bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hermeneutic Principles of Linguistics from the Viewpoint, of Linear Phonology
Authors: Bennett W. A. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
There is in general an accord between linguists as to the major principles used for the analysis of language. These are the compass, consistency, and economy of analyses. It can he shown that linear phonology encompasses more of its own units, phonemes, than match the speaker’s use; economises more in rules than speakers do in each style of speech; and are caused by the linguist’s ideal of economy to violate the principle of consistency by using “near-minimal” contrast where there is no minimal pair.
The principles for linguists must be defined on the human being and not simply on data functioning at a single linguistic level.
L’emploi de l’article dans le syntagme préposition + nom dans les langues roumaine et albanaise
Authors: Vătășescu Cătălina 
Published: November 2016

Résumé
Der Beitrag bringt eine vergleichende Darstellung über den Gebrauch des Substantivs mit bestimmtem Artikel oder ohne Artikel nach Akkusativpräpositionen im Rumänischen und Albanischen.
In Anbetracht der das Rumänische betreffenden Forschungsergebnisse wird auch für das Albanische eine mögliche Systematisierung im Gebrauch der Substantivformen mit oder ohne Artikel nach vorangehender Präposition vorgeschlagen.
Unter Rücksichtnahme auf den weiteren Kontext der präpositionalen Wortgruppe wird auf folgende Elemente eingegangen : die syntaktische Funktion des präpositionalen Syntagmas, der allgemeine oder absolute Wert des Substantivs, der Sinn des durch das präpositionale Syntagma bestimmten Elements.
Erklärung und Prognose von Sprachwandel
Authors: Keller Rudi 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Roger Lass (1980) holds that at present there are no intellectually satisfying concepts for explaining linguistic change. In this article Lass’ hypothesis and his arguments are discussed and a type of explanation for language change is outlined t hat meets the requirements for a satisfying theory and that is not invalidated by Lass’ arguments against explanations of linguistic change: the ‘invisible hand’ model.
As an example the disappearance of German englisch in the sense of angelic is analysed in terms of the invisible hand model and it. is shown
(i) that this is an explanation in the strict sense of “explanation”,
(ii) that language change is not predictable in a strict sense, and
(iii) that nevertheless this is no contradiction to Lass’ correct statement that explanation implies prediction.
Zur Situation der deutschen Sprache heute
Authors: Fleischer Wolfgang 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Mit dem Blick auf die über die Germanistik hinausreichende Bedeutung der dynamischen Funktionsweise der deutschen Sprache in Staaten mit unterschiedlicher Gesellschaftsordnung wird dein Konzept der ‘nationalen Varietäten’, das von dem Konzept der ‘nationalen Varianten’ abgehoben wird, unter Betonung der Einheit des Diasystems der Gesamtsprache der Vorzug gegeben. Die ‘plurizentrische’ Entfaltung des Deutschen wird insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Anpassung an die Bedürfnisse der sozialistischen Gesellschaft als Bereicherung betrachtet. In bezug auf die sprachlichen Beziehungen zwischen den deutschsprachigen Staaten wird eine Wechselwirkung von Innovations- und Beharrungstendenzen, von Differenzierungs- und Ausgleichsprozessen, von Ausstrahlung und Übernahme konstatiert.
Aktuelle Probleme der Beschreibung politischer Wortbedeutungen
Authors: Schäffner Christina , Fischer Eberhard , Herting Beate 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Research on political vocabulary has a long tradition in GDR linguistics. Early works, however, could not provide a convincing explanation, due mainly to the stage of development of lexicon theory. From a textual and discursive perspective two topical questions are dismissed: (i) the question of „ideological naming polarities“ in the present time, and (ii) the role of intertextuality for understanding the specific use of a word. Consequences for describing political word meanings are presented. They are taken as temporary semantic consolidations. Text word-token, text word-type and lexicon-word are distinguished as three types of meaning, i.e. as differently enriched representations of knowledge which are closely interrelated.
Thomas Müntzer und die deutsche Sprache
Authors: Schildt Joachim 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Thomas Müntzer’s language work, particularly effective from 1523 to 1525, is dealt with from two aspects. On the one hand, it is integrated into tendencies of language development of his time; it can be shown that Müntzer-whether consciously or not - contributed to the process of levelling and selection of the various literary languages of that time - the prerequisite to the development of a national literary language. On the other hand, it is described how Müntzer-like other personalities powerful of expression in the time of the Reformation and the Peasants’ War-used specific language means to make himself understood by the broad masses of the people in his revolutionary ideas based on the Bible. Trained in ancient rhetoric, he fell back upon means of spoken language and thus gave his language a “popular” character in the true sense of the word.
Le discours jacobin: une« illusion héroïque»?
Authors: Erfurt Jürgen 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Das Phänomen der „heroischen Illusion“, das von Revolutionshistorikern konzeptualisiert wurde, reicht weit in die kommunikative Praxis hinein. Bei der Analyse des jakobinischen Diskurses der Jahre 1792 bis 1794 ist es ein Interpretationsrahmen für eine Vielzahl sprachlicher und kommunikativer Erscheinungen, die erst im Bezug auf dieses Konzept funktional erklärbar werden. So für die Interpretation des Verlustes an wirklichkeitsnaher lebendiger Inszenierung der revolutionären Ereignisse in Pressetexten der Jakobiner, für kommunikative Verfahren des Verhüllens von Kritik, der Vereinnahmung aller für einen vorgegebenen Konsens genauso wie für den Umgang mit sakraler Lexik.
Zur Bildung von Diminutiv- und Augmentativformen im Swahili
Authors: Herms Irmtraud 
Published: November 2016

