bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Scale (LANSS) is not an adequate outcome measure of pressure ulcer‐related neuropathic pain
Authors: Rutherford C. , Nixon J.E. , Brown J.M. , Briggs M. , Horton M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundFew pain assessment scales have been used in pressure ulcer (PU) research and none developed or validated for people with PUs. We examined the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) scale to determine its utility as an outcome measure for people with pressure area‐related pain.MethodsLeeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs data from 728 participants underwent psychometric analyses: traditional tests for data quality, scaling assumptions, reliability and validity and a Rasch analysis including tests of fit, spread and targeting of item locations, response dependency, person separation index (reliability) and differential item functioning.ResultsOur findings offer support for a unidimensional scale; confirmatory factor analysis indicated a non‐significant chi‐square test of model fit [(df = 14) 23.48, p = 0.053]. However, some misfit was identified at the overall scale and individual item levels, and internal construct validity of the LANSS as an outcome measure for neuropathic pain in people with pressure area‐related pain was not supported; low to moderate item‐total correlations [Chi Square (df = 28) 55.546, p = 0.002] and inter‐item correlations (mean 0.117 and range from 0.063 to 0.415); and low Cronbach's alpha (0.549) and Person Separation Index (0.334).ConclusionsRequirements for reliable and valid measurement do not support the use of the LANSS as an outcome measure in people with PUs at the individual level or as a generalized measurement scale of neuropathic pain across ulcer severity groups. Expanding the number of items to aid differentiation between neuropathic pain levels and improving scale reliability is recommended.What does this study add?The Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs scale (LANSS) is not suitable as an outcome measure of pressure ulcer‐related neuropathic pain as it did not meet requirements for reliable and valid measurement in this population.
An automated approach to Litchfield and Wilcoxon's evaluation of dose–effect experiments using the R package LW1949
Authors: Adams Jean V. , Slaght Karen S. , Boogaard Michael A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

The authors developed a package, LW1949, for use with the statistical software R to automatically carry out the manual steps of Litchfield and Wilcoxon's method of evaluating dose–effect experiments. The LW1949 package consistently finds the best fitting dose–effect relation by minimizing the chi-squared statistic of the observed and expected number of affected individuals and substantially speeds up the line-fitting process and other calculations that Litchfield and Wilcoxon originally carried out by hand. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:3058–3061. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Developmental toxicity of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (epoxide resin badge) during the early life cycle of a native amphibian species
Authors: Hutler Wolkowicz Ianina , Svartz Gabriela V. , Aronzon Carolina M. , Pérez Coll Christina 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is used in packaging materials, in epoxy adhesives, and as an additive for plastics, but it is also a potential industrial wastewater contaminant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adverse effects of BADGE on Rhinella arenarum by means of standardized bioassays at embryo–larval development. The results showed that BADGE was more toxic to embryos than to larvae at all exposure times. At acute exposure, lethality rates of embryos exposed to concentrations of 0.0005 mg/L BADGE and greater were significantly higher than rates in the vehicle control, whereas lethality rates of larvae were significantly higher in concentrations of 10 mg/L BADGE and greater. The toxicity then increased significantly, with 96-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of 0.13 mg/L and 6.9 mg/L BADGE for embryos and larvae, respectively. By the end of the chronic period, the 336-h LC50s were 0.04 mg/L and 2.2 mg/L BADGE for embryos and larvae, respectively. This differential sensitivity was also ascertained by the 24-h pulse exposure experiments, in which embryos showed a stage-dependent toxicity, with blastula being the most sensitive stage and S.23 the most resistant. The most important sublethal effects in embryos were cell dissociation and delayed development, whereas the main abnormalities observed in larvae related to neurotoxicity, as scare response to stimuli and narcotic effect. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:3031–3038. © 2016 SETAC
Preferences for ‘New’ Treatments Diminish in the Face of Ambiguity
Authors: Harrison Mark , Marra Carlo A. , Bansback Nick 
Published: May 2016

SummaryNew products usually offer advantages over existing products, but in health care, most new drugs are ‘me‐too’, comparable in effectiveness and side effects to existing drugs, but with a more ambiguous evidence base around adverse effects. Despite this, new treatments drive increased health care spending, suggesting a preference for ‘newness’ in this setting. We explore (1) whether preferences for treatments labeled ‘new’ exist and (2) persist once the ambiguity in the evidence base reflecting newness is described. We use a Canadian general population sample (n = 2837) characterized by their innovativeness in adopting new products in normal markets. We found that innovators/early adopters (n = 173) had significant preferences for ‘newer’ treatments (B = 0.162, p = 0.038) irrespective of comparable benefits and side effects and all respondents had significant preferences for less ambiguity in benefit/side effect estimates. Notably, when ‘newness’ was combined with ambiguity, no significant preferences for new treatments were observed regardless of respondent innovativeness. We conclude that preferences for new products exist for some people in health care markets but disappear when the implication of ambiguity in the evidence base for new treatments is communicated. Physicians should avoid describing treatments as ‘new’ or be mindful to qualify the implications of ‘new’ treatments in terms of evidence ambiguity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shoulder morbidity after pectoralis major flap reconstruction
Authors: Refos Joel W. J. , Witte Birgit I. , de Goede Cees J. T. , de Bree Remco 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundDonor site morbidity of pectoralis major pedicled flap (PMPF) is scarcely studied.MethodsA cross‐sectional study on patients who underwent reconstructive surgery with a PMPF at least 6 months before was performed. Patients with a similar type neck dissection on both sides and PMPF on one side (n = 9) were assigned to group 1; patients with neck dissection and PMPF (n = 26) were assigned to group 2; and neck dissection only (n = 47) were assigned to group 3. All 3 groups filled out a shoulder disability questionnaire and underwent shoulder function tests. Pain of the shoulder was rated on a visual analog scale (VAS). Patients were also asked if they had experienced stiffness of the shoulder during the previous week. Range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder was examined by one single examiner using an inclinometer, in accord with a standardized protocol. Radical neck dissection (RND), modified radical neck dissection (MRND), and selective neck dissection (SND) sides were separately analyzed.ResultsIn group 2, shoulder morbidity was experienced more often (p = .065) than in group 3, particularly at the sides where an SND was performed (p = .010). Significant differences in prevalence of shoulder stiffness between PMPF and neck dissection sides and neck dissection only sides were found in the RND (p = .001) and MRND (p = .004) groups, but not in the SND group. A lower ROM of abduction (p = .026) was found in group 2 as compared to group 3.ConclusionPatients frequently have additional shoulder morbidity after PMPF harvest, particularly after SND. PMPF harvest adds to impairment of abduction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1221–1228, 2016
Revision of the affinity constant for perchlorate binding to the sodium‐iodide symporter based on in vitro and human in vivo data
Authors: Schlosser Paul M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA series of previously published physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models describe the effect of perchlorate on iodide uptake by the thyroid, with the mechanism being competitive inhibition of iodide transport by the sodium‐iodide symporter (NIS). Hence a key parameter of these models is the affinity of perchlorate for the NIS, characterized as the Michaelis–Menten kinetic constant, Km. However, when model predictions were compared to published results of a human study measuring radio‐iodide uptake (RAIU) inhibition after controlled perchlorate exposures, it was found to only fit the lowest exposure level and underpredicted RAIU inhibition at higher levels. Published in vitro data, in which perchlorate‐induced inhibition of iodide uptake via the NIS was measured, were re‐analyzed. Km for binding of perchlorate to the NIS originally derived from these data, 1.5 μm, had been obtained using Lineweaver–Burk plots, which allow for linear regression but invert the signal–noise of the data. Re‐fitting these data by non‐linear regression of the non‐inverted data yielded a 60% lower value for the Km, 0.59 μm. Substituting this value into the PBPK model for an average adult human significantly improved model agreement with the human RAIU data for exposures <100 μg kg−1 day−1. Thus, this lower Km value both fits the in vitro NIS kinetics and provides better predictions of human in vivo RAIU data. This change in Km increases the predicted sensitivity of humans to perchlorate over twofold for low‐level exposures. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Radiological, histological, and hematological evaluation of hydroxyapatite‐coated resorbable magnesium alloy screws placed in rabbit tibia
Authors: Lim Ho‐Kyung , Byun Soo‐Hwan , Lee Jin‐Yong , Lee Jung‐Woo , Kim Sae‐Mi , Lee Sung‐Mi , Kim Hyoun‐Ee , Lee Jong‐Ho 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTitanium (Ti) screw has excellent mechanical property, and osseointegration capacity. However, they require surgery for removal. In contrast, polymer screws are resorbable, but they have poor mechanical properties. In this research, magnesium alloy screws (WE43: Mg‐Y‐Nd‐Zr) that have advantages of titanium and polymer were manufactured. In addition, to increase biocompatibility and control degradation rate, the Mg alloy was coated with hydroxyapatite (HA). Torsion test and corrosion test were performed in vitro. For clinical, radiological and histological evaluation, on the eight rabbits, two HA‐coated screws were installed in left tibia, and two noncoated screws were installed in right tibia. Each four rabbits were sacrificed 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. For hematological evaluation, the same type of screws were installed on both legs. Complete blood count (CBC), Mg2+ concentrate were sampled from the ear central artery on the operation day for a control point, and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks. Mg alloy screws have no differences of biocompatibility according to the HA coating. However, resorption of screw was slower in case of the HA coating. The hematological problem related releasing of Mg was not found. The results suggest that Mg alloy screws have feasibility for clinical application. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1636–1644, 2017.
4D magnetic resonance flow imaging for estimating pulmonary vascular resistance in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Kheyfets Vitaly O. , Schafer Michal , Podgorski Chris A. , Schroeder Joyce D. , Browning James , Hertzberg Jean , Buckner J. Kern , Hunter Kendal S. , Shandas Robin , Fenster Brett E. 
Published: May 2016

PurposeTo develop an estimate of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) using blood flow measurements from 3D velocity‐encoded phase contract magnetic resonance imaging (here termed 4D MRI).Materials and MethodsIn all, 17 patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and five controls underwent right heart catheterization (RHC), 4D and 2D Cine MRI (1.5T) within 24 hours. MRI was used to compute maximum spatial peak systolic vorticity in the main pulmonary artery (MPA) and right pulmonary artery (RPA), cardiac output, and relative area change in the MPA. These parameters were combined in a four‐parameter multivariate linear regression model to arrive at an estimate of PVR. Agreement between model predicted and measured PVR was also evaluated using Bland–Altman plots. Finally, model accuracy was tested by randomly withholding a patient from regression analysis and using them to validate the multivariate equation.ResultsA decrease in vorticity in the MPA and RPA were correlated with an increase in PVR (MPA: R2 = 0.54, P < 0.05; RPA: R2 = 0.75, P < 0.05). Expanding on this finding, we identified a multivariate regression equation that accurately estimates PVR (R2 = 0.94, P < 0.05) across severe PH and normotensive populations. Bland–Altman plots showed 95% of the differences between predicted and measured PVR to lie within 1.49 Wood units. Model accuracy testing revealed a prediction error of ∼20%.ConclusionA multivariate model that includes MPA relative area change and flow characteristics, measured using 4D and 2D Cine MRI, offers a promising technique for noninvasively estimating PVR in PH patients. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:914–922.
Total knee arthroplasty for posttraumatic osteoarthritis in military personnel under age 50
Authors: Murtha Andrew S. , Johnson Anthony E. , Buckwalter Joseph A. , Rivera Jessica C. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTUnited States military personnel frequently suffer knee injuries. The resulting progressive posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) causes significant disability in these young high‐demand patients for which total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the only effective treatment of their pain and impairment. Yet the use of this option for treatment of PTOA has not been studied. This retrospective review identified 74 knees in 64 U.S. military personnel who underwent TKA at ≤50 years of age during an 8‐year period at a tertiary‐care, academic, military medical center. Fifty‐five knees (74.3%) experienced one or more prior ligamentous, meniscal, or chondral injuries prior to arthroplasty. Only one subject had a history of osteochondral intra‐articular fracture. The average at injury was 29.2 years (95%CI of ±2.50) with an average age at arthroplasty of 44.3 years (±1.11). The most common injury was anterior cruciate ligament rupture (n = 19) with a mean time to TKA of 23.1 (±10.54) and 18.8 years (±7.01) when concomitant meniscal pathology was noted. Nineteen patients were noted to have radiographic and symptomatic end‐stage osteoarthritis without a specified etiology at 41.4 years (±1.47) and underwent subsequent TKA. This is the first study to evaluate treatment of end‐stage PT OA in young people treated with TKA, finding that the incidence of PTOA as an indication for arthroplasty is significantly higher than among civilians. In this otherwise healthy, high‐demand patient population, the rate of OA progression following knee injury is accelerated and the long term implications can be career and life altering. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:677–681, 2017.
Functional genomics in osteoarthritis: Past, present, and future
Authors: Steinberg Julia , Zeggini Eleftheria 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common complex disease of high public health burden. OA is characterized by the degeneration of affected joints leading to pain and reduced mobility. Over the last few years, several studies have focused on the genomic changes underpinning OA. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of genome‐wide, non‐hypothesis‐driven functional genomics (methylation, gene, and protein expression) studies of knee and hip OA in humans. Individual studies have generally been limited in sample size and hence power, and have differed in their approaches; nonetheless, some common themes have started to emerge, notably the role played by biological processes related to the extracellular matrix, immune response, the WNT pathway, angiogenesis, and skeletal development. Larger‐scale studies and streamlined, robust methodologies will be needed to further elucidate the biological etiology of OA going forward. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 34:1105–1110, 2016.
Genetic variation of carotenoids, vitamin E and phenolic compounds in Provitamin A biofortified maize
Authors: Muzhingi Tawanda , Palacios‐Rojas Natalia , Miranda Alejandra , Cabrera Maria L , Yeum Kyung‐J , Tang Guangwen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiofortified maize is not only a good vehicle for provitamin A carotenoids for vitamin A deficient populations in developing countries but also a source of vitamin E, tocochromanols and phenolic compounds, which have antioxidant properties. Using high‐performance liquid chromatography and a total antioxidant performance assay, the present study analyzed the antioxidant variation and antioxidant activity of 36 provitamin A improved maize hybrids and one common yellow maize hybrid.RESULTSThe ranges of major carotenoids in provitamin A carotenoids biofortified maize were zeaxanthin [1.2–13.2 µg g−1 dry weight (DW)], β‐cryptoxanthin (1.3–8.8 µg g−1 DW) and β‐carotene (1.3–8.0 µg g−1 DW). The ranges of vitamin E compounds identified in provitamin A carotenoids biofortified maize were α‐tocopherol (3.4–34.3 µg g−1 DW), γ‐tocopherol (5.9–54.4 µg g−1 DW), α‐tocotrienol (2.6–19.5 µg g−1 DW) and γ‐tocotrienol (45.4 µg g−1 DW). The ranges of phenolic compounds were γ‐oryzanol (0.0–0.8 mg g−1 DW), ferulic acid (0.4–3.6 mg g−1 DW) and p‐coumaric acid (0.1–0.45 mg g−1 DW). There was significant correlation between α‐tocopherol and cis isomers of β‐carotene (P < 0.01). Tocotrienols were correlated with α‐tocopherol and γ‐oryzanol (P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONGenotype was significant in determining the variation in β‐cryptoxanthin, β‐carotene, α‐tocopherol and γ‐tocopherol contents (P < 0.01). A genotype × environment interaction was observed for γ‐tocopherol content (P < 0.01). © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The endochitinase ChiA Btt of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis DSM‐2803 and its potential use to control the phytopathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: de la Fuente‐Salcido Norma M. , Casados‐Vázquez Luz E. , García‐Pérez Ada P. , Barboza‐Pérez Uriel E. , Bideshi Dennis K. , Salcedo‐Hernández Rubén , García‐ Almendarez Blanca E. , Barboza‐Corona José E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis DSM‐2803 has been studied extensively and spore/crystal mixtures of this strain are used widely in commercial products to control coleopteran pests. The endochitinase chiA Btt gene of B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis DSM‐2803 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant 6x‐histidine tagged protein (rChiA Btt, ~74 kDa), was purified by a HiTrap Ni affinity column. The Km of rChiA Btt was 0.847 μmol L−1 and its optimal activity occurred at pH 7 and ~40°C. Most divalent cations reduced endochitinase activity but only Hg+2 abolished activity of the enzyme. We report for the first time the characterization of a chitinase synthesized by B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis DSM‐2803, and show that the purified rChiA74 Btt reduced the radial growth and increased the hyphal density of Colletotrichium gloeosporioides, the etiological agent of “anthracnose” in plants.
