bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) from Aqueous Solutions by Chitosan-halloysite Nanotubes Composite Hydrogel Beads
Authors: Edebali Serpil , Kahraman Havva Tutar , Karakaya Muazzez Celik 
Published: October 2024

Background:
In recent years, low-cost biomaterials have been used for sustainable applications
to reduce the impact of wastewater treatment. The preparation of bio-based materials with a
strong affinity for chromate plays a crucial role in the adsorption process.

Methods:
In this study, chitosan-halloysite nanotubes composite hydrogel beads (Ch-HNTs) were
prepared for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) from aqueous solutions. Ch-HNTs hydrogel
beads were generated by incorporating HNTs into chitosan using a glutaraldehyde solution to
achieve efficient crosslinking. The structure of the Ch-HNTs was characterized by SEM and FTIR
analysis. These novel adsorbents were then tested for the adsorption of Cr6+ in serial batch experiments.
For this purpose, the effect of pH, contact time, temperature, concentration of adsorbate, and
adsorbent concentration on the extent of adsorption were investigated.

Results:
It is proposed that Ch-HNTs can be potential adsorbents for Cr6+ removal from dilute
solutions. Nonetheless, further studies on adsorbing and removing various heavy metals using these
novel beads in column systems can be planned.

Conclusion:
It is proposed that Ch-HNTs can be potential adsorbents for Cr6+ removal from dilute
solutions. Nonetheless, further studies on adsorbing and removing various heavy metals using these
novel beads in column systems can be planned.
Development and Validation of a High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Method for the Qualitative Analysis and Quantification of Hispidulin in Hydroethanol Extract of S. barbata D. Don
Authors: Pannu Arzoo , Goyal Ramesh K. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Hispidulin, a flavonoid renowned for its diverse pharmacological activities,
is abundant in S. barbata D. Don. Given its prevalence, it is essential to establish a dependable
analytical method for quantifying hispidulin in this plant.

Methods:
This study introduces a sensitive and reliable high-performance thin-layer chromatographic
(HPTLC) method for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of hispidulin in S. barbata
D. Don. Pre-coated TLC aluminum plates were utilized, and after testing various mobile phase
combinations, the most effective separation was achieved with Toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid
(5:4:1, v/v/v). The method underwent extensive validation for linearity, specification, instrument
precision, precision, limits of LOD and LOQ, accuracy, and robustness.

Results:
The developed method demonstrated excellent linearity over a specified concentration
range, with a determination coefficient (r2) of 0.988. A well-defined spot at Rf 0.7, corresponding
to hispidulin, was observed. The concentration of hispidulin in the hydroethanolic extract of S. barbata
D. Don was quantified as 13.02 μg/mg of extract.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the HPTLC method presented in this study offers a simple, accurate,
and robust tool for quantitatively analyzing hispidulin in the hydroethanol extract of S. barbata D.
Don. This method is suitable for routine quality control and standardization of herbal formulations
containing S. barbata D. Don, thereby contributing to the advancement of research in natural product-
based pharmaceuticals.
Role of Phytochemicals in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Thakur Anjli , Sharma Dev Raj , Kumar Pravin , Devi Seema , Dhiman Abhishek , Koundal Monika , Verma Chandrapal Singh , Ashawat Mahendra Singh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects millions of people
around the world. In the past decades, phytochemicals have gained attention for the treatment
of atopic dermatitis due to their inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties,
which could be beneficial in alleviating the suffering associated with atopic dermatitis. Although
various conventional treatments, such as immune modulators and biologicals, are available for the
treatment of atopic dermatitis their effectiveness can be limited due to some adverse effects. The
present review aimed to explore the various phytochemicals to be identified as a complementary
and alternative treatment option for the management of atopic dermatitis. Phytochemicals offer
the potential advantage of reducing both local and systemic side effects associated with long-term
use of corticosteroids, as well as addressing the higher costs of biological drug therapies. A comprehensive
literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of
Science to identify the pharmacologically proven phytochemicals for the management of atopic
dermatitis by covering articles published from 2015 to 2023. Various phytochemicals, such as berberine,
piperine, ferulic acid, baicalin, vasicine, neferine, kaempferol, α- Boswellic Acid, gallic
acid, etc., werebe highlighted for their potential therapeutic effects in atopic dermatitis. In conclusion,
phytochemicals present a promising, safe, complementary, and alternative treatment option
for atopic dermatitis management.
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Explore the
Mechanism of Action of Danxiong Huoxue Tablets for the Prevention and
Treatment of Heterotopic Ossification
Authors: Du Yikuan , Wang Zhenjie , Cai Xiaolin , Zhu Jinfeng , Wang Yuni , Wang Jinjin , Huang Peiying , Ke Wenhua , Luo Ziyi , Liu Yi , Yang Chun 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Danxiong Huoxue tablets have been used clinically to prevent and treat
Heterotopic Ossification (HO) after total hip arthroplasty, but its therapeutic mechanism is not
clear.

