bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of vegetation rehabilitation on soil organic and inorganic carbon stocks in the Mu Us Desert, northwest China
Authors: Gao Yang , Dang Peng , Zhao Qingxia , Liu Jinliang , Liu Jiabin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn arid and semiarid areas, the importance of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) is at least as high as that of soil organic carbon (SOC) in affecting the regional carbon budget following vegetation rehabilitation. However, variations in SIC have been uncertain, and few studies have analyzed the interactions between the SOC and SIC pools. We measured SIC, SOC, δ13C‐SIC, and δ13C‐SOC after planting Mongolian pine (MP) and Artemisia ordosica (AO) on shifting sand land (SL) over 10 years in the Mu Us Desert, northwest China. The results showed that, compared to SL, SIC stocks at 0–100 cm in MP and AO lands significantly increased by 12.6 and 25.8 Mg ha−1, respectively; SOC stocks in MP and AO lands significantly increased by 24.0 and 38.4 Mg ha−1, respectively. Both δ13C‐SIC and δ13C‐SOC in the 2 plantation lands were significantly lower than those in SL were. All 315 samples exhibited a negatively linear relationship between SIC content and δ13C‐SIC (R2 = .70, p < .01) and showed positively linear relationships between SIC content and SOC content (R2 = .69, p < .01) and between δ13C‐SIC and δ13C‐SOC (R2 = .61, p < .01). The results demonstrated that vegetation rehabilitation on SL has a high potential to sequester SIC and SOC in semiarid deserts. The reduction in δ13C‐SIC and the relationship of SIC with δ13C‐SIC following vegetation rehabilitation suggested that SIC sequestration is likely caused by the formation of pedogenic inorganic carbon. The relationships between SIC and SOC and between δ13C‐SIC and δ13C‐SOC implied that the pedogenic inorganic carbon formation may be closely related to the SOC accumulation.
The Role of Sex Therapy in the Management of Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Bronner Gila , Korczyn Amos D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Parkinson disease (PD) and their partners report deterioration in their sexual life. Sexual dysfunction (SD), an important and often ignored aspect, is common in PD. Motor and nonmotor symptoms are involved in limiting pleasure and disturbing function. Sexual dissatisfaction is more common in men that in women. Frequently, both patients and partners have SD associated with PD, and both need suitable treatment. These issues need to be evaluated by neurologists or PD nurses and by specialized sex therapists. The objectives of this study were to describe the complexity and multidimensional nature of sexual problems in PD, enable practitioners to assess and treat sexual difficulties of their patients, and increase awareness of the role of sex therapy in the therapeutic process of PD.MethodsBased on clinical experience of over 30 years in movement disorder clinics and a review of the literature, the authors suggest practical approaches, including an “Open Sexual Communication” module, prescribing medications, and/or referring to specialists.Results and DiscussionThe longitudinal nature of treating neurologic patients puts physicians in an important position to introduce sexual issues and to assess and plan the interventions and follow‐up needed to ensure that sexual difficulties are resolved. The management of hypersexuality requires a thoughtful distinction between lack of opportunities for sexual expression, limited ability to perform, and true hypersexuality. Sex therapists have a major role in the assessment and treatment of the multiple factors that may underlie sexual dissatisfaction in PD, differentiating between hypersexual behaviors and other sexual preoccupation behaviors, and training the professional team.
