bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderate‐ to long‐term therapeutic outcomes of treated aggressive periodontitis patients without regular supportive care
Authors: Goh V. , Nihalani D. , Yeung K. W. S. , Corbet E. F. , Leung W. K. 
Published: November 2017

Background and ObjectiveRisk for deterioration in treated aggressive periodontitis (AgP) individuals remained unclear. This retrospective cohort study investigated 7‐26 years of periodontal outcomes and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of young adults with advanced periodontitis.Material and MethodsEighty‐nine previously treated patients with AgP were re‐examined. Clinical and radiographic parameters before treatment discontinuation and at re‐examination were compared. OHRQoL at re‐call was assessed with the short‐form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14S).ResultsNone of the subjects adhered to suggested periodontal therapy and maintenance after discharge. Mean percentage of sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥6 mm at re‐examination was 4.5 ± 5.9%. A total of 182 teeth had been lost over time. Tooth loss rate was 0.14/patient/year. From 68 subjects with documented favorable treatment outcomes, higher percentage of sites with PPD ≥6 mm at re‐examination and higher radiographic proximal bone loss was associated with current smoking status. Patients with AgP with <20 teeth at re‐call had worse OHRQoL than those with ≥20 teeth. Patients with higher full‐mouth mean PPD also reported poorer OHRQoL.ConclusionTreatment in patients with AgP who smoke and neglect proper supportive care, risk periodontal disease progression. Substantial tooth loss and higher full‐mouth mean PPD led to poorer OHRQoL in this cohort.
Oxygen delivery from the cerebral microvasculature to tissue is governed by a single time constant of approximately 6 seconds
Authors: Payne Stephen John , Lucas Claire 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe cerebral microvasculature plays a key role in the coupling between cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Although experimental imaging techniques now allow for finely detailed measurements of flow and oxygenation, within humans measurements remain confined to a voxel‐level scale, of order 1 mm. Mathematical models are thus key in interpreting such data. However, these can be highly complicated, due to the large number of vessels and the nonlinearities in the governing equations.MethodsWe thus propose here a new model of the cerebral microvasculature and show how its behavior can be simplified based on the order of magnitude arguments.ResultsThe resulting model shows a dependence upon just two time constants, termed “slow” and “metabolic” time constants; the tissue oxygenation response can be characterized by convolution of the difference between the fractional flow and metabolic responses with a single exponential, with time constant equal to half the ratio of tissue volume to blood flow multiplied by the ratio of effective oxygen solubility in tissue and blood.ConclusionsThe overall response time for the whole network is approximately 6 seconds; this value indicates that the flow response to increases in metabolic activity cannot be driven solely by changes in tissue oxygenation.
Development, content validity, and cross‐cultural adaptation of a patient‐reported outcome measure for real‐time symptom assessment in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Vork L. , Keszthelyi D. , Mujagic Z. , Kruimel J. W. , Leue C. , Pontén I. , Törnblom H. , Simrén M. , Albu‐Soda A. , Aziz Q. , Corsetti M. , Holvoet L. , Tack J. , Rao S. S. , van Os J. , Quetglas E. G. , Drossman D. A. , Masclee A. A. M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundEnd‐of‐day questionnaires, which are considered the gold standard for assessing abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are influenced by recall and ecological bias. The experience sampling method (ESM) is characterized by random and repeated assessments in the natural state and environment of a subject, and herewith overcomes these limitations. This report describes the development of a patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) based on the ESM principle, taking into account content validity and cross‐cultural adaptation.MethodsFocus group interviews with IBS patients and expert meetings with international experts in the fields of neurogastroenterology & motility and pain were performed in order to select the items for the PROM. Forward‐and‐back translation and cognitive interviews were performed to adapt the instrument for the use in different countries and to assure on patients’ understanding with the final items.Key resultsFocus group interviews revealed 42 items, categorized into five domains: physical status, defecation, mood and psychological factors, context and environment, and nutrition and drug use. Experts reduced the number of items to 32 and cognitive interviewing after translation resulted in a few slight adjustments regarding linguistic issues, but not regarding content of the items.Conclusions and InferencesAn ESM‐based PROM, suitable for momentary assessment of IBS symptom patterns was developed, taking into account content validity and cross‐cultural adaptation. This PROM will be implemented in a specifically designed smartphone application and further validation in a multicenter setting will follow.
Effects of meal palatability on postprandial sensations
Authors: Pribic T. , Hernandez L. , Nieto A. , Malagelada C. , Accarino A. , Azpiroz F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundFood palatability has been shown to influence satiation and meal consumption; our aim was to determine its effects on postprandial satisfaction, ie digestive well‐being (primary outcome), and homeostatic sensations (satiety, fullness).MethodsRandomized, cross‐over trial comparing the postprandial responses to conventional (potato‐cheese cream followed by vanilla cream) vs unconventional test meals (mixture of both creams) with identical composition and physical characteristics (color, texture, consistency, temperature) but distinctively different palatability. In 22 non‐obese healthy men sensations were measured on 10 cm scales before and during the 60‐min postprandial period (−5 to +5 score scales for palatability, satiety, well‐being, and mood, and 0‐10 score scales for fullness and discomfort). Comparisons between meals were performed with a 2‐way repeated measures ANCOVA with premeal data as co‐variate.Key ResultsAs compared to the palatable conventional meal, the unconventional meal was rated unpalatable (−1.8 ± 0.4 score vs 2.8 ± 0.1 score potato cream and 2.9 ± 0.2 vanilla cream; P < .001 for both), induced significantly more fullness sensation [meal effect F (1, 19) = 7.389; P = .014] but had less effect on digestive well‐being [meal effect F (1, 19) = 47.016; P < .001] and mood [meal‐effect F (1, 19) = 6.609; P = .019]. The difference in satiety was not significantly different.Conclusion & InferencesMeal palatability influences the postprandial experience: it bears a direct relation to the hedonic response (well‐being/mood) but an inverse relation to homeostatic sensations (fullness). These relations could be applicable to influence eating behavior, because at equal conditions, more palatable meals induce less fullness but more satisfaction, and vice‐versa.
The cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) NAC transcription factor (FSN1) as a positive regulator participates in controlling secondary cell wall biosynthesis and modification of fibers
Authors: Zhang Jie , Huang Geng‐Qing , Zou Dan , Yan Jing‐Qiu , Li Yang , Hu Shan , Li Xue‐Bao 
Published: November 2017

