bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of forest management effects on the mineral soil carbon pool of a lowland, mixed-species forest in Maine, USA
Authors: Puhlick Joshua J. , Fernandez Ivan J. , Weiskittel Aaron R. 
Published: April 2016

Concerns about climate change have increased interest in ways to maximize carbon (C) storage in forests through the use of alternative forest management strategies. However, the influence of these strategies on soil C pools is unclear. The primary objective of this study was to test for differences in mineral soil C stocks among various silvicultural and harvesting treatments that were initiated in the 1950s and have been maintained since on the Penobscot Experimental Forest in central Maine, USA. Five mineral soil cores below the surface organic horizon to a depth of 1 m were collected from each replicate (n = 2) of selection, shelterwood, and commercial clearcut treatments. For these treatments, the mean mineral soil C stock was 47.7 ± 16.4 Mg ha−1 (mean ± SD). We found no significant differences in average mineral soil C stocks among treatments. However, a post hoc power analysis indicated that the probability of detecting a significant treatment effect was only 6%. We determined that 98 stands per treatment would be required to be 80% certain that the F test would detect a difference in average mineral soil C stocks whenever any pair of treatments had C stocks differing by more than 5 Mg ha−1.
Examining a covariant and renormalizable quantum field theory in de Sitter space by studying “black hole radiation”
Authors: Pejhan Hamed , Rahbardehghan Surena 
Published: April 2016

Respecting that any consistent quantum field theory in curved space–time must include black hole radiation, in this paper, we examine the Krein–Gupta–Bleuler (KGB) formalism as an inevitable quantization scheme in order to follow the guideline of the covariance of minimally coupled massless scalar field and linear gravity on de Sitter (dS) background in the sense of Wightman–Gärding approach, by investigating thermodynamical aspects of black holes. The formalism is interestingly free of pathological large distance behavior. In this construction, also, no infinite term appears in the calculation of expectation values of the energy–momentum tensor (we have an automatic and covariant renormalization) which results in the vacuum energy of the free field to vanish. However, the existence of an effective potential barrier, intrinsically created by black holes gravitational field, gives a Casimir-type contribution to the vacuum expectation value of the energy–momentum tensor. On this basis, by evaluating the Casimir energy–momentum tensor for a conformally coupled massless scalar field in the vicinity of a nonrotating black hole event horizon through the KGB quantization, in this work, we explicitly prove that the hole produces black-body radiation which its temperature exactly coincides with the result obtained by Hawking for black hole radiation.
Growth of layer-bound normal faults under a regional anisotropic stress field
Authors: Ghalayini R. , Homberg C. , Daniel J. M. , Nader F. H. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Layer-bound normal faults commonly form polygonal faults with fine-grained sediments early in their burial history. When subject to anisotropic stress conditions, these faults will be preferentially oriented. In this study we investigate how faults grow, evolve and interact within regional-scale layer-bound fault systems characterized by parallel faults. The intention is to understand the geometry and growth of faults by applying qualitative and quantitative fault analysis techniques to a 3D seismic reflection dataset from the Levant Basin, an area containing a unique layer-bound normal fault array. This analysis indicates that the faults were affected by mechanical stratigraphy, causing preferential nucleation sites of fault segments, which were later linked. Our interpretation suggests that growth of layer-bound faults at a basin scale generally follows the isolated model, accumulating length proportional to displacement and, when subject to an anisotropic regional stress field, resembling to a great extent classical tectonic normal faults.
