bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
¿Cómo Lo Escribo en Inglés o en Español? Writing in Dual‐Language Learners
Authors: Gillanders Cristina 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to describe the development of writing in young dual language learners, who are children under 5 years old who are learning the dominant language and another language at the same time. Early writing has been associated with literacy outcomes in the later years of elementary school. The article presents samples of different forms of young dual language learners’ writing and ways to interpret them. It also describes strategies for teachers to observe dual language learners’ writing development, create meaningful writing opportunities in the classroom that are based on authentic uses of writing in their homes and communities, and provide scaffolding for students’ learning. Examples are given to illustrate how teachers can promote opportunities to write and encourage the discovery of the specific characteristics of the written system in each language.
Damage Control Surgery for Non‐traumatic Abdominal Emergencies
Authors: Girard Edouard , Abba Julio , Boussat Bastien , Trilling Bertrand , Mancini Adrian , Bouzat Pierre , Létoublon Christian , Chirica Mircea , Arvieux Catherine 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundDamage control surgery (DCS) was a major paradigm change in the management of critically ill trauma patients and has gradually expanded in the general surgery arena, but data in this setting are still scarce. The study aim was to evaluate outcomes of DCS in patients with general surgery emergencies.MethodsBetween 2005 and 2015, 164 patients (104 men, age 66) underwent DCS for non‐traumatic abdominal emergencies. The decision to perform DCS was triggered by the presence of at least one trauma DCS criterion: hypotension (<70 mmHg), hypothermia (<35 °C), acidosis (pH < 7.25), coagulopathy (INR ≥ 1.7) and massive (>5 RBC) transfusion. Statistical tests were performed to identify risk factors for operative mortality. Observed outcomes were compared to those predicted by commonly employed scores (APACHE II, POSSUM, P‐POSSUM, SAPS II).ResultsDCS was performed for acute mesenteric ischemia (n = 68), peritonitis (n = 44), pancreatitis (n = 28), bleeding (n = 14) and other (n = 10). Abdominal compartment syndrome was associated in 52 patients (32%). Seventy‐four (45%) patients died and 150 patients (91%) experienced complications. On multivariate analysis, age (p = 0.018) and INR ≥ 1.7 (p = 0.001) were independent predictors of mortality. Mortality was 24% (13/55), 48% (22/46) and 62% (39/63) in patients with one, two and ≥3 DCS criteria, respectively. Comparison of observed and score‐predicted mortality suggested DCS use resulted in significant survival benefit of the whole cohort and of patients with pancreatitis and postoperative peritonitis.ConclusionsDCS can be lifesaving in critically ill patients with general surgery emergencies. Patients with peritonitis and acute pancreatitis are those who benefit most of the DCS approach.
Climatic control of seed longevity of Silene during the post‐zygotic phase: do seeds from warm, dry climates possess higher maturity and desiccation tolerance than seeds from cold, wet climates?
Authors: Zani Deborah , Müller Jonas V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeed longevity derived from artificial ageing experiments has been shown to be related to the macroclimate at the sampling site and with individual seed traits. Nevertheless, the ecological interpretation of artificial seed longevity remains to be clarified. In this article, the ecological significance of seed longevity expressed by the p50 index was explored using 16 closely related populations of the genus Silene L. Seeds were subjected to an artificial ageing treatment at 45 °C, 60% relative humidity and regularly tested for germination. The decline of viability to 50% (p50 index) was calculated using probit analysis. Its relationship with known ecological predictors of seed longevity was assessed by multiple regression analysis. Values of p50 ranged from 3.7 to 68.3 days. Seed lots which normally experience drought during the post‐zygotic phase in a dry, warm environment, were long‐lived. Consistently, precipitation during the driest months of the reproductive period was the strongest predictor of p50 variability (partial regression, R2 = 0.424). We could not find any relationship between ex situ seed longevity and soil seed bank formation or seed size. Our results indicate that ex situ seed longevity has an ecological significance related to long‐term climatic differences at population site. Increased longevity presumably reflects resistance to desiccation stress attained by seeds through local adaptation to warm, dry climates. We cannot exclude that seed tolerance to ageing could also represent phenotypic plasticity mediated by a drier maturation environment. The vulnerability of seeds from wet, cool climates and the adaptive response of seed longevity to different environments may have implications for ex situ conservation in the face of climate warming.
