bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparación de la regresión GINI con la regresión de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y otros modelos de regresión lineal robustos
Authors: Correa Morales Juan Carlos , Florez Gloria Patricia Carmona 
Published: January 2016

En este trabajo se compara la regresión de Gini con la regresión OLS y otros métodos de regresión robustos, del tipo L (LAV, combinaciones lineales de estadísticos de orden), del tipo M (M de Huber, basado en el concepto de máxima verosimilitud) y del tipo MM (basado en la minimización de un estimador M). La comparación de los métodos se realiza vía simulación bajo diferentes escenarios. Los resultados encontrados vía simulación muestran que la regresión de Gini tiene un mayor grado de robustez en comparación con la regresíon OLS al estimar los coeficientes de regresión ante la presencia de datos atípicos, pero su robustez es menor que la de los métodos de estimación robustos LAV, M de Huber y MM
Proyección de la población universitaria utilizando el modelo Lee-Carter
Authors: Gómez Norman Diego Giraldo , Ochoa Molina Carlos 
Published: January 2016

Los problemas de la deserción estudiantil y de la permanencia prolongada en el plan de estudios son de principal interés para las directivas universitarias. Una correcta medición e interpretación son necesarias para monitoriar los efectos de diferentes políticas, cambios en los reglamentos estudiantiles, etc. implementadas con el fin de resolver ambos problemas. Para lograr esto una alternativa puede consistir en establecer un modelo estadístico para la evolución de las poblaciones universitarias a través de diferentes cohortes, que es el objetivo de este trabajo. El modelo aplicado se conoce como el modelo Lee-Carter, y puede localizarse dentro del conjunto de modelos de ``tablas de vida dinámicas'', en el área de análisis de supervivencia actuarial. En este trabajo se aplicaron dos metodologías de ajuste para el modelo. Se compararon los estimadores del modelo Lee Carter por el método original de descomposición singular y por el método de maxima verosimilitud en un modelo log-bilineal Poisson, utilizando la librería gnm de R. Aunque están disponibles otras librería como LifeMetrics e ilc, el procedimiento en gnm, para modelos no lineales generalizados parece ser el más aceptado en la actualidad. En particular, se implementó una regresión no-paramétrica Loess para el parámetros $\kappa_t$ para pronosticarlo a corto plazo, y se comparó con un modelo ARIMA(1,1,0) con tendencia (los modelos ARIMA se recomiendan en la literatura para la estimación de $\kappa_t$). En ambos casos se observó una evolución estocástica del parámetro $\kappa_t$ durante el período entre los semestres 1989-02 a 2006-01, en total 34 semestres. Con los modelos ARIMA(1,1,0) y Loess se procedió a calcular 10 pronósticos para $\kappa_t$. Con el pronóstico número 10, correspondiente a la cohorte del semestre 2011-01, se calculó la evolución futura de esta cohorte durante 17 semestres, de los cuales ya se han observado 8 al final del año 2014. Al comparar los observados con los calculados los resultados son satisfactorios y los pronósticos coinciden razonablemente con los valores observados, por lo que los restantes pronósticos son confiables. La evolución de la mortalidad durante 34 semestres (17 años) permite obtener conclusiones acerca de los cambios en la deserción y egreso de la población estudiantil, las cuales aparecen en la última sección del estudio.<br /><br />
Intervalos de confianza para valores propios en el análisis de correspondencias a partir de una muestra probabilística
Authors: Ramírez Montoya Javier , Martínez Flórez Guillermo , Guerrero Gómez Stalyn 
Published: January 2016

<p>En este trabajo se comparan los intervalos de conanza para los valores<br />propios en el análisis de correspondencia a partir de una muestra probabilística propuesto por Ramírez y Martínez [4] utilizando un diseño de muestreo probabilístico p(.) y estrategias de remuestreo como es el caso de Bootstrap</p>
A Conserved GEF for Rho-Family GTPases Acts in an EGF Signaling Pathway to Promote Sleep-like Quiescence inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Fry Amanda L , Laboy Jocelyn T , Huang Huiyan , Hart Anne C , Norman Kenneth R 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSleep is evolutionarily conserved and required for organism homeostasis and survival. Despite this importance, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sleep are not well understood. Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits sleep-like behavioral quiescence and thus provides a valuable, simple model system for the study of cellular and molecular regulators of this process. In C. elegans, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is required in the neurosecretory neuron ALA to promote sleep-like behavioral quiescence after cellular stress. We describe a novel role for VAV-1, a conserved guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rho-family GTPases, in regulation of sleep-like behavioral quiescence. VAV-1, in a GEF-dependent manner, acts in ALA to suppress locomotion and feeding during sleep-like behavioral quiescence in response to cellular stress. Additionally, VAV-1 activity is required for EGF-induced sleep-like quiescence and normal levels of EGFR and secretory dense core vesicles in ALA. Importantly, the role of VAV-1 in promoting cellular stress–induced behavioral quiescence is vital for organism health because VAV-1 is required for normal survival after cellular stress.
Context-Dependent Sensitivity to Mutations Disrupting the Structural Integrity of Individual EGF Repeats in the Mouse Notch Ligand DLL1
Authors: Schuster-Gossler Karin , Cordes Ralf , Müller Julia , Geffers Insa , Delany-Heiken Patricia , Taft Manuel , Preller Matthias , Gossler Achim 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The highly conserved Notch-signaling pathway mediates cell-to-cell communication and is pivotal for multiple developmental processes and tissue homeostasis in adult organisms. Notch receptors and their ligands are transmembrane proteins with multiple epidermal-growth-factor-like (EGF) repeats in their extracellular domains. In vitro the EGF repeats of mammalian ligands that are essential for Notch activation have been defined. However, in vivo the significance of the structural integrity of each EGF repeat in the ligand ectodomain for ligand function is still unclear. Here, we analyzed the mouse Notch ligand DLL1. We expressed DLL1 proteins with mutations disrupting disulfide bridges in each individual EGF repeat from single-copy transgenes in the HPRT locus of embryonic stem cells. In Notch transactivation assays all mutations impinged on DLL1 function and affected both NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 receptors similarly. An allelic series in mice that carried the same point mutations in endogenous Dll1, generated using a mini-gene strategy, showed that early developmental processes depending on DLL1-mediated NOTCH activation were differently sensitive to mutation of individual EGF repeats in DLL1. Notably, some mutations affected only somite patterning and resulted in vertebral column defects resembling spondylocostal dysostosis. In conclusion, the structural integrity of each individual EGF repeat in the extracellular domain of DLL1 is necessary for full DLL1 activity, and certain mutations in Dll1 might contribute to spondylocostal dysostosis in humans.
Static and Dynamic Factors Limit Chromosomal Replication Complexity inEscherichia coli, Avoiding Dangers of Runaway Overreplication
Authors: Khan Sharik R , Mahaseth Tulip , Kouzminova Elena A , Cronan Glen E , Kuzminov Andrei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe define chromosomal replication complexity (CRC) as the ratio of the copy number of the most replicated regions to that of unreplicated regions on the same chromosome. Although a typical CRC of eukaryotic or bacterial chromosomes is 2, rapidly growing Escherichia coli cells induce an extra round of replication in their chromosomes (CRC = 4). There are also E. coli mutants with stable CRC∼6. We have investigated the limits and consequences of elevated CRC in E. coli and found three limits: the “natural” CRC limit of ∼8 (cells divide more slowly); the “functional” CRC limit of ∼22 (cells divide extremely slowly); and the “tolerance” CRC limit of ∼64 (cells stop dividing). While the natural limit is likely maintained by the eclipse system spacing replication initiations, the functional limit might reflect the capacity of the chromosome segregation system, rather than dedicated mechanisms, and the tolerance limit may result from titration of limiting replication factors. Whereas recombinational repair is beneficial for cells at the natural and functional CRC limits, we show that it becomes detrimental at the tolerance CRC limit, suggesting recombinational misrepair during the runaway overreplication and giving a rationale for avoidance of the latter.
Hedgehog Signaling Strength Is Orchestrated by themir-310Cluster of MicroRNAs in Response to Diet
Authors: Çiçek Ibrahim Ömer , Karaca Samir , Brankatschk Marko , Eaton Suzanne , Urlaub Henning , Shcherbata Halyna R 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSince the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) only two decades ago, they have emerged as an essential component of the gene regulatory machinery. miRNAs have seemingly paradoxical features: a single miRNA is able to simultaneously target hundreds of genes, while its presence is mostly dispensable for animal viability under normal conditions. It is known that miRNAs act as stress response factors; however, it remains challenging to determine their relevant targets and the conditions under which they function. To address this challenge, we propose a new workflow for miRNA function analysis, by which we found that the evolutionarily young miRNA family, the mir-310s (mir-310/mir-311/mir-312/mir-313), are important regulators of Drosophila metabolic status. mir-310s-deficient animals have an abnormal diet-dependent expression profile for numerous diet-sensitive components, accumulate fats, and show various physiological defects. We found that the mir-310s simultaneously repress the production of several regulatory factors (Rab23, DHR96, and Ttk) of the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway to sharpen dietary response. As the mir-310s expression is highly dynamic and nutrition sensitive, this signal relay model helps to explain the molecular mechanism governing quick and robust Hh signaling responses to nutritional changes. Additionally, we discovered a new component of the Hh signaling pathway in Drosophila, Rab23, which cell autonomously regulates Hh ligand trafficking in the germline stem cell niche. How organisms adjust to dietary fluctuations to sustain healthy homeostasis is an intriguing research topic. These data are the first to report that miRNAs can act as executives that transduce nutritional signals to an essential signaling pathway. This suggests miRNAs as plausible therapeutic agents that can be used in combination with low calorie and cholesterol diets to manage quick and precise tissue-specific responses to nutritional changes.
Classroom Standing Desks and Sedentary Behavior: A Systematic Review
Authors: Minges Karl E. , Chao Ariana M. , Irwin Melinda L. , Owen Neville , Park Chorong , Whittemore Robin , Salmon Jo 
Published: January 2016

