bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near‐infrared Spectroscopy Monitoring During Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Cournoyer Alexis , Iseppon Massimiliano , Chauny Jean‐Marc , Denault André , Cossette Sylvie , Notebaert Éric 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundTissue oximetry using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive monitor of cerebral oxygenation. This new technology has been used during cardiac arrest (CA) because of its ability to give measures in low‐blood‐flow situations. The aim of this study was to assess the evidence regarding the association between the types ofNIRSmeasurements (mean, initial, and highest values) and resuscitation outcomes (return of spontaneous circulation [ROSC], survival to discharge, and good neurologic outcome) in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.MethodsThis review was registered (ProsperoCRD42015017380) and is reported as per thePRISMAguidelines. Medline, Embase, andCENTRALwere searched. All studies, except case reports and case series of fewer than five patients, reporting on adults that hadNIRSmonitoring duringCAwere eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers assessed the quality of the included articles and extracted the data. The outcome effect was standardized using standardized mean difference (SMD).ResultsTwenty nonrandomized observational studies (15 articles and five conference abstracts) were included in this review, for a total of 2,436 patients. We found a stronger association betweenROSCand meanNIRSvalues (SMD = 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92 to 1.74) than betweenROSCand initialNIRSmeasurements (SMD = 0.51; 95%CI = 0.23 to 0.78). There was too much heterogeneity among the highestNIRSmeasurements group to perform meta‐analysis. Only two of the 75 patients who experiencedROSChad a meanNIRSsaturation under 30%. Patients who survived to discharge and who had good neurologic outcome displayed superior combined initial and meanNIRSvalues than their counterparts (SMD = 1.63; 95%CI = 1.34 to 1.92; andSMD = 2.12; 95%CI = 1.14 to 3.10).ConclusionsPatients with good resuscitation outcomes have significantly higherNIRSsaturations during resuscitation than their counterparts. The types ofNIRSmeasurements during resuscitation influenced the association betweenROSCandNIRSsaturation. Prolonged failure to obtain aNIRSsaturation higher than 30% may be included in a multimodal approach to the decision of terminating resuscitation efforts (ClassIIb, Level of Evidence C‐Limited Data).
A new perspective on performance persistence: evidence using portfolio holdings
Authors: Bennett Scott , Gallagher David R. , Harman Graham , Warren Geoffrey J. , Xi Yuki 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe investigate the existence and sources of performance persistence for Australian equity funds, using monthly portfolio holdings data. We find significant persistence among outperforming rather than underperforming funds, which is primarily related to security selection skill, and is associated with growth‐orientated funds. Meanwhile, the relation between persistence and momentum is secondary and nuanced. Further, persistence largely derives from existing holdings, while subsequent active trading contributes only moderately positive returns for both outperforming and underperforming funds. We also find that persistence fades beyond 6 months and vanishes after 24 months. Our findings differ from those for U.S. equity funds and previous Australian studies, implying that persistence may vary with market context and its identification may depend on data availability.
Neuropsychological and neuroimaging underpinnings of schizoaffective disorder: a systematic review
Authors: Madre M. , Canales‐Rodríguez E. J. , Ortiz‐Gil J. , Murru A. , Torrent C. , Bramon E. , Perez V. , Orth M. , Brambilla P. , Vieta E. , Amann B. L. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesThe neurobiological basis and nosological status of schizoaffective disorder remains elusive and controversial. This study provides a systematic review of neurocognitive and neuroimaging findings in the disorder.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted via PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Knowledge (from 1949 to 31st March 2015) using the keyword ‘schizoaffective disorder’ and any of the following terms: ‘neuropsychology’, ‘cognition’, ‘structural neuroimaging’, ‘functional neuroimaging’, ‘multimodal’, ‘DTI’ and ‘VBM’. Only studies that explicitly examined a well defined sample, or subsample, of patients with schizoaffective disorder were included.ResultsTwenty‐two of 43 neuropsychological and 19 of 51 neuroimaging articles fulfilled inclusion criteria. We found a general trend towards schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder being related to worse cognitive performance than bipolar disorder. Grey matter volume loss in schizoaffective disorder is also more comparable to schizophrenia than to bipolar disorder which seems consistent across further neuroimaging techniques.ConclusionsNeurocognitive and neuroimaging abnormalities in schizoaffective disorder resemble more schizophrenia than bipolar disorder. This is suggestive for schizoaffective disorder being a subtype of schizophrenia or being part of the continuum spectrum model of psychosis, with schizoaffective disorder being more skewed towards schizophrenia than bipolar disorder.
