bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembled Flower–like ZnMoO4/Graphene Composite Materials as Anode in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tang Mei , Niu Yubin , Huang Jing , Li Chang Ming 
Published: February 2017

AbstractZnMoO4, carbon‐coated ZnMoO4 (ZnMoO4/C) and ZnMoO4/Graphene (ZnMoO4/G) composite grown on titanium substrate were synthesized by simple hydrothermal reaction and their lithium storage properties were investigated. The results show that, when compared with ZnMoO4 electrode, ZnMoO4/G composite exhibits higher specific capacity, better cycling performance and more outstanding rate capability than those of ZnMoO4/C composite, which are mainly attributed to the excellent conductivity of graphene and unique composite structure.
Manganese‐Mediated Aerobic Oxidative Olefination of (Het)Arenemethanols with Acetonitrile: Highly Stereoselective Preparation of Trans‐Cinnamonitrile Derivatives
Authors: Wu Hui , Yang Peng , Du Zhengyin , Fu Ying 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA one‐step, cheap and practical manganese‐mediated aerobic oxidative olefination of (het)arenemethanols with acetonitrile to highly steroselectively prepare trans‐cinnamonitrile derivatives in good yield is developed. For benzyl alcohols, the trans‐products were obtained exclusively. The convenient method of this C=C bond formation has an wide substrate scope and a highly atom utility. Control experiments showed that synergetic oxidative effect of manganese dioxide and oxygen and Mn‐promoted Knoevenagel condensation thereafter make the reaction proceed smoothly.
Copper‐Catalyzed Chelation‐Assisted Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Aliphatic Azo Compounds
Authors: Dana Suman , Sahoo Harekrishna , Bhattacharyya Ayan , Mandal Anup , Prasad Edamana , Baidya Mahiuddin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn unprecedented and convenient synthetic approach to a new class of unsymmetrical azo compounds is developed through a chelation‐assisted copper‐catalysis using cheap commercial reagents. The reactions proceed rapidly at room temperature (typically one hour) and were performed in aqueous medium as well as in solvent‐free conditions, delivering structurally diverse alkyl aryl azo compounds in good yields. It has been observed that these novel pyridine hinged azo derivatives exhibit “turn on” fluorescence response in the presence of copper(II) ion in aqueous medium.
Iron Disulfide (FeS2): A Promising Material for Removal of Industrial Pollutants
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Singh Bikramjeet , Singh Paviter , Singh Kulwinder , Thakur Anup , Kumar Manjeet , Bala Rajni , Kumar Akshay 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFor environmental concerns, there is need of cost effective method for the removal of toxic and carcinogenic dyes used in industries that pose a serious threat to humankind as well as marine life/ecosystems. FeS2 is a promising semiconductor photocatalyst because of its high potential to degrade dyes as well as organic materials. In the present study, FeS2 was successfully synthesized using low cost and more effective hydrothermal method. The different features of synthesized FeS2 material was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV‐visible spectrophotometry. Methyl orange dye and also a textile dye that contribute as a major organic pollutant was effectively degraded by photo catalytically active FeS2 nanostructures. The maximum degradation efficiency (93.09%) was occurred in 120 minutes with 1 g/L FeS2 catalyst dose. The dye removal efficiency for a textile dye Novacron yellow Huntsman (NYH) approximately 98.15 % was achieved with 1 g/L FeS2 catalyst in just 80 min irradiation of visible light. This work further insights to develop FeS2 nanostructures photocatalyst for the removal of toxic and hazardous water contaminants.
The French Revolution, 1789–1804
Authors: Aston Nigel 
Published: February 2017

What was the appeal of the values of the Revolution? When did disillusionment set in, and why? Why did so few women identify with the Revolution? These are some of the questions which recur in this fresh study which focuses on some of the major themes at the heart of the current debate on the French Revolution and the Counter-Revolution.
