bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPTIMUM: a protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing Out Patient Talc slurry via Indwelling pleural catheter for Malignant pleural effusion vs Usual inpatient Management
Authors: Sivakumar P , Douiri A , West A , Rao D , Warwick G , Chen T , Ahmed L 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionThe development of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) results in disabling breathlessness, pain and reduced physical capability with treatment a palliative strategy. Ambulatory management of MPE has the potential to improve quality of life (QoL). The OPTIMUM trial is designed to determine whether full outpatient management of MPE with an indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) and pleurodesis improves QoL compared with traditional inpatient care with a chest drain and talc pleurodesis. OPTIMUM is currently open for any centres interested in collaborating in this study.Methods and analysisOPTIMUM is a multicentre non-blinded randomised controlled trial. Patients with a diagnosis of MPE will be identified and screened for eligibility. Consenting participants will be randomised 1:1 either to an outpatient ambulatory pathway using IPCs and talc pleurodesis or standard inpatient treatment with chest drain and talc pleurodesis as per British Thoracic Society guidelines. The primary outcome measure is global health-related QoL at 30 days measured using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Secondary outcome measures include breathlessness and pain measured using a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale and health-related QoL at 60 and 90 days. A sample size of 142 patients is needed to demonstrate a clinically significant difference of 8 points in global health status at 30 days, for an 80% power and a 5% significance level.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the NRES Committee South East Coast—Brighton and Sussex (reference 15/LO/1018). The trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.Trial registration numbersUKCRN19615 andISRCTN15503522; Pre-results.
Symmetrized exponential oscillator
Authors: Znojil Miloslav 
Published: October 2016

Several properties of bound states in potential V(x) = g2 exp[Formula: see text]x[Formula: see text] are studied. Firstly, with the emphasis on the reliability of our arbitrary-precision construction, wave functions are considered in the two alternative (viz. asymptotically decreasing or regular) exact Bessel-function forms which obey the asymptotic or matching conditions, respectively. The merits of the resulting complementary transcendental secular equation approaches are compared and their applicability is discussed.
Hadron diffractive production at ultrahigh energies and shadow effects
Authors: Anisovich V. V. , Matveev M. A. , Nikonov V. A. 
Published: October 2016

Shadow effects at collisions of hadrons with light nuclei at high energies were subject of scientific interest of V.N. Gribov, first, we mean his study of the hadron-deuteron scattering, see Sov. Phys. JETP 29, 483 (1969) [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 56, 892 (1969)] and discovery of the reinforcement of shadowing due to inelastic diffractive rescatterings. It turns out that the similar effect exists on hadron level though at ultrahigh energies. Diffractive production is considered in the ultrahigh energy region where pomeron exchange amplitudes are transformed into black disk ones due to rescattering corrections. The corresponding corrections in hadron reactions [Formula: see text] with small momenta transferred ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) are calculated in terms of the [Formula: see text]-matrix technique modified for ultrahigh energies. Small values of the momenta transferred are crucial for introducing equations for amplitudes. The three-body equation for hadron diffractive production reaction [Formula: see text] is written and solved precisely in the eikonal approach. In the black disk regime final state scattering processes do not change the shapes of amplitudes principally but dump amplitudes by a factor [Formula: see text]; initial state rescatterings result in additional factor [Formula: see text]. In the resonant disk regime initial and final state scatterings damp strongly the production amplitude that corresponds to [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] in this mode.
Electronic and optical properties of AlN under pressure: DFT calculations
Authors: Javaheri Sahar , Boochani Arash , Babaeipour Manuchehr , Naderi Sirvan 
Published: October 2016

Structural, elastic, optical, and electronic properties of wurtzite (WZ), zinc-blende (ZB), and rocksalt (RS) structures of AlN are investigated using the first-principles method and within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). Lattice parameters, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and elastic constants are calculated at zero pressure and compared with other experimental and theoretical results. The wurtzite and zinc-blende structures have a transition to rocksalt phase at the pressures of 12.7 GPa and 14 GPa, respectively. The electronic properties are calculated using both GGA and EV-GGA approximations; the obtained results by EV-GGA approximation are in much better agreement with the available experimental data. The RS phase has the largest bandgap with an amount of 4.98 eV; by increasing pressure, this amount is also increased. The optical properties like dielectric function, energy loss function, refractive index, and extinction coefficient are calculated under pressure using GGA approximation. Inter-band transitions are investigated using the peaks of imaginary part of the dielectric function and these transitions mainly occur from N-2[Formula: see text] to Al-3[Formula: see text] levels. The results show that the RS structure has more different properties than the WZ and ZB structures.
Foot placement relies on state estimation during visually guided walking
Authors: Maeda Rodrigo S. , O'Connor Shawn M. , Donelan J. Maxwell , Marigold Daniel S. 
Published: October 2016

