bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multifunctional Nanodrug Increases the Therapeutic Sensitivity of Lenvatinib to Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting the Stemness of Hepatic Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Yang Xieqing , Zhang Qiaoyun , Li Dongye , Hu Lanxin , Wang Yu , Yan Xinyu , Li Yunhua , Wang Yong , Zhang Fang , Shen Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDrug resistance resulting from diverse mechanisms including the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the main obstacle for improving therapeutic efficacy of lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, a nanomedicine (siCD24‐Len‐MnO@PLAP) is developed by incorporating manganese oxide (MnO), lenvatinib (Len), and siRNA against CD24 (siCD24) into micelles composed of methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG), poly‐L‐lysine (PLLys), and polyasparagyl(N‐(2‐Aminoethyl)piperidine) (PAsp(PIP)) triblock copolymer. The nanomedicine can respond to the tumor microenvironment (TME) to release lenvatinib, and produce Mn2+ and O2, accompanied by changes in nanoparticle charge, which facilitates cellular endocytosis of siCD24‐loaded nanoparticles. The released siCD24 and lenvatinib synergistically reduces CD24 expression, resulting in a more pronounced inhibition of stemness of CSCs. In the mouse models of HCC using Huh7‐derived CSCs and Hepa1‐6‐derived CSCs, the nanomedicine shows remarkable anti‐cancer effect by enhancing the therapeutic effects of lenvatinib against HCC via reducing the expression level of CD24 and decreasing the expression of hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α). Moreover, in situ production of paramagnetic Mn2+ from the nanomedicine serves as an excellent contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor the therapeutic process. This study demonstrates that this multifunctional MRI‐visible siCD24‐ and lenvatinib‐loaded nanodrug holds great potential in enhancing therapeutic sensitivity for HCC lenvatinib therapy.
Interfacial Stress Transfer and Fracture in van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Li Zheling , Liu Mufeng , Kumar Pankaj , Chang Zhenghua , Qi Guocheng , He Pei , Wei Yujie , Young Robert J. , Novoselov Kostya S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArtificially stacking 2D materials (2DMs) into vdW heterostructures creates materials with properties not present in nature that offer great potential for various applications such as flexible electronics. Properties of such stacked structures are controlled largely by the interfacial interactions and the structural integrity of the 2DMs. In spite of their crucial roles, interfacial stress transfer and the failure mechanisms of the vdW heterostructures, particularly during deformation, have not been well addressed so far. In this work, the interfacial stress transfer and failure mechanisms of a MoS2/graphene vdW heterostructure are studied, through the strain distributions both laterally in individual 2DMs and vertically across different 2DMs revealed in‐situ. The fracture of the MoS2 and the associated states of stress and strain are monitored experimentally. This enables various interfacial properties, such as the interfacial shear strength and interfacial fracture energy, to be estimated. Based only on the measured strength and interfacial properties of a single vdW heterostructure, a failure criterion is proposed to predict the failure mechanisms of similar vdW heterostructures with any lateral dimensions. This work provides an insight to the deformation micromechanics of vdW heterostructures that are of great value for their miniaturization and applications, especially in flexible electronics.
Phase–Change Liquid Encapsulated Quantum Dot Color Conversion Film for Wide Color Gamut LCDs
Authors: Liu Ronghuan , Xu Bing , Liu Pai , Luo Guiwen , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuantum dot (QD) color conversion films encapsulated with high barrier films are being applied to wide color gamut liquid crystal displays (LCDs). However, besides the expensive cost of barrier films, the aging of QD films under high temperature and high‐intensity blue light remains unresolved. Here, a QD color conversion film is developed using phase‐change liquid encapsulation suitable for roll‐to‐roll film fabrication. In this method, the QDs are encapsulated in the phase‐change material octadecane, which switches between solid and liquid states in response to temperature changes corresponding to standby and operation of the display, respectively. This process endows the self‐healing of QD ligands (liquid state) and effectively increases the lifespan of QDs under ultraviolet (UV) light. This novel phase‐change liquid encapsulation method significantly improves the UV light resistance and long‐term stability of QD color conversion films compared to conventional solid‐state encapsulation. Under conditions of 60 °C, 90% humidity, and 40 mW cm−2 blue LED backlighting, the phase‐change liquid encapsulated QD color conversion film maintains less than 10% brightness degradation for 680 h. This phase‐change liquid encapsulation technology opens new possibilities for manufacturing more durable QD color conversion films.
