bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms underlying glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion
Authors: Reimann Frank , Gribble Fiona M 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe incretin hormones, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon‐like peptide‐1, are secreted from intestinal K‐ and L cells, respectively, with the former being most abundant in the proximal small intestine, whereas the latter increase in number towards the distal gut. Although an overlap between K‐ and L cells can be observed immunohistochemically or in murine models expressing fluorescent markers under the control of the two hormone promoters, the majority (>80%) of labeled cells seems to produce only one of these hormones. Transcriptomic analysis showed a close relationship between small intestinal K‐ and L cells, and glucose sensing mechanisms appear similar in both cell types with a predominant role of electrogenic glucose uptake through sodium‐coupled glucose transporter 1. Similarly, both cell types produce the long‐chain fatty acid sensing G‐protein‐coupled receptors, FFAR1 (GPR40) and FFAR4 (GPR120), but differ in the expression/functionality of other lipid sensing receptors. GPR119 and FFAR2/3, for example, have clearly documented roles in glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion, whereas agonists for the endocannabinoid receptor type 1 have been found to show largely selective inhibition of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide secretion. In conclusion, although K‐ and L cell populations overlap and share key molecular nutrient‐sensing mechanisms, subtle differences between the responsiveness of the different cell types might be exploited to differentially modulate glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion.
Newly acquired kiwi fruit allergy after bone marrow transplantation from a kiwi‐allergic donor
Authors: Garzorz N. , Thomas J. , Eberlein B. , Haferlach C. , Ring J. , Biedermann T. , Schmidt‐Weber C. , Eyerich K. , Seifert F. , Eyerich S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe phenomenon of allergy transfer from an allergic donor to a non‐allergic recipient via hematopoietic cell transplantation has been described by several reports. However, it could not yet been conclusively shown that allergic reaction of the recipient is elicited by the donor's cells.ObjectivesIn the case of a 46‐year‐old male patient who – for the first time in his life – had two episodes of oral allergic syndrome upon kiwi consumption after having received myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) from his kiwi‐allergic sister, we aimed to clarify the origin of allergen reactive cells in the donor. We not only intended to demonstrate if allergy was transferred by HCT but also to present an experimental workup for the analysis of allergy transfer by HCT.MethodsAllergic sensitization to kiwi in recipient and donor was proven by ImmunoCAP. Furthermore, origin of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was analyzed by chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To confirm allergic reaction and activation of hematopoietic cells by customized kiwi extract, we performed basophil activation test from whole blood as well as T cell proliferation assays from purified PBMCs of both recipient and donor.ResultsBasophil activation upon kiwi extract was demonstrated in both recipient and donor. Besides, we showed proliferation of CD4+ T cells after incubation with kiwi extract. FISH analysis proved that hematopoietic cells of the male recipient completely originated from the female donor.ConclusionExemplified in this patient, we show for the first time that allergy transfer is mediated by the donor's cells. Moreover, our experimental approach using customized kiwi extract to prove contribution of kiwi‐specific T and B cells in both kiwi‐allergic recipient and donor could serve as a model approach for future studies.
Sex and the PASI: patients affected by a mild form of psoriasis are more predisposed to have a more severe form of erectile dysfunction
Authors: Bardazzi F. , Odorici G. , Ferrara F. , Magnano M. , Balestri R. , Patrizi A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a multi‐systemic disease involving the skin and joints, but it is also characterized by endothelial dysfunction, which may cause sexual impotence and erectile dysfunction (ED), an embarrassing disease frequently neglected by dermatologists.ObjectiveThe principal objective was assessing the relationship between the severity of psoriasis and the severity of ED. We also investigated whether severity of psoriasis was related to International Index of Erectile Function‐5 (IIEF‐5) score, whether genital lesions worsened the IIEF‐5 score, whether ED was related to factors such as diabetes, smoking and hypertension, and finally the overall the psychological factors felt by the patient.MethodsWe administered two questionnaires (one of which was the IIEF‐5, a validated score to assess erectile dysfunction) to three groups of patients: 60 with mild psoriasis, 60 with severe psoriasis (assessed by Psoriasis Area Severity Index, PASI) and a control group including 60 patients without the disease.ResultsIn the group of mild psoriasis, the patients who suffered from ED were the 56.67%, while in the group of severe psoriasis, ED affected the 46.68% of subjects. In the control group, ED was reported by the 23.33% of patients. The average IIEF‐5 score was 18.81 for patients with mild psoriasis and 20.31 for patients with severe form. The difference in the average IIEF‐5 scores between psoriatic (mild and severe cases) and control group was not statistically significant. Most patients with sexual dysfunction had also genital lesions; diabetes, smoking and hypertension were not related to lower IIEF‐5 scores. The overall psychological profile of psoriatic patients was worse than that of the controls.ConclusionWe concluded that ED was related to psoriasis, in particular to mild forms. Moreover, since ED is a marker of cardiovascular events, also related to negative impact on the quality of life, physicians should always investigate the presence of ED in clinical practice.
Aspects of Vietnamese Sutchi Catfish (Pangasius Hypophthalmus) Frozen Fillet Quality: Microbiological Profile and Chemical Residues.
Authors: Dambrosio Angela , Normanno Giovanni , Storelli Arianna , Barone Grazia , Ioanna Federica , Errico Luigi , Centoducati Gerardo , Storelli Maria M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPangasius hypophthalmus fillets, classified according to different frozen technologies, were subjected to microbiological (Psychrophilic Total Aerobic Count = PTAC, Enterobacteriacea, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes) and chemical analyses (Hg, Pb, Cd and six “indicator” congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls=PCB6). Mean count of psychrophilic aerobic total bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and S. aureus in all samples examined was 4.44 log CFU/g, 2.16 log CFU/g and 1.07 log CFU/g, respectively. Any sample showed the presence of Salmonella, while L. monocytogenes was encountered in 2.1% of samples tested. The microbiological counts were different among fillet categories, but with values always lower than the limit of ICMSF. Also the chemical quality of processed products is satisfactory being the concentrations of all metals and six “indicator” PCBs below safety levels for human consumption. This study has contributed to addressing the current paucity in literature on the microbial and chemical status of frozen P. hypophthalmus fillets.Practical ApplicationsThe present research reveals a good chemical and microbiological quality of the frozen Pangasius fillets, although the samples examined show a low incidence of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, it would be desirable a greater attention to the operator's personal hygiene practices during the processing procedures, appropriate preservation techniques and sanitation programs in the processing plants to avoid cross‐contamination. The data contained in this study may also be useful for national and international food safety regulatory authorities.
Subgingivally delivered 1.2% atorvastatin in the treatment of chronic periodontitis among smokers: a randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Kumari Minal , Martande Santosh S. , Pradeep Avani R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimStatins are known to have a beneficial effect in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP). The current study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of a 1.2% atorvastatin (ATV) local drug delivery system as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of intrabony defects (IBD) in CP among smokers.MethodsSeventy‐one smokers with CP were categorized into two treatment groups: SRP + 1.2% ATV gel and SRP + placebo gel. Clinical parameters, modified sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded at baseline before SRP and at 3, 6, and 9 months. At baseline, 6 months, and 9 months, the percentage of radiographic defect depth reduction was determined using computer‐aided software.ResultsThe mean probing depth reduction and mean clinical attachment level gain were found to be greater in the ATV group than the placebo group at 3, 6, and 9 months. A significantly greater mean percentage of radiographic defect depth reduction was found in the ATV group compared to the placebo group after 9 months.ConclusionThe ATV local drug delivery as an adjunct to SRP can be used in the treatment of IBD in CP among smokers.
The Carbon Footprint of Norwegian Household Consumption 1999–2012
Authors: Steen‐Olsen Kjartan , Wood Richard , Hertwich Edgar G. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryEnvironmentally extended input‐output analysis is the prevailing method for national environmental footprint accounting; however, its practical usefulness for consumers and policy makers suffers from lack of detail. Several extensive global multiregional input‐output (MRIO) databases have recently been released. A standard framework for linking such databases with the highly detailed household expenditure surveys that are conducted regularly by national statistics offices has the potential of providing analysts in countries worldwide with a powerful tool for in‐depth analyses of their national environmental footprints. In this article, we combine the Norwegian consumer expenditure survey with a global MRIO database to assess the carbon footprint (CF) of Norwegian household consumption in 2012, as well as its annual development since 1999. We offer a didactic account of the practical challenges associated with the combination of these types of data sets and the approach taken here to address these, and we discuss what barriers still remain before such analyses can be practically conducted and provide reliable results. We find a CF of 22.3 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents per household in 2012, a 26% increase since 1999. Transport, housing, and food were the expenditures contributing the most toward the total footprint. CF per unit of expenditure increased with overall expenditure levels (elasticity: 1.14), notably owing to the correlation between overall household expenditure and transport activities (elasticity: 1.48). Household energy use, which is generally inelastic, is, in Norway, largely based on hydropower and hence contributes comparatively little to the overall expenditure elasticity of household CF.
The role of sphingolipids in neuronal plasticity of the brain
Authors: Sonnino Sandro , Prinetti Alessandro 
Published: March 2016

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This Editorial highlights a study by Müller et al. in which the authors suggest a new sphingolipid‐dependent mechanism for behavioral extinction. Their study should be considered in the broad perspective of sphingolipid metabolic pathways and traffic (depicted in the graphic).Read the highlighted article ‘A sphingolipid mechanism for behavioral extinction’ on page 589.
Preconditioning with recombinant high‐mobility group box 1 induces ischemic tolerance in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia–reperfusion
Authors: Wang Chen , Liu Xiao‐Xi , Huang Kai‐Bin , Yin Su‐Bing , Wei Jing‐Jing , Hu Ya‐Fang , Gu Yong , Zheng Guo‐Qing 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPreconditioning with ligands of toll‐like receptors (TLRs) is a powerful neuroprotective approach whereby a low dose of stimulus confers significant protection against subsequent substantial brain damage by reprogramming the ischemia‐activated TLRs signaling. Herein, we aim to explore whether preconditioning with recombinant high‐mobility group box 1 (rHMGB1), one of the TLRs ligands, decreases cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). Rats were intracerebroventricularly pretreated with rHMGB1, 1 or 3 days before induction of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Results showed that preconditioning with rHMGB1 1 day, but not 3 days, prior to ischemia dramatically reduced neurological deficits, infarct size, brain swelling, cell apoptosis, and blood–brain barrier permeability. Interleukin‐1R‐associated kinase‐M (IRAK‐M), a critical negative regulator of TLRs signaling, was robustly increased in response to brain IRI and was further elevated by rHMGB1 pretreatment, indicating its role associated with the rHMGB1 preconditioning‐mediated ischemic tolerance. In vitro and in vivo assays indicated that the induced IRAK‐M expression was localized in microglia. In addition, TLR4 specific inhibitor TAK‐242 abolished the neuroprotective effects and the induction of IRAK‐M offered by rHMGB1 preconditioning. Collectively, our study demonstrates that rHMGB1 preconditioning is neuroprotective during cerebral IRI, which is associated with activated TLR4/IRAK‐M signaling in microglia.
imageWe found that high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) pretreatment conditioned the brain against subsequent ischemia–reperfusion injury. We propose the following mechanism for HMGB1 preconditioning‐mediated ischemic tolerance: through toll‐like receptor TLR4, HMGB1 preconditioning magnifies the up‐regulation of interleukin‐1R‐associated kinase‐M (IRAK‐M) induced by ischemia‐reperfusion in microglia, resulting in the decreased phosphorylation of IRAK‐1. These findings are helpful in understanding the endogenous mechanisms that counteract ischemic insults.
