bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ermittlung der Vorkrümmungen e0 für die Berechnung von Aluminiumtragwerken nach DIN EN 1999‐1‐1 nach Theorie II. Ordnung
Authors: Saal Helmut , Misiek Thomas , Höglund Torsten 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFür den Tragfähigkeitsnachweis nach Theorie II. Ordnung wird der Stich e0 der Vorkrümmungen der Einzelstäbe benötigt. In dem Nationalen Anhang DIN EN 1999‐1‐1/NA/A1 wird als NDP zu 5.3.2(3) beschrieben, wie dieser ermittelt werden darf. Es werden die Gleichungen für die auf die Stablänge L bezogene Vorkrümmung e0/L für sechs verschiede Querschnittsformen, die ein breites Spektrum abdecken, für lineare Interaktionsbeziehungen sowie für nichtlineare Interaktionsbeziehungen hergeleitet. Die hergeleiteten Gleichungen stellen e0/L als Funktion von Faktoren dar, von denen der erste den Querschnitt, der zweite die Streckgrenze fo und der dritte die bezogene Schlankheit, Knickklasse und Interaktionsbeziehung erfasst. Die numerische Auswertung dieser Gleichungen ergibt ungünstigste Grenzwerte von e0/L, die aber angesichts des großen Spektrums der Parameter im Allgemeinen so weit auf der sicheren Seite liegen, dass die Anwendung der zugrunde liegenden Gleichungen empfohlen wird. Für Stäbe mit über den Querschnitt infolge WEZ veränderlicher Streckgrenze fo werden die Berechnungsmöglichkeiten am Beispiel eines dünnwandigen Kreisrohres dargestellt.Determination of initial bow imperfections e0 for second‐order analysis of aluminum structures according to EN 1999‐1‐1. The initial bow imperfection e0 is required if structures are designed with the internal forces and moments from second‐order analysis. The National Annex DIN EN 1999‐1‐1/NA/A1 as a NDP to 5.3.2(3) of DIN EN 1999‐1‐1 describes how e0 may be calculated. Based on this, formulae are derived for calculating the relative initial bow imperfections e0/L for six very different types of cross sections which cover a very wide range. Linear as well as nonlinear M‐N‐interaction relations are used depending on the type of cross section. These formulae describe e0/L as product of functions of which the first depends on the cross section, the second on the proof strength fo and the third on relative slenderness, buckling class and interaction relation. The numerical evaluation of these formulae gives conservative limit values for e0/L. However, due to the wide range of the parameters these values will in general be that far on the safe side that the application of the formula with the relevant parameters is recommended. For members where fo due to the HAZ is variable over the cross section a linear and alternatively a nonlinear interaction relation may be used as safe approximation. This is demonstrated with a thin‐walled circular tube.
D‐Peptides as Recognition Molecules and Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Liu Min , Li Xue , Xie Zuoxu , Xie Cao , Zhan Changyou , Hu Xuefeng , Shen Qing , Wei Xiaoli , Su Bingxia , Wang Jing , Lu Weiyue 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOver recent years, D‐peptides have attracted increasing attention. D‐peptides increase enzymatic stability, prolong the plasma half‐life, improve oral bioavailability, and enhance binding activity and specificity with receptor or target proteins, in comparison with the corresponding L‐peptide. Therefore, D‐peptides are considered to have potential as recognition molecules and therapeutic agents. This review focuses on the design and application of D‐peptides with biological activity.
Enantioselective Vinylogous Organocascade Reactions
Authors: Hepburn Hamish B. , Dell'Amico Luca , Melchiorre Paolo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCascade reactions are powerful tools for rapidly assembling complex molecular architectures from readily available starting materials in a single synthetic operation. Their marriage with asymmetric organocatalysis has led to the development of novel techniques, which are now recognized as reliable strategies for the one‐pot enantioselective synthesis of stereochemically dense molecules. In recent years, even more complex synthetic challenges have been addressed by applying the principle of vinylogy to the realm of organocascade catalysis. The key to the success of vinylogous organocascade reactions is the unique ability of the chiral organocatalyst to transfer reactivity to a distal position without losing control on the stereo‐determining events. This approach has greatly expanded the synthetic horizons of the field by providing the possibility of forging multiple stereocenters in remote positions from the catalyst's point of action with high selectivity, while simultaneously constructing multiple new bonds. This article critically describes the developments achieved in the field of enantioselective vinylogous organocascade reactions, charting the ideas, the conceptual advances, and the milestone reactions that have been essential for reaching highly practical levels of synthetic efficiency.
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Utility of Japanese oriental medicine for the alternative target in the treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: 2014 recommendations update
Authors: Kogure Toshiaki , Harada Naoyuki , Yamamoto Kanoko , Tatsumi Takeshi , Kasahara Yuji 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAimThe therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has markedly changed over the past 10 years. The aim of this study was to describe the position of Japanese oriental (kampo) medicine (JOM) in the therapeutic strategy for RA, termed ‘treat to target’ by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR).MethodsFirst we describe the 2014 ACR/EULAR recommendations update, then we consider the utility of JOM in the RA treatment algorithm, based on previous studies.ResultsThere are two routes for treating RA in the updated 2014 algorithm: one is the main target and the other is the alternative target. JOM is often associated with the alternative target. Cases of representative RA patients (elderly RA patient with infectious disease and an RA patient with rectal cancer) are used as treatment examples. It may be difficult to clinically apply JOM to the main target, because it takes time for JOM to take effect.ConclusionTrends in the therapeutic strategy for RA, and the clinical application of JOM are demonstrated. Furthermore, standardization of the traditional diagnostic system to enable use of JOM for the main target in the treatment algorithm is discussed.
Insights into cardiac alterations after pre‐eclampsia: an echocardiographic study
Authors: Orabona R. , Vizzardi E. , Sciatti E. , Bonadei I. , Valcamonico A. , Metra M. , Frusca T. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate cardiovascular (CV) performance status several years after early‐onset (EO) or late‐onset (LO) pre‐eclampsia (PE), using echocardiography to assess myocardial strain and left ventricular (LV) torsional mechanics and ventricular–arterial coupling (VAC).MethodsThirty non‐pregnant women with a previous singleton pregnancy complicated by EO‐PE, 30 who had experienced LO‐PE and 30 controls underwent echocardiography with two‐dimensional (2D) speckle tracking between 6 months and 4 years after delivery and their findings were compared. All women were free from CV risk factors. VAC was defined as the ratio between aortic elastance (Ea) and LV end‐systolic elastance (Ees).ResultsWomen in the EO‐PE group showed a persistent subclinical impairment in LV systole and a slight alteration in right ventricular function, with reductions in LV 2D strain (circumferential, radial and longitudinal) and right ventricular 2D strain and impairment of LV torsional mechanics, when compared both with women in the LO‐PE group and with healthy controls. Although VAC was within the normal range in the whole study cohort, its individual components Ea and Ees were significantly altered more often in the EO‐PE group than in both the LO‐PE group and controls. All parameters investigated (except right ventricular 2D strain) were associated independently with gestational age at the time of diagnosis of PE.ConclusionsWomen with a history of EO‐PE are more likely to have subclinical impairment of systolic biventricular function than are those with a history of LO‐PE and controls. The components of VAC (Ea and Ees) show subclinical alterations which are more significant in women with a history of EO‐PE than in those with a history of LO‐PE and controls, although VAC itself is maintained. Our study supports the use of closer CV monitoring in previously pre‐eclamptic women, particularly those in whom PE was preterm. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Total pregnancy loss after chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis: a cohort study
Authors: Bakker M. , Birnie E. , Robles de Medina P. , Sollie K. M. , Pajkrt E. , Bilardo C. M. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo identify maternal‐, operator‐ and procedure‐related variables that affect procedure‐related pregnancy loss after transcervical (TC) and transabdominal (TA) chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis and to estimate the rates of spontaneous and procedure‐related loss in comparable subgroups of women.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study conducted at the University Medical Center Groningen and the Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands. Databases of both centers were searched to identify singleton pregnancies that had undergone a combined test and/or anomaly scan at around 20 weeks' gestation, or an invasive procedure (CVS and/or amniocentesis) between January 2001 and December 2011. Maternal characteristics, obstetric history, technical aspects of the invasive procedure, ultrasound examinations and fetal and neonatal outcomes were available for 29 201 cases. Women were categorized, according to the type of examination they had received, into the following five groups: first‐trimester combined test (and 20‐week anomaly scan); 20‐week anomaly scan only; CVS; amniocentesis; amniocentesis after unsuccessful CVS. Rates of fetal loss were compared between groups.ResultsVariables significantly associated with a higher rate of fetal loss were, for CVS, repeat attempts during the procedure, use of TC cannula instead of biopsy forceps, gestational age at procedure ≥ 13 weeks and a pregnancy after assisted reproductive techniques, and, for amniocentesis, if indication was fetal anomaly or family history of anomalies and repeat attempts during the procedure. In women aged ≥ 36 years who did not undergo an invasive procedure, spontaneous fetal loss rate (FLR) after first‐trimester combined test was 1.40%, whereas after CVS, FLR was 2.76% and 2.43% for a TC and TA approach, respectively. The additional risk of fetal loss with TC‐CVS was therefore 1.36% (1 : 74), which varied according to the instrument used (0.27% for forceps and 3.12% for cannula), and with TA‐CVS was 1.03% (1 : 97). In women aged ≥ 36 years who underwent a 20‐week anomaly scan only, spontaneous FLR was 0.63%. In women who underwent amniocentesis solely because of advanced maternal age, FLR was 1.11%. The additional risk of fetal loss with amniocentesis was 0.48% (1 : 208).ConclusionThe total rate of procedure‐related fetal loss after TA‐ and TC‐CVS and amniocentesis appears lower than the risks on which women are currently counseled. There was a trend for a decrease in risk when the level of experience of the operator increased. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Climate change as a ‘hyperobject’: a critical review of Timothy Morton's reframing narrative
Authors: Boulton Elizabeth 
Published: June 2016

Climate policy, climate communication and cognitive science researches have identified that better ways of conveying the climate change story are needed; specifically, a new frame or narrative is required. There are also increasing calls for the arts and humanities to play a greater role in the ‘meaning‐making’ task around climate change. Philosopher and literary theorist Timothy Morton has created a new approach, one which frames global warming as a ‘hyperobject’. Morton's work demonstrates the value of artistic and philosophical approaches in helping people perceive climate change, as well as understand how it may feel. It opens up a potentially crucial discussion about ontology (the study of ‘Being’ and existence) illuminating the difficult emotional and conceptual territory humans must cross. His work is intended to awaken people abruptly but debate exists as to whether Morton's approach is too harsh and disempowering, or whether it is the spur required for humans to adjust cognitively and emotionally to a new climate reality. Morton's frame vividly captures human vulnerability, but his association of vulnerability with shame and humiliation is concerning. Morton's narrative style, brilliantly evocative at times, is at others contentiously obscure. While this engenders what may be a necessary experience of dislocation, it also risks rendering his more valuable ideas impenetrable to many readers. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:772–785. doi: 10.1002/wcc.410This article is categorized under:

Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Humanities and the Creative Arts
An underwater acoustic communication scheme exploiting biological sounds
Authors: ElMoslimany Ahmad , Zhou Meng , Duman Tolga M. , Papandreou‐Suppappola Antonia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnderwater acoustic (UWA) communications have attracted a lot of interest in recent years motivated by a wide range of applications including offshore oil field exploration and monitoring, oceanographic data collection, environmental monitoring, disaster prevention, and port security. Different signaling solutions have been developed to date including non‐coherent communications, phase coherent systems, multi‐input and multi‐output solutions, time‐reversal‐based communication systems, and multi‐carrier transmission approaches. This paper deviates from the traditional approaches to UWA communications and develops a scheme that exploits biomimetic signals. In the proposed scheme, a transmitter maps the information bits to the parameters of a biomimetic signal, which is transmitted over the channel. The receiver estimates the parameters of the received signal and demaps them back to bits to estimate the message. As exemplary biomimetic signals, analytical signal models with nonlinear instantaneous frequency are developed that match mammal sound signatures in the time‐frequency plane are developed. Suitable receiver structures as well as performance analysis are provided for the proposed transmission scheme, and some results using data recorded during the Kauai Acomms MURI 2011 UWA communications experiment are presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unified routing protocol based on passive bandwidth measurement in heterogeneous WMNs
Authors: Li Zhimin , Wang Hai , Dong Chao , Wu Fan , Yu Weibo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe past few years have witnessed a surge of wireless mesh networks (WMNs)‐based applications and heterogeneous WMNs are taking advantage of multiple radio interfaces to improve network performance. Although many routing protocols have been proposed for heterogeneous WMNs, most of them mainly relied on hierarchical or cluster techniques, which result in high routing overhead and performance degradation due to low utilization of wireless links. This is because only gateway nodes are aware of all the network resources. In contrast, a unified routing protocol (e.g., optimal link state routing (OLSR)), which treats the nodes and links equally, can avoid the performance bottleneck incurred by gateway nodes. However, OLSR has to pay the price for unification, that is, OLSR introduces a great amount of routing overhead for broadcasting routing message on every interface. In this paper, we propose unified routing protocol (URP), which is based on passive bandwidth measurement for heterogeneous WMNs. Firstly, we use the available bandwidth as a metric of the unification and propose a low‐cost passive available bandwidth estimation method to calculate expected transmission time that can capture the dynamics of wireless link more accurately. Secondly, based on the estimated available bandwidth, we propose a multipoint relays selection algorithm to achieve higher transmission ability and to help accelerate the routing message diffusion. Finally, instead of broadcasting routing message on all channels, nodes running URP transmit routing message on a set of selected high bandwidth channels. Results from extensive simulations show that URP helps improve the network throughput and to reduce the routing overhead compared with OLSR and hierarchical routing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematical models of breast and ovarian cancers
Authors: Botesteanu Dana‐Adriana , Lipkowitz Stanley , Lee Jung‐Min , Levy Doron 
Published: June 2016

Women constitute the majority of the aging United States (US) population, and this has substantial implications on cancer population patterns and management practices. Breast cancer is the most common women's malignancy, while ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecological malignancy in the US. In this review, we focus on these subsets of women's cancers, seen more commonly in postmenopausal and elderly women. In order to systematically investigate the complexity of cancer progression and response to treatment in breast and ovarian malignancies, we assert that integrated mathematical modeling frameworks viewed from a systems biology perspective are needed. Such integrated frameworks could offer innovative contributions to the clinical women's cancers community, as answers to clinical questions cannot always be reached with contemporary clinical and experimental tools. Here, we recapitulate clinically known data regarding the progression and treatment of the breast and ovarian cancers. We compare and contrast the two malignancies whenever possible in order to emphasize areas where substantial contributions could be made by clinically inspired and validated mathematical modeling. We show how current paradigms in the mathematical oncology community focusing on the two malignancies do not make comprehensive use of, nor substantially reflect existing clinical data, and we highlight the modeling areas in most critical need of clinical data integration. We emphasize that the primary goal of any mathematical study of women's cancers should be to address clinically relevant questions. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:337–362. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1343This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Analytical Methods
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
Surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Laca L'. , Dedinská I. , Palkoci B. , Miklušica J. , Janík J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Background:
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) is the second most frequently developed primary carcinoma of liver, after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). They are biologically aggressive and they are frequently discovered in late study. Surgical removal is the only curative therapeutic method for treatment of such tumors.

Patients and methods:
From 1.1.2004 to 31.12.2014, at the Department of Surgery, University Hospital Martin and Jessenius Medical Faculty of Comenius University in Martin, we operated 411 patients with benign, primary, metastatic tumors of liver, where in 33 patients (8%) the histology confirmed the primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma of liver. In the group, we evaluated the 1-year and 5-year survival of the patients according to radical resections, the degree of differentiation of tumor (grading), and according to positivity of lymph node. The results were statistically analyzed by the Student t-test and Kaplan–Meier curves of survival.

Results:
The average age of the patients was 59.6 ± 11.4 years, the males represented 46.2%, the females represented 53.8%. The average age of males was 58 ± 13.2, and females 61 ± 9.8 years. Large anatomic resections of 3 and more segments of liver were performed in 24 patients, anatomic resections and metastasectomies were performed in 6 patients, two patients had radiofrequency ablation of tumor. R0 resection was achieved in 20 patients, R1 resection in 8 patients, and R2 resection in 5 patients. One-year survival in the R0 group was 65%, in the R1 group 62%, and in the R2 resections group it was only 20%; five-year survival after R0 resections was 52%, and in R1 and R2 it was zero, which proved to be statistically significant. The median of survival in R0 resections was 12 months (interval 1–87 months), in R1 resections it was 12 months (interval 1–36 months), and after R2 resections it was 7 months (interval 1–12 months). One-year and five-year survival, depending on the degree of differentiation, was statistically non-significant; however, the five-year survival of G1 tumors is on the level of being statistically significant – the 5-year survival expressed in percentage G1/G2/G3 was 50%/12%/0% respectively. Positive lymph nodes were found in 16 patients (48%) from the group of 33 patients. The one-year and five-year survival was not statistically significant; however, 5 years of survival was recorded in 30% patients with negative lymph node and 0% patients with positivity of lymph node.

Conclusion:
Resection of tumor is the optional method; it should be attempted to achieve R0 resection and at the same time to preserve sufficient volume of residual functional parenchyma. Radical R0 resection is considered by us as the only possible method of surgical treatment for survival of patients with IHCC.

Highlights
Dynamic analysis and controller design for a slider–crank mechanism with piezoelectric actuators
Authors: Akbari Samin , Fallahi Fatemeh , Pirbodaghi Tohid 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Dynamic behaviour of a slider–crank mechanism associated with a smart flexible connecting rod is investigated. Effect of various mechanisms' parameters including crank length, flexibility of the connecting rod and the slider's mass on the dynamic behaviour is studied. Two control schemes are proposed for elastodynamic vibration suppression of the flexible connecting rod and also obtaining a constant angular velocity for the crank. The first scheme is based on feedback linearization approach and the second one is based on a sliding mode controller. The input signals are applied by an electric motor located at the crank ground joint, and two layers of piezoelectric film bonded to the top and bottom surfaces of the connecting rod. Both of the controllers successfully suppress the vibrations of the elastic linkage.
Highlights Dynamic behaviour of a slider–crank mechanism associated with a smart flexible connecting rod is investigated. Effect of various mechanisms' parameters including crank length, flexibility of the connecting rod and the slider's mass on the dynamic behaviour is studied. Two control schemes are proposed for elastodynamic vibration suppression of the flexible connecting rod and also obtaining a constant angular velocity for the crank. Controllers are based on feedback linearization approach and sliding mode controller.