bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘I just want to get on with my life’: a mixed-methods study of active management of quality of life in living with dementia
Authors: CLARKE CHARLOTTE L. , KEYES SARAH E. , WILKINSON HEATHER , ALEXJUK E. JOANNA , WILCOCKSON JANE , ROBINSON LOUISE , REYNOLDS JOANNA , MCCLELLAND SIOBHAN , HODGSON PHILLIP , CORNER LYNN , CATTAN MIMA 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe active management of the experience of living with dementia appears to improve quality of life despite the lack of disease modification. However, research to date has been largely of modest scale and explanatory factors for improvements have been under-conceptualised. Thus, although promulgated through national strategies, the evidence base is relatively weak. This paper reports on a nation-wide study of the influence of the National Dementia Strategy for England in relation to Dementia Adviser and Peer Support Network services in 40 demonstration sites. The research aimed to identify ways in which the services contribute to the wellbeing and resilience of people with dementia and care partners. A mixed-methods research design collected data through: activity and outcome monitoring; organisational surveys; in-depth case studies, including qualitative interviews with people with dementia (N = 47) and care partners (N = 54), wellbeing and quality of life measures, and interviews with staff and other stakeholders (N = 82). Three themes are explored: addressing individual and community needs; promoting independence, control and choice; and getting a life back. Services promoted independence, control and choice, and consequently enabled people to re-narrate their lives as purposeful within their communities. Ways in which these are achieved resemble the public health model of lay health advisor and this research adds to the imperative to approach dementia as a key public health concern.
Connecting orbits for a class of singular time-periodic second-order Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Tehrani Hossein 
Published: November 2016

We show the existence of connecting orbits for a class of singular second-order Hamiltonian systemswhere, as opposed to most of the existing literature, we assume that the potential V has not one but any finite number of maxima of equal value. We use variational methods under the assumption that V (t, u) satisfies the so-called ‘strong-force’ condition at the singularity.
The impact of femoral arterial thrombosis in paediatric cardiac catheterisation: a national study
Authors: Kim Jina , Sun Zhifei , Benrashid Ehsan , Southerland Kevin W. , Lawson Jeffrey H. , Fleming Gregory A. , Hill Kevin D. , Tracy Elisabeth T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have identified risk factors for femoral arterial thrombosis after paediatric cardiac catheterisation, but none of them have evaluated the clinical and economic significance of this complication at the population level. Therefore, we examined the national prevalence and economic impact of femoral arterial thrombosis after cardiac catheterisation in children.MethodsPatients⩽18 years of age who underwent cardiac catheterisation were identified in the 2003–2009 Kids’ Inpatient Database. Patients were stratified by age as follows: <1 year of age or 1–18 years of age. The primary outcome was arterial thrombosis of the lower extremity during the same hospitalisation as cardiac catheterisation. Propensity score matching was used to determine the impact of femoral arterial thrombosis on hospital length of stay, cost, and mortality.ResultsAmong the 11,497 paediatric cardiac catheterisations identified, 4558 catheterisations (39.6%) were performed in children <1 year of age. This age group experienced a higher prevalence of reported femoral arterial thrombosis, compared with children aged 1–18 years (1.3 versus 0.3%, p<0.001). After matching, femoral arterial thrombosis in children <1 year of age was associated with similar mortality (5.4 versus 1.8%, p=0.28), length of stay (8 versus 5 days, p=0.11), and total hospital cost ($27,135 versus $28,311, p=0.61), compared with absence of thrombosis.ConclusionsFemoral arterial thrombosis is especially prevalent in children <1 year of age undergoing cardiac catheterisation. Clinicians should be vigilant in monitoring femoral arterial patency in neonates and infants after cardiac catheterisation.
The neurodevelopmental implications of hypoplastic left heart syndrome in the fetus
Authors: Lloyd David F. A. , Rutherford Mary A. , Simpson John M. , Razavi Reza 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAs survival after cardiac surgery continues to improve, an increasing number of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome are reaching school age and beyond, with growing recognition of the wide range of neurodevelopmental challenges many survivors face. Improvements in fetal detection rates, coupled with advances in fetal ultrasound and MRI imaging, are contributing to a growing body of evidence that abnormal brain architecture is in fact present before birth in hypoplastic left heart syndrome patients, rather than being solely attributable to postnatal factors. We present an overview of the contemporary data on neurodevelopmental outcomes in hypoplastic left heart syndrome, focussing on imaging techniques that are providing greater insight into the nature of disruptions to the fetal circulation, alterations in cerebral blood flow and substrate delivery, disordered brain development, and an increased potential for neurological injury. These susceptibilities are present before any intervention, and are almost certainly substantial contributors to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in later childhood. The task now is to determine which subgroups of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome are at particular risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes and how that risk might be modified. This will allow for more comprehensive counselling for carers, better-informed decision making before birth, and earlier, more tailored provision of neuroprotective strategies and developmental support in the postnatal period.
