bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Clinical Practice's Report of Testing Initiation, Antibody Clearance, and Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Infants of Chronically HCV-Infected Mothers
Authors: Bal Aswine , Petrova Anna 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background.  Perinatally acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main source of pediatric HCV infection. However, the best time for initiation of screening and follow up of these infants is still unknown. Analysis of the clinical data of infants born to HCV-infected mothers, transmission rates, and pathway of HCV testing could be important for optimization of their management.
Methods.  Children of mothers with chronic HCV infection, who were observed between 1998 and 2013 at the pediatric infectious disease clinic for the first 18 months of their life, were eligible for enrollment. We analyzed the factors influencing initiation of HCV testing in these children and rate of HCV transmission as demonstrated by consecutive HCV antibody and HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) amplification testing.
Results.  One hundred and forty-two mother-infant pairs were enrolled. The majority of mothers were intravenous drug users, had carried to term, and delivered vaginally. A high proportion of infants had at least 1 positive anti-HCV antibody assay without viremia. True HCV infection and intermittent viremia were recorded in 3.5% and 1.4% of infants, respectively. Initiation of HCV testing after 10 months of age was associated with a significant decline in the probability of obtaining a positive HCV antibody of maternal origin.
Conclusions.  The low likelihood for detection and confirmation of true HCV transmission before 10 months of age could challenge the early initiation of HCV screening of infants exposed to maternal HCV infection but may affect the parental need for early monitoring and counseling.
V1006 Cygni: Dwarf nova showing three types of outbursts and simulating some features of the WZ Sge-type behavior
Authors: Kato Taichi , Pavlenko Elena P. , Shchurova Alisa V. , Sosnovskij Aleksei A. , Babina Julia V. , Baklanov Aleksei V. , Shugarov Sergey Yu. , Littlefield Colin , Dubovsky Pavol A. , Kudzej Igor , Pickard Roger D. , Isogai Keisuke , Kimura Mariko , de Miguel Enrique , Tordai Tamás , Chochol Drahomir , Maeda Yutaka , Cook Lewis M. , Miller Ian , Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe observed the 2015 July–August long outburst of V1006 Cyg and established this object to be an SU UMa-type dwarf nova in the period gap. Our observations have confirmed that V1006 Cyg is the second established object showing three types of outbursts (normal, long normal, and superoutbursts) after TU Men. We have succeeded in recording the growing stage of superhumps (stage A superhumps) and obtained a mass ratio of 0.26–0.33, which is close to the stability limit of tidal instability. This identification of stage A superhumps demonstrates that superhumps indeed slowly grow in systems near the stability limit, the idea first introduced by Kato et al. (2014, PASJ, 66, 90). The superoutburst showed a temporary dip followed by a rebrightening. The moment of the dip coincided with the stage transition of superhumps, and we suggest that stage C superhumps are related to the start of the cooling wave in the accretion disk. We interpret that the tidal instability was not strong enough to maintain the disk in the hot state when the cooling wave started. We propose that the properties commonly seen in the extreme ends of mass ratios (WZ Sge-type objects and long-period systems) can be understood as a result of weak tidal effect.
A Suzaku observation of the low-mass X-ray binary GS 1826−238 in the hard state
Authors: Ono Ko , Sakurai Soki , Zhang Zhongli , Nakazawa Kazuhiro , Makishima Kazuo 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The neutron star low-mass X-ray binary GS 1826−238 was observed with Suzaku on 2009 October 21, for a total exposure of 1030 ks. Except for the type I bursts, the source intensity was constant within ∼10%. Combining the Suzaku XIS, HXD-PIN, and HXD-GSO data, burst-removed persistent emission was detected over the 0.8–100 keV range, at an unabsorbed flux of 2.6 × 10−9 erg s−1 cm−2. Although the implied 0.8–100 keV luminosity, 1.5 × 1037 erg s−1 (assuming a distance of 7 kpc), is relatively high, the observed hard spectrum confirms that the source was in the hard state. The spectrum was successfully explained by an emission from a soft standard accretion disk partially Comptonized by a hot electron cloud, and a blackbody emission Comptonized by another hotter electron cloud. These results are compared with those from previous studies, including those on the same source by Thompson et al. (2005, ApJ, 634, 1261) and Cocchi, Farinelli, and Paizis (2011, A&A, 529, A155), as well as that of Aql X-1 in the hard state obtained with Suzaku (Sakurai et al. 2014, PASJ, 66, 10).
Effects of vitamin D supplementation during weight loss on sex hormones in postmenopausal women
Authors: Mason Caitlin , De Dieu Tapsoba Jean , Duggan Catherine , Imayama Ikuyo , Wang Ching-Yun , Korde Larissa A. , Stanczyk Frank , McTiernan Anne 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation versus placebo on serum sex hormones in postmenopausal women completing a 12-month diet + exercise weight loss program.

