bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA NO BRASIL: VOZES DE PROFESSORES DA REDE PÚBLICA E PRIVADA
Authors: Akkari Abdeljalil , Pompeu da Silva Camila 
Published: November 2017

Nas duas últimas décadas vimos surgir no Brasil um debate público sobre a necessidade de melhorar a qualidade do ensino na educação básica, em particular no ensino fundamental. Esse debate gira em torno essencialmente de três dimensões: (1) as medidas legislativas favoráveis à reforma do sistema educacional brasileiro que se traduzem pela adoção da LDB (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases); (2) as estes atores da educação básica nos Estados de Goiás, Minas Gerais e Paraná. Estas entrevistas tinham por objetivo determinar o que provoca a qualidade ou a falta de qualidade do ensino, a partir do ponto de vista dos professores e dos diretores. Procuramos, em particular, analisar as escolhas atuais e potenciais dos professores da rede pública no que se refere à escolarização dos seus alunos. Este último ponto parece-nos extremamente importante porque acreditamos que é necessário um retorno das classes médias à escola pública para esperar uma melhoria do ensino público. desigualdades estruturais ligadas aos financiamentos da educação pública e (3) a falta de compromisso dos poderes públicos em favor de uma educação básica. Sem negar a importância dessas três dimensões, nosso trabalho de pesquisa qualitativa está comprometido em explicitar a voz daqueles que não são mais ouvidos sobre o assunto: os professores e os diretores das escolas públicas e particulares. Realizamos 40 entrevistas não diretivas com estes atores da educação básica nos Estados de Goiás, Minas Gerais e Paraná. Estas entrevistas tinham por objetivo determinar o que provoca a qualidade ou a falta de qualidade do ensino, a partir do ponto de vista dos professores e dos diretores. Procuramos, em particular, analisar as escolhas atuais e potenciais dos professores da rede pública no que se refere à escolarização dos seus alunos. Este último ponto parece-nos extremamente importante porque acreditamos que é necessário um retorno das classes médias à escola pública para esperar uma melhoria do ensino público.
Costurando saúde: Possibilidades de integração por meio da confecção de bonecos(as) de pano em um CAPS infantil
Authors: Pereira Camargo Valéri , Spolaôr Lena Marisangela , Zogbi Jorge Dias Hericka , Rubio Roso Adriane 
Published: November 2017