Summary
In written texts (mostly novels) in Swahili, a Bantu language in East Africa, and talks with speakers of the language, many examples of diminutive and augmentative forms of the nouns were found and analyzed. On morphophonological grounds, the diminutive prefix is either ki- or kiji- (double prefix), whereas the augmentative prefix is ji- or zero. The formation of the diminutive and augmentative forms in singular and plural is shown in detail for every noun class. In case of the existence of two diminutive forms of a noun (with ki- and kiji-), the form with kiji- expresses an additional diminutive idea. The diminutives express smallness in general, but can be used with a derogatory meaning; whereas augmentativos express a special hugeness, but can bo used also to characterize non-human features with persons. If emphasis is put on the diminutive (augmentative) meaning, even nouns denoting living beings take the ’ki-(resp. rna-) concords. The vi- and ma- prefixes are also used to express collectiveness.
Sexus-Genus-Beziehungen im Hindi
Authors: Börner-Westphal Barbara 
Published: November 2016

Summary
In Hindi within the category of gender masculine and feminine can be distinguished. To a certain extent the opposition of male and female is reflected in the opposition of masculine and feminine and sex can be identified by the gender of the noun as well as by secondary gender identifiers of tho language. Yet, mainly in the case of nouns denoting trades and professions, posts, representatives of intellectual and political movements and relations between individuals the feminine opposites are missing. This gap in the language is bridged by the respective masculine plus a secondary gender identifier or by this masculine plus a lexical supplement and secondary gender identifiers. Yet, the above mentioned linguistic means that are used for denoting male and female individuals cannot be employed indiscriminately or regardless of tho context. Certain sentence structures, too, rule out the use of certain means of the language for denoting gender explicitely.
Zu einigen Aspekten des phonetisch-phonologischen Systems der Filipino-Konsonanten
Authors: Skorynin Sergej 
Published: November 2016

Резюме
В работе сделана попытка представать фонетическую характеристику согласных финитно (пнлшшио-тагалог). Описанию звукового строя этого языка до настоящего времени уделялось нішо недостаточно внимания, что приводит порой к совершенно про* тивоположмым точкам зрения на некоторые фонетические н фонологические аспекты. Во второй части автор на основе тридцати двух вариаций согласных звуков и лексических дублетах делает попытку представить уже фонологическую характеристику согласных путем противопоставлении их характерных признаков.
Modalverben als Prädikat in der vietnamesischen Sprache
Authors: Ha Nguyen Minh 
Published: November 2016

