bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genealogia e historicismo crítico: dois modelos de Esclarecimento nos escritos de Horkheimer e Adorno
Authors: Abromeit John 
Published: November 2017

Este artigo sustenta que dois conceitos distintos de Esclarecimento coexistem em tensão na Dialética do esclarecimento de Horkheimer e Adorno. De acordo com o primeiro conceito, genealógico, o Esclarecimento é uma forma confusa de autopreservação que existiu desde a aurora da civilização ocidental. O segundo conceito, historicista crítico, concebe como Esclarecimento os ideais críticos e antiautoritários articulados – mais radicalmente na França do século XVIII – durante o irregular desenvolvimento da sociedade burguesa moderna. Depois de examinar as origens destes dois conceitos nos primeiros escritos de Adorno e Horkheimer, este artigo demonstra porque o primeiro conceito se tornou dominante na Dialética do esclarecimento, ao mesmo tempo apontando traços significativos do segundo conceito que ali permaneceram. Argumenta-se que uma reconsideração do conceito historicista crítico revela um modelo de Teoria Crítica inicial que ainda pode fornecer uma alternativa convincente não apenas para a Dialética do esclarecimento, mas também para as tentativas mais recentes de situar a Teoria Crítica em fundamentos normativos.
A reappraisal of the genera Nannopus Brady, 1880 and Ilyophilus Lilljeborg, 1902 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Nannopodidae) with a description of N. parvipilis sp. nov. from South Korea
Authors: Kim Jong Guk , Choi Hyun Ki , Yoon Seong Myeong 
Published: November 2017

The genera Nannopus Brady, 1880 and Ilyophilus Lilljeborg, 1902 are reappraised based on the characteristic features of a new species, Nannopus parvipilis sp. nov., collected from the brackish mud flat on Jindo Island, South Korea. Nannopus species have long been known as having a two-segmented P3 endopod. However, we discovered N. parvipilis sp. nov. having a one-segmented P3 endopod in accordance with the description of the genus by Brady. It implies that Brady’s generic diagnosis was appropriate and tentatively correct, and such species having a two-segmented P3 endopod but still being placed in Nannopus should be excluded from the genus. The genus Ilyophilus Lilljeborg, 1902, which has been regarded as a junior synonym of Nannopus, is revived to accommodate these Nannopus species. Thus, Nannopus is now composed of only two species, N. palustris and N. parvipilis sp. nov. and Ilyophilus comprises eight species: I. flexibilis Lilljeborg, 1902, I. perplexus Sars, 1909b comb. nov., I. unisegmentatus (Shen & Tai, 1964) comb. nov., I. didelphis (Fiers & Kotwicki, 2013) comb. nov., I. hirsutus (Fiers & Kotwicki, 2013) comb. nov., I. procerus (Fiers & Kotwicki, 2013) comb. nov., I. scaldicola (Fiers & Kotwicki, 2013) comb. nov., and I. ganghwaensis (Vakita, Kihara & Lee, 2016). In addition, N. palustris sensu Canu, 1892, which was commonly considered as representing the criterion of N. palustris, is established as a new species, I. canui sp. nov., based on the characteristic feature of the P3. A detailed description and illustrations of N. parvipilis sp. nov. are provided.
Effect of different substrates on survival and growth of juveniles of the freshwater narrow-clawed crayfish Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 (Decapoda, Astacidae)
Authors: Mazlum Yavuz , Guner Gurlek Ozlem , Sirin Sinem 
Published: November 2017