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar as atividades desenvolvidas em um centro de atenção psicossocial para crianças (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial – CAPS), em uma cidade do interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, durante o verão de 2009. Baseando-se em alguns princípios da arteterapia e em conceitos básicos da teoria psicanalítica winnicottiana, oficinas foram delineadas para promover saúde entre pacientes infantis e para ortalecer uma abordagem multidisciplinar de cuidados em saúde. Nos encontros do grupo, cada participante (paciente, familiar e cuidador da saúde) desenhou e costurou um(a) boneco(a) de pano. Os participantes eram estimulados a falar sobre seus sentimentos durante o processo terapêutico. A confecção dos(as) bonecos(as) não somente propiciou um novo ensaio da experiência transicional, mas, acima de tudo, favoreceu um espaço sem estigmatização, no qual os participantes puderam reconhecer-se como sujeitos criativos e capazes de adquirir competências psicológicas e culturais.
Diagnostic Potential of Neural Exosome Cargo as Biomarkers for Acute Brain Injury
Authors: Goetzl Laura , Merabova Nana , Darbinian Nune , Martirosyan Diana , Poletto Erica , Fugarolas Keri , Menkiti Ogechukwu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveNeuronal exosomes purified from peripheral blood samples have been proposed as diagnostic tool in the setting of acute brain injury but never tested clinically. We hypothesized that exosome protein biomarkers would change over time following acute hypoxic brain injury and would predict response to therapy.MethodsSynaptopodin (SYNPO), an actin‐associated protein present in postsynaptic spines, was evaluated as a potential biomarker as well as: synaptophysin, neuron‐specific enolase, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. A secondary analysis was performed on neonatal samples collected at 8, 10, and 14 h after the initiation of therapeutic‐controlled hypothermia for acute hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (n = 14). Neuronal exosomes were purified from serum and protein levels were quantified using standard ELISA methods. The primary study outcomes were length of stay (LOS), discharge on seizure medication (DCMED), and composite neuroimaging score (NIS).ResultsThe slope of change in neuronal exosome SYNPO between 8 and 14 h appeared to be the most promising biomarker for all three clinical study outcomes. SYNPO was highly correlated with LOS (−0.91, P < 0.001). SYNPO increased in 6/8 without DCMED and was worse or neutral in 5/5 with DCMED (P = 0.02). All four neonates with an abnormal NIS had neutral or decreasing SYNPO (P = 0.055). Other candidate biomarkers were not associated with outcomes.InterpretationThis report provides the first clinical evidence that neural exosomes turn over rapidly enough in the peripheral circulation to be used as a “troponin‐like” test following acute brain injury. Optimal sampling and biomarkers likely vary with type of brain injury.
Brilliant Pitaya‐Type Silica Colloids with Central–Radial and High‐Density Quantum Dots Incorporation for Ultrasensitive Fluorescence Immunoassays
Authors: Huang Liang , Liao Tao , Wang Jing , Ao Lijiao , Su Wu , Hu Jun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCreating secondary nanostructures from fundamental building blocks with simultaneous high loading capacity and well‐controlled size/uniformity, is highly desired for nanoscale synergism and integration of functional units. Here a novel strategy is reported for hydrophobic quantum dots (QDs) assembley with porous templates, to form pitaya‐type fluorescent silica colloids with densely packed and intact QDs throughout the silica matrix. The mercapto‐terminated dendritic silica spheres with highly accessible central–radial pores and metal‐affinity interior surface, are adopted as a powerful absorbent host for direct immobilization of QDs from organic phase with high loading capacity. The alkylsilane mediated silica encapsulation prevents QDs' optical degradation induced by ligand exchange and favors the homogeneous silica shell formation. These multiple QD embedded silica spheres exhibit good compatibility for different colored QDs with well‐preserved fluorescence, high colloidal/optical stability, and versatile surface functionality. It is demonstrated that after integration with a lateral flow strip platform, these silica colloids provide an ultrasensitive, specific, and robust immunoassay for C‐reaction protein in clinical samples as promising fluorescent reporters.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Functionalization of Hydroxyquinolines through an Aza‐Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation with Isatin‐derived Ketimines
Authors: Vila Carlos , Rendón‐Patiño Alejandra , Montesinos‐Magraner Marc , Blay Gonzalo , Muñoz M. Carmen , Pedro José R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA highly enantioselective addition of hydroxyquinolines to isatin‐derived ketimines has been realized using a quinine‐derived thiourea organocatalyst. The reaction affords chiral 3‐amino‐2‐oxindoles bearing a quinoline moiety with a quaternary stereocenter in high yields (up to 98%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99%). Moreover, we can extend this methodology for the enantioselective functionalization of 5‐hydroxyisoquinoline. This methodology represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first enantioselective addition of hydroxyquinolines to imines.magnified image
Mutant huntingtin protein expression and blood–spinal cord barrier dysfunction in huntington disease
Authors: Sciacca Giacomo , Cicchetti Francesca 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess the distribution, frequency, and specific location of mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) aggregates‐the pathological hallmark of Huntington disease (HD)‐within the various compartments of the spinal cord and their potential impact on the local vasculature and blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB).MethodsWe performed a series of postmortem immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent stainings, as well as Western blot analyses, on cervical and lumbar sections of the spinal cord in patients diagnosed with HD (n = 11 of all grades of disease severity) along with sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (n = 9).ResultsWe observed that mHTT was preferably expressed within the anterior horn of the gray matter, in both cervical and lumbar sections. At the cellular level, mHTT aggregates were more often encountered in the extracellular matrix but could also be observed within cell bodies and neurites as well as within the endothelium of blood vessels with an increase in the density of small blood vessels in cervical sections of HD cases. These vasculature changes were accompanied with features of BSCB leakage, as assessed by the presence of increased levels of fibrinogen in the surrounding parenchyma and enhanced leukocyte infiltration.InterpretationThis alteration in BSCB integrity may be explained, in part, by the dysregulation we found in some of the main proteins associated with it such as junctional adhesion molecule‐1 and vascular endothelial cadherin. These observations have important implications for our understanding of HD pathology and may also have significant therapeutic implications. Ann Neurol 2017;82:981–994
Design of a Dividing‐Wall Column Considering its Multiple Steady State Characteristic
Authors: Song Erwei , Wang Erqiang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA dividing‐wall column (DWC) may have more than one solution of liquid and vapor split ratio for the same feed and product streams under a fixed number of stages and reflux ratio, so the multiple steady states (MSS) of a DWC in the design stage should be considered. An improved design method of a DWC is proposed by studying its MSS characteristics. Additional steps are inserted after optimization to check if MSS exist for the obtained optimal solution of vapor and liquid split ratio, and further to select the best candidate. Finally, two cases of three‐product DWCs are described to verify this method. The results indicate that multiple solutions exist for these cases, which confirm the necessity of this method and provide an important guidance for the flowing design of a DWC.
The Structure of an SL2‐module of finite Morley rank
Authors: Tindzogho Ntsiri Jules 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe consider a universe of finite Morley rank and the following definable objects: a field, a non‐trivial action of a groupon a connected abelian groupV, and a torusTofGsuch that. We prove that everyT‐minimal subgroup ofVhas Morley rank. MoreoverVis a direct sum of‐minimal subgroups of the form, whereWisT‐minimal and ζ is an element ofGof order 4 invertingT.
Locally weighted scatter‐plot smoothing for analysing temperature changes and patterns in Australia
Authors: Wanishsakpong Wandee , Notodiputro Khairil Anwar 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe mean maximum monthly temperature data were recorded at 112 stations in Australia. The data (1990–2015) were downloaded from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) website. Missing values were imputed using regression models based on information from the nearest stations, as well as the time periods. The data were deseasonalized to remove seasonal variations and then cluster analysis techniques were used to group the stations into six clusters. For each cluster, locally weighted scatter‐plot smoothing (LOESS) and double exponential smoothing (DES) were used to analyse temperature changes and patterns. The results showed that LOESS produced better fits as well as smoother curves compared with the DES. The trends in temperature were increasing in all clusters, whereas the patterns showed periodicity of the temperatures.
Estimation and validation of patient‐specific high‐resolution lung elasticity derived from 4DCT
Authors: Hasse Katelyn , O'Connell Dylan , Min Yugang , Neylon John , Low Daniel A. , Santhanam Anand 
Published: November 2017

