bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in species‐level plant functional traits over wetland indicator status categories
Authors: McCoy‐Sulentic Miles E. , Kolb Thomas E. , Merritt David M. , Palmquist Emily C. , Ralston Barbara E. , Sarr Daniel A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWetland indicator status (WIS) describes the habitat affinity of plant species and is used in wetland delineations and resource inventories. Understanding how species‐level functional traits vary across WIS categories may improve designations, elucidate mechanisms of adaptation, and explain habitat optima and niche. We investigated differences in species‐level traits of riparian flora across WIS categories, extending their application to indicate hydrologic habitat. We measured or compiled data on specific leaf area (SLA), stem specific gravity (SSG), seed mass, and mature height of 110 plant species that occur along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona. Additionally, we measured leaf δ13C, δ15N, % carbon, % nitrogen, and C/N ratio of 56 species with C3 photosynthesis. We asked the following: (i) How do species‐level traits vary over WIS categories? (ii) Does the pattern differ between herbaceous and woody species? (iii) How well do multivariate traits define WIS categories? (iv) Which traits are correlated? The largest trait differences among WIS categories for herbaceous species occurred for SSG, seed mass, % leaf carbon and height, and for woody species occurred for height, SSG, and δ13C. SSG increased and height decreased with habitat aridity for both woody and herbaceous species. The δ13C and hence water use efficiency of woody species increased with habitat aridity. Water use efficiency of herbaceous species increased with habitat aridity via greater occurrence of C4 grasses. Multivariate trait assemblages differed among WIS categories. Over all species, SLA was correlated with height, δ13C, % leaf N, and C/N; height was correlated with SSG and % leaf C; SSG was correlated with % leaf C. Adaptations of both herbaceous and woody riparian species to wet, frequently inundated habitats include low‐density stem tissue. Adaptations to drier habitats in the riparian zone include short, high‐density cavitation‐resistant stem tissue, and high water use efficiency. The results enhance understanding about using traits to describe plant habitat in riparian systems.
Is bigger really better? Relative and absolute body size influence individual growth rate under competition
Authors: Van Buskirk Josh , Cereghetti Eva , Hess Julia S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractModels suggest that the mechanism of competition can influence the growth advantage associated with being large (in absolute body size or relative to other individuals in the population). Large size is advantageous under interference, but disadvantageous under exploitative competition. We addressed this prediction in a laboratory experiment on Rana temporaria tadpoles competing for limited food. There were 166 target individuals spanning a 10‐fold range in body mass reared for 3 days with three other individuals that were either the same size, half as large, or twice as large as the target. Relative growth rate (proportion per day) declined with size, and absolute growth rate (mass per day) reached a peak at intermediate size and declined thereafter. Tadpoles grew slowly if they were large relative to their competitors, although relative body size was less important than absolute size. As a result, size variation declined in groups that were initially composed of individuals of variable size. Thus, bigger was not better under exploitative competition. Our results help connect individual‐level behavior with individual growth and the size distribution of the population.
Arousal Retention Effect of Magnetic Stimulation to Car Drivers Preventing Drowsy Driving without Sleep Rebound
Authors: MOHRI YOSHIYUKI , KAWAGUCHI MASATO , KOJIMA SHIGEYA , YAMADA MUNEO , NAKANO TOMOAKI , MOHRI KANEO 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYWe report experimental validation of the existence of so‐called the sleeping rebound phenomenon against each sensory stimulus using a driving simulator and the electroencephalograph for about 105 subjects with evaluation of an arousal index (α + β)/(δ + θ) in the electroencephalogram measurements after each driving operation. We found that methods using the perfume presentation, the alert presentation, the vibration, and chewing gum were resulted in the sleeping rebound phenomenon, while a proposed magnetic stimulation showed an arousal retention effect without the sleeping rebound. Mechanisms of the arousal effect of the magnetic stimulation were discussed with measurements of electric conductivity versus water temperature characteristics of pure water.
