bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative surgery is a safe and effective treatment for superficial nonampullary duodenal tumors
Authors: Kyuno Daisuke , Ohno Keisuke , Katsuki Shinichi , Fujita Tomoki , Konno Ai , Murakami Takeshi , Waga Eriko , Takanashi Kunihiro , Kitaoka Keisuke , Komatsu Yuya , Sasaki Kazuaki , Hirata Koichi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe use of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for duodenal neoplasms has increased in recent years, but delayed perforation and bleeding are also known to frequently occur. We present two cases in which duodenal adenoma was successfully treated with laparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative surgery. ESD was combined with laparoscopic seromuscular sutures. The lesions in both cases were located in the second portion of the duodenum. The patients requested resection of the lesion, and we performed laparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative surgery. After the laparoscopic surgeon mobilized the duodenum, the endoscopic surgeon performed ESD for the duodenal tumor without perforation. The laparoscopic surgeon sutured the duodenal wall in the seromuscular layer to strengthen the ulcer bed after ESD. Histopathological studies confirmed that the surgical margins were tumor‐free in both cases. The patients were discharged with no complications. This unique laparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative procedure is a safe and effective method for resecting superficial nonampullary duodenal tumors.
Composition and fatty acid profile of milk from cows supplemented with pressed oilseed cake
Authors: Oliveira Ronaldo Lopes , Neto Severino Gonzaga , de Lima Francisco Helton Sa , de Medeiros Ariosvaldo Nunes , Bezerra Leilson Rocha , Pereira Elzania Sales , Bagaldo Adriana Regina , de Pellegrini Caius Barcellos , Correia Braulio Rocha 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study compared the productive and nutritional parameters of milk from crossbred lactating cows managed on Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania and with a diet supplemented with different pressed oilseed cakes. The supplements used were as follows: peanut cake, sunflower cake and palm kernel cake for replacement of soybean meal. Sixteen cows with an average weight of 544 ± 57 kg and producing 8 ± 1.4 L of milk per day were used in this study. The animals were randomly assigned to the treatments according to a Latin square design repeated over time, with four treatments, 16 animals and four experimental periods. Supplementation of the diet with peanut cake, sunflower cake and palm kernel cake compared with soybean meal in the diet of cows did not affect the average daily production or composition of the milk. The palm kernel cake promoted an increase in lauric fatty acids (C12:0) and palmitoleic acids (C16:1) (5.02 and 1.65%, respectively) compared with peanut cake and sunflower cake (4.13 and 4.01%, respectively). The levels of oleic fatty acids (C18:1) were higher for the sunflower cake and palm kernel cake supplements (26.01 and 25.01%, respectively) compared with peanut cake (23.11%). The replacement of soybean meal with sunflower cake and palm kernel cake improved the nutritional quality of the milk, with lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids and higher concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids, without compromising the production or nutritional composition of the milk. © 2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science
Quality of life after laparoscopic ventral rectopexy
Authors: Tsunoda A. , Takahashi T. , Ohta T. , Kusanagi H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimThis study evaluated continence, constipation and quality of life (QOL) before and after laparoscopic ventral rectopexy (LVR)MethodBetween February 2012 and July 2014, patients who underwent LVR for external rectal prolapse (ERP) and/or rectoanal intussusception (RAI) were prospectively included. A standard questionnaire including the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index (FISI), the Constipation Scoring System (CSS) and QOL instruments (Short‐Form 36 Health Survey, Fecal Incontinence QOL scale, Patient Assessment of Constipation‐QOL) were administered before and after operation. Psychiatric patients and those with dementia were excluded from the study. Defaecography was performed 6 months postoperatively.ResultsFifty‐nine patients were included in the study period and 44 (19 with ERP, 25 with RAI) completed the follow‐up questionnaire and were reviewed after a median of 26 (range 12–42) months. There was no recurrent ERP. Postoperative defaecography showed new‐onset RAI in 6 and persistent RAI in 1. One year after surgery, incontinence was improved in 30/39 patients (77%) and constipation in 19/32 (59%). The FISI scores reduced between preoperative status and 1 year after surgery [32 (13–61) vs 11 (0–33), P < 0.0001]. The CSS scores also reduced [preoperative 12 (5–18) vs 1 year 5 (1–12), P < 0.0001]. Compared with the preoperative scores, almost all of the scale scores on the three kinds of QOL instruments significantly improved over time. The presence of new‐onset or persistent RAI did not have an adverse effect on the improvement of QOL.ConclusionLVR improves both generic and symptom‐specific QOL with good functional results.
What are the consequences of enlarging the extraction site to exteriorize a large specimen during laparoscopic surgery for Crohn's enteritis?
Authors: Duraes L. C. , Stocchi L. , Rottoli M. , Costedio M. M. , Gorgun E. , Kessler H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimThe implications of extraction site enlargement for the removal of large specimens during laparoscopic surgery for Crohn's disease have not been clearly described; such a description is the aim of this study.MethodAn institutional database was queried to identify patients undergoing laparoscopic resection for Crohn's disease through midline incision between 1995 and 2013. Perioperative outcomes were compared among cases completed through their initial extraction site (L), completed after increasing the length of the initial extraction site (IL) for specimen exteriorization, and cases converted to open surgery (C). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed.ResultsOut of 309 patients, 52 required IL and 36 required C. Heavier, older, male patients were more likely to require IL or C. There were no differences in disease behaviour (P = 0.260), procedures performed (P = 0.12) or postoperative morbidity (P = 0.33). IL and L groups had a comparable initial length of hospital stay (LOS), which was shorter than in the C group. While there were no significant differences in causes of readmission (P = 0.31), IL had increased readmission rates compared with L [odds ratio (OR) 2.80, P = 0.021] or C (OR 13.89, P = 0.015). When combining initial and readmission LOS, C and IL groups had comparable overall LOS [median ratio (MR) 1.09, P = 0.57], which was significantly longer than in the L group (MR 1.27, P = 0.02).ConclusionExtraction site enlargement during laparoscopic surgery for enteric Crohn's disease had no impact on primary LOS. However, the shorter initial LOS was offset by increased readmission rates when compared with formal conversion. The threshold to convert in case of anticipated difficulty due to a large specimen should be low.
A size‐age model based on bootstrapping and Bayesian approaches to assess population dynamics of Anguilla anguilla L. in semi‐closed lagoons
Authors: Aschonitis Vassilis G. , Castaldelli Giuseppe , Lanzoni Mattia , Merighi Matteo , Gelli Fernando , Giari Luisa , Rossi Remigio , Fano Elisa A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA size‐age modelling technique is presented for assessing the vital rates, stock and recruitment of eel populations in semi‐closed lagoons with fully monitored migration of silver eels. Data for yellow and silver European eels (Anguilla anguilla L.) were obtained in 2011 from the Comacchio lagoon (Italy). The analysis was performed in three steps: (i) correction of yellow eel data, which are affected by the fyke nets selectivity during samplings, (ii) estimation of survival curve, stock, recruitment and metamorphosis rates of the population (calibration using data from 2011) and (iii) validation of the model using the observed amount of silver eel migrating population of the next year. A bootstrap procedure was used to assess the level of uncertainty for each parameter using the 95% intervals of the highest posterior density distribution HPDD (Bayesian approach). The measured abundance of silver eels was 0.56 ind·ha−1, while the yellow eel abundance and recruitment were estimated by the model for 2011 at 8.77 ind·ha−1 and 5.99 ind. ha−1 respectively. The model performance during validation was satisfactory as the observed total mass of migrating population of 2012 (3777 kg) was inside the 95% HPDD intervals (3197–3839 kg) of model's predictions. The estimated stocks and recruitment were at least ten times lower from the respective estimations of previous studies of 1989 highlighting the crucial conditions of the population. The proposed modelling approach can provide significant information about eel population conditions, facilitating the evaluation of a range of management options in the context of eel conservation plans.
