bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the Surface Texture-Microparticles Synergistic Lubrication Mechanism of Artificial Joint
Authors: Liu Qi , Shentu Jun , Yang Daolong , Ni Yuquan , Yuan Hengdi , Guo Junde , Dong Guangneng , Wang Guanghong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
After total joint replacement surgery, frequent injection of lubricating substances is required due to lubrication failure caused by the absorption of lubricants by the human body, which will cause serious physiological and psychological burdens on patients. In this study, with the help of surface texture aggregation of particles, gelatin microgel particles with a diameter of about 4 μm were used as lubricating substances to achieve aggregation in the texture, thus improving the friction environment under low-concentration lubricants. The study found that the rectangular cross-sectional texture demonstrated the most effective anti-friction properties, resulting in a 26% reduction in friction coefficient compared to non-textured surfaces. Additionally, utilizing comsol for particle flow simulation, researchers observed the motion behavior of particles within the texture and clarified the mechanism of particle aggregation and the improvement of lubrication on the surface. This article confirms the beneficial effects of combining surface texture and particles on lubrication, thus providing valuable insight for improving lubrication in dilute particle solutions.
Ultrasonic Corner Wave Imaging for Crack Characterization in Nozzle-To-Vessel Welds
Authors: Xu Xintao , Jin Haoran , Yu Zhenyang , Yang Keji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cracks are easily generated in nozzle-to-vessel welds owing to the difficulty of welding and the harsh operating conditions of the pressure vessels. The phased array ultrasonic testing method enables accurate and convenient weld inspection of in-service vessels, however, it is difficult to detect cracks in certain directions, such as cracks parallel to the weld surface, because the specular echoes cannot be received when the probe is placed from the outside. This paper proposes ultrasonic corner wave imaging by extending the multi-view plane wave imaging to include more ultrasonic ray paths. Utilizing the paths consisting of up to four successive reflections on the nozzle backwall and sidewall, the specular echoes from surface-parallel cracks can be received and imaged. Combining these multiple views enables accurate crack characterization. Simulation was performed using the CIVA UT software and experiments were conducted on steel reference blocks containing notches at different angles. The results show that all defects can be characterized along with position and sizing accuracy within 0.8 mm and an angle deviation below 2°. Artifacts induced by waves in other modes or paths were observed in the image, but they can be accurately identified, without affecting the detection results.
Harmonic Imaging of Local Plastic Regions in Metals By Mode Converted Transverse Wave and Longitudinal Thickness-Mode Local Resonance Techniques
Authors: Grimsley Thomas J , Kyotani Kazuhiro , Shirota Takeru , Kawashima Koichiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work we present and compare two ultrasonic immersion scanning imaging techniques based on the nonlinear phenomenon of harmonic generation: harmonic imaging using 1) mode converted transverse waves (MCTW) and 2) excited longitudinal thickness-mode local resonances (LTR). Both techniques make use of harmonic generation, which refers to the harmonic distortion developed in a sinusoidal ultrasonic wave as it propagates through a material with a nonlinear response. The MCTW technique measures the relative harmonic content of wave packets that have travelled through the sample thickness with at least 1 trip as a transverse wave generated at a boundary reflection. In the local thickness-mode resonance (LTR) technique the frequency of the excitation applied to the transducer is chosen to correspond to one of the longitudinal thickness modes of the sample, and the duration is chosen such that a strong reverberation is developed in the sample. Results are shown for 1) aluminum alloy plates subjected to a maximum tensile plastic strain of 0.3%, and 2) a steel (SM400) plate subjected to tension-tension low-cycle fatigue. We find that both techniques are capable of imaging the plastic region. The MCTW technique is found to show the plastic regions more clearly than the LTR technique, which is very sensitive to sample thickness variation and boundary effects.
Simultaneous Ultrasound using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Machado Victor H. R. , Burda Matheus A. , Prado Tatiana de A. , Brante Glauber , Passarin Thiago A. R. , Maia Joaquim M. , Pires Gustavo P. , Pipa Daniel R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Reducing the acquisition time in nondestructive ultrasound inspection is always beneficial, especially during costly campaigns. The simultaneous emission of coded waveforms is a promising approach in this sense. However, coded sequences must have low auto-correlation sidelobes and low crosscorrelation to avoid artifacts in the resultant image. In addition, ultrasound systems usually employ a tri-state, pulse-width modulated ternary excitation scheme, which limits the waveforms that can be generated at the output of the transducer. Therefore, a joint strategy that considers both the hardware constraints and the correlation properties is crucial to obtaining good images. This paper addresses the problem of designing coded sequences with favorable auto- and cross-correlation properties for ultrasound systems that employ a tri-state excitation scheme. We implement an iterative framework resorting to a genetic algorithm with a cost function that combines auto- and cross-correlations metrics. Results show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches, resulting in lower auto-correlation sidelobes and low cross-correlation than the usual frequency-modulated chirps.
