bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of the use of low-dose ketamine for analgesia in the emergency department
Authors: Ghate Gauri , Clark Eric , Vaillancourt Christian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study is to determine the performance of low-dose ketamine (LDK) as an analgesic for acute pain management in adult patients in the emergency department (ED).MethodsWe systematically reviewed electronic databases, grey literature, conference abstracts, and clinical trial registries. Two independent reviewers identified eligible studies. These selections were subsequently reviewed by one reviewer who identified the final eligible studies, using refined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our outcome measures included the analgesic effect of LDK, need for rescue analgesia, and neuropsychological adverse events secondary to LDK use. We assessed inter-rater agreement using kappa statistics and proposed a treatment recommendation using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) software. Heterogeneity among studies precluded meta-analysis.ResultsOur electronic search identified 1,408 records; 44 were selected for full evaluation (kappa=0.70), and 8 were included after the final review. All six randomized controlled trials and two observational studies were set in the ED where LDK was administered to adult patients ( >18 years old) exclusively for pain management. All studies had an overall low risk of bias. There was extensive variation in the dose and route of LDK used (0.1-0.7 mg/kg SC/IV/IM), administration protocols, and use of adjunct analgesia. Overall, most studies reported a significant analgesic effect of LDK with occasional need for rescue analgesia and mild-to-moderate adverse events (dizziness, dysphoria, and confusion).ConclusionThere are moderate to low quality data supporting LDK as an alternative analgesic in the ED with the potential for minimal requirement of rescue analgesia and self-limited neuropsychological adverse events.
Simplified Numerical Model for Rapid Design of AF Module Spring Shape Parameters
Authors: Liu D. S. , Lu C. J. , Chen S. H. , Liu C. S. , Liao T. W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe autofocusing (AF) performance of cell phone cameras is critically dependent on the design of the voice-coil motor (VCM) used to drive the lens module. Also, the metal springs in the AF module should combine high stiffness with a good actuation response and a light weight. The present study utilizes a reverse engineering approach to construct three-dimensional finite element models of the top and bottom springs in the VCM mechanism. Simulations are then performed to investigate the von Mises stress distribution and stiffness characteristics of the two springs given horizontal and vertical orientations of the AF module, respectively. In performing the simulations, the actuation force is computed using two different analysis methods, namely a simplify structure method and a coupled electromagnetic-structural method. It is shown that the simplify structure method has the advantages of a lower computational complexity and a more comprehensive modeling capability. A further series of simulations is thus to examine the effects of the spring shape parameters on the reaction force developed by the spring stiffness. The results show that the spring stiffness increases with an increasing thickness and a decreasing rib length. The simulation results obtained for different spring shape parameter settings are summarized in the form of a parameter design chart for predicting the reaction force given known values of the spring rib length and spring thickness.
Low levels of very-long-chainn-3 PUFA in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) diet reduce fish robustness under challenging conditions in sea cages
Authors: Bou Marta , Berge Gerd M. , Baeverfjord Grete , Sigholt Trygve , Østbye Tone-Kari , Ruyter Bente 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine the minimum requirements of the essentialn-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) that can secure their health under challenging conditions in sea cages. Individually tagged Atlantic salmon were fed 2, 10 and 17 g/kg of EPA + DHA from 400 g until slaughter size (about 3·5 kg). The experimental fish reared in sea cages were subjected to the challenging conditions typically experienced under commercial production. Salmon receiving the lowest EPA + DHA levels showed lower growth rates in the earlier life stages, but no significant difference in final weights at slaughter. The fatty acid composition of various tissues and organs had remarkably changed. The decreased EPA + DHA in the different tissue membrane phospholipids were typically replaced by pro-inflammatoryn-6 fatty acids, most markedly in the skin. The EPA + DHA levels were maintained at a higher level in the liver and erythrocytes than in the muscle, intestine and skin. After delousing at high water temperatures, the mortality rates were 63, 52 and 16 % in the salmon fed 2, 10 and 17 g/kg EPA + DHA. Low EPA + DHA levels also increased the liver, intestinal and visceral fat amount, reduced intervertebral space and caused mid-intestinal hyper-vacuolisation. Thus, 10 g/kg EPA + DHA in the Atlantic salmon diet, a level previously regarded as sufficient, was found to be too low to maintain fish health under demanding environmental conditions in sea cages.
Quaternary marine ingressions as indicated by hydrogeochemical evidence in the semi-confined aquifer of the littoral of the Río de la Plata, Argentina
Authors: Santucci Lucia , Carol Eleonora , Kruse Eduardo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Quaternary is characterized by the occurrence of significant climate oscillations that led to noticeable sea-level changes. On the basis of hydrochemical indicators, the origin of the water salinity in the semi-confined aquifer in the region of the middle Río de la Plata estuary, Argentina is determined. Exploration wells were drilled and sediments were sampled for mineralogical analysis alongside water samples collected to determine major and minor ions and environmental isotopes in the aquifer. The Plio-Pleistocene fluvial sands in which the aquifer occurs are mainly composed of grains of quartz, feldspar, and mafic minerals. The water chemistry shows Na-Cl facies with a marked increase in salinity towards the Río de la Plata. The δ 18O vs. δ 2H, Br− vs. Cl−, and δ 18O vs. Cl− ratios clearly trend towards seawater. Minor ions, such as Si, Sr, Li, Se, Br, and Rb, were the result of the prolonged interaction between the water that occurs in the aquifer and the mineral components of its matrix. The hydrogeochemical data show the marine origin of the saline water and that the hydrogeological evolution of the area during the Quaternary is as a result of sea-level oscillations.
Gendering Public Policy or Rationalizing Gender? Strategic Interventions and GBA+ Practice in Canada
Authors: Scala Francesca , Paterson Stephanie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe debate surrounding the transformative potential of gender mainstreaming has revived concerns of co-optation of equality work and resistance first expressed by early feminist public administration scholars. In this article, we explore how gender analysts exercised their agency and carved out spaces within the bureaucracy to articulate and advance a gender focus in policy work. Employing discursive, institutional and relational strategies, gender analysts simultaneously used and pushed back against hierarchical bureaucratic discourses as they operationalized Gender-Based Analysis Plus (GBA+) in the federal public bureaucracy. These micro-level acts of resistance, on their own, do not lead to social transformation. However, by creating spaces for feminist knowledge and activism within the state, these local strategies can contribute to the broader feminist agenda.
Redefining Alliances in the Struggle for Organizational Autonomy
Authors: Morales Hudon Anahi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper aims to contribute to discussions around alliances and collaborations between feminisms. It analyses relations between movements in the development of indigenous women's organizational autonomy in Mexico. It seeks to understand how the struggle for autonomy involved a redefinition of the forms of collaboration by indigenous women in the consolidation of their movement. An intersectional perspective is proposed to better understand how power relations affect the organizing processes of social movements, as well as how organizations and individuals respond to and challenge them. I argue here that the redefinition of collaborations and alliances has been a key determinant in the organizing capacity of indigenous women to position themselves as autonomous political actors. From the analysis of two specific cases, this paper poses broader questions regarding representation and autonomy that may be applied towards a reflection of our feminist practices and discourses of solidarity.
Spectral analysis of forced turbulence in a non-neutral plasma
Authors: Chen S. , Maero G. , Romé M. 
Published: June 2017

The paper investigates the dynamics of magnetized non-neutral (electron) plasmas subjected to external electric field perturbations. A two-dimensional (2-D) particle-in-cell code is effectively exploited to model this system with a special attention to the role that non-axisymmetric, multipolar radio frequency (RF) drives applied to the cylindrical (circular) boundary play on the insurgence of azimuthal instabilities and the subsequent formation of coherent structures preventing the relaxation to a fully developed turbulent state, when the RF fields are chosen in the frequency range of the low-order fluid modes themselves. The isomorphism of such system with a 2-D inviscid incompressible fluid offers an insight into the details of forced 2-D fluid turbulence. The choice of different initial density (i.e. fluid vorticity) distributions allows for a selection of conditions where different levels of turbulence and intermittency are expected and a range of final states is achieved. Integral and spectral quantities of interest are computed along the flow using a multiresolution analysis based on a wavelet decomposition of both enstrophy and energy 2-D maps. The analysis of a variety of cases shows that the qualitative features of turbulent relaxation are similar in conditions of both free and forced evolution; at the same time, fine details of the flow beyond the self-similarity turbulence properties are highlighted in particular in the formation of structures and their timing, where the influence of the initial conditions and the effect of the external forcing can be distinguished.
On relation between constraint answer set programming and satisfiability modulo theories
Authors: LIERLER YULIYA , SUSMAN BENJAMIN 
Published: June 2017

AbstractConstraint answer set programming is a promising research direction that integrates answer set programming with constraint processing. It is often informally related to the field of satisfiability modulo theories. Yet, the exact formal link is obscured as the terminology and concepts used in these two research areas differ. In this paper, we connect these two research areas by uncovering the precise formal relation between them. We believe that this work will boost the cross-fertilization of the theoretical foundations and the existing solving methods in both areas. As a step in this direction, we provide a translation from constraint answer set programs with integer linear constraints to satisfiability modulo linear integer arithmetic that paves the way to utilizing modern satisfiability modulo theories solvers for computing answer sets of constraint answer set programs.
Exsolution trends and co-segregation aspects of self-grown catalyst nanoparticles in perovskites
Authors: Kwon Ohhun , Sengodan Sivaprakash , Kim Kyeounghak , Kim Gihyeon , Jeong Hu Young , Shin Jeeyoung , Ju Young-Wan , Han Jeong Woo , Kim Guntae 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn perovskites, exsolution of transition metals has been proposed as a smart catalyst design for energy applications. Although there exist transition metals with superior catalytic activity, they are limited by their ability to exsolve under a reducing environment. When a doping element is present in the perovskite, it is often observed that the surface segregation of the doping element is changed by oxygen vacancies. However, the mechanism of co-segregation of doping element with oxygen vacancies is still an open question. Here we report trends in the exsolution of transition metal (Mn, Co, Ni and Fe) on the PrBaMn2O5+δ layered perovskite oxide related to the co-segregation energy. Transmission electron microscopic observations show that easily reducible cations (Mn, Co and Ni) are exsolved from the perovskite depending on the transition metal-perovskite reducibility. In addition, using density functional calculations we reveal that co-segregation of B-site dopant and oxygen vacancies plays a central role in the exsolution.
Light controlled 3D micromotors powered by bacteria
Authors: Vizsnyiczai Gaszton , Frangipane Giacomo , Maggi Claudio , Saglimbeni Filippo , Bianchi Silvio , Di Leonardo Roberto 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSelf-propelled bacteria can be integrated into synthetic micromachines and act as biological propellers. So far, proposed designs suffer from low reproducibility, large noise levels or lack of tunability. Here we demonstrate that fast, reliable and tunable bio-hybrid micromotors can be obtained by the self-assembly of synthetic structures with genetically engineered biological propellers. The synthetic components consist of 3D interconnected structures having a rotating unit that can capture individual bacteria into an array of microchambers so that cells contribute maximally to the applied torque. Bacterial cells are smooth swimmers expressing a light-driven proton pump that allows to optically control their swimming speed. Using a spatial light modulator, we can address individual motors with tunable light intensities allowing the dynamic control of their rotational speeds. Applying a real-time feedback control loop, we can also command a set of micromotors to rotate in unison with a prescribed angular speed.
MARK4 regulates NLRP3 positioning and inflammasome activation through a microtubule-dependent mechanism
Authors: Li Xuan , Thome Sarah , Ma Xiaodan , Amrute-Nayak Mamta , Finigan Alison , Kitt Lauren , Masters Leanne , James John R. , Shi Yuguang , Meng Guoyu , Mallat Ziad 
Published: June 2017

AbstractExcessive activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in many chronic inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular and Alzheimer’s disease. Here we show that microtubule-affinity regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) binds to NLRP3 and drives it to the microtubule-organizing centre, enabling the formation of one large inflammasome speck complex within a single cell. MARK4 knockdown or knockout, or disruption of MARK4-NLRP3 interaction, impairs NLRP3 spatial arrangement and limits inflammasome activation. Our results demonstrate how an evolutionarily conserved protein involved in the regulation of microtubule dynamics orchestrates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by controlling its transport to optimal activation sites, and identify a targetable function for MARK4 in the control of innate immunity.
Skin parasite landscape determines host infectiousness in visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Doehl Johannes S. P. , Bright Zoe , Dey Shoumit , Davies Helen , Magson John , Brown Najmeeyah , Romano Audrey , Dalton Jane E. , Pinto Ana I. , Pitchford Jon W. , Kaye Paul M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that the infectiousness of patients for the sand fly vector of visceral leishmaniasis is linked to parasites found in the skin. Using a murine model that supports extensive skin infection with Leishmania donovani, spatial analyses at macro-(quantitative PCR) and micro-(confocal microscopy) scales indicate that parasite distribution is markedly skewed. Mathematical models accounting for this heterogeneity demonstrate that while a patchy distribution reduces the expected number of sand flies acquiring parasites, it increases the infection load for sand flies feeding on a patch, increasing their potential for onward transmission. Models representing patchiness at both macro- and micro-scales provide the best fit with experimental sand fly feeding data, pointing to the importance of the skin parasite landscape as a predictor of host infectiousness. Our analysis highlights the skin as a critical site to consider when assessing treatment efficacy, transmission competence and the impact of visceral leishmaniasis elimination campaigns.
A blueprint for the next generation of ELSI research, training, and outreach in regenerative medicine
Authors: Illes Judy , Sipp Douglas , Kleiderman Erika , Benjaminy Shelly , Isasi Rosario , Lomax Geoff , Master Zubin , McCormick Jennifer , Ogbogu Ubaka , Ravitsky Vardit , Robillard Julie M. , Rossi Fabio , Wilson Brenda , Zarzeczny Amy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRegenerative medicine has attracted the interest of scientists, physicians, and patient communities, and as well as policy-makers and the broader public given related ethical, legal, and social implications. Here we examine past initiatives in the ethical, legal and social implications arena in regenerative medicine, and offer our views on actionable priorities for the future in six key areas: capacity building, policy, engagement with industry, resaerch ethics, communication, and community building.
A novel synthetic approach of cerium oxide nanoparticles with improved biomedical activity
Authors: Caputo Fanny , Mameli Marta , Sienkiewicz Andrzej , Licoccia Silvia , Stellacci Francesco , Ghibelli Lina , Traversa Enrico 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) are novel synthetic antioxidant agents proposed for treating oxidative stress-related diseases. The synthesis of high-quality CNPs for biomedical applications remains a challenging task. A major concern for a safe use of CNPs as pharmacological agents is their tendency to agglomerate. Herein we present a simple direct precipitation approach, exploiting ethylene glycol as synthesis co-factor, to synthesize at room temperature nanocrystalline sub-10 nm CNPs, followed by a surface silanization approach to improve nanoparticle dispersibility in biological fluids. CNPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements. CNP redox activity was studied in abiotic systems using electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements, and in vitro on human cell models. In-situ silanization improved CNP colloidal stability, in comparison with non-functionalized particles, and allowed at the same time improving their original biological activity, yielding thus functionalized CNPs suitable for biomedical applications.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The lincRNA-ROR/miR-145 axis promotes invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma via induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting ZEB2
Authors: Li Chen , Lu Lu , Feng Bing , Zhang Kai , Han Siqi , Hou Daorong , Chen Longbang , Chu Xiaoyuan , Wang Rui 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEmerging evidence show that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumor development. LincRNA-ROR (linc-ROR) is known to promote tumor progress in several human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the roles of linc-ROR in HCC metastasis and its underlying mechanisms remain fully unclear. In the present study, we showed that linc-ROR was upregulated in HCC tissues and high linc-ROR expression level predicted poor prognosis. Functionally, linc-ROR significantly induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and increased in vitro invasion and in vivo metastasis of HCC cells. Mechanistically, linc-ROR acted as a sponge for miR-145 to de-repress the expression of target gene ZEB2, thereby inducing EMT and promoting HCC metastasis. Collectively, our research indicates the potential of linc-ROR as a vital therapeutic target for the treatment of aggressive and metastatic HCC.
iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of the Inhibitory Effects of Polysaccharides from Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai on HepG2 Cells
Authors: Chai Yangyang , Zhao Min 
Published: June 2017

AbstractViscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai is one of active medicinal plants, and its active components, especially polysaccharides, have been shown to exhibit bioactivity. In this study, we examined the effects of three polysaccharide fractions from Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai on HepG2 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner by using a CCK-8 assay kit. Flow cytometry analysis showed that VCP2 treatment delayed the cell cycle in the G1 phase and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells, a result possibly due to the increased expression of p21Wafl/Cip1 and Cyclin D and the decreased expression of Cyclin E and CDK4. The increased expression of Bad, Smac and Caspase-3 and the decreased expression of Bcl-XL and XIAP may be some of the reasons for the induction of apoptosis in VCP2-treated HepG2 cells. Through iTRAQ and 2D-LC-MSMS, 113 and 198 differentially expressed proteins were identified in normal and VCP2-treated HepG2 and Caco2 cells. The mRNA and protein levels of Histone H3.1, Cytoskeletal 9 and Vitronectin agreed with iTRAQ proteomic results. GO, pathways and the PPI of differentially expressed proteins were further analyzed. These findings broaden the understanding of the anti-tumor mechanisms of mistletoe polysaccharides and provide new clues for screening proteins that are responsive to polysaccharides.
Increased Stability and Breakdown of Brain Effective Connectivity During Slow-Wave Sleep: Mechanistic Insights from Whole-Brain Computational Modelling
Authors: Jobst Beatrice M. , Hindriks Rikkert , Laufs Helmut , Tagliazucchi Enzo , Hahn Gerald , Ponce-Alvarez Adrián , Stevner Angus B. A. , Kringelbach Morten L. , Deco Gustavo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecent research has found that the human sleep cycle is characterised by changes in spatiotemporal patterns of brain activity. Yet, we are still missing a mechanistic explanation of the local neuronal dynamics underlying these changes. We used whole-brain computational modelling to study the differences in global brain functional connectivity and synchrony of fMRI activity in healthy humans during wakefulness and slow-wave sleep. We applied a whole-brain model based on the normal form of a supercritical Hopf bifurcation and studied the dynamical changes when adapting the bifurcation parameter for all brain nodes to best match wakefulness and slow-wave sleep. Furthermore, we analysed differences in effective connectivity between the two states. In addition to significant changes in functional connectivity, synchrony and metastability, this analysis revealed a significant shift of the global dynamic working point of brain dynamics, from the edge of the transition between damped to sustained oscillations during wakefulness, to a stable focus during slow-wave sleep. Moreover, we identified a significant global decrease in effective interactions during slow-wave sleep. These results suggest a mechanism for the empirical functional changes observed during slow-wave sleep, namely a global shift of the brain’s dynamic working point leading to increased stability and decreased effective connectivity.