Recovery from major depressive disorder episode after non‐pharmacological treatment is associated with normalized cytokine levels
Authors: Dahl J. , Ormstad H. , Aass H. C. D. , Sandvik L. , Malt U. F. , Andreassen O. A. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundSeveral lines of evidence show that the immune system is implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and that treatment with antidepressants affects cytokine and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels. Few studies have investigated immune markers during non‐pharmacological treatment. In this follow‐up study, we investigated whether CRP and elevated plasma cytokine levels observed before treatment of an acute episode of MDD are normalized during non‐pharmacological treatment.MethodsWe obtained clinical assessments and blood for CRP and cytokine analysis from 50 unmedicated MDD patients, and cytokine levels from healthy controls. The patients received ‘therapy as usual’ for 12 weeks, and the assessments were then repeated. Of the 43 completers, 29 patients did not receive medication.ResultsIn the patients receiving treatment without antidepressants, the depressive symptoms and the plasma levels of eight cytokines (interleukin (IL)‐1Ra, IL‐5,‐6,‐8,‐10, G‐CSF, IFN‐γ, and TNF‐α) were significantly reduced (P = 0.002–0.048). The cytokine levels were no longer different from the controls. The plasma CRP level did not change.ConclusionCytokine plasma levels normalized during recovery from an acute depressive episode in MDD without antidepressant treatment. These findings may have implications for the understanding of the role of the immune system in depression and recovery from depression.
The New World grass‐thrips genus Plesiothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and its palaeotropical relationships
Authors: Mound Laurence , Lima Elison , O'Donnell Cheryle , Cavalleri Adriano 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMorphological character states displayed by Plesiothrips Hood, a New World genus of grass‐living thrips, are assessed. This assessment indicates that Plesiothrips shares more character states with genera from Southeast Asia, including the Trichromothrips genus‐group, than with any New World Thripinae. Sorghothrips sakagami (Kudo) comb. n. is removed from Plesiothrips; Taeniothrips aberrans Crawford syn. n. is considered a new synonym of Plesiothrips amblycauda Hood; and an illustrated identification key is given to 16 Plesiothrips species for which females are known.
Estimating the impact of farmer field schools in sub‐Saharan Africa: the case of cocoa
Authors: Tsiboe Francis , Dixon Bruce L. , Nalley Lawton L. , Popp Jennie S. , Luckstead Jeff 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study measures the economic impact of the first phase of the Cocoa Livelihood Program (CLP‐I), a current World Cocoa Foundation (WCF) project, sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and aimed at improving the livelihood of over 200,000 small cocoa producers in sub‐Saharan Africa via training, crop diversification, and farmer‐based organizations. Using data collected from 2,048 pre‐ and post‐CLP‐I interviews of cocoa producers in Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, Nigeria, and Cameroon, the results show that yield enhancements attributable to CLP‐I are 32%, 34%, 50%, and 62% in Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria, and Cameroon, respectively. Using a total program cost of $151–$200 per beneficiary and estimated annual benefits of $109–$322 per beneficiary over 25 years, the benefit‐cost ratios are estimated to range from $18 to $62 for every dollar spent on human capital development. These results suggest the WCF should endeavor to increase the number of farmers who receive all, not some, of the components of the program. This would not only help ensure that each producer obtains as much human capital as possible from each of the training programs but increases the probability of reaching the CLP goal of doubling the income of cocoa‐growing households.
ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES OF A PUBLIC ENTERPRISE IN OLIGOPOLY REVISITED: AN EXTENSION TO STACKELBERG COMPETITION
Authors: Hamada Kojun 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper revisits De Fraja and Delbono (1989), which is the seminal paper on mixed oligopoly, in order to pay more attention to Stackelberg competition. First, we show that, even in Cournot competition, if the number of private firms is sufficiently small, privatization necessarily reduces social welfare. Second, we demonstrate that when a public firm is a Stackelberg leader before and after privatization, privatization necessarily reduces welfare irrespective of the number of private firms. Moreover, we show that even when a public firm remains a follower, privatization reduces welfare if the number of private firms is relatively small.
Surgical treatment for diabetic vitreoretinal diseases: a review
Authors: Sharma Tarun , Fong Angie , Lai Timothy Y , Lee Vincent , Das Sudipta , Lam Dennis 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOver the past four decades, advancements in surgical instrumentations and techniques have significantly improved the postoperative anatomical and visual outcomes of patients with various diabetic vitreoretinal diseases. In particular, surgical interventions for previously serious and untreatable blinding proliferative diabetic retinopathy can now be performed, with much better results. The advents of micro incisional vitrectomy system with better visualization system like binocular indirect ophthalmomicroscope and state‐of‐the‐art instrumentation revolutionized the era of diabetic vitrectomy. High‐speed vitrectors, finer instruments, chromo‐assisted vitrectomy and use of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors not only change the paradigm but also help achieve much better outcome after diabetic vitrectomies. In this review, we will discuss and summarize the indications, surgical considerations, surgical techniques, potential complications and outcomes of vitreoretinal surgery for diabetic eye diseases.
Motion Style Retargeting to Characters With Different Morphologies
Authors: Abdul‐Massih M. , Yoo I. , Benes B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe present a novel approach for style retargeting to non‐humanoid characters by allowing extracted stylistic features from one character to be added to the motion of another character with a different body morphology. We introduce the concept of groups of body parts (GBPs), for example, the torso, legs and tail, and we argue that they can be used to capture the individual style of a character motion. By separating GBPs from a character, the user can define mappings between characters with different morphologies. We automatically extract the motion of each GBP from the source, map it to the target and then use a constrained optimization to adjust all joints in each GBP in the target to preserve the original motion while expressing the style of the source. We show results on characters that present different morphologies to the source motion from which the style is extracted. The style transfer is intuitive and provides a high level of control. For most of the examples in this paper, the definition of GBP takes around 5 min and the optimization about 7 min on average. For the most complicated examples, the definition of three GBPs and their mapping takes about 10 min and the optimization another 30 min.
Evaluation of zirconia‐based posterior single crowns supported by zirconia implants: preliminary results of a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Spies Benedikt Christopher , Kohal Ralf‐Joachim , Balmer Marc , Vach Kirstin , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this uncontrolled prospective multicenter study was to determine the success and survival rate of posterior single crowns composed of zirconia frameworks hand‐layered with a leucite‐reinforced feldspathic ceramic supported by one‐piece zirconia oral implants.Material and methodsIn two centers, sixty patients received 71 zirconia oral implants. To obtain a clear indication of posterior implant‐supported single crowns (ISSCs), 14 patients (25 implants) were excluded from the analysis (11 bridges, three anterior crowns). The remaining patients were provided with single implants in posterior regions. As one patient lost his implant and another refused further participation after final prosthesis insertion, 44 ISSCs/patients (19 females, 25 males) were available for evaluation. Of these patients, all were seen at prosthetic delivery and the 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up appointments. Evaluations were performed using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Restorations within Alpha and Bravo ratings were regarded as success. This included minor chippings, a slight roughness, slightly soundable restoration margins and minimal contour deficiencies. In case of more distinct defects that could, however, be repaired to a clinically acceptable level, restorations were regarded as surviving. Kaplan–Meier plots and log‐rank tests were used for the success/survival analyses and the calculation of potential group differences (gender, jaw and center).ResultsAfter a mean observation period of 12.5 months (SD: 0.8 months), no ISSC had to be replaced, resulting in a Kaplan–Meier survival rate of 100%. The Kaplan–Meier success rate was 90.9% (one major chipping, one obvious roughness, one significant crevice and one pronounced over‐contouring). Minor chippings and occlusal roughness were frequent complications. No significantly different survival/success rates could be observed between the mentioned groups.ConclusionThe frequent incidence of minor chippings suggests a high technique sensitivity when providing zirconia implants with veneered zirconia‐based crowns questioning its suitability for this indication.
