bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BiFCROS: A Low-Background Fluorescence Repressor Operator System for Labeling of Genomic Loci
Authors: Milbredt Sarah , Waldminghaus Torsten 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Fluorescence-based methods are widely used to analyze elementary cell processes such as DNA replication or chromosomal folding and segregation. Labeling DNA with a fluorescent protein allows the visualization of its temporal and spatial organization. One popular approach is FROS (fluorescence repressor operator system). This method specifically labels DNA in vivo through binding of a fusion of a fluorescent protein and a repressor protein to an operator array, which contains numerous copies of the repressor binding site integrated into the genomic site of interest. Bound fluorescent proteins are then visible as foci in microscopic analyses and can be distinguished from the background fluorescence caused by unbound fusion proteins. Even though this method is widely used, no attempt has been made so far to decrease the background fluorescence to facilitate analysis of the actual signal of interest. Here, we present a new method that greatly reduces the background signal of FROS. BiFCROS (Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation and Repressor Operator System) is based on fusions of repressor proteins to halves of a split fluorescent protein. Binding to a hybrid FROS array results in fluorescence signals due to bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Only proteins bound to the hybrid FROS array fluoresce, greatly improving the signal to noise ratio compared to conventional FROS. We present the development of BiFCROS and discuss its potential to be used as a fast and single-cell readout for copy numbers of genetic loci.
Adaptive Roles ofSSY1andSIR3During Cycles of Growth and Starvation inSaccharomyces cerevisiaePopulations Enriched for Quiescent or Nonquiescent Cells
Authors: Wloch-Salamon Dominika M , Tomala Katarzyna , Aggeli Dimitra , Dunn Barbara 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOver its evolutionary history, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has evolved to be well-adapted to fluctuating nutrient availability. In the presence of sufficient nutrients, yeast cells continue to proliferate, but upon starvation haploid yeast cells enter stationary phase and differentiate into nonquiescent (NQ) and quiescent (Q) cells. Q cells survive stress better than NQ cells and show greater viability when nutrient-rich conditions are restored. To investigate the genes that may be involved in the differentiation of Q and NQ cells, we serially propagated yeast populations that were enriched for either only Q or only NQ cell types over many repeated growth–starvation cycles. After 30 cycles (equivalent to 300 generations), each enriched population produced a higher proportion of the enriched cell type compared to the starting population, suggestive of adaptive change. We also observed differences in each population’s fitness suggesting possible tradeoffs: clones from NQ lines were better adapted to logarithmic growth, while clones from Q lines were better adapted to starvation. Whole-genome sequencing of clones from Q- and NQ-enriched lines revealed mutations in genes involved in the stress response and survival in limiting nutrients (ECM21, RSP5, MSN1, SIR4, and IRA2) in both Q and NQ lines, but also differences between the two lines: NQ line clones had recurrent independent mutations affecting the Ssy1p-Ptr3p-Ssy5p (SPS) amino acid sensing pathway, while Q line clones had recurrent, independent mutations in SIR3 and FAS1. Our results suggest that both sets of enriched-cell type lines responded to common, as well as distinct, selective pressures.
The Mitotic Exit Network Regulates Spindle Pole Body Selection During Sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Renicke Christian , Allmann Ann-Katrin , Lutz Anne Pia , Heimerl Thomas , Taxis Christof 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Age-based inheritance of centrosomes in eukaryotic cells is associated with faithful chromosome distribution in asymmetric cell divisions. During Saccharomyces cerevisiae ascospore formation, such an inheritance mechanism targets the yeast centrosome equivalents, the spindle pole bodies (SPBs) at meiosis II onset. Decreased nutrient availability causes initiation of spore formation at only the younger SPBs and their associated genomes. This mechanism ensures encapsulation of nonsister genomes, which preserves genetic diversity and provides a fitness advantage at the population level. Here, by usage of an enhanced system for sporulation-induced protein depletion, we demonstrate that the core mitotic exit network (MEN) is involved in age-based SPB selection. Moreover, efficient genome inheritance requires Dbf2/20-Mob1 during a late step in spore maturation. We provide evidence that the meiotic functions of the MEN are more complex than previously thought. In contrast to mitosis, completion of the meiotic divisions does not strictly rely on the MEN whereas its activity is required at different time points during spore development. This is reminiscent of vegetative MEN functions in spindle polarity establishment, mitotic exit, and cytokinesis. In summary, our investigation contributes to the understanding of age-based SPB inheritance during sporulation of S. cerevisiae and provides general insights on network plasticity in the context of a specialized developmental program. Moreover, the improved system for a developmental-specific tool to induce protein depletion will be useful in other biological contexts.
Genotypic Complexity of Fisher’s Geometric Model
Authors: Hwang Sungmin , Park Su-Chan , Krug Joachim 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn his celebrated model of adaptation, Fisher assumed a smooth phenotype fitness map with one optimum. This assumption is at odds with the rugged.....Fisher’s geometric model was originally introduced to argue that complex adaptations must occur in small steps because of pleiotropic constraints. When supplemented with the assumption of additivity of mutational effects on phenotypic traits, it provides a simple mechanism for the emergence of genotypic epistasis from the nonlinear mapping of phenotypes to fitness. Of particular interest is the occurrence of reciprocal sign epistasis, which is a necessary condition for multipeaked genotypic fitness landscapes. Here we compute the probability that a pair of randomly chosen mutations interacts sign epistatically, which is found to decrease with increasing phenotypic dimension n, and varies nonmonotonically with the distance from the phenotypic optimum. We then derive expressions for the mean number of fitness maxima in genotypic landscapes comprised of all combinations of L random mutations. This number increases exponentially with L, and the corresponding growth rate is used as a measure of the complexity of the landscape. The dependence of the complexity on the model parameters is found to be surprisingly rich, and three distinct phases characterized by different landscape structures are identified. Our analysis shows that the phenotypic dimension, which is often referred to as phenotypic complexity, does not generally correlate with the complexity of fitness landscapes and that even organisms with a single phenotypic trait can have complex landscapes. Our results further inform the interpretation of experiments where the parameters of Fisher’s model have been inferred from data, and help to elucidate which features of empirical fitness landscapes can be described by this model.
Efecto de un quelante de zinc extracelular sobre el número de celulas ganglionares en retina de rata, y transportadores de taurina y de zinc en estas células
Authors: Márquez García Asarí , Salazar Víctor , Lima Lucimey 
Published: April 2017

