bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GAME THEORY AND PORT ECONOMICS: A SURVEY OF RECENT RESEARCH
Authors: Hidalgo‐Gallego Soraya , Núñez‐Sánchez Ramón , Coto‐Millán Pablo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe last decade has seen a significant upsurge of studies seeking to examine the impacts of port agents’ strategic decisions. The outcome has been a wide range of results and conclusions. The aim of this work is to provide a review of this recent research in the port industry that uses strategic interaction approaches from industrial organization and game theory. The paper concentrates on five topics: ownership, relationship between ports and their hinterlands, port authorities and port operators’ relations, capacity investment decisions, and port specialization. We present the objectives, methodologies and results of the papers reviewed, with special emphasis on how models are developed. The results are not always consistent between the works analyzed. On the one hand, this could be due to the complexity of the port industry and the high number of agents that intervene. Researchers need to simplify reality to build their models by imposing restrictive assumptions. On the other hand, results could be very sensitive to the techniques used or to the differences on the port environment of the countries of study. However, some conclusions can be extracted and they present a good starting point to develop more sophisticated models. Finally, we also propose avenues for future research.
Usefulness of T2 star‐weighted imaging in ovarian cysts and tumors
Authors: Takahashi Nozomi , Yoshino Osamu , Maeda Eriko , Naganawa Shotaro , Harada Miyuki , Koga Kaori , Hiraike Osamu , Nakamura Masanobu , Tabuchi Takashi , Hori Masaaki , Saito Shigeru , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypointensity on T2 star‐weighted imaging (T2*WI), which is useful for detecting hemosiderin, in endometriomas and other ovarian tumors. The efficacy of detecting adhesions around ovarian tumors was also investigated.MethodsPelvic magnetic resonance (MR) examinations, including T2*WI, were carried out. The inclusion criteria were female patients with ovarian surgical treatments. One hundred seventeen patients with a total of 147 lesions were enrolled. Two radiologists retrospectively evaluated MR imaging (MRI) to predict ovarian pathology and the presence of adhesions. T2*WI hypointensity of the inside and outside along ovarian cysts/tumors was utilized to predict pathological diagnoses and the presence of adhesions, respectively. The kappa scores were calculated to measure interobserver agreement on MRI findings. The MRI interpretations were compared with the results of pathological investigation and surgical observations.ResultsHypointensity inside along the cyst walls on T2*WI was observed in 100 out of 106 lesions of endometriomas (94.3%), and three out of 41 non‐endometrial ovarian cysts/tumors (7.3%). Four different patterns of T2*WI were observed in ovarian cysts/tumors. The kappa score regarding T2*WI hypointensity inside along the cyst walls was 0.633. Using conventional routine pelvic MRI, the sensitivity for detecting adhesions around ovarian cysts was 84.5%. By adding T2*WI, the sensitivity improved to 91.4% (P < 0.01). With conventional methods to predict adhesions, the kappa score was 0.660. After adding T2*WI to the conventional methods, the kappa score was 0.767.ConclusionHypointensity on T2*WI was observed frequently in endometrioma. T2*WI also improved the sensitivity for detecting adhesions around ovarian cysts/tumors.
Maternal and neonatal vitamin‐D status in twin versus singleton pregnancies
Authors: Goswami Deepti , Rani Reena , Saxena Alpana , Arora Monika Sethi , Batra Swaraj , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThere is a paucity of information on vitamin D status of women with twin pregnancy and their newborns. This case–control study compared maternal and neonatal vitamin‐D status in twin versus singleton pregnancies.MethodsSubjects included 50 women with twin pregnancy delivering at >28 weeks and 50 gestational‐age‐matched women with singleton pregnancy delivering during the same period. Maternal and neonatal serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] was compared between the two groups using the independent Student's t‐test on log values. Serum albumin‐adjusted calcium, inorganic phosphate, and intact parathormone levels were also compared.ResultsMaternal vitamin‐D deficiency (VDD; serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L) was present in 90% of twin and 88% of singleton pregnancies. The prevalence of neonatal VDD was 89% in twin and 74% in singleton pregnancies (P = 0.03). Maternal serum 25(OH)D was lower in the twin group as compared to the singleton group (14.3 ± 10.47 vs 18.5 ± 12.36 nmol/L; P = 0.02). Mean serum calcium, intact parathormone, and inorganic phosphate were comparable between the women in the two groups. Maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D showed positive correlation in the two groups (P < 0.001). Mean cord blood 25(OH)D was significantly lower in the twins than in singleton newborns (14.8 ± 12.63 vs 22.6 ± 16.68 nmol/L; P = 0.002). The difference persisted even after adjustment for birthweights and maternal serum 25(OH)D. Mean serum calcium was significantly lower in the twins.ConclusionTwin newborns and their mothers have higher VDD as compared to singleton newborns and their mothers in the VDD population.
