bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herpes Zoster – Empfehlungen der konsensbasierten Europäischen Leitlinie
Authors: Werner Ricardo , Eisert Lisa , Nast Alexander 
Published: October 2017

Was ist neu?
Diagnosestellung Bei diagnostischer Unsicherheit wird die Anwendung molekulargenetischer Untersuchungen oder alternativ Antigen-basierter Tests empfohlen.
Weiterführende Diagnostik Risikofaktoren und klinische Zeichen für komplizierte Verläufe sollten erfasst werden und erfordern ggf. weiterführende diagnostische Maßnahmen.
Therapieziele und Indikationen zur systemischen antiviralen Behandlung Insbesondere Patienten mit Risikofaktoren für eine kompliziert verlaufende Erkrankung sollten eine systemische antivirale Therapie erhalten. Für junge Patienten ohne Risikofaktoren wurde eine relative Therapieindikation ausgesprochen.
Wie sollte behandelt werden? Die Auswahl der antiviralen Medikation sollte gemeinsam mit dem Patienten unter Berücksichtigung der Praktikabilität, Therapiekosten, Kontraindikationen und Komorbiditäten erfolgen. Patienten mit Risikofaktoren für komplizierte Verläufe sollten bevorzugt mit parenteralem Aciclovir behandelt werden.
Spezifische Situationen Die ergänzende systemische Verabreichung von Kortikosteroiden wird nur in spezifischen Situationen (z. B. akute Retinanekrose, Ramsay-Hunt-Syndrom) und in Konsultation mit den entsprechenden Fachdisziplinen empfohlen.
Schmerztherapie Eine suffiziente Schmerztherapie unter Berücksichtigung des WHO-Stufenschemas und Einbezug von Komedikation soll frühzeitig erfolgen.
Lokalbehandlung Die Studienlage für spezifische Ansätze der Lokaltherapie ist unzureichend und es konnte innerhalb des Expertengremiums keine Einigung für eine spezifische Empfehlung erzielt werden.
Hörverbesserung durch Tympanoplastik
Authors: Plontke Stefan K. , Zirkler Jonas 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDie grundlegenden Techniken der Tympanoplastik wurden Anfang der 1950er Jahre
entwickelt und seitdem verfeinert und modifiziert; die Grundprinzipien haben
aber auch heute noch ihre Bedeutung. Als Transplantatmaterialien finden
überwiegend Knorpel und Perichondrium Verwendung. Zur Ossikelrekonstruktion
haben sich insbesondere Titanprothesen als vorteilhaft erwiesen.
Leitlinien in der Praxis: Die neue S3-Leitlinie „Nicht
erholsamer Schlaf/Schlafstörungen“ – Kapitel „Schlafbezogene
Atmungsstörungen“
Authors: Gerlach Martin , Sanner Bernd 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungZu den schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörungen zählen die zentrale Schlafapnoe (ZSA),
die obstruktive Schlafapnoe (OSA) und die schlafbezogene Hypoventilation bzw.
Hypoxämie. Sie sind häufig und von zunehmender klinischer Relevanz. Das Kapitel
zu dieser Krankheitsgruppe aus der S3-Leitlinie „Nicht erholsamer
Schlaf/Schlafstörungen“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Schlafmedizin wurde am
29. November 2016 aktualisiert und bietet Neuerungen zu Epidemiologie,
Diagnostik, Therapie und Systematik. Zur Epidemiologie wird die deutlich erhöhte
Mortalität schwangerer Frauen mit OSA herausgestellt. In der Diagnostik der OSA
wird betont, dass die Polygrafie unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen ausreichen
kann. Änderungen der diagnostischen Empfehlungen zur ZSA erlauben nun die
Diagnosestellung auch bei geringer Apnoerate unter der Voraussetzung einer
typischen klinischen Situation. Entscheidende therapeutische Unterschiede haben
sich bei der ZSA mit Herzinsuffizienz ergeben. Ferner wird differenziert
zwischen schlafbezogener Hypoventilation und schlafbezogener Hypoxämie. Das
Obesitas-Hypoventilations-Syndrom wird insgesamt breiter besprochen. Der
vorliegende Artikel fasst die Änderungen zusammen und kommentiert sie.
Management der Unterschenkelvenenthrombose
Authors: Schellong Sebastian 
Published: October 2017

Was ist neu?
Natürlicher Verlauf der ICVT Die isolierte Wadenvenenthrombose hat ein bewiesenermaßen geringeres Schadenspotenzial für den Patienten als eine proximale Beinvenenthrombose.
