bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of men and women with medically diagnosed cluster headache in a national integrated healthcare system: A Veterans Health Administration cohort study
Authors: Seng Elizabeth K. , Burish Mark J. , Fenton Brenda T. , Schindler Emmanuelle A. D. , Zhou Bin , Phadke Manali A. , Skanderson Melissa , Best Rachel , Lipton Richard B. , Sico Jason J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveDescribe the epidemiology of cluster headache (CH) using Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Electronic Health Record (EHR) data.BackgroundEpidemiologic studies of CH at the population level are difficult because it has a prevalence of ~0.1%. Hospital system‐wide studies are an attractive alternative as they have large numbers of patients and broader populations than headache or neurology clinic‐based studies. The VHA is an ideal hospital‐based system in which to study CH because it is nationwide, predominantly male, has a strong focus on mood disorders and suicidality, and has accessible individual medical records. Here, we report the first headache study based on an ongoing longitudinal cohort of patients with CH using VHA EHR data.MethodsThe VHA EHR data were accessed from Fiscal Year 2008 to 2019. Patients with CH consisted of all patients with at least one outpatient visit containing a CH diagnosis code from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐9 or ‐10. We extracted data on demographic features, incidence, and prevalence, as well as pain and psychiatric comorbidities.ResultsOf the 1,524,960 distinct patients who presented for headache treatment in the VHA between Fiscal Year 2008–2019, 24,131 had at least one visit with a CH diagnosis. The 1‐year period prevalence of a CH diagnosis in the VHA ranges from 0.08% to 0.10% for women and 0.10% to 0.18% for men. A larger proportion of women versus men received a diagnosis of unspecified CH (59.6% [1412/2368] vs. 53.6% [11,663/21,763], p < 0.001). Most patients with CH had both comorbid headache and non‐headache pain diagnoses. Headache not‐otherwise‐specified was the most common comorbid headache disorder at 70.0% (16,885/24,131) and was more common in women (76.1%, 1801/2368) compared to men (69.3%, 15,084/21,763). Other common comorbidities included migraine, depression, tobacco use, and obstructive sleep apnea. Rates of suicidal ideation or attempt were almost 50% higher in women (5‐year proportion 9.4%, 222/2368) with CH compared to men (6.6%, 1433/21,763).ConclusionsTo our knowledge this is the largest hospital system study of CH to date and reinforces several previous studies. Pain, mental health, and sleep disorders comorbidities are particularly prevalent in this group and were often more common in women compared to men with CH. Future work should examine gender and race stratified prevalence estimates within the VHA and other healthcare systems.
HOW SHOULD HISTORIANS EMPATHIZE?
Authors: MARINO TAYNNA M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTReflecting on the ethical and unethical ways of empathizing is a necessary task for historians interested in the ethics of history. Research on empathy often classifies its various parts into affective, cognitive, and prosocial dimensions. However, in historical scholarship, the cognitive‐intellectual dimension of empathy is overemphasized to the detriment of its affective and prosocial dimensions, whose roles in determining the ways historians should practice history are often disregarded. In this article, I will discuss the relations between empathy and ethics and how historians should empathize. Doing so, I argue that empathy's ethical potential for historical scholarship needs to be de‐intellectualized by historical scholarship, a task that requires a complementary and supplementary approach to empathy that is in dialogue with moral philosophy, psychology, neurosciences, and animal studies. Only by recognizing empathy as a socially developed evolutionary capacity shared among humans and other species can historians fully develop its possibilities as a tool to guide human morality and ethical decision‐making. Finally, I will claim that empathy as an ethical imperative for an ethics of care and vulnerability should guide historians' ethics toward more responsive and responsible ways of relating with others across time, space, cultures, generations, species, and so on.
