bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Striation and slickenline development on quartz fault surfaces at crustal conditions: Origin and effect on friction
Authors: Toy Virginia G. , Niemeijer André , Renard Francois , Morales Luiz , Wirth Richard 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFragments of optically flat silica discs embedded in synthetic gouge were deformed to examine the relationship between the development of striations and slickenlines, and deformation mechanisms, conditions, and fault rheology. Experiments were performed under hydrothermal conditions in a rotary shear apparatus at 100°C or 450°C, to shear strains of 2.02 < γ < 8.25. Slip hardening and softening prevail at low and high temperatures, respectively. In recovered samples, disc fragment surfaces are decorated by fine gouge, sometimes arranged in trails, pits, and scratch marks. Prominent grooves—inferred slickenlines—with constant orientation, wavelength <10 μm, and amplitude <0.7 μm are only observed on disc fragments deformed at 450°C. Some parts of the grooves below the original disc fragment surface contain scattered rounded beads of silica ~200 nm diameter. Conversely, close examination of pits in 100°C experiments reveals they contain angular particles <2 μm diameter. The 200 nm diameter crystalline quartz can precipitate at 450°C in only 250 s, well within the time frame of the experiments but precipitation at 100°C would take at least 8 years. No systematic dislocation arrays were observed in the quartz disc fragments, but microfractures are sporadically present. This indicates that at both temperatures brittle failure generated microfractures and microcomminution occurred where gouge particles impacted disc fragment surfaces. These observations suggest formation of silica beads by precipitation from amorphous silica facilitates slip weakening, smoothing of the fault surface parallel to the slip vector, development of undulations perpendicular to the slip vector by a pressure solution creep mechanism, weakening, and maintenance of a constant slip direction.
Extensive electron transport and energization via multiple, localized dipolarizing flux bundles
Authors: Gabrielse Christine , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Harris Camilla , Artemyev Anton , Kepko Larry , Runov Andrei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUsing an analytical model of multiple dipolarizing flux bundles (DFBs) embedded in earthward traveling bursty bulk flows, we demonstrate how equatorially mirroring electrons can travel long distances and gain hundreds of keV from betatron acceleration. The model parameters are constrained by four Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms satellite observations, putting limits on the DFBs' speed, location, and magnetic and electric field magnitudes. We find that the sharp, localized peaks in magnetic field have such strong spatial gradients that energetic electrons ∇B drift in closed paths around the peaks as those peaks travel earthward. This is understood in terms of the third adiabatic invariant, which remains constant when the field changes on timescales longer than the electron's drift timescale: An energetic electron encircles a sharp peak in magnetic field in a closed path subtending an area of approximately constant flux. As the flux bundle magnetic field increases the electron's drift path area shrinks and the electron is prevented from escaping to the ambient plasma sheet, while it continues to gain energy via betatron acceleration. When the flux bundles arrive at and merge with the inner magnetosphere, where the background field is strong, the electrons suddenly gain access to previously closed drift paths around the Earth. DFBs are therefore instrumental in transporting and energizing energetic electrons over long distances along the magnetotail, bringing them to the inner magnetosphere and energizing them by hundreds of keV.
The leap in the dark: Geological thoughts about an unpredictable planet
Authors: Todesco M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe live on a dynamic planet that changes continuously. Most of the times, we are unaware of its restless motion, so slow that only satellites capture it. But the calm is only apparent, and we appreciate the entire magnitude of the forces at play when natural disasters strike. Earth Science explores how and when the quiet breaks, but we do not have access to the interior of the planet. We rely on indirect information to constrain complex processes that we cannot observe or reproduce in our laboratories. As a result, our knowledge is incomplete and our assessments are burden with unavoidable uncertainty. Should we not talk about it?
Can beaches survive climate change?
