bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNAi epimutations conferring antifungal drug resistance are inheritable
Authors: Pérez-Arques Carlos , Navarro-Mendoza María Isabel , Xu Ziyan , Walther Grit , Heitman Joseph 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEpimutations modify gene expression and lead to phenotypic variation while the encoding DNA sequence remains unchanged. Epimutations mediated by RNA interference (RNAi) and/or chromatin modifications can confer antifungal drug resistance and may impact virulence traits in fungi. However, whether these epigenetic modifications can be transmitted across generations following sexual reproduction was unclear. This study demonstrates that RNAi epimutations conferring antifungal drug resistance are transgenerationally inherited in the human fungal pathogenMucor circinelloides. Our research revealed that RNAi-based antifungal resistance follows a DNA sequenceindependent, non-Mendelian inheritance pattern. Small RNAs (sRNAs) are the exclusive determinants of inheritance, transmitting drug resistance independently of other known repressive epigenetic modifications. Unique sRNA signature patterns can be traced through inheritance from parent to progeny, further supporting RNA as an alternative molecule for transmitting information across generations. Understanding how epimutations occur, propagate, and confer resistance may enable their detection in other eukaryotic pathogens, provide solutions for challenges posed by rising antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR), and also advance research on phenotypic adaptability and its evolutionary implications.
Prefrontal orchestration: a cortical network for rodent motor inhibition
Authors: Jäckel Zoe , Schwaderlapp Niels , Adzemovic Ahmed , Steenbergen Florian , Hardung Stefanie , Fuchs Katharina , Leibold Christian , Zaitsev Maxim , Diester Ilka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGoal-directed action control and behavioral flexibility are prerequisites for effective, adaptive behavior. Both abilities rely on functional motor inhibition, which is linked to the prefrontal cortex (PFC), where distinct subsections collaborate in functional networks. How these PFC subsections interact and which roles they play during motor inhibition remains incompletely understood. In this study, we employed an action-preparation task in rats, combined with bidirectional optogenetic interventions, opto-fMRI, single unit electrophysiology and local field potential synchrony measurements across PFC subsections. Our findings support a clear and simple model of action inhibition within the prefrontal network. This model suggests prelimbic cortex (PL) as an input-dependent switch between motor inhibition and execution, modulated by an infralimbic cortex (IL)-dominated network. This distribution of tasks allows the PL to mediate goal-directed action while the IL ensures behavioral flexibility.Abstract FigureGraphical Abstract:Behavioral measurements were conducted alongside optogenetic modulation of PL, IL or VO. Inhibitory modulation led to varying effects on performance, while excitatory ChR2 stimulation of PL, IL or VO led to analogous effects on proactive motor inhibition. To identify shared nodes recruited by ChR2 stimulation of distinct PFC subareas, we performed whole-brain mapping with opto-fMRI. This revealed an overlapping activation volume spanning PFC, BF, Fr, Cg2, and M2. Notably, this common activation volume closely outlined the entirety of the IL-recruited regions; IL excitation also produced robust behavioral effects. Multisite recordings revealed task performance-dependent PL-IL delta synchrony. PCA of single-unit activity during behavior revealed varied neural patterns among PFC subsections, highlighting PL to have the most the homogenous input-driven activity. The findings can be interpreted as PL acting as an input-dependent switch between motor inhibition and execution, modulated by IL to maintain behavioral flexibility.
