bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Realistic Method of Health Hazard Appraisal for the Occupational Health Nurse
Authors: Murphy Denise C. 
Published: July 2017

The author assumed responsibility or an ongoing factory health maintenance program which consisted primarily of periodic blood and urine sampling and analysis. To supplement the limited information obtained from these laboratory analyses, the author began gathering personal health history information from each worker through a standardized questionnaire. It was during the review of one completed questionnaires that one need for a description of the workforce as a group became evident. To do this, a new approach — one different from the traditional nursing approach of individualized assessment — was tried. An epidemiological study was deigned which yielded information on the demographic profile of the workforce, as well as the relationships between three agents of exposure (chemicals, ethanol, and cigarettes) and laboratory parameters. The procurement of this data proved to be of value in several ways: One identification of high risk groups or particular diseases, the assessment of existing and future health problems, and in the planning for the health care of the group. The increased value of the data obtained by utilization of the epidemiological method allows the occupational health nurse in the workplace setting to improve the delivery of health services to those under her care.
Formal thought disorder in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis
Authors: Demjaha Arsime , Weinstein Sara , Stahl Daniel , Day Fern , Valmaggia Lucia , Rutigliano Grazia , De Micheli Andrea , Fusar-Poli Paolo , McGuire Philip 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundFormal thought disorder is a cardinal feature of psychosis. However, the extent to which formal thought disorder is evident in ultra-high-risk individuals and whether it is linked to the progression to psychosis remains unclear.AimsExamine the severity of formal thought disorder in ultra-high-risk participants and its association with future psychosis.MethodThe Thought and Language Index (TLI) was used to assess 24 ultra-high-risk participants, 16 people with first-episode psychosis and 13 healthy controls. Ultra-high-risk individuals were followed up for a mean duration of 7 years (s.d.=1.5) to determine the relationship between formal thought disorder at baseline and transition to psychosis.ResultsTLI scores were significantly greater in the ultra-high-risk group compared with the healthy control group (effect size (ES)=1.2), but lower than in people with first-episode psychosis (ES=0.8). Total and negative TLI scores were higher in ultra-high-risk individuals who developed psychosis, but this was not significant. Combining negative TLI scores with attenuated psychotic symptoms and basic symptoms predicted transition to psychosis (P=0.04; ES=1.04).ConclusionsTLI is beneficial in evaluating formal thought disorder in ultra-high-risk participants, and complements existing instruments for the evaluation of psychopathology in this group.
Human TTBK1, TTBK2 and MARK1 kinase toxicity inDrosophila melanogasteris exacerbated by co-expression of human Tau
Authors: Fernius Josefin , Starkenberg Annika , Pokrzywa Malgorzata , Thor Stefan 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTTau protein is involved in numerous human neurodegenerative diseases, and Tau hyper-phosphorylation has been linked to Tau aggregation and toxicity. Previous studies have addressed toxicity and phospho-biology of human Tau (hTau) in Drosophila melanogaster. However, hTau transgenes have most often been randomly inserted in the genome, thus making it difficult to compare between different hTau isoforms and phospho-mutants. In addition, many studies have expressed hTau also in mitotic cells, causing non-physiological toxic effects. Here, we overcome these confounds by integrating UAS-hTau isoform transgenes into specific genomic loci, and express hTau post-mitotically in the Drosophila nervous system. Lifespan and locomotor analyses show that all six of the hTau isoforms elicit similar toxicity in flies, although hTau2N3R showed somewhat elevated toxicity. To determine if Tau phosphorylation is responsible for toxicity, we analyzed the effects of co-expressing hTau isoforms together with Tau-kinases, focusing on TTBK1, TTBK2 and MARK1. We observed toxicity when expressing each of the three kinases alone, or in combination. Kinase toxicity was enhanced by hTau co-expression, with strongest co-toxicity for TTBK1. Mutagenesis and phosphorylation analysis indicates that hTau-MARK1 combinatorial toxicity may be due to direct phosphorylation of hTau, while hTau-TTBK1/2 combinatorial toxicity may result from independent toxicity mechanisms.
