bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescriptions Written in Capital Letters in Compliance with National Accreditation Board of Hospital Standards
Authors: Bhalla Shalini , Chawla, Ritwik , Kaushik, Saakshi 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Objectives
(1) To study compliance rate of prescriptions written in capital letters according to continual quality improvement (CQI) 3j indicator of National Accreditation Board of Hospital (NABH) (4th edition). (2) To study compliance to doctors and patient detail, legibility of prescriptions, strength and dose, frequency, route of administration, dosage form, abbreviation for drug, allergy detail, and leading zeros in the dose.

Materials and methods
Convenient randomly selected Medication Administration Record (MAR) sheets from wards and intensive care units (ICUs) were studied. One hundred thirty-two prescriptions were identified for errors pertaining to doctor’s details, patient’s details, and medication details. Errors were captured on a prepared checklist for a period of 11 days. Results were analyzed by Microsoft Excel.

Results
Results were expressed in percentages for wards and ICUs respectively. Six hundred twenty four and 652 drugs were observed in wards and ICUs respectively. Doctor’s name was present in 79.6 and 83.3%. Out of 55 prescriptions in both wards and ICUs, patient’s name compliance was 94.5 and 96.4% and patient’s weight was 83.6 and 81.8% respectively. Compliance for drugs in capital was 98 and 100% for wards and ICUs respectively. Details pertaining to medication were also found out subsequently on various parameters.

Conclusion
The study revealed that the level of completeness of handwritten prescriptions was low in terms of doctor’s details and patient’s weight, which indicates unsatisfactory commitment of the prescribers to follow the hospital guidelines of prescribing. Majority of prescriptions showed compliance to medication written in capital but still the compliance to clear and legible prescriptions is three-fourths of the total prescriptions.

How to cite this article
Kaushik S, Chawla R, Bhalla S. Prescriptions Written in Capital Letters in Compliance with National Accreditation Board of Hospital Standards. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2016;4(2):89-99.
Mergers by a Private Hospital: One Script Two Different Endings!
Authors: Kaur Gurvinder , Jain Kanika , Jain Deepti , Kapur Viney 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A comparative study of a failed and a successful merger in health care was conducted in an attempt to explore the reasons for success or failure of mergers.

Materials and methods
This was a retrospective exploratory study of two mergers with the primary hospital being common. A detailed study of the existing policies and procedures, hospital records, financial data, and hospital statistics was conducted. Trends were analyzed and compared with the observed value.

Results
Reasons for the successful mergers can be attributed to managerial commitment and coordination, communication, as well as proximity of consultants of the two merging entities. Adequate strategic planning, a professional approach, and incremental implementation of necessary changes are also essential. No redressal of staff and stakeholder apprehension and poor communication are reasons for failure of mergers.

Conclusion
A merger in the Indian hospital scenario is a fairly recent phenomenon. Factors, and their interplay that result in successful or failed mergers in Indian context, are an unexplored field of research. Mergers are capital and resource-intensive, and the consequences of a failed alliance are huge. Thus, a careful, holistic feasibility study is essential before embarking on a merger.

