bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological validation of fast macromolecular proton fraction mapping as a quantitative myelin imaging method in the cuprizone demyelination model
Authors: Khodanovich Marina Yu , Sorokina Irina V. , Glazacheva Valentina Yu , Akulov Andrey E. , Nemirovich-Danchenko Nikolay M. , Romashchenko Alexander V. , Tolstikova Tatyana G. , Mustafina Lilia R. , Yarnykh Vasily L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCuprizone-induced demyelination in mice is a frequently used model in preclinical multiple sclerosis research. A recent quantitative clinically-targeted MRI method, fast macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) mapping demonstrated a promise as a myelin biomarker in human and animal studies with a particular advantage of sensitivity to both white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) demyelination. This study aimed to histologically validate the capability of MPF mapping to quantify myelin loss in brain tissues using the cuprizone demyelination model. Whole-brain MPF maps were obtained in vivo on an 11.7T animal MRI scanner from 7 cuprizone-treated and 7 control С57BL/6 mice using the fast single-point synthetic-reference method. Brain sections were histologically stained with Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) for myelin quantification. Significant (p < 0.05) demyelination in cuprizone-treated animals was found according to both LFB staining and MPF in all anatomical structures (corpus callosum, anterior commissure, internal capsule, thalamus, caudoputamen, and cortex). MPF strongly correlated with quantitative histology in all animals (r = 0.95, p < 0.001) as well as in treatment and control groups taken separately (r = 0.96, p = 0.002 and r = 0.93, p = 0.007, respectively). Close agreement between histological myelin staining and MPF suggests that fast MPF mapping enables robust and accurate quantitative assessment of demyelination in both WM and GM.
Extratropical Forcing Triggered the 2015 Madden–Julian Oscillation–El Niño Event
Authors: Hong Chi-Cherng , Hsu Huang-Hsiung , Tseng Wan-Ling , Lee Ming-Ying , Chow Chun-Hoe , Jiang Li-Chiang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we report the triggering effect of extratropical perturbation on the onset of an atypical Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) and onset of the 2015–16 El Niño in March 2015. The MJO exhibited several unique characteristics: the effect of extratropical forcing, atypical genesis location and timing in the equatorial western Pacific, and the extremity of amplitudes in many aspects. The southward-penetrating northerly associated with the extratropical disturbances in the extratropical western North Pacific contributed to triggering the deep convection and westerly wind burst (WWB) and onset of the MJO over the anomalously warm tropical western Pacific in early March. The persisting strong WWB forced downwelling Kelvin wave-like oceanic perturbation that propagated eastward and led to the onset of the 2015–16 El Niño. The proposed novel extratropical forcing mechanism explaining the unique extratropics–MJO–El Niño association, based on both data diagnostics and numerical experiments, warrants further attention for a more detailed understanding of the onset of the MJO and its potential effect on El Niño.
MiR-146b is down-regulated during the chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow derived skeletal stem cells and up-regulated in osteoarthritis
Authors: Budd Emma , de Andrés María C. , Sanchez-Elsner Tilman , Oreffo Richard O. C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractArticular cartilage injury can result in chondrocyte loss and diminishment of specialised extracellular matrix, which can progress to an osteoarthritic (OA) phenotype. Stem cells have emerged as a favourable approach for articular cartilage regeneration. Identification of miRNAs which influence stem cell fate offers new approaches for application of miRNAs to regenerate articular cartilage. Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) isolated from human bone marrow were cultured as high density micromass’ using TGF-β3 to induce chondrogenesis. qPCR and TaqMan qPCR were used to assess chondrogenic gene and miRNA expression. Target prediction algorithms identified potential targets of miR-146b. Transient transfection with miR-146b mimic and western blotting was used to analyse SOX5. Human OA articular chondrocytes were examined for miR-146b expression. Chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow derived SSCs resulted in significant down-regulation of miR-146b. Gain of miR-146b function resulted in down-regulation of SOX5. MiR-146b expression was up-regulated in OA chondrocytes. These findings demonstrate the functional role of miR-146b in the chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow derived SSCs. MiR-146b may play a role in the pathophysiology of OA. Application of miR-146b combined with stem cell therapy could enhance regeneration of cartilaginous tissue and serve as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of OA.
