bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-situ annealing and computation study of cube texture development in a commercial aluminum alloy
Authors: Sukhopar Olga , Gottstein Günter 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the physical processes of nucleation and growth of cube grains by means of in-situ annealing experiments. The calculated nucleation site density at cube bands was found not to be sufficient for a correct computational prediction of the cube recrystallization texture. Growth competition at an early stage of recrystallization has to be taken into account for a better agreement between model and experiment, which necessitates a sufficiently refined grid resolution in discrete computer models of recrystallization. Accounting for these dependencies yields an excellent prediction of both the cube component in the recrystallization texture and the grain size distribution. The contribution of cube nucleation apart from cube bands to the cube recrystallization texture was found to be negligible.
Drill-specific head impact exposure in youth football practice
Authors: Campolettano Eamon T. , Rowson Steven , Duma Stefan M. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE
Although 70% of football players in the United States are youth players (6–14 years old), most research on head impacts in football has focused on high school, collegiate, or professional populations. The objective of this study was to identify the specific activities associated with high-magnitude (acceleration > 40g) head impacts in youth football practices.

METHODS
A total of 34 players (mean age 9.9 ± 0.6 years) on 2 youth teams were equipped with helmet-mounted accelerometer arrays that recorded head accelerations associated with impacts in practices and games. Videos of practices and games were used to verify all head impacts and identify specific drills associated with each head impact.

RESULTS
A total of 6813 impacts were recorded, of which 408 had accelerations exceeding 40g (6.0%). For each type of practice drill, impact rates were computed that accounted for the length of time that teams spent on each drill. The tackling drill King of the Circle had the highest impact rate (95% CI 25.6–68.3 impacts/hr). Impact rates for tackling drills (those conducted without a blocker [95% CI 14.7–21.9 impacts/hr] and those with a blocker [95% CI 10.5–23.1 impacts/hr]) did not differ from game impact rates (95% CI 14.2–21.6 impacts/hr). Tackling drills were observed to have a greater proportion (between 40% and 50%) of impacts exceeding 60g than games (25%). The teams in this study participated in tackling or blocking drills for only 22% of their overall practice times, but these drills were responsible for 86% of all practice impacts exceeding 40g.

CONCLUSIONS
In youth football, high-magnitude impacts occur more often in practices than games, and some practice drills are associated with higher impact rates and accelerations than others. To mitigate high-magnitude head impact exposure in youth football, practices should be modified to decrease the time spent in drills with high impact rates, potentially eliminating a drill such as King of the Circle altogether.
The cardiovascular impact of intense eccentric isokinetic exercise versus aerobic treadmill running
Authors: Le Goff Caroline , Kaux Jean-François , Laurent Terry , Vannuscorps Julien , Seidel Laurence , Rodriguez de la Cruz Carlos , Forthomme Bénédicte , Bury Thierry , Chapelle Jean-Paul , Cavalier Etienne , Croisier Jean-Louis 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity is an important health factor, but intense physical stress can increase the risk of heart disease. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine the potential cardiac repercussions of, and the oxidative stress resulting from a maximal eccentric isokinetic exercise and a 1-hour treadmill run at 75% [Formula: see text] O2 max (maximal exercise done 6 weeks before). METHODS: Twelve young sedentary healthy subjects randomly performed two tests separated by 6 weeks: 1) 3 sets of 30 maximal eccentric isokinetic contractions of the quadriceps; 2) a 1-hour running on treadmill at 75%[Formula: see text] O2max max. We drew blood samples just before each exercise (T1), and just after (T2), 3 hours after (T3), and 24 hours after (T4) the end of each exercise to measure cardiac and oxidative stress biomarkers. RESULTS: In the running group, we observed significant differences for myoglobin (T3: 145 ± 80 μ g/L), creatinine kinase(T4: 593 ± 350 mg/L), oxidized glutathione (T2: 22 ± 15.6 μmol/L), and highly sensitive cardiac troponin T, (T3: 0.051 ± 0.038 ng/mL). In the isokinetic group, we observed significant differences for myoglobin (T3:1419 ± 2533 mg/L), creatine kinase (3303 ± 7159 mg/L), and oxidized glutathione (T4:24 ± 14 μ mol/L). Between isokinetic exercise and running, we observed significant differences for uric acid(p< 0.05, running > eccentric), myoglobin (p< 0.05, ditto), NT-proBNP (p< 0.05, ditto), hsTnT (p< 0.01, ditto), and oxidized glutathione(p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As cardiac biomarkers appear practically unmodified after the isokinetic exercise, despite the considerable oxidative stress, we suggest that the application of intense maximal eccentric isokinetic exercise, when indicated, should be safe for most patients including those whose cardiac status is unknown. On the other hand, the increase in cardiac biomarkers observed after running, could reflect leakage of these biomarkers from the cytosolic pool of cardiac cells, linked to membrane damage, rather than the result of a major injury and hence running is supposed to be a safe practice. However, since sudden death during running has been previously described, assesment of the cardiac biomarkers and a follow-up by a sport doctor is important especially if there is a cardiac family history.
Influence of an eight-week core strength training program on respiratory muscle fatigue following incremental exercise
Authors: Özdal Mustafa 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Respiratory muscles are important for exercise tolerance. Respiratory muscle fatigue (RMF) has a negative influence on exercise performance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a core strength training (CST) program on the RMF following incremental exercise. METHODS: Thirty male volleyball players participated in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups as experimental group (EG, n = 15) and control group (CG, n = 15). An eight-week CST program was implemented in the EG. The CG subjects participated in their respective sport training routine. The maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) was measured twice at the baseline and endline incremental exercise both before (pre-test) and after(post-test) the eight weeks. A reduction in the MIP between the baseline and endline incremental exercise was considered to be indicative of the RMF. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in the MIP at the baseline and endline between the pre- and post-tests of both groups (p < 0.05). An increment in the MIP was found at the baseline between the pre- and post-tests in the EG (p < 0.05). There was no change in the RMF between the pre- and post-tests in the CG (p > 0.05). A significant decrease in the RMF was observed between the pre- and post- tests in the EG after the eight-week CST program (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These variations indicate that core strength training may positively affect both the strength and fatigue of respiratory muscles.
The effects of worksite exercises on physical capabilities of workers in an industry of a developing country: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Sertel Meral , Üçsular Ferda Dokuztuğ , Uğurlu Ümit 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Worksite exercise to promote health is a relatively new concept in the industries of developing countries. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the first-time feasibilities and effects of worksite exercises on physical capabilities of workers in an industry with limited sport facilities. METHODS: A randomized controlled-study was conducted. Ninety-one female workers were randomly assigned to one of the three study groups: two exercise groups and a control group. The workers in the exercise groups participated in group exercises 3 times per week. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), the level of hand skill, and hand grip strengths of the workers were measured before and after the 8-week intervention. RESULTS: Approximately 75% of the workers (n= 68) completed the study. Adherence was higher in the exercise groups. Overall, no improvement was observed in the control group. VO2max increased in both exercise groups (p< 0.05) but no difference was recorded between the groups. The level of hand skill was the least affected in all groups. Strengthening exercises conducted with elastic bands were superior to the repetitive movements in terms of strength gains. CONCLUSION: Exercises capable of improving physical fitness and strength can be integrated into the usual workflow of an industrial workplace with minimal cost. Ensuring sport facilities and instruments during all working hours may improve adherence to worksite exercises.
Strength ratios are affected by years of experience in American collegiate rugby athletes: A preliminary study
Authors: Beyer Kyle S. , Fukuda David H. , Miramonti Amelia M. , Church David D. , Tanigawa Satoru , Stout Jeffrey R. , Hoffman Jay R. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Hamstring:quadriceps ratios (HQRs) have been studied as potential markers for an athlete's risk of injury, but little is known about how sport-specific experience affects HQRs. OBJECTIVE: This study compared isokinetic and isotonic strength measures, including determining HQRs, between American collegiate male rugby athletes with at least two years of experience (XP; n= 10) and those with less than two years of experience (IN; n= 14). METHODS: Isokinetic concentric (ConH) and eccentric (EccH) hamstring and concentric only quadriceps (ConQ) strength was measured at 60 and 180°/s. The strength ratio: Hcon/Qcon (HQR), was calculated for both velocities, HQR60, HQR180, while the strength ratio: Hecc/Qcon, the dynamic control ratio (DCR), was likewise calculated, DCR60 and DCR180. The isotonic strength was assessed via squat 1-repetition maximum. Analysis of covariance was used to examine differences between IN and XP while body weight and age served as the covariates. RESULTS: No significant differences were noted between groups in isokinetic or isotonic strength. However, a significant difference was observed in DCR60 (p = 0.047) between the two groups, with XP (0.94 ± 0.11) being greater than IN (0.81 ± 0.16). CONCLUSIONS: In view of the preliminary nature of this study, the implication of this finding is yet obscure. However, given the role of the DCR in an underlying proneness to injury, we suggest that a more comprehensive study with a substantial follow-up period is undertaken for uncovering the potential importance of this ratio vis-à-vis other major functional parameters as well as injury prediction and assessment of rehabilitation.
Muscle oxygenation in response to high intensity interval exercises among high trained judokas
Authors: Kujach Sylwester , Ziemann Ewa , Grzywacz Tomasz , Luszczyk Marcin , Smaruj Miroslaw , Dzedzej Anna , Laskowski Radoslaw 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Typical judo exercise consists of many acyclic, intermittent activity involving different types of muscle contractions, which makes monitoring judo trainings' process effectiveness challenging. The following study applied the near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) as a diagnostic tool in highly-trained judo athletes during an interval exercise, simulating the intermittent physical activity of a judo match. It was also designed to examine, whether muscle oxygenation, cardio-respiratory fitness capacity, and acid-base status differs between female (FJT) and male (MJT) athletes. METHODS: Judokas completed the same exercise protocol - a triple Wingate test separated by 4-minute rests. Before, directly after each WAnT as well as 15 minutes and 1 hour after the third WAnT, blood lactate (LA) and acid-base balance were determined. During the testing session the breath-by-breath pulmonary gas exchange method was used. RESULTS: Recorded values of concentration changes in oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) and absolute measure of O2Hb saturation represented as tissue oxygenation index (TOI) revealed significant differences between groups (p≤ 0.05). Significant differences among cardio-respiratory factors were only noted between minute ventilation, and respiratory exchange ratio. Differences in blood lactate, HCO3 - , and arterial pH were noted after the second and third test as well as 15 minutes after the protocol's completion. CONCLUSION: Collected data indicate that muscle oxygenation during the supramaximal exercise differed between genders, likely due to the influence of blood lactate accumulation on oxygen unloading and reduction in blood flow. Using NIRS, metabolic differences between groups were non-invasively determined, with the recorded data confirming the significance of an aerobic metabolism in judo, even during high-intensity exercise.
Automatic Classification on Multi-Modal MRI Data for Diagnosis of the Postural Instability and Gait Difficulty Subtype of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Gu Quanquan , Zhang Huan , Xuan Min , Luo Wei , Huang Peiyu , Xia Shunren , Zhang Minming 
Published: August 2016

Background: Patients with the postural instability and gait difficulty subtype (PIGD) of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are a refractory challenge in clinical practice. Despite previous attempts that have been made at studying subtype-specific brain alterations across PD population, conclusive neuroimaging biomarkers on patients with the PIGD subtype are still lacking. Machine learning-based classifications are a promising tool for differential diagnosis that effectively integrate complex and multivariate data. Objective: Our present study aimed to introduce the machine learning-based automatic classification for the first time to distinguish patients with the PIGD subtype from those with the non-PIGD subtype of PD at the individual level. Methods: Fifty-two PD patients and forty-five normal controls (NCs) were recruited and underwent multi-modal MRI scans including a set of resting-state functional, 3D T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging sequences. By comparing the PD patients with the NCs, features that were not conducive to the subtype-specific classification were ruled out from massive brain features. We applied a support vector machine classifier with the recursive feature elimination method to multi-modal MRI data for selecting features with the best discriminating power, and evaluated the proposed classifier with the leave-one-out cross-validation. Results: Using this classifier, we obtained satisfactory diagnostic rates (accuracy = 92.31%, specificity = 96.97%, sensitivity = 84.21% and AUCmax  = 0.9585). The diagnostic agreement evaluated by the Kappa test showed an almost perfect agreement with the existing clinical categorization (Kappa value = 0.83). Conclusions: With these favorable results, our findings suggested the machine learning-based classification as an alternative technique to classifying clinical subtypes in PD.
The Relationship between the Experience of Hypomimia and Social Wellbeing in People with Parkinson’s Disease and their Care Partners
Authors: Gunnery Sarah D. , Habermann Barbara , Saint-Hilaire Marie , Thomas Cathi A. , Tickle-Degnen Linda 
Published: August 2016

Background: Though hypomimia, also called facial masking, is experienced by many people with Parkinson’s disease (PD), little is known about how the experience of this motor impairment relates to their own and their care partners’ (CP) social life and relationship quality. Objective: To test if the experience of facial masking relates to social wellbeing in people with PD and their CPs. Method: Forty individuals with PD and their CPs rated PD’s difficulty showing facial expression (facial masking), and completed questionnaires about their own social wellbeing and depression. Results: PD-reported and CP-reported facial masking of PD were positively correlated with experience of social rejection in both partners, though this relationship was diminished when controlling for depression. CPs’ rating of their partner’s facial masking was negatively associated with enjoyment interacting with their partner. This relationship remained when controlling for CP and PD depression. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the experience of facial masking is negatively associated with social wellbeing particularly for the CPs, and especially so for the quality of CPs interpersonal relationship with their partner with PD.
Potential Benefit of Singing for People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Barnish Jean , Atkinson Rachel A. , Barran Susannah M. , Barnish Maxwell S. 
Published: August 2016

Background: There is evidence that participation in performing arts brings psychosocial benefits in the general population and in recent years there has been substantial interest in the potential therapeutic benefit of performing arts, including singing, for people with chronic medical conditions including those of neurological aetiology. Objective: To systematically review the existing body of evidence regarding the potential benefit of singing on clinical outcomes of people with PD. Methods: Seven online bibliographic databases were systematically searched in January 2016 and supplementary searches were conducted. Full-text original peer-reviewed scientific papers that investigated the potential benefit of singing on at least one of speech, functional communication, cognitive status, motor function and quality of life in human participants with PD were eligible for inclusion. Results: 449 unique records were identified, 25 full-text articles were screened and seven studies included in the review. All seven studies assessed the impact of singing on speech, five found partial evidence of benefit and two found no evidence of benefit. One study assessed each of functional communication and quality of life and no significant benefit was found. No included study assessed the impact of singing on motor function or cognitive status. Conclusions: Singing may benefit the speech of people with PD, although evidence is not unequivocal. Further research is required to assess wider benefits including on functional communication, cognitive status, motor function and quality of life. Substantial methodological limitations were identified in the existing literature. Recommendations are made for advancing the state of the literature.
Suitability of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Johnson Andrew R. , Lawrence Blake J. , Corti Emily J. , Booth Leon , Gasson N. , Thomas Meghan G. , Loftus A.M. , Bucks Romola S. 
Published: August 2016

Background: The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale –21 (DASS-21) is a frequently used measure of emotional disturbance symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the factor structure of the DASS-21 in PD has yet to be explored. Objective: To assess whether the scale is measuring these symptoms in PD in the same way as the general population. Methods: The present study fit a series of established DASS-21 factor structures with both confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) using data from 251 participants with PD. Results: The 3-factor ESEM provided the best fit. The depression and stress scales fit well, however, few items on the anxiety subscale loaded clearly, with several items significantly loading onto the depression or stress factors. Conclusions: Whilst the depression and stress subscales appear suitable in PD, poor loadings and internal consistency indicate the anxiety subscale may not accurately assess anxiety symptomology in PD. This may be due to the scale’s reliance on physiological symptoms as indicators of anxiety, when many of these are present in PD. Thus, the anxiety subscale of the DASS-21 may not be a suitable measure of anxiety in PD.
Efficacy of Rotigotine at Different Stages of Parkinson’s Disease Symptom Severity and Disability: A Post Hoc Analysis According to Baseline Hoehn and Yahr Stage
Authors: Giladi Nir , Nicholas Anthony P. , Asgharnejad Mahnaz , Dohin Elisabeth , Woltering Franz , Bauer Lars , Poewe Werner 
Published: August 2016

Background: The efficacy of rotigotine has been demonstrated in studies of patients with early (i.e. not receiving levodopa) and advanced (i.e. not adequately controlled on levodopa; average 2.5 h/day in ‘off’ state) Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective: To further investigate the efficacy of rotigotine transdermal patch across different stages of PD symptom severity and functional disability, according to baseline Hoehn and Yahr (HY) staging. Methods: Post hoc analysis of six placebo-controlled studies of rotigotine in patients with early PD (SP506, SP512, SP513; rotigotine ≤8 mg/24 h) or advanced-PD (CLEOPATRA-PD, PREFER, SP921; rotigotine ≤16 mg/24 h). Data were pooled and analyzed according to baseline HY stage (1, 2, 3 or 4) for change from baseline to end of maintenance in Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) II (activities of daily living), UPDRS III (motor) and UPDRS II+III; statistical tests are exploratory. Results: Data were available for 2057 patients (HY 1 : 262; HY 2 : 1230; HY 3 : 524; HY 4 : 41). Patients at higher HY stages were older, had a longer time since PD diagnosis and higher baseline UPDRS II+III scores vs patients at lower HY stages. Rotigotine improved UPDRS II+III versus placebo for each individual HY stage ( p < 0.05 for each HY stage), with treatment differences increasing with increasing HY stages. Similar results were observed for UPDRS II and UPDRS III. Conclusions: This post hoc analysis suggests that rotigotine may be efficacious across a broad range of progressive stages of PD symptom severity and functional disability (HY stages 1–4).
Classification of Scans Without Evidence of Dopamine Deficit (SWEDD) According to the Olfactory Function
Authors: Oh Yoon-Sang , Choi Ji Ho , Kwon Do-Young 
Published: August 2016

Background: Scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD), a heterogeneous disorder, refers to patients with normal dopamine transporter scan presumed to have Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although clinically hard to discriminate, it is important to differentiate SWEDD from PD in the early stage of disease in practice. Olfactory dysfunction is a sensitive biomarker of neurodegeneration. A considerable number of SWEDD patients show abnormal olfaction. We investigated the olfaction and non-motor symptoms in SWEDD, PD, and healthy controls. A subgroup analysis of SWEDD by olfactory function was also conducted. Methods: This study enrolled 40 SWEDD, 28 PD, and 26 healthy controls. The Korean version of Sniffin’s stick test II (KVSS II) and the Korean version of non-motor symptoms scale for PD (K-NMSS) were used to evaluate olfaction and non-motor symptoms. Patients with SWEDD were categorized into normal olfaction (SWEDD-N) and olfactory dysfunction (SWEDD-D) subgroups. Results: Overall KVSS II scores of SWEDD group was distinctive when compared to those of PD or controls. K-NMSS scores were increased in PD compared to those in SWEDD or controls. In subgroup analysis, KVSS II scores in SWEDD-D were similar to those in PD. K-NMSS scores in SWEDD-D were also significantly higher than those in SWEDD-N but lower than those in PD. Conclusions: Olfactory dysfunction could be a biomarker to differentiate SWEDD from PD. Non-motor symptoms differed between the two SWEDD subgroups classified by olfaction. These findings suggest that the underlying pathophysiology of SWEDD with normal olfaction and olfactory dysfunction might be different.