bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed tomographic excretory urography features of intramural ectopic ureters in 10 dogs
Authors: Fox A. J. , Sharma A. , Secrest S. A 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVESTo describe the morphologic and morphometric computed tomographic excretory urography features of intramural ectopic ureters in dogs.METHODSRetrospective evaluation of computed tomographic excretory urography studies in 10 dogs with surgical and/or cystoscopically confirmed intramural ectopic ureters. All studies were assessed for ureteral ectopia, dilatation, tortuosity, ureterovesicular junction morphology and ureteral orifice location.RESULTSA total of 14 intramural ectopic ureters were confirmed at surgery/cystoscopy with reviewers correctly identifying 100% (14/14). Abnormalities on computed tomographic excretory urography included ureteral dilatation (7), ureteral tortuosity (3), lack of a normal ureterovesicular junction (14), urethral ureteral orifice location (14) and lack of ureteral divergence (14).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCELack of a normal ureterovesicular junction, a urethral–ureteral orifice location and lack of ureteral divergence are common computed tomographic excretory urography findings in dogs with intramural ectopic ureters. This technique requires further investigation to determine whether it might allow differentiation of intramural and extramural ectopic ureters.
The Impact of Aging and Progressive Neurological Disease on Swallowing: A Concise Overview
Authors: Britton Deanna 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDifficulty with swallowing, also known as “dysphagia,” is a common consequence of neurologic disease, including a variety of progressive neurologic diseases associated with aging. The effects of various neurogenic degenerative diseases on swallowing may differ substantially, depending on the nature of the condition. However, the process of aging alone also has an impact on swallowing function. In this concise review, a brief overview of normal swallowing and changes in swallowing associated with aging will be presented. This will be followed by a discussion of the additional impact of neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging on swallowing.Practical ApplicationsMany of the neurodegenerative diseases are prevalent in the aging population. For aging individuals, the impact of the neurodegenerative disease on swallowing is overlaid upon and may interact with the impact of aging on swallowing. In order to effectively assess and treat these individuals, it is critical to understand both the impact of aging and the underlying pathology of the disease itself.
Clinical impact of five large‐scale screening projects for chronic hepatitis B in Chinese migrants in the Netherlands
Authors: Coenen Sandra , van Meer Suzanne , Vrolijk Jan M. , Richter Clemens , van Erpecum Karel J. , Mostert Marijke C. , Veldhuijzen Irene K. , Reijnders Jurriën G. P. , van Soest Hanneke , Dirksen Kees , Drenth Joost P. H. , Koene René P. M. , Bosschart Maaike , Friederich Pieter , ter Borg Martijn J. , Daemen Rick H. P. J. , Arends Joop E. , Verhagen Marc A. M. T. , Schout Christine , Spanier B. W. Marcel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsIn low‐endemic countries it is debated whether first‐generation migrants should be screened for chronic hepatitis B infection. We describe the clinical impact of five large‐scale Dutch screening projects for hepatitis B in first‐generation Chinese migrants.MethodsBetween 2009 and 2013 five independent outreach screening projects for hepatitis B targeting first‐generation Chinese migrants were conducted in five main Dutch regions. To explore the relevance of our screening we defined clinical impact as the presence of an indication for: (i) antiviral therapy, (ii) strict follow‐up because of high hepatitis B DNA levels and/or (iii) surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma.ResultsIn total, 4423 persons participated in the projects of whom 6.0% (n = 264) were HBsAg positive. One hundred and twenty‐nine newly diagnosed HBsAg‐positive patients were analysed in specialist care. Among these patients prevalence of cirrhosis was 6.9% and antiviral therapy for hepatitis B was started in 32 patients (25%). In patients without a treatment indication, strict follow‐up because of high hepatitis B DNA levels and/or surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma was considered indicated in 64 patients (50%).ConclusionsIn our screening project in first‐generation Chinese migrants, antiviral treatment, strict follow‐up because of high hepatitis B DNA levels and/or surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma were considered indicated in three of four analysed HBsAg‐positive patients. These data show that detection of hepatitis B in Chinese migrants can have considerable impact on patient care.
