bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of borehole stability of volcanic rock formation with the influence of multiple factors
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Wen Jinglin , Xu Zhiming , Xu Zhiwei , Feng Jiang , Zhao Xingdong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBorehole instability in igneous rock formation has attracted more and more attention in recent ten years. In order to understand the mechanism of wellbore instability in igneous formation, a borehole stability model is established by applying the thermal, seepage and stress coupling model combined with a true triaxial rock strength criterion, which can reveal evolution of borehole collapse pressure with time. The effect of drilling cycle on borehole collapse pressure considering the coupling effects of temperature, seepage, and stress is quantitatively analyzed. Results show that, compared with only considering the effect of stress, wellbore collapse pressure increases with the coupling effect of temperature, seepage, and stress. Meanwhile, the stability of wellbore can be enhanced by reducing drilling fluid temperature; with the increase of formation porosity, the borehole collapse pressure increases rapidly, and then remains unchanged or decreases; while with the increase of formation permeability, borehole collapse pressure decreases rapidly, i.e. the shear failure of wellbore is mitigated. Besides, compared with vertical well, the horizontal well is more sensitive to the change of rock permeability. The investigation of drilling cycle shows that, the borehole collapse pressure increased sharply when the formation was drilled instantaneously. However, the subsequent growth trend slows down, which suggests that during the early stages of drilling operation, it is advisable to appropriately increase the mud weight to enhance the wellbore’s support capability by the bottomhole pressure. The research findings can enhance the understanding of the instability mechanism of igneous rock formations and reduce the risk of wellbore instability in igneous rock formations.
Our “Cognitive Limitations” and the Hard Problem of Consciousness
Authors: STARK ANDREW 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Philosophers have conjectured that human cognitive limitations might preclude our ever resolving the hard problem of consciousness. Few, however, have offered suggestions as to what it might be about our conceptual apparatus that poses the problem. I do so in this essay, arguing that our central difficulties lie with two conceptual categories that pervade philosophical discussion of the hard problem. They are compositional concepts -- part/whole, constituents/constitution, and the like – and instantiational concepts: properties/objects, universals/particulars, and the like. I look at the uses of these two conceptual categories in four contexts in which the hard problem is considered: multiple realizability, zombies, mental causation, and panpsychism. I show that the two conceptual categories run into the same kinds of obstacles in each case, which suggests that they might be key to the cognitive limitations about which some have speculated
Phase I clinical trial designs in oncology: A systematic literature review from 2020 to 2022
Authors: Li Ning , Zhou Xitong , Yan Donglin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Phase I clinical trials aim to find the highest dose of a novel drug that may be administrated safely without having serious adverse effects. Model-based designs have recently become popular in dose-finding procedures. Our objective is to provide an overview of phase I clinical trials in oncology.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of phase I clinical trials in oncology was performed by using the PubMed database between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022. We extracted all papers with the inclusion of trials in oncology and kept only those in which dose escalation or/ and dose expansion were conducted. We also compared the study parameters, design parameters, and patient parameters between industry-sponsored studies and academia-sponsored research.

Result:
Among the 1450 papers retrieved, 256 trials described phase I clinical trials in oncology. Overall, 71.1% of trials were done with a single study cohort, 56.64% of trials collected a group of at least 20 study volunteers, 55.1% were sponsored by industry, and 99.2% of trials had less than 10 patients who experienced DLTs.
The traditional 3 + 3 (73.85%) was still the most prevailing method for the dose-escalation approach. More than 50% of the trials did not reach MTDs. Industry-sponsored study enrolled more patients in dose-escalation trials with benefits of continental cooperation. Compared to previous findings, the usage of model-based design increased to about 10%, and the percentage of traditional 3 + 3 design decreased to 74%.

