bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary metabolite profiling provides potential differentiation to explore the mechanisms of adjuvant‐induced arthritis in rats
Authors: Jiang Hui , Liu Jian , Wang Ting , Gao Jia‐rong , Sun Yue , Huang Chuan‐bing , Meng Mei , Qin Xiu‐juan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTo explore the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from the perspective of metabolomics, gas chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC‐TOF/MS) technology was used to observe changes in the metabolic profiles of urine output from rats with adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AA). Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with eight in each. Rats in the experimental group were induced by intracutaneous innoculation of 0.1 mL Freund's complete adjuvant to right paws. On day 20 after immunization, the metabolic profiles between rat control and experimental groups were compared by combining GC‐TOF/MS technology with multivariate statistical approaches, including principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures–discriminant analysis. Nine potential biomarkers were identified, including 2,2‐dimethylsuccinic acid, tartronic acid, dehydroshikimic acid, hippuric acid, adenine, phenaceturic acid, l‐dopa, 1,4‐dihydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid and melibiose. The findings indicate that the rats with AA are disturbed in metabolism of purine, amino acid, fat and energy. This study also demonstrates that the dysfunction in a range of biosynthetic and catabolic pathways, which leads to increased oxygen free radicals and inflammation, could cause underlying pathogenesis of RA. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐group motion planning in virtual environments
Authors: Plaku Erion , Rashidian Sara , Edelkamp Stefan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractToward enhancing automation, this paper proposes an efficient approach for multi‐group motion planning, where the set of goals is divided into k groups and the objective is to compute a collision‐free and dynamically feasible trajectory that enables a virtual vehicle to reach at least one goal from each group. The approach works with ground and aerial vehicles operating in complex environments containing numerous obstacles. In addition to modeling the vehicle dynamics by differential equations, the approach can use physics‐based game engines, which provide an increased level of realism. The approach is based on a hybrid search that uses generalized traveling salesman tours over a probabilistic roadmap to effectively guide the sampling‐based expansion of a motion tree. As the motion tree is expanded with collision‐free and dynamically feasible trajectories, tours are adjusted based on a partition of the motion tree into equivalence classes. This gives the approach the flexibility to discover new tours that avoid collisions and are compatible with the vehicle dynamics. Comparisons to related work show significant improvements both in terms of runtime and solution length. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social well‐being among adolescents and young adults with cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Warner Echo L. , Kent Erin E. , Trevino Kelly M. , Parsons Helen M. , Zebrack Bradley J. , Kirchhoff Anne C. 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDA cancer diagnosis during adolescence or young adulthood may negatively influence social well‐being. The existing literature concerning the social well‐being of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer was reviewed to identify gaps in current research and highlight priority areas for future research.METHODSA systematic review of the scientific literature published in English from 2000 through 2014 was performed. Eligible studies included patients and survivors diagnosed between the ages of 15 to 39 years that reported on social well‐being domains in the City of Hope Cancer Survivor Quality of Life Model. Each article was reviewed for relevance using a standardized template. A total of 253 potential articles were identified. After exclusions, a final sample of 26 articles identified domains of social well‐being that are believed to be understudied among AYAs with cancer: 1) educational attainment, employment, and financial burden; 2) social relationships; and 3) supportive care. Articles were read in their entirety, single coded, and summarized according to domain.RESULTSAYAs with cancer report difficulties related to employment, educational attainment, and financial stability. They also report problems with the maintenance and development of peer and family relationships, intimate and marital relationships, and peer support. Supportive services are desired among AYAs. Few studies have reported results in reference to comparison samples or by cancer subtypes.CONCLUSIONSFuture research studies on AYAs with cancer should prioritize the inclusion of underserved AYA populations, more heterogeneous cancer samples, and comparison groups to inform the development of supportive services. Priority areas for potential intervention include education and employment reintegration, and social support networks. Cancer 2016;122:1029–1037. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Olfactory pathway of the hornet Vespa velutina: New insights into the evolution of the hymenopteran antennal lobe
