bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis E and pregnancy: current state
Authors: Pérez‐Gracia María Teresa , Suay‐García Beatriz , Mateos‐Lindemann María Luisa 
Published: March 2017

SummaryHepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for more than 50% of acute viral hepatitis cases in endemic countries. Approximately 2 billion individuals live in hepatitis E–endemic areas and, therefore, are at risk of infection. According to World Health Organization, HEV causes about 20.1 million infections and 70 000 deaths every year. In developing countries with poor sanitation, this disease is transmitted through contaminated water and is associated with large outbreaks, affecting hundreds or thousands of people. In developed countries, autochthonous cases of HEV have been increasingly recognized in the past several years.Hepatitis E virus typically causes an acute, self‐limiting illness similar to other acute viral hepatitis, such as hepatitis A or B, with about 0.2% to 1% mortality rate in the general population. However, the course of hepatitis E in pregnancy is different than the mild self‐constraining infection described in other populations. During pregnancy, HEV infection can take a fulminant course, resulting in fulminant hepatic failure, membrane rupture, spontaneous abortions, and stillbirths. Studies from various developing countries have shown a high incidence of HEV infection in pregnancy with a significant proportion of pregnant women progressing to fulminant hepatitis with a fatality rate of up to 30%.The present review will highlight new aspects of the HEV infection and pregnancy.
Crossing the Boundaries: Solidarity, Identity, and Mutual Learning in a K‐20 Partnership
Authors: OLITSKY STACY 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThis study investigates possibilities for faculty members and teachers to overcome status and professional culture barriers as they engage in partnership work aimed at promoting inquiry‐based instruction. It compares the processes and outcomes of several types of professional learning opportunities within a Math and Science Partnership based on how well they facilitated productive communication, student‐centered instructional practices, and knowledge negotiation. It discusses conflicts as components of faculty member/teacher interactions, regardless of the setting. However, when laboratory materials provide a relevant context for collaborative learning, and when there are opportunities for the development of microlevel interactional solidarity, conflicts can lead to knowledge negotiation rather than disengagement. Furthermore, these settings can reduce faculty members’ use of lecture‐based approaches, mitigate status differences, and facilitate the development of reform‐minded identities. This study suggests that while a focus on mutual learning is preferable to transmission in K‐20 partnerships, it is important to consider that mutual learning may be a negotiated product emerging from conflict and dialogue rather than an unproblematic exchange of information. In addition, it suggests that K‐20 partnerships should intentionally create opportunities that foster the establishment of goal‐oriented temporary communities, as these can support persistence through conflicts, reform‐minded teaching identities, and inquiry‐based instruction.
Sustainable economic–environmental planning in Southeast Europe – beyond‐GDP and climate change emphases
Authors: Radovanović Mirjana , Lior Noam 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study's objectives are (1) application of a quantitatively sound approach to the evaluation of economic and environmental sustainability for 10 Southeast Europe (SEE) countries, including comparison with the developed countries of Germany, France and the Russian Federation, and (2) evaluation of the effects of chosen sustainability indicator weights, especially of the GDP‐PPP, climate change and the income equality Gini index, as sustainability parameters. One applied scenario is with the level of sustainable economic development assessed by a traditional approach, based on high weight of GDP‐PPP, and another assigns lesser weight to the GDP‐PPP and higher weight to natural wealth and income equality, i.e. a ‘beyond‐GDP’ goal. The sustainability of environmental development was determined by a common approach based on high importance of climate change indicators and an approach, perhaps more suitable for developing countries of SEE, that gives higher weight to their agriculture, forestation and energy usage. Assigning higher weights to natural wealth and social equality encouragingly demonstrated that this results in the same or higher sustainability rankings for the SEE countries, and for some even higher than those of the developed countries. Developing countries that have relatively low GHG emissions and energy use, and GDP well above the poverty level, should consider basing their sustainable development on raising the relative weights for natural wealth and income equality, and lowering it for the GDP. Methodology recommendations are offered to sustainable development planners and policy‐makers. Uniformity and scientific consensus‐based standardization of sustainability analysis methodology are critically needed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Assessment of C++ object‐oriented mutation operators: A selective mutation approach
Authors: Delgado‐Pérez Pedro , Segura Sergio , Medina‐Bulo Inmaculada 
Published: March 2017

SummaryMutation testing is an effective but costly testing technique. Several studies have observed that some mutants can be redundant and therefore removed without affecting its effectiveness. Similarly, some mutants may be more effective than others in guiding the tester on the creation of high‐quality test cases. On the basis of these findings, we present an assessment of C++ class mutation operators by classifying them into 2 rankings: the first ranking sorts the operators on the basis of their degree of redundancy and the second regarding the quality of the tests they help to design. Both rankings are used in a selective mutation study analysing the trade‐off between the reduction achieved and the effectiveness when using a subset of mutants. Experimental results consistently show that leveraging the operators at the top of the 2 rankings, which are different, lead to a significant reduction in the number of mutants with a minimum loss of effectiveness.
Morphogen interpretation: concentration, time, competence, and signaling dynamics
Authors: Sagner Andreas , Briscoe James 
Published: March 2017

Tissue patterning during animal development is orchestrated by a handful of inductive signals. Most of these developmental cues act as morphogens, meaning they are locally produced secreted molecules that act at a distance to govern tissue patterning. The iterative use of the same signaling molecules in different developmental contexts demands that signal interpretation occurs in a highly context‐dependent manner. Hence the interpretation of signal depends on the specific competence of the receiving cells. Moreover, it has become clear that the differential interpretation of morphogens depends not only on the level of signaling but also the signaling dynamics, particularly the duration of signaling. In this review, we outline molecular mechanisms proposed in recent studies that explain how the response to morphogens is determined by differential competence, pathway intrinsic feedback, and the interpretation of signaling dynamics by gene regulatory networks. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e271. doi: 10.1002/wdev.271This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Gradients
Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics
Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation
A Novel Scoring System for Diagnosing Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in the Emergency Ward
Authors: Wang Zhen , Chen Jun‐Qiang , Liu Jin‐lu , Tian Lei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundEarly diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) based on clinical judgment has been proved to be too difficult. Therefore, it is important for identifying clinical parameters that can differentiate AMI from other acute abdomen upon presentation.MethodsWe analyzed a database of 106 consecutive patients admitted to the emergency ward for suspected AMI in whom diagnosis of AMI was confirmed by laparotomy, CT angiography or mesenteric angiography. The patients’ demographics, previous history, clinical signs, results of laboratory investigations and ultrasonography were collected. Diagnostic cutoff value of quantitative indexes was derived from the receiver operating curve. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for AMI and formulated these risk factors into a scoring system.ResultsA total of 45 patients (42.5%) were confirmed to have AMI. Compared with other acute abdomen, AMI had significantly increased level of white blood cell (Odds ratio (OR) 16.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–235.34), red cell distribution width (OR 27.65, 95% CI 1.53–501.02), mean platelet volume (OR 16.06, 95% CI 1.48–174.50) and D‐dimer (OR 42.91, 95% CI 2.56–718.09). A diagnostic score was calculated by adding points assigned to the four parameters, and a cutoff score of four best identified patients with AMI, with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 97.8, 91.8, 89.8 and 98.2%, respectively.ConclusionThis scoring system based on easily available parameters could be used as a useful tool for differentiating AMI from other acute abdomen in the emergency ward. Prospective studies with large sample remain needed for validating the results.
Chorionic Villus Sampling
Authors: Bhatt Reema Kumar 
Published: March 2017

AbstractChorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a form of prenatal diagnosis to determine chromosomal or genetic disorders in the fetus. It entails sampling of the chorionic villus (placental tissue) and testing it for chromosomal abnormalities. It usually takes place at 10–12 weeks’ gestation, earlier than amniocentesis or percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling. CVS was performed for the first time by Italian biologist Giuseppe Simoni. It requires expertise and is safe in the hands of experienced surgeons with a very low fetal loss rate.
THE POLISH MISSION TO LIBERIA, 1934–1938: CONSTRUCTING POLAND'S COLONIAL IDENTITY
Authors: PUCHALSKI PIOTR 
Published: March 2017

abstractThe Polish mission to Liberia (1934–8) was a series of diplomatic, commercial, and scientific initiatives carried out by Poland's Maritime and Colonial League and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Contextualizing the mission in terms of contemporary attempts to construct Poland's colonial identity, this article argues that Poland's colonial lobby imagined their presence in Liberia as a unique form of colonialism, distinct from its Western counterparts. Many participants in the mission considered Poland to have a special moral mandate in Africa by virtue of its own experience as a recently occupied nation. The grandiose visions of Liberia as a Polish colony and unfulfilled economic promises, however, contributed to the ultimate termination of the mission in 1938. The Poles’ concept of colonialism obscured their plausible objectives in Liberia and distracted them from executing their economic plan. The construction of a Polish colonial identity was a perfect means of rallying patriots around the flag and creating domestic support for Poland's maritime projects, but a colonial ideology was a double-edged sword in foreign affairs.
