bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Foundations of Elastoplastic Deformations in Solids
Authors: Daya Reddy B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis chapter presents a treatment of the mathematical aspects of continuum elastoplasticity. The focus is on rate‐independent material behavior, with the flow relations constructed within the framework of convex analysis. The basis for variational treatments of the problem is the versions of the flow relation that use the dissipation function or, alternatively, the yield surface with a normality law: these are referred to, respectively, as the primal and dual formulations. Both formulations are discussed, with emphasis on the former. Some results on the convergence of fully discrete approximations, using finite elements in space, are presented. The associated predictor–corrector algorithms are described, and their convergence behavior is discussed. A discussion of the large‐deformation theory includes an overview of the derivative‐free energetic formulation, due to Mielke and coworkers, and of which the primal formulation discussed in the small‐strain theory is a special case. Relevant results from functional analysis and function spaces are summarized at appropriate places in the presentation.
Extended Finite Element Methods
Authors: Moës Nicolas , Dolbow J. E. , Sukumar N. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis chapter begins with a mechanical description of models involving stationary and moving interfaces. The extended finite element method (X‐FEM) is then detailed for three different scenarios: crack‐like interfaces, material interfaces, and free surfaces. As in the case of related methods (generalized FEM (GFEM), partition of unity FEM (PUFEM)), X‐FEM relies on approximation technology that is based on a partition of unity construction. The method uses evolving enrichment functions to represent evolving geometric features and capture the local character of the solution in their vicinity. The use of the level‐set method to update such features is a natural complement to X‐FEM.
Computational Phase‐Field Modeling
Authors: Gomez Hector , van der Zee Kristoffer G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPhase‐field modeling is emerging as a promising tool for the treatment of problems with interfaces. The classical description of interface problems requires the numerical solution of partial differential equations on moving domains in which the domain motions are also unknowns. The computational treatment of these problems requires moving meshes and is very difficult when these domains undergo topological changes. Phase‐field modeling may be understood as a methodology to reformulate interface problems as equations posed on fixed domains. In some cases, the phase‐field model may be shown to converge to the moving‐boundary problem as a regularization parameter tends to zero, which shows the mathematical soundness of the approach. However, this is only part of the story because phase‐field models do not need to have a moving‐boundary problem associated and can be rigorously derived from classical thermomechanics. In this context, the distinguishing feature is that constitutive models depend on the variational derivative of the free energy. In all, phase‐field models open the opportunity for the efficient treatment of outstanding problems in computational mechanics, such as the interaction of a large number of cracks in three dimensions, cavitation, film and nucleate boiling, tumor growth, or fully three‐dimensional air–water flows with surface tension. In addition, phase‐field models bring a new set of challenges for numerical discretization, which will excite the computational mechanics community.
A polygenic score for schizophrenia predicts glycemic control
Authors: Cao Han , Chen Junfang , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Schwarz Emanuel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSchizophrenia is substantially comorbid with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the molecular basis of this effect is incompletely understood. Here, we show that a cortical schizophrenia expression score predicts glycemic control from pancreatic islet cell expression. We used machine learning to identify a cortical expression signature in 212 schizophrenia patients and controls, which explained ~25% of the illness-associated variance. The algorithm was predicted in expression data from 51 subjects (9 with T2D), explained up to 26.3% of the variance in the glycemic control indicator HbA1c and could significantly differentiate T2D patients from controls. The cross-tissue prediction was driven by processes previously linked to diabetes. Genes contributing to this prediction were involved in the electron transport chain as well as kidney development and support oxidative stress as a molecular process underlying the comorbidity between both conditions. Together, the present results suggest a molecular commonality between schizophrenia and glycemic markers of type 2 diabetes.
