bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The acute effects of bodyweight suspension exercise on muscle activation and muscular fatigue
Authors: Cayot Trent E. , Lauver Jakob D. , Scheuermann Barry W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis investigation examined effects of two exercise modes (barbell, BB; bodyweight suspension, BWS) on muscle activation, resistance load, and fatigue. During session one, nine resistance‐trained males completed an elbow flexion one‐repetition maximum (1RM). During sessions two and three, subjects completed standing biceps curls to fatigue at 70% 1RM utilizing a randomized exercise mode. Surface electromyography (sEMG) recorded muscle activation of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid, rectus abdominis, and erector spinae. BWS resistance load was measured using a force transducer. Standing maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the elbow flexors recorded at 90° were used to determine the isometric force decrement and rate of fatigue (ROF) during exercise. sEMG and resistance load data were divided into 25% contraction duration bins throughout the concentric phase. BWS resulted in a 67.7 ± 7.4% decline in resistance load throughout the concentric phase (p ≤ 0.05). As a result, BB elicited higher mean resistance loads (31.4 ± 4.0 kg) and biceps brachii sEMG (84.7 ± 27.8% maximal voluntary isometric contractions, MVIC) compared with BWS (20.4 ± 3.4 kg, 63.4 ± 21.6% MVIC). No difference in rectus abdominis or erector spinae sEMG was detected between exercise modes. Isometric force decrement was greater during BWS (−21.7 ± 7.0 kg) compared with BB (−14.9 ± 4.7 kg); however, BB (−3.0 ± 0.8 kg/set) resulted in a steeper decline in ROF compared with BWS (−1.7 ± 0.6 kg/set). The variable resistance loading and greater isometric force decrement observed suggest that select BWS exercises may resemble variable resistance exercise more than previously considered.
ResistoMap—online visualization of human gut microbiota antibiotic resistome
Authors: Yarygin Konstantin S , Kovarsky Boris A , Bibikova Tatyana S , Melnikov Damir S , Tyakht Alexander V , Alexeev Dmitry G 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We created ResistoMap—a Web-based interactive visualization of the presence of genetic determinants conferring resistance to antibiotics, biocides and heavy metals in human gut microbiota. ResistoMap displays the data on more than 1500 published gut metagenomes of world populations including both healthy subjects and patients. Multiparameter display filters allow visual assessment of the associations between the meta-data and proportions of resistome. The geographic map navigation layer allows to state hypotheses regarding the global trends of antibiotic resistance and correlates the gut resistome variations with the national clinical guidelines on antibiotics application.