Evidenz für die Therapie Für die Gesamtheit aller Fälle von ICVT wächst die Evidenz, dass die Antikoagulation weitere VTE-Ereignisse in der Häufigkeit reduziert. Die „number needed to treat“ ist jedoch bedeutend höher als für die proximale TVT. Es gibt eine Patientengruppe von ICVT mit so niedrigem Risiko, dass sie keiner Behandlung bedarf. Ihre Charakterisierung ist wenig datenbasiert.
Aktueller Stand der Leitlinien Aktuelle Leitlinien lassen einen Korridor, Patienten mit ICVT nicht zu antikoagulieren.
Asymptomatische Hyperurikämie: Risikofaktor für die Entstehung und Progression einer chronischen Nierenerkrankung
Authors: Kälsch Anna-Isabelle , Krüger Bernd 
Published: October 2017

Was ist neu?
Auftreten einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz Epidemiologische Studien deuten klar auf einen Einfluss der asymptomatischen Hyperurikämie in der Entwicklung einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz hin. Allerdings ist die Frage, ob eine erhöhte Harnsäure ursächlich für die Ausbildung einer Niereninsuffizienz ist oder lediglich einen Surrogatparameter darstellt, noch nicht abschließend geklärt.
Progression der chronischen Niereninsuffizienz und Mortalität Der Zusammenhang der asymptomatischen Hyperurikämie mit einer Progression einer bestehenden chronischen Niereninsuffizienz ist weit weniger eindeutig, gut belegt ist jedoch die Assoziation mit einer erhöhten Mortalität.
Transplantatfunktion und Mortalität nach Nierentransplantation Neben einer Assoziation mit einem Progress einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz finden sich vergleichbare Daten bzgl. eines Transplantatverlustes nach Nierentransplantation.
Einfluss der Intervention auf die Progression Neben der Therapie der Gicht erscheint die Senkung des Harnsäurespiegels ebenfalls positive Effekte auf die renale Funktion zu haben. Ergebnisse kleinerer Studien sind hierzu sehr vielversprechend, müssen aber in größeren, randomisierten Studien, bestätigt werden, um verbindliche Empfehlungen zur Therapie der asymptomatischen Hyperurikämie aussprechen zu können.
Senkung der Harnsäure durch SLGT2-Inhibitoren Subgruppenanalysen zeigen, dass SLGT2-Inhibitoren neben ihrer glukosurischen auch eine urikosurische Wirkung besitzen und den Harnsäurespiegel signifikant senken können. Inwieweit dies zum nephroprotektiven Effekt dieser Substanzen beiträgt, müssen weitere Subgruppenanalysen und/oder Studien noch beantworten.
Linked color imaging (LCI), a novel image-enhanced endoscopy technology, emphasizes the color of early gastric cancer
Authors: Kanzaki Hiromitsu , Takenaka Ryuta , Kawahara Yoshiro , Kawai Daisuke , Obayashi Yuka , Baba Yuki , Sakae Hiroyuki , Gotoda Tatsuhiro , Kono Yoshiyasu , Miura Ko , Iwamuro Masaya , Kawano Seiji , Tanaka Takehiro , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Linked color imaging (LCI) and blue laser imaging (BLI) are novel image-enhanced endoscopy technologies with strong, unique color enhancement. We investigated the efficacy of LCI and BLI-bright compared to conventional white light imaging (WLI) by measuring the color difference between early gastric cancer lesions and the surrounding mucosa.
Patients and methods Images of early gastric cancer scheduled for endoscopic submucosal dissection were captured by LCI, BLI-bright, and WLI under the same conditions. Color values of the lesion and surrounding mucosa were defined as the average of the color value in each region of interest. Color differences between the lesion and surrounding mucosa (ΔE) were examined in each mode. The color value was assessed using the CIE L*a*b* color space (CIE: Commission Internationale d’Eclairage).
Results We collected images of 43 lesions from 42 patients. Average ΔE values with LCI, BLI-bright, and WLI were 11.02, 5.04, and 5.99, respectively. The ΔE was significantly higher with LCI than with WLI (P < 0.001). Limited to cases of small ΔE with WLI, the ΔE was approximately 3 times higher with LCI than with WLI (7.18 vs. 2.25). The ΔE with LCI was larger when the surrounding mucosa had severe intestinal metaplasia (P = 0.04). The average color value of a lesion and the surrounding mucosa differed. This value did not have a sufficient cut-off point between the lesion and surrounding mucosa to distinguish them, even with LCI.
Conclusion LCI had a larger ΔE than WLI. It may allow easy recognition and early detection of gastric cancer, even for inexperienced endoscopists.
Comparative evaluation of two porcine ex vivo models for training in endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections
Authors: Moryoussef Frederick , Leblanc Sarah , Bertucat Alice , Laquiere Arthur , Coron Emmanuel , Mangialavori Luigi , Duchmann Jean-Christophe , Le Baleur Yann , Prat Frederic 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Introduction EUS-guided cystoenterostomy (EUCE), a technique used for the drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts and peri-enteric collections, requires specific skills for which dedicated models are needed. Based on a compact EASIE model (Erlangen Active Simulator for Interventional Endoscopy), we developed two ex vivo porcine models of retrogastric cysts and evaluated learning performance within the frame of a structured training program.
Material and methods The first model was made of porcine colon (i. e. “natural cyst”), the second one with an ostomy bag (i. e. “artificial cyst”). All procedures were achieved with an EUS scope under fluoroscopy. Both models were evaluated prospectively over a 2-day session involving 14 students and five experts. The primary end point was overall satisfaction with each model.
Results The “natural cyst” and “artificial cyst” were prepared within 10 and 16.5 minutes (P = 0.78), respectively. Model grading showed a non-significant trend for overall satisfaction in favor of the artificial model (P = 0.06). As secondary end points, difference was not significant for impression of realism (P = 0.75) whereas the “artificial cyst” was graded significantly better by experts and students in terms of ability to teach procedural steps (P = 0.01) and ease of puncture (P = 0.03). Moreover, experts considered the ability to improve students’ proficiency to be superior with the “artificial cyst” (P = 0.008).
Conclusion Both “artificial” and “natural cysts” are efficient for EUCE training in terms of overall satisfaction. However, the “artificial cyst” model appears to make the procedure easier with a higher ability to teach procedural steps and improve the students’ proficiency. Larger applications of this model are needed to validate as a standard of training.
Antikörpergesteuerte Transplantatabstoßung nach
Nierentransplantation
Authors: Thorban Stefan , Hüser Norbert , Aßfalg Volker , Renders Lutz , Matevossian Edouard 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDie antikörpervermittelte Abstoßung nach einer Nierentransplantation mit dem
Nachweis von (de novo) donorspezifischen HLA-Antikörpern gehört derzeit zu den
größten Herausforderungen bei der Nierentransplantation. Ungeklärt bleiben
letztlich die Bedeutung von Persistenz oder Verlust der donorspezifischen
Antikörper und wie die Therapie bei gefährdeten Patienten aussehen sollte. Wer
sollte zu welchem Zeitpunkt und mit welchem Medikamentenprotokoll eine
Desensibilisierung erhalten? In dieser Übersicht werden diagnostische und
therapeutische Verfahrensweisen bezüglich der antikörpervermittelten Abstoßung
und bei hochimmunisierten Patienten bei Nierentransplantation dargestellt und
Strategien zur Vermeidung einer antikörpervermittelten Rejektion aufgezeigt.
Mutator genomes decay, despite sustained fitness gains, in a long-term experiment with bacteria
Authors: Couce Alejandro , Caudwell Larissa Viraphong , Feinauer Christoph , Hindré Thomas , Feugeas Jean-Paul , Weigt Martin , Lenski Richard E. , Schneider Dominique , Tenaillon Olivier 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Bacterial genomes are extremely diverse in size and composition. Biologists have long sought to explain such variability based on present-day selective and mutational forces. However, mutation rates can change dramatically over time, and experiments with hypermutable bacteria show that their genomes rapidly decay when propagated under the near absence of selection. Whether selection can prevent this decay is unclear. Here, we document the rapid genome decay of hypermutable bacteria even during tens of thousands of generations of sustained adaptation to a laboratory environment. These findings suggest the need to reexamine current ideas about the evolution of bacterial genomes, and they have implications for other hypermutable systems such as viruses and cancer cells.
Unique amalgamation of primary and secondary structural elements transform peptaibols into potent bioactive cell-penetrating peptides
Authors: Du Lin , Risinger April L. , Mitchell Carter A. , You Jianlan , Stamps Blake W. , Pan Ning , King Jarrod B. , Bopassa Jean C. , Judge Susan I. V. , Yang Zhibo , Stevenson Bradley S. , Cichewicz Robert H. 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceUsing a combined approach relying on mass spectrometric analysis and molecular phylogeny, a fungus was identified that produced the gichigamins, which are peptaibols that contain a remarkable combination of structural features. The gichigamins possess a repeating α-residue/α-residue/β-residue motif creating a 311-P-helix secondary structure. These structural elements confer upon the gichigamins the unique ability among peptaibols to enter into cells whereupon they disrupt mitochondrial function. Semisynthetic modifications further enhanced gichigamin mitochondrial depolarization and cytotoxicity, while removing virtually all plasma-membrane pore-forming capabilities. These discoveries open vistas for engineering peptaibols into potent cytotoxins and intracellular delivery tools that are devoid of ion leakage effects.
