bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct Impacts of Aerosols on an Evolving Continental Cloud Complex during the RACORO Field Campaign
Authors: Lin Yun , Wang Yuan , Pan Bowen , Hu Jiaxi , Liu Yangang , Zhang Renyi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A continental cloud complex, consisting of shallow cumuli, a deep convective cloud (DCC), and stratus, is simulated by a cloud-resolving Weather Research and Forecasting Model to investigate the aerosol microphysical effect (AME) and aerosol radiative effect (ARE) on the various cloud regimes and their transitions during the Department of Energy Routine Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Aerial Facility Clouds with Low Optical Water Depths Optical Radiative Observations (RACORO) campaign. Under an elevated aerosol loading with AME only, a reduced cloudiness for the shallow cumuli and stratus resulted from more droplet evaporation competing with suppressed precipitation, but an enhanced cloudiness for the DCC is attributed to more condensation. With the inclusion of ARE, the shallow cumuli are suppressed owing to the thermodynamic effects of light-absorbing aerosols. The responses of DCC and stratus to aerosols are monotonic with AME only but nonmonotonic with both AME and ARE. The DCC is invigorated because of favorable convection and moisture conditions at night induced by daytime ARE, via the so-called aerosol-enhanced conditional instability mechanism. The results reveal that the overall aerosol effects on the cloud complex are distinct from the individual cloud types, highlighting that the aerosol–cloud interactions for diverse cloud regimes and their transitions need to be evaluated to assess the regional and global climatic impacts.
A Multibasin Residual-Mean Model for the Global Overturning Circulation
Authors: Thompson Andrew F. , Stewart Andrew L. , Bischoff Tobias 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe ocean’s overturning circulation is inherently three-dimensional, yet modern quantitative estimates of the overturning typically represent the subsurface circulation as a two-dimensional, two-cell streamfunction that varies with latitude and depth only. This approach suppresses information about zonal mass and tracer transport. In this article, the authors extend earlier, zonally averaged overturning theory to explore the dynamics of a “figure-eight” circulation that cycles through multiple basins. A three-dimensional residual-mean model of the overturning circulation is derived and then simplified to a multibasin isopycnal box model to explore how stratification and diabatic water mass transformations in each basin depend on the basin widths and on deep and bottom-water formation in both hemispheres. The idealization to multiple, two-dimensional basins permits zonal mass transport along isopycnals in a Southern Ocean–like channel, while retaining the dynamical framework of residual-mean theory. The model qualitatively reproduces the deeper isopycnal surfaces in the Pacific Basin relative to the Atlantic. This supports a transfer of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Atlantic sector to the Pacific sector via the Southern Ocean, which subsequently upwells in the northern Pacific Basin. A solution for the full isopycnal structure in the Southern Ocean reproduces observed stratification differences between Atlantic and Pacific Basins and provides a scaling for the diffusive boundary layer in which the zonal mass transport occurs. These results are consistent with observational indications that North Atlantic Deep Water is preferentially transformed into Antarctic Bottom Water, which undermines the importance of an adiabatic, upper overturning cell in the modern ocean.
Eddy Cancellation of the Ekman Cell in Subtropical Gyres
Authors: Doddridge Edward W. , Marshall David P. , Hogg Andrew McC. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe presence of large-scale Ekman pumping associated with the climatological wind stress curl is the textbook explanation for low biological activity in the subtropical gyres. Using an idealized, eddy-resolving model, it is shown that Eulerian-mean Ekman pumping may be opposed by an eddy-driven circulation, analogous to the way in which the atmospheric Ferrel cell and the Southern Ocean Deacon cell are opposed by eddy-driven circulations. Lagrangian particle tracking, potential vorticity fluxes, and depth–density streamfunctions are used to show that, in the model, the rectified effect of eddies acts to largely cancel the Eulerian-mean Ekman downwelling. To distinguish this effect from eddy compensation, it is proposed that the suppression of Eulerian-mean downwelling by eddies be called “eddy cancellation.”
Pediatric-type nodal follicular lymphoma: a biologically distinct lymphoma with frequent MAPK pathway mutations
Authors: Louissaint Abner , Schafernak Kristian T. , Geyer Julia T. , Kovach Alexandra E. , Ghandi Mahmoud , Gratzinger Dita , Roth Christine G. , Paxton Christian N. , Kim Sunhee , Namgyal Chungdak , Morin Ryan , Morgan Elizabeth A. , Neuberg Donna S. , South Sarah T. , Harris Marian H. , Hasserjian Robert P. , Hochberg Ephraim P. , Garraway Levi A. , Harris Nancy Lee , Weinstock David M. 
Published: June 2016

