bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity modulates corticospinal excitability of the lower limb in young and old adults
Authors: Hassanlouei Hamidollah , Sundberg Christopher W. , Smith Ashleigh E. , Kuplic Andrew , Hunter Sandra K. 
Published: May 2017

Aging is associated with reduced neuromuscular function, which may be due in part to altered corticospinal excitability. Regular physical activity (PA) may ameliorate these age-related declines, but the influence of PA on corticospinal excitability is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age, sex, and PA on corticospinal excitability by comparing the stimulus-response curves of motor evoked potentials (MEP) in 28 young (22.4 ± 2.2 yr; 14 women and 14 men) and 50 old adults (70.2 ± 6.1 yr; 22 women and 28 men) who varied in activity levels. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to elicit MEPs in the active vastus lateralis muscle (10% maximal voluntary contraction) with 5% increments in stimulator intensity until the maximum MEP amplitude. Stimulus-response curves of MEP amplitudes were fit with a four-parameter sigmoidal curve and the maximal slope calculated (slopemax). Habitual PA was assessed with tri-axial accelerometry and participants categorized into either those meeting the recommended PA guidelines for optimal health benefits (>10,000 steps/day, high-PA; n = 21) or those not meeting the guidelines (<10,000 steps/day, low-PA; n = 41). The MEP amplitudes and slopemax were greater in the low-PA compared with the high-PA group ( P < 0.05). Neither age nor sex influenced the stimulus-response curve parameters ( P > 0.05), suggesting that habitual PA influenced the excitability of the corticospinal tract projecting to the lower limb similarly in both young and old adults. These findings provide evidence that achieving the recommended PA guidelines for optimal health may mediate its effects on the nervous system by decreasing corticospinal excitability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to determine whether achieving the recommended 10,000 steps/day for optimal health influenced the excitability of the corticospinal tract projecting to the knee extensor muscles. Irrespective of age and sex, individuals who achieved >10,000 steps/day had lower corticospinal excitability than those who performed <10,000 steps/day, possibly representing greater control of inhibitory and excitatory networks. Physical activity involving >10,000 steps/day may mediate its effects on the nervous system by decreasing corticospinal excitability.
Evidence of adaptations of locomotor neural drive in response to enhanced intermuscular connectivity between the triceps surae muscles of the rat
Authors: Bernabei Michel , van Dieën Jaap H. , Maas Huub 
Published: May 2017

The aims of this study were to investigate changes 1) in the coordination of activation of the triceps surae muscle group, and 2) in muscle belly length of soleus (SO) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) during locomotion (trotting) in response to increased stiffness of intermuscular connective tissues in the rat. We measured muscle activation and muscle belly lengths, as well as hindlimb kinematics, before and after an artificial enhancement of the connectivity between SO and LG muscles obtained by implanting a tissue-integrating surgical mesh at the muscles’ interface. We found that SO muscle activation decreased to 62%, while activation of LG and medial gastrocnemius muscles increased to 134 and 125%, respectively, compared with the levels measured preintervention. Although secondary additional or amplified activation bursts were observed with enhanced connectivity, the primary pattern of activation over the stride and the burst duration were not affected by the intervention. Similar muscle length changes after manipulation were observed, suggesting that length feedback from spindle receptors within SO and LG was not affected by the connectivity enhancement. We conclude that peripheral mechanical constraints given by morphological (re)organization of connective tissues linking synergists are taken into account by the central nervous system. The observed shift in activity toward the gastrocnemius muscles after the intervention suggests that these larger muscles are preferentially recruited when the soleus has a similar mechanical disadvantage in that it produces an unwanted flexion moment around the knee.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Connective tissue linkages between muscle-tendon units may act as an additional mechanical constraint on the musculoskeletal system, thereby reducing the spectrum of solutions for performing a motor task. We found that intermuscular coordination changes following intermuscular connectivity enhancement. Besides showing that the extent of such connectivity is taken into account by the central nervous system, our results suggest that recruitment of triceps surae muscles is governed by the moments produced at the ankle-knee joints.
Dual Inhibition of EZH2 and EZH1 Sensitizes PRC2-Dependent Tumors to Proteasome Inhibition
Authors: Rizq Ola , Mimura Naoya , Oshima Motohiko , Saraya Atsunori , Koide Shuhei , Kato Yuko , Aoyama Kazumasa , Nakajima-Takagi Yaeko , Wang Changshan , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Ma Anqi , Jin Jian , Iseki Tohru , Nakaseko Chiaki , Iwama Atsushi 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Purpose: EZH2 and EZH1, the catalytic components of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), trigger trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me3) to repress the transcription of target genes and are implicated in the pathogenesis of various cancers including multiple myeloma and prostate cancer. Here, we investigated the preclinical effects of UNC1999, a dual inhibitor of EZH2 and EZH1, in combination with proteasome inhibitors on multiple myeloma and prostate cancer.
Experimental Design: In vitro and in vivo efficacy of UNC1999 and the combination with proteasome inhibitors was evaluated in multiple myeloma cell lines, primary patient cells, and in a xenograft model. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq were performed to uncover the targets of UNC1999 in multiple myeloma. The efficacy of the combination therapy was validated in prostate cancer cell lines.
Results: Proteasome inhibitors repressed EZH2 transcription via abrogation of the RB-E2F pathway, thereby sensitizing EZH2-dependent multiple myeloma cells to EZH1 inhibition by UNC1999. Correspondingly, combination of proteasome inhibitors with UNC1999, but not with an EZH2-specific inhibitor, induced synergistic antimyeloma activity in vitro. Bortezomib combined with UNC1999 remarkably inhibited the growth of myeloma cells in vivo. Comprehensive analyses revealed several direct targets of UNC1999 including the tumor suppressor gene NR4A1. Derepression of NR4A1 by UNC1999 resulted in suppression of MYC, which was enhanced by the combination with bortezomib, suggesting the cooperative blockade of PRC2 function. Notably, this combination also exhibited strong synergy in prostate cancer cells.
Conclusions: Our results identify dual inhibition of EZH2 and EZH1 together with proteasome inhibition as a promising epigenetics-based therapy for PRC2-dependent cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4817–30. ©2017 AACR.
Survey of Education, Engineering, and Information Technology Students Knowledge of Green Computing in Nigerian University
Authors: Shittu Tajudeen Ahmed , Gambari Amosa Isiaka , Thomas Alabi Omotayo 
Published: May 2017

The use of computer system is growing rapidly and there is growing concern on the environmental hazard associated with its use. Thus, the need for every user’s to possess the knowledge of using computer in an environmental friendly manner. This study therefore, investigated the knowledge of green computing possessed by university students in Nigeria. To achieve this, survey method was employed to carry out the study. The study involved students from three schools (Computer Science, Engineering, and Education). Purposive sampling method was used to draw three hundred (300) respondents that volunteer to answer the questionnaire administered for gathering the data of the study. The instrument used was adapted but modify and subjected to pilot testing to ascertain its validity and internal consistency. The reliability of the instrument showed a .75 Cronbach alpha level. The first research question was answer with descriptive statistic (perecentage). T-test and ANOVA was used to answer question two and three. The findings showed that the students do not possess adequate knowledge on conscious use of computing system. Also, the study showed that there is no significant difference in the green computing knowledge possesses among male and female as well as among student from the three schools. Based on these findings, the study suggested among other an aggressive campaign on green computing among university communities.
Model Development Study of Historical Object for Non-Education Program History
Authors: Gunawan Rudy 
Published: May 2017

Study of historical objects in the beginning is one of the subjects in the study program of the Faculty of History Teaching and Education University of Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka Jakarta. But then became subjects featured because every student can immediately know the attractions and historical objects that have just exist in books or on the internet. The experience gained by the students not only knowledge but more important is the emergence of a sense of love and pride for the historical objects visited and implications for the love of the homeland Indonesia. Besides visiting historical object, also conducted comparative studies with historical education courses that are in the city to share experiences and exchange ideas on the development of education courses in Indonesian history. Therefore, the study of the historical objects need to be developed not only involves students of history education but also students from other courses, so as to form the character of patriotism in all students.
Deaf Students Higher Education System Using E-Learning
Authors: Vinoth N. , Nirmala K. 
Published: May 2017