Detergent‐Compatible Robust Alkaline Protease from Newly Isolated Halotolerant Salinicoccus sp. UN‐12
Authors: Mokashe Narendra , Chaudhari Bhushan , Patil Ulhas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCurrently, enzyme‐containing blended detergent preparations are favored in the detergent industry. The detergent compatibility of an enzyme depends on its robustness to withstand harsh operating conditions and maintain efficient functioning in the presence of various surfactants and detergents. Alkaline proteases from halotolerant microbes having the capability to work in demanding environments are desirable for their application in the detergent industry. The protease secreted by a halotolerant soil isolate Salinicoccus sp. UN‐12 was evaluated for its suitability in detergent formulations. The studied enzyme is an alkaline serine protease (63 kDa) with an optimum temperature of 55 °C and optimum pH of 8.5. The protease was purified 17‐fold with a 4% yield. The protease was active in NaCl (up to 4 mol) and showed enhanced activity in the presence of CaCl2, KCl, and MnCl2. In addition, the proteolytic activity was sustained in the presence of various organic solvents, cyclodextrin, disodium cocoamphodiacetate, ionic liquids, hydrotropes, and ultrasound. This report is the first to document the multifarious robustness and novel attributes of a protease secreted by the newly isolated Salinicoccus sp. UN‐12. The protease‐detergent formulation efficiently removes blood, egg, grass, and tomato sauce stains. This protease is now available for efficient and eco‐friendly applications in the detergent industry.
The role of the mother‐child relationship in the route from child ADHD to adolescent symptoms of depressed mood☆
Authors: Giannotta Fabrizia , Rydell Ann‐Margret 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWe attempt to explain the co‐variation between ADHD and symptoms of depressed mood, focusing on the family context and testing whether the mother‐child relationship mediates or moderates the link between child ADHD and youth depressed mood symptoms. In a longitudinal study, we used mother and youth reports for 596 Swedish youth, 50% boys, from a community sample at 10, 15, and 18 years of age. The results did not support the mediation hypothesis. Only one moderation effect was found. Mother‐child conflicts in mid‐adolescence, as rated by mothers, increased symptoms of depressed mood symptoms in late adolescent only for youth with high levels of hyperactivity symptoms. However, depressed mood symptoms at age 18 were predicted by low mother‐child involvement in mid‐adolescence, over and above the effects of inattention symptoms. This latter finding was consistent across mother and youth ratings of the relationship. Implications of these results are discussed.
The pros and cons of listening devices
Authors: DALE ROBERT 
Published: September 2017

AbstractVastly improved speech recognition, backed by a more slowly improving ability to make sense of the recognized speech, has brought state-of-the-art NLP into our homes in the form of smart speakers and other devices that listen. There’s no doubt these devices can be incredibly useful, but they also may also support incursions into our privacy. We look at where we are today, consider what might be coming, and express just a tad of caution.
Simplifying choices in defined contribution retirement plan design: a case study
Authors: KEIM DONALD B. , MITCHELL OLIVIA S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe growth and popularity of defined contribution pensions, along with the government's increasing attention to retirement plan costs and investment choices provided, make it important to understand how people select their retirement plan investments. This paper shows how employees in a large firm altered their fund allocations when the employer streamlined its pension fund menu and deleted nearly half of the offered funds. Using administrative data, we examine the changes in plan participant investment choices that resulted from the streamlining and how these changes might affect participants’ eventual retirement wellbeing. We show that streamlined participants’ new allocations exhibited significantly lower within-fund turnover rates and expense ratios, and we estimate this could lead to aggregate savings for these participants over a 20-year period of $20.2 M, or in excess of $9,400 per participant. Moreover, after the reform, streamlined participants’ portfolios held significantly less equity and exhibited significantly lower risks by way of reduced exposures to most systematic risk factors, compared with their non-streamlined counterparts.
