bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival without Neurological Impairment After Complete Dislocation of the C7 Vertebral Body
Authors: Kyrylenko Mykola , Karadas Ender , Pienaar Simon-John , Fialka Christian 
Published: November 2015

Case:
We report a case of a forty-one-year-old woman who sustained a C7/T1 fracture-dislocation due to a vehicle rollover accident. Despite complete dislocation of the C7 vertebral body, no subsequent injury-related neurological deficit occurred. After the initial survey, injury evaluation with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Immediate open reduction and internal fixation included anterior plating and interbody arthrodesis from C6 to T1 with an iliac crest bone graft. The patient was discharged home ten days postoperatively. Sufficient osseous consolidation was confirmed after two months.

Conclusion:
Immediate surgical treatment in this case resulted in an excellent short-term clinical outcome. Other treatment alternatives are discussed.
Rescue N-butyl-2 cyanoacrylate embolectomy using a Solitaire FR device after venous glue migration during arteriovenous malformation embolization: technical note
Authors: Fahed Robert , Clarençon Frédéric , Sourour Nader-Antoine , Chauvet Dorian , Le Jean Lise , Chiras Jacques , Di Maria Federico 
Published: November 2015

One of the procedural risks in arteriovenous malformation (AVM) embolization is possible migration of the embolic agent into the venous drainage with an incomplete nidus occlusion, which may lead to severe hemorrhagic complications.
This report presents the case of a 29-year-old man who presented with a deep intraparenchymal hematoma on the left side secondary to the spontaneous rupture of a claustral AVM. Upon resorption of the hematoma, the patient underwent an initial therapeutic session of N-butyl-2 cyanoacrylate endovascular embolization, with the purpose of reducing the AVM volume and flow before performing Gamma Knife radiosurgery. After glue injection into one of the arterial feeders, the control angiography showed a partial migration of the glue cast into the straight sinus, with most of the nidus still visible. Because of the bleeding risk due to possible venous hypertension, it was decided to try to retrieve the glue from the vein by using a stent retriever via jugular access. This maneuver allowed a nearly complete removal of the glue cast, thereby restoring normal venous flow drainage. The patient showed no clinical worsening after the procedure.
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the use of the Solitaire FR device as a rescue glue retriever. This method should be considered by physicians in cases of unintended glue migration into the venous circulation during AVM embolization.
The SPA arrangement of the branches of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus: a correction of a longstanding misconception and a new diagram of the brachial plexus
Authors: Hanna Amgad 
Published: November 2015

OBJECT
Brachial plexus (BP) diagrams in most textbooks and papers represent the branches and divisions of the upper trunk (UT) in the following sequence from cranial to caudal: suprascapular nerve, anterior division, and then posterior division. This concept contradicts what is seen in the operating room and is noticed by most peripheral nerve surgeons. This cadaveric study was conducted to look specifically at the exact pattern of branching of the upper trunk of the BP.

METHODS
Ten cadavers (20 BPs) were dissected. Both supra- and infraclavicular exposures were performed. The clavicle was retracted or resected to identify the divisions of the BP. A posterior approach was used in 2 cases.

RESULTS
In all dissections the origin of the posterior division was in a more cranial and dorsal plane in relation to the anterior division. In most dissections the supra scapular nerve branched off distally from the UT, giving it the appearance of a trifurcation, taking off just cranial and dorsal to the posterior division. The branching pattern of the UT consistently had the following sequential arrangement from cranial and posterior to caudal and anterior: suprascapular nerve (S), posterior division (P), and anterior division (A), hence the acronym SPA.

