bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Signaling and Function in Cardiovascular Tissues
Authors: McGee Marie A. , Abdel-Rahman Abdel A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:Excellent reviews on central N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling and function in cardiovascular regulating neuronal pools have been reported. However, much less attention has been given to NMDAR function in peripheral tissues, particularly the heart and vasculature, although a very recent review discusses such function in the kidney. In this short review, we discuss the NMDAR expression and complexity of its function in cardiovascular tissues. In conscious (contrary to anesthetized) rats, activation of the peripheral NMDAR triggers cardiovascular oxidative stress through the PI3K-ERK1/2-NO signaling pathway, which ultimately leads to elevation in blood pressure. Evidence also implicates Ca2+release, in the peripheral NMDAR-mediated pressor response. Despite evidence of circulating potent ligands (eg, D-aspartate andl-aspartate,l-homocysteic acid, and quinolinic acid) and also their coagonist (eg, glycine ord-serine), the physiological role of peripheral cardiovascular NMDAR remains elusive. Nonetheless, the cardiovascular relevance of the peripheral NMDAR might become apparent when its signaling is altered by drugs, such as alcohol, which interact with the NMDAR or its downstream signaling mechanisms.
SLC22A1/OCT1 Genotype Affects O-desmethyltramadol Exposure in Newborn Infants
Authors: Matic Maja , de Wildt Saskia N. , Elens Laure , de Hoon Jan N. , Annaert Pieter , Tibboel Dick , van Schaik Ron H. N. , Allegaert Karel 
Published: April 2016

Background:
This study determined whether the SLC22A1 [encoding the organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1)] genotype could explain, in addition to the postmenstrual age (referring to gestational plus postnatal age) and CYP2D6 genotype, the tramadol (M) pharmacokinetic variability in early infancy.

Methods:
Fifty infants, median postmenstrual age 39.5 (interquartile range: 36.8–41.3) weeks, received an i.v. M loading dose (2 mg/kg) followed by a continuous infusion (5–8 mg·kg−1·24 h−1). Blood was sampled from 4 to 24 hours after start of the M treatment, which generated 230 observations. M and O-desmethyltramadol (M1) concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results:
Linear mixed-model analysis illustrated that the SLC22A1/OCT1 genotype was independently associated with a log-transformed M1/M ratio (P = 0.013), with carriers of <2 SLC22A1/OCT1 functional gene copies having a higher M1/M ratio (2.25; 95% CI, 2.01–2.48) than infants with 2 functional gene copies (1.86; 95% CI, 1.66–2.06). The CYP2D6/SLC22A1 combined genotype was associated with 57.8% higher M1/M ratio in carriers of ≥2 CYP2D6 functional gene copies and <2 SLC22A1/OCT1 functional gene copies compared with infants with <2 active CYP2D6 functional gene copies and SLC22A1/OCT1 normal activity (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
These findings highlight the additional role of SLC22A1/OCT1 genetics in M1 exposure in neonates. They also suggest that OCT1 is already active early after birth, which may have impact on the disposition of other OCT1 substrates in this population.
SPECTRAL-DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY EVALUATION OF RETINAL STRUCTURE IN PATIENTS WITH SUSACS SYNDROME
Authors: Agarwal Aniruddha , Soliman Mohamed , Sarwar Salman , Sadiq Mohammad Ali , Do Diana V. , Nguyen Quan Dong , Sepah Yasir Jamal 
Published: April 2016

Purpose:
To report spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features in patients diagnosed with Susacs syndrome.

Methods:
Clinical report of two cases.

Results:
Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was performed in two patients diagnosed with Susacs syndrome. Both the patients had normal macular perfusion on fluorescein angiography (FA). However, SD-OCT revealed bilateral, temporal macular atrophy with disorganization and thinning of the retinal layers. The outer plexiform layer showed nodularity and waviness suggestive of ischemic swelling of the bipolar cells.

