bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When Gender Identity Doesn't Equal Sex Recorded at Birth: The Role of the Laboratory in Providing Effective Healthcare to the Transgender Community
Authors: Goldstein Zil , Corneil Trevor A , Greene Dina N 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDTransgender is an umbrella term used to describe individuals who identify with a gender incongruent to or variant from their sex recorded at birth. Affirming gender identity through a variety of social, medical, and surgical interventions is critical to the mental health of transgender individuals. In recent years, awareness surrounding transgender identities has increased, which has highlighted the health disparities that parallel this demographic. These disparities are reflected in the experience of transgender patients and their providers when seeking clinical laboratory services.CONTENTLittle is known about the effect of gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery on optimal laboratory test interpretation. Efforts to diminish health disparities encountered by transgender individuals and their providers can be accomplished by increasing social and clinical awareness regarding sex/gender incongruence and gaining insight into the physiological manifestations and laboratory interpretations of gender-affirming strategies. This review summarizes knowledge required to understand transgender healthcare including current clinical interventions for gender dysphoria. Particular attention is paid to the subsequent impact of these interventions on laboratory test utilization and interpretation. Common nomenclature and system barriers are also discussed.SUMMARYUnderstanding gender incongruence, the clinical changes associated with gender transition, and systemic barriers that maintain a gender/sex binary are key to providing adequate healthcare to transgender community. Transgender appropriate reference interval studies are virtually absent within the medical literature and should be explored. The laboratory has an important role in improving the physiological understanding, electronic medical system recognition, and overall social awareness of the transgender community.
Prevention Strategies for HIV in Youth: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Sianturi Sondang Ratnauli 
Published: July 2017