Applying the dark diversity concept to nature conservation
Authors: Lewis Rob J. , de Bello Francesco , Bennett Jonathan A. , Fibich Pavel , Finerty Genevieve E. , Götzenberger Lars , Hiiesalu Inga , Kasari Liis , Lepš Jan , Májeková Maria , Mudrák Ondřej , Riibak Kersti , Ronk Argo , Rychtecká Terezie , Vitová Alena , Pärtel Meelis 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLinking diversity to biological processes is central for developing informed and effective conservation decisions. Unfortunately, observable patterns provide only a proportion of the information necessary for fully understanding the mechanisms and processes acting on a particular population or community. We suggest conservation managers use the often overlooked information relative to species absences and pay particular attention to dark diversity (i.e., a set of species that are absent from a site but that could disperse to and establish there, in other words, the absent portion of a habitat‐specific species pool). Together with existing ecological metrics, concepts, and conservation tools, dark diversity can be used to complement and further develop conservation prioritization and management decisions through an understanding of biodiversity relativized by its potential (i.e., its species pool). Furthermore, through a detailed understanding of the population, community, and functional dark diversity, the restoration potential of degraded habitats can be more rigorously assessed and so to the likelihood of successful species invasions. We suggest the application of the dark diversity concept is currently an underappreciated source of information that is valuable for conservation applications ranging from macroscale conservation prioritization to more locally scaled restoration ecology and the management of invasive species.
The role of digital data entry in participatory environmental monitoring
Authors: Brammer Jeremy R. , Brunet Nicolas D. , Burton A. Cole , Cuerrier Alain , Danielsen Finn , Dewan Kanwaljeet , Herrmann Thora Martina , Jackson Micha V. , Kennett Rod , Larocque Guillaume , Mulrennan Monica , Pratihast Arun Kumar , Saint‐Arnaud Marie , Scott Colin , Humphries Murray M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMany argue that monitoring conducted exclusively by scientists is insufficient to address ongoing environmental challenges. One solution entails the use of mobile digital devices in participatory monitoring (PM) programs. But how digital data entry affects programs with varying levels of stakeholder participation, from nonscientists collecting field data to nonscientists administering every step of a monitoring program, remains unclear. We reviewed the successes, in terms of management interventions and sustainability, of 107 monitoring programs described in the literature (hereafter programs) and compared these with case studies from our PM experiences in Australia, Canada, Ethiopia, Ghana, Greenland, and Vietnam (hereafter cases). Our literature review showed that participatory programs were less likely to use digital devices, and 2 of our 3 more participatory cases were also slow to adopt digital data entry. Programs that were participatory and used digital devices were more likely to report management actions, which was consistent with cases in Ethiopia, Greenland, and Australia. Programs engaging volunteers were more frequently reported as ongoing, but those involving digital data entry were less often sustained when data collectors were volunteers. For the Vietnamese and Canadian cases, sustainability was undermined by a mismatch in stakeholder objectives. In the Ghanaian case, complex field protocols diminished monitoring sustainability. Innovative technologies attract interest, but the foundation of effective participatory adaptive monitoring depends more on collaboratively defined questions, objectives, conceptual models, and monitoring approaches. When this foundation is built through effective partnerships, digital data entry can enable the collection of more data of higher quality. Without this foundation, or when implemented ineffectively or unnecessarily, digital data entry can be an additional expense that distracts from core monitoring objectives and undermines project sustainability. The appropriate role of digital data entry in PM likely depends more on the context in which it is used and less on the technology itself.