Резюме
В статье обсуждается вопрос об особенностях вьетнамских модальных глаголов. Традиционное рассмотрение модальных глаголов как часть сказуемого - рядом с главным глаголом - при этом подтверждения не находит. Модальные глаголы во вьет­намском языке могут самостоятельно играть роль сказуемого в предложении.
Terminativ-2-Verben im Arabischen
Authors: Blohm Dieter 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The paper deals with the mutual relations of actional main types and the meaning of both of finite verbal forms (perfect and imperfect forms) and the active participle in the field of (initially determined) terminative(2)-verbs in Arabic like intalaqa ‘to go off, to leave’. The finite verbal forms express single or repeated actions, whereas the actional segment that follows the initial point can be of various length. The active participle occurs above all in non-predicative positions (e.g. as attribute or predicative attribute). The durative basic meaning of the participle is manifested in actions with general/iterative or repeated/temporally expanded meaning. On the other hand the active participle is not use in order to point out single actions. The active participle expresses in this way above all stylistic nuances with regard to the meaning of the imperfect form.
Kohärenz in laotischen Pressemitteilungen
Authors: Schulze Eike 
Published: November 2016

Summary
This article presents an analysis of a Lao text of the text-type ‘press information’ in order to clarify some means of textual coherence, including some functional aspects. Textual coherence is brought about by interpropositional relations, which, on their turn, are realized by meaning types and topic relations. Meaning types describe syntactic means of connecting propositions as textual elements. Topic relations are relations between textual elements established by referentially identical lexemes (i. e. topics). Characteristic of Lao texts of the above mentioned text-type is a mainly asyndetic connection of textual elements, according to the text-typical functional-communicative features ‘objective’ and ‘concise’. A great amount of topic chains has its starting-point in the headline of the text and is almost completely repeated in the first sentence. Most topics are repetitions of their first mentions. The interruption or ending of topic chains in many cases already after the first sentence are signals for a chunk-borderline at this position.
Do Fencers Require a Weapon-Specific Approach to Strength and Conditioning Training?
Authors: Turner Anthony N. , Bishop Chris J. , Cree Jon A. , Edwards Michael L. , Chavda Shyam , Read Paul J. , Kirby David M.J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Turner, AN, Bishop, CJ, Cree, JA, Edwards, ML, Chavda, S, Read, PJ, and Kirby, DMJ. Do fencers require a weapon-specific approach to strength and conditioning training? J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1662–1668, 2017—There are 3 types of weapons used in Olympic fencing: the épée, foil, and sabre. The aim of this study was to determine if fencers exhibited different physical characteristics across weapons. Seventy-nine male (n = 46) and female (n = 33) national standard fencers took part in this study. Fencers from each weapon (male and female), i.e., épée (n = 19 and 10), foil (n = 22 and 14), and sabre (n = 13 and 10), were (mean ± SD) 15.9 ± 0.7 years of age, 178.5 ± 7.9 cm tall, 67.4 ± 12.2 kg in mass and had 6.3 ± 2.3 years fencing experience; all were in regular training (∼4 times per week). Results revealed that across all performance tests (lower-body power, reactive strength index, change of direction speed, and repeat lunge ability), there was no significant main effect for weapon in male fencers (p = 0.63) or female fencers (p = 0.232), but a significant main affect for gender (p < 0.001). Pairwise comparisons revealed that male fencers scored better during the countermovement jump, change of direction speed, and repeat lunge ability test (p < 0.001). The former findings may be because of similarities in bout intensity and time, movement types (lunging and changing direction), and the need to execute competition actions as explosively as possible. Based on the findings of the present study, it could be indicated that épée, foil, and sabre fencers do not require a weapon-specific approach to strength and conditioning training. Each fencer should target the area they are weakest at, rather than an area that they feel best represents the unique demands of their weapon.
Global Positioning System Analysis of a High School Football Scrimmage
Authors: Gleason Benjamin H. , Sams Matthew L. , Salley John T. , Pustina A. Andrew , Stone Michael H. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Gleason, BH, Sams, M, Salley, JT, Pustina, A, and Stone, MH. Global positioning system analysis of a high school football scrimmage. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2183–2188, 2017—The purpose of this study was to examine the physical demands of a high school American football scrimmage. Male high school football players (N = 25) participated in a spring scrimmage. Global positioning system data and game film were recorded throughout the entirety of the scrimmage to determine the total distance covered, the distance covered in different velocity bands, the number of accelerations and decelerations performed, and the work-to-rest ratio of the scrimmage. The athletes were divided into 2 groups: linemen (L) (N = 7) vs. nonlinemen (NL) (N = 8) for statistical analysis, and independent T-tests with Holm's sequential Bonferroni adjustment were used to determine differences in movement characteristics between the L and NL groups. Average play duration was 5.7 ± 2.1 seconds, whereas the rest interval was 33.4 ± 13.6 seconds between plays, for an overall exercise-to-rest ratio of 1:5.9. Total distance, standing and walking distance, running distance, striding distance, sprinting distance, and total high-speed running distance covered by NL was greater than L (statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05). Distances traveled in each velocity band by position and by play are also included to provide context of our findings. Data from the present study add to the pool of support for the use of position-specific training in preparing high school football players for competition.
