bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicidal intent in people with major depression
Authors: Shukla D. , Jilani A.Q. , Jaiswal P. , Nischal A. , Kallivayalil R.A. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundDepression is most common underlying contributor among cases of attempted/completed suicide. There is dearth of information regarding suicidal intent among people with depression and its relationship with hopelessness among Indians.ObjectiveTo evaluate and describe the intent of suicide in people with depression among north Indian population.MethodsThis cross-sectional single point, study was performed at the department of psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. Cases were in the age group of 18–60 years with major depressive disorder as per DSM-IV TR criteria. Following tools e.g. Hamilton depression rating scale (HRS), Beck's hopelessness scale (BHS) and suicide intent questionnaire (SIQ) were used for assessment.ResultsSuicidal intent was observed among 68.1% (n = 49) of study sample (n = 72). There was no significant (P > 0.05) association of suicidal intent with socio-demographic factors except domicile status. Suicidal intent was common among people with moderate to severe depression and those with hopelessness. The hopelessness was present among 70.8% of subjects.ConclusionSuicidal intent is prevalent among people with major depression. Intervention at initial stage of suicidal intention would of importance for successful preventive measure. This emphasizes the need for evaluation of suicidal intent in cases of depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical and psychological characteristics of patients with suicidal thoughts during prolonged depressive and anxiety disorders and their therapeutic correction
Authors: Tsygankov B. , Surnina S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThis is an extremely important problem of determining clinical-psychological and personality-typological characteristics of patients with suicidal intentions. In the complex therapeutic correction of suicidal behavior, there is almost no use of such psychotherapy method as katathym imaginative psychotherapy (KIP).ObjectiveStudy of clinical-psychological and personal-typological peculiarities and development of an optimal adaptation of KIP for the treatment of patients with suicidal thoughts.MethodsThe study was included 52 patients with anxiety-depressive disorder and suicidal intentions; was used K. Leongard questionnaire, SCL-90-R, SR-45, J. Vagin questionnaire of suicidal motivation.ResultsThe investigated patients were divided into three groups with acute reaction on stress, personality disorder and schizotypal disorder. The first group has revealed the predominance of instrumental, anemic, anesthetic motivation, emotive and anxiety types of accentuation and high level of suicidal readiness. The second has identified anesthetic motivation, anxiety and cyclothymia type of accentuation with a moderate level of suicidal readiness. The third group included patients with symptoms of anemic motivation suicidal motivation, anxiety type of accentuation and a high level of suicidal readiness. The reduction of psychopathological symptoms in patients of the first group occurred in a shorter period of 18.0 ± 2.1 days, compared with the second – 25.0 ± 5.6 days, and the third group – 21.2 ± 2.1 days.ConclusionIn the main group, the highest suicide rates were in patients with anemic, anesthetic and motivation and anxiety type accentuation. Patients of the first group showed the best response to a comprehensive pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Predicting suicidal behavior by an accurate monitoring of RNA editing biomarkers in blood samples
Authors: Weissmann D. , Vire B. , Van der Laan S. , Salvetat N. , Pointet S. , Lannay Y. , Marcellin G. , Molina F. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPredicting suicidal behaviors is one of the most complex challenges of daily psychiatric practices. Alterations of RNA editing of neurotransmitter receptors and other proteins have been shown to be involved in etiology of different psychiatric disorders and linked to suicidal behavior. Additionally, an increase in expression levels of ADARs, the RNA editing enzymes, has also been observed.ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to test whether modifications in RNA editing profile of prime targets allow identifying disease-relevant blood biomarkers and evaluating suicide risk in patients.MethodsA clinical study was performed to identify an RNA editing signature in blood of depressed patients with and without history of suicide attempts. Patient's samples were drawn in PAXgene tubes and analyzed on Alcediag's proprietary RNA editing platform using NGS. In addition, gene expression analysis by quantitative PCR was performed.ResultsWe generated a predictive algorithm comprising various selected biomarkers to detect patients with a high risk to attempt suicide. We evaluated the diagnostic performance using the relative proportion of the phosphodiesterase 8A (PDE8A) mRNA editing at different sites as well as the expression of PDE8A and the ADARs. The significance of these biomarkers for suicidality was evaluated using the receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The generated algorithm comprising the biomarkers was found to have strong diagnostic performances with high specificity and sensitivity.ConclusionsWe developed tools to measure disease–specific biomarkers in blood samples of patients for identifying individuals at the greatest risk for future suicide attempts.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The effect of vitamin B1 on the change of appetite related to premenstrual syndrome in young women
Authors: Abdollahifard S. , Maddahfar M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMany women in the premenstrual period may be faced with physical and psychological changes that restricted the acceptance of the responsibility of daily living, jobs and reduced quality of life outdoors. One of these mental disorders is the changes in appetite. Preventing the initiation is the first step in reducing premenstrual syndrome, is very important. Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) may reduce symptoms of PMS through affecting the performance of coenzymes in the metabolism of carbohydrates.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin B1 on the change of appetite related to PMS.MethodsIn this double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 100 students with PMS residing at dormitories of Jahrom University were divided randomly into two groups, vitamin B1 and placebo. The severity of mental symptoms specially change in appetite and desire to eat sweets in two cycles, before and during the intervention, was recorded by the students. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsThe comparison of vitamin B1 group before and after the intervention showed that vitamin B1 reduced mean mental (35.08%) symptoms significantly (P < 0.0001). The reduction of severity was observed in desire to eat sweets was 2.42%. The average of mental symptoms severity of PMS has been reduced in vitamin B1 group, and the comparison was significantly different.ConclusionsTherefore, vitamin B1 is recommended for reduction of symptom severity of PMS include desire to eat sweet. This vitamin can be used to reach a major goal of midwifery, without any side effects.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sex differences in experimental studies of depression: How can clinical research benefit?
