bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: NEW LAYERED COMPOUNDS WITH TRANSITION‐METAL OXIDE LAYERS SEPARATED BY COVALENTLY BOUND ORGANIC LIGANDS. MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN TRIOXIDE‐PYRIDINE
Authors: JOHNSON J. W. , JACOBSON A. J. , RICH S. M. , BRODY J. F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBeim Erhitzen von MoO3 mit Pyridin im Überschuß unter wasserfreien Bedingungen bildet sich mikrokristallines (Ia), dessen IR‐spektroskopische und röntgenkristallographische Charakterisierung eine neue Schichtverbindung zeigt.
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDS. CCXLVII. SYNTHESIS OF 5,6‐CYCLOPROPANOCHOLESTANE DERIVATIVES WITH AN OXYGEN FUNCTION IN POSITION 7
Authors: KOHOUT L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn Fortführung der Untersuchungen über die Solvolyse von Cyclosteroiden werden einige der Titelverbindungen synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES. CLXXII. USE OF THE PHENYLACETYL GROUP FOR PROTECTION OF THE LYSINE Nε‐AMINO GROUP IN SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES
Authors: BRTNIK F. , BARTH T. , JOST K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAusgehend vom Derivat (Ib) des Ne‐geschützten Lysins (Ia) wird nach üblichen Methoden das Tripeptidamid (II) aufgebaut, das durch Kondensation mit dem (bekannten) Hydrazid (III) [ 4+ (IV)], nachfolgende Reduktion und oxidative Disulfid‐Brückenbildung das geschützte Cyclopeptid (Va) (Ausb.‐Angabe in mg) liefert; die Phenylacetylgruppe in (Va) kann unter Bildung von Desamino‐Lysin‐Vasopressin (Vb) durch Einwirkung von Penici11in‐Amidohydrolase (E93 .5.
ChemInform Abstract: BUILDING UNITS FOR OLIGOSACCHARIDES. XXX. NEW EFFECTIVE β‐GLYCOSIDE SYNTHESIS OF MANNOSE GLYCOSIDES. SYNTHESES OF MANNOSE CONTAINING OLIGOSACCHARIDES
Authors: PAULSEN H. , LOCKHOFF O. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEine neue Methode zur selektiven Synthese von Oligosacchariden mit β‐verknüpfter Mannose‐Einheit wird entwickelt, für deren indirekte Gewinnung es bisher kein Verfahren gab.
ChemInform Abstract: PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSTS BASED ON SUCROSE ETHYLENE OXIDE ADDUCTS
Authors: GRUBER H. , GREBER G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSaccharose (I)‐Ethylenoxid (II)‐Addukte (III) werden durch Umsetzung von (I) mit verschiedenen Mengen (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: A STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF Z AND E TERMINAL DIENES FROM PINACOL E‐1‐TRIMETHYLSILYL‐1‐PROPENE‐3‐BORONATE
Authors: TSAI D. J. S. , MATTESON D. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Boronat (III) kann in der angegebenen Weise hergestellt und dann mit den Aldehyden (IV) zu den Silyl‐boronaten (Va) kondensiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: TERNARY COMPLEXES IN SOLUTION. PART 36. STABILITY OF BINARY AND TERNARY β‐ALANINE CONTAINING DIPEPTIDE COPPER(II) COMPLEXES
Authors: SIGEL H. , PRIJS B. , MARTIN R. B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGleichgewichtskonstanten werden mittels potentiometrischer pH‐Messungen für die Protonierung und die Cu(II)‐Koordination von Gly‐NHQ , Gly‐gly, Gly‐β‐ala, β‐Ala‐gly, β‐Alα‐β‐ala und β‐Ala‐NH2 bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: ACTIVATION OF OXIDATIONS WITH OXYGEN ON METALLIC PLATINUM AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE CONVERSION OF 2‐PHENOXYETHANOLS TO PHENOXYACETIC ACIDS
Authors: FIEGE H. , WEDEMEYER K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractZusätze von Pb‐ oder Bi‐nitrat ermöglichen bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit von Cd‐nitrat als Coaktivator die Oxidation von Phenoxyethanol (Ia) zur Essigsäure (IIa) an Pt‐Aktivkohle (Pt‐Gehalt 0.1%).
ChemInform Abstract: PARAMAGNETIC INTERMEDIATES IN THE THERMAL REACTIONS OF BENZO(2,1‐B;3,4‐B′)DITHIOPHENE‐4,5‐DIONE WITH SOME METAL(III) COMPOUNDS OF THE HEAVIER GROUP VA ELEMENTS
Authors: ALBERTI A. , HUDSON A. , MACCIONI A. , PODDA G. , PEDULLI G. F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie thermischen Reaktionen von MC13‐nPhn (M: As, Sb; n: 0‐3), AsMe,Br, SbF3, BiCl3 und BiPh3 und As(III)‐ oder Sb(III)‐enthaltenden heterocyclischen Verbindungen wie (IV) mit der Titelverbindung in Diglyme, Tetraglyme oder geschmolzenem Biphenyl als Lösungsmittel, die zu paramagnetischen Addukten führen können, werden ESR‐ spektroskopisch untersucht.
Beyond the cytoskeleton: The emerging role of organelles and membrane remodeling in the regulation of axon collateral branches
Authors: Winkle Cortney C. , Taylor Kendra L. , Dent Erik W. , Gallo Gianluca , Greif Karen F. , Gupton Stephanie L. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe generation of axon collateral branches is a fundamental aspect of the development of the nervous system and the response of axons to injury. Although much has been discovered about the signaling pathways and cytoskeletal dynamics underlying branching, additional aspects of the cell biology of axon branching have received less attention. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of key factors involved in axon branching. This article focuses on how cytoskeletal mechanisms, intracellular organelles, such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, and membrane remodeling (exocytosis and endocytosis) contribute to branch initiation and formation. Together this growing literature provides valuable insight as well as a platform for continued investigation into how multiple aspects of axonal cell biology are spatially and temporally orchestrated to give rise to axon branches. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1293–1307, 2016
Colocalization of cellular nanostructure using confocal fluorescence and partial wave spectroscopy
Authors: Chandler John E. , Stypula‐Cyrus Yolanda , Almassalha Luay , Bauer Greta , Bowen Leah , Subramanian Hariharan , Szleifer Igal , Backman Vadim 
Published: April 2016

A new multimodal confocal microscope has been developed, which includes a parallel Partial Wave Spectroscopic (PWS) microscopy path. This combination of modalities allows molecular‐specific sensing of nanoscale intracellular structure using fluorescent labels. Combining molecular specificity and sensitivity to nanoscale structure allows localization of nanostructural intracellular changes, which is critical for understanding the mechanisms of diseases such as cancer. To demonstrate the capabilities of this multimodal instrument, we imaged HeLa cells treated with valinomycin, a potassium ionophore that uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. Colocalization of fluorescence images of the nuclei (Hoechst 33342) and mitochondria (anti‐mitochondria conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488) with PWS measurements allowed us to detect a significant decrease in nuclear nanoscale heterogeneity (Σ), while no significant change in Σ was observed at mitochondrial sites. In addition, application of the new multimodal imaging approach was demonstrated on human buccal samples prepared using a cancer screening protocol. These images demonstrate that nanoscale intracellular structure can be studied in healthy and diseased cells at molecular‐specific sites.
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Low‐level laser therapy as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Afifi Ladan , Maranda Eric L. , Zarei Mina , Delcanto Gina M. , Falto‐Aizpurua Leyre , Kluijfhout Wouter P. , Jimenez Joaquin J. 
