bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A socio-economic assessment of an emerging technology in the mining industry
Authors: Cecere Giuseppe , Hassan Ruhul , Eltohamy Hazem , Rigamonti Lucia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This article provides methodological insights to evaluate the socio-economic risk of an emerging froth flotation technology for the mining sector with the goal of guiding the design and development process. This technology is used to separate valuable particles based on surface properties among minerals and, if properly developed, could be used to valorize fine particles that currently existing technology cannot separate and thus become waste material.

Methods
The Social Hotspot assessment utilized the Product Social Impact Life Cycle Assessment (PSILCA) database to analyze social hotspots in the relevant industrial sector. In addition, a survey captured the viewpoints of technology developers regarding additional potential social risk and opportunities. The final results were defined by combining these two analyses, conducted according to the 2020 UNEP guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products and Organizations. For the economic assessment, the Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) methodology (ISO14051) was applied, considering material costs, system costs, energy costs, and waste management costs for both the current situation and a future industrial-scale scenario.

Results and discussion
The study emphasizes the importance of tailoring methodological approaches for case studies involving low Technology Readiness Level (TRL) technologies based on available data. The state of technology development has led to different results for the economic and social analyses, primarily due to the difficulty in accurately predicting potential social impacts at this stage. The social analysis identified potential risks and 28 subcategories of impacts across different stakeholder categories. The economic assessment found that energy costs (49%) were the highest contributor to the MFCA cost of the future scenario, followed by system costs (29%).

Conclusions and recommendations
The study concludes that conducting a socio-economic analysis during the developmental stage of a technology is valuable for identifying critical hotspots that require monitoring, effectively guiding the research and development phase. This application represents a unique case in the mining sector and could be a first step in defining a methodological approach suitable for low TRL technologies. Analyzing both social and economic risks provides a more comprehensive perspective on sustainability, complementing environmental risk assessments.
Challenging the Public Stigma of Alcohol Use Disorder in the UK Using Video ‘Education’ and ‘Contact’ Interventions: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hytner Sophie , Josselin Daphne , Belin David , Jones Owen Bowden 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPublic stigma negatively impacts people with alcohol use disorder; yet, few interventions exist to reduce it. This quasi-randomised controlled pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of three such interventions. Participants (539 UK-based adults) watched a video presenting myths and facts about AUD (‘education’), personal testimonies about AUD (‘contact’), a combination of both (‘education and contact’) or a control video. Feasibility was assessed by examining recruitment capability, study retention and data quality, and participant satisfaction with the study’s procedures and interventions. Efficacy was assessed using self-report, public stigma measures issued at pre-test, post-test and 1-month follow-up. Stigma reduced significantly more in the intervention groups than in the control group at post-test and follow-up. Feasibility was generally high, though could be improved by shortening video length and enhancing video production quality. Education and contact videos are promising interventions for public AUD stigma, and merit further investigation.
Durch Social Media bedingte körperdysmorphe Störung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – primärpräventive Maßnahmen durch Pflegefachpersonen
Authors: Ertl Corinna , Fraunhofer Andreas 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Vermutet wird ein Zusammenhang zwischen der vermehrten Nutzung von Social-Media-Plattformen und deren Schönheitsfiltern und der steigenden Anzahl der chirurgischen Eingriffe sowie der Anzahl an Personen, die an körperdysmorphen Störungen (KDS) leiden. Oft bricht die Krankheit bereits im Kindes- und Jugendalter aus. Viele leiden im Stillen, weshalb die Dunkelziffer wahrscheinlich deutlich höher ist als vermutet.

Ziel
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, verschiedene primärpräventive Maßnahmen durch bzw. mit Pflegekräften zu ermitteln. Zudem sollen Settings gefunden werden, durch welche möglichst viele Kinder und Jugendliche gleichzeitig erreicht werden. Hierzu wird eine Übersicht über den aktuellen Stand der Forschung gegeben.

Methode
Zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche durchgeführt, welche durch die Freihandsuche ergänzt wurde. Für die systematische Literaturrecherche wurden die Datenbanken CINHAL und PubMed verwendet. Hier wurde deutsch- und englischsprachige Literatur ab 2010 bis 2023 gesichtet. Die Freihandsuche fand mithilfe von Google Scholar statt. Letztendlich konnten nach der kritischen Beurteilung der Studien 5 davon in diese Arbeit aufgenommen werden.

Ergebnisse
Für KDS wurden keine Ergebnisse zu primärpräventiven Maßnahmen gefunden. Aus diesem Grund fand eine Suche für Essstörungen statt. Es wurden einige Programme identifiziert, welche erfolgreich im Bereich der Essstörungen waren und es wurde versucht, diese auf KDS zu übertragen.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Übertragung der Ergebnisse von Essstörungen auf KDS kann hier nur theoretisch dargestellt werden. Aus den fehlenden Studien zur Primärprävention bei KDS kann gefolgert werden, dass ein hoher Forschungsbedarf in diesem Bereich besteht.
Das Projekt „Gesundheitschamps – wir wissen um unsere Gesundheit Bescheid“
Authors: Rathmann Katharina , Sendatzki Saskia , Landwehr Carina 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bereits im Kindes- und Jugendalter zeigen sich soziale Ungleichheiten in der Gesundheit(skompetenz). Programme zur Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit besonderen Bedarfen (bspw. Förderbedarfen) liegen bislang nur selten vor. Vor diesem Hintergrund entstand das Projekt „Gesundheitschamps – wir wissen um unsere Gesundheit Bescheid“.

Zielsetzung
Der vorliegende Beitrag ist eine Übersichtarbeit. Dabei geht es 1. um eine Übersicht zu Programmen im Bereich der Gesundheitskompetenzförderung bei Schüler*innen mit besonderen Bedarfen, 2. um das Studien- und Evaluationsdesign der Intervention „Gesundheitschamps“ und 3. um Anforderungen an die Intervention „Gesundheitschamps“ zur Förderung der Gesundheit(skompetenz) unter Berücksichtigung zielgruppenadäquater Methoden und Umsetzungsmodi.

Methodik
Für die Erstellung einer Übersicht über den Forschungsstand wurde eine Literaturrecherche in ausgewählten Datenbanken und Projektregistern durchgeführt (Ziel 1). Mithilfe einer Längsschnittstudie im Mixed-methods-Design (Laufzeit 2023–2026) wird die Intervention „Gesundheitschamps“ zur Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz von Schüler*innen der Sekundarstufe I mit Förderschwerpunkt Lernen und Geistige Entwicklung unter Berücksichtigung eines hohen Grads an Partizipation entwickelt und erprobt (Ziel 2). Zur Beschreibung der Anforderungen an Interventionen zur Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz bei Schüler*innen mit besonderen Bedarfen werden erste Ergebnisse vergleichbarer Forschungsarbeiten herangezogen und durch einen Überblick über partizipative Methoden für Kinder und Jugendliche ergänzt (Ziel 3).

Ergebnisse
Aus der Literaturrecherche geht ein deutlicher Mangel an für die Zielgruppe geeigneten Programmen zur Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz unter Berücksichtigung von Partizipation und Peer-to-peer-Ansatz hervor. Die Intervention „Gesundheitschamps“ leistet einen Beitrag zur Stärkung der Wissens- und Handlungskompetenz von Schüler*innen mit besonderen Bedarfen in zentralen Handlungsfeldern des Leitfadens Prävention (u. a. [psychische] Gesundheit[skompetenz], Ernährung und Bewegung, Substanzkonsum). Die Bedarfe der Zielgruppe machen besondere didaktische, methodische und sprachliche Anforderungen für die Gestaltung der Intervention erforderlich.
Preoperative evaluation of the segmental artery of left upper lobe by thin-section CT and 3d-CTA
Authors: Murota Makiko , Norikane Takashi , Ishimura Mariko , Yamamoto Yuka , Mitamura Katsuya , Takami Yasukage , Manabe Yuri , Satoh Katashi , Yokota Naoya , Nishiyama Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Understanding pulmonary artery (PA) branches and their variations is crucial for successful lung resection. We aimed to evaluate the segmental PA branching pattern of the left upper lobe (LUL) using thin-section computed tomography (TSCT) images and 3D-CT angiography (3D-CTA).

Materials and methods
This study included 108 patients who underwent CTA and left upper lobectomy. The segmental PA branching pattern of the LUL was meticulously identified by two thoracic radiologists using 3D-CTA and TSCT images. The lingular artery branches from the left PA (LPA) were classified into mediastinal type (pars mediastinalis: PM), interlobar type (pars interlobaris: PI), and PI originating from the lower portion (PI’), specifically from A8. The intraoperative findings of the PA branches of the LUL were compared with the preoperatively obtained 3D-CTA and TSCT images in each patient’s case.

Results
The median (range) number of LPA branches of the LUL was 4.36 (3–8). The most common number of A1 + 2 branches was two, seen in 34 cases (31.5%). One or more branches of A1 + 2c directly originating from the LPA were found in 63 cases (58.3%). The number of branches of A3 was single in 85 cases and the most frequent (78.7%). Instances where one or more branches of A3a directly originated from the LPA were found in seven cases (6.5%). A1 + 2 and A3 origins were separate and independent in 40 cases (37.0%). As the branching pattern of the lingular artery, PI/PI’ was most frequent (61.1%). PI´ was observed in 26 cases (24.1%). Inter-observer agreement for A1 + 2, A1 + 2c, A3, A3a, and lingular artery branching patterns was moderate to substantial (κ = 0.53–0.72). Preoperative 3D-CTA and TSCT images identified 99.8% of LPA branches compared to intraoperative findings, except one.

Conclusion
The segmental PA branching pattern of the LUL can be evaluated using TSCT and 3D-CTA images, providing precise preoperative information.
Key attributes for effective knowledge brokering at the interface of environmental science and management
Authors: Karcher Denis B. , Cvitanovic Christopher , Colvin R. M. , van Putten Ingrid , Pozza Ramona Dalla , Posner Stephen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Spanning the boundaries between research and decision-making is critical for supporting environmental management. One way to do so is through knowledge brokers who, among other things, work to build social networks among decision-makers and researchers, facilitating their interaction and exchange of knowledge. While knowledge brokering has received increasing attention in the literature, critical gaps in our knowledge limit their effective recruitment and implementation, which demands for a better understanding of the personal attributes needed for their success. Such an understanding is also necessary to support the evaluation of knowledge brokering activities. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the question ‘what are the most important attributes for being a knowledge broker at the interface of environmental research and management’, and how is knowledge brokering evaluated. We do so through the study of Australia’s National Environmental Science Program (NESP) which employs a range of professional knowledge brokers, 14 of whom participated in this study. Specifically, we performed a quantitative ranking exercise (Q-methodology) and an online survey. Results show that the most important attributes to knowledge brokering were interpersonal social competencies of a unifying nature. As such, Being good at seeing opportunities for collaboration, Being able to tailor communication to different audiences, and Being able to ask questions were the most highly ranked attributes. In the dimension of evaluation, survey results show that NESP knowledge brokers are mainly evaluated through metrics relating to immediate delivery and engagement (mostly quantitative measures) and medium-term impact on end-users (qualitative measures). However, participants envisioned better options to capture the impact/value of knowledge brokering by evaluating long-term impacts and efforts throughout the full brokering process to better capture value addition in line with their goals, strategies, and required attributes. The new knowledge generated through our findings offers an applied contribution to the practice of knowledge brokering, suggesting that knowledge brokering is a distinct and complex career whereby different knowledge brokers with complementary skill sets appear relevant to perform all tasks along a knowledge brokering timeline. As such, our results also emphasize the need for bespoke approaches to evaluation that are tailored towards the diverse goals, strategies, and personal contributions of knowledge brokers to support their career progression and maximise outcomes.
The Rapidly Evolving Landscape of DCD Heart Transplantation
Authors: Joshi Yashutosh , Wang Katherine , MacLean Campbell , Villanueva Jeanette , Gao Ling , Watson Alasdair , Iyer Arjun , Connellan Mark , Granger Emily , Jansz Paul , Macdonald Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To summarise current international clinical outcomes from donation after circulatory death heart transplantation (DCD-HT); discuss procurement strategies, their impact on outcomes and overall organ procurement; and identify novel approaches and future areas for research in DCD-HT.

Recent Findings
Globally, DCD-HT survival outcomes (regardless of procurement strategy) are comparable to heart transplantation from brain dead donors (BDD). Experience with normothermic machine perfusion sees improvement in rates of primary graft dysfunction. Techniques have evolved to reduce cold ischaemic exposure to directly procured DCD hearts, though controlled periods of cold ischaemia can likely be tolerated. There is interest in hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) for directly procured DCD hearts, with promising early results.

Summary
Survival outcomes are firmly established to be equivalent between BDD and DCD-HT. Procurement strategy (direct procurement vs. regional perfusion) remains a source of debate. Methods to improve allograft warm ischaemic tolerance are of interest and will be key to the uptake of HMP for directly procured DCD hearts.
Are Personality Traits Predictors of Police Misconduct?
Authors: Lynch Sierra N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSeveral forms of police misconduct exist, including the inappropriate use of a weapon, sexual misconduct, and racially offensive behaviors, and deserve more attention in the literature. More recent literature suggests that there may be personality predictors of misconduct. Specifically, aggression, having unstable relationships, a lack of empathy, thrill-seeking behavior, and poor impulse control, may contribute to officer misconduct. The current study examined a group of 642 first-year police officers through a series of mostly logistic regression analyses to determine if antisocial or borderline personality traits predict inappropriate use of a weapon, sexual misconduct, and racially offensive behavior using scales from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Second Edition (MMPI-2; the antisocial practices and the psychopathic deviance scales) and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; the borderline and antisocial scales). Most of the hypotheses were not supported by the findings. Participants who had more antisocial traits, as assessed by MMPI-2, were less likely to be accused of racially offensive behavior. Officers who had more borderline characteristics, as assessed by the MMPI-2, were less likely to be accused of engagement in any misconduct, specifically sexual misconduct. However, participants who had more borderline traits, as assessed by the PAI, were more likely to engage in sexual misconduct, but less likely to engage in any misconduct overall. Demographic covariates also were found to be related to all three forms of misconduct.
Reconstructing AI Ethics Principles: Rawlsian Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Westerstrand Salla 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe popularisation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies has sparked discussion about their ethical implications. This development has forced governmental organisations, NGOs, and private companies to react and draft ethics guidelines for future development of ethical AI systems. Whereas many ethics guidelines address values familiar to ethicists, they seem to lack in ethical justifications. Furthermore, most tend to neglect the impact of AI on democracy, governance, and public deliberation. Existing research suggest, however, that AI can threaten key elements of western democracies that are ethically relevant. In this paper, Rawls’s theory of justice is applied to draft a set of guidelines for organisations and policy-makers to guide AI development towards a more ethical direction. The goal is to contribute to the broadening of the discussion on AI ethics by exploring the possibility of constructing AI ethics guidelines that are philosophically justified and take a broader perspective of societal justice. The paper discusses how Rawls’s theory of justice as fairness and its key concepts relate to the ongoing developments in AI ethics and gives a proposition of how principles that offer a foundation for operationalising AI ethics in practice could look like if aligned with Rawls’s theory of justice as fairness.
Effect of Electrode Distance and Size on Electrocorticographic Recordings in Human Sensorimotor Cortex
Authors: Geukes Simon H. , Branco Mariana P. , Aarnoutse Erik J. , Bekius Annike , Berezutskaya Julia , Ramsey Nick F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSubdural electrocorticography (ECoG) is a valuable technique for neuroscientific research and for emerging neurotechnological clinical applications. As ECoG grids accommodate increasing numbers of electrodes and higher densities with new manufacturing methods, the question arises at what point the benefit of higher density ECoG is outweighed by spatial oversampling. To clarify the optimal spacing between ECoG electrodes, in the current study we evaluate how ECoG grid density relates to the amount of non-shared neurophysiological information between electrode pairs, focusing on the sensorimotor cortex. We simultaneously recorded high-density (HD, 3 mm pitch) and ultra-high-density (UHD, 0.9 mm pitch) ECoG, obtained intraoperatively from six participants. We developed a new metric, the normalized differential root mean square (ndRMS), to quantify the information that is not shared between electrode pairs. The ndRMS increases with inter-electrode center-to-center distance up to 15 mm, after which it plateaus. We observed differences in ndRMS between frequency bands, which we interpret in terms of oscillations in frequencies below 32 Hz with phase differences between pairs, versus (un)correlated signal fluctuations in the frequency range above 64 Hz. The finding that UHD recordings yield significantly higher ndRMS than HD recordings is attributed to the amount of tissue sampled by each electrode. These results suggest that ECoG densities with submillimeter electrode distances are likely justified.
Moral reasoning in a digital age: blaming artificial intelligence for incorrect high-risk decisions
Authors: Leichtmann Benedikt , Hinterreiter Andreas , Humer Christina , Ventura Alfio , Streit Marc , Mara Martina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe increasing involvement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in moral decision situations raises the possibility of users attributing blame to AI-based systems for negative outcomes. In two experimental studies with a total of $$N = 911$$ participants, we explored the attribution of blame and underlying moral reasoning. Participants had to classify mushrooms in pictures as edible or poisonous with support of an AI-based app. Afterwards, participants read a fictitious scenario in which a misclassification due to an erroneous AI recommendation led to the poisoning of a person. In the first study, increased system transparency through explainable AI techniques reduced blaming of AI. A follow-up study showed that attribution of blame to each actor in the scenario depends on their perceived obligation and capacity to prevent such an event. Thus, blaming AI is indirectly associated with mind attribution and blaming oneself is associated with the capability to recognize a wrong classification. We discuss implications for future research on moral cognition in the context of human–AI interaction.
Severe heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty in male patients under 70 years of age: effectiveness of prophylactic protocol
Authors: Aprato Alessandro , Cambursano Simone , Artiaco Stefano , Fusini Federico , Bevilacqua Simone , Catalani Paolo , Massè Alessandro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aims to evaluate the incidence of clinically significant heterotopic ossification (HO) in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), comparing outcomes with and without the adoption of an HO prophylactic protocol in male patients under 70 years of age.

Methods
The prophylactic protocol involved the administration of 50 mg of Indomethacin twice daily for 3 weeks. HO presence was classified according to the Brooker classification system, considering “severe” clinically significant HO (Brooker grade 3 and 4).

Results
Two hundred and seventy-nine patients were included in our study, and an overall HO rate of 68.2% versus a rate of 61.5% was found respectively in patients not subjected and subjected to prophylactic protocol, without significant difference (PR 0.062). However, patients not subjected to the HO prophylactic protocol exhibited a severe HO rate of 22.4% compared to 7.7% in the prophylactic group, with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.008).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that prophylactic protocol adoption is significantly associated with lower rate of severe HO in male patients under 70 years of age. Currently, there are no orthopedic guidelines for the prevention and management of HO after THA, but in the absence of contraindications, the adoption of a prophylactic protocol for HO should always be considered in high-risk patients.