Methods:
Two hundred eighteen overweight or obese women (50-75 y) with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at least 10 to less than 32 ng/mL (“insufficient”) were randomized to either weight loss + 2,000 IU/day oral vitamin D3, or to weight loss + daily placebo. Serum sex hormone-binding globulin, estrone, total, free, and bioavailable estradiol, and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay before randomization and at 12 months. Mean changes were compared between groups (intent-to-treat) using generalized estimating equations.

Results:
The 12-month changes in sex hormone-binding globulin, estrone, total, free, and bioavailable estradiol, and testosterone did not differ between groups (all P > 0.05). However, a greater increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was associated with a greater increase in sex hormone-binding globulin (P
trend = 0.01), and larger decreases in free and bioavailable estradiol (P
trend = 0.04, P
trend = 0.03, respectively). In post-hoc analyses, we compared women randomized to vitamin D whose serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D remained insufficient (n = 38), to women who became replete (25-hydroxyvitamin D ≥32 ng/mL; n = 53). Replete women showed greater reductions in bioavailable estradiol (−1.8 vs −0.7 pg/mL), free testosterone (−0.8 vs −0.3 pg/mL), and bioavailable testosterone (−1.8 vs −0.6 ng/dL), and a greater increase in sex hormone-binding globulin (10.6 vs 4.7 nmol/L) (all P < 0.05), even after adjusting for differences in total 12-month weight loss.

Conclusions:
Overall, 12-month changes in sex hormone did not differ between groups. However, vitamin D repletion was associated with greater reductions in sex hormones during weight loss, with a possible dose-dependent effect. Future studies should test higher doses and target circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels when measuring such effects.
Protecting
Authors: Furlong Eileen P. 
Published: February 2016

Background:A diagnosis of parental cancer affects all members of the family unit, especially young school-age children. Few studies, however, have explored children’s experiences at the time when their parents are actually receiving treatment. Understanding the children’s experiences will provide additional insight into children’s coping abilities.Objective:The purpose of this study is to develop a grounded theory of children’s day-to-day experiences as they live with their mother who has been recently diagnosed with, and is receiving treatment for, early-stage breast cancer.Methods:Using classic grounded theory methodology, data were collected through 28 interviews with 7- to 11-year-old children whose mothers had been diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer during the previous 4 months.Results:Protecting was the main concern of the children during their mothers’ diagnosis and treatment phase. The children addressed this concern through 3 cyclical and iterative processes of shifting normality, shielding and transitioning.Conclusions:The findings provide a mechanism for understanding how the perceived loss of the “well” mother raised concerns for the children and resulted in adaptations of roles and responsibilities and a period of biographical disruption. This understanding could serve as a catalyst for how we relate with children and engage with parents to enhance children’s coping strategies during a maternal cancer diagnosis.Implications for Practice:New insights provided by this theory can guide clinical practice and generate hypotheses to test interventions to support children and their parents to cope during the time of maternal cancer diagnosis.
High Plasma Concentrations of Zidovudine (AZT) Do Not Parallel Intracellular Concentrations of AZT-Triphosphates in Infants During Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission
Authors: Kinai Ei , Kato Shingo , Hosokawa Shinichi , Sadatsuki Miyuki , Gatanaga Hiroyuki , Kikuchi Yoshimi , Lam Nguyen Van , Ha Do Quan , Kinh Nguyen Van , Liem Nguyen Thanh , Oka Shinichi 
Published: February 2016

Objectives:
Zidovudine (AZT) is mainly used to prevent mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission (PMTCT). Despite serious concerns on AZT-associated toxicity, there is little information on pharmacokinetics of intracellular AZT metabolites in infants.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective study in 31 HIV-uninfected infants who received AZT for PMTCT. Blood samples were obtained from 14 infants on postdelivery days (PDD) 1, 7, 14, and 28 and from 17 infants at 0 and 4 hours after dosing on PDD-1. Plasma AZT concentrations (pAZT) and intracellular concentrations of AZT-monophosphate (icAZT-MP), diphosphate (icAZT-DP), and triphosphate (icAZT-TP) were determined.

Results:
Plasma AZT and icAZT-MP concentrations were 2713 nmol/L and 79 fmol/106 cells in PDD-1, but decreased to 1437 nmol/L and 31 fmol/106 cells by PDD-28 (P = 0.02 and P = 0.07 for all PDDs, respectively), whereas those of icAZT-DP and icAZT-TP remained low throughout the sampling period (P = 0.29 and P = 0.61 for all PDDs, respectively) There were no differences in icAZT-TP between infants of the 2 mg/kg 4 times a day dose and 4 mg/kg twice daily dose (P = 0.25), whereas pAZT and icAZT-MP levels were higher in the latter (P < 0.01 and <0.01, respectively). The pAZT and icAZT-MP significantly increased from 0 to 4 hours after dosing (P < 0.001 and <0.001, respectively), whereas icAZT-DP, icAZT-TP levels were not changed (P = 0.41 and 0.33, respectively).

