bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of multicomponent training on lean and bone mass in postmenopausal and older women: a systematic review
Authors: Marín-Cascales Elena , Alcaraz Pedro E. , Ramos-Campo Domingo J. , Rubio-Arias Jacobo A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objective:
The purpose of this systematic review was to update and examine to what extent multicomponent training interventions could improve lean and bone mass at different anatomical regions of the body in postmenopausal and older women.

Methods:
A computerized literature search was performed in the following online databases: PubMed MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Web of Knowledge. The search was performed to include articles up until February 2017. The methodological quality of selected studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.

Results:
Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies examining the effects of combined training methods in postmenopausal and older women showed contrasting results, possibly due to the wide range of the participants’ age, the evaluation of different regions, and the varying characteristics of the training methods between studies. Overall, it appears that exercise modes that combine resistance, weight-bearing training, and impact-aerobic activities can increase or prevent muscle and skeletal mass loss during the ageing process in women.

Conclusions:
Further studies are needed to identify the optimal multicomponent training protocols, specifically the training loads that will improve lean and bone mass at different anatomical locations, in postmenopausal and older women.
EN FACE VERSUS 12-LINE RADIAL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY SCAN PATTERNS FOR DETECTION OF MACULAR FLUID IN NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Authors: Adam Murtaza K. , Shahlaee Abtin , Samara Wasim A. , Maguire Joseph I. , Ho Allen C. , Hsu Jason 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To compare fluid detection of autosegmented en face to 12-line radial spectral domain optical coherence tomography scan patterns in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods:
Retrospective observational case series. Sixty-seven patients (94 eyes) with neovascular age-related macular degeneration underwent autosegmented en face optical coherence tomography (with associated 304-line raster scan) and 12-line radial scan patterns. Sensitivity and specificity of fluid detection for en face scan and 12-line radial scans were determined by combining radial and 304-line raster scans as a gold standard.

Results:
Two hundred and fifty-eight en face and 12-line radial spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans were interpreted. Seventy-five scans (58.1%) had fluid, whereas 54 scans (41.9%) did not. En face scan pattern fluid detection sensitivity and specificity was 89.3% and 61.1%, respectively. Twelve-line radial scan pattern fluid detection sensitivity and specificity was 97.3% and 100%, respectively. The difference in fluid detection between scan patterns was statistically significant (P = 0.01). Decreased central macular thickness was associated with false-positive (P = 0.035) and false-negative (P = 0.01) fluid detection on en face scans.

Conclusion:
En face optical coherence tomography alone is not as sensitive or specific as the 12-line radial scan pattern in detecting fluid in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. En face scans should be corroborated with other optical coherence tomography protocols to guide clinical decision making.
INCREASED PHOTORECEPTOR OUTER SEGMENT VOLUME FOLLOWING SYSTEMIC TREATMENT OF BIRDSHOT CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Docherty Gavin , Martens Rosanna , Forooghian Farzin 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
Retinal degeneration in birdshot chorioretinopathy can be quantified using spectral domain optical coherence tomography by measuring the photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) volume. The purpose of this study was to determine if the PROS volume in BSCR responds to systemic immunomodulatory therapy (IMT).

Methods:
Retrospective chart review with analysis of PROS volume derived from spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Results:
We identified a total of three patients who met our inclusion criteria. At baseline, all patients had abnormal PROS and/or ellipsoid layer findings on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. After systemic immunomodulatory therapy, these abnormalities improved, and PROS volume increased, in all patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
PROS volume can increase after systemic treatment of birdshot chorioretinopathy. This SD-OCT parameter may serve as a useful marker of retinal degeneration in BSCR, and may be a useful outcome measure in monitoring treatment response in birdshot chorioretinopathy.
A Novel Surgical Technique for Ahmed Valves in Refractory Glaucoma With Silicone Oil Endotamponade
Authors: Davo-Cabrera Juan Maria , Lanzagorta-Aresti Aitor , Alcocer Yuste Pablo 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of the study is to describe a novel technique to implant Ahmed valves in patients with refractory glaucoma because of silicone oil (SO) endotamponade

Patients:
Three patients with glaucoma without SO removal were used as an example for this technique.

Methods:
Technique report.

Results and Conclusions:
We introduce a standard technique modification for Ahmed valves in patients with SO. This modification consists on locating the Ahmed valve more tangential to the limbus curvature instead of the usual perpendicular position and inserting the tube in the posterior chamber. The tube can be longer and run parallel to pupil. This technique allows use superotemporal quadrant (fewer complications), avoid corneal touch and decrease SO loss through the tube to subconjunctival space.
Speed of Improvement in Symptoms of Depression With Desvenlafaxine 50 mg and 100 mg Compared With Placebo in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Katzman Martin A. , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Wajsbrot Dalia B. , Meier Ellen , Prieto Rita , Pappadopulos Elizabeth , Mackell Joan , Boucher Matthieu 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Purpose/Background
This post hoc analysis examined the time point at which clinically significant improvement in major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms occurs with desvenlafaxine versus placebo.

Methods
Data were pooled from 9 short-term, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in adults with MDD randomly assigned to desvenlafaxine 50 mg/d, 100 mg/d, or placebo. A mixed-effects model for repeated-measures analysis of change from baseline score was used to determine the time point at which desvenlafaxine treatment groups separated from placebo on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and psychosocial outcomes. The association between early improvement and week 8 outcomes was examined using logistic regression analyses. Time to remission for patients with early improvement versus without early improvement was assessed using Kaplan-Meier techniques. Comparisons between groups were performed with log-rank tests.

Results
In the intent-to-treat population (N = 4279 patients: desvenlafaxine 50 mg/d, n = 1714; desvenlafaxine 100 mg/d, n = 870; placebo, n = 1695), a statistically significant improvement on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was observed with desvenlafaxine 50 mg/d at week 1 (P = 0.0129) and with desvenlafaxine 100 mg/d at week 2 (P = 0.0002) versus placebo. Early improvement was a significant predictor of later remission. Treatment assignment, baseline depression scale scores, and race were significantly associated with probability of early improvement. On several measures of depressive symptoms and function, desvenlafaxine 50 mg/d and 100 mg/d separated from placebo as early as week 1 and no later than week 4 in patients with MDD.

Implications/Conclusions
These findings suggest that clinicians may be able to use depression rating scale scores early in treatment as a guide to inform treatment optimization.
Self-care in People With Motor Neuron Disease: An Integrative Review
Authors: Bassola Barbara , Lusignani Maura 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Self-care is a crucial aspect in the management of chronic diseases. People with motor neuron disease (MND) live with a chronic degenerative condition in rapid evolution, which leads them to high dependencies. During their illness, they must apply several behaviors including adherence to ventilation and nutritional therapy. Objective: The purpose of this review is to systematically explore the concept of self-care for people with MND. Method: An integrative review of the literature has been conducted. The electronic databases CINAHL, PubMed, and SCOPUS were searched. Results: Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed; 7 of them discuss decision-making process and adherence to ventilation and nutritional therapy. Five of them discuss strategies used by people with MND to optimize living with this illness. Four of them discuss care and monitoring behaviors performed and recommended to people with MND. No studies focused on self-care in people with MND was identified in the literature. Conclusions: The concept of self-care in people with MND is related to inventiveness, to adaptability, and to dependence. Further studies seem to be needed to understand the concept of self-care in this population.
Cost Comparison of Socket-Suspended and Bone-Anchored Transfemoral Prostheses
Authors: Frossard Laurent , Berg Debra , Merlo Gregory , Quincey Tanya , Burkett Brendan 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis observational study compared historical costs for provision of socket prostheses with simulated costs for bone-anchored prostheses (BAPs).Materials and MethodsThe costs of transfemoral socket prostheses and BAP were extracted from the Queensland Artificial Limb Service's regulatory documentation according to K-levels and estimated for low-cost, budget, and high-cost limb options. Total costs including labor and parts after 6-year funding cycles were cross-compared for each socket and BAP fitting option.ResultsLabor and attachment costs were reduced by 18% and 79%, respectively, for all BAP options compared with any socket fitting. BAP was more economical by $18,200, $7,000, and $1,600 when fitted with low-cost, budget, and high-cost options, respectively, compared with sockets for K4. The low-cost limb was the only economical option compared with all sockets above K2. Other BAP options were uneconomical compared with socket fitting below K4.DiscussionSuppliers of conventional prosthetic components can strongly impact the overall costs. Interestingly, manufacturers of BAP could play a decisive role given the cost of specific parts (e.g., connectors, protective devices).ConclusionsThe proposed approach for cost assessments could assist funding organizations worldwide working toward the development of fair and equitable financial assistance programs for individuals choosing BAP.
Evaluation of the Immediate Effect of Bracing on Gait Symmetry, Lower-Limb Kinematics, and Trunk and Pelvic Motion during Level Walking in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Karimi Mohammad Taghi , Kavyani Borojeni Mahsa 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
Previous research using gait pathology in patients with adolescent idiopathic indicates gait asymmetry based on ground reaction force components, lower-limb joints, pelvic, and trunk excursion during level walking. However, evidence evaluating the effect of trunk bracing on these parameters and on symmetry of gait pattern is scarce. The aims of this study are to evaluate the range of motion of lower-limb joints as well as pelvic and trunk segments and to assess the symmetry of gait pattern in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis when compared with normal subjects. The effect of trunk bracing on the aforementioned parameters is also investigated.

