bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCALING UP THE TASK-SHARING OF AN EVIDENCE-BASED PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT FOR DEPRESSION IN RURAL INDIA
Authors: Agrawal Ravindra , Sood Mohit , Patel Anushka , Sharma Tanushri , Yadav Harshita , Kaur Jigyasa , Kumari Smita , Sharma Prashant , Shukla Vandana , Tripathi Balkrishan , Dongare Namdeo , Narasimhamurti Nityasri Sankha , Bhan Anant , Tiwari Sharad , Sakalle Shailesh , Patel Vikram 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMajority evidence on task-sharing of psychological treatments for depression is focused on randomized controlled trials with project staff delivered treatment. Ours is a scaling up of a brief evidence-based psychological treatment (the Healthy Activity Program, HAP) by community health workers (ASHA) in rural India. Our objective was to test the acceptability, feasibility and effectiveness of ASHA delivered HAP.MethodASHA were recruited in three rural districts in Madhya Pradesh, India. During the study duration, 1001 ASHA completed training using the EMPOWER approach (digital curricula and supervision protocols); 458 ASHA went on to deliver the HAP to adults with depression screened opportunistically. This paper describes the delivery of the HAP over a one-year period (24-07-2022 till 30-06-2023). The primary outcomes were treatment completion, patient and ASHA satisfaction, and change in depression symptom scores on treatment completion; we also explored if treatment effects were sustained at long-term (i.e., 9 month) among a consecutively recruited sub-sample of 10% of the total participants (n=246).Results94.3% of the NSPs completed the full training. 2208 patients (12.1% of the total screened) had depression and all 2208 (100%) agreed to receive the treatment. A total of 13,008 sessions were delivered with a 97.82% completion rate. We found substantial reduction in depressive symptom severity from baseline to immediate post-treatment [Cohen’s d=2.52; CI: 2.44 to 2.61], which was sustained at 9-month follow-up [Cohen’s d=.96, 95% CI: .81 to 1.11]. Lower baseline depression, male gender, longer treatment duration, and higher educational status of the ASHA predicted better treatment outcome at endline. Both ASHA and patients reported high levels of satisfaction.ConclusionThe scaling up of a brief evidence based psychological treatment by existing frontline workers through digital platforms for training and supervision is associated with both high levels of satisfaction, treatment completion and remission rates.
An exposome-wide investigation of 2923 Olink proteins with non-genetic factors in Chinese adults
Authors: Iona Andri , Wang Baihan , Clarke Jonathan , Chan KaHung , Kakkoura Maria G. , Clarke Charlotte , Wright Neil , Yao Pang , Mazidi Mohsen , Im Pek Kei , Rahmati Maryam , Kartsonaki Christiana , Morris Sam , Fry Hannah , Millwood Iona Y , Walters Robin G , Chen Yiping , Du Huaidong , Yang Ling , Avery Daniel , Schmidt Dan Valle , Li Feifei , Yu Canqing , Sun Dianjianyi , Lv Jun , Hill Michael , Li Liming , Clarke Robert , Bennett Derrick A , Chen Zhengming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies in European populations have identified a large number of genetic variants affecting plasma levels of Olink proteins, but little is known about the non-genetic factors influencing plasma levels of proteins, particularly in Chinese populations.MethodsWe measured plasma levels of 2,923 proteins, using Olink Explore platform, in 2,006 participants in the China Kadoorie Biobank. Linear regression analyses were used to assess the cross-sectional associations of individual proteins with 37 exposures across multiple domains (e.g. socio-demographic, lifestyle, environmental, sample processing, reproductive factors, clinical measurements, and health-related indices), adjusted for potential confounders and multiple testing. These were further replicated and compared with similar analyses in Europeans.ResultsOverall 31 exposures were associated with at least one protein, with age (n=1,154), sex (n=827), BMI (n=869) showing the highest number of associations, followed by frailty index (n=597), SBP (n=479), RPG (n=387), ambient temperature (n=292), and HBsAg-positivity (n=282), with diet and physical activity showing little associations. Likewise, of the 2,923 proteins examined, 65% were associated with at least one exposure, with three proteins (CDHR2, CKB, and PLAT) showing the largest number of associations with baseline characteristics (n=14). The patterns of associations differed by sex, chiefly due to differences in lifestyle and reproductive factors. Over 90% of proteomic associations with key exposures in the current study were replicated in the UK Biobank.ConclusionsIn Chinese adults, the exposome-wide assessment of Olink proteins identified a large number of associations with a wide range of exposures, which could inform future research priorities and analytic strategies.
