bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rosacea Management: Update on general measures and topical treatment options
Authors: Schaller M , Schöfer H , Homey B , Hofmann M , Gieler U , Lehmann P , Luger TA , Ruzicka T , Steinhoff M 
Published: November 2016

SummaryAlthough there is presently no cure for rosacea, there are several recommended treatment options available to control many of the symptoms and to prevent them from getting worse. In addition to self‐help measures like avoidance of trigger factors and proper skin care, rosacea management should include topical medications as one of the first‐line choices for patients with erythematous and mild to severe papulopustular rosacea. Since mixed forms of characteristic rosacea symptoms are more common, medical treatment must be symptom‐tailored for each individual case and will often involve a combination therapy. Approved topical agents for the major symptoms of rosacea encompass brimonidine for erythema and ivermectin, metronidazole or azelaic acid for inflammatory lesions, all of which have shown their efficacy in numerous valid, well‐controlled trials. In addition, there are several other, not approved topical treatments which are possible options that require further validation in larger well‐controlled studies.
Physical modalities for the treatment of rosacea
Authors: Hofmann Maja A. , Lehmann Percy 
Published: November 2016

SummaryRosacea is characterised by a wide variety of vascular changes. Apart from telangiectasia and erythema, often so‐called flushing occurs. These vascular abnormalities can be targeted with specific light and laser devices. In addition to KTP laser, pulsed dye laser (PDL) and Nd:YAG laser, also intense pulsed light devices (IPLs) are used. The described therapeutic effects include the reduction of vascular abnormalities and even improvement of papulopustular changes. While the KTP laser shows very good results in telangiectasia, the dye laser and IPL devices are used preferably in erythema. The Nd:YAG laser is also a possibility for patients with telangiectasia and erythema. However, compared to the other laser and light devices the Nd:YAG laser carries the highest risk of unpredictable scarring.Phymatous changes are another clinical manifestation of rosacea, mostly affecting the nose (rhinophyma). Moderate and severe cases are commonly treated with ablation modalities. Traditional surgery is a treatment option, but is often associated with major intraoperative bleeding. Alternative methods include electrosurgery and dermabrasion, although both methods can cause scarring. Newer methods such as CO2 laser ablation, possibly in combination with the erbium:YAG laser, are safe alternatives with a lower risk of complications.
Physikalische Methoden zur Behandlung der Rosazea
Authors: Hofmann Maja A. , Lehmann Percy 
Published: November 2016

ZusammenfassungDie Rosazea ist durch vielfältige vaskuläre Veränderungen gekennzeichnet. Neben Teleangiektasien und Erythemen treten häufig auch sogenannte „Flushings“ auf. Haupteinsatzgebiete von Licht‐ und Lasersystemen sind diese vaskulären Veränderungen, wie Erytheme und Teleangiektasien. Neben dem KTP‐Laser, dem Farbstofflaser (PDL) und dem Nd:YAG‐Laser kommen auch Blitzlampen (IPL) zum Einsatz. Neben der Rückbildung der vaskulären Komponente, ist auch eine Verbesserung der papulopustulösen Komponente beschrieben. Während der KTP‐Laser sehr gute Ergebnisse bei Teleangiektasien zeigt, werden der Farbstofflaser und die Blitzlampen bevorzugt bei flächigen Erythemen eingesetzt. Der ND:YAG‐Laser kann bei Teleangiektasien und Erythemen eingesetzt werden, birgt aber von allen Systemen das nicht einschätzbare Narbenbildungsrisiko in sich.Die Bildung von Phymen stellt eine klinische Ausprägung der Rosazea dar. Das am häufigsten vorkommende ist das Rhinophym. Bei moderaten und schweren Formen steht die Abtragung im Vordergrund. Die klassische chirurgische Abtragung stellt eine Möglichkeit zur Behandlung dar, häufig kommt es hierbei jedoch intraoperativ zu stärkeren Blutungen. Alternativmethode ist die Elektrochirurgie und die Dermabrasion, wobei bei beiden Methoden Narbenbildungen auftreten können. Neuere Methoden wie die CO2‐Laserabtragung, eventuell in Kombination mit der Erbium:YAG‐Abtragung, stellen sichere und komplikationsärmere Varianten dar.
