bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3-D radiative transfer in large-eddy simulations – experiences coupling the TenStream solver to the UCLA-LES
Authors: Jakub Fabian , Mayer Bernhard 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The recently developed 3-D TenStream radiative transfer solver was integrated into the University of California, Los Angeles large-eddy simulation (UCLA-LES) cloud-resolving model. This work documents the overall performance of the TenStream solver as well as the technical challenges of migrating from 1-D schemes to 3-D schemes. In particular the employed Monte Carlo spectral integration needed to be reexamined in conjunction with 3-D radiative transfer. Despite the fact that the spectral sampling has to be performed uniformly over the whole domain, we find that the Monte Carlo spectral integration remains valid. To understand the performance characteristics of the coupled TenStream solver, we conducted weak as well as strong-scaling experiments. In this context, we investigate two matrix preconditioner: geometric algebraic multigrid preconditioning (GAMG) and block Jacobi incomplete LU (ILU) factorization and find that algebraic multigrid preconditioning performs well for complex scenes and highly parallelized simulations. The TenStream solver is tested for up to 4096 cores and shows a parallel scaling efficiency of 80–90 % on various supercomputers. Compared to the widely employed 1-D delta-Eddington two-stream solver, the computational costs for the radiative transfer solver alone increases by a factor of 5–10.
Streamflow recession patterns can help unravel the role of climate and humans in landscape co-evolution
Authors: Bogaart Patrick W. , van der Velde Ype , Lyon Steve W. , Dekker Stefan C. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Traditionally, long-term predictions of river discharges and their extremes include constant relationships between landscape properties and model parameters. However, due to the co-evolution of many landscape properties more sophisticated methods are necessary to quantify future landscape–hydrological model relationships. As a first step towards such an approach we use the Brutsaert and Nieber (1977) analysis method to characterize streamflow recession behaviour of  ≈  200 Swedish catchments within the context of global change and landscape co-evolution. Results suggest that the Brutsaert–Nieber parameters are strongly linked to the climate, soil, land use, and their interdependencies. Many catchments show a trend towards more non-linear behaviour, meaning not only faster initial recession but also slower recession towards base flow. This trend has been found to be independent from climate change. Instead, we suggest that land cover change, both natural (restoration of natural soil profiles in forested areas) and anthropogenic (reforestation and optimized water management), is probably responsible. Both change types are characterised by system adaptation and change, towards more optimal ecohydrological conditions, suggesting landscape co-evolution is at play. Given the observed magnitudes of recession changes during the past 50 years, predictions of future river discharge critically need to include the effects of landscape co-evolution. The interconnections between the controls of land cover and climate on river recession behaviour, as we have quantified in this paper, provide first-order handles to do so.
Potential genesis and implications of calcium nitrate in Antarctic snow
Authors: Mahalinganathan Kanthanathan , Thamban Meloth 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Among the large variety of particulates in the atmosphere, calcic mineral dust particles have highly reactive surfaces that undergo heterogeneous reactions with atmospheric acids contiguously. The association between nssCa2+, an important proxy indicator of mineral dust, and NO3−, a dominant anion in the Antarctic snowpack, was analysed. A total of 41 snow cores ( ∼  1 m each) that represent snow deposited during 2008–2009 were studied along coastal–inland transects from two different regions in East Antarctica – the Princess Elizabeth Land (PEL) and central Dronning Maud Land (cDML). Correlation statistics showed a strong association (at 99 % significance level) between NO3− and nssCa2+ at the near-coastal sections of both PEL (r  =  0.74) and cDML (r  =  0.82) transects. Similarly, a strong association between these ions was also observed in snow deposits at the inland sections of PEL (r  =  0.73) and cDML (r  =  0.84). Such systematic associations between nssCa2+ and NO3− are attributed to the interaction between calcic mineral dust and nitric acid in the atmosphere, leading to the formation of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) aerosol. Principal component analysis revealed common transport and depositional processes for nssCa2+ and NO3− both in PEL and cDML. Forward- and back-trajectory analyses using HYSPLIT model v. 4 revealed that southern South America (SSA) was an important dust-emitting source to the study region, aided by the westerlies. Particle size distribution showed that over 90 % of the dust was in the range  <  4 µm, indicating that these dust particles reached the Antarctic region via long-range transport from the SSA region. We propose that the association between nssCa2+ and NO3− occurs during the long-range transport due to the formation of Ca(NO3)2 rather than to local neutralisation processes. However, the influence of local dust sources from the nunataks in cDML and the contribution of high sea salt in coastal PEL evidently mask such association in the mountainous and coastal regions respectively. Ionic balance calculations showed that 70–75 % of NO3− in the coastal sections was associated with nssCa2+ (to form Ca(NO3)2). However, in the inland sections, 50–55 % of NO3− was present as HNO3. The study indicates that the input of dust-bound NO3− contributes a significant fraction of the total NO3− deposited in coastal Antarctic snow.
