bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘What do you know about fat?’ Drawing on Diverse Funds of Knowledge in Inquiry Based Science Education
Authors: Andree Maria , Lager-Nyquist Lotta 
Published: October 2017

Connecting students’ worlds, knowledge and experiences with school science has been a central issue in science education research. Here, we conceptualize processes of drawing on students’ personal experiences and knowledge in terms of ‘funds of knowledge’. We scrutinize two sixth grade classroom practices where the inquiry curriculum reform effort, Naturvetenskap och teknik för alla (NTA), is used. This curriculum material explicitly incorporates ideas of ‘learning science from experience’. Our aim is to contribute to a discussion on what conditions of inquiry based science education (IBSE) practices may open up opportunities for science to become personally relevant to students. The research question investigated is: What do students do when they draw on funds of knowledge that are related to students’ memberships and experiences out-of-school in IBSE pratices? We then use Cultural-Historical Activity Theory framework to analyze how students’ actions of drawing on different funds of knowledge gain meaning in relation to different cultural-historical motives. Our findings indicate that students, when positioning themselves as part of different communities in relation to different goals and overall motives, make use of quite different funds of knowledge. Finally, we discuss possibilities for expanding and acknowledging students’ funds of knowledge when working with investigations in the science classroom.
A phenomenological view of pictures in teaching and a novel method for analysing them
Authors: Käpylä Markku 
Published: October 2017

In this paper a novel method for analysing the content and teaching potential of pictures is presented. It is the four-field method, which is based on phenomenological thoughts about human experience, which combines factual knowledge with emotions and personal and social meanings. A biological example is given. Around this idea a course unit for using pictures in science teaching was organized. It was used in the training of both primary and secondary level teachers. From picture analysis the course unit proceeds to planning the use of pictures in teaching. A classification of the teaching functions of pictures is presented.
Translators’ Use of Digital Resources during Translation
Authors: Hvelplund Kristian Tangsgaard 
Published: October 2017

This paper presents the findings from a study on translators’ use of digital resources during the translation process. Eye tracking data and screen recording data from 18 professional translators are analysed in order to 1) examine how much time translators spend on digital resource consultation compared with translation drafting and translation revision, 2) examine how eye movements differ between translation drafting, revision and digital resource consultation and 3) investigate what types of digital resources are used by translators. The findings demonstrate that digital resource consultation constitutes a considerable amount of the translation process. The findings also show longer fixations and larger pupils during resource consultation, indicating heavier cognitive load, and finally the study identifies considerable variation in the use of resources between translators.
Le rôle social des syndicats aux États-Unis
Authors: Dale Leon 
Published: October 2017

« L'établissement de l'AFL-CIO a stimulé le développement du programme syndical de service à la communauté et fut la cause d'une participation plus active des syndicats dans les affaires de la communauté. »
Report of the Executive Council of the AFL-CIO, Second Convention, Atlantic City, New Jersey, December 5, 1957, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, p. 287.
La socialisation
Authors: Dion Gérard 
Published: October 2017

Quand on parle de « socialisation » on suscite immédiatement des réactions diverses, selon la tournure d'esprit, les passions, les intérêts de ceux à qui on s'adresse. C'est que le terme « socialisation » recèle des ambiguïtés qui sont sources d'embarras et de confusions. Il importe de clarifier les concepts.
L’évolution du label touristique
« La Clef Verte » au Maroc
Authors: BOUAOUINATE Asmae , SALOUI Abdelmalik 
Published: October 2017

En 2007, la Fondation Mohamed VI pour la protection de
l’environnement a introduit au Maroc l’écolabel « La Clef Verte » pour développer un
tourisme responsable en récompensant et en soutenant les meilleures initiatives en gestion
environnementale dans le secteur de l’hébergement touristique. Et depuis 2008, année de
labellisation des premiers lauréats, on assiste à une augmentation du nombre des
établissements d’hébergement labellisés « La Clef Verte ». Mais est-ce pour autant un
indicateur que les entreprises touristiques sont conscientes de la pertinence d’un bon
management environnemental ou est-ce seulement pour elles une opportunité entrepreneuriale
qui vise la distinction des concurrents et l’affichage d’une éthique environnementale de
l’établissement d’hébergement, ou même l’attirance des touristes, soucieux plus que jamais
de contribuer à la préservation de l’environnement, même pendant leurs séjours
touristiques ?
La chasteté ou la mort. Mise en récit du viol dans les récits brefs des xvie et xviie siècles
Authors: Grande Nathalie 
Published: October 2017