Photonic Whitener Pigments: A Sustainable Alternative to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Safari Maryam , Wang Qimeng , Schreur‐Piet Ingeborg , de Vries Renko , Kodger Thomas Edward 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTitanium dioxide is the world's most widely used pigment; however, increased cost and potential environmental concerns have driven a need for a sustainable replacement. The study has developed a scalable method to produce more sustainable photonic whiteners with application in paint and other dispersion formulations. Bio‐resourced zein protein nanoparticles are synthesized and used as sacrificial templates within a silica matrix. These micron‐sized photonic whiteners exhibit morphologically dependent whitening capabilities when incorporated into paint films. When the silica content is insufficient, an open structure forms, while an excess of silica content results in fewer interfaces and reduced scattering efficiency, leading to suboptimal whitening performance. An ideal ratio of silica to zein nanoparticles ensures optimal whitening properties comparable to commercially available whitener alternatives to titanium dioxide. Further analysis reveals a non‐uniform internal morphology of the photonic whiteners, with a silica‐void network dispersed within a solid silica matrix. This morphology provides an innovative criterion for optimizing the whitening performance of photonic structures beyond composition.
The T‐Type Calcium Channel CACNA1H is Required for Smooth Muscle Cytoskeletal Organization During Tracheal Tubulogenesis
Authors: Liu Ziying , Lu Chunyan , Ma Li , Li Changjiang , Luo Haiyun , Liu Yiqi , Liu Xinyuan , Li Haiqing , Cui Yachao , Zeng Jiahang , Bottasso‐Arias Natalia , Sinner Debora , Li Le , Wang Jian , Stainier Didier Y. R. , Yin Wenguang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAbnormalities of tracheal smooth muscle (SM) formation are associated with several clinical disorders including tracheal stenosis and tracheomalacia. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tracheal SM formation remain poorly understood. Here, it is shown that the T‐type calcium channel CACNA1H is a novel regulator of tracheal SM formation and contraction. Cacna1h in an ethylnitrosourea forward genetic screen for regulators of respiratory disease using the mouse as a model is identified. Cacna1h mutants exhibit tracheal stenosis, disorganized SM and compromised tracheal contraction. CACNA1H is essential to maintain actin polymerization, which is required for tracheal SM organization and tube formation. This process appears to be partially mediated through activation of the actin regulator RhoA, as pharmacological increase of RhoA activity ameliorates the Cacna1h‐mutant trachea phenotypes. Analysis of human tracheal tissues indicates that a decrease in CACNA1H protein levels is associated with congenital tracheostenosis. These results provide insight into the role for the T‐type calcium channel in cytoskeletal organization and SM formation during tracheal tube formation and suggest novel targets for congenital tracheostenosis intervention.
Support Vector Machine for Prediction of the Electronic Factors of a Schottky Configuration Interlaid with Pure PVC and Doped by Sm2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Azizian‐Kalandaragh Yashar , Barkhordari Ali , Badali Yosef 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis work uses the Support Vector Machine (SVM) to predict the main electronic variables of metal‐semiconductor (MS) and metal‐nanocomposite‐semiconductor (MPS) configurations, i.e., leak current (I0), the height of the potential barrier (ΦB0), ideality coefficient (n), series/shunt resistances (Rs/Rsh), rectification ratio (RR), and surface/interface states density (Nss), along with current conduction/transport mechanisms occurred into them at the reverse/forward biases by analyzing the I–V measurements. The polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and samarium oxide (Sm2O3) nanoparticles are combined to form the two interfacial layers. To analyze the I–V characteristics and train the SVM, the thermionic emission theorem is used. By contrasting the predicted and experimental results, the predictive ability of the SVM approach for predicting the electronic specifications of the fabricated structures and their current conduction/transport processes has been evaluated to investigate the effectiveness of the SVM. There is strong agreement between the experimental data and the SVM predictions of the fundamental electronic characterizations of the MS and MPS structures and the current conduction processes in them at the forward/reverse biases. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the RR value of the MS configuration increases 4 and 53 times if the pure PVC and PVC:Sm2O3 composite interlayers are employed.
A critical review of the factors influencing pre‐harvest sprouting of wheat
Authors: Hull S. I. , Swanepoel P. A. , Botes W. C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPre‐harvest sprouting (PHS) is a global issue affecting a multitude of crops, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The combination of conducive conditions and a lack of genetic seed dormancy results in the sprouting of intact grain at or prior to harvesting. The initiation of germination synthesizes gibberellic acid resulting in the activation of the alpha‐amylase synthesis via a calcium‐dependent signal transduction pathway. Alpha‐amylase synthesized via this pathway degrades the endosperm, decreasing bread‐making quality. A commonly used indicator for bread‐making quality is the Hagberg Falling Number. Environmental, phenotypic, genetic, and management factors influence the susceptibility of wheat to PHS. Rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity are commonly associated with PHS. The combination of these conditions results in the greatest severity of PHS. Morphological features such as awns and epicuticular waxes may increase the quantity of rainfall retained against the grain, increasing the risk of PHS. Similarly, management factors such as fertilization and fungicide application also may increase the risk of PHS occurring. Further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms and impact of management factors on PHS. Additionally, further investigations are needed to explore how environmental and genotypic interactions affect PHS susceptibility.
Potassium supply for improvement of cereals growth under drought: A review
Authors: Damalas Christos A. , Koutroubas Spyridon D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPotassium (K) is an essential macronutrient that determines crop productivity and promotes crop growth under conditions of abiotic stress. In this review paper, peer‐reviewed publications (experimental data) dealing with the role of K administration in the control of cereals growth under drought stress are reviewed and analyzed. Most published research on the impact of K administration on cereals growth under drought focuses primarily on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.), along with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). The beneficial effect of K on cereals growth under drought has been related to maintenance of water balance in the crops, increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes, increased synthesis of osmolytes, contribution to a low sodium (Na)/K ratio, extension of the grain filling period, and increase of the grain growth rate and weight. Moreover, K was suggested as a possible way for enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (e.g., bread wheat and sorghum). Nevertheless, the beneficial effect of foliar applied K in dried soil during grain filling differed among bread wheat cultivars, highlighting that the effect of K supply on grain weight may differ depending on application method, that is, administration through the soil or the foliage. Overall, K supply could be exploited as a tool for increasing cereal tolerance to drought, for example, by considering late administration of K through top dressing applications or foliar sprayings. Yet additional information is needed on the rate and the K form, along with the most suitable growth stage for application. Such information could help agronomists develop strategies for high‐quality cereal production in stressful environments.
Evidence That Long‐Term Treatment Prevents Tissue Oxidative Damage in Patients With Inherited Disorders of the Propionate Pathway
Authors: dos Reis Bianca Gomes , Becker Graziela Schmitt , Marchetti Desiree Padilha , Coelho Daniella de Moura , Sitta Angela , Wajner Moacir , Vargas Carmen Regla 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPropionic and methylmalonic acidemias (PAcidemia and MMAcidemia, respectively) are genetic disorders clinically characterized by metabolic decompensation associated with life‐threatening encephalopathic episodes in the neonatal period. Adequate and rapid therapeutic management is essential for patients' survival and prognosis. In this study, a restricted protein diet associated with L‐carnitine (LC) supplementation was shown to decrease mortality and morbidity in patients affected by these disorders probably by decreasing the accumulation of the major metabolites and therefore their toxicity. Since oxidative stress was proposed as a contributing mechanism of tissue damage in PAcidemia and MMAcidemia and LC has potent antioxidant properties, our objective in this work was to investigate the effects of a long‐term therapy consisting of reduced protein intake associated with LC supplementation on oxidative damage markers in patients affected by these diseases. We measured urinary isoprostanes, di‐tyrosine, and oxidized guanine species, which reflect oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA/RNA, respectively, as well as the concentrations of NO products (nitrate plus nitrite) in patients untreated or submitted to short‐term or a long‐term treatment. Results revealed significant increases of isoprostanes, di‐tyrosine, and oxidized guanine species, as well as a moderate nonsignificant increase of NO levels in the untreated patients, relatively to controls. Furthermore, these altered markers were attenuated after short‐term treatment and normalized after prolonged treatment. In conclusion, data from this work show for the first time that long‐standing treatment of patients with disorders of the propionate pathway can protect against oxidative damage. However, it remains to be elucidated whether oxidative stress identified in this study directly correlates with the clinical conditions of the affected patients.
Quantum Verification for a Class of n$n$‐Qubit Quantum Entangled States
Authors: Ou Yangwei , Tan Xiaoqing , Bao Daipengwei , Xu Qingshan , Li Qin , Fei Shao‐Ming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe quantum verification is to determine whether a quantum device is intentionally deceptive by assessing the proximity between the actual output state and the expected state. As a crucial step toward the advancement of quantum technology, numerous quantum state verification methods have been proposed. However, there remains a scarcity of methods for verifying states with an arbitrary number of qubits. A verification strategy for the entangled states with is proposed. Specifically, an average map is introduced and demonstrated that it simplifies the matrix form of the verification strategy while maintaining the verification efficiency. By optimizing the verification strategies, the strategy with local projective measurements is obtained.
How games can support misinformation education: A sociocultural perspective
Authors: Wedlake Stacey , Coward Chris , Lee Jin Ha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study uses a sociocultural perspective, which views literacy as embedded in people's daily practices and shaped by social contexts, to explore how a misinformation escape room can support learning about misinformation. While the sociocultural perspective has a rich theoretical foundation, it has rarely been used to examine, much less evaluate, information and media literacy interventions. In this paper, we posit that the topic of misinformation makes a strong case for using the sociocultural model and explore a misinformation escape room through this lens. We present findings of a nationwide study of an online misinformation escape room with post‐game debrief discussion conducted at 10 public libraries that hosted 53 game sessions involving 211 players. The mixed methods study finds the game and accompanying debrief supported players in reflecting upon social media platform infrastructures, the psychological and emotional dimensions of misinformation, and how their personal behaviors intersect with online misinformation. We discuss how the sociocultural perspective can enrich our understanding of the role played by certain attributes of the game—narrative, debrief, and collaboration—thereby providing insights for the design of media and information literacy interventions.
Regulation and signaling of the LIM domain kinases
Authors: Casanova‐Sepúlveda Gabriela , Boggon Titus J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe LIM domain kinases (LIMKs) are important actin cytoskeleton regulators. These proteins, LIMK1 and LIMK2, are nodes downstream of Rho GTPases and are the key enzymes that phosphorylate cofilin/actin depolymerization factors to regulate filament severing. They therefore perform an essential role in cascades that control actin depolymerization. Signaling of the LIMKs is carefully regulated by numerous inter‐ and intra‐molecular mechanisms. In this review, we discuss recent findings that improve the understanding of LIM domain kinase regulation mechanisms. We also provide an up‐to‐date review of the role of the LIM domain kinases, their architectural features, how activity is impacted by other proteins, and the implications of these findings for human health and disease.
The Optimal First‐Line Therapy for Extensive‐Stage Small‐Cell Lung Cancer Based on Liver Metastasis Status: A Network Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Ling , Yu Jing , Tian Yuan , Zhang Jie‐Hui , Sun Li , Huang Le‐Tian , Ma Jie‐Tao , Han Cheng‐Bo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeTo compare the efficacy of first‐line regimens based on programmed cell death (or ligand) [PD‐(L)1] blockade in extensive‐stage small‐cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) patients with or without liver metastases (LM), and to identify optimal treatment strategies.MethodsNetwork meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing chemo‐immunotherapy (CIT) and chemotherapy (CT) in ES‐SCLC patients stratified by LM. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were evaluated using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsSeven RCTs involving 3658 ES‐SCLC patients (1243 with LM, 2415 without LM) were analyzed. For patients with LM, the combination therapies of anti‐PD‐1 + CT (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.54%–0.82%; p < 0.001) and anti‐PD‐L1 + CT + anti‐angiogenesis (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71%–0.99%; p = 0.042) demonstrated superior efficacy in prolonging OS compared to CT alone. The anti‐PD‐1 + CT regimen had the highest cumulative probability of 91.6% for extending OS in patients with LM. For patients without LM, all CIT regimens resulted in improved OS compared to CT alone, with the regimen of anti‐angiogenesis + anti‐PD‐L1 + CT ranking first and having the highest cumulative probability of 95.5% for prolonging OS.ConclusionsCIT is effective for ES‐SCLC patients regardless of LM status. For patients with LM, PD‐1 blockade combined with CT is the best option. For patients without LM, the most beneficial regimen is the combination of anti‐angiogenesis, PD‐L1 blockade, and CT.
Redox−Acid/Base Phase Diagrams as an Entry to Computational Redox Chemistry
Authors: Becker Patrick M. , Heinze Katja , Sarkar Biprajit , Kästner Johannes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rapid depletion of fossil fuels and the change from conventional energy supply to so‐called sustainable and renewable energy sources have led to a renaissance of electrochemical, photochemical, and photoelectrochemical methods for chemical synthesis. While drastic experimental improvements have been realized in recent years, systematic computational studies of these types of reactions are, however, rather limited caused by a lack of suitable representations. Herein we present a generalized method to investigate and analyze a chemical system with respect to its redox‐ and acid/base‐properties based on Gibbs free‐energy differences. We represent the results in a clear manner by means of redox−acid/base phase diagrams. Motivated by computational needs, the presented method is a direct link between experimentally measurable values and Gibbs free‐energy profiles, connecting experiment and simulation. Thus, it serves as an entry to systematic computational studies of reactions, which involve a combination of electron transfers and acid/base‐chemical reaction steps, because it enables the representation of both thermodynamic and kinetic properties. The presented method is applied to four exemplary systems: Phenol, dicobaltocenium amine as a proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactant, and two porphyrin NiII catalysts for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Influence of Linker Group on Bipolar Redox‐Active Molecule Performance in Non‐Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Macchi Samantha , Staiger Chad L. , Cordova Jesse , Poirier Cassandria , Anderson Travis M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRedox flow batteries (RFBs) are an attractive choice for stationary energy storage of renewables such as solar and wind. Non‐aqueous redox flow batteries (NARFBs) have garnered broad interest due to their high voltage operation compared to their aqueous counterparts. Further, the utilization of bipolar redox‐active molecules (BRMs) is a practical way to alleviate crossover faced by asymmetric RFBs. In this work, ferrocene (Fc) and phthalimide (PI) are covalently linked with various tethering groups which vary in structure and length. The compiled results suggest that the length and steric shielding ability of the linker group can greatly influence the stability and overall performance of Fc‐n‐PI BRM‐based NARFBs. Primary sources of capacity loss are found to be BRM degradation for straight chain spacers <6 carbons and membrane (Nafion) fouling. Fc‐hexyl‐PI provided the most stable battery cycling and coulombic efficiencies of >98 % over 100 cycles (~13 days). NARFB using Fc‐hexyl‐PI as an active material exhibited high working voltage (1.93 V) and maximum capacity (1.28 Ah L−1). Additionally, this work highlights rational strategies to improve cycling stability and optimize NARFB performance.