bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Healable and Tough Thermoplastic Materials from Metal–Thioether Block Polymers
Authors: Zhang Jiuyang , Li Min , Cheng Lin , Li Tuoqi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThioether‐based acrylate block polymers are conveniently prepared via reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization, and further combined with the merit of reversible metal–thioether coordination to fabricate a new type of “smart” thermoplastic materials. This metal/polymer hybrid architecture imparts extraordinary mechanical performance to the product materials, exhibiting an excellent ductility (breaking strain ≈ 1000%) as well as a relatively high breaking stress (1–5 MPa). Notably, it is facile to thermally process these materials into desired shapes (e.g., dog‐bone specimens, films, disks, etc.). Most importantly, these thermoplastic materials are endowed with the smart characteristic of being self‐healable under ambient conditions. To the authors' knowledge, it is the first report on thermally processable, self‐healing, and mechanically tough thermoplastic materials based on thioether polymers. These discoveries not only provide a pioneering route to design and construct self‐healing thermoplastics, but also elucidate the pathway toward a large portfolio of new hybrid materials built on the platform of organosulfur chemistry.
On infinite‐dimensional Banach spaces and weak forms of the axiom of choice
Authors: Howard Paul , Tachtsis Eleftherios 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe study theorems from Functional Analysis with regard to their relationship with various weak choice principles and prove several results about them: “Every infinite‐dimensional Banach space has a well‐orderable Hamel basis” is equivalent to ; “ can be well‐ordered” implies “no infinite‐dimensional Banach space has a Hamel basis of cardinality ”, thus the latter statement is true in every Fraenkel‐Mostowski model of ; “No infinite‐dimensional Banach space has a Hamel basis of cardinality ” is not provable in ; “No infinite‐dimensional Banach space has a well‐orderable Hamel basis of cardinality ” is provable in ; (the Axiom of Choice for denumerable families of non‐empty finite sets) is equivalent to “no infinite‐dimensional Banach space has a Hamel basis which can be written as a denumerable union of finite sets”; Mazur's Lemma (“If X is an infinite‐dimensional Banach space, Y is a finite‐dimensional vector subspace of X, and , then there is a unit vector such that for all and all scalars α”) is provable in ; “A real normed vector space X is finite‐dimensional if and only if its closed unit ball is compact” is provable in ; (Principle of Dependent Choices) + “ can be well‐ordered” does not imply the Hahn‐Banach Theorem () in ; and “no infinite‐dimensional Banach space has a Hamel basis of cardinality ” are independent from each other in ; “No infinite‐dimensional Banach space can be written as a denumerable union of finite‐dimensional subspaces” lies in strength between (the Axiom of Countable Choice) and ; implies “No infinite‐dimensional Banach space can be written as a denumerable union of closed proper subspaces” which in turn implies ; “Every infinite‐dimensional Banach space has a denumerable linearly independent subset” is a theorem of , but not a theorem of ; and “Every infinite‐dimensional Banach space has a linearly independent subset of cardinality ” implies “every Dedekind‐finite set is finite”.
High‐throughput analysis of anammox bacteria in wetland and dryland soils along the altitudinal gradient in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhao Siyan , Zhuang Linjie , Wang Cheng , Li Yifei , Wang Shanyun , Zhu Guibing 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the diversity, community composition, and abundance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria along the altitudinal gradient in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Two types of soil samples (wetland and dryland soils, n = 123) were collected from 641 m to 5,033 m altitudes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening showed that anammox were not widespread, and were only detected in 9 sampling sites of the 50 sites tested by amplifying the 16S rRNA genes. Then, only samples collected from Linzhi (2,715 m), Rikaze (4,030 m), and Naqu (5,011 m), which were positive for the presence of anammox, were further processed to explore the biogeography of anammox bacteria in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Results of high‐throughput sequencing targeting the hydrazine synthesis β‐subunit (hzsB) gene revealed the presence of three known anammox genera (Candidatus Brocadia, Candidatus Jettenia, and Candidatus Kuenenia) in both soil types. Their diversity, community composition, and abundance did not show significant variation with altitude at large scale. However, it was the small‐scale environmental heterogeneities between wetland and dryland soils that determined their biogeographical distribution. Specifically, the dryland soils had higher diversity of anammox bacteria than the wetland soils, but their abundance patterns varied. The community composition of anammox bacteria were found to be influenced by soil nitrate content.
