bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delusional parasitosis: a practical guide for the family practitioner in evaluation and treatment strategies
Authors: Winsten Michael 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Delusional parasitosis (DP) is a psychiatric syndrome in which the patient falsely believes he or she is infested with parasites despite clear evidence to the contrary. Patients with DP generally think that mites, lice, or other insects have invaded their skin and most frequently seek treatment from dermatologists or family practitioners. These patients are usually reluctant to seek psychiatric care or to accept a referral to a psychiatrist. This article provides a comprehensive biopsychosocial understandingof the complexities of DP and suggests a practical strategy for evaluation and treatment by the family practitioner. Treatment with antipsychotic drugs, such as pimozide, is discussed as is a treatment team approach involving a psychiatrist, dermatologist, and family practitioner.
Multi‐Photon 3D Laser Micro‐Printed Plastic Scintillators for Applications in Low‐Energy Particle Physics
Authors: Weinacker Jannis , Kalt Sebastian , Huber Anton , Gutknecht Nathanael , Schneider Jonathan Ludwig Günter , Bojanowski Niclas Maximilian , Geigle Tom , Steidl Markus , Wegener Martin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPlastic scintillators are inexpensive to manufacture and therefore a popular alternative to inorganic crystalline scintillators. For many applications, their advantages outweigh their lower light yield. Additionally, it is easier to structure plastic scintillators with well‐developed processing techniques which is of growing relevance in modern applications. One technique to structure plastic material is 3D printing, with noteworthy recent advances in one‐photon‐based approaches. However, some applications require high spatial resolution and optically smooth surfaces, which can be achieved by multi‐photon 3D laser micro‐printing. One application example is the improvement of sensitivity of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. This improvement can be realized by printing a 3D scintillator structure as an active transverse energy filter directly onto the detector. Herein, the first two‐photon printable plastic scintillator providing a printing resolution in the micrometer regime is presented. Using the benefits of two‐photon grayscale lithography, optical‐grade surfaces are achieved. The light output is estimated to be 930 photons MeV−1. A prototype structure printed directly on a single‐photon avalanche diode array is demonstrated.
Electronically Inverted Perovskite‐Type Co‐catalyst as a Universal Platform for Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Huang Hanlin , Chen Zheyan , Yang Yalin , Lin Yushuang , Fan Yuelu , Wu Xiaodong , Ji Yuanxin , Wang Yutian , Yang Chengkai , Yu Yan , Zou Zhigang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCo‐catalysts are commonly employed as catalytic centers to activate reactants and intermediates for driving redox reactions with photogenerated carriers during photocatalysis. Herein, a group of electronically inverted perovskite‐type nitrides CuxIn1−xNNi3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are reported as novel and versatile co‐catalysts for the significantly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production performance on various photocatalysts, such as metal sulfides (CdS, ZnIn2S4), carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), and metal oxide (TiO2), respectively. The hybrid photocatalyst Cu0.5In0.5NNi3/CdS exhibits an optimal activity up to 6945 µmol g−1 h−1 and a remarkable enhancement factor of 6146% compared with that of pristine CdS. Besides, a high reaction stability with repetitive photocatalytic cycles is achieved. The obvious improvement of activity can be ascribed to the promoted charge separation of energetic carriers due to the metallic properties of CuxIn1−xNNi3 and abundant Ni active sites. A near‐zero Gibbs free energy of adsorbed atomic hydrogen on the Ni‐site is thermodynamically favorable for hydrogen evolution, which can be regulated by electronic states of A‐sites (Cu/In). This work not only demonstrates the great potential of perovskite‐structured nitrides as a universal platform for enhanced photocatalysis but also addresses the importance of exploring new catalytic applications for unique perovskite‐derivatives with cations/anions exchanged in coordinated sites of polyhedral.
