bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dexamethasone Does Not Inhibit Sugammadex Reversal After Rocuronium-Induced Neuromuscular Block
Authors: Buonanno Pasquale , Laiola Anna , Palumbo Chiara , Spinelli Gianmario , Servillo Giuseppe , Di Minno Raffaele Maria , Cafiero Tullio , Di Iorio Carlo 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:
Sugammadex is a relatively new molecule that reverses neuromuscular block induced by rocuronium. The particular structure of sugammadex traps the cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring of rocuronium in its hydrophobic cavity. Dexamethasone shares the same steroidal structure with rocuronium. Studies in vitro have demonstrated that dexamethasone interacts with sugammadex, reducing its efficacy. In this study, we investigated the clinical relevance of this interaction and its influence on neuromuscular reversal.

METHODS:
In this retrospective case-control study, we analyzed data from 45 patients divided into 3 groups: dexamethasone after induction group (15 patients) treated with 8 mg dexamethasone as an antiemetic drug shortly after induction of anesthesia; dexamethasone before reversal group (15 patients) treated with dexamethasone just before sugammadex injection; and control group (15 patients) treated with 8 mg ondansetron. All groups received 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium at induction, 0.15 mg/kg rocuronium at train-of-four ratio (TOF) 2 for neuromuscular relaxation, and 2 mg/kg sugammadex for reversal at the end of the procedure at TOF2. Neuromuscular relaxation was monitored with a TOF-Watch® system.

RESULTS:
The control group had a recovery time of 154 ± 54 seconds (mean ± SD), the dexamethasone after induction group 134 ± 55 seconds, and the dexamethasone before reversal group 131 ± 68 seconds. The differences among groups were not statistically significant (P = 0.5141).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results show that the use of dexamethasone as an antiemetic drug for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting does not interfere with reversal of neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex in patients undergoing elective surgery with general anesthesia in contrast to in vitro studies that support this hypothesis.
Amitriptyline, but Not Pregabalin, Reverses the Attenuation of Noxious Stimulus–Induced Analgesia After Nerve Injury in Rats
Authors: Matsuoka Hiroaki , Suto Takashi , Saito Shigeru , Obata Hideaki 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:
Noxious stimulus–induced analgesia (NSIA) is a type of conditioned pain modulation in rats that has been used to assess endogenous pain control systems. The descending noradrenergic system is involved in NSIA, and nerve injury induces plastic changes of descending noradrenergic neurons. Thus, we hypothesized that nerve injury would affect NSIA strength and that amitriptyline and pregabalin, which often are used for treating neuropathic pain, might further modulate NSIA through effects on the descending noradrenergic system.

METHODS:
We examined the change in NSIA over time after right L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in rats by measuring the contralateral hind paw withdrawal threshold after left forepaw capsaicin injection. In addition, we examined NSIA after 5 daily intraperitoneal injection of amitriptyline or pregabalin. Microdialysis studies were performed to measure noradrenaline levels after left forepaw capsaicin injection in the left spinal dorsal horn in noninjured rats, SNL rats, and SNL rats that had received 5 daily intraperitoneal injections of amitriptyline or pregabalin.

RESULTS:
NSIA was dramatically attenuated 5 and 6 weeks after SNL (P < 0.001). The noradrenaline level in the lumbar spinal cord was significantly increased in noninjured rats receiving forepaw injection of capsaicin compared with vehicle injection (P < 0.001), but not in rats 6 weeks after SNL surgery. Five daily intraperitoneal injections of amitriptyline (10 mg/kg/d) or pregabalin (10 mg/kg/d) at 5 weeks after SNL gradually increased the ipsilateral hindpaw withdrawal threshold (P < 0.001). At 6 weeks after SNL, amitriptyline, but not pregabalin, reversed the attenuation of NSIA by SNL (P < 0.001) and increased the spinal noradrenaline level after forepaw injection of capsaicin (P = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS:
These data suggest that endogenous analgesia in neuropathic pain states is strongly decreased from a certain time after nerve injury and that amitriptyline reverses the attenuation of endogenous analgesia through effects on the descending noradrenergic system.
“Too Numerous to Be Controlled”
Authors: Orr Andrew 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe integration of women into the French Army as civilian employees during and after the Great War triggered a redefinition of military identity that opened new opportunities for women on a large scale and revealed the strength of antirepublicanism within the French Army. This article traces the process of women's integration into the army by examining how officers resisted giving women a military identity and then examining the surprising ways in which the demobilization process helped to consolidate women's places within the army. Officers ultimately accepted women as part of their institution to the extent that by the mid-1920s, after politicians threatened to give French soldiers the right to vote, senior generals looked to disenfranchised women to help them reduce the number of voters in the army. Officers welcomed women because, like soldiers, they could not vote and thus were seen as being less contaminated by the republican political system.
MicroRNA-204 modulates colorectal cancer cell sensitivity in response to 5-fluorouracil-based treatment by targeting high mobility group protein A2
Authors: Wu Haijun , Liang Yu , Shen Lin , Shen Liangfang 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a conserved class of ∼22 nucleotide RNAs that playing important roles in various biological processes including chemoresistance. Recently, many studies have revealed that miR-204 is significantly attenuated in colorectal cancer (CRC), suggesting that this miRNA may have a function in CRC. However, whether miR-204 modulates chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in colorectal cancer is still unclear. In our present study, we discuss this possibility and the potential mechanism exerting this effect. We identified high mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2) as a novel direct target of miR-204 and showed that miR-204 expression was decreased while HMGA2 expression was increased in CRC cell lines. Additionally, both MiR-204 overexpression and HMGA2 inhibition attenuated cell proliferation, whereas forced expression of HMGA2 partly restored the inhibitory effect of miR-204 on HCT116 and SW480 cells. Moreover, the miR-204/HMGA2 axis modulated the resistance of tumor cells to 5-Fu in HCT-116 and SW480 colon cancer cells via activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. These results demonstrate that the miR-204/HMGA2 axis could play a vital role in the 5-Fu resistance of colon cancer cells. Taken together, our present study elucidated that miR-204 upregulated 5-Fu chemosensitivity via the downregulation of HMGA2 in colorectal cancer and provided significant insight into the mechanism of 5-Fu resistance in colorectal cancer patients. More importantly, our present study suggested that miR-204 has potential as a therapeutic strategy for 5-Fu-resistant colorectal cancer.
Do Earnings Estimates Add Value to Sell-Side Analysts’ Investment Recommendations?
Authors: Kecskés Ambrus , Michaely Roni , Womack Kent L. 
Published: April 2016

Sell-side analysts change their stock recommendations when their valuations differ from the market’s. These valuation differences can arise from either differences in earnings estimates or the nonearnings components of valuation methodologies. We find that recommendation changes motivated by earnings estimate revisions have a greater initial price reaction than the same recommendation changes without earnings estimate revisions: about +1.3% (−2.8%) greater for upgrades (downgrades). Nevertheless, the postrecommendation drift is also greater, suggesting that investors underreact to earnings-based recommendation changes. Implemented as a trading strategy, earnings-based recommendation changes earn risk-adjusted returns of 3% per month, considerably more than non-earnings-based recommendation changes. Evidence from variation in firms’ information environment and analysts’ regulatory environment suggests that recommendation changes with earnings estimate revisions are less affected by analysts’ cognitive and incentive biases. This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Ensembles of Overfit and Overconfident Forecasts
Authors: Grushka-Cockayne Yael , Jose Victor Richmond R. , Lichtendahl Kenneth C. 
Published: April 2016

Firms today average forecasts collected from multiple experts and models. Because of cognitive biases, strategic incentives, or the structure of machine-learning algorithms, these forecasts are often overfit to sample data and are overconfident. Little is known about the challenges associated with aggregating such forecasts. We introduce a theoretical model to examine the combined effect of overfitting and overconfidence on the average forecast. Their combined effect is that the mean and median probability forecasts are poorly calibrated with hit rates of their prediction intervals too high and too low, respectively. Consequently, we prescribe the use of a trimmed average, or trimmed opinion pool, to achieve better calibration. We identify the random forest, a leading machine-learning algorithm that pools hundreds of overfit and overconfident regression trees, as an ideal environment for trimming probabilities. Using several known data sets, we demonstrate that trimmed ensembles can significantly improve the random forest’s predictive accuracy. This paper was accepted by James Smith, decision analysis.
Reference-Dependent Preferences: Evidence from Marathon Runners
Authors: Allen Eric J. , Dechow Patricia M. , Pope Devin G. , Wu George 
Published: April 2016

Theories of reference-dependent preferences propose that individuals evaluate outcomes as gains or losses relative to a neutral reference point. We test for reference dependence in a large data set of marathon finishing times (n = 9,789,093). Models of reference-dependent preferences such as prospect theory predict bunching of finishing times at reference points. We provide visual and statistical evidence that round numbers (e.g., a four-hour marathon) serve as reference points in this environment and as a result produce significant bunching of performance at these round numbers. Bunching is driven by planning and adjustments in effort provision near the finish line and cannot be explained by explicit rewards (e.g., qualifying for the Boston Marathon), peer effects, or institutional features (e.g., pacesetters). Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2417 . This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
Musculoskeletal Disorders in Broadcasting Engineers: The Role of Ergonomic Factors and Work Organization
Authors: Vangelova K. , Tzenova B. , Stanchev V. 
Published: April 2016

Summary
The rate of musculoskeletal disorders is increasing in white collar workers and often is discussed in relation to ergonomic and work organization issues. The aim of the study was to follow the rate and determinants of musculoskeletal disorders in broadcasting engineers under shift work. Job analysis and ergonomic evaluation of the workplaces of 168 broadcasting engineers, working different shift work schedules, was carried. The self reported working conditions, psychosocial and ergonomic factors were followed. Questioning for distribution and localization of musculoskeletal complaints and diagnosed musculoskeletal disorders was carried. Data were analyzed with variation, correlation and regression analysis. A lot of ergonomic and work organization problems, simultaneous work on two monitors, changes of workplace during the shift were found. More than 50% of the employees were not content with shift work schedules, 38.7% worked often under time pressure and 23.8% in non-ergonomic work posture. A high incidence of musculoskeletal complaints mainly in the region of the back and neck was found. 35.1% of the employee reported musculoskeletal disorders, determined by non-ergonomic work posture, problems in shift work schedules, lack of control and decision making in a highly significant model. Measures for improving workplace ergonomics and work organization were proposed in order to reduce stress, fatigue and health risks in broadcasting staff.
Prevalence Rate of Musculoskeletal Discomforts Based on Severity Level Among Office Workers
Authors: Shariat A. , Tamrin Sh. Bahri Mohd , Arumugam M. , Danaee M. , Ramasamy R. 
Published: April 2016

Summary
There are a variety of body aches that fall under the umbrella term of Musculoskeletal Discomforts (MSDs). These can be distinguished based on the level of pain suffered by the patient, ranging from mild and sporadic to serious, constant and fatal. It has been suggested that a link exists between MSDs and risk factors involving one’s occupational conditions and physicality. Examining the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal discomforts based on the severity among office workers was the main objective of this study. In order to achieve this objective, we had, in February 2015, selected from a population of 20 000 Malaysian office workers, 753 subjects within the age range of 20-50 years who have had a minimum of a year’s working experience. For this study, a form of structured questionnaire, known as the Cornell questionnaire, has been evaluated and put to use. Under the watch of the researchers, the subjects were instructed to complete the questionnaire in the morning before they begin their respective jobs. Based on their responses, the Cornell questionnaire has revealed that at least one case of severe pain in the neck, shoulder or lower back, respectively, is suffered by 69.7% of the subjects. In the case of neck-related aches, 15% low pain, whereas 51% involved mild pain and 33.9% were cases of severe pain. That being said, 19.3% low pain in the lower back, while 50.7% suffered from mild pain and 30% had severe pain in the same region. Percentages of 34.9% for high severity, 45.4% for mild severity and 19.7% for low severity were simultaneously reported in the shoulder section. In a nutshell, the study has revealed that, in comparison with body aches in the arms, knees, upper back, forearms, wrists, hands, hips and thighs, the subjects are more vulnerable to body aches in the neck, shoulders and lower back.
Etiologic Characteristics of Enterocolitis in Hospitalized HIV-Infected Patients for 3-Year Period (2013-2015)
Authors: Yancheva N. , Strashimirov D. , Elenkov I. , Tchervenyakova T. , Tomova P. , Tcvetkova N. , Yankova M. , Tomov T. , Nikolova M. 
Published: April 2016

Summary
Diarrhea is the most common gastrointestinal symptom in HIV-infected patients. The incidence and severity of diarrhea increase with progression of the immune defi ciency. In the literature, 30-60% of the patients with diarrhea among HIV-infected individuals remain without specified etiological agent. The aim of this article is to present the incidence of enterocolitis among hospitalized HIV-infected patients over a 3-year period and the degree of etiological clarifi cation of the cause. The results of our analyses showed that 63% of the hospitalized HIV-infected patients for this period were with enterocolitis. Only in 30% of these patients etiological agent was isolated. The reasons for this are mainly financial constraints and, therefore, virological investigations and further endoscopic and histopathological examination of the patients with negative for bacteria and parasites stool samples, were not performed. In the cases with isolated pathogen, an etiological treatment was carried out in parallel with highly active antiretroviral therapy, while in unsubstantiated cases an empirical treatment was carried out. Advanced immune defi ciency was associated with more severe course and worse prognosis of the enterocolitis. The treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy, which leads to improvement of the immune status of the patients, is essential for the output of enterocolitis in HIV-infected patients.
Effect of Alcohol to Oral Health
Authors: Peycheva K. , Boteva E. 
Published: April 2016

Summary
According to the World Health Organization there are almost two billion people worldwide who consume alcohol on a regular basis. It’s a common abuse and almost 80 million are diagnozed with “alcohol abuse disorders” (WHO 2002, 2004). Excessive alcohol consumption is related to more than 60 different medical conditions, as suicide, homicide and different forms of accidents. Some conditions are acute, while other conditions such as liver cirrhosis, chronic pancreatitis, haemorrhagic stroke and various forms of cancer, are chronic consequences. Non-carious destructions of teeth like dental erosion are also associated with frequent alcohol consumption, because of precipitation of salivary proline-rich proteins caused by polyphenols present in most alcoholic drinks. The high concentration of organic and inorganic acids and the habit of keeping the alcoholic drink in the mouth can cause chronic inflammations of the soft tissues in the mouth and can increase the negative side effects from metals of crowns, bridges, orthodontic devises and various restorations. A literature review has been made due to the authors clinical observations and experiences.
Approaches towards training in human risk management of surgical technology
Authors: Geissler Norman , Machno Andrej , Sánchez-Peralta Luisa F. , Pagador José Blas , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco M. , Korb Werner 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA safe application of modern surgical technology and computer-assisted surgery devices is based on an operation by adequately trained surgeons who are familiar with the benefits and limitations of the devices. We analyzed the in-depth interviews with seven Spanish and 10 German surgeons. Together with other studies, this analysis highlights the need for specific training in technological competence for surgeons. One way to train technological competence is to help surgeons understanding the basic principles of medical devices as well as explaining the basic concepts of risk analysis and risk management. Based on this premise, a stage model for risk assessment was developed and adapted for the training of surgeons. This was developed further into a train the trainer (TTT) concept, which was then evaluated for two example cases. During TTT-training, the
Concentrations and uptake of micronutrients by oat and pea in intercrops in response to N fertilization and sowing ratio
Authors: Neugschwandtner Reinhard W. , Kaul Hans-Peter 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIntercropping is of increasing interest in temperate regions. This study assessed the influence of nitrogen (N) fertilization and sowing ratio on concentrations and uptake of micronutrients copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in grain and residue of oat and pea in three substitutive intercrops on a fertile soil in eastern Austria. N increased grain concentrations of Cu and Zn in oat and pea but decreased the nutrient harvest indices especially for pea. Intercropping did not affect grain concentrations of oat but those of pea were increased in one year in intercrops with a lower pea share. Residue concentrations of Cu and Zn in oat were increased in intercrops with lower oat share. Pea residue concentrations of all four micronutrients were affected by intercropping. Slightly higher grain nutrient yields could be obtained for Mn and Zn in oat-dominated unfertilized intercrops, whereas the residue micronutrient yields were higher in all intercrops compared to pure stands because of generally higher nutrient concentrations in intercrops. Consequently, advantages of oat–pea intercrops for increasing micronutrient yield in grain were limited, but intercropping can be a strategy for increasing the micronutrient yield in residue that can be used for ruminant feeding.
A Concept of Accounting Quality from Accounting Harmonisation Perspective
Authors: Legenzova Renata 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to assess if and how a concept of accounting quality differs from perspectives of various types of organisations affected by the accounting harmonisation process. Accounting harmonisation is commonly associated with worldwide adoption of IFRS by public interest companies. However, in the EU this process is much broader and also involves efforts to harmonise accounting standards for non-listed companies and public sector organisations. Analysis of the previous scientific research revealed that accounting quality was commonly assessed from IFRS users’ perspective and approximated with the quality of financial statements. However, based on the interviews with experts of Lithuanian accounting market, the concept of accounting quality for small and medium companies and public sector institutions is ambiguous and still needs to be clarified. Definition of accounting quality only as the quality financial statements is too narrow as financial disclosure is not that important for such companies. For non-listed companies and public sector organisations, other aspects and factors, such as qualification of accountants, supervision of accounting and reporting, overall and managers’ perspective on importance of accounting, have more importance while defining accounting quality.
Sampling Rate Impact on the Tuning of PID Controller Parameters
Authors: Laskawski Michal , Wcislik Miroslaw 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The paper deals with an analysis of automatic control system with continuous and discrete PID controllers. A method of tuning the parameters of the continuous controller is presented, which is optimal according to the ITAE criterion. The behavior of control systems with discrete controllers whose parameters were tuned using the mentioned method are described. The impact of changes in the sampling period of controlled signal on the control quality is shown. Changes of the values of optimal parameters of discrete PID controllers in relation to changes of the sampling rate of controlled signal are characterized.
Influence of Self-Similar Traffic Type on Performance of QoS Routing Algorithms
Authors: Czarkowski Michał , Kaczmarek Sylwester , Wolff Maciej 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Providing a Quality of Services (QoS) into current telecommunication networks based on packet technology is a big challenge nowadays. Network operators have to support a number of new services like voice or video which generate new type of traffic. This traffic serviced with QoS in consequence requires access to appropriate network resources. Additionally, new traffic type is mixed with older one, like best-effort. Analysis of these new and mixed traffic types shows that this traffic is self-similar. Network mechanisms used for delivery of quality of services may depend on traffic type especially from the performance point of view. This paper presents a feasibility study done into the effect of traffic type influence on performance of routing algorithm while the routing algorithm is treated as one of the mechanisms to support QoS in the network.