bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal mismatch repair and other clinicopathologic predictors of poor response to progestin treatment in young women with endometrial complex atypical hyperplasia and well‐differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma: a consecutive case series
Authors: Zakhour M , Cohen JG , Gibson A , Walts AE , Karimian B , Baltayan A , Aoyama C , Garcia L , Dhaliwal SK , Elashoff D , Amneus M , Walsh C 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo report the response to progestin therapy in young women with endometrial complex atypical hyperplasia (CAH) or FIGO grade 1 endometrial adenocarcinoma (FIGO 1 EAC) based on clinicopathologic features, including abnormal DNA mismatch repair (MMR) by immunohistochemistry (IHC).DesignConsecutive case series.SettingOlive View‐UCLA Medical Center in Sylmar, CA, USA, and Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, CA, USA.PopulationWomen ≤55 years old with CAH or FIGO 1 EAC.MethodsResponse to progestin therapy in 84 consecutive patients was assessed based on clinicopathologic factors, including age, body mass index (BMI), initial histology, and IHC staining for MMR proteins.Main outcome measuresRates of abnormal MMR protein expression and response to progestin therapy were determined.ResultsSix (7%) patients had abnormal IHC staining, of whom five (83%) had FIGO 1 EAC at initial diagnosis. Following progestin treatment, none of the endometrial lesions in patients with abnormal IHC for MMR proteins had resolution of hyperplasia or malignancy, in contrast to 41 (53%) with normal staining (P = 0.028). Age ≤40 years and initial lesion (CAH versus FIGO 1 EAC) were predictors of response to progestin; BMI was not.ConclusionsIn this cohort, 7% of women ≤55 years of age with CAH or FIGO 1 EAC had loss of MMR proteins by IHC. These patients had a higher incidence of invasive cancer and a lower incidence of resolution with progestin therapy.Tweetable abstractAbnormal MMR protein expression predicts poor response to progestins in young women with CAH or FIGO 1 EAC.
The Changing Roles of Community Health Workers
Authors: Malcarney Mary‐Beth , Pittman Patricia , Quigley Leo , Horton Katherine , Seiler Naomi 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo examine what different types of employers value in hiring community health workers (CHWs) and determine what new competencies CHWs might need to meet workforce demands in the context of an evolving payment landscape and substantial literature suggesting that CHWs are uniquely qualified to address health disparities.Study DesignWe used a multimethod approach, including a literature review, development of a database of 76 programs, interviews with 24 key informants, and a qualitative comparison of major CHW competency lists.Principal FindingsWe find a shift in CHW employment settings from community‐based organizations to hospitals/health systems. Providers that hire CHWs directly, as opposed to partnering with community organizations, report that they value education and training more highly than traditional characteristics, such as peer status. We find substantial similarities across competency lists, but a gap in competencies that relate to CHWs’ ability to integrate into health systems while maintaining their unique identity.ConclusionsAs CHW integration into health care organizations advances, and as states move forward with CHW certification efforts, it is important to develop new competencies that relate to CHW–health system integration. Chief among them is the ability to explain and defend the CHW's unique occupational identity.
Implantable cardioverter defibrillators for primary prevention in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Akel Tamer , Lafferty James 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundImplantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have proved their favorable outcomes on survival in selected patients with cardiomyopathy. Although previous meta‐analyses have shown benefit for their use in primary prevention, the evidence remains less robust for patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) in comparison to patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of ICD therapy on reducing all‐cause mortality and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with NICM.Data sourcesPubMed (1993‐2016), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2000‐2016), reference lists of relevant articles, and previous meta‐analyses. Search terms included defibrillator, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, randomized controlled trials, and clinical trials.Study selectionEligible trials were randomized controlled trials with at least an arm of ICD, an arm of medical therapy and enrolled some patients with NICM. The primary endpoint in the trials should include all‐cause mortality or mortality from SCD.Data extractionHazard ratios (HRs) for all‐cause mortality and mortality from SCD were either extracted or calculated along with their standard errors.Data synthesisOf the 1047 abstracts retained by the initial screen, eight randomized controlled trials were identified. Five of these trials reported relevant data regarding patients with NICM and were subsequently included in this meta‐analysis. Pooled analysis of HRs suggested a statistically significant reduction in all‐cause mortality among a total of 2573 patients randomized to ICD vs medical therapy (HR 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67‐0.96; P=.02). Pooled analysis of HRs for mortality from SCD was also statistically significant (n=1677) (HR 0.51; 95% CI, 0.34‐0.76; P=.001).ConclusionICD implantation is beneficial in terms of all‐cause mortality and mortality from SCD in certain subgroups of patients with NICM.
REGULATION STRATEGIES FOR THE PROVISION OF PATERNALISTIC GOODS
Authors: LEVAGGI Laura , LEVAGGI Rosella 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, we analyze the regulation of markets for the provision of services whose costs are subsidized for paternalistic reasons. We model the choice of a benevolent regulator who wants to maximize consumer welfare in a setting where quality cannot be verified and the good provided is fully subsidized. The choice is thus made between two types of providers (profit maximizers and altruistic providers) and two frameworks (monopoly franchise and quality competition). Our analysis shows that in this environment the performance of mixed markets is always dominated by pure forms. Moreover, although making efficient providers compete for the market minimizes cost, the choice of quality competition with altruistic providers may be preferable from a welfare point of view whenever service quality is relevant and the productivity differential is not substantial.
Early menarche and risk‐taking behavior in Korean adolescent students
Authors: Kim Hyun Soo , Choe Byeong Moo , Park Jae Hong , Kim Seong Hwan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study is to assess the correlation between early menarche and risk‐taking behavior in a representative sample of Korean adolescent students.MethodsData were drawn from a cross‐sectional, nationally representative sample of 33 829 female adolescents (grades 7‐12) from the 2014 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web‐based Survey. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to test the association between early menarche and risk‐taking behavior.ResultsFemale adolescents who experienced menarche at an earlier age tended to have an earlier initiation of sexual intercourse (odds ratio [OR] 4.61, 95% CI, 3.05‐6.98, P = .001), smoking (OR 4.29, 95% CI, 3.75‐4.9, P < .001), alcohol drinking (OR 1.13, 95% CI, 1.02‐1.24, P < .001), and substance use (OR 25.16, 95% CI, 18.78‐33.72, P < .001). These adolescents were also at greater risk of pregnancy (OR 4.05, 95% CI, 2.56‐6.41, P = .01) and sexually transmitted diseases (OR 2.35, 95% CI, 1.66‐3.33, P < .001).DiscussionEarly menarche is significantly associated with risk‐taking behavior in Korean adolescent students. This finding suggests that early educational intervention and social programs are needed for female adolescents with early menarche.
Up‐and‐left as a spatial cue of leadership
Authors: Paladino Maria Paola , Mazzurega Mara , Bonfiglioli Claudia 
Published: January 2017

Cues of leadership are features that signal who is (or who is expected to be) the leader in a specific context. Although their use is widespread, empirical research is scarce, especially for spatial positioning as a sign of leadership. Based on work on spatial biases, we suggest here that the upper‐left corner of a page is a spatial position associated with leadership. In the present studies (N = 455), we investigated this hypothesis and showed that a layout with a photograph positioned in the upper‐left corner (compared to the upper‐right, lower‐left, or lower‐right corner) led people to infer that the person portrayed in the photograph had a leading (vs. subordinate) role in the organization. Participants also thought that the upper‐left corner was the ideal spatial position to convey a leading (vs. subordinate) role in an organization. Implications of these results for symbols of leadership and spatial biases are discussed.
Schisandrol B protects against cholestatic liver injury through pregnane X receptors
Authors: Zeng Hang , Jiang Yiming , Chen Pan , Fan Xiaomei , Li Dongshun , Liu Aiming , Ma Xiaochao , Xie Wen , Liu Peiqing , Gonzalez Frank J , Huang Min , Bi Huichang 
Published: January 2017

Background and PurposeCurrently, ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid are the only two FDA‐approved drugs for cholestatic liver diseases. Thus, new therapeutic approaches need to be developed. Here we have evaluated the anti‐cholestasis effects of Schisandrol B (SolB), a bioactive compound isolated from Schisandra sphenanthera.Experimental ApproachHepatoprotective effect of SolB against intrahepatic cholestasis, induced by lithocholic acid (LCA), was evaluated in mice. Metabolomic analysis and gene analysis were used to assess involvement of pregnane X receptor (PXR). Molecular docking, cell‐based reporter gene analysis and knockout mice were used to demonstrate the critical role of the PXR pathway in the anti‐cholestasis effects of SolB.Key ResultsSolB protected against LCA‐induced intrahepatic cholestasis. Furthermore, therapeutic treatment with SolB decreased mortality in cholestatic mice. Metabolomics and gene analysis showed that SolB accelerated metabolism of bile acids, promoted bile acid efflux into the intestine, and induced hepatic expression of the PXR‐target genes Cyp3a11, Ugt1a1, and Oatp2, which are involved in bile acid homeostasis. Mechanistic studies showed that SolB activated human PXR and up‐regulated PXR target genes in human cell lines. Additionally, SolB did not protect Pxr‐null mice from liver injury induced by intrahepatic cholestasis, thus providing genetic evidence that the effect of SolB was PXR‐dependent.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese findings provide direct evidence for the hepatoprotective effects of SolB against cholestasis by activating PXR. Therefore, SolB may provide a new and effective approach to the prevention and treatment of cholestatic liver diseases.
Adolescent Sleep Duration, Variability, and Peak Levels of Achievement and Mental Health
Authors: Fuligni Andrew J. , Arruda Erin H. , Krull Jennifer L. , Gonzales Nancy A. 
Published: January 2017

To inform public health recommendations for adolescent sleep, the amounts of sleep associated with the highest levels of academic achievement and mental health were examined. The degree to which daily variability in sleep duration represents an underappreciated but functionally significant sleep behavior also was tested. A total of 421 adolescents (Mage = 15.03 years) with Mexican‐American backgrounds reported nightly sleep times for 2 weeks; approximately 80% repeated the same protocol 1 year later. Multilevel modeling indicated that the amount of sleep associated with the lowest levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms was more than 1 hr greater than the amount associated with the highest levels of academic performance. Greater daily variability in sleep duration predicted greater symptomatology and mixed academic outcomes.
Transplantation tolerance: the big picture. Where do we stand, where should we go?
Authors: Waldmann H 
Published: January 2017

Summary
A major goal in organ transplantation has been to safely exploit the natural processes of immune tolerance in order to minimize the dose and duration of drug immunosuppression. In this commentary, I argue that we can learn from how tumours avoid rejection, to evolve a three-stage tolerance-inducing strategy for transplanted tissues.
MicroRNA‐9 inhibits the gastric cancer cell proliferation by targeting TNFAIP8
Authors: Gao Hong‐Yu , Huo Fu‐Chun , Wang Hai‐Yan , Pei Dong‐Sheng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground and objectivesMicroRNA‐9 is frequently dysregulated in many human carcinoma types, including gastric cancer (GC). Previous studies demonstrated that the expression of TNFAIP8 in GC is correlated with tumour occurrence, development, invasion, metastasis and prognosis. However, till now, the relationship between MicroRNA‐9 and TNFAIP8 in GC has not been reported.Materials and methodsLevels of miR‐9 and TNFAIP8 expression in GC tissues and in human GC cell lines were studied using qualitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and Western blotting. Cell viability was detected using the CCK‐8 and clone formation assays. A dual‐luciferase reporter system was used to confirm the target gene of miR‐9.ResultsWe found that the expression level of MicroRNA‐9 in GC tissues and cell lines was significantly lower than that in adjacent non‐cancerous tissues and human immortalized gastric epithelial cell (GES) line, respectively. In addition, overexpression of MicroRNA‐9 markedly inhibited GC cell proliferation in vitro and tumour growth in vivo. Further experiments revealed that TNFAIP8 was a direct and functional target of MicroRNA‐9 in GC and overexpression of MicroRNA‐9 obviously down‐regulated the expression of TNFAIP8, which was involved in the gastric carcinogenesis and cancer progression.ConclusionOur results suggested that MicroRNA‐9‐TNFAIP8 might represent a promising diagnostic biomarker for GC patients and could be a potential therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of GC.
