bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating and interpreting migration of Amazonian forests using spatially implicit and semi‐explicit neutral models
Authors: Pos Edwin , Guevara Andino Juan Ernesto , Sabatier Daniel , Molino Jean‐François , Pitman Nigel , Mogollón Hugo , Neill David , Cerón Carlos , Rivas‐Torres Gonzalo , Di Fiore Anthony , Thomas Raquel , Tirado Milton , Young Kenneth R. , Wang Ophelia , Sierra Rodrigo , García‐Villacorta Roosevelt , Zagt Roderick , Palacios Cuenca Walter , Aulestia Milton , ter Steege Hans 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWith many sophisticated methods available for estimating migration, ecologists face the difficult decision of choosing for their specific line of work. Here we test and compare several methods, performing sanity and robustness tests, applying to large‐scale data and discussing the results and interpretation. Five methods were selected to compare for their ability to estimate migration from spatially implicit and semi‐explicit simulations based on three large‐scale field datasets from South America (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and Ecuador). Space was incorporated semi‐explicitly by a discrete probability mass function for local recruitment, migration from adjacent plots or from a metacommunity. Most methods were able to accurately estimate migration from spatially implicit simulations. For spatially semi‐explicit simulations, estimation was shown to be the additive effect of migration from adjacent plots and the metacommunity. It was only accurate when migration from the metacommunity outweighed that of adjacent plots, discrimination, however, proved to be impossible. We show that migration should be considered more an approximation of the resemblance between communities and the summed regional species pool. Application of migration estimates to simulate field datasets did show reasonably good fits and indicated consistent differences between sets in comparison with earlier studies. We conclude that estimates of migration using these methods are more an approximation of the homogenization among local communities over time rather than a direct measurement of migration and hence have a direct relationship with beta diversity. As betadiversity is the result of many (non)‐neutral processes, we have to admit that migration as estimated in a spatial explicit world encompasses not only direct migration but is an ecological aggregate of these processes. The parameter m of neutral models then appears more as an emerging property revealed by neutral theory instead of being an effective mechanistic parameter and spatially implicit models should be rejected as an approximation of forest dynamics.
Locally adapted populations of a copepod can evolve different gene expression patterns under the same environmental pressures
Authors: Lima Thiago G. , Willett Christopher S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs populations diverge in allopatry, but under similar thermal conditions, do similar thermal performance phenotypes evolve by maintaining similar gene expression patterns, or does genetic divergence lead to divergent patterns of gene expression between these populations? We used genetically divergent populations of the copepodTigriopus californicus, whose performance at different thermal conditions is well characterized, to investigate transcriptome‐wide expression responses under two different thermal regimes: (1) a nonvariable temperature regime and (2) a regime with variable temperature. Our results show the expression profiles of the response to these regimes differed substantially among populations, even for populations that are geographically close. This pattern was accentuated when populations were raised in the variable temperature environment. Less heat‐tolerant populations mounted strong but divergent responses to the different thermal regimes, with a large heat‐shock response observed in one population, and an apparent reduction in the expression of genes involved in basic cellular processes in the other. Our results suggest that as populations diverge in allopatry, they may evolve starkly different responses to changes in temperature, at the gene expression level, while maintaining similar thermal performance phenotypes.
Non‐target impacts of weed control on birds, mammals, and reptiles
Authors: Lindenmayer David B. , Wood Jeff , MacGregor Christopher , Hobbs Richard J. , Catford Jane A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe impacts of invasive plant control on native animals are rarely evaluated. Using data from an eight‐year study in southeastern Australia, we quantified the effects on native bird, mammal, and reptile species of (1) the abundance of the invasive Bitou Bush, Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata, and (2) a Bitou Bush control program, which involved repeated herbicide spraying interspersed with prescribed burning. We found that overall species richness of birds, mammals, and reptiles and the majority of individual vertebrate species were unresponsive to Bitou Bush cover and the number of plants. Two species including the nationally endangered Eastern Bristlebird (Dasyurus brachypterus) responded positively to measures of native vegetation cover following the control of Bitou Bush. Analyses of the effects of different components of the treatment protocol employed to control Bitou Bush revealed (1) no negative effects of spraying on vertebrate species richness; (2) negative effects of spraying on only one individual species (Scarlet Honeyeater); and (3) lower bird species richness but higher reptile species richness after fire. The occupancy of most individual vertebrates species was unaffected by burning; four species responded negatively and one positively to fire. Our study indicated that actions to remove Bitou Bush generally have few negative impacts on native vertebrates. We therefore suggest that controlling this highly invasive exotic plant species has only very limited negative impacts on vertebrate biota.
