bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Calorie Sweeteners: Disturbing the Energy Balance Equation in Adolescents?
Authors: Sylvetsky Allison C. , Jin Yichen , Mathieu Kevin , DiPietro Loretta , Rother Kristina I. , Talegawkar Sameera A. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between low‐calorie sweeteners (LCSs), energy intake, and weight in US youth.MethodsData were collected from individuals aged 2 to 19 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2010 (n  =  3,296), 2011–2012 (n  =  3,139), and 2013–2014 (n  =  3,034). Logistic regression, unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, energy intake, and physical activity, was used to estimate the odds of obesity in LCS consumers versus nonconsumers, both overall and across product categories (foods vs. beverages) and sociodemographic subgroups.ResultsAmong adolescents, the odds of obesity were 55% and 70% higher in LCS beverage consumers than in nonconsumers in unadjusted and adjusted models, respectively. Energy intakes did not differ based on LCS consumption. In contrast, associations between LCS consumption and obesity risk were not statistically significant among children (2‐11 y old), except in boys and those who self‐identified as Hispanic.ConclusionsLCS consumption is associated with increased odds of obesity among adolescents. This relationship is strikingly independent of total energy intake. Although findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the limitations of self‐reported dietary intake and the cross‐sectional nature of this analysis, the observational analysis in this study supports the need to investigate the mechanisms by which LCS may influence body weight, independently of changes in energy intake.
A Systematic Review of the Effect of Lifestyle Interventions on Adipose Tissue Gene Expression: Implications for Carcinogenesis
Authors: Campbell Kristin L. , Landells Catherine E. , Fan Jeremy , Brenner Darren R. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe mechanisms driving the associations between body weight and physical activity levels and multiple types of cancer are not yet well understood. The purpose of this review was to examine the effects of lifestyle interventions on proposed biomarkers of lifestyle and cancer risk at the level of adipose tissue in humans.MethodsEmbase, MEDLINE, and CINAHL were searched by using keywords relating to exercise or diet interventions, adipose tissue biology, and outcomes of interest. Eligible studies included randomized clinical trials of exercise and/or dietary interventions in humans compared with control or other interventions, reporting the collection of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue.ResultsNineteen studies met criteria for inclusion. Eight studies modified dietary intake, five altered exercise levels, and six studies used a combination of both. Change in subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression was most commonly observed with dietary weight loss, with a pattern of decrease in leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6, along with an increase in adiponectin. There was limited change with exercise‐only interventions or study arms.ConclusionsInterventions leading to weight loss result in an altered gene expression of adipokines and inflammatory markers in subcutaneous adipose tissue, while less change in gene expression was noted with exercise alone.
Flipping the Metabolic Switch: Understanding and Applying the Health Benefits of Fasting
Authors: Anton Stephen D. , Moehl Keelin , Donahoo William T. , Marosi Krisztina , Lee Stephanie A. , Mainous Arch G. , Leeuwenburgh Christiaan , Mattson Mark P. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveIntermittent fasting (IF) is a term used to describe a variety of eating patterns in which no or few calories are consumed for time periods that can range from 12 hours to several days, on a recurring basis. This review is focused on the physiological responses of major organ systems, including the musculoskeletal system, to the onset of the metabolic switch: the point of negative energy balance at which liver glycogen stores are depleted and fatty acids are mobilized (typically beyond 12 hours after cessation of food intake).Results and ConclusionsEmerging findings suggest that the metabolic switch from glucose to fatty acid‐derived ketones represents an evolutionarily conserved trigger point that shifts metabolism from lipid/cholesterol synthesis and fat storage to mobilization of fat through fatty acid oxidation and fatty acid‐derived ketones, which serve to preserve muscle mass and function. Thus, IF regimens that induce the metabolic switch have the potential to improve body composition in overweight individuals. Moreover, IF regimens also induce the coordinated activation of signaling pathways that optimize physiological function, enhance performance, and slow aging and disease processes. Future randomized controlled IF trials should use biomarkers of the metabolic switch (e.g., plasma ketone levels) as a measure of compliance and of the magnitude of negative energy balance during the fasting period.
Two Arabidopsis late pollen transcripts are detected in cytoplasmic granules
Authors: Scarpin María R. , Sigaut Lorena , Temprana Silvio G. , Boccaccio Graciela L. , Pietrasanta Lía I. , Muschietti Jorge P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMany of mRNAs synthesized during pollen development are translated after germination, and we hypothesize that they are stored in cytoplasmic granules. We analyzed the cellular localization of the SKS14 and AT59 Arabidopsis mRNAs, which are orthologues of the tobacco NTP303 and tomato LAT59 pollen mRNAs, respectively, by artificially labeling the transcripts with a MS2‐GFP chimera. A MATLAB‐automated image analysis helped to identify the presence of cytoplasmic SKS14 and AT59 mRNA granules in mature pollen grains. These mRNA granules partially colocalized with VCS and DCP1, two processing body (PB) proteins. Finally, we found a temporal correlation between SKS14 protein accumulation and the disappearance of SKS14 mRNA granules during pollen germination. These results contribute to unveil a mechanism for translational regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen.