Method
Ten scoliotic patients (eight girls and two boys) aged between 10 and 16 years and ten normal subjects with comparable age, height, and weight were recruited for this study.
A three-dimensional gait analysis system and Visual3D software were used to evaluate joint range of motion of scoliotic patients in two conditions: with and without brace, as well as from the normal subjects without brace. The symmetry of gait was assessed by use of the asymmetry index.

Results
The results of this study showed that scoliosis led to a decrease in frontal hip, knee, pelvic, and trunk motion. Moreover, it was shown that patients with scoliosis walk with more restricted knee, pelvic, and trunk motions in the sagittal plane. There was no significant difference between the asymmetry index value between walking with and without orthosis. In our study, it was shown that the only discrepancy in the gait pattern between scoliotic patients and healthy subjects is an asymmetrical pelvic movement in the frontal plane.

Conclusion
The results of this study demonstrate that trunk bracing influences the pelvic range of motion and improved symmetry of range of motions of the pelvis. However, bracing did not influence the kinematic parameters of hip, knee, and ankle joints significantly.
Voriconazole Antifungal Prophylaxis in Children With Malignancies: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Pana Zoi Dorothea , Kourti Maria , Vikelouda Katerina , Vlahou Antonia , Katzilakis Nikolaos , Papageorgiou Maria , Doganis Dimitrios , Petrikkos Loizos , Paisiou Anna , Koliouskas Dimitrios , Kattamis Antonios , Stiakaki Eftichia , Chatzistilianou Maria , Vasilatou-Kosmidis Helen , Polychronopoulou Sophia , Grafakos Stelios , Roilides Emmanuel 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Antifungal prophylaxis (AFP) is recommended in at-risk hematology-oncology patients. We evaluated the safety of AFP with voriconazole (VRC) in pediatric hematology/oncology patients.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study of VRC AFP in children with malignancies hospitalized in all 7 Greek pediatric hematology/oncology centers during 2008 to 2012 was conducted. Patients’ demographics, outcome, and adverse event (AE) data were recorded.

Results:
Four hundred twenty-nine VRC AFP courses in 249 patients (median age 6 y, 55% boys) were studied. The most common underlying diseases were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (51%), non Hodgkin lymphoma (8.6%), and acute myeloid leukemia (7.7%). The median number of VRC courses per patient was 1.7, whereas the median VRC dose was 7 mg/kg (range, 5 to 7 mg/kg) every 12 hours. During the last 2 weeks before AFP, 51% of the patients had received corticosteroids, 43% suffered from severe neutropenia, and 17.3% from mucositis. The median duration of VRC AFP was 17 days (range, 1 to 31 d). A single breakthrough fungemia due to Candida glabrata was recorded. Only 1 patient died due to the underlying disease. The most common AEs reported in 70/429 (16.3%) courses with ≥1 AE were elevated liver enzymes (50%), hypokalemia (24.3%), and ophthalmological disorders (14.3%). The median time of AE onset was 5 days (range, 1 to 21 d). Among 70 AEs reported, 38.5%, 48.4%, and 12.8% were of grade I, II, and III, respectively.

Conclusions:
VRC prophylaxis in pediatric hematology/oncology patients appears to be well tolerated.
What Predicts Ongoing Nonsuicidal Self-Injury?
Authors: Kiekens Glenn , Hasking Penelope , Bruffaerts Ronny , Claes Laurence , Baetens Imke , Boyes Mark , Mortier Philippe , Demyttenaere Koen , Whitlock Janis 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Although nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) peaks in adolescence, a significant proportion of young people continue to self-injure into emerging adulthood. Yet, little is known about factors prospectively associated with persistent NSSI. Using data from a 3-year longitudinal study (n = 1466), we compared 51 emerging adults (67.3% female; average age, 20.0 years) who continued to self-injure from adolescence and 50 emerging adults (83.7% female; average age, 20.3 years) who had ceased NSSI, on a broad range of psychosocial factors. More frequent NSSI, use of a greater number of methods, specific NSSI functions, academic and emotional distress, and lack of perceived emotion regulatory capability differentiated emerging adults who continued with NSSI and those who had ceased the behavior. Further, the relationships between social support, life satisfaction, and NSSI were mediated by perceived ability to regulate emotion. Findings from this study point to the role of personal belief in the ability to effectively regulate emotion in the cessation of NSSI. Future research directions and clinical implications are discussed.
The Impact of Negative Life Events on Attempted Suicide in Rural China
Authors: Liu Yanzheng , Zhang Jie 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This study aims to explore the impact of negative life events (NLEs) on attempted suicide in a Chinese cultural setting. The sample comprised 791 suicide attempters and an equal number of controls matched on age, sex, and location from selected rural counties in China. Conditional logistic regression model was used to examine the association between NLEs and suicide risk. The impact of NLEs on attempted suicide was further examined using regression-based method to explore its mediation effect. The types of NLEs that were most likely to precede a suicide attempt in rural sample included the events in marriage/love, family/home, and friend/relationship. Rural women were more likely to experience more interpersonal conflicts than rural men. Approximately 75.6% of suicide attempters had experienced at least one NLE, and NLEs were strongly associated with attempted suicide. Total effect (0.676), direct effect (0.501), and the total indirect effect (0.301) of NLEs on suicide attempts were significantly mediated by hopelessness and depression. NLEs play a crucial role in predicting suicidal attempt in rural China, and they are mediated by depression and hopelessness.
Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulators for Simulating Zonal Multifocal Lenses
Authors: Li Yiyu , Bradley Arthur , Xu Renfeng , Kollbaum Pete S. 
Published: August 2017