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Matonti Frederic , Pommier Stephan , Meyer Franck , Hajjar Christian , Merite Pierre Yves , Parrat Eric , Rouhette Herve , Rebollo Olivier , Guigou Sebastien 
Published: April 2016

Purpose To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of the dexamethasone intravitreal implant Ozurdex® in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods This was a retrospective noncomparative study. A total of 23 patients with DME followed for at least 12 months were included. All patients were treated with at least 2 Ozurdex® injections for the treatment of DME. Best-corrected visual acuity, central retinal thickness, intraocular pressure (IOP), and cataract progression were recorded over 12 months. Results From baseline, the mean decrease in central retinal thickness was 315.9 µm at the 12th month and the mean best-corrected visual acuity improvement from baseline was 8.7 letters. Ozurdex® is administered via the extended release system Novadur®. Its efficacy extends beyond 4 months with a single injection and permits allows good stabilization until the 12th month, with 2.13 injections during this period. An increase in IOP was observed in 13.1% of patients and all were managed using topical IOP-lowering medications. No glaucoma or cataract surgery was necessary, and no endophthalmitis was reported. Conclusions In real-life clinical practice, Ozurdex® has anatomical and functional effectiveness for the treatment of DME. Side effects were rare and manageable in our practice.
Pelvic Orientation for Total HIP Arthroplasty in Lateral Decubitus: Can it be Accurately Measured?
Authors: Sykes Alice M. , Hill Janet C. , Orr John F. , Gill Harinderjit S. , Salazar Jose J. , Humphreys Lee D. , Beverland David E. 
Published: April 2016

Introduction During total hip arthroplasty (THA), accurately predicting acetabular cup orientation remains a key challenge, in great part because of uncertainty about pelvic orientation. This pilot study aimed to develop and validate a technique to measure pelvic orientation; establish its accuracy in the location of anatomical landmarks and subsequently; investigate if limb movement during a simulated surgical procedure alters pelvic orientation. Methods The developed technique measured 3-D orientation of an isolated Sawbone pelvis, it was then implemented to measure pelvic orientation in lateral decubitus with post-THA patients (n = 20) using a motion capture system. Results Orientation of the isolated Sawbone pelvis was accurately measured, demonstrated by high correlations with angular data from a coordinate measurement machine; R-squared values close to 1 for all pelvic axes. When applied to volunteer subjects, largest movements occurred about the longitudinal pelvic axis; internal and external pelvic rotation. Rotations about the anteroposterior axis, which directly affect inclination angles, showed >75% of participants had movement within ±5° of neutral, 0°. Conclusions The technique accurately measured orientation of the isolated bony pelvis. This was not the case in a simulated theatre environment. Soft tissue landmarks were difficult to palpate repeatedly. These findings have direct clinical relevance, landmark registration in lateral decubitus is a potential source of error, contributing here to large ranges in measured movement. Surgeons must be aware that present techniques using bony landmarks to reference pelvic orientation for cup implantation, both computer-based and mechanical, may not be sufficiently accurate.