CONTEXT:
Reducing sedentary behaviors, or time spent sitting, is an important target for health promotion in children. Standing desks in schools may be a feasible, modifiable, and acceptable environmental strategy to this end.

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the impact of school-based standing desk interventions on sedentary behavior and physical activity, health-related outcomes, and academic and behavioral outcomes in school-aged children.

DATA SOURCES:
Ovid Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Global Health, and CINAHL.

STUDY SELECTION:
Full-text peer-reviewed journal publications written in English; samples of school-aged youth (5–18 years of age); study designs including the same participants at baseline and follow-up; and use of a standing desk as a component of the intervention.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

RESULTS:
Eight studies satisfied selection criteria and used quasi-experimental (n = 4), randomized controlled trial (n = 3), and pre–post, no control (n = 1) designs. When examined, time spent standing increased in all studies (effect sizes: 0.38–0.71), while sitting time decreased from a range of 59 to 64 minutes (effect sizes: 0.27–0.49). Some studies reported increased physical activity and energy expenditure and improved classroom behavior.

LIMITATIONS:
One-half of the studies had nonrandomized designs, and most were pilot or feasibility studies.

CONCLUSIONS:
This initial evidence supports integrating standing desks into the classroom environment; this strategy has the potential to reduce sitting time and increase standing time among elementary schoolchildren. Additional research is needed to determine the impact of standing desks on academic performance and precursors of chronic disease risk.
Provision of Preventive Dental Services in Children Enrolled in Medicaid by Nondental Providers
Authors: Arthur Tania , Rozier R. Gary 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVES:
Aims of this study are to determine (1) the association of oral health services (OHS) provided by nontraditional providers with the percentage of Medicaid children 0 to 5 years of age who receive ≥1 preventive services from all provider types in the United States; and (2) characteristics of state Medicaid policies associated with provision of OHS.

METHODS:
We conducted a time-series cross-sectional study of preventive services provided by nontraditional (OHS) and dental (PDS) providers for Medicaid-enrolled children from birth to 5 years of age in all states during 2010 to 2013 (204 observations). We applied panel data multiple regression analysis techniques to exploit year and state variation in aggregate data available in Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services reports (form CMS-416). Total preventive dental services (TPDS =OHS + PDS) was predicted by months since state enactment of a policy to reimburse medical providers for OHS.

RESULTS:
The 44 states with a policy reported 4.3% of children per state per year with any OHS. For all states, an average of 30.1% received PDS and 34.5% TPDS. The delivery of OHS was associated with a small increase in percentage with TPDS. One year of Medicaid OHS availability was associated with an increase of 1.5% in the percentage of children with TPDS per state per year.

CONCLUSIONS:
Implementation of policies by Medicaid programs to support integration of OHS into primary care is associated with increases in overallTPDS use, but efforts are needed to improve implementation in practice to achieve national impact on access.
Gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos: um estudo de caso em uma escola estadual de ensino médio em Pombal-PB
Authors: Crispim D. L. , Fernandes J. D. , Andrade S. O. , Sousa E. P. , Sales J. C. F. 
Published: January 2016

<p>Diversas cidades brasileiras apresentam dificuldades relacionadas à gestão de resíduos sólidos, em especial na coleta, transporte, tratamento e no destino final de resíduos. A deficiência na gestão dos resíduos sólidos permite que práticas inadequadas de disposição final sejam comuns, como a disposição em lugar impróprio. O estudo objetivou verificar o nível de conhecimento dos discentes da Escola E.M.M.V.F. em Pombal, PB, sobre o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de questionários semiestruturados com perguntas relacionadas ao gerenciamento desta problemática pela população. Os resultados revelaram que 67% dos participantes desta pesquisa não separam o resíduo úmido do resíduo seco, enquanto apenas 33% realizam a separação. Quanto ao destino final do resíduo gerado nas residências, 88% dos moradores expuseram que é depositado em vazadouro a céu aberto (lixão). Para amenizar o cenário que cerca a gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos é fundamental a inserção de ações de educação ambiental para organização de estratégias que possa despertar uma participação direta da população em relação a esse problema.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Management waste solid urban: a study in case school state medium teaching of Pombal-PB</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Diverse cities Brazilians feature difficulties associated to management of waste solid, in special at collect, transport, treatment and at destination finale of waste. The deficiency in the management of waste solid allows what practices inadequate of disposition finale are common, as disposition in place inappropriate. The study aimed to check the level of knowledge of students of the School EMMVF in Pombal, PB, on the management of municipal solid waste. The survey was conducted through semi-structured questionnaire with questions related to managing this problematic by the population. The results revealed that 67% of participants in this study not separate damp waste and dried, while only 33% carry out the separation. how much the final destination of the waste generated in households, 88% of residents they said what it is deposited in the open dump (landfill). For assuage the scenario the management of municipal solid waste is fundamental the inclusion of environmental education activities and organizational strategies that can awaken a direct participation of the population in relation to this issue.</p>
Una aproximación al crimen internacional de agresión
Authors: Díaz Soto José Manuel 
Published: January 2016

<p>El presente artículo expone el desarrollo del crimen de agresión en el ámbito del derecho internacional, partiendo desde sus antecedentes hasta llegar a la definición alcanzada en la ciudad de Kampala, Uganda, durante la primera Conferencia de Revisión del Estatuto de la Corte Penal Internacional, el 11 de junio de 2010. Seguidamente, de una manera detallada analiza el régimen jurídico que rodea al crimen de agresión, su naturaleza jurídica, su concordancia con los principios de legalidad y complementariedad, el tipo objetivo descrito, el umbral de gravedad y antijuridicidad del acto de agresión como fundamento de la responsabilidad penal individual, el elemento subjetivo o mens rea del crimen, la figura de la tentativa, también los mecanismos de activación de la jurisdicción de la CPI. Complementariamente, este trabajo analiza las implicaciones que tiene el consenso alcanzado en Kampala a través de la Resolución RC/Res. 6, instrumento que representa un avance significativo para el crimen de agresión en el derecho internacional aunque ha sido objeto de diversas críticas. Partiendo de este escenario, el autor toma posición con la finalidad de encontrar una aplicación correcta de la norma en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano. </p>
Ataques con ácido: desdibujado el camino entre la imputación fáctica y la imputación jurídica en el derecho penal
Authors: Acosta Zárate Laura Andrea , Medina Rico Ricardo Hernán 
Published: January 2016

<p>El presente documento tiene como propósito hacer una evaluación pormenorizada de la actual situación que ha venido presentándose en el país frente a los ataques con ácido. Se hace un recorrido por las circunstancias sociales que hoy protagonizan este flagelo, el papel de las víctimas, del Estado y en especial del Congreso y su actividad como legislador. Adicionalmente, se hace alusión a las tres figuras jurídicas que han marcado las diferentes controversias normativas y doctrinales, estableciendo cuál de ellas se adecua de manera correcta a la situación. </p>
El estándar de prueba de conocimiento más allá de duda razonable. Análisis y evaluación de la sentencia de casación 36.357 (26-10-2011) de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia
Authors: Marín Vásquez Ramiro Alonso 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este trabajo pretende mostrar que el “conocimiento más allá de duda razonable”, como estándar de prueba para adoptar una sentencia condenatoria, no es una mera expresión grandilocuente o una moda del legislador (arts. 7.º y 381 Ley 906 de 2004), sino una exigencia legal verificable y controlable, siempre y cuando los jueces y actores del sistema continúen sus estudios de profundización sobre cuestiones de lógica, epistemología y semiótica. Dicho requerimiento, en la práctica, se traduce en el entendimiento de dos limitaciones: i) el proceso penal como reconstrucción de una verdad probable y no de una certeza, y ii) que la presunción de inocencia es un requisito de contenido normativo y no un mero estado psicológico del juez. </p>
The Use of Canine Stifle Orthotics for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency
Authors: Carr Brittany Jean , Canapp Sherman O , Meilleur Stephanie , Christopher Scott A , Collins Jeffery , Cox Catherine 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess weight bearing of dogs treated for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency with a custom stifle orthotic.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) insufficiency is the most common cause of hind limb lameness in dogs. While there are numerous options for surgical management, surgery is not always an option. Recently, the use of canine stifle orthotics has also emerged as a means to non-surgically manage patients with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Evidentiary value:</strong> This is a retrospective study of ten dogs treated for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture with a stifle orthotic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records (January 2005- December 2012) of ten dogs treated for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture with a stifle orthotic were reviewed. Temporospatial gait analysis was performed using a pressure sensing walkway at baseline and 90 days or greater post orthotic placement to identify weight bearing with total pressure index % (TPI%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TPI% improved significantly by 5.1% in the affected limb when compared to baseline (<em>p</em> = 0.0020). At final gait analysis, TPI% significantly improved by 3% in the affected limb with the orthotic off when compared to the unaffected limb (<em>p</em> = 0.0020).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Custom canine stifle orthotics allow for improved weight bearing in the affected limb.</p><p><strong>Application</strong>: Custom canine stifle orthotics should be considered for cases with concurrent medical conditions or financial constraints that do not allow for surgical intervention.</p>
No Evidence That Therapeutic Systemic Corticosteroid Administration is Associated With Laminitis in Adult Horses Without Underlying Endocrine or Severe Systemic Disease.
Authors: McGowan Cathy , Cooper Daniel , Ireland Joanne 
Published: January 2016

Clinical bottom line

There is currently no conclusive evidence to support a causal association between therapeutic systemic corticosteroid administration and the development of laminitis in healthy adult horses/ponies.
There is weak evidence of an association between administration of multiple doses of systemic corticosteroid and the onset of laminitis in adult horses/ponies with underlying endocrine disorders or severe systemic disease.
Two watercolours by Edward Mayhew MRCVS
Authors: Editor Managing 
Published: January 2016

<p>Two watercolours by Edward Mayhew MRCVS, from around 1864. They are part of a collection of almost 400 illustrations acquired by the RCVS Trust in 1990. This collection will be catalogued, digitised and made available online, along with many other historic and valuable papers, as part of the RCVS Archives Project. For more information visit here: <a href="https://knowledge.rcvs.org.uk/support-us/rcvs-archives-project/">https://knowledge.rcvs.org.uk/support-us/rcvs-archives-project/</a></p><p><br />click for full size<br /><br /><a href="/index.php/ve/article/downloadSuppFile/24/21" target="_blank"><img src="/public/site/images/George/abstract-tn-1b.jpg" alt="" align="left" /></a> <a href="/index.php/ve/article/downloadSuppFile/24/22" target="_blank"><img src="/public/site/images/George/abstract-tn-2b.jpg" alt="" align="right" /></a></p>