bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
8 The “Poxed” and the “Pure”: A Bioarchaeological Investigation of Community and Marginalization Relative to Infection with Acquired Syphilis in Post‐Medieval London
Authors: Zuckerman Molly K. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThis research evaluates mortuary evidence from post‐medieval burials (N = 823), including 5 with evidence of acquired syphilis, e.g., “the pox,” from four London cemeteries to determine if the strong social stigma and community exclusion associated with this disease during life continued in death. Mortuary context of skeletons evidencing syphilis was assessed against those without, but no evidence of non‐normative burial was detected. However, this may be less reflective of the effects of stigma than pervasive poverty, an intense pressure to efficiently bury large numbers of dead during the high mortality early industrial era, and social pressure to have a normative burial.
Feelings of indebtedness and guilt toward donor and immunosuppressive medication adherence among heart transplant (HTx) patients, as assessed in a cross‐sectional study with the Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale (BAASIS)
Authors: Shemesh Yedida , Peles‐Bortz Anat , Peled Yael , HarZahav Yedael , Lavee Jacob , Freimark Dov , Melnikov Semyon 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundNonadherence (NA) to immunosuppressive (IS) medications after organ transplant is a major risk factor for transplant failure, morbidity, and treatment costs. This study examined the association between feelings of indebtedness and guilt toward the donor, and IS medication adherence among HTx patients.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional, descriptive, correlational study, a convenience sample of 102 HTx patients, from the outpatient facility of a tertiary medical center in Israel, completed the BAASIS, a validated instrument for assessing adherence, and reported their feelings of indebtedness and guilt toward the donor.ResultsFor the dimensions of taking and timing, as well as the occurrence of drug holidays, dose reduction and discontinuation, the non‐adherence levels were 35.0%, 56.9%, 11.0%, 5.9% and 3%, respectively. The overall non‐adherence characterized 64 patients (64%). Age, waiting time, and time since transplant, guilt feelings, and indebtedness to donor explained 17% (R2=.17) of the variance in adherence (χ2
(5)=13.22, P=.021), with age, time since transplant, and guilt feelings significantly explaining adherence.ConclusionPhysicians and nurses should inquire about the presence of guilt feelings, as they might be associated with NA to medications after HTx. [Correction added on 22 June 2022, after first online publication: correction made in “Results” section.]
Management of equine ataxia caused by cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy: A European perspective 2010–2015
Authors: Szklarz M. , Skalec A. , Kirstein K. , Janeczek M. , Kasparek M. , Kasparek A. , Waselau M. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe diagnosis and therapy of cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM) are challenging and have been most frequently described in racehorses. We aimed to analyseCVSMcases presented for diagnostic work‐up and treatment in a nonracing horse population. We hypothesised that our diagnostic work‐up protocol including clinical/orthopaedic/neurological/radiographic and myelographic examinations may provide practical reference points for in vivo diagnosis/prognosis and adequateCVSMmanagement. Medical records from 2010 to 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Cases were included if our standardised work‐up protocol was followed, there was no evidence of any infectious diseases causing the neurological signs, and native cervical radiographs and myelograms confirmedCVSM. Age/breed/sex/type of performance/degree of neurological deficits and number/sites/quality/therapy of stenosis were recorded. Sixty‐two horses met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the horses were aged 5–10 years (44%) or >10 years (35%); nine horses (15%) were 1–4 years and four <1 year (6%) old. Forty‐six horses were Warmbloods (73%), 10 ponies (16%) and six of other breeds (11%). Males were more affected (69%) than females (31%). Sixty‐one percent were pleasure‐horses, 26% were sport‐horses and no information was available for 13%. Most cases presented with mild–moderate neurological signs (grade 2/5 = 18%, grade 2–3/5 = 31%). On myelograms, 23 horses (37%) had single‐level, 22 (35%) had double‐level, and eight (13%) triple‐level stenosis, while nine cases (15%) did not have stenosis. Fifty horses (55%) showed dynamic and 41 (45%) static stenosis. Dynamic stenosis was more common (46%) than static (29%) stenosis and/or combined stenosis (25%). Stenoses were more frequently observed in the mid‐to‐caudal vertebrae. Static stenoses tended to be located more caudally. Based on our protocol, 15% of horses were subjected to euthanasia without therapy, 62% treated conservatively and 23% underwent cervical ventral interbody fusion. In conclusion, our diagnostic work‐up protocol provided practical reference points for in vivo diagnosis/prognosis and adequate management ofCVSMin a nonracing horse population.
Research Review: Harnessing the power of individual participant data in a meta‐analysis of the benefits and harms of the Incredible Years parenting program
Authors: Leijten Patty , Gardner Frances , Landau Sabine , Harris Victoria , Mann Joanna , Hutchings Judy , Beecham Jennifer , Bonin Eva‐Maria , Scott Stephen 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundParenting programs aim to reduce children's conduct problems through improvement of family dynamics. To date, research on the precise benefits and possible harms of parenting programs on family well‐being has been unsystematic and likely to be subject to selective outcome reporting and publication bias. Better understanding of program benefits and harms requires full disclosure by researchers of all included measures, and large enough numbers of participants to be able to detect small effects and estimate them precisely.MethodsWe obtained individual participant data for 14 of 15 randomized controlled trials on the Incredible Years parenting program in Europe (total N = 1,799). We used multilevel modeling to estimate program effects on 13 parent‐reported outcomes, including parenting practices, children's mental health, and parental mental health.ResultsParental use of praise, corporal punishment, threats, and shouting improved, while parental use of tangible rewards, monitoring, or laxness did not. Children's conduct problems and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms improved, while emotional problems did not. Parental mental health (depressive symptoms, self‐efficacy, and stress) did not improve. There was no evidence of harmful effects.ConclusionsThe Incredible Years parenting program improves the aspects of family well‐being that it is primarily designed to improve: parenting and children's conduct problems. It also improves parent‐reported ADHD symptoms in children. Wider benefits are limited: the program does not improve children's emotional problems or parental mental health. There are no signs of harm on any of the target outcomes.
Postoperative bleeding risk after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection during antithrombotic drug therapy
Authors: Kono Yoshiyasu , Obayashi Yuka , Baba Yuki , Sakae Hiroyuki , Gotoda Tatsuhiro , Miura Ko , Kanzaki Hiromitsu , Iwamuro Masaya , Kawano Seiji , Kawahara Yoshiro , Tanaka Takehiro , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground and AimThe safety of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the antithrombotic drug users remains controversial.MethodsPatients who underwent gastric ESD at Okayama University Hospital between March 2006 and February 2016 were enrolled. This study investigated the risk of post‐ESD bleeding according to the management of the antithrombotic drugs.ResultsOne thousand twenty lesions (872 patients) were enrolled. In a multivariate analysis, heparin replacement (odds ratio [OR] 5.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8–14), multiple antithrombotic drug use (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–6.9), a resected specimen of ≥ 33 mm in diameter (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.5–5.4), Helicobacter pylori negativity (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3–3.7), and tumors located in the lower third of the stomach (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0–2.9) were significant risk factors for post‐ESD bleeding, while the continuation of aspirin or cilostazol was not (OR 2.6, 95% CI 0.72–7.8). The bleeding rate of the continuation group was comparable with that of the all cessation group among single antithrombotic drug users (4.5% vs 4.4%, P = 1.0); however, the rate of the continuation group was significantly higher than that of the all cessation group among multiple antithrombotic drug users (67% vs 15%, P = 0.020).ConclusionsThe risk of post‐ESD bleeding differed according to the management of the antithrombotic drugs. The gastric ESD under the cessation or continuation of aspirin or cilostazol monotherapy was acceptable. However, multiple antithrombotic drug use or heparin replacement was associated with a higher risk of post‐ESD bleeding.
The Global Transformation: Critical reflections on the historical sociology of the long nineteenth century
Authors: Cooper Luke 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGeorge Lawson and Barry Buzan's The Global Transformation advances the claim that International Relations (IR) has mistakenly overlooked the Long Nineteenth Century as a transformative era. They argue this period saw a shift in the mode of power, i.e. how power was utilised and expressed, and not merely a change in how it was distributed amongst competing political entities. The following offers a sympathetic critique of their theoretical claims. Highlighting the role of geopolitics and the societal changes of the public sphere, the article argues that the historical sociological method utilised by these authors is ‘neither realist nor liberal enough’.
