bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric optimization of intra‐ and inter‐layer strengths in parts produced by extrusion‐based additive manufacturing of poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Spoerk Martin , Arbeiter Florian , Cajner Hrvoje , Sapkota Janak , Holzer Clemens 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTParts produced by extrusion‐based additive manufacturing experience the disadvantage of consisting of many weld‐lines, which consequently downgrade their mechanical properties. This work aims at maximizing the strength of printed parts by considering and improving the intra‐ and inter‐layer cohesion between adjacent strands. Therefore, printed poly(lactic acid) specimens were characterized by means of a particular tensile test setup, and the inter‐layer cohesion of printed specimens was evaluated by means of the double cantilever beam test. A detailed parametric statistical evaluation, which included printing temperatures, layer thicknesses, and layer‐designs, was complemented by the material's viscosity data and the analysis of the specimens' fracture surfaces and cross‐sections. An optimal layer‐design was found to be a key parameter in the optimization of strength with regard to different loading directions. Additionally, the maximization of the cohesion leads to a tremendous improvement in the mechanical performance of the printed parts, resulting in strengths of roughly 90% of those of compression‐molded parts. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45401.
Gamma radiation effect of polymethylvinylphenylsiloxane rubbers under different temperatures
Authors: Cao Ke , Ao Yinyong , Chen Jian , Peng Jing , Huang Wei , Li Jiuqiang , Zhai Maolin 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe gamma radiation effect on polymethylvinylphenylsiloxane (PMVPS) rubbers is investigated by irradiation exposure of PMVPS rubbers to a maximum dose of 200 kGy in the temperature range 28–110 °C. Compared with unirradiated PMVPS rubber, the elongation at break of irradiated PMVPS rubber decreases while its elastic modulus increases with the increase of absorbed dose or radiation temperature. DSC, ATR‐FTIR, XPS, and 1H‐NMR indicate that slight degradation and oxidation reaction occur during the irradiation of PMVPS. Solvent swelling and gel fraction study confirms that the crosslinking density of PMVPS rubbers increases gradually with increasing absorbed dose or radiation temperature. Therefore, radiation‐induced crosslinking of PMVPS is dominant reactions for the chosen dose or temperature range. Furthermore, synergistic effect exists in the high‐temperature radiation process for PMVPS rubbers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45404.
Solvent‐solubility‐parameter‐dependent homogeneity and sol–gel transitions of concentrated polyacrylonitrile solutions
Authors: Li Weijie , Hao Jian , Zhou Pucha , Liu Yaodong , Lu Chunxiang , Zhang Zhengfang 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, we systematically explored the dependence of the homogeneity and sol–gel transition temperatures of various polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solutions on the solvent solubility parameters. The Cole–Cole slope was used to characterize the solution homogeneity, and we found that the PAN/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution, which had a smaller Hansen solubility parameter distance between the solvent and PAN, showed better solution homogeneity than the PAN/dimethylformamide and PAN/dimethylacetamide solutions. Additionally, we found that both heating and cooling were able to cause the gelation of the PAN solution, although their mechanisms were totally different. The gelation caused by heating was ascribed to the nitrile–nitrile coupling of PAN chains, whereas the gelation caused by cooling was due to the solvent bridge effect. In this case, DMSO, which had the highest polarity and the strongest interactions with nitrile groups, caused the highest gelation temperature of the PAN solution during cooling. The gelation temperature of the PAN solution exhibits dependence on its solvent polarity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45405.