As we walk, we must accurately place our feet to stabilize our motion and to navigate our environment. We must also achieve this accuracy despite imperfect sensory feedback and unexpected disturbances. In this study we tested whether the nervous system uses state estimation to beneficially combine sensory feedback with forward model predictions to compensate for these challenges. Specifically, subjects wore prism lenses during a visually guided walking task, and we used trial-by-trial variation in prism lenses to add uncertainty to visual feedback and induce a reweighting of this input. To expose altered weighting, we added a consistent prism shift that required subjects to adapt their estimate of the visuomotor mapping relationship between a perceived target location and the motor command necessary to step to that position. With added prism noise, subjects responded to the consistent prism shift with smaller initial foot placement error but took longer to adapt, compatible with our mathematical model of the walking task that leverages state estimation to compensate for noise. Much like when we perform voluntary and discrete movements with our arms, it appears our nervous systems uses state estimation during walking to accurately reach our foot to the ground. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Accurate foot placement is essential for safe walking. We used computational models and human walking experiments to test how our nervous system achieves this accuracy. We find that our control of foot placement beneficially combines sensory feedback with internal forward model predictions to accurately estimate the body's state. Our results match recent computational neuroscience findings for reaching movements, suggesting that state estimation is a general mechanism of human motor control.
Results from an Integrated Safety Analysis of Urelumab, an Agonist Anti-CD137 Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Segal Neil H. , Logan Theodore F. , Hodi F. Stephen , McDermott David , Melero Ignacio , Hamid Omid , Schmidt Henrik , Robert Caroline , Chiarion-Sileni Vanna , Ascierto Paolo A. , Maio Michele , Urba Walter J. , Gangadhar Tara C. , Suryawanshi Satyendra , Neely Jaclyn , Jure-Kunkel Maria , Krishnan Suba , Kohrt Holbrook , Sznol Mario , Levy Ronald 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Urelumab is an agonist antibody to CD137 with potential application as an immuno-oncology therapeutic. Data were analyzed to assess safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamic activity of urelumab, including the dose selected for ongoing development in patients with advanced solid tumors and lymphoma.
Experimental Design: A total of 346 patients with advanced cancers who had progressed after standard treatment received at least one dose of urelumab in one of three dose–escalation, monotherapy studies. Urelumab was administered at doses ranging from 0.1 to 15 mg/kg. Safety analyses included treatment-related and serious adverse events (AEs), as well as treatment-related AEs leading to discontinuation and death, with a focus on liver function test abnormalities and hepatic AEs.
Results: Urelumab doses between 1 and 15 mg/kg given every 3 weeks resulted in a higher frequency of treatment-related AEs than 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg every 3 weeks. Dose was the single most important factor contributing to transaminitis development, which was more frequent and severe at doses ≥1 mg/kg. At the MTD of 0.1 mg/kg every 3 weeks, urelumab was relatively well tolerated, with fatigue (16%) and nausea (13%) being the most common treatment-related AEs, and was associated with immunologic and pharmacodynamic activity demonstrated by the induction of IFN-inducible genes and cytokines.
Conclusions: Integrated evaluation of urelumab safety data showed significant transaminitis was strongly associated with doses of ≥1 mg/kg. However, urelumab 0.1 mg/kg every 3 weeks was demonstrated to be safe, with pharmacodynamic activity supporting continued clinical evaluation of this dose as monotherapy and in combination with other immuno-oncology agents. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 1929–36. ©2016 AACR.
A Phase II, Randomized, Open-Label Study of Neoadjuvant Degarelix versus LHRH Agonist in Prostate Cancer Patients Prior to Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Sayyid Rashid K. , Evans Andrew , Hersey Karen , Maloni Ranjena , Hurtado-Coll Antonio , Kulkarni Girish , Finelli Antonio , Zlotta Alexandre R. , Hamilton Robert , Gleave Martin , Fleshner Neil E. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Degarelix, a new gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist with demonstrated efficacy as first-line treatment in the management of high-risk prostate cancer, possesses some theoretical advantages over luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues in terms of avoiding “testosterone flare” and lower follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. We set out to determine whether preoperative degarelix influenced surrogates of disease control in a randomized phase II study.
Experimental Design: Thirty-nine patients were randomly assigned to one of three different neoadjuvant arms: degarelix only, degarelix/bicalutamide, or LHRH agonist/bicalutamide. Treatments were given for 3 months before prostatectomy. Patients had localized prostate cancer and had chosen radical prostatectomy as primary treatment. The primary end point was treatment effect on intratumoral dihydrotestosterone levels.
Results: Intratumoral DHT levels were higher in the degarelix arm than both the degarelix/bicalutamide and LHRH agonist/bicalutamide arms (0.87 ng/g vs. 0.26 ng/g and 0.23 ng/g, P &lt; 0.01). No significant differences existed for other intratumoral androgens, such as testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone. Patients in the degarelix-only arm had higher AMACR levels on immunohistochemical analysis (P = 0.01). Serum FSH levels were lower after 12 weeks of therapy in both degarelix arms than the LHRH agonist/bicalutamide arm (0.55 and 0.65 vs. 3.65, P &lt; 0.01), and inhibin B levels were lower in the degarelix/bicalutamide arm than the LHRH agonist/bicalutamide arm (82.14 vs. 126.67, P = 0.02).
Conclusions: Neoadjuvant degarelix alone, compared with use of LHRH agonist and bicalutamide, is associated with higher levels of intratumoral dihydrotestosterone, despite similar testosterone levels. Further studies that evaluate the mechanisms behind these results are needed. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 1974–80. ©2016 AACR.
Benefits of Multifaceted Chemopreventives in the Suppression of the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Tumorigenic Phenotype
Authors: Mallery Susan R. , Wang Daren , Santiago Brian , Pei Ping , Schwendeman Steven P. , Nieto Kari , Spinney Richard , Tong Meng , Koutras George , Han Brian , Holpuch Andrew , Lang James 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOver one third of patients who have undergone oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) surgical resections develop life-threatening and often untreatable recurrences. A variety of drugs, intended for management of recurrent or disseminated cancers, were designed to exploit cancer cells' reliance upon overexpressed receptors and gratuitous signaling. Despite their conceptual promise, clinical trials showed these agents lacked efficacy and were often toxic. These findings are consistent with evasion of pathway-targeted treatments via extensive signaling redundancies and compensatory mechanisms common to cancers. Optimal secondary OSCC chemoprevention requires long-term efficacy with multifaceted, nontoxic agents. Accordingly, this study evaluated the abilities of three complementary chemopreventives, that is, the vitamin A derivative fenretinide (4-HPR, induces apoptosis and differentiation, inhibits signaling proteins, and invasion), the estrogen metabolite 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME, apoptosis-inducing, antiangiogenic), and the humanized mAb to the IL6R receptor tocilizumab (TOC, reduces IL6 signaling) to suppress OSCC gratuitous signaling and tumorigenesis. Modeling studies demonstrated 4-HPR's high-affinity binding at STAT3′s dimerization site and c-Abl and c-Src ATP-binding kinase sites. Although individual agents suppressed cancer-promoting pathways including STAT3 phosphorylation, STAT3-DNA binding, and production of the trans-signaling enabling sIL6R, maximal chemopreventive effects were observed with agent combinations. OSCC tumor xenograft studies showed that locally delivered TOC, TOC+4-HPR, and TOC+4-HPR+2-ME treatments all prevented significant tumor growth. Notably, the TOC+4-HPR+2-ME treatment resulted in the smallest overall increase in tumor volume. The selected agents use diverse mechanisms to disrupt tumorigenesis at multiple venues, that is, intracellular, tumor cell-ECM, and tumor microenvironment; beneficial qualities for secondary chemopreventives. Cancer Prev Res; 10(1); 76–88. ©2016 AACR.
Sex Differences in the Epidemiology of New-Onset In-Hospital Post–Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Filardo Giovanni , Ailawadi Gorav , Pollock Benjamin D. , da Graca Briget , Sass Danielle M. , Phan Teresa K. , Montenegro Debbie E. , Thourani Vinod , Damiano Ralph 
Published: October 2016

Background—
New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is associated with increased morbidity and poorer long-term survival. Although many studies show differences in outcome in women versus men after CABG, little is known about the sex-specific incidence and characteristics of post-CABG AF.

Methods and Results—

Overall, 11 236 consecutive patients without preoperative AF underwent isolated CABG from 2002 to 2010 at 4 US academic medical centers and 1 high-volume specialty cardiac hospital. Data routinely collected for the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database were augmented with details on new-onset post-CABG AF events detected via continuous in-hospital ECG/telemetry monitoring. Unadjusted incidence of post-CABG AF was 29.5% (3312/11 236) overall, 30.2% (2485/8214) in men, and 27.4% (827/3022) in women. After adjustment for Society of Thoracic Surgeons–recognized risk factors, women had significantly lower risk for post-CABG AF (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]=0.75 [0.64–0.89]), shorter first, longest, and total duration of AF episodes (mean difference [95% confidence interval]=−2.7 [−4.7 to −0.8] hours; −4.1 [−6.9 to −1.2] hours; −2.4 [−2.5 to −2.3] hours, respectively). At 48 hours, AF-free probabilities were 77% for women and 72% for men (
P
<0.001). Number of episodes (
P
=0.18), operative mortality (
P
=0.048), stroke (
P
=0.126), and discharge in AF (
P
=0.234) did not differ significantly by sex.

Conclusions—
These novel data on sex-specific characteristics of new-onset AF after isolated CABG show that women had lower adjusted risk for post-CABG AF and experienced shorter episodes. Investigation of sex-specific impacts on outcomes is needed to identify optimal strategies for prevention and management to ensure all patients achieve the best possible outcomes.
An Association between Auditory–Visual Synchrony Processing and Reading Comprehension: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence
Authors: Mossbridge Julia , Zweig Jacob , Grabowecky Marcia , Suzuki Satoru 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The perceptual system integrates synchronized auditory–visual signals in part to promote individuation of objects in cluttered environments. The processing of auditory–visual synchrony may more generally contribute to cognition by synchronizing internally generated multimodal signals. Reading is a prime example because the ability to synchronize internal phonological and/or lexical processing with visual orthographic processing may facilitate encoding of words and meanings. Consistent with this possibility, developmental and clinical research has suggested a link between reading performance and the ability to compare visual spatial/temporal patterns with auditory temporal patterns. Here, we provide converging behavioral and electrophysiological evidence suggesting that greater behavioral ability to judge auditory–visual synchrony (Experiment 1) and greater sensitivity of an electrophysiological marker of auditory–visual synchrony processing (Experiment 2) both predict superior reading comprehension performance, accounting for 16% and 25% of the variance, respectively. These results support the idea that the mechanisms that detect auditory–visual synchrony contribute to reading comprehension.
Task-linked Diurnal Brain Network Reorganization in Older Adults: A Graph Theoretical Approach
Authors: Anderson John A. E. , Sarraf Saman , Amer Tarek , Bellana Buddhika , Man Vincent , Campbell Karen L. , Hasher Lynn , Grady Cheryl L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTesting older adults in the morning generally improves behavioral performance relative to afternoon testing. Morning testing is also associated with brain activity similar to that of young adults. Here, we used graph theory to explore how time of day (TOD) affects the organization of brain networks in older adults across rest and task states. We used nodes from the automated anatomical labeling atlas to construct participant-specific correlation matrices of fMRI data obtained during 1-back tasks with interference and rest. We computed pairwise group differences for key graph metrics, including small-worldness and modularity. We found that older adults tested in the morning and young adults did not differ on any graph metric. Both of these groups differed from older adults tested in the afternoon during the tasks—but not rest. Specifically, the latter group had lower modularity and small-worldness (indices of more efficient network organization). Across all groups, higher modularity and small-worldness strongly correlated with reduced distractibility on an implicit priming task. Increasingly, TOD is seen as important for interpreting and reproducing neuroimaging results. Our study emphasizes how TOD affects brain network organization and executive control in older adults.
Outcomes following first-episode psychosis – Why we should intervene early in all ages, not only in youth
Authors: Lappin Julia M , Heslin Margaret , Jones Peter B , Doody Gillian A , Reininghaus Ulrich A , Demjaha Arsime , Croudace Timothy , Jamieson-Craig Thomas , Donoghue Kim , Lomas Ben , Fearon Paul , Murray Robin M , Dazzan Paola , Morgan Craig 
Published: October 2016

Objective: To compare baseline demographics and 10-year outcomes of a first-episode psychosis patient incidence cohort in order to establish whether current youth-focussed age-based criteria for early intervention services are justified by patient needs. The patients in this cohort were treated prior to the establishment of early intervention services. The study aimed to test the hypothesis that those who develop psychosis at a younger age have worse outcomes than those who develop psychosis at an older age. Methods: Data on first-episode psychosis patients from the ÆSOP-10 longitudinal follow-up study were used to compare baseline characteristics, and 10-year clinical, functional and service use outcomes between those patients who would and would not have met age-based criteria for early intervention services, in Australia or in the United Kingdom. Results: In total, 58% men and 71% women with first-episode psychosis were too old to meet current Australian-early intervention age-entry criteria (χ2 = 9.1, p = 0.003), while 21% men and 34% women were too old for UK-early intervention age-entry criteria (χ2 = 11.1, p = 0.001). The 10-year clinical and functional outcomes did not differ significantly between groups by either Australian- or UK-early intervention age-entry criteria. Service use was significantly greater among the patients young enough to meet early intervention age-criteria (Australia: incidence rate ratio = 1.35 [1.19, 1.52], p < 0.001; United Kingdom: incidence rate ratio = 1.65 [1.41, 1.93], p < 0.001). Conclusion: Current early intervention services are gender- and age-inequitable. Large numbers of patients with first-episode psychosis will not receive early intervention care under current service provision. Illness outcomes at 10-years were no worse in first-episode psychosis patients who presented within the age range for whom early intervention has been prioritised, though these patients had greater service use. These data provide a rationale to consider extension of early intervention to all, rather than just to youth.