Rapid malignant transformation of low‐grade astrocytoma in a pregnant woman
Authors: Hanada Tomoko , Rahayu Tri Uji , Yamahata Hitoshi , Hirano Hirofumi , Yoshioka Takako , Arita Kazunori 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe report rapid malignant transformation of diffuse astrocytoma to glioblastoma during pregnancy in a young woman. A 21‐year‐old woman was found to have a non‐enhancing right frontal lesion, supposed to be a low‐grade astrocytoma according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studied for chronic headache. Due to the absence of clinical symptoms, the patient refused further investigations and delivered a baby and then became pregnant with a second baby. At first, she refused the biopsy because she was afraid, although the size of the lesion on MRI was increasing; however, due to repeated persuasion, she underwent a biopsy during the 4th month of her second gestation, with a result of diffuse astrocytoma (WHO grade II). At 1 month after the second delivery and 6 months after the biopsy, MRI revealed further enlargement of the tumor and a heterogeneous kenhancement effect. A gross tumor removal was carried out, and the tumor was histologically diagnosed as glioblastoma (WHO grade IV). This is the quickest ever malignant transformation of diffuse astrocytoma during pregnancy in the published reports.
Impact of Coronary Artery Disease Burden on 12‐Month Mortality of Patients After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Kleczynski Pawel , Dziewierz Artur , Bagienski Maciej , Rzeszutko Lukasz , Sorysz Danuta , Trebacz Jaroslaw , Sobczynski Robert , Tomala Marek , Gackowski Andrzej , Dudek Dariusz 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to compare 12‐month mortality rate of patients with and without complete coronary revascularization before transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).BackgroundThere are limited data on the impact of coronary artery disease burden in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI.MethodsOne hundred and one consecutive patients undergoing TAVI were enrolled. Of them 16 (15.8%) had an incomplete coronary revascularization. The primary endpoint was 12‐month all‐cause mortality.ResultsTwelve‐month all‐cause mortality was higher in patients with incomplete coronary revascularization than in patients with complete coronary revascularization or without significant lesions (75.0% vs 7.1%; P < 0.001). Importantly, incomplete coronary revascularization was an independent predictor of higher mortality rate after 12 months (hazard ratio (HR) for incomplete coronary revascularization 10.86, 95% CI 3.72–31.73; P < 0.001; HR for a history of stroke/TIA 3.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–11.07; P < 0.001; HR for blood transfusion 2.84 95% CI (1.06–7.63); P = 0.039). In 9 of 16 (56.3%) patients, incomplete revascularization was related to the presence of chronic total occlusions (CTO). Patients with CTO had an increased mortality rate after 12 months (55.6% vs 14.1%; P = 0.008) as compared to patients without the CTO.ConclusionsIncomplete coronary revascularization and a history of stroke or TIA may be independent predictors of all‐cause mortality in patients undergoing TAVI. However, further studies are recommended to confirm the results, especially in terms of the impact of CTO presence on long‐term mortality after TAVI.
