bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sacrocolpopexy With Concomitant Total vs Supracervical Hysterectomy: Functional Support Comparisons in Cadavers
Authors: Maldonado Pedro Antonio , Norris Kyle P. , Florian-Rodriguez Maria E. , Shah Nemi M. , Wai Clifford Y. 
Published: December 2017

Objective
This study aimed to compare the ability of abdominal sacrocolpopexy (ASC) with concomitant total vs supracervical hysterectomy to resist downward traction as a measure of functional anatomic support in human cadavers.

Methods
Supracervical hysterectomy was performed on unembalmed cadaver specimens, followed by ASC attaching polypropylene mesh to the posterior cervix/vagina only and then the anterior and posterior cervix/vagina. Using a metal bolt placed through the cervix tied to a filament passing through a fixed pulley system, successive weights of 0.5 to 3.0 kg were added to provide increasing loads on the apex (cervix), and the distances traversed by the apex were recorded. The same process was then repeated in each specimen after removal of the cervix (with vaginal cuff closure). One-way and repeated-measures analysis of measure was used for between-group and within-group comparisons, respectively, with P ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results
Eight cadavers were examined. At lower weight loads, pulling distances in the 4 groups examined were similar and were not significantly different with the presence or absence of the cervix. At weight loads of 2.5 kg or greater, we noted a trend of increased pulling distances when posterior mesh only was used vs when anterior/posterior mesh was placed, although this difference was not significant. Interestingly, there was tearing of the vaginal wall or partial separation of mesh/sutures attachments to the vagina noted in 3 specimens.

Conclusions
This study showed no differences in the ability of the cervix (after supracervical hysterectomy) compared with the vaginal cuff (after total hysterectomy) to resist downward traction of successive weights after ASC. Clinical trials are necessary to correlate these findings with prolapse recurrence rates and patient satisfaction following these procedures.
BrainImageR: Spatiotemporal gene set analysis referencing the human brain
Authors: Linker Sara B. , Hsu Jonathan , Pfaff Adela , Amatya Debha , Ko Shu-Meng , Voter Sarah , Wong Quinn , Gage Fred H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRATIONALENeurological molecular analyses such as transcriptomics, epigenetics, and genome-wide association studies must be assessed in the context of the human brain in order to generate biologically meaningful inferences. It is often difficult to access primary human brain tissue; therefore, approximations are made using in vitro modeling or by identifying disease-associated genes from DNA extracted from blood. Gene sets from these studies are then compared to the post-mortem human brain to provide an assessment of the brain region and the developmental time point that a gene set is most closely associated with. However, most analyses of postmortem datasets are achieved by building new computational tools each time in-house, which can cause discrepancies from study to study, indicating that the field is in need of a user-friendly suite of tools to examine spatiotemporal expression with respect to the postmortem brain. Such a tool will be of use to the molecular interrogation of neurological and psychiatric disorders, with direct advantages for the disease-modeling and human genetics communities.RESULTSWe have developed brainImageR, an R package that calculates both the spatial and temporal association of a dataset with post-mortem gene expression data from the Allen Brain Atlas. BrainImageR performs a robust analysis of gene set enrichment to identify enriched anatomical regions, provides a global high-resolution visualization of these enrichments across the human brain, and predicts when in developmental time the sample is most closely matched to, a task that has become increasingly important in the field of in vitro neuronal modeling. These functionalities of brainImageR enable a quick and efficient characterization of a given dataset across normal human brain development.AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATIONBrainImageR is released under the Creative Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 license and the source code can be downloaded through github at https://github.com/saralinker/brainImageR.CONTACTgage@salk.edu
Alleviation of Al toxicity by Si is associated with the formation of Al-Si complexes in root tissues of sorghum
Authors: Kopittke Peter M. , Gianoncelli Alessandra , Kourousias George , Green Kathryn , McKenna Brigid A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSilicon is reported to reduce the toxic effects of Al on root elongation but the in planta mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. Using seedlings of soybean (Glycine max) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), we examined the effect of up to 2 mM Si on root elongation rate (RER) in Al-toxic nutrient solutions. Synchrotron-based low energy X-ray fluorescence (LEXRF) was then used for the in situ examination of the distribution of Al and Si within cross-sections cut from the apical tissues of sorghum roots. The addition of Si potentially increased RER in Al-toxic solutions, with RER being up to ca. 0.3 mm h−1 (14 %) higher for soybean and ca. 0.2 mm h−1 (17 %) higher for sorghum relative to solutions without added Si. This improvement in RER could not be attributed to a change in Al-chemistry of the bulk nutrient solution, nor was it due to a change in the concentration of Al within the apical (0-10 mm) root tissues. Using LEXRF to examine sorghum, it was demonstrated that in roots exposed to both Al and Si, much of the Al was co-located with Si in the mucigel and outer apoplast. These observations suggest that Si reduces the toxicity of Al in planta through formation of Al-Si complexes in mucigel and outer cellular tissues, thereby decreasing the binding of Al to the cell wall where it is known to inhibit wall loosening as required for cell elongation.
Distinct SoxB1 networks are required for naïve and primed pluripotency
Authors: Corsinotti Andrea , Wong Frederick C. K. , Tatar Tülin , Szczerbinska Iwona , Halbritter Florian , Colby Douglas , Gogolok Sabine , Pantier Raphaël , Liggat Kirsten , Mirfazeli Elham S. , Hall-Ponsele Elisa , Mullin Nicholas , Wilson Valerie , Chambers Ian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDeletion ofSox2from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) causes trophectodermal differentiation. While this can be prevented by enforced expression of the related SOXB1 proteins, SOX1 or SOX3, the roles of SOXB1 proteins in epiblast stem cell (EpiSC) pluripotency are unknown. Here we show thatSox2can be deleted from EpiSCs with impunity. This is due to a shift in the balance of SoxB1 expression in EpiSCs, which have decreased Sox2 and increased Sox3 compared to ESCs. Consistent with functional redundancy,Sox3can also be deleted from EpiSCs without eliminating self-renewal. However, deletion of bothSox2andSox3prevents self-renewal. The overall SOXB1 levels in ESCs affect differentiation choices: neural differentiation ofSox2heterozygous ESCs is compromised, while increased SOXB1 levels divert the ESC to EpiSC transition towards neural differentiation. Therefore, optimal SOXB1 levels are critical for each pluripotent state and for cell fate decisions during exit from naïve pluripotency.
Transcription factor SmWRKY1 positively promote the biosynthesis of tanshinones inSalvia miltiorrhiza
Authors: Cao Wenzhi , Wang Yao , Shi Min , Hao Xiaolong , Zhao Weiwei , Wang Yu , Ren Jie , Kai Guoyin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTanshinones, one group of bioactive diterpenes, were widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. WRKYs play important roles in plant metabolism, but their regulation mechanism in S. miltiorrhiza remains elusive. In this study, one WRKY transcription factor SmWRKY1 was isolated and characterized from S. miltiorrhiza. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis showed SmWRKY1 shared high homology with other plant WRKYs such as CrWRKY1. SmWRKY1 were predominantly expressed in leaves and stems, and was responsive to salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and nitric oxide (NO) treatment. Subcellular localization analysis found that SmWRKY1 was localized in the nucleus. Over-expression of SmWRKY1 significantly elevated the transcripts of genes involved in MEP pathway especially 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (SmDXS) and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (SmDXR), resulted in over 6 folds increase in tanshinones production in transgenic lines (up to 13.731mg/g dry weight (DW)) compared with the control lines. Dual-luciferase (Dual-LUC) assay showed that SmWRKY1 can positively regulate SmDXR expression by binding to its promoter. Our work revealed that SmWRKY1 participated in the regulation of tanshinones biosynthesis and acted as a positive regulator through activating SmDXR in the MEP pathway, thus discloses a new insight to further excavate the regulation mechanism of tanshinones biosynthesis.
pysster: Classification of Biological Sequences by Learning Sequence and Structure Motifs with Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Budach Stefan , Marsico Annalisa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSummaryConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been shown to perform exceptionally well in a variety of tasks, including biological sequence classification. Available implementations, however, are usually optimized for a particular task and difficult to reuse. To enable researchers to utilize these networks more easily we implemented pysster, a Python package for training CNNs on biological sequence data. Sequences are classified by learning sequence and structure motifs and the package offers an automated hyper-parameter optimization procedure and options to visualize learned motifs along with information about their positional and class enrichment. The package runs seamlessly on CPU and GPU and provides a simple interface to train and evaluate a network with a handful lines of code. Using an RNA A-to-I editing data set and CLIP-seq binding site sequences we demonstrate that pysster classifies sequences with higher accuracy than other methods and is able to recover known sequence and structure motifs.Availabilitypysster is freely available at https://github.com/budach/pysster.Contactbudach@molgen.mpg.de, marsico@molgen.mpg.de
A dispute in the making
Authors: Perkiss Stephanie , Moerman Lee 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a forward-looking case of climate change induced displacement in the Pacific Islands as a multidimensional phenomenon with a moral dimension. Instead of seeking to provide a definitive solution to an imagined problem, the authors have identified the complexity of the situation through an exploration of the accounts of place and accountability for the consequences of displacement.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores displacement from a sociological perspective. The authors use the sociology of worth (SOW) to anchor explicit and competing moral claims in an evaluation regime that considers questions of justice and the common good. The public accounts of place in the Pacific Islands provide the empirical material for a consideration of a situated crisis. While SOW is generally adopted for current crises or disputes, this study explores the pre-immigrant story and a future case of displacement. Bauman’s (1998, 2012) perspective on globalization is used to narrate the local conditions of place in a global context as reflective of a dominant social order.FindingsSince place is a multidimensional concept and experienced according to various states of being including physical, functional, spiritual and emotion or feeling, displacement is also felt at a multidimensional level. Thus to provide an account of a lived experience and to foster a moral accountability for climate induced displacement requires a consideration of multiple accounts and compromises that need to be considered.Research limitations/implicationsAs with the majority of accounting research that is concerned with the suffering of those at a distance, we too must tackle this conundrum in a meaningful way. As members of a society that is the largest per capita emitter of greenhouse gas, how do we speak for our drowning neighbors? The paper concludes with some insights from Boltanski (1999) as a way forward.Originality/valueThe paper presents a forward-looking scenario of a looming crisis from a sociological perspective. It adds to the literature on alternative accounts by using stories, media, government reports and other sources to holistically build a narrative grounded in a current and imaged social order.
Failed crisis communication: the Northern Rock Bank case
Authors: Liff Roy , Wahlström Gunnar 
Published: December 2017

PurposeAlthough granted funding from government agencies, Britain’s Northern Rock (NR) Bank experienced a depositors’ bank run in 2007. The purpose of this paper is to explore bank managers’ and the Triparties’ communications, in their failed attempt to reassure depositors during the crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on content analysis of information given to depositors by bank managers and the Triparties via mass media. The theoretical concepts of rituals and masking were utilized.FindingsResults suggest that nonfinancial reporting supersedes financial reporting. Rather than hidden losses, bank regulators’ and politicians’ discussions of emergency funding for NR was the crucial incident signaling “something going on.” Even positive statements by prominent organizational actors may have signaled serious problems that compromised NR’s “business as usual” stance.Practical implicationsCollective action manifested in a bank run is triggered by reasons other than numbers in financial reporting. The research results indicate a need to consider how regulatory authorities act during financial crises.Originality/valuePrevious studies concluded that sensegivers must be consistent in framing communication to sensemakers. Sensemaking requires that the crisis communication is also consistent in the sensemakers’ framing. Because it is difficult for sensegivers to reshape the collective sensemakers’ frame, successful crisis communication requires that sensegivers change their communication to match the sensemakers’ frame, including symbolic actions. Additionally, a bank run is characterized first by loss of trust in financial reporting; second, in nonfinancial reporting; and, finally, in the sensegiving actor: a domino effect.
Plasticity-based training: building the ultimate learning organization
Authors: Merzenich Michael 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to introduce talent development professionals to the most recent breakthroughs in the science of neuroplasticity and how those breakthroughs directly apply to building better brains and a true learning organization. Brain plasticity is the ability of the brain to change chemically, physically, and functionally based on sensory and other inputs.

Design/methodology/approach
Viewpoint based on literature review and author’s own neuroscientific research over the past 30 years.

Findings
Gains can be made on standard measures of processing speed, attention, memory, and executive function and those changes generalize to standard measures of mood and affect the real-world activities. Benefits, seen in experiments over the past few years for peak sports performance, are now being applied in the workplace

Practical implications
It is hard to think of any job, where a faster and more accurate brain would not help.

Originality/value
Many learning and development professionals are not yet aware of the health and performance benefits of plasticity-based training. This paper provides summarized evidence of its efficacy for individuals and organizations.
Application of discrete Fourier transform to inverse heat conduction problem regularization
Authors: Frąckowiak Andrzej , Ciałkowski Michał 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present the Cauchy problem for the Laplace’s equation for profiles of gas turbine blades with one and three cooling channels. The distribution of heat transfer coefficient and temperature on the outer boundary of the blade are known. On this basis, the temperature on inner surfaces of the blade (the walls of cooling channels) is determined.

Design/methodology/approach
Such posed inverse problem was solved using the finite element method in the domain of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT).

Findings
Calculations indicate that the regularization in the domain of the DFT enables obtaining a stable solution to the inverse problem. In the example under consideration, problems with reconstruction constant temperature, assumed on the outer boundary of the blade, in the vicinity of the trailing and leading edges occurred.

Originality/value
The application of DFT in connection with regularization is an original achievement presented in this study.
Indirect measurement of the flow rate based upon a solution of an inverse coefficient problem
Authors: Rup Kazimierz , Malinowski Lukasz , Sarna Piotr 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to extend the possibilities of using the earlier developed indirect method of fluid flow rate measurement in circular pipes to the square-section channels with elbows installed.

Design/methodology/approach
The idea of the method is based on selecting such a value of the Reynolds number assumed as a coefficient in fluid flow equations, which fulfills with set accuracy the condition of equality between the measured and computed pressure difference at the end points of the secant of the elbow arch. The numerical calculus takes into consideration the exact geometry of the flow space and the measured temperature of the fluid, on the basis of which its thermo–physical properties are determined. To implement the proposed method in practice, a special test stand was built. The numerical computations were carried out using the software package FLUENT.

Findings
The results of calculations were compared with corresponding results of measurements achieved on the stand, as well as those found in the literature. The comparative analysis of the obtained numerical and experimental results shows a high grade of consistence.

Practical implications
The discussed elbow flow meter, implementing the extended indirect measuring method, can be applied to determine the flow rate of gases, as well as liquids and suspensions.

Originality/value
The indirect method used to measure the volumetric flow rate of the fluid is characterized by high accuracy and repeatability. The high accuracy is possible because of a very realistic mathematical model of the complex flow in the curved duct. The indirect method eliminates the necessity of frequent calibration of the flow meter. The discussed extended indirect measuring method can be applied to determine the flow rate of gases as well as liquids and suspensions. The fluid flow rate measurement based on the method considered in this paper can be particularly useful in newly designed as well as already operated ducts.
Numerical modeling transient response of tubular cross flow heat exchanger
Authors: Taler Dawid , Korzen Anna 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The paper aims to present the mathematical modeling of plate fin and tube heat exchanger at small Reynolds numbers on the water side. The Reynolds number of the water flowing inside the tubes was varied in the range from 4,000 to 12,000.

Design/methodology/approach
A detailed analysis of transient response was modeled for the following changes in the operating parameters of the heat exchanger: a reduction in the water volume flow, an increase in the water volume flow and an increase in the water volume flow with a simultaneous reduction in the air flow velocity.

Findings
The results of the numerical simulation of a heat exchanger by using experimentally determined water-side heat transfer correlation and theoretical correlation derived for the transition tube flow agree very well. The relationship to calculate the air-side Nusselt number was determined experimentally. The correlation for the air-side Nusselt number was the same for the theoretical and experimental water side correlation.

Research limitations/implications
The correlation for the air-side Nusselt number as a function of the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers is based on the experimental data and was determined using the least squares method.

Originality/value
The form of the relationship that was used to approximate experimentally determined water-side Nusselt numbers is identical to the theoretically derived formula for the transition range. The experiments show that the relationship for the water-side Nusselt number in transition and turbulent flow regime that was obtained using theoretical analysis gives quite satisfactory results.
The solution of a two-dimensional inverse heat transfer problem using two methods
Authors: Maciejewska Beata , Strak Kinga , Piasecka Magdalena 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to focus on flow boiling heat transfer in an asymmetrically heated minichannel. Two-dimensional inverse heat transfer problem was solved using the Trefftz and Beck methods. The primary purpose was to find an enhanced surface that could help intensify heat transfer.

Design/methodology/approach
The experimental set-up and methodology for FC-72 boiling heat transfer in two parallel vertical rectangular minichannels with smooth or enhanced heated surfaces was presented. The heat transfer coefficient was calculated using the Trefftz and Beck methods.

Findings
The results confirm that considerable heat transfer enhancement takes place when selected enhanced heated surface is used in the minichannel flow boiling and that it depends on the type of surface enhancement. The analysis of the experimental data revealed that the values and distributions of the heat transfer coefficient obtained using the Beck and Trefftz methods were similar.

Practical/implications
Many studies have been recently devoted to flow boiling heat transfer in minichannels because of the rapid development of high-performance integrated systems generating large amounts of heat. Highly efficient small-size cooling systems for new-generation compact devices are thus in great demand.

Originality/value
The present results are original and new in the study of cooling liquid boiling in minichannels with enhanced heated surfaces that contribute to heat transfer enhancement. The paper allows the verification of state-of-the-art methods of solving the inverse problem by using empirical data from the experiment. The application of the Trefftz and Beck methods for finding a solution of the inverse heat transfer problem is promising.