bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired glucose tolerance after streptozotocin microinjection into the mediodorsal prefrontal cortex of the rat
Authors: Nagy B , Szabó I , Takács G , Csetényi B , Hormay E , Karádi Z 
Published: December 2016

The mediodorsal prefrontal cortex (mdPFC) is a key structure of the central glucose-monitoring (GM) neural network. Previous studies indicate that intracerebral streptozotocin (STZ) microinjection-induced destruction of local chemosensory neurons results in feeding and metabolic alterations. The present experiments aimed to examine whether STZ microinjection into the mdPFC causes metabolic deficits. To do so, glucose tolerance test (GTT) and measurements of plasma metabolites were performed in STZ-treated or control rats. Intraperitoneal D-glucose load was delivered 20 min or 4 weeks following the intracerebral microinjection of STZ or saline (acute or subacute GTT, respectively). The STZ-treated rats displayed acute glucose intolerance: at the 120th min of the test, blood glucose level of these rats was significantly higher than that of the ones in the control group. When determining the plasma level of various metabolites, 30 min following the intracerebral STZ or saline microinjection, the triglyceride concentration of the STZ-treated rats was found to be reduced compared with that of the control rats. The GM neurons of the mdPFC are suggested to be involved in the organization of complex metabolic processes by which these chemosensory cells contribute to adaptive control mechanisms of the maintenance of homeostasis.
Protective effect of crocin and voluntary exercise against oxidative stress in the heart of high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Ghorbanzadeh V , Mohammadi M , Mohaddes G , Dariushnejad H , Chodari L , Mohammadi S 
Published: December 2016

Background
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of type 2 diabetes and diabetic-associated cardiovascular complications. This study investigated the impact of crocin combined with voluntary exercise on heart oxidative stress indicator in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic rats.

Materials and methods
Rats were divided into four groups: diabetes, diabetic-crocin, diabetic-voluntary exercise, diabetic-crocin-voluntary exercise. Type 2 diabetes was induced by high-fat diet (4 weeks) and injection of streptozotocin (intraperitoneally, 35 mg/kg). Animals received crocin orally (50 mg/kg); voluntary exercise was performed alone or combined with crocin treatment for 8 weeks. Finally, malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) were measured spectrophotometrically.

Results
Treatment of diabetic rats with crocin and exercise significantly decreased the levels of MDA (p < 0.001) and increased the activity of SOD, GPx, and CAT compared with the untreated diabetic group. In addition, combination of exercise and crocin amplified their effect on antioxidant levels in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic rats.

Conclusion
We suggest that a combination of crocin with voluntary exercise treatment may cause more beneficial effects in antioxidant defense system of heart tissues than the use of crocin or voluntary exercise alone.
Comparison of different methods for microencapsulation of probiotics
Authors: Breitenbach Jutta , Beermann Christopher , Esper Günter J. 
Published: December 2016