Regulation of salt marsh mosquito populations by the 18.6‐yr lunar‐nodal cycle
Authors: Rochlin Ilia , Morris James T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe 18.6‐yr lunar‐nodal cycle drives changes in tidal amplitude globally, affecting coastal habitat formation, species and communities inhabiting rocky shores, and salt marsh vegetation. However, the cycle's influence on salt marsh fauna lacked sufficient long‐term data for testing its effect. We circumvented this problem by using salt marsh mosquito records obtained over a period of over four decades in two estuaries in the northeastern USA. Salt marsh mosquito habitat is near the highest tide level where the impact of the nodal cycle on flood frequency is greatest. Wavelet spectral and cross‐correlation analyses revealed periodicity in salt marsh mosquito abundance that was negatively correlated with tidal amplitude. Tidal amplitude was a significant predictor of salt marsh mosquito abundance with the cycle maxima coinciding with lower mosquito populations, possibly due to access by predatory fish. However, these effects were detected only at the location with extensive salt marsh habitat and astronomical tides and were weakened or lacked significance at the location with small microtidal salt marshes and wind‐driven tides. Mosquitoes can serve as proxy indicators for numerous invertebrate species on the salt marsh. These predictable cycles and their effects need to be taken into consideration when investigating, restoring, or managing intertidal communities that are also facing sea‐level rise.
Ammonia oxidizer populations vary with nitrogen cycling across a tropical montane mean annual temperature gradient
Authors: Pierre S. , Hewson I. , Sparks J. P. , Litton C. M. , Giardina C. , Groffman P. M. , Fahey T. J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFunctional gene approaches have been used to better understand the roles of microbes in driving forest soil nitrogen (N) cycling rates and bioavailability. Ammonia oxidation is a rate limiting step in nitrification, and is a key area for understanding environmental constraints on N availability in forests. We studied how increasing temperature affects the role of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in soil N cycling and availability by using a highly constrained natural mean annual temperature (MAT) elevation gradient in a tropical montane wet forest. We found that net nitrate (NO3−) bioavailability is positively related to MAT (r2 = 0.79, P = 0.0033), and AOA DNA abundance is positively related to both NO3− availability (r2 = 0.34, P = 0.0071) and MAT (r2 = 0.34, P < 0.001). In contrast, AOB DNA was only detected in some soils across the gradient. We identified three distinct phylotypes within the AOA which differed from one another in abundance and relative gene expression. In addition, one AOA phylotype increased in abundance with MAT, while others did not. We conclude that MAT is the primary driver of ecosystem N availability across this gradient, and AOA population size and structure appear to mediate the relationship between the nitrification and N bioavailability. These findings hold important implications for nutrient limitation in forests and feedbacks to primary production under changing climate.
