bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A leitura de textos literáros no Ensino de História escolar: entrelaçando percursos metodológicos para o trato com os conceitos de Tempo e Espaço
Authors: Leopoldino Maria Aparecida 
Published: February 2016

O artigo destaca a importância da literatura infantil para o ensino de História escolar. Partindo das produções já elaboradas sobre os nexos entre história e literatura, seu intuito é pensar algumas facetas dessa questão metodológica destacando como a literatura infantil, concebida em sua potencialidade como narrativa historiográfica e, ao mesmo tempo, como objeto possível ou necessário da compreensão de narrativas sobre o passado, pode ajudar no esforço de significar os conceitos de tempo e espaço no ensino fundamental.
O Currículo Mínimo, o Ensino de História e o Sistema Estadual de Avaliação no Estado do Rio de Janeiro: reflexões sobre os processos de ensino e aprendizagem na escola básica
Authors: Da Silva Cabral Maria Aparecida 
Published: February 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o processo de implementação, a partir de 2012, do Currículo Mínimo proposto pela Secretaria de Educação e Cultura, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Focaliza-se o impacto dessa política educacional no cotidiano escolar, especificamente nas aulas de História do Ensino Fundamental II, com vistas a compreender a maneira como os professores têm organizado a transmissão do conhecimento histórico escolar, bem como seu processo de avaliação nas salas de aula. Tomando como fontes documentais os registros elaborados por licenciandos de História em atividades de Estágio Supervisionado realizadas nas escolas públicas estaduais, bem como os documentos produzidos no âmbito da Seeduc/RJ, constatamos que os professores têm dirigido atenção aos exercícios do Saerjinho e do Saerj durante as aulas de História.
Entrevista com Gonzalo de Amézola - "Esquizohistoria": a complexidade das relações entre a História produzida pelos historiadores e aquela ensinada nas escolas de Educação Básica
Authors: Lima dos Santos Maria Aparecida , De Azevedo Patrícia Bastos 
Published: February 2016

A entrevista com o professor e pesquisador Dr. Gustavo de Amézola, docente de Prática de Ensino de História na Universidade de La Plata (UNLP), Argentina, foi realizada com o objetivo de divulgar sua reflexão em torno das questões que, historicamente, marcaram as relações entre a História produzida nas universidades e aquela gestada na sala de aula. A partir de seu livro intitulado Esquizohistoria: la historia que se enseña en la escuela, la que preocupa a los historiadores y una renovación posible de la historia escolar, foram abordados temas relacionados à história da disciplina de História e sua imbricação com a historiografia e com as práticas políticas dos governantes de seu país. Também foram enfocados a temática da formação de professores, as reformas do sistema educativo argentino nas duas últimas décadas e os principais aspectos que, do seu ponto de vista, constituem- se como desafios para o ensino de História na contemporaneidade.
Energy 360: Invited Perspective: The Outlook for Energy: A View to 2040
Authors: Haldorsen Helge Hove , Leach Patrick 
Published: February 2016

President's column
Questions posed by 2015 SPE President Helge Hove Haldorsen
Answers provided by Theodore W. Pirog, Energy Advisor, Corporate Strategic Planning, Exxon Mobil Corporation and Robert Gardner, Manager, Economics and Energy Division, Corporate Strategic Planning, Exxon Mobil Corporation
ExxonMobil’s Long-term Global View of Energy Demand and Supply
Every year, a core team in ExxonMobil produces the acclaimed The Outlook for Energy: A View to 2040. Based on historical data, current developments, trends, and assumptions about the future (e.g., how energy efficiencies will improve, the number of cars on the road going forward), the ExxonMobil team projects demand and supply for all energy sources, including fossil fuels and renewables, and the resulting global energy mix. For petroleum engineers, the outlook for global oil and gas demand is of particular interest. Are we in a sunset industry or not?
I sat down with ExxonMobil’s Rob Gardner and Ted Pirog to discuss a number of key issues that SPE members are keenly interested in. Their very interesting perspectives are presented below.
You have predicted the global energy future for quite some time. In hindsight, how do old predictions compare with actuals? For example, are the predictions made in 2000 for 2014 spot on?
ExxonMobil has been developing The Outlook for more than six decades, so we have a lot of experience on how our predictions compare. Over the past 15 years, we have seen numerous events that have dramatically changed energy supply and demand. For example, the surge in China’s economy, a global economic recession, the development of unconventional oil and gas, and the devastating tsunami in Japan with its ripple effect on nuclear power policies. To illustrate how The Outlook has held up over the past 15 years, our forecasts since 2000 for global energy in 2010 ran fairly consistently around 500 quadrillion Btu, averaging about 510 quads, or about 3% below 2010 actual results. Note that historical results are lagging and often restated, so we only have the benefit of the final data for 2010 as reported by the International Energy Agency (IEA).
Oil Price Plunge Requires Revised Completion Methods
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: February 2016

