bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aneurysmal Disease in Children
Authors: Lasjaunias P.L. , Campi A. , Rodesch G. , Alvarez H. , Kanaan I. , Taylor W. 
Published: January 2017

Twenty children (13 males, 7 females), referred to our group with non traumatic intracranial aneurysms between 1978 and January 1997, were included in this study. Their angiograms were reviewed to assess number, location, type of aneurysms and evolution before and after treatment. Their ages ranged from 1 month to 15 years. Seven patients (35%) presented with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Eleven patients (55%) presented with focal neurological deficits or seizures: epileptic seizures occurred in five patients, neurologic deficits or focal symptoms due to mass effect occurred in six. Total number of diagnosed intracranial aneurysms was 24. The most common sites involved were internal carotid (37%) and vertebrobasilar (32%) systems. The aetiology of the aneurysms was infective in four patients and unknown in the remaining 16 patients (80%). Endovascular treatment was successful in seven patients (37%). Three patients (15%) were surgically treated. Seven patients (35%) were conservatively treated. Two patients (10%) had spontaneous thrombosis of the aneurysm. SAH was more frequent in males, and never occurred in children under five years old. Frequent presentations such as focal symptoms or mass effect and less prevalence of aneurysm rupture are probably due to the high prevalence of large or giant aneurysms (25%) in our series. In conclusion, radiological findings and the natural history of symptomatic arterial aneurysms in children are clearly different from those in adults. Probably pathogenetic factors and aetiology are also different. Shear stresses, haemodynamic and hormonal factors do not appear to be dominant to reveal such defects, though their correction favours repair. Since repair is frequent, conservative treatment has a major role in their aneurysm management.
The Anterolateral Transpetrosal Approach to the Clivus and the Pons
Authors: Fournier H.-D. , Pasco-Papon A. , Mercier P. , Menei P. , Hayek G. , Guy G. 
Published: January 2017

Resection of skull base tumors is a real challenge in the field of neurosurgery. Anterior petrosectomy gives one of the best approaches to reach the clivus and the pons while avoiding cerebral retractions which are responsable for postoperative complications. Using a subtemporal extradural or an infratemporal preauricular route, the anterolateral transpetrosal approaches produce a resection of the anterior pyramidal bone around the petrous carotid artery. These approaches offer a direct view of the posterior fossa dura between the two petrosal sinuses, to give access to the petroclival area. However, exposure of the intradural structures in the foramen magnum area is always restricted because of the inferior petrosal sinus. Its peroperative hemostasis is always truly challenging on account of its size and encasement within a wide petrooccipital suture. The goal of the preoperative embolisation of the inferior petrosal sinus, whenever possible, is to allow its peroperative section without haemorrhage for a wider exposure along the lower clivus.
Phosphodiesterase Activities in the Eye of Old and Young Rats in Normoxic, Hypoxic and Hyperoxic Atmospheres
Authors: Spoto G. , Contento A. , Di Nicola M. , Bianchi G. , Di Giulio C. , Lobefalo L. , Forcella S. 
Published: January 2017

Phosphodiesterase activity was tested on homogenized eyes of young and old rats kept in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions, with the aim of correlating any difference in PDE activity with aging and variations in atmospheric oxygen contents. The activities of the two enzymes, cAMP phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) and cGMP phosphodiesterase (cGMP-PDE), were tested. Phosphodiesterases seem to be particularly susceptible to variations in oxygen tension, suggesting an important role of cyclic nucleotides in cellular adaptive processes. Particularly, cAMP-PDE activity increases lightly both in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions in young and old rats. For cGMP-PDE activity of young rats, a similar behaviour to cAMP-PDE activity is observed with a similar increase in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions respect to the control rats. Instead old rats seem to be quite insensible to hypoxia, while they show a fair increase in cGMP-PDE activity in the case of hyperoxia. The second messengers cAMP and cGMP play important roles in mediating the biological effects of a wide variety of first messengers. The intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides depend upon rates of synthesis and degradation, actuated, respectively, by cyclases and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Therefore, PDEs seem to play an important role in a wide variety of physiological processes.
Fat Soluble Vitamins and Immune System: An Overview
Authors: Riccioni G. , D'Orazio N. , Menna V. , De Lorenzo A. 
Published: January 2017

