bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial genomic variation and phylogenetic relationships of three groups in the genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae)
Authors: Du Yimin , Dai Wu , Dietrich Christopher H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe widespread leafhopper genus Scaphoideus Uhler is the most diverse genus in Scaphoideini and includes some species that are serious pests and vectors of plant pathogens. Here the first Scaphoideus mitogenome sequences are provided for three species, S. maai, S. nigrivalveus and S. varius, representing three main species groups in the Oriental region based on color pattern. The lengths of these three mitogenomes were 15,188, 15,235 and 15,207 bp, respectively. Gene order of three mitogenomes is highly conserved and identical to that of the putative ancestral insect. All three mitogenomes exhibited similar AT nucleotide bias, AT-, GC-skews and codon usage. One large 101 bp intergenic spacer between trnY and cox1 was in S. varius. All 22 tRNA genes had typical cloverleaf secondary structures, except for trnS1 (AGN) which appears to lack the dihydrouridine arm. Genes atp8, nad6 and nad2 were highly variable while cox1 showed the lowest nucleotide diversity. Phylogenetic analyses of three concatenated nucleotide datasets using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, comprising all 13 mitogenomes currently available for Membracoidea plus mitogenomes for eight outgroup species representing other cicadomorphan superfamilies, yielded the same topology in which Scaphoideus species formed a monophyletic group within a larger clade comprising three other included Deltocephalinae.
KIF1Bβ increases ROS to mediate apoptosis and reinforces its protein expression through O
2

−
in a positive feedback mechanism in neuroblastoma
Authors: Angelina Clara , Tan Irene Sze Ying , Choo Zhang’e , Lee Oswald Zhao Jian , Pervaiz Shazib , Chen Zhi Xiong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRelapse-prone, poor prognosis neuroblastoma is frequently characterized by deletion of chr1p36 where tumor suppressor gene KIF1Bβ resides. Interestingly, many 1p36-positive patients failed to express KIF1Bβ protein. Since altered cellular redox status has been reported to be involved in cell death and protein modification, we investigated the relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and KIF1Bβ. Here, we showed that wild-type KIF1Bβ protein expression positively correlates with superoxide (O2−) and total ROS levels in neuroblastoma cells, unlike apoptotic loss-of-function KIF1Bβ mutants. Overexpression of KIF1Bβ apoptotic domain variants increases total ROS and, specifically O2−, whereas knockdown of endogenous KIF1Bβ decreases ROS and O2−. Interestingly, O2− increases KIF1Bβ protein expression, independent of the proteasomal degradation pathway. Scavenging O2− or ROS decreases KIF1Bβ protein expression and subsequent apoptosis. Moreover, treatment with investigational redox compound Gliotoxin increases O2−, KIF1Bβ protein expression, apoptosis and colony formation inhibition. Overall, our findings suggest that ROS and O2− may be important downstream effectors of KIF1Bβ-mediated apoptosis. Subsequently, O2− produced may increase KIF1Bβ protein expression in a positive feedback mechanism. Therefore, ROS and, specifically O2−, may be critical regulators of KIF1Bβ-mediated apoptosis and its protein expression in neuroblastoma.
Hydrothermal treatment and butylphosphonic acid derived self-assembled monolayers for improving the surface chemistry and corrosion resistance of AZ61 magnesium alloy
Authors: Yang Chung-Wei , Liu Cheng , Lin Da-Jun , Yeh Ming-Long , Lee Tzer-Min 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe hydrothermal treatment followed by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 1-butylphosphonic acid through the tethering by aggregation and growth (T-BAG) method was employed to produce protective surface coatings on the Mg-6Al-1Zn alloy (AZ61) for reducing the degradation rate in physiological environments. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements revealed that the organic self-assembled monolayer and Mg(OH)2 coating can further enhance the surface chemical stability and corrosion resistance of Mg alloys. SAM-treated Mg(OH)2 coatings can be served as a more passive surface layer as a result of their much higher charge transfer resistance and the presence of Warburg impedance in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement.
