bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Squats and Lunges Safe in the Rehabilitation of Patients with Patellofemoral Pain?
Authors: Wood David , Metcalfe Andrew , Dodge Jen , Templeton-Ward Oliver 
Published: March 2016

Objectives: Patello-femoral pain is a common presenting complaint in orthopaedic clinics, and initial management often involves exercise and quadriceps strengthening regimes. Squats and lunges have become a common part of physiotherapy regimes as well as many exercise programs. It has been our observation that some patients experience a deterioration in pain after starting squats and lunges, and there is no agreement about the safe use of these exercises. The aim of this paper is to review the clinical and biomechanical literature to assess the safety of squats and lunges of patients with patella-femoral or anterior knee pain. Methods: Systematic Review. A literature review was performed of the Pubmed and PEDro databases using a pre-defined search strategy. Titles were screened by both an orthopaedic surgeon and a physiotherapist, abstracts were reviewed and the final papers were selected for inclusion. Randomised trials or comparative cohort studies of exercise regimes were included from the clinical literature as well as systematic reviews or meta-analyses published in the last 5 years. Patello-femoral forces calculated either from in-vivo data or cadaveric simulations were included from the biomechanical literature. Results: The searches revealed 3237 titles, which were reduced to 27 papers for the literature review. The biomechanical literature clearly demonstrated increasing patello-femoral forces during squats with increasing flexion, peaking at 90° of flexion and then falling in deep flexion. Less data was available on lunges but findings were comparable to studies of squats. Forces in the PFJ experienced during squats and lunges are significantly greater than with open-chain exercises beyond 60° of knee flexion. There were 13 clinical studies and 8 systematic reviews identified, which demonstrated that exercise is an effective treatment for PF pain with no significant difference between closed or open chain exercises (one study only). However only one study included squats beyond 60° or lunges in their protocols, with the majority excluding these exercises or limiting the degree of knee flexion, and no study has examined the use of squats and lunges specifically. Conclusion: Whilst squats and lunges are commonly prescribed, they have been used relatively little in clinical trials and have not been investigated independently. The biomechanical literature demonstrates that forces are relatively low when knee flexion is limited, but that flexion up to 90° places the PFJ under significant load. Given the vulnerable patient population in which they are used, the use of squats and lunges up to 90° should be discouraged in orthopaedic rehabilitation.
Biomechanical Analysis of Simulated Clinical Testing and Reconstruction of the Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee
Authors: Spencer Luke , Burkhart Timothy A. , Tran Michael N. , Rezansoff Alex James , Deo Shaneel , Caterine Scott , Getgood Alan M 
Published: March 2016

Background: Anatomic anterolateral ligament (ALL) reconstruction has been proposed to assist anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in controlling anterolateral rotational laxity of the knee. However, the biomechanical effects have not been reported. Purpose: (1) To investigate the effect of ALL transection on rotational knee kinematics and (2) to determine the effect on knee biomechanics of ALL reconstruction procedures compared with lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 12 cadaveric knee specimens were tested in the following sequence: (1) ACLintact, (2) anteromedial bundle of ACL sectioned (ACLamb), (3) complete ACL sectioned (ACLfull), (4) ALL sectioned (ALLsec), (5) anatomic ALL reconstruction (ALLanat), and (6) LET. Biomechanical anterior drawer and Lachman tests were performed in which a 90-N load was applied to the posterior tibia, and anterior translation was measured. A combined load to simulate the early phase of the pivot-shift test was executed in which a 5-N·m internal rotation moment was applied to a fully extended knee; anterior translation and internal rotation were measured. Results: Anterior translation increased across conditions for the biomechanical tests. Internal rotation during the simulated early-phase pivot-shift test was significantly different between ACLfull and ALLsec. Anatomic ALL reconstruction did not significantly reduce internal rotation or anterior translation during the simulated early-phase pivot-shift test. After LET, a significant decrease in anterior translation was found. There was no evidence of over-constraint of the knee with either anatomic ALL reconstruction or LET. Conclusion: The ALL demonstrated a role in controlling anterolateral laxity. LET had a composite effect in governing both anterior and rotational laxity. Anatomic ALL reconstruction did not reduce anterolateral rotational laxity. Clinical Relevance: Profiling the biomechanical characteristics of anterolateral reconstruction is integral to understanding the implications and potential benefit of such an additional procedure to ACL reconstruction.
UV-inactivated HSV-1 potently activates NK cell killing of leukemic cells
Authors: Samudio Ismael , Rezvani Katayoun , Shaim Hila , Hofs Elyse , Ngom Mor , Bu Luke , Liu Guoyu , Lee Jason T. C. , Imren Suzan , Lam Vivian , Poon Grace F. T. , Ghaedi Maryam , Takei Fumio , Humphries Keith , Jia William , Krystal Gerald 
Published: March 2016

Key Points
UV-inactivated HSV-1 activates Toll-like receptor signaling in NK cells to kill leukemic, but not normal, allogeneic cells. UV-inactivated HSV-1 increases the therapeutic efficacy of allogeneic mononuclear cell infusions in a xenograft model of AML.
BRAF inhibition in hairy cell leukemia with low-dose vemurafenib
Authors: Dietrich Sascha , Pircher Andreas , Endris Volker , Peyrade Frédéric , Wendtner Clemens-Martin , Follows George A. , Hüllein Jennifer , Jethwa Alexander , Ellert Elena , Walther Tatjana , Liu Xiyang , Dyer Martin J. S. , Elter Thomas , Brummer Tilman , Zeiser Robert , Hermann Michael , Herold Michael , Weichert Wilko , Dearden Claire , Haferlach Torsten , Seiffert Martina , Hallek Michael , von Kalle Christof , Ho Anthony D. , Gaehler Anita , Andrulis Mindaugas , Steurer Michael , Zenz Thorsten 
Published: March 2016

Key Points
Low doses of the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib are highly effective in refractory hairy cell leukemia. Abrogation of BRAF V600E–induced signaling was consistently seen with 240 mg of vemurafenib twice daily.
Computational methods for ubiquitination site prediction using physicochemical properties of protein sequences
Authors: Cai Binghuang , Jiang Xia 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Background
Ubiquitination is a very important process in protein post-translational modification, which has been widely investigated by biology scientists and researchers. Different experimental and computational methods have been developed to identify the ubiquitination sites in protein sequences. This paper aims at exploring computational machine learning methods for the prediction of ubiquitination sites using the physicochemical properties (PCPs) of amino acids in the protein sequences.

Results
We first establish six different ubiquitination data sets, whose records contain both ubiquitination sites and non-ubiquitination sites in variant numbers of protein sequence segments. In particular, to establish such data sets, protein sequence segments are extracted from the original protein sequences used in four published papers on ubiquitination, while 531 PCP features of each extracted protein sequence segment are calculated based on PCP values from AAindex (Amino Acid index database) by averaging PCP values of all amino acids on each segment. Various computational machine-learning methods, including four Bayesian network methods (i.e., Naïve Bayes (NB), Feature Selection NB (FSNB), Model Averaged NB (MANB), and Efficient Bayesian Multivariate Classifier (EBMC)) and three regression methods (i.e., Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)), are then applied to the six established segment-PCP data sets. Five-fold cross-validation and the Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC) are employed to evaluate the ubiquitination prediction performance of each method. Results demonstrate that the PCP data of protein sequences contain information that could be mined by machine learning methods for ubiquitination site prediction. The comparative results show that EBMC, SVM and LR perform better than other methods, and EBMC is the only method that can get AUCs greater than or equal to 0.6 for the six established data sets. Results also show EBMC tends to perform better for larger data.

Conclusions
Machine learning methods have been employed for the ubiquitination site prediction based on physicochemical properties of amino acids on protein sequences. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of using machine learning methodology to mine information from PCP data concerning protein sequences, as well as the superiority of EBMC, SVM and LR (especially EBMC) for the ubiquitination prediction compared to other methods.
Gait and Lower Limb Observation of Paediatrics (GALLOP): development of a consensus based paediatric podiatry and physiotherapy standardised recording proforma
Authors: Cranage Simone , Banwell Helen , Williams Cylie M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundPaediatric gait and lower limb assessments are frequently undertaken in podiatry and physiotherapy clinical practice and this is a growing area of expertise within Australia. No concise paediatric standardised recording proforma exists to assist clinicians in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to develop a gait and lower limb standardised recording proforma guided by the literature and consensus, for assessment of the paediatric foot and lower limb in children aged 0–18 years.MethodExpert Australian podiatrists and physiotherapists were invited to participate in a three round Delphi survey panel using the online Qualtrics© survey platform. The first round of the survey consisted of open‐ended questions on paediatric gait and lower limb assessment developed from existing templates and a literature search of standardised lower limb assessment methods. Rounds two and three consisted of statements developed from the first round responses. Questions and statements were included in the final proforma if 70 % or more of the participants indicated consensus or agreement with the assessment method and if there was support within the literature for paediatric age‐specific normative data with acceptable reliability of outcome measures.ResultsThere were 17 of the 21 (81 %) participants who completed three rounds of the survey. Consensus was achieved for 41 statements in Round one, 54 statements achieved agreement in two subsequent rounds. Participants agreed on 95 statements relating to birth history, developmental history, hip measurement, rotation of the lower limb, ankle range of motion, foot posture, balance and gait. Assessments with acceptable validity and reliability were included within the final Gait and Lower Limb Observation of Paediatrics (GALLOP) proforma.ConclusionThe GALLOP proforma is a consensus based, systematic and standardised way to collect information and outcome measures in paediatric lower limb assessment. This standardised recording proforma will assist professions to collect information in a standardised format based on best evidence assessment methods whilst aiding consistency in communication between health professionals.
Chemokine axes in breast cancer: factors of the tumor microenvironment reshape the CCR7-driven metastatic spread of luminal-A breast tumors
Authors: Weitzenfeld Polina , Kossover Olga , Körner Cindy , Meshel Tsipi , Wiemann Stefan , Seliktar Dror , Legler Daniel F , Ben-Baruch Adit 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Chemokine axes have been shown to mediate site-specific metastasis in breast cancer, but their relevance to different subtypes has been hardly addressed. Here, with the focus on the CCR7-CCL21 axis, patient datasets demonstrated that luminal-A tumors express relatively low CCR7 levels compared with more aggressive disease subtypes. Furthermore, lymph node metastasis was not associated with high CCR7 levels in luminal-A patients. The metastatic pattern of luminal-A breast tumors may be influenced by the way luminal-A tumor cells interpret signals provided by factors of the primary tumor microenvironment. Thus, CCR7-expressing human luminal-A cells were stimulated simultaneously by factors representing 3 tumor microenvironment arms typical of luminal-A tumors, hormonal, inflammatory, and growth stimulating: estrogen + TNF-α + epidermal growth factor. Such tumor microenvironment stimulation down-regulated the migration of CCR7-expressing tumor cells toward CCL21 and inhibited the formation of directional protrusions toward CCL21 in a novel 3-dimensional hydrogel system. CCL21-induced migration of CCR7-expressing tumor cells depended on PI3K and MAPK activation; however, when CCR7-expressing cancer cells were prestimulated by tumor microenvironment factors, CCL21 could not effectively activate these signaling pathways. In vivo, pre-exposure of the tumor cells to tumor microenvironment factors has put restraints on CCL21-mediated lymph node-homing cues and shifted the metastatic pattern of CCR7-expressing cells to the aggressive phenotype of dissemination to bones. Several of the aspects were also studied in the CXCR4-CXCL12 system, demonstrating similar patient and in vitro findings. Thus, we provide novel evidence to subtype-specific regulation of the CCR7-CCL21 axis, with more general implications to chemokine-dependent patterns of metastatic spread, revealing differential regulation in the luminal-A subtype.
The role of macrophages in obesity-driven chronic liver disease
Authors: Devisscher Lindsey , Verhelst Xavier , Colle Isabelle , Van Vlierberghe Hans , Geerts Anja 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle have resulted in the expansion of human obesity and associated metabolic complications. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has become the most common chronic liver disease in Western developed countries and can range from simple hepatic steatosis to a combination of steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning degeneration (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis). Obesity and its related liver disease are both risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma, the incidence of which is expected to increase rapidly. The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma involve a deregulated lipid metabolism and a disruption of immune homeostasis and tissue integrity and are associated with a state of chronic inflammation. Macrophages are immune cells essential for maintenance of organ function and homeostasis but can also contribute to tissue damage and maintain a proinflammatory response. Their function depends on their origin, and tissue and can be converted based on local environmental cues. Resident liver macrophages, Kupffer cells, which function as sentinels, provide a first defense and are assisted by infiltrating monocytes in cases of hepatic insult. Until now, the contribution of tissue-residing and infiltrating macrophages to the onset and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma has been only partially unraveled. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the contribution of macrophage subsets to obesity-driven fatty liver disease and its complications and sheds light on still unexplored areas.
Neuroblastoma in Africa: A Survey by the Franco-African Pediatric Oncology Group
Authors: Traoré Fousseyni , Eshun Francis , Togo Boubacar , Yao Jean Jacques Atteby , Lukamba Mbuli Robert 
Published: March 2016

Purpose Neuroblastoma is a sympathoadrenal lineage neural crest–derived tumor. It is the third most common childhood malignancy in the Western world. Studies from the United States show that black patients with neuroblastoma have a greater proportion of high-risk neuroblastoma with poorer prognosis compared with white patients. In Africa, there are few published data on the epidemiology and management of neuroblastoma. The primary aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic resources available for the management of neuroblastoma within the Franco-African Pediatric Oncology Group (GFAOP). Methods A survey was conducted in the pediatric oncology centers of the GFAOP. Participating GFAOP centers were Abidjan, Algiers, Bamako, Dakar, Lubumbashi, Lomé, Ouagadougou, Rabat, Tananarive Antananarivo, and Tunis. Questionnaires were sent out by e-mail to the principal investigators at each participating GFAOP center in December 2013. Results Ten (62%) of 16 GFAOP centers responded to the questionnaire. Neuroblastoma represented only 3% to 5% of childhood cancers in the sub-Saharan African centers, with the exception of Antananarivo, where it represented 7.5%. In contrast, in the northern African centers of Tunis, Rabat, and Algiers, neuroblastoma accounted for 30%,10%, and 7% of childhood cancer, respectively. At initial diagnosis, 50% to 80% of patients had metastatic neuroblastoma in eight of 10 centers. Conclusion Based on this survey, neuroblastoma seems to be less common in sub-Saharan Africa. The proportion of patients with metastatic neuroblastoma seems to be higher than reported in Western countries.
Adrenal Demedullation and Oxygen Supplementation Independently Increase Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Concentrations in Fetal Sheep With Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: Macko Antoni R. , Yates Dustin T. , Chen Xiaochuan , Shelton Leslie A. , Kelly Amy C. , Davis Melissa A. , Camacho Leticia E. , Anderson Miranda J. , Limesand Sean W. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal glucose and oxygen concentrations are reduced, whereas plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations are elevated throughout the final third of gestation. Here we study the effects of chronic hypoxemia and hypercatecholaminemia on β-cell function in fetal sheep with placental insufficiency-induced IUGR that is produced by maternal hyperthermia. IUGR and control fetuses underwent a sham (intact) or bilateral adrenal demedullation (AD) surgical procedure at 0.65 gestation. As expected, AD-IUGR fetuses had lower norepinephrine concentrations than intact-IUGR fetuses despite being hypoxemic and hypoglycemic. Placental insufficiency reduced fetal weights, but the severity of IUGR was less with AD. Although basal plasma insulin concentrations were lower in intact-IUGR and AD-IUGR fetuses compared with intact-controls, glucose-stimulated insulin concentrations were greater in AD-IUGR fetuses compared with intact-IUGR fetuses. Interestingly, AD-controls had lower glucose- and arginine-stimulated insulin concentrations than intact-controls, but AD-IUGR and AD-control insulin responses were not different. To investigate chronic hypoxemia in the IUGR fetus, arterial oxygen tension was increased to normal levels by increasing the maternal inspired oxygen fraction. Oxygenation of IUGR fetuses enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin concentrations 3.3-fold in intact-IUGR and 1.7-fold in AD-IUGR fetuses but did not lower norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations. Together these findings show that chronic hypoxemia and hypercatecholaminemia have distinct but complementary roles in the suppression of β-cell responsiveness in IUGR fetuses.
Management of Hypoparathyroidism: Present and Future
Authors: Bilezikian John P. , Brandi Maria Luisa , Cusano Natalie E. , Mannstadt Michael , Rejnmark Lars , Rizzoli René , Rubin Mishaela R. , Winer Karen K. , Liberman Uri A. , Potts John T. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Context:
Conventional management of hypoparathyroidism has focused upon maintaining the serum calcium with oral calcium and active vitamin D, often requiring high doses and giving rise to concerns about long-term consequences including renal and brain calcifications. Replacement therapy with PTH has recently become available. This paper summarizes the results of the findings and recommendations of the Working Group on Management of Hypoparathyroidism.

Evidence Acquisition:
Contributing authors reviewed the literature regarding physiology, pathophysiology, and nutritional aspects of hypoparathyroidism, management of acute hypocalcemia, clinical aspects of chronic management, and replacement therapy of hypoparathyroidism with PTH peptides. PubMed and other literature search engines were utilized.

Evidence synthesis:
Under normal circumstances, interactions between PTH and active vitamin D along with the dynamics of calcium and phosphorus absorption, renal tubular handing of those ions, and skeletal responsiveness help to maintain calcium homeostasis and skeletal health. In the absence of PTH, the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and skeleton are all affected, leading to hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, reduced bone remodeling, and an inability to conserve filtered calcium. Acute hypocalcemia can be a medical emergency presenting with neuromuscular irritability. The recent availability of recombinant human PTH (1–84) has given hope that management of hypoparathyroidism with the missing hormone in this disorder will provide better control and reduced needs for calcium and vitamin D.

Conclusions:
Hypoparathyroidism is associated with abnormal calcium and skeletal homeostasis. Control with calcium and active vitamin D can be a challenge. The availability of PTH (1–84) replacement therapy may usher new opportunities for better control with reduced supplementation requirements.
How “God Becomes a Lover”
Authors: Bush J. Andrew 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Based on ethnographic fieldwork in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, this article tracks the imbrication of ordinary and mystical desire in the life of a Muslim man who disavows pietistic forms of ethical striving. It examines the way tropes of desire from Sufi poetry affect everyday life and desire in ordinary relationships with friends and kin. Revising the notion of the “infinity of desire,” which explains the traction of the paradigmatically mystical figures of lover and beloved in pious frameworks, the article argues that the finitude of desire in relation to intimate others in everyday life provides one context in which these figures, and Sufi poetry more generally, may become attractive to contemporary Muslims.