bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing gaps on risk and resilience factors for alcohol use outcomes in sexual and gender minority populations
Authors: Talley Amelia E. , Gilbert Paul A. , Mitchell Jason , Goldbach Jeremy , Marshall Brandon D. L. , Kaysen Debra 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIssuesIn 2011, the Institute of Medicine released a report that constituted the first comprehensive effort by a federal body to understand the current state of science pertinent to the health needs of sexual and gender minority populations. This mini‐review summarises recent empirical, methodological and theoretical advances in alcohol‐related research among to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) populations and highlights progress towards addressing gaps, with a particular interest in those identified by the Institute of Medicine report.ApproachArticles published since 2011 were identified from PsycINFO and PubMed database searches, using various combinations of keyword identifiers (alcohol, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, LGBT, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender). Reference sections of included articles were also examined for additional citations.Key FindingsRecent empirical work has contributed to a greater understanding of sub‐group differences within this diverse population. Evidence has supported theorised influences that can account for alcohol‐related disparities, yet important gaps remain. Studies that examine the role of gender identity and its intersection with sexual identity within transgender and gender non‐conforming sub‐populations are lacking. Methodological advances in this literature have begun to allow for examinations of how minority‐specific and general risk factors of alcohol misuse may contribute to patterns of alcohol involvement over time and within social‐relational contextsConclusionsThe recommendations made in the current mini‐review are meant to facilitate future collaborative efforts, scale development, thoughtful methodological design and analysis and theoretically driven nuanced hypotheses to better understand, and ultimately address, alcohol‐related disparities among sexual and gender minority populations. [Talley AE, Gilbert PA, Mitchell J, Goldbach J, Marshall BDL, Kaysen D. Addressing gaps on risk and resilience factors for alcohol use outcomes in sexual and gender minority populations. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:484–493]
The impact of an automatic syringe dispensing machine in inner‐city Sydney, Australia: No evidence of a ‘honey‐pot’ effect
Authors: Day Carolyn A. , White Bethany , Haber Paul S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsNeedle and syringe automatic dispensing machines (ADM) aim to increase needle/syringe distribution to people who inject drugs. ADM implementation has been met with community concern about potential perceived increases in crime and drug use and that they will attract non‐resident drug users—the ‘honey‐pot effect’. In April 2013, an ADM commenced operation in inner‐city Sydney. We assessed the impact of the ADM on crime and examined its use by non‐resident drug users (the honey‐pot effect).Design and MethodsFixed‐site needle and syringe program (n = 207) and ADM clients (n = 55) were surveyed to determine whether they lived within 1 km of the ADM. Police‐recorded offences between January 2012 and March 2014 across six crime categories for the local and surrounding areas were assessed for trend to measure impact on crime.ResultsThe majority (78%) of needle and syringe program clients reported residing within 1 km of the service. Most (95%) ADM users were fixed‐site service clients. The 2 year trend for crime categories remained stable or decreased, except for fraud, which increased significantly (P < 0.05).Discussion and ConclusionAutomatic dispensing machine users were largely clients of the existing fixed‐site service and lived locally. There was no apparent concurrent increase in crime or a honey‐pot effect. It is important that services continue to be aware of community concerns and respond to them appropriately.[Day CA, White B, Haber PS. The impact of an automatic syringe dispensing machine in inner‐city Sydney, Australia: No evidence of a ‘honey‐pot’ effect. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:637–643]
The families and friends of heavy drinkers: Caught in the cross‐fire of policy change?
