bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ‘secret’ of success part 1
Authors: Busby Mike 
Published: August 2017

Practice success is defined across the four ‘dimensions’ of oral health, patient satisfaction, job satisfaction and financial profit. It is suggested that the ‘secret’ of success in dental practice is to make patient (customer) satisfaction the primary focus. Not a very earth shattering or surprising ‘secret’ perhaps! This is hardly a new idea, and not a concept restricted to dental practice. This principle applies to all businesses. This series of articles reviews evidence from across a broad spectrum of publications: from populist business publications through to refereed scientific papers, this ‘secret’ seems to be confirmed. The evidence for which aspects of our service are most important in achieving patient satisfaction (and therefore success) is explored. Clinical Relevance: Good oral health outcomes for patients are defined as the primary purpose of dental practice and, therefore, an essential dimension of success. The link between positive patient perceptions of general care and their own oral health to practice success is explored.
Routine and emergency management guidelines for the dental patient with renal disease and kidney transplant part 2
Authors: Saif Imran , Adkins Angela , Kewley Victoria , Woywodt Alexander , Brookes Vanita 
Published: August 2017

Aimed at the practitioner in Special Care Dentistry, this is the second article in a two-part series providing guidelines on the dental management of renal patients. Dentists working in Special Care Dentistry will frequently be called upon to manage dialysis patients, whether pre- or post-transplant. The following paper deals with guidance as to the assessment, work-up and management of such patients when undergoing specialist dental treatment. The key to safe treatment is careful assessment, discussion and planning with the relevant team members. Clinical Relevance: This paper provides guidance to the special care dentist for the dental management of patients with renal disease, and highlights issues in patients who are either on dialysis or have a kidney transplant.
Coming to a practice near you? community-acquired meticillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa)
Authors: O’Leary Emer , Lockhart Deborah EA , Smith Andrew 
Published: August 2017

Hospital-acquired meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) arose in the 1960s, but the last decade saw the emergence of a new entity: community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). Unlike HA-MRSA, patients affected by CA-MRSA have no obvious risk factors and may present with recurrent skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) or, rarely, severe necrotizing pneumonia. This article provides an overview of CA-MRSA and reinforces the standard infection control procedures required to prevent further spread. Clinical Relevance: The dental team require an awareness of emerging infections, their relevance to dentistry and the infection control procedures necessary to prevent transmission.
Coronectomy of third molar: a reduced risk technique for inferior alveolar nerve damage
Authors: Ahmed Chkoura , Wafae El Wady , Bouchra Taleb 
Published: August 2017

Causing damage to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) when extracting lower third molars is due to the intimate relationship between the nerve and the roots of the teeth. When the proximity radiologic markers between the IAN and the root of the third molars are present, the technique of coronectomy can be proposed as an alternative to extraction to minimize the risk of nerve injury, with minimal complications. Clinical Relevance: Nerve injury after the extraction of the mandibular third molar is a serious complication. The technique of coronectomy can be proposed to minimize the risk.
Clinical procedures to avoid the ‘dark halo’ in restorations with direct composite resins
Authors: Heller Al 
Published: August 2017

The ‘dark halo’ present in the enamel surrounding anterior composite restorations spoils the appearance of the restoration and is very difficult to control. This article offers an explanation for its causes and proposes clinical solutions. The behaviour of the transmitted light may be handled through the use of an ‘internal mirror’ made with a shade of opaque white composite resin and through the right choice of the enamel shade, seeking sufficient diffusion of the light. Another innovative concept is that of ‘chroma balance’, which may be generally achieved through the use of more or less intensive dentine shades, different from the one which was originally chosen. Clinical Relevance: From study of the behaviour of light in bodies, and especially in teeth and restorations, it may be possible to find the cause of the ‘dark halo’ effect, which relates to the optical property called the ‘destructive interference of the light’.
Splinting – when and how?
Authors: Rao Arathi , Rao Ashwini , Shenoy Ramya 
Published: August 2017

The prognosis of a tooth following trauma is critical. This depends on various factors, including the type of splint used for immobilization and the immobilization period. This article discusses the above factors with an added note on splint removal. Clinical Relevance: This article is relevant for clinicians who treat traumatic injuries as it should help them to decide on the type of splint to be used and the period of immobilization.
Caries and the older patient
Authors: da Mata Cristiane , McKenna Gerald , Burke Francis M 
Published: August 2017

