bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and later dementia: a Swedish National Register Study
Authors: Andolf Ellika G. , Sydsjö Gunilla C.M. , Bladh Marie K. , Berg Goran , Sharma Surendra 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroductionOur aim was to investigate the rate of vascular dementia and dementia in women with previous hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, since white matter lesions of the brain and cardiovascular disease are linked both to dementia and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.Material and methodsProspective population‐based registry study on all women giving birth in Sweden between 1973 and 1975 (284 598). Women with and without hypertensive disorders in pregnancy were identified by means of the Swedish Medical Birth Register and linked to the National Patient Register, where data on somatic disease later in life were obtained. International classification of disease was used. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate hazard ratios for both groups and adjusted for possible confounders. Main outcome measures were in‐hospital diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, vascular dementia and dementia.ResultsNo increased risks were seen for vascular dementia or dementia after any hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. If broken down in specific diagnoses for hypertensive disease in pregnancy, adjusted risks for vascular dementia after hypertension and proteinuria during pregnancy the hazard ratio was 6.27 (95% CI 1.65–27.44). Higher risks for cardiovascular disease were confirmed.ConclusionsBecause of the very low absolute risk, the wide confidence interval and risk of misclassification, our results on vascular dementia could be questioned. Considering the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, the findings of brain lesions and the increased risk for cardiovascular disease, the possibly increased risk for all kinds of dementia must be investigated in larger and more well‐defined cohorts.
Chronic drug‐induced effects on contractile motion properties and cardiac biomarkers in human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Kopljar Ivan , De Bondt An , Vinken Petra , Teisman Ard , Damiano Bruce , Goeminne Nick , Van den Wyngaert Ilse , Gallacher David J , Lu Hua Rong 
Published: January 2017

Background and PurposeIn the pharmaceutical industry risk assessments of chronic cardiac safety liabilities are mostly performed during late stages of preclinical drug development using in vivo animal models. Here, we explored the potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS‐CMs) to detect chronic cardiac risks such as drug‐induced cardiomyocyte toxicity.Experimental ApproachVideo microscopy‐based motion field imaging was applied to evaluate the chronic effect (over 72 h) of cardiotoxic drugs on the contractile motion of hiPS‐CMs. In parallel, the release of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), heart fatty acid binding protein (FABP3) and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) was analysed from cell medium, and transcriptional profiling of hiPS‐CMs was done at the end of the experiment.Key ResultsDifferent cardiotoxic drugs altered the contractile motion properties of hiPS‐CMs together with increasing the release of cardiac biomarkers. FABP3 and cTnI were shown to be potential surrogates to predict cardiotoxicity in hiPS‐CMs, whereas NT‐proBNP seemed to be a less valuable biomarker. Furthermore, drug‐induced cardiotoxicity produced by chronic exposure of hiPS‐CMs to arsenic trioxide, doxorubicin or panobinostat was associated with different profiles of changes in contractile parameters, biomarker release and transcriptional expression.Conclusion and ImplicationsWe have shown that a parallel assessment of motion field imaging‐derived contractile properties, release of biomarkers and transcriptional changes can detect diverse mechanisms of chronic drug‐induced cardiac liabilities in hiPS‐CMs. Hence, hiPS‐CMs could potentially improve and accelerate cardiovascular de‐risking of compounds at earlier stages of drug discovery.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on New Insights into Cardiotoxicity Caused by Chemotherapeutic Agents. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.21/issuetoc
Can blood flow restriction augment muscle activation during high‐load training?
