bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contracting montane cloud forests: a case study of the Andean alder (Alnus acuminata) and associated fungi in the Yungas
Authors: Wicaksono Christian Y. , Aguirre‐Guiterrez Jesús , Nouhra Eduardo , Pastor Nicolás , Raes Niels , Pacheco Silvia , Geml József 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlnus acuminata is a keystone tree species in the Yungas forests and host to a wide range of fungal symbionts. While species distribution models (SDMs) are routinely used for plants and animals to study the effects of climate change on montane forest communities, employing SDMs in fungi has been hindered by the lack of data on their geographic distribution. The well‐known host specificity and common biogeographic history of A. acuminata and associated ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi provide an exceptional opportunity to model the potential habitat for this symbiotic assemblage and to predict possible climate‐driven changes in the future. We (1) modeled the present and future distributions of suitable habitats for A. acuminata; (2) characterized fungal communities in different altitudinal zones of the Yungas using DNA metabarcoding of soil and root samples; and (3) selected fungi that were significant indicators of Alnus. Fungal communities were strongly structured according to altitudinal forest types and the presence of Alnus. Fungal indicators of Alnus, particularly ECM and root endophytic fungi, were also detected in Alnus roots. Current and future (year 2050) habitat models developed for A. acuminata predict a 25–50 percent decrease in suitable area and an upslope shift of the suitable habitat by ca. 184–380 m, depending on the climate change scenario. Although A. acuminata is considered to be an effective disperser, recent studies suggest that Andean grasslands are remarkably resistant to forest invasion, and future range contraction for A. acuminata may be even more pronounced than predicted by our models.
Long‐Term Effect of Surface Roughness and Patients' Factors on Crestal Bone Loss at Dental Implants. A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Doornewaard Ron , Christiaens Véronique , De Bruyn Hugo , Jacobsson Magnus , Cosyn Jan , Vervaeke Stijn , Jacquet Wolfgang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPublications from 2011 to 2015 were selected to evaluate effect of implant surface roughness on long‐term bone loss as surrogate for peri‐implantitis risk. 87 out of 2,566 papers reported the mean bone loss after at least 5 years of function. Estimation of the proportion of implants with bone loss above 1, 2, and 3 mm as well as analysis the effect of implant surface roughness, smoking, and history of periodontitis was performed. By means of the provided statistical information of bone loss (mean and standard deviation) the prevalence of implants with bone loss ranging from 1 to 3 mm was estimated. The bone loss was used as a surrogate parameter for “peri‐implantitis” given the fact that “peri‐implantitis” prevalence was not reported in most studies or when reported, the diagnostic criteria were unclear or of dubious quality. The outcome of this review suggests that peri‐implant bone loss around minimally rough implant systems was statistically significant less in comparison to the moderately rough and rough implant systems. No statistically significant difference was observed between moderately rough and rough implant systems. The studies that compared implants with comparable design and different surface roughness, showed less average peri‐implant bone loss around the less rough surfaces in the meta‐analysis. However, due to the heterogeneity of the papers and the multifactorial cause for bone loss, the impact of surface roughness alone seems rather limited and of minimal clinical importance. Irrespective of surface topography or implant brand, the average weighted implant survival rate was 97.3% after 5 years or more of loading. If considering 3 mm bone loss after at least 5 years to represent the presence of “peri‐implantitis,” less than 5% of the implants were affected. The meta‐analysis indicated that periodontal history and smoking habits yielded more bone loss.
