bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in brain activation during sedation induced by dexmedetomidine
Authors: Kim Won-Ho , Cho Dongrae , Lee Boreom , Song Jae-Jin , Shin Teo Jeon 
Published: May 2017

Objective Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been widely used as a sedative, acting as an α2-adrenergic agonist on autoreceptors, presynaptic receptors and postsynaptic receptors without risk of respiratory depression. Although consciousness impairment is closely related to disturbances of brain function in different frequency bands, the time-varying DEX effects on cortical activity in specific frequency bands has not yet been studied. Methods We used electroencephalography (EEG) to analyse differences in cerebral cortex activity between the awake and sedated states, using electromagnetic tomography (standardized low resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA)) to localize multiple channel scalp recordings of cerebral electric activity to specific brain regions. Results The results revealed increased activity in the cuneus at delta-band frequencies, and in the posterior cingulate cortex at theta frequencies, during awake and sedated states induced by DEX at specific frequency bands. Differences in standardized low resolution cingulate gyrus were found in beta1 frequencies (13–18 Hz), and in the cuneus at gamma frequencies. Conclusion Cerebral cortical activity was significantly altered in various brain areas during DEX sedation, including parts of the default mode network and common midline core in different frequency ranges. These alterations may elucidate the mechanisms underlying DEX sedation.
Morbidity and mortality after fragility hip fracture in a Saudi Arabian population: Report from a single center
Authors: Sadat-Ali Mir , Alfaraidy Moaad , AlHawas Abdulaziz , Al-Othman Ahmed Abdallah , Al-Dakheel Dakheel A , Tayara Badar K 
Published: May 2017

Objective To determine the functional morbidity and mortality after fragility hip fracture and compare the mortality with three other common diseases. Methods Data were collected from patients admitted to King Fahd Hospital of the University, AlKhobar from January 2010 to December 2014. Demographic data included the preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score as assessed by the anesthetist and the type of surgery. Personal and telephone interviews were performed, and data were entered into a database and analyzed. Results We identified 203 patients with fragility proximal femoral fractures, and the data of 189 patients (109 male, 80 female; average age, 66.90 ± 13.43 years) were available for analysis. The overall mortality rate was 26.98% (51 patients). The mortality rate was significantly higher among patients with an ASA score of 4 (36.36%) than 1 (20.45%). With respect to morbidity, only 48.23% of patients were able to return to their pre-fracture status; 32.35% of those who required assisted walking and 83.4% of those who required a wheelchair became bedridden. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that patients with fragility hip fractures have high morbidity and a mortality rate approaching 30%. Age and the ASA score significantly influence this high mortality rate.
Traditional growing rod versus magnetically controlled growing rod for treatment of early onset scoliosis: Cost analysis from implantation till skeletal maturity
Authors: Wong Carlos King Ho , Cheung Jason Pui Yin , Cheung Prudence Wing Hang , lam Cindy Lo Kuen , Cheung Kenneth Man Chee 
Published: May 2017

