bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family Check-Up Online: Effects of a Virtual Randomized Trial on Parent Stress, Parenting, and Child Outcomes in Early Adolescence
Authors: Mauricio Anne Marie , Hails Katherine A. , Caruthers Allison S. , Connell Arin M. , Stormshak Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe adapted the Family Check-Up Online (FCU-O) (1) to support families coping with pandemic-related stressors to prevent behavioral and emotional problems among middle school youth and (2) for smartphone delivery to increase access and reach during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study evaluated the direct and indirect effects of the adapted FCU-O at 4-months post-baseline. The FCU-O combines online parenting support with telephone coaching. Participants were primary caregivers of children ages 10 to 14 years. Eligibility included endorsing depression on the PHQ-2 or significant stress on a 4-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale. We randomly assigned participants to the adapted FCU-O (N = 74) or a waitlist control condition (N = 87). Participants predominantly self-identified as female (95%), 42.77 years old on average, and White (84.6%). Outcomes included caregiver reports of perceived stress and parenting, and youth conduct problems and depressive symptoms. Using a multilevel modeling approach, we tested intent-to-treat intervention effects at 4-months, with time points nested within participants. The FCU-O reduced caregiver stress and improved proactive parenting and limit setting but had no effects on youth outcomes. Effect sizes were small to moderate (Cohen’s d ranged from .37 to .57). We examined indirect effects on youth outcomes at 4-months via changes in caregiver stress and parenting at 2-months. Mediation analyses suggested indirect effects on youth depressive symptoms via reductions in caregiver stress and increases in proactive parenting. Results indicate the FCU-O has potential as a public health intervention for families facing extreme stressors such as those during the COVID-19 pandemic. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT 05117099.
A Linear Analysis of Torsional Alfvén Waves in Open Twisted Divergent Magnetic Flux Tubes for Coronal Heating
Authors: Pradhan Bivek , Mishra Gobinda Chandra , Karmakar Pralay Kumar , Deka Utpal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe torsional Alfvén wave is highly regarded as the carrier of the energy from the photosphere to the corona in the solar atmosphere. This paper presents a comprehensive linear analysis of the wave behavior and energy transfer within an open, twisted, divergent magnetic flux tube configuration, considering the impact of wave guide structure on the propagation of these waves using the magneto-hydrodynamic approach. The study shows that waves with frequencies between 0.001 Hz and 1 Hz can effectively penetrate the transition region, with the most efficient energy transfer occurring in the 0.1 Hz to 1 Hz frequency range. The research findings suggest that waves with certain intermediate frequencies are able to transmit energy to the coronal region of the Sun, contributing to its active heating.
Multiple belief states in social learning: an evidence tokens model
Authors: Lawry Jonathan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn social learning the way in which agents represent their beliefs motivates and constrains both how they learn individually from the environment and socially from one another. Assuming that agents can only hold beliefs drawn from a finite set of possible belief states, in this paper we investigate the effect that varying the number of those belief states has on the efficacy of social learning. To this end we propose an evidence tokens model for social learning, in which agents transfer tokens between competing hypotheses on the basis both of evidence that they receive directly and of information received from their peers. Using agent-based simulations and difference equations we show that this model is effective in social learning for boundedly rational agents and scales well to the case where there are multiple hypotheses under consideration. We show that varying the number of belief states (as determined by the number of evidence tokens available) has a clear effect both on accuracy and on the time taken for the agent population to reach agreement about which hypothesis is true, so that the optimal belief granularity in social learning is strongly influenced by macro properties of the whole population governing the way that agents interact with each other and the environment.
A new species of Neoergasilus Yin 1956 (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Ergasilidae) parasitic on the catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Siluriformes: Clariidae) from South Africa
Authors: Fikiye Precious P. , Van As Liesl L. , Truter Marliese , Smit Nico J. , Hadfield Kerry A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTwenty-one specimens of an ergasilid were collected from the gills of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), from the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The first leg and antennae morphology conformed to the genus Neoergasilus Yin, 1956. While the invasive Neoergasilus japonicus (Harada, 1930) is the only Neoergasilus species that has been reported from Africa, the combination of several characteristics, separates the Eastern Cape specimens from N. japonicus and the other eight Neoergasilus congeners. These include an inflated cephalothorax; the presence of an oval dorsal ornamentation anterior to the cephalosome; a spine on the posterodistal margin of the first antennal segment; a cone-like process at the proximal margin of the second antennal segment; a knob-like process on the inner distal margin of the first exopodal segment of leg 1 and two forked spines on the third exopodal segment; leg 4 bearing a 2-segmented exopod and 3-segmented endopod; a single-segmented fifth leg with a seta extending from the base of the pedigerous somite and three unequal setae on its free segment; and a median caudal rami seta with an array of spines. Supporting genetic data were generated using two partial ribosomal RNA genes, 18S and 28S, and one partial mitochondrial DNA gene, COI. The Eastern Cape species is here proposed as new to science and described as Neoergasilus africanusn. sp. (Ergasilidae: Cyclopoida). This is the first Neoergasilus species described from the sharptooth catfish and from the southern hemisphere. Additionally, a key to all the species of this genus is provided.
FastComposer: Tuning-Free Multi-subject Image Generation with Localized Attention
Authors: Xiao Guangxuan , Yin Tianwei , Freeman William T. , Durand Frédo , Han Song 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Diffusion models excel at text-to-image generation, especially in subject-driven generation for personalized images. However, existing methods are inefficient due to the subject-specific fine-tuning, which is computationally intensive and hampers efficient deployment. Moreover, existing methods struggle with multi-subject generation as they often blend identity among subjects. We present FastComposer which enables efficient, personalized, multi-subject text-to-image generation without fine-tuning. FastComposer uses subject embeddings extracted by an image encoder to augment the generic text conditioning in diffusion models, enabling personalized image generation based on subject images and textual instructions with only forward passes. To address the identity blending problem in the multi-subject generation, FastComposer proposes cross-attention localization supervision during training, enforcing the attention of reference subjects localized to the correct regions in the target images. Naively conditioning on subject embeddings results in subject overfitting. FastComposer proposes delayed subject conditioning in the denoising step to maintain both identity and editability in subject-driven image generation. FastComposer generates images of multiple unseen individuals with different styles, actions, and contexts. It achieves 300

$$\times $$

×

–2500

$$\times $$

×

speedup compared to fine-tuning-based methods and requires zero extra storage for new subjects. FastComposer paves the way for efficient, personalized, and high-quality multi-subject image creation. Code, model, and dataset are available here (https://github.com/mit-han-lab/fastcomposer).
SchoolHEAT: Racial and Ethnic Inequity in School Temperature
Authors: Jones Kelly K. , Vijay Varsha , Zenk Shannon N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExposure to high environmental temperature is detrimental to health through multiple pathways. This paper describes disparities in school-based high-temperature exposure at metropolitan schools in the United States. Using school location and sociodemographic data from the National Center for Education Statistics, neighborhood data from the US Census Bureau, and land surface temperature (LST) data from the Aqua Earth-observing satellite mission, we find that for every 10% more Black or Hispanic residents in the neighborhood, schools have LST 0.25 °C and 0.38 °C hotter, respectively. When the Black or Hispanic student population is greater than the neighborhood population, LST is an additional 0.20 °C and 0.40 °C for each 10% increase in students over neighborhood population, respectively. Black and Hispanic students are overrepresented in the hottest schools, making up 58.7% of students in the hottest 20% of schools, compared to only 30.0% of students in the coolest 20% of schools.
Leader ideology and state commitment to multilateral treaties
Authors: Vignoli Valerio , Onderco Michal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe existing literature argues that the left is generally more supportive of multilateralism in foreign policy than the right. However, the impact of ideology on state commitment to multilateral cooperation have not yet been empirically tested adequately. We assess the presence of such a left–right divide on state commitment to multilateral treaties employing an original dataset, containing all the available information about the ratification of the multilateral treaties deposited with the UN Secretary General since 1945. Our results indicate that indeed countries led by left-wing leaders are generally faster at ratifying treaties than those led by right-wing leaders. However, the association between leader ideology and commitment to multilateral treaties is substantially conditioned by regime type and the international context. In fact, we find robust evidence of a significant gap in ratification duration between states led by left-wing and right-wing leaders in democracies but not in other regime types, and during the Cold War but not after. Through such findings, this article provides a contribution to the debate on the impact of ideology on international relations and the drivers of global support for multilateralism.
Can AI-Generated Clinical Vignettes in Japanese Be Used Medically and Linguistically?
Authors: Yanagita Yasutaka , Yokokawa Daiki , Uchida Shun , Li Yu , Uehara Takanori , Ikusaka Masatomi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Creating clinical vignettes requires considerable effort. Recent developments in generative artificial intelligence (AI) for natural language processing have been remarkable and may allow for the easy and immediate creation of diverse clinical vignettes.

Objective
In this study, we evaluated the medical accuracy and grammatical correctness of AI-generated clinical vignettes in Japanese and verified their usefulness.

Methods
Clinical vignettes were created using the generative AI model GPT-4–0613. The input prompts for the clinical vignettes specified the following seven elements: (1) age, (2) sex, (3) chief complaint and time course since onset, (4) physical findings, (5) examination results, (6) diagnosis, and (7) treatment course. The list of diseases integrated into the vignettes was based on 202 cases considered in the management of diseases and symptoms in Japan’s Primary Care Physicians Training Program. The clinical vignettes were evaluated for medical and Japanese-language accuracy by three physicians using a five-point scale. A total score of 13 points or above was defined as “sufficiently beneficial and immediately usable with minor revisions,” a score between 10 and 12 points was defined as “partly insufficient and in need of modifications,” and a score of 9 points or below was defined as “insufficient.”

Results
Regarding medical accuracy, of the 202 clinical vignettes, 118 scored 13 points or above, 78 scored between 10 and 12 points, and 6 scored 9 points or below. Regarding Japanese-language accuracy, 142 vignettes scored 13 points or above, 56 scored between 10 and 12 points, and 4 scored 9 points or below. Overall, 97% (196/202) of vignettes were available with some modifications.

Conclusion
Overall, 97% of the clinical vignettes proved practically useful, based on confirmation and revision by Japanese medical physicians. Given the significant effort required by physicians to create vignettes without AI, using GPT is expected to greatly optimize this process.
Eliten der Digitalisierung. Führungswechsel in der deutschen Wirtschaft?
Authors: Hubrich Lion , Staab Philipp 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung der Wirtschaft sorgt für eine Dynamisierung der politischen Ökonomie. Neue und etablierte Akteur:innen konkurrieren um die Kontrolle digitalisierter Wertschöpfungsketten. Der vorliegende Beitrag unternimmt eine erste Strukturanalyse der Eliten dieses Feldes in Deutschland. Für die Untersuchung werden Lebensläufe und Netzwerke von 254 Personen analysiert, die Schlüsselpositionen im Kontext der Digitalisierung der deutschen Wirtschaft einnehmen. Es wird geprüft, inwiefern die Koordinations- und Personalstruktur des Feldes von Logiken der Transnationalisierung und Finanzialisierung geprägt ist, die für die digitale Ökonomie leitend sind. An einigen Stellen lässt sich eine Anpassung von Reproduktionsstrategien an die veränderten Spielregeln der Digitalisierung beobachten: so bei der zunehmenden Verbreitung kurzer Auslandsaufenthalte oder beim Bedeutungsgewinn finanzialisierter Managementkompetenz in der New Economy. Die Grundpfeiler der deutschen Elitenreproduktion bleiben jedoch unangetastet. Im Gegensatz zu soziologischen Erwägungen, die schon im Kontext der Globalisierung einen Bedeutungsverlust nationaler Eliten erwarteten, zeigt sich: Erstens besteht in Deutschlands digitalisierter Wirtschaft ein nationales industrielles Netzwerk von Spitzenmanager:innen fort, welches über Aufsichtsräte sowie Konsultations- und Verbandsgremien integriert ist. Zweitens konnten kaum Ausländer:innen in die digitale Elite aufrücken und finden prägende Karriereschritte überwiegend im Inland statt. Drittens dominieren weiterhin charakteristische Merkmale der deutschen Elitenformation – wie Hauskarrieren, das Studium an deutschsprachigen Massenuniversitäten oder die Möglichkeit von Karrieren, die auf technischer Kompetenz beruhen. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass die angestammten Eliten der deutschen Wirtschaft durch eine inkrementelle Anpassung ihrer Reproduktionsstrategien ihre Positionen auch im digitalen Kapitalismus behalten.
Perspectives of healthcare providers on osteoporosis, falls and fracture risk: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Cho Catherine , Bak Grace , Sumpton Daniel , Richards Bethan , Sherrington Catherine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
Osteoporosis and falls are major risk factors for osteoporotic fractures, with significant detriment to patients’ quality of life. We aimed to describe healthcare provider (HCP) perspectives and experiences in the diagnosis, management and prevention of osteoporosis, falls and fractures obtained through primary qualitative research.

Methods
Thematic synthesis was performed on articles identified through a search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO and CINAHL), which were searched from inception to May 2023.

Results
Twenty-seven studies including 1662 HCPs, including general practitioners (GPs), physicians, surgeons, physiotherapists (PTs), occupational therapists (OTs), pharmacists and nurses, were included, with identification of six themes: overshadowed as a disease entity, uncertainty in decision making, frustration with interdisciplinary and systemic tension, avoiding medical paternalism, desire for improved care and embracing the responsibility.

Conclusion
Osteoporotic fracture and fall prevention in routine clinical care is hampered by inadequate priority and lack of perceived connection with morbidity and mortality, deficits in interdisciplinary collaboration, lack of clinical confidence and health resourcing. However, HCPs acknowledge their role in promoting healthy ageing, thus providing support through appropriate continuing education, resourcing and public health campaigns that are significant future directions, which may improve osteoporotic fracture prevention.
Dissolution Behaviors of Recycled Cement Paste and Lime in EAF Slag Under Static Conditions
Authors: Yang Mingrui , Yan Zhiming , Li Zushu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecycled cement paste (RCP) is a CaO-rich resource that is recycled from waste concrete and waste cement. For reducing environmental impact and promoting comprehensive resource utilization, RCP could partially replace lime as flux in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking process. In this study, the dissolution behaviors of RCP and lime in EAF slag at 1400 °C and 1500 °C were investigated using static dissolution experiments. The measured dissolution rate constant of lime at 1400 °C and 1500 °C is 3.12×10−5 and 8.42×10−5 m/s, respectively, while that for RCP is 1.37×10−4 and 2.91×10−4 m/s, respectively. For the lime dissolution, a dense dicalcium silicate (C2S) product layer was generated at the dissolution interface, with the diffusion of Ca2+ in the C2S layer being the limiting step for the lime dissolution. However, for the RCP dissolution, no product layer was observed at the dissolution interface. Instead, a dissolution intermediate layer forms due to slag penetration. During the dissolution of RCP, Ca2+ and SiO44− diffuse from RCP layer to slag, while Fe2+ and AlO45− diffuse from slag to RCP layer accumulating in the dissolution intermediate layer. Furthermore, a dissolution model was developed based on current experimental results, which helps to predict dynamic dissolution process of lime and RCP in EAF slag. In general, the dissolution rate of RCP in EAF slag was much higher than that of lime, partially adding RCP as flux in EAF could accelerate the liquid slag formation in EAF steelmaking process.
Compassionate Principlism: Towards a Novel Alternative to Standard Principlism in Bioethics
Authors: Braus Adam J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrinciplism appears to be the prevailing applied ethical framework in bioethics. Despite the view’s various strengths, critics point out that since the principles are ad hoc, conflicts indubitably emerge leading to inconsistency. There is debate around whether principlism can provide definitive action-guiding moral prescriptions or only help structure intelligent analyses and justifications of moral choices. In this paper, I contend that applying concepts of moral symmetry and moral asymmetry allows us to modify one of principlism’s principles—the principle of beneficence—into what I will call the principle of compassion. I argue that the principle of compassion can function as an arbitrating or primary principle within the principlist framework. The result is a view we might call compassionate principlism. Arguably, compassionate principlism leads to fewer inconsistencies and provides more acceptable action-guiding moral prescriptions than traditional principlism.
Eating frequency, timing of meals, and sleep duration before and after a randomized controlled weight loss trial for breast cancer survivors
Authors: D’cunha Kelly , Park Yikyung , Leech Rebecca M. , Protani Melinda M. , Marquart-Wilson Louise , Reeves Marina M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To examine eating frequency, timing of meals, and sleep duration before and after a weight loss intervention for breast cancer survivors.

Methods
Female breast cancer survivors (n = 159; 55 ± 9 years; 31.4 ± 5.0 kg/m2; stage I–III, median [IQR] 9.5 [5.5] months post-diagnosis) participated in a randomized controlled trial of a 12-month weight loss intervention versus usual care. Eating frequency, proportion of daily calories consumed after 5 PM, eating after 8 PM, nightly fasting duration, and sleep duration were estimated and categorized based on existing associations with factors influencing breast cancer prognosis and breast cancer outcomes. These behaviors at baseline were compared to women from an Australian national survey with similar age and BMI range. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to examine the changes in health behaviors from baseline to 18 months between intervention and usual care groups.

Results
Before the trial, eating after 8 PM (67%) was higher, and short nightly fasting duration (< 13 h, 83%) and long sleep duration (> 9 h/day, 26%) were marginally higher, in breast cancer survivors than women in the national survey (52%, 75%, and 17%, respectively). “Less optimal” eating behaviors and sleep duration tended to co-occur. Behaviors remained unchanged over the 18-month follow-up, irrespective of the study group (p > 0.05; Cohen’s effect sizes < 0.3).

Conclusions
Later timing of eating and long sleep duration were prevalent in breast cancer survivors and continued following a weight loss intervention.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Future multi-behavior interventions in breast cancer survivors should consider specific messages to target eating timing behaviors and sleep.