bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Microporous Stent Graft on the Descending Aortic Aneurysm: A Patient‐Specific Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
Authors: Ong Chi‐Wei , Ho Pei , Leo Hwa‐Liang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) method is an alternative treatment for thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) compared to open surgery. It is believed that stent graft implantation can potentially reduce the risk of aneurysm rupture by altering the associated blood flow disturbances within an aneurysm. To investigate the hemodynamics changes of TEVAR intervention to the TAA, three models, namely healthy, aneurysm before treatment, and aneurysm after stent graft implantation models were built. These three models were presented and compared in terms of their flow patterns, time‐averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillating shear index (OSI), and relative residence time (RRT). Reduced TAWSS and OSI with altered flow pattern were found on the aneurysm wall after the deployment of the microporous stent graft. Elevated RRT on the aneurysm sac indicated that red blood cells and platelets tended to stay longer in the aneurysm sac after implantation of the microporous stent graft. The alteration of flow patterns caused by the microporous stent graft revealed its potential to create a beneficial hemodynamic environment, which promotes platelet activation within the aneurysm and elicits localization of thrombus formation that ultimately lead to the recovery of an aortic aneurysm.
Parents need support to find ways to optimise their own sleep without seeing their preterm infant's sleeping patterns as a problem
Authors: Blomqvist Ylva Thernström , Nyqvist Kerstin Hedberg , Rubertsson Christine , Funkquist Eva‐Lotta 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThis study described how parents perceived their own sleep, and their infants’, during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and after discharge. It also explored the infants’ sleeping location at home.MethodsThe study was conducted in the NICUs of two Swedish university hospitals. The parents of 86 infants – 86 mothers and 84 fathers – answered questionnaires during their infants’ hospital stay, at discharge and at the infants’ corrected ages of two, six and 12 months. The parents’ own sleep was explored with the Insomnia Severity Index.ResultsMothers reported more severe insomnia than fathers during their infants’ hospitalisation, and these higher insomnia severity scores were associated with more severe infant sleep problems at discharge (p = 0.027) and at two months (p = 0.006) and 12 months (p = 0.002) of corrected age. During the study period, 4%–10% of the parents reported severe or very severe infant sleeping problems. The bed‐sharing rate was 75% after discharge and about 60% at the corrected age of 12 months.ConclusionMaternal insomnia during an infant's hospital stay was associated with later perceptions of sleep problems in their children. Parents need support to find solutions for optimal sleep without seeing their child's sleeping patterns as a problem.
Influence of procyanidin supplementation on the immune responses of broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Wu Qiu Jue , Wang Yu Qin , Qi Yan Xia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of dietary procyanidin (PCA, from pine needles) supplementation on the innate immunity of broilers were investigated. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (eight cages / treatment; six birds (one‐day‐old) / cage) with dietary PCA concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1%) and two immune treatments (injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.5 mg/kg body weight) or saline). LPS was dissolved in sterile 9 g/L (w/v) NaCl solution at 16, 18, 20 days of age to mimic immune stress. The remaining birds were injected with saline as a placebo. The results indicated that, prior to LPS challenge, the PCA diet had no significant effect on bird growth performance. The injection of LPS was also not associated with any significant changes in poultry performance. LPS injection increased the activity of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6 and IL‐10) in serum; dietary PCA decreased these concentrations (P < 0.05) in the PCA 0.1% group, further illustrating the immune effect of PCA. In conclusion, PCA supplementation has a beneficial effect on LPS challenge, which may be associated with the inhibition of the secretion of cytokines and decrease in the proinflammatory marker NOx.
Evaluation of a cow‐side milk progesterone assay and assessment of the positive predictive value of oestrus diagnosis by dairy farmers in New South Wales
Authors: Ingenhoff L , Hall E , House JK 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesThe three objectives of this study were to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of oestrus diagnosis (heat detection accuracy) by dairy farmers, calculate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the P4 Rapid milk progesterone assay for detecting a corpus luteum and evaluate the economics of using a cow‐side milk progesterone assay designed to aid oestrus diagnosis.MethodsMilk samples were collected from 752 cows diagnosed in oestrus by farm personnel on 14 dairy farms. Samples were tested using the P4 Rapid milk progesterone assay to estimate the PPV of oestrus diagnosis at each farm and a crude pooled mean of PPV of oestrus diagnosis across all farms. A further 156 milk samples were collected from cows with luteal tissue status determined by transrectal ultrasound and tested by the P4 Rapid assay to enable calculation of the sensitivity and specificity of the P4 Rapid assay.ResultsFor pooled farm samples, the PPV was 97.0%, with a range between farms of 88.9–100%. Sensitivity of the P4 Rapid milk progesterone assay for detecting a corpus luteum was 90.1% and specificity was 98.7%. Misclassification of oestrus in cows previously identified as pregnant was the most common cause of false‐positive oestrus diagnoses by farm personnel.ConclusionRoutine testing of milk progesterone in all cows diagnosed in oestrus is not economically justified and may even slightly reduce submission rates; conversely, strategic use of cow‐side milk progesterone assays can improve herd reproductive performance by facilitating decisions on whether to rebreed cows previously diagnosed as pregnant.
Assessment of pharmacokinetic interaction between rilotumumab and epirubicin, cisplatin and capecitabine (ECX) in a Phase 3 study in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Yilong , Kuchimanchi Mita , Zhu Min , Doshi Sameer , Hoang Tien , Kasichayanula Sreeneeranj 
Published: November 2016

AimsRilotumumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody investigated for the treatment of MET‐positive gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential pharmacokinetic (PK)‐based drug–drug interaction (DDI) between rilotumumab and epirubicin (E), cisplatin(C) and capecitabine (X).MethodsThis was a Phase 3 double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, in which rilotumumab, epirubicin and cisplatin were administered intravenously at 15 mg kg−1, 50 mg m−2, and 60 mg m−2 Q3W, respectively, while capecitabine was given orally at 625 mg m−2 twice daily. Rilotumumab PK samples were taken at pre‐dose and at the end‐of‐infusion from all patients in cycles 1, 3, 5 and 7. ECX PK samples were taken in cycle 3 from patients who participated in the intensive PK assessment. ECX PK was assessed by non‐compartmental (NCA) analyses and PK parameters were compared between two arms. Rilotumumab PK was assessed by comparing the observed rilotumumab serum concentrations with model‐predicted concentrations using a population PK model developed from previous Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies.ResultsThe study enrolled 609 patients. ECX plasma concentrations in the presence and absence of rilotumumab were similar, as demonstrated by the geometric mean ratios for Cmax and AUC, which were close to 1.0, suggesting ECX PK was not affected by co‐administration of rilotumumab. The observed rilotumumab serum concentrations were similar to the values predicted by population PK modelling on the basis of a prediction‐corrected visual predictive check, indicating rilotumumab exposure was not affected by co‐administration of ECX.ConclusionsThe results suggest lack of PK‐based DDI between rilotumumab and ECX.