Ageing of the population, together with prolonged retention of teeth, has brought new challenges to dentistry. Whereas in the past oral care for the elderly was restricted to provision of dentures, older patients are now presenting with dental caries and failed restorations. These problems may have an impact on their general health and quality of life. Poor oral hygiene, xerostomia and diet are among the risk factors for caries in older patients and need to be addressed in order to achieve control of the disease. Carious lesions can be treated conservatively in many cases or may need surgical management. Clinical Relevance: Caries is an oral health issue among older patients and can result in tooth loss. Oral health has a great impact on general health and quality of life of elderly people.
Allergy to local anaesthetic agents used in dentistry – what are the signs, symptoms, alternative diagnoses and management options?
Authors: Henderson Simone 
Published: August 2017

This paper addresses the signs and symptoms of local anaesthetic hypersensitivity, differential diagnoses and the management of a patient with suspected allergy to local anaesthetics. Clinical Relevance: While allergy to anaesthetic is rare, knowledge of other causes of similar symptoms is important.
Aggressive periodontitis: how does an understanding of the pathogenesis affect treatment?
Authors: Alani Aws , Seymour Robin 
Published: August 2017

Aggressive periodontitis is a relatively rare periodontal condition that can result in significant attachment loss over a short period of time. As the disease is difficult to manage, owing to its rapid progression and severity, a variety of adjuncts have been advocated in its management. The authors outline concepts of the aetiology and pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis and how the different treatment regimens relate to the current understanding of the disease process. Clinical Relevance: There is a wide variety of treatment regimens advocated for the treatment of aggressive periodontitis. General dental practitioners and specialists should be aware of the relative advantages and disadvantages of these and how they relate to the disease process.
Multiple supernumerary teeth without any associated systemic condition or syndrome: a case report
Authors: Baysan Aylin , Djemal Serpil 
Published: August 2017

A 49-year-old Black African male, originally of Nigerian origin, was referred by his dentist regarding a bad taste in the mouth. He was seen in a general restorative clinic at Barts and the London NHS Trust. Clinical examination did not reveal any relevant abnormalities. A panoramic tomography, however, showed the presence of multiple supernumerary teeth, which were located in the maxillary right and left premolar and molar regions, and the mandibular left premolar region. The family's history was non-contributory. The patient was unaware of the supernumerary teeth and, as far as he knew, there were no other members of his family with a similar problem. Clinical Relevance: A decision regarding the appropriate management of supernumerary teeth should be considered carefully since surgical removal of the teeth may cause damage to adjacent structures, including bone. In this respect, it is interesting and rare to find multiple supernumerary teeth in individuals with no other associated diseases or syndromes elucidated by clinical and historical enquiry.
Minimally invasive cosmetic dentistry: alignment, bleaching and bonding (abb)
Authors: Qureshi Tif 
Published: August 2017

This article will outline how combining existing techniques in a new and unique manner can potentially redefine the traditional approach to smile design planning and execution. Alignment, tooth whitening and edge bonding with new highly polishable nano-hybrid composites can make cosmetic dentistry far simpler and less invasive. Patients' perceptions of their end smile result can change dramatically if they are allowed to see their teeth improve gradually. Clinical Relevance: This technique will highlight a choice of pathways available in cosmetic dentistry making it much less invasive for the patient and less risky for dentists.
Advances in light-curing units: four generations of led lights and clinical implications for optimizing their use: part 2. from present to future
Authors: Shortall AC , Palin WM , Jacquot B , Pelissier B 
Published: August 2017

The first part of this series of two described the history of light curing in dentistry and developments in LED lights since their introduction over 20 years ago. Current second- and third-generation LED light units have progressively replaced their halogen lamp predecessors because of their inherent advantages. The background to this, together with the clinical issues relating to light curing and the possible solutions, are outlined in the second part of this article. Finally, the innovative features of what may be seen as the first of a new fourth-generation of LED lights are described and guidance is given for the practitioner on what factors to consider when seeking to purchase a new LED light activation unit. Clinical Relevance: Adequate curing in depth is fundamental to clinical success with any light-activated restoration. To achieve this goal predictably, an appropriate light source needs to be combined with materials knowledge, requisite clinical skills and attention to detail throughout the entire restoration process. As dentists increasingly use light-cured direct composites to restore large posterior restorations they need to appreciate the issues central to effective and efficient light curing and to know what to look for when seeking to purchase a new light-curing unit.
Contemporary denture base resins: part 1
Authors: Rickman L J , Padipatvuthikul P , Satterthwaite J D 
Published: August 2017

