bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with reporting of sexual assault among college and non-college women
Authors: Spohn Ryan , Bjornsen Abby , Wright Emily M. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine factors impacting college and non-college women reporting sexual assault to police. The goal is to increase knowledge regarding differences in the rates of reporting and reasons for reporting across these two groups.Design/methodology/approachParticipants were drawn from a national telephone survey of US women and a sample of US college women. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine factors influencing the reporting of sexual assault to police.FindingsNon-college women were more likely than college women to report to police. Women who perceived their victimization as rape were much more likely to report to the police and women who had contact with a helping agency were also much more likely to report their assault. Contacting a helping agency is more relevant to non-college women’s reporting to police, while considering the assault a rape is more important for college women.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that significant work is needed to encourage women in college to view sexual assaults as worthy of reporting. Boosting victim awareness and access to services is paramount. Providing education and empowerment to student victims to inform their perceptions about the definition of rape is vital, as women perceiving sexual assault as rape are more likely to report the incident.Originality/valueThe research significantly adds to the literature indicating differences in rates of reporting and the factors that impact reporting uniquely for college vs non-college women.
Leukocyte profiles are associated with longevity and survival, but not migratory effort: A comparative analysis of shorebirds
Authors: Minias Piotr , Włodarczyk Radosław , Meissner Włodzimierz 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Assessment of leukocyte profiles has become an increasingly popular tool in the fields of ecology and ecophysiology. The ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (H/L ratio) is of special utility, as it reflects physiological adaptation of an organism to cope either with an infection through injury (via heterophils) or a communicable disease (via lymphocytes). Thus, elevated H/L ratios may constitute an adaptation to risky environments (i.e. associated with high risk of injury). While intra‐population variation in avian H/L ratio has been extensively studied, we are aware of no studies that linked this trait to life‐history components at the interspecific level.

We measured H/L ratio in over 400 shorebirds from 19 species during their autumn migration through Central Europe. Phylogenetically informed comparative methods were used to test whether H/L ratio was related to: (1) annual survival and life span; (2) migratory effort, as measured with total migration distance and migratory energy reserves and (3) confounding variables such as body size or breeding latitude.

A relatively strong phylogenetic signal and spatial phylogenetic autocorrelation indicated that most diversification in shorebird H/L ratios occurred relatively early in radiation of this group.

Comparative analysis gave strong support for the negative associations of H/L ratio with residual life span and annual survival. In contrast, we found no support for the effect of migratory behaviour on H/L ratios, suggesting that leukocyte profiles in shorebirds may not constitute an important physiological adaptation for long‐distance migration.

Our study provided the first comparative evidence for a link between H/L ratios and important life‐history traits in birds. Strong negative associations with annual survival and residual life span indicate that leukocyte profiles may form an adaptive basis for life‐history strategies in birds.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
The costs of parasite infection: Effects of removing lungworms on performance, growth and survival of free‐ranging cane toads
Authors: Finnerty Patrick B. , Shine Richard , Brown Gregory P. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Most research on the effects of parasites on their hosts has focused on the parasites of mammals or birds (especially, domesticated taxa) rather than systems in which the hosts are ectothermic wildlife species.

We used experimental methods (antihelminthic drugs) to quantify the effects of lungworms (Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala) on their anuran hosts, the invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina).

In captivity, eradicating lungworms enhanced toad activity (measures of boldness and level of spontaneous activity), performance (locomotor speed, climbing ability) and foraging success (feeding rate).

In free‐ranging toads (n = 123) at a site in tropical Australia, eradicating lungworm infection increased rates of host survival by 8%, movement by 20%, growth by 28% and elaboration of male secondary sexual characteristics by 30%. The presence of the lungworm thus has a substantial negative effect on fitness‐related traits of the host.