Establishment of a retinal hypoxia organ culture model
Authors: Schnichels S. , Blak M. , Hurst J. , Dorfi T. , Bartz-Schmidt K. U. , Ziemssen F. , Spitzer M. S. , Schultheiss M. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Hypoxia plays an important role in several retinal diseases, especially in central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Although CRAO has been known for over a hundred years, no cure or sufficient treatment is available. Potential therapies are being evaluated in several in vivo models or primary cultures. However, in vivo models or primary cultures are very time-consuming, expensive, and furthermore several therapies or agents cannot be tested. Therefore, we aimed to develop a standardized organotypic ex vivo retinal hypoxia model. A chamber was developed in which rat retinal explants were incubated for different hypoxia durations. Afterwards, the retinas were adjusted to normal air and incubated for 24, 48 or 72 h under standard conditions. To analyze the retinal explants, and in particular the retinal ganglion cells (RGC) immunohistology, western blot and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements were performed. To compare our model to a standardized degeneration model, additional retinal explants were treated with 0.5 and 1 mM glutamate. Depending on hypoxia duration and incubation time, the amount of RGCs decreased and accordingly, the amount of TUNEL-positive RGCs increased. Furthermore, β-III-tubulin expression and retinal thickness significantly decreased with longer-lasting hypoxia. The reduction of RGCs induced by 75 min of hypoxia was comparable to the one of 1 mM glutamate treatment after 24 h (20.27% versus 19.69%) and 48 h (13.41% versus 14.41%) of incubation. We successfully established a cheap, standardized, easy-to-use organotypic culture model for retinal hypoxia. We selected 75 min of hypoxia for further studies, as approximately 50% of the RGC died compared to the control group after 48 h.
Outcomes following revision surgery performed for adverse reactions to metal debris in non-metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty patients
Authors: Matharu G. S. , Judge A. , Murray D. W. , Pandit H. G. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives Few studies have assessed outcomes following non-metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty (non-MoMHA) revision surgery performed for adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD). We assessed outcomes following non-MoMHA revision surgery performed for ARMD, and identified predictors of re-revision. Methods We performed a retrospective observational study using data from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales. All non-MoMHAs undergoing revision surgery for ARMD between 2008 and 2014 were included (185 hips in 185 patients). Outcome measures following ARMD revision were intra-operative complications, mortality and re-revision surgery. Predictors of re-revision were identified using Cox regression. Results Intra-operative complications occurred in 6.0% (n = 11) of the 185 cases. The cumulative four-year patient survival rate was 98.2% (95% CI 92.9 to 99.5). Re-revision surgery was performed in 13.5% (n = 25) of hips at a mean time of 1.2 years (0.1 to 3.1 years) following ARMD revision. Infection (32%; n = 8), dislocation/subluxation (24%; n = 6), and aseptic loosening (24%; n = 6) were the most common re-revision indications. The cumulative four-year implant survival rate was 83.8% (95% CI 76.7 to 88.9). Multivariable analysis identified three predictors of re-revision: multiple revision indications (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.78; 95% CI 1.03 to 7.49; p = 0.043); selective component revisions (HR = 5.76; 95% CI 1.28 to 25.9; p = 0.022); and ceramic-on-polyethylene revision bearings (HR = 3.08; 95% CI 1.01 to 9.36; p = 0.047). Conclusions Non-MoMHAs revised for ARMD have a high short-term risk of re-revision, with important predictors of future re-revision including selective component revision, multiple revision indications, and ceramic-on-polyethylene revision bearings. Our findings may help counsel patients about the risks of ARMD revision, and guide reconstructive decisions. Future studies attempting to validate the predictors identified should also assess the effects of implant design (metallurgy and modularity), given that this was an important study limitation potentially influencing the reported prognostic factors. Cite this article: G. S. Matharu, A. Judge, D. W. Murray, H. G. Pandit. Outcomes following revision surgery performed for adverse reactions to metal debris in non-metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty patients: Analysis of 185 revisions from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:405–413. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.67.BJR-2017-0017.R2.
An international survey on anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) testing in daily clinical practice
Authors: Damoiseaux Jan , Heijnen Ingmar , Van Campenhout Christel , Eriksson Catharina , Fabien Nicole , Herold Manfred , van der Molen Renate G. , Egner William , Patel Dina , Plaza-Lopez Aresio , Radice Antonella , de Sousa Marie José Rego , Viander Markku , Shoenfeld Yehuda 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background:
Detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) is important for the diagnosis of the ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV). For AAV, especially ANCA directed against myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3) are most relevant. ANCA with less well-defined specificities may, however, also be detected in other inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions.

Methods:
A questionnaire, initiated by the European Autoimmunity Standardisation Initiative (EASI), was used to gather information on methods and testing algorithms used for ANCA in clinical laboratories of 12 European countries (EASI survey).

Results:
Four hundred and twenty-nine responses were included in the EASI survey analysis which revealed differences within countries and between countries. Laboratories overall were poor in adherence to international consensus on ANCA testing. Substantial variation was observed with respect to the use of ANCA indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) in the algorithm, application of distinct methods for MPO- and PR3-ANCA, the daily availability of new ANCA results, and interpretation of test results.

Conclusions:
Awareness of these differences may stimulate further harmonization and standardization of ANCA testing. This may be promoted by an update of the international ANCA consensus and the introduction of international standards.
The Western Zhou cemetery at Dahekou in Yicheng County, Shanxi
Authors: Joint Archaeological Team Of Shanxi  
Published: July 2017

AbstractSince 2007, the excavations to the Dahekou Cemetery of the Western Zhou Dynasty located in Yicheng County, Shanxi Province have found over 600 burials and 20 chariot-and-horse pits, over 300 burials of which have been excavated. All of these burials were vertical shaft pit tombs in rectangular plan, most of which had waist pits containing dogs, some of which even had recesses on the walls. The burial furniture assemblages were single coffin, one outer coffin and one inner coffin or one outer coffin and two inner coffins. Most of the tomb occupants were in extended supine position; the grave goods of large
Tomb No. 139 of the Shang Dynasty at Daxinzhuang, Jinan City
Authors: Department Of Archaeology, Shandong  , Shandong Provincial Institute Of Cu  
Published: July 2017

AbstractFrom March through June 2010, new coring and excavations were conducted at the Daxinzhuang site in Jinan City, during which a new cemetery from the later stage of the early Shang Dynasty to the late Shang Dynasty was uncovered. Among the excavated tombs, Tomb No. 139 is the largest: it is an earthen shaft tomb with a ledge around the bottom on which human victims were found. The burial furniture included one inner coffin and one outer chamber, beneath which a waist pit was located. Numerous grave goods were unearthed from this tomb, including large-sized bronzes, jades and stone artifacts. The scale, burial furniture, human victims and grave goods of this tomb all reflect that Tomb No.139 was a rare high-ranking elite tomb of the Erligang Period.
Architectural Complex VI of Changle Palace, Han Chang’an City in Xi’an
Authors: Han Chang’An Archaeological Team  , Institute Of Archaeology  , Chinese Academy Of Social Sciences  
Published: July 2017

AbstractFrom November 2005 to January 2006, Han Chang’an Archaeological Team of the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences excavated the northern periphery of Architectural Complex VI located in the northwest of Changle Palace site. The primary result was bringing to light a pair of auxiliary compounds on the east and west wings of the main hall of Complex VI. The auxiliary compounds comprised of structures of halls, verandas, rain aprons and open-air courtyards. The hall structures were indicated by raised rammed-earth foundations, rows of stone pillar bases on the perimeter, and a set of semi-subterranean features in the west compound. The floors of the verandas were lined with square bricks, flanked by rows of stone pillar bases with occasional traces of wooden pillars. The rain aprons were paved with pebbles and rectangular bricks. The courtyards featured water systems comprised of wells, saturation pools, pipelines, runoff ditches and drainage. The assemblage of material remains comprised mainly of architectural components of semi-cylindrical tiles, flat tiles, tile-ends, bricks, pipes, well curbs, etc., and a small amount of pottery, iron and bronze artifacts, as well as bronze coins. The chronology of the material remains and their context suggested that the complex was built in the early years of Western Han and continued to be occupied till the Wang Mang Interregnum. Combined with previous archaeological findings and historic documents, complex VI was most likely the front hall of Changle Palace.
Also on the typology of bow-shaped objects and relevant issues
Authors: Teng Mingyu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe bow-shaped object emerged in the Shang-Zhou Period of China and was used as rein holder for charioteers and riders to free their hands. It can be classified into two types: the narrow-backed and the wide-backed. Samples of the narrow-backed type were found at the waist of human skeletons or depicted on Mongolian deer stones, at the waist of human images in association with bow and bow case figures. It suggests that this type of bow-shaped object was tied to or hung on waist belts. On the other hand, wide-backed ones were usually brought to light from chariot boxes in chariot-and-horse burial pits and, in Mongolia and Central Asia, were seen in chariot images of deer stones, with the reins shown tied to or hung on chariot boxes. Judged from these discoveries, at least a part of wide-backed bow-shaped objects were used as rein holders tied to the front edge of chariot boxes.
Concerning string cutting, tuo (emery wheel) cutting and tuo carving – and discussion of the date the tuo began to be used
Authors: Yeung Kin-Fong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper discussed the jade-carving techniques, summarized the characteristics of blade saw cutting, thread cutting and wheel cutting, and then pointed out that there should not be any wheel tool or wheel cutting technique in the prehistoric period and the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties. The metal wheel tool first appeared in the Spring-and-Autumn Period. Since then, the jade art was improved more and more because of the development of private craftsmanship, the commerce and the destruction of the rigid ritual system.
The Han tomb near Lingsheng Lake in Dingtao County, Shandong
Authors: Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeo  
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In October 2010, the Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted a rescue excavation to a tomb of the Western Han Dynasty (numbered M2) near Lingsheng Lake in Dingtao County. This tomb was in a 甲-shaped plan; the grave built of rammed earth above the ground was roughly square, and the walls were lined with wooden planks; the wooden coffin chambers were protected with large amounts of accumulated sand on all sides and lined with wellbaked gray bricks on all sides and the roof. The coffin chambers were a large-scale “huangchang ticou” wooden architectural complex consisting of three main chambers - a front chamber, a central chamber, and a rear chamber - as well as side chambers, doorways, corridors, outer storage chambers and ticou walls (built of cypress heartwood timbers laid horizontally, with their stacked ends forming the faces of the walls). Many bricks bearing writings in red or black pigment or inscriptions were unearthed from this tomb. This is the best-preserved largescale “huangchang ticou” tomb found to date in China. It can be seen as representative of the most mature form of the “huangchang ticou” burial system and as a transitional stage to the tomb format consisting of a large brick chamber with ambulatory. It constitutes very valuable material for research on the use of the “huangchang
ticou” burial system during the Han Dynasty.
The large houses of Xiahe Site in Baishui County, Shaanxi
Authors: Wang Weilin , Zhang Pengcheng , Yuan Ming 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper discusses the characteristics and significance of the three large pentagonal semi-subterranean houses of the Miaodigou Phase (F1, F2 and F3) at the Xiahe Site in Baishui County, Shaanxi Province. The construction of these houses comprised six steps. The living floors were plastered with lime made from calcareous nodules obtained from the local loess formation. F1 was built on the primary earth surface; wherein F2 was built on the foundation of F3, which was previously burnt to the ground. The living floor of F1 occupied 304.5sq m, making it the largest house structure of its archaeological phase ever found. We maintain that these structures might have been used for religious and communal occasions. The findings of these remarkably large houses are significant to the understanding of the manipulation and organization of resources in the Xiahe community. Furthermore, the technological achievements indicted by them are deemed to be the precursor of palatial architectures in China.
The remains of Yangshao Culture at Xiaowu Site in Lingbao City, Henan
Authors: Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeolog  
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In 2007, Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted survey and trial excavation to the Xiaowu Site in Lingbao City. The trial excavation recovered two tombs of early Yangshao Culture. Both of the tombs were rectangular earthen pit tombs of multiple secondary burials. The M1 of them yielded 79 individuals of human skeletons, and M2 yielded 17 individuals. The M1 was one of the large-scale multiple secondary burial tombs of the Yangshao Culture yielding the most individuals of human skeletons found to date. In the Sanmenxia area, the secondary burials of the Yangshao Culture are rare; these two secondary burial tombs found in Xiaowu Site are the first discovery of this type of burials of early Yangshao Culture in this area, and also the second collective discovery of multiple secondary burial tombs of early Yangshao Culture at the joint area of Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan Provinces in the recent several decades, so they have significant academic values.
Neolithic Yejiamiao City Site in Xiaogan, Hubei
Authors: Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeolog  
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In 2008, Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and other institutions excavated Yejiamiao City Site, which brought to light an important discovery of prehistoric city and settlement archaeology in the middle reach of the Yangtze River in recent years. The whole city site consisted of the Yejiamiao City Site, Jiashan Site and the auxiliary settlement sites at Yangjiazui and Hejiabu Villages. Based on the characteristics of the city walls, moats and the potteries unearthed at the cemeteries, the cultural remains in this site can be divided into three phases corresponding to the early phase of Qujialing Culture, late phase of Qujialing Culture and the early phase of Shijiahe Culture. The city walls and moats were constructed in the late phase of Qujialing Culture; the cemetery of Jiashan Site was used from the early phase of Qujialing Culture to the early phase of Shijiahe Culture; the urn burials in the cemetery were the most unique and rarely seen in the middle reach of the Yangtze River.
The excavation of the bronze casting remains in Zhuangli Locus West at Zhouyuan Site
Authors: Zhouyuan Archaeological Team, Institute of Archaeology, Chin  
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In the springs of the years 2003 and 2004, the two terms of excavations of Zhouyuan Archaeological Team to the Locus West of Zhuangli Village uncovered 650sq m in total, from which 27 burials, one chariot and horse pit and 57 ash pits of the Western Zhou Dynasty were excavated. This report mainly introduces the ash pits and the potteries and bronze casting implements unearthed from these ash pits and strata. The analyses to the potteries showed that the excavated remains were formed in the later stage of the mid Western Zhou Dynasty to the late Western Zhou Dynasty. The pottery molds were found in six strata, 25 pits and the fills and looting tunnels of four burials. Most of the molds were abandoned fragments after stripping, and the original types and patterns of 587 pieces of them could be identified. Most of these molds were outer molds and few of them were inner molds and cores. The molds for casting chariot and horse fittings took the first position in amount, followed by that for casting miscellanies, vessels, weapons and tools. The identified types are ding-tripods, yongzhong-bells, bells, ge-dagger axes, plaques, belt ornaments, linchpins, axle hubs, horse bits, cowries, chariot bells, knives with ring-shaped pommels, and so on. The decorative patterns had totally 19 types. The artifacts and remains related to bronze casting are furnace wall fragments, pottery pipes, mushroom-shaped clay struts, etc. Bronze slag and small bronze items were also found in the remains. The materials fetched in these excavations are very valuable for the researches on the bronze producing techniques, work organizations and product circulations of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Excavation of Liu Shen’s tomb of the Western Han Dynasty on Heitou Hill in Xuzhou, Jiangsu
Authors: Xuzhou Museum  
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In June through August 2006, Xuzhou Museum excavated the M1 at the Heitou Hill in the eastern suburb of Xuzhou City. This tomb was a vertical stone shaft pit tomb of the early Western Han Dynasty; it had an earthen mound above the grave and attendant burials were found around it. In the rammed earth fill of the grave, five layers of sealing stones were found; the burial furniture was wooden coffin, in which two human remains were found, showing that this tomb was a couple joint burial. From this tomb, large amount of exquisite grave goods were unearthed, including potteries, bronzes, jades and agate objects, iron objects, bone and wooden objects, etc. The eight seals among the grave goods were the official and private seals of the tomb occupants, from the text of which we know that the name of the male occupant of the tomb is Liu Shen, and estimate him as a member of the royal family of the Chu Feudatory Kingdom of the Western Han Dynasty.