bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INVERSE THEOLOGY: ADORNO, BENJAMIN, KAFKA
Authors: Truskolaski Sebastian 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe striking prevalence of theological motifs spanning Theodor W. Adorno's work has long been noted, from his repeated references to the Old Testament interdiction against making images of God to his evocative citations of a messianic light. This terminological peculiarity raises a difficult question: how are we to grasp the relation between Adorno's worldly critique of capitalist modernity and his use of religious terms? After all, Adorno explicitly echoes the verdicts of his intellectual forerunners, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Sigmund Freud, arguing that traditional theology is not restorable. Given the rejoinders that Adorno's phrasing has provoked from commentators such as Jacob Taubes and Giorgio Agamben, the present article proposes to re‐evaluate the significance of Adorno's terminology with respect to two authors who colour his understanding of religion and theology: Franz Kafka and Walter Benjamin. In doing so, I aim to investigate the sense in which Adorno is able to mobilise the modern dislocation of traditional theology for a critique of reality under the rule of a capitalist cult religion.Die auffällige Prävalenz von theologischen Motiven in Adornos Werk ist wohl bekannt: von seiner wiederholten Bezugnahme auf das alttestamentarische Bilderverbot bis hin zu seinen Anführungen eines messianischen Lichts. Diese terminologische Eigenart wirft eine schwierige Frage auf: Wie ist Adornos diesseitige Kritik der kapitalistischen Moderne mit seinem Rekurs auf religiöse Termini zu vereinbaren? Schließlich klingen bei Adorno die Urteile seiner intellektuellen Vorläufer, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche und Sigmund Freud nach, wenn er behauptet, traditionelle Theologie sei nicht wiederherstellbar. Mit Hinsicht auf die Ablehnung, welche Adornos Formulierungen bei Kritikern wie Jacob Taubes und Giorgio Agamben ausgelöst hat, setzt sich der Beitrag zum Ziel, Adornos Sprachgebrauch im Hinblick auf zwei Autoren umzuwerten, die maßgeblich sein Verständnis von Religion und Theologie prägten: Franz Kafka und Walter Benjamin. Dadurch zielt der Beitrag zuletzt darauf ab, festzustellen, auf welche Weise Adorno die moderne Entstellung traditioneller Theologie dazu nützt, um seine Kritik an der durch eine kapitalistische Kultreligion verzerrten Wirklichkeit zu formulieren.
GERMAN SILENT FILM AND THE ‘ZEITOPER’: THE CASE OF MAX BRAND'S MASCHINIST HOPKINS*
Authors: Monchick Alexandra 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTOften referenced but rarely performed, Maschinist Hopkins (1929) is one of the most prominent examples of film's influence on opera. Max Brand composed Maschinist Hopkins during the Weimar Republic, a fruitful period in both operatic and film history. By writing his own libretto, which was uncommon but not unprecedented in the post‐Wagnerian generation, Brand was able to carefully detail stage directions and set designs, akin to writing a screenplay. Contemporary film inspired the musical score, plot themes, staging, and sets of the opera, but one particular film, Fritz Lang's Metropolis, may have even served as the film model for Brand. Maschinist Hopkins is representative of a general trend during the Weimar Republic, when opera was becoming increasingly inspired by film.Max Brands Oper Maschinist Hopkins (1929), die heute zwar noch Erwähnung findet, aber nicht mehr aufgeführt wird, entstand zu einem für die Operngeschichte sehr fruchtbaren Zeitpunkt, als der Stummfilm der Weimarer Republik seinen künstlerischen Höhepunkt erreichte. Wie viele andere Komponisten der Zeit zeigte sich auch Brand als von den technischen und ästhetischen Möglichkeiten des neuen Mediums inspiriert. Da er das Libretto selbst verfasste – was in der Generation der nachwagnerischen Komponisten nicht unüblich war – konnte er die Bühnenanweisungen detailliert festlegen. Schon im Titel der Oper klingt der Einfluss von Fritz Langs Metropolis (1927) an, und es lässt sich zeigen, dass Musik, Handlung und Bühnenbilder deutliche Parallelen zu den Gestaltungsprinzipien des Films aufweisen, was die historische Bedeutung von Maschinist Hopkins als Denkmal der Zeit unterstreicht.
The effect of additives on release and in vitro skin retention of flavonoids from emulsion and gel semisolid formulations
Authors: Dyja R. , Jankowski A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of two different additives (propylene glycol (PG) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400)) on release and in vitro skin retention of quercetin and chrysin from semisolid bases (amphiphilic creams and acidic carbomer gels).MethodsFor obtaining semisolid formulations, flavonoids were pre‐dissolved in the liquid (PG or PEG 400) or directly suspended in the semisolid base. Three chrysin formulations (‘cream 0’, ‘PG‐cream’ and ‘PEG 400‐cream’) and five quercetin formulations (‘cream 0’, ‘PG cream’, ‘PEG 400 cream’, ‘gel 0’ and ‘PG gel’) were prepared. The release studies were carried out in Franz diffusion cells by means of a cellulose membrane. The porcine ear skin was used in in vitro skin retention studies.ResultsThe dissolution was a prerequisite to increase the release rates of tested flavonoids from obtained semisolid formulations. The cumulative amount of chrysin released after 6 h from ‘PEG 400 cream’ containing partly dissolved form of that flavonoid was higher than that from ‘cream 0’ or ‘PG cream’ containing its suspended form. The formulations containing quercetin dissolved in PG (‘PG cream’, ‘PG gel’) or PEG 400 (‘PEG 400 cream’) exhibited higher release rates of that flavonoid than corresponding semisolid suspensions (‘cream 0’ or ‘gel 0’). The effects of both liquid additives (PG and PEG 400) on the cumulative amount of quercetin released after 6 h were comparable. However, there was no correlation between the release rate and the skin retention. The amounts of the flavonoids found in the skin were strongly affected by the type of the used solvent. While PG increased the skin retention of both flavonoids, PEG 400 had no effect on chrysin skin retention and delayed quercetin skin absorption.ConclusionThe proper choice of the solvent added to the semisolid base is crucial for enhanced skin delivery of the tested flavonoids. PG is more efficient absorption promoter than PEG 400 of both chrysin and quercetin.
Applying queueing theory to the study of emergency department operations: a survey and a discussion of comparable simulation studies
Authors: Hu Xia , Barnes Sean , Golden Bruce 
Published: March 2017

AbstractQueueing models are important tools for the design and management of emergency departments (EDs). In this survey, we examine the contributions of queueing theory (QT) in modeling EDs and assess the strengths and limitations of this application. We include a direct comparison to discrete‐event simulation when applied to similar problems, and discuss data acquisition and challenges associated with each method. Specifically, we review applications of QT from the perspective of demand‐ and supply‐side problems, as well as various methodological innovations developed to address the complexities of ED operations. In reviewing relevant articles published since 1970, we found that queueing models tend to oversimplify operations and underestimate congestion levels (especially for smaller systems), and obtain less realistic results than comparable simulation models. The combination of queueing and simulation is shown to be a powerful approach. Future efforts should exploit this and more widely available real‐world data.
Role of microbial biofilms in the maintenance of oral health and in the development of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Consensus report of group 1 of the Joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal disease
Authors: Sanz Mariano , Beighton David , Curtis Michael A. , Cury Jaime A. , Dige Irene , Dommisch Henrik , Ellwood Roger , Giacaman Rodrigo A. , Herrera David , Herzberg Mark C. , Könönen Eija , Marsh Philip D. , Meyle Joerg , Mira Alex , Molina Ana , Mombelli Andrea , Quirynen Marc , Reynolds Eric C. , Shapira Lior , Zaura Egija 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsThe scope of this working group was to review (1) ecological interactions at the dental biofilm in health and disease, (2) the role of microbial communities in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and caries, and (3) the innate host response in caries and periodontal diseases.Results and ConclusionsA health‐associated biofilm includes genera such as Neisseria, Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Veillonella and Granulicatella. Microorganisms associated with both caries and periodontal diseases are metabolically highly specialized and organized as multispecies microbial biofilms. Progression of these diseases involves multiple microbial interactions driven by different stressors. In caries, the exposure of dental biofilms to dietary sugars and their fermentation to organic acids results in increasing proportions of acidogenic and aciduric species. In gingivitis, plaque accumulation at the gingival margin leads to inflammation and increasing proportions of proteolytic and often obligately anaerobic species. The natural mucosal barriers and saliva are the main innate defence mechanisms against soft tissue bacterial invasion. Similarly, enamel and dentin are important hard tissue barriers to the caries process. Given that the present state of knowledge suggests that the aetiologies of caries and periodontal diseases are mutually independent, the elements of innate immunity that appear to contribute to resistance to both are somewhat coincidental.
Do we underestimate influences of diabetic mononeuropathy or polyneuropathy on hand functional performance and life quality?
Authors: Yang Chien‐Ju , Hsu Hsiu‐Yun , Lu Chieh‐Hsiang , Chao Yen‐Li , Chiu Haw‐Yen , Kuo Li‐Chieh 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe purpose of the present study was to identify whether there are differences in hand dexterity, hand functional performance and quality of life between diabetes patients with mononeuropathy and polyneuropathy of their hands to further present the importance regarding the impacts of diabetic neuropathic deficits on patients’ functional capacity.Materials and MethodsThe neurological deficits of 127 patients with type 2 diabetes were examined by electrophysiological tests for the median and ulnar nerves, and were stratified into the diabetic mononeuropathy, diabetic polyneuropathy and non‐diabetic neuropathy groups by sensory amplitude of these nerves. The Purdue pegboard test, Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, and Diabetes‐39 were carried out to understand patients’ hand dexterity, functional hand performance and quality of life, respectively.ResultsThe results showed significant differences in all subtests of the Purdue pegboard test among the three groups. Furthermore, aesthetics, patient's satisfaction of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire and diabetes control, sexual functioning, energy, and mobility of the Diabetes‐39 also showed significant differences among the three groups.ConclusionsThe present study shows the patients with polyneuropathy suffer from more negative impacts on hand functional performance and quality of life than those with mononeuropathy and without neuropathy. These findings might assist both patients and clinicians in better realizing the impacts of neuropathic hands, and planning suitable strategies of intervention or health education to prevent declines in hand functions.
High risk of renal dysfunction in patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes
Authors: Takahashi Nobuyuki , Tsujimoto Tetsuro , Chujo Daisuke , Kajio Hiroshi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo compare the incidence rate of renal dysfunction between patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes and those with acute‐onset type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThe present retrospective cohort study included patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes and acute‐onset type 1 diabetes diagnosed during April 1993 to March 2016 at a national center in Japan. Glycated hemoglobin levels, incidence rates of renal dysfunction defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and microalbuminuria were examined.ResultsIn total, 115 patients with type 1 diabetes (10 with fulminant type 1 diabetes and 105 with acute‐onset type 1 diabetes) were included. The median glycated hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes than in those with acute‐onset type 1 diabetes 0, 3, 6 and 9 years after diabetes onset (6.5 vs 12.7%, 6.5 vs 7.9%, 6.7 vs 8.2%, 7.5 vs 8.5%, respectively). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significantly higher incidence rate of renal dysfunction in patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes than in those with acute‐onset type 1 diabetes (hazard ratio 1.72, 95% confidence interval 1.01–2.97, P = 0.037). The incidence rate of microalbuminuria did not significantly differ between the groups (hazard ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.34–2.77, P = 0.95). Sensitivity analysis using age‐ and sex‐matched patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes and acute‐onset type 1 diabetes yielded similar results.ConclusionsThe risk of developing renal dysfunction is higher in patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes than in those with acute‐onset type 1 diabetes, despite better glycemic control.
Rivalry information acquisition and disclosure
Authors: Li Xinyu , Peeters Ronald 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn the recent past, there have been numerous scandals around poor product qualities in various industries. Although it can be easily rationalized why bad practices have not been reported by the inflictors themselves, it is more difficult to understand why the non‐inflicting competitors did not report their rivals' acts. In this paper, we study these competitors' incentives to acquire and to disclose information on the quality of their rivals' products and question when we can leave the information disclosure process to the competitive pressure of markets and when there is a need for governmental intervention. We find that low quality levels can be disclosed in markets that exhibit negative spill‐over effects, but should not be expected to be disclosed in markets that exhibit a positive spill‐over effect. A regulatory policy on quality testing and disclosure may be more effective in the latter type of market.
Ancestry, Plasmodium cynomolgi prevalence and rhesus macaque admixture in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) bred for export in Chinese breeding farms
Authors: Zhang Xinjun , Meng Yuhuan , Houghton Paul , Liu Mingyu , Kanthaswamy Sreetharan , Oldt Robert , Ng Jillian , Trask Jessica Satkoski , Huang Ren , Singh Balbir , Du Hongli , Smith David Glenn 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundMost cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) used in the United States as animal models are imported from Chinese breeding farms without documented ancestry. Cynomolgus macaques with varying rhesus macaque ancestry proportions may exhibit differences, such as susceptibility to malaria, that affect their suitability as a research model.MethodsDNA of 400 cynomolgus macaques from 10 Chinese breeding farms was genotyped to characterize their regional origin and rhesus ancestry proportion. A nested PCR assay was used to detect Plasmodium cynomolgi infection in sampled individuals.ResultsAll populations exhibited high levels of genetic heterogeneity and low levels of inbreeding and genetic subdivision. Almost all individuals exhibited an Indochinese origin and a rhesus ancestry proportion of 5%‐48%. The incidence of P. cynomolgi infection in cynomolgus macaques is strongly associated with proportion of rhesus ancestry.ConclusionsThe varying amount of rhesus ancestry in cynomolgus macaques underscores the importance of monitoring their genetic similarity in malaria research.
Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the medicinal species of the genus Cordia (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Oza Manisha J , Kulkarni Yogesh A 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Cordia (family Boraginaceae) is a genus of deciduous flowering trees or shrubs comprising more than 300 species distributed widely in the tropical regions. The aim of this review was to provide exhaustive scientific information on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the 36 important species with medicinal value from the genus Cordia, to divulge prospects for further research on its therapeutic potential.

Key findings
Leaves, fruit, bark and seed of a majority of the species were found to possess abundant ethnomedicinal value, but leaves were found to be used most frequently to treat many ailments such as respiratory disorders, stomach pain, wound, inflammation, myalgia, cough, dysentery and diarrhoea. The phytochemical investigation of 36 species resulted in isolation of 293 chemical constituents from various chemical classes. The crude extracts, fractions, essential oils and pure compounds isolated from various Cordia species were reported to have a varied range of pharmacological activities.

Summary
Many of the traditional uses of the genus Cordia were supported by the results obtained from pharmacological studies performed using various extracts or pure compounds. More attention should be given to the biological evaluation using pure phytochemicals and to identify the mechanism of actions and exploring this genus for new drug discovery.
The transcriptome of the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium ashfordi displays host‐specific gene expression
Authors: Videvall Elin , Cornwallis Charlie K. , Ahrén Dag , Palinauskas Vaidas , Valkiūnas Gediminas , Hellgren Olof 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMalaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.) include some of the world's most widespread and virulent pathogens. Our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms these parasites use to invade and exploit their hosts other than in mice and primates is, however, extremely limited. It is therefore imperative to characterize transcriptome‐wide gene expression from nonmodel malaria parasites and how this varies across individual hosts. Here, we used high‐throughput Illumina RNA sequencing on blood from wild‐caught Eurasian siskins experimentally infected with a clonal strain of the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium ashfordi (lineage GRW2). Using a bioinformatic multistep approach to filter out host transcripts, we successfully assembled the blood‐stage transcriptome of P. ashfordi. A total of 11 954 expressed transcripts were identified, and 7860 were annotated with protein information. We quantified gene expression levels of all parasite transcripts across three hosts during two infection stages – peak and decreasing parasitemia. Interestingly, parasites from the same host displayed remarkably similar expression profiles during different infection stages, but showed large differences across hosts, indicating that P. ashfordi may adjust its gene expression to specific host individuals. We further show that the majority of transcripts are most similar to the human parasite Plasmodium falciparum, and a large number of red blood cell invasion genes were discovered, suggesting evolutionary conserved invasion strategies between mammalian and avian Plasmodium. The transcriptome of P. ashfordi and its host‐specific gene expression advances our understanding of Plasmodium plasticity and is a valuable resource as it allows for further studies analysing gene evolution and comparisons of parasite gene expression.
Museums of Europe: Tangles of Memory, Borders, and Race
Authors: De Cesari Chiara 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this article I investigate the making of two new museums of Europe—Marseille's Museum of the Civilizations of Europe and the Mediterranean and Berlin's Museum of European Cultures—by focusing on the kinds of “Europe” envisioned in their exhibitions. I argue that museums represent an important site where the geopolitical imaginary of a bounded, culturalized Europe is produced, even if by default. I explore how these older national folklore collections were strategically rebranded as museums of Europe to give a second life to their nearly obsolete displays. National projects and geopolitics play a key role in such memorial Europeanization. These insights challenge taken‐for‐granted understandings of scale in memory studies and offer a more nuanced understanding of how Europeanization is playing out within cultural institutions. Amid multiple European crises, “Europe” is increasingly imagined as a diverse but essentially united cultural space—however fuzzy and contested its cultural content may be—while this spatial imaginary is racialized in subtle ways.
The Limits of Recognition: The Spirit Sings, Canadian Museums and the Colonial Politics of Recognition
Authors: Wrightson Kelsey R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article critiques the settler colonial politics of recognition in relation to Canadian museological practice. Despite a strong intellectual legacy critiquing asymmetric power relations and the problems of representing “otherness,” there have been few sustained examinations of the ways in which museums are implicated in settler colonial regimes of power. Dene scholar Glen Coulthard has written extensively on the manner in which the “politics of recognition” perpetuates settler colonialism in Canada. I argue that the normative shifts in Canadian museum practice post‐1988 exemplify institutionalized shifts toward the colonial politics of recognition within Canadian museums. Further, I find that this is part of ongoing settler colonial practices of domination. I argue that current museological practice, particularly as it relates to Indigenous pieces within museums, must include a critique of the settler colonial politics of recognition as part of both critical analysis and normative orientation.
Partisan politics, welfare states, and environmental policy outputs in the OECD countries, 1975–2005
Authors: Lim Sijeong , Duit Andreas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBuilding on the burgeoning literature on the association between the welfare state and the environmental state, this study empirically examines how the politics of the former has affected the development of the latter. We suggest that the size of the welfare state shapes the calculus of environmental policy costs by partisan governments. A generous welfare state lowers the costs perceived by the left‐wing government, as large redistributive spending allows the government to mitigate the adverse impact of the new environmental policy on its core supporters, industrial workers. A generous welfare state also implies diminished marginal political returns from additional welfare commitment by the left‐wing government, which lowers the opportunity costs of environmental policy expansion. To the contrary, because of lower overall regulatory and taxation pressure, a small welfare state reduces the costs of environmental policy expansion as perceived by a right‐wing government. Our theoretical narrative is supported in a dynamic panel data analysis of environmental policy outputs in 25 Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development member states during the period 1975–2005.
Experiences and impact of mistreatment and obstetric violence on women during childbearing: a systematic review protocol
Authors: McGarry Julie , Hinsliff-Smith Kathryn , Watts Kim , McCloskey Paula , Evans Catrin 
Published: March 2017

Review question/objective:
The aim of this review is to synthesize the best available evidence on the experiences of mistreatment and/or obstetric violence in women. Specifically, the objective is to explore, from a woman's point of view, the impacts and consequences of mistreatment and/or obstetric violence during childbearing. The review question is: “What are the experiences and impact of mistreatment and obstetric violence on women during the active period of childbearing?”