bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Efficiency MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cell Using a Pure Thin Film of Polyoxometalate as Scaffold Layer
Authors: Sardashti Mohammad Khaledi , Zendehdel Mahmoud , Nia Narges Yaghoobi , Karimian Davud , Sheikhi Mohammad 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHere, we successfully used a pure layer of [SiW11O39]8− polyoxomethalate (POM) structure as a thin‐film scaffold layer for CH3NH3PbI3‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A smooth nanoporous surface of POM causes outstanding improvement of the photocurrent density, external quantum efficiency (EQE), and overall efficiency of the PSCs compared to mesoporous TiO2 (mp‐TiO2) as scaffold layer. Average power conversion efficiency (PCE) values of 15.5 % with the champion device showing 16.3 % could be achieved by using POM and a sequential deposition method with the perovskite layer. Furthermore, modified and defect‐free POM/perovskite interface led to elimination of the anomalous hysteresis in the current–voltage curves. The open‐circuit voltage decay study shows promising decrease of the electron recombination in the POM‐based PSCs, which is also related to the modification of the POM/ perovskite interface and higher electron transport inside the POM layer.
Multivalent methionine‐functionalized biocompatible block copolymers for targeted small interfering RNA delivery and subsequent reversal effect on adriamycin resistance in human breast cancer cell line MCF‐7/ADR
Authors: Wu Yang , Zhang Wei , Li Tinghan , Ma Rong , Chen Dan , Zhang Junying , Wu Jianzhong , Tang Jinhai 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundCationic polymers are outstanding representatives of the most efficient small interfering RNA (siRNA) vectors. Low cytotoxicity and siRNA protecting effect can be obtained with these cationic polymers via a variety of structural modifications. Nevertheless, the gap between their efficiency and the requirement for therapeutic processes is still noticeable.MethodsA cationic polymer vector was synthesized via the copolymerization of N‐(1,3‐dihydroxy propan‐2‐yl)methacrylamide (DHPMA) and N‐(3‐aminopropyl)methacrylamide (APMA).ResultsAPMA provides amine functionality that allows the conjugation of guanidine and methionine groups. Attributed to the hydroxy groups of DHPMA, the synthesized guanidine and methionine grafted DHPMA‐b‐APMA block copolymer (mDG) is water soluble and has good biocompatibility. The obtained mDG has high zeta potential, narrow molecular weight distribution, better membrane‐penetrating ability, high transfection efficiency, tumor cell targeting ability and high stability.ConclusionsThe synthesized polymer vector can deliver siRNA molecules into tumor cells and then reverse drug resistance by down regulation of P‐glycoprotein mRNA expression.
Homogenization of Ukrainian air temperature data
Authors: Osadchyi Volodymyr , Skrynyk Olesya , Radchenko Roman , Skrynyk Oleg 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTA database of monthly mean air temperature data collected in Ukraine has been created. The database contains records of 514 stations, which were working at one time or another during the period 1812–2014. Metadata have also been collected using the available descriptions of the stations' histories. Regular observations at a sufficiently large number of stations contained in the database began in the early 1880s. However, due to the disruptions that occurred during World Wars I and II and resulted in a lot of missing data, a reliable homogenized data set can be obtained only for the period 1946–2014. For this period, we have homogenized the data from 178 stations by means of the HOMER software. The total number of breaks that we have identified is 287. However, only approximately 31% of them can be explained by the station relocations or other reasons. The shift magnitudes in annual series do not exceed ±1 °C with the small negative mean value. Therefore, on average, the inhomogeneities of the time series have an effect of increasing the past temperature slightly over the territory of Ukraine and, consequently, decrease the rate of the temperature rise. The trend analysis of the raw and homogenized time series confirms this conclusion. The homogenized data show a more realistic pattern of the spatial distribution of the temperature tendencies, in contrast to many artificial spots of higher or lower trend values in the raw data. After the homogenization, the areas with insignificant trends were considerably reduced.
Study of the interactions between proximal femur 3d bone shape, cartilage health, and biomechanics in patients with hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Pedoia Valentina , Samaan Michael A. , Inamdar Gaurav , Gallo Matthew C. , Souza Richard B. , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study quantitative MRI and gait analysis were used to investigate the relationships between proximal femur 3D bone shape, cartilage morphology, cartilage biochemical composition, and joint biomechanics in subject with hip Osteoarthritis (OA). Eighty subjects underwent unilateral hip MR‐imaging: T1ρ and T2 relaxation times were extracted through voxel based relaxometry and bone shape was assessed with 3D MRI‐based statistical shape modeling. In addition, 3D gait analysis was performed in seventy‐six of the studied subjects. Associations between shape, cartilage lesion presence, severity, and cartilage T1ρ and T2 were analyzed with linear regression and statistical parametric mapping. An ad hoc analysis was performed to investigate biomechanics and shape associations. Our results showed that subjects with a higher neck shaft angle in the coronal plane (higher mode 1, coxa valga), thicker femoral neck and a less spherical femoral head (higher mode 5, pistol grip) exhibited more severe acetabular and femoral cartilage abnormalities, showing different interactions with demographics factors. Subjects with coxa valga also demonstrated a prolongation of T1ρ and T2. Subjects with pistol grip deformity exhibited reduced hip internal rotation angles and subjects with coxa valga exhibited higher peak hip adduction moment and moment impulse. The results of this study establish a clear relationship between 3D proximal femur shape variations and markers of hip joint degeneration—morphological, compositional, well as insight on the possible interactions with demographics and biomechanics, suggesting that 3D MRI‐based bone shape maybe a promising biomarker of early hip joint degeneration. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:330–341, 2018.
Physical validation of a Monte Carlo‐based, phantom‐derived approach to computed tomography organ dosimetry under tube current modulation
Authors: Stepusin Elliott J. , Long Daniel J. , Ficarrotta Kayla R. , Hintenlang David E. , Bolch Wesley E. 
Published: July 2017

PurposeTo physically validate the accuracy of a Monte Carlo‐based, phantom‐derived methodology for computed tomography (CT) dosimetry that utilizes organ doses from precomputed axial scans and that accounts for tube current modulation (TCM).MethodsThe output of a Toshiba Aquilion ONE CT scanner was modeled, based on physical measurement, in the Monte Carlo radiation transport code MCNPX (v2.70). CT examinations were taken of two anthropomorphic phantoms representing pediatric and adult patients (15‐yr‐old female and adult male) at various energies, in which physical organ dose measurements were made using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs). These exams (chest–abdomen–pelvis) were modeled using organ dose data obtained from the computationally equivalent phantom of each anthropomorphic phantom. TCM was accounted for by weighting all organ dose contributions by both the relative attenuation of the phantom and the image‐derived mA value (from the DICOM header) at the same z‐extent (cranial–caudal direction) of the axial dose data.ResultsThe root mean squares of percent difference in organ dose when comparing the physical organ dose measurements to the computational estimates were 21.2, 12.1, and 15.1% for the uniform (no attenuation weighting), weighted (computationally derived), and image‐based methodologies, respectively.ConclusionsOverall, these data suggest that the Monte Carlo‐based dosimetry presented in this work is viable for CT dosimetry. Additionally, for CT exams with TCM, local attenuation weighting of organ dose contributions from precomputed axial dosimetry libraries increases organ dose accuracy.
A Novel Role for CAMKK1 in the Regulation of the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome
Authors: Dong Feng , Patnaik Shyam , Duan Zhong-Hui , Kiedrowski Matthew , Penn Marc S. , Mayorga Maritza E. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Transplantation of adult stem cells into myocardial tissue after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), has been shown to improve tissue recovery and prevent progression to ischemic cardiomyopathy. Studies suggest that the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are due to paracrine factors released by MSC, as the benefits of MSC can be achieved through delivery of conditioned media (CM) alone. We previously demonstrated that downregulation of Dab2 enhances MSC cardiac protein expression and improves cardiac function after AMI following MSC engraftment. In order to define the molecular mechanisms that regulate MSC secretome, we analyzed gene arrays in MSC following downregulation of Dab2 via TGFβ1 pretreatment or transfection with Dab2:siRNA or miR-145. We identified 23 genes whose expressions were significantly changed in all three conditions. Among these genes, we have initially focused our validation and functional work on calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-1 (CAMKK1). We quantified the effects of CAMKK1 overexpression in MSC following injection of CM after AMI. Injections of CM from MSC with CAMKK1 over-expression correlated with an increase in vascular density (CAMKK1 CM: 2,794.95 ± 44.2 versus Control: 1,290.69 ± 2.8 vessels/mm2) and decreased scar formation (CAMKK1 CM 50% ± 3.2% versus Control: 28% ± 1.4%), as well as improved cardiac function. Direct overexpression of CAMKK1 in infarcted tissue using a CAMKK1-encoding plasmid significantly improved ejection fraction (CAMKK1: 83.2% ± 5.4% versus saline: 51.7% ± 5.8%. Baseline: 91.3% ± 4.3%) and decreased infarct size after AMI. Our data identify a novel role for CAMKK1 as regulator of the MSC secretome and demonstrate that direct overexpression of CAMKK1 in infarcted cardiac tissue, results in therapeutic beneficial effects.
Immunoglobulin G4‐related kidney disease: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Zheng Ke , Teng Fei , Li Xue‐Mei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractImmunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a recently recognized clinical entity that often involves multiple organs; it is characterized by high levels of serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4), dense infiltration of IgG4+ cells, and storiform fibrosis. Cellular immunity, particularly T cell‐mediated immunity, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IgG4‐RD. The most frequent renal manifestations of IgG4‐RD are IgG4‐related tubulointerstitial nephritis, membranous glomerulonephropathy (MGN), and obstructive nephropathy secondary to urinary tract obstruction due to IgG4‐related retroperitoneal fibrosis, prostatitis, or ureter inflammation. Kidney function impairment can be acute or chronic. In IgG4‐MGN, proteinuria can be in the nephrotic range. The diagnosis of IgG4‐related kidney disease should not be based solely on serum IgG4 levels or the number of tissue‐infiltrating IgG4+ plasma cells. Diagnosis should be based on specific histopathological findings, confirmed by tissue immunostaining and an appropriate clinical context. Steroid treatment is the first‐line therapy. For relapsing or refractory cases, immunosuppressants could be combined with steroids. In hydronephrosis patients, appropriate immunosuppressive therapy could preclude the implantation of a double J ureteral catheter.
Potential role of thymosin beta 4 in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Jiang Yong , Han Tao , Zhang Zhi‐Guang , Li Man , Qi Feng‐Xiang , Zhang Ying , Ji Ying‐Lan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAs a result of increased prevalence of obesity worldwide, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. Although most NAFLD cases remain benign, some progress to end‐stage liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, treatment should be considered for NAFLD patients who are likely to progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or fibrosis. Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4), a G‐actin sequestering peptide, regulates actin polymerization in mammalian cells. In addition, studies have reported anti‐inflammatory, insulin‐sensitizing, and anti‐fibrotic effects of Tβ4. However, no research has been done to investigate the effects of Tβ4 on NAFLD. Based on the findings above mentioned, we hypothesize that Tβ4 may represent an effective treatment for NAFLD.
Hemoglobins emerging roles in mental disorders. Metabolical, genetical and immunological aspects
Authors: Altinoz Meric A. , Ince Bahri 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHemoglobin (Hb) expression in the central nervous system is recently shown. Cooccurences of mental disorders (mainly bipolar disorder (BD) and tic disorders) with β‐ or α‐thalassemia trait or erythrocytosis were witnessed, which may be due to peripheral or central hypoxia/hyperoxia or haplotypal gene interactions. β‐Globin genes reside at 11p15.5 close to tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine receptor DRD4 and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor, which involve in psychiatric diseases. α‐Globin genes reside at 16p13.3 which associates with BD, tic disorders, ATR‐16 Syndrome and Rubinstein Taybi Syndrome (RTS). CREB‐Binding Protein (CEBBP)‐gene is mutated in RTS, which commonly associates with mood disorders. 16p13.3 region also contains GRIN2A gene encoding N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor‐2A and SSTR5 (Somatostatin Receptor‐5), again involving in mental disorders. We demonstrated a protective role of minor HbA2 against post‐partum episodes in BD and association of higher minor HbF (fetal hemoglobin) levels with family history of psychosis in a BD‐patient cohort. HbA2 increases in cardiac ischemia and in mountain dwellers indicating its likely protection against ischemia/hypoxia. HMGIY, a repressive transcription factor of δ‐globin chain of HbA2 is increased in lymphocytes of schizophrenics. In autism, deletional mutations were found in BCL11A gene, which cause persistence of HbF at high levels in adulthood. Also, certain polymorphisms in BCL11A strongly associate with schizophrenia. Further, many drugs from anabolic steroids to antimalarial agents elevate HbF and may cause mania. We ascribe a protective role to HbA2 and a maladaptive detrimental role to HbF in psychopathology. We believe that future studies on hemoglobins may pave to discover novel pathogenesis mechanisms in mental disorders.
Physical activity modifies the influence of apolipoprotein E ε4 allele and type 2 diabetes on dementia and cognitive impairment among older Mexican Americans
Authors: Shih I‐Fan , Paul Kimberly , Haan Mary , Yu Yu , Ritz Beate 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe etiologies of dementia are complex and influenced by genetic and environmental factors including medical conditions.MethodsWe used Cox regression model to estimate the individual and joint effects of physical activity (PA), apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, and diabetes status on risk of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) among 1438 cognitively intact Mexican American elderly who were followed up to 10 years.ResultsThe risk of developing dementia/CIND was increased more than threefold in APOE ε4 carriers or diabetics with low levels of PA compared with ε4 noncarriers or nondiabetics who engaged in high PA (ε4: hazard ratio [HR] = 3.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.85–6.39; diabetes: HR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.87–5.18); the presence of all three risk factors increased risk by nearly 10‐fold (HR = 9.49, 95% CI = 3.57–25.3).DiscussionPA in elderly Hispanics protects strongly against the onset of dementia/CIND, especially in APOE ε4 carriers and those who have diabetes.
Morphotectonic inversion in the Tunka rift basin (southwestern Baikal region)
Authors: Shchetnikov A.A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The general basement subsidence trend in the Tunka rift is locally interrupted by uplift (basin inversion). The inversion uplift causes deformation to basin sediments and shows up in the surface topography as morphostructures of two types. Inversion in the area is either part of rifting, when the subsidence-to-uplift change is driven by the rifting mechanism, or perturbs the rifting trend as superposed Gobi-type mountain growth, but is never associated with change from continental rifting to other tectonic setting. The presence of buried erosion cutouts in the rift valley floor indicates that wave-like vertical motions, with erosion during uplift and deposition in the erosion cutouts during subsidence, superpose on differentiated (orogenic) motions. The latest phase of basin inversion acted in the Tunka rift in the second half of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene, and the amount of uplift varied from a few tens to a few hundreds of meters. The highest 300 m uplift was in the Tor rift basin, as estimated from relative elevation of its ~ 55 kyr sediments. In general, inversion uplift occurred over 40% of the Tunka basin area (872 km2 of 2240 km2), and about 450 km2 of this uplift (49% of the uplifted area or 20% of the rift valley floor) grew by the Gobi-type mechanism. Quaternary sediments lie with a hiatus upon the Neogene strata in almost all sedimentary sections of basin margins, thus indicating that the deposition area reduced for a long period in the rift history and reached the former extent only in the earliest Late Pleistocene.
A continuum model of present-day crustal deformation in the Pamir–Tien Shan region constrained by GPS data
Authors: Mansurov A.N. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We present a new model of crustal deformation in the Pamir–Tien Shan region. There are two different ways of assessing the deformation: block and continuum modeling. In this study we adopt a continuum modeling approach, which is based on computation of the two-dimensional strain rate tensor field of the Earth’s crust. This approach allows independent computation of the deformation at any point of the computation grid by solving an over-constrained system of linear algebraic equations based on the linear term of the Taylor series expansion of the point velocity function about its radius-vector. We propose a detailed description of this method including a significance criterion introduced by the author for estimating the reliability of modeling results. We discuss the parameters of this deformation model for the Pamir–Tien Shan region, computed from the GPS velocity data measured at 506 sites of the Central Asian GPS network. The most distinctive features of the estimated strain field are N–S shortening of the largest basins in the Tien Shan and at the junction between the Pamir and Tien Shan, as well as the westward motion of the eastern and western boundaries of the Pamir relative to the Tarim plate and Tajik depression.
Geoelectrochemical detection of PGE content anomalies within the Svetlyi Bor massif (Central Urals)
Authors: Putikov O.F. , Senchina N.P. , Talovina I.V. , Duryagina A.M. , Telegin Yu.M. , Nikiforova V.S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Experimental and methodological works were carried out by the thermomagnetic geochemical method (TMGM), one of geoelectrochemical methods, within the Svetlyi Bor platiniferous massif (Central Urals). We have analyzed the results of observation along two (search and test) profiles. The known distribution of platinum contents along the ditch in the test profile confirmed the effectiveness of the used method and made it possible to recognize the best indicators of platinum from the geoelectrochemical research data. The obtained results helped to reveal PGE-promising areas and suggested the presence of deep-seated “blind” orebodies.
Dielectric and radio-frequency emission parameters of formation and condensate waters from gas wells
Authors: Epov M.I. , Men’shikov S.N. , Kharitonov A.N. , Romanov A.N. , Permyakov V.S. , Bortnikova S.B. , Yurkevich N.V. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A comprehensive study of water samples from the Medvezh’e, Yubileinoe, and Yamsoveiskoe oil-gas condensate fields was performed for the rapid identification of liquids from gas wells. The proportions of condensate, formation, and process waters in the produced mixture were assumed on the basis of their physicochemical parameters and chemical composition. Their dielectric parameters were studied at a frequency of 0.6 GHz. Dependences of the dielectric and radio emission parameters on the total salinity and concentrations of major cations have been established. Algorithms for identifying different types of well water based on their dielectric parameters are proposed.
Determination of corner frequencies of source spectra for subduction earthquakes in Avacha Gulf (Kamchatka)
Authors: Skorkina A.A. , Gusev A.A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The source spectra of M = 4.0–6.5 subduction earthquakes of 2011–2014 in Kamchatka are studied. The dataset comprises 1272 source spectra recovered from S waves of 372 earthquakes recorded by six digital rock-ground stations. The structure of the spectra is examined on the basis of a spectral model with three corner frequencies fc1, fc2, and fc3. It was assumed that the spectra behave as f–2 between fc2 and fc3, where fc3 denotes “source-controlled fmax” after Aki and Gusev. To determine the corner frequencies, we extracted the source spectra from S-wave spectra using a previously developed attenuation model for the study area. The spectra were first reduced to the reference hard-rock station, employing a specially determined set of spectral amplifications of stations. We approximated the recovered source spectrum by a piecewise power-law function, estimated fc1, fc2, and fc3, and examined their dependence on the seismic moment M0 (i.e., scaling). The dependence fc1(M0) does not contradict the hypothesis of source similarity when one expects fc1 ∝ M0− 1/3. For fc2 and fc3, the scaling is close to fc2 ∝ M0− 0.23 and fc3 ∝ M0− 0.13, respectively, indicating a clear violation of the similarity, especially prominent for fc3. Systematic identification of the frequency fc3, its determination, and analysis of its scaling are the main results of the study, important for understanding the physics of earthquake source processes. The use of fc3 as a source parameter in strong ground motion simulations will eliminate biases in estimating attenuation parameters, in particular, the spectral decay parameter “kappa”.
Present thermal regime of Lake Atomic (Semipalatinsk test site)
Authors: Ayunov D.E. , Duchkov A.D. , Kazantsev S.A. , Romanenko V.V. , Subbotin S.B. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We present results of the first research into the thermal regime of the water column of man-made Lake Atomic (Semipalatinsk test site) performed in 2013–2015. The temperature data have shown a two-layer stratification of the water column. In the upper layer (0–30 m) there are significant yearly temperature variations caused by seasonal climatic changes and wind–wave mixing. In the lower layer (30–80 m) there is a stable nonlinear temperature distribution. This lake can be classified as meromictic, whose upper layer consists of weakly mineralized “light” water and lower one, of highly mineralized “heavy” water. This stratification prevents seasonal mixing of waters of the entire column (from surface to bottom).