bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More than meets the eye: the changing face of histopathology
Authors: Underwood James C E 
Published: December 2016

This personal reflection on trends in histopathology over the past 50 years draws upon experience of professional training and practice in the specialty in the UK. Developments during this period often resulted from new therapies (and their adverse effects) necessitating greater precision in the histopathological classification of disease, for which morphology alone can be insufficient. Conversely, histopathology has contributed to advances in our understanding of disease, leading directly to novel and more effective treatments. New infections, some involving histopathology in their discovery, have also led to fresh diagnostic challenges. Increasingly, patients have benefited from fundamental changes in professionalism in pathology. Through audit, external quality assurance, continuing professional development, standardized reporting, and increasing specialization, the consistency and reliability of histopathological diagnoses have steadily improved. Regarding the specialty's future, some now see rivalry between the morphological and molecular approaches to diagnosis and classification, particularly for neoplastic disease. An integrated strategy led by the specialty is more likely to strengthen histopathology and ultimately to have the greatest benefit for patients.
External and Macroeconomic Adjustment in the Larger Euro‐Area Countries
Authors: Angelini Elena , Ca’ Zorzi Michele , Forster van Aerssen Katrin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA balanced current account in the euro area has disguised sizable imbalances at the country level, exposing the common currency area to severe pressures during the financial crisis. The key contribution of this paper is to evaluate the adjustment process using the New Multi Country Model (NMCM) at the country and sectoral levels. The model suggests that a recovery in wage competitiveness reduces external deficits but has only mildly expansionary effects at the cost of higher net borrowing by households. It also suggests that the impact of an aggregate demand shock in Germany is not enough to lead to a rebound in economic activity and address external imbalances in the rest of the euro area. Finally, the presence of supportive external conditions, while facilitating the implementation of vital reforms, would not necessarily unravel intra‐euro‐area imbalances.
Bringing Coals to Newcastle
Authors: Ryan Louise M. , Wand Matt P. , Malecki Alan A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Making effective public policy decisions is challenging at the best of times, but especially in the context of environmental regulation, which typically requires managing opposing interests and strong opinions from industry and private citizens. In this case study, Louise Ryan, Matt Wand and Alan Malecki show how statistical analysis can help resolve conflict and inform effective decision-making under uncertainty
Effects of corn steep water pretreatment on the rheological and microstructural properties of Ga‐kenkey
Authors: Saalia Firibu Kwesi , Amponsah Amma Konadu , Asante Nii Darko , Owusu‐Brafi Nana Kwame , Amoa Betty Bediako , Affrifah Nicole Sharon , Sefa‐Dedeh Samuel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe rheological and textural characteristics of Ga‐kenkey are critical for consumer acceptability of the product. This work studied the effects of corn steep water pretreatment with potassium metabisulfite on the rheological properties of Ga‐kenkey. The pasting properties of corn dough obtained from corn that was soaked in water treated with and without potassium metabisulfite were determined using the Brabender viscoamylograph. The viscoelastic properties of Ga‐kenkey obtained from the sulfited and nonsulfited steeped corn were determined using the TAXT2i Texture Analyzer. There was no detectable residual sulfur dioxide in Ga‐kenkey obtained from metabisulfite treated corn. Metabisulfite treatment of steep water did not significantly change the pasting temperature of corn dough (80.15–80.40 °C). However, viscosities of the pastes increased tremendously for dough obtained from corn that was steeped in metabisulfite treated water. In particular, while viscosity at 50‐Hold for dough obtained from metabisulfite treated corn was 191BU, it was 140BU for dough obtained from nonmetabisulfite treated corn. The stress relaxation parameters indicated that Ga‐kenkey obtained from corn that was steeped in metabisulfite treated water exhibited more pronounced elastic behavior (equilibrium modulus, Ee = 0.695 kPa) and were stiffer than that obtained from corn that was steeped in water without metabisulfite treatment (equilibrium modulus, Ee = 0.399 kPa). SEM showed that Ga‐kenkey obtained from both soaking treatments had some amounts of native starch, but Ga‐kenkey obtained from sulfited steep water showed a more compact microstructure with more extensive starch transformations than that obtained from nonsulfited steep water.Practical applicationsKenkey is a staple food in Ghana, and its processing and sale provide employment to many people. The operations in this cottage industry need to be standardized and eventually industrialized. Consequently, the effects of key unit operations on product quality characteristics need to be rationalized and improved. In the traditional kenkey process, the corn steep water is typically discarded without further treatment. However, disposing large quantities of corn steep water without pretreatment will eventually raise environmental problems because of the foul smell. Steeping corn in dilute potassium metabisulfite will retard the growth of putrefactive organisms and prevent foul odor development in the steep water, but may affect the textural characteristics of Ga‐Kenkey.
