bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and performance study of organic small molecule photovoltaic donor materials in solar cells
Authors: Xiong Ping , Fu Ning , Zhang Yifan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, PDPAT-BDT-BT was used as a donor material, combined with PC61BM and PC71BM as acceptor materials, to prepare a hybrid thin film for organic solar cells. In photovoltaic performance tests, this film shows advantages and good characteristics. The experimental results show that the PDPAT-BDT-BT polymer shows good performance in terms of thermal stability, optical properties, and electrochemical properties. It also shows better photovoltaic performance in the hybrid system with PC71BM, which lays a good foundation for its potential application in organic solar cells.
ZnIn2S4-based heterostructured photocatalysts for CO2 reduction: A mini review
Authors: Feng Yi , Guo Ruitang , Qiu Zhongzhu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
ZnIn2S4 (ZIS)’s superior photocatalytic CO2 reduction efficacy, coupled with its distinct layered architecture and narrow energy band profile, makes it an intriguing target for CO2 conversion studies. This article evaluates the photogenerated charge transfer mechanism and photocatalytic CO2 reduction (PCR) efficacy of varied ZIS-based heterostructure catalysts. ZIS-based heterojunctions are initially classified, ensuing discourse on advanced engineering techniques enhancing heterojunction phot catalysts’ PCR functionality like co-catalyst incorporation and morphologic manipulation. The concluding section provides an overview of the present study state and future progression in regard to ZIS-based heterostructured photocatalysts for PCR.
Phase sequence selection method of double-circuit transmission lines on the same tower based on a comprehensive index
Authors: Lu Xiaoyan , Hu Jianqiao , Peng Zhengwei , Ma Peihua , Zhang Kun , Gao Feng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The non-transposition erection of transmission lines will lead to the imbalance of electrical parameters, which will affect the protection and automatic reclosing. The best phase sequence arrangement is determined by comprehensively considering the comprehensive indexes (current imbalance, secondary current, and recovery voltage) of double transmission un-transposed lines with shared towers. PSCAD/EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation software is applied to build a typical 750kV transmission line model for simulation analysis, and the comprehensive indexes under different phase sequence arrangements are studied. The analysis reveals that the arrangement of phase sequence exerts a significant consequence of the comprehensive index. The findings indicate that the margin and different secondary current and recovery voltage indexes, double transmission un-transposed lines with shared towers can be erected in the same direction or in different phase sequences to reduce the current imbalance.
Determination of the optimal number of detectors for the multiangle wire beam scanning method
Authors: Banshchikova M. , Bulavskaya A. , Grigorieva A. , Miloichikova I. , Stuchebrov S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The implementation of control over the characteristics of the beam is an important stage in the conduct of experiments within the field of accelerator physics. The multiangle scanning method based on the reconstruction of the electron beam profile image from projection data can be used to determine the distribution of beam intensities in the transverse plane. In order to reduce the time required for measurement, it is proposed that a set of detecting elements be used in place of a single detecting element when employing this method. This work presents a scheme for optimized data collection using the multiangle scanning method and evaluates the applicability of the modernized approach. For this, a numerical experiment was conducted to determine the beam profile using different numbers of detecting elements. The results of this study demonstrate that the use of multiple detecting elements for the implementation of the multiangle scanning method reduces the measurement time and ensures high quality of the reconstructed beam profile images. It was demonstrated that the minimum number of detecting elements necessary to ascertain a specific beam profile is ten.
Green ammonia imports could supplement long-duration energy storage in the UK
