bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Distribution of Vertebral Hemangiomas Including a Novel Geographic Map
Authors: Brochin L. , Silver Joshua S. , Thornhill Beverly A. , Blosser Samantha A. , Abraham John A. , Hoang Bang H. , Yang Rui , David Geller S. 
Published: October 2017

Background: The purpose of this study is to characterize the distribution and radiographic features of vertebral hemangiomas (VH). Methods: A retrospective Institutional Review Board- approved radiographic review of all vertebral hemangiomas diagnosed over a 2-year period was conducted at a singleinstitution academic medical center. Patient demographics and lesion-specific features were recorded. A novel system for mapping VH within the vertebra was utilized. Results: Seven hundred twenty-six patients (age range: 12 to 97 years; mean: 59.1 years; ratio: 508:218 female-to-male) were found to have a total of 998 vertebral hemangiomas. VH were frequently multifocal (297 patients, 40.9%). VH were found to occur more frequently in the lumbar spine compared to the cervical and thoracic spines and sacrum (p < 0.001). VH more commonly occur in the superior aspects of the vertebral body (p = 0.048). Symptomatic cases were rare (2 cases, 0.2%). Conclusions: VH are a frequent incidental finding on spinal imaging studies. Recognizing characteristic features and understanding their usual asymptomatic course may help prevent unnecessary clinical investigation.
A Curriculum for Teaching the Foundation Tool Skills to First-Year Orthopaedic Surgery Residents
Authors: Levy Martin I. , Fornari Eric D. , Schulz Jacob F. , Pryor Karen W. , McKeon Theresa R. , Kuhn Lorraine J. 
Published: October 2017

Background: In an effort to satisfy the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) requirement for a month-long orthopaedic skills rotation, programs often construct a skills curriculum that is procedurally based. As an alternative, we describe a skills program that teaches individual tool skills to fluency (accuracy at speed) using instructional modules that are innovative, challenging, inexpensive, and when combined with an operant learning program, encourage deliberate practice. Methods: The orthopaedic faculty identified 14 surgical tools that postgraduate year one (PGY-1) orthopaedic residents should use fluently before encountering them in the operating room. A curriculum was designed to teach the foundation and component behaviors necessary to achieve fluency. The curriculum was composed of 16 modules and 72 sub-modules and was presented to the 2014 and 2015 PGY-1 orthopaedic residents during a 1-month dedicated rotation (July 2014 and July 2015). Upon completion of the first rotation, the six members of the 2014 PGY-1 class were asked to complete timed tasks to evaluate their skills. Both the 2014 and 2015 classes were asked to fill out a detailed survey evaluating the tool modules and the module instructors. The costs of the modules were recorded. Results: All six members of the 2014 PGY-1 class completed all of their timed tasks. One resident did not successfully perform one of four knot tying tasks and another resident did not successfully perform a drill task. Twelve residents, (all six members of both the 2014 and 2015 PGY-1 classes) completed the survey. All of the 2015 class (6/6) considered themselves comfortable with at least half of the tools, and five of the six members of the 2015 class were comfortable with all of the tools. The survey also indicated that teachers successfully communicated the goals of the modules, gave clear instructions and contributed to the module’s success. The total cost for the skills month, for six residents, was $11,730 ($122/resident/module). Conclusions: A curriculum was designed to teach PGY-1 orthopaedic residents the foundation skills necessary to use 14 orthopaedic tools fluently. The objective of teaching the foundation and complex behaviors required to use the 14 selected tools was achieved. That goal was accomplished using a precisely defined curriculum in a supportive environment that enabled deliberate practice. It was done in a way that was cost-effective and easily reproduced at other academic institutions. However, it still must be determined if these acquired skills transfer to environments outside the laboratory.
Role of the body self and self-esteem in experiencing the intensity of menopausal symptoms
Authors: Włodarczyk Małgorzata , Dolińska-Zygmunt Grażyna 
Published: October 2017