Direct saturation‐corrected chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI of glioma: Simplified decoupling of amide proton transfer and nuclear overhauser effect contrasts
Authors: Yuwen Zhou Iris , Wang Enfeng , Cheung Jerry S. , Lu Dongshuang , Ji Yang , Zhang Xiaoan , Fulci Giulia , Sun Phillip Zhe 
Published: October 2017

PurposeChemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI has shown promise in tissue characterization in diseases like stroke and tumor. However, in vivo CEST imaging such as amide proton transfer (APT) MRI is challenging because of concomitant factors such as direct water saturation, macromolecular magnetization transfer, and nuclear overhauser effect (NOE), which lead to a complex contrast in the commonly used asymmetry analysis (MTRasym). Here, we propose a direct saturation‐corrected CEST (DISC‐CEST) analysis for simplified decoupling and quantification of in vivo CEST effects.MethodsCEST MRI and relaxation measurements were carried out on a classical 2‐pool creatine‐gel CEST phantom and normal rat brains (N = 6) and a rat model of glioma (N = 8) at 4.7T. The proposed DISC‐CEST quantification was carried out and compared with conventional MTRasym and the original three‐offset method.ResultsWe demonstrated that the DISC‐CEST contrast in the phantom had much stronger correlation with MTRasym than the three‐offset method, which showed substantial underestimation. In normal rat brains, the DISC‐CEST approach revealed significantly stronger APT effect in gray matter and higher NOE effect in white matter. Furthermore, the APT and NOE maps derived from DISC‐CEST showed significantly higher APT effect in the tumors than contralateral normal tissue but no apparent difference in NOE.ConclusionThe proposed DISC‐CEST method, by correction of nonlinear direct water saturation effect, serves as a promising alternative to both the commonly used MTRasym and the simplistic three‐offset analyses. It provides simple yet reliable in vivo CEST quantification such as APT and NOE mapping in brain tumor, which is promising for clinical translation. Magn Reson Med 78:2307–2314, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
An isogeometric‐meshfree coupling approach for analysis of cracks
Authors: Nguyen‐Thanh Nhon , Huang Jiazhao , Zhou Kun 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a new concurrent simulation approach to couple isogeometric analysis (IGA) with the meshfree method for studying of crack problems. In the present method, the overall physical domain is divided into 2 subdomains that are formulated with the IGA and meshfree method, respectively. In the meshfree subdomain, the moving least squares shape function is adopted for the discretization of the area around crack tips, and the IGA subdomain is adopted in the remaining area. Meanwhile, the interface region between the 2 subdomains is represented by coupled shape functions. The resulting shape function, which comprises both IGA and meshfree shape functions, satisfies the consistency condition, thus ensuring convergence of the method. Moreover, the meshfree shape functions augmented with the enriched basis functions to predict the singular stress fields near a crack tip are presented. The proposed approach is also applied to simulate the crack propagation under a mixed‐mode condition. Several numerical examples are studied to demonstrate the use and robustness of the proposed method.
Evaluation of aprepitant for acute chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving high‐dose methotrexate
Authors: Felix‐Ukwu Femi , Reichert Kate , Bernhardt M. Brooke , Schafer Eric S. , Berger Amanda 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) negatively impacts patients’ quality of life. The emetogenicity of high‐dose methotrexate in children and adolescents with cancer is incompletely characterized. At our institution, a number of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have received aprepitant with courses of high‐dose methotrexate after poor CINV control with prior courses.ProcedureWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis on patients with ALL who received methotrexate 5 g/m2/dose with and without concomitant aprepitant at Texas. Children's Hospital between October 1, 2010 and January 31, 2016.ResultsWe identified 16 patients who received a total of 69 courses of methotrexate. An enhanced antiemetic regimen containing aprepitant was administered with 42 methotrexate courses and resulted in a 54% reduction in the use of as‐needed antiemetics (P = 0.002, 95% CI: 21–89%). There were no statistically significant differences in methotrexate area under the curve values (2,209 μM⋅hr/l ± 151 vs. 2,051 μM⋅hr/l ± 94, P = 0.355) or end‐infusion methotrexate concentrations (80.5 μM ± 5.6 vs. 74.7 μM ± 3.2, P = 0.335) in patients receiving a standard versus an enhanced antiemetic regimen.ConclusionsThe addition of aprepitant reduces both CINV and the use of rescue antiemetics. Aprepitant does not appear to affect the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate. Granisetron was prescribed more frequently than ondansetron, but selection of secondary and tertiary agents, if any, was highly variable.