E-learning includes computer and electronically supported learning and teaching methods. E-learning used in Web-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual based learning and digital technology. It is a computer and network-enabled transfer of knowledge. it is the combination of learning and knowledge management. It is also a useful tool that has contributed in facilitating education for deaf people. Deaf people are able to get benefit from this technology by increasing their knowledge and improving their skills. They can utilize the mobility feature to learn anywhere and at any time. E- Learn is an important one in higher education. Most of the students easily learn and develop skill and knowledge in e-learning method. Now a day’s e-learning tools are mostly used in learning method. In this paper we study about how deaf students used e-learning system in higher education institutions in and around Chennai.
Lifestyle and Risk of Screening‐Detected Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Men
Authors: Stackelberg Otto , Wolk Alicja , Eliasson Ken , Hellberg Anders , Bersztel Adam , Larsson Susanna C. , Orsini Nicola , Wanhainen Anders , Björck Martin 
Published: May 2017

Background

Modifiable lifestyle‐related factors associated with risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (
AAA
) are rarely investigated with a prospective design. We aimed to study possible associations among such factors and comorbidities with mean abdominal aortic diameter (
AAD
) and with risk of
AAA
among men screened for the disease.

Methods and Results

Self‐reported lifestyle‐related exposures were assessed at baseline (January 1, 1998) among 14 249 men from the population‐based Cohort of Swedish Men, screened for
AAA
between 65 and 75 years of age (mean 13 years after baseline). Multivariable prediction of mean
AAD
was estimated with linear regression, and hazard ratios (
HRs
) of
AAA
(
AAD
≥30 mm) with Cox proportional hazard regression. The
AAA
prevalence was 1.2% (n=168). Smoking, body mass index, and cardiovascular disease were associated with a larger mean
AAD
, whereas consumption of alcohol and diabetes mellitus were associated with a smaller mean
AAD
. The
HR
of
AAA
was increased among participants who were current smokers with ≥25 pack‐years smoked compared with never smokers (
HR
15.59, 95%
CI
8.96–27.15), those with a body mass index ≥25 versus <25 (
HR
1.89, 95%
CI
, 1.22–2.93), and those with cardiovascular disease (
HR
1.77, 95%
CI
, 1.13–2.77), and hypercholesterolemia (
HR
1.59, 95%
CI
1.08–2.34). Walking or bicycling for >40 minutes/day (versus almost never) was associated with lower
AAA
hazard (
HR
0.59, 95%
CI
0.36–0.97) compared with almost never walking or bicycling.

Conclusions

This prospective study confirms that modifiable lifestyle‐related factors are associated with
AAD
and with
AAA
disease.
Patients With Heart Failure Readmitted to the Original Hospital Have Better Outcomes Than Those Readmitted Elsewhere
Authors: McAlister Finlay A. , Youngson Erik , Kaul Padma 
Published: May 2017

Background
Up to one fifth of readmissions after a heart failure hospitalization occur at a different hospital. This negatively impacts information continuity, but whether site of readmission impacts subsequent outcomes is unclear.

Methods and Results

Retrospective cohort study of all patients discharged with a primary diagnosis of heart failure in Canada between April 2004 and December 2013. We compared patients readmitted within 30 days to the original hospital versus a different hospital. Of the 217 039 heart failure patients (mean age, 76.8 years, 50.1% male), 39 368 (18.1%) were readmitted within 30 days—32 771 (83.2%) to the original hospital and 6597 (16.8%) to a different hospital (increasing over time from 15.6% in 2004 to 18.5% by 2013;
P
for trend=0.001). Patients readmitted to different hospitals were younger and were more likely to be male, have a rural residence, a more‐recent discharge year, an index hospitalization at a teaching hospital, and to be brought in by ambulance at the time of the readmission. Readmissions to the original hospital were substantially shorter (mean, 10.4 days [95%
CI
, 10.3–10.6] versus 11.6 days [95%
CI
, 11.3–12.0]; adjusted means, 11.0 versus 12.0;
P
<0.0001) and had lower mortality (14.4% versus 15.0%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.89; 95%
CI
, 0.82–0.96) than readmissions to different hospitals.

