bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superhydrophobic Fabrics for Oil/Water Separation Based on the Metal–Organic Charge‐Transfer Complex CuTCNAQ
Authors: Hoshyargar Faegheh , Mahajan Manika , Anuradha  , Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Kyratzis Louis , Bhatt Anand I. , O'Mullane Anthony P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe fabrication of a superhydrophobic nylon textile based on the organic charge‐transfer complex CuTCNAQ (TCNAQ=11,11,12,12‐tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane) is reported. The nylon fabric, which is metallized with copper, undergoes a spontaneous chemical reaction with TCNAQ dissolved in acetonitrile to form nanorods of CuTCNAQ that are intertwined over the entire surface of the fabric. This creates the necessary micro‐ and nanoscale roughness that often allows the Cassie–Baxter state to be obtained with high robustness, thereby achieving a superhydrophobic/superoleophilic surface without the need for a fluorinated surface. The material is characterized with SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and investigated for its ability to separate oil and water in two modes, namely through filtration and as an absorbent material. It is found that the fabric can separate dichloromethane, olive oil, and crude oil from water, and reduce the water content of the oil during the separation process. The fabric is reusable, highly durable, and tolerant to conditions such as seawater, hydrochloric acid, and extensive time periods on the shelf. Given that CuTCNAQ is a copper‐based semiconductor, there may also be the possibility of other uses in areas such as photocatalysis and antibacterial applications.
Gas‐Phase Reactions of Glyceraldehyde and 1,3‐Dihydroxyacetone as Models for Levoglucosan Conversion during Biomass Gasification
Authors: Fukutome Asuka , Kawamoto Haruo , Saka Shiro 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLevoglucosan, the major intermediate in wood gasification, is decomposed selectively to C1/C2 fragments at 550–600 °C. Kinetic analyses suggest that radical chain mechanisms with the involvement of short‐lived carbonyl intermediates explain the lower production of larger fragments. To address this hypothesis, the gas‐phase reactivities of glyceraldehyde (Gald), 1,3‐dihydroxyacetone (DHA), and glycerol, as simple C3 model compounds, were compared at 400–800 °C under N2 flow at residence times of 0.9–1.4 s. Retro‐aldol fragmentation and dehydration proceeded for the pyrolysis of Gald/DHA at 400 °C, far below the 600 °C decomposition point of glycerol. Pyrolysis of Gald/DHA generated exclusively syngas (CO and H2). On the basis of the results of theoretical calculations, the effects of carbonyl intermediates on reactivity were explained by postulating uni‐ and bimolecular reactions, although the bimolecular reactions became less effective at elevated temperatures.
SnO2@N‐Doped Carbon Hollow Nanoclusters for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Li Lu , Zhang Lingyu , Chai Fang , Wang Tingting , Li Zilu , Xie Haiming , Wang Chungang , Su Zhongmin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Chungang Wang and Zhongmin Su from the Northeast Normal University, Changchun, and Fang Chai from the Harbin Normal University, Harbin, P. R. China. The cover image shows monodisperse SnO2@N‐doped carbon hollow nanoclusters that enhance the performance of lithium‐ion batteries.
The Early Carboniferous Xiaomiaogou granite porphyry dykes in the northern margin of the North China Craton: implication for crust–mantle interaction and intraplate magmatism
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Genhou , Lei Shibin , Qing Min , Jia Liqiong , Chang Chunjiao , Kang Jiankun , Hou Wanrong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe age, petrogenesis and geodynamic implication of Xiaomiaogou granite porphyry dykes in the northern margin of the North China Craton were investigated using geochronology, geochemistry and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic data. LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating yielded the concordant 206Pb/238U weighted mean age of 350.4 ± 1.4 Ma for the dykes, suggesting they were the productions of the Early Carboniferous magmatism in the northern margin of the North China Craton. The granite porphyries display the pronounced A‐type affinities: apart from higher zircon saturation temperature, they are high‐K calc‐alkaline and metaluminous, with high concentrations of K2O + Na2O varying from 7.93 to 8.55 wt.%, incompatible elements (e.g. Zr, Y, Nb and Ce), REEs and 10 000 Ga/Al ratios but less obvious LREE and HREE fractionation. With the lower initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7055 to 0.7070), negative values of εNd(t) (−7.1 to −4.9) and εHf(t) (−11.2 to −8.0) and old Nd (1505 to 1681 Ma) and Hf (1861 to 2061 Ma) model ages, all the rocks exhibit the similar geochemical compositions to the melts obtained in experimental studies by dehydration melting of meta‐basalts, implying a lower continental crust origin. However, the high Mg# values (47.53 to 53.60) and subcontinental lithospheric mantle‐like εNd(t), εHf(t) and Pb isotopic compositions ((206Pb/204Pb)i = 17.296–17.766, (207Pb/204Pb)i = 15.460–15.490 and (208Pb/204Pb)i = 37.097–37.568) indicate the involvement of melts from subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Combined with the special features of mafic microgranular enclaves occurring within the granite porphyries, mixing of the lower crust and subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the North China Craton is proposed for the genesis of granite porphyry dykes in this study. During the hybrid magma ascending, pronounced fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation may have also occurred. Based on geochemical criteria, the Xiaomiaogou granite porphyries can be classified into A1 group. Characterized by the compositional features of anorogenic granites, an intraplate setting is envisaged for the formation of Xiaomiaogou granite porphyry dykes. Such a tectonic environment may be related to the northward drift of the North China Craton during rifting away from East Gondwana. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of evapotranspiration models over semi‐arid and semi‐humid areas of China
Authors: Yang Zesu , Zhang Qiang , Yang Yang , Hao Xiaocui , Zhang Hongli 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component in the hydrological cycle. However, its actual values appear to be difficult to obtain, especially in areas in which precipitation has high inter‐annual variability. Here, we evaluated eight commonly used ET models in semi‐arid and semi‐humid areas of China. The order of overall performance from best to worst is as follows: the revised Priestley–Taylor model (PT‐JPL, 0.71, 1.65 [18.37%], 4.72 [49.19%]), the modified PT‐JPL model (M1‐PT‐JPL, 0.67, −0.68 [7.56%], 3.87 [40.31%]), the Community Land Model (CLM, 0.68, −2.52 [28.01%], 5.10 [53.17%]), the modified PT‐JPL model (M2‐PT‐JPL, 0.63, 0.57 [6.27%], 5.04 [52.52%]), the revised Penman–Monteith model (RS‐PM, 0.62, 3.56 [37.40%], 6.11 [63.68%]), an empirical model (Wang, 0.59, −1.04 [11.57%], 5.61 [58.43%]), the advection‐aridity model (AA, 0.55, 5.56 [61.78%], 7.45 [77.60%]), and the energy balance model (SEBS, 0.35, 5.11 [56.72%], 9.43 [98.18%]). The performance of all of the models is comparably poor in winter and summer, except for the PT‐JPL model, and relatively good in spring and autumn. Because of the vegetation control on ET, the Wang, RS‐PM, PT‐JPL, M1‐PT‐JPL, and M2‐PT‐JPL models perform better for cropland, whereas the AA model, SEBS model and CLM perform better for grassland. The CLM, PT‐JPL, and Wang models perform better in semi‐arid region than in semi‐humid region, whereas the opposite is true for SEBS and RS‐PM. The AA, M1‐PT‐JPL, and M2‐PT‐JPL models perform similarly in semi‐arid and semi‐humid regions. When considering the inter‐annual variability in precipitation, the Wang model has relatively good performance under only some annual precipitation conditions; the performance of the PT‐JPL and AA models is reduced under conditions of high precipitation; the two modified PT‐JPL models inherited the steady performance of the PT‐JPL model and improved the performance under conditions of high annual precipitation by the modification of the soil moisture constraint. RS‐PM is more appropriate for humid conditions. CLM and PT‐JPL models could be effectively applied to all precipitation conditions because of their good performance across a wide annual precipitation range. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From discharge to readmission: Understanding the process from the patient perspective
Authors: Howard‐Anderson Jessica , Busuttil Ashley , Lonowski Sarah , Vangala Sitaram , Afsar‐manesh Nasim 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDPatient engagement is critical in delivering high‐quality care. However, literature investigating patient perspectives on readmissions is lacking.OBJECTIVESTo understand patients' beliefs and attitudes about 30‐day readmissions and to elucidate areas for improvement aimed at reducing readmissions.DESIGNIn person survey.SETTINGAcademic medical center and affiliated community hospital.PATIENTSPatients with 30‐day readmissions to medicine and cardiology services.MEASUREMENTSPatient readiness, attitudes toward readmissions, discharge instructions, ambulatory resources, and follow‐up care.RESULTSOf 479 eligible patients approached for interviews, 230 (48%) were interviewed. Of these, 28% reported not feeling ready for discharge, and this correlated with inadequate symptom resolution, poor pain control, and concerns about self‐care. Sixty‐five percent remembered reviewing discharge paperwork, but over 22% could not identify critical information on this paperwork. Eighty‐five percent reported having a primary doctor; however, only 56% of patients who received a contact number on discharge called a physician before returning to the hospital. One‐third of patients knew where to obtain same‐day care outside of the emergency room. Lastly, patients reported feeling more relieved than burdened upon readmission (7.7 [standard deviation {SD} 2.8) vs 5.9 [SD 3.4]; P < 0.001, scale of 1–10).CONCLUSIONSBy engaging readmitted patients we have illuminated areas for future interventions, including better symptom management and self‐care planning before discharge, more clarity in discharge instructions, promoting awareness of outpatient resources, and improved alignment of patient and provider attitudes about readmissions. As the United States strives to reduce readmissions, attending to the patient perspective is critical in informing appropriate avenues for quality improvement. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:407–412. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Passive hip movement measurements related to dynamic motion during gait in hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Baker Matt , Moreside Janice , Wong Ivan , Rutherford Derek J. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTReduced sagittal plane range of motion (ROM) has been reported in individuals with hip osteoarthritis (OA) both during walking and passive testing. The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between hip extension ROM recorded during gait and passive hip extension ROM in individuals with moderate and severe hip OA, in comparison to an asymptomatic group. Sagittal plane hip ROM was calculated using skin surface marker trajectories captured during treadmill walking at self‐selected speed. Passive hip ROM was measured using standardized position and recording procedures with a goniometer. Sagittal plane extension, flexion, and overall ROM were measured dynamically and passively. A two‐way mixed model analysis of variance determined significant differences between groups and between passive and dynamic ROM (α = 0.05). Pearson correlations determined relationships between passive and dynamic ROM. Significant group by ROM interactions were found for flexion and extension ROM (p < 0.05). For extension, the severe OA group had less dynamic and passive ROM compared to the other groups and greater passive than dynamic ROM (p < 0.05). For flexion, significant differences in passive ROM existed between all three groups (p < 0.05) whereas no differences were found for dynamic flexion (p < 0.05). Significant correlations between dynamic and passive hip extension were found in the moderate (r = 0.596) and severe OA (r = 0.586) groups, and no correlation was found in the asymptomatic group (r = 0.139). Passive ROM explains variance in dynamic ROM measurements obtained during gait in individuals with moderate and severe hip OA which have implications for the design of treatment strategies targeting walking pathomechanics. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1790–1797, 2016.
Novel measurement method on plain radiographs to predict postoperative stem anteversion in cementless THA
Authors: Weber Markus , Messmer Benedikt , Woerner Michael , Grifka Joachim , Renkawitz Tobias 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPreoperative knowledge of femoral stem anteversion can reduce instability and impingement especially using the standard “cup first” technique in cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). In this study, we asked whether stems at risk of retroversion or high anteversion (>20°) can be detected preoperatively using hip radiographs in two planes (anteroposterior and Lauenstein). In 123 patients undergoing cementless THA using a non‐anatomic, non‐modular, straight stem, low centered hip radiographs in two planes were obtained preoperatively and three‐dimensional computed tomography (3D‐CT) 6 week postoperatively. The novel developed Isthmus Ratio (iRatio) as the relation between canal isthmus and calcar isthmus in the anteroposterior and Lauenstein view was calculated by two observers twice in a 6‐week interval. iRatio was compared to postoperative 3D‐CT stem version measured by an independent and blinded, external institute. We found a correlation between mean radiographic iRatio and 3D‐CT stem torsion of r = 0.578 (p < 0.0001). The observers had excellent agreements within (ICC ≥0.918) and between (mean CCC = 0.967) radiographic iRatio measurements. Eighty‐one percent (21/26) of the retroverted cementless stems had a preoperative iRatio below 0.35 and 91% (10/11) of stems with an anteversion exceeding 20° an iRatio above 0.55, respectively. The novel iRatio represents a feasible and reliable method for analyzing anteversion of the final stem on plain radiographs before cementless THA with a straight, tapered stem. iRatios below 0.35 and above 0.55 represent a warning of retroversion and anteversion more than 20° of the final stem, respectively. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:2025–2030, 2016.
Efficient continuous wave laser operation of Tb3+‐doped fluoride crystals in the green and yellow spectral regions
Authors: Metz Philip Werner , Marzahl Daniel‐Timo , Majid Ahmad , Kränkel Christian , Huber Günter 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this work Tb3+ is revisited as a laser ion for efficient visible laser operation. In detailed spectroscopic investigations of absorption and fluorescence properties we reveal, that neither the spin‐forbidden transitions nor the widespread belief of excited state absorption or upconversion into 4f75d1‐states ultimately prevent efficient visible laser operation in Tb3+‐doped fluorides. In contrast, the rise of blue semiconductor‐based pump sources enabled us to achieve slope efficiencies up to 58% around 545 nm in the green spectral region in highly Tb3+‐doped LiLuF4, LiYF4, KY3F10, β‐BaLu2F8 and LaF3 crystals. In addition, we obtained laser emission from Tb3+ in the yellow spectral region around 585 nm with slope efficiencies approaching 20%. To the best of our knowledge, these results represent the first continuous wave laser operation of Tb3+‐doped crystals and demonstration of laser oscillation on the 5D4 → 7F4‐transition in this ion.
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Investigating tumor perfusion by hyperpolarized 13C MRI with comparison to conventional gadolinium contrast‐enhanced MRI and pathology in orthotopic human GBM xenografts
Authors: Park Ilwoo , von Morze Cornelius , Lupo Janine M. , Ardenkjaer‐Larsen Jan H. , Kadambi Achuta , Vigneron Daniel B. , Nelson Sarah J. 
Published: February 2016

PurposeDissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enables the acquisition of 13C magnetic resonance data with a high sensitivity. Recently, metabolically inactive hyperpolarized 13C‐labeled compounds have shown to be potentially useful for perfusion imaging. The purpose of this study was to validate hyperpolarized perfusion imaging methods by comparing with conventional gadolinium (Gd)‐based perfusion MRI techniques and pathology.MethodsDynamic 13C data using metabolically inactive hyperpolarized bis‐1,1‐(hydroxymethyl)‐[1‐13C]cyclopropane‐d8 (HMCP) were obtained from an orthotopic human glioblastoma (GBM) model for the characterization of tumor perfusion and compared with standard Gd‐based dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI data and immunohistochemical analysis from resected brains.ResultsDistinct HMCP perfusion characteristics were observed within the GBM tumors compared with contralateral normal brain tissue. The perfusion parameters obtained from the hyperpolarized HMCP data in tumor were strongly correlated with normalized peak height measured from the DSC images. The results from immunohistochemical analysis supported these findings by showing a high level of vascular staining for tumor that exhibited high levels of hyperpolarized HMCP signal.ConclusionThe results from this study have demonstrated that hyperpolarized HMCP data can be used as an indicator of tumor perfusion in an orthotopic xenograft model for GBM. Magn Reson Med 77:841–847, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
A numerical investigation of the incremental behavior of crushable granular soils
Authors: Ciantia M.O. , Arroyo M. , Calvetti F. , Gens A. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe mechanical behavior of granular materials is characterized by strong nonlinearity and irreversibility. These properties have been differently described by a variety of constitutive models. To test any constitutive model, experimental data relative to the nature of the incremental stress–strain response of the material is desirable. However, this type of laboratory data is scarce because of being expensive and difficult to obtain. The discrete element method has been used several times as an alternative to obtain incremental responses of granular materials. Crushable grains add one extra source of irreversibility to granular materials. Crushability has been variously incorporated into different constitutive models. Again, it will be helpful to obtain incremental responses of crushable granular materials to test these models, but the experimental difficulties are increased. Making use of a recently introduced crushing model for discrete element simulation, this paper presents a new procedure to obtain incremental responses in discrete analogs of granular crushable materials. The parallel probe approach, previously used for uncrushable discrete analogs, is here extended to account for the presence of crushable grains. The contribution of grain crushing to the incremental irreversible strain is identified and separately measured. Robustness of the proposed method is examined in detail, paying particular attention to aspects such as dynamic instability or crushing localization. The proposed procedure is later applied to map incremental responses of a discrete analog of Fontainebleau sand on the triaxial plane. The effect of stress ratio and granular state on plastic flow characteristics is highlighted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain imaging demonstrates a reduced neural impact of eating in obesity
Authors: Puzziferri Nancy , Zigman Jeffrey M. , Thomas Binu P. , Mihalakos Perry , Gallagher Ryan , Lutter Michael , Carmody Thomas , Lu Hanzhang , Tamminga Carol A. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveThis study investigated functional brain response differences to food in women with BMI either <25 kg/m2 (lean) or >35 kg/m2 (severe obesity).Design and MethodsThirty women, 18‐65 years old, from academic medical centers participated. Baseline brain perfusion was measured with arterial spin labeling. Brain activity was measured via blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging in response to food cues, and appeal to cues was rated. Subjective hunger/fullness was reported pre‐ and post‐imaging. After a standard meal, measures were repeated.ResultsWhen fasting, brain perfusion did not differ significantly between groups; and both groups showed significantly increased activity in the neo‐ and limbic cortices and midbrain compared with baseline (P < 0.05, family‐wise‐error whole‐brain corrected). Once fed, the lean group showed significantly decreased activation in these areas, especially the limbic cortex, whereas the group with severe obesity showed no such decreases (P < 0.05, family‐wise‐error whole‐brain corrected). After eating, appeal ratings of food decreased only in lean women. Within groups, hunger decreased (P < 0.001) and fullness increased (P < 0.001) fasted to fed.ConclusionsWhile fasting, brain response to food cues in women did not differ significantly despite BMI. After eating, brain activity quickly diminished in lean women but remained elevated in women with severe obesity. These brain activation findings confirm previous studies.
Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in seven varieties of Lappula squarrosa: An alternative source of heart‐healthy vegetable oil
Authors: Letsyo Emmanuel , Jerz Gerold , Winterhalter Peter , Horn Gert , Beuerle Till 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionGrowing demand for heart‐healthy omega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LC‐PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is putting stress on wild fish stocks. There is now a compelling need for new and novel sources of non‐traditional seed oils containing high stearidonic acid (SDA), a precursor of EPA and DHA, to reduce this demand. The seed oil of Lappula squarrosa is one of the richest sources of SDA, however, the plant has been found to contain toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs).ObjectiveIn this study, the PA concentrations of seven varieties (A–G) of Lappula squarrosa were analysed to determine the most suitable varieties for commercial seed oil production.MethodsWhilst the clean‐up procedure for the PAs in the roots, flowers and leaves was on diatomaceous earth columns and finally analysed with GC‐EI‐MS, that of the seeds was through SCX‐SPE and a more sensitive HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS sum parameter method was used in the analysis.ResultsAltogether six PAs (supinine, amabiline, intermedine, lycopsamine and 3ʹ‐acetylintermedine) including one unknown retronecine‐type PA were identified with variety C recording the lowest total PA concentration (4.64 mg seneciphylline equivalents (SE)/g dry weight (d.w.)). Besides, the total PA concentrations in the seeds of Lappula squarrosa varieties ranged between 2.88 μg PA/g and 10.36 μg PA/g d.w.ConclusionBased solely on overall PA concentrations and PA distribution, variety D (5.95 mg SE/g d.w.) was found to be a potential candidate for commercial seed oil cultivation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.