A precipiton‐based approach to model hydro‐sedimentary hazards induced by large sediment supplies in alluvial fans
Authors: Croissant Thomas , Lague Dimitri , Davy Philippe , Davies Tim , Steer Philippe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMountain ranges are frequently subjected to mass wasting events triggered by storms or earthquakes and supply large volumes of sediment into river networks. Besides altering river dynamics, large sediment deliveries to alluvial fans are known to cause hydro‐sedimentary hazards such as flooding and river avulsion. Here we explore how the sediment supply history affects hydro‐sedimentary river and fan hazards, and how well can it be predicted given the uncertainties on boundary conditions. We use the 2D morphodynamic model Eros with a new 2D hydrodynamic model driven by a sequence of flood, a sediment entrainment/transport/deposition model and a bank erosion law. We first evaluate the model against a natural case: the 1999 Mount Adams rock avalanche and subsequent avulsion on the Poerua river fan (West Coast, New Zealand). By adjusting for the unknown sediment supply history, Eros predicts the evolution of the alluvial riverbed during the first post‐landslide stages within 30 cm. The model is subsequently used to infer how the sediment supply volume and rate control the fan aggradation patterns and associated hazards. Our results show that the total injected volume controls the overall levels of aggradation, but supply rates have a major control on the location of preferential deposition, avulsion and increased flooding risk. Fan re‐incision following exhaustion of the landslide‐derived sediment supply leads to sediment transfer and deposition downstream and poses similar, but delayed, hydro‐sedimentary hazards. Our results demonstrate that 2D morphodynamics models are able to capture the full range of hazards occurring in alluvial fans including river avulsion aggradation and floods. However, only ensemble simulations accounting for uncertainties in boundary conditions (e.g., discharge history, initial topography, grain size) as well as model realization (e.g., non‐linearities in hydro‐sedimentary processes) can be used to produce probabilistic hazards maps relevant for decision making. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leveraging fog computing and software defined systems for selective forwarding attacks detection in mobile wireless sensor networks
Authors: Yaseen Qussai , Albalas Firas , Jararwah Yaser , Al‐Ayyoub Mahmoud 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSelective forwarding is a major problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The nature of sensor environments and the sensitivity of collected measurements in some fields such as war fields increase the need to prevent, detect, or mitigate the problem. One of the most used countermeasures for such problem is the use of voting system based on watchdogs' votes. However, this approach is not applicable in the case of mobile sensors. Mobile WSNs (MWSNs) is growing immensely due to the exposure of applications of mobile computing, vehicular networks, and Internet of things. This exposure has shed light on the security of using mobile sensors and raises the need to set appropriate methods for securing MWSNs against many attacks such as selective forwarding attacks. This paper introduces the problem of selective forwarding in MWSNs and discusses how the voting system used for mitigation; this problem in WSNs is not applicable in handling the problem in MWSNs due to sensors mobility. Therefore, the paper proposes a model that provides a global monitoring capability for tracing moving sensors and detecting malicious ones. The model leverages the infrastructure of fog computing to achieve this purpose. In addition, the paper suggests using software defined systems to be used along with the proposed model, which generalize the model to be used to secure MWSNs against other types of attacks easily and flexibly. The paper provides a complete algorithm, a comprehensive discussion and experiments that show the correctness and importance of the proposed approach.
