bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of Pharyngoesophagus Using Mucosa of Epiglottis
Authors: Sabri Joseph A. 
Published: January 2017

The mucosa covering the lingual and laryngeal surfaces of the epiglottis offers excellent and readily accessible material for reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus where large pharyngeal defects need to be repaired. Such defects are often encountered following radical surgery for cancer involving the pyriform sinus, postcricoid area, or cervical esophagus.A case report is presented with illustrations demonstrating this technique.
The Early Canadian History of Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Goldbloom David S 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To examine several early Canadian descriptions of anorexia nervosa (AN) in light of modern understanding of the disorder. Method: Two clinical reports of AN from the late 19th century and early 20th century in Canada are cited and summarized. These original case descriptions are then compared with late 20th century knowledge of the disorder. Results: Both of these early descriptions contain many astute and prescient observations on the etiology and sequelae of AN and reveal a compassionate approach to patient care. Conclusions: Canadian contributions to the medical literature on AN prior to 1970 merit both careful scrutiny and appreciation in the world literature on this disorder.
Host Mediators in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease
Authors: Lamster Ira B. , Novak M. John 
Published: January 2017

During the past few years, a considerable number of studies have examined different aspects of the host response in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), including the relationship of specific markers to the active phases of periodontal disease. Various indicators of the acute inflammatory response (the lysosomal enzymes P-glucuronidase and collagenase, the cytoplasmic enzyme aspartate aminotransferase, and the arachidonic acid metabolite PGE2) have been shown to be associated with clinical attachment loss in chronic adult periodontitis in man and experimental periodontitis in animal models. In contrast, the relationship of indicators of the humoral immune response in GCF to active periodontal disease is equivocal. Furthermore, a number of indicators of the cellular immune response have been identified recently in GCF (i.e., Interleukin-la, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-a), but their relationship to active phases of periodontal disease have not been studied. The polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) is the cellular hallmark of acute inflammation. Evidence from the GCF studies suggests that hyperreactivity of these cells plays a critical role in the active phases of some forms of periodontal disease. Metabolic activation of PMN can be associated with a number of potentially destructive reactions. The major effector mechanism for tissue destruction that can be specifically identified with the PMN is the synergistic effect of the release of PMN proteases and the generation of reactive oxygen metabolites by these cells. Priming of the PMN, where the PMN response is enhanced by agents that do not initiate the response, may be an important mechanism for PMN activation in the crevicular environment; for example, cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-a, and lipopolysaccharides released from subgingival Gram-negative bacteria, can serve this function. The hypothesis proposed here argues that in addition to the severe forms of periodontal disease that have been associated with qualitative or quantitative PMN defects, tissue destruction in the periodontum can be observed with hyperreactivity of these cells. These differing conclusions do not create a dilemma, but may represent opposite ends of a balance that is no longer in equilibrium.
Staging of breast cancer and the advanced applications of digital mammogram: what the physician needs to know?
Authors: Helal Maha H , Mansour Sahar M , Zaglol Mai , Salaleldin Lamia A , Nada Omniya M , Haggag Marwa A 
Published: January 2017

Objective:
To study the role of advanced applications of digital mammogram, whether contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) or digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), in the “T” staging of histologically proven breast cancer before planning for treatment management.

Methods:
In this prospective analysis, we evaluated 98 proved malignant breast masses regarding their size, multiplicity and the presence of associated clusters of microcalcifications. Evaluation methods included digital mammography (DM), 3D tomosynthesis and CESM. Traditional DM was first performed then in a period of 10–14-day interval; breast tomosynthesis and contrast-based mammography were performed for the involved breast only. Views at tomosynthesis were acquired in a “step-and-shoot” tube motion mode to produce multiple (11–15), low-dose images and in contrast-enhanced study, low-energy (22–33 kVp) and high-energy (44–49 kVp) exposures were taken after the i.v. injection of the contrast agent. Operative data were the gold standard reference.

Results:
Breast tomosynthesis showed the highest accuracy in size assessment (n = 69, 70.4%) than contrast-enhanced (n = 49, 50%) and regular mammography (n = 59, 60.2%). Contrast-enhanced mammography presented the least performance in assessing calcifications, yet it was most sensitive in the detection of multiplicity (92.3%), followed by tomosynthesis (77%) and regular mammography (53.8%). The combined analysis of the three modalities provided an accuracy of 74% in the “T” staging of breast cancer.

Conclusion:
The combined application of tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced digital mammogram enhanced the performance of the traditional DM and presented an informative method in the staging of breast cancer.

