bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Binuclear Complexes of Tetraketones.
Authors: FENTON D. E. , REGAN C. M. , CASELLATO U. , VIGATO P. A. , VIDALI M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie beiden Tetraketonliganden (I) und (II) werden durch Kondensation der entsprechenden Diacetylbenzole mit Ethylacetat in Gegenwart von Na‐Draht dargestellt und IR‐ und 1H‐ und 13 C‐NMR‐spektroskopisch charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: DIMERIC COPPER(II) COMPOUNDS WITH A TRIPODAL IMIDAZOLE‐CONTAINING LIGAND AND BRIDGED BY IMIDAZOLATE, BENZIMIDAZOLATE, AND BENZOTRIAZOLATE IONS. CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE O
Authors: HENDRIKS H. M. J. , BIRKER P. J. M. W. L. , VERSCHOOR G. C. , REEDIJK J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie dirneren Cu(II)‐Komplexe (I) werden durch Umsetzung entsprechender Cu(II)‐Salze mit Na‐irnidazolat, Nabenzimidazolat oder Na‐benzotriazolat und dem Tripodliganden im molaren 2:1:2‐ Verhältnis in Methanol synthetisiert (keine Ausb.‐Angaben).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON NUCLEOSIDES AND NUCLEOTIDES. X. DESULFURIZATION OF 2′,3′‐O‐ISOPROPYLIDENE‐2‐THIOURIDINES BY DIBENZOYLDIAZENE
Authors: MITSUNOBU O. , ITO N. , SAITA S. , OGIHARA T. , TAMAOKI H. , NAGASAWA H. , SUZUKI H. , KIMURA J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Umsetzung mit Dibenzoyl‐diazen (II) erhält man aus den Thio‐nucleotiden (I) die schwefelfreien Verbindungen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ON POTASSIUM SILICATE (K2SIO3), THE FIRST ALKALI METAL CYCLOTRISILICATE, AND RUBIDIUM SILICATE (RB2SIO3), CESIUM SILICATE (CS2SIO3), RUBIDIUM GERMANATE (RB2GEO3) AND CESIUM GERMANATE (CS2GEO3)
Authors: WERTHMANN R. , HOPPE R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie besser als K6[Si3O9] formulierte Titelverbindung, die durch Erhitzen inniger Gemenge von K2O und SiO2 mit dem Verhältnis K:Si = 2.1:1 (Ni‐Bömbchen, 870°C, 11 d) dargestellt wird, kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe P21/c mit Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: SHEET STRUCTURES WITH VACANT OCTAHEDRAL SITES: NONSTOICHIOMETRIC TITANATES CS4XTI2‐XO4
Authors: HERVIEU M. , RAVEAU B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie nichtstöchiometrischen Titanate Cs4 x[Ti, ‐xDx 104, die ausgehend von Cs2CO3 und TiOg dargestellt werden, kristallisieren für 0.58 4x 0.90 rhombisch.
ChemInform Abstract: SOLUBILITY AND THERMODYNAMIC DATA OF CADMIUM HYDROXYLAPATITE IN AQUEOUS MEDIA
Authors: MAHAPATRA P. P. , MISHRA H. , CHICKERUR N. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFür den Apatit Cd10(PO4)6(OH)2 werden die Ionengleichgewichte in der Lösung, an denen Cd2+, PO43‐, OH‐, HPO42‐ und H2PO4‐ beteiligt sind, sowie die Löslichkeit (im pH‐Bereich 1‐8) untersucht und die thermodynamischen Parameter für die Auflösung (bei pH 5 zwischen 37 und 52°C) bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: A REINVESTIGATION OF THE BASIC BEHAVIOR OF THE OXIDE ION IN MOLTEN SODIUM TETRACHLOROALUMINATE AT 175°C
Authors: TAULELLE F. , PIOLET C. , TREMILLON B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMit dem Ziel, Literaturunstimmigkeiten zu erklären, wird das grundlegende Verhalten des O2− in NaAlCl4 bei 175°C nochmals untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVITY OF β‐VINYL‐β‐PROPIOLACTONE TOWARD VARIOUS NUCLEOPHILES
Authors: FUJISAWA T. , SATO T. , TAKEUCHI M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstractβ‐Vinylpropiolacton (III) und Methanol (II) liefern die Methoxypentensäure (I), Na‐Methyllat (IV) und (III) hingegen den Hydroxypentensäuremethylester (V); die Amine (VI) und (III) bilden ein Gemisch aus den Amiden (VII) und den Aminosäuren (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: A DIELS‐ALDER ROUTE TO PYRIDONE AND PIPERIDONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: SAINTE F. , SERCKX‐PONCIN B. , HESBAIN‐FRISQUE A. M. , GHOSEZ L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEs wird zunächst gezeigt, daß bei der Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion von 2‐Aza‐1,3‐dienen konformative Faktoren eine wesentliche Rolle spielen.
