bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and function of methanogenic microbial communities in sediments of Amazonian lakes with different water types
Authors: Ji Yang , Angel Roey , Klose Melanie , Claus Peter , Marotta Humberto , Pinho Luana , Enrich‐Prast Alex , Conrad Ralf 
Published: August 2016

SummaryTropical lake sediments are a significant source for the greenhouse gas methane. We studied function (pathway, rate) and structure (abundance, taxonomic composition) of the microbial communities (Bacteria, Archaea) leading to methane formation together with the main physicochemical characteristics in the sediments of four clear water, six white water and three black water lakes of the Amazon River system. Concentrations of sulfate and ferric iron, pH and δ13C of organic carbon were usually higher, while concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and rates of CH4 production were generally lower in white water versus clear water or black water sediments. Copy numbers of bacterial and especially archaeal ribosomal RNA genes also tended to be relatively lower in white water sediments. Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis contributed 58 ± 16% to total CH4 production in all systems. Network analysis identified six communities, of which four were comprised mostly of bacteria found in all sediment types, while two were mostly in clear water sediment. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) and pyrosequencing showed that the compositions of the communities differed between the different sediment systems, statistically related to the particular physicochemical conditions and to CH4 production rates. Among the archaea, clear water, white water, and black water sediments contained relatively more Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinaceae and Methanocellales, respectively, while Methanosaetaceae were common in all systems. Proteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria (Myxococcales, Syntrophobacterales, sulfate reducers) in particular, Acidobacteria and Firmicutes were the most abundant bacterial phyla in all sediment systems. Among the other important bacterial phyla, clear water sediments contained relatively more Alphaproteobacteria and Planctomycetes, whereas white water sediments contained relatively more Betaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi than the respective other sediment systems. The data showed communities of bacteria common to all sediment types, but also revealed microbial groups that were significantly different between the sediment types, which also differed in physicochemical conditions. Our study showed that function of the microbial communities may be understood on the basis of their structures, which in turn are determined by environmental heterogeneity.
Electromicrobiology: realities, grand challenges, goals and predictions
Authors: Nealson Kenneth H. , Rowe Annette R. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryElectromicrobiology is a subdiscipline of microbiology that involves extracellular electron transfer (EET) to (or from) insoluble electron active redox compounds located outside the outer membrane of the cell. These interactions can often be studied using electrochemical techniques which have provided novel insights into microbial physiology in recent years. The mechanisms (and variations) of outward EET are well understood for two model systems, Shewanella and Geobacter, both of which employ multihaem cytochromes to provide an electron conduit to the cell exterior. In contrast, little is known of the intricacies of inward EET, even in these model systems. Given the number of labs now working on EET, it seems likely that most of the mechanistic details will be understood in a few years for the model systems, and the many applications of electromicrobiology will continue to move forward. But emerging work, using electrodes as electron acceptors and donors is providing an abundance of new types of microbes capable of EET inward and/or outward: microbes that are clearly different from our known systems. The extent of this very diverse, and perhaps widely distributed and biogeochemically important ability needs to be determined to understand the mechanisms, importance, and raison d'etre of EET for microbial biology.