Oncogenic Mutation of AIMP2/p38 Inhibits Its Tumor-Suppressive Interaction with Smurf2
Authors: Kim Dae Gyu , Lee Jin Young , Lee Ji-Hyun , Cho Ha Yeon , Kang Beom Sik , Jang Song-Yee , Kim Myung Hee , Guo Min , Han Jung Min , Kim Seong-Jin , Kim Sunghoon 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
AIMP2/p38 is a multifunctional tumor suppressor that normally resides in the cytosol as a scaffold protein of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). One of the tumor-suppressive functions of AIMP2 is to facilitate ubiquitin-mediated degradation of FUSE-binding protein (FBP, FUBP1), a transcriptional activator of c-Myc. However, the mechanism by which AIMP2 functions within this pathway and its significance in tumorigenesis are uncertain. Here, we report that Smurf2 is responsible for AIMP2-mediated ubiquitination of FBP, and a mutation in AIMP2 that inhibited its nuclear interaction with Smurf2 enhanced cellular transformation and tumorigenesis in vivo. Treatment of HeLa cells with TGFβ resulted in the phosphorylation of AIMP2 on S156, a residue that is exposed on the embedded GST domain of AIMP2. We further found that phospho-AIMP2 dissociated from the MSC and translocated to the nucleus, where it bound to Smurf2, enhancing ubiquitination of FBP. AIMP2 also inhibited nuclear export of Smurf2 to sustain TGFβ signaling. Collectively, these findings present a novel tumor-suppressive interaction between AIMP2 and Smurf2 and suggest that the disruption of this interaction can lead to oncogenic transformation. Cancer Res; 76(11); 3422–36. ©2016 AACR.
Efficacy and safety of protein C concentrate to treat purpura fulminans and thromboembolic events in severe congenital protein C deficiency
Authors: Manco-Johnson Marilyn , Bomgaars Lisa , Palascak Joseph , Shapiro Amy , Geil John , Fritsch Sandor , Pavlova Borislava , Gelmont David 
Published: April 2016

SummarySevere congenital protein C (PC) deficiency (SCPCD) is associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), purpura fulminans (PF), and vascular thromboembolic events (TE), often leading to organ failure and death. PC replacement therapy offers a safe, effective treatment for thromboembolic complications of SCPCD and secondary prophylaxis for recurrent DIC, PF, and TEs. A prospective, multi-centre, open-label, phase 2/3 study was conducted to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of protein C concentrate for treatment of PF and acute TEs. Fifteen enrolled patients with SCPCD received protein C concentrate; 11 received treatment for acute TEs (PF, 18 events; PF and other coumarin-related vascular thromboembolic events [coumarin-induced skin necrosis; CISN], 1 event; venous thrombosis, 5 events). Predefined efficacy criteria for treatment of acute TEs were compared with a historical control arm (i. e. patients receiving conventional therapy without protein C replacement). PF/CISN was demonstrated by pre-defined primary and secondary efficacy ratings. Primary ratings of protein C concentrate–treated episodes were significantly higher (p=0.0032) than in the historical control. For 19 PF/CISN episodes in 11 patients, 94.7 % of treatments were rated effective and 5.3 % effective with complications (not related to protein C concentrate). In a secondary efficacy rating, all treatments were rated effective (68.4 % excellent; 21.1 % good; 10.5 % fair). For 5/24 vascular thrombosis episodes, 80 % of treatments were rated excellent and 20 % were rated good. No treatment-related adverse events or serious adverse events occurred. In conclusion, protein C concentrate provides an efficacious, safe treatment for PF, CISN, and other TEs in SCPCD patients.
Neural Correlates of Predictive Saccades
Authors: Lee Stephen M. , Peltsch Alicia , Kilmade Maureen , Brien Donald C. , Coe Brian C. , Johnsrude Ingrid S. , Munoz Douglas P. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Every day we generate motor responses that are timed with external cues. This phenomenon of sensorimotor synchronization has been simplified and studied extensively using finger tapping sequences that are executed in synchrony with auditory stimuli. The predictive saccade paradigm closely resembles the finger tapping task. In this paradigm, participants follow a visual target that “steps” between two fixed locations on a visual screen at predictable ISIs. Eventually, the time from target appearance to saccade initiation (i.e., saccadic RT) becomes predictive with values nearing 0 msec. Unlike the finger tapping literature, neural control of predictive behavior described within the eye movement literature has not been well established and is inconsistent, especially between neuroimaging and patient lesion studies. To resolve these discrepancies, we used fMRI to investigate the neural correlates of predictive saccades by contrasting brain areas involved with behavior generated from the predictive saccade task with behavior generated from a reactive saccade task (saccades are generated toward targets that are unpredictably timed). We observed striking differences in neural recruitment between reactive and predictive conditions: Reactive saccades recruited oculomotor structures, as predicted, whereas predictive saccades recruited brain structures that support timing in motor responses, such as the crus I of the cerebellum, and structures commonly associated with the default mode network. Therefore, our results were more consistent with those found in the finger tapping literature.