Mimicomes: Mimicking Multienzyme System by Artificial Design
Authors: Cao Haolin , Jiang Jing , Chen Lei , Gao Lizeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnzymes are widely distributed in organelles of cells, which are capable of carrying out specific catalytic reactions. In general, several enzymes collaborate to facilitate complex reactions and engage in vital biochemical processes within cells, which are also called cascade systems. The cascade systems are highly efficient, and their dysfunction is associated with a multitude of endogenous diseases. The advent of nanotechnology makes it possible to mimic these cascade systems in nature and realize partial functions of natural biological processes both in vitro and in vivo. To emphasize the significance of artificial cascade systems, mimicomes is first proposed, a new concept that refers to the artificial cascade catalytic systems. Typically, mimicomes are able to mimic specific natural biochemical catalytic processes or facilitate the overall catalytic efficiency of cascade systems. Subsequently, the evolution and development of different types of mimicomes in recent decades are elucidated exhaustedly, from the natural enzyme‐based mimicomes (immobilized enzyme and vesicle mimicomes) to the nanozyme‐based mimicomes and enzyme‐nanozyme hybrid mimicomes. In conclusion, the remaining challenges in the design of multifunctional mimicomes and their potential applications are summarized, offering insights into their future prospects.
Seed‐Mediated Growth and Advanced Characterization of Chiral Gold Nanorods
Authors: Ni Bing , González‐Rubio Guillermo , Van Gordon Kyle , Bals Sara , Kotov Nicholas A. , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe controlled growth of gold nanostructures with complex shapes and reduced symmetry, exemplified by chiral gold nanorods and nanoparticles, is one of the most dynamic fields of nanochemistry. A timely summary of underlying concepts, including growth mechanisms and redefined chirality measures, would further promote this research area. In this perspective, we aim to establish qualitative connections between the chiral shapes and growth conditions, specifically for the seed‐mediated synthesis of chiral gold nanorods as a convenient case of chiral morphogenesis. The crystallographic and morphological features of achiral nanorods used as seeds, the experimental conditions during chiral growth, and the symmetry of the chiral inducers, can all be exploited to obtain nanorods with intricate chiral shapes. Chirality characterization (such as electron tomography techniques) and quantification (including chirality measures) emerge as critical aspects to comprehensively explore and understand such structures, enabling optimization of their geometric and optical features. We conclude by discussing relevant challenges to be addressed toward a better controlled synthesis of chiral plasmonic nanostructures.
Boosted Persulfate Activation Using Ba2CoMnO5 and LDH/CaCO3 for Amoxicillin Degradation: A Comparative Study
Authors: Malefane Mope Edwin , Mafa Potlako John , Managa Muthumuni , Nkambule Thabo Thokozani Innocent , Kuvarega Alex Tawanda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSulfate radicals based advanced oxidation processes (SR‐AOPs) have gained attention recently due to their high mineralization capability in environmental remediation. The high persulfate (PS) activation activity of cobalt‐based semiconductors has epitomized them as preferred catalysts for SR‐AOPs but shortcomings such as leaching, and loss of catalytic active sites limit their applicability. Herein, two different strategies are employed to minimize leaching and improve charge transportation and separation for efficient PS activation under visible light irradiation using LDH/CaCO3/PS and Ba2CoMnO5/PS AOP systems synthesized by solid state method. LDH/CaCO3/PS achieved 17.9% higher reaction rate than Ba2CoMnO5/PS for degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) with higher TOC mineralization efficacy. Despite SO4•− and OH• existence and involvement in both systems, the degradation pathways mapped from QTOF‐HPLC‐MS data demonstrated formation of different pathways during AMX mineralization. This work demonstrates novel fabrication of brownmillerite double layered perovskite and insulator supported LDH for environmental pollution remediation.
Octopus‐Inspired Adhesives with Switchable Attachment to Challenging Underwater Surfaces
Authors: Lee Chanhong , Via Austin C. , Heredia Aldo , Adjei Daniel A. , Bartlett Michael D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdhesives that excel in wet or underwater environments are critical for applications ranging from healthcare and underwater robotics to infrastructure repair. However, achieving strong attachment and controlled release on difficult substrates, such as those that are curved, rough, or located in diverse fluid environments, remains a major challenge. Here, an octopus‐inspired adhesive with strong attachment and rapid release in challenging underwater environments is presented. Inspired by the octopus's infundibulum structure, a compliant, curved stalk, and an active deformable membrane for multi‐surface adhesion are utilized. The stalk's curved shape enhances conformal contact on large‐scale curvatures and increases contact stress for adaptability to small‐scale roughness. These synergistic mechanisms improve contact across multiple length scales, resulting in switching ratios of over 1000 within ≈30 ms with consistent attachment strength of over 60 kPa on diverse surfaces and conditions. These adhesives are demonstrated through the robust attachment and precise manipulation of rough underwater objects.