Purpose: To compare the yearly cost involved per patient in the use of magnetically controlled growing rod (MCGR) and traditional growing rods (TGRs) in the treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS) and to assess the overall cost burden of MCGR with reference to patient and health-care infrastructure. Methods: For a hypothetical case of a 5-year-old girl with a diagnosis of EOS, a decision-tree model using TreeAge Software was developed to simulate annual health state transitions and compare the 8-year accumulative direct, indirect, and total cost among the four groups: (1) dual MCGRs with exchange every 2 years, (2) dual MCGRs with exchange every 3 years, (3) TGR with surgical distraction every year, and (4) TGR with surgical distraction every 6 months. Base-case values and ranges of clinical parameters reflecting complication rate after each type of surgical distraction were determined from a review of literature and expert opinion. Government gazette and expert opinion provided cost estimation of growing rods, surgeries, surgical complications, and routine follow-up. Microsimulation of 1000 individuals was conducted to test the variation in total direct costs (in 2016 Hong Kong dollars (HKD)) between individuals, and estimated the standard deviations of total direct costs for each group. Results: Over the projected treatment period, indirect costs incurred by patients and family were higher for the MCGR as compared to the TGR. However, the total costs incurred by MCGR groups (group 1: HKD164k; group 2: HKD138k) were lower than those incurred by TGR groups (group 3: HKD191k; group 4: HKD290k). Although the accumulative costs of three groups (TGR with distraction every year and MCGR replacing every 2 and 3 years) were approaching each other in the first 2 years after initial implantation, at year 3 the accumulative cost of MCGR exchange every 2 years was HKD36k more than the yearly TGR surgery due to the cost of implant exchange. The cost incurred by both the MCGR groups was less than that incurred by the TGR groups from year 4 to skeletal maturity. Conclusions: The use of dual MCGRs, regardless of its 2- or 3-year exchange, was only cost saving and less expensive than the dual TGRs for EOS treatment from the fourth year of continuous treatment. Despite higher patient-related costs during MCGR treatment, it is important to consider the reduced risks and mental burden suffered by these children during repeat surgeries. With improved knowledge of the costs associated with long-term MCGR use, better constructed cost-effectiveness studies can be performed in the future.
A Shared Medical Appointment on the Benefits and Risks of Opioids Is Associated With Improved Patient Confidence in Managing Chronic Pain
Authors: Romanelli Robert J , Dolginsky Marina , Byakina Yuliya , Bronstein Deborah , Wilson Sandra 
Published: May 2017

Objectives: To evaluate a shared medical appointment (SMA) on opioids in the treatment of chronic pain. Research design: This prospective study was conducted at an ambulatory clinic within a health-care delivery system. The SMA is a single 90-minute encounter, led by a physician. We included adult patients who attended the SMA and completed an immediate pre–post survey. Survey items were measured on a scale from 0 (worst) to 5 (best). Mean differences in pre–post responses were assessed by a paired t test. Results: A total of 130 patients were included in the analysis. Patients showed improvements in confidence in self-managing pain (+0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29-0.59; P < .001) and their providers’ ability to help manage pain (+0.28; 95% CI: 0.14-0.43; P < .001). Most patients (81%) were very/extremely satisfied with the SMA. Conclusions: An SMA on the benefits and risks of opioids was associated with prompt improvements in patients’ confidence in self-managing pain and in their health-care providers’ ability to help manage pain. Such confidence can lay the foundation for increased patient engagement and activation in pain management.
Human Papillomavirus Subtype 16 and the Pathologic Characteristics of Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Gomaa Mohammed Abdel Motaal , El Gindy Khalid Elsayed , Nabi Usama Galal Abdel , Mohammed Haitham M. , Twab Nisreen A. Abdel , Mahmoud Rehab , Mohiy Khalid M. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveLaryngeal cancer is the most common type of cancer in the head and neck. Human papillomavirus (HPV) represents a group of >150 related viruses. Infection with certain types of HPV can cause some types of cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic and histopathologic characters of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and its relationship to HPV subtype 16 (HPV‐16).Study designCross‐sectional.SettingTertiary university hospitals at 5 districts in Egypt (Minia, Cairo, Giza, Qaluobia, and Bani Seuif).Subjects and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on 50 adult patients with laryngeal cancer who were admitted at 5 tertiary care hospitals in Egypt from January 2014 through December 2014. All patients were subjected to a comprehensive preoperative assessment, histopathologic assessments of tumor biopsies, and immunohistochemical staining for HPV‐16.ResultsHPV‐16 immunostaining was positive in 9 patients (18%). A significant correlation between HPV‐16 immunoreactivity and tumor grade (P <. 001) was detected, with no significant correlation between HPV‐16 immunoreactivity and other clinical and pathologic variables.ConclusionThe frequency of HPV‐16 in laryngeal carcinoma is 18%, and there is significant correlation between HPV‐16 and tumor grade.
Afadin controls cell polarization and mitotic spindle orientation in developing cortical radial glia
Authors: Rakotomamonjy Jennifer , Brunner Molly , Jüschke Christoph , Zang Keling , Huang Eric J. , Reichardt Louis F. , Chenn Anjen 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
In developing tissues, cell polarity and tissue architecture play essential roles in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation. During cerebral cortical development, adherens junctions link highly polarized radial glial cells in a neurogenic niche that controls their behavior. How adherens junctions regulate radial glial cell polarity and/or differentiation in mammalian cortical development is poorly understood.

Results
Conditional deletion of Afadin, a protein required for formation and maintenance of epithelial tissues, leads to abnormalities in radial glial cell polarity and subsequent loss of adherens junctions. We observed increased numbers of obliquely-oriented progenitor cell divisions, increased exit from the ventricular zone neuroepithelium, and increased production of intermediate progenitors.

Conclusions
Together, these findings indicate that Afadin plays an essential role in regulating apical-basal polarity and adherens junction integrity of radial glial cells, and suggest that epithelial architecture plays an important role in radial glial identity by regulating mitotic orientation and preventing premature exit from the neurogenic niche.
Development and validation of an administrative data algorithm to identify adults who have endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Macdonald Kristian I. , Kilty Shaun J. , van Walraven Carl 
Published: May 2017

Background This was a diagnostic accuracy study to develop an algorithm based on administrative database codes that identifies patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) who have endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Methods From January 1st, 2011 to December 31st, 2012, a chart review was performed for all hospital-identified ESS surgical encounters. The reference standard was developed as follows: cases were assigned to encounters in which ESS was performed for Otolaryngologist-diagnosed CRS; all other chart review encounters, and all other hospital surgical encounters during the timeframe were controls. Algorithm development was based on International Classification of Diseases, version 10 (ICD-10) diagnostic codes and Canadian Classification of Health Interventions (CCI) procedural codes. Internal model validation was performed with a similar chart review for all model-identified cases and 200 randomly selected controls during the following year. Results During the study period, 347 cases and 185,007 controls were identified. The predictive model assigned cases to all encounters that contained at least one CRS ICD-10 diagnostic code and at least one ESS CCI procedural code. Compared to the reference standard, the algorithm was very accurate: sensitivity 96.0% (95%CI 93.2–97.7), specificity 100% (95% CI 99.9–100), and positive predictive value 95.4% (95%CI 92.5–97.3). Internal validation using chart review for the following year revealed similar accuracy: sensitivity 98.9% (95%CI 95.8–99.8), specificity 97.1% (95%CI 93.4–98.8), and positive predictive value 96.9% (95%CI 93.0–99.8). Conclusion A simple model based on administrative database codes accurately identified ESS-CRS encounters. This model can be used in population-based cohorts to study longitudinal outcomes for the ESS-CRS population.
Management delays in patients with squamous cell cancer of neck node(s) and unknown primary site: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Martell Kevin , Mackenzie Joanna , Kerney Warren , Lau Harold Yeehau 
Published: May 2017

Background We aim to characterize the workup received by and identify any delays to diagnosis or treatment in patients referred to a tertiary cancer centre with the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma in neck node(s) and no identifiable primary (SCCNIP). Methods Over 1 year, 68 patients were initially referred to the Head and Neck clinic with a label of “primary unknown”. After extensive workup, 29 of the 68 patients were found to have pathologically confirmed SCCNIP. For these 29 patients, imaging tests, biopsies, examinations and times to treatment were reviewed and compared to 145 patients referred for known primaries. Results In 21/29 (72%) patients, ultrasound was ordered prior to biopsy or referral. After referral, the first imaging test used was CT neck in 28 patients and PET/CT in 1 patient. Median time from referral to primary identification ( n = 23) or workup completion ( n = 6) were 16 (range: 0-48) and 36 (17-82) days respectively. Median time from referral to treatment was 55 (27-90; n = 26) days and was longer than those referred for known primaries (48 days; 20-162; p < 0.001). Across all patients, median time between first diagnostic imaging test and pathologic diagnosis were 20.5 and -8.0 days ( p < 0.0001) in patients receiving ultrasound and CT, respectively. Conclusions In our cohort, delays to management were linked to community use of ultrasound and scheduling of both CT and PET/CT after thorough head and neck examination in patients with SCCNIP.
Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Balar Arjun Vasant 
Published: May 2017

