bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation of silver fir progeny from Tisovik Reserve population determined via microsatellite and isozyme markers
Authors: Pawlaczyk Ewa Maria , Bączkiewicz Alina , Buczkowska Katarzyna , Bobowicz Maria Anna 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Progeny from 19 family lines of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) from a small, native and isolated population from the Tisovik Reserve (Belarusian part of Białowieża Primeval Forest) growing in an experimental plot near Hajnówka (Polish part of Białowieża Primeval Forest) were analysed in terms of 4 nuclear microsatellite DNA loci and 9 isozyme systems with 14 loci. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic variation within and between progeny lines. Analysis of isozyme loci showed that all progeny lines, except the progeny lines T6 and T16, were characterised by an excess of heterozygotes and 20% of the detected variation occurred between progeny. Progeny formed two groups. Microsatellite loci showed that 6 progeny lines demonstrated an excess of heterozygotes and 12 an excess of homozygotes. On an average, the population was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 14% of the detected variation occurred between offspring and the remaining 86% within progeny lines. The most distinct progeny line was Tl, where the highest number of alleles per locus was detected. Generally, progeny of Tisovik is characterised by high level of differentiation as the offspring of isolated population that have limited number of individuals to crossing (only 20). In some progeny line, the private alleles that are detected may be the result of pollination from Polish part of Białowieża Forest where in 1920s and 1930s of XX century had planted the seedling of silver fir of unknown origin. The substructuring of population is observed, and the detected deficiency of heterozygotes may be ostensible as a result of the Wahlund effect. Such pattern of genetic structure could also be an effect of harsh environmental conditions exerting selection pressure and modifying the genetic composition of this population.
Phosphite fertilisers as inhibitors of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (anamorph Chalara fraxinea) growth in tests in vitro
Authors: Tkaczyk Miłosz , Pacia Artur , Siebyła Marta , Oszako Tomasz 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This study is designed to test the potential for reducing the growth of the mycelium of the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (anamorph Chalara fraxinea) by using phosphite preparations at various concentrations in vitro. The study shows that adding pure phosphite to potato dextrose agar media inhibits the development of the fungus, but if the preparation is applied in the form of ammonium phosphite (Actifos), the growth of fungus will be accelerated. Probably the addition of nitrogen contained in the product Actifos has positive effect on the mycelial growth, but pure phosphite restricts its development. These studies are preliminary and only show the potential use of phosphite to reduce the development of H. fraxineus; however, to completely confirm its operation, further research is needed in this area.
Analysis of the structure and cost of capital in mining enterprises
Authors: Ranosz Robert 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article focuses on the analysis of the structure and cost of capital in mining companies. Proper selection of appropriate levels of equity and debt capital funding of investment has a significant impact on its value. Thus, to maximize the value of the company, the capital structure of the company should be composed to minimize the weighted average cost of capital. T he objective of the article is to present the capital structure of selected Polish and world’s mining companies and estimate their cost of equity and debt capital. In the paper the optimal capital structure for the Polish mining company (KGHM SA) was also estimated. It was assumed that both Polish and world’s mining companies, have no debt exceeding 45% in the financing structure. For the most of analyzed cases, the level of financing with debt capital is in the range between 10% and 35%. T he cost of equity exceeds the cost of debt capital and is in the range between 8% and 20%, while the cost of debt capital reaches the range between 1.9% and 12%. T he analysis of the optimal capital structure determining, performed for the selected mining company, showed that debt capital funding for the company should be in the range between 5.7% and 7.4%.
Selected elements cations exchange in acidic medium on sorbents surface based on modified brown coal
Authors: Stempkowska Agata , Izak Piotr , Mastalska-Popławska Joanna 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Studies on the sorption and desorption of selected Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ and Cr3+ cations by materials based on modified brown coal were carried out. The chemical modification of the sorbent material consisted of grinding involving different inorganic substances and organic polymers. Samples were subjected to chemical modification at elevated temperatures for several hours. For comparative purposes, as apart from brown coal, pure humic acids are known for the highest cations exchange capacity, samples of brown coal before and after purification were also analyzed. The ion capacity was determined under static conditions, measuring the difference in the concentration of cations in the sorbent before and after sorption and then after rinsing the sorbent with distilled water (A), and after the desorption process with hydrochloric acid (B).
Studies have shown that sorbents based on modified brown coal have rather significant exchange capacities in the range of 270-450 meq/100 g for the first stage and 90-200 meq/100 g for the second stage. It was also found that purified humic acid (450-200 meq/100 g) has the highest exchange capacity and modified brown coal obtained at 250°C has the lowest. The measurement of desorption showed that approximately 10% of the cations are already leached by distilled water and the residue is desorbed under the influence of 10% hydrochloric acid, but the total amount of cations is compatible with the measurement process of the second stage.
