bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of Preoperative Hematocrit and Transfusion with Mortality in Patients Undergoing Elective Non‐cardiac Surgery
Authors: Gabriel Rodney A. , Clark Anthony I. , Nguyen Albert P. , Waterman Ruth S. , Schmidt Ulrich H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatients with anemia frequently undergo surgery, as it is unclear at what threshold clinicians should consider delaying surgery for preoperative anemia optimization. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association of varying degrees of anemia and transfusion with 30‐day mortality.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2011 to 2013. Cohorts were analyzed based on preoperative hematocrit range—patients with: (1) no anemia, (2) hematocrit ≥33% and <36% in females or <39% in males, (3) hematocrit ≥30% and <33%, (4) hematocrit ≥27% and <30%, (5) hematocrit ≥24% and <27%, and (6) hematocrit ≥21% and less than 24%. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association of anemia and transfusion with 30‐day in‐hospital mortality.ResultsThe odds for 30‐day mortality increased incrementally as the hematocrit ranges decreased, in which preoperative hematocrit between 21 and 24% had the highest odds for this outcome (odds ratio [OR] 6.50, p < 0.0001) compared to the reference group (no anemia). The use of transfusion increased the odds of mortality even further (OR 5.57, p < 0.0001). Among patients that received an intra‐/postoperative transfusion, preoperative anemia was not predictive of mortality.ConclusionsHealthcare providers making preoperative clinical decisions for patients undergoing elective surgery should consider the degree of preoperative anemia and likelihood of perioperative transfusion.
Time attitudes predict changes in adolescent self‐efficacy: A 24‐month latent transition mover‐stayer analysis
Authors: Wells Kevin E. , McKay Michael T. , Morgan Grant B. , Worrell Frank C. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTIncreasingly, the study of temporal psychology is moving away from bivariate analyses towards person‐centered analyses, which simultaneously account for scores on past, present and future dimensions. However, longitudinal studies are lacking. This study builds on a developing literature by examining the 24‐month relationship between time attitudes and criterion variables. Four latent profiles called Positive, Ambivalent, Moderately Negative, and Negative, were identified. Results showed that time attitude profiles were generally unstable across the first three years of high school. However, those who stayed in the Positive profile developed higher self‐efficacy in all domains. Transitioning to the Positive profile was associated with positive outcomes, whereas other transitions among profiles were associated with negative outcomes. There were small‐sized, socio‐demographic effects such that living in Northern Ireland (compared to Scotland), being male, and not being entitled to a free school meal, were all related to membership of, or transition to, the Positive profile.
Intracranial artery stenosis: Current status of evaluation and treatment in China
Authors: Cai Bin , Peng Bin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntracranial artery stenosis (ICAS), a common cause of ischemic stroke, is a growing cause of concern in China. Recently, many epidemiological, etiological, pathophysiological, therapy, and diagnostic imaging studies have focused on ICAS, and guidelines and consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of ICAS have been published and updated by domestic experts. Such work is pivotal to our enhanced comprehension, diagnosis, and treatment of ICAS. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in the evaluation and treatment of ICAS in China.
Effect of Passive Limb Activation by Functional Electrical Stimulation on Wheelchair Driving in Patients with Unilateral Spatial Neglect: A Case Study
Authors: Yoshihiro Nao , Ito Emi 
Published: November 2017

Background/Objective Limb activation is one of the behavioural interventions to improve unilateral spatial neglect (USN). However, the effect of passive limb activation on activities of daily living (ADL) is not clear. This study examined the effect of passive limb activation by functional electrical stimulation (FES) on wheelchair driving for patients with USN, and to discuss the possibility of application of this treatment to occupational therapy. Methods A single subject design-baseline-intervention-baseline (ABA), was applied to 2 stroke patients with USN. Phase A' and A consisted of the wheelchair driving task only. Phase B consisted of the wheelchair driving task with FES. Each phase lasted for 2 weeks. The wheelchair driving task was maneuvering on a square passage in the clockwise and counter clockwise conditions for 8 minutes respectively, and four obstacles were set at each side. FES was applied to the affected forearm extensor muscles. Assessor recorded: 1) The distance participants drove wheelchair for 8 minutes, and 2) The number of collisions with obstacles and the wall, for 10 days. Results For one participant, the distance of maneuvering significantly increased in phase B (p < .05.), and USN on the cognitive test in the extrapersonal space indicated a tendency to improve after phase B. Conclusion Passive limb activation by FES improved wheelchair driving and cognitive performance for patients with USN. It can be used with instruction from occupational therapists to enhance the performance on ADL.
