bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deprivation and healthy food access, cost and availability: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Williamson S. , McGregor‐Shenton M. , Brumble B. , Wright B. , Pettinger C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundFood access, cost and availability have been identified as determinants of dietary choice. It has been suggested that these are socio‐economically patterned; however, the evidence is inconclusive. The present study investigated whether differences exist with respect to healthy food access, cost and availability between areas of contrasting deprivation.MethodsAn ecological, cross‐sectional study was conducted in two of the most and two of the least deprived wards in Plymouth. Food retail outlets (FROs) (n = 38) were identified and mapped using Geographic Information Systems to assess ‘physical access’, by foot, to food retail provision. Healthy food basket (HFB) surveys were conducted (n = 32) to compare the cost and availability of 28 healthy food items between the more and less deprived areas.ResultsAreas of poor access to food retail provision were identified in both study areas, with a higher number of households in the more‐deprived areas being affected than in the less‐deprived areas, after accounting for car ownership levels. Median [IQR] HFB availability was lower in more‐deprived than the less‐deprived areas (48%, [39‐71%] vs. 75%, [68‐82%]; P=0.003), and in convenience stores than supermarkets (54%, [43‐72%] vs. 78%, [72‐96%]; P=0.001). Descriptive summaries revealed negligible differences in total median HFB cost between the more‐deprived and less‐deprived areas (£55.97 versus £55.94) and a larger cost difference between convenience stores and supermarkets (£62.39 versus £44.25).ConclusionsDifferences were found with respect to healthy food access, cost and availability in areas of contrasting deprivation. These appeared to be related to FRO type rather than deprivation alone.
Epidermal growth factor signals attenuate phenotypic and functional development of neocortical GABA neurons
Authors: Namba Hisaaki , Nagano Tadasato , Jodo Eiichi , Eifuku Satoshi , Horie Masao , Takebayashi Hirohide , Iwakura Yuriko , Sotoyama Hidekazu , Takei Nobuyuki , Nawa Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPhenotypic development of neocortical GABA neurons is highly plastic and promoted by various neurotrophic factors such as neuregulin‐1. A subpopulation of GABA neurons expresses not only neuregulin receptor (ErbB4) but also epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (ErbB1) during development, but the neurobiological action of EGF on this cell population is less understood than that of neuregulin‐1. Here, we examined the effects of exogenous EGF on immature GABA neurons both in culture and in vivo and also explored physiological consequences in adults. We prepared low density cultures from the neocortex of rat embryos and treated neocortical neurons with EGF. EGF decreased protein levels of glutamic acid decarboxylases (GAD65 and GAD67), and EGF influences on neuronal survival and glial proliferation were negligible or limited. The EGF treatment also diminished the frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs). In vivo administration of EGF to mouse pups reproduced the above GABAergic phenomena in neocortical culture. In EGF‐injected postnatal mice, GAD‐ and parvalbumin‐immunoreactivities were reduced in the frontal cortex. In addition, postnatal EGF treatment decreased mIPSC frequency in, and the density of, GABAergic terminals on pyramidal cells. Although these phenotypic influences on GABA neurons became less marked during development, it later resulted in the reduced β‐ and γ‐powers of sound‐evoked electroencephalogram in adults, which is regulated by parvalbumin‐positive GABA neurons and implicated in the schizophrenia pathophysiology. These findings suggest that, in contrast to the ErbB4 ligand of neuregulin‐1, the ErbB1 ligand of EGF exerts unique maturation‐attenuating influences on developing cortical GABAergic neurons.
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Effects of milk thistle meal on performance, ileal bacterial enumeration, jejunal morphology and blood lipid peroxidation in laying hens fed diets with different levels of metabolizable energy
