bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medium-term Anatomical Results of Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty: An Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: Hooshmand Joobin , Leong James CY , O'Connor Jeremy , Ang Ghee S , Wells Anthony P 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) the medium-term (mean duration 3.2 years) anatomical changes in the anterior chamber angle (ACA) after laser peripheral iridoplasty.Materials and methodsThis is a longitudinal, retrospective case series of 31 eyes of 31 patients with primary angle-closure suspicion, primary angle closure (PAC), or primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) who underwent laser peripheral iridoplasty. All patients had persistent iridotrabecular contact (ITC) despite the presence of a patent peripheral iridotomy (PI). An AS-OCT was performed in dark conditions before and after laser iridoplasty. Quadrants of ITC, intraocular pressure (IOP), and the AS-OCT parameters of the temporal and nasal ACAs were measured and analyzed.ResultsPrior to iridoplasty, the average number of quadrants of ITC was 3.3. At the first postiridoplasty visit (mean duration 6.8 weeks), this reduced to 1.7 quadrants but increased to 1.9 by the final follow-up visit (mean duration 3.2 years). Twenty-five patients (80.1%) had less ITC at the first postlaser visit increasing to 27 (87.1%) patients by the final visit. Two (6.5%) required a second iridoplasty, while 3 (9.7%) required cataract surgery. All parameters of angle width showed a statistically significant increase in magnitude. All patients maintained IOP ≤ 21 mm Hg throughout the follow-up period.ConclusionIridoplasty is a useful adjunct in widening the ACA, particularly in those with persistent angle closure after iridotomy but with no cataract. While not successful in all patients, it can act as a temporizing measure to widen the drainage angle until such time that cataract surgery can be performed.Clinical significanceLaser peripheral iridoplasty can be used as an adjunct in angle-closure glaucoma patients with no cataract.How to cite this articleHooshmand J, Leong JCY, O'Connor J, Ang GS, Wells AP. Medium-term Anatomical Results of Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty: An Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Study. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(3):113-119.
Rapid Alcoholysis of Jatropha Curcas Oil for Biodiesel Production Using Ultrasound Irradiation
Authors: Irwan Muh. , Saidi Hamdani , Rachman M. A. , Ramli Ramli , Marlinda Marlinda 
Published: October 2017

The biodiesel synthesis through alcoholysis process of triglyceride from Jatropha curcas using different type of alcohol, such as: methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and tert-butanol, was conducted in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst under 35 kHz frequency ultrasound irradiation. The optimum conditions, such as: alcohol to jatropha oil molar ratio, concentration of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time, were found to be 7:1 of alcohol to jatropha oil molar ratio, 0.5 % of KOH, temperature of reaction at 35 0C, within the reaction times of 15 minutes. The results obtained for the different types of alcohol were 62.77 %, 57.93 %, 51.64 %, and 46.77 % for methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and tert-butanol, respectively.
Shear Resistance Variations in Experimentally Sheared Mudstone Granules: A Possible Shear‐Thinning and Thixotropic Mechanism
Authors: Hu Wei , Xu Qiang , Wang Gonghui , Scaringi Gianvito , Mcsaveney Mauri , Hicher Pierre‐Yves 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe present results of ring shear frictional resistance for mudstone granules of different size obtained from a landslide shear zone. Little rate dependency of shear resistance was observed in sand‐sized granules in any wet or dry test, while saturated gravel‐sized granules exhibited significant and abrupt reversible rate‐weakening (from μ = 0.6 to 0.05) at about 2 mm/s. Repeating resistance variations occurred also under constant shear displacement rate. Mudstone granules generate mud as they are crushed and softened. Shear‐thinning and thixotropic behavior of the mud can explain the observed behavior: with the viscosity decreasing, the mud can flow through the coarser soil pores and migrate out from the shear zone. This brings new granules into contact which produces new mud. Thus, the process can start over. Similarities between experimental shear zones and those of some landslides in mudstone suggest that the observed behavior may play a role in some landslide kinematics.