The Differential Burden of Acute Rhinovirus Infections in Children with Underlying Conditions
Authors: Sánchez Códez María Isabel , Benavente Fernández Isabel , Moyer Katherine , Leber Amy L. , Ramilo Octavio , Mejias Asuncion 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionRhinoviruses (RVs) are well-known trigger of wheezing episodes in children with asthma. Their role in other pediatric chronic medical conditions is not fully know.MethodsPatients ≤21 years hospitalized or evaluated as outpatients with symptomatic RV infection were identified from 2011-2013. Patients were categorized based on the type of underlying disease and differences in clinical parameters, RV loads (CTvalues), viral and bacterial coinfections and clinical outcomes compared between groups. Multivariable analyses were performed to identify the comorbidities associated with oxygen requirement, PICU admission, and prolonged hospitalization.ResultsOf 1,899 children analyzed, 77.7% (n=1477) had an underlying comorbidity including asthma (36.8%), prematurity (7.7%), chronic respiratory diseases (6.4%), congenital heart disease (CHD, 3.2%), immunocompromised hosts (ICH; 1.4%) and others (22.2%). Prevalence of comorbidities increased with age (70%, infantsvs84%-87%, children >1 year; p<0.0001). Median RV loads were intermediate-high (24-26 CTvalues), irrespective of the underlying disease. RV/ viral co-detections were identified in 11% of ICH vs 20%-30% in all other children while bacterial co-infections were identified in 2.9% of children. Multivariable models identified asthma, prematurity, CHD and bacterial coinfections consistently associated with all three clinical outcomes (p<0.0001). Older age and higher RV loads were also associated with increased odds of PICU admission.ConclusionsThe prevalence of comorbidities was high in children with RV infections. Of those, asthma, prematurity and CHD were consistently associated with severe disease. Bacterial co-infections and higher RV loads further predicted worse clinical outcomes, highlighting the importance of identifying clinical phenotypes for future targeted interventions.
The Incidence and Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK Population from the UKHSA Winter COVID Infection Study
Authors: Fyles Martyn , Mellor Jonathon , Paton Robert , Overton Christopher E. , Phillips Alexander M. , Glaser Alex , Ward Thomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly during the winter period. The Winter Covid Infection Study (WCIS) ran from the 14thof November 2023 to the 7thof March 2024, and enabled the UK Health Security Agency to publish fortnightly estimates of the incidence and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2. Testing was performed using Lateral Flow Devices (LFD), and a repeat testing design was used to estimate key epidemiological parameters of SARS-CoV-2. This facilitated the estimation of time-varying prevalence, incidence, and test sensitivity. A Bayesian multilevel regression and poststratification model was developed to produce representative and unbiased estimates. In England and Scotland, prevalence peaked at 4.54% (95% CI: 3.90 to 5.24), and incidence peaked at 498 (95% CrI: 429 to 585) new infections per 100,000 individuals per day. The average LFD test sensitivity in England and Scotland during the study was estimated to be 72.1% (95% CrI: 70.3, 74.0), though due to epidemic phase bias this varied from a minimum value of 68.6% (95% CrI: 66.4 to 70.7) to a maximum value of 77.2% (95% CrI: 75.3 to 79.2). The novel study design of WCIS addressed key survey design challenges faced by previous large-scale SARS-CoV-2 population prevalence studies. The study demonstrated the utility and cost-benefit of LFD tests in large community surveys of prevalence.