Solitonic Josephson-based meminductive systems
Authors: Guarcello Claudio , Solinas Paolo , Di Ventra Massimiliano , Giazotto Francesco 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMemristors, memcapacitors, and meminductors represent an innovative generation of circuit elements whose properties depend on the state and history of the system. The hysteretic behavior of one of their constituent variables, is their distinctive fingerprint. This feature endows them with the ability to store and process information on the same physical location, a property that is expected to benefit many applications ranging from unconventional computing to adaptive electronics to robotics. Therefore, it is important to find appropriate memory elements that combine a wide range of memory states, long memory retention times, and protection against unavoidable noise. Although several physical systems belong to the general class of memelements, few of them combine these important physical features in a single component. Here, we demonstrate theoretically a superconducting memory based on solitonic long Josephson junctions. Moreover, since solitons are at the core of its operation, this system provides an intrinsic topological protection against external perturbations. We show that the Josephson critical current behaves hysteretically as an external magnetic field is properly swept. Accordingly, long Josephson junctions can be used as multi-state memories, with a controllable number of available states, and in other emerging areas such as memcomputing, i.e., computing directly in/by the memory.
Glucose-dependent regulation of pregnane X receptor is modulated by AMP-activated protein kinase
Authors: Oladimeji Peter O. , Lin Wenwei , Brewer C. Trent , Chen Taosheng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPregnane X receptor (PXR) is a xenobiotic receptor that regulates the detoxification and clearance of drugs and foreign compounds from the liver. There has been mounting evidence of crosstalk between the drug metabolism pathway and the energy metabolism pathway, but little is known about this cross-regulation. To further delineate the energy metabolism and drug metabolism crosstalk in this study, we exposed HepG2 cells to varying glucose concentrations. We observed that PXR activity was induced under high-glucose conditions. This finding is consistent with previous clinical reports of increased drug clearance in patients with untreated diabetes. We demonstrated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) modulates PXR transcriptional activity and that pharmacologically manipulated AMPK activation exhibits an inverse relation to PXR activity. Activation of AMPK was shown to downregulate PXR activity and, consistent with that, potentiate the response of cells to the drug. Taken together, our results delineate a hitherto unreported axis of regulation that involves the energy status of the cell, PXR regulation, and drug sensitivity.
PathoSpotter-K: A computational tool for the automatic identification of glomerular lesions in histological images of kidneys
Authors: Barros George O. , Navarro Brenda , Duarte Angelo , dos-Santos Washington L. C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPathoSpotter is a computational system designed to assist pathologists in teaching about and researching kidney diseases. PathoSpotter-K is the version that was developed to detect nephrological lesions in digital images of kidneys. Here, we present the results obtained using the first version of PathoSpotter-K, which uses classical image processing and pattern recognition methods to detect proliferative glomerular lesions with an accuracy of 88.3 ± 3.6%. Such performance is only achieved by similar systems if they use images of cell in contexts that are much less complex than the glomerular structure. The results indicate that the approach can be applied to the development of systems designed to train pathology students and to assist pathologists in determining large-scale clinicopathological correlations in morphological research.
Spectrally-resolved UV photodesorption of CH4in pure and layered ices
Authors: Dupuy R. , Bertin M. , Féraud G. , Michaut X. , Jeseck P. , Doronin M. , Philippe L. , Romanzin C. , Fillion J.-H. 
