bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of Libyan retail consumers toward Islamic methods of finance
Authors: Gait Alsadek , Worthington Andrew C. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to analyse the attitudes of Libyan retail customers to Islamic methods of finance.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study conducted a survey of 385 Libyan retail consumers. Descriptive, factor and discriminant analyses of responses were performed to identify principal factors affecting attitudes towards and the potential use of Islamic financial products and services.

Findings
– The results indicate that while most respondents have at least some knowledge about some Islamic products, especially Musharakah (full-equity business partnerships) and Quard Hassan (interest-free benevolent loans), they are generally unaware of many other products. Nonetheless, most respondents (85.9 per cent) are potential users of Islamic methods of finance at the retail level, though potential use varying markedly according to age, level of education, employment, income and nationality. Factor analysis reduces the large number of variables that determine retail consumers’ attitudes towards Islamic methods of finance to just community service, profitability, religion and unique services. Discriminant analysis shows that religion and community service are the most important positive attitudes determining the potential use of Islamic methods of finance by retail consumers in Libya.

Research limitations/implications
– The study is undertaken in a single national context, so there is no possibility of comparing the results with alternative financial systems in different stages of the adoption of Islamic finance. Research was completed in 2010, with the ongoing unrest in Libya precluding publication until recently.

Practical implications
– Religious motivations rank highest in determining positive attitudes to Islamic methods of finance, and marketers should ensure that Islamic financial products and services strictly comply with Sharia. However, it may be possible to strengthen these positive attitudes by promoting that the community service role of Islamic finance is also important. Consumers also react favourably to marketing that either admits something negative about the product (e.g. Islamic finance is Sharia-compliant, but less profitable for depositors) or something positive about a competing product (e.g. conventional finance is more profitable, but cares less about the community). Marketers should emphasise the strengths of Islamic finance across the several sources of positive attitudes the authors have identified.

Originality/value
– There is no published work on Libyan retail consumers and limited study of attitudes towards Islamic methods of finance more generally.
Charting relationship marketing practice: it really didn’t emerge in the 1970s
Authors: Tadajewski Mark 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to provide a history of relational perspectives in marketing practice from the nineteenth through to the twentieth century.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper engages in a systematic reading of published histories of retailing practice using the key attributes of transaction and relationship marketing as a conceptual framework to interrogate whether earlier practitioners were committed to either approach.

Findings
– This paper supplements the studies conducted in other domains that undermine the idea that relational practices were rejected in favor of transaction-type approaches during the industrialization of the USA and Canada.

Practical implications
– The content of this paper provides textbook authors with a means to fundamentally revise the way they discuss relationship marketing. It has a similar pedagogic utility.

Originality/value
– This paper studies the writings of practitioners known to be pioneers of retailing to unravel their business philosophies, comparing and contrasting these to known attributes of relationship marketing. It deals with an historical period that has not previously been studied in this level of detail by marketing historians.
The man who managed your marketing?
Authors: Pressey Andrew 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The US Senate hearings on pricing in the market for drugs in 1959, and lasting ten months, was part of a series of wider senatorial hearings into a range of American industries including the markets for milk, bread, automobiles, and steel, undertaken by the Senate Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly, chaired by Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee between 1957 and 1963. The study examines how a body that had the initial investigational remit to examine the subject of ‘administered prices’ in the drug industry, became instead largely a systematic critique of the marketing activities and techniques practiced by pharmaceutical firms of the day.Design/methodology/approach– The study draws on the Senate Subcommittee hearings for prescription drugs.Findings– Three objectionable marketing practices were identified by the Antitrust Subcommittee: the use of sales representatives and high-pressure sales techniques; industry promotional practices, expenditure and deceptiveness; and the role of drug branding to hold consumers captive to major brands.Research limitations/implications– Rather than being an investigation that was perceived by some as out of tune with the major events of the day (most notably civil rights), it will be demonstrated that, far from being an anachronism, the hearings were an important precursor to the consumer rights movement, which peaked in the 1960s and 1970s, and a link will be established between antitrust issues and contemporary consumer politics.Originality/value– The paper demonstrates the historical value of studying regulatory body appraisals of marketing practices.
The beginnings of motivation research, 1934-1954: a prequel to Fullerton 2013
Authors: Fullerton Ron 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to show the genesis of motivation research in work done from the 1920s through 1954, especially with the growth in reception of European “depth psychology”. This has been followed up by Fullerton (2013).