Evaluation of a National E‐Mentoring Program for Ethnically Diverse Student Nurse‐Midwives and Student Midwives
Authors: Valentin‐Welch Maria 
Published: December 2016

IntroductionThe US racial profile is changing rapidly, yet the nursing and midwifery professions are not evolving accordingly. The lack of racial and ethnic diversity within these health professions negatively affects efforts to eliminate persistent health disparities. To address this issue, the Midwives of Color Committee (MOCC) of the American College of Nurse‐Midwives (ACNM) created a national online mentoring program in 2011 to support midwifery students of color. An evaluation of the program is reported here.MethodsThis was a descriptive study conducted via online surveys mailed to 44 mentors and 42 mentees who participated in the program during 2012. Categorical survey responses were compared between groups, and open‐ended responses were evaluated for common themes.ResultsResponse rates differed across groups. Half of the mentors responded (50%), while only 38.1% of the mentees responded. The majority of mentors and mentees rated the program as either excellent or good and felt the program should continue. Both mentors and mentees shared similar positive ratings about the effectiveness of the application, speed with which matching occurred, and satisfaction with mentee‐mentor match; they also share less favorable ratings regarding frequency of communication, impact of geographic proximity, and academic support need and response. Both groups desired to live closer to one another and communicate more.DiscussionThis study suggests that the online mentoring program for student midwives of color currently being offered should continue but with enhancements to improve the face‐to‐face mentoring experience, including the use of computer‐based technology. Other program improvements are also recommended. To be truly effective, mentoring programs must meet the needs of mentors and mentees; future evaluations should clarify their potential as an important tool for increasing diversity.
Teachers and Coaches in Adolescent Social Networks Are Associated With Healthier Self‐Concept and Decreased Substance Use
Authors: Dudovitz Rebecca N. , Chung Paul J. , Wong Mitchell D. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPoor academic (eg, “I am a bad student”) and behavioral (eg, “I am a troublemaker”) self‐concepts are strongly linked to adolescent substance use. Social networks likely influence self‐concept. However, little is understood about the role teachers and athletic coaches play in shaping both academic and behavioral self‐concepts.METHODSWe analyzed cross‐sectional surveys of 929 9th‐12th grade low‐income minority adolescents in Los Angeles assessing self‐concept, social networks, and 30‐day use of alcohol, marijuana and other drugs. We performed generalized estimating equations, accounting for clustering at the school level and controlling for family and peer influences and contextual factors. We also tested whether self‐concept‐mediated associations between relationships with teachers or coaches and 30‐day substance use.RESULTSMore perceived teacher support was associated with lower odds of marijuana and other drug use and better academic and behavioral self‐concepts. Behavioral self‐concept mediated the associations between teacher support and substance use.CONCLUSIONSBy facilitating relationships with adults and improving teachers' capacity to build supportive environments, schools may positively shape how adolescents see themselves, which might help reduce adolescent substance use.
Nutrition Quality of US School Snack Foods: A First Look at 2011‐2014 Bid Records in 8 School Districts
Authors: Wang Y. Claire , Hsiao Amber , Chamberlin Peter , Largay McKenzie , Archibald Abbie , Malone Andrew , Stevelos JoAnn 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAs part of the Healthy, Hunger‐Free Kids Act, snacks, and desserts sold in K‐12 schools as of the 2014‐2015 school year are required to meet the “Smart Snacks” nutritional guidelines. Although studies exist in tracking progress in local and national efforts, the proportion of snack food procured by school districts compliant with the Smart Snacks standard prior to its full implementation is unknown.METHODSWe repurposed a previously untapped database, Interflex, of public bid records to examine the nutritional quality of snacks and desserts procured by school districts. We selected 8 school districts with at least 90% complete data each year during 2011‐2012, 2012‐2013, and 2013‐2014 school years and at locations across different regions of the United States. We quantified the amount of calories and sugar of each product contained in the won bids based on available online sources and determined whether the produce complied with Smart Snack guidelines.RESULTSIn all 8 districts (snack expenditure analyzed ranging from $152,000 to $4.4 million), at least 50% of snack bids were compliant with the US Department of Agriculture Smart Snacks standard during the 2013‐2014 school year. Across sampled districts, we observed a general trend in lower caloric density (kcal per product) and sugar density (grams of sugar per product) over a 3‐year period.CONCLUSIONSMany districts across the country have made headway in complying with the Smart Snack guidelines, though gaps remain.