Conclusions:
Phase I traditional 3 + 3 designs perform well, but there is still room for development in novel model-based dose-escalation designs in clinical practice.
A perspective about the potential use of nanotechnology to monitor immune correlates of the clinical course of major mood disorders
Authors: Wuethrich Alain , Crouse Jacob J. , Vedelago Courtney , Zhang Yiwen , Farokhinejad Fahimeh , Hickie Ian B. , Trau Matt 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the question put forward by Scott et al., implications about the role of immune activation in depressive or other mood disorders were suggested. Low-level inflammation, triggered by the release of inflammatory molecules such as cytokines, has been detected in individuals with major mood disorders. These markers can be present in very low concentrations, posing a significant analytical challenge and complicating their use as reliable biomarkers. In this Perspective, we discuss the potential promise in leveraging nanotechnology and trace-level analysis of biomarkers of immune activation to enhance our molecular understanding of the immune system’s functioning and its association with depressive and other mood disorders. This Perspective critically discusses the analytical challenges of trace biomarker detection, highlighting issues with variability in study methodologies and cohort heterogeneity and emphasising the need for diurnal and longitudinal sampling to study circadian disruption and immune activation. Profiling inflammatory markers in this manner could create individualised molecular fingerprints, revealing disruptions in immune synchronisation with circadian rhythms and detecting abnormalities linked to specific mood disorder subtypes, and particularly ‘circadian depression’. As the profiling of general inflammatory markers may not be sufficient to study any causative relationship between immune activation and major mood disorders, we propose the exploration of novel biomarkers such as extracellular vesicles to support these investigations. The use of nanotechnologies for trace profiling of diurnal variations of inflammatory molecules, in combination with novel biomarkers, offers a promising strategy to develop a molecular understanding of the role of immune activation in depressive and other mood disorders.
On the critical regularity of nilpotent groups acting on the interval: the metabelian case
Authors: ESCAYOLA MAXIMILIANO , RIVAS CRISTÓBAL 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Let G be a torsion-free, finitely generated, nilpotent and metabelian group. In this work, we show that G embeds into the group of orientation-preserving

$C^{1+\alpha }$

-diffeomorphisms of the compact interval for all

$\alpha < 1/k$

, where k is the torsion-free rank of

$G/A$

and A is a maximal abelian subgroup. We show that, in many situations, the corresponding

$1/k$

is critical in the sense that there is no embedding of G with higher regularity. A particularly nice family where this happens is the family of

$(2n+1)$

-dimensional Heisenberg groups, for which we can show that the critical regularity is equal to

