bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and facilitators of interventions for improving antiretroviral therapy adherence: a systematic review of global qualitative evidence
Authors: Ma Qingyan , Tso Lai Sze , Rich Zachary C , Hall Brian J , Beanland Rachel , Li Haochu , Lackey Mellanye , Hu Fengyu , Cai Weiping , Doherty Meg , Tucker Joseph D 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionQualitative research on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence interventions can provide a deeper understanding of intervention facilitators and barriers. This systematic review aims to synthesize qualitative evidence of interventions for improving ART adherence and to inform patient‐centred policymaking.MethodsWe searched 19 databases to identify studies presenting primary qualitative data on the experiences, attitudes and acceptability of interventions to improve ART adherence among PLHIV and treatment providers. We used thematic synthesis to synthesize qualitative evidence and the CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research) approach to assess the confidence of review findings.ResultsOf 2982 references identified, a total of 31 studies from 17 countries were included. Twelve studies were conducted in high‐income countries, 13 in middle‐income countries and six in low‐income countries. Study populations focused on adults living with HIV (21 studies, n=1025), children living with HIV (two studies, n=46), adolescents living with HIV (four studies, n=70) and pregnant women living with HIV (one study, n=79). Twenty‐three studies examined PLHIV perspectives and 13 studies examined healthcare provider perspectives. We identified six themes related to types of interventions, including task shifting, education, mobile phone text messaging, directly observed therapy, medical professional outreach and complex interventions. We also identified five cross‐cutting themes, including strengthening social relationships, ensuring confidentiality, empowerment of PLHIV, compensation and integrating religious beliefs into interventions. Our qualitative evidence suggests that strengthening PLHIV social relationships, PLHIV empowerment and developing culturally appropriate interventions may facilitate adherence interventions. Our study indicates that potential barriers are inadequate training and compensation for lay health workers and inadvertent disclosure of serostatus by participating in the intervention.ConclusionsOur study evaluated adherence interventions based on qualitative data from PLHIV and health providers. The study underlines the importance of incorporating social and cultural factors into the design and implementation of interventions. Further qualitative research is needed to evaluate ART adherence interventions.
Modulation of electrical mobility in Au ion irradiated titanium oxide with crystal field splitting
Authors: Park Hyun-Woo , Jun Byung-Hyuk , Choi Dukhyun , Chung Kwun-Bum 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Electrical modulation of radio frequency (RF) sputtered TiO2−

x
films were investigated as a function of Au swift heavy ion irradiation dose at room temperature. The prepared TiO2−

x
films were irradiated with 130 MeV Au swift heavy ion in the range from 1 × 1011 to 5 × 1012 ions/cm2. As the Au ion irradiation dose increased up to 1 × 1012 ions/cm2, the electrical mobility of TiO2−

x
films were dramatically increased 3.07 × 102 cm2 V−1 s−1 without the change of carrier concentration. These changes in electrical properties of Au irradiated TiO2−

x
film, are related to the modification of electronic structure such as crystal field splitting of Ti 3d orbital hybridization and sub-band edge states below the conduction band as a function of Au swift heavy ion irradiation dose.
Abnormal degradation of high-voltage p-type MOSFET with n+ polycrystalline silicon gate during AC stress
Authors: Lee Dongjun , Joo Ikhyung , Lee Changsub , Song Duheon , Choi Byoungdeog 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We investigated the abnormal degradation of high-voltage p-type MOSFET (HV pMOSFET) under negative AC gate bias stress. In HV pMOSFET with n+ polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) gate, the abnormal degradation occurs after the gradual degradation during negative AC stress. The abnormal degradation is suppressed by changing the gate material from n+ poly-Si to p+ poly-Si, and it is caused by hot holes produced by the impact ionization near the surface when electrons move from the gate toward the gate oxide. We suggest a possible mechanism to explain the improvement of degradation by using p+ poly-Si as a gate material.