Pain thresholds, supra‐threshold pain and lidocaine sensitivity in patients with erythromelalgia, including the I848Tmutation in NaV 1.7
Authors: Helås T. , Sagafos D. , Kleggetveit I.P. , Quiding H. , Jönsson B. , Segerdahl M. , Zhang Z. , Salter H. , Schmelz M. , Jørum E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesNociceptive thresholds and supra‐threshold pain ratings as well as their reduction upon local injection with lidocaine were compared between healthy subjects and patients with erythromelalgia (EM).MethodsLidocaine (0.25, 0.50, 1.0 or 10 mg/mL) or placebo (saline) was injected intradermally in non‐painful areas of the lower arm, in a randomized, double‐blind manner, to test the effect on dynamic and static mechanical sensitivity, mechanical pain sensitivity, thermal thresholds and supra‐threshold heat pain sensitivity.ResultsHeat pain thresholds and pain ratings to supra‐threshold heat stimulation did not differ between EM‐patients (n = 27) and controls (n = 25), neither did the dose–response curves for lidocaine. Only the subgroup of EM‐patients with mutations in sodium channel subunits NaV1.7, 1.8 or 1.9 (n = 8) had increased lidocaine sensitivity for supra‐threshold heat stimuli, contrasting lower sensitivity to strong mechanical stimuli. This pattern was particularly clear in the two patients carrying the NaV 1.7 I848T mutations in whom lidocaine's hyperalgesic effect on mechanical pain sensitivity contrasted more effective heat analgesia.ConclusionHeat pain thresholds are not sensitized in EM patients, even in those with gain‐of‐function mutations in NaV1.7. Differential lidocaine sensitivity was overt only for noxious stimuli in the supra‐threshold range suggesting that sensitized supra‐threshold encoding is important for the clinical pain phenotype in EM in addition to lower activation threshold. Intracutaneous lidocaine dose‐dependently blocked nociceptive sensations, but we did not identify EM patients with particular high lidocaine sensitivity that could have provided valuable therapeutic guidance.SignificanceAcute pain thresholds and supra‐threshold heat pain in controls and patients with erythromelalgia do not differ and have the same lidocaine sensitivity. Acute heat pain thresholds even in EM patients with the NaV 1.7 I848T mutation are normal and only nociceptor sensitivity to intradermal lidocaine is changed. Only in EM patients with mutations in NaV 1.7, 1.8 or 1.9 supra‐threshold heat and mechanical pain shows differential lidocaine sensitivity as compared to controls.
Adult attachment insecurity is positively associated with medically unexplained chronic pain
Authors: McWilliams L.A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAttachment insecurity (i.e. anxiety in relationships and/or discomfort in close relationships) is associated with self‐reports of physical symptoms, medically unexplained symptoms and health conditions involving pain. Medically unexplained chronic pain (MUCP) may represent a particularly severe form of symptom reporting that is also characteristic of individuals with insecure attachment. This study investigated relationships between adult attachment style ratings and past‐year MUCP in a sample of the general U.S. population and the ability of attachment style ratings to account for variance in past‐year MUCP beyond that accounted for by potential confounders.MethodData from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (N = 5645) were used. Attachment was assessed with an interview‐administered version of a commonly used self‐report measure of secure, anxious and avoidant attachment. MUCP was assessed with a brief interview. Depressive and anxiety disorders were included as covariates and were assessed with a fully structured interview based on DSM‐IV criteria.ResultsThe past‐year prevalence of MUCP was 2.45% (95% CI = 2.07–2.83). The two insecure attachment styles (i.e. anxious and avoidant) were positively associated with MUCP. These associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for demographic variables and depressive and anxiety disorders. When the two insecure attachment styles were considered together, only avoidant attachment remained significantly associated with MUCP.ConclusionAttachment insecurity ratings were positively associated with past‐year MUCP and remained so after statistically adjusting for depressive and anxiety disorders. Further research aimed at understanding the mechanism(s) responsible for the association between attachment insecurity and MUCP is warranted.SignificanceConsistent with earlier research regarding transient physical symptoms, medically unexplained chronic pain was associated with attachment insecurity. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for this association could guide treatment innovations.
Variable rate and power M‐QAM for DPS/DPB CoMP with adaptive modulation
Authors: Song Hengguo , Cui Qimei , Zuo Huiling , Zhang Xuefei , Wang Hui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDynamic point selection/dynamic point blanking (DPS/DPB)–based coordinated multipoint (CoMP) has attracted lots of interest because of the significant performance improvement with a particular low complexity. In this paper, we first investigate the average spectral efficiency (ASE) of M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M‐QAM) satisfying instantaneous bit error rate constraint for DPS/DPB CoMP system with 3 different adaptive modulation strategies. Closed‐form expressions of the ASE for continuous‐rate M‐QAM are obtained in which calculus of variations is used to obtain the optimal power allocation policy. We also analyze the ASE for discrete‐rate M‐QAM which is more useful for the practical DPS/DPB CoMP wireless communication systems. Average bit error rate for DPS/DPB CoMP discrete‐rate M‐QAM is also investigated in this paper. Monte Carlo simulations are used to verify the correctness of our analysis. The results reveal that in M‐QAM DPS/DPB CoMP systems, when the channel condition is unfavorable, the transmit power is the crucial parameter to enhance the ASE, otherwise the transmit rate is the key parameter. We can also notice that by using adaptive modulation, DPS/DPB CoMP has an obvious channel capacity improvement compared to the case without coordination among different transmission points.