First Report of Cytokine Removal using CytoSorb® in Severe Noninfectious Inflammatory Syndrome after Liver Transplantation
Authors: Tomescu Dana R. , Dima Simona Olimpia , Ungureanu Daniela , Popescu Mihai , Tulbure Dan , Popescu Irinel 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Emergency transplantation of a donor liver that is not matched for the major blood antigens can produce marked immune-mediated cytokine release that can cause donor graft loss. Control of the inflammatory response may be a key element in treatment. Methods We present the case of a 46-year-old man with primary graft nonfunction after liver transplantation who underwent emergency retransplantation with an ABO-incompatible graft. A severe inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was noted in the perioperioperative period of retransplantation. The patient was successfully treated for this condition with a new hemoadsorption column (CytoSorb®), in combination with continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) throughout the intraoperative and early postoperative period. Results During and after each treatment a significant and rapid decrease of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was observed, especially for interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1). Reduction of cytokines was associated with normalization of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, and improved liver function. Conclusions We believe this is the first case in which hemoadsorptionin combination with CVVH has been used to manage SIRS in a patient with primary graft nonfunction undergoing emergency retransplantation.
Autoimmune Hepatitis: An Uncommon Presentation of Thymoma
Authors: Mendogni Paolo , Rosso Lorenzo , Tosi Davide , Palleschi Alessandro , Righi Ilaria , Minonzio Francesca , Fusco Nicola , Nosotti Mario 
Published: April 2016

Purpose In a substantial proportion of patients with thymoma, many different types of paraneoplastic syndromes are observed. The association between thymoma and autoimmune liver diseases, however, has been found in very few cases. Methods We report the case of a 31-year-old man affected by autoimmune hepatitis associated with myasthenia gravis and thymoma, successfully treated with extended thymectomy. Results The patient is free from neoplastic and hepatic disease 4 years after surgery. Eighteen months after thymectomy, an exacerbation of hepatitis was successfully treated with steroids. Conclusions To the authors’ knowledge, only 7 cases of myasthenia gravis associated with thymoma and autoimmune hepatitis have been reported in the English-language literature. The exact role of thymoma in immune-mediated hepatitis is unclear. It seems likely that thymoma-associated T-cell abnormalities, due to the presence of thymoma, may have a role in the development of this rare clinical triad of autoimmune hepatitis, thymoma and myasthenia gravis.
“The Lightning of My Being”: The Byronic Struggle and Apotheosis of John Proctor
Authors: Lorenz Matt 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThough some view John Proctor, the protagonist of Arthur Miller's Salem drama, The Crucible, as a modern example of the tragic hero, this article considers whether he bears an equal or greater resemblance to the Byronic hero, a character type with a more diverse and complicated heritage than commentators typically recognize. In particular, I examine Proctor's resemblance to three Byronic types—the Gothic Villain, the Noble Outlaw, and the Prometheus figure—with the aim of highlighting Byronic features of Proctor's heroism that Miller would have encountered on the page, stage or screen, even if he had never read Byron.
Translating Lady Philosophy: Chaucer and the Boethian Corpus of Cambridge, University Library MS Ii. 3. 21
Authors: Nielsen Melinda E. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The fifteenth-century Boethian compilation, Cambridge University Library MS Ii. 3. 21, brings together major interpretive strands concerning why Lady Philosophy, the dialogue's authoritative figure, is represented as a woman. Working within the commentary tradition, Chaucer's Boece presents Philosophy's “norisschynge” of Boethius as the defining characteristic of Philosophy's authority, and the fullest expression of all three of her roles as teacher, doctor, and wet-nurse. In so doing, Chaucer treats translation into “our dames tonge” as inextricably feminine and pedagogical.
Multi-Dimensional Reading in Two Manuscripts of Troilus and Criseyde
Authors: Baechle Sarah 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The Latin source glosses in Cambridge, St. John's College MS L. i (J) and Cambridge, University Library MS Gg. 4. 27 (Gg)—two fifteenth-century manuscripts of Troilus and Criseyde—are, despite their probable Chaucerian origin, infrequently discussed by scholars of Chaucer's works, and still less frequently thought to hold interpretive significance. Yet, these glosses, like their counterparts in the Canterbury Tales, demonstrate a complex hermeneutic of ambiguity that promotes multiple, at times competing, interpretations of the English verse. This article traces the links between the Troilus and Canterbury Tales glosses, charting the evolution of this Chaucerian marginal hermeneutic. It reads the glosses in J and Gg as an experimental early step toward the more elaborate marginal apparatus in the Canterbury Tales, one that demonstrates the same potential for richly intertextual interpretive ambiguity.
