bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved nutrition cues switch from efficiency to luxury phenotypes for a long‐lived ungulate
Authors: Michel Eric S. , Flinn Emily B. , Demarais Stephen , Strickland Bronson K. , Wang Guiming , Dacus Chad M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCervid phenotype can be categorized as efficiency, which promotes survival but not extravagant growth, or luxury which promotes growth of large weaponry and body size. Although nutritional variation greatly influences these phenotypic forms, the potential for subspecies‐linked genetic or founder effects from restocking efforts of harvested species has not been eliminated. We measured intergenerational phenotypic change of males in response to improved nutrition in three captive‐reared populations of white‐tailed deer. Study animals were offspring of females captured from three regions displaying variation in antler and body size as well as nutritional variation. We fed all animals a high‐quality diet and measured antler and body size for two generations. We predicted that improved long‐term nutrition would cue a switch from efficiency to luxury phenotype for all populations and that regional compensation of antler and body size would occur. Improved nutrition positively influenced all measures of antler and body size; however, changes varied in magnitude. Antler size was more responsive than body size. Improved nutrition also facilitated regional compensation of antler size and partial compensation of body size. Our results show that improved long‐term nutrition cues a shift from efficiency to luxury phenotype in a long‐lived cervid with weaponry being more responsive than body size. Compensation of antler size suggests that weaponry is greatly influenced by nutrition and is not restricted by subspecies‐linked genetic or founder effects from restocking efforts related to our regional populations. Therefore, strategies to improve cervid antler and body size should include habitat management that elevates long‐term diet quality.
Cathodal transcranial direct‐current stimulation for treatment of drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zoghi Maryam , O'Brien Terence J. , Kwan Patrick , Cook Mark J. , Galea Mary , Jaberzadeh Shapour 
Published: September 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate the effect of cathodal transcranial direct‐current stimulation (c‐tDCS) on seizure frequency in patients with drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).MethodTwenty‐nine patients with drug‐resistant TLE participated in this study. They were randomized to experimental or sham group. Twenty participants (experimental group) received within‐session repeated c‐tDCS intervention over the affected temporal lobe, and nine (sham group) received sham tDCS. Paired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) in primary motor cortex ipsilateral to the affected temporal lobe. SICI was measured from motor evoked potentials recorded from the contralateral first dorsal interosseous muscle. Adverse effects were monitored during and after each intervention in both groups. A seizure diary was given to each participant to complete for 4 weeks following the tDCS intervention. The mean response ratio was calculated from their seizure rates before and after the tDCS intervention.ResultsThe experimental group showed a significant increase in SICI compared to the sham group (F = 10.3, p = 0.005). None of the participants reported side effects of moderate or severe degree. The mean response ratio in seizure frequency was −42.14% (standard deviation [SD] 35.93) for the experimental group and −16.98% (SD 52.41) for the sham group.SignificanceResults from this pilot study suggest that tDCS may be a safe and efficacious nonpharmacologic intervention for patients with drug‐resistant TLE. Further evaluation in larger double‐blind randomized controlled trials is warranted.
High efficiency thin‐film amorphous silicon solar cells
Authors: Ghahremani Ahmadreza , Fathy Aly E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEnhancing light absorption within thin film amorphous silicon (a‐Si) solar cells should lead to higher efficiency. This improvement is typically done using various light trapping techniques such as utilizing textured back reflectors for pronounced light scattering within the cell thus achieving higher absorption. It is believed that embedding metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) inside the structure could increase light scattering. However, embedding MNPs can also cause significant structure defects and pronounced efficiency drop as well – it has been indicated by many experiments that disproved this belief. In search of ways to improve efficiency, we have investigated the impact of MNP's size, and location within the solar cell, in addition to the effect of defects, and doping levels on the overall efficiency. On the basis of our 3D multiphysics (optical‐electric) modeling, we developed a design guideline for embedding these MNPs and reducing the impact of defects created in the embedding process. The results of simulations were compared to relevant measured data, and it showed a good agreement. Subsequently, models were used to predict performance, and over 30% improvement in solar cell efficiency (~13% is predicted); which is beyond the state of the art. This was predicted by optimizing the size and location of the MNPs and tailoring the doping levels to have better forward light trapping and absorption.
Biogeomorphology: diverse, integrative and useful
Authors: Coombes Martin A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBiogeomorphology is an umbrella term given to a highly‐active research area within geomorphology that focusses on the many and varied interactions and feedbacks between organisms and the physical Earth. In the last 25 years this interest has developed and diversified to include the direct and indirect influences of microorganisms, plants, animals and humans on earth surface processes and landform dynamics, and the roles of geomorphology in ecological functioning, resilience and evolution. This Commentary introduces a virtual special issue of 16 research papers and three ‘State of Science’ pieces, illustrating the diversity of the field, its continued theoretical and conceptual progression, and the applied relevance of biogeomorphological science in tackling environmental problems. Collectively, these papers demonstrate the merits of – and opportunities for – biogeomorphology as an inherently integrative science in understanding and managing the complexity of living landscapes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recovery of D‐limonene through moderate temperature extraction and pyrolytic products from orange peels
Authors: Negro Viviana , Ruggeri Bernardo , Mancini Giuseppe , Fino Debora 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDD‐limonene, a high‐value added molecule found in the flavedo of orange peels (about 0.7% w/w), is used in the nutritional, pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. An accelerated moderate temperature extraction was investigated in order to recover D‐limonene. Furthermore, the residue from the extraction was used for energy recovery through the pyrolysis process.RESULTSThe proposed extractive process was able to recover D‐limonene up to 0.48 ± 0.002% w/w (on a wet basis) from orange peels at the highest investigated temperature (130 °C for 60 min). The residual matrix was then subjected to a dehydration step, which was carried out at room temperature for 10 days, in order to decrease the moisture from the porous surface, and then to a pyrolysis process. The average chemical energy recovery efficiency (91% ± 0.04) suggested that the thermochemical process is suitable for biofuel production.CONCLUSIONOrange peels can be exploited for the recovery of an important bio‐product and the residue can be used as feedstock for biofuels. This work has confirmed that accelerated extraction is more efficient than Soxhlet extraction (more than 68% w/w against 37% w/w of total D‐limonene, respectively), and that a pyrolysis process can be successfully performed on the residue. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Early, focal changes in cartilage cellularity and structure following surgically induced meniscal destabilization in the mouse
Authors: David Michael A. , Smith Melanie K. , Pilachowski Rachael N. , White Avery T. , Locke Ryan C. , Price Christopher 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTPost‐traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is an accelerated form of osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration affecting approximately 20–50% of patients experiencing joint injury. Currently PTOA is incurable; to better understand the etiology of PTOA and to develop rational anti‐osteoarthritic therapies, it is critical to understand the spatiotemporal initiation and the progression of PTOA. In this study, we employed semi‐quantitative histological scoring and quantitative damage analysis to examine disease progression in the murine destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model of PTOA from early (3 days) through late‐ (112 days) disease timepoints. We observed significant, progressive articular cartilage (AC) cellular, and structural changes in the medial compartments of injured joints as early as 3 days. Spatially within the joint, cartilage damage (erosions) were observed anteriorly at 84 days. Furthermore, a drastic loss in chondrocyte number (by 3 days), surface damage (at 7 days), and cartilage erosion (at 84 days) was found to co‐localize to the specific region of the medial tibial plateau AC that experienced a change in meniscal coverage due to meniscal extrusion following DMM. Taken together, these results suggest that DMM‐mediated extrusion of the medial meniscus leads to rapid, spatially dependent changes in AC cellularity and structure, and precipitates the focal degeneration of cartilage associated with PTOA. Importantly, this study suggests that joint instability injuries may trigger immediate (<3 days) processes within a small population of chondrocytes that directs the initiation and progression of PTOA, and that development of chondroprotective strategies for preventing and/or delaying PTOA‐related cartilage degeneration are best targeted toward these immediately early processes following joint injury. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:537–547, 2017.