Design/methodology/approach
– Standard historical methodology – heavy reliance on sources written at the time (primary resources), avoidance of anachronism, heavy use of contemporary quotations, efforts to explain and interpret.

Findings
– Motivation research dates to the 1920s with the work of Paul F. Lazarsfeld and others. It grew rapidly in the USA, part of the great expansion of the behavioral sciences, and amidst a zeitgeist of growing discontent with older psychologies and of Economic Man.

Originality/value
– This paper takes motivation research back to its origins for the first time, placing it clearly in line with contemporary intellectual developments.
Trust and work place spirituality on knowledge sharing behaviour
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Sabbir , Osmangani Aahad M , Daud Nuraihan Mat , Chowdhury Abdul Hannan , Hassan Hasliza 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– This empirical research aims to, to add value in the existing research on knowledge sharing, investigate the antecedents of knowledge-sharing behaviour by embedding trust and workplace spirituality variable on non-academic staff from higher learning institution in Malaysia. The role of trust, perceived risk and workplace spirituality towards knowledge-sharing behaviour has attracted significant attention from researchers and practitioners to facilitate the culture of knowledge sharing in organization settings.Design/methodology/approach– The units of analysis include non-academic staffs who are currently working in different higher learning institutions in Malaysia. Apart from descriptive study, this research applied confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling.Findings– The result revealed that there is a strong relationship between workplace spirituality and knowledge-sharing behaviour. On the other hand, the perceived risk variables partially mediate the association between trust and knowledge-sharing behaviour.Research limitations/implications– This research is a cross-sectional study. As a result, the limited sample size in this study may have an effect on the power of generalizability. Further research may be necessary to confirm the model across different industry to reveal the nature of the knowledge-sharing behaviour among the staff.Practical implications– The findings from this research could help the policymakers and the respective authorities of higher learning institutions to create a knowledge-sharing culture that is needed to support knowledge sharing and knowledge management within the higher learning institutions.Originality/value– This research not only adds value to knowledge-sharing literature but also used the variable like workplace spirituality under the context of Malaysian higher learning institution.
Placing the Urban Village: A Spatial Perspective on the Development Process of Urban Villages in Contemporary China
Authors: Kochan Dror 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe rapid urbanization of China since the mid‐1980s has led to the development of a new spatial category, the urban village (chengzhongcun). The dominant neoliberal urban development regime approaches urban villages as a social, spatial, economic and political problem, and as targets for aggressive redevelopment and eradication policies. In this article, I propose a spatial perspective that makes use of several theoretical ‘anchors' to analyze the influence of urban village spatiality on its development process and to explore alternatives to the dominant redevelopment model. I begin by examining the spatial conceptualization of the urban village as a non‐place, arguing that this spatial reading undergirds the redevelopment‐by‐demolition model and tends to obscure alternative conceptualizations. I then move on to propose three alternative readings of urban village space, examining it as an everyday space, a liminal space and a neighborhood. Combining these three readings with the ‘non‐place' conceptualization provides a nuanced understanding of urban villages' unique spatial attributes and social roles, by evoking spatial and social processes that take place in most urban villages across China. Taken together, these spatial readings challenge the social and spatial rigidity of dominant representations of urban villages and supply a much‐needed spatially based conceptual framework that can be used to develop new urban planning models.
Carob Kibble: A Bioactive‐Rich Food Ingredient
