bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Real-Time Associative Feature-Based Customer Relationship Management and Enterprise Resource Planning Integration Model for Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Sun Yiding , Li Xinming , Ma Yongsheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Customer relationship management (CRM) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) have been extensively discussed in the research literature respectively. However, existing studies do not reach a complete agreement on the CRM/ERP integration method, especially for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Generally, this work proposed a novel method for CRM/ERP integration approach via associative feature technology. A new feature type, Real-time Data Link Board (RDLB), is developed and detailed as a generic information carrier solution for multisystem integration between CRM and ERP packages. Valuable data elements are mapped into such data boards dynamically and synchronized across different data sources, structures, and databases. The contribution of this work is to present a well-defined and generically reusable data carrier definition, alongside related methods for ensuring consistent data modeling during the system integration phase across various digitalization engineering implementation projects. With this approach, the consistent management of data integration across intricate systems is achievable throughout application lifecycles, supported by the object-oriented software engineering foundation.
Cooling Injection Effect on the Suction Side Near-Tip Region of Turbine Blade With High-Speed Relative Casing Motion
Authors: Peng Xu , Jiang Hongmei , Lu Shaopeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The high-speed relative casing motion between the casing and the turbine blade tip introduces significant complexities to the flow field near the tip, resulting in alterations to the heat transfer distribution on the suction surface of the blade near the tip, and further influences the arrangement of film cooling arrangements. However, due to the challenges associated with measuring heat transfer, the influence of cooling injection on the near-tip region of the suction side under high-speed relative casing motion still remains uncertain. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by conducting experiments on a high-speed disk rotor experimental rig. The heat transfer coefficient and cooling effectiveness are investigated for different cooling hole arrangements. Additionally, based on the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method, the interaction mechanism of cooling injections under high-speed relative casing movement is comprehensively discussed. It is observed that the cooling effect, which would be effective under stationary conditions, is greatly diminished or even rendered ineffective when subjected to high-speed relative casing conditions. Furthermore, arranging the cooling holes at the location where the interaction between the over-tip-leakage flow and the passage flow occurs would be an effective approach to enhance the cooling performance on the blade near-tip suction side. The effect of different relative casing speeds on suction side near-tip region cooling injection performances is also numerically investigated. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the considerations involved in the film cooling design of turbine blades.
Performance of Rough-Ribbed Low-Pressure Turbine Blades Under Varying Loading and Operating Conditions
Authors: Ananth S. M. , Nardini Massimiliano , Kozul Melissa , Vadlamani Nagabhushana Rao , Sandberg Richard D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated the effectiveness of riblets (streamwise aligned grooves) in reducing the profile loss of low-pressure turbine (LPT) blades under high-lift (HL) loading. In this research, we pursue the efficacy of riblets in reducing the blade profile loss under various design and off-design conditions. We adopt a strategy in which surface roughness is employed in the transitional regime to minimize the separation bubble-related losses and flush-mounted riblets downstream to further mitigate the skin-friction drag and boundary layer losses due to an increase in the turbulent wetted area. Several high-fidelity scale-resolving simulations are carried out to test the efficacy of this ‘rough-ribbed’ LPT blade for loadings ranging from low-lift (LL), HL, and ultra high-lift (UHL) conditions. Furthermore, two exit Reynolds numbers—83,000 and 166,000—pertaining to engine relevant design and off-design conditions, respectively, are considered. The streamwise evolution of skin-friction coefficient and boundary layer integral parameters are compared and contrasted among different test cases. The instantaneous flow features and second-order statistics such as the Reynolds stress and turbulent kinetic energy are analyzed to determine the design and off-design performance of riblets. It is found that the efficacy of scallop-shaped riblets in reducing the profile loss improves with loading. Specifically, the net skin-friction reduction increases from 3.4% under LL to 8% under UHL loading at cruise Re. There is a corresponding reduction in the trailing edge momentum thickness (θTE) from 10% to 15%. A further reduction in θTE is attained from design to off-design Re under UHL loading. Thus, the effect of riblets in reducing mixing losses improves with increasing Re. It is also found that the riblets reduce flow blockage due to boundary layers. Furthermore, the necessity to optimize riblet ramp to achieve skin-friction reduction under off-design conditions is highlighted.
Optimization of Low-Pressure Turbine Blade by Means of Fine Inspection of Loss Production Mechanisms
Authors: Russo Matteo , Carlucci Andrea , Dellacasagrande Matteo , Petronio Daniele , Lengani Davide , Simoni Daniele , Bellucci Juri , Giovannini Matteo , Granata Angelo A. , Gily Monica , Manca Carlotta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was applied to large eddy simulations (LES) of two high-loaded low-pressure turbine cascades under unsteady inflow to investigate entropy production in different parts of the blade passage. The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) production, diffusion, and dissipation terms from the stagnation pressure transport equation were integrated over the computational domain. The POD-based method splits the contribution of different coherent flow dynamics to TKE production and dissipation, including the migration, bowing, tilting, and reorientation of incoming wake filaments, as well as the breakup of streaky structures in the blade boundary layer and the formation of Von Karman vortices in the blade wake. This helps designers identify the dominant POD modes (turbulent flow structures) responsible for loss generation, their dynamics, and the spatial locations where they act, providing insights into the physical phenomena to be controlled. Following this optimization strategy, a new low-pressure turbine profile was designed. After performing LES on the optimized geometry, POD results indicated the possibility of designing a higher-loaded profile with a lower global loss coefficient. Thanks to the stronger acceleration imposed on the bulk flow in the former part of the blade passage, the new loading distribution is shown to be responsible for lower upstream wake migration losses, as well as for a smaller amount of TKE production in the trailing edge wake zone, as a result of the early suction side boundary layer transition.
Using Group Concept Mapping to Conceptualize Meaningfulness in Physical Education With Secondary Students
Authors: Harding-Kuriger Jodi , Gleddie Douglas , Ní Chróinín Déirdre , Lessard Sean 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: As a contribution to the ongoing Meaningful Physical Education (PE) research, this study seeks to understand secondary students’ conceptualizations of meaningful PE experiences, using Group Concept Mapping. Methods: Participants were secondary students (n = 55) in an urban sports academy. Conceptualizations of meaningful PE experiences were derived through three main activities using Group Concept Mapping: (a) brainstorming, (b) sorting, and (c) rating for importance. Results: The meaningfulness in PE maps depict synthesized statements distributed across four clusters: kindness, physical activity, fun, and quality education. The most important ideas were: “being treated with respect,” “working hard,” “having fun,” “being active,” and “equality.” Conclusions: The most significant Meaningful PE statements demonstrated the importance of blending the Meaningful PE features based on school context while making pedagogical decisions following the principles of autonomy and inclusivity.
Impact of high-speed nanodroplets on various pathogenic bacterial cell walls
Authors: Tamura Yurina , Kawamura Masato , Sato Takehiko , Nakajima Tomoki , Liu Siwei , Sato Takumi , Fujimura Shigeru 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Although the development of disinfection technologies with novel mechanisms has stagnated, we demonstrate the bactericidal effects and mechanisms of high-speed nanodroplet generation technology. The first development of this technology in 2017 gushes out a water droplet of 10 nm in size at 50 m/s; however, the target surface does not become completely wet. Nanodroplets were exposed to biofilm models of
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
Escherichia coli
, and
Serratia marcescens
. This phenomenon was verified when the nanodroplets collide with the surface of the bacteria at an impact pressure of ~75 MPa.
S. aureus
was exposed to nanodroplets for 30 seconds at 75 MPa, which exploded the bacterial body and completely sterilized. Eighteen MPa damaged the bacterial surface, causing peptidoglycan leakage.
S. aureus
was repaired and survives in this state. In contrast, in Gram-negative bacteria, nanodroplets with 18 MPa penetrated some biofilm-forming bacteria but did not hit all of them, and the viable count was not significantly reduced. Although all three bacterial species were completely sterilized at 75 MPa, the disinfectant effect was affected by the biomass of the biofilm formed. In summary, our findings prove that nanodroplets at 18 MPa on the bacterial surface were ineffective in killing bacteria, whereas at 75 MPa, all four bacterial species were completely sterilized. The disinfection mechanism involved a high-velocity collision of nanodroplets with the bacteria, physically destroying them. Our results showed that disinfection using this technology could be an innovative method that is completely different from existing disinfection techniques.

IMPORTANCE
Although existing disinfection techniques demonstrate bactericidal effects through chemical reactions, concerns regarding human toxicity and environmental contamination have been raised. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in the world to reveal that the use of this technology, with nanodroplets of less than 100 nm, can destroy and sterilize bacterial cells by colliding with biofilm-forming bacteria at 75 MPa. Furthermore, because this technology uses only water, it can solve the problems of human toxicity and environmental contamination caused by existing disinfection techniques. Because of its minimal water usage, it can be employed for sanitation worldwide without being limited to specific regions. Our report proposes an unprecedented physical disinfection approach that utilizes a high-speed nanodroplet generation technology.
Human parainfluenza virus 3 field strains undergo extracellular fusion protein cleavage to activate entry
Authors: Stearns Kyle , Lampe George , Hanan Rachel , Marcink Tara , Niewiesk Stefan , Sternberg Samuel H. , Greninger Alexander L. , Porotto Matteo , Moscona Anne 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) infection is driven by the coordinated action of viral surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion protein (F). Receptor-engaged HN activates F to insert into the target cell membrane and drive virion-cell membrane fusion. For F to mediate entry, its precursor (F0) must first be cleaved by host proteases. F0 cleavage has been thought to be executed during viral glycoprotein transit through the trans-Golgi network by the ubiquitously expressed furin because F0 proteins of laboratory-adapted viruses contain a furin recognition dibasic cleavage motif RXKR around residue 108. Here, we show that the F proteins of field strains have a different cleavage motif from laboratory-adapted strains and are cleaved by unidentified proteases expressed in only a narrow subset of cell types. We demonstrate that extracellular serine protease inhibitors block HPIV3 F0 cleavage for field strains, suggesting F0 cleavage occurs at the cell surface facilitated by transmembrane proteases. Candidate proteases that may process HPIV3 F
in vivo
were identified by a genome-wide CRISPRa screen in HEK293/dCas9-VP64 + MPH cells. The lung-expressed extracellular serine proteases TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS13 are both sufficient to cleave HPIV3 F and enable infectious virus release by otherwise non-permissive cells. Our findings support an alternative mechanism of F activation
in vivo
, reliant on extracellular membrane-bound serine proteases expressed in a narrow subset of cells. The proportion of HPIV3 F proteins cleaved and infectious virus release is determined by host cell expression of requisite proteases, allowing just-in-time activation of F and positioning F cleavage as another key regulator of HPIV3 spread.

IMPORTANCE
Enveloped viruses cause a wide range of diseases in humans. At the first step of infection, these viruses must fuse their envelope with a cell membrane to initiate infection. This fusion is mediated by viral proteins that require a critical activating cleavage event. It was previously thought that for parainfluenza virus 3, an important cause of respiratory disease and a representative of a group of important pathogens, this cleavage event was mediated by furin in the cell secretory pathways prior to formation of the virions. We show that this is only true for laboratory strain viruses, and that clinical viruses that infect humans utilize extracellular proteases that are only made by a small subset of cells. These results highlight the importance of studying authentic clinical viruses that infect human tissues for understanding natural infection.
Emergent ecology in a microscale model of the surface ocean
Authors: Eigemann Falk , Hoffmann Jutta , Schampera Charlotte , Liu Shuting , Bolaños Luis M. , Heemeyer Mats , Carlson Craig A. , Giovannoni Stephen , Hellweger Ferdi L. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Microbial processes operate at the microscale, which is not resolved by existing ecosystem models. Here, we present a novel model that simulates a 1 mL three-dimensional cube using a hybrid Lagrangian–Eulerian approach, at ecologically relevant timescales. The model simulates individual microbes, including three phytoplankton size classes with healthy, senescent, and dead lifecycle stages; copiotrophic and oligotrophic heterotrophic bacteria; and dissolved organic matter at 50 µm resolution. Diffusion, shear, sedimentation, chemotaxis, and attachment processes are explicitly resolved. The emerging quantitative representation of the ecosystem shows that (1) copiotrophs grow mostly attached to eukaryotic phytoplankters and get almost all of their carbon from them vs. oligotrophs that grow on exudates and lysates of cyanobacteria; (2) contrasting diel patterns in substrate appearance in the phycosphere vs. ambient water and growth of particle-associated copiotrophs vs. free-living oligotrophs; (3) attached bacteria reduce carbon flux from the phycosphere, lowering chemotactic efficiency toward eukaryotes below that toward cyanobacteria; (4) shear reduces chemotactic efficiency and fitness of the copiotroph; and (5) the main benefit of chemotaxis is to locate attachment partners. These patterns are consistent with available observations. Our study provides insights into the microscale ecology of marine bacteria, and the open-source code is a tool for further research in this area.

IMPORTANCE

A large amount of global CO
2
fixation is performed by marine phytoplankton, and a substantial fraction of that is released as dissolved organic carbon and further processed by heterotrophic bacteria. The interaction between phytoplankton and bacteria, i.e., the carbon flux between them, is therefore an important process in the global carbon and climate system. Some bacteria have developed specialized behavioral traits, like swimming and attachment, to increase their carbon acquisition. These interactions occur at the micrometer scale, for example, the immediate vicinity of phytoplankters (the phycosphere), but existing biogeochemical models typically only simulate down to the 1 meter vertical or ~100 kilometer horizontal scale. We present a new microscale model and use it to predict fluxes and other features in the surface ocean. The model makes important predictions about the fluxes between various types of phytoplankton and bacteria and the role of behavioral traits, and it provides a basis and tool for further research in this area.
Annotated genome sequences of
Salmonella
Haifa,
Salmonella
Bangkok, and
Salmonella
Reading, isolated from chicken meat in South Africa
Authors: Mathole Masenyabu , Carroll Laura , Khabo-Mmekoa Collette , Mabogoane Nomsa , Matle Itumeleng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the annotated genomes of
Salmonella
Haifa,
Salmonella
Bangkok, and
Salmonella
Reading, which are uncommonly isolated from meat in South Africa. Despite their rarity in South Africa, these serotypes have been linked to several high-profile outbreaks in other parts of the world.