Authors: Vitousek Sean , Barnard Patrick L. , Limber Patrick 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change is driving sea level rise, leading to numerous impacts on the coastal zone, such as increased coastal flooding, beach erosion, cliff failure, saltwater intrusion in aquifers, and groundwater inundation. Many beaches around the world are currently experiencing chronic erosion as a result of gradual, present‐day rates of sea level rise (about 3 mm/year) and human‐driven restrictions in sand supply (e.g., harbor dredging and river damming). Accelerated sea level rise threatens to worsen coastal erosion and challenge the very existence of natural beaches throughout the world. Understanding and predicting the rates of sea level rise and coastal erosion depends on integrating data on natural systems with computer simulations. Although many computer modeling approaches are available to simulate shoreline change, few are capable of making reliable long‐term predictions needed for full adaption or to enhance resilience. Recent advancements have allowed convincing decadal to centennial‐scale predictions of shoreline evolution. For example, along 500 km of the Southern California coast, a new model featuring data assimilation predicts that up to 67% of beaches may completely erode by 2100 without large‐scale human interventions. In spite of recent advancements, coastal evolution models must continue to improve in their theoretical framework, quantification of accuracy and uncertainty, computational efficiency, predictive capability, and integration with observed data, in order to meet the scientific and engineering challenges produced by a changing climate.
Effects of macromolecular configuration of thermally sensitive binder in lithium‐ion battery
Authors: Le Anh V. , Wang Meng , Noelle Daniel J. , Shi Yang , Yoon Hyojung , Zhang Minghao , Meng Y. Shirley , Qiao Yu 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIn order to suppress heat generation of nail‐penetrated lithium‐ion battery (LIB) cell, thermally sensitive binders (TSB) based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) were investigated. The testing data showed that with appropriate treatment, TSB could efficiently reduce the peak temperature associated with internal shorting, and did not influence the cycling performance of LIB. The molecular weight of TSB was not a vital factor, while crosslinking was critical. This technology can be used to mitigate thermal runaway of LIB, enabling safe and robust large‐scale energy storage. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45078.
Potassium‐Promoted Molybdenum Carbide as a Highly Active and Selective Catalyst for CO2 Conversion to CO
Authors: Porosoff Marc D. , Baldwin Jeffrey W. , Peng Xi , Mpourmpakis Giannis , Willauer Heather D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe high concentration of CO2 bound in seawater represents a significant opportunity to extract and use this CO2 as a C1 feedstock for synthetic fuels. Using an existing process, CO2 and H2 can be concurrently extracted from seawater and then catalytically reacted to produce synthetic fuel. Hydrogenating CO2 directly into liquid hydrocarbons is exceptionally difficult, but by first identifying a catalyst for selective CO production through the reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction, CO can then be hydrogenated to fuel through Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis. Results of this study demonstrate that potassium‐promoted molybdenum carbide supported on γ‐Al2O3 (K‐Mo2C/γ‐Al2O3) is a low‐cost, stable, and highly selective catalyst for RWGS over a wide range of conversions. These findings are supported by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations.
Oxidative stability of chilled broiler breast meat as affected by dietary supplementation with rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) powder and vitamin E
Authors: Rostami Hossein , Seidavi Alireza , Dadashbeiki Mohammad , Asadpour Yadollah , Simões João , Laudadio Vito , Milis Chrysostomos , Tufarelli Vincenzo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) powder and vitamin E, as feed additives combined at different levels, on oxidative stability of broiler meat up to 14th day after chilling. A total of 270 1‐day‐old male chicks of Ross 308 strain were randomly assigned to nine dietary groups with three replicates having 10 birds each. Diets were supplemented with 0, 0.5, or 1.0% of rosemary (R) powder and 0, 100, or 200 mg/kg of vitamin E (alpha‐tocopherol acetate; VitE) according to the following treatments: T1 – control basal diet (0R + 0VitE); T2 – 0R + 100VitE; T3 – 0R + 200VitE; T4 – 0.5R + 0VitE; T5 – 0.5R + 100VitE; T6 – 0.5R + 200VitE; T7 – 1.0R + 0VitE; T8 – 1.0R + 100VitE; and T9 – 1.0R + 200VitE. At day 42, two birds of each replicate were slaughtered and the length and weight of cecum was recorded. Carcasses and their economically valuable parts were also weighted and broiler breast refrigerated at 4°C for 14 days. At day 0, 4, 7, and 14 of storage the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of breast meat was evaluated. After 4 days of storage, meat MDA contents of the T5 (0.43 mg/kg) and T9 (0.41 mg/kg) were lower than control group (T1: 0.55 mg/kg; p < .05). On day 7, groups supplemented with rosemary or VitE alone showed similar MDA contents (p > .05) than control. On day 14, lower (p < .05) MDA contents than T1 were observed in all groups except for broilers fed diet supplemented only with vitamin E. No effects were observed between treatments on the relative weight of the several carcass traits, however, VitE influenced (p < .05) the weight and size of cecum. Based on our findings, the combination of rosemary powder and vitamin E at different levels in diet is useful to limit the lipid oxidation of chilled chicken meat.