Availability and Implementation
ResistoMap was implemented using AngularJS, CoffeeScript, D3.js and TopoJSON. The tool is publicly available at http://resistomap.rcpcm.org.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Reflections on technology and science in fishery research
Authors: MacLennan David N. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In the latter part of the 20th century, fishery research expanded from its original biological base to include new areas, notably investigations of fishing-gear performance and fish-detection by sonar. The past 50 years have seen huge advances in technology and the combination of physical and biological insights in fishery research. Fishing-gear investigations initially focussed on the economics of commercial fishing, but in the 1970s energy consumption in fishing became a major issue. Thereafter, the objectives changed to support for fishery management through gear innovations and research, giving a better understanding of exploitation patterns. During this period, fishery acoustics advanced from crude beginnings in the 1960s to the powerful stock-assessment tool it is today. Progress in these fields has depended on multi-disciplinary research involving both the physical and biological sciences. There have been failures along the way, but there is now good understanding of how technology as well as science can make a positive contribution to fishery management. This essay describes these developments as seen from my personal involvement over the past half century. It concludes with some pointers to the future, and practical advice to young researchers considering a career in fishery research.
New quantitative nitrogen abundance estimations in a sample of Seyfert 2 active galactic nuclei
Authors: Dors Jr. O. L. , Arellano-Córdova K. Z. , Cardaci M. V. , Hägele G. F. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We obtained new quantitative determinations of the nitrogen abundance and a consistent relation between the nitrogen and oxygen abundances for a sample of Seyfert 2 galaxies located at redshift z &lt; 0.1. We carried out this analysis using the cloudy code to build detailed photoionization models. We were able to reproduce observed optical narrow emission line intensities for 44 sources compiled from the literature. Our results show that Seyfert 2 nuclei have nitrogen abundances ranging from ∼0.3 to ∼7.5 times the solar value. We derived the relation log (N/H) = 1.05( ± 0.09) × [log (O/H)] − 0.35( ± 0.33). Results for N/O versus O/H abundance ratios derived for Seyfert 2 galaxies are in consonance with those recently derived for a sample of extragalactic disc H ii regions with high metallicity.
First evidence of external disc photoevaporation in a low mass star forming region: the case of IM Lup
Authors: Haworth Thomas J. , Facchini Stefano , Clarke Cathie J. , Cleeves L. Ilsedore 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We model the radiatively driven flow from IM Lup – a large protoplanetary disc expected to be irradiated by only a weak external radiation field (at least 104 times lower than the ultraviolet field irradiating the Orion Nebula Cluster proplyds). We find that material at large radii (&gt;400 au) in this disc is sufficiently weakly gravitationally bound that significant mass-loss can be induced. Given the estimated values of the disc mass and accretion rate, the viscous time-scale is long (∼10 Myr) so the main evolutionary behaviour for the first Myr of the disc's lifetime is truncation of the disc by photoevaporation, with only modest changes effected by viscosity. We also produce approximate synthetic observations of our models, finding substantial emission from the flow that can explain the CO halo observed about IM Lup out to ≥1000 au. Solutions that are consistent with the extent of the observed CO emission generally imply that IM Lup is still in the process of having its disc outer radius truncated. We conclude that IM Lup is subject to substantial external photoevaporation, which raises the more general possibility that external irradiation of the largest discs can be of significant importance even in low mass star forming regions.
Functional Characterization of the Morpheus Gene Family
Authors: Bekpen Cemalettin , Baker Carl , Hebert Michael D. , Sahin H. Bahar , Johnson Matthew E. , Celik Arzu , Mullikin James C. ,   NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, Eichler Evan E. 
Published: March 2017