Authors: Dankel Scott J. , Buckner Samuel L. , Jessee Matthew B. , Mattocks Kevin T. , Mouser J. Grant , Counts Brittany R. , Laurentino Gilberto C. , Loenneke Jeremy P. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIntroductionBlood flow restriction has been shown to augment muscle activation and increase muscle size when combined with low‐load training; however, much less is known on whether blood flow restriction can augment muscle activation during high‐load exercise.PurposeTo determine whether applying blood flow restriction can augment muscle activation with traditional high‐load resistance exercise.MethodTen individuals completed two sets of elbow flexion exercise to volitional fatigue. The control arm rested for 3 min between sets while the experimental arm had blood flow restriction applied for 3 min.ResultThe blood flow restricted arm completed significantly fewer repetitions in set 2 in comparison with set 1 [set 1: 9 (1), set 2: 4 (1); P<0·001], whereas no meaningful differences were observed in the control arm [set 1: 8 (1), set 2: 7 (1); P = 0·057]. There was no interaction for muscle activation (P = 0·851) with both conditions significantly lower at the start of set 2 [87 (26)%] in comparison with the end of set 1 [106 (40)%] or end of set 2 [103 (33)%].ConclusionThe application of blood flow restriction does not augment muscle activation present with high‐load exercise and would seem unlikely to induce greater muscle hypertrophy.
Over‐the‐scope clip closure for treatment of post‐pancreaticogastrostomy pancreatic fistula: A case series
Authors: Mangiafico Santi , Caruso Angelo , Manta Raffaele , Grande Giuseppe , Bertani Helga , Mirante Vincenzo , Pigò Flavia , Magnano Luigi , Manno Mauro , Conigliaro Rita 
Published: January 2017

Background and AimThe over‐the‐scope clip (OTSC) system is a recently developed endoscopic device. In the last few years, it has been successfully used for severe bleeding or deep wall lesions, or perforations of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We hereby report a series of patients with post‐pancreaticogastrostomy pancreatic fistula in whom OTSC were used as endoscopic treatment.MethodsFrom January 2012 to July 2015, we prospectively collected data on cases of postoperative pancreatic fistula. These patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in a high‐volume center of hepatobiliopancreatic surgery. After conservative management, OTSC closure was done by single skilled operators in anesthesiologist‐assisted deep sedation.ResultsA total of seven patients were enrolled. According to the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery criteria, we observed grade B postoperative pancreatic fistula in all cases. All patients were treated with 12/6 t‐type OTSC. In two cases, a second clip was successfully applied to a second site adjacent to the original closure site. In all cases, subsequent fluoroscopy showed no contrastographic spreading through the wall. There were no complications related to the procedure itself, not from the endoscopy point of view, nor from the anesthesiological perspective. There were no device malfunctions. Further clinical and endoscopic evaluation was made 8 weeks later and showed no fistula or anastomotic defect recurrence. No patients required additional endoscopic or interventional procedures.ConclusionIn consideration of clinical and technical success, OTSC placement in POPF seems to be effective, safe and technically relatively easy to carry out.
Gene expression boundary scaling and organ size regulation in the Drosophila embryo
Authors: Amourda Christopher , Saunders Timothy E. 
Published: January 2017

How the shape and size of tissues and organs is regulated during development is a major question in developmental biology. Such regulation relies upon both intrinsic cues (such as signaling networks) and extrinsic inputs (such as from neighboring tissues). Here, we focus on pattern formation and organ development during Drosophila embryogenesis. In particular, we outline the importance of both biochemical and mechanical tissue–tissue interactions in size regulation. We describe how the Drosophila embryo can potentially provide novel insights into how shape and size are regulated during development. We focus on gene expression boundary scaling in the early embryo and how size is regulated in three organs (hindgut, trachea, and ventral nerve cord) later in development, with particular focus on the role of tissue–tissue interactions. Overall, we demonstrate that Drosophila embryogenesis provides a suitable model system for studying spatial and temporal scaling and size control in vivo.