PurposeLung diseases are commonly associated with changes in lung tissue's biomechanical properties. Functional imaging techniques, such as elastography, have shown great promise in measuring tissue's biomechanical properties, which could expand the utility and effectiveness of radiotherapy treatment planning. We present a novel methodology for characterizing a key biomechanical property, parenchymal elasticity, derived solely from 4DCT datasets.MethodsSpecifically, end‐inhalation and end‐exhalation breathing phases of the 4DCT datasets were deformably registered and the resulting displacement maps were considered to be ground‐truth. A mid‐exhalation image was also prepared for verification purposes. A GPU‐based biomechanical model was then generated from the patient end‐exhalation dataset and used as a forward model to iteratively solve for the elasticity distribution. Displacements at the surface of the lungs were applied as boundary constraints for the model‐guided tissue elastography, while the inner voxels were allowed to deform according to the linear elastic forces within the biomechanical model. A convergence criteria of 10% maximum deformation was employed for the iterative process.ResultsThe lung tissue elasticity estimation was documented for a set of 15 4DCT patient datasets. Maximum lung deformations were observed to be between 6 and 31 mm. Our results showed that, on average, 89.91 ± 4.85% convergence was observed. A validation study consisting of mid‐exhalation breathing phases illustrated an accuracy of 87.13 ± 10.62%. Structural similarity, normalized cross‐correlation, and mutual information were used to quantify the degree of similarity between the following image pairs: (a) the model‐generated end‐exhalation and ground‐truth end‐exhalation, and (b) model‐generated mid‐exhalation images and ground‐truth mid‐exhalation.ConclusionsOverall, the results suggest that the lung elasticity can be measured with approximately 90% convergence using routinely acquired clinical 4DCT scans, indicating the potential for a lung elastography implementation within the radiotherapy clinical workflow. The regional lung elasticity found here can lead to improved tissue sparing radiotherapy treatment plans, and more precise monitoring of treatment response.
Data‐driven learning and planning for environmental sampling
Authors: Ma Kai‐Chieh , Liu Lantao , Heidarsson Hordur K. , Sukhatme Gaurav S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRobots such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) have been used for sensing and monitoring aquatic environments such as oceans and lakes. Environmental sampling is a challenging task because the environmental attributes to be observed can vary both spatially and temporally, and the target environment is usually a large and continuous domain whereas the sampling data are typically sparse and limited. The challenges require that the sampling method must be informative and efficient enough to catch up with the environmental dynamics. In this paper, we present a planning and learning method that enables a sampling robot to perform persistent monitoring tasks by learning and refining a dynamic “data map” that models a spatiotemporal environment attribute such as ocean salinity content. Our environmental sampling framework consists of two components: To maximize the information collected, we propose an informative planning component that efficiently generates sampling waypoints that contain the maximal information; to alleviate the computational bottleneck caused by large‐scale data accumulated, we develop a component based on a sparse Gaussian process whose hyperparameters are learned online by taking advantage of only a subset of data that provides the greatest contribution. We validate our method with both simulations running on real ocean data and field trials with an ASV in a lake environment. Our experiments show that the proposed framework is both accurate in learning the environmental data map and efficient in catching up with the dynamic environmental changes.
Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots with Renal Clearance Property for Efficient Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Guo Tao , Wu Ying , Lin Yan , Xu Xin , Lian Hao , Huang Guoming , Liu Ji‐Zan , Wu Xiaoping , Yang Huang‐Hao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) nanomaterials have emerged as rapidly rising stars in the field of nanomedicine. In this work, BP quantum dots (BPQDs) are synthesized and their potential as photosensitizers is investigated for the first time. The BPQDs present good stability in physiological medium and no appreciable cytotoxicity. More importantly, the BPQDs can be rapidly eliminated from the body in their intact form via renal clearance due to their ultrasmall hydrodynamic diameter (5.4 nm). Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that the BPQDs have excellent photodynamic effect under light irradiation that can effectively generate reactive oxygen species to kill cancer cells. The BPQDs thus can serve as biocompatible and powerful photosensitizers for efficient photodynamic therapy.
Magnetically Responsive Elastomer–Silicon Hybrid Surfaces for Fluid and Light Manipulation
Authors: Yang Zining , Park Jun Kyu , Kim Seok 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStimuli‐responsive surfaces with tunable fluidic and optical properties utilizing switchable surface topography are of significant interest for both scientific and engineering research. This work presents a surface involving silicon scales on a magnetically responsive elastomer micropillar array, which enables fluid and light manipulation. To integrate microfabricated silicon scales with ferromagnetic elastomer micropillars, transfer printing‐based deterministic assembly is adopted. The functional properties of the surface are completely dictated by the scales with optimized lithographic patterns while the micropillar array is magnetically actuated with large‐range, instantaneous, and reversible deformation. Multiple functions, such as tunable wetting, droplet manipulation, tunable optical transmission, and structural coloration, are designed, characterized, and analyzed by incorporating a wide range of scales (e.g., bare silicon, black silicon, photonic crystal scales) in both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane configurations.
Recent progress on fabrication and drug delivery applications of nanostructured hydroxyapatite
Authors: Mondal Sudip , Dorozhkin Sergy V. , Pal Umapada 
Published: November 2017