Targeting the hard to reach: challenges and novel strategies in the treatment of intracellular bacterial infections
Authors: Kamaruzzaman Nor Fadhilah , Kendall Sharon , Good Liam 
Published: November 2016

Infectious diseases continue to threaten human and animal health and welfare globally, impacting millions of lives and causing substantial economic loss. The use of antibacterials has been only partially successful in reducing disease impact. Bacterial cells are inherently resilient, and the therapy challenge is increased by the development of antibacterial resistance, the formation of biofilms and the ability of certain clinically important pathogens to invade and localize within host cells. Invasion into host cells provides protection from both antibacterials and the host immune system. Poor delivery of antibacterials into host cells causes inadequate bacterial clearance, resulting in chronic and unresolved infections. In this review, we discuss the challenges associated with existing antibacterial therapies with a focus on intracellular pathogens. We consider the requirements for successful treatment of intracellular infections and novel platforms currently under development. Finally, we discuss novel strategies to improve drug penetration into host cells. As an example, we discuss our recent demonstration that the cell penetrating cationic polymer polyhexamethylene biguanide has antibacterial activity against intracellular Staphylococcus aureus.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Drug Metabolism and Antibiotic Resistance in Micro‐organisms. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.14/issuetoc
Perivascular adipose tissue as a regulator of vascular disease pathogenesis: identifying novel therapeutic targets
Authors: Akoumianakis Ioannis , Tarun Akansha , Antoniades Charalambos 
Published: November 2016

Adipose tissue (AT) is an active endocrine organ with the ability to dynamically secrete a wide range of adipocytokines. Importantly, its secretory profile is altered in various cardiovascular disease states. AT surrounding vessels, or perivascular AT (PVAT), is recognized in particular as an important local regulator of vascular function and dysfunction. Specifically, PVAT has the ability to sense vascular paracrine signals and respond by secreting a variety of vasoactive adipocytokines. Due to the crucial role of PVAT in regulating many aspects of vascular biology, it may constitute a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of vascular disease pathogenesis. Signalling pathways in PVAT, such as those using adiponectin, H2S, glucagon‐like peptide 1 or pro‐inflammatory cytokines, are among the potential novel pharmacological therapeutic targets of PVAT.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue – Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc
Personal income tax progressivity and output volatility: Evidence from OECD countries
Authors: Rieth Malte , Checherita‐Westphal Cristina , Attinasi Maria‐Grazia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates empirically the effect of personal income tax progressivity on output volatility using macro data from a sample of OECD countries over the period 1982–2009. Our measure of progressivity is based on the difference between the marginal and the average personal income tax rate for the average production worker. We find supportive empirical evidence for the hypothesis that higher personal income tax progressivity leads to lower output volatility. This effect comes in addition to the stabilizing impact of government size and it is equally important in economic terms. All other factors constant, countries with more progressive personal income tax systems seem to benefit from stronger automatic stabilizers.
Affect recognition among adolescents in therapeutic schools: relationships with posttraumatic stress disorder and conduct disorder symptoms
Authors: Javdani Shabnam , Sadeh Naomi , Donenberg Geri R. , Emerson Erin M. , Houck Christopher , Brown Larry K. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and conduct disorder (CD) symptoms often co‐occur in adolescence, but little is known about whether they show common or distinct emotional processing deficits.MethodWe examined the effects of PTSD and CD symptoms on facial affect processing in youth with emotional and behavior problems. Teens enrolled in therapeutic day schools (N = 371; ages 13–19) completed a structured diagnostic assessment and the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy‐2 facial affect recognition task.ResultsPosttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were associated with deficits in the recognition of angry facial expressions, specifically the false identification of angry faces as fearful. CD symptoms were associated with greater difficulty correctly identifying sadness.ConclusionsFindings suggest specificity in the relationships of PTSD and CD symptoms with emotional processing.
Neural Reactivity to Emotional Faces May Mediate the Relationship Between Childhood Empathy and Adolescent Prosocial Behavior
Authors: Flournoy John C. , Pfeifer Jennifer H. , Moore William E. , Tackman Allison M. , Masten Carrie L. , Mazziotta John C. , Iacoboni Marco , Dapretto Mirella 
Published: November 2016

Reactivity to others’ emotions not only can result in empathic concern (EC), an important motivator of prosocial behavior, but can also result in personal distress (PD), which may hinder prosocial behavior. Examining neural substrates of emotional reactivity may elucidate how EC and PD differentially influence prosocial behavior. Participants (N = 57) provided measures of EC, PD, prosocial behavior, and neural responses to emotional expressions at ages 10 and 13. Initial EC predicted subsequent prosocial behavior. Initial EC and PD predicted subsequent reactivity to emotions in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and inferior parietal lobule, respectively. Activity in the IFG, a region linked to mirror neuron processes, as well as cognitive control and language, mediated the relation between initial EC and subsequent prosocial behavior.
What You Want Versus What's Good for You: Paternalistic Motivation in Children's Helping Behavior
Authors: Martin Alia , Lin Kelsey , Olson Kristina R. 
Published: November 2016

Children help others to complete their goals. Yet adults are sometimes motivated to help others in a “paternalistic” way, overriding a recipient's desires if they conflict with the recipient's best interests. Experiments investigated whether 5‐year‐olds (n = 100) consider a recipient's desire, and the consequences of fulfilling this desire, when helping. Children overrode a request for chocolate in favor of giving fruit snacks, if chocolate would make the recipient sick. Children did not override a request for chocolate in favor of carrots, even if chocolate would make the recipient sick, but they gave carrots if the recipient requested them. By age 5, children balance different motivations when helping, considering the recipient's desires, consequences of fulfilling them, and alternative forms of helping available.
Defective expression of apoptosis-related molecules in multiple sclerosis patients is normalized early after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: de Oliveira G L V , Ferreira A F , Gasparotto E P L , Kashima S , Covas D T , Guerreiro C T , Brum D G , Barreira A A , Voltarelli J C , Simões B P , Oliveira M C , de Castro F A , Malmegrim K C R 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Defective apoptosis might be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluated apoptosis-related molecules in MS patients before and after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) using BCNU, Etoposide, AraC and Melphalan (BEAM) or cyclophosphamide (CY)-based conditioning regimens. Patients were followed for clinical and immunological parameters for 2 years after AHSCT. At baseline, MS patients had decreased proapoptotic BAD, BAX and FASL and increased A1 gene expression when compared with healthy counterparts. In the BEAM group, BAK, BIK, BIMEL, FAS, FASL, A1, BCL2, BCLXL, CFLIPL and CIAP2 genes were up-regulated after AHSCT. With the exception of BIK, BIMEL and A1, all genes reached levels similar to controls at day + 720 post-transplantation. Furthermore, in these patients, we observed increased CD8+ Fas+ T cell frequencies after AHSCT when compared to baseline. In the CY group, we observed increased BAX, BCLW, CFLIPL and CIAP1 and decreased BIK and BID gene expressions after transplantation. At day + 720 post-AHSCT, the expression of BAX, FAS, FASL, BCL2, BCLXL and CIAP1 was similar to that of controls. Protein analyses showed increased Bcl-2 expression before transplantation. At 1 year post-AHSCT, expression of Bak, Bim, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and cFlip-L was decreased when compared to baseline values. In summary, our findings suggest that normalization of apoptosis-related molecules is associated with the early therapeutic effects of AHSCT in MS patients. These mechanisms may be involved in the re-establishment of immune tolerance during the first 2 years post-transplantation.
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α-induced interleukin-33 expression in intestinal epithelia contributes to mucosal homeostasis in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Sun M , He C , Wu W , Zhou G , Liu F , Cong Y , Liu Z 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), an important barrier to gut microbiota, are subject to low oxygen tension, particularly during intestinal inflammation. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is expressed highly in the inflamed mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and functions as a key regulator in maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. However, how IEC-derived HIF-1α regulates intestinal immune responses in IBD is still not understood completely. We report here that the expression of HIF-1α and IL-33 was increased significantly in the inflamed mucosa of IBD patients as well as mice with colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). The levels of interleukin (IL)−33 were correlated positively with that of HIF-1α. A HIF-1α-interacting element was identified in the promoter region of IL-33, indicating that HIF-1α activity regulates IL-33 expression. Furthermore, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) facilitated the HIF-1α-dependent IL-33 expression in IEC. Our data thus demonstrate that HIF-1α-dependent IL-33 in IEC functions as a regulatory cytokine in inflamed mucosa of IBD, thereby regulating the intestinal inflammation and maintaining mucosal homeostasis.