Designing Isocyanate‐Containing Elastomeric Electrolytes for Antioxidative Interphases in 4.7 V Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Kim Seongmin , Lee Michael J. , Kwon Seung Ho , Park Jinseok , Byun Youyoung , Choi Jaeyoung , Seong Hyeonseok , Kwon Hyun Soo , Lee Eunji , Lee Seung Woo , Kim Bumjoon J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo facilitate the use of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with high‐nickel (Ni) cathodes in high‐voltage lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs), it is crucial to address the challenges of low oxidative stability and the formation of vulnerable interphases. In this study, isocyanate groups (−N═C═O) are incorporated to develop an SPE with a bi‐continuous structure, consisting of elastomeric and plastic crystal phases. This rationally designed SPE exhibits high ionic conductivity (0.9 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C), excellent elasticity (elongation at break of 330%), and enhanced oxidative stability (over 4.8 V vs. Li/Li⁺). A full cell, incorporating this SPE with a thin Li foil of 40 µm, and a high‐Ni LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode operating at 4.7 V vs. Li/Li⁺, demonstrates excellent cyclability, retaining 70% of its initial capacity after 200 cycles under a high C‐rate of 1C at 25 °C. The extended cycling of isocyanate‐containing SPE at 4.7 V vs. Li/Li⁺ is attributed to robust and compact inorganic‐rich interphases enabled by antioxidative −N−C═O components, as well as uniform Li deposition attributed to the bi‐continuous structured SPE. This study suggests that the isocyanate‐containing SPE system is a promising candidate for high‐voltage solid‐state LMBs by constructing stable interphases.
Utilization of Lipase‐Catalyzed Acetylation and Deacetylation in the Synthesis of a Natural Product with a Hydroquinone Skeleton
Authors: Sugai Takeshi , Honda Keiko , Hashimoto Riichi , Hanaya Kengo , Higashibayashi Shuhei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElaborated conditions for lipase‐catalyzed preferential monoacetylation enabled the large‐scale preparation of hydroquinone monoacetate. This product was then applied to the synthesis of tournefolin B, a highly oxygenated prenylated hydroquinone of plant origin (Tournefortia sarmentosa Lam.). During the course of the synthetic transformations, lipase‐catalyzed deacetylation under mild conditions was demonstrated.
‘Invisible’ Molecular Dynamics Revealed for a Conformationally Chiral π‐Stacked Perylene Bisimide Foldamer
Authors: Teichmann Ben , Sárosi Menyhárt , Shoyama Kazutaka , Niyas M. A. , Dubey Rajeev K. , Würthner Frank 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhilst energetic and kinetic aspects of folding processes are meanwhile well understood for natural biomacromolecules, the folding dynamics in so far studied artificial foldamer counterparts remain largely unexplored. This is due to the low energy barriers between their conformational isomers that make the dynamic processes undetectable with conventional methods such as UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopy, making such processes ‘invisible’. Here we present an asymmetric perylene bisimide dimer (bis‐PBI 1) that possesses conformational chirality in its folded state. Owing to the large interconversion barrier (≥116 kJ mol−1), four stereoisomers could be separated and isolated. Since the interconversion between these stereoisomers requires the foldamer to first open and then to re‐fold, the transformation of one stereoisomer into others allowed us to ‘visualize’ the dynamics of folding with time and determine its lifetimes and the energetic barriers associated with the folding process. Supported by quantum chemical calculations, we identified the open structure to be only a fleetingly metastable state of higher energy. Our experimental observation of the kinetics associated with the molecular dynamics in the PBI foldamer advances the fundamental understanding of folding in synthetic foldamers and paves the way for the design of smart functional materials.