DATA ACCESSThe cDNA sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database (accession numbers):KF175165-KF175225and BACs accession numbers that are used in this study:AC148621,AC190226,AC097327,AC097332,AC190226,AC097333,AC145401,AC187943,AC166855,AC166597,AC167295,AC235773,AC202644, andAC234805.ABSTRACTThe burst of segmental duplications during human and great ape evolution focuses on a set of “core” duplicons encoding great-ape-specific gene families. Characterization of these gene families is complicated by their high copy number, incomplete sequence, and polymorphic nature. We investigate the structure, transcriptional diversity, and protein localization of the nuclear pore complex-interacting protein (NPIP) orMorpheusgene family. The corresponding core, LCRA, encodes one of the most rapidly evolving genes in the human genome; LCRA has expanded to ~20 copies from a single ancestral locus in Old World monkey and is associated with most of the recurrent chromosome 16 microdeletions implicated in autism and mental retardation. Phylogenetic analysis and cDNA sequencing suggest two distinct subfamilies or subtypes,NPIPAandNPIPB.The latter expanded recently within the great apes due to a series of structural changes within the canonical gene structure. Among Old World monkey, we observe a testis-specific pattern of expression that contrasts with the ubiquitous pattern observed among human tissues. This change in the expression profile coincides with the structural events that reshaped the structure and organization of the gene family. Most of the expressed human copies are capable of producing an open reading frame. Immunofluorescence analyses of the morpheus genes showed a primary localization to both the nucleus and its periphery. We show that morpheus genes may be upregulated upon pI:C treatment and find evidence of human autoantibodies produced against the NPIPB protein, raising the possibility that morpheus genes may be related to immune- or autoimmune-related function.
Intrinsic Hippocampal-Caudate Interaction Correlates with Human Navigation
Authors: Kong Xiang-Zhen , Pu Yi , Wang Xu , Xu Shan , Hao Xin , Zhen Zonglei , Liu Jia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIt has been indicated that both egocentric and allocentric representation systems exist in parallel, and combine to support spatial navigation according to the task. Identifying the neuronal mechanisms and functional roles of the interactions between the two systems promises to provide new insights into the organization of human navigation network. Here we combined resting-state fMRI and behavioral tasks to investigate how the core structures of these systems (i.e., hippocampus and caudate) functionally interact, and further examined their behavioral relevance in navigation in healthy young adults (N = 190). We found a slightly positive connectivity between the hippocampus and caudate (especially in good navigators), suggesting an effective hippocampal-caudate cross talk, which may facilitate the functional integration of the two systems. Interestingly, the hippocampal-caudate interaction correlated with better self-reported navigation ability. Moreover, using an extra 3D pointing task in virtual reality, we found that individual’s behavioral performance could be largely predicted by the hippocampal-caudate interactions. Overall, our study demonstrated the intrinsic interaction between two representation systems of the navigation network and its functional roles in behaviors, and further study on dynamic interaction would help us understand better their role in normal aging and psychiatric disorders.
T-bet+CD11c+B cells are critical for anti-chromatin IgG production in the development of lupus
Authors: Liu Ya , Zhou Shiyu , Qian Jie , Wang Yan , Yu Xiang , Dai Dai , Dai Min , Wu Lingling , Liao Zhuojun , Xue Zhixin , Wang Jiehua , Hou Guojun , Ma Jianyang , Harley John B. , Tang Yuanjia , Shen Nan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus is high titers of circulating autoantibody. A novel CD11c+B cell subset has been identified that is critical for the development of autoimmunity. However, the role of CD11c+B cells in the development of lupus is unclear. Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a lupus-like syndrome with great autoantibody production. In the present study we investigated the role of CD11c+B cells in the pathogenesis of lupus in the cGVHD model. Here, we found the percentage and absolute number of CD11c+B cells and titer of sera anti-chromatin IgG and IgG2a antibody were increased in cGVHD mice. CD11c+plasma cells from cGVHD mice produced large amounts of anti-chromatin IgG2a upon stimulation. Depletion of CD11c+B cells reduced anti-chromatin IgG and IgG2a production. T-bet expression was further shown to be upregulated in CD11c+B cells. Knockout of T-bet in B cells alleviated cGVHD. The percentage of T-bet+CD11c+B cells was elevated in lupus patients and positively correlated with serum anti-chromatin levels. Our findings suggest T-bet+CD11c+B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus and provides potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Aurora Textile Company
Authors: Eades Kenneth M. , Doe Lucas 
Published: March 2017

This case asks the student to decide whether Aurora Textile Company can create value by upgrading its spinning machine to produce higher-quality yarn that sells for a higher margin. Cost information allows the student to produce cash-flow projections for both the existing spinning machine and the new machine. The cash flows have many different cost components, including depreciation, the number of days of cotton inventory, and the liability costs associated with returns from retailers. The cost of capital is specified in order to simplify the analysis. The analysis has added complexity, however, owing to the troubled financial condition of both the company and the U.S. textile industry, which is in decline as manufacturers migrate to Asia to benefit from lower manufacturing costs. This begs the question whether management should invest in a declining business or harvest the company by paying out all profits as a dividend to the owners. The case is suitable for students just beginning to learn finance principles, but is also rich enough to use with experienced students and executives. The primary learning points are as follows:

The basics of incremental-cash-flow analysis: identifying the cash flows relevant to a capital-investment decision
The construction of a side-by-side discounted-cash-flow analysis for a replacement decision
How to adapt the NPV decision rule to a troubled or dying industry
The effect of financial distress on the NPV calculation
The importance of sensitivity analysis to a capital-investment decision
Husk Power Systems: Financing Expansion
Authors: Loutskina Elena , Sinha Manoj , Ransler Chip 
Published: March 2017

Husk Power Systems, a young but widely celebrated firm based in India, needs $1.5 million to $2.5 million of expansion capital to grow quickly beyond the small footprint it had established in northeast India. It was a successful green-energy enterprise that aimed to provide electricity to millions of rural Indians in a financially viable way. With 10 “mini power plants” that used rice husks as a fuel source and a presence in 25 isolated Indian villages as of April 2009, the company's goal was to reach 350,000 to 400,000 consumers in 400 villages by the end of 2011. It was offered a convertible-note financing structure by a cleantech private equity firm and needed to assess whether it suited the company's and founders' interests.This case was designed for and is used in Darden's Entrepreneurial Finance and Private Equity elective. With less of a focus on the financials, the Husk case has also been used in other Darden courses such as Social Entrepreneurship and Global Economies and Markets in a module focusing on emerging markets.
Netflix, Inc.: The Customer Strikes Back
Authors: Venkatesan Rajkumar , Shively Daniel 
Published: March 2017

“This case is an updated version of ““Netflix Inc.: DVD Wars”” (UVA-M-0763), and was written as a replacement for it.A financial analyst is asked to appraise the value of Netflix's stock at a time of unprecedented turmoil for the company. This case introduces customer lifetime value (CLV) as a useful metric for subscription-based businesses.”
Taking a Mexican Company Global—The CEMEX Way
Authors: Venkataraman S. , Allayannis George (Yiorgos) , Yemen Gerry 
Published: March 2017

“Suitable for MBA, Executive MBA, GEMBA, and executive education programs, this case uses CEMEX, a global cement producer based in Mexico, to set the stage for unfolding an analysis of a growth through acquisition strategy. It offers a discussion about the firm's overall strategy to acquire on a global scale instead of growing organically and provides an opportunity to introduce basic financial, marketing, and operational terms that can be explored in subsequent classes. The material includes a PMI process that further allows discussion on that technique.The case opens with a conference call and another barrage of questions for CEO Lorenzo Zambrano about his bid to buy the Australia-based Rinker Group in October 2006. Until this point, CEMEX has had a long-standing habit of buying businesses in emerging markets; this acquisition would be a departure from that strategy. If the deal goes through, it would be the single largest acquisition in CEMEX's history, and it would be among its few forays into a developed market other than the neighboring United States. The company has grown exponentially and successfully. Why would this effort be any different? Was the acquisition a good idea or not? And if it was, how would Zambrano and his leadership team convince Wall Street and others of that?”
A&D High Tech (A): Managing Projects for Success
Authors: Jeffery Mark , Yung Derek , Gershbeyn Alex 
Published: March 2017

The case is based on a real $25 million project at a major U.S.-based computer manufacturer. For confidentiality reasons the company has been disguised as A&D High Tech. The Web-based online ordering system project is required by sales and marketing for the fall holiday season. If the project misses this window, the firm will lose substantial market share to competitors. The A&D High Tech case examines how to create and analyze a project plan in Microsoft Project. Specifically, data is given to build the project plan step-by-step and then analyze the plan using the Microsoft project management tool. In order to make the case manageable for students we reduced the size of the project, and corresponding number of resources, to approximately $1 million, but retained all of the features of the original project. The project plan that students construct from the data given in the case is fraught with risks, and students must apply risk management techniques to diagnose the plan. Ultimately, students must answer the management question: Will the project be completed for the holiday shopping season? This case is the first in a series; the second is the case entitled “A&D High Tech (B): Managing Scope Change.” The case can also be taught using other project management software tools, such as Primavera.The case teaches students how to build a project plan in Microsoft Project (or other project management software tools). More important, the case teaches prospective executives how to analyze a project plan and identify risks of the plan, and define strategies to mitigate these risks. Students learn that in the planning stage of any project the risks are highest, but this is the best opportunity for proactive management intervention.
A&D High Tech (B): Managing Scope Change
Authors: Jeffery Mark , Yung Derek , Gershbeyn Alex 
Published: March 2017

