bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Satisfaction With Life in Veterans After Traumatic Brain Injury: A VA TBI Model Systems Study
Authors: Gause Leah R. , Finn Jacob A. , Lamberty Greg J. , Tang Xinyu , Stevens Lillian Flores , Eapen Blessen C. , Nakase-Richardson Risa 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
To identify predictors of satisfaction with life in Veterans 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting:
The VA TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) project includes 5 Veterans Affairs (VA) Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers.

Participants:
Veterans enrolled in the VA TBIMS study who completed the Satisfaction With Life Scale at year 1 follow-up. The sample is largely male (96%) and Caucasian (72%), with a median age of 27 years upon enrollment.

Design:
Prospective observational cohort study measuring including demographics (eg, education), preinjury variables (eg, mental health history and employment), and military variables (eg, injury during deployment and injury during active duty status).

Main Outcome Measure:
Satisfaction With Life Scale.

Results:
Multivariate regression analyses revealed that age, marital status, preinjury employment status, preinjury mental health history, and active duty status at the time of injury were significant predictors of life satisfaction at year 1 follow-up.

Conclusions:
Results of this study suggest that satisfaction with life in Veterans with TBI is mediated by several factors that might inform rehabilitation interventions and discharge recommendations. Preinjury variables and active duty status (a unique aspect of the Veteran population) influence life satisfaction at 1 year postinjury. Limitations and future clinical implications will be discussed.
Supervision Needs Following Veteran and Service Member Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A VA TBI Model Systems Study
Authors: Bailey Erin K. , Nakase-Richardson Risa , Patel Nitin , Dillahunt-Aspillaga Christina , Ropacki Susan A. , Sander Angelle M. , Stevens Lillian , Tang Xinyu 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
To characterize supervision levels across residential settings at 1 year post-TBI and explore predictors of supervision in a Veteran and Service-member population.

Setting:
Five VA Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers.

Participants:
A total of 302 individuals enrolled in the VA TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) research program.

Design:
Prospective, longitudinal, multisite.

Main Measures:
Primary residence and supervision levels measured via scores on the Supervision Rating Scale. For predictive modeling, scores were dichotomized into 2 groups: those that were fully independent/living alone or required only some supervision during the day (independent group, n = 195) and those that required overnight supervision, full-time indirect supervision, and full-time direct supervision (dependent group, n = 107).

Results:
Thirty-five percent were receiving supervision at 1 year post-TBI across residential settings and 28% were living in alternative settings. Multivariate modeling indicated that older age and longer posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) were predictive of having a need for supervision at 1 year postinjury.

Conclusions:
Supervision needs are long-term features of moderate and severe TBI. Results of this study lend support to the shift toward conceptualizing TBI as a chronic disease.
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio as a Novel Predictor of Outcome in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Chen Weiqiang , Yang Jinhua , Li Bingbing , Peng Guoyi , Li Tianfei , Li Lianjie , Wang Shousen 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to be a predictor of outcome in critical illness. Objective of this study was to investigate the changes of the NLR in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and analyze the relationship between the NLR and TBI outcome.

Setting:
China.

Participants:
A total of 855 patients with severe TBI from January 2007 to April 2012.

Design:
Retrospective.

Main Measurement:
Data on the NLR and other indicators were collected. After follow-up until death or 1 year, the relationship between the NLR and TBI outcome was analyzed retrospectively.

Results:
The final analysis included 688 patients. There were 508 (73.8%) who had an unfavorable outcome by 1 year after head trauma. The value of the NLR on admission was significantly higher in the unfavorable outcome group than in the favorable outcome group (P < .001). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that higher NLR was associated with an unfavorable outcome (odds ratio, 1.100; P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the NLR had a sensitivity of 60.2% and a specificity of 71.1% for predicting unfavorable outcome at 1 year on the basis of the best threshold.

Conclusion:
The NLR might be useful as a novel predictor for 1-year outcome and mortality in severe TBI.
Describing Weight Loss Attempts and Physical Activity Among Individuals With TBI Prior to Participation in a Weight-Loss Program
Authors: Driver Simon , Reynolds Megan , Douglas Megan , Bennett Monica 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
Describe (1) weight loss history, (2) perceptions about lifestyle changes, and (3) physical activity among a sample of individuals with traumatic brain injury prior to a 12-month lifestyle change program.

Setting:
Community-based.

Participants:
Individuals enrolled in a lifestyle change program, 6 months or more post–traumatic brain injury, body mass index of 25 or greater, 18 to 64 years of age, with physician's clearance to participate.

Design:
Convenience sample.

Main Measures:
Self-report data were collected before beginning the lifestyle change program including descriptive, weight loss history and physical activity behavior using the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire.

Results:
The final sample included 22 participants (M age = 46 years) injured a median of 8 years ago. Mean weight was 208.5 lb (SD = 40.2), with average body mass index of 31.84 (SD = 4.4). Since injury, 72.7% reported prior weight loss attempts, with 50% gaining 10 lb or more. All participants indicated high motivation for lifestyle changes. Perceived benefits included feeling better, improving overall health, and increased energy. Barriers included physical health complications. Types of physical activity completed included walking (68%, 180 min/mo) and swimming (32%, 79 min/mo).

Conclusion:
Results indicate that many individuals gained weight since injury and attempted weight loss, demonstrating a need for evidence-based lifestyle interventions. Future research is needed to determine whether individuals with traumatic brain injury are able to achieve and maintain weigh loss through intervention.
Blepharoplasty Effect on a Described Algorithmic Approach to External Ptosis Repair: Is It Time for Unbundling?
Authors: Rubinstein Tal J. , Repp Daniel J. , Sires Bryan S. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
To investigate the effects of performing a previously described algorithmic levator resection for involutional ptosis with a blepharoplasty instead of through a small incision.

Methods:
Eyelids with involutional ptosis and normal levator function were included in the study. An upper blepharoplasty was performed first. An external levator resection was then performed based on a described technique involving 2 mm resection of aponeurosis for 1 mm of desired lift, consistent tension on the aponeurosis between surgical cases, and standardized suture placement.

Results:
Forty-one eyelids of 25 patients were included. Mean postoperative margin to reflex distance 1 (MRD1) was 2.98 mm, which was significantly higher than preoperative MRD1 (0.67 mm), but lower than the predetermined goal MRD1 (3.35 mm). Eight eyelids did not meet primary outcome of MRD1 within 1 mm of goal MRD1, with 5 undercorrections. There was no difference between the postoperative MRD1 compared with the same ptosis technique performed through a small incision only, but there were more intraoperative suture adjustments and fewer eyelids meeting the primary outcome when a concurrent blepharoplasty was performed.

Conclusions:
The addition of blepharoplasty with a previously described algorithmic approach external levator resection has an 80% success rate in achieving the primary outcome. When compared with a small-incision ptosis repair, concurrent blepharoplasty results in a less predictable outcome and an increased need for intraoperative adjustment. Performing an algorithmic technique for external levator resection with a blepharoplasty has less predictable outcomes, which raises the question of separating the procedures to improve patient care.
Relationship between pubertal timing and chronic nonspecific pain in adolescent girls: the Young-HUNT3 study (2006-2008)
Authors: Kløven Barbro , Hoftun Gry B. , Romundstad Pål R. , Rygg Marite 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine a possible relationship between early puberty and chronic nonspecific pain in 13- to 18-year-old girls. All adolescents in Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway, were invited to participate in the Young-HUNT3 study (2006-2008). Of the invited girls, 81% answered the questionnaire and of these 3982 were 13 to 18 years of age. Menarche and perceived physical maturation were used as exposure measures. Early menarche was defined as <12 years, normal menarche as ≥12 and <14 years, and late menarche as ≥14 years. Perceived physical maturation was divided into maturing earlier, the same or later than others of their own age. The main outcome measure was chronic nonspecific pain, defined as pain in at least one location not related to any known disease or injury, for at least once a week during the last 3 months. The median age at menarche was 13.2 years. Chronic nonspecific pain was more prevalent among girls with early menarche (68%, 95% CI: 64%-72%) compared to girls with either normal (55%, 95% CI: 53%-57%), late (50%, 95% CI: 46%-54%), or no menarche (35%, 95% CI: 29%-40%). The association persisted after adjusting for age, body mass index, socioeconomic factors, and anxiety and depression. A similar association was found between girls that perceived themselves as earlier physically matured than their peers and chronic nonspecific pain. Headache/migraine was the most common type of chronic nonspecific pain regardless of menarcheal age. In all reported locations, pain was more prevalent in the group with early menarche compared to normal or late menarche.
Altered brain structure and function associated with sensory and affective components of classic trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Wang Yuan , Cao Dong-yuan , Remeniuk Bethany , Krimmel Samuel , Seminowicz David A. , Zhang Ming 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Classic trigeminal neuralgia (CTN) is a chronic neuropathic pain state characterized by intense, piercing spasms of the orofacial region, and may be attributable to abnormal pain processing in the central nervous system. Our study investigated neuronal alterations using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), diffuse tensor imaging (DTI), and resting-state functional connectivity in 38 patients with CTN and 38 matched healthy controls. For voxel-based morphometry analyses, patients with CTN displayed gray matter volume (GMV) reductions in the anterior-cingulate cortex (ACC) and mid-cingulate cortex, insula, secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), primary motor cortex (M1), premotor area, and several regions in the temporal lobe. For DTI analysis, patients compared with controls had increased mean diffusivity (MD) and decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the corpus callosum and the bilateral corona radiata, and increased mean diffusivity with no fractional anisotropy changes across the bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, the internal and external capsule, the thalamus and brainstem. Additionally, patients with CTN had enhanced functional connectivity between the right insula/S2 and ACC, medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, gray matter volume of left inferior temporal gyrus negatively correlated with current pain intensity and disease duration in patients, and connectivity of the right insula/S2-ACC was negatively correlated with pain intensity, depression, and anxiety ratings. This study provides multiple lines of evidence supporting aberrant structural and functional patterns that are observed in patients with CTN, which may help us better understand the pathophysiology of CTN and facilitate the development of new therapies for this disease.
Age-Group and Gender Differences in Stroke Knowledge in an Israeli Jewish Adult Population
Authors: Melnikov Semyon , Itzhaki Michal , Koton Silvia 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability and the fifth leading cause of death in Israel. Knowledge of stroke warning signs has been linked to early seeking of medical help. Little is known about knowledge of stroke warning signs in Israeli Jewish adults.

Methods:
Stroke knowledge was examined among Jewish Israeli adults. Using a structured questionnaire, registered nurses interviewed a convenience sample of the respondents, 18 years or older, with no stroke history. Stroke knowledge and demographics were examined by 3 age groups (<45, 45–64, and >64 years) in men and women.

Results:
In total, 1137 Jewish Israelis were interviewed, 457 (40.2%) men and 680 women (59.8%); 493 (43.4%) were younger than 45 years, 541 (47.6%) were aged 45 to 64 years, and 102 (9%) were older than 64 years; 1 (0.1%) did not report age. On average, each interview lasted for 25 to 30 minutes. Participants younger than 45 years showed the lowest knowledge of stroke cause. Women younger than 45 years were less likely to identify at least 2 stroke warning signs. Participants younger than 45 years were less likely to identify at least 2 risk factors, compared with participants aged 45 to 64 years and older than 64 years. Women younger than 45 years were less likely to identify at least 2 stroke prevention strategies.