Childhood inflammatory markers and intelligence as predictors of subsequent persistent depressive symptoms: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Khandaker G. M. , Stochl J. , Zammit S. , Goodyer I. , Lewis G. , Jones P. B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundTo identify developmental sub-groups of depressive symptoms during the second decade of life, a critical period of brain development, using data from a prospective birth cohort. To test whether childhood intelligence and inflammatory markers are associated with subsequent persistent depressive symptoms.MethodsIQ, a proxy for neurodevelopment, was measured at age 8 years. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein, typical inflammatory markers, were measured at age 9 years. Depressive symptoms were measured six times between 10 and 19 years using the short mood and feelings questionnaire (SMFQ), which were coded as binary variable and then used in latent class analysis to identify developmental sub-groups of depressive symptoms.ResultsLongitudinal SMFQ data from 9156 participants yielded three distinct population sub-groups of depressive symptoms: no symptoms (81.2%); adolescent-onset symptoms (13.2%); persistent symptoms (5.6%). Lower IQ and higher IL-6 levels in childhood were independently associated with subsequent persistent depressive symptoms in a linear, dose–response fashion, but not with adolescent-onset symptoms. Compared with the group with no symptoms the adjusted odds ratio for persistent depressive symptoms pers.d.increase in IQ was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.68–0.95); that for IL-6 was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.03–1.39). Evidence for an association with IL-6 remained after controlling for initial severity of depressive symptoms at 10 years. There was no evidence that IL-6 moderated or mediated the IQ-persistent depressive symptom relationship.ConclusionsThe results indicate potentially important roles for two distinct biological processes, neurodevelopment and inflammation, in the aetiology of persistent depressive symptoms in young people.
International audit of Virtual Environment for Radiotherapy Training usage
Authors: Bridge P. , Giles E. , Williams A. , Boejen A. , Appleyard R. , Kirby M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe Virtual Environment for Radiotherapy Training (VERT) is a high-fidelity simulation hardware and software resource that replicates the expensive and high-pressure clinical environment of a radiotherapy treatment machine. The simulation allows students to gain confidence with clinical techniques in a safe and unpressured academic environment before clinical placement. The aim of this study was to establish the current and future role of VERT and explore the potential for collaborative resource development and research.MethodsAn anonymous online survey was made available to all users of the software internationally (n=52). A mixture of fixed and open response questions gathered usage data and user feedback.ResultsThe study had a 90% response rate (n=47). Most participants (78·5%) used the resource 1 day/week or less; around 8,000 hours worldwide. It was clear that most participants used the simulation resource to help student to either gain understanding of concepts and techniques or to gain practice with techniques and practical skills. There was good support for collaborative resource development, deployment and evaluation to help VERT users to fully exploit its range of pedagogical uses.ConclusionsThis audit demonstrated high levels of engagement and enthusiasm for collaborative resource development and ongoing research among the radiotherapy simulation community. Adoption of an international Academic Community of Practice for collaborative simulation resource deployment and support may be of significant value and is worthy of further discussion and consideration.
Deconvoluting interrelationships between concentrations and chemical shifts in urine provides a powerful analysis tool
Authors: Takis Panteleimon G. , Schäfer Hartmut , Spraul Manfred , Luchinat Claudio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe NMR chemical shifts of a substance in a complex mixture strongly depend on the composition of the mixture itself, as many weak interactions occur that are hardly predictable. Chemical shift variability is the major obstacle to automatically assigning, and subsequently quantitating, metabolite signals in body fluids, particularly urine. Here we demonstrate that the chemical shifts of signals in urine are actually predictable. This is achieved by constructing ca. 4000 artificial mixtures where the concentrations of 52 most abundant urine metabolites—including 11 inorganic ions—are varied, to sparsely but efficiently populate an N-dimensional concentration matrix. A strong relationship is established between the concentration matrix and the chemical shift matrix, so that chemical shifts of > 90 metabolite signals can be accurately predicted in real urine samples. The concentrations of the invisible inorganic ions are also accurately predicted, along with those of albumin and of several other abundant urine components.
Characterizing a thermostable Cas9 for bacterial genome editing and silencing
Authors: Mougiakos Ioannis , Mohanraju Prarthana , Bosma Elleke F. , Vrouwe Valentijn , Finger Bou Max , Naduthodi Mihris I. S. , Gussak Alex , Brinkman Rudolf B. L. , van Kranenburg Richard , van der Oost John 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9-based genome engineering tools have revolutionized fundamental research and biotechnological exploitation of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. However, the mesophilic nature of the established Cas9 systems does not allow for applications that require enhanced stability, including engineering at elevated temperatures. Here we identify and characterize ThermoCas9 from the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus thermodenitrificans T12. We show that in vitro ThermoCas9 is active between 20 and 70 °C, has stringent PAM-preference at lower temperatures, tolerates fewer spacer-protospacer mismatches than SpCas9 and its activity at elevated temperatures depends on the sgRNA-structure. We develop ThermoCas9-based engineering tools for gene deletion and transcriptional silencing at 55 °C in Bacillus smithii and for gene deletion at 37 °C in Pseudomonas putida. Altogether, our findings provide fundamental insights into a thermophilic CRISPR-Cas family member and establish a Cas9-based bacterial genome editing and silencing tool with a broad temperature range.
