bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fear of crime amongst elders in India
Authors: Patel Avanish Bhai , Mishra Anindya Jayanta 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Crime against elderly people is a matter of grave concern in contemporary India. Today, they are being attacked with grievous harm, murder, and abusive behaviour by known and unknown persons. These cases have certainly had a negative impact on their way of life and sense of well-being. Consequently, fear of crime is being recognised as an emerging social problem among the elderly population in India. The purpose of this paper is to examine different types of crime that are being committed against the elderly, leading to a fear of crime. And, to identify the victim offender relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
– A mixed method approach has been applied in this paper. This study has been designed as an exploratory lead-in to a planned wider study. It examines the factors shaping the victimisation experience of the elderly. The study has been conducted from October 2012 to January 2013 on a sample of 220 elderly people living in both rural and urban areas of Lucknow in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Findings
– The findings suggest that emotional crime is a major problem among the elderly and more prevalent than crime against the body and property. The study has also found that elderly people have a fear of crime in their own houses due to victimisation.

Originality/value
– This is an original paper, which is based on the experiences of elderly people living in Indian society and discussed the impact of prior victimisation.
An Evaluation of Performance Thresholds in Nursing Home Pay‐for‐Performance
Authors: Werner Rachel M. , Skira Meghan , Konetzka R. Tamara 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivePerformance thresholds are commonly used in pay‐for‐performance (P4P) incentives, where providers receive a bonus payment for achieving a prespecified target threshold but may produce discontinuous incentives, with providers just below the threshold having the strongest incentive to improve and providers either far below or above the threshold having little incentive. We investigate the effect of performance thresholds on provider response in the setting of nursing home P4P.Data SourcesThe Minimum Data Set (MDS) and Online Survey, Certification, and Reporting (OSCAR) datasets.Study Setting and DesignDifference‐in‐differences design to test for changes in nursing home performance in three states that implemented threshold‐based P4P (Colorado, Georgia, and Oklahoma) versus three comparator states (Arizona, Tennessee, and Arkansas) between 2006 and 2009.Principal FindingsWe find that those farthest below the threshold (i.e., the worst‐performing nursing homes) had the largest improvements under threshold‐based P4P while those farthest above the threshold worsened. This effect did not vary with the percentage of Medicaid residents in a nursing home.ConclusionsThreshold‐based P4P may provide perverse incentives for nursing homes above the performance threshold, but we do not find evidence to support concerns about the effects of performance thresholds on low‐performing nursing homes.
Malnutrition screening of older adults in the community setting: Practices reported by Australian dietitians
Authors: Craven Dana L. , Pelly Fiona E. , Lovell Geoff P. , Ferguson Maree , Isenring Elisabeth 
Published: March 2016

AimTo explore malnutrition screening practices by dietitians working with community dwelling older adults in Australia.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional online survey of dietitians providing dietetic care to older adults (aged ≥65 years) was conducted in November to December 2014 using a three‐part 25‐item questionnaire with scaled, closed and open‐ended questions.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐three community dietitians participated in the survey. Seventy‐seven percent of them reported malnutrition screening was conducted in the workplace and this was highest in government organisations. The majority of dietitians (75%) reported a screening tool was used and the Malnutrition Screening Tool was most commonly used. Independent of level of experience, the majority of dietitians considered malnutrition screening important and agreed with the need for routine screening. Sixty‐six percent of dietitians reported that clients screened and found to be at risk of malnutrition frequently refused nutrition assessment.ConclusionReported malnutrition screening practices varied considerably across all organisations and states. Although routine screening for malnutrition risk is recommended, refusal for nutritional assessment after positive screening is common and requires further investigation. It is not clear how the term ‘malnutrition’ is perceived by the elderly and further investigation into their perceptions would be useful, particularly as offer for nutrition care is frequently declined.
Efficacy of Some Essential Oils Against Aspergillus flavus with Special Reference to Lippia alba Oil an Inhibitor of Fungal Proliferation and Aflatoxin B1 Production in Green Gram Seeds during Storage
Authors: Pandey Abhay K. , Sonker Nivedita , Singh Pooja 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDuring mycofloral analysis of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) seed samples taken from different grocery stores by agar and standard blotter paper methods, 5 fungal species were identified, of which Aspergillus flavus exhibited higher relative frequency (75.20% to 80.60%) and was found to produce aflatoxin B1. On screening of 11 plant essential oils against this mycotoxigenic fungi, Lippia alba essential oil was found to be most effective and showed absolute inhibition of mycelia growth at 0.28 μL/mL. The oil of L. alba was fungistatic and fungicidal at 0.14 and 0.28 μL/mL, respectively. Oil had broad range of fungitoxicity at its MIC value and was absolutely inhibited the AFB1 production level at 2.0 μL/mL. Chemical analysis of this oil revealed geranial (36.9%) and neral (29.3%) as major components followed by myrcene (18.6%). Application of a dose of 80 μL/0.25 L air of Lippia oil in the storage system significantly inhibited the fungal proliferation and aflatoxin production without affecting the seed germination rate. By the virtue of fungicidal, antiaflatoxigenic nature and potent efficacy in storage food system, L. alba oil can be commercialized as botanical fungicide for the protection of green gram seeds during storage.
Food Safety, Food Fraud, and Food Defense: A Fast Evolving Literature
Authors: Manning Louise , Soon Jan Mei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntentional food crime is plural in nature in terms of the types of crime and the differing levels of financial gain. Successful models of food crime are dependent on how well the crime has been executed and at what point, or even if, detection actually occurs. The aim of this paper is to undertake a literature review and critique the often contradictory definitions that can be found in the literature in order to compare and contrast existing food crime risk assessment tools and their application. Food safety, food defense, and food fraud risk assessments consider different criteria in order to determine the degree of situational risk for each criteria and the measures that need to be implemented to mitigate that risk. Further research is required to support the development of global countermeasures, that are of value in reducing overall risk even when the potential hazards may be largely unknown, and specific countermeasures that can act against unique risks.
The Role of Informal Controls and a Bargaining Opponent's Emotions on Transfer Pricing Judgments
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sudip , Moreno Kimberly K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWhile accounting research has demonstrated the role of a decision maker's own emotions during judgments, psychology research proposes that others’ emotions provide an informational signal to assess an opponent's limits, cooperativeness, and toughness during bargaining. We examine how a bargaining opponent's emotions provide information signals that can be used by a selling division manager during transfer pricing decisions and whether informal control system choices by corporate management to foster cooperation can create a context that influences how managers react to these signals. In an experiment, when informal controls to encourage cooperation were absent (less collaborative environment), managers’ selling price estimates were more conciliatory when the opponent was described as displaying negative emotions than when described as displaying positive emotions. However, when informal controls to cooperate were present (more collaborative environment), managers’ selling price estimates were more conciliatory when the opponent displayed positive rather than negative emotions. Path analyses suggest that managers’ perception of their opponents’ signals is the mechanism by which opponents’ emotions influence transfer‐price decisions. This study highlights the role of others’ emotions as information signals during accounting bargaining and provides insight into the context dependency of opponents’ emotions under various control system structures.
Recovery Poets, Recovery Workers: Labor and Place in the Dialogical Way‐Finding of Homeless Addicts in Therapy
Authors: Bowles Jennifer S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn recent years, anthropologists have built a rich body of ethnography on the experience of addiction, including important cultural critiques of treatment systems. Yet little has been written from the perspective of those who work in the everyday to help others recover from substance abuse. In this article, I reflect on my labor as a clinical social worker providing therapy for homeless women and men who struggle with addiction. Building on the eloquence of those who seek to recover, recovery poets, I demonstrate how the work of a team of frontline workers operates in a particular intersubjective realm that creates different conditions for understanding addiction and recovery than does anthropological fieldwork. By detailing the labor of recovery as I performed it using different evidence‐based therapies to permit the emergence of a new consciousness, I aim to bring to center stage the complex labor of frontline workers so that their working conditions will be taken into account more often in anthropological work on addiction and treatment.