How to cite this article
Jain D, Jain K, Kaur G, Kapur V. Mergers by a Private Hospital: One Script Two Different Endings! Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2016;4(2):107-113.
Het zelfbeeld van sociaal tolken, een miskend en onderschat beroep
Authors: Gentile Paola 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Public service interpreters (sociaal tolken in Dutch) – who work in hospitals and legal settings (such as courts and police stations) – play a fundamental role in the communication and integration process of allochtonous people. It is therefore not surprising that the final report of the Special Interest Group of Translation and Interpreting for Public Services points out that the profession is referred to as: ‘not just a matter of communication, but a matter of natural rights, of human rights: rights to be promoted, defended and guaranteed’ (SIGTIPS Final Report 2011, p. 7). Despite its significant social function, public service interpreting still lacks professionalization, even though the situation often changes from country to country. In some European countries, privatization and outsourcing of public service interpreting result in the violation of the right to linguistic assistance in public services, a phenomenon which has had significant repercussions not only at social level, but also on interpreters’ self-perception of their status. Drawing on Inghilleri’s theories on the way in which macro-social features have an impact on interpreting (2004; 2007), the present contribution presents the findings of a survey on the professional status of 39 public service interpreters working in The Netherlands, a multicultural and multilingual country where the provision of interpreting services has been particularly impacted by national policies. Special attention will be paid to the following questionnaire sections: income, perception of status, social value and the future of the profession.
Partitioning the impacts of spatial and climatological rainfall variability in urban drainage modeling
Authors: Peleg Nadav , Blumensaat Frank , Molnar Peter , Fatichi Simone , Burlando Paolo 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The performance of urban drainage systems is typically examined using hydrological and hydrodynamic models where rainfall input is uniformly distributed, i.e., derived from a single or very few rain gauges. When models are fed with a single uniformly distributed rainfall realization, the response of the urban drainage system to the rainfall variability remains unexplored. The goal of this study was to understand how climate variability and spatial rainfall variability, jointly or individually considered, affect the response of a calibrated hydrodynamic urban drainage model. A stochastic spatially distributed rainfall generator (STREAP – Space-Time Realizations of Areal Precipitation) was used to simulate many realizations of rainfall for a 30-year period, accounting for both climate variability and spatial rainfall variability. The generated rainfall ensemble was used as input into a calibrated hydrodynamic model (EPA SWMM – the US EPA's Storm Water Management Model) to simulate surface runoff and channel flow in a small urban catchment in the city of Lucerne, Switzerland. The variability of peak flows in response to rainfall of different return periods was evaluated at three different locations in the urban drainage network and partitioned among its sources. The main contribution to the total flow variability was found to originate from the natural climate variability (on average over 74 %). In addition, the relative contribution of the spatial rainfall variability to the total flow variability was found to increase with longer return periods. This suggests that while the use of spatially distributed rainfall data can supply valuable information for sewer network design (typically based on rainfall with return periods from 5 to 15 years), there is a more pronounced relevance when conducting flood risk assessments for larger return periods. The results show the importance of using multiple distributed rainfall realizations in urban hydrology studies to capture the total flow variability in the response of the urban drainage systems to heavy rainfall events.
O USO DE TÉCNICAS DE GEOPROCESSAMENTO E GEOESTATISTICA COMO FERRAMENTA PARA GESTÃO MUNICIPAL
Authors: Silva Medeiros Monalisa Cristina , Silva Adailton Lima , Freitas Janierk Pereira , Damasceno Joao Damasceno 
Published: March 2017

RESUMO A presente pesquisa apresenta como objetivo compreender as condições sócio-econimicas e ambientais de um recorte do bairro de Bodocongó na cidade de Campina Grande (PB), com uso de técnicas de Geoestatística e Geoprocessamento, buscando avaliar sua dinâmica e a partir de coleta de dados e técnicas computacionais como forma de modelo de planejamento urbano identificar as fragilidades sociais e ambientais de um bairro pela representação estatística, procurando delimitar suas áreas de fragilidades. A partir de um levantamento bibliográfico, pesquisa in loco com aplicação de questionários, juntamente com técnicas de geoestatisca e geopocessamento, podemos identificar e concluir que a área de estudo é carente de políticas públicas, onde se faz necessário uma maior atenção por parte dos gestores para que a população tenha uma melhor qualidade de vida, tendo em vistas os diversos problemas identificados na infra estrutura do bairro que reflete na qualidade de vida da população. Assim, este tipo de trabalho permite além da identificação dos mais diversos problemas, a partir da analise propor subsídios para um melhor planejamento.
Cycad Palm Toxicosis in 14 Dogs from Texas
Authors: Clarke Carolyn , Burney Derek 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study is to report clinical information, diagnostic findings, and treatment modalities; assess variables that may help distinguish survivors from nonsurvivors; and review the outcome of cycad palm toxicosis in dogs. Fourteen client-owned dogs with confirmed cycad palm ingestion were identified by reviewing the medical record database at Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists. Information on signalment, time of ingestion to presentation, clinical signs, physical examination findings, initial and peak/nadir laboratory abnormalities, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings, treatment modalities, liver histopathology, and clinical outcome was retrieved. Of the 14 dogs, nine (64%) died as a direct result of cycad palm intoxication, and three survivors had persistently elevated liver enzymes, signifying residual liver damage. Despite decontamination, patients continued to display evidence of illness, indicating rapid absorption of toxins. When evaluating initial and peak/nadir laboratory values, nadir serum albumin levels and nadir platelet counts were significantly lower in nonsurvivors compared to survivors (1.25 g/dL [0.4–2.1 g/dL] versus 2.6 g/dL [1.7–3.4 g/dL] and 21 × 103 [0–64 × 103] versus 62 × 103 [6–144 × 103], respectively). In this cohort of dogs, the case fatality rate was higher than previously reported. Nadir serum albumin levels and nadir platelet counts may help distinguish potential survivors from nonsurvivors.
Áreas Complementarias para la Conservación de la Flora de Preocupación Especial en Regiones Semiáridas de Honduras
Authors: Midence Raudales Cindy Melissa 
Published: March 2017