Authors: Palazzi Carlo , Nayak-Luke Richard , Verschuur Jasper , Salmon Nicholas , Hall Jim W , Bañares-Alcantara René 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There is growing recognition of the need for long-duration energy storage to cope with low frequency (i.e. seasonal to multi-annual) variability in renewable energy supplies. Recent analysis for the UK has estimated that 60–100 TWh of hydrogen storage could be required to provide zero-carbon backup for renewable energy supplies in 2050. However, the analysis did not consider the potential role of green energy imports as a supplement to domestic energy storage. Using a global spatially-explicit model of green hydrogen/ammonia production and shipping we estimate the lowest import costs for green ammonia to the UK, and compare them with the levelized costs of energy storage across scenarios of varying domestic renewable energy production. The results indicate that imported green ammonia could offer a cost-comparable alternative to domestic hydrogen production, storage and power generation, whilst increasing energy system resilience through supply diversification, at a similar or cheaper delivered energy cost compared to a hydrogen-only storage system. In countries lacking the geological potential for low-cost hydrogen storage, green ammonia imports could have an even more significant role.
‘Political Knowledge’ of India in Berlin
Authors: Roy Baijayanti 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the study of ‘practical aspects’ of modern India at the Oriental Seminar and its successor organizations, all affiliated to the University of Berlin (then Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität).‘Practical knowledge’ of foreign countries began to be cultivated in Berlin from the days of the Wilhelmine Empire, for the benefit of German colonial officers and increasingly from the 1920s, businesspersons. The institutions that continued the tradition of the Oriental Seminar included Ausland Hochschule or the Academy for the Study of Foreign Countries (established in 1936) and the faculty for the ‘Study of Foreign Countries’ (Auslandswissenschaften) formed in 1940. The SS, or rather its secret service, the SD (Sicherheitsdienst) exerted considerable control on this last named faculty, which aimed to train diplomats and spies who were to be imbued with Nazi ideology and made ready to serve Nazi political goals. Teachers of Indian subjects (various Indian languages and Realien) at the Oriental Seminar and its heirs included German academics as well as some Indian scholars. Among them were the Indian anti-colonialist intellectuals, Tarachand Roy and Devendra Nath Bannerjea and German scholars of modern Indian languages, Reinhard Wagner and Hermann Beythan. In 1942, the Indologist Ludwig Alsdorf also joined the Faculty for the Study of Foreign Countries. By examining the profiles and activities of these scholars, this chapter establishes that they were expected to offer their knowledge and expertise about India to Nazi politics, not just in the classroom but also beyond (e.g. by disseminating German propaganda in India in modern Indian languages).
Emotions
Authors: Shoemaker David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter lays out the variety of emotional responses in which blame and praise may consist, depending on their context and what they seek. It starts with a detailed discussion of anger, in which two distinct forms emerge: slighted and goal-frustrated. The former is the emotional paradigm of what is labelled acknowledgment-seeking blame. Its positive counterpart is gratitude, which also seeks acknowledgment, in the form of gratification. There are also various types of non-acknowledgment-seeking emotional forms of blame and praise, including disdain, contempt, disappointment, and regret (on the negative side) and admiration and pride (on the positive side). These are discussed in terms of what their proper targets are. Narcissists, it is argued, are capable of being the proper targets of only the non-acknowledgment-seeking forms, as acknowledgment requires some fairly robust empathic capacities that they lack.
Fitmakers
Authors: Shoemaker David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
While the previous chapter argued that many forms of blame/praise need only to be fitting to be apt, and not deserved, it was left open what precisely makes them fitting. This chapter claims that, for acknowledgment-seeking forms of blame/praise, their fitmaker is the targeted agent’s quality of will. While this has been argued for elsewhere, what’s needed is a defense against a variety of challenges, many of them from the “new school,” where there are thought to be several examples of blameworthiness without poor quality of will. First, “old school” challenges are thwarted, those that appeal to moral luck, manipulation, or negligence. Then there is a defense against the new school challenges: corporate blameworthiness, taking responsibility for faultless behavior, and having supposedly rational or reasonable racist/sexist attitudes. None of these challenges succeeds, either because they secretly smuggle in quality of will, or because the actions/attitudes described aren’t blameworthy.
SP1.4 - PRESS survey: PREvention of surgical site infection—a global pan-specialty survey of prophylactic practices
Authors: Lathan Ross , Walshaw Josephine , Chetter Ian , Yiasemidou Marina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
This survey aimed to establish current global practice across surgical subspecialties in the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) using prophylactic measures.