Non‐water‐suppressed 1H FID‐MRSI at 3T and 9.4T
Authors: Chang Paul , Nassirpour Sahar , Avdievitch Nikolai , Henning Anke 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThis study investigates metabolite concentrations using metabolite‐cycled 1H free induction decay (FID) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) at ultra‐high fields.MethodsA non‐lipid‐suppressed and slice‐selective ultra‐short echo time (TE) 1H FID MRSI sequence was combined with a low‐specific absorption rate (SAR) asymmetric inversion adiabatic pulse to enable non‐water‐suppressed metabolite mapping using metabolite‐cycling at 9.4T. The results were compared to a water‐suppressed FID MRSI sequence, and the same study was performed at 3T for comparison. The scan times for performing single‐slice metabolite mapping with a nominal voxel size of 0.4 mL were 14 and 17.5 min on 3T and 9.4T, respectively.ResultsThe low‐SAR asymmetric inversion adiabatic pulse enabled reliable non‐water‐suppressed metabolite mapping using metabolite cycling at both 3T and 9.4T. The spectra and maps showed good agreement with the water‐suppressed FID MRSI ones at both field strengths. A quantitative analysis of metabolite ratios with respect to N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA) was performed. The difference in Cre/NAA was statistically significant, ∼0.1 higher for the non‐water‐suppressed case than for water suppression (from 0.73 to 0.64 at 3T and from 0.69 to 0.59 at 9.4T). The difference is likely because of chemical exchange effects of the water suppression pulses. Small differences in mI/NAA were also statistically significant, however, are they are less reliable because the metabolite peaks are close to the water peak that may be affected by the water suppression pulses or metabolite‐cycling inversion pulse.ConclusionWe showed the first implementation of non‐water‐suppressed metabolite‐cycled 1H FID MRSI at ultra‐high fields. An increase in Cre/NAA was seen for the metabolite‐cycled case. The same methodology was further applied at 3T and similar results were observed. Magn Reson Med 80:442–451, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Investigation of the BOLD and CBV fMRI responses to somatosensory stimulation in awake marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Hirano Yoshiyuki , Yen Cecil C. , Liu Junjie V. , Mackel Julie B. , Merkle Hellmut , Nascimento George C. , Stefanovic Bojana , Silva Afonso C. 
Published: December 2017

Understanding the spatiotemporal features of the hemodynamic response function (HRF) to brain stimulation is essential for the correct application of neuroimaging methods to study brain function. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal evolution of the blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) HRF in conscious, awake marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), a New World non‐human primate with a lissencephalic brain and with growing use in biomedical research. The marmosets were acclimatized to head fixation and placed in a 7‐T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Somatosensory stimulation (333‐μs pulses; amplitude, 2 mA; 64 Hz) was delivered bilaterally via pairs of contact electrodes. A block design paradigm was used in which the stimulus duration increased in pseudo‐random order from a single pulse up to 256 electrical pulses (4 s). For CBV measurements, 30 mg/kg of ultrasmall superparamagnetic ironoxide particles (USPIO) injected intravenously, were used. Robust BOLD and CBV HRFs were obtained in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) and caudate at all stimulus conditions. In particular, BOLD and CBV responses to a single 333‐μs‐long stimulus were reliably measured, and the CBV HRF presented shorter onset time and time to peak than the BOLD HRF. Both the size of the regions of activation and the peak amplitude of the HRFs grew quickly with increasing stimulus duration, and saturated for stimulus durations greater than 1 s. Onset times in S1 and S2 were faster than in caudate. Finally, the fine spatiotemporal features of the HRF in awake marmosets were similar to those obtained in humans, indicating that the continued refinement of awake non‐human primate models is essential to maximize the applicability of animal functional MRI studies to the investigation of human brain function.