CONCLUSIONS
Supraclavicular exposure of the BP exposes only the trunks and divisions. Recognizing the “SPA” arrangement of the branches helps in identifying the correct targets for neurotization, especially given that these 3 branches are the most common targets for BP repair. Understanding the anatomy means better surgical planning and better patient outcomes.
The Trouble with Bromine: Health and Environmental Impacts of Organobromine Compounds
Authors: Rae Ian D. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The bromine atom was a definitive constituent of a number of industrial chemicals that were produced in very large quantities and performed useful functions in society until unexpected environmental impacts emerged and international actions were taken to curb their effects. Change was slow in coming because it took roughly half a century for awareness to bring about change. Ethylene dibromide was a fuel additive that removed lead deposits from internal combustion engines using the octane enhancer tetraethyl lead. However, while bromine protected the engine, it released the lead into the environment, damaging the health of urban populations. Methyl bromide was the preeminent agricultural fumigant and bromofluoro-compounds were leading fire suppressants until they were phased out under the Montreal Protocol to protect the ozone layer. Brominated flame retardants leaked out of plastic materials and migrated to cold regions, where they bioaccumulated along food chains and affected the development of birds and marine mammals. The worst offenders have now been banned under the Stockholm Convention. Industrial chemists have responded to these unexpected environmental impacts, which are examples of Rumsfeld's 'unknown unknowns', by creating safer but still effective alternatives. Continued environmental monitoring is needed to guard against more 'surprises'.
Water and Food Security in the Arab Countries: National and Regional Implications
Authors: Ferragina Eugenia , Canitano Giovanni 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Water and food security issues appear to be of particular concern for Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries where natural resources are under climate and population stress. The paper intends to analyse water and food security issues in the SEMCs and their domestic and regional implications. The water-food nexus explains how water consumption is strictly linked to the production, consumption and trading system of agro-food products. The trade liberalisation process imposed by the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) has fostered a specialisation in highly water-intensive agricultural products, such as fruit and vegetables. The dependence on imports for basic foodstuffs related to this production pattern make SEMCs particularly vulnerable to price fluctuation on international markets, and this situation had particular political repercussions during the global food crisis of 2008 and 2011, somehow contributing to the outburst of the Arab Spring. Water and food security are here explored in a geopolitical dimension. Demographic pressure and climatic hazards, in recent years, have strongly undermined water and food security in the region, creating the conditions for ever-stronger competition for water and land. The paper intends to present some competition scenarios relating to both large international water basins and fossil water aquifers shared by various countries; and it also discusses another important driver of change in SEMCs: the explosion of land deals (land grabbing). Facing global challenges - climatic change, demographic growth, human pressure over natural resources, global food crisis, competition over land and water - it is vital for SEMCs to improve water and food security, developing a new 'green revolution' able to restore the capacity of land and water in order to regenerate their service over time, and creating the conditions for a long-term resilient agriculture.
Technical Solutions to Avoid Water Conflicts: The Red Sea-Dead Sea Canal Project
Authors: Quagliarotti Desirée A.L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
On 9 December 2013, Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Authority signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) at the World Bank Headquarters in Washington. This deal aims to develop a desalination plant in Aqaba, Jordan's port on the Red Sea in order to produce water which will be shared between Israel and Jordan. The project can be considered as a 'pilot scheme', or even as the first stage, of a potential Red-Dead project to test the environmental impact of adding a mix of the Red Sea water and desalination byproduct to the Dead Sea.
This article aims to describe the Red Sea-Dead Sea Conveyance Project (RSDSCP), considering the ongoing debate about its possible environmental impacts and trying to identify the real goals that are driving interested parties to undertake so costly and risky a mega-project. To do so, it is necessary to consider the hydrological characteristics of the region and, above all, to take a step back in history to reconstruct the hydropolitical processes that have taken place since the defeat of the Ottoman Empire during the World War I. Possible alternatives to the project that could be more efficient from a socio-economic and environmental point of view will also be outlined.
'Go after a man-eater that has killed a hundred people? Not on your life!'
Authors: Mandala Vijaya Ramadas 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper offers a series of reflections on the life and work of Jim Corbett, the well-known hunter and conservationist in colonial India. As I show, Corbett emerged as a unique individual in colonial India, who, despite being an integral part of the British colonial establishment, held another set of views when it came to conservation. Unlike other colonial hunters in India, what distinguished Corbett was his relationship to the local populace and to tigers which points to the quintessential paradox of hunting and conservation that emerged in early-twentieth century India. For Jim Corbett, as this paper argues, conservation was not so much an abstract idea or concept, but an extension of his own persona, an individualised take on his immediate environment. As such his persona introduces interesting inflections into any simplistic binary of coloniser and colonised, powerful and feeble, hunter and hunted - thus presenting Corbett in a different light than that which the prevailing discourse on hunting and conservation would shed. Corbett's role was unusual, not only in that he substituted the camera for the gun, but also in his localised approach, and in his conservation cause, which evinces respect for tigers. Despite such caveats, this paper argues that Corbett remained a staunch loyalist to the Raj.
Leaving Lohāchāra: On circuits of emplacement and displacement in the Ganges Delta
Authors: Harms Arne 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this paper I focus on the disappearance of the small island of Lohācharā. Once situated in the Indian part of the Ganges Delta, the island fell prey to drawn-out processes of coastal erosion. Later it rose to fame as being the sunken home to India’s – or the world’s – very first climate refugees. Based on fieldwork among displaced and resettled islanders, I engage with the past of the island and its inhabitants. In doing this I show that the displacements resulting from the island’s erosion do not mark a singular moment of victimisation or loss, but are better to be understood as instances in a broader pattern of repeated losses, enforced mobilities and arrivals. I call this a circuit of displacement and emplacement. Framing an overall sense of the past among islanders, it also helps to understand the experience of erosions itself. The latter translated into multiple displacements by islanders-turned-squatters who had to move repeatedly with the receding coastline.
While many islanders managed to secure resettlements on a nearby island, the sense of instability associated with repeated losses continued to permeate the present. I show that islanders’ fear of new rounds of erosion is great, as is the widespread mistrust. The newly emplaced lands emerge thus as endangered either by hazardous waters or by volatile party politics.
While the sinking of Lohācharā is certainly not reducible to climate change, it helps to critically engage with the role of islands within current debates surrounding it. I argue that the recent preoccupation of climate change debates with small island states overshadows the suffering entailed in the sinking of marginal islands elsewhere. Moving through a set of glimpses into pasts not forgotten, I conclude that the point is not whether the territory of a state is threatened, but rather how threatened the state of the citizenship is among islanders.
Invasive species as 'natural hazards' in small island geographical and historical contexts
Authors: Mathewson Kent 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Although the role of invasive species in altering the environment in small island contexts is a well-recognised problem and topic in environmental history, including viewing invasive species as ‘natural hazards’, studies have been primarily focused on single islands or associated groups of islands, and usually within the scope of the past few centuries, or since the global expansion of European colonialism. In this paper, I expand the time frame to include pre-modern patterns and processes of human-abetted species invasion in small island contexts.
Vesicles from different Trypanosoma cruzi strains trigger differential innate and chronic immune responses
Authors: Nogueira Paula M. , Ribeiro Kleber , Silveira Amanda C. O. , Campos João H. , Martins‐Filho Olindo A. , Bela Samantha R. , Campos Marco A. , Pessoa Natalia L. , Colli Walter , Alves Maria J. M. , Soares Rodrigo P. , Torrecilhas Ana Claudia 
Published: November 2015

Trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas Disease, shed extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched with glycoproteins of the gp85/trans‐sialidase (TS) superfamily and other α‐galactosyl (α‐Gal)‐containing glycoconjugates, such as mucins. Here, purified vesicles from T. cruzi strains (Y, Colombiana, CL‐14 and YuYu) were quantified according to size, intensity and concentration. Qualitative analysis revealed differences in their protein and α‐galactosyl contents. Later, those polymorphisms were evaluated in the modulation of immune responses (innate and in the chronic phase) in C57BL/6 mice. EVs isolated from YuYu and CL‐14 strains induced in macrophages higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐6) and nitric oxide via TLR2. In general, no differences were observed in MAPKs activation (p38, JNK and ERK 1/2) after EVs stimulation. In splenic cells derived from chronically infected mice, a different modulation pattern was observed, where Colombiana (followed by Y strain) EVs were more proinflammatory. This modulation was independent of the T. cruzi strain used in the mice infection. To test the functional importance of this modulation, the expression of intracellular cytokines after in vitro exposure was evaluated using EVs from YuYu and Colombiana strains. Both EVs induced cytokine production with the appearance of IL‐10 in the chronically infected mice. A high frequency of IL‐10 in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes was observed. A mixed profile of cytokine induction was observed in B cells with the production of TNF‐α and IL‐10. Finally, dendritic cells produced TNF‐α after stimulation with EVs. Polymorphisms in the vesicles surface may be determinant in the immunopathologic events not only in the early steps of infection but also in the chronic phase.
Uma discussão espacial a partir das cartografias sociais e a representação de territorialidades específicas
Authors: Varella Marcelo Cunha , Duarte Letícia Ayumi , Martins Pedro 
Published: November 2015