$1+1/n$

.
A parameter ASIP for the quadratic family
Authors: ASPENBERG MAGNUS , BALADI VIVIANE , PERSSON TOMAS 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConsider the quadratic family
$T_a(x) = a x (1 - x)$
for
$x \in [0, 1]$
and mixing Collet–Eckmann (CE) parameters
$a \in (2,4)$
. For bounded
$\varphi $
, set
$\tilde \varphi _{a} := \varphi - \int \varphi \, d\mu _a$
, with
$\mu _a$
the unique acim of
$T_a$
, and put
$(\sigma _a (\varphi ))^2 := \int \tilde \varphi _{a}^2 \, d\mu _a + 2 \sum _{i>0} \int \tilde \varphi _{a} (\tilde \varphi _{a} \circ T^i_{a}) \, d\mu _a$
. For any mixing Misiurewicz parameter
$a_{*}$
, we find a positive measure set
$\Omega _{*}$
of mixing CE parameters, containing
$a_{*}$
as a Lebesgue density point, such that for any Hölder
$\varphi $
with
$\sigma _{a_{*}}(\varphi )\ne 0$
, there exists
$\epsilon _\varphi>0$
such that, for normalized Lebesgue measure on
$\Omega _{*}\cap [a_{*}-\epsilon _\varphi , a_{*}+\epsilon _\varphi ]$
, the functions
$\xi _i(a)=\tilde \varphi _a(T_a^{i+1}(1/2))/\sigma _a (\varphi )$
satisfy an almost sure invariance principle (ASIP) for any error exponent
$\gamma>2/5$
. (In particular, the Birkhoff sums satisfy this ASIP.) Our argument goes along the lines of Schnellmann’s proof for piecewise expanding maps. We need to introduce a variant of Benedicks–Carleson parameter exclusion and to exploit fractional response and uniform exponential decay of correlations from Baladi et al [Whitney–Hölder continuity of the SRB measure for transversal families of smooth unimodal maps. Invent. Math.201 (2015), 773–844].
Vertical and lateral dynamics of middle managers’ strategizing for institutional complexity
Authors: Jonasson Charlotte , Bjerregaard Toke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Research suggests that institutional complexity is of strategic importance and recent calls have been made to investigate organizational strategizing in such a situation of multiple institutional logics. We therefore investigate middle managers’ strategizing for institutional complexity. In doing so, we follow theoretical suggestions of a renewed practice-based view on strategizing as a broad social accomplishment beyond top management activities. Based on a qualitative field study in a company under influence of substantive financial reform, findings show that middle managers re-strategize institutional complexity at the vertical interstices of top management strategies and the distributed agency of their followers. Furthermore, the study highlights the character and effects of lateral dynamics of middle managers’ competing strategizing. We explain how these vertical and lateral dynamics provide insight into strategizing for institutional complexity as a distributed, situated, and emergent social accomplishment. Such strategizing practices have unintended organizational consequences beyond both top and middle management control.
Constraining the physical parameters of blazars using the seed factor approach
Authors: Deng Chang-Bin , Shi Yong-You , Song Yu-Jie , Xue Rui , Du Lei-Ming , Wang Ze-Rui , Xie Zhao-Hua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The discovery that blazars dominate the extra-galactic

$\gamma$

-ray sky is a triumph in the Fermi era. However, the exact location of

$\gamma$

-ray emission region still remains in debate. Low-synchrotron-peaked blazars (LSPs) are estimated to produce high-energy radiation through the external Compton process, thus their emission regions are closely related to the external photon fields. We employed the seed factor approach proposed by Georganopoulos et al. It directly matches the observed seed factor of each LSP with the characteristic seed factors of external photon fields to locate the

$\gamma$

-ray emission region. A sample of 1 138 LSPs with peak frequencies and peak luminosities was adopted to plot a histogram distribution of observed seed factors. We also collected some spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of historical flare states to investigate the variation of

$\gamma$

-ray emission region. Those SEDs were fitted by both quadratic and cubic functions using the Markov-chain Monte Carlo method. Furthermore, we derived some physical parameters of blazars and compared them with the constraint of internal

$\gamma\gamma$

-absorption. We find that dusty torus dominates the soft photon fields of LSPs and most