background:
Danxiong Huoxue Tablets has been used clinically to prevent and treat heterotopic ossification (HO) after total hip arthroplasty, but its therapeutic mechanism is not clear.

Objectives:
This study investigated the potential mechanism of action of Danxiong Huoxue tablets
against HO using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods.

Methods:
The TCMID and SymMap databases and the existing literature were used to screen the
active ingredients and targets of Danxiong Huoxue tablets, and the targets of heterotopic ossification
were obtained from Gene Cards, DisGeNET, and PharmGkb databases. The PPI network diagram
was constructed using the String database and Cytoscape 3.9.1 software. Finally, the core targets
were analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment and validated by molecular docking.

Results:
A total of 39 active ingredients and 328 corresponding targets of Danxiong Huoxue
tablets were identified, which were enriched in signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK.
Molecular docking verified that there was good binding activity between the core targets and the
corresponding components.

Conclusion:
Danxiong Huoxue tablets may prevent and treat HO by acting on key targets, such as
SRC, AKT1, JUN, and TNF, and regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling
pathway.
The Alpha-7 Nicotinic Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator PNU120596 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors and Cognitive Impairment by Regulating the PPAR-α Signaling Pathway in Mice
Authors: Alzarea Sami , Rahman Shafiqur 
Published: October 2024

Background and Objective:
The brain α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR)
has a critical role in the pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) involving neuroinflammation.
The α7 nAChR stimulation has been shown to modulate the anti-inflammatory effects
of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) via its endogenous ligands in the
brain. The present study determined the effects of α7 nAChR modulator PNU120596 on PPAR-α,
an inhibitor of κB (IκB) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)
level in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in an inflammatory mouse model of MDD
induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We also evaluated the combined effects of PNU120596 and
GW6471, a PPAR-α antagonist, on depressive-like and cognitive deficit-like behaviors in mice.

Materials and Methods:
Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with PNU120596, followed by systemic
LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. The effects of PNU120596 on the mRNA expression of
PPAR-α and IκB were assessed in the hippocampus and PFC using qRT-PCR following LPS administration.
Similarly, the effects of PNU120596 on the immunoreactivity of PPAR-α and NF-κB
were measured in the hippocampus and PFC using an immunofluorescence assay. Furthermore, the
effects of PNU120596 on pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β levels were measured in the hippocampus
and PFC using ELISA. The combined effects of PNU120596 and GW6471 were also assessed
against LPS-induced depressive-like and cognitive deficit-like behaviors using the Tail Suspension
Test (TST), Forced Swim Test (FST), and Y-maze test.

Results:
PNU120596 (4 mg/kg) significantly prevented LPS-induced dysregulation of PPAR-α,
IκB, p-NF-κB p65, and IL-1β in the hippocampus and PFC. Pretreatment with PNU120596 showed
significant antidepressant-like effects by reducing immobility time in the TST and FST. Similarly,
pretreatment with PNU120596 significantly reduced cognitive deficit-like behavior in the Y-maze
test. The antidepressant and pro-cognitive-like effects of PNU120596 were reversed by PPAR-α
antagonist GW6471 (2 mg/kg).

