bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced morning cortisol concentration in saliva was associated with obesity: Evidence from community‐dwelling adults in papua new guinea
Authors: Morita Ayako , Natsuhara Kazumi , Vengiau Gwendalyn , Chia‐Jung Chen Cindy , Odani Shingo , Inaoka Tsukasa , Tadokoro Kiyoshi , Suda Kazuhiro , Furusawa Takuro , Siba Peter , Phuanukoonnon Suparat , Umezaki Masahiro 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesThis study investigated morning salivary cortisol concentration in relation to total body fat composition among community‐dwelling Papua New Guinean adults.MethodsIn addition to demographic and anthropometric measurements, saliva was collected in a single morning from 478 residents in Eastern Highlands Province and Madang Province.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, region, and occupation, the morning salivary cortisol concentration was significantly negatively correlated with body mass index among men (B = −0.01, P < 0.05) and women (B = −0.013, P < 0.05), and waist circumference (B = −0.007, P < 0.05), waist‐to‐hip‐ratio (B = −1.214, P < 0.05), and subscapular‐to‐triceps skinfold‐thickness ratio (B = −0.045, P < 0.05) among men. Men with total or abdominal body fat mass known for elevated risk of non‐communicable diseases displayed lower cortisol compared to men without such risk.ConclusionsPapua New Guinean adults with increased accumulation of body fat showed reduced cortisol concentration in morning saliva. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:587–590, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photochemical Reduction of Low Concentrations of CO2 in a Porous Coordination Polymer with a Ruthenium(II)–CO Complex
Authors: Kajiwara Takashi , Fujii Machiko , Tsujimoto Masahiko , Kobayashi Katsuaki , Higuchi Masakazu , Tanaka Koji , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDirect use of low pressures of CO2 as a C1 source without concentration from gas mixtures is of great interest from an energy‐saving viewpoint. Porous heterogeneous catalysts containing both adsorption and catalytically active sites are promising candidates for such applications. Here, we report a porous coordination polymer (PCP)‐based catalyst, PCP‐RuII composite, bearing a RuII‐CO complex active for CO2 reduction. The PCP‐RuII composite showed improved CO2 adsorption behavior at ambient temperature. In the photochemical reduction of CO2 the PCP‐RuII composite produced CO, HCOOH, and H2. Catalytic activity was comparable with the corresponding homogeneous RuII catalyst and ranks among the highest of known PCP‐based catalysts. Furthermore, catalytic activity was maintained even under a 5 % CO2/Ar gas mixture, revealing a synergistic effect between the adsorption and catalytically active sites within the PCP‐RuII composite.
SAM‐II Riboswitch Samples at least Two Conformations in Solution in the Absence of Ligand: Implications for Recognition
Authors: Chen Bin , LeBlanc Regan , Dayie T. Kwaku 
Published: January 2016

AbstractConformational equilibria are increasingly recognized as pivotal for biological function. Traditional structural analyses provide a static image of conformers in solution that sometimes present conflicting views. From 13C and 1H chemical exchange saturation transfer experiments, in concert with ligation and selective labeling strategies, we show that in the absence of metabolite, a Mg2+ (0–0.5 mm)‐bound apo SAM‐II riboswitch RNA exists in a minor (≈10 %) partially closed state that rapidly exchanges with a predominantly (≈90 %) open form with a lifetime of ≈32 ms. The base and sugar (H6,C6, H1′,C1′) chemical shifts of C43 for the dominant conformer are similar to those of a free CMP, but those of the minor apo species are comparable to shifts of CMPs in helical RNA regions. Our results suggest that these transient, low populated states stabilized by Mg2+ will likely enhance rapid ligand recognition and, we anticipate, will play potentially ubiquitous roles in RNA signaling.
