bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streamflow response to clear‐cut logging on British Columbia's Okanagan Plateau
Authors: Winkler Rita , Spittlehouse Dave , Boon Sarah 
Published: January 2017

The Upper Penticton Creek watershed experiment has collected 28 years of streamflow data from 2 small snow‐dominated watersheds on the Okanagan Plateau of British Columbia, where the effects of timber harvesting on streamflow regime are of broad concern. We apply 3 empirical analysis techniques to these data to evaluate changes in streamflow regime following clear‐cut logging of 47% of the 241 Creek watershed, with the adjacent 240 Creek watershed serving as an unlogged control.While logging had only a small effect on annual yield (5% increase), the results of all 3 analysis techniques confirmed a dramatic change in the timing and magnitude of April through June streamflow. A paired watershed analysis showed that during the first 7 years post‐logging, average April and May water yield increased by 29% and 19%, respectively, while June and July water yield decreased by 23% and 17%, respectively. This pattern of change was confirmed by significant increases in standardised April–May monthly total water yield. Changes in the daily flow duration curves for each month also show a 67% increase in daily yields exceeded ≤10% of the time in April and a 15% increase in May. Daily yields exceeded ≤10% of the time decreased by 24% in June and 17% in July. These streamflow shifts increase the risk of channel destabilization and damage to aquatic habitat during the snowmelt season, and water shortages in the Okanagan region early in the irrigation season (June through July).
Climate and herbivore influence on Vaccinium myrtillus over the last 40 years in northwest Lapland, Finland
Authors: Boulanger‐Lapointe Noémie , Järvinen Antero , Partanen Rauni , Herrmann Thora Martina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAnnual fluctuations in the abundance of wild berries have repercussions on animals and humans who depend on this important resource. Although studies have tried to disentangle the effect of climate and herbivores on inter‐annual berry yield, there are still many uncertainties as to which factors are driving productivity. In this research, we evaluated the effect of climate and predation by rodents and moths on the abundance of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) flowers and berries at the Kilpisjärvi Biological Station in northwest Finnish Lapland. The data were collected from 1973 to 2014 in a forest and an alpine site, both undisturbed by human activities. This dataset is unique due to the length of the sampling period, the availability of flower, berry, and rodent abundance data as well as the undisturbed nature of the habitat. Previous summer temperatures, the abundance of rodents, and the presence of a moth outbreak were complementary factors explaining the abundance of flowers. Herbivores had a larger impact on flower production than climate, but both variables were important to understand reproductive effort. Contrary to results from experimental studies, warmer winters did not significantly influence reproductive success. The abundance of fruits was strongly correlated with pollinator activity; the forest site, with a larger pollinator network, had a higher reproductive success and spring conditions were linked to inter‐annual variability in fruit production. Our results illustrate the importance of the location of the population within the species distribution range to understand plant sensitivity to climatic fluctuations with fruit production only influenced by current‐year summer temperatures at the alpine site. Finally, we observed a general increase in flower and fruit production at the alpine site, which was driven by large yields since the early 1990s. Fruit production at the forest site was comparatively stable throughout the study period.
Modernizing Water Quality Criteria in the United States: A Need to Expand the Definition of Acceptable Data
Authors: Buchwalter David B. , Clements William H. , Luoma Samuel N. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

The development of water quality criteria (WQC) for the protection of aquatic life is a fundamental component of the Clean Water Act—the primary US legislation responsible for protecting aquatic ecosystems from pollution. Water quality criteria define acceptable levels of contamination in the environment and thus play an important role in society. Rules for how science is used to develop WQC were created in 1985. Most rely on only data and knowledge obtained through a single methodology, the single-species laboratory toxicity test. Since 1985, understanding of the fate and effects of environmental contaminants has advanced markedly from multiple perspectives and disciplines. However, many of these advances are routinely discarded in WQC development because they do not adhere to data limits imposed by the 1985 guidelines. The present Focus article outlines how multiple lines of inquiry have played important roles in improving understanding of the ecological implications of environmental contaminants. The authors focus on gains in understanding that would not have been possible through traditional toxicity bioassays alone and argue that more robust scientific understanding can be used to modernize WQC development. In particular, the present article highlights ways to increase the relevance of toxicity testing (at different spatiotemporal scales) and incorporate all relevant lines of evidence into WQC modernization. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:285–291. © 2017 SETAC
Quantifying the variability of scene‐selective regions: Interindividual, interhemispheric, and sex differences
Authors: Zhen Zonglei , Kong Xiang‐Zhen , Huang Lijie , Yang Zetian , Wang Xu , Hao Xin , Huang Taicheng , Song Yiying , Liu Jia 
Published: January 2017

AbstractScene‐selective regions (SSRs), including the parahippocampal place area (PPA), retrosplenial cortex (RSC), and transverse occipital sulcus (TOS), are among the most widely characterized functional regions in the human brain. However, previous studies have mostly focused on the commonality within each SSR, providing little information on different aspects of their variability. In a large group of healthy adults (N = 202), we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate different aspects of topographical and functional variability within SSRs, including interindividual, interhemispheric, and sex differences. First, the PPA, RSC, and TOS were delineated manually for each individual. We then demonstrated that SSRs showed substantial interindividual variability in both spatial topography and functional selectivity. We further identified consistent interhemispheric differences in the spatial topography of all three SSRs, but distinct interhemispheric differences in scene selectivity. Moreover, we found that all three SSRs showed stronger scene selectivity in men than in women. In summary, our work thoroughly characterized the interindividual, interhemispheric, and sex variability of the SSRs and invites future work on the origin and functional significance of these variabilities. Additionally, we constructed the first probabilistic atlases for the SSRs, which provide the detailed anatomical reference for further investigations of the scene network. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2260–2275, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Age‐associated patterns in gray matter volume, cerebral perfusion and BOLD oscillations in children and adolescents
Authors: Bray Signe 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHealthy brain development involves changes in brain structure and function that are believed to support cognitive maturation. However, understanding how structural changes such as grey matter thinning relate to functional changes is challenging. To gain insight into structure‐function relationships in development, the present study took a data driven approach to define age‐related patterns of variation in gray matter volume (GMV), cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood‐oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal variation (fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations; fALFF) in 59 healthy children aged 7–18 years, and examined relationships between modalities. Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to each modality in parallel, and participant scores for the top components were assessed for age associations. We found that decompositions of CBF, GMV and fALFF all included components for which scores were significantly associated with age. The dominant patterns in GMV and CBF showed significant (GMV) or trend level (CBF) associations with age and a strong spatial overlap, driven by increased signal intensity in default mode network (DMN) regions. GMV, CBF and fALFF additionally showed components accounting for 3–5% of variability with significant age associations. However, these patterns were relatively spatially independent, with small‐to‐moderate overlap between modalities. Independence of age effects was further demonstrated by correlating individual subject maps between modalities: CBF was significantly less correlated with GMV and fALFF in older children relative to younger. These spatially independent effects of age suggest that the parallel decline observed in global GMV and CBF may not reflect spatially synchronized processes. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2398–2407, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Calibration and Sensitivity Analysis of Sahysmod for Modeling Field Soil and Groundwater Salinity Dynamics in Coastal Rainfed Farmland
