bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Płotka Witold 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis book has aimed to present, discuss, and critically analyze Leopold Blaustein’s philosophy in different frameworks which determined its thematic scope, main concepts, arguments, and developments. This goal stemmed from the lack of exhaustive studies on the legacy of Blaustein. Some scholars have examined selected topics in his writings, wherein his view on Edmund Husserl’s theory of intentionality is probably the most discussed, but there has not yet been a systematic examination of his various contributions to philosophy. This is not to say, of course, that his thought was unimportant. Just the opposite. In the scholarly literature, one can easily find authors who testify that Blaustein was an important and novel thinker whose ideas were ahead of his time. This opinion is fully justified. I have presented his intellectual biography in the previous chapters, and against this background, I have discussed his theoretical struggles with the question of the methods used in descriptive psychology and phenomenology, as well as his philosophy of mind, his aesthetics, and his pioneering analyses of the experience of media. Considering the results of our analysis, one can agree that Blaustein’s explorations were indeed eclectic, but his readings of, among others, Husserl, Kazimierz Twardowski, Moriz Geiger, and Alexius Meinong were marked by careful questioning of the analyzed theories and, as a result, critical assessments. Undoubtedly, Blaustein referred to other theories not so much to repeat their main points but to attempt to achieve original outcomes; for instance, he critically reformulated and enlarged Twardowski’s taxonomy of presentations to describe phenomena such as cinemagoers’ experiences or embodied perception.
Analysis of Blaustein’s Critique of the Phenomenological Method
Authors: Płotka Witold 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe psychological themes in the method employed by Blaustein are pervasive, as shown in Chap. 3. In my analysis of these themes, I put forward the hypothesis that this attachment to psychology determined his view of phenomenology as an empirical discipline, rather than a priori eidetics or transcendental philosophy. Basically, Blaustein assumed that if phenomenology indeed concerns essences, this would mean that it abandons its proper object, i.e., lived experiences. For this reason, according to him, phenomenology ought to become, contra Husserl, an empirical discipline, which seems to suggest that it is possible only as a Brentanian-style descriptive or empirical psychology. Accordingly, Blaustein’s struggles with the phenomenological method can be viewed from a broader perspective. After all, as shown by, e.g., Theodore De Boer, Herbert Spiegelberg, or, more recently, by Andreea Smaranda Aldea and Denis Fisette, phenomenology emerged in a dispute with and in a critical assessment of the heritage of Brentano. Some may claim that Husserl’s break from Brentano was the cornerstone of his original philosophical project, i.e., transcendental phenomenology, which justified its claims as opposed to descriptive psychology. This, it seems, inspired Krzysztof Wieczorek to draw a parallel between Husserl and Blaustein; like Husserl, Blaustein discovered difficulties, inaccuracies, and even aporias in Brentano, and he “naturally” took the position of phenomenology. However, contrary to Wieczorek, I have argued that the psychological themes in Blaustein’s method are irreducible, and it is precisely for that reason that he was a proponent of descriptive psychology.
An Examination of Husserl’s Theory of Content
Authors: Płotka Witold 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter is an attempt to analyze the main ideas presented and developed by Blaustein in his early work, Husserlowska nauka o akcie, treści i przedmiocie przedstawienia [Husserl’s Theory of Act, Content and Object of Presentation], which was originally published in 1928. The book is a revised version of Blaustein’s doctoral thesis and is important for several reasons. First, it seems that the arguments and at least some of the theoretical solutions put forward in it provided the basis for Blaustein’s later reflections. This can be illustrated with two clear examples. One has to do with Blaustein’s use of the tripartite structure of content (which can be understood as quality, matter and presenting content) that he developed in discussion with Husserl and that laid the ground for his original classification of presentations. Another example is his 1930s study on the structure of perception in cinemagoers, in which he reflected on whether a cinemagoer’s experiences are the objects presented on the screen or rather sensations. In direct reference to the results of his previous work, Blaustein eventually opted for the latter. Thus, the book is an important step on the way to understanding how the concepts he used evolved. It is also worth mentioning that, in the global literature, it was perhaps the first extensive monograph devoted to Husserl’s theory of content, a conception which is well known to be very complex. In his interpretation, Blaustein advanced an interesting thesis whereby the conceptions from Logische Untersuchungen and the idea of the matter of an act presented therein are best understood within the framework of a tradition that can be traced back to Bolzano’s and Brentano’s philosophies. This tradition related the issue of content to the understanding of psychic phenomena or, more precisely, to the problem of their structure and the objects to which they refer: what is the relationship between the intentional object and the content of lived experience? Could it be that the object of psychic phenomena is just content? Additionally, how should the content of lived experience be understood here? According to Blaustein, when grappling with these questions, Husserl formulated an original conception of content. However, saying that the main intention of Husserlowska nauka… [Husserl’s Theory…] is to ground phenomenology in the tradition of Brentano would not do full justice to the complexity of the arguments developed in the book. Therefore, what was the novelty of its approach?