The French Revolution, 1789-1804:
- Examines the human cost of Revolutionary change and the political ruthlessness of its key players
- Explores the continuities and ruptures in the unfolding of the Revolution up to 1804 and Napoleon's coronation as emperor
- Discusses the emergence of a new political culture, institutions, political participation and rhetoric
- Considers the social history of the 1790s with an assessment of the militarisation of France, violence and vandalism, and the social effects of economic changes
- Adopts a wide perspective and looks at the reception of Revolutionary values in Europe, the French colonies, and the United States
Nigel Aston's concise study is essential reading for all those with an interest in this crucial moment in the creation of the modern world
Risky Sex and HIV Acquisition Among HIV Serodiscordant Couples in Zambia, 2002–2012: What Does Alcohol Have To Do With It?
Authors: Joseph Davey Dvora , Kilembe William , Wall Kristin M. , Khu Naw Htee , Brill Ilene , Vwalika Bellington , Chomba Elwyn , Mulenga Joseph , Tichacek Amanda , Javanbakht Marjan , Comulada W. Scott , Allen Susan , Gorbach Pamina M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this paper we evaluate the effects of heavy alcohol consumption on sexual behavior, HIV acquisition, and antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation in a longitudinal open cohort of 1929 serodiscordant couples in Lusaka, Zambia from 2002 to 2012. We evaluated factors associated with baseline heavy alcohol consumption and its association with condomless sex with the study partner, sex outside of the partnership, and ART initiation using multivariable logistic regression. We estimated the effect of alcohol consumption on HIV acquisition using multivariable Cox models. Baseline factors significantly associated with women’s heavy drinking (drunk weekly or more in 12-months before enrollment) included woman’s older age (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [aPOR] = 1.04), partner heavy drinking (aPOR = 3.93), and being HIV-infected (aPOR = 2.03). Heavy drinking among men was associated with less age disparity with partner (aPOR per year disparity = 0.97) and partner heavy drinking (aPOR = 1.63). Men’s being drunk daily (aOR = 1.18), women’s being drunk less than monthly (aOR = 1.39) vs. never drunk and being in a male HIV-negative and female HIV-positive union (aOR = 1.45) were associated with condomless sex. Heavy alcohol use was associated with having 1 or more outside sex partners among men (aOR drunk daily = 1.91, drunk weekly = 1.32, drunk monthly = 2.03 vs. never), and women (aOR drunk monthly = 2.75 vs. never). Being drunk weekly or more increased men’s risk of HIV acquisition (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.72). Men and women being drunk weekly or more was associated (p < 0.1) with women’s seroconversion (aHR = 1.42 and aHR = 3.71 respectively). HIV-positive women who were drunk monthly or more had lower odds of initiating ART (aOR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.70–0.99) adjusting for age, months since baseline and previous pregnancies. Individuals in HIV-serodiscordant couples who reported heavy drinking had more outside sex partnerships and condomless sex with their study partner and were more likely to acquire HIV. HIV-positive women had lower odds of initiating ART if they were heavy drinkers.
Changes in Effective Thermal Conductivity During the Carbothermic Reduction of Magnetite Using Graphite
Authors: Kiamehr Saeed , Ahmed Hesham , Viswanathan Nurni , Seetharaman Seshadri 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Knowledge of the effective thermal diffusivity changes of systems undergoing reactions where heat transfer plays an important role in the reaction kinetics is essential for process understanding and control. Carbothermic reduction process of magnetite containing composites is a typical example of such systems. The reduction process in this case is highly endothermic and hence, the overall rate of the reaction is greatly influenced by the heat transfer through composite compact. Using Laser-Flash method, the change of effective thermal diffusivity of magnetite-graphite composite pellet was monitored in the dynamic mode over a pre-defined thermal cycle (heating at the rate of 7 K/min to 1423 K (1150 °C), holding the sample for 270 minutes at this temperature and then cooling it down to the room temperature at the same rate as heating). These measurements were supplemented by Thermogravimetric Analysis under comparable experimental conditions as well as quenching tests of the samples in order to combine the impact of various factors such as sample dilatations and changes in apparent density on the progress of the reaction. The present results show that monitoring thermal diffusivity changes during the course of reduction would be a very useful tool in a total understanding of the underlying physicochemical phenomena. At the end, effort is made to estimate the apparent thermal conductivity values based on the measured thermal diffusivity and dilatations.
