bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unconventional Human T Cells Accumulate at the Site of Infection in Response to Microbial Ligands and Induce Local Tissue Remodeling
Authors: Liuzzi Anna Rita , Kift-Morgan Ann , Lopez-Anton Melisa , Friberg Ida M. , Zhang Jingjing , Brook Amy C. , Roberts Gareth W. , Donovan Kieron L. , Colmont Chantal S. , Toleman Mark A. , Bowen Timothy , Johnson David W. , Topley Nicholas , Moser Bernhard , Fraser Donald J. , Eberl Matthias 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The antimicrobial responsiveness and function of unconventional human T cells are poorly understood, with only limited access to relevant specimens from sites of infection. Peritonitis is a common and serious complication in individuals with end-stage kidney disease receiving peritoneal dialysis. By analyzing local and systemic immune responses in peritoneal dialysis patients presenting with acute bacterial peritonitis and monitoring individuals before and during defined infectious episodes, our data show that Vγ9/Vδ2+ γδ T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells accumulate at the site of infection with organisms producing (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate and vitamin B2, respectively. Such unconventional human T cells are major producers of IFN-γ and TNF-α in response to these ligands that are shared by many microbial pathogens and affect the cells lining the peritoneal cavity by triggering local inflammation and inducing tissue remodeling with consequences for peritoneal membrane integrity. Our data uncover a crucial role for Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells in bacterial infection and suggest that they represent a useful predictive marker for important clinical outcomes, which may inform future stratification and patient management. These findings are likely to be applicable to other acute infections where local activation of unconventional T cells contributes to the antimicrobial inflammatory response.
Charon Mediates Immune Deficiency–Driven PARP-1–Dependent Immune Responses in Drosophila
Authors: Ji Yingbiao , Thomas Colin , Tulin Nikita , Lodhi Niraj , Boamah Ernest , Kolenko Vladimir , Tulin Alexei V. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Regulation of NF-κB nuclear translocation and stability is central to mounting an effective innate immune response. In this article, we describe a novel molecular mechanism controlling NF-κB–dependent innate immune response. We show that a previously unknown protein, termed as Charon, functions as a regulator of antibacterial and antifungal immune defense in Drosophila. Charon is an ankyrin repeat–containing protein that mediates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)–dependent transcriptional responses downstream of the innate immune pathway. Our results demonstrate that Charon interacts with the NF-κB ortholog Relish inside perinuclear particles and delivers active Relish to PARP-1–bearing promoters, thus triggering NF-κB/PARP-1–dependent transcription of antimicrobial peptides. Ablating the expression of Charon prevents Relish from targeting promoters of antimicrobial genes and effectively suppresses the innate immune transcriptional response. Taken together, these results implicate Charon as an essential mediator of PARP-1–dependent transcription in the innate immune pathway. Thus, to our knowledge, our results are the first to describe the molecular mechanism regulating translocation of the NF-κB subunit from cytoplasm to chromatin.
Disseminated Mycobacterium Bovis Infection Complicating Intravesical BCG Instillation for the Treatment of Superficial Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: Elzein Fatehi , Albogami Nada , Saad Mustafa , Tayeb Nazik El , Alghamdi Abdullah , Elyamany Ghaleb 
Published: August 2016

Background Intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) remains a first-line treatment for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Although its use is relatively safe, severe complications such as granulomatous hepatitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonitis, and sepsis occur in few patients. Complications of intravesical instillation of BCG can be local or systemic, with early or late presentation. Case Presentation Here, we report an 88-year-old man who developed fever, rigors, and episodes of syncope following fourth intravesical BCG instillation for the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Pancytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, ground glass appearance on computerized tomography of the chest scan in addition to multiple bone marrow granulomas, suggested the diagnosis of disseminated BCG infection. All these features recovered on antituberculosis treatment. Conclusion Our case study highlights the importance of early recognition and prompt treatment of patients with disseminated BCG infection following intravesical instillation. Although isolation of mycobacterium is desirable to make the diagnosis, it is not unusual to have negative smears and cultures and this should not be used to dismiss the possibility of BCG infection.
Convex-normal (Pairs of) Polytopes
Authors: Haase Christian , Hofmann Jan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn 2012, Gubeladze (Adv. Math. 2012) introduced the notion ofk-convex-normal polytopes to show that integral polytopes all of whose edges are longer than 4d(d+ 1) have the integer decomposition property. In the first part of this paper we show that for lattice polytopes there is no diòerence betweenk- and (k+ 1)-convex-normality (fork≥ 3) and improve the bound to 2d(d+ 1). In the second part we extend the definition to pairs of polytopes. Given two rational polytopesPandQ, where the normal fan ofPis a reûnement of the normal fan ofQ, if every edge ePofPis at least d times as long as the corresponding face (edge or vertex) eQofQ, then.
A Prospective Case-control Study on the Comparison of Postoperative Pain Relief with Transdermal Diclofenac Patch and Injection Diclofenac
Authors: Das Subbhabrata 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
This is a randomized case-control study to know the efficacy of postoperative pain relief with transdermal diclofenac patch 200 mg and comparison with injection diclofenac sodium 75 mg.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 patients with head and neck cancer were included in the study and were randomly divided into two groups (A and B). Anesthetic procedure was standardized. A transdermal diclofenac diethylamine patch of 200 mg was applied to group A, just before the skin closure. And in group B, injection diclofenac was given 8 hourly. In group A, injection diclofenac was given on an as-needed basis whenever patient had visual analog scale (VAS) of pain > 5. Visual analog scale at 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th, and 24th hour postoperatively was recorded for 5 days. Injection diclofenac needed in groups A and B was recorded for five postoperative days and the mean number of injections of diclofenac per patient per day needed in both groups was calculated.

Results
In group A, we needed only 0.96 injections (diclofenac 75 mg)/patient on the first day and no injection was needed further, while in group B, we had to use three injections/day/ patient. Visual analog scale and pain relief were more steady and better in group A as compared with group B.

Conclusion
Transdermal patch of diclofenac diethylamine 200 mg is very effective in providing postoperative analgesia and is better than intravenous injection diclofenac 75 mg.

How to cite this article
Singh SP, Jain DK, Das S, Jain S. A Prospective Case-control Study on the Comparison of Postoperative Pain Relief with Transdermal Diclofenac Patch and Injection Diclofenac. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(4):129-133.
Influence of Superior Attachment of the Uncinate Process on the Presence of Agger Nasi
Authors: Shivaraj Rahul , Dsouza Cimona , Pinto George 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
The superior attachment of the uncinate process and the agger nasi cell are important landmarks in frontal sinus surgery and are in close relation with each other. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the two.

Study design
A retrospective radiological study.

Materials and methods
A total of 50 patients with features of chronic sinusitis were evaluated radiographically, i.e., by computed tomography. Hundred sides, i.e., 50 scans, were evaluated for superior attachment of the uncinate process and the presence of agger nasi. Chi-square test was used as a statistical tool for eliciting the relationship between the two.

Results
The agger nasi cell was found in 68 (68%) of 100 sides. The prevalence of agger nasi cell according to the superior attachment of uncinate process types was 64.1% for lamina papyracea, 79.41% for skull base, and 53.84% for middle turbinate. The presence of agger nasi cell according to the superior attachment types of uncinate process was not statistically significant (X2 = 3.5925, p = 0.16592).

Conclusion
The agger nasi cell was found in 68 sides (68%), and there was no statistical significance between the superior attachment of the uncinate process and the presence of agger nasi cell.

How to cite this article
Shivaraj R, Dsouza C, Pinto G. Influence of Superior Attachment of the Uncinate Process on the Presence of Agger Nasi. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(1):21-23.
Anatomical Variations in Osteomeatal Complex among Patients undergoing Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Narendrakumar V , Subramanian V 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAimsTo study the anatomical variations of osteomeatal complex and the importance of preoperative computed tomography (CT) in patients with chronic sinusitis undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery. We studied the different variations and their frequency of occurrence.Materials and methodsA total of 100 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were studied by nasal endoscopy, CT scanning, and at the time of definitive surgery, variations were recorded.ResultsThe frequency of occurrence of sinonasal anatomical variations was septal deviation in 76%, agger nasi cells in 71%, concha bullosa in 61%, medialized uncinate process in 48%, prominent bulla ethmoidalis in 41%, paradoxical middle turbinate in 33%, accessory maxillary ostium in 28%, frontal cell in 22%, intumescentia septi nasi anterior in 21%, lateralized uncinate in 15%, pneumatized uncinate process in 4%, Haller cells in 12%, and Onodi cells in 8%.ConclusionThe high incidence of variations emphasizes the need for proper preoperative assessment for safe and effective endoscopic sinus surgery.How to cite this articleNarendrakumar V, Subramanian V. Anatomical Variations in Osteomeatal Complex among Patients undergoing Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(1):28-32.
Amphotericin B Emulsion in Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis: Is It Most Effective?
Authors: Patro Sourabha K , Dash Anil K , Patro Subhranshu , Biswal Rudra Narayan 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Mucormycosis is a fatal infection of the immunocompromised individuals. It is unusual to affect healthy individuals. The main aim of this case report is to highlight the role of amphotericin B emulsion in this disease. The case was managed in our setup with surgical debridement and followed by amphotericin B emulsion for 4 weeks. We did not notice hypokalemia and renal function test abnormality in the entire course of the treatment. We present the case and the review of the literature of newer lipid complex amphotericin.

How to cite this article
Dash AK, Patro S, Patro SK, Gupta AK, Biswal RN. Amphotericin B Emulsion in Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis: Is It Most Effective? Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(1): 40-42.
Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of Nasal Cavity
Authors: Meher Ravi , Tandon Swati 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare neoplasm characterized by monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells in soft tissues. Extramedullary plasmacytomas constitute 3 to 5% of all plasma cell neoplasms. Most lesions occur in the head and neck, primarily in the upper aerodigestive tract, with 75% occurring in nose and paranasal sinuses. To the best of our knowledge, only few cases of sinonasal extramedullary plasmacytomas have been reported in the literature. It is important for otolaryngologists to acquire knowledge of this disease as 80 to 90% occur in the head and neck region. We report a rare case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the nasal cavity in a 60-year-old male managed by surgery and radiotherapy.

How to cite this article
Tandon S, Meher R, Chauhan A. Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of Nasal Cavity. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(1):50-52.
The Effect of Erythropoietin on Amylase Levels during Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats
Authors: Tsompos Constantinos , Panoulis Constantinos , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Zografos George , Papalois Apostolos 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The aim of this experimental study was to examine the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on rat model and particularly in an ischemia-reperfusion (IR) protocol. The effect of that molecule was studied biochemically using blood mean amylase levels.

Materials and methods
Forty rats of mean weight 247.7 gm were used in the study. Amylase levels were measured at 60 minutes (groups A and C) and at 120 minutes (groups B and D) of reperfusion. Erythropoietin was administered only in groups C and D.

Results
Erythropoietin administration kept non-significantly increased the A levels by 5.04 ± 6.12% (p = 0.3831). Reperfusion time kept non-significantly increased the A levels by 10.08 ± 5.95% (p = 0.0615). However, EPO administration and reperfusion time together produced a non-significant combined effect in keeping increased the A levels by 4.36 ± 3.65% (p = 0.2258)

Conclusion
Erythropoietin administration, reperfusion time and their interaction kept non-significantly short-term increased the amylase levels. The restorating effect of Epo is satisfactory, since it reduced the discrepancy from baseline values at non-significant level.

