bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isomorphic Structure of Cesàro and Tandori Spaces
Authors: Astashkin Sergey V. , Lesnik Karol , Maligranda Lech 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe investigate the isomorphic structure of the Cesàro spaces and their duals, the Tandori spaces. The main result states that the Cesàro function space$\text{Ces}_{\infty }$and its sequence counterpart$\text{ces}_{\infty }$are isomorphic. This is rather surprising since$\text{Ces}_{\infty }$(like Talagrand’s example) has no natural lattice predual. We prove that$\text{ces}_{\infty }$is not isomorphic to$\ell _{\infty }$nor is$\text{Ces}_{\infty }$isomorphic to the Tandori space$\widetilde{L_{1}}$with the norm$\Vert f\Vert _{\widetilde{L_{1}}}=\Vert \widetilde{f}\Vert _{L_{1}}$, where$\widetilde{f}(t):=\text{ess}\,\sup _{s\geqslant t}|f(s)|$. Our investigation also involves an examination of the Schur and Dunford–Pettis properties of Cesàro and Tandori spaces. In particular, using results of Bourgain we show that a wide class of Cesàro–Marcinkiewicz and Cesàro–Lorentz spaces have the latter property.
The evolution of zonally asymmetric austral ozone in a chemistry–climate model
Authors: Dennison Fraser , McDonald Adrian , Morgenstern Olaf 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Asymmetry in the Southern Hemisphere stratospheric ozone hole is important due to both direct radiative heating and its effect on dynamics. It is also a strong indicator of the underlying quality of the stratospheric dynamics of a climate model. We investigate the simulation of the zonal asymmetry in ozone in the NIWA-UKCA atmosphere–ocean chemistry–climate model using elliptical diagnostics, a methodology used for the first time in this subject area. During spring, the region most depleted in ozone is displaced from the pole toward South America based on ERA-Interim and the model output. The model correctly simulates the direction of this displacement but significantly underestimates its magnitude. The model shows that as ozone becomes increasingly depleted over the late 20th century this asymmetry in the ozone distribution moves west, before moving east as polar ozone recovers over the course of the 21st century. Comparison with model runs in which ozone-depleting substances are held fixed at pre-ozone-hole levels shows that this shift is primarily a function of the magnitude of ozone depletion, although increases in greenhouse gases also have some effect.
Global change in streamflow extremes under climate change over the 21st century
Authors: Asadieh Behzad , Krakauer Nir Y. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Global warming is expected to intensify the Earth's hydrological cycle and increase flood and drought risks. Changes over the 21st century under two warming scenarios in different percentiles of the probability distribution of streamflow, and particularly of high and low streamflow extremes (95th and 5th percentiles), are analyzed using an ensemble of bias-corrected global climate model (GCM) fields fed into different global hydrological models (GHMs) provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP) to understand the changes in streamflow distribution and simultaneous vulnerability to different types of hydrological risk in different regions. In the multi-model mean under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario, 37 % of global land areas experience an increase in magnitude of extremely high streamflow (with an average increase of 24.5 %), potentially increasing the chance of flooding in those regions. On the other hand, 43 % of global land areas show a decrease in the magnitude of extremely low streamflow (average decrease of 51.5 %), potentially increasing the chance of drought in those regions. About 10 % of the global land area is projected to face simultaneously increasing high extreme streamflow and decreasing low extreme streamflow, reflecting the potentially worsening hazard of both flood and drought; further, these regions tend to be highly populated parts of the globe, currently holding around 30 % of the world's population (over 2.1 billion people). In a world more than 4° warmer by the end of the 21st century compared to the pre-industrial era (RCP8.5 scenario), changes in magnitude of streamflow extremes are projected to be about twice as large as in a 2° warmer world (RCP2.6 scenario). Results also show that inter-GHM uncertainty in streamflow changes, due to representation of terrestrial hydrology, is greater than the inter-GCM uncertainty due to simulation of climate change. Under both forcing scenarios, there is high model agreement for increases in streamflow of the regions near and above the Arctic Circle, and consequent increases in the freshwater inflow to the Arctic Ocean, while subtropical arid areas experience a reduction in streamflow.
A sprinkling experiment to quantify celerity–velocity differences at the hillslope scale
Authors: van Verseveld Willem J. , Barnard Holly R. , Graham Chris B. , McDonnell Jeffrey J. , Brooks J. Renée , Weiler Markus 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Few studies have quantified the differences between celerity and velocity of hillslope water flow and explained the processes that control these differences. Here, we asses these differences by combining a 24-day hillslope sprinkling experiment with a spatially explicit hydrologic model analysis. We focused our work on Watershed 10 at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest in western Oregon. Celerities estimated from wetting front arrival times were generally much faster than average vertical velocities of δ2H. In the model analysis, this was consistent with an identifiable effective porosity (fraction of total porosity available for mass transfer) parameter, indicating that subsurface mixing was controlled by an immobile soil fraction, resulting in the attenuation of the δ2H input signal in lateral subsurface flow. In addition to the immobile soil fraction, exfiltrating deep groundwater that mixed with lateral subsurface flow captured at the experimental hillslope trench caused further reduction in the δ2H input signal. Finally, our results suggest that soil depth variability played a significant role in the celerity–velocity responses. Deeper upslope soils damped the δ2H input signal, while a shallow soil near the trench controlled the δ2H peak in lateral subsurface flow response. Simulated exit time and residence time distributions with our hillslope hydrologic model showed that water captured at the trench did not represent the entire modeled hillslope domain; the exit time distribution for lateral subsurface flow captured at the trench showed more early time weighting.
Café filosociológico e a experiência do pensar.
Authors: Teixeira Luciana Da Silva 
Published: November 2017

O Café Filosociológico faz parte de um dos projetos dentro das atividades complementares (aquém do desenvolvimento dos conteúdos disciplinares em sala de aula) desenvolvidas pelas disciplinas de Filosofia e Sociologia para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos no Colégio CEEBJA Paulo Freire, Curitiba-Paraná. A intenção primeira é propiciar a reflexão, o debate e a explanação de argumentos sobre determinados conteúdos escolares que estão presentes (em forma de temas) no cotidiano de cada um e em voga no momento em que se realiza. Aberto para toda comunidade escolar visa expandir o interesse das pessoas (alunos ou não das disciplinas) para a aprendizagem de ouvir e apresentar o que se pensa além do senso comum, mas com respaldo científico e filosófico.Café Filosociológico; Atividades Complementares; ensino-aprendizagem.
A Flexible Valuation Model Incorporating Declining Growth Rates
Authors: Holland Larry C 
Published: November 2017

A new model is developed in this paper which demonstrates a flexible method for modeling a cash flow stream with a declining growth rate that asymptotically approaches a mature long-term growth rate. This model can be applied when the initial growth rate in cash flows is temporarily larger than the required rate of return. A simple closed form equation of the valuation model is presented along with an example to illustrate the valuation of future cash flows with a declining growth rate. A comparison is made with the valuation from multi-stage models that have constant growth segments, the H-Model, and the Ohlson-Juettner Model. This highlights the difference in valuation that results from using this new model. An example is also included to illustrate how to match a decline curve to a specific forecast of future cash flows. This new declining growth model provides a flexible and practical approach for valuing equities.
Daders en herstel tijdens detentie: de cursussen Puinruimen, SOS en DAPPER
Authors: Zebel Sven , Vroom Marieke , Ufkes Elze 
Published: November 2017

