bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physics informed data-driven near-wall modelling for lattice Boltzmann simulation of high Reynolds number turbulent flows
Authors: Xue Xiao , Wang Shuo , Yao Hua-Dong , Davidson Lars , Coveney Peter V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractData-driven approaches offer novel opportunities for improving the performance of turbulent flow simulations, which are critical to wide-ranging applications from wind farms and aerodynamic designs to weather and climate forecasting. However, current methods for these simulations often require large amounts of data and computational resources. While data-driven methods have been extensively applied to the continuum Navier-Stokes equations, limited work has been done to integrate these methods with the highly scalable lattice Boltzmann method. Here, we present a physics-informed neural network framework for improving lattice Boltzmann-based simulations of near-wall turbulent flow. Using a small amount of data and integrating physical constraints, our model accurately predicts flow behaviour at a wide range of friction Reynolds numbers up to 1.0 × 106. In contradistinction with other models that use direct numerical simulation datasets, this approach reduces data requirements by three orders of magnitude and allows for sparse grid configurations. Our work broadens the scope of lattice Boltzmann applications, enabling efficient large-scale simulations of turbulent flow in diverse contexts.
Developmental mosaicism underlying EGFR-mutant lung cancer presenting with multiple primary tumors
Authors: Burr Risa , Leshchiner Ignaty , Costantino Christina L. , Blohmer Martin , Sundaresan Tilak , Cha Justin , Seeger Karsen , Guay Sara , Danysh Brian P. , Gore Ira , Jacobs Raquel A. , Slowik Kara , Utro Filippo , Rhrissorrakrai Kahn , Levovitz Chaya , Barth Jaimie L. , Dubash Taronish , Chirn Brian , Parida Laxmi , Sequist Lecia V. , Lennerz Jochen K. , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Maheswaran Shyamala , Naxerova Kamila , Getz Gad , Haber Daniel A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough the development of multiple primary tumors in smokers with lung cancer can be attributed to carcinogen-induced field cancerization, the occurrence of multiple tumors at presentation in individuals with EGFR-mutant lung cancer who lack known environmental exposures remains unexplained. In the present study, we identified ten patients with early stage, resectable, non-small cell lung cancer who presented with multiple, anatomically distinct, EGFR-mutant tumors. We analyzed the phylogenetic relationships among multiple tumors from each patient using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and hypermutable poly(guanine) (poly(G)) repeat genotyping as orthogonal methods for lineage tracing. In four patients, developmental mosaicism, assessed by WES and poly(G) lineage tracing, indicates a common non-germline cell of origin. In two other patients, we identified germline EGFR variants, which confer moderately enhanced signaling when modeled in vitro. Thus, in addition to germline variants, developmental mosaicism defines a distinct mechanism of genetic predisposition to multiple EGFR-mutant primary tumors, with implications for their etiology and clinical management.
Transient CAR T cells with specificity to oncofetal glycosaminoglycans in solid tumors
Authors: Khazamipour Nastaran , Oo Htoo Zarni , Al-Nakouzi Nader , Marzban Mona , Khazamipour Nasrin , Roberts Morgan E , Farivar Negin , Moskalev Igor , Lo Joey , Ghaidi Fariba , Nelepcu Irina , Moeen Alireza , Truong Sarah , Dagil Robert , Choudhary Swati , Gustavsson Tobias , Zhai Beibei , Heitzender Sabine , Salanti Ali , Sorensen Poul H , Daugaard Mads 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlycosaminoglycans are often deprioritized as targets for synthetic immunotherapy due to the complexity of glyco-epitopes and limited options for obtaining specific subtype binding. Solid tumors express proteoglycans that are modified with oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (CS), a modification normally restricted to the placenta. Here, we report the design and functionality of transient chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with selectivity to oncofetal CS. Following expression in T cells, the CAR could be “armed” with recombinant VAR2CSA lectins (rVAR2) to target tumor cells expressing oncofetal CS. While unarmed CAR T cells remained inactive in the presence of target cells, VAR2-armed CAR T cells displayed robust activation and the ability to eliminate diverse tumor cell types in vitro. Cytotoxicity of the CAR T cells was proportional to the concentration of rVAR2 available to the CAR, offering a potential molecular handle to finetune CAR T cell activity. In vivo, armed CAR T cells rapidly targeted bladder tumors and increased the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Thus, our work indicates that cancer-restricted glycosaminoglycans may be exploited as potential targets for CAR T cell therapy.
