bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating novel gas turbine conditions for materials assessment: Cascade design and operation
Authors: Sumner J. , Simms N. J. , Stamm W. , Oakey J. E. 
Published: April 2017

Integrated gasification combined cycles can incorporate pre-combustion carbon capture. High-H2 syngas produces high H2O levels after combustion, potentially accelerating gas turbine component damage. Determining materials systems’ suitability for this novel environment requires exposures in representative environments. Thus, an existing 0.7 MW burner rig was modified to generate the combustion environment and incorporate a cascade of 15 air-cooled turbine blades. Computational fluid dynamic calculations using blade dimensions and flow requirements supported the cascade design and determined blade placement within the gas flow. Trials of the modified unit have shown that a simulated combusted H2-rich syngas composition was generated at gas temperatures ≤1440°C. A 1000 h exposure has been carried out with thermal barrier coated blades to demonstrate the operation of the unit. This paper is part of a thematic issue on the 9th International Charles Parsons Turbine and Generator Conference. All papers have been revised and extended before publication in Materials Science and Technology. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Tensile behaviour of superelastic NiTi alloys charged with hydrogen under applied strain
Authors: Elkhal Letaief Wissem , Hassine Tarek , Gamaoun Fehmi 
Published: April 2017

The tensile behaviour of NiTi alloys is investigated after hydrogen charging during the austenite, half-transformation and martensite phases. The specimens are charged with different current densities and charging durations. During the tensile tests, the strain of the plateau transformation decreases due to hydrogen-induced residual martensite variants. This decrease becomes important when the charging happens during the martensite phase. Accordingly, the hydrogen ensures the stability of the phase in which the charging process occurs. Moreover, a heightening of transformation stress is noticed during the plateau. The transformation stress increases when the current density grows and the charging duration rises. This occurrence is caused by the interaction between the hydrogen and NiTi structures, where hydrogen delays the NiTi martensite transformation. This paper is part of a thematic issue on Hydrogen in Metallic Alloys
Normobaric hypoxia increases the growth hormone response to maximal resistance exercise in trained men
Authors: Filopoulos Dean , Cormack Stuart J. , Whyte Douglas G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study examined the effect of hypoxia on growth hormone (GH) release during an acute bout of high‐intensity, low‐volume resistance exercise. Using a single‐blinded, randomised crossover design, 16 resistance‐trained males completed two resistance exercise sessions in normobaric hypoxia (HYP; inspiratory oxygen fraction, (FiO2) 0.12, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) 82 ± 2%) and normoxia (NOR; FiO2 0.21, SpO2 98 ± 0%). Each session consisted of five sets of three repetitions of 45° leg press and bench press at 85% of one repetition maximum. Heart rate, SpO2, and electromyographic activity (EMG) of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured throughout the protocol. Serum lactate and GH levels were determined pre‐exposure, and at 5, 15, 30 and 60 min post‐exercise. Differences in mean and integrated EMG between HYP and NOR treatments were unclear. However, there was an important increase in the peak levels and area under the curve of both lactate (HYP 5.8 ± 1.8 v NOR 3.9 ± 1.1 mmol.L−1 and HYP 138.7 ± 33.1 v NOR 105.8 ± 20.8 min.mmol.L−1) and GH (HYP 4.4 ± 3.1 v NOR 2.1 ± 2.5 ng.mL−1 and HYP 117.7 ± 86.9 v NOR 72.9 ± 85.3 min.ng.mL−1) in response to HYP. These results suggest that performing high‐intensity resistance exercise in a hypoxic environment may provide a beneficial endocrine response without compromising the neuromuscular activation required for maximal strength development.
Research on the PA profession
Authors: Dehn Richard W. , Everett Christine M. , Hooker Roderick S. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Physician assistant (PA)-focused research arose in response to the idea that an assistant to the busy physician could improve healthcare delivery. The process of answering questions about the profession has involved multiple approaches and various scholarly disciplines. In the course of this undertaking, what emerged were three stages of examination of PA behavior. The bibliographic span from this period contains about 2,400 studies that advance some notion of PA benefit to society. On the 50th anniversary of the PA profession, a question arises as to what research has shown. The answer is that PAs are providing care at significant levels of quality and quantity and their presence is enriching many challenges in healthcare delivery. In an era where demand for medical services is outstripping supply, the good idea born in the 1960s is emerging as a medical innovation domestically and globally.
Promoting Learning and Patient Care Through Shared Reflection: A Conceptual Framework for Team Reflexivity in Health Care
Authors: Schmutz Jan B. , Eppich Walter J. 
Published: April 2017

