bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is There Anybody Up There? The Human Presence on the Madonie Mountain Range (Sicily, Italy): From the Last Hunter-Gatherers to the Early Pastoralists
Authors: Forgia Vincenza 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Madonie Mountains, located in the northwestern part of Sicily, a central mountainous chain in the Mediterranean basin, offer an excellent case study to the investigation of the relationship among human peopling, environment, and consequent transformation of landscape over the millennia. The earliest direct evidence for the exploitation of the mountainous territories of Sicily is dated to 9450±50 BP (9120–8565 cal BCE). After a gap, the Neolithic communities that were the first to push inland and into mountainous territories were involved in economic practices that mainly included the breeding of sheep and goats. At the Vallone Inferno rock-shelter a long and complete sequence of more than 1,000 years, beginning at the end of the third millennium BCE, shows the development of pastoral activities carried out on the mountain territories by human communities coming from the central and southern part of the island. The historical occupation of the Madonie was largely influenced by the Greek colony of Himera and the subsequent Roman settlement. The exploitation of medium- and high-altitude areas (above 700 m asl) is linked to activities related to pastoralism, in connection/combination with rural settlements in the plains. Specialized activities carried out on the mountains, such as breeding of pigs, have been recognized during the seventh and ninth centuries CE.
Petrarchan Metamorphoses
Authors: Gragnolati Manuele , Southerden Francesca 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the metamorphosis of a crucial Petrarchan motif, developing Teodolinda Barolini’s idea that even more than a poet of desire, Petrarch is fundamentally a poet of time. It explores how a range of texts, specifically sonnets, written by Torquato Tasso, William Shakespeare, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, and Mimi Khalvati, have appropriated and reimagined that motif centered on the beauty and mortality of the human body, declining it in original ways. The lyric sequence that the chapter creates through this comparative analysis demonstrates not only how the Petrarchan model travels across time and space but also how the texts resonate across the sequence and what they reveal about the lyric mode and the possibilities it opens to desire differently.
Multimodal Imaging of Brain Plasticity
Authors: Peters Judith , Vansina Eline , de Weerd Peter , Maas Dorien 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Brain plasticity operates across various spatial and temporal scales, necessitating integrative multiscale approaches to fully capture its intricate underlying mechanisms. By combining methods with complementary strengths, multimodal imaging can help to bridge findings across multiple scales. This chapter discusses the potentials and challenges of multimodal imaging while proposing strategies to overcome the latter. The text focuses on recent advancements in three key types of multimodal applications, each serving distinct objectives: bridging spatial scale disparities, enhancing spatiotemporal resolution, and elucidating causal relations within functional brain networks. Finally, the chapter explores recent technological advances and novel combinations of neuromodulation and imaging techniques that may open new avenues for multimodal imaging of neuroplasticity with potential for clinical translations. By synergizing methodological strengths from various techniques, multimodal neuroimaging studies hold immense value for brain plasticity research, provided that accompanying challenges are effectively addressed.
Emotional Energy in Conflict, Repression, and Violence
Authors: Bramsen Isabel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Emotions play a significant role in shaping human interaction, not least in the context of conflict and violence. This chapter delves into the intricate interplay between emotional energy, protest, repression, and violence. First, the chapter gives the state of the art of how emotions have been dealt with in peace and conflict research, reviewing five academic traditions: psychological approaches, human needs approaches, biological approaches, rational choice approaches, and post-structuralist approaches. While each of these traditions provides valuable insights into understanding the role of emotions in conflict, they often overlook the mechanisms by which emotions emerge in concrete interactions. The chapter subsequently introduces the concept of emotional energy as a force of agency generated in social interaction. It shows how a greater understanding of emotional energy can inform micro-sociological studies of violence, protests, and repression in terms of how individuals are energized or de-energized for action.
Emotions, Colonial Trauma, and Brazil’s Desire for International Validation
Authors: Resende Erica , Sandrin Paula 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Departing from Euro- and Western-centric approaches, a more recent scholarship has explored the role of memory and trauma in the Global South in an effort to explore traumatic experiences and memory politics beyond the Holocaust. Looking into the case of Brazil, this chapter shows how colonial trauma has an impact on foreign policy. The chapter contends that Brazil suffers from a broad psychosocial condition that has come to be known as a “mongrel complex” that generates the desire for international validation of the country’s potential. As a result, Brazil’s long-held national aspirations to become a member of the United Nations Security Council, to lead peace operations, and to appoint the heads of key international organizations should be understood as a coping mechanism to transcend its mongrel complex. This is fueled by resentment and anxiety originating from Brazil’s socialization in a hierarchical international system that stigmatizes inferior, subaltern nations.
Latine Media Studies
Authors: Valdivia Angharad N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Latine media studies is a growing field with maturing scholarship that represents the fruit borne by the promise of cumulative knowledge from at least four stages of scholarship and enriches communication and media studies, both historically and contemporarily. As with any recent field of study, scholarship arises from previously existing cognate disciplines and interdisciplines, following paradigm shifts and questions that cannot be answered by previous theories. This chapter provides a brief review of the stages of inclusion of Latine in mainstream media and then presents a historical overview of the field of Latine media studies via a four-stage assessment, exploring both the institutionalization of the field and the stages of scholarship. The stages are not mutually exclusive. Whereas in the first two stages of research, much of the scholarship drew on cognate fields, by the third and fourth stages the field had a robust quantity and quality of scholarship and scholars who work within communication and media studies. The four stages follow a familiar path of near omission; peripheral inclusion; steps toward institutionalization and maturation of scholars; and a present that is rich in hybrid, intersectional, and transnational scholarship. Latine media studies is no longer a promise but, rather, a full-blown reality. Thus, as a growing area of study, it contributes to social justice via diversified production, increased and progressive representations, and creating spaces for audience identification and sometimes activism.
The Foreign Policy of Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Tansey Oisín 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Do authoritarian regimes have distinctive foreign policies compared to democracies? This chapter examines the range of approaches that find that domestic institutions matter for foreign policy, with a particular emphasis on the ways in which authoritarian forms of rule shape a country’s foreign policy choices and outcomes. The chapter identifies the range of foreign policy issues that regime type influences, and it reviews the findings on the distinctive nature of authoritarian foreign policy. It explores whether varieties of authoritarianism matter more for foreign policy than a binary distinction between democratic and nondemocratic regimes, and it examines the causal mechanisms that link regime type to foreign policy outcomes. The chapter compares the foreign policies of democratic and authoritarian regimes and concludes by arguing that transnational repression should be viewed as a distinctively authoritarian foreign policy that has no direct parallel in democratic countries.
Complexity and entropy of natural patterns
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Song Changqing , Gao Peichao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Complexity and entropy play crucial roles in understanding dynamic systems across various disciplines. Many intuitively perceive them as distinct measures and assume that they have a concave-down relationship. In everyday life, there is a common consensus that while entropy never decreases, complexity does decrease after an initial increase during the process of blending coffee and milk. However, this consensus is primarily conceptual and lacks empirical evidence. Here, we provide comprehensive evidence that challenges this prevailing consensus. We demonstrate that this consensus is, in fact, an illusion resulting from the choice of system characterization (dimension) and the unit of observation (resolution). By employing a complexity measure designed for natural patterns, we find that the complexity of a coffee-milk system never decreases if the system is appropriately characterized in terms of dimension and resolution. Also, this complexity aligns experimentally and theoretically with entropy, suggesting that it does not represent a measure of so-called effective complexity. These findings rectify the prevailing conceptual consensus and reshape our understanding of the relationship between complexity and entropy. It is therefore crucial to exercise caution and pay close attention to accurately and precisely characterize dynamic systems before delving into their underlying mechanisms, despite the maturity of characterization research in various fields dealing with natural patterns such as geography and ecology. The characterization/observation (dimension and resolution) of a system fundamentally determines the assessment of complexity and entropy using existing measures and our understanding.
Opposing Friendship: Saul Bellow’s Humboldt’s Gift
Authors: Clayton Joshua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article reads Saul Bellow’s Humboldt’s Gift (1975)—a novel best known for its fictionalized portrait of the writer Delmore Schwartz—according to a conceptual sympathy between friendship and the novel. Though such a twinning can illuminate Bellow’s career as a whole, I argue here that Humboldt’s Gift represented his most compelling and complex attempt to reckon with opposition as an artistic problem (and opportunity). In 1962, Bellow published an essay talking up the importance of managing ‘opposites’ within a novel and, in his novels of this period, he alludes to an aphorism of William Blake’s: ‘Opposition is true friendship’. This statement, to begin with, fairly encapsulates the volatile relationship between the central characters of Charles Citrine and Von Humboldt Fleischer, but in this article I also interrogate the manifold ways in which an understanding of friendship as oppositional can illuminate mid-century theorizing about the novel as being fundamentally structured by oppositions. More idiosyncratically, Bellow recruits these sympathetic conceptions of friendship and the novel in pursuit of a quasi-gnostical synthesis whereby two exceptional friends might escape the indignities and mysteries of material existence. Elements such as the compositional record of Humboldt’s Gift, the influence of Blake’s Romantic ‘Contraries’, and Charles Citrine’s embarrassed enthusiasm for the ‘anthroposophy’ of Rudolf Steiner demonstrate a mutualistic intimacy between friendship and the novel. Friendship, that is, enlivens the novel with its varieties, flexibilities, and bantering confrontations; the novel, in turn, offers an indispensable forum for scrutinizing the duties and demands of friendship.
Intestinal epithelial expression of human TNF is sufficient to induce small bowel inflammation and sacroiliitis, mimicking human spondyloarthritis
Authors: Debusschere Karlijn , Souza Donald , Nabozny Gerald H , Dumas Emilie , Verheugen Eveline , Coudenys Julie , Manuello Teddy , Stappers Flore , Decruy Tine , Maelegheer Margaux , Schryvers Nadia , Gilis Elisabeth , Elewaut Dirk 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Gut and joint disease commonly co-occur in SpA. Up to 50% of patients with SpA show signs of subclinical gut inflammation, of which 10% develops IBD. However, the mechanisms underlying this gut–joint axis are still unclear. Here we investigated the hypothesis that restricted expression of a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the intestine may trigger the onset of combined gut and joint inflammation.

Methods
Intestinal expression of human TNF (hTNF) was achieved by driving hTNF gene expression using the rat FAPB2 promoter, creating a new animal model, TNFgut mice, that expresses hTNF in the proximal intestinal tract. Intestinal-specific TNFgut mice were examined for pathological changes in the intestine and extra-intestinal tissues by means of histology, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry, along with 16S sequencing on stools.

Results
Local expression of hTNF in the epithelium of the small intestine induces a pro-inflammatory state of the proximal intestinal tract, with epithelial alterations and induction of members of the S100 family, as well as local upregulation of Th17 and Treg, but no obvious signs of dysbiosis. Curiously, TNFgut mice develop sacroiliitis (P &lt;0.05) in addition to small bowel inflammation (P &lt;0.05). However, no signs of peripheral arthritis or enthesitis could be documented.

Conclusion
Intestinal expression of hTNF is sufficient to initiate a pro-inflammatory cascade culminating in small bowel inflammation and sacroiliitis. Thus, gut-derived cytokines are sufficient to induce SpA.
Beyond ‘ever closer union’: retrospective on 30 years of union citizenship and what they tell us about the future
Authors: Thym Daniel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Binary descriptions have traditionally taken centre stage in many analyses of Union citizenship, signalling the assumption of an inbuilt dynamism towards a pre-determined objective. This contribution moves beyond the vision of constant betterment for Union citizenship and the European Union at large. For that purpose, it reconstructs the institutional practice, with its seemingly erratic combination of ‘progress’ and ‘standstill’, as normative fault lines. In geology, a fault line is a section of the earth’s surface where rock has been visibly displaced as a result of plate tectonic forces, which, in the domain of Union citizenship, correspond to several constitutional tensions pushing and pulling the case law in diverse directions. For many years, these tensions did not exercise a decisive influence; anyone could project their understanding onto the skeleton of abstract Treaty articles. This is no longer possible at a time when Union citizenship touches upon salient topics which define the democratic context. It is these constitutional tensions, such as disagreement over the degree of centralization, the value of (im)mobility, or the reconfiguration of membership, which sustain our hypothesis that Union citizenship is defined by postmodern ambiguity rather than the modernist ideal of irrefutable progress. An awareness of this change allows readers to chart their way through the institutional practice by defining the legal and normative parameters for future developments.
Contribution of the Sensor Histidine Kinases PhcS and VsrA to the Quorum Sensing of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum Strain OE1-1
Authors: Senuma Wakana , Hayashi Kazusa , Tsuzuki Masayuki , Takemura Chika , Terazawa Yuki , Kiba Akinori , Ohnishi Kouhei , Kai Kenji , Hikichi Yasufumi 
Published: September 2024

The soilborne Gram-negative phytopathogenic beta-proteobacterium Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum strain OE1-1 produces methyl 3-hydroxymyristate (3-OH MAME) as the quorum sensing (QS) signal by the methyltransferase PhcB and senses the chemical, activating the LysR family transcriptional regulator PhcA, which regulates the QS-dependent genes responsible for QS-dependent phenotypes including virulence. The sensor histidine kinases PhcS and VsrA are reportedly involved in the regulation of QS-dependent genes. To elucidate the function of PhcS and VsrA in the active QS, we generated the phcS-deletion and vsrA-deletion mutants, which exhibited weak changes to their QS-dependent phenotypes including virulence. The phcS and vsrA-deletion mutant (Δ phcS/ vsrA) had significant changes in its QS-dependent phenotypes and was nonvirulent, similar to the phcA-deletion mutant. The mutant (PhcS-H230Q) with a substitution of histidine to glutamine at amino acid position 230 in PhcS but not the mutant (VsrA-H256Q) with a substitution of histidine to glutamine at amino acid position 256 in VsrA exhibited significant changes in QS-dependent phenotypes and lost virulence. The transcriptome analysis with RNA-sequencing revealed significant alterations to the expression of QS-dependent genes in the Δ phcS/ vsrA and PhcS-H230Q but not VsrA-H256Q, similar to the phcA-deletion mutant. The exogenous 3-OH MAME application led to a significantly enhanced QS-inducible major exopolysaccharide EPS I production of the strain OE1-1 and phcB-deletion mutant but not Δ phcS/ vsrA and PhcS-H230Q. Collectively, results of the present genetic study suggested that PhcS contributes to QS along with VsrA and that histidine at amino acid position 230 of PhcS is required for 3-OH MAME sensing, thereby influencing QS-dependent phenotypes including virulence of the strain OE1-1. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2024.
Duplex Ultrasound Screening for Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy for Intracranial Tumors: A Single Institutional Series
Authors: Avitsian Rafi , Mohammadi Alireza M. , Beresian Jean , Nuti Anna Maria , Jolly Sagar , Volovetz Josephine , Avitsian Taleen , Budiansky Adele S. , Mi Junhui , Liu Xiaodan 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
The frequency of duplex ultrasound screening (DUS) for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with brain tumors undergoing craniotomy is center-specific. We evaluated clinical conditions that increase the tendency to perform DUS, focusing on tumor type.

Methods:
This is a single-center retrospective analysis to assess the association of intracranial tumor type with DVT as a major decision-making indicator for DUS. A primary analysis investigated the association between tumor pathology and preoperative DVT, and a secondary analysis investigated the development of DVT postoperatively. Confounding factors were defined and included in both analyses.

Results:
Among 1478 patients, 751 had preoperative DUS and 35 (5%) had DVT. No significant difference in the odds of preoperative DVT was observed between patients having malignant glioma versus benign tumors (odds ratio [OR; 95% CI]: 1.68 [0.65, 4.35], P = 0.29), or metastatic tumors versus benign tumors (OR: 2.10; 95% CI: 0.75-5.89; P = 0.16). Among patients with negative preoperative DUS, 93 underwent postoperative evaluation and 20 (22%) were diagnosed with postoperative DVT. Malignant glioma or (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 0.36-7.84; P = 0.50) metastatic tumors (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 0.29-11.5; P = 0.52) were not associated with postoperative DVT versus benign tumors.

Conclusion:
Brain tumor pathology may not increase the risk for DVT and may not be a good indicator for the selection of patients for DVT screening with DUS. The incidence of DVT in selective preoperative DUS was similar to studies that performed DUS on all patients. Further studies across multiple institutions are needed to develop criteria for DUS in brain tumor surgery.
The Impact of Point-of-Care Ultrasound-Guided Resuscitation on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis*
Authors: Basmaji John , Arntfield Robert , Desai Karishma , Lau Vincent I. , Lewis Kim , Rochwerg Bram , Fiorini Kyle , Honarmand Kimia , Slessarev Marat , Leligdowicz Aleks , Park Brian , Prager Ross , Wong Michelle Y.S. , Jones Philip M. , Ball Ian M. , Orozco Nicolas , Meade Maureen , Thabane Lehana , Guyatt Gordon 
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the impact of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS)-guided resuscitation on clinical outcomes in adult patients with shock.

DATA SOURCE:
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and unpublished sources from inception to December 2023.

STUDY SELECTION:
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the use of POCUS to guide resuscitation in patients with shock.

DATA EXTRACTION:
We collected data regarding study and patient characteristics, POCUS protocol, control group interventions, and outcomes.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
We identified 18 eligible RCTs. POCUS slightly influences physicians’ plans for IV fluid (IVF) and vasoactive medication prescription (moderate certainty), but results in little to no changes in the administration of IVF (low to high certainty) or inotropes (high certainty). POCUS may result in no change in the number of CT scans performed (low certainty) but probably reduces the number of diagnostic echocardiograms performed (moderate certainty). POCUS-guided resuscitation probably reduces 28-day mortality (relative risk [RR] 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78–0.99), the duration of vasoactive medication (mean difference –0.73 d; 95% CI, –1.16 to –0.30), and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) (RR 0.80; 95% CI, 0.63–1.02) (low to moderate certainty evidence), and lactate clearance (high certainty evidence). POCUS-guided resuscitation may results in little to no difference in ICU or hospital admissions, ICU and hospital length of stay, and the need for mechanical ventilation (MV) (low to moderate certainty evidence). There is an uncertain effect on the risk of acute kidney injury and the duration of MV or RRT (very low certainty evidence).

CONCLUSIONS:
POCUS-guided resuscitation in shock may yield important patient and health system benefits. Due to lack of sufficient evidence, we were unable to explore how the thresholds of operator competency, frequency, and timing of POCUS scans impact patient outcomes.