The case is based on a real $25 million project at a major U.S.-based computer manufacturer. For confidentiality reasons the company has been disguised as A&D High Tech. The Web-based online ordering system project is required by sales and marketing for the fall holiday season. If the project misses this window, the firm will lose substantial market share to competitors. Part (B) takes place three months into the original project plan. The project manager has just been fired and the management challenge is to find out what is wrong with the project and recommend fixes. In addition, the scope of the project has changed: the VP of marketing has an additional promotional bundle requirement. A&D High Tech (A) examines how to create and analyze a project plan in Microsoft Project. In order to make the case manageable for students we reduced the size of the project, and corresponding number of resources, to approximately $1 million, but retained all of the features of the original project. Part (B) gives actual work done on each task three months into the project. Students must answer the management questions: Can the project be fixed and completed in time for the holiday season? Can the additional requirements be incorporated, and if so, what is the best approach? In order to answer these questions, earned value data can be extracted from Microsoft Project and analyzed. These data provide important insights into the root cause of problems with the project. The next step is to reduce the scope of the project and reassign resources. However, one must be aware that indiscriminately adding people can slow a project down, not speed it up. Finally, the additional promotional bundle requirement from the VP of marketing provides an important outsourcing management discussion. The case can also be taught using other project management software tools, such as Primavera.The case teaches students how to analyze a project in trouble using Microsoft Project (or other project management software tool). More important, the case teaches prospective executives how to manage a project in trouble by first accurately diagnosing the problems, then reducing scope where necessary, and finally replanning the project with reallocated resources. In addition, students will learn the tradeoffs of outsourcing to highly specialized professionals vs. average contractors.
California Power Crisis
Authors: Al-Najjar Nabil , Besanko David , Nag Amit 
Published: March 2017

Between May 2000 and January 2001, the recently deregulated electricity market in the state of California experienced what many commentators have characterized as a meltdown. Over that period, wholesale electricity prices increased over 500%, power emergencies and the threat of rolling blackouts became daily occurrences, and the state's largest investor-owned utility was thrust into bankruptcy. Details California's attempt to deregulate its wholesale and retail electricity markets.To identify the drivers of increases in the wholesale price of electricity in California and to provide an opportunity to diagnose the causes of California's crisis.
Convertible Bonds of Countrywide Financial Corporation
Authors: Jagannathan Ravi , Da Zhi 
Published: March 2017

On October 22, 2004, junior trader Mary Lucas was browsing through the recent trading activities of a few convertible bonds the firm held. First Convergence Inc. was a hedge fund specializing in convertible arbitrage founded by three Wall Street traders in 2002. Prior to starting at the firm, she had known little about convertible bonds. Now she stayed late almost every day in order to learn as much about the business as possible. Suddenly, she noticed something unusual about the trading of a convertible bond issued by Countrywide Financial Corporation (NYSE:CFC). Although the average daily trading volume on this bond had been only three thousand during the previous month, it had shot up to fifty thousand in the last three days. Lucas remembered this particular bond. In fact, First Convergence was actually holding a slightly different convertible bond (known as the liquid yield option note or LYON) issued by the same company. On August 20, Countrywide had offered to exchange the new convertible bond for the original LYON. First Convergence had accepted the exchange offer, thus ending up with the new convertible bond. At that time, Lucas was asked to help evaluate the offer, so she was familiar with the features of both bonds. “What's happening?” she asked herself. She quickly checked the recent price movement on Countrywide's stock. The stock had plunged 11.5 percent on Wednesday, October 20, after the company announced earnings below analysts' expectations. On the same day, trading on the convertible shot up. These two events must be related. But how? Is there a potential investment opportunity?Understanding various features of a convertible bond; identifying and exploiting an arbitrage opportunity