bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards the Enhancement of Buildings’ Sustainability: IoT-Based Building Management Systems (IoT-BMS)
Authors: Mostafa Basma , Ahmed Sherif , Ghoniemy Tarek , Al-Sakkaf Abobakr 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The building sector is the primary consumer of energy, especially electricity. Energy consumption results in greenhouse gas emissions, depletion of natural resources, and finance consumption. Nowadays, buildings are increasingly expected to meet higher and more complex performance requirements. Among these requirements, energy efficiency is recognized as an international goal to promote energy sustainability. Therefore, monitoring, controlling, and managing energy are the key goals of building management that opt for energy efficiency and cost-effective operation and maintenance, which are the main objectives of sustainable development goals. The building sector is significant in its function and requires more energy to operate and maintain, especially for lighting, achieving appropriate thermal comfort, and managing IT systems and other equipment. The reliability and flexibility offered by wireless technologies have been the driving force toward the vision of the Internet of Things (IoT). They have contributed to attracting growing interest in the market. This work presents an energy-efficient IoT solution to monitor the energy consumption model by deploying a Building Management System (BMS). Integrating multiple battery-operated sensors into the building allows critical data to be dynamically provided in real-time to improve overall building efficiency. Introducing the IoT in managing energy in buildings can be more cost-effective and convenient than traditional building BMSs.
Neighborhood housing design using fifth generation manifesto towards nearly zero energy urban developments
Authors: Fahmy Mohammad , Essam Bassel , Elshafei Mohamed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Since cities are growing faster than ever before, this paper traces directly that the fifth generation of sustainable city dimensions is not a prosperous idea or a welfare mode of sustainability but a vital effective way to adapt to Climate change, provide energy production, increase carbon reduction, and enhance pedestrian-occupant thermal comfort. It is a systematic method to alleviate urban canyon temperatures, maximize shading in summer, enhance energy production, and minimize heat transfer. It shows better results than designing apartment buildings with parcel planning with its four wall surfaces absorbing heat all day long. Early from schematic design, the emphasis is based on freehand sketching, adjusting urban aspect ratio, courtyard housing closure ratio, compactness degree, and microclimatic orientation, then adding a layer of humanization with green corridors, and tree species numerically modeled based on microclimate with courtyarded passive housing clusters, moving towards detailed design execution with SCEB bearing wall construction having the majority of its mixture of clay which enhances thermal mass insulation, climate adaptation, indoor thermal comfort, and a green job opportunity. Afterward adding energy plus BIPV on the whole constructed microclimatic-based roof to twist the neighborhood into a power bank saving energy consumption, and to work as a double roof shading. It shows on the other urbanism coin side walkability, sequential visual order, urban identity, and architectural character. Numerical outdoor-indoor coupled simulations took place using Envi-met and DesignBuilder while meteorological and biometeorological parameters were measured. The new recipe ignites a sense of harmonizing results in enhancing environmental sustainability measures.
Assessing indoor temperature control using different materials and designs
Authors: Micheal A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Controlling indoor temperature in buildings is gaining much importance. This is attributed to the increasing awareness around the world of the mandate reduction in fossil fuel consumption to produce electricity necessary to control temperature inside buildings. This research studies the potential to improve the indoor environment of buildings using different materials either insulators or incorporated inside a building and façade design. The study involves phase changing materials (PCM), thermal insulation materials and façade shading and design. Thermal insulation materials include mineral wool and polystyrene boards, which are the most popular insulators in arid countries. Wood cladding influence on the indoor temperature is also studied. To investigate the effect of facade design on the indoor temperature, two shading devices are used; horizontal and vertical shading elements and a combination of both. Furthermore, the effect of window to wall ratio on the indoor temperature is also studied. To conduct the investigation, an experimental simulation for a 1:5 scaled 3mx3mx3m room is performed. The effect of solar heat is simulated using a sun simulator. Different combinations are investigated to develop guidelines for the engineers to foster the incorporation of materials/design combinations to reduce the users’ dependency on the active techniques to control indoor temperature.
The Impact of Smart Materials Usage in Buildings Envelope: an Approach to Investigate Energy Consumption Versus The Aesthetics Forming The City Image in New Agglomerations