Through this brief review, we provide a comprehensive historical background of the development of nanostructured hydroxyapatite (nHAp), and its application potentials for controlled drug delivery, drug conjugation, and other biomedical treatments. Aspects associated with efficient utilization of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanostructures such as their synthesis, interaction with drug molecules, and other concerns, which need to be resolved before they could be used as a potential drug carrier in body system, are discussed. This review focuses on the evolution of perceptions, practices, and accomplishments in providing improved delivery systems for drugs until date. The pioneering developments that have presaged today's fascinating state of the art drug delivery systems based on HAp and HAp‐based composite nanostructures are also discussed. Special emphasis has been given to describe the application and effectiveness of modified HAp as drug carrier agent for different diseases such as bone‐related disorders, carriers for antibiotics, anti‐inflammatory, carcinogenic drugs, medical imaging, and protein delivery agents. As only a very few published works made comprehensive evaluation of HAp nanostructures for drug delivery applications, we try to cover the three major areas: concepts, practices and achievements, and applications, which have been consolidated and patented for their practical usage. The review covers a broad spectrum of nHAp and HAp modified inorganic drug carriers, emphasizing some of their specific aspects those needed to be considered for future drug delivery applications.This article is categorized under:

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Respiratory Disease
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale
The Price of Uncertainty in Present-Biased Planning
Authors: Albers Susanne , Kraft Dennis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe tendency to overestimate immediate utility is a common cognitive bias. As a result people behave inconsistently over time and fail to reach long-term goals. Behavioral economics tries to help affected individuals by implementing external incentives. However, designing robust incentives is often difficult due to imperfect knowledge of the parameter $$\beta \in (0,1]$$

β
∈
(
0
,
1
]

quantifying a person’s present bias. Using the graphical model of Kleinberg and Oren [8], we approach this problem from an algorithmic perspective. Based on the assumption that the only information about $$\beta $$
β
is its membership in some set $$B \subset (0,1]$$

B
⊂
(
0
,
1
]

, we distinguish between two models of uncertainty: one in which $$\beta $$
β
is fixed and one in which it varies over time. As our main result we show that the conceptual loss of efficiency incurred by incentives in the form of penalty fees is at most 2 in the former and $$1 + \max B/\min B$$

1
+
max
B
/
min
B

in the latter model. We also give asymptotically matching lower bounds and approximation algorithms.
The Ethics of Affective Leadership: Organizing Good Encounters Without Leaders
Authors: Munro Iain , Thanem Torkild 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT:This article addresses the fundamental question of what is ethical leadership by rearticulating relations between leaders and followers in terms of “affective leadership.” The article develops a Spinozian conception of ethics which is underpinned by a deep suspicion of ethical systems that hold obedience as a primary virtue. We argue that the existing research into ethical leadership tends to underplay the ethical capacities of followers by presuming that they are in need of direction or care by morally superior leaders. In contrast, affective leadership advocates a profoundly political version of ethics, which involves people in the pursuit of joyful encounters that augment our capacity to affect and be affected by others. Instead of being led by people in leadership positions, we are led by active affections that enhance our capacity for moral action.