bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation, Modeling, and Dynamically Based Parameterization of Organized Tropical Convection for Global Climate Models
Authors: Moncrieff Mitchell W. , Liu Changhai , Bogenschutz Peter 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A new approach for treating organized convection in global climate models (GCMs) referred to as multiscale coherent structure parameterization (MCSP) introduces physical and dynamical effects of organized convection that are missing from contemporary parameterizations. The effects of vertical shear are approximated by a nonlinear slantwise overturning model based on Lagrangian conservation principles. Simulation of the April 2009 Madden–Julian oscillation event during the Year of Tropical Convection (YOTC) over the Indian Ocean using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model at 1.3-km grid spacing identifies self-similar properties for squall lines, MCSs, and superclusters embedded in equatorial waves. The slantwise overturning model approximates this observed self-similarity. The large-scale effects of MCSP are examined in two categories of GCM. First, large-scale convective systems simulated in an aquaplanet model are approximated by slantwise overturning with attention to convective momentum transport. Second, MCSP is utilized in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5.5 (CAM5.5), as tendency equations for second-baroclinic heating and convective momentum transport. The difference between MCSP and CAM5.5 is a direct measure of the global effects of organized convection. Consistent with TRMM measurements, the MCSP generates large-scale precipitation patterns in the tropical warm pool and the adjoining locale; improves precipitation in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ), and Maritime Continent regions; and affects tropical wave modes. In conclusion, the treatment of organized convection by MCSP is salient for the next generation of GCMs.
Lateral Eddy Mixing in the Subtropical Salinity Maxima of the Global Ocean
Authors: Busecke Julius , Abernathey Ryan P. , Gordon Arnold L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA suite of observationally driven model experiments is used to investigate the contribution of near-surface lateral eddy mixing to the subtropical surface salinity maxima in the global ocean. Surface fields of salinity are treated as a passive tracer and stirred by surface velocities derived from altimetry, leading to irreversible water-mass transformation. In the absence of surface forcing and vertical processes, the transformation rate can be directly related to the integrated diffusion across tracer contours, which is determined by the observed velocities. The destruction rates of the salinity maxima by lateral mixing can be compared to the production rates by surface forcing, which act to strengthen the maxima. The ratio of destruction by eddy mixing in the surface layer versus the surface forcing exhibits regional differences in the mean—from 10% in the South Pacific to up to 25% in the south Indian. Furthermore, the regional basins show seasonal and interannual variability in eddy mixing. The dominant mechanism for this temporal variability varies regionally. Most notably, the North Pacific shows a large sensitivity to the background salinity fields and a weak sensitivity to the velocity fields, while the North Atlantic exhibits the opposite behavior. The different mechanism for temporal variability could have impacts on the manifestation of a changing hydrological cycle in the sea surface salinity (SSS) field specifically in the North Pacific. The authors find evidence for large-scale interannual changes of eddy diffusivity and transformation rate in several ocean basins that could be related to large-scale climate forcing.
Pediatric Thyroidectomy: Hospital Course and Perioperative Complications
Authors: Hanba Curtis , Svider Peter F. , Siegel Bianca , Sheyn Anthony , Shkoukani Mahdi , Lin Ho‐Sheng , Raza S. Naweed 