‘We are fragile, but we are strong’: A qualitative study of perspectives, experiences and priority outcomes for people living with HIV and frailty
Authors: Clair‐Sullivan Natalie St , Vera Jaime H. , Maddocks Matthew , Harding Richard , Levett Thomas , Roberts Jonathan , Adler Zoe , Bremner Stephen , Pargeter Gary , Bristowe Katherine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesAdvances in antiretroviral therapy have meant that the focus of HIV care has shifted to chronic disease management. The HIV population is ageing, and the prevalence of frailty is increasing. This study aimed to explore the perspectives and experiences of the impact of living with HIV and frailty and priority outcomes in relation to wellbeing and ageing.MethodsIn‐depth qualitative interviews were undertaken with older people living with HIV who screened positive for frailty using the FRAIL scale. Participants were recruited from a UK outpatient HIV clinic. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsIn total, 24 people living with HIV were interviewed. Frailty was described as not being able to do the things you could and living with limitations that impacted physical, psychological and social wellbeing. Being identified as frail was not always surprising, but acceptance of this diagnosis required an understanding of what frailty means and what they can do to address it. For people living with HIV, the word ‘frail’ was largely acceptable when its clinical meaning was explained. However, participants questioned whether a different term is needed if this is a new ‘HIV‐associated frailty’. Priority outcomes were slowing the progression of frailty, retaining independence and being treated holistically.ConclusionWhen talking about frailty with people living with HIV, professionals need to balance honesty and sensitivity and provide clear information about the meaning and impact for the person. Holistic management plans must recognize the physical and psycho‐social impact of frailty and prioritize slowing its progression and reducing its impact on independence.
Concept Analysis: The Occupational Experiences of Long‐Term Care Nurses—Navigating Fragmented Transitions
Authors: Bartlett Christine D. , Monagle Janet 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTransitions are broadly defined as movements from one place, stage, or subject to another. However, transitions which are broken and incomplete are referred to fragmented transitions. The aims of this concept analysis were to analyze the navigation of fragmented occupational transitions among long‐term care nurses and to develop a working conceptual definition of fragmented occupational transitions to inform diverse stakeholders.DesignConcept analysis.Data SourcesGoogle Scholar, PubMed, and the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases were accessed. Identified sources were interprofessional scholarly literature published between January 1, 2018, and January 1, 2024, and seminal references.MethodWalker and Avant's eight‐stage concept analysis method.ResultsOccupational transitions in long‐term care are fragmented leading to grievous challenges across multiple aspects of nurses' lives. An analysis of the literature using a Transitions Theory lens reveals that their thoughts, feelings and ethical decisions are influenced over time by these transitions. Cardinal attributes include: (1) Fragmentation, (2) Ill‐timing, (3) Disruption, (4) Liminality, (5) Ambiguity, (6) Ambivalence and (7) Facilitators/Inhibitors. Antecedents stem from external sources and facility‐led initiatives. Consequences encompass product and process outcomes. Product outcomes include physical and psychological conditions, and process outcomes encompass resilience, flexibility, connection, coping, creativity, and communication.ConclusionThis concept analysis advances the science for understanding nurses' occupational transitional experiences in long‐term care. It will assist in risk assessment and instrument development ultimately improving the quality of long‐term care.ImplicationsFragmented occupational transitions in long‐term care are multifaceted and complex phenomena that require distinct responses from government, healthcare leaders, and scholars to improve the plight of long‐term care nurses and stakeholders.Patient or Public ContributionDr. A. I. Meleis contributed to this article by sharing her vast insight into transitions.
Need for Human Interaction and Acknowledging Communication—An Interview Study With Patients With Aphasia Following Stroke
Authors: Loft Mia Ingerslev , Mathiesen Lone Lundbak , Jensen Frederik Gybel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore stroke patients' experiences of the communicative practice during their hospitalisation and describe strategies and supporting communication techniques applied by patients and nursing staff from the patient's perspective.DesignA qualitative descriptive study was undertaken.MethodsA qualitative approach was chosen; through a purposeful sample strategy, 13 semi‐structed interviews with 12 patients who had aphasia following stroke, and one patient had dysarthria. The interviews were video‐recorded and partially transcribed. Data were analysed according to Graneheim and Lundman's content analysis. Interview data were collected in 2022.ResultsThe analysis generated one overarching theme; Being acknowledged as an equal human being as it appeared to be a pervasive and underlying trait across the four categories; Waking up to a new communicative reality, A task‐oriented communicative agenda, Misunderstandings as a communicative dead end and Establishing a communication‐friendly environment: peace, patience and supporting techniques, describing the immediate and descriptive level. The patients did not seem to encounter a systematic approach to communication. They perceived the health care staff's communication as primarily task and purpose‐oriented, lacking deeper conversations, which seemed to leave several with unmet emotional and psychological needs. Emotional, relational and existential aspects seemed interwoven in communication.ConclusionThese findings contribute by illuminating an important patient perspective and ultimately, raising the point that from the perspective of patients the nursing staff's communication was primarily task and purpose oriented, and they lacked deeper conversations. Hence also raises the point that the use of supportive communication strategies alone will allow nursing staff to meet the existential needs of patients with aphasia. Supported communication needs to address compassionate and acknowledging aspects of communication.No Patient or Public Contribution in this paper.
A Scoping Review of Outcomes Measured and Involvement of People With Intellectual Disabilities in Active Support Research
Authors: Aspling Jenny , Svärd Veronica , Humphreys Lincoln , Bigby Christine , Tideman Magnus 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundActive Support is a staff practice that aims to increase engagement of people with intellectual disabilities. This study seeks to: (1) identify the outcomes of staff using Active Support and how these are measured; (2) identify how the views of people with intellectual disabilities have been included in Active Support research.MethodA scoping review was conducted of peer‐reviewed articles about Active Support published between 2009 and 2023.ResultsSixteen articles were identified. Outcomes included engagement, the quality of staff support, choice and challenging behaviour. Structured observations were the most frequently used measurement method. Only two studies explored people with intellectual disabilities' perspectives about Active Support.ConclusionsConsistent use of similar measures is a strength of Active Support research. Including perspectives of people with intellectual disabilities may provide insight into dimensions of support not been measured and assist in further developing these measures and Active Support practice.
Differential molecular characterization of human papillomavirus‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and its prognostic value
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Zhang Qihe , Zheng Zhuangzhuang , Xin Ying , Jiang Xin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a causative factor in the occurrence and progression of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). In recent years, clinical studies have found that HPV‐positive OPSCC patients may present a better prognosis than HPV‐negative patients, yet the underlying causes are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relevance of HPV infection and the prognosis of OPSCC. On this basis, we aimed to establish a prediction model to accurately predict the prognosis and guide clinical practice. We analysed the records of 233 patients with OPSCC. Cox regression was applied to identify factors associated with survival. Moreover, variables with significant discrepancies were integrated into a nomogram model to predict prognosis. The results showed that HPV was an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS. Immunoglobulin Heavy Constant Mu (IGHM) mRNA was significantly upregulated in patients with HPV‐positive OPSCC. Crucially, IGHM expression was associated with better prognosis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis both confirmed that the prognostic model exhibits good performance. In summary, HPV infection were independent prognostic factors for OPSCC. IGHM may be the key contributors to the prognostic differences in HPV‐associated OPSCC. This nomogram model was able to accurately predict the prognosis of patients.
Yap1 alleviates sepsis associated encephalopathy by inhibiting hippocampus ferroptosis via maintaining mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis
Authors: Yang Xin , Duan Haifeng , Li Sirui , Zhang Jing , Dong Liang , Ding Jingli , Li Xinyi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a serious neurological complication accompanied by acute and long‐term cognitive dysfunction. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death that is produced by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation. As a key transcriptional coactivator in the Hippo signalling pathway, Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) could target ferroptosis‐related genes. This study was aimed to determine whether Yap1 protects against SAE and inhibits ferroptosis via maintaining mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis. Caecal ligation puncture (CLP) was used to establish the SAE model, and LPS was applied in hippocampal cells to mimic the inflammatory model in vitro. The results showed that Yap1 conditional knockout in hippocampal caused lower survival in SAE mice and cognitive dysfunction, as proved by Morri's water maze (MWM) task, tail suspension test (TST), open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze test (EPMT). After Yap1 knockout, the production of ROS, MDA and Fe2+ and proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus were increased, indicating that Yap1 deficiency exacerbates CLP‐induced brain injury and hippocampus ferroptosis. Meanwhile, GPX4, SLC7A11, ferritin (FTH1) and GSH levels were decreased in the Yap1 knockout group. In vitro, Yap1 overexpression mitigated LPS‐induced hippocampal cell ferroptosis and improved mitochondrial function by inhibiting mitochondrial fission, as evidenced by lower mitochondrial ROS, cell viability, Fe2+ and the expression of Fis1 and Drp1. Further, the present study suggested that Yap1 could inhibit ferritinophagy‐mediated ferroptosis in the hippocampus via inhibiting mitochondrial fission, thus reducing cognitive dysfunction in SAE mice.
Efficacy of controlled‐release dinoprostone vaginal insert for elective induction of labor before due date
Authors: Tamai Junko , Ikenoue Satoru , Akita Keisuke , Fukuma Yuka , Tanaka Yuya , Hasegawa Keita , Otani Toshimitsu , Kasuga Yoshifumi , Tanaka Mamoru 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThe induction of labor before due date has recently been proved to reduce the rate of cesarean sections and is not associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes as compared to expectant management. Controlled‐release dinoprostone (PGE2) vaginal insert has recently been approved for use in Japan. However, evidence regarding its efficacy in cervical ripening and labor induction before due date remains limited. We aimed to compare the efficacy of PGE2 vaginal inserts and mechanical dilation for labor induction before due date.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 206 mothers at 37, 38, and 39 weeks' gestation delivered at our institution between January 2021 and October 2022. Perinatal outcomes, including the success rate of vaginal delivery, were compared between the PGE2 (n = 46) and metreurynter/laminaria tent (non‐PGE2) (n = 160) groups. The success rate of vaginal delivery was defined as the proportion of women who delivered vaginally within 48 h of initiating oxytocin augmentation.ResultsThe success rate of vaginal delivery was significantly higher in the PGE2 group (37/49, 80.4%) than in the non‐PGE2 group (106/177, 66.2%). Emergency cesarean section related to non‐reassuring fetal status was performed with none in the PGE2 group and with eight (5.0%) in the non‐PGE2 group.ConclusionsThe rate of vaginal delivery was significantly higher in the PGE2 group for elective labor induction between 37 and 39 weeks. The PGE2 vaginal insert could increase the success rate of vaginal delivery for elective induction of labor at 39 weeks.
Facilitators and barriers to implementing the Diabetes Prevention Program in rural church settings: A qualitative study using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Rawal Smita , Snead Caleb A. , Soiro Frantz D. , Lawrence Jeffery , Rivers Brian M. , Young Henry N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeThe CDC's Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is an effective lifestyle intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, DPP implementation in rural areas is limited. This study sought to address this gap by implementing DPP in rural church settings through a community–academic partnership and identifying implementation facilitators and barriers.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional qualitative study. Semistructured interviews guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) assessed church leaders' and lifestyle coaches' perceptions of implementing DPP in rural churches. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes through an inductive approach; then, these emergent themes were deductively linked to CFIR constructs. COREQ guidelines were used to report study findings.FindingsTwenty‐five stakeholders participated. Facilitators to implementing DPP included its evidence‐based effectiveness in preventing T2D, as well as support from the academic partner in terms of funding, training, and communication. Additionally, DPP's alignment with community needs, along with the active engagement of pastors in participant recruitment, supported implementation. Several barriers hindered DPP implementation, including transportation and childcare issues, as well as program participants' medical conditions/disabilities limiting their participation. Furthermore, rural residents' reluctance to adopt lifestyle changes and loyalty to family churches posed challenges to their engagement in DPP.ConclusionsThis study identified contextual factors influencing DPP implementation in rural communities. Findings highlight the importance of tailored strategies that leverage facilitators while proactively addressing barriers, including rural residents' reluctance to attend programs outside their church, resistance to lifestyle changes, and transportation issues to ensure successful DPP implementation in rural areas.
Population Genomics of Adaptive Radiations: Exceptionally High Levels of Genetic Diversity and Recombination in an Endemic Spider From the Canary Islands
Authors: Escuer Paula , Guirao‐Rico Sara , Arnedo Miquel A. , Sánchez‐Gracia Alejandro , Rozas Julio 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe spider genus Dysdera has undergone a remarkable diversification in the oceanic archipelago of the Canary Islands, with ~60 endemic species having originated during the 20 million years since the origin of the archipelago. This evolutionary radiation has been accompanied by substantial dietary shifts, often characterised by phenotypic modifications encompassing morphological, metabolic and behavioural changes. Hence, these endemic spiders represent an excellent model for understanding the evolutionary drivers and to pinpoint the genomic determinants underlying adaptive radiations. Recently, we achieved the first chromosome‐level genome assembly of one of the endemic species, D. silvatica, providing a high‐quality reference sequence for evolutionary genomics studies. Here, we conducted a low coverage‐based resequencing study of a natural population of D. silvatica from La Gomera island. Taking advantage of the new high‐quality genome, we characterised genome‐wide levels of nucleotide polymorphism, divergence and linkage disequilibrium, and inferred the demographic history of this population. We also performed comprehensive genome‐wide scans for recent positive selection. Our findings uncovered exceptionally high levels of nucleotide diversity and recombination in this geographically restricted endemic species, indicative of large historical effective population sizes. We also identified several candidate genomic regions that are potentially under positive selection, highlighting relevant biological processes, such as vision and nitrogen extraction as potential adaptation targets. These processes may ultimately drive species diversification in this genus. This pioneering study of spiders that are endemic to an oceanic archipelago lays the groundwork for broader population genomics analyses aimed at understanding the genetic mechanisms driving adaptive radiation in island ecosystems.
Contrasting Genomic Diversity and Inbreeding Levels Among Two Closely Related Falcon Species With Overlapping Geographic Distributions
Authors: Martin Audrey M. , Johnson Jeff A. , Berry Robert B. , Carling Matthew , Martínez del Rio Carlos 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGenomic resources are valuable to examine historical demographic patterns and their effects to better inform management and conservation of threatened species. We evaluated population trends and genome‐wide variation in the near‐threatened Orange‐breasted Falcon (Falco deiroleucus) and its more common sister species, the Bat Falcon (F. rufigularis), to explore how the two species differ in genomic diversity as influenced by their contrasting long‐term demographic histories. We generated and aligned whole genome resequencing data for 12 Orange‐breasted Falcons and 9 Bat Falcons to an annotated Gyrfalcon (F. rusticolus) reference genome that retained approximately 22.4 million biallelic autosomal SNPs (chromosomes 1–22). Our analyses indicated much lower genomic diversity in Orange‐breasted Falcons compared to Bat Falcons. All sampled Orange‐breasted Falcons were significantly more inbred than the sampled Bat Falcons, with values similar to those observed in island‐mainland species comparisons. The distribution of runs of homozygosity showed variation suggesting long‐term low population size and the possibility of bottlenecks in Orange‐breasted Falcons contrasting with consistently larger populations in Bat Falcons. Analysis of genetic load suggests that Orange‐breasted Falcons are less likely to experience inbreeding depression than Bat Falcons due to reduced inbreeding load but are at elevated risk from fixation of deleterious gene variants and perhaps a reduced adaptive potential. These genomic analyses highlight differences in the historical demography of two closely related species that have influenced their current genomic diversity and should result in differing strategies for their continued conservation.