More Accurate Formulas for Determination of Absolute Atom Concentration Using Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy
Authors: Hadji Noureddine 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhen the value of the dispersion coefficient is “greatly different from 0.5,” as is the case for “free-electron” materials such as sodium (Na), the approximate expression for the volume plasmon critical wave vector (PCV) used by Hadji stops being valid and a different, more precise, expression must be used. Here a more accurate PCV formula is used to get a more accurate expression for plasmon scattering cross-section per atom (PSCA) species. This PSCA is then employed to calculate some physical quantities for several “free-electron” materials and together with the techniques from the quoted paper to determine values for physical quantities from amorphous silicon (a-Si) experimental data. The program source used to obtain these values is supplied. Any valid formula for the PSCA species is, in fact, relevant for use together with the two quoted techniques. The PCV and the dispersion coefficient have upper limits. Negative dispersion coefficient values are allowed. A PCV-related dimensionless universal function that can represent all ideal “free-electron” materials is given. “Not greatly different from 0.5” is mathematically expressed.
ON A NEW CIRCLE PROBLEM
Authors: FURUYA JUN , MINAMIDE MAKOTO , TANIGAWA YOSHIO 
Published: November 2016

We attempt to discuss a new circle problem. Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}(s)$ denote the Riemann zeta-function $\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }n^{-s}$ ($\text{Re}\,s>1$) and $L(s,\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{4})$ the Dirichlet $L$-function $\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{4}(n)n^{-s}$ ($\text{Re}\,s>1$) with the primitive Dirichlet character mod 4. We shall define an arithmetical function $R_{(1,1)}(n)$ by the coefficient of the Dirichlet series $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}^{\prime }(s)L^{\prime }(s,\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{4})=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }R_{(1,1)}(n)n^{-s}$$(\text{Re}\,s>1)$. This is an analogue of $r(n)/4=\sum _{d|n}\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{4}(d)$. In the circle problem, there are many researches of estimations and related topics on the error term in the asymptotic formula for $\sum _{n\leq x}r(n)$. As a new problem, we deduce a ‘truncated Voronoï formula’ for the error term in the asymptotic formula for $\sum _{n\leq x}R_{(1,1)}(n)$. As a direct application, we show the mean square for the error term in our new problem.
Political Socialization and Change in Political Trust among Mainland Chinese Students Studying in Taiwan
Authors: WANG CHIA-CHOU 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe changing trust that Chinese students who study in Taiwan exhibit toward the Chinese government is a critical, but rarely explored topic, which is crucial for maintaining the sovereignty of Taiwan. I conducted a panel study and adopted a political socialization approach, proposing and verifying five hypotheses based on the theories of cognitive dissonance, assimilation, social contact, and social identity. The results indicate that compared with the average score for political trust that Chinese students exhibit at the time of arrival in Taiwan, the scores obtained four months later significantly declined by 0.09. Specifically, 50% of students exhibited a decreased level of political trust, whereas 33% exhibited an increased level of trust. The regression model developed in this study explains 23.6% of the variance in the changes in the political trust of Chinese students studying in Taiwan. In addition, five hypotheses were empirically supported.
Nationalisms, Modernisms and Masculinities: Strategies of Displacement in Vaughan Williams’s Reading of Walt Whitman
Authors: Collins Sarah 
Published: November 2016

At the time of his death in 1892, the paradigmatic American poet Walt Whitman was more widely celebrated in Britain than in his own country, having received the vocal support of the likes of Tennyson, William Michael Rossetti, John Addington Symonds, Swinburne (for a time) and Edward Carpenter. For these writers, Whitman’s political egalitarianism – expressed through notions of ‘manly love’ and comradeship – presented a powerful alternative to prevailing Victorian forms of political and social relations. Whitman also provided significant inspiration for British composers at the turn of the twentieth century, with settings by Holst, Delius, Grainger, Scott, Gurney, Bridge, Stanford, Wood, Vaughan Williams and others. Yet while Whitman’s transatlantic literary reception has come to be seen as a moment of crystallization in the formation of contemporary notions of homosexuality, his reception among British composers is viewed as having been highly circumscribed, focusing more on the democratic and mystical implications of Whitman’s poetry.This article suggests a different account of Vaughan Williams’s reading of Whitman, and explores the implications of this reading for our broader understanding of the relationship between several notions of nationalism, masculinity and modernism. This examination aims to complicate, inter alia, the narrative of rupture associated with the transition to modernism, by demonstrating how the continuity of intellectual concerns across aesthetic, national, and sexual spheres has been obscured by strategies of displacement.