Authors: Nasar‐Abbas Syed M. , e‐Huma Zill‐ , Vu Thi‐Huong , Khan Muhammad Kamran , Esbenshade Henry , Jayasena Vijay 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCarob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is well known for its valuable locust bean gum obtained from the carob seeds. Separation of seeds from the pod leaves behind the carob kibble which is a good source of dietary fiber, sugars, and a range of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and pinitol. Bioactive compounds present in carob kibble have been found to be beneficial in the control of many health problems such as diabetes, heart diseases, and colon cancer due to their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory activities. Carob kibble has substantial potential to be used as a food ingredient. This article focuses on the composition, health benefits, and food applications of carob kibble.
Physicochemical Properties, Minerals, Trace Elements, and Heavy Metals in Honey of Different Origins: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Solayman Md. , Islam Md. Asiful , Paul Sudip , Ali Yousuf , Khalil Md. Ibrahim , Alam Nadia , Gan Siew Hua 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHoney is a popular natural food product with a very complex composition mainly consisting of both organic and inorganic constituents. The composition of honey is strongly influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors, which vary based on its botanical and geographical origins. Although minerals and heavy metals are minor constituents of honey, they play vital role in determining its quality. There are several different analytical methods used to determine the chemical elements in honey. These methods are typically based on spectroscopy or spectrometry techniques (including atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). This review compiles available scientific information on minerals and heavy metals in honey reported from all over the world. To date, 54 chemical elements in various types of honey have been identified and can be divided into 3 groups: major or macroelements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Cl), minor or trace elements (Al, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cd, Tl, Co, Ni, Rb, Ba, Be, Bi, U, V, Fe, Pt, Pd, Te, Hf, Mo, Sn, Sb, La, I, Sm, Tb, Dy, Sd, Th, Pr, Nd, Tm, Yb, Lu, Gd, Ho, Er, Ce, Cr, As, B, Br, Cd, Hg, Se, Sr), and heavy metals (trace elements that have a specific gravity at least 5 times higher than that of water and inorganic sources). Chemical elements in honey samples throughout the world vary in terms of concentrations and are also influenced by environmental pollution.
Formation of 4(5)‐Methylimidazole in Aqueous d‐Glucose‐Amino Acids Model System
Authors: Karim Faris , Smith J. Scott 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe International Agency for Research on Cancer (IRAC) has classified 4(5)‐methylimidazole (4‐MeI) as a group 2B possible human carcinogen. Thus, how 4‐MeI forms in a d‐glucose (Glu) amino acids (AA) model system is important, as it is how browning is affected. An aqueous solution of Glu was mixed individually in equimolar amounts at 3 concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 M) with aqueous solutions of l‐Alanine (Ala), l‐Arginine (Arg), Glycine (Gly), l‐Lysine (Lys), and l‐Serine (Ser). The Glu‐AA mixtures were reacted at 60, 120, and 160 °C for 1 h. The 4‐MeI levels were measured by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry after derivatization with isobutylchloroformate. No 4‐MeI was formed at 60 °C for any treatment combination; however, at 120 °C and 0.05 M, Glu‐Arg and Glu‐Lys produced 0.13 and 0.14 mg/kg of 4‐MeI. At 160 °C and 0.05 M all treatment combinations formed 4‐MeI. At 160 °C and 0.15 M, the observed levels of Glu‐Ala, Glu‐Arg, Glu‐Gly, Glu‐Lys, and Glu‐Ser were 0.21, 1.00, 0.15, 0.22, and 0.16 mg/kg. The AA type, reactant concentrations, and temperature significantly affected (P < 0.001) formation of 4‐MeI as well as browning. Glu‐Lys treatment in all combinations produced the most browning, but Glu‐Arg produced the most 4‐MeI. This method showed that foods processed using low temperatures may have reduced levels of 4‐MeI.
Bony findings detected by MRI may reflect the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis with thumb carpometacarpal joint pain
Authors: Komatsu Masatoshi , Kamimura Mikio , Nakamura Yukio , Mukaiyama Keijiro , Ikegami Shota , Hayashi Masanori , Uchiyama Shigeharu , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common skeletal disease worldwide. Although thumb carpametacarpal joint (CMJ) OA is also frequently encountered, the etiologies remain largely unknown.MethodWe analyzed 20 patients who had thumb CMJ OA with accompanying joint pain and categorized a total of 37 thumbs according to the Eaton and Littler staging system.ResultsIn patients with advanced OA, bone alterations as detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were observed in almost all of the painful joints. The frequency of bone alterations in the thumb CMJ increased with OA severity. In contrast, MRI revealed no bone alterations in thumbs with no pain and less pain in bilateral thumb basal pain, even in radiographically advanced OA.ConclusionsWhile the incidence of bone cysts in the CMJ was higher with OA staging, OA severity had no apparent correlation with pain. Thus, it is possible that the cause of thumb CMJ pain in advanced OA is bone alterations.
