bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANU-ADRI and not Genetic Risk score predicts MCI in a cohort of older adults followed for 12 years
Authors: Andrews Shea J. , Eramudugolla Ranmalee , Velez Jorge I. , Cherbuin Nicolas , Easteal Simon , Anstey Kaarin J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe evaluated a risk score comprising lifestyle, medical and demographic factors (ANU-ADRI), and a genetic risk score (GRS) as predictors of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).METHODSANU-ADRI risk scores were computed for the baseline assessment of 2,078 participants from the PATH project. Participants were assessed for clinically diagnosed MCI/Dementia and psychometric test-based MCI (MCI-TB) at 12 years of follow-up. Multi-state models estimated the odds of transitioning from cognitively normal (CN) to MCI/Dementia and MCI-TB over 12 years according to baseline ANU-ADRI and GRS.RESULTSHigher ANU-ADRI score predicted transitioning from CN to either MCI/Dementia and MCI-TB (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.06, 95% CI:1.04-1.09; HR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03-1.09), and a reduced likelihood of cognitive recovery from MCITB to CN (HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.49-0.98). GRS was not associated with transition to MCI/Dementia, or MCI-TB.DISCUSSIONThe ANU-ADRI may be used for population-level risk assessment and screening.Research in ContextSystematic ReviewThe authors reviewed the literature using online databases e.g. (PubMed). We consulted mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research detailing the use of risk factors for predicting progression from MCI and AD; and the appropriate statistical models for modelling transitions between cognitive states. These publications are appropriately cited.InterpretationIn the general population, the ANU-ADRI comprising lifestyle, medical and demographic factors is predictive of progression from normal cognition to MCI/Dementia whereas a Genetic Risk Score comprising the main Alzheimer’s risk genes is not predictive.Future DirectionsFurther evaluation of the ANU-ADRI as a predictor of specific MCI and dementia subtypes is required. The ANU-ADRI may be used to identify individuals indicated for risk reduction intervention and to assist clinical management and cognitive health promotion. Genetic risk scores contribute to understanding dementia etiology but apart from APOE are unlikely to be useful in screening or prevention trials.
Quantifying uncertainty of taxonomic placement in DNA barcoding and metabarcoding
Authors: Somervuo Panu , Yu Douglas , Xu Charles , Ji Yinqiu , Hultman Jenni , Wirta Helena , Ovaskainen Otso 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA crucial step in the use of DNA markers for biodiversity surveys is the assignment of Linnaean taxonomies (species, genus, etc.) to sequence reads. This allows the use of all the information known based on the taxonomic names. Taxonomic placement of DNA barcoding sequences is inherently probabilistic because DNA sequences contain errors, because there is natural variation among sequences within a species, and because reference databases are incomplete and can have false annotations. However, most existing bioinformatics methods for taxonomic placement either exclude uncertainty, or quantify it using metrics other than probability.In this paper we evaluate the performance of a recently proposed probabilistic taxonomic placement method PROTAX by applying it to both annotated reference sequence data as well as unknown environmental data. Our four case studies include contrasting taxonomic groups (fungi, bacteria, mammals, and insects), variation in the length and quality of the barcoding sequences (from individually Sanger-sequenced sequences to short Illumina reads), variation in the structures and sizes of the taxonomies (from 800 to 130 000 species), and variation in the completeness of the reference databases (representing 15% to 100% of the species).Our results demonstrate that PROTAX yields essentially unbiased assessment of probabilities of taxonomic placement, and thus that its quantification of species identification uncertainty is reliable. As expected, the accuracy of taxonomic placement increases with increasing coverage of taxonomic and reference sequence databases, and with increasing ratio of genetic variation among taxonomic levels over within taxonomic levels.Our results show that reliable species-level identification from environmental samples is still challenging, and thus neglecting identification uncertainty can lead to spurious inference. A key aim for future research is the completion and pruning of taxonomic and reference sequence databases, and making these two types of data compatible.
School autonomy and 21st century learning: the Canadian context
Authors: Newton Paul , da Costa Jose 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report on the policy and practice contexts for school autonomy and twenty-first century learning in Canadian provinces.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reports on an analysis of policies in Canadian provinces (particularly the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan). The authors review policies related to school autonomy and twenty-first century learning initiatives.

Findings
In this paper, the authors argue that autonomy is a complicated and multi-levelled phenomena with a measure of autonomy devolved from the state to local school divisions, and yet other elements of autonomy devolved to the school and to individual teachers. The link between autonomy and twenty-first century learning are unclear as yet. This paper attempts to establish the policy contexts for school autonomy and twenty-first century learning without making claims about a causal relation between the two.

Originality/value
The originality of this paper lies in its description of autonomy beyond the school level. Autonomy, as a construct, is rarely examined as a dynamic process among multiple layers of the educational system.
The role of emotions and social influences on consumer loyalty towards online travel communities
Authors: Ruiz-Mafe Carla , Tronch Jose , Sanz-Blas Silvia 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of emotions and social influences on loyalty formation towards online travel communities.Design/methodology/approachThe individual (perceived risk) and social (subjective norm and social presence) antecedents of emotions as well as the impact of emotions on attitude and loyalty towards online travel communities are tested through structural equation modelling techniques. The sample consists of 385 active users of online travel communities in Spain.FindingsData analysis shows that perceived privacy and security risk elicit negative emotions such as stress, frustration and fear towards the online travel community. Normative influences (subjective norm) and feeling the presence of other community members (social presence) boost positive emotions towards the online travel community. Interpersonal influences have a positive effect on subjective norm but not external influences. Positive and negative emotions affect preferences towards the online travel community (attitudes) as proposed by social impact theory. Subjective norm and attitude have a direct influence on loyalty towards an online travel community, confirming previous research grounded on theory of reasoned action models.Originality/valueDespite the crucial impact of consumers’ affective states on loyalty formation, research on social media is mainly focused on the technological nature of consumer information exchanges, neglecting other drivers of consumer behaviour beyond the technology employed. This paper develops a model that integrates the relationships between consumer emotions and their individual (perceived risk) and social (social presence and subjective norm) antecedents and outcome variables (attitude and loyalty). The role of social influences is analysed, assessing the conjoint impact of one-way communication (interpersonal influences and mass media) and Web 2.0 communications (social presence) on positive emotions and loyalty formation towards the online travel community.
Dementia without Walls: reflections on the Joseph Rowntree Foundation programme
Authors: Hare Philly 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the key elements of a major work programme on dementia, and to reflect on the practical learning derived.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper describes the whole range of programme activity, including research projects, think-pieces, action research, demonstrations, evaluations and production of resources such as films, infographics, case studies, practice guides and positive image galleries.

Findings
The active, meaningful engagement of people with dementia and their families is fundamental. Communities must engage with, and achieve equity for, all people with dementia, whatever their circumstances. Practical barriers to inclusion must be addressed if normal lives are to be continued. The human rights of people with dementia and carers must be recognised and promoted. Local grassroots community activity is the bedrock of dementia friendly communities – but this activity must be supported by strong strategic planning, commissioning and leadership. There is no template – each community must develop its own approach.

Practical implications
The paper highlights many examples of good practice which can inform the work of commissioners and practitioners, as well as wider communities. These focus particularly on good practice in engagement and involvement; and the co-production of dementia friendly communities with people with dementia.

Social implications
The programme highlights the importance of social barriers to the inclusion of people with dementia in their communities, and gives examples of communities which have tried to overcome these through attitudinal and environmental change.

Originality/value
Joseph Rowntree Foundation’s programme is highly innovative and well-regarded.
