bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piping dynamics in mid‐altitude mountains under a temperate climate: Bieszczady Mountains, eastern Carpathians
Authors: Bernatek‐Jakiel Anita , Jakiel Michał , Krzemień Kazimierz 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPiping has been recognized as an important geomorphic, soil erosion and hydrologic process. It seems that it is far more widespread than it has often been supposed. However, our knowledge about piping dynamics and its quantification currently relies on a limited number of data for mainly loess‐derived areas and marl badlands. Therefore, this research aimed to recognize piping dynamics in mid‐altitude mountains under a temperate climate, where piping occurs in Cambisols, not previously considered as piping‐prone soils. It has been expressed by the estimation of erosion rates due to piping and elongation of pipes in the Bereźnica Wyżna catchment in the Bieszczady Mountains, eastern Carpathians (305 ha, 188 collapsed pipes). The research was based on the monitoring of selected piping systems (1971–1974, 2013–2016). Changes in soil loss vary significantly between different years (up to 27.36 t ha−1 yr−1), as well as between the mean short‐term erosion rate (up to 13.10 t ha−1 yr−1), and the long‐term (45 years) mean of 1.34 t ha−1 yr−1. The elongation of pipes also differs, from no changes to 36 m during one year. The mean total soil loss is 48.8 t ha−1 in plots, whereas in the whole studied catchment it is 2.0 t ha−1. Hence, piping is both spatially and temporally dependent. The magnitude of piping in the study area is at least three orders of magnitude higher than surface erosion rates (i.e. sheet and rill erosion) under similar land use (grasslands), and it is comparable to the magnitude of surface soil erosion on arable lands. It means that piping constitutes a significant environmental problem and, wherever it occurs, it is an important, or even the main, sediment source. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring gravel augmentation in a large regulated river and implications for process‐based restoration
Authors: Arnaud Fanny , Piégay Hervé , Béal David , Collery Pierre , Vaudor Lise , Rollet Anne‐Julia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe artificial gravel augmentation of river channels is increasingly being used to mitigate the adverse effects of river regulation and sediment starvation. A systematic framework for designing and assessing such gravel augmentations is still lacking, notably on large rivers. Monitoring is required to quantify the movement of augmented gravel, measure bedform changes, assess potential habitat enhancement, and reduce the uncertainty in sediment management. Here we present the results of an experiment conducted in the Rhine River (French and German border). In 2010, 23 000 m3 of sediments (approximately the mean annual bedload transport capacity) were supplied in a by‐passed reach downstream of the Kembs dam to test the feasibility of enhancing sediment transport and bedform changes. A 620‐m‐long and 12‐m‐wide gravel deposit was created 8 km downstream from the dam. Monitoring included topo‐bathymetric surveys, radio‐frequency particle tracking using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, bed grain size measurement, and airborne imagery. Six surveys performed since 2009 have been described (before and after gravel augmentation, and after Q2 and Q15 floods). The key findings are that (i) the augmented gravel was partially dispersed by the first flood event of December 2010 (Q1); (ii) PIT tags were found up to 3200 m downstream of the gravel augmentation site after four years, but the effects of gravel augmentation could not be clearly distinguished from the effects of floods and internal remobilization on more than 3500 m downstream; (iii) linear and log‐linear relationships linking bedload transport, particle mobility, and grain size were established; and (iv) combined bathymetry and PIT tag surveys were useful for evaluating potential environmental risks and the first morpho‐ecological responses. This confirmed the complementary nature of such techniques in the monitoring of gravel augmentation in large rivers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential of a cure in patients with colorectal liver metastases and concomitant extrahepatic disease
Authors: Imai Katsunori , Castro Benitez Carlos , Allard Marc‐Antoine , Vibert Eric , Sa Cunha Antonio , Cherqui Daniel , Castaing Denis , Bismuth Henri , Baba Hideo , Adam René 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESWe aimed to define the cure rate in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) and concomitant extrahepatic disease (EHD) on the 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) after surgery, and identify the factors for predicting a cure.METHODSPatients who underwent hepatectomy for CRLM with concomitant EHD were identified. Those followed for >5 years after surgery were enrolled. A cure was defined as DFS of >5 years after the last curative surgery.RESULTSA cure was achieved in 24/175 (13%) patients (intention‐to‐treat [ITT] cohort), and 22/109 (19%) patients who underwent complete resection for both hepatic and extrahepatic metastases (EHD resection cohort). A multivariate analysis identified primary T1‐2 (relative risk [RR] 47.4, P = 0.0001), metachronous metastasis (RR 4.9, P = 0.026), carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) ≤37 U/mL (RR 8.37, P = 0.015), number of liver and EHD tumors (RR 11.2, P = 0.0058), and non‐incidental EHD diagnosis (RR 8.41, P = 0.018) as independent factors that predicted a cure in the ITT cohort; and primary T1‐2 (RR 22.2, P = 0.013), primary N0 (RR 4.42, P = 0.031), metachronous metastasis (RR 6.48, P = 0.013), and CA19‐9 ≤37 U/mL (RR 27.4, P = 0.012) in the EHD resection cohort.CONCLUSIONSEven when concomitant EHD is present, a potential of cure could be achieved with aggressive oncosurgical approach.
Nocturia treatment outcomes: Analysis of contributory frequency volume chart parameters
Authors: Epstein Matthew , Blaivas Jerry , Wein Alan J. , Weiss Jeffrey P. 
Published: April 2017