Substrate is a key factor for successful crayfish culture, and it can be used to increase the survival rate. The effects of substrate on the survival and growth of Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 were evaluated in flow-through compartments, divided into three sections and with two different substrates, over a period of 90 days. The three treatments used in the study were: artificial ropes, small stones, and a control group that received no substrate. The survival rate was highest in the small-stones treatment group (77.3%) and was lowest in the without-substrate treatment group (41.3%), while the artificial-ropes group showed an intermediate value (65.3%). Total yield was lower in the control group, 22.46% (25.0 g) as compared to the small-stones treatment group, with 42.3% (51.3 g) and the artificial-ropes treatment with 35.51% (55.8 g). In addition, cheliped injuries were found in higher proportion in the group without cover, and the artificial ropes yielded better results compared to the small-stones and no-substrate group in regard of the growth-increase rate.
Evaluation of Operational and Experimental Precipitation Algorithms and Microphysical Insights during IPHEx
Authors: Erlingis Jessica M. , Gourley Jonathan J. , Kirstetter Pierre-Emmanuel , Anagnostou Emmanouil N. , Kalogiros John , Anagnostou Marios N. , Petersen Walt 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
During May and June 2014, NOAA X-Pol (NOXP), the National Severe Storms Laboratory’s dual-polarized X-band mobile radar, was deployed to the Pigeon River basin in the Great Smoky Mountains of North Carolina as part of the NASA Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment. Rain gauges and disdrometers were positioned within the basin to verify precipitation estimates from various radar and satellite precipitation algorithms. First, the performance of the Self-Consistent Optimal Parameterization–Microphysics Estimation (SCOP-ME) algorithm for NOXP was examined using ground instrumentation as validation and was found to perform similarly to or slightly outperform other precipitation algorithms over the course of the intensive observation period (IOP). Radar data were also used to examine ridge–valley differences in radar and microphysical parameters for a case of stratiform precipitation passing over the mountains. Inferred coalescence microphysical processes were found to dominate within the upslope region, while a combination of processes were present as the system propagated over the valley. This suggests that enhanced updrafts aided by orographic lift sustain convection over the upslope regions, leading to larger median drop diameters.
The KLIWAS North Sea Climatology. Part I: Processing of the Atmospheric Data
Authors: Sadikni Remon , Schade Nils H. , Andersson Axel , Jahnke-Bornemann Annika , Hinrichs Iris , Gates Lydia , Tinz Birger , Stammer Detlef 
Published: November 2017

AbstractClimatological reference data serve as validation of regional climate models, as the boundary condition for the model runs, and as input for assimilation systems used by reanalyses. Within the framework of the interdisciplinary research program Climate Water Navigation (KLIWAS): Impacts of Climate Change on Waterways and Navigation of the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure, a new climatology of the North Sea and adjacent regions was developed in an joint effort by the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency, the German Weather Service [Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)], and the Integrated Climate Data Center (ICDC) of the University of Hamburg. Long-term records of monthly and annual mean 2-m air temperature, dewpoint temperature, and sea level pressure data from 1950 to 2010 were calculated on a horizontal 1° × 1° grid. All products were based on quality-controlled data from DWD’s Marine Data Centre. Correction methods were implemented for each parameter to reduce the sampling error resulting from the sparse coverage of observations in certain regions. Comparisons between sampling error estimates based on ERA-40 and the climatology products show that the sampling error was reduced effectively. The climatologies are available for download on the ICDC’s website and will be updated regularly regarding new observations and additional parameters. An extension to the Baltic Sea is in progress.
Using an Emergency Department Syndromic Surveillance System to Evaluate Reporting of Potential Rabies Exposures, Illinois, 2013-2015
Authors: Bemis Kelley , Frias Mabel , Patel Megan Toth , Christiansen Demian 
Published: November 2017