Conclusions
Readmissions to a different hospital are becoming more frequent over time and are associated with longer stays and higher mortality rates than readmissions to the original hospital. Our findings provide further evidence that care fragmentation may be deleterious for patients with heart failure.
An Anglo-Norman Reader
Authors: Bliss Jane 
Published: May 2017

This book is an anthology with a difference. It presents a distinctive variety of Anglo-Norman works, beginning in the twelfth century and ending in the nineteenth, covering a broad range of genres and writers, introduced in a lively and thought-provoking way. Facing-page translations, into accessible and engaging modern English, are provided throughout, bringing these texts to life for a contemporary audience.
The collection offers a selection of fascinating passages, and whole texts, many of which are not anthologised or translated anywhere else. It explores little-known byways of Arthurian legend and stories of real-life crime and punishment; women’s voices tell history, write letters, berate pagans; advice is offered on how to win friends and influence people, how to cure people’s ailments and how to keep clear of the law; and stories from the Bible are retold with commentary, together with guidance on prayer and confession.
Each text is introduced and elucidated with notes and full references, and the material is divided into three main sections based on Dean’s Catalogue: Story (a variety of narrative forms), Miscellany (including letters, law and medicine, and other non-fiction), and Religious (saints' lives, sermons, Bible commentary, and prayers). Passages in one genre have been chosen so as to reflect themes or stories that appear in another, so that the book can be enjoyed as a collection or used as a resource to dip into for selected texts.
This anthology is essential reading for students and scholars of Anglo-Norman and medieval literature and culture. Wide-ranging and fully referenced, it can be used as a springboard for further study or relished in its own right by readers interested to discover Anglo-Norman literature that was written to amuse, instruct, entertain, or admonish medieval audiences.
Warming Water in Arctic Terrestrial Rivers under Climate Change
Authors: Park Hotaek , Yoshikawa Yasuhiro , Yang Daqing , Oshima Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Recent years have seen an obvious warming trend in the Arctic. Streamflow and water temperature Tw are important parameters representing the changes of Arctic rivers under climate change. However, few quantitative assessments of changes in river Tw have been conducted at the pan-Arctic scale. To carry out such an assessment, this study used a modeling framework combining a land process model [the coupled hydrological and biogeochemical model (CHANGE)] with models of river discharge Q, ice cover, and Tw dynamics. The Tw model was improved by incorporating heat exchange at the air–water interface and heat advection from upstream through the channel network. The model was applied to pan-Arctic terrestrial rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean over the period 1979–2013 and quantitatively assessed trends of Tw at regional and pan-Arctic scales. The simulated Tw values were consistent with observations at the mouths of major pan-Arctic rivers. The model simulations indicated a warming trend of Tw by 0.16°C decade−1 at the outlets of the pan-Arctic rivers, including widespread spatial warming consistent with increased air temperature Ta. The strong impact of Ta on Tw was verified by model sensitivity analysis based on various scenarios involving changes in the Ta and Q forcings. Finally, this study demonstrated the warming of Tw in Arctic rivers induced by Ta warming, suggesting the potential for warming Tw of Arctic rivers under future climate change scenarios.
An Optimization Strategy for Identifying Parameter Sensitivity in Atmospheric and Oceanic Models
Authors: Wang Qiang , Tang Youmin , Dijkstra Henk A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new optimization strategy is proposed to identify the sensitivities of simulations of atmospheric and oceanic models to uncertain parameters. The strategy is based on a nonlinear optimization method that is able to estimate the maximum values of specific parameter sensitivity measures; meanwhile, it takes into account interactions among uncertain parameters. It is tested using the Lorenz’63 model and an intermediate complexity 2.5-layer shallow-water model of the North Pacific Ocean. For the Lorenz’63 model, it is shown that the parameter sensitivities of the model results depend on the initial conditions. For the 2.5-layer shallow-water model used to simulate the Kuroshio large meander (KLM) south of Japan, the optimization strategy reveals that the prediction of the KLM path is insensitive to the uncertainties in the bottom friction coefficient, the interfacial friction coefficient, and the lateral friction coefficient. Rather, the KLM prediction is relatively sensitive to the uncertainties of the reduced gravity representing ocean stratification and the wind stress coefficient.
Development of indication criteria for preoperative examination in lung cancer
Authors: Nakao Masayuki , Matsuura Yosuke , Uehara Hirofumi , Mun Mingyon , Nakagawa Ken , Nishio Makoto , Ishikawa Yuichi , Okumura Sakae 
Published: May 2017

Background Systemic examination for distant metastases is generally recommended for all lung cancer patients. However, this approach rarely detects distant metastases in typically resectable cT1-2N0 non-small-cell lung cancer. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with distant metastases and develop indication criteria for preoperative systemic examination in patients with cT1-2N0 non-small-cell lung cancer, with a particular focus on computed tomography imaging of primary lesions. Methods We retrospectively reviewed non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated at our institute between 2005 and 2013. Data were extracted and compared between two groups: patients diagnosed as cT1-2N0M0 who underwent complete resection (M0 group, n = 1530) and those diagnosed as cT1-2N0M1b who received systemic chemotherapy (M1 group, n = 26). Results The median age at diagnosis was significantly lower in the M1 group ( p = 0.015). Although carcinoembryonic antigen levels were significantly higher in the M1 group ( p < 0.001), 42% had normal levels. Tumor diameters in lung and mediastinal windows on chest computed tomography were significantly larger, and the proportion (mediastinal/lung window tumor diameter ratio) was higher in the M1 group ( p < 0.001). All 26 patients in the M1 group had a tumor diameter >15 mm and mediastinal/lung window ratio >0.75. Conclusions Preoperative systemic examination is not necessary in cT1-2N0 non-small-cell lung cancer patients when tumor diameters are ≤15 mm and mediastinal/lung window ratios are ≤0.75. According to these criteria, systemic examinations would have been reduced by 40% in our cohort.
“Category 4A” microcalcifications: how should this subcategory be applied to microcalcifications seen on mammography?
Authors: Kim Jihee , Kim Eun-Kyung , Kim Min Jung , Moon Hee Jung , Yoon Jung Hyun 
Published: May 2017

Background The BI-RADS provides descriptors for microcalcifications based on morphology and distribution. However, the descriptor for category 4A microcalcifications is not specified in the 5th BI-RADS nor in the prior editions. Purpose To investigate how the category 4A assessment is applied to suspicious microcalcifications, and the appropriate descriptors for category 4A assessment for microcalcifications seen on mammography. Material and Methods From June 2008 to November 2011, 296 women with 305 suspicious microcalcifications that were assessed as BI-RADS category 4A, who underwent imaging-guided biopsy or surgery, were included. Mammograms were reviewed and imaging features were analyzed according to the morphology and distribution descriptors of the 5th edition of BI-RADS. Pathological results were considered as the reference standard. Positive predictive values were calculated and compared between morphology and distribution descriptors. Results The overall positive predictive value (PPV) of category 4A microcalcifications was 17.7% (54/305). Most common descriptors for category 4A microcalcifications were amorphous morphology (73.1%) and grouped distribution (71.1%). PPVs of individual morphology descriptors were as follows: amorphous = 7.2%; coarse heterogeneous = 12.8%; fine pleomorphic or fine linear/fine linear branching = 91.4% ( P < 0.001). PPVs of distribution descriptors were as follows: regional = 13.2%; grouped = 16.1%; linear/segmental = 54.5% ( P < 0.001). For morphology and distribution descriptors combinations, PPVs for amorphous/regional and amorphous/grouped microcalcifications were 6.8% and 6.9%, while PPVs of other combinations were higher than 10%, respectively. Conclusion Common descriptors used in category 4A assessment for microcalcifications are amorphous morphology and grouped distribution. PPV of amorphous/regional and amorphous/grouped microcalcifications were suitable for category 4A assessment.
A Theory for Corporate Innovation and Renewal
Authors: Lessem Ronnie 
Published: May 2017

‘ “nobody is going to be able to survive in the future on ‘me too’ products”.’ John Harvey Jones, Chairman, ICI. ‘A Japanese MITI report showed recently that of significant discoveries in recent years Japan had only 6%, Germany 14%, the USA 22% and the UK an incredible 55%.’ Francis Kinsman, The New Agenda.