Lived experience of Korean nurses caring for patients on maintenance haemodialysis
Authors: Kim Sisook , Lee Hyunsook Zin , Hwang Eunhye , Song Juhyun , Kwon Hye‐Jin , Choe Kwisoon 
Published: March 2016

Aims and objectivesTo understand the lived experience of nurses who care for people undergoing maintenance haemodialysis.BackgroundThere is a lack of research regarding the lived experience of nurses caring for people undergoing chronic haemodialysis, in spite of an increased number of nurses and patients.DesignA qualitative descriptive phenomenological study was conducted.MethodsFourteen nurses working at two haemodialysis centres in Korea were selected via purposive sampling and participated in in‐depth interviews. Data were collected from October 2013–January 2014 and analysed using the phenomenological research method.ResultsFour themes were extracted for haemodialysis nurses' caring experience: feelings of pity for clients scheduled for haemodialysis treatment; continuous effort to establish good relationships with clients; feeling comfortable with clients, as though they were family or friends; and reflecting on their own lives through the lives of clients.ConclusionsHaemodialysis nurses experienced therapeutic relationships while taking care of clients undergoing haemodialysis; they also experienced maturation through reflection on their lives as nurses and human beings. An understanding of nurses' experiences in caring for people undergoing haemodialysis should be the basis of practice, education and nursing research in haemodialysis.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study could be helpful in enabling nursing students and/or nurses to understand the experience of caring and its meaning with respect to clients undergoing haemodialysis.
Tough love or bullying? New nurse transitional experiences
Authors: Leong Yee Mun Jessica , Crossman Joanna 
Published: March 2016

Aims and objectivesThis qualitative paper reports on the transition experiences of new nurses and preceptors in Singapore, focussing on the construction of a supervisor strategy termed ‘tough love’. The authors discuss the concept of tough love, as a metaphorical euphemism for workplace bullying and interrogate rationales from the data that behaviours associated with tough love, prepare nurses for independence and competence in their new responsibilities.BackgroundSuccessful transition of new nurses to professional practice is dependent on the transition challenges they face at work. When new nurses are well supported in the clinical environment, retention occurs. However, when workplace adversity intensifies, nurse turnover rates increase.DesignThis qualitative study was conducted using a constructivist grounded theory approach.MethodsNew nurses (n = 26) and preceptors (n = 5) from five different hospitals participated in the study. Data were collected from semi‐structured interviews and reflective journal entries and analysed using the constant comparative method.FindingsData analysis gave rise to the generation of a definition of tough love, not otherwise identified in the literature, as the negative behaviours of senior nurses towards new nurses, that is rationalised as a well‐intentioned but nevertheless abusive strategy, used to condition targets into conforming to expected professional or organisational behaviour.ConclusionsThe authors conclude that tough love behaviour damages the transition experience of new nurses and has the potential to influence decisions on whether to remain in a health organisation and indeed the profession.Relevance to clinical practiceGiven nursing shortages in Singapore and internationally and that the retention of new nurses appears to be part of the problem, tough love behaviours and cultures clearly need to be addressed if investment into training and recruitment are to be realised.
Changing state of gynecologic oncologist specialty in Japan
Authors: Fujii Takuma 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGynecologic oncologists must have extensive knowledge regarding the methods of treating a diverse range of gynecologic cancers as well as the ability to perform cutting‐edge multidisciplinary treatments that frequently involve surgery. Given that coordination with other medical departments is vital for treatment, a high level of interpersonal and technical skills needs to be demonstrated to form the axis for medical treatment. One objective of the specialist certification system is the grooming of leaders as gynecologic oncologists while instructing trainees. The most distinguishing feature of Japanese gynecologic oncologists is that they need experience in more than 150 invasive cancer treatments, including more than 100 operations within the last 3–5 years. As for performance of surgery, at least 30 operations, including 15 radical hysterectomies, are required. Since surgical methods, including laparoscopic surgery, are undergoing a radical change, and increasing numbers of patients are undergoing radiotherapy for invasive cervical cancer, a review of the necessary requirements is critical. It is important to foster new leaders who are research‐oriented. Now is the time for marked reform with the new specialist certification system being introduced by the Japanese Medical Specialty Board. Japan has the advantage of offering medical services at a much lower cost because of its national health insurance system. However, specialists are currently not receiving clear benefits befitting their efforts, and the question of how to maintain their motivation is an issue for the future. For these purposes, I believe securing incentives is a critical issue for specialists.
