bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends of hospitalization for schizoaffective disorder (SD) in USA: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Mansuri Z. , Shambhu S. , Yadav P. , Rathod M. , Mansuri U. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesSchizoaffective disorder (SD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. While SD has been extensively studied in the past, the contemporary data for impact of SD on cost of hospitalization are largely lacking.MethodsWe queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) dataset between 1998–2011 using the ICD-9 codes. Severity of comorbid conditions was defined by Deyo modification of Charlson comorbidity index. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and secondary outcome was total charges for hospitalization. Using SAS 9.2, Chi2 test, t-test and Cochran-Armitage test were used to test significance.ResultsA total of 4,66,800 patients were analyzed; 50.90% were female and 49.10% male (P < 0.0001); 61.15% were white, 25.97% black and 12.88% of other race (P < 0.0001). Rate of hospitalization increased from 13,035.05/million to 26,703.21/million from 1998–2011. Overall mortality was 0.50% and mean cost of hospitalization was 20,995.19$. The in-hospital mortality increased from 0.46% to 0.50% (P < 0.0001) and mean cost of hospitalization increased from 11,504.94$ to 31,460.67$. Total spending on SD related admissions increased from $1.2 billion/year to $6.6 billion/year.ConclusionsWhile mortality has slightly increased from 1998 to 2011, the cost has significantly increased from $1.2 billion/year to $6.6 billion/year which leads to an estimated $5.4 billion/year additional burden to US health care system. In the era of cost conscious care, preventing SD related hospitalization could save billions of dollars every year. Focused efforts are needed to establish preventive measures for SD related hospitalization.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Trends of hospitalization for schizophrenia in USA: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Mansuri Z. , Rathod M. , Sutaria A. , Shambhu S. , Yadav P. , Mansuri U. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesSchizophrenia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. While schizophrenia has been extensively studied in the past, the contemporary data for impact of schizophrenia on cost of hospitalization are largely lacking.MethodsWe queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) dataset between 1998–2011 using the ICD-9 codes. Severity of comorbid conditions was defined by Deyo modification of Charlson comorbidity index. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and secondary outcome was total charges for hospitalization. Using SAS 9.2, Chi2 test, t-test and Cochran-Armitage test were used to test significance.ResultsA total of 443,659 patients were analyzed; 38.78% were female and 61.22% were male (P < 0.0001); 48.19% were white, 35.30% black and 16.51% of other race (P < 0.0001). Rate of hospitalization increased from 56,768.47/million to 79,44466/million from 1998–2011. Overall mortality was 0.70% and mean cost of hospitalization was 23,568.47$. The in-hospital mortality decreased from 0.75% to 0.73% (P < 0.0001) and mean cost of hospitalization increased from 12,775.64$ to 36,768.58$. Total spending on schizophrenia related admissions have increased from $1.75 billion/year $6.23 billion/year.ConclusionsWhile mortality has slightly decreased from 1998 to 2011, the cost has significantly increased from $1.75 billion/year to $6.23 billion/year which leads to an estimated $4.48 billion/year additional burden to US health care system. In the era of cost conscious care, preventing schizophrenia related hospitalization could save billions of dollars every year. Focused efforts are needed to establish preventive measures for schizophrenia related hospitalization.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Effectiveness of long-acting injectables and clozapine in a real-world setting during the early-stages of psychotic illness
Authors: Ostinelli E.G. , Guanella E. , Cavallotti S. , Casetta C. , D’Agostino A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIntervention in the early-stages of psychosis may be able to shape the clinical course; critical period (CP) is best represented by the first 5 years from first admission (FA).ObjectivesTo investigate the effectiveness of pharmacological intervention within and beyond the CP.Aims(1) To compare hospitalization rates of patients stabilized on treatment with LAIs and CLZ. (2) To determine whether treatment with LAIs and CLZ within CP can influence hospitalization rates.MethodsData were retrospectively collected from patients diagnosed with non-affective psychoses with FA between 2000 and 2014; 200 patients were then divided into three groups, according to stabilized treatment regimen during the final year of observation: treatment as usual (TAU), CLZ, LAIs. hospitalization duration (HSPD) and frequency (HSP) were calculated for each group.ResultsDespite a major severity before assignment to either CLZ or LAIs treatment, HSPD and HSP in both groups shifted below those observed for the TAU arm. Patients who began treatment with LAIs within the CP showed a highly significant decrease of both HSPD and HSP (respectively 17.4 ± 18 vs. 2.6 ± 8.2; Z = −2.856; P < 0.005 and 1.1 ± 0.8 vs. 0.2 ± 0.5; Z = −3.115; P < 0.005). No significant changes in hospitalization rates were observed for subjects who began treatment with LAIs after the CP.ConclusionsOur study confirms that treatment with either CLZ or LAIs significantly impacts the course of psychotic disorders. The data seem to suggest that LAIs and CLZ should be considered more effective than conventional oral antipsychotics in the early-stages of psychotic illness. The difference among treatments tends to wane beyond the CP, especially for LAIs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia receiving long-term treatment with lurasidone, quetiapine XR, or risperidone
Authors: Newcomer J. , Tocco M. , Pikalov A. , Zheng H. , Cucchiaro J. , Loebel A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionLurasidone has demonstrated low propensity for metabolic disturbance in adult patients with schizophrenia in short-term studies.ObjectivesTo evaluate metabolic syndrome occurrence during long-term lurasidone treatment in patients with schizophrenia.AimsTo compare metabolic syndrome rates with lurasidone versus other antipsychotic agents.MethodsMetabolic syndrome rates (as defined by the US National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III) were evaluated in adult patients with schizophrenia treated with lurasidone in 2 long-term, active-controlled studies (quetiapine XR or risperidone). In the quetiapine XR-controlled study, patients completing a 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose trial of lurasidone (74 mg/d or 148 mg/d) or quetiapine XR (600 mg/d) continued on double-blind, flexibly dosed lurasidone (37–148 mg/d) or quetiapine XR (200–800 mg/d) for up to 12 months. In the risperidone-controlled study, patients received double-blind, flexibly dosed lurasidone (37–111 mg/d) or risperidone (2–6 mg/d) for up to 12 months.ResultsAmong patients without metabolic syndrome at baseline in the quetiapine XR-controlled study, 2.4% (2/84) of lurasidone-treated patients and 7.4% (2/27) of quetiapine XR-treated patients developed metabolic syndrome at month 12 (P = NS). Of patients without metabolic syndrome at baseline in the risperidone-controlled study, 10.3% (12/117) and 23.2% (16/69) of lurasidone- and risperidone-treated patients, respectively, developed metabolic syndrome at month 12 (P = 0.02).ConclusionsLong-term treatment with lurasidone was associated with lower rates of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia compared to treatment with quetiapine XR or risperidone.SupportSunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.ClinicalTrials.gov identifiersNCT00789698, NCT00641745.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Trends of hospitalization for schizophreniform disorder in USA: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Rathod M. , Mansuri Z. , Shambhu S. , Karnik K. , Sutaria A. , Mansuri U. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesSchizophreniform disorder (SD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. While SD has been extensively studied in the past, the contemporary data for impact of SD on cost of hospitalization are largely lacking.MethodsWe queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) dataset between 1998–2011 using the ICD-9 codes. Severity of comorbid conditions was defined by Deyo modification of Charlson comorbidity index. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and secondary outcome was total charges for hospitalization. Using SAS 9.2, Chi2 test, t-test and Cochran-Armitage test were used to test significance.ResultsA total of 8645 patients were analyzed; 36.21% were female and 63.79% were male (P < 0.0001); 49.04% were white, 39.06% black and 19.9% of other race (P < 0.0001). Rate of hospitalization decreased from 599.22/million to 394.47/million from 1998–2011. Overall mortality was 0.23% and mean cost of hospitalization was 17930.23. The in-hospital mortality reduced from 0.21% to 0.15% (P < 0.0001) and mean cost of hospitalization increased from 9662.88$ to 27,749.68$ from 1998–2011. Total spending on SD related admissions have increased from $47.59 million/year to $853.83 million/year.ConclusionsWhile mortality has slightly decreased from 1998 to 2011, the cost has significantly increased from $47.59 million/year to $853.83 million/year, which leads to an estimated $806.24 million/year additional burden to US health care system from 1998 to 2011. In the era of cost conscious care, preventing SD related hospitalization could save billions of dollars every year. Focused efforts are needed to establish preventive measures for SD related hospitalization.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Does family history of schizophrenia affect the severity of disease?
Authors: Sisek-Šprem M. , Herceg M. , Jukić V. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPrevious studies have demonstrated that family history is associated with earlier age at onset, severity of positive and negative symptoms, and the duration of untreated illness. Hereditary factors may contribute a vulnerability for antisocial and/or violent behaviour per se, and for other stable characteristics such as aggressive behaviour.AimTo analyze the impact of family history of schizophrenia and aggressive behavior among members of family on severity of disease and aggressive behavior of patients.MethodThe study population consisted of 120 male schizophrenic patients classified into non-aggressive (n = 60) and aggressive (n = 60) groups, based on indication for admission in hospital (aggression/anything else but aggression). For severity of disease, we assessed psychopathology using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the number of hospitalizations and the total equivalent dose of therapy (collected from medical record). The presence of a family history and aggression in family was assessed using a semi-structured interview of patients and, when available, family members.ResultsTwenty-seven (22.5%) participants were determined to have at least one family member with schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder, with no difference between aggressive (10%) and non-aggressive (12.5%) group. There was no significant interaction between family history and severity of disease (PANSS, number of hospitalizations, total equivalent dose of therapy). Aggressive behaviour in first-degree family member had no influence on aggressive behaviour of patients with schizophrenia.ConclusionFamily history of schizophrenia does not affect the severity of disease nor aggressive behaviour.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The role of modified states of consciousness in drug use
Authors: Freitas C. , Mendes A.M. , Queirós S. 
Published: May 2016

Modified state of consciousness (MSC) is defined as a mental state that can be subjectively recognized by an individual or by an objective observer of the individual, as representing a difference in the psychological functioning of the “normal” state, alert and awake of the individual. Drugs are products with definitions and conceptual boundaries, historically defined. The use of psychoactive drugs is related to the increased plasticity of human subjectivity which is reflected in various technical means to change the perception, cognition, affect and mood. The authors propose to conduct a literature review on the types of MSC, the way to achieve them and their implications in drug consumption pattern.A MSC consists of dimensions such as self-oceanic limitlessness, agonizing self-dissolution and visionary restructuring.Normal MSC includes dreams, hypnagogic state and sleep. Others may be induced by hypnosis, meditation or psychoactive substances. Those achieved by drugs allow the subject to access feelings and sensations which go beyond the everyday reality or, on the other hand, leakage of reality.Anthropological studies show that in almost all civilizations, man sought ways to induce MSC.What characterizes the problematic or abusive use of certain substances is not necessarily the amount and frequency of drug use, but the disharmony in the socio-cultural, family and psychosocial contexts of the individual.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sensory hypersensitivity predicts reduced sleeping quality in patients with major affective disorders
Authors: Serafini G. , Engel-Yeger B. , Gonda X. , Pompili M. , Rihmer Z. , Amore M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMajor affective disorders ranging from subthreshold affective temperaments to severe affective diseases and anxiety, are frequently associated with sleep–wake dysregulation. Interestingly, recent studies suggested an active role of Sensory Processing Disorders (SPD) in the emergence of sleep disturbances.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between SPD and sleep quality in subjects with major affective disorders and specific affective temperaments.AimsThis study aimed to examine the sensory profile (expressed in hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity) of patients with major affective disorders and its relative contribution to the prediction of sleep quality while also considering affective temperaments and depression, known as factors that may impact sleep quality.MethodsWe recruited 176 participants (mean age = 47.3) of which 56.8% have unipolar depression and 43.2% bipolar disorder. Reduced sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) whereas affective temperaments were assessed using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (TEMPS).ResultsSensory hypersensitivity, assessed using Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP), significantly distinguished between poor and good sleepers. Sleep quality was mainly predicted by the Beck Depression Inventory-II total score and anxious temperament. Yet, sensory hypersensitivity contributed to this prediction mainly in regard to sleep efficiency and related daytime dysfunctions.ConclusionsThe careful assessment of the unique sensory profile and its behavioral/functional influence on patients’ quality of life may help clinicians and health providers in developing targeted treatment interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Relation between substance of abuse and demographic characteristics, medical and psychiatric history in patients with substance related disorders
Authors: Herrera S. , Riquelme A. , León T. , Babul M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSubstance related disorders is a problem of global concern because of the high prevalence and costs for patients and society. In one of the latest surveys, 52% of the American population reported being current alcohol drinkers and 6.3% admitted being heavy drinkers. In addition, 9.4% are illicit drug users, being marijuana the most commonly used.ObjectivesTo determine whether there is a relation between the substance of abuse and the demographic characteristics, medical and psychiatric comorbidities of patients with substance use disorder.Patients and methodsThis correlational study examined data of 218 patients with substance use disorder (DSM-5), that consulted at the Addiction Unit of “Red de Salud, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile”, between April 2012 and September 2015. Data included: demographics, medical and psychiatric history, laboratory and imaging tests.ResultsOut of all the patients, 57% suffered from alcohol use disorder, whereas 21% abused of marijuana, 20% of cocaine and 8% of benzodiazepines. There was a correlation between alcohol use disorder and being over 40 years of age, being separated and having higher educational studies. For marijuana, being under 40 years of age, being single and having no medical comorbidities. For cocaine, not being single. For benzodiazepines, being over 40 years of age, being separated and having medical comorbidities. All of these correlations were statistically significant.ConclusionThese results emphasize on the complexity of these patients and on the important contrast created between age, marital status, level of education and prevalence of comorbidity depending on the abused substance.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Treatment of patients with opioid addiction with different disease duration
Authors: Khodjaeva N. , Sultanov S. 
Published: May 2016

To study the characteristics of medical and rehabilitation care for patients with opioid dependence we have investigated 50 patients. All patients on long-term use of opioids were divided into 2 groups. The duration of drug abuse in group 1 ranged from 4 months up to 5 years. In the second group, the duration of dependence was more than 5 years. Patients in the second group of somatic-neurological symptoms were having somatic disorders and organic brain damage. Systematic observation in drug treatment clinics at the place of and maintenance treatment of at least one year was achieved in 8.48% of patients of group 1 and 3.85% of the second group. Consequently, the role of the therapeutic factor in trying to achieve regression syndrome pathological attraction in early stages of the disease, we recognize more productive. Patients of the second group with a large weighting of disease duration was noted clinical abstinence syndrome both by somatic and neurological disorders, as well as by more severe anxiety, dysphoric disorders. These disorders require the inclusion in the scheme of treatment techniques aimed at more effective detoxification and immune reactivity of the organism. Patients of the second group was added to the treatment nootropics and immunomodulators. Analysis of the results of treatment in patients with drug addiction with different disease duration showed significant differences in the effectiveness. In the second group with a duration of more than 5 years of addiction, it is advisable to the treatment nootropics, immunomodulators.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Internet addiction and the correlation with the socio-economic crisis in students of University of applied sciences of Thessaly (TEI of Thessaly)
Authors: Kotrotsiou S. , Katsavria V. , Kotrotsiou E. , Gourgoulianis K. , Gouva M. , Paralikas T. , Hatzoglou C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionUse of the Internet lately has significantly been increased worldwide. The time users spend browsing the Internet is constantly increased resulting to serious consequences incurred in personal, professional and social life.AimThe purpose was to explore whether the economic crisis is affecting the use and addiction to Internet, whether the economic crisis is a risk factor in the appearance of addiction to the Internet and if the occupation and the existence of extra-curricular activities act as barriers to the development of addiction to the Internet on students.MethodsA questionnaire was prepared based on the diagnostic tool IAT (Internet Addiction Test). The survey was conducted in June of 2014 on 632 students.ResultIt was found that 6.2% of the sample population has moderately addictive behavior and 0.5% has a serious addiction. Addiction levels to the Internet are affected by someone working while studying and his monthly income, by daily time spent by the student in activities besides school, by the time spent daily on the Internet and by the operations mostly used. Also found that the risk of developing Internet addiction is higher among students who said they had difficulty paying their bills and Internet subscription and to those who due to economic crisis would stop all their activities in order to obtain money.ConclusionsThe economic crisis is a factor that affects on Internet addiction and occupation and activities may act as a deterrent to the emergence of the phenomenon.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Delusional symptoms with alcohol
Authors: Montes Reula L. , Ballesteros Prados A. 
Published: May 2016

A patient is twenty-eight years old who comes to the emergency services because he has visual hallucinations related to alcohol consumption. He only consumes alcohol sporadically in leisure time. Since he began drinking at 18 years he has presented these symptoms in only four occasions. He does not relate with a more quantity of alcohol or another stressors. After a few minutes, these symptoms disappear and so he criticizes.It is about of study through a clinical case the alcoholic hallucinosis, their characteristics and to see the differences in the patient. The patient in the acute phase presents a view of reality altered that later he recovers. There is no loss of consciousness or behavioral disorders. There are similarities with a pathological intoxication but there is not a regular relationship between consumption and symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.