Given their long shared evolutionary history and the mild inflammatory and immune response elicited by the parasite in the host, the magnitude of the effects of parasite removal were surprising. Parasites may impose hidden costs, related to modification of host behaviour or metabolism. Experimental removal of parasites can be a useful means of quantifying costs of infection.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Balanced‐budget rules and aggregate instability: The role of consumption taxes in a monetary economy
Authors: Xue Jianpo , Yip Chong K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn a real macroeconomic model, it is well established that a balanced‐budget rule based on consumption tax can rule out indeterminacy. The present paper shows, both analytically and numerically, that such a balanced‐budget rule induces indeterminacy and, hence, aggregate instability in a standard one‐sector cash‐in‐advance economy. From a policy perspective, our results raise possible concerns that balanced‐budget rules with endogenous consumption tax could have destabilizing effects under the current over‐easy monetary environment.
Unwilling Subjects of Financialization
Authors: Fields Desiree 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article seeks to advance debates about the financialization of housing by focusing on the emergence of rental housing as a frontier for financialization, a dynamic that is increasingly relevant since the global financial crisis. Situated in New York City, the research focuses on an aggressive wave of investment in affordable rent‐stabilized properties by private equity firms, their efforts to release value from these properties, and the implications of the 2008 financial crisis for their investment strategies and thus for tenants’ experience of home. Through detailed empirical analysis tracing the connections between how rental housing has been constituted as a new site for private equity investment globally, the local conditions facilitating this process in New York and how it reshaped everyday life for tenants, the article theorizes tenants as unwilling subjects of financialization. Yet unwillingness does not necessarily translate into being overtaken; it also connotes reluctance and indeed struggle. This novel conceptualization highlights the ways in which financialization meets with dissent, and its necessarily contingent and incomplete nature. The article therefore develops the wider intellectual project of understanding financialization not as a monolithic and inevitable process, but as one characterized by resistance from without and contradiction from within.
The Financialization of A Social Housing Provider
Authors: Aalbers Manuel B. , Loon Jannes Van , Fernandez Rodrigo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWhy does a social housing provider bet on interest rate fluctuations? This article presents a case study of the financialization of both housing and the state. Social housing in the Netherlands is provided by non‐profit housing associations that have since 1989 been set apart from the state. Many associations started developing housing for profit, borrowing on global capital markets or buying derivatives. Whereas other semi‐public institutions moved into the world of finance due to financial constraints, housing associations did so to capitalize on the possibilities offered by their asset‐rich portfolios. Vestia, the largest of them all, is an extreme––but not exceptional––case of what can happen when public goals are left to be realized by inadequately supervised and poorly managed private organizations. As a result of gambling on derivatives, Vestia had to be bailed out to the tune of over 2 billion euros. To recoup the losses, housing was sold off and rents were raised. Almost half of Dutch housing associations used derivatives, although most refrained from using them purely speculatively. The changes in the housing sector that led to its financialization cannot be separated from the wider financialization of the state.
Privatization, Financialization and State Restructuring in Eastern Germany: The case of Am südpark
Authors: Bernt Matthias , Colini Laura , Förste Daniel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUsing a mix of survey data, results from a study on local planning politics and fieldwork, this article discusses the interplay of planning and welfare policies with global financial markets in the ‘making’ of social segregation in Halle‐Neustadt, a borough in the German city of Halle (Saale). Here, different developments come together. First, Halle‐Neustadt has experienced two waves of privatization, leading to a complete change of ownership structures, marked by the rise of financial investors. Second, welfare cuts have put increasing pressure on welfare recipients to live in the cheapest housing available. This has led to the emergence of a ‘Hartz IV business model’ based on low, but state‐subsidized, rents. Third, new planning policies have led to a massive drop in house prices, thus facilitating the use of ‘leverage’ strategies for financial investors. We expand on an already developed debate, providing new insights about relations between planning, state restructuring and financialization in a German context. We demonstrate that a broad array of changes in national regulatory settings, policy change in different sectors and local particularities can all be crucial in enabling financialization. We conclude that research should place greater emphasis on the state in providing explanations and take differences in context more seriously.
Assessment of cerebral perfusion with contrast‐enhanced ultrasound during constriction of the neck mimicking malposition of the BD Odon Device™: a study in newborn piglets
Authors: de Lange C , D Saugstad O , Solberg R 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveThe BD Odon Device™ is a new instrument for operative vaginal birth with potential for preventing maternal, fetal and newborn morbidity/mortality during a complicated second stage of labour. The device is a plastic sleeve with an air chamber inflated around the baby's head which is gently pulled through the birth canal. The aim was to monitor changes in cerebral circulation during constriction of the neck to evaluate a risk of potential malposition of the device.DesignRandomised prospective study.Population or sampleTwelve newborn piglets.MethodsThe anaesthetised piglets were exposed to hypoxia until base excess was –20 mmol/l and/or mean arterial blood pressure had decreased to 20 mmHg. At reoxygenation, an air chamber was inflated around the neck to 300 mmHg and the piglets randomised into three groups: 10 (n = 5), 5 (n = 5) or 2 (n = 2) minutes’ occlusion. Cerebral perfusion was evaluated with transcranial contrast‐enhanced ultrasound at four time‐points, and analysed in the carotid arteries, basal ganglia, cortex and whole brain. Statistical analysis used ANOVA, linear mixed model, Kruskal–Wallis H‐test.Main outcome measuresPerfusion parameters; peak intensity, time to peak intensity, upslope, mean transit time, area under the curve.ResultsThe haemodynamic response was comparable between groups. Perfusion parameters showed a slight increase at end hypoxia followed by a decrease during occlusion, especially in the cortex (P = 0.00–0.2). After deflation, perfusion returned towards baseline values.ConclusionsSimulation of malposition of the Odon Device was performed using a newborn hypoxic piglet model. Considerable compression of the neck vessels was applied, with only a moderate decrease in perfusion and with restoration of haemodynamics/cerebral perfusion after decompression.Tweetable abstractMalposition of Odon Device™ in a piglet model revealed a reversible decrease in cerebral perfusion during neck constriction.
Design and development of the BD Odon DeviceTM: a human factors evaluation process
Authors: O'Brien SM , Mouser A , Odon JE , Winter C , Draycott TJ , Sumitro T , Alisantoso D , Lim WL , Merialdi M , Stankovic AK , Crofts JF 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo (1) determine how intended users interact with and use the BD Odon Device in simulation, (2) use these findings to alter progressively the design of the BD Odon Device and (3) validate that these changes have improved the ability of practitioners to use the BD Odon Device.DesignHuman factors evaluation study.SettingSimulation suite designed to mimic delivery room.Population or sampleThree hundred and ninety simulated operative births, performed by 100 practising clinicians.MethodsSimulated operative vaginal births performed using the BD Odon Device and the device Instructions for use were subjected to three formative human factors evaluations and one human factors validation test. Following each evaluation, findings were reviewed and the design of the BD Odon Device and Instructions for use were modified.Main outcome measuresSuccessful performance of an operative vaginal birth using the BD Odon Device in accordance with provided training and Instructions for use.ResultsUsing version two of the BD Odon Device, and following exposure to face‐to‐face training and written instructions, 25% of accouchers were able successfully to perform a simulated operative vaginal birth. In the final evaluation, following device design and training material alterations, all accouchers were able successfully to perform a simulated operative vaginal birth using version four of the BD Odon Device.ConclusionsHuman factors evaluations have enabled a multi‐professional device and training materials design team to alter the design of the BD Odon Device and the Instructions for use in an evidence‐based fashion. This process has resulted in a device which has a predictable and likely safe pattern of use.Tweetable abstractHuman Factors evaluations help make the BD Odon Device safe and usable for clinical practice.
Social Security Disability Insurance Enrollment and Health Care Employment
Authors: Pellegrini Lawrence C. , Geissler Kimberley H. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) enrollment and health care employment.Data SourcesState‐year level data from government and other publicly available sources for all states (2000–2014).Study DesignPopulation‐weighted linear regression analyses model associations between each health care employment measure and each SSDI enrollment measure (i.e., SSDI overall, physical, or mental health enrollment rates), controlling for factors associated with health care employment, state fixed effects, and secular time trends.Data CollectionData are gathered from publicly available sources.Principal FindingsA one standard deviation increase in SSDI enrollment per 100,000 population is associated with a statistically significant 2.6 and 4.5 percent increase in the mean employment rate per 100,000 population for health care practitioner and technical occupations and health care support occupations, respectively. The size of this relationship varies by the type of disabling condition for SSDI enrollment (physical versus mental health).ConclusionsSocial Security Disability Insurance enrollment is significantly associated with health care employment at the state level. Quantifying the magnitude of this relationship is important given high SSDI enrollment rates as well as evolving policy and demographic shifts related to the SSDI program.
Understanding the Potential for Patient Engagement in Electronic Consultation and Referral Systems: Lessons From One Safety Net System
Authors: Olayiwola Jacqueline Nwando , Knox Margae , Dubé Kate , Lu Emily Chen‐Yuan , Woldeyesus Tem , James Iguehi E. , Willard‐Grace Rachel , Tuot Delphine 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo understand patient, primary care clinician (PCC), and subspecialist perspectives on potential, unexplored roles for patients in electronic consultation and referral (eCR) systems.Data SourcesPrimary focus group and survey data collected April–November 2015. Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG) is part of an integrated public health delivery system. Its mature eCR system was first implemented in 2005.Study DesignThis mixed‐methods study synthesizes patient, subspecialist, and PCC perspectives through two patient focus groups in English, Spanish, and Cantonese (n = 6); subspecialist focus groups (n = 2); and an electronic survey of all PCCs (n = 222/634, 35 percent response).Data Collection/Extraction MethodsFocus groups were audio‐recorded and transcribed. Two researchers coded the transcripts to identify recurrent themes. Survey data were analyzed using summary and bivariate statistics.Principal FindingsPatients expressed minimal desire to directly engage in eCR, instead of emphasizing their PCC's role in advocating, informing, and finding health solutions. Subspecialists requested more consistent communication to patients about the electronic consultation process. Most PCCs (52 percent) supported patient engagement in the eCR process, particularly patient ability to track consult status and securely message with subspecialists.ConclusionsResults suggest a continuum of opportunities for patients and their caregivers to engage in eCR systems.
