bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young children perceive less humanness in outgroup faces
Authors: McLoughlin Niamh , Tipper Steven P. , Over Harriet 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe investigated when young children first dehumanize outgroups. Across two studies, 5‐ and 6‐year‐olds were asked to rate how human they thought a set of ambiguous doll‐human face morphs were. We manipulated whether these faces belonged to their gender in‐ or gender outgroup (Study 1) and to a geographically based in‐ or outgroup (Study 2). In both studies, the tendency to perceive outgroup faces as less human relative to ingroup faces increased with age. Explicit ingroup preference, in contrast, was present even in the youngest children and remained stable across age. These results demonstrate that children dehumanize outgroup members from relatively early in development and suggest that the tendency to do so may be partially distinguishable from intergroup preference. This research has important implications for our understanding of children's perception of humanness and the origins of intergroup bias.
Development of an acceptable and feasible self‐management group for children, young people and families living with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Cai R. A. , Holt R. I. G. , Casdagli L. , Viner R. M. , Thompson R. , Barnard K. , Christie D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimsThis study developed an acceptable and feasible self‐management intervention that addresses the self‐identified needs of children and young people with Type 1 diabetes and their parents.MethodsPhase 1 reviewed previous interventions and interviewed the clinical team, young people and families. Phase 2 ran three age‐matched focus groups with 11 families of children aged 8–16 years. Feedback was used to modify the workshop. Phase 3 evaluated feasibility of delivery, as well as the effects on metabolic control, quality of life and fear of hypoglycaemia, measured at baseline and 1–3 months post intervention.ResultsEighty‐nine families were invited to take part. Twenty‐two (25%) participated in seven pilot groups (median age of young people 10 years, 36% girls). The intervention comprised a developmentally appropriate workshop for young people and parents addressing: (1) blood glucose control, (2) the potential impact of long‐term high HbA1c, (3) the effects of ‘hypos’ and ‘hypers’, (4) self‐management techniques and (5) talking confidently to people about diabetes. Participants were enthusiastic and positive about the workshop and would recommend it to others. Young people liked sharing ideas and meeting others with diabetes, while parents enjoyed listening to their children talk about their diabetes knowledge.ConclusionsFamilies living with Type 1 diabetes participated in developing a self‐management group intervention. Although we demonstrated acceptability and feasibility, the pilot study results do not support the development of a randomized control trial to evaluate the effectiveness in improving HbA1c.
RAGE polymorphisms and oxidative stress levels in Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Giannakou Maria , Saltiki Katerina , Mantzou Emily , Loukari Eleni , Philippou Georgios , Terzidis Konstantinos , Lili Kiriaki , Stavrianos Charalampos , Kyprianou Miltiades , Alevizaki Maria 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundPolymorphisms of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) gene have been studied in various autoimmune disorders, but not in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Also, increased oxidative stress has been described in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of two common RAGE polymorphisms (−429T>C, −374T>A) in Hashimoto's thyroiditis; in parallel, we studied oxidative stress levels.Materials and methodsA total of 300 consecutive euthyroid women were examined and classified into three groups: Hashimoto's thyroiditis with treatment (n = 96), Hashimoto's thyroiditis without treatment (n = 109) and controls (n = 95). For a rough evaluation of oxidative stress, total lipid peroxide levels in serum were measured. The −429T>C AluI and −374T>A MfeI polymorphisms of RAGE were studied in genomic DNA.ResultsSignificant association of the RAGE system with Hashimoto's thyroiditis was found only with regard to the prevalence of the −429T>C, but not with −374T>A polymorphism. The levels of oxidative stress were significantly elevated in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients under treatment. Further analysis demonstrated that an oxidative stress cut‐off value of 590 μmol/L is associated with an increased risk of progression of Hashimoto's thyroiditis from euthyroidism to hypothyroidism; this risk is further increased in carriers of the RAGE −429T>C polymorphism.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that both examined risk factors may be implicated in the occurrence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, but this covers only a fraction of the pathophysiology of the disease.
Institutional quality and new firm survival
Authors: Che Yi , Lu Yi , Tao Zhigang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe existing literature on firm survival focuses almost exclusively on firm‐ and industry‐level determinants. What is generally overlooked, albeit extremely important for firm survival in developing countries, is the impact of institutional quality. Using data from manufacturing firms in China for the 1998–2005 period, we find that institutional quality has a significant and positive impact on the survival of private enterprises. Specifically, a one‐standard‐deviation increase in the security of property rights protection leads to an 8.8 percent decrease in the hazard rate of private enterprises. Our results are robust to the inclusion of control variables and to various checks.
HELOs and student centred learning – where's the link?
Authors: Sweetman Rachel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLearning outcomes are presented as a tool that can enhance teaching and learning in higher education, in particular by fostering student‐centred learning. However, the ways in which this change can and should take place and the specific kinds of enhancement involved are often unclear. This article analyses common claims about the advantages of learning outcomes for teaching and learning and their relationship to student‐centred learning. The potential links between these concepts are investigated, based on interviews with teachers and students from a range of degree programmes at Norwegian and English universities. The interviews with 29 teachers and students suggest that learning outcome approaches are influencing course planning and some aspects of teaching practice, supporting more transparency and clear communication with students and offering a way to address particularly weak or traditional teaching. However, there is limited evidence that learning outcome approaches promote student‐centred learning, and the analysis identifies several tensions between the challenges student‐centred learning ideals pose to traditional teaching practices, in terms of transferring power and choice to students, and perceived pressures to specify and assess learning outcomes. It also suggests that teachers’ and students’ beliefs about the conditions and practices that lead to the most satisfying and successful elements of learning in degree courses are unlikely to be addressed through either learning‐outcome or student‐centred reforms.
What is it to Depsychologize Psychology?
Authors: Bäckström Stina 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this essay, I distinguish two ways of depsychologizing psychology: ‘anti‐psychologism’ and ‘non‐psychologism’. Both positions are responses to the Fregean sharp distinction between the logical and the psychological. But where anti‐psychologism, which I find in John McDowell, attempts to overcome the sharp distinction by arguing that psychological states and their expressions are apt to be articulated into judgments, Stanley Cavell's non‐psychologism, a powerful and neglected alternative, wants to overcome the sharp distinction by abandoning judgment as the paradigm expression of thought and communication.
Action and Variation in Perception
Authors: Laasik Kristjan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn her paper, ‘Action and Self‐location in Perception’, Susanna Schellenberg argues that perceptual experience of an object's intrinsic spatial properties, such as its size and shape, requires a capacity to act. More specifically, Schellenberg argues that, to have a perceptual experience of an object's intrinsic spatial properties, a subject needs to have a certain practical conception of space, or a spatial know‐how. That, in turn, requires self‐locating representations, which locate the subject, relative to the perceptual object, as a perceiver and an agent, viz., someone who has a capacity for actions. She also makes two objections, viz., the unification objection and the sentient statue objection, to Alva Noë's sensorimotor view, a different account of how perceptual experience depends on actions. I will argue that her objections jointly render problematic not only Noë's but also her own view.
Distal hyperintense vessel sign is associated with neurological deterioration in acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Nam K.‐W. , Kwon H.‐M. , Park S.‐W. , Lim J.‐S. , Han M.‐K. , Lee Y.‐S. 
Published: February 2017

Background and purposeThe aim was to evaluate the relationship between distal hyperintense vessel sign (HVS) and early neurological deterioration (END) in acute ischaemic stroke with large vessel steno‐occlusion.MethodsAcute ischaemic stroke patients with symptomatic severe steno‐occlusion in the middle cerebral artery or internal carotid artery were recruited within 24 h from symptom onset. Stroke outcomes were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at the time of admission and at 72 h and 7 days. END was defined as an increment of ≥1 in the motor NIHSS score or ≥2 in the total NIHSS score. Distal HVS was defined as hyperintensity on fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery image, located distal to the Sylvian fissure. The extent of distal HVS was divided into absent, subtle and prominent.ResultsAmongst a total of 325 participants, END was found in 103 (32%) patients. END was associated with age, atrial fibrillation, initial NIHSS score, initial infarct volume, severe leukoaraiosis, hemorrhagic infarction and distal HVS. In multivariate analysis, distal HVS remained an independent predictor of END [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65–4.97, P < 0.001]. Initial infarct volume (aOR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.01–1.02, P < 0.001) and severe leukoaraiosis (aOR = 3.16, 95% CI 1.77–5.65, P < 0.001) were also associated with END, independently of distal HVS. In the analysis of the burden of distal HVS and stroke outcomes, prominent distal HVS was associated with stroke severity and infarct volume in a dose−response manner.ConclusionsDistal HVS is associated with END in acute ischaemic stroke patients with large vessel steno‐occlusion.
