bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping bald eagle activity shadows around communal roosts
Authors: Watts Bryan D. , Turrin Courtney 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTWe assessed diurnal activity patterns associated with communal roosts (n = 26) by tracking nonbreeding bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus; n = 58) within the upper Chesapeake Bay, USA, 2008–2013. We used daytime locations (n = 54,165) to map activity shadows (using home range analytics, 90% kernel) around communal roosts, to evaluate the spatial structure and to delineate diurnal activity centers. We overlaid a range (100–3,200 m) of buffers around the perimeter of each roost to estimate the benefits of management scenarios in extending protection to daytime activities. Activity shadows around roosts varied from 1.5 km2 to 116 km2 ( = 30.3 ± 5.48 [SE]), reflecting landscape context. Roosts with small (<10 km2) activity shadows tended to have simple shapes with roosts centrally located and positioned along primary shorelines. Roosts supporting large (>50 km2) activity shadows tended to have complex shapes with roosts not centrally located and set back from primary shorelines. Daytime locations were highly concentrated in areas near communal roosts (76% of locations within 2 km of roost perimeters). Diurnal activity centers (n = 38) included areas surrounding roosts and secondary activity centers that were primarily located along prominent shorelines. Communal roosts play a more significant and multi‐faceted role in the eagle life cycle than we previously understood. Many of the roosts positioned along the shoreline provided resting places during the night and day, served as social gathering places during the day, and functioned as feeding locations. Evaluation of management buffers supports current management guidelines that recommend the establishment of 800‐m buffers. Establishment of 800‐m buffers within the study area would enclose 54% of all daytime locations, 66.7% of the area enclosed within activity centers associated with roosts, and 12.1% of the area enclosed in secondary activity centers. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Distribution and migration chronology of Eastern population sandhill cranes
Authors: Fronczak David L. , Andersen David E. , Hanna Everett E. , Cooper Thomas R. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe Eastern Population (EP) of greater sandhill cranes (Antigone canadensis tabida; cranes) is expanding in size and geographic range. Little information exists regarding the geographic extent of breeding, migration, and wintering ranges, migration chronology, or use of staging areas for cranes in the EP. To obtain these data, we attached solar global positioning system (GPS) platform transmitting terminals (PTTs) to 42 sandhill cranes and monitored daily locations from December 2009 through August 2014. On average, tagged cranes settled in summer areas during late‐March in Minnesota (7%), Wisconsin (29%), Michigan, USA (21%), and Ontario, Canada (38%) and arrived at their winter terminus beginning mid‐December in Indiana (15%), Kentucky (3%), Tennessee (45%), Georgia (5%), and Florida (32%). Cranes initiated spring migration beginning mid‐February to their respective summer areas on routes similar to those used during fall migration. Twenty‐five marked cranes returned to the same summer area after a second spring migration, of which 19 (76%) settled <3 km from the estimated mean center of the summer area of the previous year. During the 2010–2012 United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Cooperative Fall Abundance Survey for cranes in the EP, we estimated that approximately 29–31% of cranes that summered in both Wisconsin and the Lower Peninsula of Michigan were not in areas included in the survey. The information we collected on crane movements provides insight into distribution and migration chronology that will aid in assessment of the current USFWS fall survey. In addition, information on specific use sites can assist state and federal managers to identify and protect key staging and winter areas particularly during current and future recreational harvest seasons. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Development of cognitive screening test for the severely hearing impaired: Hearing‐impaired MoCA