Provision of partial and complete dentures constructed from resin is commonplace and a satisfactory outcome requires the consideration of the properties of the resin, the oral tissues and prosthodontic principles. Conventional acrylic resin has been widely adopted as a popular denture base material since the 1930s. In this first of a two-part series, the benefits and shortcomings of acrylic resin are discussed alongside contemporary ‘enhancements’ to the material which can improve its properties. In the second part of the series, flexible and other alternative denture base resins, soft-linings, adverse effects of denture base materials and maintenance will be discussed. Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of contemporary denture base resin systems will help to achieve optimal outcomes in removable prosthodontics.
Silicone impression materials and latex gloves. is interaction fact or fallacy?
Authors: Walid Yaman , Al-Ani Ziad , Gray Robin 
Published: August 2017

This review will explore the mechanism of delayed setting and inhibition of polyvinyl siloxane impression material by latex and examine the evidence for and against this phenomenon. Clinical implications are discussed and recommendations for clinical practice made. Clinical Relevance: The production of accurate polyvinyl siloxane impressions in the fabrication of indirect restorations/prostheses is vital for a good clinical outcome.
Clinical audit – process and outcome for improved clinical practice
Authors: Buth Shabana , D'Cruz Len 
Published: August 2017

Audit is a key aspect of everyday clinical care and essential for the safe as well as efficient functioning of any clinical environment. This applies to clinical care both within primary practice and secondary care within a hospital environment. The undertaking of an audit allows the clinician to analyse his or her own clinical practice in relation to current guidance or ‘gold standard’ parameters to enable best practice within all aspects of patient care to be implemented. This paper aims to explore the origins and importance of clinical audit as well as the various processes involved in undertaking it successfully. Clinical Relevance: This article will enable clinicians to understand the importance of audit and how to incorporate it into their everyday practice.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Ryan Paul L , Piper Kim M , Hughes Francis J 
Published: August 2017

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare clonal neoplastic disorder of unknown aetiology which can present with a diverse range of clinical presentations. It encompasses a diverse number of idiopathic conditions which can involve multiple body systems and is characterized by bone marrow-derived Langerhans cell proliferation. The disease can affect multiple body systems and lesions can be solitary or widespread. We present a case of a multifocal eosinophilic granuloma (LCH) in a young adult female with clinical signs and symptoms similar to aggressive periodontitis. Clinical Relevance: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease which can have a similar clinical presentation to aggressive periodontitis.
Ionizing radiation regulations and the dental practitioner: 2. regulations for the use of x-rays in dentistry
Authors: Rout John , Brown Jackie 
Published: August 2017

The first article in this series covered radiation hazards and protection. To minimize the potential harmful effects of X-rays, legislation has been introduced by a number of countries including the European Union. Clinical Relevance: This article describes some of the aspects of the regulations governing the use of ionizing radiation in the United Kingdom as it affects dental radiography and is not intended to be a comprehensive account of the legislation.
Prosthodontic rehabilitation of patients with orofacial defects
Authors: Benington Ian C , Burnett C Andrew , Clifford Tom J 
Published: August 2017

In 2007 in the UK, 5410 people were diagnosed with an oral cancer. It is therefore imperative that all dentists, medical practitioners and dental care practitioners are vigilant when examining the oral cavity so that any suspicious ulcers, swellings or changes in colour of the mucosa are referred at the earliest stage. To give the patient the best prognosis with an orofacial defect following tumour removal or trauma, it is most important to have the appropriate skills in a multidisciplinary team. The management of patients comprises pre-surgical, surgical and post-surgical phases. Clinical Relevance: The management of patients and clinical techniques described have proved to provide satisfactory outcomes for patients with orofacial defects.
Gingival enlargement and mesiodens associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis: a case report
Authors: Ramachandra Srinivas Sulugodu , Hegde Manjunath , Prasad Umesh Chandra 
Published: August 2017

This case report describes the management of an 18-year-old female who presented with generalized aggressive periodontitis, gingival enlargement and a mesiodens. Diagnosis for aggressive periodontitis was determined based on history, clinical findings and radiographic examination. Treatment included oral prophylaxis, extraction of the mesiodens and elimination of infectious micro-organisms, using a combination of surgical intervention and antimicrobial therapy with long-term maintenance. Clinical Relevance: Presence of gingival enlargement in cases of aggressive periodontitis may be clinically confusing; hence, the diagnosis should always be based on the patient's history as well as the clinical and radiographic findings.
Periodontal diseases in children and adolescents: a clinician's perspective part 1
Authors: Masamatti Sujata Surendra , Kumar Ashish , Virdi Mandeep Singh 
Published: August 2017