A glacier runoff extension to the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System
Authors: Van Beusekom A. E. , Viger R. J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA module to simulate glacier runoff, PRMSglacier, was added to PRMS (Precipitation Runoff Modeling System), a distributed‐parameter, physical‐process hydrological simulation code. The extension does not require extensive on‐glacier measurements or computational expense but still relies on physical principles over empirical relations as much as is feasible while maintaining model usability. PRMSglacier is validated on two basins in Alaska, Wolverine, and Gulkana Glacier basin, which have been studied since 1966 and have a substantial amount of data with which to test model performance over a long period of time covering a wide range of climatic and hydrologic conditions. When error in field measurements is considered, the Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiencies of streamflow are 0.87 and 0.86, the absolute bias fractions of the winter mass balance simulations are 0.10 and 0.08, and the absolute bias fractions of the summer mass balances are 0.01 and 0.03, all computed over 42 years for the Wolverine and Gulkana Glacier basins, respectively. Without taking into account measurement error, the values are still within the range achieved by the more computationally expensive codes tested over shorter time periods.
Asian monsoon modulation of nonsteady state diagenesis in hemipelagic marine sediments offshore of Japan
Authors: Chang Liao , Bolton Clara T. , Dekkers Mark J. , Hayashida Akira , Heslop David , Krijgsman Wout , Kodama Kazuto , Paterson Greig A. , Roberts Andrew P. , Rohling Eelco J. , Yamamoto Yuhji , Zhao Xiang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe have identified millennial‐scale variations in magnetic mineral diagenesis from Pacific Ocean sediments offshore of Japan that we correlate with changes in organic carbon burial that were likely driven by Asian monsoon fluctuations. The correlation was determined by identifying offsets between the positions of fossil diagenetic fronts and climatically induced variations in organic carbon burial inferred from magnetic and geochemical analyses. Episodes of intense monsoon activity and attendant sediment magnetic mineral diagenesis also appear to correlate with Heinrich events, which supports the existence of climatic telecommunications between Asia and the North Atlantic region. Several lines of evidence support our conclusions: (1) fluctuations in down‐core magnetic properties and diagenetic pyrite precipitation are approximately coeval; (2) localized stratigraphic intervals with relatively stronger magnetic mineral dissolution are linked to enhanced sedimentary organic carbon contents that gave rise to nonsteady state diagenesis; (3) down‐core variations in elemental S content provide a proxy for nonsteady state diagenesis that correlate with key records of Asian monsoon variations; and (4) relict titanomagnetite that is preserved as inclusions within silicate particles, rather than secondary authigenic phases (e.g., greigite), dominates the strongly diagenetically altered sediment intervals and are protected against sulfidic dissolution. We suggest that such millennial‐scale environmental modulation of nonsteady state diagenesis (that creates a temporal diagenetic filter and relict magnetic mineral signatures) is likely to be common in organic‐rich hemipelagic sedimentary settings with rapidly varying depositional conditions. Our work also demonstrates the usefulness of magnetic mineral inclusions for recording important environmental magnetic signals.
3D density model of the upper mantle of Asia based on inversion of gravity and seismic tomography data
Authors: Kaban Mikhail K. , Stolk Ward , Tesauro Magdala , El Khrepy Sami , Al‐Arifi Nassir , Beekman Fred , Cloetingh Sierd A. P. L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe construct a new‐generation 3D density model of the upper mantle of Asia and its surrounding areas based on a joint interpretation of several data sets. A recent model of the crust combining nearly all available seismic data is employed to calculate the impact of the crust on the gravity anomalies and observed topography and to estimate the residual mantle anomalies and residual topography. These fields are jointly inverted to calculate the density variations in the lithosphere and upper mantle down to 325 km. As an initial approximation, we estimate density variations using a seismic tomography model. Seismic velocity variations are converted into temperatures and then to density variations based on mineral physics constraints. In the Occam‐type inversion, we fit both the residual mantle gravity anomalies and residual topography by finding deviations to the initial model. The obtained corrections improve the resolution of the initial model and reflect important features of the mantle structure that are not well resolved by the seismic tomography. The most significant negative corrections of the upper mantle density, found in the Siberian and East European cratons, can be associated with depleted mantle material. The most pronounced positive density anomalies are found beneath the Tarim and South Caspian basins, Barents Sea, and Bay of Bengal. We attribute these anomalies to eclogites in the uppermost mantle, which have substantially affected the evolution of the basins. Furthermore, the obtained results provide evidence for the presence of eclogites in the oceanic subducting mantle lithosphere.