How to cite this article
Tsompos C, Panoulis C, Toutouzas K, Zografos G, Papalois A. The Effect of Erythropoietin on Amylase Levels during Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(1):18-21.
Every Knee is not Osteoarthritic, Spontaneous Avascular Necrosis of the Medial Tibial Condyle
Authors: Yadav Sanjay , Yadav Chandra Shekhar , Kumar Nishikant , Kumar Ashok 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Avascular necrosis (AVN) of tibial condyles is an uncommon cause of joint degeneration and it may mimic osteoarthritis. The differentiation between spontaneous and secondary osteonecrosis is important for appropriate management. We present here a case of spontaneous avascular necrosis of the medial tibial condyle causing sudden increase in pain; localization to the medial tibial condyle near joint line with exacerbation on weightbearing and varus deformity. We also aim to recapitulate briefly various types and currently available treatment options. In the present case, considering advanced stage of AVN and associated degenerative changes, total knee replacement (TKR) was performed successfully with good outcomes.

How to cite this article
Yadav S, Yadav CS, Kumar N, Kumar A. Every Knee is not Osteoarthritic, Spontaneous Avascular Necrosis of the Medial Tibial Condyle. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(1):33-35.
Robotic Management of Localized Adenocarcinoma Prostate with Large Vesical Calculus: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Bora Girdhar Singh , Dogra Prem Nath , Singh Prabhjot 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) accounts for more than 75% of cases of vesical calculi in patients aged above 50 years. There are special group of patients who have large vesical calculus with localized adenocarcinoma prostate requiring treatment for both bladder calculi and malignancy. We are sharing our technique of extraperitoneal robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RRP) and removal of vesical calculus in two patients of localized adenocarcinoma prostate with large vesical calculus (≥ 4 cm). Two patients with localized prostate cancer with large vesical stone underwent simultaneous cystolithotomy and extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy. Their perioperative period was uneventful. Large vesical stones with localized prostate cancer can be easily managed simultaneously by an experienced robotic surgeon.

How to cite this article
Bora GS, Dogra PN, Singh P. Robotic Management of Localized Adenocarcinoma Prostate with Large Vesical Calculus: A Report of Two Cases. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(1):36-38.
Intraarticular vs Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Reduction of Blood Loss in Primary Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Vijay Arunkumar , Nageswaran Jambu , Loganathan Senthil , Bedford Samuel Chittaranjan 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
To study the efficacy of topical intraarticular vs intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing blood loss following primary total knee replacement (TKR).

Materials and methods
A phase 3, single center, double blind and randomized controlled study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. A prospective study of 100 patients lasted from July 2013 to July 2015.

Results
Postoperative transfusion rates were zero in both the groups (intraarticular and intravenous). The mean 48-hour drain collected is 285.6 ml in group A (intraarticular), while it is 325.8 ml in group B (intravenous); the mean drop in hemoglobin is 1.7 gm/dl in group A (intraarticular) while it is 2.4 gm/dl in group B (intravenous).

Conclusion
This study shows that topical intraarticular administration of TXA has better efficacy than intravenous TXA in controlling postoperative blood loss following primary uncomplicated TKR with no significant complications.

How to cite this article
Vijay A, Nageswaran J, Loganathan S, Bedford SC. Intraarticular vs Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Reduction of Blood Loss in Primary Total Knee Replacement. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(2):64-68.
A Rare Case of Gastric Diverticula on Posterior Wall associated with Cholelithiasis
Authors: Challa SR , Chinamilli Jaahnavi , Langati Rajeshwar Reddy 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Gastric diverticulum is an extremely rare surgical condition. Most patients are asymptomatic, hence, the diagnosis is more often incidentally made than otherwise. They are usually congenital, solitary and are located on posterior wall and the lesser curvature. Patients presenting are usually between 20 and 50 years of age. Gastric diverticula harbor risk of the same complications as diverticula elsewhere in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as bleeding, diverticulitis, obstruction, perforation, ectopic tissue, and malignant transformation. We present a rare case of a 48-year-old female with gastric diverticula in the posterior wall of fundus of stomach with gallstone disease which was managed surgically and a brief review of literature.

