bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foot burns and diabetes: a retrospective study
Authors: Lawrence E. , Li F. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Background
Diabetes in conjunction with a foot burn can compound the challenges in wound healing; however, the impact of diabetes on outcomes of patients with foot burns has not been examined.

Methods
A retrospective notes audit was conducted at the Concord Hospital Burns Unit for patients with foot burns who were admitted from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2013. Data were collected for 15 subjects with foot burns and diabetes and 18 subjects with foot burns and no diabetes as a control group. Subjects were matched for percentage total body surface area of burns.

Results
The mean inpatient and total lengths of stay for the diabetic group were 21.27 days and 64.80 days, which were significantly longer (P = 0.090 and P = 0.054) than the 9.61 days and 30.56 days in the control, based on a significance level of 0.10. The diabetic group was significantly older (P = 0.001), at 56.60 years versus 39.44 years in the control. Significantly (P = 0.033) more patients with diabetes were not working (n = 12/15 or 80.00 % versus n = 7/18 or 38.89 %) compared to the control. The diabetic group had higher rates of regrafting (n = 3/15 or 20.00 % versus n = 1/18 or 5.55 %) than the control and significantly (P = 0.013) more amputations (n = 5/15 or 33.33 % versus n = 0 or 0.00 %) compared to the control. Fewer patients with diabetes were prescribed pressure garments (n = 2/15 or 13.33 % versus n = 9/18 or 50.00 %), which was significant (P = 0.034). The increased age of patients in the diabetic group correlates with results from other studies. Healing time may be reflected by total length of stay, which was more than double for patients with diabetes, increasing demand and cost of inpatient and outpatient services.

Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of recognizing the potential for poorer outcomes for patients with diabetes and indicates the need for more burn prevention education and promotion in this ‘at risk’ patient group.
Risk of intracranial hemorrhage in users of oral antithrombotic drugs: Study protocol for a nationwide study
Authors: Gulati Sasha , Solheim Ole , Carlsen Sven M. , Øie Lise R. , Jensberg Heidi , Gulati Agnete M. , Giannadakis Charalampis , Jakola Asgeir Store , Salvesen Øyvind 
Published: December 2015

Background A wide range of antithrombotic medications can be used in the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. Among hemorrhagic complications of antithrombotic drugs, intracranial hemorrhage may have particularly devastating consequences with high morbidity, disability and mortality rates. The incidence and risks of intracranial hemorrhage in patients on antithrombotic treatments from regular clinical practice outside clinical trials remain largely unknown. It is not known if results from clinical trials can be extrapolated to everyday clinical practice. We will conduct a nationwide study to investigate the risks and incidence rates of intracranial hemorrhage in users oral antithrombotic drugs in Norway from 2008 through 2014. Methods and design The aim of this nationwide study is to investigate the incidence rates of intracranial hemorrhage requiring hospitalization in users of oral antithrombotic drugs. The study will be conducted within the approximately 4.7 million inhabitants of Norway from January 1st, 2008, to December 31st, 2014. Treatment and outcome data are obtained from the Norwegian patient registry and the Norwegian prescription database. Trial registration number Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02481011)
CausalTrail: Testing hypothesis using causal Bayesian networks
Authors: Stöckel Daniel , Schmidt Florian , Trampert Patrick , Lenhof Hans-Peter 
Published: December 2015

Summary Causal Bayesian Networks are a special class of Bayesian networks in which the hierarchy directly encodes the causal relationships between the variables. This allows to compute the effect of interventions, which are external changes to the system, caused by e.g. gene knockouts or an administered drug. Whereas numerous packages for constructing causal Bayesian networks are available, hardly any program targeted at downstream analysis exists. In this paper we present CausalTrail, a tool for performing reasoning on causal Bayesian networks using the do-calculus. CausalTrail's features include multiple data import methods, a flexible query language for formulating hypotheses, as well as an intuitive graphical user interface. The program is able to account for missing data and thus can be readily applied in multi-omics settings where it is common that not all measurements are performed for all samples.Availability and Implementation CausalTrail is implemented in C++ using the Boost and Qt5 libraries. It can be obtained from https://github.com/dstoeckel/causaltrail
A Characterization of the SSD-Efficient Frontier of Portfolio Weights by Means of a Set of Mixed-Integer Linear Constraints
Authors: Longarela Iñaki R. 
Published: December 2015

