bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unamplified RNA Sensor for On‐Site Screening of Zika Virus Disease in a Limited Resource Setting
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Wu Jayne , Fikrig Erol , Wang Penghua , Chen Jiangang , Eda Shigetoshi , Terry Paul 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecent outbreaks of Zika virus have been declared a public health emergency of international concern. The diagnosis of Zika infection is based on a person's recent travel history, symptoms, and laboratory test results. However, the diagnosis of Zika infection may be delayed because symptoms are often mild and nondescript, and confirmatory laboratory tests are relatively time‐consuming and expensive. Given the lack of an effective vaccine against Zika virus, and a relatively short period of viremia, developing a rapid and sensitive means of detecting the Zika virus in serum is a public health priority. This work presents a novel RNA sensor, based on a sequence‐specific probe and AC electrokinetics‐enhanced capacitive sensing technology to directly capture and detect Zika virus RNA. This method allows detection and quantification of Zika virus RNA in only 30 seconds, with a low limit of detection (LOD) reaching 158.1 copies/μL. The sensor is also tested for its specificity, showing no false‐positive signals from other viruses. In addition, the biosensor is portable, inexpensive, and simple to use, without the need of signal amplification, which makes it ideal for field applications.
Chiral Assembly of AIE‐Active Achiral Molecules: An Odd Effect in Self‐Assembly
Authors: Anuradha  , La Duong Duc , Al Kobaisi Mohammad , Gupta Akhil , Bhosale Sheshanath V. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe induction of chirality in supramolecular structures through hierarchical self‐assembly of achiral compounds and the control of their handedness are closely related to the evolution of life and the chiral amplification found in nature. Herein, it is shown that the combination of achiral tetraphenylethylene, an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active luminophore bearing four alkyl chains with an odd or even number of carbon atoms via an amide linkage in the molecular structure allows the induction and control of supramolecular chirality in well‐defined helical superstructures by controlling the solvent composition and polarity. In particular, right‐handed supramolecular structures were produced for an even number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chains, whereas an odd number led to the assembly of left‐handed superstructures. The twisted superstructure was visualised by SEM, and circular dichroism was used to observe chirality in the assembly. These controlled assemblies of AIE‐active molecules are of potential practical value, such as templates for helical crystallisation, catalysis and formation of chiral mechanochromic luminescent superstructures.
Free‐Radical Carbocyanation of Olefins
Authors: Hassan Haitham , Pirenne Vincent , Wissing Maren , Khiar Chahinaz , Hussain Ashique , Robert Frédéric , Landais Yannick 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe free‐radical three‐component carbocyanation of electron‐rich olefins was investigated with p‐tosyl cyanide as cyanide source. The scope and limitations of the process were established by varying the nature of the alkene and radical precursor. Carbocyanation of chiral allylsilanes was shown to occur with high diastereocontrol, leading to syn β‐silyl nitriles. The origin of the stereocontrol was rationalized by a Felkin–Anh‐type transition‐state model. Finally, a tin‐free carbocyanation process was also devised, based on the use of a new alkylsulfonyl cyanide incorporating both carbon fragments to be added across the olefinic π system.
Nitrogenated Azaphilone Derivatives through a Silver‐Catalysed Reaction of Imines from ortho‐Alkynylbenzaldehydes
Authors: Fernández Patricia , Fañanás Francisco J. , Rodríguez Félix 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNitrogenated azaphilones are interesting natural products with a wide range of applications. The structure of these compounds is characterized by the presence of an isoquinolinone framework. Here, we describe a new multicomponent silver‐catalysed reaction that allows the transformation of simple imines derived from ortho‐alkynylbenzaldehydes into complex nitrogenated azaphilone‐type molecules in a straightforward way. This atom‐economical process is high yielding, technically very simple and proceeds through a series of cascade processes that imply cycloisomerisation and formal cross‐coupling reactions. This conceptually new process formally involves the synchronised catalytic generation and selective coupling of a nucleophile (isoquinolinone) and an electrophile (isoquinolinium). Some interesting colour properties of the synthesized azaphilone‐type molecules are discussed.