In‐Situ Self‐Respiratory Solid‐to‐Hydrogel Electrolyte Interface Evoked Well‐Distributed Deposition on Zinc Anode for Highly Reversible Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yifan , Chen Zhiyuan , Gao Xuan , Dong Haobo , Zhao Xiaoyu , He Guanjie , Yang Hui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIB) have emerged as a promising technology in the realm of electrochemical energy storage. Despite its potential advantages in terms of safety, cost‐effectiveness, and inherent safety, AZIB faces significant challenges. Issues attributed to unsupported thermodynamics and non‐uniform potential distribution and deposition, present formidable obstacles that necessitate resolution. To tackle these challenges, a novel strategy adapting hybrid organic–inorganic in situ derived solid‐to‐hydrogel electrolyte interface (StHEI) has been developed from coordination reactions and self‐respiratory process, establishing uniform diffusion channels by ion bridges and accelerating ion transport. Self‐respiratory pattern of StHEI realized through in situ inorganic component conversion further prolongs the protecting duration, which effectively mitigates corrosion and passivation but enhance the mechanical properties of the StHEI measured through Young's modulus. This novel StHEI promotes well‐distributed potential lines within the Helmholtz regions. Zn2+ are finally induced to deposit and nucleate in a compact, fine, and uniform manner. Asymmetrical batteries assembled with the modified Zn electrode and bare Zn exhibit exceptional stability over 3000 h (1 mA cm−2–0.5 mAh cm−2). The asymmetrical Cu//Zn cell achieved an outstanding average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.6 % over 1200 cycles.
In Situ Stimulus Response Study on the Acetylene/Ethylene Purification Process in MOFs
Authors: Cai Li‐Zhen , Yu Xu‐Ying , Wang Ming‐Sheng , Yuan Da‐Qiang , Chen Wen‐Fa , Wu Ming‐Yan , Guo Guo‐Cong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEfficient removal of acetylene (C2H2) impurities from polymer‐grade ethylene (C2H4) in a simple, clean manner remains a challenging goal in industry. The use of porous materials such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is promising for this aim but the acquisition of high purification performance is still hindered by few knowledge on the purification process because the previous conclusions were derived basically from the non‐breakthrough tests or ignored the influence of structural difference (crystal structure, morphology, or defect). Here we propose an unprecedented in situ stimulus response strategy to minimize the influence of structural difference, obtain the gas‐loading crystal structures of the same MOF before and after light or heat stimulation, directly observe the evolution of pore charge distribution and pore⋅⋅⋅gas interactions under light/heat induction, and finally summarizes the favorable structure for highly efficient purification of C2H4. This study opens a new route to understand the relationship between the structure and separation performance for porous materials.
Monofluorinated Phosphate with Unique P−F Bond for Nonflammable and Long‐Life Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yuankun , Zhao Yintong , Zhang Shu , Shang Long , Ni Youxuan , Lu Yong , Li Yixin , Yan Zhenhua , Miao Zhiwei , Chen Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with conventional carbonate‐based electrolytes suffer from safety concerns in large‐scale applications. Phosphates feature high flame retardancy but are incompatible with graphite anode due to their inability to form a passivated solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, we report a monofluorinated co‐solvent, diethyl fluoridophosphate (DEFP), featuring a unique P−F bond that allows a trade‐off between safety and electrochemical performance in LIBs. The P−F bond in DEFP weakens ion‐dipole interactions with Li+ ions, lowering the desolvation barrier, and simultaneously reduces the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of DEFP, promoting the formation of a robust and inorganic‐rich SEI. Additionally, DEFP exhibits improved thermal stability due to both robust SEI and the inherent flame‐retardant properties of the P−F bond. Consequently, the optimized DEFP‐based electrolyte exhibits improved cyclability and rate capacity in LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2||graphite full cells compared with triethyl phosphate‐based electrolytes and commercial carbonate electrolytes. Even at a low E/C ratio of 3.45 g Ah−1, the 1.16 Ah NCM811||Gr pouch cells achieve a high capacity retention of 94.2 % after 200 cycles. This work provides a promising approach to decouple phosphate safety and graphite compatibility, paving the way for safer and high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries.
MicroRNA‐Triggered Programmable DNA‐Encoded Pre‐PROTACs for Cell‐Selective and Controlled Protein Degradation
Authors: Zhan Jiayin , Li Xiang , Feng Zhe , Liu Zheng , Feng Zhiyuan , Zhu Jun‐Jie , Zhang Jingjing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have accelerated drug development; however, some challenges still exist owing to their lack of tumor selectivity and on‐demand protein degradation. Here, we developed a miRNA‐initiated assembled pre‐PROTAC (miRiaTAC) platform that enables the on‐demand activation and termination of target degradation in a cell type‐specific manner. Using miRNA‐21 as a model, we engineered DNA hairpins labeled with JQ‐1 and pomalidomide and facilitated the modular assembly of DNA‐encoded pre‐PROTACs through a hybridization chain reaction. This configuration promoted the selective polyubiquitination and degradation of BRD4 upon miR‐21 initiation, highlighting significant tumor selectivity and minimal systemic toxicity. Furthermore, the platform incorporates photolabile groups, enabling the precise optical control of pre‐PROTACs during DNA assembly/disassembly, mitigating the risk of excessive protein degradation. Additionally, by introducing a secondary ligand targeting CDK6, these pre‐PROTACs were used as a modular scaffold for the programmable assembly of active miRiaTACs containing two different warheads in exact stoichiometry, enabling orthogonal multitarget degradation. The integration of near‐infrared light‐mediated photodynamic therapy through an upconversion nanosystem further enhanced the efficacy of the platform with potent in vivo anticancer activity. We anticipate that miRiaTAC represents a significant intersection between dynamic DNA nanotechnology and PROTAC, potentially expanding the versatility of PROTAC toolkit for cancer therapy.
Of tusks and trunks: A review of craniofacial evolutionary anatomy in elephants and extinct Proboscidea
Authors: Nabavizadeh Ali 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile being the largest living terrestrial mammals, elephants are best known for their highly modified and uniquely elaborate craniofacial anatomy—most notably with respect to their often‐massive tusks and intricately muscular, multifunctional proboscis (i.e., trunk). For over a century, studies of extinct proboscidean relatives of today's elephants have presented hypotheses regarding the evolutionary history of the crania and tusks of these animals and their bearing on the evolution of the proboscis. Herein, I explore major functional characteristics of the proboscidean head. I give a brief review of the anatomy of tusks and dentition, the feeding apparatus, and proboscis in extant elephants and explore their overall bearing in elephant feeding behavior as well as other aspects of their ecology. I also review the evolution of the proboscidean head, with a synthetic analysis of studies and further speculation exploring the interconnected evolutionary roles of tusk morphology and use, feeding anatomy and functional implications thereof, and proboscis anatomy and use in the ancestry of elephants. Notable emphasis is given to the evolutionary role of initial elongation of the mandibular symphysis in the development of the proboscis in many proboscideans. Subsequent secondary shortening of the symphysis and elevation of the temporal region and occiput allowed for a pendulous trunk and proal feeding in living elephants and other proboscidean groups with highly lophodont dentition.
Atomically Precise Fluorescent Gold Nanocluster as a Barrier‐Permeable and Brain‐Specific Imaging Probe
Authors: Nair Lakshmi V. , Nair Resmi V. , Ahmad Lone Bilal , Shenoy Sachin J. , Jayasree Ramapurath S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhotonic nanomaterials play a crucial role in facilitating the necessary signal for optical brain imaging, presenting a promising avenue for early diagnosis of brain‐related disorders. However, the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant challenge, blocking the entry of most molecules or materials from the bloodstream into the brain. To overcome this, photonic nanocrystals in the form of gold clusters (LAuC) with size less than 3 nm, have been developed, with Levodopa conjugated to LAuC (Dop@LAuC) for targeted brain imaging. Dop@LAuC crosses the BBB and emits in the near‐infrared (NIR) wavelength, enabling real‐time optical brain imaging. An in vitro BBB model using brain endothelial cells showed that 50 % of Dop@LAuC crossed the barrier within 3 hours, compared to only 10 % of LAuC, highlighting the enhanced ability of L‐dopa‐conjugated gold clusters to penetrate the BBB. In vivo optical imaging in healthy mice further confirmed the material's efficacy to cross BBB without compromising the barrier integrity.