Racial and ethnic and sex differences in at-home estimates of sleep-disordered breathing parameters among Mexican American, Black, and Non-Hispanic White adults
Authors: Leng Yue , Cavaillès Clémence , Peltz Carrie , O’Bryant Sid E. , Redline Susan , Yaffe Kristine 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRacial and ethnic and sex differences in sleep may exist, but there are limited data directly comparing objective estimates of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), particularly in rapid eye movement (REM) versus non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, among Black, Mexican American (MA) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) men and women. Our goal is to investigate health disparities in SDB in a new, diverse cohort of older adults.Research QuestionDo SDB parameters during REM and NREM sleep differ by race and ethnicity or sex in community-dwelling older adults?.MethodsThe Dormir Study conducted a comprehensive sleep examination among eligible participants enrolled in the ongoing community-based Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities (HABS-HD) cohort (2020-4), among Black, MA, and NHW adults aged 50 years and older. Here we characterize racial and ethnic and sex differences in SDB indices assessed by an FDA-approved Peripheral Arterial Tonometry (PAT)-based home sleep testing system.ResultsWe examined 821 participants, including 543 (66.1%) women, and 284 (34.6%) MA and 174 (21.2%) Black individuals, with a mean age of 66.6±8.5 years. Around half (50.5%) of the participants had moderate to severe SDB as defined by the respiratory event index (REI based on 3% desaturations) of ≥15/ hour, 72.7% with moderate to severe REM SDB (REM-REI ≥ 15/hour) and 39.5% with moderate to severe NREM SDB (NREM-REI ≥15/hour). The prevalence of SDB did not differ by race or sex. However, significant racial and ethnic and sex differences were observed for REM-specific SDB metrics. Overall, Black women had the highest REM REI, and NHW men had the lowest REM REI and REM ODI. After controlling for age, sex, education, income, employment status, cognitive status, BMI, history of hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and coronary heart disease, and sleep medication use, Black participants had a REM-REI that was 3 events per hour higher than that of NHW adults, while NREM-REI were similar. MA individuals had similar REM or NREM SDB parameters compared to NHW adults but exhibited higher average blood oxygen levels.ConclusionsIn this community-based cohort of middle- to older-aged NHW, MA, and Black adults, PAT-based measures of in-home sleep indicate a higher prevalence of REM SDB in Black adults, particularly Black women, compared to their NHW counterparts; this contrasts with the similar NREM parameters observed across racial and ethnic groups. Given the close link between REM SDB and adverse health outcomes, clinicians should pay more attention to this sleep apnea phenotype, especially in minoritized populations.
Effect of comprehensive medication management on mortality in critically ill patients
Authors: Sikora Andrea , Min Wanyi , Hu Mengxuan , Devlin John W. , Murphy David J. , Murray Brian , Zhao Bokai , Shen Ye , Chen Xianyan , Smith Susan E. , Rowe Sandra , Liu Tianming , Li Sheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedication management in the intensive care unit (ICU) is causally linked to both treatment success and potential adverse drug events (ADEs), often associated with deleterious consequences. Patients with higher severity of illness tend to require more management. The purpose of this evaluation was to explore the effect of comprehensive medication management (CMM) on mortality in critically ill patients.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study of adult ICU patients, CMM was measured by critical care pharmacist (CCP) medication interventions. Propensity score matching was performed to generate a balanced 1:1 matched cohort, and logistic regression was applied for estimating propensity scores. The primary outcome was the odds of hospital mortality. Hospital and ICU length of stay were also assessed.ResultsIn a cohort of 10,441 ICU patients, the unadjusted mortality rate was 11% with a mean APACHE II score of 9.54 ± 4.18 and Medication Regimen Complexity-Intensive Care Unit (MRC-ICU) score of 5.78 ± 4.09. Compared with CCP interventions less than 3, more CCP interventions was associated with a significantly reduced risk of mortality (estimate -0.04, 95% confidence interval -0.06 - -0.03, p < 0.01) and shorter length of ICU stay (estimate -2.77, 95% CI -2.98 - - 2.56, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe degree by which CCPs deliver CMM in the ICU is directly associated with reduced hospital mortality independent of patient characteristics and medication regimen complexity.
Safety and Efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy for Recurrent Glioblastoma: An Augmented Meta-analysis of Phase 1 Clinical Trials
Authors: Azzam Ahmed Y. , Morsy Mahmoud M. , Azab Mohammed A. , Elamin Osman , Elswedy Adam , Ahmed Omar S. , Nassar Mahmoud , Zomia Ahmed Saad Al , Mohamed Adham A. , Atallah Oday , Alamoud Ahmed , Alotaibi Hammam A. , Abukhadijah Hana J. , Nashwan Abdulqadir J 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionGlioblastoma is a devastating brain tumor with poor prognosis despite current treatment modalities. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy has shown promise in other cancers but has yielded mixed results in glioblastoma. This augmented meta-analysis aims to address the limitations of previous studies and evaluate the safety and efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy for recurrent glioblastoma.MethodsWe followed PRISMA guidelines, including specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, for our literature review. Eight studies with 108 patients were included. We used standard and augmented meta-analyses to assess outcomes, complications, and publication bias.ResultsIt was found that the mean overall survival for glioblastoma patients who underwent CAR T-cell therapy was 6.49 months, demonstrating no significant deviation from the median survival observed in those following the standard protocol. CAR T-cell therapy did not lead to a statistically significant improvement in achieving complete responses, with only 80% of patients exhibiting this outcome. Conversely, 44% of patients experienced stable disease, while 58% faced disease progression after CAR T-cell therapy. Adverse events were notable, with CAR T cell therapy-related encephalopathy affecting 37% of treated patients, while cytokine release syndrome was a rare event, observed in only 3% of cases.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study that utilizes this novel statistical technique to predict the outcomes of CAR T-cell therapy for recurrent glioblastoma. The results of this study are predictive rather than confirmatory. CAR T-cell therapy for glioblastoma was not predicted to significantly improve survival or achieve substantial complete responses. Stable disease rates are modest, while disease progression is notable. Adverse events, especially CAR T-cell therapy-related encephalopathy, raise safety concerns. Further trials and refinements are needed to enhance CAR T-cell therapy’s effectiveness and safety in glioblastoma treatment, Manuscript Click here to view linked References potentially through optimizing administration routes and target antigens or combining it with other therapies. This challenging disease necessitates continued research to improve patient outcomes.
Prevalence and Diversity of Haemosporidian-Associated Matryoshka RNA Viruses in a Natural Population of Wild Birds
Authors: Esperanza Carlos W. , Faircloth Caroline E. , Roy Scott W. , Sehgal Ravinder N.M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMatryoshka RNA viruses (MaRNAV) have previously been detected using bioinformatics and limited PCR approaches. They are associated with haemosporidian parasite infections, yet their prevalence and diversity in wild bird populations remains largely unknown. To investigate the prevalence of MaRNAV, we examined blood samples collected from wild passerine birds and raptors in the San Francisco Bay Area. Samples were first screened for haemosporidian infections followed by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR to detect MaRNAV. Our analyses identified two novel MaRNAV (MaRNAV-5 and −6) infecting various bird species harboring diverseHaemoproteusandLeucocytozoonspecies and lineages. MaRNAV-5, associated withHaemoproteus, exhibited 71.3% amino acid identity to MaRNAV-4, also associated withHaemoproteus, and was found across 15 different passerine species. MaRNAV-6, linked toLeucocytozoon, shared 72.9% identity withLeucocytozoon-associated MaRNAV-3 and was exclusively found in 4 raptor species. Prevalence was 44.79% for MaRNAV-5 in haemosporidian-infected passerines and 22.22% for MaRNAV-6 in haemosporidian-infected raptors. These viruses were not found in uninfected birds similarly tested via RNAseq and RT-PCR and were consistently only found in birds infected with haemosporidia. Sanger sequencing revealed high similarity of viral sequences across different bird species, even of different orders. Our findings indicate a high prevalence of MaRNAV among local wild birds, as well as their potential specificity to haemosporidia genera, suggesting potential impacts on their health and ecology. We propose a potential life-cycle model for this group of viruses where the insect vector is the primary host, and the haemosporidian parasite acts as the virus’ “vector” to reach its next host. Further research is needed to determine the impact of these viruses in avian systems.