Gonadal dysgenesis is associated with worse outcomes in patients with ovarian nondysgerminomatous tumors: A report of the Children's Oncology Group AGCT 0132 study
Authors: Dicken Bryan J. , Billmire Deborah F. , Krailo Mark , Xia Caihong , Shaikh Furqan , Cullen John W. , Olson Thomas A. , Pashankar Farzana , Malogolowkin Marcio H. , Amatruda James F. , Rescorla Frederick J. , Egler Rachel A. , Ross Jonathan H. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Frazier A. Lindsay 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeIn this report, we characterize the timing and behavior of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (GCTs) in pediatric patients with dysgenetic gonads compared to those with normal gonadal development.Patients and methodsPatients from the Children's Oncology Group AGCT0132 with malignant ovarian GCTs were included. Within this population, we sought to identify patients with gonadoblastoma, streak ovaries, or other evidence of gonadal dysgenesis (GD). Patients with malignant GCTs containing one or more of the following histologies—yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma—were included. Patients were compared with respect to event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsNine patients with GD, including seven with gonadoblastoma (mean age, 9.3 years), were compared to 100 non‐GD patients (mean age, 12.1 years). The estimated 3‐year EFS for patients with GD was 66.7% (95% CI 28.2–87.8%) and for non‐GD patients was 88.8% (95% CI 80.2–93.8%). The estimated 3‐year OS for patients with GD was 87.5% (95% CI 38.7–98.1%) and for non‐GD patients was 97.6% (95% CI of 90.6–99.4%).ConclusionPatients presenting with nongerminomatous malignant ovarian GCTs in the context of GD have a higher rate of events and death than counterparts with normal gonads. These findings emphasize the importance of noting a contralateral streak ovary or gonadoblastoma at histology for any ovarian GCT and support the recommendation for early bilateral gonadectomy in patients known to have GD with Y chromosome material. In contrast to those with pure dysgerminoma, these patients may represent a high‐risk group that requires a more aggressive chemotherapy regimen.
Identifying patient‐ and family‐centered outcomes relevant to inpatient versus at‐home management of neutropenia in children with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Szymczak Julia E. , Getz Kelly D. , Madding Rachel , Fisher Brian , Raetz Elizabeth , Hijiya Nobuko , Gramatges Maria M. , Henry Meret , Mian Amir , Arnold Staci D. , Aftandilian Catherine , Collier Anderson B. , Aplenc Richard 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEfficacy of therapeutic strategies relative to patient‐ and family‐centered outcomes in pediatric oncology must be assessed. We sought to identify outcomes important to children with acute myeloid leukemia and their families related to inpatient versus at‐home management of neutropenia. We conducted qualitative interviews with 32 children ≥8 years old and 54 parents. Analysis revealed the impact of neutropenia management strategy on siblings, parent anxiety, and child sleep quality as being outcomes of concern across respondents. These themes were used to inform the design of a questionnaire that is currently being used in a prospective, multiinstitutional comparative effectiveness trial.
Children and adolescents with marginal zone lymphoma have an excellent prognosis with limited chemotherapy or a watch‐and‐wait strategy after complete resection
Authors: Ronceray Leila , Abla Oussama , Barzilai‐Birenboim Shlomit , Bomken Simon , Chiang Alan KS , Jazbec Janez , Kabickova Edita , Lazic Jelena , Beishuizen Auke , Mellgren Karin , Tanaka Fumiko , Pillon Marta , Devalck Christine , Gouttenoire Marina , Makarova Olga , Burkhardt Birgit , Attarbaschi Andishe ,   on behalf of the European Intergroup for Childhood Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma (EICNHL) and the International Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Münster (i‐BFM) Study Group
Published: December 2017

AbstractData on management of pediatric marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) are scarce. This retrospective study assessed characteristics and outcome in 66 patients who were <18 years old. Forty‐four (67%) had an extranodal MZL (EMZL), 21 (32%) a nodal MZL (NMZL), and one patient a splenic MZL. Thirty‐three patients (50%) received a variable combination of adjuvant chemotherapy/immunotherapy/radiotherapy, while the remainder, including 20 of 21 with NMZL, entered an active observation period. Overall survival was excellent (98 ± 2%), although 11 patients relapsed (17%; NMZL, n = 1; EMZL, n = 10), seven after any therapy and four after complete resection only. In conclusion, outcome of NZML, in particular, seems to be excellent after (in)complete resection and observation only.
