bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of microinvasive cross‐linking of rabbit posterior eye pole sclera
Authors: Iomdina E.N. , Tarutta E. , Semchishen V. , Sianosyan A. , Milash S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the results of scleral crosslinking (SXL) with ultraviolet‐A (UVA) radiation and riboflavin in the equator and the posterior pole of the eye using a minimally invasive techniqueMethodsThe tool includes a UV‐LED source (370 nm, 3 mW/cm²) guided through optic fiber located in one of the two channels of a detachable tip. The other channel is used to deliver riboflavin to the scleral surface through a small conjunctival incision, sutured after SXL. It was performed in vivo on 8 rabbit eyes. Intact fellow eyes served as control. Scleral echodensity was measured in vivo with Voluson 730Pro prior to, 2 days and 1 month after the procedure. The biomechanical characteristics of the sclera of enucleated eyes were measured 3 days and 1 month after the procedure with Autograph (Shimadzu). Collagen crosslinking level was measured at the same times using Differential Scanning Calorimetry with Phoenix DSC20144 (Netzsch).ResultsAs a result of the procedure, scleral echodensity (median) increased from 86.7 to 98 dB after 2 days, and to 103 dB after 1 month. The control group revealed no change in the corresponding values. Elasticity modulus (E) of the treated zone was 25.4 MPa after 3 days, while in the control group E was 16.7 MPa. 1 month after, the value of E showed no significant change. Collagen cross‐linking level in the experimental group exceeded that of the control group by 15–18%.ConclusionsThe proposed tool ensures minimally invasive UVA crosslinking of the equatorial and the posterior parts of the sclera and ensures an increase of its biomechanical stability. It opens good prospects for sclera reinforcement treatment of progressive myopia.This work was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (grant No 15‐29‐03874).
Characterization, structural analysis, evolution of AMD drusenoid deposits ‘L’, Lipid type and ‘P’, Protein‐cellular type, with multimodal imaging and morphology‐structural software
Authors: Gonzalez C. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo study AMD drusenoid deposits ‘L'and ‘P’ with multimodal imaging and morphology‐structural software, see the input of this technique, software on their knowledge, etiopathogenyMethods284 eyes of 142 patients, 44 men, 98 women, with AMD drusenoid deposits ‘L’, Lipid Type (soft Drusen, Drusenoid PED ‘L’) and ‘P’, Protein‐cellular type (Pseudovitellifom AMD, Cuticular drusen, Subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD),Drusenoid PED, ‘P’).Deposits were evaluated by Autofluorescence, IR imaging, OCT, OCT en Face (Spectralis HRA‐OCT),Morphology‐Structural software (M‐S software); Size, characteristics, number, topography of ‘L’, ‘P’ deposits, their environment above and below too;ETDRS visual acuity (VA),complete ophthalmic examination, Fundus exam added. M‐S software let analyze drusenoid deposit volume and contours, 3D deposit reconstruction, let volume, density (deposits grey levels),structure (structural measures, texture parameters),composition (density calculation) evaluation and characterization of ‘L’ and ‘P’ type depositsResultsAMD Drusenoid Deposits: ‘L’ are roughly uniform, dome‐shaped, dark grey, translucent, equal and the same in all cross‐section, fatty, under the Retinal Pigment epithelium (RPE),abnormal RPE above, but layer quite preserved, evolution to atrophy; ‘P’ are dense, white, heterogeneous PED, below RPE, granular, as Protein, cellular component, different in all cross‐sections, abnormal RPE above, heavily unstructured, layer interrupted, cells disappeared, evolution to neovascularization. M‐S software allows selective drusenoid deposits characterization, differentiation: ‘L’ type, lipid components, ‘P’ type, protein composition, so entities determination, so get morphologic, structural BiomarkersConclusionsMultimodal Imaging, Morphology‐Structural Software contribute to and improve AMD Drusenoid deposits ‘L’, ‘P’, knowledge, identity, so, let define AMD biomarkers and better understand etiopathogeny.