Symbolic Types: A Ritual of Impurity
Authors: Meir‐Dviri Mina 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe semi‐commune “Little Home” is a cultural enclave whose beliefs and idiosyncratic, seemingly chaotic interactions are based on gender relations translated into the terms of the purity and impurity of the female body. This framework is the scene of fictional and real kinship relations that play distinct roles within this mini‐society and are dominated by symbolic types, which determine their social context. This article examines a ritual of purification performed by the Father/leader of the semi‐commune. In this ritual, the Father enters into a symbolic type that is impure to restore male‐perceived order and dominance. This is in response to the disordering capacity of a phenomenon I call a “wave,” which is perceived as the potential of the female.
Lack of clinical or haemodynamic rebound after abrupt interruption of beta‐blockers in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Payancé A. , Bissonnette J. , Roux O. , Elkrief L. , Gault N. , Francoz C. , Nekachtali O. , Soubrane O. , Lebrec D. , Valla D. , Durand F. , Rautou P.‐E. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundBeta‐blockers may have to be interrupted in patients with cirrhosis. The concept of a rebound after interruption of beta‐blockers is based on an animal study and on isolated case reports of variceal bleeding.AimTo determine if a rebound occurs in patients with cirrhosis following abrupt interruption of beta‐blockers.MethodsWe prospectively included all consecutive patients with cirrhosis undergoing right heart and hepatic vein catheterisation. Four groups were defined: ‘no beta‐blockers’ including patients not receiving beta‐blockers; ‘≤1 day’, ‘2–3 days’ and ‘≥4 days’ classified according to the time patients had interrupted beta‐blockers before catheterisation. Results were expressed as median (interquartile range).ResultsA total of 150 patients were included. Among the 25 patients in the groups ‘2–3 days’ and ‘≥4 days’, median duration of beta‐blockers interruption was 4 (3–6) days. No gastrointestinal bleeding occurred during that period, nor during the following month. Hepatic venous pressure gradient was not different among patients in usually treated with beta‐blockers. After adjustment, beta‐blockers interruption was not associated with hepatic venous pressure gradient. Cardiac index was higher in the ‘≥4 days’ group [4.6 L/min/m2 (3.5–5.1)] than in the ‘≤1 day’ group [3.4 (2.6–4.0); P = 0.001] or in the ‘2–3 days’ group [3.1 (2.7–3.7); P = 0.007], but not different from the ‘no beta‐blockers’ group.ConclusionsAbrupt interruption of beta‐blockers is associated neither with an apparent increase in the risk of variceal bleeding nor with a haemodynamic rebound. Thus, interruption of beta‐blockers in patients with cirrhosis may not require particular dosing or surveillance.
Responsiveness of beef cattle (Bos taurus) to human approach, novelty, social isolation, restraint and trade‐offs between feeding and social companionship
Authors: Hirata Masahiko , Kubo Shotaro , Taketomi Ikuko , Matsumoto Yuka 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study investigated responsiveness of beef cattle to various environmental stimuli by subjecting 15–16 Japanese Black cows to five tests repeated twice. Within individual behavioral measures, cows were moderately (repeatability = 0.54–0.70) or highly (repeatability = 0.74–0.89) consistent in flight distance during grazing and resting in the human approach tests, maximum distance from the group pen and the number of total and different feed tub visits in the feeding–sociability trade‐off test, and unwillingness to enter the restraint, movement under restraint and flight speed after release from restraint in the social isolation and restraint test. By contrast, cows were not consistent in the latency to make the first contact and the number of contacts with novel object(s) in the novelty test (repeatability = 0.24–0.39). Across behavioral measures in different tests, cows showed no consistency (P ≥ 0.05) in any combinations of measures from the two human approach tests, the trade‐off test and the social isolation and restraint test. In conclusion, human approach (particularly during resting), feeding–sociability trade‐off and social isolation and restraint situations can be used for evaluating personality in Japanese Black cows, while the value of the novelty test needs to be reexamined.
The TRPA1 Activator Allyl Isothiocyanate (AITC) Contracts Human Jejunal Muscle: Pharmacological Analysis
Authors: Sandor Zsolt , Dekany Andras , Kelemen Dezsö , Bencsik Timea , Papp Robert , Bartho Lorand 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe contractile effect of AITC (300 μM) on human jejunal longitudinal strips was inhibited by the TRPA1 antagonist HC 030031 and atropine or scopolamine, but was insensitive to tetrodotoxin, purinoceptor antagonists or capsaicin desensitization. It is concluded that TRPA1 activation stimulates a cholinergic mechanism in a tetrodotoxin‐resistant manner.
Accumulating evidence for a role of TCF7L2 variants in bipolar disorder with elevated body mass index
Authors: Cuellar‐Barboza Alfredo B , Winham Stacey J , McElroy Susan L , Geske Jennifer R , Jenkins Gregory D , Colby Colin L , Prieto Miguel L , Ryu Euijung , Cunningham Julie M , Frye Mark A , Biernacka Joanna M 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesBipolar disorder (BD) is a complex disease associated with various hereditary traits, including a higher body mass index (BMI). In a prior genome‐wide association study, we found that BMI modified the association of rs12772424 – a common variant in the gene encoding transcription factor 7‐like 2 (TCF7L2) – with risk for BD. TCF7L2 is a transcription factor in the canonical Wnt pathway, involved in multiple disorders, including diabetes, cancer and psychiatric conditions. Here, using an independent sample, we evaluated 26 TCF7L2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to explore further the association of BD with the TCF7L2–BMI interaction.MethodsUsing a sample of 662 BD cases and 616 controls, we conducted SNP‐level and gene‐level tests to assess the evidence for an association between BD and the interaction of BMI and genetic variation in TCF7L2. We also explored the potential mechanism behind the detected associations using human brain expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis.ResultsThe analysis provided independent evidence of an rs12772424–BMI interaction (p = 0.011). Furthermore, while overall there was no evidence for SNP marginal effects on BD, the TCF7L2–BMI interaction was significant at the gene level (p = 0.042), with seven of the 26 SNPs showing SNP–BMI interaction effects with p < 0.05. The strongest evidence of interaction was observed for rs7895307 (p = 0.006). TCF7L2 expression showed a significant enrichment of association with the expression of other genes in the Wnt canonical pathway.ConclusionsThe current study provides further evidence suggesting that TCF7L2 involvement in BD risk may be regulated by BMI. Detailed, prospective assessment of BMI, comorbidity, and other possible contributing factors is necessary to explain fully the mechanisms underlying this association.
Reduction of the expression and production of adhesion molecules and chemokines by brain endothelial cells in response to tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐17 in hypothermia
Authors: Matsui Tomohiro , Yoshida Yusuke 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe upregulation of adhesion molecules and chemokines might facilitate the recruitment and infiltration of inflammatory cells into injured brain tissue, leading to enhanced post‐ischemic brain inflammation and exacerbated brain injury. Here we examined the effects of hypothermia and hyperthermia on the expression and production of adhesion molecules and chemokines by brain endothelial cells in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐17 in an attempt to identify the mechanisms responsible for the neuroprotection conferred by therapeutic hypothermia.MethodsBrain endothelial bEnd.3 cells were stimulated with TNF‐α or IL‐17 under hypothermia (33°C), normothermia (37°C) or hyperthermia (39°C). Levels of mRNA expression and protein production of a number of adhesion molecules and chemokines were measured.ResultsIn TNF‐α‐stimulated bEND.3 cells, the mRNA expression of adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 was reduced by hypothermia compared with normothermia. The production of chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein‐2 (MIP‐2/CXCL2), interferon‐γ‐inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10/CXCL10) and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1/CCL2) was reduced by hypothermia, but augmented by hyperthermia. In IL‐17‐stimulated bEND.3 cells, the mRNA expression of IP‐10/CXCL10, and the production of MIP‐2/CXCL2 and MCP‐1/CCL2 were reduced by hypothermia compared with normothermia.ConclusionsTherapeutic hypothermia might suppress the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the central nervous system by directly reducing the expression and production of cell adhesion molecules and chemokines by brain endothelial cells in response to stimulation with TNF‐α and IL‐17. Conversely, the hyperthermic state might promote such inflammatory responses by directly augmenting the TNF‐α‐stimulated brain endothelial cell production of chemokines.
Costs and Opportunities for Preserving Coastal Wetlands under Sea Level Rise
Authors: Runting Rebecca K. , Lovelock Catherine E. , Beyer Hawthorne L. , Rhodes Jonathan R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRises in sea level can alter the distribution of coastal wetlands through migration landward and loss due to inundation. The expansion of coastal developments can prevent potential wetland migration, exacerbating loss as sea levels rise. Pre‐emptive planning to set aside key coastal areas for wetland migration is therefore critical for the long‐term preservation of species habitat and ecosystem services, yet we have little understanding of the economic costs and benefits of doing so. Using data and simulations from Queensland, Australia, we show that the opportunity cost of preserving wetlands is likely to be much higher under sea level rise than under current sea levels. However, we find that payments for ecosystem services can alleviate these costs, and in many cases may make expanding the reserve network profitable in the long run. This highlights the need to develop markets and payment mechanisms for ecosystem services to support climate change adaptation policies for coastal wetlands.
Exploring the Permanence of Conservation Covenants
Authors: Hardy Mathew J. , Fitzsimons James A. , Bekessy Sarah A. , Gordon Ascelin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractConservation on private land is a growing part of international efforts to stem the decline of biodiversity. In many countries, private land conservation policy often supports in perpetuity covenants and easements, which are legally binding agreements used to protect biodiversity on private land by restricting activities that may negatively impact ecological values. With a view to understand the long‐term security of these mechanisms, we examined release and breach data from all 13 major covenanting programs across Australia. We report that out of 6,818 multi‐party covenants, only 8 had been released, contrasting with approximately 130 of 673 single‐party covenants. Breach data was limited, with a minimum of 71 known cases where covenant obligations had not been met. With a focus on private land conservation policy, we use the results from this case study to argue that multi‐party covenants appear an enduring conservation mechanism, highlight the important role that effective monitoring and reporting of the permanency of these agreements plays in contributing to their long‐term effectiveness, and provide recommendations for organizations seeking to improve their monitoring programs. The collection of breach and release data is important for the continuing improvement of conservation policies and practices for private land.
The clinical value of exhaled nitric oxide in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Liu Peng‐Fei , Zhao Da‐Hui , Qi Yan , Wang Jian‐Guo , Zhao Ming , Xiao Kun , Xie Li‐Xin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesTo investigate the clinical value of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in lung cancer patients.MethodsA total of 172 healthy control subjects and 164 patients with histopathologically confirmed lung cancer were enrolled in this study. The FeNO measurements and pulmonary function tests were conducted in the Chinese PLA General Hospital. The recorded data included FeNO, the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, the FEV1 (% predicted), the demographic characteristics, the presence of complications and the smoking status.ResultsThe patients with lung cancer had a significantly higher level of eNO than the healthy control subjects (33.85 ± 15.63 ppb, n = 163; 16.83 ± 4.17 ppb, n = 172; P < 0.01). The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves for eNO predicting airway inflammation in lung cancer subjects and healthy control subjects was 0.932 (95% confidence interval: 0.904–0.961). In the lung cancer group, the eNO levels in the squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small‐cell lung cancer and lung carcinoid tumor groups were significantly different (P < 0.01). Lung cancer patients with a predicted FEV1% value <80% had a higher level of eNO than the patients with a predicted FEV1% value ≥80%.ConclusionsThe eNO levels in patients with lung cancer were higher than the normal level, especially in the patients with squamous cell carcinoma and small‐cell lung cancer. The differences in eNO among the lung cancer subtypes were statistically significant. Measuring eNO will be helpful in diagnosing airway inflammation in lung cancer and in the classification of lung cancer.