bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turning trash into treasure:
Hermetia illucens
microbiome and biodegradation of industrial side streams
Authors: Klüber Patrick , Gurusinga Friscasari F. , Hurka Sabine , Vilcinskas Andreas , Tegtmeier Dorothee 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have attracted attention due to their ability to upcycle various biological side streams into valuable biomass, such as proteins, lipids, and chitin. In this study, we investigated the impact of high-fiber diets on larval growth performance and the shift of microbes in the gut. We tested empty fruit bunches (EFB), potato pulp (PP), and cottonseed press cake (CPC), with chicken feed (CF) used as a control diet. We found that larvae reared on the EFB, PP, and CPC were smaller than control larvae at the end of development due to the low nutritional value of the diets. However, survival rates of more than 90% were observed regardless of the diet. We used a cultivation-dependent approach to analyze the microbial community in the gut of BSFL, isolated, and identified a total of 329 bacterial strains.
Bacillaceae
were most frequently isolated from larvae reared on the high-fiber EFB diet. These isolates were predicted to degrade cellulose
in silico
and this was subsequently confirmed
in vitro
using the Congo Red assay. Whereas the members of
Enterobacteriaceae
and
Morganellaceae
were mostly found in guts of larvae reared on the high-protein diets CPC and CF. We conclude that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the digestion of fiber-rich plant organic material, thereby enabling the BSFL to successfully complete their life cycle also on substrates with low nutritional value. As a result, BSFL convert industrial side streams into valuable biomass, reducing waste and promoting sustainability.

IMPORTANCE
Organic side streams from various industries pose a challenge to the environment. They are often present in huge amounts and are mostly discarded, incinerated, used for biogas production, or as feed for ruminant animals. Many plant-based side streams contain difficult-to-digest fiber as well as anti-nutritional or even insecticidal compounds that could harm the animals. These challenges can be addressed using black soldier fly larvae, which are known to degrade various organic substrates and convert them into valuable biomass. This will help mitigate agro-industrial side streams via efficient waste management and will contribute to the more economical and sustainable farming of insects.
Association of
Fusobacterium nucleatum
in human saliva with periodontal status and composition of the salivary microbiome including periodontopathogens
Authors: Akase Takanori , Inubushi Junya , Hayashi-Okada Yoshiko , Shimizu Yasumitsu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Fusobacterium nucleatum
promotes dental biofilm formation, increases the prevalence of periodontal disease, and is associated with systemic diseases such as colorectal cancer. However, differences in the composition of salivary microbiome among groups based on the abundance of
F. nucleatum
are unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the difference in salivary microbiome among groups based on the abundance of
F. nucleatum
in saliva samples collected from 611 subjects in Japan. Salivary DNA was extracted, and the oral microbiome was analyzed using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA. The relationship between
F. nucleatum
and the community periodontal index was evaluated to examine effects on periodontal status, and α- and β-diversity were analyzed in four groups based on quantiles of relative abundance of
F. nucleatum
. Spearman rank correlation tests were used to examine relationships between the relative abundance of
F. nucleatum
and oral bacteria. Subjects with the highest quantiles of
F. nucleatum
had a higher prevalence of periodontitis compared with those with the lowest quantile. β-Diversity also differed among these four groups.
F. nucleatum
showed significant correlations with several periodontopathogens, including the red complex,
Prevotella intermedia
,
Filifactor alocis,
and
Fretibacterium
ssp. These results suggest that the relative abundance of
F. nucleatum
in saliva is associated with periodontal status and the composition of the salivary microbiome, including the red complex and periodontopathogens.

