bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecticide Rescue Treatments for Control of First-Generation European Corn Borer in South Dakota, 1997
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Boetel M. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Corn fields near New Holland and Letcher, South Dakota were used to evaluate planting-time and postemergence insecticides for controlling first-generation European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner, larvae. Preapplication counts (4 d before application) at Letcher indicated a uniform infestation of O. nubilalis larvae in 92.0% of plants sampled. Approximately 2.4 larvae (4.2, 62.5 and 33.3% were 1st, 2nd and 3rd instars, respectively) per plant were observed at this location. Similarly at New Holland a 90% infestation level (predominantly 1st and 2nd instars on the application date) existed, but the average number of larvae was estimated to be ~ 4-fold less than at Letcher). The at-planting-time treatment at New Holland occurred on 15 May and all whorl-treatments (approximately 1 week prior to tasseling) on 12 July (Letcher) and 15 July (New Holland). Insecticides were applied to single-row plots (16.4 cm by 30.5 m) in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Granules were directed into corn plant’s whorl using a pneumatic applicator powered by a 3.5-horsepower engine mounted on a highboy. Noble metering units attached to a modified chain-driven apparatus regulated the amount of granules released into the pneumatic applicator. Liquid treatments were applied to corn plant whorls using a single-nozzle 3-gal. CO2-propelled backpack sprayer system. Approximately one month following insecticide applications (11 August), twenty corn stalks were randomly chosen from each plot. Each plant was split vertically and examined for O. nubilalis tunneling damage. The number and length of O. nubilalis cavities were analyzed using the ANOVA procedure with means being compared with the LSD.
Corn Rootworm Insecticide Screening, 1997
Authors: Jarvi Keith , Echtenkamp Jerry , Witkowski John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The test plots were planted on 9 May. Seven-inch banded (TB/P) and in-furrow (IF/P) planting time treatments were applied with a cone-belt distributor mounted on a John Deere Maxemerge equipped with incorporation tines. Regent 4 SC and 80 WP treatments were applied in-furrow at planting (MT/P) with microtubes at a 1-gallon solution per acre. Cultivation treatments (B/C) were applied over the row on 19 Jun with the cone-belt distributor mounted on a hand-powered bicycle-wheel applicator. The entire plot was cultivated immediately after application of the 19 Jun treatments by a tractor-mounted cultivator. The seeding rate was 19,000 seeds/acre on 30-inch rows. Previous crop was late planted corn as a trap crop. The field was disked twice prior to planting. Preplant anhydrous ammonia was applied at the rate of 90 lb/acre prior to planting. Approximately 20% corn stalk residue was left after field preparation. The experimental design was a RCB with four replications, each treatment being a single 47-ft-long row. Five randomly selected roots from each replication were dug and rated on 24 Jul on the Iowa State 1-6 scale (1. no damage; 6, 3 or more nodes pruned to within 1 1/2 inch of the stalk).
Evaluation of a Corn Seed Treatment and a T-Banded Insecticide for Control of Seedling Pests on Corn, 1997
Authors: Riley T. J. , Castro B. A. , Calix C. , Rabb J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Corn seed was planted in a conventional tillage system in a Norwood sandy loam on 24 Apr. Treatments were applied to 4-row plots (40 inch centers) X 25 ft, arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Damage caused by SCRW, maize billbugs, leaf feeding caterpillar complex (YSAW and CEW), garden webworm, and black cutworms was estimated on 20 May by visually examining the entire 2 center rows and recording the number of plants damaged by each pest. Plant population densities were estimated on 20 May by counting the total number of plants in the 2 center rows. Corn seed yields were obtained on 28 Aug by mechanically harvesting the 2 center rows in each plot.
Control of Western Corn Rootworm Larvae, 1997
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for rootworm larval suppression in a field composed of Cozad silt loam soils. ‘DeKalb 580’ hybrid corn was ridge planted near North Platte, NE, on 1 May. At the time of planting, soil moisture was adequate for germination. Soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm was about 7°C. Treatments were applied at planting to 5 X 40 ft plots in a RCB design with four replicates. Insecticides were applied with either a planter-mounted “Smart Box” applicator or a bicycle wheel applicator-mounted noble box. On 15 Jul four plants from each plot were collected and the roots were washed. The roots were then rated for rootworm damage using the 1-6 Iowa State scale. Treatment means were analyzed with ANOVA and were separated with Fisher’s protected test of least significant difference.
Efficacy of Registered and Experimental Insecticides to Control Corn Rootworm Larvae, 1997
Authors: Shaw J. T. , Steffey K. L. , Gray M. E. , Finger J. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Each treatment was applied to a single 100-ft-long row at DeKalb and Monmouth, and 65 ft long at Urbana. Furadan 4°F was broadcast over two rows at Ur-bana. A RCB design with 4 replications was used. Included within each replication at all three locations were two untreated check plots. Data collected from the untreated plots were averaged for the ANOVA. Granular insecticides applied at planting were metered through computer controlled SmartBox (SBX) granular applicators or Noble units mounted on each row of the ALMACO 4-row precision planter and applied in-furrow or in a 7-inch band ahead of the firming wheels on the planter. Spring tines mounted behind each planter unit were used to incorporate the insecticide. All rates are specified as lb (AI)/acre based on 30-inch row spacing. At Monmouth and DeKalb, liquid applications of Regent 80 WG and Regent 4 SC were delivered in-furrow at planting through micro-tubes calibrated to deliver 0.99 gpa at 20 psi and a speed of 3.0 mph. Lorsban 4 E at all three locations was applied in a band at planting with a single 80067 nozzle calibrated to deliver 3.3 gpa at 16 psi and 3.0 mph. Furadan 4°F was applied as a broadcast spray over 2 rows on 13 Jun for the Urbana location only. The Furadan 4°F treatment was applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer system utilizing 4 8003 VS nozzles calibrated to deliver 18.7 gpa at 25 psi.
Efficacy of Reduced Application Rates of Soil Insecticides for Control of Corn Rootworm Larvae, 1997
Authors: Shaw J. T. , Steffey K. L. , Gray M. E. , Finger J. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Each treatment was applied to a single 100-ft-long row at DeKalb and 65 ft long at Urbana, IL. A RCB design with four replications was used. Included within each replication at both locations were two untreated check plots. Data collected from the untreated plots were averaged for the ANOVA. Granular insecticides applied at planting were metered through computer-controlled SmartBox (SBX) granular applicators or Noble units mounted on each row of the ALMACO 4-row precision planter and applied in-furrow or in a 7-inch band ahead of the firming wheels on the planter. Spring tines mounted behind each planter unit were used to incorporate the insecticide. All rates are specified as lb (AI)/acre based on 30-inch row spacing. Lorsban 4 E was ap-plied at the Urbana location only in a band at planting with a single 80067 nozzle calibrated to deliver 3.3 gpa at 16 psi and 3.0 mph.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Bollworms on Bt Cotton, 1997
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 12 May in 38-inch rows at the Upper Coastal Plain Research Station near Rocky Mount in central North Carolina. The fertility and herbicide programs followed extension recommendations for cotton in this region. Temik at 5.0 lb (AI)/acre was used at planting. Plot size was 50 ft X 6 rows with 4 replications arranged in a RCBD. Insecticide applications were applied on 22 Aug with a backpack-type, CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.0 gpa at 50 psi with a single TX-8 Spray Systems nozzle 18 inches over the row. All treatments were evaluated for fruit damage and live caterpillars on 2 and 29 Sep by examining 25 squares and bolls per replicate (total 100 per treatment). Plots were harvested from the middle 2 rows with a 2-row John Deere picker on 23 Oct. Seed cotton yields were converted to lint cotton/acre using 40% gin turnout. All data were analyzed by ANOVA and DMRT.
Evaluation of Selected Alternatives for Tobacco Budworms on Cotton in Southern North Carolina, 1997
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 1 May in a Faceville loamy sand on 38-inch rows near Laurel Hill in southeastern NC. Recommended practices for fertility and weed management were followed, and 0.75 lb (AI)/acre Temik 15G used at planting for thrips control. Plots were 45 ft X 6 rows, with 10-ft alleys and 4 replications arranged in a RCBD. The entire test was oversprayed with 0.75 lb (AI)/acre Orthene 75S on 19 Jun to encourage TBW establishment via destruction of beneficial arthropods. Karate and Naturalis-L were applied on 30 Jun. All applications were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 8 gpa at 50 psi with a single Spraying Systems TX-8 hollow-cone nozzle per row. On 26 Jun, all squares and terminals were removed from the middle 2 rows of one treatment and 50% removal of the squares and terminals constituted a second. On 17 Jul, at early bloom, the 3 oldest, most mature fruit were removed from all plants in a 3rd fruit removal treatment. On 8 Jul, 25 terminals from each plot (100 per treatment) were examined for terminal and square damage by TBW and live larvae. On 23 Sep, the numbers of open and closed bolls were counted for 15 ft of the middle 2 rows of each plot per replicate (30 ft total per treatment). Plots were not harvested. All data were analyzed via ANOVA and DMRT.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides for Thrips Control on Cotton, 1997
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Granular insecticides were applied in-furrow at planting from a John Deere planter on 14 May in Halifax Co., NC. The Gaucho seed treatment was a commercial formulation. The foliar treatment was applied on 11 Jun via a CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.0 gpa at 50 psi with a single TX-8 Spray Systems nozzle 18 inches over the row.Plots were 8 rows X 100 ft with 4 reps and arranged in a RCBD. The 5 treatments were evaluated for adult and immature thrips levels. Treatments were evaluated by randomly collecting 5 plants in each plot. The plots were not harvested due to excessive deer feeding. All data were subjected to ANOVA and DMRT.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides for Aphid Control on Cotton, 1997
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 26 Apr on 30-inch rows near Weldon in Northampton Co., NC. Recommended practices for fertility and weed management were followed. Disyston 15 G at the rate of 0.75 lb (AI)/acre was used at planting for thrips control. On 19 and 28 May, cotton was sprayed with a banded application of 0.25 (AI) Orthene 75 S for thrips control. The banded foliar aphid treatments were applied on 15 Jun via a CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.0 gpa at 50 psi with a single TX-8 Spray Systems nozzle 9 inches over the row. Plots were 6 rows X 20 ft with 4 reps and arranged in a RCBD. On 20 Jun, treatments were evaluated by randomly collecting 10 plants in each plot and counting the aphids. On 30 Jun, treatments were evaluated by randomly collecting 10 expanded terminal leaves in each plot and counting the number of aphids. Plots were harvested from the middle 2 rows with a 2-row John Deere picker on 22 Oct. Seed cot-ton yields were converted to lint cotton/acre using 40% gin turnout. All data were analyzed via ANOVA and DMRT.
Impact of Soil Saturation on the Performance of At-Planting Insecticides for Thrips Control, 1997
Authors: Cook D. R. , Burris E. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were replicated four times in a RCB design with a split-plot arrangement of treatments. Plots were 4 rows wide (40-inch spacing) X 45 ft. ‘Stoneville 474’ cotton seed were planted on a Sharkey clay soil on 5 May which were planted with a John Deere 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10 inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. The seeding rate was 4 seed/row ft. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with 8 inch belt-cone applications mounted to replace the standard granular applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2-charged spray system through 25015 nozzles (1/row) mounted in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and calibrated to deliver 5 gpa finished spray. Irrigation treatments consisted of no irrigation and the equivalent of 4 inches of rainfall 4 days after emergence, simulating excess rainfall and saturated soil conditions. Control of thrips was assessed by randomly selecting 5 plants per plot 7, 11, 15, 22, 25, 30, and 34 days after emergence (DAE). Plant samples were washed to remove insects. Major pest and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug. The two center rows per plot were mechanically harvested on 19 Oct using a John Deere spindle-type picker. Yields were converted to lb seedcotton/acre.
Evaluation of Temik 15G Rates for Thrips Control as Influenced by Winter Cover Crop, 1997
Authors: Cook D. R. , Burris E. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were replicated four times in a RCB design with split-plot arrangement of treatments. Plots were 4 rows wide (40 inch spacing) X 45 ft. Winter vegetation was destroyed by applying Roundup Ultra (3 pts form/acre) approximately 4 weeks prior to planting. ‘StoneviUe 474’ cotton seed was planted on a Sharkey clay soil on 5 May in a stale seedbed system. The mean soil temperature on 5 May was 76.3° F at a depth of 2 inches, with marginal to adequate soil moisture. Cotton seed were planted with a John Deere 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10-inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. The seeding rate was 4 seed/row ft. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with 8-inch belt-cone applicators mounted to replace the standard granular applicators. Control of thrips was measured by randomly selecting 5 plants per plot at 7, 11, 15, 18, 22, 25, 30, and 35 days after emergence (DAE). Plant samples were washed to remove insects. Major pest and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug. Percent open bolls was determined on 3 Sep. Samples of 25 bolls/plot were collected and ginned on a laboratory gin to determined lint percentage for each plot. The two center rows were mechanically harvested on 19 Sep and 2 Oct using a John Deere spindle-type picker. Yields were converted to lb lint/acre.
Evaluation of Thrips Densities in At-Planting Seed and Soil Treatments on a Gigger Silt Loam Soil, 1997
Authors: Cook D. R. , Burris E. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were replicated four times in a RCB design and were 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 45 ft. ‘Stoneville 474’ cotton seed was planted on a Gigger silt loam soil 7 May. Cotton seed was planted at a rate of 4 seed/row ft with John Deere 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10-inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with standard granular applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2-charged spray system through 80015 nozzles (l /row) mounted in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and calibrated to deliver 5 gpa finished spray. Control of thrips was assessed by randomly selecting 5 plants per plot at 7, 11, 16, 19, 23, 27, 31, and 35 days after emergence (DAE). Plant samples were washed to remove insects. Major pest and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug. Percent open bolls was determined on 4 Sep. Samples of 25 bolls/plot were collected and ginned on a laboratory gin to determine lint percentage for each plot. These data were then used to determine lint yield. The center two rows were mechanically harvested on 30 Sep and 20 Oct using a John Deere spindle-type picker. Yields were converted to lb lint/acre.
Toxicity of Mk-244 to Tobacco Budworms on Cotton, 1997
Authors: Gore J. , Adamczyk J. J. , Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 13 May at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station into a Gigger Gilbert silt loam. Plots consisted of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB and all treatments were replicated 5 times. Insecticides were applied on 14 Aug with a John Deere high-clearance sprayer and CO2-charged system calibrated to deliver 6 gpa through TX-8 hollow-cone nozzles (2/row) at 47 psi. The terminal leaf was removed from 5 randomly selected plants in each plot 2 h af-ter treatment, placed in a plastic bag and transported to the laboratory. Leaves were placed into individual plastic dishes and 3 1-d-old TBW larvae (LI stage) were transferred onto each leaf. Larval mortality was recorded 72 h after treatment. Larvae were considered dead if they did not respond to prod-ding. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT. No rainfall occurred during this test.
Evaluation of Selected In-Furrow and Foliar Applied Insecticides for Control of Thrips on Cotton, 1997
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Delta and Pine Land 51’ cotton was planted 1 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA using a 36-inch row spacing. In-furrow treatments (IF) were applied at the time of planting, granules using tractor-mounted inverted jars with lid holes calibrated to deliver exact amounts via gravity, liquids with a CO2-pressurized tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 5.0 gpa at 24 psi through one SS8001E flat-fan nozzle mounted just above the planter disks and turned parallel to row direction to deliver the spray fan into the seed furrow. Gaucho 480 seed treatment was applied commercially. Foliar materials were applied in a 12-to 14-inch band over the row with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 17.0 gpa at 22 psi through one 8004E flat-fan nozzle per row. A RCB design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. Thrips injury to plants was rated visually on a 0 to 5 scale: 0 = no thrips induced plant injury, 1 = 10% injured leaves, no bud injury; 2 = 25% injured leaves, no bud injury; 3 = 75% injured leaves, and 0 to 25% buds injured; 4 = 90% injured leaves, and greater than 25% buds injured; and 5 = dead plants. Flowers were counted on 23 and 30 Jul, and open bolls were counted on 15 and 22 Sep in the 2 center rows of each plot. Yield was determined by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot (80 row-ft per plot) using a commercial 2-row John Deere cotton combine. Lint values were calculated as 37% of total plot weights, assum-ing 63% was seed and trash. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD, or Duncan’s New Multiple Range statistical procedures.
Evaluation of Treated Seed and In-Furrow Insecticides for Control of Thrips on Cotton, 1997
Authors: Howell Michael S. , Reed Jack T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated at the North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Verona, MS in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plot size was 4 rows wide (38-inch row spacing) by 50 ft long. Liquid insecticides (Orthene 90 S, Admire 2 F, and Garlic Barrier L) were applied in-furrow at planting on 13 May using a CO2-powered plot applicator with a single 9001 VF flat-fan nozzles per row turned to direct the spray into the seed furrow and calibrated to apply 10 gpa at 2 mph. Temik 15 G was applied with a belt-cone granule applicator. Five plants/plot were collected at random by cutting plants at ground level with scissors and gently placing them into Ziploc bags for transport to the lab. Thrips were then washed off the samples onto filter paper for counting, and adults were identified to species under a dissection microscope. During the thrips evaluation, there was a total of 10.81 inches of rainfall, and adequate rainfall continued throughout the growing season. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot, and calculating yield based on measurement of the actual area picked. Yields are reported as lb of seed cotton per acre.
Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm Control with Selected Insecticides, 1997
Authors: Micinski S. , Scarborough R. G. , Forrester F. D. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A small-plot trial was conducted at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, to determine the efficacy of selected insecticides in controlling the bollworm/tobacco budworm (BW/TBW) complex on cotton. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Plots were planted 9 May and were 4 rows X 100 ft on 40-inch centers. All plots had Temik 15 G (0.5 lb [AI]/acre) applied in-furrow at planting. Prior to trial initiation, plots were oversprayed for cutworms on 6 Jun (Karate 1 EC at 0.025 lb [AI]/acre); boll weevils on 9, 13, 18 Jun and 3 Jul (Vydate C-LV at 0.25 lb [AI]/acre); BW/TBW on 27 Jun (Baythroid 2 EC at 0.03 lb |AI]/acre), and 11 Jul (Karate 1 EC at 0.03 lb [AI]/acre); and for aphids on 17 Jul (Provado 1.6°F at 0.047 lb [AI]/acre). Insecticide test materials were applied on 14, 21, 28 Jul, 5 and 14 Aug in 5.9 gal total spray solution/acre at 60 psi with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 20 inches apart (2 noz-zles/row). Treatments were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Infestations of BW/TBW larvae and square damage were monitored on 17, 24, 31 Jul, and 7 Aug by examining 25 squares/plot. Following the trial, all plots were oversprayed for BW/TBW on 22 Aug with Karate 1 EC plus Curacron 8 EC at 0.028 + 0.75 lb [AI]/acre. Boll weevil eradication sprays with weekly applications of ULV Malathion (12 oz product/acre) were begun the week of 18 Aug. Yields were determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot on 7 Oct.
Late-Season Tarnished Plant Bug Control, 1997
Authors: Teague T. G. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted 12 May on the Cotton Branch Experiment Station in Mar-ianna, AR in 8-row (38-inch centers) wide by 70-ft-long plots with 10 ft-alleys and separated by a 6.5-ft non-planted buffer. The treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. The insecticides were applied 18 Aug using an 8-row CO2-charged hi-boy sprayer calibrated to deliver 9.5 gpa at 30 psi with TJ-60 8002 VS nozzles on 19-inch spacing. The numbers of TPB per plot were estimated at 4 DAT using 24 sweeps with an 18-inch net.
Controlling Twospotted Spider Mites on Peanuts, 1997
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Royals B. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A field in Chowan County was selected to evaluate miticides for control of TSSM. Each plot was 10 ft by 2 rows (36-inch centers), arranged in RCBD with four replicates. Treatments were applied on 7 Jul. Treatments were applied by using a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 40 psi delivering approx. 30 gpa and using 8003 flat fan nozzles. Conditions at time of appli-cation were sunny and 90°F and plants were heavily infested and damaged. Mites were sampled on 7, 11, 14, and 22 Jul by collecting 25 leaves per plot. The samples were placed into brown paper bags and returned to the laboratory in coolers with ice where they were brushed with a standard mite brushing machine and counted under a dissecting microscope within 24 hours of collection. All data were transformed (square root of x + 0.05) prior to ANOVA and DNMRT.