bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Peierls stress and strain-hardening parameters on EMR emission in metals and alloys during progressive plastic deformation
Authors: Kothari Anmol , Chauhan Vishal S. , Kumar Amit , Kumar Rajeev , Vaish Rahul , Abbas Syed 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The article deals with the development of a theoretical model to predict the nature (amplitude and shape) of deformation-induced electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in metals and alloys during progressive plastic deformation. The model explicitly embraces the effect of Peierls stress and strain hardening to envisage the nature of EMR in materials with relatively large Peierls stress. The theoretical results were evaluated for 0.15 % plain carbon steel and compared with experimental results. The signals obtained from the model were found to be exponential in shape and are in good agreement with the experimental observations. The results suggest that inclusion of strain hardening parameters in the earlier model is necessary for determining deformation induced EMR in bcc metals and alloys during progressive plastic deformation.
Fine Filament Formation Behavior of Polymethylpentene and Polypropylene near Spinneret in Melt Blowing Process
Authors: Ruamsuk R. , Takarada W. , Kikutani T. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Formation behavior of fine fibers of polymethylpentene (PMP) and polypropylene (PP) in the melt blowing process was investigated through the observation of the spin-line near the spinning nozzle using a high speed camera. Reduction of the polymer throughput rate and increase of the air flow rate were necessary to achieve fine diameter fibers, however these conditions generally cause the instability in the spinning process. Observation of the spin-line at the melt blowing die revealed the periodic accumulation of polymer flow near the spinning nozzle followed by the quick pulling down of the accumulated polymer by the air flow. This behavior caused the periodic fluctuation of fiber diameter as well as the intermittent breakage of the spin-line under extreme conditions. Because of high extrusion viscosity, PMP showed more stable spinning behavior than PP. Frequency of diameter fluctuation became higher with the increases of air flow rate and throughput rate, and the maximum frequency of about 60 Hz was observed for PP spinning with the throughput rate of 0.18 g/min. Diameter distribution of the fibers in the prepared web was also analyzed to compare with the spinning behavior. Fiber diameter distributions were narrow and symmetric under stable spinning conditions, whereas skewed diameter profiles with a maximum at low value and a long tail to the larger diameter region were observed under unstable conditions. Intermittent spin-line breakage caused flaws of “shot” and/or “fly”, and the skewed fiber diameter distribution with the presence of a small amount of fiber of extremely large diameter was confirmed.
Using Analytic Morphomics to Understand Short-Term Convalescence after Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Luckenbaugh Amy N. , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Montgomery Jeffrey S. , Lee Cheryl T. , Gilbert Scott M. , Dunn Rodney L. , Friedman Jeffrey F. , Englesbe Michael J. , Wang Stewart C. , Hollingsworth John M. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Data from the general surgery literature suggests that patient morphometric data obtained from preoperative imaging may help predict a patient’s risk around surgery. Objectives: In this context, we evaluated for associations between psoas muscle area and short-term convalescence following radical cystectomy. Methods: After identifying patients who underwent radical cystectomy at our institution (2008 to 2013), we calculated their psoas muscle area from staging computed tomography scans using established analytic morphomic techniques. We then determined early recovery among patients with high and low psoas muscle area using the validated Convalescence and Recovery Evaluation (CARE) questionnaire—a 27-item survey, divided into four domains (activity, cognitive, gastrointestinal, and pain recovery). Finally, we assessed the relationship between psoas muscle area and changes in CARE scores with nested linear regression models. Results: Among the 86 men and among 31 women in our cohort, the median total psoas muscle area was 2,544 mm2 and 1,511 mm2, respectively ( P <  0.001 for the comparison). While there was no association between psoas muscle area and recovery in men, women with higher (versus lower) total psoas muscle area had smaller decreases in their pain scores postoperatively and a quicker return to their baseline level ( P = 0.05). Activity scores also approached baseline levels faster among women with higher psoas muscle area, although this finding did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Psoas muscle area is potentially an important preoperative predictor of recovery for women undergoingradical cystectomy. More broadly speaking, analytic morphomics may represent a novel approach to better understand perioperative risk.
Waterfowl endozoochory: An overlooked long‐distance dispersal mode for Cuscuta (dodder)
Authors: Costea Mihai , Stefanović Saša , García Miguel A. , De La Cruz Susan , Casazza Michael L. , Green Andy J. 
Published: April 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Dispersal of parasitic Cuscuta species (dodders) worldwide has been assumed to be largely anthropomorphic because their seeds do not match any previously known dispersal syndrome and no natural dispersal vectors have been reliably documented. However, the genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution and recent phylogeographic results have indicated that at least18 historical cases of long‐distance dispersal (LDD) have occurred during its evolution. The objective of this study is to report the first LDD biological vector for Cuscuta seeds.METHODS:Twelve northern pintails (Anas acuta) were collected from Suisun Marsh, California and the contents of their lowest part of the large intestine (rectum) were extracted and analyzed. Seed identification was done both morphologically and using a molecular approach. Extracted seeds were tested for germination and compared to seeds not subjected to gut passage to determine the extent of structural changes caused to the seed coat by passing through the digestive tract.KEY RESULTS:Four hundred and twenty dodder seeds were found in the rectum of four northern pintails. From these, 411 seeds were identified as Cuscuta campestris and nine as most likely C. pacifica. The germination rate of C. campestris seeds after gut passage was 55%. Structural changes caused by the gut passage in both species were similar to those caused by an acid scarification.CONCLUSIONS:Endozoochory by waterbirds may explain the historical LDD cases in the evolution of Cuscuta. This also suggests that current border quarantine measures may be insufficient to stopping spreading of dodder pests along migratory flyways.
Intravitreal Injection of Ozurdex® Implant in Patients with Persistent Diabetic Macular Edema, with Six-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Pacella Fernanda , Ferraresi Adriana Francesca , Turchetti Paolo , Lenzi Tommaso , Giustolisi Rosalia , Bottone Andrea , Fameli Valeria , Romano Maria Rosaria , Pacella Elena 
Published: April 2016

Aim To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone injections in diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods A 700 μg slow-release intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex®) was placed in the vitreal cavity of 17 patients (19 eyes) affected with persistent DME. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was assessed through Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Central macular thickness (CMT) was measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. BCVA and CMT examinations were carried out at baseline (TO) and repeated after three days, one month (T1), three months (T3), four months (T4), and six months (T6) post injection. Results Dexamethasone implant induced an improvement in ETDRS at T1, T3, T4, and T6 post injection. CMT was reduced at T1, T3, and T4, while at T6, CMT values were not statistically different from baseline. No complications were observed during the follow-up. Conclusion Our data suggest that dexamethasone implant is effective in reducing DME symptoms within a six-month frame.
The Presumption of Innocence: an Antidote for Sacrificial Venom? Patterns of Girard’s ‘Primitive’ Sacred in Late Medieval and Early Modern Criminal Law
Authors: Van Damme Rafael 
Published: April 2016

The Presumption of Innocence: an Antidote for Sacrificial Venom? Patterns of Girard’s ‘Primitive’ Sacred in Late Medieval and Early Modern Criminal Law
This paper interprets the presumption of innocence as a conceptual antidote for sacrificial tendencies in criminal law. Using Girard’s philosophy of scapegoat mechanisms and sacrifice as hermeneutical framework, the consanguinity of legal and sacrificial order is explored. We argue that some legal concepts found in the ius commune’s criminal system (12th-18th century), like torture, infamy, or punishment for mere suspicion, are affiliated with scapegoat dynamics and operate, to some extent, in the spirit of sacrifice. By indicating how these concepts entail more or less flagrant breaches of our contemporary conception of due process molded by the presumption of innocence, an antithesis emerges between the presumption of innocence and sacrificial inclinations in criminal law. Furthermore, when facing fundamental threats like heresy, the ius commune’s due process could be suspended. What emerges in this state of exception allowing for swift and relentless repression, is elucidated as legal order’s sacrificial infrastructure.