Improving myoblast differentiation on electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) scaffolds
Authors: Abarzúa‐Illanes Phammela N. , Padilla Cristina , Ramos Andrea , Isaacs Mauricio , Ramos‐Grez Jorge , Olguín Hugo C. , Valenzuela Loreto M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPolymer scaffolds are used as an alternative to support tissue regeneration when it does not occur on its own. Cell response on polymer scaffolds is determined by factors such as polymer composition, topology, and the presence of other molecules. We evaluated the cellular response of murine skeletal muscle myoblasts on aligned or unaligned fibers obtained by electrospinning poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), and blends with poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) or decorin, a proteoglycan known to regulate myogenesis. The results showed that aligned PCL fibers with higher content of PLGA promote cell growth and improve the quality of differentiation with PLGA scaffolds having the highest confluence at over 68% of coverage per field of view for myoblasts and more than 7% of coverage for myotubes. At the same time, the addition of decorin greatly improves the quantity and quality of differentiated cells in terms of cell fusion, myotube length and thickness, being 71, 10, and 51% greater than without the protein, respectively. Interestingly, our results suggest that at certain concentrations, the effect of decorin on myoblast differentiation exceeds the topological effect of fiber alignment. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2241–2251, 2017.
Benzenesulfonic Acid: A Versatile Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes as Antioxidants
Authors: Simha Pulla Reddy , Mangali Madhu Sekhar , Kuppireddy Gari Divya , Venkatapuram Padmavathi , Adivireddy Padmaja 
Published: April 2017

The reaction of indoles with carbonyl compounds in the presence of 5 mol% benzenesulfonic acid in acetonitrile was performed to synthesize bis(indolyl)methane derivatives adopting conventional and ultrasonication methodologies. The reaction proceeded in shorter reaction time in ultrasonication methodology leading to high yield of the products. All the synthesized compounds were tested for antioxidant activity. Among all the tested compounds, 3k exhibited pronounced antioxidant activity.
THE SAFAVID THREAT AND JURISTIC AUTHORITY IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE DURING THE 16TH CENTURY
Authors: Atçıl Abdurrahman 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article investigates the opinions of three senior Ottoman jurists, Sarıgörez (d. 1522), Kemalpaşazade (d. 1534), and Ebussuud (d. 1574), on the subject of the Safavids and their supporters. Historians have treated these opinions as part of the vast polemical literature uniformly intended to justify an impending Ottoman attack against their Safavid rivals. Questioning the notion that all authors shared an undifferentiated attitude, this article underlines that, unlike most polemical literature, the opinions of these three jurists focused on the religiolegal aspects of the Safavid issue and varied and evolved in line with changing historical realities, the jurists’ divergent assessments of the Safavid threat, and their preference for different jurisprudential doctrines. Based on an analysis of the opinions, I argue that these jurists assumed a high degree of autonomy as producers and interpreters of the law and thus did not necessarily feel obliged to legitimate or excuse every imperial action.
