bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of a conventional two-stage indirect evaporative cooler
Authors: Salman Braihan Abdulwadood 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the aim of saving a portion of the high-quality energy consumed in mechanical vapor compression systems for air conditioning applications, the present work focuses on utilization of low-quality energy conversion processes due to fluid evaporation. The conventional indirect evaporative cooler is selected based on its preference for further modification compared to a regenerative indirect evaporative cooler. It is configured to be operated with two identical stages in series. This task is achieved by developing a thermodynamic model to analyze the performance of the cooling unit and to indicate the extent of its development compared to the cooler in one stage. Preliminary results show that the best operating condition is when the ratio of primary air to secondary air is 1. The cooling unit produces fairly comfortable air within limited climatic conditions. It delivers air at 26 °C and lower even at climatic temperatures as high as 48 °C, but within a very low relative humidity range. The relative humidity range extends to less than 58% as the outdoor air temperature decreases. At high humidity levels (64 to 80% depending on climate temperature), cool air cannot be obtained at 26 °C, and the cooling unit performance is limited only by what the first stage produces. The average performance of the cooling unit exceeds that of the first stage by 42.6%. Increasing air flow rate leads to an increase in cooling capacity, but it also has a negative impact on supply temperature and effectiveness.
Was heißt schon normal? Was man in der hausärztlichen Praxis über Persönlichkeitsstörungen wissen sollte
Authors: Kühlein Thomas , Hasan Gabriel , Deinzer Anja , Silbermann Andrea 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungPersönlichkeitsstörungen sind häufig, bleiben oft undiagnostiziert oder verstecken sich hinter anderen psychiatrischen Diagnosen wie Angst oder Depression. Auffällige Verhaltensweisen sind emotionale Instabilität, selbstbeschädigendes Verhalten und ein schwieriger Beziehungsaufbau. Die Diagnose sollte fachärztlich und strukturiert erfolgen und den Patientinnen und Patienten mitgeteilt werden. Vor allem für die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung ist der Nutzen einer spezifischen Psychotherapie gesichert. Medikamentöse Therapien mit Psychopharmaka sind zu vermeiden. Am Thema der Persönlichkeitsstörungen manifestiert sich aktuell ein Wandel in der Psychiatrie. Das alte Denken in Krankheitskategorien wird zunehmend durch eine dimensionale Beschreibung psychischer Störungen abgelöst werden. Wie schnell das passieren wird und ob dieser neue Ansatz erfolgreicher sein wird als der alte, muss abgewartet werden.
High-resolution regional sea-ice model based on the discrete element method with boundary conditions from a large-scale model for ice drift
Authors: Tsarau Andrei , Lu Wenjun , Lubbad Raed , Løset Sveinung , Zhang Yuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Understanding sea-ice dynamics at the floe scale is crucial to comprehend polar climate systems. While continuum models are commonly used to simulate large-scale sea-ice dynamics, they have limitations in accurately representing sea-ice behaviour at small scales. DEMs, on the other hand, are well-suited for modelling the behaviour of individual ice floes but face limitations due to computational constraints. To address the limitations of both approaches while combining their strengths, we explored the feasibility of using a DEM within a continuum model, where the latter provides boundary conditions for a rectangular high-resolution DEM domain. This paper presents a feasibility study where a discrete model of a 100 × 100 km2 icefield was created using high-resolution optical satellite imagery. Sea-ice dynamics were simulated in the DEM considering environmental forces and integrating large-scale ice-drift velocities as boundary conditions. Model predictions were compared with satellite observations for ice drift and deformation parameters. This numerical approach showed potential for offering accurate, high-resolution predictions of sea ice, particularly in coastal areas and near islands, and may find applications in ice navigation and climate studies. However, further development of the DEM, along with upgrades to the coupled ocean models providing data for the ice component, may be necessary. Additionally, challenges remain to develop a two-way coupling between the DEM and a continuum model, which may be needed to improve the accuracy of large-scale simulations.