Accumbal μ‐Opioid Receptors Modulate Ethanol Intake in Alcohol‐Preferring Alko Alcohol Rats
Authors: Uhari‐Väänänen Johanna , Raasmaja Atso , Bäckström Pia , Oinio Ville , Airavaara Mikko , Piepponen Petteri , Kiianmaa Kalervo 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe nucleus accumbens shell is a key brain area mediating the reinforcing effects of ethanol (EtOH). Previously, it has been shown that the density of μ‐opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell is higher in alcohol‐preferring Alko Alcohol (AA) rats than in alcohol‐avoiding Alko Non‐Alcohol rats. In addition, EtOH releases opioid peptides in the nucleus accumbens and opioid receptor antagonists are able to modify EtOH intake, all suggesting an opioidergic mechanism in the control of EtOH consumption. As the exact mechanisms of opioidergic involvement remains to be elucidated, the aim of this study was to clarify the role of accumbal μ‐ and κ‐opioid receptors in controlling EtOH intake in alcohol‐preferring AA rats.MethodsMicroinfusions of the μ‐opioid receptor antagonist CTOP (0.3 and 1 μg/site), μ‐opioid receptor agonist DAMGO (0.03 and 0.1 μg/site), nonselective opioid receptor agonist morphine (30 μg/site), and κ‐opioid receptor agonist U50488H (0.3 and 1 μg/site) were administered via bilateral guide cannulas into the nucleus accumbens shell of AA rats that voluntarily consumed 10% EtOH solution in an intermittent, time‐restricted (90‐minute) 2‐bottle choice access paradigm.ResultsCTOP (1 μg/site) significantly increased EtOH intake. Conversely, DAMGO resulted in a decreasing trend in EtOH intake. Neither morphine nor U50488H had any effect on EtOH intake in the used paradigm.ConclusionsThe results provide further evidence for the role of accumbens shell μ‐opioid receptors but not κ‐opioid receptors in mediating reinforcing effects of EtOH and in regulating EtOH consumption. The results also provide support for views suggesting that the nucleus accumbens shell has a major role in mediating EtOH reward.
Assessing cardiac and liver iron overload in chronically transfused patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Badawy Sherif M. , Liem Robert I. , Rigsby Cynthia K. , Labotka Richard J. , DeFreitas R. Andrew , Thompson Alexis A. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryTransfusional iron overload represents a substantial challenge in the management of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who receive chronic or episodic red blood cell transfusions. Iron‐induced cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of death in other chronically transfused populations but rarely seen in SCD. Study objectives were to: (i) examine the extent of myocardial and hepatic siderosis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in chronically transfused SCD patients, and (ii) evaluate the relationship between long‐term (over the 5 years prior to enrolment) mean serum ferritin (MSF), spot‐ferritin values and liver iron content (LIC) measured using MRI and liver biopsy. Thirty‐two SCD patients (median age 15 years) with transfusional iron overload were recruited from two U.S. institutions. Long‐term MSF and spot‐ferritin values significantly correlated with LIC by MRI‐R2* (r = 0·77, P < 0·001; r = 0·82, P < 0·001, respectively). LIC by MRI‐R2* had strong positive correlation with LIC by liver biopsy (r = 0·98, P < 0·001) but modest inverse correlation with cardiac MRI‐T2* (r = −0·41, P = 0·02). Moderate to severe transfusional iron overload in SCD was not associated with aberrations in other measures of cardiac function based on echocardiogram or serum biomarkers. Our results suggest that SCD patients receiving chronic transfusions may not demonstrate significant cardiac iron loading irrespective of ferritin trends, LIC and erythropoiesis suppression.
Sustained treatment of sickle cell mice with haptoglobin increases HO‐1 and H‐ferritin expression and decreases iron deposition in the kidney without improvement in kidney function
Authors: Shi Patricia A. , Choi Erika , Chintagari Narendranath R. , Nguyen Julia , Guo Xinhua , Yazdanbakhsh Karina , Mohandas Narla , Alayash Abdu I. , Manci Elizabeth A. , Belcher John D. , Vercellotti Gregory M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThere is growing evidence that extracellular haemoglobin and haem mediate inflammatory and oxidative damage in sickle cell disease. Haptoglobin (Hp), the scavenger for free haemoglobin, is depleted in most patients with sickle cell disease due to chronic haemolysis. Although single infusions of Hp can ameliorate vaso‐occlusion in mouse models of sickle cell disease, prior studies have not examined the therapeutic benefits of more chronic Hp dosing on sickle cell disease manifestations. In the present study, we explored the effect of Hp treatment over a 3‐month period in sickle mice at two dosing regimens: the first at a moderate dose of 200 mg/kg thrice weekly and the second at a higher dose of 400 mg/kg thrice weekly. We found that only the higher dosing regimen resulted in increased haem‐oxygenase‐1 and heavy chain ferritin (H‐ferritin) expression and decreased iron deposition in the kidney. Despite the decreased kidney iron deposition following Hp treatment, there was no significant improvement in kidney function. However, there was a nearly significant trend towards decreased liver infarction.
