bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direito de propriedade intelectual – formas de proteção, seu impacto no desenvolvimento econômico e propostas para sua melhoria
Authors: Scalea José Augusto , Tabak Benjamin Miranda 
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho propõe fazer uma análise sobre os impactos causados pela proteção dos direitos de propriedade intelectual à vista da Análise Econômica Comportamental do Direito, as diferentes formas de proteção adotadas pela legislação tanto nacional quanto estrangeira e suas consequências, a ocorrência de vieses comportamentais, em especial da ocorrência do “efeito dotação”, bem como a adoção de modelos que proporcionem um maior desenvolvimento econômico e aumento do bem-estar social baseados em um melhor aproveitamento e incentivos ao potencial inovador dos detentores dos direitos de propriedade intelectual, por meio de uma nova abordagem da proteção dos mesmos.
Epidemiology And Risk Factor Of Stroke In Babol, Northern Iran (2014-2015)
Authors: Ahmadi Ahangar Alijan , Taheri Seyedeh Tahereh , Alijanpour Shayan 
Published: February 2017

Background: Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Data on the epidemiology of stroke, patterns and risk factors in recent years in our region are brief.Methods and Material: This retrospective study from 2014 to 2015 on stroke patients was conducted. The NIHSS, the MRS and the Barthel index were used at admission and discharge. Patient’s demographic data and checklist used to identify risk factorFindings: A total of 230 stroke patients, 122 (53%) was female. 194 patients (%84) was ischemic type vs 36(%16) hemorrhagic, P<0001). Difference in risk factors was statistically significant (168 patients (%73) had Hypertension, 121 (%52.6) Diabetes Mellitus, 118 (%51.3) Cardiac Disease, 108 (%46.9) Hyperlipidemia, 58 (%25.2) Smoking and 46 patients (%20) Opioid addiction, P<0001). Hypertension was statistically significant and increased in hemorrhagic subtype 25 patient (%70) Intracerebral vs11 patient (%30) Subarachnoid, P=0.01). Difference in Cardiac disease (p<0.0001), Diabetes Mellitus (p<0.001), Smoking (p<0.001), Opioid Addiction (p<0.04) was statistically significant and increased in Intracerebral patients.Conclusions: mortality rate in our study was low, stroke was more common in female, ischemic stroke was most common stroke type and hypertension especially in hemorrhagic was the most important risk factor for stroke.
Demographic And Technical Risk Factors Of 30-Day Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, And/Or Death In Standard And High Risk Patients Who Underwent Carotid Angioplasty And Stenting
Authors: Yousefi Samaneh , Bahramali Ehsan , Kokabi Safoora , Heydari Seyed Taghi , Shariat Abdolhamid , Nikseresht Alireza , Ashjazadeh Nahid , Izadi Sadegh , Petramfar Peyman , Poursadegh Maryam , Rahimi Jaberi Abbas , Emami Sajjad , Agheli Hamid , Nemati Reza , Yaghoubi Ehsan , Abdi Mohammad Hosein , Panahandeh Majid , Cruz-Flores Salvador , Edgell Randal , Safari Anahid 
Published: February 2017

