bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Testing of a High-Efficiency Rapid Throughput Community-Scale Water Pasteurization System
Authors: MacCarty Nordica , Burleson Grace , Moses Nicholas , Mulky Tejas , Johnson Joshua , Andreyka Elizabeth , Ogle Damon , Colgan Fred , Creighton Adam , Carter Tom , Andreatta Dale 
Published: November 2017

Procurement of clean drinking water is one of the most important challenges facing 1 in 10 people in the world today. While there are many technologies available to disinfect water, there is still great opportunity for appropriate, sustainable technologies for low-resource or emergency situations. Pasteurizing water is an effective way to eliminate life-threatening pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, and requires a lower temperature (71° C) compared to traditional boiling (100° C).
This research details the development and testing of a water pasteurization system that works with the 60 Liter InStove to produce upwards of 4,500 liters of safe drinking water per day at minimal cost to the users and the environment. This flow-through system uses a combination of a heating coil, thermostatic valve, fixed volume kill chamber, and heat exchanger for heat recovery immersed in a large pot of heated water. Initial performance testing revealed that the pasteurizer produced 6.7 liters of water per minute with an energy input of 9.1 grams of equivalent dry wood per liter (175 kJ/L) at steady-state operation accounting for startup time. Microbiological testing revealed that water initially inoculated with >100,000 bacteria/ml of E. coli had no colonies remaining after treatment, for a 99.999% reduction in contamination levels. Future work will include measurement and modeling of the flow and temperature profiles throughout the system to optimize its heat transfer performance and production costs, field testing, and user-centered system-level design that develops the end-to-end solution needed to acquire and deliver clean drinking water including maintenance, container disinfection, and development of business models to support local water production.
Proof-of-Concept Design of Electronic Wedge Brake With Multi-Rollers
Authors: Yu Liangyao , Chang Jinghu , Zheng Sheng 
Published: November 2017

In this paper, a new braking system EWB (Electronic Wedge Brake) with multi-rollers is presented. EWB is a BBW (Brake by Wire) braking system, using self-reinforcement effect of the wedge mechanism. This effect makes EWB reduce consumption of electricity. Compared with traditional EMB (Electronic Mechanical Brake), EWB can work at lower power supply, such as 12V, which makes EWB has great advantage over those EMB braking systems with higher power supply, e.g.42V.
The proposed design can realize normal braking function, and also can realize parking braking. In this paper, the configuration of EWB with multi-rollers is presented, and the modelling of main parts of the EWB system is given using the software Matlab/Simulink. Meanwhile, the EWB experimental bench is built, and preliminary experiments are carried out. The results of experiment show the practicability of the proposed design.
Understanding the Effects of Soil Characteristics on Mobility
Authors: Jayakumar Paramsothy , Mechergui Dave , Wasfy Tamer M. 
Published: November 2017

The Army’s mission is to develop, integrate, and sustain the right technology solutions for all manned and unmanned ground vehicles, and mobility is a key requirement for all ground vehicles. Mobility focuses on ground vehicles’ capabilities that enable them to be deployable worldwide, operationally mobile in all environments, and protected from symmetrical and asymmetrical threats. In order for military ground vehicles to operate in any combat zone, mobility on off-road terrains should be extensively investigated. Mobility on off-road terrains is poorly understood because of the empirical and semi-empirical methods used in predicting the mobility map. These methods do not capture the soil deformation as well as its non-linear behavior. The discrete element method (DEM) was identified as a high-fidelity method that can capture the deformation of the soil and its non-linear behavior. The DEM method allows to simulate the vehicle on any off-road terrain and to generate an accurate mobility map.
In this paper, a simulation study was undertaken to understand the influence of soil characteristics on mobility parameters such as wheel sinkage, wheel slip, vehicle speed, and tractive force. The interaction of the vehicle wheels with soft soil is poorly understood, this study helps understand this interaction. A nominal wheeled vehicle model was built in the DIS/IVRESS software and simulated over different cohesive and non-cohesive soils modeled using DEM. Some characteristics of these soils were varied namely, the soil inter-particle cohesion, the soil inter-particle friction, the soil particle size, and the soil density. The mobility parameters were measured and correlated to the soil characteristics. This study showed that the vehicle speed increased with cohesion, friction, soil density, and particle size, while wheel sinkage and wheel slip decreased with those parameters. The influence of these characteristics combined is more complex; extensive studies of other soil characteristics need to be carried out in the future to understand their effect on vehicle mobility.
Ultrasound-guided biopsy of osteolytic metastasis – could be less than three cores enough?
Authors: Chira Romeo Ioan , Chira Alexandra , Calauz Adriana , Manzat Saplacan Roberta Maria , Nagy Georgiana , Mircea Petru Adrian , Valean Simona 
Published: November 2017

Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyze the diagnostic yield and accuracy of the ultrasound (US) guided core biopsy in a population of patients with osteolytic metastasis. Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 16 consecutive cases of US-guided core biopsies of osteolytic lesions performed in our Ultrasound Unit, from January 2006 to May 2017. We used 18G or 16G Tru-cut needles coupled with automated biopsy guns. We procured a maximum number of two tissue specimens per patient.Results: We obtained a diagnostic yield and accuracy of 93.75% (15 of 16 patients) for US-guided core biopsy of osteolytic metastasis. Most of our cases were metastasis of adenocarcinomas (8 patients), squamous cell carcinomas (3 patients) followed by multiple myelomas (2 patients). Other pathologic lesions recorded were undifferentiated carcinoma (1 patient) and mesenchimal undifferentiated tumor (1 patient). The pathologic result was inconclusive in one patient.Conclusions: Our study supports the important diagnostic role of US-guided core biopsy for osteolytic bone metastasis. Two US-guided passages may be sufficient to procure a diagnostic tissue samples from osteolytic bone metastasis, if theirlength is at least 10 mm.
Population-Wide Survey of Salmonella enterica Response to High-Pressure Processing Reveals a Diversity of Responses and Tolerance Mechanisms
Authors: Tamber Sandeep 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

High-pressure processing is a nonthermal method of food preservation that uses pressure to inactivate microorganisms. To ensure the effective validation of process parameters, it is important that the design of challenge protocols consider the potential for resistance in a particular species. Herein, the responses of 99 diverse
Salmonella enterica
strains to high pressure are reported. Members of this population belonged to 24 serovars and were isolated from various Canadian sources over a period of 26 years. When cells were exposed to 600 MPa for 3 min, the average reduction in cell numbers for this population was 5.6 log
10
CFU/ml, with a range of 0.9 log
10
CFU/ml to 6 log
10
CFU/ml. Eleven strains, from 5 serovars, with variable levels of pressure resistance were selected for further study. The membrane characteristics (propidium iodide uptake during and after pressure treatment, sensitivity to membrane-active agents, and membrane fatty acid composition) and responses to stressors (heat, nutrient deprivation, desiccation, and acid) for this panel suggested potential roles for the cell membrane and the RpoS regulon in mediating pressure resistance in
S. enterica
. The data indicate heterogeneous and multifactorial responses to high pressure that cannot be predicted for individual
S. enterica
strains.

IMPORTANCE
The responses of foodborne pathogens to increasingly popular minimal food decontamination methods are not understood and therefore are difficult to predict. This report shows that the responses of
Salmonella enterica
strains to high-pressure processing are diverse. The magnitude of inactivation does not depend on how closely related the strains are or where they were isolated. Moreover, strains that are resistant to high pressure do not behave similarly to other stresses, suggesting that more than one mechanism might be responsible for resistance to high pressure and the mechanisms used may vary from one strain to another.
A Haloalkane Dehalogenase from a Marine Microbial Consortium Possessing Exceptionally Broad Substrate Specificity
Authors: Buryska Tomas , Babkova Petra , Vavra Ondrej , Damborsky Jiri , Prokop Zbynek 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
The haloalkane dehalogenase enzyme DmmA was identified by marine metagenomic screening. Determination of its crystal structure revealed an unusually large active site compared to those of previously characterized haloalkane dehalogenases. Here we present a biochemical characterization of this interesting enzyme with emphasis on its structure-function relationships. DmmA exhibited an exceptionally broad substrate specificity and degraded several halogenated environmental pollutants that are resistant to other members of this enzyme family. In addition to having this unique substrate specificity, the enzyme was highly tolerant to organic cosolvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, and acetone. Its broad substrate specificity, high overexpression yield (200 mg of protein per liter of cultivation medium; 50% of total protein), good tolerance to organic cosolvents, and a broad pH range make DmmA an attractive biocatalyst for various biotechnological applications.