Authors: O'May Fiona , Whittaker Anne , Black Heather , Gill Jan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsResearch highlights the need to better understand the impact of alcohol‐related harm on families and communities. Scottish policy initiatives to reduce alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related harm include the planned introduction of a minimum unit price for alcohol. We aimed to explore existing and proposed changes in alcohol policy, from the standpoint of heavy drinkers, through accounts of their involvement and repercussions for family and friends.Design and MethodsInterviews were conducted with 20 heavy drinkers, recruited from hospital alcohol treatment centres in Scotland's two largest cities. Participants were part of a larger longitudinal mixed methods study. Interviews explored experiences of alcohol‐related harm and the impact, or potential impact, of alcohol policy changes on drinking patterns, risk‐taking, consumption and wellbeing. Data coded for ‘family and friends’ were thematically analysed using a constant comparison method.ResultsFamily and friends were portrayed as important for aiding moderation and abstinence, but more often for sustaining continued heavy drinking. Heavy drinkers with complex needs and those living in deprived communities suggested that increased alcohol prices could exacerbate the detrimental effect on their health and social circumstances, and that of their family, should their consumption remain excessive.Discussion and ConclusionsPopulation level policy initiatives to reduce alcohol consumption, such as minimum unit pricing, will impact on the families and social networks of heavy drinkers in addition to the drinker. The most vulnerable may be affected disproportionately. Alcohol policy changes and evaluations need to consider consequences for drinkers, families and communities. [O'May F, Whittaker A, Black H, Gill J. The families and friends of heavy drinkers: Caught in the cross‐fire of policy change? Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:192‐199]
Prebiotics as a modulator of gut microbiota in paediatric obesity
Authors: Nicolucci A.C. , Reimer R.A. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis review highlights our current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in paediatric obesity and the potential role for dietary manipulation of the gut microbiota with prebiotics in managing paediatric obesity. The aetiology of obesity is multifactorial and is now known to include microbial dysbiosis in the gut. Prebiotics are non‐digestible carbohydrates which selectively modulate the number and/or composition of gut microbes. The goal of prebiotic consumption is to restore symbiosis and thereby confer health benefits to the host. There is convincing evidence that prebiotics can reduce adiposity and improve metabolic health in preclinical rodent models. Furthermore, there are several clinical trials in adult humans highlighting metabolic and appetite‐regulating benefits of prebiotics. In paediatric obesity, however, there are very limited data regarding the potential role of prebiotics as a dietary intervention for obesity management. As the prevalence of paediatric obesity and obesity‐associated comorbidities increases globally, interventions that target the progression of obesity from an early age are essential in slowing the obesity epidemic. This review emphasizes the need for further research assessing the role of prebiotics, particularly as an intervention in effectively managing paediatric obesity.
Successful treatment of areolar Fox‐Fordyce disease with surgical excision and 1550‐nm fractionated erbium glass laser
Authors: Han Hyun H , Lee Jun Y , Rhie Jong W 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFox‐Fordyce disease (FFD) is a rare chronic disorder characterised by persistent inflammation because of the obstruction of apocrine sweat glands, which is a key factor of pathogenesis. The treatment of FFD is known to be difficult, and the modalities of treatment have not yet been widely studied. We report the successful treatment of a case of bilateral areolar FFD by a combination of surgical excision and 1550‐nm fractionated erbium glass laser in an 18‐year‐old woman. The patient presented with a bilateral areolar eruption of multiple, severely pruritic, 3–4 mm skin‐ to grey‐coloured folliculocentric dome‐shaped papules. The initial treatment plan was for bilateral surgical excision of the larger and more highly elevated papules via circumferential dermal excision, which was intended to maintain the areolar contour and minimise distortion. A 1550‐nm fractional erbium glass laser was then used to control the remnant lesions. The patient was recurrence‐free at 14 months after the final laser treatment, and she was fully satisfied with the treatment results.
Husbandry, management and breeding of the Greater one‐horned rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis at Zoo Basel
Authors: von Houwald F. 
Published: April 2016

As poaching incidents of rhinoceros species are continuously increasing in the wild, the need for zoological institutions to breed these charismatic species becomes ever more important. This article summarizes the knowledge gained about keeping, managing and breeding Greater one‐horned rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis at Zoo Basel, Switzerland, over the past 15 years.
Embodied experiences of place: a study of history learning with mobile technologies
Authors: Price S. , Jewitt C. , Sakr M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper reports an empirical study that takes a multimodal analytical approach to examine how mobile technologies shape students' exploration and experience of place during a history learning activity in situ. In history education, mobile technologies provide opportunities for authentic experiential learning activities that have the potential to re‐mediate students' understanding of space and place through enacted interaction, and to make the learning more memorable. A key question is how learners work with the physical and digital information in the context of that learning experience, and how this supports new experiences and understanding of space and place. Findings suggest that embodied mobile experiences foster the creation of both physical and digital markers, which were instrumental in concretizing the history experience and developing new narratives. The findings also show how different representational forms of digital information mediated interaction in specific ways and how digital augmentation can lead to conflation in student understanding of space and time. These findings inform our understanding of the value of mobile applications in supporting embodied learning experiences and provide key implications for pedagogical design, both in situ and back in the classroom.
Cigarette smoking might weaken the prognostic significance of cytochrome P450 2C19*2 polymorphism in acute myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Liu Xiaoxia , Wang Lei , Wang Yan , Ju Li , Li Jianfei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPrognostic significance of cytochrome P450 2C19*2 polymorphism in acute myocardial infarction is still not well investigated. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the genetic polymorphism and the outcome of the acute myocardial infarction patients, and to further clarify the impact of smoking on such relationship. Six hundred acute myocardial infarction patients were enrolled. All of them provided blood samples and underwent clopidogrel treatment. The genetic polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and the platelet function was assessed using conventional aggregometry. Of the included patients, 287 carried GG wild‐type genotypes, 225 carried GA genotypes and 88 carried AA genotypes. The platelet aggregation rate was significantly elevated in the AA genotype patients, mainly in the non‐smoking patients (P < 0.001) and the former‐smoking patients (P < 0.001). During 5‐year follow‐up period, after adjusted for multiple confounding factors, AA genotypes were associated with the increase in 5‐year mortalities in the non‐smoking patients [OR: 7.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.16–11.49] and the former‐smoking patients (OR: 4.38, 95% CI: 1.05–9.40), but not in the current‐smoking patients (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.60–2.31). In conclusion, the study suggested a potential role of P450 2C19*2 polymorphism as a prognostic indicator in acute myocardial infarction patients. We had also obtained some evidence that current smoking might weaken the prognostic significance of the genetic polymorphism in patients.