DNA methylation signatures of illicit drug injection and hepatitis C are associated with HIV frailty
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Hu Ying , Justice Amy C , Li Boyang , Wang Zuoheng , Zhao Hongyu , Krystal John H , Xu Ke 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntravenous illicit drug use (IDU) and hepatitis C infection (HCV) commonly co-occur among HIV-infected individuals. These co-occurring conditions may produce interacting epigenetic effects in white blood cells that influence immune function and health outcomes. Here, we report an epigenome-wide association analysis comparing IDU+/ HCV+ and IDU−/HCV− in 386 HIV-infected individuals as a discovery sample and in 412 individuals as a replication sample. We observe 6 significant CpGs in the promoters of 4 genes, NLRC5, TRIM69, CX3CR1, and BCL9, in the discovery sample and in meta-analysis. We identify 19 differentially methylated regions on chromosome 6 harboring MHC gene clusters. Importantly, a panel of IDU+/HCV+-associated CpGs discriminated HIV frailty based upon a validated index with an area under the curve of 79.3% for high frailty and 82.3% for low frailty. These findings suggest that IDU and HCV involve epigenetic programming and that their associated methylation signatures discriminate HIV pathophysiologic frailty.
Systems analysis identifies melanoma-enriched pro-oncogenic networks controlled by the RNA binding protein CELF1
Authors: Cifdaloz Metehan , Osterloh Lisa , Graña Osvaldo , Riveiro-Falkenbach Erica , Ximénez-Embún Pilar , Muñoz Javier , Tejedo Cristina , Calvo Tonantzin G. , Karras Panagiotis , Olmeda David , Miñana Belén , Gómez-López Gonzalo , Cañon Estela , Eyras Eduardo , Guo Haihong , Kappes Ferdinand , Ortiz-Romero Pablo L. , Rodríguez-Peralto Jose L. , Megías Diego , Valcárcel Juan , Soengas María S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMelanomas are well-known for their altered mRNA expression profiles. Yet, the specific contribution of mRNA binding proteins (mRBPs) to melanoma development remains unclear. Here we identify a cluster of melanoma-enriched genes under the control of CUGBP Elav-like family member 1 (CELF1). CELF1 was discovered with a distinct prognostic value in melanoma after mining the genomic landscape of the 692 known mRBPs across different cancer types. Genome-wide transcriptomic, proteomic, and RNA-immunoprecipitation studies, together with loss-of-function analyses in cell lines, and histopathological evaluation in clinical biopsies, revealed an intricate repertoire of CELF1-RNA interactors with minimal overlap with other malignancies. This systems approach uncovered the oncogene DEK as an unexpected target and downstream effector of CELF1. Importantly, CELF1 and DEK were found to represent early-induced melanoma genes and adverse indicators of overall patient survival. These results underscore novel roles of CELF1 in melanoma, illustrating tumor type-restricted functions of RBPs in cancer.
Tailoring tobacco hairy root metabolism for the production of stilbenes
Authors: Hidalgo Diego , Georgiev Milen , Marchev Andrey , Bru-Martínez Roque , Cusido Rosa M. , Corchete Purificación , Palazon Javier 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTobacco hairy root (HR) cultures, which have been widely used for the heterologous production of target compounds, have an innate capacity to bioconvert exogenoust-resveratrol (t-R) intot-piceatannol (t-Pn) andt-pterostilbene (t-Pt). We established genetically engineered HR carrying the gene encoding stilbene synthase (STS) fromVitis viniferaand/or the transcription factor (TF) AtMYB12 fromArabidopsis thaliana, in order to generate a holistic response in the phenylpropanoid pathway and coordinate the up-regulation of multiple metabolic steps. Additionally, an artificial microRNA for chalcone synthase (amiRNA CHS) was utilized to arrest the normal flux through the endogenous chalcone synthase (CHS) enzyme, which would otherwise compete for precursors with the STS enzyme imported for the flux deviation. The transgenic HR were able to biosynthesize the target stilbenes, achieving a production of 40 μg L−1oft-R, which was partially metabolized intot-Pn andt-Pt (up to 2.2 μg L−1and 86.4 μg L−1, respectively), as well as its glucoside piceid (up to 339.7 μg L−1). Major metabolic perturbations were caused by the TF AtMYB12, affecting both primary and secondary metabolism, which confirms the complexity of biotechnological systems based on seed plantin vitrocultures for the heterologous production of high-value molecules.