IMPORTANCE
We present a thorough biochemical characterization of the haloalkane dehalogenase DmmA from a marine metagenome. This enzyme with an unusually large active site shows remarkably broad substrate specificity, high overexpression, significant tolerance to organic cosolvents, and activity under a broad range of pH conditions. DmmA is an attractive catalyst for sustainable biotechnology applications, e.g., biocatalysis, biosensing, and biodegradation of halogenated pollutants. We also report its ability to convert multiple halogenated compounds to corresponding polyalcohols.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type (ST) 5 Isolates from Health Care and Agricultural Sources Adhere Equivalently to Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Hau Samantha J. , Kellner Steven , Eberle Kirsten C. , Waack Ursula , Brockmeier Susan L. , Haan Jisun S. , Davies Peter R. , Frana Timothy , Nicholson Tracy L. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
is part of the nasal microbiome of many humans and has become a significant public health burden due to infections with antibiotic-resistant strains, including methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) strains. Several lineages of
S. aureus
, including MRSA, are found in livestock species and can be acquired by humans through contact with animals. These livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) isolates raise public health concerns because of the potential for livestock to act as reservoirs for MRSA outside the hospital setting. In the United States, swine harbor a mixed population of LA-MRSA isolates, with the sequence type 398 (ST398), ST9, and ST5 lineages being detected. LA-MRSA ST5 isolates are particularly concerning to the public health community because, unlike the isolates in the ST398 and ST9 lineages, isolates in the ST5 lineage are a significant cause of human disease in both the hospital and community settings globally. The ability of swine-associated LA-MRSA ST5 isolates to adhere to human keratinocytes
in vitro
was investigated, and the adherence genes harbored by these isolates were evaluated and compared to those in clinical MRSA ST5 isolates from humans with no swine contact. The two subsets of isolates adhered equivalently to human keratinocytes
in vitro
and contained an indistinguishable complement of adherence genes that possessed a high degree of sequence identity. Collectively, our data indicate that, unlike LA-MRSA ST398 isolates, LA-MRSA ST5 isolates do not exhibit a reduced genotypic or phenotypic capacity to adhere to human keratinocytes.

IMPORTANCE
Our data indicate that swine-associated livestock-associated methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(LA-MRSA) ST5 isolates are as capable of adhering to human skin and have the same genetic potential to adhere as clinical MRSA ST5 isolates from humans. This suggests that humans in contact with livestock have the potential to become colonized with LA-MRSA ST5 isolates; however, the genes that contribute to the persistence of
S. aureus
on human skin were absent in LA-MRSA ST5 isolates. The data presented here are important evidence in evaluating the potential risks that LA-MRSA ST5 isolates pose to humans who come into contact with livestock.
Expression of a Cellobiose Phosphorylase from Thermotoga maritima in Caldicellulosiruptor bescii Improves the Phosphorolytic Pathway and Results in a Dramatic Increase in Cellulolytic Activity
Authors: Kim Sun-Ki , Himmel Michael E. , Bomble Yannick J. , Westpheling Janet 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Members of the genus
Caldicellulosiruptor
have the ability to deconstruct and grow on lignocellulosic biomass without conventional pretreatment. A genetically tractable species,
Caldicellulosiruptor bescii
, was recently engineered to produce ethanol directly from switchgrass.
C. bescii
contains more than 50 glycosyl hydrolases and a suite of extracellular enzymes for biomass deconstruction, most prominently CelA, a multidomain cellulase that uses a novel mechanism to deconstruct plant biomass. Accumulation of cellobiose, a product of CelA during growth on biomass, inhibits cellulase activity. Here, we show that heterologous expression of a cellobiose phosphorylase from
Thermotoga maritima
improves the phosphorolytic pathway in
C. bescii
and results in synergistic activity with endogenous enzymes, including CelA, to increase cellulolytic activity and growth on crystalline cellulose.