Authors: Kokras N. , Dalla C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSex differences in depression and antidepressant response in humans are modestly studied and results are controversial. Experimental studies using animal models may provide insights that could be useful in clinical trials.ObjectivesThe objective is to summarize findings from preclinical studies on sex differences and suggest how such preclinical research might be of use in clinical research.AimsSpecifically it is aimed to summarize evidence for both sexes in relation to the phenotype of depression, its endophenotype and the antidepressant response.MethodsA selection of experimental studies on sex differences in stress and antidepressant response was performed and their findings were linked to potential confounders or methodological issues that might obscure the results of clinical trials.ResultsIn preclinical studies, behavioral indices and models are adjusted for both sexes, in order to properly identify sex differences in primary outcomes. This is not routinely happening in clinical studies when using depression rating scales, which is the analogue of behavioral indices. Moreover, preclinical studies show sex differences at the baseline behavioral response and underlying mechanisms that often converge following antidepressant treatment. This is also a neglected issue in human studies. Finally, preclinical research suggests that when researching on potential biomarkers for depression and antidepressant response sex should be an important factor to consider.ConclusionsCautious exploitation of findings on sex differences from preclinical research could improve the design and quality of clinical studies for disease biomarkers and novel antidepressants and facilitate the drug development in a gender aware manner.Disclosure of interestNK has received honoraria and travel support from Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Sanofi-Aventis, Medochemie Generics and Elpen S.A. CD has received honoraria from Janssen-Cilag and travel support from Boehringer Ingelheim. None of those is relevant to this study.
Affirmative competence and practices of mental health professionals with LGB clients: An Ibero-American study
Authors: Pereira H. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThere are not many studies about affirmative competence and practices among mental health professionals working with lesbian, gay, and/or bisexual (LGB) clients.ObjectivesThe objectives of this research are to assess the levels of affirmative competence and practices of professionals in Ibero-American countries.AimWe aim to compare differences regarding gender, country of origin, religious beliefs, political orientation, sexual orientation, age, education, marital status, and possessing specific training related to working with LGB clients, in order to determine the predictive association of the variables under study.MethodsThe sample consists of 630 therapists from various countries various Ibero-American countries: 23% from Portugal, 23.2% from Brazil, 19.1% from Spain, 6.7% from Mexico, 6.7% from Argentina and 18.6% from other countries. Ages ranged from 19 to 75 years old, with a mean age of 41.46 years. The socio-demographic questionnaire, the Sexual Orientation Counselor Competency Scale, and the Affirmative Practice Questionnaire were the measures used.ResultsThe results show statistically significant differences when comparing marital status, sexual orientation, political orientation, religious beliefs, level of education, and specific training concerning LGB issues. Age, gender, and country of residence show no statistically significant differences. The linear regression model demonstrates that there is a significant predictive value between affirmative competence and practices with LGB clients.ConclusionsThis study indicates that mental health professionals should undergo some type of academic or professional training and/or possess experience in regards to working with LGB clients, in order to enhance their approach when working with this population.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Symptom Validity Testing (SVT) and Social Security Disability Claims
Authors: De Jonghe J. , Schoemaker T. , Lam D. , la Porte P. Andre de 
Published: June 2017

Background and aimsOver 50% of adult disability claimants fail some form of SVT. While some over report psychological, affective symptoms, others may report incredible cognitive symptoms. We examined effects of different types of response bias on free recall and self-reported depression.Participants and methods This is a single site cross-sectional study using a convenience sample (n = 224) of disability claimants in the Netherlands. The Green Word Memory Test (GWMT) was administered to all subjects. The Amsterdam Short Term Memory Test (AKTG), the Structured Inventory of Malingered. Symptomatology (SIMS), and the beck depression inventory (BDI-II) were administered in subsamples. Participant classification according to GWMT and SIMS outcomes resulted in four groups, G+/S+, G+/S−, G−/S+ and G−/S−.ResultsAverage age of the participants was 46.3 years (SD 9.9), 41.5% were female, and 43% were higher educated. GWMT was positive in 48.2% of all subjects, and 27.6% scored positive on both GWMT and SIMS. Analysis of variance of GWMT Free recall and Beck depression scores showed significant group differences [F(3, 123) = 33.21, P = .000] and [F(3, 106) = 25.17, P = .000] respectively.ConclusionsNon credible test performance was prevalent in this Dutch study of disability claimants. Insufficient effort and over reporting of psychological symptoms are associated with different score profiles on regular tests and self-rating scales.Disclosure of interestThe author receives funding for his work as a neuropsychologist in an expertise setting.
Late Onset Bipolar Disorder: Clinical Characterization
Authors: Gomes J. , Sousa A. , Afonso H. , Lima G. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBipolar disease is a chronic mental illness with a deep personal and social impact. Alongside with the considerable progress in understanding and treating bipolar disorder, and despite the growing interest in geriatric psychiatry, late onset bipolar disorder has been relatively little studied so far.ObjectivesTo review the literature regarding the epidemiology, characteristics and clinical implications of late onset bipolar disorder.MethodologyA literature review was performed by searching articles in Pubmed, using the following search terms: “late onset bipolar disorder” and “elderly bipolar disorder”. All literature in English published in the last 15 years was examined and 11 articles were selected.ResultsAlthough the frequency of bipolar disorder type 1 or 2 decrease with age, approximately 6 to 8% of the new cases of bipolar disorder develop in people over 60 years of age. Clinically, late-onset bipolar disorder appears to be associated with a better level of pre-morbid functioning, a less severe psychopathology as well as a smaller family burden of psychiatric illness. The term “secondary mania” postulated by Krauthmamer Klerman has been used to describe a bipolar disease variant associated with a variety of organic factors that may be responsible for this late-onset disease.ConclusionsLate onset bipolar disorder is probably a different diagnostic than the entity that occurs in younger patients, since it presents with a different clinical presentation. It is a heterogeneous disease with a complex etiology that still needs more research.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Role of Micrornas in Regulating Redox Modulation in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Kim H. , Tyryshkin K. , Elmi N. , Oliviera V. , Andreazza A. , Feilotter H. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAlterations in redox modulation are consistently reported in bipolar disorder (BD). MicroRNAs are targeted regulators of gene expression.Objectives and aimsWe aimed to examine if microRNAs that target redox modulators can discriminate between BD and healthy controls.MethodsData from brains of individuals with and without BD were obtained from Array Collection datasets. MicroRNAs targeting redox modulators were assessed for their ability to discriminate BD from the control group using machine-learning algorithms. Methylation of microRNAs, expression of their transcription factors and redox targets were assessed with ANCOVA with FDR correction. For validation, we acquired plasma samples belonging to 2 families of individuals with and without BD (n = 9). Plasma microRNAs were sequenced using the Ion Total RNA Sequencing Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and microRNAs identified from the in silico analysis were examined in the validation dataset.ResultsWe identified 5 miRNAs (hsa-miR-299, hsa-miR-125a, hsa-miR-145, hsa-miR-30b, hsa-miR424) that were common in two of the four in silico datasets. Target genes glutathione peroxidase 4, ATP5A1, ATP5G1, NDUFS1, NDUFC2, and catalase were expressed at different levels between BD and the control group. Furthermore, our results showed that transcription factors CTCF and USF1 might control the expression of hsa-miR-145, while methylation differences were not found. Finally, hsa-miR-30b was significantly increased in the plasma of patients with BD compared to controls in the validation experiment.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that microRNAs may have an important role in the initiation of redox changes in BD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Are Deficits in Social Cognition Differentiating between Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders
Authors: Sachs G. , Maihofer E. , Erfurth A. 
Published: June 2017

Over the last decades, in matters of the assessment of psychopathology and its clinical consequences, there has been an increased interest in neurocognitive function including non-social and social cognition.Classic psychopathology -as represented e.g. by the standardized AMDP system- focuses on pathognomonic signs for the categorization of syndromes [1] and differentiates between disturbances of perception, concentration, memory retention and long-term memory. A recent short screen for cognitive impairment in psychiatry (SCIP) has addressed five domains of cognitive function: verbal learning–immediate, working memory, verbal fluency, verbal learning–delayed and processing speed [2].Using the SCIP in admissions from a defined catchment area in the southwest of Vienna we confirm the presence of cognitive deficits in schizophrenic patients and to a lesser degree in bipolar patients. The deficits were present in all five domains and no discriminatory pathognomonic signs could be found between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Recently, possibly selective deficits in social cognition have been described in schizophrenic patients [3]. We review the evidence on the specificity of social impairment to schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors declare that they have no competing interest.
The Association Between Autistic Traits and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Preliminary Findings Among Typically-developing Adults in Israel
Authors: Horesh D. , Haruvi-Lamdan N. , Lebendiger S. , Golan O. 
Published: June 2017

Background and aimsAlthough studies show that those suffering from autism spectrum disorders (ASD) face an increased risk of exposure to trauma (bullying, physical abuse), the co-morbidity between autistic symptoms/traits and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was almost entirely neglected by researchers. The aim of this preliminary study is to explore the possible associations between these two conditions among typically-developing college students.MethodsParticipants were 39 students, recruited from 2 Israeli universities. Twenty-four participants were psychology students, and 15 were business administration students. Participants completed self-report questionnaires tapping sociodemographic background, trauma exposure, PTSD (the PTSD Checklist-5, PCL-5), and autistic traits (the Autism Spectrum Quotient, AQ).ResultsOur preliminary findings revealed a positive association between symptoms of PTSD and autistic traits. More specifically, among those in the 3rd and 4th highest quartiles of AQ scores, 87.5% met the cut-off score for a probable PTSD diagnosis (χ2 (3) = 8.25, P < 0.05). In addition, t-tests comparing the PTSD and non-PTSD groups showed significant differences in 3 out of 5 AQ sub-scales: social skill (t(37) = –2.12; P < 0.05), attention switching (t(37) = −2.09; P < 0.05) and communication (t(37) = −2.80; P < 0.01). Thus, higher AQ scores were reported by those in the PTSD group.ConclusionsASD may serve as a significant risk factor for post-traumatic symptomatology. The associations between these two conditions may be mediated by a variety of potential shared vulnerabilities, including increased rumination, dysregulated emotion and impaired social cognition. Further research is needed in order to explore these mechanisms, as well as to assess co-morbidity in clinical samples of both ASD and PTSD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Diet and Physical aActivity Intervention Effectiveness in Acute Mental Patients, During Hospitalization: A Matched Case-control Study
Authors: Isaac J. , Guerreiro S. , Pinheiro C. , Pardal A. , Correia N. , Simões Dias S. , Santos C. , Matos Pires A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDiet and physical activity interventions are effective in psychiatric outpatients that suffer from obesity, namely those treated with antipsychotic drugs. However, there is less evidence related to these interventions in hospitalised acute patients.AimTo evaluate the effect of a diet and physical activity program on weight and BMI variation in acute psychiatric patients during hospitalisation.MethodsMatched case-control study from January to September 2016. Inclusion criteria: patients with at least 15 days of hospitalisation in an acute psychiatry ward, evaluated by a nutritionist in the admission and medical discharge. The intervention consisted in a diet and physical activity program, with total restriction to visitors to bring food to the patients. Statistical analysis was done with T-student and multiple linear regression taking into account the effect of age, sex, daily dose of antipsychotics, and days of hospitalisation.ResultsSixty-six patients were studied (34 cases and 32 controls). Groups were statistically similar concerning the average of age, daily dose of antipsychotics, days of hospitalisation and sex. The differences of weight gain during hospitalisation were 0.088 kg (cases) versus 1484 kg (controls), P < 0.05. And the differences of the increased BMI during the hospitalisation were 0.041 kg/m2 (cases) versus 0.509 kg/m2 (controls), P < 0.05.ConclusionsObesity presents challenging health problems for individuals with severe mental illness that require inpatient treatment. This study provides evidence that individuals with acute mental illness can benefit from weight control interventions during their hospitalisation, in special a total restriction to visitors to bring food to the patients.
Update and Revision of the RANZCP Clinical Practice Guidelines for Mood Disorders
Authors: Hopwood M. 
Published: June 2017

In 2015, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) published its new Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) for Mood Disorders. The Mood Disorder CPG focuses on ‘real world’ clinical management of depressive and bipolar disorders, addressing mood disorders as a whole to recognise the overlap between distinct diagnoses and changes in diagnoses along the mood disorder spectrum. This presentation will provide an overview of the process and methodology used in the development of the guidelines, as well as the key principles established in the new CPG for the assessment and management of depressive and bipolar disorders.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.