bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fertility Variation and Status Number Between a Base Population and a Seed Orchard of Pinus brutia
Authors: Bilir N. , Kang K.-S. , Zang D. , Lindgren D. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Female, male and total fertility variations were estimated in a base population and a seed orchard derived from the base population in Pinus brutia. Relative status number for gametes (female and male contribution) and zygotes (average of female and male contribution) were estimated based on the fertility variation. Average female and male strobilus production were 229.1 and 1003.3 in the base population, and 98.9 and 244.9 in the seed orchard for combined years, respectively. Positive and significant correlations were found between female and male strobilus production in both base population and seed orchard. The male fertility variation was higher than female fertility variation in the seed orchard, while female fertility variation was higher than male fertility variation in the base population. Coefficients of variations in female and male strobilus production were 0.721 and 0.696 in the base population, and 0.403 and 1.110 in the seed orchard for combined years, respectively. Total fertility variation was 1.41 in the base population and 1.40 in the seed orchard for combined years. The relative status numbers estimated based on the total fertility were 70% of census number in the base population, and 71% in the seed orchard for combined years.
Christianity, the Free Market, and Libertarianism
Authors: Light Christian , Block Walter E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn recent centuries Christians of various denominations have endorsed many different political philosophies that they see as being truly biblical in their approach. Over this time there has been an increasing hostility, by some Christians, towards free markets and political philosophies that hold human liberty as the highest goal such as libertarianism and classical liberalism. This criticism is unwarranted and misplaced as libertarianism and free markets are not only compatible with Christianity, they are also the most biblically sound of all economics systems and political philosophies endorsed by Christians today. Therefore, this paper will argue that Christians of all denominations should endorse free markets and libertarianism if they wish to create a world that follows biblical principles and the teachings of Jesus.
Conciencia Sociolingüística e Hispanismos en un Corpus de Novela Rosa Inglesa
Authors: González Cruz María Isabel 
Published: November 2017

ResumenEste artículo estudia desde una perspectiva sociolingüística una muestra de 14 novelas rosa inglesas que están ambientadas total o parcialmente en las islas Canarias (España). Las obras, que pertenecen a un corpus más amplio, están salpicadas, en mayor o menor medida, de palabras y expresiones en español, ya que algunos personajes son de habla hispana. El objetivo principal del trabajo es mostrar la conciencia sociolingüística de las autoras, mediante la identificación de los mecanismos que estas utilizan para recrear el contexto bilingüe de las novelas y construir la identidad lingüística de los personajes. Tras un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los textos, los datos obtenidos parecen confirmar la existencia de una conciencia sociolingüística que se expresa por medio de estrategias de representación, que incluyen el uso del metalenguaje y del cambio de código. Además, con los hispanismos recopilados aquí iniciaremos las labores de elaboración de un futuro glosario, lo que nos llevará a plantearnos el posible papel de este tipo de textos como canales para la difusión internacional del vocabulario español, dado su gran número de lectores en todo el mundo.
Praktiken des Kinderschutzes im empirischen Blick
Authors: Thole Werner , Marks Svenja , Sehmer Julian 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungFragen, Probleme und Herausforderungen des Kinderschutzes erlangen seit Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts in den öffentlichen, politischen und fachlichen, professionell handlungsfeldbezogenen wie auch disziplinär wissenschaftlichen Diskussionen erneut eine prominente Aufmerksamkeit. Dieser Aufmerksamkeitsgewinn verdankt sicherstenseiner zunehmenden öffentlichen Thematisierung von aktuellen Fällen der Verletzung kindlichen Wohlbefindens in familialen Kontexten (vgl. hierzu u. a. Bühler-Niederberger; Alberth; Eisentraut 2014; Thole; Retkowski; Schäuble 2012; Wolff u. a. 2013),zweitensder Aufdeckung von Verletzungen kindlicher Integrität in Einrichtungen der erzieherischen Hilfe, also in Fürsorgeinstitutionen bis zu Beginn der 1970er Jahre (vgl. u. a. Wensierski 2006; Hafeneger 2011), sowiedrittensdem Bekanntwerden von Praxen der Anwendung sexualisierter Gewalt in pädagogischen Institutionen (vgl. Kappeler 2011; Andresen; Heitmeyer 2012; Thole u. a. 2012). Nachdrücklich erinnern die auf diese Felder sich beziehenden Beiträge daran, dass in den vollzogenen erzieherischen, helfenden und auch pflegerischen Interventionen und Umgangsweisen in öffentlich verantworteten, professionellen wie auch in privaten, familialen Orten nicht durchweg gewaltsuspendierenden und integritätsschützenden pädagogischen und sozialen Praktiken vertraut wird.
Familiale Mechanismen zur Generierung motorischer Leistungen von Kindern im Einschulungsalter
Authors: Schlesinger Torsten , Oelze Janine , Schulz Henry 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Erklärungen zu Unterschieden in den motorischen Leistungen von Kindern verweisen vielfach auf statusspezifische Unterschiede und den daraus resultierenden Benachteiligungen unterer sozialer Statusgruppen. Die folgende Studie verfolgt das Ziel, eine differenziertere Prüfung erklärungsrelevanter familiärer Faktoren vorzunehmen, indem Effekte elterlicher Ressourcen sowie deren bewegungsbezogenen Sozialisationspraktiken (als Folge der variablen Transformation verfügbarer Ressourcen) hinsichtlich der motorischen Leistung ihrer Kinder simultan berücksichtigt werden. Datengrundlage der empirischen Analyse bilden standardisierte Querschnittserhebungen von Chemnitzer Kindern (n = 2 484) im Rahmen der Schuleingangsuntersuchung. Deskriptive Befunde bestätigen zunächst statusspezifische Unterschiede in der motorischen Leistung der Kinder. Allerdings zeigen multivariate Regressionsanalysen zwischen den Statusgruppen, dass der ‚reine‘ Effekt kaum noch zur Differenzierung der motorischen Leistung der Kinder beiträgt, wenn weitere einstellungs- und verhaltensbezogene Variablen einbezogen werden. Betrachtet man die Einflüsse innerhalb der Statusgruppen, so zeigt sich interessanterweise, dass bei den Familien mit niedrigerem Sozialstatus eine höhere Variabilität hinsichtlich bewegungsbezogener Einstellungen und Praktiken besteht.
THE USE OF EUROPEAN FUNDS FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN COASTAL COMMUNES ON THE BALTIC COAST
Authors: Parzych Krzysztof 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The article discusses the use of financial resources from European funds for tourism development in coastal communes on the Baltic Coast in Poland. A detailed analysis of the use of EU funds has been carried out, with particular emphasis on those priorities which are related to the improvement of the tourism attractiveness of coastal communes and to their tourism development. The analyses have been made on the basis of data from the Ministry of Regional Development concerning the allocation of European funds in 2007-13.
Mollusc diversity at pulicat Lagoon (India)
Authors: Ramanibai Ravichandran , Govindan Sivalingam 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
During our routine ecological survey conducted at Pulicat Lagoon, the most diverse class Gastropods comprised of 26 families with 34 species and Bivalvia with 13 families and 17 species were recorded. The most abundant molluscs species was Crassostrea madrasensis, captured between October 2013 − September 2015. Quite a good number of molluscs were washed ashore. The economic value of the shells in the field of cosmetics was raised high recently. Both in terms of aquaculture and market value the attention should be diverted towards their conservation. With few exceptions, the majority of these molluscs were ornamental.