Background: Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is an accepted treatment to prevent stroke in patients with carotid artery stenosis. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for major complications after carotid angioplasty and stenting.Methods and Material: This is a prospective study conducted at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in southern Iran from March 2011 to June 2014. Consecutive patients undergoing carotid angioplasty and stenting were enrolled. Both standard risk and high risk patients for endarterectomy were enrolled. Demographic data, atherosclerotic risk factors, site of stenosis, degree of stenosis, and data regarding technical factors were recorded. 30-day stroke, myocardial infarction, and/or death were considered as the composite primary outcome of the study.Results: two hundred and fifty one patients were recruited (mean age: 71.1+ 9.6 years, male: 65.3%). One hundred and seventy eight (70.9%) patients were symptomatic; 73 (29.1%), 129 (51.4%), 165 (65.7%) and 62 (24.7%) patients were diabetic, hyperlipidemic, hypertensive and smoker respectively. CAS performed for left ICA in 113 (45.4%) patients. 14 (5.6%) patients had Sequential bilateral stenting. Mean stenosis of operated ICA was 80.2 +13.8 %. Embolic protection device was used in 203 (96.2%) patients. Predilation and post-dilation were performed in 39 (18.5%) and 182 (86.3%) patients respectively. Composite outcome was observed in 3.6% (3.2% stroke, 0% myocardial infarction and 1.2% death). Left sided lesions and presence of DM was significantly associated with poor short term outcome. (P value: 0.025 and 0.020, respectively)Conclusion: There was a higher risk of short term major complications in diabetic patients and left carotid artery intervention.
Spontaneous Arterial Dissection—Risk Factors And Clinical Features: Study Of 70 Cases And Review Of Literature
Authors: Javanmardi Haniyeh , Nouri kouchi Saba , Goodarzi Kimia , Nobakht Mohammad Javad , Edraki Fatemeh , Hosseini Reza , Jazayeri Amin , Borhani Haghighi Afshin 
Published: February 2017

Dissection refers to a serious condition that begin as a tear or rupture in the inner layers of large vessel wall. Tear allows the blood to surges through the layers, leads to intramural hematoma or an aneurysmal dilatation, either of which can be a source of thromboembolism. Ischemic symptoms in surrounding structures are more often secondary to embolism. Dissections are labeled spontaneous in the absence of major blunt or penetrating trauma. The incidence rates for spontaneous carotid artery dissection have been reported to be 2.5 to 3 per 100,000 population. The average annual incidence for vertebral artery dissection were calculated to be 1 to 1.5 per 100,000. Typical clinical features seen with dissection include unilateral headache, ipsilateral Homer's syndrome, oculosympathetic palsy, prominent neck and facial pain, retinal ischemia, and symptoms of focal brain ischemia due to the site of dissection. The reason of dissection occurrence is still unknown but numerous factors e.g. connective tissue disorders, hyperhomocystinemia, ﬁbromuscular dysplasia, recent infection, etc. may underlie spontaneous or minor trauma dissections. Patients with Spontaneous dissection are more susceptible to developing to stroke and its morbidity and mortality. In this retrospective study, we evaluate the clinical features, risk factors, treatment and outcome of spontaneous dissection in 70 patients (31 female and 39 male), referred to Namazi hospital between September 2012 and September 2016. The diagnosis of arterial dissection was established by qualified physicians according to radiological and clinical features. Patients with traumatic dissection and a history of major or minor head and neck injury were excluded. Subjects were observed for multiple risk factors such as age dependent risk factors, family history of venous thrombosis, history of trauma, coagulopathies, infectious diseases, systemic disorders, arterio-venous malformations and autoimmune diseases. We also investigated for any history of OCP administration in female patients. The collected data was evaluated using SPSS 16. Chi-square test were performed for the comparison of qualitative variables. And p<0.05 was considered as the level of significance in two-tailed tests. Statistical analysis of our data found a significant correlation between hypertension and occurrence of spontaneous arterial dissection. The findings confirm that hypertension, OCP administration and smoking can increase the risk of CVST significantly.
Combined Effect Of Botulinum Toxin And Splinting On Motor Components And Function Of People With Stroke
Authors: Shamili Aryan , Forogh Bijan , Pashmdarfard Marzieh 
Published: February 2017

