bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman spectroscopy and theoretic study of hyperpolarizability effect in diiodobutenyl‐bis‐thioquinolinium triiodide at low temperature
Authors: Yushina I. D. , Batalov V. I. , Bartashevich E. V. , Davydov A. O. , Zelenovskiy P. S. , Masunov A. E. 
Published: May 2017

Various structural features, such as proton disorder or noncovalent interactions, determine the existence of switchable nonlinear optical properties under varying external conditions. Thus, for the single crystal of diiodobutenyl‐bis‐thioquinolinium triiodide with the bridge hydrogen atom, previously characterized under ambient conditions by C2/c symmetry, we have measured Raman spectra in the temperature range from 298 K down to 113 K. Variations in low‐wavenumber region of Raman spectra at temperatures below 153 K have been attributed to the change of the bridge hydrogen atom position in the [NHN]+ fragment, thus lowering the crystal symmetry from C2/c to Cc. Quantum chemical calculations in the solid state for noncentrosymmetric Cc structure predict high hyperpolarizability and second‐order electric susceptibilities, comparable to those of modern nonlinear optical materials. This indicates the emergence of nonlinear optical properties in the low‐temperature phase of the studied crystal. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy of polystyrene under laser driven shock compression
Authors: Rastogi Vinay , Chaurasia S. , Rao Usha , Sijoy C. D. , Mishra V. , Kumar Manmohan , Chaturvedi S. , Deo M. N. 
Published: May 2017

The microscopic and dynamic response of the atactic polystyrene molecules under shock compression at laser power density of 4.9 GW/cm2 was studied using time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy. The shock pressure estimated in the polystyrene sample was 2 GPa, and the temporal and wavenumber resolutions in these experiments were 3 ns and 3 cm−1, respectively. The shocked polystyrene showed a blue shift of 5 and 7 cm−1 for the 1004 cm−1 (C―C―C ring bending mode ν12) and 1606 cm−1 (C―C ring stretching mode
. , respectively. The changes in ν12 and
modes are observed with respect to shock wave propagation. It is observed that the intensities of the Raman peaks decrease and the FWHM of the modes increase due to formation of additional new peaks with delay. The reason behind this indicates the mechanical processes associated with the uniaxial nature of the shock compression. The shock velocity inside the polystyrene was calculated as 2.9±0.12 km/s using the evolution of intensity ratio of peaks with time. This is in good agreement with the shock velocity (3.0 km/s) deduced from the 2D simulations, performed using three temperature radiation hydrodynamic code, THRD. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Skin reactions after photodynamic therapy are unaffected by 839 nm photobiomodulation therapy: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, clinical trial
Authors: Bay Christiane , Vissing Anne‐Cathrine , Thaysen‐Petersen Daniel , Lerche Catharina Margrethe , Togsverd‐Bo Katrine , Heydenreich Jakob , Haedersdal Merete 
Published: May 2017

Background and ObjectivePhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is associated with erythema and edema. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy may stimulate the skin recovery process. We investigated the potential of PBM to reduce PDT‐induced skin reactions.Study Design and MethodsHealthy volunteers (n = 20) were randomized to receive left‐ or right side PBM (near‐infrared 839/595 nm) or placebo‐PBM (595 nm) on their buttocks. Corresponding test areas were exposed to standardized PDT reactions, using ablative fractional laser‐assisted PDT (AFXL‐PDT) with methyl‐aminolevulinate (MAL) incubated for 30, 90, and 180 minutes before red‐light illumination. Each buttock received PBM and placebo‐PBM for five consecutive days, starting one day before PDT interventions. Follow‐up visits were performed 4 and 11 days after PDT. Outcome measure included blinded, observer‐assessed skin reactions, substantiated by objectively measured erythema and pigment percentages and skin temperatures.ResultsPDT interventions induced a standardized range of erythema and edema in all subjects. Skin reactions were clinically unaffected by PBM throughout the active treatment period and at all subsequent follow‐up visits (PBM vs. placebo‐PBM, P = 1.000). Clinical results were supported by similar erythema intensities and skin temperatures in PBM and placebo‐PBM treated skin: median erythema 28.1% versus 30.3% (AFXL‐PDT with 30 minutes MAL‐incubation), 36.1% versus 35.2% (90 minutes MAL‐incubation) and 39.4% versus 40.9% (180 minutes MAL‐incubation) (Day 4, P > 0.05). No differences in clinical hyperpigmentation or pigment percentages were observed between corresponding test areas in any subject on the final 11‐day follow‐up.ConclusionUnder the current study conditions, PDT‐induced skin reactions were unaffected by PBM. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:810–818, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast computation of full density matrix of multispin systems for spatially localizedin vivomagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Yan , An Li , Shen Jun 
