bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Effects of Culture Media on Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Bangalore Megha Prakash , Mukherjee Odity , Adhikarla Syama , Panicker Mitradas M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryCulture conditions play an important role in regulating the genomic integrity of HPSCs. We report that HPSCs cultured in Essential 8 (E8) and mTeSR, two widely used media for off-feeder culturing of HPSCs, had many fold higher levels of ROS and higher mitochondrial potential than cells cultured in KSR containing media. HPSCs also exhibited increased levels of 8-hydroxyguanosine, phospho-histone-H2A.X and p53, as well as increased sensitivity to γ-irradiation in these two media. HPSCs in E8 and mTeSR had increased incidence of alterations in their DNA sequence, reflecting genotoxic stress, in addition to changes in nucleolar morphology and number. Supplementing E8 and mTeSR with antioxidants provided only a partial rescue. Our results suggest that it is essential to determine cellular ROS levels in designing culture media as it affects the genomic integrity of HPSCs and will limit their use in studying development and in regenerative medicine.HighlightsCulture media can dramatically alter nuclear and nucleolar morphologyHPSCs in E8 and mTeSR media have increased ROS levels and mitochondrial potentialThere is increased nuclei acid damage in HPSCs cultured in E8 and mTeSR mediaNucleolar morphology of HPSCs can act as a “stress reporter”
Single Cell Transcriptome Conservation in Cryopreserved Cells and Tissues
Authors: Guillaumet-Adkins Amy , Rodríguez-Esteban Gustavo , Mereu Elisabetta , Villanueva Alberto , Vidal August , Gut Marta , Gut Ivo , Heyn Holger 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA variety of single cell RNA preparation procedures have been described. So far these protocols require fresh starting material, hindering complex study designs. We describe a sample preservation method that maintains transcripts in viable single cells and so allows to disconnect time and place of sampling from subsequent processing steps. To demonstrate the potential, we sequenced single cell transcriptomes from >1,000 fresh and conserved cells. Our results confirmed that the conservation process did not alter transcriptional profiles. This substantially broadens the scope of applications in single cell transcriptomics and could lead to a paradigm shift in future study designs.
Low activity microstates during sleep
Authors: Miyawaki Hiroyuki , Billeh Yazan N. , Diba Kamran 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA better understanding of sleep requires evaluating the distinct activity patterns of the brain during sleep. We performed extracellular recordings of large populations of hippocampal region CA1 neurons in freely moving rats across sleep and waking states. Throughout non-REM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep, we observed periods of diminished oscillatory and population spiking activity lasting on the order of seconds, which we refer to as “LOW” activity sleep states. LOW states featured enhanced firing in a subset of “LOW-active” cells, and greater firing in putative interneurons compared to DOWN/OFF states. LOW activity sleep was preceded and followed by increased sharp-wave ripple (SWR) activity. We also observed decreased slow-wave activity (SWA) and sleep spindles in the hippocampus local-field potential (LFP) and neocortical electroencephalogram (EEG) upon LOW onset, but only a partial rebound immediately after LOW. LOW states demonstrated LFP, EEG, and EMG patterns consistent with sleep, but frequently transitioned into microarousals (MAs) and showed EMG and LFP spectral differences from previously described small-amplitude irregular activity (SIA) during quiet waking. Their likelihood increased over the course of sleep, particularly following REM sleep. To confirm that LOW is a brain-wide phenomenon, we analyzed data from the entorhinal cortex of rats, medial prefrontal cortex, and anterior thalamus of mice, obtained from crcns.org and found that LOW states corresponded to markedly diminished activity simultaneously in all of these regions. We propose that LOW states are an important microstate within non-REM sleep that provide respite from high-activity sleep, and may serve a restorative function.
Direct correlation between motile behavior and protein abundance in single cells
Authors: Dufour Yann S , Gillet Sébastien , Frankel Nicholas W , Weibel Douglas B , Emonet Thierry 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how stochastic molecular fluctuations affect cell behavior requires the quantification of both behavior and protein numbers in the same cells. Here, we combine automated microscopy within situhydrogel polymerization to measure single-cell protein expression after tracking swimming behavior. We characterized the distribution of non-genetic phenotypic diversity inEscherichia colimotility, which affects single-cell exploration. By expressing fluorescently tagged chemotaxis proteins (CheR and CheB) at different levels, we quantitatively mapped motile phenotype (tumble bias) to protein numbers using thousands of single-cell measurements. Our results disagreed with established models until we incorporated the role of CheB in receptor deamidation and the slow fluctuations in receptor methylation. Beyond refining models, our central finding is that changes in numbers of CheR and CheB affect the population mean tumble bias and its variance independently. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the degree of phenotypic diversity of a population by adjusting the global level of expression of CheR and CheB while keeping their ratio constant, which, as shown in previous studies, confers functional robustness to the system. Since genetic control of protein expression is heritable, our results suggest that non-genetic diversity in motile behavior is selectable, supporting earlier hypotheses that such diversity confers a selective advantage.
Insights into mortality patterns and causes of death through a process point of view model
Authors: Anderson James J. , Li Ting , Sharrow David J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractProcess point of view models of mortality, such as the Strehler-Mildvan and stochastic vitality models, represent death in terms of the loss of survival capacity through challenges and dissipation. Drawing on hallmarks of aging, we link these concepts to candidate biological mechanisms through a framework that defines death as challenges to vitality where distal factors defined the age-evolution of vitality and proximal factors define the probability distribution of challenges. To illustrate the process point of view, we hypothesize that the immune system is a mortality nexus, characterized by two vitality streams: increasing vitality representing immune system development and immunosenescence representing vitality dissipation. Proximal challenges define three mortality partitions: juvenile and adult extrinsic mortalities and intrinsic adult mortality. Model parameters, generated from Swedish mortality data (1751-2010), exhibit biologically meaningful correspondences to economic, health and cause-of-death patterns. The model characterizes the 20thcentury epidemiological transition mainly as a reduction in extrinsic mortality resulting from a shift from high magnitude disease challenges on individuals at all vitality levels to low magnitude stress challenges on low vitality individuals. Of secondary importance, intrinsic mortality was described by a gradual reduction in the rate of loss of vitality presumably resulting from reduction in the rate of immunosenescence. Extensions and limitations of a distal/proximal framework for characterizing more explicit causes of death, e.g. the young adult mortality hump or cancer in old age are discussed.
The bridge between ontological concepts and empirical evidence: an interview with Rob Stones
Authors: Stones Rob , Jack Lisa 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to share interdisciplinary ideas about the purpose of social theory in empirical research.