Pyridostigmine bromide versus fludrocortisone in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schreglmann S. R. , Büchele F. , Sommerauer M. , Epprecht L. , Kägi G. , Hägele‐Link S. , Götze O. , Zimmerli L. , Waldvogel D. , Baumann C. R. 
Published: February 2017

Background and purposeEvidence for effective treatment options for orthostatic hypotension (OH) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is scarce. Elevation of cholinergic tone with pyridostigmine bromide has been reported as a way to improve blood pressure (bp) regulation in neurogenic hypotension without causing supine hypertension.MethodsThis was a double‐centre, double‐blind, randomized, active‐control, crossover, phase II non‐inferiority trial of pyridostigmine bromide for OH in PD (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01993680). Patients with confirmed OH were randomized to 14 days 3 × 60 mg/day pyridostigmine bromide or 1 × 0.2 mg/day fludrocortisone before crossover. Outcome was measured by peripheral and central bp monitoring during the Schellong manoeuvre and questionnaires.ResultsThirteen participants were enrolled between April 2013 and April 2015 with nine participants completing each trial arm. Repeated measures comparison showed a significant 37% improvement with fludrocortisone for the primary outcome diastolic bp drop on orthostatic challenge (baseline 22.9 ± 13.6 vs. pyridostigmine bromide 22.1 ± 17.0 vs. fludrocortisone 14.0 ± 12.6 mmHg; P = 0.04), whilst pyridostigmine bromide had no effect. Fludrocortisone caused an 11% peripheral systolic supine bp rise (baseline 128.4 ± 12.8 vs. pyridostigmine bromide 130.4 ± 18.3 vs. fludrocortisone 143.2 ± 10.1 mmHg; P = 0.01) but no central mean arterial supine bp rise (baseline 107.2 ± 7.8 vs. pyridostigmine bromide 97.0 ± 12.0 vs. fludrocortisone 107.3 ± 6.3 mmHg; P = 0.047). Subjective OH severity, motor score and quality of life remained unchanged by both study interventions.ConclusionsPyridostigmine bromide is inferior to fludrocortisone in the treatment of OH in PD. This trial provides first objective evidence of the efficacy of 0.2 mg/day fludrocortisone for OH in PD, causing minor peripheral but no central supine hypertension. In addition to peripheral bp, future trials should include central bp measurements, known to correlate more closely with cardiovascular risk.
Early platelet and leukocyte decline in patients with neuroinflammatory disorders after intravenous immunoglobulins
Authors: Totzeck A. , Stettner M. , Hagenacker T. 
Published: February 2017

Background and purposeIntravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) are a common therapy in patients with neuroinflammatory disorders, especially chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy or Guillain−Barré syndrome. Hematological toxicities upon IVIG infusion are a known side effect and still an important subject of investigation.MethodsLaboratory results and data for clinical efficacy and tolerability of 62 patients with neuroinflammatory disorders treated with IVIG (0.4 g/kg bodyweight per day over 5 days) at the Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg‐Essen, Germany, were retrospectively analyzed. Blood samples were taken before and 1 day after IVIG administration.ResultsIn pre‐treated and first‐time treated patients, there was a significant decrease in white blood cell count (WBC) (8.10 ± 2.85/nl to 5.61 ± 2.50/nl, P < 0.001, n = 57) and platelets (255 ± 72/nl to 215 ± 66/nl, P < 0.001, n = 57). Mild hemolysis of red blood cells was found in patients who received IVIG for the first time (red blood cell count 4.61 ± 0.67/pl to 4.28 ± 0.52/pl, hemoglobin 13.7 ± 1.7 g/l to 13.0 ± 1.7 g/l, P < 0.001, n = 40). Hemolysis was associated with less tolerability of IVIG treatment and clinical efficacy was accompanied with a higher decline of WBC (not significant).ConclusionsNext to mild hemolysis, a significant decrease in WBC and platelets can be detected early after high dose IVIGs in patients with neuroinflammatory disorders. Changes in blood counts may be possible markers for clinical efficacy and tolerability. Patients with low blood counts in advance should be particularly closely monitored whilst on IVIG treatment.