Summary

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibers are the highly elongated and thickened single‐cell trichomes on the seed epidermis. However, little is known about the molecular base of fiber cell wall thickening in detail.

In this study, a cotton NAC transcription factor (GhFSN1) that is specifically expressed in secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening fibers was functionally characterized. The GhFSN1 transgenic cotton plants were generated to study how FSN1 regulates fiber SCW formation.

Up‐regulation of GhFSN1 expression in cotton resulted in an increase in SCW thickness of fibers but a decrease in fiber length. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that GhFSN1 activates or represses numerous downstream genes. GhFSN1 has the ability to form homodimers, binds to its promoter to activate itself, and might be degraded by the ubiquitin‐mediated proteasome pathway. The direct targets of GhFSN1 include the fiber SCW‐related GhDUF231L1, GhKNL1, GhMYBL1, GhGUT1 and GhIRX12 genes. GhFSN1 binds directly to a consensus sequence (GhNBS), (C/T)(C/G/T)TN(A/T)(G/T)(A/C/G)(A/G)(A/T/G)(A/T/G)AAG, which exists in the promoters of these SCW‐related genes.

Our data demonstrate that GhFSN1 acts as a positive regulator in controlling SCW formation of cotton fibers by activating its downstream SCW‐related genes. Thus, these findings give us novel insights into comprehensive understanding of GhFSN1 function in fiber development.
Investigating metabolic regulation using targeted neuromodulation
Authors: Devarakonda Kavya , Stanley Sarah 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe central nervous system (CNS) plays a vital role in regulating energy balance and metabolism. Over the last 50 years, studies in animal models have allowed us to identify critical CNS regions involved in these processes and even crucial cell populations. Now, techniques for genetically and anatomically targeted manipulation of specific neural populations using light (optogenetic), ligands (chemogenetic), or magnetic fields (radiogenetic/magnetogenetic) allow detailed investigation of circuits involved in metabolic regulation. In this review, we provide a brief overview of recent studies using light‐ and magnetic field–regulated neural activity to investigate the neural circuits contributing to metabolic control.
Pediatric severity of alopecia tool
Authors: Bernardis Elena , Nukpezah Jonathan , Li Ping , Christensen Theresa , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Severity of Alopecia Tool serves as a tool for alopecia research and a clinical guideline for following progression of disease. The original Severity of Alopecia Tool score does not take into account pediatric age groups. As new clinical trials for alopecia areata include more children, a more accurate tool should be available for this population. By collecting images from patients 2‐21 years of age and aligning the hair‐bearing regions of the scalp, we created an adaptation of the Severity of Alopecia Tool for scoring hair loss percentage of the top, parietal, and occipital scalp in individuals 2‐5, 6‐11, and 12‐21 years of age.
Restraining Gulliver: Institutional reform and the strengthening of state capacity and compliance
Authors: Nolan García Kimberly A. , Aspinwall Mark 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGovernance in the developing world is fraught with problems of corruption, weak institutions, and inadequate expertise among bureaucrats. Failing to enforce laws and regulations is one way in which these problems manifest themselves. In this paper, we evaluate changes across three institutions charged with oversight or administration of labor justice in Mexico. We find that both autonomy from the executive and professionalization are necessary to improve compliance with labor law over time. Our study shows that professionalization can occur in several ways, including through training, merit hiring, and introducing experienced external administrators. The implications of the study are that reforms that increase the independence and legal authority of oversight institutions should be complemented by efforts to strengthen the professionalism of bureaucrats.
Hemodialysis in neonates and infants: A systematic review
Authors: Raina Rupesh , Vijayaraghavan Prashanth , Kapur Gaurav , Sethi Sidharth Kumar , Krishnappa Vinod , Kumar Deepak , Bunchman Timothy E. , Bolen Shari D , Chand Deepa 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHemodialysis (HD) in neonates and infants poses unique challenges due to high risks of mortality attributable to obligatory small blood flow volumes. Although HD is often necessary in neonates, its effectiveness and feasibility are poorly understood. The aim of this review is to describe in detail the few studies reporting on HD in neonates and infants (<12 months old) and then dissertate more broadly on the subject with an emphasis on recent innovations with potential to overcome traditional barriers for effective HD in this population. We detail the clinical characteristics, outcomes, technical considerations, maintenance and complications associated with HD, and provide guidance for addressing challenges associated with HD in this population.
A systematic review of incentives in blood donation
