bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate Governance and Bank Competition Empirical Study on the Jordanian Commercial Banks Listed in Amman Stock Exchange over the Period (2001-2014)
Authors: Hashem Abdulrahman , Ayoub Fadi Mousa , Ata Haitham Bani 
Published: December 2015

<p>The purpose of this paper is to identify the effect of corporate governance implementation on the commercial banks’ competition in Jordan. Bank competition is tested by using Panzar and Rosse H statistics model and the researchers applied it on the collected data into two periods of time (2001-2007 and 2008-2014), taking into consideration that corporate governance was first implemented in the Jordanian banking sector on 31/12/2007. The researchers used Mann-Whitney Test to compare the results of both time phases. The results showed insignificant effect of corporate governance on bank competition that can be linked to certain reasons including the immaturity of corporate governance’s implementation in the Jordanian banking sector, the socio political upheavals that affected Jordan, and the differentiation of bank services between banks led to a more monopolistic behavior. This paper urges other researchers and practitioners to take their role into updating and modifying corporate governance to positively enhance bank competition taking into account the political turbulences in the neighboring countries and the movement of cash across the region and passing the country. </p>
Reconciling Economics and Ethics in Business Ethics Education: The Case of Objectivism
Authors: Dent Eric B. , Parnell John A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractToday, capitalism is in question, as the 2013 Academy of Management conference theme claimed. Many view business skeptically because they see capitalism as incompatible with ethics. The same problem pervades the business ethics education classroom. Business ethics can be taught in a way that demonstrates that economics and ethics are compatible and are integrated most directly in the function of management. This essay provides an overview of Ayn Rand’s philosophy as an alternative to current conventions but largely consistent with approaches such as virtue ethics and conscious capitalism. The essay concludes with challenges to teaching Objectivism in business schools.
Business in Ayn Rand’s Atlas Shrugged
Authors: Younkins Edward W. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Atlas Shrugged is a novel about business and the people who create businesses. This article describes Ayn Rand’s treatment of business and entrepreneurs in the novel. It begins with an explanation of how Atlas Shrugged demonstrates that wealth and profit are creations of the human mind. The next section compares the worldviews of the novel’s business heroes and villains. This is followed by an in-depth analysis of the novel’s main business protagonists—Dagny Taggart and Hank Rearden. The next part provides summaries of other business characters. The last section examines how the novel is used in college-level business courses.
Status of cold chain management among health care providers in Qatar: Primary health care center based intervention study
Authors: Al-Hajri Mohammed Mohammed , Salem Enayat , Rady Mervat , Al-Kuwari Mohamed Ghaith , Al-Romaihi Hamad Eid , Ganesan Nandakumar , Al-Yafei Amal Mohammed , Alkohji Sadriya 
Published: December 2015

Objective: The study aimed to assess cold chain management status among health care professionals at primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Qatar. Methods: A cross-sectional design with pre-post intervention study was conducted in 21 PHCCs. A structured cold chain checklist was used to collect data regarding the status of cold chain management system in the centers before and after educational intervention. Results: Prior to the intervention, six key criteria for cold chain management were present in all 21 PHCCs (100%), eight were present in >80%, another eight were present in 60–80%, while 13 were present in < 60%. Post intervention, these figures improved to 8, 13, 4, and 10 respectively. Conclusion: In Qatar, cold chain management system practices among primary health care workers were generally positive. These practices significantly improved following an educational intervention within the targeted primary health care centers. Therefore, it is recommended that all health care professionals working in PHCCs should receive mandatory cold chain management training prior to their initiation of clinical practice to ensure delivery of safe and effective vaccines in Qatar.
HIV Prevalence in Vulnerable Children Living in Jos, Plateau State, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Abok I. , Banwat M. , Oguche S. , Okolo S.N. , Zoakah Ayuba 
Published: December 2015

Background: The lack of Parental supervision, including psycho social problems and decrease access to basic needs such as food, shelter, clothing, education and health care are examples of the enormous challenges faced by Vulnerable children (VC). These challenges pushes VC to adopt survival and coping strategies, of which some are exposure variables of sexually transmitted infection including HIV infection. In addition, some of these children were orphaned and made vulnerable by HIV. As such, VC should benefit from a health provider initiated counseling and testing for HIV as recommended by the Nigerian HIV policy. However, focus on screening VC for HIV infection has been abysmal; it is on this premise that this study set out to determine the HIV prevalence of vulnerable children in Jos, Nigeria.
