bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Soil Resistance to Driving in Carbonate Sand
Authors: Mahmoud Moataz Abd ElRahman 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Soil Resistance to Driving (SRD) has been recognized as a consideration to be studied for the purpose of offshore pile foundation driveability assessment. Since its establishment in 1982 and until now, Robert Stevens approach has been widely utilized for the SRD prediction in fixed offshore structures located in different soil types including the carbonate sand.
During the engineering of one of the fixed platforms in offshore Egypt (Helal platform), adopting Stevens carbonate sand model in 102 m penetration pile, the driveability analysis revealed the need to a hammer with extreme high energy and weight, where the real behavior during installation was different. As a result of this experience, a bench mark study was conducted for eight platforms founded on carbonate sand in different locations in offshore Egypt with available pile field driving reports. Wave equation driveability analyses were carried out based on Stevens SRD model (Stevens' four cases) by GRL-Weap 2010 (Offshore version) software. Then the results were compared to the real driving records for those locations.
In the eight locations, the results uncovered the fact that the Stevens based predicted blow counts are much higher than the recorded ones. And it was found that in most of the cases the analyses output showed potential premature refusal whilst the real records showed that the target penetrations were achieved smoothly. Furthermore, in most of the cases actual driving hammer energy was found dramatically less than the hammer energy required by the Stevens analysis which in turn leads to a substantial over sizing in the pile section, the hammer and the installation cost. Bearing in mind what is recommended by the API-RP2A to reduce the limiting values of the carbonate sand static resistance, a series of trials was conducted to evolve a new carbonate sand model from Stevens' considering reduced soil resistance values. Eventually, a new model was reached that showed great consistency between the predicted SRD and the actual recorded ones.
This paper elaborates how effective is implementing the new approach to the offshore installation industry from the engineering perspective, as it optimizes the pile section and makeup. This is in addition to the construction and management perspectives, as it could significantly reduce the installation time and cost on one hand and relax the requirement of qualified hammers by widening the range of hammers selection on the other hand.
Although the proposed method are found to be suitable for the selected locations considered in this study, it should be noted that the results of the back-analyses in the current study may be affected by the inherent uncertainty pertaining to the adoption of default hammer properties or applied hammer energy necessitated by the unavailability of instrumented data. Hence, the applicability of the proposed method at other location with similar soil conditions should be further verified using site specific instrumented pile monitoring data.
Decommissioning of High Torque Threaded Drilling Riser at World Record Break Out Torques of 257,000 ft-lbs
Authors: Chang B. T , Galbreath A. , Boyd R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Current deepwater activities within Asia demand the introduction of new technology to meet customer's challenges. Operators with deepwater threaded riser applications face high torque connections of exotic grade, non-API size tubulars and heavy string weights, amongst other challenges. With the associated high cost, connection integrity with emphasis on safety, operational efficiency gains, accuracy and reliability while ensuring cost savings is essential.
Threaded, ultra-high torque specialty drilling riser further pushes the limits of tubular running technology with both torque and non-marking handling requirements.
An Asia first was recently achieved on Murphy's Kikeh Spar where 16.77" drilling riser was decommissioned with an engineered, custom designed, mechanized, hands-free system that meets API standards, exceeding client's requirements on penetration of tubular body and cold work over a producing facility as well as overcoming the challenges posed by the rig's limitations of weight and size of the tong and associated handling equipment.
Connections with torque in excess of 257,000 ft.lbs (a world record with fully rotational power tong in field operation) were broken out and laid down with a non-marking handling system; safely and two days ahead of schedule with estimated savings of USD 2M.
This paper will discuss (1) engagement with Client and Rig on requirements and limitations. Collaboration between Global and Regional teams in meeting Client's timeline and requirement while overcoming rig's limitation (2) meeting the challenges with customized, engineered solutions that meet industrial standards (3) pre-qualification of systems for penetration and torque (4) provision of complete cold work decommissioning solution to prepare against uncertainties in pulling a riser which was operational for the last eight years (5) overriding focus on cost and time savings to increase efficiency in a challenging market.
HP/HT Flowline Lateral Buckling and Walking Design for 40 Year Design Life
Authors: Sicilia Carlos , Khalkho Ravi , Russell Graeme 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Lateral buckling and pipeline walking are two of the key aspects in the design of HPHT flowlines. This paper presents the design methodology and the mitigation measures developed for the production flowlines in the Ichthys Gas Field.
Lateral buckling is mitigated using a controlled buckling approach, with buckle initiator sleepers at regular spacing. Pipeline walking is mitigated by introducing additional axial restraint at the points in between the sleepers using concrete mattresses.
Oxidative potential of ambient water-soluble PM2.5 in the southeastern United States: contrasts in sources and health associations between ascorbic acid (AA) and dithiothreitol (DTT) assays
Authors: Fang Ting , Verma Vishal , Bates Josephine T. , Abrams Joseph , Klein Mitchel , Strickland Matthew J. , Sarnat Stefanie E. , Chang Howard H. , Mulholland James A. , Tolbert Paige E. , Russell Armistead G. , Weber Rodney J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The ability of certain components of particulate matter to induce oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo may be one mechanism accounting for observed linkages between ambient aerosols and adverse health outcomes. A variety of assays have been used to measure this so-called aerosol oxidative potential. We developed a semi-automated system to quantify oxidative potential of filter aqueous extracts utilizing the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay and report here the development of a similar semi-automated system for the ascorbic acid (AA) assay. Approximately 500 PM2.5 filter samples collected in contrasting locations in the southeastern US were analyzed for a host of aerosol species, along with AA and DTT activities. We present a detailed contrast in findings from these two assays. Water-soluble AA activity was higher in summer and fall than in winter, with highest levels near heavily trafficked highways, whereas DTT activity was higher in winter compared to summer and fall and more spatially homogeneous. AA activity was nearly exclusively correlated with water-soluble Cu (r  =  0.70–0.94 at most sites), whereas DTT activity was correlated with organic and metal species. Source apportionment models, positive matrix factorization (PMF) and a chemical mass balance method with ensemble-averaged source impact profiles (CMB-E), suggest a strong contribution from traffic emissions and secondary processes (e.g., organic aerosol oxidation or metals mobilization by secondary acids) to both AA and DTT activities in urban Atlanta. In contrast, biomass burning was a large source for DTT activity, but insignificant for AA. AA activity was not correlated with PM2.5 mass, while DTT activity co-varied strongly with mass (r  =  0.49–0.86 across sites and seasons). Various linear models were developed to estimate AA and DTT activities for the central Atlanta Jefferson Street site, based on the CMB-E sources. The models were then used to estimate daily oxidative potential at this site over the 1998–2009 period. Time series epidemiological analyses were conducted to assess daily emergency department (ED) visits data for the five-county Atlanta metropolitan area based on the estimated 10-year backcast oxidative potential. Estimated AA activity was not statistically associated with any tested health outcome, while DTT activity was associated with ED visits for both asthma or wheeze and congestive heart failure. The findings point to the importance of both organic components and transition metals from biomass burning and mobile sources to adverse health outcomes in this region.
A new plant chamber facility, PLUS, coupled to the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR
Authors: Hohaus T. , Kuhn U. , Andres S. , Kaminski M. , Rohrer F. , Tillmann R. , Wahner A. , Wegener R. , Yu Z. , Kiendler-Scharr A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. A new PLant chamber Unit for Simulation (PLUS) for use with the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction Chamber) has been built and characterized at the Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany. The PLUS chamber is an environmentally controlled flow-through plant chamber. Inside PLUS the natural blend of biogenic emissions of trees is mixed with synthetic air and transferred to the SAPHIR chamber, where the atmospheric chemistry and the impact of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) can be studied in detail. In PLUS all important environmental parameters (e.g., temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), soil relative humidity (RH)) are well controlled. The gas exchange volume of 9.32 m3 which encloses the stem and the leaves of the plants is constructed such that gases are exposed to only fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon film and other Teflon surfaces to minimize any potential losses of BVOCs in the chamber. Solar radiation is simulated using 15 light-emitting diode (LED) panels, which have an emission strength up to 800 µmol m−2 s−1. Results of the initial characterization experiments are presented in detail. Background concentrations, mixing inside the gas exchange volume, and transfer rate of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through PLUS under different humidity conditions are explored. Typical plant characteristics such as light- and temperature- dependent BVOC emissions are studied using six Quercus ilex trees and compared to previous studies. Results of an initial ozonolysis experiment of BVOC emissions from Quercus ilex at typical atmospheric concentrations inside SAPHIR are presented to demonstrate a typical experimental setup and the utility of the newly added plant chamber.
Retrospective Study of 122 Dogs That Were Treated with the Antifibrinolytic Drug Aminocaproic Acid: 2010–2012
Authors: Davis Megan , Bracker Kiko 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Antifibrinolytic drugs are used to promote hemostasis and decrease the need for red blood cell transfusion. Medical records of 122 dogs that were prescribed either oral or intravenous aminocaproic acid between 2010 and 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. Of the 122 dogs, three experienced possible drug-related adverse effects. No significant differences were identified between dogs that experienced adverse effects and those that did not and the possible adverse effects noted were all minor. All dogs that received packed red blood cell transfusions were evaluated for correlations between baseline packed cell volume or dose of red blood cells and aminocaproic acid dose and no correlation was identified. Dogs that received aminocaproic acid as a treatment for active bleeding were divided by cause of hemorrhage into the following groups: neoplastic, non-neoplastic, and unknown. No significant differences in aminocaproic acid dose or the percentage of patients requiring a blood transfusion were identified between groups.
Canine Osteosarcoma Treated by Post-Amputation Sequential Accelerated Doxorubicin and Carboplatin Chemotherapy: 38 Cases
Authors: Frimberger Angela E. , Chan Catherine M. , Moore Antony S. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTCanine appendicular osteosarcoma is an important clinical problem in veterinary medicine. Current standard therapy includes amputation followed by chemotherapy, which improves outcomes; however the percentage of long-term survival is still relatively low at 15–20%. Established prognostic factors include serum alkaline phosphatase level, histologic grade, and lymphocyte and monocyte counts. We used a protocol with shorter inter-treatment intervals than standard, but which we expected to still be well-tolerated, based on drugs known to be active agents, with the aim of improving outcomes by increasing dose intensity. Thirty-eight dogs with confirmed appendicular osteosarcoma and no pulmonary metastases that underwent amputation followed by this chemotherapy protocol were retrospectively evaluated. The median survival time was 317 days and 1- and 2-yr survival percentages were 43.2% and 13.9%, respectively. Toxicity was comparable to that seen with other standard dose protocols, with 5.2% of dogs hospitalized for complications that resolved with supportive care and no chemotherapy-related mortality. Serum alkaline phosphatase level (normal or high) (p = 0.004) and whether or not chemotherapy was completed (p = 0.001) were found to significantly impact survival time on multivariate analysis. Outcomes were similar to those reported with most other published chemotherapy protocols for dogs with this disease.
Use of Cystoscopy to Visualize Morphological Alteration of the Liver in a Posthatchling Turtle (Cuora trifasciata)
Authors: Di Girolamo Nicola , Melidone Raffaele , Catania Salvatore , Nardini Giordano , Selleri Paolo 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
A 55 g, 7 mo old Chinese three-striped box turtle (Cuora trifasciata) was presented with a 2 wk history of lethargy and anorexia. The owner attempted various antibiotic treatments without clinical improvement. A cystoscopic evaluation of the coelom was performed. The liver appeared dark red-to-brown presenting multifocal irregularly shaped white-to-tan and roughly round areas of discoloration on the capsular surface. An adult keeled box turtle (Pyxidea mouhotii), which died in the same facility at the same time, had similar hepatic lesions detected upon necropsy. From hepatic lesions, an antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli was isolated. Antibiotic treatment based on sensitivity testing led to a rapid resolution of the clinical signs in the Cuora trifasciata, with gain of appetite 4 days after the first antibiotic administration. A recheck cystoscopy demonstrated macroscopic resolution of hepatic lesions. This report demonstrates, to the best of the authors' knowledge, for the first time the clinical usefulness of cystoscopy for the diagnostic evaluation of the coelom of small chelonians. This minimally invasive technique is a valuable clinical tool in the medical approach to posthatchling chelonians.
Outcome Following Surgical Correction of Grade 4 Medial Patellar Luxation in Dogs: 47 Stifles (2001–2012)
Authors: Hans Eric C. , Kerwin Sharon C. , Elliott Alan C. , Butler Ryan , Saunders W. Brian , Hulse Don A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTGrade 4/4 medial patellar luxation (MPL) is a complex disease of the canine stifle that often requires surgical realignment of the patella to resolve clinical lameness. Outcome following surgery remains poorly described. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for surgical correction of grade 4 MPL. Signalment and exam findings, surgical procedures performed, complications, and clinical outcome were reported. Data was statistically analyzed for association with major complication occurrence and unacceptable function following surgery. Forty-seven stifles from 41 dogs were included. The surgical procedures most frequently utilized for patellar realignment were the combination of femoral trochleoplasty, tibial tuberosity transposition, and joint capsule modification. Median in-hospital veterinary examination was performed at 69 days (range 30–179 days) following surgery. Full function was reported for 42.6% of cases (n=20). Acceptable function was reported for 40.4% of cases (n=19). Unacceptable function was reported for 17% of cases (n=8). The overall complication rate was 25.5% (n=12), with revision surgery for major complications required in 12.8% of cases (n=6). Corrective osteotomies were associated with major complications (P &lt; 0.001). In general, pelvic limb function improves following surgical correction of grade 4 MPL; however, a return to full function should be considered guarded.
A View from the Sky
Authors: Gomez Manuel , Gomez Juan Carlos 
Published: March 2016

A View from the Sky
This article, which is based on the research conducted for the General Report ‘Relief in Small and Simple Matters in an Age of Austerity’ presented at the XV World Congress of Procedural Law, provides a contextualised and broad overview of these phenomena in the United States. After describing the general features of the federal and state judiciaries, including its adversarial model of judging, and the importance of the jury system, the article turns its attention to discuss the factors that affect the cost of litigation in the United States, the different models of litigation funding, the available legal aid mechanisms, and the procedural tools available for handling small and simple disputes. Furthermore, this article briefly revisits the discussion about the effect of austerity on the functioning of the United States legal system on the handling of small and simple matters and ends with a brief conclusion that summarises its contribution and sketches the points for future research on this important topic.
The Importance of Multidisciplinary Management during Prenatal Care for Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Han Hyun Ho , Choi Eun Jeong , Kim Ji Min , Shin Jong Chul , Rhie Jong Won 
Published: March 2016

Background The prenatal ultrasound detection of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and its continuous management in the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal periods using a multidisciplinary team approach can be beneficial for parents and their infants. In this report, we share our experiences with the prenatal detection of CL/P and the multidisciplinary management of this malformation in our institution's Congenital Disease Center.
Methods The multidisciplinary team of the Congenital Disease Center for mothers of children with CL/P is composed of obstetricians, plastic and reconstructive surgeons, pediatricians, and psychiatrists. A total of 11 fetuses were diagnosed with CL/P from March 2009 to December 2013, and their mothers were referred to the Congenital Disease Center of our hospital. When CL/P is suspected in the prenatal ultrasound screening examination, the pregnant woman is referred to our center for further evaluation.
Results The abortion rate was 28% (3/11). The concordance rate of the sonographic and final diagnoses was 100%. Ten women (91%) reported that they were satisfied with the multidisciplinary management in our center.
Conclusions Although a child with a birth defect is unlikely to be received well, the women whose fetuses were diagnosed with CL/P on prenatal ultrasound screening and who underwent multidisciplinary team management were more likely to decide to continue their pregnancy.
Two-Stage Latissimus Dorsi Flap with Implant for Unilateral Breast Reconstruction: Getting the Size Right
Authors: Feng Jiajun , Pardoe Cleone I , Mota Ashley Manuel , Chui Christopher Hoe Kong , Tan Bien-Keem 
Published: March 2016

Background The aim of unilateral breast reconstruction after mastectomy is to craft a natural-looking breast with symmetry. The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap with implant is an established technique for this purpose. However, it is challenging to obtain adequate volume and satisfactory aesthetic results using a one-stage operation when considering factors such as muscle atrophy, wound dehiscence and excessive scarring. The two-stage reconstruction addresses these difficulties by using a tissue expander to gradually enlarge the skin pocket which eventually holds an appropriately sized implant.
Methods We analyzed nine patients who underwent unilateral two-stage LD reconstruction. In the first stage, an expander was placed along with the LD flap to reconstruct the mastectomy defect, followed by gradual tissue expansion to achieve overexpansion of the skin pocket. The final implant volume was determined by measuring the residual expander volume after aspirating the excess saline. Finally, the expander was replaced with the chosen implant.
Results The average volume of tissue expansion was 460 mL. The resultant expansion allowed an implant ranging in volume from 255 to 420 mL to be placed alongside the LD muscle. Seven patients scored less than six on the relative breast retraction assessment formula for breast symmetry, indicating excellent breast symmetry. The remaining two patients scored between six and eight, indicating good symmetry.
Conclusions This approach allows the size of the eventual implant to be estimated after the skin pocket has healed completely and the LD muscle has undergone natural atrophy. Optimal reconstruction results were achieved using this approach.
FDB’s centrallagre som kulturarv.
Authors: Mortensen Mette Tapdrup 
Published: March 2016

<p>I disse år tales meget om velfærdssamfundets eller efterkrigstidens kulturarv. Hvordan skal vi forholde os til de mange bygninger i nye materialer, der samtidigt er udtryk for nye måder at indrette samfundet på? Denne artikel bygger på en undersøgelse af FDB’s centrallagre, der i mere end 50 år har været produktions- og lagringssted for detailhandlens vareflow.</p><p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>Since the first member-owned co-operative shops emerged in Denmark in the second half of the 19th century, and organised themselves as the FDB in 1896, the latter’s prime objective has been to provide its members with a wide range of products at the most favourable prices. This has required continuous innovation and change, not least in the second half of the 20th century, as competition in the retailing market intensified. In the mid-1950s, the management of FDB implemented a comprehensive rationalisation of production, transport, storage, distribution and sales, as well as the overall structure connecting these aspects of its enterprise. Drawing on inspiration from the USA, within a decade this process radically transformed both the FDB itself and Danish retail trade in its entirety.</em></p><p><em>In a broader perspective, this rationalisation process and its consequences is a part of the history of the Danish welfare society, since it concerns the emergence of the modern consumer, as well as technical, economic and administrative innovation of the retail trade. The local co-operative shop with the manager behind the desk and the goods sold loose was replaced by modern self-service shops with standardised equipment, and numerous multi-storey warehouses distributed in the old city centres were in the early 1960s substituted by seven, strategically located central warehouses serviced by fork-lift trucks. The one located in Albertslund functioned from 1964 onwards as the organization’s headquarters.. In 2007 Kulturarvsstyrelsen (The Heritage Agency of Denmark) proclaimed this warehouse in Alberslund, today the headquarters of the Coop, to be one of 25 national sites of industrial heritage.</em></p>