Conceptual Role Semantics and the Reference of Moral Concepts
Authors: Sinclair Neil 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the prospects for a conceptual or functional role theory of moral concepts. It is argued that such an account is well‐placed to explain both the irreducibility and practicality of moral concepts. Several versions of conceptual role semantics for moral concepts are distinguished, depending on whether the concept‐constitutive conceptual roles are (i) wide or narrow (ii) normative or non‐normative and (iii) purely doxastic or conative. It is argued that the most plausible version of conceptual role semantics for moral concepts involves only ‘narrow’ conceptual roles, where these include connections to motivational, desire‐like, states. In the penultimate section it is argued, contrary to what Wedgwood, Enoch and others have claimed, that such an account of moral concepts cannot plausibly be combined with the claim that moral concepts refer to robust properties.
Reducing conditions in soil of Gallocanta Lake, northeast Spain
Authors: Castañeda C. , Luna E. , Rabenhorst M. 
Published: January 2017

Saline wetlands have received limited attention from researchers and this neglect has often resulted in their degradation and limited conservation, and insufficient information to design conservation and management plans. Gallocanta Lake is a nature reserve of international importance for winter birds. The importance of the soil here, which supports niches and protected habitats for certain species of birds, has been recognized more recently. The soil of Gallocanta Lake undergoes strong oscillations of saturation and drainage followed by drying because of irregular rain and variable flooding conditions associated with fluctuations in the level of the lake. This study examined reducing conditions and morphological indicators of reduction in the soil around the lake with indicators of reduction in soils (IRIS) tubes, which are coated with iron oxides. We surveyed five sites for between 22 and 34 weeks. The average amount of iron removed from the IRIS tubes during the period studied ranged between 4 and 96%. The intensity of reduction in the soil differs according to subtle topographic differences between sites; it increases with the decrease in elevation. The large soil salinity (electrical conductivity saturated soil extract, ECe, from 18.1 to 182 dS m–1), carbonate‐rich composition (from 18.4 to 69.7% calcium carbonate equivalent, CCE) and overall small organic matter content (from 0.4 to 6.2% organic matter) do not seem to constrain iron mobilization because of the reducing conditions. Differences in iron depletion and patterns on the IRIS tubes show the heterogeneity of soil conditions and the complexity of factors involved in redox processes. Further research is needed to gain knowledge of the redox processes in the context of pedogenesis in semiarid lacustrine environments.HighlightsHow soil intermittently exposed to waterlogging expresses redox conditions.
Current reducing conditions are evident in a fluctuating saline lake by IRIS tubes.
Soil reduction occurs in alkaline soil with intermittent waterlogging.
IRIS tubes are suitable field indicators of the heterogeneity of soil reducing conditions in saline lakes.
Is EU Administrative Law Failing in Some of Its Crucial Tasks?
Authors: Chiti Edoardo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBeneath the surface of steady changes in EU administrative law lurk a number of long‐term, structural problems. In this article, I argue that, because of these structural problems, EU administrative law is failing in some of its crucial tasks: (1) finding a balance between administrative convergence and administrative diversity within the EU legal system, (2) structuring administrative power and its exercise, (3) governing administrative instability. EU administrative law, however, is not necessarily trapped in the status quo. By identifying and articulating a number of long‐term problems, this article aims at providing some tools that future research could use in the discussion on the possible ways forward. More generally, it suggests that EU administrative law should be reshaped as a project of institutional design.