Comparing the riskiness of dependent portfolios via nested L-statistics
Authors: Samanthi Ranadeera G.M. , Wei Wei , Brazauskas Vytaras 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA non-parametric test based on nested L-statistics and designed to compare the riskiness of portfolios was introduced by Brazauskas et al. (2007). Its asymptotic and small-sample properties were primarily explored for independent portfolios, though independence is not a required condition for the test to work. In this paper, we investigate how performance of the test changes when insurance portfolios are dependent. To achieve that goal, we perform a simulation study where we consider three different risk measures: conditional tail expectation, proportional hazards transform, and mean. Further, three portfolios are generated from exponential, Pareto, and lognormal distributions, and their interdependence is modelled with the three-dimensional t and Gaussian copulas. It is found that the presence of strong positive dependence (comonotonicity) makes the test very liberal for all the risk measures under consideration. For types of dependence that are more common in an insurance environment, the effect of dependence is less dramatic but the results are mixed, i.e., they depend on the chosen risk measure, sample size, and even on the test’s significance level. Finally, we illustrate how to incorporate such findings into sensitivity analysis of the decisions. The risks we analyse represent tornado damages in different regions of the United States from 1890 to 1999.
Group cognitive behaviour therapy combining early intervention with an exclusive focus on single medication-resistant delusional beliefs: a service evaluation
Authors: Raune David , Last Anna , Towner Sarah , Domoney Jill , Georgiades Anna 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is now the psychological treatment of choice for psychosis but meta-analyses indicate a low effect size on delusions, so further innovations are clearly needed, and group CBT for psychosis (GCBTp) is an under-researched area. This study aimed to service-evaluate the feasibility, satisfaction, safety, and effectiveness of a CBT group specifically targeting medication-resistant single delusions in early psychosis patients (EI-GCBTp). Three separate EI-GCBTp groups were run resulting in a total of 11 medication-resistant early psychosis patients. A within-subjects design tested for group change across two time points: pre-baseline (4 weeks before treatment) to baseline (session 1 of treatment) and sessions 1–8 (the treatment period). Thirteen delusion dimensions were measured from three psychosis-specific questionnaires: The Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS), Characteristics of Delusion Rating Scale, and the Belief Rating Scale. At least three patients attended each group, satisfaction scores were high, and no harm to patients was identified. With reference to effectiveness, the pre-baseline period showed virtually no change. In contrast, across the EI-GCBTp treatment period, the PSYRATS total demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in delusional severity (p < 0.01), a 31% symptom reduction, and a large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.2, 95% confidence interval = −2.53 to 0.05), statistically significant across four delusion dimensions. EI-GCBTp appears feasible, acceptable, safe, and preliminary uncontrolled effectiveness results suggest merit for larger-scale more rigorous testing of this treatment format for possible dimensional improvements of persistent delusions.
Systems-level metabolism of the altered Schaedler flora, a complete gut microbiota
Authors: Biggs Matthew B , Medlock Gregory L , Moutinho Thomas J , Lees Hannah J , Swann Jonathan R , Kolling Glynis L , Papin Jason A 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The altered Schaedler flora (ASF) is a model microbial community with both in vivo and in vitro relevance. Here we provide the first characterization of the ASF community in vitro, independent of a murine host. We compared the functional genetic content of the ASF to wild murine metagenomes and found that the ASF functionally represents wild microbiomes better than random consortia of similar taxonomic composition. We developed a chemically defined medium that supported growth of seven of the eight ASF members. To elucidate the metabolic capabilities of these ASF species—including potential for interactions such as cross-feeding—we performed a spent media screen and analyzed the results through dynamic growth measurements and non-targeted metabolic profiling. We found that cross-feeding is relatively rare (32 of 3570 possible cases), but is enriched between Clostridium ASF356 and Parabacteroides ASF519. We identified many cases of emergent metabolism (856 of 3570 possible cases). These data will inform efforts to understand ASF dynamics and spatial distribution in vivo, to design pre- and probiotics that modulate relative abundances of ASF members, and will be essential for validating computational models of ASF metabolism. Well-characterized, experimentally tractable microbial communities enable research that can translate into more effective microbiome-targeted therapies to improve human health.
