bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the taxonomy appropriate? Delineating species for conservation purposes
Authors: Frankham Richard , Ballou Jonathan D. , Ralls Katherine , Eldridge Mark D. B. , Dudash Michele R. , Fenster Charles B. , Lacy Robert C. , Sunnucks Paul 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe first step in conservation management is to delineate groups for separate versus combined management. However, there are many problems with species delineation, including diverse species definitions, lack of standardized protocols, and poor repeatability of delineations. Definitions that are too broad will lead to outbreeding depression if populations are crossed, while those that split excessively may preclude genetic rescue of small inbred populations with low genetic diversity. To minimize these problems, we recommend the use of species concepts based upon reproductive isolation (such as the biological species concept) and advise against the use of phylogenetic and general lineage species concepts. We provide guidelines as to when taxonomy requires revision and outline protocols for robust species delineations.
Managing gene flow among isolated population fragments. I. Limited information
Authors: Frankham Richard , Ballou Jonathan D. , Ralls Katherine , Eldridge Mark D. B. , Dudash Michele R. , Fenster Charles B. , Lacy Robert C. , Sunnucks Paul 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWhen the decision is made to augment gene flow into an isolated population, managers must decide how to augment gene flow, when to start, from where to take the individuals or gametes to be added, how many, which individuals, how often and when to cease. Even without detailed genetic data, sound genetic management strategies for augmenting gene flow can be instituted by considering population genetics theory, and/or computer simulations. When detailed data are lacking, moving (translocating) some individuals into isolated inbred population fragments is better than moving none, as long as the risk of outbreeding depression is low.
Training and Knowledge of Transgender Health Among Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents
Authors: Bukowski Kyle , Haymer Michael , Sridhar Aparna 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:
Transgender individuals experience significant health disparities, including stigma and lack of provider knowledge. The Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology (CREOG) has specific educational objectives regarding care for transgender individuals; however, the extent to which OB/GYN residents meet these objectives is not known.

METHODS:
We invited all current US OB/GYN residents to complete an electronic, anonymous 42-item survey including questions regarding transgender health training, experiences caring for transgender patients, and comfort meeting the CREOG educational objectives.

RESULTS:
Of programs that had at least one respondent, 313 of 2,276 eligible trainees completed the survey for a corrected response rate of 13.8%. The majority (76%) of respondents had received at least some form of training on transgender health topics. Forty-two percent of respondents had cared for a transgender individual as a resident. Although most residents (80%) felt comfortable with basic trans-sensitivity protocols, only 22% of respondents felt competent to provide trans-relevant services. More than 90% of respondents felt this was an important topic for OB/GYN residents to learn and desired to receive more training.

DISCUSSION:
While many respondents felt comfortable with basic topics regarding terminology and sensitivity protocols, a minority of respondents reported feeling prepared to provide care for transgender individuals independently. Given the high desire among respondents for more training, creation of high-quality educational materials for OB/GYN residents should be a priority for residency programs and national organizations, such as CREOG.
Biomarkers in vasculitis
Authors: Hatemi Gulen , Esatoglu Sinem N. , Yazici Yusuf 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
Biomarkers are considered to be helpful in diagnosing, monitoring, predicting treatment response, and prognosis in clinical practice and as outcomes in clinical trials. In this article, we review the recent literature on new biomarkers and the expanding use of older ones in vasculitic conditions.

Recent findings
In antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis patients antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody type may be useful as a predictor of relapse and response to rituximab. Moreover, serial measurements of proteinase-3 titer may help to predict relapse. Urinary soluble CD163 levels are promising for identifying active renal vasculitis. Imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography, computerized angiography tomography, and temporal artery ultrasound maintain their role in diagnosis and disease assessment in large vessel vasculitis. Fecal calprotectin is a useful marker of active gastrointestinal involvement in Behçet's syndrome.

Summary
The publications reviewed here potentially may help to move the field of biomarkers in vasculitis management. However, more work toward understanding the underlying pathophysiology and effects of an intervention on the disease process are needed before true biomarkers can be realized. Further studies with appropriate control groups, using good definitions for disease states such as activity and remission are needed to guide our use of these markers correctly in the management of our patients.
Can Repeated Ponseti Management for Relapsed Clubfeet Produce the Outcome Comparable With the Case Without Relapse? A Clinical Study in Term of Gait Analysis
Authors: Liu Yu-Bin , Jiang Shu-Yun , Zhao Li , Yu Yan , Zhao Da-Hang 
Published: September 2017

Background:
The prevention and treatment of relapsed clubfoot remained challenging tasks. There were controversies as to treatment options and management, such as complete subtalar release, application of an Ilizarov external frame, or repeated Ponseti method; and different options were available in different treatment centers. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome of relapsed clubfeet treated by repeated Ponseti method in comparison with the cases without relapse in term of gait analysis and to clarify the clinical efficacy of repeated Ponseti method in treating the relapsed clubfeet.

Methods:
Thirty-seven patients (53 feet) were retrospectively identified from our database according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among the 37 patients, 17 cases (25 relapsed clubfeet) were assigned to group I, whereas 20 cases (28 clubfeet without relapse) were assigned to group II. Clinical examination, gait analysis, and kinematic gait deviation criteria from Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children were used for evaluation.

Results:
There was statistically significant difference in the parameters of foot length, stride length, and single limb support time (%gait cycle) between the 2 groups (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in the kinematic parameters of total hip, knee, and ankle excursion, peak knee and ankle flexion and extension, and internal foot progression (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in peak hip, knee, and ankle flexion moment, peak knee valgus moment, and peak ankle power (P>0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in equinus and calcaneus gait, increased ankle dorsiflexion, foot drop, and internal foot progression angle (P>0.05).

Conclusions:
Repeated Ponseti method for relapsed clubfeet can yield good or excellent clinical results. We recommend repeated Ponseti method as the treatment choice for relapsed clubfeet in the early stage.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective comparative study.
Laser Treatment of Professional Tattoos With a 1064/532-nm Dual-Wavelength Picosecond Laser
Authors: Kauvar Arielle N.B. , Keaney Terrence C. , Alster Tina 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND
Picosecond-domain laser pulses improve the photomechanical disruption of tattoos.

OBJECTIVE
This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of a novel, dual-wavelength, 1,064/532-nm, picosecond-domain laser for tattoo clearance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a prospective, self-controlled, clinical study of 34 subjects with 39 tattoos treated at 2 sites with an interval of 4.8 ± 1.6 weeks and up to 10 treatments (mean, 7.5). Blinded evaluation and investigator assessment of serial digital images was performed to evaluate treatment efficacy in the 36 tattoos that received at least 3 treatments. Investigators also assessed efficacy before each treatment visit up to 10 treatments. Safety and tolerability was evaluated for all 39 tattoos that underwent at least 1 treatment.

RESULTS
Blinded evaluation demonstrated that lightening of tattoos was achieved in all subjects, with 86% (31 of 36 tattoos) showing at least a 50% clearance after 3 treatments. Adverse events were few and transient in nature. Patient satisfaction and treatment tolerability were high.

CONCLUSION
Treatment of single-colored and multicolored tattoos with this novel 1,064/532-nm picosecond laser is highly safe and effective.
Intracranial Penetration During Temporal Soft Tissue Filler Injection—Is It Possible?
Authors: Philipp-Dormston Wolfgang G. , Bieler Lara , Hessenberger Mathias , Schenck Thilo L. , Frank Konstantin , Fierlbeck Johann , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDTreating temporal volume loss for aesthetic and reconstructive purposes can be achieved by superficial or deep injections of soft tissue fillers into the temples. The latter is performed with bone contact that can lead to intracranial penetration when the bone is accidentally penetrated.OBJECTIVEBased on a clinical case, the potential risk of accidental intracranial penetration was investigated.MATERIALS AND METHODSTwenty fresh-frozen hemi-faces (all Caucasian ethnicity, 10 women, 10 men, mean age 72.8 ± 11.2 years) were investigated. Shape of pterion and bone-stability parameters of the temporal fossa were investigated. Bone stability was tested using uniaxial mechanical indentation (18-G, 1.25-mm diameter, 15-mm length blunt-tip device) until intracranial perforation occurred.RESULTSVariations in the shape of the pterion, bone thickness, and density correlates were detected, however, without statistical significant differences in side symmetry. Minimum force necessary to penetrate intracranially was 40.4 N. Maximum force generated by an 18-g, 70-mm length blunt-tip cannula was 32.1 ± 4.2 N in 70 mm length and 75.3 ± 10.2 N in 15 mm length.CONCLUSIONBased on the results of this investigation, it can be concluded that there is a risk for intracranial penetration performing the deep temple injection technique with direct pressure on the bone.
Contraceptive counseling for continuation and satisfaction
Authors: Schivone Gillian B. , Glish Laura L. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
Quality contraceptive counseling has been identified as a potential means to reduce unintended pregnancy and to increase contraceptive continuation and satisfaction. Past approaches that focused on autonomous decision making and directive counseling have not been shown to meet these goals consistently. Women's health organizations globally are calling for improved counseling through more thorough discussion of side-effects and bleeding changes, and renewed focus on shared decision making and patient-centered care.