ChemInform Abstract: STERIC ASPECTS OF THE OXIDATION OF THIOKETONES BY SINGLET OXYGEN
Authors: RAMNATH N. , RAO V. J. , RAMESH V. , RAMAMURTHY V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Oxidation der sterisch abgeschirmten Thioketone (I) mit (Singulettsauerstoff) liefert neben den Ketonen (II) in einigen Fällen die Thioketon‐S‐oxide (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Assisted Reactions. Part 11. Rapid Reduction of N‐Nitrosoamines to N,N‐Disubstituted Hydrazines.
Authors: ENTWISTLE I. D. , JOHNSTONE R. A. W. , WILBY A. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas nach Methode A) aus TiCl4 und Mg dargestellte Titanreagenz führt die N‐Nitrosoamine (I) in rascher und selektiver Reaktion (andere funktionale Gruppen werden nicht angegriffen) in die Hydrazine (II) über.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROGEN TRANSFER OF 2,5‐DIHYDROANISOLE TO HYDROGEN ACCEPTORS PROMOTED BY BUTYLLITHIUM
Authors: HIRAMATSU M. , FUJINAMI T. , SAKAI S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDihydroanisol (I) wird mit n‐Butyllithium (II) zu (III) metalliert.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLETE KINETIC ANALYSIS OF THE THERMAL STEREOMUTATIONS OF (+)‐(1S,2S,3R)‐R‐1‐CYANO‐T‐2‐METHYL‐1,2,T‐3‐TRIDEUTERIOCYCLOPROPANE
Authors: BALDWIN J. E. , CARTER C. G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Diaryl‐D‐alaninester (I) läßt sich nach Kondensation mit Salicylaldehyd (II) zum Diimin (III) mit Cu‐acetat der optisch aktive Cu‐Komplex (IV) als viskoses Öl erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF 4‐CYANO‐1,3‐DIOXOLANES FROM 2,3‐EPOXYNITRILES
Authors: ALTHOFF W. , TINAPP P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie aus Ketonen (I) mit Chloracetonitril (II) zugänglichen 2,3‐Epoxynitrile (III) reagieren mit Aceton (IV) in Gegenwart von Bortrifluoridetherat oder Zinntetrachlorid zu den Dioxolanen (V).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF FOUR STEREOISOMERS OF 4‐AMINO‐2‐(HYDROXYMETHYL)TETRAHYDROFURAN‐4‐CARBOXYLIC ACID
Authors: YOSHIMURA J. , KONDO S. , IHARA M. , HASHIMOTO H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Ribosid (I) wird in einer Mehrstufensynthese in die beiden Tetrahydrofuranderivate (V) und (VI) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: METABOLITES OF THE PYRIDYLALLYLAMINE ZIMELIDINE. SYNTHESES VIA α,β‐UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES WITH CONSERVATION OF STEREOCHEMISTRY
Authors: HOEGBERG T. + , LUNDSTROEM J. + 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Alkohol (I) werden über den Aldehyd (II) bzw. das N‐Oxid (VI) das Hydroxylamin (III) und das Nitron (IV) bzw. die Pyridin‐N‐Oxide (VII) (von Zimelidin) und (VIII) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF PYRROLO(3,2‐F)INDOLIZINES. VIII. SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF FREE PYRROLOINDOLIZINE BASES
Authors: ABRAMENKO T. V. , MIRONOV A. F. , EVSTIGNEEVA R. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie 6H‐Pyrrolo[3,2‐f]indolizin‐ basen (II) lagern sich beim Aufbewahren langsam, in siedendem Tetrachlorkohlen‐ 87 stoff sehr schnell zu Verbindungen des Typs (III) um.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PSEUDOCOFACTOR ANALOGS AS POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF THE FOLATE ENZYMES
Authors: TEMPLE C. JUN. , BENNETT L. L. JUN. , ROSE J. D. , ELLIOTT R. D. , MONTGOMERY J. A. , MANGUM J. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSynthesis of Pseudo Cofactor Analogues as Potential Inhibitors of the Folate Enzymes.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUTED N‐METHYLPHENYLHYDRAZONES OF GLYOXYLIC ACID AND THEIR PROPERTIES
Authors: BODNAR V. N. , LOZINSKII M. O. , PEL'KIS P. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus Dichloressigsäure (II) und den N‐Methylhydrazinen (I) entstehen die Glyoxylsäure‐hydrazone (III), sie werden in die Chloride (IV) und weiter in Azide (V) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐OXO‐1,3,2‐DIOXATHIANES. I. PREPARATION OF THE ALKYL‐SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES
Authors: VIRTANEN T. , NIKANDER H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Diole (I), die durch Reduktion mit LiAlH4 aus den entsprechenden 1,3‐Dionen dargestellt werden, kondensieren mit SOCI, zu den Titelverbindungen (II), die als Isomerengemische mit axial oder äquatorial ausgerichteter SO‐Gruppe anfallen.