Background and objective: Spasticity is one of the problems following stroke. Due to this increase in muscle tone, patients are confronted to problems in motor control and difficulties in activities of daily living and complications such as shortness and contracture. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Simultaneous use of both splint and botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injection on spasticity, range of motion and upper extremity function in a 3-month period.Methods: The design of this study was a comparison between 3 groups of interventions, conducted in rehabilitation clinics in Tehran. Sixty people with chronic stroke were recruited. Based on the inclusion criteria, a total of 39 stroke patients after completing the consent forms were entered to intervention groups; splint or botulinum toxin injection or combined splint/botulinum toxin injection. They were followed up about 3 months and the evaluations were done monthly. Goniometry was the method to measure range of motion, and Modified Ashworth scale was used to examine the spasticity and the upper extremity function was scored based on Fugl-Meyer assessment. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 17. And ANOVAs was used for comparison between groups and times. Significance was set at 0.05.Results: All outcome measures improved within each group but the differences between splint group and BTX-A group and the BTX-A-splint group was not significant in most outcomes during 3 periods (first evaluation until end of the first month, the end of first month until the end of second month, the end of second month until the end of the third month) (p> 0 / 05). The results also showed that the changes in elbow`s spasticity {p= 0.05} and wrist`s spasticity {p= 0.007} and upper extremity function { p = 0.04} were obvious between the three groups over the 3-months and the difference in the group of combined use of botulinum toxin and splint was more than other groups.Conclusion: In this study, the effects of botulinum toxin injection and Volar-Dorsal Wrist/Hand Immobilization splint and the combined use of botulinum injection and splint were obvious in all groups but was not significantly different between the interventions in a 3-month follow-up.
Cervicocephalic Arterial Dissection
Authors: Abotorabi Marzie 
Published: February 2017

Cervicocephalic arterial dissection is not a common disease (2.5 % of total brain infarction) and its pathogenesis is still not fully understood. However, it seems that it is multifactorial And rarely seen in the postpartum priod.A 40-year-old female patient who referred to emergency department because she experienced right lower limb Paresis 10 days following the delivery and her Paresis was progressed within 72 hours. She has no history of DM ,HTN, preeclampsia and underlying cerebrovascular diseaseOn evaluations, Brain MRI revealed multiple infarction in the left MCA territory . ECG, TTE ,coagulation and rheumatologic tests were normal. leftextracranial carotid artery dissection was found in the cervical MRA.The likelihood of postpartum dissection is rare , But it could be due to vasculardamage associated with the Valsalva maneuver during labor ; hemodynamic and hormonal changes due to pregnancyare also involved.
Association Of Mir-196a (Rs11614913) And Mir-499 (Rs3746444) With Ischemic Stroke An Iranian Study
Authors: Pourjafar Mehrzad , Zare Halimeh , Kohan Maryam , Azarpira Negar 
Published: February 2017

Objective: MicroRNAs are involved in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes, such as atherosclerosis. Genetic polymorphisms in microRNA may affect its biogenesis and function. The aim of this study was to examine whether microRNA polymorphisms (mir-196a rs11614913 and mir-499 rs3746444) contribute to the risk of ischemic stroke. Methods: Genotyping was performed in 85 patients and 105 normal control, using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.Results: In respect of rs11614913, significant association was observed between CC (P=0.003; OR= 0.41; CI=0.21 – 0.79), and TT (P=0.025; OR=2.22; CI=1.04 –4.8) genotypes. The inheritance of T allele increased the risk of ischemic stroke. There was a significant association between the GA genotype frequency of rs3746444 (P=0.01; OR= 0.41; CI=0.23– 0.87). TDiscussion: The present study provided evidence that the mir-196a and mir-499 polymorphisms are associated with a significantly increased risk of ischemic stroke in Iranian population. The common genetic polymorphism in pre-microRNAs may be contributed to the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and represented as novel markers for stroke susceptibility.
Enhancement Of Motor Recovery Through Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Stimulation After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Oveisgharan Shahram , Organji Hosein , Ghorbani Asgar , Hachinski Vladimir 
Published: February 2017