Evaluation of ISO 4049: water sorption and water solubility of resin cements
Authors: Müller Johannes A. , Rohr Nadja , Fischer Jens 
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the water sorption and solubility test design of ISO 4049 for resin cements. Sorption and solubility of six dual‐curing resin cements [RelyX Unicem 2 Automix (RUN), Multilink Speed CEM (MLS), Panavia SA Plus (PSA), RelyX Ultimate (RUL), Multilink Automix (MLA), and Panavia V5 (PV5)] were analyzed by storage in distilled water after dual‐curing. In addition, sorption and solubility during thermal cycling were assessed with self‐cured and dual‐cured specimens. After water storage, all cements revealed sorption in the range of 30 μg mm−3 except for PV5, for which sorption was markedly lower (mean ± SD = 20.8 ± 0.4 μg mm−3). Solubility values were negative for RUN and RUL (−2.1 ± 0.08 μg mm−3 and −1.9 ± 0.13 μg mm−3, respectively). All other cements attained positive values in the range of 0.4–0.8 μg mm−3. Thermal cycling effects were more pronounced. The assessment of water sorption according to ISO 4049 provides reliable results. Solubility results must be interpreted with care because absorbed water may distort the values.
Presurgical language localization with visual naming associated ECoG high‐ gamma modulation in pediatric drug‐resistant epilepsy
Authors: Arya Ravindra , Wilson J. Adam , Fujiwara Hisako , Rozhkov Leonid , Leach James L. , Byars Anna W. , Greiner Hansel M. , Vannest Jennifer , Buroker Jason , Milsap Griffin , Ervin Brian , Minai Ali , Horn Paul S. , Holland Katherine D. , Mangano Francesco T. , Crone Nathan E. , Rose Douglas F. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryObjectiveThis prospective study compared presurgical language localization with visual naming–associated high‐γ modulation (HGM) and conventional electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) in children with intracranial electrodes.MethodsPatients with drug‐resistant epilepsy who were undergoing intracranial monitoring were included if able to name pictures. Electrocorticography (ECoG) signals were recorded during picture naming (overt and covert) and quiet baseline. For each electrode the likelihood of high‐γ (70–116 Hz) power modulation during naming task relative to the baseline was estimated. Electrodes with significant HGM were plotted on a three‐dimensional (3D) cortical surface model. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated compared to clinical ECS.ResultsSeventeen patients with mean age of 11.3 years (range 4–19) were included. In patients with left hemisphere electrodes (n = 10), HGM during overt naming showed high specificity (0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78–0.85), and accuracy (0.71, 95% CI 0.66–0.75, p < 0.001), but modest sensitivity (0.47) when ECS interference with naming (aphasia or paraphasic errors) and/or oral motor function was regarded as the gold standard. Similar results were reproduced by comparing covert naming‐associated HGM with ECS naming sites. With right hemisphere electrodes (n = 7), no ECS‐naming deficits were seen without interference with oral‐motor function. HGM mapping showed a high specificity (0.81, 95% CI 0.78–0.84), and accuracy (0.76, 95% CI 0.71–0.81, p = 0.006), but modest sensitivity (0.44) compared to ECS interference with oral‐motor function. Naming‐associated ECoG HGM was consistently observed over Broca's area (left posterior inferior‐frontal gyrus), bilateral oral/facial motor cortex, and sometimes over the temporal pole.SignificanceThis study supports the use of ECoG HGM mapping in children in whom adverse events preclude ECS, or as a screening method to prioritize electrodes for ECS testing.
Current situation with invasiveErigeron annuus(l.) Pers. (daisy fleabane) in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Pacanoski Z. 
Published: February 2017

Detailed surveys of populations ofErigeron annuus(L.) Pers., an invasive plant species native to Eastern North America, were made in three locations in north‐western, northern and eastern parts of the Republic of Macedonia. The population densities were not quantified, but several stands of different sizes were found. A rapid ecological risk assessment, mainly based on knowledge of invasion histories in South‐Eastern and Central European countries, showed that this species is a serious threat to Macedonian biodiversity, particularly in the north‐western part, where monospecific stands ofE. annuuswere recorded. Biological invasions ofE. annuusaffect biodiversity worldwide through its rapid growth and high seed production, phenotypic plasticity in the native range with regard to the availability of soil nutrients and release of compounds to the soil over the period of plant growth. Consequently, invaded ecosystems suffer from significant loss in economic and cultural value.
Predators, Parasites and Heterospecific Aggregations in Chrysomeline Larvae
Authors: Tan Eunice Jingmei , Reid Chris A. M. , Elgar Mark A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGregariousness is a common feature in aposematic insect prey and offers the additional benefit of enhancing the effectiveness of their toxic defences. Aggregations of the aposematic larvae of two species of leaf beetles, Paropsis atomaria and Paropsisterna variicollis, occur together on the same Eucalyptus trees over spring and summer. Conventionally, the colouration of these larvae is thought to provide aposematic protection against vertebrate predators, but supporting evidence is limited. We determine whether environmental preferences contribute to the heterospecific aggregations, and the potential costs for larvae of living in heterospecific aggregations. We surveyed natural aggregations of the larvae of both species in the field and recorded environmental variables of these aggregations. This revealed that heterospecific aggregations occurred more commonly at higher leaf temperatures, and in less visually conspicuous locations. Paropsis atomaria larvae were twice as likely to be found in heterospecific aggregations than Pa. variicollis. Next, we manipulated larval aggregations in the field to investigate the survival and gregarious behaviour of larvae in heterospecific aggregations. The gregarious behaviour of both species of larvae did not differ between heterospecific and monospecific aggregations. Further, the survival of larvae did not significantly differ between heterospecific and monospecific aggregations. We suggest that the preference for P. atomaria larvae to aggregate with Pa. variicollis at higher leaf temperature results in the observed heterospecific aggregations, with a potential benefit of lowerer parasitoidism rates for P. atomaria.
Comparison of four criteria for potentially inappropriate medications in Brazilian community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Novaes Priscila Horta , da Cruz Danielle Teles , Lucchetti Alessandra Lamas Granero , Leite Isabel Cristina Gonçalves , Lucchetti Giancarlo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimTo compare four potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) criteria from different regions of the world in terms of their characteristics, concordance, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values in a community‐dwelling sample.MethodsA cross‐sectional, observational, epidemiological study was carried out by a door‐to‐door survey in a Brazilian city. The following PIM criteria were applied: Beers‐2015, Screening Tool of Older People's Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP)‐2015, The European Union (EU)(7)‐PIM list and Taiwan criteria. The associations of criteria with the presence or absence of falls, hospitalizations and cognitive impairment were determined, and their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and concordance among the criteria were assessed.ResultsA total of 368 (92%) older adults were in continuous use of at least one drug. A high prevalence of PIM by Beers (50.0 %), STOPP (46.2%), EU(7)‐PIM (59.5%) and Taiwan 31.3%) criteria was found. There was a high concordance among the PIM criteria (66.3–81.8%), and a moderate‐to‐high intraclass correlation between criteria (0.607–0.851). In general, the Taiwan criterion had lower levels of sensitivity (25.7–34.0%) and higher levels of specificity (67.8–70.3%), The EU(7)‐PIM criteria had higher levels of sensitivity (60–75.3%) and lower levels of specificity (41.1–46.9%), whereas the Beers and STOPP had a more balanced sensitivity/specificity ratio (sensitivity: STOPP 50.7–55.3% and Beers 53.0–56.9 %; specificity: STOPP 56–56.6% and Beers 51.6–53.8%).ConclusionsThe present study found moderate‐to‐high levels of concordance among the four PIM criteria assessed, pointing to a consensus in this field. However, each criterion showed particular characteristics: the EU(7)‐PIM criterion had higher sensitivity, the Taiwan criterion higher specificity, and the Beers and STOPP a more balanced profile. These results highlight that each criterion has its own characteristics, and should be used according to health providers’ objectives. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1628–1635.