Ultrathin Free‐Standing Ternary‐Alloy Nanosheets
Authors: Hong Jong Wook , Kim Yena , Wi Dae Han , Lee Seunghoon , Lee Su‐Un , Lee Young Wook , Choi Sang‐Il , Han Sang Woo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA synthesis strategy for the preparation of ultrathin free‐standing ternary‐alloy nanosheets is reported. Ultrathin Pd‐Pt‐Ag nanosheets with a thickness of approximately 3 nm were successfully prepared by co‐reduction of the metal precursors in an appropriate molar ratio in the presence of CO. Both the presence of CO and the interplay between the constituent metals provide fine control over the anisotropic two‐dimensional growth of the ternary‐alloy nanostructure. The prepared Pd‐Pt‐Ag nanosheets were superior catalysts of ethanol electrooxidation owing to their specific structural and compositional characteristics. This approach will pave the way for the design of multicomponent 2D nanomaterials with unprecedented functions.
C−C Bond‐Forming Strategy by Manganese‐Catalyzed Oxidative Ring‐Opening Cyanation and Ethynylation of Cyclobutanol Derivatives
Authors: Ren Rongguo , Wu Zhen , Xu Yan , Zhu Chen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA novel C−C bond‐forming strategy employing manganese‐catalyzed ring‐opening of cyclobutanol substrates, followed by cyanation or ethynylation, is described. A cyano C1 unit and ethynyl C2 unit are regiospecifically introduced to the γ‐position of ketones at room temperature, providing a mild yet powerful method for production of elusive aliphatic nitriles and alkynes. All transformations described are based on a common sequence: 1) oxidative ring‐opening of cyclobutanol substrates by C−C bond cleavage; 2) radical addition to triple bonds bearing an arylsulfonyl group; and 3) radical‐mediated C−S bond cleavage.
Ca2+‐Induced Oxygen Generation by FeO42− at pH 9–10
Authors: Ma Li , Lam William W. Y. , Lo Po‐Kam , Lau Kai‐Chung , Lau Tai‐Chu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAlthough FeO42− (ferrate(IV)) is a very strong oxidant that readily oxidizes water in acidic medium, at pH 9–10 it is relatively stable (<2 % decomposition after 1 h at 298 K). However, FeO42− is readily activated by Ca2+ at pH 9–10 to generate O2. The reaction has the following rate law: d[O2]/dt=kCa[Ca2+][FeO42−]2. 18O‐labeling experiments show that both O atoms in O2 come from FeO42−. These results together with DFT calculations suggest that the function of Ca2+ is to facilitate O–O coupling between two FeO42‐ions by bridging them together. Similar activating effects are also observed with Mg2+ and Sr2+.
Two novel peptides with angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidative activities from Scorpaena notata muscle protein hydrolysate
Authors: Aissaoui Neyssene , Abidi Ferid , Hardouin Julie , Abdelkafi Zaineb , Marrakchi Naziha , Jouenne Thierry , Marzouki M. Nejib 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFish protein hydrolysate was prepared from muscle of small red scorpionfish (Scorpaena notata) by treatment with a protease from the fungus Penicillium digitatum. Protein hydrolysate was found to strongly inhibit the angiotensin I converting enzyme and exhibited high antioxidative activity through 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay. After ultrafiltration, peptides were isolated by a two‐step procedure: size exclusion chromatography on a Toyopearl HW‐40 followed by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with a high purification yield of 2.5 mg of peptide per gram of initial protein. Two major peptides were then identified by nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nano‐LC‐MS/MS), corresponding to the following sequences: Leu‐Val‐Thr‐Gly‐Asp‐Asp‐Lys‐Thr‐Asn‐Leu‐Lys (1,204.665 Da) and Asp‐Thr‐Gly‐Ser‐Asp‐Lys‐Lys‐Gln‐Leu (992.511 Da). These peptides, mainly composed of hydrophilic amino acids, showed high antioxidative and angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory activities. These data suggest that the two novel peptides isolated from the muscle hydrolysate of small red scorpionfish can be a beneficial ingredient for functional foods or pharmaceuticals against hypertension and oxidative stress.