Cel pracyCelem badania było sprawdzenie różnic w zakresie samooceny oraz takich aspektów Ja cielesnego (body self) jak: siła Ja cielesnego, obraz ciała, komfort w sytuacji bliskości fizycznej oraz ochrona ciała pomiędzy kobietami ujawniającymi dużą i małą intensywność psychicznych, wazomotorycznych i somatycznych objawów menopauzy.MetodaW badaniu wzięło udział 201 kobiet w wieku 45-55 lat. W celu oceny intensywności objawów menopauzy zastosowano Kwestionariusz Moje Samopoczucie, do zdiagnozowania Ja cielesnego wykorzystano kwestionariusz Ja cielesne, a do oceny poziomu samooceny zastosowano Skalę Samooceny Rosenberga. W celu oceny różnic pomiędzy kobietami doświadczającymi małej i dużej intensywności objawów menopauzy zastosowano test t studenta dla prób niezależnych.WynikiKobiety doświadczające dużej intensywności psychicznych, wazomotorycznych i somatycznych objawów menopauzy ujawniały istotnie statystycznie niższą samoocenę, gorsze funkcjonowanie Ja cielesnego , negatywny obraz ciała oraz mały komfort w sytuacji bliskości fizycznej innych osób. Jedynie ochrona ciała nie różnicowała badanych kobiet.WnioskiKobiety o dużej intensywności psychicznych, wazomotorycznych i somatycznych objawów menopauzy charakteryzują się gorszym funkcjonowaniem Ja cielesnego oraz niższą samooceną.
Privacy Protection, Personalized Medicine, and Genetic Testing
Authors: Miller Amalia R. , Tucker Catherine 
Published: October 2017

This paper explores how state genetic privacy laws affect the diffusion of personalized medicine, using data on genetic testing for cancer risks. State genetic privacy regimes employ and combine up to three alternative approaches to protecting patient privacy: Rules requiring that an individual is notified about potential privacy risks; rules restricting discriminatory usage of genetic data by employers or insurance companies; and rules limiting redisclosure without the consent of the individual. We find empirically that approaches to genetic and health privacy that give users control over redisclosure encourage the spread of genetic testing, but that notification deters individuals from obtaining genetic tests. We present some evidence that the latter reflects costs imposed on the supply of genetic testing by hospitals. We find no effects of state genetic antidiscrimination laws on genetic testing rates. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2858 . This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Acute Effects of the Elevation Training Mask on Strength Performance in Recreational Weight lifters
Authors: Jagim Andrew R. , Dominy Trevor A. , Camic Clayton L. , Wright Glenn , Doberstein Scott , Jones Margaret T. , Oliver Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Jagim, AR, Dominy, TA, Camic, CL, Wright, G, Doberstein, S, Jones, MT, and Oliver, JM. Acute effects of the elevation training mask on strength performance in recreational weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res 32(2): 482–489, 2018—The Elevation Training Mask 2.0 (ETM) is a novel device that purportedly simulates altitude training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of the ETM on resistance exercise performance, metabolic stress markers, and ratings of mental fatigue. Twenty male recreational weight lifters completed 2 training sessions of back squat and bench press (6 sets of 10 repetitions at 85% of 5-repetition maximum and seventh set to failure) as well as a maximal effort sprint test (18% body mass) with the mask (ETM) and without the mask (NM). Training evaluation included baseline and postexercise blood lactate and oxygen saturation measures. Performance evaluation included peak and average velocity bar velocity, total volume load, total work, total repetitions completed, and sprint performance. Adverse side effects were reported in 12% (n = 3) of participants, which included feelings of light headedness, anxiety, and discomfort. No differences were found in repetitions or total workload in back squat (p = 0.07) or bench press (p = 0.08) between conditions. A lower peak velocity was identified during the back squat, bench press, and sprint test in the ETM condition (p = 0.04). Blood lactate values were lower after bench press and sprint during the ETM condition (p < 0.001). Significantly lower ratings of alertness and focus for task were found after squat, bench press, and sprint test in the ETM condition compared with the NM condition (p < 0.001). Wearing the ETM during bouts of resistance training did not hinder the ability to achieve desired training volumes during the resistance training session. However, wearing the ETM does seem to attenuate the ability to maintain working velocity during training bouts and negatively influence ratings of alertness and focus for task.
Autocrine Interleukin-10 Mediates Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor-Induced Spinal Microglial β-Endorphin Expression
Authors: Wu Hai-Yun , Tang Xue-Qi , Mao Xiao-Fang , Wang Yong-Xiang 
Published: October 2017