Topography of the Andes Mountains shapes the wintering distribution of a migratory bird
Authors: González‐Prieto Ana M. , Bayly Nicholas J. , Colorado Gabriel J. , Hobson Keith A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimIn birds, patterns of migratory connectivity are influenced by landscape structure experienced throughout the annual cycle. Assessing how landscape patterns drive the movements and distributions of migratory species is important for understanding the evolution of migration and determining conservation priorities. We determined migratory connectivity in the Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis), a declining Neotropical migratory bird, and evaluated the degree to which the Andean mountains influence winter population distribution in this montane forest specialist.LocationSeven study regions across the Western, Central, and Eastern Andes of Colombia.MethodsWe inferred breeding and natal origins of Canada Warblers overwintering in Colombia by analysing stable hydrogen isotope values (δ2H) in feathers and assigning wintering populations to breeding origins using an established feather δ2H isoscape for North America.ResultsWe found strong evidence for parallel migration between breeding and wintering sites, giving rise to moderately strong migratory connectivity between breeding and wintering regions. The model best explaining population distribution in the Colombian Andes implied that populations were most similar within basins or valleys. Such segregation is notable, given that basins are separated by less than 300 km on the wintering grounds, while breeding populations may be separated by more than 3000 km from east to west.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that the high spine of each Andean cordillera acts to shape the winter distribution of individuals from different breeding populations. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that the topography of the Andean mountains can act to shape the winter distribution of populations of a migratory bird. The strength of migratory connectivity found in Canada Warblers may inhibit evolutionary responses to environmental change, and the more rapid population declines recorded in some eastern breeding populations may be related to habitat loss and local environmental conditions in the Eastern Andes, where individuals from these populations were more likely to overwinter.
Roles and competences for educators of undergraduate dental students: a discussion paper
Authors: Chuenjitwongsa S. , Bullock A. , Oliver R. G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionDental educators are important people who contribute to the development of every aspect of dental education. In part due to the lack of understanding of their roles and competences, dental educator development has so far received little consideration. With the aim of enhancing the dental profession's contribution to the development of undergraduate dental education, this article explores common roles of educators of undergraduate dental students and the competences needed to be effective educators.MethodsThis is a discussion paper based on a wide reading of the literature on the education of health professionals with a specific focus on roles and competences of educators.Results and discussionRoles of educators of undergraduate dental students typically encompass four areas: teaching, research, administration and providing healthcare. Educators may not be involved in every role; they normally perform the roles relevant to their work contexts. Competences for dental educators based on the four main roles comprise 12 domains: educational theories and principles; modes of education; learner issues; educational materials and instructional design; assessment and feedback; curriculum matters; evaluation; educational research; educational management; quality assurance; patient care and healthcare system and professionalism. Not all competences are required by all educators although educators need to be competent in the areas related to their roles and duties.ConclusionUnderstanding the roles and competences for educators of undergraduate dental students can help individual educators to improve their personal effectiveness and institutions to tailor staff development programmes appropriate to the needs of their staff. Faculty development contributes to sustained enhancement of undergraduate dental education.