Functional assessment of plant and microalgal lipid pathway genes in yeast to enhance microbial industrial oil production
Authors: Peng Huadong , Moghaddam Lalehvash , Brinin Anthony , Williams Brett , Mundree Sagadevan , Haritos Victoria S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAs promising alternatives to fossil‐derived oils, microbial lipids are important as industrial feedstocks for biofuels and oleochemicals. Our broad aim is to increase lipid content in oleaginous yeast through expression of lipid accumulation genes and use Saccharomyces cerevisiae to functionally assess genes obtained from oil‐producing plants and microalgae. Lipid accumulation genes DGAT (diacylglycerol acyltransferase), PDAT (phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase), and ROD1 (phosphatidylcholine: diacylglycerol choline‐phosphotransferase) were separately expressed in yeast and lipid production measured by fluorescence, solvent extraction, thin layer chromatography, and gas chromatography (GC) of fatty acid methyl esters. Expression of DGAT1 from Arabidopsis thaliana effectively increased total fatty acids by 1.81‐fold above control, and ROD1 led to increased unsaturated fatty acid content of yeast lipid. The functional assessment approach enabled the fast selection of candidate genes for metabolic engineering of yeast for production of lipid feedstocks.
Transcriptional engineering of the glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase promoter for improved heterologous protein production in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Ata Özge , Prielhofer Roland , Gasser Brigitte , Mattanovich Diethard , Çalık Pınar 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe constitutive glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (PGAP), which is one of the benchmark promoters of Pichia pastoris, was analyzed in terms of putative transcription factor binding sites. We constructed a synthetic library with distinct regulatory properties through deletion and duplication of these putative transcription factor binding sites and selected transcription factor (TF) genes were overexpressed or deleted to understand their roles on heterologous protein production. Using enhanced green fluorescent protein, an expression strength in a range between 0.35‐ and 3.10‐fold of the wild‐type PGAP was obtained. Another model protein, recombinant human growth hormone was produced under control of selected promoter variants and 1.6‐ to 2.4‐fold higher product titers were reached compared to wild‐type PGAP. In addition, a GAL4‐like TF was found to be a crucial factor for the regulation of PGAP, and its overexpression enhanced the heterologous protein production considerably (up to 2.2‐fold compared to the parental strain). The synthetic PGAP library generated enabled us to investigate the different putative transcription factors which are responsible for the regulation of PGAP under different growth conditions, ergo recombinant protein production under PGAP. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2319–2327. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo synergistic activity of a CAZyme cassette from Acidothermus cellulolyticus significantly improves the cellulolytic activity of the C. bescii exoproteome
Authors: Kim Sun‐Ki , Chung Daehwan , Himmel Michael E. , Bomble Yannick J. , Westpheling Janet 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe use of microbial cells to convert plant biomass directly to fuels and chemicals is referred to as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). Members of the bacterial genus, Caldicellulosiruptor (Gram‐positive, anaerobic hyperthermophiles) are capable of deconstructing plant biomass without enzymatic or chemical pretreatment. This is accomplished by the production and secretion of free, multi‐domain enzymes that outperform commercial enzyme cocktails on some substrates. Here, we show that the exoproteome of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii may be enhanced by the heterologous expression of enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus that act synergistically to improve sugar release from complex substrates; as well as improve cell growth. In this work, co‐expression of the A. cellulolyticus Acel_0615 β‐glucanase (GH6 and GH12) and E1 endoglucanase (GH5) enzymes resulted in an increase in the activity of the exoproteome on Avicel; as well as an increase in growth of C. bescii on Avicel compared to the parental strain or the strain expressing the β‐glucanase alone. Our ability to engineer the composition and effectiveness of the exoproteome of these bacteria provides insight into the natural mechanism of plant cell wall deconstruction, as well as future directions for improving CBP. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2474–2480. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coke Slurries with Improved Higher Heating Value and Good Processability via Particle Shape Design
Authors: Jampolski Leon , Jakobs Tobias , Kolb Thomas , Willenbacher Norbert 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCoke‐water slurries can be used as biogenic intermediates in conversion of residual biomass into high value fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas or synthetic natural gas. The effect of particle size and shape on the flow behavior of slurries including coke particles obtained from fast pyrolysis was investigated. Particles were shaped in a planetary ball mill and equivalent sphere diameter and circularity were used to characterize size and shape. An increased circularity resulted in a strong decrease in slurry viscosity. Accordingly, a higher mass fraction of particles can be mixed into the slurry, thus, increasing the higher heating value while still preserving good processing properties.
Ligand‐ and Solvent‐Tuned Chemoselective Carbonylation of Bromoaryl Triflates
Authors: Shen Chaoren , Wei Zhihong , Jiao Haijun , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed chemoselective carbonylation of bromoaryl triflates is reported. The selective C−Br bond versus C−OTf (OTf=triflate) bond functionalization can be remarkably tuned by the combination of the ligand [4,5‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene (Xantphos) vs. 1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (DPPF)] and the solvent (toluene vs. DMSO). The respective ligand and solvent effects are rationalized by DFT calculations. In contrast, the monodentate ligands BuPAd2 and tBu3P prefer the selective C−Br bond activation and are solvent insensitive.
Photochromic Dopamine Receptor Ligands Based on Dithienylethenes and Fulgides
Authors: Lachmann Daniel , Studte Carolin , Männel Barbara , Hübner Harald , Gmeiner Peter , König Burkhard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe describe the incorporation of the well‐investigated class of photochromic dithienylethenes (DTEs) and fulgides into known dopamine receptor ligands such as 1,4‐disubstituted aromatic and hydroxybenzoxazinone piperazines as well as aminoindanes. Subtype and functional selective photochromic ligands were obtained and characterized by NMR and UV/VIS spectroscopic measurements. The photophysical properties of the DTE based dopamine ligands revealed a high fatigue resistance for the diarylmaleimides, but the ringclosure could not be accomplished in polar solvents due to a known twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT). Several cyclopentene‐DTEs showed high PSS, but a fast degradation by forming an irreversible byproduct. Focusing on the fulgides, high photostationary states and switching in polar solvents were possible. The compounds 43, 45 and 46 containing the isopropyl group showed only isomerization between the open E‐form and the closed C‐form. At a concentration of 1 nm, the cyclopentene‐DTE 29‐open showed a more than 11‐fold higher activation of D2S, a pharmacologically important G protein‐coupled receptor, than its photochromic congener 29‐closed. Interestingly, the fulgimide‐based pair 52‐(E)‐open/52‐closed could be discovered as an alternative photoswitch with inverse activation properties exhibiting four‐fold higher activity in the closed state.
Matched Molecular Pair Analysis on Large Melting Point Datasets: A Big Data Perspective
Authors: Withnall Michael , Chen Hongming , Tetko Igor V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA matched molecular pair (MMP) analysis was used to examine the change in melting point (MP) between pairs of similar molecules in a set of ∼275k compounds. We found many cases in which the change in MP (ΔMP) of compounds correlates with changes in functional groups. In line with the results of a previous study, correlations between ΔMP and simple molecular descriptors, such as the number of hydrogen bond donors, were identified. In using a larger dataset, covering a wider chemical space and range of melting points, we observed that this method remains stable and scales well with larger datasets. This MMP‐based method could find use as a simple privacy‐preserving technique to analyze large proprietary databases and share findings between participating research groups.
Delays in breast cancer diagnosis after a state policy limiting Medicaid enrollment
Authors: Subramanian Sujha , Keating Nancy L. 
Published: June 2017

In this issue of Cancer, Tarazi et al investigate the effects of a state policy that substantially limited Medicaid enrollment on the timeliness of breast cancer diagnosis. They observe a statistically significant increase of 3.3 percentage points in the percentage of women diagnosed with late‐stage disease after the policy change among women living in low‐income versus high‐income areas.See also pages 3312‐9.
Distribution and female reproductive state differences in orexigenic and anorexigenic neurons in the brain of the mouth brooding African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni
Authors: Porter Danielle T. , Roberts David A. , Maruska Karen P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntegration of reproduction and metabolism is necessary for species survival. While the neural circuits controlling energy homeostasis are well‐characterized, the signals controlling the relay of nutritional information to the reproductive axis are less understood. The cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni is ideal for studying the neural regulation of feeding and reproduction because females cycle between a feeding gravid state and a period of forced starvation while they brood developing young inside their mouths. To test the hypothesis that candidate neuropeptide‐containing neurons known to be involved in feeding and energy homeostasis in mammals show conserved distribution patterns, we performed immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to localize appetite‐stimulating (neuropeptide Y, NPY; agouti‐related protein, AGRP) and appetite‐inhibiting (cocaine and amphetamine‐regulated transcript, CART; pro‐opiomelanocortin, pomc1a) neurons in the brain. NPY, AGRP, CART, and pomc1a somata showed distribution patterns similar to other teleosts, which included localization to the lateral tuberal nucleus (NLT), the putative homolog of the mammalian arcuate nucleus. Gravid females also had larger NPY and AGRP neurons in the NLT compared to brooding females, but brooding females had larger pomc1a neurons compared to gravid females. Hypothalamic agrp mRNA levels were also higher in gravid compared to brooding females. Thus, larger appetite‐stimulating neurons (NPY, AGRP) likely promote feeding while females are gravid, while larger pomc1a neurons may act as a signal to inhibit food intake during mouth brooding. Collectively, our data suggest a potential role for NPY, AGRP, POMC, and CART in regulating energetic status in A. burtoni females during varying metabolic and reproductive demands.
Socializing problems and low self‐esteem enhance interpersonal models of eating disorders: Evidence from a clinical sample
Authors: Raykos Bronwyn C. , McEvoy Peter M. , Fursland Anthea 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe present study evaluated the relative clinical validity of two interpersonal models of the maintenance of eating disorders, IPT‐ED (Rieger et al., ) and the interpersonal model of binge eating (Wilfley, MacKenzie, Welch, Ayres, & Weissman, ; Wilfley, Pike, & Striegel‐Moore, ). While both models propose an indirect relationship between interpersonal problems and eating disorder symptoms via negative affect, IPT‐ED specifies negative social evaluation as the key interpersonal problem, and places greater emphasis on the role of low self‐esteem as an intermediate variable between negative social evaluation and eating pathology.MethodTreatment‐seeking individuals (N = 306) with a diagnosed eating disorder completed measures of socializing problems, generic interpersonal problems, self‐esteem, eating disorder symptoms, and negative affect (depression and anxiety). Structural equation models were run for both models.ResultsConsistent with IPT‐ED, a significant indirect pathway was found from socializing problems to eating disorder symptoms via low self‐esteem and anxiety symptoms. There was also a direct pathway from low self‐esteem to eating disorder symptoms. Using a socializing problems factor in the model resulted in a significantly better fit than a generic interpersonal problems factor. Inconsistent with both interpersonal models, the direct pathway from socializing problems to eating disorder symptoms was not supported.DiscussionInterpersonal models that included self‐esteem and focused on socializing problems (rather than generic interpersonal problems) explained more variance in eating disorder symptoms. Future experimental, prospective, and treatment studies are required to strengthen the case that these pathways are causal.
Hidden roles of protected areas in the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services
Authors: Viña Andrés , Liu Jianguo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMany of the current protected areas worldwide are established for the conservation of particular species of interest, yet their benefits may go beyond these species since they could also contribute to the conservation of entire biodiversity pools. In addition, they may also contribute to the provision of ecosystem services. However, these benefits are seldom evaluated or targeted for improvement. Using field and remotely sensed data, we evaluated how representative of the plant biodiversity pool and of carbon sequestration is a network of nature reserves specifically established for the conservation of a target species, the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), an icon of biodiversity conservation. Our results show that forest structure (including tree/bamboo species composition) within the nature reserve network is representative of the forest structure across the entire study region, with the exception of forests located at lower elevations which are not well represented. In addition, of the areas of forest cover gained across the study region between 2000 and 2010 (~10,700 km2) only about 15% occurred within panda reserves. Furthermore, accumulated net primary productivity (NPP) per year between 2000 and 2010 across the study region exhibited a monotonic increase, while the relative contribution of the reserve network to this accumulated NPP remained relatively constant (~25.5%). This suggests that the areas inside nature reserves may be reaching their maximum forest cover and NPP levels. Therefore, despite the significant positive roles of these reserves beyond the conservation of the species of interest, further conservation actions are needed to maintain and improve the conservation of regional biodiversity pools, as well as to improve gains in forest cover and in carbon sequestration. The procedures shown in this study are easily transferable to other study regions for assessing the benefits they provide beyond the conservation of the target(s) species of interest.
Pathogenic potential of antibodies to the GABAB receptor
Authors: Nibber Anjan , Mann Edward O. , Pettingill Philippa , Waters Patrick , Irani Sarosh R. , Kullmann Dimitri M. , Vincent Angela , Lang Bethan 
Published: June 2017

SummaryGABAB receptor (GABABR) autoantibodies have been detected in the serum of immunotherapy‐responsive patients with autoimmune encephalitis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from a patient with GABABR antibodies on primary neuronal cultures and acute slices of entorhinal cortex. Primary hippocampal neuronal cultures were incubated with serum immunoglobulin from patients with GABABR or AMPA receptor (AMPAR) antibodies for up to 72 h to investigate their effect on receptor surface expression. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings from layer III pyramidal cells of the medial entorhinal cortex were used to examine the effect on neuronal activity. GABABR surface expression was unaltered by incubation with GABABR antibodies. By contrast, after 24 h application of AMPAR antibodies, AMPARs were undetectable. However, acute application of GABABR IgG decreased both the duration of network UP states and the spike rate of pyramidal cells in the entorhinal cortex. GABABR antibodies do not appear to affect GABABRs by internalization but rather reduce excitability on the medial temporal lobe networks. This unusual mechanism of action may be exploited in rational drug development strategies.
Plagioclase crystallisation in a granodioritic melt and its petrogenetic implications for the origin of the A‐type granite in East Junggar, NW China
Authors: Xu Man , Tang Hongfeng 
Published: June 2017

Crystallisation experiments were performed on a natural I‐type granodiorite from East Junggar of Xinjiang, NW China, at 1.0 and 1.5 GPa in the temperature range between 700 and 875 °C and for various water contents to investigate the crystallisation behaviour of plagioclase in granodioritic melts. Experimental results indicate that the optimal conditions for plagioclase to crystallise in this granodioritic melt are approximately 875 °C, 1.0 GPa, and ~10 wt% water content. All the experimental feldspars have ternary composition because of the high pressure in this study, with Or contents increasing while An contents decreasing with the increase of pressure. They consist of Or‐rich plagioclase at 1.0 GPa, passing to An‐rich alkali feldspars at 1.5 GPa. The ternary feldspar plays a role in keeping the total amount of alkali in the residual melt relatively constant. After plagioclase‐dominant crystallisation, the residual melt shows characteristics similar to the A‐type granites from East Junggar, implying that the fractional crystallisation of the I‐type granodioritic melt at high pressure may be one of the important processes generating the A‐type magmas in East Junggar. Mass balance calculation and trace element modelling show that the fractionally crystallised phase assemblage and proportion could be plagioclase (40.2 wt%) + orthopyroxene (6.3 wt%) + hornblende (6.3 wt%). The experimentally determined plagioclase crystal growth rates range from 1.17 × 10−8 to 2.70 × 10−8 mm/s. By comparing the crystal growth rate with the crystal size in natural rocks, the timescale of the crystallisation and differentiation of the I‐type granodioritic magma that is parental to the A‐type granitic magma in East Junggar was estimated to be several hundred years, in excellent agreement with the result from a simple numerical model.