Objectives: Mandatory reporting of potential rabies exposures and initiation of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) allow local health authorities to monitor PEP administration for errors. Our objectives were to use an emergency department (ED) syndromic surveillance system to (1) estimate reporting compliance for exposure to rabies in suburban Cook County, Illinois, and (2) initiate interventions to improve reporting and reassess compliance. Methods: We queried ED records from 45 acute care hospitals in Cook County and surrounding areas from January 1, 2013, through June 30, 2015, for chief complaints or discharge diagnoses pertaining to rabies, PEP, or contact with a wild mammal (eg, bat, raccoon, skunk, fox, or coyote). We matched patients with ≥1 ED visit for potential rabies exposure to people with potential rabies exposure reported to the Cook County Department of Public Health. We considered nonmatches to have unreported exposures. We then initiated active surveillance in July 2015, disseminated education on reporting requirements in August and September 2015, and reassessed reporting completeness from July 2015 through February 2016. Results: Of 248 patients with rabies-related ED visits from January 2013 through June 2015, 63 (25.4%) were reported. After interventions were implemented to increase reporting compliance, 53 of 98 (54.1%) patients with rabies-related ED visits from July 2015 through February 2016 were reported. Patients with ED visits for potential rabies exposure were twice as likely to be reported postintervention than preintervention (risk ratio = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-2.8). The volume of potential rabies exposure cases reported to the health department from July 2015 through February 2016 increased by 252% versus the previous year. Conclusions: Potential rabies exposures and PEP initiation are underreported in suburban Cook County. ED syndromic surveillance records can be used to estimate reporting compliance and conduct active surveillance.
Participation of marginalised sections in Gram Sabha: Rhetoric and reality
Authors: Chandra K- Suman , Annamalai V. 
Published: November 2017

The devolution process of democracy to people in the real sense should mean that the ‘Panchayat’ functions as the executive body to give concrete shape to the wishes and aspirations of the village community as represented by the Gram Sabha. The objective of the Panchayati Raj, thus, is to establish a participatory democracy so that at the village level, the Gram Sabha, consisting of all adult residents of the village, should not only deliberate, but also participate in the Gram Panchayat in planning and implementing various programmes for economic development and social justice. On the basis of the experiences derived from the functioning of the Panchayati Raj system over the years it was felt that it needs constitutional backing with main thrust on reservation to marginalized sections and participation of people through Gram Sabha and hence resulted in 73rd Amendment. But inspite of 73rd Amendment there are a number of social hurdles in terms of political space for everyone to participate equally. A ripple has been created by the spirit of 73rd Constitutional Amendment in terms of reservation of seats and ensuring of regular conduct of Gram Sabha and attendance. This has created counter waves against existing dominant forces in rural areas. A new “social dynamism” is likely to surface if the people actively participate in Gram Sabhas. Reservations for weaker sections at the grass root level built into the system will operationalise only when there is a congenial atmosphere and cooperation among the people. Inspite of the limitations this will help the marginalized sections to move up the ladder in governing their own affairs in the rural areas. Keeping in view of the above facts few recommendations/ suggestions are made in this paper, which will help, in better ensuring of participation of weaker sections in gram sabha. The difficulties of implementation of the provisions of 73rd Amendment should not deter us from finding solutions to make sure that marginalised sections will have their due say in the process of direct democracy.
Displacement from Protected Areas and its implications for conservation and livelihoods-The case of Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Arpan 
Published: November 2017