Published: April 2017

Context.Methane is among the main components of the ice mantles of interstellar dust grains, where it is at the start of a rich solid-phase chemical network. Quantification of the photon-induced desorption yield of these frozen molecules and understanding of the underlying processes is necessary to accurately model the observations and the chemical evolution of various regions of the interstellar medium.Aims.This study aims at experimentally determining absolute photodesorption yields for the CH4molecule as a function of photon energy. The influence of the ice composition is also investigated. By studying the methane desorption from layered CH4:CO ice, indirect desorption processes triggered by the excitation of the CO molecules are monitored and quantified.Methods.Tunable monochromatic vacuum ultraviolet light (VUV) light from the DESIRS beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron is used in the 7–13.6 eV (177–91 nm) range to irradiate pure CH4or layers of CH4deposited on top of CO ice samples. The release of species in the gas phase is monitored by quadrupole mass spectrometry, and absolute photodesorption yields of intact CH4are deduced.Results.CH4photodesorbs for photon energies higher than ~9.1 eV (~136 nm). The photodesorption spectrum follows the absorption spectrum of CH4, which confirms a desorption mechanism mediated by electronic transitions in the ice. When it is deposited on top of CO, CH4desorbs between 8 and 9 eV with a pattern characteristic of CO absorption, indicating desorption induced by energy transfer from CO molecules.Conclusions.The photodesorption of CH4from pure ice in various interstellar environments is around 2.0 ± 1.0 × 10-3molecules per incident photon. Results on CO-induced indirect desorption of CH4provide useful insights for the generalization of this process to other molecules co-existing with CO in ice mantles.
Infection Rate in 1033 Elective Neurosurgical Procedures at a University Hospital in South China
Authors: Zhu Hongwei , Liu Xiyao , Wang Zhanxiang 
Published: April 2017

Objective Infection following surgery is a serious complication, especially in neurosurgery. The aim of the study is to report the change of incidence rates of infection in patients undergoing elective neurosurgical procedures at a university hospital in South China as well as the risk factors.
Material and Methods The medical records and postoperative courses for patients undergoing 1,033 neurosurgical procedures from 2008 to 2014 were reviewed retrospectively to determine the incidence of neurosurgical infection, the identity of the offending organisms, and the factors associated with infection.
Results A total of 33 patients (40 cases) experienced postoperative infection representing 3.19% of the study population. Twenty cases were incision infections (1.94%), and 20 were cranial/spinal infections (1.94%) including 15 intracranial infections and 5 intraspinal infections. The 2.4-fold greater incidence of postoperative infection in 2008 to 2010 was compared with that in 2011 to 2014 with perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (p <0.01). The neurosurgical procedure associated with the highest rate of infection was cranioplasty (6.85%); the lowest rate of infection was associated with functional neurosurgery (1.08%). The most common offending organism was Staphylococcus aureus (27.5%). Foreign body implantation, operative time > 4 hours, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak (13 infections in 158 patients; p <0.001) were risk factors for infections (p <0.05).
Conclusion The neurosurgical infection rate is usually low with perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis even in developing countries. Less foreign body implantation, shorter operative times, and controlling CSF leak could reduce infection rates.
Tomographical Findings in Adult Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Revision
Authors: Socher Jan , Mello Jonas , Baltha Barbara 
Published: April 2017

Introduction Many patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery still have an uncontrolled clinical disease in the late post-operative period. Up to 11.4% of the patients will require a revision surgery. Findings such as the residual uncinated process and the lateralization of the middle turbinate were considered by some studies as being responsible for failure in the primary surgery.
Objectives To describe the tomographical findings in adult patients undergoing revision endoscopic sinus surgery, the profile of those patients, and verify the mucosal thickening level of the paranasal sinus.
Methods Data were collected from medical records and computed tomography reports of 28 patients undergoing revision sinus surgery on a private service in the city of Blumenau between 2007 and 2014. The score of Lund-Mackay was used to verify the mucosal thickening level.
Results Among the 28 patients, 23 were reoperated once, 3 were reoperated twice, and 2 were reoperated 3 times. The most relevant findings were mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus (89.28%), deviated septum (75%), thickening of the ethmoid (50%) and sphenoidal sinuses (39.28%), and pneumatization of the middle turbinate (39.28%). The average obtained in the Lund-Mackay score was 5.71, with most patients classified in the lower range of punctuation.