The immune system guards against invasion by foreign microrganisms and molecules. In this way, it protects from fatal illnesses and communicable diseases. Its proper functioning is fundamental for survival. Research has demonstrated that proper nutrition plays a crucial role in the prevention of chronic disease. Protein-energy malnutrition is associated with a significant impairment of cell-mediated immunity, phagocyte function, the complement system, secretory immunoglobulin A antibody concentrations, and cytokine production. Deficiency of single nutrients also results in altered immune responses; this is observed even when the deficiency state is relatively mild. Of the micronutrients, zinc, selenium, iron, copper, vitamins A,C,E and B, and folic acid have important influences on the immune response. It is now apparent that vitamin E and β-carotene have more subtle roles and that deficient dietary intake of these vitamins increases susceptibility to certain cancers and cardiovascular disease. This reflects, in part, the antioxidant properties of the vitamins and their ability to reduce free radical-mediated damage to DNA, proteins and lipid membranes. These findings have considerable practical and public health significance. The aim of this review is to give an up-to date account of the roles of selected fat-soluble vitamins in health and disease.
Tibialis Anterior Tendon Reconstruction Using Augmented Half-Thickness Tendon Segment Transposition
Authors: Reb Christopher W. , Stenson James F. , Daniel Joseph N. 
Published: January 2017

Tibialis anterior tendon rupture causes substantial morbidity. The present study describes the outcomes of augmented, half-thickness tibialis anterior tendon segment transposition, a novel reconstruction technique. This was an institutional review board–approved retrospective review of 3 patients with surgically treated attritional distal rupture with 1-year follow-up. The postdebridement tendon defect prohibited primary repair and was managed by distal transposition of a half-thickness healthy segment. This repair was augmented with human acellular dermal matrix allograft (Graftjacket, Wright Medical Technology, Memphis, TN). The mean age was 68 years (range, 59-73 years). Mean interval between injury and surgery was 59.3 days (range, 15-146 days). All patients regained symmetrical range of motion, motor power, and the ability to heel walk. Mean pain scores improved from 4.6 (range, 2.5-8.5) preoperatively to 0.7 (range, 0-2) postoperatively. Mean Foot and Ankle Ability Measure scores increased from 30.6 (range, 23.8-43.8) preoperatively to 78.7 (range, 72.6-97.6) postoperatively. No postoperative complications occurred. One patient was satisfied and 2 were very satisfied with their outcome. Although limited, the present findings appear to indicate that this technique produces short-term clinical results comparable to those described for other techniques for tibialis anterior tendon reconstruction. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV
Vulnerable carotid plaque imaging and histopathology without a dedicated MRI receiver coil
Authors: Fitzpatrick Laura A , Berkovitz Nadav , dos Santos Marlise P , Majeed Nevin , Glikstein Rafael , Chakraborty Santanu , Veinot John P , Stotts Grant , Berthiaume Alain , Chatelain Robert 
Published: January 2017