“MASSIVE” brain dataset: Multiple acquisitions for standardization of structural imaging validation and evaluation
Authors: Froeling Martijn , Tax Chantal M.W. , Vos Sjoerd B. , Luijten Peter R. , Leemans Alexander 
Published: May 2016

PurposeIn this work, we present the MASSIVE (Multiple Acquisitions for Standardization of Structural Imaging Validation and Evaluation) brain dataset of a single healthy subject, which is intended to facilitate diffusion MRI (dMRI) modeling and methodology development.MethodsMRI data of one healthy subject (female, 25 years) were acquired on a clinical 3 Tesla system (Philips Achieva) with an eight‐channel head coil. In total, the subject was scanned on 18 different occasions with a total acquisition time of 22.5 h. The dMRI data were acquired with an isotropic resolution of 2.5 mm3 and distributed over five shells with b‐values up to 4000 s/mm2 and two Cartesian grids with b‐values up to 9000 s/mm2.ResultsThe final dataset consists of 8000 dMRI volumes, corresponding B0 field maps and noise maps for subsets of the dMRI scans, and ten three‐dimensional FLAIR, T1‐, and T2‐weighted scans. The average signal‐to‐noise‐ratio of the non–diffusion‐weighted images was roughly 35.ConclusionThis unique set of in vivo MRI data will provide a robust framework to evaluate novel diffusion processing techniques and to reliably compare different approaches for diffusion modeling. The MASSIVE dataset is made publically available (both unprocessed and processed) on www.massive-data.org. Magn Reson Med 77:1797–1809, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Pregnant women models analyzed for RF exposure and temperature increase in 3TRF shimmed birdcages
Authors: Murbach Manuel , Neufeld Esra , Samaras Theodoros , Córcoles Juan , Robb Fraser J. , Kainz Wolfgang , Kuster Niels 
Published: May 2016

PurposeMRI is increasingly used to scan pregnant patients. We investigated the effect of 3 Tesla (T) two‐port radiofrequency (RF) shimming in anatomical pregnant women models.Theory and MethodsRF shimming improves B1+ uniformity, but may at the same time significantly alter the induced current distribution and result in large changes in both the level and location of the absorbed RF energy. In this study, we evaluated the electrothermal exposure of pregnant women in the third, seventh, and ninth month of gestation at various imaging landmarks in RF body coils, including modes with RF shimming.ResultsAlthough RF shimmed configurations may lower the local RF exposure for the mother, they can increase the thermal load on the fetus. In worst‐case configurations, whole‐body exposure and local peak temperatures—up to 40.8°C—are equal in fetus and mother.ConclusionsTwo‐port RF shimming can significantly increase the fetal exposure in pregnant women, requiring further research to derive a very robust safety management. For the time being, restriction to the CP mode, which reduces fetal SAR exposure compared with linear‐horizontal polarization modes, may be advisable. Results from this study do not support scanning pregnant patients above the normal operating mode. Magn Reson Med 77:2048–2056, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine