bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalies in the US Cyberbullying Jurisprudence
Authors: Pongó Tamás 
Published: October 2016

This article focused on US case law and analyzed the evolution of students’ freedom of speech from 1969 to this date in the US. Therefore, it briefly introduced the tests and doctrines, which were created in the landmark cases of the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS), noting that these cases were dealing with offline, on-campus situations and their determinations are not necessarily fully applicable to situations we might experience today. Nevertheless, the tests and doctrines, which were created in SCOTUS landmark decisions, are still in force and every cyberbullying judgment is still based on them even in the era of the Internet. Taking into consideration that the world has changed since these tests were established, I examined some more recent cyberbullying cases in the US, where these above tests were applied.Based on the analysis of SCOTUS and some Circuit Court jurisprudence, Certain anomalies were revealed, which serve as a basis to clearly state that the US system suffers from severe deficiencies, like handling the off-campus origin of the speech, or defining the substantial disruption or the sufficient nexus. However, the US courts have worked out tests and doctrines as a basis for their cyberbullying jurisprudence, so they are on the right track, but the jurisprudence will remain ambiguous and unpredictable without a SCOTUS landmark decision regarding cyberbullying.
Against ‘Against Data Exceptionalism’
Authors: Svantesson Dan Jerker B. 
Published: October 2016

The April 2016 issue of the Stanford Law Review (Volume 68, Issue 4) contains an interesting article by Assistant Professor Andrew Keane Woods. In that article, titled ‘Against Data Exceptionalism’, Woods seeks to challenge the view that the nature of data is incompatible with existing territorial notions of jurisdiction. He argues that the nature of data is not unique, and that existing jurisdictional principles rooted in territoriality can be applied to data.This is my response to his claims. I argue that Woods fails to refute ‘data exceptionalism’, and that his description of relevant jurisdictional issues is based on a misunderstanding leading to a conflation of different jurisdictional questions.
ROÇAGEM E APLICAÇÃO DE HERBICIDA PARA CONTROLE DE<i> Megathyrsus maximus</i>: DANOS SOBRE A VEGETAÇÃO PREEXISTENTE EM UM REFLORESTAMENTO DE 20 ANOS
Authors: Mantoani Maurício Cruz , Dias Jézili , Torezan José Marcelo Domingues 
Published: October 2016

A necessidade de controlar gramíneas exóticas em áreas de restauração ecológica por longos prazos pode acarretar elevados custos econômicos, danos colaterais à regeneração e danos menos óbvios ao ecossistema. Assim, dimensionar estes fatores negativos como parte do esforço para avaliar a razão custo/benefício das técnicas de controle dessas espécies, se faz necessário. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os danos causados por duas técnicas de controle de capim-colonião (Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs), sobre a regeneração preexistente (custos ambientais), em um reflorestamento de 20 anos, e estimar os custos econômicos do emprego dessas técnicas. Trinta parcelas de 10 x 20 m foram distribuídas em três grupos: (T1) controle, (T2) roçagem com roçadeiras costais e (T3) roçagem seguida da aplicação de herbicida à base de glifosato. Foi feito o inventário permanente de todos os indivíduos arbóreos e arbustivos, os quais foram acompanhados durante o período de um ano. Não houve diferença na mortalidade imposta pela roçagem inicial, tampouco na mortalidade imposta exclusivamente pela roçagem ou pelo herbicida no T3. Após um ano, não houve diferenças entre a mortalidade e a riqueza de espécies dos três grupos. Quando os três grupos foram comparados entre si após um ano, para as plantas > 1 m, houve redução da abundância no T1 e redução da riqueza no T3; já para as plantas < 1 m, houve redução da abundância no T2, e redução da abundância e riqueza no T3. Portanto, tais técnicas parecem afetar mais fortemente as plantas < 1 m. O custo econômico final do T2 foi 34,1% maior do que o custo do T3, e mesmo que o custo para se realizar novas intervenções diminua para ambos, há aumento dos custos quando ocorre necessidade de intervenções esparsas em áreas pequenas. Ambas as técnicas são indicadas para controlar o capim-colonião, sendo que o uso de herbicida à base de glifosato deve ser restrito às áreas com baixa cobertura de dossel, por demandarem mais manutenções, e por ser a técnica mais prejudicial à regeneração, já que houve alta mortalidade de indivíduos de pequeno porte (73%) em áreas com densa infestação da gramínea (100%).
Estabilidad, circularidad y origen: una lectura fenomenológica de la concepción política de la justicia
Authors: Palomar Torralbo Agustin 
Published: October 2016

<p>Este trabajo propone un acercamiento al liberalismo político desde la fenomenología. Comienza con la descripción del espacio político democrático como aquel que puede ser abordado desde la correlación de la facticidad institucional y los principios de la justicia. En un segundo momento, profundiza en cómo Rawls entiende la formación de este espacio desde el constructivismo político para evitar el compromiso con una filosofía trascendental. Finalmente, el trabajo hace una relectura de la concepción política de la justicia desde la fenomenología husserliana atendiendo a los conceptos de origen, actitud fenomenológica, epojé y reducción.</p>
Análisis de la participación escolar en la gestión de un espacio natural. Estudio de casos del Proyecto de Apadrinamiento del Parque Natural del Turia
Authors: Santana Martín Diana 
Published: October 2016

El Proyecto de Apadrinamiento de las riberas del Turia ha permitido desarrollar una investigación cualitativa para estudiar el carácter de la participación escolar fomentada a partir de la relación que este tipo de proyectos genera entre los ámbitos de la educación formal y no formal. Se plantea una primera fase diagnóstica a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y posteriormente una intervención mediante una investigación cuasiexperimental para conocer la percepción que sobre esta cuestión poseen técnicos, docentes y el propio alumnado. Los resultados evidencian la necesaria coherencia entre el modelo didáctico-evaluativo alternativo y el proyecto curricular sociocrítico para fomentar la participación escolar auténtica a partir de una mayor implicación en la gestión de este espacio natural a favor de una ciudadanía activa.
Cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Factor Structure of the Jalowiec Coping Scale in Iranian Women with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Saffari Mohsen , Sanaeinasab Hormoz , Hashempour Mahrokh , Pakpour Amir H. , Lovera Jesus F. , Al Shohaib Saad 
Published: October 2016

Background:
The aims of this study were to evaluate the Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS) psychometrically in Iranian women with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to identify the most frequent and efficacious coping strategies.

Methods:
A total of 306 women with MS participated in a cross-sectional study. A demographics questionnaire, the JCS, and the Perceived Stress Scale were administered. Forward-backward translation was used to achieve a Persian version of the scale. Cronbach α and test-retest were assessed for reliability. Convergent and discriminant validity were tested using an item-scaling procedure. The association of the JCS with perceived stress was examined using multiple regression. The factor structure was also explored using rotated exploratory factor analysis.

Results:
Participants had a mean (SD) age of 32.0 (6.6) years, and nearly half reported visual impairment as the first symptom of disease. Cronbach α for the scale was 0.898 and for the subscales ranged from 0.254 to 0.778. Relatively good convergent and discriminant validity were achieved (success rate ≥69%). Subscales assessing optimistic, fatalistic, and emotive coping predicted stress levels. A four-factor solution explained 30% of the total variance. Optimistic and supportive coping styles were the most common and effective styles, respectively, reported.