Stroke is associated with vulnerable carotid artery plaques showing specific histopathologic features, namely a lipid-rich necrotic core, intraplaque hemorrhage, ulceration, and thin fibrous cap. While ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) can identify carotid plaques and determine the extent of stenosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides further information regarding plaque composition and morphology. In this feasibility study, three patients with symptomatic, moderately stenosed plaques were imaged with CT angiography (CTA) and MRI (3T and 1.5T) without a dedicated receiver coil. The patients subsequently underwent carotid endarterectomy with en-bloc excision of the plaque. The CT and MR images were analyzed independently by three neuroradiologists to identify vulnerable plaque features. The images were correlated with the histopathology to confirm the findings. All three patients had one or more vulnerable plaque features on histopathology. MRI allowed for better characterization of these features when compared to CTA. The pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted (T1W) images were most helpful for identifying the lipid-rich necrotic core and thin fibrous cap, while the time of flight-magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) and contrast-enhanced (CE)-MRA were excellent for detecting plaque hemorrhage and ulceration, respectively. The 3T images showed superior spatial and contrast resolution compared to the 1.5T images for all sequences. By providing direct correlation between imaging and histopathology, this study demonstrates that 3T MRI without a dedicated surface coil is an excellent tool for assessing plaque vulnerability. In smaller hospitals or those with limited resources, it is reasonable to consider conventional MRI for patient risk stratification. Further studies are needed to determine how MRI and plaque vulnerability can be incorporated into routine clinical practice.
Palliative Management of Nonoperative Femoral Neck Fractures With Continuous Peripheral Pain Catheters
Authors: Rashidifard Christopher H. , Romeo Nicholas M. , Muccino Paul , Richardson Mark , DiPasquale Thomas G. 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: To identify the success of pain catheters in the management of pain in nonoperatively treated femoral neck fractures (FNFs) in supplement to current multimodal protocols for end-of-life pain management. Methods: Twenty patients aged older than 50 years with FNFs were selected in a retrospective fashion at a level 1 trauma center. These patients were treated nonoperatively with indwelling continuous peripheral pain catheters to palliate pain. Adjunctive pain control for patients undergoing nonoperative management of FNFs was provided with an indwelling continuous intra-articular/peripheral nerve ropivacaine pain catheters. Pain scores 24 hours before/after continuous pain catheter placement, ambulation status before/after continuous pain catheter placement, mortality at 30 days/1 year, and length of hospital stay were measured. Results: Twenty patients were identified with an average age of 84.55 years. The average length of stay was 4.85 days with a decrease of 4.45 points on the visual analog scale and an improvement of 90% in ambulation status. Thirty-day and one-year mortality were 65% and 95%, respectively. Conclusion: This case series provides orthopedic surgeons with an option for and data on the success of this adjunct to palliate patients who elect to undergo nonoperative management of FNFs. This study also helps define which patients may be candidates for nonoperative management of geriatric hip fractures.
A Measure of Supervisory Power: Scale Development and Validation
Authors: Mir Parvez A. , Bhasin Jaya , Rasool Gowhar 
Published: January 2017