Background: Two previous studies, which investigated transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) use in motor recovery after acute ischemic stroke, did not show tDCS to be effective in this regard. We speculated that additional left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ‎(DLPFC) ‎stimulation may enhance post stroke motor recovery. ‎Methods: In the present randomized clinical trial, 20 acute ischemic stroke patients were recruited. Patients received real motor cortex (M1) stimulation in both arms of the trial. The two arms differed in terms of real vs. sham stimulation over the left DLPFC‎. Motor component of the Fugl-Meyer upper extremity assessment (FM) and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scores were used to assess primary outcomes, and non-linear mixed effects models were used for data analyses.Results: Primary outcome measures improved more and faster among the real stimulation group. During the first days of stimulations, sham group’s FM scores increased 1.2 scores per day, while real group’s scores increased 1.7 scores per day (P = 0.003). In the following days, FM improvement decelerated in both groups. Based on the derived models, a hypothetical stroke patient with baseline FM score of 15 improves to 32 in the sham stimulation group and to 41 in the real stimulation group within the first month after stroke. Models with ARAT scores yielded nearly similar results.Conclusion: The current study results showed that left DLPFC‎ stimulation in conjunction with M1 stimulation resulted in better motor recovery than M1 stimulation alone.
Rehabilitation Treatment In Dysarthria Caused By Stroke (Review)
Authors: Rahimifar Parvane , Soltani Majid , Moradi Negin 
Published: February 2017

Speech is a unique, complex, dynamic motor activity through which we express thoughts and emotions and respond to and control our environment. Speech damaged due to neurological damage such as stroke. As a consequence of the associated neurological damage, stroke, approximately 20–30% of this population experience weakness, in-coordination or paralysis of the muscles required to produce speech, known as dysarthria. unfortunately dysarthria in stroke tends not to receive specific attention in published texts and reports, despite its frequency. while the speech is among the most powerful tools in communication and speech problems lead to defects in quality of life, So We investigated Dysarthria rehabilitation in stroke patients.The Results showed that, the speech-language Pathologists (SLPs) are the professionals normally responsible for dysarthria intervention. Their interventions for individuals with dysarthria depend on the type and nature of the dysarthria, the underlying neuropathology, and the specific communication needs of the individual. SLPs interventions include behavioral or traditional therapy techniques and instrumental techniques, that can be improve speech, communication and quality of lifes.
The Comparison Of Relationship Of Depression,Cognitive,Motor And Functional Deficities In Chronic Stroke Patients (A Pilot Study)
Authors: Ghaffari Amin , Akbarfahimi Malahat , Forough Bijan 
Published: February 2017

Aim and background: One of the most important psychological disorders that arise after a stroke for people with subsequent depression, which leads to reduced quality of life, optimal rehabilitation failure, loss of cognitive tasks and decrease the recovery process.In this study communication patterns of depression with cognitive, motor and function deficites in people with chronic stroke has been studied.Methods and materials: it is a pilot study of cross-sectional study, 40 patients with chronic stroke (more than 6 months) selected sampling method. depression (Beck Depression Inventory), cognition (attention test TMT-A & B and Wechsler memory), motor (Motorcity index), basic activities of daily living (Barthel scale) and instrumental activities of daily living (Lawton scale) were evaluated.Results: The results of the study revealed a significant positive correlation between post stroke depression with verbal memory(r=./386 ،P<./05), attention(r=./549 ،P<./05), motor status(r=./550 ،P<./05) and independence in activities of daily living(r=./653 ،P<./05)Conclusion: According to the findings, the study of factors affecting post stroke depression(PSD) clinical and practical aspects are necessary. Cognitive rehabilitation programs with motor rehabilitation can reduce depression in patients with stroke in the direction of independence in activities of daily living and greater participation in society .
Lifestyle And Effective Factors On It Among Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Sarboozi Hosein Tahere , Ghiyasvandian Shahrzad , Zakeri Moghadam Masoome , Kazemnejad Anooshiravan 
Published: February 2017

Background Choosing wrong type of lifestyle by a person can predispose him/her to cardiovascular disease such as strokes, which can be a serious hazard for his/her health. Transient ischemic attack is a transient attack of impaired brain function disorder that can predict further strokes. Therefore, this study has done by the purpose of defining lifestyle condition about the patients with transient ischemic attack.Material and methodsThis study is the analytic-descriptive type and has been conducted on 60 patients with transient ischemic attack that admitted to the chosen hospital of Tehran, by random sampling method in 1394. The research tools were patient condition demographic questionnaire and health promotion lifestyle profile (HPLP ll). The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS 16 software and statistical tests.Findings and resultsLifestyle of 63.25% of patients estimated at medium level. Physical activity, stress management and health responsibility dimensions also had lower score in comparison with other dimensions. Interpersonal relationships dimension had the highest score. Statistically significant relation has seen among the lifestyle and education level and economic situation (P<0.05)ConclusionImprovement and promotion of patient’s lifestyle, especially from the point of physical activity and stress management, requires more attention and by considering the fact that the main cause of stroke is related to person’s lifestyle, the necessity of training programs implementation, in order to change or preserve these patients’ lifestyle, is recommended.
A Clinical Survey Efficacy Of Frankincense In Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Jivad Nahid , Rezaei kheirabadi Fakhri , Rafeian Mahmoud , Yarmohammadi Parisa 
Published: February 2017

Background &Aims: Ischemic stroke is the most common cause of stroke ,and paralysis and movement disorders are the most symptoms of stroke. Therefore, it is important to find a method for improving the disorders. This study aimed to examine the clinical efficacy of frankincense in patients with the acute ischemic stroke.Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 patients with ischemic stroke were randomly allocated into the treatment and control groups (n=30). In the treatment group, in addition to routine treatment of stroke, four capsules containing 500 mg powdered frankincense was given daily , but in the control group, was performed only the treatment of stroke (no frankincense). The treatment lasted for 1 month. The NIHSS scale (for assessment of speech and muscle strength) at the beginning, the seventh day and end of the study for each patient was completed. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test, chi-square, mann withney in SPSS software.Results: Results showed that only improvement of muscle strength in patients left limb increased significantly in stage II in the treatment group than the control group.Conclusion: Adding frankincense to treatment of patients with stroke can be effective on improvement muscle strength in patients with muscle weakness and non-dominant side in acute neurological disorders. While that is not effective on improving muscle strength of the right limb or speech.
Movement Disorders Syndromes Associated With Lacunar Infarcts, Clinical Case Series
Authors: Chitsaz A 
Published: February 2017

Lacunar infarcts are small (<15 mm diameter) subcortical infarcts that results from occlusion of a single penetrating artery. Lacunar infarcts are associated with clinical lacunar syndromes, one of lacunar syndromes is movement disorders syndrome such as chore, dystonia, hemibolismus and asterixis. Several types of movement disorders have been described with small, deep infarct, majority of these syndrome is caused by penetrating small- artery disease. The movement disorder may appear as the only sign of the infarct or may develop later, after an initial syndrome, different in character, has resolved.Hemichorea – hemiballismus is the most common of movement disorder due to lacunar infarcts.The lacunar size infarcts found in different parts of the striatum including in head of the caudate nucleus and adjacent corona radiate, the subthalamic and the thalamus. The onset is typically abrupt and is usually- unaccompanied by other complaints. The chorea usually involves the forearm, hand, and fingers. In some cases, chorea has been delayed by some weeks or months after the initial occurrence of hemiparesis. Dystonia: Two types of dystonia have been described in cases of lacunes, action- induced and focal dystonia.Case I- in a 63 year old woman with lacunar stroke, with abrupt onset of chorea, chorea involves the foream, hand, and fingers, it was accompanied by hemiparesis that faded within 3 months even though the chorea persisted unchanged.Case II- In a 75 years old man chorea was delayed by some weeks after initial occurrence of hemiparesis due to lacunar infarct.Case III- in a 81 years old woman lacunar infarct, whose putaminal lesions was documented by CT scan, suffer choreic movements of the distal parts of the arm and leg that interfered with normal activity and prevented easy walking for more than a weeks, the examination revealed normal strength, sensation and reflexes.Case IV- A 69 years old man , with lacunar infarct in adjacent corona radiate with action – induced dystonia in the left hand. The finger of the affected hand become flexed in to the palm, leaving only the Thumb free, strength of hand was normal . Activity exacerbated the movements. The left hand and forearm showed involuntary movements that produced an unusual posture.