Effect of High-Speed Strength Training on Physical Performance in Young Soccer Players of Different Ages
Authors: Rodríguez-Rosell David , Franco-Márquez Felipe , Mora-Custodio Ricardo , González-Badillo Juan José 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Rodríguez-Rosell, D, Franco-Márquez, F, Mora-Custodio, R, and González-Badillo, JJ. Effect of high-speed strength training on physical performance in young soccer players of different ages. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2498–2508, 2017—The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of low-load, low-volume weight training combined with plyometrics on strength, sprint, and jump performance in soccer players of different ages. Eighty-six soccer players from the same academy were categorized into 3 groups by age (under 13 years, U13, n = 30; under 15, U15, n = 28; and under 17, U17, n = 28) and then randomly assigned into 2 subgroups: a strength training group (STG) and a control group (CG). The strength training program was performed twice a week for 6 weeks and consisted of full squats (load: 45–60% 1 repetition maximum; volume: 3 set of 8–4 repetitions), jumps, and straight line sprint exercises. After training intervention, the STGs showed significant improvements in maximal strength (7.5–54.5%; p < 0.001), jump height (5.7–12.5%; p <0.01–0.001), and sprint time (−3.7 to −1.2%; p ≤0.05–0.001), whereas no significant gains were found for any variable in the CGs. Comparison between experimental groups resulted in a greater magnitude of change for U13 compared with U15 (effect sizes [ES]: 0.10–0.53) and U17 (ES: 0.14–1.41) soccer players in most variables, whereas U15 showed higher improvements in jump and strength parameters than U17 (ES: 0.25–0.90) soccer players. Thus, although our results indicates that a combined weight training and plyometrics program may be effective in eliciting gains in strength, jump, and sprint in soccer players of different ages, the training program used appears to be generally less effective as the age of the soccer players increased. Therefore, it appears that training characteristics (mainly volume, intensity, and type of exercise) should be modified in relation to maturity status and initial strength level.
Conserved Ankyrin Repeat Proteins and Their NIMA Kinase Partners Regulate Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Intracellular Trafficking inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lažetić Vladimir , Fay David S 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMolting is an essential developmental process in nematodes during which the epidermal apical extracellular matrix, the cuticle, is remodeled to accommodate further growth. Using genetic approaches, we identified a requirement for three conserved ankyrin repeat-rich proteins, MLT-2/ANKS6, MLT-3/ANKS3, and MLT-4/INVS, in Caenorhabditis elegans molting. Loss of mlt function resulted in severe defects in the ability of larvae to shed old cuticle and led to developmental arrest. Genetic analyses demonstrated that MLT proteins functionally cooperate with the conserved NIMA kinase family members NEKL-2/NEK8 and NEKL-3/NEK6/NEK7 to promote cuticle shedding. MLT and NEKL proteins were specifically required within the hyp7 epidermal syncytium, and fluorescently tagged mlt and nekl alleles were expressed in puncta within this tissue. Expression studies further showed that NEKL-2–MLT-2–MLT-4 and NEKL-3–MLT-3 colocalize within largely distinct assemblies of apical foci. MLT-2 and MLT-4 were required for the normal accumulation of NEKL-2 at the hyp7–seam cell boundary, and loss of mlt-2 caused abnormal nuclear accumulation of NEKL-2. Correspondingly, MLT-3, which bound directly to NEKL-3, prevented NEKL-3 nuclear localization, supporting the model that MLT proteins may serve as molecular scaffolds for NEKL kinases. Our studies additionally showed that the NEKL–MLT network regulates early steps in clathrin-mediated endocytosis at the apical surface of hyp7, which may in part account for molting defects observed in nekl and mlt mutants. This study has thus identified a conserved NEKL–MLT protein network that regulates remodeling of the apical extracellular matrix and intracellular trafficking, functions that may be conserved across species.
Lack of Recognition, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Overweight/Obesity in Children Hospitalized for Asthma
Authors: Borgmeyer Anne , Ercole Patrick M. , Niesen Angela , Strunk Robert C. 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVES:
Information is lacking regarding recognition and treatment of overweight and obesity in children hospitalized for asthma. The study objectives were to determine the current practice of recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of overweight and obesity for children hospitalized for asthma and to describe demographic, asthma, and weight characteristics for these patients.