Guided Waves-Based Disbond Detection of Double-Layer Plates using LSTM Networks
Authors: Wang Junzhen , Qu Jianmin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Adhesively bonded structures are of great interest in a wide range of industries. However, such adhesive bonds are prone to interfacial defects like disbond and delamination during both the fabrication process and service life. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning (DL) approach to automatically localize and size the disbond in a double-layer plate using ultrasonic guided waves. This plate consists of an aluminum substrate with a stainless-steel coating layer. A guided wave active sensing procedure is used by implementing one transmitter-receiver configuration. Both guided wave pulse-echo and pitch-catch signals are simulated through finite element simulations under various disbond scenarios. To account for uncertainty and noise in the experimental measurements, Gaussian random noise is introduced in the numerically simulated data. The proposed DL model organically combines the convolutional neural network (CNN) with long short-term memory (LSTM). Once trained, the neural network is capable of outputting the location and length of the disbond between the transmitter and receiver. Not only the testing set but also the extended unseen dataset is accurately predicted by the well-trained neural network. These results demonstrate that the proposed method has tremendous potential for characterizing disbond in practical nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and structural health monitoring (SHM) applications.
A Web Application for Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing Analysis
Authors: Guarneri Giovanni A. , Pegorini Vinicius , Pipa Daniel R. , Pires Gustavo P. , Nunes Maria Isabela S. , Forlin Felipe , Passarin Thiago A. R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Identifying and mapping corrosion represents a significant challenge in maintaining oil production systems. Mechanical and chemical phenomena, such as abrasion and hydrogen attack, cause corrosion on the internal surface of pipes. Knowing the dimensions of corrosion enables technicians to make decisions about the structural stability of pipelines under operating conditions. Using ultrasound imaging is a non-destructive approach to assessing the state of internal surfaces. We present a web application for processing ultrasound signals and image reconstruction. However, it can be used in any non-destructive ultrasound inspection application. The software is developed mainly in Python and Typescript, using a different approach than conventional web applications. Instead of using a standard structure, with the front-end running in the browser and the back-end running the data processing on a remote server, our application runs entirely on the browser through Pyodide, a Python distribution for the browser and Node.js based on WebAssembly whilst the server side only hosts the web application files. The application is divided into modules for (i) graphical interface, (ii) reading inspection files, (iii) signal preprocessing, (iv) estimation of inspection parameters, (v) external surface detection (for inspection by immersion), and (vi) image reconstruction. The web application allows Python script execution and offers a userfriendly interface for running image reconstruction algorithms. This paper describes the development of critical features and indicates the chosen implementation of algorithms. The current state of development is presented, and the next steps toward the ultimate goal of corrosion mapping are defined.
X-ray Images Augmented with Simulated Virtual Flaws for Deep Learning Based Defect Detections
Authors: Miorelli Roberto , Touron Anthony , Escoda Julie , Bannouf Souad , Demaldent Edouard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes the performance of object detection algorithms in detecting flaws in welds inspected by X-ray testing. We propose a learning framework that relies on both experimental acquisitions and simulations to build a training set of images with virtual flaws. This set is then used to fit object detection algorithms aiming at detecting flaws in welds. After training, we analyzed the machine learning performance against real flaws in welds using experimental X-ray testing images that were not included in the training process.
Peridynamics Based Modeling for Investigating the Effect of Topography and Topological Acoustic Sensing Performance in Monitoring Damage Growth
Authors: Zhang Guangdong , Deymier Pierre A. , Runge Keith , Kundu Tribikram 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A newly developed nonlinear ultrasonic (NLU) technique called sideband band peak count-index (or SPC-I) measures the degree of nonlinearity associated with the inspected specimen – larger SPC-I values indicate higher nonlinearity. In various published papers, the SPC-I technique has shown its effectiveness and superiority in comparison to other techniques for nondestructive testing (NDT) and structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. In this work, the performance of SPC-I in non-homogeneous specimens having different topographies is investigated using peridynamics based periultrasound modeling. Three types of topographies – “X” topography, “Y” topography and “XY” topography are introduced by adding thin strips made up of a second material and thus converting the homogeneous plate into a heterogeneous structure. It is observed that “X” and “XY” topographies can help to hide the crack growth, thus making cracks undetectable to the nonlinear SPC-I based monitoring technique. In addition to the SPC-I technique, we investigate the applicability of the emerging method of topological acoustic sensing. This method monitors the changes in the geometric phase; a measure of the changes in linear or nonlinear wave’s spatial behavior during its propagation in plate structures having various topographies. The computed results show that the magnitudes of jumps in geometric phase change plots can be good indicators to distinguish cracks with different thicknesses although these cracks can remain hidden in some topographies during the single point inspection based on the nonlinear SPC-I based monitoring technique.