IMPORTANCE

We characterized the composition of the saliva microbiome in groups based on the abundance of
Fusobacterium nucleatum
. There is a lot of periodontitis in subjects with a high abundance of
F. nucleatum
. The diversity of the saliva microbiome was different among groups based on the abundance of
F. nucleatum
. The abundance of
F. nucleatum
correlated with various periodontopathogens including red complex. These results support the influence of the abundance of
F. nucleatum
in saliva on periodontal status and the composition of the salivary microbiome, including the red complex and periodontopathogens.
Multi-omics reveals the effects of dietary supplementation with
Bupleuri radix
branch powder on gut microbiota and lipid metabolism: insights into gut microbial-muscle interactions
Authors: Li Haiyan , Pan Cheng , Wang Fuqiang , Li Zengkai , Shahzad Khuram , Huang Yanping , Zhao Wangsheng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Improving livestock growth and raising the quality of livestock products have attracted much attention owing to the market’s growing need for livestock products.
Bupleuri Radix
branches powder (BR) has a variety of health characteristics, but its effects on ruminant growth and animal product quality are still uncertain. This study explored the effects of BR on growth performance, health status, gut microbiota, and muscle lipid metabolism of Shaanxi fine-wool sheep (SFS), and examined the interaction between gut microbiota and lipid metabolism through correlation analysis. The results indicated that BR can regulate the immune function, intestinal VFAs, and enzyme activity of FSF by improving the gut microbiota, thereby affecting its muscle lipid metabolism. The lipid metabolite TG showed a strong positive correlation with the gut microbes
Bacteroides
and
Fibrobacter
, while Phosphatidylethanolamine and Phosphatidyl serine (PE and PS) showed a significant negative correlation with
Fibrobacter
. The above results indicate that gut microbiota and lipid metabolites interact with each other. BR has the effects of promoting SFS growth, improving body health, and improving meat quality. These findings offer new insights into improve animal growth performance and livestock product quality in modern farming.

IMPORTANCE

Enhancing livestock growth performance and improving meat quality are important guidelines for the development of the current animal husbandry industry; thus, we explored a comprehensive study of
Bupleuri Radix
(BR) on growth performance, gut microbiology, and muscle lipid metabolism in Shaanxi fine-wool sheep (SFS). Our research has found that BR could improve the growth performance of SFS and meat quality by affecting gut microbes. This study provides new solutions to improve the economic efficiency of animal husbandry.
Orogenic Gold Deposits of Northern Transbaikalia, Russia: Geology, Age, Sources, and Genesis
Authors: Chugaev A. V. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The paper presents newly obtained and summarizes preexisting data of long-term geochronological and isotope studies of orogenic mesothermal gold deposits in the world’s largest Lena metallogenic province and reviews interpretations of their genesis. Geochronologic data indicate that the gold mineralization was formed during three ore-forming Paleozoic events. The early Late Ordovician–Early Silurian (450–430 Ma) event produced the abundant veinlet—disseminated gold–sulfide mineralization in Neoproterozoic carbonaceous terrigenous–carbonate rocks of the Baikal–Patom foldbelt (BPB). The mineralization was formed simultaneously with regional metamorphic processes. The rejuvenation of hydrothermal activity in the BPB resulted in gold-bearing quartz veins, which was produced in the Middle Carboniferous (340–330 Ma) in relation to postcollisional granitoid magmatism. The latest ore-forming event occurred in the Early Permian (290–280 Ma) and affected exclusively in Precambrian structures of the Baikal-Muya foldbelt (BMB). It was synchronous with the development of intraplate alkaline and subalkaline magmatism in the region. Newly obtained and preexisting isotopic-geochemical (87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, Pb–Pb, and δ34S) data indicate that the mesothermal ore-forming systems of northern Transbaikalia were heterogeneous in their isotopic characteristics, which distinguishes them from the ore–magmatic (intrusion-related type) systems. Comparison of the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic composition of the ores and rocks, including magmatic rocks coeval with the gold mineralization, indicates that the Precambrian continental crust was the dominant source of mineral-forming components for the hydrothermal systems of the gold deposits. The contribution of the magmatic source to the genesis of the orogenic gold mineralization was limited and is identifiable only for the Early Permian ore-forming systems of the BMB, for which the input of metals from alkaline mafic melts was suggested.
Todd Polynomials and Hirzebruch Numbers
Authors: Buchstaber V. M. , Veselov A. P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In 1956 Hirzebruch found an explicit formula for the denominators of the Todd polynomials, which was proved later in his joint work with Atiyah. We present a new formula for the Todd polynomials in terms of the “forgotten symmetric functions,” which follows from our previous work on complex cobordisms. In particular, this leads to a simpler proof of the Hirzebruch formula and provides new interpretations for the Hirzebruch numbers.
Floquet–Bloch Functions on Non-simply Connected Manifolds, the Aharonov–Bohm Fluxes, and Conformal Invariants of Immersed Surfaces
Authors: Taimanov I. A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We define spectral (Bloch) varieties of multidimensional differential operators on non-simply connected manifolds. In their terms we give a description of the analytic dependence of the spectra of magnetic Laplacians on non-simply connected manifolds on the values of the Aharonov–Bohm fluxes, construct analogs of spectral curves for two-dimensional Dirac operators on Riemann surfaces, and thereby find new conformal invariants of immersions of surfaces into three- and four-dimensional Euclidean spaces.
Females have better metabolic flexibility in different metabolically challenging stimuli
Authors: Benítez-Muñoz José Antonio , Guisado-Cuadrado Isabel , Rojo-Tirado Miguel Ángel , Alcocer-Ayuga María , Romero-Parra Nuria , Peinado Ana Belén , Cupeiro Rocío 
Published: October 2024

