bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canada goose nest survival at rural wetlands in north‐central Iowa
Authors: Ness Brenna N. , Klaver Robert W. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe last comprehensive nest survival study of the breeding giant Canada goose (Branta canadensis maxima) population in Iowa, USA, was conducted >30 years ago during a period of population recovery, during which available nesting habitat consisted primarily of artificial nest structures. Currently, Iowa's resident goose population is stable and nests in a variety of habitats. We analyzed the effects of available habitat on nest survival and how nest survival rates compared with those of the expanding goose population studied previously to better understand how to maintain a sustainable Canada goose population in Iowa. We documented Canada goose nest survival at rural wetland sites in north‐central Iowa. We monitored 121 nests in 2013 and 149 nests in 2014 at 5 Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) with various nesting habitats, including islands, muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) houses, and elevated nest structures. We estimated daily nest‐survival rate using the nest survival model in Program MARK. Survival was influenced by year, site, stage, presence of a camera, nest age, and an interaction between nest age and stage. Nest success rates for the 28‐day incubation period by site and year combination ranged from 0.10 to 0.84. Nest survival was greatest at sites with nest structures (β = 17.34). Nest survival was negatively affected by lowered water levels at Rice Lake WMA (2013 β = −0.77, nest age β = −0.07). Timing of water‐level drawdowns for shallow lake restorations may influence nest survival rates. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Modifying M‐44s to reduce risk of activation by swift fox
Authors: Young Julie K. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTM‐44s are spring‐powered sodium cyanide ejectors commonly used in the United States to manage livestock depredation by coyotes (Canis latrans). While highly selective for canids, improvements could reduce risk to nontarget canids, especially State‐Endangered or ‐Threatened canids such as the swift fox (Vulpes velox). In 2012–2013, we tested M‐44s set at modified heights to determine whether height modifications reduced risk to swift foxes without reducing activation rates by coyotes. We presented captive coyotes housed at the USDA National Wildlife Research Center's Predator Research Facility, Millville, Utah, USA, with M‐44s at various test heights to determine a height that would still ensure activation and then M‐44s set at 15‐cm height were placed in pens with captive swift foxes at the Cochrane Ecological Institute, near Cochrane, Alberta, Canada, to evaluate their ability to activate M‐44s. M‐44s were next set in the field as 31 matched pairs within North Dakota, USA. For each matched pair, 1 was set at standard height, where the body of the device was entirely below ground level and only the mouth piece was above ground, and 1 at a modified height, where the top of the mouth pieces was set 15–18 cm above ground level. Camera traps were used to monitor wildlife activity at M‐44s. Despite equivalent visitation rates based on camera‐trap data, only one modified M‐44 was activated by a coyote, whereas 19 M‐44s set at standard height were activated by coyotes. No swift foxes were observed during field trials, but red foxes (V. vulpes) were observed at 2 sets and did not activate the M‐44s. Modifying the height of M‐44s appears to reduce activation risk for nontarget canids, but also reduces the rate of activation by coyotes. Thus, height modifications to M‐44s may not be practical or efficient in areas with little or no risk to nontarget canids because of compromised coyote activation rates, but should be considered as an option to enable use of M‐44s for coyote management in areas where M‐44s are not currently used because nontarget, small canids may co‐occur. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Clinical Significance of Conventional Karyotype and QF-PCR in Detection of Fetal Chromosomal Abnormalities
Authors: Kozaric Mirza , Hukic Mirsada , Hasic Azra , Kozaric Alma , Kurtovic-Kozaric Amina 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study aims to compare the advantages of two widely used methods for fetal chromosomal detection, karyotyping and QF-PCR, together with the indications for invasive prenatal diagnosis. We retrospectively investigated 888 amniocenteses analyzed by karyotyping only or karyotyping combined with QF-PCR. We assessed the results of each method and compared them to the indications for prenatal testing including maternal age, fetal ultrasound findings, and serum screening. We found 39 (4.4%) abnormalities, where 59% of those abnormalities were numerical and 41% were structural abnormalities undetectable by QF-PCR methods. Many structural abnormalities do not have clinical significance and we found that 23% of found structural abnormalities were clinically significant but undetectable by QF-PCR (0.3% of all amniocentesis analyzed). Additional 23% of found structural abnormalities were balanced translocations which can have rare clinically significant consequences. In total, 46% of found structural abnormalities had possible clinical consequences, which were undetectable by QF-PCR, or by noninvasive prenatal testing for five common aneuploidies. Thus, QF-PCR is a reliable method to detect most common fetal aneuploidies, but karyotyping should be used if any other chromosomal abnormalities are suspected. Even though QF-PCR is a fast and reliable method, physicians should be aware of the limitations of various methodologies for detection of fetal abnormalities and assign the proper method to the indication for amniocentesis.