La deficiencia de zinc en humanos produce disminución de antioxidantes, asociados a taurina, en la retina y se relaciona con adaptación anormal a la oscuridad, cataratas, ceguera y degeneración macular. Existe escasa evidencia acerca del efecto del zinc sobre el sistema de taurina en retina de mamíferos, por lo cual estudiamos el efecto del zinc sobre el transportador de taurina (TAUT) y los transportadores de zinc (ZnT-1 y 3) usando el quelante de zinc extracelular, ácido dietileno-triamino-penta-acético (DTPA), mediante inmunocitoquímica e inmunohistoquímica fluorescentes en células ganglionares (CG) y en las capas de la retina de ratas. Tres días después de la administración de DTPA (10 µM) se utilizaron anticuerpos primarios y secundarios conjugados con rodamina o fluoresceína-5-isotiocianato (FITC) según fuera el caso. Para el marcaje inmunocitoquímico se contaron trescientas células por condición y la intensidad de fluorescencia se midió como densidad óptica integrada (DOI) en cuatro áreas por cada capa del tejido. El DTPA produjo una disminución en un 32 % y 29 % de las CG del total de células marcadas con los anticuerpos contra glicoproteína Thy 1.1 y γ-sinucleína, respectivamente. También produjo una disminución significativa de la distribución de TAUT en un 27 y 28 % respecto a los controles. DTPA disminuyó la localización de ZnT-1 y ZnT-3 en las capas de retina (células ganglionares, CCG) y en las plexiformes externa e interna, CPE y CPI). El estudio de estos transportadores en la retina resulta relevante para entender las interacciones de taurina y de zinc en esta estructura.
Evaluación de la respuesta de cultivos celulares de (Fouquieria splendens ssp. breviflora) Fouquieriaceae bajo estrés hídrico.
Authors: Guerrero Zúñiga Leonor Angélica , Rodríguez Dorantes Angélica 
Published: April 2017

