bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gynecological cancer alarm symptoms: is contact with specialist care associated with lifestyle and socioeconomic status? A population‐based study
Authors: Balasubramaniam Kirubakaran , Ravn Pernille , Christensen Rene D. , Søndergaard Jens , Jarbøl Dorte E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine the proportion of patients who were referred to specialist care after reporting gynecological cancer alarm symptoms to their general practitioner. We sought to investigate whether contact with specialist care was associated with lifestyle factors or socioeconomic status.Material and methodsNationwide population‐based prospective cohort study in Denmark, based on a random sample of 51 090 women aged 20 years or older from the general population. A web‐based questionnaire regarding gynecological alarm symptoms and lifestyle was distributed to the invited individuals. Data about contact with specialist care were obtained from the National Patient Register and the National Health Insurance Service Registry, whereas information about socioeconomic status was collected from Statistics Denmark. Main outcome measures were percentages of patients having contact with specialist care and odds ratios (ORs) for associations between specialist care contact, lifestyle factors and socioeconomic status.ResultsThe study included 25 866 nonpregnant women; 2957 reported the onset of at least one gynecological cancer alarm symptom, and 683 of these (23.1%) reported symptoms to their general practitioner. The proportion of individuals having contact with specialist care ranged from 39.3% (pain during intercourse) to 47.8% (bleeding during intercourse). Individuals with higher educational level had significantly higher odds of contact with a specialist (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.17–2.95).ConclusionsEducational level influences contact with specialist care among patients with gynecological cancer alarm symptoms. Future studies should investigate inequalities in access to the secondary healthcare system.
Preoperative intraocular pressure as a predictor of selective laser trabeculoplasty efficacy
Authors: Pillunat Karin R. , Spoerl Eberhard , Elfes Greta , Pillunat Lutz E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeTo identify predictors of intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction following selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in patients with high‐ and low‐pressure primary open‐angle glaucoma, who are already taking maximally tolerated IOP‐lowering medication and need further IOP reduction.MethodsIn this prospective interventional case series, 157 eyes of 157 open‐angle glaucoma patients who were assigned for SLT for further IOP reduction were included. Each patient had diurnal IOP measurements taken before and on average 6 months following SLT. The mean of six IOP measurements was compared. The following parameters were analysed for their association with SLT success: age, gender, spherical equivalent, high‐pressure or normal‐pressure open‐angle glaucoma, number and type of pressure‐lowering medications, lens status, pre‐SLT IOP, IOP at the time of diagnosis, duration of glaucoma, visual field stage and central corneal thickness.ResultsThe only parameter that was predictive for absolute and relative mean diurnal IOP reduction after SLT was the preoperative mean diurnal IOP. One hundred per cent of the patients with a mean diurnal preoperative IOP of more than 18 mmHg had an IOP reduction after SLT. With mean diurnal preoperative values of 14–18 mmHg, 83.1% of the patients, and with values below 14 mmHg only 64% of the patients, showed an IOP reduction. This difference was statistically significant (>18 compared to 14–18: p = 0.002; >18 compared to <14: p = 0.001; 14–18 compared to <14: p = 0.030).ConclusionsThe pressure‐lowering effect of SLT can best be predicted by the individual IOP level before treatment. Patients with mean diurnal IOP levels below 14 mmHg might not benefit from the procedure at all.
Effect of heat stress on adipokines and some blood metabolites in goats from Jordan
Authors: Al‐Dawood Amani 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTo date and to the best of our knowledge, there have been no available data on the interaction between heat stress (HS) and secretion of adipokines and some blood metabolites in Baladi goats from Jordan. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the changes in leptin, adiponectin, non‐ester fatty acid (NEFA) and beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations in Baladi goats under HS conditions in Jordan. Six goats were exposed to direct solar radiation versus six goats exposed to shade regimen. Blood samples were collected and serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, NEFA and BHB were measured. Ambient temperature, relative humidity (RH) and body weight (BW) were recorded. Results indicated that leptin and adiponectin concentrations were significantly increased under HS. The concentration of NEFA was significantly increased under HS at the 7th and 14th days of the experiment, while mean total concentration of NEFA was not significantly affected by HS. Neither weekly nor mean total concentrations of BHB were significantly affected by HS during the experimental period. In conclusion, HS is associated with changes in leptin and adiponectin concentrations in Baladi goats. Heat‐stressed goats were able to keep their blood NEFA and BHB concentrations similar to those of thermo‐neutral goats.