Key Points
PTNFL is a biologically distinct indolent lymphoma characterized by common MEK/ERK pathway mutations. The biology of PTNFL is not defined by age, as the mutational profile is similar in pediatric and adult cases.
Morphometric Analysis of the Middle Clinoid Process Using Maxillofacial Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Miller Christopher , Chamoun Roukoz , Beahm David 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The interest in detailed anatomy of the sella and parasellar regions has resurged recently due to the wide clinical applications of the expanded endoscopic approaches to the skull base. The middle clinoid process (MCP) is a bony structure that can affect wide endoscopic exposure of the sella and parasellar region.

OBJECTIVE: To study and analyze the anatomic variations of the MCP in the general population using computed tomography scans.

METHODS: A total of 150 maxillofacial computed tomography scans were reviewed to characterize the MCP. Only adult patients without intracranial or nasal pathology were included. Measurements were made in the axial and sagittal planes to determine the maximum diameter, length, angulation, and location of the MCP.

RESULTS: The prevalence of the MCP was 30.7% in male and 42.7% in female patients. Of the MCPs, 41.8% were ring forming, whereas 76.4% were pneumatized. Quantitatively, the average axial base diameter was 4.6 ± 1.4 mm, the average sagittal base diameter was 5.0 ± 1.8 mm, the average length was 4.7 ± 1.7 mm, the average midline distance was 5.9 ± 2.3 mm, the average distance from the sellar-clival junction was 10.6 ± 3.3 mm, the average sagittal angle was 91.0 ± 21.1°, and the average axial angle was 45.2 ± 15.5°. A significant increase was found in the prevalence of MCPs in white patients compared with black patients, and a significantly greater midline distance and axial angle were found in male compared with female patients.

CONCLUSION: A clear understanding of the sellar and parasellar anatomy is crucial for successful and safe expanded endoscopic approaches. This study provides a quantitative anatomic characterization of the MCP in the U.S. population with demographic data analysis.
From reads to genes to pathways: differential expression analysis of RNA-Seq experiments using Rsubread and the edgeR quasi-likelihood pipeline
Authors: Chen Yunshun , Lun Aaron T. L. , Smyth Gordon K. 
Published: June 2016

In recent years, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has become a very widely used technology for profiling gene expression. One of the most common aims of RNA-seq profiling is to identify genes or molecular pathways that are differentially expressed (DE) between two or more biological conditions. This article demonstrates a computational workflow for the detection of DE genes and pathways from RNA-seq data by providing a complete analysis of an RNA-seq experiment profiling epithelial cell subsets in the mouse mammary gland. The workflow uses R software packages from the open-source Bioconductor project and covers all steps of the analysis pipeline, including alignment of read sequences, data exploration, differential expression analysis, visualization and pathway analysis. Read alignment and count quantification is conducted using the Rsubread package and the statistical analyses are performed using the edgeR package. The differential expression analysis uses the quasi-likelihood functionality of edgeR.
Аnalysis of Legal Regulation of Regional Technology Parks’ Activity: Tax Aspects
Authors: Евлоева  , Evloeva Madina 
Published: June 2016

