bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of the Spring Snowmelt Recession in Regulated Systems
Authors: Yarnell Sarah , Peek Ryan , Epke Gerhard , Lind Amy 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn an effort to restore predictable ecologically relevant spring snowmelt recession flow patterns in rivers regulated by dams, this study defined a methodology by which spring flow regimes can be modeled in regulated systems from the quantifiable characteristics of spring snowmelt recessions in unregulated rivers. An analysis of eight unregulated rivers across the Sierra Nevada mountain range in California found that unregulated systems behaved similarly with respect to seasonal spring patterns and recession limb curvature, and thus prescribed flows could be designed in a manner that mimics those predictable characteristics. Using the methodology to quantify spring recession flows in terms of a daily percent decrease in flow, a series of flow recession scenarios were created for application in an existing hydrodynamic model for the regulated Rubicon River. The modeling results showed that flow recessions with slow ramping rates similar to those observed in unregulated rivers (less than 10% per day) were likely to be protective of native aquatic species, such as the Foothill yellow‐legged frog, while flows that receded at greater rates would likely result in desiccation of egg masses and potential stranding of tadpoles and fry. Furthermore, recession rates of less than 10% per day provided the most spatially diverse hydraulic habitat in the modeled domain for an appropriate duration in spring to support all native species guilds and maximize aquatic biodiversity.
Augmenting Watershed Model Calibration with Incorporation of Ancillary Data Sources and Qualitative Soft Data Sources
Authors: Yen Haw , White Michael J. , Ascough James C. , Smith Douglas R. , Arnold Jeffrey G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWatershed simulation models such as the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) can be calibrated using “hard data” such as temporal streamflow observations; however, users may find upon examination of model outputs, that the calibrated models may not reflect actual watershed behavior. Thus, it is often advantageous to use “soft data” (i.e., qualitative knowledge such as expected denitrification rates that observed time series do not typically exist) to ensure that the calibrated model is representative of the real world. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of coupling SWAT‐Check (a post‐evaluation framework for SWAT outputs) and IPEAT‐SD (Integrated Parameter Estimation and Uncertainty Analysis Tool‐Soft & hard Data evaluation) to constrain the bounds of soft data during SWAT auto‐calibration. IPEAT‐SD integrates 59 soft data variables to ensure SWAT does not violate physical processes known to occur in watersheds. IPEAT‐SD was evaluated for two case studies where soft data such as denitrification rate, nitrate attributed from subsurface flow to total discharge ratio, and total sediment loading were used to conduct model calibration. Results indicated that SWAT model outputs may not satisfy reasonable soft data responses without providing pre‐defined bounds. IPEAT‐SD provides an efficient and rigorous framework for users to conduct future studies while considering both soft data and traditional hard information measures in watershed modeling.
Effects of shear stress on endothelial cells: go with the flow
Authors: Chistiakov D. A. , Orekhov A. N. , Bobryshev Y. V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHaemodynamic forces influence the functional properties of vascular endothelium. Endothelial cells (ECs) have a variety of receptors, which sense flow and transmit mechanical signals through mechanosensitive signalling pathways to recipient molecules that lead to phenotypic and functional changes. Arterial architecture varies greatly exhibiting bifurcations, branch points and curved regions, which are exposed to various flow patterns. Clinical studies showed that atherosclerotic plaques develop preferentially at arterial branches and curvatures, that is in the regions exposed to disturbed flow and shear stress. In the atheroprone regions, the endothelium has a proinflammatory phenotype associated with low nitric oxide production, reduced barrier function and increased proadhesive, procoagulant and proproliferative properties. Atheroresistant regions are exposed to laminar flow and high shear stress that induce prosurvival antioxidant signals and maintain the quiescent phenotype in ECs. Indeed, various flow patterns contribute to phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of arterial endothelium whose response to proatherogenic stimuli is differentiated. This may explain the preferential development of endothelial dysfunction in arterial sites with disturbed flow.
