bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The trout farm effect on Dinocras megacephala (Plecoptera: Perlidae) larvae: Antioxidative defense
Authors: Mirčić Dejan , Stojanović Katarina , Živić Ivana , Todorović Dajana , Stojanović Dalibor , Dolićanin Zana , Perić-Mataruga Vesna 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Trout production represents a major agricultural activity in Serbia. Organic compounds are drained into the environment, usually without previous sedimentation, thus affecting the stream biota. Considering that biological monitoring is commonly based on aquatic macroinvertebrates as target organisms, the authors used larvae of Dinocras megacephala to estimate trout farm effects on the mass of the larvae and their antioxidative defense in pollution stress conditions. Four locations were chosen along the channel of the Raška River, 2 upstream (L1, L2) and 2 downstream (L3, L4) from the trout farm outlet. Basic physical and chemical water parameters were measured. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity changes were analyzed to determine the level of oxidative stress caused by the increase of organic compounds originating from the trout farm. Dissolved oxygen concentration decreased from the upstream to downstream locations. Furthermore, the concentration of ionized ammonia was almost 10 times higher at the downstream locations than at the upstream locations. Larval mass, as well as CAT activity, was significantly higher at L3 compared with the other 3 locations. Activity of SOD was significantly higher at L3 than at L1. The results indicate that higher concentrations of organic compounds from the trout farm induce clear changes in the status of the antioxidant defense of D. megacephala larvae. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1775–1782. © 2015 SETAC
Benefits of Membrane Electrode Assemblies with Asymmetrical GDL Configurations for PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Schweiss R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMembrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), based on commercial catalyst‐coated membranes combined with various gas diffusion layers (GDLs) on anode and cathode, were studied in terms of their specific advantages for different operations regimes of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs.) It is verified that MEAs with optimized gas diffusion layer designs (backing and micro‐porous layers) on anode and cathode are able to provide improved cell performance combined with a largely reduced sensitivity towards changes in the relative humidity as compared to MEAs with symmetrical gas diffusion layer configuration.
Quantifying groundwater dependency of riparian surface hydrologic features using the exit gradient
Authors: Faulkner Barton R. , Leibowitz Scott G. , Canfield Timothy J. , Groves Justin F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNumerical groundwater flow models necessarily are limited to subsurface flow evaluation. It is of interest, however, to examine the possibility that, for unconfined aquifer systems, they could be used to proportionately measure the magnitude of seepage they estimate when these aquifers intersect the landscape surface. Our goal in this study was to determine the degree to which an unconfined groundwater model can estimate run‐off or seepage at the land surface during winter time wet season conditions, as well as in the dry season, when evapotranspiration is a major part of the water balance, using a lowland basin‐fill example study area in the Pacific Northwest. The exit gradient is a metric describing the potential for vertical seepage at the landscape surface. We investigated the spatial relationship of mapped surface features, such as wetlands, streams and ponds, to the model‐predicted mapped exit gradient. We found that areas mapped as wetlands had positive exit gradients. During the wet season, modelled exit gradients predicted seepage throughout extensive areas of the groundwater shed, extending far beyond mapped wetland areas (355% increase), associated with previously observed increases in nitrate‐nitrogen in streams in wet season. During the dry season, exit gradients spatially corresponded with wetland areas. The increase in in‐stream nitrogen corresponds with shorter residence times in carbon‐rich wetland zones because of the onset of saturation overland flow. We present results that suggest that the exit gradient could be a useful concept in examining the groundwater–surface water linkage that is often under represented physically in watershed flow models. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Eco‐meteorological characteristics of the southern slopes of Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Authors: Appelhans Tim , Mwangomo Ephraim , Otte Insa , Detsch Florian , Nauss Thomas , Hemp Andreas 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis study introduces the set‐up of a new meteorological station network on the southern slopes of Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, since 2010 and presents the recorded characteristics of air temperature, air humidity and precipitation in both a plot‐based and area‐wide perspectives. The station set‐up follows a hierarchical approach covering an elevational as well as a land‐use disturbance gradient. It consists of 52 basic stations measuring ambient air temperature and above‐ground air humidity and 11 precipitation measurement sites, with recording intervals of 5 min. With respect to precipitation observations, the network extends the long‐term recordings of A. Hemp who has installed and maintained up to 117 multi‐month accumulating rainfall buckets in the region since 1997. The meteorological characteristics of the study region based on the derived data since 2010 are mostly in line with previous studies, although we see increased precipitation amounts at higher elevations during these years when compared with long‐term means. We furthermore identify a mean annual condensation level at about 2300 m a.s.l. which has not been reported before. Finally, this is the first study to provide high resolution maps of mean monthly and mean annual temperature, humidity and precipitation for Kilimanjaro, which are of great value for geographically oriented meteorological or ecological investigations. Detailed performance statistics of the geo‐statistical and machine learning techniques used for the gap filling of the recorded meteorological time series and their regionalization to the Kilimanjaro region indicate that the presented data sets provide reliable measurements of the meteorological reality at Kilimanjaro.
Evaluation of totally implantable central venous access devices with the cephalic vein cut‐down approach: Usefulness of preoperative ultrasonography
Authors: Otsubo Ryota , Hatachi Toshiko , Shibata Kenichiro , Yoshida Takuya , Watanabe Hironosuke , Oikawa Masahiro , Matsumoto Megumi , Yano Hiroshi , Taniguchi Hideki , Nagayasu Takeshi 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThe aims of this retrospective study, were to evaluate totally implantable central venous access device (TICVAD) implantation and to validate the efficacy of preoperative ultrasonography.MethodsA total of 380 cases implanted with TICVADs were divided into four groups: cut‐downs with ultrasonography (group A, n = 112); cut‐downs without ultrasonography (group B, n = 37); venous puncture (group C, n = 122); and replacements using the existing catheter (group D, n = 109). Operation time, completion rate, and complications were compared.ResultsThe average operating time was 41.7, 52.4, and 40.6 min in groups A, B (P < 0.01), and C, respectively. Group A and B experienced no postoperative pneumothorax, arterial puncture, or pinch‐off syndrome. Completion rates were 93.7% in group A and 86.5% in group B. Preoperative ultrasonography identified the cephalic vein in 94.1% of subjects with an average diameter of 3.1 mm and depth of 10.2 mm. Identifying convergence of the cephalic vein and the axillary vein improved the completion rate.ConclusionsThis study showed that the cephalic vein cut‐down approach for TICVAD implantation reduced complications. Preoperative ultrasonography resulted in a shorter operating time and higher completion rate. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:114–119. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyglycerol‐Based Copper Chelators for the Transport and Release of Copper Ions in Biological Environments
Authors: Albrecht Ralf , Fehse Susanne , Pant Kritee , Nowag Sabrina , Stephan Holger , Haag Rainer , Tzschucke Carl Christoph 
Published: December 2015

Here, the synthesis and characterization of three improved nanosystems is presented based on amino functionalized hyperbranched polyglycerol (hPG;Mw= 16.8 kDa) as potential copper(ii) chelators. The ligands,N‐methyl‐N‐picolylglycine amide, 2,6‐pyridine dicarboxylic acid monoamide, and cyclam tetraacetic acid (TETA) monoamide, are covalently attached to the polymer with amide bonds. In this paper, the Cu(ii) loading capacity, the stability of the Cu(ii)‐loaded carriers at different pHs, with competing ligands and in human serum, as well as the transport of Cu(ii) in biological systems are investigated. For the first time, a different cytotoxicity of functionalized polymer nanoparticles with and without Cu(ii) is observed. The cyclam‐based carrier combines the highest loading capacity (29 Cu ions/nanoparticle), best stability with respect to pH and EDTA (45% remaining Cu after 24 h), lowest cytotoxicity (IC50> 100 × 10−6m(unloaded), 1500 × 10−6mCu(ii); Cu:carrier 29:1), and the highest stability in human serum.image
Overview and comparison of various test methods to determine formability of a sheet metal cut‐edge and approaches to the test results application in forming analysis
Authors: Schneider M. , Geffert A. , Peshekhodov I. , Bouguecha A. , Behrens B.‐A. 
Published: December 2015

This paper presents an overview of published test methods for determination of formability of a sheet metal cut‐edge. The presented test methods were developed to evaluate formability of a sheet metal edge that was produced by shear cutting. Due to high local strains, hardening, or even microcracks, the cut‐edge might have less formability than the base material. The presentation of the tests is structured according to the three steps each test can be divided into: cutting, forming and evaluation. Similarities and differences concerning these steps were worked out. Additionally, a classification of the tests is made regarding their strain gradients in the vicinity of the cut‐edge. For this, finite element models of exemplary tests were built up using LS‐DYNA explicit and analyzed accordingly. Evaluation approaches that go beyond the common hole expansion ratio (HER) from the hole expansion test (HET) standardized in the ISO 16630 are also described. The tests can be used not only for a quantitative comparison of materials and cutting processes with regard to the cut‐edge formability but to determine input data for the finite element analysis (FEA) of forming processes to allow a simulation based cut‐edge failure prediction. The paper also presents appropriate procedures on the transfer of the test results into the FEA of forming of a workpiece with a cut‐edge.
Amodiaquine‐induced reproductive toxicity in adult male rats
Authors: Niu Yan‐Ru , Wei Bing , Chen Bi , Xu Li‐Hua , Jing Xia , Peng Cai‐Ling , Ma Tian‐Zhong 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYAmodiaquine (AQ) is routinely prescribed as an anti‐malarial drug. Here, we evaluated AQ‐induced toxicity in the male reproductive system. Eighty adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups that received distilled water (control) or daily doses of 5 mg/kg body weight, 10 mg/kg, or 15 mg/kg AQ for 2 weeks. Testes morphology was analyzed using hematoxylin‐and‐eosin staining, terminal dUTP nicked‐end labeling (TUNEL), and immunostaining whereas protein expression was determined by Western blotting. AQ dose‐dependently led to abnormal spermatogenesis. Disruption of the blood‐testis barrier and increased germ cell apoptosis were observed in all three AQ‐treated groups. Interestingly, AQ‐induced damage of spermatogenesis recovered over time, based on the survival of promyelocytic leukemia zinc‐finger (PLZF)‐positive, undifferentiated spermatogonia. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as testicular testosterone levels, were not significantly altered in AQ‐treated groups compared with controls. Collectively, our study suggests that AQ exerts substantial acute side effects on the reproductive systems of adult male rats by inducing the apoptosis of differentiating spermatogenic cells and disruption of blood‐testis barrier function. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 174–182, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Die wundersamen Fähigkeiten der Tintenfische
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDas erste dechiffrierte Genom eines Kopffüßers erlaubt tiefe Einblicke in die erstaunlichen Fähigkeiten, die diese Weichtiere entwickelten: von Tarnungs‐ und Verwandlungskünsten bis hin zu bemerkenswerter Intelligenz.
Die Stoffdatenbanken der Europäischen Chemikalienagentur
Authors: Knietsch Anja , Weiß Raimund 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDie durch die Reach‐ und CLP‐Verordnungen gesammelten Daten zeigen das toxikologische Profil eines Stoffs. Zudem sind sie eine ausgezeichnete Grundlage, um Risiken zu bewerten und Sicherheitsdatenblätter zu erstellen. Dabei gilt es aber, Stolpersteine zu beachten.
Bilder einzelner Zellen aus dem Elementmikroskop
Authors: Müller Larissa , Herrmann Antje 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWelche Rolle spielt eine einzelne Zelle im biologischen System? Einen neuen Ansatz, diese Frage zu beantworten, bietet ein Mikroskop auf Basis der Laserablations‐ICP‐MS, das Elemente in biologischen Materialien analysiert, und zwar mit einer Ortsauflösung im Submikrometerbereich.
Spuren chemischer Kampfstoffe
Authors: Blum Marc‐Michael 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOb ein Staat seine Giftgasgranaten vernichtet, eine Kriegspartei Nervengifte einsetzt oder ein Betrieb Vorläufersubstanzen produziert, überwacht die Organisation für das Verbot Chemischer Waffen. Eines ihrer Instrumente sind Probennahme und instrumentelle Analytik.
The Relationship Between Linear Enamel Hypoplasia and Social Status in 18th to 19th Century Edo, Japan
Authors: Nakayama N. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLinear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) has been utilised in human bioarchaeology as an indicator of growth disturbance during childhood. However, only a few studies have compared populations of different socio‐economic status in the same time period. This study examines the association between the LEH occurrence pattern and social status in the 18th to 19th century populations in Japan. Detailed archaeological studies on burials from the Edo period (1603–1867) excavated in Tokyo have facilitated estimating an individual's social status by its burial type. In this study, 112 individuals from the Sugenji‐Shokenji site were divided into three burial structure groups (ceramic jar coffins for middle‐class warriors, wooden square coffins for low‐class warriors and townspeople and wooden circular coffins for townspeople) and examined for the general prevalence of LEH, number of LEH and the chronological distribution of LEH. A high general prevalence of LEH was observed in every group, especially in lower canine (79.3–100.0%). However, individuals in the jar coffin group showed a lower prevalence and smaller number of LEH per tooth, suggesting that individuals of higher social status experienced better living environments in their childhood. There was no significant difference in the chronological distribution of LEH formation between coffin groups. Such data are essential for understanding the association between socio‐economic status and living conditions in specific societies in the past. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental Risk Signals as a Screening Tool for Early Identification of Sensory Processing Disorders
Authors: Bolaños Cristina , Gomez M. Marlene , Ramos Gregorio , Rios del Rio Janina 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe main purpose of this research was to determine if the indicators of risk included in the Indicators of Developmental Risk Signals (INDIPCD‐R) could differentiate between children at risk of sensory processing disorders (SPDs) from those with normal development and if the SPD indicators correlated with a delay or altered development. A retrospective, descriptive, correlational design was used with a sample of 51 children, 36 referred because of clinical sensory processing indicators and 15 with non‐clinical indicators. Participants were assessed with a developmental scale Revised Profile of Developmental Behaviors (PCD‐R), the Sensory Profile, play and clinical observations. The INDIPCD‐R showed a high correlation with developmental areas of PCD‐R and a sensitivity and specificity of 100%, when compared with the Sensory Profile. T‐test results for independent samples showed significant differences at p ≤ 0.01 level between the children with SPD indicators and those with no clinical signs in the PCD‐R. The Mann–Whitney U‐test was conducted for unpaired samples, to verify if there were significant differences between children with apparent SPD indicators and children with no apparent difficulties. The Spearman's rho was used to identify the correlations between the INDIPCD‐R, with different areas of development. This study supports the use of the INDIPCD‐R as a screening instrument that could be used by occupational therapists to discriminate children with and without indicators of SPD. The limitation of this study was that it did not cover all the ages of the INDIPCD‐R. Additional studies are required to determine the utility of this instrument for outcome studies and whether it is valid and reliable to identify children at risk of different pathologies. The INDIPCD‐R is a low‐cost instrument that allows the occupational therapist to make a quick review of the different components that could be involved in SPD and therefore guide the more in‐depth evaluation if necessary. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Could nutrition help behaviours associated with personality disorders? A narrative review
Authors: Rucklidge Julia J. , Mulder Roger T. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPersonality disorders are common, and the core problems of interpersonal dysfunction and social disturbance are difficult to treat. One area gaining international attention is the impact that diet and nutrients can have on psychiatric/psychological symptoms. There are no empirical studies studying the specific relationship between nutrition and personality disorders. A systematic search revealed longitudinal studies following malnourished children, either during pregnancy or in early life that reported malnourishment is a risk factor that can express as maladaptive behaviours later in life. Other studies show associations between nutrient intake and personality styles. A small body of literature reveals a potential benefit of consuming nutrients therapeutically in order to address behaviours often associated with personality disorders. If we consider the broad patterns of behaviour that typify personality disorders, such as cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning and impulse control, there is a research rationale for studying the role that nutrition could play in protecting against the development of these problems as well as possibly modifying them. Whether it is too late to intervene with nutrition once the pathological behaviours are entrenched is unknown. Given the dearth of good evidence‐based treatments currently available for people with personality disorders, it is an area worth investing in. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GLUT, SGLT, and SWEET: Structural and mechanistic investigations of the glucose transporters
Authors: Deng Dong , Yan Nieng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGlucose is the primary fuel to life on earth. Cellular uptake of glucose is a fundamental process for metabolism, growth, and homeostasis. Three families of secondary glucose transporters have been identified in human, including the major facilitator superfamily glucose facilitators GLUTs, the sodium‐driven glucose symporters SGLTs, and the recently identified SWEETs. Structures of representative members or their prokaryotic homologs of all three families were obtained. This review focuses on the recent advances in the structural elucidation of the glucose transporters and the mechanistic insights derived from these structures, including the molecular basis for substrate recognition, alternating access, and stoichiometric coupling of co‐transport.
Photoexcited d ‐electron dynamics in transition metal oxide MnO studied by optical pump‐THz probe measurements
Authors: Nishitani Junichi , Kurihara Takayuki , Asahara Akifumi , Nagashima Takeshi , Lippmaa Mikk , Suemoto Tohru 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOptical pump‐THz probe (OPTP) measurements allow us to investigate the dynamic response of photoconductivity in materials by observing the transient change of THz transmittance after optical excitation. In this study, the THz response of d ‐electrons in various photoexcited states in MnO was investigated by pump‐energy‐tunable OPTP measurements to elucidate the photoexcited d ‐electron dynamics in a transition metal oxide. At room temperature, photoexcited d ‐electrons induced by a d ‐d transition to the lowest excited d ‐state showed the longest relaxation time. The relaxation time decreased drastically below the antiferromagnetic transition temperature of 120 K. This decrease was accompanied by the emergence of magnetic‐excitation‐assisted photoluminescence from a self‐trapped exciton (STE) state. This suggests that photoexcited d ‐electrons relax to the STE state below the transition temperature. These findings shed new light on the photoexcited d ‐electron dynamics, contrasting with the behavior of photoexcited carriers generated in the upper excited d ‐states that have been shown in a previous study to relax into trap states through carrier scattering. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Below‐gap emission bands in undoped GaN and its excitation density dependence
Authors: Julkarnain M. , Fukuda T. , Kamata N. , Arakawa Y. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe below‐gap emission bands of undoped GaN grown by MOCVD on sapphire substrate have been investigated by photoluminescence technique. The intensity of yellow luminescence decreases due to the saturation of deep states with increasing excitation power that reflects the contribution of deep states at actual device operating condition. The excitation induced blue‐shift of emission energy rationalizes the DAP characteristics. The integrated photoluminescence intensity of each band is analysed experimentally and theoretically by a power law model, and the reasonable agreement between experiment and model calculation justify our model consideration. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deep ultraviolet lasing from AlGaN multiple‐quantum‐well structures
Authors: Yan Jianchang , Tian Yingdong , Chen Xiang , Zhang Yun , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe report our research work on AlGaN/Al(Ga)N multiple‐quantum‐well (MQW) DUV laser structures. Two types of MQW structures, that is, AlxGa1‐xN/AlyGa1‐yN MQW (Sample A) and AlzGa1‐zN/AlN MQW (Sample B), were grown on sapphire substrates by Metal‐organic chemical vapour deposition. Optically pumped lasing at room temperature has been achieved from both structures. For Sample A, the main lasing emission wavelength is 288 nm along with some parasitic longer wavelength peaks. Numerical simulation results indicate that the optical confinement factor in Sample A is very low, less than 0.5%. This resulted in the high lasing threshold and short lasing lifetime of Sample A. The optical confinement factor of Sample B is greatly increased to more than 10%. This effectively improved the lasing performance of Sample B. Its lasing threshold is estimated to be 523 kW/cm2 and the lasing spectra peaked at around 281 nm. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)