Methodology
A cross-sectional survey was formulated following a published protocol, aligning with established guidelines for SSI prevention. A panel of experts provided guidance during iterative rounds of internal validation, incorporating consensus-based modifications. Prior to online dissemination via QualtricsXM link and QR code through international surgical societies, the survey underwent external validation. Recruitment strategies were through international societies, snowballing and social media.

Results
There were 1232 responses from 97 countries, with 698(56.7%) participants completing all inquiries. Responses were primarily provided by consultants or equivalent (766,75.2%), spanning all ten Royal College of Surgeons-recognised subspecialties.
Almost all surgeons (734/779,94.2%) give pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis at or within one hour of incision. Nutritional assessments do not routinely occur, with less than half (314/734,42.8%) performed often or always. Intraoperatively, normothermia is often or always maintained with standard blankets (389/734,53.0%) and forced air warming (435/734,59.3%) and less frequently with warmed fluids (277/734,37.7%) and heated mattresses (176/734,24.0%). Most surgeons (615/734,83.8%) would use non-iodinated drapes, whereas iodinated are used less frequently (472/734,64.3%). Triclosan coated sutures are never used by almost half of all surgeons (365/734,49.7%). Most surgeons (528/734,71.9%) use a simple wound dressing after skin closure.

Conclusions
Most prophylactic measures for SSI prevention display considerable variation in practice. Surgeons agree upon pre-operative antibiotic timing, in line with strong evidence and guidance. Other measures, such as antimicrobial sutures which have strong NICE recommendations, are used invariably.
SP1.5 - PRESS survey: PREvention of surgical site infection—a global pan-specialty survey of practice
Authors: Lathan Ross , Walshaw Josephine , Chetter Ian , Yiasemidou Marina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
This survey aimed to establish current global practice across surgical subspecialties in the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI).

Methodology
A cross-sectional survey was formulated following a published protocol, aligning with established global guidelines for SSI prevention. A panel of experts provided guidance during iterative rounds of internal validation, incorporating consensus-based modifications. Prior to online dissemination via QualtricsXM link and QR code through international surgical societies, the survey underwent final external validation. Recruitment strategies were through international societies, snowballing and social media.

Findings
There were 1232 responses from 97 countries, with 698(56.7%) participants completing all inquiries. Responses were primarily provided by consultants or equivalent (766,75.2%), spanning all ten Royal College of Surgeons-recognised subspecialties.
A significant majority (786/889,88.4%) routinely employs clinical examination for SSI diagnosis, while one-third (305/889,34.3%) never use the CDC criteria. Regarding surgical field preparation, less than half regularly use alcoholic povidone-iodine (339/778,43.6%) or chlorhexidine gluconate (370/778,47.6%). However, approximately one-third often or always use aqueous (478/1556,30.7%) or alcoholic (454/1556,29.2%) solutions for hand scrub.
Surgeons exhibit a higher likelihood of changing gloves (614/734,83.7%) than instruments (513/734,69.9%) to facilitate clean skin closure. Most UK surgeons (181/206,87.9%) express equipoise in randomising patients for interventions in a potential platform trial evaluating SSI prevention.

Conclusions
Significant diversity characterizes global and subspecialty-specific practices in various SSI prevention measures, attributable to conflicting guidance and limited evidentiary support for recommendations. Encouragingly, a substantial number of surgeons express readiness to contribute to a robust evidence base through participation in potential platform trials for SSI prevention.
SP1.8 - Reducing the burden to deliver remote postoperative surveillance using machine learning for surgical-site infection (SSI)
Authors: McLean Kenneth A , Sgrò Alessandro , Brown Leo R , Buijs Louis F , Potter Mark A , Harrison Ewen M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Remote postoperative wound (RPW) surveillance has been shown to improve the delivery of care and minimise the harm to patients from surgical-site infection (SSI). The burden for healthcare staff to deliver is a major barrier to implementation, therefore we aimed to develop novel methods for automated assessment of RPW surveillance to reduce this.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of two interventional studies on RPW surveillance: “Tracking wound infection with smartphone technology” (TWIST) and “ImplementatioN of Remote Surgical wOund Assessment During the coviD-19 pandEmic” (INROADE). Adult general surgery patients could submit images of their surgical wound(s), and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of SSI for 30-days postoperatively. A multi-input neural network (MNN) was developed to predict a clinical diagnosis of SSI within 48h based on symptoms and wound images. Performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC) and externally validated.