High levels of circulating TNFR1 increase the risk of all‐cause mortality and progression of renal disease in type 2 diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Fernández‐Juárez Gema , Villacorta Perez Javier , Luño Fernández José Luis , Martinez‐Martinez Ernesto , Cachofeiro Victoria , Barrio Lucia Vicente , Tato Ribera Ana M. , Mendez Abreu Angel , Cordon Alfredo , Oliva Dominguez Jesus Angel , Praga Terente Manuel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have demonstrated that levels of circulating inflammatory markers such as tumour necrosis factorα (TNFα), are associated with early progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between circulating TNFα receptor and disease progression in patients with advanced type 2 DN and severe proteinuria.MethodsBetween 2006 and 2011, we measured levels of circulating soluble TNFα receptor 1 (TNFR1) and soluble TNFα receptor 2 (TNFR2) at baseline and 4 and 12 months in 101 patients included in a multicenter randomized controlled trial to compare the effect of optimal doses of renin‐angiotensin system blockers in monotherapy or in combination (dual blockade) to slow progression of established type 2 DN. The primary composite endpoint was a >50% increase in baseline serum creatinine, end‐stage renal disease, or death.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 32 months (IQR, 18‐48), during which time 28 patients (22.7%) achieved the primary endpoint. The TNFR1 level, but not the TNFR2 level, was correlated with other inflammatory markers. Cox regression analysis showed that the highest TNFR1 levels (HR, 2.60; 95%CI, 1.11–86.34) and baseline proteinuria (HR 1.32; 95%CI 1.15–1.52) were associated with the primary endpoint. The mixed model analysis revealed that TNFR1 and the TNFR2 levels did not change after starting treatment with renin‐angiotensin system blockers.ConclusionsOur results show that the highest levels of TNFR1 are independently associated with progression of renal disease and death in type 2 DN. The renin angiotensin blockers have no effect on these inflammatory markers.
DOES WATER DISINFECTANT PLAY A SUPPORTIVE ROLE IN THE SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE? A MATHEMATICAL STUDY
Authors: KUMARI NITU , SHARMA SANDEEP 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe waterborne diseases cause millions of deaths across the globe. It was a preconceived notion since years that ingestion of contaminated water is the only possible way for the spread of waterborne infectious diseases. But some recent studies have shown that waterborne disease can also spread as a result of human to human transmission. The use of disinfectants is a common practice to prevent a waterborne disease. We assume that the inclusion of the disinfectant, although helpful in prevention of disease, caused negative effect on individuals. In this paper, a nonlinear mathematical model has been proposed to analyze the negative effects caused by disinfectant of water on individuals. Our study shows that if the mixing of disinfectant has not been performed in a controlled manner, then it results in an increase in human to human transmission of disease. The equilibrium and stability analysis have been performed to study the nature of the model system. An extensive numerical experiment has been performed to support the analytical findings.
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in Children: Experience from a Tertiary Care Pediatric Dermatology Clinic
Authors: AlKharafi Najla N. A. H. , Alsaeid Khaled , AlSumait Anwar , Al‐Sabah Humoud , Al‐Ajmi Hejab , Rahim Jasim Abdul , Al‐Enezi Hamid , Nanda Arti 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe manifestations of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and their relevance to systemic disease are well characterized in adults, but data are limited in children. The objective of the current study was to examine the spectrum of CLE and its relationship to systemic disease in children from a tertiary care pediatric dermatology clinic.Materials and MethodsAn analysis of 26 children with CLE registered consecutively over 14 years was performed.ResultsNinety‐six percent of the patients were of Arab ethnicity. They included seven (27%) cases with neonatal lupus erythematosus (LE) (71% females and 29% males). Of the other 19 children with CLE, 95% were female. The mean and median age at diagnosis was 11 years. Eighty‐nine percent of the patients fulfilled the criteria for systemic LE. All patients had LE‐specific lesions and 83% had LE‐nonspecific manifestations. Atypical initial presentations were recorded in 28% of the patients, and 22% of the patients had the rare LE variants. Of the LE‐specific manifestations, acute CLE was seen in 83%, subacute in 44%, and chronic in 22%. Autoimmune associations were recorded in 44% and a positive family history of autoimmune diseases in 61%.ConclusionThis study highlights a striking female predominance, higher risk of systemic disease in children presenting with CLE, higher prevalence of atypical presentation and rare CLE variants, and underrepresentation of discoid LE in children and signifies the need for more surveys to delineate the spectrum of pediatric CLE in different parts of the world.
The “Jewelry Addict”: Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Repetitive Multiple Children's Jewelry Exposures
Authors: Silverberg Nanette B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA 9‐year‐old girl with atopic dermatitis developed persistent plaques on the lips, hands, and fingers that were unresponsive to topical steroids. Her mother reported that she was “addicted” to costume jewelry and developed rashes in reaction to a number of adornments, ranging from rubber bracelets to costume metal jewelry and belt buckles. A careful history of jewelry exposures was taken and patch testing was performed to identify allergenic sources. Patch testing revealed allergy to nickel, gold, and thiuram mix. The case illustrates the importance of investigating a range of different types of allergens when evaluating for jewelry sensitivity in children with frequent use of accessories, including rubber jewelry, plastics, dyed yarns, beads, metals, and ceramics. This article provides an overview of jewelry allergies and the potential allergens requiring screening.
Hair Follicle Nevus Located on the Chin of an Infant: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Larson Krista N. , O'Shea Patrick , Zedek Daniel C. , Morrell Dean S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHair follicle nevi are rare, benign, congenital hamartomas that usually occur in the distribution of the first brachial arch. Histopathologically, the distinction between hair follicle nevus, trichofolliculoma, and accessory tragus has recently come into question, and it may be that they are all on a spectrum of the same condition. We report the case of a 7‐day‐old boy who presented with a “tag”‐like lesion on his midline chin that had been present since birth. Biopsy of the lesion proved it to be a hair follicle nevus.
Suicide After Evaluation for Involuntary Psychiatric Commitment—Who Gets Them and What Influences Survival Time?
Authors: Vannoy Steven D. , Andrews Bonnie K. , Srebnik Debra 
Published: March 2016

Although involuntary psychiatric hospitalizations are associated with suicide risk, little is known about the relationship between evaluation for involuntary detention and suicide. We analyzed data on 10,082 suicides from 2000 to 2011 to examine demographics related to evaluation for detention and the association between demographics and evaluation dispositions on survival time. Evaluation preceded 11% of suicides; 53.8% of deaths occurred within 365 days, 6.5 times the expected rate. Males and older individuals were least likely to have been evaluated. Minority status and referral disposition influence 30‐day survival time. Risk is highly concentrated in the first year following evaluation.
Unravelling the moisture sources of the Alpine glaciers using tunnel valleys as constraints
Authors: Reber Regina , Schlunegger Fritz 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA lack of archives has impeded reconstructions of moisture pathways for past glaciations in the European Alps. Here, we focus on the confluence area of two palaeoglaciers in the Swiss Plateau that were sourced on the northern (Aare glacier) and southern sides (Valais glacier) of the European Alps. We mapped tunnel valleys in the region using a drilling database, based on which we inferred the relative extent of each glacier c. 270 ka ago when the valleys were formed. We then compared this situation with that of the LGM. We found that, while the Valais glacier expanded farther into the foreland than the Aare glacier during the LGM, the opposite was the case c. 270 ka ago. We also found that LGM glaciers were non‐erosive in the distal foreland. These contrasts in extents and erosional efficiencies imply differences in moisture pathways between the LGM and the time when the tunnel valleys were formed.
Stepwise palaeoclimate change across the Eocene–Oligocene transition recorded in continental NW Europe by mineralogical assemblages and δ15Norg (Rennes Basin, France)
Authors: Tramoy Romain , Salpin Marie , Schnyder Johann , Person Alain , Sebilo Mathieu , Yans Johan , Vaury Véronique , Fozzani Jérôme , Bauer Hugues 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT, ~34 Ma) is the largest global cooling of the Cenozoic Era and led the Earth's climatic system to change from a greenhouse to an icehouse mode. Although it is well documented in marine settings, the few studies focusing on continental environments have demonstrated regional heterogeneities. The study core CDB1, located in the Rennes Basin (Western France), is a unique terrestrial (lacustrine–palustrine) record comprising well‐preserved and terrestrial‐derived organic‐rich sediments encompassing the EOT. Clay minerals and the first organic nitrogen isotope record (δ15Norg) of terrestrial origin for this period are used to reconstruct palaeoclimate changes across this key interval. As suggested in worldwide marine and a few continental records, a stepwise transition from warm/humid conditions in the Late Eocene to cooler/drier conditions in the Early Oligocene is confirmed in the area. In addition, an episode of drier conditions in the Late Eocene and humid/dry cycles in the Early Oligocene are suggested.
Europe's ‘Others’ in the Polar Mediterranean
Authors: Steinberg Philip E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA large body of literature problematises the role of the Mediterranean, as both civilisational hearth and liminal frontier, in both ancient and modern Europe. However, much less attention has been directed to the inland sea at Europe's northern edge: the Arctic. Increasingly, as the Arctic becomes attractive to non‐Arctic European capitals as a potential site of investment and (in)security, European states, and perhaps the EU as a whole, are seeking to construct the Arctic, like the Mediterranean, as a space that is both marginal and central to the continent's future. This paper seeks to investigate the extent to which the Arctic is, to paraphrase Viljhalmur Stefansson, Europe's ‘Polar Mediterranean’ and what this means for Europe as it constructs institutions and identities that, as in the Mediterranean, use the concept of the inland sea to both incorporate and differentiate its internal and external ‘others.’
