bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroacoustic Analysis of a Controlled Damping Planar CMOS-MEMS Electrodynamic Microphone
Authors: Tounsi Farès , Mezghani Brahim , Rufer Libor , Masmoudi Mohamed 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper gives a detailed electroacoustic study of a new generation of monolithic CMOS micromachined electrodynamic microphone, made with standard CMOS technology. The monolithic integration of the mechanical sensor with the electronics using a standard CMOS process is respected in the design, which presents the advantage of being inexpensive while having satisfactory performance. The MEMS microphone structure consists mainly of two planar inductors which occupy separate regions on substrate. One inductor is fixed; the other can exercise out-off plane movement. Firstly, we detail the process flow, which is used to fabricate our monolithic microphone. Subsequently, using the analogy between the three different physical domains, a detailed electro-mechanical-acoustic analogical analysis has been performed in order to model both frequency response and sensitivity of the microphone. Finally, we show that the theoretical microphone sensitivity is maximal for a constant vertical position of the diaphragm relative to the substrate, which means the distance between the outer and the inner inductor. The pressure sensitivity, which is found to be of the order of a few tens of μV/Pa, is flat within a bandwidth from 50 Hz to 5 kHz.
Ocena kosztów gospodarki skałą płonną w funkcji zmiennego poziomu współczynnika uzysku węgla netto na przykładzie kopalni węgla kamiennego
Authors: Kopacz Michał 
Published: January 2016

Streszczenie
Istotnym aspektem prawidłowo prowadzonego procesu zarządzania w kopalniach jest ocena potencjału złoża, jego optymalnego udostępnienia, zagospodarowania i eksploatacji. W ten zakres zagadnień włączają się niewątpliwie właściwie rozumiane aspekty kosztów urabiania skały płonnej, która towarzyszy procesowi wydobycia kopalin użytecznych.
Analizując dane dotyczące gospodarki skałą płonną w górnictwie węgla kamiennego w Polsce można zauważyć, że od roku 2010 ponad 30,0% całości wydobycia stanowią odpady wydobywcze. Na tle statystyki wydobycia węgla od roku 2003 ujawnia się ponadto rosnący trend w tym zakresie.
W artykule postawiono tezę, iż urabianie i wydobywanie skały płonnej istotnie i negatywnie wpływa na efektywność prowadzonego wydobycia oraz łączny poziom kosztów w kopalniach węgla kamiennego.
Artykuł stanowi próbę weryfikacji i kwantyfikacji realnych kosztów skały płonnej w przygotowanym na potrzeby symulacji modelu ekonomiczno-finansowym przykładowej kopalni węgla kamiennego w całym cyklu życia omawianego projektu.
W celu zweryfikowania postawionych tez badawczych zbudowano dedykowany model oceny, bazujący na metodach dyskontowych, w którym analizowano koszty skały płonnej pochodzącej zarówno z wyrobisk chodnikowych jak i ścian wydobywczych. Na jego podstawie zweryfikowano, oprócz samej oceny efektywności ekonomicznej nowego złoża, wpływ zmiennej ilości (i kosztów) skały płonnej na kluczowe mierniki (wskaźniki) ekonomiczno-finansowe projektu. Wpływ kosztów skały płonnej badano w zakresie współczynnika uzysku węgla netto (WUWN) od 50% do 99%.
Analiza potwierdziła, że dla skrajnie niskich wartości WUWN koszty urabiania skały płonnej mogą sięgać 48,3% całości kosztów operacyjnych w nowo projektowanej kopalni. Przy bazowym poziomie WUWN (74,6%) udział kosztów skały płonnej w całkowitych kosztach operacyjnych wynosi blisko 28,7%.
Dodatnia NPV, dla przyjętych bazowych wartości kluczowych zmiennych decyzyjnych, występuje dopiero przy poziomie WUWN w przedziale 77,0–80,0%. Dopiero przy wartości WUWN rzędu 80,0%, IRR jest wyższa od średniej efektywnej stopy dyskontowej w projekcie (RADR = 12,7% vs IRR = 12,8%).