It Takes a Village: Promoting Parent and Family Education on Healthy Lifestyles for Minnesota Secondary Students
Authors: Hearst Mary O. , Wang Qi , Grannon Katherine , Davey Cynthia S. , Nanney Marilyn S. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study examines school strategies to educate parents over time about physical activity and nutrition and how those strategies are related to adolescent health behaviors.METHODSData from the Minnesota School Health Profiles Lead Health Education Teacher survey (2008‐2012) and the Minnesota Student Survey (MSS, 2013) included provisions for parent education about physical activity and nutrition and student physical activity and dietary intake behaviors. Analyses were performed using SAS, version 9.3. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to examine changes over time in school policies. Adjusted linear regression models examined cross‐sectional association between school policies (2012) and school‐level mean student outcomes (2013).RESULTSParent education about physical activity and nutrition was constant over time, with the exception of a decrease in physical activity education in schools with low minority enrollment. There was a positive relationship between schools offering physical activity education for parents and the number of days a student meets physical activity and water consumption recommendations. There was no relationship between strategies for nutrition education and dietary intake.CONCLUSIONSSchool providing strategies for parent engagement around student physical activity and nutrition may increase parent engagement overall and improve adolescent and school‐related outcomes.
Children's Reasoning about Poverty, Economic Mobility, and Helping Behavior: Results of a Curriculum Intervention in the Early School Years
Authors: Mistry Rashmita S. , Nenadal Lindsey , Griffin Katherine M. , Zimmerman Frederick J. , Cochran Hasmik Avetisian , Thomas Carla‐Anne , Wilson Christopher 
Published: December 2016

This study evaluated the efficacy of an inquiry‐based poverty curriculum unit on students’ beliefs about causes of poverty, economic mobility, and helping behaviors. Participants were 89 kindergarten, first‐ and second‐grade students (mean age = 6.81 years, SD = .93) across two intervention and two control classrooms. Students in intervention classrooms participated in a 5‐ to 7‐week curriculum unit focused on poverty. Preintervention results showed no differences in outcomes by condition. Postintervention results indicated that, compared to the control condition, students in the intervention were more likely to say that poverty is malleable over time and less likely to suggest giving money to poor families as a way to help. There were no differences, however, by condition in the types of causal attributions that students provided (i.e., individualistic, fatalistic, and structural). Implications for theory and educational practice regarding teaching about economic inequality and mobility are discussed.
Unstructured play for anxiety in pediatric inpatient care
Authors: Al‐Yateem Nabeel , Rossiter Rachel C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of unstructured play activities on the anxiety levels of hospitalized children.MethodsA nonequivalent control group pretest posttest design was employed for this study. The sample included children (N = 165) ages 4–7 years admitted to a large pediatric referral center in the United Arab Emirates. The control group (n = 84) received usual care, while the experimental group (n = 81) engaged in age‐appropriate unstructured play activities using disposable games and toys. Parents and siblings, if present, were encouraged to participate. Research assistants conducted the play activities twice a day, with 30‐min morning and evening sessions. Anxiety was measured at baseline and at the end of days 2 and 3 with a translated form of the Short–State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children.ResultsAnxiety scores in both groups were similar at baseline and decreased significantly over the 3 days. Compared with the control group, anxiety scores in the intervention group were significantly lower on day 2 (12.7 ± 2.3 vs. 10.7 ± 2.5, p = .003) and day 3 (10.6 ± 2.2 vs. 9.47 ± 2.4, p < .001). The greatest decrease occurred in the percentage of children in the experimental group with medium‐level anxiety scores: baseline (n = 61, 75%), day 2 (n = 24, 30%), and day 3 (n = 0, 0%).ConclusionsThis simple, low‐cost play intervention implemented by nurses resulted in statistically and clinically significant decreases in the anxiety levels of children in an acute inpatient setting.
Temporal–spatial distribution of an island‐based offshore population of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the equatorial Atlantic
Authors: Milmann Lucas C. , Danilewicz Daniel , Baumgarten Julio , Ott Paulo H. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA little‐studied common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population inhabits the offshore waters surrounding Saint Paul's Rocks, a Brazilian marine protected area in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Five field expeditions (May 2011–May 2013) were conducted to characterize the habitat use, population size, and site fidelity of this population. Three different survey methods were employed: line‐transect surveys, land‐based surveys, and photo‐identification surveys. A population size of 23 individuals (19–28, CI 95%), which were present on most sampling days (>90% of surveys), was estimated. The maximum resighting interval of photo‐identified animals was 9 yr and 3 mo for five distinct individuals, based on data from nonsystematic efforts that have been ongoing since 2004. The dolphins exhibited strong site fidelity, as the minimum convex polygon (MCP, 95%) method revealed that they restricted their movements to a 0.5 km2 area across seasons and a 0.99 km2 area across years (95% kernel). The dolphins preferred shallow waters close to the archipelago (<1.2 km from the islands), especially on the eastern and southeastern sides, where oceanographic models have revealed persistent upwelling that may result from underwater currents and where food may be more predictably available.
