bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of native language word order and cognitive biases in pictorial event representations
Authors: Vastenius Anu , van de Weijer Joost , Zlatev Jordan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEver since Goldin-Meadow, S., C. Mylander, W. C. So, and A. Özyürek. 2008. The natural order of events: How speakers of different languages represent events nonverbally. PNAS 105: 9163–9168. proposed that there is a preferred order in sequential non-verbal event representations (Actor > Patient > Act), apparently independent of the default word order in one’s native language, the topic has been the focus of much cognitive-semiotic research. After providing a partial review of the field, we describe an empirical study investigating the order of pictorial representations of motion events using a design that emphasized the linearity of the representations to a greater extent than Goldin-Meadow et al. (2008). Speakers of Swedish (default word order: Actor > Act > Patient, or SVO) and speakers of Kurdish (default word order: Actor > Patient > Act, or SOV) participated in the study. Unlike earlier studies, we found an effect of native language word order. The Swedish speakers preferred to place the Patient picture after the Act picture, especially after first describing the stimuli verbally. In contrast, the Kurdish speakers preferred Act after Patient both with and without verbalization. The results of the study suggest that any cognitive or communicative biases for particular constituent order in non-verbal representations are likely to be modulated by linguistic word order, at least in populations reliant on written language in their daily lives.
Вплив аерогенного забруднення на фітонцидну активність деревних рослин
Authors: Volodarez S. O. 
Published: May 2016

Виявлено вплив забруднення повітря діоксидом вуглецю, сірчистим ангідридом і діоксидом азоту на антимікробну дію деревних рослин 8 видів листяних і одного хвойного виду в умовах Південного Сходу України. Газостійкі види Betula pendula Roth та Salix alba L. за умов дії забруднювачів збільшували фітонцидну активність. У чутливих до дії полютантів видів Aesculus hippocastanum L. та Picea pungens Engelm. антимікробна дія зменшувалась зі зростанням загазованості повітря. Встановлено сезонну динаміку фітонцидної активності A. hippocastanum, B. pendula, S. alba та P. pungens в умовах м. Донецьк, на ділянках із різним ступенем забруднення. Максимальну фітонцидну дію листків досліджених видів відмічено влітку. Для P. pungens виявлено два піки фітонцидності: у серпні та грудні. Встановлено вплив джерела забруднення на антимікробну активність листків B. pendula, Fraxinus excelsior L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Populus nigra L., Tilia cordata Mill. та P. pungens, що зростають у насадженнях м. Краматорськ. З’ясовано посилення антимікробної дії листків більшості досліджених видів, окрім A. hippocastanum та P. pungens, в умовах урбанізованого середовища.
The processes of lipid peroxidation in the cells of Chlorobium limicola IMV K-8 under the influence of copper (II) sulphate
Authors: Segin T. B. , Hnatush S. О. , Gorishniy M. B. 
Published: May 2016

The effect of stressors, including heavy metal ions such as Cu2+, promotes activation of free radical processes in the cells of microorganisms, which causes changes in their physiological and biochemical properties and the structure of bacterial membranes. The aim of this work was to assess the influence of copper (II) sulphate on intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) of Chlorobium limicola IMV K-8 by measuring the content of primary (conjugated dienes and lipid hydroperoxides) and secondary lipid peroxidation products (TBA-reactive products). Microorganisms were cultivated at a temperature of 28 °C in GSB cultivation medium with exposure to light of wavelength 700–800 nm and intensity 40 lux. A suspension of C. limicola ІМV К-8 cells in the phase of exponential growth was treated for one hour with metal salt solution in concentrations 0.05–0.50 mM for investigation of the influence of copper (II) sulphate on its physiological and biochemical properties. The control samples did not contain any copper (II) sulphate. Biomass was determined by turbidity of diluted cell suspension by application of photoelectric colorimeter KFK-3. A mixture of n-heptane and isopropyl alcohol was added into cell-free extract for conjugated dienes determination. The samples were incubated at room temperature and centrifuged. Water was added into the supernatant and the samples were stirred. Ethanol was added to the heptanes phase and adsorption was measured at 233 nm. The content of lipid hydroperoxides was determined by a method based on protein precipitation by trichloroacetic acid followed by addition of ammonium thiocyanate. The concentration of TBA-reactive products in the cell-free extracts was determined by color reaction with malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid exposed to high temperature and acidity of the medium, which causes formation of trimetinic adduct with maximal absorption at 532 nm. It was shown that when CuSO4 was added to the incubation medium the content of conjugated dienes and lipid hydroperoxides increased with the enhancement of salt concentration. However, its value decreased by the seventh and eighth days of cultivation. The content of TBA-reactive products under the influence of copper (II) sulphate varied depending on the duration of cultivation and concentration of the metal. Its highest quantity was observed on the eighth day of cultivation. Thus it was determined that under the influence of CuSO4 the content of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-reactive products increases. This indicates the increased activity of lipid peroxidation processes and the free radical chain reaction damage mechanism to lipids under these conditions.
The avifauna of the National Nature Park "Homilshanski Lisy"
Authors: Chaplygina A. B. , Shupova T. V. , Nadtochiy A. S. 
Published: May 2016

In the recreational zone of "Homilshanski Lisy" National Park 137 species of birds were identified during the period 1980–2015, of which 127 species nest, 8 winter, and 2 observed during the spring migration. The nesting species are distributed in 4 ecological groups dominated by dendrophylls (67 species), with fewer limnophylls-fresh water species (29), campophylls-open country species (16) and sclerophylls (11). Among the nesting birds 11 landscape-genetic faunal assemblages were distinguished, dominated by typical nemoral-woodland (19%), tropical (14%) and forest-steppe (13%) species. The average density of the birds nesting in the park amounts to 1.2 ± 0.2 with n overall density of 148.3 pairs/km route line. The habitat distribution of the bird population was relatively even. The most intensively populated habitat was upland oak forest, the least were pine and mixed forests. It was found that the communities of breeding birds in tree plantations changed due to the natural aging process of forests, which has led to an increase in the number of birds of prey (Falconiiformes), woodpeckers (Piciformes), secondary hollow-nesting birds. The bird communities of floodplain and steppe meadows, as well as habitats in residential areas subject to constant recreational pressure, changed under the pressure of anthropogenic loading. The favorable natural and geographical location of the park and the diversity of its habitats contributed to the emergence in the list of fauna of which are expanding their range. Analysis of the dominant species in the community points to a significant negative impact of recreational pressure on all habitats of the park. The dominant birds in the pinewood community list included only one campophyll, tree pipit (Anthus trivialis L.). For the steppe meadows, in addition to the dominant colonial birds that nest in holes , the yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava L.) was marked as subdominant. In general, in the recreational area of NPP "Homilshanski Lisy" 30 common species (24.2%, total abundance 0.198) nest on the ground. The variety and balance of breeding bird communities in most habitats is stable, but in the meadow ecosystem communities the uniformity of the distribution of species abundance is being significantly disrupted. The Jacquard and Sorenson performance indices for floodplain and steppe meadows are 0.4 and 0.5, and for grove and pine woods, respectively, 0.7 and 0.8. Taking into account the data of the cluster analysis, the distribution curves of shared abundance and participation indicatee sinanthropic breeding bird communities. It follows that anthropogenic pressure exerts the most significant effect on the birds’ occupation of breeding habitats in the recreational zone NPP "Homilshanski Lisy". The highest performance is characterized by the condition of the avifauna of forest habitats, such as oak forest and pine woods, the most threatened breeding bird communities being those of floodplain meadows.
Effect of hemic hypoxia on dynamics of GFAP concentrations in the structures of the brain and blood serum of rats
Authors: Duka T. I. , Chоrna V. I. 
Published: May 2016