Authors: Awad Abdelhamed Soliman Samar , Nayer Aida 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The notion of creating New Agglomerations often demonstrates the challenge between maintaining city’s identity and the necessity to adopt contemporary building materials. The main target in the current era is to monitor the degree of sustainable strategies adopted while defining the potential materials used whether in the construction process or for final building envelopes. This study aims to evaluate the implications of energy-saving potential of smart glazing materials in building envelopes through a comparative analysis creating the emergent city image created by building façade systems. A thorough review presents various types of smart glazing materials performance versus traditional glazing systems, in terms of heating and cooling results. The research presents a case study of actual buildings deploying smart glazing systems to provide real-world evidence of their energy-saving potential. The results showed that smart glazing materials can significantly reduce energy consumption compared to traditional glazing systems. The results also indicated that the performance of smart glazing materials varies with different types of materials, and the specific energy-saving potential depends on factors such as building orientation, glazing area, and climate conditions. This study provides insights related to emergent design decisions for new agglomerations in terms of energy-efficient building envelopes and energy consumption strategies.
Challenges of Implementing Integrated Project Delivery in the Construction Industry in Egypt
Authors: Refahy D F , Othman A A E , Nessim A A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The construction industry, being one of the biggest sectors globally, has a crucial part to play in achieving global sustainability goals. However, it faces criticism for practices that impede sustainability in construction projects. This is often attributed to the continued reliance on traditional construction methods and contracts, which typically separate design and construction phases. This separation hampers communication among project stakeholders and hinders construction professionals from offering feedback to improve project performance. Despite various efforts to address the shortcomings of traditional procurement methods and contracts, this issue persists. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) offers a fresh strategy that combines people, systems, business models, and practices to boost value for clients, reduce waste, encourage teamwork, and increase efficiency throughout the entire project. Nonetheless, integrating this approach into the construction sector in Egypt and the MENA region encounters several hurdles. This study aims to explore the challenges associated with implementing IPD in Egypt’s construction industry. This research employs a qualitative approach, grounding its findings in a thorough review of literature and detailed case studies. It explores the nature of the construction industry, sustainability efforts, construction contracts, and IPD. Furthermore, it includes an analysis of three case studies to shed light on the benefits of implementing IPD in construction projects.
Artificial Intelligence Towards Enhancing the Risk Management Practices During the Design Process
Authors: Algheetany N , Othman A A E , Alamoudy F O 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The design process across various industries involves intricate decision-making, problem-solving, and consideration of multiple factors. However, risks during the design process can jeopardize project success and lead to costly errors. Traditional risk management approaches in design often rely on manual & computerized analysis, which is time-consuming, limited in scope, and prone to human biases. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) presents an opportunity to revolutionize risk management in design. AI algorithms can process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and provide predictive insights, enhancing risk identification and mitigation. This research aims to investigate the relationship between design risks and AI towards enhancing the risk management process. Using a mixed methodology approach, a qualitative method was used through investigating previous literature to identify traditional risk management limitations, design risks and AI tools and methods. Secondly, relationship between identified risks and AI tools was proposed. This was followed by quantitative method through case studies analysis that assess the validity of the proposed relationship. The goal is to establish a new paradigm where AI and risk management converge to create a future where risks that occur during the design process can effectively be identified and managed, fostering innovation and improving project outcomes.
A novel compact xerographic system for 3D printing of fluoropolymer powders onto metal surfaces
Authors: Ryu Hyung Ju , Chen Yiting , Chen Aotian , Moeinnia Hadi , Nemir Omar , Khan Sami , Kim Woo Soo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study introduces a compact xerographic 3D printing system that utilizes precise layer-by-layer dry powder transfer techniques, facilitating the fabrication of 3D objects directly on metal substrates. By leveraging electrostatic force to coat dry fluoroethylene vinyl ether powder onto metallic surfaces, our innovative method significantly broadens the spectrum of printable materials. Through the optimization of electrostatic potentials and powder transfer efficiency, the system successfully demonstrates the ability to produce intricate 3D structures with heights ranging from millimeters to centimeters. This novel approach not only showcases the potential for creating flexible electronic materials with complex 3D geometries directly on the metal substrate but also opens new avenues for diverse material applications within the field of advanced xerographic 3D printing technology.
Mechanism and manufacturing of 4D printing: derived and beyond the combination of 3D printing and shape memory material