Advances in knowledge:
Staging and management planning of breast cancer can divert according to tumour size, multiplicity and the presence of microcalcifications. DBT shows sharp outlines of the tumour with no overlap tissue and spots microcalcifications. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammogram shows the extent of abnormal contrast uptake and detects multiplicity. Integrated analysis provides optimal findings for proper “T” staging of breast cancer.
Lateral collateral ligament injuries of the elbow – chronic posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI)
Authors: Conti Mica Megan , Caekebeke Pieter , van Riet Roger 
Published: December 2016

Chronic posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) is the most common form of chronic elbow instability. PLRI usually occurs from a fall on the outstretched hand. On impact, the radial head and ulna rotate externally coupled with valgus displacement of the forearm. This leads to posterior displacement of the radial head relative to the capitellum, thus causing disruption of some or all of the lateral-sided stabilisers. PLRI is mainly a clinical diagnosis with a history of instability, clicking and lateral-sided pain, with a positive clinical examination including the pivot-shift test, push-up, chair and tabletop test. MRI can often help guide diagnosis but more commonly assists in surgical planning. Surgery is indicated in patients with persistent, symptomatic instability of the elbow causing pain or functional deficit. There are several surgical techniques to treat PLRI, often leading to good to excellent results. An open or arthroscopic technique has been successfully used in patients with symptomatic PLRI following one or more episodes of dislocation or subluxation. At the pre-operative examination under general anaesthesia, all of our patients had a positive pivot-shift test but not a frank dislocation. We prefer to perform a lateral collateral ligament (LCL) reconstruction with an allograft tendon. The outcomes after repair are good to excellent in the majority of patients. Results of acute repair are generally better compared with reconstruction. This is due to the fact that predictive factors for a poor outcome include the number of previous surgeries and the prevalence of degenerative changes at the elbow. Recurrent instability is not uncommon following repair or reconstruction and has been reported in up to 25% of patients after medium- to longer-term follow-up. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:461-468. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.160033
Chronic medial instability of the elbow
Authors: Savoie Felix H. , O’Brien Michael 
Published: January 2017

