bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the horizontal resolution of GEOS-Chem on land‒ocean and tropic‒extratropic partitioning and seasonal cycle in CO2 inversion
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Zeng Ning , Han Pengfei , Cai Qixiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Credible regional carbon budget estimates from atmospheric CO2 measurements rely on the accuracy of atmospheric transport models (ATMs). However, the atmospheric transport in ATMs is usually simplified and spatiotemporally averaged, leading to systematic biases in simulating the atmospheric CO2 and estimating surface CO2 fluxes. We show that forward simulations of global CO2 using an ATM, GEOS-Chem, at a native resolution of 0.5° × 0.625° and a coarse resolution of 4° × 5° differ significantly near the surface in the Northern Hemisphere and the polar vortex, mainly because of advection in GEOS-Chem. Comparing observing system simulation experiments that assimilate synthetic observations sampled from the forward simulations, we separate the impact of coarse-resolution GEOS-Chem on regional flux estimates. The results suggest that a significant amount of annual carbon uptake from the ocean and tropics is improperly redistributed to the land and northern and southern extratropics, respectively. In addition, these errors lead to an underestimated seasonal amplitude in the northern extratropical land and a reversed sign of the seasonal cycle in the northern extratropical ocean. The reversed sign of the seasonal cycle has also been observed in a real data assimilation experiment and several state-of-the-art inversions, suggesting that reasonable ocean flux estimates depend strongly on the accuracy of the ATM.
ZnO-modified glass capillaries as a portable photocatalytic reactor for real-time measurements
Authors: Jayswal Shefali , Mohapatra Saswat 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Here, we have developed a photocatalytic reactor using glass capillaries which acts both as a flow cell and a thin film-supported photocatalyst due to the Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanostructures grown on the inner surface of the glass capillaries. The structural, morphological, elemental, and optical characteristics of the ZnO nanostructures were investigated through characterization methods such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), UV–Visible spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Further, dye-sensitized ZnO nanostructures were used for photocatalytic application under visible light irradiation. A custom-made setup is developed using ZnO-modified glass capillaries for simultaneous decay and measurement of the dye degradation process under visible LED light. This developed model could have future technological applications in designing portable photocatalytic reactors that can accurately monitor the dye degradation process using real-time measurements.
Improvement on the onset voltage for electroluminescent devices based in a SiOx/SiOy bilayer obtained by sputtering
Authors: Salazar-Valdez A S L , Monfil-Leyva K , Morales-Morales F , Hernández Simón Z J , Muñoz-Zurita A L , Luna López J A , de la Luz J A D Hernández , Uribe González F , Morales-Sánchez A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This work is focused on the composition, optical and electroluminescent properties of silicon rich oxide (SiOx, x < 2) films monolayers and bilayers (SiOx/SiOy) deposited by Sputtering with silicon excess between 6.2 to 10.7 at.% were deposited on p-type (100) silicon substrates. As-deposited SiOx films emit a broad photoluminescence (PL) band where the maximum peak shifts from 420 to 540 nm as the Si-excess increases from 6.2 to 10.7 at.%, respectively. The PL intensity strongly increases and the main PL peak shifts to the red region when the SiOx films are thermally annealed. The PL emission band was dependent on silicon excess and the presence of Si-O bonds defects working as emission centers. MOS-like devices were fabricated (N+ polysilicon was used as top contact and aluminum as bottom contact) to study the EL of SiOx monolayers and SiOx/SiOy bilayers. It was found that the required voltage to obtain EL was reduced when SiOx/SiOy bilayers were used in light emitting capacitors (BLECs) as compared to those with SiOx monolayers.
Prediction of Sm- (Co, Cu, Fe, Zr) binary alloys’ thermodynamic parameters by improved miedema model
Authors: Zhu Zhi , Fang Yikun , Wu Wei , Zhao Bo , Zhang Jiashuo , Lei Ming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Currently, the original Miedema mixing enthalpy model yields calculation results that exhibit some discrepancies when compared to experimental data. Therefore, improving the precision of the Miedema model is essential to advance its development and application in developing samarium–cobalt permanent magnet alloys. To address this issue, the enthalpies of mixing for Sm–(Co, Cu, Fe, Zr) binary alloys were calculated using the modified model. In addition, the mixing enthalpy (ΔH), excess entropy (S

E
), excess Gibbs free energy (G

E
), component activity (α) and binary Gibbs free energy of Sm–Co and Sm–Fe were calculated. The results indicate that the improved Miedema model more accurately matches the experimental values. Sm– (Co, Fe, Cu) binary alloys tend to form intermetallic compounds easily, whereas Sm–Zr does not. The ΔH, S

E
and G

E
of Sm-(Co, Fe) are negative, and the activity of each component shows a considerable negative deviation from Raoult’s law in contrast to that of an ideal solution. In the range of 1550 ∼ 1620 K, the Gibbs free energy of SmCo5 and Sm2Co17 reactions is negative with the Sm2Co17 phase being thermodynamically more stable than the SmCo5 phase.
Profile improvement of blade coated circuits by the capillary force originating from the hydrophobic sidewalls
Authors: Tang Cheng , Liu Rui , Zhu Shanyou , Jiang Subin , Shui Ke , Lin Jian , Ma Chang-Qi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Restricting the diffusion of conductive inks plays a key role in printed electronics application. Micro-channels with different sidewall surface energies, which can be approximated as a capillary, are fabricated to restrict the blade-coated ink diffusion using both of the gravitational effect and the capillary force. The coffee ring effect of aqueous silver ink is inhibited by the capillary force when the hydrophobic sidewalls distance is no more than 50 μm in this paper. As a result, the conductive lines with improved cross-sectional profiles are obtained by this method, with the typical resistivity more than 108 times lower than the measured results with hydrophilic sidewalls. The capillary force was also found to lose its effect when the width is larger enough, which needs surfactant addition to improve the silver film property. I–V curves of the original aqueous ink and the ink improved by traditional methods shows that the profile improvement by the hydrophobic sidewall can be used with other ink improving methods cooperatively. These studies open up the possibility of improving the printed conductive patterns by this method as an auxiliary tool used together with the traditional methods reported before.
Single-layer digitized-counterdiabatic quantum optimization for p-spin models
Authors: Guan Huijie , Zhou Fei , Albarrán-Arriagada Francisco , Chen Xi , Solano Enrique , Hegade Narendra N , Huang He-Liang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Quantum computing holds the potential for quantum advantage in optimization problems, which requires advances in quantum algorithms and hardware specifications. Adiabatic quantum optimization is conceptually a valid solution that suffers from limited hardware coherence times. In this sense, counterdiabatic quantum protocols provide a shortcut to this process, steering the system along its ground state with fast-changing Hamiltonian. In this work, we take full advantage of a digitized-counterdiabatic quantum optimization algorithm to find an optimal solution of the p-spin model up to four-local interactions. We choose a suitable scheduling function and initial Hamiltonian such that a single-layer quantum circuit suffices to produce a good ground-state overlap. By further optimizing parameters using variational methods, we solve with unit accuracy two-spin, three-spin, and four-spin problems for 100%, 93%, and 83% of instances, respectively. As a particular case of the latter, we also solve factorization problems involving 5, 9, and 12 qubits. Due to the low computational overhead, our compact approach may become a valuable tool towards quantum advantage in the NISQ era.
Research on tool wear condition monitoring based on deep transfer learning and residual network
Authors: Ge Yong , Teo Hiu Hong , Moey Lip Kean , Tayier Walisijiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To address the issues of sample scarcity and insufficient recognition accuracy in existing deep learning models for tool wear monitoring, this study developed a milling tool wear monitoring model that combines transfer learning (TL) and deep residual networks (ResNet). The model uses continuous wavelet transform to convert vibration signals into time-frequency maps, which are then fed into the network model for analysis. ResNet50 was selected as the base feature extraction model, and transfer learning techniques were employed to update the classification layer’s weights, enabling tool wear detection. The model based on ResNet-TL achieved a detection accuracy of 94%, significantly exceeding the threshold for intelligent tool wear recognition. This accomplishment markedly improves the precision and stability of tool wear state monitoring, providing more reliable technical support for tool management in manufacturing processes. Additionally, the method demonstrated superiority in addressing the small sample problem, paving the way for future research in tool wear monitoring. By integrating advanced deep learning techniques with transfer learning, the model not only enhances detection capabilities but also improves adaptability and robustness in practical industrial applications.
Exploring communities’ utilization of Jatropha based biofuels to transition towards cleaner energy sources
Authors: Gebreslassie Mulualem G , Bahta Solomon T , Fissha Filmon , Mebrahtu Akatew H , Watts-Farmer Archie , Hagos Tesfaslassie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ethiopia is committed to using sustainable energy sources due to the limited availability of traditional fuel and their environmental damage. This study examines the viability of biofuels as an alternative fuel source in Ethiopia for community’s sustainable transition to cleaner energy. The research reviews relevant publications, policies, initiatives, and programs, identifies barriers to implementation, and collects data through literature reviews, community discussions and observations of energy experts. Ethiopia has 8.6 million hectares available for energy crops and governmental policies are encouraging the use of clean fuels. The study suggests that biofuel can support rural development and environmental sustainability. However, challenges to the widespread adoption of alternative fuels by communities exist such as flawed policies, limited technical skills, insufficient maintenance experts, a scarcity of biofuel production companies, and inadequate markets for biofuel seeds. To achieve a sustainable future through the use of clean energy in the country, policy interventions and investment strategies are necessary. All stakeholders must adopt policies and develop capacity-building programs while providing incentives for developers and users.
