bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Being Good Parents or Being Good Citizens: Dilemmas and Contradictions of Urban Families in Middle‐Class Enclaves and Mixed Neighbourhoods in Germany
Authors: Frank Susanne , Weck Sabine 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn recent years, cities have become ever more attractive to middle‐class families. On the one hand, middle‐class families tend to withdraw into (often newly built) socially homogeneous middle‐class neighbourhoods. On the other hand, they are also known to move into inner‐city and socially mixed areas, thus triggering processes of gentrification. Academic literature has often denounced these housing choices as being either ‘separatist’ or ‘revanchist’, more broadly categorized as strategies of ‘middle‐class disaffiliation’. Although there is a grain of truth in these interpretations, the reality is certainly more complicated. In our research on middle‐class parents’ housing and neighbourhood choices as well as their patterns of neighbourhood use, carried out in each of the two types of residential area mentioned above, we have only very rarely found an explicit desire to draw boundaries that exclude those ‘beneath’ them. We rather argue that the housing choices and neighbourhood‐related activities of middle‐class family households are heavily influenced by the specific dilemmas the interviewees face as (working) urban parents. While a significant number of respondents worry about the social sustainability, justice and cohesion of urban society, they are also concerned about the future prospects of their children. Many find it difficult to reconcile these conflicting normative demands under the prevailing circumstances.
Continued Continuations of Complete Histories: Tobias Smollett and the Work of History
Authors: Jones Richard J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTobias Smollett wrote one of the best‐selling historical works of the eighteenth century: the Complete History of England and Continuation. By exploring the idea of ‘continuation’ – both as a form of publication and as a narrative technique – this article seeks to recover the work in which Smollett was engaged. To do so, it considers connections with David Hume's History of England. It suggests that, unlike Hume, Smollett attempted to sustain a media event – one that was supported by his work as both critic and translator. It is this that should be understood as Smollett's work of history.
Multi‐level patterns in population genetics: Variogram series detects a hidden isolation‐by‐distance‐dominated structure of Scandinavian brown bears Ursus arctos
Authors: Schregel Julia , Remm Jaanus , Eiken Hans Geir , Swenson Jon E. , Saarma Urmas , Hagen Snorre B. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Large‐scale pattern‐oriented approaches are useful to understand the multi‐level processes that shape the genetic structure of a population. Matching the scales of patterns and putative processes is both a key to success and a challenge.

We have developed a simple statistical approach, based on variogram analysis, that identifies multiple spatial scales where the population pattern, in this case genetic structure, have highest expression (i.e. the spatial scales at which the strength of patterning of isolation‐by‐distance (IBD) residual variance reached maximum) from empirical data and, thus, at which scales it should be studied relative to the underlying processes. The approach is applicable to any spatially explicit pairwise data, including genetic, morphological or ecological distance or similarity of individuals, populations and ecosystems. To exemplify possible applications of this approach, we analysed microsatellite genotypes of 1,530 brown bears from Sweden and Norway.

The variogram approach identified two scales at which population structure was strongest, thus indicating two different scale‐dependent processes: home‐range‐related processes at scales <35 km, and subpopulation division at scales >98 km. On the basis of this, we performed a scale‐explicit analysis of genetic structure using DResD analysis and compared the results with those obtained by the Bayesian clustering implemented in structure.

We found that the genetic cluster identified in central Scandinavia by Structure is caused by IBD, with distinct gene flow barriers to the south and north. We discuss possible applications and research perspectives to further develop the approach.
