bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicate to Care: Implementing Health Literacy in a Pediatric Ears, Nose, and Throat Clinic
Authors: Howe Carol J. , Carsey Emily , Gamboa Jordan , Zhang Yan , Lewis Brennan 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Despite positive outcomes in controlled trials, organizations have been slow to adopt health literacy practices. The purpose of the Communicate to CARE (Clear Communication, Achieve Understanding with Teach-Back, Receptive to our patient family needs, Empathetic care delivery) study was to use theories and strategies from implementation science to scale up health literacy practices in a pediatric Ears, Nose, and Throat (ENT) clinic.

Brief Description of Activity:
Expanding on previous efforts that simply reflected on barriers, the CARE team identified barriers within the local context pre-implementation to select strategies to directly address barriers during health literacy implementation. The RE-AIM framework was used to evaluate the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of health literacy practices.

Implementation:
Over 18 months, the CARE team delivered multiple implementation strategies, including external facilitator, microlessons, preparing champions, audit and feedback, local consensus discussions, and small test of change. We tailored health literacy practices to clinic team roles to accommodate the clinic workflow.

Results:

ENT team mean ratings on acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility remained >4 indicating a high likelihood of successful implementation. Caregiver
always
ratings significantly increased from baseline to 12 months for easy-to-understand medication instructions (74%–96%), test results (54%–96%), know what to do if had questions (89%–96%), and encouraged to talk about health problems (76%–90%). Caregiver ratings dropped slightly at 18 months, indicating a need for booster training. While one third of caregivers reported Teach-Back practice across all time periods, the ENT team reported increased practice from baseline (42%), 6 (61%) and 12 months (70%).

Lessons Learned:

Over the first 12 months, the external facilitator delivered implementation strategies with weekly contact, tapering contact over the final 6 months. The local champion became engaged in the CARE study through a quality improvement project with meaningful outcomes for the clinic and an incentivization program for scholarly endeavors. Lunch and learn sessions helped build relationships between the CARE and ENT team to discuss and problem solve issues. The 5-item CAHPS health literacy composite proved to be sensitive to changes during implementation of health literacy practices. Integrating these items into standard follow up surveys with patients and families would help realize the return on investment for health literacy implementation. [

HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2024;8(3):e166–e174.

]
Association Between Health Literacy and Understanding of Doctors' Explanations: The Yamagata Study
Authors: Yumiya Yui , Goto Aya , Konta Tsuneo 
Published: September 2024

Background:
In Japan, the doctor-patient relationship has traditionally been characterized by a power imbalance that may contribute to communication gaps. To date, however, the link between patients' health literacy levels and their understanding of doctors' explanations of medical conditions and treatment has yet to be fully examined in Japan.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between patients' health literacy level and their understanding of doctors' explanations.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study analyzing data derived from 11,217 questionnaires collected in July 2021 from participants of the Yamagata Study, a community-based cohort study implemented by Yamagata University since 2009.

Key Results:
The results showed lower health literacy was associated with poorer understanding of physicians' explanations, adjusting for potential confounding factors. In addition to low health literacy, factors associated with lower comprehension were being male, not having a regular family doctor, and having lower self-perceived levels of health and happiness.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that health care professionals need to communicate with patients according to their health literacy level and ensure they fully understand their medical condition and treatment. Medical providers need to create a better health-literate environment to enable patients and families to make decisions by themselves. [

HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2024;8(3):e175–e183.

]
Knowledge, attitude, and practices of tsunami-prone communities, Nias, Indonesia
Authors: Aksa Furqan I. , Ashar Muhammad , Siswanto Heni W. 
Published: September 2024

Nias Island is presently being confronted with a substantial and imminent threat of a tsunami. However, the level of knowledge of the communities on Nias Island regarding earthquake and tsunami hazards is limited. This study aims to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among the communities residing on Nias Island with respect to the hazard of tsunami. This study adopted a community participation method derived from a social inductive study. Data were collected from field observations and in-depth interviews with 210 communities. Data were analysed using a descriptive table form for comprehensive examination. The results showed that the majority of communities lacked comprehensive knowledge regarding both the sources of tsunamis and estimated times of arrival (ETAs) for tsunamis. The findings also indicated a lack of regular disaster evacuation drills or simulations conducted by the government in the area. Moreover, there is a prevailing belief among the communities that God will prevent loss of life in the event of a tsunami. This belief is concerning because of its potential contribution to a fatalistic attitude towards disasters, potentially resulting in inadequate preparedness. The findings of this research confirm previous research that found that people living on small islands in Indonesia have very limited knowledge of the tsunami hazard.Contribution: These findings highlight the important role of the government to carry out substantial efforts aimed at enhancing the resilience of communities residing in small islands. Currently, small islands receive less attention in efforts to reduce disaster risk.
Retrospective study of detecting oesophageal injuries post neck trauma: CTA versus fluoroscopy
Authors: Rumhumha Audrey R. , Christofides Nicholas , Moodley Pravani 
Published: September 2024

