bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VvbHLH036, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor regulates the cold tolerance of grapevine
Authors: Hou Yujun , Wong Darren Chern Jan , Sun Xiaoming , Li Qingyun , Zhou Huimin , Meng Lin , Liao Xiaoli , Liang Zhenchang , Aryal Rishi , Wang Qingfeng , Xin Haiping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cold stress is an adverse environmental factor that limits the growth and productivity of horticulture crops such as grapes (Vitis vinifera). In this study, we identified a grapevine cold-induced basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (VvbHLH036). Overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout (KO) of VvbHLH036 enhanced and decreased cold tolerance in grapevine roots, respectively. Transcriptome analysis of VvbHLH036-overexpressed roots identified threonine synthase (VvThrC1) as a potential downstream target of VvbHLH036. We confirmed that VvbHLH036 could bind the VvThrC1 promoter and activate its expression. Both the transcripts of VvThrC1 and the content of threonine were significantly induced in the leaves and roots of grapevine under cold treatment compared to controls. Conversely, these dynamics were significantly suppressed in the roots of CRISPR/Cas9-induced KO of VvbHLH036. These observations support the regulation of threonine accumulation by VvbHLH036 through VvThrC1 during cold stress in grapevine. Furthermore, overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated KO of VvThrC1 also confirmed its role in regulating threonine content and cold tolerance in transgenic roots at low temperature. Exogenous threonine treatment increased cold tolerance and reduced the accumulation of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide in grapevine leaves. Together, these findings point to the pivotal role of VvbHLH036 and VvThrC1 in the cold stress response in grapes by regulating threonine biosynthesis.
Metrological Uncertainties in the Integrated Luminosity Measurement with the Updated Design of a Detector at CEPC
Authors: Smiljanić Ivan , Božović Ivanka , Kačarević Goran 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In order to measure integrated luminosity with the required precision of $10^{-4}$ at the $Z^0$ pole, the proposed CEPC $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider requires a luminometer, a specially designed calorimeter placed in the very forward region to identify Bhabha scattering at low polar angles. Usually, such a device is placed at the outgoing beams, to keep the spatial symmetries of the head-on collisions at accelerators with a nonzero crossing angle. At CEPC it is currently proposed to place the luminometer on the z-axis. We review the feasibility of measurement of the integrated luminosity at the $Z^{0}$ pole with the required precision, focusing on the luminometer centered around the z-axis and the post-CDR beam properties.
Firms and Labor in Times of Violence: Evidence from the Mexican Drug War
Authors: Utar Hale 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the impact of violence resulting from drug trafficking on manufacturing firms in an emerging economy. By utilizing comprehensive longitudinal data spanning all of Mexico from 2005 to 2010, and employing an instrumental variable strategy that leverages plausibly exogenous spatiotemporal variations in the homicide rate during the outbreak of drug violence, the analysis reveals a significant negative effect of violence on plant output, employment, product scope, and capacity utilization. The negative effect on employment is entirely driven by blue-collar employment and concentrated among low-wage, female-intensive firms. Further, consistent with a violent-environment-induced blue-collar labor-supply shock, the results show positive effects on blue-collar wages and negative effects on white-collar wages at the firm level. Output resilience to violence is also shown to be lower among labor-intensive, domestically selling and sourcing, less diversified firms. These findings show the rise of drug violence has a significant negative effect on development of domestic industrial capability in Mexico and shed light on the characteristics of the most affected firms and the channels through which they are affected.
The role of neutrophil extracellular traps in inflammatory rheumatic diseases
Authors: Hanata Norio , Kaplan Mariana J. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
Dysregulation in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and degradation has been reported in several inflammatory rheumatic diseases. This review summarizes the recent advances in the understanding the role of NETs in the context of inflammatory rheumatic diseases.

Recent findings
NET formation is enhanced in peripheral blood of patients with large vessel vasculitis and polymyalgia rheumatica. NETs are detected in affected organs in autoimmune conditions, and they might play pathological roles in tissues. Several understudied medications and supplements suppress NET formation and ameliorate animal models of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. NETs and anti-NET antibodies have potential utility as disease biomarkers.

Summary
Growing evidence has suggested the contribution of NET dysregulation to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Further research is warranted in regard to clinical impact of modulating aberrant NET formation and clearance in inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
Enhanced Disease-Specific Survival Among Individuals With Malignant Adnexal Tumors of the Skin Treated With Mohs Surgery: A National Database Study
Authors: Taylor Mitchell A. , Swedek Michelle , Halloran Peter , Georgesen Corey , Voss Vanessa B. , Wysong Ashley 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Malignant adnexal tumors of the skin are a rare group of tumors that can be locally aggressive and require surgical excision with strict margin control to achieve clearance. Given the rarity of these tumors, there is a limited understanding within the medical community regarding optimal treatment approaches.

OBJECTIVE
To examine surgical management trends and outcomes for patients diagnosed with cutaneous adnexal tumors from 2000 to 2020.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried to identify biopsy-proven cases of cutaneous adnexal tumors between 2000 and 2020. Clinical and disease characteristics were examined, and disease-specific survivals were compared between surgical approaches using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS
Mohs surgery demonstrated a significant increase in utilization from 2000 to 2020 (+447.1%) and improvements in disease-specific survival (mean 231.7 months; p < .001) compared with no surgery; wide local excision exhibited no improved disease-specific survival (227.7 months; p = .070). Multivariable Cox regression further highlighted that only Mohs surgery exhibited a reduced disease-specific mortality risk compared with no surgery (adjusted HR 0.49; p = .011).

CONCLUSION
Given the enhanced disease-specific survival coupled with tissue preservation strategies, Mohs surgery emerges as a promising surgical approach for the treatment of malignant adnexal tumors of the skin.
Exploring the bioactive substances and mechanisms of Chuanxiong Rhizoma treating acute lung injury based on combined network pharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological investigations
Authors: Xu Lintao , Cheng Xinping , Hu Qingwen , Peng Guangcheng , Qi Xinyu , Zhao Yu , Wang Xiaoning , Xu Zhenpeng , Shen Tao 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a high-fatality respiratory disease, and the development of new therapeutic agents is ongoing. Chuanxiong Rhizoma has been prescribed for the therapy of ALI in traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective:
The purpose of this article is to explore the effective ingredients, targets, and mechanisms in the treatment of Chuanxiong Rhizoma on ALI.

Methods:
The active ingredients of Chuanxiong Rhizoma were obtained in the TCMSP, and their potential targets and ALI targets were predicted in TCMSP, Swiss target prediction, and Genecards database. A PPI network was constructed in the string online platform, and KEGG and GO enrichment analysis were conducted in the metascape online platform. Phytochemical investigation of Chuanxiong Rhizoma was performed with chemical separation methods and structural elucidation techniques, and their pharmacological effects were evaluated using LPS-induced mouse ALI model and cell-based assays.

Results:
Network pharmacology analyses indicated that the treatment of Chuanxiong Rhizoma on ALI was associated with its anti-inflammatory effect. The key genes mainly include TNF, STAT3, EGFR, AKT1, BCL2, CASP3, and SRC, and the active compounds are its signature component, phthalides. Phytochemical investigation led to the elucidation of 23 phthalides, which demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo. Of which, chuanxiongdiolide A, levistilide A, butylphthalide, and senkyunolide A were indeed effective in mitigating ALI in an LPS-induced mouse model.

Conclusions:
The combined network pharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological investigations revealed that the therapeutical effect of Chuanxiong Rhizoma against ALI was associated with inhibition of the inflammatory response by phthalides.
Deep learning aided measurement of outer retinal layer metrics as biomarkers for inherited retinal degenerations: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Pennesi Mark E. , Wang Yi-Zhong , Birch David G. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review was to provide a summary of currently available retinal imaging and visual function testing methods for assessing inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs), with the emphasis on the application of deep learning (DL) approaches to assist the determination of structural biomarkers for IRDs.

Recent findings
(clinical trials for IRDs; discover effective biomarkers as endpoints; DL applications in processing retinal images to detect disease-related structural changes)

Summary
Assessing photoreceptor loss is a direct way to evaluate IRDs. Outer retinal layer structures, including outer nuclear layer, ellipsoid zone, photoreceptor outer segment, RPE, are potential structural biomarkers for IRDs. More work may be needed on structure and function relationship.
Artificial intelligence applications in cataract and refractive surgeries
Authors: Rampat Radhika , Debellemanière Guillaume , Gatinel Damien , Ting Darren S.J. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of reviewThis review highlights the recent advancements in the applications of artificial intelligence within the field of cataract and refractive surgeries. Given the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence technologies, it is essential to provide an updated overview of the significant strides and emerging trends in this field.Recent findingsKey themes include artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostics and intraoperative support, image analysis for anterior segment surgeries, development of artificial intelligence-based diagnostic scores and calculators for early disease detection and treatment planning, and integration of generative artificial intelligence for patient education and postoperative monitoring.SummaryThe impact of artificial intelligence on cataract and refractive surgeries is becoming increasingly evident through improved diagnostic accuracy, enhanced patient education, and streamlined clinical workflows. These advancements hold significant implications for clinical practice, promising more personalized patient care and facilitating early disease detection and intervention. Equally, the review also highlights the fact that only some of this work reaches the clinical stage, successful integration of which may benefit from our focus.
Effectiveness of cascade screening for elevated lipoprotein(a), an underdiagnosed family disorder
Authors: Annink Maxim E. , Janssen Emma S. , Reeskamp Laurens F. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
Elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a prevalent, independent, genetic risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Though crucial for adequate risk assessment, detection of individuals at increased risk because of elevated Lp(a) is severely lacking in practice. In this light, several consensus statements have recommended familial cascade screening strategies to increase detection of elevated Lp(a). This review aims to synthesize findings from recent research into the effectiveness of cascade screening for elevated Lp(a).