Offenders and restoration during detention: the restorative courses Puinruimen, SOS and DAPPER
The Dutch Custodial Institutions Agency (DJI) strives for a more restorative prison culture in the Netherlands, incorporating a more victim-oriented and restorative way of working in prisons. To this end, DJI has asked for a plan and process evaluation of three restorative courses among (juvenile and adult) prisoners in the Netherlands: Puinruimen, SOS and DAPPER. This article first offers an overview of the most important findings of this evaluation which was finalized in 2016. Based on the findings of the plan evaluation, a cautious yet clearly positive picture emerges of the design and substantiation of each of the three courses examined. That is, an extensive description and substantiation exists of each course. In addition, evidence exists in the (limited) scientific literature for one of the goals that each of these courses have formulated: to increase prisoners’ awareness of the consequences of crime for victims. The literature also suggests that creating trust among participants and a safe group process during the course is helpful in attaining the goals formulated. The process evaluation of the execution of the three courses in practice further strengthens the cautious, yet positive picture painted by the plan evaluation. An examination of the experiences of the courses’ participants lends further support to the observation that these courses can attain part of their goals. For example, after the course participants were more positive about the added value of victim-offender mediation for them personally than before.Aside from these findings, this article also argues for a deeper consideration of the constructive roles that both emotions guilt and shame can play in the restorative process of prisoners during these courses. The article ends with a number of recommendations for restorative courses in prison and a sketch of the current state of affairs in the Netherlands regarding these courses.
A incidência dos desastres naturais em Teresina, Piauí e o perfil da população vulnerável às inundações / The incidence of natural disasters in Teresina, State of Piauí and the profile of the population vulnerable to floods
Authors: Chaves Sammya Vanessa Vieira , Andrade Carlos Sait 
Published: November 2017

<p>Fenômenos de origem tectônica como terremotos e vulcões não são uma tendência natural no Brasil, mas registros de desastres resultantes de instabilidades atmosféricas, como secas, inundações e deslizamentos de terra são frequentes. A maioria dos desastres que ocorrem no Brasil está relacionada aos eventos naturais extremos associados ao avanço da degradação ambiental e à vulnerabilidade agravada pela ação humana (SOBRAL et al., 2010; MAFRA, MAZZOLA, 2007). Dentre os citados, as inundações são as mais recorrentes e provocam graves transtornos nos centros urbanos. Desta forma, pretendeu-se com essa pesquisa, caracterizar as áreas vulneráveis às inundações em Teresina, capital do Estado do Piauí, traçar o perfil socioeconômico da população afetada, caracterizar as condições geoambientais dessas áreas e analisar o papel do Estado frente ao evento materializado. Para tanto, foram aplicados questionários nas áreas da cidade consideradas pela Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais (CPRM) como vulneráveis às inundações. Concluiu-se que a zona centro/norte é a mais vulnerável, por ser habitada por uma população de menor poder aquisitivo e por tratar-se de uma zona de ambiente frágil, com extensa área de largos terraços fluviais e lagoas plúvio-fluviais.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Desastres Naturais. Inundação. Vulnerabilidade. Teresina.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Phenomena of tectonic origin such as earthquakes and volcanoes are not a natural tendency in Brazil, however, records of disasters resulting of atmospheric instabilities, like droughts, floods and landslides are frequent. Most disaster that occur in Brazil are related to extreme natural events associated to the advance of environmental degradation and vulnerability aggravated by human action (SOBRAL et al., 2010; MAFRA, MAZZOLA, 2007). Among the aforementioned, floods, or inundations, are the more recurrent and cause serious disorders in urban centers. Thus, we intended with this research to characterize the areas vulnerable to flooding in Teresina, capital of the State of Piauí, to draw the socioeconomic profile of the affected population, to characterize the geoenvironmental conditions of these areas and to analyze the role of the State in face of the materialized event. For this purpose, questionnaires were applied in areas of the city considered by the Mineral Resources Research Company (CPRM) as vulnerable to flooding. It was concluded that the central / northern zone is the most vulnerable, because it is inhabited by a population of lower purchasing power and because it is a fragile environment, with an extensive area of large river terraces and pluvial-fluvial lagoons.</p><p><strong>Key Words: </strong>Natural disasters. Floods. Vulnerability. Teresina.</p>
Musculoskeletal Disorders in Ophthalmologists After Simulated Cataract Operation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pearce Zachary D. , Zatkin Mathew A. , Bruner Jon 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Context
Musculoskeletal disorders are a common problem among ophthalmologists, likely due to ergonomic challenges. Most research on the topic has been survey-based studies, which carry inherent weaknesses.

