bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of decreased fishing effort off Fukushima on abundance of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) using an age‐structured population model incorporating seasonal coastal‐offshore migrations
Authors: Shibata Yasutoki , Sakuma Tooru , Wada Toshihiro , Kurita Yutaka , Tomiyama Takeshi , Yamada Manabu , Iwasaki Takashi , Mizuno Takuji , Yamanobe Akibumi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOff Fukushima, Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a highly‐valued species supporting coastal and offshore fisheries. We developed an age‐structured population model incorporating seasonal coastal‐offshore migrations to estimate and predict the abundance of Japanese flounder off Fukushima, where fishing has been restricted since the 2011 Fukushima Dai‐ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident. We estimated the abundance of Japanese flounder using catch per unit effort from coastal gill net and offshore bottom trawl fishing from January 2000 to February 2011 and predicted the abundance under two different fishing effort scenarios (the same effort level as 2010 or decreased effort after the FNPP accident). Estimated abundance reflected the seasonal coastal‐offshore migrations well, and it was estimated that abundance increased during and after 2007 because of high recruitments. In contrast, it was concluded that the predicted abundance on and after 2012 increased owing to the decreased fishing effort because the same estimated recruits were used in both scenarios. This indicates that the waters off Fukushima have effectively been serving as a marine protected area for Japanese flounder since the FNPP accident. This result was validated because almost all (83%) of the observed abundance index values calculated from a scientific bottom trawl survey during 2003–2014 were included within the estimated (predicted) 95% credible intervals of estimated (predicted) abundance index in the period. We also demonstrated the model's applicability for estimating the optimal fishing effort and age at first landing to maximize the earnings from gillnet and bottom trawl fisheries.
Sensorimotor and visual perceptual functioning in school‐aged children with Williams syndrome
Authors: Wuang Y.‐P. , Tsai H.‐Y. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the study was to describe sensorimotor profile and visual perceptual performance in school‐aged (6–12 years) children with Williams syndrome (WS). The impacts of sensorimotor and visual perception on participation in WS were examined as well to guide research and evidence‐based practices.MethodsA total of 38 children with WS aged 6 to 12 years were evaluated with measures of motor performance (Bruininks–Oseretsky of Motor Proficiency—Second Edition), sensory processing (Sensory Profile), visual perceptual abilities (Test of Visual Perception Skills—Third Edition) and activity participation (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, School Function Assessment).ResultsChildren with WS performed significantly less well on all sensorimotor and visual perceptual measures, and 71% of children scored in the impaired range on six or more (one third of ) out of 18 measures. They had weaker fine motor skills than gross motor skills. Sensory modulation was the most impaired among the sensory processing functions. Visual perceptions were all moderately impaired. All the sensorimotor measures and visual perceptual functions correlated to the cognitive functions (IQ) and linked to activity participation measures in WS.ConclusionsOur findings characterised the profiles of body functions (sensorimotor functions and visual organisation) of children with DS, and revealed their correlations with activity participation. Interventions focused on improving body functions are needed while stressing the acquisition of functional skills that increase participation in age‐appropriate activities.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers as a measure of disease activity and treatment efficacy in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Novakova Lenka , Axelsson Markus , Khademi Mohsen , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Malmeström Clas , Piehl Fredrik , Olsson Tomas , Lycke Jan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers can reflect different aspects of the pathophysiology of relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Understanding the impact of different disease modifying therapies on the CSF biomarker profile may increase their implementation in clinical practice and their appropriateness for monitoring treatment efficacy. This study investigated the influence of first‐line (interferon beta) and second‐line (natalizumab) therapies on seven CSF biomarkers in RRMS and their correlation with clinical and radiological outcomes. We included 59 RRMS patients and 39 healthy controls. The concentrations of C‐X‐C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13), C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (CHI3L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light protein (NFL), and neurogranin were determined by ELISA, and chitotriosidase (CHIT1) was analyzed by spectrofluorometry. RRMS patients had higher levels of NFL, CXCL13, CHI3L1, and CHIT1 than controls (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed higher NFL, CXCL13 and CHIT1 levels in patients treated with first‐line therapy compared to second‐line therapy (p = 0.008, p = 0.001 and p = 0.026, respectively). NFL and CHIT1 levels correlated with relapse status, and NFL and CXCL13 levels correlated with the formation of new magnetic resonance imaging lesions. Furthermore, we found an association between inflammatory and degenerative biomarkers. The results indicate that CSF levels of NFL, CXCL13, CHI3L1, and CHIT1 correlate with the clinical and/or radiological disease activity, providing additional dimensions in the assessment of treatment efficacy.image
Treatment of cutaneous larva migrans with a single session of carbon dioxide laser: a study of ten cases in the Philippines
Authors: Soriano Livia Francine , Piansay‐Soriano Miriam Emily 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous larva migrans (CLM) has a detrimental effect on patients' emotional and physical quality of life. Due to local unavailability of gold standard oral treatments for CLM, carbon dioxide laser was attempted. We present a case series where a single session of carbon dioxide laser treatment was associated with cessation of signs and symptoms of CLM.AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a single session of carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of CLM.Materials and MethodsTen cases (eight patients) with CLM were treated with one session of carbon dioxide laser treatment and followed up daily for the first week with photographic documentation and then weekly for the next 3 weeks to complete a 4 week follow‐up period.ResultsThe first cases in our series, who received one to two passes of fractional CO2 laser, experienced further larval migration for 2–3 days, after which no more progression was noted. For the next seven cases, we increased the number of CO2 laser passes to 3–4, and noted no further larval migration. At the end of the 4‐week follow‐up period, all CO2 laser‐treated areas were completely healed, leaving postinflammatory hyperpigmentation of the serpiginous track.ConclusionThe results of this case series indicate the efficacy of a single session of CO2 laser in treating CLM. Further studies are required to identify the minimum number of passes required to effectively control CLM.
Plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue depletion of cyromazine and its metabolite melamine following oral administration in laying chickens
Authors: Rairat T. , Ou S. C. , Chang S. K. , Li K. P. , Vickroy T. W. , Chou C. C. 
Published: November 2016