A brief randomized controlled intervention targeting parents improves grades during middle school
Authors: Destin Mesmin , Svoboda Ryan C. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTDespite a growing number of brief, psychosocial interventions that improve academic achievement, little research investigates how to leverage parents during such efforts. We designed and tested a randomized controlled intervention targeting parents to influence important discussions about the future and responses to academic difficulty experienced by their adolescent during eighth grade in the United States. We recruited experienced parents to convey the main messages of the intervention in a parent panel format. As expected, current parents who were randomly assigned to observe the parent panel subsequently planned to talk with their adolescents sooner about future opportunities and to respond more positively to experiences of academic difficulty than parents who were randomly assigned to a control group. The intervention also led to a significant increase in student grades, which was mediated by parents’ responses to academic difficulty. We suggest an increase in experimental research that utilizes parents to influence student achievement.
Promoting Resilience in New Perioperative Nurses
Authors: Stephens Teresa M. , Smith Pamela , Cherry Caitlin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNew nursing graduates experience many challenges when transitioning from the academic environment to the practice setting. For many, the period of transition from student to employee is less than optimal, with many still experiencing reality shock, cognitive dissonance, and theory‐practice gaps. The Stephens Model of Nursing Student Resilience addresses the unique issues faced by new graduate nurses to assist them in developing healthy coping strategies and to promote resilience. This model forms the basis of the RN Personal Resilience Enhancement Plan, a supplemental onboarding program created to assist new nurses in confidently facing challenges encountered during orientation and successfully moving forward as nursing professionals. This article describes the concept of resilience and explains how to link the RN Personal Resilience Enhancement Plan to the onboarding process in the perioperative setting.
Back to Basics: Instrument Cleaning
Authors: Spruce Lisa 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAdequately cleaning and processing surgical instruments may be challenging for perioperative team members; however, the cleaning and processing of instruments are critical steps in making instruments safe to use on patients and achieving an appropriately safe OR environment. Instruments that are cleaned properly have had organic debris and soil removed, rendering them ready for sterilization or disinfection. This Back to Basics article covers the basic steps and considerations for cleaning and processing instruments before sterilization.
Guideline Implementation: Energy‐Generating Devices, Part 1‐Electrosurgery
Authors: Eder Sheryl P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEnergy‐generating devices are standard equipment in the surgical suite, with electrosurgical units being the most common type of electrical device used in the OR. Prevention of injuries to patients and personnel related to the use of energy‐generating devices is a key component of the perioperative nurse's role. The AORN “Guideline for safe use of energy‐generating devices” provides guidance on the use and maintenance of devices that deliver energy in the forms of radiofrequency waves, ultrasound waves, or lasers. This article focuses on key points of the guideline, which address precautions specific to electrosurgical units, patients with implanted electronic devices, and minimally invasive surgery, and documentation of the use of energy‐generating devices. Perioperative RNs should review the complete guideline for additional information and for guidance when writing and updating policies and procedures.