Serum‐based six‐miRNA signature as a potential marker for EC diagnosis: Comparison with TCGA miRNAseq dataset and identification of miRNA–mRNA target pairs by integrated analysis of TCGA miRNAseq and RNAseq datasets
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Saraya Anoop , Sharma Rinu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the diagnostic potential of a six microRNAs (miRNAs) panel consisting of miR‐21, miR‐144, miR‐107, miR‐342, miR‐93 and miR‐152 for esophageal cancer (EC) detection.MethodsThe expression of miRNAs was analyzed in EC sera samples using quantitative real‐time PCR. Risk score analysis was performed and linear regression models were then fitted to generate the six‐miRNA panel. In addition, we made an effort to identify significantly dysregulated miRNAs and mRNAs in EC using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) miRNAseq and RNAseq datasets, respectively. Further, we identified significantly correlated miRNA–mRNA target pairs by integrating TCGA EC miRNAseq dataset with RNAseq dataset.ResultsThe panel of circulating miRNAs showed enhanced sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (90.48%) in terms of discriminating EC patients from normal subjects (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.968). Pathway enrichment analysis for potential targets of six miRNAs revealed 48 significant (P < 0.05) pathways, viz. pathways in cancer, mRNA surveillance, MAPK, Wnt, mTOR signaling, and so on. The expression data for mRNAs and miRNAs, downloaded from TCGA database, lead to identification of 2309 differentially expressed genes and 189 miRNAs. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis showed that cell‐cycle processes were most significantly enriched for differentially expressed mRNA. Integrated analysis of TCGA miRNAseq and RNAseq datasets resulted in identification of 53 063 significantly and negatively correlated miRNA–mRNA pairs.ConclusionIn summary, a novel and highly sensitive signature of serum miRNAs was identified for EC detection. Moreover, this is the first report identifying miRNA–mRNA target pairs from EC TCGA dataset, thus providing a comprehensive resource for understanding the interactions existing between miRNA and their target mRNAs in EC.
Association between visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid examination and high‐risk human papillomavirus infection, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Vallely Andrew J. , Toliman Pamela J. , Ryan Claire , Rai Glennis , Wapling Johanna , Gabuzzi Josephine , Kumbia Antonia , Kombuk Benny , Kombati Zure , Vallely Lisa M. , Kelly‐Hanku Angela , Wand Handan , Tabrizi Sepehr N. , Mola Glen D. L. , Kaldor John M. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundPapua New Guinea (PNG) has among the highest estimated burdens of cervical cancer globally but currently has no national cervical screening program. Visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) is a low‐cost screening strategy endorsed by the World Health Organization that has been adopted in many low‐resource settings but not previously evaluated in PNG.AimTo evaluate the association between VIA examination findings and high‐risk HPV (hrHPV) infection; and the impact of concomitant genital Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis on the interpretation of VIA findings.MethodsA prospective clinical cohort study among women aged 30–59 years attending Well Woman Clinics in PNG. Main outcome measures were VIA examination findings and laboratory‐confirmed hrHPV, C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae and T. vaginalis.ResultsA total of 614 women were enrolled, of whom 87.5% (537/614) underwent VIA, and 12.5% (77/614) did not due to pre‐existing cervicitis or inability to visualise the transformation zone. Among the 537 women who underwent VIA, 21.6% were VIA positive, 63.7% VIA negative, and 14.7% had indeterminate findings. The prevalence of hrHPV infection (n = 614) was 14.7%; C. trachomatis, 7.5%; N. gonorrhoeae, 8.0%; and T. vaginalis, 15.0%. VIA positive women were more likely to have HPV16 (odds ratio: 5.0; 95%CI: 1.6–15.6; P = 0.006) but there was no association between HPV18/45, all hrHPV types (combined), C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae or T. vaginalis.ConclusionsVIA positivity was associated with HPV16, but not with other hrHPV infections, nor with genital C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae or T. vaginalis in this setting.
Vaccination protects endangered albatross chicks against avian cholera
Authors: Bourret Vincent , Gamble Amandine , Tornos Jérémy , Jaeger Audrey , Delord Karine , Barbraud Christophe , Tortosa Pablo , Kada Sarah , Thiebot Jean‐Baptiste , Thibault Eric , Gantelet Hubert , Weimerskirch Henri , Garnier Romain , Boulinier Thierry 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGlobal change is contributing to unprecedented expansions of infectious diseases in wildlife. Recurrent avian cholera outbreaks are causing dramatic chick mortality and population decline in endangered albatross colonies on Amsterdam Island, a critical seabird breeding ground in the Southern Indian Ocean. We manufactured a killed vaccine using a Pasteurella multocida strain isolated from a dead albatross in the field. We used this same bacterial strain to establish a serological assay allowing the monitoring of antibody levels following bird vaccination. Using this vaccine on chicks 2 weeks posthatching caused 100% seroconversion and reduced the death risk by a factor exceeding 2.5, raising fledging probability from 14% to 46%. These results suggest that using a specifically tailored vaccine could be a key tool to effectively protect endangered seabirds from disease outbreaks threatening them with extinction.