The study was designed to characterize the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue depletion profiles (including eggs) of cyromazine (CYR) in chickens following oral administration alone or in combination with melamine (MEL). In order to assess the pharmacokinetic profile of CYR, chickens were administered 1 or 10 mg/kg (single oral doses), whereas residue studies were conducted in chickens fed CYR alone (5 or 10 mg/kg) or CYR (5 mg/kg) and MEL (5 mg/kg) for a period of 14 days. Estimates for the apparent volume of distribution (1.66 L/kg), clearance (7.17 mL/kg/min), and elimination half‐life (2.82 h) were derived by noncompartmental analyses. The highest concentration of CYR occurred in liver but fell below detectable limits within 3 days following drug withdrawal from feed. Combined feeding of MEL with CYR did not significantly alter CYR tissue levels. CYR residues were detected only in egg white and were undetectable at the 2nd day postadministration. No MEL was found in eggs unless it had been added to the feed, and when present, it almost exclusively restricted to the egg white. Based upon the results of this initial study of CYR pharmacokinetics and residue depletion, it appears that use of CYR as a feed additive either alone (5 or 10 mg/kg) or in combination with MEL (both agents at 5 mg/kg) does not produce unsafe residue levels in edible products as long as appropriate withdrawal periods are followed for tissues (3 days) and eggs (2 days). However, our results indicate that adoption of a zero‐day withdrawal period should be reconsidered in light of these results.
Hybridization between pollination syndromes as an ecological and evolutionary resource
Authors: Cronk Quentin , Yang Ji Yong 
Published: November 2016

In plants, pollination syndromes (the correlated presence of many features of relevance to pollination mode, for instance pollination by a particular animal clade) are a striking feature of plant biodiversity, providing great floral phenotypic diversity (Fenster et al. ). Adaptation to a particular animal pollinator provides an explanation for why recently diverged plants can have such extreme differentiation in floral form. One might expect such elaborate adaptations to provide a high degree of pollinator specificity and hence reproductive isolation, but there are many cases where substantial gene flow exists between extreme floral morphs (see Table 1), and the resulting hybrids may be highly fertile. This gene flow provides tremendous opportunities to study the genetics and biology of the pollination syndromes by providing intermediate forms and segregating genotypes. If it is true that pollination syndromes result from adaptation under strong selection, we will expect such flowers to be crucibles of natural selection. If strong selection for particular floral phenotypes can be shown, then this, when coupled with hybridization, will give us one of the most valuable of all experimental systems for evolutionary research: gene flow and selection in balance. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, the paper of Milano et al. () delivers this. It shows that in populations of the Ipomopsis aggregata complex, gene flow between pollination morphs is high and selection to stabilize those morphs is also high: a probable case of gene flow–selection balance.
The evolution of lycopsid rooting structures: conservatism and disparity
Authors: Hetherington Alexander J. , Dolan Liam 
Published: November 2016