ALUMINUM RESISTANCE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 (ART1) contributes to natural variation in aluminum resistance in diverse genetic backgrounds of rice (O. sativa)
Authors: Arbelaez Juan D. , Maron Lyza G. , Jobe Timothy O. , Piñeros Miguel A. , Famoso Adam N. , Rebelo Ana Rita , Singh Namrata , Ma Qiyue , Fei Zhangjun , Kochian Leon V. , McCouch Susan R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) regulate the expression of other genes to indirectly mediate stress resistance mechanisms. Therefore, when studying TF‐mediated stress resistance, it is important to understand how TFs interact with genes in the genetic background. Here, we fine‐mapped the aluminum (Al) resistance QTL Alt12.1 to a 44‐kb region containing six genes. Among them is ART1, which encodes a C2H2‐type zinc finger TF required for Al resistance in rice. The mapping parents, Al‐resistant cv Azucena (tropical japonica) and Al‐sensitive cv IR64 (indica), have extensive sequence polymorphism within the ART1 coding region, but similar ART1 expression levels. Using reciprocal near‐isogenic lines (NILs) we examined how allele‐swapping the Alt12.1 locus would affect plant responses to Al. Analysis of global transcriptional responses to Al stress in roots of the NILs alongside their recurrent parents demonstrated that the presence of the Alt12.1 from Al‐resistant Azucena led to greater changes in gene expression in response to Al when compared to the Alt12.1 from IR64 in both genetic backgrounds. The presence of the ART1 allele from the opposite parent affected the expression of several genes not previously implicated in rice Al tolerance. We highlight examples where putatively functional variation in cis‐regulatory regions of ART1‐regulated genes interacts with ART1 to determine gene expression in response to Al. This ART1–promoter interaction may be associated with transgressive variation for Al resistance in the Azucena × IR64 population. These results illustrate how ART1 interacts with the genetic background to contribute to quantitative phenotypic variation in rice Al resistance.
Diverse contributions of MYC2 and EIN3 in the regulation of Arabidopsis jasmonate‐responsive gene expression
Authors: Zheng Yuyu , Lan Yiheng , Shi Tieliu , Zhu Ziqiang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDerepression of transcription factors is the key mechanism for triggering plant jasmonate (JA) responses. Unlike regulating certain physiological functions for the majority of transcription factors in JA signaling, MYC2 and EIN3 control more diverse aspects. MYC2 predominantly participates in wounding response, metabolism, and root growth inhibition, while EIN3 (and its closest homolog EIL1) regulates defense gene expression and root hair development. Recently, it was reported that MYC2 and EIN3/EIL1 proteins mutually interact with each other and suppress their interaction partner's transcriptional activities. To understand their contributions in the modulation of transcriptomic network, we initially identified 1,495 differentially expressed jasmonate (JA)‐responsive genes in wild‐type Arabidopsis through RNA‐seq analysis. Among them, 25% or 4.2% were independently regulated by EIN3/EIL1 or MYC2, respectively. Further analysis showed that EIN3/EIL1 and MYC2 interdependently regulate 16.3% of the JA‐regulated transcriptome, including downregulation of three auxin‐related genes, which might confer JA‐inhibited root elongation. Lastly, we found that <30 genes were antagonistically regulated by MYC2 and EIN3/EIL1. We conclude that EIN3/EIL1 play a dominant role while MYC2 largely relies on EIN3/EIL1 for executing its transcriptional activity, either synergistically or antagonistically.
High‐throughput profiling and analysis of plant responses over time to abiotic stress
Authors: Veley Kira M. , Berry Jeffrey C. , Fentress Sarah J. , Schachtman Daniel P. , Baxter Ivan , Bart Rebecca 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a rapidly growing, high‐biomass crop prized for abiotic stress tolerance. However, measuring genotype‐by‐environment (G x E) interactions remains a progress bottleneck. We subjected a panel of 30 genetically diverse sorghum genotypes to a spectrum of nitrogen deprivation and measured responses using high‐throughput phenotyping technology followed by ionomic profiling. Responses were quantified using shape (16 measurable outputs), color (hue and intensity), and ionome (18 elements). We measured the speed at which specific genotypes respond to environmental conditions, in terms of both biomass and color changes, and identified individual genotypes that perform most favorably. With this analysis, we present a novel approach to quantifying color‐based stress indicators over time. Additionally, ionomic profiling was conducted as an independent, low‐cost, and high‐throughput option for characterizing G x E, identifying the elements most affected by either genotype or treatment and suggesting signaling that occurs in response to the environment. This entire dataset and associated scripts are made available through an open‐access, user‐friendly, web‐based interface. In summary, this work provides analysis tools for visualizing and quantifying plant abiotic stress responses over time. These methods can be deployed as a time‐efficient method of dissecting the genetic mechanisms used by sorghum to respond to the environment to accelerate crop improvement.
