bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of climate in human aggression and violence: Towards a broader conception
Authors: van der Linden Sander L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe psychological processes that predict aggressive behaviour are also typically associated with violent self-harm (e.g., poor self-control). Yet, although human violence (towards others) appears to increase with proximity to the equator, suicide rates tend to decrease. In the light of this empirical puzzle, I argue that Van Lange et al.'s CLASH model would benefit from a broader conceptualization of human aggression.
Laser second-harmonic generation from an overdense plasma slab
Authors: Kaur M. , Agarwal P. C. , Kaur S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA s-polarized short-pulse laser impinged obliquely on an overdense plasma slab is shown to produce very significant second harmonic in the direction of specular reflection and transmission. The laser induces a non-linear current on electrons, which is curl free. However, with sharp plasma boundary, it gives rise to electromagnetic radiation at the second harmonic. Our formalism includes multiple reflections of the incident and second-harmonic waves from both the front and rear surfaces. The present work includes finiteness of the slab. The normalized second-harmonic amplitude acquires a sharp peak at some specific angle of incidence for a particular set of parameters dependent on thickness of the slab and plasma density.
Work Dissatisfaction and Sleep Problems among Canadians in the Latter Half of Life
Authors: Brown Kyla , Bierman Alex 
Published: May 2017

RÉSUMÉCette étude a examiné la relation entre l’insatisfaction au travail et les troubles du sommeil parmi les adultes canadiens dans la seconde moitié de la vie, ainsi que la façon dont le genre et les contacts sociaux modèrent cette relation. Les données proviennent de l’Enquête sociale générale du Canada, cycle 21 (2007), qui a échantillonné les adultes âgés de 45 ans et plus en 2007. Les analyses ont porté sur les personnes dont l’activité principale était l’emploi. Les analyses montrent que l’insatisfaction au travail prédit positivement des troubles du sommeil. Il n’y a pas de différence significative entre les sexes dans cette relation. Le contact social avec les amis amortie cette relation, mais le contact social avec la famille ne le fait pas, et le tamponnement ne varie pas de manière significative entre les hommes et les femmes. Cette recherche contribue à la connaissance des troubles du sommeil en montrant que l’insatisfaction au travail est négativement associée aux troubles du sommeil chez les Canadiens dans la seconde moitié de la vie; cependant, le contact social avec les amis peut s’atténuer cette relation délétère.
Correspondence analysis to evaluate the transmission ofStaphylococcus aureusstrains in two New York State maximum-security prisons
Authors: BEFUS M. , MUKHERJEE D. V. , HERZIG C. T. A. , LOWY F. D. , LARSON E. 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYPrisons/jails are thought to amplify the transmission ofStaphylococcus aureus(SA) particularly methicillin-resistant SA infection and colonisation. Two independently pooled cross-sectional samples of detainees being admitted or discharged from two New York State maximum-security prisons were used to explore this concept. Private interviews of participants were conducted, during which the anterior nares and oropharynx were sampled and assessed for SA colonisation. Log-binomial regression and correspondence analysis (CA) were used to evaluate the prevalence of colonisation at entry as compared with discharge. Approximately 51% of admitted (N= 404) and 41% of discharged (N= 439) female detainees were colonised with SA. Among males, 59% of those admitted (N= 427) and 49% of those discharged (N= 393) were colonised. Females had a statistically significant higher prevalence (1·26:P= 0·003) whereas males showed no significant difference (1·06;P= 0·003) in SA prevalence between entry and discharge. CA demonstrated that some strains, such asspatypes t571 and t002, might have an affinity for certain mucosal sites. Contrary to our hypothesis, the prison setting did not amplify SA transmission, and CA proved to be a useful tool in describing the population structure of strains according to time and/or mucosal site.
Out of harm's way: Secure versus insecure–disorganized attachment predicts less adolescent risk taking related to childhood poverty
Authors: Delker Brianna C. , Bernstein Rosemary E. , Laurent Heidemarie K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlthough some risk taking in adolescence is normative, evidence suggests that adolescents raised in conditions of socioeconomic disadvantage are disproportionately burdened with risk taking and its negative consequences. Using longitudinal data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, we investigated quality of the early caregiving environment as a potential prospective buffer against the long-term association between childhood poverty and adolescent risk taking. Multicategorical moderation model results indicated that if raised in poverty across age 1–54 months (average family income to needs ratio ≤ 1.02), relative to affluence (income to needs ratio ≥ 6.16), adolescents with histories of secure attachment to caregivers exhibited two times the number of risk behaviors at age 15, whereas adolescents with insecure–disorganized histories exhibited nearly five times the number of risk behaviors. Both early family economic hardship and history of insecure–disorganized attachment remained significant predictors of increased adolescent risk taking, alongside the interactive effect. Probing the interaction's region of significance revealed that history of secure (vs. insecure–disorganized) attachment is associated with protective reductions in risk taking below a family income to needs ratio of 2.24, or about 220% poverty level. Findings support a diathesis–stress model in which children with secure attachment histories are less deleteriously impacted by early socioeconomic adversity than their insecure–disorganized peers.
Are Character Traits Dispositions?
Authors: Alvarez Maria 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe last three decades have seen much important work on powers and dispositions: what they are and how they are related to the phenomena that constitute their manifestation. These debates have tended to focus on ‘paradigmatic’ dispositions, i.e. physical dispositions such as conductivity, elasticity, radioactivity, etc. It is often assumed, implicitly or explicitly, that the conclusions of these debates concerning physical dispositions can be extended to psychological dispositions, such as beliefs, desires or character traits. In this paper I identify some central features of paradigmatic dispositions that concern their manifestation, stimulus conditions, and causal bases. I then focus on a specific kind of psychological disposition, namely character traits, and argue that they are importantly different from paradigmatic dispositions in relation to these features. I conclude that this difference should lead us to re-examine our assumption that character traits are dispositions and, by implication, whether we can generalize conclusions about physical dispositions to psychological dispositions, such as character traits and their manifestations.
Rational Planning Agency
Authors: Bratman Michael E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOur planning agency contributes to our lives in fundamental ways. Prior partial plans settle practical questions about the future. They thereby pose problems of means, filter solutions to those problems, and guide action. This plan-infused background frames our practical thinking in ways that cohere with our resource limits and help organize our lives, both over time and socially. And these forms of practical thinking involve guidance by norms of plan rationality, including norms of plan consistency, means-end coherence, and stability over time.But why are these norms of rationality? Would these norms be stable under a planning agent's reflection? I try to answer these questions in a way that responds to a skeptical challenge. While I highlight pragmatic reasons for being a planning agent, these need to be supplemented fully to explain the force of these norms in the particular case. I argue that the needed further rationale appeals to the idea that these norms track certain conditions of a planning agent's self-governance, both at a time and over time. With respect to diachronic plan rationality, this approach leads to a modest plan conservatism.
Two Libertarian Theories: or Why Event-causal Libertarians Should Prefer My Daring Libertarian View to Robert Kane's View
Authors: Mele Alfred R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLibertarianism about free will is the conjunction of two theses: the existence of free will is incompatible with the truth of determinism, and at least some human beings sometimes exercise free will (or act freely, for short).1 Some libertarian views feature agent causation, others maintain that free actions are uncaused, and yet others – event-causal libertarian views – reject all views of these two kinds and appeal to indeterministic causation by events and states.2 This article explores the relative merits of two different views of this third kind. One is Robert Kane's prominent view, and the other is the ‘daring libertarian’ view that I floated in Free Will and Luck.3 (I labeled the view ‘daring’ to distinguish it from a more modest libertarian view that I floated a decade earlier.)4 I say ‘floated’ because I am not a libertarian. I do not endorse incompatibilism; instead, I am agnostic about it. But if I were a libertarian, I would embrace my daring libertarian view (or DLV, for short). This article's thesis is that event-causal libertarians should prefer DLV to Kane's ‘dual or multiple efforts’ view.5
Agency and Practical Abilities
Authors: Small Will 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThough everyday life accords a great deal of significance to practical abilities – such as the ability to walk, to speak French, to play the piano – philosophers of action pay surprisingly little attention to them. By contrast, abilities are discussed in various other philosophical projects. From these discussions, a partial theory of abilities emerges. If the partial theory – which is at best adequate only to a few examples of practical abilities – were correct, then philosophers of action would be right to ignore practical abilities, because they could play no fundamental role in an account of human agency. For the idea that practical abilities do play a fundamental role in human agency to be worth considering, an alternative conception of them is needed. As a first step, I attempt some of the necessary ground-clearing work.