Sulfated Hyaluronan Derivatives Modulate TGF-β1:Receptor Complex Formation: Possible Consequences for TGF-β1 Signaling
Authors: Koehler Linda , Samsonov Sergey , Rother Sandra , Vogel Sarah , Köhling Sebastian , Moeller Stephanie , Schnabelrauch Matthias , Rademann Jörg , Hempel Ute , Pisabarro M. Teresa , Scharnweber Dieter , Hintze Vera 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGlycosaminoglycans are known to bind biological mediators thereby modulating their biological activity. Sulfated hyaluronans (sHA) were reported to strongly interact with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 leading to impaired bioactivity in fibroblasts. The underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated yet. Examining the interaction of all components of the TGF-β1:receptor complex with sHA by surface plasmon resonance, we could show that highly sulfated HA (sHA3) blocks binding of TGF-β1 to its TGF-β receptor-I (TβR-I) and -II (TβR-II). However, sequential addition of sHA3 to the TβR-II/TGF-β1 complex led to a significantly stronger recruitment of TβR-I compared to a complex lacking sHA3, indicating that the order of binding events is very important. Molecular modeling suggested a possible molecular mechanism in which sHA3 could potentially favor the association of TβR-I when added sequentially. For the first time bioactivity of TGF-β1 in conjunction with sHA was investigated at the receptor level. TβR-I and, furthermore, Smad2 phosphorylation were decreased in the presence of sHA3 indicating the formation of an inactive signaling complex. The results contribute to an improved understanding of the interference of sHA3 with TGF-β1:receptor complex formation and will help to further improve the design of functional biomaterials that interfere with TGF-β1-driven skin fibrosis.
LncRNAs2Pathways: Identifying the pathways influenced by a set of lncRNAs of interest based on a global network propagation method
Authors: Han Junwei , Liu Siyao , Sun Zeguo , Zhang Yunpeng , Zhang Fan , Zhang Chunlong , Shang Desi , Yang Haixiu , Su Fei , Xu Yanjun , Li Chunquan , Ren Huan , Li Xia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to play essential roles in diverse cellular processes and biological functions. Exploring the functions associated with lncRNAs may help provide insight into their underlying biological mechanisms. The current methods primarily focus on investigating the functions of individual lncRNAs; however, essential biological functions may be affected by the combinatorial effects of multiple lncRNAs. Here, we have developed a novel computational method, LncRNAs2Pathways, to identify the functional pathways influenced by the combinatorial effects of a set of lncRNAs of interest based on a global network propagation algorithm. A new Kolmogorov–Smirnov-like statistical measure weighted by the network propagation score, which considers the expression correlation among lncRNAs and coding genes, was used to evaluate the biological pathways influenced by the lncRNAs of interest. We have described the LncRNAs2Pathways methodology and illustrated its effectiveness by analyzing three lncRNA sets associated with glioma, prostate and pancreatic cancers. We further analyzed the reproducibility and robustness and compared our results with those of two other methods. Based on these analyses, we showed that LncRNAs2Pathways can effectively identify the functional pathways associated with lncRNA sets. Finally, we implemented this method as a freely available R-based tool.
The neural dynamics underlying the interpersonal effects of emotional expression on decision making
Authors: Chen Xuhai , Zheng Tingting , Han Lingzi , Chang Yingchao , Luo Yangmei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAlthough numerous studies explore the effects of emotion on decision-making, the existing research has mainly focused on the influence of intrapersonal emotions, leaving the influence of one person’s emotions on another’s decisions underestimated. To specify how interpersonal emotions shape decision-making and delineate the underlying neural dynamics involved, the present study examined brain responses to utilitarian feedback combined with angry or happy faces in competitive and cooperative contexts. Behavioral results showed that participants responded slower following losses than wins when competitors express happiness but responded faster following losses than wins when cooperators express anger. Importantly, angry faces in competitive context reversed the differentiation pattern of feedback-related negativity (FRN) between losses and wins and diminished the difference between losses and wins on both P300 and theta power, but only diminished the difference on FRN between losses and wins in cooperative context. However, when partner displays happiness, losses versus wins elicited larger FRN and theta power in competitive context but smaller P300 in both contexts. These results suggest that interpersonal emotions shape decisions during both automatic motivational salience valuation (FRN) and conscious cognitive appraisal (P300) stages of processing, in which different emotional expressions exert interpersonal influence through different routes.
