bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Evidence on the Statistics Prerequisite for Admission to Doctor of Nursing Practice Programs: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Byon Ha Do , Park Sunbok , Quatrara Beth A , Taggart Jessica , Wheeler Lindsay Buford 
Published: September 2024

Background
Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs in the United States confer the highest practice degree in nursing. The proportion of racial and ethnic minority DNP students, including those of Asian descent, keeps increasing in the United States. Statistics is commonly required for DNP programs. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the number of years within which statistics should be taken and the minimum grade required for admission to the program.

Objective
This study aimed to examine the associations of statistics prerequisite durations and grades for admission with the course performances within the DNP program. We also explored whether a postadmission statistics overview course can prepare students for a DNP statistics course as well as a required statistics prerequisite course.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted with a sample of 31 DNP students at a large university in the Mid-Atlantic region. Statistical analysis of data collected over 5 years, between 2018 and 2022, was performed to examine the associations, using Spearman rank correlation analysis and Mann-Whitney U test (U).

Results
The performance of students in a DNP statistics course was not associated with prerequisite duration. There was no significant association between the duration and the DNP statistics course letter grades (ρ=0.12; P=.66), neither with exam 1 (ρ=0.03; P=.91) nor with exam 2 scores (ρ=0.01; P=.97). Prerequisite grades were positively associated with exam 1 grades (ρ=0.59; P=.02), but not exam 2 (ρ=0.35; P=.19) or course grades (ρ=0.40; P=.12). In addition, no difference was found in the performance of students whether meeting the prerequisite requirements or taking a 1-month, self-paced overview course (exam 1: U=159, P=.13; exam 2: U=102, P=.50; course letter grade: U=117, P=.92).

Conclusions
No evidence was found to support the need for limits on when prerequisites are completed or grade requirements. Opting for a statistics overview course after admission can serve as a viable alternative to the statistics prerequisite, effectively preparing students for advanced quantitative data analysis in a DNP program.
Experience of practical use of enterosorbents in the treatment of HIV-infected children with diarrhea syndrome
Authors: Tuychiev L. N. , Khudaykulova G. K. , Muminova M. T. 
Published: September 2024

Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), diarrhea is common among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and negatively impacts quality of life. Although diarrheal diseases caused by opportunistic infections have decreased in the ART era, the overall prevalence of diarrhea remains unchanged, estimated at 28% to 60% of PLHIV.The aim of the study: to conduct a comparative assessment of the clinical efficacy of enterosorbents in the treatment of diarrheal syndrome in children with HIV infection.Materials and methods. The study material included 80 HIV-infected children who experienced acute infectious diarrhea aged 5 to 14 years. The main group included 40 children who received enterosgel, 2 times 1 tablespoon included in the traditional treatment regimen, and the control group included 40 children who received the drug lactoﬁltrum against the background of traditional therapy, 1 tablet 3 times a day. The duration of treatment was 10 days.Results and discussion. During the treatment of acute diarrhea in children with HIV infection with Enterosgel, a signiﬁcant decrease in the daily amount and in the duration of diarrhea was observed, which leads to a noticeable loss of signs of dehydration (P<0.05). Elimination of acute diarrhea in children with HIV infection may also have eliminated the underlying intoxication syndrome due to the underlying and burning disease, which may lead to a reduction in health care costs and socioeconomic burden.Conclusion. During the treatment of acute diarrhea in children with HIV infection with Enterosgel, a decrease in the daily amount and in the duration of diarrhea is reliably observed, which leads to a signiﬁcant disappearance of signs of dehydration (р<0.05).
Molecular genetic monitoring of HIV-1 variants circulating in St. Petersburg
Authors: Monakhov N. E. , Ermakov A. I. , Obizhaeva E. S. , Vinogradova T. N. , Lioznov D. A. 
Published: September 2024