Thiol Michael addition reaction: a facile tool for introducing peptides into polymer‐based gene delivery systems
Authors: Sun Yanping , Liu Hui , Cheng Lin , Zhu Shimeng , Cai Cuifang , Yang Tianzhi , Yang Li , Ding Pingtian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPolymers, as widely used non‐viral gene carriers, suffer from high cytotoxicity and relatively low transfection efficiency. Such crucial drawbacks of polymers could be solved by incorporating short and bioactive peptides. The resulting synthetic polymer–peptide conjugates can not only maintain their own special characteristics, but also gain novel characteristics far beyond those of their parent polymer and peptide components to overcome barriers to gene delivery. There are various chemoselective reactions applied in the synthesis of polymer–peptide conjugates, such as Heck, Sonogashira and Suzuki coupling, Diels–Alder cycloaddition, click chemistry, Staudinger ligation, reductive alkylation and oxime/hydrazone chemistry. Among them, thiol–ene click reactions, including thiol–ene radical and thiol Michael addition reactions, are common methods for preparing peptide–polymer conjugates. In this review, we focus on thiol Michael addition reactions, elaborate on their mechanisms and highlight their applications in the synthesis of polymer–peptide conjugates for gene delivery. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell line carries mixed genetic ancestry: Implications for prostate cancer health disparities research using pre‐clinical models
Authors: Woods‐Burnham Leanne , Basu Anamika , Cajigas‐Du Ross Christina K. , Love Arthur , Yates Clayton , De Leon Marino , Roy Sourav , Casiano Carlos A. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundUnderstanding how biological factors contribute to prostate cancer (PCa) health disparities requires mechanistic functional analysis of specific genes or pathways in pre‐clinical cellular and animal models of this malignancy. The 22Rv1 human prostatic carcinoma cell line was originally derived from the parental CWR22R cell line. Although 22Rv1 has been well characterized and used in numerous mechanistic studies, no racial identifier has ever been disclosed for this cell line. In accordance with the need for racial diversity in cancer biospecimens and recent guidelines by the NIH on authentication of key biological resources, we sought to determine the ancestry of 22RV1 and authenticate previously reported racial identifications for four other PCa cell lines.MethodsWe used 29 established Ancestry Informative Marker (AIM) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to conduct DNA ancestry analysis and assign ancestral proportions to a panel of five PCa cell lines that included 22Rv1, PC3, DU145, MDA‐PCa‐2b, and RC‐77T/E.ResultsWe found that 22Rv1 carries mixed genetic ancestry. The main ancestry proportions for this cell line were 0.41 West African (AFR) and 0.42 European (EUR). In addition, we verified the previously reported racial identifications for PC3 (0.73 EUR), DU145 (0.63 EUR), MDA‐PCa‐2b (0.73 AFR), and RC‐77T/E (0.74 AFR) cell lines.ConclusionsConsidering the mortality disparities associated with PCa, which disproportionately affect African American men, there remains a burden on the scientific community to diversify the availability of biospecimens, including cell lines, for mechanistic studies on potential biological mediators of these disparities. This study is beneficial by identifying another PCa cell line that carries substantial AFR ancestry. This finding may also open the door to new perspectives on previously published studies using this cell line.
Revolutionizing male fertility factor research in mice by using the genome editing tool CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Abbasi Ferheen , Miyata Haruhiko , Ikawa Masahito 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundReproductive research is quintessential in understanding not only the cause of infertility, but also for creating family planning tools. The knockout (KO) system approach is conducive to discovering genes that are essential for fertility in mice. However, in vivo research has been limited due to its high cost and length of time needed to establish KO mice.MethodsThe mechanisms behind the CRISPR/Cas9 system and its application in investigating male fertility in mice are described by using original and review articles.ResultsThe CRISPR/CAS9 SYSTEM has enabled researchers to rapidly, efficiently, and inexpensively produce genetically modified mice to study male fertility. Several genes have been highlighted that were found to be indispensable for male fertility by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, as well as more complicated gene manipulation techniques, such as point mutations, tag insertions, and double knockouts, which have become easier with this new technology.ConclusionIn order to increase efficiency and usage, new methods of CRISPR/Cas9 integration are being developed, such as electroporation and applying the system to embryonic stem cells. The hidden mysteries of male fertility will be unraveled with the help of this new technology.