Treatment outcome of switching from ranibizumab to aflibercept in patients with central retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Konidaris V. , Gorgoli K. , Burgula S. , Deane J. , Banerjee S. , Empeslidis T. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo describe the outcome of switching from ranibizumab to aflibercept intravitreal injections in patients with macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary retina service in East Midlands, UK. Twenty one patients with CRVO and associated macular oedema were reviewed. All patients had a detailed systemic and ocular history obtained and a thorough ocular examination including visual acuity assessment, intraocular pressure measurement and dilated fundus examination. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were recorded at the initial and all following visits. Non‐responders were defined as patients who despite a minimum of 3 consecutive ranibizumab injections at 4–6 weeks intervals had persistent intraretinal fluid 1 month after the last injection. These patients were switched to aflibercept. BCVA and CRT were measured before and after switching.ResultsTwenty‐two eyes of 21 patients with refractory macular oedema secondary to CRVO were included. All eyes had a mean 4.5 ranibizumab intravitreal injections after a mean period of 6 months without reduction of intraretinal fluid and/or no visual acuity gain. In these cases, a treatment change to aflibercept injections on a per‐needed basis was decided. A significant decrease of mean CRT from 631 to 285 μm and improvement in mean BCVA from 1.3 logMAR to 1.0 logMAR was noticed. The mean number of aflibercept injections needed for oedema resolution was 2.ConclusionsAflibercept is an efficient alternative treatment for macular oedema secondary to CRVO refractory to ranibizumab. Good anatomic and functional result can be achieved with few injections. The maintenance of these results after 6 months is yet to be investigated.
Case of conjunctival amyloidosis with repeated subconjunctival hemorrhages
Authors: Andoh T. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeConjunctival amyloidosis is very rare but its presence could be a sign of systemic amyloidosis. This association is important because systemic amyloidosis is a life‐threatening disease. We present our ocular and systemic findings in a patient with conjunctival amyloidosis.MethodsA 43‐years‐old man had repeated subconjunctival hemorrhages for two years and was referred to Chiba University Hospital. He had comprehensive ophthalmological and systemic examinations to determine the cause of the conjunctival hemorrhages.ResultsHis visual acuities were 1.2 OU, and intraocular pressure was 13–14 mmHg OU. He had central serous chorioretinopathy in the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging of the eye, orbit, and brain was normal. Initially, the subconjunctival hemorrhage masked a mass lesion. Three months later, the subconjunctival hemorrhage was improved and a grayish white mass was detected in the superior area of the subconjunctiva. Partial biopsy and histopathological examinations showed apple green birefringence and dichroism of amyloid fibers under polarized light. Immunofixation electrophoresis detected l‐light chain abnormality but systemic examinations did not find any lesions. Although multiple myeloma was ruled out at that time, the patient is being followed carefully to detect any signs of systemic amyloidosis.ConclusionsRepeated subconjunctival hemorrhage can be an initial sign of systemic amyloidosis. Patients with conjunctival amyloidosis should be comprehensively examined for systemic amyloidosis because of its poor life prognosis.
Age macular degeneration: clinical, biological, morphologic, structural biomarkers for neovascular complication
Authors: Gonzalez C. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo determine clinical, biological, morphologic, structural elements as biomarkers for AMD Neovascular complicationMethodsAMD:114 AMD patients, with AMD Neovascular complication. Ophthalmologic exam included ETDRS visual acuity, complete ophthalmic examination, Fundus examination, Multimodal imaging:autofluorescence imaging (FAF),optical coherence tomography (Spectralis HRA‐OCT),OCTenFace, Morphology‐Structural software (M‐S),Fluorescein Angiography, ICG. Cognitive evaluation is done for all of them with MMSE:Mini Mental State Examination (Folstein, GRECO),score let determine various groups, subgroups. Lipidomic Study:Blood tests and analysis, all lipids qualitative, quantitative analysis, all the same for 10 of those 114 patients. Blood test is done during ophthalmologic exam. Plasma congelation ‘snap frost’ after total blood centrifugation, then liquid‐liquid extraction for lipids analysis:neutral lipid, fatty acid, phospholipids, as sphingolipids, Polyinsatured fatty acids tooResultsMMSE:35% Normal score,62% MCI cases (mild MCI (47%),moderate MCI (35%)),3% early stage AD, cognitive function is rather spared but early AD. Lipidomics:High levels for each and most of lipids, higher/highest for Free, Total Esterified Cholesterol, TxB2,13‐HODE,9‐HODE,12‐HETE, MUFA/PUFA, highest for Eicosanoids, Fames TotalFattyAcid, more/less Phospholipids (PC).Results are effective, statistically significative. Multimodal imaging, M‐S:more, mostly drusenoids deposits Protein‐Cellular type, ‘P’, individualized, presents, underlined. So, those results, elements become and are Biomarkers for AMD Neovascular complication, allow better AMD follow‐up and etiopathogeny understandingConclusionsEach clinical, biological, multimodal entity, all, together or not, are Biomarkers, allow AMD screening, follow‐up, particularly AMD Neovascular complication. They also lead to better etiopathogeny understanding and therapeutics prospects.