Contents

Summary
538

I.
Introduction
538

II.
Conservation of lycopsid root structure
539

III.
Disparity in the structures from which lycopsid roots develop
541

IV.
Conclusions
542

Acknowledgements
543

References
543

SummaryThe evolution of rooting structures was a crucial event in Earth's history, increasing the ability of plants to extract water, mine for nutrients and anchor above‐ground shoot systems. Fossil evidence indicates that roots evolved at least twice among vascular plants, in the euphyllophytes and independently in the lycophytes. Here, we review the anatomy and evolution of lycopsid rooting structures. Highlighting recent discoveries made with fossils we suggest that the evolution of lycopsid rooting structures displays two contrasting patterns – conservatism and disparity. The structures termed roots have remained structurally similar despite hundreds of millions of years of evolution – an example of remarkable conservatism. By contrast, and over the same time period, the organs that give rise to roots have diversified, resulting in the evolution of numerous novel and disparate organs.
Effects of partial sleep deprivation on reaction time in anesthesiologists
Authors: Saadat Haleh , Bissonnette Bruno , Tumin Dmitry , Raman Vidya , Rice Julie , Barry N‘Diris , Tobias Joseph 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundFatigue in anesthesiologists may have implications that extend beyond individual well‐being.AimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of sleep deprivation on the reaction time in anesthesiologists either after an overnight call or regular working hours. Moderation of this effect by coping strategies was observed.MethodsPsychomotor vigilance test was used to assess reaction time in 23 anesthesiologists at two time‐points: (i) on a regular non‐call day and (ii) after a 17‐h in‐house call. Student's paired t‐test was used to compare Psychomotor Vigilance Task data at these two moments. Change score regression was performed to determine the association between coping strategies, assessed using the Coping Strategy Indicator instrument, and decline in reaction time after night call.ResultsTwenty‐one colleagues completed the psychomotor vigilance test measurements after two decided to end their participation for personal reasons. Post‐call psychomotor vigilance test mean reaction time decreased by an average of 31.2 ms (95% CI: 0.5, 61.9; P = 0.047) when compared to regular day. Reliance on specific coping mechanisms, indicated by Coping Strategy Indicator scale scores, included problem‐solving (28 ± 4), followed by seeking social support (23 ± 5) and avoidance (19 ± 4). The change score regression model (r2 = 0.48) found that greater reliance on avoidance was associated with greater increase in reaction time after night call.ConclusionReaction time increased considerably in anesthesiologists after a night call duty. Greater subjective reliance on avoidance as a coping strategy was associated with greater deterioration in performance.
Judicialization of Environmental Policy and the Crisis of Democratic Accountability
Authors: Kramarz Teresa , Cosolo David , Rossi Alejandro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA growing global trend of judicializing environmental policy has been received with optimism, and in the context of democracies in transition, many have found in an active Supreme Court a potential solution to political impasses. However, as the judiciary is the least democratic of the three branches of government, what impact does judicialization have on democratic accountability? We claim that judicialization generates accountability losses in two ways. First, theoretically, when the Court takes on managerial functions that extend beyond its adjudicative role, it distorts its horizontal accountability functions. Second, empirically, when the Court becomes involved in policy formulation, effectiveness is not guaranteed yet there are no vertical accountability sanctions the polity can impose on judges. We illustrate this argument with an emblematic and instructive case of judicialization of environmental policy in Argentina. We conclude that judicialization to remedy policy failures undermines democratic accountability.
An Analytic Approach to Cascade Control Design for Hydraulic Valve-Cylinder Drives
Authors: Schmidt Lasse , Hansen Anders H. , Andersen Torben O. , Pedersen Henrik C. 
Published: November 2016

Motion control design for hydraulic drives remains to be a complicated task, and has not evolved on a level with electrical drives. When considering specifically motion control of hydraulic drives, the industry still prefers conventional linear control structures, often combined with feed forward control and possibly linear active damping functionalities. However difficulties often arise due to the inherent and strong nonlinear nature of hydraulic drives, with the more dominant being nonlinear valve flow- and oil stiffness characteristics, and furthermore the volume expansion/retraction when considering cylinder drives. A widely used approach with electrical drives is state controlor cascade control, that may by successfully applied to manipulate the drive dynamics in order to achieve high bandwidths etc., due to the nearly constant parameter-nature of such drives. Such properties are however, unfortunately not present in valveoperated hydraulic drives.
This paper considers a cascade control approach for hydraulic valve-cylinder drives motivated by the fact that this may be applied to successfully suppress nonlinearities. The drive is pre-compensated utilizing a pressure updated inverse valve flow relation, ideally eliminating the system gain variation, and the linear model equations for the pre-compensated system is used for the cascade control design. The cascade design does not utilize e.g. bode plots, root loci etc., and is based on an analytic approach, emphasizing the exact influence of each control parameter, resulting in an easily comprehensible control structure. Two versions of this cascade control approach is presented, with the first utilizing pressure-, piston velocity- and piston position feedback, and the second utilizing only pressure- and piston position feedback. The latter may be especially interesting in an industrial context, as this does not use the velocity feedback, which is rarely available here. Furthermore, the position control loop is designed analytically to guarantee a user defined gain margin. The proposed control design approach is verified through simulations, and results demonstrate the announced properties.
Trajectory Planning Based on Firefly Metaheuristic Algorithm Applied to Pneumatically Driven Modular Robots
Authors: Cukla Anselmo Rafael , Crespo Izquierdo Rafael , Perondi Eduardo André , Sobczyk Mario Roland , Lorini Flavio José , Barata José 
Published: November 2016