Patient perspectives on priorities for emergency medicine research: The PERSPEX study
Authors: McLay Stuart VB , McCutcheon David , Arendts Glenn , Macdonald Stephen PJ , Fatovich Daniel M 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the priorities for emergency medicine research of patients currently in an ED and to compare their priorities with those of ACEM researchers.MethodsA survey of current patients in the EDs of Royal Perth Hospital and Armadale Health Service. Patients gave their reason for presentation, suggested three important research priorities for emergency medicine and ranked their top 5 choices from a pre‐specified list published by the ACEM researchers. Results were analysed using qualitative and quantitative research methods.ResultsA total of 430 patients completed the survey, of which 218 were men (50.7%), with median age 44 years (interquartile range [IQR] 30–61 years, range 18–92 years). The top 5 priorities suggested by patients were cardiology, trauma, ED processes, mental health and haematology/oncology. The top 5 patient rankings of the ACEM researcher list were resuscitation, trauma, cardiology, infectious diseases and paediatrics. Older age groups tended to rank cardiology high, while trauma and resuscitation were ranked high among all age groups. There was moderate agreement between patients and ACEM researchers (ρ = 0.51, P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe top 5 emergency medicine research priorities nominated by patients in ED were cardiology, trauma, ED processes, mental health and haematology/oncology, although many ‘system priorities’ were identified as well. These priorities were generally consistent with ACEM researchers, but patients also suggested alternative directions for future research.
Grafting to manage infections of top stunting and necrogenic strains of cucumber mosaic virus in tomato
Authors: Spanò R. , Gallitelli D. , Mascia T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCucumber mosaic virus (CMV) lists among the most important etiological agents of tomato diseases. Some isolates of CMV function as helper virus for replication, encapsidation and transmission of satellite RNAs (satRNA), which may exacerbate symptoms induced by CMV in certain hosts. Outbreaks of CMV strains supporting hypervirulent variants of satRNAs are recurrent in tomato with devastating effects on crop production and efficient control measures are still unavailable. In this study, we examined the dynamics of infection of the CMV strains tomato top stunting (TTS) and 77 supporting replication of satRNA variants that codetermine top stunting (TTS‐satRNA) and necrotic (77‐satRNA) phenotypes in two tomato cultivars denoted Solanum lycopersicum Manduria (Sl‐Ma) and S. lycopersicum UC82 (Sl‐UC). Sl‐Ma but not Sl‐UC recovered from disease symptoms induced by CMV‐TTS while both the cultivars succumbed to the infection of CMV‐77 and its necrogenic satRNA. Ability to recover of the Sl‐Ma plants was transmitted by grafting to the susceptible genotype Sl‐UC. More interestingly, recovery was observed also against the challenge inoculation of CMV plus 77‐satRNA in plants grafted on Sl‐Ma and in self‐grafted plants of both the Sl‐Ma and Sl‐UC cultivars. Analysis of small RNAs and genes of the defence plant response based on RNA interference (RNAi) suggested that RNAi is involved in the recovery of Sl‐Ma against CMV with hypervirulent satRNAs and in scions grafted on this rootstock. The response of Sl‐Ma to the inoculation of CMV‐77 plus 77‐satRNA was compared with that of the transgenic tomato line S. lycopersicum transgenic line UCTC5.9.2 that expresses constitutively the benign variant of the satRNA denoted Tfn‐satRNA. Comparative analysis suggested that the response may operate via similar mechanisms, which involve RNAi, the graft and the presence of the satRNA.
Arthroscopic, open and mini‐open approach for rotator cuff repair: no difference in pain or function at 24 months
Authors: Bond Elizabeth C. , Hunt Lynette , Brick Matthew J. , Leigh Warren B. , Maher Anthony , Young Simon W. , Caughey Michael A. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundThe New Zealand Rotator Cuff Registry was established in 2009 to collect prospective functional, pain and outcome data on patients undergoing rotator cuff repair (RCR).MethodsInformation collected included an operation day technical questionnaire completed by the surgeon and Flex Shoulder Function (SF) functional and pain scores preoperatively, immediately post‐operatively and at 6, 12 and 24 months. A multivariate analysis was performed analysing the three surgical approaches to determine if there was a difference in pain or functional outcome scores.ResultsA total of 2418 RCRs were included in this paper. There were 418 (17.3%) arthroscopic, 956 (39.5%) mini‐open and 1044 (43.2%) open procedures. Twenty‐four‐month follow‐up data were obtained for pain and Flex SF in 71% of patients. At 24 months, there was no difference in the average Flex SF score for the arthroscopic, mini‐open and open groups. There was no difference in improvement in Flex SF score at 24 months. At 24 months, there was no difference in mean pain scores. There was no difference in improvement in pain score from preoperation to 24 months. Most patients returned to work within 3 months of surgery, with no difference between the three surgical approaches.ConclusionRCR has good to excellent outcomes in terms of improvement in pain and function at 2‐year follow‐up. We found no difference in pain or functional outcome at 24 months between arthroscopic, open and mini‐open approaches for RCR.