Health care teams are groups of highly skilled experts who may often form inexpert teams because of a lack of collective competence. Because teamwork and collaboration form the foundation of effective clinical practice, factors that promote collective competence demand exploration. The authors review team reflexivity (TR), a concept from the psychology and management literatures, and how it could contribute to the collective competence of health care teams. TR captures a team’s ability to reflect collectively on group objectives, strategies, goals, processes, and outcomes of past, current, and future performance to process key information and adapt accordingly. As an overarching process that promotes team functioning, TR builds shared mental models as well as triggering team adaptation and learning.
The authors present a conceptual framework for TR in health care, describing three phases in which TR may occur: pre-action TR (briefing before patient care), in-action TR (deliberations during active patient care), and post-action TR (debriefing after patient care). Depending on the phase, TR targets either goals, taskwork, teamwork, or resources and leads to different outcomes (e.g., optimal preparation, a shared mental model, adaptation, or learning). This novel conceptual framework incorporates various constructs related to reflection and unites them under the umbrella of TR. Viewing reflection through a team lens may guide future research about team functioning, optimize training efforts, and elucidate mechanisms for workplace learning, with better patient care as the ultimate goal.
Learner, Patient, and Supervisor Features Are Associated With Different Types of Cognitive Load During Procedural Skills Training: Implications for Teaching and Instructional Design
Authors: Sewell Justin L. , Boscardin Christy K. , Young John Q. , ten Cate Olle , O’Sullivan Patricia S. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Cognitive load theory, focusing on limits of the working memory, is relevant to medical education; however, factors associated with cognitive load during procedural skills training are not well characterized. The authors sought to determine how features of learners, patients/tasks, settings, and supervisors were associated with three types of cognitive load among learners performing a specific procedure, colonoscopy, to identify implications for procedural teaching.

Method
Data were collected through an electronically administered survey sent to 1,061 U.S. gastroenterology fellows during the 2014–2015 academic year; 477 (45.0%) participated. Participants completed the survey immediately following a colonoscopy. Using multivariable linear regression analyses, the authors identified sets of features associated with intrinsic, extraneous, and germane loads.

Results
Features associated with intrinsic load included learners (prior experience and year in training negatively associated, fatigue positively associated) and patient/tasks (procedural complexity positively associated, better patient tolerance negatively associated). Features associated with extraneous load included learners (fatigue positively associated), setting (queue order positively associated), and supervisors (supervisor engagement and confidence negatively associated). Only one feature, supervisor engagement, was (positively) associated with germane load.

Conclusions
These data support practical recommendations for teaching procedural skills through the lens of cognitive load theory. To optimize intrinsic load, level of experience and competence of learners should be balanced with procedural complexity; part-task approaches and scaffolding may be beneficial. To reduce extraneous load, teachers should remain engaged, and factors within the procedural setting that may interfere with learning should be minimized. To optimize germane load, teachers should remain engaged.
Reconstitution of Human Keloids in Mouse Skin
Authors: Sunaga Ataru , Kamochi Hideaki , Sarukawa Shunji , Uda Hirokazu , Sugawara Yasushi , Asahi Rintaro , Chi Daekwan , Nakagawa Shiho , Kanayama Koji , Yoshimura Kotaro 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Keloids are a dermal fibroproliferative scar of unknown etiology. There is no good animal model for the study of keloids, which hinders the development and assessment of treatments for keloids.