Purpose: To provide nurse educators how to address the problem of HIV/AIDS in the youth through the concept of prevention strategiesMethods: Review articles published during 2005 until 2014 that focused on HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. The databases used in this study were EBSCO, Medline, CINAHL, PubMed.Result: HIV knowledge is an important factor influencing HIV risk perceptions and risk behaviors especially among youth.The concept of prevention strategies designed and tested to address risk behavior on young people at every step along their developmental path. Strategies are very important ways for preventing HIV/AIDS, especially in youth. Conclusion: The attributes that characterize the concept of strategies are: plan, process, studying different ways, focusing on the greatest need, and analyzing and learning. Although strategies are used in prevention, they are not maximized in Indonesia. The best strategies for the different age groups have not yet been determined. With use of the best strategies, nurse educator can teach nursing students how best to reach youth and other people in the community to prevent HIV.
A phase-field approximation of the Steiner problem in dimension two
Authors: Chambolle Antonin , Ferrari Luca Alberto Davide , Merlet Benoit 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper we consider the branched transportation problem in two dimensions associated with a cost per unit length of the form1+β⁢θ{1+\beta\,\theta}, where θ denotes the amount of transported mass andβ>0{\beta>0}is a fixed parameter (notice that the limit caseβ=0{\beta=0}corresponds to the classical Steiner problem). Motivated by the numerical approximation of this problem, we introduce a family of functionals ({ℱε}ε>0{\{\mathcal{F}_{\varepsilon}\}_{\varepsilon>0}}) which approximate the above branched transport energy. We justify rigorously the approximation by establishing the equicoercivity and the Γ-convergence of{ℱε}{\{\mathcal{F}_{\varepsilon}\}}asε↓0{\varepsilon\downarrow 0}. Our functionals are modeled on the Ambrosio–Tortorelli functional and are easy to optimize in practice. We present numerical evidences of the efficiency of the method.
In vitro effects of purine and pyrimidine analogues on Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes
Authors: Azzouz Samira , Lawton Philippe 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInhibition of parasite metabolic pathways is a rationale for new chemotherapeutic strategies. The pyrimidine and purine salvage pathways are thus targets against
The systematic position and structure of the genus Leyogonimus Ginetsinskaya, 1948 (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) with comments on the taxonomy of the superfamily Microphalloidea Ward, 1901
Authors: Kanarek Gerard , Zaleśny Grzegorz , Sitko Jiljí , Tkach Vasyl V. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe systematic position, phylogenetic relationships and composition of the genus
Leishmania infantum is present in vaginal secretions of naturally infected bitches at lower levels in oestrogenized bitches than in non-oestrogenized bitches
Authors: Magro Alinne Gonçalves , Assis Viviane Pedersoli , Silva Lucélia Coimbra , Tafuri Wagner Luiz , Silva Soraia Oliveira , Melo Maria Norma , Valle Guilherme Ribeiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNaturally
An Investigation of Residential Insurance Demand-side Reactions After a Natural Catastrophe: The Case of the 2010–11 Christchurch Earthquakes
Authors: Mumo Richard , Watt Richard 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This study gives an empirical analysis of residential insurance demand-side reactions after an earthquake disaster using survey data. The paper discussed the study hypothesis from economic analysis perspective with significance econometric tests to explain how insurance demand for residential property changed post-catastrophe. Our empirical results observe higher risk perception from those who have had prior experience of catastrophes than those who have not. This positively influence the demand for residential insurance cover in the aftermath of a natural disaster with higher demand observed in the regions with higher seismic risk. These results support the research hypothesis and are consistent with the findings in our literature. A change in insurance level is less likely when the cost of the insurance is high, when the expected loss is low, and individuals becomes wealthier. We also find evidence of effects that remain to be explained, such as the greater sensitivity to both cost of insurance coverage and risk perception than to the size of the potential loss. We observe a positive relationship between household characteristics and the degree of risk aversion and how this changes with change in level of income, change in value of insured assets and change in insurance premiums. An increase in individual’s income alone has no major effect on insurance demand if the premium rates are within the demanders’ price range. However, positive loading of premiums to reflect transaction costs and possibility of adverse selection might affect insurance coverage level if premium rates become too high. In such cases, the direction of the effect depends on whether an increase in income increases both the premium rates and the insured asset and on whether the insurance demander has increasing or decreasing absolute risk aversion.
Convergence in Positive Time for a Finite Difference Method Applied to a Fractional Convection-Diffusion Problem
Authors: Gracia José Luis , O’Riordan Eugene , Stynes Martin 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A standard finite difference method on a uniform mesh is used to solve a time-fractional convection-diffusion initial-boundary value problem. Such problems typically exhibit a mild singularity at the initial time

t
=
0

{t=0}

. It is proved that the rate of convergence of the maximum nodal error on any subdomain that is bounded away from

t
=
0

{t=0}

is higher than the rate obtained when the maximum nodal error is measured over the entire space-time domain. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the theoretical error bounds.
Semi-Discrete Galerkin Finite Element Method for the Diffusive Peterlin Viscoelastic Model
Authors: Jiang Yao-Lin , Yang Yun-Bo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a semi-discrete Galerkin finite element method is applied to the two-dimensional diffusive Peterlin viscoelastic model which can describe the unsteady behavior of some incompressible ploymeric fluids. For the derived semi-discrete finite element spatial discretization scheme, the a priori bounds are given that does not rely on the mesh width restriction. Further, with the help of the a priori error bounds of the Stokes and Ritz projections, optimal error estimates for the velocity, the conformation tensor and the pressure are presented, respectively. Finally, in order to implement the proposed semi-discrete numerical scheme, we derive three kinds of fully discrete schemes, e.g., Newton’s iterative scheme, Picard’s iterative scheme and implicit-explicit time-stepping scheme. Finally, several numerical experiments are conducted to confirm our theoretical results.
A Study on the Galerkin Least-Squares Method for the Oldroyd-B Model
Authors: Chen Tsu-Fen , Lee Hyesuk , Liu Chia-Chen 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We consider a reduced Galerkin least-squares finite element method for the Oldroyd-B model of viscoelastic fluid flows. Model problems considered are the flow past a planar channel and a 4-to-1 contraction problems.
An a priori error estimate for the reduced Galerkin least-squares method is derived and numerical results supporting the estimate are presented.
Everolimus treatment of a fetal intracardiac rhabdomyoma not associated with the tuberous sclerosis complex: a case report
Authors: Schmidt-Fittschen Monica , Spahn Stephan , Al Naimi Ammar , Schranz Dietmar , Bahlmann Franz 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Benign cardiac rhabdomyomas are the most common cardiac tumors in fetuses and children. They are most often located in the ventricles and may disturb myocardial function, the severity correlating with location and size of the tumor. Rhabdomyomas are commonly associated with the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and are the first clinical manifestation in 50–80% of the cases [Isaacs H Jr. Fetal and neonatal cardiac tumors. Pediatr Cardiol. 2004;25:252–73, Colosi E, Russo C, Macaluso G, Musone R, Catalano C. Sonographic diagnosis of fetal cardiac rhabdomyomas and cerebral tubers: a case report of prenatal tuberous sclerosis. J Prenat Med. 2013;7:51–5]. Several authors have documented the sensitivity of TSC-associated rhabdomyomas to everolimus treatment [Hoshal SG, Samuel BP, Schneider JR, Mammen L, Vettukattil JJ. Regression of massive cardiac rhabdomyoma on everolimus therapy. Pediatr Int. 2016;58:397–9, Mlczoch E, Hanslik A, Luckner D, Kitzmüller E, Prayer D, Michel-Behnke I. Prenatal diagnosis of giant cardiac rhabdomyoma in tuberous sclerosis complex: a new therapeutic option with everolimus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015;45:618–21, Tiberio D, Franz DN, Phillips JR. Regression of a cardiac rhabdomyoma in a patient receiving everolimus. Pediatrics. 2011;127:e1335–7]. The present study provides convincing evidence of successful everolimus therapy in a newborn without the TSC complex.

Case presentation
A cardiac rhabdomyoma measuring 35 × 28 × 24 mm was seen in a fetus in pre- and postnatal echocardiography. There was no family history for TSC and amniocentesis showed no mutations in the TSC1/TSC2 genes. Off-label treatment with everolimus began when the neonate was 11 days old and was discontinued when the infant was 11 months old after echocardiography showed marked regression of tumor size and improvement of the tricuspid valve insufficiency. Echocardiography 3 months later showed an increase in size to 13.2 × 9 mm, so that everolimus therapy was re-instated. The next echocardiography, 10 weeks later, showed renewed regression of tumor size and a residual moderate tricuspid valve insufficiency under everolimus therapy.