The Dietary Flavonoid Rhamnetin Inhibits Both Inflammation and Excitotoxicity During Ethanol Withdrawal in Rat Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures
Authors: Lutz Joseph A. , Carter Megan , Fields Logan , Barron Susan , Littleton John M. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundEthanol (EtOH) causes neurotoxicity via several mechanisms including neuroinflammation (during EtOH exposure), and excitotoxicity (during EtOH withdrawal [EWD]). Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) selective agonists have the potential to reduce both. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective potential of rhamnetin, a dietary flavonoid with alpha7 nAChR selective activity, in an in vitro model of EtOH‐induced neurotoxicity.MethodsThe anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of rhamnetin were assessed in neonatal organotypic hippocampal slice cultures undergoing EWD (or not) and challenged with N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Neurotoxicity was determined using propidium iodide uptake, and the inflammatory response was evaluated by measuring the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐alpha (NO; quantified by ELISA) and nitric oxide (quantified by the Griess reaction) into culture media.ResultsAs predicted, rhamnetin reduced LPS‐induced release of TNF‐alpha and NO both under control conditions and during EWD. Additionally, rhamnetin had no effect on NMDA‐induced neurotoxicity under control conditions, but significantly reduced NMDA toxicity during EWD. In contrast, rhamnetin had no effect on neurotoxicity induced by NMDA and LPS combined despite reducing TNF‐alpha and NO levels under these conditions.ConclusionsRhamnetin is anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective during EWD and therefore has potential value in treating neurotoxicity caused by EtOH.
Predicting the development of liver cirrhosis by simple modelling in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Lens S. , Torres F. , Puigvehi M. , Mariño Z. , Londoño M.‐C. , Martinez S. M. , García‐Juárez I. , García‐Criado Á. , Gilabert R. , Bru C. , Solà R. , Sanchez‐Tapias J. M. , Carrión J. A. , Forns X. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundData are scarce on the natural history of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in patients with mild hepatitis C who did not respond to anti‐viral therapy.AimTo predict the risk of progression to cirrhosis, identifying patients with the more urgent need for therapy with effective anti‐virals.MethodsA cohort of 1289 noncirrhotic CHC patients treated with interferon‐based therapy between 1990 and 2004 in two referral hospitals were followed up for a median of 12 years.ResultsOverall, SVR was achieved in 46.6% of patients. Data from a randomly split sample (n = 832) was used to estimate a model to predict outcomes. Among nonresponders (n = 444), cirrhosis developed in 123 (28%) patients. In this group, the 3, 5 and 10‐year cumulative probabilities of cirrhosis were 4%, 7% and 22%, respectively, compared to <1% in the SVR‐group (P < 0.05). Baseline factors independently associated with progression to cirrhosis in nonresponders were: fibrosis ≥F2, age >40 years, AST >100 IU/L, GGT >40 IU/L. Three logistic regression models that combined these simple variables were highly accurate in predicting the individual risk of developing cirrhosis with areas under the receiving operating characteristic curves (AUC) at 5, 7 and 10 years of ~0.80. The reproducibility of the models in the validation cohort (n = 457, nonresponders = 244), was consistently high.ConclusionsModelling based on simple laboratory and clinical data can accurately identify the individual risk of progression to cirrhosis in nonresponder patients with chronic hepatitis C, becoming a very helpful tool to prioritise the start of oral anti‐viral therapy in clinical practice.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of everolimus in patients with renal angiomyolipoma and tuberous sclerosis complex or lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Budde Klemens , Zonnenberg Bernard A. , Frost Michael , Cheung Wing , Urva Shweta , Brechenmacher Thomas , Stein Karen , Chen David , Kingswood John Christopher , Bissler John J. 
Published: November 2015

