bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quest for Equality : A Gender Comparison of the BBC’s TV Coverage of the 1995 World Athletics Championships
Authors: Elueze R. , Jones R.L. 
Published: August 2016

The purpose of the study was to compare the televised depictions and portrayals of male and female athletes who partook in the so-called ‘masculine’ events of the marathon, shot-put and discus at the 5th World Athletics Championships in 1995. Both commentary and modes of production were analyzed in order to ascertain if women were treated equally in terms of the above modes of presentation when participating in physically challenging events that defy traditional and stereotypical notions of femininity.Based upon the results, not only were the men’s events given greater air time, but the quality of the commentary and modes of production also favored the men’s events when compared with their female counterparts. Thus, commentators frequently framed the female athletes’ accomplishments in terms of traditional notions of femininity, through the use of negative, condescending and ambivalent descriptors and a gendered hierarchy of naming.
Raising Awareness and Commitment to Gender Equity in Athletics a Developmental Workshop
Authors: Pemberton Cynthia Lee A. , Everhart Robert B. 
Published: August 2016

The purpose of the project described in this study was to develop and field-test an educational workshop designed to lower individual and organizational resistance to change relative to the issues of gender equity in intercollegiate athletics. The effectiveness of the workshop was assessed by addressing three questions: (a) Did participants believe that their participation in the workshop increased their awareness and understanding of Title IX?; (b) Did participants believe that their participation in the workshop increased their awareness and understanding of the gender specific value of sport?; and, (c) Do/did participants indicate that they intended to initiate actions to facilitate further gender equity on their own campuses?Workshop participants included intercollegiate athletic personnel from two National Athletic Intercollegiate Association and/or National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III member institutions. The institutions and participants were selected based on their willingness to participate in the workshop fiel, d-tests.The workshop content addressed Title IX and the gender specific value of sport using a combination lecture and small group activity format. The effectiveness of the workshop was assessed using a post-workshop survey, workshop facilitator notes and reflections, and in the case of the first workshop field-test, focus group and follow-up interviews.The findings were: (a) Both workshop field-tests were effective in lowering change resistance as defined in this project, with the revised workshop being more effective than the original workshop; and, (b) The workshop was improved through consideration and implementation of selected education change strategies and adult learning theory.
Genotype-Guided Dosing Study of FOLFIRI plus Bevacizumab in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Toffoli Giuseppe , Sharma Manish R. , Marangon Elena , Posocco Bianca , Gray Elizabeth , Mai Quan , Buonadonna Angela , Polite Blase N. , Miolo Gianmaria , Tabaro Gianna , Innocenti Federico 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurpose: UGT1A1*28 confers a higher risk of toxicity in patients treated with irinotecan. Patients with *1/*1 and *1/*28 genotypes might tolerate higher than standard doses of irinotecan. We aimed to identify the MTD of irinotecan in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with *1/*1 and *1/*28 genotypes treated with FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab, and to determine whether bevacizumab alters irinotecan pharmacokinetics.Experimental Design: Previously untreated patients with mCRC (25 *1/*1; 23 *1/*28) were given FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab every 2 weeks. The irinotecan dose was escalated using a 3 + 3 design in each genotype group as follows: 260, 310, and 370 mg/m2. The MTD was the highest dose at which &lt;4/10 patients had a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Pharmacokinetics of irinotecan and SN-38 were measured on days 1 to 3 (without bevacizumab) and 15 to 17 (with bevacizumab).Results: For *1/*1 patients, 2 DLTs were observed among 10 patients at 310 mg/m2, while 370 mg/m2 was not tolerated (2 DLTs in 4 patients). For *1/*28 patients, 2 DLTs were observed among 10 patients at 260 mg/m2, while 310 mg/m2 was not tolerated (4 DLTs in 10 patients). Neutropenia and diarrhea were the most common DLTs. Changes in the AUCs of irinotecan and SN-38 associated with bevacizumab treatment were marginal.Conclusions: The MTD of irinotecan in FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab is 310 mg/m2 for UGT1A1 *1/*1 patients and 260 mg/m2 for *1/*28 patients. Bevacizumab does not alter the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan. The antitumor efficacy of these genotype-guided doses should be tested in future studies of patients with mCRC treated with FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab. Clin Cancer Res; 23(4); 918–24. ©2016 AACR.
Knockdown of Apolipoprotein E Enhanced Sensitivity of Hep3B Cells to Cardiac Steroids via Regulating Na+/K+-ATPase Signalosome
Authors: Liu Miao , Feng Li-Xing , Sun Peng , Liu Wang , Mi Tian , Lei Min , Wu Wanying , Jiang Baohong , Yang Min , Hu Lihong , Guo De-An , Liu Xuan 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This study compared the sensitivity of human hepatoma Hep3B, SK-HEP-1, SMMC-7721, and BEL-7402 cells to cardiac steroids, including bufalin (BF), a bufalin derivative (BF211), ouabain (OUA), and digitoxin (DIG). Hep3B cells exhibited relatively low sensitivity to cardiac steroids. Expression levels of subunits of Na+/K+-ATPase were high in Hep3B cells. However, colocalization of Na+/K+-ATPase and caveolin was nearly undetectable in Hep3B cells. By using RNA-Seq technology, we found a total of 36 genes to be differentially expressed between Hep3B cells and SK-HEP-1 cells, which are highly sensitive to cardiac steroids. Our bioinformatics analysis determined that these genes were mostly comprised of extracellular space, protein binding, and extracellular region. Among these 36 genes, apolipoprotein E (APOE) played a critical role, as knockdown APOE expression induced colocalization of Na+/K+-ATPase and caveolin and increased sensitivity of Hep3B cells to both proliferation-inhibiting and cytotoxic effects of BF or BF211. Also, the effects of BF on PI3K/AKT/GSK3β and apoptosis signal cascades were enhanced in APOE knockdown cells. The results of our study confirmed the role of Na+/K+-ATPase signalosome in cytotoxicity of cardiac steroids and suggested that APOE regulated the sensitivity of cells to cardiac steroids by affecting formation and function of Na+/K+-ATPase signalosome. In addition, intercellular interaction with high level of Na+/K+-ATPase β1 subunit may be also a factor in the low sensitivity of Hep3B cells to cardiac steroids. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(12); 2955–65. ©2016 AACR.
EGFR and RB1 as Dual Biomarkers in HPV-Negative Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Beck Tim N. , Georgopoulos Rachel , Shagisultanova Elena I. , Sarcu David , Handorf Elizabeth A. , Dubyk Cara , Lango Miriam N. , Ridge John A. , Astsaturov Igor , Serebriiskii Ilya G. , Burtness Barbara A. , Mehra Ranee , Golemis Erica A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Clinical decision making for human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is predominantly guided by disease stage and anatomic location, with few validated biomarkers. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important therapeutic target, but its value in guiding therapeutic decision making remains ambiguous. We integrated analysis of clinically annotated tissue microarrays with analysis of data available through the TCGA, to investigate the idea that expression signatures involving EGFR, proteins regulating EGFR function, and core cell-cycle modulators might serve as prognostic or drug response–predictive biomarkers. This work suggests that consideration of the expression of NSDHL and proteins that regulate EGFR recycling in combination with EGFR provides a useful prognostic biomarker set. In addition, inactivation of the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma 1 (RB1), reflected by CCND1/CDK6-inactivating phosphorylation of RB1 at T356, inversely correlated with expression of EGFR in patient HNSCC samples. Moreover, stratification of cases with high EGFR by expression levels of CCND1, CDK6, or the CCND1/CDK6-regulatory protein p16 (CDKN2A) identified groups with significant survival differences. To further explore the relationship between EGFR and RB1-associated cell-cycle activity, we evaluated simultaneous inhibition of RB1 phosphorylation with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib and of EGFR activity with lapatinib or afatinib. These drug combinations had synergistic inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HNSCC cells and strikingly limited ERK1/2 phosphorylation in contrast to either agent used alone. In summary, combinations of CDK and EGFR inhibitors may be particularly useful in EGFR and pT356RB1-expressing or CCND1/CDK6-overexpressing HPV-negative HNSCC. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2486–97. ©2016 AACR.