AimsOur aim is to determine which changes in frequency volume chart (FVC) parameters are associated with nocturia improvement.MethodsThis is a real life retrospective analysis of FVC's of men who were treated for nocturia and completed at least two 24 h FVC's. Patients were divided into two groups—an improved cohort defined by a decrease of ≥1 nocturnal void from baseline and a non‐improved cohort.ResultsA total of 414 FVC's were analyzed (207 baseline and 207 post treatment) among a cohort of 105 men. Baseline nocturia severity (ANV, 3.5 vs. 2.3, respectively) and nocturnal urine volume (NUV, 880 mL vs. 650 mL) was greater in the improved cohort compared to the non‐improved cohort. The improved cohort had a decreased 24 h volume (−310 vs. +120 mL), and NUV (−290 vs. +170 mL) compared to the non‐improved cohort. At the followup visit, the improved cohort experienced a statistically significant decline in ANV (−1.8 vs. +1.0). No significant difference was seen in baseline 24 h volume or bladder capacity (MVV), though patients in the improved cohort experienced a small decrease in MVV. First uninterrupted sleep period (FUSP) increased significantly in the improved cohort (+1.8 h), and dropped (−0.6 h) in the non‐improved cohort.ConclusionsImprovement in nocturia was associated with a decrease in both 24 h voided volume and NUV, but not MVV, suggesting that improved patients consumed less fluid. The increase in FUSP in the improved cohort demonstrates the potential for nocturia therapies to improve impaired sleep architecture.
Mind‐body medicine and lifestyle modification in supportive cancer care: A cohort study on a day care clinic program for cancer patients
Authors: Jeitler Michael , Jaspers Jessica , von Scheidt Christel , Koch Barbara , Michalsen Andreas , Steckhan Nico , Kessler Christian S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe developed an integrative day care clinic program for cancer patients focusing on mind‐body techniques and health‐promoting lifestyle modification (7‐hour once‐per‐week group sessions over 12 weeks).MethodsA cohort study design with a waiting group was implemented. Outcome parameters were assessed at the beginning, at the end of the active program, and at a 6‐month follow‐up. Patients waiting >4 and <12 weeks before treatment start were allocated to the waiting group and additionally assessed at the start of their day care program. Outcome measures included quality of life (FACT‐G, FACT‐B/C, WHO‐5), fatigue (FACIT‐F), depression/anxiety (HADS), and mood states (ASTS). A per protocol analysis using mixed linear models was performed.ResultsOne hundred patients were screened on‐site for eligibility. Eighty‐six cancer survivors (83% female; mean age 53.7 ± 9.7 years; 49% breast cancer) were included into the study. Sixty‐two patients were allocated to the intervention group and 24 patients, to the waiting group (mean waiting time 5 ± 1 weeks). Sixty‐six data sets were included in the final analysis.Significant improvements were observed in favor of the intervention group after 12 weeks compared with the waiting group at the end of the waiting period for quality of life, anxiety/depression, and fatigue. Results from the 6‐month follow‐up for the whole study population showed lasting improvement of quality of life.ConclusionsThe program can be considered as an effective means to improve quality of life, fatigue, and mental health of cancer patients. Moreover, it appears to have a sustainable effect, which has to be proved in randomized trials.
Cover Image, Volume 73, Issue 5
Authors: Liu Xing‐Hai , Wang Qiao , Sun Zhao‐Hui , Wedge David E , Becnel James J , Estep Alden S , Tan Cheng‐Xia , Weng Jian‐Quan 
Published: April 2017

