bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation of old three‐hinged steel arch bridges – A case study of Ling Bridge
Authors: Xu Jun , Lv Kaiyuan , Ma Cheng , Chen Weizhen , Yang Jianxi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLing Bridge, built by Siemens AG in 1936, is the only existing three‐hinged steel arch bridge in China, and now declared a historic structure by the local government. Located on the busiest road that crosses the Ningbo city centre, the bridge has carried heavy traffic for more than 70 years. Concerned about the bridge's safety following frequent ship collisions in recent years and other damage, the bridge owners perform structural inspections every year. According to the latest inspection, Ling Bridge is suffering from a number of serious structural problems, including local deformation and deflection of the arch ribs, cracks in the deck and severe corrosion of the hangers. Therefore, at the end of 2014, the bridge management launched an overhaul of the bridge.To maintain traffic flows and the cultural function of the bridge, the overhaul project is different from ordinary repair projects. The present overhaul mainly involves five parts of the structure: the hinges of the arch structure, the cantilever structure of the cross‐beams, the deck system, the hangers and the arch ribs. This paper discusses the damage evolution of the diseases and pertinent strengthening measures taken to meet the requirements of structural safety and cultural protection.Sanierung einer alten Dreigelenk‐Stahlbogenbrücke: Fallstudie zur Ling‐Brücke. Die Ling‐Brücke in Ningbo wurde 1936 von der Siemens AG errichtet und ist die einzige Dreigelenk‐Stahlbogenbrücke in China. Sie wurde kürzlich von der Stadtverwaltung zum historischen Bauwerk erklärt. Seit über 70 Jahren trägt die Brücke die Lasten der verkehrsreichsten Straße im Zentrum von Ningbo. Nach mehreren Schiffskollisionen und anderen Schäden in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten führten die Eigentümer der Brücke jährliche Prüfungen des Brückentragwerks durch, um dessen Sicherheit zu gewährleisten. Bei der letzten Untersuchung wurden schwere Schäden festgestellt, zu denen lokale Verformungen und Verbiegungen von Bogenrippen, Risse in der Brückenfahrbahn und starker Rost an der Aufhängung zählten. Daher begann die Brückenverwaltung 2014 eine Sanierung der Brücke.Um die verkehrstechnische und kulturelle Funktion der Brücke zu erhalten, unterscheidet dieses Sanierungsprojekt sich von normalen Reparaturaufgaben. Die aktuellen Sanierungsschritte umfassen hauptsächlich fünf Bereiche der Konstruktion: Bogengelenk‐Tragwerk, Auskragungsstruktur der Querträger, Fahrbahnsystem, Aufhängung sowie Bogenrippen. Der vorliegende Text behandelt die Schadensentwicklung und die geeigneten Sanierungsmaßnahmen zur Erfüllung der Anforderungen an Tragsicherheit und Schutz der historischen Bausubstanz.
Markets and climate are driving rapid change in farming practices in Savannah West Africa
Authors: Ouédraogo Mathieu , Zougmoré Robert , Moussa Abdoulaye S. , Partey Samuel T. , Thornton Philip K. , Kristjanson Patti , Ndour Ndèye Y. B. , Somé Léopold , Naab Jesse , Boureima Moussa , Diakité Lamissa , Quiros Carlos 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Agricultural practices have constantly changed in West Africa, and understanding the factors that have driven the changes may help guide strategies to promote sustainable agriculture in the region. To contribute to such efforts, this paper analyzes drivers of change in farming practices in the region using data obtained from surveys of 700 farming households in five countries (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Niger and Senegal). The results showed that farmers have adopted various practices in response to the challenges they have faced during the last decade. A series of logit models showed that most changes farmers made to their practices are undertaken for multiple reasons. Land use and management changes including expanding farmed areas and using mineral fertilization and manure are positively related to perceived changes in the climate, such as more erratic rainfall. Planting new varieties, introducing new crops, crop rotation, expanding farmed area and using pesticides are positively associated with new market opportunities. Farm practices that require relatively high financial investment such as use of pesticides, drought-tolerant varieties and improved seeds were positively associated with the provision of technical and financial support for farmers through development projects and policies. Changes in markets and climate are both helping to promote needed changes in farming practices in West Africa. Therefore, policies that foster the development of markets for agricultural products, and improved weather- and climate-related information linked to knowledge of appropriate agricultural innovations in different environments are needed.
Tawny owl prey remains indicate differences in the dynamics of coastal and inland vole populations in southern Finland
Authors: Solonen Tapio , Karhunen Jonna , Kekkonen Jaana A. , Kolunen Heikki , Pietiäinen Hannu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSome studies suggest that mild winters decrease overwinter survival of small mammals or coincide with decreased cyclicity in vole numbers, whereas other studies suggest non‐significant or positive relationships between mild winter conditions and vole population dynamics. We expect for the number of voles to be higher in the rich and low‐lying habitats of the coastal areas than in the less fertile areas inland. We assume that this geographical difference in vole abundances is diminished by mild winters especially in low‐lying habitats. We examine these relationships by generalized linear mixed models using prey remains of breeding tawny owls Strix aluco as a proxy for the abundance of voles. The higher number of small voles in the coastal area than in the inland area suggest that vole populations were denser in the coastal area. Vole populations of both areas were affected by winter weather conditions particularly in March, but these relationships differed between areas. The mild ends of winter with frequent fluctuations of the ambient temperature around the freezing point (“frost seesaw”) constrained significantly the coastal vole populations, while deep snow cover, in general after hard winters, was followed by significantly lowered number of voles only in the inland populations. Our results suggest that coastal vole populations are more vulnerable to mild winters than inland ones. We also show that tawny owl prey remains can be used in a meaningful way to study vole population dynamics.
Non‐canonical WNT5A signaling up‐regulates the expression of the tumor suppressor 15‐PGDH and induces differentiation of colon cancer cells
Authors: Mehdawi Lubna M. , Prasad Chandra Prakash , Ehrnström Roy , Andersson Tommy , Sjölander Anita 
Published: August 2016

The tumor suppressor 15‐hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15‐PGDH) is the key enzyme in prostaglandin E2 catabolism and is down‐regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue. Canonical Wnt signaling is frequently elevated in colon cancers and has been shown to down‐regulate 15‐PGDH expression. Therefore, we have in the current study investigated if the non‐canonical ligand WNT5A relates to increased expression of 15‐PGDH in colon cancer cells. In the same cohort of patients, we demonstrated a parallel and significant loss of 15‐PGDH and WNT5A protein expression in CRC tissues compared with matched normal colon tissues. Furthermore, patients with low 15‐PGDH/WNT5A expression in their tumors showed reduced survival compared with patients with high 15‐PGDH/WNT5A expression. To investigate if WNT5A signaling directly affects 15‐PGDH expression, we performed in vitro analyses of colon cancer cells (HT‐29 and Caco‐2). Both cell lines, when treated with recombinant WNT5A (rWNT5A) or Foxy‐5, a WNT5A‐mimicking peptide, responded by increasing their expression of 15‐PGDH mRNA and protein. Our investigations showed that rWNT5A and Foxy‐5 induced this increased expression of 15‐PGDH through reduced β‐catenin signaling as well as increased JNK/AP‐1 signaling in colon cancer cells. WNT5A signaling also induced increased 15‐PGDH expression in a breast cancer cell line both in vitro and in vivo. In agreement, WNT5A signaling also increased the expression of the differentiation markers sucrose‐isomaltase and mucin‐2 in colon cancer cells. Our results show that WNT5A signaling regulates 15‐PGDH expression, thus uncovering a novel mechanism by which WNT5A acts as a tumor suppressor and suggests that increased 15‐PGDH expression could be used as an indicator of a positive response to Foxy‐5 in patients treated with this WNT5A agonist.
The Role of Psychological Factors in the Perception of Postneedling Soreness and the Influence of Postneedling Intervention
Authors: Martín‐Pintado‐Zugasti Aitor , López‐López Almudena , González Gutiérrez Jose Luis , Pecos‐Martín Daniel , Rodríguez‐Fernández Ángel Luis , Alguacil‐Diego Isabel María , Gallego‐Izquierdo Tomás , Fernández‐Carnero Josue 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundMyofascial trigger point dry needling is frequently associated with postneedling soreness, which can generate patient dissatisfaction and reduced treatment adherence. Psychological factors may influence the perception of postneedling soreness and the effectiveness of postneedling soreness treatments.ObjectivesThe objectives of the present study were to determine whether catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, pain anxiety, and fear of pain are significant predictors of postneedling soreness over time; and to analyze whether the relationships between psychological variables and postneedling soreness vary as a function of the postneedling soreness intervention, which included ischemic compression, placebo or control (without treatment).DesignRepeated‐measures observational study nested within a randomized controlled trial.SettingUniversity community.ParticipantsHealthy volunteers (N = 90; 40 men and 50 women) 18 to 39 years of age (mean ± standard deviation 22 ± 3 years).MethodsCatastrophizing, kinesiophobia, pain anxiety, and fear of pain were evaluated as possible predictors of postneedling pain before dry needling in a latent myofascial trigger point in the upper trapezius muscle. Participants were then divided into a treatment group that received ischemic compression as a postneedling intervention, a placebo group that received sham ischemic compression, and a control group that did not receive any treatment.Main Outcome MeasurementsPain during needling and postneedling soreness were quantified using a visual analogue scale during needling, after treatment, and at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours.ResultsA multilevel analysis revealed that individuals who exhibited more catastrophic thinking showed less postneedling soreness intensity immediately after needling in all participants (β = −0.049). Pain‐related anxiety was linked to greater immediate postneedling soreness in the compression condition (β = 0.057). Finally, participants who exhibited more catastrophic thinking showed a slower rate of decline in postneedling soreness levels over time in the compression condition (β = 0.038).ConclusionsCatastrophizing was associated with lower levels of postneedling soreness immediately after needling in all subjects. Although ischemic compression seems to be a useful procedure to reduce postneedling soreness, its efficacy could be slightly reduced in patients presenting higher scores of pain‐related anxiety. Psychological procedures may help to correct the distorted pain expectancies associated with needling interventions and might also improve the effectiveness of ischemic compression.Level of EvidenceII
The State of Legal Education in Japan: Problems and “Re”-Renovations in JD Law Schools
Authors: SATO Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn Japan, the Juris Doctor (JD)-style law-school system was introduced in 2004 as part of a judicial system reform. As of late, this system seems to have become dysfunctional. The pass rate of the national bar exam (NBE) is around 20% every year, and the NBE puts students are under considerable pressure. “Re”-renovation of legal education is, thereby, a huge and pressing issue. Reducing the number of JD students could be a quick solution to the current problems. However, this is not enough, nor is it good for fostering legal professionals “rich both in quality and quantity” (the second aim of the judicial reform). Legal education should go beyond the NBE. The Japanese government and law schools have just begun to re-renovate legal education, giving priority to three challenges: (1) offering continuous legal-education programmes for practitioners; (2) enhancing community service and supporting career development of graduates in the new legal service area; and (3) internationalization. How can the Japanese legal-education system go beyond the NBE? Re-renovation deserves continued attention.
Fast-Track Systems Improve Timely Carotid Endarterectomy in Stroke Prevention Outpatients
Authors: Gocan Sophia , Bourgoin Aline , Blacquiere Dylan , Shamloul Rany , Dowlatshahi Dar , Stotts Grant 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground: For optimal stroke prevention, best practices guidelines recommend carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for symptomatic patients within two weeks; however, 2013 Ontario data indicated that only 9% of eligible patients from outpatient Stroke Prevention Clinics (SPCs) achieved this target. The goal of our study was to identify modifiable system factors that could enhance the quality and timeliness of care among patients needing urgent CEA. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of transient ischemic attack/stroke patients assessed in Champlain Local Health Integrated Network SPCs between 2011 and 2014 who subsequently underwent CEA. Descriptive statistics were used to define patient characteristics, timelines from symptom onset to CEA, and system factors that contributed to delays or improvements in care. Multivariate analysis was used to determine statistically significant variations between groups. Results: Seventy-five records were eligible for study inclusion. Median time from initial symptoms to CEA was 31 days, with 21.3% of patients undergoing surgery within 2 weeks. Significant delays were common in patient presentation and assessment following symptom onset, wait times for vascular imaging and neurological assessment, and time from surgical assessment to CEA completion. Rapid testing and triage, coupled with collaborative initiatives among SPC, surgical, and radiology teams were associated with significantly improved timelines. Conclusions: Success factors for rapid CEA are multifaceted, including system changes that address public awareness of stroke and 911 response, improvements in vascular imaging access, and redesign of clinical services to promote collaboration and fast-tracking of care. Implementation of performance measures to monitor and guide clinical innovations is recommended.
The WhirlingSemaRitual and Performance Practitioners: Issues of Authenticity Change, and East–West Exchange
Authors: McClure Hanna 
Published: August 2016

There is a movement form very close to Greece, across the waters of the Mediterranean in the land of modern day Turkey, which is a noble part of antiquity and which has faced sweeping changes in last century. Pressures from nationalistic, touristic, and other special interests particular to modernity have shaped and re-shaped this ancient form dramatically. This is thesemaritual of the whirling dervish.Theater and dance practitioners have been inspired by the whirling dervish since the nineteenth century, when many Europeans traveled to Turkey and witnessed the whirling dervishes there. As part of the wave of spiritual and occult interest that blossomed at the end of the nineteenth century and through the twentieth century, ideas from Sufism began to penetrate the discourses of both esoteric and performance schools in Europe. Practitioners such as Jerzy Grotowski in the United States, and Rudolf Laban and Mary Wigman in Europe included forms of whirling and ideas from Sufism in their training methods.This researcher, like practitioners from the early twentieth century, has sought to open avenues of embodied awareness in her dancers via whirling practice. Whirling itself, as a powerful performance form, has become prominent in her own work. A growing network ofsemazen-performers have been producing and touring ritual whirling as public performance extensively in the last two decades. This presentation presents perspectives of the modern Sufi initiate, who negotiates issues of ownership, authenticity, function, and form through and with the act of performance. At once political, socially responsive, and aesthetic, the whirlingsemais also uniquely spiritual and devotional, opening up questions of religious importance through the East–West interchanges of its practitioners, initiates, and performers.
A new damsel-dragonfly from the Lower Jurassic of northwestern China and its paleobiogeographic significance
Authors: Zheng Daran , Nel André , Wang Bo , Jarzembowski Edmund A. , Chang Su-Chin , Zhang Haichun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA new species of the Lower Jurassic genusDorsettiaWhalley, 1985 is described from the Lower Jurassic Badaowan Formation of the Junggar Basin, northwestern China, asDorsettia sinicanew species. It provides additional morphological characters for this genus and is the earliest Jurassic dragonfly in China after the end-Triassic extinction. The occurrence ofDorsettiain England and northwestern China indicates that the end-Triassic extinction probably did not have a drastic influence on damsel-dragonflies, or that the dispersal of damsel-dragonflies was relatively quick during the earliest Jurassic.
A new runner-like cyclostome bryozoan from the Bromide Formation (Sandbian, Upper Ordovician) of Oklahoma and its phylogenetic affinities
Authors: Wilson Mark A. , Taylor Paul D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractZigzagopora wigleyensis n. gen. n. sp. is an Upper Ordovician (Sandbian, early Caradoc) cyclostome bryozoan from the Arbuckle Mountains of Oklahoma, USA. It has runner-type colonies characterized by a mostly uniserial, geniculate arrangement of monomorphic zooids that bud alternately left and right, producing a zig-zag pattern of growth. This new genus has calcified interior walls and non-pseudoporous exterior walls. It is thus most likely affiliated with the paleotubuliporine family Sagenellidae, despite superficial similarities with the corynotrypid cyclostomes with which it co-occurs.
Mithras in Scotland: A Mithraeum at Inveresk (East Lothian)
Authors: Hunter Fraser , Henig Martin , Sauer Eberhard , Gooder John 
Published: August 2016

AbstractExcavations to the east of the Roman fort of Inveresk in 2010 partly uncovered remains of a Mithraeum — the first from Scotland and the earliest securely dated example from Britain. A large rectangular sunken feature with lateral benches contained two altars buried face down at its north-western end. One was dedicated to Mithras, with iconography of both Mithras and Apollo as well as libation vessels. The other was dedicated to Sol, with a frieze above showing the Four Seasons. The Sol altar had a recess in the rear for a light which would have shone through his pierced rays, eyes, mouth and nose. Remains of an iron rod behind the nose hint at a more complex arrangement to create special visual or acoustic effects. Paint and plaster traces were recorded on both altars. The dedicator, G(aius) Cas(sius) Fla(…), a centurion, may have been in command of the garrison or of a legionary detachment. Stylistic links, especially in letter form, connect the work to sculptors of Legio XX. The stones and pigments are most likely from local sources. Little of the setting could be explored but there were traces of a precinct. A pit beside the Mithraeum included a large part of a well-used fineware beaker, which represented a deliberate offering. The Supplementary Material available online (http://journals.cambridge.org/bri) contains detailed descriptions of the altars, observations on the stone-working technology, lithology and pigment analysis, with extensive illustrations.
A Commentary Upon Derrida's Reading of Hegel in Glas
Authors: Critchley Simon 
Published: August 2016

“Qu'est-ce qui cloche dans le système, qu'est-ce qui boite? La question est aussi boiteuse et ne fait pas question. Ce qui déborde le système, c'est l'impossibilité de son échec, comme l'impossibilité de la réussite: finalement on n'en peut rien dire, et il y a une manière de se taire (le silence lacunaire de l'écriture) qui arrête le système, le laissant désoeuvré, Iivré au sérieux de l'ironie.”Glas is a tour de force of Hegel scholarship. Although primarily concerned with the Philosophy of Right and the Phenomenology of Spirit, Derrida also offers detailed discussions of The Spirit of Christianity and its Fate, the First Philosophy of Spirit of 1803-4, the 1803 essay Scientific Ways of Treating Natural Law, the Lectures on Aesthetics and the introduction to the Lectures on the Philosophy of World History. In addition - and this list is not exhaustive - there are discussions of and references to the Logic, the Encyclopaedia, the Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, the Differenzschrift, Faith and Knowledge, and abundant quotations from Hegel's correspondence.
The Categorial Satisfaction of Self-Reflexive Reason
Authors: Pinkard Terry 
Published: August 2016

Robert Pippin's book, Hegel's Idealism: the Satisfactions of Self-Consciousness, is a deep, probing reconstruction of Hegel's project and the specific ways in which he tried to work out that project. It is rich in both analytical detail and in setting Hegel's thought in the historical complex of ideas that run from Kant to Fichte. It offers us a different view of Hegel than we have been accustomed to getting.I shall not concentrate too much on the details of Pippin's book, which excels in the depth and fine grained quality of its analyses. Instead, I shall deal with his overall interpretation and how good a case can be made for it. Pippin's goal of locating Hegel in terms of the Kantian project is well founded, and I think that he almost succeeds admirably. But only almost.The design of this commentary is threefold. First, I will give an overview of the general thrust of Pippin's interpretation. Second, I shall raise some questions about it and propose an alternative to it. Finally, I shall look at part of one particular section of Pippin's work, namely, his interpretation of Hegel's conception of “Essence” in the Science of Logic.Pippin's main thesis about Hegel's program seems relatively straightforward: Hegel's work should be understood as carrying on and transforming the Kantian idea of deriving all the conditions of knowledge from the transcendental unity of apperception, a special kind of self-conscious awareness of objects. Let us call this the Apperception Thesis.