The article analyzes legal regulation of activity of technoparks in sphere of high
technologies on the basis of existing legislation for improvement of financial and
economic activity of regional parks. Based on the analysis of the legal framework
for technology parks and innovation it is offered to consider a number of normative
and legal acts at regional and national level, providing relief and ensuring the
effective operation of technoparks. Methods of tax risks in the industrial Park
are used, the use of tax benefits as tax optimization is considered. The main
provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in the activity for established
technoparks in sphere of high technologies (on the example of under construction
technopark in the Republic of Ingushetia).
Analysis of monthly rates of return in April on the example of selected world stock exchange indices
Authors: Borowski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2016

The article presents a study of the effectiveness of 22 selected stock indices with the use of the rates of return in the month of April. The portfolio replicating the stock index was bought at the closing prices on the last session in March, and sold at the closing prices on the last session in April. The presence of market inefficiency is demonstrated in cases of the following indices: All-Ord, AMEX, BUX, CAC40, DAX, DJIA, DJTA, DJUA, EOE, FTSE100, SMI, SP500, but for the following indices: B-Share, Bovespa, Buenos, Hang-Seng, MEX-IPC, Nasdaq, Nikkei, Russel, TSE and WIG, the obtained monthly rates of return were statistically equal to zero. In the last part of the article, the correlation coefficients of rates of return for analyzed indices in month of April were surveyed.
Consistency as a Signal of Skills
Authors: Falk Armin , Zimmermann Florian 
Published: June 2016

This paper studies the role of consistency as a signaling device. We propose a two-period model that highlights the informativeness of consistency as a signal of skills and allows for the analysis of consequences for behavior. In a simple principal–agent experiment, we test the basic intuition of the model. We show that consistency is indeed associated with skills. Consequently, consistency is valued by others, inducing people to act consistently. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2459 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Redesigning Benders Decomposition for Large-Scale Facility Location
Authors: Fischetti Matteo , Ljubić Ivana , Sinnl Markus 
Published: June 2016

The uncapacitated facility location (UFL) problem is one of the most famous and most studied problems in the operations research literature. Given a set of potential facility locations and a set of customers, the goal is to find a subset of facility locations to open and to allocate each customer to open facilities so that the facility opening plus customer allocation costs are minimized. In our setting, for each customer the allocation cost is assumed to be a linear or separable convex quadratic function. Motivated by recent UFL applications in business analytics, we revise approaches that work on a projected decision space and hence are intrinsically more scalable for large-scale input data. Our working hypothesis is that many of the exact (decomposition) approaches that were proposed decades ago and discarded soon after need to be redesigned to take advantage of the new hardware and software technologies. To this end, we “thin out” the classical models from the literature and use (generalized) Benders cuts to replace a huge number of allocation variables by a small number of continuous variables that model the customer allocation cost directly. Our results show that Benders decomposition allows for a significant boost in the performance of a mixed-integer programming solver. We report the optimal solution of a large set of previously unsolved benchmark instances widely used in the available literature. In particular, dramatic speedups are achieved for UFL problems with separable quadratic allocation costs, which turn out to be much easier than their linear counterparts when our approach is used. This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Omnichannel Retail Operations with Buy-Online-and-Pick-up-in-Store
Authors: Gao Fei , Su Xuanming 
Published: June 2016

Many retailers have recently started to offer customers the option to buy online and pick up in store (BOPS). We study the impact of the BOPS initiative on store operations. We build a stylized model where a retailer operates both online and offline channels. Customers strategically make channel choices. The BOPS option affects customer choice in two ways: by providing real-time information about inventory availability and by reducing the hassle cost of shopping. We obtain three findings. First, not all products are well suited for in-store pickup; specifically, it may not be profitable to implement BOPS on products that sell well in stores. Second, BOPS enables retailers to reach new customers, but for existing customers, the shift from online fulfillment to store fulfillment may decrease profit margins when the latter is less cost effective. Finally, in a decentralized retail system where store and online channels are managed separately, BOPS revenue can be shared across channels to alleviate incentive conflicts; it is rarely efficient to allocate all the revenue to a single channel. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Incidence of Undetectable, Measurable, and Increased Cardiac Troponin I Concentrations Above the 99th Percentile Using a High-Sensitivity vs a Contemporary Assay in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Love Sara A , Sandoval Yader , Smith Stephen W , Nicholson Jennifer , Cao Jing , Ler Ranka , Schulz Karen , Apple Fred S 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
We compared the incidence of undetectable [below the limit of detection (LoD)], measurable (LoD to 99th percentile), and increased cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations above the 99th percentile between Abbott high-sensitivity cTnI (hs-cTnI) and contemporary cTnI assays in a US emergency department population.

