bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative writing with wikis: an empirical investigation
Authors: Du Helen S. , Chu Sam K.W. , Chan Randolph C.H. , He Wei 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the process and interaction among group members using wikis to produce collaborative writing (CW) projects, and to compare their collaborative behavior among students at different levels of education.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study investigated the participation and collaboration of Hong Kong primary school, secondary school, and university students in the process of developing their wiki-based CW projects. Both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained from analyzing the revision histories and the content of wiki pages.

Findings
– Results indicated that the level of education significantly affected student CW actions, and their interaction and coordination behavior to co-construct the work. Also, the frequency of collaborative activities varied noticeably among the primary, secondary, and university students.

Practical implications
– The study enriches our understanding of the complex and dynamic process of CW using wikis. It has practical implications on why and how the pedagogy and technology should be implemented differentially for the students at three different levels of education to facilitate collaborative knowledge construction.

Originality/value
– Research to date is still lacking an in-depth knowledge about the processes and activities involved when students write collaboratively on wikis. Also, no study has yet compared the collaborative behavior among students at different levels of education. The results of this study contribute to the development of new and appropriate modes of group-based collaborative learning at all levels of the education system for the twenty-first century.
What makes people react to the posts on the brand pages of mobile social network games?
Authors: Jeon Hyesun , Ahn Hyung Jun , Yu Gun Jea 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– Mobile social network games (mSNGs) are gaining increasing popularity recently. Many of the games are marketed using the brand pages on social network services including Facebook. The purpose of this paper is to identify the characteristics of the posts on the brand pages that affect the reaction of users.

Design/methodology/approach
– Four independent variables were tested for their influence on user reaction: informativeness, structure, call for action, and the type of reward. In total, 439 posts on the brand pages of two mobile game companies on Facebook were manually collected. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis.

Findings
– The characteristics of the brand pages appeared to have significant impact on the users’ reaction. Overall, being informative, calling for action, and providing content-related (game-related) rewards have significant and positive impact on the reaction of users. Using only texts or embedding videos or hyperlinks in the posts has either negative or no significant impact on the reaction of users.

Originality/value
– The literature review shows that not many empirical studies have been conducted so far about the brand pages of mSNGs. Therefore, this study contributes to the understanding of users’ reaction on the brand pages for mSNGs, and how companies should manage their communication effort on the pages.
Ageing and changing patterns in familial structure for older persons in India: a decomposition analysis
Authors: Dhillon Preeti , Ladusingh Laishram , Agrawal Gopal 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– At the turn of twenty-first century, India is facing rapid population ageing coupled with consequential socio-economic development changes. Against the backdrop of such changes, its traditional familial support system of living arrangements for older persons is swiftly changing, undergoing rapid transition towards nuclear family systems. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– This paper examined: first, the changing trends and patterns in joint family systems defined in terms of households with older persons and total households; and second, socio-economic and demographic determinants of changes in the proportion of nuclear households with older adults. The decomposition analysis segregated the contribution of determinants of the change in nuclear households with older persons in three different components: propensity, composition, and interaction. The study used data from three successive rounds of the National Family Health Survey.Findings– Results indicate that a lower proportion of households with older persons were nuclear compared to total households. However, for both types of households, nuclear households increased by nine percentage points during 1992-2006. Households with older persons that were headed by old aged persons, illiterates or females, situated in urban area, not owned agriculture land, lower affluent level, and from Southern India were at most risk of being nuclear than their counterparts.Originality/value– This study provided ample evidence of the increase in nuclear familial structure for older persons in the course of population ageing. Population ageing, urbanization and increase in education, primarily contributed to the increase in nuclear family households of older persons.
Intraguild predation and competitive displacement between Nesidiocoris tenuis and Dicyphus maroccanus, two biological control agents in tomato pests
Authors: Salas Gervassio Nadia G. , Pérez‐Hedo Meritxell , Luna María G. , Urbaneja Alberto 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDicyphus maroccanus Wagner and Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) are 2 biological control agents in tomatoes. Through the crop seasons, a natural shift in the occurrence of both mirids in favor of N. tenuis has been observed at the end of the cropping cycle in eastern Spain. To better optimize their conservation, the reasons for the observed change, such as intraguild interactions (IGP) or the influence of environmental conditions, are worth elucidating. To do this, we first studied the IGP of adult females on heterospecific nymphs in the laboratory. We next studied exploitative competition between adults and nymphs of each species when feeding on Ephestia kueniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs in the laboratory. Finally, to analyze the competitive displacement between both mirids, we conducted a semifield experiment in which both predators were released together. All experiments were conducted at 2 temperature regimes (20 and 25°C). Adult‐to‐nymph intraguild interactions occurred only at 25 ºC at very low levels, showing that N. tenuis attacked and consumed a greater proportion of heterospecific nymphs. Nesidiocoris tenuis was a better competitor than D. maroccanus when feeding on the shared prey in the presence of its heterospecific nymph at 25 ºC. In semifield conditions, N. tenuis showed a competitive advantage over D. maroccanus at both temperatures. We conclude that there is not direct interference between both species, however, N. tenuis has a greater ability to outcompete, since it is best adapted to higher temperatures and it is able to remove food sources for D. maroccanus.
Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG by Transglutaminase Cross‐Linked Soy Protein Isolate to Improve Survival in Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions and Yoghurt
Authors: Li Chun , Wang Chun‐Ling , Sun Yu , Li Ai‐Li , Liu Fei , Meng Xiang‐Chen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMicroencapsulation is an effective way to improve the survival of probiotics in simulated gastrointestinal (GI) conditions and yoghurt. In this study, microencapsulation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) was prepared by first cross‐linking of soy protein isolate (SPI) using transglutaminase (TGase), followed by embedding the bacteria in cross‐linked SPI, and then freeze‐drying. The survival of microencapsulated LGG was evaluated in simulated GI conditions and yoghurt. The results showed that a high microencapsulation yield of 67.4% was obtained. The diameter of the microencapsulated LGG was in the range of 52.83 to 275.16 μm. Water activity did not differ between free and microencapsulated LGG after freeze‐drying. The survival of microencapsulated LGG under simulated gastric juice (pH 2.5 and 3.6), intestinal juice (0.3% and 2% bile salt) and storage at 4 °C were significantly higher than that of free cells. The survival of LGG in TGase cross‐linked SPI microcapsules was also improved to 14.5 ± 0.5% during storage in yoghurt. The microencapsulation of probiotics by TGase‐treated SPI can be a suitable alternative to polysaccharide gelation technologies.
Should students have to borrow?
Authors: Martin Christopher 
Published: May 2016

Since autumn 2012, higher education institutions in England have been able to charge undergraduate students up to £9,000 a year in tuition fees. Full‐time students are expected to take out loans large enough to cover their tuition fees and living costs for the duration of their studies. They must start repaying these loans if and when their earnings reach £21,000 a year.In this bold and timely pamphlet, Christopher Martin argues that forcing students to borrow is a serious mistake. He contends that higher education is a welfare good on a par with basic schooling and health care. To flourish in liberal democratic societies, citizens must be personally autonomous, and the educational demands of personal autonomy are too heavy to be met by compulsory schooling alone. To lead autonomous lives, adult citizens need ongoing educational support, support that the liberal democratic state has an obligation to provide. Higher education should therefore be a universal entitlement and free at the point of use.The global debate about who should pay for higher education is by no means settled. As England shifted the financial burden from taxpayers to students, Germany moved in the opposite direction: all German universities have offered free tuition since 2014. Christopher Martin's distinctive contribution to the debate is to lay out a principled argument, based on a plausible assessment of the purpose of higher education, for the view that students should not have to pay for their education. His argument is controversial, to be sure, but it represents a serious and considered attempt to set the question of higher education funding on sure normative foundations.
Adoption of farm‐based irrigation water‐saving techniques in the Guanzhong Plain, China
Authors: Tang Jianjun , Folmer Henk , Xue Jianhong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article analyses adoption of farm‐based irrigation water saving techniques, based on a cross‐sectional data set of 357 farmers in the Guanzhong Plain, China. Approximately 83% of the farmers use at least one farm‐based water‐saving technique. However, the traditional, inefficient techniques border and furrow irrigation are still prevalent whereas the use of advanced, more efficient techniques is still rather rare. We develop and estimate an adoption model consisting of two stages: awareness of water scarcity and intensity of adoption. We find that awareness of water scarcity and financial status enhance adoption of more advanced techniques whereas access to better community‐based irrigation infrastructure discourages it. We furthermore find both community‐based irrigation infrastructure and farm‐based irrigation water‐saving techniques have mitigating effects on production risk. From the results it follows that adoption can be stimulated via financial support and via extension aimed at enhancing awareness of water scarcity.
On the nature and magnitude of cost economies in hog production
Authors: Duvaleix‐Tréguer Sabine , Gaigné Carl 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this article, we assess the impact of farm size on production cost and evaluate the marginal costs and margins by considering that input prices may change with the scale of production. By using French hog farm data, we estimate a system of equations including a feed price function, input demand functions, and an output supply function based on a technology approximated by a combined generalized Leontief‐Quadratic form. Our results suggest that the marginal costs are over‐estimated when the adjustment of the feed unit prices to a change in farm size is not controlled for. More specifically, the cost economies for large farms (enjoying the highest profits) arise primarily from lower feed prices, with technological scale economies having little impact. In contrast, farms with no hired labor exhibit technological scale economies and reach higher price‐cost margins compared to larger farms.
Potential role of heat‐shock protein 70 and interleukin‐15 in the pathogenesis of threatened spontaneous abortions
Authors: Gulic Tamara , Laskarin Gordana , Dominovic Marin , Glavan Gacanin Lana , Babarovic Emina , Haller Herman , Rukavina Daniel 
Published: May 2016

ProblemThe role of HSP70 and both its constitutive (Hsc) and inducible (Hsp) forms in the pathogenesis of threatened spontaneous abortions was investigated.Method of studyImmunohistology and/or immunofluorescence was used to analyze paraffin‐embedded tissue sections, and reverse transcriptase‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry were used for analyses of decidual mononuclear cells (DMCs) and confocal microscopy for the detection of perforin, granulysin, and lysosome‐associated membrane protein‐1 (LAMP‐1) in decidual lymphocytes (DLs).ResultsThe percentage of single Hsp70+, Hsc70+, and IL‐15+ cells and mRNA levels of HSP70, CD91, and TLR4 were lower in the decidua basalis in cases of threatened miscarriages compared to that in cases of normal pregnancy. In a suspension of normal DMCs, IL‐15 significantly decreased the HSP70 members and TLR4 in dendritic cells, T cells, and NK cells while increasing CD91 in NK cells alone.ConclusionDownregulation of Hsc70, Hsp70, and IL‐15 expression at gene and/or protein levels might support the retention of fertilization products in cases of missed abortion and blighted ovum.
Application of Heart Rate Variability in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review
Authors: França da Silva Anne Kastelianne , Penachini da Costa de Rezende Barbosa Marianne , Marques Vanderlei Franciele , Destro Christofaro Diego Giuliano , Marques Vanderlei Luiz Carlos 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe use of heart rate variability as a tool capable of discriminating individuals with diabetes mellitus is still little explored, as its use has been limited to comparing those with and without the disease. Thus, the purpose of this study was to verify the use of heart rate variability as a tool for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in person with diabetes and to identify whether there are cutoff points generated from the use of this tool in these individuals.MethodsA search was conducted in the electronic databases MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, and LILACS starting from the oldest records until January 2015, by means of descriptors related to the target condition, evaluated tool, and evaluation method. All the studies were evaluated for methodological quality using the QUADAS‐2 instrument.ResultsEight studies were selected. In general, the studies showed that the heart rate variability is useful to discriminate cardiac autonomic neuropathy in person with diabetes, and the sample entropy, SD1/SD2 indices, SDANN, HF, and slope of TFC have better discriminatory power to detect autonomic dysfunction, with sensitivity and specificity values ranging from 72% to 100% and 71% to 97%, respectively.ConclusionAlthough there are methodological differences in indices used, in general, this tool demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity and can be used as an additional and/or complementary tool to the conventional autonomic tests, in order to obtain safer and more effective diagnostic, collaborating for better risk stratification conditions of these patients.
Overexpression of NDUFA4L2 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Lv Yun , Nie Shao‐Lin , Zhou Ju‐Mei , Liu Feng , Hu Ying‐Bin , Jiang Jia‐Rui , Li Ni , Liu Jing‐Shi 
Published: May 2016

Background
NDUFA4L2 (NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 4‐like 2, also called NADH‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase MLRQ subunit homologue) was clearly enriched in the mitochondrial fraction under hypoxic conditions, and immunofluorescence showed a clear colocalization of NDUFA4L2 and cytochrome c in some tumour cells. However, little study has investigated its prognostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsIn our study, mRNA‐NDUFA4L2 and protein expression were analysed in 150 cases of CRC and adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry, semi‐quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. The correlation between NDUFA4L2 expression and clinicopathological factors was evaluated by the Chi‐square test. Overall survival of patients was analysed by the Kaplan–Meier method.Results
NDUFA4L2 overexpression was observed in 84% (126/150) of CRC tissues, but only in 24.7% (37/150) of adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05). Semi‐quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction showed average mRNA expression levels to be 23.34 ± 1.356 and 4.34 ± 1.132 for CRC tissue and adjacent normal tissue (P < 0.05). Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation of NDUFA4L2 expression with histological grade, Dukes’ stages, lymph node metastasis and liver metastasis. More importantly, multivariate analysis indicated that overexpression of NDUFA4L2 was an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients (P = 0.002). NDUFA4L2‐negative patients had a higher tumour‐free/overall survival rate than patients with high NDUFA4L2 expression (P = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively).ConclusionsOur data suggest that NDUFA4L2 overexpression is associated with tumour progression and a poor prognosis in CRC patients.
Use of surgical safety checklists in Australian operating theatres: an observational study
Authors: Giles Kristy , Munn Zachary , Aromataris Edoardo , Deakin Anita , Schultz Timothy , Mandel Catherine , Maddern Guy , Pearson Alan , Runciman William 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe use of surgical safety checklists (SSC) is an intervention aimed at reducing mortality and morbidity. Although the effectiveness of their use in surgery has been studied extensively, little is known about their practical use in Australian hospitals. The aim of this study was to observe and document the use of SSC in Australia.MethodsThis study employed direct observations of checklist use for surgical procedures by trained observers. Medical records were also audited to determine compliance with checklist use and to investigate whether there was any discrepancy between practice (actual care measured by direct observation) and documentation (documented care measured by an audit of records).ResultsAmong the 11 participating hospitals, overall observed mean completion of the components of the checklist was 27%. Only one hospital used the original World Health Organization checklist. The checklist items most commonly observed to be addressed by the operating theatre staff as noted during observations were: correct patient (99%) and procedure (97%), whether the patient had any allergies (80%), and whether the instrument counts were performed correctly (56%). Findings from the direct observations conflicted with the medical record audit, where there was a higher percentage of completion (86% completion) in comparison to the 27% observed.ConclusionThis is the first study of surgical checklist use within Australia. Overall completion was low across the sites included in this study. Compliance data collected from observations differed markedly from reported compliance in medical records.
Mesopic Pelli–Robson contrast sensitivity and MP‐1 microperimetry in healthy ageing and age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Maynard Michelle L. , Zele Andrew J. , Feigl Beatrix 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether decreasing illumination of the Pelli‐Robson contrast sensitivity (CS) chart and MP‐1 microperimeter to low mesopic conditions is more sensitive to vision changes occurring with healthy ageing and in early and intermediate age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and whether these mesopic tests can differentiate visual function between healthy older participants with and without AMD risk genotypes.MethodsRetinal sensitivity was measured in 98 healthy participants (19–85 years) and 21 AMD (AREDS Grade 2/3) patients (73.9 ± 6.5 years) using the Pelli‐Robson CS chart and MP‐1 microperimeter under low mesopic and standard illumination. The effect of ageing and AMD on retinal sensitivity was estimated using regression analysis. Healthy older participants (>50 years; n = 24) were genotyped for AMD risk genes CFH and/or ARMS2 and retinal sensitivity was compared between genotypes.ResultsWith healthy ageing, photopic and mesopic Pelli‐Robson CS showed a similar decline (−0.004 log CS/year). In AMD, photopic CS showed a similar decline to healthy ageing (−0.004 log CS/year) while mesopic CS was significantly reduced (−0.007 log CS/year). Both standard and low mesopic microperimetry showed a significant decline (−0.51 and −0.73% contrast/year) with healthy ageing and greater decline (−0.73 and −0.99% contrast/year) with AMD onset. Pelli‐Robson CS and microperimetry sensitivity did not differ between AMD risk genotypes in healthy participants.ConclusionsMesopic Pelli‐Robson CS detects functional deficits before photopic CS in early and intermediate AMD that can be differentiated from ageing. This test can be easily administered in clinical practice and may provide a means for early detection of retinal dysfunction.
Long‐term exercise training prevents mammary tumorigenesis‐induced muscle wasting in rats through the regulation of TWEAK signalling
Authors: Padrão A. I. , Figueira A. C. C. , Faustino‐Rocha A. I. , Gama A. , Loureiro M. M. , Neuparth M. J. , Moreira‐Gonçalves D. , Vitorino R. , Amado F. , Santos L. L. , Oliveira P. A. , Duarte J. A. , Ferreira R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimExercise training has been suggested as a non‐pharmacological approach to prevent skeletal muscle wasting and improve muscle function in cancer cachexia. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying such beneficial effect. In this study, we aimed to, firstly, examine the contribution of TWEAK signalling to cancer‐induced skeletal muscle wasting and, secondly, evaluate whether long‐term exercise alters TWEAK signalling and prevents muscle wasting.MethodsFemale Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control and exercise groups. Fifteen animals from each group were exposed to N‐Methyl‐N‐nitrosourea carcinogen. Animals in exercise groups were submitted to moderate treadmill exercise for 35 weeks. After the experimental period, animals were killed and gastrocnemius muscles were harvested for morphological and biochemical analysis.ResultsWe verified that exercise training prevented tumour‐induced TWEAK/NF‐κB signalling in skeletal muscle with a beneficial impact in fibre cross‐sectional area and metabolism. Indeed, 35 weeks of exercise training promoted the upregulation of PGC‐1α and oxidative phosphorylation complexes. This exercise‐induced muscle remodelling in tumour‐bearing animals was associated with less malignant mammary lesions.ConclusionData support the benefits of an active lifestyle for the prevention of muscle wasting secondary to breast cancer, highlighting TWEAK/NF‐ κB signalling as a potential therapeutic target for the preservation of muscle mass.