Conclusion:
These results suggest that PNU120596 prevented LPS-induced MDD and cognitivelike
behavior by regulating α7 nAChR/PPAR-α signaling pathway in the hippocampus and PFC.
An Investigation of the Factors Influencing the High Temperature Rheology of Polymers
Authors: Huang Yuming , Song Ao 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Nowadays, polymers, as an important application material in
drilling engineering, have obvious advantages in solving the rock-carrying problem at
the bottom of deep wells, and improving the drilling speed due to their excellent viscosity
enhancement effect.

Method:
In this study, the effects of polymer type, concentration, shear time, electrolyte,
and clay on the rheological properties of polymer solutions at high temperature
and high pressure were investigated using a Fann 50SL rheometer. The experimental
results showed that, except for the polymer additive amount and clay, the increase in
shear time and the amount of salt both led to a decrease in the viscosity of the polymer
solution, with 190°C as the critical temperature above which the viscosity decreased
significantly.

Results:
The polymer solution containing formate showed higher viscosity retention
during heating and then cooling compared to chlorides. The presence of clay enhances
the reticulation of polymer molecules in the blend, which facilitates the carrying of
rock cuttings at high temperatures. In addition, regression analyses showed that the
increase in temperature resulted in an enhanced tendency for the polymer solution to
evolve from a pseudoplastic to a Newtonian type.

Conclusion:
This research provides theoretical basis and data support for developing
high-temperature polymers and formulating high-temperature drilling fluid systems.
Factors Affecting Knowledge Sharing of Accountants during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from Vietnam
Authors: Hong Thien To , Thanh Tri Ho , Van Chung Dao , Jibril Abdul Bashiru 
Published: October 2024

Aim:
Knowledge is one of humanity's most valuable assets, continuously deepened
and developed across various dimensions, significantly enhancing the quality of life. This study
aimed to investigate the impact of six factors on the sense of knowledge sharing among accountants
in Ho Chi Minh City during the COVID-19 pandemic. The factors examined were the following:
(1) ability to manage personal information, (2) organizational image, (3) reciprocity, (4)
loss of knowledge power, (5) characteristics of the accounting profession, and (6) legal regulations
related to COVID-19.

Method:
This quantitative research study has been built on the framework established by
Kankanhalli et al., formulating hypotheses to assess the impact of these factors on knowledge
sharing among accountants in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ho Chi Minh City.

Results:
Survey data from 120 accounting professionals have indicated four of the six factors,
including organizational image, reciprocity, legal regulations related to COVID-19, and characteristics
of the accounting profession, to significantly influence knowledge-sharing consciousness
among accountants in Ho Chi Minh City.

Conclusion:
The COVID-19 pandemic has positively influenced knowledge sharing, as disruptions
in activities and changes in workflows have necessitated adaptation to new working environments.
This adaptation has compelled individuals to share knowledge to effectively adjust and
optimize their capabilities.

Limitations:
This study has been strictly quantitative, limiting in-depth analysis of some variables.
Relevant latent variables may have been excluded. Future research could employ a mixed
methods approach to address the potential gaps.
Understanding e-Cigarette Addictiveness: Triangulation of Focus Group and Netnographic Data
Authors: Andreas Marike , Grundinger Nadja , Wolber Nadine , Szafran Daria , Görig Tatiana , Mons Ute , Lohner Valerie , Vollstädt-Klein Sabine , Schneider Sven 
Published: October 2024

Background
Numerous studies have shown that e-cigarettes are addictive. For example, we previously showed that users of e-cigarette online forums discuss experiences of addiction in a netnographic analysis. However, it is unclear what makes e-cigarettes addictive apart from nicotine. In a focus group analysis, we recently identified 3 unique features of e-cigarettes that users linked to experiences of addiction: the pleasant taste, unobtrusiveness, and unlimited usability of e-cigarettes.

Objective
This study aimed to validate the previously identified features of e-cigarette addictive potential by triangulating data from the netnographic analysis and focus group discussions.

Methods
Drawing on a netnographic analysis of 3 popular, German-language e-cigarette forums, we studied whether experiences of addiction were linked to specific e-cigarette features. We included 451 threads in the analysis that had been coded for addictive experiences in a previous study by our team. First, we conducted a deductive analysis with preregistered codes to determine whether the features of pleasant taste, unobtrusiveness, and unlimited usability were mentioned in relation to the addictive potential of e-cigarettes in the online forums. Second, an inductive approach was chosen to identify further possible addictive features of e-cigarettes.

Results
Our deductive analysis confirmed that the features highlighted in our previous focus group study (pleasant taste, unobtrusiveness, and unlimited usability) were also frequently discussed in online forums in connection to addictive symptoms. In addition, our inductive analysis identified nicotine dosage as a significant feature linked to addiction. Users reported varying their nicotine doses for different reasons, leading to the identification of four distinct user types based on dosing patterns: (1) high doses for intermittent, (2) high doses for constant use, (3) low doses for constant use, and (4) switching between high and low doses depending on the situation.

Conclusions
Our comprehensive analysis of online forum threads revealed that users’ experiences of addiction are linked to 4 specific features unique to e-cigarettes: pleasant taste, unobtrusiveness, unlimited usability, and nicotine dosage. Recognizing these addictive features of e-cigarettes is crucial for designing cessation programs and informing public health policies to reduce the addictiveness of e-cigarettes.
Ensuring Appropriate Representation in Artificial Intelligence–Generated Medical Imagery: Protocol for a Methodological Approach to Address Skin Tone Bias
Authors: O'Malley Andrew , Veenhuizen Miriam , Ahmed Ayla 
Published: October 2024

Background
In medical education, particularly in anatomy and dermatology, generative artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to create customized illustrations. However, the underrepresentation of darker skin tones in medical textbooks and elsewhere, which serve as training data for AI, poses a significant challenge in ensuring diverse and inclusive educational materials.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the extent of skin tone diversity in AI-generated medical images and to test whether the representation of skin tones can be improved by modifying AI prompts to better reflect the demographic makeup of the US population.

Methods
In total, 2 standard AI models (Dall-E [OpenAI] and Midjourney [Midjourney Inc]) each generated 100 images of people with psoriasis. In addition, a custom model was developed that incorporated a prompt injection aimed at “forcing” the AI (Dall-E 3) to reflect the skin tone distribution of the US population according to the 2012 American National Election Survey. This custom model generated another set of 100 images. The skin tones in these images were assessed by 3 researchers using the New Immigrant Survey skin tone scale, with the median value representing each image. A chi-square goodness of fit analysis compared the skin tone distributions from each set of images to that of the US population.

Results
The standard AI models (Dalle-3 and Midjourney) demonstrated a significant difference between the expected skin tones of the US population and the observed tones in the generated images (P<.001). Both standard AI models overrepresented lighter skin. Conversely, the custom model with the modified prompt yielded a distribution of skin tones that closely matched the expected demographic representation, showing no significant difference (P=.04).

Conclusions
This study reveals a notable bias in AI-generated medical images, predominantly underrepresenting darker skin tones. This bias can be effectively addressed by modifying AI prompts to incorporate real-life demographic distributions. The findings emphasize the need for conscious efforts in AI development to ensure diverse and representative outputs, particularly in educational and medical contexts. Users of generative AI tools should be aware that these biases exist, and that similar tendencies may also exist in other types of generative AI (eg, large language models) and in other characteristics (eg, sex, gender, culture, and ethnicity). Injecting demographic data into AI prompts may effectively counteract these biases, ensuring a more accurate representation of the general population.
MOTIVATION AND AFFECTIVE FACTORS TO LEARN ENGLISH AS SECOND LANGUAGE
Authors: Eragamreddy Nagamurali 
Published: October 2024

