bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogeny matters: Climate variability and effects on fish distribution in the eastern Bering Sea
Authors: Barbeaux Steven J. , Hollowed Anne B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAnalyses of climate effects often ignore differences in life history for individual species. We analyzed a 34‐year time series of eastern Bering Sea fish surveys to evaluate changes in distribution by length and between cold and warm shelf‐wide average water temperatures for 20 species over inhabited depth, temperature, and location. All species showed evidence of ontogenetic migration. Differences in distribution between years with warm and years with cold shelf‐wide water temperatures varied among species and within species at different lengths. For species where shelf‐wide temperature effects were detected, the mid‐sized fish were most active in changing spatial distribution. For aquatic organisms ontogenetic migration occurs because life history stages have different environmental requirements. This study illustrates the need to consider species responses to climate change over different life history stages, and that studies on ecosystem responses should take ontogenetic differences into consideration when assessing impacts.
Continental‐scale hotspots of pelagic fish abundance inferred from commercial catch records
Authors: Bouchet Phil J. , Meeuwig Jessica J. , Huang Zhi , Letessier Tom B. , Nichol Scott L. , Caley M. Julian , Watson Reg A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimProtected areas have become pivotal to the modern conservation planning toolbox, but a limited understanding of marine macroecology is hampering their efficient design and implementation in pelagic environments. We explored the respective contributions of environmental factors and human impacts in capturing the distribution of an assemblage of commercially valuable, large‐bodied, open‐water predators (tunas, marlins and mackerels).LocationWestern Australia.Time period1997–2006.Major taxa studiedPelagic fishes.MethodsWe compiled 10 years of commercial fishing records from the Sea Around Us Project and derived relative abundance indices from standardized catch rates while accounting for confounding effects of effort, year and gear type. We used these indices to map pelagic hotspots over a 0.5°‐resolution grid and built random forests to estimate the importance of 33 geophysical, oceanographic and anthropogenic predictors in explaining their locations. We additionally examined the spatial congruence between these hotspots and an extensive network of marine reserves and determined whether patterns of co‐occurrence deviated from random expectations using null model simulations.ResultsFirst, we identified several pelagic hotspots off the coast of Western Australia. Second, geomorphometrics explained up to 50% of the variance in relative abundance of pelagic fishes, and submarine canyon presence ranked as the most influential variable in the North bioregion. Seafloor complexity, geodiversity, salinity, temperature variability, primary production, ocean energy, current regimes and human impacts were also identified as important predictors. Third, spatial overlap between hotspots and marine reserves was limited, with most high‐abundance areas primarily found in zones where anthropogenic activities are subject to few regulations.Main conclusionsThis study reveals geomorphometrics as valuable indicators of the distribution of mobile fish species and highlights the relevance of harnessing static topography as a key element in any blueprint for ocean zoning and spatial management.
Dental care for the elderly through a Capped‐fee funding model: Optimising outcomes for primary government dental services
Authors: Conquest Jennifer H. , Skinner John , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to (i) compare a Capped Payment formula for adults, to the fee‐for‐service model and the New South Wales Government services payment model; (ii) identify the presenting oral health needs of a 65+ years of age cohort during the period January 2011 to March 2015.Background data discussing the present status of the fieldAustralia faces an ageing population with the vast majority accessing free market dental care, whilst the poor access Government services. This cohort retains most of their dentition increasing demand on Government services.Materials and methodsThe analysis of New South Wales Government adult de‐identified patients’ record unit data was from 2011 to 2015, for the three payment models and undertaken in three stages; (i) development of the Capped Payment Model; (ii) evaluation of twenty (20) case studies of adults 65+ years of age; (iii) analyse the cost efficiency of the three payment models.ResultsThis study found that the Government model was the most cost effective. The Capped‐fee model performed less efficiently, particularly in the 75+ age group, with the fee‐for‐service model generally more costly. It was $2580 (85%) more costly for the 65‐74 age cohort, and $4619 (66%) for the 75+ age cohort.ConclusionPolicy makers in partnership with Government and private service providers should seek to develop partnerships with Government, private services and universities, scope opportunities in applying a Capped‐fee funding model, and one that helps address the oral needs of the elderly.
