bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bias caused by water adsorption in hourly PM measurements
Authors: Kiss Gyula , Imre Kornélia , Molnár Ágnes , Gelencsér András 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Beta-attenuation monitors are used worldwide to monitor PM mass concentration with high temporal resolution. Hourly PM10 and PM2. 5 dry mass concentrations are publicly available with the tacit assumption that water is effectively removed prior to the measurement. However, as both the filter material of the monitor and the aerosol particles are capable of retaining a significant amount of water even at low relative humidities, the basic assumption may not be valid, resulting in significant bias in reported PM10 and PM2. 5 concentrations. Here we show that in PM10 measurement, particle-free air can produce apparent hourly average PM concentrations in the range of −13–+21 µg m−3 under conditions of fluctuating relative humidity. Positive and negative apparent readings are observed with increasing and decreasing relative humidities, respectively. Similar phenomena have been observed when the instrument filter was previously loaded with atmospheric aerosol. As a result the potential measurement biases in hourly readings arising from the interaction with water may be in the range of −53… + 69 %.
Update of the Polar SWIFT model for polar stratospheric ozone loss (Polar SWIFT version 2)
Authors: Wohltmann Ingo , Lehmann Ralph , Rex Markus 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The Polar SWIFT model is a fast scheme for calculating the chemistry of stratospheric ozone depletion in polar winter. It is intended for use in global climate models (GCMs) and Earth system models (ESMs) to enable the simulation of mutual interactions between the ozone layer and climate. To date, climate models often use prescribed ozone fields, since a full stratospheric chemistry scheme is computationally very expensive. Polar SWIFT is based on a set of coupled differential equations, which simulate the polar vortex-averaged mixing ratios of the key species involved in polar ozone depletion on a given vertical level. These species are O3, chemically active chlorine (ClOx), HCl, ClONO2 and HNO3. The only external input parameters that drive the model are the fraction of the polar vortex in sunlight and the fraction of the polar vortex below the temperatures necessary for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds. Here, we present an update of the Polar SWIFT model introducing several improvements over the original model formulation. In particular, the model is now trained on vortex-averaged reaction rates of the ATLAS Chemistry and Transport Model, which enables a detailed look at individual processes and an independent validation of the different parameterizations contained in the differential equations. The training of the original Polar SWIFT model was based on fitting complete model runs to satellite observations and did not allow for this. A revised formulation of the system of differential equations is developed, which closely fits vortex-averaged reaction rates from ATLAS that represent the main chemical processes influencing ozone. In addition, a parameterization for the HNO3 change by denitrification is included. The rates of change of the concentrations of the chemical species of the Polar SWIFT model are purely chemical rates of change in the new version, whereas in the original Polar SWIFT model, they included a transport effect caused by the original training on satellite data. Hence, the new version allows for an implementation into climate models in combination with an existing stratospheric transport scheme. Finally, the model is now formulated on several vertical levels encompassing the vertical range in which polar ozone depletion is observed. The results of the Polar SWIFT model are validated with independent Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite observations and output from the original detailed chemistry model of ATLAS.
Switching deformation mode and mechanisms during subduction of continental crust: a case study from Alpine Corsica
Authors: Molli Giancarlo , Menegon Luca , Malasoma Alessandro 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The switching in deformation mode (from distributed to localized) and mechanisms (viscous versus frictional) represent a relevant issue in the frame of crustal deformation, being also connected with the concept of the brittle–ductile transition and seismogenesis. In a subduction environment, switching in deformation mode and mechanisms and scale of localization may be inferred along the subduction interface, in a transition zone between the highly coupled (seismogenic zone) and decoupled deeper aseismic domain (stable slip). However, the role of brittle precursors in nucleating crystal-plastic shear zones has received more and more consideration being now recognized as fundamental in some cases for the localization of deformation and shear zone development, thus representing a case in which switching deformation mechanisms and scale and style of localization (deformation mode) interact and relate to each other. This contribution analyses an example of a millimetre-scale shear zone localized by brittle precursor formed within a host granitic protomylonite. The studied structures, developed in ambient pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions of low-grade blueschist facies (temperature T of ca. 300 °C and pressure P ≥ 0. 70 GPa) during involvement of Corsican continental crust in the Alpine subduction. We used a multidisciplinary approach by combining detailed microstructural and petrographic analyses, crystallographic preferred orientation by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and palaeopiezometric studies on a selected sample to support an evolutionary model and deformation path for subducted continental crust. We infer that the studied structures, possibly formed by transient instability associated with fluctuations of pore fluid pressure and episodic strain rate variations, may be considered as a small-scale example of fault behaviour associated with a cycle of interseismic creep and coseismic rupture or a new analogue for episodic tremors and slow-slip structures. Our case study represents, therefore, a fossil example of association of fault structures related to stick-slip strain accommodation during subduction of continental crust.
