bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of bisphosphonates on mandibular condyle of ovariectomized osteoporotic rats using micro‐ct and histomorphometric analysis
Authors: Jiang Liting , Shen Xing , Wei Li , Zhou Qi , Gao Yiming 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate microarchitectural changes in condylar cartilage and associated subchondral bone after bisphosphonates treatment using an ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporosis rat model.MethodsThirty six‐month‐old female Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, OVX, and risedronate (RIS)‐treated groups. Both OVX and RIS groups received bilateral ovariectomy. OVX group was treated subcutaneously with saline, whereas RIS group received risedronate treatment (2.4 μg/kg) subcutaneously for 3 months. At the end of 3 months, animals were sacrificed and the entire condyles were harvested for micro‐CT and histological analyses. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to assess the expression of type I/II collagen protein by semiquantitative imaging analysis.ResultsMicro‐CT analysis showed OVX group had significant condylar subchondral bone loss compared to sham as shown by significant decrease in bone volume fraction (P = 0.028), trabecular thickness (P = 0.041), and significant increase in trabecular spacing (P = 0.003). In RIS group, partial inhibition of OVX‐induced bone loss was detected. HE staining showed proliferative layer of condylar cartilage reduced, while hypertrophic chondrocyte layer increased significantly in RIS group compared to sham and OVX groups. IHC showed reduced expression of Col I in both the OVX and RIS groups, whereas expression of Col II was reduced in the OVX group but increased in the RIS group.ConclusionOur findings suggest that systemic bisphosphonate treatment influences the structure and ossification of condylar cartilage and it has a dual action on condyle in a postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model which raises the concerns for the potential side effects of BPs on condyle to elder patients.
Morphology and phylogeny of a new wall‐less freshwater volvocalean flagellate, Hapalochloris nozakii gen. et sp. nov. (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae)
Authors: Nakada Takashi , Tomita Masaru 
Published: October 2016

New strains of a wall‐less unicellular volvocalean flagellate were isolated from a freshwater environment in Japan. Observations of the alga, described here as Hapalochloris nozakii Nakada, gen. et sp. nov., were made using light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. Each vegetative cell had two flagella, four contractile vacuoles, and a spirally furrowed cup‐shaped chloroplast with an axial pyrenoid, and mitochondria located in the furrows. Based on the morphology, H. nozakii was distinguished from other known wall‐less volvocalean flagellates. Under electron microscopy, fibrous material, instead of a cell wall and dense cortical microtubules, was observed outside and inside the cell membrane, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of 18S rRNA gene sequences, H. nozakii was found to be closely related to Asterococcus, Oogamochlamys, Rhysamphichloris, and “Dunaliella” lateralis and was separated from other known wall‐less flagellate volvocaleans, indicating independent secondary loss of the cell wall in H. nozakii. In the combined 18S rRNA and chloroplast gene tree, H. nozakii was sister to Lobochlamys.
Invasive fungal infections in pediatric patients treated with tumor necrosis alpha (TNF‐α) inhibitors
Authors: Tragiannidis Athanasios , Kyriakidis Ioannis , Zündorf Ilse , Groll Andreas H. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryMacromolecular immunosuppressive monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins directed against molecules or cells involved in inflammation and immunity represent a recent and important addition to our therapeutic armamentarium. Tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and clinical utilization of its antagonists has revolutionized treatment of juvenile rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and plaque psoriasis. Clinical utility has also been demonstrated for use against steroid‐refractory graft‐vs‐host disease and other immune‐mediated conditions. Currently, five anti‐TNFα agents are approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), including the monoclonal anti‐TNF antibodies infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab and certolizumab pegol along with etanercept, a TNFα‐receptor/IgG‐Fc fusion protein. Theoretical considerations related to their mode of action and clinical observations suggest that opportunistic infectious complications should be seriously considered as possible adverse events of macromolecular immunosuppressants. The purpose of this review is to critically analyze the literature on invasive fungal infections (IFIs) occurring in association with TNFα inhibitors alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive agents, with a focus on pediatric patients, and to provide a framework of evaluating the risk for IFIs in this population.
Celebrating the Work of Jeanne M. Brett: Building Bridges and Making Connections
Authors: Adair Wendi L. , Behfar Kristin J. , Olekalns Mara , Shapiro Debra L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this tribute to the 2009 recipient of the International Association for Conflict Management Lifetime Achievement Award Winner, we celebrate the work of Jeanne M. Brett. Each of us highlights a few unique contributions from four areas of Jeanne's research: (a) getting disputes resolved (Debra Shapiro); (b) negotiating globally (Wendi Adair); (c) illuminating the shadow box of negotiation process (Mara Olekalns); and (d) managing team processes (Kristin Behfar). Together we identify common themes across these areas of Jeanne's research and invite Jeanne to reflect on future research opportunities and impart her words of wisdom to doctoral students and young scholars.
A new method to estimate photosynthetic parameters through net assimilation rate−intercellular space CO2 concentration (A−Ci) curve and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements
Authors: Moualeu‐Ngangue Dany P. , Chen Tsu‐Wei , Stützel Hartmut 
Published: October 2016

