bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed‐Methods Assessment of Trauma and Acute Care Surgical Quality Improvement Programs in Peru
Authors: LaGrone Lacey N. , Fuhs Amy K. , Egoavil Eduardo Huaman , Rodriguez Castro Manuel J. A. , Valderrama Roberto , Isquith‐Dicker Leah N. , Herrera‐Matta Jaime , Mock Charles N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundEvidence for the positive impact of quality improvement (QI) programs on morbidity, mortality, patient satisfaction, and cost is strong. Data regarding the status of QI programs in low‐ and middle‐income countries, as well as in‐depth examination of barriers and facilitators to their implementation, are limited.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, descriptive study employed a mixed‐methods design, including distribution of an anonymous quantitative survey and individual interviews with healthcare providers who participate in the care of the injured at ten large hospitals in Lima, Peru.ResultsKey areas identified for improvement in morbidity and mortality (M&M) conferences were the standardization of case selection, incorporation of evidence from the medical literature into case presentation and discussion, case documentation, and the development of a clear plan for case follow‐up. The key barriers to QI program implementation were a lack of prioritization of QI, lack of sufficient human and administrative resources, lack of political support, and lack of education on QI practices.ConclusionsA national program that makes QI a required part of all health providers’ professional training and responsibilities would effectively address a majority of identified barriers to QI programs in Peru. Specifically, the presence of basic QI elements, such as M&M conferences, should be required at hospitals that train pre‐graduate physicians. Alternatively, short of this national‐level organization, efforts that capitalize on local examples through apprenticeships between institutions or integration of QI into continuing medical education would be expected to build on the facilitators for QI programs that exist in Peru.
Comprehensive dataset of mangrove tree weights in Southeast Asia
Authors: Komiyama Akira , Kato Shogo , Poungparn Sasitorn , Sangtiean Tanuwong , Maknual Chatree , Piriyayotha Somsak , Jintana Vipak , Prawiroatmodjo Suhardjono , Sastrosuwondo Pramudji , Ogino Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe assembled a dataset tabulating the weights of Thai and Indonesian mangrove trees that we measured between 1982 and 2001. We selected four Thai study sites in Phang Nga, Ranong, Satun, and Trat Provinces and one site in eastern Indonesia on Halmahera Island in Maluku Province. The stands in Ranong Province and on Halmahera Island were in primary forests with data collected in the 1980s and the remaining stands were in secondary forests with data collected later. We collected 124 tree samples from ten species (Avicennia alba, Bruguiera cylindrica, B. gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Sonneratia alba, S. caseolaris, Xylocarpus granatum, and X. moluccensis) and measured the root weights of 32 individuals of nine species (A. alba, B. cylindrica, B. gymnorrhiza, C. tagal, R. apiculata, R. mucronata, S. alba, S. caseolaris, and X. granatum). All sampled trees were subjected to a standardized protocol to obtain aboveground weights. The trunks were divided into horizontal segments from which the leaves and branches were collected separately. Roots were collected by winching them out of the ground, by trench digging, or by complete excavation. Thus, we were able to compile the weights of the trunk, branches, leaves, and roots of each tree sampled. Aerial roots were included in root weight measurements, although they were collected above ground. We compiled separate lists of trunk diameters, trunk heights, heights of the lowest living branches, and the heights of aerial roots on the trunks of trees in different size categories. Our dataset includes a wide range of tree sizes (maximum trunk diameter 48.9 cm), geographical locations (1°10′N–12°24′N, 98°32′E–123°49′E) and organ weights (trunks, branches, leaves, and roots), and therefore should prove useful in future biomass studies of mangrove forests.
Effect of Selected Polyhydric Alcohols on Refining Oil Loss in the Neutralization Step
Authors: Yooritphun Kanok , Lilitchan Supathra , Aryusuk Kornkanok , Krisnangkura Kanit 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlkaline neutralization is a classical method for removal of free fatty acids (FFA) in crude oil. It is generally accompanied by neutral oil loss. Thus, reduction of refining losses associated with alkaline neutralization is very desirable. Refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm oils with different FFA contents were used as oil models in this study. FFA in the oil models were neutralized with sodium hydroxide in polyhydric alcohols as neutralization media. Glycerol, propylene glycol and ethylene glycol in water were effective neutralization media. FFA in the oil models were totally removed in one step of neutralization, while percentages of refining losses were different. The losses were increased in the order of water > propylene glycol > ethylene glycol > glycerol used as neutralization media. Also, a higher concentration of polyhydric alcohol in the neutralizing media significantly reduced the percentage of refining loss (p < 0.05). Glycerol (90% in water) was the most effective neutralization media (p < 0.05). When neutralization was carried out on crude palm oil (containing 7.53% FFA), refining loss was reduced from 36.1% (in water) to 20.0% (in 90% glycerol in water).
Two Types of Archaean Supracrustal Belts in the Bundelkhand Craton, India: Geology, Geochemistry, Age and Implication for Craton Crustal Evolution
Authors: Singh Vinod K. , Slabunov Alexander 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
Two Archaean supracrustal complexes are documented in the Bundelkhand craton viz. 1) the Central Bundelkhand greenstone complex (formed the Babina and Mauranipur belts), and 2) the Southern Bundelkhand metasedimentary (paragneisses, schists) complex (formed the Girar belt). The Central Bundelkhand greenstone complex consists of (i) an early assemblage composed of basic-ultrabasic, felsic volcanics, banded iron formation (BIF), and (ii) a late assemblage which contains felsic volcanics. The U-Pb zircon ages of felsic volcanics from the early assemblage, formed in an arc-type subduction setting, are 2813 Ma (Mesoarchaean). The U-Pb zircon ages of felsic volcanics from the late assemblage, which also occur in subduction settings as an active continental marginal type, are 2542 Ma (Neoarchaean). The Girar belt, located in the southern part of the craton, consists generally of metasedimentary rocks namely quartzites and BIFs. Quartzites are represented by fuchsite- and hematite-bearing quartz arenite and lesser quartz pebble conglomerates that have been subjected to low-grade metamorphism. BIF is represented by thinly-bedded quartz–hematite (±magnetite) rocks. Some lenses of marble and chlorite schist are present at the contact between the two formations. BIF is fairly rich in Cr and Ni, poor in Zr, Hf, Ba, Th, Sr, Yb and Lu, and displays a distinct positive Euanomaly (Eu/Eu* = 1.14-2.46). Zircons from quartzites give two U-Pb ages: 3432±9.7 Ma and 3252±6.4 Ma. The Sm-Nd isotope study of quartzite from the Girar belt shows that the TDM is 3.29 Ga. This TDM correlates well with the U-Pb ages of zircon and indicates that the continental crust in the Girar area began to form in the Paleoarchaean (3.4-3.2 Ga). The Central Bundelkhand greenstone complex was thus formed in a subduction-accretion setting in Mesoarchaean (ca 2.8 Ga) and Neoarchaean (2.54 Ga) time, and the Southern Bundelkhand metasedimentary complex originated in a sedimentary basin on the old continental crust apparently at ca ~ 2.7 Ga.
Palyno-petrographical Facet and Depositional Account of Gondwana Sediments from East Bokaro Coalfield, Jharkhand
Authors: Murthy Srikanta , Mahesh S. , Roy Jyoti Shankar 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
Palynological and petrological studies have been undertaken on the Gondwana coal and associated lithologies encountered in borehole EBM-2 of East Bokaro coalfield of Damodar Basin, India. The palynological investigation resulted in the recognition of Assemblage –III (Densipollenites, 27.9 m – 214.30 m), Assemblage – II (Striatopodocarpites + Faunipollenites, 225.00 m – 297.60 m) and Assemblage – I (Faunipollenites + Scheuringipollenites, 307.00m – 433.00 m). Lithofacies study was also done for better understanding of the preservation and abundance/paucity of the spores and pollen in different lithologies as the current borehole has significant thickness of mudstones, shales and siltstone. Palynofacies study and Petrographical studies of coal samples encountered in the borehole were used to determine the depositional environment of the coal precursor peat swamp. Palynological data has revealed the presence of younger Raniganj palynoflora between 27.00-214.30 m depth that is lithologically defined as Barren Measures Formation. This spore pollen study has proved that these sediments were deposited during late early Permian to late Permian period. Further the maceral analysis of organic sediments as well as the Thermal Alteration Index (TAI) has revealed that the coaly shale at 336.5 m depth has hydrocarbon generation potential.