Conclusions:
The level of icAZT-TP did not change with age, time, or a single dose despite the wide range of pAZT concentration. A safer dosage needs to be determined because high pAZT levels do not parallel those of icAZT-TP.
Defining the anti-Shine-Dalgarno sequence interaction and quantifying its functional role in regulating translation efficiency
Authors: Hockenberry Adam J. , Pah Adam R. , Jewett Michael C. , Amaral Luís A. Nunes 
Published: February 2016

SummaryStudies dating back to the 1970s established that binding between the anti-Shine-Dalgarno (aSD) sequence on prokaryotic ribosomes and mRNA helps to facilitate translation initiation. The location of aSD binding relative to the start codon, the full extents of the aSD sequence, and the functional form of the relationship between aSD binding and translation efficiency are important parameters that remain ill defined in the literature. Here, we leverage genome-wide estimates of translation efficiency to determine these parameters and show that anti-Shine-Dalgarno sequence binding increases the translation of endogenous mRNAs on the order of 50%. Our findings highlight the non-linearity of this relationship, showing that translation efficiency is maximized for sequences with intermediate aSD binding strengths. These mechanistic insights are highly robust; we find nearly identical results in ribosome profiling datasets from 3 highly diverged bacteria, as well as independent genome-scale estimates and controlled experimental data using recombinant GFP expression.
Two Similarity Metrics for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): An Aid to Biomedical Text Mining and Author Name Disambiguation
Authors: Smalheiser Neil R. , Bonifield Gary 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn the present paper, we have created and characterized several similarity metrics for relating any two Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) to each other. The article-based metric measures the tendency of two MeSH terms to appear in the MEDLINE record of the same article. The author-based metric measures the tendency of two MeSH terms to appear in the body of articles written by the same individual (using the 2009 Author-ity author name disambiguation dataset as a gold standard). The two metrics are only modestly correlated with each other (r = 0.50), indicating that they capture different aspects of term usage. The article-based metric provides a measure of semantic relatedness, and MeSH term pairs that co-occur more often than expected by chance may reflect relations between the two terms. In contrast, the author metric is indicative of how individuals practice science, and may have value for author name disambiguation and studies of scientific discovery. We have calculated article metrics for all MeSH terms appearing in at least 25 articles in MEDLINE (as of 2014) and author metrics for MeSH terms published as of 2009. The dataset is freely available for download and can be queried athttp://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/arrowsmith_uic/mesh_pair_metrics.html.
Near, far, and online: small business owners’ advice-seeking from peers
Authors: Kuhn Kristine , Galloway Tera , Collins-Williams Maureen 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine small business owners’ informal advice-seeking from peers, with a focus on the opportunities afforded by the internet for owners to acquire assistance from other owner-managers outside their local community.Design/methodology/approach– Over 600 owner-managers in a rural US state were surveyed about their advice-seeking during the previous year from peers in the same community, from non-local peers they had met in person, and from peers known only online. Mixed effects logistic regression analysis was used to test both main effects of business and owner characteristics on advice-seeking and interactions with type/location of peer advisors.Findings– Most owners had received advice from peers, and one-third had received advice online from a peer whom they had never met in person. Business performance was not associated with overall use of peer advice, but did interact significantly with source; the use of online-only advisors was associated with business growth, suggesting the possible benefit of weak ties. Over two-thirds of respondents reported having used social media and/or online forums to access advice or support from other owners (both those met in person and those not), with women and younger owners more likely to rely on such tools.Originality/value– This study shows that entrepreneurial research needs to consider peer advisors beyond local networks as potential resources for small business owners. While previous research has examined entrepreneurs’ use of social media for marketing, this study shows its utility for accessing advice.
Informing brand messaging strategies via social media analytics
Authors: Coursaris Constantinos K. , van Osch Wietske , Balogh Brigitte A. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to offer a theory-driven, evidence-based approach to developing a brand’s messaging strategies on social media encompassing three messaging dimensions, namely, appeal, content, and richness.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using longitudinal data from three Fortune 200 companies – Delta Airlines, Wal-Mart, and McDonald’s – the authors empirically investigate comprehensive strategic messaging framework. Using ANOVAs and regression analyses, the authors test a set of hypotheses regarding the relations between a brand
'
s purchase involvement, its message appeal, message content, and message richness, and engagement.

Findings
– Findings reveal significant relations between purchase involvement and appeal. Furthermore, the authors find that abstract content categories are best combined with richer media. Finally, both transformation appeal and richer media have a highly significant and positive effect on engagement.