Identification of HLA‐A*11:01‐restricted Mycobacterium tuberculosis CD8+ T cell epitopes
Authors: Liu Su‐Dong , Su Jin , Zhang Shi‐Meng , Dong Hai‐Ping , Wang Hui , Luo Wei , Wen Qian , He Jian‐Chun , Yang Xiao‐Fan , Ma Li 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNew vaccines are needed to combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infections. The currently employed Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin vaccine is becoming ineffective, due in part to the emergence of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB) strains and the reduced immune capacity in cases of HIV coinfection. CD8+ T cells play an important role in the protective immunity against MTB infections, and the identification of immunogenic CD8+ T cell epitopes specific for MTB is essential for the design of peptide‐based vaccines. To identify CD8+ T cell epitopes of MTB proteins, we screened a set of 94 MTB antigens for HLA class I A*11:01‐binding motifs. HLA‐A*11:01 is one of the most prevalent HLA molecules in Southeast Asians, and definition of T cell epitopes it can restrict would provide significant coverage for the Asian population. Peptides that bound with high affinity to purified HLA molecules were subsequently evaluated in functional assays to detect interferon‐γ release and CD8+ T cell proliferation in active pulmonary TB patients. We identified six novel epitopes, each derived from a unique MTB antigen, which were recognized by CD8+ T cells from active pulmonary TB patients. In addition, a significant level of epitope‐specific T cells could be detected ex vivo in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from active TB patients by an HLA‐A*11:01 dextramer carrying the peptide Rv3130c194‐204 (from the MTB triacylglycerol synthase Tgs1), which was the most frequently recognized epitope in our peptide library. In conclusion, this study identified six dominant CD8+ T cell epitopes that may be considered potential targets for subunit vaccines or diagnostic strategies against TB.
Relationship between body temperature, weight, and hematological parameters of black tufted‐ear marmosets (Callithrix penicillata)
Authors: Pereira Lucas Cardoso , Barros Marilia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundBasal thermal values of captive adult black tufted‐ear marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) in a thermoneutral environment were measured via different methods, along with body weight and hematological parameters.MethodBody temperatures were recorded with rectal (RC), subcutaneous (SC) microchip transponder and infrared (left and right) tympanic membrane (TM) thermometries. Thermal values were correlated with body mass and some hematological data.Results and conclusionsSimilar RC and SC temperatures were observed, these being significantly higher than the left and right TM values. SC temperature was positively correlated and in close agreement with RC measurements. Although body temperatures were not influenced by gender, capture time, or body weight, they were correlated with hematological parameters. Thus, body temperatures in this species seem to reflect some of the characteristics of the assessments' location, with SC microchip transponders being a less invasive method to assess body temperature in these small‐bodied non‐human primates.
Correlated gene expression encoding serotonin (5‐HT) receptor 4 and 5‐HT transporter in proximal colonic segments of mice across different colonization states and sexes
Authors: Reigstad C. S. , Linden D. R. , Szurszewski J. H. , Sonnenburg J. L. , Farrugia G. , Kashyap P. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe production and handling of serotonin (5‐HT) is an important determinant of colonic motility and has been reported to be altered in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Recent studies suggest that the intestinal microbiota and sex of the host can influence expression of genes involved in 5‐HT biosynthesis and signaling. While expression of genes in serotonergic pathways has been shown to be variable, it remains unclear whether genes within this pathway are coregulated. As a first step in that direction, we investigated potential correlations in relative mRNA expression of serotonergic genes, in the proximal colon isolated from male and female mice in different states of microbial association: germ‐free (GF), humanized (ex‐germ‐free colonized with human gut microbiota, HM), and conventionally raised (CR) mice. Among the 10 pairwise comparisons conducted between five serotonergic transcripts, Tph1, Chga, Maoa, Slc6a4, and Htr4, we found a strong, positive correlation between colonic expression of Slc6a4 and Htr4 across different colonization states and sexes. We also identified a positive correlation between the expression of Tph1 and Chga; however, there were no correlations observed between any other tested pair of 5‐HT‐related transcripts. These data suggest that correlated expression of Slc6a4 and Htr4 likely involves coregulation of genes located on different chromosomes which modulate serotonergic activity in the gut. Further work will need to be done to understand the pathways and cell types responsible for this correlated expression, given the important role of 5‐HT in gastrointestinal physiology.
Outcomes of Same Day Pacemaker Implantation after TAVI
Authors: SIDERIS SKEVOS , BENETOS GEORGIOS , TOUTOUZAS KONSTANTINOS , DRAKOPOULOU MARIA , SOTIROPOULOS ELIAS , GATZOULIS KONSTANTINOS , LATSIOS GEORGE , SYNETOS ANDREAS , TRANTALIS GEORGE , TOUSOULIS DIMITRIS , KALLIKAZAROS IOANNIS 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is often associated with conduction disturbances, followed by permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation. Because of the potential reversibility of these conduction disorders, controversy exists regarding the right timing of PPM implantation. TAVI is routinely performed under dual‐antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy, which poses an additional hemorrhagic risk on a same‐day procedure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of same‐day PPM implantation in patients undergoing TAVI.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing TAVI with Medtronic Corevalve bioprosthesis (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) in a tertiary center were divided into two study groups. Group A included patients undergoing PPM implantation the same day with TAVI, and Group B patients were implanted with a PPM later after TAVI and before hospital discharge. The two study groups were compared for all complications associated with PPM implantation.ResultsIn total, 168 patients were included in the study. PPM was implanted in 65 patients (38.7%). In 23 patients, a PPM was implanted the same day with TAVI (Group A) and in 42 patients PPM implantation was postponed at least 1 day (Group B). Cephalic vein was the access used for the leads in the majority of cases. There was only one case of pneumothorax in Group B. There were no differences in the incidence of pocket hematomas between the study groups.ConclusionsSame‐day PPM implantation after TAVI is safe and feasible. Strategies reducing pocket hematomas are essential in such patients of high hemorrhagic risk.
Mexican American emerging adults' relationships with siblings and dimensions of familism values
Authors: KILLOREN SARAH E. , ALFARO EDNA C. , KLINE GABRIELLE 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe used a person‐oriented approach to describe the profiles of Mexican American emerging adults' relationships with siblings using affective/behavioral qualities (e.g., positivity) and relationship maintenance strategies (e.g., communication frequency) and to examine how profiles of sibling relationships were related to dimensions of Mexican American emerging adults' familism values. Using data from 186 Mexican American emerging adults (Mage = 21.56), we conducted latent profile analyses and identified three profiles of emerging adults' relationships with siblings: moderate (n = 106), positive/involved (n = 64), and negative/distant (n = 16). Our findings suggest that the majority of emerging adults in our study reported close relationships with siblings and dimensions of familism values were differentially associated with profiles of sibling relationship qualities.
Peer victimization and depression in Greek preadolescents: Personality and attachment as moderators
Authors: KOKKINOS CONSTANTINOS M. , VOULGARIDOU IOANNA P. , KOUKOUTSIS NIKOLAOS D. , MARKOS ANGELOS 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe study examined 2 plausible models of the predictive association between depressive symptoms and peer victimization, both physical and relational, with personality (Big Five), attachment style, and gender as moderators in a nonclinical sample of 282 Greek preadolescents. Results indicated that depressive symptoms, victimization, and Big Five traits were significantly associated. Moderation analyses indicated that only extraversion and perceived secure attachment moderated the relationship between victimization and depression. Preadolescents low on extraversion and those insecurely attached were more vulnerable to the negative effects of victimization on depression. High levels of conscientiousness moderated the negative influences of depression on victimization. Results are discussed in terms of their practical implications.
The Complexity of Covering: The Religious, Social, and Political Dynamics of Islamic Practice in the United States*
Authors: Westfall Aubrey , Welborne Bozena , Tobin Sarah , Çelik Russell Özge 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveMainstream American perception often views Islamic headcovering as a controversial practice indicative of gender repression and norms violating individual rights. Practicing Muslims counter that headcovering expresses piety, modesty, and protection. Recent scholarship affirms the complexity of the practice, and reveals that the motivations behind donning the headscarf span the religious, social, and political realms for Muslim women.MethodsWe explore the motivations for the practice among American Muslims, examining the way religious, social, and political life interact and reinforce one another, using data from an online survey of 1,847 Muslim‐American women from 49 states.ResultsOur findings demonstrate that religiosity is not a monolithic factor, and religious practices interact with and enforce headcovering in complex ways. We illustrate that conventionally understood indicators of Islamic religiosity align along three dimensions: religious lifestyle, religious abstinence, and religious socialization. Elements of a religious lifestyle, such as praying and attending mosque as well as fostering connections with Islamic social networks, are more strongly associated with covering than practices related to abstinence or socialization.ConclusionsUltimately, our research demonstrates a more nuanced understanding of how different aspects of Muslim religiosity condition covering among Muslim‐American women.