Discussion
The present report of a rhabdomyoma in a newborn without an association with TSC is of interest because it identifies a treatment effect of everolimus. A medical approach in patients with cardiac decompensation due to intracardiac rhabdomyomas offers an attractive alternative to surgery.
The theoretical underpinnings of Internet addiction and its association with psychopathology in adolescence
Authors: Taylor Shawn , Pattara-angkoon Sirirada , Sirirat Schwanagorn , Woods Damith 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper reviews the psychological and theoretical underpinnings that might help to explain the reported relationship between Internet addiction (IA) and psychopathology in both children and adolescents. Drawing on cognitive-behavioural models and social-skills theory, IA shows a strong relationship with depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and time spent using the Internet use. Mixed findings are reported for social anxiety. Loneliness and hostility were also found to be associated with IA. Gender and age moderated these relationships with greater psychopathology generally reported among males and younger Internet users. This paper adds to the growing body of literature showing an association between IA and a range of mental health problems in both children and adolescents. A dependence on the Internet can potentially result in significant harm both socially and psychologically. While research has identified a potential pathway commencing with mental health problems and concluding with IA, few studies have examined the alternative direction and this may provide the impetus for future research endeavours.
The Immunoreactive Protein was Produced During Absorption of Glycinin or its Hydrolysate in IPEC-J2
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Zhang Shiyao , Naren Gaowa , Qin Guixin 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The allergens absorbed in immunoreactive form by the gut epithelium might induce the occurrence of allergy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the absorption and intracellular accumulation of the intact or hydrolyzed glycinin in the porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). The IPEC-J2 cells were incubated by 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL glycinin or its hydrolysate for 2, 4, 8 or 12 h. The amounts of immunoreactive glycinin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The intact and hydrolyzed glycinin fragments of epithelial absorption were identified by immunoblotting and mass spectrometry (MS). We found that glycinin or its hydrolysate is expensively absorbed with the increase of dose and time. The 35 kD or 22 kD protein with glycinin-specific epitopes was detected in the intracellular extracts and basolateral solutions. The results indicate that the glycinin or its hydrolysate could be absorbed; meanwhile, the 35kD or 22kD protein was correspondingly produced during absorption.
Language of power or “fringe language”?: English in postcolonial India, 1946–1968
Authors: Bharadwaj Vasudha 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIndia’s “official language controversy” spanned over two decades from 1946 to 1967, during which the proposal to replace English with Hindi met with resistance from various quarters. However, the inter-regional ethno-linguistic politics of India came together with the developmental vision for an industrialized postcolonial democracy to ensure its validation and continuance in as a co-official language of the republic. My analysis identifies a widespread perception, among supporters as well as detractors of English in India at the time, that the “international”/“foreign” credentials of the language made it an instrument of change across various regional, religious, caste, class, and ethnic communities. The language came to be reframed during this period due to the coming together of India’s colonial past and its distinct regional and community histories with the views of leading public figures. Perhaps most surprising, however, is the complex part played by a “hybrid” minority constituency in public debate: the mixed race Anglo-Indian community, in dissociating from the former “home” country of England re-defined itself and its relationship with the new republic, and ultimately served as a catalyst in reframing the language as not merely international or colonial, but as Indian.
Histopathological and biochemical assessments of Costus afer stem on alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Ezejiofor Anthoneth Ndidi , Igweze Zelinjo Nkeiruka , Udowelle Nnaemeka Arinze , Orisakwe Orish Ebere 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background:
In continuation of our study of the biological activity of the aqueous extract of Costus afer stem used in tradomedicare in Nigeria, this work has investigated the biochemical, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and protective effects of aqueous extract of C. afer stem on alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic albino Wistar rats.

Methods:
Thirty male albino Wistar rats (150−200 g) were weight-matched into six groups of five rats each. Groups 1 and 2 were the normal (non-induced) and toxic (alloxan-induced) controls, respectively. Groups 3−6 were induced and treated with 1, 2 and 3 g/kg of the aqueous extract of C. afer stem and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), respectively. Food and fluid intake, body weight, absolute and relative weight of organs (liver, pancreas, and kidneys) and biochemical parameters were measured.