The Turbulent Circulation of a Snowball Earth Ocean
Authors: Jansen Malte F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTheoretical arguments are developed to derive general properties of the ocean circulation in a “snowball” world, and the predictions are confirmed in a series of idealized numerical simulations. As suggested previously, a turbulent flow is driven by geothermal heating at the seafloor, which is balanced by a similar heat loss through the ice sheet above. It is argued that the expected horizontal inhomogeneities in these heat fluxes are sufficient to generate baroclinic instability, which drives geostrophic turbulence. Turbulent eddies then transport heat upward and poleward along isolines of constant density, thereby maintaining a statically stable stratification, contrary to previous findings from numerical models that do not adequately resolve the geostrophic turbulence. The kinetic energy of the turbulent flow is expected to be controlled by a balance between the potential energy input by the diabatic forcing and frictional dissipation in the bottom boundary layer. The resulting characteristic flow speed is estimated to be on the order of 1 cm s−1, which is in agreement with previous numerical simulations. Eddy diffusivities are estimated to be on the order of 100 m2 s−1, which is smaller than in the present-day ocean but probably within one order of magnitude. Because of the weak forcing, the resulting gradients of temperature and salinity would be much smaller than in the present-day ocean, with global-scale potential temperature variations on the order of 0.1 K, again in agreement with previous numerical simulations. The presented theoretical arguments may also be relevant to other planetary bodies with an ice-covered ocean.
The impact of team familiarity and surgical experience on operative efficiency: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Maruthappu Mahiben , Duclos Antoine , Zhou Charlie D , Lipsitz Stuart R , Wright John , Orgill Dennis , Carty Matthew J 
Published: April 2016

Summary Objectives The independent impact of individual surgical experience and team familiarity on surgical performance has been widely studied; however, the interplay of these factors and their relative, quantified, contributions to performance is poorly understood. We determined the impact of team familiarity and surgeon, and cumulative team experience on operative efficiency in total knee replacement. Design Retrospective analysis of all total knee replacements conducted at the host institution in 1996–2009. Multivariate generalised-estimating-equation regression models were used to adjust for patient risk and clustering. Setting Tertiary care academic hospital. Participants All patients undergoing TKR at the host institution in 1996–2009. Main outcome measure Operative efficiency. Results A total of 4276 total knee replacements were completed by 1163 different surgical teams. The median experience level was 17.6 years for consultant surgeons and 3.7 years for trainee surgeons. After patient-risk adjustment, consultant surgical experience ( p < 0.0001), trainee surgical experience ( p < 0.05), cumulative team operative experience ( p < 0.0001) and team familiarity ( p < 0.0001) were associated with significant reductions in operative time. Surgical experience and team familiarity demonstrated concave and linear relationships with operative time, respectively. For a consultant surgeon, the expected reduction in operative time after 25 years in practice was 51 min, compared to a 21-min reduction over the span of 40 collaborations with the same team members. Conclusions Surgical experience and team familiarity display important and distinct relationships with operative time in total knee replacement. Appreciation of this interplay may serve to guide implementation and allocation of procedure-specific quality improvement strategies in surgery.