The sorption affinity to various cations is different. In the case of the sorption measurements, modified sorbents show the highest sorption affinity with respect to calcium, while the unmodified raw brown coal with respect to chromium. The next stage of the measurement showed that the valence of the cation has the highest impact on the sorption affinity.
Geochemical Characterization of the Freshwater Faunal Horizons of the Lublin Formation from the Lublin Coal Basin
Authors: Krzeszowska Ewa , Kokowska-Pawłowska Magdalena 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The most important part of the coal-bearing Carboniferous series is the Lublin formation (Lublin beds) (Westphalian A and B), where the main multi-seam coal deposits occur. Westphalian B is represented by a limnic series with are irregularly formed horizons of freshwater faunal.
The paper presents the characteristics of horizons containing the remains of freshwater faunal from the boreholes: Borowo, Syczyn 7, Kulik, Kopina 1 (LCB).
These horizons build claystones with layers or clay siderite concretions.
For the analyzed horizons the content of the following elements: U, Th, V, Cr, Rb, K (ICP-MS) and oxides: Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, K2O, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, MnO, TiO2, Cr2O3 (XRF) were determined. The most commonly ratios used in the identification of palaeoenvironment sedimentary were calculated (Th/U, Th/K2O, V/Cr, P2O5/Al2O3, Rb/K).
It was found that the content of elements U, Th, V, Cr, Rb K showed very similar values for claystones from borehole: Borowo, Syczyn 7, Kulik, while the sample from borehole Kopina 1 clearly lower value was observed.
The research for all samples showed that those ratios such as: U, Th, Th/U, P2O5/Al2O3, V/Cr, Rb/K may be used to identify sedimentary environment and to geochemical correlations of the sedimentary rock sequences in the LCB.
Evaluation the Value of Some Petrographic, Physico-Chemical and Geochemical Indicators of Quality of Coal in Paralic Series of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin and Attempt to Find a Correlation Between Them
Authors: Parzentny Henryk , Róg Leokadia 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A total of 56 coal seam samples (from active and closed coal mines) representing USCB Paralic Series, were tested. It was determined that the tested coal has low content of mineral matter (especially in Hruśov Beds) as well as of Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, V and Zn. Only Mn and Pb content in coal is higher than in coal from other deposits around the world. There are differences in the values of physical and chemical, petrographic and geochemical indices of coal quality, between the northern and the south-western part of the USCB and in the profile of the Paralic Series.
Thanks to the revealed correlations between the indices of coal quality, significant differences in the role mineral and organic substance play in concentrating some of the trace elements in the tested coal, were determined. Moreover, it was observed that an increase in the rank of coal (expressed with an increase in the value of R0 or/and Qsdaf or/and Cdaf), accompanies a decrease in the content of oxides of main elements in coal ash as well as sulfur and other trace elements in coal. The dependence was observed both in lateral and stratigraphic differences in the rank of coal. Mutual dependences between the indices of the rank of coal (R0, Cdaf, Qsdaf, Vdaf) in the northern and south-western area of the research and in Poruba Beds and Jaklovec Beds, were confirmed.
It was determined that an increase in the value of Roga Index (RI) is accompanied by an increase in P2O5 content in ash of coal from the south-western part of the research area. It is probably a result of concurrence of a regional positive anomaly in the rank of coal and high P2O5 content in coal seams in the south-western part of the USCB. The observed increase in the value of RI, accompanying a decrease in the content of sulfate minerals, Cr and Ni in coal and Na2O in coal ash; results from the role the carbonisation process plays in distributing main and trace elements in the mineral matter of coal.
Valorization of coal mining waste dumps from he mines of Katowicki Holding Węglowy
Authors: Probierz Krystian , Gawor Łukasz , Jonczy Iwona , Marcisz Marek 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The cataloging of over 220 coal mining dumping grounds after hard coal mining was carried out on the area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB). Considering the significant content of coal particles in the waste, these object may be perceived as perspective anthropogenic deposits. In order to define the possibilities of recovery, an attempt of linking the quality of coal in the deposit and the in waste material was performed. Another step is the reclamation and use of dumping grounds after completing effective recovery processes.