Published: April 2016

Background and ObjectivesAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) affects 50% of males by age 50 and 50% of females by age 80. Recently, the use of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has been proposed as a treatment for hair loss and to stimulate hair regrowth in AGA. This paper aims to review the existing research studies to determine whether LLLT is an effective therapy for AGA based on objective measurements and patient satisfaction.Study DesignA systematic literature review was done to identify articles on Medline, Google Scholar, and Embase that were published between January 1960 and November 2015. All search hits were screened by two reviewers and examined for relevant abstracts and titles. Articles were divided based on study design and assessed for risk of bias.ResultsEleven studies were evaluated, which investigated a total of 680 patients, consisting of 444 males and 236 females. Nine out of 11 studies assessing hair count/hair density found statistically significant improvements in both males and females following LLLT treatment. Additionally, hair thickness and tensile strength significantly improved in two out of four studies. Patient satisfaction was investigated in five studies, and was overall positive, though not as profound as the objective outcomes.ConclusionThe majority of studies covered in this review found an overall improvement in hair regrowth, thickness, and patient satisfaction following LLLT therapy. Although we should be cautious when interpreting these findings, LLLT therapy seems to be a promising monotherapy for AGA and may serve as an effective alternative for individuals unwilling to use medical therapy or undergo surgical options. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:27–39, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Diluents for Dental Composites
Authors: Moszner Norbert , Fischer Urs Karl , Angermann Jörg 
Published: April 2016

Five new urethane groups containing monomers 1–5, acetylated glycerol dimethacrylate (AGDMA), and glycerol trimethacrylate (GTMA) are synthesized as alternative diluents to triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) for dental resins or composites. The synthesized monomers are characterized by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The secondary acrylamide group containing hybrid monomers 1 and 2 are solids. However, the monomers 3–5, AGDMA and GTMA are colorless and relatively low‐viscosity liquids. They are not mutagenic in the Ames test and show a lower cytotoxicity and a lower polymerization shrinkage compared to TEGDMA. The tertiary amide group containing crosslinker 3 shows a significantly higher photopolymerization rate compared to that of TEGDMA in the presence of the monomolecular Ge‐based photoinitiator Ivocerin. The synthesized diluents are evaluated in experimental dental formulations for resins, cements, and direct filling composites using a conventional binary camphorquinone/amine photoinitiator.
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A Multicriteria Decision‐Making Application to the Conceptual Design of Mechanical Components
Authors: Renzi Cristina , Leali Francesco 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEarly design is crucial for the success of the final product. In the conceptual design phase, several constraints, criteria, objectives and disciplines have to be considered. To this aim, multidisciplinary optimization has proven effective for the solution of engineering design problems, even in the industrial every‐day practice, to improve and simplify the work of designers in a successful quest of the best compromise solution. In this paper, a multicriteria decision‐making (MCDM)‐based design platform for early optimal design of industrial components is proposed. In a group decision‐making context, the selection of the most suitable component among several possible layouts is performed by means of a group Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution approach. Hence, a multi‐objective optimization is performed on the selected component by applying a multi‐objective particle swarm optimization for finding optimal component dimensions. An industrial case study is presented for showing the efficiency of the multicriteria decision‐making‐based design platform, regarding an innovative and low‐cost solution to increase the duration of heel tips in women's shoes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust return‐map algorithm for general multisurface plasticity
Authors: Adhikary D. P. , Jayasundara C. T. , Podgorney R. K. , Wilkins A. H. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThree new contributions to the field of multisurface plasticity are presented for general situations with an arbitrary number of nonlinear yield surfaces with hardening or softening. A method for handling linearly dependent flow directions is described. A residual that can be used in a line search is defined. An algorithm that has been implemented and comprehensively tested is discussed in detail. Examples are presented to illustrate the computational cost of various components of the algorithm. The overall result is that a single Newton‐Raphson iteration of the algorithm costs between 1.5 and 2 times that of an elastic calculation. Examples also illustrate the successful convergence of the algorithm in complicated situations. For example, without using the new contributions presented here, the algorithm fails to converge for approximately 50% of the trial stresses for a common geomechanical model of sedementary rocks, while the current algorithm results in complete success. Because it involves no approximations, the algorithm is used to quantify the accuracy of an efficient, pragmatic, but approximate, algorithm used for sedimentary‐rock plasticity in a commercial software package. The main weakness of the algorithm is identified as the difficulty of correctly choosing the set of initially active constraints in the general setting. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leisure‐time physical activity and intra‐abdominal fat in young adulthood: A monozygotic co‐twin control study
Authors: Rottensteiner Mirva , Leskinen Tuija , Järvelä‐Reijonen Elina , Väisänen Karoliina , Aaltonen Sari , Kaprio Jaakko , Kujala Urho M. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate differences in abdominal fat compartments between young adult monozygotic twin pairs discordant for leisure‐time physical activity.MethodsTen young adult male monozygotic twin pairs (age range 32‐36 years) discordant for leisure‐time physical activity during the past 3 years were systematically selected from a population‐based Finnish twin cohort. Magnetic resonance image at the level of the L2‐L3 intervertebral disc was used to predict intra‐abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat masses. Dietary intake was assessed with a 4‐day food diary.ResultsInactive twins had 31% more intra‐abdominal fat than their active co‐twins (mean difference 0.52 kg, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.91,P = 0.016), whereas the difference in subcutaneous abdominal fat was only 13% (P = 0.21) and 3% in body mass index (P = 0.28). Intraperitoneal fat mass was 41% higher among inactive twins compared to their active co‐twins (mean difference 0.41 kg, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.70,P = 0.012). Dietary intake did not differ between co‐twins.ConclusionsA lower level of physical activity is related to greater accumulation of intra‐abdominal fat among healthy adult males in their mid‐30s. The findings highlight the importance of leisure‐time physical activity independent of genes and diet in the prevention of intra‐abdominal fat accumulation from early adulthood onward.
Perceived weight discrimination, childhood maltreatment, and weight gain in U.S. adults with overweight/obesity
Authors: Udo Tomoko , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivePerceived weight discrimination and childhood maltreatment have been independently associated with physical and mental health issues, as well as weight gain. It is not known, however, whether childhood maltreatment modifies the relationship between perceived weight discrimination and weight changes.MethodsThis study examined the relationship between perceived weight discrimination, childhood maltreatment, and changes in body mass index (BMI) over 3 years in 21,357 men and women with overweight and obesity from Wave 1 and Wave 2 surveys of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC).ResultsReporting childhood maltreatment, regardless of the specific form of maltreatment, was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of perceived weight discrimination in women. Perceived weight discrimination was associated with a significantly greater increase in BMI in both genders. Among all women with perceived weight discrimination, those who also reported having experienced childhood maltreatment had significantly less BMI increase compared to those reporting not having experienced childhood maltreatment.ConclusionsPerceived weight discrimination may foster weight gain rather than encouraging weight loss in individuals with overweight/obesity and should be addressed in prevention efforts and clinical settings. Childhood maltreatment may perhaps sensitize individuals to subsequent stressors and increase vulnerability to perceived weight discrimination, particularly in women.
Fatty liver index is a risk determinant of incident type 2 diabetes in a metabolically healthy population with obesity
Authors: Jung Chang Hee , Kang Yu Mi , Jang Jung Eun , Hwang Jenie Yoonoo , Kim Eun Hee , Park Joong‐Yeol , Kim Hong‐Kyu , Lee Woo Je 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveThis study investigated the effect of fatty liver disease (FLD) on the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a population with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO).MethodsThe study population comprised 34,258 Koreans without type 2 diabetes. Participants were stratified by BMI (cutoff value, 25.0 kg/m2) and metabolic health state (using Wildman criteria). FLD was defined by the fatty liver index (FLI), a predictive algorithm to detect FLD. Subjects were classified into low and high FLI groups based on tertile.ResultsAt baseline, there were significant differences in FLI between four study groups. During a median follow‐up of 36.5 months, 1.7% individuals developed type 2 diabetes. The risk of incident type 2 diabetes varied for the MHO group according to the level of FLI. The risk of type 2 diabetes in the MHO with low FLI was not significantly elevated compared with the metabolically healthy individuals without obesity (MHNO) with low FLI (multivariate‐adjusted HR, 1.19 [95% CI 0.66‐2.14]). However, the MHO with high FLI had an elevated risk of incident type 2 diabetes (multivariate‐adjusted HR, 1.99 [95% CI 1.36‐2.92]).ConclusionsMHO subjects have a substantially higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes than MHNO subjects. The presence of FLD assessed by FLI partially explains this increased risk.