Authors: Couto Antoine , Lapeyre Benoit , Thiéry Denis , Sandoz Jean‐Christophe 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn the course of evolution, eusociality has appeared several times independently in Hymenoptera, within different families such as Apidae (bees), Formicidae (ants), and Vespidae (wasps and hornets), among others. The complex social organization of eusocial Hymenoptera relies on sophisticated olfactory communication systems. Whereas the olfactory systems of several bee and ant species have been well characterized, very little information is as yet available in Vespidae, although this family represents a highly successful insect group, displaying a wide range of life styles from solitary to eusocial. Using fluorescent labeling, confocal microscopy, and 3D reconstructions, we investigated the organization of the olfactory pathway in queens, workers, and males of the eusocial hornet Vespa velutina. First, we found that caste and sex dimorphism is weakly pronounced in hornets, with regard to both whole‐brain morphology and antennal lobe organization, although several male‐specific macroglomeruli are present. The V. velutina antennal lobe contains approximately 265 glomeruli (in females), grouped in nine conspicuous clusters formed by afferent tract subdivisions. As in bees and ants, hornets display a dual olfactory pathway, with two major efferent tracts, the medial and the lateral antennal lobe tracts (m‐ and l‐ALT), separately arborizing two antennal lobe hemilobes and projecting to partially different regions of higher order olfactory centers. Finally, we found remarkable anatomical similarities in the glomerular cluster organizations among hornets, ants, and bees, suggesting the possible existence of homologies in the olfactory pathways of these eusocial Hymenoptera. We propose a common framework for describing AL compartmentalization across Hymenoptera and discuss possible evolutionary scenarios. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2335–2359, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Delayed astrocytic contact with cerebral blood vessels in FGF‐2 deficient mice does not compromise permeability properties at the developing blood‐brain barrier
Authors: Saunders Norman R. , Dziegielewska Katarzyna M. , Unsicker Klaus , Ek C. Joakim 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe brain functions within a specialized environment tightly controlled by brain barrier mechanisms. Understanding the regulation of barrier formation is important for understanding brain development and may also lead to finding new ways to deliver pharmacotherapies to the brain; access of many potentially promising drugs is severely hindered by these barrier mechanisms. The cellular composition of the neurovascular unit of the blood‐brain barrier proper and their effects on regulation of its function are beginning to be understood. One hallmark of the neurovascular unit in the adult is the astroglial foot processes that tightly surround cerebral blood vessels. However their role in barrier formation is still unclear. In this study we examined barrier function in newborn, juvenile and adult mice lacking fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2), which has been shown to result in altered astroglial differentiation during development. We show that during development of FGF‐2 deficient mice the astroglial contacts with cerebral blood vessels are delayed compared with wild‐type animals. However, this delay did not result in changes to the permeability properties of the blood brain barrier as assessed by exclusion of either small or larger sized molecules at this interface. In addition cerebral vessels were positive for tight‐junction proteins and we observed no difference in the ultrastructure of the tight‐junctions. The results indicate that the direct contact of astroglia processes to cerebral blood vessels is not necessary for either the formation of the tight‐junctions or for basic permeability properties and function of the blood‐brain barrier. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1201–1212, 2016
Constrained body shape among highly genetically divergent allopatric lineages of the supralittoral isopod Ligia occidentalis (Oniscidea)
Authors: Santamaria Carlos A. , Mateos Mariana , DeWitt Thomas J. , Hurtado Luis A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMultiple highly divergent lineages have been identified within Ligia occidentalis sensu lato, a rocky supralittoral isopod distributed along a ~3000 km latitudinal gradient that encompasses several proposed marine biogeographic provinces and ecoregions in the eastern Pacific. Highly divergent lineages have nonoverlapping geographic distributions, with distributional limits that generally correspond with sharp environmental changes. Crossbreeding experiments suggest postmating reproductive barriers exist among some of them, and surveys of mitochondrial and nuclear gene markers do not show evidence of hybridization. Populations are highly isolated, some of which appear to be very small; thus, the effects of drift are expected to reduce the efficiency of selection. Large genetic divergences among lineages, marked environmental differences in their ranges, reproductive isolation, and/or high isolation of populations may have resulted in morphological differences in L. occidentalis, not detected yet by traditional taxonomy. We used landmark‐based geometric morphometric analyses to