Gefährliche Gase
Authors: Tabori Ernst 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Laser- und Elektrochirurgie Bei der operativen Behandlung mit dem CO2-Laser oder Elektrokauter speziell von HPV-haltigem
Material, zum Beispiel anogenitaler Condylomata acuminata, können gesundheitsschädliche Rauchgase entstehen. Wie Sie sich davor schützen,
erläutert unser Experte vom Deutschen Beratungszentrum für Hygiene.
Sind wir wirklich so glücklich, wie wir es glauben? Eine kritische Untersuchung der Arbeitszufriedenheit an einer Universitätskinderklinik
Authors: Hiemisch Andreas , Stöbel-Richter Yve , Grande Gesine , Brähler Elmar , Kiess Wieland 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Trotz zahlreich berichteter Defizite und einem zunehmend angespannten Arbeitsumfeld in deutschen Krankenhäusern wird die Arbeitszufriedenheit von den Mitarbeitern regelmäßig als hoch bis sehr hoch einschätzt. Damit fehlen wichtige Argumente zur nachhaltigen Verbesserung von Arbeitsbedingungen gegenüber den Vorständen. Aus dieser Diskrepanz zwischen Arbeitsbedingungen und subjektiver Zufriedenheit ergab sich die Motivation für die vorliegende Arbeit.
Methodik Die Datenerhebung erfolgte mittels einer Mitarbeiterbefragung am Kinderzentrum des Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR. Unterteilt wurde nach ärztlichem, Pflege- und Funktionsdienst. Gemessen wurde die subjektive Arbeitszufriedenheit anhand der fast ausschließlich in Unternehmen verwendeten klassischen Globalurteile vs. qualitative Arbeitszufriedenheit nach dem weit moderneren kognitiv-emotionalen Konzept des „Schweizer Modells“. Darüber hinaus wurden Arbeitszeit, arbeitsbedingte psychische Belastungsfolgen, Kündigungsbereitschaft und reale Austritte in Relation gesetzt.
Ergebnisse Die Auswertung der klassischen Globalurteile zeigt hohe Arbeitszufriedenheitsquoten. Im Vergleich dazu ergibt die qualitative Analyse, dass nur jeder vierte Mitarbeiter und bei den Ärzten sogar nur jeder zehnte real mit seinem Job zufrieden ist. Insgesamt resultieren 4 Zufriedenheitsgruppen. Deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Berufsgruppen zeigen die altersstratifizierten Profile und die Auswertung der psychischen Belastungsfolgen. Konträr verhält sich die Kündigungsbereitschaft.
Schlussfolgerung Bei den vielfach publizierten Ergebnissen hoher Arbeitszufriedenheit in Krankenhäusern handelt es sich in der Mehrzahl um resignativ zufriedene Mitarbeiter. Dies resultiert psychodynamisch aus einer Spannungskompensation. Mit den klassischen Globalurteilen ist dies nicht messbar. Ebenso undetektiert bleiben in der Regel die konstruktiv unzufriedenen Mitarbeiter, welche für Unternehmen eine oftmals unterschätzte Ressource darstellen. Deren Spannungsreduktion resultiert dann meist in einem Jobwechsel.
Jewish Scribes and Christian Patrons: The Hebraica Collection of Johann Jakob Fugger
Authors: Steimann Ilona 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAcquiring Hebrew books was a common practice among Christian humanists. More surprising, perhaps, is that a large group of Hebrew manuscripts was produced for a Christian library. A Jewish scribal workshop organized by Johann Jakob Fugger (1516–75) in Venice—here analyzed for the first time—is one of the rarest examples of this phenomenon that emerged out of Renaissance book culture. To understand Fugger’s extensive bibliophilic enterprise, this essay examines the circulation and dissemination of Hebrew texts from the Jewish bookshelf among Christians, the relationships between Christian patrons and Jewish scribes, and the role of manuscripts as agents of print and as objects of collecting.
The Summating Potential Is a Reliable Marker of Electrode Position in Electrocochleography: Cochlear Implant as a Theragnostic Probe
Authors: Helmstaedter Victor , Lenarz Thomas , Erfurt Peter , Kral Andrej , Baumhoff Peter 
Published: December 2017

