bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid Intelligence Predicts Novel Rule Implementation in a Distributed Frontoparietal Control Network
Authors: Tschentscher Nadja , Mitchell Daniel , Duncan John 
Published: April 2017

Fluid intelligence has been associated with a distributed cognitive control or multiple-demand (MD) network, comprising regions of lateral frontal, insular, dorsomedial frontal, and parietal cortex. Human fluid intelligence is also intimately linked to task complexity, and the process of solving complex problems in a sequence of simpler, more focused parts. Here, a complex target detection task included multiple independent rules, applied one at a time in successive task epochs. Although only one rule was applied at a time, increasing task complexity (i.e., the number of rules) impaired performance in participants of lower fluid intelligence. Accompanying this loss of performance was reduced response to rule-critical events across the distributed MD network. The results link fluid intelligence and MD function to a process of attentional focus on the successive parts of complex behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFluid intelligence is intimately linked to the ability to structure complex problems in a sequence of simpler, more focused parts. We examine the basis for this link in the functions of a distributed frontoparietal or multiple-demand (MD) network. With increased task complexity, participants of lower fluid intelligence showed reduced responses to task-critical events. Reduced responses in the MD system were accompanied by impaired behavioral performance. Low fluid intelligence is linked to poor foregrounding of task-critical information across a distributed MD system.
Active Avoidance: Neural Mechanisms and Attenuation of Pavlovian Conditioned Responding
Authors: Boeke Emily A. , Moscarello Justin M. , LeDoux Joseph E. , Phelps Elizabeth A. , Hartley Catherine A. 
Published: April 2017

Patients with anxiety disorders often experience a relapse in symptoms after exposure therapy. Similarly, threat responses acquired during Pavlovian threat conditioning often return after extinction learning. Accordingly, there is a need for alternative methods to persistently reduce threat responding. Studies in rodents have suggested that exercising behavioral control over an aversive stimulus can persistently diminish threat responses, and that these effects are mediated by the amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and striatum. In this fMRI study, we attempted to translate these findings to humans. Subjects first underwent threat conditioning. We then contrasted two forms of safety learning: active avoidance, in which participants could prevent the shock through an action, and yoked extinction, with shock presentation matched to the active condition, but without instrumental control. The following day, we assessed subjects' threat responses (measured by skin conductance) to the conditioned stimuli without shock. Subjects next underwent threat conditioning with novel stimuli. Yoked extinction subjects showed an increase in conditioned response to stimuli from the previous day, but the active avoidance group did not. Additionally, active avoidance subjects showed reduced conditioned responding during novel threat conditioning, but the extinction group did not. We observed between-group differences in striatal BOLD responses to shock omission in Avoidance/Extinction. These findings suggest a differential role for the striatum in human active avoidance versus extinction learning, and indicate that active avoidance may be more effective than extinction in persistently diminishing threat responses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTExtinguished threat responses often reemerge with time, highlighting the importance of identifying more enduring means of attenuation. We compared the effects of active avoidance learning and yoked extinction on threat responses in humans and contrasted the neural circuitry engaged by these two processes. Subjects who learned to prevent a shock through an action maintained low threat responses after safety learning and showed attenuated threat conditioning with novel stimuli, in contrast to those who underwent yoked extinction. The results suggest that experiences of active control over threat engage the striatum and promote a shift from expression of innate defensive responses toward more adaptive behavioral responses to threatening stimuli.
PRDM16 represses the type I interferon response in adipocytes to promote mitochondrial and thermogenic programing
Authors: Kissig Megan , Ishibashi Jeff , Harms Matthew J , Lim Hee‐Woong , Stine Rachel R , Won Kyoung‐Jae , Seale Patrick 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBrown adipose has the potential to counteract obesity, and thus, identifying signaling pathways that regulate the activity of this tissue is of great clinical interest. PRDM16 is a transcription factor that activates brown fat‐specific genes while repressing white fat and muscle‐specific genes in adipocytes. Whether PRDM16 also controls other gene programs to regulate adipocyte function was unclear. Here, we identify a novel role for PRDM16 in suppressing type I interferon (IFN)‐stimulated genes (ISGs), including Stat1, in adipocytes in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic activation of type I IFN signaling in brown adipocytes induces mitochondrial dysfunction and reduces uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. Prdm16‐deficient adipose displays an exaggerated response to type I IFN, including higher STAT1 levels and reduced mitochondrial gene expression. Mechanistically, PRDM16 represses ISGs through binding to promoter regions of these genes and blocking the activating function of IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1). Together, these data indicate that PRDM16 diminishes responsiveness to type I IFN in adipose cells to promote thermogenic and mitochondrial function.
Poly‐GP in cerebrospinal fluid links C9orf72‐associated dipeptide repeat expression to the asymptomatic phase of ALS/FTD
Authors: Lehmer Carina , Oeckl Patrick , Weishaupt Jochen H , Volk Alexander E , Diehl‐Schmid Janine , Schroeter Matthias L , Lauer Martin , Kornhuber Johannes , Levin Johannes , Fassbender Klaus , Landwehrmeyer Bernhard ,   German Consortium for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, Schludi Martin H , Arzberger Thomas , Kremmer Elisabeth , Flatley Andrew , Feederle Regina , Steinacker Petra , Weydt Patrick , Ludolph Albert C , Edbauer Dieter , Otto Markus 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe C9orf72 GGGGCC repeat expansion is a major cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (c9ALS/FTD). Non‐conventional repeat translation results in five dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), but their clinical utility, overall significance, and temporal course in the pathogenesis of c9ALS/FTD are unclear, although animal models support a gain‐of‐function mechanism. Here, we established a poly‐GP immunoassay from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to identify and characterize C9orf72 patients. Significant poly‐GP levels were already detectable in asymptomatic C9orf72 mutation carriers compared to healthy controls and patients with other neurodegenerative diseases. The poly‐GP levels in asymptomatic carriers were similar to symptomatic c9ALS/FTD cases. Poly‐GP levels were not correlated with disease onset, clinical scores, and CSF levels of neurofilaments as a marker for axonal damage. Poly‐GP determination in CSF revealed a C9orf72 mutation carrier in our cohort and may thus be used as a diagnostic marker in addition to genetic testing to screen patients. Presymptomatic expression of poly‐GP and likely other DPR species may contribute to disease onset and thus represents an alluring therapeutic target.
COMPREENDENDO A CONCEPÇÃO DO CURSO SUPERIOR DE TECNOLOGIA EM ANÁLISE E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SISTEMAS NO IFPR - CAMPUS IRATI
Authors: Fernandes Wesley Vinicius , Zontini Laynara dos Reis Santos , Zontini Diego Dutra 
Published: April 2017

Esse artigo visa compreender como se deu a concepção do curso superior de Tecnologia em Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas no IFPR – Campus Irati, tendo como objetivo o fortalecimento da sua identidade e historicidade. Utilizando os modos de proceder da pesquisa qualitativa fenomenológica, nos orientamos pela interrogação “Quais argumentos sustentaram a concepção do curso superior de Tecnologia em Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas?”. Para isso, fomos ao encontro daqueles que participaram da decisão de abertura do curso, entrevistamos e transcrevemos essas entrevistas, passando a analisar fenomenologicamente os dados produzidos. As convergências dos ditos revelaram o fenômeno por meio de duas categorias: Características Sociopolíticas e Condições do IFPR – Campus Irati. Estas foram interpretadas, permitindo-nos compreender o fenômeno investigado. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que as orientações legais em relação a infraestrutura e o corpo docente foi um fator decisivo para a abertura especificamente desse curso. Além disso, havia uma expectativa de indução do desenvolvimento local, dada as características regionais que não deixam explícito uma demanda no mercado de trabalho para a Informática.
A PERTINÊNCIA DO ENFOQUE CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E SOCIEDADE (CTS) NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA
Authors: Do Nascimento Augusto Sávio Guimarães , Rodrigues M. F. , Nunes Albino O. 
Published: April 2017

Considerando que a formação profissional e tecnológica ainda está muito ligada a enfoques eminentemente técnicos, as influências recíprocas entre as trocas sociais e os desenvolvimentos científicos e tecnológicos encontrar-se num ponto de indefinição. Este artigo tem o propósito de discutir possibilidades de inclusão, nos planos de ensino, as abordagens CTS, que permita uma possível aproximação dialógica entre a natureza social da ciência e da tecnologia com a Educação Profissional. Ciente da impossibilidade de responder de forma conclusiva a essa questão de estudo, este trabalho pretende ser ponto de partida para reflexões e diálogos futuros. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os objetivos do movimento CTS no campo educacional e do Trabalho e Educação, busca-se apresentar abordagens pertinentes do desenvolvimento desta temática de modo a não privilegiar somente o sistema de produção, mas, sim, oportunizar a construção de uma concepção social do contexto científico-tecnológico.
Editorial
Authors: Medeiros Neta Olivia Morais , Moura Dante Henrique 
Published: April 2017

Caros leitores, Neste segundo número de 2016 da revista brasileira de educação profissional e tecnológica foram reunidos artigos com temáticas diversas acerca da educação profissional.Destacamos os artigos “O trabalho do pedagogo nos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia: algumas análises”, “Professor em (re)construção: reflexões de um docente em formação pedagógica”, “Formar-se para ensinar: experiência de um Instituto Federal” e “Saberes docentes na educação profissional técnica de nível médio: uma proposta para a formação de professores do IFAM – Campus Lábrea” que abordam o trabalho e a formação de professores para a educação profissional.Pari passu, o tema da educação profissional e saúde foi abordada nos artigos “A formação dos trabalhadores técnicos de saúde como objeto de estudo nos Programas de Pós-graduação strictu sensu, no Brasil (2002-2016)” e “Gestão participativa e a interface com trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Saúde: uma revisão integrativa”.Em um outro eixo de discussões, ressaltamos abordagens referente a concepção de formação humana nos cursos de licenciaturas do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba, a violência simbólica na EPT, a concepção do Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas no IFPR/Campus Irati e a pertinência do enfoque ciência, tecnologia e sociedade (CTS) na educação profissional e tecnológica.Esperamos que a leitura seja proveitosa.
Current state of myocardial revascularization in patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Authors: Gautier S. V. , Mironkov A. B. , Sakhovsky S. A. 
Published: April 2017

In most cases, severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction is a consequence of ischemic heart disease. In clinical condition, current recommendations support myocardial revascularization in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy by performing coronary artery bypass grafting. Information on safety and effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ischemic heart failure is limited. The aim of this review is to study the current state of this problem.
Hemolysis research of implantable axial flow pump for two -step heart transplantation in children
Authors: Dmitrieva O. Yu. , Buchnev A. S. , Drobyshev A. A. , Itkin G. P. 
Published: April 2017

Introduction.One of the main indicators characterizing mechanical circulatory support devices (artificial valve, implantable pumps, etc.) is trauma of blood cells. Therefore, while developing new pumps, one of the key studies in vitro is to evaluate blood hemolysis. For an objective hemolysis analysis of pump it is required to create a standardized methodology of hemolysis studies. The object of the study in this paper is implantable axial pump DON for two-step heart transplantation in children.The aimof study is to develop a standardized methodology of hemolysis studies of blood pumps and to conduct research of pediatric axial pump DON.Materials and methods.To conduct hemolysis research we created a mock circulatory system consisting of a reservoir placed in water bath maintaining a constant working fluid (blood) temperature, hydrodynamic resistance, connecting tubes, ports for blood sampling and pressure and flow measurement systems, and research pump. Test method is to estimate levels of free hemoglobin pHb obtained by blood samples during pump working in operating mode (for pediatric pump: blood flow 2.5 l/min, pressure difference 80 mmHg). Using the data obtained the standardized indices of hemolysis NIH and MIH are calculated based on pHb values, hematocrit, total hemoglobin, blood flow and working pump time.Results.We developed and realized a standardized methodology of hemolysis research by which we evaluated hemolysis of pediatric axial pump. The results of hemolysis tests allowed us to optimize the design of DON. Obtained values of hemolysis of the latest version of pediatric pump DON-3 have shown that they do conform to the requirements of minimum blood injury and it allows us to proceed to the next step of pediatric pump research – animal experiments.Conclusion.Developed methods and evaluation tools of hemolysis allow us to provide objective information on one of the most important indicators of developing implantable pediatric axial pump and they could be recommended for hemolysis research of others pumps.
Experimental evaluation of mechanical heart support system based on viscous friction disc pump
Authors: Chernyavskiy A. M. , Ruzmatov T. M. , Fomichev A. V. , Medvedev A. E. , Prikhodko Yu. M. , Fomin V. M. , Fomichev V. P. , Lomanovich K. A. , Karaskov A. M. 
Published: April 2017

Aim. Experimental evaluation of the viscous friction disk pump efficiency, studying the relationship between inter-disk clearance and sizes of input and output ports and pump performance parameters.Materials and methods. To assess the characteristics and to optimize the disk friction pump design the pump model and experimental stand were created. Pump dimensions were set on the basis of medical and biological requirements for mechanical heart support systems and with due consideration of the experimental studies of our colleagues from Pennsylvania. Flow volume of the working fluid was measured by float rotameter Krohne VA-40 with measurement error of not more than 1%. The pressure values in the hydrodynamic circuit were measured using a monitor manufactured by Biosoft-M. Expansion device allowed changing the flow resistance of the system simulating the total peripheral resistance of the circulatory system.Results. Linear direct correlation between the pump performance and the pressure drop of liquid being created at the inlet and outlet of the pump was obtained. The required flow rate (5–7 l/min) and pressure (90–100 mmHg) were reached when the rotor speed was in the range of 2500–3000 rev/min. It has been shown that the increase of the inlet diameter to 15 mm has not resulted in a significant increase in the pump performance, and that the highest efficiency values can be obtained for the magnitude of inter-disk gap of 0.4–0.5 mm.Conclusion. Designed and manufactured experimental disc pump model for pumping fluid has showed the fundamental possibility to use this model as a system for mechanical support of the heart.
Perfusion device for liver preservation ex vivo before transplantation: first experimental study
Authors: Reznik O. N. , Skvortsov A. E. , Lopota A. V. , Gryaznov N. A. , Kharlamov V. V. , Kireeva G. S. 
Published: April 2017

Introduction. Successful liver transplantation including from donors with a sudden irreversible cardiac arrest requires the use of modern hardware and technical support to maintain, select and sustain organ viability for the period from harvesting to transplantation to the recipient.Materials and methods. Hardware-software system (HSS) developed by the Russian State Scientific Center for Robotics and Technical Cybernetics (RTC) was used for testing of normothermic perfusion of donor’s liver ex vivo. The experiment was conducted on the isolated pig liver (Duroc breed) in accordance with the ethical principles.Result. During perfusion spontaneous recovery of bile outflow through the cannula installed in the common bile duct (volume of bile released – 240 ml) was observed, and the color and uniformity of the perfused liver did not differ from the normal parameters. Biochemical indicators were stabilized at the physiological values after 40 minutes of perfusion procedure.Conclusion. Isolated liver transplant was completely restored after 30 minutes of warm ischemia and was functioning well due to ex vivo perfusion procedure on the new perfusion device. The first case of the new device usage for normothermic liver ex vivo demonstrated hopeful results to be further investigated.
Correction of extrahepatic portal hypertension in pediatric patient after liver transplantation
Authors: Monakhov A. R. , Mironkov B. L. , Dzhanbekov T. A. , Semash K. O. , Khizroev Kh. M. , Gautier S. V. 
Published: April 2017

Introduction. Liver transplantation is a multi-component and complex type of operative treatment. Patients undergoing such a treatment sometimes are getting various complications. One of these complications is a portal hypertension associated with portal vein stenosis.Materials and methods. In 6 years after the left lateral section transplantation from living donor in a pediatric patient the signs of portal hypertension were observed. Stenosis of the portal vein was revealed. Due to this fact percutaneous transhepatic correction of portal vein stenosis was performed.Results. As a result of the correction of portal blood flow in the patient a positive trend was noted. According to the laboratory and instrumental methods of examination the graft had a normal function, portal blood flow was adequate. In order to control the stent patency Doppler ultrasound and MSCT of the abdominal cavity with intravenous bolus contrasting were performed. Due to these examinations the stent function was good, the rate of blood flow in the portal vein due to Doppler data has reached 80 cm/sec, and a decrease of the spleen size was noted.Conclusion. Diagnosis and timely detection of portal vein stenosis in patients after liver transplantation are very important for the preservation of graft function and for the prevention of portal hypertension. In order to do that, ultrasound Doppler fluorimetry examination needs to be performed to each patient after liver transplantation. In cases of violation of the blood flow in the portal vein CT angiography performance is needed. Percutaneous transhepatic stenting of portal vein is a minimally invasive and highly effective method of correction of portal hypertension. Antiplatelet therapy and platelet aggregation control are the prerequisites for successful stent function.
Heart transplantation from older donors
Authors: Poptsov V. N. , Spirina E. A. , Koloskova N. N. , Masyutin S. A. , Ukhrenkov S. G. , Dogonasheva A. A. 
Published: April 2017

In the current situation of the shortage of suitable donor organs, heart transplantation from older donors is one of the ways to increase the performance of more heart transplants, particularly, in patients with urgent need of transplantation. While planning a heart transplantation from older donor one should consider increased risk of early cardiac allograft dysfunction, preexisting coronary artery disease, accelerated transplant vasculopathy which may adversely affect early and long-term survival of recipients. Subject to careful selection of donor–recipient pairs, effective prevention and treatment of early cardiac allograft dysfunction, pre-existing atherosclerosis and transplant vasculopathy the early and long-term survival of heart transplant recipients from older donors is comparable to heart transplantation from young donors.
Treatment Paradigms for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer at Academic Medical Centers: Involvement in Clinical Trial Endpoint Design
Authors: Aggarwal Charu , Borghaei Hossein 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Based on the positive results of various clinical trials, treatment options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have expanded greatly over the last 25 years. While regulatory approvals of chemotherapeutic agents for NSCLC have largely been based on improvements in overall survival, recent approvals of many targeted agents for NSCLC (afatinib, crizotinib, ceritinib, osimertinib) have been based on surrogate endpoints such as progression-free survival and objective response. As such, selection of appropriate clinical endpoints for examining the efficacy of investigational agents for NSCLC is of vital importance in clinical trial design. This review provides an overview of clinical trial endpoints previously utilized for approved agents for NSCLC and highlights the key efficacy results for these trials. Trends for more recent approvals in NSCLC, including those for the immunotherapeutic agents nivolumab and pembrolizumab, are also discussed. The results of a correlative analysis of endpoints from 18 clinical trials that supported approvals of investigational agents in clinical trials for NSCLC are also presented.