bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La notion de Tianxia et son usage politique entre « Est » et « Ouest » : Formes contemporaines de l’Orientalisme et de l’Occidentalisme politique
Authors: Heurtebise Jean-Yves 
Published: September 2017

Le but de cet article est de présenter le concept chinois classique de Tianxia (天下) dans son application contemporaine aux relations internationales autant dans ses variations chinoises datant des années 1990 que dans ses développements les plus récents aux États-Unis, en faisant référence aux ouvrages notamment de Zhao Tingyang et Salvatore Babones – en plaçant ceux-ci dans la perspective discursive de l’Orientalisme et de l’Occidentalisme.
China’s Foreign Policy Under President Xi Jinping
Authors: Yang Jiemian 
Published: September 2017

La politique étrangère chinoise sous le président XI est marquée à la fois par une continuité et une évolution présente, et par une vision des développements à venir. Je voudrais partager mes pensées personnelles sur les points suivants : 1. Le contexte interne et externe ; 2. Les théories et les stratégies ; 3. Les politiques suivies et les actions menées ; 4. Les difficultés et les défis rencontrés.
Pathogenic Role for γδ T Cells in Autoimmune Anti-Myeloperoxidase Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Gan Poh-Yi , Fujita Takeshi , Ooi Joshua Daniel , Alikhan Maliha Asghar , Dick Jonathan , Shim Raymond , Odobasic Dragana , O’Sullivan Kim Maree , Kitching Arthur Richard , Holdsworth Stephen Roger 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic Ab (ANCA)–associated vasculitis results from autoimmunity to MPO. IL-17A plays a critical role in generating this form of autoimmune injury but its cell of origin is uncertain. We addressed the hypothesis that IL-17A–producing γδ T cells are a nonredundant requisite in the development of MPO autoimmunity and glomerulonephritis (GN). We studied MPO-ANCA GN in wild type, αβ, or γδ T cell–deficient (C57BL/6, βTCR−/−, and δTCR−/− respectively) mice. Both T cell populations played important roles in the generation of autoimmunity to MPO and GN. Humoral autoimmunity was dependent on intact αβ T cells but was unaffected by γδ T cell deletion. Following MPO immunization, activated γδ T cells migrate to draining lymph nodes. Studies in δTCR−/− and transfer of γδ T cells to δTCR−/− mice show that γδ T cells facilitate the generation of anti-MPO autoimmunity and GN. δTCR−/− mice that received IL-17A−/− γδ T cells demonstrate that the development of anti-MPO autoimmunity and GN are dependent on γδ T cell IL-17A production. Finally, transfer of anti-MPO CD4+ T cell clones to naive δTCR−/− and wild type mice with planted glomerular MPO shows that γδ T cells are also necessary for recruitment of anti-MPO αβ CD4+ effector T cells. This study demonstrates that IL-17A produced by γδ T cells plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of MPO-ANCA GN by promoting the development of MPO-specific αβ T cells.
Limnology and plankton diversity of salt lakes from Transylvanian Basin (Romania): A review
Authors: Alexe Mircea , Șerban Gheorghe , Baricz Andreea , Andrei Adrian-Ștefan , Cristea Adorján , P. Battes Karina , Cîmpean Mirela , Momeu Laura , Muntean Vasile , Porav Sebastian A. , Banciu Horia L. 
Published: September 2017

<p>In the present work, we review the current knowledge on genesis, limnology and biodiversity of salt lakes distributed around the inner contour of Eastern Carpathian arc (Transylvanian Basin, Central Romania). Transylvanian salt lakes formed on ancient halite (NaCl) deposits following natural processes or quarrying activities. Most of these lakes are located in eastern (Sovata area), southern (Ocna Sibiului), and western (Turda-Cojocna) parts of the Transylvanian Basin, have small surfaces (0.1-4 ha), variable depths (2-100 m), are hypersaline (&gt;10%, w/v, total salts, mainly NaCl) and permanently stratified. As consequence of steady salinity/density gradient, heat entrapment below surface layer (i.e., heliothermy) develops in several Transylvanian lakes. The physical and chemical water stratification is mirrored in the partition of plankton diversity. Lakes with less saline (2-10% salinity) water layers appear to harbor halotolerant representatives of phyto- (<em>e.g</em>., marine native <em>Picochlorum</em> spp. and<em> Synechococcus</em> spp.), zoo- (<em>e.g</em>., <em>Moina salina</em>), and bacterioplankton (<em>e.g</em>., Actinobacteria, Verrucomicobia), whereas halophilic plankton communities (<em>e.g</em>., green algae <em>Dunaliella</em> sp., brine shrimp <em>Artemia</em> sp., and members of Halobacteria class) dominate in the oxic surface of hypersaline (&gt;10% salinity) lakes. Molecular approaches (<em>e.g</em>., PCR-DGGE, 16S rRNA gene-based clone libraries, and DNA metabarcoding) showed that the O<sub>2</sub>-depleted bottom brines of deep meromictic Transylvanian lakes are inhabited by known extremely halophilic anaerobes (<em>e.g</em>. sulfate-reducing Delta-Proteobacteria, fermenting Clostridia, methanogenic and polymer-degrading archaea) in addition to representatives of uncultured/unclassified prokaryotic lineages. Overall, the plankton communities thriving in saline Transylvanian lakes seem to drive full biogeochemical cycling of main elements. However, the trophic interactions (<em>i.e., </em>food web structure and energy flow) as well as impact of human activities and predicted climate changes are yet to be assessed in these unique ecosystems with little or no match to analogous salt lakes worldwide. </p>
A modification of the leaf-nets method for sampling benthic invertebrates in spring habitats
Authors: Di Sabatino Antonio , Cristiano Giovanni , Vignini Patrizia , Miccoli Francesco Paolo , Cicolani Bruno 
Published: September 2017

<p>The full ecological potential of spring habitats remains relatively unexplored mostly because of the lack of standardized sampling procedures and difficulties to collect representative biological samples, especially in small-sized springs. Recent studies on sampling methodologies in spring habitats indicated that a modified Surber net with a reduced frame area, reliably describes the structure and composition of spring communities. This method, however, is very invasive and may severely impact the spring, especially when a large number of samples is required. The paper presents a new quantitative method (leaf-nets) for sampling crenic invertebrates which combines a rather high efficiency with negligible impacts on spring habitat structure and biota. The effectiveness of the new methodology was tested in a medium-size rheocrene spring in Central Apennine, where spring assemblages were sampled in parallel with a modified Surber net and with the new method. Taxa richness and density were higher in the Surber net, while no between-method differences were recorded for the number of insect taxa and Simpson diversity. Furthermore, the overall functional organization of Surber net and leaf-nets assemblages was very similar. The new method sampled only 25% of the individuals cumulatively collected, but 75% of the total richness, with a good representation of the structure and the functional organization of spring assemblages. In comparison with the Surber net, the negligible loss of information of the new method is highly compensated by its minor invasivity, lower impacts on spring microhabitats and invertebrate populations and by its higher versatility. Leaf-nets could also be used to assess leaf-detritus breakdown in springs, thus allowing a better ecological characterization of these ecosystems. </p><p> </p>
Crevice Corrosion of Stainless Steels 904L, 2205, and 2507 in High-Temperature Sulfuric Acid Solution Containing Chlorides: Influence of Metal Cations
Authors: Lindgren M. , Huttunen-Saarivirta E. , Peltola H. , Romu J. , Sarikka T. , Hänninen H. , Pohjanne P. 
Published: September 2017

Crevice corrosion influences the integrity of materials in many industrial sectors, such as hydrometallurgy. The conditions in hydrometallurgical processes are severe, with high concentrations of sulfuric acid leachant as well as high-chloride impurity, oxygen, and metal cation contents. In this study, crevice corrosion behavior of highly-alloyed austenitic and duplex stainless steels is investigated in aerated high-temperature sulfuric acid solution with 1 g/L chlorides in the presence of three types of metal cations: Fe3+, Cu2+, and Fe2+. The experimental work contains the determination of the oxidizing capacity of the solutions, immersion crevice corrosion tests followed by characterization of the corrosion attack, and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The results show that the alloy with the highest PREN value, grade 2507, was not susceptible to crevice corrosion under the test conditions. In the case of grades 904L and 2205 of relatively equal PREN values, the extent and nature of crevice corrosion attack was different and dependent on the ratio of activities of chlorides to sulfates and the type of metal cations. The results are presented and discussed in the light of IR drop mechanism.
Atmospheric mercury in the Southern Hemisphere tropics: seasonal and diurnal variations and influence of inter-hemispheric transport
Authors: Howard Dean , Nelson Peter F. , Edwards Grant C. , Morrison Anthony L. , Fisher Jenny A. , Ward Jason , Harnwell James , van der Schoot Marcel , Atkinson Brad , Chambers Scott D. , Griffiths Alan D. , Werczynski Sylvester , Williams Alastair G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Mercury is a toxic element of serious concern for human and environmental health. Understanding its natural cycling in the environment is an important goal towards assessing its impacts and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. Due to the unique chemical and physical properties of mercury, the atmosphere is the dominant transport pathway for this heavy metal, with the consequence that regions far removed from sources can be impacted. However, there exists a dearth of long-term monitoring of atmospheric mercury, particularly in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere. This paper presents the first 2 years of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) measurements taken at the Australian Tropical Atmospheric Research Station (ATARS) in northern Australia, as part of the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS). Annual mean GEM concentrations determined at ATARS (0.95 ± 0.12 ng m−3) are consistent with recent observations at other sites in the Southern Hemisphere. Comparison with GEM data from other Australian monitoring sites suggests a concentration gradient that decreases with increasing latitude. Seasonal analysis shows that GEM concentrations at ATARS are significantly lower in the distinct wet monsoon season than in the dry season. This result provides insight into alterations of natural mercury cycling processes as a result of changes in atmospheric humidity, oceanic/terrestrial fetch, and convective mixing, and invites future investigation using wet mercury deposition measurements. Due to its location relative to the atmospheric equator, ATARS intermittently samples air originating from the Northern Hemisphere, allowing an opportunity to gain greater understanding of inter-hemispheric transport of mercury and other atmospheric species. Diurnal cycles of GEM at ATARS show distinct nocturnal depletion events that are attributed to dry deposition under stable boundary layer conditions. These cycles provide strong further evidence supportive of a multi-hop model of GEM cycling, characterised by multiple surface depositions and re-emissions, in addition to long-range transport through the atmosphere.
Soil respiration across a permafrost transition zone: spatial structure and environmental correlates
Authors: Stegen James C. , Anderson Carolyn G. , Bond-Lamberty Ben , Crump Alex R. , Chen Xingyuan , Hess Nancy 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Soil respiration is a key ecosystem function whereby shifts in respiration rates can shift systems from carbon sinks to sources. Soil respiration in permafrost-associated systems is particularly important given climate change driven permafrost thaw that leads to significant uncertainty in resulting ecosystem carbon dynamics. Here we characterize the spatial structure and environmental drivers of soil respiration across a permafrost transition zone. We find that soil respiration is characterized by a non-linear threshold that occurs at active-layer depths greater than 140 cm. We also find that within each season, tree basal area is a dominant driver of soil respiration regardless of spatial scale, but only in spatial domains with significant spatial variability in basal area. Our analyses further show that spatial variation (the coefficient of variation) and mean-variance power-law scaling of soil respiration in our boreal system are consistent with previous work in other ecosystems (e.g., tropical forests) and in population ecology, respectively. Comparing our results to those in other ecosystems suggests that temporally stable features such as tree-stand structure are often primary drivers of spatial variation in soil respiration. If so, this provides an opportunity to better estimate the magnitude and spatial variation in soil respiration through remote sensing. Combining such an approach with broader knowledge of thresholding behavior – here related to active layer depth – would provide empirical constraints on models aimed at predicting ecosystem responses to ongoing permafrost thaw.
The influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation regimes on eastern African vegetation and its future implications under the RCP8.5 warming scenario
Authors: Fer Istem , Tietjen Britta , Jeltsch Florian , Wolff Christian 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the main driver of the interannual variability in eastern African rainfall, with a significant impact on vegetation and agriculture and dire consequences for food and social security. In this study, we identify and quantify the ENSO contribution to the eastern African rainfall variability to forecast future eastern African vegetation response to rainfall variability related to a predicted intensified ENSO. To differentiate the vegetation variability due to ENSO, we removed the ENSO signal from the climate data using empirical orthogonal teleconnection (EOT) analysis. Then, we simulated the ecosystem carbon and water fluxes under the historical climate without components related to ENSO teleconnections. We found ENSO-driven patterns in vegetation response and confirmed that EOT analysis can successfully produce coupled tropical Pacific sea surface temperature–eastern African rainfall teleconnection from observed datasets. We further simulated eastern African vegetation response under future climate change as it is projected by climate models and under future climate change combined with a predicted increased ENSO intensity. Our EOT analysis highlights that climate simulations are still not good at capturing rainfall variability due to ENSO, and as we show here the future vegetation would be different from what is simulated under these climate model outputs lacking accurate ENSO contribution. We simulated considerable differences in eastern African vegetation growth under the influence of an intensified ENSO regime which will bring further environmental stress to a region with a reduced capacity to adapt effects of global climate change and food security.
Parameter optimisation for a better representation of drought by LSMs: inverse modelling vs. sequential data assimilation
Authors: Dewaele Hélène , Munier Simon , Albergel Clément , Planque Carole , Laanaia Nabil , Carrer Dominique , Calvet Jean-Christophe 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Soil maximum available water content (MaxAWC) is a key parameter in land surface models (LSMs). However, being difficult to measure, this parameter is usually uncertain. This study assesses the feasibility of using a 15-year (1999–2013) time series of satellite-derived low-resolution observations of leaf area index (LAI) to estimate MaxAWC for rainfed croplands over France. LAI interannual variability is simulated using the CO2-responsive version of the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere and Atmosphere (ISBA) LSM for various values of MaxAWC. Optimal value is then selected by using (1) a simple inverse modelling technique, comparing simulated and observed LAI and (2) a more complex method consisting in integrating observed LAI in ISBA through a land data assimilation system (LDAS) and minimising LAI analysis increments. The evaluation of the MaxAWC estimates from both methods is done using simulated annual maximum above-ground biomass (Bag) and straw cereal grain yield (GY) values from the Agreste French agricultural statistics portal, for 45 administrative units presenting a high proportion of straw cereals. Significant correlations (p value  <  0.01) between Bag and GY are found for up to 36 and 53 % of the administrative units for the inverse modelling and LDAS tuning methods, respectively. It is found that the LDAS tuning experiment gives more realistic values of MaxAWC and maximum Bag than the inverse modelling experiment. Using undisaggregated LAI observations leads to an underestimation of MaxAWC and maximum Bag in both experiments. Median annual maximum values of disaggregated LAI observations are found to correlate very well with MaxAWC.
Improving SWAT model performance in the upper Blue Nile Basin using meteorological data integration and subcatchment discretization
Authors: Polanco Erwin Isaac , Fleifle Amr , Ludwig Ralf , Disse Markus 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The Blue Nile Basin is confronted by land degradation problems, insufficient agricultural production, and a limited number of developed energy sources. Hydrological models provide useful tools to better understand such complex systems and improve water resources and land management practices. In this study, SWAT was used to model the hydrological processes in the upper Blue Nile Basin. Comparisons between a Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and a conventional ground weather dataset were done under two sub-basin discretization levels (30 and 87 sub-basins) to create an integrated dataset to improve the spatial and temporal limitations of both datasets. A SWAT error index (SEI) was also proposed to compare the reliability of the models under different discretization levels and weather datasets. This index offers an assessment of the model quality based on precipitation and evapotranspiration. SEI demonstrates to be a reliable additional and useful method to measure the level of error of SWAT. The results showed the discrepancies of using different weather datasets with different sub-basin discretization levels. Datasets under 30 sub-basins achieved Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (NS) values of −0.51, 0.74, and 0.84; p factors of 0.53, 0.66, and 0.70; and r factors of 1.11, 0.83, and 0.67 for the CFSR, ground, and integrated datasets, respectively. Meanwhile, models under 87 sub-basins achieved NS values of −1.54, 0.43, and 0.80; p factors of 0.36, 0.67, and 0.77; r factors of 0.93, 0.68, and 0.54 for the CFSR, ground, and integrated datasets, respectively. Based on the obtained statistical results, the integrated dataset provides a better model of the upper Blue Nile Basin.
Quantifying the changes of soil surface microroughness due to rainfall impact on a smooth surface
Authors: Abban Benjamin K. B. , Papanicolaou A. N. (Thanos) , Giannopoulos Christos P. , Dermisis Dimitrios C. , Wacha Kenneth M. , Wilson Christopher G. , Elhakeem Mohamed 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. This study examines the rainfall-induced change in soil microroughness of a bare smooth soil surface in an agricultural field. The majority of soil microroughness studies have focused on surface roughness on the order of ∼ 5–50 mm and have reported a decay of soil surface roughness with rainfall. However, there is quantitative evidence from a few studies suggesting that surfaces with microroughness less than 5 mm may undergo an increase in roughness when subject to rainfall action. The focus herein is on initial microroughness length scales on the order of 2 mm, a low roughness condition observed seasonally in some landscapes under bare conditions and chosen to systematically examine the increasing roughness phenomenon. Three rainfall intensities of 30, 60, and 75 mm h−1 are applied to a smoothened bed surface in a field plot via a rainfall simulator. Soil surface microroughness is recorded via a surface-profile laser scanner. Several indices are utilized to quantify the soil surface microroughness, namely the random roughness (RR) index, the crossover length, the variance scale from the Markov–Gaussian model, and the limiting difference. Findings show a consistent increase in roughness under the action of rainfall, with an overall agreement between all indices in terms of trend and magnitude. Although this study is limited to a narrow range of rainfall and soil conditions, the results suggest that the outcome of the interaction between rainfall and a soil surface can be different for smooth and rough surfaces and thus warrant the need for a better understanding of this interaction.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Vol. 5, No. 3, September 2017
Authors: Williams Richard 
Published: September 2017

Journal of Agricultural Studies would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JAS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issueReviewers for Volume 5, Number 3 Aftab Alam, Edenworks Inc., USAAshit Kumar Paul, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, BangladeshChenlin Hu, The Ohio State University, USA,Ernest Baafi, CSIRCrops Research Institute, GhanaEwa Moliszewska, Opole University, PolandGerardo Ojeda, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ColombiaJeong Hwan, Sejong University, South Korea Jiban Shrestha, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, NepalPramod Kumar Mishra, School of Management Studies, IndiaSoto Caro Ariel Reinaldo, Universidad de Concepción, ChileZakaria Fouad Abdallah, National Research Centre, EgyptZhao Chen, Clemson University, USA Richard Williams,EditorJournal of Agricultural Studies-------------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesPhone: 1-702-953-1852 ext.521Fax: 1-702-420-2900Email: jas@macrothink.orgURL: http://jas.macrothink.org
Eerste uitspraak over de rolverdeling tussen de Europese Centrale Bank en nationale toezichthouders binnen het Single Supervisory Mechanism
Authors: van Toor A.W.M. 
Published: September 2017

Eerste uitspraak over de rolverdeling tussen de Europese Centrale Bank en nationale toezichthouders binnen het Single Supervisory Mechanism
Het eerste arrest over de rolverdeling tussen de Europese Centrale Bank (ECB) en de nationale toezichthouders binnen het Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) is van principiële aard. Het Gerecht oordeelt dat het SSM-bankentoezicht een exclusieve bevoegdheid van de ECB is en dat de nationale toezichthouders deze taak ten aanzien van niet-significante banken decentraal uitoefenen. Hoewel dit oordeel voor de hand lag, doet het vragen rijzen over de uitoefening van nationale bevoegdheden door de ECB en over de ministeriële verantwoordelijkheid voor het SSM-toezicht van de nationale toezichthouder. Verder verduidelijkt het arrest de betekenis van de adviezen van de Administrative Board of Review (ABoR) voor de motivering van ECB-toezichtbesluiten.Gerecht 16 mei 2017, zaak T-122/15, Landeskreditbank Baden-Württemberg/ECB (L-Bank), ECLI:EU:T:2017:337