Design/methodology/approach
The formal interview took place in front of an audience at the Strong Structuration Theory and Management Research workshop at IAE de Paris, Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, on 10 May 2016. A recording was made, transcribed, and then edited. Elements from a recorded lecture on the same day are also included. A conversational format is retained to enhance the sense of interdisciplinary dialogue that characterises the research project.

Findings
The use of SST as a conceptual methodology is explained, and the use of agent’s conduct and agent’s context analyses is elucidated providing pointers regarding how accounting research can be developed further by basing the analysis in an understanding of the status and adequacy of knowledge on which people act to produce and reproduce structure.

Originality/value
The value of the interview is to provide insights into the process of empirical research and conceptualisation, which are likely to be particularly helpful for early career researchers.
Understanding management accounting change using strong structuration frameworks
Authors: Makrygiannakis Georgios , Jack Lisa 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to suggest a strong structuration-based framework for the study of management accounting change.

Design/methodology/approach
A retrospective field study was designed to investigate the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on budgeting and control practices of Greek hospitality organisations. Conduct analysis addresses agents’ perceptions of the changes upon themselves. Context analysis explores the changing context, and how the agents modified their in-situ control structures accordingly. The framework is demonstrated through one case study.

Findings
The agents in the case, triggered by the crisis, gradually come to criticise the way they practice budgeting. The first response is to practice budgeting more normatively, but later they criticise and modify these norms. As their formal mentalities co-mediated action, variance management became proactive rather than reactive. Variations in the ways agents draw upon structures – unreflectively or critically – and on how they act to reproduce structures – routinely or strategically – characterise change in management accounting practice. Agents’ reasoning and conduct leading to action is local, and these local changes in conduct and context are significant in understanding management accounting change.

Originality/value
This framework for studying management accounting change balances structural conditions of action, with action and interaction. It can be used to study how, why, and by whom institutionalised management accounting practices may change.
Store brand evaluative process in an international context
Authors: Gómez-Suárez Mónica , Quinones Myriam , Yagúe Maria Jesús 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationships between the different phases of the store brand (SB) evaluative process (i.e. attitude, preference and purchase intention) in an international context and to investigate how each of them is influenced by selected perceptual characteristics of consumers, psychographic consumer traits and product evaluative criteria.

Design/methodology/approach
– The data were obtained from a survey of 1,118 shoppers from six different countries. Consecutive chained multiple and logistic regression models that incorporated the main antecedents into each stage were applied.

Findings
– The main results are as follows: first, quality inferences based on brand image and reputation have a significant positive effect on SB attitude; second, shoppers’ propensity to explore and their risk perceptions are antecedents of SB preference rather than SB attitude; and finally, impulsiveness has a significant positive impact on SB purchase intention.