<div>Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma análise dos fascículos do “Projeto Nova Cartografia Social </div><div>dos Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais do Brasil”, disponíveis no seu sítio oficial. Toma-se como </div><div>referência os conceitos de conflito territorial, territorialidade específica, espaço social e populações </div><div>tradicionais. Para atender ao objetivo traçado, foram analisados os treze fascículos do projeto </div><div>disponibilizados no sítio oficial, observando-se o contexto no qual foram desenvolvidos, bem como a </div><div>estrutura das informações das comunidades mapeadas. Além disso, visando obter maior proximidade </div><div>com o processo de construção dos fascículos, foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada com um dos </div><div>responsáveis pela produção do fascículo 9. Conclui-se que as territorialidades específicas </div><div>representadas nos mapas demonstram bem o seu conteúdo, mas não suas formas, e essa ausência da </div><div>representação dos limites físicos impede o uso dos mapas em processos legais. Além disso, a não </div><div>representação das territorialidades específicas induz à falsa ideia de vazios demográficos.</div>
O desenvolvimento local e a sustentabilidade da associação de catadores de materiais recicláveis de Colombo (RESOL)
Authors: Oliveira Elgson Decarle de , Casagrande Jr. Eloy F. 
Published: November 2015

<div>Este artigo aborda alguns trabalhos realizados pela Associação de Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis </div><div>de Colombo (RESOL) quanto ao desenvolvimento local para a geração de trabalho e renda. A partir de </div><div>um novo cenário gerado por um projeto de apoio aos empreendimentos organizados em Associações e </div><div>Cooperativas de Catadores, oriundo de políticas públicas do governo federal para o incentivo à </div><div>reciclagem de resíduos, por meio da Fundação Nacional de Saúde (FUNASA), foram realizados </div><div>investimentos em infraestrutura na RESOL. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e analisar o </div><div>aumento de renda e postos de trabalho na RESOL a partir dos novos recursos. Trata-se de um estudo </div><div>desenvolvido por metodologia qualitativa, com aplicação de entrevista semiestruturada e observação </div><div>em campo durante três anos, corroborando na confirmação dos resultados. Após a implementação dos </div><div>novos recursos ocorreu: aumento de 285% na renda dos associados, aumento de 80% na geração de </div><div>novos postos de trabalho e evolução de 276,80% na quantidade de material reciclado, e que, portanto, </div><div>não foi descartado em lixões a céu aberto e aterros sanitários. O investimento público propiciou </div><div>melhoria na efetividade administrativa e operacional do Empreendimento de Economia Solidária </div><div>representada pela Associação de Catadores, e tais resultados podem fortalecer o processo de </div><div>sustentabilidade socioeconômica e ambiental da comunidade local.</div>
Vivre en travaillant. L’expérience de la société coopérative « Ardelaine » à Saint-Pierreville
Authors: Bourdeau Vincent , Jarrige François 
Published: November 2015