The effects of hatching asynchrony on growth and mortality patterns in Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops nestlings
Authors: Hildebrandt Barbara , Schaub Michael 
Published: August 2017

Growth is a fundamental life history trait in all organisms and is closely related to individual fitness. In altricial birds, growth of many traits is restricted to the short period between hatching and fledging and strongly depends on the amount of food that parents deliver and the extent of hatching asynchrony. However, empirical studies of energy allocation to growth of different body size traits as a function of hatching asynchrony are scarce. We studied growth and mortality of Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops, a species with a long breeding season and high brood size variance, whose nestlings show pronounced hatching asynchrony, in order to test how hatching asynchrony affects different growth traits in the context of territory quality, season and brood size. The growth of five body traits (body mass, and lengths of tarsus, third primary, bill and longest crest feather) was investigated to understand how it was affected by brood size, hatching date and order, and territory quality. In total, 241 nestlings from 39 nests were measured every 4 days in 2014 in south‐western Switzerland. Brood size, hatching date and hatching order had the strongest influence on growth trajectories, although tarsus growth was only marginally affected by these variables. Nestlings that hatched earlier than their siblings were heavier and had longer third primaries, bills and crest feathers compared with later‐hatched siblings. In territories of high quality, hatching order differences disappeared for body mass growth, but persisted for lengths of third primary, bill and crest feathers. Brood size was inversely associated with third primary, bill and crest feather lengths, but positively associated with body mass. Nestling mortality was higher in later‐hatched nestlings and in broods that were raised in territories of lower quality. Our study shows that in nestlings, energy was allocated differentially between body traits and this allocation interacted with hatching order and territory quality. Rapid mass gain by nestlings was prioritized in order to increase competitive ability. Our results provide support for the brood reduction hypothesis as an explanation of hatching asynchrony in Hoopoes.
COMPOSITION AND COINCIDENCE
Authors: Olson Eric T. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:Many philosophers say that the same atoms may compose at once a statue and a lump of matter that could outlive the statue. I reject this because no difference between the statue and the lump could explain why they have different persistence conditions. But if we say that the lump is the statue, it is difficult to see how there could be any human beings. I argue that this and analogous problems about material objects admit only of solutions that at least appear to be radically at odds with our ordinary thinking.
Persistency of left atrial linear lesions after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: Data from an invasive follow‐up electrophysiology study
Authors: Mujović Nebojša , Marinković Milan , Marković Nebojša , Stanković Goran , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Blomstrom‐Lundqvist Carina , Bunch T. Jared , Potpara Tatjana S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundData on the roof line (RL) and mitral isthmus line (MIL) reconnections after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation (CA) are scarce.ObjectiveWe studied the RL and MIL completeness and localization of reconnection sites in consecutive patients after their first‐ever AF‐CA.MethodsWe prospectively included 41 consecutive AF patients who underwent predefined lesion sets of two circumferential lines (CLs) for ipsilateral pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) combined with a RL and lateral MIL. Three months after CA, all patients underwent invasive follow‐up procedure for line persistency evaluation, irrespective of clinical outcome.ResultsAt the time of index ablation, PVI‐CLs, RL, and MIL was completed in 41 (100%), 39 (95%), and 34 (83%) of patients, respectively. At the 3‐month follow‐up procedure, reconnections of PVI‐CLs, RL, and MIL were found in 61% (25/41), 28% (11/39), and 24% (8/34) of patients, respectively. The 3‐month reconnections were located commonly in the anterior and posterior PVI‐CL segments, and rarely in the right third of RL and in the posterior part of MIL. The 3‐month reconnections were rarely seen at the sites of acute reconnections during index procedure (6%, 20%, and 25% of the PVI‐CL segments, RL segments, and MIL segments, respectively).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study systematically investigating the reconnection of standardized left atrium linear lesions such as RL and MIL after RF‐CA for AF in consecutive patients. The RL and MIL 3‐month reconnection rates were relatively low (28% and 24%), with poor anatomical concordance between the sites with acute and 3‐month reconnections.
Inhibitory control and lexical alignment in children with an autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hopkins Zoë , Yuill Nicola , Branigan Holly P. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundTwo experiments investigated the contribution of conflict inhibition to pragmatic deficits in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Typical adults’ tendency to reuse interlocutors’ referential choices (lexical alignment) implicates communicative perspective‐taking, which is regulated by conflict inhibition. We examined whether children with ASD spontaneously lexically aligned, and whether conflict inhibition mediated alignment.MethodsChildren with ASD and chronological‐ and verbal‐age‐matched typically developing controls played a picture‐naming game. We manipulated whether the experimenter used a preferred or dispreferred name for each picture, and examined whether children subsequently used the same name.ResultsChildren with ASD spontaneously lexically aligned, to the same extent as typically developing controls. Alignment was unrelated to conflict inhibition in both groups.ConclusionsChildren with ASD's referential communication is robust to impairments in conflict inhibition under some circumstances. Their pragmatic deficits may be mitigated in a highly structured interaction.