The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exenatide stimulates microglial β-endorphin expression and subsequently produces neuroprotection and antinociception. This study illustrated an unrecognized autocrine role of IL-10 in mediation of exenatide-induced β-endorphin expression. Treatment with exenatide in cultured primary spinal microglia concentration dependently stimulated the expression of the M2 microglial markers IL-10, IL-4, Arg 1, and CD206, but not the M1 microglial markers TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, or CD68. Intrathecal exenatide injection also significantly upregulated spinal microglial expression of IL-10, IL-4, Arg 1, and CD206, but not TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, or CD68. Intrathecal injection of exenatide stimulated spinal microglial expression of IL-10 and β-endorphin in neuropathic rats. Furthermore, treatment with IL-10 (but not IL-4) stimulated β-endorphin expression in cultured primary microglia, whereas treatment with β-endorphin failed to increase IL-10 expression. The IL-10-neutralizing antibody entirely blocked exenatide-induced spinal microglial expression of β-endorphinin vitroandin vivoand fully blocked exenatide mechanical antiallodynia in neuropathic rats. Moreover, specific cAMP/PKA/p38 signal inhibitors and siRNA/p38β, but not siRNA/p38α, completely blocked exenatide-induced IL-10 expression in cultured primary microglia. Knock-down of IL-10 receptor-α mRNA using siRNA fully inhibited exenatide-induced spinal microglial β-endorphin expression and mechanical antiallodynia in neuropathy. Exenatide also markedly stimulated phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3 in cultured primary microglia and β-endorphin stimulation was completely inhibited by the specific STAT3 activation inhibitor. These results revealed that IL-10 in microglia mediated β-endorphin expression after GLP-1 receptor activation through the autocrine cAMP/PKA/p38β/CREB and subsequent IL-10 receptor/STAT3 signal pathways.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTActivation of GLP-1 receptors specifically and simultaneously stimulates the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4, as well as the neuroprotective factor β-endorphin from microglia. GLP-1 receptor agonism induces β-endorphin expression and antinociception through autocrine release of IL-10. Activation of GLP-1 receptors stimulates IL-10 and β-endorphin expression subsequently through the Gs-cAMP/PKA/p38β/CREB and IL-10/IL-10 receptor-α/STAT3 signal transduction pathways.
Forming a Crisis Resolution Mechanism in International Law
Authors: Nagorniak Mykhailo 
Published: October 2017

This article examines modern approaches to assessing the effectiveness of international legal norms, analyzes international law aspects of the use of military force, and defines the criteria of its adminissibility and legitimacy as a means of conflict resolution. It differentiates between inviolability of the state sovereignty and human rights protection in the aspect of military invasion based on humanitarian reasons. This note emphasizes that at the inception of the multipolar international system, the old legal toolkit, which dates back to the Cold War period is incapable of solving problems that arise in the 21th century. The examples provided here demonstrate that not only do the key geopolitical players ignore the current norms of international law and contractual obligations but they also manipulate the law to justify their geopolitical plans.
The more resources the countries own the more they are capable of ignoring the norms of international law, thus creating a threat to peace and security in the world. Attention is drawn to the fact that mechanism of solving crises begins to emerge outside the legal field, which leads to an imbalance between the condition of international law and the international legal order. The necessity of reforming the UN, which should be accompanied by the introduction of a number of changes in international law and the revision of the powers and functions of the International Court, is emphasized. Yet any political and legal innovations have to be considered from the perspective of the role of international law as a potential means of protecting the ‘weaker’ states from the ‘more powerful’ ones
Psychoanalytic Discourse of the 1920s-1930s Ukrainian Novellas
Authors: Maftyn Natalia 
Published: October 2017

The article highlights the impact of Freud’s ideas on the Ukrainian prose between the Two World Wars. The analysis of the works by V. Pidmohylnyi and I. Cherniava shows that in literary texts, the erotic-death paradigm is one of the ‘modernist’ algorithms for plot development; in the novellas, this paradigm affects the process of conflict modeling and conflict development.
It is rightly believed that V. Pidmohylnyi’s dominant literary interest was the ‘helplessness of human morality before the temptations of crime’. In the novella analyzed in this study, Pidmohylnyi adopts the perspective of the ontogenesis of the human soul at the age of puberty. I. Cherniava explores the theme of subconscious ‘temptation of crime’ a wicked and thoughtless children’s game is sure to unleash. The two stories have many features in common: they are thematically close; in both of them, the plot is based on the Freudian ideas; stylistically, they are realist-oriented works with certain elements of naturalism. The novellas belong to the same type of structurally modified literary works, in which the action is no more important than the resultant psychic changes in the characters.
In both novellas, the plot is built around stable structural-behavioural patterns of human culture (in Vania, it is the initiation trial pattern; in The Execution, the perverse play pattern, the game of a trial transformed into a crime). Both works have rather specific expositions, which fulfill the function of ‘Vorgeschichte’ – they tell a reader about certain psychic inclinations of the characters and present the projection of the central theme. In both novellas, the plot type, which determines the development of action, is outlined in the prehistory. Structurally, the two novellas are based on parallelism of events. As to their style, both works bear the features of naturalism
VILNIAUS BAZILIJONŲ SPAUSTUVĖS (1628–1845) VEIKLOS ORGANIZAVIMAS
Authors: Kažuro Ina 
Published: October 2017