IMPORTANCE
CelA is the only known cellulase to function well on highly crystalline cellulose and it uses a mechanism distinct from those of other cellulases, including fungal cellulases. Also unlike fungal cellulases, it functions at high temperature and, in fact, outperforms commercial cellulase cocktails. Factors that inhibit CelA during biomass deconstruction are significantly different than those that impact the performance of fungal cellulases and commercial mixtures. This work contributes to understanding of cellulase inhibition and enzyme function and will suggest a rational approach to engineering optimal activity.
Draft Genome Sequences of 14 Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 398 Isolates from Swine Farms in the United States
Authors: Hau Samantha J. , Bayles Darrell O. , Alt David P. , Frana Timothy S. , Nicholson Tracy L. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(LA-MRSA) is a bacterium carried by or obtained from swine and other livestock. The initial and predominant swine-associated LA-MRSA sequence type (ST) identified is ST398. Here, we present 14 draft genome sequences from LA-MRSA ST398 isolates found in the United States.
Draft Genome Sequences of 50 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 5 Isolates Obtained from a U.S. Hospital
Authors: Hau Samantha J. , Bayles Darrell O. , Alt David P. , Nicholson Tracy L. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) can be a commensal or pathogen in humans. Pathogenicity and disease are related to the acquisition of mobile genetic elements encoding virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. Here, we report draft genome sequences for 50 clinical MRSA isolates from humans with MRSA-related disease.
Complete Genome Sequence of Senecavirus A Strain SVV HN16 Identified in China
Authors: Luo Tianxia , Xu Shuaifei , Xiong Jingfeng , Su Danping , He Dongsheng 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
A virus that caused blisters and ulcers in pigs in China was detected to be a strain of Senecavirus A (SVA). Complete genome sequencing and analysis results showed that the isolate shares 93.8% to 99.1% identity with other isolates that have been reported, proving that a new isolate of SVA was found in China.
Complete Genome Sequence of Pasteurella multocida Serotype A Strain PMTB2.1 Isolated from Buffaloes That Died of Septicemia in Malaysia
Authors: Jabeen Shagufta , Yong Yap Huan , Abdullah Faez Jesse Firdaus , Zakaria Zunita , Mat Isa Nurulfiza , Tan Yung-Chie , Yee Wai-Yan , Omar Abdul Rahman 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Pasteurella multocida
causes pneumonic pasteurellosis and hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) in large ruminants. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequence of
P. multocida
strain PMTB2.1 capsular serotype A isolated from buffaloes that died of septicemia.
Complete Genome Sequence of a New Strain of
Rice yellow mottle virus
from Malawi, Characterized by a Recombinant VPg Protein
Authors: Ndikumana Innocent , Pinel-Galzi Agnès , Fargette Denis , Hébrard Eugénie 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

The complete sequence of the isolate Mw10 of
Rice yellow mottle virus
was determined. Sequence comparisons revealed 8.4% to 10.7% nucleotide divergence from the published sequences, resulting in the definition of the strain S7. Importantly, a putative recombination event was identified encompassing the viral genome-linked protein involved in host adaptation.
Complete Genome Sequence of Clostridium perfringens LLY_N11, a Necrotic Enteritis-Inducing Strain Isolated from a Healthy Chicken Intestine
Authors: Li Charles , Yan Xianghe , Lillehoj Hyun S. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Clostridium perfringens
strain LLY_N11, a commensal bacterium, which previously induced necrotic enteritis in an experimental study, was isolated from the intestine of a young healthy chicken. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of this strain, which may provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in necrotic enteritis pathogenesis.
Effects of acute concussion on centre of pressure variables during quiet stance
Authors: Dierijck Jill K , Wright Alexander D , Kelsey Bryk , Smirl Jonathan D , Donkelaar Paul van 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo examine how acute sport-related concussion influences centre of pressure (COP) sway during quiet stanceDesignProspective cohortSettingLaboratoryParticipantsEighty-seven male contact-sport (football and hockey) athletes entered the study. Seven subjects (age range 17–22) were concussed and completed follow-up testing 72-hours, two-weeks, and one-month following the injury.InterventionOne-minute eyes-open and eyes-closed quiet stance trials were performed on a force plate (NDI True Impluse) with feet hip-width apart. Force plate data and SCAT3 were collected at each time point.Outcome measuresRoot-mean-square COP displacement (RMSd) and mean COP velocity were quantified in the anterior/posterior (AP) and medial/lateral (ML) directions. Independent variables included condition (2) and time (4)Main resultsRM-ANOVA indicated a main effect of time for all outcomes: AP-RMSd (p=0.006), AP mean velocity (p=0.012), ML-RMSd (p=0.001), ML mean velocity (p=0.001). Pairwise comparisons indicated reductions at 2-weeks in AP-RMSd (0.05, 95% CI: −0.672, 0.000), and AP mean velocity (p=0.039, 95% CI: −1.275, −0.036). ML-RMSd was reduced 1 month post-concussion (p=0.021, 95% CI: −0.365, −0.034). Change scores from baseline to 72-hours were correclated between: AP-RMSd and Balance Error Scoring System (r=0.878, p=0.009), AP mean velocity and Standardised Assessment of Concussion (SAC) (r=−0.822, p=0.023), and ML mean velocity and SAC (r=−0.836, p=0.019).ConclusionsMeasures of COP sway during quiet stance revealed alterations in displacement and velocity that persisted up to one-month following a sports-related concussion. These COP alterations exceeded the duration of clinical recovery (median return-to-play: 14 days) indicating that clinical recovery does not equal physiological recovery.Competing interestsNone.
Sport concussion knowledge base and current practice: a survey of selected physician sections from the ontario medical association
Authors: Lebrun Constance M , Martin Mrazik , Abhaya S Prasad , Taryn Taylor , Tatiana Jevremovic 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo examine knowledge base/practice patterns regarding sport concussion in two physician populations.DesignOn-line survey.SettingOntario, Canada.ParticipantsPhysicians from Ontario Medical Association, Sections of: Sport & Exercise Medicine (SEM), General & Family Practice (SGFP).InterventionEmailed survey, 2 reminders.Outcome measuresKnowledge base/practice patterns; learning methods: current/preferred.Main resultsParticipantsSEM 92/594 (15.5%), SGFP 270/12,168 (2.2%); 51 (13.4%) members of both. More SEM physicians saw >5 children (<18 years) with concussions/month (40.2% SEM, 9.5% SGFP; p =< 0.001).ToolsClinical examination; Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT/SCAT2) (68.4% SEM, 34.1% SGFP; p<0.001); balance testing (56.5% SEM, 37.4% SGFP; p=0.001); computerised neurocognitive testing (23.9% SEM, 1.9% SGFP; p<0.001); concussion grading scales (9.8% SEM, 14.1% SGFP; p<0.001).Management:Physical rest (65.2% SEM, 68.5% SGFP); modified school/work until symptom resolution (50.0% SEM, 38.5% SGFP; p=0.026); no cognitive rest (3.2% SEM, 9.6% SGFP; p=0.026).Return-to-play:Clinical examination; SCAT/SCAT2 (60.8% SEM, 29.6% SGFP; p<0.001); balance testing (56.5% SEM, 37.4% SGFP; p<0.001); computerised neurocognitive testing (35.9% SEM, 2.2% SGFP; p<0.001); concussion grading scales (7.6% SEM, 9.6% SGFP).Learning sourcescolleagues (55.4% SEM, 27.8% SGFP; p<0.001); specialists (33.7% SEM, 23.7% SGFP; p=0.030); continuing medical education (CME) courses/conferences (67.4% SEM, 54.7% SGFP; p=0.017; preferred: 85.9% SEM, 73.9% SGFP; p=0.006); journals/publications (48.9% SEM, 25.2% SGFP; p<0.001); websites (35.8% SEM, 32.2% SGFP; preferred: 35.9% SEM, 47.8% SGFP; p=0.024); medical school/residency training (19.6% SEM, 17.4% SGFP; preferred: 37.0% SEM, 47.8% SGFP).ConclusionsGaps exist between consensus-based recommendations and current practice patterns. Enhanced medical school/residency training and additional CME initiatives are recommended.Competing interestsNone.