Peripheral refraction and retinal contour after FS‐LASIK and orthokeratology
Authors: Tarutta E. , Khodzhabekyan N. , Khandzhyan A. , Milash S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeA variety of factors that change the topography of the cornea may also induce changes in peripheral refraction. The paper is aimed at assessing the peripheral refraction and retinal contour of myopic eyes after FS‐LASIK and orthokeratological (OK) correction.MethodsWe examined 30 patients (60 eyes) including 12 patients (24 eyes) aged 28.86 ± 2.83 years with myopia of −5.11 ± 05 D on average, and axial length (AL) = 25.04 ± 0.33 mm before FS‐LASIK and 1 month after it and 18 patients (36 eyes) with myopia of −5.4 ± 0.24 D on average, AL = 25.78 ± 0.2 mm who wore ESA‐DL OK‐lenses. All patients were tested for peripheral refraction on Grand Seiko Open‐field binocular autoref/keratometer and had their peripheral eye length measured on IOL Master 500 (Carl Zeiss) at 15° and 30° nasally (N) and temporally (T) from the center of fovea.ResultsThe peripheral eye length measured before and after FS‐LASIK as well as after OK‐correction was less in all peripheral zones than the central length, which corresponds to hyperopic peripheral defocus. Refraction measured after FS‐LASIK showed the formation of myopic defocus with a maximum at 30°: T15° ‐2.49 D, N15° ‐2.5 D, T30° ‐6.73 D and N30° ‐7.8 D. The maximal myopic defocus after OK‐correction is detected in the middle periphery: −4.89 D at T15°, −5.51 D at N15°, −2.92 D at T30° and 2.4 D at N30°.ConclusionsBoth procedures induce a significant peripheral myopic defocus. In the first case, the maximum values of defocus is detected in the peripheral zone (at 30° from the center of the fovea), in the second case it affects the middle periphery (15° from the center) most of all. Such patterns of peripheral refraction fully coincide with the specific changes in corneal topography after the two procedures. The retinal contour within 30° from the center retains the relative hyperopic defocus characteristic of intact myopic eyes.
The prospects of using the radiation for the assessment of corneal and scleral hydration
Authors: Iomdina E.N. , Seliverstov S. , Sianosyan A. , Teplyakova K. , Rusova A. , Goltsman G. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeAn adequate water balance (hydration extent) is one of the basic factors of normal eye function, including its external shells – the cornea and the sclera. THz systems creating images in reflected beams are likely to become ideal instruments of noninvasive testing of corneal and scleral hydration degree as THz radiation is highly sensitive to water content. The paper aims at studying the transmittance and reflectance spectra of the cornea and the sclera of rabbit and human eyes, as well as those of the whole rabbit eye, in the frequency range of 0.13–0.32 THz.MethodsThe experiments were carried out on 3 corneas and 3 rabbit scleras, 2 whole rabbit eyes, and 3 human healthy adult scleras using a specially developed THz system based on reliable and easy‐to‐use continuous wave sources: a backward‐wave oscillator and an avalanche transit‐time diode.ResultsThe transmittance spectra of the cornea and the sclera and the dependence of the reflection coefficient of these tissues in THz range on water percentage content were determined. Comparison of the rabbit cornea hydrated from 73.2% to 76.3% concentration by mass demonstrated an approximately linear relationship between THz reflectivity and water concentration. The decrease of free water concentration by 1% leads to a drop of the reflectance coefficient by 13%. The parameters studied displayed noticeable differences between the sclera and the cornea of rabbits and between rabbit sclera and human sclera.ConclusionsPreliminary results demonstrate that the proposed technique, based on continuous THz radiation, may be used to create a device for noninvasive testing of corneal and scleral hydration, which has good potential of wide‐scale practical application.The work was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (grant No.15‐29‐03843)
Evolution of cataract surgery. Past, present and future
Authors: Barraquer J. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeSuccessful recuperation of vision of a blind eye (cataract?) after forceful rubbing of the eye (producing luxation of the lens?) has been mentioned in the Holy Bible in the 1rst Century (C.).MethodsIn the 18th C. (1789) the aspiration of cataract was considered. In the 19th C. extracapsular cataract removal was practised but the formation of secondary cataract could not be prevented. In 1917 Prof. Ignacio Barraquer developed a suction cup to remove the cataract ‘in toto’, only possible in case of mature cataract and weak zonule. In 1958 Joaquín Barraquer started to inject alphachymotrypsin into the posterior chamber for enzymatic zonulolysis permitting removal of the lens after 2 min. High optical correction was imperative.ResultsRidley recommended extracapsular extraction and introduction of a +20 D lens between the posterior capsule and the iris. Lens luxation into the vitreous cavity or the anterior chamber was a danger. Strampelli suggested a three‐point anterior chamber lens but contact with the endothelium increased the danger of corneal decompensation. Binkhorst suggested iris fixation.ConclusionsAt present, placement of the lens in the capsule, centered with the pupil, is preferred, permitting good near and distance vision without glasses.
Reduction in peripapillary retinal thickness after Thalidomide Treatment in Patients with POEMS Syndrome
Authors: hirotaka Y. , Toshiyuki O. , Masayasu K. , Takayuki B. , Shuichi Y. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo determine whether thalidomide treatment can reduce the optic disc edema in patients with the polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational case series. We studied 14 eyes of 7 treatment naïve patients with POEMS syndrome. Thalidomide treatment was initiated with 100 mg daily and thalidomide dose was subsequently increased to 300 mg daily and 12 mg/m2 dexamethasone was combined on 4 days of monthly intervals. The peripapillary retinal thickness (pRT) thickness was determined by spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) to assess the degree of optic disc edema. The pRT thickness were measured at the baseline and 6 months after the thalidomide treatment. The SD‐OCT examinations consisted of circle scans of 3.45 mm diameter centered on the optic disc. The serum level of VEGF was also determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) at the baseline and 6 months after beginning the treatment. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to determine if the differences between the pRT at the baseline and 6 months after the treatment were significant. We also determined if the differences in the serum levels of VEGF at the baseline and 6 months after the treatment were significant.ResultsAt the baseline, the mean pRT was 674.7 ± 300.3 μm and the mean serum level of VEGF was 5902 ± 2237 pg/ml. At 6 months after the treatment, the mean serum level of VEGF was significantly decreased to 1491 ± 2062 pg/ml (p < 0.01) and the pRT was significantly decreased to 356.5 ± 108.2 μm (p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur results showed that thalidomide treatment reduced the peripapillary retinal thickness together with a decrease in the serum VEGF levels. These findings suggest that the optic disc edema might be due to elevated serum levels of VEGF.