An enduring rapidly moving storm as a guide to Saturn’s Equatorial jet’s complex structure
Authors: Sánchez-Lavega A. , García-Melendo E. , Pérez-Hoyos S. , Hueso R. , Wong M. H. , Simon A. , Sanz-Requena J. F. , Antuñano A. , Barrado-Izagirre N. , Garate-Lopez I. , Rojas J. F. , del Río-Gaztelurrutia T. , Gómez-Forrellad J. M. , de Pater I. , Li L. , Barry T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSaturn has an intense and broad eastward equatorial jet with a complex three-dimensional structure mixed with time variability. The equatorial region experiences strong seasonal insolation variations enhanced by ring shadowing, and three of the six known giant planetary-scale storms have developed in it. These factors make Saturn’s equator a natural laboratory to test models of jets in giant planets. Here we report on a bright equatorial atmospheric feature imaged in 2015 that moved steadily at a high speed of 450 ms−1 not measured since 1980–1981 with other equatorial clouds moving within an ample range of velocities. Radiative transfer models show that these motions occur at three altitude levels within the upper haze and clouds. We find that the peak of the jet (latitudes 10° N to 10° S) suffers intense vertical shears reaching +2.5 ms−1 km−1, two orders of magnitude higher than meridional shears, and temporal variability above 1 bar altitude level.
Random synaptic feedback weights support error backpropagation for deep learning
Authors: Lillicrap Timothy P. , Cownden Daniel , Tweed Douglas B. , Akerman Colin J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe brain processes information through multiple layers of neurons. This deep architecture is representationally powerful, but complicates learning because it is difficult to identify the responsible neurons when a mistake is made. In machine learning, the backpropagation algorithm assigns blame by multiplying error signals with all the synaptic weights on each neuron’s axon and further downstream. However, this involves a precise, symmetric backward connectivity pattern, which is thought to be impossible in the brain. Here we demonstrate that this strong architectural constraint is not required for effective error propagation. We present a surprisingly simple mechanism that assigns blame by multiplying errors by even random synaptic weights. This mechanism can transmit teaching signals across multiple layers of neurons and performs as effectively as backpropagation on a variety of tasks. Our results help reopen questions about how the brain could use error signals and dispel long-held assumptions about algorithmic constraints on learning.
Record of massive upwellings from the Pacific large low shear velocity province
Authors: Madrigal Pilar , Gazel Esteban , Flores Kennet E. , Bizimis Michael , Jicha Brian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLarge igneous provinces, as the surface expression of deep mantle processes, play a key role in the evolution of the planet. Here we analyse the geochemical record and timing of the Pacific Ocean Large Igneous Provinces and preserved accreted terranes to reconstruct the history of pulses of mantle plume upwellings and their relation with a deep-rooted source like the Pacific large low-shear velocity Province during the Mid-Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous. Petrological modelling and geochemical data suggest the need of interaction between these deep-rooted upwellings and mid-ocean ridges in pulses separated by ∼10–20 Ma, to generate the massive volumes of melt preserved today as oceanic plateaus. These pulses impacted the marine biota resulting in episodes of anoxia and mass extinctions shortly after their eruption.
Origin and structure of polar domains in doped molecular crystals
Authors: Meirzadeh E. , Azuri I. , Qi Y. , Ehre D. , Rappe A. M. , Lahav M. , Kronik L. , Lubomirsky I. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDoping is a primary tool for the modification of the properties of materials. Occlusion of guest molecules in crystals generally reduces their symmetry by the creation of polar domains, which engender polarization and pyroelectricity in the doped crystals. Here we describe a molecular-level determination of the structure of such polar domains, as created by low dopant concentrations (<0.5%). The approach comprises crystal engineering and pyroelectric measurements, together with dispersion-corrected density functional theory and classical molecular dynamics calculations of the doped crystals, using neutron diffraction data of the host at different temperatures. This approach is illustrated using centrosymmetric α-glycine crystals doped with minute amounts of different L-amino acids. The experimentally determined pyroelectric coefficients are explained by the structure and polarization calculations, thus providing strong support for the local and global understanding of how different dopants influence the properties of molecular crystals.
DNA evidence of bowhead whale exploitation by Greenlandic Paleo-Inuit 4,000 years ago
Authors: Seersholm Frederik Valeur , Pedersen Mikkel Winther , Søe Martin Jensen , Shokry Hussein , Mak Sarah Siu Tze , Ruter Anthony , Raghavan Maanasa , Fitzhugh William , Kjær Kurt H. , Willerslev Eske , Meldgaard Morten , Kapel Christian M.O. , Hansen Anders Johannes 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe demographic history of Greenland is characterized by recurrent migrations and extinctions since the first humans arrived 4,500 years ago. Our current understanding of these extinct cultures relies primarily on preserved fossils found in their archaeological deposits, which hold valuable information on past subsistence practices. However, some exploited taxa, though economically important, comprise only a small fraction of these sub-fossil assemblages. Here we reconstruct a comprehensive record of past subsistence economies in Greenland by sequencing ancient DNA from four well-described midden deposits. Our results confirm that the species found in the fossil record, like harp seal and ringed seal, were a vital part of Inuit subsistence, but also add a new dimension with evidence that caribou, walrus and whale species played a more prominent role for the survival of Paleo-Inuit cultures than previously reported. Most notably, we report evidence of bowhead whale exploitation by the Saqqaq culture 4,000 years ago.