Authors: Lin Vincent Y. W. , Chung Janet , Callahan Brandy L. , Smith Leah , Gritters Nils , Chen Joseph M. , Black Sandra E. , Masellis Mario 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo develop a version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to be administered to the severely hearing impaired (HI‐MoCA), and to assess its performance in two groups of cognitively intact adults over the age of 60.Study TypeTest development followed by prospective subject recruitment.MethodsThe MoCA was converted into a timed PowerPoint (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA) presentation, and verbal instructions were converted into visual instructions. Two groups of subjects over the age of 60 were recruited. All subjects passed screening questionnaires to eliminate those with undiagnosed mild cognitive impairment. The first group had normal hearing (group 1). The second group was severely hearing impaired (group 2). Group 1 received either the MoCA or HI‐MoCA test (T1). Six months later (T2), subjects were administered the test (MoCA or HI‐MoCA) they had not received previously to determine equivalency. Group 2 received the HI‐MoCA at T1 and again at T2 to determine test–retest reliability.ResultsOne hundred and three subjects were recruited into group 1, with a score of 26.66 (HI‐MoCA) versus 27.14 (MoCA). This was significant (P < 0.05), but scoring uses whole numerals and the 0.48 difference was found not clinically significant using post hoc sensitivity analyses. Forty‐nine subjects were recruited into group 2. They scored 26.18 and 26.49 (HI‐MoCA at T1 and T2). No significance was noted (P > 0.05), with a test–retest coefficient of 0.66.ConclusionThe HI‐MoCA is easy to administer and reliable for screening cognitive impairment in the severely hearing impaired. No conversion factor is required in our prospectively tested cohort of cognitively intact subjects.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 127:S4–S11, 2017
Analysing Spatial and Statistical Dependencies of Deforestation Affected by Residential Growth: Gorganrood Basin, Northeast Iran
Authors: Shirvani Zeinab , Abdi Omid , Buchroithner Manfred F. , Pradhan Biswajeet 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to examine deforestation and residential growth trends and their spatial dependencies from 1972 to 2010 in Northeast of Iran. First, change rates of forests and residential areas were mapped using Landsat satellite images in 1972–1987, 1987–2000 and 2000–2010. Then, the forest change patterns were interpreted using univariate local Moran's I (local univariate spatial autocorrelation), and the spatial autocorrelation between deforestation and residential growth was tested through bivariate local Moran's I (bivariate local spatial autocorrelation). Furthermore, the spatial relationships between deforestation and residential growth rates were quantified by ordinary least squares, spatial lag (SL) and geographically weighted regression. Results indicated that approximately 25% of forests have been converted to other land‐use types in the span of 38 years, since 1972. Local univariate spatial autocorrelation maps showed that significant values of high–high cluster scattered in all locations in the first span, in the east and south aspects in the second duration, and in the eastern part in the third span. Bivariate local spatial autocorrelation indicated a meaningful Moran's I values of −0·12, −0·26 and −0·20 between deforestation and residential growth, chronologically. Analyses of spatial regression models showed that geographically weighted regression performed better than SL and ordinary least squares in the first (R2 = 0·315, AIC = 6,160) and third periods (R2 = 0·27, AIC = 6,351), whereas, the validity of SL was the highest in the second period (R2 = 0·36, AIC = 6,288). However, the overall trends of deforestation and residential growth have decreased, but the rate of deforestation induced by residential growth is still significant. Spatial exploration of residential growth in deforestation leads to determine its influences in local scale for better conservation of these valuable natural resources. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semifluorinated PMMA Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Nanostructure, and Thin Film Properties
Authors: Pospiech Doris , Jehnichen Dieter , Eckstein Kathrin , Scheibe Philipp , Komber Hartmut , Sahre Karin , Janke Andreas , Reuter Uta , Häußler Liane , Schellkopf Leonard , Friedel Peter , Voit Brigitte 
Published: April 2017

Diblock copolymers (BCP) with poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecyl methacrylate) (PsfMA) blocks prepared by anionic polymerization in tetrahydrofuran at −78 °C and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) at 60 °C, respectively, with stepwise varied composition over a wide range in the phase diagram are compared with respect to synthesis limits, phase separation behavior in bulk, and properties of thin films. Both methods yield BCPs with low dispersity (1.1–1.2) at molar masses below 100 kg mol−1. Higher semifluorinated contents can be achieved by ATRP in 1,3‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene which ensured solubility of PsfMA. BCPs obtained by anionic polymerization show a more distinct phase separation, that is, more regular nanostructures. Additionally, self‐organization of the semifluorinated side chains occurs generating smectic layers which alters in turn the BCP morphology especially in thin films as compared to non‐semifluorinated BCP. All BCPs show amphiphilic behavior and form micelles in organic solvents which can be used to deposit nanoparticles.
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ABA and BAB Triblock Copolymers Based on 2‐Methyl‐2‐oxazoline and 2‐n‐Propyl‐2‐oxazoline: Synthesis and Thermoresponsive Behavior in Water
Authors: Zahoranová Anna , Mrlík Miroslav , Tomanová Katarína , Kronek Juraj , Luxenhofer Robert 
Published: April 2017

Inspired by the well‐known amphiphilic block copolymer platform known as Pluronics or poloxamers, a small library of ABA and BAB triblock copolymers comprising hydrophilic 2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline (A) and thermoresponsive 2‐n‐propyl‐2‐oxazoline (B) is synthesized. These novel copolymers exhibit temperature‐induced self‐assembly in aqueous solution. The formation and size of aggregates depend on the polymer structure, temperature, and concentration. The BAB copolymers tend to agglomerate in water, with the cloud point temperature depending on the length of poly(2‐n‐propyl‐2‐oxazoline) chain. On the other hand, ABA copolymers form smaller aggregates with hydrodynamic radius from 25 to 150 nm. The dependence of viscosity and viscoelastic properties on the temperature is also studied. While several Pluronic block copolymers are known to form thermoreversible hydrogels in the concentration range 20–30 wt%, thermogelation is not observed for any of the investigated poly(2‐oxazoline)s at the investigated temperature range from 10 to 50 °C.
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Photoresponsive Passive Micromixers Based on Spiropyran Size‐Tunable Hydrogels
Authors: ter Schiphorst Jeroen , Melpignano Giuseppe G. , Amirabadi Hossein Eslami , Houben Menno H. J. M. , Bakker Sterre , den Toonder Jaap M. J. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMicrofluidic devices allow the manipulation of fluids down to the micrometer scale and are receiving a lot of attention for applications where low volumes and high throughputs are required. In these micro channels, laminar flow usually dominates, which requires long residence times of the fluids, limiting the flow speed and throughput. Here a switchable passive mixer has been developed to control mixing and to easily clean microchannels. The mixer is based on a photoresponsive spiropyran based hydrogel of which the dimensions can be tuned by changing the intensity of the light. The size‐tunable gels have been used to fabricate a passive slanted groove mixer that can be switched off by light allowing to change mixing of microfluidics to non‐mixed flows. These findings open new possibilities for multi‐purpose microfluidic devices where mixers and valves can be tuned by light.
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Splitting methods for tensor equations
Authors: Li Dong‐Hui , Xie Shuilian , Xu Hong‐Ru 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe Jacobi, Gauss‐Seidel and successive over‐relaxation methods are well‐known basic iterative methods for solving system of linear equations. In this paper, we extend those basic methods to solve the tensor equation
, where
is an mth‐order n−dimensional symmetric tensor and b is an n‐dimensional vector. Under appropriate conditions, we show that the proposed methods are globally convergent and locally r‐linearly convergent. Taking into account the special structure of the Newton method for the problem, we propose a Newton‐Gauss‐Seidel method, which is expected to converge faster than the above methods. The proposed methods can be extended to solve a general symmetric tensor equations. Our preliminary numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
An analysis on the efficiency of Euler's method for computing the matrix pth root
Authors: Ling Yonghui , Huang Zhengda 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIt is shown that the matrix sequence generated by Euler's method starting from the identity matrix converges to the principal pth root of a square matrix, if all the eigenvalues of the matrix are in a region including the one for Newton's method given by Guo in 2010. The convergence is cubic if the matrix is invertible. A modification version of Euler's method using the Schur decomposition is developed. Numerical experiments show that the modified algorithm has the overall good numerical behavior.
Modulus‐based multigrid methods for linear complementarity problems
Authors: Bai Zhong‐Zhi , Zhang Li‐Li 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBy employing modulus‐based matrix splitting iteration methods as smoothers, we establish modulus‐based multigrid methods for solving large sparse linear complementarity problems. The local Fourier analysis is used to quantitatively predict the asymptotic convergence factor of this class of multigrid methods. Numerical results indicate that the modulus‐based multigrid methods of the W‐cycle can achieve optimality in terms of both convergence factor and computing time, and their asymptotic convergence factors can be predicted perfectly by the local Fourier analysis of the corresponding modulus‐based two‐grid methods.
New delay‐dependent exponential stability for neutral Markovian jump systems with mixed delays and nonlinear perturbations
Authors: Ma Yuechao , Zhang Jingsha 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThis paper deals with the problem of delay‐dependent
exponential stability for neutral Markovian jump systems with mixed delays and nonlinear perturbations. Based on Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality method, some new
exponential stability criteria are presented. The difference between this paper and other existing results is that the lower bounds of the neutral delay, the upper bounds of the neutral delay and discrete delay are considered, which will obtain some less conservative stability analysis results. Numerical examples are given to show that the proposed criteria improve the existing results.
FTY720 elevates smooth muscle contraction of aorta and blood pressure in rats via ERK activation
Authors: Zhao Zhen , Wang Jinxin , Huo Zhijun , Wang Zhiyong , Mei Qibing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) is an important signaling sphingolipid involved in the pathogenesis of various cardio cerebral vascular diseases such as ischemic stroke. In particular, the S1P mimetic FTY720 is protective for brain against ischemic conditions. However, whether and how FTY720 can modulate vascular tone and blood pressure remains to be determined. We showed that FTY720 (1 mg/kg) enhanced the contractile response of rat thoracic aortic rings induced by high potassium and phenylephrine, respectively. This enhancement involves the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) since ERK phosphorylation was also enhanced and application of PD98059 (10 μmol/L), an inhibitor of ERK activation abrogated the aforementioned enhanced response by FTY720. In parallel, FTY720 (1 mg/kg) led to a modest elevation of blood pressure in rats, effects also being prevented by PD98059. In contrast, FTY720 decreased the high potassium‐induced contractile response in basilarartery preparations from rabbits, an effect blocked by PD98059. Together, FTY720‐induced an enhanced response of artery contractility in aorta and in arterial pressure involving ERK activation, with an attenuation in basilarartery contractility. This action property of FTY720 would be endowed with a potential of facilitating more blood flow perfusion to the brain and improving blood supply to the ischemic brain region and could be useful as an adjuvant in the treatment of ischemic stroke in the clinics.
Run sum X¯ control chart with estimated process parameters
Authors: Saha Sajal , Khoo Michael B. C. , Teoh W. L. , Lee Ming Ha 
Published: April 2017

The run sum
control chart is usually investigated under the assumption of known process parameters. In practice, process parameters are rarely known and they need to be estimated from an in‐control Phase I dataset. However, different practitioners use different numbers of Phase I samples to estimate the process parameters. As a result, the commonly used performance measure, ie, the average run length becomes a random variable. In this study, we present a run sum
control chart with estimated process parameters and use the standard deviation of the average run length to evaluate the average of the average run length performance of the run sum
chart when process parameters are estimated. Based on the standard deviation of the average run length criterion, the number of Phase I samples required by the estimated process parameter–based run sum
chart to have an average of the average run length performance close to that obtained under the assumption of known process parameters is recommended.