Effects of β‐blockers on all‐cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease
Authors: Tsujimoto Tetsuro , Sugiyama Takehiro , Kajio Hiroshi 
Published: January 2017

AimsTo assess whether the use of beta‐blockers influences mortality and the incidence of major cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD).Materials and methodsUsing data from the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes trial, we performed Cox proportional hazards analysis to assess the effects of β‐blockers on all‐cause mortality in 2244 patients with type 2 diabetes who had stable CHD with and without a history of myocardial infarction (MI)/heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF).ResultsAll‐cause mortality in patients with MI/HFrEF was significantly lower in those receiving β‐blockers than in those not receiving β‐blockers (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37‐0.98;
P
= .04), whereas that in patients without MI/HFrEF did not significantly differ (adjusted HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.76‐1.32;
P
= .64). Among patients with MI/HFrEF, all‐cause mortality in those who received intensive medical therapy alone for CHD was significantly lower in those on β‐blockers than in those not on β‐blockers (adjusted HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.23‐0.88;
P
= .02); however, mortality in patients who received early revascularization for CHD was not significantly lower in those on β‐blockers (adjusted HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.40‐1.65;
P
= .57). The risk of major cardiovascular events in patients without MI/HFrEF was not significantly different between those on and those not on β‐blocker treatment.ConclusionsIn patients with diabetes and CHD, the use of β‐blockers was effective in reducing all‐cause mortality in those with MI/HFrEF but not in those without MI/HFrEF.
Outpatient 60‐hour day‐and‐night glucose control with dual‐hormone artificial pancreas, single‐hormone artificial pancreas, or sensor‐augmented pump therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes: An open‐label, randomised, crossover, controlled trial
Authors: Haidar Ahmad , Messier Virginie , Legault Laurent , Ladouceur Martin , Rabasa‐Lhoret Rémi 
Published: January 2017

AimsTo assess whether the dual‐hormone (insulin and glucagon) artificial pancreas reduces hypoglycaemia compared to the single‐hormone (insulin alone) artificial pancreas in outpatient settings during the day and night.Material and methodsIn a randomized, three‐way, crossover trial we compared the dual‐hormone artificial pancreas, the single‐hormone artificial pancreas and sensor‐augmented pump therapy (control) in 23 adults with type 1 diabetes. Each intervention was applied from 8 AM Day 1 to 8 PM Day 3 (60 hours) in outpatient free‐living conditions. The primary outcome was time spent with sensor glucose levels below 4.0 mmol/L. A P value of less than .017 was regarded as significant.ResultsThe median difference between the dual‐hormone system and the single‐hormone system was −2.3% (P = .072) for time spent below 4.0 mmol/L, −1.3% (P = .017) for time below 3.5 mmol/L, and −0.7% (P = .031) for time below 3.3 mmol/L. Both systems reduced (P < .017) hypoglycaemia below 4.0, 3.5 and 3.3 mmol/L compared to control therapy, but reductions were larger with the dual‐hormone system than with the single‐hormone system (medians −4.0% vs −3.4% for 4.0 mmol/L; −2.7% vs −2.2% for 3.5 mmol/L; and −2.2% vs −1.2% for 3.3 mmol/L). There were 34 hypoglycaemic events (<3.0 mmol/L for 20 minutes) with control therapy, 14 with the single‐hormone system and 6 with the dual‐hormone system. These differences in hypoglycaemia were observed while mean glucose level was low and comparable in all interventions (P = NS).ConclusionsThe dual‐hormone artificial pancreas had the lowest risk of hypoglycaemia, but the differences were not statistically significant. Larger studies are needed.
Delivering Effective Blended Learning: Managing the Dichotomy of Humility and Hubris in Executive Education
Authors: Lockhart James , McKee Dorothy , Donnelly Debbie 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe dichotomy of humility and hubris among participants in Executive Education courses presents faculty with a source of heterogeneity not disclosed through the common descriptive statistics of sex, age, education and employment. This article discusses the impact of this dichotomy on the design and delivery of effective executive education. In this domain, a premium is charged and the value of collective learning experiences is often promoted. The authors reflect on the value created from offering blended learning experiences to executives over the last decade. Attention is paid to which components can be delivered effectively through web‐based course management systems (CMS) and which components need to be delivered through conventional face‐to‐face delivery. Particular attention is paid to the dichotomy of humility and hubris among participants. Humility is often found to be masked in an online experience while hubris can emerge with consequences to effective cohort learning. The latter is also more obvious in face‐to‐face delivery where it can, perhaps, be better managed. However, experience has shown that is not always so easily managed in in‐house programs. Recommendations are made to enhance design and delivery that accounts for the humility and hubris dichotomy.