Pathogenesis of hypothyroidism-induced NAFLD is driven by intra- and extrahepatic mechanisms
Authors: Ferrandino Giuseppe , Kaspari Rachel R. , Spadaro Olga , Reyna-Neyra Andrea , Perry Rachel J. , Cardone Rebecca , Kibbey Richard G. , Shulman Gerald I. , Dixit Vishwa Deep , Carrasco Nancy 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism-induced NAFLD has yet to be characterized. Here we found that hypothyroidism induces NAFLD through a pleiotropic effect of thyroid hormones (THs) on insulin secretion and adrenergic stimulation of lipolysis in adipose tissue. A mild reduction in serum TH levels impairs insulin secretion, leading to impaired suppression of lipolysis and increased shuttling of fatty acids to the liver, where they induce NAFLD. Surprisingly, a severe reduction in serum TH levels protects against the development of NAFLD through a constitutive suppression of lipolysis. These results shed light on mechanisms that either induce or protect against NAFLD in hypothyroidism.
Topological phenomena in classical optical networks
Authors: Shi T. , Kimble H. J. , Cirac J. I. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
We introduce a unique scheme to investigate topological behavior, using optical-passive elements and Kerr nonlinearities. Compared with previous proposals, the topological band gaps are dramatically broadened, leading to very robust edge modes. Our setup displays intriguing phenomena in the nonlinear regime, including instabilities and the production of squeezed light in the edge modes. This proposal promises unique avenues for engineering phases of light with topological character.
How truth wins in opinion dynamics along issue sequences
Authors: Friedkin Noah E. , Bullo Francesco 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Investigations of the conditions of truth wins in social groups present mixed findings and have not included a network science modeling of the opinion dynamics that alter individuals’ positions. This paper presents evidence that an attention to such dynamics substantially clarifies how truth wins. The findings of our experiments on groups of human subjects suggest that the mixed findings on truth wins in social groups can be integrated as special-case realizations of a general model of opinion dynamics on influence networks.
SMELL-S and SMELL-R: Olfactory tests not influenced by odor-specific insensitivity or prior olfactory experience
Authors: Hsieh Julien W. , Keller Andreas , Wong Michele , Jiang Rong-San , Vosshall Leslie B. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Currently available smell testing methods can be confounded by the lack of prior experience or insensitivity to the odorants used in the test. This introduces a source of bias into clinical tests aimed at detecting patients with olfactory dysfunction. We have developed smell tests that use mixtures of 30 molecules that average out the variability in sensitivity to individual molecules. Because these mixtures have an unfamiliar smell and the tests are nonsemantic, their use eliminates differences in test performance due to familiarity with the smells or the words used to describe them. SMELL-S and SMELL-R facilitate smell testing in different populations, without the need to adapt test stimuli to account for differences in familiarity with the test odors.
Broad role for YBX1 in defining the small noncoding RNA composition of exosomes
Authors: Shurtleff Matthew J. , Yao Jun , Qin Yidan , Nottingham Ryan M. , Temoche-Diaz Morayma M. , Schekman Randy , Lambowitz Alan M. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Cells release vesicles containing selectively packaged cargo, including RNA, into the extracellular environment. Prior studies have identified RNA inside extracellular vesicles (EVs), but due to limitations of conventional sequencing methods, highly structured and posttranscriptionally modified RNA species were not effectively captured. Using an alternative sequencing approach (thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase sequencing, TGIRT-seq), we found that EVs contain abundant small noncoding RNA species, including full-length transfer RNAs and Y RNAs. Using a knockout cell line, we obtained evidence that the RNA-binding protein YBX1 plays a role in sorting small noncoding RNAs into a subpopulation of EVs termed exosomes. These experiments expand our understanding of EV–RNA composition and provide insights into how RNA is sorted into EVs for cellular export.
Two scoring procedures to evaluate memory and sequencing in auditory, visual and auditory-visual combined modalities
Authors: Pillai Roshni , Yathiraj Asha 
Published: October 2017

Aim:
The present study was carried out to evaluate whether there exists a relation between two scoring procedures (score and span) to evaluate memory as well as sequencing within three modality conditions (auditory, visual and auditory-visual).