Dengue virus 3 NS5 methyltransferase domain: expression, purification, crystallization and first structural data from microcrystalline specimens
Authors: Valmas Alexandros , Fili Stavroula , Nikolopoulos Nikos , Spiliopoulou Maria , Christopoulou Magdalini , Karavassili Fotini , Kosinas Christos , Bastalias Konstantinos , Rosmaraki Eleftheria , Lichiére Julie , Fitch Andrew , Beckers Detlef , Degen Thomas , Papageorgiou Nicolas , Canard Bruno , Coutard Bruno , Margiolaki Irene 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Flavivirus infections often provoke life-threatening diseases of epidemic magnitudes, thus extensive research is currently directed towards the development of efficient vaccines and approved antiviral compounds. We present here the expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of one of the components of the flavivirus replication complex, the non-structural protein 5 (NS5) mRNA methyltransferase (MTase) domain, from an emerging pathogenic flavivirus, dengue virus 3 (DEN3). Polycrystalline precipitates of DEN3 NS5 MTase, suitable for X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) measurements, were produced in the presence of PEG 8000 (25–32.5% (w/v)), 0.1 M Tris-Amino, in a pH range from 7.0 to 8.0. A polymorph of orthorhombic symmetry (space group: P21212, a=61.9 Å, b=189.6 Å, c=52.4 Å) was identified via XRPD. These results are the first step towards the complete structural determination of this molecule via XRPD and a parallel demonstration of the applicability of the method.
Solitons, Lie Group Analysis and Conservation Laws of a (3+1)-Dimensional Modified Zakharov-Kuznetsov Equation in a Multicomponent Magnetised Plasma
Authors: Du Xia-Xia , Tian Bo , Chai Jun , Sun Yan , Yuan Yu-Qiang 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate a (3+1)-dimensional modified Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation, which describes the nonlinear plasma-acoustic waves in a multicomponent magnetised plasma. With the aid of the Hirota method and symbolic computation, bilinear forms and one-, two- and three-soliton solutions are derived. The characteristics and interaction of the solitons are discussed graphically. We present the effects on the soliton’s amplitude by the nonlinear coefficients which are related to the ratio of the positive-ion mass to negative-ion mass, number densities, initial densities of the lower- and higher-temperature electrons and ratio of the lower temperature to the higher temperature for electrons, as well as by the dispersion coefficient, which is related to the ratio of the positive-ion mass to the negative-ion mass and number densities. Moreover, using the Lie symmetry group theory, we derive the Lie point symmetry generators and the corresponding symmetry reductions, through which certain analytic solutions are obtained via the power series expansion method and the (G′/G) expansion method. We demonstrate that such an equation is strictly self-adjoint, and the conservation laws associated with the Lie point symmetry generators are derived.
Overcrowded aminophospanitrenes: a case study
Authors: Tirrée Jürgen , Ruban Alexander V. , Nieger Martin , Li Claudia , Nyulászi László , Niecke Edgar 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn a search for stable phosphinonitrenes generated by thermally induced decomposition of the azidophosphines8a,b, different cyclodiphosp(V)azene products were generated. While in the case of8athe expected phosphinonitrene dimer10could be obtained, from8b, which has the sterically more demanding TMP substituents, product11, was obtained and characterized. DFT calculations have revealed that the primarily formed phosphinonitrene9bis unstable against loss of TMP˙, and the resulting radical dimerizes to the biradicaloid 1,3-diaza-2,4-diphosphetane-2,4-diyl13. Compound13then dimerizes after ring opening, yielding in the ring system, which provides the final product upon reaction with the starting azidophosphine.
On the structure of the P-iodo-, bromo- and chloro-bis(imino)phosphoranes: A DFT study
Authors: Schoeller Wolfgang W. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
As demonstrated by DFT calculations, the bonding situation of P-iodo, bromo and chloro-bis(imino)phosphoranes XP(NR)2, X=Cl, Br, I, differs from that of conventional amino-bis(imino)phosphoranes (X=NR2). The monomers are highly reactive compounds with relatively small adiabatic singlet-triplet energy differences. They can dimerize by a mutual polarization mechanism between the electropositive iodine center of one monomeric unit and the more electronegative nitrogen centers of the other unit. It causes a slight depletion of p-electron density at iodine and an accumulation at the nitrogen atoms. The polarization induces electrostatic attraction, attenuated by stack formation into a one-dimensional array of monomers. The weak electrostatic binding is strongly superimposed by steric attraction among the bulky substituents of the stack array, which can end up essentially stronger than the electrostatic interaction forces. The factors which govern the dispersion forces are evaluated. The substituent effects for stack formation are studied in detail for the association of two monomers.
MEN1 gene mutation with parathyroid carcinoma: first report of a familial case
Authors: Cinque Luigia , Sparaneo Angelo , Salcuni Antonio S , de Martino Danilo , Battista Claudia , Logoluso Francesco , Palumbo Orazio , Cocchi Roberto , Maiello Evaristo , Graziano Paolo , Hendy Geoffrey N , Cole David E C , Scillitani Alfredo , Guarnieri Vito 
Published: November 2017

Background
The occurrence of parathyroid carcinoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MENI) is rare and the 15 cases of malignant parathyroid tumor reported so far have been associated with MENI in individuals and not with multiple members within a family.

Methods
We report on a 61-year-old male, operated for a 7.3 cm parathyroid carcinoma infiltrating the esophagus. In his brother, a 4.6 cm parathyroid carcinoma was diagnosed histologically, while in the daughter, neck ultrasonography revealed 2 extrathyroidal nodules, yet to be excised.

Results
Screening of the MEN1 gene identified a known germline heterozygous missense mutation (c.1252G>A; p.D418N) in exon 9, in all affected subjects.

Conclusions
The occurrence of parathyroid carcinoma in more than one affected member of a single MEN1 family represents the first reported familial case. This suggests that additional constitutional genetic mutations may contribute to the variation in malignant potential and clinical behavior of parathyroid tumors in MEN1.
Patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with high stimulated serum calcitonin levels
Authors: Unluhizarci Kursad , Akgun Hulya , Oz Bahadır , Karaca Zuleyha , Tanriverdi Fatih , Kelestimur Fahrettin 
Published: November 2017

Summary
Among various substances produced by C-cells, the most important one is calcitonin (CT) that is used for detection, post-operative follow-up and evaluation of individuals at risk of developing medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). However, the role of serum CT measurement in the evaluation of thyroid nodules has been widely discussed, and there is still no consensus about the role of CT in the initial evaluation of all thyroid nodules. Two patients with thyroid nodules whose fine-needle aspiration results were compatible with benign cytology besides having mildly elevated basal serum calcitonin levels were reported. Calcitonin responses (peak levels were 313 and 229 pg/mL, respectively) to calcium stimulation test were compatible with the possible diagnosis of MTC. However, the final diagnosis was papillary thyroid carcinoma of the thyroid gland. There are limited numbers of case reports showing such an increased serum calcitonin responses to calcium stimulation test associated with papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma of the thyroid. We suggest to measure serum CT level once and in case of normal levels, no further CT measurement is necessary. Physicians should keep in mind that thyroid carcinomas other than MTCs may also be associated with high serum CT levels.

Learning points:

Although serum calcitonin is a valuable tumor marker for MTC, it is well known that mild elevations may be seen in some other diseases such as Hashimoto thyroiditis, neuroendocrine tumors or due to medications such as proton pump inhibitors, calcium salts, beta blockers and glucocorticoids.

Those two cases indicate that high calcitonin responses to calcium stimulation test, mimicking MTC, may also be seen in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma although the mechanism is not clear.
Comparison of the endocrinological and immunological results of different induction of parturition methods in ewes
Authors: Demirbilek Serpil , Gunes Nazmiye , Goncagul Gulsen , Uzabacı Ender , Carli Tayfun , Seyrek-Intas Kamil , Salci E. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryObjective: This study aimed to compare different induction of partu -rition (IP) methods in terms of endocrinological and immunological parameters in ewes and lambs.Materials and methods: A total of 24 ewes and their respective 24 lambs were studied. Groups of six ewes were induced on the 138th day: groups I (control), II (dexamethasone), III (aglepristone) and IV (aglepristone + dexamethasone). Blood samples were taken from the ewes from IP to 2 days postpartum at 12-hour intervals for the prolactin and oxytocin analyses. Colostrum and blood samples were collected from the lambs at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours for the IgG analysis. The prolactin, oxytocin and IgG levels were measured by ELISA. Results: A significant difference was found in prolactin levels in all groups and in the colostral IgG level in group IV with respect to the sampling time. Additionally, a significant difference in prolactin level was found at 24 hours postpartum between group IV and groups I and III. A significant difference in the colostral IgG level was determined at 24 hours after parturition between group III and the other groups and at 48 hours after parturition between groups II and III. A positive and significant correlation between the colostral and serum IgG levels of the lambs was found at 24 hours in groups I and II. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Although varying individual results were found within the groups, the endocrinological and immunological results did not suggest any superiority among the IP methods. Considering the presented study results, a single dose of aglepristone may be used alone or in combination with dexamethasone for I P.
Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of Brachy -spira species from feces of layer chickens in Germany
Authors: Willems Hermann , Heuser Jörg , Ewers Christa , Herbst Werner 
Published: November 2017

