bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of rifampin, itraconazole and esomeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of alisertib, an investigational aurora a kinase inhibitor in patients with advanced malignancies
Authors: Zhou Xiaofei , Pant Shubham , Nemunaitis John , Craig Lockhart A. , Falchook Gerald , Bauer Todd M. , Patel Manish , Sarantopoulos John , Bargfrede Michael , Muehler Andreas , Rangachari Lakshmi , Zhang Bin , Venkatakrishnan Karthik 
Published: August 2017

SummaryAim Two studies investigated the effect of gastric acid reducing agents and strong inducers/inhibitors of CYP3A4 on the pharmacokinetics of alisertib, an investigational Aurora A kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced malignancies. Methods In Study 1, patients received single doses of alisertib (50 mg) in the presence and absence of either esomeprazole (40 mg once daily [QD]) or rifampin (600 mg QD). In Study 2, patients received single doses of alisertib (30 mg) in the presence and absence of itraconazole (200 mg QD). Blood samples for alisertib and 2 major metabolites were collected up to 72 h (Study 1) and 96 h (Study 2) postdose. Area under the curve from time zero extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-inf) and maximum concentrations (Cmax) were calculated and compared using analysis of variance to estimate least squares (LS) mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The LS mean ratios (90% CIs) for alisertib AUC0-inf and Cmax in the presence compared to the absence of esomeprazole were 1.28 (1.07, 1.53) and 1.14 (0.97, 1.35), respectively. The LS mean ratios (90% CIs) for alisertib AUC0-inf and Cmax in the presence compared to the absence of rifampin were 0.53 (0.41, 0.70) and 1.03 (0.84, 1.26), respectively. The LS mean ratios (90% CIs) for alisertib AUC0-inf and Cmax in the presence compared to the absence of itraconazole were 1.39 (0.99, 1.95) and 0.98 (0.82, 1.19), respectively. Conclusions The use of gastric acid reducing agents, strong CYP3A inhibitors or strong metabolic enzyme inducers should be avoided in patients receiving alisertib.
An equatorward force acting on large floating ice masses: Polfluchtkraft
Authors: Engelhardt Hermann , Engelhardt Michael 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
This study reviews the effects of a force acting upon ice shelves and icebergs arising from the oblateness of the Earth's geoid and the displacement between the center of mass and the center of buoyancy for an object floating on water. The force has been introduced earlier as Polfluchtkraft or ‘pole-fleeing force’ by Alfred Wegener and others in the context of continental drift, but it is here applied to floating ice for the first time. It propels icebergs towards the equator, but also tugs on ice shelves making them more likely to break apart in a warming climate with possible consequences for the entire ice sheet.
Leidenfrost drops cooling surfaces: theory and interferometric measurement
Authors: van Limbeek Michiel A. J. , Klein Schaarsberg Martin H. , Sobac Benjamin , Rednikov Alexey , Sun Chao , Colinet Pierre , Lohse Detlef 
Published: August 2017

When a liquid drop is placed on a highly superheated surface, it can be levitated by its own vapour. This remarkable phenomenon is referred to as the Leidenfrost effect. The thermally insulating vapour film results in a severe reduction of the heat transfer rate compared to experiments at lower surface temperatures, where the drop is in direct contact with the solid surface. A commonly made assumption is that this solid surface is isothermal, which is at least questionable for materials of low thermal conductivity, resulting in an overestimation of the surface temperature and heat transfer for such systems. Here we aim to obtain more quantitative insight into how surface cooling affects the Leidenfrost effect. We develop a technique based on Mach–Zehnder interferometry to investigate the surface cooling of a quartz plate by a Leidenfrost drop. The three-dimensional plate temperature field is reconstructed from interferometric data by an Abel inversion method using a basis function expansion of the underlying temperature field. By this method we are able to quantitatively measure the local cooling inside the plate, which can be as strong as 80 K. We develop a numerical model which shows good agreement with experiments and enables extending the analysis beyond the experimental parameter space. Based on the numerical and experimental results we quantify the effect of surface cooling on the Leidenfrost phenomenon. By focusing on the role of the solid surface we provide new insights into the Leidenfrost effect and demonstrate how to adjust current models to account for non-isothermal solids and use previously obtained isothermal scaling laws for the neck thickness and evaporation rate.
Inertial gravity currents produced by fluid drainage from an edge
Authors: Momen Mostafa , Zheng Zhong , Bou-Zeid Elie , Stone Howard A. 
Published: August 2017

We present theoretical, numerical and experimental studies of the release of a finite volume of fluid instantaneously from an edge of a rectangular domain for high Reynolds number flows. For the cases we considered, the results indicate that approximately half of the initial volume exits during an early adjustment period. Then, the inertial gravity current reaches a self-similar phase during which approximately 40 % of its volume drains and its height decreases as $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}^{-2}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ is a dimensionless time that is derived with the typical gravity wave speed and the horizontal length of the domain. Based on scaling arguments, we reduce the shallow-water partial differential equations into two nonlinear ordinary differential equations (representing the continuity and momentum equations), which are solved analytically by imposing a zero velocity boundary condition at the closed end wall and a critical Froude number condition at the open edge. The solutions are in good agreement with the performed experiments and direct numerical simulations for various geometries, densities and viscosities. This study provides new insights into the dynamical behaviour of a fluid draining from an edge in the inertial regime. The solutions may be useful for environmental, geophysical and engineering applications such as open channel flows, ventilations and dam-break problems.
Mobergellans from the early Cambrian of Greenland and Labrador: new morphological details and implications for the functional morphology of mobergellans
Authors: Skovsted Christian B. , Topper Timothy P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNew morphological features of the mobergellan Discinella micans (Billings, 1871) from the lower Cambrian (Stage 4) of Northeast Greenland and southern Labrador are described. The new features include: (1) the morphology of the larval shell, which is shown to be cap-shaped, subcircular, and with impressions of the internal muscle attachment scars; (2) a range of unusual shell deformations (changes in growth direction resulting in thickened shells, partial detachment of shell laminae and subsequent regrowth, internal projections of shell material increasing the depth of the shell by up to 150%, disturbances and irregular fusion of muscle scars). In addition, we provide new details about the variability in number and shape of the anteriormost internal muscle scars, which often fuse and may vary in number from one to three (resulting in nine to 11 scars in total). Together the new observations provide additional strength for the hypothesis that mobergellan shells represent opercula of an as yet unknown tubular organism.
Nationalism on Their Own Terms: The National Products Movement and the Coca-Cola protest in Shanghai, 1945–1949
Authors: YAO LIANG 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article re-examines the meanings of Chinese nationalism and its relationship to vibrant and recurring National Products movements in modern China through the case of the Shanghai Coca-Cola protest of 1947–1948. In a campaign to revitalize national industry, the Chinese business community of Shanghai targeted Coca-Cola as a foreign luxury, and asked the Nationalist government to prohibit the importation of raw materials for Coca-Cola. However, archival materials show that not only was the Coca-Cola bottler in Shanghai—Watson's Mineral Water Company—a Chinese company but they had made large contributions during previous National Products movements. Using imported raw materials was also a very common practice in the Chinese soft drinks industry in the first half of the twentieth century. By revealing inconsistencies between the Chinese business community's statement of protest and the actual character of Coca-Cola's Shanghai bottler, this article argues that in this case Chinese nationalism became a pretext and tool for business competition. This research suggests that Chinese nationalism as an analytical lens remains complicated and its role and meaning in history must not be over-generalized. Rather than the existence of a unified and singular nationalism, Chinese nationalisms have been socially constructed over time, with multiple faces, interpretations, and functions for different interest groups.
The Vice of Admiration
Authors: van der Rijt Jan-Willem 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMoral exemplars are often held up as objects to be admired. Such admiration is thought beneficial to the admirer, inducing him or her to emulate virtuous conduct, and deemed flattering to the admired. This paper offers a critical examination of admiration from a broadly Kantian perspective, arguing that admiration – even of genuine moral exemplars – violates the duty of self-respect. It also provides an explanation for the fact that moral exemplars themselves typically shun admiration. Lastly, it questions the assumption that admiration leads to emulation on the basis of scientific findings that indicate that admiration induces passivity in the admirer rather than an incentive to self-improvement.
DO STUDY RESULTS TRANSLATE INTO PRACTICE? INTRACRANIAL STENTING IN GERMANY
Authors: Schillinger Gerhard , Hagenmeyer Ernst-Günther , Pritzkau Andreas , Friedrich Jörg 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: Enrolment into the SAMMPRIS trial published in September 2011 had to be stopped due to a 2.5 higher 30-day stroke and death rate in patients with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) compared with the control group with only medical therapy. After these results were published, one would have expected a change toward a clearer definition of indications for intracranial stent implantation in patients with intracranial artery stenosis, using this treatment only in patients suffering from recurrent strokes despite aggressive medical management.Methods: The frequency of intracranial stenting and indication parameters in patients with intracranial artery stenosis were assessed from 2010 to 2013 using claims data for all inpatient episodes from Germany's largest provider of statutory health insurance.Results: The number of intracranial stenting procedures decreased slowly from 580 in 2010 to 375 in 2013. With a rate of 29 percent there was no change between 2010 and 2013 of patients who were admitted to hospital for stent implantation, without documentation of an acute stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Before PTAS, one-third of patients were admitted twice because of a stroke or TIA over a period of 5 years, 17 percent of patients had been prescribed platelet aggregation inhibitors and at least two admissions to hospital were for an ischemic cerebrovascular event before PTAS.Conclusions: Our analysis of German claims data provides little evidence of changed indications for stenting in cases of intracranial atherosclerotic disease which one might expect to be caused by the emergence of high-level evidence.
The Phoenix of Colonial War: Race, the Laws of War, and the ‘Horror on the Rhine’
Authors: GILADI ROTEM 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe article explores the demise of the ‘colonial war’ category through the employment of French colonial troops, under the 1918 armistice, to occupy the German Rhineland.It traces the prevalence of – and the anxieties underpinning –antebellumdoctrine on using ‘Barbarous Forces’ in ‘European’ war. It then records the silence ofpostbellumscholars on the ‘horror on the Rhine’ – orchestrated allegations of rape framed in racialized terms of humanity and the requirements of the law of civilized warfare. Among possible explanations for this silence, the article follows recent literature that considers this scandal as the embodiment of crises in masculinity, white domination, and European civilization.These crises, like the scandal itself, expressedantebellumjurisprudential anxieties about the capacity – and implications – of black soldiers being ‘drilled white’. They also deprivedpostbellumlawyers of the vocabulary necessary to address what they signified: breakdown of the laws of war; evident, self-inflicted European barbarity; and the collapse of international law itself, embodied by the VersaillesDiktattreating Germany – as Smuts warned, ‘as we would not treat akaffirnation’ – as a colonial ‘object’, as Schmitt lamented.Last, the article traces the resurgence of ‘colonial war’. It reveals how, at the moment of collapse, in the very instrument embodying it, the category found a new life. Article 22(5) of the League of Nations Covenant (the Covenant) reasserted control over the colonial object, furnishing international lawyers with a new vocabulary to address the employment of colonial troops – yet, now, as part of the ‘law of peace’. Reclassified, both rule and category re-emerged, were codified, and institutionalized imperial governance.
Sunspot activity and influenza pandemics: a statistical assessment of the purported association
Authors: TOWERS S. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYSince 1978, a series of papers in the literature have claimed to find a significant association between sunspot activity and the timing of influenza pandemics. This paper examines these analyses, and attempts to recreate the three most recent statistical analyses by Ertel (1994), Tappinget al.(2001), and Yeung (2006), which all have purported to find a significant relationship between sunspot numbers and pandemic influenza. As will be discussed, each analysis had errors in the data. In addition, in each analysis arbitrary selections or assumptions were also made, and the authors did not assess the robustness of their analyses to changes in those arbitrary assumptions. Varying the arbitrary assumptions to other, equally valid, assumptions negates the claims of significance. Indeed, an arbitrary selection made in one of the analyses appears to have resulted in almost maximal apparent significance; changing it only slightly yields a null result. This analysis applies statistically rigorous methodology to examine the purported sunspot/pandemic link, using more statistically powerful un-binned analysis methods, rather than relying on arbitrarily binned data. The analyses are repeated using both the Wolf and Group sunspot numbers. In all cases, no statistically significant evidence of any association was found. However, while the focus in this particular analysis was on the purported relationship of influenza pandemics to sunspot activity, the faults found in the past analyses are common pitfalls; inattention to analysis reproducibility and robustness assessment are common problems in the sciences, that are unfortunately not noted often enough in review.
Consequences of organ choice in describing bacterial pathogen assemblages in a rodent population
Authors: VILLETTE P. , AFONSO E. , COUVAL G. , LEVRET A. , GALAN M. , TATARD C. , COSSON J.F. , GIRAUDOUX P. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYHigh-throughput sequencing technologies now allow for rapid cost-effective surveys of multiple pathogens in many host species including rodents, but it is currently unclear if the organ chosen for screening influences the number and identity of bacteria detected. We used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to identify bacterial pathogens in the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys and spleen of 13 water voles (Arvicola terrestris) collected in Franche-Comté, France. We asked if bacterial pathogen assemblages within organs are similar and if all five organs are necessary to detect all of the bacteria present in an individual animal. We identified 24 bacteria representing 17 genera; average bacterial richness for each organ ranged from 1·5 ± 0·4 (mean ± standard error) to 2·5 ± 0·4 bacteria/organ and did not differ significantly between organs. The average bacterial richness when organ assemblages were pooled within animals was 4·7 ± 0·6 bacteria/animal; Operational Taxonomic Unit accumulation analysis indicates that all five organs are required to obtain this. Organ type influences bacterial assemblage composition in a systematic way (PERMANOVA, 999 permutations, pseudo-F4,51 = 1·37, P = 0·001). Our results demonstrate that the number of organs sampled influences the ability to detect bacterial pathogens, which can inform sampling decisions in public health and wildlife ecology.
Punch-out lesion following regression of a large left ventricular outflow rhabdomyoma
Authors: Abu Zahira Ibrahim A. , Nir Amiram 
Published: August 2017

AbstractsWe report the case of a patient with rhabdomyoma of the left ventricular outflow tract, causing severe obstruction at birth. The tumour regressed completely by 6 years of age, leaving a punch-out lesion. The potential for spontaneous regression of these tumours and the formation of a myocardial lesion following rhabdomyoma regression are discussed.
Characterisation of three-dimensional mapping in Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome with septal aneurysmal dyskinesis
Authors: Okada Seigo , Muneuchi Jun , Origuchi Hideki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA 21-year-old man with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome and aneurysmal septal dyskinesis underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation of the accessory pathways. Before radiofrequency catheter ablation, the activation wavefront arose from the aneurysmal septum, whereas the propagation of the left ventricle was normalised after radiofrequency catheter ablation. These findings demonstrate the importance of the electro-mechanical interaction in patients with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome and ventricular dysfunction.
Feasibility of a healthcare system-based tetralogy of Fallot patient registry
Authors: Khoury Audrey L. , Jernigan Eric G. , Chowdhury Muntasir H. , Loehr Laura R. , Nelson Jennifer S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatient-reported outcomes and epidemiological studies in adults with tetralogy of Fallot are lacking. Recruitment and longitudinal follow-up investigation across institutions is particularly challenging. Objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility of recruiting adult patients with tetralogy of Fallot for a patient-reported outcomes study, describe challenges for recruitment, and create an interactive, online tetralogy of Fallot registry.MethodsAdult patients living with tetralogy of Fallot, aged 18–58 years, at the University of North Carolina were identified using diagnosis code query. A survey was designed to collect demographics, symptoms, history, and birth mother information. Recruitment was attempted by phone (Part I, n=20) or by email (Part II, n=20). Data analysis included thematic grouping of recruitment challenges and descriptive statistics. Feasibility threshold was 75% for recruitment and for data fields completed per patient.ResultsIn Part I, 60% (12/20) were successfully contacted and eight (40%) were enrolled. Demographics and birth mother information were obtained for all enrolled patients. In Part II, 70% (14/20) were successfully contacted; 30% (6/20) enrolled and completed all data fields linked to REDCap database; the median time for survey completion was 8 minutes. Half of the patients had cardiac operations/procedures performed at more than one hospital. Automatic electronic data entry from the online survey was uncomplicated.ConclusionsAlthough recruitment (54%) fell below our feasibility threshold, enrolled individuals were willing to complete phone or online surveys. Incorrect contact information, privacy concerns, and patient-reported time constraints were challenges for recruitment. Creating an online survey and linked database is technically feasible and efficient for patient-reported outcomes research.
Right-dislocated pronouns in British English: the form and functions of ProTag constructions
Authors: MYCOCK LOUISE 
Published: August 2017

Tags are widely acknowledged as being an important feature of colloquial British English. In this article, I examine a type of tag that has to date received little attention in the literature beyond sociolinguistic research into its interpersonal functions: right-dislocated lone pronouns, or ProTags. Biber et al. (1999) acknowledge that the demonstrative pronoun that can be used as a right-dislocated tag in conversational British English, but corpus data reveal that other pronouns can also be used as ProTags.Based on a range of examples, primarily taken from large-scale corpora, I examine the form of the ProTag construction and its functions, comparing it with other tags used in British English, particularly question tags. In common with other tags, ProTags are a classic case of language conveying more than straightforward propositional content. I consider to what extent proposed analyses of the functions of tag questions carry over to ProTags, and briefly whether this construction has been a feature of British English for longer than might at first be assumed.
Use of some plant extracts for management of red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae (Acarina: Tetranychidae) in tea plantations
Authors: Handique Gautam , Roy Somnath , Rahman Azizur , Bora Foridur Rahman , Barua Archita 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Laboratory and field studies were undertaken to establish the efficacy of some selected botanicals in the control of the tea red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae Nietner, a major pest of tea. Bioassays were performed to evaluate the dose-mortality response of adults and eggs of O. coffeae to aqueous plant extracts. The order of adulticidal toxicity based on LC50 and slope values was Sapindus mukorossi L. &gt; Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. &gt; Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis Nees. The order of ovicidal activity was reversed and was P. thyrsiformis &gt; N. arbor-tristis &gt; S. mukorossi. In addition, different concentrations of the aqueous extract of these plants exhibited repellent properties against adult mites and also significantly decreased the deposition of eggs by the mites on treated tea leaf surfaces. In field conditions, the extracts significantly reduced O. coffeae populations compared to propargite, a synthetic acaricide. There was no phytotoxic effect and the quality of tea was not adversely affected by the treatments. Further, the plant extracts caused no mortality or decrease in the predation efficacy of the adults and fourth instar larvae of Stethorus aptus Kapur, a natural predator of O. coffeae. Using the procedure adopted in this study, tea growers can easily formulate these low-cost eco-friendly botanicals for O. coffeae management in tea plantations.