The purpose of the research was the cataloging, mapping and valorization of coal mining waste dumps from Katowicki Holding Węglowy coal mines, for the needs of reclamation and management of examined objects and defining the potential recovery of coal from the dumps. The valorization of the post-mining waste dumps was done with the use of original methodology, considering the problems of: reclamation, management, accessibility of the dumps as well as environmental hazards. T he directions of the technical reclamation (e.g. landscape objects, tabular dumps) and biological reclamation (e.g. forest direction, mixed reclamation (grass and tree reclamation), grass cultivation, lack of reclamation) were defined. Accessibility with regard to open access/closing of the dump area and the roads leading towards the object were evaluated. T he connection of coal quality in the deposits of KHW S.A. and in waste material enabled the definition and evaluation of the potential possibilities of recovery of coal from the post mining dumping grounds.
Examinations of Polish brown and hard coals in terms of their use in the steam gasification process
Authors: Porada Stanisław , Dziok Tadeusz , Czerski Grzegorz , Grzywacz Przemysław , Strugała Andrzej 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In order to determine the suitability of Polish coals for steam gasification, five Polish hard coals and three brown coals, which are used for power and heat production, were examined in this work. The examinations of the process of steam gasification were conducted with the use of a laboratory plant which allows for measurements within a broad pressure range with the thermovolumetric method. Reactivity evaluations for the examined coals were conducted on the basis of an analysis of the shape of the kinetic curves of formation of major gasification products and a comparison of the curves of the carbon conversion degree of the examined raw materials. In order to evaluate the reactivity of the examined coals, the following factors were utilized: a comparison of the shape of the curves of the carbon conversion degree and the maximal value of the carbon conversion degree, the time of partial conversion τ0.5, the reactivity index R0.5, as well as the reaction rate constant of carbon conversion. The yields, composition and calorific value of the resulting gas were determined as well as the reaction rate constants of formation of particular gaseous products of gasification. Additionally, for the examined coals, ash fusibility and the content of selected impurities, e.g. sulfur, chlorine and mercury, were given.
CO2 mineral sequestration with the use of ground granulated blast furnace slag
Authors: Uliasz-Bocheńczyk Alicja , Mokrzycki Eugeniusz 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The mineral sequestration using waste products is a method of reducing CO2 emissions that is particularly interesting for major emitters and producers of mineral wastes, such as iron and steel industries. The CO2 emissions from iron and steel production amounted to 6,181.07 kt in 2014 (PNIR 2016). The aforementioned industry participates in the EU emission trading system (EU ETS). However, blast furnace processes produce mineral waste - slag with a high content of CaO which can be used to reduce CO2 emissions. Metallurgical slag can be used to carry out direct (a one-step process) or indirect (two-stage process) process of mineral sequestration of carbon dioxide.
The paper presents the degree of carbonation of the examined samples of granulated blast furnace slags defined by the six-digit code (10 02 01) for the waste and the respective two-digit (10 02) chapter heading, according to the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of 9 December 2014 on the waste catalogue. The carbonation process used the direct gas-solid method. The slags were wetted on the surface and treated with CO2 for 28 days; the obtained results were compared with the analysis of fresh waste products. The analyzed slags are characterized by a high content of calcium (nearly 24%), while their theoretical binding capacity of CO2 is up to 34.1%. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the phase composition of slags has revealed the presence of amorphous glass phase, which was confirmed with the thermogravimetric (DTA/TG) analysis. The process of mineral sequestration of CO2 has resulted in a significant amount (9.32%) of calcium carbonate - calcite, while the calculated degree of carbonation of the examined blast furnace slag is up to 39%. The high content of calcium, and a significant content of CaCO3-calcite, has confirmed the suitability of the discussed waste products to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
The storage location problem in a coal supply chain: background and methodological approach
Authors: Benalcazar Pablo , Kamiński Jacek , Saługa Piotr W. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In order to achieve two main objectives: (1) reduce risk and (2) increase the expected rate of return on invested capital, coal mining and coal trading companies have looked for new ways to improve their supply chain networks. Developments in the supply chain design and analysis have helped coal mining and coal trading companies expand their businesses, but at the same time, have forced them to consolidate their assets and downsize any underused storage facilities. In the coal mining industry, the problem of consolidation and downsizing becomes much more complicated due to the variety in quality parameters (hence many coal grades) involved, locational zones and different number of market players. Furthermore, for the last decade, the storage allocation and assignment problem has received a great deal of attention within the Logistics and Operation Research (OR) area. Yet, little attention has been given to the modeling of coal supply chains and the issue of strategic supply chain planning of coal-producing and coal-trading companies. Similar to the generic warehouse consolidation problem (WCP), in specific cases of coal-producing and coal-trading companies, storage facilities that are redundant or underutilized can be eliminated without causing a negative impact on customer and service levels. In this context, this paper discusses the background of the problem and proposes a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model mainly intended for storage and distribution network reconfiguration of a coal-producing or trading company. The model, which can be implemented in a high-level mathematical modelling system such as GAMS or AIMMS, captures the essential methodological features of a warehouse restructuring and/or consolidation problem and can be applied in practice.
Phase transitions of ferruginous minerals in the course of thermal processing of feldspar-quartz raw materials from the Sobótka region (Lower Silesia)
Authors: Lewicka Ewa 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the results of analyses of feldspar-quartz raw materials from deposits of leucogranites located in the Sobótka region. This is a successive stage of research carried out by the author on reasons for colour variation of ceramic materials obtained from them. This step encompassed the firing of sample pairs of analogous chemical composition in different conditions: in a standard cycle lasting more than 2 hours (at a maximum temperature of 1200°C), and a fast one - lasting around 50 minutes (at a max. temperature of 1260°C). The obtained ceramic bodies were analysed using the XRD method, scanning microscopy SEM-EDS and57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy at room temperature. The XRD investigations revealed the presence of quartz in both samples, while remnants of sodium feldspar were observed in the one fired in the fast cycle. The scanning microscopy confirmed that the principal component of the examined bodies is the aluminosilicate melt, resulting from the thermal decomposition of mainly feldspars and quartz. Single quartz grains and other minerals of high melting temperatures, i.e. zirconium, were also observed in the course of microscopic examinations. Products of other mineral phases’ transformations at high temperature, such as: titanomagnetite (spinel Fe-Ti), magnetite, biotite, xenotime, sphalerite as well as probably chlorites and garnets, were also relatively frequent. Mössbauer studies demonstrated the presence of three basic components constituting 30% (each) of the spectra, i.e. Fe2O3(presumably hematite), Fe3+ions (dispersed in aluminosilicate glassy phase), and nanocrystalline or amorphous oxide phase of iron (Fe-O). Some relatively small amounts (5 and 10%) of mixed valence iron cations (Fe2+/3+) that are not expected to influence the colour difference between samples after firing were also found. A paramagnetic doublet referring to them can be attributed to a titanomagnetite spinel or products of its thermal decomposition. The above-mentioned observations and examinations lead to the finding that the main reason for colour variation in the examined bodies as well as their different microstructure and advancement of phase transitions in the course of firing are different conditions of thermal treatment. These probably also influenced the forms in which iron and other colouring elements occur in the samples studied.
Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2-alkyl- and 2-aryl-3-(phenylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives
Authors: Mohammadi Ali Asghar , Ahdenov Reza , Abolhasani Sooki Ali 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
2-Alkyl and 2-aryl-3-(phenylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-ones 4a–h were synthesized in a one-pot three-component condensation of an isatoic anhydride 1a–h, ethyl or methyl ortho ester and phenylhydrazine in the presence of KAl(SO4)2·12H2O (alum) as a nontoxic, reusable, inexpensive and easily available catalyst. The synthesis was conducted under microwave irradiation or classical heating. Products 4a and 4b show good antimicrobial activities.
Ultrasound mediated synthesis of dihydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-7-carbonitrile derivatives in H2O/EtOH medium
Authors: Mojtahedi Mohammad M. , Mehraban Masoomeh , Darvishi Kiana , Abaee M. Saeed 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A one-pot cyclocondensation of 1,3-dioxane-5-one (1) with malononitrile and aromatic aldehydes in aqueous sodium hydroxide under ultrasonic irradiation furnishes a series of pyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin derivatives 3. Reactions are completed after a few minutes and the precipitated products are purified by simple crystallization from ethanol. The reaction with ethyl cyanoacetate instead of malononitrile gives the respective analogous products in high yields.
Changes in the style and content of Australian election campaign speeches from 1901 to 2016: A computational linguistic analysis
Authors: Dalvean Michael 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
There have been significant social and political changes in Australian society since federation in 1901. The issues that are considered politically salient have also changed significantly. The purpose of this article is to examine changes in the style and content of election campaign speeches over the period 1901-2016. The corpus consists of 88 election campaign speeches delivered by the Prime Minister and Opposition leader for the 45 elections from 1901 to 2016. I use natural language processing to extract from the speeches a number of linguistic variables which serve as independent variables and use the year of delivery as the dependent variable. I then use machine learning to develop a regression model which explains 77 per cent of the variance in the dependent variable. Examination of the salient independent variables shows that there have been significant linguistic changes in the style and content of election speeches over the study period. In particular speeches have become less linguistically complex, less introspective, more focused on work and the home, and contain more visual and social references. I discuss these changes in the context of changes in Australian society over the study period.