Practical implications
– The results can assist retailers in developing strategies according to the specific phase of their customers’ evaluative process: promoting expert recommendations and opinion-leader testimonials in the attitude formation stage, investing in innovation in the preference formation stage and improving the overall shopping experience in the purchase intention stage.

Originality/value
– This paper extends research on the consumer decision-making process by empirically demonstrating that SB preference is a mediating variable between SB attitude and SB purchase intention. From a practical perspective, this work involves an extensive empirical study that aggregates data from shoppers across six Western countries. This multinational sample offers a high degree of external validity and generalisation of the results obtained.
Human capital and the decision to exploit innovative opportunity
Authors: Bayon Manoj Chandra , Lafuente Esteban , Vaillant Yancy 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the direct and interaction effect of individuals’ human capital input and human capital output in the form of entrepreneurial self-confidence on the decision to exploit innovative opportunities.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using a strategic entrepreneurship perspective, the authors suggest that when individuals with high human capital decide to exploit opportunities they do so by thinking and acting strategically. Strategic action(s) involves pursuing competitive advantages that enable a new venture to get a foothold in the market. The authors argue that such competitive advantages arise from the exploitation of innovative opportunities and individuals with high human capital are more likely to exploit innovative opportunities when they develop entrepreneurial self-confidence. The empirical analysis is based on a random sample of individuals from the adult population who are in the process of creating a new venture.

Findings
– The results suggest that although human capital inputs and human capital output in the form of entrepreneurial self-confidence are significant factors in influencing the decision to exploit innovative opportunities, human capital inputs interact in different ways with human capital output in influencing this decision.

Research limitations/implications
– The main limitation of the authors’ study is the use of single item measures as indicators of innovative opportunity and human capital output (entrepreneurial self-confidence).

Practical implications
– From a macro-perspective, the main implication of the study is that it is possible to assess the quality of entrepreneurship in an economy through individuals’ human capital and the proportion of innovative opportunities in the economy. Moreover, because not all types of human capital inputs influences the exploitation of innovative opportunities, policy makers can be selective in their policy interventions in spawning quality entrepreneurship in their economy.

