bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping local evidence on early recognition and management of people with potential cancer symptoms: a narrative review
Authors: Moodley Jennifer , Day Sarah , Ras Tasleem , Ataguba John E. , Harries Jane , Jacobs Rosemary , Chirenje Zvavahera M. , Ghuza Bothwell , Payne Alexandra , Githaiga Jennifer N. , Kawonga Mary , Scott Suzanne E. , Walter Fiona M. 
Published: October 2024

Aim Early cancer detection has potential to improve outcomes. However, many patients in South Africa present when the disease is at an advanced stage. The World Health Organization recommends two approaches to early cancer detection: screening asymptomatic individuals, and early recognition and management of symptomatic individuals. This paper focuses on the latter. For people with potential cancer symptoms, the journey to diagnosis is complex and influenced by multiple factors. Most symptomatic people will self-present to primary health care clinics, where primary health care providers are pivotal in triage. Methods This article presents local insights into cancer awareness measurement tools: community-level cancer symptom awareness, lay beliefs, and symptom appraisal; factors influencing the journey from symptom discovery to diagnosis; primary health care provider challenges in assessing symptomatic individuals, and interventions to support symptom assessment and help-seeking. It draws on findings from the African Women Awareness of CANcer (AWACAN) project and a narrative review of relevant published articles on journeys to cancer diagnosis in SA (2013-2023). Findings Very few cancer awareness measurement tools have been locally validated, hampering comparison and limiting opportunities for intervention development and evaluation. The AWACAN study developed and validated a local cancer awareness measurement tool for breast and cervical cancer. Studies show that most people in SA need information on cancer risk, symptoms, and pathways to care. Barriers to accessing health care include financial, infrastructural, safety, stigma, and previous health facility experiences. Primary health care providers require support for symptom assessment and referral systems. There is limited local work on developing and evaluating interventions to improve timely cancer diagnosis. Conclusions This paper underscores the importance of prioritising early recognition and management of people with symptomatic cancer as part of a comprehensive cancer control plan, providing insights for improving the journey to diagnosis.
Manifestaciones cutáneas en pacientes pediátricos con inmunodeficiencias primarias
Authors: Cantisano C. , Díaz H. , Balbaryski J. , Quiroz H. , Gaddi E. 
Published: October 2024

Las inmunodeficiencias primarias constituyen un grupo de más de 300 enfermedades originadas por alteraciones genéticas que comprometen el desarrollo y función del sistema inmune. Las manifestaciones cutáneas son comunes en estas patologías y afectan el 35 - 70 % de los pacientes. La finalidad de este artículo es presentar la casuística de niños con inmunodeficiencias y manifestaciones cutáneas estudiados en la División Inmunología del Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde en los últimos 10 años. Para ello, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de historias clínicas de 179 pacientes con diagnóstico de inmunodeficiencia primaria. La revisión de las historias clínicas registró 19 inmunodeficiencias diferentes con frecuencia variable. En la totalidad de la población evaluada se comprobaron manifestaciones cutáneas en 25 niños (14 %). El síndrome de hiper-inmunoglobulina E (IgE) con 7 pacientes, la deficiencia selectiva de inmunoglobulina A (IgA), la inmunodeficiencia combinada y la ataxia-telangiectasia, con 3 cada una, presentaron el mayor número de intercurrencias dermatológicas. El 36 % de los pacientes presentaron manifestaciones cutáneas de origen infeccioso, 48 % alérgico y 16 % autoinmune. Niveles séricos de IgE incrementados y disminución de los de IgA fueron las alteraciones humorales más frecuentes. Dentro de las alteraciones cuantitativas de la inmunidad celular, la disminución porcentual de linfocitos T junto con el incremento de los B fueron las prevalentes. En el 84 % de los niños el intervalo etario (mediana-rango) de aparición de la primera manifestación dermatológica fue 5 meses (1 - 108), significativamente menor (p <0,05) al del intervalo diagnóstico.
Relevancia de la medida del colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad
Authors: Verona Julián , Brites Fernando Daniel 
Published: October 2024