Spatially limited clonality and pollen and seed dispersal in a characteristic climber of Central African rain forests: Haumania danckelmaniana (Marantaceae)
Authors: Ley Alexandra C. , Hardy Olivier J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGene dispersal and clonality are important aspects of plant evolution affecting the spatial genetic structure (SGS) and the long‐term survival of species. In the tropics these parameters have mostly been investigated in trees and some herbs, but rarely in climbers which frequently: (1) show clonal growth leading to a patchy distribution pattern similar to that of understory herbs; and (2) flower in the canopy where they may have access to long‐distance dispersal like canopy trees. We thus hypothesize for climbers an intermediate genetic structure between herbs and trees. The study aims at assessing breeding system and spatial extent of clonality and gene dispersal in Haumania danckelmaniana (Marantaceae), a common climber in the tropical rain forests from western Central Africa. In eastern Cameroon, 330 ramets were sampled at three spatial scales and genotyped at seven microsatellite loci. Clonality was moderate (clonal extend: 15–25 m, clonal diversity 0.4–0.65) indicating the importance of recruitment from seeds at this locality. The low inbreeding (FIS) suggested predominant outcrossing. The rate of decay of the relatedness between individuals with distance indicated limited gene dispersal distance (σg = 9–50 m, neighborhood sizes Nb = 23–67) in accordance with narrowly gravity dispersed seeds and restricted pollen transfer distance in densely flowering populations. The marked SGS (Sp = 0.011–0.026) was similar to that reported in tropical trees, but might increase with augmented clonality as in many herbs, especially under more severe disturbance regimes.
Observed Racial Socialization and Maternal Positive Emotions in African American Mother–Adolescent Discussions About Racial Discrimination
Authors: Smith‐Bynum Mia A. , Anderson Riana E. , Davis BreAnna L. , Franco Marisa G. , English Devin 
Published: May 2016

This study examined patterns of (a) observed racial socialization messages in dyadic discussions between 111 African American mothers and adolescents (Mage = 15.50) and (b) mothers’ positive emotions displayed during the discussion. Mothers displayed more advocacy on behalf of their adolescents in response to discrimination by a White teacher than to discrimination by a White salesperson. Mothers displayed consistent emotional support of adolescents’ problem solving across both dilemmas but lower warmth in response to the salesperson dilemma. Findings illustrate evidence of the transactional nature of racial socialization when presented with adolescents’ racial dilemmas. The role of adolescent gender in mothers’ observed racial socialization responses is also discussed. A framework for a process‐oriented approach to racial socialization is presented.
Identification of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 in patients with isolated hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Sahoo Saroj K. , Zaidi Ghazala , Srivastava Rajni , Sarangi Aditya N. , Bharti Niharika , Eriksson Daniel , Bensing Sophie , Kämpe Olle , Aggarwal Amita , Aggarwal Rakesh , Bhatia Eesh 
Published: May 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe prevalence of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) among isolated hypoparathyroidism (HP) or primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is not well established. We studied the frequency of APS1 in patients with HP or PAI by measuring interferon‐α (IFN‐α) antibody levels, a highly sensitive and specific marker for APS1.Design, patients and measurementsIn a single‐centre cross‐sectional study, 37 Indian patients with isolated HP and 40 patients with PAI were tested for IFN‐α antibody using an indirect ELISA. In patients with elevated IFN‐α antibody, the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene was bidirectionally sequenced.ResultsThree (8·1%) patients with isolated HP had elevated IFN‐α antibody levels (range: 367–17382 units; positive titre >56 units). Homozygous or compound heterozygous AIRE mutations were detected in all three patients, including a novel mutation (p.T68P). All three APS1 patients had atypical features. The first patient, diagnosed at 7 years of age, died suddenly 5 months later. The second patient had late‐onset HP (at the age of 34 years) and a solitary episode of transient mucocutaneous candidiasis 5 years later. The final patient developed HP at the age of 14 years and premature ovarian insufficiency 14 years later. Interleukin‐22 antibodies, as well as most other organ‐specific antibodies, were absent in the 3 APS1 patients. All patients with PAI were negative for IFN‐α antibody.ConclusionEight percentage of patients with isolated HP had elevated IFN‐α antibody levels and AIRE mutation‐positive APS1. All APS1 patients had atypical clinical features. Testing for IFN‐α antibody should be considered in patients with idiopathic HP.
In vivo imaging of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Higuchi Makoto , Ji Bin , Maeda Jun , Sahara Naruhiko , Suhara Tetsuya 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDiverse neurological dementias show neuropathological features, such as deposition of abnormal protein aggregates, as exemplified by accumulation of amyloid‐beta peptide and tau proteins in Alzheimer's disease. These pathological changes are accompanied by activation of inflammatory microglia and astrocytes, which act on neurons either deleteriously or protectively. Several molecular markers including 18‐kDa translocator protein are known to be upregulated in aggressive microglia exerting neurotoxicity, and in vivo visualization of these components potentially contributes to assessments of the disease severity. Meanwhile, biological indicators for other microglial and astrocytic phenotypes are yet to be identified. Inflammatory microgliosis has also been found to have bidirectional mechanistic links to amyloid‐beta peptide and tau pathologies, and neurodegeneration, supporting the view that modifications of degenerative dementias will be enabled by optimizing immunotherapeutic approaches to neuroinflammation with the aid of imaging modalities targeting specific glial phenotypes.
Oral health‐related quality of life changes after placement of immediately loaded single implants in healed alveolar ridges or extraction sockets: a 5‐year prospective follow‐up study
Authors: Raes Stefanie , Raes Filiep , Cooper Lyndon , Giner Tarrida Luis , Vervaeke Stijn , Cosyn Jan , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe impact of single implants on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) is scarcely investigated, especially when combined with immediate placement and loading in extraction sockets. The aim was to describe prospectively the changes of OHRQoL with single implants placed in the esthetic zone in healed ridges or in extraction sockets after 5 years.Material and MethodsNinety‐six patients, enrolled at three clinical centers, received 102 single implants placed in a healed ridge (n = 54 implants/50 patients) or in extraction sockets (n = 48 implants/46 patients). Implants were immediately provisionalized, and permanent crowns were cemented after 12 weeks. Oral health impact profile questionnaires (OHIP‐14) were completed before surgery, after 1 (provisional crown), 6 (permanent crown), 12 and 60 months, respectively. The overall OHIP‐14 score pertains to seven domains with two items each and was assessed on a Likert scale of 0–4 (0 = never and 4 = very often). The evolution of the total OHIP‐14 score and changes within all OHIP domains over time and between groups were assessed with a linear mixed‐effect model analysis.ResultsAfter 5 years, overall implant survival was 98%. The total OHIP‐14 score for both groups combined decreased from 0.50 at baseline to 0.17 at 6 months (P < 0.001), indicative of improvement. For both groups, this remained stable up to 5 years (P = 0.41). However, after 5 years, the total OHIP‐14 score revealed a statistically significantly higher improvement in the healed group compared with the extraction group (P = 0.027).ConclusionMissing a single tooth in the maxillary esthetic zone leads to limited OHRQoL problems as reflected by a low overall OHIP score. However, OHRQoL improves less in the extraction group, reflecting that replacing a missing tooth is perceived as more beneficial than replacing a present tooth.
