bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between general movements in neonates who were growth restricted in utero and prenatal Doppler flow patterns
Authors: Tanis J. C. , Schmitz D. M. , Boelen M. R. , Casarella L. , van den Berg P. P. , Bilardo C. M. , Bos A. F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether Doppler pulsatility indices (PIs) of the fetal circulation in cases of fetal growth restriction (FGR) are associated with the general movements (GMs) of the neonate after birth.MethodsThis was a prospective observational cohort study including pregnancies with FGR diagnosed between June 2012 and September 2014. A diagnosis of FGR was based on an abdominal circumference or estimated fetal weight < 10th percentile (in conjuction with abnormal Doppler) or declining fetal growth of at least 30 percentiles with respect to previous size measurements. Doppler parameters of the umbilical artery (UA), fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) and ductus venosus (DV) were measured maximally 1 week prior to delivery. Cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) was calculated as MCA‐PI divided by UA‐PI. We assessed the quality of neonatal GMs 7 days after birth, around the due date if cases were born preterm, and at 3 months post‐term. We performed a detailed analysis of the motor repertoire by calculating a motor optimality score (MOS).ResultsForty‐eight FGR cases were included with a median gestational age at delivery of 35 (range, 26–40) weeks. UA‐PI, MCA‐PI and CPR correlated strongly (ρ, −0.374 to 0.472; P < 0.01) with the MOS on day 7 after birth, but DV‐PI did not. Doppler PI measurements did not correlate with MOS at 3 months post‐term.ConclusionFetal arterial Doppler measurements are associated with the quality of neonatal GMs 1 week after birth, but this association is no longer evident at 3 months post‐term. Brain sparing in particular is associated strongly with GMs of an abnormal quality. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Impact of Preoperative Exclusive Enteral Nutrition on Postoperative Complications and Recurrence After Bowel Resection in Patients with Active Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Wang Honggang , Zuo Lugen , Zhao Jie , Dong Jianning , Li Yi , Gu Lili , Gong Jianfeng , Liu Qinghong , Zhu Weiming 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of preoperative enteral nutrition (EN) on postoperative complications and recurrence in Crohn’s disease (CD) has not been investigated to date. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of preoperative exclusive EN on postoperative complications and recurrence after bowel resection in patients with active CD.MethodsPatient data were obtained from a prospectively maintained database. 81 patients who received bowel resection for ileal or ileocolonic CD were studied. Before operation, 42 CD patients received exclusive EN for 4 weeks, and the other patients had no nutritional therapy. All patients were followed up regularly for 2 years after surgery, and ileocolonoscopy was performed every 6 months after bowel resection.ResultsPatients receiving exclusive EN had a dramatic improvement of nutritional (BMI, albumin, pre‐albumin, and Hb) and inflammatory (CRP and CDAI) status compared with baseline after the EN therapy for 4 weeks (P < 0.05). Furthermore, significantly lower incidence of both infectious and non‐infectious complications was observed in patients receiving exclusive EN compared with those received no nutritional therapy (P < 0.05). Exclusive EN therapy for 4 weeks significantly reduced endoscopic recurrence rates after resection for CD 6 months after operation. However, during the 2‐year follow‐up, incidence of clinical recurrence was similar in both groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsPreoperative exclusive EN therapy for 4 weeks reduced postoperative complications, which may be associated with improvement of nutritional and inflammatory status in patients with active CD.
In vitroassessment of the anthelmintic activity ofHedysarum carnosumDesf. at different phenological stages and from six locations in Tunisia
Authors: AISSA A. , MANOLARAKI F. , BEN SALEM H. , HOSTE H. , KRAIEM K. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYGastrointestinal nematodes are compromising productivity of grazing sheep and goats. Therefore, scientists have been looking for cost-effective alternative options. Forage legumes (Fabacea Family) contain tannins that could improve livestock performance and their health as well. The present study aimed to (i) determine thein vitroanthelmintic (AH) activity of 19 acetonic extracts ofHedysarum carnosumDesf onHaemonchus contortusby a larval exsheathment assay (LEA); (ii) test the anthelmintic activity of condensed tannins using a deactivating reagent, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP); (iii) study the effect of location and the phenological stage on the percentage of exsheathment. The LEA was used at different concentrations (150, 300, 600, 1200µg mL−1of acetonic extract/mL of purified buffer solution (PBS)). The larval exsheathment is concentration, location, phenological stage dependent. All extracts, caused a delay of the percentage of exsheathment over 50% so the AH activity ofH. carnosumwas confirmed. After addition of PVPP, the % exsheathment was similar to the 150µg mL−1concentration. The biplot showed that Loc1(S), Loc4(B), Loc 5(PF), Loc 6(BM) and Loc 6(PF) were isolated from other plant extract sample. Ourin vitrostudy showed thatH. carnosumseems to be a promising alternative to AH drugs.
Beyond segregative or integrative models for protected areas: a case study of French nature reserves
Authors: THERVILLE CLARA , CASELLA-COLOMBEAU LIVIO , MATHEVET RAPHAËL , BIORET FREDERIC 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYInitially conceived as human-exclusion zones (the segregative model), protected areas are more and more often established within a management framework that integrates conservation and development projects with multiple partnerships and encourages engagement with local stakeholders (the integrative model). In this study, we investigated the conservation attitudes and practices of management staff in the network of nature reserves (NRs) in France. We found that conservation practices, such as law enforcement, habitat management, environmental education and partnerships, and the socio–cultural and psychological profiles of their managers show a wide distribution along a segregative to integrative gradient. Our results indicate that while the policy of these protected areas is still structured by a segregative cliché, in practice, many managers implement a more integrated approach. This coexistence of the two approaches reflects a general pattern of evolution of nature protection thought and the institutionalization of NRs, as well as demonstrating the adaptation of NRs to their local contexts and how they function, within the surrounding landscape, as a single but complex social–ecological system.
The Destruction of Cultural Property in the Syrian Conflict: Legal Implications and Obligations
Authors: Cunliffe Emma , Muhesen Nibal , Lostal Marina 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:This article comes as the conflict in Syria has entered its fifth year, bringing with it loss of life and the displacement of the Syrian people as well as extensive damage to, and destruction of, the country’s cultural heritage. This article will first provide an overview and explanation of the national and international legal framework for protecting cultural property in conflict as it applies to the Syrian State and the non-State actors involved, using examples from the whole conflict, including the recent actions of Da’esh. Second, we demonstrate that the destruction of all types of cultural property, regardless of its importance, can be considered a prosecutable violation of these laws, and we examine the possibilities for prosecution. Following from this discussion, we question whether the existing framework can be considered effective and consider the role the international heritage community can play.
Replicating Elite Dominance in Intangible Cultural Heritage Safeguarding: The Role of Local Government–Scholar Networks in China
Authors: Maags Christina , Holbig Heike 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:Since “intangible cultural heritage” (ICH) became the new focal point in the global heritage discourse, governments and scholars in many countries have begun to promote this new form of “immaterial” culture. The People’s Republic of China has been one of the most active state parties implementing the new scheme and adapting it to domestic discourses and practices. Policies formulated at the national level have become increasingly malleable to the interests of local government-scholar networks. By conducting a comparative case study of two provinces, this article aims to identify the role of local elite networks in the domestic implementation of the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, focusing on the incentives of scholars and officials to participate in ICH policy networks. It finds that the implementation of the Convention has not removed the power asymmetry between elite and popular actors but, instead, has fostered an elite-driven policy approach shaped by symbiotic, mutually legitimizing government–scholar networks.