The first aim was to explore the difference in metabolic flexibility between sexes in response to changing exercise intensity under control conditions. The second aim was to evaluate metabolic flexibility between sexes in response to exercise intensity adding two different metabolically challenging stimuli (glycogen depletion and heat). Eleven males (22 ± 3 years, 176.2 ± 4 cm, 68.4 ± 4.9 kg, and 60.2 ± 4.1 mL/kg FFM/min) and nine females (22 ± 2 years, 166.7 ± 4.5 cm, 61.9 ± 2.9 kg, and 64.2 ± 5.6 mL/kg FFM/min) performed a maximal incremental exercise test (30 W every 3 min) on a cycle ergometer under three conditions: control (24 h high-carbohydrate diet followed by the incremental test), glycogen depletion (glycogen-depletion protocol followed by 24 h low-carbohydrate diet and then the incremental test), and heat (24 h high-carbohydrate diet followed by 30 min passive heating and then the incremental test in heat). In the last minute of each step, lactate was analysed, fat (FATox/FFM) and carbohydrate oxidation (CHox/FFM), and energy expenditure (EE/FFM) normalized to fat-free mass (FFM) was estimated by indirect calorimetry. Females presented a greater FATox/FFM as exercise intensity increases across conditions (control, glycogen depletion, and heat) ( p = 0.006). In contrast, CHox/FFM was not significantly different between sexes at any specific intensity across conditions ( p > 0.05). Consequently, EE/FFM was higher in females throughout the different intensities across conditions ( p = 0.002). Finally, lactate concentration was not different between sexes at the same intensities across conditions ( p = 0.87). In conclusion, females present a greater metabolic flexibility, due to the higher FATox/FFM throughout the different intensities, regardless of whether the test is performed in conditions emphasizing the oxidative pathway (glycogen depletion) or the glycolytic pathway (heat). Clinical trials: NCT05703100
No Ear Left Behind: Wireless Earbuds for Low-Cost Hearing Screening
Authors: Chan Justin , Glenn Antonio , Itani Malek , Mancl Lisa R. , Gallagher Emily R. 
Published: October 2024

