bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal–organic framework with optimally selective xenon adsorption and separation
Authors: Banerjee Debasis , Simon Cory M. , Plonka Anna M. , Motkuri Radha K. , Liu Jian , Chen Xianyin , Smit Berend , Parise John B. , Haranczyk Maciej , Thallapally Praveen K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNuclear energy is among the most viable alternatives to our current fossil fuel-based energy economy. The mass deployment of nuclear energy as a low-emissions source requires the reprocessing of used nuclear fuel to recover fissile materials and mitigate radioactive waste. A major concern with reprocessing used nuclear fuel is the release of volatile radionuclides such as xenon and krypton that evolve into reprocessing facility off-gas in parts per million concentrations. The existing technology to remove these radioactive noble gases is a costly cryogenic distillation; alternatively, porous materials such as metal–organic frameworks have demonstrated the ability to selectively adsorb xenon and krypton at ambient conditions. Here we carry out a high-throughput computational screening of large databases of metal–organic frameworks and identify SBMOF-1 as the most selective for xenon. We affirm this prediction and report that SBMOF-1 exhibits by far the highest reported xenon adsorption capacity and a remarkable Xe/Kr selectivity under conditions pertinent to nuclear fuel reprocessing.
Arrays of individually controlled ions suitable for two-dimensional quantum simulations
Authors: Mielenz Manuel , Kalis Henning , Wittemer Matthias , Hakelberg Frederick , Warring Ulrich , Schmied Roman , Blain Matthew , Maunz Peter , Moehring David L. , Leibfried Dietrich , Schaetz Tobias 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA precisely controlled quantum system may reveal a fundamental understanding of another, less accessible system of interest. A universal quantum computer is currently out of reach, but an analogue quantum simulator that makes relevant observables, interactions and states of a quantum model accessible could permit insight into complex dynamics. Several platforms have been suggested and proof-of-principle experiments have been conducted. Here, we operate two-dimensional arrays of three trapped ions in individually controlled harmonic wells forming equilateral triangles with side lengths 40 and 80 μm. In our approach, which is scalable to arbitrary two-dimensional lattices, we demonstrate individual control of the electronic and motional degrees of freedom, preparation of a fiducial initial state with ion motion close to the ground state, as well as a tuning of couplings between ions within experimental sequences. Our work paves the way towards a quantum simulator of two-dimensional systems designed at will.
Interphase adhesion geometry is transmitted to an internal regulator for spindle orientation via caveolin-1
Authors: Matsumura Shigeru , Kojidani Tomoko , Kamioka Yuji , Uchida Seiichi , Haraguchi Tokuko , Kimura Akatsuki , Toyoshima Fumiko 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDespite theoretical and physical studies implying that cell-extracellular matrix adhesion geometry governs the orientation of the cell division axis, the molecular mechanisms that translate interphase adhesion geometry to the mitotic spindle orientation remain elusive. Here, we show that the cellular edge retraction during mitotic cell rounding correlates with the spindle axis. At the onset of mitotic cell rounding, caveolin-1 is targeted to the retracting cortical region at the proximal end of retraction fibres, where ganglioside GM1-enriched membrane domains with clusters of caveola-like structures are formed in an integrin and RhoA-dependent manner. Furthermore, Gαi1–LGN–NuMA, a well-known regulatory complex of spindle orientation, is targeted to the caveolin-1-enriched cortical region to guide the spindle axis towards the cellular edge retraction. We propose that retraction-induced cortical heterogeneity of caveolin-1 during mitotic cell rounding sets the spindle orientation in the context of adhesion geometry.
Compositional diversity of rehabilitated tropical lands supports multiple ecosystem services and buffers uncertainties
Authors: Knoke Thomas , Paul Carola , Hildebrandt Patrick , Calvas Baltazar , Castro Luz Maria , Härtl Fabian , Döllerer Martin , Hamer Ute , Windhorst David , Wiersma Yolanda F. , Curatola Fernández Giulia F. , Obermeier Wolfgang A. , Adams Julia , Breuer Lutz , Mosandl Reinhard , Beck Erwin , Weber Michael , Stimm Bernd , Haber Wolfgang , Fürst Christine , Bendix Jörg 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHigh landscape diversity is assumed to increase the number and level of ecosystem services. However, the interactions between ecosystem service provision, disturbance and landscape composition are poorly understood. Here we present a novel approach to include uncertainty in the optimization of land allocation for improving the provision of multiple ecosystem services. We refer to the rehabilitation of abandoned agricultural lands in Ecuador including two types of both afforestation and pasture rehabilitation, together with a succession option. Our results show that high compositional landscape diversity supports multiple ecosystem services (multifunction effect). This implicitly provides a buffer against uncertainty. Our work shows that active integration of uncertainty is only important when optimizing single or highly correlated ecosystem services and that the multifunction effect on landscape diversity is stronger than the uncertainty effect. This is an important insight to support a land-use planning based on ecosystem services.
Efficient plasmonic emission by the quantum Čerenkov effect from hot carriers in graphene
Authors: Kaminer Ido , Katan Yaniv Tenenbaum , Buljan Hrvoje , Shen Yichen , Ilic Ognjen , López Josué J. , Wong Liang Jie , Joannopoulos John D. , Soljačić Marin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGraphene plasmons have been found to be an exciting plasmonic platform, thanks to their high field confinement and low phase velocity, motivating contemporary research to revisit established concepts in light–matter interaction. In a conceptual breakthrough over 80 years old, Čerenkov showed how charged particles emit shockwaves of light when moving faster than the phase velocity of light in a medium. To modern eyes, the Čerenkov effect offers a direct and ultrafast energy conversion scheme from charge particles to photons. The requirement for relativistic particles, however, makes Čerenkov emission inaccessible to most nanoscale electronic and photonic devices. Here we show that graphene plasmons provide the means to overcome this limitation through their low phase velocity and high field confinement. The interaction between the charge carriers flowing inside graphene and the plasmons enables a highly efficient two-dimensional Čerenkov emission, giving a versatile, tunable and ultrafast conversion mechanism from electrical signal to plasmonic excitation.
Long-range magnetic interactions and proximity effects in an amorphous exchange-spring magnet
Authors: Magnus F. , Brooks-Bartlett M. E. , Moubah R. , Procter R. A. , Andersson G. , Hase T. P. A. , Banks S. T. , Hjörvarsson B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLow-dimensional magnetic heterostructures are a key element of spintronics, where magnetic interactions between different materials often define the functionality of devices. Although some interlayer exchange coupling mechanisms are by now well established, the possibility of direct exchange coupling via proximity-induced magnetization through non-magnetic layers is typically ignored due to the presumed short range of such proximity effects. Here we show that magnetic order can be induced throughout a 40-nm-thick amorphous paramagnetic layer through proximity to ferromagnets, mediating both exchange-spring magnet behaviour and exchange bias. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations show that nearest-neighbour magnetic interactions fall short in describing the observed effects and long-range magnetic interactions are needed to capture the extent of the induced magnetization. The results highlight the importance of considering the range of interactions in low-dimensional heterostructures and how magnetic proximity effects can be used to obtain new functionality.
SIRT2 is an unfavorable prognostic biomarker in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Deng Ailing , Ning Qiaoyang , Zhou Lei , Liang Yaojie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSIRT2 is a member of the NAD+ dependent deacetylases. In this study, the associations between SIRT2 expression and molecular and clinical characteristics of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were evaluated by data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. SIRT2 was overexpressed in the intermediate- and poor-risk groups of patients, compared to the favorable-risk group of patients (P = 0.002 and 0.004, respectively). High SIRT2 expression was associated with significantly shorter overall survival (OS; P = 0.0005) and event-free survival (EFS; P = 0.0002) than low SIRT2 expressio in a cohort of 167 patients with AML. Multivariate analyses revealed that high SIRT2 expression was associated with shorter OS (P = 0.031) and EFS (P = 0.020). Gene-expression profiling showed 259 differential expressed genes including CD4, CD14 and IL10. Gene sets like MAPK signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway and acute myeloid leukemia were upregulated in SIRT2high patients. We also found different methylation patterns in these two groups. OS and EFS of SIRT2high patients who did not undergo transplantation were significantly shorter than those of SIRT2low patients (P = 0.0120 and P = 0.0107, respectively). Taken together, these findings suggest that high SIRT2 expression is a novel and unfavorable prognostic biomarker for AML risk-stratification.