Originality/value
– Based on population-level data the authors’ study provides empirical evidence of the nature of entrepreneurial decisions being at the earliest phases of the entrepreneurial process. The study shows the importance of founders’ human capital inputs and outputs in influencing the quality of entrepreneurship in an economy. Moreover, the study extends the understanding the individual-opportunity nexus in promoting innovative entrepreneurship in an economy.
Unfolding critical events and strategic decisions: the role of spatial and temporal cognition
Authors: Haider Sajjad , Mariotti Francesca 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine strategic decisions surrounding critical events to show how the decision-making processes evolve and how the dominant logic changesvis-à-visthose decisions. Further, this study explores the processes of managerial decision making focusing on spatial and temporal cognition dimensions.Design/methodology/approach– The methodology adopted in this study is a case study using the retrospective processual analysis approach. Data were collected using both primary and secondary sources. In all, 40 years of secondary data on key critical events and decision making were collected using a range of secondary sources. Those events were further examined using 49 in-depth semi structured interviews.Findings– The findings of this study explain the relationship between operant conditions, strategic actions and outcomes of strategic decisions by highlighting the significance of knowledge strategy, strategic agility and intentionality in shaping and reshaping managers’ dominant logic. Further, the authors show that the dominant coalition, among other factors, plays an important role in building decision-making capacity and in the formation and transformation of an existing dominant logic.Research limitations/implications– The study identified a number of limitations. First, the issue of generalization as the data were collected from only two case study companies. Second, in some cases respondents were asked to respond to research questions using “memory of the events” which took place a long time ago, hence the issue of credibility. Further, sometimes respondents reported information collected through hearsay. To overcome the limitations of this research, the authors made all efforts to ensure that the data collected were reliable and credible such as by using diverse data sources, confirmation of events at multiple level and personal observations.Practical implications– The study identifies and explains a number of factors which influence decision making. The authors also present the revised dominant logic model which can act as a tool in managerial decision making.Originality/value– The paper shows how managerial decision making changes knowledge strategy, which in turn leads to changes in existing dominant logic or the creation of a new dominant logic, hence looking at the issues of decision making using an evolutionary perspective. Second, the paper empirically tests and explains the relationship between intentionality, actions and organizational outcomes using spatial and temporal learning. Finally, the use of the longitudinal retrospective processual analysis and events analysis, is a novel way of understanding a particular phenomenon.
The Impact of Nursing Home Pay‐for‐Performance on Quality and Medicare Spending: Results from the Nursing Home Value‐Based Purchasing Demonstration
Authors: Grabowski David C. , Stevenson David G. , Caudry Daryl J. , O'Malley A. James , Green Lisa H. , Doherty Julia A. , Frank Richard G. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the Nursing Home Value‐Based Purchasing demonstration on quality of care and Medicare spending.Data Sources/Study SettingAdministrative and qualitative data from Arizona, New York, and Wisconsin nursing homes over the base‐year (2008–2009) and 3‐year (2009–2012) demonstration period.Study DesignNursing homes were randomized to the intervention in New York, while the comparison facilities were constructed via propensity score matching in Arizona and Wisconsin. We used a difference‐in‐difference analysis to compare outcomes across the base‐year relative to outcomes in each of the three demonstration years. To provide context and assist with interpretation of results, we also interviewed staff members at participating facilities.Principal FindingsMedicare savings were observed in Arizona in the first year only and Wisconsin for the first 2 years; no savings were observed in New York. The demonstration did not systematically impact any of the quality measures. Discussions with nursing home administrators suggested that facilities made few, if any, changes in response to the demonstration, leading us to conclude that the observed savings likely reflected regression to the mean rather than true savings.ConclusionThe Federal nursing home pay‐for‐performance demonstration had little impact on quality or Medicare spending.
Validity and reliability of the Bristol Stool Form Scale in healthy adults and patients with diarrhoea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Blake M. R. , Raker J. M. , Whelan K. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) is a 7‐point scale used extensively in clinical practice and research for stool form measurement, which has undergone limited validity and reliability testing.AimTo determine the validity and reliability of the BSFS in measuring stool form in healthy adults and patients with diarrhoea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS‐D).MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐nine healthy volunteers provided a stool sample and used the BSFS to classify stool form, which was compared with measured stool water content and with values from 19 patients with IBS‐D. Eighty‐six volunteers used the BSFS to classify 26 stool models to determine accuracy and reliability.ResultsVolunteers’ classifications of stool type correlated with stool water (Spearman's rho = 0.491, P < 0.001), which increased in hard (Types 1–2), normal (Types 3–5) and loose stools (Types 6–7) (P < 0.001). The BSFS detected differences in stool form between healthy volunteers (mean 3.7, s.d. 1.5) and IBS‐D patients (mean 5.0, s.d. 1.2) (P < 0.001). Overall, 977/1204 (81%) stool models were correctly classified (substantial accuracy, κ = 0.78), although <80% of Types 2, 3, 5 and 6 were classified correctly. On 852/1118 (76%) occasions, volunteers classified covert duplicate models to the same stool type (substantial reliability, κ = 0.72), but with only moderate reliability for Types 2 (63%, κ = 0.57) and 3 (62%, κ = 0.55).ConclusionsThe BSFS demonstrated substantial validity and reliability, although difficulties arose around clinical decision points (Types 2, 3, 5, 6) that warrant investigation in larger clinical populations. Potential for improving validity and reliability through modifications to the BSFS or training in its use should be explored.
Normal fault evolution and coupled landscape response: examples from the Southern Apennines, Italy
Authors: Roda‐Boluda Duna C. , Whittaker Alexander C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe present new data addressing the evolution, activity and geomorphic impact of three normal faults in the Southern Apennines: the Vallo di Diano, East Agri and Monti della Maddalena faults. We show that these faults have minimum total throws of ca. 1000–2000 m, and throw rates of ca. 0.7–1 mm year−1 for at least the last ca. 18 ka. We demonstrate that for the Vallo di Diano and East Agri faults, the landscape is effectively recording tectonics, with relief, channel and catchment slopes varying along fault strike in the same manner as normal fault activity does, with little apparent influence of lithology. We therefore use these data to reconstruct the time‐integrated history of fault interaction and growth. From the distribution of knickpoints on the footwall channels, we infer two episodes of base level change, which we attribute to fault interaction episodes. We reconstruct the amount of throw accumulated after each of these events, and the segments involved in each, from the fault throw profiles, and use fault interaction theory to estimate the magnitude of the perturbations and past throw rates. We estimate that fault linkage events took place 0.7 ± 0.2 Ma and 1.4 ± 0.3 Ma in the Vallo di Diano fault, and 1 ± 0.1 in the East Agri Fault, and that both faults likely started their activity between 3 and 3.5 Ma. These fault linkage scenarios are consistent with the observed knickpoint heights. This method for reconstructing fault evolution could potentially be applied for any normal faults for which there is information about throw and throw rates, and in which channels are transiently responding to tectonics.