Published: May 2017

PurposeNumerical simulations of three‐dimensionally localizedMRSspectra have been very time consuming for multispin systems because the current state‐of‐the‐art method requires computation of a large ensemble of spins pixel‐by‐pixel in three dimensional space. This paper describes a highly accelerated technique for computing spatially localizedMRSspectra using the full solution to the Liouville–von Neumann equation.MethodsThe time evolution of spatially localized multispin density matrix as the full solution to the Liouville–von Neumann equation was analyzed. A new technique based on one dimensional spatial projection of the full density matrix was proposed. This method was implemented using a computer program written in Java language.ResultsTheMRSspectra calculated using the new method were found to be identical to conventional three‐dimensional simulation for the same digitization of the voxel while the new method reduced computation time by orders of magnitude and led to not only improved speed but also accuracy. Applications of the new method to phantom studies of multispin systems and quantification ofin vivoMRSspectra of brain were demonstrated.ConclusionThe dramatically enhanced computational efficiency makes accurate simulation of localizedMRSspectra highly accessible for calculating basis sets for spectral quantification and for optimizing pulse sequences.
Dental Scratches and Handedness in East Asian Early Pleistocene Hominins
Authors: Xing S. , O'Hara M. , Guatelli‐Steinberg D. , Ge J. , Liu W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe current study aims to characterise dental scratches found on an East Asian hominin upper left central incisor (I1) and lower left lateral incisor (I2) from the Early Pleistocene (Meipu site, Yunxian County), and infer the preference for handedness of these two individuals by quantifying the orientation of dental scratches. The labial surfaces of these two teeth were observed and imaged using light microscopes and/or scanning electron microscope under different magnifications (5–70×). The angle, width and length of each dental scratch was measured and analysed. The dental scratches described and quantified on the labial enamel surface of Meipu I1 and I2 fit the description of cutmarks caused by ‘stuff and cut’ behaviour. Most scratches are oriented in the right oblique direction, averaging 47.11 degrees in I1 and 44.60 degrees in I2. This result indicates preference for the right hand as the dominant one in holding a tool during ‘stuff and cut’ behaviours. This is the earliest reported ‘stuff and cut’ behaviour and inferred right‐handedness in East Asia. It fills a temporal gap between the earliest known example in the African Early Pleistocene (~1.8 Ma) and the next known instance in the European Middle Pleistocene. This is also the first time the ‘stuff and cut’ behaviour and right‐handedness has been reported in a hominin assigned to Homo erectus sensu lato. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lack of transgene and glyphosate effects on yield, and mineral and amino acid content of glyphosate‐resistant soybean
Authors: Duke Stephen O , Rimando Agnes M , Reddy Krishna N , Cizdziel James V , Bellaloui Nacer , Shaw David R , Williams Martin M , Maul Jude E 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere has been controversy as to whether the glyphosate resistance gene and/or glyphosate applied to glyphosate‐resistant (GR) soybean affect the content of cationic minerals (especially Mg, Mn and Fe), yield and amino acid content of GR soybean. A two‐year field study (2013 and 2014) examined these questions at sites in Mississippi, USA.RESULTSThere were no effects of glyphosate, the GR transgene or field crop history (for a field with both no history of glyphosate use versus one with a long history of glyphosate use) on grain yield. Furthermore, these factors had no consistent effects on measured mineral (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Ca, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, Tl, U, V, Zn) content of leaves or harvested seed. Effects on minerals were small and inconsistent between years, treatments and mineral, and appeared to be random false positives. No notable effects on free or protein amino acids of the seed were measured, although glyphosate and its degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), were found in the seed in concentrations consistent with previous studies.CONCLUSIONSNeither glyphosate nor the GR transgene affect the content of the minerals measured in leaves and seed, harvested seed amino acid composition, or yield of GR soybean. Furthermore, soils with a legacy of GR crops have no effects on these parameters in soybean. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Robotic longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy for chronic pancreatitis: Comparison of clinical outcomes and cost to the open approach
