bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Intensity Resistance and Impact Training Improves Bone Mineral Density and Physical Function in Postmenopausal Women With Osteopenia and Osteoporosis: The LIFTMOR Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Watson Steven L , Weeks Benjamin K , Weis Lisa J , Harding Amy T , Horan Sean A , Beck Belinda R 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Optimal osteogenic mechanical loading requires the application of high-magnitude strains at high rates. High-intensity resistance and impact training (HiRIT) applies such loads but is not traditionally recommended for individuals with osteoporosis because of a perceived high risk of fracture. The purpose of the LIFTMOR trial was to determine the efficacy and to monitor adverse events of HiRIT to reduce parameters of risk for fracture in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Postmenopausal women with low bone mass (T-score &lt; –1.0, screened for conditions and medications that influence bone and physical function) were recruited and randomized to either 8 months of twice-weekly, 30-minute, supervised HiRIT (5 sets of 5 repetitions, &gt;85% 1 repetition maximum) or a home-based, low-intensity exercise program (CON). Pre- and post-intervention testing included lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density (BMD) and measures of functional performance (timed up-and-go, functional reach, 5 times sit-to-stand, back and leg strength). A total of 101 women (aged 65 ± 5 years, 161.8 ± 5.9 cm, 63.1 ± 10.4 kg) participated in the trial. HiRIT (n = 49) effects were superior to CON (n = 52) for lumbar spine (LS) BMD (2.9 ± 2.8% versus –1.2 ± 2.8%, p &lt; 0.001), femoral neck (FN) BMD (0.3 ± 2.6% versus –1.9 ± 2.6%, p = 0.004), FN cortical thickness (13.6 ± 16.6% versus 6.3 ± 16.6%, p = 0.014), height (0.2 ± 0.5 cm versus –0.2 ± 0.5 cm, p = 0.004), and all functional performance measures (p &lt; 0.001). Compliance was high (HiRIT 92 ± 11%; CON 85 ± 24%) in both groups, with only one adverse event reported (HiRIT: minor lower back spasm, 2/70 missed training sessions). Our novel, brief HiRIT program enhances indices of bone strength and functional performance in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Contrary to current opinion, HiRIT was efficacious and induced no adverse events under highly supervised conditions for our sample of otherwise healthy postmenopausal women with low to very low bone mass. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Bone remodeling and mechanobiology around implants: Insights from small animal imaging
Authors: Li Zihui , Müller Ralph , Ruffoni Davide 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAnchorage of orthopedic implants depends on the interfacial bonding between the implant and the host bone as well as on the mass and microstructure of peri‐implant bone, with all these factors being continuously regulated by the biological process of bone (re)modeling. In osteoporotic bone, implant integration may be jeopardized not only by lower peri‐implant bone quality but also by reduced intrinsic regeneration ability. The first aim of this review is to provide a critical overview of the influence of osteoporosis on bone regeneration post‐implantation. Mechanical stimulation can trigger bone formation and inhibit bone resorption; thus, judicious administration of mechanical loading can be used as an effective non‐pharmacological treatment to enhance implant anchorage. Our second aim is to report recent achievements on the application of external mechanical stimulation to improve the quantity of peri‐implant bone. The review focuses on peri‐implant bone changes in osteoporotic conditions and following mechanical loading, prevalently using small animals and in vivo monitoring approaches. We intend to demonstrate the necessity to reveal new biological information on peri‐implant bone mechanobiology to better target implant anchorage and fracture fixation in osteoporotic conditions. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:584–593, 2018.
Mechanobiology of young and aging tendons: In vivo studies with treadmill running
Authors: Thampatty Bhavani P. , Wang James H‐C. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTTendons are unique in the sense that they are constantly subjected to large mechanical loads and that they contain tendon‐specific cells, including tenocytes and tendon stem/progenitor cells. The responses of these cells to mechanical loads can be anabolic or catabolic and as a result, change the biological properties of the tendon itself that may be beneficial or detrimental. On the other hand, aging also induces aberrant changes in cellular expression of various genes and production of various types of matrix proteins in the tendon, and consequently lead to tendon degeneration and impaired healing in aging tendons; both could be improved by moderate physiological mechanical loading such as treadmill running. This article gives an overview on the mechanobiology research of young and aging animal tendons using treadmill running model. The challenges in such treadmill running studies are also discussed. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:557–565, 2018.