At the Department of Food Technology at Fulda University of Applied Sciences different methods for microencapsulation of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016 were investigated. The aim of these studies was to develop a process to stabilize the probiotic bacteria for storage and to prevent them from the gastric conditions, to ensure that a satisfactory amount of the probiotics could reach their target location, the human intestine. Drying processes like spray drying and freeze drying were tested as well as fluidized bed granulation with optional Wurster coating using different auxiliary materials. As encapsulation material maltodextrine, sweet whey powder or gummi arabicum were used. The coating experiments were performed with an aqueous shellac solution.
In the performed studies the fluidized bed bottom spray granulation with an additional Wurster coating turned out to be an encouraging procedure to keep the probiotics in a stable form resistant against gastric conditions. The survival rate in the simulated gastro-intestinal passage could be increased up to the sevenfold amount of the untreated bacteria.
EVALUASI PEMBERIAN PROBIOTIK BACILLUS PADA MEDIA PEMELIHARAAN TERHADAP LAJU PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERUBAHAN HISTOPATOLOGI IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus) YANG DIINFEKSI Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Lusiastuti Angela Mariana , Ulkhaq Mohammad Faizal , Widanarni Widanarni , Prihadi Tri Heru 
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of a probiotic Bacillus on culture medium through growth rate and histopathological change in African Catfish who was infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. The study consisted of five treatments such as the addition of probiotic Bacillus ND2, Bacillus P4I2, Bacillus ND2 + Bacillus P4I2 (Kom), positive control (K+) and negative control (K-) (without probiotic addition). African Catfish (13.354±2.8 g) was maintained in 15 aquariums (40 L in volume) with 30 fishes each for 30 days. Probiotic bacteria was applied in water once a day, whereas pathogenic bacteria A. hydrophila (103 CFU/mL) were added once in earlier treatment (except for the negative control) as assumption that A. hydrophila will shape up quorum sensing in unfortunate condition. The result showed that the highest spesific growth rate in the treatment of Bacillus ND2 probiotics (1,708 ± 0.114%). Histopathology showed that damaged of liver dan kidney in probiotics treatment were lightner than positive control (K+). The addition of Bacillus P4I1 (104 CFU/mL) efective to increased the spesific growth rate of African Catfish and prevent the damage of liver and kidney of African Catfish was infected by Aeromoniasis.
RAGAM GENOTIPE IKAN TENGADAK, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (Bleeker 1854) PERSILANGAN POPULASI JAWA DAN KALIMANTAN BERDASARKAN RAPD
Authors: Radona Deni , Soelistyowati Dinar Tri , Gustiano Rudhy , Carman Odang , Kusmini Irin Iriana , Sundari Sri 
Published: December 2016

Dalam rangka pengelolaan sumber genetik untuk pengembangan budidaya ikan tengadak maka perlu dilakukan evaluasi sumber genetik ikan tengadak asal Jawa dan Kalimantan, serta progeni hibridanya. Analisis genetik dilakukan secara molekuler dengan metode RAPD. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan untuk analisis RAPD sebanyak 10 ekor setiap populasi. Spesimen yang digunakan untuk analisis RAPD adalah sirip untuk induk dan whole body untuk hibrida. Hasil menunjukkan polimorfisme (32,43%) dan heterozigositas (0,13) tertinggi terdapat pada ikan tengadak hasil persilangan betina Jawa x jantan Kalimantan, sedangkan yang terendah diperoleh pada persilangan betina Kalimantan x jantan Jawa (polimorfisme: 21,62% dan heterozigositas: 0,10). Berdasarkan dendrogram hubungan kekerabatan interpopulasi ikan tengadak hasil persilangan (betina Kalimantan x jantan Jawa) dengan induknya (populasi Jawa dan Kalimantan) menggunakan tiga primer RAPD (OPA-08, OPA-09, dan OPC-02) menunjukkan jarak genetik berkisar 0,48. Ikan tengadak betina asal Jawa dan jantan asal Kalimantan potensial meningkatkan keragaman genetik.In order to maintain the genetic sources of tinfoil barb for aquaculture development, it is necessary to evaluate the genetic diversity crossbred results of tinfoil barb from Java and Kalimantan. The genetic assessment was conducted by genotype trails using RAPD methods. The samples used for the analysis of RAPD was as much as 10 individuals. Specimens used for RAPD analysis was a fin for broodstock and whole body for the hybrid fish. The result showed that the highest polymorphism and heterozygosity were found 32.43% and 0.13 in population crossbred of female Java x male Kalimantan. While the lowest polymorphism and heterozygosity were detected on population of f Kalimantan x m Java (21.62% and 0.10, respectively). Based on the relationship between tinfoil barb hybrid (female Kalimantan x male Java) with a both broodstock population using three RAPD primers (OPA-08, OPA-09, and OPC-02) resulted in genetic distance of 0.48. Females tinfoil barb from Kalimantan and males from Java potential could increase genetic diversity.
Allergic rhinitis in India: an overview
Authors: Chandrika D. 
Published: December 2016