Rectal mobilization: the place of Denonvilliers' fascia and inconsistencies in the literature
Authors: Chapuis P. H. , Kaw A. , Zhang M. , Sinclair G. , Bokey L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractConfusion remains as to what is meant by Denonvilliers' fascia. This review searched the literature on pelvic surgical anatomy to determine whether there is agreement with Denonvilliers' original description and its implication in defining the correct anterior plane of dissection when mobilizing the rectum. The original French description of the fascia was translated into English and then compared both with French and with English studies identified by searching PubMed, Medline and Scopus from 1836 to June 2015. Special emphasis was given to the years between 1980 and 2015 in order to capture the literature pertinent to, and following on from, the description of total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. The final literature search revealed 16 studies from the original 2150 citations. Much of the debate was concerned with the origin and development of the fascia, arising from either the ‘fusion’ or the ‘condensation’ of local primitive tissue into a mature ‘multilayered’ structure. Controversy regarding the correct plane of rectal mobilization occurs as a result of different interpretations by surgeons, anatomists and radiologists and bears little resemblance to Denonvilliers' original description. This may reflect wide anatomical variability in the adult pelvis or a form of dissection artefact. Further study is required to investigate this. Logically, for both men and women, the plane of rectal mobilization should be behind Denonvilliers' fascia and between it and the fascia propria of the rectum.
Efficacy and safety of once‐daily insulin degludec/insulin aspart compared with once‐daily insulin glargine in participants with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized, treat‐to‐target study
Authors: Kumar S. , Jang H. C. , Demirağ N. G. , Skjøth T. V. , Endahl L. , Bode B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsTo investigate, in a 26‐week, open‐label, randomized, treat‐to‐target trial, the efficacy and safety of insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) once daily vs insulin glargine (IGlar) once daily in adults with Type 2 diabetes, inadequately controlled on basal insulin.MethodsParticipants were randomized (1:1) to IDegAsp once daily or IGlar once daily in combination with existing oral antidiabetic drugs. IDegAsp once daily was administered with the main evening meal or the largest meal of the day (agreed at baseline); dosing time was maintained throughout the trial. Participants titrated their insulin dose weekly to a mean pre‐breakfast self‐measured plasma glucose target [3.9–4.9 mmol/l (70–89 mg/dl)].ResultsIDegAsp once daily was non‐inferior to IGlar once daily in reducing HbA1c after 26 weeks [mean estimated treatment difference IDegAsp once daily − IGlar once daily: −0.03% (95% CI −0.20, 0.14)]. The evening meal glucose increment was significantly lower with IDegAsp once daily vs IGlar once daily [estimated treatment difference IDegAsp once daily − IGlar once daily: −1.32 mmol/l (95% CI −1.93, −0.72); P < 0.05]. The overall confirmed hypoglycaemia rate was higher with IDegAsp once daily (estimated rate ratio 1.43; 95% CI 1.07, 1.92; P < 0.05). The rate of nocturnal hypoglycaemia did not significantly differ between the IDegAsp and IGlar groups [estimated rate ratio 0.80 (95% CI 0.49, 1.30); not significant].ConclusionsIn participants with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal insulin, IDegAsp once daily improved glycaemic control and was non‐inferior to IGlar once daily. IDegAsp led to higher rates of overall hypoglycaemia than IGlar, with no significant difference in rates of nocturnal hypoglycaemia.