Importance of a dedicated neuroradiologist in reporting high-resolution computed tomography for otosclerosis: a retrospective comparison study of 40 patients
Authors: Kanona H , Rana I , Offiah C , Patel N 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectives:This study aimed to compare the reporting of high-resolution computed tomography of temporal bones for otosclerosis by general radiologists and a neuroradiologist within a local National Health Service Trust.Methods:A retrospective case review of 36 high-resolution temporal bone computed tomography images obtained between 2008 and 2015 from 40 otosclerosis patients (surgically confirmed) was performed in a district general hospital setting. The main outcome measures were correct identification of otosclerosis by high-resolution computed tomography and adherence to the petrous temporal bone imaging protocol.Results:Correct diagnosis rates were significantly different when made by general radiologists vs a neuroradiologist (p < 0.0001; two-tailed Fisher's exact test). None of the high-resolution computed tomography scans adhered to the temporal bone imaging protocol.Conclusion:The use of high-resolution computed tomography for suspected otosclerosis is helpful for diagnosis, disease staging, obtaining informed consent, surgical planning and prognosis. This study suggests that radiological detection of otosclerotic changes by high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone is significantly better when performed by a dedicated neuroradiologist than by a general radiologist. Use of a standardised temporal bone computed tomography protocol is recommended to provide consistently high-quality images for maximising disease detection.
A culture of tolerance: coexisting with large carnivores in the Kafa Highlands, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebresenbet Fikirte , Baraki Brhane , Yirga Gidey , Sillero-Zubiri Claudio , Bauer Hans 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe assessed losses of livestock to lions Panthera leo and leopards Panthera pardus in the Adiyo and Gimbo districts in Kafa Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia. We quantified the economic impact, conducted household and group interviews, and explored potential solutions with local people. During 2009–2013 there were 350 and 62 attacks by lions and leopards, respectively. Households that suffered attacks on their livestock lost a mean of USD 287 and USD 310 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Although lion attacks are more frequent than leopard attacks, our qualitative data indicate that tolerance for the former is higher because lions are more respected in the local culture. We describe how depredation is culturally mitigated and how retaliatory killing is avoided. Given people's tolerance towards them, carnivores may persist in their highland refugium, opening an arena for conservation that is not strictly linked to protected areas or to classical economics.
Occupation, gender and work-life exits: a Swedish population study
Authors: KADEFORS ROLAND , NILSSON KERSTIN , RYLANDER LARS , ÖSTERGREN PER-OLOF , ALBIN MARIA 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe present study was undertaken in order to examine the differences between occupations in the Swedish labour market with respect to the risk for men and women of leaving working life prematurely. The project was carried out as a population study employing methodology used in demographics to predict life length at birth. Here, calculations of expected remaining work-life length were based on the exits from working life. The study was based on the Swedish national labour statistics, covering all employees who had an occupational definition in 2006 and who were in the age range 35–64 years during the study period 2007–2010. There was a clear socio-economic divide in exit patterns, comparing blue- and white-collar jobs. The differences between the highest and the lowest risk jobs exceeded 4.5 years among both men and women. In the blue-collar occupational groups there were 50 per cent or less ‘survivors’ still working at age 65; in many white-collar occupations there were more than 60 per cent. Men and women exited working life at the same age. Compared to a similar study carried out in 2006, the same socio-economic pattern prevails, but people now work longer in almost all occupations. Women exited working life 0.8 years earlier than men in 2006; this difference is now gone.
Squalor, chaos and feelings of disgust: care workers talk about older people with alcohol problems
Authors: KARLSSON LIS BODIL , GUNNARSSON EVY 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTOlder persons with alcohol problems have today become an all too common part of everyday elder care, but research in this area is still scarce. This article has a Swedish context with the aim of describing and analysing home care workers’ narratives about older people who can be characterised as heavy drinkers,i.e.people with severe alcohol problems who need considerable care for extended periods. Limited knowledge is available concerning this age group. This article therefore fills a knowledge gap about home care workers’ perspective about body work and the abject, and breaches the myth that older individuals should be able to drink as they prefer and/or notions of drinking alcohol as a last enjoyment in life. The care workers talked about how they got drawn into the daily lives of the care recipients and how they ended up in situations where they, on the one hand, removed the consequences of drinking, and on the other, felt that they sustained the drinking by cleaning out dirt and washing the care recipients’ bodies.
Simply transitive quaternionic lattices of rank 2 overq(t) and a non-classical fake quadric
Authors: STIX JAKOB , VDOVINA ALINA 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBy means of a quaternion algebra over$\mathbb{F}$q(t), we construct an infinite series of torsion free, simply transitive, irreducible lattices in PGL2($\mathbb{F}$q((t))) × PGL2($\mathbb{F}$q((t))). The lattices depend on an odd prime powerq=prand a parameter τ ∈$\mathbb{F}$q×, τ ≠ 1, and are the fundamental group of a square complex with just one vertex and universal coveringTq+1×Tq+1, a product of trees with constant valencyq+ 1.Our lattices give rise via non-archimedian uniformization to smooth projective surfaces of general type over$\mathbb{F}$q((t)) with ample canonical class, Chern numbers c12= 2 c2, trivial Albanese variety and non-reduced Picard scheme. Forq= 3, the Zariski–Euler characteristic attains its minimal value χ = 1: the surface is a non-classical fake quadric.
International outbreak of multiple Salmonella serotype infections linked to sprouted chia seed powder – USA and Canada, 2013–2014
Authors: HARVEY R. R. , HEIMAN MARSHALL K. E. , BURNWORTH L. , HAMEL M. , TATARYN J. , CUTLER J. , MEGHNATH K. , WELLMAN A. , IRVIN K. , ISAAC L. , CHAU K. , LOCAS A. , KOHL J. , HUTH P. A. , NICHOLAS D. , TRAPHAGEN E. , SOTO K. , MANK L. , HOLMES-TALBOT K. , NEEDHAM M. , BARNES A. , ADCOCK B. , HONISH L. , CHUI L. , TAYLOR M. , GAULIN C. , BEKAL S. , WARSHAWSKY B. , HOBBS L. , TSCHETTER L. R. , SURIN A. , LANCE S. , WISE M. E. , WILLIAMS I. , GIERALTOWSKI L. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYSalmonella is a leading cause of bacterial foodborne illness. We report the collaborative investigative efforts of US and Canadian public health officials during the 2013–2014 international outbreak of multiple Salmonella serotype infections linked to sprouted chia seed powder. The investigation included open-ended interviews of ill persons, traceback, product testing, facility inspections, and trace forward. Ninety-four persons infected with outbreak strains from 16 states and four provinces were identified; 21% were hospitalized and none died. Fifty-four (96%) of 56 persons who consumed chia seed powder, reported 13 different brands that traced back to a single Canadian firm, distributed by four US and eight Canadian companies. Laboratory testing yielded outbreak strains from leftover and intact product. Contaminated product was recalled. Although chia seed powder is a novel outbreak vehicle, sprouted seeds are recognized as an important cause of foodborne illness; firms should follow available guidance to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination during sprouting.
Antimicrobial resistance, penicillin-binding protein sequences, and pilus islet carriage in relation to clonal evolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A in Russia, 2002–2013
Authors: MAYANSKIY N. , SAVINOVA T. , ALYABIEVA N. , PONOMARENKO O. , BRZHOZOVSKAYA E. , LAZAREVA A. , KATOSOVA L. , KOZLOV R. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYClonal changes of serotype 19A pneumococci have been appreciated in conjunction with growing prevalence of this serotype after implementation of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). In the present study, we characterized serotype 19A pneumococci collected in Russia within a decade preceding the implementation of PCV vaccination and described their clonal evolution. We retrospectively analyzed non-invasive serotype 19A isolates collected in 2002–2013. All isolates were subjected to multilocus sequence typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, determination of macrolide resistance genotype, molecular detection of pilus islet (PI) carriage, sequencing of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) genes. A total of 49 serotype 19A isolates represented 25 sequence types, of which 14 were newly described. The majority of isolates were distributed among clonal complex (CC) 663 (28%), CC230 (25%), CC156, and CC320 (14% each). CC663 and CC156 dominated in 2003, but were replaced by CC230 and CC320 later on; CC320 was only evident starting 2010. All isolates of CC663 and CC156 carried PI1; CC320 possessed both PI1 and PI2. The overall rate of altered amino acids in penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates was 13·9%, 7·2%, and 8·7% for PBP1a, PBP2b, and PBP2x, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that the clonal structure of serotype 19A pneumococci may evolve without PCV pressure.
Recent recordings of plainchant
Authors: WEBER JEROME F. 
Published: March 2017

FOREWORDThe Editorial Committee extends its heartfelt thanks and warmest wishes to Rev. Jerome F. Weber, who is retiring as PMM's Audio Review Editor effective this issue. For a quarter century, Father Weber has regularly contributed reviews of hundreds of plainchant recordings to this journal, casting his net widely to capture Gregorian and post-Gregorian repertoires, monastic and regional traditions including Byzantine Chant, and chants on recordings devoted mainly to polyphony. Having published A Gregorian Chant Discography in 1990, addenda et corrigenda in PMM 19/1 (2010), he launched the website chantdiscography.com in November 2010, a relational database of sound recordings in formats ranging from shellac 78s and vinyl LPs to cassette tapes and compact discs. An enormously useful resource for scholars and music lovers alike, the online discography analyses well over a thousand new and re-issued CD recordings produced since 1990 along with data from the 1990 discography. We wish our colleague the very best in his well-earned retirement!