S1‐Guidelines on UV phototherapy and photochemotherapy
Authors: Herzinger Thomas , Berneburg Mark , Ghoreschi Kamran , Gollnick Harald , Hölzle Erhard , Hönigsmann Herbert , Lehmann Percy , Peters Thorsten , Röcken Martin , Scharffetter‐Kochanek Karin , Schwarz Thomas , Simon Jan , Tanew Adrian , Weichenthal Michael 
Published: August 2016

SummaryKnown in part since antiquity, the salutary effects of sunlight again garnered increasing attention in the second half of the 19th century. The development of a device for ultraviolet irradiation of cutaneous tuberculosis by Finnsen at the onset of the twentieth century truly marked the beginning of modern phototherapy. In dermatology, treatment methods almost exclusively use wavelengths below the visible light range (ultraviolet light). Since the early 1970s, increasingly powerful artificial light sources have become available for UVB and UVA therapy as well as the combination of UVA and photosensitizers (photochemotherapy). High structural and procedural quality standards are an essential prerequisite for the implementation of effective as well as safe phototherapy. The following guidelines outline the current consensus of leading experts in the field of phototherapy with respect to indications, contraindications, and side effects of various treatment options available. Particular focus is also on adequate UV doses at the beginning and over the further course of treatment as well as on management of side effects.
On the significance of negative‐pressure wound therapy with instillation in dermatology
Authors: Müller Cornelia Sigrid Lissi , Burgard Barbara , Zimmerman Monika , Vogt Thomas , Pföhler Claudia 
Published: August 2016

SummaryMethods used in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds undergo constant evolution, reevaluation, and innovation. While negative‐pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is an established treatment modality, the combination of NPWT and instillation of normal saline as well as solutions with active antiseptic components for topical treatment of the wound bed represents a novel approach. The well‐known effects of NPWT may thus be combined with those of local antisepsis. They include a decrease in wound area, induction of granulation tissue, and reduction in bacterial colonization. To date, studies have focused on NPWT with instillation for orthopedic/surgical indications, whereas clinical data in dermatosurgery is limited to case reports or small case series. There are as yet no randomized prospective studies investigating NPWT with instillation in the treatment of skin disorders.The goal of this review is to present the method of NPWT with instillation, to highlight its mode of action as well as possible complications and contraindications, and to review the recent literature. In summary, there is increasing evidence that both simple and complicated wounds may be effectively treated with NPWT with instillation, resulting in markedly accelerated tissue granulation and thus earlier defect closure.
Primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Wieser Iris , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Torres Cabala Carlos A. , Duvic Madeleine 
Published: August 2016

SummaryPrimary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders are the second most common group of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL) and include lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) and primary cutaneous anaplastic large T‐cell lymphoma (cALCL). Both disease entities share overlapping clinical, histopathological, and molecular features, thus representing a spectrum of cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders. LyP may be distinguished from cALCL by clinicopathological correlation. In some patients, both diseases may coexist at initial diagnosis or develop over the course of the disease. Mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common CTCL, is not considered a primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder, but may occur in some LyP patients. In addition, LyP‐like lesions may develop in MF patients. However, this is frequently a manifestation of MF rather than a representation of two different disease entities. Caution also has to be taken in the setting of transformed MF with lesions expressing CD30, as they may be mistaken for either LyP or cALCL, resulting in an inadequate therapeutic approach.