Istotny wpływ na uzyskane wartości zmiennych zdyskontowanych ma przyjęta stopa RADR.
Przedstawione wyniki pokazują, że urabianie kamienia może być i jest niejednokrotnie bardziej kosztowne niż samego węgla.
The Effect of Aging Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 10Cr20Ni25Mo1.5NbN Austenitic Steel
Authors: Liang Zhiyuan , Sha Wanhua , Zhao Qinxin , Wang Chongbin , Wang Jianyong , Jiang Weiwei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe effect of aging heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 10Cr20Ni25Mo1.5NbN austenitic steel was investigated in this article. The microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. Results show that the microstructure of 10Cr20Ni25Mo1.5NbN austenitic is composed of austenite. This steel was strengthened by precipitates of secondary phases that were mainly M23C6 carbides and NbCrN nitrides. As aging treatment time increased, the tensile strength first rose (0–3,000 h) and then fell (3,000–5,000 h) due to the decrease of high density of dislocations. The impact absorbed energy decreased sharply, causing the sulfides to precipitate at the grain boundary. Therefore, the content of sulfur should be strictly controlled in the steelmaking process.
Language, conflict, and migration: Situating Arabic bilingual community education in the United States
Authors: Zakharia Zeena 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFocusing on the educational efforts of a diverse ethnolinguistic community, this article considers the rationales, mechanisms, and channels adopted by Arabic-speaking communities in the US to teach and learn the Arabic language. The article draws on research conducted with a number of Arabic speaking populations in New York to situate Arabic language education in the US within the transnational context of conflict and migration. By employing a transnational lens, it provides insights into both the growing interest in the Arabic language, and conversely, the challenges posed to Arabic bilingual community efforts. The findings illustrate the embeddedness of Arabic language efforts in the US within a larger sociopolitical and sociohistorical context of conflict. This context, I argue, has shaped the rationales and means adopted by US Arabic-speaking communities to teach the Arabic language to their American children.
Gyrostat Model Regular And Chaotic Behavior
Authors: Nikolov Svetoslav , Nedkova Nataliya 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDuring recent years, the interest in the phenomena of chaos in gyroscopic systems has been increasing. It is well-known, that depending on the speed of rotation, a gyroscopic system may lose or gain stability. Despite the overwhelming number of studies reporting the occurrence of various chaotic structures, little is known yet about the construction details and the generality of the underlying bifurcation scenarios that give rise to such chaotic (complex) behaviour.In this paper, we report a detailed investigation of the abundance of regular and chaotic behaviour for rigid body (gyrostat) motion. The model contains 6 parameters that may be tuned to produce rich dynamical scenarios. The results confirm that homoclinic and heteroclinic structures with two fixed points from saddle-focus type occur and the emergence of Shilnikov chaos takes place. Finally, we find new results concerning the system’s evolution and bifurcation scenarios for its routes to chaos.
The Development and Design of Engineering Economic Indicator System for Nanotechnology Industry Product Manufacturing: A Case Study of Latvia / Inženierekonomisko Rādītāju Sistēmas Attīstība Un Izveide Nanotehnoloģiju Industrijas Produktu Ražošanai: Latvijas Pieredze
Authors: Geipele I. , Staube T. , Ciemleja G. , Geipele S. , Zeltins N. , Ekmanis J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The current scientific paper is developed to continue the research on further commercialisation of the nanotechnology products of manufacturing industries in Latvia. To create the system of engineering economic indicators for multifunctional nanocoating technologies, the scientific indicators and their theoretical justification have been used, the issues from the experts’ analysis and survey of the Latvian companies operating in the nanotechnology industry have been summarised.
Some fractional integral formulas for the Mittag-Leffler type function with four parameters
Authors: Agarwal Praveen , Nieto Juan J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this paper we present some results from the theory of fractional integration operators (of Marichev- Saigo-Maeda type) involving the Mittag-Leffler type function with four parameters ζ , γ, Eμ, ν[z] which has been recently introduced by Garg et al. Some interesting special cases are given to fractional integration operators involving some Special functions.
