bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the Role of Sea Surface Temperature in Modulating Cloud and Precipitation Properties over the Southern Ocean?
Authors: Huang Yi , Siems Steven T. , Manton Michael J. , Rosenfeld Daniel , Marchand Roger , McFarquhar Greg M. , Protat Alain 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This study employs four years of spatiotemporally collocated A-Train satellite observations to investigate cloud and precipitation characteristics in relation to the underlying properties of the Southern Ocean (SO). Results show that liquid-phase cloud properties strongly correlate with the sea surface temperature (SST). In summer, ubiquitous supercooled liquid water (SLW) is observed over SSTs less than about 4°C. Cloud-top temperature (CTT) and effective radius of liquid-phase clouds generally decrease for colder SSTs, whereas the opposite trend is observed for cloud-top height, cloud optical thickness, and liquid water path. The deduced cloud depth is larger over the colder oceans. Notable differences are observed between “precipitating” and “nonprecipitating” clouds and between different ocean sectors. Using a novel joint SST–CTT histogram, two distinct liquid-phase cloud types are identified, where the retrieved particle size appears to increase with decreasing CTT over warmer water (SSTs &gt;~7°C), while the opposite is true over colder water. A comparison with the Northern Hemisphere (NH) storm-track regions suggests that the ubiquitous SLW with markedly smaller droplet size is a unique feature for the cold SO (occurring where SSTs &lt;~4°C), while the presence of this cloud type is much less frequent over the NH counterparts, where the SSTs are rarely colder than about 4°C at any time of the year. This study also suggests that precipitation, which has a profound influence on cloud properties, remains poorly observed over the SO with the current spaceborne sensors. Large uncertainties in precipitation properties are associated with the ubiquitous boundary layer clouds within the lowest kilometer of the atmosphere.
Determinants of pain and functioning in knee osteoarthritis: a one-year prospective study
Authors: Helminen Eeva-Eerika , Sinikallio Sanna H , Valjakka Anna L , Väisänen-Rouvali Rauni H , Arokoski Jari PA 
Published: August 2016

Objective: To identify predictors of pain and disability in knee osteoarthritis. Design: A one-year prospective analysis of determinants of pain and functioning in knee osteoarthritis. Study setting: Primary care providers in a medium-sized city. Patients: A total of 111 patients aged from 35 to 75 with clinical symptoms and radiographic grading (Kellgren-Lawrence 2–4) of knee osteoarthritis who participated in a randomized controlled trial. Main measures: The outcome measures were self-reported pain and function, which were recorded at 0, 3 and 12 months. Disease-specific pain and functioning were assessed using the pain and function subscales of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index. Generic physical and mental functioning were assessed using the RAND-36 subscales for function, and physical and mental component summary scores. Possible baseline predictors for these outcomes were 1) demographic, socioeconomic and disease-related variables, and 2) psychological measures of resources, distress, fear of movement and catastrophizing. Results: Multivariate linear mixed model analyses revealed that normal mood at baseline measured with the Beck Anxiety Inventory predicted significantly better results in all measures of pain (WOMAC P=0.02) and function (WOMAC P=0.002, RAND-36 P=0.002) during the one-year follow-up. Psychological resource factors (pain self-efficacy P=0.012, satisfaction with life P=0.002) predicted better function (RAND-36). Pain catastrophizing predicted higher WOMAC pain levels ( P=0.013), whereas fear of movement (kinesiophobia) predicted poorer functioning (WOMAC P=0.046, RAND-36 P=0.024). Conclusions: Multiple psychological factors in people with knee osteoarthritis pain are associated with the development of disability and longer term worse pain.
The development and validation of a novel outcome measure to quantify mobility in the dysvascular lower extremity amputee: the amputee single item mobility measure
Authors: Norvell Daniel C , Williams Rhonda M , Turner Aaron P , Czerniecki Joseph M 
Published: August 2016

Objective: This study describes the development and psychometric evaluation of a novel patient-reported single-item mobility measure. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Four Veteran’s Administration Medical Centers. Subjects: Individuals undergoing their first major unilateral lower extremity amputation; 198 met inclusion criteria; of these, 113 (57%) enrolled. Interventions: None. Main measures: The Amputee Single Item Mobility Measure, a single item measure with scores ranging from 0 to 6, was developed by an expert panel, and concurrently administered with the Locomotor Capabilities Index-5 (LCI-5) and other outcome measures at six weeks, four months, and 12 months post-amputation. Criterion and construct validity, responsiveness, and floor/ceiling effects were evaluated. Responsiveness was assessed using the standardized response mean. Results: The overall mean 12-month Amputee Single Item Mobility Measure score was 3.39 ±1.4. Scores for transmetatarsal, transtibial, and transfemoral amputees were 4.2 (±1.3), 3.2 (±1.5), and 2.9 (±1.1), respectively. Amputee Single Item Mobility Measure scores demonstrated “large” and statistically significant correlations with the LCI-5 scores at six weeks (r = 0.72), four months (r = 0.81), and 12 months (r = 0.86). At four months and 12 months, the correlation between Amputee Single Item Mobility Measure scores and hours of prosthetic use were r = 0.69 and r = 0.66, respectively, and between Amputee Single Item Mobility Measure scores and Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales functional restriction scores were r = 0.45 and r = 0.67, respectively. Amputee Single Item Mobility Measure scores increased significantly from six weeks to 12 months post-amputation. Minimal floor/ceiling effects were demonstrated. Conclusions: In the unilateral dysvascular amputee, the Amputee Single Item Mobility Measure has strong criterion and construct validity, excellent responsiveness, and does not exhibit floor/ceiling effects.
Doctors’ reports about palliative systemic treatment: A medical record study
Authors: Buiting Hilde M , Brink Mirian , Wijnhoven Marleen N , Lokker Martine E , van der Geest Lydia GM , Terpstra Wim E , Sonke Gabe S 
Published: August 2016

Background: Decisions about palliative systemic treatment are key elements of palliative and end-of-life care. Such decisions must often be made in complex, clinical situations. Aim: To explore the content of medical records of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer with specific emphasis on doctors’ notes about decisions on palliative systemic treatment. Design: Medical record review (2009–2012) of 147 cancer patients containing 276 notes about palliative systemic treatment. We described the proportion of notes/medical records containing pre-specified items relevant to palliative systemic treatment. We selected patients using the nationwide Netherlands Cancer Registry. Setting: Hospital based. Results: About 75% of all notes reported doctors’ considerations to start/continue palliative systemic treatment, including information about the prognosis (47%), possible survival gain (22%), patients’ wish for palliative systemic treatment (33%), impact on quality of life (8%), and patient’s age (3%). Comorbidity (82%), smoking status (78%) and drinking behaviour (63%) were more often documented than patients’ performance status (16%). Conversations with the patient/family about palliative systemic treatment were reported in 49% of all notes. Response measurements and dose adaptations were documented in 75% and 71% of patients who received palliative systemic treatment respectively. Conclusion: Medical records provide insight into the decision-making process about palliative systemic treatment. The content and detail of doctors’ notes, however, widely varies especially concerning their palliative systemic treatment considerations. Registries that aim to measure the quality of (end-of-life) care must be aware of this outcome. Future research should further explore how medical records can best assist in evaluating the quality of the decision-making process in the patient’s final stage of life.
Cranial dural permeability of inflammatory nociceptive mediators: Potential implications for animal models of migraine
Authors: Zhao Jun , Bree Dara , Harrington Michael G , Strassman Andrew M , Levy Dan 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundApplication of inflammatory mediators to the cranial dura has been used as a method to activate and sensitize neurons in the meningeal sensory pathway in preclinical behavioral studies of headache mechanisms. However, the relatively high concentrations and volumes used in these studies raise the question of whether the applied agents might pass through the dura to act directly on central neurons, thus bypassing the dural afferent pathway.MethodsWe used a radiolabeling approach to quantify the meningeal permeability of two of the inflammatory mediators, 5-HT and PGE2, when applied to the cranial dura as part of an inflammatory mixture used in preclinical headache models.ResultsBoth agents could be detected in samples taken four hours after dural application in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and, in measurements made only for PGE2, in the central nervous system (CNS) as well. Based on our measurements, we made estimates of the CSF and CNS levels that would be attained with the higher concentrations and volumes of 5HT and PGE2that were exogenously applied in previous pre-clinical headache studies. These estimated levels were comparable to or larger than normal endogenous levels, potentially large enough to have physiological effects.ConclusionsThe finding that the cranial meninges are permeable to the two tested inflammatory mediators PGE2and 5-HT raises some uncertainty about whether the behavioral changes observed in prior pre-clinical headache studies with these as well as other agents can be attributed entirely to the activation of dural nociceptors, particularly when the agents are applied at concentrations several orders of magnitude above physiological levels.
Recruitment of general practices: Is a standardised approach helpful in the involvement of healthcare professionals in research?
Authors: Riis Allan , Jensen Cathrine E , Maindal Helle T , Bro Flemming , Jensen Martin B 
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Health service research often involves the active participation of healthcare professionals. However, their ability and commitment to research varies. This can cause recruitment difficulties and thereby prolong the study period and inflate budgets. Solberg has identified seven R-factors as determinants for successfully recruiting healthcare professionals: relationships, reputation, requirements, rewards, reciprocity, resolution, and respect. Method: This is a process evaluation of the seven R-factors. We applied these factors to guide the design of our recruitment strategy as well as to make adjustments when recruiting general practices in a guideline implementation study. In the guideline implementation study, we studied the effect of outreach visits, quality reports, and new patient stratification tools for low back pain patients. Results: During a period of 15 months, we recruited 60 practices, which was fewer than planned (100 practices). In this evaluation, five of Solberg’s seven R-factors were successfully addressed and two factors were not. The need to involve (reciprocity) end users in the development of new software and the amount of time needed to conduct recruitment (resolution) were underestimated. Conclusion: The framework of the seven R-factors was a feasible tool in our recruitment process. However, we suggest further investigation in developing systematic approaches to support the recruitment of healthcare professionals to research.
A new iterative scheme for numerical reckoning fixed points of total asymptotically nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Pansuwan Adoon , Sintunavarat Wutiphol 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new iterative algorithm to approximate fixed points of total asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in $\operatorname{CAT}(0)$
CAT
(
0
)
spaces. We also provide two examples to illustrate the convergence behavior of the proposed algorithm and numerically compare the convergence of the proposed iteration scheme with the existing schemes.
TLR2-mediated leukocyte trafficking to the developing brain
Authors: Mottahedin Amin , Smith Peter Lawrence Phillip , Hagberg Henrik , Ek C Joakim , Mallard Carina 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Inflammation is a significant risk factor for brain injury in the perinatal period. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that activation of peripheral TLR induces inflammation in the brain, including leukocyte trafficking. Postnatal day 8 mice were injected intraperitoneally with a TLR1/2 (Pam3CSK4, P3C), TLR2/6 (FSL-1) or TLR4 (LPS) agonist, and the peripheral and central cytokine and chemokine response was determined. Infiltration of immune cells to the CSF and brain was examined by flow cytometry, and brain permeability was investigated by radioactively labeled sucrose. We report that peripheral administration of P3C to neonatal mice induces significant influx of leukocytes, mainly neutrophils and monocytes, to the CSF and brain. Infiltration of leukocytes was TLR2 and MyD88 dependent, but largely absent after administration of LPS or FSL-1. PC3-mediated accumulation of immune cells in the brain was observed in classic CNS-leukocyte gateways, the subarachnoid space and choroid plexus, as well as in the median eminence. Although P3C and LPS induced a similar degree of peripheral inflammatory responses, P3C provoked a distinct brain chemokine response and increased permeability, in particular, of the blood-CSF barrier. Collectively, our results do not support the hypothesis that TLR activation, in general, induces immune cell infiltration to the brain. Instead, we have discovered a specific TLR2-mediated mechanism of CNS inflammation and leukocyte invasion into the neonatal brain. This interaction between peripheral and central immune responses is to a large extent via the blood-CSF barrier.
Near-surface S-wave velocities estimated from traffic-induced Love waves using seismic interferometry with double beamforming
Authors: Nakata Nori 
Published: August 2016

I use ambient noise, especially traffic noise, to estimate the 2D near-surface S-velocity distribution. Near-surface velocities are useful for understanding structure, stiffness, porosity, and pore pressure for engineering/environmental purposes and static correction of active-source imaging. I extract Love waves propagating between each receiver pair from 12 h of traffic noise using seismic interferometry with power-normalized crosscorrelation. The receiver array contained three parallel lines, each of which had 100 transverse-component geophones. I apply double beamforming to the correlations at the parallel lines for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the extracted Love waves to satisfy the stationary phase assumption for seismic interferometry. I use these Love waves for a dispersion analysis to estimate a 2D near-surface S-wave velocity model based on the multichannel analysis of surface waves. To improve the lateral resolution of the velocity model, I sort the extracted waves according to common midpoints (CMPs) and limited the maximum offset of receiver pairs. The dispersion analysis at each CMP is based on the assumption of layered media, and using all CMPs, I can estimate high-resolution 2D velocities down to 80 m depth. The velocity variations are similar to the location of strong reflectors obtained by a previous study. The main features of the velocity model are recovered even from 1 h of continuous traffic-noise data, which means that the proposed technique can be used for efficient 4D surveys.
Application of multiparameter full-waveform inversion in Central Luconia Basin, Sarawak
Authors: Goh Vanessa , Halleland Kjetil , Plessix René-Édouard , Stopin Alexandre 
Published: August 2016

Reducing velocity inaccuracy in complex settings is of paramount importance for limiting structural uncertainties, therefore helping the geologic interpretation and reservoir characterization. Shallow velocity variations due, for instance, to gas accumulations or carbonate reefs, are a common issue offshore Malaysia. These velocity variations are difficult to image through standard reflection-based velocity model building. We have applied full-waveform inversion (FWI) to better characterize the upper part of the earth model for a shallow-water field, located in the Central Luconia Basin offshore Sarawak. We have inverted a narrow-azimuth data set with a maximum inline offset of 4.4 km. Thanks to dedicated broadband preprocessing of the data set, we could enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in the 2.5–10 Hz frequency band. We then applied a multiparameter FWI to estimate the background normal moveout velocity and the [Formula: see text]-parameter. Full-waveform inversion together with broadband data processing has helped to better define the faults and resolve the thin layers in the shallow clastic section. The improvements in the velocity model brought by FWI lead to an improved image of the structural closure and flanks. Moreover, the increased velocity resolution helps in distinguishing between two different geologic interpretations.
Environmental Trade-Offs in Nitrogen Oxide Removal from Ship Engine Exhausts
Authors: Andersson K , Winnes H 
Published: August 2016

The emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x) from ship engines constitute an increasing part of the total global emissions of NO x while the share from land-based sources is decreasing. In the coming years, new regulations will set limits to emissions in specific areas and various technical countermeasures will be developed and implemented. However, when taking technical measures against emissions on a local scale, there is always a risk of inducing an increase in the total environmental impact related to the technology used, owing to increased energy use and emissions in other places. In the present study, an investigation of the difference in environmental impact from passenger transport vessels with and without catalytic NO x emission purification was performed in a life cycle assessment. The production and transport of chemicals used in the catalyst are included in the study. The study shows that the use of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) gives a considerable decrease in the environmental impact compared with using a diesel engine without a catalyst. The transport of urea solution over a 500 km distance makes a very small contribution to the total environmental impact. The global warming potential is the only impact category for which values are increased when including the urea production and transport. When looking at the contribution from urea to the total impact from the SCR process, the increase is less than 10 per cent for most impact categories.
Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement in a Carcinoid Heart
Authors: Loyalka Pranav , Schechter Michael , Nascimbene Angelo , Raman Ajay Sundara , Ilieascu Cezar A. , Gregoric Igor D. , Kar Biswajit 
Published: August 2016