Epizootics of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in captive rays from Queensland, Australia
Authors: Bowater R O , Dennis M M , Blyde D , Stone B , Barnes A C , Delamare‐Deboutteville J , Horton M A , White M , Condon K , Jones R 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe two epizootics of high mortalities from infection with Streptococcus agalactiae, occurring in captive rays held in a marine display aquarium in south‐east Queensland, Australia, in 2009 and 2010. Five different species of rays were affected, including mangrove whiprays (Himantura granulata), estuary rays (Dasyatis fluviorum), eastern shovelnose rays (Aptychotrema rostrata), white‐spotted eagle rays (Aetobatus narinari) and blue‐spotted mask rays (Neotrygon kuhlii). This report describes the history of both epizootics including collection, quarantine and husbandry of rays, the disease epizootics, clinico‐pathological features of the disease, antimicrobial therapy, autogenous vaccine production, and laboratory studies including clinical and histopathology, bacteriology, PCR, molecular serotyping and sequencing of the bacterium S. agalactiae.
The convective drying of grape seeds: Effect of shrinkage on heat and mass transfer
Authors: Azzouz S. , Hermassi I. , Chouikh R. , Guizani A. , Belghith A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDetailed knowledge of thermal, hydric and mechanical phenomena within a product during drying helps decrease energy costs by reducing the exposure time and improve product quality by respecting the severe standards requirements. In this context, we simulate the spatiotemporal behavior of a highly deformable product saturated with water during convective drying. The numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer states consists of solving the full conductive solid phase conservation equation, the convecto‐diffusive conservation equation of the liquid water together with the energy equation. These equations are coupled by the solid phase contraction rate due to water removal, which represents the shrinkage. The thermo‐physical properties of the considered product, grape in our case, were determined from characterization experiments. Measurement series were carried out in a laboratory‐drying loop and the obtained numerical results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental ones. The simulation allows the monitoring of the time evolution of temperature and humidity inside the product for different drying conditions. At 20% relative humidity of drying air, the ideal temperature was found to be 55 °C and not 60 °C, which minimizes the cost of drying and conserves better the structure of the product. The simulation results of a deformable product can be extended to deformable foodstuffs to minimize the exposure time needed for predefined final water content.Practical applicationsThe research of optimization of drying process of grapes led to the finding of the corresponding temperature and relative humidity of convective drying air. A proposed simulation model which takes the shrinkage of this product into account describes its behavior, gives the exposure time needed for predefined final water content. The model can be extended to other deformable products.
Determination of optimum vapor bleeding arrangements for sugar juice evaporation process
Authors: Chantasiriwan S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe sugar juice evaporation process consists of juice heater, evaporator, and crystallizer. The juice heater increases the temperature of diluted sugar juice from the ambient temperature to the boiling point. The evaporator removes most water content of diluted sugar juice. The crystallizer removes the remaining water content, yielding raw sugar as the final product. Since both the juice heater and the crystallizer require vapor bled from the evaporator, there are interactions between the three components. A model of interactions between the three components of the sugar juice evaporation process is presented in this paper. The model yields a system of nonlinear equations that, under some specified assumptions and conditions, consists of only two free parameters. This implies that there is a unique distribution of a given total juice heater surface when vapor is bled from the first two effects of the evaporator. In contrast, if vapor is bled from the first three or four effects, there are many possible surface distributions. It is shown that there is an optimum surface distribution when vapor is bled from either the first three or four effects of the evaporator that minimizes the steam economy. The optimum four‐effect vapor bleeding arrangement results in the largest steam economy. However, the two‐effect vapor bleeding arrangement produces a larger mass flow rate of processed sugar juice than either three‐effect vapor bleeding arrangement or four‐effect vapor bleeding arrangement.Practical applicationsThis paper presents a mathematical model of a sugar juice evaporation process. Although one specific process design is under consideration, the model can easily be adjusted for a different process design. This model will be useful for analysis and optimization of the process. One optimization problem mentioned in the paper is the optimum allocation of a fixed total surface among the four heat exchangers of the juice heater, which is used to increase juice temperature to the boiling point before entering the quintuple‐effect evaporator. It is found that there are two different optimum surface allocations corresponding to the maximum rate of processed juice and the minimum amount of steam required by the process. Results of this paper should provide a guideline to a process designer in selecting the juice heater that will both satisfy the required heating duty and yield the optimum performance.