This article clarifies the questions on study of hypoxic influence on distribution of filament and soluble forms of GFAP in various structures of the brain (neocortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum, middle brain, pons) and blood of the rats. Quantitative analysis of the contents of GFAP in the brain structures of hypoxic rats has established that hemic hypoxia results in changes in intracellular levels of GFAP forms and also in updating their ratio, which allows one to assume not only a change in astroglial cells, but also testifies to reorganization in the system of intermediate filaments of astrocytes. The level of GFAP substantially changed in all cerebral formations, which was already investigated in the early terms of hypoxic period. Observations showed that hemic hypoxia exerted a varied influence on expression of neurospecific protein in the different structures of cerebrum of rats. Differences in expression of GFAP can be caused by the regional differences in astroglial cellular population, and also their internal features that define the possible answers to hypoxic damage in different functional and morphological structures of the brain. An increase in expression of the investigated form of protein can explain strengthening of astroglial reactivity, a feature of the brain that appears in various types of pathologies of the CNS. Reactive asters in such exhibit hypertrophy and are characterized by an increased level of GFAP, which is an early and reliable indicator of astroglial pathology. An increase in expression of the investigated form of protein may be explained by strengthening of astroglial reactivity, a feature of the brain that appears in various types of pathologies of the CNS. The contents of GFAP in the blood of adult rats, as a result of the hypoxic influence received from it, can indicate a release of GFAP from damaged astrocytes in the blood flow.
Fatty acid content of honeycombs depending on the level of technogenic loading on the environment
Authors: Vishchur V. Y. , Saranchuk I. I. , Gutіy B. V. 
Published: May 2016

The content of heavy metals, non-etherified and anionic forms of fatty acids, and also fatty acids of common lipids in honeycomb cells, obtained from hives placed in areas with high, medium and low levels of technogenic loading is investigated. The hives were located at the educational apiary of Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies named after S.Z. Gzhytskyj (area with very heavy traffic and industrial activity) and in private beekeeping farms in the town Vynnyky and the village Chyzhyky, Pustomyty district, Lviv region (areas with lower intensity of traffic and industrial activity). Our research has shown that the newly-built honeycomb cells obtained from hives placed in the territory with medium and low levels of technogenic loading contain a lower quantity of such heavy metals as iron, zinc, cuprum, chromium, nickel, lead and cadmium. The total amount of non-etherified fatty acids with even and odd number of carbon atoms in the chain, monounsaturated fatty acids of n-7 and n-9 families and polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 and n-6 families was higher in these honeycombs. However, the total concentration of anionic forms of fatty acids with even and odd number of carbon atoms in the chain, monounsaturated fatty acids of n-7 and n-9 families and polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 and n-6 families was lower in these honeycombs. Due to the above-mentioned monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids the amount of fatty acids of common lipids rises. It leads to increase in the antibacterial and antifungal properties of honeycomb cells and reduction of fragility of their walls. The greatest changes in concentration of heavy metals, non-etherified and anionic form of fatty acids, and also fatty acids of common lipids occur in the newly built honeycomb cells in the territory with low technogenic loading on the environment.
Stability of spermatogenesis and displays of natural selection at the cellular and individual level in immature representatives of the Pelophylax esculentus complex
Authors: Biriuk O. , Usova O. , Meleshko O. , Shabanov D. 
Published: May 2016

Pelophylax esculentus is an interspecific hybrid which reproduces hemiclonally by crossing with the parental species (P. ridibundus or P. lessonae). The structure of hemiclonal population systems is of great interest. The majority of investigations into populations of water frogs deal with samples of mature animals, while subadults are less studied. We collected a random sample of 73 small water frogs from three localities in the Siverskyi Donets River floodplain. All frogs were measured, injected with colchicines and killed after anesthesia. We determined the species specifity, sex, age and ploidy of every individual. In addition, we measured testis length and studied the germ cells of all males by means of karyological analysis. We calculated the portion of triploids in the largest subsample from the vicinity of the Biological Station of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University and carried out a meta-analysis of previous publications dealing with composition of green frog samples from this locality. The proportion of triploids in our sample appeared to be approximately the same as 12 years ago. However, this proportion in our sample differed significantly from that obtained in recent samples of green frogs belonging to other age groups (adults and metamorphs) from the same locality. The share of triploids of P. esculentus is the lowest in the sample of metamorphs. This proportion increases in froglets because of early death of representatives of parental species which originated from hybrid-hybrid crossing. Then the number of triploids among adult P. esculentus individuals declines again probably because of their lower viability compared to diploids. We have revealed that subadult diploids have erythrocytes smaller than 28 microns, while triploids’ erythrocytes exceed 27 microns. Therefore, in borderline cases true ploidy could be determined only by the karyological technique. The average ratio between testis length and body length appeared to be larger in the parental species than in both diploid and triploid hybrids. Karyological analysis has revealed that P. esculentus had significantly lower portions of spermatocytes I with normal karyotype (13 bivalents) in the testis in comparison with P. ridibundus, but this value increases in adult hybrids. We suggest that increasing of spermatogenesis stability in adult frogs as opposed to subadults might be the consequence of both selection of germ cell lines in the testis and more frequent survival of individuals with stable gametogenesis.
Evaluation of the recombinant protein Tp0965 of Treponema pallidum as candidate antigen for serological diagnosis of syphilis
Authors: Runina A. V. , Starovoitova A. S. , Deryabin D. G. , Kubanov A. A. 
Published: May 2016

Backgraund: Treponemal tests based on detection of antibodies against the T. pallidum antigens are the most specific methods for serological diagnosis of syphilis. Due to inability to cultivate this bacterium in vitro, the most promising sources of its antigens for diagnostic reactions are recombinant proteins of T. pallidum. Cloning and evaluation of the analytical value of certain T. pallidum proteins is the approach to improve the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of serological tests for syphilis, including possibilities of differential diagnosis of various forms of the disease.Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the analytical values (sensitivity and specificity) of Tp0965 recombinant protein of T. pallidum as a candidate antigen for serological diagnosis of syphilis.Methods: Tp0965 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from T. pallidum genomic DNA (Nichol's strain) and the nucleotide sequence was cloned into the expression vector pET28a. E. coli BL-21 (DE3) cells were transformed with this plasmid, and the recombinant protein production was induced by isopropyl-β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside. Isolation and purification of Tp0965 recombinant protein from bacterial lysate was performed by metal‐chelate affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA Sepharose. The collected protein was seeded on high binding 96-well plates, which were used for ELISA with sera of patients with various forms of syphilis in comparison with healthy donors.Results: High frequency of positive ELISA results was shown with serum of patients with syphilis, compared with a group of healthy donors. The sensitivity of serological reactions using recombinant protein Tr0965 was 98.8%, specificity - 87.5%. The highest sensitivity (100%) was detected in the groups of patients with primary, secondary and early latent syphilis, while in the group of patients with late latent syphilis it decreased to 95.2%.Conclusions: We concluded that due to their specificity the recombinant protein Tp0965 T.pallidum can be used as a candidate antigen for development of syphilis serological diagnostic assays.
Effect of CO2, Nd:YAG and Er:YAG Lasers on Microtensile Bond Strength of Composite to Bleached-Enamel
Authors: Basir Mahshid Mohammadi , Rezvani Mohammad Bagher , Chiniforush Nasim , Moradi Zohreh 
Published: May 2016