The melioidosis agentBurkholderia pseudomalleiand related opportunistic pathogens detected in faecal matter of wildlife and livestock in northern Australia
Authors: HÖGER A. C. R. , MAYO M. , PRICE E. P. , THEOBALD V. , HARRINGTON G. , MACHUNTER B. , CHOY J. LOW , CURRIE B. J. , KAESTLI M. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYThe Darwin region in northern Australia has experienced rapid population growth in recent years, and with it, an increased incidence of melioidosis. Previous studies in Darwin have associated the environmental presence ofBurkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, with anthropogenic land usage and proximity to animals. In our study, we estimated the occurrence ofB. pseudomalleiandBurkholderiaspp. relatives in faecal matter of wildlife, livestock and domestic animals in the Darwin region. A total of 357 faecal samples were collected and bacteria isolated through culture and direct DNA extraction after enrichment in selective media. Identification ofB. pseudomallei, B. ubonensis, and otherBurkholderiaspp. was carried out using TTS1, Bu550, andrecABUR3–BUR4 quantitative PCR assays, respectively.B. pseudomalleiwas detected in seven faecal samples from wallabies and a chicken.B. cepaciacomplex spp. andPandoraeaspp. were cultured from wallaby faecal samples, andB. cenocepaciaandB. cepaciawere also isolated from livestock animals. Various bacteria isolated in this study represent opportunistic human pathogens, raising the possibility that faecal shedding contributes to the expanding geographical distribution of not justB. pseudomalleibut other Burkholderiaceae that can cause human disease.
From the Caribbean to the Scottish Highlands: Charitable Enterprise in the Age of Improvement, c.1750 to c.1820
Authors: KEHOE S. KARLY 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe growing Scottish Highland presence in the Caribbean after 1750 was indicative of two things. On the one hand there was a British imperial agenda intent on promoting economic development and security in the Caribbean. On the other there was a domestic agenda, with a focus on introducing the sweeping changes to Highland society that would complete the process of Highland pacification. There was also, however, a deep concern for the socio-economic and cultural survival of the Highlands which encouraged countless Highlanders to engage in myriad imperial pursuits. This article links the global with the local by considering the rise of charitable enterprise in the Scottish Highlands, one of Britain's most vulnerable regions. In considering the establishment of the region's first hospital, the Northern Infirmary at Inverness, and three academies at Fortrose, Tain and Inverness, it establishes the Scottish Highlands’ intrinsic link with the Caribbean's plantation economy.
‘School Milk’ in the Context of the Australian Dairy Industry
Authors: THORLEY VIRGINIA 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAustralia, as with a number of other countries with dairy industries, established a national school milk scheme which operated from 1951 to the beginning of 1974 at no cost to the children's families. The scheme, funded by the federal government and administered by the states, ended abruptly after costs blew out, with resultant losses by the industry. This article describes the limited provision of milk in schools in two states prior to the national scheme and how, after the cessation of the national scheme, dairy industry initiatives in some states were gradually developed to market liquid cow's milk, including flavoured products, at subsidised prices to school children who were perceived as potential lifelong consumers. The article traces the rise and decline of these schemes in the late twentieth century within the context of moves towards dairy deregulation and its effects on the industry.
Understanding the world of dementia. How do people with dementia experience the world?
Authors: Zwijsen Sandra A , van der Ploeg Eva , Hertogh Cees M.P.M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:There is growing awareness that the subjective experience of people with dementia is important for understanding behavior and improving quality of life. This paper reviews and reflects on the currently available theories on subjective experience in dementia and it explores the possibility of a knowledge gap on the influence of neurological deficits on experience in late stage dementia.Methods:A literature review on current commonly used theories on experience in dementia was supplemented with a systematic review in PubMed and Psychinfo. For the systematic review, the terms used were Perception and Dementia and Behavior; and Awareness and Dementia and Long term care.Results:Current models emphasize the psychosocial factors that influence subjective experience, but the consequences of neurological deficits are not elaborated upon. The systematic literature search on the neuropsychological functioning in dementia resulted in 631 papers, of which 94 were selected for review. The current knowledge is limited to the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Next to memory impairments, perception of the direct environment, interpretation of the environment, and inhibition of own responses to the environment seem to be altered in people with dementia.Conclusions:Without knowledge on how perception, interpretation and the ability for response control are altered, the behavior of people with dementia can easily be misinterpreted. Research into neuropsychological functioning of people in more severe stages and different forms of dementia is needed to be able to develop a model that is truly biopsychosocial. The proposed model can be used in such research as a starting point for developing tests and theories.
Knockout of Atg5 delays the maturation and reduces the survival of adult-generated neurons in the hippocampus
Authors: Xi Y , Dhaliwal J S , Ceizar M , Vaculik M , Kumar K L , Lagace D C 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAutophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation pathway that plays important roles in cell maintenance, expansion and differentiation. Removal of genes essential for autophagy from embryonic neural stem and precursor cells reduces the survival and inhibits neuronal differentiation of adult-generated neurons. No study has modified autophagy within the adult precursor cells, leaving the cell-autonomous role of autophagy in adult neurogenesis unknown. Here we demonstrate that autophagic flux exists in the adult dividing progenitor cells and their progeny in the dentate gyrus. To investigate the role of autophagy in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, we genetically deleted Autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) that reduced autophagic flux and the survival of the progeny of dividing progenitor cells. This significant reduction in survival of adult-generated neurons is accompanied by a delay in neuronal maturation, including a transient reduction in spine density in the absence of a change in differentiation. The delay in cell maturation and loss of progeny of the Atg5-null cells was not present in mice that lacked the essential pro-apoptotic protein Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein), suggesting that Atg5-deficient cells die through a Bax-dependent mechanism. In addition, there was a loss of Atg5-null cells following exposure to running, suggesting that Atg5 is required for running-induced increases in neurogenesis. These findings highlight the cell-autonomous requirement of Atg5 in the survival of adult-generated neurons.
Tumor-suppressive function of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 in glioma cells by downregulation of MMP2 and inactivation of ERK/MAPK signaling
Authors: Han Y , Wu Z , Wu T , Huang Y , Cheng Z , Li X , Sun T , Xie X , Zhou Y , Du Z 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMetastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a type of long noncoding RNA. It is associated with metastasis and is a favorable prognostic factor for lung cancer. Recent studies have shown that MALAT1 plays an important role in other malignancies. But, little is known about the role of MALAT1 in glioma. In this study, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to demonstrate that the expression of MALAT1 was lower than that in normal brain tissues. Stable RNA interference-mediated knockdown of MALAT1 in human glioma cell lines (U87 and U251) significantly promoted the invasion and proliferation of the glioma cells by in vitro assays. Conversely, overexpression of MALAT1 caused significant reduction in cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, and tumorigenicity in both subcutaneous and intracranial human glioma xenograft models. Furthermore, MALAT1-mediated tumor suppression in glioma cells may be via reduction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) signaling activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). In conclusion, overall data demonstrated the tumor-suppressive role of MALAT1 in glioma by attenuating ERK/MAPK-mediated growth and MMP2-mediated invasiveness.
Wireless Cortical Brain-Machine Interface for Whole-Body Navigation in Primates
Authors: Rajangam Sankaranarayani , Tseng Po-He , Yin Allen , Lehew Gary , Schwarz David , Lebedev Mikhail A. , Nicolelis Miguel A. L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSeveral groups have developed brain-machine-interfaces (BMIs) that allow primates to use cortical activity to control artificial limbs. Yet, it remains unknown whether cortical ensembles could represent the kinematics of whole-body navigation and be used to operate a BMI that moves a wheelchair continuously in space. Here we show that rhesus monkeys can learn to navigate a robotic wheelchair, using their cortical activity as the main control signal. Two monkeys were chronically implanted with multichannel microelectrode arrays that allowed wireless recordings from ensembles of premotor and sensorimotor cortical neurons. Initially, while monkeys remained seated in the robotic wheelchair, passive navigation was employed to train a linear decoder to extract 2D wheelchair kinematics from cortical activity. Next, monkeys employed the wireless BMI to translate their cortical activity into the robotic wheelchair’s translational and rotational velocities. Over time, monkeys improved their ability to navigate the wheelchair toward the location of a grape reward. The navigation was enacted by populations of cortical neurons tuned to whole-body displacement. During practice with the apparatus, we also noticed the presence of a cortical representation of the distance to reward location. These results demonstrate that intracranial BMIs could restore whole-body mobility to severely paralyzed patients in the future.
Modulation of MICAL Monooxygenase Activity by its Calponin Homology Domain: Structural and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Alqassim Saif S. , Urquiza Mauricio , Borgnia Eitan , Nagib Marc , Amzel L. Mario , Bianchet Mario A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMICALs (Molecule Interacting with CasL) are conserved multidomain enzymes essential for cytoskeletal reorganization in nerve development, endocytosis, and apoptosis. In these enzymes, a type-2 calponin homology (CH) domain always follows an N-terminal monooxygenase (MO) domain. Although the CH domain is required for MICAL-1 cellular localization and actin-associated function, its contribution to the modulation of MICAL activity towards actin remains unclear. Here, we present the structure of a fragment of MICAL-1 containing the MO and the CH domains—determined by X-ray crystallography and small angle scattering—as well as kinetics experiments designed to probe the contribution of the CH domain to the actin-modification activity. Our results suggest that the CH domain, which is loosely connected to the MO domain by a flexible linker and is far away from the catalytic site, couples F-actin to the enhancement of redox activity of MICALMO-CHby a cooperative mechanism involving atransinteraction between adjacently bound molecules. Binding cooperativity is also observed in other proteins regulating actin assembly/disassembly dynamics, such as ADF/Cofilins.
dFoxO promotes Wingless signaling in Drosophila
Authors: Zhang Shiping , Guo Xiaowei , Chen Changyan , Chen Yujun , Li Jikai , Sun Ying , Wu Chenxi , Yang Yang , Jiang Cizhong , Li Wenzhe , Xue Lei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Wnt/β-catenin signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that regulates a wide range of physiological functions, including embryogenesis, organ maintenance, cell proliferation and cell fate decision. Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been implicated in various cancers, but its role in cell death has not yet been fully elucidated. Here we show that activation of Wg signaling induces cell death in Drosophila eyes and wings, which depends on dFoxO, a transcription factor known to be involved in cell death. In addition, dFoxO is required for ectopic and endogenous Wg signaling to regulate wing patterning. Moreover, dFoxO is necessary for activated Wg signaling-induced target genes expression. Furthermore, Arm is reciprocally required for dFoxO-induced cell death. Finally, dFoxO physically interacts with Arm both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we have characterized a previously unknown role of dFoxO in promoting Wg signaling, and that a dFoxO-Arm complex is likely involved in their mutual functions, e.g. cell death.
Metabolic profiling during ex vivo machine perfusion of the human liver
Authors: Bruinsma Bote G. , Sridharan Gautham V. , Weeder Pepijn D. , Avruch James H. , Saeidi Nima , Özer Sinan , Geerts Sharon , Porte Robert J. , Heger Michal , van Gulik Thomas M. , Martins Paulo N. , Markmann James F. , Yeh Heidi , Uygun Korkut 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAs donor organ shortages persist, functional machine perfusion is under investigation to improve preservation of the donor liver. The transplantation of donation after circulatory death (DCD) livers is limited by poor outcomes, but its application may be expanded by ex vivo repair and assessment of the organ before transplantation. Here we employed subnormothermic (21 °C) machine perfusion of discarded human livers combined with metabolomics to gain insight into metabolic recovery during machine perfusion. Improvements in energetic cofactors and redox shifts were observed, as well as reversal of ischemia-induced alterations in selected pathways, including lactate metabolism and increased TCA cycle intermediates. We next evaluated whether DCD livers with steatotic and severe ischemic injury could be discriminated from ‘transplantable’ DCD livers. Metabolomic profiling was able to cluster livers with similar metabolic patterns based on the degree of injury. Moreover, perfusion parameters combined with differences in metabolic factors suggest variable mechanisms that result in poor energy recovery in injured livers. We conclude that machine perfusion combined with metabolomics has significant potential as a clinical instrument for the assessment of preserved livers.