Results
There were 1540 submissions containing PROMs (48h SSI rate = 3.7%, n=57) and 2615 images (48h SSI rate = 3.1%, n=82). The MNN exceeded performance of the component models within the external validation subset (AUC: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99) and remained equivalent to clinician triage (AUC: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.90-0.94). Usage to screen out “low-risk” responses prior to clinical triage was estimated to reduce the staff-time required to deliver (6.3h vs 25.5h).

Conclusion
Automated assessment can be successfully deployed within RPW surveillance pathways to reduce the burden on staff to deliver without compromising care, and allow resources to be appropriately directed to those at greatest risk of SSI.
SP2.11 - Continuous versus interrupted closure of midline laparotomy wound with absorbable suture material - A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Singh Anurag , Khan Nida , Mohammed Mazin , Singh Krishna , Sajid Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this meta-analysis is to compare the postoperative surgical outcomes of continuous versus interrupted closure of the midline laparotomy wound with absorbable suture material.

Methods
Randomised control trials (RCTs) reporting postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing closure with continuous versus interrupted closure of midline laparotomy wound with absorbable suture material were selected from medical electronic databases and meta-analysis was conducted by the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration using statistical software RevMan version 5.

Results
Four RCTs on 2,198 patients reporting postoperative outcomes were included. In the random effect model analysis, the wound dehiscence [odds ratio (OR) 0.93, 95%, CI (0.52, 1.64), Z = 0.26, P = 0.79] was comparable between the two groups with no heterogeneity among the included studies. Incisional hernia was also comparable between the two groups [OR 0.82, 95%, CI (0.59, 1.14), Z = 1.19, P = 0.23] with mild heterogeneity among the included studies. Wound infection was also comparable between the two groups [OR 1.30, 95%, CI (0.78, 2.17), Z = 1.01, P = 0.31] with moderate statistical heterogeneity among the included studies.

Conclusion
The continuous suturing closure had no superiority over interrupted closure for the midline laparotomy wound on comparing wound dehiscence, incisional hernia and wound infection. Due to the paucity of the RCTs, a major multi-centre RCT is needed to validate these findings.
SP4.6 - Endoscopic versus laparoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocyst - A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Singh Anurag , Khan Nida , Qasim Muhammad , Kaur Mandeep , Singh Krishna , Sajid Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare the postoperative surgical outcomes of endoscopic versus laparoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocyst.

Methods
Two randomised control trials (RCTs) and four comparative trials reporting postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing treatment with endoscopic transgastric or transduodenal drainage versus laparoscopic cyst-gastrectomy or cyst-jejunostomy for the pancreatic pseudocyst were selected from medical electronic databases and meta-analysis was conducted by the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration using statistical software RevMan version 5.4.

Results
Two RCTs and four comparative trials on 401 patients reporting postoperative outcomes were included. In the random effect model analysis, the overall success rate [odds ratio (OR) 0.81, 95%, CI (0.38, 1.72), Z = 0.54, P = 0.59] was comparable between the two groups with no heterogeneity among the included studies. Adverse events after the procedure was also comparable between the two groups [OR 0.72, 95%, CI (0.34, 1.50), Z = 0.89, P = 0.37] with no heterogeneity among the included studies. Hospital stay was shorter in the endoscopic group [Mean difference -2.71, 95%, CI (-4.14, -1.27), Z = 3.69, P = 0.0002] with high statistical heterogeneity among the included studies.