Real‐World Multicenter Registry of Patients with Severe Coronary Artery Calcification Undergoing Orbital Atherectomy
Authors: Lee Michael S. , Shlofmitz Evan , Kaplan Barry , Alexandru Dragos , Meraj Perwaiz , Shlofmitz Richard 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesWe evaluated the safety and efficacy of orbital atherectomy in real‐world patients with severe coronary artery calcification (CAC).BackgroundThe presence of severe CAC increases the complexity of percutaneous coronary intervention as it may impede stent delivery and optimal stent expansion. Atherectomy may be an indispensable tool for uncrossable or undilatable lesions by modifying severe CAC. Although the ORBIT I and II trials report that orbital atherectomy was safe and effective for the treatment of severe CAC, patients with kidney disease, recent myocardial infarction, long diffuse disease, severe left ventricular dysfunction, and unprotected left main disease were excluded.MethodsThis retrospective study included 458 consecutive patients with severe CAC who underwent orbital atherectomy followed by stenting from October 2013 to December 2015 at 3 centers.ResultsThe primary endpoint of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at 30 days was 1.7%. Low rates of 30‐day all‐cause mortality (1.3%), myocardial infarction (1.1%), target vessel revascularization (0%), stroke (0.2%), and stent thrombosis (0.9%) were observed. Angiographic complications were low: perforation was 0.7%, dissection 0.9%, and no‐reflow 0.7%. Emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery was performed in 0.2% of patients.ConclusionIn the largest real‐world study of patients who underwent orbital atherectomy, including high‐risk patients who were not surgical candidates as well as those with very complex coronary anatomy, acute and short‐term adverse clinical event rates were low. A randomized clinical trial is needed to identify the ideal treatment strategy for patients with severe CAC.
Evidence of cardiac injury and arrhythmias in dogs with acute kidney injury
Authors: Keller S. P. , Kovacevic A. , Howard J. , Schweighauser A. , Francey T. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVESCardiac involvement in the course of acute kidney injury is described in humans as cardiorenal syndrome type 3 but has received only limited attention in dogs. This study was designed to evaluate cardiac injury and dysfunction in acute kidney injury in dogs and its association with outcome.METHODSThis prospective cohort study enrolled 24 client‐owned dogs with acute kidney injury. Cardiac disorders were evaluated with thoracic radiographs, echocardiography, 24‐hour Holter monitoring and cardiac troponin I concentrations within 2 days of admission and 7 to 10 days later.RESULTSMost dogs were diagnosed with leptospirosis (n=18, 75%) and presented with moderate‐to‐severe acute kidney injury, International Renal Interest Society grades III to V. Dogs with ê100 ventricular premature complexes per 24 hour in the first examination (n=8) had significantly higher initial cTnI concentrations (P=0·007) compared to dogs with fewer than 100. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the number of ventricular premature complexes was predictive of outcome (AUC 0·83, P<0·001).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEAcute kidney injury seems to be associated with cardiac injury and arrhythmias in dogs. The data do not indicate a cardiac cause of poor outcome in dogs with increased number of ventricular premature complexes but the association may reflect the severity of disease.
Focal intestinal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis in 10 dogs
Authors: Lecoindre A. , Lecoindre P. , Cadoré J. L. , Chevallier M. , Guerret S. , Derré G. , Mcdonough S. P. , Simpson K. W. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVESTo describe the clinical and pathological features of canine focal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis, to evaluate its underlying infectious cause and to compare it with human Crohn's disease.METHODSRetrospective review of case records with a histopathological diagnosis of focal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis. Bacterial and fungal colonisation was evaluated using fluorescence in situ hybridisation and histochemical staining, respectively. A comparison with Crohn's disease was performed by a human pathologist.RESULTSTen dogs were evaluated. The historical complaints were predominantly chronic diarrhoea (10/10) and vomiting (5/10). The biochemical abnormalities included hypoalbuminaemia (6/10) and hypocobalaminaemia (4/6). Abdominal sonography revealed a thickened distal ileum±ileocolic junction. Colonoscopy showed a swollen caecal ostium and oedematous caecum in 7/10 dogs. A stenotic ileo‐colic opening prevented endoscopic intubation in all dogs. Histology from the resected lesions revealed granulomatous inflammation involving the muscularis and serosa. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated invasive bacteria in 2/10 dogs. Post‐resection, all dogs received metronidazole and tapering immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone. Remission (median 17 months) was achieved in 8/10 dogs.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEFocal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis is a rare and severe form of canine inflammatory bowel disease with preferential localisation to the ileum and the ileocolic junction. An underlying infectious aetiology was not identified.