Phase I/II study of the oral retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene in Japanese patients with cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Hamada Toshihisa , Sugaya Makoto , Tokura Yoshiki , Ohtsuka Mikio , Tsuboi Ryoji , Nagatani Tetsuo , Tani Mamori , Setoyama Mitsuru , Matsushita Shigeto , Kawai Kazuhiro , Yonekura Kentaro , Yoshida Tsuyoshi , Saida Toshiaki , Iwatsuki Keiji 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSafety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of bexarotene, a novel retinoid X receptor (RXR)‐selective retinoid, were evaluated in Japanese patients with stage IIB–IVB and relapsed/refractory stage IB–IIA cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL). This study was conducted as a multicenter, open‐label, historically controlled, single‐arm phase I/II study. Bexarotene was p.o. administrated once daily at a dose of 300 mg/m2 for 24 weeks in 13 patients, following an evaluation of safety and tolerability for 4 weeks at a dose of 150 mg/m2 in three patients. Eight of 13 patients (61.5%) with an initial dose of 300 mg/m2 met the response criteria using the modified severity‐weighted assessment tool (mSWAT) at 24 weeks or discontinuation. Dose‐limiting toxic effects (DLT) were present in four of 13 patients (31%) at a dose of 300 mg/m2: two neutropenia, one abnormal hepatic function and one hypertriglyceridemia. No DLT was observed in patients received 150 mg/m2 bexarotene. In the 13 patients at 300 mg/m2, common drug‐related adverse events (AE) included hypothyroidism (92%), hypercholesterolemia (77%), leukopenia or neutropenia (39%), nasopharyngitis or anemia (31%). The treatment‐related grade 3 AE included hypertriglyceridemia (4/16 patients, 25%), increased alanine aminotransferase, increased aspartate aminotransferase, dyslipidaemia, leukopenia and neutropenia (1/16 patients, 6%), and one of 16 patients experienced grade 4 hypertriglyceridemia. No patients discontinued bexarotene due to the AE during the study, but dose reduction or suspension was required. Bexarotene was shown to be well tolerated at 300 mg/m2 once daily and effective in Japanese patients with CTCL.
Fluid injection monitoring using electrical resistivity tomography — five years of injection at Ketzin, Germany
Authors: Bergmann P. , Schmidt‐Hattenberger C. , Labitzke T. , Wagner F.M. , Just A. , Flechsig C. , Rippe D. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBetween the years 2008 and 2013, approximately 67 kilotons of CO2 have been injected at the Ketzin site, Germany. As part of the geophysical monitoring programme, time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography has been applied using crosshole and surface‐downhole measurements of electrical resistivity tomography. The data collection of electrical resistivity tomography is partly based on electrodes that are permanently installed in three wells at the site (one injection well and two observation wells). Both types of ERT measurements consistently show the build‐up of a CO2‐related resistivity signature near the injection point. Based on the imaged resistivity changes and a petrophysical model, CO2 saturation levels are estimated. These CO2 saturations are interpreted in conjunction with CO2 saturations inferred from neutron‐gamma loggings. Apart from the CO2–brine substitution response in the observed resistivity changes, significant imprints from the dynamic behaviour of the CO2 in the reservoir are observed.
Hydrogen peroxide scavenger, catalase, alleviates ion transport dysfunction in murine colitis
Authors: Barrett Kim E , McCole Declan F 
Published: August 2016

SummaryReactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contribute to epithelial damage and ion transport dysfunction (key events in inflammatory diarrhoea) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to identify if H2O2 mediates suppression of colonic ion transport function in the murine dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model by using the H2O2 degrading enzyme, catalase. Colitis was induced by administering DSS (4%) in drinking water for 5 days followed by 3 days on normal H2O. Mice were administered either pegylated catalase or saline at day −1, 0 and +1 of DSS treatment. Ion transport responses to the Ca2+‐dependent agonist, carbachol (CCh), or the cAMP‐dependent agonist, forskolin, were measured across distal colonic mucosa mounted in Ussing chambers. Parameters of DSS‐induced inflammation (loss in body weight, decreased colon length, altered stool consistency), were only partially alleviated by catalase while histology was only minimally improved. However, catalase significantly reversed the DSS‐induced reduction in baseline ion transport as well as colonic Isc responses to CCh. However, ion transport responses to forskolin were not significantly restored. Catalase also reduced activation of ERK MAP kinase in the setting of colitis, and increased expression of the Na+‐K+‐2Cl− cotransporter, NKCC1, consistent with restoration of ion transport function. Ex vivo treatment of inflamed colonic mucosae with catalase also partially restored ion transport function. Therefore, catalase partially prevents, and rescues, the loss of ion transport properties in DSS colitis even in the setting of unresolved tissue inflammation. These findings indicate a prominent role for ROS in ion transport dysfunction in colitis and may suggest novel strategies for the treatment of inflammatory diarrhoea.
Inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) tautomerase activity suppresses microglia‐mediated inflammatory responses
Authors: Zhang Yu , Gu Ruinan , Jia Jia , Hou Tingjun , Zheng Long Tai , Zhen Xuechu 
Published: August 2016

SummaryMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pleiotropic pro‐inflammatory cytokine, is a key regulator in both innate and acquired immunity systems. MIF has become a promising drug target for inflammatory diseases. Apart from its cytokine activities, MIF is known to act as a d‐dopachrome tautomerase. Our previous work has identified that 3‐[(biphenyl‐4‐ylcarbonyl)carbamothioyl]amino benzoic acid (Z‐590) exhibited a potent inhibitory activity against MIF. In this study, we investigate the effect of Z‐590 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated microglial cell activation. Our results demonstrate that Z‐590 significantly decreases the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, cyclooxygenase (COX‐2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in inhibiting MAKPs signalling pathway in LPS‐stimulated microglia cells. Furthermore, Z‐590 reduced cytotoxicity of activated microglia toward HT‐22 hippocampal cells in a microglia‐conditioned medium system. Taken together, these results indicate that MIF inhibitor Z‐590 elicits a potent inhibitor for microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation.
Host resistance enhances susceptibility of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to herbal extract of Echinophora platyloba
Authors: Tabadkani Seyed Mohammad , Khoobdel Mehdi , Tavakoli Hamid Reza 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIt has been argued that resistant cultivars may enhance the susceptibility of insect pests to insecticides, and thus can reduce crop production costs by lowering the rate of insecticide application. Here we studied the susceptibility of the cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), reared on either a susceptible or resistant cultivar of the mung bean (Vigna radiate), to a herbal extract taken from the prickly parsnip, Echinophora platyloba (Umbelliferae). After selection of a susceptible (Parto) and a resistant (Sahar) cultivar, the median lethal concentration (LC50) of the herbal extract was determined as 24.41 and 20.28 μL/250 mL air against beetles reared on susceptible and resistant cultivars, respectively. Rearing on resistant cultivar had a significant effect on biological parameters of C. maculatus regardless of insecticide application. However, herbal extract showed a significant interaction with host resistance in terms of oviposition rate and pre‐adult development time. These results provide evidence that the resistant cultivar increases the susceptibility of C. maculatus to herbal extract. The use of plant resistance in combination with narrow‐spectrum insecticides seems to be of both economic and environmental importance, as it can reduce the costs of crop production and lower the doses of insecticides required for satisfactory pest control.
Allopurinol therapy improves vascular endothelial function in subjects at risk for cardiovascular diseases: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Xin Wei , Mi Shuhua , Lin Zhiqin 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAimsThe effect of allopurinol on flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), an index of endothelial function in humans, remains inconsistent. We performed a meta‐analysis to determine whether allopurinol therapy could improve FMD.MethodsHuman intervention studies were identified by systematic searches of Medline, Embase, Cochrane's library, and references of related reviews and studies. A random‐effect model was applied to estimate the pooled results.ResultsTen randomized controlled trials with 594 subjects at risk of cardiovascular risks were included. Results of the meta‐analysis indicated that allopurinol therapy significantly improved FMD in these subjects as compared with control groups (WMD=1.67%, 95% CI: 0.83% ~ 2.50%, P<.001; I2=86%), with no evidence of significant heterogeneity if only double‐blinded studies were included (WMD=1.36%, 95% CI: 0.89% ~ 1.83%, P<.001; I2=21%). Results of metaregression and subgroup analyses suggested that the benefit of allopurinol to FMD seemed to be not related to its uric acid (UA)‐lowering action. Moreover, allopurinol therapy may be associated with more remarkable improvement of FMD in subjects with lower serum UA (<7 mg/dL: WMD=2.62%, 95% CI: 1.10% ~ 4.14%), compared to those with higher UA (≥7 mg/dL: WMD=0.87%, 95% CI: 0.37% ~ 1.38%; P for subgroup difference=.03).ConclusionsAllopurinol therapy is associated with significantly improved endothelial function in subjects at risk of CVD risks, and the beneficial effects of allopurinol seemed to be more remarkable in patients with normal UA at baseline.
Performance in real life of the European Network on Drug Allergy algorithm in immediate reactions to beta‐lactam antibiotics
Authors: Moreno E. , Laffond E. , Muñoz‐Bellido F. , Gracia M. T. , Macías E. , Moreno A. , Dávila I. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEuropean Network on Drug Allergy (ENDA) has proposed an algorithm for diagnosing immediate beta‐lactam (BL) allergy. We evaluated its performance in real life. During 1994–2014, 1779 patients with suspected immediate reactions to BL were evaluated following ENDA's short diagnostic algorithm. Five hundred and nine patients (28.6%) were diagnosed of BL hypersensitivity. Of them, 457 (25.7%) were at first evaluation [403 by skin tests (ST), 12 by positive IgE and 42 by controlled provocation tests (CPT)]. At second evaluation (SE), 52 additional patients (10.2% of allergic patients) were diagnosed, [50 (2.8%) by ST and 2 (0.1%) by CPT]. Time between reaction and study was significantly longer in patients diagnosed at SE (median 5 vs 42 months; IQR 34 vs 170; P < 0.0001). Anaphylaxis was significantly associated with a diagnosis at SE. European Network on Drug Allergy/EAACI protocol was appropriate and safe when evaluating BL immediate reactions. Re‐evaluation should be performed, particularly when anaphylaxis and long interval to diagnosis are present.
Reduced occurrence of severe visual impairment after introduction of anti‐Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in wet age‐related macular degeneration – a population‐ and register‐based study from northern Sweden
Authors: Granstam Elisabet , Westborg Inger , Barkander Anna , Börjesson Malin , Lindahl Sara , Meszaros Eva , Wojciechowska‐Zajac Anna , Wagner Philippe , Albrecht Susanne , Karlsson Niklas , Bjärnhall Gunilla , Lövestam‐Adrian Monica 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeTo study the occurrence of severe visual impairment (SVI) and treatment outcome at 12 months in patients treated for wet age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) by use of data from the Swedish Macula Register (SMR) and referrals to the regional low vision clinics in five northern counties.MethodsReferrals to low vision clinics during 2005, 2009 and 2013 and treatment outcome at 12 months from the SMR database from 2008 until 2013 in patients >65 years of age in five northern counties were included in the survey.ResultsThe rate of referral due to AMD was significantly reduced during the time period (−48%; p < 0.001). At 12 months, a significant slight mean improvement in logMAR visual acuity (VA) was observed (−0.01, SD 0.37; p < 0.001) after a mean of 5.0 ± 2.3 anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐injections were administered. Age and low baseline VA was associated with less favourable visual outcome (p < 0.001).ConclusionReferral rate to low vision clinic is a valuable tool for estimating occurrence of SVI and fell between the years 2005 until 2013. Data from the SMR showed improvement in visual acuity on the whole, but also identified patients at high risk for developing SVI during anti‐VEGF‐treatment.