A Low Viscosity Lunar Magma Ocean Forms a Stratified Anorthitic Flotation Crust With Mafic Poor and Rich Units
Authors: Dygert Nick , Lin Jung‐Fu , Marshall Edward W. , Kono Yoshio , Gardner James E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMuch of the lunar crust is monomineralic, comprising >98% plagioclase. The prevailing model argues the crust accumulated as plagioclase floated to the surface of a solidifying lunar magma ocean (LMO). Whether >98% pure anorthosites can form in a flotation scenario is debated. An important determinant of the efficiency of plagioclase fractionation is the viscosity of the LMO liquid, which was unconstrained. Here we present results from new experiments conducted on a late LMO‐relevant ferrobasaltic melt. The liquid has an exceptionally low viscosity of
to
Pa s at experimental conditions (1,300–1,600°C; 0.1–4.4 GPa) and can be modeled by an Arrhenius relation. Extrapolating to LMO‐relevant temperatures, our analysis suggests a low viscosity LMO would form a stratified flotation crust, with the oldest units containing a mafic component and with very pure younger units. Old, impure crust may have been buried by lower crustal diapirs of pure anorthosite in a serial magmatism scenario.
Linkage, Genetic
Authors: Thompson Elizabeth 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNuclear DNA is copied from parents to offspring in the process of meiosis. The chromosomes of an offspring gamete consist of large segments copied from each of the two corresponding chromosomes in a parent. This association in inheritance of DNA at locations within a large chromosomal region is the phenomenon ofGenetic Linkage, which is the basis for determining the location of DNA underlying observed traits of interest in diploid organisms from insects to humans. Variants in the DNA define genetic markers that provide a framework genetic map against which DNA underlying traits of interest can be detected and localized. The effects of genetic linkage can be detected at all scales. Traditionally, when genetic markers were few and sparse, data on close relatives were used. Associations at the population level also result from descent, and the wealth of modern genetic markers has given rise to methods using these in genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Recently, there has been increasing interest in analyses at an intermediate scale, using inferred segments of descent in populations in the absence of a specified pedigree structure.
Bayesian Methods for Categorical Data
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Peña Eduardo , Mendoza Manuel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBayesian methods for the analysis of categorical data use the same classes of models as the classical approach. However, Bayesian analyses can be more informative and may provide more natural solutions in certain situations such as those involving sparse or missing data or unidentifiable parameters. In this article, we review some of the most common Bayesian methods for categorical data. We focus on the analysis of contingency tables, but several other useful models are also discussed. For ease of exposition, we describe most of the ideas in terms of two‐way contingency tables.
Well‐Discriminated Forecasts
Authors: Gross Shulamith T. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

The predictive ability of statistical risk models is generally judged on two concepts: calibration and discrimination. Calibration refers to the sharpness of prediction afforded by the model: how close do model predictions come to the outcomes that follow. Discrimination refers to the ability of a predictive model to differentiate between highly likely and highly unlikely events. While calibration was defined, and studied by climate scientists, discrimination, although identified as desirable by weather scientists, was not seriously studied until biostatisticians recognized its importance in their study of disease risk prediction. A companion article appearing in these pages, “Well‐calibrated forecasts” reviewed developments in model calibration. The discussion there was based on regularly repeated forecasts, such as those made daily in weather prediction or financial forecasting. In this article, we will concentrate on model discrimination in medical biostatistics where predictive models are developed, calibrated, and then adopted as a tool for later predictions. The uncontested best‐known index of discrimination is the area under the ROC curve (AUC) based on the predicted risks of pairs of cases and controls. Much of the discussion will revolve around novel indices of discrimination introduced by Pencina
et al
. in cross‐sectional studies. Added discrimination afforded by a new biomarker in matched‐pairs designs will be discussed. We will also touch on the related subject of model assessment for treatment selection, a far less developed topic. While discrimination does not call for utility assignments, treatment selection does, and the indices used in the two areas reflect that difference. Most predictive models may be selected following methods developed to optimize discrimination among treated or untreated subjects. But that leaves that decision of who to treat unanswered. Our discussion will be based primarily on Janes
et al
.

We introduce the major indices proposed for comparing the predictive ability of competing risk‐predicting models and report on theoretical and simulation results regarding these indices, pointing to some serious disagreements among leading experts in this area. We also discuss remaining open questions and much needed theoretical results associated with these indices that are likely to resolve some existing disagreements. We emphasize the need for model calibration before the use of several of these model discrimination indices.