Hearing loss is particularly harmful for language acquisition and neuro-development if it is left undetected in early childhood. Newborn hearing screening technologies using otoacoustic emissions (OAE) rely on detecting soft sounds generated by a healthy cochlea. High-income countries like the United States frequently implement hearing screening programs for every child at birth. However, such universal hearing screening is significantly less common in low- and middle-income countries, partly due to the conventional wisdom that the test requires sensitive and expensive acoustic hardware that costs thousands of dollars.
In our MobiSys paper[1], we present the first wireless earbud design for low-cost hearing screening. Our hardware-software system reliably performs hearing screening using low-cost acoustic hardware, while being in the form-factor of a wireless earbud (Figure. 1a,b). The earbud hardware is designed to work across a large age range from newborns to adults. By developing low-cost and open-source wearable technology, our work may help address global health inequities in hearing screening by democratizing these medical devices.
Lens Displacement and Retinal Injury in Blunt Eye Trauma
Authors: Zhou Jiabei , Ma Xinqi , Duan Fang , Liu Manli , Xie Yiyu , Long Chongde 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the incidence and prognosis of retinal injury in patients with lens dislocation caused by blunt eye trauma.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 53 patients who underwent lensectomy and vitrectomy for contusive lens dislocation and had no preoperative retinal injuries. Patients were categorized according to the presence of retinal injury discovered intraoperatively. The clinical features of 53 eyes were assessed during a 3‐month postoperative follow‐up.Results: Retinal injuries were observed intraoperatively in 28 patients (52.8%), predominantly in peripheral regions, with a single retinal tear being the most common type. Total lens dislocation was more frequent than subluxation in the group with retinal injuries. The intraocular pressure (IOP) at the 3‐month follow‐up was significantly lower than the initial IOP in both groups, with no significant differences between them. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) significantly improved in both groups without significant differences.Conclusion: Half of the patients without preoperative retinal injuries were found to have injuries during surgery. Total lens dislocation carried a greater risk of retinal injuries than subluxation. The improvement in CDVA after prompt retinal injury treatment did not significantly differ from that in patients without retinal injury, highlighting the importance of prompt intervention.
Assessing the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Virtual Food Skills and Food Sustainability Program Designed for Children Living With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Goldstein Sarah , Chow Olivia , Schwartz Joeie , Pais Vanita , Wright Susan , Gucciardi Enza 
Published: October 2024

Objective: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a virtual food skills program for children with type 1 diabetes.Methods: Forty‐three patients, aged 6–14 years with type 1 diabetes, participated in an 8‐week online programme, summerlunch+ At Home, that included weekly live cooking classes, asynchronous learning modules, and quizzes accessed through Google Classroom. Grocery delivery or gift cards were provided to all participants to support equitable access to participation. Descriptive results were summarized, and thematic analysis was performed on answers to a post‐intervention questionnaire, parent/caregivers interview transcripts, and facilitators’ field notes.Results: Participants reported having a positive experience and would recommend the programme to others. Acceptable elements included the online format, the cooking class demonstrations, and the well‐organized content. Families enjoyed the recipes, expressed an improvement in the families’ cooking skills and nutrition knowledge, and noted the program as a way to improve family bonding and reduce participants’ sense of social isolation given the opportunity of meeting peers with diabetes. The intervention also appears to increase participants’ independence, confidence, and self‐esteem. While grocery cards were easier to coordinate compared with meal kits, both were deemed acceptable by caregivers. Barriers to participation include a distracting home environment and not feeling comfortable on camera. Factors that negatively impacted satisfaction were the large age range of participants and the class timing and duration. Caregivers noted a desire for more diabetes education, enhanced peer‐to‐peer interaction, and incorporation of animal‐based protein recipes in future programmes.Conclusion: The current study demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of the virtual summerlunch+ At Home cooking and nutrition program that was adapted for children with diabetes. Similar food skills programmes may support the development of food skills imperative to diabetes self‐management long‐term. Further research can continue to assess food literacy skills, glycemic management, and the social benefits of such interventions.
Dexmedetomidine Combined With Patient‐Controlled Analgesia for Palliative Sedation in Terminal‐Stage Cancer Patients With Refractory Pain: A Retrospective Analysis of Nine Cases
Authors: Li Na , Wang Yumei , Cui Meng 
Published: October 2024