Variability of the Pacific North Equatorial Current and its implications on Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) larval migration
Authors: Hsu Ango C. , Xue Huijie , Chai Fei , Xiu Peng , Han Yu‐San 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe zonal velocity produced by a Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)‐based Pacific Ocean circulation model was validated against in situ measurements along the 137°E longitude. The Pacific model successfully reproduced the position and the shape of the North Equatorial Current (NEC) as well as the latitude of maximum surface velocity in the NEC region (8–17°N). The flow field produced by the Pacific model was then used to conduct numerical Lagrangian experiments, in which passive particles were released along a transect (142.5°E, 12.5–17°N) that traverses the known Japanese eel spawning area, and the effects of NEC strength and bifurcation latitude on the particle advection in the northwest Pacific were studied. Our results suggest that, in the 20‐yr period (1993–2012), the variability of the currents alone can cause interannual variability of one order of magnitude in the Kuroshio Entrance (KE), the percentage of particles entering the Kuroshio, the range of which varies from 43% in 1997 to 6% in 2012. The yearly‐averaged KE is not sensitive to the NEC bifurcation latitude. Instead, it is controlled by the average zonal velocity of a fixed domain (125–143°E, 13.5–17°N) and related to a recently‐developed climate index, the Philippines–Taiwan Oscillation (PTO). During the positive phase of the PTO, the zonal velocity in the domain, hence the yearly‐averaged KE, increases, and the opposite is true in the negative phase of the PTO. Considering only the trajectories, diel vertical migrations (DVM) in the top 400 m do not significantly affect Japanese eel larval transport, as incorporating DVM schemes does not increase the KE.
Information use shapes the dynamics of range expansions into environmental gradients
Authors: Fronhofer Emanuel A. , Nitsche Nicolai , Altermatt Florian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimGlobally, the geographical distributions of species are dynamic and strongly influenced by dispersal. At the same time, range dynamics feed back and may select for increased dispersal at expanding range fronts. This interplay between macroecological and evolutionary dynamics happens almost universally across environmental gradients and such gradients can have a direct impact on the fitness of organisms due to the match or mismatch between an individual's environmental optimum and the current conditions along the gradient. Importantly, gradients also provide individuals with information on environmental changes because dispersing individuals may sense whether environmental conditions improve or deteriorate. However, the ability of organisms to use this information on the environment and to subsequently adjust dispersal decisions plastically, that is, deciding to further disperse into the gradient or not, has been largely ignored and the macroecological consequences remain unclear. We here aim to demonstrate the impact of informed dispersal on the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of ranges.LocationLaboratory and theoretical.MethodsWe used individual‐based simulations and controlled experiments in replicated microcosm landscapes. Range expansions of the protist model organism Tetrahymena were tracked using video recording and analysis.ResultsWe show that information on environmental gradients had a severe impact on range dynamics and inverted the spatial distribution of population densities in comparison with controls where this information was not provided. Additionally, the use of information on gradients prevented evolutionary changes in dispersal rates and an acceleration of range expansion.Main conclusionsWe demonstrate the strong impact of informed dispersal and subsequent behavioural changes on range dynamics in environmental gradients. More generally, our findings highlight the importance of informed dispersal for spatial ecological and evolutionary dynamics.
Effects of UVB radiation on freshwater biota: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Peng Shijia , Liao Huixuan , Zhou Ting , Peng Shaolin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimStratospheric ozone depletion and simultaneous increases in UVB radiation due to human activities have the potential to affect freshwater biota. The goal of our study is to summarize the impacts of UVB on freshwater biota by comparing the differences in the general patterns, including the directions and the magnitudes of the impacts of UVB on four major freshwater taxa (phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish and amphibians). The potential driving forces for these differences are also explored.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe performed a meta‐analysis on a database consisting of 146 studies including 127 species from four taxonomic groups. We tested for the effects of taxonomic group, experimental venue, developmental stage, UVB dosage and the latitude of organism provenance.ResultsUVB had significant negative effects on freshwater biota from the molecular–cellular to individual–population levels. However, these effects were highly variable among the taxonomic groups. In general, zooplankton was the most negatively affected group, whereas fish and amphibians were less affected. As direct fitness components, survival and reproduction were the two responses most affected by UVB. The sensitivities of individuals to UVB at different developmental stages were different for the same taxon, while the stage‐dependent sensitivity patterns also differed among different taxa. Additionally, effects of different experimental venues, UVB dosages and latitudes of organism provenance on the effects of UVB were detected.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that UVB has significant negative effects on freshwater biota. We found that the effects of UVB varied among taxonomic groups, developmental stages, experimental venues, UVB dosages and latitudes of organism provenance. The variation in sensitivity among the different taxa has important implications for ecosystem responses. Given that stratospheric ozone is unlikely to recover to the levels of the 1980s in the upcoming decades, more conservation efforts should be taken to protect freshwater habitats from further damage by UVB.
