bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicidality and trauma
Authors: Kastrup Marianne C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Trauma experiences may be expected to increase the risk of suicidal ideation or suicide, but the literature is not clear. Persons with post-traumatic disorder (PTSD) do not have an increased risk of dying by suicide, although a meta-analysis has shown an increased incidence of suicidal ideation and prior suicide attempts. However PTSD is strongly associated with pre-trauma depressive disorders, and associated with an increased risk of dying by suicide. Adjusting for other psychiatric disorders, the association is weakened. Traumatic events are associated with subsequent suicidal behaviour, but factors, as pre-existing psychiatric morbidity and current psychiatric conditions, may act as confounders. The chapter provides an overview of the relation between experiencing a traumatic event and later suicidal risk, and discuss various prophylactic measures as well as therapeutic implications.
Suicide and psychiatric disorders
Authors: Berardelli Isabella , Rogante Elena , Lamis Dorian A. , Pompili Maurizio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Suicide is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon involving various interconnected factors, including psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorders often result in significant distress or impaired personal functioning, negatively affecting a patient’s mental health. However, most people with mental disorders do not die by suicide, demonstrating that a mental disorder is only one of the possible risk factors for suicide. In addition, other familial–genetic, personality, psychosocial, and demographic factors may also contribute to the genesis of suicide risk. Therefore, research on suicide risk factors among people with mental disorders is necessary to prevent suicide by adopting adequate suicide prevention strategies. This chapter summarizes current knowledge on the relationship between psychiatric disorders and suicide risk (suicide attempts and suicidal ideation), focusing on bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, dissociative disorders, and alcohol and substance abuse disorders.
Perioperative care
Authors: Tan Suyin G.M. , Smith Andrew F. , Cyna Allan M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Anaesthetist’s communication can have a profound impact on the patient’s experience in the perioperative period. Patients are highly suggestible during induction of anaesthesia and it is important to avoid nocebo effects (e.g. using negatively valenced words such as sting and pain). Positive suggestions can be highly therapeutic and support enhanced recovery. The ‘GREAT’ template provides a structured approach that is particularly useful in communicating with a patient undergoing emergency surgery. Handover in post-anaesthetic care unit (PACU) should be a structured communication that recognizes the differing priorities of anaesthetists and nursing staff. The ‘GREAT’ template helps structure communication during the acute pain round. Communication should focus on generating positive expectations and avoidance of unintended negative suggestions. The use of therapeutic communication and generation of positive expectations is likely to help enhance analgesic efficacy as well as diminish side effects.
Common fractures and complications
Authors: Sharma Hemant , Sherman Kevin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The successful treatment of a patient with a fracture depends on selecting the most appropriate treatment method for the bony injury itself and the careful management of the inevitable associated soft tissue injuries. Many fractures can be treated in more than one way and the method chosen will depend upon many factors. These factors may include the patient’s occupation, general health, the configuration of the fracture, and the integrity of surrounding soft tissue structures. The individual patient’s attitude to relative risk is also important when obtaining informed consent. The management of a fracture involves taking a relevant history, assessing the nature and extent of the injury including both bony and the soft tissue components, dealing expeditiously with any findings that may threaten life or limb or that may lead to an eventual adverse outcome, initial and then definitive treatment. Consideration should also be given to prevention of future injuries.
Benign and malignant skin lesions
Authors: Kang Mandeep , Ward David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Early determination between the diagnosis of benign and malignant skin lesions allows for appropriate management regimes to achieve the best long-term prognosis. A presumptive diagnosis can be made by considering the patient’s risk factors, history of the lesion, and its location and appearance. The definitive diagnosis is made by histological examination of biopsy specimens. The three common types of malignant skin lesions are: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. BCC comprises 60% of primary skin neoplasms. It is slow-growing and rarely metastasizes, and carries the best long-term prognosis. SCC comprises 20% of malignant skin lesions and metastatic disease is more common. MM comprises 1% of malignant skin neoplasms but accounts for over 60% of skin cancer deaths. It metastasizes to remote sites early with a poor prognosis in latter stages. Benign skin lesions generally do not require definitive treatment. Treatment for primary skin malignancies includes surgical excision with adjuvant therapy if required.
Benign and malignant lesions of the head and neck
Authors: Mahmood Ashraf , Ramakrishnan Yujay , Hawthorne Maurice 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Head and neck cancer is an interesting field, not only due its diverse pathology, but also because there is a myriad of treatment options aided by recent technologic advances (e.g. trans-oral lasers, robotic surgery, intensity modulated radiation treatment). Improved understanding of the biology of tumours on a molecular level has also added a new dimension to treatment through biological agents. To a novice, this area can be bewildering and complex, but underpinning the management of any lesion are certain key basic principles. Initial adequate assessment of the tumour and the patient are fundamental. The treatment options depend on a number of factors related to the tumour, patient and clinical expertise. The chapter describes the major head and neck cancer malignancies. National guidelines are discussed in the clinical context to convey the salient points to the reader. As a prelude, a summary of the clinical assessment is presented.
