bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prática extensionista e educação em saúde: percepção de docentes
Authors: Rodrigues Santana Régis , Célia de Almeida Pereira Santana Cristina , Benício da Costa Neto Sebastião , Chaves de Oliveira Ênio 
Published: September 2024

O presente trabalho reflete a extensão universitária enquanto um processo educativo e dinâmico. Objetivou-se conhecer a percepção de docentes acerca da ação de extensão para a formação profissional e promoção da saúde. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de campo descritiva e exploratória, com uma abordagem qualitativa realizada com 29 docentes de duas instituições de ensino. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de julho e agosto de 2019, por meio de um questionário. Para o tratamento dos dados adotou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo, por meio do método das cinco fases de análise. O software ATLAS.ti foi utilizado para auxiliar na construção de redes semânticas. A percepção dos docentes possibilitou considerar que a atuação da academia no seio da comunidade é uma estratégia positiva, constitui um recurso que permite a junção da teoria com a prática e favorece o aprimoramento do profissional para atuar na saúde. A inserção da academia também foi percebida como uma atividade favorecedora ao estímulo ao “cuidado de si”, um dos fundamentos de promoção da saúde. Como vulnerabilidades percebeu-se a necessidade de maior incentivo político e econômico nas instituições de ensino e motivação do corpo docente para otimizar o desenvolvimento de Projetos voltados à promoção da saúde. Considerou-se que a extensão universitária, apesar de sua relevância para o processo de ensino-aprendizado e para a promoção da saúde, ainda é percebida como um campo a ser explorado, incentivado e valorizado.
Investigation of Hepatozoon Canis Related Alterations in the Haemato Biochemical Profile of Dogs
Authors: Verma Sonika , Srivastava Mukesh Kumar , Tiwari Jitendra , Kumar Alok , Bhatt Shruti , Sachan Rupam , Raikwar Arpana , Singh Shveta 
Published: September 2024

Aims: Hepatozoonosis, caused by a protozoan parasite Hepatozoon canis, is important for canine health due to its ability to cause chronic, debilitating disease, and the challenges it presents in terms of diagnosis and management. The present study was conducted to see the effect of H. canis infection on various haematological and biochemical parameters as compared to the normal healthy dogs in order to understand the disease pattern and suspecting the disease.
Study Design: The clinically affected dogs that come to the veterinary hospital with symptoms of hepatozoonosis were included in the study. Haematological and biochemical parameters of dogs found positive for hepatozoonosis were analysed. The values of these parameters were subsequently compared to healthy animals in order to identify any significant difference caused by H. canis.
Place and Duration of Study: The studied was conducted at Department of Veterinary Medicine, DUVASU Mathura, India. Total 212 blood samples were collected from the dogs that were brought for the treatment in between February 2023 to March 2024.
Methodology: Total 212 dogs were included in the present study out of this 46 dogs were found positive with H. canis using PCR based molecular test. These positive animals were subjected to study the changes in biochemical parameters like blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate amino transferase, total leucocyte count, total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC), differential leucocyte count, platelet count and platelet indices (MPV, PDW) using autoanalyzer. Student's t-test in Graphpad Prism was used to compare these values to healthy animals.
Results: The study confirms that Hepatozoonosis leads to significant haematological and biochemical changes in dogs. Infected dogs have lower Hb, TEC, and PCV than healthy animals, indicating anaemia. Thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis were also observed in the infected animals. Non-significant differences in MCV, MCH, and MCHC indicate normocytic, normochromic anaemia. Anisocytosis and non-regenerative anaemia is indicated by significant RDW-CV increases with decrease in MCV values. Increased liver-specific enzymes like ALT, AST, and ALP and kidney-related enzymes like BUN and CRT suggest hepatic and renal involvement in disease pathophysiology.
Conclusion: In hepatozoonosis, haemato- biochemical parameters like non-regenerative anaemia. anisocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, low serum protein concentration and increased ALT, AST, ALP and BUN values may be used as non-specific biomarkers. The results can be used in making clinical decisions and monitoring therapeutic responses in cases of hepatozoonosis.
Examining the Influence of Familial Factors on Social Media Addiction and Mental Health of Emerging Adults: A Study in Karnataka, India
Authors: Yamini P. , Pujar Lata 
Published: September 2024

Aim: This study investigates the association of familial factors with social media addiction and mental health of emerging adults.
Study Design: A survey research design and random sampling technique was used.
Sample: Present study was conducted in the year 2020-21 in Dharwad district of Karnataka State, India Total study sample of the study comprised of 160 students. Around 80 students from two arts colleges studying I year and II year and eighty students from two science colleges studying in I year and II year were selected. Social media addiction tool by Tutgan and Deniz [1] was used to assess social media addiction and mental health inventory by Jagadish and Srivasthava [2] was used to assess mental health status. Results: Results indicated that type of family had significant association (\(\chi\)²= 29.07** and p value = 0.02) and difference (5.48**, p value = 0.01) with social media addiction and mental health of emerging adults. No influence of socio economic status was observed on social media addiction and mental health of emerging adults. Hence, there is a need to encourage parents to set screen time limits and engage in offline activities with their children can mitigate addiction by flexible work arrangements, and mental health resources can foster stronger family connections. Integrating digital literacy and online safety into university curricula can also empower emerging adults to manage social media addiction and protect their mental well-being.
Comparison of model land skin temperature with remotely sensed estimates and assessment of surface‐atmosphere coupling
Authors: Trigo I. F. , Boussetta S. , Viterbo P. , Balsamo G. , Beljaars A. , Sandu I. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe coupling between land surface and the atmosphere is a key feature in Earth System Modeling for exploiting the predictability of slowly evolving geophysical variables (e.g., soil moisture or vegetation state), and for correctly representing rapid variations within the diurnal cycle, particularly relevant in data assimilation applications. In this study, land surface temperature (LST) estimated from Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) is used to assess the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) skin temperature, which can be interpreted as a radiative temperature of the model surface. It is shown that the ECMWF model tends to slightly overestimate skin temperature during nighttime and underestimate daytime values. Such underestimation of daily amplitudes is particularly pronounced in (semiarid) arid regions, suggesting a misrepresentation of surface energy fluxes in those areas. The LST estimated from MSG is used to evaluate the impact of changes in some of the ECMWF model surface parameters. The introduction of more realistic model vegetation is shown to have a positive but limited impact on skin temperature: long integration leads to an equilibrium state where changes in the latent heat flux and soil moisture availability compensate each other. Revised surface roughness lengths for heat and momentum, however, lead to overall positive impact on daytime skin temperature, mostly due to a reduction of sensible heat flux. This is particularly relevant in nonvegetated areas, unaffected by model vegetation. The reduction of skin conductivity, a parameter which controls the heat transfer to ground by diffusion, is shown to further improve the model skin temperature.
A Nonstationary Standardized Precipitation Index incorporating climate indices as covariates
Authors: Li J. Z. , Wang Y. X. , Li S. F. , Hu R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMany drought indices were proposed to describe drought characteristics, but only few had considered environmental changes. In an attempt to incorporate climate change into meteorological drought index, a nonstationary Gamma distribution with climate indices as covariates was developed for fitting precipitation data and then used for calculating a Nonstationary Standardized Precipitation Index (NSPI) in this study. The performances of the NSPI were compared with those of the traditional Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), showing that the NSPI capable of taking climate variations into account is more robust than the traditional SPI. Focusing on the Luanhe River basin, historical drought events were described and assessed based on the NSPI and traditional SPI. Moreover, drought characteristics, including drought frequency, peak, duration, and magnitude, were calculated by using the two indices. The results in this study indicated that NSPI using climate indices as covariates could capture drought characteristics in the Luanhe River basin, and this new drought index provides a new concept for constructing the drought index that can effectively adapt to a changing environment.
The role of OH production in interpreting the variability of CH2O columns in the southeast U.S.
Authors: Valin L. C. , Fiore A. M. , Chance K. , González Abad G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFormaldehyde (CH2O), a key atmospheric oxidation intermediate that is detectable from satellite‐based UV/visible spectrometers, is primarily formed when hydroxyl radical (OH) reacts with volatile organic compounds (VOC) and is removed by photolysis, reaction with OH or deposition. We investigate the influence of OH and VOC variability on the CH2O column using a steady state model and the WRF‐Chem regional chemical transport model over the southeast United States for the summer of 2012 (June–August). The steady state model indicates that the CH2O column primarily depends on OH production rates (POH) at low concentrations of OH (<3 × 106 molecules cm−3), on both POH and VOC reactivity (VOCR: Σiki[VOC]i) at moderate concentrations of OH (3 × 106–7 × 106 molecules cm−3) and on VOCR at high concentrations of OH (>7 × 106 molecules cm−3). When constrained with WRF‐Chem values of boundary layer average POH and VOCR, the steady state model of CH2O explains most of the daily (r2 = 0.93) and average June–August (r2 = 0.97) spatial variance of the fully simulated cloud‐free CH2O column. These findings imply that measurements of the CH2O column offer the potential to better understand the processes affecting oxidation, particularly in remote regions, where OH concentrations are low. The findings also suggest that the inference of VOC emissions based on measurements of CH2O, or any other intermediate oxidation species with a photolytic lifetime that is short relative to removal by reaction with OH (e.g., glyoxal), should carefully account for the influence of OH on the observed pattern, especially where OH concentrations are below 5 × 106 molecules cm−3, as occurs in remote forests, where OH strongly varies, as occurs downwind of large nitrogen oxide (NOx: NO+NO2) emission sources, or where OH sources are potentially biased.
Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Liang Xinmiao , Shen Aijin , Guo Zhimou 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Chromatography is categorized after the type of mobile phase used, liquid, gas, or supercritical chromatography. Liquid chromatography is a very important separation method used in practically all chemistry fields. This chapter focuses on the basic theory necessary for a deeper understanding of the separation process. It covers new trends in liquid chromatography today. Analytical (linear) chromatography can be described by relatively simple models: injection of an
n
component mixture will give
n
Gaussian‐shaped peaks, which are more or less separated in the chromatogram. The chapter also focuses on analytical (linear) models assuming Gaussian peaks. It also talks about basic retention models and kinetics, band broadening and the plate height concept, sources of zone broadening, and dependence of zone broadening on flow rate. The new technique using small particles was given the name high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
LC
–
MS
Interfaces
Authors: Palma Pierangela , Pierini Elisabetta , Cappiello Achille 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) is a well‐established analytical technique (LC‐MS) that has opened the door to many challenging applications. This chapter focuses on the ionization process. The most commonly used interfaces and ion sources, as well as several new approaches, are discussed. The chapter explains the developments and improvements in the widely used API sources technology, including atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) and atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI). This phenomenon, peculiar to API, is commonly described as matrix effects (ME), and is responsible for either the suppression or the enhancement of the signal. Non‐API sources, such as direct EI and supersonic molecular beams (SMB) LC‐MS, are also explained. There is growing attention to the analysis of low molecular weight compounds, including nonpolar molecules that are difficult to ionize with the two mostly used API sources: electrospray interface (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI).
Solvents in Chromatography and Electrophoresis
Authors: Berthod Alain , Faure Karine 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Solvents are able to extract and/or dissolve chemicals while carrying them without modification. They are central to separation science. This chapter describes the physicochemical properties of the solvents used in liquid chromatography and a variety of less common chemicals that can be used as solvents in different separation processes. In chromatography, solvents are rarely used pure. Mixtures with water and/or other solvents are used. The physicochemical properties of the most commonly used water–methanol and water–acetonitrile mixtures are described introducing the concept of elution strength. Ternary‐phase diagrams give information of mixtures of three solvents. Their properties and use are briefly recalled. Ionizable compounds are very important in separation science. Their ionization state depends on their p
K
a
and on acidity of the solvating phase that is rarely pure water. The effect of organic modifiers on mobile‐phase acidity is tackled and illustrated with an example. A large table compiles the data for more than 100 chemicals possibly used as solvents.
pH
Effects on Chromatographic Retention Modes
Authors: Wiczling Paweł , Kubik Łukasz , Kaliszan Roman 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

The pH of a mobile phase is one of the most important parameters affecting retention of ionic analytes in reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). RP‐HPLC and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) can be used as a convenient tool for the analysis of ionizable analytes. The ionic analyte contains one or more acidic or basic functional groups in its molecular structure. Acidic compounds lose a proton as pH increases, whereas bases gain a proton as pH decreases The ionic analyte contains one or more acidic or basic functional groups in its molecular structure. for chromatographic retention, the presence of dissociated group(s) decreases analytes' hydrophobicity that leads to the lower retention of the dissociated form than that of the nondissociated form of an analyte. The chapter discusses effect of pH on Isocratic retention, pH effect on organic modifier gradients, pH gradient, and effect of pH in normal‐phase mode.
Immunoaffinity Chromatography: Advantages and Limitations
Authors: Thompson Nancy E. , Burgess Richard R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis chapter concentrates on immunoaffinity chromatography, where the goal is to purify a specific protein in a biologically active form, and the yield of the active protein is on the order of hundreds of micrograms to 1 milligram or more. It covers the following general areas of immunoaffinity chromatography: sources of antibodies, properties of antibodies for immunoaffinity chromatography, construction of an immunoaffinity matrix, a generalized immunoaffinity chromatography method, issues of nonspecific binding, the use of epitope tags, and recombinant antibodies. Antibodies of the IgG class are most commonly used for immunoaffinity chromatography. The chapter also addresses common questions arisen over the years, about immunoaffinity chromatography. Despite the specificity of immunoaffinity chromatography, contaminating proteins will often show up in the eluted target protein fraction. The future trend seems to be toward antibody‐like molecules and their selective binding using combinatorial libraries and mutagenesis of these molecules for selected properties.
Basic Overview on Gas Chromatography Injectors
Authors: Rahman Md. Musfiqur , Abd El‐Aty A.M. , Shim Jae‐Han 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe main purpose of this chapter is to give a basic overview on instrumentation as well as the basics of gas chromatography (GC) injectors, and it is mainly devoted to students and beginners in the field ofGC.
Basic Overview on Gas Chromatography Columns
Authors: Rahman Md. Musfiqur , Abd El‐Aty A.M. , Choi Jeong‐Heui , Shin Ho‐Chul , Shin Sung Chul , Shim Jae‐Han 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe main purpose of this chapter is to give a basic overview on the basic components of stationary phases/columns in gas chromatography (GC) for the benefit of students and beginners in the field ofGC.
Portable Gas Chromatography
Authors: Smith Philip A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Portable gas chromatography (
GC
) instruments are those that are used outside the laboratory, and both transportable and person‐portable types exist within the larger class. A transportable instrument requires external power and a vehicle for movement, while a person‐portable instrument may be operated on battery power with a self‐supplied carrier gas . Additionally, an arbitrary weight limit of 50 pounds (23 kg) has been used in the past to define a person‐portable
GC
instrument that allows for movement by a single individual. Historically, the capabilities of transportable GC instruments have reflected those of contemporary laboratory gear, while power constraints imposed by battery operation have caused the performance of person‐portable
GC
instruments to suffer. However, recent advances in column heating technology have improved the capabilities of portable
GC
instruments in both categories, and analysis completed outside of the laboratory is increasingly relied on to answer questions related to industrial processes, material composition, military and homeland defense against terrorism, and workplace and environmental health and safety. The developments that led to the widespread adoption of open tubular fused silica columns in the 1980s, primarily for chromatographic performance, coincidentally made this important
GC
component strong and lightweight. Also, the low thermal mass of an open tubular
GC
column allows temperature program analysis using relatively little power if heating may be limited mostly to the column itself, and within the past 10 years the idea of resistive column heating to complete rapid temperature program analysis has led to the commercial availability of very small column assemblies based on this heating approach. Using such a column assembly , aggressive temperature ramp rates are possible even when an instrument is operated using battery power, and the resulting rapid analysis speeds improve the ability to quickly complete
GC
analyses in the field. With the advent of commercially available resistive column heating, temperature ramping is now routine for newer person‐portable instruments and the performance of transportable instruments can in many ways exceed that of traditional laboratory gear. In addition to the developments in portable
GC
that have resulted from the incorporation of open tubular columns in resistively heated modules,
GC
components based on microelectromechanical systems (
MEMS
), particularly the use of micromachining of silicon, has led to new types of components in the field of “micro
GC
” (µ
GC
). Historical context and some implications of the possibility to create low‐cost batch produced µ
GC
components are discussed for this developing field. Discussion is also provided regarding available solventless sample introduction methods to support analysis by portable
GC
, including sorbent sampling for thermal desorption, solid‐phase microextraction, and the use of needle trap sampling devices.
Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography
Authors: Iadarola Paolo , Fumagalli Marco , Viglio Simona 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

After a concise introduction of
MEKC
(Section 8.1), the fundamentals of the technique are described in Section 8.2 of this Chapter that, as by authors' intention, should focus reader's attention on the most important parameters influencing resolution and sensitivity in
MEKC
. An overview of different classes of pseudostationary phases and of theoretical/practical approaches that may be explored in the routine laboratory practice to improve both resolution and sensitivity are presented in Sections 8.3 and 8.4, respectively. The most widely used detection systems will be discussed in Section 8.5 while Section 8.6 is dedicated to novelties and trends in this area. The last Section of the Chapter (Section 8.7) will provide the reader a variety of
MEKC
applications on real samples, spanning from biological fluids to pharmaceutical forms and food.
Chip‐Based Capillary Electrophoresis
1
Authors: Xu Yuanhong , Zhang Jizhen , Liu Jingquan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

This chapter gives an overview of chip‐based capillary electrophoresis (
CE
). It includes the factors such as the substrate materials, fabrication technologies, surface modification methods, injection methods, detection techniques, and so on, which influence the performance of the chip‐based
CE
. Moreover, the applications of the chip‐based
CE
are also summarized. In addition, future developments in the related research field have also been discussed.
Chiral Separations by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Sánchez‐López E. , Castro‐Puyana M. , Marina M.L. , Crego A.L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

The enantiomeric separation of chiral compounds is nowadays a promising topic in analytical sciences.
CE
is considered as a well‐established tool to perform chiral separations of a wide range of analytes in different research fields such as pharmaceutical, food and chemical industries, and clinical and environmental laboratories. Due to its numerous advantages such as high efficiency, simplicity, and low consumption of reagents, chiral selectors, and samples,
CE
plays an important role in the separation of enantiomers. Advantages and limitations of the different
CE
modes are displayed in the present chapter, discussing their possibilities and the actual trends. Hyphenation with
MS
detection is also discussed, highlighting the potential of this coupling as well as its weaknesses and, the most commonly used strategies to minimize its drawbacks. Most recent and relevant applications of chiral
CE
are summarized and illustrated with tables including the analysis of pharmaceutical, biological, and environmental samples, food and beverages, and agrochemicals. Finally, concluding remarks and future trends are also included describing the actual state of the art and challenges of chiral
CE
techniques.