Vilniaus bazilijonų spaustuvė paliko ryškų pėdsaką Lietuvos kultūros istorijoje. Joje spausdinta lenkų, lotynų, bažnytine slavų, lietuvių, latvių kalbomis, bazilijonų išleistose knygose yra kūrinių ir kitomis Europos kalbomis: italų, prancūzų, graikų, anglų. Platindami įvairiakalbę literatūrą bazilijonai prisidėjo prie daugiatautės LDK kultūros formavimosi bei modernios visuomeninės raidos. Vilniaus bazilijonų knygos yra sulaukusios tyrinėtojų dėmesio, bet iki šiol mažai tirtos materialinės sąlygos, kuriomis vyko leidybinė bazilijonų veikla. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami svarbiausi klausimai, susiję su spaustuvės veiklos organizavimu nuo XVII a. iki spaustuvės uždarymo ir išpardavimo 1845 m.: spaustuvės lokalizacija ir patalpos, teisinė padėtis, valdytojai ir darbuotojai, techninis įrengimas, produkcijos realizavimas. Spaustuvės materialinių sąlygų tyrimas padeda atskleisti veiksnius, lėmusius spaudos darbų raidą ir nuosmukį, suprasti įvairiakalbės kelių konfesijų produkcijos atsiradimo priežastis institucinėje įmonėje.
KILNOJAMŲJŲ KULTŪROS VERTYBIŲ APSAUGOS IR EKSTREM ALIŲ SITUACIJŲ VALDYMAS: DVIEJŲ LIETUVOS ATMINTIES INSTITUCIJŲ ATVEJIS
Authors: Dacytė Gerda Sigita 
Published: October 2017

Straipsnis skiriamas išnagrinėti apsaugos ir ekstremalių situacijų valdymui pasirinktose Lietuvos atminties institucijose. Analizuojami tarptautiniai teisės aktai ir Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymai, reglamentuojantys nagrinėjamą sritį. Pabrėžiama Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymų įgyvendinamųjų teisės aktų reikšmė kultūros paveldo apsaugos reglamentavimui ir jo įgyvendinimui. Analizuojamas atliktas apsaugos ir ekstremalių situacijų valdymo Lietuvos mokslų akademijos Vrublevskių bibliotekoje ir Nacionaliniame muziejuje Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės valdovų rūmuose tyrimas. Tyrimo metu gautus duomenis lyginant tarpusavyje siekta atskleisti panašumus ir skirtumus tarp teisinio kilnojamųjų kultūros vertybių apsaugos ir ekstremalių situacijų valdymo reglamentavimo bei praktinio jo įgyvendinimo Lietuvos Respublikos atminties institucijose. Prieita prie išvados, kad atminties institucijos vadovaujasi Lietuvos Respublikos teisės aktais, reglamentuojančiais kilnojamųjų kultūros vertybių apsaugą, apsaugos priemones įgyvendina tik įsitikinusios jų nauda ir efektyvumu.
Prenatal Exposure to Acetaminophen and Risk of ADHD
Authors: Ystrom Eivind , Gustavson Kristin , Brandlistuen Ragnhild Eek , Knudsen Gun Peggy , Magnus Per , Susser Ezra , Davey Smith George , Stoltenberg Camilla , Surén Pål , Håberg Siri E. , Hornig Mady , Lipkin W. Ian , Nordeng Hedvig , Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVES:To estimate the association between maternal use of acetaminophen during pregnancy and of paternal use before pregnancy with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring while adjusting for familial risk for ADHD and indications of acetaminophen use.METHODS:Diagnoses were obtained from the Norwegian Patient Registry for 112 973 offspring from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, including 2246 with ADHD. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for an ADHD diagnosis by using Cox proportional hazard models.RESULTS:After adjusting for maternal use of acetaminophen before pregnancy, familial risk for ADHD, and indications of acetaminophen use, we observed a modest association between any prenatal maternal use of acetaminophen in 1 (HR = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96–1.19), 2 (HR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.07–1.38), and 3 trimesters (HR = 1.27; 95% CI 0.99–1.63). The HR for more than 29 days of maternal acetaminophen use was 2.20 (95% CI 1.50–3.24). Use for &lt;8 days was negatively associated with ADHD (HR = 0.90; 95% CI 0.81–1.00). Acetaminophen use for fever and infections for 22 to 28 days was associated with ADHD (HR = 6.15; 95% CI 1.71–22.05). Paternal and maternal use of acetaminophen were similarly associated with ADHD.CONCLUSIONS:Short-term maternal use of acetaminophen during pregnancy was negatively associated with ADHD in offspring. Long-term maternal use of acetaminophen during pregnancy was substantially associated with ADHD even after adjusting for indications of use, familial risk of ADHD, and other potential confounders.
Duration of Breastfeeding and Risk of SIDS: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis
Authors: Thompson John M.D. , Tanabe Kawai , Moon Rachel Y. , Mitchell Edwin A. , McGarvey Cliona , Tappin David , Blair Peter S. , Hauck Fern R. 
Published: October 2017