A role for class I PAKs in the regulation of the excitability of the actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Tyler Joe J. , Davidson Anthony , Poxon Megan E. , Martinez Montserrat Llanses , Hume Pete , King Jason S. , Koronakis Vassilis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractP21 activated kinases (PAKs) are involved in a wide range of functions from the regulation of the cytoskeleton to the control of apoptosis and proliferation. Although many PAK substrates identified are implicated in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, a coherent picture of the total effect of PAK activation on the state of the actin cytoskeleton is unclear. We therefore set out to observe and quantify the effect of PAK inhibition on the actin cytoskeleton in greater detail. In Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts, inhibition of PAK kinase activity, either by treatment with small molecule inhibitors or overexpression of mutant PAK constructs leads to the constitutive production of patches of the phosphoinositide PIP3 on the ventral surface of the cell. The formation of these patches remodels the actin cytoskeleton and polarises the cell. From the overexpression of truncated and mutant PAK constructs as well as anin vitromodel of PAK recruitment to small GTPases we propose that this is due to a hyper recruitment of PAK and PAK binding partners in the absence of PAK kinase activity. This aberrant production of PIP3 suggests that, by limiting its own recruitment, the kinase activity of class I PAKs acts to downregulate PI3K activity, further highlighting class I PAKs as regulators of PI3K activity and therefore the excitability of the actin cytoskeleton.
Genomic and structural insights into Jyvaskylavirus, the first giant virus isolated from Finland
Authors: de Freitas Almeida Gabriel Magno , Arriaga Iker , de Azevedo Bruna Luiza , Leppänen Miika , Abrahao Jonatas Santos , Andreani Julien , Zabeo Davide , Ravantti Janne , Abrescia Nicola GA , Sundberg Lotta-Riina 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGiant viruses of protists are a diverse and likely ubiquitous group of organisms. Here, we describe Jyvaskylavirus, the first giant virus isolated from Finland. This clade B marseillevirus was found inAcanthamoeba castellaniifrom a composting soil sample in Jyväskylä, Central Finland. Its genome shares similarities with other marseilleviruses. Helium ion microscopy and electron microscopy of infected cells unraveled stages of the Jyvaskylavirus lifecycle. We reconstructed the Jyvaskylavirus particle to 6.3 Å resolution using cryo-EM. The ∼2,500 Å diameter virion displays structural similarities to otherMarseilleviridaegiant viruses. The capsid comprises of 9,240 copies of the major capsid protein ORF184, which possesses a double jellyroll fold arranged in trimers forming pseudo-hexameric capsomers. Below the capsid shell, the internal membrane vesicle encloses the genome. Through cross-structural and -sequence comparisons with otherMarseilleviridaeusing AI-based software in model building and prediction, we elucidated ORF142 as the penton protein, which plugs the twelve vertices of the capsid. Five additional ORFs were identified, with models predicted and fitted into densities that either cap the capsomers externally or stabilize them internally. The isolation of Jyvaskylavirus suggests that these viruses may be widespread in the boreal environment and provide structural insights extendable to other marseilleviruses.
Accurate and flexible estimation of effective population size history
Authors: Huang Zhendong , Chan Yao-ban , Balding David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCurrent methods for inferring historical population sizes from DNA sequences often impose a heavy computational burden, or relieve that burden by imposing a fixed parametric form. In addition, they can be marred by sequencing errors or uncertainty about recombination rates, and the quality of inference is often poor in the recent past. We propose “InferNo” for flexible, nonparametric inference of effective population sizes. It requires modest computing resources and little prior knowledge of the recombination and mutation maps, and is robust to sequencing error and gene conversion. We illustrate the statistical and computational advantages of InferNo over previous approaches using a range of simulation scenarios. In particular, we demonstrate the ability of InferNo to exploit biobank-scale datasets for accurate inference of rapid population size changes in the recent past. We also apply InferNo to worldwide human data, finding remarkable similarities in inferences from different populations in the same region. Unlike previous studies, we show two historic bottlenecks for most of the non-African populations.
Understanding Neuronal Diversity: Role of Input Dynamics and Filtering
