bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Modulation of Thermal Emission
Authors: Coppens Zachary J. , Valentine Jason G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrecise control of a material's emissivity is critical for thermal‐engineering applications. Metamaterials, which derive their optical properties from sub‐wavelength structures, have emerged as a promising way to tune emissivity over a wide parameter space. However, metamaterial designs have not yet achieved simultaneous spatial and temporal control of emissivity, which is important for advanced engineering applications such as adaptive thermal management and reconfigurable infrared camouflage. Here, spatiotemporal emissivity control is demonstrated by designing and fabricating a large‐area, infrared metamaterial that is modulated with ultraviolet (UV) light. The UV light generates free carriers in a photosensitive ZnO spacer layer, which changes the metamaterial optical properties and causes a localized increase in emissivity. Thermal imaging of the metamaterial during UV illumination reveals an apparent temperature increase as a result of the emissivity change. The imaged temperature fluctuation is recorded under exposure from a temporally modulated and spatially patterned UV illumination source to characterize both the temporal response and spatial resolution of the emissivity change. The results of this work demonstrate new capabilities for thermal metamaterials that could bring about the next generation of thermal‐engineering devices.
A 1D Vanadium Dioxide Nanochannel Constructed via Electric‐Field‐Induced Ion Transport and its Superior Metal–Insulator Transition
Authors: Xue Wuhong , Liu Gang , Zhong Zhicheng , Dai Yuehua , Shang Jie , Liu Yiwei , Yang Huali , Yi Xiaohui , Tan Hongwei , Pan Liang , Gao Shuang , Ding Jun , Xu Xiao‐Hong , Li Run‐Wei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNanoscale manipulation of materials' physicochemical properties offers distinguished possibility to the development of novel electronic devices with ultrasmall dimension, fast operation speed, and low energy consumption characteristics. This is especially important as the present semiconductor manufacturing technique is approaching the end of miniaturization campaign in the near future. Here, a superior metal–insulator transition (MIT) of a 1D VO2 nanochannel constructed through an electric‐field‐induced oxygen ion migration process in V2O5 thin film is reported for the first time. A sharp and reliable MIT transition with a steep turn‐on voltage slope of <0.5 mV dec−1, fast switching speed of 17 ns, low energy consumption of 8 pJ, and low variability of <4.3% is demonstrated in the VO2 nanochannel device. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy observation and theoretical computation verify that the superior electrical properties of the present device can be ascribed to the electroformation of nanoscale VO2 nanochannel in V2O5 thin films. More importantly, the incorporation of the present device into a Pt/HfO2/Pt/VO2/Pt 1S1R unit can ensure the correct reading of the HfO2 memory continuously for 107 cycles, therefore demonstrating its great possibility as a reliable selector in high‐density crossbar memory arrays.
1D Coordination Polymer Nanofibers for Low‐Temperature Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Yang Yu , Zhu Wenjun , Dong Ziliang , Chao Yu , Xu Lai , Chen Meiwan , Liu Zhuang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR)‐light‐triggered photothermal therapy (PTT) usually requires hyperthermia to >50 °C for effective tumor ablation, which can potentially induce inflammatory disease and heating damage of normal organs nearby, while tumor lesions without sufficient heating (e.g., the internal part) may survive after treatment. Achieving effective tumor killing under relatively low temperatures is thus critical toward successful clinical use of PTT. Herein, we design a simple strategy to fabricate poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐modified one‐dimensional nanoscale coordination polymers (1D‐NCPs) with intrinsic biodegradability, large surface area, pH‐responsive behaviors, and versatile theranostic functions. With NCPs consisting of Mn2+/indocyanine green (ICG) as the example, Mn‐ICG@pHis‐PEG display efficient pH‐responsive tumor retention after systemic administration and then load Gambogic acid (GA), a natural inhibitor of heat‐shock protein 90 (Hsp90) that plays an essential role for cells to resist heating‐induced damage. Such Mn‐ICG@pHis‐PEG/GA under a mild NIR‐triggered heating is able to induce effective apoptosis of tumor cells, realizing low‐temperature PTT (~43 °C) with excellent tumor destruction efficacy. This work not only develops a facile approach to fabricate PEGylated 1D‐NCPs with tumor‐specific pH responsiveness and theranostic functionalities, but also presents a unique low‐temperature PTT strategy to kill cancer in a highly effective and minimally invasive manner.