Published: February 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate hospital course and associated complications among pediatric patients undergoing thyroidectomy.Study Design and SettingRetrospective database review of the Kids’ Inpatient Database (2009, 2012).MethodsThe Kids’ Inpatient Database was evaluated for thyroidectomy patients for the years 2009 and 2012. Surgical procedure, patient demographics, length of stay, hospital charges (in US dollars), and surgical complications were evaluated.ResultsOf an estimated 1099 nationwide partial thyroidectomies and 1654 total thyroidectomies, females accounted for 73.5% and 79.1% of patients, respectively. Children <1 year of age had significantly longer hospital courses (P <. 0001), and patients 1 to 5 years of age had a significantly greater length of stay than individuals 6 to 20 years of age (7.8 vs 2.1 days, P <. 001). The most common complications overall included hypocalcemia, respiratory complications, vocal cord paresis/paralysis, postoperative infection, and bleeding. Vocal cord paralysis was noted in 1.7% of pediatric thyroidectomy patients. The presence of these complications among total thyroidectomy patients significantly increased one’s length of stay and hospital charges. A neck dissection was reported in 22.9% of malignant thyroidectomy patients.ConclusionNearly 20% of children who underwent total thyroidectomy experienced postoperative hypocalcemia, positing a need for the development of postoperative calcium replacement algorithms to minimize the sequelae of hypocalcemia. A greater incidence of respiratory and infectious complications among younger patients (<6 years) suggests a need for closer monitoring, possibly encompassing routine postoperative intensive care unit utilization, in an attempt to minimize these sequelae.
Software Design to Calculate of Vibration for a More Effective Assessment of the Safety of the Working Environment
Authors: Čekan Pavol , Balog Karol , Harangozó Jozef , Rusko Miroslav 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A lot of software that is developed simultaneously with the development of new measuring devices are very difficult to control. The results obtained from the software for measuring the vibration must be adjusted for the respective weighting factors which is very complicated and time consuming. This paper deals with design of software to calculate human exposure to vibration in the working and living environment. Presented software developed at the Institute of Integrated Safety, which counts with all the weighting factors. It allows quick results without after treatment weighting factors. Presented software includes all known methods for calculating the vibration acceleration. It’s based on knowledge of the protection of man and his health against the negative effects of vibration. The measured data are evaluated according to the current legislation of the European Union. Simple layout software doesn’t have a good first impression, but it’s control is very swift and practical. Every reader needs to read about it below.
The Reaction to Fire Test for Fire Retardant and for Combustible Material
Authors: Fanfarová Adelaida , Mariš Ladislav 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Currently the natural materials become popular building material for houses, buildings and recreational property. The risk of fires in residential timber construction or eco houses cannot be completely ruled out, therefore there is a need for proper and correct implementing preventive measures and application of all available solutions, which may reduce the risk of fire as far as possible, to slow down the combustion process, to protect the life of people, animals and also the building itself until arrival members of the Fire and Rescue Services. Fireproofing of combustible materials is a specific area of fire protection. For scientific research as well as for real-life practice, not only their structural and physical properties, but also fire-technical characteristics are really important. The present researchers mostly focus on fire-retardant treatment of wood that is why the authors of this contribution focused on a different combustible material. This research article presents the experimental testing and examination of the reaction to fire test of the selected thermal insulation of hemp fiber that was impregnated by the selected fire retardant in laboratory conditions.
Enhanced Proactive Planning Approach: A Crucial to an Improved Workers’ Safety in Western Nigeria Small Scale Industry
Authors: Adeyemi H.O. , Akinyemi O.O. , Musa A.I. , Olorunfemi B.J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This study evaluated managements’ proactive planning approach (PPA) to enhance safety among workers in South-western Nigeria small scale industry (SSI). The main objective was to rate the managements’ efforts at eliminating risk among their employees. By worker participatory and psychological survey approach, three tools were used; workplace observation (visual), management safety culture (questionnaire) and managers interviews (oral). The survey included 200 workers, 120 supervisors and 80 managers, in 82 SSI. Four steps to a safety proactive action plans (PAP), (looking for clues, prioritization of identified potential hazard, making improvements to eliminate the risk and follow up), were rated by employees on a scale from 0 to 5. Paired t-test was used to appraise the significant difference between the managers’ mean scores rated by the supervisors and other workers. 77.1% of workers and 64.2% supervisors rated their managers as either “not done at all” or “poorly done”. Workers’ scores for managers PPA had statistically significantly lower ratings (mean = 1.09, SEM = 0.22) compared to that of the supervisors rating (mean = 1.55, SEM = 0.32), with t (14) = −1.185, p = 0.784. There is a closed poor performance perception gaps, of managers’ PPA, of the two groups of employees. It can be concluded that safety is not emphasized, by managers of SSI, as overriding priority and this may have contributed to high reported injuries among their workforce. Courses to enhance managements’ understanding for inclusion of safety among the leading priorities becomes necessary. This will reduce work-related risks and promotes occupational safety and health among the group of workers.
PENGARUH KONFLIK PERAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIR TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA (STUDI PEGAWAI DIVISI KONSTRUKSI IV di PT. ADHI KARYA (Persero) Tbk. SURABAYA
Authors: Widiasari Budiono Diana Putri 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study to examine and test the effect of Role conflict and career development on job satisfication of employees at PT. ADHI KARYA (Persero) Tbk. Construction Division IV Surabaya. The approach used in this study is quantitative, where the population is 41 employees and the sampling technique used was saturated samples with te total of 41 employess. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS softwareversion 20.The results of the study simultaneously show that role Conflict and career development affect job satisfication.The magnitude of the influence caused by two independent variables are 46,6 %, while the remaining 53,4 % is influenced by variables outside the research variables. The, the study partially indicates that role conflict has Significantly negative influence on job satisfication, while the Career development has significantly positive influence on job satisfaction.
Development of Turbulent Magnetic Reconnection in a Magnetic Island
Authors: Huang Can , Lu Quanming , Wang Rongsheng , Guo Fan , Wu Mingyu , Lu San , Wang Shui 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this paper, with two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we report that the electron Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is unstable in the current layer associated with a large-scale magnetic island, which is formed in multiple X-line guide field reconnections. The current sheet is fragmented into many small current sheets with widths down to the order of the electron inertial length. Secondary magnetic reconnection then occurs in these fragmented current sheets, which leads to a turbulent state. The electrons are highly energized in such a process.
Rate Constants for Fine-structure Excitations in O–H Collisions with Error Bars Obtained by Machine Learning
Authors: Vieira Daniel , Krems Roman V. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present an approach using a combination of coupled channel scattering calculations with a machine-learning technique based on Gaussian Process regression to determine the sensitivity of the rate constants for non-adiabatic transitions in inelastic atomic collisions to variations of the underlying adiabatic interaction potentials. Using this approach, we improve the previous computations of the rate constants for the fine-structure transitions in collisions of O(

) with atomic H. We compute the error bars of the rate constants corresponding to 20% variations of the ab initio potentials and show that this method can be used to determine which of the individual adiabatic potentials are more or less important for the outcome of different fine-structure changing collisions.
Revisiting Quasi-periodic Modulation in γ-Ray Blazar PKS 2155-304 with Fermi Pass 8 Data
Authors: Zhang Peng-fei , Yan Da-hai , Liao Neng-hui , Wang Jian-cheng 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We examine the gamma-ray quasi-periodic variability of PKS 2155-304 with the latest publicly available Fermi-LAT Pass 8 data, which covers the years from 2008 August to 2016 October. We produce the light curves in two ways: the exposure-weighted aperture photometry and the maximum likelihood optimization. The light curves are then analyzed by using Lomb-Scargle Periodogram (LSP) and Weighted Wavelet Z-transform, and the results reveal a significant quasi-periodicity with a period of 1.74 ± 0.13 years and a significance of ∼4.9σ. The constraint of multifrequencies quasi-periodic variabilities on blazar emission model is discussed.
The Role of Diffusion in the Transport of Energetic Electrons during Solar Flares
Authors: Bian Nicolas H. , Emslie A. Gordon , Kontar Eduard P. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The transport of the energy contained in suprathermal electrons in solar flares plays a key role in our understanding of many aspects of flare physics, from the spatial distributions of hard X-ray emission and energy deposition in the ambient atmosphere to global energetics. Historically the transport of these particles has been largely treated through a deterministic approach, in which first-order secular energy loss to electrons in the ambient target is treated as the dominant effect, with second-order diffusive terms (in both energy and angle) generally being either treated as a small correction or even neglected. Here, we critically analyze this approach, and we show that spatial diffusion through pitch-angle scattering necessarily plays a very significant role in the transport of electrons. We further show that a satisfactory treatment of the diffusion process requires consideration of non-local effects, so that the electron flux depends not just on the local gradient of the electron distribution function but on the value of this gradient within an extended region encompassing a significant fraction of a mean free path. Our analysis applies generally to pitch-angle scattering by a variety of mechanisms, from Coulomb collisions to turbulent scattering. We further show that the spatial transport of electrons along the magnetic field of a flaring loop can be modeled rather effectively as a Continuous Time Random Walk with velocity-dependent probability distribution functions of jump sizes and occurrences, both of which can be expressed in terms of the scattering mean free path.
Search for GeV and X-Ray Flares Associated with the IceCube Track-like Neutrinos
Authors: Peng Fang-Kun , Wang Xiang-Yu 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Dozens of high-energy neutrinos have been detected by the IceCube neutrino telescope, but no clear association with any classes of astrophysical sources has been identified so far. Recently, Kadler et al. reported that a PeV cascade-like neutrino event occurred in positional and temporal coincidence with a giant gamma-ray flare of the blazar PKS B1424-418. Since IceCube track-like events have much better angular resolution, we here search for possible short-term gamma-ray flares that are associated with the IceCube track-like events with Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations. Among them, three track-like neutrino events occur within the field of view of Fermi-LAT at the time of the detection, so searching for the prompt gamma-ray emission associated with neutrinos is possible. Assuming a point source origin and a single power-law spectrum for the possible gamma-ray sources associated with neutrinos, a likelihood analysis of 0.2–100 GeV photons observed by Fermi-LAT on the timescales of ∼12 hr and one year are performed, and for the three special neutrinos, the analyses are also performed on the timescales of thousands of seconds before and after the neutrino detection. No significant GeV excesses over the background are found and upper limit fluxes at the 95% confidence level are obtained for different timescales. We also search for possible the Swift hard X-ray transient sources associated with the IceCube track-like neutrino events, but the search also yields null results. We discuss the implication of the non-detection of gamma-ray flares for the constraints on the neutrino source density.
Intensity Mapping of Hα, Hβ,
, and
Lines at z < 5
Authors: Gong Yan , Cooray Asantha , Silva Marta B. , Zemcov Michael , Feng Chang , Santos Mario G. , Dore Olivier , Chen Xuelei 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Intensity mapping is becoming a useful tool to study the large-scale structure of the universe through spatial variations in the integrated emission from galaxies and the intergalactic medium. We study intensity mapping of the