Cutting force and machine kinematics constrained cutter location planning for five-axis flank milling of ruled surfaces
Authors: Xu Ke , Wang Jiarui , Chu Chih-Hsing , Tang Kai 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Five-axis flank milling has been commonly used in the manufacturing of complex workpieces because of its greater productivity than that of three-axis or five-axis end milling. The advantage of this milling operation largely depends on effective cutter location planning. The finished surface sometimes suffers from large geometrical errors induced by improper tool positioning, due to the non-developability of most ruled surfaces in industrial applications. In addition, a slender flank-milling cutter may be deflected when subjected to large cutting forces during the machining process, further degrading the surface quality or even breaking the cutter. This paper proposes a novel tool path planning scheme to address those problems. A simple but effective algorithm is developed to adaptively allocate a series of cutter locations over the design surface with each one being confined within an angular rotation range. The allocation result satisfies a given constraint of geometrical errors on the finished surface, which consists of the tool positioning errors at each cutter location and the sweeping errors between consecutive ones. In addition, a feed rate scheduling algorithm is proposed to maximize the machining efficiency subject to the cutting force constraint and the kinematical constraints of a specific machine configuration. Simulation and experimental tests are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Both the machining efficiency and finish surface quality are greatly improved compared with conventional cutter locations.
Highlights Tool position is bounded with respect to the geometrical machining error. Cutting force and kinematics during five-axis flank milling process are analyzed. An incremental adaptive flank milling tool path generation algorithm is proposed. Feed rate is smoothly assigned respecting cutting force and kinematic constraints.
The great cat mutilation: sex, social movements and the utilitarian calculus in 1970s New York City
Authors: PETTIT MICHAEL 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn 1976, the animal liberation movement made experiments conducted on cats at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) one of its earliest successful targets. Although the scientific consensus was that Aronson was not particularly cruel or abusive, the AMNH was selected due to the visibility of the institution, the pet-like status of the animals, and the seeming perversity of studying non-human sexuality. I contextualize the controversy in terms of the changing meaning of utilitarian ethics in justifying animal experimentation. The redefinition of ‘surgeries’ as ‘mutilations’ reflected an encounter between the behavioural sciences and social movements. One of the aims of the late 1960s civil rights movements was to heighten Americans’ sensitivity to differing experiences of suffering. The AMNH protesters drew inspiration from a revived utilitarian ethics of universal organismic pain across the lines of species. This episode was also emblematic of the emergence of an anti-statist, neo-liberal ethos in science. Invoking the rhetoric of the 1970s tax revolt, animal liberationists attacked Aronson's ability to conduct basic research with no immediate biomedical application. Without denying the violence involved, an exclusive focus on reading the experiments through the lens of utilitarianism obscures what ethics animated Aronson's research.
The impact of feeding a supplement based on aloe and Manuka honey on milk yield from dairy cows
Authors: Whyte David , Sharma Kuldeep , Tarver Paul 
Published: February 2017

SummaryAn Aloe vera and manuka honey commercial supplement (Cow and Calf Formula, DairyCare Ltd, NZ) was fed to approximately 40% of a commercial New Zealand herd with over 1000 cows in lactation following spring calving (August) until the end of lactation (April the following year). The 5 ml of supplement was added automatically to the feed for the treatment group via transponder identification units during at milking. At peak lactation (until October) there was a 5.5% increase (11.76 versus 12.41 litres per milking for control and treated cows respectively; P < 0.001) in yield for the supplemented cows, and over the whole season there was a 4.7% milk yield increase (8.12 versus 8.50 litres per milking for control and treated cows respectively). Data from December and January (high summer) showed no significant increase in milk yield, which was due to a major drought in the area and loss of grazed forage intakes. From these results, it was considered that that the Aloe vera and manuka honey, acting either separately or in synergy, resulted in more nutrients being available for milk production.