Prognostic importance of splicing-triggered aberrations of protein complex interfaces in cancer
Authors: Newaz Khalique , Schaefers Christoph , Weisel Katja , Baumbach Jan , Frishman Dmitrij 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aberrant alternative splicing (AS) is a prominent hallmark of cancer. AS can perturb protein–protein interactions (PPIs) by adding or removing interface regions encoded by individual exons. Identifying prognostic exon–exon interactions (EEIs) from PPI interfaces can help discover AS-affected cancer-driving PPIs that can serve as potential drug targets. Here, we assessed the prognostic significance of EEIs across 15 cancer types by integrating RNA-seq data with three-dimensional (3D) structures of protein complexes. By analyzing the resulting EEI network we identified patient-specific perturbed EEIs (i.e., EEIs present in healthy samples but absent from the paired cancer samples or vice versa) that were significantly associated with survival. We provide the first evidence that EEIs can be used as prognostic biomarkers for cancer patient survival. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into AS-affected PPI interfaces. Given the ongoing expansion of available RNA-seq data and the number of 3D structurally-resolved (or confidently predicted) protein complexes, our computational framework will help accelerate the discovery of clinically important cancer-promoting AS events.
A framework for the metaphysics of race
Authors: Korman Daniel Z 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Philosophers have appealed to a wide variety of different factors in providing a metaphysics of race: appearance, ancestry, systems of oppression, shared ways of life, and so-called ‘racial essences’. I distinguish four importantly different questions about racial groups that one may be answering in appealing these factors. I then show that marking these distinctions proves quite fruitful, revealing ways of strengthening existing arguments for the non-existence of racial groups, new avenues for addressing challenges to biological and constructionist accounts of race, and a range of hybrid positions that have been largely overlooked in the literature.
Hygroscopic bioactive light-cured composite promoting dentine bridge formation
Authors: Long Yunzi , Huang Guibin , Liu Siyi , Xu Liju , Li Ailing , Qiu Dong , Dong Yanmei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A light-cured bioactive composite, TheraCal LC, is easy to handle and fast-setting. But poor water absorption restricted its bioactivity when applied in direct pulp capping (DPC). Enhancing the water absorption of resin-based bioactive materials may be key to optimizing biomineralization procedure of light-cured bioactive materials. We constructed a hygroscopic, light-cured bioactive composite made up of bioactive glass (BG), poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and resin in this study. BG was encapsulated into a porogen (i.e. PEG) and mixed into resin matrix. Inductively coupled plasma showed that light-cured BG (LC-BG) exhibited faster ion release and more ion exchange than TheraCal LC did. The formation of macropores and hydroxyapatite crystal coatings on the BG microparticles was observed using scanning electron microscopy. The shear bond strength between the resin and LC-BG group did not significantly differ from the TheraCal LC group. CCK-8 assay showed that the LC-BG extract was nontoxic. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that LC-BG upregulated odontogenic gene expression in human dental pulp cells. DPC assay proved that the LC-BG group exhibited no significant difference in dentin tubule formation (P = 0.659) or odontoblast-like cell layer formation (P = 0.155) from the TheraCal LC group, but exhibited significantly better integrity of the calcified bridge than the TheraCal LC group (P = 0.039); more DSPP-positive and DMP-1-positive cells were detected in the LC-BG group than in the TheraCal LC group. Although no significant difference in pulpal inflammatory cell infiltration was observed between the LC-BG group and the TheraCal LC group (P = 0.476), fewer interleukin 1β-positive and tumor necrosis factor α-positive cells were detected in the LC-BG group than in the TheraCal LC group. In conclusion, the newly developed hygroscopic LC-BG composite showed better bioactivity and odontogenic differentiation than the TheraCal LC did in vitro and induced better integrity of the calcified bridge than the TheraCal LC did in vivo.
Employee Representation and the Manager-to-Worker Pay Ratio
Authors: Lin Chen , Schmid Thomas , Sun Yang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study how involving employee board representatives in determining managerial compensation affects the within-firm pay ratio. The 2009 German Compensation Act shifted executive pay decisions to the entire supervisory board, amplifying employees’ influence at firms with parity employee representation. This reform resulted in increased manager-to-worker pay ratios, driven by higher managerial compensation, without corresponding changes in firm performance or manager turnover. The result is robust in matched samples and absent in falsification tests. Improved employee job security and weak wage increases point to a possible alliance between employees and managers, indicating shared governance may not necessarily reduce pay inequality.
Effects of night-to-night variations in objectively measured sleep on blood glucose in healthy university students
Authors: Ng Alyssa S C , Tai E Shyong , Chee Michael W L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
We examined associations between daily variations in objectively measured sleep and blood glucose in a sample of non-diabetic young adults to complement laboratory studies on how sleep affects blood glucose levels.

Methods
One hundred and nineteen university students underwent sleep measurement using an Oura Ring 2 and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for up to 14 days. In 69 individuals who consumed a standardized diet across the study, multilevel models examined associations between sleep duration, timing, efficiency, and daily CGM profiles. Separately, in 58 individuals, multilevel models were used to evaluate postprandial glycaemic responses to a test meal challenge on 7 days. Participants also underwent oral glucose tolerance testing once after a night of ad libitum sleep, and again following a night of sleep restriction by 1–2 hours relative to that individual’s habitual sleep duration. Between-condition glucose and insulin excursions, HOMA-IR and Matsuda index were compared.

Results
Nocturnal sleep did not significantly influence following-day CGM profiles, postprandial glucose, or nocturnal mean glucose levels (all ps &gt; .05). Longer sleep durations were associated with lower same-night glucose variability (all ps &lt; .001). However, the range of variation in sugar levels was small and unlikely to be of functional significance. Considering naps in the analysis did not alter the findings. Sleep restriction by an average of 1.73 hours (SD = 0.97) did not significantly impact excursions in glucose or insulin or insulin sensitivity the following morning (all ps &gt; .05).

Conclusions
Glucose handling in young, healthy adults may be more resilient to real-life fluctuations in sleep patterns than previously thought.

Clinical Trial Information
Monitoring Sleep and Glucose Among University Students https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04880629, ID: NCT04880629
Factors associated with successful FLOW implementation to improve mental health access: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Hundt Natalie E , Kim Bo , Plasencia Maribel , Amspoker Amber B , Walder Annette , Yusuf Zenab , Nagamoto Herbert , Tsao Christie Ga-jing , Smith Tracey L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The FLOW program assists mental health providers in transitioning recovered and stabilized specialty mental health (SMH) patients to primary care to increase access to SMH care. In a recent cluster-randomized stepped-wedge trial, nine VA sites implemented the FLOW program with wide variation in implementation success. The goal of this study is to identify site-level factors associated with successful implementation of the FLOW program, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). We used the Matrixed Multiple Case Study method, a mixed-methods approach, to compare key metrics hypothesized to impact implementation that were aligned with CFIR. Based upon the number of veterans transitioned at each site, we categorized two sites as higher implementation success, three as medium, and four as lower implementation success. Themes associated with more successful implementation included perceptions of the intervention itself (CFIR domain Innovation), having a culture of recovery-oriented care and prioritizing implementation over competing demands (CFIR domain Inner Setting), had lower mental health provider turnover, and had an internal facilitator who was well-positioned for FLOW implementation, such as having a leadership role or connections across several clinics (CFIR domain Characteristics of Individuals). Other variables, including staffing levels, leadership support, and organizational readiness to change did not have a consistent relationship to implementation success. These data may assist in identifying sites that are likely to need additional implementation support to succeed at implementing FLOW.
Thromboembolic Complications in Continuous Versus Interrupted Anticoagulation During Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Miller William , Braaten Jacob , Rauzi Anna , Wothe Jillian , Sather Kristiana , Phillips Angela , Evans Danika , Saavedra-Romero Ramiro , Prekker Matthew , Brunsvold Melissa E. 
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Continuous, therapeutic anticoagulation is the standard of care for patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The risks of hemorrhage exacerbated by anticoagulation must be weighed with the thrombotic risks associated with ECMO. We hypothesized increased thrombotic events in patients who had interrupted (vs. continuous) anticoagulation during venovenous ECMO.

DESIGN:
This is a retrospective, observational study.

SETTING:
Enrollment of individuals took place at three adult ECMO centers in Minnesota from 2013 to 2022.

PATIENTS:
This study consists of 346 patients supported with venovenous ECMO.

INTERVENTIONS:
Anticoagulation administration was collected from electronic health records, including frequency and duration of anticoagulation interruptions (IAs) and timing and type of thrombotic events, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
A total of 156 patients had IA during their ECMO run and 190 had continuous anticoagulation. Risk adjusted logistic regression demonstrated that individuals in the IA group were not statistically more likely to experience a thrombotic complication (odds ratio [OR], 0.69; 95% CI, 0.27–1.70) or require ECMO circuit change (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.52–3.49). Subgroup analysis demonstrated greater frequency of overall thrombotic events with increasing frequency and duration of anticoagulation being interrupted (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our multicenter analysis found a similar frequency of thrombotic events in patients on ECMO when anticoagulation was interrupted vs. administered continuously. Further investigation into the impact of the frequency and duration of these interruptions is warranted.
Impact of Needle Design and Suture Gauge on Tissue Tearing During Skin Suturing: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Potter Christian T. , Maloney McKenzie E. , Riopelle Alexandria M. , Fudem Gary M. , Schanbacher Carl F. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Surgeons face numerous choices in selecting sutures for skin closure, with potential adverse effects such as tissue tearing.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the influence of needle design and suture gauge on tissue tearing during suturing procedures.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The authors tested the tear-through force in Newtons for 3 needle types and 3 suture gauges using an artificial skin model and a professional-grade tensiometer. Suture material was secured into the skin model, and force was applied to the suture at a constant rate, resulting in tearing. Force–displacement and force–time curves were generated. Evaluation included conventional cutting (PC-3), reverse cutting (PS-3), and taper point (BB) needles with a 5-0 polypropylene suture. In addition, nylon sutures with a reverse cutting needle (PS-2) were tested at 3 suture gauges (5-0, 4-0, 3-0).

RESULTS
The mean tear-through forces for PC-3, PS-3, and BB were 3.26 N, 3.75 N, and 4.07 N, respectively. For the 5-0, 4-0, and 3-0 nylon sutures, the mean tear-through forces were 3.44 N, 3.81 N, and 4.04 N, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant impact of suture gauge size (p < .001) and needle geometry (p < .001) on tear-through force.

CONCLUSION
Larger suture diameter and taper needles minimize tissue tearing.
Associations of pre- and postnatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure with adolescents’ eating behaviors
Authors: Vasil Taylor-Marie , Fleury Elvira S. , Walker Erica D. , Kuiper Jordan R. , Buckley Jessie P. , Cecil Kim M. , Chen Aimin , Kalkwarf Heidi J. , Lanphear Bruce P. , Yolton Kimberly , Braun Joseph M. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), persistent environmental chemicals, may act as obesogens by interacting with neuroendocrine pathways regulating energy homeostasis and satiety signals influencing adolescent eating behaviors.

Methods:
In 211 HOME Study adolescents (Cincinnati, OH; recruited 2003–2006), we measured PFAS concentrations in serum collected during pregnancy, at delivery, and at ages 3, 8, and 12 years. Caregivers completed the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) at age 12, and we calculated food approach and food avoidance scores. Using quantile-based g-computation, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations between a mixture of four gestational PFAS and CEBQ scores. We identified high (n = 76, 36%) and low (n = 135, 64%) longitudinal PFAS mixture exposure profiles between delivery and age 12 years using latent profile analysis and related these to CEBQ scores. We examined whether child sex or physical activity modified these associations.

Results:
We observed no association of gestational PFAS mixture with food approach or food avoidance scores. Children in the higher longitudinal PFAS mixture profile had slightly higher food approach scores (β: 0.47, 95% CI: −0.27, 1.23) and similar food avoidance scores (β: −0.15, 95% CI: −0.75, 0.46) compared with children in the lower profile. We found some evidence that higher physical activity favorably modified the association between longitudinal PFAS mixture profiles and emotional overeating (interaction P value = 0.13). Child sex did not consistently modify any associations.

Conclusions:
Serum PFAS concentrations were not consistently linked to adolescent eating behaviors in this study, suggesting alternative pathways, such as metabolic rate, may underlie previously observed associations between PFAS exposure and childhood obesity.
Providing Physical Therapy Interventions for a Patient After Heart Transplantation in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Lee Vanessa , MacFarlane Sheena , Romano Gabrielle 
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose:
Heart transplantation frequency is increasing in the United States with 4545 procedures in 2023. Most research for physical therapy interventions for heart transplant (HT) recipients addresses outpatient cardiac rehabilitation with limited research in phase I cardiac rehabilitation. This case report describes clinical decision-making related to physical therapy interventions and demonstrates effectiveness utilizing multiple outcome measures for a HT recipient in phase I cardiac rehabilitation.

Case Description:
A 60-year-old male received a HT. Physical therapy was initiated 3 days postoperatively with multiple impairments and activity limitations identified. The patient participated in 14 physical therapy sessions over 22 hospital days. In week 1, intervention prescription focused on functional and strength training. In week 2, improved functional status allowed for endurance training. In week 3, balance training and home safety education were added in anticipation of hospital discharge.

Outcomes:
The patient participated in 100% of sessions in which he was medically stable. The patient demonstrated clinically meaningful improvement in functional capacity on the JH-HLM (5-point improvement, exceeds MDC of 0.6) and in aerobic capacity on the 6MWT (80-meter improvement, exceeds MCID of 54 meters).

Discussion and Conclusion:
This case report provides a framework for physical therapists regarding intervention prescription, progression, use of outcome measures, and physiologic considerations for a HT recipient participating in phase I cardiac rehabilitation. More research is needed. In conclusion, this case report demonstrates that phase I cardiac rehabilitation is effective in improving functional and aerobic capacity in a HT recipient.