bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of antimicrobial stewardship programme on hospitalized patients at the intensive care unit: a prospective audit and feedback study
Authors: Khdour Maher R. , Hallak Hussein O. , Aldeyab Mamoon A. , Nasif Mowaffaq A. , Khalili Aliaa M. , Dallashi Ahamad A. , Khofash Mohammad B. , Scott Michael G. 
Published: December 2017

AimsInappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the most important factors contributing to the emergence of drug resistant pathogens. The purpose of this study was to measure the clinical impact of antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) interventions on hospitalized patients at the Intensive care unit at Palestinian Medical Complex.MethodsA prospective audit with intervention and feedback by ASP team within 48–72 h of antibiotic administration began in September 2015. Four months of pre‐ASP data were compared with 4 months of post‐ASP data. Data collected included clinical and demographic data; use of antimicrobials measured by defined daily doses, duration of therapy, length of stay, readmission and all‐cause mortality.ResultsOverall, 176 interventions were made the ASP team with an average acceptance rate of 78.4%. The most accepted interventions were dose optimization (87.0%) followed by de‐escalation based on culture results with an acceptance rate of 84.4%. ASP interventions significantly reduces antimicrobial use by 24.3% (87.3 defined daily doses/100 beds vs. 66.1 defined daily doses/100 beds P < 0.001). The median (interquartile range) of length of stay was significantly reduced post ASP [11 (3–21) vs. 7 (4–19) days; P < 0.01]. Also, the median (interquartile range) of duration of therapy was significantly reduced post‐ASP [8 (5–12) days vs. 5 (3–9); P = 0.01]. There was no significant difference in overall 30‐day mortality or readmission between the pre‐ASP and post‐ASP groups (26.9% vs. 23.9%; P = 0.1) and (26.1% vs. 24.6%; P = 0.54) respectively.ConclusionsOur prospective audit and feedback programme was associated with positive impact on antimicrobial use, duration of therapy and length of stay.
Reluctance to express emotion explains relation between cognitive distortions and social competence in anxious children
Authors: Scott Brandon G. , Pina Armando A. , Parker Julia H. 
Published: December 2017

Guided by social information processing and affective social competence models, the focal objective of this research was to examine the relations among anxious children's cognitive distortions, social skill competence, and reluctance to express emotion. In addition, we explored whether children's attention control played any meaningful role. Using a sample of 111 anxious children (Mage = 9.63, SD = 0.73; 75.7% girls; 56% Hispanic/Latino), we found that cognitive distortions were negatively related to social competence. In addition, tests of moderated mediation showed that the negative association between cognitive distortions and social skill competence was indirect via reluctance to express emotion, but this only was the case for anxious children with high attention control and for distortions in the academic domain. The findings of this study may set the stage for new ways to conceptualize the role of higher attention control among anxious youth.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Cognitive errors are prevalent in anxious youth

Anxious children show socio‐emotion deficits

What does this study add?

Cognitive errors are related to socio‐emotion deficits in anxious youth

Relations depend on attention control
Embryonic exposure to valproic acid affects the histaminergic system and the social behaviour of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Baronio Diego , Puttonen Henri A J , Sundvik Maria , Semenova Svetlana , Lehtonen Essi , Panula Pertti 
Published: December 2017

Background and PurposeHistamine modulates several behaviours and physiological functions, and its deficiency is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Gestational intake of valproic acid (VPA) is linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by impaired sociability and stereotypies. VPA effects on the neurochemistry and functional morphology of the histaminergic system in ASD are unclear. Zebrafish are highly social, and given the similarities between zebrafish and human neurotransmitter systems, we have studied the effects of VPA on histamine in zebrafish.Experimental ApproachHistaminergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems of larval and adult zebrafish exposed to VPA from the end of gastrulation until neural tube formation were studied using HPLC, quantitative PCR, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Sociability, dark‐flash response and locomotion were also studied.Key ResultsZebrafish larvae exposed to VPA showed decreased locomotion and an abnormal dark‐flash response. Additionally, a reduced number of histaminergic neurons, low histamine and altered mRNA expression of key genes of the monoaminergic systems were also detected. The reduced mRNA expression of genes of the studied systems persisted until adulthood. Furthermore, adult VPA‐exposed animals presented lower brain levels of noradrenaline and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, along with impaired sociability.Conclusions and ImplicationsVPA exposure in early development causes molecular and neurochemical alterations in zebrafish, which persist into adulthood and accompany impaired sociability. These findings will highlight the possible involvement of the histaminergic system in outcomes related to neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, it supports zebrafish as a tool to investigate mechanisms underlying these disorders.
The sedimentary and remote‐sensing reflection of biomass burning in Europe
Authors: Adolf Carole , Wunderle Stefan , Colombaroli Daniele , Weber Helga , Gobet Erika , Heiri Oliver , van Leeuwen Jacqueline F. N. , Bigler Christian , Connor Simon E. , Gałka Mariusz , La Mantia Tommaso , Makhortykh Sergey , Svitavská‐Svobodová Helena , Vannière Boris , Tinner Willy 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimWe provide the first European‐scale geospatial training set relating the charcoal signal in surface lake sediments to fire parameters (number, intensity and area) recorded by satellite moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors. Our calibration is intended for quantitative reconstructions of key fire‐regime parameters by using sediment sequences of microscopic (MIC from pollen slides, particles 10–500 µm) and macroscopic charcoal (MAC from sieves, particles > 100 µm).LocationNorth–south and east–west transects across Europe, covering the mediterranean, temperate, alpine, boreal and steppe biomes.Time periodLake sediments and MODIS active fire and burned area products were collected for the years 2012–2015.MethodsCylinder sediment traps were installed in lakes to annually collect charcoal particles in sediments. We quantitatively assessed the relationships between MIC and MAC influx (particles/cm2/year) and the MODIS‐derived products to identify source areas of charcoal and the extent to which lake‐sediment charcoal is linked to fire parameters across the continent.ResultsSource area of sedimentary charcoal was estimated to a 40‐km radius around sites for both MIC and MAC particles. Fires occurred in grasslands and in forests, with grass morphotypes of MAC accurately reflecting the burned fuel‐type. Despite the lack of local fires around the sites, MAC influx levels reached those reported for local fires. Both MIC and MAC showed strong and highly significant relationships with the MODIS‐derived fire parameters, as well as with climatic variation along a latitudinal temperature gradient.Main conclusionsMIC and MAC are suited to quantitatively reconstructing fire number and fire intensity on a regional scale. However, burned area may only be estimated using MAC. Local fires may be identified by using several lines of evidence, e.g. analysis of large particles (> 600 µm), magnetic susceptibility and sedimentological data. Our results offer new insights and applications to quantitatively reconstruct fires and to interpret available sedimentary charcoal records.
Reduced therapeutic effect of antiviral drugs in patients with hepatitis B virus reactivation after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kimura Masamichi , Nishikawa Koji , Sakamaki Hisashi , Mizokami Masashi , Kimura Kiminori 
Published: December 2017

AimPatients with resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are potentially at high risk of HBV reactivation. Although antiviral drug therapy is recommended when HBV DNA reappears in the serum, drug efficacy after HBV reactivation remains unclear.MethodsHost immune response against HBV was investigated by immunological analyses at 12 months after entecavir (ETV) treatment in six HSCT‐treated and five non‐HSCT‐treated patients with HBV reactivation, and 18 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Peripheral HBV‐specific CD8+ T cells were analyzed for total numbers by flow cytometry and tetramer staining, as was intracellular γ‐interferon (IFN‐γ) production and CD107a expression in response to HBV peptides. Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10)‐expressing CD19+ B‐cell count and serum inflammatory cytokine levels were also analyzed.ResultsSerum HBV DNA was detectable in HSCT‐treated patients with HBV reactivation at 12 months compared with other groups, indicating insufficient ETV efficacy against HBV. The HBV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell counts in HSCT‐treated patients with HBV reactivation were significantly lower compared with those in non‐HSCT patients. Additionally, IFN‐γ production and CD107a expression by CD8+ T cells after incubation with HBV peptides was significantly reduced in HSCT‐treated compared with CHB patients at 12 months after ETV treatment. Conversely, HSCT‐treated patient serum IL‐10 levels were significantly elevated compared with those in non‐HSCT patients. Finally, IL‐10‐producing CD19+ B‐cell counts were increased in HSCT‐treated compared with CHB patients.ConclusionAfter HBV reactivation, ETV efficacy was impaired in HSCT‐treated patients as evidenced by low HBV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell counts and high B‐cell IL‐10 production.
Pharmacist‐physician collaborative care model and time to goal blood pressure in the uninsured population
Authors: Dixon Dave L. , Sisson Evan M. , Parod Eric D. , Van Tassell Benjamin W. , Nadpara Pramit A. , Carl Daniel , W. Dow Alan 
Published: December 2017

Pharmacist‐physician collaborative practice models (PPCPMs) improve blood pressure (BP) control, but their effect on time to goal BP is unknown. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the impact of a PPCPM on time to goal BP compared with usual care using data from existing medical records in uninsured patients with hypertension. The primary outcome was time from the initial visit to the first follow‐up visit with a BP <140/90 mm Hg. The study included 377 patients (259 = PPCPM; 118 = usual care). Median time to BP goal was 36 days vs 259 days in the PPCPM and usual care cohorts, respectively (P < .001). At 12 months, BP control was 81% and 44% in the PPCPM and usual care cohorts, respectively (P < .001) and therapeutic inertia was lower in the PPCPM cohort (27.6%) compared with usual care (43.7%) (P < .0001). Collaborative models involving pharmacists should be considered to improve BP control in high‐risk populations.
Exploring the Benefits of Affectionate Communication: Implications for Interpersonal Acceptance–Rejection Theory
Authors: Denes Amanda , Bennett Margaret , Winkler Kara L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the past several decades, a robust line of research has developed in the field of communication exploring the interpersonal outcomes of receiving and giving affection. The present review offers an in‐depth examination of research on affectionate communication and its implications for understanding interpersonal acceptance and rejection. The review begins by introducing the primary theoretical framework used to explore affectionate communication, followed by an overview of the benefits of receiving and giving affection. Following this review, the implications of affectionate communication for acceptance–rejection researchers are presented, including a discussion of the complexities of affection and what such intricacies may mean for future theorizing in this domain. Lastly, future directions for acceptance–rejection research in light of this review are presented.
In silico analysis of the competition between Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus mutans in the dental biofilm
Authors: Valdebenito B. , Tullume‐Vergara P.O. , González W. , Kreth J. , Giacaman R.A. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryDuring dental caries, the dental biofilm modifies the composition of the hundreds of involved bacterial species. Changing environmental conditions influence competition. A pertinent model to exemplify the complex interplay of the microorganisms in the human dental biofilm is the competition between Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus mutans. It has been reported that children and adults harbor greater numbers of S. sanguinis in the oral cavity, associated with caries‐free teeth. Conversely, S. mutans is predominant in individuals with a high number of carious lesions. Competition between both microorganisms stems from the production of H2O2 by S. sanguinis and mutacins, a type of bacteriocins, by S. mutans. There is limited evidence on how S. sanguinis survives its own H2O2 levels, or if it has other mechanisms that might aid in the competition against S. mutans, nonetheless. We performed a genomic and metabolic pathway comparison, coupled with a comprehensive literature review, to better understand the competition between these two species. Results indicated that S. sanguinis can outcompete S. mutans by the production of an enzyme capable of metabolizing H2O2. S. mutans, however, lacks the enzyme and is susceptible to the peroxide from S. sanguinis. In addition, S. sanguinis can generate energy through gluconeogenesis and seems to have evolved different communication mechanisms, indicating that novel proteins may be responsible for intra‐species communication.
SNP g.1007A>G within the porcine DNAL4 gene affects sperm motility traits and percentage of midpiece abnormalities
Authors: Wiedemann I , Maehlmeyer A , Jansen S , Sharifi AR , Knorr C 
Published: December 2017

ContentsThe flagellar beating of a spermatozoa's axoneme is caused by the varying activation and inactivation of dynein molecules. Dynein, axonemal, light chain 4 (DNAL4) is a functional candidate gene for sperm motility as it encodes a small subunit of the dyneins. We resequenced the porcine DNAL4 using three artificial insemination (AI) boars each with high (>68%) or low (<60%) motility, and detected 23 SNP. These were then genotyped for 82 AI boars. Using spermatological records, significantly negative genetic correlations between ejaculate volume (VOL) and the further spermatological parameters concentration (CONC) (r = −.43), motility of undiluted semen (MOTUD) (r = −.09), motility after 24 h (MOT1) (r = −.17) and after 48 hr (MOT2) (r = −.23) were estimated. Significantly positive correlations existed between CONC and MOT1 (r = .07) as well as MOT2 (r = .10), between MOTUD and MOT1 (r = .33), between MOTUD and MOT2 (r = .36), and finally between MOT1 and MOT2 (r = .70). Significantly negatively correlated were all motility traits with the parameters abnormal acrosome (AA) (MOTUD r = −.06; MOT1 r = −.08, and MOT2 r = −.1) and presence of cytoplasmic droplet (CD) (MOTUD r = −.07; MOT1 r = −.08; MOT2 r = −.07). Association analyses (single marker regression model; SMR) propose that SNP g.1007A>G, located in the second intron, reduces motility significantly (MOTUD ‐4.59%; MOT1 ‐10.33%; MOT2 ‐19.37%). According to the dominant‐recessive model (DRM), genotype AA is always superior compared to genotypes AG and GG (i.e. MOTUD 67.67%, 64.16% and 53.91%; MOT1 54.17%, 43.75% and 28.44%; MOT2 44.12%, 24.91% and 4.97%). The average effect of gene substitution (g.1007A>G) on abnormal midpiece (AM) was 0.71%, the genotypic values—as expressed by LSmeans—were 0.1 (AA) and 0.81 (AG).
Spinal cord injury‐induced cardiomyocyte atrophy and impaired cardiac function are severity dependent
Authors: Squair Jordan W. , Liu Jie , Tetzlaff Wolfram , Krassioukov Andrei V. , West Christopher R. 
Published: December 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
How does the severity of spinal cord injury affect left ventricular mechanics, function and the underlying cardiomyocyte morphology?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Here, we show that severe, but not moderate, spinal cord injury causes cardiomyocyte atrophy, altered left ventricular mechanics and impaired cardiac function.

The principal aim of the present study was to assess how the severity of spinal cord injury (SCI) affects left ventricular (LV) mechanics, function and underlying cardiomyocyte morphology. Here, we used different severities of T3 spinal cord contusions (MODERATE, 200 kdyn contusion; SEVERE, 400 kdyn contusion; SHAM) and combined standard echocardiography with speckle tracking analyses to investigate in vivo cardiac function and deformation (contractility) after experimental SCI in the Wistar rat. In addition, we investigated changes in the intrinsic structure of cardiac myocytes ex vivo. We demonstrate that SEVERE SCI induces a characteristic decline in LV chamber size and a reduction in in vivo LV deformation (i.e. radial strain) throughout the entire systolic portion of the cardiac cycle [25.6 ± 3.0 versus 44.5 ± 8.1% (Pre‐injury); P = 0.0029]. SEVERE SCI also caused structural changes in cardiomyocytes, including decreased length [115.6 ± 7.63 versus 125.8 ± 6.75 μm (SHAM); P = 0.0458], decreased width [7.78 ± 0.71 versus 10.78 ± 1.08 μm (SHAM); P = 0.0015] and an increase in the length/width ratio [14.88 ± 0.66 versus 11.74 ± 0.89 (SHAM); P = 0.0018], which was significantly correlated with LV flow‐generating capacity after SCI (i.e. stroke volume, R2 = 0.659; P = 0.0013). Rats with MODERATE SCI exhibited no changes in any metric versus SHAM. This is the first study to demonstrate that the severity of SCI determines the course of changes in the intrinsic structure of cardiomyocytes, which are directly related to contractile function of the LV.
Postnatal effects of intrauterine treatment of the growth‐restricted ovine fetus with intra‐amniotic insulin‐like growth factor‐1
Authors: Spiroski A. M. , Oliver M. H. , Jaquiery A. L. , Prickett T. C. R. , Espiner E. A. , Harding J. E. , Bloomfield F. H. 
Published: December 2017

Key points
Fetal growth restriction increases the risk of fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, and contributes to increased risk of chronic disease later in life.
Intra‐amniotic insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF1) treatment of the growth‐restricted ovine fetus improves fetal growth, but postnatal effects are unknown.
Here we report that intra‐amniotic IGF1 treatment of the growth‐restricted ovine fetus alters size at birth and mechanisms of early postnatal growth in a sex‐specific manner.
We also show that maternal plasma C‐type natriuretic peptide (CNP) products are related to fetal oxygenation and size at birth, and hence may be useful for non‐invasive monitoring of fetal growth restriction.
Intrauterine IGF1 treatment in late gestation is a potentially clinically relevant intervention that may ameliorate the postnatal complications of fetal growth restriction.
AbstractPlacental insufficiency‐mediated fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with altered postnatal growth and metabolism, which are, in turn, associated with increased risk of adult disease. Intra‐amniotic insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF1) treatment of ovine FGR increases growth rate in late gestation, but the effects on postnatal growth and metabolism are unknown. We investigated the effects of intra‐amniotic IGF1 administration to ovine fetuses with uteroplacental embolisation‐induced FGR on phenotypical and physiological characteristics in the 2 weeks after birth. We measured early postnatal growth velocity, amino‐terminal propeptide of C‐type natriuretic peptide (NTproCNP), body composition, tissue‐specific mRNA expression, and milk intake in singleton lambs treated weekly with 360 μg intra‐amniotic IGF1 (FGRI; n = 13 females, 19 males) or saline (FGRS; n = 18 females, 12 males) during gestation, and in controls (CON; n = 15 females, 22 males). There was a strong positive correlation between maternal NTproCNP and fetal oxygenation, and size at birth in FGR lambs. FGR lambs were ∼20% lighter at birth and demonstrated accelerated postnatal growth velocity. IGF1 treatment did not alter perinatal mortality, partially abrogated the reduction in newborn size in females, but not males, and reduced accelerated growth in both sexes. IGF1‐mediated upregulation of somatotrophic genes in males during the early postnatal period could suggest that treatment effects are associated with delayed axis maturation, whilst treatment outcomes in females may rely on the reprogramming of nutrient‐dependent mechanisms of growth. These data suggest that the growth‐restricted fetus is responsive to intra‐amniotic intervention with IGF1, and that sex‐specific somatotrophic effects persist in the early postnatal period.
Activation of astrocytic PAR1 receptors in the rat nucleus of the solitary tract regulates breathing through modulation of presynaptic TRPV1
Authors: Huda Rafiq , Chang Zheng , Do Jeehaeh , McCrimmon Donald R. , Martina Marco 
Published: December 2017

Key points
In the rat nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), activation of astrocytic proteinase‐activated receptor 1 (PAR1) receptors leads to potentiation of neuronal synaptic activity by two mechanisms, one TRPV1‐dependent and one TRPV1‐independent.
PAR1‐dependent activation of presynaptic TRPV1 receptors facilitates glutamate release onto NTS neurons.
The TRPV1‐dependent mechanism appears to rely on astrocytic release of endovanilloid‐like molecules.
A subset of NTS neurons excited by PAR1 directly project to the rostral ventral respiratory group.
The PAR1 initiated, TRPV1‐dependent modulation of synaptic transmission in the NTS contributes to regulation of breathing.
AbstractMany of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying astrocytic modulation of synaptic function remain poorly understood. Recent studies show that G‐protein coupled receptor‐mediated astrocyte activation modulates synaptic transmission in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), a brainstem nucleus that regulates crucial physiological processes including cardiorespiratory activity. By using calcium imaging and patch clamp recordings in acute brain slices of wild‐type and TRPV1−/− rats, we show that activation of proteinase‐activated receptor 1 (PAR1) in NTS astrocytes potentiates presynaptic glutamate release on NTS neurons. This potentiation is mediated by both a TRPV1‐dependent and a TRPV1‐independent mechanism. The TRPV1‐dependent mechanism appears to require release of endovanilloid‐like molecules from astrocytes, which leads to subsequent potentiation of presynaptic glutamate release via activation of presynaptic TRPV1 channels. Activation of NTS astrocytic PAR1 receptors elicits cFOS expression in neurons that project to respiratory premotor neurons and inhibits respiratory activity in control, but not in TRPV1−/− rats. Thus, activation of astrocytic PAR1 receptor in the NTS leads to a TRPV1‐dependent excitation of NTS neurons causing a potent modulation of respiratory motor output.
Complete Genome Sequence of the New Urolithin-Producing Bacterium Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens DSM 27213
T
Authors: Martinez-Blanch Juan F. , Ramón Daniel , Beltrán David , Romo-Vaquero María , García-Villalba Rocío , Espín Juan C. , Tomás-Barberán Francisco A. , Codoñer Francisco M. , Selma María V. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens
DSM 27213
T
was isolated from human feces and is able to metabolize ellagic acid (a dietary phenolic compound present in various fruits) to urolithins. Here, we report the finished and annotated genome sequence of this organism.