bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Modified MWCNT with Dithiooxamide for Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Amounts of Cobalt Ions in Food and Natural Water Samples
Authors: Mirabi Ali , Rad Ali Shokuhi , Abdollahi Masoumeh 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA fast, sensitive and simple method using multi wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) coated with dithiooxamide as nanostructure sorbent has been effectively established for extraction and pre‐concentration of trace amounts of cobalt ions before their determination by FAAS (flame atomic absorption spectrometry). Modified MWCNT was synthesized by the reaction of dithiooxamide with functionalized MWCNT. Initially, the surface of MWCNT was oxidized by a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid and then was functionalized using thionyl chloride, following the ligand was attached to the MWCNT. The properties of nanostructure sorbent were characterized by SEM, BET, TGA, elemental analysis CHNS and FT‐IR techniques. Some effective parameters on extraction and complex formation, such as pH, modified MWCNT dosage, concentration and type of eluent, contacting time, salt effect and sample volume have been optimized. We achieved the calibration graph in linear range of 3–2000 ng mL−1 with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.64 ng mL−1. Relative standard deviation (RSD) for Co (II) ions is calculated to be 2.2 %. The projected technique has been used to assay of cobalt ions at ng mL−1 levels in real samples such as tomato, potato, wheat flour, red beans, oat, tap water, river water and seawater with suitable fallouts.
Temperature Dependent Characteristics of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Mingkui , Yim Wai‐Leung , Liao Peizhe , Shen Yan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this work we report the characterization of perovskite solar cells with mesoscopic TiO2/Al2O3/NiO/carbon architecture by analyzing the dependence of photovoltaic parameters on temperature and illumination intensity. This perovskite device shows impressive power conversion efficiency at room temperature (>14 %) and at low temperature of 80 K (>5 %). This enables unequivocal identification of the contribution of CH3NH3PbI3 to construction of the built‐in electric field, and thus, the temperature dependent photovoltaic parameters. The typical feature of this type solar cell is that open‐circuit voltage follows behaviour of the dielectric constant of CH3NH3PbI3. In addition, the dependence of current on light intensity shifts from the space‐charge‐limited to diffusion‐limited mechanisms as increasing temperature. By using the observed significant short‐circuit current density of 12.76 mA cm−2 at 80 K the exciton‐binding energy of CH3NH3PbI3 is evaluated to be less 6.9 meV in an operating device, which can be further verified with Elliott's formula.
Preparation of Bifunctional CuWO4‐Based Heterostructure Nanocomposites for Noble‐Metal‐Free Photocatalysts
Authors: Kannan Selvaraj , Mohanraj Kannusamy , Sivakumar Ganesan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article describes the preparation of copper tungstate (
)‐based heterostructured nanocomposites by facile two‐step polyol assisted hydrothermal‐annealed process. A series of characterization techniques (FESEM, EDS, HRTEM, XPS, XRD and FTIR etc.) were confirmed the formation of type‐I

) and type‐II
heterojunction as function of pH and annealing temperatures. Also
,
,
,
and CuO were found as secondary phases with
. These nanocomposites exhibited the enhanced visible light absorption and the band gap (ca. 1.7 eV) of
is smaller than the early reported value (2.1‐2.3 eV). In photocatalytic degradation, the
/
and
were showed 1.66 fold times higher and nearly equal apparent rate constant respectively than that of
. In photoelectrochemical (PEC) studies, the
,
/
,
and
nanocomposites showed more photocurrent density of 3.5, 2.2, 0.71 and 0.41 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE respectively than CuWO4. The existence of dual co‐catalysts (Cu2O and CuO) with CuWO4, strongly promote the electron‐hole pair separation and migration. Among the nanocomposite, the
was showed the similar static photocurrent as that of
under 1 Sun illumination. The advantage of present work is noble‐metal‐free photocatalysts prepared with binder free, less time, low energy consumption and cost, and environmental benign.
Bioprocess engineering to produce 9-(nonanoyloxy) nonanoic acid by a recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum-based biocatalyst
Authors: Kim Hyeonsoo , Park Soohyun , Cho Sukhyeong , Yang Jeongmo , Jeong Kijun , Park Jinbyung , Lee Jinwon 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Here, Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032 expressing Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase from Pseudomonas putida KT2440 was designed to produce 9-(nonanoyloxy) nonanoic acid from 10-ketostearic acid. Diverse parameters including cultivation and reaction temperatures, type of detergent, and pH were found to improve biotransformation efficiency. The optimal temperature of cultivation for the production of 9-(nonanoyloxy) nonanoic acid from 10-ketostearic acid using whole cells of recombinant C. glutamicum was 15 °C, but the reaction temperature was optimal at 30 °C. Enhanced conversion efficiency was obtained by supplying 0.05 g/L of Tween 80 at pH 7.5. Under these optimal conditions, recombinant C. glutamicum produced 0.28 mM of 9-(nonanoyloxy) nonanoic acid with a 75.6% (mol/mol) conversion yield in 2 h. This is the first report on the biotransformation of 10-ketostearic acid to 9-(nonanoyloxy) nonanoic acid with a recombinant whole-cell C. glutamicum-based biocatalyst and the results demonstrate the feasibility of using C. glutamicum as a whole-cell biocatalyst.
The ‘modern’ management of rats: British agricultural science in farm and field during the twentieth century
Authors: SAYER KAREN 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDuring the period from 1919 to 1970, rat killing was ‘modernized’: official, scientific, commercial, agricultural and county advisers sought ‘rat control’. Scientific expertise on rat parasites and rat control circulated internationally. The risks posed to human health through plague, as traced by researchers who were already expert on the third pandemic, led in the UK to the Rats and Mice (Destruction) Act 1919; and the United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture, at Hot Springs, Virginia, USA, 1943 informed its replacement, the Prevention of Damage by Pests Act 1949. Anticoagulants such as Warfarin developed in the USA at first sold widely in the UK, then later British research on resistance informed subsequent American research. This UK application of international policy and science paralleled the emergence of an official case at Parliamentary level for the national, multidisciplinary and multi-agency approach to rats. Within the UK, animal ecologists under Charles Elton mapped rats in the emergent field of population studies; and new forms of economic costing at MAFF quantified the damage done to farm buildings and machinery and the consumption, soiling and contamination of food, seed and fodder in store. Yet nineteenth-century rat catchers already had an excellent and long-established grasp of rat behaviour, a necessity in either taking or executing their subjects. Though characterized as inefficient, picturesque and craft-based, that vernacular knowledge was reproduced and formalized in the twentieth century through empirical research and evidence-based practice, shaped by experiences at the intersection of human demand, the interests of the (wild and domesticated) animals that humans have preferred, and the endeavours of the rat.
Burns associated with e-cigarette batteries: A case series and literature review
Authors: Harshman Jamie , Vojvodic Miliana , Rogers Alan D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractElectronic cigarettes, often referred to ase-cigarettes, have established a considerable market in North America over the last decade. In parallel to this trend, there has been a surge of e-cigarette battery explosions reported in the general media. Given the growing number of such events, acute care physicians should recognize the associated risks and injury patterns and initiate appropriate treatment. This report presents two cases of burn injuries from e-cigarette battery explosions requiring surgical management. The accompanying comprehensive literature review highlights the emerging importance of e-cigarettes as an aetiology of burn injury.
Disease-linked connexin26 S17F promotes volar skin abnormalities and mild wound healing defects in mice
Authors: Press Eric , Alaga Katanya C , Barr Kevin , Shao Qing , Bosen Felicitas , Willecke Klaus , Laird Dale W 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSeveral mutant mice have been generated to model connexin (Cx)-linked skin diseases; however, the role of connexins in skin maintenance and during wound healing remains to be fully elucidated. Here we generated a novel, viable, and fertile mouse (Cx26CK14-S17F/+) with the keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness mutant (Cx26S17F) driven by the cytokeratin 14 promoter. This mutant mouse mirrors several Cx26-linked human skin pathologies suggesting that the etiology of Cx26-linked skin disease indeed stems from epidermal expression of the Cx26 mutant. Cx26CK14-S17F/+ foot pad epidermis formed severe palmoplantar keratoderma, which expressed elevated levels of Cx26 and filaggrin. Primary keratinocytes isolated from Cx26CK14-S17F/+ neonates exhibited reduced gap junctional intercellular communication and migration. Furthermore, Cx26CK14-S17F/+ mouse skin wound closure was normal but repaired epidermis appeared hyperplastic with elevated expression of cytokeratin 6. Taken together, we suggest that the Cx26S17F mutant disturbs keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal remodeling following wound closure. We further posit that Cx26 contributes to epidermal homeostasis by regulating keratinocyte differentiation, and that mice harboring a disease-linked Cx26 mutant display epidermal abnormalities yet retain most wound healing properties.
Cystatin C as a potential therapeutic mediator against Parkinson’s disease via VEGF-induced angiogenesis and enhanced neuronal autophagy in neurovascular units
Authors: Zou Jing , Chen Zhaoyu , Wei Xiaobo , Chen Zhigang , Fu Yongmei , Yang Xiaoyan , Chen Dan , Wang Rui , Jenner Peter , Lu Jia-Hong , Li Min , Zhang Zhuohua , Tang Beisha , Jin Kunlin , Wang Qing 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCystatin C (CYS C, Cst3) is an endogenous cysteine protease inhibitor that plays neuroprotective roles in neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to explore the association of CYS C with Parkinson’s disease (PD) models and investigate its involvement in the role of neurovascular units (NVUs) in PD neuro-pathogenesis. We used A53T α-synuclein (SNCA) transgenic mice and 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned DAergic PC12 cells as experimental PD models to investigate the mechanisms behind this association. The injections of CYS C were administered to the right substantia nigra (SN) of A53T SNCA transgenic mice to measure the effects of CYS C in transgenic A53T SNCA mice. To explore the angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro, we used the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and tube formation (TF) assay. We found that CYS C has a neuroprotective effect in this in vivo PD model. We observed increased VEGF, NURR1 and autophagy markers LC3B and decreased SNCA and apoptosis marker cleaved CASP3 in different brain regions of CYS C-treated A53T SNCA transgenic mice. In vitro, we observed that CYS C-induced VEGF, a secreted protein, attenuated 6-OHDA-lesioned DAergic PC12 cell degeneration by regulating p-PKC-α/p-ERK1/2-Nurr1 signaling and inducing autophagy. VEGF-mediated angiogenesis was markedly enhanced in the conditioned media of 6-OHDA-lesioned PC12 cells with CYS C-overexpression, whereas blockage of autophagy in CYS C-overexpressing PC12 cells significantly downregulated VEGF expression and the associated angiogenesis. Our data indicate that CYS C displays dual neuronal–vascular functions, promoting PC12 cell survival and angiogenesis via regulating the level of secreted VEGF in NVUs. Our study provides evidence that may aid in the development of an alternative approach for the treatment of PD through modulation of CYS C-mediated neuronal-vascular pathways.
Neuronal population coding of perceived and memorized visual features in the lateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Mendoza-Halliday Diego , Martinez-Trujillo Julio C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe primate lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) encodes visual stimulus features while they are perceived and while they are maintained in working memory. However, it remains unclear whether perceived and memorized features are encoded by the same or different neurons and population activity patterns. Here we record LPFC neuronal activity while monkeys perceive the motion direction of a stimulus that remains visually available, or memorize the direction if the stimulus disappears. We find neurons with a wide variety of combinations of coding strength for perceived and memorized directions: some neurons encode both to similar degrees while others preferentially or exclusively encode either one. Reading out the combined activity of all neurons, a machine-learning algorithm reliably decode the motion direction and determine whether it is perceived or memorized. Our results indicate that a functionally diverse population of LPFC neurons provides a substrate for discriminating between perceptual and mnemonic representations of visual features.
A robot for high yield electrophysiology and morphology of single neurons in vivo
Authors: Li Lu , Ouellette Benjamin , Stoy William A. , Garren Emma J. , Daigle Tanya L. , Forest Craig R. , Koch Christof , Zeng Hongkui 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSingle-cell characterization and perturbation of neurons provides knowledge critical to addressing fundamental neuroscience questions including the structure–function relationship and neuronal cell-type classification. Here we report a robot for efficiently performing in vivo single-cell experiments in deep brain tissues optically difficult to access. This robot automates blind (non-visually guided) single-cell electroporation (SCE) and extracellular electrophysiology, and can be used to characterize neuronal morphological and physiological properties of, and/or manipulate genetic/chemical contents via delivering extraneous materials (for example, genes) into single neurons in vivo. Tested in the mouse brain, our robot successfully reveals the full morphology of single-infragranular neurons recorded in multiple neocortical regions, as well as deep brain structures such as hippocampal CA3, with high efficiency. Our robot thus can greatly facilitate the study of in vivo full morphology and electrophysiology of single neurons in the brain.
Simple and scalable growth of AgCl nanorods by plasma-assisted strain relaxation on flexible polymer substrates
Authors: Park Jae Yong , Lee Illhwan , Ham Juyoung , Gim Seungo , Lee Jong-Lam 
Published: June 2017

AbstractImplementing nanostructures on plastic film is indispensable for highly efficient flexible optoelectronic devices. However, due to the thermal and chemical fragility of plastic, nanostructuring approaches are limited to indirect transfer with low throughput. Here, we fabricate single-crystal AgCl nanorods by using a Cl2 plasma on Ag-coated polyimide. Cl radicals react with Ag to form AgCl nanorods. The AgCl is subjected to compressive strain at its interface with the Ag film because of the larger lattice constant of AgCl compared to Ag. To minimize strain energy, the AgCl nanorods grow in the [200] direction. The epitaxial relationship between AgCl (200) and Ag (111) induces a strain, which leads to a strain gradient at the periphery of AgCl nanorods. The gradient causes a strain-induced diffusion of Ag atoms to accelerate the nanorod growth. Nanorods grown for 45 s exhibit superior haze up to 100% and luminance of optical device increased by up to 33%.
The microprotein Minion controls cell fusion and muscle formation
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Vashisht Ajay A. , O’Rourke Jason , Corbel Stéphane Y , Moran Rita , Romero Angelica , Miraglia Loren , Zhang Jia , Durrant Eric , Schmedt Christian , Sampath Srinath C. , Sampath Srihari C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlthough recent evidence has pointed to the existence of small open reading frame (smORF)-encoded microproteins in mammals, their function remains to be determined. Skeletal muscle development requires fusion of mononuclear progenitors to form multinucleated myotubes, a critical but poorly understood process. Here we report the identification of Minion (microprotein inducer of fusion), a smORF encoding an essential skeletal muscle specific microprotein. Myogenic progenitors lacking Minion differentiate normally but fail to form syncytial myotubes, and Minion-deficient mice die perinatally and demonstrate a marked reduction in fused muscle fibres. The fusogenic activity of Minion is conserved in the human orthologue, and co-expression of Minion and the transmembrane protein Myomaker is sufficient to induce cellular fusion accompanied by rapid cytoskeletal rearrangement, even in non-muscle cells. These findings establish Minion as a novel microprotein required for muscle development, and define a two-component programme for the induction of mammalian cell fusion. Moreover, these data also significantly expand the known functions of smORF-encoded microproteins.
Giant barocaloric effect in the ferroic organic-inorganic hybrid [TPrA][Mn(dca)3] perovskite under easily accessible pressures
Authors: Bermúdez-García Juan M. , Sánchez-Andújar Manuel , Castro-García Socorro , López-Beceiro Jorge , Artiaga Ramón , Señarís-Rodríguez María A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe fast growing family of organic–inorganic hybrid compounds has recently been attracting increased attention owing to the remarkable functional properties (magnetic, multiferroic, optoelectronic, photovoltaic) displayed by some of its members. Here we show that these compounds can also have great potential in the until now unexplored field of solid-state cooling by presenting giant barocaloric effects near room temperature already under easily accessible pressures in the hybrid perovskite [TPrA][Mn(dca)3] (TPrA: tetrapropylammonium, dca: dicyanamide). Moreover, we propose that this will not be an isolated example for such an extraordinary behaviour as many other organic–inorganic hybrids (metal-organic frameworks and coordination polymers) exhibit the basic ingredients to display large caloric effects which can be very sensitive to pressure and other external stimuli. These findings open up new horizons and great opportunities for both organic–inorganic hybrids and for solid-state cooling technologies.
Thermal annihilation of photo-induced radicals following dynamic nuclear polarization to produce transportable frozen hyperpolarized 13C-substrates
Authors: Capozzi Andrea , Cheng Tian , Boero Giovanni , Roussel Christophe , Comment Arnaud 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHyperpolarization via dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is pivotal for boosting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity and dissolution DNP can be used to perform in vivo real-time 13C MRI. The type of applications is however limited by the relatively fast decay time of the hyperpolarized spin state together with the constraint of having to polarize the 13C spins in a dedicated apparatus nearby but separated from the MRI magnet. We herein demonstrate that by polarizing 13C with photo-induced radicals, which can be subsequently annihilated using a thermalization process that maintains the sample temperature below its melting point, hyperpolarized 13C-substrates can be extracted from the DNP apparatus in the solid form, while maintaining the enhanced 13C polarization. The melting procedure necessary to transform the frozen solid into an injectable solution containing the hyperpolarized 13C-substrates can therefore be performed ex situ, up to several hours after extraction and storage of the polarized solid.
The Effects of e-interventions on the Medical Outcomes of Hemodialysis Patients: A Retrospective Matched Patient Cohort Study
Authors: Jenq Chang-Chyi , Hung Cheng-Chieh , Juan Kuo-Chang , Hsu Kuang-Hung 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAggressively applying e-interventions in the health care industry has become a global trend to improve the quality of medical care. The present retrospective study evaluated the effect of electronic information systems on the quality of medical care provide to hemodialysis (HD) patients. In total, 600 patients (300 patients each in the e-intervention and non-e-intervention groups, were matched for sex, age, HD duration, diabetes, and hypertension) receiving HD at the study institute for four years were included in this study. The e-intervention group had significantly fewer hospitalization days than the non-e-intervention group. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the non-e-intervention group had a significantly higher mortality rate than the e-intervention group. Stratified analysis revealed significant differences between the e-intervention and non-e-intervention groups in their serum albumin levels, urea reduction ratios, and cardiothoracic ratios at 1-year follow-up. The patients in the e-intervention group had a significantly higher HD blood flow rate, fewer hospitalization days and a lower 4-year all-cause mortality rate than those in the non-e-intervention group. The implementation of the e-intervention improved patient outcomes, but additional studies are required to evaluate the cost effectiveness of such implementations.
Formation Mechanism for 2015/16 Super El Niño
Authors: Chen Lin , Li Tim , Wang Bin , Wang Lu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe extreme El Niño (EN) events in 1997/98 and 1982/83, referred to as super EN, exerted remarkable global influence. A super EN was anticipated on the way in early 2014 but failed to materialize toward the end of 2014. Whilst the scientific community was still puzzling about the cause of the aborted EN event in 2014, the remnants of the decaying warming in late 2014 unexpectedly reignited since February 2015 and grew into a super EN by the end of 2015. Understanding the onset mechanism of the 2015 EN event and its differences from past super EN events is crucial for improving EN prediction in a changing climate. Our observational analyses and modeling studies demonstrate that the principal difference between the 2015 EN and the past super ENs lies in exceptionally strong and consecutive occurrence of westerly wind burst events that turned around unfavorable ocean thermocline conditions in tropical western Pacific in early 2015, reigniting rapidly the surface warming in the eastern Pacific. By August the sea surface temperature anomalies reached a critical amplitude similar to that of the past super ENs; positive atmosphere-ocean feedbacks further amplify this warm episode into a super EN by the end of 2015.