De novo design of RNA-binding proteins with a prion-like domain related to ALS/FTD proteinopathies
Authors: Mitsuhashi Kana , Ito Daisuke , Mashima Kyoko , Oyama Munenori , Takahashi Shinichi , Suzuki Norihiro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAberrant RNA-binding proteins form the core of the neurodegeneration cascade in spectrums of disease, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Six ALS-related molecules, TDP-43, FUS, TAF15, EWSR1, heterogeneous nuclear (hn)RNPA1 and hnRNPA2 are RNA-binding proteins containing candidate mutations identified in ALS patients and those share several common features, including harboring an aggregation-prone prion-like domain (PrLD) containing a glycine/serine-tyrosine-glycine/serine (G/S-Y-G/S)-motif-enriched low-complexity sequence and rich in glutamine and/or asparagine. Additinally, these six molecules are components of RNA granules involved in RNA quality control and become mislocated from the nucleus to form cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IBs) in the ALS/FTD-affected brain. To reveal the essential mechanisms involved in ALS/FTD-related cytotoxicity associated with RNA-binding proteins containing PrLDs, we designed artificial RNA-binding proteins harboring G/S-Y-G/S-motif repeats with and without enriched glutamine residues and nuclear-import/export-signal sequences and examined their cytotoxicity in vitro. These proteins recapitulated features of ALS-linked molecules, including insoluble aggregation, formation of cytoplasmic IBs and components of RNA granules, and cytotoxicity instigation. These findings indicated that these artificial RNA-binding proteins mimicked features of ALS-linked molecules and allowed the study of mechanisms associated with gain of toxic functions related to ALS/FTD pathogenesis.
Evidence for a novel function of Awd in maintenance of genomic stability
Authors: Romani Patrizia , Duchi Serena , Gargiulo Giuseppe , Cavaliere Valeria 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe abnormal wing discs (awd) gene encodes the Drosophila homolog of NME1/NME2 metastasis suppressor genes. Awd acts in multiple tissues where its function is critical in establishing and maintaining epithelial integrity. Here, we analysed awd gene function in Drosophila epithelial cells using transgene-mediated RNA interference and genetic mosaic analysis. We show that awd knockdown in larval wing disc epithelium leads to chromosomal instability (CIN) and induces apoptosis mediated by activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Forced maintenance of Awd depleted cells, by expressing the cell death inhibitor p35, downregulates atypical protein kinase C and DE-Cadherin. Consistent with their loss of cell polarity and enhanced level of matrix metalloproteinase 1, cells delaminate from wing disc epithelium. Furthermore, the DNA content profile of these cells indicates that they are aneuploid. Overall, our data demonstrate a novel function for awd in maintenance of genomic stability. Our results are consistent with other studies reporting that NME1 down-regulation induces CIN in human cell lines and suggest that Drosophila model could be successfully used to study in vivo the impact of NME/Awd - induced genomic instability on tumour development and metastasis formation.
661W is a retinal ganglion precursor-like cell line in which glaucoma-associated optineurin mutants induce cell death selectively
Authors: Sayyad Zuberwasim , Sirohi Kapil , Radha Vegesna , Swarup Ghanshyam 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA photoreceptor cell line, 661W, derived from a mouse retinal tumor that expresses several markers of cone photoreceptor cells has been described earlier. However, these cells can be differentiated into neuronal cells. Here, we report that this cell line expressed certain markers specific to retinal ganglion cells such as Rbpms, Brn3b (Pou4f2), Brn3c (Pou4f3), Thy1 and γ-synuclein (Sncg), and some other markers of neuronal cells (beta-III tubulin, NeuN and MAP2). These cells also expressed Opn1mw, a cone-specific marker and nestin, a marker for neural precursor cells. Two glaucoma-associated mutants of OPTN, E50K and M98K, but not an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated mutant, E478G, induced cell death selectively in 661W cells. However, in a motor neuron cell line, NSC34, E478G mutant of OPTN but not E50K and M98K induced cell death. We conclude that 661W is a retinal ganglion precursor-like cell line, which shows properties of both retinal ganglion and photoreceptor cells. We suggest that these cells could be utilized for exploring the mechanisms of cell death induction and cytoprotection relevant for glaucoma pathogenesis. RGC-5 cell line which probably arose from 661W cells showed expression of essentially the same markers of retinal ganglion cells and neuronal cells as seen in 661W cells.