Present‐day stress states underneath the Kumano basin to 2 km below seafloor based on borehole wall failures at IODP site C0002, Nankai accretionary wedge
Authors: Chang Chandong , Song Insun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe constrain the state of stress to 2 km below seafloor in the Nankai accretionary prism at the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) site C0002F, southwest Japan, based on borehole wall failures and rock strengths. The logging‐while‐drilling resistivity images from 872.5 to 2005.5 m below seafloor show that drilling‐mud control in riser drilling worked properly to minimize borehole wall failures. Available breakouts indicate a consistent maximum compression orientation subparallel to the subducting plate margin. Breakout analysis with drill logs suggests that breakouts occurred only when borehole pressure was slightly lowered and time lag between hole cutting and image logging was several hours. This indicates that the observed breakouts are not immediate stress‐induced failure but brought up into shape gradually with time due to other mechanisms. Laboratory investigations on deformation and failure of the cores suggest that the time‐delayed breakout might be a result of progressive rock spall‐out in borehole wall damage zones that occur at a stress level close to failure condition. We constrain stress magnitudes assuming that the stress state is sufficient to bring about the damage zones at the borehole wall. An integrated method utilizing breakouts, drilling‐induced tensile fractures, and a leak‐off test suggests that the stress states are on the boundary between strike‐slip faulting and normal faulting stress regimes, and somewhat variable depending on depth. The stress magnitudes in the accretionary wedge appear to be controlled by frictional strength of the rock, such that the differential stresses are constrained by the laboratory determined frictional coefficients.
Preliminary Definitions for the Sonographic Features of Synovitis in Children
Authors: Roth Johannes , Ravagnani Viviana , Backhaus Marina , Balint Peter , Bruns Alessandra , Bruyn George A. , Collado Paz , De la Cruz Lorenia , Guillaume‐Czitrom Severine , Herlin Troels , Hernandez Cristina , Iagnocco Annamaria , Jousse‐Joulin Sandrine , Lanni Stefano , Lilleby Vibke , Malattia Clara , Magni‐Manzoni Silvia , Modesto Consuelo , Rodriguez Ana , Nieto Juan‐Carlos , Ohrndorf Sarah , Rossi‐Semerano Linda , Selvaag Anne‐Marit , Swen Nanno , Ting Tracy V. , Tzaribachev Nikolay , Vega‐Fernandez Patricia , Vojinovic Jelena , Windschall Daniel , D'Agostino Maria‐Antonietta , Naredo Esperanza ,   for the OMERACT Ultrasound Group
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveMusculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) has the potential to be an important tool in the assessment of disease activity in childhood arthritides. To assess pathology, clear definitions for synovitis need to be developed first. The aim of this study was to develop and validate these definitions through an international consensus process.MethodsThe decision on which US techniques to use and the components to be included in the definitions, as well as the final wording, were developed by 31 US experts in a consensus process. A Likert scale of 1–5 (where 1 = complete disagreement and 5 = complete agreement) was used. A minimum of 80% of the experts scoring 4 or 5 was required for final approval. The definitions were then validated on 120 standardized US images of the wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, and tibiotalar joints, displaying various degrees of synovitis at various ages.ResultsB‐mode and Doppler should be used for assessing synovitis in children. A US definition of the various components (i.e., synovial hypertrophy, effusion, and Doppler signal within the synovium) was developed. The definition was validated on still images with a median of 89% of participants (range 80–100) scoring it as 4 or 5 on a Likert scale.ConclusionUS definitions of synovitis and its elementary components covering the entire pediatric age range were successfully developed through a Delphi process and validated in a web‐based still‐images exercise. These results provide the basis for the standardized US assessment of synovitis in clinical practice and research.