Cover Image, Volume 7, Issue 6
Authors: De Vivo Marco , Cavalli Andrea 
Published: October 2017

The cover image, by Marco De Vivo and Andrea Cavalli, is based on the Opinion Recent advances in dynamic docking for drug discovery, DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1320. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Giuseppina La Sala and Miss Stefania La Sala for their artistic contribution of this image.
image
Exercise and gastrointestinal symptoms: running-induced changes in intestinal permeability and markers of gastrointestinal function in asymptomatic and symptomatic runners
Authors: Karhu Elisa , Forsgård Richard A. , Alanko Lauri , Alfthan Henrik , Pussinen Pirkko , Hämäläinen Esa , Korpela Riitta 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Purpose
Athletes frequently experience gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms during training and competition. Although the prevalence of exercise-induced GI symptoms is high, the mechanisms leading to GI distress during exercise are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to identify running-induced changes in intestinal permeability and markers of GI function and investigate their association with gastrointestinal symptoms.

Methods
We recruited 17 active runners who we allocated as either asymptomatic or symptomatic based on their history of experiencing GI symptoms during running. The participants took part in a running test where they were asked to run for 90 min at 80% of their best 10 km race speed. Intestinal permeability was measured at baseline and after the running test. Levels of serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), zonulin, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and fecal calprotectin were also measured at baseline and after the running test.

Results
Running induced a significant increase in intestinal permeability and serum I-FABP concentration but there were no differences between asymptomatic and symptomatic runners. Serum LPS activity did not change from baseline following the running test but the symptomatic group exhibited higher LPS activity at baseline compared to the asymptomatic runners.

Conclusions
Running for 90 min at a challenging pace causes small intestinal damage and increases intestinal permeability. However, these alterations in GI function do not appear to correlate with the development of GI symptoms during running.
Pacing failure caused by automatic pacing threshold adjustment system
Authors: Kishihara Jun , Niwano Shinichi , Fukaya Hidehira , Nishinarita Ryo , Horiguchi Ai , Nakamura Hironori , Igarashi Tazuru , Ishizue Naruya , Fujiishi Tamami , Yoshizawa Tomoharu , Oikawa Jun , Satoh Akira , Murakami Masami , Ako Junya 
Published: October 2017

AbstractVentricular capture management is an automatic pacing threshold adjustment algorithm that automatically measures pacing threshold through detection of the evoked response after a pacing stimulus. Although it is principally designed to save device battery under the maintenance of the patient׳s safety, we experienced a rare case with serious pacing failure due to a weakness of this algorithm. This pacing failure might be explained by a large variation in the ventricular pacing threshold depending on the atrioventricular interval and daily variation of pacing threshold and concomitant steroid use in this patient.