Conclusions:
The JCS may be useful in assessing coping strategies in Iranian women with MS. Further studies are needed to better understand how coping styles used in practice are similar to their theoretical constructs.
Defect distribution and Schottky barrier at metal/Ge interfaces: Role of metal-induced gap states
Authors: Sasaki Shogo , Nakayama Takashi 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The defect distribution and Schottky barrier at metal/Ge interfaces were studied using first-principles calculation. It was shown that the defect density markedly increases around the interface owing to the stabilization caused by the hybridization of defect electronic states with metal-induced gap states (MIGS) and by the associated small elastic energy loss around the interface. By comparing the formation energies of various defects at a variety of metal/substrate interfaces, we showed that MIGS not only control the Schottky barrier but also promote a defect-density increase at most metal/semiconductor interfaces. Moreover, we showed that interface oxide layers block MIGS penetration into the Ge substrate and promote the observed breakdown of Fermi-level pinning.
Controlling Isotropic Reflectivity with Multi‐Oriented Self‐Assembled Hexagonal Arrays in Plasmonic Metasurfaces
Authors: Cardoso Gil , Hamouda Frédéric , Yam Vy , Dagens Béatrice 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe fabrication of plasmonic metasurfaces on large surfaces is the next challenge to adapt them to augmented reality systems. The optical properties of a self‐assembled hexagonal plasmonic metasurface, realized with a large‐area compatible approach, are compared at different levels and a correlated‐disorder plasmonic metasurface fabricated by electron‐beam lithography and considered here as the reference: the contribution of plasmonic nanostructure arrangements is studied using the structure factor, physical properties are assessed by optical transmission and reflection measurements, and finally the entire metasurfaces are tested macroscopically in a head‐up display system.
Optical Simulations of Nanotextured All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Jäger Klaus , Tejada Alvaro , Berwig Sebastian , Hammerschmidt Martin , Tockhorn Philipp , Albrecht Steve , Becker Christiane 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis numerical study investigates, how textures at various locations of all‐perovskite tandem solar cells affect their optical performance. For this, hexagonal sinusoidal textures with 750 nm period and aspect ratios (height‐to‐period) of 27% (moderate) and 54% (pronounced) are considered. The optical simulations are performed with the finite element method and an algorithm to correct for the thick glass superstrate. The complex refractive index data of the wide‐bandgap (WBG) and narrow‐bandgap (NBG) perovskites with spectroscopic ellipsometry is determined. Texturing between the glass superstrate and the WBG perovskite top cell has an antireflective effect across the whole wavelength region. In contrast, texturing between the WBG perovskite top cell and the NBG perovskite bottom cell has no additional effect for a moderate texture but leads to light trapping in the NBG perovskite for a pronounced texture. Moderate texturing between the NBG perovskite absorber and the metal back contact leads to light trapping in the NBG perovskite but also excites surface plasmons in the copper back contact. Dielectric interlayers between the NBG perovskite and the metal back contact can reduce the plasmonic absorption losses. Texturing potentially allows to increase the current‐matched short‐circuit current density beyond 17 mA .
SIN3B Loss Heats up Cold Tumor Microenvironment to Boost Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhengyan , Tang Yingying , Wang Yu , Xu Junyi , Yang Xiaotong , Liu Mingzhu , Mazzone Massimiliano , Niu Ningning , Sun Yongwei , Tang Yujie , Xue Jing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite progress significant advances in immunotherapy for some solid tumors, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unresponsive poorly responsive to such interventions, largely due to its highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) with limited CD8+ T cell infiltration. This study explores the role of the epigenetic factor Sin3B in the PDAC TME. Using murine PDAC models, we found that tumor cell‐intrinsic Sin3B loss reshapes the TME, increasing CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytotoxicity, thus impeding tumor progression and enhancing sensitivity to anti‐PD1 treatment. Sin3B‐deficient tumor cells exhibited amplified CXCL9/10 secretion in response to Interferon‐gamma (IFNγ), creating a positive feedback loop via the CXCL9/10‐CXCR3 axis, thereby intensifying the anti‐tumor immune response against PDAC. Mechanistically, extensive epigenetic regulation is uncovered by Sin3B loss, particularly enhanced H3K27Ac distribution on genes related to immune responses in PDAC cells. Consistent with the murine model findings, analysis of human PDAC samples revealed a significant inverse correlation between SIN3B levels and both CD8+ T cell infiltration and CXCL9/10 expression. Notebly, PDAC patients with lower SIN3B expression showed a more favorable response to anti‐PD1 therapy. The findings suggest that targeting SIN3B can enhance cytotoxic T cell infiltration into the tumor site and improve immunotherapy efficacy in PDAC, offering potential avenues for therapeutic biomarker or target in this challenging disease.