The designation of Protected Areas (PAs) for biodiversity conservation has had negative implications for communities that derive their sustenance from such areas. Apart from restrictions on resource use, there have also been instances of people being displaced from areas that they had inhabited and that had been designated subsequently as PAs. Movements for greater justice and rights of marginal communities, have been iing the destitution that displacement wreaks on communities, particularly tribals. The present paper describes in detail, an ongoing resettlement and rehabilitation (R&R) exercise from the Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh in terms of the rehabilitation package offered and the process of R&R. It also discusses the impacts that the displacement has had on the lives of the community in question. Finally, the implications of such relocation attempts for wildlife conservation are discussed. While the rehabilitation package offered in the case of Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, as well as the overall attitude of the agency that carried out the relocation, seems to have been a significant improvement over previously recorded instances of such exercises, it emerges that displacement has nevertheless had a significant negative impact on the livelihood of the people, at least in the short run. So far, the R&R exercise has been unsatisfactory with respect to several aspects such as identification of suitable land for resettlement, comprehensive inclusion of beneficiary families, assistance to tide over uncertain agricultural output and incomes during the relocation period, provision of alternatives to fodder and non-timber forest resources previously available from forests and creation of communications and road networks for resettled villages. It would require sustained investments by government and non-government agencies, in the medium to long run, for the displaced community to be able to reconstruct livelihoods and regain socio-economic levels that prevailed inside the sanctuary. An important lesson emerging from the Kuno experience is that trauma to the community could be mitigated if the implementing agency concentrates right from the start on genuine mobilisation, and investment in building the community's capacity to deal with the drastic changes that displacement entails.
Minimising the risk of Mycobacterium chimaera infection during cardiopulmonary bypass by the removal of heater-cooler units from the operating room
Authors: Barker Thomas A. , Dandekar Uday , Fraser Nina , Dawkin Lincoln , Sweeney Paul , Heron Fraser , Simmons Jacqui , Parmar Jitendra 
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Mycobacterium chimaera ( M. chimaera) is a recently characterised bacterium that can cause life-threatening infections in small numbers of patients who undergo cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery. The likely mode of transmission is thought to occur through aerosolisation from contaminated water reservoirs. The airborne bacteria then contaminate the surgical field, leading to an infection months or even years later. The preferred practical solution to disrupt the transmission of these airborne bacteria to the patient is to remove the heater-cooler units (HCUs) from the operating room (OR). We describe a process of achieving this in order to provide information to guide other institutions who wish to do a similar thing. Methods: A multidisciplinary team was assembled to work on the project. The planning phase involved trialling different OR layouts and simulating the alterations in the HCU circuit function. The changes to the OR were made over a weekend to minimise disruption to the operating schedule. Results: The HCU was moved to the dirty utility room adjacent to the OR. Standard operating procedures (SOP) and risk assessments were made to enable this to be used for a dual purpose. One of the ORs was reconfigured to allow the cardiopulmonary bypass machine to be located close to the HCU in the dirty utility room. The total cost of the alterations was £6,158. Although we have provided a physical barrier to interrupt patient exposure to aerosolised M. chimaera from HCUs, we continue to perform cultures and decontamination as per the national recommendations. The SOP was designed to be auditable to ensure compliance with the protocols. Conclusions: We show a method by which the HCU can be removed from the OR in a relatively low-cost, straightforward and practical manner.
Effects of contrast-enhancement on diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient measurements in 3-T magnetic resonance imaging of breast lesions
Authors: Cipolla Valentina , Guerrieri Daniele , Bonito Giacomo , Celsa Simone , de Felice Carlo 
Published: November 2017

Background The effect of gadolinium-based contrast agents on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) measurements of breast lesions is still not clear. Purpose To investigate gadolinium effects on DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in breast lesions and normal parenchyma with 3 Tesla contrast-enhanced MRI. Material and Methods Pre- and post-contrast DWI (b = 0 and b = 1000 s/mm2) were acquired in 47 patients. Measured ADC values, pre- and post-contrast T2 signal intensity (T2 SI) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank and rank-sum test ( P < 0.05). Results Post-contrast ADC was reduced only in malignant lesions (−34%), T2 SI was reduced both in malignant (−50%) and benign (−36%) lesions. Post-contrast CNR was reduced in all groups except for benign lesions. Conclusion Gadolinium-based contrast agent causes a significant reduction in ADC values of malignant breast lesions.
School Dropout and Conduct Disorder in Brazilian Elementary School Students
Authors: Tramontina Silzá , Martins Silvia , Michalowski Mariana B , Ketzer Carla R , Eizirik Mariana , Biederman Joseph , Rohde Luis A 
Published: November 2017

