bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The child's behavior during inhalational induction and its impact on the anesthesiologist's sevoflurane exposure
Authors: Herzog‐Niescery Jennifer , Vogelsang Heike , Bellgardt Martin , Botteck Nikolaj Matthias , Seipp Hans‐Martin , Bartz Horst , Weber Thomas Peter , Gude Philipp 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundSevoflurane is commonly used for inhalational inductions in children, but the personnel's exposure to it is potentially harmful. Guidance to reduce gas pollution refers mainly to technical aspects, but the impact of the child's behavior has not yet been studied.AimsThe purpose of this study was to determine how child behavior, according to the Frankl Behavioral Scale, affects the amount of waste sevoflurane in anesthesiologists’ breathing zones.MethodsSixty‐eight children aged 36‐96 months undergoing elective ENT surgery were recruited for this prospective, observational investigation. After oral midazolam premedication (0.5 mg/kg body weight), patients obtained sevoflurane using a facemask with an inspiratory concentration of 8 Vol.% in 100% oxygen (flow 10 L/min). Ventilation was manually supported and a venous catheter was placed. The inspiratory sevoflurane concentration was reduced, and remifentanil and propofol were administered before the facemask was removed and a cuffed tracheal tube inserted. The child's behavior toward the operating room personnel during induction was evaluated by the anesthesiologist (Frankl Behavioral Scale: 1‐2 = negative behavior, 3‐4 = positive behavior). During induction mean () and maximum (), sevoflurane concentrations were determined in the anesthesiologist's breathing zone by continuous photoacoustic gas monitoring.ResultsMean and maximum sevoflurane concentrations were = 4.38 ± 4.02 p.p.m and = 70.06 ± 61.08 p.p.m in patients with positive behaviors and sufficient premedications and = 12.63 ± 8.66 p.p.m and = 242.86 ± 139.91 p.p.m in children with negative behaviors and insufficient premedications (: P < .001; : P < .001).ConclusionNegative behavior was accompanied by significantly higher mean and maximum sevoflurane concentrations in the anesthesiologist's breathing zone compared with children with positive attitudes. Consequently, the status of premedication influences the amount of sevoflurane pollution in the air of operating rooms.
Subsurface and outcrop characteristics of fluvial‐dominated deep‐lacustrine clinoforms
Authors: Fongngern Rattanaporn , Olariu Cornel , Steel Ron , Mohrig David , Krézsek Csaba , Hess Thomas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDeep‐lacustrine deposits provide records of palaeoclimate and tectonics, and often host major hydrocarbon reservoirs, but their facies description and long‐term stratigraphic architecture are not sufficiently reported. A combined outcrop and three‐dimensional seismic dataset in the western Dacian Basin of Romania is used to decipher depositional systems, basin‐fill architecture and clastic sediment dispersal across a narrow shelf. The lake clinoforms are about 400 m high in seismic images and all of their aggradational bottomsets total up to 350 m in thickness. Depositional elements and morphology of fluvial channels, delta lobe complexes, sublacustrine channel forms, sublacustrine canyons and deep‐lacustrine lobes are interpreted on the seismic attribute maps. Outcrops show that sharp‐based deltaic units contain thin delta‐front deposits. The slope succession is dominated by channel‐levée thin‐bedded turbidites with terrestrial debris. Thicker and coarser turbidites are found in sublacustrine channels. The channelized sandstones on the slope are 10 to 25 m thick and often overlie tens of metres thick mass‐transport deposits. Tabular turbidite beds, sandy‐conglomeratic debrites with shallow‐water fossils, mud‐rich mass‐transport deposits and hybrid event beds within fan lobes are found on the basin floor. The integrated seismic‐outcrop analysis suggests that low accommodation on the narrow (10 to 30 km) morphological shelf and high sediment supply resulted in the prograding lacustrine shelf‐margin clinoforms with fluvial‐dominated topsets and significant sediment bypass to the deep lacustrine. The late Miocene–Pliocene Dacian Basin provides a typical example of a supply (river)‐dominated basin margin and possible recognition criteria of deep‐lacustrine clinothems including: fluvial‐dominated topset deposits with abrupt vertical facies changes, bottomset‐dominated sediment partitioning and frequent sediment gravity flow activities denoted by closely spaced and aggradational channel‐levée systems, thick bottomsets and rare indications of sediment starvation in the deep‐lacustrine deposits.