Les histoires tragiques, parce qu’elles sont un genre chargé de dire les abominations du monde, semblent particulièrement adéquates pour raconter le viol, en explorer les circonstances pas toujours atténuantes, en dévoiler les enjeux humains, individuels et pas seulement collectifs. L’étude d’un tel corpus permet de désigner les caractéristiques qui autorisent ce crime à devenir objet de récit, mais aussi de faire entendre le discours que tient la représentation des victimes sur le forfait lui-même, et d’en saisir les enjeux moraux et sociaux. Alors que des formes de consentement a posteriori et des procédures judiciaires de réparation tendent souvent à édulcorer le viol, certains auteurs, comme Jean-Pierre Camus, mettent au contraire en évidence le dilemme qui pèse sur la victime entre sauver sa chasteté ou sauver sa vie : c’est par le choix de la mort que la victime est invitée à prouver la violence subie, toujours douteuse. Quand la société ignore ou minore le crime, cette insistance d’un évêque humaniste sur le point de vue des victimes montre un souci de révéler publiquement la gravité de l’attentat sexuel.
Le viol dans L’Astrée d’Honoré d’Urfé : représentation et enjeux
Authors: Lallemand Marie-Gabrielle 
Published: October 2017

Cerner la figure du violeur dans la pastorale en général permet de préciser par comparaison comment ce personnage est traité dans le roman d’Honoré d’Urfé. Dans la pastorale dramatique, le violeur est un personnage-type : le Satyre. Mi-homme mi-animal, lubrique par nature, il est craint des bergères, mais il est ridicule parce qu’il est un amoureux éconduit et qu’il échoue toujours dans ses tentatives violentes. Il est un personnage comique : le rire exorcise la peur. Il n’en va pas de même quand le violeur est un berger : rien ne laisse deviner ce qu’il est et on ne peut pas être certain que sa tentative va échouer. Dans L’Astrée, le berger, s’il peut user de toutes les ruses, ne recourt jamais aux violences sexuelles : l’avatar du Satyre est Hylas qui ne ravit ni ne force les bergères mais les séduit. Le viol est, d’une part, le fait du monstre étranger et, par contraste, valorise la régulation des relations humaines qu’est l’« honnête amitié », dont la pastorale urféenne, dans le courant de la Réforme catholique, donne une représentation à des fins d’éducation morale. D’autre part, il est le fait des tyrans, romains ou barbares : le viol dans les relations interpersonnelles est l’équivalent de la tyrannie en politique. Il est donc étranger au Forez, province qui a gardé ses anciennes « franchises ».
Evidence for continual hybridization rather than hybrid speciation betweenLigularia duciformisandL. paradoxa(Asteraceae)
Authors: Zhang Rong , Gong Xun , Folk Ryan 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundHybrids possess phenotypic traits that are often intermediate between their parental taxa, which commonly serves as evidence of hybridization in morphological analyses. Natural hybridization has been shown to occur frequently inLigularia(Asteraceae). In a previous study,Ligularia×maoniushanensiswas demonstrated as a natural hybrid species betweenL. duciformisandL.paradoxabased on morphological and reproductive traits.MethodsWe used three chloroplast (cpDNA) fragments (psbA-trnH,trnL-rpl32 andtrnQ-5′rps16), the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS), and co-dominant SSR and dominant ISSR markers to study natural hybridization betweenL. duciformisandL. paradoxagrowing sympatrically in two locations. Parental taxa were inferred using network analyses of cpDNA and nrITS haplotypes. Admixture among individuals was examined using the Bayesian clustering programs STRUCTURE and NewHybrids based on the SSR and ISSR data; and potential introgression in the SSR loci was assessed using the INTROGRESS package.ResultsThe putative parental species were clearly distinguished from other sympatricLigulariaspecies by nrITS data, andL.×maoniushanensisindividuals were confirmed to be the hybrid offspring ofL.duciformisandL.paradoxa. Moreover, introgression was detected among several individuals morphologically identified asL.duciformisorL. paradoxa. Analyses of the cpDNA data revealed primarily unidirectional hybridization betweenL. duciformisandL. paradoxa, withL.paradoxaas the maternal parent in Mt. Maoniu, whereas bidirectional but asymmetrical hybridization was inferred to occur in Heihai Lake. The STRUCTURE analyses based on the SSR data detected two distinct clusters among the three taxa. The NewHybrids analyses showed that individuals circumscribed asL.×maoniushanensiswere dominated by early- and later-generation and backcrossing hybrids. The NewHybrids results based on the ISSR data were congruent with SSR results. In addition, introgression was detected in some SSR loci, and heterogeneity among loci was found in terms of detected patterns of introgression.ConclusionsOur data provide strong evidence for hybridization and introgression betweenL.duciformisandL.paradoxa.Ligularia×maoniushanensiswas demonstrated to be of hybrid origin. Since no evident reproductive isolation was found between the two parental species, detected hybrids appear to be part of hybrid swarms resulting from frequent and ongoing gene flow, which might impede the formation of a new hybrid species.