40 Hz sensory stimulation enhances CA3-CA1 coordination and prospective coding during navigation in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Paulson Abigail L. , Zhang Lu , Prichard Ashley M. , Singer Annabelle C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract40 Hz sensory stimulation (“flicker”) has emerged as a new technique to potentially mitigate pathology and improve cognition in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. However, it remains unknown how 40 Hz flicker affects neural codes essential for memory. Accordingly, we investigate the effects of 40 Hz flicker on neural representations of experience in the hippocampus of the 5XFAD mouse model of AD by recording 1000s of neurons during a goal-directed spatial navigation task. We find that an hour of daily exposure to 40 Hz audio-visual stimulation over 8 days leads to higher coordination between hippocampal subregions CA3 and CA1 during navigation. Consistent with CA3’s role in generating sequential activity that represents future positions, 40 Hz flicker exposure increased prospective coding of future positions. In turn, prospective coding was more prominent during efficient navigation behavior. Our findings show how 40 Hz flicker enhances key hippocampal activity during behavior that is important for memory.Significance StatementBrain stimulation has emerged as a new potential therapeutic approach to potentially correct or improve altered neural activity in Alzheimer’s disease. One such approach, 40 Hz sensory stimulation, or flicker, has been shown to improve cognition in disease models. However, it is not clear how 40 Hz flicker affects neural activity underlying memory processes. Here, we investigate how 40 Hz flicker exposure affects neural activity patterns that are crucial for memory. We find 40Hz flicker increases neural coordination in memory circuits, indicating better communication. Furthermore, 40Hz flicker increased neural representations of future positions, patterns theorized to support memory-based planning. These results indicate that 40 Hz flicker increases key neural activity that is important for memory.
The YTHDF Proteins Shape the Brain Gene Signatures of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Tasaki Shinya , Avey Denis R. , Kearns Nicola A. , Iatrou Artemis , Yu Chunjiang , De Tissera Sashini , Vyas Himanshu , Xu Jishu , Flood Daniel J. , Rothamel Katherine , Wingo Aliza P , Wingo Thomas S , Seyfried Nicholas T. , De Jager Philip L. , Yeo Gene , Gaiteri Chris , Bennett David A. , Wang Yanling 
Published: October 2024

SummaryThe gene signatures of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) brains reflect an output of a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, epi-transcriptomic, and post-transcriptional regulations. To identify the most significant factor that shapes the AD brain signature, we developed a machine learning model (DEcode-tree) to integrate cellular and molecular factors explaining differential gene expression in AD. Our model indicates that YTHDF proteins, the canonical readers of N6-methyladenosine RNA modification (m6A), are the most influential predictors of the AD brain signature. We then show that protein modules containing YTHDFs are downregulated in human AD brains, and knocking out YTHDFs in iPSC-derived neural cells recapitulates the AD brain gene signaturein vitro. Furthermore, eCLIP-seq analysis revealed that YTHDF proteins influence AD signatures through both m6A-dependent and independent pathways. These results indicate the central role of YTHDF proteins in shaping the gene signature of AD brains.
Decoding the transcriptomic signatures of psychological trauma in human cortex and amygdala
Authors: Hicks Emily M. , Seah Carina , Deans Michael , Lee Seoyeon , Johnston Keira J.A. , Cote Alanna , Ciarcia Julia , Chakka Akash , Collier Lily , Holtzheimer Paul E. , Young Keith A. ,   Traumatic Stress Brain Research Group, Krystal John H. , Brennand Kristen J. , Nestler Eric J. , Girgenti Matthew J. , Huckins Laura M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPsychological trauma has profound effects on brain function and precipitates psychiatric disorders in vulnerable individuals, however, the molecular mechanisms linking trauma with psychiatric risk remain incompletely understood. Using RNA-seq data postmortem brain tissue of a cohort of 304 donors (N=136 with trauma exposure), we investigated transcriptional signatures of trauma exposures in two cortical regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) and two amygdala regions (medial amygdala and basolateral amygdala) associated with stress processing and regulation. We focused on dissecting heterogeneity of traumatic experiences in these transcriptional signatures by investigating exposure to several trauma types (childhood, adulthood, complex, single acute, combat, and interpersonal traumas) and interactions with sex. Overall, amygdala regions were more vulnerable to childhood traumas, whereas cortical regions were more vulnerable to adulthood trauma (regardless of childhood experience). Using cell-type-specific expression imputation, we identified a strong transcriptional response of medial amygdala excitatory neurons to childhood trauma, which coincided with dysregulation observed in a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived glutamatergic neurons exposed to hydrocortisone. We resolved multiscale coexpression networks for each brain region and identified modules enriched in trauma signatures and whose connectivity was altered with trauma. Trauma-associated coexpression modules provide insight into coordinated functional dysregulation with different traumas and point to potential gene targets for further dissection. Together, these data provide a characterization of the long-lasting human encoding of traumatic experiences in corticolimbic regions of human brain.