Authors: Chell Kathleen , Davison Tanya E. , Masser Barbara , Jensen Kyle 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDIncentives are often used to enhance the effectiveness of recruitment and retention campaigns targeting blood donors. However, the degree to which incentives succeed in attracting and facilitating repeat donation is unclear. A systematic literature review, following PRISMA guidelines, investigated the existing empirical evidence regarding the use of monetary and nonmonetary incentives within blood donation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA comprehensive search of relevant databases identified a total of 71 papers for inclusion in the review for defining and operationalizing incentives (Objective 1), of which nine papers empirically investigated attitudes toward incentives (Objective 2), 31 papers investigated the impact on blood donation behavior (Objective 3), and eight papers investigated the impact on blood safety (Objective 4).RESULTSOverall, research into the use of incentives in blood donation is limited, characterized by comparatively few studies, predominantly focused on whole blood donors, that are confounded by current operating context (paid or voluntary). No incentive has been identified that all segments of the nondonor and donor panel report positive attitudes toward, that has a positive impact on behavior, and that has no negative impact on blood safety. Certain incentives (i.e., discounts, tickets, gifts, and paid time off work) have the strongest evidence base for potential inclusion within voluntary nonremunerated (VNR) donation systems.CONCLUSIONDue to the limited nature of the existing literature (particularly for apheresis donors) and inconsistencies observed within the results, additional research investigating the likely impact of introducing (or removing) monetary or nonmonetary incentives in VNR donor recruitment or retention is essential.
Presumptive keratoglobus in a great horned owl (Bubo virginianus)
Authors: Lau Rachael K. , Moresco Anneke , Woods Sarah J. , Reilly Christopher M. , Hawkins Michelle G. , Murphy Christopher J. , Hollingsworth Steven R. , Hacker Dennis , Freeman Kate S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA juvenile to young adult, male, great horned owl (Bubo virginianus,GHOW) was presented to the wildlife rehabilitation hospital at Lindsay Wildlife Museum (WRHLWM) due to trauma to the right patagium from barbed wire entanglement. On presentation, both corneas were irregular, dry, and no movement of the third eyelid was noted. A severe corneal enlargement/globoid appearance was the predominant ophthalmic feature. The fundus was normal in both eyes (OU). Over the course of several days, both corneas developed edema combined with further dessication at the ocular surface associated with diffuse dorsal fluorescein stain uptake. Repeated ophthalmic examinations found normal intraocular pressures and an inability to move the third eyelid over the enlarged corneas. The bird was deemed nonreleasable due to severe wing damage and poor prognosis associated with eye abnormalities and was humanely euthanized. Postmortem CT, enucleation, and histopathology were performed to evaluate the ocular anatomical abnormality and confirm the suspected diagnosis of keratoglobus. This GHOW represents the first reported case of presumptive keratoglobus in a raptor.
Use of direct near‐infrared fluorescent lymphography for thoracoscopic thoracic duct identification in 15 dogs with chylothorax
Authors: Steffey Michele A. , Mayhew Philipp D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and assess techniques of intraoperative near‐infrared fluorescence lymphography (NIRFL) using indocyanine green (ICG) for lymphatic duct identification during thoracoscopic thoracic duct (TD) ligation in dogs.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsDogs (n = 15) with naturally occurring chylothorax that underwent TD ligation.MethodsMedical records of dogs treated with thoracoscopic TD ligation in which NIRFL was utilized for intraoperative TD identification were reviewed. Data retrieved included CT lymphography (CTL) and surgical data, fluorophore dose and injection site, and timing and quality of operative TD identification.ResultsPreoperative CTL was successful in 13/15 dogs and operative NIRFL was successful in 15/15 dogs. Popliteal lymph node injection achieved successful NIRFL within ≤10 minutes in 7/11 in which it was attempted. TDs identified by NIRFL imaging correlated with TDs identified by preoperative CTL in 12/13 cases in which CTL was achieved. In 1/13 cases, NIRFL identified small lymphatics not visible on CTL. In 5/9 cases in which methylene blue (MB) and ICG were combined for operative lymphography, no ducts or fewer ducts were recorded as identifiable by visible MB than by NIRFL or CTL. The median dose of ICG to achieve NIRFL imaging was 0.05 mg/kg. Thoracoscopic TD ligation was successfully achieved in all patients.ConclusionNIRFL is a viable technique to aid in TD identification during thoracoscopy. High contrast NIRF illumination of the TD can be achieved with successful intraparenchymal injection of ICG into the popliteal lymph node.
Untangling Flavobacterium johnsoniae Gliding Motility and Protein Secretion
Authors: Johnston Joseph J. , Shrivastava Abhishek , McBride Mark J. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Flavobacterium johnsoniae
exhibits rapid gliding motility over surfaces. At least 20 genes are involved in this process. Seven of these,
gldK
,
gldL
,
gldM
,
gldN
,
sprA
,
sprE
, and
sprT
, encode proteins of the type IX protein secretion system (T9SS). The T9SS is required for surface localization of the motility adhesins SprB and RemA, and for secretion of the soluble chitinase ChiA. Here, we demonstrate that the gliding motility proteins GldA, GldB, GldD, GldF, GldH, GldI, and GldJ are also essential for secretion. Cells with mutations in the genes encoding any of these seven proteins had normal levels of
gldK
mRNA but dramatically reduced levels of the GldK protein, which may explain the secretion defects of the motility mutants. GldJ is necessary for stable accumulation of GldK, and each mutant lacked the GldJ protein.
F. johnsoniae
cells that produced truncated GldJ, lacking eight to 13 amino acids from the C terminus, accumulated GldK but were deficient in gliding motility. SprB was secreted by these cells but was not propelled along their surfaces. This C-terminal region of GldJ is thus required for gliding motility but not for secretion. The identification of mutants that are defective for motility but competent for secretion begins to untangle the
F. johnsoniae
gliding motility machinery from the T9SS.