Authors: Feng Pei , Yang Feng , Jia Jiye , Zhang Jing , Tan Wei , Shuai Cijun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Four-dimensional (4D) printing is regarded as a methodology that links 3D printing to time, which is characterized by the evolution of predetermined structures or functions for the printed object after applying stimulation. This dynamic feature endows 4D printing the potential to be intelligent, attracting wide attention from academia and industry. The transformation of shape and function is both obtained from the programming of the object endowed by the intrinsic characteristics of the material or by the manufacturing technology. Therefore, it is necessary to understand 4D printing from the perspective of both mechanism and manufacturing. Here, the state-of-the-art 4D printing polymer was summarized, beginning with the classifications, and leading to the mechanisms, stimulations, and technologies. The links and differences between 4D printing polymer and shape memory polymer, between 4D printing and 3D printing were highlighted. Finally, the biomedical applications were outlined and the perspectives were discussed.
Research on temperature performance prediction of vortex tubes based on artificial neural networks
Authors: Han Zhihong , Li Shenshen , Liu Shuyang , Gan Dejun , Huang Zhiyuan , Li Qiang , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study constructs a hybrid neural network model by integrating the physical constraints of the Bernoulli equation and Nikolaev’s formula. The model is designed to explore and predict the variation pattern of the cold end temperature in a vortex tube. The input parameters include inlet pressure, inlet temperature, and cold mass fraction, with the cold end temperature as the output parameter. The network employs a multilayer feedforward model and the Levenberg–Marquardt learning algorithm, using a hyperbolic tangent function as the activation function. To evaluate the statistical validity of the developed model, the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) are utilized, along with an analysis of the model’s uncertainty and robustness. The hybrid model achieves an R2 of 0.9936 and an RMSE of 0.3392, demonstrating strong performance in terms of uncertainty and robustness. These results indicate that the model accurately predicts the cold end temperature variation in the vortex tube. Furthermore, the findings reveal an optimal pressure range (0.49 MPa to 0.76 MPa) and cold mass fraction range (0.1 to 0.2) that minimize the cold end temperature.
UWB distance estimation errors in (non-)line of sight situations within the context of 3D analysis of human movement
Authors: Yogesh Vinish , Rook Jan Willem A , Keizers Thomas , Voort Carsten , Buurke Jaap H , Veltink Peter H , Baten Chris T M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Integrated Ultrawideband (UWB) and Magnetic Inertial Measurement Unit (MIMU) sensors are becoming popular for indoor localization applications, as a higher accuracy can be achieved than with just MIMU sensors. These integrated sensors could extend stability and accuracy in the field of 3D analysis of human movement (3D AHM) if they can deliver position estimates with an accuracy close to 1 cm. Achieving this high accuracy of 1 cm remains challenging, with most studies reporting position estimation errors around 5 cm, often due to Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) conditions and systematic UWB sensor distance estimation errors. Studying the distance error characteristic of UWB in situations of 3D AHM is essential to deal with these errors. While research on UWB distance errors in Line of Sight (LOS) and NLOS situations exists, few studies focus on the NLOS errors caused by the human body and were not in the relevant scenarios of 3D AHM. Therefore, this article examines UWB sensor performance and distance error characteristics in LOS and NLOS situations typical for the 3D AHM. Both the LOS and NLOS situations were studied in the typical 3D AHM distance range of 0.2 m to 2 m. The NLOS situations were studied first with a human subject as NLOS causing object and then with simulated human body segments (PVC pipes filled with water) of varying diameters. In LOS situations, consistent systematic bias errors were observed, along with incidental errors at specific positions in the room. In NLOS scenarios caused by the human and simulated body segments, a consistent and reproducible overestimation of distances was found. The reproducibility of these errors based on relative node and object positions suggests that systematic mitigation methods could significantly reduce errors, enabling more accurate and reproducible 3D human movement analysis.
Effect of exo-fiber ring, volume fraction and moisture on the mechanical properties of the 3D printed onyx-carbon fiber composite: an experimental study
Authors: Kiran Mudavath Uday , Punna Eshwaraiah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The present study investigates the potential of onyx-carbon fiber composites for automotive applications, like bumpers focusing on mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour. The study involves tensile, compression, and flexural tests, alongside water absorption analysis, to determine the optimal composite configuration. Results indicate that higher carbon fiber volume fractions (10%–15%) and multiple concentric layers (exo-fibers) (3–4) significantly enhance the mechanical performance. The configuration of three concentric layers with 15% carbon fiber demonstrates superior tensile strength, compressive strength, and flexural strength, along with minimal long-term water absorption. This configuration offers a balanced combination of high strength, energy absorption, and durability, making it ideal for enhancing vehicle safety and performance. Future research should focus on optimizing manufacturing techniques and exploring smart material integration to further improve the adaptive properties and damage detection capabilities of these composites, paving the way for next-generation automotive technologies.
On the Nodal Set of Solutions to a Class of Nonlocal Parabolic Equations
Authors: Audrito Alessandro , Terracini Susanna 
Published: September 2024

We investigate the local properties, including the nodal set and the nodal properties of solutions to the following parabolic problem of Muckenhoupt-Neumann type:

{

∂
t

u
¯

−

y

−
a

∇
⋅
(

y
a

∇

u
¯

)
=
0

a
m
p
;
in

B

1
+

×
(
−
1
,
0
)

−

∂
y
a

u
¯

=
q
(
x
,
t
)
u

a
m
p
;
on

B
1

×
{
0
}
×
(
−
1
,
0
)
,

\begin{equation*} \begin {cases} \partial _t \overline {u} - y^{-a} \nabla \cdot (y^a \nabla \overline {u}) = 0 \quad &\text { in } \mathbb {B}_1^+ \times (-1,0) \\ -\partial _y^a \overline {u} = q(x,t)u \quad &\text { on } B_1 \times \{0\} \times (-1,0), \end{cases} \end{equation*}

where

a
∈
(
−
1
,
1
)

a\in (-1,1)

is a fixed parameter,

B

1
+

⊂

R

N
+
1

\mathbb {B}_1^+\subset \mathbb {R}^{N+1}

is the upper unit half ball and

B
1

B_1

is the unit ball in

R

N

\mathbb {R}^N

. Our main motivation comes from its relation with a class of nonlocal parabolic equations involving the fractional power of the heat operator

H
s

u
(
x
,
t
)
=

1

|

Γ
(
−
s
)

|

∫

−
∞

t

∫

R

N

[
u
(
x
,
t
)
−
u
(
z
,
τ
)
]

G
N

(
x
−
z
,
t
−
τ
)

(
t
−
τ

)

1
+
s

d
z
d
τ
.

\begin{equation*} H^su(x,t) = \frac {1}{|\Gamma (-s)|} \int _{-\infty }^t \int _{\mathbb {R}^N} \left [u(x,t) - u(z,\tau )\right ] \frac {G_N(x-z,t-\tau )}{(t-\tau )^{1+s}} dzd\tau . \end{equation*}