Rechtsbescherming tegen omgevingsplannen onder de Omgevingswet
Authors: van Angeren J.R. (Jan Reinier) 
Published: April 2016

Rechtsbescherming tegen omgevingsplannen onder de Omgevingswet
Het omgevingsplan bevat algemeen verbindende voorschriften die nu nog in een APV zijn opgenomen. In dit artikel gaat de auteur in op gevolgen van de gewijzigde aard en inhoud van het omgevingsplan voor de rechterlijke toets, de toets bij wijzigingen en het verkrijgen van formele rechtskracht van het omgevingsplan.
Willingness to pay for eliminating the risk of being infected by blood-borne diseases in regular replacement treatment for patients with haemophilia
Authors: Olofsson Sara , Steen Carlsson Katarina , Berntorp Erik , Persson Emmelie , Axelsen Flemming , Persson Ulf 
Published: April 2016

Hemophilia is a set of lifelong bleeding disorders linked to the X chromosome. Standard treatment for patients with severe hemophilia is intensive replacement therapy with intravenous injection of coagulation factor concentrates to prevent spontaneous recurrent joint bleed. In the 1980s, many hemophilia patients were infected with HIV and/or hepatitis C transmitted by plasma derived coagulation factor concentrates. In the future, new pathogens could appear and a risk remains that the current manufacturing methods will not be able to eliminate those. The aim of the study is to estimate the value of eliminating the risk of being infected by blood-borne diseases in the treatment of hemophilia which could provide decision-makers with information on how much resource to spend on this purpose to be in line with societal preferences. Individual preferences for safety were elicited from a sample of 821 individuals from the Swedish general population using a web-based questionnaire. The preferences were estimated using the “chained approach” which combines the contingent valuation (CV) and standard gamble (SG) methods. The respondents were asked (1) to state their willingness-to-pay to avoid a temporary, non-fatal injury presented in a health state derived from the EQ-5D instrument, and (2) to choose between living with this injury with certainty or receive a treatment that could restore the respondent to full health immediately, but which entails a risk of being infected by a fatal, blood-borne disease. A value of a statistical life (VSL) in the context of blood-borne diseases of SEK47 million was calculated by “chaining” the answers to the CV question and SG question, and from the VSL we derived a value of a QALY in the context of blood-borne diseases of SEK2.8 million. Using the current mean annual dose of factor concentrate of 268,000 international units (IU) per patient in Sweden, the value of eliminating the risk of being infected by blood-borne diseases would be SEK1.80 per IU corresponding to a price premium of around 45 %.Published: Online April 2016. In print August 2016.
PmagPy: Software package for paleomagnetic data analysis and a bridge to the Magnetics Information Consortium (MagIC) Database
Authors: Tauxe L. , Shaar R. , Jonestrask L. , Swanson‐Hysell N. L. , Minnett R. , Koppers A. A. P. , Constable C. G. , Jarboe N. , Gaastra K. , Fairchild L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Magnetics Information Consortium (MagIC) database provides an archive with a flexible data model for paleomagnetic and rock magnetic data. The PmagPy software package is a cross‐platform and open‐source set of tools written in Python for the analysis of paleomagnetic data that serves as one interface to MagIC, accommodating various levels of user expertise. PmagPy facilitates thorough documentation of sampling, measurements, data sets, visualization, and interpretation of paleomagnetic and rock magnetic experimental data. Although not the only route into the MagIC database, PmagPy makes preparation of newly published data sets for contribution to MagIC as a byproduct of normal data analysis and allows manipulation as well as reanalysis of data sets downloaded from MagIC with a single software package. The graphical user interface (GUI), Pmag GUI enables use of much of PmagPy's functionality, but the full capabilities of PmagPy extend well beyond that. Over 400 programs and functions can be called from the command line interface mode, or from within the interactive Jupyter notebooks. Use of PmagPy within a notebook allows for documentation of the workflow from the laboratory to the production of each published figure or data table, making research results fully reproducible. The PmagPy design and its development using GitHub accommodates extensions to its capabilities through development of new tools by the user community. Here we describe the PmagPy software package and illustrate the power of data discovery and reuse through a reanalysis of published paleointensity data which illustrates how the effectiveness of selection criteria can be tested.
Photoelectron‐induced waves: A likely source of 150 km radar echoes and enhanced electron modes
Authors: Oppenheim Meers M. , Dimant Yakov S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractVHF radars near the geomagnetic equator receive coherent reflections from plasma density irregularities between 130 and 160 km in altitude during the daytime. Though researchers first discovered these 150 km echoes over 50 years ago and use them to monitor vertical plasma drifts, the underlying mechanism that creates them remains a mystery. This paper uses large‐scale kinetic simulations to show that photoelectrons can drive electron waves, which then enhance ion density irregularities that radars could observe as 150 km echoes. This model explains why 150 km echoes exist only during the day and why they appear at their lowest altitudes near noon. It predicts the spectral structure observed by Chau (2004) and suggests observations that can further evaluate this mechanism. It also shows the types and strength of electron modes that photoelectron‐wave interactions generate in a magnetized plasma.
The effect of hydrate saturation on water retention curves in hydrate‐bearing sediments
Authors: Mahabadi Nariman , Zheng Xianglei , Jang Jaewon 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe experimental measurement of water retention curve in hydrate‐bearing sediments is critically important to understand the behavior of hydrate dissociation and gas production. In this study, tetrahydrofuran (THF) is selected as hydrate former. The pore habit of THF hydrates is investigated by visual observation in a transparent micromodel. It is confirmed that THF hydrates are not wetting phase on the quartz surface of the micromodel and occupy either an entire pore or part of pore space resulting in change in pore size distribution. And the measurement of water retention curves in THF hydrate‐bearing sediments with hydrate saturation ranging from Sh = 0 to Sh = 0.7 is conducted for excess water condition. The experimental results show that the gas entry pressure and the capillary pressure increase with increasing hydrate saturation. Based on the experimental results, fitting parameters for van Genuchten equation are suggested for different hydrate saturation conditions.
Inferring river bathymetry via Image‐to‐Depth Quantile Transformation (IDQT)
Authors: Legleiter Carl J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractConventional, regression‐based methods of inferring depth from passive optical image data undermine the advantages of remote sensing for characterizing river systems. This study introduces and evaluates a more flexible framework, Image‐to‐Depth Quantile Transformation (IDQT), that involves linking the frequency distribution of pixel values to that of depth. In addition, a new image processing workflow involving deep water correction and Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transformation can reduce a hyperspectral data set to a single variable related to depth and thus suitable for input to IDQT. Applied to a gravel bed river, IDQT avoided negative depth estimates along channel margins and underpredictions of pool depth. Depth retrieval accuracy (R2 = 0.79) and precision (0.27 m) were comparable to an established band ratio‐based method, although a small shallow bias (0.04 m) was observed. Several ways of specifying distributions of pixel values and depths were evaluated but had negligible impact on the resulting depth estimates, implying that IDQT was robust to these implementation details. In essence, IDQT uses frequency distributions of pixel values and depths to achieve an aspatial calibration; the image itself provides information on the spatial distribution of depths. The approach thus reduces sensitivity to misalignment between field and image data sets and allows greater flexibility in the timing of field data collection relative to image acquisition, a significant advantage in dynamic channels. IDQT also creates new possibilities for depth retrieval in the absence of field data if a model could be used to predict the distribution of depths within a reach.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Syntheses of 7‐Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes via a Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Alkynediols: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Farnesiferol C
Authors: Gu Yue‐Qing , Zhang Peng‐Peng , Fu Jun‐Kai , Liu Song , Lan Yu , Gong Jian‐Xian , Yang Zhen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA highly regio‐ and stereoselective method to construct a broad range of 7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes, which proceeds through a sequential reaction involving gold(I)‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of alkynediols and sequential semi‐pinacol‐type 1,2‐alkyl migration, was developed. The developed chemistry was applied to the asymmetric total synthesis of the natural product farnesiferol C.magnified image
A Carboxylative Cyclization of Propargylic Amines with Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by the N‐Heterocyclic Carbene 1,3‐Di‐tert‐butylimidazol‐2‐ylidene (ItBu)
Authors: Fujita Ken‐ichi , Sato Junichi , Fujii Akira , Onozawa Shun‐ya , Yasuda Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBy employing N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as catalysts, the carboxylative cyclization of propargylic amines proceeded under atmospheric pressure of CO2 (0.1 MPa) to afford the corresponding 2‐oxazolones as the main products. It was considered that the carboxylative cyclization of propargylic amines with CO2 proceeded to initially provide 2‐oxazolidinones, after which the generated 2‐oxazolidinones were consecutively tautomerized to give the corresponding 2‐oxazolones. Moreover, we could perform the NHC‐catalyzed carboxylative cyclization of propargylic amines to provide 2‐oxazolidinones or 2‐oxazolones selectively under controlled reaction conditions.
Copper‐Catalyzed C−H Oxygenation of Benzoxepine‐4‐carboxylates: Facile Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Naphtho[2,1‐d]oxazoles and Benzo[c]phenoxazines
Authors: Prasad Kasagani Veera , Saidachary Gannerla , Hariprasad Kurma Siva , Nagaraju Peethani , Rao Vaidya Jayathirtha , Raju Bhimapaka China 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAn efficient, solvent‐free, one‐pot protocol was developed for the preparation of naphtho[2,1‐d]oxazoles and benzo[c]phenoxazines by the C−H oxygenation of benzoxepine‐4‐carboxylates with benzylamines and anilines in the presence of Cu(OAc)2. The synthesis, UV/vis absorption, fluorescence emission and electrochemical properties have been studied for these heterocyclic compounds. The benzo[c]phenoxazines absorbed in the UV/vis in the range 449–461 nm and fluorescence emission in the range 562–627 nm. The nitro‐ and dimethyl‐substituted benzo[c]phenoxazines had the most favorable fluorescence emission in these series of compounds (emission maxima at 627 and 603 nm with quantum yields Φf=0.51 and 0.37, respectively). The optical and electrochemical properties suggest that these compounds can act as electron‐transporting materials for organic light‐emitting diode applications.
Rational Design of Heterogeneous Silver Catalysts by Exploitation of Counteranion‐Induced Coordination Geometry
Authors: Singh Ashish , Ramanathan Gurunath 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe coordination geometry of silver complexes of the green fluorescence protein chromophore is highly diverse and dependent on the size and shape of the counteranion in the complexes. Only complexes that have vacancies at the silver atom prove to be heterogeneous catalysts in the “green” synthesis of 1,4‐benzodioxines. The results reveal an interesting strategy of exploiting crystal packing forces to enhance catalytic efficiency by just changing the counteranion.
Total Synthesis of Rubriflordilactone B
Authors: Yang Peng , Yao Ming , Li Jian , Li Yong , Li Ang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTaking advantage of a 6π electrocyclization–aromatization strategy, we accomplished the first and asymmetric total synthesis of rubriflordilactone B, a heptacyclic Schisandraceae bisnortriterpenoid featuring a tetrasubstituted arene moiety. The left‐hand fragment was accessed through a chiral‐pool‐based route, and linked to the right‐hand fragment by a Sonogashira coupling. The cis geometry of the electrocyclization substrates was established by hydrogenation or hydrosilylation of the alkyne. An electrocyclization–aromatization sequence finally built the multisubstituted arene. The hydrosilylation approach was of significant advantage in terms of reaction scale, reproducibility, and intermediate stability. The structure of synthetic rubriflordilactone B was validated by X‐ray crystallographic analysis, and found to be consistent with that reported for the authentic natural product based on an independent X‐ray crystallographic analysis. However, obvious differences in the NMR spectra of the synthetic and authentic samples suggest that the authentic samples subjected to X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy were two different compounds.
Measuring the Elasticity of Poly‐l‐Proline Helices with Terahertz Spectroscopy
Authors: Ruggiero Michael T. , Sibik Juraj , Orlando Roberto , Zeitler J. Axel , Korter Timothy M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe rigidity of poly‐l‐proline is an important contributor to the stability of many protein secondary structures, where it has been shown to strongly influence bulk flexibility. The experimental Young's moduli of two known poly‐l‐proline helical forms, right‐handed all‐cis (Form I) and left‐handed all‐trans (Form II), were determined in the crystalline state by using an approach that combines terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and solid‐state density functional theory. Contrary to expectations, the helices were found to be considerably less rigid than many other natural and synthetic polymers, as well as differing greatly from each other, with Young's moduli of 4.9 and 9.6 GPa for Forms I and II, respectively.