PRAS40 promotes NF-κB transcriptional activity through association with p65
Authors: Zhu G , Qi Q , Havel J J , Li Z , Du Y , Zhang X , Fu H 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPRAS40 has been shown to have a crucial role in the repression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Nonetheless, PRAS40 appears to have an oncogenic function in cancer cells. Whether PRAS40 mediates signaling independent of mTOR inhibition in cancer cells remains elusive. Here PRAS40 overexpression in lung adenocarcinoma and cutaneous melanoma was significantly correlated to worse prognosis. And we identified an unexpected role for PRAS40 in the regulation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling. P65, a subunit of the NF-κB transcription factor complex, was confirmed to associate with PRAS40 by glutathione S-transferase co-precipitation. Importantly, we found that PRAS40 can enhance NF-κB transcriptional activity in a manner dependent upon PRAS40–P65 association. Furthermore, we found that a small p65-derived peptide can disrupt the PRAS40–P65 association and significantly decrease NF-κB transcriptional activity. These findings may help elucidate the pleiotropic functions of PRAS40 in cells and suggest a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer patients with high expression of PRAS40 and NF-κB.
Exact mass analysis of sulfur clusters upon encapsulation by a polyaromatic capsular matrix
Authors: Matsuno Sho , Yamashina Masahiro , Sei Yoshihisa , Akita Munetaka , Kuzume Akiyoshi , Yamamoto Kimihisa , Yoshizawa Michito 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStructural determination of inorganic clusters relies heavily on mass spectrometry because of, in most cases, their poor responsivities toward nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet/visible, and infrared analyses. Nevertheless, mass spectrometry analysis of oligosulfurs (S
n
), which are unique clusters with copious allotropic forms, usually displays their fragment peaks. Here we report that a polyaromatic capsule acts as a supramolecular matrix for the mass determination of the neutral sulfur clusters. Upon encapsulation, molecular ion peaks derived from the host–guest complexes including cyclic S6 and S8 clusters are exclusively detected by common electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis of a cyclic S12 cluster, which is in situ prepared from two S6 clusters within the matrix upon light irradiation, is achieved by the same way. The present matrix can remarkably stabilize the otherwise labile S6 and S12 clusters in the polyaromatic shell not only under mass spectrometry conditions but also in an ambient solution state.
Breathing dissipative solitons in optical microresonators
Authors: Lucas E. , Karpov M. , Guo H. , Gorodetsky M. L. , Kippenberg T. J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDissipative solitons are self-localised structures resulting from the double balance of dispersion by nonlinearity and dissipation by a driving force arising in numerous systems. In Kerr-nonlinear optical resonators, temporal solitons permit the formation of light pulses in the cavity and the generation of coherent optical frequency combs. Apart from shape-invariant stationary solitons, these systems can support breathing dissipative solitons exhibiting a periodic oscillatory behaviour. Here, we generate and study single and multiple breathing solitons in coherently driven microresonators. We present a deterministic route to induce soliton breathing, allowing a detailed exploration of the breathing dynamics in two microresonator platforms. We measure the relation between the breathing frequency and two control parameters—pump laser power and effective-detuning—and observe transitions to higher periodicity, irregular oscillations and switching, in agreement with numerical predictions. Using a fast detection, we directly observe the spatiotemporal dynamics of individual solitons, which provides evidence of breather synchronisation.