Drug Residues after Intravenous Anesthesia and Intrathecal Lidocaine Hydrochloride Euthanasia in Horses
Authors: Aleman M. , Davis E. , Knych H. , Guedes A. , Smith F. , Madigan J.E. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundIntrathecal lidocaine hydrochloride under general anesthesia has been used as an alternative method of euthanasia in equids. Carnivore, scavenger, and even human consumption of horse meat from carcasses have been anecdotally reported in rural areas after this method of euthanasia. The presence of drug residues in horse meat has not been investigated.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo investigate if drug residues are found in horse tissues and determine their concentrations.AnimalsOf 11 horses requiring euthanasia for medical reasons.MethodsProspective descriptive study. Horses were anesthetized with total IV dose of xylazine (mean, 2.5 mg/kg), midazolam (0.1 mg/kg), and ketamine hydrochloride (mean, 5.8 mg/kg). An atlanto‐occipital cisterna centesis for the collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and administration of lidocaine hydrochloride (4 mg/kg) was performed. Blood samples for both serum and plasma, skeletal muscle (triceps brachii, gluteus medius), and CSF were collected for the determination of drug residues. Frozen skeletal muscle available from 5 additional horses that received standard dosages of drugs for short‐term anesthesia (xylazine 1.1 mg/kg, midazolam 0.1 mg/kg, and ketamine 2.2 mg/kg) also were analyzed.ResultsDrug residues were found in the tissues of all horses, but at extremely low concentrations.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceEuthanasia by administration of lidocaine intrathecally to horses under IV anesthesia poses a low risk of toxicity to carnivores and scavengers that might consume muscle tissue from a carcass in which this protocol has been used.
Height gain after two‐years‐of‐age is associated with better cognitive capacity, measured with Raven's coloured matrices at 15‐years‐of‐age in Malawi
Authors: Teivaanmäki Tiina , Bun Cheung Yin , Pulakka Anna , Virkkala Jussi , Maleta Kenneth , Ashorn Per 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStunting is a measure of chronic undernutrition, and it affects approximately 160 million children worldwide. Cognitive development of stunted children is compromised, but evidence about the association between height gain in late childhood and adolescent cognitive capacity is scarce. We aimed to determine the association between height gains at different ages, including late childhood, and cognitive capacity at 15‐years‐of‐age. We conducted a prospective cohort study in a rural African setting in Southern Malawi. The study cohort was enrolled between June 1995 and August 1996. It originally comprised mothers of 813 fetuses, and the number of children born live was 767. These children were followed up until the age of 15 years. The anthropometrics were measured at one and 24‐months‐of‐age and 15‐years‐of‐age, and cognitive capacity of participants was assessed at 15‐years‐of‐age with Raven's Coloured Matrices score, mathematic test score, median reaction time (RT) (milliseconds) and RT lapses. The associations between growth and the outcome measures were assessed with linear regression. Raven's Coloured Matrices score was predicted by height gain between 24 months and 15‐years‐of‐age (coefficient 0.85, P = 0.03) and (coefficient 0.69, P = 0.06), but not by earlier growth, when possible confounders were included in the model. The association weakened when school education was further added in the model (coefficient = 0.69, P = 0,060). In conclusion, in rural Malawi, better growth in late childhood is likely to lead to better cognitive capacity in adolescence, partly through more school education. In light of these results, growth promotion should not only be limited to early childhood.