Characterization of Different Microbubbles in Assisting Focused Ultrasound-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Opening
Authors: Wu Sheng-Kai , Chu Po-Chun , Chai Wen-Yen , Kang Shih-Tsung , Tsai Chih-Hung , Fan Ching-Hsiang , Yeh Chih-Kuang , Liu Hao-Li 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMicrobubbles (MBs) serve as a critical catalyst to amplify local cavitation in CNS capillary lumen to facilitate focused ultrasound (FUS) to transiently open the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, limited understanding is available regarding the effect of different microbubbles to induce BBB opening. The aim of this study is to characterize different MBs on their effect in FUS-induced BBB opening. Three MBs, SonoVue, Definity, and USphere, were tested, with 0.4-MHz FUS exposure at 0.62–1.38 of mechanical index (MI) on rats. Evans blue, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI and small-animal ultrasound imaging were used as surrogates to allow molecule-penetrated quantification, BBB-opened observation, and MBs circulation/persistence. Cavitation activity was measured via the passive cavitation detection (PCD) setup to correlate with the exposure level and the histological effect. Under given and identical MB concentrations, the three MBs induced similar and equivalent BBB-opening effects and persistence. In addition, a treatment paradigm by adapting exposure time is proposed to compensate MB decay to retain the persistence of BBB-opening efficiency in multiple FUS exposures. The results potentially improve understanding of the equivalence among MBs in focused ultrasound CNS drug delivery, and provide an effective strategy for securing persistence in this treatment modality.
Head Measurements for the Diagnosis of Craniosynostosis
Authors: CostaVal José , Mandic Leopoldo , Gusmão Sebastião 
Published: April 2017

Objective Craniosynostosis is a group of growth disturbances of the skull, which can result in serious consequences for the children who suffer from it. Early diagnosis provides treatment at the correct time. Most of the time, the pediatrician uses the head circumference (HC) as a parameter for the diagnosis, but the HC does not appear to be changed in this disease, leading to incorrect interpretations. The anteroposterior distance (APD) and biauricular distance (BAD) appear to be more accurate. The aim of this study is to analyze the value of the HC and the ratio between the measurements of the APD and the BAD for this diagnosis.
Methods We analyzed the data from 129 children who had already undergone an operation for craniosynostosis at an institution in Southeastern Brazil. These data were compared with the normal standards of the population and statistically analyzed to establish their alterations.
Results The HC did not change significantly in cases of craniosynostosis, neither when it was considered as a single disease, nor when considering the different subtypes. The APD/BAD ratio changed significantly in the group.
Conclusion The HC does not appear to be useful in the diagnosis of craniosynostosis as an individual parameter. The APD/BAD ratio appears to help in the diagnosis.
Rectified factor networks for biclustering of omics data
Authors: Clevert Djork-Arné , Unterthiner Thomas , Povysil Gundula , Hochreiter Sepp 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Biclustering has become a major tool for analyzing large datasets given as matrix of samples times features and has been successfully applied in life sciences and e-commerce for drug design and recommender systems, respectively. Factor Analysis for Bicluster Acquisition (FABIA), one of the most successful biclustering methods, is a generative model that represents each bicluster by two sparse membership vectors: one for the samples and one for the features. However, FABIA is restricted to about 20 code units because of the high computational complexity of computing the posterior. Furthermore, code units are sometimes insufficiently decorrelated and sample membership is difficult to determine. We propose to use the recently introduced unsupervised Deep Learning approach Rectified Factor Networks (RFNs) to overcome the drawbacks of existing biclustering methods. RFNs efficiently construct very sparse, non-linear, high-dimensional representations of the input via their posterior means. RFN learning is a generalized alternating minimization algorithm based on the posterior regularization method which enforces non-negative and normalized posterior means. Each code unit represents a bicluster, where samples for which the code unit is active belong to the bicluster and features that have activating weights to the code unit belong to the bicluster.

Results
On 400 benchmark datasets and on three gene expression datasets with known clusters, RFN outperformed 13 other biclustering methods including FABIA. On data of the 1000 Genomes Project, RFN could identify DNA segments which indicate, that interbreeding with other hominins starting already before ancestors of modern humans left Africa.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/bioinf-jku/librfn