The sensitivity and stability of bacterioplankton community structure to wind-wave turbulence in a large, shallow, eutrophic lake
Authors: Zhou Jian , Qin Boqiang , Han Xiaoxia , Jin Decai , Wang Zhiping 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLakes are strongly influenced by wind-driven wave turbulence. The direct physical effects of turbulence on bacterioplankton community structure however, have not yet been addressed and remains poorly understood. To examine the stability of bacterioplankton communities under turbulent conditions, we simulated conditions in the field to evaluate the responses of the bacterioplankton community to physical forcing in Lake Taihu, using high-throughput sequencing and flow cytometry. A total of 4,520,231 high quality sequence reads and 74,842 OTUs were obtained in all samples with α-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria and Actinobacteria being the most dominant taxa. The diversity and structure of bacterioplankton communities varied during the experiment, but were highly similar based on the same time of sampling, suggesting that bacterioplankton communities are insensitive to wind wave turbulence in the lake. This stability could be associated with the traits associated with bacteria. In particular, turbulence favored the growth of bacterioplankton, which enhanced biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in the lake. This study provides a better understanding of bacterioplankton communities in lake ecosystems exposed to natural mixing/disturbances.
Tomography of cool giant and supergiant star atmospheres
Authors: Kravchenko K. , Van Eck S. , Chiavassa A. , Jorissen A. , Freytag B. , Plez B. 
Published: November 2017

Context. Cool giant and supergiant star atmospheres are characterized by complex velocity fields originating from convection and pulsation processes which are not fully understood yet. The velocity fields impact the formation of spectral lines, which thus contain information on the dynamics of stellar atmospheres.
Aim. The tomographic method allows to recover the distribution of the component of the velocity field projected on the line of sight at different optical depths in the stellar atmosphere. The computation of the contribution function to the line depression aims at correctly identifying the depth of formation of spectral lines in order to construct numerical masks probing spectral lines forming at different optical depths.
Methods. The tomographic method is applied to one-dimensional (1D) model atmospheres and to a realistic three-dimensional (3D) radiative hydrodynamics simulation performed with CO5BOLD in order to compare their spectral line formation depths and velocity fields.
Results. In 1D model atmospheres, each spectral line forms in a restricted range of optical depths. On the other hand, in 3D simulations, the line formation depths are spread in the atmosphere mainly because of temperature and density inhomogeneities. Comparison of cross-correlation function profiles obtained from 3D synthetic spectra with velocities from the 3D simulation shows that the tomographic method correctly recovers the distribution of the velocity component projected on the line of sight in the atmosphere.
The ALMA-PILS Survey: Formaldehyde deuteration in warm gas on small scales toward IRAS 16293–2422 B
Authors: Persson M. V. , Jørgensen J. K. , Müller H. S. P. , Coutens A. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Taquet V. , Calcutt H. , van der Wiel M. H. D. , Bourke T. L. , Wampfler S. F. 
Published: November 2017

Context.The enhanced degrees of deuterium fractionation observed in envelopes around protostars demonstrate the importance of chemistry at low temperatures, relevant in pre- and protostellar cores. Formaldehyde is an important species in the formation of methanol and more complex molecules.Aims.Here, we aim to present the first study of formaldehyde deuteration on small scales around the prototypical low-mass protostar IRAS 16293–2422 using high spatial and spectral resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations. We determine the excitation temperature, abundances and fractionation level of several formaldehyde isotopologues, including its deuterated forms.Methods.Excitation temperature and column densities of formaldehyde in the gas close to one of the components of the binary were constrained through modeling of optically thin lines assuming local thermodynamical equilibrium. The abundance ratios were compared to results from previous single dish observations, astrochemical models and local ISM values.Results.Numerous isotopologues of formaldehyde are detected, among them H2C17O, and D213CO for the first time in the ISM. The large range of upper energy levels covered by the HDCO lines help constrain the excitation temperature to 106 ± 13 K. Using the derived column densities, formaldehyde shows a deuterium fractionation of HDCO/H2CO = 6.5 ± 1%, D2CO/HDCO = 12.8–4.1+3.3%, and D2CO/H2CO = 0.6(4) ± 0.1%. The isotopic ratios derived are16O/18O = 805–79+43,18O/17O = 3.2–0.3+0.2, and12C/13C = 56–11+8.Conclusions.The HDCO/H2CO ratio is lower than that found in previous studies, highlighting the uncertainties involved in interpreting single dish observations of the inner warm regions. The D2CO/HDCO ratio is only slightly larger than the HDCO/H2CO ratio. This is consistent with formaldehyde forming in the ice as soon as CO has frozen onto the grains, with most of the deuteration happening toward the end of the prestellar core phase. A comparison with available time-dependent chemical models indicates that the source is in the early Class 0 stage.
