bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The chloroplast‐localized small heat shock protein Hsp21 associates with the thylakoid membranes in heat‐stressed plants
Authors: Bernfur Katja , Rutsdottir Gudrun , Emanuelsson Cecilia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe small heat shock protein (sHsp) chaperones are crucial for cell survival and can prevent aggregation of client proteins that partially unfold under destabilizing conditions. Most investigations on the chaperone activity of sHsps are based on a limited set of thermosensitive model substrate client proteins since the endogenous targets are often not known. There is a high diversity among sHsps with a single conserved β‐sandwich fold domain defining the family, the α‐crystallin domain, whereas the N‐terminal and C‐terminal regions are highly variable in length and sequence among various sHsps and conserved only within orthologues. The endogenous targets are probably also varying among various sHsps, cellular compartments, cell type and organism. Here we have investigated Hsp21, a non‐metazoan sHsp expressed in the chloroplasts in green plants which experience huge environmental fluctuations not least in temperature. We describe how Hsp21 can also interact with the chloroplast thylakoid membranes, both when isolated thylakoid membranes are incubated with Hsp21 protein and when plants are heat‐stressed. The amount of Hsp21 associated with the thylakoid membranes was precisely determined by quantitative mass spectrometry after metabolic 15N‐isotope labeling of either recombinantly expressed and purified Hsp21 protein or intact Arabidopsis thaliana plants. We found that Hsp21 is among few proteins that become associated with the thylakoid membranes in heat‐stressed plants, and that approximately two thirds of the pool of chloroplast Hsp21 is affected. We conclude that for a complete picture of the role of sHsps in plant stress resistance also their association with the membranes should be considered.
An EWMA chart for monitoring the covariance matrix of a multivariate process based on dissimilarity index
Authors: Huwang Longcheen , Lin Po‐Chun , Chang Chih‐Hsiang , Lin Li‐Wei , Tee Yeu‐Shiang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this article, we propose an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart for monitoring the covariance matrix of a multivariate process based on the dissimilarity index of 2 matrices. The proposed control chart essentially monitors the covariance matrix by comparing the individual eigenvalues of the estimated EWMA covariance matrix with those of the estimated covariance matrix from the in‐control (IC) phase I data. It is different from the conventional EWMA charts for monitoring the covariance matrix, which are either based on comparing the sum or product or both of the eigenvalues of the estimated EWMA covariance matrix with those of the IC covariance matrix. We compare the performance of the proposed chart with that of the best existing chart under the multivariate normal process. Furthermore, to prevent the control limit of the proposed EWMA chart developed using the limited IC phase I data from having extensively excessive false alarms, we use a bootstrap resampling method to adjust the control limit to guarantee that the proposed chart has the actual IC ARL(average run length) not less than the nominal level with a certain probability. Finally, we use an example to demonstrate the applicability and implementation of the proposed EWMA chart.
Using reliability analysis to support decision making in phased mission systems
Authors: Zhang Yang , Prescott Darren 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBecause of the environments in which they will operate, future autonomous systems must be capable of reconfiguring quickly and safely following faults or environmental changes. Past research has shown how, by considering autonomous systems to perform phased missions, reliability analysis can support decision making by allowing comparison of the probability of success of different missions following reconfiguration. Binary decision diagrams (BDDs) offer fast, accurate reliability analysis that could contribute to real‐time decision making. However, phased mission analysis using existing BDD models is too slow to contribute to the instant decisions needed in time‐critical situations. This paper investigates 2 aspects of BDD models that affect analysis speed: variable ordering and quantification efficiency. Variable ordering affects BDD size, which directly affects analysis speed. Here, a new ordering scheme is proposed for use in the context of a decision‐making process. Variables are ordered before a mission, and reordering is unnecessary no matter how the mission configuration changes. Three BDD models are proposed to address the efficiency and accuracy of existing models. The advantages of the developed ordering scheme and BDD models are demonstrated in the context of their application within a reliability analysis methodology used to support decision making in an unmanned aerial vehicle.
Nonadditive kinetic potentials from inverted Kohn–Sham problem
Authors: Banafsheh Mojdeh , Adam Wesolowski Tomasz 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe nonadditive kinetic potential is a key element in density‐dependent embedding methods. The correspondence between the ground‐state density and the total effective Kohn–Sham potential provides the basis for various methods to construct the nonadditive kinetic potential for any pair of electron densities. Several research groups used numerical or analytical inversion procedures to explore this strategy which overcomes the failures of known explicit density functional approximations. The numerical inversions, however, apply additional approximations/simplifications. The relations known for the exact quantities cannot be assumed to hold for quantities obtained in numerical inversions. The exact relations are discussed with special emphasis on such issues as: the admissibility of the densities for which the potential is constructed, the choice of densities to be used as independent variables, self‐consistency between the potentials and observables calculated using the embedded wavefunction, and so forth. The review focuses on how these issues are treated in practice. The review is supplemented with the analysis of the inverted potentials for weakly overlapping pairs of electron densities—the case not studied previously.
Detecting display energy hotspots in Android apps
Authors: Wan Mian , Jin Yuchen , Li Ding , Gui Jiaping , Mahajan Sonal , Halfond William G. J. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe energy consumption of mobile apps has become an important consideration for developers as the underlying mobile devices are constrained by battery capacity. Display represents a significant portion of an app's energy consumption—up to 60% of an app's total energy consumption. However, developers lack techniques to identify the user interfaces in their apps for which energy needs to be improved. This paper presents a technique for detecting display energy hotspots—user interfaces of a mobile app whose energy consumption is greater than optimal. The technique leverages display power modeling and automated display transformation techniques to detect these hotspots and prioritize them for developers. The evaluation of the technique shows that it can predict display energy consumption to within 14% of the ground truth and accurately rank display energy hotspots. Furthermore, the approach found 398 display energy hotspots in a set of 962 popular Android apps, showing the pervasiveness of this problem. For these detected hotspots, the average power savings that could be realized through better user interface design was 30%. Taken together, these results indicate that the approach represents a potentially impactful technique for helping developers to detect energy related problems and reduce the energy consumption of their mobile apps.
Chromosomal microarray as primary diagnostic genomic tool for pregnancies at increased risk within a population‐based combined first‐trimester screening program
Authors: Vogel I. , Petersen O. B. , Christensen R. , Hyett J. , Lou S. , Vestergaard E. M. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of high‐resolution chromosomal microarray (CMA) as the standard diagnostic approach for genomic imbalances in pregnancies with increased risk based on combined first‐trimester screening (cFTS).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of genomic findings in a cohort of 575 consecutive pregnancies undergoing invasive testing because of a cFTS risk ≥ 1:300 on a publicly funded population‐based screening program in the Central and Northern Regions of Denmark, between September 2015 and September 2016. Women with fetal nuchal translucency thickness ≥ 3.5 mm or opting for non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) were excluded. Comparative genomic hybridization was performed using a 180‐K oligonucleotide array on DNA extracted directly from chorionic villus/amniocentesis samples. Genomic outcomes were reported in relation to cFTS findings.ResultsOf the 575 pregnancies that underwent invasive testing, CMA detected 22 (3.8% (95% CI, 2.5–5.7%)) cases of trisomies 21, 18 and 13, 14 (2.4% (95% CI, 1.4–4.0%)) cases of other types of aneuploidy and 15 (2.6% (95% CI, 1.5–4.3%)) cases with a pathogenic or probably pathogenic copy number variant (CNV). Of the 15 CNVs, three were > 10 Mb and would probably have been detected by chromosomal analysis, but the other 12 would most probably not have been detected using conventional cytogenetic techniques; therefore, the overall detection rate of CMA (8.9% (95% CI, 6.8–11.5%)) was significantly higher than that estimated for conventional cytogenetic analysis (6.8% (95% CI, 5.0–9.1%)) (P = 0.0049). Reducing the cFTS risk threshold for invasive diagnostic testing to 1 in 100 or 1 in 50 would have led, respectively, to 60% or 100% of the pathogenic CNVs being missed.ConclusionsCMA is a valuable diagnostic technique that can identify an increased number of genomic aberrations in pregnancies at increased risk on cFTS. Limiting diagnostic testing to pregnancies with a risk above 1 in 100 or 1 in 50, as proposed in contingent NIPT/invasive testing models, would lead to a significant proportion of pathogenic CNVs being missed at first‐trimester screening. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Climate change and loss, as if people mattered: values, places, and experiences
Authors: Tschakert Petra , Barnett Jon , Ellis Neville , Lawrence Carmen , Tuana Nancy , New Mark , Elrick‐Barr Carmen , Pandit Ram , Pannell David 
Published: June 2017

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is seeking to prepare for losses arising from climate change. This is an emerging issue that challenges climate science and policy to engage more deeply with values, places, and people's experiences. We first provide insight into the UNFCCC framing of loss and damage and current approaches to valuation. We then draw on the growing literature on value‐ and place‐based approaches to adaptation, including limits to adaptation, which examines loss as nuanced and sensitive to the nature of people's lives. Complementary perspectives from human geography, psychology, philosophy, economics, and ecology underscore the importance of understanding what matters to people and what they may likely consider to constitute loss. A significant body of knowledge illustrates that loss is often given meaning through lived, embodied, and place‐based experiences, and so is more felt than tangible. We end with insights into recent scholarship that addresses how people make trade‐offs between different value priorities. This emerging literature offers an opening in the academic debate to further advance a relational framing of loss in which trade‐offs between lived values are seen as dynamic elements in a prospective loss space. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e476. doi: 10.1002/wcc.476This article is categorized under:

Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Comparative Environmental Values
Recent advances in dynamic docking for drug discovery
Authors: De Vivo Marco , Cavalli Andrea 
Published: June 2017

Molecular docking allows the evaluation of ligand‐target complementarity. This is the crucial first step in small‐molecule drug discovery. Over the last decade, increasing computer power and more efficient molecular dynamics (MD) software have prompted the use of MD for molecular docking. The resulting dynamic docking offers major improvements by (1) taking full account of the structural flexibility of the drug‐target system and (2) allowing the computation of the free energy and kinetics associated with drug binding. Here, we examine the recent advances in dynamic docking, while also considering the challenges and limitations that this powerful approach must overcome to impact fast‐paced drug discovery. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2017, 7:e1320. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1320This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Mechanics
Software > Molecular Modeling
Trends in the processing and manufacture of solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Cassidy Mark 
Published: June 2017

Electrochemical devices based on solid‐state ceramic materials such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) are promising technologies which are gaining importance in today's rapidly developing energy frameworks. In particular, these high‐temperature variants offer further potential benefits such as increased fuel flexibility and higher system efficiencies. One of the significant challenges for SOFCs is the creation of robust, durable, and affordable cells. While the search for new materials remains an important research activity, the role of process development for fabrication and manufacture should not be underestimated. Indeed better understanding between materials, processing, and the resulting microstructure is vital for improving cell performance. The links between cell design and various processing techniques are explored. The most common approaches are based on thick film ceramic processes where recent trends include areas such as production of thinner tape cast layers and challenges in the application of aqueous systems to cell processing. Decoupling the processing and control of bulk and catalytic microstructures within the cell has recently been a very active area of development with techniques such as impregnation and exsolution showing increasingly promising results. Thin film techniques such as physical vapor deposition are also still being investigated for micro SOFCs or thin interfacial layers. In all cases, materials and process development should be closely linked, as high quality, reliable microstructures are essential to optimize the chemistry taking place on the materials and viable routes to manufacture are vital to transferring new materials into commercial devices. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e248. doi: 10.1002/wene.248This article is categorized under:

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Tight metabolic control plus ACE inhibitor therapy improves GSD I nephropathy
Authors: Okechuku Gyongyi O. , Shoemaker Lawrence R. , Dambska Monika , Brown Laurie M. , Mathew Justin , Weinstein David A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe onset of microalbuminuria (MA) heralds the onset of glomerulopathy in patients with glycogen storage disease (GSD) type I. Unlike tubulopathy, which responds to improved metabolic control, glomerulopathy in GSD I is considered refractory to medical intervention, and it is thought to inexorably progress to overt proteinuria and renal failure. Recent reports of reduced microalbuminuria following strict adherence to therapy counter this view. In contrast to type Ia, little is known regarding the prevalence of kidney disease in GSD Ib, 0, III, VI, and IX. Subjects were evaluated with 24‐h urine collections between 2005 and 2014 as part of a longitudinal study of the natural history of GSD. ACE inhibitor therapy (AIT) was commenced after documentation of microalbuminuria. Elevated urine albumin excretion was detected in 23 of 195 GSD Ia patients (11.7%) and six of 45 GSD Ib (13.3%). The median age of onset of microalbuminuria in GSD Ia was 24 years (range 9–56); in GSD Ib it was 25 years (range 20–38). Of 14 with GSD Ia who complied with dietary and AIT during the study period, microalbuminuria decreased in 11, in whom metabolic control improved. All 135 patients with the ketotic forms of GSD (0, III, VI and IX) consistently had normal microalbumin excretion. Strict adherence to dietary therapy and maintenance of optimal metabolic control is necessary to halt the progression of GSD Ia glomerulopathy in patients treated with AIT. With optimal care, protein excretion can be reduced and even normalize.
The writer’s guide to education scholarship in emergency medicine: Systematic reviews and the scholarship of integration (part 4)
Authors: Murnaghan Aleisha , Weersink Kristen , Thoma Brent , Hall Andrew K. , Chan Teresa 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveReviews help scholars consolidate evidence and guide their educational practice. However, few papers describe how to effectively publish review papers. We completed a scoping review to develop a set of quality indicators that will assist junior authors to publish reviews and integrative scholarship.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, ERIC, and Google Scholar were searched for English language articles published between 2012 and January 2016 using the termsreview,medical education,how to publish, andemergency medicine. Titles and abstracts were reviewed by two authors and included if they focused on how to publish a review or outlined reporting guidelines of reviews. The articles were reviewed in parallel for calibration, and disagreements were resolved through a consensus.ResultsA full text review of the 25 articles was conducted, and 196 recommendations were extracted from 13 articles. A hand search of the included articles’ reference lists and expert recommendation found an additional eight articles. These recommendations were thematically analysed into a list of seven themes and 32 items. Additionally, seven evaluation tools and reporting guidelines were found to guide researchers in optimizing their reviews for publication.ConclusionIn emergency medicine education, review articles can help synthesize educational research so that educators can engage in evidence-based scholarly teaching. We hope that this work will act as an introduction to those interested in engaging in integrative scholarship by providing them with a guide to key quality markers and important checklists for improving their research.
Modelling 60 years of glacier mass balance and runoff for Chhota Shigri Glacier, Western Himalaya, Northern India
Authors: ENGELHARDT MARKUS , RAMANATHAN AL. , EIDHAMMER TRUDE , KUMAR PANKAJ , LANDGREN OSKAR , MANDAL ARINDAN , RASMUSSEN ROY 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTGlacier mass balance and runoff are simulated from 1955 to 2014 for the catchment (46% glacier cover) containing Chhota Shigri Glacier (Western Himalaya) using gridded data from three regional climate models: (1) the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric climate model v.4 (RCA4); (2) the REgional atmosphere MOdel (REMO); and (3) the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). The input data are downscaled to the simulation grid (300 m) and calibrated with point measurements of temperature and precipitation. Additional input is daily potential global radiation calculated using a DEM at a resolution of 30 m. The mass-balance model calculates daily snow accumulation, melt and runoff. The model parameters are calibrated with available mass-balance measurements and results are validated with geodetic measurements, other mass-balance model results and run-off measurements. Simulated annual mass balances slightly decreased from −0.3 m w.e. a−1 (1955–99) to −0.6 m w.e. a−1 for 2000–14. For the same periods, mean runoff increased from 2.0 m3 s−1 (1955–99) to 2.4 m3 s−1 (2000–14) with glacier melt contributing about one-third to the runoff. Monthly runoff increases are greatest in July, due to both increased snow and glacier melt, whereas slightly decreased snowmelt in August and September was more than compensated by increased glacier melt.
High intake of fatty fish, but not of lean fish, improved postprandial glucose regulation and increased the n-3 PUFA content in the leucocyte membrane in healthy overweight adults: a randomised trial
Authors: Helland Anita , Bratlie Marianne , Hagen Ingrid V. , Mjøs Svein A. , Sørnes Steinar , Ingvar Halstensen Alfred , Brokstad Karl A. , Sveier Harald , Rosenlund Grethe , Mellgren Gunnar , Gudbrandsen Oddrun A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is low in populations with a high fish intake; however prospective studies with fish intake have shown positive, negative or no association between fish intake and the risk for T2D. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high intake of lean or fatty fish on glucose tolerance, leucocyte membrane fatty acid composition and leucocyte function in overweight/obese adults. In this randomised clinical trial, sixty-eight healthy overweight/obese participants consumed 750 g/week of either lean or fatty fish as dinners, or were instructed to continue their normal eating habits but to avoid fish intake (control group), for 8 weeks. Energy and macronutrient intake and physical activity were not changed within the groups during the study period. High intake of fatty fish, but not of lean fish, significantly improved glucose regulation 120 min postprandially (P=0·012), but did not affect fasting glucose concentration. A smaller increase in fasting to 120 min postprandial insulin C-peptide concentration was seen after fatty fish intake (P=0·012). Lean fish increased the DHA content in leucocyte membranes (P=0·010), and fatty fish increased the total content of n-3 PUFA (P=0·00016) and reduced the content of n-6 PUFA (P=0·00057) in leucocyte membranes. Lean and fatty fish intake did not affect phagocytosis of bacteria ex vivo. The findings suggest that high intake of fatty fish, but not of lean fish, beneficially affected postprandial glucose regulation in overweight/obese adults, and may therefore prevent or delay the development of T2D in this population.
Dietary inflammatory index before diagnosis and survival in an Italian cohort of women with breast cancer
Authors: Zucchetto Antonella , Serraino Diego , Shivappa Nitin , Hébert James R. , Stocco Carmen , Puppo Antonella , Falcini Fabio , Panato Chiara , Dal Maso Luigino , Polesel Jerry 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe dietary inflammatory indexTM(DII) has been shown to correlate with concentrations of several inflammatory markers and a variety of chronic disease endpoints, including cancers of various anatomic sites. We investigated whether the DII was associated with the risk for death among women with breast cancer (BrCa). This retrospective cohort study included 1453 women with BrCa, diagnosed between 1990 and 1994, and previously enrolled in a case–control study in northern Italy. With a median follow-up of 12·6 years, we observed 503 deaths, among which 398 were due to BrCa. The usual diet was assessed at BrCa diagnosis using a validated FFQ. DII scores were calculated using thirty-one foods/nutrients. Hazard ratios (HR) of death from all causes or from BrCa, with corresponding 95 % CI, were calculated using the Cox models, adjusted for age at diagnosis, tumour stage, oestrogen/progesterone receptor status and other potential confounders. The median DII score of the study women was −1·23, with a relatively narrow range (interquartile range −2·24 to −0·11), indicating a mainly anti-inflammatory diet. There was no difference in survival according to DII tertiles, neither considering all-cause mortality (HRtertile IIIv. I1·00; 95 % CI 0·78, 1·28) nor BrCa-specific mortality (HRtertile IIIv. I0·97; 95 % CI 0·73, 1·27). Study findings did not suggest an association between the inflammatory potential of diet, measured by the DII, and the survival of BrCa women. However, further studies are needed in populations reporting higher DII scores and a broader range of variability in the scores.