bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a novel drug, zonisamide, in the modulation of oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Hirayama Masaaki , Minato Tomomi , Maeda Tetsuya , Nakamura Tomohiko , Katsuno Masahisa 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundUrinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine is frequently used as an index of cytotoxicity, particularly for oxidative stress. Current research shows that urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine levels increase with age, disease duration and severity in patients with Parkinson's disease. In particular, a previous study reported that 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine levels were increased in patients with hallucinations.AimUrinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine levels were investigated as an indicator of clinical progression of Parkinson's disease. Urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine was examined in association with oxidative stress, in addition to modification by drug administration.MethodsWe recruited 122 patients with Parkinson's disease (mean age 66.9 ± 7.9 years; severity [Hoehn and Yahr scale] 2.2 ± 0.9). Data obtained from 73 patients who underwent long‐term analysis of urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine levels for at least two consecutive years were used for longitudinal analysis. Changes in urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine levels were used as a disease biomarker, while Hoehn and Yahr stage was used as an indicator of severity.ResultsBaseline urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine levels were found to significantly correlate with age at examination, Hoehn and Yahr stage, scores on the total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, and part 1.2 (hallucinations). In patients received dopamine agonists, changes in Hoehn and Yahr stage and urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine were significant over 1 year, indicating a worsening of pathology. In zonisamide‐treated patients, urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine levels usually decreased.ConclusionIn Parkinson's disease patients, oxidative stress correlates with disease progression. As studies suggest zonisamide inhibits neuronal cell death, our results support a possible role for zonisamide in the suppression of oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease.
Subcellular reprogramming of metabolism during cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hoermiller Imke I. , Naegele Thomas , Augustin Hanna , Stutz Simon , Weckwerth Wolfram , Heyer Arnd G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMetabolite changes in plant leaves during exposure to low temperatures involve re‐allocation of a large number of metabolites between sub‐cellular compartments. Therefore, metabolite determination at the whole cell level may be insufficient for interpretation of the functional significance of cellular compounds. To investigate the cold‐induced metabolite dynamics at the level of individual sub‐cellular compartments, an integrative platform was developed that combines quantitative metabolite profiling by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) with the non‐aqueous fractionation technique allowing separation of cytosol, vacuole and the plastidial compartment.Two mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana representing antipodes in the diversion of carbohydrate metabolism between sucrose and starch were compared to Col‐0 wildtype before and after cold acclimation to investigate interactions of cold acclimation with subcellular re‐programming of metabolism. A multivariate analysis of the data set revealed dominant effects of compartmentation on metabolite concentrations that were modulated by environmental condition and genetic determinants. While for both, the starchless mutant of plastidial phospho‐gluco mutase (pgm) and a mutant defective in sucrose‐phosphate synthase A1, metabolic constraints, especially at low temperature, could be uncovered based on subcellularly resolved metabolite profiles, only pgm had lowered freezing tolerance. Metabolic profiles of pgm point to redox imbalance as a possible reason for reduced cold acclimation capacity.
Explaining the content of impact assessment in the United Kingdom: Learning across time, sectors, and departments
Authors: Fritsch Oliver , Kamkhaji Jonathan C. , Radaelli Claudio M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWhile several studies have documented how evidence‐based policy instruments affect public policy, less research has focused on what causes changes over time in the analyses mandated by the instruments, especially in Britain. Thus, we take the analytical content of a pivotal regulatory reform instrument (impact assessment) as a dependent variable, draw on learning as a conceptual framework, and explain the dynamics of learning processes across departments, policy sectors, and time. Empirically, our study draws on a sample of 517 impact assessments produced in Britain (2005–2011). Experience and capacity in different departments matter in learning processes. Guidelines also matter, but moderately so. Departments specialize in their core policy sectors when performing regulatory analysis, but some have greater analytical capacity overall. Peripheral departments invest more in impact assessment than core executive departments. The presence of a regulatory oversight body enhances the learning process. Elections have different effects, depending on the context in which they are contested. These findings contribute to the literature on regulation, policy learning, and policy instruments.
Statistical Modelling of a Terrorist Network
Authors: Aitkin Murray , Vu Duy , Francis Brian 
Published: September 2016

Summary
The paper investigates the group structure in a terrorist network through the latent class model and a Bayesian model comparison method for the number of latent classes. The analysis of the terrorist network is sensitive to the model specification. Under one model it clearly identifies a group containing the leaders and organizers, and the group structure suggests a hierarchy of leaders, trainers and ‘foot soldiers’ who carry out the attacks.
The Pattern of Social Fluidity within the British Class Structure: A Topological Model
Authors: Bukodi Erzsébet , Goldthorpe John H. , Kuha Jouni 
Published: September 2016

Summary
It has previously been shown that, across three British birth cohorts, relative rates of intergenerational social class mobility have remained at an essentially constant level among men and also among women who have worked only full time. We establish the pattern of this prevailing level of social fluidity and its sources and determine whether it also persists over time, and we bring out its implications for inequalities in relative mobility chances. We develop a parsimonious model for the log-odds-ratios which express the associations between individuals’ class origins and destinations. This model is derived from a topological model that comprises three kinds of readily interpretable binary characteristics and eight effects in all, each of which does, or does not, apply to particular cells of the mobility table, i.e. effects of class hierarchy, class inheritance and status affinity. Results show that the pattern as well as the level of social fluidity are essentially unchanged across the cohorts, that gender differences in this prevailing pattern are limited and that marked differences in the degree of inequality in relative mobility chances arise with long-range transitions where inheritance effects are reinforced by hierarchy effects that are not offset by status affinity effects.
Cultivating Better Food Access? The Role of Farmers' Markets in the U.S. Local Food Movement
Authors: Schupp Justin L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe local food movement has grown substantially in the United States in recent years. Proponents have hailed this growth as a shift away from a conventional food system rife with inequality toward one that introduces more just outcomes for society. While the movement's development and popularity have proliferated, little research has examined nationally how successful it is at delivering on its promises. By combining the social movement and food system literatures with quantitative methodology, this article examines the accessibility of the farmers' market across the United States. Using multivariate logistic regression, the analysis focuses on several identifying characteristics of individuals within and characteristics of neighborhoods across the United States to explore what increases (or decreases) the likelihood of a farmers' market being located within their boundaries. The results suggest that several social, economic, and racial differences exist between those living in areas with farmers' markets and those in areas that do not. Additionally, the analysis found that several neighborhood characteristics significantly influence the likelihood of a farmers’ market being present, including a neighborhood's socioeconomic status, the quality of neighborhood infrastructure, participation rates in social support programs, and the prevalence of poverty. In addition to posing questions of accessibility for the local food movement this research contributes to our understanding of grassroots social movements by examining the avenues and potential limitations that they negotiate while ensuring their stated goals are reached.
Measurement of the Appearance and Growth of Tow Buckling Defect in the Frame of Complex Shape Manufacturing Process by Using Fringe Projection Technique
Authors: Ouagne P. , Soulat D. , Tephany C. , Gillibert J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDuring the manufacturing of composite complex shape parts, defects such as tow buckles characterised by out of plane elevation may appear. The parameters controlling the appearance and growth of the defect are not completely understood and need to be investigated. A device capable of reproducing tow buckles has been used to study the tow buckling phenomenon. Several techniques able to measure out of plane elevations are discussed to detect the appearance and evaluate continuously the growth of the tow buckle in relation to its size and shape. The fringe projection technique was chosen as it gives the best compromise between the size of the defect to measure and its resolution.If the in‐plane bending angle is the main criterion at the origin of the tow buckle appearance and growth, it is not the only one. This work shows that the fabric architecture such as the space between the tows perpendicular to the one showing the buckle is also crucial to control the buckle's appearance and growth. It also shows that the differential bi‐axial loading of the fabric as well as the stiffness of the tows in the three main directions greatly influences the appearance of the defect.
Aspergillus spp. panophthalmitis with intralenticular invasion in dogs: report of two cases
Authors: Wooff Penelope J. , Dees Darryl D. , Teixeria Leandro 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis case series describes the ocular, clinical and histologic manifestations of disseminated Aspergillosis in two dogs. Two dogs presented for severe unilateral panophthalmitis and secondary glaucoma with positive Aspergillus spp. titers. Case 1 showed no clinicopathologic systemic symptoms of fungal dissemination, however, case 2 was affected with acute renal failure. The affected eye of case 1 did not respond to medical therapy and was enucleated for comfort. The affected eye of case 2 responded to aggressive topical and systemic medical therapies, however, the patient was euthanized for acute renal failure. Globes were collected for histologic evaluation at the time of death. Histology of both revealed panophthalmitis with presence of significant intraocular hemorrhage, multifocal fungal granulomas, retinal and optic nerve changes consistent with secondary glaucoma, rupture of the anterior lens capsule, and fungal invasion and colonization of the intralenticular space. These cases represent a unique and devastating ocular manifestation of disseminated Aspergillosis. Cases presenting with uveitis and secondary glaucoma of unknown origin, especially with confirmed or suspected lens capsular rupture, should have serologic testing for this infectious agent.
Cellular Exit Strategies of Intracellular Bacteria
Authors: Hybiske Kevin , Stephens Richard 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The coevolution of intracellular bacteria with their eukaryotic hosts has presented these pathogens with numerous challenges for their evolutionary progress and survival. Chief among these is the ability to exit from host cells, an event that is fundamentally linked to pathogen dissemination and transmission. Recent years have witnessed a major expansion of research in this area, and this chapter summarizes our current understanding of the spectrum of exit strategies that are exploited by intracellular pathogens. Clear themes regarding the mechanisms of microbial exit have emerged and are most easily conceptualized as (i) lysis of the host cell, (ii) nonlytic exit of free bacteria, and (iii) release of microorganisms into membrane-encased compartments. The adaptation of particular exit strategies is closely linked with additional themes in microbial pathogenesis, including host cell death, manipulation of host signaling pathways, and coincident activation of proinflammatory responses. This chapter will explore the molecular determinants used by intracellular pathogens to promote host cell escape and the infectious advantages each exit pathway may confer, and it will provide an evolutionary framework for the adaptation of these mechanisms.
Teaching Public Health Professionals Entrepreneurship: An Integrated Approach
Authors: Martin W. Marty , Mazzeo John , Lemon Briana 
Published: September 2016

Entrepreneurship is reflected in mass media and pop culture by television shows like Shark Tank and The Profit. In fact, entrepreneurship was characterized as the hype of the 1990s (De Leeuw, 1999) and entrepreneurship education has since been described as booming (Fayolle, 2013). The increase in college degree programs in entrepreneurship has been documented by a range of researchers (Jones et al., 2012; Kuratko, 2005; Wakefield, 2012). Recently, such entrepreneurship programs have begun to extend across campuses and beyond the walls of business schools. Such cross campus programs are currently to be found in curricula in the arts, the sciences, and engineering, as well as in medical schools (Nambisan, 2015).The aim of the present paper is to describe an interdepartmental entrepreneurship curriculum with extra-curricular activities developed at DePaul University in Chicago, Illinois, for graduate students in public health. Before describing this entrepreneurship curriculum, the changing healthcare landscape is briefly reviewed; the conceptual links between entrepreneurship and the social determinants model of health explored, and entrepreneurship education in the health professions discussed. Shepherd and Patzelt (2015) assert that entrepreneurship scholarship has pushed health topics largely to the periphery. This paper represents an attempt to bring entrepreneurial education among public health professionals closer to the core of healthcare.
Maximizing Heterogeneous Processor Performance Under Power Constraints
Authors: Adileh Almutaz , Eyerman Stijn , Jaleel Aamer , Eeckhout Lieven 
Published: September 2016

Heterogeneous processors (e.g., ARM’s big.LITTLE) improve performance in power-constrained environments by executing applications on the ‘little’ low-power core and move them to the ‘big’ high-performance core when there is available power budget. The total time spent on the big core depends on the rate at which the application dissipates the available power budget. When applications with different big-core power consumption characteristics concurrently execute on a heterogeneous processor, it is best to give a larger share of the power budget to applications that can run longer on the big core, and a smaller share to applications that run for a very short duration on the big core.
This article investigates mechanisms to manage the available power budget on power-constrained heterogeneous processors. We show that existing proposals that schedule applications onto a big core based on various performance metrics are not high performing, as these strategies do not optimize over an entire power period and are unaware of the applications’ power/performance characteristics. We use linear programming to design the DPDP power management technique, which guarantees optimal performance on heterogeneous processors. We mathematically derive a metric (Delta Performance by Delta Power) that takes into account the power/performance characteristics of each running application and allows our power-management technique to decide how best to distribute the available power budget among the co-running applications at minimal overhead. Our evaluations with a 4-core heterogeneous processor consisting of big.LITTLE pairs show that DPDP improves performance by 16% on average and up to 40% compared to a strategy that globally and greedily optimizes the power budget. We also show that DPDP outperforms existing heterogeneous scheduling policies that use performance metrics to decide how best to schedule applications on the big core.
Gypsophila munzurensis (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Tunceli (Turkey)
Authors: ARMAGAN METIN 
Published: September 2016

A new annual species belonging to the genus Gypsophila sect. Hagenia—G. munzurensis—is here described and compared with the similar G. pilosa as part of the study of the flora of Tunceli (Turkey). G. munzurensis differs from G. pilosa by its shape of the leaves and petals, indumentum of stem, pedicel and calyx. A detailed description, and original photographs are provided as well as the current distribution area and the conservation status are also discussed.
A new species of lizard Placosoma Tschudi, 1847 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the relictual forest mountains of the State of Ceará, Brazil
Authors: BORGES-NOJOSA DIVA MARIA , CARAMASCHI ULISSES , RODRIGUES MIGUEL TREFAUT 
Published: September 2016

A new species of Placosoma Tschudi, 1847, until now restricted to the Atlantic Forest areas of southeastern Brazil is described based on specimens obtained about 1700 km north to the current distribution of the genus. Placosoma limaverdorum spec. nov. is apparently endemic to three “brejos-de-altitude”, relictual forest mountains surrounded by dry Caatingas, in the State of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. It differs from their congeners by the presence of an undivided transparent palpebral disk, a divided nasal scale with a central nostril, a deep tympanic recess, a distinctive and thin light vertebral stripe on the dorsal surface of the head, body and tail, femoral pores present only in males (21–26), preanal pores absent and additionally by having 21–24 rows of transverse ventral scales, 34–38 dorsals, dorsal, lateral and ventral scales smooth, dorsal scales quadrangular, longer than wide, except in the neck region, where they are wider than long.
Synoptic Features Associated with Temporally Coherent Modes of Variability of the North Pacific Jet Stream
Authors: Griffin Kyle S. , Martin Jonathan E. 
Published: September 2016

Time-extended EOF (TE-EOF) analysis is employed to examine the synoptic-scale evolution of the two leading modes of the North Pacific jet stream variability, namely, its zonal extension–retraction (TE-EOF 1) and the north–south shift of its exit region (TE-EOF 2). Use of the TE-EOF analysis enables a temporally coherent examination of the synoptic-scale evolution preceding and following peaks in each of the two leading modes that provides insight into the preferred evolutions of the North Pacific jet.Composite analyses are constructed based upon selecting peaks in the principal component time series of both phases of each TE-EOF whose magnitude exceeded 1.5 standard deviations. Jet extension events are associated with an anomalous cyclonic circulation over the Gulf of Alaska that induces a low-level warm anomaly over western North America. Jet retractions are associated with a nearly opposite configuration characterized by an anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the Aleutians and anomalous low-level cold anomaly over western North America. Similar but lower-amplitude upper-level patterns are noted in the composites of the corresponding poleward-/equatorward-shifted jet phases, with the poleward shift of the jet exit region tied to anomalously low geopotential heights over Alaska and anomalous low-level warmth over north-central North America. An equatorward shift of the exit region is tied to positive height anomalies over Alaska with downstream cold anomalies occurring in western North America. The more extreme downstream impacts that characterize TE-EOF 2 are also longer lasting (>5 days), suggesting potential utility in medium-range forecasts.
Detecting Improvements in Forecast Correlation Skill: Statistical Testing and Power Analysis
Authors: Siegert Stefan , Bellprat Omar , Ménégoz Martin , Stephenson David B. , Doblas-Reyes Francisco J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe skill of weather and climate forecast systems is often assessed by calculating the correlation coefficient between past forecasts and their verifying observations. Improvements in forecast skill can thus be quantified by correlation differences. The uncertainty in the correlation difference needs to be assessed to judge whether the observed difference constitutes a genuine improvement, or is compatible with random sampling variations. A widely used statistical test for correlation difference is known to be unsuitable, because it assumes that the competing forecasting systems are independent. In this paper, appropriate statistical methods are reviewed to assess correlation differences when the competing forecasting systems are strongly correlated with one another. The methods are used to compare correlation skill between seasonal temperature forecasts that differ in initialization scheme and model resolution. A simple power analysis framework is proposed to estimate the probability of correctly detecting skill improvements, and to determine the minimum number of samples required to reliably detect improvements. The proposed statistical test has a higher power of detecting improvements than the traditional test. The main examples suggest that sample sizes of climate hindcasts should be increased to about 40 years to ensure sufficiently high power. It is found that seasonal temperature forecasts are significantly improved by using realistic land surface initial conditions.