Methods: Vulnerable children were sampled from 3 different institutions and from households in 3 different communities in Jos, Plateau State with the assistance of Non-Governmental organizations involved in the care of VC. All VC enrolled were interviewed, clinically examined and screened for HIV based on national protocol and standard. Data generated were analyzed using CDC epi info version 7. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Out of the 237 children enrolled 145 (61.2%) were male VC while 92(38.8%) were female vulnerable children, giving a male female ratio of 1.0: 0.6. HIV sero - positivity was identified in 9 of the 237 VC giving a prevalence of 3.8%, amongst the study subjects. Out of the 9 HIV positive VC, 7 VC (77.8%) were resident in institutions; only two household VC were HIV positive. There was no statistically significant association between place of residence, age of VC, gender and type of vulnerability and HIV status among the studied population.
Conclusion: The HIV prevalence of 3.8% in vulnerable children is enormous and appears to be higher amongst children resident in orphanages than those in household
Análisis estructural de la convivencia escolar desde el modelo de la European Foundation Quality Management (EFQM)
Authors: Tirado Morueta Ramón , Conde Vélez Sara 
Published: December 2015

Ante la ausencia de estudios que aborden de forma estructural el fenómeno de la convivencia escolar, este artículo presenta un análisis complejo de la gestión de la convivencia en centros de educación secundaria. Para ello, sin ánimo de excluir otras alternativas, se toma como marco de referencia el modelo de la European Foundation Quality Management (EFQM). La muestra la componen un total de 46 centros educativos de Andalucía que pertenecen a la red “Escuela: Espacio de Paz”. Como instrumento se utiliza el cuestionario,<br />aplicado a 46 coordinadores y 46 familiares, integrantes de las comisiones de convivencia escolar. Para el análisis se recurre al uso de ecuaciones estructurales que permite observar las relaciones de influencia entre factores. Los resultados confirman la validez del modelo EFQM para el análisis de la convivencia escolar, si bien, se insiste en la necesidad de replicar el estudio y de fortalecer la validez teórica del modelo.
¿Pueden las TIC mejorar los resultados académicos? Diseños formativos y didácticos con soporte TIC que mejoran los aprendizajes: el caso de los contenidos digitales de ortografía de Digital-Text
Authors: Prats I Fernández Miquel Àngel , Ojando Pons Elena Sofía 
Published: December 2015

El presente trabajo pretende verificar si la aplicación sistemática de determinadas metodologías didácticas con el apoyo de los libros de texto digitales y una formación adecuada al profesorado puede comportar mejoras significativas en los aprendizajes de los estudiantes y en su rendimiento académico. Concretamente se ha elaborado una propuesta de trabajo entorno a la ortografía catalana con materiales didácticos de libros digitales, dirigida a alumnos de primero de ESO, etapa educativa donde se ha hecho una inversión importante en dotación tecnológica<br />(aulas del proyecto eduCAT 1x1) y por lo tanto, se utilizan libros y material educativo digital.<br />En el estudio han participado 27 centros educativos de Cataluña. Concretamente, en 18 de estos centros -centros experimentales- se ha aplicado esta metodología y los otros 9 centros restantes -centros control - han trabajado los mismos contenidos sin utilizar recursos TIC. Los resultados de la experimentación confirman que los alumnos del grupo experimental obtienen resultados significativamente mejores en los exámenes. Por lo tanto, en este estudio se pone de manifiesto que la debida formación al profesorado en medios digitales; la realización sistemática de determinadas actividades de aprendizaje con soporte TIC previamente<br />planificadas y con un elevado grado de intencionalidad de refuerzo y repaso permite mejorar los aprendizajes y los resultados académicos de los estudiantes.