‘Spatial Play’ at the Ends of Europe: Oyapock Bridge, Amazonia
Authors: Kramsch Olivier Thomas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDrawing on the work of philosopher‐semiotician Louis Marin, this contribution to Outlook on Europe reveals the ‘spatial play’ of contending outlooks hovering fitfully over the construction of a bridge at the ‘ends of Europe’, in the heart of the Amazon rainforest, on that very spot where French Guiana and Brazil, the European Union and Mercosul, physically touch one another over a muddy tributary, the Rio Oyapock. The inter‐play of visions colliding around the Oyapock bridge, it is argued, illuminates the paradoxes and contradictions of European territorial governance in the globalised time‐space of its postcolonial frontiers. In spite of the high geopolitical rhetoric seeking to unite both continents, the peculiar blindness of Europe's metropolitan gaze vis‐à‐vis indigenous difference sets the stage for perverse effects of exclusion and disempowerment in and around the site of the bridge itself, extending far into its regional hinterlands. Framed against the backdrop of a long, ‘utopian’ modernity of European imperial expansion and territorial conquest, the ghostly spatial dynamics surrounding the Oyapock River bridge project serve to illuminate wider challenges to the projection of EU influence ‘in the world’. A close examination of similar dynamics elsewhere may help bring into focus the lineaments of a more fully confident and mature postcolonial European border studies.
Developmental Plasticity and Language: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Griebel Ulrike , Pepperberg Irene M. , Oller D. Kimbrough 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe growing field of evo‐devo is increasingly demonstrating the complexity of steps involved in genetic, intracellular regulatory, and extracellular environmental control of the development of phenotypes. A key result of such work is an account for the remarkable plasticity oforganismal formin many species based on relatively minor changes in regulation of highly conserved genes and genetic processes. Accounting forbehavioralplasticity is of similar potential interest but has received far less attention. Of particular interest is plasticity in communication systems, where human language represents an ultimate target for research. The present paper considers plasticity of language capabilities in a comparative framework, focusing attention on examples of a remarkable fact: Whereas there exist design features of mature human language that have never been observed to occur in non‐humans in the wild, many of these features can be developed to notable extents when non‐humans are enculturated through human training (especially with intensive social interaction). These examples of enculturated developmental plasticity across extremely diverse taxa suggest, consistent with the evo‐devo theme of highly conserved processes in evolution, that human language is founded in part on cognitive capabilities that are indeed ancient and that even modern humans show self‐organized emergence of many language capabilities in the context of rich enculturation, built on the special social/ecological history of the hominin line. Human culture can thus be seen as a regulatory system encouraging language development in the context of a cognitive background with many highly conserved features.
The role of hemovigilance and postmarketing studies when introducing innovation into transfusion medicine practice: the amotosalen‐ultraviolet A pathogen reduction treatment model
Authors: Corash Laurence , Benjamin Richard J. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDInnovations in transfusion medicine require randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) to demonstrate safety and efficacy before approval; however, these studies are costly and limited in scope and may be underpowered to detect rare adverse events (AEs). Regulatory agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration, require postmarketing surveillance, hemovigilance (HV), and controlled Phase IV studies to monitor performance and confirm safety.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe INTERCEPT Blood System (IBS) is an illustrative model for implementation of a transformative technology for which sponsored active HV, regulatory authority HV, and Phase IV studies were used to extend preapproval efficacy and safety information.RESULTSAfter CE mark registration in Europe, 13,644 patients received 76,346 IBS components prepared largely without gamma irradiation or bacterial screening in sponsored active HV studies documenting no increased incidence of AEs compared to historical controls and no increased component utilization. National HV systems in France and Switzerland specifically demonstrated no transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease or increased incidence of transfusion‐associated acute lung injury, after transfusion of 317,669 IBS platelet (PLT) components, and significant reduction of transfusion‐transmitted bacterial infection as well as acute transfusion reactions. Cumulatively, these studies provide new information about safety and efficacy of IBS PLT and plasma components not obtainable from RCTs.CONCLUSIONAlthough inherently different from RCTs, properly designed postmarketing studies are informative regarding the safety and efficacy of innovative transfusion technologies in large patient populations under conditions of routine use.
The use, publication and future directions of immunocytochemistry in veterinary medicine: a consensus of the Oncology‐Pathology Working Group
Authors: Priest H. L. , Hume K. R. , Killick D. , Kozicki A. , Rizzo V. L. , Seelig D. , Snyder L. A. , Springer N. L. , Wright Z. M. , Robat C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOne of the primary objectives of the Oncology Pathology Working Group (OPWG), a joint initiative of the Veterinary Cancer Society and the American College of Veterinary Pathologists, is for oncologists and pathologists to collaboratively generate consensus documents to standardize aspects of and provide guidelines for oncologic pathology. Consensus is established through review of relevant peer‐reviewed literature relative to a subgroup's particular focus. In this document, the authors provide descriptions of the literature reviewed, the review process, and a summary of the information gathered on immunocytochemistry. The intent of this publication is to help educate practitioners and pathologists on the process of immunocytochemistry and to provide a guide for the use of this technique in veterinary medicine. This document represents the opinions of the working group and the authors and does not constitute a formal endorsement by the American College of Veterinary Pathologists or the Veterinary Cancer Society.