Size-dependent modification of asteroid family Yarkovsky V-shapes
Authors: Bolin B. T. , Morbidelli A. , Walsh K. J. 
Published: November 2017

Context.The thermal properties of the surfaces of asteroids determine the magnitude of the drift rate cause by the Yarkovsky force. In the general case of Main Belt asteroids, the Yarkovsky force is indirectly proportional to the thermal inertia, Γ.Aims.Following the proposed relationship between Γ and asteroid diameterD, we find that asteroids’ Yarkovsky drift rates might have a more complex size dependence than previous thought, leading to a curved familyV-shape boundary in semi-major axis, a, vs. 1/Dspace. This implies that asteroids are drifting faster at larger sizes than previously considered decreasing on average the known ages of asteroid families.Methods.The V-Shape curvature is determined for >25 families located throughout the Main Belt to quantify the Yarkovsky size-dependent drift rate.Results.We find that there is no correlation between family age andV-shape curvature. In addition, theV-shape curvature decreases for asteroid families with larger heliocentric distances suggesting that the relationship between Γ andDis weaker in the outer MB possibly due to homogenous surface roughness among family members.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type 1—An Exercise in Clinical Deduction and Critical Management
Authors: Girish Meenakshi , Pazare Pradeep , Jaiswal Archana , Banait Yash , Kumar Richa 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) is a life-threatening disorder for two reasons, first because it causes severe hyperkalemia and second because the rarity of the disorder means that diagnosis is often delayed due to the lack of clinician familiarity with this condition. In this case report, we have described how even to an unsuspecting mind and eye, a systematic approach can lead to reversal of the severe hyperkalemia and arrive at the diagnosis of PHA1 as a cause of hyperkalemia. Long-term management can be successful only with dedicated care, and the prognosis is unfortunately worsened by the lack of availability of sodium-K resin in many countries, including India.
Survival from Septic Shock Secondary to Disseminated Group A Streptococcal Infection after Central Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Asfari A. , Ahmed M. , Edwards L. , Irby K. , Agarwal A. , Pasala S. , Prodhan P. , Frazier B. , Sanders R. 
Published: November 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to describe a case of severe life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and septic shock in a child who responded to a prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support course utilizing different cannulation techniques depending on the physiological derangement until he recovered.
Design This is a case report.
Setting This study was done at the medical–surgical pediatric intensive care unit in an academic freestanding children's hospital.
Patient A previously healthy 4-year-old boy was presented with respiratory distress and fever. He was diagnosed with respiratory syncytial viral upper respiratory tract infection and group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus septic shock.
Interventions The patient was referred to peripheral ECMO for hemodynamic, ventilatory, and oxygenation support; conversion to central ECMO to augment blood flow; and transition to extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal before successful wean off extracorporeal support.
Measurements and Main Results Patient experienced severe pediatric ARDS and septic shock that were refractory to maximal medical therapy. Patient was able to be decannulated after 75 days of extracorporeal support. He was weaned completely off of mechanical ventilation and oxygen after 6 months. The only neurological deficit he exhibited was poor fine motor skills of his hands for which he continued to receive physical therapy.
Conclusion Central ECMO may benefit children with pediatric ARDS and septic shock who require higher flows than what can be provided from peripheral ECMO. Extracorporeal membrane carbon dioxide removal may be an effective option in children who do not respond to mechanical ventilation alone.
Predictors of PDA Treatment in Preterm Neonates Who Had Received Prophylactic Indomethacin
Authors: ElSayed Yasser , Ojah Cecil , Alvaro Ruben , Shah Prakesh , Dunn Michael , Louis Deepak ,   for the Canadian Neonatal Network Investigators
Published: November 2017

Objective To identify clinical factors those predict the need for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treatment in preterm neonates who had received prophylactic indomethacin.
Patients and Methods Preterm neonates with <28 weeks' gestational age admitted to level III neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Canada between 2010 and 2015 and who had received prophylactic indomethacin were included. Primary outcome was surgical ligation of PDA, while secondary outcomes were any PDA treatment and common neonatal morbidities.