Temporal Multifractal Pattern of Seismicity in Northwest Himalayan Region
Authors: Mondal S. K. , Roy P. N. S. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
The variation of temporal fractal dimension D2 (t) value may be well applied for understanding the future large earthquakes. In this present analysis the time series of inter-occurrence of earthquakes of consecutive hundred events window in Himalayan region is analyzed. We observed the variation in D2 (t) values in the range of 0.19 to 0.68 indicating the variation of clustering of events with respect to time. The multifractal nature of earthquakes is also investigated by plotting Dq(t) versus q. The result shows the temporal distribution of earthquakes have multifractal structure of definitive pattern rather than random pattern.
Stratigraphy and Correlation of Mesoproterozoic Rocks Associated with Mohar Cauldron, Shivpuri District, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Gaur V. P. , Survanshi Hemraj , Shrivastava S. K. , Nambiar K. V. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
A circular structure, termed as cauldron of volcanic origin, was located near Mohar village in Shivpuri district (M.P.) in the year 2000. Subsequently, the same structure was called as Dhala structure of impact origin. There may be debate over the origin and evolution of this circular structure, but it is characterized by a unique lithological set-up within the Bundelkhand craton. The circular structure is defined by annular disposition of igneous and sedimentary rocks. This includes a set of felsic volcanic rocks and associated breccias named as Mohar Formation, exposed in the outer rim of the circular structure. The inner part of the circular structure has sedimentary sequence, termed as Dhala Formation.
The field relations indicate that the Mohar and Dhala foarmations are younger than Bundelkhand granitoid complex but older than Kaimur Group. This period in Indian stratigraphy corresponds to Semri Group which consists of Porcellanite Formation, the rocks of which have formed due to deposition of volcanic ash.
The geochronological data and field relations between different litho-units indicate that the Mohar volcanism which generated large volume of volcanic ash was a possible source for the formation of Porcellanite Formation. The deposition of sedimentary sequence in main Vindhyan basin was continued, whereas the volcanic activity in Mohar area continued till H ≈ 1.0 Ga. Since, acid volcanic activity has been reported in different parts of the world at H ≈ 1.0 Ga., it is possible that the Mohar acid volcanic activity is not an isolated event; instead it may be a part of global volcanic activities around H ≈ 1.0 Ga.
Testing of Coupled SCS Curve Number Model for Estimating Runoff and Sediment Yield for Eleven Watersheds
Authors: Srivastava Rajiv Kumar , Imtiyaz M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
The soil conservation service (SCS) methodology for computing direct run-off, using soil-cover-moisture complexes involves the selection of a runoff curve number (CN) for such complex events. This method has been further simplified by introducing an assumption on initial abstraction, with only one unknown parameter CN, which is represented by the potential retention capacity of the watershed (S). In this study, coupled SCN-CN with USLE model was used for the estimation of the runoff and sediment yield for eleven watersheds of different land uses (urban, agricultural, and forest) from Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), Hazaribagh district, Jharkhand, India. For the validation, runoff-sediment yield model is employed to a large set of rainfall-runoff-sediment yield data (68 storm events) observed from eleven watersheds. Model performance was assessed by using Nash and Sutcliffe statistical method. The efficiency of results was varying from 60.42 to 92.99 % for sediment yield and 54.23 to 96.12 % for runoff; this efficiency showed a reliable performance of model for estimating the sediment yield and runoff.