Summary

Gas exchange (GE) and chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) measurements are widely used to noninvasively study photosynthetic parameters, for example the rates of maximum Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax), electron transport rate (J), daytime respiration (Rd) and mesophyll conductance (gm).

Existing methods for fitting GE data (net assimilation rate−intercellular space CO2 concentration (A−Ci) curve) are based on two assumptions: gm is unvaried with CO2 concentration in the intercellular space (Ci); and light absorption (α) and the proportion of quanta absorbed by photosystem II (β) are constant in the data set. These may result in significant bias in estimating photosynthetic parameters.

To avoid the above‐mentioned hypotheses, we present a new method for fitting A−Ci curves and CF data simultaneously. This method was applied to a data set obtained from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaves of various leaf ages and grown under eight different light conditions.

The new method had significantly lower root mean square error and a lower rate of failures compared with previously published methods (6.72% versus 24.1%, respectively) and the effect of light conditions on Vcmax and J was better observed. Furthermore, the new method allows the estimation of a new parameter, the fraction of incoming irradiance harvested by photosystem II, and the dependence of gm on Ci.
Salinity risk assessment using fuzzy multiple criteria evaluation
Authors: Buchanan S. , Huang J. , Triantafilis J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFor agricultural productivity, primary salinity constitutes a hazard. Understanding the risk of secondary salinization is also important and it is necessary to map all these hazards and the overall risk. One approach is digital soil mapping. We have developed hazard maps of root zone (0–2 m) and subsurface (6–12 m) salinity, as well as groundwater height, using empirical best linear unbiased prediction using proximal and remotely sensed ancillary data. To convert the hazards into salinity risk maps and account for some uncertainty, fuzzy membership functions (FMF) were used in conjunction with semantic import models that consider the vulnerability of agricultural crops. Therefore, we developed memberships (μ) to three salinity risk classes and created maps of each, including root zone (μRSR) and subsurface (μSSR) salinity, and depth to groundwater (μGTR). To estimate groundwater (μGSR) and overall salinity risk (μOSR), fuzzy multiple criteria evaluation was undertaken. To account for μGSR, the μSSR and μGTR were combined using a t‐norm operator, and μOSR was accounted for by combining μRSR and μGSR using a t‐conorm operator. The approach was applied to an area growing irrigated cotton. Cross‐validation shows predicted μOSR was good, with an agreement rate of 70.6%. The predicted μOSR was consistent with that of many areas affected by point‐source salinity. The method provides an effective way of mapping salinity hazard and risk. Incorporation of FMF provides a meaningful continuum of membership and allows the incorporation of uncertainty. Salinity risk can be calculated relative to any vegetation community and locations where management actions to moderate soil salinization can be identified.
Experience with miltefosine for persistent or relapsing visceral leishmaniasis in solid organ transplant recipients: A case series from Spain
Authors: Pérez‐Jacoiste Asín Maria A. , Carrasco‐Antón Nerea , Fernández‐Ruiz Mario , San Juan Rafael , Alonso‐Moralejo Rodrigo , González Esther , Andrés Amado , López‐Medrano Francisco , Aguado Jose M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) after solid organ transplantation (SOT) is increasing. The optimal therapy for post‐transplant VL remains unclear, as relapses after liposomal amphotericin B (L‐AmB) are common. Miltefosine has been shown to be effective for treating VL in immunocompetent patients, although data in the specific population of SOT recipients are lacking. In the setting of an outbreak of leishmaniasis occurring in Southwest Madrid, we reviewed our experience in 6 SOT recipients with persistent or relapsing VL who received a 28‐day course of miltefosine (2.5 mg/kg/day) as salvage therapy. All patients had been treated previously with L‐AmB as first‐line therapy. The incident episode of VL occurred at a median of 14 months after transplantation. Two patients experienced persistent infection and the remaining 4 had a relapse after a median interval of 168 days since the completion of the course of L‐AmB. All the patients had an apparent initial clinical improvement with miltefosine. However, VL relapsed in 3 of them (after a median interval of 46 days), which required retreatment with L‐AmB‐based regimens. Miltefosine therapy was followed by a prolonged secondary prophylaxis with L‐AmB in the only 2 cases with sustained clinical response and ongoing immunosuppression. No adverse effects associated with miltefosine were observed. Albeit limited, our experience suggests that miltefosine monotherapy likely has a limited utility to obtain a long‐lasting clinical response in complicated (persistent or relapsing) forms of post‐transplant VL, although its role in association with L‐AmB‐based secondary prophylaxis may merit further investigation.
Pipelining in a Changing Competitive Environment
Authors: Jones E. Glynn , Wishart Donald M. 
Published: October 2016