Results of the 2016 AORN Salary and Compensation Survey
Authors: Bacon Donald R. , Stewart Kim A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAORN conducted its 14th annual compensation survey for perioperative nurses in June 2016. A multiple regression model was used to examine how several variables, including job title, education level, certification, experience, and geographic region, affect nurse compensation. Comparisons between the 2016 data and data from previous years are presented. The effects of other forms of compensation (eg, on‐call compensation, overtime, bonuses, shift differentials, benefits) on base compensation rates also are examined. Additional analyses explore the effect of the economic downturn on the perioperative work environment.
Implementing No Interruption Zones in the Perioperative Environment
Authors: Wright M. Imelda 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe perioperative arena is one of the most information‐intensive, intricate, and complex work environments in health care, and it depends on sound communication to help ensure patient safety. Surgical procedures require attention, vigilance, and situational awareness. Noise and other distractions have the potential to cause mental lapses, impair thought processes, and divert attention away from tasks, increasing the likelihood of adverse patient events. However, there is no way to eliminate all noise from an OR. AORN advocates for a controlled environment in which distractions and noise are minimized. Our project presents an overview of how the No Interruption Zone concept was introduced in an outpatient surgical setting through an educational intervention. Our findings suggest that noise levels during critical phases of surgery can be reduced through focused education for perioperative team members.
Guideline Implementation: Patient Information Management
Authors: Fencl Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractClinical documentation captured in a patient's record provides health care personnel with information that can be used to guide patient care. Data collected in electronic health records can be accessed and aggregated across the health care delivery system to enhance the safety, quality, and efficacy of care. The updated AORN “Guideline for patient information management” provides guidance to perioperative personnel on documenting and managing patient information. This article focuses on key points of the guideline, which address data capture that supports the clinical workflow, incorporation of professional guidelines and standards as well as regulatory and mandatory reporting elements, use of standardized clinical terminologies, data aggregation for use in research and analytics, considerations for patient care orders, and safeguards for the patient's security and confidentiality. Perioperative RNs should review the complete guideline for additional information and for guidance when writing and updating policies and procedures.
Preoperative Screening for Sleep‐Disordered Breathing in Children: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bauer Erin E. , Lee Rebecca , Campbell Yasmine N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractClinicians frequently underestimate or do not assess sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) in children in ambulatory surgical centers. Identifying the disorder and obtaining information relevant to anesthesia management can be assisted by the use of a standard questionnaire during preoperative assessment. We wanted to determine whether a preoperative screening tool increases clinician awareness of SDB in children and leads to a decrease in perioperative respiratory adverse events. We reviewed 21 articles to identify reliable screening tools for pediatric SDB in ambulatory surgical centers and selected six articles for the review. We concluded that the Snoring, Trouble Breathing, Un‐Refreshed questionnaire is a reliable preoperative SDB identification tool and that awareness of preexisting SDB in children presenting for surgery in ambulatory surgical centers aids in designing a patient‐specific plan of care to reduce perioperative respiratory adverse events. Standardizing the use of the Snoring, Trouble Breathing, Un‐Refreshed questionnaire during the preoperative evaluation is a safety measure for pediatric surgical patients.
Clinical Issues‐December 2016
Authors: Spruce Lisa , Wood Amber 
Published: November 2016

This YearHead coveringsKey words: head cover, bouffant, skull cap, hair, scalp.Skin prepsKey words: skin preps, antiseptics, cesarean delivery, surgical site infections, abdomen.Pediatric surgical countsKey words: pediatrics, counts, surgical, retained surgical items, policy.Sterile set upKey words: sterile table, sterile set up, covering, monitoring, contamination.Surgical hand antisepsisKey words: surgical hand rub, application, surgical scrub, scrubbed areas.
Improvement in word recognition following treatment failure for sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Jan Taha A. , Kozin Elliott D. , Kanumuri Vivek V. , Sethi Rosh K. , Jung David H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesPatients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) may have word recognition scores (WRS) that correlate with pure tone average (PTA). We hypothesize that there is a subset of patients with SSNHL who have improved WRS despite stable PTA.MethodsRetrospective case review at a tertiary otolaryngology practice.ResultsWe identified 13 of 113 patients with SSNHL whose WRS increased despite overall stable pure tone averages. There was an observed average improvement in WRS by 23.8 points in this patient cohort at follow‐up, with mean initial PTA in the affected ear at 48.7 dB.ConclusionsWe identify a novel cohort of SSNHL patients that have failed treatment as measured by PTA, but who have increased WRS over time. These data have implications for patient counseling and lend insight into the pathophysiology of SSNHL.
Stability of stratified downslope flows with an overlying stagnant isolating layer
Authors: Jagannathan Arjun , Winters Kraig B. , Armi Laurence 
Published: November 2016

We investigate the dynamic stability of stratified flow configurations characteristic of hydraulically controlled downslope flow over topography. Extraction of the correct ‘base state’ for stability analysis from spatially and temporally evolving flows that exhibit instability is not easy since the observed flow in most cases has already been modified by nonlinear interactions between the instability modes and the mean flow. Analytical studies, however, can yield steady solutions under idealized conditions which can then be analysed for stability. Following the latter approach, we study flow profiles whose essential character is determined by recently obtained solutions of Winters & Armi (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 753, 2014, pp. 80–103) for topographically controlled stratified flows. Their condition of optimal control necessitates a streamline bifurcation which then naturally produces a stagnant isolating layer overlying an accelerating stratified jet in the lee of the topography. We show that the inclusion of the isolating layer is an essential component of the stability analysis and further clarify the nature and mechanism of the instability in light of the wave-interaction theory. The spatial stability problem is also briefly examined in order to estimate the downstream location where finite-amplitude features might be manifested in streamwise slowly varying flows over topography.
Expansive Legal Research
Authors: Jones Yolanda P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article will introduce an approach to teaching legal research called Expansive Legal Research. The Expansive Legal Research perspective is based upon dissertation research on legal information behavior at a law school legal aid clinic. This approach is inspired by an educational perspective called Expansive Learning, which in turn has roots in the psychological theory called Activity Theory. The Expansive Legal Research perspective includes elements inspired by Expansive Learning and Activity Theory such as a focus on an activity-centered context of both the individual and social aspects of human behavior; the design-oriented nature of human problem-solving; the role of tacit knowledge and unwritten rules in daily activity and practice; and a cultural historical approach to learning and development, where both the user and their tools are undergoing a constant process of growth and change and transformation. An Expansive Legal Research approach, and the theory it is based upon, may provide new insights into legal research instruction, and may be a useful tool for legal research instructors.
BEST INTERESTS: MULTIFACETED BUT NOT UNBOUNDED
Authors: Langford Rosemary Teele 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe best interests rule – the central fiduciary duty of company directors in a number of common law jurisdictions – encapsulates loyalty between director and company. Its multifaceted nature means that it is employed to impose a number of requirements, as demonstrated in the multi-jurisdictional analysis in this article. Contemporary commentary and cases (such as Moulin Global Eyecare Holdings Ltd. v Mei (2014) 17 HKCFAR 466, recently analysed in this Journal) have, however, doubted the fiduciary classification of the rule. This article defends the rule's fiduciary classification. After examining key facets of the rule, it demonstrates that, although flexible, the rule cannot be stretched to protect stakeholder interests independently of corporate benefit.
Perceived Stress and Social Adaptation of the Primary Caregivers of Children with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Shahrier Mohd. Ashik , Islam Md. Nurul , Debroy Mou-Mita 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe study aimed to explore whether McCubbin and Patterson’s Double ABCX model of stress and adaptation can promote a better understanding of the impacts of social support, definition of the stressor and coping strategies on stress and adaptation of the primary caregivers of Intellectually Disabled (ID) children above and beyond the effects of other factors. Structured Interview Schedule, Perceived Stress Scale (Keya, 2006) and Social Adjustment Scale (Mahmuda & Parvin, 2005) were administered on 130 caregivers of ID children and 140 caregivers of typically developing children recruited conveniently. Findings reveal that stress and adaptation of the caregivers of ID children were significantly positively associated (r = .429, p < .01). Significant variations in stress and adaptation of the caregivers of ID children were found in terms of children’s disability types (F = 14.50, df = 4/120, p < .001 for stress; F = 11.92, df = 4/120, p < .001 for adaptation) and severity of disability (F = 5.21, df = 1/120, p < .05 for stress; F = 11.14, df = 1/120, p < .01 for adaptation). Factors of the Double ABCX model of stress and adaptation created significant variations in stress (F = 17.94, df = 3/121, p < .001) and adaptation (F = 9.96, df = 3/121, p < .001) of the caregivers of ID children above and beyond the effects of other factors. The findings suggest that the Double ABCX model is valuable in understanding stress and adaptation of the primary caregivers of ID children.