Sleep problems in breast cancer survivors 1–10 years posttreatment
Authors: Lowery-Allison Amy E. , Passik Steven D. , Cribbet Matthew R. , Reinsel Ruth A. , O'Sullivan Barbara , Norton Larry , Kirsh Kenneth L. , Kavey Neil B. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:Sleep can affect quality of life (QoL) during cancer survivorship, and symptoms related to poor sleep can be exacerbated. We examined the prevalence, severity, and nature of subjective sleep complaints in women surviving stage I–III breast cancer who were 1–10 years posttreatment. We also examined the demographic, medical, physical, and psychosocial correlates of poor sleep in these women in order to identify the subgroups that may be most in need of intervention.Method:A total of 200 patients at a comprehensive cancer center who were 1–10 years posttreatment for primary stage I–III breast cancer with no evidence of disease at the time of enrollment completed a battery of questionnaires on demographics, sleep, physical symptoms, mood, cancer-specific fears, and QoL.Results:The women had a mean age of 57 years (SD = 10.0), with a mean of 63.3 months (SD = 28.8) of post-cancer treatment. Some 38% of these patients were identified as having poor-quality sleep. Women with poor sleep took longer to fall asleep, had more awakenings, and acquired 2 hours less sleep per night than those with good sleep. They also had a lower QoL, greater severity of pain, more concerns about health and recurrence, and increased vasomotor symptoms (p < 0.05). Daytime sleepiness and depression were found to be not significantly correlated with sleep quality.Significance of results:Many breast cancer survivors had severe subjective insomnia, and several breast cancer survivor subgroups were identified as having members who might be most in need of sleep-improvement interventions. Addressing physical symptoms (e.g., vasomotor symptoms and pain) and providing education about the behavioral, social, environmental, and medical factors that affect sleep could result in substantial improvement in the life course of breast cancer survivors.
Evaluation of coloured traps with kairomone attractant for monitoring thrips population dynamics on tomato crop in East Africa
Authors: Muvea Alexander Mutua , Kutima Helen Lydia , Lagat Zipporah Osiemo , Waiganjo Monicah , Subramanian Sevgan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTomato is an important vegetable crop that is cultivated for the domestic market in Kenya and other East African countries. Thrips are one of the key pests hampering the production of tomato, both by direct damage to the crop and as vectors of tospoviruses. Field experiments were carried out over two planting times to evaluate the use of sticky traps for monitoring thrips infesting tomato in East Africa. Blue, yellow, and clear sticky traps with and without a thrips lure (Lurem-TR) were tested. Field observations for thrips catches on the sticky traps were made weekly until crop senescence. Sticky traps were replaced with new ones at each observation time. Additionally, both destructive and non-destructive samplings for thrips were done at each observation.Frankliniella schultzei(Trybom) andCeratothripoides brunneus(Bagnall) were more attracted to blue than yellow traps.Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande) attraction to blue and yellow traps was not distinctive. The addition of Lurem-TR on traps increased captures ofF. schultzeiandF. occidentalisbut not ofC. brunneus.Blue traps with Lurem-TR captures had the highest correlation with absolute estimate of thrips density on the plants. Rainfall had significant negative correlation with thrips population on the crops. Our results show that blue traps and Lurem-TR have strong potential for improving monitoring and management of thrips on tomato.