Conclusion:
Retinal structural changes in Susacs syndrome have not been described earlier. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography may be more sensitive than fluorescein angiography in detecting microstructural retinal alterations in various layers, especially in apparently perfused retina. These findings may provide an insight into the pathogenesis of Susacs syndrome.
Corneal Higher-Order Aberrations of the Anterior Surface, Posterior Surface, and Total Cornea After SMILE, FS-LASIK, and FLEx Surgeries
Authors: Wu Wenjing , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2016

Objectives:
To investigate the corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) of the anterior surface, posterior surface, and total cornea after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and compare the results using femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and femtosecond laser lenticule extraction (FLEx).

Methods:
This study included 160 eyes in total; 73 eyes underwent SMILE, 52 eyes underwent FS-LASIK, and 35 eyes underwent FLEx surgery. Corneal HOAs of the anterior surface, posterior surface, and total cornea were evaluated using a Scheimpflug camera over 6-mm diameter preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.

Results:
The anterior and total corneal HOAs significantly increased after SMILE, FS-LASIK, and FLEx surgeries, especially the spherical aberration and coma, whereas most posterior corneal HOAs remained unchanged. The SMILE procedure induced significantly lower anterior corneal and total corneal spherical aberration and third to eighth HOAs compared with FLEx surgery (P<0.01). FLEx surgery induced higher posterior corneal coma than SMILE (P=0.013) and FS-LASIK (P<0.001) surgeries.

Conclusions:
SMILE, FS-LASIK, and FLEx surgeries mainly induced coma and spherical aberrations in the anterior surface and total cornea. The SMILE procedure induced less spherical aberration of the anterior cornea and total cornea than FLEx surgery. The posterior corneal spherical aberration significantly increased after FS-LASIK surgery. The SMILE procedure seems to have fewer effects on posterior corneal coma compared with the FLEx procedure.
Care System Versus Transmitted Light Wavefront Pattern of Contact Lenses
Authors: Chiericati Stefano , Borghesi Alessandro , Cozza Federica , Ferraro Lorenzo , Acciarri Maurizio , Farris Stefano , Tavazzi Silvia 
Published: April 2016

Objectives:
This article compares the optical performance of soft contact lenses (CLs) treated with multipurpose or hydrogen peroxide care systems.

Methods:
The investigated care systems were (1) 3% hydrogen peroxide solution Oxysept (Abbot Medical Optics, Abbott Park, IL) and (2) multipurpose solution Regard (Vita Research, Ariccia, Italy). Three types of silicone hydrogel CLs were studied (comfilcon A, lotrafilcon B, and balafilcon A), unworn and exposed for 30 times to the solutions, which were replaced every 8 hr. The optical performance of the CLs was evaluated through the on-eye transmitted light wavefront patterns by considering new CLs as references. The surface morphology of the CLs was investigated by scanning electron microscopy.

Results:
Statistically significant modifications in the range 0.1 to 0.3 μm of Zernicke coefficients and modifications of the root mean square of the wavefront aberration function were found for CLs treated with multipurpose solution, in agreement with the observed modifications of the surface morphology. Statistically significant changes were also found after exposure to the hydrogen peroxide solution, but the variation of the Zernicke coefficients was found lower than 0.1 μm, thus being negligible in CL optical performances.

Conclusions:
In addition to disinfection ability and ocular surface reactions, CL care systems are different in solution-related CL optical performance. Multipurpose solutions may affect the CL surface morphology with significant modifications of the transmitted light wavefront pattern.
Leak-Free Clear Corneal Incisions in Human Cadaver Tissue: Femtosecond Laser–Created Multiplanar Incisions
Authors: Hill James E. , Binder Perry S. , Huang Ling C. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives:
To evaluate femtosecond (FS) laser–assisted leak-free clear corneal incisions (CCI) and paracentesis (P) in human eyes of deceased donors.

Methods:
Multiplanar CCI and P were created using an FS laser on human eyes of deceased donors (whole globe and corneal rims). Laser settings were programmed to multiplanar for CCI and single plane for P. Corneas were imaged by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and evaluated for leak by Seidel testing at various intraocular pressure (IOP) levels, and the wound was manipulated to mimic cataract surgery. Corneal endothelium cell damage and histological architecture were evaluated by microscopy.

Results:
The corneal incision software of the FS laser was used to create homogeneous CCI and P incisions. Morphological changes assessed by OCT and light microscopy/scanning electron microscopy showed consistent true multiplanar incisions with predefined intersecting planes. All Seidel testing was negative, indicating that FS laser–assisted incisions did not leak. Trypan blue stain of the endothelial surface showed limited cell damage from the FS laser incisions.

Conclusions:
The FS laser–created incisions corresponded well with the treatment plans, as evidenced by true multiplanar architecture. Incisions were sharply demarcated and demonstrated limited cell damage. No postprocedure leaking at extreme IOP or postcataract surgery–simulated conditions was noted. The FS laser may potentially reduce postoperative complications, such as infections that may be associated with CCI.
A Novel Surgical Approach for Oculodermal Melanocytosis: Superficial Sclerectomy
Authors: Jung Seungil , Kwon Taejung , Zhang Cheng C. , Chuck Roy S. , Kwon Ji Won 
Published: April 2016

Objective:
To report the outcomes of a new surgical method for oculodermal melanocytosis (nevus of Ota)—superficial scleral separation.

Methods:
Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with scleral pigmentation arising from oculodermal melanocysis. These patients underwent superficial scleral separation between March 2012 and February 2013. Each patient was evaluated with the followings: ocular examinations, the preoperative extent of scleral involvement of nevus of Ota, satisfaction score after surgery, histologic examination, and postoperative complications. Main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), induced refractive error, intraocular pressure (IOP), patient satisfaction scores, and anterior segment photographs.

Results:
All patients showed cosmetic improvement without any serious complications. Preoperative and postoperative BCVA, IOP, and refractive outcomes did not change significantly.

Conclusions:
Superficial scleral separation is an effective procedure for cosmetic improvement of oculodermal melanocytosis.
Modified Canaloplasty: A New, Effective, and Safe Option for Glaucoma Patients With a Disrupted Schlemm Canal Wall
Authors: Xin Chen , Chen Xiaoya , Shi Yan , Wang Huaizhou , Wang Ningli 
Published: April 2016

Purpose:
We describe a modified canaloplasty technique and report the short-term efficacy for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with disruption of Schlemm canal (SC) wall resulting from prior glaucoma surgery.

Patients and Methods:
This was a single-surgeon prospective cohort study. POAG patients scheduled for canaloplasty were included and divided into 2 groups: group1 included POAG patients without a history of glaucoma surgery and group 2 included POAG patients with failed glaucoma surgery and disrupted SC. The status of SC was determined by gonioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Standard canaloplasty procedures were performed in group 1. A modified canaloplasty technique was used in group 2. Primary outcome measures included the intraocular pressure and glaucoma medication use at various follow-up points.

Results:
Seventeen patients were enrolled in group 1 and 9 patients were enrolled in group 2. At the 12-month follow-up, there was no significant difference between groups 1 and 2 (17.8±2.7 vs. 16.7±2.4 mm Hg, respectively; P=0.362) and in the mean number of medications (0.9±1.2 vs. 0.3±0.5, respectively; P=0.061). In both groups, at all follow-up points, the intraocular pressure and the mean glaucoma medication usage had decreased significantly compared with measurements at baseline (P<0.001). The rate for successful circumferential catheterization was not significant between the 2 groups (88.2% vs. 77.8%, P=0.063).

Conclusion:
Modified canaloplasty is a feasible, safe, and potentially effective option for patients with POAG and regions of SC disruption resulting from previous glaucoma-filtering surgery.
IOP Elevation After Cataract Surgery: Results for Residents and Senior Staff at Henry Ford Health System
Authors: Elfersy Adrian J. , Prinzi Robert A. , Peracha Zuhair H. , Kim Daniel D. , Crandall David A. , Darnley-Fisch Deborah A. , Imami Nauman R. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose:
To determine the incidence of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation on postoperative day 1 (POD1) after cataract surgery performed by resident surgeons compared with attending surgeons and to examine the influence of associated variables on the incidence of postoperative IOP elevation.

