bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key‐nodes selection problem for minimum cost control of directed networks
Authors: Li Guoqi , Tang Pei , Wen Changyun , Huang Jiangshuai , Ma Cheng 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe key‐nodes selection problem is to determine key nodes from all those connected to external control sources so that the minimum cost is achieved when they are used to control a directed network. Clearly, it is an important issue in both theory and application. But its solution still remains open because of the difficulty in analyzing the graphical properties of key nodes. We present a method, called normalized projected gradient method (NPGM), to address this critical issue. An index notation arrangement‐based chain rule is proposed to obtain the gradient of a defined cost function where matrix‐by‐matrix derivatives are involved. In addition, projection and normalization operators are used to establish the convergence property of NPGM. Simulation results also demonstrate its satisfactory performance. We believe that the presented results of NPGM not only provide a technical breakthrough, but also our discussions on them reveal certain important physical insights regarding key nodes selection in controlling complex directed networks.
SOX11 promotes invasive growth and ductal carcinoma in situ progression
Authors: Oliemuller Erik , Kogata Naoko , Bland Philip , Kriplani Divya , Daley Frances , Haider Syed , Shah Vandna , Sawyer Elinor J , Howard Beatrice A 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHere, we show that SOX11, an embryonic mammary marker that is normally silent in postnatal breast cells, is expressed in many oestrogen receptor‐negative preinvasive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions. Mature mammary epithelial cells engineered to express SOX11 showed alterations in progenitor cell populations, including an expanded basal‐like population with increased aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, and increased mammosphere‐forming capacity.
DCIS.com cells engineered to express SOX11 showed increased ALDH activity, which is a feature of cancer stem cells. The CD44+/CD24–/ALDH+ cell population was increased in DCIS.com cells that expressed SOX11. Upregulating SOX11 expression in DCIS.com cells led to increased invasive growth both in vitro and when they were injected intraductally in a mouse model of DCIS that recapitulates human disease. Invasive lesions formed sooner and tumour growth was augmented in vivo, suggesting that SOX11 contributes to the progression of DCIS to invasive breast cancer. We identified potential downstream effectors of SOX11 during both microinvasive and invasive tumour growth stages, including several with established links to regulation of progenitor cell function and prenatal developmental growth. Our findings suggest that SOX11 is a potential biomarker for DCIS lesions containing cells harbouring distinct biological features that are likely to progress to invasive breast cancer. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 promotes prostate cancer progression through activating the Cdc42–PAK1 axis
Authors: Guo Yaxiu , Zhang Zhisong , Wei Huiting , Wang Jingyu , Lv Junqiang , Zhang Kai , Keller Evan T , Yao Zhi , Wang Quan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the leading cause of urinary tract infections and plays a role in prostatic carcinogenesis and prostate cancer (PCa) progression. However, the mechanisms through which UPEC promotes PCa development and progression are unclear. Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) is one of the most important UPEC toxins and its role in PCa progression has never been studied. We found that UPEC‐secreted CNF1 promoted the migration and invasion of PCa cells and PCa metastasis. In vitro studies showed that CNF1 promotes pro‐migratory and pro‐invasive activity through entering PCa cells and activating Cdc42, which subsequently induced PAK1 phosphorylation and up‐regulation of MMP‐9 expression. CNF1 also promoted pulmonary metastasis in a xenograft mouse model through these mechanisms. PAK1 phosphorylation correlated with advanced grades of PCa in human clinical PCa tissues. These results suggest that CNF1 derived from UPEC plays an important role in PCa progression through activating a Cdc42–PAK1 signal axis and up‐regulating the expression of MMP‐9. Therefore, surveillance for and treatment of cnf1‐carrying UPEC strains may diminish PCa progression and thus have an important clinical therapeutic impact. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mortality in children with low‐grade glioma or glioneuronal tumors: A single‐institution study