The aim of the study: to assess the genetic diversity of HIV-1 variants circulating in St. Petersburg.Materials and methods. The study included 289 patients with virological ART failure in 2022 in the St. Petersburg AIDS Center. Fragments of the pol gene encoding integrase, reverse transcriptase and protease were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic tree created by the Neighbor-joining method with 1000 repeats of nucleotide sequences, bootstrap values >70. To assess the circulation of HIV genovariants in dynamics in St. Petersburg, sequences and clinical and laboratory parameters obtained from 544 patients since 2018. The total sample included 833 samples (289 were collected in 2022), compared with the results of a study from 1104 HIV-infected patients in 2006–2011.Results and discussion. Monovariants of HIV dominated in the examined patients (95.1%, 275 people), subtype A6 — 88.2% (255 people); subtype B — 5.9% (17 people); C — 0.3% (1 person); G — 0.7% (2 people), the proportion of recombinant forms — 4.9% (14 people). In the sample collection, the proportion of new HIV cases of non-A subtype was 13.3% in 2006–2011, and 11.1% in 2018–2022. A signiﬁcant increase in the incidence of recombinant forms of HIV-1 was revealed from 1.6% to 3.5% (c2=6.111; p=0.014). In the group (2018–2022), the recombinant form of CRF63_02A6 was more common (15/29 people).Conclusion. Phylogenetic analyses makes it possible to determine HIV subtypes, but also to establish the potential geographical origin of the virus, to identify transmission clusters taking into account the socio-demographic indicators of HIV-infected patients. Molecular epidemiological monitoring can be used to develop and implement programs to counter the spread of HIV among the population. The dominant genetic variant of HIV circulating in St. Petersburg is sub-subtype A6, as it was 10 years ago. The proportion of new cases of infection with non-A subtype of HIV remains stable, with a downward trend. The increase in the frequency of detection of recombinant forms of HIV-1 is probably related to the migration processes of the population.
Low-level viremia in HIV infection: causes and consequences
Authors: Bobkova M. R. 
Published: September 2024

The aim. This study aimed to review literature on the topic of «Low-level viremia (LLV) in HIV infection» to systematically organize data under various themes, including «deﬁnitions», «mechanisms», «causes», «risks», «clinical implications», «prevention», and «management».Materials and methods. A comprehensive search of literature data was conducted to gather information on LLV in HIV infection. The collected data were categorized into themes based on the aforementioned topics.Results and discussion. The study involved the systematic organization of data on low viremia, including its sources and potential mechanisms. Detailed discussions were held on questions surrounding HIV sanctuaries, clonal expansion, and their role in LLV formation. Additionally, the contribution of factors such as adherence, drug resistance, and drug interactions to LLV incidence was assessed. Furthermore, an algorithm of actions to prevent and address LLV, based on expert opinions, was developed.Conclusion. The LLV phenomenon is under active investigation, with an evolving understanding of its sources and formation mechanisms. Based on this knowledge, future recommendations for practitioners are anticipated, aimed at achieving effective virological responses in all HIV-infected patients.
Association of polymorphism of the glutathione-s-transferase M1 gene and tumor necrosis factor alpha with the formation and size of decay cavities in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Alymenko M. A. , Kolchanova N. E. , Valiev R. Sh. , Valiev N. R. , Balobanova N. P. , Gavrilyuk E. V. , Polonikov A. V. , Kolomietz V. M. , Mal G. S. , Ragulina V. A. , Safono Ya. A. 
Published: September 2024

The aim. To study the association of polymorphic variants of the GSTM1 (E/D) and TNF-s (308G>A (rs1800629) genes with the formation of decay cavity sizes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Material and methods. The study group is represented by 335 patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis (212 people were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis for the ﬁrst time; 123 people with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis) aged 18 to 65 years; receiving an intensive phase of chemotherapy. To conduct molecular genetic studies; 335 people had whole blood taken from a vein into a test tube with EDTA. Genomic DNA was isolated using Arrow Blood DNA 500 reagent kits from whole blood (at the NorDiag Arrow station). After; the polymerase chain reaction was staged in real time using sets of reagents for genotyping SNPs: GSTM1 (E/D) and TNF-s (–308G>A (rs1800629).Results and discussion. In patients with pulmonary tuberculosis; the genotype DD of the gene GSTM1 (E/D) and the genotype GG of the gene TNF-s –308G>A (rs1800629) is most often associated with the formation of the size of decay cavities.Conclusion. It is advisable to introduce genotyping of the GSTM1 and TNF-s genes into the practice of a phthisiologist in order to predict the probability of the formation of the size of decay cavities in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Peran Komunikasi Interpersonal dalam Menghadapi Quarter Life Crisis pada Remaja
Authors: Rani Hartati Tarigan  , Elfi Yanti Ritonga  
Published: September 2024