Determining therapeutic susceptibility in multiple myeloma by single-cell mass accumulation
Authors: Cetin Arif E. , Stevens Mark M. , Calistri Nicholas L. , Fulciniti Mariateresa , Olcum Selim , Kimmerling Robert J. , Munshi Nikhil C. , Manalis Scott R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) has benefited from significant advancements in treatment that have improved outcomes and reduced morbidity. However, the disease remains incurable and is characterized by high rates of drug resistance and relapse. Consequently, methods to select the most efficacious therapy are of great interest. Here we utilize a functional assay to assess the ex vivo drug sensitivity of single multiple myeloma cells based on measuring their mass accumulation rate (MAR). We show that MAR accurately and rapidly defines therapeutic susceptibility across human multiple myeloma cell lines to a gamut of standard-of-care therapies. Finally, we demonstrate that our MAR assay, without the need for extended culture ex vivo, correctly defines the response of nine patients to standard-of-care drugs according to their clinical diagnoses. This data highlights the MAR assay in both research and clinical applications as a promising tool for predicting therapeutic response using clinical samples.
Diverse landscapes beneath Pine Island Glacier influence ice flow
Authors: Bingham Robert G. , Vaughan David G. , King Edward C. , Davies Damon , Cornford Stephen L. , Smith Andrew M. , Arthern Robert J. , Brisbourne Alex M. , De Rydt Jan , Graham Alastair G. C. , Spagnolo Matteo , Marsh Oliver J. , Shean David E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe retreating Pine Island Glacier (PIG), West Antarctica, presently contributes ~5–10% of global sea-level rise. PIG’s retreat rate has increased in recent decades with associated thinning migrating upstream into tributaries feeding the main glacier trunk. To project future change requires modelling that includes robust parameterisation of basal traction, the resistance to ice flow at the bed. However, most ice-sheet models estimate basal traction from satellite-derived surface velocity, without a priori knowledge of the key processes from which it is derived, namely friction at the ice-bed interface and form drag, and the resistance to ice flow that arises as ice deforms to negotiate bed topography. Here, we present high-resolution maps, acquired using ice-penetrating radar, of the bed topography across parts of PIG. Contrary to lower-resolution data currently used for ice-sheet models, these data show a contrasting topography across the ice-bed interface. We show that these diverse subglacial landscapes have an impact on ice flow, and present a challenge for modelling ice-sheet evolution and projecting global sea-level rise from ice-sheet loss.
Full-scale evaluation of methane production under oxic conditions in a mesotrophic lake
Authors: Donis D. , Flury S. , Stöckli A. , Spangenberg J. E. , Vachon D. , McGinnis D. F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOxic lake surface waters are frequently oversaturated with methane (CH4). The contribution to the global CH4 cycle is significant, thus leading to an increasing number of studies and stimulating debates. Here we show, using a mass balance, on a temperate, mesotrophic lake, that ~90% of CH4 emissions to the atmosphere is due to CH4 produced within the oxic surface mixed layer (SML) during the stratified period, while the often observed CH4 maximum at the thermocline represents only a physically driven accumulation. Negligible surface CH4 oxidation suggests that the produced 110 ± 60 nmol CH4 L−1 d−1 efficiently escapes to the atmosphere. Stable carbon isotope ratios indicate that CH4 in the SML is distinct from sedimentary CH4 production, suggesting alternative pathways and precursors. Our approach reveals CH4 production in the epilimnion that is currently overlooked, and that research on possible mechanisms behind the methane paradox should additionally focus on the lake surface layer.
Role of epithelial to mesenchymal transition associated genes in mammary gland regeneration and breast tumorigenesis
Authors: Sikandar Shaheen S. , Kuo Angera H. , Kalisky Tomer , Cai Shang , Zabala Maider , Hsieh Robert W. , Lobo Neethan A. , Scheeren Ferenc A. , Sim Sopheak , Qian Dalong , Dirbas Frederick M. , Somlo George , Quake Stephen R. , Clarke Michael F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have proposed that epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells regulates metastasis, stem cell properties and chemo-resistance; most studies were based on in vitro culture of cell lines and mouse transgenic cancer models. However, the identity and function of cells expressing EMT-associated genes in normal murine mammary gland homeostasis and human breast cancer still remains under debate. Using in vivo lineage tracing and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patient derived xenografts we demonstrate that the repopulating capacity in normal mammary epithelial cells and tumorigenic capacity in TNBC is independent of expression of EMT-associated genes. In breast cancer, while a subset of cells with epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes have stem cell activity, in many cells that have lost epithelial characteristics with increased expression of mesenchymal genes, have decreased tumor-initiating capacity and plasticity. These findings have implications for the development of effective therapeutic agents targeting tumor-initiating cells.