Modeling aesthetics to support an ecosystem services approach for natural resource management decision making
Authors: Booth Pieter N , Law Sheryl A , Ma Jane , Buonagurio John , Boyd James , Turnley Jessica 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

This paper reviews literature on aesthetics and describes the development of vista and landscape aesthetics models. Spatially explicit variables were chosen to represent physical characteristics of natural landscapes that are important to aesthetic preferences. A vista aesthetics model evaluates the aesthetics of natural landscapes viewed from distances of more than 1000 m, and a landscape aesthetics model evaluates the aesthetic value of wetlands and forests within 1000 m from the viewer. Each of the model variables is quantified using spatially explicit metrics on a pixel-specific basis within EcoAIM™, a geographic information system (GIS)–based ecosystem services (ES) decision analysis support tool. Pixel values are “binned” into ranked categories, and weights are assigned to select variables to represent stakeholder preferences. The final aesthetic score is the weighted sum of all variables and is assigned ranked values from 1 to 10. Ranked aesthetic values are displayed on maps by patch type and integrated within EcoAIM. The response of the aesthetic scoring in the models was tested by comparing current conditions in a discrete area of the facility with a Development scenario in the same area. The Development scenario consisted of two 6-story buildings and a trail replacing natural areas. The results of the vista aesthetic model indicate that the viewshed area variable had the greatest effect on the aesthetics overall score. Results from the landscape aesthetics model indicate a 10% increase in overall aesthetics value, attributed to the increase in landscape diversity. The models are sensitive to the weights assigned to certain variables by the user, and these weights should be set to reflect regional landscape characteristics as well as stakeholder preferences. This demonstration project shows that natural landscape aesthetics can be evaluated as part of a nonmonetary assessment of ES, and a scenario-building exercise provides end users with a tradeoff analysis in support of natural resource management decisions. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:926–938. © 2017 SETAC.

Key Points
This paper presents a novel approach to assessing tradeoffs in aesthetic landscape services. The flexibility of the models, such as preference weightings and the ability to create various scenarios, is especially important for settings in which there are numerous ecosystem service beneficiaries, various end users of the tool, and multiple natural resource management objectives.
A biomolecular recognition approach for the functionalization of cellulose with gold nanoparticles
Authors: Almeida A. , Rosa A.M.M. , Azevedo A.M. , Prazeres D.M.F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMaterials with new and improved functionalities can be obtained by modifying cellulose with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via the in situ reduction of a gold precursor or the deposition or covalent immobilization of pre‐synthesized AuNPs. Here, we present an alternative biomolecular recognition approach to functionalize cellulose with biotin‐AuNPs that relies on a complex of 2 recognition elements: a ZZ‐CBM3 fusion that combines a carbohydrate‐binding module (CBM) with the ZZ fragment of the staphylococcal protein A and an anti‐biotin antibody. Paper and cellulose microparticles with AuNPs immobilized via the ZZ‐CBM3:anti‐biotin IgG supramolecular complex displayed an intense red color, whereas essentially no color was detected when AuNPs were deposited over the unmodified materials. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a homogeneous distribution of AuNPs when immobilized via ZZ‐CBM3:anti‐biotin IgG complexes and aggregation of AuNPs when deposited over paper, suggesting that color differences are due to interparticle plasmon coupling effects. The approach could be used to functionalize paper substrates and cellulose nanocrystals with AuNPs. More important, however, is the fact that the occurrence of a biomolecular recognition event between the CBM‐immobilized antibody and its specific, AuNP‐conjugated antigen is signaled by red color. This opens up the way for the development of simple and straightforward paper/cellulose‐based tests where detection of a target analyte can be made by direct use of color signaling.