Authors: Hashemi Jabali N. S. , Mahdavi A. H. , Ansari Mahyari S. , Sedghi M. , Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki R. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of milk thistle meal on performance, blood biochemical indices, ileal bacterial counts and intestinal histology in laying hens fed diets containing different levels of metabolizable energy. A total number of 200 Leghorn laying hens (Hy‐Line W‐36) were randomly assigned to eight experimental treatments with five cage replicates of five birds each. Dietary treatments consisted of four levels of milk thistle meal (0%, 15%, 30% and 60%) and two levels of AMEn (11.09 and 12.34 MJ/kg) fed over a period of 80 days. In vitro studies revealed that the total phenolic component of milk thistle meal was 470.64 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of the sample, and its antioxidant activity for inhibiting the 2‐2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrichydrazyl free radical and reducing ferric ions was about 21% higher than that of butylated hydroxyltoluene (p < .05). Diets containing high level of AMEn led to improved egg production (p < .05), egg weight (p < .05), egg mass (p < .01) and feed conversion ratio (p < .01). In addition, offering diets containing high energy significantly enhanced (p < .01) serum triglyceride and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as jejunal villus height. Dietary supplementation of 3% milk thistle meal resulted in the best feed conversion ratio (p < .05), reduction of ileal Escherichia coli enumeration (p < .01) and an enhancement in the villus height‐to‐crypt depth ratio (p < .05). Furthermore, feeding incremental levels of this meal led to remarkable decrease in serum cholesterol, triglyceride and MDA (p < .01) concentrations while significant increase in blood high‐density lipoprotein content and goblet cell numbers (p < .05). The present findings indicate that milk thistle meal with high antioxidant and antibacterial properties in laying hen diets may improve health indices and productive performance.
Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on vitamin A status of lactating rats and their offspring
Authors: Zeitz J. O. , Most E. , Eder K. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe absorption and metabolism of vitamin A is linked with that of lipids. It is known that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) affects the lipid metabolism in growing and lactating animals. In the present study, the hypothesis was investigated that dietary CLA influences vitamin A status of lactating rats and their pups during the suckling period. For this purpose, Wistar Han rats were fed either a control diet (control group, n = 14) or a diet containing 0.87% of cis‐9, trans‐11 and trans‐10, cis‐12 (1:1) CLA (CLA group, n = 14) during pregnancy and lactation. Vitamin A concentrations in various body tissues were determined 14 days after delivery in dams and 1, 7 and 14 days after birth in pups, and expression of selected genes involved in metabolism of retinoids was determined in dams. Vitamin A concentrations in liver, plasma and muscle were similar in control and CLA‐fed dams. Expression of genes involved in retinoid transport, storage and degradation in liver and adipose tissue in dams was also not different between control and CLA‐fed dams. Vitamin A concentrations in milk curd, sampled at d 1, 7 and 14 of lactation were not different between control and CLA‐fed dams. Vitamin A concentrations in liver, lung and adipose tissue were also not different in pups from control dams and pups from CLA‐fed dams. In conclusion, we show for the first time that dietary CLA has little effect on vitamin A concentrations and vitamin A metabolism in lactating rat dams and, moreover, does not influence tissue vitamin A concentrations in their newborn and suckling pups.
Renal energy excretion of horses depends on renal hippuric acid and nitrogen excretion
Authors: Hipp B. , Südekum K.‐H. , Zeyner A. , Goren G. , Kienzle E. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe prediction of renal energy excretion is crucial in a metabolizable energy system for horses. Phenolic acids from forage cell walls may affect renal energy losses by increasing hippuric acid excretion. Therefore, the relationships were investigated between renal energy, nitrogen (N) and hippuric acid excretion of four adult ponies (230–384 kg body weight (BW)) consuming diets based on fresh grass, grass silage, grass cobs (heat‐dried, finely chopped, pressed grass), alfalfa hay, straw, extruded straw and soybean meal. Feed intake was measured; urine and faeces were quantitatively collected for three days. Feed was analysed for crude nutrients, gross energy, amino acids and neutral‐detergent‐insoluble crude protein (CP); faeces were analysed for crude nutrients and cross energy; urine was analysed for N, hippuric acid, creatinine and gross energy. Renal energy excretion (y; kJ/kg BW0.75) correlated with renal N excretion (x1; g/kg BW0.75) and renal hippuric acid excretion (x2; g/kg BW0.75): y = 14.4 + 30.2x1+20.7x2 (r = .95; n = 30; p < .05). Renal hippuric acid excretion was highest after intake of fresh grass and lowest after intake of soybean meal. The ratio of hippuric acid to creatinine in urine and the excretion of hippuric acid per gram of dry matter intake was significantly higher for fresh grass than for all other rations. There was no relationship between aromatic amino acid intake and renal hippuric acid excretion. The results of the present study and literature data suggest that feed can be categorized into four groups with regard to the energy losses per gram CP intake: (i) protein supplements (e.g., soybean meal): 4.2–4.9 kJ/g CP intake (ii) alfalfa hay, grains, dried sugar beet pulp: 6.4 kJ/g CP intake, (iii) hay, preserved grass products, straw: 5.2–12.3 kJ/g CP intake (mean 8) and (iv) fresh grass. For group (iii) a negative relationship was observed between renal energy losses per gram of CP and the content of CP or neutral‐detergent‐insoluble CP in dry matter.
The effect of stress on haematologic response and physicochemical parameters of muscle meat in rabbits
Authors: Reséndiz‐Cruz V. , Ramírez‐Bribiesca J. E. , Mota‐Rojas D. , Guerrero‐Legarreta I. , Cruz‐Monterrosa R. G. , Hernandez‐Sanchez D. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryAnte‐mortem studies of stress in rabbits are few and can potentially impact the haematologic response and physicochemical parameters of muscle meat. The aim of this study was to investigate the induction of stress by transport and simulation at two different times. Two hundred rabbits divided in a similar proportion of male and female were stressed by vehicular transportation and with motion simulation, using a vibration platform. They were divided into five groups: Control (without stress), Stress with Short Transportation (30 min), Stress with Long Transportation (60 min), Stress with Short Vibration Platform (30 min) and Stress with Long Vibration Platform (60 min). Transportation caused a decrease in the haematic potassium in both sexes (<5.2 mmol/L). The glucose and lactate concentrations increased in the transported rabbits (>219 and >61 mg/dl respectively). The differences between sexes showed that the PCO2 in males decreased <8.5 mmHg in stress groups compared to without stress group. Glucose concentration was 61.5 mg/dl for females and 38.0 mg/dl for males (p < .01). We concluded that in rabbits induced stress by transport increased the energetic metabolites in the blood tissue. This increase did not affect the production parameters and the quality of muscle meat.
Use of a Granulocyte Immunofluorescence Assay Designed for Humans for Detection of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies in Dogs with Chronic Enteropathies
Authors: Florey J. , Viall A. , Streu S. , DiMuro V. , Riddle A. , Kirk J. , Perazzotti L. , Affeldt K. , Wagner R. , Vaden S. , Harris T. , Allenspach K. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundPerinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) previously have been shown to be serum markers in dogs with chronic enteropathies, with dogs that have food‐responsive disease (FRD) having higher frequencies of seropositivity than dogs with steroid‐responsive disease (SRD). The indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay used in previous publications is time‐consuming to perform, with low interobserver agreement.Hypothesis/ObjectivesWe hypothesized that a commercially available granulocyte IIF assay designed for humans could be used to detect perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in dogs.AnimalsForty‐four dogs with FRD, 20 dogs with SRD, 20 control dogs, and 38 soft‐coated wheaten terrier (SCWT) or SCWT‐cross dogs.MethodsA granulocyte assay designed for humans was used to detect pANCA, cANCA, and antinuclear antibodies (ANA), as well as antibodies against proteinase‐3 protein (PR‐3) and myeloperoxidase protein (MPO) in archived serum samples.ResultsSensitivity of the granulocyte assay to predict FRD in dogs was 0.61 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45, 0.75), and specificity was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.91, 1.00). A significant association was identified between positive pANCA or cANCA result and diagnosis of FRD (P < 0.0001). Agreement between the two assays to detect ANCA in the same serum samples from SCWT with protein‐losing enteropathy/protein‐losing nephropathy (PLE/PLN) was substantial (kappa, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.53, 1.00). Eight ANCA‐positive cases were positive for MPO or PR‐3 antibodies.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe granulocyte immunofluorescence assay used in our pilot study was easy and quick to perform. Agreement with the previously published method was good.
Cardiac and Metabolic Variables in Obese Dogs