<p class="abstract">Prevalence of allergic diseases including asthma, rhinitis, anaphylaxis, food, drug or insect allergy, is rising worldwide affecting about 10-25% of population being one of the top ten reasons for visit to primary care physicians. Though it often adversely affects the quality of life; in India allergic rhinitis is often regarded as trivial disease and patients fail to attribute the ill health to its symptoms<span lang="EN-IN">. </span>In study on children with allergic rhinitis nasal symptoms and rhinoconjunctivitis were present and there was consistent rise in its prevalence. Proportion of blockers is higher compared to sneeze runners. Nasal obstruction was the most common symptom and blockers had significantly more sensitization to polyvalent house dust, house dust mites and fungi, whereas sneeze-runners had more sensitization to pollens, asthma was the most common comorbid condition present, In majority of children had one or more comorbidity, allergic rhinitis adversely affected behaviour, work performance and life style of patients.</p>
Postural control among normal population of different age groups
Authors: Ismail Naema , Abd El-Salam Gehan S. , Fathi Asmaa 
Published: December 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Postural control continues to change in later stages of life. Age-related changes may occur within or between sub-systems involved in postural control. It is thought clinically that these changes are important as they often result in falls &amp; injury. The aim of the work was to compare the balance characteristics among different age groups using computerized dynamic posturography to provide clinicians with normal references<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Inclusion criteria were study group consisted of (30) normal healthy individuals, age range 16-79 years, with neither hearing nor vestibular complaints. It was divided into 3 age groups, each group consisted of 10 patients. Group (A) young- 16-39 years, group (B) middle- 40-59 years and group (C) elderly- 60-79 years. Exclusion criteria were history of neuromuscular or neuroskeletal disease, symptoms of unsteadiness, dizziness or vertigo, symptoms of impaired sensory function, symptoms of arthritis or lower limb problem, symptoms of uncorrected visual problems, symptoms of postural hypotension or diabetes, medication intake such as sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics &amp; antidepressants. All participants were subjected to full history taking, otologic examination, basic audiologic evaluation, computerized dynamic posturography which included sensory organization test, limits of stability and rhythmic weight shift<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Sensory organization test: The elderly group (C) had lowest equilibrium score with eyes open, closed &amp; with conflicted visual cues on swayed surface (condition 6) and also this group have lowest percentage of SOT strategy. There was a statistically significant difference among A &amp; C groups when using sensory organization test strategy in all conditions. Limits of stability test: The elderly group has higher overall reaction time. There was statistically significant difference in all conditions of limits of stability as regards directional control. Rhythmic weight shift right and left test: There was a statistically significant difference between groups A &amp; C in low &amp; medium speed on on-axis velocity &amp; directional control. Rhythmic weight shift front &amp; back test: There was no statistically significant difference between all groups as regards on-axis velocity. There was highly statistically significant difference between all groups in all trials as regards directional control.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Postural instability occurs frequently in healthy elderly subjects. Sensory organization test is the most effective test to compare balance function among different age groups<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>
Is cartilage- perichondrium composite graft tympanoplasty the ideal treatment for revision tympanoplasty
Authors: Tyagi Brajpal Singh , Tyagi Sushant , Srivastava Mohit , Tyagi Amit 
Published: December 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was <span lang="EN-IN">to evaluate the anatomical and audiological outcomes of cartilage-perichondrium composite graft tympanoplasty by underlay technique in revision tympanoplasties. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A series of 55 patients who underwent revision tympanoplasty with cartilage-perichondrium composite Island graft, at the department of Otorhinolaryngology, Harsh ENT Hospital, Ghaziabad. Tympanoplasty with cartilage-perichondrium composite island graft was done using underlay technique after slicing the cartilage with help of slicer. Ossiculoplasty was performed as and when needed. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Graft uptake rate was found to be 96.36% (53 of the 55 cases) in our study without any serious complications. Audiological outcomes with closure of 94.55% air bone gap within 0 to 30 dB was achieved (p &lt;0.05)<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Nearly 97% success rate can be achieved with cartilage-perichondrium composite graft tympanoplasty for Revision tympanoplasty<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>
Fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles: a study of 25 cases
Authors: Prajapati Viral , Khilnani Ajeet Kumar , Gami Gambhirsang , Bhalodiya Neena , Gupta Devang 
Published: December 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Paranasal sinus mucoceles are quite rare and a comprehensive study regarding their incidence, presentations, management and complications is significantly lacking in our geographical area which led to our prospective study. Fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles are the most common expansile lesions of the paranasal sinuses.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective study of 25 cases of patients presenting with fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles in a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad. All patients were managed surgically through endoscopic approach. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The study comprised of 25 cases of fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles. The average age of the patients was 47.72 years with a range of 21–75 years. 16 patients (64%) were females. The most common involvement was of frontal sinus (16 cases, 64%). The most common presenting symptom was displacement of eyeball (68% cases). The most common presenting sign was proptosis, present in 68% cases. Endoscopic sinus surgery was the most commonly used modality of treatment of frontal mucocele and fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles (23 cases). In 2 cases combined approach surgery (endoscopic and external) was done.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Mucoceles most commonly occur between 4<sup>th</sup> to 7<sup>th</sup> decades of life. In most cases no predisposing factor is identified. The diagnosis is based on the history, physical examination and radiological findings. CT is the preferred imaging modality for mucoceles.Endoscopic endonasal surgery is currently the most commonly used surgical approach. </p>
A comparative study of coblation assissted adenotonsillectomy and cold dissection adenotonsillectomy in children
Authors: V. Nithya , Dutta Angshuman , K. Sabarigirish 
Published: December 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of the present study was to compare intraoperative blood loss, operative duration and postoperative pain between coblation-assisted adenotonsillectomy and cold dissection adenotonsillectomy in children.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective, randomized, single-blind trial of pediatric patients aged 7 to 13 years undergoing adenotonsillectomy was conducted. Patients were randomized to undergo either cold dissection or coblation-assisted adenotonsillectomy. Measured intraoperative parameters included surgical duration and intraoperative blood loss. Measured postoperative parameters included a daily pain rating using the visual analog scale on the postoperative evening, postoperative day 1 and day 7. Intraoperative and postoperative measures were statistically compared between the two groups<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Sixty children were randomized and included in the study. 30 patients underwent cold dissection adenotonsillectomy and 30 coblation-assisted adenotonsillectomy. Mean age was 8.7 years in the coblation group and 9.1 years in the cold dissection group. Intraoperative blood loss was lower for the coblation assisted adenotonsillectomy group versus the cold dissection adenotonsillectomy group which was proved statistically (mean bleeding was 16.67 in coblation group and 58.67 in cold dissection group and p value &lt;0.0001).There was statistically no significant difference in the mean pain scores in the 2 groups in the postoperative evening and on postoperative day 1. The mean pain scores on postoperative day 7 were found to be 3.4 in the coblation group and 2.47 in the cold dissection group with a significant p value of 0.0087. The average duration of surgery in the coblation group was 55.6 minutes as against 34.1 minutes in the cold dissection group. The p- value was found to be less than 0.0001 which makes the difference statistically significant<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study found that the intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in Coblation adenotonsillectomy than in cold dissection adenotonsillectomy. The duration of surgery in Coblation assisted adenotonsillectomy is significantly greater than the duration of surgery in cold dissectionadenotonsillectomy. While the postoperative pain scores are similar with coblation and cold dissection adenotonsillectomy in the early postoperative period, it is significantly more with coblation in the late postoperative period<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>
Mundialização do capital e mobilidade humana: cenários, atores e políticas
Authors: Silva Marluce Souza e , Queiróz Imar Domingos , Ferreira Vera 
Published: December 2016