Au-loaded TiO2 and Ag-loaded TiO2 synthesized by modified sol–gel/impregnation method as photocatalysts
Authors: Ninsonti Hathaithip , Sriwichai Saengrawee , Wetchakun Natda , Kangwansupamonkon Wiyong , Phanichphant Sukon 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this work, Au-loaded TiO2 and Ag-loaded TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by modified sol–gel method together with impregnation method. The samples were characterized by their physicochemical properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in order to obtain the correlation between structure and photocatalytic properties. XRD results indicated unloaded TiO2, Au-loaded TiO2 and Ag-loaded TiO2 nanoparticles were all in the anatase phase with average crystallite size in the range of 10–13 nm. In addition, XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Au and Ag elements in Au-loaded TiO2 and Ag-loaded TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of TiO2, Au-loaded TiO2 and Ag-loaded TiO2 nanoparticles were evaluated through the mineralization of formic acid under UV-light illumination. The results showed that Au-loading and Ag-loading could effectively improve the photocatalytic activities of TiO2. Furthermore, Au-loaded TiO2 exhibited a higher photocatalytic activity than Ag-loaded TiO2.
The influence of curricular and extracurricular learning activities on students' choice of chiropractic technique
Authors: Sikorski David M. , KizhakkeVeettil Anupama , Tobias Gene S. 
Published: December 2015

Objective: Surveys for the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners indicate that diversified chiropractic technique is the most commonly used chiropractic manipulation method. The study objective was to investigate the influences of our diversified core technique curriculum, a technique survey course, and extracurricular technique activities on students' future practice technique preferences.
Methods: We conducted an anonymous, voluntary survey of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year chiropractic students at our institution. Surveys were pretested for face validity, and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: We had 164 students (78% response rate) participate in the survey. Diversified was the most preferred technique for future practice by students, and more than half who completed the chiropractic technique survey course reported changing their future practice technique choice as a result. The students surveyed agreed that the chiropractic technique curriculum and their experiences with chiropractic practitioners were the two greatest bases for their current practice technique preference, and that their participation in extracurricular technique clubs and seminars was less influential.
Conclusions: Students appear to have the same practice technique preferences as practicing chiropractors. The chiropractic technique curriculum and the students' experience with chiropractic practitioners seem to have the greatest influence on their choice of chiropractic technique for future practice. Extracurricular activities, including technique clubs and seminars, although well attended, showed a lesser influence on students' practice technique preferences.
Unblocking temperatures of viscous remanent magnetism in displaced granitic boulders, Icicle Creek glacial moraines (Washington, USA)
Authors: Crider Juliet G. , Globokar Danika M. , Burmester Russell F. , Housen Bernard A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractViscous remanent magnetization (VRM) may partially overprint original magnetization in rocks displaced by geomorphic events. An established theoretical relationship between the time and temperature of acquisition of VRM and the time and temperature of demagnetization suggests that laboratory demagnetization (unblocking) of VRM can be used to estimate the displacement age of rocks. We test this hypothesis at four nested glacial moraines in the Icicle Creek drainage of central Washington, the ages of which were previously determined by cosmogenic surface exposure dating. The moraines are composed primarily of granodiorite boulders, and magnetic remanence is carried dominantly by magnetite. Both the maximum and average pVRM demagnetization temperatures (TD) increase with relative age of the moraines. For the three younger moraines, the average TD yields an age comparable to the cosmogenic age, within uncertainty of pVRM acquisition temperature. Uncertainty in the acquisition and demagnetization temperatures can limit the utility of pVRM for absolute dating.
Seismic anisotropy in the Earth's innermost inner core: Testing structural models against mineral physics predictions
Authors: Romanowicz Barbara , Cao Aimin , Godwal Budhiram , Wenk Rudy , Ventosa Sergi , Jeanloz Raymond 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUsing an updated data set of ballistic PKIKP travel time data at antipodal distances, we test different models of anisotropy in the Earth's innermost inner core (IMIC) and obtain significantly better fits for a fast axis aligned with Earth's rotation axis, rather than a quasi‐equatorial direction, as proposed recently. Reviewing recent results on the single crystal structure and elasticity of iron at core conditions, we find that an hcp structure with the fast c axis parallel to Earth's rotation is more likely but a body‐centered cubic structure with the [111] axis aligned in that direction results in very similar predictions for seismic anisotropy. These models are therefore not distinguishable based on current seismological data. In addition, to match the seismological observations, the inferred strength of anisotropy in the IMIC (6–7%) implies almost perfect alignment of iron crystals, an intriguing, albeit unlikely situation, especially in the presence of heterogeneity, which calls for further studies.
Dome growth at Mount Cleveland, Aleutian Arc, quantified by time series TerraSAR‐X imagery
Authors: Wang Teng , Poland Michael P. , Lu Zhong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSynthetic aperture radar imagery is widely used to study surface deformation induced by volcanic activity; however, it is rarely applied to quantify the evolution of lava domes, which is important for understanding hazards and magmatic system characteristics. We studied dome formation associated with eruptive activity at Mount Cleveland, Aleutian Volcanic Arc, in 2011–2012 using TerraSAR‐X imagery. Interferometry and offset tracking show no consistent deformation and only motion of the crater rim, suggesting that ascending magma may pass through a preexisting conduit system without causing appreciable surface deformation. Amplitude imagery has proven useful for quantifying rates of vertical and areal growth of the lava dome within the crater from formation to removal by explosive activity to rebirth. We expect that this approach can be applied at other volcanoes that host growing lava domes and where hazards are highly dependent on dome geometry and growth rates.
Hail potential in Europe based on a regional climate model hindcast
Authors: Mohr S. , Kunz M. , Geyer B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDue to the local‐scale nature of hail and a lack of appropriate observation systems, comprehensive, reliable, and consistent information about hail frequency and intensity in Europe is not available. To overcome this constraint, we developed a logistic hail model that quantifies the potential of the atmosphere to form hailstorms. The model is based on a combination of appropriate hail‐relevant meteorological parameters. This paper presents the application of an adjusted version of the logistic model with the objective being to estimate the hail potential across Europe based on dynamically downscaled National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research1 reanalysis over a long‐term period of 60 years (1951–2010). The model output, in terms of the potential hail index (PHI), identified several hot spots that are well known from other observational studies. Time series of the PHI over the 60 year period show a high correlation at different sites across Europe and high annual and multiannual variability, but no overall trend.
SAR arcs we have seen: Evidence for variability in stable auroral red arcs
Authors: Mendillo Michael , Baumgardner Jeffrey , Wroten Joei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSince 1987, an all‐sky airglow imaging system has operated from a site at the Millstone Hill/Haystack Observatory in Westford, MA. During the ~2.5 solar cycles from 1987 to 2014, many studies using all‐sky images, in conjunction with incoherent scatter radar and satellite data, described subauroral, ionospheric disturbances observed during individual geomagnetic storms. The most prominent storm time optical feature from a subauroral site is a stable auroral red (SAR) arc. The standard use of a SAR arc's position is to locate the ionospheric footprint of the narrow plasmapause‐ring current interaction region where heat conduction from the inner magnetosphere excites emission within the F layer trough. When mapped from an emission altitude of 400 km to the geomagnetic equatorial plane, SAR arcs from Millstone Hill give the location of the plasmapause at radial distances between 2 to 4.5 Earth radii. A total of 314 SAR arcs have been observed during the 27 years of imaging at Millstone Hill. We find no single morphology for all SAR arcs, but rather patterns that occasionally depart from stability in space and time. We have classified these into five categories: longevity, multiplicity, zonal structure, latitudinal inhomogeneity, and tilt with respect to geomagnetic coordinates. In each case, the implications for the inner magnetosphere sources that drive SAR arcs are explored. While individual SAR arc variability characteristics have been noted in previous studies, here we describe for the first time all five types from the same site—an aspect not yet addressed in either magnetosphere or ionosphere modeling studies.
Erzeugung von Festkörperlumineszenz durch Koordination der Lewis‐Säure B(C6F5)3 an nicht‐emittierende Aldehyde
Authors: Hansmann Max M. , López‐Andarias Alicia , Rettenmeier Eva , Egler‐Lucas Carolina , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Romero‐Nieto Carlos 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDie einfache Koordination der Lewis‐Säure B(C6F5)3 an klassische, nicht‐emittierende Aldehyde führt zu Festkörperphotolumineszenz. Das Variieren der elektronischen Eigenschaften der Carbonylverbindungen ermöglicht eine Wellenlängenmodulation der Festkörperemission, durch die das gesamte sichtbare Spektrum mit Quantenausbeuten bis zu 0.64 abgedeckt werden kann. Steady‐State‐Spektroskopie in Kombination mit Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse und DFT‐Rechnungen bestätigt die intermolekularen Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Lewis‐Addukten als Ursache für die beobachtete Lumineszenz. Änderungen dieser intermolekularen Wechselwirkungen induzieren darüber hinaus bemerkenswerte Festkörperphänomene wie Piezochromie. Die Vielseitigkeit und Einfachheit unserer Methode erleichtert die zukünftige Entwicklung festkörperemittierender Materialien.
Amavadin and Homologues as Mediators of Water Oxidation
Authors: Domarus Magdalena , Kuznetsov Maxim L. , Marçalo Joaquim , Pombeiro Armando J. L. , da Silva José Armando L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe vanadium(IV) N‐hydroxyiminodicarboxylate complexes [V(HIDPA)2]2− and [V(HIDA)2]2−, close models of the amavadin (a natural product from Amanita fungi lacking the V=O group but exhibiting a rare NO‐bound oxyiminate moiety), are shown to be the first recognized complexes of the early transition metals (up to periodic Group 7) that mediate the oxidation of water. The reactions were analyzed by visible spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, and measurement of evolved dioxygen using Ce4+ as sacrificial oxidant. A mechanism proposed on the basis of DFT calculations involves the reversible oxidation to the mononuclear VV‐{ON˙<} center, where the redox active oxyimino group plays a key role and metal oxidation state variation is only one unit. The more similar model of the metallobiomolecule, [V(HIDPA)2]2−, displays a lower oxidation rate than [V(HIDA)2]2− but does not undergo appreciable degradation, in contrast to the latter.
Entropy‐Driven Selectivity for Chain Scission: Where Macromolecules Cleave
Authors: Pahnke Kai , Brandt Josef , Gryn'ova Ganna , Lin Ching Y. , Altintas Ozcan , Schmidt Friedrich G. , Lederer Albena , Coote Michelle L. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe show that, all other conditions being equal, bond cleavage in the middle of molecules is entropically much more favored than bond cleavage at the end. Multiple experimental and theoretical approaches have been used to study the selectivity for bond cleavage or dissociation in the middle versus the end of both covalent and supramolecular adducts and the extensive implications for other fields of chemistry including, e.g., chain transfer, polymer degradation, and control agent addition are discussed. The observed effects, which are a consequence of the underlying entropic factors, were predicted on the basis of simple theoretical models and demonstrated via high‐temperature (HT) NMR spectroscopy of self‐assembled supramolecular diblock systems as well as temperature‐dependent size‐exclusion chromatography (TD SEC) of covalently bonded Diels–Alder step‐growth polymers.
Probing Force with Mechanobase‐Induced Chemiluminescence
Authors: Clough Jess M. , Balan Abidin , van Daal Tom L. J. , Sijbesma Rint P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMechanophores capable of releasing N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC), a strong base, are combined with triggerable chemiluminescent substrates to give a novel system for mechanically induced chemiluminescence. The mechanophores are palladium bis‐NHC complexes, centrally incorporated in poly(tetrahydrofuran) (pTHF). Chemiluminescence is induced from two substrates, adamantyl phenol dioxetane (APD) and a coumaranone derivative, upon sonication of dilute solutions of the polymer complex and either APD or the coumaranone. Control experiments with a low molecular weight Pd complex showed no significant activation and the molecular weight dependence of the coumaranone emission supports the mechanical origin of the activation. The development of this system is a first step towards mechanoluminescence at lower force thresholds and catalytic mechanoluminescence.