Recent findings
Reproductive life planning can help initiate contraceptive counseling but does not resonate with all patients. A client-centered approach using shared decision making, building trust, and eliciting client preferences has been shown to increase satisfaction and continuation. Patient preferences vary widely and may or may not prioritize extremely high effectiveness. Decision support tools have mixed results, but generally can help improve the method choice process when they are well designed.

Summary
Clinicians should strive for good interpersonal relationships with patients, and elicit patient experiences and preferences to tailor their counseling to each individual's needs. Shared decision making with input from both the patient and clinician is preferred by many women, and clinicians should be cognizant of perceptions of pushing any method too strongly, especially among marginalized populations. More research on long-term satisfaction and continuation linked to different counseling practices is needed.
Accelerated Epi-On Versus Standard Epi-Off Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking for Progressive Keratoconus in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Henriquez Maria A. , Rodríguez Ana M. , Izquierdo Luis 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate and compare the effectiveness and safety of accelerated transepithelial (A-epi-on) corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with standard CXL (epi-off) for children with progressive keratoconus.

Methods:
Prospective, cohort study including 61 eyes of 51 patients younger than 18 years with progressive keratoconus at Oftalmosalud Instituto de Ojos, Lima, Peru. A-epi-on CXL was performed for 36 eyes using 30 minutes of impregnation (0.25% riboflavin, 1.0% phosphate hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 0.007% benzalkonium chloride) and 5 minutes of irradiation (18 mW/cm2). Epi-off CXL was performed for 25 eyes using 30 minutes of impregnation (riboflavin 0.1% solution plus 20% dextran 500) and 30 minutes of irradiation (3 mW/cm2). Scheimpflug imaging parameters were evaluated preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively.

Results:
Mean uncorrected visual acuity improvement was 0.12 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) for both groups (P = 0.09 for A-epi-on and P = 0.16 for Epi-off). Mean improvements in the best-corrected visual acuity were 0.09 logMAR (P = 0.05) and 0.06 logMAR (P = 0.05) at 12 months postoperatively for the A-epi-on group and the epi-off group, respectively. Mean maximum keratometry changes were +0.1 D (P = 0.62) and −0.94 D (P = 0.11) for the A-epi-on group and the epi-off group, respectively, at 12 months postoperatively. There were no significant differences between groups regarding changes in pachymetry and posterior elevation values (P > 0.05). Keratoconus progression was observed in 5.6% and 12% of eyes in the A-epi-on group and the epi-off group, respectively.

Conclusions:
Accelerated epi-on CXL and standard epi-off CXL are safe and effective for stopping the progression of keratoconus at 12 months postoperatively.
Fertility restoration with spermatogonial stem cells
Authors: de Michele Francesca , Vermeulen Maxime , Wyns Christine 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
This review evaluates the state of the art in terms of challenges and strategies used to restore fertility with spermatogonial stem cells retrieved from prepubertal boys affected by cancer. Although these boys do not yet produce spermatozoa, the only option to preserve their fertility is cryopreservation of spermatogonial stem cells in the form of testicular cell suspensions or whole tissue pieces. Different techniques have been described to achieve completion of spermatogenesis from human, spermatogonial stem cells but none is yet ready for clinical application. A crucial point to address is gaining a full understanding of spermatogonial stem cell niche pathophysiology, where germ cells undergo proliferation and differentiation. Various fertility restoration approaches will be presented depending on the presence of an intact niche, dissociated niche, or reconstituted niche.

Recent findings
Testicular organoids open the way to providing further insights into the niche. They can recreate the three-dimensional architecture of the testicular microenvironment in vitro, allowing a large number of applications, from physiology to drug toxicity investigations.

Summary
In addition to the full elucidation of the niche microenvironment, achieving fertility restoration from cryopreserved human spermatogonial stem cells implies overcoming other important challenges. Testicular organoids might prove to be essential tools to progress in this field.
Body Composition Changes in Severely Burned Children During ICU Hospitalization*
Authors: Cambiaso-Daniel Janos , Malagaris Ioannis , Rivas Eric , Hundeshagen Gabriel , Voigt Charles D. , Blears Elizabeth , Mlcak Ron P. , Herndon David N. , Finnerty Celeste C. , Suman Oscar E. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
Prolonged hospitalization due to burn injury results in physical inactivity and muscle weakness. However, how these changes are distributed among body parts is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of body composition changes in different anatomical regions during ICU hospitalization.

Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Children’s burn hospital.

Patients:
Twenty-four severely burned children admitted to our institution between 2000 and 2015.

Interventions:
All patients underwent a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry within 2 weeks after injury and 2 weeks before discharge to determine body composition changes. No subject underwent anabolic intervention. We analyzed changes of bone mineral content, bone mineral density, total fat mass, total mass, and total lean mass of the entire body and specifically analyzed the changes between the upper and lower limbs.

Measurements and Main Results:
In the 24 patients, age was 10 ± 5 years, total body surface area burned was 59% ± 17%, time between dual-energy x-ray absorptiometries was 34 ± 21 days, and length of stay was 39 ± 24 days. We found a significant (p < 0.001) average loss of 3% of lean mass in the whole body; this loss was significantly greater (p < 0.001) in the upper extremities (17%) than in the lower extremities (7%). We also observed a remodeling of the fat compartments, with a significant whole-body increase in fat mass (p < 0.001) that was greater in the truncal region (p < 0.0001) and in the lower limbs (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
ICU hospitalization is associated with greater lean mass loss in the upper limbs of burned children. Mobilization programs should include early mobilization of upper limbs to restore upper extremity function.
Statistical Analysis of Influences on the Psychosocial Status of Children With Hemangiomas and Their Families
Authors: Park Ji Ung , Kang Soohee , Choi Tae Hyun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe psychologic stress on the child and family, which arise from hemangiomas, the most common neoplasm of childhood, cannot be overestimated. This study determined the preoperative and postoperative psychosocial status and variation among Oriental children with hemangiomas and their families by questionnaire. Thirty patients who underwent surgery for hemangiomas were assessed for preoperative and postoperative psychosocial status by questionnaire. The distribution of the total mean score and variation between the preoperative and postoperative status was estimated. Based on these results, the significance was statistically analyzed according to variable determinants. This study showed that hemangiomas have harmful effects on psychosocial status of patients and families. After corrective surgery, an improvement in psychosocial status was noted with respect to the self-esteem category or categories related to social activity, and in the following variables, women, face, and dissatisfaction with appearance. When the authors care for patients with hemangiomas and their families, the psychosocial health must be presumed to be at particular risk. Earlier surgical interventions with esthetic concerns have permitted the patient and family the opportunity to reduce the psychologic impact that the hemangioma may otherwise have.
Bulla Down Endoscopic Sphenoidotomy
Authors: Al-Qudah Mohannad 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Surgical approach to the sphenoid sinus is still one of the most challenging steps in sinus surgery. The author describes a novel, simple, and safe technique to access sphenoid sinus to manage isolated sphenoid pathologies or approach skull base by removing the bulla ethmoidalis and temporarily lateralizing the middle turbinate during endoscopic sinus surgery. The current approach provides an effective method to access the sphenoid sinus without increasing morbidity and avoids unnecessary possible complications associated with turbinates’ resection.
Co-Chaperone-Mediated Suppression of LPS-Induced Cardiac Toxicity Through NFκB Signaling
Authors: Ohno Marumi , Moore Rick , Myers Page , Negishi Masahiko 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Co-chaperone cytoplasmic constitutive active/androstane receptor retention protein (CCRP), a member of heat shock protein (HSP) 40, was first characterized to retain a nuclear-destined protein in the cytoplasm. Here we have used CCRP KO mice and demonstrated that CCRP suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac toxicity in mice. LPS treatment decreased heart rates in CCRP KO mice, but not in wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, LPS-treated KO mice showed reduced fraction shortening, an indicator of ventricular contractile function, to a greater degree than WT mice did. Rat cardiomyocyte-derived H9c2 cells, in which CCRP is not expressed, were used to examine a cell signal through which CCRP suppressed LPS-induced cardiac toxicity. Overexpression of CCRP prevented p65, a nuclear factor κB (NFκB) subunit, from accumulating in the nucleus after LPS treatment. As observed with H9c2 cells, nuclear accumulation of p65 was found to be higher in the hearts of KO mice than WT mice after LPS treatment. Furthermore, induction of TNFα by LPS was markedly suppressed by CCRP in H9c2 cells as well as in LPS-treated mouse serum. In supporting the notion that CCRP repressed the LPS-induced NFκB signaling, pretreatment with pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, an NFκB signaling inhibitor, or anti-TNF-α antibody before LPS treatment restored heart rates decreased in KO mice after LPS treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Our present study characterized a novel physiological role of CCRP in protecting cardiac functions through the inhibition of NFκB signaling.