Pulmonary veins stenosis after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation as the cause of haemoptysis: three cases and a literature review
Authors: Zhang Guoxin , Yu Hu , Chen Liangan , Li Yuechuan , Liang Zhixin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundHaemoptysis is a common clinical symptom with a complicated aetiology. Patients usually visit pulmonologists initially and are misdiagnosed due to physician ignorance regarding the rare causes of haemoptysis.MethodsWe report three cases of haemoptysis due to pulmonary vein stenosis accompanied by catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation and review the related literature.ResultsThe three patients presented haemoptysis and they all had the history of catheter ablation. They received kinds of non‐invasive and invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Finally they were confirmed to have pulmonary vein stenosis by either pulmonary angiography or thorax computed tomography three‐dimensional reconstructions.ConclusionsHaemoptysis could be caused by pulmonary vein stenosis secondary to catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Doctors should be aware of this rare aetiology.
Labour Supply: The Roles of Human Capital and The Extensive Margin
Authors: Keane Michael P. , Wasi Nada 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We specify and estimate a life-cycle labour supply model that expands on earlier work by simultaneously including human capital accumulation, saving and bequests, an active extensive margin, a realistic specification of the progressive tax structure and the Social Security system, and an accounting for private pensions and health expenditures. By incorporating all these features, we develop new insights into how taxes affect life-cycle labour supply. For instance, we find that labour supply elasticities vary in important ways with age, education and the tax structure itself. We also show how human capital affects elasticities differently on the intensive versus extensive margins.
Detection of Helicobacter pylori by Real‐Time PCR for 16s rRNA in Stools of NonInfected Healthy Children, Using ELISA Antigen Stool Test as the Gold Standard
Authors: George Sergio , Mamani Nora , Lucero Yalda , Torres Juan Pablo , Farfán Mauricio , Lagomarcino Anne J , Orellana Andrea , O'Ryan Miguel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe previously detected Helicobacter pylori infection by stool antigen ELISA assay in 33‐41% of asymptomatic Chilean children between 2–3 years of age, of which 11–20% had a transient infection and 21–22% a persistent infection. A total of 88% of ELISA‐positive samples were also rtPCR positive, while 37/133 (33%) of ELISA‐negative stool samples were rtPCR positive. The significance of a ELISA‐negative/rtPCR‐positive sample requires clarification. We aimed to determine whether rtPCR is able to detect persistent infections not detected by ELISA.Materials and MethodsWe selected 36 children with an ELISA‐negative/rtPCR‐positive stool sample, of which 25 were never H. pylori infected according to ELISA, and 11 had a transient infection with an ELISA‐positive sample before or after the discordant sample. At least two additional consecutive ELISA‐negative samples per child were tested in duplicate by rtPCR for the 16s rRNA gene.ResultsA total of 14 of 78 (17.9%) rtPCR reactions were positive, but only 4/78 (5.1%) were positive in both duplicates, representing a total of 3/36 (8.3%) children with an additional rtPCR‐positive sample, only one of whom was persistently negative by ELISA. One child with a transient infection had two positive rtPCR reactions despite negative ELISA samples.ConclusionsIn H. pylori noninfected or transiently infected children, as determined by stool ELISA, additional ELISA‐negative/rtPCR‐positive stool samples were found in 8.3% of children, but a possible persistent infection was only identified in 2.7% of children. Thus, the characterization of infection dynamics in children is not being misrepresented by application of stool ELISA. Furthermore, rtPCR does not significantly improve dynamic characterization.
