bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Requirements and limits of anatomy-based predictions of locomotion in terrestrial arthropods with emphasis on arachnids
Authors: Weihmann Tom , Goetzke Hanns Hagen , Günther Michael 
Published: May 2016

AbstractModern computer-aided techniques foster the availability and quality of 3D visualization and reconstruction of extinct and extant species. Moreover, animated sequences of locomotion and other movements find their way into motion pictures and documentary films, but also gain attraction in science. While movement analysis is well advanced in vertebrates, particularly in mammals and birds, analyses in arthropods, with their much higher variability regarding general anatomy and size, are still in their infancies and restricted to a few laboratory species. These restrictions and deficient understanding of terrestrial arthropod locomotion in general impedes sensible reconstruction of movements in those species that are not directly observable (e.g., extinct and cryptic species). Since shortcomings like over-simplified approaches to simulate arthropod locomotion became obvious recently, in this review we provide insight into physical, morphological, physiological, behavioral, and ecological constraints, which are essential for sensible reconstructions of terrestrial arthropod locomotion. Such concerted consideration along with sensible evaluations of stability and efficiency requirements can pave the way to realistic assessment of leg coordination and body dynamics.
Hot subdwarf stars in the Galactic halo Tracers of prominent events in late stellar evolution
Authors: Geier Stephan , Kupfer Thomas , Schaffenroth Veronika , Heber Ulrich ,   the MUCHFUSS collaboration
Published: May 2016

AbstractHot subdwarf stars (sdO/Bs) are the stripped cores of red giants located at the bluest extension of the horizontal branch. They constitute the dominant population of UV-bright stars in old stellar environments and are most likely formed by binary interactions. We perform the first systematic, spectroscopic analysis of a sample of those stars in the Galactic halo based on data from SDSS. In the course of this project we discovered 177 close binary candidates. A significant fraction of the sdB binaries turned out to have close substellar companions, which shows that brown dwarfs and planets can significantly influence late stellar evolution. Close hot subdwarf binaries with massive white dwarf companions on the other hand are good candidates for the progenitors of type Ia supernovae. We discovered a hypervelocity star, which not only turned out to be the fastest unbound star known in our Galaxy, but also the surviving companion of such a supernova explosion.
Halo formation and evolution: unification of structure and physical properties
Authors: Ernest Allan D. , Collins Matthew P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe assembly of matter in the universe proliferates a wide variety of halo structures, often with enigmatic consequences. Giant spiral galaxies, for example, contain both dark matter and hot gas, while dwarf spheroidal galaxies, with weaker gravity, contain much larger fractions of dark matter, but little gas. Globular clusters, superficially resembling these dwarf spheroidals, have little or no dark matter. Halo temperatures are also puzzling: hot cluster halos contain cooler galaxy halos; dwarf galaxies have no hot gas at all despite their similar internal processes. Another mystery is the origin of the gas that galaxies require to maintain their measured star formation rates (SFRs). We outline how gravitational quantum theory solves these problems, and enables baryons to function as weakly-interacting-massive-particles (WIMPs) in Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) theory. Significantly, these dark-baryon ensembles may also be consistent with primordial nucleosynthesis (BBN) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies.
Subaru Hyper Suprime Cam Survey of the Andromeda Halo
Authors: Chiba Masashi , Tanaka Mikito , Komiyama Yutaka 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present a progress report on our deep and wide-field imaging survey of the Andromeda halo with Hyper Suprime Cam (HSC) mounted on Subaru. HSC is the upgraded prime focus camera after Suprime-Cam, having a field of view of 1.77 square degree (1.5 degree in diameter), namely about 10 times larger than that of Suprime-Cam. This camera will thus offer us great opportunities to explore unique and legacy surveys for the Andromeda halo, as well as for other Galactic Archaeology science cases.
CNO abundances in giants of the peculiar globular cluster NGC 1851
Authors: Tautvaišienė G. , Drazdauskas A. , Lardo C. , Martell S. L. , Pancino E. , Stonkutė E. ,   Gaia-ESO Consortium
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe provide CNO and Fe abundance investigations for a sample of up to 45 NGC 1851 giants. High-resolution spectra were obtained with the VLT UVES spectrograph in the framework of the Gaia-ESO Survey. The stars in our sample can be separated into two groups with a difference of 0.1 dex in the mean metallicity, 0.3 dex in the mean C/N, and no significant difference in the mean values of C+N+O.