La fórmula de Friedewald asume que la concentración del colesterol de las lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad (C-VLDL) es un quinto del nivel de los triglicéridos (TG) plasmáticos. En el presente trabajo se propone un método más refinado para estimar el colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (C-LDL). Aunque se recomienda su dosaje y se evalúa cómo la composición de las VLDL, en cuanto su contenido en triglicéridos, podría constituir un marcador de beneficio aterogénico. Se trabajó sobre 100 pacientes elegidos al azar que concurrieron a realizarse estudios de rutina. No se usaron criterios de selección. Se usaron métodos analíticos estandarizados y estadísticos clásicos. Se propuso un nuevo método de cálculo para estimar la concentración plasmática del C-LDL, basado en la fórmula de Friedewald con el agregado de un término logarítmico. Con esta nueva fórmula la estimación mejoró un 2,8 %. Además, el menor contenido de triglicéridos de las VLDL, estimado mediante el índice C-VLDL / TG, se asoció positivamente con el C-VLDL (r = 0,370) y el colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (C-HDL) (r = 0,438); y negativamente con el C-LDL (r = -0,421) y los TG (r = -0,578); p < 0,001 en todos los casos. Los resultados resaltan la importancia de medir el C-LDL, calcular el C-VLDL como la diferencia entre el colesterol total y la suma del C-HDL y el C-LDL, y evaluar la composición de las VLDL mediante el índice C-VLDL / TG. Si bien podría suponerse que las VLDL enriquecidas en colesterol son
A PERCEPÇÃO DA MULHER SOBRE OS DESAFIOS DO ALEITAMENTO MATERNO
Authors:   Lorena Campos Santos, Dias Eslayne Lopes , Mendes Sarah Bispo , Martins Sandy Hevellyn Alencar 
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Identificar os desafios para as mães durante o período do aleitamento materno. Metodologia: Trata-se de revisão integrativa, com produções que utilizaram abordagem qualitativa em estudos da temática da Percepção da mulher sobre os desafios do aleitamento materno exclusivo na gestação e o papel do enfermeiro na educação em saúde, trabalhando com estratégias e ações educativas, com objetivos de minimizar o desmame precoce. Critérios de inclusão publicados no idioma português, publicados no ano de 2010 a 2021. Resultados: Estudos mostram que o desmame precoce é corriqueiro e está associado a fatores como problemas mamários, crenças, mitos e medos. Considerações Finais: Compreende-se que o enfermeiro tem participação fundamental no processo de acompanhamento de binômios. Assim, com a educação em saúde e a promoção do aleitamento materno exclusivo, diminui as ocorrências de episódios de doenças relacionadas à saúde do bebê. Enfatizando que, é importante conhecer as principais causas e manifestações da amamentação ineficaz permitindo subsidiar as ações de enfermagem de forma mais direcionada.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penerimaan Karyawan Menggunakan Metode Weighted Product (WP) Pada BMT NU Cabang Suboh
Authors: Al Halimi Moh. Riqza , Ridla Muhammad Ali , Susanto Adi 
Published: October 2024

Karyawan merupakan salah satu aset perusahaan yang paling berharga. Pegawai menjadi SDM yang sangat penting bagi perusahaan. Untuk memperoleh pegawai yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan kantor maka dilakukan rekrutmen. KSPP Syariah BMT NU merupakan Lembaga keuangan Koperasi Simpan Pinjam dan Pembiayaan yang berbasis Syariah. Proses seleksi pegawai baru masih dilakukan secara manual dengan sistem administrasi sehingga memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama untuk menenrukan siapa yang akan diterima. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Weighted Product (WP) bertujuan untuk bisa membantu dalam proses penerimaan karyawan. Dalam proses rekrutmen karyawan digunakan enam kriteria yaitu Kelengkapan Berkas Lamaran, Pendidikan Terakhir, Pengalaman Kerja, Usia, Tes Kemampuan (Skill) dan Tes Interview. Hasil penelitian ini memutuskan bahwa nilai tertinggi dengan peringkat pertama yaitu Alternatif 6 dengan perolehan nilai 0,1628. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini diharapkan bisa memudahkan dan mempercepat saat memilih pegawai yang paling memenuhi kebutuhan kantor.
Komparasi Algoritma Machine Learning Untuk Menganalisis Sentimen Ulasan Pada Aplikasi Digital Korlantas Polri
Authors: Delimasari Siti , Kusrini Kusrini 
Published: October 2024

Aplikasi Digital Korlantas Polri merupakan aplikasi mobile yang memberikan kemudahan bagi masyarakat dalam memperpanjang SIM. Analisis sentimen terhadap ulasan pengguna membantu Korlantas Polri mengidentifikasi persepsi publik terhadap layanan yang diberikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi lima algoritma machine learning mana yang paling baik performanya dari Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), dan Logistic Regression dalam proses analisis sentimen. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan mengukur akurasi, presisi, recall dan F1 measure. Terdapat 10.000 ulasan diberi label dengan validasi ahli bahasa, diproses ulang, diberi bobot kata setelah data dikumpulkan. Teknik over-sampling minoritas sintetis (SMOTE) diterapkan sebelum pembagian data untuk pelatihan dan pengujian. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan Random Forest dan SVM melakukannya dengan paling baik. Random Forest memiliki akurasi 90,77%, recall 90,77%, dan nilai F1 tertinggi yaitu 90,79%. SVM memiliki presisi tertinggi dengan 91,14% di antara algoritma lainnya, yang menunjukkan potensi besar kedua algoritma ini menganalisis sentimen ulasan aplikasi digital Korlantas Polri.
The effects of subjective family status and subjective school status on depression and suicidal ideation among adolescents: the role of anxiety and psychological resilience
Authors: Shu Zhan , Chen Shurui , Chen Hui , Chen Xianliang , Tang Huajia , Zhou Jiawei , Tian Yusheng , Wang Xiaoping , Zhou Jiansong 
Published: October 2024

Background
Depression and suicidal tendencies are notably prevalent among adolescents, yet few studies have revealed the impact of social status on them. This study aimed to explore the mediating and moderating effects of anxiety and psychological resilience on family status, school status, depression, and suicidal ideation.

Methods
A total of 1,190 secondary school students aged 13 to 17 years (mean age: 13.57 ± 2.02 years) were evaluated depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation using the PHQ-8 and GAD-7 questionnaires. Subjective family and school status were also assessed. Data analysis was conducted using Mplus, SPSS’s Process, and the RSA 3.0 plugin.

Results
Subjective family/school status, anxiety, psychological resilience, depression, and suicidal ideation were significantly correlated. Anxiety played a partial mediating role in the influence of subjective family status and subjective school on depression and suicidal ideation, and psychological resilience moderated the impact of anxiety on adolescent depression and suicidal ideation (βdepression = −0.05, p < 0.01; βsuicidal ideation = −0.06, p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Subjective family status and school status played important roles in depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents, and anxiety and psychological resilience played mediating and moderating roles.
The Role of Agricultural Technology in Attaining Food Security among Small Farmers in Char Area in Mymensingh District
Authors: Haider Samiul , Kabir Md.Shajahan , Nasrin Mossat Anamika , Ahmed Shekh Maruf , Jahan Khorshed 
Published: October 2024