Buttery Flies: On the Alien Permanence of the InvAsian Irony of Permanent Aliens
Authors: Lee Kyoo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This piece revisits this old Asian American trope, “the perpetual foreigner-stranger over there and here,” by showing how and why irony, “invAsian” irony in particular, becomes the constant in the cultural ontology and phenomenology of Asian Americana, where the Asian American subject still figures as encroaching builder or unbuilding resident, a transfigurative threat to the narrative coherence of the nationalist US imaginary. These particularly “InvAsian,”1 dangerous and honorary “CauASIAN,” characters—however outdated and yellowing they may seem in the year 2015—still seem real enough; they are downwardly mobile noodle delivery men or upwardly mobile medical overachievers, riding up and down on the Great Chain of American Being, except that they are not laterally mobile, for they are still a little too strange, stupidly or smartly. So, the alien permanence of the “invAsian” irony of permanent aliens: how does this diehard cliché of fascination and fear, this contradictory object of condescension and condemnation, exist or subsist? The economized, i.e., selective and “invested”2 performance and mobilization of ethnoracial stereotypes captures the invAsian irony of America, which mirrors the deeper and wider Euro-American irony of identitarian anxieties over mythologized reality or territorialized origin. America, come on, really, where is your originality from?
Postcolonial Ambivalence and Phenomenological Ambiguity: Towards Recognizing Asian American Women's Agency
Authors: Lee Emily S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Homi Bhabha brings attention to the figure of the postcolonial metropolitan subject—a third world subject who resides in the first world. Bhabha describes the experiences of the “colonial” subject as ambivalently split. As much as his work is insightful, Bhabha's descriptions of the daily life of postcolonial metropolitan subjects as split and doubled is problematic. His analysis lends only to the possibility of these splittings/doublings as schizophrenically wholly arising. His analysis cannot account for the agonistic moments when the colonial subject is caught in not knowing, and in developing understanding about present circumstances.
A framework with an account of context and horizons, such as in phenomenology, can better depict the experiences of the postcolonial metropolitan subject. Maurice Merleau-Ponty follows a gestaltian contact with the world, which advances that the “most basic unit of experience is that of figure-on-a-background.” One perceives the figure/theme because of and within the background/horizon. In this horizonal framework, human experiences are ambiguously open.
The openness in the horizon of the gestaltian framework better accounts for the conditions Bhabha refers to as splitting. The ambivalence can be understood not simply as conundrums that defy understanding but as ambiguous moments for expanding, developing, and growing.
“I am not living next door to no zombie”: Posthumans and Prejudice
Authors: Cox Damian , Levine Michael 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Posthumanist film and television is both a vehicle for reflection on discrimination and prejudice and a means of gratifying in fantasy deeply imbedded human impulses towards prejudice. Discrimination lies at the heart of posthuman narratives whenever the posthuman coalesces around an identifiable group in conflict with humans. We first introduce the idea of prejudice as a form of psychological defense, contrasting it with other accounts of prejudice in the philosophical literature. We then apply this notion to number of posthumanist film and television narratives. An adequate account of prejudice tells us about posthumanism in film—the significance of posthumanist thinking, speculation and fantasy. It helps account for the proliferation of television series and films about people who—being at one time dead, still dead or partially dead, or only sometimes dead, or have powers and appetites we do not have—are borderline creatures: not fully us, but still near to us.