, [O iii] 5007 Å, [O ii] 3727 Å, and

lines at

. The mean intensities of these four emission lines are estimated using the observed luminosity functions (LFs), cosmological simulations, and the star formation rate density (SFRD) derived from observations at

. We calculate the intensity power spectra and consider the foreground contamination of other lines at lower redshifts. We use the proposed NASA small explorer SPHEREx (the Spectro-Photometer for the History of the universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer) as a case study for the detectability of the intensity power spectra of the four emission lines. We also investigate the cross-correlation with the 21 cm line probed by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME), Tianlai experiment and the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) at

. We find both the auto and cross power spectra can be well measured for the Hα, [O iii] and [O ii] lines at

, while it is more challenging for the Hβ line. Finally, we estimate the constraint on the SFRD from intensity mapping, and find we can reach an accuracy higher than 7% at

, which is better than with the usual method of measurements using the LFs of galaxies.
A Deep Test of Radial Differential Rotation in a Helium-atmosphere White Dwarf.I. Discovery of Pulsations in PG 0112+104
Authors: Hermes J. J. , Kawaler Steven D. , Bischoff-Kim A. , Provencal J. L. , Dunlap B. H. , Clemens J. C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present the detection of non-radial oscillations in a hot, helium-atmosphere white dwarf using 78.7 days of nearly uninterrupted photometry from the Kepler space telescope. With an effective temperature >30,000 K, PG 0112+104 becomes the hottest helium-atmosphere white dwarf known to pulsate. The rich oscillation spectrum of low-order g-modes includes clear patterns of rotational splittings from consecutive sequences of dipole and quadrupole modes, which can be used to probe the rotation rate with depth in this highly evolved stellar remnant. We also measure a surface rotation rate of 10.17404 hr from an apparent spot modulation in the K2 data. With two independent measures of rotation, PG 0112+104 provides a remarkable test of asteroseismic inference.
Physical Properties of Molecular Clouds at 2 pc Resolution in the Low-metallicity Dwarf Galaxy NGC 6822 and the Milky Way
Authors: Schruba Andreas , Leroy Adam K. , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Bigiel Frank , Bolatto Alberto D. , Blok W. J. G. de , Tacconi Linda , Dishoeck Ewine F. van , Walter Fabian 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array survey of CO(2–1) emission from the 1/5 solar metallicity, Local Group dwarf galaxy NGC 6822. We achieve high (

pc) spatial resolution while covering a large area: four 250 pc × 250 pc regions that encompass

of NGC 6822's star formation. In these regions, we resolve

compact CO clumps that have small radii (∼2–3 pc), narrow line width (

km s−1), and low filling factor across the galaxy. This is consistent with other recent studies of low-metallicity galaxies, but here shown with a

larger sample. At parsec scales, CO emission correlates with

emission better than with

emission and anticorrelates with Hα, so that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission may be an effective tracer of molecular gas at low metallicity. The properties of the CO clumps resemble those of similar-size structures in Galactic clouds except of slightly lower surface brightness and with CO-to-H2 ratio ∼1–2× the Galactic value. The clumps exist inside larger atomic–molecular complexes with masses typical for giant molecular clouds. Using dust to trace H2 for the entire complex, we find the CO-to-H2 ratio to be

the Galactic value, but with strong dependence on spatial scale and variations between complexes that may track their evolutionary state. The H2-to-H i ratio is low globally and only mildly above unity within the complexes. The ratio of star formation rate to H2 is

higher in the complexes than in massive disk galaxies, but after accounting for the bias from targeting star-forming regions, we conclude that the global molecular gas depletion time may be as long as in massive disk galaxies.
A Method to Measure the Unbiased Decorrelation Timescale of the AGN Variable Signal from Structure Functions
Authors: Kozłowski Szymon 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A simple, model-independent method to quantify the stochastic variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is the structure function (SF) analysis. If the SF for the timescales shorter than the decorrelation timescale τ is a single power law and for the longer ones becomes flat (i.e., white noise), then the auto-correlation function (ACF) of the signal can have the form of the power exponential (PE). We show that the signal decorrelation timescale can be measured directly from the SF as the timescale matching the amplitude 0.795 of the flat SF part (at long timescales), and only then is the measurement independent of the ACF PE power. Typically, the timescale has been measured at an arbitrarily fixed SF amplitude, but as we prove, this approach provides biased results, because the AGN SF/power spectral density slopes, and thus the ACF shape, are not constant and depend on either the AGN luminosity and/or the black hole mass. In particular, we show that using such a method for the simulated SFs that includes a combination of empirically known dependencies between the AGN luminosity L and both the SF amplitude and the PE power, and having no intrinsic τ–L dependence, produces a fake

relation with

, which otherwise is expected from theoretical works (

). Our method provides an alternative means for analyzing AGN variability to the standard SF fitting. The caveats, for both methods, are that the light curves must be sufficiently long (with a several year rest frame) and the ensemble SF assumes AGNs to have the same underlying variability process.