Contrasting forms of periodontal disease can affect children and adolescents with varying prevalence, severity and extent, leading to a diverse prognosis in these age groups. For an early diagnosis and treatment of periodontal conditions in young patients, it is essential for the dental practitioner to be able to identify and classify the disease correctly at the earliest opportunity, applying basic principles along with understanding of aetiology and risk factors. The first part of this article discusses the classification, plaque-induced and non-plaque-induced gingival diseases, localized and generalized forms of chronic, as well as aggressive, periodontitis. Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of different forms of periodontal diseases affecting children and adolescents may help to distinguish between different forms of diseases and have value in screening and early diagnosis of the disease.
Salivary biomarkers – an update
Authors: Shankar Akhil Anilkumar , Dandekar Rishikesh Chandrasen 
Published: August 2017

Saliva is the most easily available and accessible body fluid, which makes it one of the most sought after tools in diagnostic pathology. Markers expressed in saliva can be used for diagnosis and concurrent patient follow-up of diseases ranging from hereditary disorders to infections, as well as malignancies and also analysis of therapeutic levels of drugs. The emergence of hand-held devices has made possible the elucidation of point-of-care methods and research in the field has resulted in the assimilation of knowledge useful for clinical applications. Clinical Relevance: This article describes some of the latest research in saliva diagnostics and provides some information on the various hand-held devices available.
The vine trust's amazon hope boats – providing a dental service on the amazon
Authors: Mason Shona MC 
Published: August 2017

The Vine Trust's Amazon Hope Project is a medical and dental programme providing healthcare to communities along the Amazon River in Peru. Volunteers from the UK and other countries work alongside Peruvian staff employed by their partner organization, Union Biblica del Peru, to provide a health service from a boat which serves communities on several tributaries who otherwise would have no other access to care. The dental programme involves a basic restorative and extraction service, with scope to develop a preventive programme. Clinical Relevance: Dentists' and DCPs' skills are transferable globally: this article illustrates how one volunteer dental project is working to provide relevant and sustainable dental health care in the Amazon jungle.
Calcific metamorphosis. literature review and clinical strategies
Authors: Malhotra Neeraj , Mala Kundabala 
Published: August 2017

Calcific metamorphosis (CM) is a commonly observed phenomenon following traumatic injuries like concussion, subluxation and luxation. Depending on the severity of the injury and the developmental stage of the tooth, there can be either complete or partial obliteration of root canals. However, histologically, there is always persistence of fine residual filaments of pulp tissue or tracts of organic material without the presence of any inflammatory component. A periodic clinical and radiographic follow-up examination is preferred and usually, for cosmetic reasons, only a conservative aesthetic treatment is required. Endodontic treatment is only advocated if there is development of apical periodontitis and, if executed properly, can be highly successful. Clinical Relevance: Appropriate management of calcific metamorphosis can present a clinical dilemma to the clinician. Thus a judicious and prudent decision should be made between endodontic intervention for the involved tooth and other available restorative (and/or aesthetic) treatment options.
An introduction to single implant abutments
Authors: Warreth Abdulhadi , Fesharaki Hamed , McConville Ryan , McReynolds David 
Published: August 2017

This article is an introduction to single implant abutments and aims to provide basic information about abutments which are essential for all dental personnel who are involved in dental implantology. Clinical Relevance: This article provides a basic knowledge of implants and implant abutments which are of paramount importance, as replacement of missing teeth with oral implants has become a well-established clinical procedure.
Advice and guidance on the admissions process to uk dental schools
Authors: McAndrew Robert , Salem-Rahemi Morva 
Published: August 2017

Students looking to read dentistry can be overwhelmed by the information and requirements presented to them by dental schools, career advisors and the printed literature. In the UK, there are currently 16 dental schools which provide a dentistry degree. While there are variations in the specific aspects of the dental courses at each school, there are common principles and generic application requirements that apply. This paper provides a guide to facilitate applications and inform potential students, career advisors and dentists. The information presented has been gathered from UK dental school websites and university prospectuses and corroborated through contact with university admissions offices. Clinical Relevance: This paper is relevant to dental practitioners who are often asked to provide advice on applications to dental schools by potential students.
Contemporary management of generalized erosive tooth surface loss
Authors: Patel Mital , Seymour David , Chan Martin F W-Y 
Published: August 2017

Management of generalized erosive tooth surface loss can be challenging. Careful pre-operative assessment of the patient and treatment planning is essential. The aim of any treatment provided is to prevent further tooth surface loss, restore aesthetics and function, and provide a stable occlusal relationship. Whilst attempting to fulfil these goals, it is important to protect the remaining tooth structure by using restorations which are conservative and do not cause further damage to teeth which are already compromised. This paper aims to describe a conservative approach to restoring patients with generalized tooth surface loss. Clinical Relevance: To highlight conservative treatment options available for the management of generalized erosive tooth surface loss and show how they contrast with other destructive irreversible conventional techniques.