Authors: Joshi Nishant , van der Burg Sven , Celikel Tansu , Zeldenrust Fleur 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYNeurons exhibit diverse morphological, electrophysiological, and transcriptomic properties. Their role as spatiotemporal filters suggests that the interaction between input dynamics and postsynaptic neuronal properties should be crucial for shaping this diversity. To test this, barrel cortex neurons were studied using two input types: a “step-and-hold” stimulus and a dynamic input mimicking presynaptic activity. It was found that stimulus type strongly influenced neuronal classification. Neuronal heterogeneity under a dynamic stimulus was further analyzed using four attribute sets: action potential attributes, passive biophysical attributes, adaptation current, and linear input filters via the Spike Triggered Average (STA). Multi-set factor analysis revealed that the linear input filter explained the most private variance, making it the most informative attribute for neuronal heterogeneity. These findings highlight the interplay between input dynamics and neuron’s linear filtering properties as key to understanding functional neuronal diversity, emphasizing the need to go beyond static intrinsic features for understanding neuronal heterogeneity.
White Matter Microstructural Alterations in Autism Localized with Bundle Analytics
Authors: Kim Gaon S. , Chandio Bramsh Q. , Benavidez Sebastian M. , Thompson Paul M. , Lawrence Katherine E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPrevious diffusion magnetic resonance imaging research in autism has reported altered microstructure in the corpus callosum (CC), the major commissure connecting the two brain hemispheres. However, the CC consists of many fibers connecting various brain regions, and the precise localization of these differences in autism remains unclear. Additionally, the conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) model cannot resolve complex fiber configurations and may miss subtle alterations. In this study, we investigated CC microstructure in 365 participants (5-25 years; 34.0% female; 195 with autism) from 10 sites/scanners by using a novel along-tract mapping method, BUndle ANalytics (BUAN), and advanced microstructure model, the tensor distribution function (TDF). Autism was associated with regionally specific reductions in white matter integrity and elevations in diffusivity. The TDF model detected CC microstructure differences more sensitively than DTI. Taken together, BUAN and TDF allow for precise and rigorous white matter analyses, enhancing the detection of subtle neural differences.
Integrated single cell functional-proteomic profiling of human skeletal muscle reveals a shift in cellular specificity in nemaline myopathy
Authors: Seaborne Robert A.E. , Moreno-Justicia Roger , Laitila Jenni , Lewis Chris T. A. , Savoure Lola , Zanoteli Edmar , Lawlor Michael W , Jungbluth Heinz , Deshmukh Atul S. , Ochala Julien 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSkeletal muscle is a complex syncytial arrangement of an array of cell types and, in the case of muscle specific cells (myofibers), sub-types. There exists extensive heterogeneity in skeletal muscle functional behaviour and molecular landscape, at the cell composition, myofiber sub-type and intra-myofiber sub-type level. This heterogeneity highlights limitations in currently applied methodological approaches, which has stagnated our understanding of fundamental skeletal muscle biology in both healthy and myopathic contexts. Here, we developed a novel approach that combines a fluorescence based assay for the biophysical examination of the sarcomeric protein, myosin, coupled with same-myofiber high sensitivity proteome profiling, termed Single Myofiber Protein Function-Omics (SMPFO). Successfully applying this approach to healthy human skeletal muscle tissue, we identify the integrate relationship between myofiber functionality and the underlying proteomic landscape that guides divergent, but physiologically important, behaviour in myofiber sub-types. By applying SMPFO to two forms of human nemaline myopathy (ACTA1andTNNT1mutations), we reveal significant reduction in the divergence of myofiber sub-types, across both biophysical and proteomic behaviour. Collectively, we develop SMPFO as a novel approach to study skeletal muscle with greater specificity, accuracy and resolution then currently applied methods, facilitating that advancement in understanding of SkM tissue in both healthy and diseased states.
Intensive
γ
-ray light sources based on oriented single crystals
Authors: Sushko Gennady B. , Korol Andrei V. , Solov’yov Andrey V. 
Published: October 2024