Mixed‐Metal Tungsten Oxide Photoanode Materials Made by Pulsed‐Laser in Liquids Synthesis
Authors: Blumenfeld Carl M. , Lau Marcus , Gray Harry B. , Müller Astrid M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGlobally scalable sunlight‐driven devices that convert solar energy into storable fuels will require efficient light absorbers that are made of non‐precious elements. Suitable photoanode materials are yet to be discovered. Here we utilised the timesaving nature of pulsed‐laser‐in‐liquids synthesis and prepared a series of neat and mixed‐metal tungsten oxide photoanode materials to investigate the effect of ad‐metals on optical and photocurrent generation properties. We obtained sub‐μm‐sized materials with different colours from W, Al, Ta, or first‐row transition metal targets in water or aqueous ammonium metatungstate solutions. We observed metastable polymorphs of WO3 and tungsten oxides with varying degrees of oxygen deficiency. Pulsed‐laser in liquids synthesis of Ni in ammonium metatungstate solutions produce hollow spheres (with ≤6 % Ni with respect to W). Photocurrent generation in strong aqueous acid is highest in mixed‐metal tungsten oxide photoanode materials with around 5 % of iron or nickel.
Influence of Aggregation on the Structure and Fluorescent Properties of a Tetraphenylethylene Derivative: a Theoretical Study
Authors: Duan Ying‐Chen , Wu Yong , Jin Jun‐Ling , Gu Dong‐Mei , Geng Yun , Zhang Min , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe case that aggregation has a large influence on the structure and fluorescent properties of 5‐(4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl)thiophene‐2‐carbaldehyde (P4TA) is investigated in detail herein by employing quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics. Besides the isolated molecule, the aggregated molecule in water and in the crystalline state was studied by focusing on the comparison of photoelectronic properties, including the geometrical and electronic structures at ground and excited states, emission and internal conversation properties. For the aggregation state, the intermolecular interaction was used to explain the difference in structure, emission color and intensity of different polymorphs. The noticeable contribution from low‐frequency region, corresponding to the four phenyl rings twisting vibration, to the Huang–Rhys factor and reorganization energy, as well as the possible potential energy surface crossing between S0 and S1 states for isolated molecules was considered as the reason of its aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) performance. Importantly, the aggregation process in water simulated at the same time helps us to have a deeper understanding of the AIE behavior of P4TA, which also provides another perspective to explore the AIE phenomenon in theory.
Crucial Role of Donor Density in the Performance of Oxynitride Perovskite LaTiO2N for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Xiong Feng‐Qiang , Wan Lipeng , Li Yue , Thomas Tiju , DiSalvo Francis J. , Yang Minghui 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLaTiO2N photocatalysts were prepared by thermal ammonolysis of flux‐synthesized La2Ti2O7 and La2TiO5, and were investigated for water oxidation. Though LaTiO2N derived from La2TiO5 appears defect‐free by UV/Vis/near‐IR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, its performance is much lower than that of conventional La2Ti2O7‐derived LaTiO2N with defects. It is shown by Mott–Schottky analysis that La2TiO5‐derived LaTiO2N has significantly lower donor density; this can result in insufficient built‐in electric field for the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. The lower donor density is also consistent with the smaller difference between the Fermi level and the valence‐band maximum, which accounts for a lower oxidative power of the holes. In light of this discovery, the donor density was increased substantially by introducing anion vacancies through annealing in Ar. This resulted in improved performance. The CoOx‐assisted La2TiO5‐derived LaTiO2N annealed at 713 °C has a higher quantum efficiency (25 %) at 450 nm than high‐performance conventional CoOx/LaTiO2N (21 %).