Objectives: To evaluate the association between DSM-IV conduct disorder (CD) and school dropout in a sample of students from the third and fourth elementary grades at state schools in the capital of the southernmost state of Brazil. Methods: In this case-control study, students that dropped out of schools ( n = 44) and a control group who continued attending schools ( n = 44) were assessed for CD and other prevalent mental disorders, using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children, Epidemiological Version (K-SADS-E). Results: The prevalence of DSM-IV CD was significantly higher in the school-dropout group than in control subjects ( P < 0.001), both in the entire sample and in a subsample including only subjects under age 12 years ( P = 0.001). Also, the odds ratio (OR) for school dropout was significantly higher in the presence of DSM-IV CD, even after controlling for potential confounding factors (age, estimated IQ, school repetition, family structure, and income) ( P < 0.01). Conclusion: Our results extend to children and young adolescents previous findings from studies of older adolescents, suggesting an association between school dropout and CD.
Chitosan-based coatings in the prevention of intravascular catheter-associated infections
Authors: Mendoza Gracia , Regiel-Futyra Anna , Tamayo Alejandra , Monzon Marta , Irusta Silvia , de Gregorio Miguel Angel , Kyzioł Agnieszka , Arruebo Manuel 
Published: November 2017

Central venous access devices play an important role in patients with prolonged intravenous administration requirements. In the last years, the coating of these devices with bactericidal compounds has emerged as a potential tool to prevent bacterial colonization. Our study describes the modification of 3D-printed reservoirs and silicone-based catheters, mimicking central venous access devices, through different approaches including their coating with the well known biocompatible and bactericidal polymer chitosan, with the anionic polysaccharide alginate; also, plasma treated surfaces were included in the study to promote polymer adhesion. The evaluation of the antimicrobial action of those surface modifications compared to that exerted by a model antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) adsorbed on the surface of the devices was carried out. Surface characterization was developed by different methodologies and the bactericidal effects of the different coatings were assayed in an in vitro model of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Our results showed a significant reduction in the reservoir roughness (≤73%) after coating though no changes were observed for coated catheters which was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, pointing to the importance of the surface device topography for the successful attachment of the coating and for the subsequent development of bactericidal effects. Furthermore, the single presence of chitosan on the reservoirs was enough to fully inhibit bacterial growth exerting the same efficiency as that showed by the model antibiotic. Importantly, chitosan coating showed low cytotoxicity against human keratinocytes, human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells, and murine colon carcinoma cells displaying viability percentages in the range of the control samples (>95%). Chitosan-based coatings are proposed as an effective and promising solution in the prevention of microbial infections associated to medical devices.
First Metatarsal Head Osteochondral Defect Treatment With Particulated Juvenile Cartilage Allograft Transplantation: A Case Series
Authors: Van Dyke Bryan , Berlet Gregory C. , Daigre Justin L. , Hyer Christopher F. , Philbin Terrence M. 
Published: November 2017

Background: Focal damage to articular cartilage, also called an osteochondral defect (OCD), can be a cause of pain and decreased range of motion. Recent advancements have led to transplantation techniques using particulated juvenile articular cartilage allograft. This technique has been applied to the first metatarsal head to a very limited degree, with no published results to our knowledge. The aim of this study was to review the clinical results of patients who underwent particulated juvenile cartilage allograft implantation for first metatarsal head OCDs. Methods: We performed a retrospective consecutive case series study. Nine patients, at an average age of 41 years, were treated for symptomatic focal osteochondral defects of the first metatarsal head with particulate cartilage grafting from 2010 to 2016. Patients were contacted by phone to assess interest in returning to the office for follow-up, where weightbearing radiographs of the foot were obtained and a foot examination was performed. Results: At an average follow-up of 3.3 years, 7 of 9 patients reported no pain with recreational activities and no patient required further operations. This patient cohort was physically active, with 6 of 9 listing running as a regular activity. The average overall American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Scale questionnaire score was 85 (maximum 100), AOFAS pain 35.6 (maximum 40), and AOFAS function 40.1 (maximum 45). Patient satisfaction surveys correlated with the AOFAS scores and revealed that 7 of 9 patients were very satisfied with their results, 1 was satisfied, and 1 patient was very dissatisfied. Conclusion: Particulated juvenile cartilage allograft transplantation is a promising treatment option for symptomatic first metatarsophalangeal focal articular cartilage lesions. Further study is needed to demonstrate which lesions respond better to this type of cartilage graft versus traditional marrow-stimulating procedures. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.