This study explores the complex interplay between motivation and affective factors, emphasizing these components' critical role in the effectiveness of English as a second language (ESL) learning. Comprehending these processes enables educators to establish conducive situations that foster language acquisition. The study investigates the reasons behind ESL learners, ranging from authentic curiosity about the language and culture to pragmatic professional objectives. It examines how motivation interacts with attitudes, emotions, and anxiety levels during learning. To examine research on affective factors and motivation in ESL learning, using a qualitative research approach, the researcher reviewed the literature and examined academic books and articles about the motivations, challenges, emotional experiences, and cultural backgrounds of ESL learners, making sure to include relevant details and cite all relevant sources by American Psychological Association (APA) guidelines. The results highlight the relationship between affective factors and motivation. Anxiety may impede language acquisition, whereas positive attitudes and internal motivation drive the process. The study emphasizes how crucial it is to have a welcoming classroom that considers cultural diversity and promotes a feeling of community. Policymakers and educators can benefit greatly from the insights this research induces. Educators may customize lessons to suit student requirements and learning styles by recognizing the interaction between affective factors and motivation. This will eventually result in a more positive and practical ESL learning experience for all students.
Endometriosis – hormones and treatment
Authors: Obrycka Patrycja , Soczynska Julia , Gawelczyk Wiktor , Tomecka Paulina , Mozdziak Paul Edward 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Endometriosis is a prevalent condition, affecting 10-15% of women of reproductive age and approximately 70% of those with chronic pelvic pain. An estimated 176 million women worldwide are affected by this disease. The condition occurs predominantly between menarche and menopause, with peak incidence between the ages of 25 and 45. Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, leading to the formation of lesions most commonly in the ovaries but also in the fallopian tubes, gastrointestinal tract, and occasionally in distant locations like the pleura and central nervous system. Symptoms include chronic pelvic pain, heavy and painful menstrual periods, dyspareunia, painful urination, and defecation. Diagnosis involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging techniques, and the gold standard, diagnostic laparoscopy. There is an average delay of 6.7 years between symptom onset and diagnosis, often due to variable and confusing symptoms resembling other conditions. The pathogenesis of endometriosis involves genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors, with significant roles played by estrogens and progesterone. Treatment strategies focus on managing symptoms through pain relief, hormonal therapy, and surgical interventions, although no permanent cure exists. Hormonal imbalances, particularly the interaction of progesterone and estrogens, play a crucial role in disease progression. Current research explores various treatment options, including hormonal therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants, and surgical methods to improve the quality of life for patients.
Construction of a Smart Learning Platform for Kindergarten Preschool Education Empowered by Digital VR Technology
Authors: Shi Shaomin , Shi Shaowei , Wang Baobao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Accompanied by the rapid development of science and technology, the application of digital VR technology in kindergarten and preschool education has gradually become a hot spot of educational innovation. In this paper, with the help of digital VR technology, we build an intelligent learning platform full of exciting and exploratory features to provide kindergarten children with a more vivid and intuitive learning experience. The smart learning platform for preschool education consists of the management module, teaching resource base module, collaborative learning module, and intelligent evaluation module. Virtual reality technology is utilized on the platform to create a virtual teaching module that enhances the teaching method. Then the construction of the virtual classroom three-dimensional model is enhanced and improved. A geometric curvature high-fidelity three-dimensional model accelerated drawing method is proposed. The triangle folding algorithm is improved based on the improved quadratic error metric to enhance the quality of the three-dimensional drawing of the virtual classroom. Through the application of virtual teaching in teaching experiments, it has been found that it has significantly improved children’s cognitive ability and creativity. The percentage of parents’ satisfaction with the teaching effect of the smart learning platform reached 74.2%, indicating that parents are more likely to recognize the kindergarten’s application of the smart learning platform.