Hom-structures on semi-simple Lie algebras
Authors: Xie Wenjuan , Jin Quanqin , Liu Wende 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A Hom-structure on a Lie algebra (g,[,]) is a linear map σ W g σ g which satisfies the Hom-Jacobi identity: [σ(x), [y,z]] + [σ(y), [z,x]] + [σ(z),[x,y]] = 0 for all x; y; z ∈ g. A Hom-structure is referred to as multiplicative if it is also a Lie algebra homomorphism. This paper aims to determine explicitly all the Homstructures on the finite-dimensional semi-simple Lie algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. As a Hom-structure on a Lie algebra is not necessarily a Lie algebra homomorphism, the method developed for multiplicative Hom-structures by Jin and Li in [J. Algebra 319 (2008): 1398–1408] does not work again in our case. The critical technique used in this paper, which is completely different from that in [J. Algebra 319 (2008): 1398– 1408], is that we characterize the Hom-structures on a semi-simple Lie algebra g by introducing certain reduction methods and using the software GAP. The results not only improve the earlier ones in [J. Algebra 319 (2008): 1398– 1408], but also correct an error in the conclusion for the 3-dimensional simple Lie algebra sl2. In particular, we find an interesting fact that all the Hom-structures on sl2 constitute a 6-dimensional Jordan algebra in the usual way.
Fractional derivative generalization
of Noether’s theorem
Authors: Khorshidi Maryam , Nadjafikhah Mehdi , Jafari Hossein 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The symmetry of the Bagley–Torvik equation is investigated by using the Lie group analysis method. The
Bagley–Torvik equation in the sense of the Riemann–Liouville derivatives is considered. Then we prove a Noetherlike
theorem for fractional Lagrangian densities with the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative and few examples
are presented as an application of the theory.
A Suite of Skeleton Models for the MJO with Refined Vertical Structure
Authors: Thual Sulian , Majda Andrew J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of variability in the tropical atmosphere on intraseasonal timescales and planetary spatial scales. The skeleton model is a minimal dynamical model that recovers robustly the most fundamental MJO features of (I) a slow eastward speed of roughly 5 ms−1, (II) a peculiar dispersion relation with dw/dk ≈ 0, and (III) a horizontal quadrupole vortex structure. This model depicts the MJO as a neutrally-stable atmosphericwave that involves a simple multiscale interaction between planetary dry dynamics, planetary lower-tropospheric moisture and the planetary envelope of synoptic-scale activity.Here we propose and analyze a suite of skeleton models that qualitatively reproduce the refined vertical structure of the MJO in nature. This vertical structure consists of a planetary envelope of convective activity transitioning from the congestus to the deep to the stratiform type, in addition to a front-to-rear (i.e. tilted) structure of heating, moisture, winds and temperature. A first example of skeleton model achieving this goal has been considered recently in work by the authors. The construction of such a model satisfies an energy conservation principle, such that its solutions at the intraseasonal-planetary scale remain neutrally stable. Here, additional classes of skeleton models are constructed based on the same principle. In particular, those new models are more realistic then the former one as they consider fully coupled interactions between the planetary dry dynamics of the first and second baroclinic mode and the details of the vertical structure of moisture and convective activity. All models reproduce qualitatively the refined vertical structure of the MJO. In addition,when considered with a simple stochastic parametrization for the unresolved details of synopticscale activity, all models show intermittent initiation, propagation and shut down of MJO wave trains, as in previous studies.
Numerical simulations of the humid atmosphere above a mountain
Authors: Bousquet Arthur , Chekroun Mickaël D. , Hong Youngjoon , Temam Roger M. , Tribbia Joseph 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNew avenues are explored for the numerical study of the two dimensional inviscid hydrostatic primitive equations of the atmosphere with humidity and saturation, in presence of topography and subject to physically plausible boundary conditions for the system of equations. Flows above a mountain are classically treated by the so-called method of terrain following coordinate system. We avoid this discretization method which induces errors in the discretization of tangential derivatives near the topography. Instead we implement a first order finite volume method for the spatial discretization using the initial coordinates x and p. A compatibility condition similar to that related to the condition of incompressibility for the Navier- Stokes equations, is introduced. In that respect, a version of the projection method is considered to enforce the compatibility condition on the horizontal velocity field, which comes from the boundary conditions. For the spatial discretization, a modified Godunov type method that exploits the discrete finite-volume derivatives by using the so-called Taylor Series Expansion Scheme (TSES), is then designed to solve the equations. We report on numerical experiments using realistic parameters. Finally, the effects of a random small-scale forcing on the velocity equation is numerically investigated.
Comparative Geometrical and Experimental Study on a New Sandwich Meta-Structure and its Classic Three-Layer Counterpart
Authors: Karczmarzyk Stanisław 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to compare some geometric parameters and deflections of a sandwich meta-structure with its classic, three-layer counterpart. Both structures are composed of the same materials and have the same external dimensions and mass, but their middle layers (cores) are different. The core of the sandwich meta-structure is a new spatial structure itself, consisting of there-layer bars. The core of the classic sandwich structure is a layer of the continuum. To make the comparison more general and convincing, three geometrical parameters, i.e., ratio of interfacial contact (Ric), interlayer bonding factor (Ibf) and coefficient of impact sensitivity (Cis), were introduced and applied. Deflections of the structures, simply supported at the edges and loaded in the mid-span by a static force, have been measured and are presented in the paper. Potential advantages of the new meta-structure are briefly outlined.
Numerical Analysis of Fluid Motion Inside Partially Filled Container Which is Moving in Unsteady Way
Authors: Sowińska Magdalena , Piechna Janusz 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The paper describes the behavior of the liquid in a container that moves with a constant speed along a track consisting of three arcs. Such a complicated track shape generates complex form of inertia forces acting on the liquid and generates the sloshing effect. The behavior of the tank container vehicle is affected by the time-dependent inertia forces associated with the transient sloshing motion of the liquid in the non-inertial frame. These internal excitations, acting on a tank construction, can cause a loss of stability of the vehicle. For that reason, the authors analyze the dynamic loads acting on the walls of the tank truck container. The variation of the position of the liquid cargo gravity center, that depends on the filling level of the container, is also analyzed.
The simulations were performed according to the varying fill level, which was 20%, 50% and 80% of a liquid in the whole tank volume. The simulations were carried out for a one-compartment container. Another aim of this study was the investigation of the influence of container division (tank with one, two and three compartments) on behavior of the liquid. These simulations considered only the half-filled container which was treated as a dangerous configuration prohibited by the law regulations for one-compartment tank. The results of simulation are presented in the form of visualization of temporary liquid free surface shape, variation of forces and moments, as well as frequency analysis. The results of simulation were analyzed, and some general conclusion were derived, providing the material for future investigation and modifications of the law regulations.
Three-Axis Attitude Estimation Of Satellite Through Only Two-Axis Magnetometer Observations Using LKF Algorithm
Authors: Mehrjardi Mohamad Fakhari , Sanusi Hilmi , Mohd. Ali Mohd. Alauddin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Estimation of satellite three-axis attitude using only one sensor data presents an interesting estimation problem. A flexible and mathematically effective filter for solving the satellite three-axis attitude estimation problem using two-axis magnetometer would be a challenging option for space missions which are suffering from other attitude sensors failure. Mostly, magnetometers are employed with other attitude sensors to resolve attitude estimation. However, by designing a computationally efficient discrete Kalman filter, full attitude estimation can profit by only two-axis magnetometer observations. The method suggested solves the problem of satellite attitude estimation using linear Kalman filter (LKF). Firstly, all models are generated and then the designed scenario is developed and evaluated with simulation results. The filter can achieve 10e-3 degree attitude accuracy or better on all three axes.
Metrological Analysis Of Microsoft Kinect In The Context Of Object Localization
Authors: Skalski Andrzej , Machura Bartosz 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive metrological analysis of the Microsoft Kinect motion sensor performed using a proprietary flat marker. The designed marker was used to estimate its position in the external coordinate system associated with the sensor. The study includes calibration of the RGB and IR cameras, parameter identification and image registration. The metrological analysis is based on the data corrected for sensor optical distortions. From the metrological point of view, localization errors are related to the distance of an object from the sensor. Therefore, the rotation angles were determined and an accuracy assessment of the depth maps was performed. The analysis was carried out for the distances from the marker in the range of 0.8−1.65 m. The maximum average error was equal to 23 mm for the distance of 1.6 m.
Noise Measurements Of Resistors With The Use Of Dual-Phase Virtual Lock-In Technique
Authors: Stadler Adam Witold , Kolek Andrzej , Zawiślak Zbigniew , Dziedzic Andrzej 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Measurement of low-frequency noise properties of modern electronic components is a very demanding challenge due to the low magnitude of a noise signal and the limit of a dissipated power. In such a case, an ac technique with a lock-in amplifier or the use of a low-noise transformer as the first stage in the signal path are common approaches. A software dual-phase virtual lock-in (VLI) technique has been developed and tested in low-frequency noise studies of electronic components. VLI means that phase-sensitive detection is processed by a software layer rather than by an expensive hardware lock-in amplifier. The VLI method has been tested in exploration of noise in polymer thick-film resistors. Analysis of the obtained noise spectra of voltage fluctuations confirmed that the 1/f noise caused by resistance fluctuations is the dominant one. The calculated value of the parameter describing the noise intensity of a resistive material, C = 1·10−21 m3, is consistent with that obtained with the use of a dc method. On the other hand, it has been observed that the spectra of (excitation independent) resistance noise contain a 1/f component whose intensity depends on the excitation frequency. The phenomenon has been explained by means of noise suppression by impedances of the measurement circuit, giving an excellent agreement with the experimental data.
Phage Endolysin: A Way To Understand A Binding Function Of C-Terminal Domains A Mini Review
Authors: Jarábková Veronika , Tišáková Lenka , Godány Andrej 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEndolysins are bacteriophage-encoded peptidoglycan hydrolases, which are synthesized in the end of phage reproduction cycle, in an infected host cell. Usually, for endolysins from phages that infect Gram-positive bacteria, a modular structure is typical. Therefore, these are composed of at least two separate functional domains: an N-terminal catalytic domain (EAD) and a C-terminal cell wall binding domain (CBD). Specific ligand recognition of CBDs and following peptidoglycan (PG) binding mostly allows a rapid lytic activity of an EAD. Here we briefly characterize phage endolysin CBDs in conjuction with their domain architecture, (non)necessity for the following lytic activity and a high/low specificity of their ligands as well. Such an overall assessment of CBDs may help to find new ways to widen opportunities in their protein design to create ‛designer recombinant endolysins’ with diverse applications.
Bacterial Reduction Of Barium Sulphate By Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria
Authors: Luptáková Alena , Kotuličová Ingrida , Bálintová Magdaléna , Demčák Štefan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAcid mine drainage (AMD) is a worldwide problem leading to contamination of water sources. AMD are characterized by low pH and high content of heavy metals and sulphates. The barium salts application presents one of the methods for the sulphates removing from AMD. Barium chloride, barium hydroxide and barium sulphide are used for the sulphates precipitation in the form of barium sulphate. Because of high investment costs of barium salts, barium sulphide is recycled from barium sulphate precipitates. It can be recycled by thermic or bacterial reduction of barium sulphate. The aim of our study was to verify experimentally the possibility of the bacterial transformation of BaSO4to BaS by sulphate-reducing bacteria. Applied BaSO4came from experiments of sulphates removal from Smolnik AMD using BaCl2.