Incorporating climate change into ecosystem service assessments and decisions: a review
Authors: Runting Rebecca K. , Bryan Brett A. , Dee Laura E. , Maseyk Fleur J. F. , Mandle Lisa , Hamel Perrine , Wilson Kerrie A. , Yetka Kathleen , Possingham Hugh P. , Rhodes Jonathan R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractClimate change is having a significant impact on ecosystem services and is likely to become increasingly important as this phenomenon intensifies. Future impacts can be difficult to assess as they often involve long timescales, dynamic systems with high uncertainties, and are typically confounded by other drivers of change. Despite a growing literature on climate change impacts on ecosystem services, no quantitative syntheses exist. Hence, we lack an overarching understanding of the impacts of climate change, how they are being assessed, and the extent to which other drivers, uncertainties, and decision making are incorporated. To address this, we systematically reviewed the peer‐reviewed literature that assesses climate change impacts on ecosystem services at subglobal scales. We found that the impact of climate change on most types of services was predominantly negative (59% negative, 24% mixed, 4% neutral, 13% positive), but varied across services, drivers, and assessment methods. Although uncertainty was usually incorporated, there were substantial gaps in the sources of uncertainty included, along with the methods used to incorporate them. We found that relatively few studies integrated decision making, and even fewer studies aimed to identify solutions that were robust to uncertainty. For management or policy to ensure the delivery of ecosystem services, integrated approaches that incorporate multiple drivers of change and account for multiple sources of uncertainty are needed. This is undoubtedly a challenging task, but ignoring these complexities can result in misleading assessments of the impacts of climate change, suboptimal management outcomes, and the inefficient allocation of resources for climate adaptation.
Relationships between intramuscular fat, muscle strength and gait independence in older women: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Akazawa Naoki , Okawa Naomi , Tamura Kimiyuki , Moriyama Hideki 
Published: August 2016

AimThe objectives of the present study were to examine the relationships between intramuscular fat, muscle strength and gait independence, as well as to clarify the intramuscular fat characteristics of dependent older women.MethodsA total of 25 older women who were unable to walk with or without assistance (dependent group), 22 frail older women (frail group) and 22 healthy older women (healthy group) participated in the present study. The frail participants could walk independently, but showed three or more of the following characteristics: slowness, weakness, weight loss, exhaustion and low physical activity. Outcome measures were quadriceps intramuscular fat determined by ultrasound echo intensity, and quadriceps muscle strength of the dependent, frail and healthy groups. In addition, the degree of gait independence (functional independence measures gait score) was assessed in the dependent and frail groups.ResultsEcho intensity in the dependent group was significantly negatively correlated with muscle strength and the functional independence measure gait score (correlation coefficients −0.635 and −0.344, respectively). Furthermore, echo intensity in the dependent group was significantly higher than in the healthy group. There was no significant difference in echo intensity between the dependent and frail groups.ConclusionsThe present results suggest negative relationships between intramuscular fat and muscle strength, and intramuscular fat and degree of gait independence in dependent older women. In addition, dependent older women have more intramuscular fat than healthy older women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1683–1688.
Prevalence of psoriatic arthritis and its correlates among patients with psoriasis in Greece: results from a large retrospective study
Authors: Papadavid E. , Katsimbri P. , Kapniari I. , Koumaki D. , Karamparpa A. , Dalamaga M. , Tzannis K. , Βoumpas D. , Rigopoulos D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence and its clinical characteristics of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in a specialized psoriasis clinic of a University Hospital.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 278 patients with psoriasis were evaluated between 2011 and 2013.ResultsThe study included 278 patients with psoriasis: 144 (52%) were male and 134 (48%) female. Their median age was 51.41 with median psoriasis presenting age of 34.52 years. Referring to the type of psoriasis, 86% presented with plaque psoriasis, 5% guttate, 2% palms and soles, 2% inverse, 1% pustular and 4% with psoriasis of more than one type. Nail disease appeared in 121 patients (43.5%) and scalp disease in 175 (63%). Of these patients, 85 (30%) had PsA, whereas 51% of patients with PsA had psoriatic nail disease. With reference to the PsA type, 43 (51%) patients presented with polyarthritis, 10 (12%) with oligoarthritis, 7 (8%) with axial arthritis, whereas the rest 25 of them (31%) had PsA of more than one type. The subgroup of patients with PsA had significantly higher rates of comorbidities including arterial hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia compared to non‐PsA patients with 41% vs. 17% (P = 0.001), 20% vs. 8% (P = 0.021) and 41% vs. 19% (P = 0.004), respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of PsA among patients with psoriasis was relatively higher in Greece compared to other ethnic‐based studies. Comorbidities related to life expectancy were more frequent. As there is a high percentage of undiagnosed cases with active arthritis among patients with psoriasis, dermatologists should be aware of PsA clinical signs in order to recognize it earlier and provide successful treatment.