High Areal Energy 3D‐Interdigitated Micro‐Supercapacitors in Aqueous and Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
Authors: Eustache Etienne , Douard Camille , Demortière Arnaud , De Andrade Vincent , Brachet Mylene , Le Bideau Jean , Brousse Thierry , Lethien Christophe 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe fabrication of high‐performance on‐chip 3D micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) based on MnO2 pseudocapacitive binder‐free thin film electrodes (<500 nm thick) with interdigitated topology is reported. An original technological process easily scalable to pilot production line is proposed on 3 in. silicon wafers. High areal energy (>10 µW h cm−2) and power densities (>10 mW cm−2) are reached on small footprint micro‐supercapacitors (4 mm2) tested in aqueous electrolyte (0.8 V). Furthermore, the cell voltage of such MSCs can be increased up to 1.5 V with 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids but at the expense of the areal capacitance. The performance in ionic liquid is in the same order of magnitude than the one obtained for aqueous electrolyte. The benefit from the 3D topology is clearly demonstrated when the surface performance is normalized to the electrode thickness allowing this study to obtain an interesting energy versus power tradeoff (>10 µW h cm−2 µm−1 and >1 mw cm−2 µm−1). This study aims at improving the energy density of MSCs while keeping high power capability, by combining the use of ionic liquids and the deposition of MnO2 thin film onto robust and efficient 3D scaffolds.
A High‐Volumetric‐Capacity Cathode Based on Interconnected Close‐Packed N‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanospheres for Long‐Life Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Hu Cheng , Kirk Caroline , Cai Qiong , Cuadrado‐Collados Carlos , Silvestre‐Albero Joaquín , Rodríguez‐Reinoso Francisco , Biggs Mark James 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study reports a Li–S battery cathode of high volumetric capacity enabled by novel micro‐ and mesostructuring. The cathode is based on monodisperse highly porous carbon nanospheres derived from a facile template‐ and surfactant‐free method. At the mesoscale, the nanospheres structure into interconnected close‐packed clusters of a few microns in extent, thus facilitating the fabrication of dense crack‐free high areal sulfur loading (5 mg cm−2) cathodes with high electrical conductivity and low cathode impedance. A combination of the nitrogen doping (5 wt%), high porosity (2.3 cm3 g−1), and surface area (2900 m2 g−1) at the microscale enables high sulfur immobilization and utilization. The cathode delivers among the best reported volumetric capacity to date, above typical Li‐ion areal capacity at 0.2 C over 200 cycles and low capacity fading of 0.1% per cycle at 0.5 C over 500 cycles. The compact cathode structure also ensures a low electrolyte requirement (6 µL mg−1), which aids a low overall cell weight, and further, among the best gravimetric capacities published to date as well.
Predictors of insubordinate aggression among captive female rhesus macaques
Authors: Seil Shannon K. , Hannibal Darcy L. , Beisner Brianne A. , McCowan Brenda 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesCercopithicine primates tend to have nepotistic hierarchies characterized by predictable, kinship‐based dominance. Although aggression is typically directed down the hierarchy, insubordinate aggression does occur. Insubordination is important to understand because it can precipitate social upheaval and undermine group stability; however, the factors underlying it are not well understood. We test whether key social and demographic variables predict insubordination among captive female rhesus macaques.Materials and MethodsTo identify factors influencing insubordination, multivariate analyses of 10,821 dyadic conflicts among rhesus macaque females were conducted, using data from six captive groups. A segmented regression analysis was used to identify dyads with insubordination. Negative binomial regression analyses and an information theoretic approach were used to assess predictors of insubordination among dyads.ResultsIn the best models, weight difference (w = 1.0; IRR = 0.930), age (dominant: w = 1.0, IRR = 0.681; subordinate: w = 1.0, IRR = 1.069), the subordinate's total number of allies (w = 0.727, IRR = 1.060) or non‐kin allies (w = 0.273, IRR = 1.165), the interaction of the dominant's kin allies and weight difference (w = 0.938, IRR = 1.046), violation of youngest ascendancy (w = 1.0; IRR = 2.727), and the subordinate's maternal support (w = 1.0; IRR = 2.928), are important predictors of insubordination.DiscussionThese results show that both intrinsic and social factors influence insubordinate behavior. This adds to evidence of the importance of intrinsic factors and flexibility in a social structure thought to be rigid and predetermined by external factors. Further, because insubordination can precipitate social overthrow, determining predictors of insubordination will shed light on mechanisms underlying stability in nepotistic societies.
The N‐Terminal Domain of ALS‐Linked TDP‐43 Assembles without Misfolding
Authors: Tsoi Phoebe S. , Choi Kyoung‐Jae , Leonard Paul G. , Sizovs Antons , Moosa Mahdi Muhammad , MacKenzie Kevin R. , Ferreon Josephine C. , Ferreon Allan Chris M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTransactivation response element (TAR) DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) misfolding is implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases characterized by aggregated protein inclusions. Misfolding is believed to be mediated by both the N‐ and C‐terminus of TDP‐43; however, the mechanistic basis of the contribution of individual domains in the process remained elusive. Here, using single‐molecule fluorescence and ensemble biophysical techniques, and a wide range of pH and temperature conditions, we show that TDP‐43NTD is thermodynamically stable, well‐folded and undergoes reversible oligomerization. We propose that, in full‐length TDP‐43, association between folded N‐terminal domains enhances the propensity of the intrinsically unfolded C‐terminal domains to drive pathological aggregation.
Von Vorläuferpulvern zu CsPbX3‐Perowskit‐Nanodrähten: Eintopfreaktion, Wachstumsmechanismus und gerichtete Selbstassemblierung
Authors: Tong Yu , Bohn Bernhard J. , Bladt Eva , Wang Kun , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Bals Sara , Urban Alexander S. , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana , Feldmann Jochen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDie Synthese kolloidaler Nanokristalle sowie die Herstellung von Halbleiter‐Nanodrähten (NWs) sind ein wichtiger Aspekt der aktuellen Forschung. Wir berichten über eine einstufige, Liganden‐kontrollierte Synthese von kristallinen CsPbBr3‐Perowskit‐NWs direkt aus den Vorläuferpulvern. Untersuchungen des Reaktionsprozesses sowie der Entstehung der Kristallmorphologie zeigen, dass sich die eingangs hergestellten CsPbBr3‐Nanowürfel in einem gerichteten Mechanismus aneinandergereiht zusammenfügen und NWs bilden. Die optischen Eigenschaften der NWs können über die gesamte Breite des sichtbaren Spektrums kontrolliert werden, indem die Halogenzusammensetzung aus Cl, Br und I durch nachträglichen Halogenaustausch verändert wird. Die Beobachtung einzelner Partikel ergab, dass diese NWs stark polarisiertes Licht mit einer Polarisationsanisotropie von 0.36 emittieren. Zudem können wir zeigen, dass die NWs sich selbstständig in einer quasi‐geordneten Art an Luft/Flüssigkeit‐Grenzflächen ansammeln können. Dieser Prozess sollte einfach auf andere Perowskit‐Nanokristalle angewendet werden können, um deren Morphologie in Hinblick auf ihre Verwendung in zukünftigen optoelektronischen Vorrichtungen im Nanobereich zu beeinflussen.
Zwischen Lokalisierung und Delokalisierung: Ru(cod)2+‐Einheiten in den Zintl‐Clustern [Bi9{Ru(cod)}2]3− und [Tl2Bi6{Ru(cod)}]2−
Authors: Lichtenberger Niels , Spang Nils , Eichhöfer Andreas , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractReaktionen von [K(crypt‐222)]2(TlBi3)⋅0.5en (1 b) mit [Ru(cod)(H2CC(Me)CH2)2] (A) in 1,2‐Diaminoethan (en) führten zur Bildung zweier Verbindungen mit neuen, Bi‐reichen Clusteranionen, [K(crypt‐222)]3[Bi9{Ru(cod)}2]⋅1.5en (2) und [K(crypt‐222)]2[Tl2Bi6 {Ru(cod)}]⋅2tol (3), sowie zur Bildung des Salzes eines binären nido‐Clusters, [K(crypt‐222)]3(Tl4Bi5)⋅2en (4). Die Anionen in 2 und 3 gehören zu den seltenen heterometallischen Clustern mit Ru‐Atomen. Da in beiden Fällen je ein cod‐Ligand pro Ru‐Atom gebunden blieb, lassen sich die Anionen als Intermediate auf dem Weg zur Bildung größerer, Liganden‐freier intermetalloider Cluster ansehen. Quantenchemischen Studien zufolge liegen im Anion von 2 elektronenpräzise und elektronendefizitäre Bereiche kombiniert vor. Elektrospray‐Ionisations‐Massenspektrometrie (ESI‐MS) weist auf eine schrittweise Fragmentierung der Cluster hin.
Synthesis of Phenalenyl‐Fused Pyrylium Cations: Divergent C−H Activation/Annulation Reaction Sequence of Naphthalene Aldehydes with Alkynes
Authors: Yin Jiangliang , Tan Meiling , Wu Di , Jiang Ruyong , Li Chengming , You Jingsong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDescribed herein is the synthesis of stable oxonium‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by the rhodium‐catalyzed C−H activation/annulations of naphthalene‐type aldehydes with internal alkynes. This protocol provides four divergent reaction types, including two unexpected annulations with an oxygen transposition process, which lead to diverse types of phenalenyl‐fused pyrylium cations comprising a four‐, five‐, or six‐ring‐fused π‐conjugated core. The annulations exhibit an exquisite regioselectivity and a high tolerance of sensitive functional groups. These PAHs feature intriguing photophysical properties such as full‐color tunable fluorescence emission, high quantum yield, and positively charged core, and can be reduced easily to the phenalenyl radicals.
Modification of bitumen emulsion via heterocoagulation with SIS triblock copolymer latex
Authors: Xia Chunmiao , Luo Yingwu 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBitumen emulsions have often been modified by styrene–butadiene rubber latex. The modified bitumen can have excellent low‐temperature cracking resistance, but rutting resistance at high temperature still remains poor. In the current work, for the first time, a stable poly(styrene‐b‐isoprene‐b‐styrene) (SIS) triblock copolymer latex is synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization. Based on this, a simple heterocoagulation process is developed to prepare the bitumen emulsions modified by SIS. The heterocoagulation results in hybrid particles of SIS shell and bitumen core. With addition of 5 wt % SIS, a continuous polymer‐rich phase could be formed in the modified bitumen once the modified emulsion was broken down. The bitumen modified by 5 wt % SIS shows a significant increase in complex modulus at high temperature and a significant decrease in loss tangent, suggesting excellent resistance to rutting at high temperature, which is consistent with the significant increase in softening point from 41 °C for the base bitumen up to 64 °C. Meanwhile, the ductility at 5 °C of the modified bitumen is also dramatically increased from 1.4 cm for the base bitumen to 40 cm, indicating the low‐temperature cracking resistance should also be much enhanced. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45510.
Fully bio‐based poly(ɛ‐capolactone)/poly(lactide) alternating multiblock supramolecular polymers: Synthesis, crystallization behavior, and properties
Authors: Shi Xuetao , Jing Zhanxin , Zhang Guangcheng , Xu Yan , Yao Yao 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTSupramolecular poly(ɛ‐capolactone)/poly(lactide) alternating multiblock copolymers were prepared by UPy‐functionalized poly(lactide)‐b‐poly(ɛ‐capolactone)‐b‐poly(lactide) copolymers. The prepared supramolecular polymers (SMPs) exhibit the characteristic properties of thermoplastic elastomers. The stereo multiblock SMPs (sc‐SMPs) were formed by blending UPy‐functionalized poly(l‐lactide)‐b‐PCL‐b‐poly(l‐lactide) (l‐SMPs) and UPy‐functionalized poly(d‐lactide)‐b‐PCL‐b‐poly(d‐lactide) (d‐SMPs) due to stereocomplexation of the PLLA and PDLA blocks. Sc‐SMPs with low content of d‐SMPs (≤20%) are transparent, elastic solids, while those having high d‐SMPs content are opaque, brittle solids. The effects of l‐SMPs/d‐SMPs mixing ratios on thermal, crystallization behaviors, crystal structure, mechanical and hydrophilic properties of sc‐SMPs were deeply investigated. The incorporation of UPy groups depresses the crystallization of polymer, and the stereocomplex formation accelerates the crystallization rate. The used initiator functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes causes a different effect on the crystallization of PLA and PCL blocks. The tensile strength and elongation at break of ld/dd‐SMPs (d represents the initiator diethylene glycol) are significantly larger than that of lp/dp‐SMPs (p represents the initiator polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes), and their heat resistance and hydrophilicity can be also modulated by the l‐SMPs/d‐SMPs mixing ratios and the different initiators. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45575.