Conclusion:
Participants younger than 45 years showed the lowest levels of stroke knowledge. The highest stroke knowledge was found in the 45 to 64 years age group. Stroke knowledge among different age groups was similar in both genders. Educational campaigns aimed at increasing knowledge of stroke among the general population and targeting the younger population are recommended.
Growth hormone treatment for growth hormone deficiency and idiopathic short stature: new guidelines shaped by the presence and absence of evidence
Authors: Grimberg Adda , Allen David B. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
The Pediatric Endocrine Society recently published new guidelines for the use of human growth hormone (hGH) and human insulin-like growth factor-I (hIGF-I) treatment for growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature, and primary IGF-I deficiency in children and adolescents. This review places the new guidelines in historical contexts of the life cycle of hGH and the evolution of US health care, and highlights their future implications.

Recent findings
The new hGH guidelines, the first to be created by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach, are more conservative than their predecessors. They follow an extended period of hGH therapeutic expansion at a time when US health care is pivoting toward value-based practice. There are strong supporting evidence and general agreement regarding the restoration of hormonal normalcy in children with severe deficiency of growth hormone or hIGF-I. More complex are issues related to hGH treatment to increase growth rates and heights of otherwise healthy short children with either idiopathic short stature or ‘partial’ isolated idiopathic growth hormone deficiency.

Summary
The guidelines-developing process revealed fundamental questions about hGH treatment that still need evidence-based answers. Unless and until such research is performed, a more restrained hGH-prescribing approach is appropriate.
Diagnosis and management of allergic contact dermatitis in children: common allergens that can be easily missed
Authors: Jacob Sharon E. , Brankov Nikoleta , Kerr Alastair 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
Contact dermatitis is an economically burdensome pediatric disease, and it is important to know the top allergens that have remained as top offenders for over the last decade.

Recent findings
A comparative analysis of the 20-allergen screen was done against the current top 40 pediatric allergens, and it revealed that the 20-allergen screening series would have theoretically only captured 47.5% of the relevant contact allergens (52.5% failure to detect rate). In addition, the T.R.U.E. Test (SmartPractice, Phoenix, Arizona, USA) would have revealed 60% of the top 40 allergens (40% failure to detect rate).

Summary
Patch testing in children has become a more common practice, and management requires the identification and avoidance of the offending allergen from the sensitized person's environment.
Outbreaks in the adult ICUs
Authors: Al-Dorzi Hasan M. , Arabi Yaseen M. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
Infectious disease outbreaks in the critical care setting are common and serious consequence. This article reviews and summarizes recent outbreaks in the adult ICUs.

Recent findings
Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant bacteria, fungi, and emerging viruses in ICUs from different countries are common. Outbreak investigation relies on epidemiologic methods, microbiologic studies, and molecular typing methods. Overuse of antibiotics, gaps in implementing infection prevention measures, and contaminated environment are common causes of ICU outbreaks. ICU staff awareness of and preparedness for such outbreaks are crucial for outbreak prevention and control. Specific infection control measures vary according to outbreak transmission mode and cause.

Summary
Outbreaks remain a significant threat to healthcare systems. Proper implementation of infection prevention practices and judicious use of antibiotics are needed for outbreak prevention in adult ICUs. Surveillance, proper outbreak investigation, adherence to infection prevention and control measures, and thorough disinfection of contaminated areas are required to successfully manage outbreaks.
Metabolic Inflammatory Complex in Sepsis: Septic Cachexia as a Novel Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: Kaneki Masao 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Despite several decades of focused investigation, sepsis remains a major cause of mortality in critically ill patients. Advancements in intensive care have enabled more patients to survive the acute phase of sepsis than previously, but a growing number of them progress to chronic critical illness. The failure of previous randomized clinical trials of anti-inflammatory agents to show any pro-survival benefit in septic patients underscores current thought that simple anti-inflammatory strategies are ineffective because the inhibitory effect of anti-inflammatory agents undermines the immune response to pathogens. New strategies with the dual capability of ameliorating inflammation in organs while stimulating antimicrobial activity are eagerly awaited. On the other hand, the metabolic alterations associated with systemic inflammatory response, including mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic shift, are closely linked through a nexus of signaling pathways and signaling molecules. Preventing these metabolic derangements may be an alternative way to control excessive inflammation, an intriguing possibility that has not been fully explored. New insight into the molecular pathogenesis of sepsis and sepsis-associated chronic critical illness has led to the recognition of septic cachexia, a life-threatening form of metabolic inflammatory complex associated with multiple organ dysfunction. The potential for septic cachexia to serve as a novel target disease state to improve the clinical outcome of septic patients is discussed in this review.
Focal Capillary Dropout Associated With Optic Disc Drusen Using Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Gaier Eric D. , Rizzo Joseph F. , Miller John B. , Cestari Dean M. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract:
Optic disc drusen may be a cause of visual field defects and visual loss. The mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. We report a patient who developed decreased vision in the right eye and was found to have a heavy burden of superficial optic disc drusen. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed focal retinal nerve fiber layer thinning that corresponded with the distribution of drusen. OCT angiography, with superficial laminar segmentation, showed focal capillary attenuation overlying the most prominent drusen. These findings demonstrate alterations in the superficial retinal capillary network associated with optic disc drusen.
Effects of olanexidine gluconate on preoperative skin preparation: an experimental study in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Nakata Hikaru , Tsubotani Yoshie , Nii Takuya , Hagi Akifumi , Inoue Yasuhide , Imamura Tadashi 
Published: May 2017

Purpose.To determine the bactericidal efficacy of a new topical antiseptic for preoperative skin preparation, olanexidine gluconate (development code: OPB-2045G), against transient or resident bacterial flora on the skin of cynomolgus monkeys.Methodology.After measuring baseline bacterial counts on test sites marked on the abdomens, we applied olanexidine, chlorhexidine or povidone–iodine. After 10 min (fast-acting effect) and 6 h (long-lasting effect), bacterial counts were measured again and log10reductions were calculated. In addition, we determined the bactericidal effects on the skin contaminated with blood before or after applying the antiseptics.Results.In the non-blood-contaminated condition, the mean log10reductions of olanexidine at doses of 1–2 % were significantly higher than those of saline (negative control), but did not significantly differ from those of 0.5 % chlorhexidine and 10 % povidone–iodine at either time point. But olanexidine was significantly more effective at both time points than chlorhexidine and povidone–iodine when applied after the site was contaminated with blood. Olanexidine was also significantly more effective than chlorhexidine and as effective as or more effective than povidone-iodine at both time points when skin was contaminated with blood after the antiseptics were applied.Conclusion.The bactericidal effects of olanexidine were comparable to those of commercial antiseptics such as chlorhexidine and povidone–iodine in non-blood-contaminated conditions. More importantly, the effect of olanexidine was hardly affected by blood unlike commercial antiseptics. Thus, it is considered that olanexidine has a favourable property for skin preparation in various types of surgical treatments.
Polygenic Link Between Blood Lipids And Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Chen Xu , Yazdani Solmaz , Piehl Fredrik , Magnusson Patrik K.E. , Fang Fang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDyslipidemia is common among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We aimed to test the association and causality between blood lipids and ALS, using polygenic analyses on the summary results of genome-wide association studies. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) based on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) risk alleles were significantly associated with a higher risk of ALS. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) specifically associated with LDL-C and TC as the instrumental variables, statistically significant causal effects of LDL-C and TC on ALS risk were identified in Mendelian randomization analysis. No significant association was noted between PRS based on triglycerides or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol risk alleles and ALS, and the PRS based on ALS risk alleles were not associated with any studied lipids. This study supports that high levels of LDL-C and TC are risk factors for ALS, and it also suggests a causal relationship of LDL-C and TC to ALS.