One of the main goals of modern manufacturing systems lies in attaining more flexibility and reutilization capabilities with lower costs. This paper presents the development of a proposal for the design and development of mechatronic modules to use on the mounting of robot manipulators based on the concept of “agent”, which is largely employed in informatics systems. We first describe the main features of this research project, after focusing on its current development stage, which regards the conception of a general methodology for trajectory planning of modular robotic systems.
The proposed solution is evaluated and validated by means of a case study focused on robots with pneumatic actuators. In this case study, the structure of a modular pneumatic Cartesian robot and its main characteristics (kinematic chain, workspace, etc.) is developed under modular agent concepts. Using a proposed task to be performed by the manipulator, a working path is defined by means of cubic spline interpolation curves, and an objective function for the optimization problem is written so as to minimize the movement time between the beginning and the end of the trajectory. The proposed optimization problem is numerically solved based on the use of the Firefly Metaheuristic Algorithm and, finally, the trajectory planning curves obtained by means of this strategy are presented and discussed.
Stability-Guaranteed Multiple Cartesian Degrees of Freedom Variable Impedance Control of Hydraulic Manipulators
Authors: Koivumäki Janne , Mattila Jouni 
Published: November 2016

Hydraulic manipulators can provide a great power-to-weight ratio compared to their electrical counterparts. However, their closed-loop control is challenging due to their highly nonlinear dynamic behavior. In contact tasks, which are essential for hydraulic manipulators, a need for rigorously addressed manipulator dynamics is substantial. This is because contact dynamics between the manipulator and its environment can be drastic and one identified reason for unstable system behavior is that the manipulator dynamics are not considered rigorously.
This paper proposes a novel variable impedance control method. While the proposed variable impedance law (external control for the manipulator) is generic, it has been developed especially to improve the Cartesian free-space position-tracking accuracy in force-sensorless contact force control with hydraulic manipulators. With the proposed method, the manipulator can be made stiff in free-space motions (enabling accurate free-space position tracking) and compliant in constrained motions. To address the manipulator’s highly nonlinear dynamic behavior, the manipulator’s internal control is designed on the virtual decomposition control (VDC), which has been proven to perform the state-of-the-art control in hydraulic robotic systems. The rigorous stability proof for the proposed method is provided, covering both free-space and constrained motions. The experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Gene Function Analysis in the Ubiquitous Human Commensal and Pathogen
Malassezia
Genus
Authors: Ianiri Giuseppe , Averette Anna F. , Kingsbury Joanne M. , Heitman Joseph , Idnurm Alexander 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

The genus
Malassezia
includes 14 species that are found on the skin of humans and animals and are associated with a number of diseases. Recent genome sequencing projects have defined the gene content of all 14 species; however, to date, genetic manipulation has not been possible for any species within this genus. Here, we develop and then optimize molecular tools for the transformation of
Malassezia furfur
and
Malassezia sympodialis
using
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
delivery of transfer DNA (T-DNA) molecules. These T-DNAs can insert randomly into the genome. In the case of
M. furfur
, targeted gene replacements were also achieved via homologous recombination, enabling deletion of the
ADE2
gene for purine biosynthesis and of the
LAC2
gene predicted to be involved in melanin biosynthesis. Hence, the introduction of exogenous DNA and direct gene manipulation are feasible in
Malassezia
species.

IMPORTANCE
Species in the genus
Malassezia
are a defining component of the microbiome of the surface of mammals. They are also associated with a wide range of skin disease symptoms. Many species are difficult to culture
in vitro
, and although genome sequences are available for the species in this genus, it has not been possible to assess gene function to date. In this study, we pursued a series of possible transformation methods and identified one that allows the introduction of DNA into two species of
Malassezia
, including the ability to make targeted integrations into the genome such that genes can be deleted. This research opens a new direction in terms of now being able to analyze gene functions in this little understood genus. These tools will contribute to define the mechanisms that lead to the commensalism and pathogenicity in this group of obligate fungi that are predominant on the skin of mammals.