Multiomics approach to identify novel biomarkers for dilated cardiomyopathy: Proteome and transcriptome analyses of 4C30 dilated cardiomyopathy mouse model
Authors: Nishigori Mitsuhiro , Yagi Hiroaki , Mochiduki Akikazu , Minamino Naoto 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an intractable disease, without any radical treatment option other than cardiac transplantation. Additionally, biomarkers to determine progressive staging are not yet available. Irrespective of the diversity of causative gene mutations, the phenotype of DCM is rather common. Therefore, it is plausible to determine DCM staging in terms of variations in protein and mRNA levels. In this study, we performed proteome and transcriptome analysis of the left ventricle of 4C30 DCM model mice showing mild and severe phenotypes at 12 and 24 weeks (wk) after birth, respectively. Proteomic analyses results showed 109 proteins that increased and 133 others that decreased among 1874 detected proteins. We selected biomarker candidates by confirming consistent alterations in protein levels at 12 and 24 wk, and mRNA levels at 12 wk, and narrowed these down based on the requirement that they should be detectable in blood. Finally, we selected six biomarker candidates based on sustained or augmented alteration at 24 wk and confirmed their definite alterations in the left ventricle by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). To assess the validity of this strategy, we measured plasma concentrations of the six candidates by MRM method and identified two proteins (FTL1 and GRP78) that demonstrated significant elevation in the 4C30 mice plasma. Taken together, a multiomics strategy comparing tissue expression levels of proteins and mRNAs between diseased and control groups, with appropriate confirmation, is a promising approach for the discovery of new biomarkers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 491–502, 2016.
Serum midkine as a biomarker for malignancy, prognosis, and chemosensitivity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yamashita Taku , Shimada Hideaki , Tanaka Shingo , Araki Koji , Tomifuji Masayuki , Mizokami Daisuke , Tanaka Nobuaki , Kamide Daisuke , Miyagawa Yoshihiro , Suzuki Hiroshi , Tanaka Yuya , Shiotani Akihiro 
Published: January 2016

AbstractImproved therapies for individuals with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) may be developed by identification of appropriate biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of serum midkine measurement as a biomarker for HNSCC. Pretreatment serum midkine concentrations were measured in 103 patients with HNSCC and 116 control individuals by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Midkine expression in tumor tissues from 33 patients with HNSCC who underwent definitive surgical resection without preoperative treatment was examined by immunohistochemistry. The cut‐off serum midkine concentrations for predicting the presence of head and neck malignancy and chemosensitivity to induction chemotherapy, as determined using receiver operating characteristic curves, were 482 and 626 pg/mL, respectively. Spearman bivariate correlations showed positive correlations between serum midkine levels and immunohistochemistry staining score (r = 0.612, P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of serum midkine concentration for detection of HNSCC were 57.3, 85.3, 77.6, 69.2, and 72.1%, respectively. However, for predicting the response to induction chemotherapy, the values were 84.6, 60.9, 71.0, 77.8, and 73.5%, respectively. Serum midkine concentration was identified as an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis, using Cox's proportional hazards model (P = 0.027). Overexpression of serum midkine yielded a relative risk of death of 3.77, with 95% confidence limits ranging from 1.15 to 17.0. Serum midkine levels in patients with HNSCC were associated with malignancy, chemosensitivity, and prognosis. Serum midkine may be a useful, minimally invasive biomarker for early detection, therapeutic decision‐making, and predicting prognosis.
Pretreatment serum interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels predict the progression of colorectal cancer
Authors: Chang Pei‐Hung , Pan Yi‐Ping , Fan Chung‐Wei , Tseng Wen‐Ko , Huang Jen‐Seng , Wu Tsung‐Han , Chou Wen‐Chi , Wang Cheng‐Hsu , Yeh Kun‐Yun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe correlations of pretreatment serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) with the clinicopathologic features and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) were investigated. The pretreatment serum levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNFα were measured in 164 CRC patients before treatment. The relationships between changes in proinflammatory cytokine and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels and both clinicopathologic variables and disease progression were examined by univariate and multivariate analysis. Advanced tumor stage was associated with a poorer histologic differentiation, higher CRP level, lower albumin level, and inferior progression‐free survival rate (PFSR). Furthermore, high levels of CRP (>5 mg/L) were associated with proinflammatory cytokine intensity, defined according to the number of proinflammatory cytokines with levels above the median level (IL‐1β ≥10 pg/mL; IL‐6 ≥ 10 pg/mL; and TNFα ≥55 pg/mL). Under different inflammation states, proinflammatory cytokine intensity, in addition to tumor stage, independently predicted PFSR in patients with CRP <5 mg/L, whereas tumor stage was the only independent predictor of PFSR in patients with CRP ≥5 mg/L. Proinflammatory cytokine intensity and the CRP level are clinically relevant for CRC progression. Measurement of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNFα serum levels may help identify early cancer progression among patients with CRP <5 mg/L in routine practice.
Enantioselective Oxidative Rearrangements with Chiral Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Brown Michael , Kumar Ravi , Rehbein Julia , Wirth Thomas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA stereoselective hypervalent iodine‐promoted oxidative rearrangement of 1,1‐disubstituted alkenes has been developed. This practically simple protocol provides access to enantioenriched α‐arylated ketones without the use of transition metals from readily accessible alkenes.
Work stealing with private integer–vector–matrix data structure for multi‐core branch‐and‐bound algorithms
Authors: Gmys Jan , Leroy Rudi , Mezmaz Mohand , Melab Nouredine , Tuyttens Daniel 
Published: January 2016

SummaryIn this paper, the focus is put on multi‐core branch‐and‐bound algorithms for solving large‐scale permutation‐based optimization problems. We investigate five work stealing (WS) strategies with a new data structure called integer–vector–matrix (IVM). In these strategies, each thread has a private IVM allowing the local management of a set of subproblems enumerated using a factorial system. The WS strategies differ in the way the victim thread is selected and the granularity of stolen work units (intervals of factoradics). To assess the efficiency of the private IVM‐based WS approach, the five WS strategies have been extensively experimented on the flowshop scheduling permutation problem and compared with their conventional linked‐list‐based counterparts. The obtained results demonstrate that the IVM‐based WS outperforms the linked‐list‐based one in terms of CPU time, memory usage and number of performed WS operations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probabilistic query generation and fuzzy c‐means clustering for energy‐efficient operation in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Chaturvedi Ashvini 
Published: January 2016

SummaryDepending upon sensing attributes, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are classified as event driven, time driven, and query driven. In a given surveillance area, approximation of query generation process using uniform probability mass function (PMF) model seems to be reasonable in aggregate terms based on observations extracted from lifetime span of WSNs. However, owing to random generation aspects of query and the associated temporal variations, the Poisson distribution‐based model appears to be more appropriate to resemble the realistic query generation pattern. Invariably, in all the sensor network architectures, the energy management requires an important consideration owing to limited energy resources. For the optimal utilization of energy resources, we propose fuzzy c‐means (FCM) algorithm to form clusters in a hierarchical network configuration. Network performance is measured in terms of key performance measures, namely, average residual energy status, critical residual energy status (CRES), and number of network nodes that attain the CRES mark. These performance measures are estimated and analyzed for three different PMF models of query generation namely Uniform, Gaussian and Poisson. The merit of deploying FCM algorithm in terms of maintaining much better energy profile of the entire network is discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cytopathology of mycobacterial infection
Authors: Michelow Pamela , Omar Tanvier , Field Andrew , Wright Colleen 
Published: January 2016

Mycobacterial infection, tuberculosis (TB) in particular, remains one of the world's deadliest communicable diseases in adults and particularly in children, in low and middle income countries. The combination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and TB is often lethal with TB accounting for 25% of deaths in the HIV population.One of the cornerstones for reducing the TB epidemic is early case detection using high quality diagnostic techniques. Cytology, especially fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is able to diagnose mycobacterial infection in a rapid and cost‐effective manner without requiring surgery, thus allowing appropriate management to be quickly instituted. Confirmatory ancillary tests can effectively be performed on cytologic material. In this review, the pertinent cytomorphology of mycobacterial infection in various exfoliative and FNAB specimens is presented, in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. In the immunosuppressed, the typical cytomorphology of caseating granulomatous inflammation may not be seen but suppurative necrotic inflammation, mycobacterial spindle pseudotumour or a specimen comprised entirely of necrosis may be seen instead. This review includes discussion of currently available ancillary tests that can be performed on cytologic specimens. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:255–262. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytologic diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis: Spectrum of findings in Southern Arizona patients over a 10 year period
Authors: Aly F. Zahra , Millius Rebecca , Sobonya Richard , Aboul‐Nasr Khalid , Klein Robert 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe largest series examining the cytological diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis was reported more than 20 years ago and only considered fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens from pulmonary nodules. Since then, there has been a substantial increase in the incidence of the disease in endemic regions. The aims of this study were to examine the spectrum of Coccidioides in all cytologic specimens and detail their diagnostic and clinical features. The prevalence of infection is also examined against temperature and precipitation data.MethodsThe Department of Pathology database was retrospectively searched for cases diagnosed as coccidioidomycosis. Climate report was obtained from National Weather Service Forecast Office. Statistical analysis was carried out using JMP version 11.2.0.ResultsThe presence of Coccidiodes was microscopically diverse with immature spherules, variably sized spherules, endosporulating spherules, empty spherules, and ruptured spherules being observed. Bronchoalveolar lavages demonstrated the greatest number of different forms of Coccidioides and were associated with acute inflammatory response. Granulomas were rare and mostly seen in lymph nodes and extra pulmonary sites. A necrotic background with paucity of inflammation was frequently seen in lung FNA. Immune competent patients outnumbered immunocompromised patients, illustrating the importance of considering the diagnosis in all patients. The reported association between rainfall and peak prevalence was not observed in our study.ConclusionCoccidioides has diverse cytological appearance and varied host response depending on the site and type of preparation examined. In endemic areas, the disease should be considered in all patients, independent of immune status, and throughout the year. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:195–200. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of fertilization on microbial abundance and emissions of greenhouse gases (CH4 and N2O) in rice paddy fields
Authors: Fan Xianfang , Yu Haiyang , Wu Qinyan , Ma Jing , Xu Hua , Yang Jinghui , Zhuang Yiqing 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study is to explore effects of nitrogen application and straw incorporation on abundance of relevant microbes and CH4 and N2O fluxes in a midseason aerated rice paddy field. Fluxes of CH4 and N2O were recorded, and abundance of relevant soil microbial functional genes was determined during rice‐growing season in a 6‐year‐long fertilization experiment field in China. Results indicate that application of urea significantly changed the functional microbial composition, while the influence of straw incorporation was not significant. Application of urea significantly decreased the gene abundances of archaeal amoA and mcrA, but it significantly increased the gene abundances of bacterial amoA. CH4 emission was significantly increased by fresh straw incorporation. Incorporation of burnt straw tended to increase CH4 emission, while the urea application had no obvious effect on CH4 emission. N2O emission was significantly increased by urea application, while fresh or burnt straw incorporation tended to decrease N2O emission. The functional microbial composition did not change significantly over time, although the abundances of pmoA, archaeal amoA, nirS, and nosZ genes changed significantly. The change of CH4 emission showed an inverse trend with the one of the N2O emissions over time. To some extent, the abundance of some functional genes in this study can explain CH4 and N2O emissions. However, the correlation between CH4 and N2O emissions and the abundance of related functional genes was not significant. Environmental factors, such as soil Eh, may be more related to CH4 and N2O emissions.
The use of Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium in clonal plant systems
Authors: Douhovnikoff Vladimir , Leventhal Matthew 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTraditionally population genetics precludes the use of the same genetic individual more than once in Hardy–Weinberg (HW) based calculations due to the model's explicit assumptions. However, when applied to clonal plant populations this can be difficult to do, and in some circumstances, it may be ecologically informative to use the ramet as the data unit. In fact, ecologists have varied the definition of the individual from a strict adherence to a single data point per genotype to a more inclusive approach of one data point per ramet. With the advent of molecular tools, the list of facultatively clonal plants and the recognition of their ecological relevance grows. There is an important risk of misinterpretation when HW calculations are applied to a clonal plant not recognized as clonal, as well as when the definition of the individual for those calculations is not clearly stated in a known clonal species. Focusing on heterozygosity values, we investigate cases that demonstrate the extreme range of potential modeling outcomes and describe the different contexts where a particular definition could better meet ecological modeling goals. We emphasize that the HW model can be ecologically relevant when applied to clonal plants, but caution is necessary in how it is used, reported, and interpreted. We propose that in known clonal plants, both genotype (GHet) and ramet (RHet) based calculations are reported to define the full range of potential values and better facilitate cross‐study comparisons.