Both Nearest Neighbours and Long-term Affiliates Predict Individual Locations During Collective Movement in Wild Baboons
Authors: Farine Damien R. , Strandburg-Peshkin Ariana , Berger-Wolf Tanya , Ziebart Brian , Brugere Ivan , Li Jia , Crofoot Margaret C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn many animal societies, groups of individuals form stable social units that are shaped by well-delineated dominance hierarchies and a range of affiliative relationships. How do socially complex groups maintain cohesion and achieve collective movement? Using high-resolution GPS tracking of members of a wild baboon troop, we test whether collective movement in stable social groups is governed by interactions among local neighbours (commonly found in groups with largely anonymous memberships), social affiliates, and/or by individuals paying attention to global group structure. We construct candidate movement prediction models and evaluate their ability to predict the future trajectory of focal individuals. We find that baboon movements are best predicted by 4 to 6 neighbours. While these are generally individuals’ nearest neighbours, we find that baboons have distinct preferences for particular neighbours and that these social affiliates best predict individual location at longer time scales (>10 minutes). Our results support existing theoretical and empirical studies highlighting the importance of local rules in driving collective outcomes, such as collective departures, in primates. We extend previous studies by elucidating the rules that maintain cohesion in baboons ‘on the move’, as well as the different temporal scales of social interactions that are at play.
Taurine protects against As2O3-induced autophagy in livers of rat offsprings through PPARγ pathway
Authors: Bai Jie , Yao Xiaofeng , Jiang Liping , Zhang Qiaoting , Guan Huai , Liu Shuang , Wu Wei , Qiu Tianming , Gao Ni , Yang Lei , Yang Guang , Sun Xiance 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChronic exposures to arsenic had been associated with metabolism diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was found in the liver, regulated metabolism. Here, we found that the expression of PPARγ was decreased, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy were increased after treatment with As2O3 in offsprings’ livers. Taurine (Tau), a sulfur-containing β–amino acid could reverse As2O3-inhibited PPARγ. Tau also inhibit the generation of ROS and autophagy. We also found that As2O3 caused autophagic cell death and ROS accelerated in HepG2 cells. Before incubation with As2O3, the cells were pretreated with PPARγ activator Rosiglitazone (RGS), we found that autophagy and ROS was inhibited in HepG2 cells, suggesting that inhibition of PPARγ contributed to As2O3-induced autophagy and the generation of ROS. After pretreatment with Tau, the level of PPARγ was improved and the autophagy and ROS was inhibited in As2O3-treated cells, suggesting that Tau could protect hepatocytes against As2O3 through modulating PPARγ pathway.
Role of polymorphic bile salt export pump (BSEP, ABCB11) transporters in anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Chen Ru , Wang Jing , Tang Shaowen , Zhang Yuan , Lv Xiaozhen , Wu Shanshan , Yang Zhirong , Xia Yinyin , Chen Dafang , Zhan Siyan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEvidence indicates that the polymorphisms in bile salt export pump (BSEP, encoded by ABCB11) may play an important role in the development of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI) and we aim to investigate the association between genetic variants of ABCB11 and the risk of ATDILI in a Chinese cohort. A total of 89 tuberculosis patients with ATDILI and 356 matched ATDILI -free patients constituted cases and controls. Genetic polymorphisms of ABCB11 were determined by TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was estimated by conditional logistic regression model. There were no significant differences in genotype frequencies of ABCB11 between cases and controls. In the subgroup analysis, polymorphisms of rs2287616 were found to be associated with cholestatic/mixed pattern of liver injury under dominant and addictive model (OR = 3.84, 95% CI:1.16–12.75, P = 0.028 and OR = 2.51, 95% CI:1.12–5.62, P = 0.025, respectively), however the significance disappeared after Bonferroni correction. This study suggested that genetic variants of ABCB11 gene might contribute to anti-tuberculosis drug-induced cholestatic liver injury in Chinese patients. Studies in larger, varied populations are required to confirm these findings.
Inflammation-induced reversible switch of the neuron-specific enolase promoter from Purkinje neurons to Bergmann glia
Authors: Sawada Yusuke , Konno Ayumu , Nagaoka Jun , Hirai Hirokazu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNeuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a glycolytic isoenzyme found in mature neurons and cells of neuronal origin. Injecting adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors carrying the NSE promoter into the cerebellar cortex is likely to cause the specific transduction of neuronal cells, such as Purkinje cells (PCs) and interneurons, but not Bergmann glia (BG). However, we found BG-predominant transduction without PC transduction along a traumatic needle tract for viral injection. The enhancement of neuroinflammation by the co-application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with AAV9 significantly expanded the BG-predominant area concurrently with the potentiated microglial activation. The BG-predominant transduction was gradually replaced by the PC-predominant transduction as the neuroinflammation dissipated. Experiments using glioma cell cultures revealed significant activation of the NSE promoter due to glucose deprivation, suggesting that intracellularly stored glycogen is metabolized through the glycolytic pathway for energy. Activation of the glycolytic enzyme promoter in BG concurrently with inactivation in PC may have pathophysiological significance for the production of lactate in activated BG and the utilization of lactate, which is provided by the BG-PC lactate shuttle, as a primary energy resource in injured PCs.
Selective Deposition of SiO2 on Ion Conductive Area of Soda-lime Glass Surface
Authors: Sakai Daisuke , Harada Kenji , Hara Yuichiro , Ikeda Hiroshi , Funatsu Shiro , Uraji Keiichiro , Suzuki Toshio , Yamamoto Yuichi , Yamamoto Kiyoshi , Ikutame Naoki , Kawaguchi Keiga , Kaiju Hideo , Nishii Junji 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSelective deposition of SiO2 nanoparticles was demonstrated on a soda-lime glass surface with a periodic sodium deficient pattern formed using the electrical nanoimprint. Positively charged SiO2 particles generated using corona discharge in a cyclic siloxane vapor, were selectively deposited depending on the sodium pattern. For such phenomena to occur, the sodium ion migration to the cathode side was indispensable to the electrical charge compensation on the glass surface. Therefore, the deposition proceeded preferentially outside the alkali-deficient area. Periodic SiO2 structures with 424 nm and 180 nm heights were obtained using one-dimensional (6 μm period) and two-dimensional (500 nm period) imprinted patterns.
Comparative chemical genomics reveal that the spiroindolone antimalarial KAE609 (Cipargamin) is a P-type ATPase inhibitor
Authors: Goldgof Gregory M. , Durrant Jacob D. , Ottilie Sabine , Vigil Edgar , Allen Kenneth E. , Gunawan Felicia , Kostylev Maxim , Henderson Kiersten A. , Yang Jennifer , Schenken Jake , LaMonte Gregory M. , Manary Micah J. , Murao Ayako , Nachon Marie , Murray Rebecca , Prescott Maximo , McNamara Case W. , Slayman Carolyn W. , Amaro Rommie E. , Suzuki Yo , Winzeler Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe spiroindolones, a new class of antimalarial medicines discovered in a cellular screen, are rendered less active by mutations in a parasite P-type ATPase, PfATP4. We show here that S. cerevisiae also acquires mutations in a gene encoding a P-type ATPase (ScPMA1) after exposure to spiroindolones and that these mutations are sufficient for resistance. KAE609 resistance mutations in ScPMA1 do not confer resistance to unrelated antimicrobials, but do confer cross sensitivity to the alkyl-lysophospholipid edelfosine, which is known to displace ScPma1p from the plasma membrane. Using an in vitro cell-free assay, we demonstrate that KAE609 directly inhibits ScPma1p ATPase activity. KAE609 also increases cytoplasmic hydrogen ion concentrations in yeast cells. Computer docking into a ScPma1p homology model identifies a binding mode that supports genetic resistance determinants and in vitro experimental structure-activity relationships in both P. falciparum and S. cerevisiae. This model also suggests a shared binding site with the dihydroisoquinolones antimalarials. Our data support a model in which KAE609 exerts its antimalarial activity by directly interfering with P-type ATPase activity.
Hyperlipidemia and hepatitis in liver-specific CREB3L3 knockout mice generated using a one-step CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Nakagawa Yoshimi , Oikawa Fusaka , Mizuno Seiya , Ohno Hiroshi , Yagishita Yuka , Satoh Aoi , Osaki Yoshinori , Takei Kenta , Kikuchi Takuya , Han Song-iee , Matsuzaka Takashi , Iwasaki Hitoshi , Kobayashi Kazuto , Yatoh Shigeru , Yahagi Naoya , Isaka Masaaki , Suzuki Hiroaki , Sone Hirohito , Takahashi Satoru , Yamada Nobuhiro , Shimano Hitoshi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractcAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 3 (CREB3L3), a transcription factor expressed in the liver and small intestine, governs fasting-response energy homeostasis. Tissue-specific CREB3L3 knockout mice have not been generated till date. To our knowledge, this is the first study using the one-step CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate CREB3L3 floxed mice and subsequently obtain liver- and small intestine-specific Creb3l3 knockout (LKO and IKO, respectively) mice. While LKO mice as well as global KO mice developed hypertriglyceridemia, LKO mice exhibited hypercholesterolemia in contrast to hypocholesterolemia in global KO mice. LKO mice demonstrated up-regulation of hepatic Srebf2 and its corresponding target genes. No phenotypic differences were observed between IKO and floxed mice. Severe liver injury was observed in LKO mice fed a methionine-choline deficient diet, a model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. These results provide new evidence regarding the hepatic CREB3L3 role in plasma triglyceride metabolism and hepatic and intestinal CREB3L3 contributions to cholesterol metabolism.
The Novel Antitubulin Agent TR-764 Strongly Reduces Tumor Vasculature and Inhibits HIF-1α Activation
Authors: Porcù Elena , Persano Luca , Ronca Roberto , Mitola Stefania , Bortolozzi Roberta , Romagnoli Romeo , Oliva Paola , Basso Giuseppe , Viola Giampietro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTubulin binding agents (TBAs) are commonly used in cancer therapy as antimitotics. It has been described that TBAs, like combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), present also antivascular activity and among its derivatives we identified TR-764 as a new inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, based on the 2-(alkoxycarbonyl)-3-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyanilino)benzo[b]thiophene molecular skeleton. The antiangiogenic activity of TR-764 (1–10 nM) was tested in vitro on human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in vivo, on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and two murine tumor models. TR-764 binding to tubulin triggers cytoskeleton rearrangement without affecting cell cycle and viability. It leads to capillary tube disruption, increased cell permeability and cell motility reduction. Moreover it disrupts adherens junctions and focal adhesions, through mechanisms involving VE-cadherin/β-catenin and FAK/Src. Importantly, TR-764 is active in hypoxic conditions significantly reducing HIF-1α. In vivo TR-764 (1–100 pmol/egg) remarkably blocks the bFGF proangiogenic activity on CAM and shows a stronger reduction of tumor mass and microvascular density both in murine syngeneic and xenograft tumor models, compared to the lead compound CA-4P. Altogether, our results indicate that TR-764 is a novel TBA with strong potential as both antivascular and antitumor molecule that could improve the common anticancer therapies, by overcoming hypoxia-induced resistance mechanisms.
Extracellular vesicles are transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes after UVA irradiation
Authors: Wäster Petra , Eriksson Ida , Vainikka Linda , Rosdahl Inger , Öllinger Karin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) irradiation induces skin pigmentation, which relies on the intercellular crosstalk of melanin between melanocytes to keratinocytes. However, studying the separate effects of UVA and UVB irradiation reveals differences in cellular response. Herein, we show an immediate shedding of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the plasma membrane when exposing human melanocytes to UVA, but not UVB. The EV-shedding is preceded by UVA-induced plasma membrane damage, which is rapidly repaired by Ca2+-dependent lysosomal exocytosis. Using co-cultures of melanocytes and keratinocytes, we show that EVs are preferably endocytosed by keratinocytes. Importantly, EV-formation is prevented by the inhibition of exocytosis and increased lysosomal pH but is not affected by actin and microtubule inhibitors. Melanosome transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes is equally stimulated by UVA and UVB and depends on a functional cytoskeleton. In conclusion, we show a novel cell response after UVA irradiation, resulting in transfer of lysosome-derived EVs from melanocytes to keratinocytes.