Oguchi disease due to a novel mutation in the GRK1 gene
Authors: De Zaeytijd J. , Zeitz C. , Leroy B.P. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo present the phenotype and genotype of a patient with Oguchi disease, a rare autosomal recessive form of congenital stationary night blindness.MethodsA 20‐year old lady of Indian ethnicity presented with a history of congenital nyctalopia. She underwent an extensive ophthalmological and genetic work‐up.ResultsBCVA was 6/6 in both eyes. Slit‐lamp examination was unremarkable. Fundoscopy revealed a bilateral, widespread golden‐yellow discoloration and peripheral patches of normal, darker pigmentation. Blue‐light fundus autofluorescence imaging and visual field testing were normal. Spectral domain OCT showed a normal anatomic retinal structure, however with hyperreflectivity and blending of the ISe, COST and RPE layers. Absent rod responses in the dark‐adapted state, electronegative maximal combined responses and subnormal light‐adapted responses were detected on full‐field ERG. After prolonged dark‐adaptation, the fundus appearance was normal (Mizuo‐Nakamura phenomenon) with partial recovery of the rod‐specific ERG responses. DNA analysis confirmed the clinical diagnosis of Oguchi disease and revealed homozygosity for a novel deletion in the GRK1 gene (c.1549_1559del – p.Pro517Glyfs*).ConclusionsA patient with Oguchi disease due to homozygosity for a novel mutation in the GRK1 gene is described, increasing the total number of causative mutations and confirming the role of GRK1 in the pathogenesis of this very rare disorder.
A case of bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy secondary to Cobimetinib treatment
Authors: Martinez M. , Idoate A. , Honrubia A. , Esteban O. , Sánchez J.I. , Perez I. , Almenara C. , Ascaso J. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeOn November 2015, Cobimetinib (Cotellic®) was approved for usingin combination with Vemurafenib to treat adult patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600 mutation. We report a case of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) associated with Cobimetinib treatment.MethodsA 48‐year‐old male patient complained of a blurred spot in the center of vision in both eyes. The patient was diagnosed with metastatic melanoma and had begun the treatment with 60 mg of Cobimetinib 2 days before the symptoms appeared.ResultsBest‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 bilaterally, slit‐lamp examination and Goldmann applanation intraocular pressure (IOP) were normal. Funduscopy revealed a bilateral dome‐shaped subretinal macular elevation on both eyes. Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) showed macular edema with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) detachment in both eyes. Treatment was suspended and within 5 days macular morphology was normal. He started with a lower dose of Cobimetinib, 40 mg once daily, and a month later he is not presenting any retinal alteration.ConclusionsAlthough CSC is considered an idiopathic disease, it is really important to perform a thorough anamnesis and to look for the etiology, especially when it is a bilateral case like this one. In CSC secondary to Cobimetinib, it is really necessary to adjust the dose of the drug because CSC usually disappears. Leaving this therapy is not an option for many patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. SD‐OCT could play an important role in the dose adjustment to avoid CSC in these patients. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of bilateral CSC secondary to Cobimetinib treatment for metastatic melanoma.
MonPack One and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rodrigo M.J. , Obís J. , Cipres Alastuey M. , Vilades E. , García‐Martín E. , Satué M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo asses visual function in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) using the new device MonPack One visual stimulator (Metrovision, France).MethodsForty eight eyes from relapsing‐remiting MS patients and forty six eyes from controls were included. Disease duration, ophthalmic outbreaks and type of treatment were assessed. All patients underwent visual function evaluation using MonPack One visual stimulator. The protocol consisted of psychophysical tests (low contrast 10% ETDRS visual acuity ‐VA‐, contrast sensitivity [1, 2, 5, 10, 20 cycles per degree], FAST 30 static visual field, and electrophysiological testing (pattern electroretinography‐ERG‐, multifocal reversal visual evoked potential ‐VEP‐)ResultsA statistically significant decrease was observed in the MS group compared with controls in low contrast 10% VA (0.08 ± 0.27 vs. 0.43 ± 0.50, respectively), well‐read number letters (39.70 ± 5.58 vs. 31.90 ± 8.20), low (0.5 and 1 cpd; p < 0.05) and medium spatial frequencies (2 and 5 cpd; p < 0.05) in contrast sensitivity, in all visual field parameters and central (1,556.81 ± 1,120.97 vs. 798.80 ± 585.58 nV/deg²) inferior nasal (798.50 ± 390.14 vs. 523.90 ± 262.71) and inferior temporal (830.40 ± 380.09 vs. 677.55 ± 730.19) sectors of the multifocal VEP. No differences were found in pattern ERG.ConclusionsMonPack One visual stimulator allowed the study of visual function in a controlled and protocolarized way. MonPack One detected low contrast visual acuity, contrast sensibility, visual field, and multifocal visual evoked potential alterations in patients with MS.