Software and the Scientist: Coding and Citation Practices in Geodynamics
Authors: Hwang Lorraine , Fish Allison , Soito Laura , Smith MacKenzie , Kellogg Louise H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn geodynamics as in other scientific areas, computation has become a core component of research, complementing field observation, laboratory analysis, experiment, and theory. Computational tools for data analysis, mapping, visualization, modeling, and simulation are essential for all aspects of the scientific workflow. Specialized scientific software is often developed by geodynamicists for their own use, and this effort represents a distinctive intellectual contribution. Drawing on a geodynamics community that focuses on developing and disseminating scientific software, we assess the current practices of software development and attribution, as well as attitudes about the need and best practices for software citation. We analyzed publications by participants in the Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics and conducted mixed method surveys of the solid earth geophysics community. From this we learned that coding skills are typically learned informally. Participants considered good code as trusted, reusable, readable, and not overly complex and considered a good coder as one that participates in the community in an open and reasonable manor contributing to both long‐ and short‐term community projects. Participants strongly supported citing software reflected by the high rate a software package was named in the literature and the high rate of citations in the references. However, lacking are clear instructions from developers on how to cite and education of users on what to cite. In addition, citations did not always lead to discoverability of the resource. A unique identifier to the software package itself, community education, and citation tools would contribute to better attribution practices.
Two‐Dimensional Vlasov Simulations of Fast Stochastic Electron Heating in Ionospheric Modification Experiments
Authors: Speirs David Carruthers , Eliasson Bengt , Daldorff Lars K. S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIonospheric heating experiments using high‐frequency ordinary (O)‐mode electromagnetic waves have shown the induced formation of magnetic field‐aligned density striations in the ionospheric F region, in association with lower hybrid (LH) and upper hybrid (UH) turbulence. In recent experiments using high‐power transmitters, the creation of new plasma regions and the formation of descending artificial ionospheric layers (DAILs) have been observed. These are attributed to suprathermal electrons ionizing the neutral gas, so that the O‐mode reflection point and associated turbulence is moving to a progressively lower altitude. We present the results of two‐dimensional (2‐D) Vlasov simulations used to study the mode conversion of an O‐mode pump wave to trapped UH waves in a small‐scale density striation of circular cross section. Subsequent multiwave parametric decays lead to UH and LH turbulence and to the excitation of electron Bernstein (EB) waves. Large‐amplitude EB waves result in rapid stochastic electron heating when the wave amplitude exceeds a threshold value. For typical experimental parameters, the electron temperature is observed to rise from 1,500 K to about 8,000 K in a fraction of a millisecond, much faster than Ohmic heating due to collisions which occurs on a timescale of an order of a second. This initial heating could then lead to further acceleration due to Langmuir turbulence near the critical layer. Stochastic electron heating therefore represents an important potential mechanism for the formation of DAILs.
A chimeric HS4 insulator–scaffold attachment region enhances transgene expression in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Chen Si‐jia , Wang Wen , Zhang Feng‐yi , Jia Yan‐long , Wang Xiao‐yin , Guo Xiao , Chen Shao‐Nan , Gao Jian‐hui , Wang Tian‐Yun 
Published: October 2017