IMPORTANCE
Many members of the phylum
Bacteroidetes
secrete proteins using T9SSs. T9SSs appear to be confined to members of this phylum. Many of these bacteria also glide rapidly over surfaces using a motility machine that is also confined to the
Bacteroidetes
and appears to be intertwined with the T9SS. This study identifies
F. johnsoniae
proteins that are required for both T9SS function and gliding motility. It also provides an explanation for the link between secretion and gliding and identifies mutants with defects in motility but not secretion.
Zinc Acquisition Mechanisms Differ between Environmental and Virulent Francisella Species
Authors: Moreau G. Brett , Qin Aiping , Mann Barbara J. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Zinc is an essential nutrient for bacterial growth. Because host cells can restrict pathogen access to zinc as an antimicrobial defense mechanism, intracellular pathogens such as
Francisella
must sense their environment and acquire zinc in response. In many bacteria, the conserved transcription factor Zur is a key regulator of zinc acquisition. To identify mechanisms of zinc uptake in
Francisella novicida
U112, transcriptome sequencing of wild-type and putative
zur
mutant bacteria was performed. Only three genes were confirmed as directly regulated by Zur and zinc limitation by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. One of these genes, FTN_0879, is predicted to encode a protein with similarity to the
zupT
family of zinc transporters, which are not typically regulated by Zur. While a putative
znuACB
operon encoding a high-affinity zinc transporter was identified in U112, expression of this operon was not controlled by Zur or zinc concentration. Disruption of
zupT
but not
znuA
in U112 impaired growth under zinc limitation, suggesting that ZupT is the primary mechanism of zinc acquisition under these conditions. In the virulent
Francisella tularensis
subsp.
tularensis
Schu S4 strain,
zupT
is a pseudogene, and attempts to delete
znuA
were unsuccessful, suggesting that it is essential in this strain. A reverse TetR repression system was used to knock down the expression of
znuA
in Schu S4, revealing that
znuA
is required for growth under zinc limitation and contributes to intracellular growth within macrophages. Overall, this work identifies genes necessary for adaptation to zinc limitation and highlights nutritional differences between environmental and virulent
Francisella
strains.