Measuring and reporting campus sexual assault: Privilege and exclusion in what we know and what we do
Authors: Brubaker Sarah Jane , Keegan Brittany , Guadalupe‐Diaz Xavier L. , Beasley Bre’Auna 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAs awareness of and national attention to campus sexual assault in the U.S. has grown, efforts to study and respond to the problem have increased. While these efforts are to be applauded, they have yet to fully challenge or correct the privileged and exclusive perspectives and assumptions regarding student experiences of campus sexual assault. Specifically, the experiences of white, heterosexual, cisgender, middle‐class, and American citizens who are students at primarily elite, traditional colleges and universities are taken as the norm, while experiences of students of color, LGBTQ students, and international students are neglected. Here we examine two primary sources of information regarding campus sexual assault: large‐scale self‐report surveys and individual reporting to authorities. We first review the content of select large‐scale surveys used to gather and measure self‐reported data from students on the scope, prevalence, and character of campus sexual assault, and identify areas of omission and neglect regarding marginalized students. We then review literature on barriers to reporting to authorities specific to these groups that further exclude them from our understanding of the problem. We end with recommendations for improved efforts to study and respond to campus sexual assault that are more inclusive and comprehensive.
Towards design sociology
Authors: Lupton Deborah 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this review essay, I introduce and map the field of what I call “design sociology”. I argue that design research methods have relevance to a wide range of sociological research interests, and particularly for applied research that seeks to understand people's engagements with objects, systems and services, better engage publics and other stakeholders, work towards social change, and identify and intervene in futures. I discuss 3 main ways in which design sociology can be conducted: the sociology of design, sociology through design and sociology with design. I explain key terms in design and dominant approaches in social design research—participatory, critical, adversarial, speculative, and ludic design. Examples of how sociologists have already engaged with design research methods are outlined. The essay concludes with suggestions about what the future directions of design sociology might be.
Risk factors and clinical outcomes of pediatric liver transplant recipients with post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease in a multi‐ethnic Asian cohort
Authors: Huang James Guoxian , Tan Mervin Ye Qing , Quak Seng‐Hock , Aw Marion Margaret 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics, risk factors, and disease outcomes for liver transplant recipients (LTR) with post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) at our center.MethodsRetrospective review of data of all pediatric LTR (1991‐2015) was conducted.ResultsThe overall incidence of PTLD was 16.4% (18/110), the majority (13/18) were early lesions, while 3/18 were polymorphic/monomorphic PTLD. The risk factors significant on univariate analysis were as follows: mean age (years) at transplant (1.66 vs 4.76, P = .006); age <2 years at transplant (odds ratio [OR] 3.53 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16‐10.73], P = .026); cytomegalovirus (CMV) primary infection (OR 11.39 [95% CI: 3.44‐37.7], P < .001); recipient CMV seronegativity (OR 7.50 [95% CI: 2.02‐27.78], P = .003); presence of CMV end‐organ disease (OR 4.00 [95% CI: 1.22‐13.16], P = .022); Chinese ethnicity; and higher mean duration of intravenous ganciclovir prophylaxis. In multivariate analysis, CMV primary infection (OR 5.22 [95% CI: 1.25‐21.87], P = .024), CMV seronegativity (OR 5.91 [95% CI: 1.13‐30.90, P = .035]), and having acute cellular rejections (ACR) prior to PTLD (OR 5.53 [95% CI: 1.43‐21.48, P = .013]) were significant risk factors for PTLD, with the latter two factors having a synergistic effect in increasing PTLD risk in a stratified analysis. The final multivariate model in predicting the risk of PTLD, utilizing CMV primary infection, recipient CMV seronegativity, and ACR before PTLD as predictive variables, was statistically significant (likelihood ratio chi square statistic = 25.18, P < .0001 with df = 3).ConclusionsWe report a unique clinicopathologic and risk factor profile in our cohort—early lesion PTLD accounts for the majority and the incidence of monomorphic PTLD remains low. In addition, we show a synergism between CMV naivety and ACR on PTLD risk, a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal manifestations, and a lack of significant association with Epstein‐Barr virus seronegativity.
A RhABF2/Ferritin module affects rose (Rosa hybrida) petal dehydration tolerance and senescence by modulating iron levels
Authors: Liu Jitao , Fan Youwei , Zou Jing , Fang Yiqun , Wang Linghao , Wang Meng , Jiang Xinqiang , Liu Yiqing , Gao Junping , Zhang Changqing 
Published: October 2017

SummaryPlants often develop the capacity to tolerate moderate and reversible environmental stresses, such as drought, and to re‐establish normal development once the stress has been removed. An example of this phenomenon is provided by cut rose (Rosa hybrida) flowers, which experience typical reversible dehydration stresses during post‐harvest handling after harvesting at the bud stages. The molecular mechanisms involved in rose flower dehydration tolerance are not known, however. Here, we characterized a dehydration‐ and abscisic acid (ABA)‐induced ferritin gene (RhFer1). Dehydration‐induced free ferrous iron (Fe2+) is preferentially sequestered by RhFer1 and not transported outside of the petal cells, to restrict oxidative stresses during dehydration. Free Fe2+ accumulation resulted in more serious oxidative stresses and the induction of genes encoding antioxidant enzyme in RhFer1‐silenced petals, and poorer dehydration tolerance was observed compared with tobacco rattle virus (TRV) controls. We also determined that RhABF2, an AREB/ABF transcription factor involved in the ABA signaling pathway, can activate RhFer1 expression by directly binding to its promoter. The silencing of RhABF2 decreased dehydration tolerance and disrupted Fe homeostasis in rose petals during dehydration, as did the silencing of RhFer1. Although both RhFer1 and Fe transporter genes are induced during flower natural senescence in plants, the silencing of RhABF2 or RhFer1 accelerates the petal senescence processes. These results suggest that the regulatory module RhABF2/RhFer1 contributes to the maintenance of Fe levels and enhances dehydration tolerance through the action of RhFer1 locally sequestering free Fe2+ under dehydration conditions, and plays synergistic roles with transporter genes during flower senescence.
Nitric oxide is required for the insulin sensitizing effects of contraction in mouse skeletal muscle
Authors: Zhang Xinmei , Hiam Danielle , Hong Yet‐Hoi , Zulli Anthony , Hayes Alan , Rattigan Stephen , McConell Glenn K. 
Published: October 2017

Key points
People with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes can substantially increase their skeletal muscle glucose uptake during exercise and insulin sensitivity after exercise.
Skeletal muscle nitric oxide (NO) is important for glucose uptake during exercise, although how prior exercise increases insulin sensitivity is unclear.
In the present study, we examined whether NO is necessary for normal increases in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity after contraction ex vivo in mouse muscle.
The present study uncovers, for the first time, a novel role for NO in the insulin sensitizing effects of ex vivo contraction, which is independent of blood flow.
AbstractThe factors regulating the increase in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity after exercise are unclear. We examined whether nitric oxide (NO) is required for the increase in insulin sensitivity after ex vivo contractions. Isolated C57BL/6J mouse EDL muscles were contracted for 10 min or remained at rest (basal) with or without the NO synthase (NOS) inhibition (NG‐monomethyl‐l‐arginine; l‐NMMA; 100 μm). Then, 3.5 h post contraction/basal, muscles were exposed to saline or insulin (120 μU ml−1) with or without l‐NMMA during the last 30 min. l‐NMMA had no effect on basal skeletal muscle glucose uptake. The increase in muscle glucose uptake with insulin (57%) was significantly (P < 0.05) greater after prior contraction (140% increase). NOS inhibition during the contractions had no effect on this insulin‐sensitizing effect of contraction, whereas NOS inhibition during insulin prevented the increase in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity post‐contraction. Soluble guanylate cyclase inhibition, protein kinase G (PKG) inhibition or cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibition each had no effect on the insulin‐sensitizing effect of prior contraction. In conclusion, NO is required for increases in insulin sensitivity several hours after contraction of mouse skeletal muscle via a cGMP/PKG independent pathway.