Periodic event‐triggered observation and control for nonlinear Lipschitz systems using impulsive observers
Authors: Etienne Lucien , Di Gennaro Stefano , Barbot Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we investigate the observation and stabilization problems for a class of nonlinear Lipschitz systems, subject to network constraints, and partial state knowledge. In order to address these problems, an impulsive observer is designed, making use of the event‐triggered technique in order to diminish the network communications. Sufficient conditions are given to ensure a milder version of the separation principle for these systems, controlled via an event‐triggered controller. The proposed observer ensures practical state estimation, while the corresponding dynamic controller ensures practical stabilization. The sampling and the data transmission are carried out asynchronously. The dynamic controller is tested in simulation on a flexible joint. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic moving object tracking with trajectory tracking extension: A homography‐based approach
Authors: Zhang Kaixiang , Chen Jian , Jia Bingxi 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn this paper, a homography‐based visual servo controller is developed for a rigid body to track a moving object in three‐dimensional space with a fixed relative pose. Specifically, a monocular camera is mounted on the rigid body, and the desired relative pose is expressed by a pre‐recorded reference image. Homography is exploited to obtain the orientation and scaled position for controller design. Considering the unknown moving object's velocities and distance information, a continuous nonlinear visual controller is developed using the robust integral of the signum of the error methodology. To facilitate the stability analysis, the system uncertainties regarding the moving object's velocities and distance information are divided into the error‐unrelated system uncertainties and the error‐related system uncertainties. After that, the upper bounds of the error‐related system uncertainties are derived with composited system errors. An asymptotic tracking of the leading object is proved based on the Lyapunov methods and the derived upper bounds. In addition, the proposed controller is extended to address the trajectory tracking problem. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Output‐based disturbance rejection control for 1‐D anti‐stable Schrödinger equation with boundary input matched unknown disturbance
Authors: Zhou Huacheng 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we are concerned with the output feedback control design for a system (plant) described by a boundary controlled anti‐stable one‐dimensional Schrödinger equation. Our output measure signals are the displacements at both side. An untraditional infinite‐dimensional disturbance estimator is developed to estimate the disturbance. Based on the estimator, we propose a state observer that is exponentially convergent to the original system and then design a stabilizing control law consisting of two parts: The first part is to compensate the disturbance by using its approximated value and the second part is to stabilize the observer system by applying the classical backstepping approach. The resulting closed‐loop system is shown to be exponentially stable with guaranteeing that all internal systems are uniformly bounded. An effective output‐based disturbance rejection control algorithm is concluded. An application, namely, a cascade of ODE–wave systems, is investigated by the developed control algorithm. Numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender composition of the occupation, sexual orientation, and mental health in young adulthood
Authors: Ueno Koji , Vaghela Preeti , Nix Amanda N. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe gender composition of the occupation has important implications for work conditions, rewards, and experiences, but little is known about whether it impacts workers' mental health. The present study seeks to answer this question by focusing on depressive symptoms and drug dependence symptoms as mental health outcomes and young adulthood as the life course context. The study further examines whether the association varies by sexual orientation, considering that occupational gender composition affects levels of stress exposure and social support availability in different ways for heterosexuals and sexual minorities. The analysis of the U.S. data, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), shows that among heterosexuals, working in a more female‐typical occupation is associated with lower levels of drug dependence symptoms for women and higher levels of depressive symptoms for men. Sexual minorities show a diverging pattern—working in a more female‐typical occupation is associated with worse mental health for sexual minority women and better mental health for sexual minority men.
Toward the Dark Matter of Natural Products
Authors: Wakimoto Toshiyuki 
Published: April 2017

AbstractConsidering the dynamic features of natural products, our access toward exploring the entire diversity of natural products has been quite limited. It is challenging to assess the diversity of natural products by using conventional analytical methods, even with tandem chromatographic techniques, such as LC‐MS and GC‐MS. This viewpoint is supported by the sequencing analyses of microbial genomes, which have unveiled the potential of secondary metabolite production far exceeding the number of isolated molecules. Recent advancements in metabolomics, in concert with genomics analyses, have further extended the natural product diversity, prompting growing awareness of the existence of reactive or short‐lived natural molecules. This personal account introduces some examples of the discoveries of hitherto elusive natural products, due to physico‐chemical or biological reasons, and highlights the significance of the dark matter of natural products.