IMPORTANCE
Francisella tularensis
is a tier 1 select agent with a high potential for lethality and no approved vaccine. A better understanding of
Francisella
virulence factors is required for the development of therapeutics. While acquisition of zinc has been shown to be required for the virulence of numerous intracellular pathogens, zinc uptake has not been characterized in
Francisella
. This work characterizes the Zur regulon in
F. novicida
and identifies two transporters that contribute to bacterial growth under zinc limitation. In addition, these data identify differences in mechanisms of zinc uptake and tolerance to zinc limitation between
F. tularensis
and
F. novicida
, highlighting the role of
znuA
in the growth of Schu S4 under zinc limitation.
The 17 MeV anomaly in beryllium decays and U(1) portal to dark matter
Authors: Chen Chian-Shu , Lin Guey-Lin , Lin Yen-Hsun , Xu Fanrong 
Published: November 2017

The experiment of Krasznahorkay et al. observed the transition of a 8Be excited state to its ground state and accompanied by an emission of an [Formula: see text] pair with 17 MeV invariant mass. This 6.8[Formula: see text] anomaly can be fitted by a new light gauge boson. We consider the new particle as a U(1) gauge boson, [Formula: see text], which plays as a portal linking dark sector and visible sector. In particular, we study the new U(1) gauge symmetry as a hidden or nonhidden group separately. The generic hidden U(1) model, referred to as dark [Formula: see text] model, is excluded by imposing various experimental constraints. On the other hand, a nonhidden [Formula: see text] is allowed due to the additional interactions between [Formula: see text] and Standard Model fermions. We also study the implication of the dark matter direct search on such a scenario. We found that the search for the DM-nucleon scattering cannot probe the parameter space that is allowed by 8Be-anomaly for the range of DM mass above 500 MeV. However, the DM-electron scattering for DM between 20 MeV and 50 MeV can test the underlying U(1) portal model using the future Si and Ge detectors with the [Formula: see text] threshold charges.