Allergens labeling on French processed foods – an Oqali study
Authors: Battisti Charlène , Chambefort Amélie , Digaud Olivier , Duplessis Barbara , Perrin Cécile , Volatier Jean‐Luc , Gauvreau‐Béziat Julie , Menard Céline 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe French Observatory of Food Quality (Oqali) aims at collecting all nutritional data provided on labels of processed foods (nutritional information and composition), at branded products level, in order to follow nutritional labeling changes over time. This study carries out an overview of allergens labeling frequencies by distinguishing allergens used in recipes from those listed on precautionary statements, for the fourteen allergen categories for which labeling is mandatory according to European legislation. 17,309 products were collected, between 2008 and 2012, from 26 food categories. Products were classified per family and type of brand (national brands, retailer brands, entry‐level retailer brands, hard discount, and specialized retailer brands). Allergenic ingredients were identified from ingredients lists and precautionary statements. 73% of the 17,309 products studied contained at least one allergen in their ingredients list and 39% had a precautionary statement for one or more allergens. Milk (53%), gluten (41%), and egg (22%) were the most commonly used allergens in ingredients lists. For precautionary statement, nuts (20%), egg (14%), peanut (13%), soybean (12%), and milk (11%) were the most common allergens listed. Precautionary statement was most frequently found among first‐price products (hard discount and entry‐level retailer brands). National brands seemed to use it less frequently. For all these results, differences depended both on food categories and allergen categories. This study will enable to follow allergens labeling and their use as ingredients over time, particularly by assessing an hypothetical increase in allergens presence in processed food.
Propagation Kinetics of Isoprene–Glycidyl Methacrylate Copolymerizations Investigated via PLP–SEC
Authors: Brandl Florian , Drache Marco , Schier Jan E. S. , Nentwig Tristan , Contreras‐López David , Saldívar‐Guerra Enrique , Hutchinson Robin A. , Beuermann Sabine 
Published: May 2017

Pulsed‐laser polymerization combined with polymer analysis by NMR and size‐exclusion chromatography is used to study the radical copolymerization kinetics of isoprene (IP) with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The copolymer is characterized by a close‐to‐alternating microstructure, with the addition of IP leading to a significant decrease in the composition‐averaged propagation rate coefficient. A rigorous fitting strategy is developed to fit a mixed penultimate model to the data, with the selectivity of the IP, but not the GMA, macroradical dependent on the penultimate unit.
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A Transparent, Highly Stretchable, Autonomous Self‐Healing Poly(dimethyl siloxane) Elastomer
Authors: Zhang Baolin , Zhang Ping , Zhang Hanzhi , Yan Casey , Zheng Zijian , Wu Biao , Yu You 
Published: May 2017

An innovative self‐healing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer, namely, PDMS‐TFB, is reported by incorporating the reversibly dynamic imine bond as the self‐healing points into the PDMS networks. The PDMS‐TFB elastomer features good optical transmittance (80%) in full visible light region, high stretchability (≈700%), and excellent autonomous self‐healing ability at room temperature. Surprisingly, the self‐healing behavior can take place in water and even at a temperature as low as −20 °C in air, showing a promising outlook for broader applications. As a proof‐of‐concept, this study demonstrates the use of the PDMS‐TFB elastomer for preparing anticorrosion coating and adhesive layer, and also the use of such an elastomer to be the platform for fabricating the flexible interconnector and chemical sensor. Remarkably, no significant difference is observed between the pristine and healed samples. Taking full advantage of these unique properties, it is anticipated that such a PDMS‐TFB elastomer shows wide applications in the fields of materials science, electronics, biology, optics, etc.