Influence of Healing Period Upon Bone Turn Over on Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation Grafted Solely with Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral: A Prospective Human Histological and Clinical Trial
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhou Wenjie , Monje Alberto , Huang Wei , Wang Yueping , Wu Yiqun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the influence of maturation timing upon histological, histomorphometric and clinical outcomes when deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) was used as a sole biomaterial for staged maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA).Materials and methodsPatients with a posterior edentulous maxillary situation and a vertical bone height ≤ 4 mm were included in this study. A staged MSFA was carried out. After MSFA with DBBM as a sole grafting material, biopsy cores were harvested with simultaneous implant placement followed by a healing period of 5, 8, and 11 months, respectively. Micro‐CT, histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed.ResultsForty‐one patients were enrolled and 38 bone core biopsies were harvested. Significantly greater BV/TV was observed between 5‐ and 8‐month healing from micro‐CT analysis. Histomorphometric analyses showed the ratio of mineralized newly formed bone increased slightly from 5 to 11 months; however, no statistically significant difference was reached (p = .409). Residual bone substitute decreased from 37.3 ± 5.04% to 20.6 ± 7.45%, achieving a statistical significant difference from of 5 up to 11 months (p < .01). Moreover, no implant failure, biological or technical complication occurred after 12‐month follow‐up of functional loading.ConclusionDBBM utilized as sole grafting material in staged MSFA demonstrated to be clinically effective regardless of the healing period. Histomorphometrical and micro‐CT assessments revealed that at later stages of healing (8 and 11 months) there is a higher proportion of newly‐bone formation compared to earlier stages (5 months). Moreover, the longer the maturation period, the substantially lesser remaining biomaterial could be expected. Even though, these facts did not seem to negatively impact on the implant prognosis 1‐year after loading.
A Genuine Win‐Win: Resolving the “Conserve or Catch” Conflict in Marine Reserve Network Design
Authors: Chollett Iliana , Garavelli Lysel , O'Farrell Shay , Cherubin Laurent , Matthews Thomas R. , Mumby Peter J. , Box Stephen J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTo support fishing communities, reserves should ensure the persistence of meta‐populations while boosting fisheries yield. However, so far their design from the onset has rarely considered both objectives simultaneously. Here we overcome this barrier in designing a network of reserves for the Caribbean spiny lobster, a species with long larval duration for which local management is considered pointless because the benefits of protection are believed to be accrued elsewhere. Our reserve design approach uses spatially explicit population models and considers ontogenetic migration, larval and adult movement. We show that yield and persistence are negatively related, but that both objectives can be maximized simultaneously during planning. Importantly, we also show that local efforts to manage spiny lobster, the most economically valuable marine resource in the Caribbean, can result in locally accrued benefits, overcoming a major barrier to investing effort in the appropriate management of this species.
Uncovering the Truth about Chinese Urban Unemployment Rates: 2005–2012
Authors: Zhang Jun , Xu Liheng , Zhang Huihui 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUsing China Urban Household Survey data from 2005 to 2012, the present paper examines the changing pattern of China's urban unemployment rates. The paper shows that the annual urban unemployment rates during 2005–2012 averaged approximately 8.5 percent, as opposed to the official figure of approximately 4.1 percent, and despite the significant slowdown of GDP growth since 2008, the urban unemployment rates still exhibit a downward trend. This paper finds that continuous job creation in both the tertiary and the non‐state sectors helps explain the decreasing trend in unemployment rates. Meanwhile, the downward trend of the unemployment rates could also be explained by the fact that both the secondary industry and the state‐owned sector have destructed fewer jobs because of the execution of macroeconomic stimulus policies since 2008.
Real Effective Exchange Rate and Regional Economic Growth in China: Evidence from Provincial Data
Authors: Yan Guo , Li Sheng , Lin Yaqi , Li Jie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUsing data for the period 2000–2011, we construct province‐level real effective exchange rate (REER) indices for China and test the effect of REER depreciation on regional economic growth in a generalized method of moments regression framework. Our results show that REER depreciation, in general, promotes regional economic growth, through increasing net exports and lowering FDI costs. After dividing the full sample into coastal and inland subsamples, we find that REER depreciation influences economic growth in inland areas but not in coastal areas. This is due to the fact that the inland areas have more surplus labor or other resources to expand their production capacity when REER depreciation leads to increased world demand. Furthermore, compared to inland areas, processing‐and‐assembly trade comprises a larger share of trade in the coastal areas, where traders import more raw materials and intermediate goods to process and assemble goods. When the exchange rate depreciates, the costs of imported materials and immediate goods increase. In this case, the benefits from REER depreciation in coastal areas are offset to some extent and are thus lower than in inland areas.
Perceptions of risks for diabetes‐related complications in Type 2 diabetes populations: a systematic review
Authors: Rouyard T. , Kent S. , Baskerville R. , Leal J. , Gray A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimIn Type 2 diabetes, there is no clear understanding of how people perceive their risk of experiencing diabetes‐related complications. To address this issue, we undertook an evidence‐based synthesis of how people with Type 2 diabetes perceive their risk of complications.MethodsWe performed a systematic search of nine electronic databases for peer‐reviewed articles published on or before 1 March 2016. Data from 18 studies reporting lay perceptions of risks for complications in Type 2 diabetes populations were included. Publication year ranged between 2002 and 2014.ResultsMethods used to assess risk perceptions were heterogeneous, ranging from questionnaires measuring the accuracy of perceived risks to semi‐structured and focus group interviews. We found evidence of low risk awareness in most dimensions of risk perceptions measured and the existence of optimistic bias.ConclusionsPerceptions were generally biased and varied according to the dimension of risk measured, the subpopulation concerned and the type of complications considered. Future work is needed to identify the best practical ways of correcting for biased risk perceptions so as to encourage self‐care behaviours and treatment adherence.
Time to question diabetes self‐management support for Arabic‐speaking migrants: exploring a new model of care
Authors: Alzubaidi H. , Mc Namara K. , Browning C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to explore a new model for diabetes self‐management support in Arabic‐speaking migrants.MethodsTwo qualitative methods were used: face‐to‐face semi‐structured individual interviews and focus groups. Interviews were audio‐taped, transcribed verbatim and coded thematically. Arabic‐speaking migrants with Type 2 diabetes were recruited from several primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare settings in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. These settings were purposefully selected to obtain a diverse group of participants. Data collection continued until saturation was reached. This is the first study that involved members of Arabic‐speaking communities in Australia in a formal process of consumer and public involvement to inform research design and recruitment in order to provide evidence for a new model of diabetes self‐management for Arabic‐speaking migrants.ResultsNo self‐management support was offered to Arabic‐speaking migrants beyond the initial diagnosis period. Significant knowledge gaps and skills deficits in all self‐management domains were evident. The provision of tailored self‐management support was considered crucial. When asked about preferred structure and delivery modalities, a strong preference was reported for face‐to‐face storytelling interactions over telephone‐ or internet‐based interventions. Gender‐specific group education and self‐management support sessions delivered by Arabic‐speaking diabetes health professionals, lay peers or social workers trained in diabetes self‐management were highly regarded.ConclusionsA patient and public involvement approach allows genuine engagement with Arabic‐speaking migrants with diabetes. There is urgent need for a new model for self‐management support among Arabic‐speaking migrants. Findings yielded new recommendations for diabetes health professionals working with these migrant communities to support behaviour change.
Schumpeterian and semi‐endogenous productivity growth explanations
Authors: Fedderke Johannes W. , Liu Yang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the nature and sources of productivity growth in South African manufacturing sectors, from an international comparative perspective. On panel data estimations, we find that the evidence tends to support Schumpeterian explanations of productivity growth for a panel of countries including both developed and developing countries, and a panel of South African manufacturing sectors. By contrast, semi‐endogenous productivity growth is supported for a panel of OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) manufacturing sectors. However, we also report evidence that suggests that sectors are not homogeneous. For this reason, time series evidence may be more reliable than panel data. Time series evidence for South Africa suggests that prospects for the sustained productivity growth associated with Schumpeterian innovation processes, is restricted to a narrow set of sectors. For the OECD manufacturing sectors, both semi‐endogenous and Schumpeterian growth finds support. Schumpeterian growth is present for a larger number of sectors than for South Africa, and is most prevalent in the North American economies.
Triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio predicts worse outcomes after acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Deng Q.‐W. , Wang H. , Sun C.‐Z. , Xing F.‐L. , Zhang H.‐Q. , Zuo L. , Gu Z.‐T. , Yan F.‐L. 
Published: November 2016

Background and purposeThe effect of the triglyceride (TG) to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) ratio (TG/HDL‐C) on clinical outcomes of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients is unclear. This study sought to determine whether the TG/HDL‐C ratio in AIS patients is associated with worse outcomes at 3 months.MethodsAcute ischaemic stroke patients who were admitted from 2011 to 2014 were enrolled in this study. TG, total cholesterol (TC), HDL‐C and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) were collected on admission. Three end‐points were defined according to the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at 3 months after symptom onset (excellent outcome, mRS 0–1; good outcome, mRS 0–2; and death, mRS 6).ResultsIn all, 1006 patients were included (median age 68.5 years; 58.2% male). Higher TG, non‐HDL‐C and TG/HDL‐C were strongly associated with the three end‐points after adjustments: excellent [odds ratio (OR) = 1.39, OR 1.89 and OR 2.34, respectively] and good (OR 1.48, OR 2.90 and OR 4.12) outcomes, and death (OR 0.59, OR 0.29 and OR 0.26). According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the best discriminating factor was a TG/HDL‐C ≥ 0.87 for excellent outcomes [area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.596; sensitivity 73.3%; specificity 42.7%] and non‐death (AUC 0.674; sensitivity 67.8%; specificity 60.6%) as well as a TG/HDL‐C ≥ 1.01 for a good outcome (AUC 0.652; sensitivity 61.6%; specificity 63.2%). Patients with a TG/HDL‐C < 0.87 had a 2.94‐fold increased risk of death (95% confidence interval 1.89–4.55) compared with patients with a TG/HDL‐C ≥ 0.87.ConclusionsA lower TG/HDL‐C was independently associated with death and worse outcome at 3 months in AIS.
Impact of light and alarm pheromone on immediate early gene expression in the European honeybee, Apis mellifera
Authors: Sommerlandt Frank M. J. , Rössler Wolfgang , Spaethe Johannes 
Published: November 2016

AbstractImmediate early genes (IEGs) are a group of rapidly and transiently expressed genes that are induced by cellular stimulation, such as neuronal activation, and do not rely on de novo protein synthesis. Based on these characteristics, IEGs are used as markers for localizing neuronal activation in vertebrate brains. However, whether their orthologs in insects are functioning in a similar way is still an open question. We report findings on the expression profiles of two IEGs in honeybee workers, encoding the honeybee orthologs of the vertebrate transcription factors Egr and c‐Jun, after exposure to light and alarm pheromone. While Amjra, the c‐jun ortholog, becomes upregulated in various brain parts following stimulation with either stimulus, the expression of the X1 isoform of Amegr, the egr ortholog, is not affected. These findings suggest different roles and molecular pathways for both IEGs within the neuronal network of the honeybee and provide first data on an isoform‐specific analysis of Amegr expression.
Temporal segregations in the surface community of an ephemeral habitat: Time separates the potential competitors of coprophilous Diptera
Authors: Frantisek Xaver Jiri Sladecek , Hana Sulakova , Martin Konvicka 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTemporal separations among species greatly enhance the species' coexistence, especially in insect communities inhabiting temporally unstable, yet resource‐rich, ephemeral habitats like dung or carrion. The insect communities inhabiting ephemeral habitats consist of two components, the internal community dwelling within the substrate (mostly Coleoptera), and the surface community inhabiting the habitat's outer rim (mostly adult Diptera). In contrast to the internal community, the surface community is very rarely studied. We present here the first quantitative study of temporal trends in the surface community of coprophilous dipteran adults. Using artificially created 1.5 L cow dung pats, we studied the succession and seasonality in the surface community during six sampling periods in 2011 and 2012. In total, we sampled 13579 adults of dung‐visiting Diptera. Both the abundance and species richness decreased rapidly throughout the succession, and were highest during summer. Along the successional gradient, the community was separated into two main groups (early and late) and four subgroups: (i) species occurring during the first few hours (mainly Calyptratae: Diptera); (ii) species occurring between the first and second days; (iii) species occurring between the second and third days (mainly Acalyptratae: Diptera); and (iv) species with optima after the third day of dung pat existence (mainly Nematocera). The earliest and latest successional groups, occurring mainly during spring–autumn, were seasonally separated from the two mid‐successional groups, occurring during summer. The ecologically similar species displayed detectable seasonal micro‐optima, which likely facilitate their coexistence. There was a high overall similarity in temporal patterns between dung and carrion surface communities.
Testosterone Reduces Promiscuity of Female Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus): An Experimental Study
Authors: de Jong Berber , Lens Luc , van der Velde Marco , Korsten Peter , Groothuis Ton , Komdeur Jan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn many animal species, extra‐pair copulations (EPCs) are common and can increase fitness in both sexes. In males, EPCs can increase total reproductive output, whereas in females benefits of EPCs can be indirect through improving the genetic quality of their offspring. Males and females of many vertebrates show an increase in levels of the hormone testosterone (T) during the mating period. In males, T plays an important role in regulating mating behaviour including increasing their EPC rate. While much is known about the role of T in male mating behaviour, the role of T in female reproduction remains unclear. To study the influence of T on extra‐pair paternity rates in females in a field setting, we created three experimental groups of female blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus): treated with either T, flutamide (Flu; an androgen receptor blocker) or empty implants before egg laying. Subsequently, we scored the number of extra‐pair offspring (EPO) in their broods. We also assessed the attractiveness of females treated with either T or Flu to males in mate choice trials in the laboratory. The overall proportion of EPO was lower for the T‐implanted group compared with the control group, whereas Flu had no effect. Given that males did not show a preference for Flu‐ vs. T‐treated females in the mate choice trials, it appears less likely that the reduction in EPO in the T‐implanted females was due to a reduction in their attractiveness. T levels may have negatively influenced EPO rate by affecting female within‐pair and/or extra‐pair mating behaviour. Future behavioural studies should investigate how elevated T levels reduce the number of EPO.
Intra‐ and interobserver reliability estimates for identification and grading of upper respiratory tract abnormalities recorded in horses at rest and during overground endoscopy
Authors: McGivney C. L. , Sweeney J. , David F. , O'Leary J. M. , Hill E. W. , Katz L. M. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundPrevious studies support good intra‐ and interobserver agreements for endoscopic evaluation of various upper respiratory tract (URT) diseases in horses. However, these studies mainly assessed resting endoscopic examination videos and/or focussed on a single URT abnormality.ObjectivesTo estimate intra‐ and interobserver agreement for identification and grading of all URT abnormalities from resting and overground endoscopy (OGE) videos of Thoroughbreds.Study designBlinded, fully crossed design.MethodsResting and OGE URT videos for n = 43 Thoroughbreds were retrospectively chosen based on identification of common URT disorders. The videos were randomly evaluated in duplicate by 4 raters blinded to all information including prior URT disorder(s) diagnosis. Abnormalities were graded using well‐described ordinal scales. Intra‐ and interobserver agreements were estimated using Cohen's weighted κ and Krippendorff's α, respectively.ResultsIntraobserver agreement was perfect/nearly perfect for arytenoid symmetry at exercise, epiglottic entrapment and epiglottic retroversion, substantial for arytenoid asymmetry at rest, palatal dysfunction (PD), medial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds (MDAF), pharyngeal mucus and epiglottic grade at exercise and moderate for vocal fold collapse (VFC), ventromedial luxation of the apex of the corniculate process of the arytenoid (VLAC), nasopharyngeal collapse (NPC) and epiglottic grade at rest. Interobserver agreement was substantial for arytenoid symmetry at exercise and PD and moderate for arytenoid asymmetry at rest, MDAF, VLAC and epiglottic entrapment. It was only fair for VFC, epiglottic grade at exercise, epiglottic retroversion, pharyngeal mucus and NPC and poor for epiglottic grade at rest.Main limitationsSample size was insufficient to allow assessment of the effect of one abnormality on the grading of another abnormality.ConclusionsObservers were consistent in grading URT disorders. However, significant disparity in grading existed between observers for some conditions affecting reliability.