bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freedom of thought
Authors: Chrisman Matthew 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper develops a novel conception of freedom of thought as the right to epistemic self‐realization. The recognition of this right is characterized here as a modally robust normative status that I think one has as a potential knower in an epistemic community. It is a status that one cannot enjoy without a specific form of institutionalized intellectual respect and support. To explain and defend this conception of freedom of thought, it is contrasted here with more traditionally “negative” conceptions of freedom of thought, in terms of not being interfered with. It is also contrasted here with a “positive” conception of freedom of thought derived from a recently prominent account of doxastic agency as grounded in the rational capacity to self‐determine one's own response to reasons. In both cases, the crux of the argument in this paper is that a conception of freedom of thought as a right to epistemic self‐realization makes better sense of why we fear the counter‐liberatory forces of propaganda and regulated thinking, and also why we hold out hope for the liberating potential of education and critical engagement with expertise in the public sphere.
How emotions grasp value
Authors: Kauppinen Antti 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt's plausible that we only fully appreciate the value of something, say a painting or a blameworthy action, when we have a fitting emotional response to it, such as admiration or guilt. But exactly how and why do we grasp value through emotion? I propose, first, that a subject S phenomenally grasps property P only if what it is to be P is manifest in the phenomenal character of S's experience. Second, following clues from the Stoics, I argue that the phenomenal character of emotional experience is constitutively linked with its having directive content. More precisely, emotional experience directs us both to adopt a maxim for action – take certain characteristic kinds of action for an emotion‐specific end – and to treat something about the object as a presumptively decisive reason to take such action for such end. If we assent to what the experience proposes (or rational control gets bypassed), we are motivated to take the relevant action and have a corresponding evaluative belief. This picture of emotional cognition yields a natural conception of the evaluative fittingness conditions of emotions without the problematic assumption that they have a presentational phenomenology. Instead, it is precisely in virtue of the directive and valenced phenomenology of emotion that values are only fully manifest in emotional experience, since values are essentially action‐ and attitude‐guiding properties.
Longitudinal relationship between loneliness and cognitive function among unmarried older adults in Malaysia: exploring gender disparities
Authors: Foong Hui Foh , Ibrahim Rahimah , Abdullah Siti Farra Zillah , Bagat Mohamad Fazdillah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe status of being unmarried is commonly associated with a higher tendency for loneliness and cognitive impairment. However, it has yet to be determined whether there is a link between loneliness and cognitive function among unmarried older people. Therefore, this study used longitudinal data to determine the link between loneliness and cognitive function, and the subjects were unmarried community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThe study follows up a sample of 733 unmarried older adults who were either never married, widowed, divorced or separated, from waves one and two of the ‘Neuroprotective Model for Healthy Longevity among Malaysian Older Adults’ study. The main statistical analysis used to answer the research question was the PROCESS macro (model 1) for SPSS.ResultsThe study found that increased loneliness was associated with a decline in cognitive function over a 3‐year period. Additionally, gender moderated the link between loneliness and cognitive function, with this association being particularly prominent in older men.ConclusionsLoneliness among unmarried older people should be given attention as it could lead to deteriorating cognitive function. Notably, older men experience a more substantial impact of loneliness on cognitive function than women. Therefore, special attention should be focused on this population, and more social services should be developed to reduce the incidence of cognitive impairment, improve their quality of life, and promote successful ageing.
Advancing consensual non‐monogamy in psychological research, practice, and policy: A guide for psychologists
Authors: Moors Amy C. , Vaughan Michelle Denise , Flicker Sharon M. , Matsumura Kaiponanea T. , Schechinger Heath A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this article, we present a brief overview of the topic of consensual non‐monogamy (CNM) as a scientific inquiry, including reviews related to stigma, relationship functioning, and health and well‐being. Next, we discuss how psychologists can be more responsive to people who engage in CNM, by (1) conducting research that is inclusive of CNM, including challenging mononormativity in theory and measurement; (2) training clinicians to be more knowledgeable about CNM, including expanding diversity requirements and evidence‐based clinical practice; (3) working in advocacy to help shape law and policy, including future directions for research to inform marital/family and antidiscrimination law. Our goal is to discuss challenges while providing actionable recommendations for how psychologists can move forward in their respective domains to be inclusive of people engaged in CNM.
Model‐based clustering in simple hypergraphs through a stochastic blockmodel
Authors: Brusa Luca , Matias Catherine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe propose a model to address the overlooked problem of node clustering in simple hypergraphs. Simple hypergraphs are suitable when a node may not appear multiple times in the same hyperedge, such as in co‐authorship datasets. Our model generalizes the stochastic blockmodel for graphs and assumes the existence of latent node groups and hyperedges are conditionally independent given these groups. We first establish the generic identifiability of the model parameters. We then develop a variational approximation Expectation‐Maximization algorithm for parameter inference and node clustering, and derive a statistical criterion for model selection. To illustrate the performance of our R
package HyperSBM, we compare it with other node clustering methods using synthetic data generated from the model, as well as from a line clustering experiment and a co‐authorship dataset.
Kids in limbo: War, uncertainty, and the school experiences of Ukrainian refugee students in Poland
Authors: Franczak Iwona B. , Lutz Amy C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRussia's invasion of Ukraine begun on February 24, 2022. By December 2022, approximately 8 million Ukrainians left their homes seeking safety in other countries. One million Ukrainian refugees (mostly mothers and children) settled in Poland and 200,000 Ukrainian refugee children attended Polish schools in July 2023. Based on the interviews conducted with Polish speaking teachers and Ukrainian mothers in Poland, this research examines educational experiences of Ukrainian school‐age children who fled the war and enrolled in Polish schools. This study draws on the recent literature on refugee education and related fields, adapts Horst and Grabska's theory of “radical uncertainty”, and expands on the social demographic lens on refugee migration by including educational experiences of refugee youth. Findings suggest that changes to family and school routines caused by the war hindered academic performance and social–emotional well‐being of some Ukrainian school‐age refugees regardless of mothers' advantageous socio‐economic backgrounds. Although some Ukrainian students experienced educational inequalities because of their refugee status, the uncertainty caused by the war was the driving force behind the changes in students' educational lives. We also find that schools are crucial in creating a sense of familiarity and restoring a sense of stability among refugee students.
Kitkińike of recognition: In the direction of bibliographies as cultural landscapes
Authors: Stolte Gretchen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis project explores bibliographies as cultural landscapes. Taking the Nez Perce term kitkińike (in the direction of) as a gesture that offers new theoretical grounds for considering the categorical power of bibliographies, I argue that bibliographies are more than just sources cited at the end of a publication. A dynamic and interactive interface performatively animates an existing list of texts about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture and history with anticolonial purpose, so countering the thinking that Indigenous, Black and Queer authors are objects to be studied rather than academics to be cited. The exegesis defines a bibliography and its many manifestations and provides background on how this project came to being, giving credit to the people and institutions working to combat the erasure of Black, Queer, Indigenous and minority voices. The written piece argues that we need to move in the direction of (kitkińike) including a variety of voices in our citations while the web interface allows for the physical exploration of these concepts. Together, the paired research outcomes invite a novel journey across the cultural landscapes of bibliographic productions.
Does inward FDI improve the labour‐allocation efficiency of local firms? Evidence from China
Authors: Shi Qing , Tan Yong , Zhao Xin , Zhu Linke 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article estimates labour‐allocation efficiency at the firm level in China and studies whether inward foreign direct investment (FDI) has contributed to its improvement. We construct a city‐level FDI intensity measure and identify the causal effect of FDI entry on labour‐allocation efficiency. The results indicate that when FDI increases by 10%, the average labour‐allocation efficiency increases by 7.2%. The mechanism analysis further implies that the alleviation effect of FDI entry on firm‐level labour‐allocation efficiency prefers the agglomeration learning rather than the agglomeration matching channel, that is, firm‐level labour‐allocation efficiency increases only when they are more exposed to the agglomeration of foreign capital and more related industries. The heterogeneity analysis further reveals that firms located in less segmented regions, facing higher training costs, of private‐ or foreign‐owned ownership types, having a higher ratio of high‐skilled labours increase labour‐allocation efficiency more upon FDI entry.
Effects of intracameral tissue plasminogen activator injection on posterior capsular opacification, fibrin formation, and intraocular pressure in dogs after phacoemulsification
Authors: Kim Kyulee , Kang Young‐Sun , Kim Joon Young 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether intracameral tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) injection is effective in regulating posterior capsular opacification (PCO), fibrin formation and intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract surgery.Animal StudiedProspective study involving 30 eyes of 21 dogs that underwent phacoemulsification.ProceduresThirty eyes were randomly divided into two groups of 15 eyes (control and tPA groups). Intracameral tPA (25 μg/0.1 mL) was injected into tPA group eyes before corneal incision closure but not into the eyes of the control group. The grades of anterior fibrin formation and PCO were compared based on slit lamp biomicroscope examination at 1 and 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2–3 months postoperatively. IOP was measured using applanation tonometry every 30 min for 4 h immediately after operation and on the following morning. The IOP of the two groups at each time was compared.ResultsThe grade of anterior fibrin formation and that of PCO were not significantly different between the two groups at any time point (p > .05). However, the IOP of the tPA group was significantly lower than that of the control group at each point on the day of surgery (p < .05). No complications were observed with tPA injection, except for temporary hyphema (for 3 days) in one eye.ConclusionsAlthough the intracameral tPA injection did not affect anterior fibrin formation and PCO, it effectively maintained normal IOP immediately after phacoemulsification. Thus, our findings provide valuable insights into the potential benefits of intracameral tPA injection in achieving immediate IOP control after phacoemulsification.
Programmable Supratransmission in a Mechanical Chain with Tristable Oscillators
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Zhu Shuze 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Supratransmission refers to a phenomenon that nonlinear medium allows large-amplitude waves to transmit energy through the band gap, which has been extensively studied in many nonlinear models. Recently, controlling supratransmission using bistable nonlinearities has gained growing attentions. Nevertheless, the general principles of controlling supratransmission using multistable nonlinearities have remained elusive. As a first step to address such challenge, this work presents programmable supratransmission using tristable nonlinearities. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that a mechanical chain consisting of tristable oscillators can achieve rich programmable features of supratransmission by simply tuning the tristable potential energy curve, providing new insights into how supratransmission can be controlled. The current work deepens the understanding of programmable supratransmission using multistable nonlinearities.
Knowledge and perception of antibiotic resistance and stewardship among pre-health and agriculture undergraduate students
Authors: Da Silva Carvalho Claudia 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The global threat of antibiotic-resistant infections has resulted in health organizations compiling an Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP), in which the education of current and future medical prescribers and farmers is central to the preservation of current and future antimicrobial treatments. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge and perceived threat of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance, as well as the perceived benefit of antibiotic stewardship education, among undergraduate students majoring in Biology and Agriculture at Fort Hays State University. I hypothesized that the difference in knowledge and perceptions between Biology and Agriculture students would be significantly different because of differences in curriculum requirements. Framed by the health belief model (HBM), a quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured online survey of 136 undergraduate student participants. A
χ
2
analysis was used to assess differences between the respondents in their knowledge and perceptions of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, and antibiotic stewardship education at the undergraduate level. Results showed that, although Agriculture students perceived antibiotic resistance as less threatening than Biology/pre-health students, both undergraduate groups were knowledgeable about the problem and wanted more academic education on the issue. These findings create a solid foundation to initiate a conversation on the curriculum development to meet ASP goals and objectives at the undergraduate level while contributing to an ongoing international effort to educate future prescribers and farmers on the importance of antibiotics in medicine and farming and to reduce antibiotic resistance.
Analysis of the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in people living with HIV
Authors: Tian Xuebin , Xie Yiwen , Yu Lifeng , Yao Peng , Dong Mingqing , Jin Changzhong , Wu Nanping 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The gut microbiome has a pivotal function in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the associated alterations in the gut microbiome-host interaction are unknown. Herein, we aimed to investigate the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in people living with HIV (PLWH). We collected stool samples from 70 PLWH and 34 healthy controls (HCs) and carried out 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analyzed the metabolites using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Firmicutes
,
Proteobacteria
,
Actinobacteriota
, and
Bacteroidota
were the most abundant phyla in both groups. Among genera, the level of
Escherichia
-
Shigella
was upregulated significantly in the PLWH group, whereas in the HC group,
Bacteroides
spp. were upregulated. Prediction of microbial function indicated significant reductions in alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and histidine metabolism. Furthermore, a comparison of the fecal metabolites between the HC and PLWH groups identified 38 differentially abundant metabolites in four differentially enriched human metabolic pathways. According to Spearman correlation analysis, there are close relationships between four differentially abundant microbiota members and five differentially abundant fecal metabolites, which might influence particular human metabolic pathways. Our findings provide a basis for further experimental investigation of the contribution of the gut microbiota and its associated metabolites to HIV/AIDS, providing a novel perspective for the further study of HIV/AIDS.

IMPORTANCE

Growing evidence demonstrates that the gut microbiota is associated with HIV. This study investigated changes in the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in PLWH. We identified 38 differentially abundant metabolites in four differentially enriched human metabolic pathways. Moreover, close relationships were noted between the four differentially abundant microbiota members and five differentially abundant fecal metabolites, which might influence particular human metabolic pathways. Thus, to benefit PLWH, potential pathobionts could be reduced (e.g., g_
Enterococcus
); probiotics could be increased (e.g., g_
Faecalibacterium
and g_
Agathobacter
); or certain metabolites (e.g., N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine and trehalose) could be reduced by changes in diet or the use of nutritional supplements. Our results provide insights into the interaction between the gut microbiota and the host, identifying possible targets that might be beneficial for PLWH.
Persistence of power Doppler ultrasonography-detected synovitis over 1 year of follow-up predicts poor prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis in clinical remission: the SONORE prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Mouterde Gael , Lukas Cédric , Filippi Nathalie , Marin Gregory , Molinari Nicolas , Combe Bernard , Morel Jacques 
Published: September 2024

Objectives(1) To assess the progression of ultrasonography-detected synovitis in a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in remission during 1 year of follow-up (2) to evaluate the ability of consecutive examinations of ultrasonography to predict relapse (R) or radiographic progression (RP) at 1 year.MethodsPatients with RA (2010 American College of Rheumatology-European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology criteria) in clinical remission (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28)<2.6 without clinically active synovitis) were included. An independent investigator performed ultrasonography every 3 months for 1 year. Ultrasonography-detected synovitis was defined as power Doppler-positive ultrasonography synovitis (PDUS) grade ≥1 in at least one joint. PDUS at ≥2 consecutive visits during the follow-up defined persistent PDUS. An increase of ≥1 point in the modified total Sharp score defined RP. An increase in DAS28-C-reactive protein (CRP)>0.6 or DAS28-CRP>3.2 and any modification of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or glucocorticoids defined relapse. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate factors associated with R/RP at 1 year.ResultsPDUS was detected in 75 (65.2%), 66, 60, 46 and 29 of the 115 patients with RA at baseline and at months 3, 6, 9 and 12, respectively. 58 (50.4%) patients exhibited persistent PDUS. After 1 year, 22/85 (25.9%) experienced relapse and 12 (14.1%) showed RP. On multivariate analysis, factors predicting R/RP at 1 year were persistent PDUS (HR=2.98, p=0.014) and an increase in DAS28-CRP level at the visit before relapse (HR=4.36, p=0.004).ConclusionPersistent PDUS during follow-up, rather than at baseline, predicted worse outcome at 1 year and requires careful monitoring.
Bovine lactoferrin and chimera lactoferrin prevent and destroy Salmonella Typhimurium biofilms in Caco-2 cells
Authors: Quintero-Martínez Laura E. , Canizalez-Román Adrián , Angulo-Zamudio Uriel A. , Flores-Villaseñor Hector , Velázquez-Román Jorge , Bolscher Jan G.M. , Nazmi Kamran , León-Sicairos Nidia 
Published: September 2024

Salmonellosis is a common foodborne disease caused by Salmonella bacteria. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella serotypes, such as Typhimurium, and Salmonella’s ability to form biofilms contribute to their resistance and persistence in host and non-host environments. New strategies are needed to treat or prevent Salmonella infections. This work aimed to determine the effect of the bovine lactoferrin (bLF) and lactoferrin chimera (LFchimera) in preventing or disrupting biofilms formed on abiotic surfaces or Caco-2 cells by S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 or an MDR strain. The inhibitory activity of planktonic bacteria, prevention of biofilm formation, and destruction of biofilms of S. Typhimurium (ATCC 14028 or MDR strain) on the abiotic surface and Caco-2 cells of bLF and LFchimera were quantified by CFU/mL and visualized by microscopy using Giemsa-stained samples. bLF (75–1000 µM) and LFchimera (1–20 µM) inhibited more than 95% of S. Typhimurium planktonic growth cultures (ATCC 14028 and MDR). In addition, bLF (600, 800, and 1000 µM) and LFchimera (10 and 20 µM) prevented more than 98% of S. Typhimurium adherence and biofilm formation on Caco-2 cells. Finally, bLF (600 and 1000 µM) and LFchimera (10 and 20 µM) destroyed more than 80% of S. Typhimurium biofilms established on abiotic and Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, bLF and LFchimeras have the potential to inhibit and destroy S. Typhimurium biofilms.