test for differences in body shape among highly divergent lineages of L. occidentalis, and among populations within these lineages. We analyzed a total of 492 individuals from 53 coastal localities from the southern California Bight to Central Mexico, including the Gulf of California. We conducted discriminant function analyses (DFAs) on body shape morphometrics to assess morphological variation among genetically differentiated lineages and their populations. We also tested for associations between phylogeny and morphological variation, and whether genetic divergence is correlated to multivariate morphological divergence. We detected significant differences in body shape among highly divergent lineages, and among populations within these lineages. Nonetheless, neither lineages nor populations can be discriminated on the basis of body shape, because correct classification rates of cross‐validated DFAs were low. Genetic distance and phylogeny had weak to no effect on body shape variation. The supralittoral environment appears to exert strong stabilizing selection and/or strong functional constraints on body shape in L. occidentalis, thereby leading to morphological stasis in this isopod.
Production of concentrates of CLA obtained from sunflower and safflower and their application to the lipase‐catalyzed acidolysis of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine
Authors: Niezgoda Natalia , Gliszczyńska Anna , Gładkowski Witold , Chojnacka Anna , Kiełbowicz Grzegorz , Wawrzeńczyk Czesław 
Published: February 2016

The process of acidolysis of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) with concentrates of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was performed. CLA was obtained by the alkali isomerization of sunflower and safflower oils. Analysis of the influence of different reaction conditions on the process of isomerization was investigated. Reactions were carried out in preparative scale at 150°C in the ethylene glycol and afforded the mixture of isomers: cis‐9,trans‐11 and trans‐10,cis‐12. Their content was 30.8 and 32.3% for product obtained from sunflower oil and 30.4 and 36.4% for the product obtained from safflower oil. Crude concentrates were purified by urea complexation with 1:3 fatty acids to urea weight ratio. Enzymatic modification of phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk with CLA concentrates was carried out using lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. The process was performed at 45°C with controlled water activity. The highest effective incorporation (42%) of CLA into PC and lysophosphatidylcholine molecules was obtained using concentrate from the sunflower and safflower oils after 36 h of reaction.Practical applications: Results of this research are useful for the development of scaled up acidolysis reaction to produce phosphatidylcholine enriched in biologically active isomers of CLA using the sunflower or safflower oil as a rich source of linolenic acid.Application of the concentrates of CLA obtained from sunflower and safflower oils to the enzymatic acidolysis of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine.
Attention Disengagement Difficulties among Average Weight Women Who Binge Eat
Authors: Lyu Zhenyong , Zheng Panpan , Jackson Todd 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this study, we assessed biases in attention disengagement among average‐weight women with binge‐eating (n = 33) and non‐eating disordered controls (n = 31). Participants engaged in a spatial cueing paradigm task wherein they first observed high‐calorie food, low‐calorie food, or neutral images and then had to quickly locate targets in either the same or a different location. Within both groups, reaction times (RTs) were longer to valid‐cued trials (i.e. target appearing in location of preceding cue) than to invalid‐cued trials (i.e. targets appearing in location different from initial location), reflecting a general inhibition of return (IOR) effect. However, RT findings also indicated that women with BE had significantly more difficulty disengaging from high‐calorie food images than did controls, even though neither group had disengagement problems related to other image types. Selective attention disengagement difficulties related to high‐calorie food images suggested that increased reward sensitivity to such cues is related to binge eating risk. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
3D Laser scanner and thermography for tunnel discontinuity mapping
Authors: Barla Giovanni , Antolini Francesco , Gigli Giovanni 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDiscontinuity mapping of tunnels during excavation is a key component of the interactive observational design approach. One requirement is to verify the geological and geomechanical predictions made at the design stage. In recent years, fully automated, remote‐based techniques such as Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Infrared Thermography (IRT) have become available, and their applications have increased, reducing the time needed to obtain complete geomechanical mapping of the rock mass. The effective use of these techniques is of great interest in tunnelling where the need arises for the operators to work close to the tunnel face. This paper presents a discussion of the main technical features of TLS and IRT, as well as data processing methods, followed by a case study of a tunnel excavated in the NW Italian Alps.