Utilization of frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and recombinant factor VIIa for children with hemostatic impairments: An audit of transfusion appropriateness
Authors: Lieberman Lani , Lin Yulia , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine , Yi Qi Long , Pendergrast Jacob , Lau Wendy , Callum Jeannie ,   From the QUEST—Quality in Utilization Education and Safety in Transfusion—Research Collaborative
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundBlood transfusions and fractionated products are not without risk and may lead to acute and long‐term adverse events. The objective of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of usage of frozen plasma (FP), cryoprecipitate (CRYO), and recombinant factor VIIa (rVIIa) in a pediatric setting.MethodsAll orders for FP, CRYO, and rVIIa were prospectively audited over 6 weeks. Data collected included demographics, laboratory values, indication, and adverse reactions. The appropriateness of each order was independently evaluated using adjudication criteria rated by two hematologists.ResultsTwo hundred sixty‐five products were ordered; 67% of the orders were issued to operating rooms or intensive care units. The most common indication for all products was cardiac surgery. FP was ordered as fluid replacement (15/215; 7%) to correct abnormal coagulation tests (23/215; 11%) and for patients with minor or no bleeding (111/242; 46%). FP was more likely to alter the international normalized ratio (INR) if the INR was over 2.0 (P < 0.0001). The rate of inappropriate products was judged as FP 19%, CRYO 21%, and rVIIa 91%.ConclusionFP, CRYO, and rVIIa are most commonly used in the operating room and intensive care units. FP was often used for fluid resuscitation and for patients with mild to no bleeding. FP was only effective in lowering the INR when the INR was over 2.0. Use of rVIIa was rarely ordered for an appropriate indication. Results of this study inform its readers where trials of pediatric transfusion should be performed to clarify how these products should be used in clinical practice.
Alveolar soft part sarcoma in children and adolescents: The European Paediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma study group prospective trial (EpSSG NRSTS 2005)
Authors: Brennan Bernadette , Zanetti Ilaria , Orbach Daniel , Gallego Soledad , Francotte Nadine , Van Noesel Max , Kelsey Anna , Casanova Michela , De Salvo Gian Luca , Bisogno Gianni , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundAs alveolar soft part sarcomas (ASPS) are rare with no prospective series within pediatric sarcoma trials, the European Paediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) examined the clinical data and outcomes of ASPS enrolled in a multinational study of nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS).Patients and methodsTwenty‐two patients with ASPS were enrolled into the EpSSG NRSTS 2005 study. After surgical resection, subsequent treatment depended on the stratification of patients for completeness of resection and Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) stage, size, and French Federation of Cancer Centres Sarcoma Group (FNCLCC) grade. Chemotherapy using ifosfamide and doxorubicin was performed in IRS group III. Radiotherapy was performed in IRS groups II and III, and FNCLCC grades 2 and 3 tumors.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 11.5 years (range 2.7–17.5 years). The majority in the series had localized disease (20), with small IRS I tumors (12), and in total 19 had surgical resection upfront. Of the four patients who received conventional chemotherapy, there were no responses. Three of 20 patients with localized tumors and all metastatic patients developed metastases. The median follow up of patients with localized disease is 61.7 months (range 25.7–135.5 months) from diagnosis. The 5‐year event‐free survival is 94.7% (95% confidence interval: 68.1–99.2), and therefore the overall survival (OS) is 100%.ConclusionThis report demonstrates the ability to run prospective pediatric studies in NRSTS in multiple European countries, despite the small numbers of ASPS patients. We can conclude that for the majority with small resected tumors, there were few events and no deaths.