A fur plucking model to study herpes simplex virus reactivation and recurrent disease
Authors: Philip Drake T. , Goins Nigel M. , Lazear Helen M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) most commonly cause ulcerative epithelial lesions (cold sores and genital herpes). Importantly, HSV establishes life-long persistent (latent) infection in peripheral neurons. Reactivation from latency produces recurrent epithelial lesions, which constitute the greatest burden of HSV disease in people. The mechanisms that regulate latency and reactivation remain incompletely understood, in part due to limitations in the animal models available for studying HSV reactivation. We have developed a simple and tractable model to induce HSV-1 and HSV-2 reactivation from latency to cause recurrent skin disease. We infected C57BL/6 mice with HSV-1 (strains NS, F, SC16, 17syn+) or HSV-2 (strain 333) on flank skin depilated by manual plucking. After at least 35 days post-infection (dpi), we replucked the fur from the infected flank and observed recurrent lesions in the same dermatome as the primary infection. We detected HSV DNA in dermatome skin through 4 days post-replucking and observed viral antigen and reporter signal in skin lesions by histology, consistent with viral replication following reactivation. In addition to C57BL/6 mice, we were able to produce reactivation in Balb/c and SKH-1 mice. We found that shaving the ipsilateral flank or plucking the contralateral flank did not induce recurrent skin lesions, suggesting that fur plucking is a specific stimulus that induces HSV reactivation. Furthermore, we were able to induce multiple rounds of plucking-induced recurrent disease, providing a model to investigate the lifelong nature of HSV infection. This new model provides a tractable system for studying pathogenic mechanisms of and therapeutic interventions against HSV reactivation and recurrent disease.

IMPORTANCE
Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) have infected over half of the US adult population to cause a lifelong, persistent infection; however, our understanding of the mechanisms that govern HSV reactivation and recurrent disease is incomplete. This is in part due to limitations in the animal models used to study recurrent disease, which are laborious and inefficient in mice. To address this technical gap, we developed a mouse model in which fur plucking after flank skin infection is sufficient to induce episodes of HSV reactivation and recurrent disease. Our work provides a model for the field to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of HSV and immune responses during recurrent disease and provides an opportunity to investigate the neurobiology of HSV infection.
Black Dark Matter and Antimatter
Authors: Dolgov A. D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
It is shown that the dense population of the early universe with well developed galaxies and supermassive black holes (quasars), observed by HST and JWST, nicely fits the conjecture that the galaxies and quasars are seeded by primordial black holes (PBHs), proposed in our work more than 30 years ago. This idea of galaxy seeding by massive black holes is rediscovered in recent publications by several groups. The predicted log-normal mass spectrum of PBHs very well agrees with the observations. Our other prediction of noticeable amount of antimatter in the Galaxy is also confirmed by the data.
Effects of a sedentary behaviour intervention in emergency dispatch centre phone operators: a study protocol for the SECODIS randomised controlled cross-over trial
Authors: Clinchamps Maëlys , Bouillon-Minois Jean-Baptiste , Trousselard Marion , Schmidt Jeannot , Pic Daniel , Taillandier Thierry , Mermillod Martial , Pereira Bruno , Dutheil Frédéric 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionSedentary behaviour is a public health problem. We mainly have sedentary behaviour at work, transforming them into occupational risk. To our knowledge, there is no intervention study on the reduction of occupational sedentary behaviour in a real work situation and its impact on health and biomarkers of stress. The main objective is to study changes in sedentary behaviour following a behavioural intervention (sit-and-stand desk and cycle ergometer).Methods and analysisThis is a randomised controlled trial in cross-over design conducted in a single centre. The study will be proposed to emergency medical dispatchers of Clermont-Ferrand. Each volunteer will be followed during three cycles of 1 week (3 weeks in total). Each 1-week cycle is made up of 12 hours of work (three conditions: a control and two interventions), 12 hours of successive rest and 6 days of follow-up. For each condition, the measurements will be identical: questionnaire, measure of heart rate variability, electrodermal activity and level of physical activity, saliva and blood sampling. The primary outcome is sedentary behaviour at work (ie, number of minutes per day standing/active). Data will be analysed with both intention-to-treat and per protocol analysis. A p<0.05 will be considered as indicating statistical significance.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee Ouest IV, FRANCE. The study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. All patients will be informed about the details of the study and sign written informed consent before enrolment in the study. Results from this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. This study involves human participants and was approved by Comité de protection des personnes Ouest IVCPP reference: 23/132-2National number: 2022-A02730-43.Trial registration numberNCT05931406.