SummaryObjective: Anaerobic spirochetes of the genus Brachyspira are important pathogens causing swine dysentery (Brachyspira [B.] hyodysenteriae) and porcine intestinal spirochetosis (B. pilosicoli, PIS). In addition, avian intestinal spirochetosis (AIS) is caused by B. pilosicoli, B. intermedia and B. alvinipulli. Despite the economic impact of AIS, the disease has not received appropriate attention in Germany. This study was aimed at identifying Brachyspira spp. in Germany and determining their antimicrobial susceptibility. Material and methods: From 2009 to 2013, a total of 71 fecal swabs were obtained from clinically healthy layer hens from eight different commercial flocks. Brachyspira spp. culture was performed in trypticase soybean agar added with 5% sheep blood. Species determination was conducted by PCRs targeting the NADH-gen and the 16S rDNA or by nox-gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility to macrolides, lincosamides and pleuromutilins was tested by a microdilution assay. Results: Brachyspira spp. were isolated from 40 (56.3%) swabs distributed over all eight flocks. In 26 cases, the following species were determined by PCR: B. pilosicoli (n = 16), B. intermedia (2), B. innocens (3), B. murdochii (1), mixtures of B. pilosicoli/B. intermedia (2), B. innocens/B. intermedia (1), B. innocens/B. murdochii (1). Remaining isolates were characterized by noxgene sequencing as B. “pulli” (n = 9), B. alvinipulli (3), B. intermedia (1) and as not identifiable (1). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 37 isolates revealed minimal inhibitory concentrations 90 (MIC90) of > 128 mg/l (tylosin), 64 mg/l (lincomycin), 8 mg/l (tiamulin) and 4 mg/l (valnemulin), respectively. Comparing to breakpoints applied to pigs, these values lie within the range of resistance. Conclusion The demonstration of different Brachyspira spp., particularly B. pilosicoli, intermedia and alvinipulli in commercial layers, indicates the need of further research to assess their potential role in causing AIS in German poultry flocks. The increased antimicrobial resistance of Brachyspira spp. isolates to tylosin and pleuromutilins is likely associated with extensive use of these drugs in poultry medicine.
Diagnóstico financiero de las empresas en etapa temprana en Antioquia
Authors: Sepúlveda Rivillas Claudia Inés , Moscoso Escobar Jenny , Restrepo Londoño Amanda Lucía 
Published: November 2017

El emprendimiento se ha considerado un motor que impulsa el crecimiento y la competitividad de los países y por esa razón se ha convertido en una prioridad para los gobiernos y el sector privado. Sin embargo, las nuevas empresas desaparecen a corto plazo, lo que genera una debilidad estructural en el desarrollo empresarial.
Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente estudio es elaborar un diagnóstico financiero integral para empresas en etapa temprana, utilizando una metodología mixta (cualitativa-cuantitativa) con un enfoque exploratorio y descriptivo, para lo cual se aplicaron entrevistas a instituciones de apoyo al emprendimiento y se hizo un análisis de la información financiera obtenida del Sistema de Información y Riesgo Empresarial (SIREM) de la Superintendencia de Sociedades.
Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de estas empresas no efectúan diagnósticos financieros o se limitan a los aspectos básicos, además se evidencia que la principal dificultad está relacionada con la rentabilidad, afectando su sostenibilidad a mediano y largo plazos.
La eficacia social de la representación contable en Lopes de Sá
Authors: Suárez Pineda Jesús Alberto 
Published: November 2017

Los conceptos de «patrimonio» y «empresa» son centrales en la teoría actual de la contabilidad. Sin embargo, ofrecen dificultades en materia de la eficacia social de la representación contable. La idea de patrimonio se ha concebido erróneamente como ‘un conjunto de derechos y obligaciones’, lo que no corresponde a la realidad contable, pues solo es visto desde la óptica del Derecho civil, en el sentido de ‘propiedad’, según ciertos principios legales, morales y hermenéutico-jurídicos, descuidándose la integralidad de la riqueza organizacional que implica el patrimonio contable, o conjunto de bienes, créditos, dotaciones y provisiones que se ponen a disposición de una empresa en un momento dado, en un contexto de eficacia social. La empresa se concibe aquí como una ‘organización’ o ‘célula social’ que provee la obtención de un fin individual o colectivo, coordinado, en general, a los fines supremos de la sociedad. En este artículo se defiende el enfoque neo-patrimonialista de la contabilidad del académico Antônio Lopes de Sá, en el cual la representación contable se concibe como el termómetro de la eficacia social de las organizaciones, siempre que se distinga “empresa” de “patrimonio”, “necesidad organizacional” de “necesidad patrimonial” y “finalidad organizacional” de “finalidad patrimonial”, en la perspectiva de la eficacia social, y no solo de la propiedad, pues el patrimonio o riqueza es un concepto dinámico, explicado en la teoría de las funciones patrimoniales de Lopes de Sá, sin anular ni mezclar los hechos jurídicos, administrativos y económicos que comportan la observación y explicación del fenómeno patrimonial, en contextos sociales de representación contable para la medición del desempeño económico, desempeño social y desempeño ambiental de las organizaciones.