Synthesis of Butyl Levulinate Based on α‐Angelica Lactone in the Presence of Easily Separable Heteropoly Acid Catalysts
Authors: Yi Xiaohu , Al‐Shaal Mohammad G. , Ciptonugroho Wirawan , Delidovich Irina , Wang Xiaohong , Palkovits Regina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA series of choline (Ch)‐exchanged heteropoly acids (HOCH2CH2N(CH3)3)xH(6−x)P2W18O62 [abbreviated as ChxH(6−x)P2W18O62, x=1–6] was synthesized and used as catalysts for the reaction of α‐angelica lactone (alpha‐AL) with n‐butanol to form butyl levulinate (BL). The solubility of ChxH(6−x)P2W18O62 in the reaction mixture was temperature dependent: The catalysts were soluble under the reaction conditions and precipitated upon cooling of the reaction mixture. This facilitated recovery of the catalysts from the liquid phase. Importantly, an increase of the Ch content caused a decrease of the catalyst solubility. Catalytic activity of ChxH(6−x)P2W18O62 for the reaction with n‐butanol appeared to be in good agreement with the concentration of Brønsted‐acidic sites. The results suggest that the reaction proceeded through formation of pseudo‐butyl levulinate as intermediate. Ch2H4P2W18O62 exhibited the best balance between catalytic activity and temperature‐dependent solubility. The yield of BL reached 79.4 % at full conversion of alpha‐AL at a moderate temperature of 75 °C in an open system. ChxH(6−x)P2W18O62 could be successfully reused five times without significant loss of activity.
High‐throughput precision measurement of subcellular localization in single cells
Authors: Burns Tyler J. , Frei Andreas P. , Gherardini Pier F. , Bava Felice A. , Batchelder Jake E. , Yoshiyasu Yuki , Yu Julie M. , Groziak Amanda R. , Kimmey Samuel C. , Gonzalez Veronica D. , Fantl Wendy J. , Nolan Garry P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTo quantify visual and spatial information in single cells with a throughput of thousands of cells per second, we developed Subcellular Localization Assay (SLA). This adaptation of Proximity Ligation Assay expands the capabilities of flow cytometry to include data relating to localization of proteins to and within organelles. We used SLA to detect the nuclear import of transcription factors across cell subsets in complex samples. We further measured intranuclear re‐localization of target proteins across the cell cycle and upon DNA damage induction. SLA combines multiple single‐cell methods to bring about a new dimension of inquiry and analysis in complex cell populations. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
The assessment and treatment of unhealthy exercise in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A Delphi study to synthesize clinical knowledge
Authors: Noetel Melissa , Dawson Lisa , Hay Phillipa , Touyz Stephen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to explore and synthesize expert clinical knowledge on defining and managing unhealthy exercise in adolescents with AN. The Delphi methodology was used. Clinicians (n = 25) considered experts in the treatment of AN in adolescents were recruited internationally to form the panel. The first round of the questionnaires was comprised of five open‐ended questions regarding defining, assessing, and treating unhealthy exercise in adolescents with AN. Statements were derived from this data using content analysis, and included as Likert‐based items in two subsequent rounds, in which panellists were required to rate their level of agreement for each item. All 25 respondents completed the three rounds of questionnaires. Consensus was achieved for 59.0% of the items included in the second and third round of questionnaires. Although consensus was not achieved, compulsive exercise was the preferred term for the panel when referring to unhealthy exercise in adolescents with AN. The panel clearly delineated features of unhealthy and healthy exercise, and endorsed a number of items considered important to assess for when evaluating exercise in this clinical population. A variety of treatment approaches and strategies reached consensus. Notably, for those who are medically stable and progressing toward recovery, the panel recommended initial exercise restriction practices and reintroducing healthy exercise behaviors, rather than exercise cessation practices. The current findings can serve as preliminary treatment guidelines. A unified approach to labeling and defining unhealthy exercise in the eating disorder literature and clinical settings is required to achieve further progress.
A case series of family‐based treatment for adolescents with atypical anorexia nervosa
Authors: Hughes Elizabeth K. , Le Grange Daniel , Court Andrew , Sawyer Susan M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe aim of this case series was to examine engagement in and outcomes of family‐based treatment (FBT) for adolescents with DSM‐5 atypical AN, that is, adolescents who were not underweight at presentation. Consecutive referrals for FBT of adolescents with atypical AN to a specialist child and adolescent eating disorder program were examined. Engagement in treatment (i.e., dose of treatment, completion rate), and changes in psychological symptomatology (i.e., eating disorder symptoms, depressive symptoms, self‐esteem, obsessive compulsiveness), weight, and menstrual function were examined. The need for additional interventions (i.e., hospitalization and medication), and estimated remission rates were also examined. The sample comprised 42 adolescents aged 12–18 years (88% female). Engagement in FBT was high, with 83% completing at least half the treatment dose. There were significant decreases in eating disorder and depressive symptoms during FBT (p < .05) but no improvement in self‐esteem. There was no significant change in percent of median BMI for age and gender for the sample as a whole (105 vs. 106%, p = .128). However, adolescents who were not admitted to hospital prior to FBT gained some weight (M = 3.4 kg) while those who were admitted did not gain weight during FBT (M = 0.2 kg, p < .01). The overall remission rate ranged from 38 to 52% depending on the criteria applied. FBT appears to be an effective treatment for adolescents with atypical AN. However, more research is needed into systematic adaptations of FBT and other treatments that could improve overall remission rates.
Identifying suitable multifunctional restoration areas for Forest Landscape Restoration in Central Chile
Authors: Schulz Jennifer Jelena , Schröder Boris 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLarge‐scale deforestation has led to drastic alterations of landscapes worldwide, with serious declines of biodiversity and ecosystem functions, leading to impacts on humanity ranging from the local to the global scale. However, the provision of crucial ecosystem functions is not only determined by the extent, but also by the spatial configuration of forests within the landscape mosaic. An approach that aims to restore forest functions on a landscape scale is Forest Landscape Restoration, with the purpose to regain ecological integrity and support human well‐being. The landscape‐scale approach should enhance the contribution of site‐based restoration to larger‐scale processes and functional synergies. A fundamental challenge for Forest Landscape Restoration is therefore the identification of restoration areas within the landscape where multiple functions operating on different scales can be enhanced. Equally important is the task of identifying areas requiring restoration. Proposed strategies include the assessment of current, past, and reference landscape states. However, integrative planning approaches combining historical and functional perspectives on a landscape scale are little developed. In this paper, we demonstrate how forest restoration areas can be identified that account for historical forest patterns while simultaneously targeting multiple forest functions. We use a method developed for habitat suitability modeling based on recent historical forest occurrence and regeneration patterns from 1985 to 2008 in order to predict areas that are suitable for forest restoration (potential forest growth) as well as areas where forest potentially recovers by natural regeneration. For both, unsuitable areas are excluded by masking restoration constraints. Separately, we map potential forest functions and assess spatial synergies or “multifunctional hotspots” using spatial multi‐criteria analysis. To derive a scenario of potential restoration areas, predicted maps of restoration suitability and regeneration potential are separately combined with a map depicting the degree of multifunctionality. These maps are finally overlapped to identify multifunctional restoration and regeneration areas. These designated areas are then evaluated regarding their distribution on current land cover and recent historical deforestation areas. We test this approach for the dry forest landscape in Central Chile, an international biodiversity hotspot, which has undergone profound historical transformations and considerable deforestation in recent decades.
Development and Demonstration of a Novel Reversible SOFC System for Utility and Micro Grid Energy Storage
Authors: Mermelstein Joshua , Posdziech Oliver 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEnergy storage is a critical component to supply local energy generation for both grid and off‐grid connected facilities and communities, enabling localized grid independent energy secure power in cases of emergencies or unreliable traditional grid use. The high cost and energy security of importing fuel to islanded grids has led to a growing need to generate power onsite with alternative and renewable energy technologies while reducing facility costs of importing electrical power. However, utility grid operators are being faced with the challenges of intermittent and variability in energy production from renewables. Therefore, energy storage is crucial to balance micro and utility grids, improve efficiency, reduce fuel consumption, and provide critical power in the event of power outages. There has been particular interest in reversible solid oxide fuel cells (RSOFCs) in the energy sector for electricity, energy storage, grid stabilization and improvement to power plant system efficiency due to favorable thermodynamic efficiencies of high temperature steam electrolysis. Boeing has been active in the development of a fully integrated, grid tied RSOFC system for micro grid and commercial utility energy storage using Sunfire fuel cell technology. In this system, excess grid energy or curtailed power generated by renewables is sent to the system operating in electrolysis mode to produce H2. The H2 is stored and then used in the system's fuel cell mode to provide supplemental power to the grid during peak hours or as needed. As part of this program, Boeing has developed a H2 storage and compression system, power distribution system, and master controller to interface with RSOFC subsystems. Sunfire developed a reversible solid oxide cell module with a power output of 50 kW in SOFC mode and 120 kW input in electrolysis mode producing 3.5 kg H2 hr−1. The system was demonstrated while connected to the local utility grid and operated in a microgrid test environment. This paper will discuss the development, integration, and demonstration of the RSOFC system.
Sexual activity among Nigerian women following successful obstetric fistula repair
Authors: Anzaku Stephen A. , Lengmang Sunday J. , Mikah Samaila , Shephard Steven N. , Edem Bassey E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate post‐operative sexual activity among women who have undergone obstetric fistula repair.MethodsThe present descriptive cross‐sectional study recruited married women who had undergone successful obstetric fistula repair who were attending reunion activities at Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, between March 13 and March 15, 2014. Participants were interviewed regarding penetrative vaginal intercourse after surgery, and any changes in sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, sexual satisfaction, and the presence of coital pain compared with before they experienced obstetric fistula.ResultsThere were 102 patients who participated in interviews; 23 (22.5%) reported not being able to engage in penetrative vaginal intercourse and 12 (52%) of these patients ascribed this to a “tight” or “narrow” vagina. Compared with the pre‐fistula period, 63 (61.7%) patients reported reduced sexual desire, 57 (55.9%) reported lack of or inadequate lubrication during intercourse, 12 (11.8%) reported anorgasmia, and 60 (58.8%) reported reduced attainment of orgasm. Dyspareunia was reported by 48 (47.1%) patients; 43 (90%) experienced superficial or deep dyspareunia, and 5 (10%) experienced both. A lack of and lower sexual satisfaction were reported by 20 (19.6%) and 40 (39.2%) patients, respectively.ConclusionFollowing obstetric fistula repair, many women experienced difficulty engaging in penetrative vaginal intercourse and reported sexual dysfunction. Management of sexual dysfunction should be part of fistula rehabilitation programs.
Multinucleated giant cells in the implant bed of bone substitutes are foreign body giant cells—New insights into the material‐mediated healing process
Authors: Barbeck Mike , Booms Patrick , Unger Ronald , Hoffmann Verena , Sader Robert , Kirkpatrick Charles James , Ghanaati Shahram 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn addition to macrophages, multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) are involved in the tissue reaction to a variety of biomaterials. Especially in the case of bone substitute materials it has been assumed that the MNGCs are osteoclasts, based on the chemical and physical similarity of many materials to the calcified matrix and the bony environment in which they are used. However, many studies indicate that these cells belong to the cell line of the foreign body giant cells (FBGCs), which are of “inflammatory origin”, although they have been shown to possess both a pro‐ and also anti‐inflammatory phenotype. Moreover, no information is available about their role in the tissue reaction to bone substitute materials. The present study was conducted to analyze the origin of MNGCs in the implant beds of a synthetic and a xenogeneic bone substitute and focused on the application of immunohistochemical methods. Two antibodies against integrin molecules specific for osteoclasts (β‐3 integrin) or FBGCs (β‐2 integrin) were used to distinguish both giant cell types. The results of the present study indicate that the MNGCs induced by both kinds of bone substitutes are FBGCs, as they express only β‐2 integrin in contrast to the osteoclasts outside of the immediate implantation areas, which only demonstrate β‐3 integrin expression. These data give new insight into the tissue reaction to both xenogeneic and synthetic bone substitutes. Based on this new knowledge further research concerning the proteomic profile of the FBGCs especially based on the different physicochemical properties of bone substitutes is necessary. This may show that specific characteristics of bone substitutes may exhibit a substantial influence on the regeneration process via the expression of anti‐inflammatory molecules by FBGCs. Based on this information it may be possible to formulate and choose bone substitutes that can guide the process of bone tissue regeneration on the molecular level. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1105–1111, 2017.