Multi-decadal reduction in glacier velocities and mechanisms driving deceleration at polythermal White Glacier, Arctic Canada
Authors: THOMSON LAURA I. , COPLAND LUKE 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTAnnual and seasonal surface velocities measured continuously from 1960 to 1970 at White Glacier, a 14 km long polythermal valley glacier spanning ~100–1800 m a.s.l., provide the most comprehensive early record of ice dynamics in the Canadian Arctic. Through comparison with differential GPS-derived velocity data spanning 2012–16, we find reductions in mean annual velocity by 31 and 38% at lower elevations (600 and 400 m a.s.l.). These are associated with decreased internal ice deformation due to ice thinning and reduced basal motion likely due to increased hydraulic efficiency in recent years. At higher elevation (~850 m a.s.l.) there is no detectable change in annual velocity and the expected decrease in internal deformation rates due to ice thinning is offset by increased basal motion in both summer and winter, likely attributable to supraglacial melt accessing a still inefficient subglacial drainage system. Decreases in mass flux at lower elevations since the 1960s cannot explain the observed elevation loss of ~20 m, meaning that ice thinning along the glacier trunk is primarily a function of downwasting rather than changing ice dynamics. The current response of the glacier exemplifies steady thinning, velocity slowdown and upstream retreat of the ELA but, because the glacier has an unstable geometry with considerable mass in the 1300–1500 m elevation range, a retreat of the ELA to >1300 plausible within 25–40 years, could trigger runaway wastage.
Methods for simulating nutritional requirement and response studies with all organisms to increase research efficiency
Authors: Vedenov Dmitry , Alhotan Rashed A. , Wang Runlian , Pesti Gene M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNutritional requirements and responses of all organisms are estimated using various models representing the response to different dietary levels of the nutrient in question. To help nutritionists design experiments for estimating responses and requirements, we developed a simulation workbook using Microsoft Excel. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the influence of different numbers of nutrient levels, ranges of nutrient levels and replications per nutrient level on the estimates of requirements based on common nutritional response models. The user provides estimates of the shape of the response curve, requirements and other parameters and observation to observation variation. The Excel workbook then produces 1–1000 randomly simulated responses based on the given response curve and estimates the standard errors of the requirement (and other parameters) from different models as an indication of the expected power of the experiment. Interpretations are based on the assumption that the smaller the standard error of the requirement, the more powerful the experiment. The user can see the potential effects of using one or more subjects, different nutrient levels, etc., on the expected outcome of future experiments. From a theoretical perspective, each organism should have some enzyme-catalysed reaction whose rate is limited by the availability of some limiting nutrient. The response to the limiting nutrient should therefore be similar to enzyme kinetics. In conclusion, the workbook eliminates some of the guesswork involved in designing experiments and determining the minimum number of subjects needed to achieve desired outcomes.
TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY BANISHMENT: CITIZENSHIP STRIPPING IN COMMON LAW NATIONS
Authors: Pillai Sangeetha , Williams George 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThree common law countries—the UK, Canada and Australia—have significantly expanded citizenship revocation laws as a counterterrorism response. This article provides a detailed examination of these laws, their development and their use. It also explores and critiques the extent to which the laws shift citizenship away from fundamental common law principles, and the means by which such a shift has been justified.
PROVOCATIVE CLIMATE PROTECTION: EU ‘EXTRATERRITORIAL’ REGULATION OF MARITIME EMISSIONS
Authors: Dobson Natalie L. , Ryngaert Cedric 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn 2015, frustrated by the slow pace of negotiations in the International Maritime Organisation, the EU issued Regulation 2015/757 on the monitoring, reporting, and verification of carbon dioxide emissions from maritime transport. Echoing the controversial Aviation Directive, the Regulation is intended to support a unilateral market-based measure, and includes emissions from outside EU territory. This raises the question whether, according to international law, the EU has jurisdiction to regulate such ‘extraterritorial’ circumstances. In exploring the appropriate jurisdictional bases, we argue that neither the Law of the Sea Convention, nor world trade law definitively decide this issue. We therefore devote more detailed attention to the customary international law of State jurisdiction supplementing these regimes. We seek to build on the existing analysis by examining climate change as a ‘common concern of mankind’. We argue that this emerging concept has distinct legal implications that can and should be accommodated within the interest-balancing exercise underlying the jurisdictional analysis.