Patients and Methods:
Retrospective review of 2472 consecutive 2.2 to 2.8 mm temporal clear corneal cataract extractions by phacoemulsification performed by either residents or attending surgeons at Henry Ford Health System. Fellow eyes were excluded, resulting in 1847 eyes. IOP measurements of >40, >30, and >23 mm Hg were noted along with incremental IOP elevations of ≥10 and 20 mm Hg over preoperative/baseline IOP. Associated variables included: age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glaucoma, glaucoma suspect, uveitis, prior ocular trauma, and vitreous loss at surgery.

Results:
Resident-performed cataract surgery was associated with statistically significant higher rates of IOP elevation in all categories and in all clinical situations known to be associated with postoperative IOP spike, that is, vitreous loss at surgery, prior ocular trauma, and preexisting glaucoma.

Conclusions:
The incidence of postoperative day 1 IOP elevation after phacoemulsification performed by resident surgeons was 2 to 5 times that of experienced cataract surgeons. Variables including vitreous loss at surgery, prior ocular trauma, preexisting glaucoma, glaucoma suspect status, and male sex were significant contributors. Consideration for prophylactic IOP lowering is advised in high-risk patients.
Laboratory Investigations for Diagnosis of Autoimmune and Inflammatory Periocular Disease: Part I
Authors: Srinivasan Archana , Kleinberg Teri T. , Murchison Ann P. , Bilyk Jurij R. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose:
To review the important laboratory serological investigations routinely performed for the diagnosis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases of the orbit and ocular adnexa.

Methods:
Review of the literature as well as personal clinical experience of the authors.

Results:
Periocular inflammation is a blanket term which refers to a wide variety of conditions affecting the orbit and the ocular adnexa. Although the etiology of each of these conditions is different, their similarity lies in their clinical presentation and in the fact that each of them can be vision-threatening and even life-threatening if left untreated.

Conclusions:
This review covers important laboratory serological investigations specific to entities routinely encountered by orbitologists. The technique, parameters measured, and clinical importance of each of these laboratory tests are discussed in detail. Due to the extensive nature of the topic, the review has been split into 2 parts. Part I covers thyroid eye disease, IgG4-related disease, and myasthenia gravis. In part II of the review, sarcoidosis, vasculitis, Sjögren syndrome, and giant cell arteritis will be discussed.
Thyroid-Related Orbital Decompression Surgery: A Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors and Outcomes
Authors: Wu Chris Y. , Niziol Leslie M. , Musch David C. , Kahana Alon 
Published: April 2016

Purpose:
Despite the number of publications on orbital decompression surgery for thyroid eye disease, there are few comparative studies and most studies are underpowered. The goal of the study is to use multivariable analysis to identify independent patient and disease-related predictors of response to decompression surgery and of need for secondary decompressions.

Methods:
The authors retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent transorbital thyroid-related orbital decompression surgery at the Kellogg Eye Center of the University of Michigan between 1999 and 2014. Demographic, medical, and surgical covariates were collected. Decompression techniques included medial, lateral, and balanced decompressions, with or without orbital fat removal. Main outcomes included proptosis reduction and secondary decompressions, both analyzed at the orbital level. Univariate and multivariable analyses (with adjustment for interorbit correlation) were conducted to determine predictors of the outcomes of interest.

Results:
Mean proptosis reduction was 3.8 ± 2.4 mm (mean ± standard deviation, N = 420 orbits). The secondary decompression rate was 13.8% (82/594). On multivariable mixed linear regression, larger preoperative proptosis (p < 0.0001), balanced decompression (p = 0.0002), thyroid eye disease duration < 4 years (p = 0.0093), and history of orbital radiation (p = 0.0111) were all predictive of greater proptosis reduction. On multivariable survival modeling, factors associated with increased hazard for secondary decompression include younger age (p = 0.0434), larger preoperative proptosis (p = 0.0001), unilateral decompression (p = 0.0272), preoperative steroid treatment (p = 0.0200), and normal thyroid function (p = 0.0148). Factors associated with decreased hazard include adjunctive fat decompression (p = 0.0004), balanced decompression (vs. lateral, p = 0.0039), and African-American ethnicity (p = 0.0076).