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice. A 62-year-old man with a 45 pack per year tobacco-smoking history presented with painless gross hematuria in the fall of 2015 and was ultimately diagnosed with muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer. He received four cycles of cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection, which disclosed residual high-grade muscle-invasive urothelial cancer extending to the perivesical fat and involving two of 20 pelvic lymph nodes (pT3N2). Six months later, surveillance imaging identified new retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and a large right pelvic mass with possible rectal wall invasion consistent with locally recurrent and metastatic urothelial cancer. Although feeling generally well, he reported having had progressive constipation, pelvic pressure, and narrow-caliber stools for 2 months. He was seen in consultation for management of recurrent bladder cancer.
Decomposition of Gas-Phase Organic Pollutants over Nanocrystalline Tungsten Oxide Photocatalysts under Visible-Light Irradiation
Authors: Fukushi Daisuke , Sato Akira , Yoshida Kayo , Kitano Masaaki 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We have prepared visible-light-sensitive tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticle photocatalysts by a thermal plasma method and subsequent annealing treatment. The WO3 photocatalysts effectively decomposed acetaldehyde under visible-light irradiation and the activity increased with the annealing temperature. The WO3 annealed at 600 °C exhibited fivefold higher photocatalytic activity than nitrogen-doped TiO2 and commercial WO3. The high photocatalytic activity of the WO3 nanoparticles was attributed to their high crystallinity and large surface area. It was also found that the acetaldehyde decomposition rate over the WO3 nanoparticles was significantly enhanced by the addition of metal oxides such as ZrO2. The ZrO2 additive functions as an adsorbent of the acetic acid (reaction intermediate) to remove the acetic acid from the WO3 surface. Furthermore, the complete oxidation of acetaldehyde into CO2 and H2O was achieved using a Ru (0.02 wt%)-loaded WO3-ZrO2 mixed oxide under visible-light irradiation, and this catalyst exhibited excellent durability for the reaction.
The relationship of body mass indexs in high school students with socio demographic and nutritional characteristics<p>Lise öğrencilerinde beden kütle indeksi durumunun sosyodemografik ve beslenme özellikleri ile ilişkisi
Authors: Erdoğan Eylül Gülnur , Akın Belgin 
Published: May 2017

This descriptive study was conducted for the purpose of determining the relationship of body mass index in high school students with socio-demographic and some nutritional characteristics. The study group of the study consisted of 530 students between the ages of 13-18 attending a high school in Eskişehir in the school year of 2015-2016. A survey form and height-weight measurements developed by the researcher were used to collect the data.BMI had no correlation with gender, socio-economic status, training on nutrition, consumption of convenience foods or skipping meals, whereas the obesity rate was higher among those who reported to consume convenience foods during recess and due to lack of free time during school hours and the rate of thinness/very thinness was higher among those who reported to consume convenience foods by choice. ÖzetBu araştırma lise öğrencilerinde beden kütle indeksi durumunun sosyo-demografik ve bazı beslenme özelikleriyle ile ilişkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Türkiye/Eskişehir’de bir lisede 2015-2016 eğitim ve öğretim yılı içinde liseye devam eden 13-18 yaş aralığında ki 530 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen bir anket formu ve boy-kilo ölçümleri kullanılmıştır.Cinsiyet, sosyoekonomik durum, beslenme konusunda eğitim alma, hazır gıda tüketip tüketme ya da öğün atlama BKİ ile ilişkili değilken okulda vakit bulamama nedeniyle ve ders aralarında hazır gıda tüketenlerde obezite oranı ve tercih nedeniyle hazır gıda tüketenlerde aşırı zayıf/zayıf oranları daha yüksektir.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KANDUNGAN SIC, TEMPERATUR CAIRAN, KECEPATAN PUTAR DAN DURASI WAKTU PENGADUKAN PADA KEKUATAN TARIK KOMPOSIT AL-SIC
Authors: Sadi Sadi , Wildan M. Waziz , Suyitno Suyitno 
Published: May 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kandungan SiC, temperatur cairan, kecepatan putar dan durasi waktu pengadukan pada kekuatan tarik komposit Al-SiC menggunakan metode Taguchi. Material komposit yang digunakan adalah aluminium paduan Al-Si sebagai matrik dan partikel SiC (silicon carbide) ukuran -400 mesh sebagai penguat. Spesimen komposit Al-SiC dibuat menggunakan proses stir casting. Kekuatan tarik spesimen komposit Al-SiC diuji menggunakan mesin uji tarik servopulser. Kandungan SiC, temperatur cairan, kecepatan putar dan durasi waktu pengadukan, masing-masing menggunakan 4 variasi. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa menaikkan kecepatan putar pengadukan sampai 300 rpm dan durasi waktu pengadukan sampai 30 menit mampu menaikkan kekuatan tarik komposit Al-SiC, tetapi menaikkan kandungan SiC di atas 5 % berat dan temperatur cairan di atas 680oC dapat menurunkan kekuatan tariknya. Kandungan SiC pengaruhnya paling besar pada kekuatan tarik komposit Al-SiC dengan kontribusi 68,86 %. Sruktur mikro coran komposit Al-SiC diamati menggunakan scanning electron microscope (SEM).
The Role of Free/Libre and Open Source Software in Learning Health Systems
Authors: Paton C. , Karopka T. 
Published: May 2017

Summary
Objective: To give an overview of the role of Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) in the context of secondary use of patient data to enable Learning Health Systems (LHSs).
Methods: We conducted an environmental scan of the academic and grey literature utilising the MedFLOSS database of open source systems in healthcare to inform a discussion of the role of open source in developing LHSs that reuse patient data for research and quality improvement.
Results: A wide range of FLOSS is identified that contributes to the information technology (IT) infrastructure of LHSs including operating systems, databases, frameworks, interoperability software, and mobile and web apps. The recent literature around the development and use of key clinical data management tools is also reviewed.
Conclusions: FLOSS already plays a critical role in modern health IT infrastructure for the collection, storage, and analysis of patient data. The nature of FLOSS systems to be collaborative, modular, and modifiable may make open source approaches appropriate for building the digital infrastructure for a LHS.
On multiple Borsuk numbers in normed spaces
Authors: Lángi Zsolt , Naszódi Márton 
Published: May 2017

Hujter and Lángi defined the k-fold Borsuk number of a set S in Euclidean n-space of diameter d > 0 as the smallest cardinality of a family F of subsets of S, of diameters strictly less than d, such that every point of S belongs to at least k members of F.
We investigate whether a k-fold Borsuk covering of a set S in a finite dimensional real normed space can be extended to a completion of S. Furthermore, we determine the k-fold Borsuk number of sets in not angled normed planes, and give a partial characterization for sets in angled planes.
A numerical study of ultrasonic response of random cortical bone plates
Authors: Abdoulatuf A. , Nguyen V-H. , Desceliers C. , Naili S. 
Published: May 2017

A probabilistic study on ultrasound wave reflection and transmission from cortical bone plates is proposed. The cortical bone is modeled by an anisotropic and heterogeneous elastic plate sandwiched between two fluids and has randomly varied elastic properties in the thickness direction. A parametric stochastic model is proposed to describe the elastic heterogeneity in the plate. Reflection and transmission coefficients are computed via the semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) method. The effect of material heterogeneity on reflected and transmitted waves is investigated from a probabilistic point of view. The parametric study highlights effects of the uncertainty of material properties on the reflection and transmission coefficients by varying the frequency, angle of incidence and bone thickness.