Leveraging multi-database linkages to assess racial and ethnic disparities among Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales cases in Tennessee, 2015–2019
Authors: Kirtz Erika M. , Chan Allison , McClanahan Kristina , Octaria Rany 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground:Awareness of health disparities’ impact on clinical outcomes is increasing. However, public health’s ability to highlight these trends can be limited by data missingness, such as on race and ethnicity. To better understand race and ethnicity’s impact, we compared all-cause 30-day mortality rates between non-Hispanic (NH) Black, NH White, and Hispanic/NH other racial and ethnic patients among cases of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE).Methods:We performed data linkage using CRE statewide surveillance, Hospital Discharge Data System, and vital records data to obtain demographics and clinical outcomes on CRE cases in TN. We evaluated the association between race and ethnicity with all-cause 30-day mortality among CRE cases.Results:Among 2,804 reported CRE cases from 2015 to 2019, 65% (n = 1,832) were missing race and ethnicity; data linkage methods reduced missingness to 10% (n = 285). 22%, 74%, and 3% of cases were among NH Black, NH White, and Hispanic/NH other patients, respectively. Thirty-day all-cause mortality among NH Black patients was 5.7 per 100,000 population, 1.9 and 5.7 times higher than NH White and Hispanic/NH other patients. We observed that the risk of dying within 30 days of CRE diagnosis was 35% higher for NH Black compared to NH White patients; unmeasured confounders may be present (adjusted risk ratio 1.35; 95% CI 1.00, 1.83).Conclusion:Data linkage effectively reduced missingness of race and ethnicity. Among those with CRE, NH Blacks may have an increased risk of all-cause 30-day mortality. Data missingness creates barriers in identifying health disparities; data linkage is one approach to overcome this challenge.
Historical Trajectories and Modern Dynamics of Islamic Financial Law in Central Asia
Authors: Rakhmanov Abdumukhtor , Thommandru Abhishek , Tillaboev Shokhrukhbek 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the historical development and contemporary landscape of Islamic financial law in Central Asia. Rooted in Sharia principles such as avoiding riba (usury), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (gambling), Islamic finance has evolved into a sophisticated framework that promotes equity, transparency, and social welfare. In Central Asia, a predominantly Muslim region shaped by diverse cultural influences, Islamic financial jurisprudence reflects a unique blend of traditional practices and modern regulations. The growth of Islamic finance in this region is driven by increasing awareness, regulatory support, and integration with global markets. Key principles like the prohibition of interest, risk-sharing, and asset-backed financing underpin the operations of Islamic financial institutions.Case studies from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan illustrate successful implementation strategies. The paper concludes by emphasizing the potential for Islamic finance to drive sustainable economic development in Central Asia and the need for ongoing research, collaboration, and policy support to navigate the complex dynamics of this evolving field.
Supraglacial lake evolution and its drivers in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica
Authors: Mahagaonkar Anirudha , Moholdt Geir , Glaude Quentin , Schuler Thomas Vikhamar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Supraglacial lakes on Antarctic ice shelves can have far-reaching implications for ice-sheet stability, highlighting the need to understand their dynamics, controls and role in the ice-sheet mass budget. We combine a detailed satellite-based record of seasonal lake evolution in Dronning Maud Land with a high-resolution simulation from the regional climate model Modèle Atmosphérique Régional to identify drivers of lake variability between 2014 and 2021. Correlations between summer lake extents and climate parameters reveal complex relationships that vary both in space and time. Shortwave radiation contributes positively to the energy budget during summer melt seasons, but summers with enhanced longwave radiation are more prone to surface melting and ponding, which is further enhanced by advected heat from summer precipitation. In contrast, previous winter precipitation has a negative effect on summer lake extents, presumably by increasing albedo and pore space, delaying the accumulation of meltwater. Downslope katabatic or föhn winds promote ponding around the grounding zones of some ice shelves. At a larger scale, we find that summers during periods of negative southern annular mode are associated with increased ponding in Dronning Maud Land. The high variability in seasonal lake extents indicates that these ice shelves are highly sensitive to future warming or intensified extreme events.