Allergy tests do not predict food triggers in adult patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis. A comprehensive prospective study using five modalities
Authors: Philpott H. , Nandurkar S. , Royce S. G. , Thien F. , Gibson P. R. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe use of allergy tests to guide dietary treatment for eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is controversial and data are limited. Aeroallergen sensitisation patterns and food triggers have been defined in Northern Hemisphere cohorts only.AimsTo determine if allergy tests that are routinely available can predict food triggers in adult patients with EoE. To define the food triggers and aeroallergen sensitisation patterns in a novel Southern Hemisphere (Australian) cohort of patients.MethodsConsecutive patients with EoE who elected to undergo dietary therapy were prospectively assessed, demographic details and atopic characteristics recorded, and allergy tests, comprising skin‐prick and skin‐patch tests, serum allergen‐specific IgE, basophil activation test and serum food‐specific IgG, were performed. Patients underwent a six‐food elimination diet with a structured algorithm that included endoscopic and histological examination of the oesophagus a minimum of 2 weeks after each challenge. Response was defined as <15 eosinophils per HPF. Foods defined as triggers were considered as gold standard and were compared with those identified by allergy testing.ResultsNo allergy test could accurately predict actual food triggers. Concordance among skin‐prick and serum allergen‐specific IgE was high for aeroallergens only. Among seasonal aeroallergens, rye‐grass sensitisation was predominant. Food triggers were commonly wheat, milk and egg, alone or in combination.ConclusionsNone of the currently‐available allergy tests predicts food triggers for EoE. Exclusion‐rechallenge methodology with oesophageal histological assessment remains the only effective investigation. The same food triggers were identified in this southern hemisphere cohort as previously described.
How aligned are the perspectives of EU regulators and HTA bodies? A comparative analysis of regulatory‐HTA parallel scientific advice
Authors: Tafuri Giovanni , Pagnini Margherita , Moseley Jane , Massari Marco , Petavy Frank , Behring Antje , Catalan Arantxa , Gajraj Elangovan , Hedberg Niklas , Obach Mercè , Osipenko Leeza , Russo Pierluigi , Van De Casteele Marc , Zebedin Eva‐Maria , Rasi Guido , Vamvakas Spiros 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundIn 2010, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) initiated a pilot project on parallel scientific advice with Health Technology Assessment bodies (HTABs) that allows manufacturers to receive simultaneous feedback from both the European Union (EU) regulators and HTABs on their development plans for medicines.AimsThe present retrospective qualitative analysis aimed to explore how the parallel scientific advice system is working and levels of commonality between the EU regulators and HTABs, and among HTABs, when applicants obtain parallel scientific advice from both a regulatory and an HTA perspective.MethodsWe analysed the minutes of discussion meetings held at the EMA between 2010, when parallel advice was launched, and 1 May 2015, when the cutoff date for data extraction was set. The analysis was based on predefined criteria and conducted at two different levels of comparison: the answers of the HTABs vs. those of the regulators, and between the answers of the participating HTA agencies.ResultsThe analysis was based on 31 procedures of parallel scientific advice. The level of full agreements was highest for questions on patient population (77%), while disagreements reached a peak for questions on the study comparator (30%). With regard to comparisons among HTABs, there was a high level of agreement for all domains.ConclusionsThere is evident commonality, in terms of evidence requirements between the EU regulators and participating HTABs, as well as among HTABs, on most aspects of clinical development. Indeed, regardless of the question content, the analysis showed that a high level of overall agreement was reached through the process of parallel scientific advice.