History of Upper Jurassic reservoirs in southeastern West Siberia (case study of Igol’sko-Talovoe oilfield)
Authors: Kontorovich V.A. , Ayunova D.V. , Zakhryamina M.O. , Kalinina L.M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The Igol’sko-Talovoe oilfield is one of the largest oilfields in southeastern West Siberia, which provides reference for Upper Jurassic reservoirs of the area. The reported studies included integrated interpretation of seismic and well-log data, mapping of tectonic and paleotectonic patterns and sediment thicknesses, as well as seismic-geological and basin modeling. The results were used for tectonic analysis and allowed reconstructing the history of the Igol-Talovoe dome uplift that traps Upper Jurassic oil accumulations. Local uplifts on the Jurassic surface within the Igol-Talovoe dome originated in the Neocomian above basement uplifts produced by erosion and tectonic activity. The local domes merged into a large anticlinal trap as a result of regional-scale vertical crust movements in the Cenozoic. Analysis of the Upper Jurassic hydrocarbon system and basin modeling show that oil generation by the Bazhenov Formaton source rocks began in the Turonian, culminated in the Cenozoic, and continues at present. The process has led to complete filling of the anticlinal trap and formation of the large Igol’sko-Talovoe oilfield. Geological and geophysical data suggest the same scenario for all Upper Jurassic reservoirs in southeastern West Siberia.
Distribution of organic matter in Callovian–Lower Berriasian deposits of the western part of the Yenisei–Khatanga regional trough and adjacent areas of the West Siberian geosyneclise
Authors: Ershov S.V. , Kim N.S. , Rodchenko A.P. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This study presents the results of geochemical analysis of organic matter and paleogeographic reconstructions supplemented by data from well log interpretation and cyclostratigraphic analysis for the Vasyugan, Georgiev, and Bazhenov Horizons of the Callovian–Lower Berriasian section in the western part of Yenisei–Khatanga regional trough and adjacent areas of the West Siberian geosyneclise. It was found that each horizon contains zones dominated by terrigenous, mixed, and aquatic organic matter. The distribution of different types of organic matter over the area and throughout the section has been examined. It was shown that the accumulation of aquatic organic matter took place in the deepest parts of the trough during the Callovian–Oxfordian. The area of accumulation of aquatic organic matter expanded considerably and reached its maximum extent within the Bolshaya Kheta megasyneclise during the Kimmeridgian and Early Volgian and in the west Yenisei–Khatanga regional trough during the Volgian and Early Berriasian.
Thermal effects of natural convection in boreholes
Authors: Demezhko D.Yu. , Mindubaev M.G. , Khatskevich B.D. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Thermal regime in borehole is simulated by water-filled vertical channel passing through the rock massif. A constant temperature gradient is maintained at the external borders of the massif. Results of numerical simulation of natural thermal convection arising in the channel are presented. Analysis of the results shows the existence of two types of convective thermal effects disturbing the natural temperature field: transient effect, which manifests itself as temperature oscillations around the mean temperature value at a given depth, and quasi-stationary effect causing distortion of natural temperatures and temperature gradient. The obtained statistical relations for estimation of the characteristics of thermal effects and convection flow velocities agree with the data recorded in real boreholes.
Late Neoproterozoic adakites of the Yenisei Ridge
(Central Siberia): petrogenesis, geodynamics, and U/Pb age
Authors: Vernikovskaya A.E. , Vernikovsky V.A. , Matushkin N.Yu. , Kadil’nikov P.I. , Romanova I.V. , Larionov A.N. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Based on new geological, structural, mineralogical, geochemical, and isotope (Sm–Nd, Rb–Sr, and U–Th–Pb) data for igneous intrusions and metamorphic rocks of the Zimoveinyi massif, an adakite-gabbroid association was identified for the first time in the Yenisei Ridge (southwestern framing of the Siberian craton). This study demonstrates that the adakites (quartz diorites, tonalites, and plagiogranites) and associating gabbro-anorthosites of this massif formed in the interval 576–546 Ma (U–Th–Pb zircon SHRIMP-II analysis) at the final Neoproterozoic evolution stage of the active continental margin of the Siberian craton. Our results point to a genetic relationship between the adakites and the host Nb-enriched metabasites of the Zimoveinyi massif. The studied late Neoproterozoic adakites might have formed in the setting of transform strike-slip of lithospheric plates during a halt in subduction from both crustal and mantle-crustal source, similarly to Cenozoic igneous complexes of the transform margin in the eastern framing of Eurasia.