Authors: Tropf M. , Nelson O.L. , Lee P.M. , Weng H.Y. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe etiology of obesity‐related cardiac dysfunction (ORCD) is linked to metabolic syndrome in people. Studies have indicated that obese dogs have components of metabolic syndrome, warranting evaluation for ORCD in obese dogs.ObjectivesTo evaluate cardiac structure and function and metabolic variables in obese dogs compared to ideal weight dogs.AnimalsForty‐six healthy, small‐breed (<25 pounds), obese dogs (n = 29) compared to ideal weight dogs (n = 17).MethodsA cross‐sectional study of cardiac structure and function by standard and strain echocardiographic measurements and quantification of serum metabolic variables (insulin:glucose ratios, lipid analysis, adiponectin, inflammatory markers).ResultsCompared to the ideal weight controls, obese dogs had cardiac changes characterized by an increased interventricular septal width in diastole to left ventricular internal dimension in diastole ratio, decreased ratios of peak early to peak late left ventricular inflow velocities, and ratios of peak early to peak late mitral annular tissue velocities, and increased fractional shortening and ejection fraction percentages. The left ventricular posterior wall width in diastole to left ventricular internal dimension in diastole ratios were not significantly different between groups. Systolic blood pressure was not significantly different between groups. Obese dogs had metabolic derangements characterized by increased insulin:glucose ratios, dyslipidemias with increased cholesterol, triglyceride, and high‐density lipoprotein concentrations, decreased adiponectin concentrations, and increased concentrations of interleukin 8 and keratinocyte‐derived chemokine‐like inflammatory cytokines.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCompared to ideal weight controls, obese dogs have alterations in cardiac structure and function as well as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypoadiponectinemia, and increased concentrations of inflammatory markers. These findings warrant additional studies to investigate inflammation, dyslipidemia, and possibly systemic hypertension as potential contributing factors for altered cardiac function.
Sorafenib vs surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with macrovascular invasion: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Costentin Charlotte E. , Decaens Thomas , Laurent Alexis , Nault Jean‐Charles , Paule Bernard , Letoublon Christian , Luciani Alain , Calderaro Julien , Adam René , Bricault Ivan , Amaddeo Giuliana , Cherqui Daniel , Mallat Ariane , Samuel Didier , Duvoux Christophe , Ganne‐Carrié Nathalie , Roudot‐Thoraval Françoise , Vibert Eric 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground & AimSorafenib is the standard of care for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and macrovascular invasion (MVI), with limited survival. Retrospective surgical studies have reported prolonged survival in this situation. This study aimed to compare the overall survival of patients with HCC and MVI treated with surgical resection or sorafenib.MethodsA total of 143 patients with HCC and MVI but no extra‐hepatic spread, treated with surgical resection (SR‐patients; n=75) or sorafenib (SOR‐patients; n=68) in four French centres between 1990 and 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. A propensity score analysis was performed to reduce bias.ResultsSR‐patients were significantly younger and had a lower tumour burden than SOR‐patients. Median overall survival (OS) rates were 10.1 months [95% CI: 4.1‐16.1] in SR‐patients and 12.9 months [95% CI: 7.9‐17.9] in SOR‐patients (P=.959). The 90‐day mortality rate was 16% (n=12) in SR‐patients and 7.5% (n=5) in SOR‐patients (P=.196). SR‐patients had a median disease‐free survival of 4.60 months [95% CI: 3.3‐5.9]. Under the propensity analysis, median OS was 12.0 months [95% CI: 5.5‐18.5] in SR‐patients vs 9.7 months [95% CI: 6.1‐13.3] in SOR‐patients (P=.682). Under multivariate analysis, extensive MVI (HR=1.956, P=.024) and bilirubin >17 μmol/L (HR=1.738, P=.011) were the two factors significantly associated with mortality.ConclusionUnder a propensity score analysis, the overall survival of patients with HCC and MVI undergoing surgical resection was similar to that achieved with sorafenib. We were not able to identify a patient subgroup experiencing a surgery‐related improvement in survival, and quality of life was not evaluable.
WUSCHEL‐RELATED HOMEOBOX4 (WOX4)‐like genes regulate cambial cell division activity and secondary growth in Populus trees
Authors: Kucukoglu Melis , Nilsson Jeanette , Zheng Bo , Chaabouni Salma , Nilsson Ove 
Published: June 2017

Summary

Plant secondary growth derives from the meristematic activity of the vascular cambium. In Arabidopsis thaliana, cell divisions in the cambium are regulated by the transcription factor WOX4, a key target of the CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (ESR)‐RELATED 41 (CLE41) signaling pathway. However, function of the WOX4‐like genes in plants that are dependent on a much more prolific secondary growth, such as trees, remains unclear.

Here, we investigate the role of WOX4 and CLE41 homologs for stem secondary growth in Populus trees.

In Populus, PttWOX4 genes are specifically expressed in the cambial region during vegetative growth, but not after growth cessation and during dormancy, possibly involving a regulation by auxin. In PttWOX4a/b RNAi trees, primary growth was not affected whereas the width of the vascular cambium was severely reduced and secondary growth was greatly diminished.

Our data show that in Populus trees, PttWOX4 genes control cell division activity in the vascular cambium, and hence growth in stem girth. This activity involves the positive regulation of PttWOX4a/b through PttCLE41‐related genes. Finally, expression profiling suggests that the CLE41 signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved program for the regulation of vascular cambium activity between angiosperm and gymnosperm tree species.
Circular linkages between soil biodiversity, fertility and plant productivity are limited to topsoil at the continental scale
Authors: Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Powell Jeff R. , Hamonts Kelly , Reith Frank , Mele Pauline , Brown Mark V. , Dennis Paul G. , Ferrari Belinda C. , Fitzgerald Anna , Young Andrew , Singh Brajesh K. , Bissett Andrew 
Published: June 2017

Summary

The current theoretical framework suggests that tripartite positive feedback relationships between soil biodiversity, fertility and plant productivity are universal. However, empirical evidence for these relationships at the continental scale and across different soil depths is lacking.

We investigate the continental‐scale relationships between the diversity of microbial and invertebrate‐based soil food webs, fertility and above‐ground plant productivity at 289 sites and two soil depths, that is 0–10 and 20–30 cm, across Australia.

Soil biodiversity, fertility and plant productivity are strongly positively related in surface soils. Conversely, in the deeper soil layer, the relationships between soil biodiversity, fertility and plant productivity weaken considerably, probably as a result of a reduction in biodiversity and fertility with depth. Further modeling suggested that strong positive associations among soil biodiversity–fertility and fertility–plant productivity are limited to the upper soil layer (0–10 cm), after accounting for key factors, such as distance from the equator, altitude, climate and physicochemical soil properties.

These findings highlight the importance of surface soil biodiversity for soil fertility, and suggest that any loss of surface soil could potentially break the links between soil biodiversity–fertility and/or fertility–plant productivity, which can negatively impact nutrient cycling and food production, upon which future generations depend.
Prolonged elevated body mass index in preschool children after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Isojima Tsuyoshi , Yokoya Susumu , Ono Atsushi , Kato Noriko , Tanaka Toshiaki , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Yamagata Zentaro , Tanaka Soichiro , Matsubara Hiroko , Ishikuro Mami , Kikuya Masahiro , Chida Shoichi , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Kuriyama Shinichi , Kure Shigeo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Great East Japan Earthquake followed by tsunamis and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) accident caused catastrophic damage. The effects of the disaster on the growth of affected children are of great concern but remain unknown.MethodsThe subject group was derived from two Japanese nationwide retrospective cohorts (historical control and exposure groups, respectively). The exposure group experienced the disaster at 47–59 months of age. We analyzed longitudinal changes in standard deviation score (SDS) for height and body mass index (BMI) using normal Japanese children's standards. Moreover, we analyzed the details of the affected children in Fukushima using Fukushima‐specific growth charts established with the historical control data to clarify any indirect effect of the disaster on growth.ResultsAffected children in Fukushima had significantly higher BMI SDS than the historical control group (difference, 0.13; 95% CI: 0.044–0.21, P = 0.0029) and the regional controls (difference, 0.14; 95% CI: 0.074–0.20, P < 0.0001) 1.5 years after the disaster. Similar sustained increases in BMI SDS were also found with Fukushima‐specific growth charts, but the phenomenon was detected only in boys. Notably, the BMI SDS of affected children who lived near the NPP had been increasing after the disaster, whereas those in distant areas had not changed. In contrast, height SDS had not changed throughout the analysis.ConclusionsProlonged elevated BMI SDS was detected only in affected children in Fukushima. This phenomenon may be explained by an indirect effect of the NPP accident.