CONTEXT:
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a leading cause of postneonatal infant mortality. Our previous meta-analyses showed that any breastfeeding is protective against SIDS with exclusive breastfeeding conferring a stronger effect.The duration of breastfeeding required to confer a protective effect is unknown.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the associations between breastfeeding duration and SIDS.

DATA SOURCES:
Individual-level data from 8 case-control studies.

STUDY SELECTION:
Case-control SIDS studies with breastfeeding data.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Breastfeeding variables, demographic factors, and other potential confounders were identified. Individual-study and pooled analyses were performed.

RESULTS:
A total of 2267 SIDS cases and 6837 control infants were included. In multivariable pooled analysis, breastfeeding for &lt;2 months was not protective (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68–1.22). Any breastfeeding ≥2 months was protective, with greater protection seen with increased duration (2–4 months: aOR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44–0.82; 4–6 months: aOR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.26–0.63; and &gt;6 months: aOR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.22–0.61). Although exclusive breastfeeding for &lt;2 months was not protective (aOR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.59–1.14), longer periods were protective (2–4 months: aOR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42–0.87; 4–6 months: aOR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.29–0.74).

LIMITATIONS:
The variables collected in each study varied slightly, limiting our ability to include all studies in the analysis and control for all confounders.

CONCLUSIONS:
Breastfeeding duration of at least 2 months was associated with half the risk of SIDS. Breastfeeding does not need to be exclusive to confer this protection.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE RECONCILIACIÓN. UN RETO POSIBLE EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN Y LA SOSTENIBILIDAD DE LA PAZ EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Bueno Cipagauta María Angélica 
Published: October 2017

Este artículo pretende generar un análisis sobre la necesidad de abordar la reconciliación, como un proceso integral, sistémico y progresivo que permita dar sostenibilidad a la construcción de la paz luego de la firma del Acuerdo entre el gobierno colombiano y las FARC – EP. Para ello, bajo el marco de los Estudios de Paz, se plantea como la reconciliación en los escenarios de transición a la paz, no es un concepto abstracto, ni es exclusivo de las víctimas y los victimarios, sino que debe ser un proceso progresivo, de largo plazo, que implica a la sociedad en su conjunto y que se debe expresar a través de políticas públicas. Desde este enfoque, la reconciliación se convierte en el eje que atraviesa la implementación de los mecanismos de justicia transicional, la reconstrucción del tejido social y la consolidación de la democracia participativa.
JUSTICIA GUERRILLERA EN TIEMPOS DE NEGOCIACIÓN: FUNCIONAMIENTO Y RETOS EN EL POST-ACUERDO
Authors: Urdaneta Juan Sebastián 
Published: October 2017

El artículo se propone explorar el funcionamiento de la administración de justicia de las FARC durante el último tramo de las negociaciones entre el gobierno y la guerrilla en algunas regiones del suroriente colombiano. A través de la especificidad de un estudio de caso, y haciendo uso de entrevistas estructuradas y semi-estructuradas, se busca caracterizar las formas de justicia que operan en los territorios en contraposición de las tesis que argumentan la ausencia de derecho en las periferias nacionales. Partiendo del pluralismo jurídico como fuente teórica, se examinan las normas, burocracias y sanciones que le permiten a la guerrilla organizar las relaciones sociales, siempre con apoyo de las Juntas de Acción Comunal. En esta línea se proponen algunas similitudesy contradicciones con la justicia estatal de cara a los retos que representa el postacuerdo.
EL CONFLICTO ARMADO A LA LUZ DE LAS INCURSIONES GUERRILLERAS
Authors: Machuca Diana 
Published: October 2017

Aguilera, M.; Vargas, A; Marulanda, L; Sánchez, L. (2016). "El conflicto armado a la luz de las incursiones guerrilleras", en Tomas y Ataques Guerrilleros (1965-2013). Ciudad: Bogotá. Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica (CNMH)-Universidad Nacional de Colombia. P.496.