Slowly positively drifting bursts generated by large-scale magnetic reconnection
Authors: Zemanová Alena , Karlický Marian , Dudík Jaroslav , Kašparová Jana , Rybák Ján 
Published: October 2024

Context. The slowly positively drifting bursts (SPDBs) are rarely observed in radio emission of solar flares.
Aims. To understand how the SPDBs are generated, we studied the radio observations at 600–5000 MHz together with the imaging observations made in ultraviolet (UV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) during the SPDB-rich C8.7 flare of 2014 May 10 (SOL2014-05-10T0702).
Methods. Because the SPDBs propagate towards locations of higher plasma density, we studied their associations with individual flare kernels, located either within the flare core itself, or distributed at longer distances, but connected to the flaring region by large-scale hot loops. For each kernel we constructed light curves using 1600 Å and 304 Å observations and compared these light curves with the temporal evolution of radio flux at 1190 MHz, representing all observed groups of SPDBs. We also analysed the UV/EUV observations to understand the evolution of magnetic connectivity during the flare.
Results. The flare starts with a growing hot sigmoid observed in 131 Å. As the sigmoid evolves, it extends to and interacts with a half dome present within the active region. The evolving sigmoid reconnects at the respective hyperbolic flux tube, producing large-scale magnetic connections and an EUV swirl. Three groups of SPDBs are observed during this large-scale magnetic reconnection, along with a group of narrow-band type III bursts. The light curves of a kernel corresponding to the footpoint of spine line analogue show good agreement with the radio flux at 1190 MHz, indicating that the SPDBs are produced by the large-scale magnetic reconnection at the half dome. In addition, one of the kernels appeared in the neighbouring active region and also showed a similar evolution to the radio flux, implying that beams of accelerated particles can synchronize radio and UV/EUV light curves across relatively large distances.
Immunsuppression bei COVID-19 nach Nierentransplantation
Authors: Thorban Stefan , Matevossian Edouard 
Published: October 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas SARS-CoV2-Virus (SARS-CoV-2: „severe acute respiratorysyndrome coronavirus 2“) und die dadurch ausgelöste COVID-19-Erkrankung (COVID-19: „corona virus disease of 2019“) stellen ein erhebliches Risiko für Patienten nach einer Nierentransplantation dar, da in dieser Personengruppe viele Betroffene an fortgeschrittenen Organdysfunktionen und hoher Komorbidität leiden. Damit verbunden ist eine erhöhte Wahrscheinlichkeit für einen schweren Verlauf oder einen tödlichen Ausgang nach einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion in dieser stark immunsupprimierten Patientengruppe. Neben den häufig bestehenden Komorbiditäten kann die erforderliche therapeutische Immunsuppression zu einer über 20-prozentigen Mortalität nach der Nierentransplantation führen. Die klinische Symptomatik und etablierte Risikofaktoren wie in der Allgemeinbevölkerung unterstützen diese Erkenntnisse. Es stellt sich die Frage, wie die immunsuppressive Therapie an die Behandlung von Menschen angepasst werden sollte, die nach einer Nierentransplantation an COVID-19 erkranken. Hierzu werden derzeit noch zahlreiche Studien ausgewertet, Empfehlungen für diese Erkrankungssituation sind in diesem Beitrag zusammengefasst.
Organhandel mit Nieren
Authors: López Pedro Alejandro Beltrán , Matevossian Edouard , Ehmer Ursula , Thorban Stefan 
Published: October 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Organhandel ist heutzutage ein weitverbreitetes, aber selten erwähntes Problem. Einerseits gibt es in europäischen Ländern mit einem modernen Gesundheitssystem nicht die erforderliche Anzahl von Spendenden für eine Nierentransplantation, andererseits existiert ein „Transplantationstourismus“ in sogenannten „armen Ländern“. Die Wartezeit für eine Nierentransplantation kann derzeit bis zu 10 Jahre betragen und dazu führen, dass Betroffene verzweifelt nach Alternativen suchen, unabhängig von rechtlichen und moralischen Bedenken. Andererseits können Spendende in einer prekären sozialen Situation durch eine Lebendspende finanzielle Probleme vermeintlich schnell lösen. Mögliche Lösungen und Vorschläge, um die Organspendebereitschaft und damit die Zahl von verfügbaren Nierentransplantaten zu erhöhen, sind beispielsweise die Förderung von Organspenden durch mehr staatliche Programme und die Verstärkung der entsprechenden Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, oder eine Veränderung des Transplantationsgesetzes. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden ein Überblick und ein besseres Verständnis für verschiedene Aspekte des Organhandels mit Nieren vermittelt. Durch Aussagen von direkt Betroffenen sowie eine ausgiebige Literaturrecherche werden die aktuellen Hintergründe des weltweiten Organhandels mit Nieren beleuchtet.
Postmortale Donation und Qualitätssicherung
Authors: Matevossian Edouard , Hüser Norbert , Naisar Sara Magdalena , Stocker Felix , Bollwein Christine , Renders Lutz , Thorban Stefan , Aßfalg Volker 
Published: October 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas Transplantationsgesetz (TPG) bildet die rechtliche Grundlage für die Organ- und Gewebespende. Gegenstand dieser Richtlinie sind die Anforderungen zur Qualitätssicherung in der Transplantationsmedizin. Zur Reduzierung der Risiken und zur Maximierung des Nutzens der Transplantation müssen die Eurotransplant-Mitglied-Staaten ein wirksames System für Qualität und Sicherheit anwenden. Ein Verfahren zur Qualitätssicherung in der Transplantationsmedizin soll Transparenz darüber herstellen, welche Auswirkungen einzelne Schritte im Prozess der Transplantation auf die Behandlungsergebnisse haben. Das international standardisierte Verfahren zur Qualitätssicherung bei Donation begleitet parallel den Entwicklungsprozess der Transplantationsmedizin. Die makroskopische Beurteilung des Spenderorgans durch das Explantationsteam sollte daher als obligate nützliche Ergänzung zu den bisherigen Instrumenten und etablierten Risikofaktoren angesehen und kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt werden.
Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma: ultrasonographic features and risk factors for the Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon
Authors: Zhao Jing , Yuan Jian-Jun , Dong Chang-Xian , Zhang Xiangqin , Li Chuang , Sun Qi , Wu Gang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractKaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare, locally aggressive vascular tumor with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate ultrasonographic findings associated with KHE.The clinical and ultrasonographic findings of a cohort of 64 cases with pathologically proven KHE were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed between November 2014 and February 2021. Two subtypes were divided according to the presence or absence of the Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP). The KMP risk factors in patients with KHE were analyzed statistically.Among the 64 cases of KHE, 43 (67.2%) were accompanied by KMP. There was a positive correlation between the appearance of KMP and tumor size. KHEs had an increased risk of developing KMP if the lesions measured were >6 cm and if they belonged to the deep or mixed subtype. On ultrasonography, all KHE lesions were heterogeneous, and 81.3% were hypoechoic; 93.8% of KHEs exhibited ill-defined margins, 68.7% had strands branching into the adjacent tissue, and 84.4% presented marked hypervascularity. Elastography showed that central hypoechogenic lesion areas were hard, and surrounding hyperechogenic lesion areas were soft.KHEs can occur in different parts of childrens’ bodies. On ultrasonography, the main findings are heterogeneous low erosions, indistinct margins, branching strangulation into adjacent tissues, and obvious hypervascularity. Patients with lesions larger than 6 cm or belonging to deep or mixed subtypes (musculoskeletal infiltrates) are at risk for developing KMP, and clinicians should be vigilant.
History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology: Hooshang Taybi, 1919–2006
Authors: Vanhoenacker Filip M. , Lachman Ralph 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis history page is dedicated to the memory and achievements of the pediatric radiologist Hooshang Taybi whose name is associated with the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, Taybi syndrome, and Taybi-Linder syndrome.
Metabolic Bone Diseases: Recommendations for Interventional Radiology
Authors: Di Donna Antonio , Masala Salvatore , Muto Gianluca , Marcia Stefano , Giordano Flavio , Muto Mario 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetabolic bone diseases (MBDs), including osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and Paget's disease, represent a significant challenge in medical imaging and intervention. Interventional radiologists play a pivotal role in managing these conditions, due to the crucial role of detailed and precise imaging in diagnosing and treating MBDs. This article offers comprehensive recommendations aimed at optimizing interventional radiologic practices for patients with MBDs, highlighting the importance of using advanced imaging modalities, including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging, essential for accurate assessment of bone mineral density and architecture, guiding effective intervention strategies. We also discuss the use of minimally invasive procedures like vertebroplasty and biopsy, vital for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, to enhance diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes, ensuring high-quality patient management in the context of MBDs.
Two Decades of High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography: Present and Future Clinical Perspectives
Authors: Boyd Steven K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTwenty years have passed since the introduction of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) to assess human bone microarchitecture. During that time, the technique has emerged as an important research tool used by clinicians and scientists to learn about the pathophysiology of bone adaptation in the context of osteoporosis and many other bone-affected conditions. Its rich three-dimensional data is well suited for precise longitudinal monitoring of bone microarchitecture and associated patient-specific estimated bone strength.However, uptake of HR-pQCT as a clinical diagnostic tool has been limited, in part due to challenges such as availability, regulatory approvals, and demonstrated cost effectiveness. New research suggests fracture risk assessment using HR-pQCT is comparable with current standards based on traditional bone densitometry, but its contribution to clinical care is best suited to two areas: (1) leveraging microarchitectural information to assist in treatment decisions for the large subset of patients who lie in the so-called gray zone by current fracture risk assessment, and (2) longitudinal monitoring that establishes highly refined trajectories of bone adaptation and can inform decisions to initiate treatment, monitor treatment effects, and inform cessation.
Modifying x-ray streak cameras for operation on igniting fusion experiments
Authors: Khan S. F. , Nyholm P. R. , Decker K. J. , MacPhee A. G. , Hilsabeck T. J. , Boyle D. , Palmer N. , Miller T. A. , Carpenter A. C. 
Published: October 2024

The National Ignition Facility produced the first nuclear fusion experiment demonstrating net positive energy gain on December 5, 2022. The x-ray streak camera that measures the bang time and burn-width from this landmark experiment had an electronic failure and did not record data. The CCD sensor was replaced with a radiation hardened CMOS sensor that has since demonstrated successful operation on repeat ignition shots. Concurrently, an instrument artifact was identified that occurs when the signal consists primarily of energetic x rays &gt;15 keV (common on burning plasma experiments). This artifact, which appears as a background pedestal, arises from the x-ray back-fluorescence generated by the solid metal accelerating mesh behind the photocathode in the streak tube. We have mitigated this background signal by limiting the sensitive area of the photocathode. Herein, the details of the modifications and the results are presented.
Reactive scattering of H2 on Cu(111) at 925 K: Effective Hartree potential vs sudden approximation
Authors: Smits Bauke , Sah Mantu Kumar , Naskar Koushik , Adhikari Satrajit , Meyer Jörg , Somers Mark F. 
Published: October 2024

We present new quantum dynamical results for the reactive scattering of hydrogen molecules from a Cu(111) surface at a surface temperature of 925 K. Reaction, scattering, and diffraction probabilities are compared for results obtained using both an effective Hartree potential (EfHP) and a sudden approximation approach, implemented through the static corrugation model (SCM), to include surface temperature effects. Toward this goal, we show how the SRP48 DFT-functional and an embedded atom potential perform when used to calculate copper lattice constants and thermal expansion coefficients based on lattice dynamics calculations within the quasi-harmonic approximation. The so-calculated phonons are then used in the EfHP approach to replace the normal modes of a fictitious copper cluster used in earlier work. We find that both the EfHP and SCM approaches correctly predict the reaction probability curve broadening effect when the surface temperature is increased. Similarly, results for rovibrationally elastic scattering appear to be improved, predominantly for the SCM model. The behavior of the EfHP results appears to remain much closer to that of a Born–Oppenheimer static surface approach, which excludes any surface temperature effects. Finally, for the diffraction, we show very clear attenuation effects for the SCM approach, significantly decreasing specular diffraction probabilities at 925 K surface temperature. These results demonstrate that state-of-the-art theoretical models are able to reproduce strictly quantum mechanical scattering effects with a sudden approximation model and open up interesting opportunities for further comparisons to experimental diffraction results.
Gyroscope in-assembly drift anomaly detection based on decision re-optimized deep auto-encoder
Authors: Fan Wuyang , Fu Song , Zhong Shisheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In dynamic servo gyroscope assembly, frequent drift performance overproof causes massive part re-assembly and write-off, for which in-assembly gyro drift anomaly detection is required. However, when utilizing common anomaly detection methods, imbalanced assembly data distribution causes severe accuracy reduction and false alarms. To tackle these problems, we first propose a decision re-optimized deep autoencoder model to conduct in-assembly drift anomaly detection under imbalanced assembly data distribution. Second, a decision-based training strategy is introduced to lower the false alarm rate in anomaly detection, for which models based on different training strategies are compared for better performance. Third, a modified SMOTE data augmentation method is utilized to settle the impact of data imbalance under small-sample conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve in-assembly drift anomaly detection under imbalanced data distribution with high precision and outperforms all other existing methods, lowering the assembly repetition rate and improving assembly efficiency.
Certification of multi-qubit quantum systems with temporal inequalities
Authors: Sharma Gautam , Jebarathinam Chellasamy , Sazim Sk , Augusiak Remigiusz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Demonstrating contextual correlations in quantum theory through the violation of a non-contextuality inequality necessarily needs some ‘contexts’ and thus assumes some compatibility relations between the measurements. As a result, any self-testing protocol based on the maximal violation of such inequality is not free from such assumptions. In this work, we propose temporal inequalities derived from non-contextuality inequalities for multi-qubit systems without assuming any compatibility relations among the measurements. We demonstrate that the new inequalities can be maximally violated via a sequential measurement scenario. Moreover, using the maximal violation of these temporal inequalities, we are able to certify the multi-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states and the measurements.
Use of the

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electric dipole forbidden transition in Rb as a non-perturbing probe of atom dynamics in an operating magneto-optical trap
Authors: Hoyos-Campo L M , Ponciano-Ojeda F S , Ramírez-Martínez F , Flores-Mijangos J , Sánchez D Sahagún , Jáuregui R , Jiménez-Mier J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Results of spectroscopy experiments using the

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electric dipole forbidden transition in cold rubidium atoms are presented. Production of this forbidden transition is detected by observing the emission of the 420 nm fluorescence photons that result from the decay of the

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state into the ground state. The experiments are performed under the steady state operation conditions of a magneto-optical trap (MOT), and thus provide non-perturbing information on the atom-light system. The hyperfine structure of the

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level is completely resolved, and the fluorescence peaks show the expected Autler–Townes (AT) splitting of the emission lines. This hyperfine structure is used to calibrate the frequency scale of all spectra recorded. A combination of this absolute frequency scale and an expression for the AT profile allows an absolute determination of the effective Rabi frequency and detuning of the MOT. The behavior of these AT doublets is studied as a function of frequency detuning and also as a function of the trapping light intensity. The experiments also take full advantage of the strong polarization dependence of the relative intensities of the hyperfine fluorescence components. This study results in a sensitive probe of the relative populations of the magnetic sublevel projections relative to the trapping magnetic field gradient. An almost isotropic population distribution was found, but small deviations from isotropy could be determined with this electric dipole forbidden probe.