Authors: Upadhyaya Santhosh A. , Ghazwani Yahya , Wu Shengjie , Broniscer Alberto , Boop Fredrick A. , Gajjar Amar , Qaddoumi Ibrahim 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundWhile pediatric low‐grade glioma/glioneuronal tumors (LGG/LGGNTs) are considered slow‐growing, indolent tumors with excellent long‐term prognosis, mortality due to the disease is not unknown. Few studies have addressed the cause of death in this population.MethodsRetrospective review of clinicopathologic and radiologic data for children 21 years or younger with LGG/LGGNT who died at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between April 1985 and June 2015. Our primary objective was to determine the causes and timing of mortality in affected children.ResultsFor the 87 eligible patients, median age at diagnosis was 7.7 years (range, 0.21–21 years), median age at death was 14.26 years (range, 0.58–32 years), and median time to death from diagnosis was 4.02 years (range, 0.21–24 years). Midbrain/thalamus was the most common tumor location (n = 34), followed by suprasellar/hypothalamic (n = 18) and cerebrocortical (n = 13). Astrocytoma not otherwise specified (n = 24), pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 23), and fibrillary astrocytoma (n = 11) were the predominant histologic diagnoses. Causes of death included progressive primary disease (PD) (n = 43), progression of PD with histological features of a high‐grade glioma at progression or at autopsy (PD‐HGG) (n = 15), second cancer (n = 3), suicide (n = 4), and vehicular accident (n = 3). Among the 15 patients with PD‐HGG, 12 received radiation therapy before histologic confirmation of progression.ConclusionsPD and PD‐HGG contributed to 66% of the mortality in our patient cohort. Early psychological intervention should be included as part of the multidisciplinary management approach of children with LGG/LGGNT to reduce the risk of suicide in vulnerable subjects.
Moderating effect of age on the association between future time perspective and preventive coping
Authors: Chen Tao , Liu Lu‐lu , Cui Ji‐fang , Chen Xing‐jie , Shi Hai‐song , Neumann David L. , Shum David H. K. , Wang Ya , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of age on the relationship between future time perspective (FTP) and future‐oriented coping. A total of 1,915 participants aged 9–84 years completed measures of FTP and future‐oriented coping. Moderation analyses were conducted to examine whether age played a role in the association between FTP and future‐oriented coping (proactive and preventive). Results showed that proactive and preventive coping were negatively correlated with age, and age moderated the association between FTP and preventive coping but not proactive coping. Furthermore, the strength of the positive association between FTP and preventive coping was strongest among the older participants, moderate among the middle‐aged participants, and weakest among the younger participants. These results suggest that the association between FTP and preventive coping varies across the lifespan.
Accuracy in direct behavior rating is minimally impacted by completion latency
Authors: Dart Evan H. , Radley Keith C. , Fischer Aaron J. , Collins Tai A. , Terjesen Mark D. , Wright Sarah J. , McCargo Morgan , Hicks Ashley J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDirect behavior ratings (DBRs) have been proposed as an efficient method to assess student behavior in the classroom due to their relative ease of administration compared to alternative methods like systematic direct observation. DBRs are considered low‐inference assessments of behavior because they are designed to be completed immediately following a specified observation period of student behavior; however, in practice it is common for teachers and other respondents to delay completion of a DBR until they are reminded to do so. It is unclear what effect, if any, this latency between observation and DBR completion has on rater accuracy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of completion latency on accuracy in an analogue setting. Two‐hundred forty‐one undergraduate students (83.8% female) with a mean age of 21 participated across eight groups and were asked to complete an electronic DBR immediately after watching a video of student behavior or after a predetermined delay of 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, or 6 hours. A one‐way analysis of variance revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship between completion latency and DBR accuracy, F(7, 233) = .959, p = .46, η2 = .028.
New phthalimide‐methionine dyad‐based fluorescence probes for reactive oxygen species: Singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorite
Authors: Griesbeck Axel G. , Öngel Banu , Atar Murat 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDifferent reactive oxygen species were detected by the molecular probes 1‐3 that were composed of the phthalimide fluorophore as reporter and a methionine‐derived thioether side‐chain as receptor part. The sulfoxides that were formed as the primary oxidation products show strong fluorescence in the blue‐green (430‐540 nm) spectral region. Self‐sensitized oxidation by singlet oxygen is in general inefficient indicating rapid electron‐transfer quenching of the excited probe molecules. With hydrogen peroxide as thermal oxidant conversion to the sulfoxides is slow but can be accelerated by addition of titanium(IV) catalysts, whereas hypochlorite as oxidant behaves much more reactive even under uncatalyzed conditions. Singlet oxygen that is generated by energy transfer from the photosensitizer Rose Bengal was detected by sensor 1a with rate constants of >107M–1 s–1, a typical rate constant for the oxidation of thioethers to sulfoxides.
Neutron structure of the T26H mutant of T4 phage lysozyme provides insight into the catalytic activity of the mutant enzyme and how it differs from that of wild type
Authors: Hiromoto Takeshi , Meilleur Flora , Shimizu Rumi , Shibazaki Chie , Adachi Motoyasu , Tamada Taro , Kuroki Ryota 
Published: July 2017

AbstractT4 phage lysozyme is an inverting glycoside hydrolase that degrades the murein of bacterial cell walls by cleaving the β‐1,4‐glycosidic bond. The substitution of the catalytic Thr26 residue to a histidine converts the wild type from an inverting to a retaining enzyme, which implies that the original general acid Glu11 can also act as an acid/base catalyst in the hydrolysis. Here, we have determined the neutron structure of the perdeuterated T26H mutant to clarify the protonation states of Glu11 and the substituted His26, which are key in the retaining reaction. The 2.09‐Å resolution structure shows that the imidazole group of His26 is in its singly protonated form in the active site, suggesting that the deprotonated Nɛ2 atom of His26 can attack the anomeric carbon of bound substrate as a nucleophile. The carboxyl group of Glu11 is partially protonated and interacts with the unusual neutral state of the guanidine moiety of Arg145, as well as two heavy water molecules. Considering that one of the water‐binding sites has the potential to be occupied by a hydronium ion, the bulk solvent could be the source for the protonation of Glu11. The respective protonation states of Glu11 and His26 are consistent with the bond lengths determined by an unrestrained refinement of the high‐resolution X‐ray structure of T26H at 1.04‐Å resolution. The detail structural information, including the coordinates of the deuterium atoms in the active site, provides insight into the distinctively different catalytic activities of the mutant and wild type enzymes.
Gas chromatography/negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry of transfluthrin in rat plasma and brain
Authors: Hooshfar Shirin , Mortuza Tanzir B. , Rogers Clinton A. , Linzey Michael R. , Gullick Darren R. , Bruckner James V. , White Catherine A. , Bartlett Michael G. 
Published: July 2017

RationaleTransfluthrin is a relatively non‐toxic rapid‐acting synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. It is widely used in household and hygiene products. A sensitive and accurate bioanalytical method is required for quantification of its concentration in plasma and its potential target organ, the brain for studies to assess its health effects and toxicokinetics in mammals.MethodsThe samples were prepared by liquid–liquid extraction. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was performed for the determination of transfluthrin in biological samples with an overall method run time of 15 min. Transfluthrin was quantified using selected‐ion monitoring (SIM) in the negative chemical ionization (NCI) mode. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Zebron® ZB5‐MS GC column operating with 1 mL/min constant flow helium. Cis‐Permethrin was used as the internal standard.ResultsThe method was validated to be precise and accurate within the linear range of 1.0–400.0 ng/mL in plasma and 4.0–400.0 ng/mL in brain homogenate, based on a 100 μL sample volume for both matrices. This method was applied to samples following administration of a 10 mg/kg oral dose to male adult rats. The plasma concentrations were observed to be 11.70 ± 5.69 ng/mL and brain concentrations 12.09 ± 3.15 ng/g when measured 2 h post‐dose.ConclusionsA rapid GC/NCI‐MS method was demonstrated to be sensitive, specific, precise and accurate for the quantification of transfluthrin in rat plasma and brain. The optimized method was successfully used to quantify the rat plasma and brain concentrations of transfluthrin 2 h after the oral dosing of Sprague–Dawley rats.
Chiral Manganese Aminopyridine Complexes: the Versatile Catalysts of Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Oxidations with H2O2
Authors: Ottenbacher Roman V. , Talsi Evgenii P. , Bryliakov Konstantin P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn the last decade, manganese(II) complexes with N‐donor tetradentate aminopyridine ligands emerged as efficient catalysts of enantioselective epoxidation of olefins and direct selective oxidation of C−H groups in complex organic molecules, with environmentally benign oxidant hydrogen peroxide. In this personal account, we summarize the progress of these catalysts with regard to ligands design, structure‐reactivity correlations, evaluation of the substrate scope, as well as mechanistic studies, shedding light on the nature of active sites and the mechanisms of selective oxygenations. Several practically promising catalytic syntheses with the aid of Mn aminopyridine catalysts are exemplified.
#cutting: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) on Instagram
Authors: Brown R. C. , Fischer T. , Goldwich A. D. , Keller F. , Young R. , Plener P. L. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundSocial media presents an important means for social interaction, especially among adolescents, with Instagram being the most popular platform in this age-group. Pictures and communication about non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) can frequently be found on the internet.MethodsDuring 4 weeks in April 2016, n = 2826 (from n = 1154 accounts) pictures which directly depicted wounds on Instagram were investigated. Those pictures, associated comments, and user accounts were independently rated for content. Associations between characteristics of pictures and comments as well as weekly and daily trends of posting behavior were analyzed.ResultsMost commonly, pictures depicted wounds caused by cutting on arms or legs and were rated as mild or moderate injuries. Pictures with increasing wound grades and those depicting multiple methods of NSSI generated elevated amounts of comments. While most comments were neutral or empathic with some offering help, few comments were hostile. Pictures were mainly posted in the evening hours, with a small peak in the early morning. While there was a slight peak of pictures being posted on Sundays, postings were rather evenly spread across the week.ConclusionsPictures of NSSI are frequently posted on Instagram. Social reinforcement might play a role in the posting of more severe NSSI pictures. Social media platforms need to take appropriate measures for preventing online social contagion.
Taking back Control or Empowering Big Business? New Risks to the Welfare State in the post-Brexit Competition for Investment
Authors: FARNSWORTH KEVIN 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCapitalist economies depend on private business investment, and all governments in similar states compete to induce businesses to invest through various policy interventions. In so doing, they compete with other governments to retain current investors and to encourage new ones from elsewhere. The implications for policy-making and, by extension, citizens, are huge. The pressure on governments to capture new investment has an impact on taxation policies, workplace regulations, legal protections, public infrastructure and social policies. However, not all governments compete for investment in the same way at the same time, and not all businesses are attracted by the same inducements offered by states, highlighting the possibility that public policies shape investment strategies, just as investment strategies also shape public policies. It is its development of relatively unique and aggressive strategies to capture new investment that places the UK in a vulnerable position post-Brexit. It has successfully attracted mobile corporations to its shores, in part because it has offered a particularly favourable gateway into Europe for foreign capital. This raises questions about how the country will seek to compete for capital investment in future. This paper examines these questions with reference to both theoretical and empirical evidence.
Devolution: The Social, Political and Policy Implications of Brexit for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
Authors: BIRRELL DEREK , GRAY ANN MARIE 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe referendum vote for Remain in Scotland and Northern Ireland and the small majority for Leave in Wales immediately attracted much attention to the position of the devolved governments on Brexit negotiations and to the impact of Brexit on their jurisdictions. As the core of devolved powers relate to social policy, identifying the impact of leaving the EU on aspects of social policy is highly significant. This article examines the impact of EU programmes, funding, directives and regulations as delivered in recent years, noting the nature of the participation of the devolved administrations in EU decision making. The post-referendum concerns of the devolved governments and their approaches to Brexit and Brexit negotiations are explained. Also discussed are the likely major changes as well as possible changes that will take place in the operation of devolution after Brexit.
TASK-BASED PRONUNCIATION TEACHING AND RESEARCH
Authors: Mora Joan C. , Levkina Mayya 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article synthesizes the conclusions of the empirical studies in this special issue and outlines key questions in future research. The research reported in this volume has identified several fundamental issues in pronunciation-focused task design that are discussed in detail and on which suggestions for further research are outlined. One crucial issue is how attention to pronunciation resulting in language-related episodes effectively leads to robust gains in accuracy. Another important aspect discussed is the need to adapt task design features to the phonological domain under focus and how to incorporate systematic patterns of first language interference into the task structure. Finally, we propose that future research in task-based pronunciation teaching and second language phonetics and phonology should systematically examine learner factors known to affect task performance and task features established in the research domains of lexical and grammatical development.
An active bacterial community linked to high chl-a concentrations in Antarctic winter-pack ice and evidence for the development of an anaerobic sea-ice bacterial community
Authors: Eronen-Rasimus Eeva , Luhtanen Anne-Mari , Rintala Janne-Markus , Delille Bruno , Dieckmann Gerhard , Karkman Antti , Tison Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Antarctic sea-ice bacterial community composition and dynamics in various developmental stages were investigated during the austral winter in 2013. Thick snow cover likely insulated the ice, leading to high (&lt;4 μg l−1) chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations and consequent bacterial production. Typical sea-ice bacterial genera, for example, Octadecabacter, Polaribacter and Glaciecola, often abundant in spring and summer during the sea-ice algal bloom, predominated in the communities. The variability in bacterial community composition in the different ice types was mainly explained by the chl-a concentrations, suggesting that as in spring and summer sea ice, the sea-ice bacteria and algae may also be coupled during the Antarctic winter. Coupling between the bacterial community and sea-ice algae was further supported by significant correlations between bacterial abundance and production with chl-a. In addition, sulphate-reducing bacteria (for example, Desulforhopalus) together with odour of H2S were observed in thick, apparently anoxic ice, suggesting that the development of the anaerobic bacterial community may occur in sea ice under suitable conditions. In all, the results show that bacterial community in Antarctic sea ice can stay active throughout the winter period and thus possible future warming of sea ice and consequent increase in bacterial production may lead to changes in bacteria-mediated processes in the Antarctic sea-ice zone.
Single molecule magnet with an unpaired electron trapped between two lanthanide ions inside a fullerene
Authors: Liu Fupin , Krylov Denis S. , Spree Lukas , Avdoshenko Stanislav M. , Samoylova Nataliya A. , Rosenkranz Marco , Kostanyan Aram , Greber Thomas , Wolter Anja U. B. , Büchner Bernd , Popov Alexey A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIncreasing the temperature at which molecules behave as single-molecule magnets is a serious challenge in molecular magnetism. One of the ways to address this problem is to create the molecules with strongly coupled lanthanide ions. In this work, endohedral metallofullerenes Y2@C80 and Dy2@C80 are obtained in the form of air-stable benzyl monoadducts. Both feature an unpaired electron trapped between metal ions, thus forming a single-electron metal-metal bond. Giant exchange interactions between lanthanide ions and the unpaired electron result in single-molecule magnetism of Dy2@C80(CH2Ph) with a record-high 100 s blocking temperature of 18 K. All magnetic moments in Dy2@C80(CH2Ph) are parallel and couple ferromagnetically to form a single spin unit of 21 μB with a dysprosium-electron exchange constant of 32 cm−1. The barrier of the magnetization reversal of 613 K is assigned to the state in which the spin of one Dy centre is flipped.