Kurtonitj stone house: Excavation of a mid‐nineteenth century Aboriginal frontier site from Gunditjmara country, south‐west Victoria
Authors: MCNIVEN IAN J. , DUNN JULIAN E. , CROUCH JOE ,   GUNDITJ MIRRING TRADITIONAL OWNERS ABORIGINAL CORPORATION
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper provides the first detailed excavation report published for an Aboriginal stone house from south‐west Victoria. Stone house sites have generated considerable debate in Australian archaeology in terms of late Holocene intensification and claims for village‐scale settlements and sedentism. Fine‐grained excavation of KSH‐1 within the Budj Bim (stony rises) cultural landscape revealed house construction directly on to lava bedrock. Shallow sediments contained numerous flaked flint and bottle glass artefacts, and a remarkable cache of 34 iron nails. Taphonomic analysis suggests that most, if not all, stone artefacts (including a backed artefact) predate the contact objects and possibly construction of the stone house. Low quantities of cultural materials and large glass artefacts lying horizontally at various levels suggest multiple, short‐term occupation events. Dating of metal objects to c.1840–1870 points to occupation during the period of violent resistance to European pastoral invasion in the 1840s and/or during the subsequent period of negotiated resistance while living and working on pastoral properties during the 1850s and 1860s. Key challenges for future excavations are documenting stone houses dating unambiguously to before European contact and determining how their history of use integrates with the development of eel trapping facilities over the past 6600 years.
Selective Oxidations of Cyperenoic Acid by Slightly Reshaping the Binding Pocket of Cytochrome P450 BM3
Authors: Li Yuxin , Qin Bin , Li Xiaoqin , Tang Jun , Chen Yu , Zhou Lina , You Song 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe selective hydroxylation of unactivated C−H bonds in complex natural products represents a formidable challenge in synthetic organic chemistry. Cyperenoic acid, a sesquiterpenoid isolated from Croton crassifolius, possesses an antiangiogenic‐promoting effect. Its C7‐ and C9α‐hydroxylated products can significantly inhibit the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To prepare these hydroxylated products, cytochrome P450 BM3 monooxygenase was chosen as a catalyst for the hydroxylation of cyperenoic acid. A simple and fast strategy, slightly reshaping the binding pocket of P450 BM3, was described to expedite the development of highly regio‐ and stereoselective P450 catalysts. P450 BM3 was evolved through one or two generations of mutations, and a highly enriched mutant library that contained fewer than 30 variants was then constructed. The obtained P450 BM3 variants achieved selective hydroxylation at positions C7 (94 % selectivity in the case of the F87A/A330W/F331L mutant) and C9 (90 % regioselectivity and 100 % stereoselectivity in the case of the L75V/F87A/T88F/A330W mutant) of cyperenoic acid and were also used to prepare the desired hydroxylated products at a preparative scale with high isolated yields.
Shell of Planet Earth – Global Batch Bioreactor
Authors: Hanika Jiri , Solcova Olga , Kastanek Petr 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOur planet Earth, precisely speaking its surface shell, might be considered as a huge multiphase batch biochemical reactor heated by the Sun, whose energy is a unique resource. The Sun ensures our earthly life unconditionally; moreover, it compensates the heat losses of land, water, and ice by radiation emitted from the Earth surface to its surrounding space at night. It is evident that in this macroreactor the complex transport phenomena occur in many phases, involving mass, heat, and momentum. Obviously, such a responsive batch system is strongly limited by raw resources of all elements including carbon materials necessary for a good living standard and utilized both in the energy production and for the main industrial chemical processes.
Binding Mode and Selectivity of a Scorpiand‐Like Polyamine Ligand to Single‐ and Double‐Stranded DNA and RNA: Metal‐ and pH‐Driven Modulation
Authors: Inclán Mario , Guijarro Lluis , Pont Isabel , Frías Juan C. , Rotger Carmen , Orvay Francisca , Costa Antoni , García‐España Enrique , Albelda M. Teresa 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe interaction of a polyazacyclophane ligand having an ethylamine pendant arm functionalized with an anthryl group (L), with the single‐stranded polynucleotides polyA, polyG, polyU, and polyC as well as with the double‐stranded polynucleotides polyA–polyU, poly(dAT)2, and poly(dGC)2 has been followed by UV/Vis titration, steady state fluorescence spectroscopy, and thermal denaturation measurements. In the case of the single‐stranded polynucleotides, the UV/Vis and fluorescence titrations permit to distinguish between sequences containing purine and pyrimidine bases. For the double‐stranded polynucleotides the UV/Vis measurements show for all of them hypochromicity and bathochromic shifts. However, the fluorescence studies reveal that both polyA–polyU and poly(dAT)2 induce a twofold increase in the fluorescence, whereas interaction of poly(dGC)2 with the ligand L induces a quenching of the fluorescence. Cu2+ modulates the interaction with the double‐stranded polynucleotides due to the conformation changes that its coordination induces in compound L. In general, the spectroscopic studies show that intercalation seems to be blocked by the formation of the metal complex. All these features suggest the possibility of using compound L as a sequence‐selective fluorescence probe.