Authors: Yao Rongjiang , Yang Jingsong , Wu Danhua , Xie Wenping 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUnderstanding water and salt balances in salt‐affected farming areas is becoming increasingly important because of the growing public interest in controlling salinization. An integrated spatial‐agro‐hydro‐salinity model (SahysMod) was used to model field soil and groundwater salinity dynamics in coastal rainfed farmland, and calibration, error analysis, and sensitivity analysis were performed for the SahysMod model. Results indicated that a leaching efficiency ranging between 0.4 and 0.7 in the root zone, hydraulic conductivity of 0.2 m day−1 and leaching efficiency of 1.2 in the aquifer produced model results best matching the measured data. The predicted root zone soil salinity, average groundwater salinity and level data showed agreement with the observed values when using the determined parameters. Leaching efficiency of the root zone, hydraulic conductivity and leaching efficiency of the aquifer were the most sensitive parameters for soil salinity, groundwater table and groundwater salinity, respectively. Soil and groundwater salinity were moderately sensitive to effective porosity of the root zone and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, whereas groundwater level was not sensitive to the leaching efficiency of soil and aquifer. It could be concluded that the SahysMod model can be used as a successful tool to model field water and salt balances in soil and aquifers in a coastal rainfed agroecosystem. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of simulated inflammatory conditions and Fenton chemistry on the electrochemistry of CoCrMo alloy
Authors: Liu Yangping , Gilbert Jeremy L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInflamed conditions may develop in total joint replacement applications and may impact on the corrosion of metallic biomaterials like CoCrMo alloy. The influence of simulated inflammatory (SI) conditions on the corrosion behavior of CoCrMo alloy was investigated. A range of SI solutions, based on phosphate buffered saline with H2O2, HCl, and Fe3+additions, were investigated. Open circuit potential (OCP), corrosion currents and impedance of the oxide film surface were all significantly (p < 0.05) affected by increases in H2O2concentration and decrease of pH. OCP (vs. Ag/AgCl) increased from −0.250 V in PBS solution to 0.355 V and 0.650 V in 30 mMH2O2at pH 7.4 and pH 1 PBS solution. Iron ions (0.1 mM) in PBS solutions with 10 mMH2O2(Fenton chemistry) increased OCP to 0.6 V.Icorrincreased from 0.2 µA/cm2to 14 µA/cm2in SI conditions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed decreased in oxide resistance (Rox,p < 0.05) while capacitance (CPE) increased (p < 0.05) in SI solutions, pH 7.4 (Rox = 5 × 103Ω cm2, CPE = 55 µF/cm2) as well as in Fenton reagent solution (Rox = 3.2 × 104Ω cm2, CPE = 45 µF/cm2) compared to PBS only (Rox = 5 × 105Ω cm2, CPE = 31 µF/cm2). These results indicate the corrosion susceptibility of CoCrMo alloy can be significantly increased by SI solutions, increasing the oxidizing power and decreasing the passivity of the oxide film. Cell‐released chemicals such as H2O2and acid are able to facilitate the corrosion of CoCrMo alloy and demonstrate part of the mechanism of inflammatory cell induced corrosion. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 209–220, 2018.
Synthesis of new cyclic thioureas and evaluation of their metal‐chelating activity, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and carbonic anhydrase inhibition profiles
Authors: Taslimi Parham , Sujayev Afsun , Garibov Emin , Nazarov Nazar , Huyut Zubeyir , Alwasel Saleh H. , Gulçin İlhami 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn the presence of trifluoracetic acid (TFAA), an efficient method for the synthesis of tetra(hexa)hydropyrimidinethione‐carboxylates has been used on the basis of three‐component condensation of thiourea with its different aldehydes and β‐diketones. Some novel cyclic thioureas were synthesized, and their hCA I, hCA II, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors and metal‐chelating properties were evaluated. Ki values of novel synthesized compounds for AChE and BChE are in the range of 51.84–135.96 and 143.96–274.55 nM, respectively. Also, HCA I and II were effectively inhibited by these novel compounds, with Ki values in the range of 404.16–745.13 nM for hCA I and of 434.20–689.57 nM for hCA II, respectively. Additionally, acetazolamide (AZA), clinically used as a CA inhibitor, with a Ki value of 883.68 ± 121.27 nM in hCA I and 1008.66 ± 144.70 nM in hCA II. Also, tacrine inhibited AChE and BChE showed Ki values of 314.63 ± 31.66 and 373.57 ± 75.07 nM, respectively.