Results Of the 7,024 eligible neonates, 843 (12%) neonates had received prophylactic indomethacin. Of them, 84 neonates (10%) required surgical ligation while 367 neonates (44%) received medical or surgical treatment for PDA. Logistic regression analyses identified gestational age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.87) and outborn status (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.09–3.93) as predictors for surgical ligation. Maternal hypertension (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37–0.89), rupture of membranes (ROM) ≥24 hours (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48–0.96), and surfactant treatment (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.09–2.66) were predictors for medical or surgical treatment of PDA.
Conclusion In extremely preterm neonates who had received prophylactic indomethacin, gestational age and outborn status were predictors for surgical ligation of PDA, while maternal hypertension, ROM ≥24 hours, and surfactant treatment were associated with the medical or surgical treatment of PDA.
Prevalence and Progression Rate of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Correlation with the Duration of Diabetes
Authors: Voigt Margarete , Schmidt Sebastian , Lehmann Thomas , Köhler Benjamin , Kloos Christof , Voigt Ulrich , Meller Daniel , Wolf Gunter , Müller Ulrich , Müller Nicolle 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Aims We examined prevalence and progression of retinopathy in dependence on diabetes duration in order to estimate the probability of progression.
Patients/Methods In a retrospective cohort-analysis from an academic outpatient department of endocrinology and metabolic diseases we analyzed 17461 consultations of 4513 patients with DM2 from 1987 to 2014. 50.3% of the patients (n=2272) had at least one documented result of funduscopy.
Results 25.8% of the patients had retinopathy (20.2% non-proliferative, 4.7% proliferative, 0.7% were not classified, 0.1% blindness). The prevalence of retinopathy in dependence on diabetes duration was 1.1% at diagnosis, 6.6% after 0<5 years, 12% after 5<10 years, 24% after 10<15 years, 39.9% after 15<20 years, 52.7% after 20<25 years, 58.7% after 25<30 years and 63% after ≥30 years. In a subset of 586 (25.7%) patients with retinal photography of 3 consecutive years 7.0% showed deterioration after one and 12.2% after two years; 2.6% improved after one and 2.8% after two years. 201 (34.3%) of this group had<10 years diabetes and lower deterioration (4.5% worsened after one and 9.5% after two years). Their retinopathy mainly transformed from no retinopathy to non-proliferative. Four patients (2.0%) developed proliferative retinopathy.
Conclusions/Interpretations Within the first 10 years of diabetes duration, the prevalence of retinopathy is low and the progression infrequent. Most patients have a non-proliferative form which can be reversible and rarely requires interventions. Patients with DM2 without retinopathy and good glycaemic control do not run into additional risk from expanding funduscopy intervals to biennial.
Zugang zur stationären Rehabilitation bei Methamphetaminabhängigkeit – Barrieren und Optimierungspotenziale aus Expertenperspektive
Authors: Hoffmann Laura , Schumann Nadine , Richter Matthias 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die Studie exploriert, welche zentralen Barrieren den Zugang zur stationären Rehabilitation bei Methamphetaminabhängigkeit aus Expertensicht beeinträchtigen und wie diese behoben werden können.
Methodik In 39 semi-strukturierten Einzelinterviews wurden Erfahrungen und Perspektiven von Experten unterschiedlicher Versorgungsbereiche analysiert. Anschließend wurden die Ergebnisse der Einzelinterviews in 2 professionsübergreifenden Fokusgruppen diskutiert. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte mithilfe des interpretativen Auswertungsverfahrens nach Meuser & Nagel.
Ergebnisse Der Zugang zur stationären Rehabilitation für Methamphetaminabhängige wird insbesondere durch strukturelle Barrieren beeinträchtigt. Dazu gehören z. B. eine erschwerte Zuweisung zur Reha über Hausärzte, ein zu selten bedientes Nahtlosigkeitsverfahren, Kapazitätsprobleme der Rehakliniken sowie ein intransparentes Verfahren der Klinikauswahl durch den Träger.
Schlussfolgerung Der Zugang zur stationären Reha für Methamphetaminabhängige ist durch unterschiedliche Barrieren beeinträchtigt. Es gilt künftig v. a. Hausärzte für mehr Offenheit gegenüber Drogenkonsumenten und deren Besonderheiten zu sensibilisieren, einen nahtlosen Übergang von der Entgiftungs- zur Rehabilitationsbehandlung zu gewährleisten sowie differenzierte, bedarfsgerechte Reha-Angebote für die Betroffenen bereitzustellen.