bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison between thermal tropopauses derived from mandatory and significant levels for the Indian subcontinent upper‐air network
Authors: Yuchechen Adrián E. , Canziani Pablo O. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDifferences between lapse rate tropopauses (LRTs) and LRT‐like tropopauses retrieved from mandatory levels (LRTMs) were studied for height, pressure and temperature at 37 locations of the Indian subcontinent on a long‐term annual, summer and winter basis covering the period 1973–2015. LRTM is usually found below LRT and statistical distinctions hinder the use of the former tropopause as a replacement for the latter one, yet significant positive Spearman's correlations show a relationship through a monotonic increasing function that enable the estimation of LRT variables from the corresponding LRTM ones. The slope and the intercept for a linear function relating corresponding variables were obtained at each location.
Ancestral Haloalkane Dehalogenases Show Robustness and Unique Substrate Specificity
Authors: Babkova Petra , Sebestova Eva , Brezovsky Jan , Chaloupkova Radka , Damborsky Jiri 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAncestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) represents a powerful approach for empirical testing structure‐function relationships of diverse proteins. We employed ASR to predict sequences of five ancestral haloalkane dehalogenases (HLDs) from the HLD‐II subfamily. Genes encoding the inferred ancestral sequences were synthesized and expressed inEscherichia coli,and the resurrected ancestral enzymes (AncHLD1–5) were experimentally characterized. Strikingly, the ancestral HLDs exhibited significantly enhanced thermodynamic stability compared to extant enzymes (ΔTmup to 24 °C), as well as higher specific activities with preference for short multi‐substituted halogenated substrates. Moreover, multivariate statistical analysis revealed a shift in the substrate specificity profiles of AncHLD1 and AncHLD2. This is extremely difficult to achieve by rational protein engineering. The study highlights that ASR is an efficient approach for the development of novel biocatalysts and robust templates for directed evolution.
New Motifs in Deoxydehydration: Beyond the Realms of Rhenium
Authors: Petersen Allan R. , Fristrup Peter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe deoxydehydration (DODH) reaction remains one of the most efficient methods of reducing the oxygen content of biomass while keeping important functionality in place. This reaction is traditionally catalysed by high‐valent oxo‐rhenium species. Recent research into heterogeneous rhenium‐based catalysts for DODH demonstrates their ability to rival and in some cases surpass their homogeneous counterparts. Furthermore, catalysts based on the metals molybdenum and vanadium show great potential as inexpensive alternatives to rhenium catalysts. In this Minireview, we detail the recent developments within the field of DODH with particular emphasis on discoveries outside the realms of rhenium.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkoxycarbonylation of Propargylic Carbonates with (R)‐ or (S)‐3,4,5‐(MeO)3‐MeOBIPHEP
Authors: Zhang Wanli , Ma Shengming 
Published: April 2017

Abstract(R)‐ and (S)‐3,4,5‐(MeO)3‐MeOBIPHEP have been identified as the efficient chiral ligands for the palladium‐catalyzed highly enantioselective synthesis of 2,3‐allenoates from different types of easily available racemic propargylic carbonates with 90–98 % ee and decent yields. The potential of the products was demonstrated with high chirality transfer efficiency.
Instantaneous Conversion of [11C]CO2 to [11C]CO via Fluoride‐Activated Disilane Species
Authors: Taddei Carlotta , Bongarzone Salvatore , Gee Antony D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe development of a fast and novel methodology to generate carbon‐11 carbon monoxide ([11C]CO) from cyclotron‐produced carbon‐11 carbon dioxide ([11C]CO2) mediated by a fluoride‐activated disilane species is described. This methodology allows up to 74 % conversion of [11C]CO2 to [11C]CO using commercially available reagents, readily available laboratory equipment and mild reaction conditions (room temperature). As proof of utility, radiochemically pure [carbonyl‐11C]N‐benzylbenzamide was successfully synthesized from produced [11C]CO in up to 74 % radiochemical yield (RCY) and >99 % radiochemical purity (RCP) in ≤10 min from end of [11C]CO2 delivery.
Through the looking glass: Strategic organizational practices in strategic management
Authors: Edwards Gwyneth 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe field of strategic management indicates that there is no ‘one best way’ to manage strategy over time, leaving researchers with a pluralistic research setting. The findings here suggest that strategic organizational practices, a construct from the international business literature, can provide insight into the strategy formation process. I argue that strategic organizational practices, which are actor‐centered and embedded with values and beliefs, reflect both the content and process of strategy, and the organizational environment itself, thereby providing a pluralistic context of theoretical study. Through the exploration of four practices implemented by a large Canadian‐based multinational enterprise, the paper encourages a more explicit integration of strategic organizational practices, as a unit of analysis, into the field of strategic management. Copyright © 2017 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of unit k/s calculation and spectral overlapping on the performance of color matching
Authors: Shams Nateri A. , Mohtasham J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThere are several approaches to dyeing recipe formulation in the textile industry, because the accuracy of computer recipe prediction is not very high. There are several theories such as colorimetric and spectrophotometeric appraches on color reception. This work addressed the effect of the calibration method as the calculation of unit k/s and spectral overlapping of the components of the mixture on the accuracy of recipe prediction in dyeing nylon with acid dye. To this aim, the unit k/s was calculated using single and binary mixture samples. Two types unit k/s were used for the recipe prediction of ternary mixture dyed samples with low and high overlapping reflectance spectra. The obtained results indicated that the unit k/s of single component differed from the unit k/s of bicomponent mixture. The accuracy of recipe prediction using unit k/s of single component was less than that of the binary mixture. However, the performance of the recipe prediction of high level overlapping was found to be more than that of the low level overlapping mixture. Subsequently, the accuracy of color matching depended on the reflectance spectra similarity (spectral overlapping) of the components of the mixture.
Biological traits, rather than environment, shape detection curves of large vertebrates in neotropical rainforests
Authors: Denis Thomas , Richard‐Hansen Cécile , Brunaux Olivier , Etienne Marie‐Pierre , Guitet Stéphane , Hérault Bruno 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLine transect surveys are widely used in Neotropical rainforests to estimate the population abundance of medium‐ and large‐sized vertebrates. The use of indices such as encounter rate has been criticized because the probability of animal detection may fluctuate due to the heterogeneity of environmental conditions among sites. In addition, the morphological and behavioral characteristics (biological traits) of species affect their detectability. In this study, we compared the extent to which environmental conditions and species’ biological traits bias abundance estimates in terra firme rainforests in French Guiana. The selected environmental conditions included both physical conditions and forest structure covariates, while the selected biological traits included the morphological and behavioral characteristics of species. We used the distance sampling method to model the detection probability as an explicit function of environmental conditions and biological traits and implemented a model selection process to determine the relative importance of each group of covariates. Biological traits contributed to the variability of animal detectability more than environmental conditions, which had only a marginal effect. Detectability was best for large animals with uniform or disruptive markings that live in groups in the canopy top. Detectability was worst for small, solitary, terrestrial animals with mottled markings. In the terra firme rainforests that represent ~80% of the Amazonia and Guianas regions, our findings support the use of relative indices such as the encounter rate to compare population abundance between sites in species‐specific studies. Even though terra firme rainforests may appear similar between regions of Amazonia and the Guianas, comparability must be ensured, especially in forests disturbed by human activity. The detection probability can be used as an indicator of species’ vulnerability to hunting and, thus, to the risk of local extinction. Only a few biological trait covariates are required to correctly estimate the detectability of the majority of medium‐ and large‐sized vertebrates. Thus, a biological trait model could be useful in predicting the detection probabilities of rare, uncommon, or localized species for which few data are available to fit the detection function.
Estimating species richness in hyper‐diverse large tree communities
Authors: ter Steege Hans , Sabatier Daniel , Mota de Oliveira Sylvia , Magnusson William E. , Molino Jean‐François , Gomes Vitor F. , Pos Edwin T. , Salomão Rafael P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSpecies richness estimation is one of the most widely used analyses carried out by ecologists, and nonparametric estimators are probably the most used techniques to carry out such estimations. We tested the assumptions and results of nonparametric estimators and those of a logseries approach to species richness estimation for simulated tropical forests and five data sets from the field. We conclude that nonparametric estimators are not suitable to estimate species richness in tropical forests, where sampling intensity is usually low and richness is high, because the assumptions of the methods do not meet the sampling strategy used in most studies. The logseries, while also requiring substantial sampling, is much more effective in estimating species richness than commonly used nonparametric estimators, and its assumptions better match the way field data is being collected.
Production of biopesticide azadirachtin using plant cell and hairy root cultures
Authors: Thakore Dhara , Srivastava Ashok K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe extensive use of nondegradable chemical pesticides for pest management has developed serious environmental hazards. This has necessitated the urgent need to switch over to an alternative mode of biopesticide development for mass agriculture and field crop protection. Azadirachta indica A. Juss (commonly known as neem) houses a plethora of bioactive secondary metabolites with azadirachtin being the most active constituent explored in the sector of ecofriendly and biodegradable biopesticides characterized by low toxicity toward nontarget organisms. It has been reported that the highest content of azadirachtin and related limonoids is present in the seeds, available once in a year. Moreover, the inconsistent content and purity of the metabolites in whole plant makes it imperative to tap the potential of in vitro plant tissue culture applications, which would allow for several controlled manipulations for better yield and productivities. This review gives a summarized literature of the applied research and achievements in plant cell/hairy cultures of A. indica A. Juss mainly in context with the biopesticide azadirachtin and applications thereof.
Reactive Adsorption of Sulfur Compounds on Transition Metal Polycation‐Exchanged Zeolites for Desulfurization of Hydrocarbon Streams
Authors: Tsybulevski Albert M. , Tkachenko Olga P. , Rode Edward J. , Weston Kerry C. , Kustov Leonid M. , Sulman Esther M. , Doluda Valentin Yu. , Greish Alexander A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe reactive adsorption of sulfur‐contaminated compounds over transition metal (TrM) polycation‐exchanged zeolites is a very efficient method for the desulfurization of hydrocarbon processing streams. The process consists of the physical adsorption of thiols, sulfides, and disulfides and the catalytic oxidation of the adsorbed substances. The reaction does not require the participation of free oxygen; diffuse‐reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies confirmed that the thiol oxidation proceeds through the direct involvement of TrM polycation superoxides. All of the studied zeolite X, zeolite Y, and mordenite materials containing Zn, Mn, Cu, and Cd polycations show remarkable activity for the oxidation of sulfur compounds; this results in a significant increase of the total pick‐up from gas and liquid hydrocarbons. The thermal regeneration of the adsorbent–catalysts under oxidizing conditions leads to the complete restoration of their original activities and capacities for the removal of sulfur compounds. Suitable operating conditions for the regeneration process are disclosed. The study also demonstrates favorable properties of the suggested adsorbent–catalysts for use in commercially important applications such as the desulfurization of natural gas and liquid hydrocarbons.
Effects of exogenous abscisic acid on cadmium accumulation in two ecotypes of hyperaccumulator Bidens pilosa
Authors: Liu Lei , Ma Qianqian , Lin Lijin , Tang Yi , Wang Jin , Lv Xiulan , Liao Ming'an , Xia Hui , Chen Shengxiang , Li Jianhua , Wang Xun , Lai Yunsong , Liang Dong 
Published: April 2017

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important plant hormone that enhances plants’ tolerance to heavy metal stress. In this study, we applied ABA to two ecotypes (mining and farmland) of the cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator Bidens pilosa which grown under Cd‐contaminated conditions. The effects of ABA on Cd accumulation in the two ecotypes of B. pilosa were evaluated. Exogenous ABA decreased the biomass and plant height of the two ecotypes of B. pilosa compared with their respective controls. The plants treated with 10 μmol L−1 ABA showed the minimum biomass and plant height. Exogenous ABA also decreased the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents of two ecotypes of B. pilosa compared with their controls, but increased the chlorophyll a/b ratio. For both two ecotypes of B. pilosa, application of ABA increased the Cd contents in the roots, stems, leaves, and shoots, compared with the controls, but only 40 μmol L−1 ABA increased the amount of Cd extracted by the two ecotypes (an increase of 30.26% in shoots of the farmland ecotype and 16.36% in shoots of the mining ecotype) of B. pilosa. These results show that ABA inhibits the growth of two ecotypes of B. pilosa, and the high concentration (40 μmol L−1) of ABA can enhance Cd extraction from Cd‐contaminated soil. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1643–1649, 2017
A Literature Review on Collaborative Problem Solving for College and Workforce Readiness
Authors: Oliveri María Elena , Lawless René , Molloy Hillary 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe literature and the employee and workforce surveys rank collaborative problem solving (CPS) among the top 5 most critical skills necessary for success in college and the workforce. This paper provides a review of the literature on CPS and related terms, including a discussion of their definitions, importance to higher education and workforce success, and considerations relevant to their assessment. The goal is to discuss progress on CPS to date and help generate future research on CPS in relation to educational and workforce success.
Microphysical characteristics of rainfall during different seasons over a coastal tropical station using disdrometer
Authors: Sreekanth T.S. , Varikoden Hamza , Sukumar Nita , Mohan Kumar G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDrop size distribution (DSD) over the tropical region exhibit pronounced variations during different monsoon seasons. Measurements from an impact type Joss–Waldovgel disdrometer is used for characterization of drop size distribution and its integral parameters over a tropical coastal station (Thiruvananthapuram, 8.31°N, 76.54°E, 20 m asl). Rain events were identified during the winter, premonsoon, summer monsoon and postmonsoon seasons from 8 years, computed rain duration (min) and accumulated rain water (mm). Rain intensity (mm h−1), mean drop diameter (Dm, mm) and total number concentration of raindrops (NT, m−3) were calculated on each sampling interval and classified in to different bins.The different range bins of rain intensity and their relative contributions towards total rainfall are different for different seasons. Maximum events were reported on the R2 (heavy drizzle/light rain) type, but the contribution of rainfall (mm) is mainly registered on R4 (heavy rain) type. Similarly, the NT and Dm are also showing different characteristics during different monsoon seasons. Frequency of occurrence of Dm is higher in Dm2 (1–2 mm) followed by Dm1 (Dm < 1 mm) and then Dm3 (2–3 mm) with difference in magnitudes for different seasons. On analysing relative rainfall contribution from different mean diameter bins, it can be observed that Dm2 and Dm3 (1–3 mm) are the major contributors to the total rainfall. In the case of NT, both frequency and accumulated water are almost same or comparable for the different bins during all the seasons. The Dm and NT are positively related with different intensity bins. The lower rainfall intensity bins show higher duration during the summer monsoon season and lower duration during the premonsoon season, the higher intensity range bins show lower duration for the premonsoon season and higher duration for the postmonsoon season.
3D soil hydraulic database of Europe at 250 m resolution
Authors: Tóth Brigitta , Weynants Melanie , Pásztor László , Hengl Tomislav 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSoil hydraulic properties are required in various modelling schemes. We propose a consistent spatial soil hydraulic database at 7 soil depths up to 2 m calculated for Europe based on SoilGrids250m and 1 km datasets and pedotransfer functions trained on the European Hydropedological Data Inventory. Saturated water content, water content at field capacity and wilting point, saturated hydraulic conductivity and Mualem‐van Genuchten parameters for the description of the moisture retention, and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves have been predicted. The derived 3D soil hydraulic layers (EU‐SoilHydroGrids ver1.0) can be used for environmental modelling purposes at catchment or continental scale in Europe. Currently, only EU‐SoilHydroGrids provides information on the most frequently required soil hydraulic properties with full European coverage up to 2 m depth at 250 m resolution.
A transition from using multi‐step procedures to a fully integrated system for performing extracorporeal photopheresis: A comparison of costs and efficiencies
Authors: Azar Nabih , Leblond Veronique , Ouzegdouh Maya , Button Paul 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital Hemobiotherapy Department, Paris, France, has been providing extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) since November 2011, and started using the Therakos® CELLEX® fully integrated system in 2012. This report summarizes our single‐center experience of transitioning from the use of multi‐step ECP procedures to the fully integrated ECP system, considering the capacity and cost implications.Materials and MethodsThe total number of ECP procedures performed 2011–2015 was derived from department records. The time taken to complete a single ECP treatment using a multi‐step technique and the fully integrated system at our department was assessed. Resource costs (2014€) were obtained for materials and calculated for personnel time required. Time‐driven activity‐based costing methods were applied to provide a cost comparison.ResultsThe number of ECP treatments per year increased from 225 (2012) to 727 (2015). The single multi‐step procedure took 270 min compared to 120 min for the fully integrated system. The total calculated per‐session cost of performing ECP using the multi‐step procedure was greater than with the CELLEX® system (€1,429.37 and €1,264.70 per treatment, respectively).ConclusionsFor hospitals considering a transition from multi‐step procedures to fully integrated methods for ECP where cost may be a barrier, time‐driven activity‐based costing should be utilized to gain a more comprehensive understanding the full benefit that such a transition offers. The example from our department confirmed that there were not just cost and time savings, but that the time efficiencies gained with CELLEX® allow for more patient treatments per year.
Genetic Recombination Between Stromal and Cancer Cells Results in Highly Malignant Cells Identified by Color‐Coded Imaging in a Mouse Lymphoma Model
Authors: Nakamura Miki , Suetsugu Atsushi , Hasegawa Kousuke , Matsumoto Takuro , Aoki Hitomi , Kunisada Takahiro , Shimizu Masahito , Saji Shigetoyo , Moriwaki Hisataka , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes tumor growth and metastasis. We previously established the color‐coded EL4 lymphoma TME model with red fluorescent protein (RFP) expressing EL4 implanted in transgenic C57BL/6 green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice. Color‐coded imaging of the lymphoma TME suggested an important role of stromal cells in lymphoma progression and metastasis. In the present study, we used color‐coded imaging of RFP‐lymphoma cells and GFP stromal cells to identify yellow‐fluorescent genetically recombinant cells appearing only during metastasis. The EL4‐RFP lymphoma cells were injected subcutaneously in C57BL/6‐GFP transgenic mice and formed subcutaneous tumors 14 days after cell transplantation. The subcutaneous tumors were harvested and transplanted to the abdominal cavity of nude mice. Metastases to the liver, perigastric lymph node, ascites, bone marrow, and primary tumor were imaged. In addition to EL4‐RFP cells and GFP‐host cells, genetically recombinant yellow‐fluorescent cells, were observed only in the ascites and bone marrow. These results indicate genetic exchange between the stromal and cancer cells. Possible mechanisms of genetic exchange are discussed as well as its ramifications for metastasis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4216–4221, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.