Evidence of multiple thermokarst lake generations from an 11 800‐year‐old permafrost core on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska
Authors: Lenz Josefine , Wetterich Sebastian , Jones Benjamin M. , Meyer Hanno , Bobrov Anatoly , Grosse Guido 
Published: June 2016

Permafrost degradation influences the morphology, biogeochemical cycling and hydrology of Arctic landscapes over a range of time scales. To reconstruct temporal patterns of early to late Holocene permafrost and thermokarst dynamics, site‐specific palaeo‐records are needed. Here we present a multi‐proxy study of a 350‐cm‐long permafrost core from a drained lake basin on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska, revealing Lateglacial to Holocene thermokarst lake dynamics in a central location of Beringia. Use of radiocarbon dating, micropalaeontology (ostracods and testaceans), sedimentology (grain‐size analyses, magnetic susceptibility, tephra analyses), geochemistry (total nitrogen and carbon, total organic carbon, δ13Corg) and stable water isotopes (δ18O, δD, d excess) of ground ice allowed the reconstruction of several distinct thermokarst lake phases. These include a pre‐lacustrine environment at the base of the core characterized by the Devil Mountain Maar tephra (22 800±280 cal. a BP, Unit A), which has vertically subsided in places due to subsequent development of a deep thermokarst lake that initiated around 11 800 cal. a BP (Unit B). At about 9000 cal. a BP this lake transitioned from a stable depositional environment to a very dynamic lake system (Unit C) characterized by fluctuating lake levels, potentially intermediate wetland development, and expansion and erosion of shore deposits. Complete drainage of this lake occurred at 1060 cal. a BP, including post‐drainage sediment freezing from the top down to 154 cm and gradual accumulation of terrestrial peat (Unit D), as well as uniform upward talik refreezing. This core‐based reconstruction of multiple thermokarst lake generations since 11 800 cal. a BP improves our understanding of the temporal scales of thermokarst lake development from initiation to drainage, demonstrates complex landscape evolution in the ice‐rich permafrost regions of Central Beringia during the Lateglacial and Holocene, and enhances our understanding of biogeochemical cycles in thermokarst‐affected regions of the Arctic.
In search of morphological modules: a systematic review
Authors: Esteve‐Altava Borja 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTMorphological modularity arises in complex living beings due to a semi‐independent inheritance, development, and function of body parts. Modularity helps us to understand the evolvability and plasticity of organismal form, and how morphological variation is structured during evolution and development. For this reason, delimiting morphological modules and establishing the factors involved in their origins is a lively field of inquiry in biology today. Although it is thought that modularity is pervasive in all living beings, actually we do not know how often modularity is present in different morphological systems. We also do not know whether some methodological approaches tend to reveal modular patterns more easily than others, or whether some factors are more related to the formation of modules or the integration of the whole phenotype. This systematic review seeks to answer these type of questions through an examination of research investigating morphological modularity from 1958 to present. More than 200 original research articles were gathered in order to reach a quantitative appraisal on what is studied, how it is studied, and how the results are explained. The results reveal an heterogeneous picture, where some taxa, systems, and approaches are over‐studied, while others receive minor attention. Thus, this review points out various trends and gaps in the study of morphological modularity, offering a broad picture of current knowledge and where we can direct future research efforts.
A Dual Identity Approach for Conceptualizing and Measuring Children's Gender Identity
Authors: Martin Carol Lynn , Andrews Naomi C. Z. , England Dawn E. , Zosuls Kristina , Ruble Diane N. 
Published: June 2016

The goal was to test a new dual identity perspective on gender identity by asking children (n = 467) in three grades (Mage = 5.7, 7.6, 9.5) to consider the relation of the self to both boys and girls. This change shifted the conceptualization of gender identity from one to two dimensions, provided insights into the meaning and measurement of gender identity, and allowed for revisiting ideas about the roles of gender identity in adjustment. Using a graphical measure to allow assessment of identity in young children and cluster analyses to determine types of identity, it was found that individual and developmental differences in how similar children feel to both genders, and these variations matter for many important personal and social outcomes.