The feasibility of gamma-ray light sources based on the channeling phenomenon of ultrarelativistic electrons and positrons in oriented single crystals is demonstrated using rigorous numerical modeling. Case studies are presented for 10 GeV and sub-GeV e−/e+ beams incident on 10−1−100  mm thick diamond and silicon crystals. It is shown that for moderate values of the beam average current (≲10  μA), the average photon flux in the energy range of 100–102  MeV emitted within the 101–103  μrad cone and 1% bandwidth can be on the level of 1010  photon/s for electrons and 1010–1012  photon/s for positrons. These values are higher than the fluxes available at modern laser-Compton gamma-ray light sources.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Effect of cathodic current density on hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of X70 steel girth weld in different soil simulation solutions
Authors: Liu Quan , Wei Renchao , Feng Qingshan , Dai Lianshuang , Huo Xiaotong , Wang Dongying , Yang Zhiwen , Wang Bei , Wang Xiuyun , Wang Chong , Wang Yanjun 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
In this paper, the authors aim to study the relationship between hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility and cathodic current density applied on the X70 steel girth welds.

Design/methodology/approach
The HE susceptibility of X70 steel girth welds were investigated through slow strain rate tensile test and observed and analyzed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope methods.

Findings
The results show that HE susceptibility of X70 girth weld was basically unchanged with increasing of ion concentration while gradually increased and maintain at a specific value with the increase of cathodic current density. As for same ion content, a dense calcareous deposit layer generated on the sample surface in soil simulation solution with Ca2+ and Mg2+ resulted a decreased HE susceptibility while the porous calcareous deposit layer resulted a increased HE susceptibility.

Originality/value
A logistic regression model was established to describe the correlation between HE index and the cathodic current density.
The gamut of technology, social media and avatar in the organic food market
Authors: Kaur Supreet , Paul Justin 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThe present study is centric on the organic food sector and explores the role of social media in pushing local farmers onto the market shelves. The study is intended to analyse the ground reality of the producers and the innate challenges of the traditional market structure. The study aims to explore the impact of social media in establishing small-scale producers in the organic food sector.Design/methodology/approachThe study is pragmatic in approach and with the help of a semi-structured personal investigation it delves deeper and uses an interpretative phenomenological approach to analyse the anecdotes shared by the subjects.FindingsThe study finds that access to social media windows leads to a corresponding jump in the sales and brand image of the producers.Originality/valueThe study is novice and original in approach confirming the impact of social media on local farmers and producers. It showcases the power of social media in leveraging the state of the economy of the marginalised sections.
Impact of big data and data analytics on the provision of data services in academic libraries
Authors: Shah Naimat Ullah , Naeem Salman Bin , Bhatti Rubina , Khan Amjid , Wang Xia 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine the level of awareness among library and information science (LIS) professionals regarding the perceived utility of big data (BD) and data analytics (DA) in academic libraries, as well as their influence on the provision of data services (DSs).

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional survey was carried out to collect the data for this study. The population of this study comprised LIS professionals working in public sector university libraries. A four-factor measurement model estimating the influence of BD and DA on the provision of DSs in academic libraries was tested using the structural equation modelling.

Findings
The findings revealed that awareness (AW) (β = 0.141, CR = 2.534, p = 0.011) demonstrated a significant positive influence on the provision of DSs. The perceived utility of BD (β = 0.058, CR = 0.582, p = 0.561), and perceived utility of DA (β = 0.141, CR = 2.534, p = 0.905) exhibits a positive but statistically non-significant impact on the provision of DSs (β = 0.010, CR = 0.120, p = 0.905). The goodness of fit indices suggest a favourable fit for the model, as evidenced by the following values: χ2 = 1.400, DF = 164; p = 0.001; IFI = 0.954; TLI = 0.946; CFI = 0.953; GFI = 0.906; and RMSEA = 0.043.

Originality/value
A new perspective on the use of BD and DA in academic libraries is presented in this study. It presents a four-factor measurement model on the influence of BD and DA on the provision of DSs in university libraries.
The dark side of algorithmic management: investigating how and when algorithmic management relates to employee knowledge hiding?
Authors: Liu Ping , Yuan Ling , Jiang Zhenwu 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Over the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have rapidly advanced organizational management, with many organizations adopting AI-based algorithms to enhance employee management efficiency. However, there remains a lack of sufficient empirical research on the specific impacts of these algorithmic management practices on employee behavior, particularly the potential negative effects. To address this gap, this study constructs a model based on the psychological ownership theory, aiming to investigate how algorithmic management affects employees’ knowledge hiding.