A sense of scale: Foraging cetaceans' use of scale‐dependent multimodal sensory systems
Authors: Torres Leigh G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractResearch on cetacean foraging ecology is central to our understanding of their spatial and behavioral ecology. Yet, functional mechanisms by which cetaceans detect prey across different scales remain unclear. Here, I postulate that cetaceans utilize a scale‐dependent, multimodal sensory system to assess and increase prey encounters. I review the literature on cetacean sensory systems related to foraging ecology, and hypothesize the effective scales of each sensory modality to inform foraging opportunities. Next, I build two “scale‐of‐senses” schematics for the general groups of dolphins and baleen whales. These schematics illustrate the hypothetical interchange of sensory modalities used to locate and discriminate prey at spatial scales ranging from 0 m to 1,000 km: (1) vision, (2) audition (sound production and sound reception), (3) chemoreception, (4) magnetoreception, and somatosensory perception of (5) prey, or (6) oceanographic stimuli. The schematics illustrate how a cetacean may integrate sensory modalities to form an adaptive foraging landscape as a function of distance to prey. The scale‐of‐senses schematic is flexible, allowing for case‐specific application and enhancement with improved cetacean sensory data. The framework serves to improve our understanding of functional cetacean foraging ecology, and to develop new hypotheses, methods, and results regarding how cetaceans forage at multiple scales.
Down‐regulation of genes coding for core RNAi components and disease resistance proteins via corresponding microRNAs might be correlated with successful Soybean mosaic virus infection in soybean
Authors: Bao Duran , Ganbaatar Oyunchuluun , Cui Xiuqi , Yu Ruonan , Bao Wenhua , Falk Bryce W. , Wuriyanghan Hada 
Published: July 2017

SummaryPlants protect themselves from virus infections by several different defence mechanisms. RNA interference (RNAi) is one prominent antiviral mechanism, which requires the participation of AGO (Argonaute) and Dicer/DCL (Dicer‐like) proteins. Effector‐triggered immunity (ETI) is an antiviral mechanism mediated by resistance (R) genes, most of which encode nucleotide‐binding site‐leucine‐rich repeat (NBS‐LRR) family proteins. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in plants, including the regulation of host defences. Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the most common virus in soybean and, in this work, we identified dozens of SMV‐responsive miRNAs by microarray analysis in an SMV‐susceptible soybean line. Amongst the up‐regulated miRNAs, miR168a, miR403a, miR162b and miR1515a predictively regulate the expression of AGO1, AGO2, DCL1 and DCL2, respectively, and miR1507a, miR1507c and miR482a putatively regulate the expression of several NBS‐LRR family disease resistance genes. The regulation of target gene expression by these seven miRNAs was validated by both transient expression assays and RNA ligase‐mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM‐RACE) experiments. Transcript levels for AGO1, DCL1, DCL2 and five NBS‐LRR family genes were repressed at different time points after SMV infection, whereas the corresponding miRNA levels were up‐regulated at these same time points. Furthermore, inhibition of miR1507a, miR1507c, miR482a, miR168a and miR1515a by short tandem target mimic (STTM) technology compromised SMV infection efficiency in soybean. Our results imply that SMV can counteract soybean defence responses by the down‐regulation of several RNAi pathway genes and NBS‐LRR family resistance genes via the induction of the accumulation of their corresponding miRNA levels.