Damage to the medial collateral ligament of the elbow from an instability episode usually heals with non-operative treatment. In some cases, residual instability may occur, leading to functional impairment. Non-operative management can be successful when bracing, taping and therapy are used to stabilise the elbow. A recent report detailing the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in effectively treating ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries in throwers has shown promise. However, there remain specific groups that should be considered for repair or reconstruction. These may include throwing athletes, wrestlers and some individuals involved in highly active physical activity which demands stability of the elbow. The results of surgical repair and reconstruction allowing a return to sports are quite good, ranging from 84% to 94%. Complications are generally low and mostly centred on ulnar nerve injuries. This report represents a review of the literature concerning valgus instability over the past five years, supplemented by selective older articles where relevant. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:1-6. DOI:10.1302/2058-5241.2.160037.
Ministry of Youth and Sports’ staff perception of the organizational climate and organizational creativity<p>Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı personelinin örgüt iklimi algıları ile örgütsel yaratıcılık düzeyi
Authors: Yahşi Ümran , Özbek Oğuz 
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational climate perceptions of the staff of Ministry of Youth and Sports and their level of organizational creativity. The research is in the model of survey. The research is a study of situation determination. Population consists of 1200 people working in the Ministry of Youth and Sports. Data collection tool has been applied to 302 people. In the conclusion of research, in terms of the hierarchical and biometrical aspects of organization climate, perceptions of plain public servants’ views is proven to be higher than the perceptions of experts’ and managers’ views. The perception of the staff whose tenure of office is between 11 and 15 years over the relationship, job satisfaction, communication aspects of organization climate is found more positive than that of staff whose tenure of office is between 6-10 years, 5 years and lesser, and 16 years and more. Any meaningful difference was not found in the views with respect to the variables related to individual, administrational and social sub-aspects of organizational creativity. A positive and meaningful relationship was determined between organizational climate and organizational creativity. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı, Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı personelinin örgüt iklimi algıları ile örgütsel yaratıcılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelindedir. Araştırma durum saptayıcı bir çalışmadır. Araştırma evreni Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı’nda çalışan 1200 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracının örneklemini 302 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda; örgüt ikliminin hiyerarşi ve biometrik boyutuna ilişkin memur personelin görüşlerinin algısı yönetici ve uzman personelin algısından daha yüksek bulunmuştur. 11-15 yıl arasında hizmet süresi olan personelin örgüt ikliminin insan ilişkileri, iş doyumu ve iletişim boyutlarına ilişkin algısı, 16 yıl ve üzeri, 5 yıl ve daha az ve 6-10 yıl arasında hizmet süresi olan personele göre daha olumlu bulunmuştur. Örgütsel yaratıcılığın, bireysel, yönetsel ve toplumsal alt boyutlarına ilişkin değişkenlere göre görüşlerde anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Örgüt iklimi ile örgütsel yaratıcılık arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır.
Examining superstitious behavior usage frequencies in sport<p>Sporda batıl davranış kullanım sıklıklarının incelenmesi
Authors: Barut Ali İlhan , Toros Turhan , Kaçay Zülbiye 
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine superstitious behavior usage frequencies according to gender, sport branch, active sport life duration and sport achievement importance in athletes. The sample consists of a total of 160 athletes at basketball, football, tennis and athletics branches in the 1st, 2nd, regional league, amateur league and special sports clubs in Mersin region. In this study for gathering data “Superstitious Ritual Questionnare” were used. Mann Whitney U test is applied to compare two independent groups, Kruskall Wallis test is applied to compare more than two independent groups in the study. SPSS 20.0 for Windows package program was used in data analysis and assessment. As a result, there is a significant difference between tennis division athletes and basketball division athletes in superstitious ritual usage frequency. Furthermore it is found that female athletes use superstitious rituals more than male athletes in gender. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı sporcularda cinsiyet, branş, aktif spor yaşam süresine ve sportif başarının önemine göre batıl davranış kullanım sıklıklarını belirlemektir. Araştırma örneklemini Mersin bölgesindeki 1.lig, 2.lig, bölgesel lig, amatör lig ve özel spor kulüplerinde oynayan basketbol, futbol, tenis, atletizm branşlarında toplam 160 sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplamak amacıyla “Sporda Batıl İnanç ve Davranış Envanteri” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada bağımsız iki grup karşılaştırmalarında Mann Whitney U testi, bağımsız ikiden fazla grubun karşılaştırılmasında Kruskall Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Veri analizi ve değerlendirmesinde SPSS for Windows 20.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak branşlara göre bakıldığında batıl davranış kullanım sıklıkları bakımından tenis branşındaki sporcularla basketbol branşındaki sporcular arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Ayrıca araştırmada cinsiyetler açısından kadın sporcuların erkeklere göre daha fazla batıl davranış kullandıkları gözlenmiştir.
Investigation of the relationship between athlete identity perception, courage and self-confidence<p>Sporcu kimlik algısı ile cesaret ve özgüven duyguları arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi
Authors: Kaçay Zülbiye , Can Yusuf 
Published: December 2016