Scale‐dependent Orientation in Movement Paths: A Case Study of an African Viper
Authors: Maritz Bryan , Alexander Graham J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDecisions relating to the orientation of movement by animals and how this translates into movement patterns can occur at multiple spatial scales simultaneously, but this interaction is poorly understood for many groups of animals. Using the tracks left by moving snakes in their sandy habitat, we studied the movement paths of the African snake Bitis schneideri (Namaqua dwarf adder) for evidence of broad‐scale directional persistence and short‐range avoidance of exposure. Although snakes clearly displayed directional persistence, they preferentially moved to nearby shrubs, thereby minimizing exposure to solar and thermal radiation and/or predation. Thus, snakes made decisions relating to orientation at a minimum of two scales, the interaction of which resulted in snakes moving ≈17% (mean straightness index = 0.85) further than the simple broad‐scale straight‐line distance. We assert that the actual path chosen by moving snakes represents a trade‐off of various costs and risks that include risk of predation, exposure to the elements, time and energy expenditure. Our study highlights the need for cognizance of the possibility of the scale dependence of orientation and movement in studies of snake movement, and adds to a growing literature demonstrating previously unrecognized behavioural complexity in snakes.
The Buzz of Drinking on the Wing in Echolocating Bats
Authors: Russo Danilo , Ancillotto Leonardo , Cistrone Luca , Korine Carmi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBats broadcast rapid sequences of echolocation calls, named ‘drinking buzzes’, when they approach water to drink on the wing. So far this phenomenon has received little attention. We recorded echolocation sequences of drinking bats for 12 species, for 11 of which we also recorded feeding buzzes. Based on the different sensorial tasks faced by feeding and drinking bats, we hypothesize that the drinking buzz structure will differ from that of feeding buzzes since unlike the latter drinking buzzes are not designed to detect and track mobile prey. We demonstrated that drinking buzzes are structurally different from feeding buzzes. We show that the buzz‐II phase common in feeding buzzes is absent in drinking buzzes; that is, call frequency is not lowered to broaden sonar beam since the task of drinking does not imply tracking fast‐moving targets. This finding indirectly confirms the role of buzz II in feeding buzzes. Pulse rate in drinking buzzes is also lower than in feeding buzzes, as predicted since the high pulse rate typical of feeding buzzes is important to update rapidly the relative location of moving targets. The most likely function of drinking buzzes is to guide a safe drinking manoeuvre, similar to ‘landing buzzes’ broadcast when bats land on the ground.
Partner Pronoun Use, Communal Coping, and Abstinence during Couple‐Focused Intervention for Problematic Alcohol Use
Authors: Rentscher Kelly E. , Soriano Emily C. , Rohrbaugh Michael J. , Shoham Varda , Mehl Matthias R. 
Published: December 2015

Communal coping—a process in which romantic partners view a problem as ours rather than yours or mine, and take collaborative action to address it —has emerged as an important predictor of health and treatment outcomes. In a study of partners' pronoun use prior to and during couple‐focused alcohol interventions, we examined first‐person plural (we‐talk) and singular (I‐talk) pronouns as linguistic markers of communal coping and behavioral predictors of treatment outcome. Thirty‐three couples in which one partner abused alcohol were selected from a randomized control trial (N = 63) of couple‐focused Cognitive‐Behavioral or Family Systems Therapy if they had unambiguously successful or unsuccessful treatment outcomes (i.e., patient maintained abstinence for 30 days prior to treatment termination or had more than one heavy drinking day in the same period). Pronoun measures for each partner were obtained via computerized text analysis from transcripts of partners' speech, derived from a videotaped pretreatment interaction task and three subsequent therapy sessions. Spouse we‐talk during the intervention (accounting for pretreatment we‐talk), as an index of communal orientation, uniquely predicted successful treatment outcomes. In contrast, both patient and spouse I‐talk during the intervention (accounting for pretreatment I‐talk), as a marker of individualistic orientation, uniquely predicted unsuccessful outcomes, especially when distinguishing active and passive (I vs. me/my) pronoun forms. Results strengthen evidence for the prognostic significance of spouse behavior for patient health outcomes and for communal coping (indexed via pronoun use) as a potential mechanism of change in couple‐focused interventions for health problems.
Brittle fracture assessment of engineering components in the presence of notches: a review
Authors: Ayatollahi M. R. , Torabi A. R. , Rahimi A. S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBrittle fracture of notched components has been widely investigated in recent decades both experimentally and theoretically. This is because of designers' concern about catastrophic failure in notched engineering components made of brittle or quasi‐brittle materials. Up to now, extensive studies have been performed on brittle fracture analysis of engineering components weakened by notches of various features under mode I, mode II, mode III and mixed mode loading conditions. In the present paper, the attempt is made to review the research articles published in the open literature on brittle fracture assessment of notched components by means of notch fracture mechanics concepts. The main focus of this paper is on the stress‐based fracture criteria, which are the basis of authors' experience in recent years.
The Carolingian World through Hagiography
Authors: Gibson Kelly 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHagiographic texts – including the lives of saints, accounts of relic translations, miracle collections, and deeds of abbots and bishops – are plentiful and rich sources for investigating the Carolingian world. The recognition that hagiography offers a great deal of information about the author's time has led scholars to use these texts to shed light on a variety of topics. Hagiography's similarity to history as well as literature means that scholarship on history and literature can contribute to our understanding of hagiography and the world that produced it. Works comparing earlier versions of saints' lives with their Carolingian‐era revisions and investigating hagiography alongside works of other genres have contributed to some of the biggest debates in Carolingian history: the reform of the church, monasticism, and society; the renaissance of learning, the impact of doctrinal controversies, and views of kingship and reactions to political change.
Further diversity of the 5′ promoter region of the MHC class I‐related chain B gene
Authors: Laza‐Briviesca R. , Pearson H. , Saudemont A. , Madrigal J. A. , Cox S. T. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryWe have now found a total of 15 individual MICB promoter sequences, varying by combination of 18 polymorphic positions within the MICB minimal promoter sequence. Sequence‐based typing and cloning characterized the three new 5′ promoter sequences as MICB‐P13, MICB‐P14 and MICB‐P15.
Asylum Provision: A Review of Economic Theories
Authors: Suriyakumaran Anjali , Tamura Yuji 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn recent years, economic theories have been used to examine asylum provision by non‐persecutor countries. Unfortunately, the nature of the analyses makes the results inaccessible to many who are interested in understanding the topic from multidisciplinary perspectives but are unfamiliar with mathematical methods in economics. We communicate the findings of those analyses in a non‐mathematical fashion, thereby contributing to a facilitation of interdisciplinary research on asylum policy.
Sex life and role identity in Taiwanese women during menopause: a qualitative study
Authors: Yang Cheng‐Fang , Kenney Nancy J. , Chang Ting‐Chen , Chang Shiow‐Ru 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimOur goal was to examine Taiwanese women's perspectives on the way menopause affected their sexual behaviour to gain an in‐depth understanding of their experiences during this transition.BackgroundPhysical symptoms associated with menopause may affect women's sexual experiences. Little is known about how menopause‐related changes in sexual behaviour may affect role identity of women living in a modernizing urban culture that is still strongly rooted in traditional beliefs and attitudes.DesignThis was a qualitative study involving face‐to‐face interviews using open‐ended questions.MethodsDuring 2011–2012, eighteen peri or postmenopausal women visiting a medical clinic for gynaecological examinations or treatment were interviewed about their sexual experiences. Responses were analysed for common themes.FindingsFour themes were identified about the effects of menopause on women's sex life: (1) changes in physical responses during sex; (2) the acceptance/non‐acceptance of the current situation; (3) sexual pressure related to their marital role; (4) efforts to improve sexual interest or activity. Menopause‐related physical changes often (but not always) made sexual interactions difficult. But women's responses to the changes varied. Some used sexual discomfort as a reason to avoid sexual intercourse. Others sought to improve their sexual encounters through behavioural modifications or hormone therapy.ConclusionsGiven the variety of reactions to the impact of menopause on sexual behaviour/relationships seen here, it is clear that health professionals need to assess of each woman's specific situation and be prepared to recommend a variety of behavioural or hormonal treatment options.