In vivo correlates between daily physical activity and intervertebral disc health
Authors: Bowden Jennifer A. , Bowden Anton E. , Wang Haonan , Hager Ron L. , LeCheminant James D. , Mitchell Ulrike H. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTPhysical activity impacts health and disease in multiple body tissues including the intervertebral discs. Fluid flow within the disc is an indicator of disc health that can be observed using diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging. We monitored activity levels of 26 participants, age 35–55 yrs, using Actigraph accelerometers for 4 days to evaluate vigorous‐intensity activity, moderate to vigorous intensity activity, and sedentary time. Participants underwent structural and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate intervertebral disc health and fluid flow. They also underwent bone density scans, carotid artery ultrasounds, a treadmill test, and a physical exam for pain, range of motion, and instability. These measures were used to correlate MRI indicators of intervertebral disc health with participant activity levels. Participants with any vigorous‐intensity physical activity compared with no vigorous‐intensity activity had significantly greater L5/S1 apparent diffusion coefficient values (p = 0.002), corresponding to higher freedom of diffusive movement for cellular nutrients and metabolic waste. Sagittal T2 values in the L5/S1 were also higher (p = 0.004), corresponding to a higher water content in the discs. Higher apparent diffusion coefficients were also found in participants with more than 30 min compared with less than 30 min of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (p = 0.03), and in participants with less than 67% awake time as sedentary time compared with more than 67% sedentary time (p = 0.03). Increased dynamic loading through physical activity and decreased static loading from sedentary time benefit intervertebral disc health. Physical activity, particularly vigorous activity, is beneficial in helping maintain intervertebral disc health. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1313–1323, 2018.
Analysis of six active components in Radix tinosporae by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Yikun , Zhou Wei , Mao Zhenkun , Liao Xiaoyan , Chen Zilin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry has advantages for the analysis of active components in herbs. Here, a rapid nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry method was developed to separate, identify, and quantify palmatin, columbin, cepharanthine, menisperine, magnoflorine, and 20‐hydroxyecdysone in Radix tinosporae. Electrospray ionization MS1‐3 spectra of the six components were collected and possible cleavage pathways of main fragment ions were elucidated. The conditions that could affect separation, such as the composition of running buffer and applied voltage, were studied, and the conditions that could affect the mass spectrometry detection, such as the composition and flow rate of sheath liquid, the pressure of nitrogen gas, and the temperature and flow rate of the dry gas, were also optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the correlation coefficient was >0.99. The relative standard deviations of migration time and peak areas were <10%. The recoveries were calculated to be 99.31–107.80% in real samples. It has been demonstrated that the proposed method has good potential to be applied to determine the six bioactive components in Radix tinosporae.
Inefficiency of evolutionarily relevant selection in ungulate trophy hunting
Authors: Heffelfinger James R. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTDifferentially harvesting individual animals with specific traits has led some to argue that such selection can cause evolutionary change that may be detrimental to the species, especially if those traits are related positively to individual fitness. Most hunters are not selective in the type of animal they take, satisfied instead to harvest any legal animal. In a few exceptions, however, regulations may limit hunters to harvest animals of a minimum size or age regardless of their personal choice. Using information from a broad range of aquatic and terrestrial systems exposed to a myriad of potential and operational selective pressures, several authors have made expansive generalizations about selective harvest and its applicability to ungulates. Harvest‐based selection can potentially be intensive enough to be relevant in an evolutionary sense, but phenotypic changes consistent with hunter selection are otherwise confounded with multiple environmental influences. Factors such as age, genetic contribution of females, nutrition, maternal effects, epigenetics, patterns of mating success, gene linkage, gene flow, refugia, date of birth, and other factors affecting selection interact with harvest to impede unidirectional evolution of a trait. The intensity of selection determines potential for evolutionary change in a meaningful temporal framework. Indeed, only under severe intensity, and strict selection on a trait, could human harvest prompt evolutionary changes in that trait. Broad generalizations across populations or ecological systems can yield erroneous extrapolations and inappropriate assumptions. Removal of males expressing a variety of horn or antler sizes, including some very large males, does not inevitably represent directional artificial selection unless the selective pressures are intensive enough to cause a unidirectional shift in allele frequencies that may act on some relevant life‐history trait or process. Here I review the topic of harvest‐based selection in male ungulates and discuss the inefficiency of trophy hunting in changing genetic expression of phenotype. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Barred owl habitat selection in west coast forests
Authors: Irwin Larry L. , Rock Dennis F. , Rock Suzanne C. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe invasion of the Pacific Northwest, USA by northern barred owls (Strix varia) is a conservation conundrum because it contributes to lingering declines in populations of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina). We evaluated factors influencing nocturnal (i.e., foraging) habitat selection by northern barred owls using a repeated‐studies design and information‐theoretic methods across 3 Pacific Northwest study areas, each containing a broad range of forest and environmental conditions. We constructed discrete‐choice resource selection functions (RSF) based upon telemetry points linked to forest inventory plots and map‐based physical environmental metrics within home ranges of radio‐tagged barred owls at Chehalis, Washington (n = 16), Springfield, Oregon (n = 22), and Arcata, California (n = 15). A general RSF based upon pooling data across study areas suggested barred owls selectively hunted for prey in lower‐slope positions on southerly aspects often near streams at low elevations, and often within red alder (Alnus rubra) dominated stands or in moderately dense patches of medium‐ and large‐diameter coniferous trees close to patches containing nests. The relative probability of use decreased with increasing densities of small‐diameter trees, suggesting barred owls avoided clearcuts and young plantations. These general patterns were modified by study‐area variation in tree species composition and density. Study‐area‐specific factors that were associated positively with barred owl habitat selection included increasing basal area of western redcedar (Thuja plicata) and red alder at Chehalis and increasing densities of western redcedar and basal area of bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) at Springfield. At Arcata, high densities of Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees and increasing basal area of tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) were negatively associated with barred owl habitat selection. Seasonal patterns of habitat selection did not differ dramatically although model coefficients suggested selection for specific tree species was weaker in the non‐breeding season and barred owls did not seek topographic situations that provided thermo‐regulatory benefits. The information may help inform conservation strategies for reducing competition between barred owls and northern spotted owls or perhaps in predicting colonization of new areas by barred owls. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Nanoengineered Thermoresponsive Magnetic Nanoparticles for Drug Controlled Release
Authors: Imanifard Saeedeh , Zarrabi Ali , Zarepour Atefeh , Jafari Milad , Khosravi Arezoo , Razmjou Amir 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMagnetic core–shell nanoparticles are one of the most interesting nanocarriers. Smart polymers can be attached to nanoparticles as a suitable shell. Cancer tissues, with higher temperature than normal one, are one of the best targets for these systems in which the polymeric shell shrinks and thus drugs are released. The aim of this research is to synthesize such a smart nanocarrier with a thermoresponsive shell. Magnetic nanoparticles are coated with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide). Afterward, the as prepared nanoparticles are analyzed through different characterization methods (scanning electron microscope, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, carbon–hydrogen–nitrogen–sulfur elemental analysis, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy) and their response to the temperature is investigated in different temperatures (37 and 40 °C). Results demonstrate that a biocompatible nanocarrier with the average size of about 35 nm and 83% entrapment efficiency for curcumin is successfully synthesized. The drug release process shows a controlled behavior over temperature. It has an increasing trend by increasing the temperature from 4 to 37 °C and then to 40 °C. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of drug loaded nanocarrier is obviously increased at 40 °C compared to 37 °C. It can be concluded that this new smart nanotheranostics agent can be successfully applied for cancer treatment.