Well Completions
The plunge in well completions has exceeded the drop in the number of active drilling rigs, and operators are rethinking how they fracture wells now that oil is selling for half of what it did 6 months ago.
For Mike Vincent, an independent consultant who teaches fracturing courses, it led to a change in his lesson plans. “One class I am teaching this summer is titled, ‘How should we complete a well in a low-cost environment?’” he said. “We need to do things differently. There should be a different optimal design if a well is drilled when oil is USD 50/bbl versus USD 100/bbl.”
Financially the goal is simple: find a way to earn an acceptable profit on each dollar invested.
“When oil is worth more than USD 100, we can spend more to squeeze those incremental barrels out. When it is USD 50 a barrel, you should spend less money going after incremental opportunities,” Vincent said.
The alternative is to not complete the well after it has been drilled, and there has been a surge in companies making that choice. “The pullback has been a lot more severe than anticipated,” said Brad Baker, vice president of production enhancement for Baker Hughes. “The completion side is even bleaker than the drilling side.”
“We anticipated a decline in completions in 2015, but we have already seen a more rapid drop than anticipated in the first quarter,” he said. There has been a growing backlog of wells drilled but not completed. The reasons for continued drilling include contracts committing operators to pay, even if drilling stops, and lease terms requiring drilling to maintain the lease.
Technology Focus: Offshore Drilling and Completion (April 2015)
Authors: Rylance Martin 
Published: February 2016

Technology Focus
To the casual observer of completions and hydraulic fracturing, it might appear that multifractured horizontal wells are a relatively recent concept that materialized just as we required them for unconventionals. However, those in the know will recognize that the marriage of fracturing and stimulation operations with horizontals was forged almost 30 years ago in an environment far removed from unconventionals.
In fact, it was the high-cost, limited-well, offshore environment that drove the need for higher production rates from single wellbores and indeed from horizontals and high-angle wells because of the limitations imposed by platform footprint and achievable step-out geometry. Substantial progress in multifractured horizontal wells was made in the 1990s by operators such as Maersk on the Dan field and BP on the Valhall field, in addition to onshore experiences with various operators such as UPRC in the Austin chalk and Arco in Alaska (the North Slope operational reality being effectively similar to offshore). Therefore, it is with great satisfaction that this month’s technical section includes papers demonstrating technologies from unconventionals that are beginning to be used to develop these offshore opportunities further.
This month’s selections highlight a number of such applications, including open hole and cased hole, ball-drop actuated, and proppant plug staging. Most of the tools and approaches developed (onshore) for high efficiency in low-permeability propped fracturing are not currently wholly applicable to higher-permeability (offshore) environments because they typically depend on overdisplacement by design. However, these technologies are a fast-moving target, with highly cost- and time- efficient coiled-tubing (CT) underdisplacement techniques emerging now across unconventional plays. This means that we should see articles here very soon on these CT-deployed propped-fracturing approaches as they move offshore.
As these innovations gain widespread acceptance, I would expect that the application of offshore fracturing will become a more attractive proposition once again. However, in all cases, the most critical aspects to achieving success will be that the technologies selected not only be fit-for-purpose but also reflect the formation quality and completion philosophy, rather than trying to fit square pegs into round holes. JPT
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 170773 Flushing Away the Profit: The Potential Misapplication of Unconventional Fracturing Technology on a Global Scale by M. Rylance, BP, et al.
OTC 24179 Drilling and Completing Cascade and Chinook Wells: A Design and Execution Case History by Flavio Dias De Moraes, Petrobras, et al.
OTC 25321 Ultrahigh-Strength Proppant Developed for Deep, Offshore Completions by Terry Palisch, Carbo Ceramics, et al.
Assisted-History-Matching Benchmarking: Design-of-Experiments-Based Techniques
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: February 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 170690, “Assisted-History-Matching Benchmarking: Design-of- Experiments-Based Techniques,” by Eric Bhark, SPE, and Kaveh Dehghani, SPE, Chevron Energy Technology Company, prepared for the 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 27–29 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
As the role of reservoir-flow simulation increasingly affects existing operations and field-development decisions, it follows that rigor, fitness, and consistency should be imposed on the calibration of reservoir-flow models to dynamic data through history matching. To evaluate the applicability of the diverse techniques available, a study was performed to benchmark common assisted-history-matching (AHM) techniques. To benchmark the techniques consistently, a set of standards was defined against which each was evaluated. Of the techniques evaluated, the design-of-experiments (DOE) -based approach uniquely satisfied all requirements.
Introduction
In order to understand the practical utility of the wealth of history-matching techniques reported, a study was performed to benchmark four AHM techniques that have been applied in the oil and gas industry for asset-management applications— DOE-based methods, genetic algorithm, ensemble Kalman filter and smoother, and streamline-based generalized travel-time inversion. The techniques were tested against a comprehensive suite of modeling requirements for various operations-and business-related applications.
While all techniques were found to have unique advantages and limitations, the DOE-based approach was consistently confirmed as the most robust in terms of compatibility with a broad range of asset types, algorithmic simplicity, history-match quality, and uncertainty quantification. The foundation for this proposal lies in the definition of capabilities that, the authors propose, a technique should encompass if any generic history-matching study is to be completed successfully. These involve the capability of a technique to
Parameterize and calibrate any reservoir attribute
Integrate with any type of numerical-simulation method and grid structure for any runtime duration
Quantify any type of reservoir and production response into one or more history-matching metrics for their assimilation into the reservoir model
Generate an ensemble of equivalently calibrated flow models suitable for probabilistic analysis
Impact of Brine Composition on Calcite Wettability: A Sensitivity Study
Authors: AlShaikh Murtdha , Mahadevan Jagannathan 
Published: February 2016

Summary
Brine composition change has a significant demonstrated impact on the recovery of oil in laboratory corefloods. Although low-salinity waterflood in clastics has been studied extensively, the impact of brine composition on the wettability and recovery in carbonates is relatively less understood and studies are more recent. Wettability measurements by use of contact angles can reflect the surface energy changes caused by adsorption of compounds present in crude oil and the electrostatic, structural components caused by the formation of the double layer.
In this study, the impact of ion composition on the contact angles and interfacial tensions (IFTs) between crude oil, brine, and restored/aged calcite-mineral surface is studied by use of a drop-profile-analysis method. A 13-factor experimental design is used to quantify the impact of six salts and seven interactions. This experimental method design, following the Taguchi method (Roy 1990), is used to identify the combination of different salts that leads to the lowest oil-wetness and highest water-wetness as measured through the contact angles. In addition, the impact of the total dissolved solids (TDS) on both the wettability and the IFT is studied for the selected crude oil/brine system.
The analysis of variance of the measurements shows that the Alkali/Alkaline Earth metal chloride concentration has a significant impact on the wettability measured with static contact angles. The interactions between sodium chloride and sodium sulfate concentration; between sodium chloride and magnesium chloride salt concentration; and between sodium chloride and calcium chloride concentration are significant. The most-favorable interaction response is obtained at the highest sodium sulfate concentration along with lower sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride concentrations.
Therefore, a combination of higher concentration of sulfate anions with lower cation concentration and reduced salinity can lead to more-water-wet conditions. This composition is found to lead to the lowest contact angle or the most-water-wet condition. It is interesting to note that the lowest contact angle of approximately 29 ° (highly water-wet) is obtained with a relatively high TDS content of 134.5 g/L. This observation is in line with some of the recent studies reported in the literature on carbonate-rock corefloods and offers a fundamental explanation.
Diaphragm Pacing as a Rehabilitative Tool for Patients With Pompe Disease Who Are Ventilator-Dependent: Case Series
Authors: Smith Barbara K. , Fuller David D. , Martin A. Daniel , Lottenberg Lawrence , Islam Saleem , Lawson Lee Ann , Onders Raymond P. , Byrne Barry J. 
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose
Pompe disease is an inherited disorder notable for severe, progressive ventilatory compromise. Although ventilatory failure has been attributed to myofiber dysfunction secondary to diaphragmatic glycogen accumulation, neural involvement of the phrenic motor system is also a prominent feature. Direct diaphragm pacing supplements respiratory function in other disorders of the phrenic motor system. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that augmented neuromuscular activity via diaphragm pacing would promote weaning from mechanical ventilation in patients with Pompe disease who are unresponsive to conventional, muscle-directed treatments.

Case Description
Three patients with Pompe disease developed diaphragm paresis that resulted in chronic mechanical ventilation dependence. After preoperative inspiratory muscle strengthening exercises failed to improve function, fine-wire pacing electrodes were laparoscopically implanted into the diaphragm. Diaphragm conditioning was initiated the first postoperative week and consisted of gradual increases in stimulation parameters, lengthening of stimulation sessions, and ventilator weaning. Ventilation and intramuscular electromyographic activity were recorded periodically during conditioning to quantify diaphragm neuromuscular function.

Outcomes
During paced breathing without mechanical ventilation, tidal volumes increased, and 2 patients were weaned from daytime ventilator dependence within the first 3 months of pacing, which has been sustained over the long-term. A third patient reduced reliance on daytime ventilation, but weaning was delayed by malacia of the large airways. In all patients, pacing appeared to facilitate spontaneous phrenic motor unit activity during independent breathing without ventilator or pacer support.