ChemInform Abstract: SILICON IN SYNTHESIS. RING EXPANSION AND 1,4 DIFUNCTIONALIZATION USING SILYLCYCLOPROPANES
Authors: MAGNUS P. , COOKE F. , SARKAR T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAm Beispiel der Alkohole (II), erhalten als isomere Mischung bei der Reduktion von (I), wird wie aufgezeichnet gezeigt, daß ihre Behandlung mit Elektrophilen unter Ringerweiterung zu Allylsilanen fuhrt, die in substituierte Cycloheptene umgewandelt werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY. XLIII. DIPHENYLPHOSPHINOUS ACID, HETEROCYCLES AND CARBOCYCLES FROM ORTHO‐Π‐FUNCTIONALIZED AROYLDIPHENYLPHOSPHINES BY UV IRRADIATION IN SOLUTION
Authors: DANKOWSKI M. , PRAEFCKE K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie aus den Benzoylchloriden (I) mit Trimethylsilyldiphenylphosphin (II) leicht zugänglichen Aroyldiphenylphosphine (III) werden in Benzol photolytisch in die Aldehyde (IV) und Diphenylphosphinigsäure (V) gespalten, die die Diphenylphosphinylalkohole (VI) bilden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF α‐(DIPHENYL(DIISOPROPYL)PHOSPHINYL)‐β‐PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID ESTERS
Authors: ISMAGILOV R. K. , RAZUMOV A. I. , BEZBORODOVA T. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDiphenyl‐ bzw. Di‐isopropyl‐phosphinyl‐essigsäureethylester (I) werden in die Kaliumverbindungen (II) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOMERIZATION OF METHYLENEAMIDOPHOSPHITES
Authors: KHUSAINOVA N. G. , BREDIKHINA Z. A. , SINITSA A. D. , KAL'CHENKO V. I. , PUDOVIK A. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Amidophosphite (Ia) lagem sich bei höherer Temperatur quantitativ zu den Methyl‐phosphonsäurederivaten (II) um.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW REACTIVITY OF 1,3‐DIPOLAR SPECIES RESULTING FROM THE ADDITION OF A PHOSPHITE TO AN ACTIVE ACETYLENE COMPOUND
Authors: EL MANOUNI D. , LEROUX Y. , BURGADA R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Addition des Phosphits (I) an die Acetylenderivate (II) führt zu dem Dipol (III), der sich mit einem geeigneten nucleophilen Reagenz unter Bildung eines Phosphorans abfangen läßt. Im Falle der Reaktion von (IIa) entsteht mit Methanol das Phosphoran (V), mit Phenol dagegen das Ylid (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: N6‐PHOSPHORYLATED SYDNONE IMINES. I. SYNTHESIS VIA PHOSPHORUS(III) DERIVATIVES AND CHLORIMIDOPHOS INTERMEDIATES
Authors: BORISOV E. V. , AKHLEBININ A. K. , NIFANT'EV E. E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractN‐Nitroso‐2‐phenylisopropyl‐amino‐aeetonitril (I) reagiert mit den cyclischen Chlorphosphiten (II) bzw. (IV) zu den phosphorylierten Sydnoniminen (III) bzw. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOTELLURIUM COMPOUNDS. 6. SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF SOME HETEROCYCLIC LITHIUM TELLUROLATES
Authors: ENGMAN L. , CAVA M. P. 