Phytotherapy in psychiatry: why psychiatrists should know about it
Authors: Lacerda Guilherme Frederico Miranda , Oliviera Paulo César , Vital Maria Aparecida Barbato Frazão , Slomp Junior Helvo , Galduróz José Carlos Fernandes , Andreatini Roberto 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is a substantial use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) among both the general population and psychiatric patients, with only a minority of these users disclosing this information to their healthcare providers, including physicians and psychiatrists. This widespread use of CAM can impact positively or negatively on the clinical outcomes of psychiatric patients, and it is often done along with conventional medicines. Among CAM, phytotherapy has a major clinical relevance due to the introduction of potential adverse effects and drug interactions. Thus, the psychiatrist must learn about phytotherapy and stay up-to-date with solid scientific knowledge about phytotherapeutics/herbal medicines to ensure optimal outcomes for their patients. Furthermore, questions about herbal medicines should be routinely asked to psychiatric patients. Finally, scientifically sound research must be conducted on this subject.
“If it is not too paradoxical”: archaeology in İstanbul under occupation as a window into understanding the creation of a post-war cultural heritage regime
Authors: Abi Ceren 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article studies how Allied archaeological activities in Ottoman lands between 1918 and 1923 were part of the post-war negotiations over those territories. It uses the occupation of İstanbul as a reference point to understand the larger reconstruction of the Middle East through the inspection of practices and policies used by the Allies in the realm of cultural heritage. It explores the changes that World War I brought to this realm and asks what kind of practices were used and why. Using archival documents and archaeological literature, it argues that the Allies used institutions like museums and schools of archaeology, scholarly activities such as excavations and publications, and laws and regulations on cultural property to make geopolitical claims in the region and legitimize their occupation while acquiring as many antiquities as possible. By comparing the motivations, practices, and results of Allied archaeological activities in the capital to those elsewhere in the Ottoman Empire, this study shines a light not only on the making of the post-war cultural heritage regime but also on the emerging geopolitical system in the Middle East.
The impact of cohort inclusion/exclusion criteria on pregnancy weight gain chart percentiles
Authors: Rangel Bousquet Carrilho Thais , Bodnar Lisa M. , Johansson Kari , Kac Gilberto , Hutcheon Jennifer A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPregnancy weight gain standards are charts describing percentiles of weight gain among participants with no risk factors that could adversely affect weight gain. This detailed information is burdensome to collect. We investigated the extent to which exclusion of various pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and postpartum factors impacted the values of pregnancy weight gain percentiles. We examined pregnancy weight gain (kg) among 3178 participants of the US nuMoM2b-Heart Health Study (HHS). We identified five groups of potential exclusion criteria for pregnancy weight gain standards: socio-economic characteristics (group 1), maternal morbidities (group 2), lifestyle/behaviour factors (group 3), adverse neonatal outcomes (group 4) and longer-term adverse outcomes (group 5). We established the impact of different exclusion criteria by comparing the median, 25th and 75th percentiles of weight gain in the full cohort with the values after applying each of the five exclusion criteria groups. Differences > 0·75 kg were considered meaningful. Excluding participants with group 1, 2, 3 or 4 exclusion criteria had no impact on the 25th, median or 75th percentiles of pregnancy weight gain. Percentiles were only meaningfully different after excluding participants in group 5 (longer-term adverse outcomes), which shifted the upper end of the weight gain distribution to lower values (e.g. 75th percentile decreased from 19·6 kg to 17·8 kg). This shift was due to exclusion of participants with excess postpartum weight retention > 5 kg or > 10 kg. Except for excess postpartum weight retention, most potential exclusion criteria for pregnancy weight gain standards did not meaningfully impact chart percentiles.
Volume and Euler classes in bounded cohomology of transformation groups
Authors: Brandenbursky Michael , Marcinkowski Michał 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLet
$M$
be an oriented smooth manifold and
$\operatorname{Homeo}\!(M,\omega )$
the group of measure preserving homeomorphisms of
$M$
, where
$\omega$
is a finite measure induced by a volume form. In this paper, we define volume and Euler classes in bounded cohomology of an infinite dimensional transformation group
$\operatorname{Homeo}_0\!(M,\omega )$
and
$\operatorname{Homeo}_+\!(M,\omega )$
, respectively, and in several cases prove their non-triviality. More precisely, we define:•Volume classes in
$\operatorname{H}_b^n(\operatorname{Homeo}_0\!(M,\omega ))$
, where
$M$
is a hyperbolic manifold of dimension
$n$
.•Euler classes in
$\operatorname{H}_b^2(\operatorname{Homeo}_+(S,\omega ))$
, where
$S$
is an oriented closed hyperbolic surface.We show that Euler classes have positive norms for any closed hyperbolic surface and volume classes have positive norms for all hyperbolic surfaces and certain hyperbolic
$3$
-manifolds; hence, they are non-trivial.
Students’ attitudes towards an instructor’s foreign accent and non-standard language variety
Authors: Lybaert Chloé , Van Hoof Sarah , Plevoets Koen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study reports the outcomes of a speaker evaluation experiment conducted in a higher educational context in Flanders, in which we investigated the influence of language variety (Standard vs. Colloquial Dutch), accent (Flemish vs. Eastern European) and name (Flemish vs. Eastern European) on students’ perceptions of a female university instructor. The results suggest that participants exhibited a relatively high level of tolerance toward both non-conforming speech and non-conforming speakers. Whereas Colloquial Dutch scored lower than Standard Dutch on standardness, we observed no negative effects of Colloquial Dutch on the teacher’s didactic competence, status, or social attractiveness. We did not find any evidence of a negative bias triggered by an Eastern European name. Whereas the Eastern European accent did have a negative impact on the teacher’s social attractiveness, we did not find any evidence of an accent bias affecting judgements of the teacher’s didactic competence and status.
“I’ve Got a Lot of Other Things I Do”: The Nuances of Digital Engagement among Older People
Authors: Wells Tabytha , Russell Elizabeth 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As Western society becomes increasingly digitally dependent and many older adults actively engage in the online world, understanding the experiences of those who largely do not use digital technology in their daily lives is crucial. Individual interviews were conducted (pre-pandemic) with 23 older adults who, based on self-identification, did not regularly use digital technology, exploring how their experiences as limited digital technology users may have impacted their daily lives. An iterative collaborative qualitative analysis demonstrated three main themes: internet concerns, frustrations with digital technology, and conflicting motivators to use digital technology. Findings suggest that addressing digital concerns and providing effective digital skill learning opportunities may encourage some older adults to become more digitally engaged. However, as people, including older adults, can be uninterested in using these technologies, organizations and institutions should work to offer ways to support people of all ages who are not engaged online.
Health-related quality of life in adults with Marfan syndrome
Authors: Stanek Sörner Anna , Enelund Maja , Cider Åsa , Ashman Kröönström Linda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and aim:Marfan syndrome is a rare genetic connective tissue disorder. Research on health-related quality of life in Swedish patients is lacking. We aimed to examine health-related quality of life in patients with Marfan syndrome with respect to reference values, sex, and age.Methods:Using the registry for adult CHD, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra Hospital, between 1 April 2009 and 31 January 2023, we identified 1916 patients. Of these, we included 33 patients aged ≥18 years who were diagnosed with Marfan syndrome and had completed the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey.Results:The median age was 32 years (interquartile range 25.5–47.0) and 22 (66.7%) were men. Patients with Marfan syndrome had significantly lower values than reference values for all scales in the Short-Form Health Survey except bodily pain, role-emotional, and the physical component summary score. For both men and women with Marfan syndrome, vitality was the subscale with the greatest percentage difference in comparison with healthy reference values (82% in women and 73% in men). Furthermore, men reported significantly higher vitality levels than women (62.5 points, interquartile range 43.8–75.0 vs. 35 points, interquartile range 10.0–65.0, p = 0.026).Conclusion:Adults with Marfan syndrome in Sweden showed lower health-related quality of life levels in comparison with reference values for most Short-Form Health Survey scales, and there were differences between patients with Marfan syndrome in terms of sex and age.
From diagnosis to postoperative challenges: a comprehensive case report on 2q37 deletion syndrome with CHD
Authors: Kowatari Ryosuke , Sasaki Hanae , Daitoku Kazuyuki , Miura Fumitake , Shimada Jun , Kitagawa Yosuke , Minakawa Masahito 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChromosomal 2q37 deletion syndrome, marked by developmental delays, distinctive facial features, and a spectrum of congenital anomalies, presents significant challenges in the cardiac management of affected individuals. This paper details the case of an 8-month-old male with 2q37 deletion syndrome, manifesting atrial and ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, and right ventricular outflow tract stenosis, leading to a demanding postoperative course. Despite an initially stable post-surgery phase, the onset of junctional ectopic tachycardia necessitated prolonged veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, highlighting the syndrome’s potential for intricate postoperative courses. The complexities encountered in this case, including extended renal replacement therapy and delayed thoracic closure, underscore the syndrome’s multisystem impact and the critical need for tailored, multidisciplinary care approaches. This report contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the cardiac implications of 2q37 deletion syndrome, emphasising the importance of individualised surgical strategies and the ongoing exploration of genotype–phenotype correlations in this rare genetic disorder.
The relationship between state-provided Islamic education and Islamism
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Ezzeldin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between state-provided religious education and support for Islamists. It first provides a historical overview of this debate in the Egyptian context. It then examines a survey of young adults from post-Arab-Spring Egypt, the largest education market in the Middle East and North Africa region. The findings show that recipients of state-provided Islamic education, Azharites, are more likely to hold favorable views of Islamists. This is likely attributed to the ideological alignment between Azharites and Islamists, since both favor a bigger public role of religion and stricter adherence to conservative social norms. However, the analysis does not support the notion that Azharites view Islamists as competitors in the religious market for followers. These results inform policy debates on Islamic education in Muslim countries and illustrate the limitations of mass indoctrination in authoritarian settings.
Pope Francis as an influential leader? How papal statements affect public attitudes toward anti-poverty measures
Authors: Ladini Riccardo , Faggiana Lucia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPope Francis has been very active in the public debate on several key social and political issues, gaining a role that foregoes the sphere of religiosity and morality. Overall, he has been perceived by the media and the general public as a leftist figure and even a modernizer. Nonetheless, little is known about the influence of Pope Francis' positions on public opinion, especially beyond the climate change issue and outside the US context. In this regard, this paper contributes to the analysis of the Francis effect on public support for poverty alleviation measures. By employing a survey experiment carried out in Italy, we therefore tested whether the papal endorsement of an anti-poverty measure during the COVID-19 pandemic affected people's support for it. The results highlighted a generalized Francis effect among the Italian public. In addition, trust in the Pope and leftist political orientation substantially enhanced this effect, while the same only partially applies to individual religiosity.
Which political entities are “Friendly” to religion? The interplay of entity, identity congruence, and Christian nationalism
Authors: Perry Samuel L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHow do Americans perceive the orientation of political entities toward religion? Building on group identity theories and burgeoning Christian nationalism research, I theorize Americans' perceptions of friendliness, neutrality, or unfriendliness toward religion will be contingent on the interplay between the specific entity, “identity congruence” (how partisan and ideological identities correspond to the partisan character of the entity), and Christian nationalism. Analyses of data from a large, nationally representative sample of Americans support my expectations. Both Christian nationalism and congruence on political identities predict how Americans perceive the posture of the Democratic Party, Republican Party, and Supreme Court toward religion. Yet associations differ depending on whether friendliness to religion challenges the entity's legitimacy (e.g., the Supreme Court). Interactions also show the influence of Christian nationalism and political identities on perceptions of friendliness are contingent on one another and the entity. Findings reveal how religious evaluations reflect group interests in complex ways.