METHODS:
A retrospective record review was conducted for children admitted to the hospital with asthma in 2012. Charts were reviewed for evidence of recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of overweight and obesity. Subjects were classified into age-adjusted Centers for Disease Control and Prevention weight categories based on BMI percentile and chronic asthma severity categories according to National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines.

RESULTS:
A total of 510 subjects aged 3 to 17 years were studied. Obesity was present in 19.6% and overweight in 13.3% of subjects. BMI percentile was recorded in only 3.3% of all charts, in only 11% of subjects with obesity, and in 0% of subjects with overweight. BMI percentile was documented more often in subjects with severe obesity (P = .013) and with moderate to severe persistent asthma (P = .035). Only 9 of 168 subjects who were overweight or obese (5.6%) were given a discharge diagnosis indicating overweight or obesity, and 14 (8.3%) received treatment. Chronic asthma severity differed by BMI weight category (P &lt; .001), with a significant relationship between obesity status and chronic asthma severity in older subjects (P = .033). There were no differences in severity of acute episodes based on weight group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Overweight and obesity were underrecognized, underdiagnosed, and undertreated in children hospitalized for asthma.
Maternal Anthropometry and Mammographic Density in Adult Daughters
Authors: Michels Karin B. , Cohn Barbara A. , Goldberg Mandy , Flom Julie D. , Dougan Marcelle , Terry Mary Beth 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:
We examined the relation between maternal anthropometry and mammographic density in the adult daughter using prospectively collected data.

METHODS:
Our study included a total of 700 mother-daughter dyads participating in an adult follow-up of women born in 2 US birth cohorts: the Child Health and Development Study and the Boston, Massachusetts, and Providence, Rhode Island sites of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project.

RESULTS:
We observed an increased percent breast density at a mean age of 43.1 years in the daughters of mothers who gained 5 kg or less during pregnancy compared with mother-daughter pairs in which the mother gained 5 to 10 kg (β = 4.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 8.6). The daughters of mothers who were overweight at the time of conception (prepregnancy BMI ≥25) and who gained &gt;5 kg during pregnancy had a lower percent density (β = –3.2, 95% confidence interval: –6.2 to –0.2) compared with mothers with a BMI &lt;25 at conception who gained &gt;5 kg.

CONCLUSIONS:
We did not find any strong and consistent patterns between maternal anthropometry and the daughter’s breast density, a strong predictor of breast cancer risk. A modest association between low gestational weight gain and increased breast density 40 years later in the daughter was observed, even after accounting for adult body size, and if confirmed, possible mechanisms need to be further elucidated.
Graves Induced Reversible LVOT Obstruction.
Authors: Smyrlis Athanasios , Yaranov Dmitry , Khan Shahzad , Krichavsky Marc , Fisher Lawrence 
Published: November 2016

<p>Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction is most commonly associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Dynamic LVOT obstruction has been described in various clinical settings including Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, sepsis, treatment with adrenergic agonists and in the setting of acute anterior wall myocardial infarction. Reversible LVOT obstruction has been reported after treatment of pheochromocytoma. A common denominatorin these cases is increased inotropy of the basal LV segments, secondary to catecholamine excess, resulting in obliteration of the LVOT. We report the case of a 59 year old male with a structurally normal heart who developed symptomatic LVOT obstruction in the setting of Graves disease. His symptoms and LVOT gradient completely resolved once his thyroid function normalized with appropriate treatment. To our knowledge this is the first case report of hyperthyroidism induced reversible LVOT obstruction. </p>