Weaning nocturnal ventilation and decannulation in a pediatric ventilator care program
Authors: Liptzin Deborah R. , Connell Elisabeth A. , Marable Jennifer , Marks Jill , Thrasher Jodi , Baker Christopher D. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIntroductionChildren with chronic respiratory failure and upper airway disorders may require tracheostomy placement and long‐term mechanical ventilation, yet many improve to permit ventilator weaning and decannulation.MethodsAs a quality improvement project, we conducted a chart review of patients followed by our Ventilator Care Program who underwent evaluation for weaning nocturnal ventilation (NV) and/or decannulation from 2007–2014. We collected patient demographics and characterized location, monitoring techniques, and outcomes for patients undergoing weaning NV or decannulation. We attempted to implement end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring and used linear regression to compare ETCO2 with morning pCO2.ResultsWeaning NV was successful in 20/21 patients. Decannulation was successful in 18/21 attempts. Once implemented, ETCO2 was piloted and successfully performed in 12 attempts (29%). Blood testing was performed in 24/42 trials (57%). When measured, the final ETCO2 result partially correlated with morning pCO2 (R2 = 0.53, P < 0.02). Neither blood testing nor ETCO2 was performed for the four patients with unsuccessful attempts.ConclusionsInpatient observation for weaning NV and decannulation is safe and, in most cases, successful. With close observation, weaning NV at home may also be safe. Blood testing and ETCO2 monitoring were frequently utilized, but rarely affected decision‐making since signs of respiratory distress were observed clinically prior to testing. ETCO2 monitoring may provide reassurance without venipuncture. With our experience, we propose an algorithm for weaning NV and decannulation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:825–829. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Politics of African Household Budget Studies in South Africa
Authors: Ross Robert 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:This paper traces the development of studies of African household budgets in South Africa, from the 1920s up to the 1970s, and indeed in summary form till the present. It argues that, although the genre seems to be politically neutral, and only concerned to establish “the facts,” in reality the outcome of the various researches, and certainly their presentation was dependent on the political and institutional position of the researcher, whether “liberal,” linked to commercial institutions, or as part of the apartheid state.
Folic acid induces cell type-specific changes in the transcriptome of breast cancer cell lines: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Price R. Jordan , Lillycrop Karen A. , Burdge Graham C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe effect of folic acid (FA) on breast cancer (BC) risk is uncertain. We hypothesised that this uncertainty may be due, in part, to differential effects of FA between BC cells with different phenotypes. To test this we investigated the effect of treatment with FA concentrations within the range of unmetabolised FA reported in humans on the expression of the transcriptome of non-transformed (MCF10A) and cancerous (MCF7 and Hs578T) BC cells. The total number of transcripts altered was: MCF10A, seventy-five (seventy up-regulated); MCF7, twenty-four (fourteen up-regulated); and Hs578T, 328 (156 up-regulated). Only the cancer-associated geneTAGLNwas altered by FA in all three cell lines. In MCF10A and Hs578T cells, FA treatment decreased pathways associated with apoptosis, cell death and senescence, but increased those associated with cell proliferation. The folate transporters SLC19A1, SLC46A1 and FOLR1 were differentially expressed between cell lines tested. However, the level of expression was not altered by FA treatment. These findings suggest that physiological concentrations of FA can induce cell type-specific changes in gene regulation in a manner that is consistent with proliferative phenotype. This has implications for understanding the role of FA in BC risk. In addition, these findings support the suggestion that differences in gene expression induced by FA may involve differential activities of folate transporters. Together these findings indicate the need for further studies of the effect of FA on BC.
Perilymph fistula: the patients' experience
Authors: Meldrum J A , Prinsley P R 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to assess the experiences and outcomes of patients who underwent surgical repair of a perilymph fistula in Norfolk, UK.Methods:The study involved a retrospective questionnaire-based patient survey and case note review of patients who had undergone tympanotomy and perilymph fistula repair between 1998 and 2012 in two district general hospitals.Results:Fourteen patients underwent 20 procedures, of whom 7 completed the pre- and post-operative Vertigo Symptom Scale. In five patients, there was no obvious precipitating cause. Perilymph fistula was precipitated by noise in one patient, by a pressure-increasing event in six patients and by trauma in two patients. The Vertigo Symptom Scale scores showed a statistically significant improvement following surgical repair, from a median of 67 (out of 175) pre-operatively to 19 post-operatively.Conclusion:In selected patients with vertigo, perilymph fistula should be considered; surgical repair can significantly improve symptoms.