Quarter life crisis merupakan fase yang dialami individu diusia awal dewasa yang akan memberikan dampak pada interaksi sosial remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komunikasi interpersonal dapat membantu remaja dalam menghadapi dan mengatasi quarter life crisis. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi terhadap 4 orang remaja yang termasuk karakteristik quarter life crisis serta 3 orang tua dalam upaya membantu anak melewati fase Quarter Life Crisis. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kuesioner dan pedoman observasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi yang terbuka, empati, dan mendukung dapat mengurangi stres, meningkatkan kesejahteraan emosional, serta memberikan perspektif yang lebih jelas mengenai pilihan hidup. Sehingga strategi komunikasi yang efektif merupakan alat penting bagi remaja dalam mengelola quarter life crisis. Individu perlu melakukan pengamatan, dan mendekatkan diri pada Allah melakukan self talk, self healing, dekat dengan kelurga, teman serta melakukan kegiatan-kegiatan positif. Hal ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan yang penting bagi masyarakat, institusi pendidikan dan juga sosial untuk memberikan dukungan dan bimbingan yang tepat kepada individu yang mengalami quarter life crisis.
Sexual and Asexual Propagation of Wild Lime (Zanthoxylum fagara L. Sarg.), a Native Florida Plant with Ornamental and Ecological Value
Authors: Mikell Lindsay , Wilson Sandra B. , Marble S. Christopher , Vendrame Wagner , van Santen Edzard 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A series of four propagation studies were implemented to better understand the seed biology of wild lime (Zanthoxylum fagara L. Sarg. [Rutaceae]) and its adventitious rooting response to auxin treatments. Plant origin (north central vs south Florida ecotypes) did not affect initial seed viability but significantly influenced germination response to seasonal temperatures. Fifty-five days after sowing north central Florida seeds, germination was similar among spring, summer and fall treatments (28.9 to 41.1%), but was reduced by the winter temperature (10.7%). South Florida seeds showed greatest germination under the fall temperature (71.2%), and the least germination under the summer temperature (30.2%). Additional seed treatments including applications of gibberellic acid (GA3) with kinetin nominally improved germination by 1.2 times compared to non-treated seed. Seeds tolerated cryopreservation treatments, including combinations of a plant vitrification solution, liquid nitrogen, phloroglucinol and precooling, suggesting long-term storage capability. As an alternative to seed propagation, cutting propagation was found to be a reliable means of reproducing wild lime with 91.0% rooting success when softwood cuttings were treated with 8,000 mg·kg−1 (0.13 oz·lb−1) indole-butyric acid (IBA), compared to 3,000 mg·kg−1 (0.05 oz·lb−1) IBA (86.3%) or the non-treated control (71.2%).
Species used in this study: Wild lime, Zanthoxylum fagara (L. Sarg).
Chemicals used in this study: 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TZ); sodium hypochlorite solution (Clorox bleach); gibberellic acid (GA3); kinetin (kinetin), plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2); liquid nitrogen (LN); phloroglucinol (phloroglucinol); glycerol (glycerol); dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); MS media (Murashige and Skoog media), sucrose (sucrose); 15N-5P-15K liquid fertilizer (Peters Excel Cal-Mag Special); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); 14N-14P-14K slow-release fertilizer (Osmocote).
Acute Q fever in individuals with acute febrile illness & exposure to farm animals: Clinical manifestations & diagnostic approaches
Authors: Sundar Brindha , Shinde Shilpshri V. , Dongre Shreya A. , Chaudhari Sandeep P. , Khan Wiqar A. , Patil Archana R. , Kurkure Nitin V. , Rawool Deepak B. , Naik B.S. , Barbuddhe S.B. 
Published: September 2024