The effect of microbial activity on soil water diffusivity
Authors: Choudhury B. U. , Ferraris S. , Ashton R. W. , Powlson D. S. , Whalley W. R. 
Published: January 2018

In this study, we explored the effects of microbial activity on the evaporation of water from cores of a sandy soil under laboratory conditions. We applied treatments to stimulate microbial activity by adding different amounts of synthetic analogue root exudates. For comparison, we used soil samples without synthetic root exudates as control and samples treated with mercuric chloride to suppress microbial activity. Our results suggest that increasing microbial activity reduces the rate of evaporation from soil. Estimated diffusivities in soil with the largest amounts of added root exudates were one third of those estimated in samples where microbial activity was suppressed by adding mercuric chloride. We discuss the effect of our results with respect to water uptake by roots.Highlights
We explored effects of microbial activity on the evaporation of water from cores of a sandy soil.
We found the effect of microbial activity on water release characteristic was small.
Increasing microbial activity reduced evaporation from soil, while microbial suppression increased it.
Effect of microbial activity on root water uptake was estimated to be equivalent to a change in soil structure.
Pre‐drill Groundwater Geochemistry in the Karoo Basin, South Africa
Authors: Harkness Jennifer S. , Swana Kelley , Eymold William K. , Miller Jodie , Murray Ricky , Talma Siep , Whyte Colin J. , Moore Myles T. , Maletic Erica L. , Vengosh Avner , Darrah Thomas H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEnhanced production of unconventional hydrocarbons in the United States has driven interest in natural gas development globally, but simultaneously raised concerns regarding water quantity and quality impacts associated with hydrocarbon extraction. We conducted a pre‐development assessment of groundwater geochemistry in the critically water‐restricted Karoo Basin, South Africa. Twenty‐two springs and groundwater samples were analyzed for major dissolved ions, trace elements, water stable isotopes, strontium and boron isotopes, hydrocarbons and helium composition. The data revealed three end‐members: a deep, saline groundwater with a sodium‐chloride composition, an old, deep freshwater with a sodium‐bicarbonate‐chloride composition and a shallow, calcium‐bicarbonate freshwater. In a few cases, we identified direct mixing of the deep saline water and shallow groundwater. Stable water isotopes indicate that the shallow groundwater was controlled by evaporation in arid conditions, while the saline waters were diluted by apparently fossil meteoric water originated under wetter climatic conditions. These geochemical and isotopic data, in combination with elevated helium levels, suggest that exogenous fluids are the source of the saline groundwater and originated from remnant seawater prior to dilution by old meteoric water combined with further modification by water‐rock interactions. Samples with elevated methane concentrations (>14 ccSTP/kg) were strongly associated with the sodium‐chloride water located near dolerite intrusions, which likely provide a preferential pathway for vertical migration of deeply sourced hydrocarbon‐rich saline waters to the surface. This pre‐drill evaluation indicates that the natural migration of methane‐ and salt‐rich waters provides a source of geogenic contamination to shallow aquifers prior to shale gas development in the Karoo Basin.
Extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type, in Senegal
Authors: Diallo Moussa , Diop Assane , Diatta Boubacar A. , Ndiaye Maodo , Ortonne Nicolas , Dieng Mame T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe distribution of extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is highly inhomogeneous throughout the world. In Sub‐Saharan Africa, despite the precocity of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection and its endemicity, ENKTCL remains exceptionally reported. The purpose of this study was to report the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, and evolutionary characteristics of ENKTCL at the Aristide LeDantec University Hospital in Dakar, Senegal.MethodologyA 5‐year retrospective review of all patients with histopathological, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization proven cutaneous lymphomasResultsWe collected seven cases corresponding to a frequency of 1.4 cases per year. ENKTCL accounted for 10.5% of all cutaneous lymphomas, ranking second after T‐cell lymphomas. Men were predominantly affected (M : F ratio of 6), and the mean age was 38.5 years ± 4.06. The mean time before consultation was 7.3 months. The lymphomas affected primarily the nasal cavity in five cases and the skin in two cases. At admission, six patients had nasal mucosa involvement, which was isolated in three cases, associated with cutaneous lesions in three cases and lymph node involvement in three cases. CD56 was positive in only one case, and Eber transcribed RNA of EBV was expressed by in situ hybridization in all patients.DiscussionTo our knowledge, we have reported the first and largest series of ENKTCL in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Our study shows an intermediate prevalence between that reported from Asia, Latin America, and the West. It was also noted a young age of patients, a prolonged diagnostic delay, a frequent negativity of CD56 marker, and a very poor prognosis of the disease in our region.
Prevalence of burnout among nurses in Iran: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rezaei S. , Karami Matin B. , Hajizadeh M. , Soroush A. , Nouri B. 
Published: January 2018

AimThis study aimed to summarize the available information in the literature to make an accurate estimate of the prevalence of burnout among Iranian nurses.Background and introductionBurnout is a work‐related stress syndrome that has negative impact on healthcare providers, patients and healthcare delivery systems.MethodA comprehensive search of literature using international [PubMed, Scopus and the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)] and Iranian scientific data bases [Scientific Information Database (SID), IranMedex and Magiran] was conducted to identify English and Persian language studies, published between 2000 and 2016, that examined the prevalence of burnout among nurses in Iran. The I‐squared test and Chi‐squared‐based Q‐test suggested heterogeneity of reported prevalence among the qualified studies; thus, a random‐effects model was applied to estimate the overall prevalence of burnout among nurses in Iran.ResultsBased on 21 selected articles with 4180 participants, the overall prevalence of burnout among Iranian nurses was estimated to be 36% [95% confidence interval (CI), 20–53%] in Iran. Meta‐regression indicated that sample size and year of data collection, mean age of samples, female to male ratio and geographic regions were not statistically significantly associated with the prevalence of burnout. Also, based on Egger's test and funnel plot, there is no publication bias among studies included in the analysis.ConclusionProfessional burnout affects more than one‐third of nursing staff in Iran; thus, effective interventions and strategies are required to reduce and prevent burnout among nurses.Implication for nursing and health policyDue to the negative consequences of burnout on patients, nurses and organizations, nursing and healthcare managers should intervene to prevent and reduce burnout among nurses in Iran. Policy attention should focus on developing effective interventions to prevent and minimize the burden of burnout among nurses in Iran. Nurses’ involvement in the policy‐making process is crucial in the implementation of effective programs and initiatives tailored to address the higher prevalence of burnout among Iranian nurses.
Institutional Ownership and Private Equity Placements: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms
Authors: He Qing , Li Dongxu , Lu Liping , Chong Terence Tai Leung 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of institutional ownership on the performance of private equity placements (PEPs) for listed firms in China. We find that the presence of institutional investors can alleviate the information asymmetries between listed firms and the market. The market reaction to PEP announcements is significantly smaller if there is a higher portion of institutional shareholdings. Long‐term firm operational performance after PEPs is positively correlated with institutional shareholdings. Moreover, we find that the relationship between institutional shareholdings and PEP performance is mainly driven by nonlisted corporate investors and mutual funds. Finally, the relationship between PEP performance and institutional shareholdings is stronger in smaller PEP issuers.
