bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPACTO DEL USO DEL SOFTWARE CMAP-TOOLS EN LA TÉCNICA DE LOS MAPAS CONCEPTUALES
Authors: Dávila Panduro Susy Karina , Li Loo Kung Carlos Antonio 
Published: October 2016

La investigación tuvo como objetivo: aplicar el software Cmap-Tools en el uso de mapas conceptuales para cátedras de Ciencias Sociales en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y Humanidades de la UNAP en la ciudad de Iquitos, en el año 2011. El estudio pertenece al tipo experimental y el diseño fue el pre-experimental de tipo Diseño de Comparación Estática o Comparación de Grupos sólo. La población estuvo conformada por los estudiantes de la especialidad de Ciencias Sociales de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y Humanidades de la UNAP que hacen un total de 147, la determinación de la muestra fue en forma no probabilística intencionada y estuvo conformada por 44 estudiantes.La técnica que se empleó en la recolección de los datos fue: la encuesta, el instrumento fue el cuestionario.Para el procesamiento de los datos se utilizó el programa computarizado SPSS versión 17 en español con lo que se obtuvo la matriz de datos con lo que se organizó los datos en tablas y gráficos.Para el análisis e interpretación de los datos se empleó la estadística descriptiva: frecuencia, promedios simples y porcentaje y la estadística inferencial no paramétrica de Chi Cuadrada (X<sup>2</sup>). Para la constatación de la hipótesis principal se utilizó la prueba estadística inferencial no paramétrica X<sup>2</sup> de Chi Cuadrada con µ = 0,01; gl = 2 obteniendo X<sup>2</sup><sub>c</sub> = 25,83; X<sup>2</sup><sub>t</sub> = 9,21; es decir X<sup>2</sup><sub>c</sub>&gt; X<sup>2</sup><sub>t</sub> se aceptó la hipótesis de la investigación: “A través de la aplicación del software Cmap-Tools se mejorará el uso de mapas conceptuales para cátedras de Ciencias Sociales en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y Humanidades de la UNAP en la ciudad de Iquitos en el año 2011”.
Validación del Protocolo de Reproducción de Colossoma macropomum, Piaractus brachypomus y Prochilodus nigricans en Condiciones Controladas
Authors: Verdi Olivares Lorgio , Alcántara Bocanegra Fernando , Rodríguez Chu Luciano , Chu Koo Fred , Ramírez Arrarte Pedro , Tello Martín Salvador 
Published: October 2016

Protocolos aplicados a las diferentes etapas de la reproducción inducida: tratamiento hormonal, incubación, manejo de larvas, y manejo de alevines en los peces de consumo humano Colossoma macropomum (gamitana), Piaractus brachypomus (paco) y Prochilodus nigricans (boquichico) fueron evaluados en el marco del proyecto UNAP “Cátedra CONCYTEC en Acuicultura Tropical” con el propósito de establecer los adecuados procedimientos en la búsqueda de una óptima productividad acuícola y una mejor rentabilidad económica en Loreto. Con este objetivo se utilizaron como inductores: para gamitana, Pituitaria de Carpa con dosis total de 6,0 mg/kg en hembras y 2,0 mg/kg en machos; Para machos y hembras de paco, Conceptal en dosis total de 2,6 ml/kg en hembras y 1,0 ml/kg en machos; y para boquichico, Pituitaria de Carpa con dosis total de 4,0 mg/kg en hembras y 2,0 mg/kg en machos. El desove se produjo en 11±2 horas; la eclosión ocurre después de 22 horas a partir de la fecundación, con tasas promedios superiores al 70% y tasas de sobrevivencia, aún cundo por debajo del 50%, garantiza una alta producción de alevines.
Un caso de leucismo en larvas de Phyllomedusa bicolor (Anura: Hylidae) reproducidas en cautiverio
Authors: Villagarcia Olmeño Adán , Cuevas Enrique 
Published: October 2016

<p>En este artículo se reporta el primer caso de leucismo en Phyllomedusa bicolor (Boaddaert 1772). La larva leucística descrita fue resultado de un trabajo de manejo reproductivo en cautiverio, y fue fotografiada 97 días después de su eclosión, mostrando una coloración blanca uniforme a excepción de los reflejos dorados de los flancos y el tono oscuro de los ojos.</p>
EXPLORING THE ACCRETION MODEL OF M87 AND 3C 84 WITH THE FARADAY ROTATION MEASURE OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Li Ya-Ping , Yuan Feng , Xie Fu-Guo 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs) are believed to be powered by an accretion-jet model, consisting of an inner advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF), an outer truncated standard thin disk, and a jet; however, model degeneracy still exists in this framework. For example, the X-ray emission can originate from either the ADAF or the jet. The aim of the present work is to check these models with the Faraday rotation measure (RM) observations recently detected for two LLAGNs, M87 and 3C 84, in the sub-mm band. For M87, we find that the RM predicted by the model in which the X-ray emission originates from the ADAF is larger than the observed upper limit of RM by over two orders of magnitude, while the model in which the X-ray emission originates from the jet predicts a RM lower than the observed upper limit. For 3C 84, the sub-mm emission is found to be dominated by the jet component, while the Faraday screen is attributed to the ADAFs. This scenario can naturally explain the observed external origin of the RM and why the RM is found to be stable during a two-year interval although the sub-mm emission increases at the same period.
A MECHANISM FOR STIMULATING AGN FEEDBACK BY LIFTING GAS IN MASSIVE GALAXIES
Authors: McNamara B. R. , Russell H. R. , Nulsen P. E. J. , Hogan M. T. , Fabian A. C. , Pulido F. , Edge A. C. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Observation shows that nebular emission, molecular gas, and young stars in giant galaxies are associated with rising X-ray bubbles inflated by radio jets launched from nuclear black holes. We propose a model where molecular clouds condense from low-entropy gas caught in the updraft of rising X-ray bubbles. The low-entropy gas becomes thermally unstable when it is lifted to an altitude where its cooling time is shorter than the time required to fall to its equilibrium location in the galaxy, i.e.,

. The infall speed of a cloud is bounded by the lesser of its free-fall and terminal speeds, so that the infall time here can exceed the free-fall time by a significant factor. This mechanism is motivated by Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations revealing molecular clouds lying in the wakes of rising X-ray bubbles with velocities well below their free-fall speeds. Our mechanism would provide cold gas needed to fuel a feedback loop while stabilizing the atmosphere on larger scales. The observed cooling time threshold of

—the clear-cut signature of thermal instability and the onset of nebular emission and star formation—may result from the limited ability of radio bubbles to lift low-entropy gas to altitudes where thermal instabilities can ensue. Outflowing molecular clouds are unlikely to escape, but instead return to the central galaxy in a circulating flow. We contrast our mechanism to precipitation models where the minimum value of

triggers thermal instability, which we find to be inconsistent with observation.
ON THE ROLE OF REPETITIVE MAGNETIC RECONNECTIONS IN EVOLUTION OF MAGNETIC FLUX ROPES IN SOLAR CORONA
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Bhattacharyya R. , Joshi Bhuwan , Smolarkiewicz P. K. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Parker's magnetostatic theorem, extended to astrophysical magnetofluids with large magnetic Reynolds number, supports ceaseless regeneration of current sheets and, hence, spontaneous magnetic reconnections recurring in time. Consequently, a scenario is possible where the repeated reconnections provide an autonomous mechanism governing emergence of coherent structures in astrophysical magnetofluids. In this work, such a scenario is explored by performing numerical computations commensurate with the magnetostatic theorem. In particular, the computations explore the evolution of a flux rope governed by repeated reconnections in a magnetic geometry resembling bipolar loops of solar corona. The revealed morphology of the evolution process—including onset and ascent of the rope, reconnection locations, and the associated topology of the magnetic field lines—agrees with observations, and thus substantiates physical realizability of the advocated mechanism.
NEUTRINO, γ-RAY, AND COSMIC-RAY FLUXES FROM THE CORE OF THE CLOSEST RADIO GALAXIES
Authors: Fraija N. , Marinelli A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The closest radio galaxies; Centaurus A (Cen A), M87, and NGC 1275, have been detected from radio wavelengths to TeV γ-rays, and also studied as high-energy neutrino and ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) potential emitters. Their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) show a double-peak feature, which is explained by a synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. However, TeV γ-ray measured spectra could suggest that very-high-energy γ-rays might have a hadronic origin. We introduce a lepto-hadronic model to describe the broadband SED; from radio to sub-GeV photons as synchrotron SSC emission and TeV γ-ray photons as neutral pion decay resulting from pγ interactions occurring close to the core. These photo-hadronic interactions take place when Fermi-accelerated protons interact with the seed photons around synchrotron SSC peaks. Obtaining a good description of the TeV γ-ray fluxes, first, we compute neutrino fluxes and events expected in the IceCube detector and, second, we estimate UHECR fluxes and the event rate expected in Telescope Array, Pierre Auger, and HiRes observatories. Within this scenario, we show that the expected high-energy neutrinos cannot explain the astrophysical flux observed by IceCube, and the connection with UHECRs observed by Auger experiment around Cen A might be possible only considering a heavy nuclei composition in the observed events.
A ROBUST DERIVATION OF THE TIGHT RELATIONSHIP OF RADIO CORE DOMINANCE TO INCLINATION ANGLE IN HIGH REDSHIFT 3CRR SOURCES
Authors: Marin Frédéric , Antonucci Robert 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
It is believed that, in radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs), the core radio flux density can be normalized to the flux density of the extended lobe emission to infer the orientation of a radio source. However, very little is known about the reliability and precision of this method, and we are unaware of any robust conversion recipe to infer the inclination from the core dominance. Investigating whether or not the radio core dominance parameter R separates the quasars from the radio galaxies in the

1 3CRR catalog, we found excellent agreement of R with optical type, infrared flux ratios, and optical polarization. This indicates that probably both R and optical classification are very good orientation indicators, and the unified model is strongly predictive for these objects. The relative number densities indicate half-opening angles close to 60°, as expected from large surveys. The separations of optical types according to radio core dominance as well as near-infrared/MIR ratios, which are essentially perfect, mean that there can be only a small dispersion of torus half-opening angles. Also, even though torus dust is thought to be clumpy, there is an almost zero probability to see a type-1 source at high inclination. Finally, using only the Copernican Principle, i.e., the assumption that solid angle is filled uniformly with source axis orientations, we estimated a semi-empirical relation between core dominance and AGN inclination. This makes it possible to use R to infer the inclination of a source to an accuracy of ∼10° or less, at least for this type of object.
VETTING GALACTIC LEAVITT LAW CALIBRATORS USING RADIAL VELOCITIES: ON THE VARIABILITY, BINARITY, AND POSSIBLE PARALLAX ERROR OF 19 LONG-PERIOD CEPHEIDS
Authors: Anderson R. I. , Casertano S. , Riess A. G. , Melis C. , Holl B. , Semaan T. , Papics P. I. , Blanco-Cuaresma S. , Eyer L. , Mowlavi N. , Palaversa L. , Roelens M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate the radial velocity (RV) variability and spectroscopic binarity of 19 Galactic long-period (

≳ 10 days) classical Cepheid variable stars whose trigonometric parallaxes are being measured using the Hubble
Space Telescope and Gaia. Our primary objective is to constrain possible parallax error due to undetected orbital motion. Using over 1600 high-precision RVs measured between 2011 and 2016, we find no indication of orbital motion on ≲5 year timescales for 18 Cepheids and determine upper limits on allowed configurations for a range of input orbital periods. The results constrain the unsigned parallax error due to orbital motion to <2% for 16 stars, and <4% for 18. We improve the orbital solution of the known binary YZ Carinae and show that the astrometric model must take into account orbital motion to avoid significant error (∼±100 μarcsec). We further investigate long-timescale (

> 10 years) variations in pulsation-averaged velocity v

γ
via a template fitting approach using both new and literature RVs. We discover the spectroscopic binarity of XZ Car and CD Cyg, find first tentative evidence for AQ Car, and reveal KN Cen’s orbital signature. Further (mostly tentative) evidence of time-variable v

γ
is found for SS CMa, VY Car, SZ Cyg, and X Pup. We briefly discuss considerations regarding a vetting process of Galactic Leavitt law calibrators and show that light contributions by companions are insignificant for most distance scale applications.
THE SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS OF FERMI BLAZARS
Authors: Fan J. H. , Yang J. H. , Liu Y. , Luo G. Y. , Lin C. , Yuan Y. H. , Xiao H. B. , Zhou A. Y. , Hua T. X. , Pei Z. Y. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
In this paper, multiwavelength data are compiled for a sample of 1425 Fermi blazars to calculate their spectral energy distributions (SEDs). A parabolic function,

is used for SED fitting. Synchrotron peak frequency (

), spectral curvature (P1), peak flux (

), and integrated flux (

) are successfully obtained for 1392 blazars (461 flat-spectrum radio quasars [FSRQs], 620 BL Lacs [BLs], and 311 blazars of uncertain type [BCUs]; 999 sources have known redshifts). Monochromatic luminosity at radio 1.4 GHz, optical R band, X-ray at 1 keV and γ-ray at 1 GeV, peak luminosity, integrated luminosity, and effective spectral indices of radio to optical (

) and optical to X-ray (

) are calculated. The “Bayesian classification” is employed to log

in the rest frame for 999 blazars with available redshift, and the results show that three components are enough to fit the log

distribution; there is no ultra-high peaked subclass. Based on the three components, the subclasses of blazars using the acronyms of Abdo et al. are classified, and some mutual correlations are also studied. Conclusions are finally drawn as follows: (1) SEDs are successfully obtained for 1392 blazars. The fitted peak frequencies are compared with common sources from available samples. (2) Blazars are classified as low synchrotron peak sources if log

, intermediate synchrotron peak sources if

, and high synchrotron peak sources if

. (3) Gamma-ray emissions are strongly correlated with radio emissions. Gamma-ray luminosity is also correlated with synchrotron peak luminosity and integrated luminosity. (4) There is an anticorrelation between peak frequency and peak luminosity within the whole blazar sample. However, there is a marginally positive correlation for high synchrotron peak BL Lacs (HBLs), and no correlations for FSRQs or low synchrotron peak BL Lacs (LBLs). (5) There are anticorrelations between the monochromatic luminosities (γ-ray and radio bands) and the peak frequency within the whole sample and BL Lacs. (6) The optical to X-ray (

) and radio to optical (

) spectral indices are strongly anticorrelated with peak frequency (log

) within the whole sample, but the correlations for subclasses of FSRQs, LBLs, and HBLs are different.
Suivi des indices de performance sur la durée moyenne de séjour avec la méthode CUSUM
Authors: Biard Lucie , Bernard Rémy , Le-Leplat Carole , Porcher Raphaël , Bagot Martine , Chevret Sylvie , Flicoteaux Rémi 
Published: October 2016

Issue du contrôle qualité industriel, la méthode CUSUM permet de suivre des processus et déclencher des alertes lorsque les paramètres monitorés s’écartent d’une valeur de référence. L’objectif était d’évaluer la faisabilité de la méthode CUSUM pour le pilotage médico-économique à travers le suivi de l’indice de performance sur la durée moyenne des séjours (IP-DMS). Nous avons mené une analyse rétrospective au sein d’un service de dermatologie hospitalo-universitaire reposant sur le suivi entre 2008 et 2013 de l’IP-DMS hebdomadaire par test CUSUM. Etant donné les caractéristiques de l’IP-DMS, la valeur de référence a été choisie à 1. Une première étape de calibrage par une étude empirique sur les données observées et complétée par simulations a été réalisée pour définir les paramètres du test : une déviation de l’IP-DMS supérieure de + 0,1 était considérée comme inacceptable. En moyenne, le service accueillait 26 séjours par semaine pour un IP-DMS moyen hebdomadaire de 1,09 (écart-type 0,22). Au cours de l’année 2009, les IP-DMS, trop élevés de façon récurrente, ont déclenché 8 alertes par le test CUSUM. Les changements organisationnels entrepris par le service ont ensuite conduit à une stabilisation en 2010. Par la suite, 2 alertes ont été déclenchées début 2011, correspondant à une épidémie d’infections nosocomiales à bactérie multi-résistante responsable d’un allongement des durées de séjour avec pour conséquence un IP-DMS anormalement élevé. Le test CUSUM a permis de réaliser un suivi précis et dynamique de ce processus médico-économique. La mise en place d’un suivi prospectif visant à aider au pilotage pourrait donc être bénéfique pour les décideurs.
Consommation des médicaments coûteux à l’Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris : un indicateur des déterminants de l’attractivité hospitalière pour les patients ?
Authors: Siorat Virginie , Degrassat-Théas A. , Paubel P. , Parent De Curzon O. , Sinègre M. 
Published: October 2016

Dans le système de tarification à l’activité, les ressources financières des hôpitaux sont directement liées à leur activité, les incitant à développer leur attractivité pour les patients. L’objectif de notre étude est de rechercher les paramètres influençant la part des patients ne résidant pas en Île-de-France (IDF) et pris en charge à l’Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), reflet de l’attractivité. Cette première analyse est limitée au recours aux médicaments inscrits sur la liste des médicaments facturables en sus en 2012. Un modèle Tobit est développé, dans lequel la variable dépendante est, pour chaque médicament, le ratio du nombre de patients ne résidant pas en IDF, sur le nombre total de patients recevant ce médicament. Les variables explicatives regroupent des caractéristiques liées aux médicaments et aux patients. En 2012, 526 091 doses – pour 113 médicaments de la liste en sus – sont administrées à 30 499 patients de l’AP-HP. 13 % des patients sont non franciliens. Selon le modèle Tobit, trois variables ont un impact positif sur le ratio (statut innovant, pourcentage de femmes et degré de sévérité du groupe homogène de malades) et trois un impact négatif (désignation orpheline, pourcentage de plus de 65 ans, origine biologique du médicament). Les classes thérapeutiques et le diagnostic principal ont également une incidence significative selon la classe statistique. Cette étude constitue une première étape de modélisation des déterminants significatifs de l’attractivité hospitalière pour les patients, permettant de mieux comprendre l’évolution des dépenses liées aux médicaments onéreux.
Realism vs utopianism
Authors: De Bom Erik 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
1516 saw the publication of three important works. First of all, it is the year of Thomas More’s Utopia. But it is also the year in which Erasmus published his major political work The Education of the Christian Prince. The third work even appeared with the same publisher as More’s Utopia, viz. Nicolaas Everaerts’s Topica or legal commonplaces. All three works are remarkable in their own way. Erasmus represents a tradition that goes back to Petrarch and that saw the well-being of society as totally dependent on the virtuousness of its prince. For Thomas More this was far too risky and therefore he sketched a radical alternative that was based on a reorganisation of society as a whole. However appealing his imaginary island was, it is remarkable that within the domain of political theory it did not attract too much attention. Most authors focused on another work, that was conceived in the very same period, viz. Machiavelli’s Prince. The present article will shed light on these developments by focusing on the work of two further early-modern intellectuals active in the Netherlands. Both Justus Lipsius and Leonardus Lessius, whose work bears a strong resemblance to that of Everaerts, looked for the ideal society. And this was not a society after the model of More, but a society modelled after a well-defined form of Machiavellism.
Bodies, morals, and religion
Authors: van Ruler Han 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Although Thomas More’s description of the Utopians’ ‘Epicurean’ position in philosophy nominally coincides with Erasmus’s defence of the Philosophia Christi, More shows no concern for the arguments Erasmus gave in support of this view. Taking its starting point from Erasmus’s depreciations of the body and More’s intellectual as well as physical preoccupations with the bodily sphere, this article presents the theme of the human body and its moral and religious significance as a test case for comparing Erasmus and More. The treatises both men wrote on Christ’s suffering in the Garden of Gethsemane confirm that both authors dealt with the notion of the body in contrasting ways: Erasmus shows a tendency to address the moral-psychological question of mentally conquering the worldly self, whilst More highlights the way in which ordinary facts and physical things may carry spiritual and religious meaning. Paradoxically, Erasmus consistently applied his spiritualized ideal of man to this-worldly moral and social concerns, whereas More focused on the physical domain out of a religious interest in transcendent truths. In line with Giulia Sissa’s thesis, our hypothesis is that More ostensibly appropriated an Erasmian type of idealism in Utopia, but, contrary to Erasmus himself, focused on the exterior form of a virtuous society, rather than on its moral and spiritual preconditions. While Erasmus advocated a mental transformation towards reason, More’s Utopia envisioned what might come of this.
A praise of pain
Authors: Sissa Giulia 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In his incarnation as ‘Morus’ in Utopia, Thomas More asserts his profound disagreement with his fictional character, Raphael Hythlodaeus. Whereas Hythlodaeus extols the merits of commonality and the moral value of pleasure, Morus dismisses the whole project as absurdity, or hopeless wishful thinking. This divergence has been variously interpreted, but mostly played down. This paper argues that the civilized, amicable, and yet genuine discord between Raphael Hythlodaeus and Morus is the key to Utopia. We can appreciate its importance only if we understand who Hythlodaeus is, and what the purpose of the dialogue is. We also have to do justice to Thomas More’s politics, which were grounded on the authority of the Christian tradition, in the Old and the New Testament. Over the years, Thomas More maintained a very clear and consistent line of thought on the legitimacy of worldly wealth, the responsibilities inherent in its management, the imperative to curb their enjoyment, the temptation of ‘business’ and greed, the duty of charity, and the value of penance, remorse, prayer, and other kinds of self-inflicted suffering. In A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation, Anthony, the wiser character, conveys Thomas More’s relentless praise of pain. Anthony has the last word. So, too, does Morus.