bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition between the phytophagous stink bugs Euschistus heros and Piezodorus guildinii in soybeans
Authors: Tuelher Edmar S , Silva Éder H , Hirose Edson , Guedes Raul Narciso C , Oliveira Eugênio E 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe abundance and contribution of the neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (F.), and the redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (West.), to the composition of insect pests of soybean, Glycine max (L.), fields have changed both spatially and temporally in neotropical soybean production areas. Therefore, we assessed the competitiveness of each species in direct competition experiments following an additive series. We performed mixed (adult) insect infestations in soybean plants and evaluated the fitness of each species and the soybean yield.RESULTSWhile the competitive ability of E. heros was significantly compromised by increments in conspecifics and heterospecifics (i.e. P. guildinii), the competitive ability of P. guildinii was compromised by the presence of heterospecifics (i.e. E. heros). The reproductive output of P. guildinii remained unaffected by increments in E. heros or of P. guildinii. Intriguingly, despite the fact that P. guildinii apparently lost the competition with E. heros, almost no pod production was observed in any plant colonised by the former.CONCLUSIONSThe higher abundance of E. heros in neotropical soybean fields seems to result from higher competitive ability than its heterospecific competitor P. guildinii, which may prevent the higher losses caused by P. guildinii. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The October 2011 devastating flash flood event of Antalya: triggering mechanisms and quantitative precipitation forecasting
Authors: Demirtaş Meral 
Published: May 2016

The Gulf of Antalya was affected by very heavy precipitation (238 mm in 6 h) that resulted in a devastating flash flood on 9 October 2011. Analysis of numerical model products, based on diagnostics and comparison with conventional and remote‐sensing observations, indicates that the remarkable amount of accumulated precipitation was strongly modulated by mesoscale effects induced on the synoptic‐scale flow. There was a sustained co‐alignment of an upper‐tropospheric tongue of high potential vorticity (PV) over a pre‐existing low‐level baroclinic region. Thermal advection by the low‐level circulation at 925 hPa formed a warm equivalent potential temperature (EPT) anomaly ahead of the PV‐streamer, enhancing the effects of pre‐existing warm‐moist advection. Interaction between the PV‐streamer and thermodynamic processes at low levels set the scene for an enhanced dynamical feedback from the warm low‐level anomaly to upper levels, and the tighter coupling led to further reinforcement of low‐level warm‐moist advection. A southwesterly low‐level jet (LLJ) with high EPT transported conditionally unstable and moist air from the relatively warm Mediterranean Sea, and the sustained northeastward moisture flux was directed toward the concave segment of the Taurus Mountains.Quantitative precipitation forecasting (QPF) of the phenomenon is explored using the recently developed mesoscale ensemble prediction system – which is constructed by combining the Weather Research and Forecasting model with various ensemble approaches. QPF studies give the timing, location and amount reasonably well 72 h in advance. Sensitivity experiments have been carried out to explore the mesoscale aspects of the precipitating structures and their dependence on orography, surface (sensible and latent heat) fluxes and latent heating due to convection.
Using Children's Picture Books About Autism as Resources in Inclusive Classrooms
Authors: Sigmon Miranda L. , Tackett Mary E. , Azano Amy Price 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article focuses on developing teacher understanding of how to carefully select and use children's picture books about autism as a tool for teaching awareness, empathy, and acceptance in an elementary classroom setting. We describe how the increased rate of autism and growing practice of inclusive educational settings affect classroom practice and provide implementation tips for using specific picture books and activities. Knowing that picture books are often used as a teaching tool for elementary educators, the use of books addressing autism could teach empathy while enhancing students' awareness and acceptance of students on the autism spectrum.
Fetal size monitoring and birth‐weight prediction: a new population‐based approach
Authors: Gjessing H. K. , Grøttum P. , Økland I. , Eik‐Nes S. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a complete, population‐based system for ultrasound‐based fetal size monitoring and birth‐weight prediction for use in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.MethodsUsing 31 516 ultrasound examinations from a population‐based Norwegian clinical database, we constructed fetal size charts for biparietal diameter, femur length and abdominal circumference from 24 to 42 weeks' gestation. A reference curve of median birth weight for gestational age was estimated using 45 037 birth weights. We determined how individual deviations from the expected ultrasound measures predicted individual percentage deviations from expected birth weight. The predictive quality was assessed by explained variance of birth weight and receiver–operating characteristics curves for prediction of small‐for‐gestational age. A curve for intrauterine estimated fetal weight was constructed. Charts were smoothed using the gamlss non‐linear regression method.ResultsThe population‐based approach, using bias‐free ultrasound gestational age, produces stable estimates of size‐for‐age and weight‐for‐age curves in the range 24–42 weeks' gestation. There is a close correspondence between percentage deviations and percentiles of birth weight by gestational age, making it easy to convert between the two. The variance of birth weight that can be ‘explained’ by ultrasound increases from 8% at 20 weeks up to 67% around term. Intrauterine estimated fetal weight is 0–106 g higher than median birth weight in the preterm period.ConclusionsThe new population‐based birth‐weight prediction model provides a simple summary measure, the ‘percentage birth‐weight deviation’, to be used for fetal size monitoring throughout the third trimester. Predictive quality of the model can be measured directly from the population data. The model computes both median observed birth weight and intrauterine estimated fetal weight. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Profile of pregnant women using delivery hut services of the Ballabgarh Health and Demographic Surveillance System in rural north India
Authors: Kant Shashi , Haldar Partha , Singh Arvind K. , Archana S. , Misra Puneet , Rai Sanjay 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe women who attended two delivery huts in rural Haryana, India.MethodsThe present observational study assessed routinely collected service provision data from two delivery huts located at primary health centers in the district of Faridabad. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, prenatal care, use of free transport services, and maternal and neonatal indicators at delivery were assessed for all pregnant women who used the delivery hut services from January 2012 to June 2014.ResultsDuring the study period, 1796 deliveries occurred at the delivery huts. The mean age of the mothers was 23.3 ± 3.3 years (95% confidence interval 23.1–23.5). Of 1648 mothers for whom data were available, 1039 (63.0%) had travelled less than 5 km to the delivery hut. The proportion of mothers who belonged to a lower caste increased from 31.0% (193/622) in 2012 to 41.1% (162/394) in 2014. The proportion of mothers who were illiterate also increased, from 8.1% (53/651) in 2012 to 26.4% (104/394) in 2014.ConclusionBelonging to a disadvantaged social group (in terms of caste or education) was not an obstacle to use of delivery hut services. The delivery huts might have satisfied some unmet needs of community members in rural India.
Molecular mechanism of prion‐like tau‐induced neurodegeneration
Authors: Alonso Alejandra D. , Beharry Cindy , Corbo Christopher P. , Cohen Leah S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionAccumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and the disruption of microtubules are correlated with synaptic loss and pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Impaired cognitive function and pathology of AD is correlated with this lesion. This review looks at the mechanism of neurodegeneration, the prion‐like behavior of tau in its interaction with normal MAPs in correlation with tau hyperphosphorylation.MethodsWe reviewed our work in the field as well as current literature that pertains to tau phosphorylation and the biological effects.ResultsHyperphosphorylation of tau in AD, in vitro, in cells, or in animal models converts this protein into a prion‐like protein that is able to propagate the altered conformation.DiscussionThese findings suggest that phosphorylation of tau is a critical event in neurodegeneration. The combination of phosphorylation sites can generate a gain of toxic function for tau. The mechanism of tau toxicity might involve not only the microtubule system but also interference with other cellular compartments such as the nucleus and the actin cytoskeleton.
Early pathologic amyloid induces hypersynchrony of BOLD resting‐state networks in transgenic mice and provides an early therapeutic window before amyloid plaque deposition
Authors: Shah Disha , Praet Jelle , Latif Hernandez Amira , Höfling Corinna , Anckaerts Cynthia , Bard Frédérique , Morawski Markus , Detrez Jan R. , Prinsen Els , Villa Alessandro , De Vos Winnok H. , Maggi Adriana , D'Hooge Rudi , Balschun Detlef , Rossner Steffen , Verhoye Marleen , Van der Linden Annemie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionIn Alzheimer's disease (AD), pathologic amyloid‐beta (Aβ) is synaptotoxic and impairs neuronal function at the microscale, influencing brain networks at the macroscale before Aβ deposition. The latter can be detected noninvasively, in vivo, using resting‐state functional MRI (rsfMRI), a technique used to assess brain functional connectivity (FC).MethodsRsfMRI was performed longitudinally in TG2576 and PDAPP mice, starting before Aβ deposition to determine the earliest FC changes. Additionally, the role of pathologic Aβ on early FC alterations was investigated by treating TG2576 mice with the 3D6 anti‐Aβ‐antibody.ResultsBoth transgenic models showed hypersynchronized FC before Aβ deposition and hyposynchronized FC at later stages. Early anti‐Aβ treatment in TG2576 mice prevented hypersynchronous FC and the associated synaptic impairments and excitatory/inhibitory disbalances.DiscussionHypersynchrony of FC may be used as a new noninvasive read out of early AD and can be recovered by anti‐Aβ treatment, encouraging preventive treatment strategies in familial AD.