Asymmetries
Authors: Shoemaker David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter lays out ten seeming asymmetries between the ordinary conception of blame and the ordinary conception of praise. These asymmetries include differences in the “demands” made by each, the “desert” status of each, whether there are emotions typically involved, whether it can be purely attitudinal or must be expressed, whether morality is implicated, what excusing conditions for each obtain, whether they target quality of will, whether some moral justification is needed for their deployment, whether a certain sort of standing is needed to issue them, and whether they are dangerous to those blamed or praised. Once the asymmetries are laid out, a few ways of addressing them are surveyed, a revisionary one from philosophy, and an endorsing one from psychology. Both approaches are found wanting, and this motivates a third option, to be detailed in the remainder of Part One.
Hazards
Authors: Shoemaker David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Blame’s stings are obviously hazardous, both when it’s too much or too little, creating monsters (e.g., Robert Harris) or entitled jerks. This chapter argues that praise risks symmetrical hazards. When overdone and when it’s underdone (or inconsistently done), it can create narcissists, who are both relatively unhappy themselves and hazardous to the people around them. Once narcissists are introduced to the picture, however, there is a new worry that arises: While narcissists can accept (and crave) praise, they can’t accept angry blame; it simply doesn’t latch onto them the way it does non-narcissists. If so, this suggests that there may be a deep asymmetry in the entire enterprise, that the capacities necessary for being a proper target of blame are just (asymmetrically) different from the capacities necessary for being a proper target of praise.
Conclusion
Authors: Shoemaker David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this concluding chapter, a summary of the arguments of the book is provided, along with a final chart detailing the full architecture of blame and praise. Added in Part Two to the design presented at the end of Part One are discussions of non-emotional forms of blame/praise (e.g., sanctions and rewards), blame’s and praise’s other- and self-directed forms, and the normative grounds of the system’s component parts, including pure attitudinal forms of blame, mocking stings, and all the other types of blaming sanctions. All that’s needed to ground blame’s (and praise’s) variety of types and modes is either fittingness or the fairness of sanctioning systems. Desert is entirely unnecessary. The chapter concludes with a discussion of a series of new data points that must be taken seriously, followed by several suggestions for different areas of focus for theorizing about responsibility going forward.
A modified dual preparatory method for improved isolation of nucleic acids from laser microdissected fresh-frozen human cancer tissue specimens
Authors: Kimble Danielle C , Litzi Tracy J , Snyder Gabrielle , Olowu Victoria , TaQee Sakiyah , Conrads Kelly A , Loffredo Jeremy , Bateman Nicholas W , Alba Camille , Rice Elizabeth , Shriver Craig D , Maxwell George L , Dalgard Clifton , Conrads Thomas P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A central theme in cancer research is to increase our understanding of the cancer tissue microenvironment, which is comprised of a complex and spatially heterogeneous ecosystem of malignant and non-malignant cells, both of which actively contribute to an intervening extracellular matrix. Laser microdissection (LMD) enables histology selective harvest of cellular subpopulations from the tissue microenvironment for their independent molecular investigation, such as by high-throughput DNA and RNA sequencing. Although enabling, LMD often requires a labor-intensive investment to harvest enough cells to achieve the necessary DNA and/or RNA input requirements for conventional next-generation sequencing workflows. To increase efficiencies, we sought to use a commonplace dual preparatory (DP) procedure to isolate DNA and RNA from the same LMD harvested tissue samples. While the yield of DNA from the DP protocol was satisfactory, the RNA yield from the LMD harvested tissue samples was significantly poorer compared to a dedicated RNA preparation procedure. We determined that this low yield of RNA was due to incomplete partitioning of RNA in this widely used DP protocol. Here, we describe a modified DP protocol that more equally partitions nucleic acids and results in significantly improved RNA yields from LMD-harvested cells.
MOY 2 - ‘Cachexia Index’ for Prognostication in Surgical Patients with Locally Advanced Oesophageal or Gastric Cancer: A Multicentre Cohort Study
Authors: Brown Leo , Thomson Georgina , Gardner Ellen , Chien Siobhan , Crumley Andrew , Skipworth Richard 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Features of cancer cachexia are known to adversely influence patient outcomes, yet few currently inform clinical decision-making. This study assessed the value of ‘cachexia index’ (CXI), a novel prognostic marker, in patients planned for curative multimodal therapy (neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and surgery) for oesophagogastric cancer.