Background: Cancer‐related pain is a pervasive symptom affecting the quality of life in patients with malignant tumors. For those with refractory pain, palliative sedation combined with pain management is recommended. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), known for its unique “awake sedation” effect, remains relatively unexplored when used in conjunction with patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) for terminal‐stage cancer patients. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of DEX for palliative sedation with PCA in patients experiencing refractory pain.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on terminal‐stage cancer patients who received DEX for palliative sedation combined with PCA in a hospice ward between January 2020 and June 2023. Data collection included general patient information, laboratory tests, rating scales, pain and analgesia conditions, sedation details, palliative sedative effects, and changes in vital signs before and after sedation.Results: Nine patients with terminal‐stage cancer received DEX palliative sedation at doses ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 μg/kg·h combined with PCA for refractory pain. After 1 h of sedation and at the maximum sedation dose, the Richmond Agitation‐Sedation Scale scores significantly decreased (all p < 0.001). While heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate remained stable, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure after 1 h of sedation were significantly lower than presedation levels (p = 0.040 and p = 0.044, respectively).Conclusion: DEX emerges as a promising option for palliative sedation in terminal‐stage cancer patients. When used in conjunction with PCA, DEX has been shown to effectively, safely, and stably control refractory pain without inducing adverse effects such as respiratory/circulatory depression.
Targeted Degradation of SOS1 Exhibits Potent Anticancer Activity and Overcomes Resistance in KRAS-Mutant Tumors and BCR–ABL–Positive Leukemia
Authors: Luo Ziwei , Lin Chencen , Yu Chuwei , Yuan Changxian , Wu Wenyong , Xu Xiaowei , Sun Renhong , Jia Yan , Wang Yafang , Shen Jie , Wang Dingyan , Wang Sinan , Jiang Hualiang , Jiang Biao , Yang Xiaobao , Xie Chengying 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1) is an essential guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RAS that also plays a critical role in the activation of the small GTPase RAC mediated by BCR–ABL in leukemogenesis. Despite this, small-molecule inhibitors targeting SOS1 have shown limited efficacy in clinical trials for KRAS-mutant cancers, and their potential as a therapeutic approach for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains largely unexplored. In this study, we developed a potent SOS1 proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) SIAIS562055, which was designed by connecting a CRBN ligand to an analog of the SOS1 inhibitor BI-3406. SIAIS562055 exhibited sustained degradation of SOS1 and inhibition of downstream ERK pathways, resulting in superior antiproliferative activity compared with small-molecule inhibitors. SIAIS562055 also potentiated the activity of both KRAS inhibitors in KRAS-mutant cancers and ABL inhibitors in BCR–ABL–positive CML. In KRAS-mutant xenografts, SIAIS562055 displayed promising antitumor potency as a monotherapy and enhanced ERK inhibition and tumor regression when combined with KRAS inhibitors, overcoming acquired resistance. In CML cells, SIAIS562055 promoted the active uptake of BCR–ABL inhibitors by upregulating the carnitine/organic cation transporter SLC22A4. SIAIS562055 and BCR–ABL inhibitors synergistically enhanced inhibition of ABL phosphorylation and downstream signaling, demonstrating robust antitumor activities in both mouse xenografts and primary samples from patients with CML. In summary, this study suggests that PROTAC-mediated SOS1 degradation represents an effective therapeutic strategy for treating not only KRAS-mutant cancers but also BCR–ABL–harboring leukemia.
Significance: The PROTAC SIAIS562055 sustainably degrades SOS1 and inhibits downstream ERK signaling, showing strong antiproliferative activity and synergistic effects with KRAS inhibitors in KRAS-mutant cancers and BCR–ABL inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia.