bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PFR peptide, one of the antimicrobial peptides identified from the derivatives of lactoferrin, induces necrosis in leukemia cells
Authors: Lu Yan , Zhang Teng-Fei , Shi Yue , Zhou Han-Wei , Chen Qi , Wei Bu-Yun , Wang Xi , Yang Tian-Xin , Chinn Y. Eugene , Kang Jian , Fu Cai-Yun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLF11-322 (PFWRIRIRR-NH2) (PFR peptide), a nine amino acid-residue peptide fragment derived from human lactoferricin, possesses potent cytotoxicity against bacteria. We report here the discovery and characterization of its antitumor activity in leukemia cells. PFR peptide inhibited the proliferation of MEL and HL-60 leukemia cells by inducing cell death in the absence of the classical features of apoptosis, including chromatin condensation, Annexin V staining, Caspase activation and increase of abundance of pro-apoptotic proteins. Instead, necrotic cell death as evidenced by increasing intracellular PI staining and LDH release, inducing membrane disruption and up-regulating intracellular calcium level, was observed following PFR peptide treatment. In addition to necrotic cell death, PFR peptide also induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, PFR peptide exhibited favorable antitumor activity and tolerability in vivo. These findings thus provide a new clue of antimicrobial peptides as a potential novel therapy for leukemia.
Impact of different cell penetrating peptides on the efficacy of antisense therapeutics for targeting intracellular pathogens
Authors: Abushahba Mostafa F. N. , Mohammad Haroon , Thangamani Shankar , Hussein Asmaa A. A. , Seleem Mohamed N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThere is a pressing need for novel and innovative therapeutic strategies to address infections caused by intracellular pathogens. Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) present a novel method to target intracellular pathogens due to their unique mechanism of action and their ability to be conjugated to cell penetrating peptides (CPP) to overcome challenging delivery barriers. In this study, we targeted the RNA polymerase α subunit (rpoA) using a PNA that was covalently conjugated to five different CPPs. Changing the conjugated CPP resulted in a pronounced improvement in the antibacterial activity observed against Listeria monocytogenes in vitro, in cell culture and in a Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) infection model. Additionally, a time-kill assay revealed three conjugated CPPs rapidly kill Listeria within 20 minutes without disrupting the bacterial cell membrane. Moreover, rpoA gene silencing resulted in suppression of its message as well as reduced expression of other critical virulence genes (Listeriolysin O and two phospholipases plcA and plcB) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, PNA-inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis was selective and did not adversely affect mitochondrial protein synthesis. This study provides a foundation for improving and developing PNAs conjugated to CPPs to better target intracellular pathogens.
Differential Expression of Genes and DNA Methylation associated with Prenatal Protein Undernutrition by Albumen Removal in an avian model
Authors: Willems Els , Guerrero-Bosagna Carlos , Decuypere Eddy , Janssens Steven , Buyse Johan , Buys Nadine , Jensen Per , Everaert Nadia 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPreviously, long-term effects on body weight and reproductive performance have been demonstrated in the chicken model of prenatal protein undernutrition by albumen removal. Introduction of such persistent alterations in phenotype suggests stable changes in gene expression. Therefore, a genome-wide screening of the hepatic transcriptome by RNA-Seq was performed in adult hens. The albumen-deprived hens were created by partial removal of the albumen from eggs and replacement with saline early during embryonic development. Results were compared to sham-manipulated hens and non-manipulated hens. Grouping of the differentially expressed (DE) genes according to biological functions revealed the involvement of processes such as ‘embryonic and organismal development’ and ‘reproductive system development and function’. Molecular pathways that were altered were ‘amino acid metabolism’, ‘carbohydrate metabolism’ and ‘protein synthesis’. Three key central genes interacting with many DE genes were identified: UBC, NR3C1, and ELAVL1. The DNA methylation of 9 DE genes and 3 key central genes was examined by MeDIP-qPCR. The DNA methylation of a fragment (UBC_3) of the UBC gene was increased in the albumen-deprived hens compared to the non-manipulated hens. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that prenatal protein undernutrition by albumen removal leads to long-term alterations of the hepatic transcriptome in the chicken.
Onset and duration of transitions into Greenland Interstadials 15.2 and 14 in northern China constrained by an annually laminated stalagmite
Authors: Duan Wuhui , Cheng Hai , Tan Ming , Edwards R. Lawrence 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe onset and duration of abrupt transitions into Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events can be studied in detail in Greenland ice cores given the excellent relative uncertainty of its lamina-counting chronology. For other geological archives, however, the shorter intervals are not determined accurately due to lack of clear annual lamina. Here, we present an oxygen isotope record of a stalagmite with well-developed annual lamina from Xinglong Cave, northern China, covering DO 15 and 14. Except for the absence of Greenland Interstadial (GIS) 15.1, the pattern of this record strongly resembles that of Greenland ice cores on millennial scales as well as the detailed centennial-scale cooling excursions within GIS 14. Additionally, the transitions into GIS 15.2 and 14, constrained by lamina counting, lasted 74 and 27 yr, respectively, both of which are in excellent agreement with that of the NGRIP record on the GICC05 timescales (100 ± 6 and 20 ± 1 yr, respectively). The close coupling of abrupt climatic oscillations on millennial to decadal scales between Greenland and northern China implies a rapid atmospheric teleconnection between the North Atlantic and the East Asian Summer Monsoon regions, probably via the westerlies.
The agar diffusion scratch assay - A novel method to assess the bioactive and cytotoxic potential of new materials and compounds
Authors: Pusnik Mascha , Imeri Minire , Deppierraz Grégoire , Bruinink Arie , Zinn Manfred 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA profound in vitro evaluation not only of the cytotoxic but also of bioactive potential of a given compound or material is crucial for predicting potential effects in the in vivo situation. However, most of the current methods have weaknesses in either the quantitative or qualitative assessment of cytotoxicity and/or bioactivity of the test compound. Here we describe a novel assay combining the ISO 10993-5 agar diffusion test and the scratch also termed wound healing assay. In contrast to these original tests this assay is able to detect and distinguish between cytotoxic, cell migration modifying and cytotoxic plus cell migration modifying compounds and this at higher sensitivity and in a quantitative way.
Carrier density independent scattering rate in SrTiO3-based electron liquids
Authors: Mikheev Evgeny , Raghavan Santosh , Zhang Jack Y. , Marshall Patrick B. , Kajdos Adam P. , Balents Leon , Stemmer Susanne 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe examine the carrier density dependence of the scattering rate in two- and three-dimensional electron liquids in SrTiO3 in the regime where it scales with Tn (T is the temperature and n ≤ 2) in the cases when it is varied by electrostatic control and chemical doping, respectively. It is shown that the scattering rate is independent of the carrier density. This is contrary to the expectations from Landau Fermi liquid theory, where the scattering rate scales inversely with the Fermi energy (EF). We discuss that the behavior is very similar to systems traditionally identified as non-Fermi liquids (n < 2). This includes the cuprates and other transition metal oxide perovskites, where strikingly similar density-independent scattering rates have been observed. The results indicate that the applicability of Fermi liquid theory should be questioned for a much broader range of correlated materials and point to the need for a unified theory.
Thickness scaling of atomic-layer-deposited HfO2 films and their application to wafer-scale graphene tunnelling transistors
Authors: Jeong Seong-Jun , Gu Yeahyun , Heo Jinseong , Yang Jaehyun , Lee Chang-Seok , Lee Min-Hyun , Lee Yunseong , Kim Hyoungsub , Park Seongjun , Hwang Sungwoo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe downscaling of the capacitance equivalent oxide thickness (CET) of a gate dielectric film with a high dielectric constant, such as atomic layer deposited (ALD) HfO2, is a fundamental challenge in achieving high-performance graphene-based transistors with a low gate leakage current. Here, we assess the application of various surface modification methods on monolayer graphene sheets grown by chemical vapour deposition to obtain a uniform and pinhole-free ALD HfO2 film with a substantially small CET at a wafer scale. The effects of various surface modifications, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone treatment and introduction of sputtered ZnO and e-beam-evaporated Hf seed layers on monolayer graphene, and the subsequent HfO2 film formation under identical ALD process parameters were systematically evaluated. The nucleation layer provided by the Hf seed layer (which transforms to the HfO2 layer during ALD) resulted in the uniform and conformal deposition of the HfO2 film without damaging the graphene, which is suitable for downscaling the CET. After verifying the feasibility of scaling down the HfO2 thickness to achieve a CET of ~1.5 nm from an array of top-gated metal-oxide-graphene field-effect transistors, we fabricated graphene heterojunction tunnelling transistors with a record-low subthreshold swing value of <60 mV/dec on an 8″ glass wafer.
MiR218 Modulates Wnt Signaling in Mouse Cardiac Stem Cells
by Promoting Proliferation and Inhibiting Differentiation through a Positive Feedback
Loop
Authors: Wang Yongshun , Liu Jingjin , Cui Jinjin , Sun Meng , Du Wenjuan , Chen Tao , Ming Xing , Zhang Lulu , Tian Jiangtian , Li Ji , Yin Li , Liu Fang , Pu Zhongyue , Lv Bo , Hou Jingbo , Yu Bo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMiRNA expression was determined in both proliferating and differentiated cardiac
stem cells (CSCs) through a comprehensive miRNA microarray analysis. We selected
miR218 for functional follow-up studies to examine its significance in CSCs. First,
we observed that the expression of miR218 was altered in CSCs during differentiation
into cardiomyocytes and transfection of an miR218 mimic or miR218 inhibitor affected
the myocardial differentiation of CSCs. Furthermore, we observed that a negative
regulator of Wnt signaling, sFRP2, was a direct target of miR218 and the protein
levels of sFRP2 were increased in cells transfected with the synthetic miR218
inhibitor. In contrast, transfection with the miR218 mimic decreased the expression
of sFRP2 and potentiated Wnt signaling. The subsequent down-regulation of sFRP2 by
shRNA potentiated Wnt signaling, contributing to a gene expression program that is
important for CSC proliferation and cardiac differentiation. Specifically, canonical
Wnt signaling induced miR218 transcription. Thus, miR218 and Wnt signaling were
coupled through a feed-forward positive feedback loop, forming a biological
regulatory circuit. Together, these results provide the first evidence that miR218
plays an important role in CSC proliferation and differentiation through the
canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
Upper Critical Field and Kondo Effects in Fe(Te0.9Se0.1) Thin Films by Pulsed Field Measurements
Authors: Salamon Myron B. , Cornell Nicholas , Jaime Marcelo , Balakirev Fedor F. , Zakhidov Anvar , Huang Jijie , Wang Haiyan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe transition temperatures of epitaxial films of Fe(Te0:9Se0:1) are remarkably insensitive to applied magnetic field, leading to predictions of upper critical fields Bc2(T = 0) in excess of 100 T. Using pulsed magnetic fields, we find Bc2(0) to be on the order of 45 T, similar to values in bulk material and still in excess of the paramagnetic limit. The same films show strong magnetoresistance in fields above Bc2(T), consistent with the observed Kondo minimum seen above Tc. Fits to the temperature dependence in the context of the WHH model, using the experimental value of the Maki parameter, require an effective spin-orbit relaxation parameter of order unity. We suggest that Kondo localization plays a similar role to spin-orbit pair breaking in making WHH fits to the data.
An Efficient LCM-Based Method for Tissue Specific Expression Analysis of Genes and miRNAs
Authors: Gautam Vibhav , Singh Archita , Singh Sharmila , Sarkar Ananda K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLaser Capture Microdissection (LCM) is a powerful tool to isolate and study gene expression pattern of desired and less accessible cells or tissues from a heterogeneous population. Existing LCM-based methods fail to obtain high quality RNA including small RNAs from small microdissected plant tissue and therefore, are not suitable for miRNA expression studies. Here, we describe an efficient and cost-effective method to obtain both high quality RNA and miRNAs from LCM-derived embryonic root apical meristematic tissue, which is difficult to access. We have significantly modified and improved the tissue fixation, processing, sectioning and RNA isolation steps and minimized the use of kits. Isolated RNA was checked for quality with bioanalyzer and used for gene expression studies. We have confirmed the presence of 19-24 nucleotide long mature miRNAs using modified stem-loop RT-PCR. This modified LCM-based method is suitable for tissue specific expression analysis of both genes and small RNAs (miRNAs).
Probing the spectral density of the surface electromagnetic fields through scattering of waveguide photons
Authors: Chen Guang-Yin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe spectral density of the metal-surface electromagnetic fields will be strongly modified in the presence of a closely-spaced quantum emitter. In this work, we propose a feasible way to probe the changes of the spectral density through the scattering of the waveguide photon incident on the quantum emitter. The variances of the lineshape in the transmission spectra indicate the coherent interaction between the emitter and the pseudomode resulting from all the surface electromagnetic modes. We further investigate the quantum coherence between the emitter and the pseudomode of the metal-dielectric interface.
T cell-intrinsic S1PR1 regulates endogenous effector T-cell egress dynamics from lymph nodes during infection
Authors: Benechet Alexandre P. , Menon Manisha , Xu Daqi , Samji Tasleem , Maher Leigh , Murooka Thomas T. , Mempel Thorsten R. , Sheridan Brian S. , Lemoine Francois M. , Khanna Kamal M. 
Published: February 2016

Significance
The control of a microbial infection by effector T cells is intrinsically linked to their migration. However, little is known about the mechanisms that control effector T-cell egress after infection. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) is a G-coupled protein receptor that plays an important role in naive T-cell egress from lymph nodes. However, less is known about its role in regulating effector T-cell trafficking during infection. Here, we used an inducible mouse model with temporally disrupted S1PR1 signaling exclusively in endogenous effector CD8 T cells to demonstrate that, after infection, even in the absence of retention signals such as CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), intrinsic S1PR1 signaling is the overriding factor that regulates effector T-cell egress kinetics from the draining lymph node.
Anoctamin 2 identified as an autoimmune target in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ayoglu Burcu , Mitsios Nicholas , Kockum Ingrid , Khademi Mohsen , Zandian Arash , Sjöberg Ronald , Forsström Björn , Bredenberg Johan , Lima Bomfim Izaura , Holmgren Erik , Grönlund Hans , Guerreiro-Cacais André Ortlieb , Abdelmagid Nada , Uhlén Mathias , Waterboer Tim , Alfredsson Lars , Mulder Jan , Schwenk Jochen M. , Olsson Tomas , Nilsson Peter 
Published: February 2016

Significance
Despite the growing evidence that autoantibodies are team players in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), the target autoantigens are yet to be identified. In this work, we mined the autoantibody repertoire within MS by screening more than 2,000 plasma samples from patients with MS and controls and identified increased autoantibody reactivity against an ion-channel protein called “anoctamin 2” (ANO2). This finding points toward an ANO2 autoimmune sub-phenotype in MS and might contribute to the development of clinical algorithms to characterize a subgroup of MS patients.
Circadian control of oscillations in mitochondrial rate-limiting enzymes and nutrient utilization by PERIOD proteins
Authors: Neufeld-Cohen Adi , Robles Maria S. , Aviram Rona , Manella Gal , Adamovich Yaarit , Ladeuix Benjamin , Nir Dana , Rousso-Noori Liat , Kuperman Yael , Golik Marina , Mann Matthias , Asher Gad 
Published: February 2016