Beyond “De Rerum Naturâ, Esqr.”: Lucretius, Poe, and John Mason Good
Authors: Moreland Sean 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Scholars have previously noted Poe's passing references to the long didactic poem De Rerum Natura by the Roman poet Lucretius (ca. 99 BCE–55 BCE). This article asserts much greater significance to Poe's reception of this poem, particularly via a largely overlooked 1805 edition translated and annotated by the English writer John Mason Good (1764–1827). Careful comparative examination reveals the profound degree to which Poe's writings draw on Good's interpretations both in his version of The Nature of Things and his later work of natural theology, Book of Nature.
“Enta Omri, You Are My Life”: Embracing the Arab Self in André Aciman’s Harvard Square
Authors: Zonana Joyce 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
In most of his previous fiction and nonfiction writing, André Aciman constructs himself as a permanent exile, challenging Ammiel Alcalay’s claim that the Levantine Jewish experience gives the lie to the “modern myth of the Jew as pariah, outsider and wanderer.” Yet in his recent novel Harvard Square, Aciman approaches an affirmation of a very different kind of Levantine Jewish identity, exploring what Alcalay has called “the relationship of the Jew to the Arab within him- or herself” (28), and suggesting the possibility of a genuine homecoming for the Levantine Jewish self. Through his portrayal of the conflicted friendship between a diffident Egyptian-Jewish Harvard graduate student and a voluble, undocumented Tunisian cab driver, Aciman explores how his Jewish narrator, seeking to “pass” in America, simultaneously embraces and rejects his Arab double. In a counter-factual, hypothetical move at the conclusion of his narrative, the narrator confesses his love for the double, though the fact remains that he has, in truth, rejected and abandoned him.
After the Revolution to the War on Terror: Iranian Jewish American Literature in the United States
Authors: Mirakhor Leah 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The essay examines the sometimes synchronistic relationships in Iranian Jewish American literature between reading practices, aesthetics, and politics from the Iran hostage crisis to the War on Terror. As such, Mirakhor describes key features of this canon (its articulations of an imaginary homeland, struggles with assimilation, and belonging neither here nor there as Iranian Jews), as well as its relationship to the larger canons of Middle Eastern/Arab diasporic literatures and American literatures. Examining the works of writers such as Gina Nahai and Roya Hakakian, as well as the Bravo TV series The Shahs of Sunset, Mirakhor critiques the political and ideological dangers of neo-Orientalist and neoliberal rhetorical practices, as well as revealing some of the untethered possibilities in creating more multifaceted, nuanced articulations of “Iranian” and “Jewish” in the United States in the twenty-first century.
Lead exposure of Bangladeshi women at childbearing age: Does mother's education reduce fetal risk factors?
Authors: Neelotpol Sharmind , Hia Raksa Andalib 
Published: April 2016

Lead is one of the oldest toxins existing in the environment that can affect almost all organs of the body without any noticeable symptom. Depending on its concentration in the body, lead may cause lower IQ level, autism, abnormal pregnancy outcome, abortion, and increased involvement in crime. As lead can cross the placental barrier and affect the fetus, pregnant women, fetuses, and children are more vulnerable to lead poisoning because of rapid bone mobilization and neurodevelopment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the awareness of lead exposure among Bangladeshi women of childbearing age on the basis of their educational level. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the participants comprising both less-educated (n = 62) and more-educated (n = 52) women. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version20), and relevant statistical techniques were used to draw the results. The findings showed highly significant differences between the two groups in relation to economic condition, lifestyle, residential location, use of traditional cosmetics, and food habit (p < 0.0001). Although the more-educated women claimed that they were aware of the harmful effects of lead, as opposed to the less-educated women not being aware (p < 0.0001), they failed to substantiate their claim because this was not reflected in their everyday practices as revealed by the ‘previous birth outcome records’ of their fetuses. This indicated that their knowledge or awareness of lead, particularly its sources and detrimental effects, remained superficial, and their educational background had no statistically significant difference with respect to the awareness of lead toxicity (p = 0.103). Given that a mother's exposure to lead can directly affect her fetus, this study bears high significance, as the results imply that if women are aware of the sources of lead and the consequences of lead poisoning, the body burden of lead could be reduced in the next generation, which, in turn, would have a high economic impact.