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are one of the most commonly used expression systems for the production of recombinant proteins but low levels of transgene expression and transgene silencing are frequently encountered. Epigenetic regulatory elements such as the chicken β‐globin locus control region hypersensitive site 4 (HS4) and scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs) have positive effects on transgene expression. In this study, a chimeric HS4‐SAR was cloned upstream or downstream of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression cassette in a eukaryotic vector, and the resulting vectors were transfected into CHO cells. eGFP was detected by flow cytometry. Real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to determine copy numbers of the stably transfected cells. And fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the status of vector in the host cell chromosome. The results showed that HS4‐SAR positioned downstream of the expression cassette could enhance eGFP expression by 4.83‐fold compared with the control vector. There may not be a relationship between transgene copy number and gene expression level. HS4‐SAR did not appear to alter the integration of the transgene into the host cell chromosome or its position in the chromosome. We found a synthetic chimeric HS4‐SAR positively increased transgene expression in CHO cells.
Tuning the Viscosity Profile of Ionic Vitrimers Incorporating 1,2,3‐Triazolium Cross‐Links
Authors: Obadia Mona M. , Jourdain Antoine , Cassagnau Philippe , Montarnal Damien , Drockenmuller Eric 
Published: October 2017

AbstractVitrimers are dynamic polymer networks with unique viscoelastic behavior combining the best attributes of thermosets and thermoplastics. Ionic vitrimers are a recent class of dynamic materials, where 1,2,3‐triazolium cross‐links are reshuffled by trans‐N‐alkylation exchange reactions. Comparison of dynamic properties with a selection of vitrimers relying on different exchange reactions highlights the particularly high viscous flow activation energies of trans‐N‐alkylation reactions, thus providing an enhanced compromise between fast reprocessing at moderately high temperatures and low creep at service temperature. Varying the [monomer]/[cross‐linker] ratio in the initial formulation of these 1,2,3‐triazolium‐based networks affords a fine tuning of their viscosity profiles. Confrontation of rheometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data allows the correlation of variations in chemical composition with changes in the covalent exchange dynamics. This unprecedented approach enables the proposition of a dissociative two‐step mechanism for the trans‐N‐alkylation of 1,2,3‐triazoliums initiated by a nucleophilic attack of the 1,2,3‐triazolium cross‐links by the iodide counteranion, yielding uncrosslinking by de‐N‐alkylation. Subsequent rapid re‐N‐alkylation of the formed 1,2,3‐triazole by surrounding iodide‐functionalized dangling chains affords exchange of the cross‐link position. This study highlights that strictly associative exchange reactions are not compulsory to induce vitrimer behavior, and may pave the way to a much wider variety of vitrimers relying on conventional reversible covalent reactions.
Facile Synthesis of Red/NIR AIE Luminogens with Simple Structures, Bright Emissions, and High Photostabilities, and Their Applications for Specific Imaging of Lipid Droplets and Image‐Guided Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wang Dong , Su Huifang , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Shan Guogang , Leung Anakin C. S. , Lee Michelle M. S. , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRed/near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent molecules with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics are of great interest in bioimaging and therapeutic applications. However, their complicated synthetic approaches remain the major barrier to implementing these applications. Herein, a one‐pot synthetic strategy to prepare a series of red/NIR‐emissive AIE luminogens (AIEgens) by fine‐tuning their molecular structures and substituents is reported. The obtained AIEgens possess simple structures, good solubilities, large Stokes shifts, and bright emissions, which enable their applications toward in vitro and in vivo imaging without any pre‐encapsulation or ‐modification steps. Excellent targeting specificities to lipid droplets (LDs), remarkable photostabilities, high brightness, and low working concentrations in cell imaging application make them remarkably impressive and superior to commercially available LD‐specific dyes. Interestingly, these AIEgens can efficiently generate reactive oxygen species upon visible light irradiation, endowing their effective application for photodynamic ablation of cancer cells. This study, thus, not only demonstrates a facile synthesis of red/NIR AIEgens for dual applications in simultaneous imaging and therapy, but also offers an ideal architecture for the construction of AIEgens with long emission wavelengths.
Renewable Lanthanide Ionic Liquid/Polymer Composites for High‐Efficient Adsorption of Particulate Matter
Authors: Song Kang‐Xiang , He Ling , Zhang Lei , Tao Guo‐Hong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractParticulate matter (PM) in air pollution is becoming a serious environmental threat to public health globally. The removal of PM, particularly the most harmful PM2.5, is a great challenge for industrialized countries. Hybrid polymer materials have extensive applications in many areas. Herein, types of hybrid polymers obtained from lanthanide ionic liquids and polyvinyl pyrrolidone have excellent PM adsorption capacity especially for PM2.5. The highest adsorption efficiency can exceed 99% for both PM2.5 and PM10. The removal efficiency of PM can be maintained above 90% for 15 h, which can be recycled more than five times without the decline of adsorption efficiency. An introduced luminescent lanthanide can be used to survey the adsorption process by the change of fluorescence intensity. After simple treatment, the PM adsorption capacity of the hybrid polymer can be recovered to be similar with the new one. Besides, the hybrid polymers have favorable thermal stability to adapt to different working conditions. Therefore, the hybrid polymers have potential applications in a high‐efficiency and environmental friendly PM removal filter.
Porous wheat gluten microparticles obtained by electrospray: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Tapia‐Hernández José́ A. , Rodríguez‐Félix Dora E. , Plascencia‐Jatomea Maribel , Rascón‐Chu Agustín , López‐Ahumada Guadalupe A. , Ruiz‐Cruz Saúl , Barreras‐Urbina Carlos G. , Rodríguez‐Félix Francisco 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCurrently, microporous polymer materials are being studied extensively due to their attractive properties which allow for a wide potential of applications, such as prolonged‐release systems (PRS). The objective of the present work was to prepare and characterize porous microparticles of wheat gluten (WG) using the electrospray technique. The effect of the physicochemical parameters of the solution and electrospray technique parameters on the morphology and size of the materials obtained was studied. For all of the concentrations of WG, porous microparticles with sphere geometry were obtained. At higher concentrations of WG (8% w/v), higher values of viscosity (0.32405 ± 0.002 Pa·s), density (0.997 ± 0.0005 g/cm3), and particle size (1.42 ± 0.71 μm) were obtained, while at lower concentration, high stability rheological is presented, which exhibited Newtonian fluid behavior. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and X‐ray diffraction indicated that the material obtained has a potential application in the PRS industry.