Enhancing Interpretability in Molecular Property Prediction with Contextual Explanations of Molecular Graphical Depictions
Authors: Bertolini Marco , Zhao Linlin , Montanari Floriane , Clevert Djork-Arné 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe field of explainable AI applied to molecular property prediction models has often been reduced to deriving atomic contributions. This has impaired the interpretability of such models, as chemists rather think in terms of larger, chemically meaningful structures, which often do not simply reduce to the sum of their atomic constituents. We develop an explanatory strategy yielding both local as well as more complex structural attributions. We derive such contextual explanations in pixel space, exploiting the property that a molecule is not merely encoded through a collection of atoms and bonds, as is the case for string- or graph-based approaches. We provide evidence that the proposed explanation method satisfies desirable properties, namely sparsity and invariance with respect to the molecule’s symmetries, to a larger degree that the SMILES-based counterpart model. Nonetheless, they correlate as expected with these string-based explanation as well as with ground truths, when available. Contextual explanations thus maintain the accuracy of the original explanations while improving their interpretability.
Deep Bayesian Experimental Design for Drug Discovery
Authors: Masood Muhammad Arslan , Cui Tianyu , Kaski Samuel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn drug discovery, prioritizing compounds for testing is an important task. Active learning can assist in this endeavor by prioritizing molecules for label acquisition based on their estimated potential to enhance in-silico models. However, in specialized cases like toxicity modeling, limited dataset sizes can hinder effective training of modern neural networks for representation learning and to perform active learning. In this study, we leverage a transformer-based BERT model pretrained on millions of SMILES to perform active learning. Additionally, we explore different acquisition functions to assess their compatibility with pretrained BERT model. Our results demonstrate that pretrained models enhance active learning outcomes. Furthermore, we observe that active learning selects a higher proportion of positive compounds compared to random acquisition functions, an important advantage, especially in dealing with imbalanced toxicity datasets. Through a comparative analysis, we find that both BALD and EPIG acquisition functions outperform random acquisition, with EPIG exhibiting slightly superior performance over BALD. In summary, our study highlights the effectiveness of active learning in conjunction with pretrained models to tackle the problem of data scarcity.
Conclusion and Prospects
Authors: Xu Bin , Pang Rui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, an examination of the impact of uncertain factors on the seismic response of high CFRDs is conducted within the framework of stochastic dynamics. A comprehensive performance-based seismic safety evaluation framework is delineated. The investigation encompasses the stochastic nature of ground motion during seismic events, the inherent uncertainties associated with material parameters, and the interconnected randomness inherent in both ground motion and material parameters. The study proceeds by systematically addressing these uncertainties. A stochastic ground motion model, predicated upon the seismic specification spectrum of hydraulic engineering, is meticulously formulated.
Energy growth in VLVL → VLVL, VLVLh scattering to probe Higgs cubic and HEFT interactions
Authors: Mahmud Shameran , Tobioka Kohsaku 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We compute the energy scales of perturbative unitarity violation in VLVL → VLVLh processes and compare them to VLVL → hhh process, where VL refers to a longitudinal mode of Z or W boson, and h the Higgs boson. Using these energy scales, we determine which process is more sensitive to potential modifications in the Higgs sector at high-energy colliders. Within the Higgs Effective Field Theory (HEFT), we consider the Higgs cubic coupling and other interactions with and without derivatives. Any HEFT interactions predict the perturbative unitarity violation at a finite scale, and in a generic case, the minimalistic process is 2 → 3 scattering. Our analysis reveals that the energy scales for unitarity violation in VLVL → VLVLh and VLVL → hhh processes are similar across all scenarios considered. If the backgrounds are similar, VLVLh final states are more feasible because VLVLh has higher branching ratios in cleaner decay modes than hhh. We also investigate HEFT derivative interactions derived from various UV models. In these cases, both VLVL → VLVL and VLVL → hh processes exhibit unitarity violating behavior. We demonstrate that the energy scales for unitarity violation in VLVL final states are comparable to or even lower than those in the hh final state.
The linear property of genus-g, n-point, b-boundary, c-crosscap correlation functions in two-dimensional conformal field theory
Authors: Liu Xun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We propose a method to challenge the calculation of genus-g, bulk n-point, b-boundary, c-crosscap correlation functions with x boundary operators $$ {\mathcal{F}}_{g,n,b,c}^x $$

F

g
,
n
,
b
,
c

x

in two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFT2). We show that $$ {\mathcal{F}}_{g,n,b,c}^x $$

F

g
,
n
,
b
,
c

x

are infinite linear combinations of genus-g, bulk (n + b + c)-point functions Fg, (n + b + c), and try to obtain the linear coefficients in this work. We show the existence of a single pole structure in the linear coefficients at degenerate limits. A practical method to obtain the infinite linear coefficients is the free field realizations of Ishibashi states. We review the results in Virasoro minimal models $$ \mathcal{M} $$
M
(p, p′) and extend it to the N = 1 minimal models $$ \mathcal{SM} $$
SM
(p, p′).
T-duality across non-extremal horizons
Authors: Médevielle M. , Mohaupt T. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
When applying T-duality to a generic, non-extreme Killing horizon, T-duality is spacelike on one side and timelike on the other. We show, using simple examples from four-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory, that the image of the horizon is a singularity which can be understood as an interface between two different T-dual theories and their solutions. Using an embedding into type-II string theory, we show that the singularity occurs when scalars reach the boundary of moduli space, resulting in a breakdown of the effective field theory due to the presence of tensionless strings.
A Goldstone boson equivalence for inflation
Authors: Green Daniel , Gupta Kshitij , Huang Yiwen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The effective field theory of single-field inflation characterizes the inflationary epoch in terms of a pattern of symmetry breaking. An operator acquires a time-dependent vacuum expectation value, defining a preferred spatial slicing. In the absence of dynamical gravity, the fluctuations around the time-dependent background are described by the Goldstone boson associated with this symmetry breaking process. With gravity, the Goldstone is eaten by the metric, becoming the scalar metric fluctuation. In this paper, we will show that in general single-field inflation, the statistics of scalar metric fluctuations are given by the statistics of this Goldstone boson decoupled from gravity up to corrections that are controlled as an expansion in slow-roll parameters. This even holds in the presence of additional parameters, like the speed of sound, that naively enhance the impact of the gravitational terms. In the process, we derive expressions for leading and sub-leading gravitational corrections to all-orders in the Goldstone boson.
Proper orthogonal decomposition reduced-order model of the global oceans
Authors: Kitsios Vassili , Cordier Laurent , O’Kane Terence  J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA reduced-order model (ROM) of the global oceans is developed by projecting the hydrostatic Boussinesq equations of motion onto a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) basis. Three-dimensional POD modes are calculated from the ocean fields of an ensemble climate reanalysis dataset. The coefficients in the POD ROM are calculated using a regression approach. The performance of various POD ROM configurations are assessed. Each configuration is derived from an alternate sea-water equation of state, linking the density and temperature fields. POD ROM variants incorporating an equation of state in which density is a quadratic function of temperature, are able to reproduce the statistics of the large-scale structures at a fraction of the computational cost required to numerically simulate this flow. Due to the speed and efficiency of calculation, such reduced-order models of the global geophysical system will enable researchers and policy makers to assess the physical risk for a broader range of potential future climate scenarios.
Sex-Specific Association of Clinical Parameters and Components of Femoral Bone Quality in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Alimy Assil-Ramin , Thiessen Maximilian Lenard , Strahl André , Boese Christoph Kolja , von Kroge Simon , Beil Frank Timo , Rolvien Tim , Ries Christian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPoor bone quality is a critical factor associated with an increased risk of complications after total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, no consistent recommendations have yet been established for assessing indicators of bone quality preoperatively. Thus, it remains unclear which preoperatively available and readily accessible parameters are most closely associated with femoral bone quality. Here, we obtained femoral neck specimens from 50 patients undergoing THA. Preoperative Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, pelvic radiographs, and laboratory parameters were analyzed. In the obtained specimens, bone microstructure was assessed using micro-CT and histomorphometry. Additionally, matrix mineralization and osteocyte lacunar morphology were evaluated using quantitative backscattered electron imaging. Our analysis revealed that DXA-derived T-scores correlated with trabecular microstructure. Furthermore, radiographic indices and body mass index correlated differentially with aspects of bone quality in women and men. Contrary to previous observations, no correlation was found between serum vitamin D levels and osteoid indices, nor between clinical parameters and matrix mineralization. Age was strongly associated with the number of mineralized osteocyte lacunae, a factor that appeared to be independent of sex. Taken together, our study demonstrates that no single preoperatively available parameter exhibits a strong and consistent association with femoral bone quality. However, DXA remains a reliable preoperative measure for determining the trabecular microstructure of the femoral neck. In clinical practice, surgeons should adopt an individualized approach to preoperative assessments by considering age, sex, BMI, and radiographic indices to enhance their insight into femoral bone quality, particularly when DXA is unavailable.
The impact of age and renal function on the pharmacokinetics and protein binding characteristics of fludarabine in paediatric and adult patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning
Authors: Nath Christa E. , Rosser Sebastian P. A. , Nath Kiran K. , Chung Jason , Larsen Stephen , Gibson John , Gabriel Melissa , Shaw Peter J. , Keogh Steven J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aim
To evaluate the population pharmacokinetics of unbound F-Ara-A (the circulating metabolite of fludarabine) in 211 patients (age range, 0.1–63.4 years) undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning.

Methods
Total (n = 2480) and unbound (n = 1403) F-Ara-A concentrations were measured in blood samples collected at timed intervals after fludarabine doses ranging from 10 to 50 mg/m2 and infused over 0.42–1.5 h. A three-compartment population pharmacokinetic model was developed based on unbound plasma concentrations and used to estimate F-Ara-A unbound pharmacokinetic parameters and fraction unbound (fu). A number of covariates, including glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and post-menstrual age (PMA), were evaluated for inclusion in the model.

Results
The base population mean estimates ± relative standard error (%RSE) for unbound clearance from the central compartment (CLu) and inter-compartmental clearances (Q2u, Q3u) were 3.42 ± 3%, 6.54 ± 24% and 1.47 ± 16% L/h/70 kg, respectively. The population mean estimates (%RSE) for the unbound volume of distribution into the central (V1u) and peripheral compartments (V2u, V3u) were 9.65 ± 8%, 8.17 ± 9% and 16.4 ± 10% L/70 kg, respectively, and that for fu was 0.877 ± 1%. Covariate model development involved differentiating F-Ara-A CLu into non-renal (1.81 ± 9% L/h/70 kg) and renal components (1.02 ± 9%*GFR L/h/70 kg). A sigmoidal maturation factor was applied to renal CLu, with population mean estimates for the Hill exponent and PMA at 50% mature of 2.97 ± 4% and 69.1 ± 8% weeks, respectively.

Conclusion
Patient age and GFR are predictors of unbound F-Ara-A CLu. This has the potential to impact dose requirements. Dose individualisation by target concentration intervention will be facilitated by this model once it is externally validated.
A genome assembly and transcriptome atlas of the inbred Babraham pig to illuminate porcine immunogenetic variation
Authors: Schwartz John C. , Farrell Colin P. , Freimanis Graham , Sewell Andrew K. , Phillips John D. , Hammond John A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe inbred Babraham pig serves as a valuable biomedical model for research due to its high level of homozygosity, including in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci and likely other important immune-related gene complexes, which are generally highly diverse in outbred populations. As the ability to control for this diversity using inbred organisms is of great utility, we sought to improve this resource by generating a long-read whole genome assembly and transcriptome atlas of a Babraham pig. The genome was de novo assembled using PacBio long reads and error-corrected using Illumina short reads. Assembled contigs were then mapped to the porcine reference assembly, Sscrofa11.1, to generate chromosome-level scaffolds. The resulting TPI_Babraham_pig_v1 assembly is nearly as contiguous as Sscrofa11.1 with a contig N50 of 34.95 Mb and contig L50 of 23. The remaining sequence gaps are generally the result of poor assembly across large and highly repetitive regions such as the centromeres and tandemly duplicated gene families, including immune-related gene complexes, that often vary in gene content between haplotypes. We also further confirm homozygosity across the Babraham MHC and characterize the allele content and tissue expression of several other immune-related gene complexes, including the antibody and T cell receptor loci, the natural killer complex, and the leukocyte receptor complex. The Babraham pig genome assembly provides an alternate highly contiguous porcine genome assembly as a resource for the livestock genomics community. The assembly will also aid biomedical and veterinary research that utilizes this animal model such as when controlling for genetic variation is critical.
A review of multiparametric ultrasound imaging in the clinical setting: scrotal contents
Authors: Sidhu Paul S. , Yusuf Gibran T. , Sellars Maria E. , Deganello Annamaria , Fang Cheng , Huang Dean Y. H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The innovative techniques in ultrasound have added a new dimension to investigating superficially located areas such as the contents of the scrotal sac. High frequency transducers, improved technology with the addition of elastography, contrast enhanced ultrasound and microvascular imaging has resulted in a further improvement in diagnostic capabilities. The ability to clearly demonstrate the presence or absence of vascularity within the area under investigation adds an additional dimension to operator confidence in establishing the presence of infarction, global or segmental, or the walls and cavity of an abscess in the testis or epididymis. Increased vascularity of a tumor aids the differential diagnosis based on the flow dynamics of the microbubble contrast, benign lesions likely to retain contrast. Elastography has the ability to ascertain the stiffness of tissue, and when used in conjunction with other ultrasound methods adds to the understanding of the likelihood of a malignant abnormality being present. All the different techniques come under the umbrella term ‘multiparametric ultrasound’, with the application in the scrotal sac detailed in this article.