Background: Timely detection of oesophageal injuries post-penetrating neck trauma is imperative because of the associated high morbidity and mortality. Patients commonly undergo both CT angiography (CTA) and contrast swallow studies (fluoroscopic oesophagography) when oesophageal injury is suspected.Objectives: To determine the radiological findings of oesophageal injury after penetrating neck trauma comparing CTA and fluoroscopic oesophagography at a single tertiary centre.Method: The study retrospectively reviewed the data from CTA and fluoroscopic oesophagography reports of patients suspected of oesophageal injuries secondary to penetrating neck trauma at a tertiary hospital in South Africa from January 2018 to December 2022.Results: A total of 76 records were reviewed. The mean age for the participants was 31.5 years, ranging from 0.75–66 years. In this study 6/76 (8%) patients had confirmed oesophageal injury on fluoroscopy, which is considered the gold standard. The majority of penetrating neck injuries were in the 20–29 year age group, with 33/76 (43%) injuries. Stab wounds as the mechanism of injury accounted for 57/76 (75%). Dysphagia was experienced by 10/76 (13%) of those who had injuries. Zone I injuries accounted for 33/76 (43%) of the injuries.Conclusion: The incidence of oesophageal injuries secondary to penetrating neck injuries is comparable to previous studies. This study determined that CTA has a high sensitivity but low specificity.Contribution: Fluoroscopic oesophagography should, therefore, be performed in patients who have an abnormal CTA coupled with clinical signs and symptoms of oesophageal injury.
Evaluation of awareness, requirement, and clinical applications of guided endodontics among dental practitioners in North India – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sinha Dakshita Joy , Pandey Jayati , Kumari Mansi , Arora Geetika , Paul Mayura , Paul Rahul 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Guided endodontics (GE) represents a cutting-edge shift in dental practice, utilizing three-dimensional imaging to enhance treatment precision and safety in endodontics. Since its introduction in 2016, GE has shown promise in reducing complications by guiding dental procedures with minimal invasiveness. This study evaluates its acceptance and application among North India’s dental community, aiming to identify educational gaps and operational challenges.

Methods:
An online survey, approved by ethical standards, was distributed to dental professionals in North India, collecting 265 responses on their familiarity, application, and training needs regarding GE.

Results:
Findings reveal a general awareness of GE among respondents, with a notable lack of specialized training. While GE’s benefits in various dental treatments were acknowledged, a significant interest in further training was expressed, underlining the necessity for enhanced educational programs.

Conclusion:
The research highlights a keen interest in GE among dentists, despite existing educational gaps. There is a clear call for integrating GE-focused training into dental curricula to equip practitioners with the skills needed for its effective use, potentially transforming patient care in endodontics.
c-FLIP and microRNA 708-5p gene expression in newly diagnosed and chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia of Iraqi patient
Authors: Jaafar Jaafar Sadiq , Al-Kafagi Hiba Muneer Abdual Hassan , Hamzah Israa Hussein 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
C-FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a protein that does not merely block apoptosis signaling but also adjusts further pathways of cell death. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a nonhomogeneous hematologic malignancy, is the highly common form of AML among adults and is described through the clonal enlargement of myeloid blasts in the bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood, and/or else tissues.

OBJECTIVES:
The aims of this study were to investigate the role of c-FLIP and microRNA (miRNA) 708-5p as a prospective prognostic biomarker as well as the therapeutic goal in AML.

PATIENTS MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study includes two groups of patients (40) individuals newly diagnosed AML patients, (20) AML taking chemotherapy, and (50) apparently healthy volunteers. The study was conducted at the National Center of Hematology/Mustansiriyah University. The methods employed in the analysis include total RNA extraction, complementary cDNA synthesis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to evaluate the gene expression of cFLIP and miRNA-708-5p. Complete blood count to estimate some hematological parameters.

RESULTS:
The expression of c-FLIP was notably higher in both newly diagnosed and patients under chemotherapy compared to controls with fold expression (3.291 and 2.92), respectively, with a highly significant (P = 0.0001). The increase in miRNA 708-5p expression in newly diagnosed patients with fold expression (5.345), whereas downregulation in patients under chemotherapy with fold expression (0.789) indicates that treatment may restore its levels, contributing to the suppression of c-FLIP and promoting apoptosis.

CONCLUSION:
The c-FLIP and miRNA708-5p gene might be used as a biological marker for the AML initial diagnosis. The researches emphasize the role of miRNA 708-5p as a tumor suppressor, which negatively regulates the antiapoptotic protein c-FLIP, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target in AML treatment. By modulating the levels of miRNA708-5p, it may be possible to regulate the expression of c-FLIP, thus enhancing the effectiveness of apoptosis-inducing therapies. This suggests the promising development of miRNA-based therapies as part of AML treatment strategies. Furthermore, miRNA 708-5p can act as a prognostic indicator in AML, with its expression levels offering valuable insights into disease progression and patient response to treatment. Further research into miRNA 708-5p can lead to a better understanding of its role in AML pathogenesis and its potential applications in clinical practice.
Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-arm study to evaluate the efficacy of coadministration of garlic as a hydrogen sulfide donor and tadalafil in patients with erectile dysfunction not responding to tadalafil alone – A pilot study
Authors: Bhat Gajanan Shripad , Shastry Anuradha 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
The objective is to evaluate the efficacy of coadministration of garlic (as a hydrogen sulfide [H2S] donor) and tadalafil for patients with ED using a placebo-controlled, prospective, randomized, two-arm pilot study in patients responding poorly to tadalafil alone.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The patients with complaints of ED (with normal penile Doppler) who failed to maintain sustained improvement in erectile function with tadalafil were recruited after excluding those with comorbidities. The study sample was randomized into two groups. Group A received garlic 5 g twice a day orally and Group B received a placebo twice daily orally for 4 weeks. Both groups continued tadalafil 5 mg in the night for 4 weeks. Their erectile function was assessed at the beginning and at the end of 4 weeks using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-EF), erectile function domain and compared. A value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:
Nineteen patients in Group A (mean age 37.5 ± 10.6 years) and 16 patients in Group B (mean age 39.6 ± 9.6 years) participated in the pilot study conducted from May 2022 to August 2022. The participants treated with garlic (as an H2S donor) as a coadministrant had statistically significant improvement in IIEF-EF score (P ≤ 0.0001) at the end of 4 weeks compared to placebo.

CONCLUSIONS:
Garlic (as an H2S donor) as adjunctive therapy was beneficial in our study participants responding poorly to tadalafil alone.
Advancing pediatric drug development in South Asia: Current landscape and vision for the future
Authors: Krishna Rajesh , Jadhav Manoj , Sivasubramanian Rama , Sunkara Gangadhar , Gota Vikram , Niranjan Vis , Dhote Vipin , Sapkal Nidhi , Rege Nirmala N , Sethi Samir , Medhi Bikash , Kshirsagar Nilima , Parmar Deven 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The manuscript summarizes the outcomes of a one-day conference by the South Asian College of American College of Clinical Pharmacology (SAC-ACCP) in July 2023, at Bhopal. The theme of the conference was “Advancing pediatric drug development in South Asia.” SAC-ACCP organized this event in Bhopal to foster the discipline of clinical pharmacology and to motivate researchers and physicians in the in the central part of India. The conference featured presentations on regional approaches to pediatric drug development in Asia by pediatric scientific experts from the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory agencies, as well as independent consultancies. The speakers highlighted several important aspects of the evolving regulatory landscape in India and proposed numerous actionable steps in acceleration of pediatric drug development. This commentary provides insights from presentations and the panel discussion at this conference and also makes an attempt to connect to similar discussions that occurred at the SAC-ACCP drug development conference in 2017.
Distribution of color vision deficiency among school children in Moradabad District, India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Singh Mahendra , Maan Veenu , Agarwal Pradeep , Kushwaha Sanjay , Chauhan Lokesh 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence and distribution of color vision deficiency (CVD) among school children aged 6–16 in the Moradabad district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Methods:
Between November 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023, a multidisciplinary team conducted school-based eye screening camps, screening 1329 students from four schools. The screening included visual acuity measurement, refraction, ocular alignment evaluation, and Ishihara’s plate test for CVD.

Results:
Ocular examinations conducted on 1329 students from four schools unveiled a range of ocular conditions. These included bilateral moderate ptosis in 0.1%, nystagmus in 0.1%, hypermetropia in 0.6%, myopia in 7.0%, astigmatism in 2.8%, and pseudophakic in 0.1% of students. The study identified CVD in 2.4% of participants (2.8% of males and 2.2% of females). Further breakdown revealed a 2.4% prevalence on the right and 1.5% on the left, with red and green color vision deficiencies observed. Notably, primary education, middle education, and secondary education levels showed CVD prevalence of 0.4%, 0.97%, and 0.97%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The study contributes valuable insights into ocular morbidities, emphasizing the prevalence of CVD among school children in the Moradabad district. The findings underscore the need for tailored interventions, early screening, and awareness campaigns to address the specific needs of affected children in diverse geographical and educational settings.
Longitudinal follow-up and outcome analysis in patching resistant/patching noncompliant amblyopic subjects treated with dichoptic amblyopia training
Authors: Walimbe Prasad B , Gogate Parikshit M , Walimbe Tejaswini P , Khaladkar Girija M 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to estimate the efficacy of dichoptic amblyopia training (DAT) in patching resistant/patching noncompliant amblyopic subjects on best-corrected distance visual acuity and stereoacuity with 12-month follow-up.