Gaseous Deflagration in Piping: Part 1 — Experimental Observations
Authors: Ligon Thomas C. , Gross David J. , Minichiello John C. 
Published: October 2017

The focus of this paper is on gaseous deflagration in piping systems and the corresponding implications on piping analysis and design. Unlike stable detonations that propagate at a constant speed and whose pressure-time histories can in some cases be predicted analytically, deflagration flame speeds and pressure-time histories are transient and depend on both the gas mixture and geometry of the pipe. This paper presents pressure and pipe strain data from gaseous deflagration experiments in long and short test apparatuses fabricated from either 2-inch or 4-inch diameter pipes. These data are used to demonstrate a spectrum of measured pressure-time histories and corresponding pipe response. It is concluded that deflagrations can be categorized as either “high” or “slow” speed with respect to pipe response. Slow deflagrations can be treated as quasi-static pressurizations, but high speed deflagrations can generate shock waves that dynamically excite the pipe.
The existence of a transition from quasi-static to dynamic response has ramifications in regards to piping structural analysis and design, and a method for predicting the expected deflagration structural response using a semi-empirical flame acceleration model is proposed.
Effect of Uncontrolled Hydrogen Injection on SCC Susceptibility of 304L Steel in High Temperature Water
Authors: Medina-Almazán A. L. , Galicia-Aguilar G. , Zenteno-Suárez J. C. , Arganis-Juárez C. , López-García N. , Marín-Almazo M. 
Published: October 2017

For operation of existing nuclear power plants (NPPs) beyond their design lifetime (up to 80 years), one of the main issues is the assessment of the performance of its structures, systems and components (SSC) during the period of extended operation. In Boiling water reactors (BWR), the reactor pressure vessel internals (RPVI) components are submitted to both, Neutron irradiation and high oxidizing environment which lead (together, by itself or mixed with a sensitized condition) to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) [1–4]. One of the measures to mitigate SCC in BWR is the decrease of the Electrochemical Corrosion Potential (ECP) of the structural materials by the injection of hydrogen (1-2 ppm H2) and Noble Metal Chemical Addition (NMCA) or On-Line NobleChemTM (OLNC). However, ECP is a thermodynamic measurement that little says about the kinetics of the process of SCC; by the other side, literature shows that hydrogen has an effect on austenitic stainless steels under Light Water Reactors (LWR) environments in corrosion fatigue crack initiation and corrosion fatigue crack growth [4], whilst it has been observed an hydrogen effect by Slow Strain Rate Tests (SSRT) only in stainless steels irradiated to high fluence and in Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) primary water [4].
The results of Slow Strain Rate Tests (SSRT) performed in a 304L SS at 288°C and 8 MPa are presented in this work. 50% cold worked 304L SS was tested in High Oxygen Water Chemistry (HOWC, no hydrogen injection) and in HWC with Platinum hydrothermal deposits (PtHD); by the other hand, sensitized 304L SS with PtHD was tested under excess hydrogen injection condition (EHI, >8 ppm H2). It was observed that both, 50% cold worked 304L SS tested under HOWC and sensitized 304L SS with Pt deposits tested under excess hydrogen injection, fail in a brittle way, by transgranular stress corrosion cracking (TGSCC), whereas 50% cold worked 304L SS with Pt deposits tested in HWC presents a ductile fracture surface. Even the brittle behavior of the fracture surface of sensitized 304L SS with Pt deposits tested under uncontrolled hydrogen injection, it is not a embrittlement effect on the final elongation (εf), nevertheless it is seen a hardness increase that could be attributed to H2.
Life Extension of the 9975 Package As a Storage Container: Thermal Analysis
Authors: Kiflu Bereket , Hensel Steve J. 
Published: October 2017

The 9975 shipping package is used to store plutonium bearing material with a heat release of up to 19 Watts at the Department of Energy (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS). Individual 9975 packages have been used to store these materials for nearly 15 years. The 9975 package contains non-metallic components such as the elastomeric dual O-ring seals, used to ensure containment at the vessel closures, and a fiberboard over pack which provides impact and fire resistance to the containment vessels. These non-metallic components degrade during long term storage, particularly when higher heat generating contents are packaged. Degraded fiberboard properties result in higher peak internal 9975 package material temperatures during a fire accident event.
The thermal performance of the 9975 shipping package was evaluated for a sequential accident consisting of a fire and drop which locally ruptures the outer drum. The package is exposed to an off-normal 58.3°C (137°F) ambient temperature prior to being fully engulfed in a fire for 1.5 hours at 815.6°C (1500°F). Subsequently the fiberboard smolders for 1.0 hour at 760°C (1400°F) at the location of drum rupture, followed by cool down to the ambient temperature. The thermal evaluation considered both the beginning-of-life (as-designed) condition and after 20 years of service as a plutonium material storage container. The results of the evaluation demonstrate that the 9975 shipping package maintains containment during initial and after 20 years of service. The maximum Primary Containment Vessel dual O-ring temperatures during the facility fire-drop-smoldering accident are 163.9°C (327°F) and 186.1°C (367°F) for beginning of life and after 20 years of service, respectively, which are within the allowable accident temperature limit of 204.4°C (400°F). Thus, the 9975 shipping package meets its intended function to provide containment.
The Correlation Analysis of the Big Data for Pipeline Defect
Authors: Zhang Hewei , Dong Shaohua , Zhang Laibin 
Published: October 2017

With the increasing of pipe diameter and operation pressure, the severity of the accident consequences has been increased, especially for the impact on the high consequence area. The safety of oil and gas pipeline is very important.
At the same time, a lot of data were produced during the process and the amount of detection data signal has also reached the TB level. However, because the relationship between these data sets has not been established, most part of the “Big Data” in which the safety information of pipeline hidden was ignored and discarded.
In order to effectively use the relevant pipeline data of the defects, the mutual information method was adopted to establish a correlation analysis model. Its main purpose was extracting all the factors that lead to pipeline defects from the “Big Data” and determined the crucial factors from them.
A pipe segment on a long-distance pipeline with the length of 100km was taken as a case. Based on the correlation analysis model, the crucial factors which had great correlation relationship with pipeline defect were extracted, so as to provide reference to accident prevention. It is a new way of pipeline safety management.
Deficient Materials in Hot Reheat Seam Welded High-Energy Piping
Authors: Coleman Kent , Rosinski Stan , Foulds Jude 
Published: October 2017

Although failures of seam welded high-energy piping date to about 1970, the utility industry concern about premature failure of longitudinal seam welded piping has been of the utmost importance since the mid 1980’s driven primarily by well publicized piping failures at that time. The major concern is with hot reheat piping, some of which failed catastrophically resulting in substantial costs and personnel injury.
Many utilities manage their high energy piping integrity through a combination of engineering analysis and periodic inspections. At many utilities around the world, however, high energy piping has not received the attention that normally occurs after a major failure because the perception is that there have been few failures. EPRI has compiled a database of over 50 failures and large areas of damage in utility piping systems around the world and it does not include the entire utility experience but still demonstrates the need for a diligent high energy piping integrity management program.
The investigation of a recent failure in a 42 in. (1066 mm) diameter, 2 in. (50.8 mm) thick wall, ASTM A155 (American Society of Testing and Materials) seam welded hot reheat pipe demonstrated a first of its kind damage mechanism which determined that inappropriate welding filler metal was utilized for at least some of the weld passes resulting in a weldment that was weak in creep. Due to the placement of the incorrect welding filler metal, the failure occurred as a leak instead of a rupture however, the damage on the inside surface of the pipe extended for over 9ft. (2743 mm). This paper presents the results of the failure analysis and life assessment work performed and provides guidance for the rest of the utility fleet.