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Molecular design of interfacial layers based on conjugated polythiophenes for polymer and hybrid solar cells
Authors: Houston Judith E , Richeter Sébastien , Clément Sébastien , Evans Rachel C 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn the past two decades, bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices have emerged as attractive candidates for solar energy conversion due to their lightweight design and potential for low‐cost, high‐throughput, solution‐phase processability. Interfacial engineering is a proven efficient approach to achieve OPV devices with high power conversion efficiencies. This mini‐review provides an overview of the key structural considerations necessary when undertaking the molecular design of conjugated polyelectrolytes, for application as interfacial layers (ILs). The different roles of ILs are outlined, together with the advantages and disadvantages of competing classes of IL materials. Particular emphasis is placed on the design and synthesis of water‐soluble polythiophene‐based IL materials and the influence of their structural characteristics on their performance as a promising class of IL material. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for polythiophenes as IL materials for OPV devices and other solution‐processed solar cell technologies (e.g. perovskite solar cells) are discussed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Psychological treatment of depression and anxiety in patients with co‐morbid personality disorder: A scoping study of trial evidence
Authors: French L.R.M. , Turner K.M. , Dawson S. , Moran P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIt is unclear what the best psychological treatment is for depression and anxiety in people with co‐morbid personality disorder. Trials of different psychological treatment options for this patient group have been conducted, but this evidence has not previously been systematically reviewed or critically appraised. We set out to conduct a scoping review in order to describe which psychological therapies appear most effective in treating depression and/or anxiety in patients with co‐morbid personality disorder. PsycINFO, Cochrane library trials, Medline and Embase databases were searched for studies involving randomized, controlled, experimental, parallel‐arm comparisons, examining any well‐defined, psychotherapeutic intervention for adults, in an outpatient setting, with a clearly defined diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety, and co‐morbid personality disorder. A total of 1662 papers were identified. Fifteen met criteria for inclusion and were reviewed. There was weak evidence to support the use of cognitive behavioural therapy as a psychological treatment for depression in patients with co‐morbid personality disorder. However, the literature is characterized by considerable methodological heterogeneity, and further research is needed before there is sufficient evidence to indicate which psychological treatment would be most effective in treating anxiety and/or depression in this patient group. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the potential benefit to a mesoscale NWP model of a microwave sounder on board a geostationary satellite
Authors: Duruisseau Fabrice , Chambon Philippe , Guedj Stéphanie , Guidard Vincent , Fourrié Nadia , Taillefer Françoise , Brousseau Pierre , Mahfouf Jean‐François , Roca Rémy 
Published: May 2017

Observing the Earth with a microwave radiometer on board a geostationary satellite has generated interest for several decades. Such a mission would add a high observation rate in the microwave spectrum, offered by a geostationary orbit, to the sounding capabilities of the current observing system. The instrumental concept under study considers a microwave radiometer with six channels with different observation errors within the 183.31 GHz water vapour absorption band.Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are conducted to examine if these very frequent microwave observations would be beneficial to mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) and complement the current or soon‐available satellite observations. The OSSE framework is built up on (i) simulated observations from a known ‘truth’ which is a long and uninterrupted forecast from the Météo‐France ARPEGE global model, and (ii) the Météo‐France AROME mesoscale model in which the simulated observations are assimilated using a 1 h update cycle 3D‐Var data assimilation system.Benefits that may be expected from such a microwave sounder mission are evaluated in the context of a dense observing system including observations from the future hyper‐spectral InfraRed Sounder on board Meteosat Third Generation. In particular, impacts of microwave observations with observation errors ranging from 1.25 to 5 K are studied. One of the main findings of this study is that fine‐scale NWP systems do not only need observations that are frequent in space and time, but that these observations must be accurate as well.
Preparation of Gold Shells on Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres and Application to Photothermal‐Chemotherapy
Authors: Rahman Zia Ur , Zhang Tingting , Feng Yange , Ye Weichun , Wang Daoai 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHollow mesoporous silica nanospheres (HMSN) were prepared through simple steps using iron oxide nanoparticles and CTAB as templates, which were removed by refluxing in acidic solution. Hollow structure of HMSN was confirmed by TEM and XRD, while N2 adsorption‐desorption study indicated mesoporous structure of the nanospheres. Gold shells on hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres (GHMSN) were also prepared using gold nanoparticles as seeds and HAuCl4 solution as a source of Au ions, which were subsequently reduced on the surface. The prepared nanospheres indicated good biocompatibility even at very high concentration. Doxorubicin (Dox) as anticancer drug was loaded into both nanospheres which showed a pH‐responsive release. Both nanospheres were applied for the treatment of human cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Results proved the effectiveness of both nanospheres in treatment of cancer cells, while GHMSN showed synergistic therapeutic effect due to Dox as chemotherapy and gold shells as photothermal therapy, using moderate power density of near‐infrared (NIR) light radiation.