The changing competitive environment for the pipeline industry presents a broad spectrum of new challenges and opportunities: international cooperation; globalization of opportunities, organizations and competition; an integrated systems approach to system configuration, financing, contracting strategy, materials sourcing, and operations; “cutting edge” and emerging technologies; adherence to high standards of environmental protection; an emphasis on safety; innovative approaches to project financing; and advances in technology and programs to maintain the long term, cost effective integrity of operating pipeline systems.
These challenges and opportunities are partially a result of the increasingly competitive nature of pipeline development and the public’s intolerance to incidents of pipeline failure. A creative systems approach to these challenges is often the key to the project moving ahead. This usually encompasses collaboration among users of the pipeline, pipeline owners and operators, international engineering and construction companies, equipment and materials suppliers, in-country engineers and constructors, international lending agencies and financial institutions.
Unleashing the Hidden Value of a Pipeline Through the Use of Visual Communications
Authors: Connor Paul B. 
Published: October 2016

How does the communication of information affect the pipeline industry? People are becoming more aware of the pipeline industry and how it may affect individuals and landowners in the future. Corporations are producing commuications tools to alleviate the lack of knowledge and the hidden value of energy pipelines.
This case study examines two projects: “Passing through Edson” examines a winter pipeline construction job in Edson, Alberta. The story is told by the people on the job. We examine the environmental issues, economic impact, Native employment, and winter construction techniques. The “Boy Chief” video examines the impact of an archaeological dig on the prairies. In this program we have insight into the aboriginal history of the area and how the pipeline company is helping people learn more about the Native way of life.
The paper examine how communication tools like these, allow employees access to information when communicating to stakeholders.
Target Reliability Levels for Pipeline Limit States Design
Authors: Zimmerman T. J. E. , Chen Q. , Pandey M. D. 
Published: October 2016

The limit states design appendix currently being developed for inclusion in the Canadian Standards Association pipeline design code, Z662, Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems contains preliminary partial safety factors that were selected on the basis that they result in designs similar to those produced using the existing working stress design standards.
This paper suggests an approach for selecting partial factors for limit states design of pipelines based on formal reliability analysis. Such an approach recognizes that consistent safety levels can be achieved for different pipeline sections by varying the target reliability as a function of the severity of failure consequences, where consequences are measured in terms of public safety, economic costs, and damage to the environment. Where the consequences of failure are more severe, higher reliability is required. Where the consequences are less severe, lower reliability can be tolerated, with the same risk level being achieved.
This paper reviews the limit states design method and discusses the selection of target reliability levels and the reliability analysis procedures used to calibrate partial design factors.
Pipeline Maintenance Planning Based on Quantitative Risk Analysis
Authors: Stephens M. J. , Nessim M. A. 
Published: October 2016

The integrity of aging pipeline systems is a major concern for operating companies. Because maintenance budgets are limited by economic constraints, operators must decide on how to best allocate the available maintenance resources. Optimal resource allocation involves the identification of high risk segments, and the determination of integrity maintenance activities for those segments that will lead to the highest reduction in overall operating risk.
To identify high risk segments it is necessary to quantify the probability of line failure and to evaluate the consequences associated with different types of failure. To identify optimal maintenance activities for high risk segments it is also necessary to quantify the reductions in failure probabilities associated with various candidate integrity maintenance activities. Under the sponsorship of a number of pipeline companies and Government Agencies, C-FER has initiated a Joint Industry Program (JIP), to develop quantitative risk-based models and software tools for estimating the current level of operating risk and the risk reduction potential associated with distinct segments of pipe within a pipeline system.
The key steps in the methodology are system prioritization and maintenance optimization. At the prioritization stage, segment-specific attributes are processed to provide an estimate of the failure rate for individual segments, and an estimate of the potential consequences of line failure. The failure rates are then combined with the loss potential into a measure of risk, and used to rank segments according to the calculated level of operating risk. At the maintenance optimization stage, a formal decision analysis approach is employed to identify the best maintenance strategy for high risk segments based on a comparison of the costs and risk reductions associated with each available option.
Quality and Risk Management: Complementary Management Techniques to Assist Pipeline Life Cycle Integrity
Authors: Fowlie Bruce E. 
Published: October 2016