Methylglyoxal induces inhibition of growth, accumulation of anthocyanin, and activation of glyoxalase I and II inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hoque Tahsina Sharmin , Uraji Misugi , Hoque Md. Anamul , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Murata Yoshiyuki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMethylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive stress‐related α‐ketoaldehyde and a physiological metabolite of glycolysis, which is accumulated in ample amount under stressful conditions. In the present study, the effect of different doses of MG on growth, anthocyanin production, MG contents, and activities of two types of glyoxalases (glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II) were examined in Arabidopsis seedlings. MG at 0.1 mM dose did not affect seedling growth, anthocyanin accumulation, MG contents, or activities of glyoxalases, whereas MG at 0.5 mM and 1 mM inhibited seedling growth and induced anthocyanin accumulation, MG accumulation, and glyoxalase (both I and II) activation. Therefore, MG can reduce plant growth as a toxic molecule and can stimulate stress responses as a signal molecule under stress conditions.
Benefits of a Psychodynamic Group Therapy (PGT) Model for Treating Veterans With PTSD
Authors: Levi Ofir , Shoval‐Zuckerman Yael , Fruchter Eyal , Bibi Arie , Bar‐Haim Yair , Wald Ilan 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of a treatment model of psychodynamic group therapy (PGT) for combat Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodA total of 158 male Veterans with PTSD (mean age = 30.09 years) were assigned to 15 treatment groups of 7–13 patients each. PGT was a 1‐year therapy, 1.5 hour, once‐a‐week sessions administered in the following stages: group building activities, differentiation of group members, intimacy building, and termination. Levels of PTSD and depression symptoms, functioning, and hope were assessed at pretreatment baseline, posttreatment, and 12‐month follow‐up.ResultsMultilevel modeling analyses indicate that our group therapy is associated with reductions in PTSD and depressive symptoms at posttreatment, and that these effects were maintained at 12‐month follow‐up. The results also showed significantly improved patients' functioning by the end of therapy and at the 12‐month follow‐up point, and that the patients’ hope level had increased.ConclusionThe findings show that our model of psychodynamic group therapy is associated with mental improvements in Veterans with PTSD. However, further randomized controlled trials are recommended to establish the advantages of our therapeutic method compared to other modes of therapy.
The Journey Through and Beyond Mental Health Services in the United Kingdom: A Typology of Parents’ Ways of Managing the Crisis of Their Teenage Child's Depression
Authors: Stapley Emily , Target Mary , Midgley Nick 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveDepression is a common mental illness experienced by young people. Yet we know little about how their parents manage their symptoms at home, and how parents may experience their treatment at child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). Thus, the aim of our study was to create a typology of parents’ experiences over a 2‐year period, beginning with their teenage child's referral to CAMHS in the United Kingdom.MethodA total of 85 semistructured interviews were conducted with one or both parents of 28 adolescents at 3 time points, and qualitatively analyzed using ideal type analysis.ResultsThree distinct types or patterns of parental experience were identified: the learning curve parents, the finding my own solutions parents, the stuck parents.ConclusionThese patterns of parental experience could perhaps provide a basis for clinicians working in CAMHS to reflect on the families that they see and to adapt their ways of working accordingly to best support these families.
Diffusion‐weighted quantitative MRI of pleural abnormalities: Intra‐ and interobserver variability in the apparent diffusion coefficient measurements
Authors: Priola Adriano Massimiliano , Priola Sandro Massimo , Gned Dario , Giraudo Maria Teresa , Brundu Maria , Righi Luisella , Veltri Andrea 
Published: January 2017

PurposeTo assess intra‐ and interobserver variability in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements of pleural abnormalities.Materials and MethodsDiffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 34 patients to characterize pleural abnormalities, with a 1.5T unit at b values of 0/150/500/800 sec/mm2. In two sessions held 3 months apart, on perfusion‐free ADC maps, two independent readers measured the ADC of pleural abnormalities (two readings for each reader in each case) using different methods of region‐of‐interest (ROI) positioning. In three methods, freehand ROIs were drawn within tumor boundaries to encompass the entire lesion on one or more axial slices (whole tumor volume [WTV], three slices observer‐defined [TSOD], single‐slice [SS]), while in two methods one or more ROIs were placed on the more restricted areas (multiple small round ROI [MSR], one small round ROI [OSR]). Measurement variability between readings by each reader (intraobserver repeatability) and between readers in first reading (interobserver repeatability) were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CoV). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare ADC values between the different methods. The measurement time of each case for all methods in first reading was recorded and compared between methods and readers.ResultsAll methods demonstrated good (MSR, OSR) and excellent (WTV, TSOD, SS) intra‐ and interreader agreement, with best and worst repeatability in WTV (lower ICC, 0.977; higher CoV, 3.5%) and OSR (lower ICC, 0.625; higher CoV, 22.8%), respectively. The lower 95% confidence interval of ICC resulted in fair to moderate agreement for OSR (up to 0.379) and in excellent agreement for WTV, TSV, and SS (up to 0.918). ADC values of OSR and MSR were significantly lower compared to other methods (P < 0.001). The OSR and SS required less measurement time (10 and 21/22 sec, respectively) compared to the others (P < 0.0001), while the WTV required the longest measurement time (132/134 sec) (P < 0.0001).ConclusionADC measurements of pleural abnormalities are repeatable. The SS method has excellent repeatability, similar to WTV, but requires significantly less measurement time. Thus, its use should be preferred in clinical practice.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:769–782
2D time‐domain numerical Maxwell/transport modeling for THz distributed gallium nitride transferred electron device
Authors: Dalle Christophe 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe potential of gallium nitride–distributed transferred electron device is theoretically investigated for the realization of terahertz radio frequency (RF) power sources. The device numerical physical modeling relies on a 2D time‐domain electromagnetism/transport simulator. It is based on the coupled solution of the Maxwell and energy‐momentum macroscopic transport equations. The study is focused on the analysis of the device complex internal RF operation. The device technological and geometrical structure is optimized for an RF operation at 1 THz. The time and space, local and functional quantities are analyzed following both electromagnetic and quasi‐electrostatic approaches. We finally conclude on the feasibility of such a device.
GaN‐based emissive microdisplays: A very promising technology for compact, ultra‐high brightness display systems
Authors: Templier François 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHigh‐brightness GaN‐based emissive microdisplays can be fabricated with different approaches that are listed and described. They consist either of hybridizing a GaN LED array on a CMOS circuit or building a monolithic component on a single substrate. Using the hybridization approach, two types of 10‐μm pixel pitch GaN microdisplay prototypes were developed: (1) directly driven, 300 × 252 pixels and (2) active‐matrix, 873 × 500 pixels. Brightness as high as 1 × 106 and 1 × 107 cd/m2 for blue and green arrays, respectively, were reached. GaN‐based emissive microdisplays are suitable for augmented reality systems or head‐up displays, but some challenges remain before they can be put in production.
VFR Tourism and the Tourist Gaze: Overseas Migrant Perceptions of Home
Authors: Huang Wei‐Jue , King Brian , Suntikul Wantanee 
Published: January 2017

AbstractVisiting friends and relatives travellers have personal connections with their homeland, which influence how they gaze upon its people, cultures and landscapes. This study examines the perceptions of children of immigrants towards visiting their ethnic homeland. The tourist gaze provides a theoretical framework to analyse their experiences when navigating dichotomies between home and away and between the self and others during their travels. Findings revealed that rather than gazing at the exotic ‘other’, they are seeking out similarities which allow for a greater connectedness with family and heritage. They also explained problems and issues that they encountered, as a consequence of feeling obliged to defend their homeland. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.