Simulation-Assisted Guided Waves Imaging for SHM : Tomography and Shape Derivative
Authors: Thomas Axel , Druet Tom , Recoquillay Arnaud , Chapuis Bastien 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The remaining thickness of a structure is critical information for many sensitive industries. To this end, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) aims to establish regular monitoring of critical infrastructure. We are particularly interested here in tomographic methods using guided elastic waves. These methods can reconstruct the thickness of a structure from measurements of the guided wave propagation. Until now, the most studied guided waves tomographic method are based on an acoustic propagation model. Although it provides a quick and robust estimate of thickness, its resolution and applicability are limited due to simplified physics. To overcome this problem, we have adapted the so-called shape derivative to the elastodynamic case, which can be seen as a specific case of FullWaveformInversion where the shape of the structure is recovered. This iterative approach considers all the effects that occur during propagation, enabling the handling of complex structures. An optimized calculation is performed with the help of spectral finite element method. However, shape derivative method stay very time-consuming due to many iteration necessary for convergence. To address this issue, we have chosen to use the result of acoustic algorithm as an initial estimate. This strategy reduces computational times. This paper presents experimental case studies demonstrating the significance of initialization in the algorithm’s convergence process.
Development of learning objectives to support undergraduate virology curriculum guidelines
Authors: Kushner David B. , Breitbart Mya , Debbink Kari M. , Ferran Maureen C. , Johnson Dylan M. , Newcomb Laura L. , O'Donnell Lauren A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

It has become increasingly important for microbiology educators to help students learn critical concepts of the discipline. This is particularly true in virology, where current challenges include increasing rates of vaccine hesitancy, misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic, and controversy surrounding research on pathogens with pandemic potential. Having students learn virology can attract more people to the field and increase the number of people who can engage in meaningful discourse about issues relating to the discipline. However, the limited number of virologists who teach undergraduates, combined with the fact that many institutions lack stand-alone virology courses, results in virology often being taught as a limited number of lectures within an undergraduate microbiology course (if it is covered at all), which may or may not be taught by an individual trained as a virologist. To provide a framework to teach virology to undergraduate students, a team of virology educators, with support from the American Society for Virology (ASV), developed curriculum guidelines for use in a stand-alone undergraduate virology course or a virology section within another course (D. B. Kushner et al., J Virol 96:e01305-22, 2022,
https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01305-22
). These guidelines are available at the ASV website (
https://asv.org/curriculum-guidelines/
). To assist educators in implementing these guidelines, we created examples of measurable learning objectives. This perspective provides details about the virology curriculum guidelines and learning objectives and accompanies the perspective by Boury et al. in this issue of the
Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
(25:e00126-24, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.00126-24
) about the recent revision of the microbiology curriculum guidelines overseen by the American Society for Microbiology.
Comprehensive phage display viral antibody profiling using VirScan: potential applications in chronic immune-mediated disease
Authors: Shrewsbury Jed Valentiner , Vitus Evangelin Shaloom , Koziol Adam Leslie , Nenarokova Anna , Jess Tine , Elmahdi Rahma 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Phage immunoprecipitation sequencing (PhIP-Seq) is a high-throughput platform that uses programmable phage display for serology. VirScan, a specific PhIP-Seq library encoding viral peptides from all known human viruses, enables comprehensive quantification of past viral exposures. We review its use in immune-mediated diseases (IMDs), highlighting its utility in identifying viral exposures in the context of IMD development. Finally, we evaluate its potential for precision medicine by integrating it with other large-scale omics data sets.
Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus
ac106
is required for the nuclear egress of nucleocapsids and intranuclear microvesicle formation
Authors: Mo Mei , Chen Jiannan , Yang Yushan , Yu Yinyin , Wu Wenbi , Yang Kai , Yuan Meijin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV)
orf106
(
ac106
) is highly conserved in baculoviruses. Previous studies have shown that
ac106
is required for the production of infectious budded virions (BVs). However, the functional role of
ac106
in virion morphogenesis remains unknown. In this report, an
ac106
knockout virus and an
ac106
repair virus were constructed. The effect of
ac106
deletion on virion morphogenesis was investigated, and the expression and subcellular localization of the Ac106 protein were characterized. Our data indicated that
ac106
is required for the nuclear egress of nucleocapsids and intranuclear microvesicle formation, as well as subsequent BV and occlusion-derived virion (ODV) production and the embedding of ODVs into polyhedra. Ac106 is a baculovirus late protein that is concentrated in discrete foci of virus-induced membrane structures in the intranuclear ring zone of virus-infected cells. Further studies on the relationship between Ac106 and four other proteins that are also required for intranuclear microvesicle formation, Ac75, Ac76, Ac93, and P48 (Ac103), revealed that Ac106 is associated with Ac75, Ac76, Ac93, P48, and itself. Ac106 is required for Ac75, Ac93, and P48 accumulation in foci of virus-induced intranuclear membrane structures and the intranuclear transport of Ac76. Analysis of the subcellular localization of ODV integral envelope proteins upon deletion of the genes required for intranuclear microvesicle formation indicated that intranuclear microvesicle formation may be essential for ODV integral envelope protein transport into the nucleus, supporting the hypothesis that intranuclear microvesicles originate from the nuclear membrane.

IMPORTANCE

Baculovirus occlusion-derived virions (ODVs) are known to acquire their envelopes from virus-induced intranuclear microvesicles within the nucleoplasm, and this strategy of intranuclear envelopment of nucleocapsids to form virions is unique among viruses. However, the mechanism of ODV morphogenesis, particularly intranuclear microvesicle formation, remains unclear. In this study, we identified
ac106
as the fifth gene, in addition to
ac75
,
ac76
,
ac93
, and
p48
(
ac103
), which are required for intranuclear microvesicle formation. Further studies on the relationship between
ac106
and the other four genes, as well as the effect of
ac106
or
ac75
deletion on the localization of ODV integral envelope proteins, indicated that intranuclear microvesicle formation may be essential for the transport of ODV integral envelope proteins into the nucleus, which strongly supports the hypothesis that intranuclear microvesicles originate from the nuclear membrane. These findings greatly enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanism of baculovirus ODV morphogenesis.
Strain-specific differences in reovirus infection of murine macrophages segregate with polymorphisms in viral outer-capsid protein σ3
Authors: Fiske Kay L. , Brigleb Pamela H. , Sanchez Luzmariel Medina , Hinterleitner Reinhard , Taylor Gwen M. , Dermody Terence S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) strains type 1 Lang (T1L) and type 3 Dearing-RV (T3D-RV) infect the intestine in mice but differ in the induction of inflammatory responses. T1L infection is associated with the blockade of oral immunological tolerance to newly introduced dietary antigens, whereas T3D-RV is not. T1L infection leads to an increase in infiltrating phagocytes, including macrophages, in gut-associated lymphoid tissues that are not observed in T3D-RV infection. However, the function of macrophages in reovirus intestinal infection is unknown. Using cells sorted from infected intestinal tissue and primary cultures of bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), we discovered that T1L infects macrophages more efficiently than T3D-RV. Analysis of T1L × T3D-RV reassortant viruses revealed that the viral S4 gene segment, which encodes outer-capsid protein σ3, is responsible for strain-specific differences in infection of BMDMs. Differences in the binding of T1L and T3D-RV to BMDMs also segregated with the σ3-encoding S4 gene. Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB), which serves as a receptor for reovirus, is expressed on macrophages and engages σ3. We found that PirB-specific antibody blocks T1L binding to BMDMs and that T1L binding to PirB
−/−
BMDMs is significantly diminished. Collectively, our data suggest that reovirus T1L infection of macrophages is dependent on engagement of PirB by viral outer-capsid protein σ3. These findings raise the possibility that macrophages function in the innate immune response to reovirus infection that blocks immunological tolerance to new food antigens.

IMPORTANCE
Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) infects humans throughout their lifespan and has been linked to celiac disease (CeD). CeD is caused by a loss of oral immunological tolerance (LOT) to dietary gluten and leads to intestinal inflammation following gluten ingestion, which worsens with prolonged exposure and can cause malnutrition. There are limited treatment options for CeD. While there are genetic risk factors associated with the illness, triggers for disease onset are not completely understood. Enteric viruses, including reovirus, have been linked to CeD induction. We found that a reovirus strain associated with oral immunological tolerance blockade infects macrophages by virtue of its capacity to bind macrophage receptor PirB. These data contribute to an understanding of the innate immune response elicited by reovirus, which may shed light on how viruses trigger LOT and inform the development of CeD vaccines and therapeutic agents.