Published: April 2016

Abstractα‐Lithio‐Derivate von Thiophen, Furan, N‐Tosylpyrrol, N‐Tosylindol und Pyridin reagieren bei Raumtemp. mit Te in THF.
ChemInform Abstract: SOLVENT INFLUENCE ON LIGAND FIELD STRENGTH IN FLUORO COMPLEXES OF CHROMIUM(III)
Authors: GLOVER S. G. , KIRK A. D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFür die Übergangsenergien in den Absorptionsspektren der Fluorochromkomplexe (I) und (II) werden Lösungsmitteleffekte beobachtet.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL‐METHYLENE COMPLEXES. XXX. STEPWISE FORMATION OF METHYLENE BRIDGES BY CARBENE ADDITION TO METAL‐METAL DOUBLE BONDS
Authors: HERRMANN W. A. , HUGGINS J. M. , BAUER C. , SMISCHEK M. , PFISTERER H. , ZIEGLER M. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Halbsandwich‐Komplex (I) wird thermisch der zweikernige Komplex (II) mit Cobalt‐ Cobalt‐Doppelbindungen erhalten, aus dem durch Carben‐Übertragung mit den Diazoalkanen (III) bzw. (VI) die u‐Alkyliden‐Komplexe (IV) und (VII) zugänglich sind.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISTIC INFORMATION ON SOLVENT‐INITIATED LIGAND SUBSTITUTION FROM KINETIC SOLVENT EFFECTS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH THE SOLVENT POLARITY PARAMETER ET(30)
Authors: ELIAS H. , WANNOWIUS K. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBetrachtet wird die Ligandsubstitution in dem quadratisch‐planaren trans‐NzOz‐Cu‐Komplex (I) durch N‐Ethylsalicylidenamin in den Alkoholen Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol‐l , ‐2, Butanol‐1, ‐2, 2‐Methylpropanol‐1 , ‐2, Pentanol‐3, Benzylalkohol, 2‐Phenyl‐, 2‐ChJor‐, 2‐Methoxy‐ und 2‐Cyanoethanol.
ChemInform Abstract: IN SITU GENERATION OF THE HYDROGENATION CATALYSTS RHH(TTP) AND RHH(CYTTP), TTP = PHP(CH2CH2CH2PPH2)2 AND CYTTP = PHP(CH2CH2CH2PCY2)2, BY TREATING THE RHCL(TRIPHOSPHINE) COMPLEXES WITH EITHER TRIETHYLALUMINUM OR CHLORODIETHYLALUMINUM
Authors: NIEWAHNER J. , MEEK D. W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Chlorotitelkomplexe (Ia) in Gegenwart sowohl von Triethylaluminium als auch von Diethylaluminium‐ Chlorid sind wirkungsvolle homogene Katalysatoren für die Hydrierung von 1‐Olefinen und 1‐Octin.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N′‐BRIDGED PORPHYRINS. NOVEL SYNTHESIS, METAL COMPLEXES, AND CONVERSION INTO N‐MONOSUBSTITUTED PORPHYRINS. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE O (N,N′‐((BENZYLOXY)METHYLENE)TETRAPHENYLPORPHYRIN‐N′′,N′′′)DIBROMOPALLADIUM(II)
Authors: CALLOT H. J. , FISCHER J. , WEISS R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Bildung einer einatomigen C‐Brücke zwischen zwei benachbarten Pyrrol‐N‐Atomen in meso‐Tetraplienylporphyrin (I) wird erreicht unter Verwendung von Chloroform/NaOH/R′ OH in Gegenwart eines Phasentransferreagenzes.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS INVOLVING TRANSITION METALS. PART 16. RHODIUM, IRIDIUM, PLATINUM, AND GOLD COMPLEXES CONTAINING THE BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)AMINOOXY LIGAND
Authors: BOOTH B. L. , HASZELDINE R. N. , HOLMES R. G. G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie stabilen Komplexe (III) werden durch oxidative Addition des Radikals (II) an die trans‐Komplexe (I) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Structural Studies on the Intermediates Formed in the Reactions of 5′‐ Adenosine Monophosphate and 5′‐Guanosine Monophosphate with cis‐Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) Using 1H and 195Pt Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
Authors: CLOEE G. M. , GRONENBORN A. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie "Titelreaktion liefert bei pH 6,5 und überschüssigen Mengen des Pt‐Komplexes mit dem Adenosinphosphat zunächst die Intermediärprodukte (I) oder (II), die dann mit weiteren Mengen des Pt‐Komplexes zu dem Endprodukt (III) reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: ACETONATION OF LINEAR (1 → 3)‐β‐D‐GLUCAN
Authors: KATO K. , OKAMOTO Y. , YAMAUCHI R. , UENO Y. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLineares β‐(l ‐ 3)‐D‐Glucan vom Molgewicht 56.200 ergibt bei der Umsetzung mit Dimethoxypropan das Isopropylidenglucan (I), bei dem die Ketalgruppen nicht zwischen zwei Glycosylresten angeordnet sind, sondern die 4‐ und 6‐Stellung der Zucker überbrücken.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSIENT PROTECTION: EFFICIENT ONE‐FLASK SYNTHESES OF PROTECTED DEOXYNUCLEOSIDES
Authors: TI G. S. , GAFFNEY B. L. , JONES R. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Anwendung eines Konzeptes zum vorübergehenden Schutz von Desoxynucleosiden wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Stable Prostacyclin Mimic, 7‐Oxoprostaglandin I2.
Authors: KOVACS G. , SIMONIDESZ V. , TOEMOESKOEZI I. + , KOERMOECZY P. + , SZEKELY I. , PAPP‐BEHR A. , STADLER I. , SZEKERES L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPGFza‐methylester (I) reagiert mit Thallium(III)‐acetat zu einem Gemisch der Verbindungen (II) und (III) von denen (II) durch Transacetalisierung mit Methanol/Bortrifluoridetherat zu isomeren Diolmethylacetalen (IVa) führt.
A stochastic game net‐based model for effective decision‐making in smart environments
Authors: Sandhu Rajinder , Sood Sandeep K. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) in today's smart environments has many applications in gerontology, health care, transportation, and smart cities. Many challenges still exist in developing IoT‐based smart environments. Dynamic generation of action strategies based on multiple IoT object's input is one of the major challenges. In this paper, stochastic Petri nets and game theory are combined to create stochastic game nets (SGNs) for IoT‐based smart environment where each IoT device acts as a player with predefined place and action sets. Complete SGN will be created dynamically using individual sensor SGNs which will make IoT‐based smart environments highly interoperable and scalable. Proposed model is used to predict activities performed by two‐single person in their respective home with more than 70 sensors. Simulation results show suitability of proposed model in smart environments. Proposed model is tested for smart homes, but it can be used in any IoT‐based smart environment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of Two‐Dimensional Copper Selenide on Cu(111) at Very Low Selenium Coverage
Authors: Walen Holly , Liu Da‐Jiang , Oh Junepyo , Yang Hyun Jin , Kim Yousoo , Thiel Patricia A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUsing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we observed that adsorption of Se on Cu(111) produced islands with a (√3×√3)R30° structure at Se coverages far below the structure's ideal coverage of 1/3 monolayer. On the basis of density functional theory (DFT), these islands cannot form due to attractive interactions between chemisorbed Se atoms. DFT showed that incorporating Cu atoms into the √3‐Se lattice stabilizes the structure, which provided a plausible explanation for the experimental observations. STM revealed three types of √3 textures. We assigned two of these as two‐dimensional layers of strained CuSe, analogous to dense planes of bulk klockmannite (CuSe). Klockmannite has a bulk lattice constant that is 11 % shorter than √3 times the surface lattice constant of Cu(111). This offers a rationale for the differences observed between these textures, for which strain limits the island size or distorts the √3 lattice. STM showed that existing step edges adsorb Se and facet toward ⟨1
1⟩, which is consistent with DFT.