Adaptive output‐feedback stabilisation of an uncertain second‐order linear systems
Authors: Aguilar‐Ibanez Carlos , Acosta José Ángel , Martinez‐Garcia Juan C. , García‐Canseco Eloísa 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe adaptive stabilisation of uncertain second‐order linear systems is addressed, under a lack of information from both states and parameters. The only standard assumptions are no zeros and the sign of the high frequency gain known. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there has been only an explicit solution proposed in the literature so far with proven stability. Despite the simplicity of the system, it does not fit in any of the standard nonlinear control methodologies available. Thus, this work is a complementary contribution providing a mixed control design strategy based on a reduced‐order observer, adaptive Immersion & Invariance and Backstepping approaches. Hence, this solution depicts a transversal outlook of those nonlinear control strategies and provides a breakthrough for the generalisation of this non‐trivial control problem. Numerical simulations are reported to assess the effectiveness of the adaptive strategy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entropic uncertainty relations for successive measurements of canonically conjugate observables
Authors: Rastegin Alexey E. 
Published: October 2016

Uncertainties in successive measurements of general canonically conjugate variables are examined. Such operators are approached within a limiting procedure of the Pegg–Barnett type. Dealing with unbounded observables, we should take into account a finiteness of detector resolution. An appropriate reformulation of two scenarios of successive measurements is proposed and motivated. Uncertainties are characterized by means of generalized entropies of both the Rényi and Tsallis types. The Rényi and Tsallis formulations of uncertainty relations are obtained for both the scenarios of successive measurements of canonically conjugate operators. Entropic uncertainty relations for the cases of position and momentum are separately discussed.image
Preparation and Catalytic Activity of a Novel Nanocrystalline ZrO2@C Composite for Hydrogen Storage in NaAlH4
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wu Ruyan , Wang Zeyi , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge , Liu Yongfeng 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSodium alanate (NaAlH4) has attracted intense interest as a prototypical high‐density hydrogen‐storage material. However, poor reversibility and slow kinetics limit its practical applications. Herein, a nanocrystalline ZrO2@C catalyst was synthesized by using Uio‐66(Zr) as a precursor and furfuryl alcohol (FA) as a carbon source. The as‐synthesized ZrO2@C exhibits good catalytic activity for the dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of NaAlH4. The NaAlH4‐7 wt % ZrO2@C sample released hydrogen starting from 126 °C and reabsorbed it starting from 54 °C, and these temperatures are lower by 71 and 36 °C, respectively, relative to pristine NaAlH4. At 160 °C, approximately 5.0 wt % of hydrogen was released from the NaAlH4‐7 wt % ZrO2@C sample within 250 min, and the dehydrogenation product reabsorbed approximately 4.9 wt % within 35 min at 140 °C and 100 bar of hydrogen. The catalytic function of the Zr‐based active species is believed to contribute to the significantly reduced operating temperatures and enhanced kinetics.
Expansion rate of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms
Authors: Patterson B O , Sobocinski J , Karthikesalingam A , Hinchliffe R J , Loftus I , Thompson M M , Holt P J 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background
Surveillance is mandatory for all patients with a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). The frequency of surveillance imaging, however, is not evidence-based, as few data exist regarding TAA growth rates. This study aimed to determine the rate of TAA expansion and to inform surveillance intervals based on TAA diameter.

Methods
Patients with a TAA for whom morphological data were available from serial CT scans were studied. Annualized growth rates based on diameter at presentation and time taken to reach a theoretical intervention threshold of 55 mm were calculated. The number of patients who would have achieved the threshold undetected was determined based on simulated imaging intervals of 6 months, 1, 2 and 3 years.

Results
A total of 2916 scans from 995 patients were analysed. The mean aortic expansion rate was 2·76 mm per year for all patients, with an exponential increase observed at sizes above 45 mm. Only 3·9 per cent of patients with a starting diameter of 30–39 mm and 5·3 per cent of those with a diameter of 40–44 mm achieved threshold size within 2 years. Conversely, the probability of expansion to more than 55 mm was 74·5 per cent in 2 years for patients with a starting diameter of 50–54 mm, rising to 85·7 per cent at 3 years.

