bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reframing Internalized Racial Oppression and Charting a way Forward
Authors: Banks Kira Hudson , Stephens Jadah 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExperiences of racism, a form of oppression, have lasting negative psychological and physical effects on Black Americans. Identifying underlying mechanisms is necessary to minimize these deleterious outcomes and potentially mitigate health disparities. Internalized racial oppression, the ways in which a member of a target group is in relationship with the dominant group's ideology and the extent to which they accept their subordinate status as deserved, natural, and inevitable, has in particular been understudied and inconsistently defined. We argue that shifting language from internalized racial oppression to appropriated racial oppression more fully centers our understanding of the negative impact systemic oppression can have on individuals. This shift counters psychology's tendency to over‐focus on individuals and or their internal processes without taking the broader context into consideration. While racial identity development models conceptualize appropriated racial oppression as a potential aspect of identity development, the field has yet to offer models of how to extract appropriated racial oppression from the development of identity. We put forth a framework for psychological liberation from the negative content related to racial oppression, in addition to offering implications for training programs, leaders in key positions in society, and researchers.
The Influence of Affirming Kindness and Community on Broadening Participation in STEM Career Pathways
Authors: Estrada Mica , Eroy‐Reveles Alegra , Matsui John 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe United States’ inability to achieve equitable workforce development in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) career pathways is well‐recognized and has been attributed to the poor retention of a diverse stream of students in academia. Social science theory and research provide evidence that social contextual variables—specifically kindness cues affirming social inclusion—influence chronic underrepresentation of some groups within STEM career pathways. Review of the literature suggests that the current STEM academic context does not consistently provide cues that affirm social inclusion to all members of the academic population, and that policies that address this disparity are essential to broadening STEM workforce development in the United States.
Understanding shame:Examining how justice and emotions operate in the context of restorative justice
Authors: Scheuerman Heather L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn essential element of the restorative justice process is engagement in emotional healing, which is made possible via the ways in which offenders manage shame. Effective shame management depends in part on the operation of justice principles. While research has examined justice and the importance of emotions in facilitating the restorative justice process, further investigation is necessary to understand how various types of justice affect emotions and facilitate the restoration of offenders. This article provides an overview of major findings regarding the relationship between justice, attributions, and emotions and how these findings relate to restorative justice. Implications for research in restorative justice are also discussed.
The mock conference as a teaching tool: Role‐play and “conplay” in the classroom
Authors: Ricker Aaron , Peterfeso Jill , Zubko Katherine C. , Yoo William , Blanchard Kate 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn our ostensibly secular age, discussing the real‐world contexts and impacts of religious traditions in the classroom can be difficult. Religious traditions may appear at different times to different students as too irrelevant, too personal, or too inflammatory to allow them to engage openly with the materials, the issues, and each other. In this “Design & Analysis” article Aaron Ricker describes an attempt to address this awkward pedagogical situation with an experiment in role‐play enacted on the model of a mock conference. This description is followed by four short responses by authors who have experimented with this form of pedagogy themselves. In “Conplay,” students dramatize the wildly varying and often conflicting approaches to biblical tradition they have been reading about and discussing in class. They bring the believers, doubters, artists, and critics they have been studying into the room, to interact face‐to‐face with each other and the class. In Ricker's experience, this playful and collaborative event involves just the right amount of risk to allow high levels of engagement and retention, and it allows a wide range of voices to be heard in an immediate and very human register. Ricker finds Conplay to be very effective, and well worth any perceived risks when it comes to inviting students to take the reins.
Sympathetic neurovascular regulation during pregnancy: A longitudinal case series study
Authors: Reyes Laura M. , Usselman Charlotte W. , Skow Rachel J. , Charkoudian Nisha , Staab Jeffery S. , Davenport Margie H. , Steinback Craig D. 
Published: January 2018

New Findings
What is the main observation in this case?
The main observation of this case report is that during pregnancy there is a progressive sympatho‐excitation in basal conditions and under stress, which is offset by a concurrent reduction in neurovascular transduction. Strong correlations between autonomic nervous system activity and sex hormones (oestrogen and progesterone), vasopressin and aldosterone were found.

What insights does it reveal?
Our findings suggest that hormonal surges might be associated with central sympathetic activation.

AbstractThe adaptations of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) during pregnancy remain poorly understood. An increase in blood volume, cardiac output and SNA, with a concomitant drop in total peripheral resistance (TPR), suggest that during pregnancy there is a reduced transduction of SNA into TPR. Most of these findings have originated from cross‐sectional studies; thus, we conducted a longitudinal assessment of SNA and TPR in two participants. Measurements were made before pregnancy (early follicular phase), on four occasions during pregnancy and at 2 months postpartum. Mean arterial pressure and cardiac output were used to calculate TPR. The SNA was measured using microneurography (peroneal nerve). There was a gestation‐dependent increase in SNA burst frequency (r2 = 0.96, P = 0.009). Neurovascular transduction, however, decreased by 53% in both women. Sympathetic hyperactivity was reversed postpartum, whereas neurovascular transduction remained lower. These longitudinal data highlight the progressive sympatho‐excitation of pregnancy, which is offset by a concurrent reduction in neurovascular transduction.
Complementary Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Vita Tomas , Okada David R. , Veillet-Chowdhury Mahdi , Bravo Paco E. , Mullins Erin , Hulten Edward , Agrawal Mukta , Madan Rachna , Taqueti Viviany R. , Steigner Michael , Skali Hicham , Kwong Raymond Y. , Stewart Garrick C. , Dorbala Sharmila , Di Carli Marcelo F. , Blankstein Ron 
Published: January 2018

Background—
Although cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and positron emission tomography (PET) detect different pathological attributes of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), the complementary value of these tests has not been evaluated. Our objective was to determine the value of combining CMR and PET in assessing the likelihood of CS and guiding patient management.

Methods and Results—
In this retrospective study, we included 107 consecutive patients referred for evaluation of CS by both CMR and PET. Two experienced readers blinded to all clinical data reviewed CMR and PET images and categorized the likelihood of CS as no (<10%), possible (10%–50%), probable (50%–90%), or highly probable(>90%) based on predefined criteria. Patient management after imaging was assessed for all patients and across categories of increasing CS likelihood. A final clinical diagnosis for each patient was assigned based on a subsequent review of all available imaging, clinical, and pathological data. Among 107 patients (age, 55±11 years; left ventricular ejection fraction, 43±16%), 91 (85%) had late gadolinium enhancement, whereas 82 (76%) had abnormal F18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on PET, suggesting active inflammation. Among the 91 patients with positive late gadolinium enhancement, 60 (66%) had abnormal F18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. When PET data were added to CMR, 48 (45%) patients were reclassified as having a higher or lower likelihood of CS, most of them (80%) being correctly reclassified when compared with the final diagnosis. Changes in immunosuppressive therapies were significantly more likely among patients with highly probable CS.

Conclusions—
Among patients with suspected CS, combining CMR and PET provides complementary value for estimating the likelihood of CS and guiding patient management.
On the Actual Risk of Bystander Intervention
Authors: Liebst Lasse Suonperä , Heinskou Marie Bruvik , Ejbye-Ernst Peter 
Published: January 2018

Objectives: Bystander studies have rarely considered the victimization risk associated with intervention into violent, dangerous emergencies. To address this gap, we aim to identify factors that influence bystanders’ risk of being physically victimized. Method: We observed bystander behavior from video surveillance footage of naturally occurring violence in nighttime economy settings, and data were analyzed with a logistic regression model. Results: Data show that approximately one of the six interventions results in some type of victimization, typically with a relatively low degree of severity. The bystander’s social group membership, the setting of the emergency, and the bystander’s intervention type are estimated as risk factors for victimization. Conclusions: Previous research suggests that a bystander’s social group membership with victims promotes intervention behavior. Our results expand the role of social group membership as being a factor that also influences whether the intervening bystander is victimized.
Identifying Metrics before and after Readmission following Head and Neck Surgery and Factors Affecting Readmission Rate
Authors: Puram Sidharth V. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesDetermine nationally representative readmission rates after head and neck cancer (HNCA) surgery and factors associated with readmission.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of admissions database.MethodsThe 2013 Nationwide Readmissions Database was analyzed for HNCA surgery admissions and subsequent readmission within 30 days. The readmission rate, length of stay (LOS), disposition, mortality rate, and total charges were determined. Diagnoses and procedures upon readmission were quantified. Factors that were associated with readmission were determined.ResultsIn total, 132,755 HNCA surgery inpatient admissions (mean age, 57.3 years; 52.2% male) were analyzed. Nationally representative metrics for HNCA surgery were mean LOS (4.4 ± 0.1 days), disposition (home without services, 80.5%; home health care, 10.9%; and skilled facility, 6.6%), mortality rate (1.0% ± 0.1%), and total charges ($53,106 ± $1167). The readmission rate was 7.7% ± 0.2% (mean readmission postoperative days, 17.1 ± 0.1), with readmission LOS (5.6 ± 0.1 days), mortality rate (3.7% ± 0.3%), and total charges ($49,425 ± $1548). The most common diagnoses at readmission included surgical complications (15.5%), mental health and substance abuse (13.1%), hypertension (12.8%), septicemia/infection (12.1%), gastrointestinal disease (11.3%), nutritional/metabolic disorders (10.1%), electrolyte abnormalities (8.5%), and esophageal disorders (8.1%). In multivariate analyses, male sex, increasing All Patients Refined Diagnosis Related Group (APR‐DRG) severity score, and initial LOS were associated with readmission (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.11 [1.04‐1.20], 1.94 [1.77‐2.12], and 1.34 [1.22‐1.48], respectively), whereas age and discharge location were not (P =. 361 and. 482).ConclusionHNCA surgery readmission is associated with significant increases in services/skilled care on discharge, mortality, and additional total health care cost. This national analysis identifies common readmission diagnoses to target to prevent readmissions.
The Association of External Transfer Status with Adverse Outcomes in Otolaryngology
Authors: Suresh Krish , Gouveia Christopher J. , Kern Robert C. , Cramer John D. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo compare rates of morbidity and mortality in patients treated by otolaryngologists who undergo interhospital transfers vs those who do not and to quantify conditions requiring interhospital transfers in this population.Study DesignCohort study.SettingAmerican College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.Subjects and MethodsWe identified patients requiring surgery by otolaryngologists in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2006 to 2013. We compared patients who were transferred from an outside institution to those admitted from home. Multivariate regression was used to adjust for patient characteristics, comorbidities, and case mix. The primary outcome was overall morbidity and mortality within 30 days of surgery.ResultsWe identified 60,498 patients; 488 (0.8%) were transferred from another institution. Operations that were more common in the transferred group were incision and drainage (24.0% vs 1.2%), facial trauma repair (9.0% vs 3.1%), and oropharyngeal hemorrhage control (3.9% vs 0.4%). External transfer patients had significantly longer hospital stays (44.1% vs 4.4% >7 days, P <. 05). On unadjusted analysis, transferred patients had a significantly higher rate of morbidity and mortality (odds ratio [OR], 11.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.4‐13.5). On multivariate analysis, transferred patients had a significantly greater rate of morbidity and mortality (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.4‐4.0).ConclusionTransfer from another institution is associated with worse outcomes independent of case mix, demographics, and preoperative comorbidities in acute otolaryngology conditions requiring surgery. Practitioners should be aware of this when caring for transfer patients, and transfer status should be considered when measuring hospital quality.
Modularising outpatient care delivery: A mixed methods case study at a Finnish University Hospital
Authors: Silander Katariina , Torkki Paulus , Peltokorpi Antti , Lepäntalo Aino , Tarkkanen Maija , Bono Petri , Klintrup Katariina , Kaila Minna 
Published: January 2018

Background Modularisation is a potential means to develop health care delivery by combining standardisation and customisation. However, little is known about the effects of modularisation on hospital care. The objective was to analyse how modularisation may change and support health care delivery in specialised hospital care. Methods A mixed methods case study methodology was applied using both qualitative and quantitative data, including interviews, field notes, documents, service usage data, bed count and personnel resource data. Data from a reference hospital’s unit were used to understand the context and development of care delivery in general. Results The following outcome themes were identified from the interviews: balance between demand and supply; support in shift from inpatient to outpatient care; shorter treatment times and improved management of service production. Modularisation supported the shift from inpatient towards outpatient care. Changes in resource efficiency measures were both positive and negative; the number of patients per personnel decreased, while the number of visits per personnel and the bed utilisation rate increased. Conclusions Modularisation may support health care providers in classifying patients and delivering services according to patients’ needs. However, as the findings are based on a single university hospital case study, more research is needed.
Complications Related to Percutaneous Thrombectomy of Hemodialysis Grafts
Authors: Vesely T.M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To retrospectively review the complications reported during percutaneous thrombectomy procedures performed on polytetrafluoroethylene hemodialysis grafts. Materials and Methods A retrospective review revealed that 935 percutaneous thrombectomy procedures were performed at our institution between January 1993 and June 2001. The type and number of procedures include: Arrow PTD (527), pulse-spray with urokinase (240), Amplatz Thrombectomy Device (96), AngioJet (17), Oasis (15), Hydrolyser (10), Endovac (7), Lyse and Wait (7), Thrombex (6), Cragg brush (6), Castaneda brush (4). Complications were reported to have occurred in 31 patients. The radiology reports and medical records of these patients were reviewed. Results The overall complication rate was 3.3%. The type and number of complications included: rupture of a vein during angioplasty (13), severe cardiopulmonary distress (4), arterial emboli (4), rigors related to urokinase (3), minor bleeding (2), hypoxia with chest pain (2), other assorted complications (3). There was one death resulting from a fall from the angiography table immediately following the procedure. There were 12 minor complications, requiring minimal treatment, and 19 major complications that altered the course of the procedure or treatment of the patient. Conclusion The most common complication was angioplasty-induced rupture of the vein or graft. The most severe complications occurred immediately following dislodgement of the arterial plug and were likely due to acute pulmonary embolization.
The suitability of the femoral vein for permanent vascular access
Authors: Pecorari M. 
Published: January 2018

In our dialysis unit, we commonly position permanent catheters (the Tesio twin catheter) in femoral veins with “high” exit sites, in the abdominal area. We prefer this method because of its intrinsic safety in patients immediately requiring hemodialysis (HD), because there is no need for ultrasound guidance and a low incidence of complications during and after positioning. In addition, we consider that this method is suitable for older patients without good native vessels for an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Sixty-nine femoral catheters were positioned in 61 patients (mean age 70.8 yrs): 307 observational months/patients (mean duration 4.45 months) demonstrated the following results: a) no incidents during catheter positioning; b) four iliac-femoral thromboses (in three cases complete recanalization with heparin treatment); c) two catheters were removed due to an infection of the tunnel; d) no generalized, life-threatening sepsis. Therefore, we recommend this solution as a “bridge-access” between the immediate need for HD and the successive best strategy for the treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Impact of pre-operative venography on the planning and outcome of vascular access for hemodialysis patients
Authors: Elsharawy M.A. , Moghazy K.M. 
Published: January 2018

Objective Pre-operative venous mapping has increased dramatically in most dialysis units since the Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative (DOQI) guidelines recommended a native arteriovenous venous fistula (AVF) rather than a graft for hemodialysis (HD) access procedures. However, there are conflicting consequences as a result of this policy. Some studies have showed that routine mapping has resulted in a marked increase in maturation rate while others have observed the reverse. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of pre-operative venography on the planning and outcome of AVF for our HD patients. Patients and methods A prospective study was performed on all patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who had HD access procedures and pre-operative venography between October 2003 and November 2005. Upper limb venography was done for all patients except those that required primary access and had visible veins. All patients had HD immediately after the venography. Access procedure selection was based on the result of the venography. The complications of venography, the surgical procedure and the outcome were recorded. Results One hundred and twenty-nine patients with ESRD who had pre-operative venography were included in this study. They were mostly middle age (mean age ± SD = 41 ± 15.5 yrs) with a high rate of diabetes mellitus (53%). No single complication was reported. A graft was placed in six patients (5%) only. Unsuccessful surgical exploration was 0%. Early failure was in 10 patients (8%). Conclusion Pre-operative venography resulted in an increase in the number of AVFs. It can improve the results of HD access procedures by selecting the most suitable veins.
Effect fusion using model-based clustering
Authors: Malsiner-Walli Gertraud , Pauger Daniela , Wagner Helga 
Published: January 2018

Abstract: In social and economic studies many of the collected variables are measured on a nominal scale, often with a large number of categories. The definition of categories can be ambiguous and different classification schemes using either a finer or a coarser grid are possible. Categorization has an impact when such a variable is included as covariate in a regression model: a too fine grid will result in imprecise estimates of the corresponding effects, whereas with a too coarse grid important effects will be missed, resulting in biased effect estimates and poor predictive performance. To achieve an automatic grouping of the levels of a categorical covariate with essentially the same effect, we adopt a Bayesian approach and specify the prior on the level effects as a location mixture of spiky Normal components. Model-based clustering of the effects during MCMC sampling allows to simultaneously detect categories which have essentially the same effect size and identify variables with no effect at all. Fusion of level effects is induced by a prior on the mixture weights which encourages empty components. The properties of this approach are investigated in simulation studies. Finally, the method is applied to analyse effects of high-dimensional categorical predictors on income in Austria.
Extending Rights to Marginalized Minorities: Same-Sex Relationship Recognition in Mexico and the United States
Authors: Beer Caroline , Cruz-Aceves Victor D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhat explains the extension of greater rights to traditionally marginalized minorities? This article compares the extension of legal equality to lebian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in Mexico and the United States with a focus on the legal recognition of same-sex relationships. A national-level comparison of gay rights in Mexico and the United States presents a theoretical puzzle: most theories predict that the United States would have more egalitarian policies than Mexico, but in fact, Mexico has provided greater legal equality for LGBT people for a longer time than the United States. A subnational analysis of equal relationship rights in the United States and Mexico provides evidence to support social movement and partisan theories of minority rights. We find that religion plays a different role in Mexico than in the United States. The different findings at the national and subnational levels suggest the importance of subnational comparative analysis in heterogeneous federal systems.