Geochemical Assessment of Groundwater Pollution from Sewage Effluents in the University Campus of Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Olaojo  , Adesola Abayomi , Oladunjoye  , Adeyinka Michael , Sanuade  , Adetola Oluseun 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
Sewage effluent is often rich in toxic constituents leading to environmental hazard. Continuous discharge of sewage effluents into an agricultural training farm in University of Ibadan is polluting groundwater used for cultivation of vegetables and cereals, as also for drinking, thus posing risk to human health. The study area is underlain by Precambrian banded gneisses. The study is based on seven groundwater samples and twenty-three soil samples collected from seven trial pits. The samples have been analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Emission Spectroscopy respectively. Water analyses data show that the concentrations of Fe, Pb and Cd have exceeded the WHO (2006) drinking-water quality guidelines. Correlation coefficient of water shows that the coefficient corresponding to zero has a percentage of 29, whereas 71 % of correlation is either from the same source or from different source of enrichment. The correlation analysis of soil samples shows that 92.9% of the elements have the same source. The enrichment factor and geo-accumulation analyses confirm enrichment of Cu, Cd, Fe, Pb, Zn, Sr, Ba, Mn, Ni and La concentrations contributing to the pollution. All the metals analysed in the soil sample from the farm have anthropogenic influence.
Various Silver Nanostructures on Sapphire
Using Plasmon Self-Assembly and Dewetting of Thin Films
Authors: Kunwar Sundar , Sui Mao , Zhang Quanzhen , Pandey Puran , Li Ming-Yu , Lee Jihoon 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Silver (Ag) nanostructures demonstrate outstanding optical,
electrical, magnetic, and catalytic properties and are utilized in photonic,
energy, sensors, and biomedical devices. The target application and the
performance can be inherently tuned by control of configuration, shape, and size
of Ag nanostructures. In this work, we demonstrate the systematical fabrication of
various configurations of Ag nanostructures on sapphire (0001) by controlling the
Ag deposition thickness at different annealing environments in a plasma ion
coater. In particular, the evolution of Ag particles (between 2 and 20 nm),
irregular nanoclusters (between 30 and 60 nm), and nanocluster networks (between
80 and 200 nm) are found be depended on the thickness of Ag thin film. The results
were systematically analyzed and explained based on the solid-state dewetting,
surface diffusion, Volmer–Weber growth model, coalescence, and surface energy
minimization mechanism. The growth behavior of Ag nanostructures is remarkably
differentiated at higher annealing temperature (750 °C) due to the sublimation and
temperature-dependent characteristic of dewetting process. In addition, Raman and
reflectance spectra analyses reveal that optical properties of Ag nanostructures
depend on their morphology.
Pulmonary vein potential mapping in atrial fibrillation with high density and standard spiral (lasso) catheters: A comparative study
Authors: Meissner Axel , Maagh Petra , Christoph Arnd , Oernek Ahmet , Plehn Gunnar 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe dominant single‐shot procedure for Pulmonary Vein Isolation (PVI) is the Cryoballoon Ablation (CBA) technique using a spiral catheter (Achieve™, AC) for mapping and monitoring purposes. We hypothesized that Basket Catheters, such as the High Density Mesh Mapper (HDMM), with its high‐density mapping properties, could detect Pulmonary Vein Potentials (PVPs) that the octapolar AC would not be able to identify.MethodsTwenty‐four patients (average age 61.8±10 years) with either paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) (Paroxysmal AF or Persistent AF) were enrolled in the study. While the patients were in sinus rhythm, all pulmonary veins (PVs) were prospectively mapped both prior and subsequent to CBA with a 32‐pole HDMM and an 8‐pole AC. PVPs were recorded using both catheters, and their location was allocated to one of four PV quadrants. Then, the quadrant findings of the mapping catheters were compared.ResultsMapping using the HDMM allowed for more precise identification of PVPs both before and after CBA compared to AC mapping. We identified an average of 83.6±4.8 PVPs in all four PVs (this means 20.9±10.5 PVPs /per single PV per patient [HDMM], 14.5±1.3 PVPs/in all four PVs and 3.6±2.7 PVPs /per single PV per patient [AC]) before ablation, thereby leading to a significant difference in the identification of PVPs per PV quadrant. Of 384 PV quadrants/24 patients analyzed, the HDMM identified PVPs in 279 and AC in only 192 quadrants (P<0.05).ConclusionHigh‐density mapping with a Basket Catheter, such as the HDMM, detects PVPs that remain undetected when using the standard AC catheter in CBA procedures.