Objective
To examine the frequency and pattern of musculoskeletal dysfunction induced by performing a surgical procedure and to quantify the improvement after ergonomic interventions.

Methods
Ophthalmology residents from a single academic institution were invited to participate in the study on a volunteer basis. Preexisting musculoskeletal disorders; previous spinal, cervical, or shoulder surgery; or limited range of motion of the upper body or arms were exclusion criteria. The interventions consisted of a surgical simulation session and a control session, each lasting 2 hours. For the surgical simulation session, a musculoskeletal examination was performed at the beginning and end of the 2-hour session after the participants used the Eyesi Cataract Surgery Simulator (VRmagic). A musculoskeletal examination was performed by the palpatory screener (M.A.Z.) at the beginning and conclusion of the 2-hour control session, which consisted of both passive and active tasks. The musculoskeletal screener was blinded as to which session the participant was completing at the time of the examinations, as well as any musculoskeletal examination findings from before the intervention. All participants completed both sessions, but they were randomized into which session they were to complete first. Participants completed each session one after the other.

Results
Eight participants completed both sessions, and 32 musculoskeletal examinations were performed. In the surgical simulation session, after using the simulator, 5 of 8 participants had an increase in the number of spinal levels with tissue texture abnormalities, and 3 had no change. Of those in the control session, 5 participants had a decrease in the number of spinal levels with tissue texture abnormalities after a period of rest. Three participants in the control session had an increase in the number of affected spinal levels. The mean (SD) change in number of affected spinal levels in the surgical simulation session and control session was 1.3 (1.2) and −0.6 (2.0), respectively (P=.125). Age, sex, level of training, baseline somatic dysfunction, and which session was completed first did not affect results.

Conclusion
The majority of participants in the surgical simulation session had an increase in degree of somatic dysfunction, whereas the majority in the control session had a decrease in degree of somatic dysfunction. Although the sample size of this pilot study was too small to show statistical significance, a trend was observed, and further study is warranted.
Predictors of Osteopathic Medical Students’ Readiness to Use Health Information Technology
Authors: Jacobs Robin J. , Iqbal Hassan , Rana Arif M. , Rana Zaid , Kane Michael N. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Context
The advent of health information technology (HIT) tools can affect the practice of modern medicine in many ways, ideally by improving quality of care and efficiency and reducing medical errors. Future physicians will play a key role in the successful implementation of HIT. However, osteopathic medical students’ willingness to learn, adopt, and use technology in a health care setting is not well understood.

Objective
To understand osteopathic medical students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding HIT and to identify factors that may be related to their readiness to use HIT.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional approach, quantitative surveys were collected from students attending a large osteopathic medical school. Multivariate regression modeling was used to determine whether knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and personal characteristics were associated with students’ readiness to use HIT in future clinical practice.

Results
Six hundred four students responded to at least 70% of the survey and were included in the analysis. Multivariate modeling successfully explained the 26% of variance in predicting students’ readiness to use HIT (F
8,506=22.6, P<.001, R2=0.263). Greater self-efficacy, openness to change (in academic/work settings), favorable attitudes toward HIT use, mobile technology use, younger age, being male, and prior exposure to technology were associated with readiness to use HIT.

Conclusion
Understanding students’ level of HIT readiness may help guide medical education intervention efforts to better prepare future osteopathic physicians for HIT engagement and use. Innovative approaches to HIT education in medical school curricula that include biomedical informatics may be necessary.
Comment on “Parametric Instability Induced by X‐Mode Wave Heating at EISCAT” by Wang et al. (2016)
Authors: Blagoveshchenskaya N. F. , Borisova T. D. , Yeoman T. K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn their recent article Wang et al. (2016) analyzed observations from EISCAT (European Incoherent Scatter) Scientific Association Russian X‐mode heating experiments and claimed to explain the potential mechanisms for the parametric decay instability (PDI) and oscillating two‐stream instability (OTSI). Wang et al. (2016) claim that they cannot separate the HF‐enhanced plasma and ion lines excited by O or X mode in the EISCAT UHF radar spectra. Because of this they distinguished the parametric instability excited by O‐/X‐mode heating waves according to their different excitation heights. Their reflection heights were determined from ionosonde records, which provide a rough measure of excitation altitudes and cannot be used for the separation of the O‐ and X‐mode effects. The serious limitation in their analysis is the use of a 30 s integration time of the UHF radar data. There are also serious disagreements between their analysis and the real observational facts. The fact is that it is the radical difference in the behavior of the X‐ and O‐mode plasma and ion line spectra derived with a 5 s resolution, which provides the correct separation of the X‐ and O‐mode effects. It is not discussed and explained how the parallel component of the electric field under X‐mode heating is generated. Apart from the leakage to the O mode, results by Wang et al. (2016) do not explain the potential mechanisms for PDI and OTSI and add nothing to understanding the physical factors accounting for the parametric instability generated by an X‐mode HF pump wave.
First Study on the Occurrence Frequency of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles over West Africa Using an All‐Sky Airglow Imager and GNSS Receivers
Authors: Okoh Daniel , Rabiu Babatunde , Shiokawa Kazuo , Otsuka Yuichi , Segun Bolaji , Falayi Elijah , Onwuneme Sylvester , Kaka Rafiat 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis is the first paper that reports the occurrence frequency of equatorial plasma bubbles and their dependences of local time, season, and geomagnetic activity based on airglow imaging observations at West Africa. The all‐sky imager, situated in Abuja (Geographic: 8.99°N, 7.38°E; Geomagnetic: 1.60°S), has a 180° fisheye view covering almost the entire airspace of Nigeria. Plasma bubbles are observed for 70 nights of the 147 clear‐sky nights from 9 June 2015 to 31 January 2017. Differences between nighttime and daytime ROTIs were also computed as a proxy of plasma bubbles using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers within the coverage of the all‐sky imager. Most plasma bubble occurrences are found during equinoxes and least occurrences during solstices. The occurrence rate of plasma bubbles was highest around local midnight and lower for hours farther away. Most of the postmidnight plasma bubbles were observed around the months of December to March, a period that coincides with the harmattan period in Nigeria. The on/off status of plasma bubble in airglow and GNSS observations were in agreement for 67.2% of the total 768 h, while we suggest several reasons responsible for the remaining 32.8% when the airglow and GNSS bubble status are inconsistent. A majority of the plasma bubbles were observed under relatively quiet geomagnetic conditions (Dst ≥ −40 and Kp ≤ 3), but there was no significant pattern observed in the occurrence rate of plasma bubbles as a function of geomagnetic activity. We suggest that geomagnetic activities could have either suppressed or promoted the occurrence of plasma bubbles.
Statistical Study on Variations of the Ionospheric Ion Density Observed by DEMETER and Related to Seismic Activities
Authors: Yan Rui , Parrot Michel , Pinçon Jean‐Louis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we present the result of a statistical study performed on the ionospheric ion density variations above areas of seismic activity. The ion density was observed by the low altitude satellite DEMETER between 2004 and 2010. In the statistical analysis a superposed epoch method is used where the observed ionospheric ion density close to the epicenters both in space and in time is compared to background values recorded at the same location and in the same conditions. Data associated with aftershocks have been carefully removed from the database to prevent spurious effects on the statistics. It is shown that, during nighttime, anomalous ionospheric perturbations related to earthquakes with magnitudes larger than 5 are evidenced. At the time of these perturbations the background ion fluctuation departs from a normal distribution. They occur up to 200 km from the epicenters and mainly 5 days before the earthquakes. As expected, an ion density perturbation occurring just after the earthquakes and close to the epicenters is also evidenced.