Recent findings
Cascade screening is an effective method for identifying individuals with elevated Lp(a) and is superior to opportunistic screening. Cascade screening identifies approximately one new case of elevated Lp(a) ≥ 125 nmol/L for every two first-degree relatives screened. The number needed to screen (NNS) ranged from 1.3 to 2.9, depending on Lp(a) threshold values and selected population.

Summary
Cascade screening appears to be a promising strategy for identifying individuals with elevated Lp(a). However, several challenges persist regarding the implementation of this strategy in clinical practice. Deciding on threshold values for initiating cascade screening, considering the implications of ethnicity-related variability of Lp(a) levels, and further research into the clinical relevance of cascade screening are crucial steps. Understanding these factors will be essential for optimizing cascade screening protocols and enhancing its effectiveness in clinical practice.
Cost-effectiveness of Operative Intervention for Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm
Authors: Smith Savannah R. , Sarmiento Juan M. 
Published: September 2024

Objectives
Small mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) of the pancreas are managed with operative resection in otherwise healthy patients; however, postoperative diabetes development is not considered in recommendations for resection.

Materials and Methods
Via probabilistic microsimulation Markov modeling, we assessed clinical and economic implications of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) versus surveillance for non-diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with suspected MCN of 2 cm without high-risk or worrisome features. Primary outcomes included quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), medical costs (2021 USD), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. We conducted sensitivity analyses to evaluate the robustness of our model to changes in input parameters. All analyses were repeated for a population with pre-DM.

Results
Surveillance resulted in 6.52 QALYs and $61,200, while LDP accumulated 6.12 QALYs and $63,700. Almost 20% of the LDP cohort developed DM over the first 10 years, compared with 11% of the surveillance cohort. In a pre-DM cohort, LDP remained dominated in the base case, with over 40% developing DM postoperatively. In sensitivity analyses, surveillance remained the preferred strategy in most iterations for both cohorts.

Conclusions
Surveillance for small suspected MCNs without high-risk features is the preferred strategy from a clinical and economic standpoint. Consensus guidelines should consider the long-term implications of postoperative diabetes development after LDP.
Nurse-Led Interventions in Managing Cancer-Related Fatigue
Authors: Mazlan Ain Noor Farieha , Tuan Rusli Nabila Afiqah , Wee Lei Hum , Ahmad Mahadir , Chan Caryn Mei Hsien 
Published: September 2024

Background
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is common among patients with cancer. Various interventions have been reported to reduce fatigue, and some evidence suggests that nurse-led interventions may be effective in the management of CRF. A systematic review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of nurse-led interventions for CRF in patients with cancer and survivors.

Objective
The aim of this study was to review and appraise the evidence for the effectiveness of different types of nurse-led interventions on fatigue in patients with cancer and survivors.

Methods
Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were searched to identify studies published from January 2013 to October 2023. The studies that described nurse-led interventions in patients with cancer or survivors regardless of treatment duration, modes of intervention delivery, and any based intervention were included. The studies were excluded if no fatigue was an outcome measure.

Results
Twelve studies from 2013 to 2023 were included and eligible for the review. Nine studies obtained a Jadad score of 3 or more, indicating high quality for the quality assessment. Eleven of the included studies reported a significant effect of the nurse-led interventions in reducing fatigue in patients with cancer or survivors.

Conclusions
Nurse-led interventions that focus on multidisciplinary, exercise, psychological, and behavioral approaches appear promising in the management of CRF. More research is needed in order to determine the most acceptable forms of intervention.

Implications for Practice
The development of evidence-based interventions for managing CRF is significant to nursing practice.
Effects of immunosuppression after limb fracture in mice on nociceptive, cognitive, and anxiety-related outcomes
Authors: Sahbaie Peyman , Guo Tian-Zhi , Shi Xiao-you , Kingery Wade S. , Clark J. David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Chronic pain is a common and problematic consequence of injuries with few proven methods for prevention or treatment. In addition to pain, functional limitations and neuropsychiatric changes such as cognitive impairment and anxiety worsen outcomes.

Objectives:
To determine whether inhibiting activation of the adaptive immune response after limb fracture would reduce pain, functional loss, memory changes, and anxiety.

Methods:
These experiments used a murine tibial fracture/cast immobilization model that develops these adverse outcomes. Adaptive immunity was blocked using the immunosuppressant FK506 beginning at the time of fracture.

Results:
The administration of FK506 reduced mechanical allodynia and hind limb unweighting for weeks after cast removal as well as nonevoked pain measures. Fracture was associated with working memory loss in the Y-maze assay in vehicle- but not FK506-treated mice. Object recognition memory was not improved with FK506 after fracture. Also, vehicle- but not FK506-treated mice developed an anxiety phenotype. Impaired running wheel performance after cast removal over the following 2 weeks was not improved with FK506 administration. In addition, FK506 treatment blocked Immunoglobulin M (IgM) accumulation in the skin of the fractured limbs, and hippocampal enhancement of matrix metalloproteinase-8 expression, a metalloproteinase associated with neuroplastic changes after injuries, was completely blocked.

Conclusion:
Taken together, our results show that blocking the adaptive immune response after limb trauma reduces the severity of nociceptive and biological changes. The same treatment may reduce the adverse consequences of anxiety and memory deficits using some measures, but other measures of memory are not affected, and activity is not enhanced.
CXCR4-Targeted PET Imaging in Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Chavoshi Mohammadreza , Mirshahvalad Seyed Ali , Kohan Andres , Ortega Claudia , Metser Ur , Farag Adam , Kridel Robert , Hodgson David , Bhella Sita , Kukreti Vishal , Veit-Haibach Patrick 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
The aims of this study were to perform a comprehensive review and meta-analyses and to report pooled diagnostic results on CXCR4-targeted PET, particularly considering detection, visualization, and prognostication.

Patients and Methods
This study followed PRISMA-DTA. A systematic search was conducted on major medical literature databases up to March 1, 2024. The search strategy was designed to include CXCR4 PET studies in hematologic malignancies. A random-effects model combined sensitivity values derived from 2-by-2 contingency tables. Pooled means for SUVmax were computed. Analyses were performed by R software.

Results
The initial search resulted in a total of 1428 studies. Ultimately, 18 were eligible for systematic review and meta-analytic calculations. Twelve studies (320 patients) included B-cell lymphoma. The pooled detection rate of CXCR4 PET was 99.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 88.3%–100%). Marginal zone lymphoma was investigated in 5 studies (209 patients), with a pooled sensitivity of 97.6% (95% CI: 79.7%–99.8%). In studies on central nervous system lymphoma, CXCR4 PET demonstrated 100% accuracy at both patient and lesion levels. Also, it demonstrated a significantly higher tumor-to-background ratio than 18F-FDG PET. For multiple myeloma, 5 studies (116 patients) showed a patient-level pooled sensitivity of 77.8% (95% CI: 64.4%–87.2%), whereas 18F-FDG PET had 65.0% (95% CI: 55.2%–73.7%). The pooled SUVmax for CXCR4 PET was 13.6 (95% CI: 9.3–17.8) versus 9.0 (95% CI: 6.3–11.7) for 18F-FDG PET. Additionally, CXCR4 PET-derived parameters were significant predictors of survival in multiple myeloma.

Conclusions
CXCR4 PET can be a helpful imaging tool for evaluating hematologic malignancies, particularly in B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma patients. In specific clinical scenarios, it appears to be superior compared with the current standard-of-care imaging.
A Real-World Experience of Rituximab: A Panacea in Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis in Low- and Middle-Income Settings
Authors: Raja Pritam , Dhamija Kamakshi , Samim M.M. , Saini Jitender , Manjappaiah Mandara Ganganakudige , Kandavel Thennarasu , M Netravathi 
Published: September 2024

Background
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies have received increasing attention in the past few years in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objectives
This study describes the (i) efficacy and safety of rituximab in people living with MS and (ii) assesses clinical and imaging outcomes following rituximab in MS

Method
This is a chart review from the MS registry maintained at the institute from a University Hospital in South India.

Result
Eighty-three (M:F, 26:57) people living with MS received rituximab as immunomodulation between 2007 and 2022 with a median follow-up duration of 18 months. Fifty-nine (71%) were classified as relapsing-remitting MS, 16 (19%) were secondary progressive MS, and 8 (10%) were primary progressive MS. Seventy-two (87%) MS patients did not experience any relapse after receiving rituximab. In relapsing-remitting MS patients, the mean annualized recurrence rate dropped from 1.24 ± 1.19 to 0.16 ± 0.37. Infusion-related reaction occurred in 5 (6% of adverse events), urinary infections in 7 (8.4%), systemic infections in 3 (3%), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred in 1 (1%), and herpes zoster infection in 1 (1%) patient. Mortality was observed in 3 (3.5%) patients. While being on rituximab, 18 (22%) patients had mild COVID-19 illness and they all made complete recovery without any sequalae.

Conclusions
Rituximab is a safe, well-tolerated, easily accessible, inexpensive, and effective therapeutic option for people with MS. Rituximab showed both clinical and radiological improvement after a median follow-up of 1.5 years. None of our patients showed any severe COVID infection nor side effects after receiving COVID vaccination.