The key role of Au-substrate interactions in catalytic gold subnanoclusters
Authors: Cordón Jesús , Jiménez-Osés Gonzalo , López-de-Luzuriaga José M. , Monge Miguel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe development of gold catalysis has allowed significant levels of activity and complexity in organic synthesis. Recently, the use of very active small gold subnanoclusters (Au
n
, n < 10) has been reported. The stabilization of such nanocatalysts to prevent self-aggregation represents a true challenge that has been partially remediated, for instance, by their immobilization in polymer matrices. Here, we describe the transient stabilization of very small gold subnanoclusters (Au
n
, n < 5) by alkyl chains or aromatic groups appended to the reactive π bond of simple alkynes. The superior performance toward Brønsted acid-free hydration of medium to long aliphatic alkynes (1-hexyne and 1-docecyne) and benzylacetylene with respect to phenylacetylene is demonstrated experimentally and investigated computationally. A cooperative network of dispersive Au···C–H and/or Au···π interactions, supported by quantum mechanical calculations and time-resolved luminescence experiments, is proposed to be at the origin of this stabilization.
Activity-dependent expression of Channelrhodopsin at neuronal synapses
Authors: Gobbo Francesco , Marchetti Laura , Jacob Ajesh , Pinto Bruno , Binini Noemi , Pecoraro Bisogni Federico , Alia Claudia , Luin Stefano , Caleo Matteo , Fellin Tommaso , Cancedda Laura , Cattaneo Antonino 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIncreasing evidence points to the importance of dendritic spines in the formation and allocation of memories, and alterations of spine number and physiology are associated to memory and cognitive disorders. Modifications of the activity of subsets of synapses are believed to be crucial for memory establishment. However, the development of a method to directly test this hypothesis, by selectively controlling the activity of potentiated spines, is currently lagging. Here we introduce a hybrid RNA/protein approach to regulate the expression of a light-sensitive membrane channel at activated synapses, enabling selective tagging of potentiated spines following the encoding of a novel context in the hippocampus. This approach can be used to map potentiated synapses in the brain and will make it possible to re-activate the neuron only at previously activated synapses, extending current neuron-tagging technologies in the investigation of memory processes.
Chemogenomic analysis reveals key role for lysine acetylation in regulating Arc stability
Authors: Lalonde Jasmin , Reis Surya A. , Sivakumaran Sudhir , Holland Carl S. , Wesseling Hendrik , Sauld John F. , Alural Begum , Zhao Wen-Ning , Steen Judith A. , Haggarty Stephen J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe role of Arc in synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation has been investigated for many years with recent evidence that defects in the expression or activity of this immediate-early gene may also contribute to the pathophysiology of brain disorders including schizophrenia and fragile X syndrome. These results bring forward the concept that reversing Arc abnormalities could provide an avenue to improve cognitive or neurological impairments in different disease contexts, but how to achieve this therapeutic objective has remained elusive. Here, we present results from a chemogenomic screen that probed a mechanistically diverse library of small molecules for modulators of BDNF-induced Arc expression in primary cortical neurons. This effort identified compounds with a range of influences on Arc, including promoting its acetylation—a previously uncharacterized post-translational modification of this protein. Together, our data provide insights into the control of Arc that could be targeted to harness neuroplasticity for clinical applications.
Extremely high magnetoresistance and conductivity in the type-II Weyl semimetals WP2 and MoP2
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Sun Yan , Xu Nan , Manna Kaustuv , Yao Mengyu , Süss Vicky , Leermakers Inge , Young Olga , Förster Tobias , Schmidt Marcus , Borrmann Horst , Yan Binghai , Zeitler Uli , Shi Ming , Felser Claudia , Shekhar Chandra 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe peculiar band structure of semimetals exhibiting Dirac and Weyl crossings can lead to spectacular electronic properties such as large mobilities accompanied by extremely high magnetoresistance. In particular, two closely neighboring Weyl points of the same chirality are protected from annihilation by structural distortions or defects, thereby significantly reducing the scattering probability between them. Here we present the electronic properties of the transition metal diphosphides, WP2 and MoP2, which are type-II Weyl semimetals with robust Weyl points by transport, angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first principles calculations. Our single crystals of WP2 display an extremely low residual low-temperature resistivity of 3 nΩ cm accompanied by an enormous and highly anisotropic magnetoresistance above 200 million % at 63 T and 2.5 K. We observe a large suppression of charge carrier backscattering in WP2 from transport measurements. These properties are likely a consequence of the novel Weyl fermions expressed in this compound.