Conclusions:
Despite a diverse study cohort, the authors have identified factors associated with clinically relevant outcomes of decompression surgery for thyroid eye disease, including proptosis reduction and incidence of secondary decompression. Randomized controlled trials of different treatment algorithms for TED are needed to devise optimized guidelines for individualizing surgical care.
Nontraumatic Clostridium septicum Myonecrosis in Adults
Authors: Forrester Joseph D. , Shkolyar Eugene , Gregg David , Spain David A. , Weiser Thomas G. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Clostridium septicum is a spore-forming anaerobic gram-positive rod capable of causing rapidly progressive nontraumatic myonecrosis. A case of nontraumatic C. septicum myonecrosis (ntCSM) is described. A systematic review of all published cases of ntCSM from 2000–2015 was performed. Twenty-three cases of ntCSM were identified. The median age was 67 years (range, 26–84 years) and 15 (68%) were men. Only 5 (21%) patients had multifocal disease. Diabetes mellitus was the most common preexisting medical condition present in 9 (39%) patients. Occult colon cancer was frequently associated with ntCSM and most commonly right-sided colon cancer (69%). Only 10 (42%) patients survived. Clostridium septicum myonecrosis is a surgical emergency associated with morbidity and mortality. Rapid and aggressive debridement remains the cornerstone of care, although mortality has changed little in the last 30 years, suggesting an opportunity for improving diagnosis, treatment, or both.
The reciprocal associations between catastrophizing and pain outcomes in patients being treated for neuropathic pain: a cross-lagged panel analysis study
Authors: Racine Mélanie , Moulin Dwight E. , Nielson Warren R. , Morley-Forster Patricia K. , Lynch Mary , Clark Alexander J. , Stitt Larry , Gordon Allan , Nathan Howard , Smyth Catherine , Ware Mark A. , Jensen Mark P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCatastrophizing is recognized as a key psychosocial factor associated with pain-related negative outcomes in individuals with chronic pain. Longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the temporal relationship between these constructs. The aim of this study was to determine if changes in catastrophizing early in treatment predicted subsequent changes in pain intensity and interference later in treatment, or alternately, if early changes in pain intensity and interference predicted subsequent changes in catastrophizing. A total of 538 patients with neuropathic pain were recruited from 6 multidisciplinary pain clinics across Canada. Study participants were asked to complete measures of catastrophizing, pain intensity, and interference when first seen in the clinic and then again at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Cross-lagged panel analyses were used to determine the temporal associations among the study variables. The results showed that decreases in catastrophizing early in treatment prospectively predicted improvement in both pain intensity and interference later in treatment. Converse temporal relationships were also found, where a reduction in pain intensity and interference early in treatment predicted a subsequent diminishing of catastrophizing. All 4 unique cross-lagged correlations significantly accounted for an additional 4% to 7% of the total variance. The findings are consistent with theoretical models hypothesizing a causal impact of catastrophizing on pain, suggesting a mutual causation between these factors. The results support that treatments targeting catastrophizing may influence other pain-related outcomes, and conversely that treatments aiming to reduce pain could potentially influence catastrophizing. There may therefore be multiple paths to positive outcomes.
Short-Term Intensive Rehabilitation Induces Recovery of Physical Function After 7 Days of Bed Rest in Older Adults
Authors: Ellison Jennifer Barbee , Drummond Micah , Dickinson Jared M. , McGaugh Janna Michelle , Paddon-Jones Doug , Volpi Elena 
Published: April 2016

Purpose:
Hospitalization can result in functional loss, especially in older adults. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of intensive rehabilitation on changes in physical function in healthy older subjects after 1 week of bed rest and 3 days of rehabilitation.

Methods:
Six healthy subjects older than 60 years completed 7 days of bed rest followed by 3 days of rehabilitation including stretching, strengthening, balance, gait, and stair climbing.

Results:
Bed rest reduced the distance walked over 6 minutes, slowed gait speeds, and increased sit-to-stand times. Muscle flexibility and isokinetic quadriceps strength varied after bed rest. Three days of rehabilitation restored outcomes measures to baseline levels.

Conclusions:
A short bout of focused rehabilitation after a week of bed rest restored physical function measures to pre-bed rest levels in healthy older subjects. Similar training protocols may result in increased functional measures in older hospitalized patients.