Conclusion
The patients managed with endoscopic procedures had shorter hospital stay, but the incidence of adverse post-procedure outcomes and overall success rate were comparable between the two groups. Due to the paucity of the RCTs, a major multi-centre RCT is needed to strengthen the findings of this systematic review.
SP4.8 - A Systematic Review on The Safety and Efficacy of Percutaneous cholecystolithotomy (PCCL)
Authors: Ali Ahmed Elmurtada , Hamady Mohamad , Asmar Namir , George Nicole , Vineal Owen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
To summarize the evidence available thus far on the safety and efficacy of percutaneous cholecystolithotomy (PCCL). So, the research question we set out to answer is: Is PCCL a safe and efficacious procedure?

Methods
This is a secondary research project involving a literature search to gather evidence on the research question raised above. An SR protocol and search strategy are developed, literature search is conducted using two search engines: Ovid Medline and Ovid Embase. The two search terms used were: (a) (Percutaneous and (removal or extract) and (Gallstones* or Gall stone* or cholelithiasis or cholecystolithiasis*)), (b) Cholystolithomy. Our inclusion/exclusion criteria are clear and appropriate. PRISMA protocol was followed.

Results
The collected data from the 29 studies that fit our criteria is analyzed, and the results showed that the procedure is safe and effective compared to the gold standard which is laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The clinical and technical success is over 90%, and the combined complication rate is 14.8%, 9.3% major complication rate, and 6.9% minor complication rate. The 30-day mortality of the procedure is 0.8%.

Conclusions
This systematic review shows that PCCL is a safe and efficacious procedure with high technical and clinical success rates. The reported low 30-day mortality and major complication rates, despite multiple comorbidities and frequently old and sick patients, make PCCL outcomes comparable to the gold standard treatment. However, the current evidence is based on single-center data with heterogeneous reporting standards. Further research should aim at an appropriate sample size, a clear definition of recorded variables, and a refinement of current technologies and techniques.
SP4.11 - Retrospective review of achalasia management in a tertiary UGI centre
Authors: Laulloo Sufia , Jihad Mostafa , Turner Paul , Ward Jeremy , Pursnani Kishore , Date Ravindra , Rajendran Ilayaraja , Shetty Vinutha Daya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Achalasia is a rare disorder significantly impacting quality of life (QoL). Medical management includes calcium channel blockers (CCB), Pneumatic dilatation (PD) and Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). Surgical management includes laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy (HM) or more recently robotic assisted Heller’s Myotomy.

Aim
This is a retrospective study of management of patients with achalasia in a tertiary Upper GI centre.

Material and method
Data was collected retrospectively between 2013-2023 (10 years) and analysed using Prism 10. In this period, 193patients with suspected achalasia were analysed and only 89patients with confirmed diagnosis were included.

Results
Of these 89 patients, 46 were female (48%) and 43 were male (52%). The median age was 61years (range 21-94years). 64 patients (72%) were local referrals and 25 patients (28%) were referred via the network. 3 patients (3%) were acute admissions. 45 patients (50%) received medical therapy initiated by gastroenterologists. 6 patients (6.7%) received CCB, 17 patients (19%) received endoscopic Botox and 22 patients (25%) underwent PD. 6 patients (27%) developed perforation post PD; of these, 3 patients underwent surgical repair and had a prolonged hospital stay. Of the 66 patients (74%) who underwent surgery, 55 patients (61%) had laparoscopic HM, 8 patients (9%) underwent robotic assisted HM and 1 patient (1%) had open HM. Average Length of stay was 5.8 days for laparoscopic HM and 3.9 days for robotic HM. In the laparoscopic HM group 3 patients (5%) had iatrogenic oesophageal injury repaired perioperatively and a further 5 patients (8%) needed oesophageal dilation for residual dysphagia. No complication was noted in the robotic HM group.

Conclusion
Surgery remains the treatment of choice for achalasia. Early outcomes of robotic surgery look promising, with lesser complication rates thus improving quality of life.