High risk of stent thrombosis in the first 6 months after coronary stenting
Authors: Zwart Bastiaan , Godschalk Thea C. , Kelder Johannes C. , ten Berg Jurriën M. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo estimate the incidence of stent thrombosis (ST) after early discontinuation of clopidogrel.BackgroundPremature discontinuation of clopidogrel is the strongest risk factor for ST. In contrast, recent studies suggest that shorter dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) can be discontinued as soon as 3 months after stenting. However, these studies included very few ACS patients and were not powered for ST. Hence, little is known about the occurrence of ST in high‐risk populations when DAPT is discontinued early.MethodsThis is a subanalysis of The Dutch ST Registry 437 ST cases (mainly first‐generation DES and BMS). Acute coronary syndrome was the indication for index‐PCI in 74% of the patients. Clopidogrel discontinuation rates in ST patients and matched controls were used to calculate the absolute incidence of ST after early clopidogrel discontinuation.ResultsThe overall rate of ST after cessation of clopidogrel was 4.6% (95%CI: 3.9‐5.4%), as compared to 1.7% (95%CI: 1.5‐1.9%) in patients who did not discontinue clopidogrel. The incidence of ST was 35.4% when clopidogrel was discontinued in the first 30 days after index‐PCI declining to 11.7% when clopidogrel was discontinued in the first 180 days.ConclusionsThis dedicated ST registry shows that ST rates were very high when clopidogrel was discontinued before 6 months after index‐PCI and therefore suggests that clopidogrel discontinuation in the first 6 months after ACS should be avoided.
Clotrimazole microemulsion and microemulsion-based gel: evaluation of buccal drug delivery and irritancy using chick chorioallantoic membrane as the model
Authors: Kaewbanjong Jarika , Wan Sia Heng Paul , Boonme Prapaporn 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the efficacy of clotrimazole microemulsion (CTZ-ME) and its gel form, clotrimazole microemulsion-based gel (CTZ-MBG), for the treatment of oral candidiasis.

Methods
CTZ-ME and CTZ-MBG were characterized for droplet size and texture, respectively. The ex-vivo permeation study and irritancy assessment of CTZ-ME and CTZ-MBG were performed using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as the model. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10 231 of CTZ-ME and CTZ-MBG was determined by agar diffusion method compared to the blank counterparts.

Key findings
CTZ-ME contained nano-sized droplets and CTZ-MBG had acceptable firmness and spreadability. CTZ-ME exhibited faster CAM permeation of the drug and larger inhibition zone than CTZ-MBG as the increased viscosity of CTZ-MBG resulted in more retardation and higher fluctuations in drug diffusion. As there were no detectable visual changes in CAM blood vessels after applying CTZ-ME or CTZ-MBG, both formulations were non-irritants.

Conclusions
CTZ-ME and CTZ-MBG could deliver the drug through CAM, the model for buccal delivery. Additionally, they did not cause irritancy and had effective antifungal activity against C. albicans. The results indicated that CTZ-ME and CTZ-MBG were potential effective antifungal formulations to treat oral candidiasis.
Association between left atrial enlargement and obstructive sleep apnea in a general population of 71‐year‐old men
Authors: Holtstrand Hjälm Henrik , Fu Michael , Hansson Per‐Olof , Zhong You , Caidahl Kenneth , Mandalenakis Zacharias , Morales David , Ergatoudes Constantinos , Rosengren Annika , Grote Ludger , Thunström Erik 
Published: August 2017

SummaryLeft atrial enlargement has been shown to be associated with obstructive sleep apnea in patients with coronary artery disease and in sleep clinic cohorts. However, data from the general population are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between obstructive sleep apnea and left atrial enlargement in a random sample from a general population of 71‐year‐old men. As part of the longitudinal population study The Study of Men Born in 1943, we analysed cross‐sectional data for 411 men, all 71 years old, who had participated in an overnight home sleep study and a standardized echocardiographic examination. Of the 411 men, 29.4% had moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea [apnea–hypopnea index score of ≥15 (n = 121)]. These participants showed a significantly higher frequency of systolic heart failure, hypertension, overweight, had greater waist circumference as well as higher left atrial areas compared with men with no or mild obstructive sleep apnea (23.7 ± 5.5 cm2 versus 21.6 ± 4.5 cm2, P < 0.001). In a linear regression analysis, obstructive sleep apnea was significantly associated with left atrial enlargement after adjusting for overweight, atrial fibrillation, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, hypertension and mitral regurgitation. Compared with individuals without obstructive sleep apnea, the mean left atrial area was 1.7 ± 1.5 cm2 larger in men with severe obstructive sleep apnea (P < 0.05) and 1.3 ± 1.1 cm2 larger among men with moderate obstructive sleep apnea (P < 0.05). In this cross‐sectional study of 71‐year‐old men from the general population, left atrial area was independently associated with prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea.