bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding groundwater – students' pre-conceptions and conceptual change by means of a theory-guided multimedia learning program
Authors: Unterbruner Ulrike , Hilberg Sylke , Schiffl Iris 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Education on the subject of groundwater is crucial for sustainability. Nevertheless, international studies with students across different age groups have shown that the basic hydrogeological concept of groundwater defined as water within porous and permeable rocks is not an established everyday notion. Drawing from international research, a multimedia learning program Zwischen Regenwolke und Wasserhahn (between the rain cloud and the tap) was developed, which incorporates specific insights from the fields of conceptual change research, multimedia research, and the model of educational reconstruction. The effectiveness of the learning program was ascertained by means of two studies with Austrian seventh grade pupils as well as teacher-training students from the fields of biology and geography in order to ascertain the effectiveness of the learning program. Using a quasi-experimental research design, the participants' conceptions and knowledge of groundwater were determined in a pre- and post-test. The pupils and students greatly benefitted from working through the learning software independently. Their knowledge of groundwater increased significantly compared to the control group and there was a highly significant increase in the number of scientifically correct notions of groundwater. The acceptance of the program was also generally very high. The results indicate that theory-guided multimedia learning programs can play an important role in the transfer of research results to classroom settings, especially in science education.
Integrated Model for Understanding and Enhancing Green Purchase Behavioral Intention: Directions for Future Research
Authors: T. Velnampy , Sivapalan Achchuthan 
Published: June 2016

<p>Environmental management and protection take prominent place in the globe, where environmental pollution already stressed the bio – diversity. In Globalized level, policy makers, marketers and general public also pronounce environmental protection and its benefits. In line with above arguments, green marketing was selected as theme to ground the research. In the green marketing paradigm, green consumerism was selected as the main theme. In line with above facts, the integrated conceptual model was developed to predict the purchase intention and behavior towards green products. Altogether, seven antecedents as environmental attitude, environmental concern, perceived consumer effectiveness, health consciousness, social influence, media influence and perceived government initiatives were incorporated in to the proposed model. Therefore, the proposed model is considered as the comprehensive one to predict the intention towards green products. Further, this model can be applied in globalized level among consumers to predict the purchase intention and behavior towards green products. </p><p> </p>
Preserving the Foundations of Modem Medicine - Through the Traditions of lbn Sina (980-1037 AD)
Authors: Noble John 
Published: June 2016

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/30-1-16286Four challenges face educators and leaders of medicine at the turn of the 21st century and third millennium.Professionalism - The foundation of the profession must continue to rest in universities and academic health centers.Education - Global networks of communication must be developed to facilitate the sharing of high quality information. Quality of care - Principles of quality management and health service delivery must be designed to ensure quality in health at an affordable cost. Social values - Human rigbts, tolerance, and respect for others must be perceived as core values in medicine for the preservation of health and the continuation of scientific progress. Similar challenges confronted ibn Sina at the beginning of the second millennium and William Osler, 100 years ago. A review of these issues may offer guidance to us as we confront similar challenges in the context of current-day realities in medicine and health care. Presented al the Fourth International and 30th Annual Convention of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, July 26-August 1, 1997, Amman, Jordan.
High on/off ratio nanosecond laser pulses for a triggered single-photon source
Authors: Jin Gang , Liu Bei , He Jun , Wang Junmin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
An 852 nm nanosecond laser pulse chain with a high on/off ratio is generated by chopping a continuous-wave laser beam using a Mach–Zehnder-type electro-optic intensity modulator (MZ-EOIM). The detailed dependence of the MZ-EOIM’s on/off ratio on various parameters is characterized. By optimizing the incident beam polarization and stabilizing the MZ-EOIM temperature, a static on/off ratio of

is achieved. The dynamic on/off ratios versus the pulse repetition rate and the pulse duty cycle are measured and discussed. The high-on/off-ratio nanosecond pulsed laser system was used in a triggered single-photon source based on a trapped single cesium atom, which reveals clear antibunching.
First-principles study of initial oxidation process of Ge(100) surfaces
Authors: Mizukoshi Takahiro , Oda Masato 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Stable structures of oxygen atoms inserted into Ge(100) surfaces are investigated by first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory. Comparing the total energies of several models, the most stable structure is realized when oxygen atoms are inserted into the backbond of a lower dimer atom and the next bond along the (100) direction. We calculate the electronic density of states to reveal the origin of the stability. The structure is stable because a dangling bond of the lower dimer atom disappeared to form a four-coordinated structure. We also reveal that the dangling bond disappears from equal-amplitude plots of wave functions. These results are due to the strong electronegativity of the oxygen atom.
Angular Relations of Upper Corneal Coverage by Upper Lid Margin in Relation to Central Corneal Reflex in Normal Subjects of Shimla Hills
Authors: Kashyap Aditya , Chaudhary K P , Pandey M L 
Published: June 2016

Aim:
To study relations of Upper Lid Margin in relation to Central Corneal Reflex (CCR) in normal healthy subjects of Shimla Hills.

Design:
Comparative Case series involving 800 eyes of 400 subjects attending the OPD, were divided into four equal groups, males <18 years, females <18 years, males ≥18 years but <35 years and females ≥18 years but <35 years into group A, B, C and D respectively. The angular relations of upper lid (UL) in relation to CCR were calculated in computer using Goniometer, after magnifying images taken from Sony Super Steady Shot 8 megapixel Digital Camera. Three reference points on UL were taken from the spots where the UL touches the nasal side of corneal limbus (N), on temporal side of corneal limbus (T) and the midpoint of UL (point M). Then a point was taken from CCR (R). Angles thus formed on joining the above points i.e. NRT, MRT and NRM were measured using Goniometer.

Results:
Angle NRM values had an overall mean of 69.87°±5.75°
Angle MRT values had overall mean of 58.41°±5.59°
Angle NRT values had an overall mean of 128.13°±10.49°.

Conclusion:

Angle MRT is more or less constant in all ages and in both sexesAngle NRM variations are seen with advancing age especially among females.Angle NRT which is constituted by angles MRT and NRM, varies with advancing age and especially in females. These findings may be taken into account in preoperative assessment and while planning postoperative outcome in all surgical procedures of eyelid, like ptosis correction.
Mars‐solar wind interaction: LatHyS, an improved parallel 3‐D multispecies hybrid model
Authors: Modolo Ronan , Hess Sebastien , Mancini Marco , Leblanc Francois , Chaufray Jean‐Yves , Brain David , Leclercq Ludivine , Esteban‐Hernández Rosa , Chanteur Gerard , Weill Philippe , González‐Galindo Francisco , Forget Francois , Yagi Manabu , Mazelle Christian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn order to better represent Mars‐solar wind interaction, we present an unprecedented model achieving spatial resolution down to 50 km, a so far unexplored resolution for global kinetic models of the Martian ionized environment. Such resolution approaches the ionospheric plasma scale height. In practice, the model is derived from a first version described in Modolo et al. (2005). An important effort of parallelization has been conducted and is presented here. A better description of the ionosphere was also implemented including ionospheric chemistry, electrical conductivities, and a drag force modeling the ion‐neutral collisions in the ionosphere. This new version of the code, named LatHyS (Latmos Hybrid Simulation), is here used to characterize the impact of various spatial resolutions on simulation results. In addition, and following a global model challenge effort, we present the results of simulation run for three cases which allow addressing the effect of the suprathermal corona and of the solar EUV activity on the magnetospheric plasma boundaries and on the global escape. Simulation results showed that global patterns are relatively similar for the different spatial resolution runs, but finest grid runs provide a better representation of the ionosphere and display more details of the planetary plasma dynamic. Simulation results suggest that a significant fraction of escaping O+ ions is originated from below 1200 km altitude.
Differences in the mean wind and its diurnal variation between wet and dry spells of the monsoon over southeast India
Authors: Mohan T. S. , Rao T. N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe differences in the vertical structure of mean wind and its diurnal variation from the surface to upper troposphere between wet and dry spells are studied using a unique data set consisting of surface and remote sensing (SOund Detection and Ranging and wind profilers) measurements made at Gadanki (13.5°N 79.2°E). Special emphasis was given to study the variation of low‐level jet (LLJ) and tropical easterly jet (TEJ), two most conspicuous features of the Indian summer monsoon. Largest and significant wind differences between the spells are observed in the lower troposphere (<4 km) with stronger winds during the dry spell than during wet spell. The spatial variation of LLJ and TEJ depicts intriguing differences between the spells. The LLJ splits into two branches over the Arabian Sea during the dry spell, while only one branch is apparent during the wet spell. On the 100 hPa level, the longitudinal extent of the TEJ is larger during the dry spell than during wet spell. The vertical variation (in particular, in the lower troposphere) of the amplitude and phase of diurnal cycle is significant and, to some extent, different during the dry and wet spells. The plausible mechanisms responsible for the change in the phase of the diurnal cycle with altitude are discussed. The amplitude of the diurnal cycle increases with altitude up to 2 km and then decreases. Largest amplitudes in the entire troposphere and lower stratosphere are found in the height region of 1–2 km. Given that LLJ peak magnitude and height exhibit a strong diurnal variation, one should be careful in obtaining characteristics of the LLJ and nocturnal LLJ from observations made at a fixed time. The diurnal variation of LLJ and TEJ exhibits distinct spatial variability in both spells. The results are compared and contrasted with earlier reports on intraseasonal variability of the LLJ and TEJ.
Changes in the D region associated with three recent solar eclipses in the South Pacific region
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Kumar Abhikesh , Maurya Ajeet K , Singh Rajesh 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe estimate D region changes due to 22 July 2009 total solar eclipse (SE), 13–14 November 2012 total SE, and 9–10 May 2013 annular SE, using VLF navigational transmitters signal observations at Suva, Fiji. The North West Cape (NWC) signal (19.8 kHz) showed an amplitude and phase decrease of 0.70 dB and 23° during November SE and 2.0 dB and 90° during May SE. The modeling using Long Wave Propagation Capability code for NWC‐Suva path during November and May SEs showed an increase in average D region reflection height (H′) and sharpness factor (β) by 0.6 and 0.5 km and 0.012 and 0.015 km−1, respectively. The July total SE for JJI‐Suva path showed an increase in H′ of 1.5 km and a decrease in β of 0.055 km−1. The decrease in the electron density calculated using SE time H′ and β is maximum for July total SE and minimum for May annular SE. The effective recombination coefficient estimated from the decay and recovery of signal phase associated with May annular SE was higher (27%) than normal daytime value 5.0 × 10−7 cm−3 s−1 and varied between 1.47 × 10−6 and 1.15 × 10−7 cm−3 s−1 in the altitude 70 to 80 km. Morlet wavelet analysis of signals amplitude shows strong wave‐like signatures (WLS) associated with three SEs with period ranging 24–66 min, but the intensity and duration of WLS show no clear dependence on SE magnitude and type. Apart from the cooling spot, the eclipse shadow can also generate WLS associated with atmospheric gravity waves.
Forcings and feedbacks on convection in the 2010 Pakistan flood: Modeling extreme precipitation with interactive large‐scale ascent
Authors: Nie Ji , Shaevitz Daniel A. , Sobel Adam H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractExtratropical extreme precipitation events are usually associated with large‐scale flow disturbances, strong ascent, and large latent heat release. The causal relationships between these factors are often not obvious, however, the roles of different physical processes in producing the extreme precipitation event can be difficult to disentangle. Here we examine the large‐scale forcings and convective heating feedback in the precipitation events, which caused the 2010 Pakistan flood within the Column Quasi‐Geostrophic framework. A cloud‐revolving model (CRM) is forced with large‐scale forcings (other than large‐scale vertical motion) computed from the quasi‐geostrophic omega equation using input data from a reanalysis data set, and the large‐scale vertical motion is diagnosed interactively with the simulated convection. Numerical results show that the positive feedback of convective heating to large‐scale dynamics is essential in amplifying the precipitation intensity to the observed values. Orographic lifting is the most important dynamic forcing in both events, while differential potential vorticity advection also contributes to the triggering of the first event. Horizontal moisture advection modulates the extreme events mainly by setting the environmental humidity, which modulates the amplitude of the convection's response to the dynamic forcings. When the CRM is replaced by either a single‐column model (SCM) with parameterized convection or a dry model with a reduced effective static stability, the model results show substantial discrepancies compared with reanalysis data. The reasons for these discrepancies are examined, and the implications for global models and theoretical models are discussed.
Knowledge Gap: History and Development
Authors: Gaziano Cecilie 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

The
knowledge gap hypothesis
proposes that, as more and more information is disseminated into a social system such as a community or a nation, the “haves” gain more knowledge faster than the “have nots” so that relative differentials in knowledge between them increase, both at one point in time and over time. The hypothesis has mainly been applied to scientific and public affairs topics, especially as elements of social change. Reasons for the development of knowledge gaps include characteristics of more advantaged socioeconomic groups and mass media information‐delivery systems. Four major reviews of knowledge gap results indicate that scholarly interest has grown, specifying contingent conditions when gaps widen, decrease, or do not occur. Areas of particular research interest are described, and issues for future research are outlined. Especially desirable is work that allows conclusions about links between the information environment, social systems, and knowledge differentials.
The French Beaux‐Arts
Authors: Garric Jean‐Philippe 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the history of French architecture, the term “Beaux‐Arts” refers to an academic institution. But it also evokes an architectural culture, collectively built within and around the institution by several generations of students and teachers, a culture that hinged upon shared standards, values, and practices. Just as there is a “Beaux‐Arts style” – one that is clearly understood by the School's alumni and demonstrated by their creations – there is a “Beaux‐Arts spirit”: a shared view on the figure of the architect and his/her role in society. It is even possible to speak of a “Beaux‐Arts system,” considering that beyond the School itself, the elite who graduated from it, the hierarchies it established, and the evaluation criteria it used significantly contributed to organizing the architect's profession in France, by sharing out public orders and official duties. The School's first mission was of course educational. It trained most French architects in charge of designing and executing the main buildings and urban developments in the country, as well as those (often the same ones) who held administrative positions key to the implementation and control of public architecture. Yet, as it fulfilled its educational function, providing France with professionals able to meet the architectural challenges of the nineteenth century, the School also worked as a laboratory, producing debates and doctrines and generating a universal architectural model that took concrete shape not only in a number of theoretical projects and exemplary works, but also in numerous publications, some of which were to exert great influence.
Does Poor Understanding of Physical World Predict Religious and Paranormal Beliefs?
Authors: Lindeman Marjaana , Svedholm‐Häkkinen Annika M. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAlthough supernatural beliefs often paint a peculiar picture about the physical world, the possibility that the beliefs might be based on inadequate understanding of the non‐social world has not received research attention. In this study (N = 258), we therefore examined how physical‐world skills and knowledge predict religious and paranormal beliefs. The results showed that supernatural beliefs correlated with all variables that were included, namely, with low systemizing, poor intuitive physics skills, poor mechanical ability, poor mental rotation, low school grades in mathematics and physics, poor common knowledge about physical and biological phenomena, intuitive and analytical thinking styles, and in particular, with assigning mentality to non‐mental phenomena. Regression analyses indicated that the strongest predictors of the beliefs were overall physical capability (a factor representing most physical skills, interests, and knowledge) and intuitive thinking style. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erweiterung des Konzeptes spezifischer Wirkstoff‐Formulierungsadditive auf nichtfluoreszierende Wirkstoffe: eine Studie zur Solubilisierung potenzieller Anti‐Alzheimer‐Wirkstoffe
Authors: Lawatscheck Carmen , Pickhardt Marcus , Wieczorek Sebastian , Grafmüller Andrea , Mandelkow Eckhard , Börner Hans G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMaßgeschneiderte Additive für die Wirkstoff‐Formulierung ermöglichen die Testung potentieller neuer Wirkstoffe mit ungünstigen pharmakologischen Eigenschaften. Zur Identifizierung wirkstoffaffiner Peptidsequenzen wird die Verteilung eines Wirkstoffes in großen Peptidbibliotheken mittels Raman‐Mikroskopie verfolgt. Die Integration der Sequenzen in Peptid‐Polymer‐Konjugate ergibt spezifische Löslichkeitsvermittler, die prophylaktische und therapeutische Anti‐Alzheimer‐Wirkstoffe effektiv solubilisieren. Somit können maßgeschneiderte Additive nicht nur für fluoreszierende, sondern auch für nichtfluoreszierende Wirkstoffe gefunden werden.
Understanding of intermolecular interaction in PVDF/PTW blends: Crystallization behavior, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties
Authors: Lu Jiajun , Bai Huiyu , Wang Wei , Zhang Shengwen , Wang Jinyuan , Zhang Yong , Liu Xiaoya 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTPoly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/ poly(ethylene–butylacrylate–glycidyl methacrylate) (PTW) blends were directly prepared by melt blending and the interaction and properties of PVDF/PTW blends were explored systematically. The crystallization behavior, thermal stability, dynamic mechanical property, and morphological features of PVDF/PTW blends with different ratios have been studied by XRD, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter analysis (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis, and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The results showed that the crystalline structure of neat PVDF was dominantly α‐phase crystalline and the incorporation of PTW had no effect on the crystalline structure of PVDF in the PVDF/PTW blends. And Tg of PVDF in PVDF/PTW blends shifted to higher temperature compared with that of neat PVDF, indicating the weak interaction between PVDF and PTW, which was corresponding to DSC and TGA results. An increase in the coarseness and ring‐band spacing observed from POM further substantiated the weak interaction between PVDF and PTW. This work provided a way for preparing improved properties of PVDF/PTW blends for the coating material. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43908.
Epigenetic marks as the link between environment and development: examination of the associations between attachment, socioeconomic status, and methylation of the SLC6A4 gene
Authors: Jones‐Mason Karen , Allen Isabel Elaine , Bush Nicole , Hamilton Steve 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundEpigenetic processes act as a link between environment and individual development. This pilot study examined the association between socioeconomic status (SES), attachment, and methylation of the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4).MethodsAttachment classification and SLC6A4 methylation was determined in 100 late adolescents. We hypothesized that (1) SES would interact with methylation to predict higher unresolved loss (UL) or trauma scores on the Adult Attachment Interview; (2) across SES, participants with unresolved attachment would have lower levels of methylation than organized or secure participants; and (3) within the unresolved classification, SES would predict methylation.ResultsResults showed that lower methylation and low‐SES were associated with higher UL, and higher methylation and low‐SES were associated with higher unresolved trauma. Across SES, unresolved participants had lower levels of methylation than organized participants. Within the unresolved category, low‐SES unresolved participants had higher levels of methylation than mid/upper‐SES participants. SES was unrelated to methylation within the secure and organized categories.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the quality of attachment relationships may impact epigenetic processes.
Acute complete uterine inversion after controlled cord traction of placenta following vaginal delivery: a case report
Authors: Poon Shi Sum , Chean Chung Shen , Barclay Philip , Soltan Adel 
Published: June 2016

Key Clinical MessageEarly recognition and active management of the third stage of labor will reduce the risks associated with uterine inversion. All staff members in the maternal unit should be updated with Green‐Top guidelines No. 52 and be appropriately trained in the PROMPT course to provide a standardized approach in obstetric emergencies.