Las formaciones vegetales secas forman parte de los ecosistemas más amenazados en el mundo. En Honduras, los bosques secos representan el 9.4% de su cobertura original producto del cambio del uso de suelo por actividades antrópicas. Como un intento de averiguar el área potencial de distribución de especies de flora de preocupación especial e identificar las áreas complementarias para su conservación basada en sitios de mayor riqueza, adentro de la ecorregión de Bosque Seco de Honduras, se aplicó un programa de modelaje bioclimático basado únicamente en presencias, generando mediante MaxEnt modelos individuales de hábitat para 27 especies. Como resultado del análisis de complementariedad se proponen tres áreas prioritarias para la conservación, siguiendo el criterio de conservar el menor número de áreas que alberguen el mayor número de especies. Se concluye que el modelo mostró su eficacia para establecer áreas de conservación, en tres áreas: Oropolí, Tegucigalpa y Morocelí situadas en la región centro y sur de Honduras.Ceiba, 2016. Volumen 54(2):147-156
Knowledge of Chagas disease in a bolivian population living in Valencia, Spain
Authors: Salvador-Gil Vanesa , Usero-Ruiz Ana I. , Muñoz-Miguel Julio , Ortí-Lucas Rafael Manuel 
Published: March 2017

Fundamentals: Migration movements between countries have enabled the extension of Chagas disease to non-endemic countries such as Spain, where only recently there has been awareness of this emerging global disease and procedures have been put in place for its management. The objective of this study is to determine the level of knowledge of Chagas disease, its symptoms, means of transmission and places where seropositive residents in Valencia (Spain) may seek medical assistance. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study of 96 Bolivian migrants living in Valencia (Spain). The sample was randomly selected and taking advantage of the bolivian elections in 2014. A specific epidemiological survey was conducted and screening blood tests were carried out using ELISA and confirmatory diagnosis by indirect immunofluorescence. After the bivariate analysis, logistic regression models were created to determine the variables that accounted for the lack of knowledge of the disease.Results: The prevalence of Chagas was 35.4%. However, 24% of the total sample and 26.1% of seropositive participants do not know about the disease and 70.8% of participants do not know about the symptoms of the disease. While 58.3% (41.1% of seropositive participants) ignore what the means of transmission in non-endemic countries are and 47.1% do not know where to seek medical attention. This ignorance is predominant in participants over 45 years of age and with lower levels of education.Conclusions: There is an important lack of knowledge of the disease which, along with the issue of a high prevalence, elevates Chagas disease into being a potential public health problem which requires specific control and preventive measures.
The Erosion of Sovereignty
Authors: Loughlin Martin 
Published: March 2017

The Erosion of Sovereignty
This article presents an account of sovereignty as a concept that signifies in jural terms the nature and quality of political relations within the modern state. It argues, first, that sovereignty is a politico-legal concept that expresses the autonomous nature of the state’s political power and its specific mode of operation in the form of law and, secondly, that many political scientists and lawyers present a skewed account by confusing sovereignty with governmental competence. After clarifying its meaning, the significance of contemporary governmental change is explained as one that, in certain respects, involves an erosion of sovereignty.
National Identity, Constitutional Identity, and Sovereignty in the EU
Authors: Cloots Elke 
Published: March 2017

National Identity, Constitutional Identity, and Sovereignty in the EU
This article challenges the assumption, widespread in European constitutional discourse, that ‘national identity’ and ‘constitutional identity’ can be used interchangeably. First, this essay demonstrates that the conflation of the two terms lacks grounding in a sound theory of legal interpretation. Second, it submits that the requirements of respect for national and constitutional identity, as articulated in the EU Treaty and in the case law of certain constitutional courts, respectively, rest on different normative foundations: fundamental principles of political morality versus a claim to State sovereignty. Third, it is argued that the Treaty-makers had good reasons for writing into the EU Treaty a requirement of respect for the Member States’ national identities rather than the States’ sovereignty, or their constitutional identity.
‘Should the People Decide?’ Referendums in a Post-Sovereign Age, the Scottish and Catalonian Cases
Authors: Tierney Stephen 
Published: March 2017

‘Should the People Decide?’ Referendums in a Post-Sovereign Age, the Scottish and Catalonian Cases
This article uses the rise of referendum democracy to highlight the tenacity of modern nationalism in Western Europe. The proliferation of direct democracy around the world raises important questions about the health of representative democracy. The paper offers a theoretical re-evaluation of the role of the referendum, using the 2014 referendum on Scottish independence to challenge some of the traditional democratic criticisms of popular democracy. The final part of the paper addresses the specific application of referendums in the context of sub-state nationalism, addressing what might be called `the demos question'. This question was addressed by the Supreme Court in Canada in the Quebec Secession Reference but has also been brought to the fore by the Scottish reference and the unresolved issue of self-determination in Catalonia.
E-commerce, collectieve verbodsacties en rechtskeuzebedingen in consumentenovereenkomsten: verfijning van het Europees conflictenrecht
Authors: Streng R.P. 
Published: March 2017

E-commerce, collectieve verbodsacties en rechtskeuzebedingen in consumentenovereenkomsten: verfijning van het Europees conflictenrecht
In HvJ 28 juli 2016, zaak C-191/15, Verein für Konsumenteninformation/Amazon EU Sárl, ECLI:EU:C:2016:612 heeft het Hof van Justitie geoordeeld dat oneerlijke bedingen in online gesloten of nog te sluiten overeenkomsten met consumenten en tegen het gebruik waarvan met een preventieve collectieve verbodsactie wordt geageerd, het karakter hebben van verbintenissen uit overeenkomst. De rechtmatigheid van dergelijke bedingen moet daarom, ook wanneer de rechtmatigheidstoets als voorvraag opkomt in het kader van een niet-contractuele collectieve verbodsactie, worden beoordeeld naar het recht dat door Verordening (EG) nr. 593/2008 (Rome I) wordt aangewezen. Daarentegen is volgens de advocaat-generaal alleen Verordening (EG) nr. 864/2007 (Rome II) relevant.HvJ 28 juli 2016, zaak C-191/15, Verein für Konsumenteninformation/Amazon EU Sàrl, ECLI:EU:C:2016:612
Nieuwe jurisprudentie over de dienstenrichtlijn
Authors: van Rijn T.P.J.N. 
Published: March 2017

Nieuwe jurisprudentie over de dienstenrichtlijn
In de afgelopen maanden zijn door Europese rechterlijke instanties drie arresten gewezen, die verschillende artikelen van de Dienstenrichtlijn op nieuwe punten interpreteren. Het gaat om vragen als: zijn concessies als vergunningen aan te merken, hoe moeten bepaalde (verboden) vergunningsvoorwaarden worden geïnterpreteerd, kunnen vergunningen automatisch verlengd worden en in hoeverre is een meldingsplicht voor dienstverrichtingen vanuit een andere lidstaat geoorloofd. Tot slot zal onderzocht worden of uit het arrest Promoimpresa afgeleid kan worden dat de artikelen 9 t/m 15 van de richtlijn ook van toepassing zijn op zuiver interne situaties.HvJ 23 februari 2016, zaak C-179/14, Commissie/Hongarije, ECLI:EU:C:2016:108HvJ 14 juli 2016, gev. zaken C-458/14 en C-67/15, Promoimpresa e.a., ECLI:EU:C:2016:558.EVA-Hof 10 mei 2016, zaak E-19/15, ESA/Liechtenstein
Le développement de compétences à l’école primaire au regard de la théorie de l’enquête de Dewey
Authors: Pepin Matthias 
Published: March 2017