Background & objectivesQ fever is an important zoonotic disease affecting humans as well as animals. The objective of this study was to assess the burden of Q fever in individuals with acute febrile illness, particularly those in close contact with animals. Various diagnostic methods were also evaluated in addition to clinical examination analysis and associated risk factors.MethodsIndividuals presenting with acute febrile illness who had animal exposure were enrolled (n=92) in this study. Serum samples were tested using IgG and IgM phase 2 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The PCR targeting thecom1andIS1111genes was performed on blood samples. PCR amplicons were sequenced and phylogenetically analysed. Demographic data, symptoms, and risk factors were collected through a structured questionnaire.ResultsAmong individuals with acute febrile illness, 34.7 per cent (32 out of 92) were found to be infected withCoxiella burnetii.PCR exhibited the highest sensitivity among the diagnostic methods employed. The most common clinical manifestations included headache, chills, arthralgia, and fatigue. Individuals engaged in daily livestock-rearing activities were found to be at an increased risk of infection.Interpretation & conclusionsQ fever is underdiagnosed due to its varied clinical presentations, diagnostic complexities, and lack of awareness. This study underscores the importance of regular screening for Q fever in individuals with acute febrile illness, particularly those with animal exposure. Early diagnosis and increased awareness among healthcare professionals are essential for the timely management and prevention of chronic complications associated with Q fever.
Characterization of blaOXA-232 carrying carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) & their expression profiles under selective carbapenem pressure: An in-depth study from India
Authors: Das Bhaskar Jyoti , Banerjee Tuhina , Wangkheimayum Jayalaxmi , Mishra Kajal , Kumar Ashok , Bhattacharjee Amitabha 
Published: September 2024

Background & objectives
OXA-232 is a five amino acid substitution variant of OXA-48 and is reported in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), which is associated with nosocomial infections among immunocompromised patients in the intensive care unit. This study aimed to characterise blaOXA-232 in CRKP of clinical origin and investigate its transcriptional response against sub-inhibitory levels of carbapenems.

Methods
CRKP was isolated from blood (pathogens) and stool cultures (colonisers) of neonates and was characterized for blaOXA-232. Co-existing resistance determinants were investigated in blaOXA-232 positive isolates, followed by horizontal gene transferability assay and PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT). Cloning of blaOXA-232 was performed, and expression of blaOXA-232 in the isolates and their clones under sub-inhibitory concentrations of carbapenems was checked via RT-PCR. Mobile genetic elements associated with blaOXA-232 were investigated, followed by DNA fingerprinting through enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR.

Results
blaOXA-232 with co-carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), sulphonamides and quinolones were identified in seven CRPK isolates recovered from blood samples of neonates. Transformation and cloning of blaOXA-232 was successful. The sub-inhibitory concentration of carbapenems induces elevated expression of this resistant determinant. ISEcp1 was associated with blaOXA-232 in the upstream region within two haplotypes of CRKP isolates of clinical origin.

Interpretation & conclusions
Selective carbapenem pressure resulted in higher expression of this gene, which could account for treatment failure. With frequent reports of occurrence among clinical isolates, monitoring and further investigation of this novel variant are necessary to understand its transmission dynamics and to thwart its further dissemination.
Incidence, antimicrobial susceptibility & out of pocket expenditure of severe enteric fever in Chandigarh, north India
Authors: Gupta Madhu , Bansal Adarsh , Khan Firoz , Sagar Vivek , Suri Vikas , Bansal Arun , Guglani Vishal , Mahajan Vidushi , Pandit Sadbhavna , Singh Gurinder , Chaudhary Krishna , Prinja Shankar 
Published: September 2024

Background & objectives
Burden estimates of enteric fever are required to make policy decisions on introducing typhoid vaccine in India. Incidence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) of enteric fever are estimated in Chandigarh, India.

Methods
A hybrid (facility and community-based) surveillance system was set up at a secondary care hospital to enrol patients above six months of age, hospitalized with fever, from a defined catchment population from May 2018 to March 2020. Blood samples were collected and cultured using an automated system (BD BACTECTM blood culture system). The Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi isolates were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility. OOPE was recorded after 14 and 28 days of discharge.