Methods:
Human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts were isolated from 3 human skin tissues: normal skin, white scars, and keloids. A mixed-cell slurry containing keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts was poured into a double chamber implanted on the back of NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull mice. After 12 weeks, the recipient mice had developed reconstituted human skin tissues on their backs. These were harvested for histological studies.

Results:
Macroscopically, the reconstituted skins derived from both normal skin and white scars were similar to normal skin and white scars in humans, respectively. Keloid-derived reconstituted skins exhibited keloid-like hypertrophic nodules. Histological findings and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that the reconstituted skin tissues were of human origin and the keloid-derived reconstituted skin had the typical features of human keloids such as a hypertrophic dermal nodule, collagen type composition, orientation of collagen fibers, and versican expression.

Conclusion:
The mouse model with humanized keloid tissue presented here should be a useful tool for future keloid research.
Toxic Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Paley Grace L. , Lubniewski Anthony J. , Reidy James J. , Farooq Asim V. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract:
Toxic keratoconjunctivitis (TK) is an underrecognized complication of ophthalmic drug use and various environmental or occupational exposures. A detailed history and clinical examination are important to identify the offending agent(s). Common drug-related causes of TK include preservatives in ophthalmic medications, topical antimicrobials, and topical anesthetics. Alternatives to benzalkonium chloride as well as preservative-free formulations should be considered in patients requiring long-term topical medication. More advanced cases of TK may require preservative-free topical steroids and/or antibiotics, and occasionally surgical intervention. Early recognition and appropriate management of TK may help prevent permanent ocular and visual damage.
Orbicularis Retaining Ligament Release in Lower Blepharoplasty: Assessing Efficacy and Complications
Authors: Chan Norman J. , Nazemzadeh Maryam , Hartstein Morris E. , Holds John B. , Massry Guy G. , Wulc Allan E. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:
Release of the orbicularis retaining ligament (ORL) has been advocated as a technique to address tear trough deformities. This study sought to compare the effectiveness and morbidity of lower blepharoplasty with and without ORL release.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review of 53 lower blepharoplasty patients. Twenty-six patients had ORL release and 27 patients did not. Three independent masked experienced cosmetic surgeons reviewed preoperative and postoperative photographs to assess degree of swelling, ecchymosis, change in steatoblepharon and tear trough deformity, and overall aesthetic result.

Results:
There were no significant differences in overall aesthetic result, change in steatoblepharon or tear trough deformity, and postoperative ecchymosis in patients who had ORL release compared with those who did not. Patients who had ORL release had postoperative swelling and chemosis of significantly longer duration and a higher likelihood of developing postoperative ectropion.

Conclusions:
Orbicularis retaining ligament release does not appear to result in additional aesthetic benefit in lower blepharoplasty patients and may increase morbidity in the form of ectropion and prolonged swelling and chemosis.
Evaluation of a Pediatric Early Warning Score Across Different Subspecialty Patients*
Authors: Dean Nathan P. , Fenix J. B. , Spaeder Michael , Levin Amanda 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
To evaluate the ability of a Pediatric Early Warning Score to predict deterioration in different subspecialty patient populations.

Design:
Single center, retrospective cohort study. Patients were classified into five groups: 1) cardiac; 2) hematology/oncology/bone marrow transplant; 3) surgical; 4) neurologic; and 5) general medical. The relationship between the Pediatric Early Warning Score and unplanned ICU transfer requiring initiation of specific ICU therapies (intubation, high-flow nasal cannula, noninvasive ventilation, inotropes, or aggressive fluid hydration within 12 hr of transfer) was evaluated.

Setting:
Tertiary care, free-standing, academic children’s hospital.