Advances in the Study of SR Protein Family
Authors: Ma Xiaoyun , He Fuchu 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The name of SR proteins is derived from their typical RS domain that is rich in serine (Ser, S) and arginine (Arg, R). They are conserved in evolution. Up to now, 10 members of the SR protein family have been identified in humans. SR proteins contain one or two RNA binding motifs aside from the RS domain, and also possess special biochemical and immunological features. As to the functions of SR proteins, they facilitate the recruitment of the components of splicesome via protein-protein interaction to prompt the assembly of early splicesome; while in alternative splicing, tissue-specifically expressed SR protein along with the relative ratio of SR protein and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) is composed of two main regulative mechanisms for alternative splicing. Almost all of the biochemical functions are regulated by reversible phosphorylation.
A Statistical Approach Designed for Finding Mathematically Defined Repeats in Shotgun Data and Determining the Length Distribution of Clone-Inserts
Authors: Zhong Lan , Zhang Kunlin , Huang Xiangang , Ni Peixiang , Han Yujun , Wang Kai , Wang Jun , Li Songgang 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The large amount of repeats, especially high copy repeats, in the genomes of higher animals and plants makes whole genome assembly (WGA) quite difficult. In order to solve this problem, we tried to identify repeats and mask them prior to assembly even at the stage of genome survey. It is known that repeats of different copy number have different probabilities of appearance in shotgun data, so based on this principle, we constructed a statistical model and inferred criteria for mathematically defined repeats (MDRs) at different shotgun coverages. According to these criteria, we developed software MDRmasker to identify and mask MDRs in shotgun data. With repeats masked prior to assembly, the speed of assembly was increased with lower error probability. In addition, clone-insert size affects the accuracy of repeat assembly and scaffold construction. We also designed length distribution of clone-inserts using our model. In our simulated genomes of human and rice, the length distribution of repeats is different, so their optimal length distributions of clone-inserts were not the same. Thus with optimal length distribution of clone-inserts, a given genome could be assembled better at lower coverage.
A Real-Time and Dynamic Biological Information Retrieval and Analysis System (BIRAS)
Authors: Zhou Qi , Zhang Hong , Geng Meiying , Zhang Chenggang 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study is to design a biological information retrieval and analysis system (BIRAS) based on the Internet. Using the specific network protocol, BIRAS system could send and receive information from the Entrez search and retrieval system maintained by National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) in USA. The literatures, nucleotide sequence, protein sequences, and other resources according to the user-defined term could then be retrieved and sent to the user by pop up message or by E-mail informing automatically using BIRAS system. All the information retrieving and analyzing processes are done in real-time. As a robust system for intelligently and dynamically retrieving and analyzing on the user-defined information, it is believed that BIRAS would be extensively used to retrieve specific information from large amount of biological databases in now days. The program is available on request from the corresponding author.
Evolution and Variation of the SARS-CoV Genome
Authors: Hu Jianfei , Wang Jing , Xu Jing , Li Wei , Han Yujun , Li Yan , Ji Jia , Ye Jia , Xu Zhao , Zhang Zizhang , Wei Wei , Li Songgang , Wang Jun , Wang Jian , Yu Jun , Yang Huanming 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Knowledge of the evolution of pathogens is of great medical and biological significance to the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of infectious diseases. In order to understand the origin and evolution of the SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus), we collected complete genome sequences of all viruses available in GenBank, and made comparative analyses with the SARS-CoV. Genomic signature analysis demonstrates that the coronaviruses all take the TGTT as their richest tetranucleotide except the SARS-CoV. A detailed analysis of the forty-two complete SARS-CoV genome sequences revealed the existence of two distinct genotypes, and showed that these isolates could be classified into four groups. Our manual analysis of the BLASTN results demonstrates that the HE (hemagglutinin-esterase) gene exists in the SARS-CoV, and many mutations made it unfamiliar to us.
Analyzing the Biology on the System Level
Authors: Tong Wei 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Although various genome projects have provided us enormous static sequence information, understanding of the sophisticated biology continues to require integrating the computational modeling, system analysis, technology development for experiments, and quantitative experiments all together to analyze the biology architecture on various levels, which is just the origin of systems biology subject. This review discusses the object, its characteristics, and research attentions in systems biology, and summarizes the analysis methods, experimental technologies, research developments, and so on in the four key fields of systems biology—systemic structures, dynamics, control methods, and design principles.