Some pictures of the history of automotive instrumentation
Authors: Knoll Peter M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe first in vehicle instrument was the speedometer. It was invented by Otto Schulze in 1902. Until then, drivers had to estimate their speed. The speedometer was followed by an alcohol temperature gauge. A few warning lamps surveyed the most important vehicle functions. Later, single gauges like radiator temperature, fuel gauge, and revolution counter were added to the instrumentation. They were superseded by instrument clusters combining several instruments in one housing. Even though the appearance of the instrument cluster did not change significantly from the early days, there was a steady development of the intelligence behind the panel. This huge amount of information could only be handled by graphic displays. When navigation systems came into our cars, a larger graphic display was needed. It found place in the center console. In parallel, the price decline in the computer market and the availability of high‐performing graphic hardware and software made it possible to enhance the classical functions of the instrument board to an interactive multifunctional information panel, with the dashboard being the main interface between car and driver. The windshield was the third zone where information could be placed in a favorable reading position minimizing eyes off the road time. As a consequent evolution step, augmented reality head‐up displays will soon dominate the information center of premium‐class vehicles.
Prospective series of reconstruction of complex composite mandibulectomy defects with double island free fibula flap
Authors: Chang Edward I. , Yu Peirong 
Published: April 2017

Background: A double island free fibula (DIFF) flap can be used for reconstruction of through‐and‐through or complex mandibulectomy defects, but prospective studies are lacking.Methods: Prospective analysis of all double skin paddle fibula flaps performed from 2010 to 2016.Results: Overall, 16 patients underwent reconstruction with a DIFF flap (average age: 59.1 years). One patient, who underwent a DIFF flap and developed osteoradionecrosis, requiring a second flap. Thirteen patients were males, and 7 had a history of smoking, 13 had prior radiation, and 14 had prior chemotherapy. The most common primary pathology was squamous cell carcinoma (n = 13). Reconstruction using the DIFF was predominantly for mandible reconstruction with one patient undergoing reconstruction following a orbitomaxillectomy. Complications included infection (n = 2), hematoma (n = 1), and donor site complications were limited. Two patients developed venous congestion requiring re‐exploration, and both flaps were successfully salvaged. One patient lost the external skin paddle requiring a pectoralis muscle flap, and there were no total flap losses.Conclusions: The DIFF flap is a reliable option that can reconstruct complex composite defects often obviating the need for a second free flap, thereby decreasing operating time, added donor site morbidity, and the need for additional recipient vessels.
Does surgery or radiation provide the best overall survival in Ewing's sarcoma? A review of the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Miller Benjamin J. , Gao Yubo , Duchman Kyle R. 
Published: April 2017

Background and ObjectivesThere is continuing debate regarding the ideal modality for local control of the primary tumor for patients with Ewing's sarcoma. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the method of local control on overall survival in patients with Ewing's sarcoma.MethodsThe National Cancer Data Base was used to identify patients <40 years of age with high‐grade Ewing's sarcoma of bone. A Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was performed at 2, 5, and 10 years. Factors with a level of significance of P < 0.1 at the 5‐year time point were included in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsDiminished 5‐year survival was noted for patients with metastatic disease, local control with radiation alone, age ≥18 years, tumor size >8 cm, and male sex while controlling for tumor site. Surgery alone was consistently the method of local control that resulted in the highest overall survival.ConclusionsSurgery alone resulted in the best overall survival for patients with Ewing's sarcoma of bone. The results of this investigation provide support to the approach of surgical resection with negative margins when possible.