Peroxiredoxin 6 mediates Gαi protein-coupled receptor inactivation by cJun kinase
Authors: Schattauer Selena S. , Land Benjamin B. , Reichard Kathryn L. , Abraham Antony D. , Burgeno Lauren M. , Kuhar Jamie R. , Phillips Paul E. M. , Ong Shao En , Chavkin Charles 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInactivation of opioid receptors limits the therapeutic efficacy of morphine-like analgesics and mediates the long duration of kappa opioid antidepressants by an uncharacterized, arrestin-independent mechanism. Here we use an iterative, discovery-based proteomic approach to show that following opioid administration, peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is recruited to the opioid receptor complex by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. PRDX6 activation generates reactive oxygen species via NADPH oxidase, reducing the palmitoylation of receptor-associated Gαi in a JNK-dependent manner. Selective inhibition of PRDX6 blocks Gαi depalmitoylation, prevents the enhanced receptor G-protein association and blocks acute analgesic tolerance to morphine and kappa opioid receptor inactivation in vivo. Opioid stimulation of JNK also inactivates dopamine D2 receptors in a PRDX6-dependent manner. We show that the loss of this lipid modification distorts the receptor G-protein association, thereby preventing agonist-induced guanine nucleotide exchange. These findings establish JNK-dependent PRDX6 recruitment and oxidation-induced Gαi depalmitoylation as an additional mechanism of Gαi-G-protein-coupled receptor inactivation.
Superplasticity in a lean Fe-Mn-Al steel
Authors: Han Jeongho , Kang Seok-Hyeon , Lee Seung-Joon , Kawasaki Megumi , Lee Han-Joo , Ponge Dirk , Raabe Dierk , Lee Young-Kook 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSuperplastic alloys exhibit extremely high ductility (>300%) without cracks when tensile-strained at temperatures above half of their melting point. Superplasticity, which resembles the flow behavior of honey, is caused by grain boundary sliding in metals. Although several non-ferrous and ferrous superplastic alloys are reported, their practical applications are limited due to high material cost, low strength after forming, high deformation temperature, and complicated fabrication process. Here we introduce a new compositionally lean (Fe-6.6Mn-2.3Al, wt.%) superplastic medium Mn steel that resolves these limitations. The medium Mn steel is characterized by ultrafine grains, low material costs, simple fabrication, i.e., conventional hot and cold rolling, low deformation temperature (ca. 650 °C) and superior ductility above 1300% at 850 °C. We suggest that this ultrafine-grained medium Mn steel may accelerate the commercialization of superplastic ferrous alloys.
Using chirality to probe the conformational dynamics and assembly of intrinsically disordered amyloid proteins
Authors: Raskatov Jevgenij A. , Teplow David B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntrinsically disordered protein (IDP) conformers occupy large regions of conformational space and display relatively flat energy surfaces. Amyloid-forming IDPs, unlike natively folded proteins, have folding trajectories that frequently involve movements up shallow energy gradients prior to the “downhill” folding leading to fibril formation. We suggest that structural perturbations caused by chiral inversions of amino acid side-chains may be especially valuable in elucidating these pathways of IDP folding. Chiral inversions are subtle in that they do not change side-chain size, flexibility, hydropathy, charge, or polarizability. They allow focus to be placed solely on the question of how changes in amino acid side-chain orientation, and the resultant alterations in peptide backbone structure, affect a peptide’s conformational landscape (Ramachandran space). If specific inversions affect folding and assembly, then the sites involved likely are important in mediating these processes. We suggest here a “focused chiral mutant library” approach for the unbiased study of amyloid-forming IDPs.
Human Amniotic Membrane Mesenchymal Stem Cells inhibit Neutrophil Extracellular Traps through TSG-6
Authors: Magaña-Guerrero Fátima Sofía , Domínguez-López Alfredo , Martínez-Aboytes Pamela , Buentello-Volante Beatriz , Garfias Yonathan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe mesenchymal stem cells obtained from human amniotic membrane (hAMSC) possess immunosuppressive functions through soluble factors such as prostanoids and proteins; thus, they have been proposed to ameliorate inflammatory processes. On the other hand, activated neutrophils are cells of the first line of immune defense that are able to release extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are formed of DNA and granular components; however, the excessive release of NETs is associated with the development of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we identified that conditioned medium (CM) from hAMSC was able to diminish NETs release, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mitochondrial membrane potential from LPS-stimulated mouse bone marrow-derived neutrophils (BMN). Interestingly, NETs inhibition, ROS levels decrease and mitochondrial membrane potential loss were reverted when LPS-stimulated murine derived BMN were exposed to the CM from hAMSC transfected with TSG-6-siRNA. Finally, rhTSG6 was able to significantly diminish NETs release in BMN. These data suggest an inhibition mechanism of NETs ROS-dependent in which TSG-6 participates. Consequently, we propose the hAMSC use as a therapeutic candidate in the treatment of inflammatory diseases in which NETs are involved.