Methods:
The auditory memory and sequencing abilities of 30 typically developing children aged ≥7 to <9 years were determined using ‘Revised Auditory Memory and Sequencing Test in Indian-English’ (RAMST-IE) developed by Yathirajet al. Visual as well as auditory-visual memory and sequencing were assessed using visual and auditory-visual tests that were analogous to the auditory test. ‘Scores’ and ‘span’ were estimated for all three modality conditions, with the former scoring procedure being longer than the latter.

Results:
It was observed in all three modality conditions that the children performed better on the memory skill when compared to the sequencing skill. Further, after elimination of two outliers, Pearson’s correlation was carried out to check the relation between the two scoring procedures. It was observed that there was a significant moderate correlation between the two scoring measures (score and span) for the visual and auditory-visual modality conditions. This was seen for both memory and sequencing skills. However, for the auditory modality, a significant moderate correlation was observed for the sequencing skill and not for the memory skill.

Conclusion:
The results of the study indicate that the calculation of ‘span’ could be used instead of calculation of ‘scores’, when time is a constrain. This can be done only for the visual and for the auditory-visual modality conditions. However, it is recommended that if subtle memory problems are to be detected, the calculation of ‘scores’ would yield better results.
Radiotherapy for locally advanced resectable T3–T4 laryngeal cancer—does laryngeal preservation strategy compromise survival?
Authors: Yamazaki Hideya , Suzuki Gen , Nakamura Satoaki , Hirano Shigeru , Yoshida Ken , Konishi Koji , Teshima Teruki , Ogawa Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
With the advancement of chemotherapy, a laryngeal preservation (LP) strategy was explored with the aim of improving maintenance of quality of life. Induction chemotherapy (ICT) following radiotherapy (RT) was considered a viable option because of its high initial response rate without hampering of overall survival (OS). Subsequently, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) using CDDP became the standard of care for LP, showing the best LP ratio. For enhancing treatment intensity, ICT with taxan + CDDP + 5-FU (TPF-ICT) followed by RT showed superiority over ICT with CDDP + 5-FU (PF-ICT) followed by RT. Given that almost all randomized controlled trials investigating ICT include not only operable (endpoint, LP) but also inoperable (endpoint, OS) cases, physicians are faced with a dilemma regarding application in daily practice. In addition, increased treatment intensity causes augmentation of adverse events, which might reduce compliance. Thereafter, cetuximab, an effective drug with fewer adverse effects [bioradiotherapy (BRT)], emerged as another option. However, little evidence has confirmed its superiority over RT (or CCRT) in laryngeal cancer subpopulations. In spite of these developments, the OS of patients with laryngeal cancer has not improved for several decades. In fact, several studies indicated a decrease in OS during the 1990s, probably due to overuse of CCRT. Fortunately, the latter was not the case in most institutions. Currently, no other treatment has better OS than surgery. The eligibility criteria for LP and/or surgery largely depend upon the available expertise and experience, which differ from one institution to another. Therefore, a multidisciplinary team is required for the treatment of LP.
The open flux evolution of a solar-mass star on the main sequence
Authors: See V. , Jardine M. , Vidotto A. A. , Donati J.-F. , Saikia S. Boro , Fares R. , Folsom C. P. , Jeffers S. V. , Marsden S. C. , Morin J. , Petit P. ,   the BCool Collaboration
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Magnetic activity is known to be correlated to the rotation period for moderately active main-sequence solar-like stars. In turn, the stellar rotation period evolves as a result of magnetized stellar winds that carry away angular momentum. Understanding the interplay between magnetic activity and stellar rotation is therefore a central task for stellar astrophysics. Angular momentum evolution models typically employ spin-down torques that are formulated in terms of the surface magnetic field strength. However, these formulations fail to account for the magnetic field geometry, unlike those that are expressed in terms of the open flux, i.e. the magnetic flux along which stellar winds flow. In this work, we model the angular momentum evolution of main-sequence solar-mass stars using a torque law formulated in terms of the open flux. This is done using a potential field source surface model in conjunction with the Zeeman–Doppler magnetograms of a sample of roughly solar-mass stars. We explore how the open flux of these stars varies with stellar rotation and choice of source surface radii. We also explore the effect of field geometry by using two methods of determining the open flux. The first method only accounts for the dipole component while the second accounts for the full set of spherical harmonics available in the Zeeman–Doppler magnetogram. We find only a small difference between the two methods, demonstrating that the open flux, and indeed the spin-down, of main-sequence solar-mass stars is likely dominated by the dipolar component of the magnetic field.