How to cite this article
Challa SR, Chinamilli J, Langati RR. A Rare Case of Gastric Diverticula on Posterior Wall associated with Cholelithiasis. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(2):100-102.
Primary Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Devaraj Uma , Vellaisamy Gnanapriya , Rout Pritilata , Crasta Julian 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma lung (HAL) is an extremely rare type of extrahepatic adenocarcinoma with morphological similarity to hepatocellular carcinoma. We report a case of 59 years male smoker who presented with anorexia, weight loss and cough. Chest X-ray revealed a homogenous opacity in the left upper and mid zone. Computed tomography (CT) chest showed a left upper lobe mass with enlarged hilar lymph nodes. Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was normal. Guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the mass revealed a few atypical cells. Endobronchial biopsy showed sheets of polygonal cells with coarsely clumped chromatin, eosinophilic nucleoli and abundant eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm. The neoplastic cells were positive for hepatocyte-1, Carcinogenic embryonic antigen (CEA), Cytokeratin 7 (CK-7) and cytoplasmic positivity for thyroid transcription factor (TTF-1). After 3 months, the tumor had grown significantly. Due to its aggressive behavior, early and accurate diagnosis is necessary.

How to cite this article
Vellaisamy G, Rout P, Crasta J, Devaraj U. Primary Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Lung. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(2):103-106.
Comparison of Two Methods: Problem-based Learning vs Lecture in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Workshops
Authors: Assadi Fardin , Khoshnevisasl Parisa , Sadeghzadeh Mansor , Kamali Korosh 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare problembased learning (PBL) with lecture presentation in education of clinical medical students in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) workshops.

Materials and methods
This crossover interventional study was conducted on clinical medical students in pediatric disease department of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Fortyfour students were randomly divided into two groups and two subjects in IMCI courses were chosen. One of the topics was presented as lecture for the first group of students and as PBL for the second group. The second topic was presented as PBL for the first group and as lecture for the second group of students.

Results
The students’ scores in intervention groups for both topics of “loss of consciousness” and “management of diarrheal diseases” were significantly higher than controls. Each student got significantly higher score in subject presented as PBL. Students preferred PBL compared to lecture for increasing their motivation, a higher quality of education, knowledge retention, and class attractiveness.

Discussion
Besides the attractiveness of PBL, it seems that this method is more successful than lecture in increasing student's knowledge. We propose to use this method in workshops and medical education in clinic and hospital wards.

How to cite this article
Assadi F, Khoshnevisasl P, Sadeghzadeh M,Kamali K. Comparison of Two Methods: Problem-based Learning vs Lecture in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Workshops. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(3):123-126
Biotechnological Inventions and Patent Law: National and International Perspective
Authors: Rattan Jyoti 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
In the knowledge society of 21st century, intellectual property rights (IPRs) are real assets and much more valuable and important than are materialistic assets like house, motor car, and so on. Patents are given for inventions which fulfill few important conditions, such as novelty, inventiveness, industrial application, and written description. Significantly, biotechnological invention involves monopoly over life or living beings or living processes, and morally and ethically these are considered to involve tinkering with life or nature. However, today, biotechnological inventions are patentable because of their benefits and utility to the industry. This article is a humble attempt to examine international and national law and judicial decisions relating to patents and biotechnological inventions from a theoretical perspective.

How to cite this article
Rattan J. Biotechnological Inventions and Patent Law: National and International Perspective. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(3):132-135.
Pictorial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Common Sports Injuries of Knee
Authors: Khandelwal Niranjan , Sinha Anindita , Dhillon Mandeep , Prakash Mahesh 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often modality of choice to evaluate the sports related injuries involving knee joint. It is important for the clinicians to identify the common injuries pattern seen on MRI for quick management.

How to cite this article
Prakash M, Sinha A, Dhillon M, Khandelwal N. Pictorial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Common Sports Injuries of Knee. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(3):151-155.