METHODS
Patients (n = 2100) presenting to the emergency department who had serial cTnI (0, 3, 6, 9 h) measurements ordered on clinical indication were enrolled. Contemporary cTnI [Abbott Architect used clinically; 99th percentile: 0.030 μg/L (30 ng/L)] and hs-cTnI [Abbott investigational; sex-specific 99th percentiles: female (F) 16 ng/L, male (M) 34 ng/L] assays simultaneously measured fresh EDTA plasma.

RESULTS
The hs-cTnI assay measured fewer undetectable cTnI concentrations compared to the contemporary cTnI assay across baseline (F: 31% vs 47%, M: 22% vs 40%) and serial (F: 21% vs 46%; M: 19% vs 54%) measurements. Conversely, the proportion of measurable cTnI concentrations was higher using hs-cTnI compared to contemporary cTnI assay across both baseline (F: 46% vs 31%; M: 60% vs 33%) and serial (F: 48% vs 28%; M: 83% vs 40%) measurements. The overall proportion of patients with increased cTnI concentrations above the 99th percentile was not significantly different between the contemporary (31%) and hs-cTnI (26%) assays (P = 0.09).

CONCLUSIONS
In patients presenting to the emergency department, the use of the Abbott hs-cTnI assay provides clinicians with more numeric cTnI concentrations. This occurs via a shift from results below the LoD to those between the LoD and the 99th percentile and does not increase in the number of cTnI concentrations above the 99th percentile.
Investigating the mediating role of organizational learning in the relationship between knowledge management aspects and organizational performance of sepah bank in Ardabil province
Authors: Sahebnazar Daryoush , Dadfar Ebrahim 
Published: June 2016

The organization’s performance is considered as the qualitative and quantitative base of the development of any country. As long as the organizations do not conduct a survey to evaluate their knowledge assets, knowledge and organizational learning which are considered as the necessary parts of any organization, will not improve the performance and organizational development. Accordingly the aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of organizational learning in the relationship between knowledge management aspects and organizational performance. The population of this study includes employees of Sepah Bank in Ardabil province branches, and sampling was conducted based on Morgan table which its number was equal to 169 and finally 164 questionnaires were analyzed. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and its reliability was investigated and has been approved using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The collected data were studied using modeling techniques, structural equation, and bootstrapping. All of the stages were calculated using Stata and Lisrel software. The results showed that knowledge management aspects (knowledge creation, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing and application of knowledge) play a mediating role in the relationship between knowledge management and organizational performance.
Substance Use Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment
Authors: Levy Sharon J.L. , Williams Janet F. ,   COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE USE AND PREVENTION, Ryan Sheryl A. , Gonzalez Pamela K. , Patrick Stephen W. , Quigley Joanna , Siqueira Lorena , Smith Vincent C. , Walker Leslie R. 
Published: June 2016

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed November 2023.
The enormous public health impact of adolescent substance use and its preventable morbidity and mortality highlight the need for the health care sector, including pediatricians and the medical home, to increase its capacity regarding adolescent substance use screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT). The American Academy of Pediatrics first published a policy statement on SBIRT and adolescents in 2011 to introduce SBIRT concepts and terminology and to offer clinical guidance about available substance use screening tools and intervention procedures. This clinical report provides a simplified adolescent SBIRT clinical approach that, in combination with the accompanying updated policy statement, guides pediatricians in implementing substance use prevention, detection, assessment, and intervention practices across the varied clinical settings in which adolescents receive health care.
The Effects of Using Instructional Conversation Method on Oral Autonomy of Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners
Authors: Ghaffari Sahar , Fatemi Mohammad Ali 
Published: June 2016

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of instructional conversations on oral autonomy of Iranian English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Forty-nine Iranian intermediate EFL learners from three language institutes in Sarakhs were selected as the participants of the study based on their scores in Nelson Proficiency Test. Administering Nelson General Proficiency Test, participants were measured to make sure they are homogeneous. These participants were randomly assigned into to control and experimental groups. Participants in both groups sat for Learner Oral Autonomy Questionnaire with some modifications from Kashefian's learner autonomy questionnaire (2002). Results of independent samples t-test lack of any significant difference between the two groups in oral autonomy at the outset of the study. Throughout the study which lasted for 12 sessions participants in experimental group received the treatment, instructional conversations, as a tool for teaching speaking materials. Participants in the control group were taught the same materials as those practiced in the former group through such techniques as role playing, peer dialogues, and oral presentations. Finally, the posttest being the same as the pretest was administered. Results of independent samples t-test showed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control one in Oral Autonomy Questionnaire. The present findings provide pedagogical implications for employing instructional conversation in EFL speaking classrooms.
Majdan Nezalezjnosti: symbolikk og funksjon
Authors: Hansen Arve 
Published: June 2016

Much has been said and written about the Ukrainian revolution of 2013–14, yet research on Maidan Nezalezhnosti, the protests’ most iconic location, has thus far been rather limited. This article analyses the history, attributes and symbolism of this particular city space. What function does Maidan have in the Ukrainian society? In the cause of my fieldwork in Kyiv 2013–15 on the recent revolution, I found that Maidan has many features that make it a particularly suitable site for protests. In the current article I argue that several factors related to the square’s physical space, from its location between the religious, historical and political centres of Ukraine, to its proximity to important landmarks, as well as its infrastructure, shape, architecture, and size, make Maidan both a symbolic and a practical space to occupy for people demanding change. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union Maidan has acquired a special significance for Ukrainians. The name of the square itself could be interpreted as a protest against Russia, and the many protests and three revolutions on Maidan have given it a particular revolutionary meaning. I argue that Maidan functions as a socio-political safety valve – a place people turn to and turn up at to demand change when the formal political institutions fail to deliver.
Published: June 2016
Citation: Arve Hansen (2016) «Majdan Nezalezjnosti: symbolikk og funksjon». Nordisk Østforum 30 [2] 118–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.17585/nof.v30.424
Study of chloroanisoles assay and tca assay validation in wine and cork stoppers soaked in dilute alcohol solution using SIDA-HSSPME-GC-MS/EI-SIM*
Authors: Chatonnet Pascal , Labadie Dominique , Boutou Stéphane 
Published: June 2016

<p style="text-align: justify;">The work we present in this article aims at optimizing and validating the assay technique based on SIDA-HSSPMEGC- MS/EI-SIM by means of intra-laboratory trials (NF V03-110 AFNOR 1998 and MA-F-AS1-06-PROVAL (OIV)) on several chloroanisoles (2,4,6-trichloroanisole, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloroanisole, 2,3,4,5,6-pentachloroanisole) likely to contaminate wine by direct or indirect contact, in order to define the precise characteristics and limitations of the method.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">We showed this technique to be a specific, accurate, linear, and repeatable method. Moreover, seeing the increasing reliance on this type of approach in scientific research and industrial monitoring laboratories (ISO/TC87/GT10) to assess the quality of cork stoppers and because of the important quantity of 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole present in this kind of material, we deemed appropriate to carry out an inter-laboratory study (ISO 5725-1,2,3,4 and 5) of TCA assays on dilute alcohol soaks of corks using the same method. Our results should make it easier to understand and interpret assay results obtained in different laboratories using the same technique.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"> </p><p style="text-align: justify;">* : Stable Isotope Dilution Assay - Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction - Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry / Electron Impact / Selected Ion Monitoring.</p>