bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effects of hybridization of carbon black and carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of a rubber blend system
Authors: Yin Biao , Wen Yanwei , Jia Hongbing , Wang Jingyi , Xu Zhaodong , Ding Lifeng 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The effects of hybridization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with carbon black (CB) and the structure-property relationships of nanocomposites based on hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber/hydrogenated carboxylated nitrile-butadiene rubber blends were extensively studied. MWCNTs used in this work were modified through acid treatment to improve the dispersion of MWCNTs in the rubber matrix and the surface interaction between MWCNTs and matrix. Synergistic interaction between CB and MWCNTs increased the tensile modulus and tear strength of nanocomposites. The effect of MWCNTs on the transport properties invoked an increment in the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites. A combination of 10 phr (parts per hundred rubber) MWCNTs with 40 phr CB dramatically increased the modulus at 100% elongation, tear strength, and thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite by 66%, 28%, and 36%, respectively, compared with those of nanocomposite filled with 40 phr CB.
Evolution of heavy ions (He2+, H+) radiolytic yield of molecular hydrogen vs. “Track-Segment” LET values
Authors: Crumière Francis , Vandenborre Johan , Blain Guillaume , Haddad Ferid , Fattahi Massoud 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Ionizing radiation’s effects onto water molecules lead to the ionization and/or the excitation of them. Then, these phenomena are followed by the formation of radicals and molecular products. The linear energy transfer (LET), which defines the energy deposition density along the radiation length, is different according to the nature of ionizing particles. Thus, the values of radiolytic yields, defined as the number of radical and molecular products formed or consumed by unit of deposited energy, evolve according to this parameter. This work consists in following the evolution of radiolytic yield of molecular hydrogen and ferric ions according to the “Track-Segment” LET of ionizing particles (protons, helions). Concerning G(Fe3+) values, it seems that the energy deposited into the Bragg peak does not play the main role for the Fe3+ radiolytic formation, whereas for the G(H2) it is the case with a component around 40% of the Bragg peak in the dihydrogen production. Therefore, as main results of this work, for high energetic Helion and Proton beams, the G(Fe3+) values, which can be used for further dosimetry studies for example during the α radiolysis experiments, and the primary g(H2) values for the Track-Segment LET, which can be used to determine the dihydrogen production by α-emitters, are published.
Alexithymia and automatic processing of emotional stimuli: a systematic review
Authors: Donges Uta-Susan , Suslow Thomas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlexithymia is a personality trait characterized by difficulties in recognizing and verbalizing emotions and the utilization of a cognitive style that is oriented toward external events, rather than intrapsychic experiences. Alexithymia is considered a vulnerability factor influencing onset and course of many psychiatric disorders. Even though emotions are, in general, elicited involuntarily and emerge without conscious effort, it is surprising that little attention in etiological considerations concerning alexithymia has been given to deficits in automatic emotion processing and their neurobiological bases. In this article, results from studies using behavioral or neurobiological research methods were systematically reviewed in which automatic processing of external emotional information was investigated as a function of alexithymia in healthy individuals. Twenty-two studies were identified through a literature search of Psycinfo, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from 1990 to 2016. The review reveals deficits in the automatic processing of emotional stimuli in alexithymia at a behavioral and neurobiological level. The vast majority of the reviewed studies examined visual processing. The alexithymia facets externally oriented thinking and difficulties identifying feelings were found to be related to impairments in the automatic processing of threat-related facial expressions. Alexithymic individuals manifest low reactivity to barely visible negative emotional stimuli in brain regions responsible for appraisal, encoding, and affective response, e.g. amygdala, occipitotemporal areas, and insula. Against this background, it appears plausible to assume that deficits in automatic emotion processing could be factors contributing to alexithymic personality characteristics. Directions for future research on alexithymia and automatic emotion perception are suggested.
Quantitative EEG in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a review of the literature
Authors: Puskás Szilvia , Kozák Norbert , Sulina Dóra , Csiba László , Magyar Mária Tünde 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by the recurrent cessation (apnea) or reduction (hypopnea) of airflow due to the partial or complete upper airway collapse during sleep. Respiratory disturbances causing sleep fragmentation and repetitive nocturnal hypoxia are responsible for a variety of nocturnal and daytime complaints of sleep apnea patients, such as snoring, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, or impaired cognitive functions. Different techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and positron emission tomography, are used to evaluate the structural and functional changes in OSAS patients. With quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) analysis, the possible existence of alterations in the brain electrical activity of OSAS patients can be investigated. We review the articles on qEEG results of sleep apnea patients and summarize the possible explanations of these qEEG measures. Finally, we review the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on these alterations to assess whether CPAP use can eliminate alterations in the brain activity of OSAS patients.
Aircraft Engine Thrust Estimator Design Based on GSA-LSSVM
Authors: Sheng Hanlin , Zhang Tianhong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn view of the necessity of highly precise and reliable thrust estimator to achieve direct thrust control of aircraft engine, based on support vector regression (SVR), as well as least square support vector machine (LSSVM) and a new optimization algorithm – gravitational search algorithm (GSA), by performing integrated modelling and parameter optimization, a GSA-LSSVM-based thrust estimator design solution is proposed. The results show that compared to particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, GSA can find unknown optimization parameter better and enables the model developed with better prediction and generalization ability. The model can better predict aircraft engine thrust and thus fulfills the need of direct thrust control of aircraft engine.
Acute Effects of Stretching on Leg and Vertical Stiffness During Treadmill Running
Authors: Pappas Panagiotis T. , Paradisis Giorgos P. , Exell Timothy A. , Smirniotou Athanasia S. , Tsolakis Charilaos K. , Arampatzis Adamantios 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Pappas, PT, Paradisis, GP, Exell, TA, Smirniotou, AS, Tsolakis, CK, and Arampatzis, A. Acute effects of stretching on leg and vertical stiffness during treadmill running. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3417–3424, 2017—The implementation of static (SS) and dynamic (DS) stretching during warm-up routines produces significant changes in biological and functional properties of the human musculoskeletal system. These properties could affect the leg and vertical stiffness characteristics that are considered important factors for the success of athletic activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of SS and DS on selected kinematic variables, and leg and vertical stiffness during treadmill running. Fourteen men (age: 22.58 ± 1.05 years, height: 1.77 ± 0.05 m, body mass: 72.74 ± 10.04 kg) performed 30-second running bouts at 4.44 m·s−1, under 3 different stretching conditions (SS, DS, and no stretching). The total duration in each stretching condition was 6 minutes, and each of the 4 muscle groups was stretched for 40 seconds. Leg and vertical stiffness values were calculated using the “sine wave” method, with no significant differences in stiffness found between stretching conditions. After DS, vertical ground reaction force increased by 1.7% (p < 0.05), which resulted in significant (p < 0.05) increases in flight time (5.8%), step length (2.2%), and vertical displacement of the center of mass (4.5%) and a decrease in step rate (2.2%). Practical durations of SS and DS stretching did not influence leg or vertical stiffness during treadmill running. However, DS seems to result in a small increase in lower-limb force production which may influence running mechanics.
Does the Superior Colliculus Control Perceptual Sensitivity or Choice Bias during Attention? Evidence from a Multialternative Decision Framework
Authors: Sridharan Devarajan , Steinmetz Nicholas A. , Moore Tirin , Knudsen Eric I. 
Published: January 2017

Distinct networks in the forebrain and the midbrain coordinate to control spatial attention. The critical involvement of the superior colliculus (SC)—the central structure in the midbrain network—in visuospatial attention has been shown by four seminal, published studies in monkeys (Macaca mulatta) performing multialternative tasks. However, due to the lack of a mechanistic framework for interpreting behavioral data in such tasks, the nature of the SC's contribution to attention remains unclear. Here we present and validate a novel decision framework for analyzing behavioral data in multialternative attention tasks. We apply this framework to re-examine the behavioral evidence from these published studies. Our model is a multidimensional extension to signal detection theory that distinguishes between two major classes of attentional mechanisms: those that alter the quality of sensory information or “sensitivity,” and those that alter the selective gating of sensory information or “choice bias.” Model-based simulations and model-based analyses of data from these published studies revealed a converging pattern of results that indicated that choice-bias changes, rather than sensitivity changes, were the primary outcome of SC manipulation. Our results suggest that the SC contributes to attentional performance predominantly by generating a spatial choice bias for stimuli at a selected location, and that this bias operates downstream of forebrain mechanisms that enhance sensitivity. The findings lead to a testable mechanistic framework of how the midbrain and forebrain networks interact to control spatial attention.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAttention involves the selection of the most relevant information for differential sensory processing and decision making. While the mechanisms by which attention alters sensory encoding (sensitivity control) are well studied, the mechanisms by which attention alters decisional weighting of sensory evidence (choice-bias control) are poorly understood. Here, we introduce a model of multialternative decision making that distinguishes bias from sensitivity effects in attention tasks. With our model, we simulate experimental data from four seminal studies that microstimulated or inactivated a key attention-related midbrain structure, the superior colliculus (SC). We demonstrate that the experimental effects of SC manipulation are entirely consistent with the SC controlling attention by changing choice bias, thereby shedding new light on how the brain mediates attention.
Nutrient sensing and TOR signaling in yeast and mammals
Authors: González Asier , Hall Michael N 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCoordinating cell growth with nutrient availability is critical for cell survival. The evolutionarily conserved TOR (target of rapamycin) controls cell growth in response to nutrients, in particular amino acids. As a central controller of cell growth, mTOR (mammalian TOR) is implicated in several disorders, including cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Here, we review how nutrient availability is sensed and transduced to TOR in budding yeast and mammals. A better understanding of how nutrient availability is transduced to TOR may allow novel strategies in the treatment for mTOR‐related diseases.
Políticas de acceso al financiamiento del micro, pequeño y mediano productor en las cadenas globales de mercancías: crédito e IED
Authors: Díaz Porras Rafael Antonio , Carranza Carlos Francisco 
Published: January 2017

En este artículo se integra la teoría y conceptos del enfoque de análisis de las cadenas globales de mercancías con la teoría y conceptos de la teoría financiera del financiamiento para proponer cambios en materia de derechos de propiedad, legislación comercial, legislación financiera y de supervisión, que permitan a las instituciones financieras crear productos de financiamiento no convencionales para que pequeños productores rurales, pequeños grupos organizados de procesadores y pequeños exportadores tengan acceso al financiamiento o mejoren las condiciones en que lo reciben y así lograr que se integren de manera sostenible a las cadenas globales de mercancías. Aunque ambos enfoques conceptuales se manejan de manera independiente en la literatura, esta se analiza para determinar áreas que apoyen la propuesta de una aproximación al financiamiento desde el punto de vista de las cadenas globales de mercancías, y que la misma se convierta en un nuevo paradigma de tecnología bancaria para los agentes financieros. Se analiza la estructura y los flujos de financiamiento entre agentes de la cadena y entre agentes de la cadena y agentes financieros, nacionales e internacionales, así como el rol de la inversión extranjera directa en el financiamiento de las cadenas globales de mercancías. La propuesta para los agentes financieros de crear nuevos instrumentos de financiamiento en el marco de las cadenas globales de mercancías se construye del análisis de las características de las cadenas, de los agentes productores y de los contratos, comerciales y financieros, que garantizan la recuperación de los recursos prestados.
Producción de Leche de Suiz-Bú, una Raza de Doble Propósito en el Trópico Mexicano
Authors: Hernández-Hernández Nicacia , Martínez-González Juan Carlos , Parra-Bracamonte Gaspar Manuel , González-Reyna Arnoldo , Cienfuegos-Rivas Eugenia Guadalupe , Hernández-Meléndez Javier 
Published: January 2017

<p>El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto de factores ambientales sobre la producción de leche de vacas Suiz-Bú en las condiciones del trópico mexicano. Se analizaron los registros de producción de leche de 728 vacas con información disponible de los años 2012 al 2014. Las vacas se ordeñaban dos veces al día a partir del quinto día posparto y eran alimentadas bajo condiciones de pastoreo y suplementación con concentrado comercial. Las variables producción de leche a 305 días (PL305) y media de producción diaria (MPD) fueron analizadas con un modelo mixto que incluyó efectos de número de lactancia (NL), año de parto (AP), época de parto (EP) y las interacciones simples. El año de parto fue estadísticamente significativo para PL305 y PMD que aquellas que parieron en época seca (p&lt;0.05), y las vacas de primer parto tuvieron una menor PL305 que vacas con dos o tres lactancias (p&lt;0.05). Asimismo, los efectos de las interacciones fueron significativas (p&lt;0.05).</p><p> </p>
Síndrome Reproductivo Respiratorio Porcino: Presentación en el Tiempo y Efecto sobre los Parámetros Productivos y Reproductivos
Authors: Velásquez Vergara Carlomagno , Vega Vilca Jaime , Lucho Cerga Miguel 
Published: January 2017

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la presentación del Síndrome Reproductivo Respiratorio Porcino (PRRS) en el tiempo y determinar el efecto que produce sobre las características productivas y reproductivas. Se evaluó el comportamiento productivo de 210 marranas Camborough 22, que parieron entre 2013 y 2015 en una granja porcina de Lima, Perú. Las características evaluadas fueron el promedio semanal/camada de lechones nacidos (NT), total de lechones nacidos vivos (NV), total de lechones nacidos muertos (NM), peso vivo de los lechones nacidos (PVLN), total de lechones destetados (LD), peso vivo de lechones destetados (PVLD), mortalidad de lechones al destete (MLD), peso vivo de lechones a los 70 días (PVL70) y mortalidad de lechones a los 70 días (ML70). El incremento de los NM superior a los límites normales de las gráficas de control duró 13 semanas, evidenciándose a partir de la semana 95 (cuarta semana octubre 2014) y se prolongó hasta la semana 108 (segunda semana febrero 2015). En el año de la presentación del PRRS, los NM, PVLN y ML70 se incrementaron en 2.3 veces, 6.8% y 13 veces, respectivamente (p&lt;0.05), mientras que el NT, NV, LD, MLD y PVL70 disminuyeron en 16.4, 22.0, 20.5, 44.6 y 11.6%, respectivamente (p&lt;0.05). La menor productividad redujo los ingresos por marrana/año hasta un 35.6%. El PRRS afectó los principales parámetros reproductivos y productivos evaluados hasta los 70 días de edad, generando pérdidas económicas.<br /><p> </p>
Effectiveness and Duration of Protection of One Dose of a Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Authors: Cohn Amanda C. , MacNeil Jessica R. , Harrison Lee H. , Lynfield Ruth , Reingold Arthur , Schaffner William , Zell Elizabeth R. , Plikaytis Brian , Wang Xin , Messonnier Nancy E. ,   for the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) Team and MeningNet Surveillance Partners
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND:
Meningococcal conjugate vaccines were licensed beginning in 2005 on the basis of serologic end points and recommended for use in adolescents. A single dose at age 11 to 12 years was expected to provide protection through late adolescence. We conducted a case-control evaluation of vaccine effectiveness (VE) and duration of protection of a meningococcal (groups A, C, W, and Y) polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-D).

METHODS:
Cases of culture- or polymerase chain reaction-confirmed serogroup A, C, W, and Y meningococcal disease among adolescents were identified through meningococcal disease surveillance sites in the United States from January 1, 2006, through August 31, 2013. Attempts were made to enroll 4 friend and school controls per case. VE was calculated using the generalized estimating equation, controlling for underlying medical conditions and smoking.

RESULTS:
Serogroup C accounted for 88 (49%), serogroup Y 80 (44%), and serogroup W 13 (7%) of enrolled cases. Thirty-six (20%) cases and 87 (44%) controls received MenACWY-D. The overall VE estimate 0 to 8 years postvaccination was 69% (51% to 80%); VE was 79% (49% to 91%) at &lt;1 year, 69% (44% to 83%) at 1 to &lt;3 years, and 61% (25% to 79%) at 3 to &lt;8 years. VE was 77% (57% to 88%) against serogroup C and 51% (1% to 76%) against serogroup Y.

CONCLUSIONS:
MenACWY-D was effective in the first year after vaccination but effectiveness waned 3 to &lt;8 years postvaccination. The estimates of VE from this evaluation informed the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in its decision to add a booster dose of MenACWY.
Beta Adrenoceptor Polymorphism and Clinical Response to Sertraline in Major Depressive Patients
Authors: Firouzabadi Negar , Raeesi Roshanak , Zomorrodian Kamiar , Bahramali Ehsan , Yavarian Ilnaz 
Published: January 2017

Purpose: The adrenoceptor family, as one of the main contributors in regulating the noradrenergic system, has been studied in involvement of depression and its treatment. A functional polymorphism of G1165C on beta adrenoceptor (βAR) enhances post receptor signalling and is assumed to be involved in pharmacotherapy of depression. The aim of the present study was to discern the influence of G1165C polymorphism in the β1AR gene on individual differences in response to sertraline. Methods: One hundred newly diagnosed patients completed 6 weeks of sertraline treatment. Response to treatment was defined as a 50% decrease in Hamilton Rating Scale for depression (HRSD). Results: The patients who carried CC genotype responded five times more to sertraline comparing with other variants (P=0.005; OR=5.7; 95%CI=1.4-23.9). Moreover, carriers of C allele responded three times more to sertraline than patients with the G allele (P=0.001; OR= 3.3; 95%CI= 1.72-6.50). Conclusion: In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that genetic variation of β1AR might influence clinical response to sertraline. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Identificación de las ideas de negocio para la creación de empresa en la población desplazada de Florencia, Colombia
Authors: Garrido-Hurtado Dora Lilia , Valderrama-Cardona Enna Alexandra 
Published: January 2017

El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar las ideas de negocio en la población desplazada en la ciudad de Florencia, Colombia, como insumo fundamental para la generación de emprendimientos viables. Se trabajó con 56 personas del conjunto residencial la Bocana de Florencia - Caquetá. De los cuales el 32% son hombres y el 68% mujeres. Se aplicó una encuesta que permitió conocer las ideas de negocio, así como las acciones que han realizado para ponerlas en marcha. Los resultados permiten evidenciar que el 75% de los encuestados han pensado en crear una idea de negocio. Las ideas de negocio más relevantes son: modistería, tienda y artesanías, las cuales están en concordancia con la conformación de los hogares, ya que éstos son monoparentales encabezados por mujeres. Igualmente, las ideas de negocio se relacionan con la dinámica mercantil del municipio, donde el comercio constituye una parte fundamental de su economía, seguida por la pequeña industria que trabaja la guadua, madera y artesanías indígenas. En este sentido, es pertinente utilizar el plan de negocios como herramienta que permita la generación de empresas viables, como alternativa para mejorar la situación económica en una población tan vulnerable como los desplazados.
The BRICS on climate change global governance
Authors: Rinaldi Augusto Leal , Martuscelli Patrícia Nabuco 
Published: January 2017

This article aims at assessing the evolution of BRICS’ positions on climate change global governance. We discuss the implications of that positioning for the role of the group on that theme. From the analysis of the main regimes and agreements, we argue that although there is a disposition to act in multilateral forums, they face a series of constraints that makes difficult for them to adopt a common ground. Este artigo objetiva avaliar a evolução da posição do BRICS na governança global sobre mudança climática. Discute-se as implicações desse posicionamento para o papel do grupo neste tema. A partir da análise dos principais regimes e acordos, argumentamos que embora haja a disposição de agir nos fóruns multilaterais, eles enfrentam uma série de constrangimentos que dificultam a adoção de uma posição comum.