bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitating the effect of prosthesis design on femoral remodeling using high‐resolution region‐free densitometric analysis (DXA‐RFA)
Authors: Farzi Mohsen , Morris Richard M. , Penny Jeannette , Yang Lang , Pozo Jose M. , Overgaard Søren , Frangi Alejandro F. , Wilkinson Jeremy Mark 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTDual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the reference standard method used to study bone mineral density (BMD) after total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, the subtle, spatially complex changes in bone mass due to strain‐adaptive bone remodeling relevant to different prosthesis designs are not readily resolved using conventional DXA analysis. DXA region free analysis (DXA RFA) is a novel computational image analysis technique that provides a high‐resolution quantitation of periprosthetic BMD. Here, we applied the technique to quantitate the magnitude and areal size of periprosthetic BMD changes using scans acquired during two previous randomized clinical trials (2004 to 2009); one comparing three cemented prosthesis design geometries, and the other comparing a hip resurfacing versus a conventional cementless prosthesis. DXA RFA resolved subtle differences in magnitude and area of bone remodeling between prosthesis designs not previously identified in conventional DXA analyses. A mean bone loss of 10.3%, 12.1%, and 11.1% occurred for the three cemented prostheses within a bone area fraction of 14.8%, 14.4%, and 6.2%, mostly within the lesser trochanter (p < 0.001). For the cementless prosthesis, a diffuse pattern of bone loss (−14.3%) was observed at the shaft of femur in a small area fraction of 0.6% versus no significant bone loss for the hip resurfacing prosthesis (p < 0.001). BMD increases were observed consistently at the greater trochanter for all prostheses except the hip‐resurfacing prosthesis, where BMD increase was widespread across the metaphysis (p < 0.001). DXA RFA provides high‐resolution insights into the effect of prosthesis design on the local strain environment in bone. © 2017 The AuthorsJournal of Orthopaedic Researchpublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 35:2203–2210, 2017.
Improving bald eagle nest monitoring with a second spring survey
Authors: Wilson Tammy L. , Phillips Laura M. , Mangipane Buck A. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTFailure to account for observation error can cause bias in estimators of variables important for wildlife management and conservation, such as abundance, occupancy, and species composition. Therefore, long‐term monitoring programs need to evaluate sources of bias to ensure that objectives of the program can be met. Although trend estimation is possible using biased estimators, population status, and management decisions can be sensitive to random and systematic heterogeneity in the observation process. For example, standard methods used to monitor reproductive attempts at bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nests fail to quantify observation error. We used bald eagle nest surveys from 3 national parks in Alaska, USA, to examine their ability to accurately estimate nesting attempts and hypothesized that our ability to perfectly observe nesting activity was related to the timing of the survey relative to peak nest attendance by eagles. We therefore, developed 3 scenarios that evaluated our ability to correctly identify nesting status metrics: peak nesting remained unchanged (observed variation scenario), reduced ability to predict peak nest attendance (high heterogeneity scenario), and peak nest attendance occurred earlier than the survey window (low detection scenario). Eagle nest attendance was consistently underestimated using naïve estimators, but productivity (predicted no. chicks/nesting attempt) was not affected by imperfect detection. All scenarios showed that using replicate observations to model imperfect detection corrected estimator bias for nest attendance and improved the estimator precision for both metrics. Our study demonstrates that imperfect observation of bald eagle nesting activity using standard methods results in estimator bias and reduced precision if not corrected. Further, our simulations show that changes in observation conditions can affect estimator bias and precision, which is an important consideration for long‐term monitoring programs. Therefore, formally modeling imperfect detection should be completed for monitoring programs designed to use nesting status to inform management or conservation decisions. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Golden‐ratio rotated stack‐of‐stars acquisition for improved volumetric MRI
Authors: Zhou Ziwu , Han Fei , Yan Lirong , Wang Danny J.J. , Hu Peng 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo develop and evaluate an improved stack‐of‐stars radial sampling strategy for reducing streaking artifacts.MethodsThe conventional stack‐of‐stars sampling strategy collects the same radial angle for every partition (slice) encoding. In an undersampled acquisition, such an aligned acquisition generates coherent aliasing patterns and introduces strong streaking artifacts. We show that by rotating the radial spokes in a golden‐angle manner along the partition‐encoding direction, the aliasing pattern is modified, resulting in improved image quality for gridding and more advanced reconstruction methods. Computer simulations were performed and phantom as well as in vivo images for three different applications were acquired.ResultsSimulation, phantom, and in vivo experiments confirmed that the proposed method was able to generate images with less streaking artifact and sharper structures based on undersampled acquisitions in comparison with the conventional aligned approach at the same acceleration factors. By combining parallel imaging and compressed sensing in the reconstruction, streaking artifacts were mostly removed with improved delineation of fine structures using the proposed strategy.ConclusionsWe present a simple method to reduce streaking artifacts and improve image quality in 3D stack‐of‐stars acquisitions by re‐arranging the radial spoke angles in the 3D partition direction, which can be used for rapid volumetric imaging. Magn Reson Med 78:2290–2298, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Outpatient biofeedback in addition to home pelvic floor muscle training for stress urinary incontinence: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fitz Fátima Faní , Stüpp Liliana , da Costa Thaís Fonseca , Bortolini Maria Augusta Tezelli , Girão Manoel João Batista Castello , Castro Rodrigo Aquino 
Published: February 2017

AIMSTo test if biofeedback (BF) added to pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) increases the frequency of home exercises performed by women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).METHODS72 incontinent women were randomized to BF (outpatient BF + home PFMT) or PFMT (outpatient PFMT + home PFMT) groups. Assessments: baseline, after 3 months of supervised treatment, at 9‐month follow‐up (after six additional months of home PFMT only). Primary outcome: frequency of monthly exercises sets performed (exercise diary) after 3‐month treatment. Secondary outcomes: adherence, urinary symptoms, severity and cure of SUI (pad test <2 g leakage), muscle function, quality of life, and subject cure (satisfaction report with no desire for different treatment) at the two time‐points. Statistical analyses: ANOVA and Student's t‐test with 5% cut‐off for significance.RESULTSIt was observed similar frequency of monthly home exercises sets performed by BF (67.9 out of 82) and PFMT (68.2 out of 82) groups at 3 months. Secondarily, equal satisfaction, but superior objective cure of SUI for BF group after 3‐month treatment (P = 0.018; OR: 3.15 [95% CI: 1.20‐8.25]). At 9‐month follow‐up, the adherence to home exercises was similar (around 50%) and significantly dropped in both groups compared to the 3‐month results (around 85%). No difference was detected in the objective and subjective cure of SUI between the groups after 9 months. Both therapies similarly improved the muscle function and quality of life during the study (P < 0.005).CONCLUSIONSAdjunct BF did not increase the frequency of home exercises performed by SUI patients.
Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome carrier frequency and estimates of in utero mortality rates
Authors: Lazarin Gabriel A. , Haque Imran S. , Evans Eric A. , Goldberg James D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo tabulate individual allele frequencies and total carrier frequency for Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLOS) and compare expected versus observed birth incidences.MethodsA total of 262 399 individuals with no known indication or increased probability of SLOS carrier status, primarily US based, were screened for SLOS mutations as part of an expanded carrier screening panel. Results were retrospectively analyzed to estimate carrier frequencies in multiple ethnic groups. SLOS birth incidences obtained from existing literature were then compared with these data to estimate the effect of SLOS on fetal survival.ResultsSmith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome carrier frequency is highest in Ashkenazi Jews (1 in 43) and Northern Europeans (1 in 54). Comparing predicted birth incidence with that observed in published literature suggests that approximately 42% to 88% of affected conceptuses experience prenatal demise.ConclusionSmith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome is relatively frequent in certain populations and, because of its impact on prenatal and postnatal morbidity and mortality, merits consideration for routine screening. © 2017 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palbociclib can overcome mutations in cyclin dependent kinase 6 that break hydrogen bonds between the drug and the protein
Authors: Hernandez Maganhi Stella , Jensen Patrizia , Caracelli Ignez , Zukerman Schpector Julio , Fröhling Stefan , Friedman Ran 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInhibition of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) 4 and 6 prevent cells from entering the synthesis phase of the cell cycle. CDK4 and 6 are therefore important drug targets in various cancers. The selective CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib is approved for the treatment of breast cancer and has shown activity in a cellular model of mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL)‐rearranged acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We studied the interactions of palbociclib and CDK6 using molecular dynamics simulations. Analysis of the simulations suggested several interactions that stabilized the drug in its binding site and that were not observed in the crystal structure of the protein‐drug complex. These included a hydrogen bond to His 100 that was hitherto not reported and several hydrophobic contacts. Evolutionary‐based bioinformatic analysis was used to suggest two mutants, D163G and H100L that would potentially yield drug resistance, as they lead to loss of important protein–drug interactions without hindering the viability of the protein. One of the mutants involved a change in the glycine of the well‐conserved DFG motif of the kinase. Interestingly, CDK6‐dependent human AML cells stably expressing either mutant retained sensitivity to palbociclib, indicating that the protein‐drug interactions are not affected by these. Furthermore, the cells were proliferative in the absence of palbociclib, indicating that the Asp to Gly mutation in the DFG motif did not interfere with the catalytic activity of the protein.
Regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetic engineering on the production of acetate esters and higher alcohols during Chinese Baijiu fermentation
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Jian-Hui , Zhang Cui-Ying , Ma Hong-Xia , Xiao Dong-Guang 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Acetate esters and higher alcohols greatly influence the quality and flavor profiles of Chinese Baijiu (Chinese liquor). Various mutants have been constructed to investigate the interactions of ATF1 overexpression, IAH1 deletion, and BAT2 deletion on the production of acetate esters and higher alcohols. The results showed that the overexpression of ATF1 under the control of the PGK1 promoter with BAT2 and IAH1 double-gene deletion led to a higher production of acetate esters and a lower production of higher alcohols than the overexpression of ATF1 with IAH1 deletion or overexpression of ATF1 with BAT2 deletion. Moreover, deletion of IAH1 in ATF1 overexpression strains effectively increased the production of isobutyl acetate and isoamyl acetate by reducing the hydrolysis of acetate esters. The decline in the production of higher alcohol by the ATF1 overexpression strains with BAT2 deletion is due to the interaction of ATF1 overexpression and BAT2 deletion. Mutants with varying abilities of producing acetate esters and higher alcohols were developed by genetic engineering. These strains have great potential for industrial application.
Transcriptome Analysis of Monozygotic Twin Brothers with Childhood Primary Myelofibrosis
Authors: Ding Nan , Zhang Zhaojun , Yang Wenyu , Ren Lan , Zhang Yingchi , Zhang Jingliao , Li Zhanqi , Zhang Peihong , Zhu Xiaofan , Chen Xiaojuan , Fang Xiangdong 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder in human bone marrow. Over 50% of patients with myelofibrosis have mutations in JAK2, MPL, or CALR. However, these mutations are rarely detected in children, suggesting a difference in the pathogenesis of childhood PMF. In this study, we investigated the response to drug treatment of a monozygotic twin pair with typical childhood PMF. The twin exhibited different clinical outcomes despite following the same treatment regimen. The transcriptomic profiles of patient samples after drug treatment (E2 and Y2) were significantly different between the twin pair, which is consistent with the observation that the drug treatment was effective only in the younger brother, despite the twin being genetically identical. Bioinformatics analysis of the drug-responsive genes showed that the JAK-STAT pathway was activated in the cured younger brother, which is opposite to the pathway inhibition observed in adult PMF cases following treatment. Moreover, apoptosis and cell cycle processes were both significantly influenced by drug treatment in the sample of younger brother (Y2), implying their potential association with the pathogenesis of childhood PMF. Gene mutations in JAK2, MPL, or CALR were not observed; however, mutations in genes including SRSF2 and SF3B1 occurred in this twin pair with childhood PMF. Gene fusion events were extensively screened in the twin pair samples and the occurrence of IGLV2-14-IGLL5 gene fusion was confirmed. The current study reported at transcriptomic level the different responses of monozygotic twin brothers with childhood PMF to the same androgen/prednisone treatment regimen providing new insights into the potential pathogenesis of childhood PMF for further research and clinical applications.
Informed consent for next-generation nucleotide sequencing studies: Aiding communication between participants and investigators
Authors: Kost Rhonda G. , Poppel Stephen M. , Coller Barry S. 
Published: February 2017

IntroductionObtaining informed consent from prospective participants for research studies that include next-generation nucleotide sequencing (NGS) presents significant challenges because of the need to explain all the potential implications of participating, including the possible return of “incidental” findings, in easy-to-understand language.Methods and ResultsAfter reviewing the consent processes at other institutions, we decided to supplement the protocol-specific informed consent form with the following: (1) a short pamphlet for the prospective participant that includes a series of questions that she or he is encouraged to ask the investigator, and (2) a more detailed companion guide for investigators to help them develop simple-language answers to the questions. Both documents are available to use or modify.ConclusionsWe propose an approach to obtaining informed consent for NGS studies that encourages discussion of key issues without creating a complex, comprehensive document for participants; it also maximizes investigator flexibility. We also suggest mechanisms to return restricted information to participants.
The Shield Motif in Plains Rock Art
Authors: Gebhard David 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe representation in the prehistoric and the early historic art of North America of circular shields or human figures whose torsos are depicted in the form of a shield provide a revealing indication of how widespread and complex was the diffusion of objects, ideas, and forms on the continent. Drawings of the shields and of shield figures are found in rock paintings and engravings, on paintings and skins, and on incised bark scattered throughout the continent. The origin of the motif is still in question, although present evidence would seem to point to central Mexico. The earliest examples north of the Rio Grande would appear to be in the rock paintings of the lower Pecos area of Texas. It next appears as an important form in the rock art of Utah which has been attributed to the Fremont Culture. From this latter area in late Prehistoric times, it apparently spread to the northern Plains, and thence into the central and southern Plains where it briefly became an element in the rock art and the mural paintings of the late Pueblo cultures. During this late period it also entered into the art of the region east of the Mississippi and into the rock art of the far western part of the continent.
Early hunter-gatherers in the Americas: perspectives from central Brazil
Authors: Kipnis Renato 
Published: February 2017

There is a preconception among American archaeologists that the late Pleistocene (c. 12,000-10,000 hap.) and early Holocene human occupation of the Americas would have had highly formalized and diagnostic technologies (Bryan 1986), as seen in bifacial fluted projectiles (Clovis and/or Folsom points) or Palaeoarctic microblades. This bias carries with it two presumptions which have no reason to exist:• Clovis and related industries had to be diffused throughout the Americas; and• there should be a ‘big-game hunting’ horizon in South America.
Modular forms of degree n and representation by quadratic forms IV
Authors: Kitaoka Yoshiyuki 
Published: February 2017

Let M be a quadratic lattice with positive definite quadratic form over the ring of rational integers, M’ a submodule of finite index, S a finite set of primes containing all prime divisors of 2[M: M’] and such that Mp is unimodular for p ∉ S. In [2] we showed that there is a constant c such that for every lattice N with positive definite quadratic form and every collection (fp)p∊s of isometries fp: NP → MP there is an isometry f: N → M satisfyingf ≡ fp mod M′p for every p |[M: M],f(Np) is private in Mp for every p ∉ S,provided the minimum of N ≥ c and rank M ≥ 3 rank N + 3.
Russian Statecraft after the “Imperial Turn”: The Urge to Colonize?
Authors: McDonald David MacLaren 
Published: February 2017

Willard Sunderland and Peter Holquist find in the same cohort of imperial officials—the “technocrats” in the Resettlement Administration—a key moment in the history of Russian statecraft (gosudarstvennost’), linked in turn to the Russian state's career as a “modern colonial empire.” Thus, each historian seeks to ensconce within a larger institutional historical framework the burgeoning discussion occasioned over the last two decades by the “imperial turn” in Russian and European historiographies.However, each article situates the resettlement administration in very different developmental narratives, reaching equally distinctive conclusions. guided by the foucauldian notion of “governmentality” and james scott's insights on statecraft, sunderland presents the resettlement administration as a proto-ministry of asiatic russia, whose “experts“ would impose in asiatic russia the institutionalization of “difference“ between metropolis and periphery—defined and explained by the new hilfsiuissenschaften—that european empire-builders had applied in civilizing their own overseas colonies.
A systematic review of early modelling studies of Ebola virus disease in West Africa
Authors: WONG Z. S. Y. , BUI C. M. , CHUGHTAI A. A. , MACINTYRE C. R. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYPhenomenological and mechanistic models are widely used to assist resource planning for pandemics and emerging infections. We conducted a systematic review, to compare methods and outputs of published phenomenological and mechanistic modelling studies pertaining to the 2013–2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemics in four West African countries – Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea and Nigeria. We searched Pubmed, Embase and Scopus databases for relevant English language publications up to December 2015. Of the 874 articles identified, 41 met our inclusion criteria. We evaluated these selected studies based on: the sources of the case data used, and modelling approaches, compartments used, population mixing assumptions, model fitting and calibration approaches, sensitivity analysis used and data bias considerations. We synthesised results of the estimated epidemiological parameters: basic reproductive number (R0), serial interval, latent period, infectious period and case fatality rate, and examined their relationships. The median of the estimated mean R0 values were between 1·30 and 1·84 in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. Much higher R0 value of 9·01 was described for Nigeria. We investigated several issues with uncertainty around EVD modes of transmission, and unknown observation biases from early reported case data. We found that epidemic models offered R0 mean estimates which are country-specific, but these estimates are not associating with the use of several key disease parameters within the plausible ranges. We find simple models generally yielded similar estimates of R0 compared with more complex models. Models that accounted for data uncertainty issues have offered a higher case forecast compared with actual case observation. Simple model which offers transparency to public health policy makers could play a critical role for advising rapid policy decisions under an epidemic emergency.
Strontium Isotope Evidence for Prehistoric Migration at Chokepukio, Valley of Cuzco, Peru
Authors: Andrushko Valerie A. , Buzon Michele R. , Simonetti Antonio , Creaser Robert A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlthough Spanish chroniclers referred frequently to coerced migration in the Inca Empire, these migrations have been difficult to document archaeologically. One approach to migration studies, strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) analysis, has emerged as an effective technique. Until now, however, this method has not been applied to the Inca heartland region of Cuzco, Peru. In this study, we use strontium isotope analysis to examine patterns of prehistoric migration in the Cuzco Valley. Human dental enamel samples from the Cuzco Valley site of Chokepukio are analyzed and compared to the local87Sr/86Sr signature established through faunal specimens. Though tentative due to a small sample size, the isotope results do not provide evidence for migration at this site from the time periods preceding the rise of the Inca Empire (200 B.C. to A.D. 1400). In contrast, there is substantial evidence for migration during the time of Inca imperialism (A.D. 1400–1532). Among these migrants, variation in 87Sr/86Sr values suggests that individuals emigrated from geologically diverse locations, while sex differences in the migrant group include a higher percentage of females and a greater diversity in female87Sr/86Sr values. These data, along with ethnohistoric evidence, reveal how Inca labor policies reconfigured the composition of populations in the imperial heartland.