Objective:
For the increasing number of cochlear implantations in subjects with residual hearing, hearing preservation, and thus the prevention of implantation trauma, is crucial. A method for monitoring the intracochlear position of a cochlear implant (CI) and early indication of imminent cochlear trauma would help to assist the surgeon to achieve this goal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the different electric components recorded by an intracochlear electrocochleography (ECochG) as markers for the cochleotopic position of a CI. The measurements were made directly from the CI, combining intrasurgical diagnostics with the therapeutical use of the CI, thus, turning the CI into a “theragnostic probe.”

Design:
Intracochlear ECochGs were measured in 10 Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs of either sex, with normal auditory brainstem response thresholds. All subjects were fully implanted (4 to 5 mm) with a custom six contact CI. The ECochG was recorded simultaneously from all six contacts with monopolar configuration (retroauricular reference electrode). The gross ECochG signal was filtered off-line to separate three of its main components: compound action potential, cochlear microphonic, and summating potential (SP). Additionally, five cochleae were harvested and histologically processed to access the spatial position of the CI contacts. Both ECochG data and histological reconstructions of the electrode position were fitted with the Greenwood function to verify the reliability of the deduced cochleotopic position of the CI.

Results:
SPs could be used as suitable markers for the frequency position of the recording electrode with an accuracy of ±1/4 octave in the functioning cochlea, verified by histology. Cochlear microphonics showed a dependency on electrode position but were less reliable as positional markers. Compound action potentials were not suitable for CI position information but were sensitive to “cochlear health” (e.g., insertion trauma).

Conclusions:
SPs directly recorded from the contacts of a CI during surgery can be used to access the intracochlear frequency position of the CI. Using SP monitoring, implantation may be stopped before penetrating functioning cochlear regions. If the technique was similarly effective in humans, it could prevent implantation trauma and increase hearing preservation during CI surgery. Diagnostic hardware and software for recording biological signals with a CI without filter limitations might be a valuable add-on to the portfolios of CI manufacturers.
Existential distress and meaning-focused interventions in cancer survivorship
Authors: Vehling Sigrun , Philipp Rebecca 
Published: December 2017

Purpose of review
Cancer can challenge fundamental assumptions about security, controllability and life priorities, which may lead to clinically relevant existential distress. We review recent studies on the prevalence of existential distress in cancer survivors, its distinctness from other distress concepts and interventions to address cancer-specific existential challenges. We further describe psychological mechanisms that may underlie change resulting from such interventions.

Recent findings
One-third to one-half of cancer survivors experienced existential fears and concerns related to reduced control, identity and uncertainty about the future. Clinically relevant levels of demoralization (a state comprising loss of meaning and a sense of poor coping) were found in one in four to five cancer patients in mixed samples. Existential interventions have shown positive effects in facilitating personal meaning and promoting psychological adaptation.

Summary
Existential distress can be understood as a distinct dimension of cancer-related distress requiring attention from healthcare professionals. Psychosocial interventions can facilitate dealing with existential challenges during and while transitioning to longer term survivorship. Such interventions can effectively support survivors to manage uncertainty, link cancer to their life story and engage in meaningful activity despite an uncertain and potentially foreshortened future.
Valproic acid induces prosurvival transcriptomic changes in swine subjected to traumatic injury and hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Georgoff Patrick E. , Nikolian Vahagn C. , Higgins Gerald , Chtraklin Kiril , Eidy Hassan , Ghandour Mohamed H. , Williams Aaron , Athey Brian , Alam Hasan B. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND
Valproic acid (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that improves outcomes in large animal models of trauma. However, its protective mechanism of action is not completely understood. We sought to characterize the genetic changes induced by VPA treatment following traumatic injuries.

METHODS
Six female Yorkshire swine were subjected to traumatic brain injury (controlled cortical impact), polytrauma (liver and splenic laceration, rib fracture, rectus crush), and hemorrhagic shock (HS, 40% total blood volume). Following 2 hours of HS, animals were randomized to resuscitation with normal saline (NS) or NS + 150 mg/kg of intravenous VPA (n = 3/cohort, 18 samples total). Blood samples were collected for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells at three distinct time points: baseline, 6 hours following injuries, and on postinjury day 1. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sequenced. Differential expression analysis (false discovery rate < 0.001 and p value <0.001) and gene set enrichment (Panther Gene Ontology and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) was used to compare VPA to non–VPA-treated animals.