Authors: Kirks Russell C. , Lorimer Patrick D. , Fruscione Michael , Cochran Allyson , Baker Erin H. , Iannitti David A. , Vrochides Dionisios , Martinie John B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThis study compares clinical and cost outcomes of robot‐assisted laparoscopic (RAL) and open longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy (LPJ) for chronic pancreatitis.MethodsClinical and cost data were retrospectively compared between open and RAL LPJ performed at a single center from 2008–2015.ResultsTwenty‐six patients underwent LPJ: 19 open and 7 RAL. Two robot‐assisted cases converted to open were included in the open group for analysis. Patients undergoing RAL LPJ had less intraoperative blood loss, a shorter surgical length of stay, and lower medication costs. Operation supply cost was higher in the RAL group. No difference in hospitalization cost was found.ConclusionsVersus the open approach, RAL LPJ performed for chronic pancreatitis shortens hospitalization and reduces medication costs; hospitalization costs are equivalent. A higher operative cost for RAL LPJ is mitigated by a shorter hospitalization. Decreased morbidity and healthcare resource economy support use of the robotic approach for LPJ when appropriate.
Methods for studying the metabolic basis of Drosophila development
Authors: Li Hongde , Tennessen Jason M. 
Published: May 2017

The field of metabolic research has experienced an unexpected renaissance. While this renewed interest in metabolism largely originated in response to the global increase in diabetes and obesity, studies of metabolic regulation now represent the frontier of many biomedical fields. This trend is especially apparent in developmental biology, where metabolism influences processes ranging from stem cell differentiation and tissue growth to sexual maturation and reproduction. In this regard, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a powerful tool for dissecting conserved mechanisms that underlie developmental metabolism, often with a level of detail that is simply not possible in other animals. Here we describe why the fly is an ideal system for exploring the relationship between metabolism and development, and outline a basic experimental strategy for conducting these studies. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e280. doi: 10.1002/wdev.280This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Analysis of Cell, Tissue, and Animal Phenotypes
Polities and nomads: the emergence of the Silk Road exchange in the Tarim Basin region during late prehistory (2000–400 bce)
Authors: Høisæter Tomas Larsen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Silk Road trade network was arguably the most important network of global exchange and interaction prior to the fifteenth century. On the question of how and when it developed, scholars have focused mainly on the role of either the empires dominating the two ends of the trade network or the nomadic empires on the Eurasian steppe. The sedentary people of Central Asia have, however, mostly been neglected. This article traces the development of the city-states of the Tarim Basin in eastern Central Asia, from c. 2000 bce to 400 bce. It argues that the development of the city-states of the Tarim Basin is closely linked to the rise of the ancient Silk Road and that the interaction between the Tarim polities, the nomads of the Eurasian steppe and the Han Empire was the central dynamic in the creation of the ancient Silk Road network in eastern Central Asia.
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia cells devoid of BTKC481S or CXCR4WHIM-like mutations acquire resistance to ibrutinib through upregulation of Bcl-2 and AKT resulting in vulnerability towards venetoclax or MK2206 treatment
Authors: Paulus A , Akhtar S , Yousaf H , Manna A , Paulus S M , Bashir Y , Caulfield T R , Kuranz-Blake M , Chitta K , Wang X , Asmann Y , Hudec R , Springer W , Ailawadhi S , Chanan-Khan A 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlthough ibrutinib is highly effective in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM), no complete remissions in WM patients treated with ibrutinib have been reported to date. Moreover, ibrutinib-resistant disease is being steadily reported and is associated with dismal clinical outcome (overall survival of 2.9–3.1 months). To understand mechanisms of ibrutinib resistance in WM, we established ibrutinib-resistant in vitro models using validated WM cell lines. Characterization of these models revealed the absence of BTKC481S and CXCR4WHIM-like mutations. BTK-mediated signaling was found to be highly attenuated accompanied by a shift in PI3K/AKT and apoptosis regulation-associated genes/proteins. Cytotoxicity studies using the AKT inhibitor, MK2206±ibrutinib, and the Bcl-2-specific inhibitor, venetoclax±ibrutinib, demonstrated synergistic loss of cell viability when either MK22016 or venetoclax were used in combination with ibrutinib. Our findings demonstrate that induction of ibrutinib resistance in WM cells can arise independent of BTKC481S and CXCR4WHIM-like mutations and sustained pressure from ibrutinib appears to activate compensatory AKT signaling as well as reshuffling of Bcl-2 family proteins for maintenance of cell survival. Combination treatment demonstrated greater (and synergistic) antitumor effect and provides rationale for development of therapeutic strategies encompassing venetoclax+ibrutinib or PI3K/AKT inhibitors+ibrutinib in ibrutinib-resistant WM.
Transcriptomic and microRNAomic profiling reveals multi-faceted mechanisms to cope with phosphate stress in a dinoflagellate
Authors: Shi Xinguo , Lin Xin , Li Ling , Li Meizhen , Palenik Brian , Lin Senjie 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Although gene regulation can occur at both transcriptional and epigenetic (microRNA) levels, combined transcriptomic and microRNAomic responses to environmental stress are still largely unexplored for marine plankton. Here, we conducted transcriptome and microRNAome sequencing for Prorocentrum donghaiense to understand the molecular mechanisms by which this dinoflagellate copes with phosphorus (P) deficiency. Under P-depleted conditions, G1/S specific cyclin gene was markedly downregulated, consistent with growth inhibition, and genes related to dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) hydrolysis, carbon fixation, nitrate assimilation, glycolysis, and cellular motility were upregulated. The elevated expression of ATP-generating genes (for example, rhodopsin) and ATP-consuming genes suggests some metabolic reconfiguration towards accelerated ATP recycling under P deficiency. MicroRNAome sequencing revealed 17 microRNAs, potentially regulating 3268 protein-coding genes. Functional enrichment analysis of these microRNA-targeted genes predicted decreases in sulfatide (sulfolipid) catabolism under P deficiency. Strikingly, we detected a significant increase in sulfolipid sulfatide content (but not in sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol content) and its biosynthesis gene expression, indicating a different sulfolipid-substituting-phospholipid mechanism in this dinoflagellate than other phytoplankters studied previously. Taken together, our integrative transcriptomic and microRNAomic analyses show that enhanced DOP utilization, accelerated ATP cycling and repressed sulfolipid degradation constitute a comprehensive strategy to cope with P deficiency in a model dinoflagellate.
Scalable focused ion beam creation of nearly lifetime-limited single quantum emitters in diamond nanostructures
Authors: Schröder Tim , Trusheim Matthew E. , Walsh Michael , Li Luozhou , Zheng Jiabao , Schukraft Marco , Sipahigil Alp , Evans Ruffin E. , Sukachev Denis D. , Nguyen Christian T. , Pacheco Jose L. , Camacho Ryan M. , Bielejec Edward S. , Lukin Mikhail D. , Englund Dirk 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe controlled creation of defect centre—nanocavity systems is one of the outstanding challenges for efficiently interfacing spin quantum memories with photons for photon-based entanglement operations in a quantum network. Here we demonstrate direct, maskless creation of atom-like single silicon vacancy (SiV) centres in diamond nanostructures via focused ion beam implantation with ∼32 nm lateral precision and <50 nm positioning accuracy relative to a nanocavity. We determine the Si+ ion to SiV centre conversion yield to be ∼2.5% and observe a 10-fold conversion yield increase by additional electron irradiation. Low-temperature spectroscopy reveals inhomogeneously broadened ensemble emission linewidths of ∼51 GHz and close to lifetime-limited single-emitter transition linewidths down to 126±13 MHz corresponding to ∼1.4 times the natural linewidth. This method for the targeted generation of nearly transform-limited quantum emitters should facilitate the development of scalable solid-state quantum information processors.