Methodology:
In this study, 113 participants with anisometropic, isometropic, strabismic, and accommodative esotropia with amblyopia, with a mean age of 8 years (interquartile range [IQR] 7–10), using full-time spectacle correction and not improving with prescribed patching protocol in 2 subsequent visits 3 months apart were included in the study. Subjects with deprivational amblyopia, ocular comorbidity, or neuronal defects were excluded. Subjects were given 30 min of dichoptic gameplay with Bynocs DAT for 5 days a week for at least 6 weeks. Best-corrected distance visual acuity and stereoacuity of subjects were recorded before treatment, immediately after Bynocs DAT, 6 months, and at 12-month follow-up.

Results:
The age group of the participants was divided into three groups – (1) <9 years (64.6%), (2) 10–17 years (33.6%), and (3) >18 years (1.8%). The median (IQR) age of 113 participants was 8 years (7–10). The diagnosis of the participants was anisometropic amblyopia in 18 (15.9%), isometropic amblyopia in 72 (63.7%), accommodative esotropia with amblyopia in 18 (15.9%), and strabismic amblyopia in 5 (4.4%). Post dichoptic therapy, the best-corrected distance visual acuity improvement was statistically significant using the McNemar test and remained stable till the 12-month follow-up (P < 0.001). Post Bynocs DAT, stereoacuity improvement was statistically significant using the McNemar test and maintained till the 12-month follow-up (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Best-corrected distance visual acuity and stereoacuity improved after Bynocs DAT and remained stable in patching resistant/patching noncompliant subjects with anisometropic and isometropic amblyopia 12 months after cessation of treatment.
Effect of oil pulling on the Streptococcus mutans concentation in plaque around orthodontic brackets -A prospective clinical study
Authors: Jagdish Nithya , Padmanabhan Sridevi , Chitharanjan Arun B. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Fixed orthodontic appliances create areas of plaque stagnation leading to an increase in the volume, structure, and composition of plaque. This increases the chances of decalcification and white spot lesions. Oil pulling, an ancient practice involving swishing oil in the mouth, has demonstrated a significant reduction in plaque scores after 45 days, and a reduction in salivary Streptococcus mutans concentration in few studies done in nonorthodontic subjects. The aim was to compare the concentration of S. mutans in plaque around orthodontic brackets in patients using oil pulling with sesame oil and those on routine oral hygiene.

Subjects and Methods:
Twenty subjects requiring fixed orthodontic treatment were divided into two equal groups: Group A-Oil pulling and Group B-Control. All subjects were instructed to follow common oral hygiene methods and in addition, Group A was instructed to perform oil pulling for 30 days starting 1 month after placement of fixed appliances. Plaque specimens were collected from labial surfaces of maxillary lateral incisors and quantification of S. mutans was done using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mean and standard deviations for descriptive statistics, paired, and unpaired sample t-tests were analyzed.

Results:
Comparison of S. mutans concentration between T1 and T2 demonstrated a significant difference in both control and study groups. The experimental group showed significantly lesser S. mutans concentration compared to the control group.

Conclusions:
Oil-pulling therapy with sesame oil resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the concentration of S. mutans in the plaque around orthodontic brackets.
Design of Delivery Systems (Nanoemulsions and Biopolymer Nanoparticles) of Cloves Essential Oil: Preparation, Characterizations, Study the Release, and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Taher Mariam Kadhim , Falih Israa Qusay , Abdullah Younus Jasim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Clove oil has a wide range of therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications. It is also used in the manufacture of pesticides and antifungals, as well as many advantages. The study aims to improve the properties of essential oils, especially clove oil, and make them more stable by the design of delivery systems (nanoemulsions and biopolymer nanoparticles).

METHODS:
Clove oil was mixed with water in the presence of tween-20 as a polysorbate-type nonionic surfactant, and then carboxymethyl cellulose was added with different ratios of glycerin as a cross-linking agent. The formation of the clove nanogel was tested by spectrophotometric assay 2.2.2 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and morphology method field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), also the rate of clove oil release during different periods, and hemolytic and antioxidant activity were tested.

RESULTS:
The nanoparticles were demonstrated by DLS and FESEM. The polydispersity index value was 0.279, indicating good monodispersity and good stability, while higher release values were obtained when glycerol was not present as a cross-linker. In addition to the higher antioxidant, values of the clove oil nano emulsion (CNE) have a maximum inhibition of 65% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, whereas clove nano-gel (CNG) at the same concentration exhibited 59.2% inhibition. The calculated IC50 values of CNG and CNE were 6.58 and 3.25 μg/mL, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
The study proved through the results obtained that nanocomposites help stabilize components, especially volatile oil, which increases their effectiveness.