Snow hydrology of a constructed watershed in the Athabasca oil sands region, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Ketcheson Scott J. , Price Jonathan S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWetlands are now being integrated into oil sands mining landscape closure design plans. These wetland ecosystems will be constructed within a regional sub‐humid climate where snowfall represents ~25% of annual precipitation. However, few studies focus on the distribution of snow and, hence, the storage of winter precipitation in reclaimed oil sands landscapes. In this study, the distribution, ablation and fate of snowmelt waters are quantified within a constructed watershed in a post‐mining oil sands environment. Basin‐averaged peak SWE was 106 mm, with no significant difference between reclaimed slopes with vegetation and those that were sparsely vegetated or bare. Snow depth was greatest and more variable near the toe of slopes and became progressively shallower towards the crest. Snow ablation started first on the vegetated slope, which also exhibited the maximum observed ablation rates. This enhanced melt was attributed to increased absorption of short‐wave radiation by vegetation stems and branches. Recharge to reclaimed slopes and a constructed aquifer during the snowmelt period was minimal, as the presence of ground frost minimized infiltration. Accordingly, substantial surface run‐off was observed from all reclaimed slopes, despite being designed to reduce run‐off and increase water storage. This could result in increased flashiness of downstream watercourses during the spring freshet that receive run‐off from post‐mining landscapes where large reclaimed slopes are prolific. Run‐off ratios for the reclaimed slopes were between 0.7 and 0.9. Thus, it is essential to consider snow dynamics when designing landscape‐scale constructed ecosystems. This research demonstrates that the snowmelt period hydrology within reclaimed landscapes is fundamentally different from that reported for natural settings and represents one of the first studies on snow dynamics in constructed watershed systems in the post‐mined oil sands landscape. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated decision strategies for skin sensitization hazard
Authors: Strickland Judy , Zang Qingda , Kleinstreuer Nicole , Paris Michael , Lehmann David M. , Choksi Neepa , Matheson Joanna , Jacobs Abigail , Lowit Anna , Allen David , Casey Warren 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOne of the top priorities of the Interagency Coordinating Committee for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) is the identification and evaluation of non‐animal alternatives for skin sensitization testing. Although skin sensitization is a complex process, the key biological events of the process have been well characterized in an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) proposed by the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD). Accordingly, ICCVAM is working to develop integrated decision strategies based on the AOP using in vitro, in chemico and in silico information. Data were compiled for 120 substances tested in the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA), direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA), human cell line activation test (h‐CLAT) and KeratinoSens assay. Data for six physicochemical properties, which may affect skin penetration, were also collected, and skin sensitization read‐across predictions were performed using OECD QSAR Toolbox. All data were combined into a variety of potential integrated decision strategies to predict LLNA outcomes using a training set of 94 substances and an external test set of 26 substances. Fifty‐four models were built using multiple combinations of machine learning approaches and predictor variables. The seven models with the highest accuracy (89–96% for the test set and 96–99% for the training set) for predicting LLNA outcomes used a support vector machine (SVM) approach with different combinations of predictor variables. The performance statistics of the SVM models were higher than any of the non‐animal tests alone and higher than simple test battery approaches using these methods. These data suggest that computational approaches are promising tools to effectively integrate data sources to identify potential skin sensitizers without animal testing. Published 2016. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Inhibitory effect of cadmium on estrogen signaling in zebrafish brain and protection by zinc
