bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Spin Out 300 Treated Pots Against Two-Striped Slug, 1996
Authors: Hata T. Y. , Hara A. H. , Jacobsen C. M. , Lanikaula W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Spin Out (Griffin Corp., Valdosta, GA) is a coating of copper hydroxide applied to the interior surface of pots, grow bags, etc. to control root development by chemical root pruning. Efficacy trials against the two-stripped slug were conducted from 22 Nov through 29 Nov 96 at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Waiakea Agricultural Research Station in Hilo, Hawaii. Field collected slugs were held in glass aquariums with screen covers and fed ‘Iceberg’ lettuce daily until tests began. Tests were conducted n a 2.3 X 0.8 X 0.6m-inch galvanized steel box containing a 2.5-cm thick layer of moistened peat moss. Ten Spin Out treated pots and 10 untreated pots were randomly placed into the galvanized box. A 5 X 5 cm piece (approximately 13 g) of “Iceberg” lettuce was placed in each plot. Pots were then covered with cardboard to prevent daylight from entering. Five hundred slugs at various life stages were evenly distributed throughout the galvanized box which was then sealed with 18 X 16 mesh fiberglass screen. The number of slugs in the pots and percentage feeding were recorded 1, 4, and 8 days after adding the slugs. A fresh piece of lettuce was added at each observation. Percentages were transformed to arcsine (sqrt) before analysis.
Efficacy of Selected Conventional and Experimental Insecticides for Control of European Corn Borer on Snap Beans, 1997
Authors: Shaw J. T. , Weinzierl R. , Finger J. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Each replicate had a plot consisting of four 30-inch-wide, 20-ft-long rows. Twenty-five-foot-wide alleys were established between each of the four replications. Insecticides were applied to the middle two rows of each plot, leaving two untreated rows between each plot. Eight insecticide treatments were compared with two untreated checks after multiple manual infestations of ECB egg masses. The two untreated check plots were averaged for the ANOVA. Treatments were to be applied at 28, 21, 14, and 7 days before harvest (DBH); however, because of slow plant development, applications were made at 33, 27, 20, and 12 DBH, every six to eight days beginning on 31 Jul. All insecticide treatments were applied with a modified John Deere 6000 high-clearance vehicle (HCV) with a rear-mounted boom. Six Conejet (TX VS-6) hollow cone nozzles (three per row) were calibrated to deliver 25.2 gpa at 40 psi and a speed of 2.5 mph, utilizing a compressed air system. Four nozzles (2 per row) were attached to drops and directed toward the under surface of the snap bean canopy, area, a third nozzle (one per row) was mounted directly over the row. In one of the center two rows of the 4-row plot, a seven-foot section of row was marked and manually infested (by pinning) with black-headed stage ECB egg masses on wax paper disc, to the foliage of the snap bean plants. Four eggs masses per foot of row were attached i on the following dates: 25 Jul, 1, 8, 15, and 22 Aug.
Evaluation of Insecticides to Control Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1997
Authors: Nault Brian A. , Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 20 Aug at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25-ft-long row, which was flanked by untreated guard rows, all spaced 3 ft apart. There were 14 treatments plus an untreated control arranged in a RCBD replicated 4 times. Two of the treatments were applied on a 4-5-d schedule (17, 22, and 26 Sep; 1, 6, 10, 15, 20, and 24 Oct), whereas the remainder were applied on a 7-d schedule (17 and 24 Sep; 1,8, 15, and 22 Oct). Materials were applied using a propane-powered backpack sprayer equipped with 3 hollow-cone nozzles/row calibrated to deliver 60 gal of spray/acre at 40 psi. Latron CS-7 was included in all applications at a rate of 0.12% vol./vol. On 17 Sep and 1 Oct. imidacloprid (Provado 1.6F) was used at a rate of 3.75 oz/acre to control harlequin bugs and cabbage aphids in plots designated to be treated with Bacillus thuringiensis. The number of Lepidopterous larvae on each of 5 randomly selected plants per plot was recorded on 23 and 6 Oct. On 28 Oct, 10 plants/plot were scored for damage following the damage rating scale (numbers 1-6) published by Greene et al. 1969 (J. Econ. Entomol. 62[4]: 798-800). According to this scale, a head is marketable if rated ≤ 3.
Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1997
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Gerhardt B. R. , Mullins C. A. , Straw R. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set on 7 May at the Plateau Experiment Station, Crossville. Plants were set 12 inches apart in 10-ft rows, and rows were on 3 ft centers. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Blocks were separated by 5-ft alleys. Soil type was classified as Lily silt loam with pH 6.2. Insecticides were applied using a 2.5-gal compressed CO2 hand sprayer calibrated to spray 80 gpa at 40 psi on 19 and 27 Jun, 3, 10, 15, and 24 Jul. CS-7 was added to both Confirm treatments and RH-2485. There were similar numbers of CL and ICW larvae on all treatments and evaluation dates. Damaged heads were counted on 10 plants on 1, 8, 15, 22, and 31 Jul. Leaf damage ratings (0 = no evident damage; 10 = 100% of leaves damaged) were made on 31 Jul. Number of marketable heads was determined on 4 Aug. All data were subjected to ANOVA.
Treatment of the Acute and Chronic Infected Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: O’Neil Joseph T. , Parvizi Javad , Winters Brian S. 
Published: December 2017

Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) has been used with increasing frequency for the treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis. The rate of periprosthetic joint infection for TAA varies in the literature. When it occurs, it can have devastating consequences. Despite the large amount of literature published on the workup, treatment, and outcomes of periprosthetic joint infection in other areas of the body, there is a paucity of studies when it comes to the ankle. The results of surgical treatment of infected TAA are mixed and complication rates are high. The experience gained by the hip and knee surgeons, shoulder and elbow surgeons, and orthopedic trauma surgeons with regards to infection should be considered when managing patients with infected total ankle replacements. At the same time, it is critical that the issues unique to TAA infections be identified and discussed in the hope of defining a “standard of care” for these patients.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
SCI-SCREEN: A More Targeted Nutrition Screening Model to Detect Spinal Cord-Injured Patients at Risk of Malnutrition
Authors: Steensgaard Randi , Bonne Stine , Wojke Peter , Kasch Helge 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Purpose
To explore if SCI-SCREEN was applicable as nutritional screening model in a neurorehabilitation unit, able to detect spinal cord injury (SCI) persons at nutritional risk.

Design and Methods
SCI-SCREEN underwent reliability test by 3 specialist nurses, using 10 consecutive SCI in-patients. Audit of 41 SCI-patients was conducted comparing SCI SCREEN with the Danish-Nutritional-Screening-Model-for-hospitalized-persons (DNSM).

Findings
Inter- and intra-tester reliability (Cohen’s Kappa: 0.89-0.93) was high. SCI-SCREEN estimated average energy needs 23% lower (mean difference± SD: 2516.2±1349.1kJ) and protein needs 10% lower (9.5±19.7g/day). Risk assessment differed in 61% (CI95: 42.1; 73.7%) of cases and risk-agreement was obtained in 22% (CI95: 10.6; 37.6%). SCI-SCREEN detected 66% (CI95: 44.5; 75.8%) and DNSM 39% at risk of malnutrition.

Conclusions
The SCI-SCREEN model estimates SCI-energy and protein needs more accurately than DNSM by adjusting to SCI-consequences. However, more studies are needed.

Clinical Relevance
SCI-SCREEN is a reasonable starting-point in the screening procedure and may be a valuable instrument to identify SCI-patients at risk of malnutrition.
Reinventing Radiology: Big Data and the Future of Medical Imaging
Authors: Morris Michael A. , Saboury Babak , Burkett Brian , Gao Jackson , Siegel Eliot L. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
Today, data surrounding most of our lives are collected and stored. Data scientists are beginning to explore applications that could harness this information and make sense of it.

Materials and Methods:
In this review, the topic of Big Data is explored, and applications in modern health care are considered.

Results:
Big Data is a concept that has evolved from the modern trend of “scientism.” One of the primary goals of data scientists is to develop ways to discover new knowledge from the vast quantities of increasingly available information.

Conclusions:
Current and future opportunities and challenges with respect to radiology are provided with emphasis on cardiothoracic imaging.
Low beta power reflects perceived temporal probabilities for uncertain future events
Authors: Tavano Alessandro , Schröger Erich , Kotz Sonja A. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryHumans tend to use elapsed time to increase the perceived probability that an impending event – e.g., the Go sign at a traffic light - will occur soon. This prompts faster reactions for longer waiting times (hazard rate effect). Which neural processes reflect instead the perceived probability of uncertain future events? We recorded behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) data while participants detected a target tone, rarely appearing at one of three successive positions of a repeating five-tone sequence with equal probability. Pre-stimulus oscillatory power in the low betaband range (Beta 1: 15-19 Hz) predicted the hazard rate of response times to the uncertain target, suggesting it encodes abstract estimates of a potential event onset. Informing participants about the target’s equiprobable distribution endogenously suppressed the hazard rate of response times. Beta 1 power still predicted behavior, validating its role in contextually estimating temporal probabilities for uncertain future events.HighlightsElapsed time to an uncertain future target increases response speed (Hazard rate).Pre-stimulus low beta-band (Beta 1: 15-19 Hz) power predicts the hazard rate to uncertain targets.Beta 1 power predicts response times even when elapsed time is factored out.eTOC BlurbTavano et al. show that pre-stimulus low beta band (15-19 Hz) power predicts response times to an uncertain future target, even before its occurrence and under different prior knowledge conditions, suggesting it reflects contextual, subjective estimates of potential future events.
Partial ablation of the orexin field induces a sub narcoleptic phenotype in a conditional mouse model of orexin neurodegeneration
Authors: Black Sarah Wurts , Sun Jessica D. , Santiago Pamela , Laihsu Alex , Kimura Nikki , Yamanaka Akihiro , Bersot Ross , Humphries Paul S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNarcolepsy type 1 (Na-1) and 2 (Na-2) are characterized by an inability to sustain wakefulness and are likely caused by degeneration of orexin neurons. Near complete orexin neurodegeneration depletes orexin-A from the cerebrospinal fluid and produces Na-1. The pathophysiology of Na-2 is less understood, but has been hypothesized to be due to less extensive loss of orexin neurotransmission. The orexin-tTA; TetO diphtheria toxin A mouse allows conditional control over the extent and timing of orexin neurodegeneration. To evaluate partial ablation of the orexin field as a model of Na-2, orexin-A positive cell counts and sleep/wake phenotypes (determined by piezoelectric monitoring) were correlated within individual mice after different protocols of diet-controlled neurodegeneration. Partial ablations that began during the first 8 days of study were 14% larger than partial ablations induced during the last 8 days of study, six weeks later and prior to sacrifice of all mice, suggesting orexin-A positive cell death continued despite the resumption of conditions intended to keep orexin neurons intact. Sleep/wake of mice with 71.0% orexin-A positive cell loss, initiated at the beginning of study, resembled that of orexin-intact controls more than mice with near complete neurodegeneration. Conversely, mice with 56.6% orexin-A positive cell loss, created at the end of study, had sleep/wake phenotypes that were similar to those of mice with near complete orexin-A positive cell loss. Collectively, these results suggest that compensatory wake-promotion develops in mice that have some critical portion of their orexinergic system remaining after partial ablation.Statement of significanceThe pathophysiology of narcolepsy type 2 is poorly understood but has been hypothesized to be due, at least in part, to degeneration of a smaller proportion of the orexin neuronal field than occurs in narcolepsy type 1. To evaluate a transgenic mouse model of narcolepsy type 2, we correlated the sleep/wake phenotypes of individual, male and female adult mice that received diet-induced conditional ablations of orexin neurons with their orexin cell counts. Using a translatable measure of narcolepsy sleepiness severity, we demonstrated that compensatory wake-promoting responses developed in mice concurrent with progressive orexin neurodegeneration. These results provide important details necessary for preclinical drug discovery for therapeutic areas characterized by orexin insufficiency, such as narcolepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Melanin pathway genes regulate color and morphology of butterfly wing scales
Authors: Matsuoka Yuji , Monteiro Antónia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe cuticular skeleton of a butterfly wing scale cell serves both as a substrate for the deposition of pigments and as an exquisitely finely-sculpted material responsible for the production of structural colors. While cuticle rigidity and pigmentation depend to a large extent on the end products of a branched biochemical pathway – the melanin pathway – little is known whether genes in this pathway also play a role in the development of specific scale morphologies that might aid in the development of structural colors. Here we first show that male and femaleBicyclus anynanabutterflies display differences in scale size and scale morphology but no differences in scale color. Then we use CRISPR/Cas9 to show that knockout mutations in five genes that function in the melanin pathway,TH, DDC, yellow, ebony,andaaNAT,affect both the fine structure and the coloration of the wing scales. Most dramatically, mutations inyellowled to extra horizontal cuticular laminae on the surface of scales, whereas mutations inDDCled to taller and sheet-like vertical cuticular laminae throughout each scale. We identify some of the first genes affecting the development of scale morphology, and whose regulation and pleiotropic effects may be important in creating, as well as limiting, the diversity of structural as well as pigmentary colors observed in butterflies.
Sequence variation aware genome references and read mapping with the variation graph toolkit
Authors: Garrison Erik , Sirén Jouni , Novak Adam M. , Hickey Glenn , Eizenga Jordan M. , Dawson Eric T. , Jones William , Lin Michael F. , Paten Benedict , Durbin Richard 
Published: December 2017

AbstractReference genomes guide our interpretation of DNA sequence data. However, conventional linear references are fundamentally limited in that they represent only one version of each locus, whereas the population may contain multiple variants. When the reference represents an individual’s genome poorly, it can impact read mapping and introduce bias. Variation graphs are bidirected DNA sequence graphs that compactly represent genetic variation, including large scale structural variation such as inversions and duplications.1 Equivalent structures are produced by de novo genome assemblers.2,3 Here we present vg, a toolkit of computational methods for creating, manipulating, and utilizing these structures as references at the scale of the human genome. vg provides an efficient approach to mapping reads onto arbitrary variation graphs using generalized compressed suffix arrays,4 with improved accuracy over alignment to a linear reference, creating data structures to support downstream variant calling and genotyping. These capabilities make using variation graphs as reference structures for DNA sequencing practical at the scale of vertebrate genomes, or at the topological complexity of new species assemblies.
Integrative inference of subclonal tumour evolution from single-cell and bulk sequencing data
Authors: Malikic Salem , Jahn Katharina , Kuipers Jack , Sahinalp S. Cenk , Beerenwinkel Niko 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the evolutionary history and subclonal composition of a tumour represents one of the key challenges in overcoming treatment failure due to resistant cell populations. Most of the current data on tumour genetics stems from short read bulk sequencing data. While this type of data is characterised by low sequencing noise and cost, it consists of aggregate measurements across a large number of cells. It is therefore of limited use for the accurate detection of the distinct cellular populations present in a tumour and the unambiguous inference of their evolutionary relationships. Single-cell DNA sequencing instead provides data of the highest resolution for studying intra-tumour heterogeneity and evolution, but is characterised by higher sequencing costs and elevated noise rates. In this work, we develop the first computational approach that infers trees of tumour evolution from combined single-cell and bulk sequencing data. Using a comprehensive set of simulated data, we show that our approach systematically outperforms existing methods with respect to tree reconstruction accuracy and subclone identification. High fidelity reconstructions are obtained even with a modest number of single cells. We also show that combining single-cell and bulk sequencing data provides more realistic mutation histories for real tumours.
Cultivation and genomic analysis ofCandidatusNitrosocaldus islandicus, a novel obligately thermophilic ammonia-oxidizingThaumarchaeon
Authors: Daebeler Anne , Herbold Craig , Vierheilig Julia , Sedlacek Christopher J. , Pjevac Petra , Albersten Mads , Kirkegaard Rasmus H. , de la Torre José R. , Daims Holger , Wagner Michael 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAmmonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) within the phylumThaumarchaeaare the only known aerobic ammonia oxidizers in geothermal environments. Although molecular data indicate the presence of phylogenetically diverse AOA from theNitrosocaldusclade, group 1.1b and group 1.1aThaumarchaeain terrestrial high-temperature habitats, only one enrichment culture of an AOA thriving above 50 °C has been reported and functionally analyzed. In this study, we physiologically and genomically characterized a novelThaumarchaeonfrom the deep-branchingNitrosocaldaceaefamily of which we have obtained a high (∼85 %) enrichment from biofilm of an Icelandic hot spring (73 °C). This AOA, which we provisionally refer to as “CandidatusNitrosocaldus islandicus”, is an obligately thermophilic, aerobic chemolithoautotrophic ammonia oxidizer, which stoichiometrically converts ammonia to nitrite at temperatures between 50 °C and 70 °C.Ca.N. islandicus encodes the expected repertoire of enzymes proposed to be required for archaeal ammonia oxidation, but unexpectedly lacks anirKgene and also possesses no identifiable other enzyme for nitric oxide (NO) generation. Nevertheless, ammonia oxidation by this AOA appears to be NO-dependent asCa.N. islandicus is, like all other tested AOA, inhibited by the addition of an NO scavenger. Furthermore, comparative genomics revealed thatCa.N. islandicus has the potential for aromatic amino acid fermentation as its genome encodes an indolepyruvate oxidoreductase(iorAB)as well as a type 3b hydrogenase, which are not present in any other sequenced AOA. A further surprising genomic feature of this thermophilic ammonia oxidizer is the absence of DNA polymerase D genes - one of the predominant replicative DNA polymerases in all other ammonia-oxidizingThaumarchaea.Collectively, our findings suggest that metabolic versatility and DNA replication might differ substantially between obligately thermophilic and other AOA.
School and emotional well-being: a transcultural analysis on youth in Southern Spain
Authors: Soriano Encarnación , Cala Verónica C.C. 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess and compare school well-being (SW) and emotional well-being (EW) among Romanian, Moroccan and Spanish youth, to determine the degree of relation between EW and scholar well-being.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employed cross-sectional research with cluster sampling in two primary schools and seven secondary schools. The questionnaire Kidscreen-27 was distributed to a sample of 1,840 Romanian, Moroccan and Spanish students aged between 10 and 19 years old. Data analysis was conducted with the software package SPSS, version 21.FindingsEW shows significant gender (gender gap) and origin inequalities (lower performance for the Moroccan community). However, well-being in school shows positive results for the Moroccan students and women. Moreover, EW and well-being at school are presented as related and co-linear variables with a predictive power over one another.Research limitations/implicationsUnderstanding cultural expressions in heterogeneous cultures is a very complex task. Despite the cultural adaptation and validation of instruments, the applied surveys could not consider cultural differences.Practical implicationsThe paper underlines that gender and origin remain decisive and determinant for adolescent health. However, the school can have positive effects on the well-being of immigrants. The reasons for well-being need to be explored, and it would be useful to develop educative strategies to implement transcultural EW and SW.Originality/valueIt is the first study about SW and EW of immigrants in Spain that explains a better SW in immigrants groups. It is also relevant for applied school intervention to predict the relationship between EW and SW.
The Federal Reserve and retail payments: a historical review
Authors: Lall Ashish 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive historical review of the role of the Federal Reserve in retail payments in the USA.Design/methodology/approachIt reviews the literature on the role of the Federal Reserve and assessments of its involvement.FindingsIn addition to its oversight and operational role, the Federal Reserve has conducted R&D and facilitated technology adoption. It has provided effective competition to the private sector without subsidies.Research limitations/implicationsThe Federal Reserve has served the public interest and private networks have benefited from the “visible hand” of government.Practical implicationsMigration to electronic payments will likely change its role from an operator to setting standards for safety and security.Originality/valueThe historical review provides context against which the future strategy of the Federal Reserve may be assessed.