Acoustic classification of dolphins in the California Current using whistles, echolocation clicks, and burst pulses
Authors: Rankin Shannon , Archer Frederick , Keating Jennifer L. , Oswald Julie N. , Oswald Michael , Curtis Alex , Barlow Jay 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPassive acoustic monitoring of dolphins is limited by our ability to classify calls to species. Significant overlap in call characteristics among many species, combined with a wide range of call types and acoustic behavior, makes classification of calls to species challenging. Here, we introduce BANTER, a compound acoustic classification method for dolphins that utilizes information from all call types produced by dolphins rather than a single call type, as has been typical for acoustic classifiers. Output from the passive acoustic monitoring software, PAMGuard, was used to create independent classifiers for whistles, echolocation clicks, and burst pulses, which were then merged into a final, compound classifier for each species. Classifiers for five species found in the California Current ecosystem were trained and tested using 153 single‐species acoustic events recorded during a 4.5 mo combined visual and acoustic shipboard cetacean survey off the west coast of the United States. Correct classification scores for individual species ranged from 71% to 92%, with an overall correct classification score of 84% for all five species. The conceptual framework of this approach easily lends itself to other species and study areas as well as to noncetacean taxa.
The Time Course of Perceptual Recovery Markers After Match Play in Division I-A College American Football
Authors: Fullagar Hugh H.K. , Govus Andrew , Hanisch James , Murray Andrew 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:To investigate the recovery time course of customized wellness markers (sleep, soreness, energy, and overall wellness) in response to match play in American Division I-A college football players.
Methods:A retrospective research design was used. Wellness data were collected and analyzed for 2 American college football seasons. Perceptions of soreness, sleep, energy, and overall wellness were obtained for the day before each game (GD–1) and the days after each game (GD+2, GD+3, and GD+4). Standardized effect-size (ES) analyses ± 90% confidence intervals were used to interpret the magnitude of the mean differences between all time points for the start, middle, and finish of the season, using the following qualitative descriptors: 0–0.19 trivial, 0.2–0.59 small, 0.6–1.19 moderate, 1.2–1.99 large, <2.0 very large.
Results:Overall wellness showed small ES reductions on GD+2 (d = 0.22 ± 0.09, likely [94.8%]), GD+3 (d = 0.37 ± 0.15, very likely), and GD+4 (d = 0.29 ± 0.12, very likely) compared with GD–1. There were small ES reductions for soreness between GD–1 and GD+2, GD+3, and GD +4 (d = 0.21 ± 0.09, likely, d = 0.29 ± 0.12, very likely, and 0.30 ± 0.12, very likely, respectively). Small ES reductions were also evident between GD–1 and GD+3 (d = 0.21 ± 0.09, likely) for sleep. Feelings of energy showed small ESs on GD+3 (d = 0.27 ± 0.11, very likely) and GD+4 (d = 0.22 ± 0.09, likely) compared with GD–1.
Conclusion:All wellness markers were likely to very likely worse on GD+3 and GD+4 than on GD–1. These findings show that perceptual wellness takes longer than 4 d to return to pregame levels and thus should be considered when prescribing training and/or recovery.
Reporting and design elements of audit and feedback interventions: a secondary review
Authors: Colquhoun Heather , Michie Susan , Sales Anne , Ivers Noah , Grimshaw J M , Carroll Kelly , Chalifoux Mathieu , Eva Kevin , Brehaut Jamie 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundAudit and feedback (A&F) is a frequently used intervention aiming to support implementation of research evidence into clinical practice with positive, yet variable, effects. Our understanding of effective A&F has been limited by poor reporting and intervention heterogeneity. Our objective was to describe the extent of these issues.MethodsUsing a secondary review of A&F interventions and a consensus-based process to identify modifiable A&F elements, we examined intervention descriptions in 140 trials of A&F to quantify reporting limitations and describe the interventions.ResultsWe identified 17 modifiable A&F intervention elements; 14 were examined to quantify reporting limitations and all 17 were used to describe the interventions. Clear reporting of the elements ranged from 56% to 97% with a median of 89%. There was considerable variation in A&F interventions with 51% for individual providers only, 92% targeting behaviour change and 79% targeting processes of care, 64% performed by the provider group and 81% reporting aggregate patient data.ConclusionsOur process identified 17 A&F design elements, demonstrated gaps in reporting and helped understand the degree of variation in A&F interventions.