Dynamic Reconstruction of Yttrium Oxide‐Stabilized Cobalt‐Loaded Carbon‐Based Catalysts During Thermal Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Zhu Yi , Pan Hongfei , Li Qi , Huang Xiege , Xi Wei , Tang Haibo , Tu Wenmao , Wang Shihao , Tang Haolin , Zhang Haining 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydrogen production from the decomposition of ammonia is considered an effective approach for addressing challenges associated with hydrogen storage and transportation. However, their relatively high energy consumption and low efficiency hinder practical multi‐scenario applications. In this study, Y2O3‐stabilized catalysts with Co‐loaded onto porous nitrogen‐doped carbon (Y2O3–Co/NC) are synthesized by pyrolysis of Y(NO3)3‐modified ZIF‐67 under an inert atmosphere, followed by annealing in a reducing environment. The introduction of Y2O3 enhanced the recombination and desorption of N atoms and facilitated the gradual dehydrogenation of NHx on the catalyst surface, resulting in improved catalytic activity for the thermal decomposition of ammonia. Benefitting from the electron‐donating properties of Y2O3 and N‐doped carbon, the optimized catalyst achieved a remarkable NH3 conversion efficiency of 92.3% at a high gas hourly space velocity of 20 000 cm3··h−1 with an encouraging H2 production rate of 20.6 mmol··min−1 at 550 °C. Moreover, the synthesized catalyst undergoes a fast‐dynamic reconstruction process, resulting in exceptionally stable catalytic activity during the thermal decomposition of ammonia, rendering it a promising candidate for carbon‐free energy thermocatalytic conversion technology.
Ethnic differences in the prevalence of amyloid positivity and cognitive trajectories
Authors: Jang Hyemin , Chun Min Young , Yun Jihwan , Kim Jun Pyo , Kang Sung Hoon , Weiner Michael , Kim Hee Jin , Na Duk L. , Hong Chang‐Hyung , Son Sang Joon , Roh Hyun Woong , Lee Tae‐Kyeong , Lee Eek‐Sung , Lee Eun Hye , Shin Daeun , Ham Hongki , Gu Yuna , Kim Yeshin , Kim Chi‐Hun , Woo Sook‐young , Seo Sang Won ,   the ADNI, A4 study, and K‐ROAD study groups
Published: September 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe investigated the prevalence of amyloid beta (Aβ) positivity (+) and cognitive trajectories in Koreans and non‐Hispanic Whites (NHWs).METHODSWe included 5121 Koreans from multiple centers across South Korea and 929 NHWs from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Participants underwent Aβ positron emission tomography and were categorized into cognitively unimpaired (CU), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia stages. Age, sex, education, and apolipoprotein E. genotype were adjusted using multivariable logistic regression and stabilized inverse probability of treatment weights based on the propensity scores to mitigate imbalances in these variables.RESULTSThe prevalence of Aβ+ was lower in CU Koreans than in CU NHWs (adjusted odds ratio 0.60). Aβ+ Koreans showed a faster cognitive decline than Aβ+ NHWs in the CU (B = −0.314, p = .004) and MCI stages (B = −0.385, p < .001).DISCUSSIONEthnic characteristics of Aβ biomarkers should be considered in research and clinical application of Aβ‐targeted therapies in diverse populations.Highlights
Koreans have a lower prevalence of Aβ positivity compared to NHWs in the CU stage.
The effects of Alzheimer's risk factors on Aβ positivity differ between Koreans and NHWs.
Aβ‐positive (Aβ+) Koreans show faster cognitive decline than Aβ+ NHWs in the CU and MCI stages.
Fabrication of one‐dimensional Zn‐doped Bi2S3 nanorods for photodiode applications
Authors: Arumugam Jayachandhiran , George Amal , Saravanan P. , Rahul Subramani , Raj Alphonse Dhayal , Albeshr Mohammed F. , Johnsundaram Savarenathan , Selvankumar Thangaswamy , Karthika Duraisamy , Kumar Jothi Vinoth 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this research, the impact of the different zinc (Zn) concentrations on the physical and optoelectronic properties of Bi2S3 nanorods as self‐powered and photodiode applications was investigated. The performance of P‐N junction photodiodes has been for decades since they are crucial in energy applications. The structure, degree of crystallinity, and shape of Zn‐doped Bi2S3 nanorods of various doping percentages formed onto the indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by the dip coating technique are investigated using X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and SEM. With increasing illumination time, the current–voltage (I–V) graphs demonstrate a rise in photocurrent. The diode's idealist factor was estimated using the I–V technique under 30 min of light illumination.