Results
Blood samples were collected from 97 per cent of the 1650 study participants enrolled. The incidence of enteric fever was 226.8 per 1,00,000 person-years (PY), severe typhoid fever 156.9 per 1,00,000 PY, and severe paratyphoid fever 69.9 per 1,00,000 PY. Salmonella was highly susceptible to ampicillin, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone (99.25%) and least susceptible to ciprofloxacin (11.3%). The OOPE due to hospitalization of individuals infected with S. Paratyphi [INR 8696.6 (USD 116)] was significantly higher than the individuals infected with S. Typhi [INR 7309 (USD 97.5), P=0.01], and among cases who were hospitalized for more than seven days [INR 12,251 (USD 163.3)] as compared with those with a stay of 3-7 days [INR 8038.2 (USD 107.2)] or less than three days [INR 5327.8 (USD 71), P<0.001].

Interpretation & conclusions
There was a high incidence of enteric fever, high OOPE, and resistance to ciprofloxacin.
Molecular characterization of Mumps virus genotype C detected from Dibrugarh district of Assam, India
Authors: Sarmah Kimmi , Sarma Kishore , Borkakoty Biswajyoti , Borah Prasanta Kumar , Sharma Ajanta , Mahanta Jagadish 
Published: September 2024

Background & objectives
Mumps, a contagious disease caused by the mumps virus (MuV) involves parotid gland inflammation, with potential complications affecting organs other than the parotid glands and central nervous system. Despite successful vaccination, a resurgence of mumps occurred, raising concerns about vaccine effectiveness. This study aimed to examine the entire genome of a representative MuV genotype C from Dibrugarh, Assam, and compare it with references to detect genetic variations in the circulating strain.

Methods
Representative MuV genotype C from our published study was subjected to whole genome sequencing. MuV genome was analyzed against the reference genome and vaccine strains before being subjected to mutational profiling, N-glycosylation site determination, and phylogenetic analysis. The Immune Epitope Database was used for epitope screening, and selected epitopes were mapped against Assam MuV for conservancy studies.

Results
Mutational analysis of Assam MuV with WHO (World health Organization) reference, vaccine strains Jeryl Lynn (Genotype A), and L Zagreb (Genotype N) showed variations in seven genes. Phylogenetic analysis established Assam MuV as genotype C. Epitope conservancy analysis highlighted subtle variations in experimentally determined T-cell epitopes for HN and F proteins, emphasizing overall epitope stability.

Interpretation & conclusions
Genome sequencing has evolved into a standard and potent method for investigating and recording circulating MuV as it provides information on surveillance, mutation analysis, and transmission dynamics. Despite mumps’ global effect, genomic studies are limited, particularly in north-east. Our study provides first comprehensive whole-genome report on circulating MuV genotype C in Assam. This research contributes vital genomic data, filling gaps in MuV genetic epidemiology, supporting global research, and assessing vaccine effectiveness.
Phylo-geo haplotype network-based characterization of SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating in India (2020-2022)
Authors: Potdar Varsha Atul , Laxmivandana Rongala , Walimbe Atul M. , Jadhav Santosh kumar , Pawar Pratiksha , Kaledhonkar Aditi , Gupta Nivedita , Kaur Harmanmeet , Narayan Jitendra , Yadav Pragya D. , Abraham Priya , Cherian Sarah ,   Team VRDL
Published: September 2024

Background & objectives
Genetic analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains circulating in India during 2020-2022 was carried out to understand the evolution of potentially expanding and divergent clades.

Methods
SARS-CoV-2 sequences (n=612) randomly selected from among the sequences of samples collected through a nationwide network of Virus Research Diagnostic Laboratories during 2020 (n=1532) and Indian sequences available in Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data during March 2020-March 2022 (n=53077), were analyzed using the phylo-geo haplotype network approach with reference to the Wuhan prototype sequence.

Results
On haplotype analysis, 420 haplotypes were revealed from 643 segregating sites among the sequences. Haplotype sharing was noted among the strains from different geographical regions. Nevertheless, the genetic distance among the viral haplotypes from different clades could differentiate the strains into distinct haplo groups regarding variant emergence.

Interpretation & conclusions
The haplotype analysis revealed that the G and GR clades were co-evolved and an epicentrefor the evolution of the GH, GK and GRA clades. GH was more frequently identified in northern parts of India than in other parts, whereas GK was detected less in north India than in other parts. Thus, the network analysis facilitated a detailed illustration of the pathways of evolution and circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants.