bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of moroxydine hydrochloride in gibel carp, Carassius gibelio after oral administration
Authors: Liu W. , Xu J. , Zhou Y. , Chen J. , Ma J. , Zeng L. 
Published: January 2016

The pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of moroxydine hydrochloride were studied in gibel carp at water temperature of 15 and 25 °C. Samples (blood, skin, muscle, liver, and kidney) were collected over 10 days after the treatment and analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector. The results indicated that the influence of water temperature on the metabolism of the drug was significant. The plasma concentration–time data of moroxydine hydrochloride conformed to single‐compartment open model at the two water temperatures. There were higher absorption rate (t1/2ka) and longer elimination half‐lives (t1/2ke) at 15 °C (4.29 and 15.87 h, respectively) compared with those at 25 °C (3.02 and 4.22 h, respectively). The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and the time‐point of maximum plasma concentration (Tp) were 2.98 μg/mL and 10.35 h at 15 °C and 3.12 μg/mL and 4.03 h at 25 °C, respectively. The distribution volume (Vd/F) of moroxydine hydrochloride was estimated to be 4.55 L/kg at 15 °C and 2.89 L/kg at 25 °C. The total body clearance (CLb) of moroxydine hydrochloride was determined to be 0.25 and 0.49 L/(h·kg) at 15 °C and 25 °C, respectively; the areas under the concentration–time curve were 75.89 μg·h/mL at 15 °C and 42.33 μg·h/mL at 25 °C. The depletion of moroxydine hydrochloride in gibel carp was slower with a longer half‐life period, especially at lower water temperature that was tested.
Comparing resource‐based and co‐occurrence‐based methods for estimating species niche breadth
Authors: Pannek Angela , Manthey Michael , Diekmann Martin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractQuestionsExamining the responses and co‐occurrence patterns of 30 herbaceous forest plant species sampled altogether in 302 plots, we asked whether the niche estimates of rare and common species are affected by the different sample sizes for these species, and whether the results of the resource‐based and co‐occurrence‐based methods coincide in the prediction of species specialization.LocationDeciduous forests in northwest Germany.MethodsWe compare the classical method of determining niche breadth as the response of a species along environmental resource gradients (here soil pH and light availability) with a recently introduced method based on the co‐occurrence of a target species with other species, using the Multi‐Simpson index for turnover calculations.ResultsThe total frequency of the species in the data set had a strong effect on the niche breadth estimates in the resource‐based method, with species with higher frequencies having larger niches. In contrast, co‐occurrence‐based niche breadth was independent of sample size. When calculating the niche breadth estimates for equal numbers of plot occurrences for all species, none of the methods resulted in significant differences between common and rare species. Soil pH niche breadth and co‐occurrence‐based niche breadth were unrelated to each other, whereas light niche breadth and soil pH niche breadth, corrected for the different frequencies of pH values in the region, were positively correlated with the co‐occurrence‐based estimates. Species richness, increasing with increasing soil pH, was negatively correlated with niche breadth.ConclusionsAs the co‐occurrence method is not distorted by varying plot frequencies, it offers a reliable alternative for extracting species niche breadth from vegetation surveys even if no environmental data are available. The gradient approach, however, remains important, as it provides additional information about measured niche characteristics (e.g. optima, response shape) along these gradients, which is of particular importance in various fields of applied ecology.
Heterochromia of the Hair and Eyelashes with Blaschkoid Dyspigmentation
Authors: Dumitrascu Catalina I. , Hoss Elika , Hogeling Marcia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHeterochromia of the hair involves the presence of two distinctive colors of scalp hair in one individual. We report the case of a 4‐year‐old girl with reddish streaks of scalp hair, heterochromia of the eyelashes, and cutaneous hypopigmentation following the lines of Blaschko.
Lymphomatoid Papulosis Type D: Report of a Case in a Child and Review of the Literature
Authors: Barrett Mary M. , Strikwerda Amy M. , Somers Kathryn , Beck Lisa A. , Scott Glynis A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a cutaneous CD30‐positive T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder that occurs primarily in adults and presents with crops of papules that become necrotic and spontaneously regress. It is classified according to the histopathologic findings; currently recognized subtypes include A, B, C, D, and E. LyP is uncommon in children. Herein we describe a child with an unusual clinical presentation of LyP type D and review the literature of reported cases in children.
Subcutaneous Panniculitis‐Like T‐Cell Lymphoma with Hemophagocytic Syndrome in a Child
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Arava Sudheer , Bakhshi Sameer , Vashisht Kanya Rani , Reddy Rakesh , Gupta Somesh 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSubcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma (SPTCL) characterized by subcutaneous infiltration of pleomorphic T‐cells of the α/β phenotype rarely affects children. Development of hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) leads to a poor prognosis with this otherwise indolent lymphoma. We report a case of SPTCL in a 5‐year‐old child complicated by HPS treated successfully with combination chemotherapy. We discuss the potential pitfalls in reaching an early diagnosis and challenges in its management. Previously reported cases of SPTCL with HPS in children are briefly reviewed.
Truth and bias in daily judgments of support receipt between romantic partners
Authors: BAR‐KALIFA ERAN , RAFAELI ESHKOL , SENED HARAN 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe perception that a partner is supportive, tied to beneficial relational and personal outcomes, may be shaped by reality (the partner's actual support) but is often also biased. Using T. V. West and D. A. Kenny's (2011) truth‐and‐bias model, the balance between truth and one bias type—the tendency to maintain perceived mutuality by projecting one's own supportiveness onto one's partner—was examined. It was hypothesized that this balance will be altered by the behavior's psychological significance and by the scope of the behavior being judged. In a 35‐day diary, 80 couples reported perceived and provided emotional/practical support. Participants' judgments included less biased projection when they addressed behaviors of lower emotional significance or greater contextual specificity.
Expecting a child: pregnancy in light of an ontological health model
Authors: Larsson Åsa , Wärnå‐Furu Carola , Näsman Yvonne 
Published: January 2016

AimTo make visible the existential character of pregnancy by searching for its health dimensions as it is described in the ontological health model.MethodEight women were interviewed two or three times during their pregnancy and one time shortly after birth. The women have taken part in the routine programme that constitutes maternity care in Sweden. A hermeneutic approach inspired by Gadamer was used to analyse the data. An ontological health model was used to interpret the findings.FindingsNine themes on a rational and a contextual level were clustered to three themes on an existential level: A new life stage, The new life takes shape and Health is jeopardised. Contents of these themes were interpreted together with an ontological health model. Expecting a child means to do, be and become in expectation of the new life. Suffering and health are two different dimensions in a woman's life during pregnancy; they are integrated with one another and ever‐present. It is in the meeting with the inevitable, life‐changing gravidity and vulnerability that the integrative movement creates the new. Longing is the desire that provides motivation to continue.
Validity, reliability and responsiveness of the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory in patients treated for infective endocarditis
Authors: Rasmussen Trine Bernholdt , Konradsen Hanne , Dixon Jane , Moons Philip , Zwisler Ann‐Dorthe , Berg Selina Kikkenborg 
Published: January 2016

Rationale and objectivesSuffering through infective endocarditis (IE) can drastically alter a person's physical appearance, and body image‐related concerns have been reported by patients. The extent and severity of the phenomenon has not previously been explored, as no quantitative measure has been validated in this patient population. The purpose of this study was thus to assess the validity, reliability and responsiveness of the Danish Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI‐DA) on patients treated for IE.MethodsWe evaluated the psychometric properties of the BIQLI‐DA on data obtained in the CopenHeart IE trial, which is a randomised clinical trial evaluating the effects of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation for patients treated for IE. We administered the BIQLI‐DA as part of data collection at baseline and 6 months. We examined the psychometric properties through correlations to other measures, including body mass index, Medical Outcome Short Form 36 and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. In addition, we examined internal consistency on item and scale level and performed anova group‐by‐time interaction to test for responsiveness.Results and study limitationParticipants were seventy patients with a mean age of 58 years and of which 83% were men. Results indicated convergent construct validity by confirming hypothesised associations to potentially related constructs. The BIQLI‐DA was found to be highly internally consistent with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.96. Instrument responsiveness was indicated by a significant group‐by‐time interaction. Support for the validity of the BIQLI‐DA might have been strengthened by a larger sample with more women. A more optimal design for testing responsiveness would possibly have allowed for clearer conclusions.ConclusionsThe BIQLI‐DA may be applicable in healthcare research as it seems to be valid, reliable and responsive; however, evidence should be strengthened through further exploration of instrument performance, particularly regarding responsiveness.
Photodynamic detection of canine mammary gland tumours after oral administration of 5‐aminolevulinic acid
Authors: Osaki T. , Yokoe I. , Ogura S. , Takahashi K. , Murakami K. , Inoue K , Ishizuka M. , Tanaka T. , Li L. , Sugiyama A. , Azuma K. , Murahata Y. , Tsuka T. , Ito N. , Imagawa T. , Okamoto Y. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract5‐Aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) is widely used in photodynamic detection (PDD) and therapy. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of 5‐ALA‐induced porphyrins and its effectiveness in PDD in dogs with mammary gland tumours (MGTs) following oral administration. Healthy dogs and those with MGTs (nine each) were orally administered 4 mg kg−1 5‐ALA. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was not detected in the plasma of healthy dogs but it peaked in dogs with MGT at 2 h after 5‐ALA administration. In the PDD study, 16 dogs with MGT were orally administered 40 mg kg−1 5‐ALA, and MGT but not normal tissue showed red fluorescence after 2–4 h. Photon counts were 6635–63 890 and 59–4011 (median, 19 943 and 919) for MGT and non‐tumour tissues, respectively. Cell density strongly correlated with PpIX photon counts of MGT tissue of the dogs (R = 0.743, P = 0.0009). We suggest that 5‐ALA‐PDD might be an effective diagnostic tool for MGTs.
Technical Note: On GAFChromic EBT‐XD film and the lateral response artifact
Authors: Lewis David F. , Chan Maria F. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose:The new radiochromic film, GAFChromic EBT‐XD, contains the same active material, lithium‐10,12‐pentacosadiynoate, as GAFChromic EBT3, but the crystalline form is different. This work investigates the effect of this change on the well‐known lateral response artifact when EBT‐XD film is digitized on a flatbed scanner.Methods:The dose response of a single production lot of EBT‐XD was characterized by scanning an unexposed film plus a set of films exposed to doses between 2.5 and 50 Gy using 6 MV photons. To characterize the lateral response artifact, the authors used the unexposed film plus a subset of samples exposed to doses between 20 and 50 Gy. Digital images of these films were acquired at seven discrete lateral locations perpendicular to the scan direction on three Epson 10000XL scanners. Using measurements at the discrete lateral positions, the scanner responses were determined as a function of the lateral position of the film. From the data for each scanner, a set of coefficients were derived whereby measured response values could be corrected to remove the effects of the lateral response artifact. The EBT‐XD data were analyzed as in their previous work and compared to results reported for EBT3 in that paper.Results:For films scanned in the same orientation and having equal responses, the authors found that the lateral response artifact for EBT‐XD and EBT3 films was remarkably similar. For both films, the artifact increases with increased net response. However, as EBT‐XD is less sensitive than EBT3, a greater exposure dose is required to reach the same net response. On this basis, the lower sensitivity of EBT‐XD relative to EBT3 results in less net response change for equal exposure and a reduction in the impact of the lateral response artifact.Conclusions:The shape of the crystalline active component in EBT‐XD and EBT3 does not affect the fundamental existence of the lateral response artifact when the films are digitized on flatbed scanners. Owing its lower sensitivity, EBT‐XD film requires higher dose to reach the same response as EBT3, resulting in lesser impact of the lateral response artifact. For doses >10 Gy, the slopes of the EBT‐XD red and green channel dose response curves are greater than the corresponding ones for EBT3. For these two reasons, the authors prefer EBT‐XD for doses exceeding about 10 Gy.
Accurate modeling and positioning of a magnetically controlled catheter tip
Authors: Le Vi N. T. , Nguyen Nghia H. , Alameh Kamal , Weerasooriya Rukshen , Pratten Peter 
Published: January 2016

Purpose:This paper represents the initial phase of a proposed operator‐friendly semiautomatic method for positioning and directing an intravascular three‐magnet tip catheter in the human heart using an electromagnetic system.Methods:A predictive computer algorithm based on a comprehensive mathematical model is developed, which accurately calculates the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet system as well as the magnetic torques and forces exerted on a three‐magnet tip catheter, and generates the necessary electromagnet currents for arbitrary displacement and deflection of the catheter tip within a workspace of 128 × 128 × 128 mm.Results:We demonstrate the ability of the developed mathematical model to accurately position a three‐magnet tip catheter within the 128 × 128 × 128 mm workspace of a 3D eight‐electromagnet system.Conclusions:The ability of the developed mathematical model in predicting the displacement, direction, and deflection of the catheter tip as a function of the electromagnet current values has been verified through experimental results.
Novel scintillation detector design and performance for proton radiography and computed tomography
Authors: Bashkirov V. A. , Schulte R. W. , Hurley R. F. , Johnson R. P. , Sadrozinski H. F.‐W. , Zatserklyaniy A. , Plautz T. , Giacometti V. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose:Proton computed tomography (pCT) will enable accurate prediction of proton and ion range in a patient while providing the benefit of lower radiation exposure than in x‐ray CT. The accuracy of the range prediction is essential for treatment planning in proton or ion therapy and depends upon the detector used to evaluate the water‐equivalent path length (WEPL) of a proton passing through the object. A novel approach is presented for an inexpensive WEPL detector for pCT and proton radiography.Methods:A novel multistage detector with an aperture of 10 × 37.5 cm was designed to optimize the accuracy of the WEPL measurements while simplifying detector construction and the performance requirements of its components. The design of the five‐stage detector was optimized through simulations based on the geant4 detector simulation toolkit, and the fabricated prototype was calibrated in water‐equivalent millimeters with 200 MeV protons in the research beam line of the clinical proton synchrotron at Loma Linda University Medical Center. A special polystyrene step phantom was designed and built to speed up and simplify the calibration procedure. The calibrated five‐stage detector was tested in the 200 MeV proton beam as part of the pCT head scanner, using a water phantom and polystyrene slabs to verify the WEPL reconstruction accuracy.Results:The beam‐test results demonstrated excellent performance of the new detector, in good agreement with the simulation results. The WEPL measurement accuracy is about 3.0 mm per proton in the 0–260 mm WEPL range required for a pCT head scan with a 200 MeV proton beam.Conclusions:The new multistage design approach to WEPL measurements for proton CT and radiography has been prototyped and tested. The test results show that the design is competitive with much more expensive calorimeter and range‐counter designs.