Innovative approaches to avoid electric shaving‐induced skin irritation
Authors: Rietzler M. , Maurer M. , Siebenhaar F. , Angelino S. , Handt J. , Burghardt R. , Smetana H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGlobally, millions of men regularly remove their facial hair using an electric shaver. Over the course of several decades, the concept of an electric shaver has evolved from a relatively simple hand‐powered apparatus to a technologically advanced device designed to provide the user with an optimum shaving experience. This requires a careful balance between robust removal of hair and skin comfort. By incorporating advanced scientific measurement and imaging technology into clinical testing, insights are being gained into skin comfort issues associated with hair removal practices. This study describes new research insights that have guided the development of electric shaving technology. These innovative features are designed to maximize hair removal and minimize the impact on skin health, thus enabling new levels of shaving efficacy and comfort to be attained.
Potential of lactic acid bacteria to improve the fermentation and quality of coffee during on‐farm processing
Authors: Pereira Gilberto Vinícius de Melo , de Carvalho Neto Dão Pedro , Medeiros Adriane Bianchi Pedroni , Soccol Vanete Thomaz , Neto Ensei , Woiciechowski Adenise Lorenci , Soccol Carlos Ricardo 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis study describes, for the first time, the potential use of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to conduct improved coffee bean fermentation during on‐farm wet processing. Among different strains tested, Lactobacillus plantarum LPBR01 showed a suitable production of organic acids and flavour‐active esters in a coffee‐pulp simulation medium and was used as starter culture under field conditions. The results indicated that L. plantarum LPBR01 was able to establish an accelerated coffee‐pulp acidification process and potentially reduced the fermentation time from 24 to 12 h. The inoculation of LPBR01 strain also increased significantly the formation of volatile aroma compounds during fermentation process (such as ethyl acetate, ethyl isobutyrate and acetaldehyde) and enabled the production of beverage with distinct sensory notes and a remarkable increase in quality compared to the conventional process. Our results suggest that the use of LAB in coffee processing is an ideal alternative way to conduct faster and improved coffee bean fermentation.
Grape juice obtained using steam extraction and other small‐scale extraction methods: phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and stability during storage
Authors: Mendes Lopes Maria Lucia , Miguel Marco Antonio Lemos , Fialho Eliane , Valente‐Mesquita Vera Lucia 
Published: May 2016

SummaryGrape juices made using small‐scale production techniques are widely consumed. The extraction procedures employed to produce them, however, can affect bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in the final product. In this study, juices prepared using four extraction methods (steam, extractor, juicer and blender) were evaluated for soluble and hydrolysable polyphenol content, total anthocyanin content, antioxidant capacity, physicochemical characteristics and colour. Acceptance of steam‐extracted juices and their stability during storage were also evaluated. Steam extraction resulted in a higher soluble phenolic (1073 ± 58 mg gallic acid L−1) and anthocyanin content (138 ± 22 mg cyanidin L−1), as well as a higher antioxidant capacity when compared to juices prepared using other methods. Although steam‐extracted juice remained microbiologically stable during 24 months of storage, changes in phytochemical compounds and antioxidant capacity did occur. Our results indicate that steam‐extracted grape juices have high commercial potential.
Testicular torsion–detorsion and potential therapeutic treatments: A possible role for ischemic postconditioning
Authors: Shimizu Shogo , Tsounapi Panagiota , Dimitriadis Fotios , Higashi Youichirou , Shimizu Takahiro , Saito Motoaki 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTesticular torsion is a common urological emergency among adolescent boys and young men. Rotation of the testis and twisting of the spermatic cord rapidly leads to ischemia, resulting in a loss of germ cells. Thus, prompt diagnosis and urgent surgical intervention are required, but the subsequent release of the torsion induces reperfusion injury, which causes further damage to the ischemic testis. Testicular torsion–detorsion (ischemia–reperfusion) injury triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, neutrophil recruitment, lipid peroxidation, anoxia and apoptosis, which carry a significant risk of subsequent infertility. Previously, the effects of numerous pharmacological agents and treatments have been evaluated to prevent testicular ischemia–reperfusion injury in animal models. We propose a new treatment, especially postconditioning, to prevent adverse effects of ischemia–reperfusion injury after testicular torsion–detorsion.