bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of tigecycline shows that it may be an option for children with severe infections
Authors: Zhu Zheng‐Yi , Yang Ju‐Fei , Ni Ying‐Hua , Ye Wei‐Feng , Wang Jue , Wu Miao‐Lian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThis study assessed the efficacy and safety of tigecycline in children with life‐threatening infections.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients treated with tigecycline from June 2012 to May 2014 in a Chinese tertiary centre.ResultsThe study comprised 24 patients (14 male) with a median age of four years (range, 50 days–12 years). The most frequently isolated microorganism, most common isolation site and type of infection were Acinetobacter baumannii, tracheal aspirate fluid and ventilator‐associated pneumonia, respectively. Tigecycline was administered at a loading dose of 1.5 or 2.0 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg every 12 hours after that. The average duration of treatment was 11.6 ± 5.8 days. The clinical response and microbiological eradication rate were 37.5% and 29.2%, respectively. Six of the patients we studied (25.0%) died, and three of these deaths were considered to be infection related. Adverse drug reactions were identified in four patients (16.7%) during the treatment, including abnormal liver function, prolonged prothrombin time and diarrhoea.ConclusionOur findings suggest that tigecycline may be an option for children with severe infections. However, more prospective, controlled trials are required to objectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of tigecycline in children.
Thiol/disulphide homeostasis in Bell's palsy as a novel pathogenetic marker
Authors: Babademez M.A. , Gul F. , Kale H. , Muderris T. , Bayazit Y. , Ergin M. , Erel O. , Kiris M. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Bell's palsy and a novel oxidative stress parameter, thiol/disulphide homeostasis.DesignA prospective study evaluating oxidative stress in Bell's palsy.SettingThis research took place in the department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital.ParticipantsTotally, 77 patients with Bell's palsy and 38 healthy controls were included in this study.Main outcome measuresThe blood levels of total and native thiol and disulphide activity were assessed, and their levels were compared in the patients and controls.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between the patients and controls regarding thiol/disulphide parameters. The mean native thiol and total thiol were significantly lower and disulphide levels were higher in the Bell's palsy than controls. On binary logistic regression analysis, the created model showed 45.3% variation. The cut‐off value was 18.95 for disulphides.ConclusionNative and total thiol levels were low in the Bell's palsy. This metabolic disturbance may have a role in the pathogenesis of Bell's palsy.
Is it time to rethink the rule of total mesorectal excision? A prospective radiological and pathological study in 49 consecutive patients with mid‐rectal cancer
Authors: Guedj N. , Zappa M. , Maggiori L. , Bertin C. , Hennequin C. , Panis Y. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimTotal mesorectal excision (TME) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for T3–T4 and/or N+ mid‐rectal tumours, regardless of the exact tumour level. This leads to optimal oncological results but possible impaired functional results. Reducing rectal excision could reduce the functional drawbacks. This study prospectively assessed the risk of N+ or other mesorectal tumour deposit (OTD) below the tumour level by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed after chemoradiotherapy and pathological examination of the TME specimen.MethodConsecutive patients with mid‐rectal cancer who underwent TME after chemoradiotherapy were included. A prospective evaluation by postchemoradiotherapy MRI and pathological examination was performed to assess the location of N+ nodes and/or OTDs.ResultsOf 49 consecutive patients, 27 (55%) presented with nodes on postchemoradiotherapy MRI. However, only 12 nodes (size 2–4 mm) in 9 patients (18%) were under the tumour level. On pathological examination, 717 total lymph nodes were found, with 37 N+ and 22 OTD. According to the tumour level: (i) above tumour level, 21/453 nodes were N+ and 6 OTD; (ii) at tumour level, 16/166 nodes were N+ and 15 OTD; (iii) below tumour level, 0/98 nodes (0%) was N+ and only 1 OTD (2%) was noted at 2 cm below tumour level.ConclusionAfter chemoradiotherapy, N+ and/or OTD located under the level of the rectal cancer seems to be a very rare event. A postchemoradiotherapy MRI could help detect such patients. For others patients, conservation of the lower rectum with only a subtotal mesorectal excision could possibly improve function.
Consequences of simulated car driving at constant high speed on the sensorimotor control of leg muscles and the braking response
Authors: Jammes Yves , Behr Michel , Weber Jean P. , Berdah Stephane 
Published: July 2016

SummaryDue to the increase in time spent seated in cars, there is a risk of fatigue of the leg muscles which adjust the force exerted on the accelerator pedal. Any change in their sensorimotor control could lengthen the response to emergency braking. Fourteen healthy male subjects (mean age: 42 ± 4 years) were explored. Before and after a 1‐h driving trial at 120 km h−1, we measured the braking response, the maximal leg extension and foot inversion forces, the tonic vibratory response (TVR) in gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles to explore the myotatic reflex, and the Hoffmann reflex (H‐reflex). During driving, surface electromyograms (EMGs) of GM and TA were recorded and the ratio between high (H) and low (L) EMG energies allowed to evaluate the recruitment of high‐ and low‐frequency motor unit discharges. During driving, the H/L ratio decreased in TA, whereas modest and often no significant H/L changes occurred in GM muscle. After driving, the maximal foot inversion force decreased (−19%), while the leg extension force did not vary. Reduced TVR amplitude (−29%) was measured in TA, but no H‐reflex changes were noted. The braking reaction time was not modified after the driving trial. Driving at constant elevated speed reduced the myotatic reflex and the recruitment of motor units in TA muscle. The corresponding changes were rarely present in the GM muscle that plays a key role in the braking response, and this could explain the absence of a reduced braking reaction time.
The preservative effect of Thai propolis extract on the viability of human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Prueksakorn Attaporn , Puasiri Subin , Ruangsri Supanigar , Makeudom Anupong , Sastraruji Thanapat , Krisanaprakornkit Suttichai , Chailertvanitkul Pattama 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground/AimTooth avulsion causes an injury to the periodontal ligament (PDL). The success of tooth replantation depends on the quantity and quality of PDL cells. The aim of this study was to examine the preservative and proliferative effects of Thai propolis extract, previously shown to exert anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities, on human PDL cells.Materials and methodsNinety‐six premolars were left to air dry for 30 min and stored in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), milk, or various concentrations of propolis extract from 0.25 to 10 mg ml−1 for 3 h. PDL cells were isolated by collagenase and trypsin digestion, and their viability was determined by a trypan blue dye exclusion assay. PDL tissues were also scraped off the root surface and cultured to determine cell growth and morphology. The alamarBlue® and BrdU assays were performed to determine the cytotoxic and proliferative effects of the extract on cultured PDL cells, respectively.ResultsA non‐toxic dose of 2.5 mg ml−1 of propolis extract yielded the greatest percentage of cell viability (78.84 ± 3.34%), which was significantly higher than those of the other concentrations (P < 0.001). Nevertheless, this percentage was not significantly different from that of HBSS (80.14 ± 2.44%; P = 1.00), but was significantly higher than that of milk (71.27 ± 2.79%; P < 0.001). The cells grown from PDL explants looked like fibroblasts. However, 2.5 mg ml−1 of the extract did not induce PDL cell proliferation.ConclusionThai propolis extract at 2.5 mg ml−1 appears to be the most effective dose for preserving the viability of PDL cells, and this was comparable to HBSS.
Smartphone App as an aid in the emergency management of avulsed teeth
Authors: Al‐Musawi Ala , Al‐Sane Mona , Andersson Lars 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground/AimThe initial response by bystanders to an avulsed tooth is a significant factor that can affect its survival and long‐term outcome. This study was to assess the knowledge of emergency management of tooth avulsion in a group of schoolteachers and to compare the effects of three different educational interventions.MethodsBaseline knowledge was assessed using a questionnaire developed for this study. The same questionnaire was used to test changes in the knowledge level following each educational intervention. A convenience sample of elementary and intermediate school teachers (n = 87) participated in this study. Teachers were divided into three groups: Group 1 (Lecture only) was given a 30‐min lecture on the emergency management of tooth avulsion. Their knowledge was assessed immediately after the lecture. Group 2 (Lecture and App), the same lecture was given, but participants also had access to a smartphone App, Dental Trauma App (Dental Trauma AB, Linköping, Sweden), when assessed on their knowledge after the lecture. Group 3 (App), this group was only given the smartphone App to explore and had access to that when being assessed.ResultsAll three interventions increased the knowledge of tooth avulsion management. A marked increase in the knowledge, regardless of the type of intervention, was observed in the following areas: handling the tooth on the ground (16–96.8%); holding the tooth while being cleansed (19.1–62.5%); and on the best storage medium (10.1–59.3%). Participants using the App only had a significantly higher mean score than participants receiving the lecture only (group 3; P = 0.019) and participants subjected to both Lecture and App (group 1; P = 0.000).ConclusionThe Dental Trauma App alone is an effective means of providing accessible knowledge to guide laypeople in managing tooth avulsion, and it can be superior to a lecture‐based delivery of information.
Youth mental ill health and secondary school completion in Australia: time to act
Authors: Bowman Siann , McKinstry Carol , McGorry Patrick 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThis paper reviews the evidence of youth mental ill health and its impact on secondary school educational attainment.MethodsThis narrative review presents the current research related to the mental ill health of young people in urban and rural Australia, their educational attainment and the effectiveness of mental health strategies implemented in secondary schools.Results:The prevalence of mental ill health is high for Australian young people and the onset of depression, anxiety, substance‐use disorders and first episode psychosis (FEP) commonly occurs when the individual is at school. The prevalence is reported to be higher for rural young people and barriers to treatment exist. Current evidence suggests that 40% of young people experiencing depression or anxiety disorders are not completing secondary school. Further evidence shows that over 50% of individuals who experience FEP do not finish secondary school. Current mental health promotion strategies employed in secondary schools have not been shown to reduce rates of depression or anxiety in adolescence nor identify prodromal or acute FEP. These strategies have not led to interventions that assist young people with mental ill health to finish school.ConclusionsNot completing secondary school can limit employment options, lead to severe levels of disadvantage and increased burden on welfare and healthcare systems. All young people, including those in rural areas, have the right to education and should not be disadvantaged in their educational aspirations because they have an emerging or current mental illness.
Transient and chronic seizure‐induced inflammation in human focal epilepsy
Authors: Butler Tracy , Li Yi , Tsui Wai , Friedman Daniel , Maoz Anat , Wang Xiuyuan , Harvey Patrick , Tanzi Emily , Morim Simon , Kang Yeona , Mosconi Lisa , Talos Delia , Kuzniecky Ruben , Vallhabjosula Shankar , Thesen Thomas , Glodzik Lidia , Ichise Masanori , Silbersweig David , Stern Emily , de Leon Mony J. , French Jacqueline 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn animal models, inflammation is both a cause and consequence of seizures. Less is known about the role of inflammation in human epilepsy. We performed positron emission tomography (PET) using a radiotracer sensitive to brain inflammation in a patient with frontal epilepsy ~36 h after a seizure as well as during a seizure‐free period. When statistically compared to a group of 12 matched controls, both of the patient's scans identified a frontal (supplementary motor area) region of increased inflammation corresponding to his clinically defined seizure focus, but the postseizure scan showed significantly greater inflammation intensity and spatial extent. These results provide new information about transient and chronic neuroinflammation in human epilepsy and may be relevant to understanding the process of epileptogenesis and guiding therapy.
Dietary diversity decreases the risk of cognitive decline among Japanese older adults
Authors: Otsuka Rei , Nishita Yukiko , Tange Chikako , Tomida Makiko , Kato Yuki , Nakamoto Mariko , Imai Tomoko , Ando Fujiko , Shimokata Hiroshi 
Published: July 2016

AimTo clarify the effectiveness of dietary diversity, calculated by dietary records, on cognitive decline.MethodsData were derived from the National Institute for Longevity Sciences – Longitudinal Study of Aging. Participants comprised 298 men and 272 women aged 60–81 years at baseline (second wave) who participated in the follow‐up study (third to seventh wave) at least once. Cognitive function was assessed with the Mini‐Mental State Examination in all study waves. Dietary diversity was determined using the Quantitative Index for Dietary Diversity based on a 3‐day dietary record in the second wave. Cumulative data among participants with a Mini‐Mental State Examination score >27 in the second wave were analyzed using a generalized estimating equation. Multivariate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for Mini‐Mental State Examination scores ≤27 in each study wave according to a 1 standard deviation (increase), or quartiles of the Quantitative Index for Dietary Diversity at baseline, were adjusted for sex, age, follow‐up time, baseline Mini‐Mental State Examination score, education, body mass index, annual household income, current smoking status, energy intake and disease history.ResultsMultivariate adjusted odds ratio for a decline in Mini‐Mental State Examination score was 0.79 (95% CI 0.70–0.89; P < 0.001) with a 1 SD increase in dietary diversity score, or 1.00 (reference), 0.99 (95% CI 0.70–1.43), 0.68 (95% CI 0.46–0.99) and 0.56 (95% CI 0.38–0.83) according to the lowest through highest quartiles of dietary diversity score, respectively (trend P = 0.001).ConclusionsDaily intake of various kinds of food might be a protective factor against cognitive decline in community‐dwelling Japanese older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 937–944.
Methotrexate induced pneumatosis intestinalis under hemodialysis patient
Authors: Mima Akira , Nagahara Dai , Tansho Kosuke 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is a rare disorder characterized by the gas within the intestinal mucosa. This is the first report methotrexate (MTX) induced PI under hemodialysis (HD) patient. A 46‐year‐old man suffered rheumatoid arthritis and underwent HD at local HD center. After the initial induction of MTX, the patient showed epigastralgia and diarrhea. He was referred to our hospital and abdominal computed tomography showed significant large intestinal edema and free intraperitoneal air consistent with PI. Physicians should aware that MTX is contraindication drug for chronic kidney disease and high‐flux HD may decrease MTX toxicity and oxidative stress, improving PI.
Human biliary tree stem/progenitor cells immunomodulation: Role of hepatocyte growth factor
Authors: Maraldi Tullia , Guida Marianna , Beretti Francesca , Resca Elisa , Carpino Guido , Cardinale Vincenzo , Gentile Raffaele , Ardizzoni Andrea , Murgia Alba , Alvaro Domenico , Gaudio Eugenio , De Pol Anto 
Published: July 2016

AimHuman biliary tree stem/progenitor cells (hBTSC) are multipotent epithelial stem cells with the potential for allogenic transplant in liver, biliary tree, and pancreatic diseases. Human mesenchymal stem cells, but also epithelial stem cells, are able to modulate immune responses with different types of secretion molecules.MethodsThe initial aim of the present study was to develop for the first time a culture protocol in order to expand hBTSC in vitro through passages, allowing to maintain a similar stem cell and secretome profile. Furthermore, we investigated the secretome profile of the hBTSC to assess the production of molecules capable of affecting immune feedback.ResultsWe found that hepatocyte growth factor produced by hBTSC exerts its cytoprotective role inducing apoptosis in human immune cells, such as lymphocytes.ConclusionsThe present study, therefore, supports the hypothesis that hBTSC can be useful for the purpose of regenerative medicine, as they can be banked and expanded, and they can secrete immunoregulatory factors.
HIV information needs of parents of young men who have sex with men
Authors: Rose India D. , Friedman Daniela B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveYoung men who have sex with men (YMSM) have unique health concerns, including high rates of HIV infection. To prevent HIV, YMSM need credible information from trusted sources, specifically parents. Little is known about what health information resources parents of YMSM need to communicate with their child about HIV prevention. The primary objective of this study was to examine the proxy health information seeking behaviours of parents of YMSM and to identify information resources that parents need to communicate with their YMSM identified child about HIV prevention.MethodsQualitative findings were grouped into four categories: parents’ current health information sources; barriers to seeking health information; parents’ health information needs; and recommendations for delivery of health information for parents. Ten in‐depth interviews were conducted with parents of YMSM.ResultsParents reported consulting physicians and the Internet for HIV/AIDS information. They reported finding limited information targeted towards parents of YMSM and provided suggestions for improving the delivery of health information including training, websites and the local news.ConclusionsDelivery of tailored HIV prevention information to parents may be effective in helping combat HIV among YMSM. Given that YMSM bear the greatest burden for HIV, this study highlights the need to include parents of YMSM in future interventions aimed at reducing YMSM's risk of HIV/AIDS.
Atypical Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 fluorescence in‐situ hybridization signal patterns in bone and soft tissue tumours: diagnostic experience with 135 cases
Authors: Vargas A Cristina , Selinger Christina I , Satgunaseelan Laveniya , Cooper Wendy A , Gupta Ruta , Stalley Paul , Brown Wendy , Soper Judy , Schatz Julie , Boyle Richard , Thomas David M , Tattersall Martin H N , Bhadri Vivek A , Maclean Fiona , Bonar S Fiona , Scolyer Richard A , Karim Rooshdiya Z , McCarthy Stanley W , Mahar Annabelle , O'Toole Sandra A 
Published: July 2016

AimsRecurrent Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) gene rearrangements characterize a select group of bone and soft tissue tumours. In our routine diagnostic practice with fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH), we have occasionally observed EWSR1 gene rearrangements in tumours not associated classically with EWSR1 translocations. This study aimed to review our institutional experience of this phenomenon and also to highlight the occurrence of unusual EWSR1 FISH signals (i.e. 5′ centromeric region or 3′ telomeric region signals) that do not fulfil the published diagnostic criteria for rearrangements.Methods and resultsUsing an EWSR1 break‐apart probe, we performed FISH assays on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue sections from 135 bone and soft tissue specimens as part of their routine diagnostic work‐up. EWSR1 gene rearrangements were identified in 51% of cases, 56% of which also showed an abnormal FISH signal pattern (in addition to classically rearranged signals). However, atypical FISH signals were present in 45% of the non‐rearranged cases. In addition, we observed tumours unrelated to those described classically as EWSR1‐associated that were technically EWSR1‐rearranged in 6% of cases. Borderline levels of rearrangement (affecting 10–30% of lesional cells) were present in an additional 17% of these cases.ConclusionsWhile our study confirmed that FISH is a sensitive and specific tool in the diagnosis of EWSR1‐associated tumours, atypical FISH signals and classical rearrangement in entities other than EWSR1‐associated tumours can occur. Therefore, it is essential that the FISH result not be used as an isolated test, but must be evaluated in the context of clinical features, imaging, pathological and immunohistochemical findings.
Species trait selection along a prescribed fire chronosequence
Authors: Bargmann Tessa , Heegaard Einar , Hatteland Bjørn Arild , Chipperfield Joseph Daniel , Grytnes John‐Arvid 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Fire is a widespread management practice used in the maintenance of European heathland. Frequent prescribed burns in small patches have been shown to benefit carabid communities; however, how fire favours specific life‐history traits is poorly understood.

In this study, we identify characteristic species of the successional stages within heathlands, and find the traits which are characteristic of species in burnt areas versus areas dominated by older heath stands.

We identify 10 species as indicator species for heathland in the pioneer stage (0–5 years old); Amara lunicollis, Bembidion lampros, Calathus fuscipes, Carabus problematicus, Cicindela campestris, Nebria salina, Notiophilus aquaticus, Poecilus cupreus, P. lepidus and P. versicolor. Dyschirius globosus is identified as an indicator for the building stage (6–14 years old), and Carabus violaceus as an indicator for the mature stage (15–25 years old).

Moisture preference and diet are identified as traits that determine species response to prescribed fire. Collembolan specialists and species with no moisture preference are shown to be most abundant in burnt patches, whereas generalist predators and species with a high moisture preference are less tolerant of fire.

Knowledge of species sorting along a prescribed fire gradient can provide valuable information for heathland conservation.