRBs with respect to their host galaxy light distributions, finding a median host-normalized offset of 2.09 half-light radii (r

e
) and the trend that these FRBs occur in fainter regions of their host galaxies. When combined with the FRB host galaxy sample from Mannings et al., we find that FRBs are statistically distinct from Ca-rich transients in terms of light at the source location and from SGRBs and LGRBs in terms of host-normalized offset. We further find that most FRBs are in regions of elevated local stellar mass surface densities in comparison to the mean global values of their hosts. This, along with the finding that the FRB locations trace the distribution of stellar mass, points toward a possible similarity of the environments of CCSNe and FRBs. We also find that four out of five FRB hosts exhibit distinct spiral arm features, and the bursts originating from such hosts tend to appear on or close to their host’s spiral structure, with a median distance of 0.53 ± 0.27 kpc. With many well-localized FRB detections looming on the horizon, we will be able to better characterize the properties of FRB environments relative to their host galaxies and other transient classes. Such insights may only require us to double the number of FRBs with subarcsecond localizations.
A Tale of Two Molecules: The Underprediction of CO2 and Overprediction of PH3 in Late T and Y Dwarf Atmospheric Models
Authors: Beiler Samuel A. , Mukherjee Sagnick , Cushing Michael C. , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Schneider Adam C. , Kothari Harshil , Marley Mark S. , Visscher Channon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The sensitivity and spectral coverage of JWST are enabling us to test our assumptions of ultracool dwarf atmospheric chemistry, especially with regards to the abundances of phosphine (PH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). In this paper, we use Near Infrared Spectrograph PRISM spectra (∼0.8−5.5 μm, R ∼ 100) of four late T and Y dwarfs to show that standard substellar atmosphere models have difficulty replicating the 4.1−4.4 μm wavelength range, as they predict an overabundance of phosphine and an underabundance of carbon dioxide. To help quantify this discrepancy, we generate a grid of models using PICASO, based on the Elf Owl chemical and temperature profiles, where we include the abundances of these two molecules as parameters. The fits to these PICASO models show a consistent preference for orders-of-magnitude higher CO2 abundances and a reduction in PH3 abundance as compared to the nominal models. This tendency means that the claimed phosphine detection in UNCOVER−BD−3 could instead be explained by a CO2 abundance in excess of standard atmospheric model predictions; however, the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum is not high enough to discriminate between these cases. We discuss atmospheric mechanisms that could explain the observed underabundance of PH3 and overabundance of CO2, including a vertical eddy diffusion coefficient (K
zz) that varies with altitude, incorrect chemical pathways, or elements condensing out in forms such as NH4H2PO4. However, our favored explanation for the required CO2 enhancement is that the quench approximation does not accurately predict the CO2 abundance, as CO2 remains in chemical equilibrium with CO after CO quenches.
The Origin of the Coherent Radio Flash Potentially Associated with GRB 201006A
Authors: Sarin Nikhil , Clarke Teagan A. , Magnall Spencer J. , Lasky Paul D. , Metzger Brian D. , Berger Edo , Sridhar Navin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Rowlinson et al. recently claimed the detection of a coherent radio flash 76.6 minutes after a short gamma-ray burst (GRB). They proposed that the radio emission may be associated with a long-lived neutron star engine. We show through theoretical and observational arguments that the coherent radio emission, if real and indeed associated with GRB 201006A and at the estimated redshift, is unlikely to be due to the collapse of the neutron star, ruling out a blitzar-like mechanism. Instead, we show if a long-lived engine was created, it must have been stable with the radio emission likely linked to the intrinsic magnetar activity. However, we find that the optical upper limits require fine-tuning to be consistent with a magnetar-driven kilonova: we show that neutron-star engines that do satisfy the optical constraints would have produced a bright kilonova afterglow that should already be observable by the Very Large Array or MeerKAT (for ambient densities typical for short GRBs). Given the optical limits and the current lack of a kilonova afterglow, we instead posit that no neutron star survived the merger, and the coherent radio emission was produced far from a black hole central engine via mechanisms such as synchrotron maser or magnetic reconnection in the jet—a scenario consistent with all observations. We encourage future radio follow-up to probe the engine of this exciting event and continued prompt radio follow-up of short GRBs.
The MIRI Exoplanets Orbiting White dwarfs (MEOW) Survey: Mid-infrared Excess Reveals a Giant Planet Candidate around a Nearby White Dwarf
Authors: Limbach Mary Anne , Vanderburg Andrew , Venner Alexander , Blouin Simon , Stevenson Kevin B. , MacDonald Ryan J. , Jenkins Sydney , Bowens-Rubin Rachel , Soares-Furtado Melinda , Morley Caroline , Janson Markus , Debes John , Xu Siyi , Kleisioti Evangelia , Kenworthy Matthew , Butler Paul , Crane Jeffrey D. , Osip Dave , Shectman Stephen , Teske Johanna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The MIRI Exoplanets Orbiting White dwarfs survey is a cycle 2 JWST program to search for exoplanets around dozens of nearby white dwarfs via infrared excess and direct imaging. In this Letter, we present the detection of mid-infrared excess at 18 and 21 μm toward the bright (V = 11.4) metal-polluted white dwarf WD 0310–688. The source of the IR excess is almost certainly within the system; the probability of background contamination is <0.1%. While the IR excess could be due to an unprecedentedly small and cold debris disk, it is best explained by a

3.0

−
1.9

+
5.5

M
Jup cold (248

−
61

+
84

K) giant planet orbiting the white dwarf within the forbidden zone (the region where planets are expected to be destroyed during the star’s red giant phase). We constrain the source of the IR excess to an orbital separation of 0.1–2 au, marking the first discovery of a white dwarf planet candidate within this range of separations. WD 0310–688 is a young remnant of an A- or late B-type star, and at just 10.4 pc, it is now the closest white dwarf with a known planet candidate. Future JWST observations could distinguish the two scenarios by either detecting or ruling out spectral features indicative of a planet atmosphere.
Repeated Partial Disruptions in a White Dwarf–Neutron Star or White Dwarf–Black Hole Merger Modulate the Prompt Emission of Long-duration Merger-type GRBs
Authors: Chen Junping , Shen Rong-Feng , Tan Wen-Jun , Wang Chen-Wei , Xiong Shao-Lin , Chen Run-Chao , Zhang Bin-Bin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have long been an unresolved issue. GRB 230307A stands out as an exceptionally bright event, belonging to the long-duration GRBs but also exhibiting a late-emission component reminiscent of a kilonova. Together with the similar events GRBs 060614 and 211211A, they make up a new subgroup of GRBs with intriguing progenitors. If such long-duration merger-type GRBs originated from the coalescence of a white dwarf (WD) with a neutron star (NS) or a black hole (BH), as proposed in the recent literature, then the larger tidal disruption radius of the WD, together with a nonnegligible residual orbital eccentricity, would make repeated partial tidal disruptions inevitable. This may modulate the mass accretion and jet launching process at the NS or BH, resulting in a quasiperiodic modulation (QPM) in the light curve of the GRB, with a period equal to the orbital period. The detection of potential QPMs during the early episode of prompt emission of these three GRBs supports this scenario, and the relatively slow QPM (> 1 s) suggests that the lighter object cannot be an NS. We propose that the progenitor system of GRBs 230307A, 060614, and 211211A consist of a WD of mass 1.3 M
⊙, 0.9 M
⊙, and 1.4 M
⊙, respectively, and an NS (or BH). After several cycles of modulations, the WD is completely destroyed, and the accretion of the remaining debris dominates the extended emission episode.
Reconciling M/L Ratios Across Cosmic Time: a Concordance IMF for Massive Galaxies
Authors: van Dokkum Pieter , Conroy Charlie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The stellar initial mass function (IMF) is thought to be bottom heavy in the cores of the most massive galaxies, with an excess of low-mass stars compared to the Milky Way. However, studies of the kinematics of quiescent galaxies at 2 < z < 5 find M/L ratios that indicate lighter IMFs. Light IMFs have also been proposed for the unexpected populations of luminous galaxies that JWST has uncovered at z > 7 to reduce tensions with galaxy formation models. Here we explore “ski slope” IMFs that are simultaneously bottom heavy, with a steep slope at low stellar masses, and top heavy, with a shallow slope at high masses. We derive a form of the IMF for massive galaxies that is consistent with measurements in the local universe and yet produces relatively low M/L ratios at high redshift. This concordance IMF has slopes γ
1 = 2.40 ± 0.09, γ
2 = 2.00 ± 0.14, and γ
3 = 1.85 ± 0.11 in the regimes 0.08 M
⊙ – 0.5 M
⊙, 0.5 M⊙ – 1 M
⊙, and >1 M
⊙, respectively. The IMF parameter α, the mass excess compared to a Milky Way IMF, ranges from

log
(
α
)
≈
+
0.3

for present-day galaxies to

log
(
α
)
≈
−
0.1

for their star-forming progenitors. The concordance IMF applies only to the central regions of the most massive galaxies, with velocity dispersions σ ∼ 300 km s−1, and their progenitors. However, it can be generalized using a previously measured relation between α and σ. We arrive at the following modification to the Kroupa (2001) IMF for galaxies with σ ≳ 160 km s−1:

γ
1

≈
1.3
+
4.3
log

σ
160

,

γ
2

≈
2.3
−
1.2
log

σ
160

, and

γ

3

≈
2.3
−
1.7
log

σ

160

, with σ
160 = σ/160 km s−1. If galaxies grow primarily inside out, so that velocity dispersions are relatively stable, these relations should also hold at high redshift.