SIGNIFICANCE
To maximize efficiency of the normally lengthy and costly multizone lens design and testing process, it is advantageous to evaluate the potential efficacy of a design as thoroughly as possible prior to lens fabrication and on-eye testing. The current work describes an ex vivo approach of optical design testing.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to describe a system capable of examining the optical characteristics of multizone bifocal and multifocal optics by subaperture stitching using liquid crystal technologies.

METHODS
A liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) was incorporated in each of two channels to generate complementary subapertures by amplitude modulation. Additional trial lenses and phase plates were placed in pupil conjugate planes of either channel to integrate the desired bifocal and multifocal optics once the two optical paths were recombined. A high-resolution Shack-Hartmann aberrometer was integrated to measure the optics of the dual-channel system. Power and wavefront error maps as well as point spread functions were measured and computed for each of three multizone multifocal designs.

RESULTS
High transmission modulation was achieved by introducing half-wavelength optical path differences to create two- and five-zone bifocal apertures. Dual-channel stitching revealed classic annular rings in the point spread functions generated from two-zone designs when the outer annular optic was defocused. However, low efficiency of the SLM prevented us from simultaneously measuring the eye + simulator aberrations, and the higher-order diffraction patterns generated by the cellular structure of the liquid crystal arrays limited the visual field to ±0.45 degrees.

CONCLUSIONS
The system successfully simulated bifocal and multifocal simultaneous lenses allowing for future evaluation of both objective and subjective evaluation of complex optical designs. However, low efficiency and diffraction phenomena of the SLM limit the utility of this technology for simulating multizone and multifocal optics.
Effect of Time on Scleral Lens Settling and Change in Corneal Clearance
Authors: Otchere Heinz , Jones Lyndon W. , Sorbara Luigina 
Published: August 2017

SIGNIFICANCE
With the increase in the use of scleral contact lenses among practitioners, questions regarding lens settling are gradually gaining attention. This is because current studies support the notion that scleral lenses settle back over time. More research is needed to understand the exact cause and the factors that underpin such phenomenon.

PURPOSE
The present study aims to assess the effect of time on topographic corneal clearance of three scleral contact lenses of varying sagittal depths.

METHODS
Three scleral contact lenses were fitted to 20 subjects with previous diagnosis of keratoconus (n = 18) or pellucid marginal degeneration (n = 2). The fit was based on corneal sagittal height measured with the Visante optical coherence tomographer (OCT) at 15 mm along the horizontal meridian. To select an appropriate lens from the diagnostic lens set, values of 325 μm (lens 1), 375 μm (lens 2), and 425 μm (lens 3) were randomly added in sequence to the corneal sagittal height. Subjects wore each lens for 1 hour. Corneal clearance was measured at 10-minute intervals for 1 hour using a custom ultra-long OCT. To assess change in clearance, central point and two mid-peripheral points (+3 mm and −3 mm) along an 8-mm chord were measured by taking differences at each time point up to 1 hour. Measurements were repeated for the two other lenses.

RESULTS
Mean central corneal clearance loss for all three lenses was 33.83 ± 48.40 μm. This was 26 ± 27 μm (13 ± 14 μm, +3 mm; 34 ± 37 μm, −3 mm), lens 1; 35 ± 59 μm (38 ± 61 μm, +3 mm; 52 ± 69 μm, −3 mm), lens 2; and 41 ± 54 μm (33 ± 26 μm, +3 mm; 52 ± 48 μm, −3 mm), lens 3, respectively. There was no significant difference (P = 0.06) at central and other locations for lens 1 (location and over time). There were significant differences for both lenses 2 and 3 (P < .001, P = .01, respectively) for all three locations and over time.

CONCLUSIONS
There is a likelihood of clearance loss after 1 hour of lens wear. This varies between subjects, initial lens-fit relationship, and over time.