bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Plasma Levels of Soluble CD40 Ligand and the Presence and Severity of Isolated Coronary Artery Ectasia
Authors: Ozde Cem , Korkmaz Ahmet , Kundi Harun , Oflar Ersan , Ungan Ismail , Xankisi Vusal , Nurlu Nilhan 
Published: November 2016

Objective: We aimed to investigate whether soluble CD40 ligand (CD40L) levels are higher in patients with isolated coronary artery ectasia (CAE) compared to patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries and those with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and Methods: In all, 55 patients with isolated CAE without stenosis, 55 with stable CAD, and 55 control participants with angiographically normal coronary arteries were included. The CAE severity was determined according to the Markis classification. Plasma levels of soluble CD40 ligand were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The baseline characteristics of the 3 groups were similar. Plasma levels of soluble CD40 ligand were significantly higher in patients with CAE and CAD than in controls (2.6 ± 3.1 ng/mL and 2.0 ± 3.1 ng/mL vs 1.8 ± 2.1 ng/mL, P = .004). No difference was found between the CAE and CAD groups. Soluble CD40 ligand level was significantly higher in the type 1 Markis subgroup than that in the type 3 or type 4 subgroups ( P = .01). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that soluble CD40 ligand level >1.2 ng/mL identified patients with isolated CAE. Conclusion: Significantly higher levels of soluble CD40 ligand were detected in patients with CAE than that in control participants with normal coronary arteries, suggesting that soluble CD40 ligand may be involved in the pathogenesis of CAE. The CD40–CD40 ligand system likely plays a role in the pathogenesis of CAE.
Discussing and managing hematologic germ line variants
Authors: Kohlmann Wendy , Schiffman Joshua D. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
With the introduction of genomic technologies, more hereditary cancer syndromes with hematologic malignancies are being described. Up to 10% of hematologic malignancies in children and adults may be the result of an underlying inherited genetic risk. Managing these patients with hereditary hematologic malignancies, including familial leukemia, remains a clinical challenge because there is little information about these relatively rare disorders. This article covers some of the issues related to the diagnosis and interpretation of variants associated with hereditary hematologic malignancies, including the importance of an accurate family history in interpreting genetic variants associated with disease. The challenges of screening other family members and offering the most appropriate early malignancy detection is also discussed. We now have a good opportunity to better define hereditary cancer syndromes with associated hematologic malignancies and contribute to clinically effective guidelines.
Conflicting cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and progression to dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Alexopoulos Panagiotis , Werle Lukas , Roesler Jennifer , Thierjung Nathalie , Gleixner Lena Sophie , Yakushev Igor , Laskaris Nikolaos , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Gourzis Philippos , Kurz Alexander , Perneczky Robert ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Background
According to new diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), biomarkers enable estimation of the individual likelihood of underlying AD pathophysiology and the associated risk of progression to AD dementia for patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Nonetheless, how conflicting biomarker constellations affect the progression risk is still elusive. The present study explored the impact of different cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker constellations on the progression risk of MCI patients.

Methods
A multicentre cohort of 469 patients with MCI and available CSF biomarker results and clinical follow-up data was considered. Biomarker values were categorized as positive for AD, negative or borderline. Progression risk differences between patients with different constellations of total Tau (t-Tau), phosphorylated Tau at threonine 181 (p-Tau) and amyloid-beta 1–42 (Aβ42) were studied. Group comparison analyses and Cox regression models were employed.

Results
Patients with all biomarkers positive for AD (N = 145) had the highest hazard for progression to dementia due to AD, whilst patients with no positive biomarkers (N = 111) had the lowest. The risk of patients with only abnormal p-Tau and/or t-Tau (N = 49) or with positive Aβ42 in combination with positive t-Tau or p-Tau (N = 119) is significantly lower than that of patients with all biomarkers positive.

Conclusions
The risk of progression to dementia due to AD differs between patients with different CSF biomarker constellations.
A Theoretical Guideline for Designing Effective Host Materials Based on 4,4′-Bis(9-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl Derivatives for Blue Phosphorescent Devices
Authors: Oshiyama Tomohiro , Yasukawa Noriko , Kita Hiroshi , Matsui Toru , Sumita Masato , Morihashi Kenji 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Development of host materials is crucial for organic electroluminescent devices. In order to generalize the way to molecular design the host materials, we here present a guideline to design effective host materials for blue phosphorescent devices based on 4,4′-bis(9-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP) derivatives, comparing some theoretical parameters of seven CBP derivatives with experimental ones in terms of thermal stability, T1 energy level, and band gap. Although our computation at the density functional theory level could not reproduce the absolute values and phenomena that were experimentally obtained, theoretical relative correlations between different molecules agreed with experimental ones. Indeed, both experimental and theoretical approaches predicted that the same molecule (1,1-bis(4-(9-carbazolyl)-phenyl)cyclohexane) was viable as blue host material among the target molecules in terms of thermal stability, the T1 state with the LE character within carbazole moieties and T1 energy 3.00 eV higher than that of blue emitters. The qualitative guideline we proposed would be potentially helpful to save experimental work to design other hole- or electron-transporting materials.
An overview of urinary incontinence
Authors: Bardsley Alison 
Published: November 2016

Practice nurses need to find out about all the different types of urinary incontinence and how they can be treated, before they can offer help to patients showing symptoms, writes Alison Bardsley Urinary incontinence is a common problem that is often under-reported due to the embarrassing nature and social stigma attached. Urinary incontinence can have a considerable effect on an individual's quality of life, but can be significantly improved with correct assessment, treatment and management. Conservative treatment options, including pelvic floor exercises, bladder retraining and fluid modification, are recommended before referral to secondary services. This article provides an overview of the main types of urinary incontinence, and summarises recent guidelines for the assessment, diagnosis and effective conservative treatment options for them, and when a referral to specialist care is required.
Strategies for increasing uptake of cervical screening
Authors: Kothari Aine 
Published: November 2016

Practice nurses can help get cervical screening back on the rise by understanding the reasons for non-attendance and then tailoring the primary care provision to encourage more women to have the test, writes Aine Kothari Cervical screening uptake is declining throughout the UK. A knowledge of the reasons for non-attendance can be used to tailor primary care provision of cervical screening to encourage women to respond to their screening invitation. Cervical screening saves lives by early detection and treatment of pre-cancerous abnormalities. The cervical screening procedure takes approximately 15 minutes and the result is generally available within two weeks of the test. This article discusses the barriers to attendance and the strategies that might be adopted to reverse the downward trend in screening uptake.
Evidence-based immunisation for children: Case studies
Authors: Driver Caroylyn 
Published: November 2016

Primary care nurses have a vital role to play in encouraging the uptake of immunisation. Here Carolyn Driver uses case studies to discuss the resources at hand to equip healthcare professionals with the skills and knowledge they need in this field. Immunisation is one of the most important public health measures that primary care offers the population. All health professionals, regardless of whether they administer vaccines or not, should be well-informed on this topic and should know where to get the latest information on the UK national schedule, as well as evidence-based guidelines on the use of vaccines. Primary care nurses are in a particularly good position to make the most of opportunistic encounters to ensure that individuals who have missed routine or recommended vaccines are able to catch up without delay.
The Changing Face of HDL and the Best Way to Measure It
Authors: Karathanasis Sotirios K , Freeman Lita A , Gordon Scott M , Remaley Alan T 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDHDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is a commonly used lipid biomarker for assessing cardiovascular health. While a central focus has been placed on the role of HDL in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) process, our appreciation for the other cardioprotective properties of HDL continues to expand with further investigation into the structure and function of HDL and its specific subfractions. The development of novel assays is empowering the research community to assess different aspects of HDL function, which at some point may evolve into new diagnostic tests.CONTENTThis review discusses our current understanding of the formation and maturation of HDL particles via RCT, as well as the newly recognized roles of HDL outside RCT. The antioxidative, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, antithrombotic, antiinfective, and vasoprotective effects of HDL are all discussed, as are the related methodologies for assessing these different aspects of HDL function. We elaborate on the importance of protein and lipid composition of HDL in health and disease and highlight potential new diagnostic assays based on these parameters.SUMMARYAlthough multiple epidemiologic studies have confirmed that HDL-C is a strong negative risk marker for cardiovascular disease, several clinical and experimental studies have yielded inconsistent results on the direct role of HDL-C as an antiatherogenic factor. As of yet, our increased understanding of HDL biology has not been translated into successful new therapies, but will undoubtedly depend on the development of alternative ways for measuring HDL besides its cholesterol content.
Prehospital diagnosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Stengaard Carsten , Sørensen Jacob Thorsted , Rasmussen Martin Bøhme , Bøtker Morten Thingemann , Pedersen Claus Kjær , Terkelsen Christian Juhl 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Primary percutaneous intervention (PPCI) is the preferred treatment in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) if this can be performed in a timely manner. The 2012 ESC Guidelines on management of AMI in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation advice that PPCI should be performed within 120 min of first medical contact. Prehospital diagnosis of patients with STEMI is performed to save time and make PPCI available to the majority of patients. Although diagnosing patients with STEMI is usually easy, there are important pitfalls and patients with STEMI are missed on occasion. In addition, it is well know that patients without ST elevation may also have a high-risk cardiac condition. The 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation stress the importance of urgent CAG in patients with high-risk non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Unfortunately, these patients are difficult to diagnose in the acute phase and important time may be spend establishing the correct diagnosis. Prehospital biomarker measurement has emerged as a method to gain important additional information. We review the evidence on prehospital diagnosis of patients with STEMI and, In addition, we present the current knowledge on the new diagnostic methods that could have a future role in prehospital rule-in and rule-out of cardiac disease.
Improving the electrochemical behavior of sustainable polyaniline titanium dioxide composite by intercalation of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Phan Thi Binh , Mai Thi Xuan , Nguyen The Duyen , Pham Thi Tot , Mai Thi Thanh Thuy , Nguyen Thi Van Anh , Tran Dai Lam 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPolyaniline titanium dioxide (PANi-TiO
„Fieberkurven“ und „Finanzspritzen“
Authors: Rossfeld Roman 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper makes a case for a stronger cultural and narrative approach to economic history. It shows that an analysis of the discourse strategies used to construct and present the narratives of crises can be used to reach a better understanding of economic crises. Starting from the observation that economic crises are frequently portrayed as serious illnesses which undergo different courses and progressions, the author argues that crises should also be viewed as phenomena of communication and perception. These should be examined in order to reveal either repeatedly used or changing linguistic patterns, metaphors and abstract concepts. The analysis therefore focuses on the relationship between economic crises and crisis discourses. Whether the crisis is described as an “imbalance” (in an otherwise fundamentally stable system) or a multi-layered disease (that culminates in death) is not only based on different metaphors and interpretation patterns. It also has an effect on the assessment of the causes and the progression of the crises, and it presents different courses of possible action.
„Ist nämlich der ganze Spekulationsverkehr erst einmal in einen krankhaft erregten Zustand hineingerathen…“
Authors: Engel Alexander 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The late nineteenth century discourse on stock and commodity exchanges, and especially on the crisis of 1873, made heavy use of metaphors. As a statistical analysis of some key publications in the German language area shows, biological and medical metaphors clearly dominated. They were useful to underscore a number of very different opinions on the frugal or poisonous effects of speculation, capital, etc.; the degree to which exchange reforms (‘medical procedures’) were required or not; and if the exchange needed to be saved at all, or rather to be eradicated for being ‘parasitic’. In contrast to meteorological and mechanistic metaphors, images of health and sickness allowed incorporating a moral dimension in the analysis. The idea of the exchange as a potentially healthy or sick organism became intertwined with notions of speculators themselves, figuratively or literally, developing occasional ‘speculative fever’ (a new variety of the long-established concept of gambling fever) and a constant hysterical condition, as a lifestyle disease of capitalism in the ‘age of nervousness’.
Körper und Krankheit, Maschine und Mechanik
Authors: Klammer Kristoffer 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Economic language as well as figures of economic thought and bodies of knowledge are to a great extent organized in metaphorical terms. Certainly, the metaphorical content of discourse on economic crises cannot be ignored. In fact metaphors are fundamental elements of these discourses. This contribution addresses two especially prevalent and efficacious groups of metaphors: on the one hand, images of body and disease, on the other those of machinery and mechanics. Drawing on the examples of three economic crises of the 20th century, different manifestations of these verbal images are identified and their discursive features illustrated. Finally, the question is examined which factors influence the specific structure of “metaphor households” in crisis discourses.
Resilienz
Authors: Köhler Ingo , Schulze Benjamin W. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The possibility to fail is inherent to entrepreneurial existence. The risk of a system – a company losing stability increases especially in economic crisis as well as in times of social change. Is it possible for companies to develop their own ‘immunity’ which would make it easier to minimize these risks? This paper examines German breweries during the structural change after ‘the boom’. First, the theory of resilience, here in the sense of crisis robustness, is critically analysed and the value for business research considered. Although the term ‘resilience’ was not used by contemporaries, it was, however, an already established concept of action, based on the interaction between anticipatory preparedness and situational flexibility.
Manual Point Cloud Classification and Extraction for Hunter-Gatherer Feature Investigation: A Test Case From Two Low Arctic Paleo-Inuit Sites
Authors: Landry David B. , Milne S. Brooke , Park Robert W. , Ferguson Ian J. , Fayek Mostafa 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFor archaeologists, the task of processing large terrestrial laser scanning (TLS)-derived point
cloud data can be difficult, particularly when focusing on acquiring analytical and interpretive outcomes
from the data. Using our TLS lidar data collected in 2013 from two compositionally different, low Arctic
multi-component hunter-gatherer sites (LdFa-1 and LeDx-42), we demonstrate how a manual point cloud
classification approach with open source software can be used to extract natural and archaeological
features from a site’s surface. Through a combination of spectral datasets typical to TLS (i.e., intensity and
RGB values), archaeologists can enhance the visual and analytical representation of archaeological huntergatherer
site surfaces. Our approach classifies low visibility Arctic site point clouds into independent
segments, each representing a different surface material found on the site. With the segmented dataset, we
extract only the surface boulders to create an alternate characterization of the site’s prominent features and
their surroundings. Using surface point clouds from Paleo-Inuit sites allows us to demonstrate the value of
this approach within hunter-gatherer research as our results illustrate an effective use of large TLS datasets
for extracting and improving our analytical capabilities for low relief site features.
Exploring the Utility of Bathymetry Maps Derived With Multispectral Satellite Observations in the Field of Underwater Archaeology
Authors: Guzinski Radoslaw , Spondylis Elias , Michalis Myrto , Tusa Sebastiano , Brancato Giacoma , Minno Lorenzo , Hansen Lars Boye 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBathymetry maps derived with satellite-based multispectral sensors have been used extensively
for environmental and engineering coastal studies and monitoring. However, so far this technique has not
been widely exploited in other coastal applications, such as underwater archaeology. Submerged settlements
and shipwrecks are often located in water depths where the application of multispectral satellite data is
feasible. This could lead to more efficient field work practices thus enabling more optimal allocations of costs
and labour during archaeological excavations. This study explores the contribution of processed satellite
bathymetry maps to the recording of two archaeological coastal sites: a submerged prehistoric settlement in
Greece and a shipwreck of a modern cargo vessel in Italy. The results indicate that even though the accuracy
of satellite derived bathymetry is high, the level of detail (spatial resolution) is not sufficient to fully replace
field-based measurements. However, the use of satellite data complements the existing techniques and can
help to place the archaeological sites within a broader spatial context as well as to efficiently monitor the
deterioration of a site due to natural causes or human activity, which inevitably leads to risk management.
When the study of larger objects is involved (for example First World War shipwrecks) the potential of using
satellite data in underwater archaeological studies becomes more promising.
The Laffer Curve, Efficiency, and Tax Policy: A Note
Authors: Soldatos Gerasimos T. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This short article underlines the efficiency considerations reflected by a Laffer curve. In a static context in which inflation is assumed away, the Laffer curve describes what would the response of tax revenue to tax rate change be under increasing inflation if there were allocative efficiency, i. e. given perfect competition and full-employment output. The link between market structure and state of economic activity thus emerges as a critical determinant of the shape of Laffer curve. Under imperfect competition, the entire Laffer curve would reflect how the business “leadership” having emanated from the prevailing market structure, uses taxation as a means of higher profit earning capacity.
Negative Allosteric Modulation of mGluR5 Partially Corrects Pathophysiology in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome
Authors: Tao Jifang , Wu Hao , Coronado Amanda A. , de Laittre Elizabeth , Osterweil Emily K. , Zhang Yi , Bear Mark F. 
Published: November 2016

Rett syndrome (RTT) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2), an epigenetic regulator of mRNA transcription. Here, we report a test of the hypothesis of shared pathophysiology of RTT and fragile X, another monogenic cause of autism and intellectual disability. In fragile X, the loss of the mRNA translational repressor FMRP leads to exaggerated protein synthesis downstream of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). We found that mGluR5- and protein-synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity were similarly altered in area CA1 ofMecp2KO mice. CA1 pyramidal cell-type-specific, genome-wide profiling of ribosome-bound mRNAs was performed in wild-type andMecp2KO hippocampal CA1 neurons to reveal the MeCP2-regulated “translatome.” We found significant overlap between ribosome-bound transcripts overexpressed in theMecp2KO and FMRP mRNA targets. These tended to encode long genes that were functionally related to either cytoskeleton organization or the development of neuronal connectivity. In theFmr1KO mouse, chronic treatment with mGluR5-negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) has been shown to ameliorate many mutant phenotypes by correcting excessive protein synthesis. InMecp2KO mice, we found that mGluR5 NAM treatment significantly reduced the level of overexpressed ribosome-associated transcripts, particularly those that were also FMRP targets. Some Rett phenotypes were also ameliorated by treatment, most notably hippocampal cell size and lifespan. Together, these results suggest a potential mechanistic link between MeCP2-mediated transcription regulation and mGluR5/FMRP-mediated protein translation regulation through coregulation of a subset of genes relevant to synaptic functions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAltered regulation of synaptic protein synthesis has been hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology that underlies multiple forms of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Here, we show in a mouse model of Rett syndrome (Mecp2KO) that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5)- and protein-synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity are abnormal in the hippocampus. We found that a subset of ribosome-bound mRNAs was aberrantly upregulated in hippocampal CA1 neurons ofMecp2KO mice, that these significantly overlapped with FMRP direct targets and/or SFARI human autism genes, and that chronic treatment ofMecp2KO mice with an mGluR5-negative allosteric modulator tunes down upregulated ribosome-bound mRNAs and partially improves mutant mice phenotypes.