Conclusion
Based on a threshold of 55 mm for intervention, most patients with a maximum aortic diameter below 40 mm could safely undergo surveillance at 2-yearly intervals. Above 45 mm, annual surveillance is recommended. Patients with a diameter greater than 50 mm could be optimized for possible repair, if this is clinically appropriate.
Geographical classification of Epimedium based on HPLC fingerprint analysis combined with multi‐ingredients quantitative analysis
Authors: Xu Ning , Zhou Guofu , Li Xiaojuan , Lu Heng , Meng Fanyun , Zhai Huaqiang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA reliable and comprehensive method for identifying the origin and assessing the quality of Epimedium has been developed. The method is based on analysis of HPLC fingerprints, combined with similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and multi‐ingredient quantitative analysis. Nineteen batches of Epimedium, collected from different areas in the western regions of China, were used to establish the fingerprints and 18 peaks were selected for the analysis. Similarity analysis, HCA and PCA all classified the 19 areas into three groups. Simultaneous quantification of the five major bioactive ingredients in the Epimedium samples was also carried out to confirm the consistency of the quality tests. These methods were successfully used to identify the geographical origin of the Epimedium samples and to evaluate their quality.
Post‐incarceration Recidivism of Lone versus Group Juvenile Homicide Offenders
Authors: Khachatryan Norair , Heide Kathleen M. , Rad Jordyn , Hummel Erich V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractKillings by juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs) who use accomplices have been increasing since the 1980s and currently represent approximately half of juvenile arrests for murder in the United States. Nevertheless, prior research has not compared JHOs who kill alone with JHOs who kill in groups. The present research followed up 30 years later on a sample of 59 male murderers and attempted murderers sentenced to adult prison. This study was designed to analyze whether lone and group JHOs differed on pre‐incarceration, incarceration, and post‐incarceration variables. Significant findings indicated that compared with lone offenders, group JHOs had a higher mean of pre‐homicide arrests and were more likely to be Black, have a pre‐homicide delinquent record, commit a crime‐related homicide offense, and target a stranger. With respect to post‐homicide variables, group JHOs were more likely to be released from prison and more likely to be rearrested. The two types of JHOs did not differ significantly in relation to the number of post‐release violent offenses. Preliminary implications of the findings and avenues for future investigation are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A phase I trial of panobinostat (LBH589) in patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Ibrahim Nageatte , Buchbinder Elizabeth I. , Granter Scott R. , Rodig Scott J. , Giobbie‐Hurder Anita , Becerra Carla , Tsiaras Argyro , Gjini Evisa , Fisher David E. , Hodi F. Stephen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEpigenetic alterations by histone/protein deacetylases (HDACs) are one of the many mechanisms that cancer cells use to alter gene expression and promote growth. HDAC inhibitors have proven to be effective in the treatment of specific malignancies, particularly in combination with other anticancer agents. We conducted a phase I trial of panobinostat in patients with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma. Patients were treated with oral panobinostat at a dose of 30 mg daily on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays (Arm A). Three of the six patients on this dose experienced clinically significant thrombocytopenia requiring dose interruption. Due to this, a second treatment arm was opened and the dose was changed to 30 mg oral panobinostat three times a week every other week (Arm B). Six patients were treated on Arm A and 10 patients were enrolled to Arm B with nine patients treated. In nine patients treated on Arm B, the response rate was 0% (90% confidence interval [CI]: 0–28%) and the disease‐control rate was 22% (90% CI: 4–55%). Among all 15 patients treated, the overall response rate was 0% (90% CI: 0–17%) and the disease‐control rate was 27% (90% CI: 10–51%). There was a high rate of toxicity associated with treatment. Correlative studies suggest the presence of immune modifications after HDAC inhibition. Panobinostat is not active as a single agent in the treatment of melanoma. Further exploration of this agent in combination with other therapies may be warranted.