New and Old Perspectives in the Study of Salafism
Authors: Weismann Itzchak 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This review article attempts to assess the contribution of Henri Lauzière's recently published The Making of Salafism to the ongoing scholarly debate in the light of the extant literature. It examines his treatment of the three major issues that at present preoccupy the students of Salafism. The most urgent issue touches on the sources of friction between the various contemporary trends within the overall Salafi framework, and especially the causes of the drift of some Salafis to violence. This is associated with the issue of the various components that combine to constitute today's Salafi “movement,” most notably the relationship between Salafism and Saudi Arabia's Wahhabism. Finally, and most pertinently to Lauzière's book, is the issue of the Salafiyya's modern trajectory, which is itself divided into two questions. One is the affinity of the modern Salafiyya to the medieval Hanbali heritage of Ibn Taymiyya and the historic Wahhabiyya; the other refers to the role of the late nineteenth-/early twentieth-century Islamic reformers in the formation of modern Salafism.
“The Sole Province of the Public Reader”: Elocutionist Hallie Quinn Brown's Performances of the Poetry of Paul Laurence Dunbar
Authors: Harris Amy Hobbs 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
From the 1880s through the 1910s, elocution, the art of reciting literature, flourished. While remembered today as an eclectic aspect of nineteenth-century school curricula, professional elocutionists' dramatic recitations were popular events. Unlike authors who read their original works or theater troupes who presented plays, elocutionists performed previously published literature as soloists; some even called themselves “public readers,” who offered their interpretations as creative acts. This article examines the understudied writings of African American elocutionist Hallie Quinn Brown and the archival collection of her programs and performance posters. Often billed as an interpreter of Paul Laurence Dunbar's poetry, Brown's public readings of his dialect poetry, including “The Party,” enhanced her audience's silent reading of Dunbar's work. Examining Brown's archival record leads us to think more carefully about how Dunbar may have crafted his dialect poems. For example, situating “The Party” in the context of other elocutionary recital pieces highlights how the poem subverts the conventions of these popular poems.
Rundvisning og interview i Second Life (podcasts)
Authors: Grund Cynthia M. M. , Andresen Mads Stenhøj , Blok Rasmus , Christensen Inger-Marie 
Published: July 2017

Artiklen er uden for reviewArtiklen indeholder rundvisning ved avatar Gunhild Soderstrom i Second Life og interview med avatar Gunhild Soderstrom i Seconf Life.Har du problemer med at afspille video, som er embedded i PDF, kan du åbne dem her: Rundvisning med avatar Gunhild SoderstromInterview med avatar Gunhild Soderstrom
Apps i anatomiundervisningen - perspektiver for et nyt learning design
Authors: Videbaek Solvej , Bøgh Nikolaj , Steffensen Ellen Hollands , Gullaksen Søren 
Published: July 2017

Dansk
Formålet med denne artikel var at diskutere, hvordan Learning Design kan anvendes ved implementering af mobile platforme i undervisningen på universitetsniveau. Med udgangspunkt i teoretiske modeller og undervisernes overvejelser diskuteres brug af Learning Design og implementering informationsteknologi med afsæt i anvendelse af applikationer til tablets og smartphones i anatomiundervisningen på Aarhus Universitet. Sekundært præsenterer artiklen resultater fra et pilotprojekt i anatomiundervisningen på medicinstudiet, Aarhus Universitet, der viser, at de studerende er positivt indstillede over for informationsteknologi i undervisningen, at de er teknologiparate, og at anatomiapplikationerne forbedrer de studerendes oplevelse af tredimensional forståelse. Ved anvendelse af et veltilrettelagt Learning Design kan undervisningssessioner og kurser designes til i højere grad at anvende informations- og uddannelsesteknologi i integrerede læringsforløb.