We characterise the possible blow-ups and we examine the structure of the nodal set of solutions vanishing with a finite order. More precisely, we prove that the nodal set has at least parabolic Hausdorff codimension one in

R

N

×

R

\mathbb {R}^N\times \mathbb {R}

, and can be written as the union of a locally smooth part and a singular part, which turns out to possess remarkable stratification properties. Moreover, the asymptotic behaviour of general solutions near their nodal points is classified in terms of a class of explicit polynomials of Hermite and Laguerre type, obtained as eigenfunctions to an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type operator. Our main results are obtained through a fine blow-up analysis which relies on the monotonicity of an Almgren-Poon type quotient and some new Liouville type results for parabolic equations, combined with more classical results including Federer’s reduction principle and the parabolic Whitney’s extension.
Amenability and Weak Containment for Actions of Locally Compact Groups on 𝐶*-Algebras
Authors: Buss Alcides , Echterhoff Siegfried , Willett Rufus 
Published: September 2024

In this work we introduce and study a new notion of amenability for actions of locally compact groups on

C
∗

C^*

-algebras. Our definition extends the definition of amenability for actions of discrete groups due to Claire Anantharaman-Delaroche. We show that our definition has several characterizations and permanence properties analogous to those known in the discrete case. For example, for actions on commutative

C
∗

C^*

-algebras, we show that our notion of amenability is equivalent to measurewise amenability. Combined with a recent result of Alex Bearden and Jason Crann, this also settles a long standing open problem about the equivalence of topological amenability and measurewise amenability for a second countable

G
G

-space

X
X

.

We use our new notion of amenability to study when the maximal and reduced crossed products agree. One of our main results generalizes a theorem of Matsumura: we show that for an action of an exact locally compact group

G
G

on a locally compact space

X
X

the full and reduced crossed products

C
0

(
X
)

⋊

m
a
x

G

C_0(X)\rtimes _\mathrm {max}G

and

C
0

(
X
)

⋊

r
e
d

G

C_0(X)\rtimes _\mathrm {red}G

coincide if and only if the action of

G
G

on

X
X

is amenable. We also show that the analogue of this theorem does not hold for actions on noncommutative

C
∗

C^*

-algebras.

Finally, we study amenability as it relates to more detailed structure in the case of

C
∗

C^*

-algebras that fibre over an appropriate

G
G

-space

X
X

, and the interaction of amenability with various regularity properties such as nuclearity, exactness, and the (L)LP, and the equivariant versions of injectivity and the WEP.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a disease model of sarcopenia
Authors: Azzolino Domenico , Piras Rachele , Zulueta Aida , Lucchi Tiziano , Lunetta Christian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sarcopenia, the progressive decline of muscle mass and function, has traditionally been viewed as an age-related process leading to a broad range of adverse outcomes. However, it has been widely reported that sarcopenia can occur earlier in life in association with various conditions (i.e. disease-related sarcopenia), including neuromuscular disorders. As early as 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People included neurodegenerative diseases characterised by motor neuron loss among the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia. Despite some differences in pathogenetic mechanisms, both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and age-related sarcopenia share common characteristics, such as the loss of motor units and muscle fibre atrophy, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. The histology of older muscle shows fibre size heterogeneity, fibre grouping and a loss of satellite cells, similar to what is observed in ALS patients. Regrettably, the sarcopenic process in ALS patients has been largely overlooked, and literature on the condition in this patient group is very scarce. Some instruments used for the assessment of sarcopenia in older people could also be applied to ALS patients. At this time, there is no approved specific pharmacological treatment to reverse damage to motor neurons or cure ALS, just as there is none for sarcopenia. However, some agents targeting the muscle, like myostatin and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, are under investigation both in the sarcopenia and ALS context. The development of new therapeutic agents targeting the skeletal muscle may indeed be beneficial to both ALS patients and older people with sarcopenia.