Life in leaf litter: novel insights into community dynamics of bacteria and fungi during litter decomposition
Authors: Purahong Witoon , Wubet Tesfaye , Lentendu Guillaume , Schloter Michael , Pecyna Marek J. , Kapturska Danuta , Hofrichter Martin , Krüger Dirk , Buscot François 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMicroorganisms play a crucial role in the biological decomposition of plant litter in terrestrial ecosystems. Due to the permanently changing litter quality during decomposition, studies of both fungi and bacteria at a fine taxonomic resolution are required during the whole process. Here we investigated microbial community succession in decomposing leaf litter of temperate beech forest using pyrotag sequencing of the bacterial 16S and the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS)rRNAgenes. Our results reveal that both communities underwent rapid changes. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated over the entire study period, but their taxonomic composition and abundances changed markedly among sampling dates. The fungal community also changed dynamically as decomposition progressed, with ascomycete fungi being increasingly replaced by basidiomycetes. We found a consistent and highly significant correlation between bacterial richness and fungal richness (R = 0.76,P < 0.001) and community structure (RMantel = 0.85,P < 0.001), providing evidence of coupled dynamics in the fungal and bacterial communities. A network analysis highlighted nonrandom co‐occurrences among bacterial and fungal taxa as well as a shift in the cross‐kingdom co‐occurrence pattern of their communities from the early to the later stages of decomposition. During this process, macronutrients, micronutrients, C:N ratio andpHwere significantly correlated with the fungal and bacterial communities, while bacterial richness positively correlated with three hydrolytic enzymes important for C, N and P acquisition. Overall, we provide evidence that the complex litter decay is the result of a dynamic cross‐kingdom functional succession.
Genome‐wide differentiation in closely related populations: the roles of selection and geographic isolation
Authors: Safran R. J. , Scordato E. S. C. , Wilkins M. R. , Hubbard J. K. , Jenkins B. R. , Albrecht T. , Flaxman S. M. , Karaardıç H. , Vortman Y. , Lotem A. , Nosil P. , Pap P. , Shen S. , Chan S.‐F. , Parchman T.L. , Kane N. C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPopulation divergence in geographic isolation is due to a combination of factors. Natural and sexual selection may be important in shaping patterns of population differentiation, a pattern referred to as ‘isolation by adaptation’ (IBA).IBAcan be complementary to the well‐known pattern of ‘isolation by distance’ (IBD), in which the divergence of closely related populations (via any evolutionary process) is associated with geographic isolation. The barn swallowHirundo rusticacomplex comprises six closely related subspecies, where divergent sexual selection is associated with phenotypic differentiation among allopatric populations. To investigate the relative contributions of selection and geographic distance to genome‐wide differentiation, we compared genotypic and phenotypic variation from 350 barn swallows sampled across eight populations (28 pairwise comparisons) from four different subspecies. We report a draft whole‐genome sequence forH. rustica, to which we aligned a set of 9493 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Using statistical approaches to control for spatial autocorrelation of phenotypic variables and geographic distance, we find that divergence in traits related to migratory behaviour and sexual signalling, as well as geographic distance, together explain over 70% of genome‐wide divergence among populations. Controlling forIBD, we find 42% of genomewide divergence is attributable toIBAthrough pairwise differences in traits related to migratory behaviour and sexual signalling alone. By (i) combining these results with prior studies of how selection shapes morphological differentiation and (ii) accounting for spatial autocorrelation, we infer that morphological adaptation plays a large role in shaping population‐level differentiation in this group of closely related populations.
The mutational hazard hypothesis of organelle genome evolution: 10 years on
Authors: Smith David Roy 
Published: June 2016

Why is there such a large variation in size and noncoding DNA content among organelle genomes? One explanation is that this genomic variation results from differences in the rates of organelle mutation and random genetic drift, as opposed to being the direct product of natural selection. Along these lines, the mutational hazard hypothesis (MHH) holds that ‘excess’ DNA is a mutational liability (because it increases the potential for harmful mutations) and, thus, has a greater tendency to accumulate in an organelle system with a low mutation rate as opposed to one with a high rate of mutation. Various studies have explored this hypothesis and, more generally, the relationship between organelle genome architecture and the mode and efficiency of organelle DNA repair. Although some of these investigations are in agreement with the MHH, others have contradicted it; nevertheless, they support a central role of mutation, DNA maintenance pathways and random genetic drift in fashioning organelle chromosomes. Arguably, one of the most important contributions of the MHH is that it has sparked crucial, widespread discussions about the importance of nonadaptive processes in genome evolution.