Two New Ultra-Faint Star Clusters in the Milky Way Halo
Authors: Kim Dongwon 
Published: May 2016

AbstractKim 1 & 2 are two new star clusters discovered in the Stromlo Missing Satellite Survey. Kim 1, located at a heliocentric distance of 19.8 ± 0.9 kpc, features an extremely low total luminosity (MV = 0.3 ± 0.5 mag) and low star concentration. Together with the large ellipticity (ε = 0.42 ± 0.10) and irregular isophotes, these properties suggest that Kim 1 is an intermediate mass star cluster being stripped by the Galactic tidal field. Kim 2 is a rare ultra-faint outer halo globular cluster located at a heliocentric distance of 104.7 ± 4.1 kpc. The cluster exhibits evidence of significant mass loss such as extra-tidal stars and mass-segregation. Kim 2 is likely to follow an orbit confined to the peripheral region of the Galactic halo, and/or to have formed in a dwarf galaxy that was later accreted into the Galactic halo.
Globular clusters as tracers of the halo assembly of nearby central cluster galaxies
Authors: Hilker Michael , Richtler Tom 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe properties of globular cluster systems (GCSs) in the core of the nearby galaxy clusters Fornax and Hydra I are presented. In the Fornax cluster we have gathered the largest radial velocity sample of a GCS system so far, which enables us to identify photometric and kinematic sub-populations around the central galaxy NGC 1399. Moreover, ages, metallicities and [α/Fe] abundances of a sub-sample of 60 bright globular clusters (GCs) with high S/N spectroscopy show a multi-modal distribution in the correlation space of these three parameters, confirming heterogeneous stellar populations in the halo of NGC 1399. In the Hydra I cluster very blue GCs were identified. They are not uniformly distributed around the central galaxies. 3-color photometry including the U-band reveals that some of them are of intermediate age. Their location coincides with a group of dwarf galaxies under disruption. This is evidence of a structurally young stellar halo “still in formation”, which is also supported by kinematic measurements of the halo light that point to a kinematically disturbed system. The most massive GCs divide into generally more extended ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) and genuine compact GCs. In both clusters, the spatial distribution and kinematics of UCDs are different from those of genuine GCs. Assuming that some UCDs represent nuclei of stripped galaxies, the properties of those UCDs can be used to trace the assembly of nucleated dwarf galaxies into the halos of central cluster galaxies. We show via semi-analytical approaches within a cosmological simulation that only the most massive UCDs in Fornax-like clusters can be explained by stripped nuclei, whereas the majority of lower mass UCDs belong to the star cluster family.
Origins of Stellar Halos
Authors: Johnston Kathryn V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis contribution reviews ideas about the origins of stellar halos. It includes discussion of the theoretical understanding of and observational evidence for stellar populations formed “in situ” (meaning formed in orbits close to their current ones), “kicked-out” (meaning formed in the inner galaxy in orbits unlike their current ones) and “accreted” (meaning formed in a dark matter halo other than the one they currently occupy). At this point there is general agreement that a significant fraction of any stellar halo population is likely “accreted”. There is modest evidence for the presence of a “kicked-out” population around both the Milky Way and M31. Our theoretical understanding of and the observational evidence for an “in situ” population are less clear.
The Dynamical Evolution of Galactic X-ray Coronae in Clusters
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Rukmani , Ricker Paul 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGalaxies in group and cluster environments are subject to ram pressure stripping by the hot intracluster medium, resulting in gas loss and the eventual suppression of star formation. Recent Chandra observations of galaxies in group and cluster environments show that 60 - 80% of these galaxies have compact (1-4 kpc), hot (~ 1 keV) X-ray coronae centered on their cores. These coronae have survived stripping and evaporation in the cluster, and their long-term survival poses a test of our understanding of the physical processes in the ICM. In this poster, I summarize results from Vijayaraghavan & Ricker (2015), where we simulated the evolution of populations of galaxies and their hot coronal gas in group and cluster environments, and evaluated their detectability with existing and future X-ray catalogs.
Several evolutionary channels for bright planetary nebulae
Authors: Richer Michael G. , McCall Marshall L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe populations of bright planetary nebulae in the discs of spirals appear to differ in their spectral properties from those in ellipticals and the bulges of spirals. The bright planetary nebulae from the bulge of the Milky Way are entirely compatible with those observed in the discs of spiral galaxies. The similarity might be explained if the bulge of the Milky Way evolved secularly from the disc, in which case the bulge should be regarded as a pseudo-bulge.
From the Outskirts of Galaxies to Intra Cluster Light
Authors: Dolag Klaus , Remus Rhea-Silvia , Teklu Adelheid F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe use the Magneticum Pathfinder (www.magneticum.org) hydro-dynamical cosmological simulation set to investigate the buildup of the stellar component within cosmological structures. These simulations result in the self-consistent formation of ICM, AGNs, and both spheroidal and disk galaxy populations, which properly reproduce the observed properties.
Kinematics and Angular Momentum in Early Type Galaxy Halos
Authors: Brodie Jean P. , Romanowsky Aaron ,   the SLUGGS team
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe use the kinematics of discrete tracers, primarily globular clusters (GCs) and planetary nebulae (PNe), along with measurements of the integrated starlight to explore the assembly histories of early type galaxies. Data for GCs and stars are taken from the SLUGGS wide field, 2-dimensional, chemo-dynamical survey (Brodie et al. 2014). Data for PNe are from the PN.S survey (see contributions by Gerhard and by Arnaboldi, this volume). We find widespread evidence for 2-phase galaxy assembly and intriguing constraints on hierarchical merging under a lambda CDM cosmology.
Determination of the spin-lifetime anisotropy in graphene using oblique spin precession
Authors: Raes Bart , Scheerder Jeroen E. , Costache Marius V. , Bonell Frédéric , Sierra Juan F. , Cuppens Jo , Van de Vondel Joris , Valenzuela Sergio O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe determine the spin-lifetime anisotropy of spin-polarized carriers in graphene. In contrast to prior approaches, our method does not require large out-of-plane magnetic fields and thus it is reliable for both low- and high-carrier densities. We first determine the in-plane spin lifetime by conventional spin precession measurements with magnetic fields perpendicular to the graphene plane. Then, to evaluate the out-of-plane spin lifetime, we implement spin precession measurements under oblique magnetic fields that generate an out-of-plane spin population. We find that the spin-lifetime anisotropy of graphene on silicon oxide is independent of carrier density and temperature down to 150 K, and much weaker than previously reported. Indeed, within the experimental uncertainty, the spin relaxation is isotropic. Altogether with the gate dependence of the spin lifetime, this indicates that the spin relaxation is driven by magnetic impurities or random spin-orbit or gauge fields.
Nonlocality-driven supercontinuum white light generation in plasmonic nanostructures
Authors: Krasavin A. V. , Ginzburg P. , Wurtz G. A. , Zayats A. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStructured plasmonic metals are widely employed for achieving nonlinear functionalities at the nanoscale due to their ability to confine and enhance electromagnetic fields and strong, inherent nonlinearity. Optical nonlinearities in centrosymmetric metals are dominated by conduction electron dynamics, which at the nanoscale can be significantly affected by the nonlocal effects. Here we show that nonlocal corrections, being usually small in the linear optical response, define nonlinear properties of plasmonic nanostructures. Using a full non-perturbative time-domain hydrodynamic description of electron plasma under femtosecond excitation, we numerically investigate harmonic generation in metallic Archimedean nanospirals, revealing the interplay between geometric and nonlocal effects. The quantum pressure term in the nonlinear hydrodynamic model results in the emergence of fractional nonlinear harmonics leading to broadband coherent white-light generation. The described effects present a novel class of nonlinear phenomena in metallic nanostructures determined by nonlocality of the electron response.
Intrinsic correlation between β-relaxation and spatial heterogeneity in a metallic glass
Authors: Zhu F. , Nguyen H. K. , Song S. X. , Aji Daisman P. B. , Hirata A. , Wang H. , Nakajima K. , Chen M. W. 
Published: May 2016

Abstractβ-relaxation has long been attributed to localized motion of constituent molecules or atoms confined to isolated regions in glasses. However, direct experimental evidence to support this spatially heterogeneous scenario is still missing. Here we report the evolution of nanoscale structural heterogeneity in a metallic glass during β-relaxation by utilizing amplitude-modulation dynamic atomic force microscopy. The successive degeneration of heterogeneity during β-relaxation can be well described by the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts equation. The characteristic relaxation time and activation energy of the heterogeneity evolution are in accord with those of excess enthalpy release by β-relaxation. Our study correlates β-relaxation with nanoscale spatial heterogeneity and provides direct evidence on the structural origins of β-relaxation in metallic glasses.
The differential role of cortical protein synthesis in taste memory formation and persistence
Authors: Levitan David , Gal-Ben-Ari Shunit , Heise Christopher , Rosenberg Tali , Elkobi Alina , Inberg Sharon , Sala Carlo , Rosenblum Kobi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe current dogma suggests that the formation of long-term memory (LTM) is dependent on protein synthesis but persistence of the memory trace is not. However, many of the studies examining the effect of protein synthesis inhibitors (PSIs) on LTM persistence were performed in the hippocampus, which is known to have a time-dependent role in memory storage, rather than the cortex, which is considered to be the main structure to store long-term memories. Here we studied the effect of PSIs on LTM formation and persistence in male Wistar Hola (n⩾5) rats by infusing the protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin (100 μg, 1 μl), into the gustatory cortex (GC) during LTM formation and persistence in conditioned taste aversion (CTA). We found that local anisomycin infusion to the GC before memory acquisition impaired LTM formation (P=8.9E−5), but had no effect on LTM persistence when infused 3 days post acquisition (P=0.94). However, when we extended the time interval between treatment with anisomycin and testing from 3 days to 14 days, LTM persistence was enhanced (P=0.01). The enhancement was on the background of stable and non-declining memory, and was not recapitulated by another amnesic agent, APV (10 μg, 1 μl), an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist (P=0.54). In conclusion, CTA LTM remains sensitive to the action of PSIs in the GC even 3 days following memory acquisition. This sensitivity is differentially expressed between the formation and persistence of LTM, suggesting that increased cortical protein synthesis promotes LTM formation, whereas decreased protein synthesis promotes LTM persistence.
A gonogenic stimulated transition of mouse embryonic stem cells with enhanced control of diverse differentiation pathways
Authors: Moshfegh Cameron , Aires Lina , Kisielow Malgorzata , Vogel Viola 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEmbryonic stem (ES) cells share markers with undifferentiated primordial germ cells (PGCs). Here, we discovered that a cellular state with some molecular markers of male gonocyte induction, including a G1/S phase arrest and upregulation of specific genes such as Nanos2, Tdrd1, Ddx4, Zbtb16 and Plk1s1, can be chemically induced in male mouse ES cells in vitro, which we termed gonogenic stimulated transition (GoST). After longer culture of the resulting GoST cells without chemical stimulation, several molecular markers typical for early gonocytes were detected including the early gonocyte marker Tex101. Motivated by previous studies that found multipotency in cell lines derived from neonatal male germ cells in vitro, we then compared the differentiation potential of GoST cells to that of ES cells in vitro. Interestingly, GoST cells showed equal neurogenic, but enhanced cardiogenic and hepatogenic differentiation compared to ES cells in vitro. This work shows for the first time that some important molecular markers of the first developmental sexual differentiation program can be induced in male mouse ES cells in vitro and defines a novel concept to generate cells with enhanced multipotency.
Improved metagenome assemblies and taxonomic binning using long-read circular consensus sequence data
Authors: Frank J. A. , Pan Y. , Tooming-Klunderud A. , Eijsink V. G. H. , McHardy A. C. , Nederbragt A. J. , Pope P. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDNA assembly is a core methodological step in metagenomic pipelines used to study the structure and function within microbial communities. Here we investigate the utility of Pacific Biosciences long and high accuracy circular consensus sequencing (CCS) reads for metagenomic projects. We compared the application and performance of both PacBio CCS and Illumina HiSeq data with assembly and taxonomic binning algorithms using metagenomic samples representing a complex microbial community. Eight SMRT cells produced approximately 94 Mb of CCS reads from a biogas reactor microbiome sample that averaged 1319 nt in length and 99.7% accuracy. CCS data assembly generated a comparative number of large contigs greater than 1 kb, to those assembled from a ~190x larger HiSeq dataset (~18 Gb) produced from the same sample (i.e approximately 62% of total contigs). Hybrid assemblies using PacBio CCS and HiSeq contigs produced improvements in assembly statistics, including an increase in the average contig length and number of large contigs. The incorporation of CCS data produced significant enhancements in taxonomic binning and genome reconstruction of two dominant phylotypes, which assembled and binned poorly using HiSeq data alone. Collectively these results illustrate the value of PacBio CCS reads in certain metagenomics applications.
Mechanical interlocking of cotton fibers on slightly textured surfaces of metallic cylinders
Authors: Zhang Youqiang , Tian Yu , Meng Yonggang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMechanical interlocking is widely applied in industry and general lives of human beings. In this work, we realized the control of locking or sliding states of cotton fibers on the metal surfaces with slightly different textures through traditional machining. Three types of sliding states, i.e., locking, one-way sliding and two-way sliding have been achieved. It is found that the locking or sliding of the cotton fibers on the metallic cylinder depends on the friction coefficient and the ratio of cotton fiber diameter, 2r, to the height of the rough peaks, h, of metal surfaces. When the critical ratio h/r exceeds 1, the cotton fibers could tightly attach to the metallic surface through mechanical interlocking. This work provided a convenient and universal method for the control of interlocking or sliding of fiber-based materials on textured surfaces.
Automatic Three-dimensional Detection of Photoreceptor Ellipsoid Zone Disruption Caused by Trauma in the OCT
Authors: Zhu Weifang , Chen Haoyu , Zhao Heming , Tian Bei , Wang Lirong , Shi Fei , Xiang Dehui , Luo Xiaohong , Gao Enting , Zhang Li , Yin Yilong , Chen Xinjian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDetection and assessment of the integrity of the photoreceptor ellipsoid zone (EZ) are important because it is critical for visual acuity in retina trauma and other diseases. We have proposed and validated a framework that can automatically analyse the 3D integrity of the EZ in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The images are first filtered and automatically segmented into 10 layers, of which EZ is located in the 7th layer. For each voxel of the EZ, 57 features are extracted and a principle component analysis is performed to optimize the features. An Adaboost classifier is trained to classify each voxel of the EZ as disrupted or non-disrupted. Finally, blood vessel silhouettes and isolated points are excluded. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the proposed framework was tested on 15 eyes with retinal trauma and 15 normal eyes. For the eyes with retinal trauma, the sensitivity (SEN) was 85.69% ± 9.59%, the specificity (SPE) was 85.91% ± 5.48%, and the balanced accuracy rate (BAR) was 85.80% ± 6.16%. For the normal eyes, the SPE was 99.03% ± 0.73%, and the SEN and BAR levels were not relevant. Our framework has the potential to become a useful tool for studying retina trauma and other conditions involving EZ integrity.
Microfluidic platform combining droplets and magnetic tweezers: application to HER2 expression in cancer diagnosis
Authors: Ferraro Davide , Champ Jérôme , Teste Bruno , Serra Marco , Malaquin Laurent , Viovy Jean-Louis , de Cremoux Patricia , Descroix Stephanie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe development of precision medicine, together with the multiplication of targeted therapies and associated molecular biomarkers, call for major progress in genetic analysis methods, allowing increased multiplexing and the implementation of more complex decision trees, without cost increase or loss of robustness. We present a platform combining droplet microfluidics and magnetic tweezers, performing RNA purification, reverse transcription and amplification in a fully automated and programmable way, in droplets of 250nL directly sampled from a microtiter-plate. This platform decreases sample consumption about 100 fold as compared to current robotized platforms and it reduces human manipulations and contamination risk. The platform’s performance was first evaluated on cell lines, showing robust operation on RNA quantities corresponding to less than one cell and then clinically validated with a cohort of 21 breast cancer samples, for the determination of their HER2 expression status, in a blind comparison with an established routine clinical analysis.