Bidirectional contrast effects between taste perception and simulation: A simulation‐induced adaptation mechanism
Authors: Si Kao , Jiang Yuwei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFour experiments reveal that actual taste perception and mental simulation of taste can exert a bidirectional contrast effect on each other. Experiment 1 shows that similar to actual taste experience, simulated taste experience is influenced by a prior actual taste in a contrastive manner. Experiment 2 shows that this contrast effect of actual taste on taste simulation occurs only when people adopt an imagery‐based rather than an analytical processing mode. Experiment 3 demonstrates the bidirectional nature of the current effect and again shows that it depends on people's use of mental simulation. Lastly, experiment 4 replicates the observed effect in a realistic marketing environment. These findings support the proposition of a simulation‐induced adaptation mechanism. Theoretical and practical implications of this research are discussed.
Trends and determinant factors in the use of cardiac resynchronization therapy devices in Japan: Analysis of the Japan cardiac device treatment registry database
Authors: Yokoshiki Hisashi , Shimizu Akihiko , Mitsuhashi Takeshi , Furushima Hiroshi , Sekiguchi Yukio , Manaka Tetsuyuki , Nishii Nobuhiro , Ueyama Takeshi , Morita Norishige , Nitta Takashi , Okumura Ken ,   Members of the Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator (ICD) Committee of the Japanese Heart Rhythm Society
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe choice of cardiac resynchronization therapy device, with (CRT‐D) or without (CRT‐P) a defibrillator, in patients with heart failure largely depends on the physician's discretion, because it has not been established which subjects benefit most from a defibrillator.MethodsWe examined the annual trend of CRT device implantations between 2006 and 2014, and evaluated the factors related to the device selection (CRT‐D or CRT‐P) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with heart failure by analyzing the Japan Cardiac Device Treatment Registry (JCDTR) database from January 2011 and August 2015 (CRT‐D, n=2714; CRT‐P, n=555).ResultsThe proportion of CRT‐D implantations for primary prevention among all the CRT‐D recipients was more than 70% during the study period. The number of CRT‐D implantations for primary prevention reached a maximum in 2011 and decreased gradually between 2011 and 2014, whereas CRT‐P implantations increased year by year until 2011 and remained unchanged in recent years. Multivariate analysis identified age (odds ratio [OR] 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90–0.95, P<0.0001), male sex (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.28–3.11, P<0.005), reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.98, P<0.0001), and non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.87–4.35, P<0.0001) as independent factors favoring the choice of CRT‐D.ConclusionsYounger age, male sex, reduced LVEF, and a history of NSVT were independently associated with the choice of CRT‐D for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with heart failure in Japan.
Bile acids‐mediated overexpression of MUC4 via FAK‐dependent c‐Jun activation in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Joshi Suhasini , Cruz Eric , Rachagani Satyanarayana , Guha Sushovan , Brand Randall E. , Ponnusamy Moorthy P. , Kumar Sushil , Batra Surinder K. 
Published: May 2016

The majority of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients are clinically presented with obstructive jaundice with elevated levels of circulatory bilirubin and alkaline phosphatases. In the current study, we examined the implications of bile acids (BA), an important component of bile, on the pathophysiology of PC and investigated their mechanistic association in tumor‐promoting functions. Integration of results from PC patient samples and autochthonous mouse models showed an elevated levels of BA (p < 0.05) in serum samples compared to healthy controls. Similarly, an elevated BA levels was observed in pancreatic juice derived from PC patients (p < 0.05) than non‐pancreatic non‐healthy (NPNH) controls, further establishing the clinical association of BA with the pathogenesis of PC. The tumor‐promoting functions of BA were established by observed transcriptional upregulation of oncogenic MUC4 expression. Luciferase reporter assay revealed distal MUC4 promoter as the primary responsive site to BA. In silico analysis recognized two c‐Jun binding sites at MUC4 distal promoter, which was biochemically established using ChIP assay. Interestingly, BA treatment led to an increased transcription and activation of c‐Jun in a FAK‐dependent manner. Additionally, BA receptor, namely FXR, which is also upregulated at transcriptional level in PC patient samples, was demonstrated as an upstream molecule in BA‐mediated FAK activation, plausibly by regulating Src activation. Altogether, these results demonstrate that elevated levels of BA increase the tumorigenic potential of PC cells by inducing FXR/FAK/c‐Jun axis to upregulate MUC4 expression, which is overexpressed in pancreatic tumors and is known to be associated with progression and metastasis of PC.
Sildenafil and Exercise Capacity in the Elderly at Moderate Altitude
Authors: Rodway George W. , Lovelace Anne J. , Lanspa Michael J. , McIntosh Scott E. , Bell James , Briggs Ben , Weaver Lindell K. , Yanowitz Frank , Grissom Colin K. 
Published: May 2016

Objective Hypobaric hypoxia decreases exercise capacity and causes hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary hypertension. The phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil is a pulmonary vasodilator that may improve exercise capacity at altitude. We aimed to determine whether sildenafil improves exercise capacity, measured as maximal oxygen consumption (peak V̇o2), at moderate altitude in adults 60 years or older. Methods The design was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. After baseline cardiopulmonary exercise testing at 1400 m, 12 healthy participants (4 women) aged 60 years or older, who reside permanently at approximately 1400 m and are regularly active in self-propelled mountain recreation above 2000 m, performed maximal cardiopulmonary cycle exercise tests in a hypobaric chamber at a simulated altitude of 2750 m after ingesting sildenafil and after ingesting a placebo. Results After placebo, mean peak V̇o2 was significantly lower at 2750 m than 1400 m: 37.0 mL · kg-1 · min-1 (95% CI, 32.7 to 41.3) vs 39.1 mL · kg-1 · min-1 (95% CI, 33.5 to 44.7; P = .020). After placebo, there was no difference in heart rate (HR) or maximal workload at either altitude ( z = 0.182; P = .668, respectively). There was no difference between sildenafil and placebo at 2750 m in peak V̇o2 ( P = .668), O2 pulse ( P = .476), cardiac index ( P = .143), stroke volume index ( z = 0.108), HR ( z = 0.919), or maximal workload ( P = .773). Transthoracic echocardiography immediately after peak exercise at 2750 m showed tricuspid annular plane systolic velocity was significantly higher after sildenafil than after placebo ( P = .019), but showed no difference in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion ( P = .720). Conclusions Sildenafil (50 mg) did not improve exercise capacity in adults 60 years or older at moderate altitude in our study. This might be explained by a “dosing effect” or insufficiently high altitude.
Reconstruction of CMB temperature anisotropies with primordial CMB induced polarization in galaxy clusters
Authors: Liu Guo-Chin , Ichiki Kiyotomo , Tashiro Hiroyuki , Sugiyama Naoshi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Scattering of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation in galaxy clusters induces polarization signals determined by the quadrupole anisotropy in the photon distribution at the location of clusters. This ‘remote quadrupole’ derived from the measurements of the induced polarization in galaxy clusters provides an opportunity to reconstruct local CMB temperature anisotropies. In this Letter, we develop an algorithm of the reconstruction through the estimation of the underlying primordial gravitational potential, which is the origin of the CMB temperature and polarization fluctuations and CMB induced polarization in galaxy clusters. We found a nice reconstruction for the quadrupole and octopole components of the CMB temperature anisotropies with the assistance of the CMB induced polarization signals. The reconstruction can be an important consistency test on the puzzles of CMB anomalies, especially for the low-quadrupole and axis-of-evil problems reported in Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe and Planck data.
Spiral-induced velocity and metallicity patterns in a cosmological zoom simulation of a Milky Way-sized galaxy
Authors: Grand Robert J. J. , Springel Volker , Kawata Daisuke , Minchev Ivan , Sánchez-Blázquez Patricia , Gómez Facundo A. , Marinacci Federico , Pakmor Rüdiger , Campbell David J. R. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We use a high-resolution cosmological zoom simulation of a Milky Way-sized halo to study the observable features in velocity and metallicity space associated with the dynamical influence of spiral arms. For the first time, we demonstrate that spiral arms, that form in a disc in a fully cosmological environment with realistic galaxy formation physics, drive large-scale systematic streaming motions. In particular, on the trailing edge of the spiral arms the peculiar galactocentric radial and azimuthal velocity field is directed radially outward and azimuthally backward, whereas it is radially inward and azimuthally forward on the leading edge. Owing to the negative radial metallicity gradient, this systematic motion drives, at a given radius, an azimuthal variation in the residual metallicity that is characterized by a metal-rich trailing edge and a metal-poor leading edge. We show that these signatures are theoretically observable in external galaxies with integral field unit instruments such as VLT/MUSE, and if detected, would provide evidence for large-scale systematic radial migration driven by spiral arms.
Cryptococcal Antigenemia in Nigerian Patients With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Influence of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence
Authors: Oladele Rita O. , Akanmu Alani S. , Nwosu Augustina O. , Ogunsola Folasade T. , Richardson Malcolm D. , Denning David W. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background.  Cryptococcal meningitis has a high mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons in Africa. This is preventable with early screening and preemptive therapy. We evaluated the prevalence of cryptococcal disease by antigen testing, possible associated factors, and outcomes in HIV-infected patients being managed in a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.
Methods.  Sera were collected from 214 consenting HIV-infected participants with CD4+ counts &lt;250 cells/mm3, irrespective of their antiretroviral therapy (ART) status, between November 2014 and May 2015. A cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) lateral flow assay was used for testing. Pertinent clinical data were obtained from patients and their case notes.
Results.  Of the 214 participants, females (124; 57.9%) outnumbered males. Mean age was 41.3 ± 9.4 (standard deviation) years. The majority (204; 95.3%) were ART experienced. The median CD4+ cell count was 160 cells/mm3 (interquartile range, 90–210). The overall seroprevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia was 8.9% (19 of 214); 6 of 61 (9.8%) in those with CD4+ cell counts &lt;100 cells/mm3, 4 of 80 (5.0%) in the 100–200 group, and 9 of 73 (12.3%) in 200–250 cells/mm3 group. Among ART-naive patients, 1 of 10 (10%) was CrAg positive. Twenty-seven of 214 (12.6%) had associated oral thrush. Potential baseline meningitis symptoms (3 of 214 [1.4%] experienced neck pain or stiffness and 21 of 214 [9.8%] experienced headache) were common in the study group, but the result was not statistically significant in relation to CrAg positivity. Two of 19 (10.5%) CrAg-positive patients died, 10 of 19 (52.6%) were lost to follow up, and 7 of 19 (36.8%) were alive. Empirical fluconazole was routinely given to those with low CD4 counts &lt;100 cells/mm3, which was unrelated to CrAg positivity (P = .018).
Conclusions.  We report a prevalence of 8.9% cryptococcal antigenemia in a setting where first-line antifungals are not readily available. We recommend CrAg screening for HIV-infected patients, even for patients on ART.
Presenile diffuse familial sebaceous hyperplasia successfully treated with low‐dose isotretinoin: A report of two cases and review of the published work
Authors: Liu You‐Chen Serena , Cheng Yu‐Pin , Liu Chuan‐I , Yang Chin‐Yi , Yang Chia‐Yi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPresenile diffuse familial sebaceous hyperplasia (PDFSH) presents as extensive yellowish papules with central umbilication on the face without involvement of periorificial regions and occurs in adolescents or young adults with a positive family history. Thirteen cases of PDFSH have been reported in the English‐language published work, 10 of which responded to oral isotretinoin from 0.5 to 1 mg/kg per day but recurrences were often observed. Herein, we report two cases of PDFSH, which were successfully managed without recurrence with prolonged low‐dose isotretinoin (0.2 mg/kg per day, a cumulative dose of 41 and 64 mg/kg, respectively). Treatment protocols among different published works were reviewed to verify the efficacy of isotretinoin.