Resumo: O movimento do capital em nada corresponde ao movimento das pessoas em busca de refúgio e/ou de oportunidades. O capital busca livremente por novos mercados capazes de absorver excedentes, desterritorializando a produção para países periféricos, flexibilizando direitos sociais, ao mesmo tempo em que governos cerceiam a liberdade e as oportunidades dos imigrantes. O artigo analisa a relação entre o desenvolvimento da economia capitalista e a mobilidade internacional da força de trabalho, tomando como referência dados estatísticos sobre imigração e as políticas imigratórias de alguns dos principais países receptores de imigrantes. A análise dos dados revela que no contexto da mundialização a adoção de políticas migratórias restritivas tem sido a tônica tanto nos países centrais como nos países periféricos.Palavras-chave: Mundialização. Capital. Migração. Políticas Imigratórias. Mundialization of capital and human mobility: scenarios, characters and politics Abstract: The capital’s movement in nothing corresponds to the movement of people in search of refuge and or opportunities. The capital freely searches for new markets able to consume surplus, deterritorialization of the production to peripheral countries increasing consumer markets, especially through financial credits, loosening social rights, while the governments limit freedom and opportunities of immigrants. The article analyzes the relation between development of the capitalist economy and workforce’s international mobility, taking as reference statistic datas about immigration. Data’s analysis shows that in the mundialization context the adoption of restrictive migratory politics has been the theme both in central countries as well as in peripherical countries.Key words: Mundialization. Capital. Migration. Immigration politics.
The Association Between Corporate Tax Avoidance And Audit Efforts: Evidence From Korea
Authors: Bae Seong Ho 
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this paper is to verify external auditors’ behavior toward corporate tax avoidance (hereafter ‘CTA’) via audit efforts. In particular, this study examines the effect of CTA on actual audit hours and abnormal audit hours (i.e., auditor perception of corporate tax avoidance as a risk factor). For the successful CTA, the managers have incentives to render corporate information environments more complex and opaque, and as a result exacerbate information asymmetries. And some real-world cases of CTA suggest that it is closely related to the principal-agent regime. These negative aspects of CTA may increase inherent and control risk of audit risks. Considering the monitoring role of external auditing, the auditors may respond to increased inherent and control risks which are consequent to CTA. And the auditor responses are expected to reflect directly in audit hours. For this empirical question, this paper used 2,588 firm-year observations from Korea stock exchange market in the period 2001-2010. We found that in response to increased audit risk from CTA, auditors increased the number of actual audit hours or devoted more audit hours than normal to achieve a given level of audit risk. This study contributes to the literature and auditing practices by extending the auditing and tax literature on the examination of auditor behavior toward CTA and by implying the firms’ CTA behavior is one of the audit risk factors that affect audit planning, respectively.
Exploring Product Fit And Brand Fit In Brand Alliances: Establishing The Role Of Categorization Processes
Authors: Norman Andrew T. 
Published: December 2016

The marketing strategy of brand alliance has received considerable attention in marketing literature. A significant factor in the study of how consumers process brand alliances is the concept of “fit”. Specifically, it has been shown that consumers evaluate the extent to which the brands and products in a brand alliance are congruent. While the concept of fit has been addressed in brand alliance research, little is known about what fit really is. This paper seeks to establish the processes by which consumers make evaluations of both product and brand fit. Based on a review of the relevant literature, it is proposed that consumers use higher-order categorization processes in evaluating brand alliances. A 2 x 2 experiment was conducted to test multiple hypotheses. Results confirm these hypotheses and confirm that consumers do indeed conduct a higher-order category search as they evaluate brand alliances. Based on this work, an entire field of research can now be applied to the study of this promotional strategy. While various studies in the recent past have examined factors affecting the processing of brand alliances, there remains a great deal to be learned about how brand alliance information is processed and what factors affect both cognitive and evaluative outcomes. Applications of categorization theories open new avenues in the study of this area of consumer research.