Diagnostic accuracy of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System in the prediction of malignancy in nodules with atypia and follicular lesion of undetermined significance cytologies
Authors: Baser Husniye , Cakir Bekir , Topaloglu Oya , Alkan Afra , Polat Sefika Burcak , Dogan Hayriye Tatli , Yazicioğlu Mustafa Omer , Aydin Cevdet , Ersoy Reyhan 
Published: November 2016

SummaryObjectiveThyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) is a simple and reliable reporting system for the prediction of malignancy. We aimed to determine the role of TIRADS in the prediction of malignancy in subcategories of Bethesda Category III, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) and follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS).Design & patientsA total of 461 nodules with AUS cytology in 450 patients and 179 nodules with FLUS cytology in 168 patients were included. Ultrasonography (US) features and postoperative histopathology results were documented. Every suspicious US feature was scored as 1 and 0 according to the presence or not, respectively. TIRADS category of each nodule was determined.ResultsIn AUS subcategory, histopathologically malignant nodules had significantly different TIRADS categories compared to benign nodules (P = 0·001), but this was not the case in FLUS subcategory (P = 0·121). In AUS group, malignant nodules had significantly higher prevalance of microcalcification, hypoechogenicity and anteroposterior/transverse ratio than benign ones (P < 0·001, P < 0·001 and P = 0·003, respectively) and TIRADS categories of 4c and 5 were more frequent in malignant nodules (P < 0·05). Microcalcification, hypoechogenicity and TIRADS were found to be associated with malignancy in multivariate logistic regression analysis in this subcategory. TIRADS category ≥4c was associated with malignancy (AUC ± SE: 0·584 ± 0·028). In FLUS subcategory, there was no significant difference between histopathologically malignant and benign nodules with respect to suspicious US features (P > 0·05, all).ConclusionTIRADS seems to be useful in predicting malignancy and planning further management in the AUS subcategory, but not quite so in the FLUS subcategory.
Assessment of early atherosclerosis and left ventricular dysfunction in children with 21‐hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Özdemir Rahmi , Korkmaz Hüseyin Anil , Küçük Mehmet , Karadeniz Cem , Meşe Timur , Özkan Behzat 
Published: November 2016

SummaryAimWe analysed 25 children with 21‐hydroxylase deficiency who received glucocorticoid and/or mineralocorticoid treatment for at least 12 months to determine the effects of the disease and its treatment on vascular structures and ventricular function.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with 21‐hydroxylase‐deficient congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and 25 control subjects were enrolled into this observational, cross‐sectional study. The patients were investigated in terms of fasting blood glucose and insulin; fasting serum lipid profile; serum 17‐hydroxyprogesterone; dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate; androstenedione; and adrenocorticotropic hormone. M‐mode tracings of the wall motion of major arteries were obtained to measure carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT), as well as elasticity and distensibility of the aorta and carotid artery. Conventional and relatively new tissue Doppler imaging techniques were employed to assess ventricular systolic and diastolic functions.ResultsThe median age and weight of patients were 9·4 years (1·5–16·75) and 35·5 kg (7·5–76·3), respectively. The median duration of treatment was 52·2 months. Tissue Doppler imaging measurements revealed left ventricular diastolic impairment in the patient group compared to the controls. Carotid intima‐media thickness, stiffness index, elastic modulus of the aorta and carotid artery were significantly higher; meanwhile, aortic distensibility and carotid distensibility were lower in the patient group, all of which indicates the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis. BMI was found to be an independent variable for cIMT (ß: 0·5, P = 0·01) and aortic stiffness index (ß: 0·52, P < 0·001).ConclusionCardiovascular function and the elastic properties of major arteries are disturbed in children and adolescents with 21‐hydroxylase‐deficient CAH.