Erratum: Divergent functional isoforms drive niche specialisation for nutrient acquisition and use in rumen microbiome
Authors: Rubino Francesco , Carberry Ciara , Waters Sinéad M , Kenny David , McCabe Matthew S , Creevey Christopher J 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2017) 11, 932–944; doi:10.1038/ismej.2016.172 Updated online 28 February 2017: This article was originally published under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license, but has now been made available under a CC-BY 4.0 license. The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.
Protein-protein interactions and metabolite channelling in the plant tricarboxylic acid cycle
Authors: Zhang Youjun , Beard Katherine F. M. , Swart Corné , Bergmann Susan , Krahnert Ina , Nikoloski Zoran , Graf Alexander , Ratcliffe R. George , Sweetlove Lee J. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Obata Toshihiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractProtein complexes of sequential metabolic enzymes, often termed metabolons, may permit direct channelling of metabolites between the enzymes, providing increased control over metabolic pathway fluxes. Experimental evidence supporting their existence in vivo remains fragmentary. In the present study, we test binary interactions of the proteins constituting the plant tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. We integrate (semi-)quantitative results from affinity purification-mass spectrometry, split-luciferase and yeast-two-hybrid assays to generate a single reliability score for assessing protein–protein interactions. By this approach, we identify 158 interactions including those between catalytic subunits of sequential enzymes and between subunits of enzymes mediating non-adjacent reactions. We reveal channelling of citrate and fumarate in isolated potato mitochondria by isotope dilution experiments. These results provide evidence for a functional TCA cycle metabolon in plants, which we discuss in the context of contemporary understanding of this pathway in other kingdoms.
An evolutionary switch in ND2 enables Src kinase regulation of NMDA receptors
Authors: Scanlon David P. , Bah Alaji , Krzeminski Mickaël , Zhang Wenbo , Leduc-Pessah Heather L. , Dong Yi Na , Forman-Kay Julie D. , Salter Michael W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src is a key signalling hub for upregulating the function of N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Src is anchored within the NMDAR complex via NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2), a mitochondrially encoded adaptor protein. The interacting regions between Src and ND2 have been broadly identified, but the interaction between ND2 and the NMDAR has remained elusive. Here we generate a homology model of ND2 and dock it onto the NMDAR via the transmembrane domain of GluN1. This interaction is enabled by the evolutionary loss of three helices in bilaterian ND2 proteins compared to their ancestral homologues. We experimentally validate our model and demonstrate that blocking this interaction with an ND2 fragment identified in our experimental studies prevents Src-mediated upregulation of NMDAR currents in neurons. Our findings establish the mode of interaction between an NMDAR accessory protein with one of the core subunits of the receptor.
Post-supereruption recovery at Toba Caldera
Authors: Mucek Adonara E. , Danišík Martin , de Silva Shanaka L. , Schmitt Axel K. , Pratomo Indyo , Coble Matthew A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLarge calderas, or supervolcanoes, are sites of the most catastrophic and hazardous events on Earth, yet the temporal details of post-supereruption activity, or resurgence, remain largely unknown, limiting our ability to understand how supervolcanoes work and address their hazards. Toba Caldera, Indonesia, caused the greatest volcanic catastrophe of the last 100 kyr, climactically erupting ∼74 ka. Since the supereruption, Toba has been in a state of resurgence but its magmatic and uplift history has remained unclear. Here we reveal that new 14C, zircon U–Th crystallization and (U–Th)/He ages show resurgence commenced at 69.7±4.5 ka and continued until at least ∼2.7 ka, progressing westward across the caldera, as reflected by post-caldera effusive lava eruptions and uplifted lake sediment. The major stratovolcano north of Toba, Sinabung, shows strong geochemical kinship with Toba, and zircons from recent eruption products suggest Toba’s climactic magma reservoir extends beneath Sinabung and is being tapped during eruptions.