Conclusion The analysis of the computed tomography scans showed persistent structures that may be responsible for the failure of the primary surgery. Computed tomography is a useful tool to plan the surgery and quantify the post-operative success.
Diagnostic Validity of Patient-Reported History for Shoulder Pathology
Authors: Somerville Lyndsay , Willits Kevin , Johnson Andrew , Litchfield Robert , LeBel Marie-Eve , Moro Jaydeep , Bryant Dianne 
Published: April 2017

Objective The purpose of this article is to determine whether patient-reported history items are predictive of shoulder pathology and have the potential for use in triaging patients with shoulder pathology to orthopaedic outpatient clinics.
Setting It is set at two tertiary orthopaedic clinics.
Patients All new patients reporting pain and/or disability of the shoulder joint were prospectively recruited. A total of 193 patients were enrolled, 15 of whom withdrew, leaving 178 patients composing the study sample.
Design Patients completed a questionnaire on the history of their pathology, then the surgeon took a thorough history indicating the most likely diagnosis. The clinician then performed appropriate physical examination. Arthroscopy was the reference standard for those undergoing surgery and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with arthrogram for all others. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LRs) of history items alone and in combination. We used the LRs to generate a clinical decision algorithm.
Main Outcome Measures Diagnosis was determined through arthroscopy or MRI arthrogram. Reporting was standardized to ensure review of all structures.
Results The physical examination and history agreed in 75% of cases. Of those that did not agree, the physical examination misdirected the diagnosis in 47% of our cases. In particular, history items were strong predictors of anterior and posterior instability and subscapularis tears and were combined in a tool to be utilized for screening patients.
Conclusion The patient-reported history items were effective for diagnosing shoulder pathology and should be considered for use in a triaging instrument.
Clinical Variability in Familial X-Linked Ohdo Syndrome–Maat-Kievit-Brunner Type with MED12 Mutation
Authors: Somashekar Puneeth , Shukla Anju , Siddaiah Satish , Bhat Venkatraman , Girisha Katta , Rao Pooja , Patil Siddaramappa 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOhdo syndrome–Maat-Kievit-Brunner (OSMKB) type is an X-linked recessive disorder, a subtype of blepharophimosis-intellectual disability syndromes caused by mutations in the mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) gene. Here we report a familial OSMKB type with two affected siblings and mutation in MED12 gene.
Subjektiver Informationsstand und Informationsbedürfnisse von Versicherten mit bewilligtem Rehabilitationsantrag und Rehabilitanden am Ende der Rehabilitation Ergebnisse einer schriftlichen Befragung
Authors: Walther Anna , Schreiber Dora , Falk Johannes , Deck Ruth 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Erfasst wurden der subjektive Informationsstand und die Informationsbedürfnisse von Versicherten mit bewilligtem Rehabilitationsantrag und von Rehabilitanden am Ende der Rehabilitation hinsichtlich Inhalte und Art der Informationsvermittlung.
Methodik Schriftliche Befragung von N=283 Versicherten mit bewilligtem Rehabilitationsantrag und N=388 Rehabilitanden am Ende der Rehabilitation.
Ergebnisse Beide Versichertengruppen berichteten ein hohes Informationsbedürfnis insbesondere zu Behandlungen während der Rehabilitation, zu Nachsorgeangeboten und zu Rehabilitationszielen. Als Art der Informationsvermittlung präferierten beide Gruppen ein Gespräch mit ihrem Arzt, eine Broschüre und eine Website.
Schlussfolgerung Die Berücksichtigung der Aspekte, zu denen sich beide Versichertengruppen Informationen wünschen und der Präferenzen zur Art der Informationsvermittlung können einen wertvollen Beitrag für die Erstellung bedarfsgerechter Informationsmaterialien leisten.
Herausforderungen einer diversitätssensiblen Versorgung in der medizinischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Brzoska P. , Razum O. 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungDiversitätsmerkmale wie Geschlecht, Migrationshintergrund und sozioökonomischer Status gehen in der Gesundheitsversorgung mit unterschiedlichen Bedürfnissen und Erwartungen einher. In der Rehabilitation werden sie nicht genügend und vor allem nicht flächendeckend berücksichtigt. Dies kann sich nachteilig auf Versorgungsergebnisse auswirken. Um die rehabilitative Versorgung zu optimieren, ist es dabei nicht ausreichend, nur einzelne Diversitätsmerkmale wie den Migrationshintergrund aufzugreifen – einerseits, weil Versorgungsnutzerinnen und -nutzer durch eine Vielzahl von Diversitätsmerkmalen charakterisiert sind; andererseits, weil Diversitätsmerkmale miteinander interagieren. Diversity Management ermöglicht es, Rahmenbedingungen in Versorgungseinrichtungen zu schaffen, die es erlauben, der Verschiedenheit aller Versorgungsnutzerinnen und -nutzer Rechnung zu tragen. Hierdurch kann die Versorgung insgesamt nutzerorientierter gestaltet werden.
Tumorassoziierte Fatigue in der onkologischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Kuhnt Susanne , Szalai Carina , Erdmann-Reusch Bianca , Kubel Conrad , Boehncke Anna , Hoffmann Wilfried , Mehnert Anja , Weis Joachim 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird die Prävalenz von Fatigue in der stationären Rehabilitation beschrieben und der Zusammenhang mit der krebsspezifischen Behandlung untersucht.
In einer multizentrischen Studie wurden Patienten mit unterschiedlichen Krebserkrankungen (27% Brustkrebs, 17% Prostatakrebs u. a.) mittels des Multidimensional-Fatigue-Inventory (MFI-20) befragt (N=693).
51% der Patienten erlebten moderate bis schwere Fatigue (n=356). Patienten mit hämato-onkologischen Tumoren, Tumoren der weiblichen Gentalorgane und der Haut gaben die höchsten Belastungen an. Fatigue ist signifikant erhöht gegenüber der Allgemeinbevölkerung (p≤0,001). Einen substantiellen Einfluss auf Fatigue hat die Kombination aus Operation und Bestrahlung (p≤0,05).
Die hohe Prävalenz von Fatigue erfordert es, alle Patienten zu Beginn der Rehabilitation auf Fatigue zu screenen und Fatigue nach differenzialdiagnostischer Abklärung fest in die Behandlungspläne zu integrieren.
Perspektiven einer Teilhabeorientierten Psychotherapie in Anlehnung an Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rehabilitationswissenschaften (DGRW)
Authors: Muschalla Beate , Bengel Jürgen , Morfeld Matthias , Worringen Ulrike 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungPsychische Erkrankungen, wie rezidivierende affektive Störungen, Persönlichkeitsstörungen oder auch psychotische Erkrankungen, gehen für die betroffenen Menschen häufig mit anhaltenden Beeinträchtigungen im alltäglichen Leben einher. Daher spielt bei ihrer psychotherapeutischen Behandlung – unabhängig ob stationär oder ambulant – die Rehabilitations- bzw. Teilhabeorientierung im Sinne des SGB IX eine bedeutsame Rolle. Teilhabeorientierte Behandlung hat zum Ziel, dass ein Patient auch mit einer chronischen Erkrankung in beruflichen und sozialen Lebensbezügen integriert sein soll. Behinderung im Sinne der krankheitsbedingten Beeinträchtigung in bestimmten Lebensbereichen soll überwunden werden. In der alltäglichen Psychotherapiepraxis sind teilhabe- und rehabilitationsorientierte Inhalte bei psychischen Erkrankungen seit jeher von großer Bedeutung. Um in der Psychotherapie das Teilhabemodell nutzbar zu machen, ist eine verfahrensübergreifende Orientierung am biopsychosozialen Krankheitsverständnis sinnvoll, welches der Internationalen Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) zugrunde liegt. Kenntnisse über die Vielfalt medizinischer, beruflicher und sozialer Rehabilitationsmöglichkeiten im deutschen Sozialversicherungssystem sind notwendig, um eine teilhabeorientierte Psychotherapie bei chronisch kranken Patienten durchzuführen zu können.