bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Avatrombopag in Combination with Standard Immunosuppressive Therapy for Severe Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Li Jianping , Liang Weiru , Fan Huihui , Zhou Kang , Li Yuan , Yang Wenrui , Jing Liping , Zhang Li , Ye Lei , Xiong Youzhen , Peng Guangxin , Yang Yang , Yuan Weiping , Shi Jun , Zhang Fengkui , Zhao Xin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is a life-threatening bone marrow failure disease. The addition of eltrombopag to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) improves the response rate and response quality of SAAs, but its hepatotoxicity is concerning. Avatrombopag (AVA), another small-molecule thrombopoietin receptor agonist without hepatotoxicity, has unknown efficacy in SAA treatment.
Methods: This retrospective study compared clinical outcomes of 42 SAA patients treated with IST and AVA as first-line treatment (Group A) to a historical cohort of 84 patients who received IST alone (Group B) using propensity score matching (PSM).
Results: The median age was 31.5 (6.0-67.0) years old in Group A and 26 (16.0-45.0) years old in Group B. At 3 months, Group A showed higher complete response (CR) and overall response (OR) rates than Group B (CR: 19.0% vs. 4.8%, P = 0.024; OR: 54.8% vs. 39.3%, P=0.145). Higher CR and OR rates were also found at 6 months in Group A than in Group B (CR 31.0% vs. 14.3%, P=0.145; OR 71.4% vs. 51.2%, P=0.048). In multivariate analysis of Group A, a shorter interval from disease onset to ATG treatment (≤6 months) (P=0.005) predicted better responses rate at 6 months. Event free survival was also improved in Group A (60.7% vs. 49.6%). AVA was well-tolerated, with no hepatic injury observed during treatment, even in those with pre-existing hepatic impairment.
Conclusion: The addition of AVA to IST improves both the response rate and response quality in SAA patients while ensuring safety.
Central Pontine Myelinolysis in Anorexia Nervosa: Case Report of a Chinese Adolescent
Authors: Yin Gaohan , Zhou Tianhang , Kong Qingmei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a rare neurologic disorder characterized by symmetric demyelination in the central region of pons. Until recently its prognosis was considered poor if not fatal. CPM may manifest as a severe complication of eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa (AN), primarily due to a rapid correction of hyponatremia.
Case presentation:
In this report, we presented the case of a 13-year-old girl with a five-month history of AN who exhibited typical CPM brain lesions, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination without the context of severe electrolyte imbalances. Surprisingly, despite the patient's critical clinical manifestations in the initial stages, her prognoses of both AN and CPM were relatively optimistic.
Conclusions
We discussed these observations in the light of recent reports on CPM and AN comorbidity. Although the clinical implications of MRI-detected lesions remain uncertain, psychiatrists should be cautious about CPM when refeeding patients with AN. Further studies about the relationship between CPM and AN are imperative.
Preparation of Zr-MOF Catalyst and its application in synthesis of trimethylolethane
Authors: wang xin , Li Cong , Xie Yuheng , Li Jiangxin , Wang Yajuan , Zhang Juan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Twelve metal-organic skeleton (MOFs) polymers were catalyzed and screened. Zr-MOF-J was selected as the best catalyst and characterized. We use a variety of analytical techniques to thoroughly characterize the best performing catalysts including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunner−Emmet−Teller (BET) measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C-NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The characterization results unequivocally demonstrated that the synthesized catalyst was a porous polymer with exceptional heat stability. The catalytic performance of the catalyst was evaluated by synthesis of trimethylolethane from formaldehyde and propionaldehyde. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: the catalyst amount accounted for 20%（wt%） of propionicaldehydemass, the reaction temperature was maintained at 65 ℃, the reaction time was 2.5 h, the molar ratio of propionaldehyde to formaldehyde was 1:3. Under these optimal conditions, the conversion rate of propionaldehyde was up to 98.34% and the selectivity of trimethylolethane was 86.9%. Notably, the catalytic activity did not significantly diminish even after being reused five times.
Effect of radiotherapy target areas in the prognosis of esophageal cancer in the era of immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Jie , Bai Han , Zhao Dongmei , Hou Fei , Lu Fei , Xia Yaoxiong , Wang Li 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignancies. This study aimed to explore the influence of related factors such as immunotherapy, altitude level, radiotherapy target volume, and radiotherapy dose on the prognosis of patients with locally advanced and advanced esophageal cancer in the plateau region. We retrospectively collected data related to all patients with locally advanced and advanced esophageal cancer who completed definitive radiotherapy at Yunnan Cancer Hospital from January 2017 to January 2023. A total of 274 patients were included, with a median follow-up time of 54.8 months. The median OS and PFS were 15.0 months and 11.0 months, respectively. Immunotherapy significantly improved patient survival, especially for patients receiving immunotherapy after radiotherapy. Adjuvant therapy (including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, P = 0.004) and GTV (P = 0.015) were independent predictors of OS, while body mass index (BMI, P = 0.037) was independent predictors of PFS. Patients with smaller target areas of PTV, CTV, GTV, GTVnd, and NEW had a better prognosis. The prognosis of recent efficacy is better than that of ineffective. Patients with disease progression within 3 months after radiotherapy have a worse prognosis. The altitude of the residence and the radiotherapy dose had no noticeable effect on the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer. The lesion location, GTV, and simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) radiotherapy affected the occurrence of esophageal fistula.
BK Virus Nephropathy in a Native Kidney of a Lung Transplant Patient
Authors: Galloway Mercedes , Sousou John , Zeng Xu , Awad Alaa , Heilig Charles 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) in native kidneys following lung transplantation is an exceptionally rare occurrence. This case report highlights a unique instance where BKVN developed in a patient’s native kidney post-lung transplantation, emphasizing its rarity and the importance of considering BKVN in differential diagnoses for patients presenting with acute kidney injury (AKI) after such transplants.
Case Presentation: A patient who had undergone bilateral lung transplantation three years prior presented with worsening creatinine levels following an angiogram. The patient’s history included no exposure to toxic medications, contrast, or other known triggers for kidney disease. The worsening renal function was initially investigated through an angiogram, which was followed by the onset of hematuria and a progressive rise in creatinine levels. To determine the cause of the acute kidney injury, a kidney biopsy was performed. The biopsy of the left kidney revealed polyoma nephropathy. Confirmatory tests, including positive staining for Simian virus 40 (SV40), confirmed the diagnosis of BK virus nephropathy in the patient’s native kidney.
Conclusion: The occurrence of BK virus nephropathy in the native kidney following lung transplantation is a rare phenomenon. This case underscores the necessity of considering BK virus nephropathy in the differential diagnosis of acute kidney injury in patients with a history of lung transplantation. Early recognition and diagnosis are crucial for appropriate management and potential modification of immunosuppressive therapy to prevent further kidney damage.
Second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic not as deadly as speculated: Results from a large retrospective multicentric study of 26,405 patients in Mumbai, India
Authors: Ingawale Sushrut , Sonawale Archana , Rao Shirish , Sonawale Kshitij , Bhondve Amit , Andrade Neelam , Tagore Mohana , Karpe Sonal , Prasad Pooja , Yadav Sushant 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This retrospective multicenter study compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients across two waves at select public hospitals in Mumbai. A total of 26,405 laboratory-confirmed cases were included, excluding patients transferred to other centers. Data analysis involved chi-square tests and multivariate binomial logistic regression. Both waves showed a male preponderance (64% in wave 1, 63% in wave 2, p=0.131) and a majority of patients over 35 years (77% in wave 1, 76% in wave 2, p=0.273). Despite a higher oxygen requirement in wave 2 (23% vs. 36%, p=0.001), the fatality rate was lower (13% vs. 9%, p=0.001). Symptom burden and comorbidities were significantly lower in wave 2. Kidney involvement (p=0.001) was the strongest predictor of oxygen requirement and death in wave 1, whereas age over 55 (p=0.001) was the most consistent predictor across both waves. Hypertension and/or diabetes (p=0.001) were associated with increased oxygen requirement but not death in both waves. In conclusion, while the age and gender distribution remained similar across both waves, wave 2 had a lower fatality rate and comorbidity burden despite a higher oxygen demand. The lower fatality rate in wave 2 stands out as a striking result in this large population study, contrary to earlier speculations. Age over 55 was a consistent predictor of both oxygen requirement and mortality, while hypertension and diabetes were only predictors of oxygen need.
Guiding treatment and clinical management of patients with CNS lymphomas by minimal-invasive detection of circulating tumor DNA in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Scherer Florian , Weinschenk Samuel , Philipp Ulrike , Kuehn Julia , Mueller Katharina , Fauser Josia , Boeckle David , Gebhard Inga , Hinz Marta , Neidert Nicolas , Bleul Sabine , Lauer Eliza , Mutter Jurik , Alig Stefan , Kurtz David , Finke Jürgen , Marks Reinhard , Diehn Maximilian , Alizadeh Ash , Reinacher Peter , Wehrle Julius , Keller Ulrich , Wolf Dominik , Kocher Florian , Chapuy Bjoern , Beck Jürgen , Prinz Marco , von Baumgarten Louisa , Schorb Elisabeth , Duyster Justus 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Various clinical scenarios preclude or delay invasive stereotactic biopsies and subsequent histopathological assessment for the diagnosis of central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL), necessitating innovative minimal-invasive strategies. We designed a digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) assay for minimal-invasive identification of CNSL in clinical practice by detecting MYD88 L265P mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). After assay approval by the national accreditation authority, this laboratory-developed test (LDT) was first independently validated in a cohort of 128 patients with confirmed malignant or inflammatory/infectious brain diseases, revealing a sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 100% for correct CNSL diagnosis. Following implementation in a clinical laboratory environment, the LDT was applied to 205 CSF samples from 182 independent patients, reporting results to treating physicians with a median turnaround time of 5 days. The MYD88 L265P mutation was detected in 33% of CSF specimens, obviating the need for invasive surgical biopsies in 37% of patients and guiding lymphoma-specific treatment in 48% of evaluable cases. 94% of patients undergoing CNS-directed treatment based on CSF-ctDNA profiling objectively responded to therapies. Collectively, our results demonstrate that minimal-invasive identification of CNSL by ctDNA genotyping in CSF can effectively guide clinical management and has practice-changing impact for a substantial subset of patients with unknown CNS lesions.
Nitrogen removal affect lipid production and expression levels of accD gene through cultivation of Chlorella in synthetic wastewater
Authors: Abbasiniasar Mahdi , Abdollahi Parisa , Shayegan Jalal , Weisany Weria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Microalgae are considered to be a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. The study resulted in developing an integrated lipid enhancement strategy by culturing C-hlorella vulgaris in wastewater containing nitrogen and phosphorus. An ideal experimental design was carried out based on central composite design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM). This RSM was used to calculate the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, and their interaction with nitrogen removal and accD gene expression corresponding to lipid synthetize. ACCase with four subunits is the key enzyme for fatty acid synthesis which expression of the beta subunit (accD) synthesized in the chloroplast is decisive to the levels of heteromeric ACCase. Under this experimental design there were 13 different runs with various concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the nitrogen removal and gene expression model proved to be of very good fit with a very low probability value (< 0.0001). Optimum nitrogen removal (50.5%) and accD gene expression (8.5-fold) occurred at low nitrogen concentration (100 mg/L) and maximum phosphorus concentration (100 mg/L).
Narrow gap welding of titanium alloy samples with variable thickness and controlled magnetic field
Authors: Akhonin S. , Bilous V. , Selin R. , Zhang Y. , Qin B. , Wang H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Currently, narrow gap welding is considered the most effective method of arc welding of various metals of medium and large thickness. The main advantages of narrow gap welding are a significant reduction in the required amount of deposited metal (compared to cutting edges of a conventional shape) and, consequently, the consumption of filler wire, a reduction in the width of the weld and HAZ, as well as welding deformations. Reducing the amount of weld metal required to form a welded joint is especially important when welding titanium. To prevent lack of fusion, redistribution of arc heat is necessary. The use of the controlled magnetic field during narrow gap TIG welding allows to control the movement of the welding arc in narrow gap welding conditions. In this work, narrow gap welding will be carried out on the samples with variable thickness in the range of 45…60 mm. The work demonstrates, how the different thickness at the start and at the finish of welded detail impacts welding modes and heat source parameters. Results of investigations of the macrostructure of the welded joints are given.
Reference-less decomposition of highly multimode fibers using a physics-driven neural network
Authors: Zhang Qian , Sui Yuan , Rothe Stefan , Koukourakis Nektarios , Czarske Juergen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Multimode fibers (MMFs) play an increasing role in the optical communication field, as well as in ultra-thin imaging systems and fiber lasers. The characterization of light propagation properties through active and passive MMFs attracts high interest as many linear and nonlinear optical phenomena fundamentally depend on the interplay of many different spatial modes. Access to the exact modal amplitude and phase weights, namely mode decomposition (MD), helps to describe the present state and brings a better understanding of physical effects, driving further technological advancements on MMF-based telecommunication, endoscopy, or amplifiers.
Here we show that using an untrained neural network, which assumes a simple physical model as a prior, we achieve MD with more than 98 % accuracy with up to 5,796 spatial modes. For the first time, we demonstrate that a deep learning-based MD method can work on a 1-km-long MMF for communication. We present our network framework and results using synthetic data and experimental data measured on passive MMFs as well as on an MMF amplifier. This method holds great promise for applications in fiber lasers, endoscopic metrology, and reference-free calibration techniques in fiber-based classical communication and single-photon quantum key distribution.
The use of semantic information in point-of-interest geospatial data to forecast and generate high precision maps of tourism carbon emissions
Authors: Li Ying , Hao Shizhuan , Zou Tongqian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The issue of carbon emissions from tourism is a matter of urgent concern. The traditional methods of measuring carbon emissions from tourism, mainly bottom-up and top-down methods, have major limitations, and are poorly backward compatible and analyzable. POI (Point-of-interest) data with fine-grained categorization offers the possibility of downscaling tourism carbon emissions. In this paper, a 2km×2km map of tourism carbon emissions is generated using six types of tourism-related POI data, and the characteristics of the distribution of tourism carbon emissions in Chinese provinces and cities are discussed from the perspective of spatial distribution. This study confirms the feasibility of POI data in measuring tourism carbon emissions, characterizes the distribution of tourism carbon emissions in China and analyzes the distribution patterns of tourism carbon emissions within different cities, and identifies the contributing sources of tourism carbon emissions, which are all helpful for monitoring tourism carbon emissions and policy formulation. A variety of spatial analysis tools are used to support the conclusions of the study.
Phenology of Bobgunnia madagascariensis (DESV.) J. H. Kirkbr. &amp; Wiersema and Euphorbia sepium N.E. Br. in relation to climatic factors in the Sudano-Guinean zone of Benin
Authors: Imorou Lucien , Dossavi Dayou Ephreme , Kakpo Lucrain , Bello Daouda O. , Adoukonou-Sagbadja Hubert , Ahanchédé Adam , Ahoton Léonard Essèhou 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Bobgunnia madagascariensis and Euphorbia sepium are two galactogenic species used for livestock farming in Benin. However, there is a few studies on these two species, especially about their characterization and phenology. Knowing plant phenology provides a useful understanding of their autoecology and contributes to conservation and management strategies. The study aimed to describe in relation to climatic factors the different phenological stages of B. madagascariensis and E. sepium in the Sudano-Guinean zone of Benin. Trees spaced at least 13 m apart were chosen randomly and ten individuals of each species were identified and monitored. The observations were made on the phenological stages of both species and were carried out every 10 days during two years in the municipality of Nikki located in Sudano-Guinean zone of Benin. The results shown a single phenological stage (leafing) on E. sepium, characterized by alternating leaf emergence from March to October and leaf fall between November and February. However, three phenological stages were observed (leafing, flowering and fruiting) on B. madagascariensis. Leafing occurred from March to November, flowering from May to August and fruiting from July to February. Peak flowering and fruiting were observed in May-June and August-September, respectively. Leafing of both species was positively and significantly correlated with rainfall. Minimum temperature was positively and significantly correlated (r = 0.61) with flowering on B. madagascariensis. However, fruiting in the same species was negatively correlated (r = -0.89) with maximum temperature. This study provides important information for a better valorization and in situ conservation of the two species in Benin.
Predicting earthquake-induced wavefield and stress dynamics in high-alpine mountains using full waveform modeling
Authors: Limberger Fabian , Rümpker Georg , Kruse Jan Philipp , Duretz Thibault 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study investigates earthquake-induced wave dynamics at mountain summits, particularly at the Matterhorn (Switzerland) and Tre Cime di Lavaredo (Italy). Full wavefield modeling is utilized to simulate the induced resonant oscillations and amplification of seismic signals at the summits compared to adjacent valleys. The simulated amplification (up to 10 times) in the summit depends on the characteristics of motion direction, topography, and presence of permafrost. Major resonance modes are identified at Matterhorn at frequencies of 0.4 Hz and 1.4 Hz. Higher resonance frequencies above 2 Hz are obtained at the smaller rock formation Tre Cime di Lavaredo, indicating mountain-specific resonances. We demonstrate that the presence of a permafrost body inside the mountain tends to mitigate seismic amplification by up to 30%. However, this effect is dependent on the amount of permafrost and the wavelength of the seismic waves. Locations of potential slope instabilities on the mountain’s surface are identified based on the dynamic stress changes during the simulated earthquake. We find that locations of stress amplification are mainly at the mountain flanks and are influenced by azimuthal characteristics of the incoming wave. The approach and findings presented in our study have the potential to improve hazard assessments for earthquake-induced slope instabilities at mountains.
Effect of separation characteristics on cutting force and surface quality in ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Ling Zhiwen , Wang Dazhong , Wu Shujing , Pan Zili , Zhang Pengli , Yao Guangyong , Takao Akiyama 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace, automotive, and medical industries due to their excellent material properties such as high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and good biocompatibility. In this study, a series of ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting (UEVC) simulations were carried out based on the experimentally verified finite element model, and different cutting speed ratios k were formed by changing the parameters such as frequency and cutting speed, so as to explore the influence of UEVC separation characteristics under different k on the cutting force and surface morphology of Ti-6Al-4V during the cutting process. The results show that compared with CM, the average cutting force of UEVC is reduced by 66% and 5% at k = 0.2 and k = 1.4, respectively, and the average cutting force reduction effect of UEVC decreases with the increase of k. At k < 0.8, the reduction rate of UEVC cutting force is almost the same as that of the workpiece, and the complete separation of the tool from the workpiece is the main factor for the reduction of the average cutting force. At k > 0.8, the separation of the tool from the workpiece basically disappears, and the reduction effect of UEVC cutting force is reduced from 28–5%. The reduction in cutting forces is mainly due to the fact that the UEVC still has separation characteristics in the direction of the depth of cut. The surface quality of UEVC processing will deteriorate with the increase of k at k < 1, and the surface quality of UEVC processing will no longer be affected by k at k ≥ 1. Under the condition that k remains constant, the average surface roughness Ra increases with the increase of both f, regardless of whether it is by changing f or by changing the amplitude, and the increasing trend is almost the same. The main difference is that by changing f, the compressive stress of the cutting surface will decrease as f increases; By varying the amplitude, the compressive stress on the cutting surface increases as the amplitude increases.