bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for an Additive Neurorestorative Effect of Simultaneously Administered CDNF and GDNF in Hemiparkinsonian Rats: Implications for Different Mechanism of Action
Authors: Voutilainen Merja H. , De Lorenzo Francesca , Stepanova Polina , Bäck Susanne , Yu Li-Ying , Lindholm Päivi , Pörsti Eeva , Saarma Mart , Männistö Pekka T. , Tuominen Raimo K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with a progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) and the accumulation of intracellular inclusions containing α-synuclein. Current therapies do not stop the progression of the disease, and the efficacy of these treatments wanes over time. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are naturally occurring proteins promoting the survival and differentiation of neurons and the maintenance of neuronal contacts. CDNF (cerebral dopamine NTF) and GDNF (glial cell line-derived NTF) are able to protect DAergic neurons against toxin-induced degeneration in experimental models of PD. Here, we report an additive neurorestorative effect of coadministration of CDNF and GDNF in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model of PD in rats. NTFs were given into the striatum four weeks after unilateral intrastriatal injection of 6-OHDA (20 µg). Amphetamine-induced (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) rotational behavior was measured every two weeks. Number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells from SN pars compacta (SNpc) and density of TH-positive fibers in the striatum were analyzed at 12 weeks after lesion. CDNF and GDNF alone restored the DAergic function, and one specific dose combination had an additive effect: CDNF (2.5µg) and GDNF (1µg) coadministration led to a stronger trophic effect relative to either of the single treatments alone. The additive effect may indicate different mechanism of action for the NTFs. Indeed, both NTFs activated the survival promoting PI3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway, but only CDNF decreased the expression level of tested endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress markers ATF6, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α subunit (eIF2α).
Unconventional Recombination in the Mating Type Locus of Heterothallic Apple Canker Pathogen Valsa mali
Authors: Yin Zhiyuan , Ke Xiwang , Li Zhengpeng , Chen Jiliang , Gao Xiaoning , Huang Lili 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Sexual reproduction in filamentous ascomycetes is controlled by the mating type (MAT) locus, including two idiomorphs MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. Understanding the MAT locus can provide clues for unveiling the sexual development and virulence factors for fungal pathogens. The genus Valsa (Sordariomycetes, Diaporthales) contains many tree pathogens responsible for destructive canker diseases. The sexual stage of these ascomycetes is occasionally observed in nature, and no MAT locus has been reported to date. Here, we identified the MAT locus of the apple canker pathogen Valsa mali, which causes extensive damage, and even death, to trees. V. mali is heterothallic in that each isolate carries either the MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 idiomorph. However, the MAT structure is distinct from that of many other heterothallic fungi in the Sordariomycetes. Two flanking genes, COX13 and APN2, were coopted into the MAT locus, possibly by intrachromosomal rearrangement. After the acquisition of foreign genes, unequal recombination occurred between MAT1-1/2 idiomorphs, resulting in a reverse insertion in the MAT1-2 idiomorph. Evolutionary analysis showed that the three complete MAT1-1-2, COX13, and APN2 genes in this region diverged independently due to different selection pressure. Null hypothesis tests of a 1:1 MAT ratio of 86 V. mali isolates from four different provinces showed a relatively balanced distribution of the two idiomorphs in the fields. These results provide insights into the evolution of the mating systems in Sordariomycetes.
ACL Tears in School-Aged Children and Adolescents Over 20 Years
Authors: Beck Nicholas A. , Lawrence J. Todd R. , Nordin James D. , DeFor Terese A. , Tompkins Marc 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are thought to occur with increasing frequency in young patients. No study has shown increased incidence over time. We hypothesized the incidence of ACL tears in young patients has increased over the past 20 years.

METHODS:
This descriptive epidemiology study is a retrospective review of insurance billing data of all patients aged 6 to 18 years with Current Procedural Terminology, Fourth Revision codes for ACL tear and reconstruction or International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes from 1994 to 2013. Injuries were normalized to persons per year enrolled in the insurance database based on age and sex. Analysis was performed based on sex and age (6–14, 15–16, and 17–18 years).

RESULTS:
The rate of ACL tears per 100 000 person-years averaged 121 ± 19 (range 92–151). All trends increased significantly except for the male 6- to 14-year-old and 17- to 18-year-old age groups. Overall there was an annual increase of 2.3%. Females had significantly higher incidence except in the 17- to 18-year-olds. Females peaked at age 16 years and males at age 17 years, with rates of 392 ACL tears and 422 ACL tears per 100 000 person-years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
The incidence of ACL tears in pediatric patients increased over the last 20 years. Females were at higher risk except in the 17- to 18-year -old group. Peak incidence is noted during high school years. These data help target the most at-risk patients for ACL prevention programs.
Adaptación del Inventario de Duelo Complicado en Población Colombiana
Authors: Gamba-Collazos Héctor Alfredo , Navia Arroyo Carmen Elvira 
Published: February 2017

Se realizó la adaptación del Inventario de Duelo Complicado (idc) en población colombiana. Cinco jurados evaluaron el contenido y ajuste cultural del cuestionario y luego este fue aplicado a una muestra de 120 adultos que experimentaron el fallecimiento de un familiar. Los análisis psicométricos indicaron una consistencia interna similar a la de la prueba original y superior a la de la adaptación española, buena estabilidad temporal, asociaciones positivas con pruebas de depresión y ansiedad usadas para evaluar la validez convergente y tres factores significativos. Se concluye que la versión adaptada del idc tiene propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, por lo que puede ser usada en población colombiana, pero se recomienda realizar una validación con una muestra más grande y usar herramientas como una entrevista clínica para establecer el alcance diagnóstico del inventario.
Rel@cionamentos.com: Diferenciando os Relacionamentos Amorosos Mediados e não Mediados pela Internet
Authors: Haack Karla Rafaela , Falcke Denise 
Published: February 2017

O objetivo deste estudo quantitativo foi descrever o perfil discriminante entre relacionamentos amorosos mediados pela internet e relacionamentos amorosos não mediados por esta de 86 participantes. As variáveis que discriminaram os grupos foram decisão/compromisso, paixão, intimidade, satisfação, tempo geral de uso diário de internet, tempo diário de uso de internet direcionado para manter contato social e problemas conjugais. A internet tem sido utilizada para contatos amorosos, porém os resultados deste estudo indicam que ela serve essencialmente como meio para aproximar pessoas que talvez nunca se encontrassem sem esse recurso; contudo, sugere-se que a continuidade do relacionamento depende do encontro presencial.
Os estudos sobre a Relação Família-Escola no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Saraiva-Junges Lisiane Alvim , Wagner Adriana 
Published: February 2017

A Relação Família-Escola tem atraído interesse de muitos pesquisadores, pois quando bem estabelecida previne comportamentos disfuncionais. No Brasil, percebem-se algumas lacunas na abordagem desta temática, o que motivoua realização deste estudo. O objetivo deste trabalho, portanto, foi conhecer o estado da arte do tema “Relação Família-Escola” em nosso país a partir de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. O levantamento resultou em 31 artigos que foram analisados sob o ponto de vista metodológico e temático. Os artigos refletem a complexidade inerente à temática, assim como as metodologias disponíveis para aceder a ela. Alguns denotam certa dificuldade de delimitação do objeto de pesquisa. Conclui-se que a produção acadêmica sobre o tema no Brasil encontra-se em momento de diagnóstico de dificuldades e constatação da necessidade de propostas de intervenção para otimização, mas ainda não se percebem avanços quanto à proposições práticas que fomentem uma parceria efetiva entre escola e famílias.
An activity theory analysis of learning in and for inter-school work
Authors: Daniels Harry 
Published: February 2017

Neste artigo, discutirei a teoria da atividade. Este grupo altamente influente de escrita é visto como uma retomada e uma extensão das ideias originais Vygotskianas na formação social da mente por A.N. Leontiev (1978) e seus colegas que inicialmente trabalharam como parte do grupo de Vygotsky em Moscou e partiram para um novo cenário com novas ênfases teóricas na Carcóvia. Em um nível muito geral de descrição, os teóricos da atividade procuram analisar o desenvolvimento da consciência dentro da atividade social prática. Sua preocupação é com os impactos psicológicos da atividade e as condições sociais e sistemas que são produzidos na e através de tal atividade. Abrirei este artigo esboçando algumas das distinções, das fissuras e divisões que se formaram na área desde que o corpo original de trabalho do início do século XX tornou-se extensamente disponível no ocidente. Em seguida, apresentarei um breve resumo da metodologia desenvolvida por Engeström e seus colegas em Helsinque. Concluirei o artigo descrevendo uma série de questões que estão presentes nos debates em curso.
From controlled experiments to formative interventions in studies of agency: methodological considerations
Authors: Laitinen Anne , Sannino Annalisa , Engeström Yrjö 
Published: February 2017

O artigo explora a possibilidade de desenvolver uma metodologia para estudar o surgimento da ação agentiva experimentalmente. Ele discute as limitações da pesquisa experimental clássica e busca uma perspectiva diferente sobre a questão do controle. O argumento começa por analisar como o conceito de uma experiência tem se expandido ao longo dos anos na pesquisa científica social. Em seguida, novas aberturas são consideradas para experiências além do paradigma de controle e uma metodologia de intervenções formativas, particularmente adequadas ao estudo do surgimento de ações agentivas. São sugeridas três qualidades centrais de experimentos além do paradigma de controle dentro da abordagem histórico-cultural, a saber: (1) construir sobre os conflitos de motivação dos participantes; (2) focalizar a formação de ações agentivas dos participantes de dar sentido e transformar a situação experimental (3) seguindo com expansões temporais e espaciais para além do quadro inicial da experiência. O artigo conclui com uma discussão das implicações metodológicas mais amplas dessas novas aberturas.
Perfil nutricional e alimentar de escolares matriculados em uma escola municipal
Authors: Coleone Joane Diomara , Kümpel Daiana Argenta , Alves Ana Luisa Sant'Anna , Mattos Carolina Bevenuti de 
Published: February 2017

Objetivo: Conhecer o perfil nutricional e alimentar de escolares matriculados na Escola Municipal de Ipiranga do Sul.Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal com 113 escolares de 5 a 19 anos, matriculados em uma Escola Municipal de Ipiranga do Sul (RS). Os dados foram coletados através de questionários e medidas antropométricas. As variáveis sociodemográficas investigadas foram: idade, sexo, cor, escolaridade, classe econômica e recebimento de benefício pelo Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). Avaliou-se o estado nutricional dos escolares através da classificação do índice de massa corporal para idade e circunferência do braço. Para a avaliação do consumo alimentar utilizou-se o questionário de frequência alimentar E-Kindex.Resultados: Dos 113 escolares avaliados, prevaleceu o sexo masculino, crianças, cor de pele branca, pertencentes a classe econômica B e C e sem recebimento ao PBF. A maior prevalência foi de escolares eutróficos (67,3%) e com consumo alimentar adequado. Na análise bivariada entre o estado nutricional e fatores associados, observa-se que a maior prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade esteve associada a cor de pele não branca (p=0,036), pertencer as classes econômicas C, D e E (p=0,044) e ser beneficiado pelo PBF (p=0,008).Conclusão: A maioria dos escolares apresentaram-se eutróficos, porém 30,1% estavam com excesso de peso. Destaca-se o baixo consumo diário de frutas, verduras e legumes, apesar da aparente adequação do consumo alimentar. Ações de educação alimentar e nutricional, previstas no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, devem ser reforçadas, a fim de promover melhora na situação alimentar e nutricional dos escolares.
Bacteriological and antibiotic susceptibility study of pyodermas at a tertiary care center in central Karnataka
Authors: Hulmani Manjunath , Meti Prabhakar , V. JagannathKumar 
Published: February 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Pyoderma is defined as a skin infection mainly caused by <em>Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes</em> or both. Pyoderma is a common skin infection in India and constitutes major portion of patients in dermatological clinics. Many cases nowadays do not respond to the antibiotics that were previously sensitive. In order to successfully treat cases of pyodermas, sound knowledge is necessary regarding the etiology and their sensitivity patterns. Objectives of this study were to determine clinico-epidemiological and etiological factors associated in patients with pyoderma and to find sensitivity pattern of isolated organisms to various antibiotics commonly used<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span>A hospital based cross sectional study was performed on 100 patients </span>presenting with bacterial skin infections to the Dermatology out-patient department of a tertiary care centre in Central Karnataka. Clinical and epidemiological features were recorded on a predefined proforma. Sterile swabs were used to collect the pus from the lesions under aseptic precaution. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolated strains to different groups of drugs was tested on Muller Hinton agar by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Primary pyodermas was seen more in the age group of 21-30 years (21%), followed by 31-40 years (19%). Folliculitis (32%) was the commonest clinical type followed by furuncles (28%). Among the gram positive isolates, Vancomycin (88.24%), Linezolid (86.67%) and Cefoxitin (71%) were the most susceptible drugs, whereas Amoxicillin (92.86%) and penicillin G (88.37%) were the most resistant drugs<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Pyodermas have been the major cause of morbidity since long. Even though pyoderma is a common condition, emerging multidrug resistant strains is of major concern to treat these conditions. Suitable and judicious selection of antibiotics by using antibiotic sensitivity data would limit the emerging drug resistant strains in the future to treat these clinical conditions successfully<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>
Położenie małych miast na tle środowiska przyrodniczego dna pradoliny warszawsko-berlińskiej
Authors: Kobojek Elżbieta 
Published: February 2017

Pradolina warszawsko-berlińska jest ważnym elementem w krajobrazie Polski Środkowej. Forma ta ma złożoną budowę geologiczną i mozaikowy układ siedlisk. Dno pradoliny jest szerokie (1,2–5 km) i zbudowane z dwóch powierzchni: fragmentów terasy piaszczystej i równiny zalewowej (namuły). W dwóch odcinkach pradoliny duże powierzchnie zajmują torfowiska. Takie warunki miały wpływ na rozwój osadnictwa. Artykuł przedstawia środowiskowe uwarunkowania lokalizacji małych miast w dnie pradoliny. Przeanalizowano położenie topograficzne dziesięciu miast. Analiza różnych elementów środowiska przyrodniczego wskazuje, że głównym czynnikiem decydującym o lokalizacji miast były walory geomorfologiczne i hydrologiczne. Większość miast została ulokowana na wysokim stoku pradoliny, a tylko jedno miasto zostało zbudowane na obydwu brzegach rzeki. Środowisko przyrodnicze dna pradoliny jest barierą w rozwoju przestrzennym miast. W dnie pradoliny zachowało się cenne środowisko przyrodnicze, dlatego przedstawiono położenie miast na tle obszarów chronionych (park krajobrazowy, obszar Natura 2000). Małe miasta i środowisko przyrodnicze dna pradoliny tworzą harmonijny krajobraz.
Genetic divergence studies in cluster bean genotypes
Authors: Wankhade R.S. , Kale V.S. , Nagre P.K. , Patil R.K. 
Published: February 2017

The present experiments were carried out at Department of Horticulture, Dr. PDKV, Akola and Regional Research Centre, Amravati during the years 2013-14 and 2014-15. Fifty five genotypes of cluster bean were assessed for genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D2 technique. Among the characters studied in all four environmental conditions, gum content in seed (63.50%), plant spread (17.17%), number of primary branches per plant (4.65%), days to first flower (3.77%), hundred seed weight (2.09%), days to 50 % flowering(1.95%), seed to husk ratio (1.68%) and ten dry pod weight (1.35%) contributed 95 percent to the total divergence. Genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters using Tocher’s method. Cluster V was the largest group, involving 17 genotypes followed by twelve genotypes were grouped in cluster IV, eleven genotypes in cluster III and six genotype each in cluster I and II. The remaining solitary clusters (VI, VII and VIII) contained only one genotype each. The genotypes from the solitary clusters showed high divergence and useful in breeding. The intra-cluster distance ranged from 0 to 9.15. Cluster V possessed the highest intra-cluster distance (D2=9.15), followed by cluster IV (D2=6.34), cluster III (D2=4.71), cluster II (D2=3.31), and cluster I (D2=2.65). The clusters comprised of only one genotype had zero intra-cluster distance (cluster VI to VIII). The average inter-cluster distance reveled the maximum divergence(D²) between cluster V and VIII (D²=37.26) followed by cluster III and V (D²=29.92), cluster VI and VIII (D²=25.51). On the basis of inter cluster distance and performance observed in the present study a breeding programme involving genotypes for a specific character has been selected using cluster mean.
„VASPITLJIVOST EMOCIJA”: PREMA „EMOCIONALNO PISMENOJ ŠKOLI“
Authors: Marić Jurišin Stanislava , Kostović Svetlana 
Published: February 2017

Poslednjih godina emocionalna pismenost kao koncept, zasluženo pronalazi svoje mesto i u vaspitno-obrazovnom sistemu. Škola kao, deklarisana ustanova sa vaspitnom funkcijom postaje mesto na kome se emocije ‚‚uče” i ‚‚vaspitavaju”. U radu je dat osvrt na istorijski razvoj koncepta emocionale pismenosti i soci-emocionalnih kompetencija kao ključnih kompetencija za XXI vek. Za polaznu osnovu uzet je Štajnerov model učenja emocionalne pismenosti pri čemu se poseban naglasak stavlja na segmente emocionalne svesnosti kao što su: emocionalna otupelost, fizičke senzacije, haotično primalno iskustvo, diferencijacija emocija, empatija i interaktivnost. Analizirajući relevantnu literaturu primetno je da raste broj istraživanja čiji rezultati idu u prilog tvrdnjama da se socijalne i emocionalne kompetencije mogu naučiti kroz programe integrisane u školski kurikulum, pri čemu takvi programi utiču i na smanjenje problematičnog ponašanja učenika i emocionalnih poteškoća, a istovremeneo povećavaju socijalnu prilagođenost i podstiču akademska postignuća. U radu je dat prikaz aktuelnog stanja u našim školama kao i primeri dobre prakse iz zemalja koji se već duže bave socijalno-emocionalnim učenjem. Uzimajući u obzir akutnu situaciju na ovom polju u vaspitno-obrazovnoj praksi u R Srbiji u radu su date i značajne pedagoške implikacije koje ukazuju da u tom procesu podjednaka prava ali i obaveze imaju nastavnici, deca, škola, porodica, lokalna zajednica, resorno ministarstvo...
Canola as a New Crop for California: A Simulation Study
Authors: George Nicholas , Kaffka Stephen 
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas
The accuracy of the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator crop model for simulating canola production in California was tested.
The crop model accurately predicted canola yields across the state.
Simulations support observations from multi‐environments trials that canola has both high mean yields and yield potential in California.
The simulation results suggest canola is a viable alternative crop for diversifying cool‐season annual cropping in California.
Canola could maintain economically viable yields under climate change scenarios projected for the region.
The agricultural sector of California is one of the most economically valuable and diverse in the world, but is dominated by perennial tree, vine and forage crops, as well as warm‐season annual species that are dependent on irrigation. The diversity of less water‐intensive annual cool‐season crops is limited and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the primary crop. Canola (Brassica napus L.) could diversify annual cool‐season cropping in the state. Our study used field data from a multi‐environment canola variety trial to test the ability of the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model to simulate canola production in California. APSIM was able to accurately simulate canola yields in diverse regions, and consequently was used to investigate the yield potential of canola in California, using different irrigation management strategies, under both current and anticipated future climate scenarios. These simulations predict that canola should have high mean yields throughout California, given suitable management and variety selection. The long‐term mean yield for short‐season, spring‐type, canola in the central valley of California is predicted to be more than 4800 kg/ha with supplemental irrigation. Under rain‐fed conditions in the northern central valley mean yields are predicted to be 3500 kg/ha. This should make canola economically competitive with cool‐season cereals. Without additional improvements in variety adaptation or management changes, our simulations suggest the yield of canola in California will decline modestly, but remain economically viable, under future climate scenarios.