Post economic reforms, organisations in India have undergone consistent experimentation with organizational structuring and strategies. These visible radical changes have also influenced the hidden power equations in the organizational setups. In an attempt to revisit present day power dynamics, this study was conducted to validate the existing power inventory scale with 11 dimensions, in Indian context. Further, 6 items were also added to the existing scale in order to investigate two additional powers vis-a- vis Negative Referent and Negative Expert power which have not been incorporated and measured in the previous scales of organizational power. In order to confirm the scale, employees response (N=385) from IT sector on 13 dimensions of power scale was collected and analysed using SPSS for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and AMOS for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) first and second order. In the first stage of analysis, the 39 items of 13 dimension power scale post analysis were factorized to 20 items and 6 factor structure. The overall tests for reliability and validity (Cronbach’s Alpha, KMO-Bartlett) of the scale indicated positive results .The CFA results (Composite Reliability, Average Variance Extracted and Discriminant Validity) showed acceptable internal consistency reliability for the overall supervisory power scale. Out of the 6 items that were developed for Negative Referent and Negative Expert power, 5 items of the same consolidated into one factor which was labelled as Negative Power. Organizations and Supervisors interested in understanding and taking deeper insights of power and its influence in organizational settings can use this scale to comprehend the dyadic relationship amongst supervisor and subordinate. This study is first hand investigation to understand power dimensions in Indian IT sector. Further, it provides a comprehensive scale for the researchers who want to explore the power dynamics in different organizational settings as a base for future study.
Clasp2 ensures mitotic fidelity and prevents differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Shahbazi Marta N. , Peña-Jimenez Daniel , Antonucci Francesca , Drosten Matthias , Perez-Moreno Mirna 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Epidermal homeostasis is tightly controlled by a balancing act of self-renewal or terminal differentiation of proliferating basal keratinocytes. An increase in DNA content as a consequence of a mitotic block is a recognized mechanism underlying keratinocyte differentiation, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this process are not yet fully understood. Using cultured primary keratinocytes, here we report that the expression of the mammalian microtubule and kinetochore-associated protein Clasp2 is intimately associated with the basal proliferative makeup of keratinocytes, and its deficiency leads to premature differentiation. Clasp2-deficient keratinocytes exhibit increased centrosomal numbers and numerous mitotic alterations, including multipolar spindles and chromosomal misalignments that overall result in mitotic stress and a high DNA content. Such mitotic block prompts premature keratinocyte differentiation in a p53-dependent manner in the absence of cell death. Our findings reveal a new role for Clasp2 in governing keratinocyte undifferentiated features and highlight the presence of surveillance mechanisms that prevent cell cycle entry in cells that have alterations in the DNA content.
Ligand Exchange Reaction of (Me4N)4[Cd10S4(SPh)16] with Diphenyl Diselenide
Authors: Tajima Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Shoko , Sakamoto Yuta , Takagi Shoji , Nakaya Toshitaka , Takaguchi Yutaka , Igashira-Kamiyama Asako , Yoshinari Nobuto , Konno Takumi 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The reaction of (Me4N)4[Cd10S4(SPh)16] (1) with diphenyl diselenide (2) in propionitrile afforded a molecular cluster, (Me4N)4[Cd10S4(SePh)16] (3), the structure of which was determined by X-ray crystallography. Ligand exchange proceeded in a heterogeneous reaction system, and the use of a less polar solvent appeared to be crucial for the synthesis of 3 to prevent degradation of the Cd10S4Se16 cluster core.
Characterization of BRCA1/2 mutations in patients with family history of breast cancer in Armenia
Authors: Atshemyan Sofi , Chavushyan Andranik , Berberian Nerses , Sahakyan Arthur , Zakharyan Roksana , Arakelyan Arsen 
Published: January 2017