In this paper, the set of all second-order stochastic dominance (SSD)-efficient portfolios is characterized by using a series of mixed-integer linear constraints. Our derivation employs a combination of the first-order conditions of the utility maximization problem together with a judicious use of binary variables. This result opens the door to the formulation of optimizations whose objective function is free to select a particular portfolio out of the entire SSD-efficient set. This paper was accepted by Jerome Detemple, finance.
CROSSROADS—Strategy, Problems, and a Theory for the Firm
Authors: Felin Teppo , Zenger Todd R. 
Published: December 2015

In this paper we develop the outlines of a theory for the firm—a theory that guides a firm’s path to value creation, in response to the critique by von Hippel and von Krogh [ von Hippel E, von Krogh G (2016) Identifying viable "need–solution pairs": Problem solving without problem formulation. Organ. Sci. 27:207–221; henceforth Hippel–Krogh] of the problem-solving perspective as a theory of value creation. Hippel–Krogh argue (a) that problems and solutions cannot always be separated because they often emerge as problem–solution or need–solution pairs that are discovered serendipitously, and (b) that deliberately formulating or choosing a single, fixed problem restricts the firm from accessing the vast array of external problem solvers and restricts the firm from valuable reformulations of the problem and “rich landscape search.” Although Hippel–Krogh raise interesting and important arguments, we claim that they miss what is most central about the problem-solving approach: the comparative, organizational, and strategic aspects of the theory. However, their critique is also important because it draws attention to a critical void in the problem-solving perspective, namely, the need for firms to possess a theory to guide their efforts at value creation.We argue that this theory for the firm links problem solving with a broader theory of value creation, thus responding to the concerns raised by Hippel–Krogh. We discuss how firms theorize the process of value creation by articulating an overall architecture and bundle of problems around which each firm uniquely organizes and governs as a path to value creation. We provide two brief, informal examples (Starbucks and Apple) to illustrate our points, linking these examples to the need–solution landscape proposed by Hippel–Krogh. In all, we provide a broad sketch and outline of a theory of value creation as it relates to problem finding and problem solving while concurrently responding to points raised by Hippel–Krogh.
Applications of MALDI Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Chemistry
Authors: Duncan Mark W , Nedelkov Dobrin , Walsh Ryan , Hattan Stephen J 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) is set to make inroads into clinical chemistry because it offers advantages over other analytical platforms. These advantages include low acquisition and operating costs, ease of use, ruggedness, and high throughput. When coupled with innovative front-end strategies and applied to important clinical problems, it can deliver rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective assays.

CONTENT
This review describes the general principles of MALDI-TOF MS, highlights the unique features of the platform, and discusses some practical methods based upon it. There is substantial potential for MALDI-TOF MS to make further inroads into clinical chemistry because of the selectivity of mass detection and its ability to independently quantify proteoforms.

SUMMARY
MALDI-TOF MS has already transformed the practice of clinical microbiology and this review illustrates how and why it is now set to play an increasingly important role in in vitro diagnostics in particular, and clinical chemistry in general.
Sulfatide Analysis by Mass Spectrometry for Screening of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy in Dried Blood and Urine Samples
Authors: Spacil Zdenek , Babu Kumar Arun , Liao Hsuan-Chieh , Auray-Blais Christiane , Stark Samantha , Suhr Teryn R , Scott C Ronald , Turecek Frantisek , Gelb Michael H 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDMetachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency in arylsulfatase A activity, leading to accumulation of sulfatide substrates. Diagnostic and monitoring procedures include demonstration of reduced arylsulfatase A activity in peripheral blood leukocytes or detection of sulfatides in urine. However, the development of a screening test is challenging because of instability of the enzyme in dried blood spots (DBS), the widespread occurrence of pseudodeficiency alleles, and the lack of available urine samples from newborn screening programs.METHODSWe measured individual sulfatide profiles in DBS and dried urine spots (DUS) from MLD patients with LC-MS/MS to identify markers with the discriminatory power to differentiate affected individuals from controls. We also developed a method for converting all sulfatide molecular species into a single species, allowing quantification in positive-ion mode upon derivatization.RESULTSIn DBS from MLD patients, we found up to 23.2-fold and 5.1-fold differences in total sulfatide concentrations for early- and late-onset MLD, respectively, compared with controls and pseudodeficiencies. Corresponding DUS revealed up to 164-fold and 78-fold differences for early- and late-onset MLD patient samples compared with controls. The use of sulfatides converted to a single species simplified the analysis and increased detection sensitivity in positive-ion mode, providing a second option for sulfatide analysis.CONCLUSIONSThis study of sulfatides in DBS and DUS suggests the feasibility of the mass spectrometry method for newborn screening of MLD and sets the stage for a larger-scale newborn screening pilot study.
Quantification of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Protein Expression in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Tissues from Patients Treated with Crizotinib
Authors: Hembrough Todd , Liao Wei-Li , Hartley Christopher P , Ma Patrick C , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Lanigan Christopher , Thyparambil Sheeno , An Eunkyung , Monga Manish , Krizman David , Burrows Jon , Tafe Laura J 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDCrizotinib has antitumor activity in ALK (anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase)-rearranged non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The current diagnostic test for ALK rearrangement is breakapart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), but FISH has low throughput and is not always reflective of protein concentrations. The emergence of multiple clinically relevant biomarkers in NSCLC necessitates efficient testing of scarce tissue samples. We developed an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein assay that uses multiplexed selected reaction monitoring (SRM) to quantify absolute amounts of ALK in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue.METHODSAfter validation in formalin-fixed cell lines, the SRM assay was used to quantify concentrations of ALK in 18 FFPE NSCLC samples that had been tested for ALK by FISH and immunohistochemistry. Results were correlated with patient response to crizotinib.RESULTSWe detected ALK in 11 of 14 NSCLC samples with known ALK rearrangements by FISH. Absolute ALK concentrations correlated with clinical response in 5 of 8 patients treated with crizotinib. The SRM assay did not detect ALK in 3 FISH-positive patients who had not responded to crizotinib. In 1 of these cases, DNA sequencing revealed a point mutation that predicts a nonfunctional ALK fusion protein. The SRM assay did not detect ALK in any tumor tissue with a negative ALK status by FISH or immunohistochemistry.CONCLUSIONSALK concentrations measured by SRM correlate with crizotinib response in NSCLC patients. The ALK SRM proteomic assay, which may be multiplexed with other clinically relevant proteins, allows for rapid identification of patients potentially eligible for targeted therapies.
Automated Multiplex LC-MS/MS Assay for Quantifying Serum Apolipoproteins A-I, B, C-I, C-II, C-III, and E with Qualitative Apolipoprotein E Phenotyping
Authors: van den Broek Irene , Romijn Fred P H T M , Nouta Jan , van der Laarse Arnoud , Drijfhout Jan W , Smit Nico P M , van der Burgt Yuri E M , Cobbaert Christa M 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Direct and calculated measures of lipoprotein fractions for cardiovascular risk assessment suffer from analytical inaccuracy in certain dyslipidemic and pathological states, most commonly hypertriglyceridemia. LC-MS/MS has proven suitable for multiplexed quantification and phenotyping of apolipoproteins. We developed and provisionally validated an automated assay for quantification of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, B, C-I, C-II, C-III, and E and simultaneous qualitative assessment of apoE phenotypes.

METHODS
We used 5 value-assigned human serum pools for external calibration. Serum proteins were denatured, reduced, and alkylated according to standard mass spectrometry–based proteomics procedures. After trypsin digestion, peptides were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. For each peptide, we measured 2 transitions. We compared LC-MS/MS results to those obtained by an immunoturbidimetric assay or ELISA.