RESULTS
A total of 628 differentially expressed RNA transcripts were identified, 412 of which were used for analysis. There was no difference between treatment groups at baseline. The VPA-induced genetic changes were similar at 6 hours and on postinjury day 1. Upregulated genes were associated with gene expression (p 2.13E-34), cellular development (1.19E-33), cellular growth and proliferation (1.25E-30), and glucocorticoid receptor signaling (8.6E-21). Downregulated genes were associated with cell cycle checkpoint regulation (3.64E-22), apoptosis signaling (6.54E-21), acute phase response signaling (5.84E-23), and the inflammasome pathway (1.7E-19).

CONCLUSION
In injured swine, VPA increases the expression of genes associated with cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation and decreases those associated with cell death and inflammation. These genetic changes could explain the superior clinical outcomes in VPA-treated animals, including smaller brain lesion size and improved neurologic recovery.
GORAB, a Golgi protein required for centriole structure and duplication
Authors: Kovacs Levente , Chao-Chu Jennifer , Schneider Sandra , Gottardo Marco , Tzolovsky George , Dzhindzhev Nikola S. , Riparbelli Maria Giovanna , Callaini Giuliano , Glover David M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGenome wide screens are widely believed to have identified the great majority of genes required for centriole duplication. However, seeking to clarify the partners of the Drosophila cartwheel protein Sas6, we identified Gorab, a known trans-Golgi associated protein that is mutated in the human wrinkly skin disease, gerodermia osteodysplastica. We now report that Gorab is present not only in the trans-Golgi but also in association with Sas6 at the core of the centriole. Flies lacking Gorab show defects in centriole duplication in many tissues and are also uncoordinated due to basal body defects in sensory cilia, which lose their 9-fold symmetry. We demonstrate the separation of centriole and Golgi functions of Drosophila Gorab in two ways: First, we have created Gorab variants that are unable to localize to trans-Golgi but can still rescue the centriole and cilia defects of gorab null flies. Secondly, we show that expression of C-terminally tagged Gorab disrupts Golgi functions in cytokinesis of male meiosis, a dominant phenotype overcome by a second mutation preventing Golgi targeting. We discuss the tissue specific requirement of Gorab for centriole duplication in the context of its split functions.
Template-based prediction of vigilance fluctuations in resting-state fMRI
Authors: Falahpour Maryam , Chang Catie , Wong Chi Wah , Liu Thomas T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChanges in vigilance or alertness during a typical resting state fMRI scan are inevitable and have been found to affect measures of functional brain connectivity. Since it is not often feasible to monitor vigilance with EEG during fMRI scans, it would be of great value to have methods for estimating vigilance levels from fMRI data alone. A recent study, conducted in macaque monkeys, proposed a template-based approach for fMRI-based estimation of vigilance fluctuations. Here, we use simultaneously acquired EEG/fMRI data to investigate whether the same template-based approach can be employed to estimate vigilance fluctuations of awake humans across different resting-state conditions. We first demonstrate that the spatial pattern of correlations between EEG-defined vigilance and fMRI in our data is consistent with the previous literature. Notably, however, we observed a significant difference between the eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) conditions finding stronger negative correlations with vigilance in regions forming the default mode network and higher positive correlations in thalamus and insula in the EC condition when compared to the EO condition. Taking these correlation maps as “templates” for vigilance estimation, we found that the template-based approach produced fMRI-based vigilance estimates that were significantly correlated with EEG-based vigilance measures, indicating its generalizability from macaques to humans. We also demonstrate that the performance of this method was related to the overall amount of variability in a subject’s vigilance state, and that the template-based approach outperformed the use of the global signal as a vigilance estimator. In addition, we show that the template-based approach can be used to estimate the variability across scans in the amplitude of the vigilance fluctuations. We discuss the benefits and tradeoffs of using the template-based approach in future fMRI studies.