The effects of flow on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) redd distribution in a UK chalk stream between 1980 and 2015
Authors: Parry Elinor S. , Gregory Stephen D. , Lauridsen Rasmus B. , Griffiths Siân W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAtlantic salmon are an ecologically and economically important migratory fish in the UK, whose stocks have been declining over the past 30 years. Future climate and water use changes have the potential to alter the reproductive behaviour and distribution of salmon within a river, by restricting times and ability to access suitable spawning areas. As the survival of emergent salmon juveniles is density dependent, understanding how climate‐driven changes in flow affect the location of salmon redds is important for future conservation efforts. This study examined how flow conditions affect the distribution of redds within a UK chalk stream, the river Frome in Dorset. Sixteen years of redd distribution and flow data between 1980 and 2015 were analysed using linear mixed‐effects modelling. Generally, highest redd densities occurred within middle reaches of the main river. Mean flow during the river Frome critical migration period (October–December) did not affect the density of redds directly but affected the relationship between redd density and distance from tidal limit: redd densities were spread more uniformly throughout the river under high flow conditions, whereas redds were more aggregated in the middle river reaches under low flow conditions. Together, these findings suggest that access to upstream spawning grounds was limited under low flow conditions, which could have negative repercussions on juvenile survival. This study has revealed the distribution of redds along the river Frome for the first time and provided a basis for further study into the effects of redd distribution on subsequent juvenile life stages.
Dispersal and neutral sampling mediate contingent effects of disturbance on plant beta‐diversity: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Catano Christopher P. , Dickson Timothy L. , Myers Jonathan A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA major challenge in ecology, conservation and global‐change biology is to understand why biodiversity responds differently to similar environmental changes. Contingent biodiversity responses may depend on how disturbance and dispersal interact to alter variation in community composition (β‐diversity) and assembly mechanisms. However, quantitative syntheses of these patterns and processes across studies are lacking. Using null‐models and meta‐analyses of 22 factorial experiments in herbaceous plant communities across Europe and North America, we show that disturbance diversifies communities when dispersal is limited, but homogenises communities when combined with increased immigration from the species pool. In contrast to the hypothesis that disturbance and dispersal mediate the strength of niche assembly, both processes altered β‐diversity through neutral‐sampling effects on numbers of individuals and species in communities. Our synthesis suggests that stochastic effects of disturbance and dispersal on community assembly play an important, but underappreciated, role in mediating biotic homogenisation and biodiversity responses to environmental change.
Establishment of woody species across 26 years of revegetation on a Queensland coal mine
Authors: Neldner Victor J. , Ngugi Michael R. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe establishment success of woody plant species at 56 revegetation sites, four to 26 years old, across the Meandu open‐cut coal mine in south‐east Queensland was assessed. The revegetation process involved returning stockpiled topsoil, deep ripping and mechanical sowing of a mix of native seeds. Blakes Wattle (Acacia blakei) and less often Black Wattle (A. leiocalyx), both primarily derived from respread topsoil seed, dominate the vegetation canopy at 59% and 20% of revegetation sites, respectively. The additional sowing of seeds of many tree and shrub species within the sites has had limited success with most failing to persist or grow well. Revegetation management, for example selective thinning of acacias (Acacia spp.) saplings within the first 5 years is recommended to release the competition pressure on the poorly performing tree species. This will also allow opportunities for other less well represented shrub and herb species to persist. This study has shown that a range of tree and shrub species, including Eucalyptus spp., are performing poorly under the current revegetation regime, suggesting adjustments to revegetation species selection and/or methodologies are needed. The natural colonization of woody native species within the sites from nearby remnant vegetation is shown to be limited to only four species, and therefore is unlikely to significantly supplement the species diversity of the revegetation.
More than just a Long Paddock: Fostering native vegetation recovery in Riverina Travelling Stock Routes and Reserves
Authors: Davidson Ian , O'Shannassy Peter 
Published: January 2017

Travelling Stock Reserves provide the most significant networks of natural habitat in the New South Wales Riverina. Substantial biodiversity gains at two sites over 10 years inspired similar works on more than 200 reserves with high levels of demonstrable change occurring.
Niacinamide leave‐on formulation provides long‐lasting protection against bacteria in vivo
Authors: Mathapathi Mruthyunjaya Swamy , Mallemalla Prathyusha , Vora Shilpa , Iyer Vidula , Tiwari Jyoti Kumar , Chakrabortty Amit , Majumdar Amitabha 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) form a part of the skin's innate immune system. Their primary activity is to provide antimicrobial benefits and hence protect from infections. AMPs that are present on human skin include psoriasin (S100A7), RNase 7, lysozyme, LL‐37 and defensins. Niacinamide is a well‐known cosmetic ingredient that has been used traditionally for multiple skin benefits. Recent data indicate that niacinamide treatment can boost AMPs in human gut epithelial cells and in neutrophils. Treatment with niacinamide in mice also provided protection from skin infections by enhancing AMPs. In this article, we find that treatment with niacinamide formulation provides long‐lasting protection against bacteria, potentially through the activation of an AMP response.
Neuroendocrinology of mast cells: Challenges and controversies
Authors: Theoharides Theoharis C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMast cells (MC) are hemotopoietically derived tissue immune cells that are ubiquitous in the body, including neuroendocrine organs such as the hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary, ovaries, pancreas and uterus where their action is not well understood. Mast cells have historically been associated with allergies because of their rich content of histamine and tryptase, but more recently with regulation of immunity and inflammation due to their synthesis and release of numerous cytokines and chemokines. Mast cells are located perivascularly and express numerous receptors for diverse ligands such as allergens, pathogens, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and hormones including acetylcholine, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), corticosteroids, corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH), β‐endorphin, epinephrine, 17β‐oestradiol, gonadotrophins, hemokinin‐A (HKA), leptin, melatonin, neurotensin (NT), parathyroid hormone (PTH), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Moreover, MC can synthesize and release most of their neurohormonal triggers, including adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), CRH, endorphins, HKA, leptin, melatonin, NT, SP and VIP. Animal experiments have shown that diencephalic MC increase in number during courting in doves, while stimulation of brain and nasal MC leads to activation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis. Recent evidence indicates that MC reactivity exhibits diurnal variations, and it is interesting that melatonin appears to regulate MC secretion. However, the way MC change their phenotype or secrete specific molecules selectively at different pathophysiological settings still remains unknown. Mast cells developed over 500 million years ago and may have served as the original prototype neuroimmunoendocrine cell and then evolved into a master regulator of such interactions, especially as most of the known diseases involve neuroinflammation that worsens with stress.
Biomaterials: A potential pathway to healing chronic wounds?
Authors: Pop Mara A. , Almquist Benjamin D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChronic dermal wounds are a devastating problem, which disproportionally affect individuals with conditions such as diabetes, paralysis, or simply old age. These wounds are extremely challenging to treat due to a heterogeneous combination of causative factors, creating a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Despite their large impact, there is currently a startling lack of options for effectively treating the underlying biological changes that occur within the wounds. Biomaterials possess an enticing ability to provide new comprehensive approaches to healing these devastating wounds; advanced wound dressings are now being developed that enable the ability to coordinate temporal delivery of multiple therapeutics, protect sensitive biologics from degradation, and provide supportive matrices that encourage the growth of tissue. This positions biomaterials as a potential “conductor” of wound repair, allowing them to simultaneously address numerous barriers to healing, and in turn providing a promising pathway to innovative new technologies for driving successful healing.