Discussion
The findings are consistent with the view that diaphragm pacing has potential rehabilitative value to reduce reliance on mechanical ventilation in people with Pompe disease, but further study is needed. Diaphragm pacing represents a paradigm shift in the management of respiratory insufficiency for Pompe disease that warrants further controlled examination.
Non-invasive brain stimulation and robot-assisted gait training after incomplete spinal cord injury: A randomized pilot study
Authors: Raithatha Ravi , Carrico Cheryl , Powell Elizabeth Salmon , Westgate Philip M. , Chelette II Kenneth C. , Lee Kara , Dunsmore Laura , Salles Sara , Sawaki Lumy 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND: Locomotor training with a robot-assisted gait orthosis (LT-RGO) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are interventions that can significantly enhance motor performance after spinal cord injury (SCI). No studies have investigated whether combining these interventions enhances lower extremity motor function following SCI. OBJECTIVE: Determine whether active tDCS paired with LT-RGO improves lower extremity motor function more than a sham condition, in subjects with motor incomplete SCI. METHODS: Fifteen adults with SCI received 36 sessions of either active ( n = 9) or sham ( n = 6) tDCS (20 minutes) preceding LT-RGO (1 hour). Outcome measures included manual muscle testing (MMT; primary outcome measure); 6-Minute Walk Test (6MinWT); 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT); Timed Up and Go Test (TUG); Berg Balance Scale (BBS); and Spinal Cord Independence Measure-III (SCIM-III). RESULTS: MMT showed significant improvements after active tDCS, with the most pronounced improvement in the right lower extremity. 10MWT, 6MinWT, and BBS showed improvement for both groups. TUG and SCIM-III showed improvement only for the sham tDCS group. CONCLUSION: Pairing tDCS with LT-RGO can improve lower extremity motor function more than LT-RGO alone. Future research with a larger sample size is recommended to determine longer-term effects on motor function and activities of daily living.
Factors influencing acceptance of disability among stroke patients in Tianjin, China:A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chai Qianwen , Yuan Zhifang , Jin Yi , Zhang Qing 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND: Stroke has become the leading cause of acquired disability worldwide. Psychological maladjustment and related reactions for stroke disability has subsequently revealed a negative impact on stroke rehabilitation process. Acceptance of disability (AOD) is widely confirmed as a critical factor for psychosocial regulation and disability acceptance. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate acceptance of disability and its influencing factors among stroke patients in China. METHODS: A total of 220 hospitalized stroke patients were investigated using questionnaire on demographics and disease characters, Adaptation Of Disability Scale-Revised, and other psychological instruments: Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). RESULTS: The mean score of AOD is 74.15 (range 32∼128), which reflected a moderate level of disability acceptance among stroke patients in China. Statistical analysis showed that confrontation, the understanding of stroke, self-rating depression, ability of functional activities and family support were major factors affecting acceptance of disability among disabled stroke patients, which explained 49.6% of the total variance. CONCLUSIONS: In clinical practice, professionals should identify patients with low levels of disability acceptance and explore effective psychological intervention model on the theoretical foundation of different dimensions in AOD theory and related predictors.
Is non-invasive neuromuscular electrical stimulation effective in severe chronic neurogenic dysphagia? Reporton a post-traumatic brain injury patient
Authors: Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Nibali Valeria Conti , Naro Antonino , Floridia Daniela , Pizzimenti Maria , Salmeri Lucia , Salviera Carlo , Bramanti Placido 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND: Neurogenic dysphagia is a difficulty in swallowing induced by nervous system disease. It often causes serious complications, which are preventable if dysphagia is properly managed. There is growing debate concerning the usefulness of non-invasive neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in treating swallowing dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: Aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Vitalstim© device, and to investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying functional recovery. METHODS: A 34-year-old man, affected by severe chronic dysphagia following traumatic brain injury, underwent two different intensive rehabilitation trainings, including either conventional rehabilitation alone or coupled to Vitalstim training. We evaluated patient swallowing function in two separate sessions ( i.e. before and after the two trainings) by means of ad hoc swallowing function scales and electrophysiological parameters (rapid paired associative stimulation). The overall Vitalstim program was articulated in 6 weekly sessions for 6 weeks. RESULTS: The patient did not report any side-effect either during or following both the intensive rehabilitation trainings. We observed an important improvement in swallowing function only after Vitalstim training. In fact, the patient was eventually able to safely eat even solid food. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report objectively suggesting (by means of rPAS) a correlation between the brain neuroplastic changes induced by Vitalstim and the swallowing function improvement. It is hypothesizable that Vitalstim may have targeted cortical (and maybe subcortical) brain areas that are recruited during the highly coordinated function of swallowing, and it may have thus potentiated the well-known neuroplastic changes induced by repetitive and intensive swallowing exercises, probably thanks to metaplasticity phenomena.