Correlation between computer tomography‐derived scar topography and critical ablation sites in postinfarction ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Ghannam Michael , Cochet Hubert , Jais Pierre , Sermesant Maxime , Patel Smita , Siontis Konstantinos C. , Morady Fred , Bogun Frank 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundMyocardial wall thickness (WT) in patients with a prior myocardial infarction has been used to indicate scarring. However, the correlation of WT with sites critical to ventricular tachycardia (VT) has not been previously investigated. The purpose of this study was to correlate electroanatomic mapping data obtained during VT ablation with WT determined by cardiac computed tomography (CT).Methods and resultsCardiac CTs were performed in 15 consecutive patients (mean age 63 ± 10 years, 86% male, left ventricular ejection fraction 27 ± 12%) with a prior infarct referred for VT ablation. The CTs were registered to the electroanatomic maps obtained during the mapping procedure. Pacing was performed throughout the scar at sites with fractionated electrograms and isolated potentials. Ablation sites were identified by pace‐mapping or entrainment‐mapping and these sites were correlated with WT. Bipolar and unipolar voltage amplitude and bipolar electrogram width correlated with WT (correlation coefficient: 0.63, 0.65, and 0.41, respectively, P < 0.001). Ablation target sites were identified for 58 of 113 inducible VTs. The ablation target sites were located on CT‐defined ridges (WT: 4.2 ± 1.2 mm) bordered by areas of thinning (WT: 2.6 ± 1.1 mm, P < 0.0001) in 14 of 15 patients. Ablation targets were found on ridges in 49 of 58 VTs (84%) for which target sites were identified. A total of 70 ridges were localized in the 15 patients. VT became noninducible postablation in 11 of 15 patients (73%).ConclusionWT measured by CT identifies ridges of myocardial tissue that often are critical for postinfarction VT and that can be appropriate target sites for ablation.
Low levels of hybridization in two species of African driver ants
Authors: Butler I. A. , Peters M. K. , Kronauer D. J. C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHybridization in ants can have consequences different from those observed in most other species, with many of the potential deleterious effects being mitigated due to haplodiploidy and eusociality. In some species where colonies are either headed by multiple queens or single queens that mate with many males, hybridization is associated with genetic caste determination, where hybrids develop into workers and purebred individuals develop into queens. A previous study suggested that hybridization occurs between two Dorylus army ant species with multiply mated queens. However, the extent and exact pattern of hybridization have remained unclear, and its possible effect on caste determination has not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to determine the extent and direction of hybridization by measuring how frequently hybrids occur in colonies of both species, and to investigate the possibility of genetic caste determination. We show that hybridization is bidirectional and occurs at equal rates in both species. Hybrid workers make up only 1–2% of the population, and successful interspecific matings represent approximately 2% of all matings in both species. This shows that, although interspecific matings that give rise to worker offspring occur regularly, they are much rarer than intraspecific mating. Finally, we find no evidence of an association between hybridization and genetic caste determination in this population. This means that genetic caste determination is not a necessary outcome of hybridization in ants, even in species where queens mate with multiple males.
Biodegradable nanoparticles as theranostics of ovarian cancer: an overview
Authors: Chaurasiya Swati , Mishra Vijay 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Above 10 million people are suffering from cancers every year. As per American Cancer Society, more than 22 440 new cases and 14 080 deaths were reported from ovarian cancer yearly worldwide. This review explores the current status, challenges and future perspectives of tumour-targeted theranostic nanoparticles (NPs).

Key findings
Most of the ovarian malignancy cases are uncovered after the disease is in a difficult state due to poor screening techniques and non-specific symptoms. In this manner, forceful and fruitful treatment is required that will indicate insignificant lethal impacts to solid tissue. In the current research, stealth biodegradable NPs are produced as vehicles for imaging and treatment of ovarian cancer as the controlled and targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic as well as imaging agents. To enhance the dependability of the colloidal suspension as well as to increase their circulation lifetime, NPs are introduced by incorporating the functional poly(ethylene glycol) on their surface, which also provides a site to conjugation of focusing on agents to ovarian tissue.

Summary
Biodegradable theranostic NPs can be fabricated and surface engineered without any alteration in drug-loading capacity, safety and efficacy. These NPs have shown promising results in imaging as well as treatment of ovarian cancer.