Background. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. The germline mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are the most significant and well characterized genetic risk factors for hereditary breast cancer. Intensive research in the last decades has demonstrated that the incidence of mutations varies widely among different populations. In this study we attempted to perform a pilot study for identification and characterization of mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes among Armenian patients with family history of breast cancer and their healthy relatives. Methods. We performed targeted exome sequencing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in 6 patients and their healthy relatives. After alignment of short reads to the reference genome, germline single nucleotide variation and indel discovery was performed using GATK software. Functional implications of identified variants were assessed using ENSEMBL Variant Effect Predictor tool. Results. In total, 39 single nucleotide variations and 4 indels were identified, from which 15 SNPs and 3 indels were novel. No known pathogenic mutations were identified, but 2 SNPs causing missense amino acid mutations had significantly increased frequencies in the study group compared to the 1000 Genome populations. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate the importance of screening of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene variants in the Armenian population in order to identity specifics of mutation spectrum and frequencies and enable accurate risk assessment of hereditary breast cancers.
AR2, a novel automatic artifact reduction software method for ictal EEG interpretation: Validation and comparison of performance with commercially available software
Authors: Weiss Shennan Aibel , Asadi-Pooya Ali A , Vangala Sitaram , Moy Stephanie , Wyeth Dale H , Orosz Iren , Gibbs Michael , Schrader Lara , Lerner Jason , Cheng Christopher K , Chang Edward , Rajaraman Rajsekar , Keselman Inna , Churchman Perdro , Bower-Baca Christine , Numis Adam L , Ho Michael G , Rao Lekha , Bhat Annapoorna , Suski Joanna , Asadollahi Marjan , Ambrose Timothy , Fernandez Andres , Nei Maromi , Skidmore Christopher , Mintzer Scott , Eliashiv Dawn S , Mathern Gary W , Nuwer Marc R , Sperling Michael , Engel Jr Jerome , Stern John M 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To develop a novel software method (AR2) for reducing muscle contamination of ictal scalp electroencephalogram (EEG), and validate this method on the basis of its performance in comparison to a commercially available software method (AR1) to accurately depict seizure-onset location. Methods: A blinded investigation used 23 EEG recordings of seizures from 8 patients. Each recording was uninterpretable with digital filtering because of muscle artifact and processed using AR1 and AR2 and reviewed by 26 EEG specialists. EEG readers assessed seizure-onset time, lateralization, and region, and specified confidence for each determination. The two methods were validated on the basis of the number of readers able to render assignments, confidence, the intra-class correlation (ICC), and agreement with other clinical findings. Results: Among the 23 seizures, two-thirds of the readers were able to delineate seizure-onset time in 10 of 23 using AR1, and 15 of 23 using AR2 (p<0.01). Fewer readers could lateralize seizure-onset (p<0.05). The confidence measures of the assignments were low (probable-unlikely), but increased using AR2 (p<0.05). The ICC for identifying the time of seizure-onset was 0.15 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.11-0.18) using AR1 and 0.26 (95% CI 0.21-0.30) using AR2. The EEG interpretations were often consistent with behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuro-radiological findings, with left sided assignments correct in 95.9% (CI 85.7-98.9%, n=4) of cases using AR2. Conclusions: EEG artifact reduction methods for localizing seizure-onset does not result in high rates of interpretability, reader confidence, and inter-reader agreement. However, the assignments by groups of readers are often congruent with other clinical data. Utilization of the AR2 software method may improve the validity of ictal EEG artifact reduction.
Calculation Model of Photochemical Reactor with a Pulse Xenon Lamp for Water Treatment
Authors: Ивашкин  , Ivashkin A. , Новиков  , Novikov D. , Камруков  , Kamrukov A. , Малков  , Malkov K. 
Published: January 2017

A calculation model of the photochemical reactor based on a pulse xenon lamp and intended for water treatment from
microbiological or chemical pollutants has been developed and realized. The model includes several calculation modules, each
one describes the basic physical processes ongoing in the photochemical reactor: current’s form calculation module, pollutant’s
particles trajectories calculation module, pulse lamp’s radiating characteristics calculation module, module for photometric
calculation, determining an energy radiation dose of pollutant particles. Calculation of lamp’s radiating characteristics is based
on ideas of gas discharge physics and on a number of empirical dependences, for calculation of other parameters has been used
the numerical simulation. Model verification has been carried out by comparison of calculated and experimental efficiencies for
two types of photochemical reactors’ designs with use of the known pollutant. The developed calculation model allows perform
multi-parameter optimization for designs and regime parameters of pulse photochemical reactors for the purpose of increase their
energy efficiency, and level of water treatment from various chemical and biological pollutants.
Pricing in Competitive Search Markets: The Roles of Price Information and Fairness Perceptions
Authors: Anbarci Nejat , Feltovich Nick 
Published: January 2017

We use a competitive search (price-posting) framework to experimentally examine how buyer information and fairness perceptions affect market behavior. We observe that moving from zero to one uninformed buyers leads to higher prices in both 2 (seller)×2 (buyer) and 2 × 3 markets: the former as predicted under standard preferences, the latter the opposite of the theoretical prediction. Perceptions of fair prices—elicited in the experiment—are a powerful driver of behavior. For buyers, fair prices correlate with price responsiveness, which varies systematically across treatments and impacts sellers’ pricing incentives. For sellers, fair prices correlate with underpricing, which also varies systematically across treatments. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2620 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.