Design/methodology/approach
This study validates the model through a situational experiment and a multi-wave field study involving full-time employees in organizations implementing algorithmic management. Various analytical methods, including analysis of variance, regression analysis and path analysis, were used to systematically test the hypotheses.

Findings
The study reveals that algorithmic management exerts a positive indirect influence on knowledge hiding through the psychological ownership of personal knowledge. This effect is particularly pronounced when employees have lower organizational identification, highlighting the critical role of organizational culture in the effectiveness of technological applications.

Originality/value
This study is among the first empirical investigations to explore the relationship between algorithmic management and employee knowledge hiding from an individual perception perspective. By applying psychological ownership theory, it not only addresses the current theoretical gap regarding the negative effects of algorithmic management but also provides new theoretical and empirical support for the governance and prevention of knowledge hiding within organizations in the context of AI algorithm application. The study highlights the importance of considering employee psychology (i.e. psychological ownership of personal knowledge) and organizational culture (i.e. organizational identification) under algorithmic management. This understanding aids organizations in better managing knowledge risks while maximizing technological advantages and effectively designing organizational change strategies.
Listeners’ perspectives of a co-designed podcast on mental illness stigma: a qualitative study
Authors: Waldman Ella , Phillips Lisa , Carrotte Elise Rose 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Stigma towards people living with complex mental health issues is widespread and harmful, preventing help-seeking behaviour, fostering social exclusion and decreasing self-efficacy. This study aims to investigate the usefulness and drawbacks of a mental health-themed podcast in reducing stigma.

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 participants who had each listened to three episodes of the co-designed podcast “On the Same Wavelength”. Interview data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Findings
Four themes were generated: learning from a trustworthy source; connecting with lived experience; reducing stigma, one listener at a time; and a high-quality podcast with limited reach. Listeners appraised the podcast as improving their attitudes and behavioural intentions towards people living with mental illness and their understanding of mental illness and stigma. They perceived the lived experience narratives as its most impactful element, but felt the podcast might not have mass appeal.

Originality/value
Despite the popularity of mental health-themed podcasts, there is limited research examining their potential to reduce stigma. This study provided insight into the usefulness, listener acceptability and impactful elements of such podcasts, by exploring listeners’ perspectives of a new podcast co-designed to reduce stigma.
Recycled aggregate with GGBS geopolymer concrete behaviour on elevated temperatures
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Pratap Bheem , Sahu Anasuya 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis study explored the effects of incorporating RA into geopolymer concrete, particularly examining its performance under ambient and elevated temperatures ranging from ambient temperature to 700°C.Design/methodology/approachThe current study incorporates RA to replace conventional aggregates in the mix, with replacement levels ranging from 0 to 50%. Each mix designation is identified by a unique ID: RA0, RA10, RA20, RA30, RA40 and RA50, representing the percentage of RA used. The alkaline-to-binder ratio adopted for this study is 0.43.FindingsThe compressive strength starts at 50.51 MPa for 0% RA and decreases to 39.12 MPa for 50% RA after 28 days. It is highest with 0% RA and diminishes as the RA content increases. All mixes show a slight increase in compressive strength when heated to 100°C. However, the compressive strength starts to decrease for all mixes at 300°C. At 700°C, there is a drastic drop in compressive strength for all mixes, indicating significant structural degradation at this temperature.Originality/valueThe study evaluates the qualitative impact of RA on the properties of geopolymer concrete when exposed to severe temperatures. The experimental setup included several tests to assess the concrete mixes' mechanical properties and responses. Specifically, the researchers conducted compressive, flexural and split tensile strength tests.