Background:Tooth restoration immediately after bleaching is challenging due to the potential problems in achieving adequate bond strength.Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface treatment with ER:YAG, ND:YAG, CO2lasers and 10% sodium ascorbate solution on immediate microtensile bond strength of composite resin to recently bleached enamel.Materials & Methods:Ninety sound molar teeth were randomly divided into three main groups (n:30) : NB (without bleaching), HB (bleached with 38% carbamide peroxide) and OB (bleached with Heydent bleaching gel assisted by diode laser). Each group was divided into five subgroups (n:6) : Si (without surface treatment), Er (Er:YAG laser), CO2(CO2laser), Nd (Nd:YAG laser) and As (Immersion in 10% sodium ascorbate solution). The bonding system was then applied and composite build-ups were constructed. The teeth were sectioned by low speed saw to obtain enamel- resin sticks and submitted to microtensile bond testing. Statistical analyses were done using two- way ANOVA, Tukey and Tamhane tests.Results:µTBS of bleached teeth irradiated with ND:YAG laser was not significantly different from NB-Nd group. Microtensile bond strength of OB-Er group was higher than NB-Er and HB-Er groups. The mean µTBS of HB-CO2group was higher than NB-CO2group; the average µTBS of HB-As and OB-As groups was also higher than NB-As group.Conclusion:Use of Nd:YAG, CO2lasers and 10% sodium ascorbate solution could improve the bond strength in home-bleached specimens. Application of ND:YAG laser on nonbleached specimens and Er:YAG laser on office-bleached specimens led to the highest µTBS in comparison to other surface treatments in each main group.
Technical Challenges of Spinal Cord Stimulation Lead Placement in Morbidly Obese Patients
Authors: Sastry Sanjay , Nussear David , Gillespy Albert , Berger Kristina 
Published: May 2016

Background and Aims:
This paper details the technical challenges involved in the placement of spinal cord stimulator (SCS) leads in morbidly obese patients. It also provides tips for aiding in placement of these devices.

Objective:
This paper aims to suggest techniques which may assist in solving commonly occurring difficulties in SCS placement in the morbidly obese patient.

Design:
Technical note

Setting:
These challenges commonly occur in an outpatient surgery setting or hospital setting.

Conclusion:
There are an increasing number of morbidly obese patients that require a SCS for chronic pain control management. Techniques have been identified to overcome these challenges in placement of SCS leads.
Assessing Implicit Cognition Among Patients Lost to Follow-up for HIV Care: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Houston Eric , Lyons Thomas , Wolfe Brenda , Rolfsen Norma , Williams Maryanne , Rucker Monique , Glick Nancy 
Published: May 2016

Objective:While a growing body of research indicates that implicit cognitive processes play an important role in a range of health behaviors, the assessment of these impulsive, associative mental processes among patients living with HIV has received little attention. This preliminary study explored how multidimensional scaling (MDS) could be used to assess implicit cognitive processes among patients lost to follow-up for HIV care and develop interventions to improve their engagement.Method:The sample consisted of 33 patients who were identified as lost to follow up for HIV care at two urban hospitals. Participants were randomly assigned to either the MDS assessment program or control group. All participants underwent measures designed to gauge behavioral change intentions and treatment motivation. Assessment group participants were interviewed to determine their reactions to the assessment program.Results:The MDS assessment program identified cognitive processes and their relationship to treatment-related behaviors among assessment group participants. Assessment group participants reported significantly greater behavior change intentions than those in the control group (p=.02; Cohen’sd= 0.84).Conclusion:MDS shows promise as a tool to identify implicit cognitive processes related to treatment-related behaviors. Assessments based on MDS could serve as the basis for patient-centered clinical interventions designed to improve treatment adherence and HIV care engagement in general.
The Influence of the Eco-Control Package on Environmental and Economic Performance: A Natural Resource-Based Approach
Authors: Journeault Marc 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
While a growing body of literature has examined and demonstrated the influence of eco-control on organizational performance, little is known about how this influence occurs within the organization. Building on a natural resource-based view, the aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which the eco-control package supports environmental capabilities that, in turn, contribute to an organization's environmental and economic performance. Using survey data from a sample of Canadian manufacturing firms, the results of this study suggest that eco-control may constitute a mechanism that can support environmental capabilities in order to contribute to a firm's environmental and economic performance. More specifically, these results suggest that the eco-control package fosters eco-learning, continuous environmental innovation, stakeholder integration, and shared environmental vision capabilities that can, in turn, contribute both directly to the firm's environmental performance and indirectly to economic performance. Also, some evidence suggests that different eco-control practices support different environmental capabilities and that the simultaneous use of several eco-control practices seems to be necessary to support the implementation of a complete set of environmental capabilities.