Formation of Hindered Arylcarbamates using Alkyl Aryl Carbonates under Highly Reactive Conditions
Authors: Shahsavari Shahien , Gooding James , Wigstrom Travis , Fang Shiyue 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHindered O‐tert‐alkyl N‐arylcarbamates were conveniently prepared by treating arylamines with aryl tert‐alkyl carbonates in the presence of a strong base. The new method avoids the use of sensitive and difficult‐to‐access dialkyl dicarbonates and isocyanates, which are most commonly used in known methods. Instead, the stable and readily accessible alkyl aryl carbonates are used. Therefore, the new method is particularly suitable for the synthesis of N‐arylcarbamates that contain a complex O‐alkyl moiety. Using the method, electron‐rich and electron‐poor, and primary and secondary arylamines can all be conveniently converted to their carbamates with acceptable yields. The method was also found equally effective for the synthesis of the less hindered O‐secondary and O‐primary alkyl N‐arylcarbamates.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Potent Antioxidant 1‐(2,5‐Dimethoxybenzyl)‐4‐arylpiperazines and N‐Azolyl Substituted 2‐(4‐Arylpiperazin‐1‐yl)
Authors: Saadeh Haythem A. , Khasawneh Mohammad A. , Samadi Abdelouahid , El‐Haty Ismail A. , Satała Grzegorz , Bojarski Andrzej J. , Ismaili Lhassane , Bautista‐Aguilera Óscar M. , Yañez Matilde , Mestres Jordi , Marco‐Contelles José 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe describe here the synthesis, antioxidant capacity, and biological activities on MAO, ChE, and selected GPCRs, of novel 1‐(2,5‐dimethoxybenzyl)‐4‐arylpiperazines 1–10, as well as known N‐(2‐(2‐methyl‐5‐nitro‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl))‐2‐(4‐arylpiperazin‐1‐yl) 11–20 and N‐(5‐nitrothiazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐(4‐arylpiperazin‐1‐yl) 21–29. Some of the new 4‐arylpiperazines were found to have low‐micromolar affinities for the proteins tested. The most potent MAO inhibitor identified was compound 2‐(4‐(3‐fluorophenyl)‐yl)‐N‐(5‐nitrothiazol‐2‐yl)(27), with an IC50 value of 4.14 ± 0.5 μM, whereas the most potent interaction with a GPCR was 1‐(2,5‐dimethoxybenzyl)‐4‐(4‐trifluoromethylphenyl) (5) for the 5‐HT6 serotonin receptor, with a Ki value of 0.7 μM. Interestingly, some of the compounds described here showed impressive antioxidant potential. Of mention, compounds 1, 6, 7, and 23 had trolox/equivalent ORAC values of 9.10, 8.80, 8.82, and 9.42, respectively, all of them being significantly higher than the TE determined for ferulic acid (3.74), a standard antioxidant. Among all molecules synthesized and tested, compound 23 can be regarded as an interesting low‐micromolar MAO−B/5‐HT6 dual inhibitor lead with potent antioxidant properties.
Au Nanorod: An Efficient Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones via the Multicomponent Biginelli Reaction.
Authors: Thi Nguyen Nhat‐Hang , Thi Nguyen Phuong‐Phong , Thi Nguyen Thuy‐Duy , Thi Tran Minh‐Nguyet , Thi Huynh Thanh‐Nguyen , Tran Phuong Hoang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGold nanoparticle catalysts have attracted much attention due to their catalytic efficiency under mild conditions. We report here the synthesis of a series of shapes of gold nanocrystals by simple reduction of HAuCl4⋅3H2O and application them as the catalysts for multicomponent Biginelli reaction. Amongst these, unsupported gold nanorods show the best catalytic activity. Its efficiency allows one‐pot synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones to proceed in high yield under mild conditions.