Patients:
All hospitalized acute care patients admitted over a 6-month time period (September 2012 to March 2013).

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
During the study time period, 33,800 patient-days and 136 deteriorations were evaluated. Area under the curve ranged from 0.88 (surgical) to 0.94 (cardiac). Sensitivities for a Pediatric Early Warning Score greater than or equal to 3 ranged from 75% (surgical) to 94% (cardiology) and number needed to evaluate to find one deterioration was 11.5 (neurologic) to 43 patients (surgical). Sensitivities for a Pediatric Early Warning Score greater than or equal to 4 ranged from 54% (general medical) to 79% (hematology/oncology/bone marrow transplant) and number needed to evaluate of 5.5 (neurologic) to 12 patients (general medical). Sensitivities for a Pediatric Early Warning Score of greater than or equal to 5 ranged from 25% (surgical) to 58% (hematology/oncology/bone marrow transplant) and number needed to evaluate of 3.5 (cardiac, hematology/oncology/bone marrow transplant, neurologic) to eight patients (surgical).

Conclusions:
An elevated Pediatric Early Warning Score is associated with ICU transfer and receipt of ICU-specific interventions in patients across different pediatric subspecialty patient populations.
Environmental Enrichment Normalizes Hippocampal Timing Coding in a Malformed Hippocampus
Authors: Hernan Amanda E. , Mahoney J. Matthew , Curry Willie , Richard Greg , Lucas Marcella M. , Massey Andrew , Holmes Gregory L. , Scott Rod C. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTNeurodevelopmental insults such as malformations of cortical development (MCD) are a common cause of psychiatric disorders, learning impairments and epilepsy. Animals with MCDs have impairments in spatial cognition that, remarkably, are improved by post-weaning environmental enrichment (EE). To establish the network-level mechanisms responsible for these impacts, hippocampalin vivosingle unit recordings were performed in freely moving animals in an open arena. We took a generalized linear modeling approach to extract fine spike timing (FST) characteristics and related these to place cell fidelity used as a surrogate of spatial cognition. We find that MCDs disrupt FST and place-modulated rate coding in hippocampal CA1 and that EE restores both to normal. Moreover, FST parameterspredictspatial coherence of neurons, suggesting that mechanisms determining FST are critical for cognition. This suggests that FST parameters could represent a therapeutic target to improve cognition even in the context of a structurally abnormal brain.HIGHLIGHTSEnvironmental enrichment (EE) in rats with cortical malformations improves cognition.EE resolves impaired rate and timing coding of hippocampal pyramidal neurons.Taken together, circuit-level dynamics directly affect quality of the cognitive map.RESEARCH IN CONTEXTInsults during neurodevelopment, particularly those that result in physical malformations in the brain, lead to cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorders and epilepsy. Environmental enrichment (EE) improves cognitive outcome in patients and animal models with brain malformations. Understanding how EE can improve cognition at the level of neural networks can lead to new treatment targets. Remarkably, using an approach that mathematically models neuron firing we show that firing is mistimed in animals with malformations and that EE improves this abnormality. Importantly, timing abnormalities predict abnormalities in cognition at the single neuron level, suggesting that restoring timing could improve learning and memory deficits.
Independent pseudogenization ofCYP2J19in penguins, owls and kiwis implicates gene in red carotenoid synthesis
Authors: Emerling Christopher A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCarotenoids have important roles in bird behavior, including pigmentation for sexual signaling and improving color vision via retinal oil droplets. Yellow carotenoids are diet-derived, but red carotenoids (ketocarotenoids) are typically synthesized from yellow precursors via a carotenoid ketolase. Recent research on passerines has provided evidence that a cytochrome p450 enzyme, CYP2J19, is responsible for this reaction, though it is unclear if this function is phylogenetically restricted. Here I provide evidence that CYP2J19 is the carotenoid ketolase common to Aves using the genomes of 65 birds and the retinal transcriptomes of 15 avian taxa.CYP2J19is functionally intact and robustly transcribed in all taxa except for several species adapted to foraging in dim light conditions. Two penguins, an owl and a kiwi show evidence of genetic lesions and relaxed selection in their genomic copy ofCYP2J19, and six owls show evidence of marked reduction inCYP2J19retinal transcription compared to nine diurnal avian taxa. Notably, none of these taxa are known to use red carotenoids for sexual signaling and several species of owls and penguins represent the only birds known to completely lack red retinal oil droplets. The remaining avian taxa belong to groups known to possess red oil droplets, known or expected to deposit red carotenoids in skin and/or plumage, and/or frequently forage in bright light. The loss and reduced expression ofCYP2J19is likely an adaptation to maximize retinal sensitivity, given that oil droplets reduce the amount of light available to the retina.
Dengue virus hijacks a noncanonical oxidoreductase function of a cellular oligosaccharyltransferase complex
Authors: Lin David L. , Cherepanova Natalia A. , Bozzacco Leonia , Macdonald Margaret R. , Gilmore Reid , Tai Andrew W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDengue virus (DENV) is the most common arboviral infection globally, infecting an estimated 390 million people each year. We employed a genome-wide CRISPR screen to identify host dependency factors required for DENV propagation, and identified the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex as an essential host factor for DENV infection. Mammalian cells express two OSTs containing either STT3A or STT3B. We found that the canonical catalytic function of the OSTs as oligosaccharyltransferases is not necessary for DENV infection, as cells expressing catalytically inactive STT3A or STT3B are able to support DENV propagation. However, the OST subunit MAGT1, which associates with STT3B, is also required for DENV propagation. MAGT1 expression requires STT3B, and a catalytically inactive STT3B also rescues MAGT1 expression, supporting the hypothesis that STT3B serves to stabilize MAGT1 in the context of DENV infection. We found that the oxidoreductase CxxC active site motif of MAGT1 was necessary for DENV propagation as cells expressing an AxxA MAGT1 mutant were unable to support DENV infection.Interestingly, cells expressing single-cysteine CxxA or AxxC mutants of MAGT1 were able to support DENV propagation. Utilizing the engineered peroxidase APEX2, we demonstrate the close proximity between MAGT1 and NS1 or NS4B during DENV infection. These results reveal that the oxidoreductase activity of the STT3B-containing OST is necessary for DENV infection, which may guide the development of antivirals targeting DENV.
A vision-based character inspection system for tire mold
Authors: Cai Nian , Chen Yuchao , Liu Gen , Cen Guandong , Wang Han , Chen Xindu 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to design an automatic inspection system for the characters on tire molds, which involves a vision-based inspection method for the characters on tire molds.

Design/methodology/approach
An automatic inspection equipment is designed according to the features of the tire mold. To implement the inspection task, the corresponding image processing methods are designed, including image preprocessing, image mosaic, image locating and character inspection. Image preprocessing mainly contains fitting the contours of the acquired tire mold images and those of the computer aided design (CAD) as the arcs of two circles and polar transformation of the acquired images and the CAD. Then, the authors propose a novel framework to locate the acquired images into the corresponding mosaicked tire mold image. Finally, a character inspection scheme is proposed by combining an support-vector-machine-based character recognition method and a string matching approach. At the stages of image locating and character inspection, image mosaic is simultaneously used to label the defects in the mosaicked tire mold image, which is based on histograms-of-gradients features.

Findings
The experimental results indicate that the designed automatic inspection system can inspect the characters on the tire mold with a high accuracy at a reasonable time consumption.

Practical implications
The designed automatic inspection system can detect the carving faults for the characters on the tire molds, which are the cases that the characters are wrongly added, deleted or modified on the tire mold.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first automatic vision-based inspection system for the characters on tire molds. An inspection equipment is designed and many novel image processing methods are proposed to implement the inspection task. The designed system can be widely applied in the industry.