bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the intrauterine fetal death of fetuses with cystic hygroma in early pregnancy
Authors: Shimura Mai , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Nagase Hiromi , Mochizuki Akihiko , Sekiguchi Futoshi , Koshimizu Naho , Itai Toshiyuki , Odagami Mizuha 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTWe investigated whether it was possible to predict the prognosis of fetuses with cystic hygroma in early pregnancy based on the degree of neck thickening. We retrospectively analyzed 57 singleton pregnancies with fetuses with cystic hygroma who were examined before the 22nd week of pregnancy. The fetuses were categorized according to the outcome, structural abnormalities at birth, and chromosomal abnormalities. Here, we proposed a new sonographic predictor with which we assessed neck thickening by dividing the width of the neck thickening by the biparietal diameter, which is expressed as the cystic hygroma width/biparietal diameter ratio. The median cystic hygroma width/biparietal diameter ratio in the intrauterine fetal death group (0.51) was significantly higher than that in the live birth group (0.27). No significant difference in the median cystic hygroma width/biparietal diameter ratio was found between the structural abnormalities group at birth and the no structural abnormalities group, and no significant difference in the median cystic hygroma width/biparietal diameter ratio was found between the chromosomal abnormality group and the no chromosomal abnormality group. We used receiver operating characteristic analysis to evaluate the cystic hygroma width/biparietal diameter ratio to predict intrauterine fetal death. When the cystic hygroma width/biparietal diameter ratio cut‐off value was 0.5, intrauterine fetal death could be predicted with a sensitivity of 52.9% and a specificity of 100%. It is possible to predict intrauterine fetal death in fetuses with cystic hygroma in early pregnancy if cystic hygroma width/biparietal diameter ratio is measured. However, even if cystic hygroma width/biparietal diameter ratio is measured, predicting the presence or absence of a structural abnormality at birth or a chromosomal abnormality is difficult.
Factors associated with p‐phenylenediamine sensitization: data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology, 2008–2013
Authors: Schubert Steffen , Lessmann Holger , Schnuch Axel , Uter Wolfgang , Geier Johannes ,   for the IVDK
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundRisk factors for p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) sensitization include the use of hair dyes, the application of temporary black henna tattoos, working as a hairdresser, and, possibly, exposure to hair dye pretests.ObjectivesTo quantify the impact of these (putative) risk factors on PPD sensitization.MethodsSix items related to PPD exposure were added to the routine Information Network of Departments of Dermatology questionnaire from 2008 to 2013. A retrospective analysis of data from 4314 patients tested with PPD 1% pet. was conducted.ResultsOf the PPD‐positive patients (n = 271), 80% had their hair dyed, and, of these, 57% subsequently developed scalp dermatitis, whereas only 11% had had a henna tattoo. The self‐administrated pretest with hair dye was performed by only a few patients, precluding a more detailed analysis. Hair dyeing [odds ratio (OR) 6.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.9–9.4], henna tattoos (OR 2.4; 95%CI: 1.5–3.7) and being a hairdresser (OR 2.1; 95%CI: 1.3–3.2) increased the risk of PPD sensitization. Neither dyeing of own hair nor application of a temporary henna tattoo seemed to affect PPD sensitization in hairdressers. p‐Aminoaryl compounds more often gave positive reactions in patients with henna tattoo.ConclusionsHair dyeing is the major risk factor for PPD sensitization in this clinical setting, and application of a temporary black henna tattoo may also lead to (strong) PPD sensitization.
Measurement in pediatric epilepsy self‐management: A critical review
Authors: Smith Gigi , Modi Avani C. , Johnson Erica K. , Shegog Ross , Austin Joan K. , Wagner Janelle L. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryGiven the paucity of information available regarding self‐management, the aims of this paper are to synthesize the literature on factors associated with and measures to assess self‐management in pediatric epilepsy. Inclusion criteria: youth birth to 18 years with a seizure disorder or an epilepsy diagnosis and/or their caregivers, published 1985‐2014 in English, and conducted in countries with a very high human development index. The review was conducted in 6 phases: (1) identification of bibliographical search criteria and databases; (2) abstract assessment; (3) full article review; (4) organization of final citations into categories; (5) identification of predictors, potential mediators/moderators, and outcomes associated with self‐management factors and categorization of factors as influences, processes, or behaviors across individual, family, community, and health care domains; and (6) critique of self‐management instrument studies. Twenty‐five studies that evaluated factors associated with self‐management were identified. Individual and family‐focused factors were the most commonly studied predictors of self‐management, with psychosocial care needs and self‐efficacy for seizure management identified as key factors associated with pediatric epilepsy self‐management. Few studies have included mediator and moderator analyses. Measures of adherence were the most commonly used outcome. There has been a predominant focus on pediatric epilepsy influences and processes that are modifiable in nature, potentially at the expense of evidence for the role of community and health systems in pediatric epilepsy self‐management. The 6 self‐management instrument tools reported scientific rationale and good psychometric properties. Results highlight several key modifiable cognitive and behavioral targets for skills development: adherence, self‐efficacy for seizure management, attitudes toward epilepsy, and family variables. Moving forward, a comprehensive pediatric epilepsy self‐management model, well‐validated measures of self‐management behaviors, mediator/moderator designs to examine the complex relationships between predictors and pediatric epilepsy self‐management outcomes, and studies examining the community and health care domains of self‐management are necessary.
Explaining the Consequences of Paternal Incarceration for Children's Behavioral Problems
Authors: Dwyer Emory Allison 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo measure the extent to which changes within children's families associated with paternal incarceration account for increased externalizing and acting‐out behavior in children with incarcerated fathers.BackgroundPaternal incarceration has consistently been linked with aggression and acting‐out behaviors in children, yet mechanisms underlying these behavioral problems remain unclear. Identifying these paths is essential for both understanding how incarceration contributes to intergenerational disadvantage and determining how best to mitigate the collateral consequences of incarceration for children.MethodLongitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study are used with structural equation modeling to test the extent to which the co‐occurring changes to material hardship, family engagement, and caregiver stress mediate the association between paternal incarceration and child behavior at 9 years of age.ResultsTwo key findings emerged from this analysis. First, changes in family‐level well‐being account for nearly half of the total association between recent paternal incarceration and aggressive or externalizing behavior in children. Second, fathers' weakened family relationships and families' increased material hardship are the strongest and most consistent mechanisms explaining these outcomes.ConclusionIn clarifying pathways, these findings are an important step toward understanding and ultimately targeting the most harmful components of the incarceration experience for children.ImplicationsA wide array of prevention and intervention efforts exist to mitigate the implications of paternal incarceration for children. These analyses suggest that for child behavioral outcomes, focusing on incarceration‐related changes to material hardship and father engagement occurring within families may be a productive way to disrupt intergenerational disadvantage.
Having a Finger in the Pie: Labor Power and Corporate Payout Policy
Authors: Haw In‐Mu , Hu Bingbing , Wu Donghui , Zhang Xu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExploiting time‐series data on labor laws from 39 countries, we investigate how labor power influences firms’ payouts. We find that legislative changes that strengthen labor power reduce firms’ dividend payments and total payouts. The payout restriction effect of labor power is more pronounced in firms with greater labor intensity and in firms operating in countries with broader collective bargaining coverage and more effective law enforcement. Tightened operating flexibility and excess wage extraction are two plausible channels through which labor power affects payouts. These findings indicate that labor power is another important country‐wide institution that shapes corporate payout policy.
High land‐use intensity exacerbates shifts in grassland vegetation composition after severe experimental drought
Authors: Stampfli Andreas , Bloor Juliette M. G. , Fischer Markus , Zeiter Michaela 
Published: January 2018

AbstractClimate change projections anticipate increased frequency and intensity of drought stress, but grassland responses to severe droughts and their potential to recover are poorly understood. In many grasslands, high land‐use intensity has enhanced productivity and promoted resource‐acquisitive species at the expense of resource‐conservative ones. Such changes in plant functional composition could affect the resistance to drought and the recovery after drought of grassland ecosystems with consequences for feed productivity resilience and environmental stewardship. In a 12‐site precipitation exclusion experiment in upland grassland ecosystems across Switzerland, we imposed severe edaphic drought in plots under rainout shelters and compared them with plots under ambient conditions. We used soil water potentials to scale drought stress across sites. Impacts of precipitation exclusion and drought legacy effects were examined along a gradient of land‐use intensity to determine how grasslands resisted to, and recovered after drought. In the year of precipitation exclusion, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in plots under rainout shelters was −15% to −56% lower than in control plots. Drought effects on ANPP increased with drought severity, specified as duration of topsoil water potential ψ < −100 kPa, irrespective of land‐use intensity. In the year after drought, ANPP had completely recovered, but total species diversity had declined by −10%. Perennial species showed elevated mortality, but species richness of annuals showed a small increase due to enhanced recruitment. In general, the more resource‐acquisitive grasses increased at the expense of the deeper‐rooted forbs after drought, suggesting that community reorganization was driven by competition rather than plant mortality. The negative effects of precipitation exclusion on forbs increased with land‐use intensity. Our study suggests a synergistic impact of land‐use intensification and climate change on grassland vegetation composition, and implies that biomass recovery after drought may occur at the expense of biodiversity maintenance.
Transsphincteric repair of rectourethral fistulas: 15 years of experience with the York Mason approach
Authors: Dafnis George 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the surgical and functional outcomes of our single institution's 15‐year experience with surgically treated rectourethral fistulas using a modification of the York Mason technique.MethodsProspectively recorded data between 2002 and 2016 of all patients who underwent transsphincteric repair of rectourethral fistula using a modified York Mason technique at Eskilstuna County Hospital, Eskilstuna, Sweden, were assessed. A total of 20 consecutive patients, including 17 referrals (85%) and three patients (15%) from our hospital have undergone the modified York Mason procedure. The surgical and functional outcomes were evaluated.ResultsOf the 20 patients, 18 were repaired successfully (90%), and one was combined with a dartos muscle interposition flap. No fistula recurrence occurred in the 18 successful repairs during the median follow‐up time of 84.7 months. Before fistula repair, 12 patients (60%) underwent a diverting stoma. The remaining eight patients (40%) underwent repair and synchronous diverting stoma. We did not find any significant differences between patients in which the repair was successful compared with patients with failed repair, but diabetes, smoking and preoperative irradiation were much more frequent in the failed group. Of the 18 patients who had a successful repair, 17 patients experienced normal voiding and no urinary incontinence. One patient was suffering from postprostatectomy incontinence before rectourethral fistula repair, and was successfully treated with Scott prosthesis. All the 13 patients in whom the stoma had been closed reported intact fecal continence and no anal stenosis postoperatively.ConclusionsThe transsphincteric modified York Mason approach offers excellent exposure and a high fistula closure rate without fecal and urinary incontinence.
Inversion domain network stabilization and spinel phase suppression in ZnO
Authors: Hoemke Joshua , Tochigi Eita , Tohei Tetsuya , Yoshida Hidehiro , Shibata Naoya , Ikuhara Yuichi , Sakka Yoshio 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe development of inversion domain networks consisting of basal‐plane and pyramidal‐plane inversion domain boundary (b‐IDB and p‐IDB) interfaces within grains in Sn‐Al dual‐doped ZnO (Zn0.98Sn0.01Al0.01O) polycrystalline ceramics has been confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. The atomic structure of the b‐IDB and p‐IDB interfaces has been analyzed using atomic‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. The localization of Sn and Al at the respective sites of the b‐IDBs and p‐IDBs was confirmed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. In contrast to Sn or Al single‐dopant addition to ZnO, which results in the formation of spinel phase precipitates without the development of inversion domain networks, Sn‐Al dual‐doping caused the suppression of spinel phase formation and the formation of monophasic inversion domain networks composed of RMO3(ZnO)n homologous phase compound members, where R and M represent dopants substituting at the b‐IDB and p‐IDB sites, with a general formula of SnAlO3(ZnO)n. The results of this study demonstrate that the formation of inversion domain networks in ZnO‐based ceramics can be stabilized via multiple‐dopant addition. This finding has potential implications for the modification of the bulk or nanoscale properties based on the choice of the specific dopants, R and M, the control of the ratio R:M and the value of n in the RMO3(ZnO)n homologous phase compound members constituting the inversion domain networks.
Conserved roles of Osiris genes in insect development, polymorphism and protection
Authors: Smith C. R. , Morandin C. , Noureddine M. , Pant S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMuch of the variation among insects is derived from the different ways that chitin has been moulded to form rigid structures, both internal and external. In this study, we identify a highly conserved expression pattern in an insect‐only gene family, the Osiris genes, that is essential for development, but also plays a significant role in phenotypic plasticity and in immunity/toxicity responses. The majority of Osiris genes exist in a highly syntenic cluster, and the cluster itself appears to have arisen very early in the evolution of insects. We used developmental gene expression in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, the bumble bee, Bombus terrestris, the harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, and the wood ant, Formica exsecta, to compare patterns of Osiris gene expression both during development and between alternate caste phenotypes in the polymorphic social insects. Developmental gene expression of Osiris genes is highly conserved across species and correlated with gene location and evolutionary history. The social insect castes are highly divergent in pupal Osiris gene expression. Sets of co‐expressed genes that include Osiris genes are enriched in gene ontology terms related to chitin/cuticle and peptidase activity. Osiris genes are essential for cuticle formation in both embryos and pupae, and genes co‐expressed with Osiris genes affect wing development. Additionally, Osiris genes and those co‐expressed seem to play a conserved role in insect toxicology defences and digestion. Given their role in development, plasticity, and protection, we propose that the Osiris genes play a central role in insect adaptive evolution.
Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Reduces Incident Frailty Risk: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kojima Gotaro , Avgerinou Christina , Iliffe Steve , Walters Kate 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review of the literature on prospective cohort studies examining associations between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and incident frailty and to perform a meta‐analysis to synthesize the pooled risk estimates.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.SettingEmbase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched on September 14, 2017. We reviewed references of included studies and relevant review papers and performed forward citation tracking for additional studies. Corresponding authors were contacted for additional data necessary for a meta‐analysis.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling older adults (mean age ≥60).MeasurementsIncident frailty risk according to adherence to a Mediterranean diet.ResultsTwo reviewers independently screened the title, abstract, and full text to ascertain the eligibility of 125 studies that the systematic search of the literature identified, and four studies were included (5,789 older people with mean follow‐up of 3.9 years). Two reviewers extracted data from the studies independently. All four studies provided adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of incident frailty risk according to three Mediterranean diet score (MDS) groups (0–3, 4–5, and 6–9). Greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with significantly lower incident frailty risk (pooled OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.47–0.82, P = .001 for MDS 4–5; pooled OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.31–0.64, P < .001 for MDS 6–9) than poorer adherence (MDS 0–3). Neither significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0–16%, P = .30) nor evidence of publication bias was observed.ConclusionGreater adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with significantly lower risk of incident frailty in community‐dwelling older people. Future studies should confirm these findings and evaluate whether adherence to a Mediterranean diet can reduce the risk of frailty, including in non‐Mediterranean populations.
Measurement of two‐photon‐absorption spectra through nonlinear fluorescence produced by a line‐shaped excitation beam
Authors: HASANI E. , PARRAVICINI J. , TARTARA L. , TOMASELLI A. , TOMASSINI D. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryWe propose an innovative experimental approach to estimate the two‐photon absorption (TPA) spectrum of a fluorescent material. Our method develops the standard indirect fluorescence‐based method for the TPA measurement by employing a line‐shaped excitation beam, generating a line‐shaped fluorescence emission. Such a configuration, which requires a relatively high amount of optical power, permits to have a greatly increased fluorescence signal, thus avoiding the photon counterdetection devices usually used in these measurements, and allowing to employ detectors such as charge‐coupled device (CCD) cameras. The method is finally tested on a fluorescent isothiocyanate sample, whose TPA spectrum, which is measured with the proposed technique, is compared with the TPA spectra reported in the literature, confirming the validity of our experimental approach.
Fitting unanchored puzzle pieces in the skeleton: appropriate 3D scapular positions for the quadrupedal support in tetrapods
Authors: Fujiwara Shin‐ichi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDeducing the scapular positions of extinct tetrapod skeletons remains difficult, because the scapulae and rib cage are connected with each other not directly by skeletal joint, but by thoracic muscles. In extant non‐testudine quadrupedal tetrapods, the top positions of the scapulae/suprascapulae occur at the anterior portion of the rib cage, above the vertebral column and near the median plane. The adequacy of this position was tested using three‐dimensional mechanical models of Felis, Rattus and Chamaeleo that assumed stances on a forelimb on a single side and the hindlimbs. The net moment about the acetabulum generated by the gravity force and the contractive forces of the anti‐gravity thoracic muscles, and the resistance of the rib to vertical compression between the downward gravity and upward lifting force from the anti‐gravity thoracic muscle depend on the scapular position. The scapular position common among quadrupeds corresponds to the place at which the roll and yaw moments of the uplifted portion of the body are negligible, where the pitch moment is large enough to lift the body, and above the ribs having high strength against vertical compression. These relationships between scapular position and rib cage morphology should allow reliable reconstruction of limb postures of extinct taxa.
Exploring the research culture of nurses and allied health professionals (AHPs) in a research‐focused and a non‐research‐focused healthcare organisation in the UK
Authors: Luckson Manju , Duncan Fiona , Rajai Azita , Haigh Carol 
Published: January 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore the research culture of nurses and allied health professionals (AHPs) in the UK and the influence of a dedicated research strategy and funding. It is important to understand the culture in order to effectively promote evidence‐based patient care. The primary aim of this research was to explore the influence of research‐focused exposure on the research culture of nurses and AHPs in the UK and to identify whether there was a difference in the research culture between a research‐focused and non‐research‐focused clinical area (City and Riverside Hospitals).BackgroundThis is a unique and novel study that explored and compared the research culture stance of both AHPs and nurses.Design: MethodsA mixed methods design was used in this study. Tools used included the “Research Capacity and Culture tool” as an online survey, three focus group discussions and five semi‐structured interviews with senior managers. Focus groups included research‐naive groups from both hospitals and a research‐active group from City Hospital.ResultsThere were 224 responses received from 941 surveys with a 24% response rate. Descriptive statistics of the survey results indicated that there was a difference (p = .001) in the mean score of the research culture between City Hospital (5.35) and Riverside Hospital (3.90), but not between nurses and AHPs (p = .12).Qualitative data findings from the framework analysis were congruent and supported the survey results. The results provided empirical evidence to support a whole‐level approach in order to improve the research culture. Both findings showed that there may not be any difference in the research culture between professional groups. Importantly, new evidence is presented to suggest that there were crucial communication issues which were hampering the research culture and there was a lack of support at the middle management level which needed to be tackled to improve the research culture of nurses and AHPs.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study highlighted the need to include a whole‐level approach in organisation to improve research culture and to include communication within the Cooke's framework if evidence‐based practice is to influence the quality of patient care.