Los cultivos de células vegetales son sistemas experimentales homogéneos altamente controlables que permiten el estudio de adaptaciones bajo condiciones de estrés hídrico, sin la interferencia de los diferentes tejidos y estados del desarrollo vegetal. Una aproximación para comprender esas adaptaciones, es la aparición de proteínas inducidas, resultado de la alteración en la expresión génica. El presente trabajo analizó la respuesta de cultivos de células de Fouquieria splendens ssp. breviflora, expuestos a ácido abscísico (ABA), mediante la caracterización electroforética en cantidad y calidad de las proteínas inducibles de estrés. Se registraron polipéptidos de bajo peso molecular (< 35KDa), comunes bajo la exposición a 10 mM, seguida la asociación con 20 y 30 mM de ABA, quedando aislada la respuesta de la condición de células en cultivo sin la presencia de éste.
Respuesta de la clorofila y el metabolismo de un arroyo Andino al aumento de temperatura en un experimento ex situ.
Authors: Infante Cangrejo Viviana , Donato Rondón Jhon Charles 
Published: April 2017

En los trópicos, el cambio climático puede significar un incremento en la temperatura que puede afectar la diversidad biológica de los ecosistemas fluviales, favoreciendo la llegada de especies propias de aguas más cálidas. La variación de temperatura puede también afectar las relaciones tróficas y el metabolismo del sistema. En el presente estudio, se analizó el efecto de 2-4ºC de aumento de la temperatura del agua sobre el ensamble de diatomeas y el metabolismo del río Tota (alta montaña andina). Para este propósito, se utilizaron canales artificiales de recirculación, en los que diariamente se midieron variables fisicoquímicas (pH, conductividad, temperatura, oxígeno disuelto y velocidad del agua), se recolectaron e identificaron diatomeas, se midió la clorofila-a y el metabolismo mediante cámaras recirculantes. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las variables fisicoquímicas medidas. Aunque no se pudo detectar diferencias significativas en la variables respuesta atribuibles al aumento de la temperatura, si hubo respuestas cualitativas en la clorofila y en el metabolismo. El trabajo experimental representa un aporte para el estudio del impacto del aumento de temperatura sobre los sistemas lóticos de alta montaña en Colombia. Los resultados ilustran los posibles cambios que se pueden registrar en los sistemas de alta montaña andina como consecuencia del cambio climático.
Long-term prediction of wind speed in La Serena City (Chile) using hybrid neural network-particle swarm algorithm
Authors: Lazzús Juan A , Salfate Ignacio 
Published: April 2017

An artificial neural network was used for forecasting of long-term wind speed data (24 and 48 hours ahead) in La Serena City (Chile). In order to obtain a more effective correlation and prediction, a particle swarm algorithm was implemented to update the weights of the network. 43800 data points of wind speed were used (years 2003- 2007), and the past values of wind speed, relative humidity, and air temperature were used as input parameters, considering that these meteorogical parameters are more readily available around the globe. Several neural network architectures were studied, and the optimum architecture was determined by adding neurons in systematic form and evaluating the root mean square error (RMSE) during the learning process. The results show that the meteorological variables used as input parameters, have influential effects on the good training and predicting capabilities of the chosen network, and that the hybrid neural network can forecast the hourly wind speed with acceptable accuracy, such as: RMSE=0.81 [m·s−1], MSE=0.65 [m·s−1] 2 and R2 =0.97 for 24-hours-ahead wind speed prediction, and RMSE=0.78, MSE=0.634 [m·s−1] 2 and R2 =0.97 for 48-hours-ahead wind speed prediction. Predicción a largo plazo de la velocidad de viento en la ciudad de La Serena (Chile) utilizando un algoritmo híbrido de red neuronal-enjambre de partículasResumenUna red neuronal artificial fue utilizada para la predicción de datos de la velocidad de viento a largo plazo (24 y 48 horas en adelanto) en la Ciudad de La Serena (Chile). Para obtener una efectiva correlación y predición, se implementó una optimización de enjambre de particulas para actualizar los pesos de la red. Se emplearon 43800 datos de velocidad de viento (años 2003-2007), y los valores pasados de velocidad del viento, humedad relativa y temperatura del aire fueron utilizados como parámetros de entrada, considerando que estos parámetros meteorológicos se encuentran fácilmente disponibles en todo el mundo. Se estudiaron varias arquitecturas de redes neuronales y la arquitectura optima se determine añadiendo neuronas de forma sistemática y evaluando la raíz del error cuadrático medio (RMSE) durante el proceso de aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran que las variables meteorológicas utilizadas como parámetros de entrada, tienen un efecto positivo sobre el correcto entrenamiento y capacidades predictivas de la red, y que la red neural híbrida puede pronosticar la velocidad del viento horaria con una precisión aceptable, como un RMSE=0.81 [m·s−1], MSE=0.65 [m·s−1] 2 y R2 =0.97 para la predicción de la velocidad del viento de 24 horas en adelanto, y un RMSE=0.78, MSE=0.634 [m·s−1] 2 and R2 =0.97 para la predicción de la velocidad del viento de 48 horas en adelanto
The Modified Quasi-geostrophic Barotropic Models Based on Unsteady Topography
Authors: Zhao Baojun , Sun Wenjin , Zhan Tianming 
Published: April 2017

New models using scale analysis and perturbation methods were derivated starting from the shallow water equations based on barotropic fluids. In the paper, to discuss the irregular topography with different magnitudes, especially considering the condition of the vast terrain, some modified quasi-geostrophic barotropic models were obtained. The unsteady terrain is more suitable to describe the motion of the fluid state of the earth because of the change of global climate and environment, so the modified models are more rational potential vorticity equations. If we do not consider the influence of topography and other factors, the models degenerate to the general quasi-geostrophic barotropic equations in the previous studies. Modelos semigeostróficos barotrópicos modificados con base en topografía inestableResumenEste trabajo deduce nuevos modelos con el uso de los métodos de análisis a escala y de perturbación a partir de las ecuaciones de aguas poco profundas con base en fluidos barotrópicos. En este artículo se obtuvieron algunos modelos semigeostróficos barotrópicos para aplicar en zonas de topografía inestable con diferentes magnitudes y considerar especialmente la condición del extenso terreno. La topografía inestable es más propicia para describir el movimiento del estado fluido de la tierra debido al cambio del clima y ambiente, por lo tanto los modelos modificados son ecuaciones de vorticidad potenciales más razonables. Si no se considera la influencia de la topografía y otros factores, los modelos se reducirían a las ecuaciones generales semigeostróficas barotrópicas de estudios anteriores.
Il metodo Freedom Writers: Aiutare gli adolescenti a scrivere di sè e celebrare il cambiamento
Authors: Cursio Giuseppe 
Published: April 2017

This article presents the experience of a teacher – Erin Gruwell – an English literature teacher at a school in Long Beach, Los Angeles (California). The teacher, proposing in school writing a personal diary at school, created significant conditions for change for the students. The educational experiences offered by Erin Gruwell spurred the motivation to write diaries. Doing this has opened up a reflective space on their hard life: the students have begun to think about a future of hope. Of particular significance was the experience of „Toast for Change”, which marked a new beginning in the lives of these students.
Memories of Adults Regarding Relations with Parents in Childhood
Authors: Osewska Elżbieta 
Published: April 2017

Research into memory in adults reminiscing about childhood memories is not well‑­established. Some people seem to have vivid memories from very early ages, while others remember events beginning around age four or five. The aim of this article is to present memories of adults regarding relationships with their parents in childhood based on two surveys. First research was undertaken by the Public Opinion Research Centre (in Polish: Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej). Second one, qualitative research of childhood relations was conducted by the author of this article among students of family studies from The Cardinal Wyszyński University in Warsaw. On the basis of quantitative and qualitative research on Poles with regard to their childhood memories, several conclusions may be drawn. First of all, the surveyed Poles have positive childhood memories with regard to relations with parents and the process of upbringing. A larger proportion stresses a better bond with their mother. Only in some of the quoted recollections of students, there appears greater significance of relations with father, who gave them a sense of security, pointed out values and established a model of masculinity. A large number of the polled adults declared that parents were close to them and cared for their social, moral and religious education.
El aprendizaje del lenguaje y los saberes necesarios para la educación de hoy / Learning the language and required knowledge for the education of today
Authors: Carbajal García Sandra Elizabeth 
Published: April 2017

<p>El artículo aborda el tema del aprendizaje de la lengua en relación con los saberes necesarios para la educación de hoy y el futuro. Se reflexiona en la función del lenguaje en la formación del ser humano y su ascenso a la generalidad. Se considera a la comprensión intelectual e intersubjetiva como vía de dilucidación de la realidad y del texto literario. Se explica también el proceso de la producción de significados en relación con los derechos del buen vivir y la adquisición y uso de conceptos en el tratamiento interpretativo del lenguaje. </p>
Inconsistencia de la dimensión analítica-empírica desde la conformación cerebral cognitiva
Authors: San Martín García Rómulo Ignacio 
Published: April 2017

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Hay una inconsistencia de la perspectiva analítica losó ca de frente a la estructura cerebral; ésta es más que regresión hacia los átomos del conocimiento, que para los analíticos clásicos está en el exterior. </span></p><p><span>A la arquitectura cognitiva cerebral se la puede vislumbrar como un todo sintético que conjunta las dimensiones internas de la naturaleza humana con la externa, es decir que toma en cuenta tanto la exterioridad como la naturalidad y parte de ambas; en efecto el ordenamiento inteligente sabe bordar lo instintivo y límbico con los datos que le da la sensorialidad y a su vez lo instintivo-límbico en lo lingüístico-lógico y lo sensorial en lo lingüístico-lógico para la plani cación y la decisión, elementos muy propios y al mismo tiempo simultáneos en la estructura cerebral. Por lo tanto, el absolutizar la analítica es realmente una reducción del conocimiento, más aún, la reducción del signi cado de los contenidos a los hechos y a la materia, es un contradictorio cerebral, por la naturaleza misma de su estructura que no parcializa ni reduce nada como si es el caso de lo analítico. </span></p><p><span>El empirismo clásico y el del siglo pasado delante de los estudios de la estructura y funcionamiento del cerebro, resulta ser parcial, pues poseen una estructura reduccionista que se asimila totalitaria. No es que sea inválido totalmente, sino que es parcialmente válido, es decir que, si se analizan los contenidos desde la sensorialidad cerebral, es más o menos coherente, pero actualmente, quedarse sólo en ese campo e interpretación, e impertinencia cognitiva. </span></p></div></div></div>
REFLEKSI PENCIPTAAN MANUSIA BERBANGSA-BANGSA DAN BERSUKU-SUKU (TELAAH SURAH AL-HUJURÂT AYAT 13)
Authors: AM Mirhan 
Published: April 2017

In the uniqueness and the various of creating of human covered by Allah The almighty, we can take a study about the relationship between the Quran exegesis and the creating of human, then it reveals the differences of quality between one social community and the others according to their group. Islam with Quran argumentation only sees and values of people based on their piety to The God, Allah, not from the body shape, colour of skin, superiority of certain nation, the language, culture and custom, and other social regulation.
Advantages of Autologous Platelet‐Rich Fibrin Membrane on Gingival Crevicular Fluid Growth Factor Levels and Periodontal Healing: A Randomized Split‐Mouth Clinical Study
Authors: Arabacı Taner , Kose Oguz , Albayrak Mevlut , Cicek Yasin , Kizildag Alper 
Published: April 2017

Background: This study evaluates contributions of platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) combined with conventional flap surgery on growth factor levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and periodontal healing.Methods: Twenty‐six patients (52 sites) with chronic periodontitis were treated either with autologous PRF with open flap debridement (OFD+PRF) or OFD alone. Growth factor levels in GCF at baseline and 2, 4, and 6 weeks after surgery were analyzed, and clinical parameters such as probing depth (PD), relative clinical attachment level (rCAL), and gingival margin level (GML) at baseline and 9 months after surgery were measured.Results: Mean PD reduction and rCAL gain were significantly greater in OFD+PRF sites than in OFD sites. Mean GML change was −0.38 + 0.10 mm in OFD sites and 0.11 + 0.08 mm in the test group; difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Both groups demonstrated increased expression levels of fibroblast growth factor‐2, transforming growth factor‐β1, and platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB at 2 weeks compared with baseline, followed by reductions at 4 and 6 weeks. The OFD+PRF group showed significantly higher growth factor levels compared with the OFD group at 2 and 4 weeks.Conclusion: PRF membrane combined with OFD provides significantly higher GCF concentrations of angiogenic biomarkers for ≈2 to 4 weeks and better periodontal healing in terms of conventional flap sites.