Le concept de compétence tire son essence du courant épistémologique constructiviste. Dans cet article, nous montrons que la philosophie pragmatique américaine, et plus particulièrement l’instrumentalisme de John Dewey, permet de fournir un éclairage cohérent sur le développement de compétences, en milieu scolaire en l’occurrence. Chez Dewey, l’enquête, comme mode d’apprentissage spécifique pour dépasser les situations indéterminées qui surviennent dans l’expérience, constitue le support au développement de compétences. En effet, les savoirs acquis au terme des enquêtes doivent être réinvestis dans l’action et servir à la résolution existentielle des situations indéterminées rencontrées. La conception deweyenne de l’apprentissage se concrétise plus avant par la mise en oeuvre de ce qu’il appelle des « occupations » comme moyen de conduire l’éducation. Ces « occupations », c’est-à-dire des activités sociales introduites dans le cadre de la classe, représentent alors le contexte pédagogique qui donne une direction et un sens aux expériences à vivre en milieu scolaire et sont également le support au déploiement de processus d’enquête. Nous illustrerons le propos à l’appui des résultats de notre recherche doctorale, au cours de laquelle nous avons documenté les apprentissages réalisés autour de la mise en oeuvre d’un magasin scolaire à l’école primaire.
Sympathy for the devil: a conservation strategy for devil and manta rays
Authors: Lawson Julia M. , Fordham Sonja V. , O’Malley Mary P. , Davidson Lindsay N.K. , Walls Rachel H.L. , Heupel Michelle R. , Stevens Guy , Fernando Daniel , Budziak Ania , Simpfendorfer Colin A. , Ender Isabel , Francis Malcolm P. , Notarbartolo di Sciara Giuseppe , Dulvy Nicholas K. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundInternational trade for luxury products, medicines, and tonics poses a threat to both terrestrial and marine wildlife. The demand for and consumption of gill plates (known asPeng Yu Sai, “Fish Gill of Mobulid Ray”) from devil and manta rays (subfamily Mobulinae, collectively referred to as mobulids) poses a significant threat to these marine fishes because of their extremely low productivity. The demand for these gill plates has driven an international trade supplied by largely unmonitored and unregulated catches from target and incidental fisheries around the world. Scientific research, conservation campaigns, and legal protections for devil rays have lagged behind those for manta rays despite similar threats across all mobulids.MethodsTo investigate the difference in attention given to devil rays and manta rays, we examined trends in the scientific literature and updated species distribution maps for all mobulids. Using available information on target and incidental fisheries, and gathering information on fishing and trade regulations (at international, national, and territorial levels), we examined how threats and protective measures overlap with species distribution. We then used a species conservation planning approach to develop the Global Devil and Manta Ray Conservation Strategy, specifying a vision, goals, objectives, and actions to advance the knowledge and protection of both devil and manta rays.Results and DiscussionOur literature review revealed that there had been nearly 2.5-times more “manta”-titled publications, than “mobula” or “devil ray”-titled publications over the past 4.5 years (January 2012–June 2016). The majority of these recent publications were reports on occurrence of mobulid species. These publications contributed to updated Area of Occupancy and Extent of Occurrence maps which showed expanded distributions for most mobulid species and overlap between the two genera. While several international protections have recently expanded to include all mobulids, there remains a greater number of national, state, and territory-level protections for manta rays compared to devil rays. We hypothesize that there are fewer scientific publications and regulatory protections for devil rays due primarily to perceptions of charisma that favour manta rays. We suggest that the well-established species conservation framework used here offers an objective solution to close this gap. To advance the goals of the conservation strategy we highlight opportunities for parity in protection and suggest solutions to help reduce target and bycatch fisheries.