Growth, Grazing, and Starvation Survival in Three Heterotrophic Dinoflagellate Species
Authors: Anderson Sean R. , Menden‐Deuer Susanne 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo assess the effects of fluctuating prey availability on predator population dynamics and grazing impact on phytoplankton, we measured growth and grazing rates of three heterotrophic dinoflagellate species—Oxyrrhis marina, Gyrodinium dominans and Gyrodinium spirale—before and after depriving them of phytoplankton prey. All three dinoflagellate species survived long periods (> 10 d) without algal prey, coincident with decreases in predator abundance and cell size. After 1–3 wks, starvation led to a 17–57% decrease in predator cell volume and some cells became deformed and transparent. When re‐exposed to phytoplankton prey, heterotrophs ingested prey within minutes and increased cell volumes by 4–17%. At an equivalent prey concentration, continuously fed predators had ~2‐fold higher specific growth rates (0.18 to 0.55 d−1) than after starvation (−0.16 to 0.25 d−1). Maximum specific predator growth rates would be achievable only after a time lag of at least 3 d. A delay in predator growth poststarvation delays predator‐induced phytoplankton mortality when prey re‐emerges at the onset of a bloom event or in patchy prey distributions. These altered predator‐prey population dynamics have implications for the formation of phytoplankton blooms, trophic transfer rates, and potential export of carbon.
Secrecy Culture and Audit Opinion: Some International Evidence
Authors: Chen Theodore T. Y. , Zhang Feida (Frank) , Zhou Gaoguang (Stephen) 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe examine whether and how auditors respond to audit risks arising from secrecy culture when making audit opinion decisions. Using a sample of international Big N auditors from 33 countries, we find strong and robust evidence that auditors are more likely to issue modified audit opinions to clients domiciled in countries with a strong secrecy culture. In addition, we find that the association between secrecy culture and auditors' propensity to issue modified audit opinions is less pronounced in countries with strong investor protection than that in countries with weak investor protection.
Tyrosine kinase inhibition reverses TDP‐43 effects on synaptic protein expression, astrocytic function and amino acid dis‐homeostasis
Authors: Heyburn Lanier , Hebron Michaeline L. , Smith Jacqueline , Winston Charisse , Bechara John , Li Zhaoxia , Lonskaya Irina , Burns Mark P. , Harris Brent T. , Moussa Charbel E.‐H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe trans‐activating response of DNA/RNA‐binding protein (TDP)‐43 pathology is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases via unknown mechanisms. Here, we use a transgenic mouse model over‐expressing human wild‐type neuronal TDP‐43 to study the effects of TDP‐43 pathology on glutamate metabolism and synaptic function. We found that neuronal TDP‐43 over‐expression affects synaptic protein expression, including Synapsin I, and alters surrounding astrocytic function. TDP‐43 over‐expression is associated with an increase in glutamate and γ‐amino butyric acid and reduction of glutamine and aspartate levels, indicating impairment of presynaptic terminal. TDP‐43 also decreases tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism and induces oxidative stress via lactate accumulation. Neuronal TDP‐43 does not alter microglia activity or significantly changes systemic and brain inflammatory markers compared to control. We previously demonstrated that brain‐penetrant tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), nilotinib and bosutinib, reduce TDP‐43‐induced cell death in transgenic mice. Here, we show that TKIs reverse the effects of TDP‐43 on synaptic proteins, increase astrocytic function and restore glutamate and neurotransmitter balance in TDP‐43 mice. Nilotinib, but not bosutinib, reverses mitochondrial impairment and oxidative metabolism. Taken together, these data suggest that TKIs can attenuate TDP‐43 toxicity and improve synaptic and astrocytic function, independent of microglial or other inflammatory effects. In conclusion, our data demonstrate novel mechanisms of the effects of neuronal TDP‐43 over‐expression on synaptic protein expression and alteration of astrocytic function.
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