A novel coumarin–naphthalimide‐based ratiometric fluorescent probe for efficiently monitoring of hydrazine in environmental water
Authors: Luo Zhong , Yuan Changchun , Li Zhichun , Ma Wenbing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA novel coumarin–naphthalimide‐based ratiometric fluorescent probe, called XPT, was synthesized with the aim of achieving high sensitivity and anti‐interference for N2H4 detection. The probe XPT consists of coumarin species and naphthalimide species, which act as the energy donor and acceptor, respectively. The phthalimide group functions as the recognition unit for N2H4. Without the presence of hydrazine, the naphthalimide remains in a non‐fluorogenic phthalimide mode, disrupting the FRET signal. However, the phthalimide group undergoes the Gabriel reaction to an amine, which induces FRET and consequently causes a shift in the emitted fluorescence from 468 to 528 nm when N2H4 was added. The results of the study demonstrated that XPT exhibits high sensitivity with a limit of detection 2.2 μM, as well as selectivity. Furthermore, it is remarkable that the distribution of N2H4 in real water samples can be monitored by XPT.
Parenting the parents: A phenomenological study of parentified adolescents in Pakistan
Authors: Irfan Rabeea , Saleem Sadia , Zahra Sayyeda Taskeen , Jabeen Ayesha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe current study aimed to explore the experience, expression and manifestation of parentification among adolescents experiencing parental discord in Pakistan. Interpretative phenomenological analysis design (IPA) was used for the study, and purposive sampling strategy was employed. The sample included eight boys and girls of class 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th of government secondary and higher secondary schools of Lahore, Pakistan, and they were selected by non‐probability purposive sampling. The mean age of the participants was 16.37 and SD was 1.11. In depth, interviews were conducted with each participant. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed, and IPA analysis was used for data analysis and interpretation. Three group experiential themes were identified: functional maturation, emotional ramifications and stifling self. The responses revealed that parentified adolescents were assumed accountable for a wide range of responsibilities, including financial contribution, managing household, maintaining familial relationships as well as bringing up younger siblings. This study will help understand the indigenous experience of parentification of Pakistani adolescents, and it will facilitate further elaboration of understanding the nature of the common practice of parentification, as well as its impact upon the adolescents.
Optogenetic Tools for Regulating RNA Metabolism and Functions
Authors: Zheng Ru , Xue Zhaolin , You Mingxu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRNA molecules play a vital role in linking genetic information with various cellular processes. In recent years, a variety of optogenetic tools have been engineered for regulating cellular RNA metabolism and functions. These highly desirable tools can offer non‐intrusive control with spatial precision, remote operation, and biocompatibility. Here, we would like to review these currently available approaches that can regulate RNAs with light: from non‐genetically encodable chemically modified oligonucleotides to genetically encoded RNA aptamers that recognize photosensitive small‐molecule or protein ligands. Some key applications of these optogenetic tools will also be highlighted to illustrate how they have been used for regulating all aspects of the RNA life cycle: from RNA synthesis, maturation, modification, and translation to their degradation, localization, and phase separation control. Some current challenges and potential practical utilizations of these RNA optogenetic tools will also be discussed.
Radical Ring‐Opening Polymerization of N‐(Malonyloxy)phthalimide‐Functionalized Vinylcyclopropane: Tuning Material Property via Selective Decarboxylation†
Authors: Li Si‐Qi , Li Ke , Chen Dian‐Feng 
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive SummaryPost‐polymerization modification provides an important approach to tuning the material properties of obtained polymers. In this work, we demonstrated a rational design of novel vinylcyclopropane monomer bearing a pendant N‐hydroxylphthalimide redox ester, and explored its radical ring‐opening polymerization behavior under visible‐light conditions. Photochemical decarboxylation of resulted polymer provided unique access to poly(vinylcyclopropane) bearing single ester group in each repeating unit. This decarboxylative modification has greatly reshaped the thermal and mechanical properties, converting a glassy polymer into a soft, ductile, and rubber‐like material.