Significance
Mitochondria are major cellular energy suppliers and have to cope with changes in nutrient supply and energy demand that naturally occur throughout the day. We obtained the first, to our knowledge, comprehensive mitochondrial proteome around the clock and identified extensive oscillations in mitochondrial protein abundance that predominantly peak during the early light phase. Remarkably, several rate-limiting mitochondrial enzymes that process different nutrients accumulate in a diurnal manner and are dependent on the clock proteins PER1/2. Concurrently, we uncovered daily oscillations in mitochondrial respiration that are substrate-specific and peak during different times of the day. We propose that the circadian clock PERIOD proteins regulate the diurnal utilization of different nutrients by the mitochondria and thus, optimize mitochondrial function to daily changes in energy supply/demand.
Antigen clasping by two antigen-binding sites of an exceptionally specific antibody for histone methylation
Authors: Hattori Takamitsu , Lai Darson , Dementieva Irina S. , Montaño Sherwin P. , Kurosawa Kohei , Zheng Yupeng , Akin Louesa R. , Świst-Rosowska Kalina M. , Grzybowski Adrian T. , Koide Akiko , Krajewski Krzysztof , Strahl Brian D. , Kelleher Neil L. , Ruthenburg Alexander J. , Koide Shohei 
Published: February 2016

Significance
Extensive studies of the structure–function relationship of antibodies have established that conventional immunoglobulins contain two copies of the antigen-binding fragment (Fab), each of which serves as an autonomous and complete unit for recognizing an antigen. In this paper, we report a previously unidentified mode of antibody–antigen recognition, dubbed “antigen clasping,” where two antigen-binding sites cooperatively clasp one antigen, and the design of a long-neck antibody format that facilitates antigen clasping. Antigen clasping led to recombinant antibodies for histone posttranslational modifications with extraordinarily high specificity, valuable tools for epigenetic research. This study substantially broadens the long-standing paradigm for antibody–antigen recognition.
Assessment of Provider Attitudes toward #Naloxone on Twitter
Authors: Haug Nancy A. , Bielenberg Jennifer , Linder Steven H. , Lembke Anna 
Published: February 2016

Background As opioid overdose rates continue to pose a major public health crisis, the need for naloxone treatment by emergency first responders is critical. Little is known about the views of those who administer naloxone. The current study examines attitudes of health professionals on the social media platform Twitter to better understand their perceptions of opioid users, the role of naloxone, and potential training needs. Methods Public comments on Twitter regarding naloxone were collected for a period of 3 consecutive months. The occupations of individuals who posted tweets were identified through Twitter profiles or hashtags. Categories of emergency service first responders and medical personnel were created. Qualitative analysis using a grounded theory approach was used to produce thematic content. The relationships between occupation and each theme were analyzed using Pearson chi-square statistics and post hoc analyses. Results A total of 368 individuals posted 467 naloxone-related tweets. Occupations consisted of professional first responders such as emergency medical technicians (EMTs), firefighters, and paramedics ( n = 122); law enforcement officers ( n = 70); nurses ( n = 62); physicians ( n = 48); other health professionals including pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, counselors, and social workers ( n = 31); naloxone-trained individuals ( n = 12); and students ( n = 23). Primary themes included burnout, education and training, information seeking, news updates, optimism, policy and economics, stigma, and treatment. The highest levels of burnout, fatigue, and stigma regarding naloxone and opioid overdose were among nurses, EMTs, other health care providers, and physicians. In contrast, individuals who self-identified as “naloxone-trained” had the highest optimism and the lowest amount of burnout and stigma. Conclusions Provider training and refinement of naloxone administration procedures are needed to improve treatment outcomes and reduce provider stigma. Social networking sites such as Twitter may have potential for offering psychoeducation to health care providers.
Quotient stacks and equivariant étale cohomology algebras: Quillen’s theory revisited
Authors: Illusie Luc , Zheng Weizhe 
Published: February 2016

Let

k
k

be an algebraically closed field. Let

Λ
\Lambda

be a noetherian commutative ring annihilated by an integer invertible in

k
k

and let

ℓ
\ell

be a prime number different from the characteristic of

k
k

. We prove that if

X
X

is a separated algebraic space of finite type over

k
k

endowed with an action of a

k
k

-algebraic group

G
G

, the equivariant étale cohomology algebra

H
∗

(
[
X

/

G
]
,
Λ
)

H^*([X/G],\Lambda )

, where

[
X

/

G
]

[X/G]

is the quotient stack of

X
X

by

G
G

, is finitely generated over

Λ
\Lambda

. Moreover, for coefficients

K
∈

D
c
+

(
[
X

/

G
]
,

F

ℓ

)

K \in D^+_c([X/G],\mathbb {F}_{\ell })

endowed with a commutative multiplicative structure, we establish a structure theorem for

H
∗

(
[
X

/

G
]
,
K
)

H^*([X/G],K)

, involving fixed points of elementary abelian

ℓ
\ell

-subgroups of

G
G

, which is similar to Quillen’s theorem in the case

K
=

F

ℓ

K = \mathbb {F}_{\ell }

. One key ingredient in our proof of the structure theorem is an analysis of specialization of points of the quotient stack. We also discuss variants and generalizations for certain Artin stacks.