$\gamma$

-ray emission regions of LSPs are located at 1–10 pc. The soft photon fields could also transition from dusty torus to broad line region and cosmic microwave background in different flare states. Our results suggest that the cubic function is better than the quadratic function to fit the SEDs.
Reflecting on Armenians in Ottoman Historiography
Authors: Antaramian Richard , Derderian Dzovinar , Gutman David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Workshop for Armenian/Turkish Scholarship (WATS) convened its first meeting at the University of Chicago in March 2000. Since then, the historical literature on not only the Armenian Genocide, but also Ottoman Armenians more generally, has grown ever more sophisticated. This essay takes stock of the growing visibility of Armenians in Ottoman historiography over the last two decades, and other developments. In particular, it asks why historical scholarship on Armenians has yet to have a transformative effect on the frameworks used to study the Ottoman Empire's history? The essay first identifies a series of obstacles that have prevented Armenian and Ottoman studies scholarship from developing a shared set of questions. It then offers suggestions for more carefully addressing the underlying problematics of empire that can bridge this divide without inadvertently reproducing national or regional paradigms that have long left an imprint on Ottoman historiography.
‘Luxuries of the mind’: Contextualising Art Photography, Eroticism and History of Medicine in the Social tableaux vivants of Lejaren à Hiller's Sutures in Ancient Surgery (1920s–1940s)
Authors: Connor J. T. H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn 1927 Lejaren à Hiller (1880–1969) produced a series of black and white art photographs entitled Sutures in Ancient Surgery evoking scenes from the distant past of surgery and medicine. Commissioned and distributed in North America by Davis & Geck, Inc. to promote sales of its surgical sutures (stitches), several depictions were erotic owing to the centrality and poses of nude female models. The first series appeared as ads in professional technical journals, then as packets assembled in paper portfolios distributed to doctors who were primarily men. The creation of Hiller's oeuvre in different forms over almost a century – journal advertisement, portfolio, book, exhibit, magazine features and textbook illustration – highlights his enduring broad appeal, although his work has since been subject to criticism because of its perceived sexism. At its root, Sutures was an advertising medium that connected a seller to a potential buyer. The content and presentation of the project also connected medicine present with medicine past, which also may have helped physicians to connect with the then blossoming field of medical history. The appeal Sutures may have had for a past male medical culture would not resonate with the more gender-inclusive and less overtly sexist medical profession of today, which also prompts discussion of the associations across art, obscenity, medicine and society. My reassessment of Hiller's work based on analysis of his artwork, contemporary interviews, published critiques, Hiller's own writings and DG company records extends previous analyses as it is more comprehensive in scope and also considers more fully works by Hiller antecedent to Sutures that probably greatly influenced it, such as photopoetry books, other advertising projects and his silent movie films.
Desert or dignity? Rethinking injustice in wages
Authors: Napoletano Toby 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A common idea, both in ordinary discourse and in the desert literature, is that wages can be deserved. The thought is not only highly intuitive, but it is also often appealed to in order to explain various injustices in employment income – pay gaps, for instance. In this paper, I challenge the idea that income from employment is the kind of thing that can be deserved. I argue that once one gets clear on the metaphysics of jobs and wages within the context of economic exchange more generally, there are natural principles concerning such exchanges which generate puzzles for that view. The puzzles, I argue, are especially acute for meritocrats who conceive of justice in wages in terms of desert. Additionally, I argue that appealing to dignity (rather than desert) offers better hope of explaining the kinds of injustices in wages that motivate the appeal to desert. In that case, no explanatory gap is left by abandoning the idea that wages can be deserved either, and so, I argue, we have good reason to doubt it.
Shaping people’s preferences: liberal neutrality, means paternalism and tobacco control
Authors: Kniess Johannes 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Liberal neutrality compels governments to respect individual preferences. Yet health-promotion campaigns, such as modern tobacco control policies, often seek to cultivate a preference for a healthy lifestyle. Liberal theorists have attempted to justify these policies by appealing to the concept of ‘means paternalism’, whereby these policies align with existing preferences. In contrast, this article argues that shaping preferences can be not only permissible but also morally required. Governments can preserve neutrality while influencing preferences by promoting generic goods valued in diverse societies and considering the preference-formation of future generations. This argument provides a stronger rationale for tobacco control policies.
On not holding women to higher standards of justice than men: gender justice, even for millionaire women
Authors: Barclay Linda , McKenna Tessa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn a recent article in this journal, James Christensen, Tom Parr and David Axelsen argue that millionaire salaries are unjust and women have no grounds of fairness to unjust salaries in parity with men. They accept that disrespect is expressed toward women when they are paid less than men because of their gender. Their argument largely replicates a similar argument developed earlier by Anca Gheaus. By drawing on the distinction between ideal and nonideal theory, we argue that Christensen et al. and Gheaus hold women to unacceptably high standards of justice and arguably higher standards than men are held to.
The Servant Vocation
Authors: Gerard M. 
Published: September 2024

In sacred scripture, to be God's servant is to be God's friend. The
servant is someone especially chosen, especially loved. God
prefers him to others. He is
‘my servant'. There is a wonderful sense of
intimacy and belonging in that possessive my'. God chooses his servants with
a spontaneity and freedom which we see reflected in our own choice of
friends. And to be chosen is to belong. We are no longer our own. We are
committed to another. The choice is not only one of love but of demand. To
be a friend is to be someone of whom a great deal may be asked. God's
servant is always someone from whom God feels free to ask for more, much
more, than other men.
Sacred scripture bears constant, unswerving witness to this fact.
Intimacy with Yahweh means demands by Yahweh. If he chooses someone to be
his servant it will inevitably follow that he will have sometliing to ask of
them, a task, a mission, an assignment.
Religious Tolerance and Intolerance
Authors: Lercaro Cardinal 
Published: September 2024

The Concept of Tolerance. There is about
tolerance something paradoxical, for it consists, in fact, in permitting
something which we know with certainty to be either an evil or an error:
permissio negativa mali, as the theologian
carefully defines it. Negative, because the permission does not imply either
encouragement or approval.
From this definition it follows that tolerance is not, in the strict
sense of the word, a virtue. We ought rather to say that the exercise of
tolerance is authorized and required by a virtue,
on account of some greater good which must be promoted or defended. The
ultimate justification for tolerance has to be sought in the reflection of
the divine laws governing the world, which human rulers are required to
achieve. ‘Human government', says St Thomas, ‘is derived from the divine
government, and must imitate it.
Non-conforming dialect and its (social) meanings: younger and older speakers’ reactions to hyperdialectisms in Brabantish
Authors: Doreleijers Kristel , Swanenberg Jos 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses the social meaning of variation in adnominal gender marking in the Dutch dialect of North Brabant. Previous studies reveal that the masculine gender suffix gains social meaning at the expense of grammatical function. However, it remains unclear what kinds of meanings the suffix can have, and how it becomes part of a Brabantish speech style. Therefore, we present statements from ten focus group interviews featuring 50 younger and older speakers. In these sessions, participants were asked to reflect on hyperdialectal usages of the gender suffix. We argue that the indexicalization of the suffix does not yield one fixed social meaning but rather a range of potential meanings, i.e. indexical field, that can be called upon by individual speakers depending on the context. However, the ranges of potential meanings clearly differ between both age groups, unraveling the different norms associated with the suffix.
Providers’ experience on essential health services in primary healthcare units of Ethiopia during COVID-19: a qualitative study on impact and response
Authors: Mitike Getnet , Nigatu Frehiwot , Wolka Eskinder , Defar Atkure , Tessema Masresha , Codington David , Nigussie Tezita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The objective of this study was to explore how selected sub-national (provincial) primary healthcare units in Ethiopia responded to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and what impact these measures had on essential health services.

Background:
National-level responses against the spread of COVID-19 and its consequences are well studied. However, data on capacities and challenges of sub-national health systems in mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on essential health services are limited. In countries with decentralized health systems like Ethiopia, a study of COVID-19 impacts on essential health services could inform government bodies, partners, and providers to strengthen the response against the pandemic and document lessons learned.

Methods:
We conducted a qualitative study, using a descriptive phenomenology research design. A total of 59 health leaders across Ethiopia’s 10 regions and 2 administrative cities were purposively selected to participate in key informant interviews. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide translated into a local language. Interviews were conducted in person or by phone. Coding of transcripts led to the development of categories and themes, which were finalized upon agreement between two investigators. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings:
Essential health services declined in the first months of the pandemic, affecting maternal and child health including deliveries, immunization, family planning services, and chronic disease services. Services declined due to patients’ and providers’ fear of contracting COVID-19, increased cost of transport, and reallocation of financial and human resources to the various activities of the response. Authorities of local governments and the health system responded to the pandemic immediately, capitalizing on multisectoral support and redirecting resources; however, the intensity of the response declined as time progressed. Future investments in health system hardware – health workers, supplies, equipment, and infrastructure as well as carefully designed interventions and coordination are needed to shore up the COVID-19 response.