bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are varus knees contracted? Reconciling the literature
Authors: McAuliffe Michael J , Vakili Ali , Garg Gautam , Roe John , Whitehouse Sarah L , Crawford Ross 
Published: September 2017

Purpose: There is direct literature conflict regarding coronal plane contracture or laxity in the end-stage varus osteoarthritic knee. Understanding the preoperative soft tissue status is important for optimizing the soft tissue envelope during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: The lower limb was manipulated using computer navigation, prior to surgical releases, to allow the limb weight-bearing axis to pass through the knee centre in maximum extension and 20° of flexion. Coronal plane laxity was measured in 78 varus (−7.7° ± 2.8°) knees as medial and lateral displacement from this point and compared to published values for healthy subjects. Results: Medial contracture was present in 12.8% (10/78) of the knees. Of these 10 knees, 5 displayed abnormal lateral laxity. Knees with a contracture in maximum extension also displayed a significant decrease ( p < 0.0001) in medial laxity at 20° of flexion compared to non-contracted knees. In maximum extension, 19.2% (15/78) of knees had abnormally increased lateral laxity, 10 did not have a medial contracture. The remaining five knees with increased lateral laxity or 6.4% (5/78) of the total cohort also displayed a medial contracture. Lateral laxity increased significantly with increasing varus deformity. Medial laxity did not significantly decrease when comparing varus deformity of 5–10° versus >10°. Conclusion: The majority of varus knees with deformity of up to 15° have neither a medial contracture nor abnormal lateral laxity when referenced to the individualized neutral axis of the knee. Surgical releases during TKA should be uncommon. Medial contracture when present is influenced by both posterior and medial structures. Lateral laxity is a more consistent feature of the varus knee. The patterns of contracture and laxity are variable with limited correlation to deformity.
Transcriptomic gene signatures associated with persistent airflow limitation in patients with severe asthma
Authors: Hekking Pieter-Paul , Loza Matthew J. , Pavlidis Stelios , De Meulder Bertrand , Lefaudeux Diane , Baribaud Frederic , Auffray Charles , Wagener Ariane H. , Brinkman Paul , Lutter René , Bansal Aruna T. , Sousa Ana R. , Bates Stewart A. , Pandis Ioannis , Fleming Louise J. , Shaw Dominick E. , Fowler Stephen J. , Guo Yike , Meiser Andrea , Sun Kai , Corfield Julie , Howarth Peter , Bel Elisabeth H. , Adcock Ian M. , Chung Kian Fan , Djukanovic Ratko , Sterk Peter J. 
Published: September 2017

A proportion of severe asthma patients suffers from persistent airflow limitation (PAL), often associated with more symptoms and exacerbations. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, our aim was to discover unexplored potential mechanisms using Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA), a sensitive technique that can detect underlying pathways in heterogeneous samples.Severe asthma patients from the U-BIOPRED cohort with PAL (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio below the lower limit of normal) were compared with those without PAL. Gene expression was assessed on the total RNA of sputum cells, nasal brushings, and endobronchial brushings and biopsies. GSVA was applied to identify differentially enriched predefined gene signatures based on all available gene expression publications and data on airways disease.Differentially enriched gene signatures were identified in nasal brushings (n=1), sputum (n=9), bronchial brushings (n=1) and bronchial biopsies (n=4) that were associated with response to inhaled steroids, eosinophils, interleukin-13, interferon-α, specific CD4+T-cells and airway remodelling.PAL in severe asthma has distinguishable underlying gene networks that are associated with treatment, inflammatory pathways and airway remodelling. These findings point towards targets for the therapy of PAL in severe asthma.
General Anesthesia Imposes Negative Effects on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Regulation in Patients With a History of Head and Neck Radiation Therapy
Authors: Zheng Gang , Dong Wenli , Lewis Carol M. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:
Head and neck radiation therapy (HNRT) impairs baroreflex sensitivity, and it may potentiate the effects of anesthetics on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) regulation. Currently, the impacts of HNRT on HR and BP under anesthesia remain unclear.

METHODS:
In this study, 472 patients with primary oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer at all stages were examined. Half of the patients underwent HNRT plus surgery. The other half underwent surgery only and was matched with the treatment patients according to age, sex, and body mass index at a 1:1 ratio. The HRs and BPs in the 2 groups during anesthetic induction, skin incision, and emergence were compared retrospectively. A multivariable model of repeated measures with unstructured covariance structure was used to examine the associations of HNRT with intraoperative HRs and BPs after adjusting for baseline HR and BP, time, use of β-blockers, history of chemotherapy, and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score. BPs and HRs were collected every 5 minutes. The baseline HR and BP measurements were not included in the outcome vector and were only used as adjustment for baselines.

RESULTS:
Compared with corresponding baseline values in controls, the baseline HR was significantly higher (P = .0012) and the baseline systolic BP was lower (P < .0001) in the treatment group. The baseline diastolic BP levels did not differ significantly (P = .6411). Fewer patients receiving HNRT than controls took β-blockers daily (17% vs 28%; P = .0041). Comparing the corresponding values in control and treatment groups, multivariable analysis revealed significant associations of HNRT with decreases in HR during anesthesia induction (−2.21 [95% confidence interval {CI}, −4.42 to −0.01]; P = .0492) and skin incision (−2.66 [95% CI, −5.16 to −0.16]; P = .0373) and of HNRT with decreases in systolic BP during anesthesia induction (−6.88 [95% CI, −10.99 to −2.78]; P = .0011) and skin incision (−15.87 [95% CI, −20.45 to −11.29]; P < .001). However, we observed a significant association of HNRT with decrease in diastolic BP only during skin incision (−6.50 [95% CI, −9.47 to −3.53]; P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The significant finding in the study was that general anesthesia imposed a negative chronotropic effect on HR in the group given HNRT. Therefore, one should be watchful for bradycardia in these patients; particularly those with low BPs. Their hemodynamics may rapidly progress into an unstable status when bradycardia and hypotension develop altogether.
Recent advances in understanding autoimmune thyroid disease: the tallest tree in the forest of polyautoimmunity
Authors: Bliddal Sofie , Nielsen Claus Henrik , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla 
Published: September 2017

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is often observed together with other autoimmune diseases. The coexistence of two or more autoimmune diseases in the same patient is referred to as polyautoimmunity, and AITD is the autoimmune disease most frequently involved. The occurrence of polyautoimmunity has led to the hypothesis that the affected patients suffer from a generalized dysregulation of their immune system. The present review summarizes recent discoveries unravelling the immunological mechanisms involved in autoimmunity, ranging from natural autoimmunity to disease-specific autoimmunity. Furthermore, the clinical grounds for considering AITD in a setting of polyautoimmunity are explored. A better understanding of these may pave the way for designing new treatment modalities targeting the underlying immune dysregulation when AITD appears in the context of polyautoimmunity.
Oral rehydration of malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration: A systematic review
Authors: Houston Kirsty A. , Gibb Jack G. , Maitland Kathryn 
Published: September 2017

Background: Diarrhoea complicates over half of admissions to hospital with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the management of dehydration recommend the use of oral rehydration with ReSoMal (an oral rehydration solution (ORS) for SAM), which has lower sodium (45mmols/l) and higher potassium (40mmols/l) content than old WHO ORS. The composition of ReSoMal was designed specifically to address theoretical risks of sodium overload and potential under-treatment of severe hypokalaemia with rehydration using standard ORS. In African children, severe hyponatraemia at admission is a major risk factor for poor outcome in children with SAM complicated by diarrhoea. We therefore reviewed the evidence for oral rehydration therapy in children with SAM. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on 18th July 2017 comparing different oral rehydration solutions in severely malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration, using standard search terms. The author assessed papers for inclusion. The primary endpoint was frequency of hyponatraemia during rehydration. Results: Six RCTs were identified, all published in English and conducted in low resource settings in Asia. A range of ORS were evaluated in these studies, including old WHO ORS, standard hypo-osmolar WHO ORS and ReSoMal. Hyponatraemia was observed in two trials evaluating ReSoMal, three children developed severe hyponatraemia with one experiencing convulsions. Hypo-osmolar ORS was found to have benefits in time to rehydration, reduction of stool output and duration of diarrhoea. No trials reported over-hydration or fatalities. Conclusions: Current WHO guidelines strongly recommend the use of ReSoMal based on low quality of evidence. Studies indicate a significant risk of hyponatraemia on ReSoMal in Asian children, none have been conducted in Africa, where SAM mortality remains high. Further research should be conducted in Africa to evaluate optimal ORS for children with SAM and to generate evidence based, practical guidelines
Machine Speed Scaling by Adapting Methods for Convex Optimization with Submodular Constraints
Authors: Shioura Akiyoshi , Shakhlevich Natalia V. , Strusevich Vitaly A. 
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we propose a new methodology for the speed-scaling problem based on its link to scheduling with controllable processing times and submodular optimization. It results in faster algorithms for traditional speed-scaling models, characterized by a common speed/energy function. Additionally, it efficiently handles the most general models with job-dependent speed/energy functions with single and multiple machines. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been addressed prior to this study. In particular, the general version of the single-machine case is solvable by the new technique in O(n2) time. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0758 .
Analysis of Deterministic Control and Its Improvements for an Inventory Problem with Multiproduct Batch Differentiation
Authors: Ahn Hyun-Soo , Jasin Stefanus , Kaminsky Philip , Wang Yang 
Published: September 2017

We consider a multiperiod planning problem faced by a biopharmaceutical firm that must coordinate the production and allocation of batches of intermediate products to end products for multiple markets. This is a challenging problem to solve optimally, so we derive a theoretical bound on the performance of a deterministic control (DC) in which all random variables are replaced by their expected values and the corresponding deterministic optimization problem is solved. This is a variant of an approach that is widely used in practice. We show that while DC can perform poorly in some instances, simple reoptimizations of DC (i.e., certainty equivalent control (CEC)) improve the performance of DC. That said, the benefit of reoptimization decreases as the magnitude of demand variation increases. To address this, and also to provide guidance for heuristic design, we derive performance bounds for two additional heuristic controls—(1) open-loop feedback control (OLFC), which reoptimizes a sequence of stochastic programs with a complete demand distribution information, and (2) multipoint approximation control (MPAC), which solves a dynamic program using an approximate demand distribution that incorporates slightly more distributional information beyond simple expected values. We show that although OLFC outperforms CEC, its improvement can be limited. On the other hand, with carefully chosen approximate demand distributions, MPAC can significantly outperform OLFC. This suggests that, in our setting, fully capturing decision dynamics coupled with a small amount of additional distributional information beyond expected values is more useful than fully capturing the demand distribution but coupling that with insufficient modeling of decision dynamics. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1647 .
Application of the Rietveld Method in the Reynolds Cup Contest
Authors: Ufer Kristian , Raven Mark D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Reynolds Cup (RC) is a unique round-robin competition that was established by The Clay Minerals Society in 2000 to assess the level of precision and accuracy that is attainable for the mineralogical analysis of a wide range of complex clay-rich materials. Although the Reynolds Cup roundrobin allows any possible analysis methods, X-ray diffraction (XRD) is by far the most frequently used technique. It is not only used to identify components, but also for quantitative phase analysis (QPA). QPA means determination of the relative concentrations of the coexisting phases in a mixture, commonly as a weight percent (wt.%) or mass fraction. Several approaches allow a quantitative determination of mineral contents, such as the Rietveld method (Rietveld, 1967). The successful application of the Rietveld method for QPA requires that all components are correctly identified and that the component diffraction patterns are appropriately described, which is preferably based on structure. In addition, the quality of a Rietveld quantification also depends on suitable sample preparation and measurement conditions, as well as a correct description of instrument configurations. Results from all previous Reynolds Cup contests show that a successful quantification depends strongly on the skill of users. Although the refinement procedure itself is automatic and, therefore, user independent, the results are strongly influenced by the structural models and refinable parameters that are selected and on the limitations of those parameters. Selected examples for the successful application of Rietveld refinement as well as the limitations of the method will be discussed in this article. The goal of the present work was to demonstrate that the Rietveld method is in principle capable of quantifying all Reynolds Cup samples with a high degree of accuracy, but sample specific difficulties and analysts’ inexperience may impede successful application. Incorrect results are often not indicated simply by low residuals or good fits. All refinement results should be validated and corrected using supplementary techniques, even if the results appear acceptable.
Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clay Montmorillonite STx-1b
Authors: Castellini Elena , Malferrari Daniele , Bernini Fabrizio , Brigatti Maria Franca , Castro German Rafael , Medici Luca , Mucci Adele , Borsari Marco 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFor more than forty years, The Clay Minerals Society has dispensed a set of source clays which have enabled a large number of researchers to work on similar materials. Many of these source clays remained unchanged over the years but, conversely, other clays have gone out of stock and thus were replaced. This was the fate of montmorillonite STx-1a, which was replaced by STx-1b. Although STx-1a and STx-1b share many basic chemical and mineralogical features, some minor differences exist that can affect behavior. A baseline characterization of the source clay STx-1b, which was the objective of this study, was, therefore, necessary to provide researchers a tool useful not only for new investigation but also to compare new results obtained on STx-1b with literature data on STx-1a. This characterization was gained using traditional and advanced methods that included: 1) chemical composition (major and trace elements); 2) cation exchange capacity determination; 3) thermal analyses coupled with evolved gas mass spectrometry; 4) quantitative mineralogical characterization using powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld- RIR (Reference Intensity Ratio) refinement; 5) X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Fe K-edge; 6) diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectroscopies; and 7) 29Si, 27Al, and 1H magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. According to this multi-analytical approach, the chemical formula for STx-1b is [4](Si7.753Al0.247) [6](Al3.281Mg0.558Fe0.136Ti0.024Mn0.002) [12](Ca0.341Na0.039 K0.061)O20(OH)4.
Oxidation and Catalytic Oxidation of Dissolved Sulfide by Manganite in Aqueous Systems
Authors: Luo Yao , Li Shan , Tan Wenfeng , Qiu Guohong , Liu Fan , Cai Chongfa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAs one of the strongest inorganic oxidizers in natural environments, manganese oxides participate in the oxidation processes of dissolved sulfides, affecting their migration, transformation, and toxicity. The amount of and sites for Mn(III) influence significantly the oxidation activity of Mn(IV) oxides. As an easily formed Mn oxide in supergene environments, manganite consists of Mn(III)O6 octahedra; further study is needed of the interaction processes of manganite and dissolved sulfide. In the present study, the interaction mechanisms of dissolved sulfide and manganite were studied systematically. The influences of pH, temperature, and oxygen atmosphere were also investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the crystal structures, compositions, and micromorphologies of manganite and the intermediate products. The sulfide species were identified by visible spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and ion chromatography during the reaction process. The results indicated that in a nitrogen atmosphere, elemental sulfur was formed as the main oxidation product of dissolved sulfide by manganite at the initial stage, and polysulfide ions were observed as the intermediates. Elemental sulfur was further oxidized slowly to S2O32−. The initial oxidation rate of dissolved sulfide by manganite increased with temperature from 20 to 40°C. The reaction rate increased at first and then decreased as the pH changed from 4.0 to 12.0, and the greatest oxidation rate was achieved at pH 8.0. In the presence of oxygen, S2O32− was the main product. The oxidation rate of dissolved sulfide decreased, and manganite exhibited significant catalytic activity and stability with respect to the oxidation of dissolved sulfide in the oxygenated aqueous systems. These findings are of fundamental significance in understanding the interaction and transformation of dissolved sulfide and manganese oxides in nature.
Preparation of Organo-Montmorillonites and the Relationship Between Microstructure and Swellability
Authors: Yu Wei Hua , Zhu Ting Ting , Tong Dong Shen , Wang Min , Wu Qi Qi , Zhou Chun Hui 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHydrophobicity, swellability, and dispersion are important properties for organo-montmorillonites (OMnt) and have yet to be fully characterized for all OMnt configurations. The purpose of the present work was to examine the preparation of OMnt from the reaction of Ca2+-montmorillonite (Ca2+-Mnt) with a high concentration of surfactant and to reveal the relevant properties of hydrophobicity and dispersion of the resultant OMnt. A series of OMnt samples were prepared using a small amount of water and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with a concentration more than the CTAB critical micelle concentration (CMC). The relationship between OMnt microstructure and the hydrophobicity and swellability properties was investigated in detail. The resulting OMnt samples were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), water contact angle tests, swelling indices, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The addition of CTAB and water in the OMnt preparation affected the OMnt microstructure and properties. An increase in CTAB concentration led to a more ordered arrangement of cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA+) cations in the interlayer space of the OMnt and a large amount of CTA+ cations on the outer surfaces of the OMnt. The swelling indices and the water contact angles of OMnt samples depended on the distribution of the CTAB surfactant on OMnt and the orientation of the surfactant hydrophilic groups on the inner and on the outer surfaces of OMnt. A maximum swelling index of 39 mL/g in xylene was achieved with an average water contact angle of 62.0° ± 2.0° when the amount of CTAB added was 2 times the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of Mnt and the lowest water to dry Mnt mass ratio was 3 during the preparation of OMnt samples. The platelets of OMnt aggregated together in xylene by electrostatic attraction and by hydrophobic interactions.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Property of Honeycombed-Core Girderless Floor with Four Edges Simply Supported
Authors: Yang W. , Jiang P. , Han B. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
To study the basic mechanical property of the new cast-in-place reinforced-concrete honeycombed-core girderless floor, experiments were performed for large-scale loading on reinforced-concrete honeycombed-core girderless floor, simply supported on four edges. Further, finite-element analysis for the honeycombed-core floor was conducted using ANSYS software. The overall analysis indicated that deformation of the floor at the elastic stage was relatively small. On the other hand, the overall rigidity and cracking resistance of the floor were high, which indicated that the mechanical behavior of the entire slab could be improved by increasing the width of the flat beam. The proposed floor design can be extensively applied to the construction work because of its good mechanical behavior.
Residência artística: corpos-políticos e táticas analíticas aos processos de apagamento
Authors: Ciotti Naira , Moreira Vicente Martos 
Published: September 2017

Este artigo dicute a residência artística relacionada aos circuito dos afetos e a possibilidade de reação aos chamados corpos políticos em consecutivos processos de apagamentos históricos. Os afetos identificados como geradores dos atuais corpos políticos são o medo e o desamparo, apontados por Vladimir Safatle em seu livro O circuito dos afetos (2016), e os processos de apagamento provém das reflexões levantadas pela socióloga holandesa Saskia Sassem. A partir de Antonio Negri estabelecemos o conceito de performance como ação produtiva na criação de efêmeros espaços do comum. Também debruçados nos estudos do crítico de arte Nicolás Bourriaud (2009), apontamos as práticas de pós-produção como metodologia para um exercício de residir artisticamente. Residências artísticas são processos em que criação e compartilhamento se fundem e, no campo da performance arte, podem criar um campo de configuração (COHEN, 2002). Compõe também este estudo um relato sobre a residência REPERFORMAR O AFETO (Natal/RN, 2016). Palavras-chave: Performance; residência artística; pós-produção.