High‐resolution x‐ray imaging using a structured scintillator
Authors: Hormozan Yashar , Sychugov Ilya , Linnros Jan 
Published: January 2016

Purpose:In this study, the authors introduce a new generation of finely structured scintillators with a very high spatial resolution (a few micrometers) compared to conventional scintillators, yet maintaining a thick absorbing layer for improved detectivity.Methods:Their concept is based on a 2D array of high aspect ratio pores which are fabricated by ICP etching, with spacings (pitches) of a few micrometers, on silicon and oxidation of the pore walls. The pores were subsequently filled by melting of powdered CsI(Tl), as the scintillating agent. In order to couple the secondary emitted photons of the back of the scintillator array to a CCD device, having a larger pixel size than the pore pitch, an open optical microscope with adjustable magnification was designed and implemented. By imaging a sharp edge, the authors were able to calculate the modulation transfer function (MTF) of this finely structured scintillator.Results:The x‐ray images of individually resolved pores suggest that they have been almost uniformly filled, and the MTF measurements show the feasibility of a few microns spatial resolution imaging, as set by the scintillator pore size. Compared to existing techniques utilizing CsI needles as a structured scintillator, their results imply an almost sevenfold improvement in resolution. Finally, high resolution images, taken by their detector, are presented.Conclusions:The presented work successfully shows the functionality of their detector concept for high resolution imaging and further fabrication developments are most likely to result in higher quantum efficiencies.
MTBDR
plus
and MTBDR
sl
Assays: Absence of Wild-Type Probe Hybridization and Implications for Detection of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Seifert Marva , Georghiou Sophia B. , Catanzaro Donald , Rodrigues Camilla , Crudu Valeriu , Victor Thomas C. , Garfein Richard S. , Catanzaro Antonino , Rodwell Timothy C. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Accurate identification of drug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is imperative for effective treatment and subsequent reduction in disease transmission. Line probe assays rapidly detect mutations associated with resistance and wild-type sequences associated with susceptibility. Examination of molecular-level performance is necessary for improved assay result interpretation and for continued diagnostic development. Using data collected from a large, multisite diagnostic study, probe hybridization results from line probe assays, MTBDR
plus
and MTBDR
sl
, were compared to those of sequencing, and the diagnostic performance of each individual mutation and wild-type probe was assessed. Line probe assay results classified as resistant due to the absence of wild-type probe hybridization were compared to those of sequencing to determine if novel mutations were inhibiting wild-type probe hybridization. The contribution of absent wild-type probe hybridization to the detection of drug resistance was assessed via comparison to a phenotypic reference standard. In our study, mutation probes demonstrated significantly higher specificities than wild-type probes and wild-type probes demonstrated marginally higher sensitivities than mutation probes, an ideal combination for detecting the presence of resistance conferring mutations while yielding the fewest number of false-positive results. The absence of wild-type probe hybridization without mutation probe hybridization was determined to be primarily the result of failure of mutation probe hybridization and not the result of novel or rare mutations. Compared to phenotypic culture-based drug susceptibility testing, the absence of wild-type probe hybridization without mutation probe hybridization significantly contributed to the detection of phenotypic rifampin and fluoroquinolone resistance with negligible increases in false-positive results.
Commentary: What's in a Name? The Impact of Accurate Staphylococcuspseudintermedius Identification on Appropriate Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
Authors: Limbago Brandi M. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Bacteria in the
Staphylococcus intermedius
group, including
Staphylococcus
pseudintermedius
, often encode
mecA
-mediated methicillin resistance. Reliable detection of this phenotype for proper treatment and infection control decisions requires that these coagulase-positive staphylococci are accurately identified and specifically that they are not misidentified as
S. aureus
. As correct species level bacterial identification becomes more commonplace in clinical laboratories, one can expect to see changes in guidance for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and interpretation. The study by Wu et al. in this issue (M. T. Wu, C.-A. D. Burnham, L. F. Westblade, J. Dien Bard, S. D. Lawhon, M. A. Wallace, T. Stanley, E. Burd, J. Hindler, R. M. Humphries, J Clin Microbiol 54:535–542, 2016,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02864-15
) highlights the impact of robust identification of
S. intermedius
group organisms on the selection of appropriate antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods and interpretation.