Exploiting Co‐solubilization of Warfarin, Curcumin, and Rhodamine B for Modulation of Energy Transfer: A Micelle FRET On/Off Switch
Authors: Bhat Parvaiz Ahmad , Chat Oyais Ahmad , Dar Aijaz Ahmad 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTwo new FRET pairs, warfarin (WF)–curcumin (CUR) and curcumin–rhodamine B (RhB), are explored by using surfactant‐based self‐assembled soft systems as scaffolds. The study is extended to design a two‐step concurrent FRET system based on these three fluorophores, which is an important mechanism to devise artificial light‐harvesting/antenna systems. Surfactant systems of varying nature (cationic, anionic, nonionic, and zwitterionic) are exploited to modulate the energy transfer in different FRET systems. Interestingly, micelle/water interfacial‐charge‐responsive FRET is observed owing to selective solubilization of the fluorophores during co‐solubilization. The step‐one FRET (WF→CUR) is switched on in cationic and zwitterionic media but switched off in anionic/nonionic media, whereas the step‐two FRET from CUR to RhB is switched on in anionic/nonionic and zwitterionic media. However, both the FRET steps (WF→CUR→RhB) are observed to be active only in zwitterionic medium. Co‐solubilized, appropriately mixed fluorophores having multistep FRET possibilities can be switched on/off selectively as and when required and energy efficiency can be tuned to an optimal level by varying the nature and geometry of the micellar scaffold. Thus, the two FRET pairs selectively acknowledge all types of media for their anticipated applications in biological systems, as structural tools, and for the development of artificial light‐harvesting/antenna systems and lasers.
Novel Chloroimidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids: Synthesis, Characterisation and Behaviour as Solvents to Control Reaction Outcome
Authors: Hawker Rebecca R. , Panchompoo Janjira , Aldous Leigh , Harper Jason B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNovel ionic liquids containing chlorine atoms on the imidazolium cation were synthesised. The physicochemical properties of these ionic liquids were investigated extensively, including glass transition, melting and decomposition temperatures, density, viscosity, miscibility with common solvents and electrochemical window. The behaviour of these ionic liquids as solvents was examined through temperature‐dependent kinetic analyses on two reactions: a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction and a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction. The properties and effects on reaction outcome of these new ionic liquids were shown to correlate with the change in the nature of the cation.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of iron therapy in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease: updated and abridged Cochrane review
Authors: Clevenger Ben , Gurusamy Kurinchi , Klein Andrew A. , Murphy Gavin J. , Anker Stefan D. , Richards Toby 
Published: April 2016

AimsAnaemia is increasingly recognized as having an independent impact upon patient outcomes in cardiac disease. The role of novel iron therapies to treat anaemia is increasing. This systematic review and meta‐analysis assesses the efficacy and safety of iron therapies for the treatment of adults with anaemia.Methods and resultsElectronic databases and search engines were searched as per Cochrane methodology. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of iron vs. inactive control or placebo, as well as alternative formulations, doses, and routes in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease or in the peri‐partum period were eligible. The primary outcome of interest was mortality at 1 year. Secondary outcomes were blood transfusion, haemoglobin levels, quality of life, serious adverse events, and length of hospital stay. A total of 64 RCTs (including five studies of heart failure patients) comprising 9004 participants were included. None of the studies was at a low risk of bias. There were no statistically significant differences in mortality between iron and inactive control. Both oral and parenteral iron significantly reduced the proportion of patients requiring blood transfusion compared with inactive control [risk ratio (RR) 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48–0.90; and RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73–0.97, respectively]. Haemoglobin was increased more by both oral and parenteral iron compared with inactive control [mean difference (MD) 0.91 g/dL, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.35; and MD 1.04, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.57, respectively], and parenteral iron demonstrated a greater increase when compared with oral iron (MD 0.53 g/dL, 95% CI 0.31–0.75). In all comparisons, there were no differences in the results comparing patients with and without heart failure.ConclusionBoth oral and parenteral iron are shown to decrease the proportion of people who require blood transfusion and increase haemoglobin levels, without any benefit on mortality. Further trials at a low risk of bias, powered to measure clinically significant endpoints, are still required.
Developments of 3D Printing Microfluidics and Applications in Chemistry and Biology: a Review
Authors: He Yong , Wu Yan , Fu Jian‐zhong , Gao Qing , Qiu Jing‐jiang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing, also called additive manufacturing (AM) or rapid prototyping (RP), is a layer by layer manufacturing method and now has been widely used in many areas such as organ printing, aerospace and industrial design. Now 3D printed microfluidics attract more and more interests for its rapid printing in the lab. In this review, we focused on the advances of 3D printed microfluidic chips especially the use in the chemistry and biology (vascularization and organs on chips). Based on the brief review of different 3D printing methods, we discussed how to choose the suitable 3D printing methods to print the desired microfluidics. We predict that microfluidics will be evolved from 2D chips to 3D cubes, printed hydrogel‐based microfluidics will be reported and widely used, sensors & actuators could be integrated in the microfluidics during printing, and rapid assembling chips with printed microfluidic modules will be popular in the near future.