The effect of mirtazapine on gastric accommodation, gastric sensitivity to distention, and nutrient tolerance in healthy subjects
Authors: Carbone F. , Vanuytsel T. , Tack J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundDisturbances of gastric motor function of functional dyspepsia (FD) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the symptoms, and hence, motility modifying agents are considered for its treatment. Mirtazapine was recently shown to improve symptoms and increase nutrient tolerance in FD patients with weight loss. We aim to evaluate the effect of mirtazapine on gastric sensorimotor function in healthy volunteers (HV).MethodsThirty‐one HV underwent an intragastric pressure (IGP) and barostat measurements on separate days before and after 3 weeks of placebo or mirtazapine (15 mg). Gastric compliance, sensitivity and accommodation (GA) measured by the barostat. GA was quantitated as the difference (delta) in intra‐balloon volume before and after ingestion of 200 mL of a nutrient drink (ND). GA measured by IGP was quantitated as the drop of IGP from baseline during the intragastric infusion of ND until maximal satiation.Key ResultsMirtazapine significantly increased the bodyweight of subjects (67.8±3.7 to 69.1±3.7 kg; P=.01). Barostat results showed no effect on gastric compliance, sensitivity, and GA. Nutrient tolerance was not affected after treatment (1170±129.4 vs 1104±133.6 kcal; P=.4), and mirtazapine was associated with lower symptom ratings. The IGP drop during meal ingestion was significantly suppressed (area under the curve: −43.3±4.5 mm Hg vs −28.9±3.1 mm Hg; P=.005).Conclusions & InferencesIn HVs, the occurrence of weight gain and decreased meal‐induced symptoms in spite of a suppressed meal‐induced IGP drop, point towards a central mode of action. Mirtazapine does not display changes in gastric sensorimotor function that could explain its beneficial effects on symptoms and nutrient tolerance in FD.
Effects of Combined Lysosomal and Mitochondrial Photodamage in a Non‐small‐Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line: The Role of Paraptosis
Authors: Kessel David , Reiners John J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe previously reported that a low level of lysosomal photodamage potentiated the phototoxic effect of subsequent mitochondrial photodamage mediated by the benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) in murine hepatoma 1c1c7 cells. This was attributed to release of Ca2+ from damaged lysosomes and a calpain‐mediated conversion of the autophagy‐related protein ATG5 to a pro‐apoptotic fragment. We now report a comparison of these results with those obtained with the human non‐small‐cell lung cancer A549 cell line. A549 cells contained lower levels of ATG5 and were less responsive than 1c1c7 cultures to the PDT combination. A rapid appearance of caspase 3/7 activation together with formation of condensed chromatin indicated initiation of apoptosis in both cell lines, but to a lesser extent in A549 cultures. Both cell lines became highly vacuolated within 16 h of combination PDT or an equivalent phototoxic dose from BPD alone. The vacuole periphery was labeled with a fluorescent probe for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and vacuole formation was prevented by presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. These effects are characteristics of a caspase‐independent death mode termed paraptosis previously associated with ER stress. These studies suggest that paraptosis may be a more frequent outcome of PDT than has hitherto been realized.
International diffusion of regulatory governance: EU actorness in public procurement
Authors: Ladi Stella , Tsarouhas Dimitris 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper attempts to go beyond actor‐centered explanations of the European Union's (EU) presence in regulatory politics by examining the role of the EU in the diffusion of regulatory norms and practices. We explore the international diffusion of public procurement policy, to which multiple organizations and especially the EU and the World Trade Organization have made an active contribution. Using the “opportunity‐presence‐capability” scheme, we argue that the EU is actively co‐shaping the global agenda on public procurement, mainly as a result of the “opportunity” and “presence” dimensions of its global actorness and its role in the horizontal diffusion of public procurement regulations between international organizations. For “EU as a global actor” literature to offer valuable explanations, an in‐depth analysis of its relationship with other international organizations, such as the World Trade Organization, reveals significant interactions and the co‐shaping of policy agendas.
Community‐Driven Hypothesis Testing: A Solution for the Tragedy of the Anticommons
Authors: Palma‐Oliveira José Manuel , Trump Benjamin D. , Wood Matthew D. , Linkov Igor 
Published: July 2017

AbstractShared ownership of property and resources is a longstanding challenge throughout history that has been amplifying with the increasing development of industrial and postindustrial societies. Where governments, project planners, and commercial developers seek to develop new infrastructure, industrial projects, and various other land‐and resource‐intensive tasks, veto power shared by various local stakeholders can complicate or halt progress. Risk communication has been used as an attempt to address stakeholder concerns in these contexts, but has demonstrated shortcomings. These coordination failures between project planners and stakeholders can be described as a specific kind of social dilemma that we describe as the “tragedy of the anticommons.” To overcome such dilemmas, we demonstrate how a two‐step process can directly address public mistrust of project planners and public perceptions of limited decision‐making authority. This approach is examined via two separate empirical field experiments in Portugal and Tunisia, where public resistance and anticommons problems threatened to derail emerging industrial projects. In both applications, an intervention is undertaken to address initial public resistance to such projects, where specific public stakeholders and project sponsors collectively engaged in a hypothesis‐testing process to identify and assess human and environmental health risks associated with proposed industrial facilities. These field experiments indicate that a rigorous attempt to address public mistrust and perceptions of power imbalances and change the pay‐off structure of the given dilemma may help overcome such anticommons problems in specific cases, and may potentially generate enthusiasm and support for such projects by local publics moving forward.
An Expert Elicitation of the Proliferation Resistance of Using Small Modular Reactors (SMR) for the Expansion of Civilian Nuclear Systems
Authors: Siegel Jonas , Gilmore Elisabeth A. , Gallagher Nancy , Fetter Steve 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo facilitate the use of nuclear energy globally, small modular reactors (SMRs) may represent a viable alternative or complement to large reactor designs. One potential benefit is that SMRs could allow for more proliferation resistant designs, manufacturing arrangements, and fuel‐cycle practices at widespread deployment. However, there is limited work evaluating the proliferation resistance of SMRs, and existing proliferation assessment approaches are not well suited for these novel arrangements. Here, we conduct an expert elicitation of the relative proliferation resistance of scenarios for future nuclear energy deployment driven by Generation III+ light‐water reactors, fast reactors, or SMRs. Specifically, we construct the scenarios to investigate relevant technical and institutional features that are postulated to enhance the proliferation resistance of SMRs. The experts do not consistently judge the scenario with SMRs to have greater overall proliferation resistance than scenarios that rely on conventional nuclear energy generation options. Further, the experts disagreed on whether incorporating a long‐lifetime sealed core into an SMR design would strengthen or weaken proliferation resistance. However, regardless of the type of reactor, the experts judged that proliferation resistance would be enhanced by improving international safeguards and operating several multinational fuel‐cycle facilities rather than supporting many more national facilities.
Mapping the Organisational Forms of Networks of Alternative Food Networks: Implications for Transition
Authors: Duncan Jessica , Pascucci Stefano 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn response to the failures of the dominant agro‐food regime multiple practices for transition towards more environmentally and socially sustainable food systems have been proposed and put into practice by Alternative Food Networks (AFNs). To advance societal transitions, some AFNs have employed a strategy of developing broader networks. These network of networks, take various forms. To date, the ways in which networks of AFNs organise remains understudied, yet how they organise is likely to influence the transition pathways they advance. Drawing on organisation theory we propose a typology of organisational forms for networks of AFNs. We theorise that networks of AFNS that adopt organisational forms that are isomorphic to the dominant food regime may have their practices adopted, but that these risk co‐option and dilution. Networks of AFNs that organise around polymorphic organisational forms are less likely to see their practices integrated at the dominant regime level, but their practices could have a more fundamental transformative impact.
Bricolage for Self‐Sufficiency: An Analysis of Alternative Food Networks
Authors: Grivins Mikelis , Keech Daniel , Kunda Ilona , Tisenkopfs Talis 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this article the bricolage concept is applied to compare the organisational dynamics of two alternative food networks (AFNs) in Riga and Bristol respectively. It is argued that bricolage is a useful concept to understand the dynamics of AFNs. The concept ‘bricolage’ refers to the free use of any materials at hand. Bricoleurs accept that these materials might not be ideal, but nevertheless use them as long as they offer characteristics that help to reach the AFN goals (which, for the AFNs featured in this article, are establishing a functioning farmers’ market, and founding a market garden). Such use of ‘what fits’ and ‘what's at hand’ may lead to new and unexpected ways how these initiatives operate. The article argues that bricolage is a liberating concept in the organisational study of AFNs because it frames them as characteristically dynamic and constantly active in relation to changes in local contexts. Bricolage thus helps determine the nature of AFN dynamism.