bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spine Kinematics During Prone Extension in People With and Without Low Back Pain and Among Classification-Specific Low Back Pain Subgroups
Authors: Mazzone Brittney , Wood Ron , Gombatto Sara 
Published: May 2016

Study Design Cross-sectional observational design. Background Spine extension is used in physical therapy during examination and treatment for low back pain (LBP). However, kinematics during prone extension have not been examined using 3-D motion capture. Objectives The primary purpose was to determine differences in spine kinematics during prone extension between subjects with and without LBP. An exploratory analysis was conducted to examine kinematic differences among LBP subgroups. Methods Kinematics of the thoracic and lumbar spine were examined during prone extension, using optical motion capture, in 18 subjects with LBP and 17 subjects without LBP (control group). Excursion of each spinal region was calculated for the entire movement and during 25% increments of extension movement duration. Subjects with LBP were examined and assigned to subgroups using 3 different classification systems for LBP. Repeated-measures analysis-of-variance tests were used to examine effects of group (LBP, control), spine region, and increment of movement duration, and to explore effects of LBP subgroup. Results For spine kinematics, there was a significant group-by-region interaction effect (P<.05). Subjects with LBP displayed less lower lumbar extension (13.3° ± 4.9°) than control subjects (21.4° ± 9.2°). The majority of lower lumbar extension occurred during the first 50% of the motion for subjects with LBP. Subgroup-by-region interaction effects were significant for 2 of 3 LBP classification systems (P<.05). Conclusion Subjects with LBP displayed less lower lumbar extension than control subjects during prone extension. These differences should be considered when evaluating and prescribing prone extension. The interpretation of subgroup differences with prone extension kinematics is limited in the current study by the small sample size, but may need to be considered in future studies of spine kinematics. Level of Evidence Diagnosis, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(7):571–579. Epub 12 May 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6159
Optimal Materialized View Management in Distributed Environment Using Random Walk Approach
Authors: Bagale Purushottam , Joshi Shashidhar Ram 
Published: May 2016

<p>Materialized View selection and maintenance is a critical problem in many applications. In large databases particularly in distributed database, query response time plays an important role as timely access to information and it is the basic requirement of successful business application. The materialization of all views is not possible because of the space constraint and maintenance cost constraint. Materialized views selection is one of the crucial decisions in designing a data warehouse for optimal efficiency. Selecting a suitable set of views that minimizes the total cost associated with the materialized views is the key component in distributed database environment. Several solutions have been proposed in the literature to solve this problem. However, most studies do not encompass search time, storage constrains and maintenance cost. In this research work two algorithms are depicted; first for materialized view selection and maintenance in distributed environment where database is distributed, Second algorithm is for node selection in distributed environment. </p><p><em>Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Vol.1</em>, 2015, 69-75</p>
Earthwork Planning and Visualisation of Time-Location Information in Road Construction Projects
Authors: Shah R. K. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Accurate information of locations from visual aspect is vital for efficient resource planning and managing the workspace conflicts in the earthwork operations, which are missing in the existing linear schedules. Hence, the construction managers have to depend on the subjective decisions and intangible imagining for resources allocation, workspace conflicts and location-based progress monitoring in the earthwork projects. This has caused uncertainties in planning and scheduling of earthworks, and consequently delays and cost overruns of the projects. To overcome these issues, a framework of computer based prototype model was developed using the theory of location-based planning. This paper focuses on the case study experiments to demonstrate the functions of the model, which includes automatic generation of location-based earthwork schedules and visualisation of cut-fill locations on a weekly basis. The experiment results confirmed the model’s capability in identifying precise weekly locations of cut-fill and also visualising the time-space conflicts at the earthwork projects. Hence, the paper concludes that the model is a useful decision supporting tool to improve site productivity and reduce production cost of earthworks in the construction projects like roads and railways. </p><p><em>Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Vol. 1, 2015</em>, pp. 75-84</p>
Poultry Faeces Management by Bioconversion Technology with Modified GGC 2047 Model
Authors: Neupane S. K. , Sharma Ram K. , Karki Shiva Shankar 
Published: May 2016

<p>In this report, entitled “Poultry Faeces Management by Bioconversion Technology with Modified GGC 2047 model” focuses on various parameters relating to physico-chemical characteristics of the substrate, fertilizing value of digested poultry waste and potential to create profitability from biogas energy, thus generated and balancing the environmental aspects using poultry waste digestion. Also, biogas may be the tool of energy generation in rural areas while sanitation (waste management) in urban areas of developing countries asNepal. Biogas production from chicken faeces could be obtained more effectively by feeding around 8.5 kg per day. It is concluded that digester could be run by around 2.5 quintal chicken faeces per month. Hence those people, who can manage this quantity of waste, can utilize bio-digester without poultry farm.</p><p><em>Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Vol. 1, 2015</em>, pp. 107-117</p>
Words are not enough: nonword repetition as an indicator of arcuate fasciculus integrity during brain tumor resection
Authors: Sierpowska Joanna , Gabarrós Andreu , Fernandez-Coello Alejandro , Camins Àngels , Castañer Sara , Juncadella Montserrat , Morís Joaquín , Rodríguez-Fornells Antoni 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
Subcortical electrical stimulation during brain surgery may allow localization of functionally crucial white matter fibers and thus tailoring of the tumor resection according to its functional limits. The arcuate fasciculus (AF) is a white matter bundle connecting frontal, temporal, and parietal cortical areas that is often disrupted by left brain lesions. It plays a critical role in several cognitive functions related to phonological processing, but current intraoperative monitoring methods do not yet allow mapping of this tract with sufficient precision. In the present study the authors aimed to test a new paradigm for the intraoperative monitoring of the AF.

METHODS
In this report, the authors studied 12 patients undergoing awake brain surgery for tumor resection with a related risk of AF damage. To preserve AF integrity and the cognitive processes sustained by this tract in the intraoperative context, the authors used real word repetition (WR) and nonword repetition (NWR) tasks as complements to standard picture naming.

RESULTS
Compared with the errors identified by WR or picture naming, the NWR task allowed the detection of subtle errors possibly related to AF alterations. Moreover, only 3 patients demonstrated phonological paraphasias in standard picture naming, and in 2 of these patients the paraphasias co-occurred with the total loss of WR and NWR ability. Before surgery, lesion volume predicted a patient's NWR performance.

CONCLUSIONS
The authors suggest that monitoring NWR intraoperatively may complement the standard naming tasks and could permit better preservation of the important language production functions subserved by the AF.
ANALYTIC H i-to-H2 PHOTODISSOCIATION TRANSITION PROFILES
Authors: Bialy Shmuel , Sternberg Amiel 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a simple analytic procedure for generating atomic (H i) to molecular (

) density profiles for optically thick hydrogen gas clouds illuminated by far-ultraviolet radiation fields. Our procedure is based on the analytic theory for the structure of one-dimensional H i/

photon-dominated regions, presented by Sternberg et al. Depth-dependent atomic and molecular density fractions may be computed for arbitrary gas density, far-ultraviolet field intensity, and the metallicity-dependent H2 formation rate coefficient, and dust absorption cross section in the Lyman–Werner photodissociation band. We use our procedure to generate a set of

transition profiles for a wide range of conditions, from the weak- to strong-field limits, and from super-solar down to low metallicities. We show that if presented as functions of dust optical depth, the

and

density profiles depend primarily on the Sternberg “

parameter” (dimensionless) that determines the dust optical depth associated with the total photodissociated

column. We derive a universal analytic formula for the

transition points as a function of just

. Our formula will be useful for interpreting emission-line observations of H i/

interfaces, for estimating star formation thresholds, and for sub-grid components in hydrodynamics simulations.
HOMOLOGOUS SOLAR EVENTS ON 2011 JANUARY 27: BUILD-UP AND PROPAGATION IN A COMPLEX CORONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Pick M. , Stenborg G. , Démoulin P. , Zucca P. , Lecacheux A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
In spite of the wealth of imaging observations at the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV), X-ray, and radio wavelengths, there are still relatively few cases where all of the imagery is available to study the full development of a coronal mass ejection (CME) event and its associated shock. The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the role of the coronal environment in the development of CMEs and the formation of shocks, and their propagation. We have analyzed the interactions of a couple of homologous CME events with ambient coronal structures. Both events were launched in a direction far from the local vertical, and exhibited a radical change in their direction of propagation during their progression from the low corona into higher altitudes. Observations at EUV wavelengths from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly instrument on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory were used to track the events in the low corona. The development of the events at higher altitudes was followed by the white-light coronagraphs on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. Radio emissions produced during the development of the events were well recorded by the Nançay solar instruments. Thanks to their detection of accelerated electrons, the radio observations are an important complement to the EUV imaging. They allowed us to characterize the development of the associated shocks, and helped to unveil the physical processes behind the complex interactions between the CMEs and ambient medium (e.g., compression, reconnection).
Le bilan thermique des étangs : réflexion épistémologique et application aux étangs limousins
Authors: Touchart Laurent 
Published: May 2016

Le concept de bilan thermique d’un lac, créé au xix e siècle, a connu l’une des évolutions sémantiques les plus disparates de l’histoire de la limnologie. À travers de multiples significations dérivées, il est possible de déceler une propension récente à lui donner le sens de somme algébrique des flux énergétiques à l’interface entre l’eau et l’air. Ainsi, par un renversement de paradigme épistémologique, le bilan thermique n’est plus un but, mais un moyen, et la limnologie est dépossédée de son estimation, au profit de la climatologie. On discute ici l’intérêt d’un retour au sens initial de différence entre le nombre maximal et minimal de calories contenues dans le plan d’eau, favorisant une démarche géographique intégratrice et hydrosystémique. On propose aussi : (i) d’appliquer ce concept créé pour les lacs aux étangs, qui se distinguent par leur petite taille, leur stratification éphémère et leur capacité à déverser la totalité du volume calorifique dans le réseau hydrographique lors des vidanges ; (ii) d’étudier les variations calorifiques à toutes les échelles de temps, y compris instantanées ; (iii) de travailler à l’avenir à partir de plusieurs profils thermiques. Les premiers résultats, concernant quelques étangs limousins, montrent le bien-fondé du retour épistémologique. En effet, les fortes valeurs de fin d’été proviennent des rythmes de brassage par convection forcée, donc du fonctionnement limnologique, et non des flux énergétiques d’origine climatique.
Major problems encountered by the coconut growers who visit coconut technology park of coconut research institute of Sri Lanka
Authors: Herath C. S. , Chandrarathna J. P. T. R. , Abewickrama S. W. R. K. 
Published: May 2016

The study was carried out to identify and rank the main problems of the growers who visit Coconut Technology Park of the Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka. Two questionnaires were used to collect data. First questionnaire was to identify the growers main problems and the second was to assess the intensity of the identified problems. The survey was carried out during the months June to November 2011. For the data collection, 153 respondents who visited Coconut Technology Park were randomly selected. The severity of the problems was estimated by developing average problem score. The study reveals that growers’ were confronted with four critical problems. The most critical problem was lack of seedlings, followed by pest damage, farm gate nut price and access to technology. Amongst the identified problems, the “access to technology” has become a problem only to part-time growers, which implies that there is a necessacity of an extension approach that can cater to the part time growers who do not find sufficient time to spend on coconut cultivation. The cyber extension or internet based extension may be a future solution to cater the part-time growers. COCOS Vol. 20: 1-8 (2013)
A CMOS SiC Linear Voltage Regulator for High Temperature Applications
Authors: Murphree R.C. , Ahmed S. , Barlow M. , Rahman A. , Mantooth H.A. , Francis A. M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This paper establishes the first linear regulator in a 1.2 μm CMOS silicon carbide (SiC) process. The linear regulator presented consists of a SiC error amplifier and a pass transistor which has a W/L = 70,000 μm / 1.2 μm. The feedback loop is internal and the frequency compensation network is a combination of internal and external components. As a result of potential process variation in this emerging technology, the voltage reference used at the negative input terminal of the error amplifier has been made external. With an input voltage of 20 V to 30 V, the voltage regulator is able to provide a 15 V output and a continuous load current of 100 mA at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to over 400 °C. At a temperature of 400 °C, testing of the fabricated circuit has shown line regulation of less than 4 mV/V. Under the same test conditions, a load regulation of less than 420 mV/A is achieved.
High Temperature GaN Gate Driver in SOI CMOS Technology
Authors: Kappert Holger , Braun Sebastian , Kordas Norbert , Dreiner Stefan , Kokozinski Rainer 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Power electronics is a rapidly developing application area for high temperature electronics. Wide bandgap semiconductors have intrinsic advantages for high temperature operation due to the large bandgap in comparison to silicon based semiconductors. Especially GaN is a promising material for power semiconductors due to the possibility to process GaN on silicon carrier wafers, which results in lower device costs in comparison to SiC. In addition GaN provides higher switching frequencies and lower on-resistances of power devices. In combination these advantages enable the design of high performing, small size power modules operating at elevated temperatures. However, in order to exploit all benefits from GaN technology, new approaches in driver design are necessary. In this work a GaN specific gate driver supporting increased switching frequency, low driver output resistance, and GaN specific control voltages is presented. The driver has been implemented in a 0.35 micron thin film SOI-CMOS technology allowing high temperature operation up to 250 °C. The driver output characteristic is digitally adjustable with configuration data stored in an on-chip non-volatile memory based on EEPROM.
A High Performance Power Module with &gt;10kV capability to Characterize and Test In Situ SiC Devices at &gt;200°C Ambient
Authors: Zhao Xin , Ke Haotao , Jiang Yifan , Morgan Adam , Xu Yang , Hopkins Douglas C. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This paper presents design, fabrication and characterization details of a 10kV power module package for &gt;200°C ambient temperature applications. Electrical simulations were performed to confirm the module design, and that the electric field distribution throughout the module did not exceed dielectric capabilities of components and materials. A suitable copper etching process was demonstrated for DBC layout, and a high melting point Sn/Pb/Ag solder reflow process was developed for device and component attachment.
To monitor the operational temperature of the module, a thermistor was integrated onto the substrate. A new silicone gel, having a working temperature up to 210°C, was evaluated and selected for encapsulation and, of great importance, for passivation of high voltage (10kV) SiC dies. An additive manufacturing ‘Design Process’ was developed and applied to printing the housings, molds, and test fixtures. Also, cleaning processes were evaluated for every step in the fabrication process.
To verify performance of the modules, mechanical dies were mounted on the substrates, and a high temperature testing setup built to characterize the modules at high temperature. Measurements indicated that the module can operate up to 12kV within 25°C to 225°C, with less than 0.1 μA leakage current. The packaging was used for full-power characterization of developmental 10kV SiC diodes, and proved that the power module packaging satisfied all requirements for high voltage and high temperature applications. This work successfully validated the processes for creating high voltage (&gt;10 kV) and high temperature (&gt;200°C) power modules.
Towards Integrated Sensors for Environments with Temperatures up to 600 °C
Authors: Maralani Ayden , Beker Levent , Pisano Albert P. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The main objective is to develop sensing systems by integrating transducers such as pressure sensing elements with the interface circuitry in one package that can withstand harsh environments, particularly high temperatures up to 600 °C. To achieve that, both pressure transducer and interface circuitry are individually required to operate and survive up to 600 °C with acceptable degrees of reliability. This paper reports performance evaluation of fabricated 4H-SiC JFETs along with differential pairs for use in the interface circuitry. The test results are very promising and show stable performances from 25 °C up to 600 °C. Moreover, design, fabrication, and early test of a SiC based circular diaphragm type pressure transducer is also reported.
Co-fired Platinum High Temperature Sensor Element
Authors: Sugawara Tsutomu , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Ito Hiroki , Sato Shingo , Kokubu Masanari 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn recent years, initiatives for improving the fuel consumptions have been accelerated to reduce the CO2 emissions in exhaust gas from an automotive engine; as a measure against global warming. One of the known techniques to reduce CO2 emissions, is more accurate temperature measurement of the engine. For such application, sensors such as thermistors or thin-film platinum temperature sensors have been widely used for sensing exhaust gas temperature. Especially, the thin-film platinum temperature sensors were favorable because of its linearity in resistance to temperature dependensy and accuracy in temperature measurements. However, the deformation of a resistor circuit in thin-film platinum temperature sensor elements have been observed after used in high temperature. The deformation causes the resistance drifts which leads to less accurate temperature measurements. In this study, durability of the co-fired platinum temperature sensor element was examined for high temperature application. As of result, we found that the resistance drift of the co-fired platinum temperature sensor elements were smaller than that of the thin-film platinum temperature sensor elements; after storage test at 1100 °C. Thus, the co-fired platinum temperature sensor elements can be used for higher temperature sensing, which can contribute to the reduction of CO2 emission of automotive engines.
Cesarean section under combined spinal epidural in parturient with frontal glioma
Authors: VanDeCappelle Caitlin , Ma HK , Ho E 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOur patient presented to hospital in acute asthma exacerbation and foetal distress. Past history was remarkable for pregnancy at 35 weeks, morbid obesity, uncontrolled asthma, seizure disorder and known frontal glioma. Here we highlight the neuraxial management of this patient for cesarean section and discuss the central dogma of neuraxial technique in the face of known intracranial neoplasm.
Algorithm update of the GOSAT/TANSO-FTS thermal infrared CO2 product (version 1) and validation of the UTLS CO2 data using CONTRAIL measurements
Authors: Saitoh Naoko , Kimoto Shuhei , Sugimura Ryo , Imasu Ryoichi , Kawakami Shuji , Shiomi Kei , Kuze Akihiko , Machida Toshinobu , Sawa Yousuke , Matsueda Hidekazu 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The Thermal and Near Infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation (TANSO)–Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) on board the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) has been observing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in several atmospheric layers in the thermal infrared (TIR) band since its launch. This study compared TANSO-FTS TIR version 1 (V1) CO2 data and CO2 data obtained in the Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner (CONTRAIL) project in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), where the TIR band of TANSO-FTS is most sensitive to CO2 concentrations, to validate the quality of the TIR V1 UTLS CO2 data from 287 to 162 hPa. We first evaluated the impact of considering TIR CO2 averaging kernel functions on CO2 concentrations using CO2 profile data obtained by the CONTRAIL Continuous CO2 Measuring Equipment (CME), and found that the impact at around the CME level flight altitudes (∼ 11 km) was on average less than 0.5 ppm at low latitudes and less than 1 ppm at middle and high latitudes. From a comparison made during flights between Tokyo and Sydney, the averages of the TIR upper-atmospheric CO2 data were within 0.1 % of the averages of the CONTRAIL CME CO2 data with and without TIR CO2 averaging kernels for all seasons in the Southern Hemisphere. The results of comparisons for all of the eight airline routes showed that the agreements of TIR and CME CO2 data were worse in spring and summer than in fall and winter in the Northern Hemisphere in the upper troposphere. While the differences between TIR and CME CO2 data were on average within 1 ppm in fall and winter, TIR CO2 data had a negative bias up to 2.4 ppm against CME CO2 data with TIR CO2 averaging kernels at the northern low and middle latitudes in spring and summer. The negative bias at the northern middle latitudes resulted in the maximum of TIR CO2 concentrations being lower than that of CME CO2 concentrations, which led to an underestimate of the amplitude of CO2 seasonal variation.