Development of pea protein‐based bioplastics with antimicrobial properties
Authors: Perez‐Puyana Víctor , Felix Manuel , Romero Alberto , Guerrero Antonio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the present work, bioplastics from renewable polymers were studied in order to reduce the huge generation of plastic wastes, causing an environmental problem that continues owing to the increasing demand for plastic products.RESULTSBioplastics with much better antimicrobial properties, in particular against Gram‐positive bacteria, were obtained with the addition of nisin to the initial protein/plasticizer mixture. However, the addition of nisin produces more rigid but less deformable bioplastics (higher Young's modulus but lower strain at break).CONCLUSIONThe results obtained are useful to demonstrate the antimicrobial properties of pea protein‐based bioplastics by adding nisin and make them suitable as potential candidates to replace conventional plastics in food packaging. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of peptides from common bean protein isolates and their potential to inhibit markers of type‐2 diabetes, hypertension and oxidative stress
Authors: Mojica Luis , Luna‐Vital Diego A , González de Mejía Elvira 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiabetes and hypertension are diseases affecting a high proportion of the world population; the use of food‐based products such as common bean peptides may contribute to reduce the risk of complications associated to chronic diseases. The aim was to produce and characterize peptides from common bean protein isolates and evaluate their potential to inhibit markers of type‐2 diabetes, hypertension and oxidative stress.RESULTSMexican black and Brazilian Carioca bean isolated proteins were characterized after pepsin/pancreatin digestion. Also, four synthesized pure peptides, originally found in these beans, were evaluated. Bean protein digests and pure peptides exerted dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) inhibition (IC50 = 0.03–0.87 mg dry weight (DW) mL−1). Lineweaver–Burk plots and computational modeling showed competitive inhibition of DPP‐IV. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition ranged from IC50 = 0.09 to 0.99 mg DW mL−1, and α‐glucosidase inhibition ranged from 36.3 to 50.1% mg−1 DW. Carioca Perola bean digested proteins presented the highest antioxidant capacity (269.3 mmol L−1 Trolox equivalent g−1 DW) as the peptide KTYGL (P > 0.05) with the most potent DPP‐IV and ACE inhibition.CONCLUSIONPeptides from common bean have antidiabetic and antihypertensive potential regardless of their antioxidant capacity. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic variation near IRS1 is associated with adiposity and a favorable metabolic profile in U.S.Hispanics/Latinos
Authors: Qi Qibin , Gogarten Stephanie M. , Emery Leslie S. , Louie Tin , Stilp Adrienne , Cai Jianwen , Schneiderman Neil , Avilés‐Santa M. Larissa , Kaplan Robert C. , North Kari E. , Laurie Cathy C. , Loos Ruth J.F. , Isasi Carmen R. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveAssociations of IRS1 genetic variation with adiposity and metabolic profile in U.S. Hispanic/Latino individuals of diverse backgrounds were examined.MethodsPreviously genome‐wide association study‐identified IRS1 variants (rs2943650, rs2972146, rs2943641, and rs2943634) as related to body fat percentage (BF%) and multiple metabolic traits were tested among up to 12,730 adults (5,232 men; 7,515 women) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.ResultsThe C‐allele (frequency = 26%) of rs2943650 was significantly associated with higher BF% overall (β = 0.34 ± 0.11% per allele; P = 0.002) and in women (β = 0.41 ± 0.14% per C‐allele; P = 0.003), but not in men (β = 0.28 ± 0.18% per C‐allele; P = 0.11), though there was no significant sex difference. Using the inverse normal‐transformed data to compare effect sizes, it was found that the association with BF% was stronger in Hispanic/Latino women than that previously reported in European women (β = 0.054 ± 0.018SD vs. β = 0.008 ± 0.011SD per C‐allele; P = 0.03). The BF%‐increasing allele of rs2943650 was significantly associated with lower levels of fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c, and triglycerides and higher high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study confirmed and extended previous findings of IRS1 variation associated with increased adiposity but a favorable metabolic profile in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos, with a relatively stronger genetic effect on BF% in Hispanic/Latino women compared with European women.
High‐fat diet‐induced downregulation of anorexic leukemia inhibitory factor in the brain stem
Authors: Licursi Maria , Alberto Christian O. , Dias Alex , Hirasawa Kensuke , Hirasawa Michiru 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveHigh‐fat diet (HFD) is known to induce low‐grade hypothalamic inflammation. Whether inflammation occurs in other brain areas remains unknown. This study tested the effect of short‐term HFD on cytokine gene expression and identified leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) as a responsive cytokine in the brain stem. Thus, functional and cellular effects of LIF in the brain stem were investigated.MethodsMale rats were fed chow or HFD for 3 days, and then gene expression was analyzed in different brain regions for IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and LIF. The effect of intracerebroventricular injection of LIF on chow intake and body weight was also tested. Patch clamp recording was performed in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS).ResultsHFD increased pontine TNF‐α mRNA while downregulating LIF in all major parts of the brain stem, but not in the hypothalamus or hippocampus. LIF injection into the cerebral aqueduct suppressed food intake without conditioned taste aversion, suggesting that LIF can induce anorexia via lower brain regions without causing malaise. In the NTS, a key brain stem nucleus for food intake regulation, LIF induced acute changes in neuronal excitability.ConclusionsHFD‐induced downregulation of anorexic LIF in the brain stem may provide a permissive condition for HFD overconsumption. This may be at least partially mediated by the NTS.
Maintaining mental health and function for the long run in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Smith Beth A. , Georgiopoulos Anna M. , Quittner Alexandra L. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryResearch shows that individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their families experience significant emotional morbidity. In addition to distress, worry, and grief, high rates of clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety have been found in both individuals with CF and parents. These disorders have a major impact on the person's functioning, and that of their family, and adversely impact the capacity to cope with the burden of CF and adhere to prescribed treatments. Despite growing recognition that mental health care is an essential component of comprehensive CF care, evidence suggests many patients and their families do not receive needed support and mental health interventions. Clinical practice guidelines for screening and treating depression and anxiety in individuals with CF have been developed by The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and the European Cystic Fibrosis Society in response to this need. This review highlights that the optimum care for individuals with CF and their families incorporates mental health in routine CF care. Addressing mental health could substantially improve physical and mental health outcomes and the functioning of individuals with CF and their families. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:S71–S78. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toward cost‐effective replica placements in cloud storage systems with QoS‐awareness
Authors: Zeng Lingfang , Xu Shijie , Wang Yang , Kent Kenneth B. , Bremner David , Xu Chengzhong 
Published: September 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a simulation model to study real‐world replication workflows for cloud storage systems. With this model, we present three new methods to maximize the storage space usage during replica creation, and two novel QoS aware greedy algorithms for replica placement optimization. By using a simulation method, our algorithms are evaluated, through a comparison with the existing placement algorithms, to show that (i) a more evenly distributed replicas for a data set can be achieved by using round‐robin methods in replica creation phase and (ii) the two proposed greedy algorithms, named GS_QoS and GS_QoS_C1, not only have more economical results than those from Chen et al., but also guarantee the QoS for clients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role hazard between supply chain partners in an institutionally fragmented market
Authors: Dong Maggie Chuoyan , Ju Min , Fang Yulin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA major challenge to supply chain management in emerging markets is the relational coordination problem arising from variations in sub‐national institutions in which partners are situated. This study investigates role hazard, a critical yet understudied relational coordination problem. Drawing on role and institutional theories, we examine role ambiguity and role conflict as two facets of role hazard between buyer and supplier, their institutional source, performance outcomes, and firms’ action alignment mechanisms as potential remedies. A dyadic survey of buyers and suppliers in China reveals that both role ambiguity and role conflict can result from sub‐national institutional distance and jeopardize supply chain performance. The results also suggest that supply chain partners in different sub‐national institutions can mitigate role hazard through continuous information sharing and dynamic adaptation. This study provides novel insights into how buyers and suppliers can enhance their relational coordination in emerging markets by reducing role hazard caused by sub‐national institutional distance.
Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Transgender Women Receiving Oral Estradiol
Authors: Arnold Justin D. , Sarkodie Eleanor P. , Coleman Megan E. , Goldstein Deborah A. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionOne of the most serious known adverse effects of feminizing cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT) is venous thromboembolism (VTE); however, no study has assessed the incidence of VTE from the hormone therapies used in the United States because previous publications on this topic have originated in Europe. CSHT in the United States typically includes estradiol with the antiandrogen spironolactone, whereas in Europe estradiol is prescribed with the progestin cyproterone acetate.AimTo estimate the incidence of VTE from the standard feminizing CSHTs used in the United States.MethodsA retrospective chart review of transgender women who had been prescribed oral estradiol at a District of Columbia community health center was performed.Main Outcome MeasureThe primary outcomes of interest were deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary emboli.ResultsFrom January 1, 2008 through March 31, 2016, 676 transgender women received oral estradiol-based CSHT for a total of 1,286 years of hormone treatment and a mean of 1.9 years of CSHT per patient. Only one individual, or 0.15% of the population, sustained a VTE, for an incidence of 7.8 events per 10,000 person-years.ConclusionThere was a low incidence of VTE in this population of transgender women receiving oral estradiol.
Hidden diversity in Thyridaria and a new circumscription of the Thyridariaceae
Authors: Jaklitsch W.M. , Voglmayr H. 
Published: September 2016

A multigene analysis of a combined ITS-LSU-SSU-rpb2-tef1 sequence data matrix was applied to infer the phylogenetic position of the genus Thyridaria in the Pleosporales. The generic type of Thyridaria, T. broussonetiae (syn. T. incrustans),
is situated in a clade currently named Roussoellaceae, which becomes a synonym of Thyridariaceae. However, Thyridaria rubronotata does not belong to this clade, but is here recognised as Cyclothyriella rubronotata in its own family Cyclothyriellaceae. The
Thyridariaceae contain the genera Thyridaria, Roussoella, Roussoellopsis, Neoroussoella and the new genus Parathyridaria. Roussoella acaciae is combined in Thyridaria and Roussoella percutaenea in Parathyridaria. Ohleria
modesta and an additional new thyridaria-like genus, Hobus, are found to represent isolated lineages with unresolved phylogenetic affinites within the Pleosporales. For Ohleria the new family Ohleriaceae is established. Melanomma fuscidulum belongs to Nigrograna,
and three new species are described in this genus. A strain named Biatriospora marina clusters with Nigrograna. Based on the newly recognised species in Nigrograna, morphology and ecology do in no way correlate among these genera, therefore we erect the new family Nigrogranaceae
for Nigrograna and recommend to discontinue the use of the family name Biatriosporaceae until fresh material of B. marina becomes available for sequencing.