Comparisons of Modeled and Observed Reflectivities and Fall Speeds for Snowfall of Varied Riming Degrees during Winter Storms on Long Island, New York
Authors: Molthan Andrew L. , Colle Brian A. , Yuter Sandra E. , Stark David 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDerived radar reflectivities and fall speeds for four Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model bulk microphysical parameterizations (BMPs) run at 1.33-km grid spacing are compared with ground-based, vertically pointing Ku-band radar, scanning S-band radar, and in situ measurements at Stony Brook, New York. Simulations were partitioned into periods of observed riming degree as determined manually using a stereo microscope and camera during nine winter storms. Simulations were examined to determine whether the selected BMPs captured the effects of varying riming intensities, provided a reasonable match to the vertical structure of radar reflectivity or fall speed, and whether they produced reasonable surface fall speed distributions. Schemes assuming nonspherical mass–diameter relationships yielded reflectivity distributions closer to observed values. All four schemes examined in this study provided a better match to the observed, vertical structure of reflectivity during moderate riming than light riming periods. The comparison of observed and simulated snowfall speeds had mixed results. One BMP produced episodes of excessive cloud water at times, resulting in fall speeds that were too large. However, most schemes had frequent periods of little or no cloud water during moderate riming periods and thus underpredicted the snowfall speeds at lower levels. Short, 1–4-h periods with relatively steady snow conditions were used to compare BMP and observed size and fall speed distributions. These limited data suggest the examined BMPs underpredict fall speeds of cold-type snow habits and underrepresent aggregates larger than 4-mm diameter.
Voice Outcomes following a Single Office‐Based Steroid Injection for Vocal Fold Scar
Authors: Young William G. , Hoffman Matthew R. , Koszewski Ian J. , Whited Chad W. , Ruel Brienne N. , Dailey Seth H. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivePersistent dysphonia from vocal fold scar remains a clinical challenge, with current therapies providing inconsistent outcomes. We evaluated voice outcomes after a single office‐based steroid injection.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsThis study was based on pre‐ and postoperative analysis of patient‐reported, perceptual, acoustic, aerodynamic, and videostroboscopic parameters. The sample comprised 25 patients undergoing office‐based dexamethasone injection into the superficial lamina propria for mild/moderate vocal fold scar. Average follow‐up was 13.7 ± 4.4 weeks; patients completed 3.5 ± 2.3 sessions of voice therapy between assessments. Complete data sets were not available for each parameter; sample size is noted with results.ResultsVoice handicap index (n = 24; P <. 001) and glottal function index (n = 22; P <. 001) decreased after injection. Total GRBAS score (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain) decreased (n = 25; P <. 001). Fundamental frequency range increased (n = 24; P =. 024). Phonation threshold pressure decreased (n = 14; P =. 017). Videostroboscopic parameters of vocal fold edge (P =. 004), glottic closure (P =. 003), and right mucosal wave (P =. 016) improved after injection.ConclusionsOffice‐based steroid injection combined with voice therapy for mild/moderate vocal fold scar is associated with improved patient‐reported and functional voice measures. These findings provide preliminary support for this approach. Importantly, the procedure is low risk and can be performed in the office, thus offering a simple treatment alternative to patients with a disorder that has traditionally been difficult to manage. Prospective studies evaluating the effects of multiple injections are warranted.
Phase I Study of Selinexor, a Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export, in Combination With Fludarabine and Cytarabine, in Pediatric Relapsed or Refractory Acute Leukemia
Authors: Alexander Thomas B. , Lacayo Norman J. , Choi John K. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Pui Ching-Hon , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose To characterize the toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of selinexor, a selective inhibitor of nuclear export, when combined with fludarabine and cytarabine, in children with relapsed or refractory leukemia. Patients and Methods Eighteen patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia were enrolled in the SELHEM (Selinexor With Fludarabine and Cytarabine for Treatment of Refractory or Relapsed Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome) clinical trial (NCT02212561). Selinexor, initially at 30 mg/m2 per dose, was given orally on days 1, 3, 8, 10, 22, and 24 and was escalated according to a rolling-six design. Fludarabine 30 mg/m2 and cytarabine 2 g/m2 were administered on days 15 to 19. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were performed on days 1 and 22. Response evaluations were performed on day 15 and at the completion of course 1. Results Among the 17 patients who were evaluable for toxicity, three were treated at 30 mg/m2, three at 40 mg/m2, six at 55 mg/m2, and five at 70 mg/m2. The most common grade 3 nonhematologic toxicity was asymptomatic hyponatremia. Two patients who were treated at 70 mg/m2 experienced reversible cerebellar toxicity, thereby defining the dose-limiting toxicity. Pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrated that plasma exposure was dose proportional. Fifteen of 16 patients demonstrated at least a twofold increase of XPO1 mRNA, indicating inhibition of the XPO1 protein. In this group of heavily pretreated, relapsed, and refractory patients, seven of 15 evaluable patients (47%) achieved complete response or complete response with incomplete count recovery. Conclusion Selinexor, in combination with fludarabine and cytarabine, is tolerable at doses up to 55 mg/m2 in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory leukemia. All patients who received selinexor at ≥ 40 mg/m2 demonstrated XPO1 target inhibition. Response rates are promising and will be further explored in a phase II trial.
The Effect of Combined Spinal–Epidural Versus Epidural Analgesia in Laboring Women on Nonreassuring Fetal Heart Rate Tracings: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hattler Judith , Klimek Markus , Rossaint Rolf , Heesen Michael 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:
Combined spinal–epidural labor analgesia has gained popularity, but it is unclear whether this technique is associated with a higher incidence of nonreassuring fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings compared with epidural analgesia. Our meta-analysis aimed at comparing the incidence of nonreassuring FHR tracings between the 2 neuraxial techniques.

METHODS:
Databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials that compared the incidence of nonreassuring FHR tracings, as defined in the individual studies, after combined spinal–epidural versus epidural analgesia in laboring women. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model. We performed a subgroup analysis for studies using low-dose epidural bupivacaine concentrations (≤0.125%) for epidural analgesia.

RESULTS:
Seventeen trials including 3947 parturients were retrieved that compared the 2 neuraxial techniques. All trials used intrathecal opioids in 1 study arm. The pooled effect estimate of low- and high-dose epidural bupivacaine studies together showed a significantly increased risk of nonreassuring FHR tracings with the combined technique (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.02–1.67, P = .03, I
2 = 18%). A subgroup analysis of 10 trials using low-dose epidural bupivacaine found a RR for nonreassuring FHR tracings between combined spinal–epidural and epidural analgesia of 1.12, 95% CI 0.93–1.34, P = .18. In a sensitivity analysis of those low-dose epidural bupivacaine studies that ensured blinding of the outcome assessor, the RR was 1.41, 95% CI 0.99–2.02, P = .06.

CONCLUSIONS:
Combined spinal–epidural labor analgesia was associated with a higher risk of nonreassuring FHR tracings than epidural analgesia alone. In the subgroup analysis comparing combined spinal–epidural with low-dose epidural labor analgesia, the 95% CI contains a clinically significant difference between groups; moreover, the 95% CI overlaps with the 95% CI of the comparison of the combined low- and high-dose epidural techniques. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that there was no difference between combined spinal–epidural and low-dose epidural techniques.
Determination of Recent Growth Hormone Abuse Using a Single Dried Blood Spot
Authors: Reverter-Branchat Gemma , Bosch Jaume , Vall Jessica , Farré Magí , Papaseit Esther , Pichini Simona , Segura Jordi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough it is being increasingly applied, blood collection for drug testing in sport presents some logistic issues that complicate full applicability on a large scale. The use of dried blood spots (DBS) could benefit compliant blood testing considerably owing to its simplicity, minimal invasiveness, analyte stability, and reduced costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of DBS to the methodology approved by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) for detection of doping by recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in serum.METHODSA protocol for a single DBS analysis using the hGH isoforms differential immunoassays (kit 1 and kit 2) was developed and validated. A clinical study with healthy volunteers injected for 3 consecutive days with a low subcutaneous dose (0.027 mg · kg−1 · day−1 · person−1) of rhGH was conducted. Finger prick DBS and paired-time serum samples from arm venipuncture were compared.RESULTSThe analysis of the DBS-based protocol indicated that with only a single blood spot it was possible to detect positivity for growth hormone abuse. In spite of the low rhGH dose administered and independently of the kit used, the window of detection for DBS was confirmed in all analyzed samples up to 8 h after rhGH administration and extended up to 12 h in 50% of the cases. Serum positivity was detected in all studied samples for 12 h after administration.CONCLUSIONSThese results support the usefulness of DBS as a biological matrix for testing recent growth hormone abuse.
The poetic reactivation of historical time: Eija-Liisa Ahtila’s Where is Where?
Authors: Walsh Maria 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In this article, I argue that Eija-Liisa Ahtila’s techniques of narration in her six-screen film installation Where is Where? (2008) generate an affective, lived relation to historical time that counters its reduction in contemporary news media to a series of easily consumed and forgotten instants. Ahtila’s multi-screen film, based in part on Frantz Fanon’s account of the murder by two Algerian boys of their European playmate as revenge for the massacre of Meftah in 1956 during the Algerian War, conjures a different kind of remembering and embodying of historical events. To elaborate this claim, I perform a rereading of Guy Debord’s concept of historical time and argue that Ahtila’s work orchestrates an image of historical time transformed into ‘use’ rather than collected in the archive. This form of time, which incorporates historical agency and cyclical temporalities, connects with Julia Kristeva’s concept of ‘women’s time’ as well as Irish poet Eavan Boland’s writing on history and the past in relation to oppression, colonialism and violence. Film examples looked at include Alain Resnais’ Hiroshima, Mon Amour (1959) and I consider Maya Deren’s notion of the poetic in film. Through an evocation of the ‘vertical register’ of the latter, Where is Where? shows us the incommensurability of war crime and trauma as well as the necessity to forge a relation to this incommensurability.
Threshold faces: The physiognomy of Comédie
Authors: Foster David 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Since its re-emergence in 2000, and its re-exhibition as a gallery film as opposed to a piece of cinema, Marin Karmitz’s film adaptation of Samuel Beckett’s Comédie – filmed in 1966 in close collaboration with Beckett himself – has been recognized as an important and even canonical work of avant-garde film. Along with Beckett’s other work for the screen, it foreshadowed some prominent aesthetic tendencies that emerged in artists’ film and video in the decades that followed. This article focuses on Comédie’s use of close-ups of the human face, and discusses this medium-specific trope as a threshold image that ‘auto-expressively’ both conceals and reveals its subject. This dichotomy of simultaneous concealment and revelation is shown to manifest through the ‘threshold space’ of the close-up being occupied but never transcended by the film’s protagonists. The figures are deprived of the intersubjectivity that would be engendered through interfacing with another, a notion developed by exploring the dynamic between the virtual face/s we see on-screen, and the face of the viewer. It is posited that the ambiguity of the faces’ directness of address comes to inscribe a perpetual process of unveiling, perpetually towards a state of transcendence, of ontological totality; such absoluteness only arriving inasmuch as it is constituted by the formless presence of the black screen. The article argues that Comédie’s faces represent an abyssal, reflexive awareness of an incarceration inside the process of becoming, and thus inside the very process of their representation.
Gender and politics: The relevance of gender on judgements about the merit of candidates and the fairness of quotas
Authors: Santos Maria Helena , Amâncio Lígia , Alves Hélder 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Drawing on the conceptualization of meritocracy as an illusion, we argue that perceptions of merit and fairness of sex quotas in politics are influenced by gender ideology, specifically gender symbolical asymmetry, which equates men with individuals and the universal reference of ‘person’, and women with a sexed category. A total of 311 Portuguese participants read one of eight scenarios manipulating the sex and political competence of two candidates for an electoral list where only one would be selected. According to the experimental condition, either the female or the male candidate was presented as more competent or both candidates were presented as equally competent. In the control condition no such information was provided. Participants rated the merit of the selected candidate and the fairness of quotas. Results show that men take mostly only the candidates’ competence information into consideration. Reflecting gender symbolic asymmetry women were also influenced by the fact that the selected candidate was male or female. Results are discussed in the light of the gender symbolic asymmetry model.