Social participation, willingness and quality of life: A population‐based study among older adults in rural areas of China
Authors: He Qian , Cui Yanjie , Liang Ling , Zhong Qi , Li Jie , Li Yuancheng , Lv Xiaofeng , Huang Fen 
Published: November 2016

AimThe present study aimed to reflect the current situation of social participation in rural areas of China, willingness to participate in social activities, association between health‐related quality of life and social participation, and factors related to social participation.MethodsA total of 2644 rural adults aged 60 years and older were randomly selected and surveyed with a self‐rating questionnaire. We used the unified definition of social participation in our study. The Medical Outcomes Study Short‐Form Health Survey was used to measure health‐related quality of life.ResultsThe overall engagement of social activities was 26%. Those who participated in social activities were more likely to have high scores of health‐related quality of life. Older men with a high educational level (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.01–2.29) living alone or with a spouse (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08–2.12), high objective social support (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.17) and high support utilization (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.21) were inclined to engage in social participation. Older women with high individual income (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.25–2.43), single marital status (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.11–2.10), normal weight (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.10–3.34), overweight (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.24–4.19), living alone or with a spouse (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.20–2.00), objective social support (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04–1.18) and subjective social support (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.10–1.20) were more willing to engage in social participation.ConclusionsEngagement in social activities is relatively low in rural areas, and associations of willingness and health‐related quality of life with social participation were found. Policy‐makers and government workers should make appropriate types of encouragement policies around social participation for older adults in rural areas. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1593–1602.
No Pattern Alteration in Single Nocturnal Melatonin Secretion in Patients With Hypnic Headache: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Naegel Steffen , Huhn Jana‐Isabel , Gaul Charly , Diener Hans‐Christoph , Obermann Mark , Holle Dagny 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate headache‐related serum melatonin levels and melatonin excretion rhythmicity in patients with hypnic headache (HH).BackgroundStrict sleep dependency of headache attacks is a pathognomonic feature of HH. Changes in melatonin levels, a marker for circadian rhythm, are assumed to play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of HH.MethodsSerum melatonin levels were acquired in nine patients with HH and nine age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls over a 20‐hour time period (12 pm, 4 pm, 7 pm, 10 pm, time of headache, and 8 am).ResultsNo significant changes of melatonin levels could be detected comparing HH patients and healthy controls. Melatonin excretion rhythmicity was not significantly altered in patients with HH (Mean melatonin level in ng/mL ± SD, patients vs controls at 12 pm: 21.5 ± 9.5 vs 13.6 ± 6.3 [P = .077], 4 pm: 18.4 ± 8.4 vs 14.0 ± 4.7 [P = .222], 7 pm: 19.4 ± 5.1 vs 15.1 ± 4.5 [P = .094], 10 pm: 59.5 ± 45.0 vs 29.4 ± 12.7 [P =.136], headache time: 96.9 ± 68.3 vs 49.1 ± 22.8 [P = .94], and 8 am: 31.6 ± 18.3 vs 26.7 ± 15.6 [P = .489]).ConclusionThis study is not able to confirm a significant role of melatonin concentration changes in the pathophysiology of HH and vetoes that melatonin deficiency plays a major role in the pathophysiology of the disorder.
Diversity and specificity of sap‐feeding herbivores and their parasitoids on Australian fig trees
Authors: Fromont Caroline , DeGabriel Jane L. , Riegler Markus , Cook James M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

The ecology, diversity, and parasitoid complex of plant–sap feeding insects of the family Homotomidae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) specialised on fig trees (Ficus) have so far received little research attention. They are ecologically important, however, as occasional outbreaks of the homotomid Mycopsylla fici may cause complete defoliation of its host plant, the Moreton Bay fig (Ficus macrophylla). Mycopsylla proxima, the only other species reported from Australia, feeds on F. rubiginosa without any recorded outbreaks.

We searched for homotomids and their parasitoids on eight Ficus species on the east coast of Australia, Lord Howe Island (LHI), and in Auckland, New Zealand, and detected them on three Ficus species. Using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences, we delimited three Mycopsylla species, including a putative new species on F. watkinsiana. We also characterised six (including one previously described) parasitoid species of the genus Psyllaephagus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) based on congruent morphological characters and molecular data.

Each of the homotomid species was highly host specific to a single fig species, whereas parasitoid species varied in host specificity: three host specific to M. fici and three host generalists. Geographic distribution varied among parasitoid species; e.g. one host‐specific species was found on both the mainland and LHI, but a second species only on LHI.

Our study revealed previously unrecognised diversity in fig homotomids and especially in their parasitoids. The herbivores and parasitoids showed contrasting patterns of host specificity. Interestingly, M. fici, the only outbreak species, had the highest diversity of associated parasitoid species and was the only species with host‐specific parasitoids.
Dental attendance patterns among older people: a retrospective review of records in public and private dental care in Sweden
Authors: Derblom C , Hagman‐Gustafsson M‐L , Gabre P 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesNowadays, older people retain their natural teeth more frequently and so are at increased risk of oral disease. At the same time, discontinued contacts with dental services prevent access to preventive care and increase the risk of undetected disease. This study aims to evaluate how often older people discontinue regular dental visits and to establish the reasons.MethodsThis study is a retrospective review of records of patients aged ≥75 years from seven Swedish clinics, three in the public dental service (PuDS) and four in the private (PrDS). All patients were examined in 2010, and their dental attendance records from 2010 to 2014 studied. Data included gender, dental insurance system, last performed planned examination, emergency visits, registrations in the recall system, cause of discontinued care and number of teeth and implants.ResultsIn total, 993 records were studied, 303 in PuDS and 690 in PrDS. In both groups, 10% of patients had no complete dental examinations between 2010 and 2014 after baseline examination in 2010. One‐quarter were not registered in the recall system after their last examinations, and this was more common in PrDS than PuDS. In many cases, no reason for discontinued regular visits were described in the records. The mean number of natural teeth was 19.0 in both groups, but there were more implants in the PrDS group.ConclusionsA large proportion of the participants risked losing regular contact with dental services. Dental services appeared to lack strategies for maintaining regular dental care for elderly patients.
Failure of single‐unit restorations on root filled posterior teeth: a systematic review
Authors: Afrashtehfar K. I. , Ahmadi M. , Emami E. , Abi‐Nader S. , Tamimi F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis systematic review investigated the failure rate of conventional single‐unit restorations in root filled posterior permanent teeth. Two reviewers independently applied eligibility criteria, extracted data and assessed the quality of the evidence of each included study according to the Cochrane Collaboration's procedures for randomized control trials (RCTs) and the STROBE criteria for observational studies. The MEDLINE (via Ovid), EMBASE (via Ovid), Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register and CENTRAL (via Cochrane Library) databases were searched electronically (January 1993 to week 1, February 2015). This was complemented by an additional hand search of selected journals and the references of relevant studies. Clinical studies published on root filled single‐unit restorative treatments with a mean follow‐up period of at least 3 years were selected. The outcome measured was clinical or radiological failure. Overall, the four RCTs and the single observational study included were of low and high quality, respectively. Therefore, a meta‐analysis was not possible. The pooled mean failure rates were reported according to the type of treatment and remaining coronal tooth structure. The current evidence suggested that the failure rates of the treatments may depend on the amount of remaining tooth structure and type of treatment. Post‐retained crowns were associated with the most favourable outcome in teeth with one to two remaining coronal tooth wall(s), whereas post‐free crowns were superior when greater tooth structure was available. Restorations in teeth without ferrules had such a high rate of failure that other treatment options should be considered.