En Ardèche, à la sortie du petit village de Saint-Pierreville, se trouve la coopérative Ardelaine : niché en fond de vallon, près d’une rivière, le lieu s’apparente à un étagement de beaux bâtiments colorés, soigneusement restaurés depuis plus de 30 ans : un restaurant, une boutique, une fabrique, un café-librairie, des ateliers, se jouxtent dans cet espace accueillant. À la terrasse du café, accompagné par le son d’une guitare grattée par un voyageur de passage, nous avons rencontré les fondateurs de la coopérative, Béatrice et Gérard Barras qui, en 1972, étaient tombés en arrêt devant cette filature de laine, la dernière d’Ardèche, dont l’activité avait cessé depuis le début des années 1960. Ardelaine, c’est aujourd’hui près de 50 salariés, une multitude d’activités (fabrication de matelas et couettes, activités d’origine, mais aussi un musée, un café-librairie, un restaurant et, depuis 1986, une extension dans la banlieue de Valence, où Ardelaine a installé ses ateliers de confection de vêtements au cœur de la ZUP). Et cela toujours avec l’esprit des origines : l’envie de vivre au pays, de renouveler la philosophie du développement local sous la forme d’une coopérative de territoire.
Célébrer les princes. Villes et retentissement populaire des destinées royales à Lille, Douai et Cambrai (1765-1791)
Authors: Massy Laurenne 
Published: November 2015

L’étude de la célébration des princes et des cérémonies royales peut-elle encore apporter quelque chose à l’historien ? Grâce à l’examen de ces dernières, il s’agit d’étudier à la fois la célébration de ces événements et leur réception. Mais aussi de s’interroger sur le lien entre le roi et ses sujets septentrionaux dans les dernières décennies du xviii e siècle. Si toutes ces cérémonies gardent entre elles des traits communs, elles paraissent se distinguer selon différents critères, que sont par exemple le sexe et la place du célébré dans la famille royale. Ces événements ne sont pas figés, comme l’illustre l’attention portée au respect de l’ordre public et aux questions financières liées à leur élaboration. L’évolution du lien affectif et politique reliant le roi à son peuple révèle que la famille royale ne cesse pas d’être célébrée en 1789, mais qu’elle est fêtée différemment . En témoigne la célébration de Louis XVI comme père de la Nation, jusqu’à son arrestation à Varennes. Il faudra attendre le xix e siècle et la Restauration pour que de nouveaux hommages, d’une nature bien différente, soient rendus dans ces villes à la famille royale.
S100A8 Production in CXCR2-Expressing CD11b+Gr-1high Cells Aggravates Hepatitis in Mice Fed a High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet
Authors: Mukai Kaori , Miyagi Takuya , Nishio Kumiko , Yokoyama Yoshinobu , Yoshioka Teppei , Saito Yoshinobu , Tanaka Satoshi , Shigekawa Minoru , Nawa Takatoshi , Hikita Hayato , Sakamori Ryotaro , Yoshihara Harumasa , Imai Yasuharu , Hiramatsu Naoki , Tatsumi Tomohide , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease with a spectrum of presentations. S100A8 has been suggested to play a pivotal role as an endogenous immune-activator in inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the involvement of S100A8 in the development of NAFLD. We used a diet model of NAFLD, in which mice were fed either a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD) or a normal diet (ND) as a control. We also assessed liver tissues from patients with NAFLD, including patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). HFHCD-fed mice, but not ND-fed mice, developed steatohepatitis. S100A8 expression was significantly elevated in the livers of HFHCD-fed mice compared with the controls. S100A8 was exclusively expressed in CXCR2-expressing CD11b+Gr-1high cells, which significantly increased in the livers of HFHCD-fed mice. These cells were F4/80 negative and did not possess a suppressor function. TNF-α expression was enhanced by S100A8 in primary liver leukocytes or a hepatocyte cell line and significantly elevated in the livers of HFHCD-fed mice. TNF-α was primarily produced from CD11b+F4/80+ cells in liver leukocytes in response to S100A8. TNF-α deficiency attenuated hepatitis in HFHCD-fed mice. S100A8 was significantly more expressed in the liver tissues of patients with NASH than in those of patients with NAFL. In conclusion, these results suggest that S100A8 is primarily produced from CXCR2-expressing CD11b+Gr-1high cells, and it upregulates TNF-α production in CD11b+F4/80+ cells through cellular cross-talk, which is an important mechanism in the development of NAFLD.