In recent years, numerous management techniques have come forward. Many of these techniques are perceived as independent and not complementary to each other. This may have led many people to suggest that the various techniques are nothing more than buzzwords and flavor of the month philosophies. Understanding the various techniques and their complementary aspects is perhaps the greatest tool for the management of a pipeline system throughout its life cycle.
This paper discusses the main features of quality management and risk management. It also demonstrates the advantage of merging these two techniques thereby causing the organization to better manage life cycle design, operation and cost. Lastly, this paper illustrates that external communications can be improved by communicating both the quality and risk management aspects of the work.
Public Safety Risk Assessment of Natural Gas Liquids Pipelines
Authors: Zelensky Michael J. , Springer W. Arthur J. 
Published: October 2016

Public safety risks are becoming an important issue in the planning of new pipelines and the operation of existing pipelines. Pipelines are initially routed to avoid densely populated areas. However, new developments may encroach on existing pipelines. Risks to the public can be estimated to determine an adequate setback distance.
The methodology for risk assessment is described using a Canadian case study. Ethane, propane, butane and pentanes are commonly transported as liquids in pipelines. These compounds have a high vapour pressure, and when accidentally released, may form a flammable dense gas cloud. If the cloud is ignited, a flash fire or vapour cloud explosion may occur. Consequences and frequencies of the selected hazardous incidents are provided. Individual risk levels in rural and urban areas along the pipeline are presented and compared to the risk-based land use planning guidelines of the Major Industrial Accidents Council of Canada.
Comparison of Ring Expansion vs Flat Tensile Testing for Determining Linepipe Yield Strength
Authors: Saikaly Wahib E. , Bailey William D. , Collins Laurie E. 
Published: October 2016

Ring expansion testing has been compared to conventional tensile testing as a means to evaluate the circumferential yield strength of pipe products. It was found that ring expansion testing provides a more accurate determination of hoop yield stress than tensile testing of flattened pipe samples. In addition, ring testing was found to be more sensitive to the metallurgical condition of the steel. Tests were conducted on ERW and Spiral pipes. Different grades and diameter to thickness (D/t) ratios were evaluated.
In comparison to tensile testing on flattened specimens, ring expansion tests gave: a) higher yield strength; and b) reduced standard deviation in test data. The difference in yield strength measured by ring and tensile tests increased with increasing grade and lower D/t. The higher yield strength measured in the ring test is a result of reducing the Bauschinger effect associated with flattening tensile samples. The reduced standard deviation is due to the elimination of flatness and machining variations that occur on a flattened tensile specimen. It was concluded that ring testing provides a true measure of pipe circumferential yield stress.
The Use of Thermoplastic Lined Pipelines for Aggressive Hydrocarbon Service
Authors: Woodward Kenneth A. , Al-Hassan Tariq 
Published: October 2016

This study is related to the use of thermoplastic liners to control corrosion of new and rehabilitated pipelines carrying aggressive hydrocarbon products. The aim is to investigate the technical and safety issues involved in introducing a thermoplastic liner into an existing carbon steel pipeline for aggressive hydrocarbon service at temperatures up to 150°C and internal pressures up to 34 MPa (5000 psi). The principal objective is to provide design data for thermoplastic lined pipelines. The scope combines the use of liner insertion techniques with thermoplastic materials widely used in onshore pipelines and demonstrates the effectiveness of thermoplastic linings.
The results indicate that thermoplastic liners can be used to control corrosion of pipelines in aggressive hydrocarbon environments.
Predictive and Preventive Maintenance of Oil and Gas Production Pipelines in the Area North Monagas-Venezuela
Authors: Pérez Miguel Angel Lugo 
Published: October 2016

Predictive maintenance of oil and gas production pipelines has allowed tp predict operational failures. Specially due to the thermodynamic behavior of the produced fluids, contaminants present in the oil and gas such as sand, water, H2S and CO2, asphaltene deposition, high temperatures and pressures, phisicochemical characteristics of the soil, etc. that would lead to risks of the installations.
In order to minimize risks of failures, we have stablish a control and monitoring preventive program of the variables that influence this conditions, such as: non-destructive testing, wall thickness measurements and two dimensional B Scan measurements to detect impurities, laminations and inclusions in the pipeline material, corrosion evaluation of pipelines, characterization of the soil corrosive potential of flow stations and compressing plants.
Aditionally, we have implementede predictive control through the application of external corrosion prevention techniques such as cathodic protection and coatings. For internal corrosion, the use of corrosion inhibitors, asphaltene dispersants and material selection. Increasing the protection through preventive and predictive maintenance we can reduce the operational risks involved for the oil and gas production.