Vibrating vaginal balls to improve pelvic floor muscle performance in women after childbirth: a protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Oblasser Claudia , McCourt Christine , Hanzal Engelbert , Christie Janice 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimThis paper presents a feasibility trial protocol the purpose of which is to prepare for a future randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of vibrating vaginal pelvic floor training balls for postpartum pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation.BackgroundVibrating vaginal pelvic floor training balls are available in Austria to enhance women's pelvic floor muscles and thus prevent or treat urinary incontinence and other pelvic floor problems following childbirth. Nonetheless, there is currently little empirical knowledge to substantiate their use or assess their relative effectiveness in comparison to current standard care, which involves pelvic floor muscle exercises.DesignSingle blind, randomised controlled feasibility trial with two parallel groups.MethodsIt is planned to recruit 56 postpartum women in Vienna, who will be randomised into one of two intervention groups to use either vibrating vaginal balls or a comparator pelvic floor muscle exercises for 12 weeks. As this is a feasibility study, study design features (recruitment, selection, randomisation, intervention concordance, data collection methods and tools) will be assessed and participants’ views and experiences will be surveyed. Tested outcome measures, collected before and after the intervention, will be pelvic floor muscle performance as reported by participants and measured by perineometry. Descriptive and inferential statistics and content analysis will serve the preparation of the future trial.DiscussionThe results of this feasibility trial will inform the design and conduct of a full randomised controlled trial and provide insight into the experiences of women regarding the interventions and study participation.
The decline in fitness with inbreeding: evidence for negative dominance‐by‐dominance epistasis in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Sharp N. P. , Agrawal A. F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGenetic interactions can play an important role in the evolution of reproductive strategies. In particular, negative dominance‐by‐dominance epistasis for fitness can theoretically favour sex and recombination. This form of epistasis can be detected statistically because it generates nonlinearity in the relationship between fitness and inbreeding coefficient. Measures of fitness in progressively inbred lines tend to show limited evidence for epistasis. However, tests of this kind can be biased against detecting an accelerating decline due to line losses at higher inbreeding levels. We tested for dominance‐by‐dominance epistasis in Drosophila melanogaster by examining viability at five inbreeding levels that were generated simultaneously, avoiding the bias against detecting nonlinearity that has affected previous studies. We find an accelerating rate of fitness decline with inbreeding, indicating that dominance‐by‐dominance epistasis is negative on average, which should favour sex and recombination.
Sibling competition does not exacerbate inbreeding depression in the burying beetleNicrophorus vespilloides
Authors: Pilakouta N. , Sieber D. J. , Smiseth P. T. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInbreeding results from matings between relatives and can cause a reduction in offspring fitness, known as inbreeding depression. Previous work has shown that a wide range of environmental stresses, such as extreme temperatures, starvation and parasitism, can exacerbate inbreeding depression. It has recently been argued that stresses due to intraspecific competition should have a stronger effect on the severity of inbreeding depression than stresses due to harsh physical conditions. Here, we tested whether an increase in the intensity of sibling competition can exacerbate inbreeding depression in the burying beetleNicrophorus vespilloides. We used a 2 × 3 factorial design with offspring inbreeding status (outbred or inbred) and brood size (5, 20, or 40 larvae) as the two factors. We found a main effect of inbreeding status, as inbred larvae had lower survival than outbred larvae, and a main effect of brood size, as larvae in large broods had lower survival and mass than larvae in medium‐sized broods. However, there was no effect of the interaction between inbreeding status and brood size, suggesting that sibling competition did not influence the severity of inbreeding depression. Since we focused on sibling competition within homogeneous broods of either inbred or outbred larvae, we cannot rule out possible effects of sibling competition on inbreeding depression in mixed paternity broods comprising of both inbred and outbred offspring. More information on whether and when sibling competition might influence inbreeding depression can help advance our understanding of the causes underlying variation in the severity of inbreeding depression.