Farmers in the char areas of Bangladesh are frequently affected by food insecurity due to their low engagement in modern agriculture such as less use of modern agricultural technology. This study evaluates the socio-demographic characteristics of the sample farmers to assess their nutritional status and the factors influencing char dwellers' dietary diversity. Survey data were collected from 70 households, and focus group discussions were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire from Nilokhiya char under the Mymensingh District of Bangladesh. An OLS regression model was used to estimate the influence of socioeconomic characteristics of sample households on the decision on factors influencing dietary diversity. The farming type of the farmers is another concern of this study where results show that 90% of farmers in the char areas rely on rice and vegetable farming, whereas more than 60% of the farmers are also involved in livestock and poultry farming at the same time. The nutritional status of char farmers shows that their diet includes a variety of foods but is deficient insufficient protein and healthy fats, which could have an impact on their overall nutrition. Cereals are a staple in the diet, as indicated by the high consumption rate (97.1%) and the substantial average intake (2.30 kg/day). Every household consumes fruits, though in smaller quantities (0.28 kg/day). Eggs are less frequently consumed (57.1%) despite a higher intake (2.64 kg/day). Dietary diversity has a strong positive correlation with supply (.913) at a 1 % significant level which means that efficient supply chains minimize delays, reduce spoilage, and ensure a continuous flow of food to markets to ensure food security. A positive correlation with total income (.373) leads to a higher total income also supports greater dietary diversity. Credit was significant at a 5% level (.267) indicating that a 1 % increase in credit leads to an increase in dietary diversity by 267%. On the contrary, Experience has a negative relationship with dietary diversity which means that experience does not influence food security. Lack of transport and communication, environmental hazards, and natural disasters are the most significant problems faced by the farmers in the char area.
Rock avalanche deposits store quantitative evidence on internal shear during runout
Authors: Zhang M. , McSaveney M. J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe investigated the quantitative effect of internal shear on grain breakage during rock avalanche runout, by means of 38 ring‐shear experiments on identical sand samples at different normal stresses, shear strains and shear strain rates. We compared sample grain‐size characteristics before and after shearing. We found that grain size decreased with increase in normal stress and shear strain. Reduction in grain size was inferred to occur through grain breakage associated with grain interactions in strong force chains during strain. The results were consistent with observations of both inverse‐grading structure in deep rock avalanche exposures, and fining and grading of particles with increasing rock avalanche travel distance. Our study suggested that with appropriate calibration, variations in grain‐size distributions within a rock avalanche deposit would provide quantitative information on the distribution of internal shear during its runout.
Mesoscale organization, entrainment, and the properties of a closed‐cell stratocumulus cloud
Authors: Kazil J. , Yamaguchi T. , Feingold G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractClosed‐cell mesoscale organization and its relationship to entrainment and the properties of a low, nonprecipitating stratocumulus cloud is investigated. Large eddy simulations were run over 10 periodic diurnal cycles during which mesoscale organization could fully develop and approach a quasi‐steady state on five domains sized from 2.4 km × 2.4 km to 38.4 km × 38.4 km. The four smaller domains hosted a single cell with an aspect ratio that increased with domain size. On the largest domain, mesoscale organization consisted of a cell population that evolved over the course of the diurnal cycle. It is found that with increasing cell aspect ratio, entrainment weakens and the boundary layer becomes shallower, cooler, moister, and more decoupled. This causes an increase in cloud water path and cloud radiative effect up to a cell aspect ratio of 16. With further increase in cell aspect ratio, circulation on the cell scale becomes less effective in supplying moisture to the cloud and in producing turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). This mechanism can explain scale saturation in closed‐cell mesoscale organization. The simulations support a maximum stable aspect ratio of closed‐cell mesoscale organization between 32 and 64, consistent with the observational limit of
40. The simulations show furthermore that entrainment does not, in general, scale with buoyant production of TKE. Instead, entrainment correlates with the vertical component of TKE. This implies vertical motion as a driver of entrainment, and a convective velocity scale based on the vertical component of TKE rather than on buoyant production of TKE.
Universal Control on Pyroresistive Behavior of Flexible Self‐Regulating Heating Devices
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhang Han , Porwal Harshit , Tu Wei , Evans Jamie , Newton Mark , Busfield James J. C. , Peijs Ton , Bilotti Emiliano 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSmart heating devices with reliable self‐regulating performances and high efficiency, combined with additional properties like mechanical flexibility, are of particular interest in healthcare, soft robotics, and smart buildings. Unfortunately, the development of smart heaters necessitates managing normally conflicting requirements such as good self‐regulating capabilities and efficient Joule heating performances. Here, a simple and universal materials design strategy based on a series connection of different conductive polymer composites (CPC) is shown to provide unique control over the pyroresistive properties. Hooke's and Kirchhoff's laws of electrical circuits can simply predict the overall pyroresistive behavior of devices connected in series and/or parallel configurations, hence providing design guidelines. An efficient and mechanically flexible Joule heating device is hence designed and created. The heater is characterized by a zero temperature coefficient of resistance below the self‐regulating temperature, immediately followed by a large and sharp positive temperature coefficient (PTC) behavior with a PTC intensity of around 106. Flexibility and toughness is provided by the selected elastomeric thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix as well as the device design. The universality of the approach is demonstrated by using different polymer matrices and conductive fillers for which repeatable results are consistently obtained.
Top‐Down Synthesis of Hollow Graphene Nanostructures for Use in Resistive Switching Memory Devices
Authors: Anoop Gopinathan , Kim Tae Yeon , Lee Hye Jeong , Panwar Varij , Kwak Jeong Hun , Heo Yeong‐Jae , Yang Jin‐Hoon , Lee Joo Hyoung , Jo Ji Young 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHollow nanostructures exhibit a wide range of potential applications because of the quantum confinement effect that arises from the narrow width of such nanostructures. It is challenging to synthesize hollow nanostructures of 2D materials. A facile top‐down approach is presented for synthesizing high‐quality hollow graphene nanostructures from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite target. Hollow graphene nanostructures composed of few‐layered graphene nanorings (GNRs) are synthesized in acetone and poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) using the laser ablation in liquid technique. Density functional theory calculations of the layered GNRs indicate that their bandgap converges with an increase in the number of layers. To demonstrate the feasibility of the synthesized NRs for use in device applications, flexible two‐terminal devices with a Pt/GNRs‐P4VP/indium tin oxide structure are fabricated; the devices exhibit excellent memory characteristics, with the ON/OFF ratio being 2 × 104 and the retention time being 105 s. These results suggest that synthesizing uniform bandgap‐engineered GNRs in organic media through laser ablation is an excellent method for realizing high‐density, low‐cost nonvolatile memories in a scalable manner.
An Aboriginal community's perceptions and experiences of child neglect in a rural town
Authors: Newton B.J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVery little is known about how Aboriginal parents experiencing vulnerabilities and communities perceive child neglect, despite Aboriginal families being highly overrepresented in the child protection system. This research investigates the perceptions and experiences of child neglect from Aboriginal parents and human services workers in a rural community. Research methods consisted of community forums and interviews with parents and workers. One community forum developed interview guides and vignettes, and the second discussed and interpreted findings. Between the two forums, in‐depth interviews were conducted with 18 Aboriginal parents and nine Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal workers. Overall Aboriginal parents perceived child neglect in a similar way to Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal workers. Violence and substance abuse were main risk factors for child neglect, and intergenerational trauma, racism and discrimination, and feeling powerless were prevalent in the community. The paper concludes that there are little differences in the way Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal people understand child neglect. Instead it is the difficult circumstances experienced by Aboriginal families that keep parents from actualising their parenting expectations. The implications of these findings when working with Aboriginal families and communities are also discussed.
Towards Optimal Disorder in Gold Nanosponges for Long‐Lived Localized Plasmonic Modes
Authors: Schwarz Felix , Runge Erich 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe potential of disorder to confine and enhance electromagnetic fields is well known and localized fields in turn can be used for non‐linear optical sensing and for studying quantum optics. Recently, nanoporous gold nanoparticles (nanosponges) were shown to support highly localized long‐lived plasmonic modes in the infrared spectral range. In this paper, we take first steps towards tailoring the disorder for optimal field localization and enhancement by calculating extinction and near‐field properties for different filling fractions and correlation lengths. We find that the filling fraction has not only a large effect on the fundamental dipolar surface‐plasmon resonance of the nanoparticle, but also on the frequency range in which localized modes of plasmonic nature occur. The influence of the correlation length is more subtle but is seen to influence the coupling between localized and far‐field modes as well. We briefly discuss first results on details of the localization process, which takes place on the same length scale as the typical structure size, so a simple cavity‐resonance picture cannot account for the relatively low frequency of the modes.
Ultrafast Processes in Graphene: From Fundamental Manybody Interactions to Device Applications
Authors: Winnerl Stephan , Mittendorff Martin , König‐Otto Jacob C. , Schneider Harald , Helm Manfred , Winzer Torben , Knorr Andreas , Malic Ermin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA joint experiment‐theory investigation of the carrier dynamics in graphene, in particular in the energetic vicinity of the Dirac point, is reviewed. Radiation of low photon energy is employed in order to match the intrinsic energy scales of the material, i.e. the optical phonon energy (∼200 meV) and the Fermi energy (10‐20 meV), respectively. Significant slower carrier cooling is predicted and observed for photon energies below the optical phonon energy. Furthermore, a strongly anisotropic distribution of electrons in k‐space upon excitation with linearly polarized radiation is discussed. Depending on photon energy, the anisotropic distribution decays either rapidly via optical phonon emission, or slowly via non‐collinear Coulomb scattering. Finally, a room temperature operated ultra‐broadband hot‐electron bolometer is demonstrated. It covers the spectral range from the THz to visible region with a single detector element featuring a response time of 40 ps.