Procedural and clinical outcomes of percutaneous adrenal biopsy in a high‐risk population for adrenal malignancy
Authors: Delivanis Danae A. , Erickson Dana , Atwell Thomas D. , Natt Neena , Maraka Spyridoula , Schmit Grant D. , Eiken Patrick W. , Nathan Mark A. , Young William F. , Bancos Irina 
Published: June 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe role of percutaneous adrenal biopsy in a high‐risk population for adrenal malignancy has not been fully investigated. Our aim was to describe the clinical presentation leading to the adrenal biopsy and evaluate the diagnostic performance, complications and non diagnostic rate of adrenal biopsy.DesignSingle‐centre, retrospective cohort study.Patients and MeasurementsMedical records of patients who underwent adrenal biopsy between 1994 and 2014 were reviewed. Adrenal biopsy outcome was compared to a predefined reference standard.ResultsBiopsy was performed in 418 patients [62% men, median age 69 years (range, 15–91)] on 419 adrenal lesions, median size 3·1 cm (range, 0·6–24). The main indication for adrenal mass biopsy was (349/419, 83%) suspected adrenal metastasis from a known or suspected extra‐adrenal primary source. Only 116 of 419, 28% of cases had prebiopsy biochemical testing for pheochromocytoma. Biopsy‐related complications occurred in 4% of the patients. Histology revealed a metastasis in 231 of 419 (55%), benign adrenal tissue in 137 of 419 (33%), adrenocortical carcinoma in eight of 419 (2%), other lesions in 23 of 419 (5%) including seven cases of pheochromocytoma and six cases of infectious process. Biopsy was nondiagnostic in 20 of 419 (5%). All adrenal masses with unenhanced radiodensity ≤10 HU (42/137, 31%) proved to be benign adrenal adenomas. Adrenal biopsy diagnosed malignancy with a sensitivity of 88·5%, specificity of 91·5%, positive predictive value of 93·4% and negative predictive value of 85·5%.ConclusionWhen used in the appropriate clinical setting, adrenal biopsy is a powerful tool in the diagnostic algorithm of the evaluation of adrenal masses with features suspicious for malignancy. Efforts to increase awareness to perform biochemical testing for pheochromocytoma prior to adrenal biopsy are needed.
Cyclosporine A Treatment Abrogates Ischemia‐Induced Neuronal Cell Death by Preserving Mitochondrial Integrity through Upregulation of the Parkinson's Disease‐Associated Protein DJ‐1
Authors: Tajiri Naoki , Borlongan Cesar V. , Kaneko Yuji 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAimsHypoxic‐ischemia alters mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), respiratory‐related enzymes, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Drugs acting on mitochondria, such as cyclosporine A (CsA), may reveal novel mitochondria‐based cell death signaling targets for stroke. Our previous studies showed that Parkinson's disease‐associated protein DJ‐1 participates in the acute endogenous neuroprotection after stroke via mitochondrial pathway. DJ‐1 was detected immediately after stroke and efficiently translocated into the mitochondria offering a new venue for developing treatment strategies against stroke. Here, we examined a molecular interaction between CsA and mitochondrial integrity in the in vitro acute stroke model of oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury with emphasis on DJ‐1.MethodsPrimary rat neuronal cells (PRNCs) were exposed to OGD/R injury and processed for immunocytochemistry, ELISA, and mitochondria‐based molecular assays to reveal the role of DJ‐1 in CsA modulation of mitochondrial integrity.ResultsAdministration of CsA before stroke onset (24 h pre‐OGD/R) afforded significantly much more robust neuroprotective effects than when CsA was initiated after stroke (2 h post‐OGD/R), revealing that CsA exerted neuroprotection in the early phase of ischemic stroke. CsA prevented the mitochondria‐dependent cell death signaling pathway involved in cytochrome c (Cyt c)‐induced intrinsic apoptotic process. CsA preserved cellular ATP content, but not hexokinase activity under hypoxic conditions. CsA prevented both mtDNA decrement and Δψm degradation after reperfusion, and enhanced secretion of DJ‐1 in the mitochondria, coupled with reduced oxidative stress.ConclusionThese observations provided evidence that CsA maintained mitochondrial integrity likely via DJ‐1 upregulation, supporting the concept that mitochondria‐based treatments targeting the early phase of disease progression may prove beneficial in stroke.
Evaluating the Role of Genetic Variants on first‐line antiepileptic drug response in North India: Significance of SCN1A and GABRA1 Gene Variants in Phenytoin Monotherapy and its Serum Drug Levels
Authors: Baghel Ruchi , Grover Sandeep , Kaur Harpreet , Jajodia Ajay , Rawat Chitra , Srivastava Ankit , Kushwaha Suman , Agarwal Rachna , Sharma Sangeeta , Kukreti Ritushree 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAimThe present study aimed to evaluate association of genetic variants on drug response and therapy optimization parameters in patients treated with first‐line antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Genetic variants from ion channels, their functionally related genes, and synaptic vesicle cycle (SVC) genes with a potential role in epilepsy pathophysiology were thus prioritized.MethodsA total of 12 genes from ion channels and related gene set and seven genes from SVC comprising 155 SNPs were genotyped and evaluated with drug response, dose levels, and drug levels in 408 patients with epilepsy.ResultsBoth GABRA1 and SCN1A variants showed haplotypic and diplotypic associations in response to phenytoin (PHT). Diplotype analysis of GABRA1 variants revealed association of rs12658835|rs7735530 (AG/AG) (P‐valuecorrected = 0.034, OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.36–11.05) and rs12658835|rs7735530|rs7732641|rs2279020 (AGCA/AGCA) (P‐valuecorrected = 0.035, OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 0.96–6.41) with recurrent seizures. SCN1A haplotype rs6432860|rs3812718 (AC: P‐valuecorrected = 0.022, OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.39–5.35) and diplotype (AC/AC: P‐valuecorrected = 0.034, OR = 6.42, 95% CI = 1.10–65.76) were further observed to be associated with recurrent seizures. With respect to therapy optimization parameters, we observed significantly lower dose‐adjusted drug levels at maximum dose of PHT in patients carrying AC/AC diplotype (P‐value = 0.021).ConclusionThe results further substantiate the role of GABRA1 in PHT mode of action and contribution of SCN1A in response and therapy optimization with PHT monotherapy.
Symptom load and individual symptoms before and after repair of parastomal hernia: a prospective single centre study
Authors: Krogsgaard M. , Pilsgaard B. , Borglit T. B. , Bentzen J. , Balleby L. , Krarup P.M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe symptom load and individual symptoms before and after repair of parastomal hernia were investigated.MethodStoma‐related symptoms were prospectively recorded before repair of a parastomal hernia and at 10 days and 6 months postoperatively: leakage, skin problems, difficulty with the appliance, limitation of activity, difficulty with clothing, cosmetic complaints, social restriction, erratic action of the stoma, a bearing‐down sensation at the site of the stoma and pain. Episodes of intermittent bowel obstruction and difficulty with irrigation were also recorded. Patients were seen at 1, 2 and 3 years and were examined for recurrent parastomal herniation.ResultsOf 131 consecutive patients referred to a specialized centre for treatment of parastomal bulging, 61 underwent parastomal hernia repair. Forty‐eight patients were treated with the Sugarbaker technique. Six different symptoms were present in more than half the patients before surgery. The overall symptom load decreased significantly from a median of 4 [interquartile range (IQR) 2.5–6] preoperatively to 2 (IQR 1–3) on postoperative day 10 and 1 (IQR 0–2) at 6 months, P < 0.001. The number of symptoms decreased in 93% of patients; in 5% there was no change and in 2% symptoms increased. Skin problems and leakage were the only symptoms that were not significantly reduced. The overall recurrence rate of herniation was 5/48 (10%) at a median of 12 (IQR 6–24) months.ConclusionThe preoperative symptom load was high and this fell after repair in over 90% of patients. Recurrence occurred in 10% of patients within 2 years of repair. The study emphasizes the importance of detailed knowledge of the symptoms of parastomal hernia when addressing and managing patients’ problems and complaints.
Does Making Something Move Matter? Representations of Goals and Sources in Motion Events With Causal Sources
Authors: Lakusta Laura , Muentener Paul , Petrillo Lauren , Mullanaphy Noelle , Muniz Lauren 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPrevious studies have shown a robust bias to express the goal path over the source path when describing events (“the bird flew into the pitcher,” rather than “… out of the bucket into the pitcher”). Motivated by linguistic theory, this study manipulated the causal structure of events (specifically, making the source cause the motion of the figure) and measured the extent to which adults and 3.5‐ to 4‐year‐old English‐speaking children included the goal and source in their descriptions. We found that both children's and adults’ encoding of the source increased for events in which the source caused the motion of the figure compared to nearly identical events in which the source played no such causal role. However, a goal bias persisted overall for both causal and noncausal motion events. These findings suggest that although the goal bias in language is highly robust, properties of the source (such as causal agency) influence its likelihood of being encoded in language, thus shedding light on how properties of an event can influence the mapping of event components into language.