Research limitations/implications
– The authors offer a theoretical ground and empirical validation of both a comprehensive typology of content categories and a holistic strategic messaging framework that can fill a significant void in the social media marketing literature that lacks integrative models for assessing, classifying, analyzing, and in turn, informing future social media marketing strategies.

Practical implications
– The validated framework can help managers better understand the diversity of messaging components as well as offer an analytical tool for assessing the nature of engagement associated with each appeal and category.

Originality/value
– To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper offers the first comprehensive typology of content categories and validates it in the context of a strategic messages framework using real-world data finding strong support for all hypotheses.
Competitive intelligence in social media Twitter: iPhone 6 vs. Galaxy S5
Authors: Kim Yoosin , Dwivedi Rahul , Zhang Jie , Jeong Seung Ryul 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to mine competitive intelligence in social media to find the market insight by comparing consumer opinions and sales performance of a business and one of its competitors by analyzing the public social media data.Design/methodology/approach– An exploratory test using a multiple case study approach was used to compare two competing smartphone manufacturers. Opinion mining and sentiment analysis are conducted first, followed by further validation of results using statistical analysis. A total of 229,948 tweets mentioning the iPhone6 or the GalaxyS5 have been collected for four months following the release of the iPhone6; these have been analyzed using natural language processing, lexicon-based sentiment analysis, and purchase intention classification.Findings– The analysis showed that social media data contain competitive intelligence. The volume of tweets revealed a significant gap between the market leader and one follower; the purchase intention data also reflected this gap, but to a less pronounced extent. In addition, the authors assessed whether social opinion could explain the sales performance gap between the competitors, and found that the social opinion gap was similar to the shipment gap.Research limitations/implications– This study compared the social media opinion and the shipment gap between two rival smart phones. A business can take the consumers’ opinions toward not only its own product but also toward the product of competitors through social media analytics. Furthermore, the business can predict market sales performance and estimate the gap with competing products. As a result, decision makers can adjust the market strategy rapidly and compensate the weakness contrasting with the rivals as well.Originality/value– This paper’s main contribution is to demonstrat the competitive intelligence via the consumer opinion mining of social media data. Researchers, business analysts, and practitioners can adopt this method of social media analysis to achieve their objectives and to implement practical procedures for data collection, spam elimination, machine learning classification, sentiment analysis, feature categorization, and result visualization.
A method of potential customer searching from opinions of network villagers in virtual communities
Authors: Chen Tsung-Yi , Liu Yan-Chen , Chen Yuh-Min 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– Customer acquisition and retention methods are the most critical issues for any enterprise. By identifying potential customers and targeting them through marketing activities, enterprises can minimize marketing costs and maximize transaction probability. However, because market surveys are labor- and time-consuming, and data mining is ineffective for obtaining competitor data, enterprises may be unable to understand real-time changes in market trends and consumer preferences. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– This study developed a mechanism that automatically searches for potential customers in virtual communities. In addition, a common product attribute (CPA) model was developed based on the five dimensions of the theory of consumption values and a questionnaire survey was conducted to verify the corresponding relationships. Subsequently, the authors quantified and applied the relationship between the proposed CPA model and consumption values theory.Findings– During the experiment, functional and social values yielded more accurate predictions. Contrary to our expectations, emotional value yielded an inaccurate prediction of potential customers. The overall precision was 0.74, with a threshold of 0.5.Research limitations/implications– Due to each industry including the distinctive characteristics and attributes regarding its products, the methods and models were only adopted in food industry for testing effectiveness.Practical implications– Considering the food industry as an example, this study adopted the case study method to screen potential customers based on 400 articles from virtual communities, and combined a latent semantic analysis method with a backpropagation neural network to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.Originality/value– By adopting the proposed enterprise-product profile model, enterprises can compile basic information related to their products and industry. The proposed system can be used by enterprises to identify potential customers in areas with potential for market development.
Genetic and environmental factors in vascular dementia: an update of blood brain barrier dysfunction
Authors: Srinivasan Vivek , Braidy Nady , Chan Eunice K. W. , Xu Ying‐Hua , Chan Daniel K. Y. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryVascular dementia (VaD) describes a combination of both cognitive and behavioural manifestations associated with variable brain lesions of vascular origin. While vascular risk factors have been implicated in VaD, the relationship is most evident when the factors are considered together and not individually. This review will examine the significance of the integrity of blood brain barrier (BBB) tight junction (TJ) proteins – occludin and claudins in the pathophysiology of VaD. Specifically, some of the genetic contributors to VaD, namely those responsible for the integrity of the BBB, will be reviewed in detail. Moreover, environmental factors will be considered in conjunction with these genes to examine how the interaction of environmental and genetic factors contributes to one's susceptibility to VaD.