Finding multiple reaction pathways via global optimization of action
Authors: Lee Juyong , Lee In-Ho , Joung InSuk , Lee Jooyoung , Brooks Bernard R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGlobal searching for reaction pathways is a long-standing challenge in computational chemistry and biology. Most existing approaches perform only local searches due to computational complexity. Here we present a computational approach, Action-CSA, to find multiple diverse reaction pathways connecting fixed initial and final states through global optimization of the Onsager–Machlup action using the conformational space annealing (CSA) method. Action-CSA successfully overcomes large energy barriers via crossovers and mutations of pathways and finds all possible pathways of small systems without initial guesses on pathways. The rank order and the transition time distribution of multiple pathways are in good agreement with those of long Langevin dynamics simulations. The lowest action folding pathway of FSD-1 is consistent with recent experiments. The results show that Action-CSA is an efficient and robust computational approach to study the multiple pathways of complex reactions and large-scale conformational changes.
Highly indistinguishable and strongly entangled photons from symmetric GaAs quantum dots
Authors: Huber Daniel , Reindl Marcus , Huo Yongheng , Huang Huiying , Wildmann Johannes S. , Schmidt Oliver G. , Rastelli Armando , Trotta Rinaldo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe development of scalable sources of non-classical light is fundamental to unlocking the technological potential of quantum photonics. Semiconductor quantum dots are emerging as near-optimal sources of indistinguishable single photons. However, their performance as sources of entangled-photon pairs are still modest compared to parametric down converters. Photons emitted from conventional Stranski–Krastanov InGaAs quantum dots have shown non-optimal levels of entanglement and indistinguishability. For quantum networks, both criteria must be met simultaneously. Here, we show that this is possible with a system that has received limited attention so far: GaAs quantum dots. They can emit triggered polarization-entangled photons with high purity (g(2)(0) = 0.002±0.002), high indistinguishability (0.93±0.07 for 2 ns pulse separation) and high entanglement fidelity (0.94±0.01). Our results show that GaAs might be the material of choice for quantum-dot entanglement sources in future quantum technologies.
Ultrafast coherence transfer in DNA-templated silver nanoclusters
Authors: Thyrhaug Erling , Bogh Sidsel Ammitzbøll , Carro-Temboury Miguel R , Madsen Charlotte Stahl , Vosch Tom , Zigmantas Donatas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDNA-templated silver nanoclusters of a few tens of atoms or less have come into prominence over the last several years due to very strong absorption and efficient emission. Applications in microscopy and sensing have already been realized, however little is known about the excited-state structure and dynamics in these clusters. Here we report on a multidimensional spectroscopy investigation of the energy-level structure and the early-time relaxation cascade, which eventually results in the population of an emitting state. We find that the ultrafast intramolecular relaxation is strongly coupled to a specific vibrational mode, resulting in the concerted transfer of population and coherence between excited states on a sub-100 fs timescale.
Whole genome sequencing and imputation in isolated populations identify genetic associations with medically-relevant complex traits
Authors: Southam Lorraine , Gilly Arthur , Süveges Dániel , Farmaki Aliki-Eleni , Schwartzentruber Jeremy , Tachmazidou Ioanna , Matchan Angela , Rayner Nigel W. , Tsafantakis Emmanouil , Karaleftheri Maria , Xue Yali , Dedoussis George , Zeggini Eleftheria 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNext-generation association studies can be empowered by sequence-based imputation and by studying founder populations. Here we report ∼9.5 million variants from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a Cretan-isolated population, and show enrichment of rare and low-frequency variants with predicted functional consequences. We use a WGS-based imputation approach utilizing 10,422 reference haplotypes to perform genome-wide association analyses and observe 17 genome-wide significant, independent signals, including replicating evidence for association at eight novel low-frequency variant signals. Two novel cardiometabolic associations are at lead variants unique to the founder population sequences: chr16:70790626 (high-density lipoprotein levels beta −1.71 (SE 0.25), P=1.57 × 10−11, effect allele frequency (EAF) 0.006); and rs145556679 (triglycerides levels beta −1.13 (SE 0.17), P=2.53 × 10−11, EAF 0.013). Our findings add empirical support to the contribution of low-frequency variants in complex traits, demonstrate the advantage of including population-specific sequences in imputation panels and exemplify the power gains afforded by population isolates.