Results:
There was a significant reduction in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin triglyceride, creatinine, urea and electrolyte when compared with toxic control group. The liver marker enzymes were restored in all the treated groups. The aqueous stem extract possessed hypoglycaemic effect and reversed the histopathological damage in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that aqueous stem extract of C. afer possesses both hypoglycaemic and organ protective properties.
Artificial light-at-night – a novel lifestyle risk factor for metabolic disorder and cancer morbidity
Authors: Zubidat Abed E. , Haim Abraham 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Both obesity and breast cancer are already recognized worldwide as the most common syndromes in our modern society. Currently, there is accumulating evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies suggesting that these syndromes are closely associated with circadian disruption. It has been suggested that melatonin (MLT) and the circadian clock genes both play an important role in the development of these syndromes. However, we still poorly understand the molecular mechanism underlying the association between circadian disruption and the modern health syndromes. One promising candidate is epigenetic modifications of various genes, including clock genes, circadian-related genes, oncogenes, and metabolic genes. DNA methylation is the most prominent epigenetic signaling tool for gene expression regulation induced by environmental exposures, such as artificial light-at-night (ALAN). In this review, we first provide an overview on the molecular feedback loops that generate the circadian regulation and how circadian disruption by ALAN can impose adverse impacts on public health, particularly metabolic disorders and breast cancer development. We then focus on the relation between ALAN-induced circadian disruption and both global DNA methylation and specific loci methylation in relation to obesity and breast cancer morbidities. DNA hypo-methylation and DNA hyper-methylation, are suggested as the most studied epigenetic tools for the activation and silencing of genes that regulate metabolic and monostatic responses. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical and therapeutic roles of MLT suppression and DNA methylation patterns as novel biomarkers for the early detection of metabolic disorders and breast cancer development.
Subgroups of relatively hyperbolic groups of Bredon cohomological dimension 2
Authors: Martínez-Pedroza Eduardo 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A remarkable result of Gersten states that the class of hyperbolic groups of cohomological dimension 2 is closed under taking finitely presented (or more generally

FP
2

{\mathrm{FP}_{2}}

) subgroups. We prove the analogous result for relatively hyperbolic groups of Bredon cohomological dimension 2 with respect to the family of parabolic subgroups. A class of groups where our result applies consists of

C
′

⁢

(

1
/
6

)

{C^{\prime}(1/6)}

small cancellation products. The proof relies on an algebraic approach to relative homological Dehn functions, and a characterization of relative hyperbolicity in the framework of finiteness properties over Bredon modules and homological Isoperimetric inequalities.
Fictional Names in Psychologistic Semantics
Authors: Maier Emar 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Fictional names pose a difficult puzzle for semantics. How can we maintain that Frodo is a hobbit, while admitting that Frodo does not exist? To dissolve this paradox, I propose a way to formalize the interpretation of fiction as ‘prescriptions to imagine’ (Walton 1990) within a psychologistic semantic framework in the style of Kamp (1990). In the context of an information exchange, the interpretation of an assertion triggers a dynamic update of a belief component in the interpreter’s mental state, while in the context of a fictional narrative, a statement like Frodo is a hobbit triggers an update of an imagination component. In the computation of these updates, proper names – referential, empty, or fictional – are uniformly analyzed as presupposition triggers. The possibility of different attitude components in a single mental state sharing discourse referents and thereby referentially depending on each other ultimately allows us to account for the central paradox of fictional names and related puzzles.
Analysis of USA Powerlifting Federation Data From January 1, 2012–June 11, 2016
Authors: Ball Robert , Weidman Drew 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Ball, R and Weidman, D. Analysis of USA Powerlifting federation data from January 1, 2012–June 11, 2016. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 1843–1851, 2018—In this article, we report 47,913 officially judged contestant results from powerlifting matches from January 1, 2012 to June 11, 2016 for the USA Powerlifting Federation. We found age and sex to be the most complex factors in predicting powerlifting results. For women, in general, the younger the woman is the more they can squat; the older the woman is the less they can squat. For men and women, with the 1 exception for women's squat, the peak age of lifting power is between the ages 24–49, at which point lifting power slowly declines. Women's peak performance declines faster than men's peak performance. Women seem to reach their peak sooner than men and decline sooner than men. We also analyzed match attendance. At matches with a large number of competitors, there is a 1:1.7 ratio of women to men, approximately a 2–3 ratio of women to men. Except for the lightest weight category of men, the ratio of weight to lift decreases the more they weigh. For example, a lighter person can generally lift a greater percentage of their weight than a heavier person. In addition, men in general can lift a heavier ratio of their weight when compared with women. The powerlifting stereotype of mostly heavy men lifting extremely large amounts of weights is simply wrong. There is a large amount of variation in age, weight, and sex.