bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Discovery of λ Bootis Stars: The Southern Survey I
Authors: Gray R. O. , Riggs Q. S. , Koen C. , Murphy S. J. , Newsome I. M. , Corbally C. J. , Cheng K.-P. , Neff J. E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The λ Boo stars are a class of chemically peculiar Population I A-type stars characterized by under-abundances of the refractory elements, but near-solar abundances of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. There is some evidence that λ Boo stars have higher frequencies of “bright” debris disks than normal A-type stars. The discovery of four exoplanets orbiting HR 8799, a λ Boo star with a resolved debris disk, suggests that the λ Boo phenomenon may be related to the presence of a dynamic debris disk, perhaps perturbed by migrating planets. However, only 64 λ Boo stars are known, and those stars were discovered with different techniques, making it problematic to use that sample for statistical purposes, including determining the frequency of debris disks. The purpose of this paper is to derive a new sample of λ Boo stars using a technique that does not lead to biases with respect to the presence of infrared excesses. Through spectroscopic observations in the southern hemisphere, we have discovered 33 λ Boo stars and have confirmed 12 others. As a step toward determining the proportion of λ Boo stars with infrared excesses, we have used WISE data to examine the infrared properties of this sample out to 22 μm. On this basis, we cannot conclude that λ Boo stars have a greater tendency than normal A-type stars to show infrared excesses. However, observing this sample at longer wavelengths may change that conclusion, as many λ Boo debris disks are cool and do not radiate strongly at 22 μm.
Nonlinear Color–Metallicity Relations of Globular Clusters. VII. Nonlinear Absorption-line Index versus Metallicity Relations and Bimodal Index Distributions of NGC 5128 Globular Clusters
Authors: Kim Sooyoung , Yoon Suk-Jin 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Spectroscopy on the globular cluster (GC) system of NGC 5128 revealed bimodality in absorption-line index distributions of its old GCs. GC division is a widely observed and studied phenomenon whose interpretation has depicted host galaxy formation and evolution such that it harbors two distinct metallicity groups. Such a conventional view of GC bimodality has mainly been based on photometry. The recent GC photometric data, however, presented an alternative perspective in which the nonlinear metallicity-to-color transformation is responsible for color bimodality of GC systems. Here we apply the same line of analysis to the spectral indices and examine the absorption-line index versus metallicity relations for the NGC 5128 GC system. NGC 5128 GCs display nonlinearity in the metallicity-index planes, most prominently for the Balmer lines and by a non-negligible degree for the metallicity-sensitive magnesium line. We demonstrate that the observed spectroscopic division of NGC 5128 GCs can be caused by the nonlinear nature of the metallicity-to-index conversions and thus one does not need to resort to two separate GC subgroups. Our analysis incorporating this nonlinearity provides a new perspective on the structure of NGC 5128's GC system, and a further piece to the global picture of the formation of GC systems and their host galaxies.
Des Attalides aux empereurs, Pergame et le culte des souverains
Authors: Gros Pierre 
Published: June 2017

Un nouveau livre de Filippo Coarelli présente, au terme d’un réexamen des principaux ensembles monumentaux de Pergame et de l’analyse des monographies ou études de détail qui en ont été proposées, la première approche globale de ce vaste complexe réparti sur des terrasses, en portant une attention particulière aux édifices et cérémonies destinés à exalter la puissance des souverains et de leurs divinités protectrices. Il contient un nombre important d’identifications et d’hypothèses nouvelles qui sont de nature à éclairer la cohérence topographique et les finalités idéologiques d’un système urbanistique dont les fonctions essentielles se sont maintenues jusqu’au ii	e s. de n. ère.
Les exécutions d’otages en France au premier semestre 1942
Authors: Poulhès Louis 
Published: June 2017

Entre deux grandes vagues d’exécution d’otages, celle de septembre-octobre puis décembre 1941, et celle d’août-septembre 1942 renouvelée en octobre 1943, les 251 otages exécutés entre janvier et mai 1942 sont mal connus. Leur étude met en lumière « l’imaginaire répulsif » des nazis qui visent principalement communistes et Juifs. La très fréquente dispersion des exécutions sur le territoire occupé peut être interprétée comme une tentative contradictoire du commandement militaire allemand de conserver un impact fort à ces mesures tout en tout en gardant une relative modération.
B Cell–Extrinsic Myd88 and Fcer1g Negatively Regulate Autoreactive and Normal B Cell Immune Responses
Authors: Sweet Rebecca A. , Nickerson Kevin M. , Cullen Jaime L. , Wang Yujuan , Shlomchik Mark J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
MyD88 and FcR common γ-chain (Fcer1g, FcRγ) elicit proinflammatory responses to exogenous Ags. Deletion of these receptors in autoimmune models has generally led to reduced overall disease. In B cells, Myd88 is required for anti-DNA and anti-RNA autoantibody responses, whereas Fcer1g is not expressed in these cells. The roles of these receptors in myeloid cells during B cell autoimmune activation remain less clear. To investigate the roles of Myd88 and Fcer1g in non-B cells, we transferred anti–self-IgG (rheumatoid factor) B cells and their physiologic target Ag, anti-chromatin Ab, into mice lacking Fcer1g, Myd88, or both and studied the extrafollicular plasmablast response. Surprisingly, we found a markedly higher and more prolonged response in the absence of either molecule; this effect was accentuated in doubly deficient recipients, with a 40-fold increase compared with wild-type recipients at day 10. This enhancement was dependent on CD40L, indicating that Myd88 and FcRγ, presumably on myeloid APCs, were required to downregulate T cell help for the extrafollicular response. To extend the generality, we then investigated a classic T cell–dependent response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl conjugated to chicken γ globulin and found a similar effect. Thus, these results reveal novel regulatory roles in the B cell response for receptors that are typically proinflammatory.
Coal extraction causes sediment toxicity in aquatic environments in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Freitas Lucimaira Amaral de , Rambo (in memoriam) Cassiano Lazarotto , Franscescon Francini , Barros Antônio Felipe Primon de , Lucca Guilherme Dos Santos De , Siebel Anna Maria , Scapinello Jaqueline , Lucas Elaine Maria , Magro Jacir Dal 
Published: June 2017

This study evaluated water parameters in ponds affected by coal extraction. Allium cepa assay was used to measure genotoxicity/mutagenicity of the sediment. Samples were collected from four ponds in the southern state of Santa Catarina. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and turbidity were measured. Sediments were analyzed for heavy metals. Elutriate samples were prepared at a ratio of 1:4 sediment:water. Allium cepa bulbs were placed in samples prepared from each pond, with ultrapure water used as negative control and methyl methane sulfonate as positive control. Root length, mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and nuclear abnormalities were measured. The pH of two ponds, as well as electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen of all ponds were below the minimum limits set by Brazilian regulation. All heavy metals analyzed were found in all sediment samples, but only Cd concentration was above the legal limit set by Brazilian law. Allium cepa root growth for samples from Ponds 1, 2, and 4 was significantly lower than the negative control. Meristematic cells exposed to elutriate samples showed no significant changes in cell division. There was a significant increase in total chromosomal aberrations in all treated samples in comparison with the negative control. This study demonstrates that even low concentrations of heavy metals can damage exposed biota, possibly due to synergistic effects. We also found the A. cepa bioassay to be a simple and useful tool for genotoxicity/mutagenicity analyses, and recommend its use for environmental monitoring and management in areas influenced by mining activities.
Estimating the atmospheric concentration of Criegee intermediates and their possible interference in a FAGE-LIF instrument
Authors: Novelli Anna , Hens Korbinian , Tatum Ernest Cheryl , Martinez Monica , Nölscher Anke C. , Sinha Vinayak , Paasonen Pauli , Petäjä Tuukka , Sipilä Mikko , Elste Thomas , Plass-Dülmer Christian , Phillips Gavin J. , Kubistin Dagmar , Williams Jonathan , Vereecken Luc , Lelieveld Jos , Harder Hartwig 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. We analysed the extensive dataset from the HUMPPA-COPEC 2010 and the HOPE 2012 field campaigns in the boreal forest and rural environments of Finland and Germany, respectively, and estimated the abundance of stabilised Criegee intermediates (SCIs) in the lower troposphere. Based on laboratory tests, we propose that the background OH signal observed in our IPI-LIF-FAGE instrument during the aforementioned campaigns is caused at least partially by SCIs. This hypothesis is based on observed correlations with temperature and with concentrations of unsaturated volatile organic compounds and ozone. Just like SCIs, the background OH concentration can be removed through the addition of sulfur dioxide. SCIs also add to the previously underestimated production rate of sulfuric acid. An average estimate of the SCI concentration of  ∼  5.0  ×  104 molecules cm−3 (with an order of magnitude uncertainty) is calculated for the two environments. This implies a very low ambient concentration of SCIs, though, over the boreal forest, significant for the conversion of SO2 into H2SO4. The large uncertainties in these calculations, owing to the many unknowns in the chemistry of Criegee intermediates, emphasise the need to better understand these processes and their potential effect on the self-cleaning capacity of the atmosphere.
Spatial variability of CO2 uptake in polygonal tundra: assessing low-frequency disturbances in eddy covariance flux estimates
Authors: Pirk Norbert , Sievers Jakob , Mertes Jordan , Parmentier Frans-Jan W. , Mastepanov Mikhail , Christensen Torben R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The large spatial variability in Arctic tundra complicates the representative assessment of CO2 budgets. Accurate measurements of these heterogeneous landscapes are, however, essential to understanding their vulnerability to climate change. We surveyed a polygonal tundra lowland on Svalbard with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that mapped ice-wedge morphology to complement eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements of CO2. The analysis of spectral distributions showed that conventional EC methods do not accurately capture the turbulent CO2 exchange with a spatially heterogeneous surface that typically features small flux magnitudes. Nonlocal (low-frequency) flux contributions were especially pronounced during snowmelt and introduced a large bias of −46 gC m−2 to the annual CO2 budget in conventional methods (the minus sign indicates a higher uptake by the ecosystem). Our improved flux calculations with the ogive optimization method indicated that the site was a strong sink for CO2 in 2015 (−82 gC m−2). Due to differences in light-use efficiency, wetter areas with low-centered polygons sequestered 47 % more CO2 than drier areas with flat-centered polygons. While Svalbard has experienced a strong increase in mean annual air temperature of more than 2 K in the last few decades, historical aerial photographs from the site indicated stable ice-wedge morphology over the last 7 decades. Apparently, warming has thus far not been sufficient to initiate strong ice-wedge degradation, possibly due to the absence of extreme heat episodes in the maritime climate on Svalbard. However, in Arctic regions where ice-wedge degradation has already initiated the associated drying of landscapes, our results suggest a weakening of the CO2 sink in polygonal tundra.
Flood risk perception and adaptation capacity: a contribution to the socio-hydrology debate
Authors: Fuchs Sven , Karagiorgos Konstantinos , Kitikidou Kyriaki , Maris Fotios , Paparrizos Spyridon , Thaler Thomas 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Dealing with flood hazard and risk requires approaches rooted in both natural and social sciences, which provided the nexus for the ongoing debate on socio-hydrology. Various combinations of non-structural and structural flood risk reduction options are available to communities. Focusing on flood risk and the information associated with it, developing risk management plans is required but often overlooks public perception of a threat. The perception of risk varies in many different ways, especially between the authorities and the affected public. It is because of this disconnection that many risk management plans concerning floods have failed in the past. This paper examines the private adaptation capacity and willingness with respect to flooding in two different catchments in Greece prone to multiple flood events during the last 20 years. Two studies (East Attica and Evros) were carried out, comprised of a survey questionnaire of 155 and 157 individuals, from a peri-urban (East Attica) and a rural (Evros) area, respectively, and they focused on those vulnerable to periodic (rural area) and flash floods (peri-urban area). Based on the comparisons drawn from these responses, and identifying key issues to be addressed when flood risk management plans are implemented, improvements are being recommended for the social dimension surrounding such implementation. As such, the paper contributes to the ongoing discussion on human–environment interaction in socio-hydrology.
Somatic cell count in milk of individual lacaune ewes under practical conditions in slovakia: possible effect on milk yield and its composition
Authors: Tančin Vladimí­r , Uhrinčať Michal , Mačuhová Lucia , Baranovič Štefan , Vršková Martina 
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to describe the health status of udder through analysis of somati cell count (SCC) in milk of Lacaune breed. The study was conducted at five Slovak farms. Milk yield recordings and milk samples were taken from March till August by certificated organisation for milk recording, where also milk analysis on SCC was processed. In total 1192 samples were analysed. Milk samples were divided into the five categories on the basis of SCC: SCC <0.2 × 106, between 0.2 - 0.4 × 106, 0.4 - 0.6 × 106, 0.6 - 1 × 106 and >106 cells.mL-1. Animals were divided into seven stages of lactation (first: 30-60 days of lactation and then each following 30 days a further group of lactation stage was considered). The Mixed model with Scheffe's analysis as a post hoc test was used. SCC on farm 3 was highest (5.80 ±0.04 log SCC mL-1) as compared with others farms (p <0.05). Significant effect of farms on milk yield demonstrates different level of farm management. Between farm 1 and 3 the differences in milk yield per milking is more than double. Frequency of distribution of milk samples was 53.36%, 13.93%, 6.29%, 7.21% and 19.21% for different categories respectively. In category >106 cells.mL-1 the highest percentage was on farm 4 (33.57%) and lowest on farm 2 (8.06%) though more representative percentage was on farm 5 (12.05%) due to larger number of animals. The negative effect of high SCC on milk yield was observed in all farms. Data also revealed that main part of individual milk samples had SCC below 0.6 × 106 cells.mL-1 which could be an important argument for future legislative establishment of limits for SCC in ewe's milk.
Square wave and differential pulse voltammetric methods for the analysis of olivetol at gold electrode
Authors: Bagalkoti Jyoti T. , Pattar Vijay P. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T. 
Published: June 2017

<p class="PaperAbstract"><span lang="EN-US">Few electrochemical techniques have been employed for the determination of the powerful antitumor agent olivetol (OLV) in real samples at gold electrode. An intense and well pronounced oxidation peak was obtained at 1.04 V in the phosphate buffer pH 5.0 as the supporting electrolyte. The effects of pH and scan rate on the oxidation peak were studied. The electrochemical behavior of OLV was investigated using cyclic voltammetric (CV), square wave voltammetric (SWV) and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) techniques. In DPV and SWV, the gold electrode showed a good sensitivity for OLV in a linear range of 0.1-1.5 µM and 0.1-1.3 µM and detection limits of 1.936×10<sup>-9</sup> M and 4.754</span><span lang="EN-US">×</span><span lang="EN-US">10<sup>-9</sup> M, respectively. A plausible mechanism involving an adsorption controlled oxidation reaction was deduced. The effect of various excipients was also studied and the method was successfully applied for the determination of OLV in human biological samples. </span></p>
International courts
Authors: Nagan Winston P. , Haddad Aitza M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInternational courts were a tentative innovation in the early twentieth century. After World War II the international community developed a greater confidence in the importance of international courts within the context of law and public order. In the latter part of the twentieth century international confidence in the courts reached unprecedented levels as both international and regional international judicial institutions were created to meet many problems that were not suited to the conventional methods of solving international problems through diplomacy and other less formalized methods of dispute settlement.
Aelfheah, Life of
Authors: Gerrard Daniel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTheLifeof St Aelheah (Elphege, Alphege) is a Latin account, written c. 1080 by Osbern, precentor of Christ Church, Canterbury, to celebrate and affirm the martyrdom of the saint, who had been murdered by the Danes in 1012. An ascetic and former member of the communities at Deerhurst and Bath, he was elevated first to the bishopric of Winchester and later to the archbishopric of Canterbury. Though containing relatively little factual content, it is noteworthy for its vivid depiction of the sack of Canterbury and of Aelfheah's passion.
Chaucer:ATreatise on theAstrolabe
Authors: Mitchell J. Allan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAn operating manual for a versatile scientific instrument, Chaucer'sTreatise on the Astrolabewas designed as an elementary textbook in practical astronomy and geography. Addressed to an amateur, the technical manual demonstrates the rudimentary principles and practices of the science while also nurturing an expansive view of global culture, history, technology, and the cosmos.
Charters andWrits
Authors: Smith Scott T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCharter is a general term denoting a wide range of medieval legal documents written in both English and Latin. One prominent charter form is the formal Latin document known as the royal diploma, which records a grant of land held in perpetual possession with freedom of alienation. Another charter form is the writ, a short document issued by the king and bearing his seal that instructs local officials, courts, and individuals on various administrative and policy matters.
Ælfwine's Prayerbook
Authors: Stephenson Rebecca 
Published: June 2017

AbstractÆlfwine's Prayerbook is a personal manuscript that combines devotional literature with computistical and prognostical material in Latin and English. In addition to the written text, the manuscript includes three illustrations that are often studied in Anglo‐Saxon art, especially the Winchester Quinity, which is a version of the Trinity that includes the Virgin Mary and both a human and divine representation of Christ.
Courtly Love
Authors: Wollock Jennifer Goodman 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCourtly Love, also known asfin'amorsoramor cortez,the medieval European aristocratic code of courtship, retains its mystery and controversy down to the present. Shaped by feudalism and intertwined with chivalry, courtly love gave medieval western literature much of its distinctive character. Subversive and startling from its first appearance in the early twelfth century, it still sparks critical debate, admiration, and revulsion in equal measure. Without a doubt it remains one of the central problems for the student of medieval literature.
Multivariate Kriging
Authors: Wackernagel Hans 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Kriging is a special type of optimal linear prediction applied to random functions, with the particular requirement that the covariance structure of the random function should be known. Kriging may be extended to several variables by specifying a corresponding system of direct and cross‐covariance functions to be used in cokriging. Alternatively, secondary variables known at all sample and prediction locations can be included into (co‐)kriging as external drift.
Biochemical Genetic Analysis of Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Cobbett Christopher S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionNitrogen and Amino AcidsCarbohydrate MetabolismGlycerolipids and WaxesMetabolic Pathways Involved in Responses to StressOther Metabolic PathwaysConclusionAcknowledgements
Biosynthesis of Phenylpropanoids and Related Compounds (FromAPRVolume 2)
Authors: Petersen Maike , Strack Dieter , Matern Ulrich 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionGeneral Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Hydroxycinnamate ConjugatesCoumarinsLignansGallotannins and EllagitanninsFlavonoids, Anthocyanins, Proanthocyanidins, Condensed Tannins and Isoflavonoids
Anionic Redox in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Li Biao , Xia Dingguo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe extraordinarily high capacities delivered by lithium‐rich oxide cathodes, compared with conventional layered oxide electrodes, are a result of contributions from both cationic and anionic redox processes. This phenomenon has invoked a lot of research exploring new kinds of lithium‐rich oxides with multiple‐electron redox processes. Though proposed many years ago, anionic redox is now regarded to be crucial in further developing high‐capacity electrodes. A basic overview of the previous work on anionic redox is given, and issues related to electronic and geometric structures are discussed, including the principles of activation, reversibility, and the energy barrier of anionic redox. Anionic redox also leads to capacity loss and structural degradation, as well as voltage hysteresis, which shows the importance of controlling anionic redox reactions. Finally, the techniques used for characterizing anionic redox processes are reviewed to aid the rational choice of techniques in future studies. Important perspectives are highlighted, which should instruct future work concerning anionic redox processes.