South-American plate advance and forced Andean trench retreat as drivers for transient flat subduction episodes
Authors: Schepers Gerben , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , Spakman Wim , Kosters Martha E. , Boschman Lydian M. , McQuarrie Nadine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAt two trench segments below the Andes, the Nazca Plate is subducting sub-horizontally over ∼200–300 km, thought to result from a combination of buoyant oceanic-plateau subduction and hydrodynamic mantle-wedge suction. Whether the actual conditions for both processes to work in concert existed is uncertain. Here we infer from a tectonic reconstruction of the Andes constructed in a mantle reference frame that the Nazca slab has retreated at ∼2 cm per year since ∼50 Ma. In the flat slab portions, no rollback has occurred since their formation at ∼12 Ma, generating ‘horse-shoe’ slab geometries. We propose that, in concert with other drivers, an overpressured sub-slab mantle supporting the weight of the slab in an advancing upper plate-motion setting can locally impede rollback and maintain flat slabs until slab tearing releases the overpressure. Tear subduction re-establishes a continuous slab and allows the process to recur, providing a mechanism for the transient character of flat slabs.
Atomically manufactured nickel–silicon quantum dots displaying robust resonant tunneling and negative differential resistance
Authors: Cheng Jian-Yih , Fisher Brandon L. , Guisinger Nathan P. , Lilley Carmen M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractProviding a spin-free host material in the development of quantum information technology has made silicon a very interesting and desirable material for qubit design. Much of the work and experimental progress has focused on isolated phosphorous atoms. In this article, we report on the exploration of Ni–Si clusters that are atomically manufactured via self-assembly from the bottom-up and behave as isolated quantum dots. These small quantum dot structures are probed at the atomic-scale with scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, revealing robust resonance through discrete quantized energy levels within the Ni–Si clusters. The resonance energy is reproducible and the peak spacing of the quantum dot structures increases as the number of atoms in the cluster decrease. Probing these quantum dot structures on degenerately doped silicon results in the observation of negative differential resistance in both I–V and dI/dV spectra. At higher surface coverage of nickel, a well-known √19 surface modification is observed and is essentially a tightly packed array of the clusters. Spatial conductance maps reveal variations in the local density of states that suggest the clusters are influencing the electronic properties of their neighbors. All of these results are extremely encouraging towards the utilization of metal modified silicon surfaces to advance or complement existing quantum information technology.
Understanding liver regeneration to bring new insights to the mechanisms driving cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Guest R. V. , Boulter L. , Dwyer B. J. , Forbes S. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCancer frequently arises in epithelial tissues subjected to repeated cycles of injury and repair. Improving our understanding of tissue regeneration is, therefore, likely to reveal novel processes with inherent potential for aberration that can lead to carcinoma. These highly conserved regenerative mechanisms are increasingly understood and in the liver are associated with special characteristics that underlie the organ’s legendary capacity for restoration of size and function following even severe or chronic injury. The nature of the injury can determine the cellular source of epithelial regeneration and the signalling mechanisms brought to play. These observations are shaping how we understand and experimentally investigate primary liver cancer, in particular cholangiocarcinoma; a highly invasive malignancy of the bile ducts, resistant to chemotherapy and whose pathogenesis has hitherto been poorly understood. Interestingly, signals that drive liver development become activated in the formation of cholangiocarcinoma, such as Notch and Wnt and may be potential future therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarise the work which has led to the current understanding of the cellular source of cholangiocarcinoma, how the tumour recruits, sustains and is educated by its supporting stromal environment, and the tumour-derived signals that drive the progression and invasion of the cancer. With few current treatments of any true efficacy, advances that will improve our understanding of the mechanisms driving this aggressive malignancy are welcome and may help drive therapeutic developments.