English
The purpose of the this study was to discuss how Learning Design can be used when implementing mobile learning devices in education at universities. Based on theoretical models and the teachers’ thoughts and reflections, the use of Learning Design and implementation of information technology is discussed on the basis of using tablets and smartphones with anatomy specific applications in anatomy courses at the School of medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark. Secondarily, the results from a pilot project including tablets in anatomy teaching are presented, showing that the students have a positive attitude towards information technology in education, that they are used to using information technology in education, and that anatomy applications improve the students’ understanding of anatomy in three dimensions. By application of a well-designed Learning Design, teaching sessions can implement information- and educational technology in a combination of in-class and out-of-class.
Bare et spil? Perspektiver i at bruge serious games i arbejdsmiljøundervisningen i erhvervsskolerne
Authors: Pedersen Helene Meldgaard , Bennedsen Gritt , Grytnes Regine 
Published: July 2017

Et godt psykisk arbejdsmiljø på erhvervsskole og læreplads kan være afgørende for, om elever færdiggør deres uddannelse. For at ruste elever til at håndtere problematikker på arbejdspladsen, er det vigtigt med en relevant og virkelighedsnær undervisning i psykisk arbejdsmiljø. I denne artikel undersøger vi perspektiverne i at bruge et bestemt 'serious game', der kombinerer pædagogiske og spilrelaterede elementer, i undervisningen i psykisk arbejdsmiljø på erhvervsskoler i Danmark. Undersøgelsen fokuserer specifikt på læring: hvordan elever og lærlinge tilegner sig viden om de udfordringer og dilemmaer, de kan møde på en arbejdsplads.
Undervisningssitet www.ditarbejdslivnu.dk er et undervisningsmateriale til erhvervsskolernes undervisning i arbejdsmiljø, arbejdspladskultur og samarbejde. Sitet består af et Dilemmaspil, historier baseret på elevers og lærlinges arbejdserfaringer, en vidensbank samt didaktisk materiale. I artiklen inddrages data fra en afprøvning af undervisningssitet foretaget inden for fagene frisør, social- og sundhedshjælper, tømrer samt bygningsmaler.
Resultaterne peger på, at eleverne gennem brug af spillet motiveres til at forholde sig aktivt og reflekterende til de emner og dilemmaer, der præsenteres, og at de identificerer sig med de problematikker, der beskrives af andre unge i de autentiske historier. Ud fra et socialkonstruktivistisk læringsperspektiv diskuterer artiklen, hvilke perspektiver der er i at bruge ’serious games’ i arbejdsmiljøundervisningen.
Association of polymorphic markers of genes FTO, KCNJ11, CDKAL1, SLC30A8, and CDKN2B with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Russian population
Authors: Nikitin Aleksey G. , Potapov Viktor Y. , Brovkina Olga I. , Koksharova Ekaterina O. , Khodyrev Dmitry S. , Philippov Yury I. , Michurova Marina S. , Shamkhalova Minara S. , Vikulova Olga K. , Smetanina Svetlana A. , Suplotova Lyudmila A. , Kononenko Irina V. , Kalashnikov Viktor Y. , Smirnova Olga M. , Mayorov Alexander Y. , Nosikov Valery V. , Averyanov Alexander V. , Shestakova Marina V. 
Published: July 2017

Background
The association of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with the KCNJ11, CDKAL1, SLC30A8, CDKN2B, and FTO genes in the Russian population has not been well studied. In this study, we analysed the population frequencies of polymorphic markers of these genes.

Methods
The study included 862 patients with T2DM and 443 control subjects of Russian origin. All subjects were genotyped for 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the genes using real-time PCR (TaqMan assays). HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were used to measure insulin resistance and β-cell secretory function, respectively.

Results
The analysis of the frequency distribution of polymorphic markers for genes KCNJ11, CDKAL1, SLC30A8 and CDKN2B showed statistically significant associations with T2DM in the Russian population. The association between the FTO gene and T2DM was not statistically significant. The polymorphic markers rs5219 of the KCNJ11 gene, rs13266634 of the SLC30A8 gene, rs10811661 of the CDKN2B gene and rs9465871, rs7756992 and rs10946398 of the CDKAL1 gene showed a significant association with impaired glucose metabolism or impaired β-cell function.

Conclusion
In the Russian population, genes, which affect insulin synthesis and secretion in the β-cells of the pancreas, play a central role in the development of T2DM.
The threshold for continuing saltation on Earth and other solar system bodies
Authors: Berzi D. , Valance A. , Jenkins J. T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe predict the threshold for continuing saltation of spheres in a turbulent fluid that explicitly accounts for the influence of fluid drag, lubrication forces, bed roughness, and interparticle cohesion. This reduces the need for the fitting parameters employed in existing formulations. The theory is based on a highly idealized model of steady saltation as a collection of particles that follow the same average, periodic trajectory—a succession of identical jumps, collisions with the bed, and rebounds from it. The saltation threshold is first derived in the limit of large particle inertia and, then, extended to infer results when the viscous forces of the fluid and interparticle cohesion are not negligible. The theory is successfully compared with existing discrete element simulations of spheres interacting with a Reynolds‐averaged turbulent fluid and with wind tunnel experiments in a range of particle‐to‐fluid density ratios and particle Reynolds numbers for saltation in terrestrial and extraterrestrial conditions.
Occurrence of electrostatic solitary waves in the lunar wake
Authors: Rubia R. , Singh S. V. , Lakhina G. S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn alternative generation mechanism for the electrostatic waves observed in the lunar wake during the first flyby of the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) mission in terms of slow and fast ion‐acoustic and electron‐acoustic solitons is proposed. The lunar wake plasma is modeled by fluid multicomponent magnetized plasma comprising hot protons, hot heavier ions, α particles (He++), electron beam, and suprathermal electrons following kappa distribution. The electric fields associated with the slow and fast ion‐acoustic and electron‐acoustic solitons are in the range of ∼(0.0003–17) mV m−1. This is in excellent agreement with observed electrostatic wave electric field of 5 to 15 mV m−1. The fast Fourier transform of soliton electric fields generates broadband spectra having peak frequencies (corresponding to peak in the power spectra) in the range of ∼(3–1800) Hz. This corresponds to wave frequencies being in the range of ∼(0.001–0.56)fpe, where fpe is the electron plasma frequency. This matches well with the observed frequency range of (0.01–0.4) fpe. Further, the widths and velocities of these solitons are in the range ∼(100–8000) m and ∼(30–1300) km s−1, respectively. Both, soliton widths and velocities, match well with the estimated wavelengths (a few hundred meters to a couple of thousand meters) and estimated phase velocities (of the order of 1000 km s−1) of the electrostatic waves in the lunar wake.
Using remote sensing to detect the polarized sunglint reflected from oil slicks beyond the critical angle
Authors: Lu Yingcheng , Zhou Yang , Liu Yongxue , Mao Zhihua , Qian Weixian , Wang Mengqiu , Zhang Minwei , Xu Jiang , Sun Shaojie , Du Peijun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe critical angle at which the brightness of oil slicks and oil‐free seawater is reversed occurs under sunglint and is often shown as an area of uncertainty due to different roughness and surface Fresnel reflection parameters. Consequently, differentiating oil slicks from the seawater in these areas using optical sensors is a challenge. Polarized optical remote sensing techniques provide complementary information for intensity imagery with different physical properties and, thus, possess the ability to resolve this difficult problem. In the polarized reflectance model, the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) of sunglint depends on accurately knowing the Stokes parameter for the reflected light, and varies with the refractive index of the surface layer and viewing angles. For the polarized detection of oil slicks, the highest sensitivity of the DOLP to the refractive index is located within the specular reflection direction where the sum of the solar and sensor zenith angles is 82.6°. The modeled results clearly indicate that the DOLP of oil slicks is weaker in comparison with oil‐free seawater under sunglint. Using measurements from the space‐borne Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences coupled with Observations from a Lidar (PARASOL) over the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, we illustrate that the PARASOL‐derived DOLP difference between the oil spill and seawater is obvious and is in accordance with the modeled results. These preliminary results suggest that the potential of multiangle measurement and feasibility of deriving refractive index of ocean surface from space‐borne sensors need further researches.