Authors: Chouchene Lina , Pellegrini Elisabeth , Gueguen Marie‐Madeleine , Hinfray Nathalie , Brion François , Piccini Benjamin , Kah Olivier , Saïd Khaled , Messaoudi Imed , Pakdel Farzad 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe present study was conducted to assess the effects of Cd exposure on estrogen signaling in the zebrafish brain, as well as the potential protective role of Zn against Cd‐induced toxicity. For this purpose, the effects on transcriptional activation of the estrogen receptors (ERs), aromatase B (Aro‐B) protein expression and molecular expression of related genes were examined in vivo using wild‐type and transgenic zebrafish embryos. For in vitro studies, an ER‐negative glial cell line (U251MG) transfected with different zebrafish ER subtypes (ERα, ERβ1 and ERβ2) was also used. Embryos were exposed either to estradiol (E2), Cd, E2+Cd or E2+Cd+Zn for 72 h and cells were exposed to the same treatments for 30 h. Our results show that E2 treatment promoted the transcriptional activation of ERs and increased Aro‐B expression, at both the protein and mRNA levels. Although exposure to Cd, does not affect the studied parameters when administered alone, it significantly abolished the E2‐stimulated transcriptional response of the reporter gene for the three ER subtypes in U251‐MG cells, and clearly inhibited the E2 induction of Aro‐B in radial glial cells of zebrafish embryos. These inhibitory effects were accompanied by a significant downregulation of the expression of esr1, esr2a, esr2b and cyp19a1b genes compared to the E2‐treated group used as a positive control. Zn administration during simultaneous exposure to E2 and Cd strongly stimulated zebrafish ERs transactivation and increased Aro‐B protein expression, whereas mRNA levels of the three ERs as well as the cyp19a1b remained unchanged in comparison with Cd‐treated embryos. In conclusion, our results clearly demonstrate that Cd acts as a potent anti‐estrogen in vivo and in vitro, and that Cd‐induced E2 antagonism can be reversed, at the protein level, by Zn supplement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanosized titanium dioxide resulted in the activation of TGF‐β/Smads/p38MAPK pathway in renal inflammation and fibration of mice
Authors: Hong F , Wu N , Ge Y , Zhou Y , Shen T , Qiang Q , Zhang Q , Chen M , Wang Y , Wang L , Hong J 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTitanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been demonstrated to damage the kidneys. However, whether chronic nephritis leads to renal fibration or the fibrosis is associated with the activation of TGF‐β/Smads/p38MAPK pathway caused by TiO2 NPs exposure is not well understood. Forty male mice were separately exposed to 0, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg body weight TiO2 NPs for 6 months. Renal biochemical functions and levels of TGF‐β/Smads/p38MAPK pathway‐related markers and extracellular matrix (ECM) expression in the kidneys were investigated. The findings showed that subchronic TiO2 NPs exposure increased levels of urinary creatisix (Cr), N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase, and vanin‐1, resulted in severe renal inflammation and fibration. Furthermore, TiO2 NP exposure upregulated expression of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1, 0.07‐ to 2.72‐fold), Smad2 (0.42‐ to 1.63‐fold), Smad3 (0.02‐ to 1.94‐fold), ECM (0.15‐ to 2.75‐fold), α‐smooth muscle actin (0.14‐ to 3.06‐fold), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38MAPK, 0.11‐ to 3.78‐fold), and nuclear factor‐κB (0.4‐ to 2.27‐fold), and downregulated Smad7 (0.05‐ to 0.61‐fold) expression in mouse kidney. Subchronic TiO2 NPs exposure induced changes of renal characteristics towards inflammation and fibration may be mediated via TGF‐β/Smads/p38MAPK pathway, and the uses of TiO2 NPs should be carried out cautiously, especially in humans. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1452–1461, 2016.