An 8‐channel transceiver 7‐channel receive RF coil setup for high SNR ultrahigh‐field MRI of the shoulder at 7T
Authors: Rietsch Stefan H. G. , Pfaffenrot Viktor , Bitz Andreas K. , Orzada Stephan , Brunheim Sascha , Lazik‐Palm Andrea , Theysohn Jens M. , Ladd Mark E. , Quick Harald H. , Kraff Oliver 
Published: October 2017

PurposeIn this work, we present an 8‐channel transceiver (Tx/Rx) 7‐channel receive (Rx) radiofrequency (RF) coil setup for 7 T ultrahigh‐field MR imaging of the shoulder.MethodsA C‐shaped 8‐channel Tx/Rx coil was combined with an anatomically close‐fitting 7‐channel Rx‐only coil. The safety and performance parameters of this coil setup were evaluated on the bench and in phantom experiments. The 7 T MR imaging performance of the shoulder RF coil setup was evaluated in in vivo measurements using a 3D DESS, a 2D PD‐weighted TSE sequence, and safety supervision based on virtual observation points.ResultsDistinct SNR gain and acceleration capabilities provided by the additional 7‐channel Rx‐only coil were demonstrated in phantom and in vivo measurements. The power efficiency indicated good performance of each channel and a maximum B1+ of 19 μT if the hardware RF power limits of the MR system were exploited. MR imaging of the shoulder was demonstrated with clinically excellent image quality and submillimeter spatial resolution.ConclusionsThe presented 8‐channel transceiver 7‐channel receive RF coil setup was successfully applied for in vivo 7 T MRI of the shoulder providing a clear SNR gain vs the transceiver array without the additional receive array. Homogeneous images across the shoulder region were obtained using 8‐channel subject‐specific phase‐only RF shimming.
Portal MV imaging with thin‐film high‐energy current X‐ray detectors: A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Liu Bo , Zygmanski Piotr , Sajo Erno 
Published: October 2017

PurposeWe investigate the potential of the recently introduced high‐energy current (HEC) thin‐film detector as an alternative design to existing electronic portal imaging devices (EPID). The HEC radiation detectors employ multiple nano‐/micrometer layers made of disparate atomic number (Z) conductors separated by solid or gaseous (e.g., air) dielectrics. The HEC detector may be designed as an external structure or an auxiliary device integrated into the existing EPID.MethodUsing Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations, we compare the image contrast of a HEC detector to that of a commercial EPID device (AS500) for a 2.5 MV X‐ray beam. The detector response was modeled using a series of monoenergetic incident photons with detector signal scored as the energy deposition in the air gaps (HEC) and in the phosphor layer (EPID). Las Vegas (LV) phantom was employed to test the spatial resolution and contrast of the single‐ and multielement HEC detector. The HEC detector pixel size was the same as for AS500 (0.78 mm × 0.78 mm). In addition, image contrast of a water/bone phantom using both the multielement HEC and EPID detectors was simulated and compared.ResultsThe HEC detector has higher relative response to low‐energy photons compared to EPID. The multielement HEC has 32.3 times greater response at 100 keV than at 500 keV, while the EPID without copper plate shows a factor of 6.8 between the same energies. LV phantom images indicate that the image contrast is approximately the same for single‐ and multielement HEC detectors, but the latter has lower noise. Both single‐ and multielement HEC could resolve a 2 mm diameter hole with an image magnification factor of 1.2. In the present design, the HEC detector has much less material (9.66 mg/cm2 gold) compared to EPID (133 mg/cm2 Gd2O2S) to interact with incident photons. For imaging bony structures, the HEC detector needs about nine times greater photon flux as the EPID to acquire data at same uncertainty level. Despite this, the HEC sensor requires less than 1 cGy dose to obtain images with statistical uncertainty better than 2.5%. In the case when the field diameter is 10 cm, the multielement HEC image contrast is 14.3% higher than that of EPID with copper removed. When the field diameter is decreased to 5 cm, HEC contrast is 27.1% better than the EPID contrast.ConclusionIt is demonstrated that the image contrast of HEC detectors are comparable and in some cases better than that of the standard EPID design. This opens a potential for complementary HEC and EPID designs that may better utilize the kV portion of the spectrum.
Renal Transplant Acute Rejection with Lower Mycophenolate Mofetil Dosing and Proton Pump Inhibitors or Histamine‐2 Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Patel Kajal S. , Stephany Brian R. , Barnes Julie F. , Bauer Seth R. , Spinner Michael L. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundPharmacokinetic data show reduced mycophenolic acid levels in renal transplant recipients taking mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) concomitantly. This reduced exposure could increase rejection risk. The typical initial MMF dose post renal transplantation is 2 g/day, which often requires dose reduction secondary to side effects. Existing studies have not shown significant acute rejection differences for patients taking MMF‐PPI versus patients taking MMF‐ranitidine.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes in renal transplant recipients receiving a lower MMF dose than previously studied (1.5 g/day) and either a PPI or histamine‐2 receptor antagonist (H2RA).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included adult subjects receiving a renal transplant between January 1, 2009, and June 30, 2013. Comparison groups were defined based on acid‐suppressing therapy class prescribed at discharge from transplantation. The primary outcome was acute rejection incidence within 1 year posttransplantation.ResultsOf 728 renal transplant recipients screened, 522 were included: 183 taking a PPI and 339 taking an H2RA. There was no significant difference in acute rejection within 1 year (H2RA 19% versus PPI 14%, p=0.12) or 3 months (4% vs 5%, p=0.44, respectively) posttransplantation. Maintenance immunosuppression (MMF dose and tacrolimus troughs) was similar between groups at 3 months and 1 year. Graft and patient survivals were favorable (> 95%), and graft function at 1 year was stable and similar between groups.ConclusionDespite taking lower MMF doses than previously studied, subjects on a PPI compared to an H2RA were not at increased risk of acute rejection within 1 year posttransplantation.
Data‐Independent Acquisition‐Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Potential Biomarkers of Kidney Cancer
Authors: Song Yimeng , Zhong Lijun , Zhou Juntuo , Lu Min , Xing Tianying , Ma Lulin , Shen Jing 
Published: October 2017

PurposeRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant and metastatic cancer with 95% mortality, and clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is the most observed among the five major subtypes of RCC. Specific biomarkers that can distinguish cancer tissues from adjacent normal tissues should be developed to diagnose this disease in early stages and conduct a reliable prognostic evaluation.Experimental designData‐independent acquisition (DIA) strategy has been widely employed in proteomic analysis because of various advantages, including enhanced protein coverage and reliable data acquisition. In this study, a DIA workflow is constructed on a quadrupole‐Orbitrap LC‐MS platform to reveal dysregulated proteins between ccRCC and adjacent normal tissues.ResultsMore than 4000 proteins are identified, 436 of these proteins are dysregulated in ccRCC tissues. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that multiple pathways and Gene Ontology items are strongly associated with ccRCC. The expression levels of L‐lactate dehydrogenase A chain, annexin A4, nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase, and perilipin‐2 examined through RT‐qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry confirm the validity of the proteomic analysis results.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe proposed DIA workflow yields optimum time efficiency and data reliability and provides a good choice for proteomic analysis in biological and clinical studies, and these dysregulated proteins might be potential biomarkers for ccRCC diagnosis.
A New Insight to the Color Change Phenomenon of TATB: Structural Color
Authors: Tian Xianqing , Wang Xinfeng , Yu Kun , Sun Jie , Xiao Dan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe color change phenomenon of 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) has puzzled the energetic researchers for decades. Many efforts have been dedicated to identifying the “colored TATB”, however, hardly any of well‐established evidences have been ascertained. After detailed reviewing the literatures, we herein propose a new insight to survey the coloration of TATB. And a 3D photonic crystal model has been proposed to elucidate the color change phenomenon of TATB. Coloration behavior of the TATB is confirmed by home‐made TATB thin film. It is proved that the coloration of TATB is a physical appearance, structural color.