Avoidance of sun exposure as a risk factor for major causes of death: a competing risk analysis of the Melanoma in Southern Sweden cohort
Authors: Lindqvist P. G. , Epstein E. , Nielsen K. , Landin‐Olsson M. , Ingvar C. , Olsson H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveWomen with active sunlight exposure habits experience a lower mortality rate than women who avoid sun exposure; however, they are at an increased risk of skin cancer. We aimed to explore the differences in main causes of death according to sun exposure.MethodsWe assessed the differences in sun exposure as a risk factor for all‐cause mortality in a competing risk scenario for 29 518 Swedish women in a prospective 20‐year follow‐up of the Melanoma in Southern Sweden (MISS) cohort. Women were recruited from 1990 to 1992 (aged 25–64 years at the start of the study). We obtained detailed information at baseline on sun exposure habits and potential confounders. The data were analysed using modern survival statistics.ResultsWomen with active sun exposure habits were mainly at a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and noncancer/non‐CVD death as compared to those who avoided sun exposure. As a result of their increased survival, the relative contribution of cancer death increased in these women. Nonsmokers who avoided sun exposure had a life expectancy similar to smokers in the highest sun exposure group, indicating that avoidance of sun exposure is a risk factor for death of a similar magnitude as smoking. Compared to the highest sun exposure group, life expectancy of avoiders of sun exposure was reduced by 0.6–2.1 years.ConclusionThe longer life expectancy amongst women with active sun exposure habits was related to a decrease in CVD and noncancer/non‐CVD mortality, causing the relative contribution of death due to cancer to increase.
A preliminary microarray assay of the miRNA expression signatures in buccal mucosa of oral submucous fibrosis patients
Authors: Chickooree Daminee , Zhu Keke , Ram Vahsish , Wu Han Jiang , He Zhi Jing , Zhang Sheng 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are threefold: First is to perform a preliminary microarray analysis of miRNA expression profile to filter out differentially expressed miRNA in oral submucous fibrosis, second is to perform a bioinformatics analysis to identify miRNA‐specific predicted genes, and third to retrieve those miRNAs from literature and account for the findings of our investigations.MethodsBuccal mucosa samples from three clinically evident OSF patients and three normal volunteers were collected. Agilent Human miRNA microarray experiments were carried out to analyze the miRNA expression profile in both OSF and normal tissues. To identify molecular pathways potentially altered by expression of miRNAs, DAVID software was used. This application performs an enrichment analysis of multiple miRNA target genes comparing each set of miRNA targets to known KEGG pathway.ResultsA total of 11 unique miRNAs were differentially expressed. The overexpressed miRNAs were hsa‐miR‐455‐3p, hsa‐miR‐455‐5p, and hsa‐miR‐623, and underexpressed miRNAs were hsa‐miR‐1290, hsa‐miR‐3180‐3p, hsa‐miR‐4792, hsa‐miR‐509‐3‐5p, hsa‐miR‐5189, hsa‐miR‐610, hsa‐miR‐760, and hsa‐miR‐921. Six miRNAs namely miR‐455, miR‐760, miR‐623, miR‐610 and miR‐509‐3‐5p were selected.ConclusionThis study shows that miRNA chip can be used for high‐throughput screening of miRNA. Target prediction and annotation of the miRNAs demonstrated that the binding, metabolic process, molecular, and cellular process are the most common functions of the predicted targets of these newly identified miRNAs.