Superior clinical pregnancy rates after microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration
Authors: Hibi Hatsuki , Sumitomo Makoto , Fukunaga Noritaka , Sonohara Megumi , Asada Yoshimasa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurposeTo assess normal fertilization, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates after the use of microscopic epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA).MethodsOne‐hundred‐and‐sixty azoospermic participants who underwent MESA were evaluated. The MESA was performed by using a micropuncture method with a micropipette. In cases in which motile sperm were not obtained after the MESA, conventional or micro‐testicular sperm extraction (TESE) was completed.ResultsAdequate motile sperm were retrieved in 71 participants by using MESA and in 59 out of 89 participants by using TESE. Of the total number of patients, 123 underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection. After MESA, the normal fertilization rate was 73.5% and the clinical pregnancy rate per case was 95.7%. Healthy deliveries resulted after MESA in 65 (92.9%) cases and after TESE in 38 (71.7%) cases.ConclusionThe MESA specimen collection does not have any special requirements, such as mincing tissue disposition. The MESA also can reduce the amount of laboratory work that is needed for cryopreservation. In the authors' experience, MESA is a beneficial procedure and should be given priority over TESE.
Epidermal Growth Factor and Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Signaling Are Synergistic for Hematopoietic Regeneration
Authors: Piryani Sadhna O. , Kam Angel Y. F. , Kliassov Evelyna G. , Chen Benny J. , Spector Neil L. , Chute John P. , Hsu David S. , Chao Nelson J. , Doan Phuong L. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Hematopoietic regeneration following chemotherapy may be distinct from regeneration following radiation. While we have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF) accelerates regeneration following radiation, its role following chemotherapy is currently unknown. We sought to identify EGF as a hematopoietic growth factor for chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. Following 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), EGF accelerated hematopoietic stem cell regeneration and prolonged survival compared with saline-treated mice. To mitigate chemotherapy-induced injury to endothelial cells in vivo, we deleted Bax in VEcadherin+ cells (VEcadherinCre;BaxFL/FL mice). Following 5-FU, VEcadherinCre;BaxFL/FL mice displayed preserved hematopoietic stem/progenitor content compared with littermate controls. 5-FU and EGF treatment resulted in increased cellular proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and increased DNA double-strand break repair by non-homologous end-joining recombination compared with saline-treated control mice. When granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is given with EGF, this combination was synergistic for regeneration compared with either G-CSF or EGF alone. EGF increased G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) expression following 5-FU. Conversely, G-CSF treatment increased both EGF receptor (EGFR) and phosphorylation of EGFR in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In humans, the expression of EGFR is increased in patients with colorectal cancer treated with 5-FU compared with cancer patients not on 5-FU. Similarly, EGFR signaling is responsive to G-CSF in humans in vivo with both increased EGFR and phospho-EGFR in healthy human donors following G-CSF treatment compared with donors who did not receive G-CSF. These data identify EGF as a hematopoietic growth factor following myelosuppressive chemotherapy and that dual therapy with EGF and G-CSF may be an effective method to accelerate hematopoietic regeneration.
Diallyl trisulfide suppresses doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting MAPK/NF‐κB signaling through attenuation of ROS generation
Authors: Wen Su‐Ying , Tsai Cheng‐Yen , Pai Pei‐Ying , Chen Yi‐Wei , Yang Yao‐Chih , Aneja Ritu , Huang Chih‐Yang , Kuo Wei‐Wen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundDoxorubicin (Dox) is an effective anticancer agent. However, its effectiveness is limited by its cardiotoxic effects. It has also been reported that the mitogen‐activated protein kinase family and NF‐κB can be activated by Dox treatment. DATS has been shown to be a potent antioxidant with cardioprotective effects. We investigate whether Dox induces cardiac apoptosis through JNK‐ and ERK‐dependent NF‐κB upregulation that can be reduced by DATS treatment.Methods and MaterialH9c2 cells were treated with 0.5–1.5 μM Dox for 24 hours. Dox promoted apoptosis and ROS generation and inhibited viability in a dose‐dependent manner. Then, the phosphorylation levels of JNK, ERK, and NF‐κB evaluated by western blot were elevated. We used inhibitors of JNK, ERK, and NF‐κB to determine which of these proteins were involved in Dox‐induced apoptosis. Furthermore, Dox‐exposed cells were treated with DATS at doses of 1, 5, and 10 μM, and the data demonstrated that ROS generation and apoptotic proteins were decreased and that ERK and NF‐κB were downregulated in a dose‐dependent manner. Additionally, six‐week‐old rats were divided into three groups (n = 6 per group) designed as an eight‐week study. Normal, Dox (at dose 3.75 mg/kg by ip) administered with or without DATS (at dose 40 mg/kg by gavage) treatment groups. The results indicate that cardiac dysfunction, apoptosis, and JNK, ERK, and NF‐κB activation by Dox were reversed by treatment with DATS.ConclusionDATS appears to suppress Dox‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting NADPH oxidase‐related ROS production and the downstream JNK/ERK/NF‐κB signaling pathway; DATS may possess clinical therapeutic potential by blocking Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity.
Utility of Different Adherence Measures for PrEP: Patterns and Incremental Value
Authors: Abaasa Andrew , Hendrix Craig , Gandhi Monica , Anderson Peter , Kamali Anatoli , Kibengo Freddie , Sanders Eduard J. , Mutua Gaudensia , Bumpus Namandjé N. , Priddy Frances , Haberer Jessica E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMeasuring PrEP adherence remains challenging. In 2009–2010, the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative randomized phase II trial participants to daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine or placebo in Uganda and Kenya. Adherence was measured by electronic monitoring (EM), self-report (SR), and drug concentrations in plasma and hair. Each adherence measure was categorised as low, moderate, or high and also considered continuously; the incremental value of combining measures was determined. Forty-five participants were followed over 4 months. Discrimination for EM adherence by area under receiver operating curves (AROC) was poor for SR (0.53) and best for hair (AROC 0.85). When combining hair with plasma or hair with self-report, discrimination was improved (AROC > 0.9). Self-reported adherence was of low utility by itself. Hair level was the single best PK measure to predict EM-assessed adherence; the other measurements had lower discrimination values. Combining short-term (plasma) and long-term (hair) metrics could be useful to assess patterns of drug-taking in the context of PrEP.
A point projection approach for improving the accuracy of the multilevel B-spline approximation
Authors: Moon Seonghyeon , Ko Kwanghee 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this study, we present a method for improving the accuracy of the multilevel B-spline approximation (MBA) method. We combine a point projection method with the MBA method for reducing the approximation error by directly adjusting the control points in the local area. An initial surface is generated by the MBA method, and grid points are produced on the surface. These grid points are projected onto the scattered point set, and the distances between the grid points and the projected points are computed. The control points are then modified based on the distances. The proposed method shows better approximations even with the same number of control points and ensures C2-continuity. The experimental results with examples verify the validity of the proposed method.
Highlights We propose a method for improving the multilevel B-spline approximation method. We use a point projection method for computing the amount of errors. The computed errors are directly applied to the control points for reducing the approximation error.
Use of Mental Health Services by Adolescents After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Huebner Andrea R.S. , Cassedy Amy , Brown Tanya M. , Taylor H. Gerry , Stancin Terry , Kirkwood Michael W. , Wade Shari L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundMental health problems are common after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Many patients in need of mental health services do not receive them, but studies have not consistently used prospective and objective methods or followed samples for more than 1 year.ObjectiveTo examine adolescents' use of mental health services after TBI.DesignSecondary analysis from multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial.SettingFive level 1 U.S. trauma centers.ParticipantsAdolescents aged 12‐17 years with moderate‐to‐severe TBI were recruited for a randomized clinical trial (n = 132 at baseline, 124 at 6 months, 113 at 12 months, and 101 at 18 months).MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to counselor‐assisted problem‐solving or Internet resource comparison. Follow‐up assessments were completed at 6, 12, and 18 months after baseline. Generalized estimating equations with a logit link were used to examine use of mental health services. Treatment group and participant impairment were examined as predictors of use.Main Outcome MeasurementsMental health care use was measured with the Service Assessment for Children and Adolescents; daily functioning and clinical outcome with the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale; behavioral and emotional functioning with the Child Behavior Checklist; and executive dysfunction with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function.ResultsUse of mental health services ranged from 22% to 31% in the 2 years post‐TBI. Participants with impairments were about 3 times more likely than those without impairments to receive services (odds ratio 4.61; 95% confidence interval 2.61‐8.14; P < .001). However, 50%‐68% of patients identified as impaired had unmet mental health care needs.ConclusionsLess than one half of adolescents with behavioral health needs after TBI received mental health services. Future studies are needed to examine barriers associated with seeking services after TBI and psychoeducation as preventive care for this population.Level of EvidenceII