AimsThe purpose was to determine the exposure−response relationship of everolimus in patients with angiomyolipoma from the EXIST‐2 trial and to analyze the correlation between exposure and plasma concentrations of angiogenic biomarkers in these patients.MethodsOne hundred and eighteen patients with angiomyolipoma associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) or sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis (sLAM) were randomly assigned 2 : 1 to receive everolimus 10 mg (n = 79) or placebo (n = 39) once daily. Blood samples for determining everolimus concentration were collected at weeks 2, 4, 12, 24 and 48 during double‐blind treatment. Plasma samples for biomarker analysis were collected at baseline and weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, 48 and at the end of treatment. Concentrations of eight angiogenic biomarkers associated with tumour growth were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsPeak and trough concentrations of everolimus in blood remained stable over time and similar to those reported in other indications. Substantial pharmacodynamic effects were observed in the everolimus, but not placebo, arm for three biomarkers: After 24 weeks of treatment, reduction of vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF‐D) and collagen type IV (COL‐IV) (mean fold‐changes with 95% confidence intervals [CI] were 0.36 [0.33, 0.40], and 0.54 [0.51, 0.57], respectively, P < 0.001 for both), along with increased VEGF‐A (mean fold‐change of 1.59 [1.39, 1.80], P < 0.001), were seen. Furthermore, baseline VEGF‐D and COL‐IV levels were associated with angiomyolipoma size at baseline and with angiomyolipoma response to everolimus.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that plasma angiogenic markers may provide an objective measure of patient response to everolimus.
Delineating outcomes of patients with diffuse large b cell lymphoma using the national comprehensive cancer network‐international prognostic index and positron emission tomography‐defined remission status; a population‐based analysis
Authors: Bishton Mark J. , Hughes Simon , Richardson Faith , James Eleanor , Bessell Eric , Sovani Vishakha , Ganatra Rakesh , Haynes Andrew P. , McMillan Andrew K. , Fox Christopher P. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe recently devised National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index (NCCN‐IPI) appears superior to the revised IPI (R‐IPI) in delineating outcome in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. We examined the outcome of a population‐based cohort of 223 consecutive patients treated with R‐CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) or R‐CHOP‐like immuno‐chemotherapy between January 2005 and December 2011 by both the NCCN‐IPI and R‐IPI, and further stratified outcome by the achievement of both computerized tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)‐CT complete remission (CR), with the latter reassessed using blinded central review by an independent nuclear medicine and radiology specialist. The NCCN‐IPI was superior to the R‐IPI in identifying patients at very high risk of systemic and/or central nervous system relapse. Notably, both the NCCN‐IPI and the R‐IPI remained strongly predictive of relapse irrespective of CT or PET‐defined remission status following R‐CHOP. Patients with high‐risk NCCN‐IPI scores (≥6) have a dismal outcome following R‐CHOP therapy regardless of PET‐defined response to R‐CHOP. Moreover, such patients appear refractory to salvage chemotherapy and thus require alternative therapeutic approaches, although age and performance status may, for many patients, preclude the safe delivery of a primary intensified regimen. By contrast, patients with NCCN‐IPI 1–5 who achieve PET‐CR following R‐CHOP have excellent outcomes and may merit reduced follow up frequency.