The cover image of a droplet containing active ingredient applied to the thorax of a female Aedes aegypti adult mosquito is based on the Research Article Synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel pyrimidine derivatives containing urea pharmacophore against Aedes aegypti, by Xing‐Hai Liu et al., DOI: 10.1002/ps.4370.
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Metabolite mapping by consecutive nanostructure and silver‐assisted mass spectrometry imaging on tissue sections
Authors: Gustafsson O. J. R. , Guinan T. M. , Rudd D. , Kobus H. , Benkendorff K. , Voelcker N. H. 
Published: April 2017

RationaleNanostructure‐based mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a promising technology for molecular imaging of small molecules, without the complex chemical background typically encountered in matrix‐assisted molecular imaging approaches. Here, we have enhanced these surfaces with silver (Ag) to provide a second tier of MSI data from a single sample.MethodsMSI data was acquired through the application of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry to biological samples imprinted onto desorption/ionization on silicon (DIOS) substrates. Following initial analysis, ultra‐thin Ag layers were overlaid onto the followed by MSI analysis (Ag‐DIOS MSI). This approach was first demonstrated for fingermark small molecules including environmental contaminants and sebum components. Subsequently, this bimodal method was translated to lipids and metabolites in fore‐stomach sections from a 6‐bromoisatin chemopreventative murine mouse model.ResultsDIOS MSI allowed mapping of common ions in fingermarks as well as 6‐bromoisatin metabolites and lipids in murine fore‐stomach. Furthermore, DIOS MSI was complemented by the Ag‐DIOS MSI of Ag‐adductable lipids such as wax esters in fingermarks and cholesterol in murine fore‐stomach. Gastrointestinal acid condensation products of 6‐bromoisatin, such as the 6,6'‐dibromoindirubin mapped herein, are very challenging to isolate and characterize. By re‐analyzing the same tissue imprints, this metabolite was readily detected by DIOS, placed in a tissue‐specific spatial context, and subsequently overlaid with additional lipid distributions acquired using Ag‐DIOS MSI.ConclusionsThe ability to place metabolite and lipid classes in a tissue‐specific context makes this novel method suited to MSI analyses where the collection of additional information from the same sample maximises resource use, and also maximises the number of annotated small molecules, in particular for metabolites that are typically undetectable with traditional platforms. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Operative Distal Humerus Fractures in Older Patients: Predictors for Early Complications Based on a National Database
Authors: Medvedev Gleb , Wang Charles , Amdur Richard , Neviaser Robert , Neviaser Andrew 
Published: April 2017

Background Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) have both been utilized in the treatment of distal humerus fractures in patients over 65 years of age. Comparisons of early complications between these procedures have not been well described. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study is to evaluate complication rates in the treatment of distal humerus fractures in elderly patients and to utilize prediction models to identify risk factors associated with postoperative complications. Additionally, to compare ORIF and TEA treatment. Methods A retrospective case series was performed by querying the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program for both ORIF and TEA performed for distal humerus fractures in patients over the age of 65 years between 2005 and 2014. We examined both preoperative risk factors and complications within 30 days in these three groups. Results The sample included 216 ORIF and 65 TEA cases. No outcomes examined differed significantly between treatment groups. The most common outcome for both groups was bleeding requiring transfusion (8%). The observed effect size for the association between procedure and the composite morbidity outcome indicated little to no association (phi = 0.004). Furthermore, no presurgery variables were found to be significantly associated with procedure type. The only predictor with a significant independent association with the composite outcome, regardless of procedure type, was ASA class 3/4. Conclusion Clinical complications were low no matter the type of treatment. Low preoperative hematocrit was a risk factor in both ORIF and TEA.
Forest modelling: the gamma shape mixture model and simulation of tree diameter distributions
Authors: Podlaski Rafał 
Published: April 2017