Cross‐informant agreement of children's social‐emotional skills: An investigation of ratings by teachers, parents, and students from a nationally representative sample
Authors: Gresham Frank M. , Elliott Stephen N. , Metallo Sarah , Byrd Shelby , Wilson Elizabeth , Cassidy Kaitlan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study examines the agreement across informant pairs of teachers, parents, and students regarding the students’ social‐emotional learning (SEL) competencies. Two student subsamples representative of the social skills improvement system (SSIS) SEL edition rating forms national standardization sample were examined: first, 168 students (3rd to 12th grades) with ratings by three informants (a teacher, a parent, and the student him/herself) and a second group of 164 students who had ratings by two raters in a similar role—two parents or two teachers. To assess interrater agreements, two methods were employed: calculation of q correlations among pairs of raters and effect size indices to capture the extant rater pairs differed in their assessments of social‐emotional skills. The empirical results indicated that pairs of different types of informants exhibited greater than chance levels of agreement as indexed by significant interrater correlations; teacher–parent informants showed higher correlations than teacher–student or parent–student pairs across all SEL competency domains assessed, and pairs of similar informants exhibited significantly higher correlations than pairs of dissimilar informants. Study limitations are identified and future research needs outlined.
A powerful output‐feedback controller for uncertain nonlinear systems
Authors: Man Yongchao , Liu Yungang 
Published: December 2017

SummarySystem nonlinearities, immeasurableness, and uncertainties (especially their coupling/coexistence) have constantly challenged the control design, which requires the controller to be powerful enough to counteract the resulting negative effects. In this paper, a global adaptive output‐feedback controller is designed for uncertain nonlinear systems. The proposed controller is of switching type, in which the design parameters are online adjusted on the basis of a switching logic in a recursive manner. This makes the controller powerful enough to compensate the system unknowns and dominate the system nonlinearities and therefore be applicable to a rather wide range of systems. Remarkably, our strategy allows the coexistence of an unknown control direction and unmeasured state–dependent growth but which are substantially excluded in the related literature. An example of the single‐link robot arm system is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Improving responsiveness of time‐sensitive applications by exploiting dynamic task dependencies
Authors: Cucinotta Tommaso , Abeni Luca , Lelli Juri , Lipari Giuseppe 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn this paper, a mechanism is presented for reducing priority inversion in multiprogrammed computing systems. Contrary to well‐known approaches from the literature, this paper tackles cases where the dependency relationships among tasks cannot be known in advance to the operating system. The presented mechanism allows tasks to explicitly declare aforementioned relationships, enabling the operating system scheduler to take advantage of such information and trigger priority inheritance, resulting in reduced priority inversion.We present the prototype implementation of the concept within the Linux kernel in the form of modifications to the standard Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) condition variable code, along with an extensive evaluation, including a quantitative assessment of the benefits for applications making use of the technique and comprehensive overhead measurements. In addition, we present an associated technique for the theoretical schedulability analysis of a system using the new mechanism, which is useful to determine whether all tasks can meet their deadlines or not, in the specific scenario of tasks interacting only through remote procedure calls and under partitioned scheduling.
Direct Crystallization of Layered Silicates on the Surface of Amorphous Silica
Authors: Okada Tomohiko 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe overview the entire surface coverage of amorphous silica with layered silicates (smectite‐like) using the direct crystallization technique under hydrothermal conditions. Various shapes (e. g., microspheres, fibers, microcapsules) have been available as the silica substrates, which involve partial dissolution triggered by the hydrolysis of urea for supplying a source of the layered silicates. Other sources (e. g., Li+, Mg2+, Al3+) have been supplied from aqueous solutions, participating the heterogeneous nucleation of the layered silicates. Because of partial dissolution of the silica substrates, the original shape has been preserved after the hydrothermal reactions. Cation exchange reactions, usually observed for conventional smectite systems, occurred by replacing the interlayer cations in the silicates with metal (a rare‐earth ion) and organic (a quaternary long‐chain alkylammonium, methylene blue, and a tris‐chelated complex) cations. We have discussed the mechanism of the crystallization and displayed some applications of the hybrids (e. g., chiral discrimination, filtering, and magnetic recovery).