Pathways of DNA unlinking: A story of stepwise simplification
Authors: Stolz Robert , Yoshida Masaaki , Brasher Reuben , Flanner Michelle , Ishihara Kai , Sherratt David J. , Shimokawa Koya , Vazquez Mariel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn Escherichia coli DNA replication yields interlinked chromosomes. Controlling topological changes associated with replication and returning the newly replicated chromosomes to an unlinked monomeric state is essential to cell survival. In the absence of the topoisomerase topoIV, the site-specific recombination complex XerCD- dif-FtsK can remove replication links by local reconnection. We previously showed mathematically that there is a unique minimal pathway of unlinking replication links by reconnection while stepwise reducing the topological complexity. However, the possibility that reconnection preserves or increases topological complexity is biologically plausible. In this case, are there other unlinking pathways? Which is the most probable? We consider these questions in an analytical and numerical study of minimal unlinking pathways. We use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm with Multiple Markov Chain sampling to model local reconnection on 491 different substrate topologies, 166 knots and 325 links, and distinguish between pathways connecting a total of 881 different topologies. We conclude that the minimal pathway of unlinking replication links that was found under more stringent assumptions is the most probable. We also present exact results on unlinking a 6-crossing replication link. These results point to a general process of topology simplification by local reconnection, with applications going beyond DNA.
The use of innovative and efficient nanocomposite (magnetic graphene oxide) for the reduction on of Fusarium mycotoxins in palm kernel cake
Authors: Pirouz A. A. , Selamat J. , Iqbal S. Z. , Mirhosseini H. , Karjiban R. Abedi , Bakar F. Abu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAdsorption plays an important role in the removal of mycotoxins from feedstuffs. The main objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of using magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposites (MGO) as an adsorbent for the reduction of Fusarium mycotoxins in naturally contaminated palm kernel cake (PKC). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to assess the mycotoxins in animal feed. Target mycotoxins included the zearalenone (ZEA), the fumonisins (FB1 and FB2) and trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2 and T-2 toxin). Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to investigate the effects of time (3–7 h), temperature (30–50 °C) and pH (3–7) on the reduction. The response surface models with (R2 = 0.94–0.99) were significantly fitted to predict mycotoxins in contaminated PKC. Furthermore, the method ensured a satisfactory adjustment of the polynomial regression models with the experimental data except for fumonisin B1 and B2, which decrease the adsorption of magnetic graphene oxide (MGO). The optimum reduction was performed at pH 6.2 for 5.2 h at of 40.6 °C. Under these optimum conditions, reduced levels of 69.57, 67.28, 57.40 and 37.17%, were achieved for DON, ZEA, HT-2, and T-2, respectively.
Tunable long persistent luminescence in the second near-infrared window via crystal field control
Authors: Nie Jianmin , Li Yang , Liu Shanshan , Chen Qiuqun , Xu Qi , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractConstruction of an active composite as a biomarker with deeper tissue penetration and higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is of great importance for the application in bioimaging. Here, we report a strategy for tuning the emission bandwidth and intensity via crystal field control in long persistent phosphors (LPPs). Ni2+-doped Zn1+ySnyGa2−x−2yO4 phosphors, with a tunable emission band peaking from 1270 to 1430 nm in the second near-infrared (NIR) window, have been successfully prepared. Such featured materials have the advantages of low absorption and scattering as well as more efficient tissue penetration. The emission spectra can be controlled by tailoring the local crystal field around the activator precisely via substitution of Zn and Sn for Ga. Moreover, with high resolution and weak light disturbance, these developed multi-band afterglow phosphors exhibit great application potential in advanced optical imaging.