Abstract•Key messageNew types of distribution functions are needed to model the dynamics of stands where important age classes are represented by few trees. In this study the gamma shape mixture model and two simulation methods were used for generating tree diameter data.•ContextTo analyse forest dynamics, it is necessary to know distribution of the characteristics (mainly tree diameters) of trees forming particular developmental phases. In many forest inventories, the measurement of large diameter at breast height (DBH) samples is practically impossible. In this case, DBH distributions can be generated using theoretical models.•AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the precision of the approximation of empirical DBH data using the gamma shape mixture (GSM) model and kernel density estimation. The strengths and weaknesses of the two simulation methods were presented and discussed.•MethodsThe GSM model was adopted to approximate empirical DBH data collected in 20 near-natural stands. Two simulation methods were used: (a) the procedure based on a multimodal distribution and gamma random numbers (MDGR procedure) and (b) MCMC techniques with Metropolis–Hastings sampling (MH method).•ResultsThe GSM model precisely fitted the investigated DBH distributions. The MDGR procedure was slightly more precise than the MH method, especially in the case of the samples of 250 DBHs. The level of homogeneity within the drawn DBH sets was similar for all samples.•ConclusionThe GSM model is very flexible. The DBH random variates, generated with the use of analysed procedures, represented all tree generations being significant from a biological point of view.
The Minimalist State and Donor Landscapes: Livelihood Security in Mali during and after the 2012–2013 Coup and Rebellion
Authors: Moseley William G. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract:Mali’s 2012 coup d’état and subsequent rebellion created much hardship for those living in the northern and southern parts of the country. This article explores the changes that occurred during the period of uncertainty in the country, the role of the minimalist state, and the implications of these conditions for future development initiatives. The way in which Mali muddled through the 2012–2013 period has left two distinct aid landscapes: a heavily militarized northern region where aid from donors is focused on antiterrorism, and a southern zone of free-market intervention facilitated by donors.
The Roles of the Griot in the Future of Mali: A Twenty-First-Century Institutionalization of a Thirteenth-Century Traditional Institution
Authors: Hoffman Barbara G. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract:Every ethnic group in Mali has at least one social category of specialists in conflict mediation and resolution. These are casted groups whose duties include the maintenance of a moral as well as structural social order, even in times of great turmoil. Recent research on the activities of these actors shows that the role of traditional mediator has not vanished, but it has evolved through bureaucratic institutionalization. A thickly described case study of the formation of RECOTRADE, the largest nongovernmental organization of traditional communicators in West Africa, demonstrates how this traditional institution is keeping pace with the political and civil development of the country.
The effect of step stool use and provider height on CPR quality during pediatric cardiac arrest: A simulation-based multicentre study
Authors: Cheng Adam , Lin Yiqun , Nadkarni Vinay , Wan Brandi , Duff Jonathan , Brown Linda , Bhanji Farhan , Kessler David , Tofil Nancy , Hecker Kent , Hunt Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to explore whether a) step stool use is associated with improved cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality; b) provider adjusted height is associated with improved CPR quality; and if associations exist, c) determine whether just-in-time (JIT) CPR training and/or CPR visual feedback attenuates the effect of height and/or step stool use on CPR quality.MethodsWe analysed data from a trial of simulated cardiac arrests with three study arms: No intervention; CPR visual feedback; and JIT CPR training. Step stool use was voluntary. We explored the association between 1) step stool use and CPR quality, and 2) provider adjusted height and CPR quality. Adjusted height was defined as provider height + 23 cm (if step stool was used). Below-average height participants were ≤ gender-specific average height; the remainder were above average height. We assessed for interaction between study arm and both adjusted height and step stool use.ResultsOne hundred twenty-four subjects participated; 1,230 30-second epochs of CPR were analysed. Step stool use was associated with improved compression depth in below-average (female, p=0.007; male, p<0.001) and above-average (female, p=0.001; male, p<0.001) height providers. There is an association between adjusted height and compression depth (p<0.001). Visual feedback attenuated the effect of height (p=0.025) on compression depth; JIT training did not (p=0.918). Visual feedback and JIT training attenuated the effect of step stool use (p<0.001) on compression depth.ConclusionsStep stool use is associated with improved compression depth regardless of height. Increased provider height is associated with improved compression depth, with visual feedback attenuating the effects of height and step stool use.
Cocycle and orbit equivalence superrigidity for coinduced actions
Authors: DRIMBE DANIEL 
Published: April 2017

We prove a cocycle superrigidity theorem for a large class of coinduced actions. In particular, if $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$ is a subgroup of a countable group $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$, we consider a probability measure preserving action $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}\curvearrowright X_{0}$ and let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}\curvearrowright X$ be the coinduced action. Assume either that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ has property (T) or that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$ is amenable and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ is a product of non-amenable groups. Using Popa’s deformation/rigidity theory we prove $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}\curvearrowright X$ is ${\mathcal{U}}_{\text{fin}}$-cocycle superrigid, that is any cocycle for this action to a ${\mathcal{U}}_{\text{fin}}$ (e.g. countable) group ${\mathcal{V}}$ is cohomologous to a homomorphism from $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ to ${\mathcal{V}}.$
Minimal interval exchange transformations with flips
Authors: LINERO BAS ANTONIO , SOLER LÓPEZ GABRIEL 
Published: April 2017

We consider interval exchange transformations of$n$intervals with$k$flips, or$(n,k)$-IETs for short, for positive integers$k,n$with$k\leq n$. Our main result establishes the existence of minimal uniquely ergodic$(n,k)$-IETs when$n\geq 4$; moreover, these IETs are self-induced for$2\leq k\leq n-1$. This result extends the work on transitivity in Gutierrezet al[Transitive circle exchange transformations with flips.Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 26(1) (2010), 251–263]. In order to achieve our objective we make a direct construction; in particular, we use the Rauzy induction to build a periodic Rauzy graph whose associated matrix has a positive power. Then we use a result in the Perron–Frobenius theory [Pullman, A geometric approach to the theory of non-negative matrices.Linear Algebra Appl. 4(1971) 297–312] which allows us to ensure the existence of these minimal self-induced and uniquely ergodic$(n,k)$-IETs,$2\leq k\leq n-1$. We then find other permutations in the same Rauzy class generating minimal uniquely ergodic$(n,1)$- and$(n,n)$-IETs.
Large-scale geometry of homeomorphism groups
Authors: MANN KATHRYN , ROSENDAL CHRISTIAN 
Published: April 2017

Let $M$ be a compact manifold. We show that the identity component $\operatorname{Homeo}_{0}(M)$ of the group of self-homeomorphisms of $M$ has a well-defined quasi-isometry type, and study its large-scale geometry. Through examples, we relate this large-scale geometry to both the topology of $M$ and the dynamics of group actions on $M$. This gives a rich family of examples of non-locally compact groups to which one can apply the large-scale methods developed in previous work of the second author.
What influences postgraduate psychiatric trainees’ attitudes to clinical audit?
Authors: McWilliams S. , Schofield S. 
Published: April 2017

IntroductionClinical audit is an important component of safe and ethical practice but many clinicians cite barriers to engagement in audit.MethodologyA total of 81 basic specialist trainees in psychiatry were surveyed in terms of their basic demographic details and their knowledge, direct experience and attitudes in relation to clinical audit.ResultsAmong the 49 (60.5%) who responded, 57.1% had received formal training in audit, but only 20.4% had received more than four hours of training in their whole career. The median positivity score was 30 out of a possible 54 (range 12–40), suggesting that participating trainees were barely more than ‘undecided’ overall when it comes to positive attitudes to clinical audit. Age, nationality and specific training did not predict attitudes to clinical audit. Gender, years of clinical experience and direct experience of clinical audit did not significantly predict attitudes to clinical audit, but these findings are at odds with some previous research.DiscussionMuch work is needed in improving postgraduate trainees’ attitudes to clinical audit, given that clinical audit is essential for good medical practice. Ours is an initial study of this area of training limited by sample size and the narrowness of the group tested. Further study of other specialities, higher trainees and consultant trainers would further enhance our understanding.