From Childhood to Adulthood: Disease Activity Trajectories in Childhood‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Lim Lily Siok Hoon , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Feldman Brian M. , Lim Lillian , Gladman Dafna D. , Silverman Earl D. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveNo previous study has studied the longitudinal disease course of childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). Our objectives are to assess distinguishable differences in disease activity trajectories in cSLE patients, determine baseline factors predictive of disease trajectory membership, and assess if the different disease activity trajectories are associated with different damage trajectories.MethodsThis is a retrospective, longitudinal inception cohort of cSLE patients. Patients were followed from diagnosis as children, until they were adults. SLE disease activity was modeled as a latent characteristic, jointly using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 and prednisone in a Bayesian growth mixture model. Baseline factors were tested for membership prediction of the latent classes of disease trajectories. Differences in damage trajectories by disease activity classes were tested using a mixed model.ResultsA total of 473 patients (82% females), with median age at diagnosis of 14.1 years, were studied. We studied 11,992 visits (2,666 patient‐years). We identified 5 classes of disease activity trajectories. Baseline major organ involvement, number of American College of Rheumatology criteria, and age at diagnosis predicted memberships into different classes. A higher proportion of Asians was in class 2 compared to class 5. Class 1 was associated with the most accrual of damage, while class 5 was associated with no significant damage accrual, even after 10 years.ConclusionThere are 5 distinct latent classes of disease trajectory in patients with cSLE. Membership within disease trajectories is predicted by baseline clinical and demographic factors. Membership in different disease activity trajectory classes is associated with different damage trajectories.
Discovery of Small Molecules that Induce the Degradation of Huntingtin
Authors: Tomoshige Shusuke , Nomura Sayaka , Ohgane Kenji , Hashimoto Yuichi , Ishikawa Minoru 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by the aggregation of mutant huntingtin (mHtt), and removal of toxic mHtt is expected to be an effective therapeutic approach. We designed two small hybrid molecules (1 and 2) by linking a ligand for ubiquitin ligase (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1; cIAP1) with probes for mHtt aggregates, anticipating that these compounds would recruit cIAP1 to mHtt and induce selective degradation by the ubiquitin‐proteasome system. The synthesized compounds reduced mHtt levels in HD patient fibroblasts and appear to be promising candidates for the development of a treatment for HD.
A pixel‐based semi‐stochastic algorithm for the registration of geophysical images
Authors: Karamitrou Alexandra A. , Tsokas Gregory N. , Petrou Maria 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe availability of overlapping geophysical data produced by different sensors provides complementary information about the investigation area. However, joint interpretation of these geophysical images is challenging. One common problem is the registration of the images that is necessary to compare features appearing in dissimilar datasets. Measurements in archeological geophysics are often performed by handheld devices therefore, the actual location of the measurement could be different from the planned one. These offsets are localized and essentially random. Consequently, it is impossible to correct them following usual deterministic approaches. This paper presents a novel registration method between geophysical images produced from different prospecting methods. We developed a semi‐stochastic, iterative registration algorithm that applies random local transformations in small randomly selected regions of the processed image. The algorithm uses the mutual information of the images as similarity measure due to its suitability in images of different modalities. We use a pair of images to train the algorithm and tune its parameters. Afterwards, we test the method with nine different pairs of geophysical images from various locations and characteristics. The results, in all cases, show a significant increase of the mutual information in comparison with the registration through geographical coordinates.