RESULTS
Intraassay CVs were 2.3%–5.5%, and total CVs were 2.5%–5.9%. The LC-MS/MS assay correlated (R = 0.975–0.995) with immunoturbidimetric assays with Conformité Européenne marking for apoA-I, apoB, apoC-II, apoC-III, and apoE in normotriglyceridemic (n = 54) and hypertriglyceridemic (n = 46) sera. Results were interchangeable for apoA-I ≤3.0 g/L (Deming slope 1.014) and for apoB-100 ≤1.8 g/L (Deming slope 1.016) and were traceable to higher-order standards.

CONCLUSIONS
The multiplex format provides an opportunity for new diagnostic and pathophysiologic insights into types of dyslipidemia and allows a more personalized approach for diagnosis and treatment of lipid abnormalities.
MALDI-TOF-MS Assay to Detect the Hemizygous 22q11.2 Deletion in DNA from Dried Blood Spots
Authors: Kobrynski Lisa J , Yazdanpanah Golriz K , Koontz Deborah , Lee Francis K , Vogt Robert F 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
A hemizygous deletion of 1.5–3 Mb in 22q11.2 causes a distinct clinical syndrome with variable congenital defects. Current diagnostic methods use fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) or comparative genomic hybridization by microarray to detect the deletion. Neither method is suitable for newborn screening (NBS), since they cannot be performed on dried blood spots (DBS). We developed a MALDI-TOF-MS assay that uses DBS to measure the hemizygous deletion of UFD1L, located within the 22q11.2 region.

METHODS
We used DBS from 54 affected patients, previously tested by FISH or microarray, and 100 cord blood samples to evaluate the performance of the MALDI-TOF-MS assay. With a single primer pair, a 97-base oligonucleotide within UFD1L was amplified, as was a sequence on chromosome 18 that differs by 2 nucleotides. A multiplexed, single-base extension reaction created allele-specific products for MALDI-TOF-MS detection. The products were spotted onto a silicon chip, and the height of the spectral peaks identified the relative amounts of target and reference gene.

RESULTS
The median ratio of the spectral peak for each UFD1L target:reference base was 0.96 and 0.99 for controls, compared with 0.35 and 0.53 for 22q11 deletion syndrome patients. There was 100% concordance between FISH/microarray and MALDI-TOF-MS in all patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

CONCLUSIONS
This method can be reliably performed with DBS and is suitable for high sample throughput. This assay may be considered for use in population-based NBS for 22q11.2 deletion.
Recommendations for the Generation, Quantification, Storage, and Handling of Peptides Used for Mass Spectrometry–Based Assays
Authors: Hoofnagle Andrew N , Whiteaker Jeffrey R , Carr Steven A , Kuhn Eric , Liu Tao , Massoni Sam A , Thomas Stefani N , Townsend R Reid , Zimmerman Lisa J , Boja Emily , Chen Jing , Crimmins Daniel L , Davies Sherri R , Gao Yuqian , Hiltke Tara R , Ketchum Karen A , Kinsinger Christopher R , Mesri Mehdi , Meyer Matthew R , Qian Wei-Jun , Schoenherr Regine M , Scott Mitchell G , Shi Tujin , Whiteley Gordon R , Wrobel John A , Wu Chaochao , Ackermann Brad L , Aebersold Ruedi , Barnidge David R , Bunk David M , Clarke Nigel , Fishman Jordan B , Grant Russ P , Kusebauch Ulrike , Kushnir Mark M , Lowenthal Mark S , Moritz Robert L , Neubert Hendrik , Patterson Scott D , Rockwood Alan L , Rogers John , Singh Ravinder J , Van Eyk Jennifer E , Wong Steven H , Zhang Shucha , Chan Daniel W , Chen Xian , Ellis Matthew J , Liebler Daniel C , Rodland Karin D , Rodriguez Henry , Smith Richard D , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Hui , Paulovich Amanda G 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDFor many years, basic and clinical researchers have taken advantage of the analytical sensitivity and specificity afforded by mass spectrometry in the measurement of proteins. Clinical laboratories are now beginning to deploy these work flows as well. For assays that use proteolysis to generate peptides for protein quantification and characterization, synthetic stable isotope–labeled internal standard peptides are of central importance. No general recommendations are currently available surrounding the use of peptides in protein mass spectrometric assays.CONTENTThe Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium of the National Cancer Institute has collaborated with clinical laboratorians, peptide manufacturers, metrologists, representatives of the pharmaceutical industry, and other professionals to develop a consensus set of recommendations for peptide procurement, characterization, storage, and handling, as well as approaches to the interpretation of the data generated by mass spectrometric protein assays. Additionally, the importance of carefully characterized reference materials—in particular, peptide standards for the improved concordance of amino acid analysis methods across the industry—is highlighted. The alignment of practices around the use of peptides and the transparency of sample preparation protocols should allow for the harmonization of peptide and protein quantification in research and clinical care.
The power of photographs in the communication and public relations of tourist destinations and their brands through Facebook and Flickr
Authors: Míguez-González María Isabel , Huertas Assumpció 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Social media, which are important tools of public relations, have revolutionized the communication of tourist destinations. Photographs are one of the elements that communications managers of destinations can use to communicate their brands. But how are these photographs used via social media? The results of this study show a more frequent use of photos on Facebook, whereas the use of photo-sharing sites such as Flickr is still not very widespread. Photos best communicate emotional values, but destinations most often use them to present their attraction factors. In addition, in many destinations there is a lack of communication strategy in the use of pictures, which complement information without regard for any actual communication criteria. The useful recommendations for destinations that can be drawn from the results are: a more strategic use of photographs in communication via social media and the utilization of their potential in communicating the brand’s emotional values.
East European think tanks in social media – towards the model of evaluation of effective communication/PR strategies: Case study analysis
Authors: Castillo-Esparcia Antonio , Almansa-Martínez Ana , Smolak-Lozano Emilia 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Taking into account the recent development of social media and its impact on PR practice among different organizations, this study aims to examine and assess the performance of PR practice think tanks in social media. The major focus is on social media application to their PR strategies and general output and outcomes of this implementation. The study is based on a case study method combined with triangulated techniques of data analysis and collection. The sample is formed by the selected East European think tanks. The study applies free of charge eTools for digital communication measurement in order to detect the value of the presence and activity in various social networks. The objective of the study is to examine whether East European think tanks apply 2.0 communication and to determine the best practices with their corresponding values in order to present a benchmark for such organiza- tions in this area of digital space.
Som la Pera: How to develop a social marketing and public relations campaign to prevent obesity among teenagers in Catalonia
Authors: Lozano Natàlia , Prades Jordi , Montagut Marta 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Som la Pera is a public communication campaign for the prevention of obesity and the promotion of healthy lifestyles among teenagers, launched in May 2014 in Reus (Catalonia, Spain). The campaign is linked to the EU-funded project EYTO, and establishes consistent bridges between public relations and social marketing. This article argues that although these fields have traditionally been wary of each other, both have complementary aspects such as interventions that encourage behavioural changes regarding sociocultural contexts. These contact points especially occur in health promotion campaigns.
Grappling with inclusion: Ethnocultural diversity and socio-musical experiences in Common Thread Community Chorus of Toronto
Authors: Yerichuk Deanna 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This pilot research study explored ethnocultural backgrounds of choristers and their socio-musical experiences participating in Common Thread Community Chorus of Toronto, a community choir that actively pursues cultural inclusion through policies of musical and financial accessibility, as well as choosing repertoire of diverse cultures. A survey of choristers investigated how Common Thread members’ ethnocultural backgrounds informed their perceptions of their musical and social experiences and of the choir’s cultural diversity, working from the assumption that all people have ethnocultural backgrounds. Research findings reveal complex and diverse cultures when singers reflect on their own experiences, but choristers tended to reduce cultural diversity to race and language when thinking about the choir as a whole, suggesting that perceptions may be operating from a white normative centre. The results of this pilot research raise significant questions about multicultural education and cultural inclusion efforts within community choral practices in ethnically diverse urban environments.