Interarch comparison of intraoral pH and temperature: a pilot study
Authors: Choi Jung Eun , Lyons Karl M , McLean Mitten CB , Waddell Neil J 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Purpose of study:
The severity of tooth wear is known to have an association with intraoral pH and temperature depending on the site.

Objective:
To compare the intraoral pH and temperature between the maxillary and mandibular arch.

Methods:
Fourteen participants (mean age=25.8 years) wore a custom-made intraoral appliance fitted with a pH probe and thermocouple for 24 h while carrying out normal activities including sleep. All participants wore a maxillary appliance; four participants repeated the process and wore the mandibular appliance. Measurements were taken from the palatal aspect of the upper central incisors and lingual aspect of the lower canines. Both qualitative and quantitative statistical analyses were conducted.

Results:
The mean intraoral pH from the maxilla was 7.32 (±0.52) and 7.07 (±0.26) for the mandible. During daytime, there was no statistical significance difference between the two arches (P=0.12). During sleep, there was a significant difference (P<0.001) between the mean pH of the maxilla, 7.0 (±0.46), and mandible, 6.46 (±0.31). The fluctuation patterns of pH and temperature from both arches were similar, but the maxilla showed more variations. The mean temperature from the mandible was slightly higher (36.18 °C (±0.96)) than the maxilla, 33.12 °C (±5.51) during daytime; however, there was no statistically significance difference in temperature between the arches during daytime (awake) or sleep (P=0.27).

Conclusion:
The results showed that there is significant difference in mean intraoral pH between the maxilla and the mandible during sleep, but not during the day and this difference may be associated variations in tooth wear between the arches.
A feed-forward loop between lncARSR and YAP activity promotes expansion of renal tumour-initiating cells
Authors: Qu Le , Wu Zhenjie , Li Yaoming , Xu Zhipeng , Liu Bing , Liu Feng , Bao Yi , Wu Dengshuang , Liu Jiayi , Wang Anbang , Chu Xiaoyuan , Sun Yinghao , Chen Cheng , Zhang Zhengyu , Wang Linhui 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRenal tumour-initiating cells (T-ICs) contribute to tumorigenesis, progression and drug resistance of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the underlying mechanism for the propagation of renal T-ICs remains unclear. Here we show that long non-coding RNA lncARSR is upregulated in primary renal T-ICs and associated with a poor prognosis of clear cell RCCs (ccRCC). Knockdown of lncARSR attenuates the self-renewal, tumorigenicity and metastasis of renal T-ICs. Conversely, forced lncARSR expression enhances T-IC properties of RCC cells. Mechanistically, the binding of lncARSR to YAP impedes LATS1-induced YAP phosphorylation and facilitates YAP nuclear translocation. Reciprocally, YAP/TEAD promotes lncARSR transcription, thus forming a feed-forward circuit. The correlation between lncARSR and YAP is validated in a ccRCC cohort, where the combination of these two parameters exhibits improved prognostic accuracy. Our findings indicate that lncARSR plays a critical role in renal T-ICs propagation and may serve as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine localizes to enhancer elements and is associated with survival in glioblastoma patients
Authors: Johnson Kevin C. , Houseman E. Andres , King Jessica E. , von Herrmann Katharine M. , Fadul Camilo E. , Christensen Brock C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGlioblastomas exhibit widespread molecular alterations including a highly distorted epigenome. Here, we resolve genome-wide 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in glioblastoma through parallel processing of DNA with bisulfite and oxidative bisulfite treatments. We apply a statistical algorithm to estimate 5-methylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and unmethylated proportions from methylation array data. We show that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is depleted in glioblastoma compared with prefrontal cortex tissue. In addition, the genomic localization of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in glioblastoma is associated with features of dynamic cell-identity regulation such as tissue-specific transcription and super-enhancers. Annotation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine genomic distribution reveal significant associations with RNA regulatory processes, immune function, stem cell maintenance and binding sites of transcription factors that drive cellular proliferation. In addition, model-based clustering results indicate that patients with low-5-hydroxymethylcytosine patterns have significantly poorer overall survival. Our results demonstrate that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine patterns are strongly related with transcription, localizes to disease-critical genes and are associated with patient prognosis.