Smart Antibacterial Surfaces Established by One‐Step Photo‐Crosslinking
Authors: Dong Yishi , Wang Peixi , Wei Ting , Zhou Tao , Huangfu Mengge , Wu Zhaoqiang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChemical modification of surfaces is recognized as efficient strategies to prevent bacterial contamination and the associated infection. Herein, a novel ionic liquid derivative 1‐(((4‐benzoylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)‐3‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium bromide (BMI) containing benzophenone moieties is developed to act as both a photoreactive cross‐linker and an antibacterial agent. BMI can rapidly and efficiently form a “smart” antibacterial film on a variety of substrate surfaces in 2 min under mild UV irradiation. The modified surfaces show highly antibacterial activity, achieving more than 99% bacterial killing efficiency against Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‐negative Escherichia coli using live/dead staining methods. In addition, the BMI‐modified surfaces can release ≈97% of the killed bacteria via ion‐exchange of hexametaphosphate (PP6−) anions and can regenerate bactericidal properties over three cycles. Moreover, in vitro cytocompatibility tests indicate that the BMI‐modified surfaces have good biocompatibility. Thus, it can be concluded that cross‐linked BMI layers provide a practical and convenient approach for the fabrication of “smart” antibacterial surfaces.
Ring‐Size‐Modulated Reactivity of Putative Dicobalt‐Bridging Nitrides: C−H Activation versus Phosphinimide Formation
Authors: Cui Peng , Wang Qiuran , McCollom Samuel P. , Manor Brian C. , Carroll Patrick J. , Tomson Neil C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDicobalt complexes supported by flexible macrocyclic ligands were used to target the generation of the bridging nitrido species [(nPDI2)Co2(μ‐N)(PMe3)2]3+ (PDI=2,6‐pyridyldiimine; n=2, 3, corresponding to the number of catenated methylene units between imino nitrogen atoms). Depending on the size of the macrocycle and the reaction conditions (solution versus solid‐state), the thermolysis of azide precursors yielded bridging phosphinimido [(2PDI2)Co2(μ‐NPMe3)(PMe3)2]3+, amido [(nPDI2)Co2(μ‐NH2)(PMe3)2]3+ (n=2, 3), and C−H amination [(3PDI2*‐μ‐NH)Co2(PMe3)2]3+ products. All results are consistent with the initial formation of [(nPDI2)Co2(μ‐N)(PMe3)2]3+, followed by 1) PMe3 attack on the nitride, 2) net hydrogen‐atom transfer to form N−H bonds, or 3) C−H amination of the alkyl linker of the nPDI2 ligand.
A Versatile Route to Unstable Diazo Compounds via Oxadiazolines and their Use in Aryl–Alkyl Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Greb Andreas , Poh Jian‐Siang , Greed Stephanie , Battilocchio Claudio , Pasau Patrick , Blakemore David C. , Ley Steven V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCoupling of readily available boronic acids and diazo compounds has emerged recently as a powerful metal‐free carbon–carbon bond forming method. However, the difficulty in forming the unstable diazo compound partner in a mild fashion has hitherto limited their general use and the scope of the transformation. Here, we report the application of oxadiazolines as precursors for the generation of an unstable family of diazo compounds using flow UV photolysis and their first use in divergent protodeboronative and oxidative C(sp2)−C(sp3) cross‐coupling processes, with excellent functional‐group tolerance.
Synthesis of a deoxybenzoin derivative and its use as a flame retardant in poly(trimethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Hu Xilong , Wang Yan , Yu Junrong , Zhu Jing , Hu Zuming 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTA Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction was used to synthesize a deoxybenzoin derivative named bis[2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐(2‐phenyl acetyl)phenyl]phenyl phosphonate (BDPP), which could be used as a flame‐retardant additive in poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) resin. The limited oxygen index and cone calorimetry tests indicated that the introduction of 5 wt % BDPP significantly improved the flame‐retardant properties of PTT through a synergistic char‐formation mechanism in the condensed phase and a flame‐inhibition mechanism in the gas phase. The PTT–BDPP blend also demonstrated an evident reduction in the melt viscosity but a superior melt stability in comparison to the neat PTT. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45904.
Hypercrosslinked silole‐containing microporous organic polymers with N‐functionalized pore surfaces for gas storage and separation
Authors: Shu Ge , Zhang Chong , Li Yuda , Jiang Jia‐Xing , Wang Xunchang , Li Hui , Wang Feng 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTNovel hypercrosslinked microporous organic polymers (MOPs) derived from N‐functionalized siloles as basic building units have been designed and synthesized via Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction. The resulting N‐functional silole‐containing polymer networks exhibit high thermal stabilities and moderate Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area ranging from 666 to 1137 m2 g−1. The incorporation of carbazole or triphenylamine moieties into the polymer skeleton increases the number of electron donating basic nitrogen sites in the porous frameworks. Thus, the corresponding polymer PDMCzS shows enhanced CO2 adsorption capacities of 3.23 mmol g−1 at 273 K and 1.13 bar, and higher CO2/N2 selectivity (43.99) at 273 K than the analogous silole‐containing polymers P1–P3. These results demonstrated that the N‐functionalized silole‐containing polymer network is a very promising candidate for potential applications in post‐combustion CO2 capture and sequestration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45907.
Enhancement of mechanical strength associated with interfacial tension between barium titanate and acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber with different acrylonitrile contents by surface modification
Authors: Zhu Suoshi , Guo Jiacong , Zhang Jun 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAcrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) with different acrylonitrile (ACN) contents was filled with barium titanate (BT) to prepare the polymer dielectrics. The neat NBR, NBR/untreated BT, and NBR/bis‐(γ‐triethoxysilylpropyl)‐tetrasulfide (silane coupling agent KH845‐4) modified BT (MBT) composites were prepared. At low ACN content (ACN content 20 wt %), the tensile strength of the NBR/MBT composites increased by 173.6% from 2.69 to 7.36 MPa compared to the neat NBR. The pleasing results were not found in those composites with high ACN content. Both surface modifications of BT and NBR with low ACN content would result in lower interfacial tension between BT and NBR. A strong interfacial adhesion was observed between MBT and NBR with 20 wt % ACN content. The interfacial adhesion had great contribution to the mechanical strength of composites. Moreover, the dielectric properties of composites were also investigated in detail. The addition of BT enhanced the dielectric constant of composites markedly. This study can be applied in manufacturing electronic devices, which are subjected to oily environments for a long time. At the same time, the study can provide some help for researchers to select the polymer matrix and the appropriate surface modification agent of functional filler. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45936.
Simultaneous separation and analysis of camptothecin alkaloids in real samples by large‐volume sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Chen Meng , Huang Yayun , Xu Liying , Zhang Hongfen , Zhang Guangbin , Chen Anjia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLarge‐volume sample stacking (LVSS) is commonly used as an effective online preconcentration method in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). In this paper, the method LVSS combined with CZE has been proposed to analyze camptothecin alkaloids. Optimum separation can be achieved in the following conditions: pH 9.0; 25mm borate buffer containing 20 mm sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin and 20 mm ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyllimidazole l‐lactate; applied voltage 20 kV; and capillary temperature 25 °C. The LVSS was optimized as hydrodynamic injection 4 s at 5.0 psi and the polarity switching time was 0.17 min. Under the above conditions, the analytes could be separated completely in <20 min and the detector response was increased compared with conventional hydrodynamic injection. The limits of detection were between 0.20 and 0.78 μg/L. A good linearity was obtained with correlation coefficients from 0.9991 to 0.9997. The recoveries ranged from 97.72 to 103.2% and the results demonstrated excellent accuracy. In terms of the migration time and peak area, the experiment was reproducible. The experimental results indicated that baseline separation can be obtained and this method is suitable for the quantitative determination of camptothecin alkaloids in real samples.
A sensitive LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of geniposide and its active metabolite genipin in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Shi Fuguo , Pan Hong , Li Yi , Huang Linyan , Wu Qin , Lu Yuanfu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGenipin (GP), an active metabolite of geniposide (GE), exhibits more potent pharmacological effects than its parent compound. In this paper, a sensitive LC‐MS/MS method was developed and fully validated for the simultaneous determination of GE and GP in rat plasma. We found that GP degraded rapidly in rat plasma at room temperature as a result of irreversible binding with the endogenous nucleophiles in plasma. GP was stable when the sample's pH was ≤4.0. The degradation of GP in rat plasma was well prevented by immediate addition of 5% glacial acetic acid to the freshly collected plasma. The detection was performed on a tandem mass spectrometer coupled with electrospray ionization source in negative mode. Quantification was conducted by multiple reaction monitoring of the transitions [M + CH3COO]− m/z 447.3 → 225.3 for GE and [M − H]− m/z 225.2 → 123.1 for GP. The method exhibited high sensitivity (LLOQ 1 ng/mL for GE and 0.2 ng/mL for GP) by selecting the acetate adduct ions as the precursor ions for GE. The robust developed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral administration of GE.
Public unawareness of physician reimbursement
Authors: Herrick Nicole Lilly , Fontanesi John , Rush Toni , Schatz Richard A 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo assess subjects' perception of healthcare costs and physician reimbursement.BackgroundThe lack of transparency in healthcare reimbursement leaves patients and physicians unaware of the distribution of health care dollars.MethodsAnonymous survey‐based study by means of convenience sampling. Participants were asked to estimate the total hospital cost and physician fee for one of the six medical procedures (n = 250).ResultsOn the average for all 6 procedures, patients estimated the total cost was $36,177, ∼1,540% more than the actual Medicare rate of $7,333. Similarly, patients estimated the physician fee was $7,694, 1,474% more the actual Medicare rate of $589.ConclusionPatients' perception of the total cost and physician fee are significantly higher than Medicare rates for all 6 procedures. This lack of insight may have widespread negative implications on the patient–physician relationship, on political trends to reduce physician reimbursement, and on a physician's desire to continue practicing medicine.
Directing a Non‐Heme Iron(III)‐Hydroperoxide Species on a Trifurcated Reactivity Pathway
Authors: Wegeberg Christina , Lauritsen Frants R. , Frandsen Cathrine , Mørup Steen , Browne Wesley R. , McKenzie Christine J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe reactivity of [FeIII(tpena)]2+ (tpena=N,N,N′‐tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine‐N′‐acetate) as a catalyst for oxidation reactions depends on its ratio to the terminal oxidant H2O2 and presence or absence of sacrificial substrates. The outcome can be switched between: 1) catalysed H2O2 disproportionation, 2) selective catalytic oxidation of methanol or benzyl alcohol to the corresponding aldehyde, or 3) oxidative decomposition of the tpena ligand. A common mechanism is proposed involving homolytic O−O cleavage in the detected transient purple low‐spin (S=
) [(tpenaH)FeIIIO−OH]2+. The resultant iron(IV) oxo and hydroxyl radical both participate in controllable hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) reactions. Consistent with the presence of a weaker σ‐donor carboxylate ligand, the most pronounced difference in the spectroscopic properties of [Fe(OOH)(tpenaH)]2+ and its conjugate base, [Fe(OO)(tpenaH)]+, compared to non‐heme iron(III) peroxide analogues supported by neutral multidentate N‐only ligands, are slightly blue‐shifted maxima of the visible absorption band assigned to ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer (LMCT) transitions and, corroborating this, lower FeIII/FeII redox potentials for the pro‐catalysts.
Copper Nanoparticles on Controlled Pore Glass and TEMPO for the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Ibrahem Ismail , Iqbal Muhammad Naeem , Verho Oscar , Eivazihollagh Alireza , Olsén Peter , Edlund Håkan , Tai Cheuk‐Wai , Norgren Magnus , Johnston Eric V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHerein, we report on the facile synthesis of a heterogeneous copper nanocatalyst and its combination with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyl compounds. This low cost copper nanocatalyst was found to exhibit excellent recyclability, making it a highly attractive catalytic system from an economical and environmental point of view. Extensive characterization of the catalyst by a number of techniques revealed that it was comprised of well‐dispersed Cu(I/II) nanoparticles with an average size of around 6 nm.