Carcinoid heart disease presents as right-sided heart failure attributable to the dysfunction of the tricuspid and pulmonary valves. Although surgical valve replacement is the mainstay of treatment when patients become symptomatic, it is associated with substantial perioperative mortality rates.
We present a case of severe pulmonary valve stenosis secondary to carcinoid heart disease, treated successfully with percutaneous valve replacement. A 67-year-old man with severe pulmonary valve stenosis was referred to our center for pulmonary valve replacement. The patient had a history of metastatic neuroendocrine tumor of the small bowel with carcinoid syndrome, carcinoid heart disease, and tricuspid valve regurgitation previously treated with surgical valve replacement.
Because of the patient's severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hostile chest anatomy seen on a computed tomographic scan dating from previous cardiothoracic surgery, we considered off-label percutaneous valve replacement a viable alternative to open-heart surgery. A 29-mm Edwards Sapien XT valve was successfully deployed over the native pulmonary valve. There were no adverse sequelae after the procedure, and the patient was discharged from the hospital the next day. This case report shows that percutaneous valve replacement can be a valid option in carcinoid heart disease patients who are not amenable to surgical valve replacement.
Weaver
Authors: Dubey Ayush , Hill Greg D. , Escriva Robert , Sirer Emin Gün 
Published: August 2016

Graph databases have become a common infrastructure component. Yet existing systems either operate on offline snapshots, provide weak consistency guarantees, or use expensive concurrency control techniques that limit performance.
In this paper, we introduce a new distributed graph database, called Weaver, which enables efficient, transactional graph analyses as well as strictly serializable ACID transactions on dynamic graphs. The key insight that allows Weaver to combine strict serializability with horizontal scalability and high performance is a novel request ordering mechanism called refinable timestamps. This technique couples coarse-grained vector timestamps with a fine-grained timeline oracle to pay the overhead of strong consistency only when needed. Experiments show that Weaver enables a Bitcoin blockchain explorer that is 8x faster than Blockchain.info, and achieves 10.9x higher throughput than the Titan graph database on social network workloads and 4x lower latency than GraphLab on offline graph traversal workloads.
GÊNESE DO HERÓI BANDIDO NA LITERATURA SERTANEJA
Authors: SIQUEIRA Ana Maria Alves 
Published: August 2016

Por meio da história do primeiro cangaceiro cantado pela musa popular- Cabeleira- Franklin Távora cria um romance que, além de oferecer um quadro elucidativo da origem do banditismo no sertão, entrelaçando história e imaginação, delineia diversos fatores sócio- econômicos culturais que sustentam o personagem como representação de um tipo popular na literatura sertaneja: o herói bandido. O artigo pretende, pois, a partir do estudo da obra e das trovas populares sobre o cangaceiro, delinear vários aspectos que fomentaram a gênese de tal fenômeno através da analise da origem da violência e da marginalidade no sertão, bem como da presença, no gosto popular da região, de uma especial predileção por aventuras cavaleirescas de valentia e heroísmos.PALAVRAS- CHAVE: cangaço; herói- bandido; aventura cavaleiresca.
Formas de dizer o indizível: a animação como recurso (testemunhal) em Postales de Leningrado e Infância Clandestina
Authors: SARMENTO-PANTOJA Tânia 
Published: August 2016

O estudo toma como corpus duas narrativas fílmicas: os filmes de ficção Postales de Leningrado e Infância Clandestina. São narrativas que tratam de aspectos relacionados à experiência com a ditadura em países da América Latina – respectivamente Venezuela e Argentina. Apresentam como protagonistas crianças, filhas e filhos de guerrilheiros na clandestinidade. Além da relação com as lutas estabelecidas por conta do regime de exceção, da experiência da clandestinidade e suas consequências avassaladoras para a vida, há um artifício técnico, o manuseio da animação, que desponta de modo peculiar nos dois filmes. Procedimento artístico que além de tornar mais próximas as duas narrativas estimula uma problematização importante para a teoria do testemunho: a agregação das técnicas de animação às narrativas de filmes com teor testemunhal favorecem a possibilidade de repensarmos aspectos próprios do testemunho, como a irrepresentabilidade do trauma? Pretendemos que esta questão conduza a análise dos objetos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Infância. Exceção. Resistência. Cinema.