The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between courage and self-confidence together with an athlete identity perception. In the study, it was also tested whether there were differences in athlete identity perception, courage and self-esteem in terms of age, gender, sport year, sports field and education level.A total of 156 athletes (79 male and 77 female), selected by random sampling methods accepted to participate voluntarily in the research.Athletic Identity Perception Scale, Courage Scale and Self-Confidence Scale were used as a research tool.According to the results of the research, a strong positive correlation was found between sense of athlete identity, courage and inner self-esteem. However, there was no significant relationship between sense of athlete identity and external self-esteem.On the other hand, while no significant difference was determined between courageand internal self-confidence in terms of gender (p>0,05), significant difference was determined in external self-confidence in terms of gender (p <0,05). The results of the study showed that female athletes had a higher sense of external self-esteem than male athletes. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı, sporcu kimlik algısı ile cesaret ve özgüven duyguları arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesidir. Çalışmada ayrıca, sporcuların sporcu kimlik algısı, cesaret ve öz güven duygularında yaş, cinsiyet, spor yılı, spor dalı ve eğitim düzeyi açısından anlamlı farklılıkların bulunup bulunmadığı test edilmiştir.Araştırmaya, tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen ve araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden altı farklı spor dalından 79 erkek ve 77 kadın sporcu olmak üzere toplam 156 sporcu katılmıştır.Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Sporcu Kimlik Algısı Ölçeği, Cesaret ölçeği ve Özgüven Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, sporcu kimlik algısı ile cesaret ve iç özgüven duygusu arasında güçlü bir pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur. Ancak sporcu kimlik algısı ile dış özgüven duygusu arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır.Diğer taraftan, sporcuların sporcu kimlik algısı, cesaret ve iç öz güven duygularında cinsiyet açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken (p>0,05), dış özgüven duygusunda cinsiyet açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Araştırma sonuçları, kadın sporcuların erkek sporculardan daha yüksek dış özgüven duygusuna sahip olduklarını göstermektedir.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor as a biomarker for malignant pleural effusions
Authors: Fafliora Eleftheria , Hatzoglou Chrissi , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I. , Zarogiannis Sotirios G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractConventional methods may fail to identify the cause of pleural effusion (PE), thus establishing reliable biomarkers is deemed necessary. This study aimed at examining the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a biomarker in the differentiation between malignant and benign PEs in adults. A comprehensive literature search in PubMed (Medline), Scopus (ELSEVIER), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases was conducted using keywords. We included studies that evaluated pleural and/or serum levels of VEGF among patients presenting with undiagnosed PE and the association between these levels and the final diagnosis. We performed a meta‐analysis to calculate the summary effect using the random effects model. Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical package for meta‐analysis Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis. Twenty studies were included in the systematic review, while 11 of them in the meta‐analysis. Pleural fluid VEGF levels among patients with malignant PE were increased by 1.93 ng/mL as compared to patients with benign PE (95% CI: 1.32–2.54, Q = 173, df (Q): 10, I2 = 94.2%, P < 0.05). Serum VEGF levels among patients with malignant PE were increased respectively by 1.90 ng/mL (95% CI: 0.93–2.88, Q = 182, df (Q): 6, I2 = 96.7%, P < 0.05). This study showed that malignant PEs were associated with higher levels of both pleural fluid and serum VEGF. VEGF appears to represent a promising biomarker for the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant PEs.
Physical exercise in aging human skeletal muscle increases mitochondrial calcium uniporter expression levels and affects mitochondria dynamics
Authors: Zampieri Sandra , Mammucari Cristina , Romanello Vanina , Barberi Laura , Pietrangelo Laura , Fusella Aurora , Mosole Simone , Gherardi Gaia , Höfer Christian , Löfler Stefan , Sarabon Nejc , Cvecka Jan , Krenn Matthias , Carraro Ugo , Kern Helmut , Protasi Feliciano , Musarò Antonio , Sandri Marco , Rizzuto Rosario 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAge‐related sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass with decline in specific force, having dramatic consequences on mobility and quality of life in seniors. The etiology of sarcopenia is multifactorial and underlying mechanisms are currently not fully elucidated. Physical exercise is known to have beneficial effects on muscle trophism and force production. Alterations of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis regulated by mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) have been recently shown to affect muscle trophism in vivo in mice. To understand the relevance of MCU‐dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in aging and to investigate the effect of physical exercise on MCU expression and mitochondria dynamics, we analyzed skeletal muscle biopsies from 70‐year‐old subjects 9 weeks trained with either neuromuscular electrical stimulation (ES) or leg press. Here, we demonstrate that improved muscle function and structure induced by both trainings are linked to increased protein levels of MCU. Ultrastructural analyses by electron microscopy showed remodeling of mitochondrial apparatus in ES‐trained muscles that is consistent with an adaptation to physical exercise, a response likely mediated by an increased expression of mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1. Altogether these results indicate that the ES‐dependent physiological effects on skeletal muscle size and force are associated with changes in mitochondrial‐related proteins involved in Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial shape. These original findings in aging human skeletal muscle confirm the data obtained in mice and propose MCU and mitochondria‐related proteins as potential pharmacological targets to counteract age‐related muscle loss.
Smoking correlates with increased cytoskeletal protein‐related coding region mutations in the lung and head and neck datasets of the cancer genome atlas
Authors: Yavorski John M. , Blanck George 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCancer from smoking tobacco is considered dependent on mutagens, but significant molecular aspects of smoking‐specific, cancer development remain unknown. We defined sets of coding regions for oncoproteins, tumor suppressor proteins, and cytoskeletal‐related proteins that were compared between nonsmokers and smokers, for mutation occurrences, in the lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC), bladder carcinoma (BLCA), and pancreatic adenocarcinoma ( PAAD) datasets from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA). We uncovered significant differences in overall mutation rates, and in mutation rates in cytoskeletal protein‐related coding regions (CPCRs, including extracellular matrix protein coding regions), between nonsmokers and smokers in LUAD and HNSC (P < 0.001), raising the question of whether the CPCR mutation differences lead to different clinical courses for nonsmoker and smoker cancers. Another important question inspired by these results is, whether high smoker cancer mutation rates would facilitate genotoxicity or neoantigen‐based therapies. No significant, mutation‐based differences were found in the BLCA or PAAD datasets, between nonsmokers and smokers. However, a significant difference was uncovered for the average number of overall cancer mutations, in LUAD, for persons who stopped smoking more than 15 years ago, compared with more recent smokers (P < 0.032).