Diabetes Transition Care From an Inpatient to Outpatient Setting in a Veteran Population
Authors: Brumm Susan , Theisen Kathleen , Falciglia Mercedes 
Published: April 2016

Purpose The purpose of the study was to evaluate a diabetes transition care program in a population of veterans with diabetes by calculating 30-day readmission rates and assessing glycemic control. Methods Hospitalized patients with poorly controlled diabetes were identified to participate in the diabetes transition care program. The program included follow-up through a postdischarge telephone call by the diabetes educator, with an opportunity for a face-to-face clinic visit. A retrospective before-and-after study design was used. Analysis included calculating the readmission rate and the pre- and postintervention A1C rates to evaluate the intervention. Results Of the 40 participants, 100% completed the intervention. All 40 participants received a postdischarge telephone call as follow-up, with 20% presenting for a face-to-face visit. The 30-day readmission rate for the cohort was 10%, in comparison to 14.3% for patients who did not receive the intervention but were otherwise comparable. For those who had repeat A1C measurements conducted 2 to 8 months after time of enrollment in the program (n = 33), average A1C declined −2.2%, from 11.3% (100 mmol/mol) to 9.1% (76 mmol/mol). Conclusions Diabetes-specific transition of care for those with complex psychiatric, medical, and social needs was feasible, with good outcomes in hospital readmission rates and glycemic control, when executed by an adult nurse practitioner who was the inpatient diabetes educator.
The altered right frontoparietal network functional connectivity in migraine and the modulation effect of treatment
Authors: Li Zhengjie , Lan Lei , Zeng Fang , Makris Nikos , Hwang Jiwon , Guo Taipin , Wu Feng , Gao Yujie , Dong Mingkai , Liu Mailan , Yang Jie , Li Ying , Gong Qiyong , Sun Sharon , Liang Fanrong , Kong Jian 
Published: April 2016

Aims This study aims to investigate the resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc) of the right frontoparietal network (rFPN) between migraineurs and healthy controls (HCs) in order to determine how the rFPN rs-fc can be modulated by effective treatment. Methods One hundred patients and 46 matched HCs were recruited. Migraineurs were randomized to verum acupuncture, sham acupuncture, and waiting list groups. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected before and after longitudinal treatments. Independent component analysis was applied in the data analysis. Results We found that migraineurs showed decreased rs-fc between the rFPN and bilateral precuneus compared with HCs. After treatments (real and sham), rFPN rs-fc with the precuneus was significantly reduced. This reduction was associated with headache intensity relief. In order to explore the role of the precuneus in acupuncture modulation, we performed a seed-based rs-fc analysis using the precuneus as a seed and found that the precuneus rs-fc with the bilateral rostral anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was significantly enhanced after treatment. Conclusion Our results suggest that migraineurs are associated with abnormal rFPN rs-fc. An effective treatment, such as acupuncture, may relieve symptoms by strengthening the cognitive adaptation/coping process. Elucidation of the adaptation/coping mechanisms may open up a new window for migraine management.
A Qualitative Analysis of Barriers and Facilitators to Optimal Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Practices in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Burns Jennifer , Emerson Jillian A. , Amundson Kimberly , Doocy Shannon , Caulfield Laura E. , Klemm Rolf D. W. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Suboptimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are determinants of poor child nutritional status. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, few children are fed according to international guidelines; this combined with endemic poverty and food insecurity have contributed to the high prevalence of child undernutrition. Objective: To characterize IYCF practices and barriers and enablers to optimal child feeding in South Kivu. Methods: Focus group discussions, structured and in-depth interviews with women of reproductive age, mothers of children <2 years, and health workers were conducted in 2012 as part of formative research for the US Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded Jenga Jamaa II multiyear assistance program. Results: Although breastfeeding was prevalent, few mothers engaged in optimal feeding practices. Barriers included poverty, high work burden, lack of decision-making power in the household, and perceived milk insufficiency. Health provider guidance and mothers’ motivation to breastfeed and feed nutrient-dense foods emerged as facilitators to optimal practices. Conclusions: Structural factors, especially long hours working in agricultural fields, impeded mothers’ ability to feed their children optimally. Interventions to address child nutrition and improve IYCF practices should take into account these factors, in addition to food access, nutrition education, and behavior change.
A Prospective Comparison Study of Heart Rate Variability During Menses in Young Women With Dysmenorrhea
Authors: Wang Yu-Jen , Wang Yi-Zen , Yeh Mei-Ling 
Published: April 2016

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated autonomic abnormalities in various pain conditions. However, few have investigated heart rate variability (HRV) in young women with primary dysmenorrhea, and the conclusions have been inconsistent. More evidence is required to confirm the reported trend for consistent fluctuation of HRV parameters in dysmenorrhea. Purpose: The study’s aim was to determine whether significant differences exist between young women with and without dysmenorrhea for heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and HRV parameters during menses. Design: A prospective comparison design with repeated measures was used. Setting and participants: Sixty-six women aged 18–25 with dysmenorrhea and 54 eumenorrheic women were recruited from a university in northern Taiwan. Methods: High-frequency and low-frequency HRV parameters (HF and LF), LF/HF ratio, BP, and HR were measured daily between 8 p.m. and 10 p.m. from Day 1 to Day 6 during menses. The generalized estimating equation was used to analyze the effects of group, time, and Group × Time interaction on these variables. Results: HF values were significantly lower in the dysmenorrhea than in the eumenorrhea group, but there were no differences in BP, HR, LF, or LF/HF ratio. Conclusion: Reduced HF values reflect reduced parasympathetic activity and autonomic instability in young women with dysmenorrhea. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to examine autonomic regulation in menstrual pain of varying intensities associated with dysmenorrhea-related symptoms and to clarify the causal relationship between dysmenorrhea and HRV fluctuations.
Introduction: Background ideas in international relations
Authors: Kornprobst Markus , Senn Martin 
Published: April 2016

Distinguishes five contending International Relations perspectives on background ideas Calls for more cross-fertilisation across perspectives to deal with conceptual challenges pertaining to backgrounds, agency, as well as change and persistence Summarises contributions to forum The actors we study do not reflect upon their background ideas. They simply take them for granted. Precisely because of this taken-for-grantedness, these ideas are very powerful. They shape world politics in profound ways. The discipline of International Relations has neglected background ideas for a long time. In the last two decades, however, a heterogeneous cluster of research has developed that inquires into what constitutes background ideas, how backgrounds affect politics, and how they come to change. The purpose of this special forum is to take stock of the current state of research, to make authors embracing different perspectives on background ideas engage with one another’s arguments, and thus to improve our explanatory and normative understandings of backgrounds in world politics.
An On-Chip Disposable Salivary Glucose Sensor for Diabetes Control
Authors: Du Yunqing , Zhang Wenjun , Wang Ming L. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Self-management of blood glucose (BG) is considered a norm for diabetes control. However, this invasive process is uncomfortable for patients, especially when intensive measurements with frequent finger pricks are required. Saliva, an alternative body fluid that is easily accessible and contains trace amount of glucose can be potentially used for the noninvasive monitoring of diabetes. Methods: As a solution for real-time glucose measurements using saliva for diabetic care, we have developed an on-chip disposable glucose nano-biosensor through a layer-by-layer assembly process. In this work, a clinical study of 10 healthy subjects was conducted to determine the potential usefulness of salivary glucose (SG) sensors for glycemic control. Results: Findings revealed (1) the individual BG/SG ratio at fasting was consistent over an entire year when there was no significant change of personal health; (2) the individual SG levels tracked closely with BG levels after meals; (3) a time difference of 15-30 minutes exists between peak levels of BG and SG; (4) 2 hours after a meal, the BG/SG ratio returned to a similar value at fasting. Conclusions: We propose to measure fasting and pre- and 2-hour postprandial SG levels for self-management of glycemic levels. As a result, this article is not intended to replace the common BG tests. With preliminary results, we believe SG itself could be used as means for reliable diabetes monitoring and a potential fluid for prognosis of future disease.