Methods
Consecutive patients newly diagnosed with locally advanced (T3/4 or ≥N1) oesophagogastric cancer were identified through the West of Scotland and South-East Scotland Cancer Networks. CXI was calculated as (L3 skeletal muscle index) x (serum albumin) / (neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio). Sex-stratified cut-off values were determined based on area under the curve (AUC), and patients were divided into low and normal CXI groups. Primary outcomes of interest were disease progression during NAC and overall survival (≥5-years follow-up).

Results
Overall, 385 patients (72% male, median 66 years) were treated with NAC for oesophageal (n=274) or gastric (n=111) cancer across the study period. While patients with a low CXI (males: &lt;52 [AUC: 0.691] and females: &lt;41 [AUC: 0.759]) were older and more comorbid, disease characteristics were comparable to those with a normal CXI. Rates of disease progression during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, leading to inoperability, were higher in patients with low CXI (28% vs. 12%, aOR: 3.07 (95% CI: 1.67-5.64), p&lt;0.001). Moreover, low CXI was associated with worsened post-operative mortality (p=0.019) and decreased overall survival (median: 14.9 vs. 56.9 months, aHR: 1.85 (95% CI: 1.42-2.42), p&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
CXI represents a valuable marker of ‘host stage’, and a potential adjunct to routine tumour staging. This could improve prognostication and decision-making in patients with locally advanced oesophagogastric cancer.
BJS 1 - Endoscopic histopathology results in patients undergoing oesophageal cell collection device and biomarker testing for Barrett’s oesophagus surveillance
Authors: Chien Siobhan , Glen Paul , Fullarton Grant 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Barrett’s oesophagus surveillance places significant burden on endoscopy services, yet is fundamental to detect early cancerous change. Oesophageal cell collection device (OCCD) testing was introduced across Scotland for Barrett’s surveillance in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This national retrospective study presents the CytoSCOT programme results and evaluates whether OCCD testing is successfully identifying high-risk Barrett’s patients requiring urgent endoscopy.

Methods
All patients undergoing OCCD testing using Cytosponge(TM) for Barrett’s surveillance across 11 Scottish health boards over a 32-month period were identified. Patients who underwent endoscopy within 12 months of OCCD test were included. Individual patient records were interrogated to record clinical information and OCCD test result to categorise patients into risk groups: endoscopic histopathology results were analysed according to risk group and segment length. Patients were deemed high-risk if the OCCD test demonstrated atypia and/or p53 positivity.

Results
4204 Barrett’s OCCD tests were performed in 3745 patients: 608 patients had an endoscopy within 12 months and were included in this analysis. Patients with longer Barrett’s segments were significantly more likely to have an abnormal OCCD test (p&lt;0.001). 50/608 patients (8.2%) had high grade dysplasia or cancer on endoscopic biopsies: this relays to 1.3% of the total group (50/3745). 46/50 patients (92.0%) were deemed high-risk, triggering urgent endoscopy: this rose to 100% with insufficient tests removed. There were no missed cancers within 12 months of OCCD test in our cohort.

Conclusions
OCCD testing is an effective triage tool to identify high-risk Barrett’s surveillance patients requiring further investigation with urgent UGI endoscopy within the real-world setting.
NELA 1 - Actual and predicted 30-day mortality following emergency laparotomy using National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) and American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) risk prediction tools
Authors: Moscalu Andrei , Mohsen Fatema , Battili Mamata , Timofeiov Sergiu , Sinclair Martin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Emergency laparotomy (EL) is common, with &gt;30,000 performed annually in the UK. EL has a high 30-day mortality of 9.2%, especially in the elderly. Reliable preoperative risk assessment is essential to aid decision-making and perioperative care arrangements. NELA and ACS-NSQIP risk calculators can both be used to assess risk, and both can under or over-predict mortality.

Methods
This is a multi-center, retrospective, observational, cohort study investigating the correlation between actual 30-dm (a-30-dm) and predicted 30-dm (p-30-dm) following EL using NELA and ACS-NSQIP in adults over and under 70, over 2-years, in two UK centres. Sample size was calculated at 385 cases. Statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism 10.1.1.

Results
626 cases were analyzed. A-30-dm, NELA, and ACS-NSQIP p-30-dm in the under 70s subgroup were 5.78%, 5.53%, and 3.41% respectively, with NELA and ACS-NSQIP correlating positively with a-30-dm: R²=0.12, p&lt;0.0001 and R²=0.09, p&lt;0.0001. In over 70s, a-30-dm was 13.96%, NELA p-30-dm 14.02% and ACS-NSQIP 9.76%, with a positive correlation between the latter two (R²=0.56, p&lt;0.0001), but a weak one between a-30-dm and NELA (R²=0.04, p&lt;0.0001) or ACS-NSQIP (R²=0.02, p&lt;0.0001). For the entire cohort a-30-dm, NELA and ACS-NSQIP p-30-dm were 9.74%, 9.8%, and 6.59% respectively. NELA and ACS-NSQIP p-30-dm showed a strong positive correlation (R²=0.89; p&lt;0.0001) with only NELA showing a strong positive correlation with a-30-dm (R²=0.31, p&lt;0.0001); and not ACS-NSQIP (R²=0.05, p&lt;0.0001).

Conclusion
NELA can accurately predict 30-day mortality in patients aged &lt;70 undergoing EL but not &gt;70. ACS-NSQIP and a-30-dm correlated in a very weak manner.