Responsive Adjudication and the ‘Social Legitimacy’ of the Internal Market
Authors: Mulder Jotte 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article is concerned with the social legitimacy of EU free movement adjudication. What does social legitimacy entail within the multi‐level ‘embedded liberalism’ construction of the internal market? How can the objective of free movement (market access) and a commitment to social diversity both be pursued without one necessarily trumping the other? This article seeks to contribute to these questions on the basis of a discussion of what has come to be known as the argument from transnational effects and the development of an adjudicative model that can be termed ‘socially responsive’. On the basis of an ‘ideal types’ analysis of the case law of the Court, it is concluded that responsiveness to Member State social context is lacking in any coherent form in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. However, a responsive model of adjudication can be (re)constructed by streamlining the identified ideal type adjudicative rationales. In the midst of this process of discovery, an operational rationale to establish the substantive (social) scope and reach of the internal market shall be submitted.
Minority Representation in Migraine Treatment Trials
Authors: Robbins Nathaniel M. , Bernat James L. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundMinorities have historically been underrepresented in clinical research trials despite having comparatively poor health indicators. Recognizing the dual inequalities of increased disease burden and decreased research participation, the National Institute of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act of 1993 mandated the inclusion and reporting of women and minorities in NIH‐funded research. While progress has been made in the subsequent decades, this underrepresentation of minorities in research trials persists and has been documented in multiple disciplines. However, the extent of adequate representation and reporting of minority inclusion in clinical trials for migraine remains unknown.ObjectivesIn this systematic review and study, we review the literature examining the representation of women and minorities in migraine clinical research trialsMethodsFirst we searched PubMed for pertinent articles examining the inclusion of women and minorities in migraine clinical research trials. Second, we identified controlled‐trials for migraine published since 2011 in major neurology, headache, and general medicine journals using the terms “migraine randomized controlled trial.” We then reviewed the results manually and excluded pilot studies and those with fewer than 50 participants. We next determined (a) how frequently representation of minorities and women were reported in these major trials; (b) what factors correlated with reporting; and (c) whether women and minority inclusion comprised their ratios in the general population.ResultsWe identified 128 relevant clinical trials, of which 36 met our inclusion criteria. All 36 trials (100%) reported gender frequency, and 25 of 36 (69.4%) reported ethnicity or race. Among all studies, women and Whites represented 84.2 and 82.9% of participants (mean), respectively. Studies conducted in the United States and funded by a private company were more likely to report race than studies conducted exclusively outside of the U.S. or with a public sponsor. No studies stratified efficacy or safety by ethnicity or gender. Men and non‐Whites in the U.S. were statistically underrepresented.ConclusionsMost recent headache studies comply with the NIH mandate to include women and minorities in research trials, particularly U.S.‐based and industry‐funded studies. Whites are overrepresented compared to both the general population and the population of migraineurs. Future studies should strive to increase minority participation and investigate race‐based differences in migraine expression, treatment response, and medication toxicity.
HIV incidence in an open national cohort of men who have sex with men attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in England
Authors: Desai S , Nardone A , Hughes G , Delpech V , Burns F , Hart G , Gill ON 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine HIV incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) who repeat test for HIV at sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics in England, and identify associated factors.MethodsAnnual HIV incidence and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for a national cohort of MSM who tested HIV negative at any STI clinic in England in 2012 and had a follow‐up test within 1 year using routinely collected data. Cox regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of HIV acquisition and population attributable risk for HIV infection was calculated for predictors.ResultsIn 2012, 85 500 MSM not known to be HIV positive attended any STI clinic in England, and 31% tested for HIV at least twice within 1 year at the same clinic. HIV incidence was 2.0 per 100 person‐years (PY; 95% CI 1.8–2.2) among repeat testers. Incidence was higher among MSM of black ethnicity (3.2 per 100 PY) and those with a bacterial STI diagnosis at the initial attendance (3.2 per 100 PY). MSM with a previous syphilis or gonorrhoea infection were at significantly greater risk of acquiring HIV in the subsequent year [adjusted hazard ratio 4.1 (95% CI 2.0–8.3) and 2.1 (95% CI 1.4–3.2), respectively]. The predictors accounted for 37% of HIV infections.ConclusionsAnnual HIV incidence among MSM attending STI clinics in England is high. Previous STIs were predictors of HIV acquisition but only accounted for one in five infections. More discriminatory behavioural predictors of HIV acquisition could provide better triaging of HIV prevention services for MSM attending STI clinics.