bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mixed satellite TV channel transmission scheme to enhance frequency bandwidth utilization
Authors: Lai Junyu , Zhao Jie , Zhang Wei , He Ci , Zhang Yasheng 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIn the recent past, television (TV) industry has started to provide users with ultra high definition (ultra‐HD) and/or 3‐dimensional TV programs, which on the one hand, can bring users greatly enhanced viewing experience, while on the other hand, considerably increases the transmission bandwidth requirements and may lead to bandwidth shortage situations in many different types of TV systems. In particular, this bandwidth shortage poses a serious challenge in the current satellite TV broadcasting systems because of the strictly limited bandwidth available in C and Ku frequency bands. Aiming at mitigating the bandwidth shortage problem, this paper proposes an innovative mixed channel transmission scheme for the next generation satellite TV systems. The proposed scheme integrates the merits of using both broadcast and multicast methods, both Ku and Ka frequency bands, as well as both wide‐shaped and spot antenna beam types. According to the conducted comprehensive simulation experiments, this mixed scheme is able to effectively enhance the frequency bandwidth utilization with still providing users affordable quality of experience. Moreover, to cope with the impact brought by ever increasing number of provided TV channels, this paper enhances the proposed scheme by using multicast method to transmit those least popular global channels, which can efficiently reduce the quality of experience degradation up to 90% in Ku‐ and Ka‐band frequency resource restricted scenarios.
Diabetes as a risk factor for acute coronary syndrome in women compared with men: a meta‐analysis, including 10 856 279 individuals and 106 703 acute coronary syndrome events
Authors: Dong Xue , Cai Rongrong , Sun Jie , Huang Rong , Wang Pin , Sun Haixia , Tian Sai , Wang Shaohua 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a significant cause of death and disability worldwide and is a strong risk factor for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Whether diabetes confers the same excess risk of ACS in both sexes is unknown. Therefore, we undertook a meta‐analysis to estimate the relative risk (RR) for ACS associated with diabetes in men and women.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for both case‐control and cohort studies published between January 1, 1966, and January 1, 2015. Studies were included if they reported sex‐specific estimates of the RR, hazard ratio, or odds ratio for the association between diabetes and ACS. We pooled the sex‐specific RR and the ratio between women and men using a random‐effect model with inverse‐variance weighting.ResultsWe included 9 case‐control and 10 cohort studies with data for 10 856 279 individuals and at least 106 703 fatal and nonfatal ACS events. The pooled maximum‐adjusted RR of ACS associated with diabetes was 2.46 (95% CI, 1.92‐3.17) in women and 1.68 (95% CI, 1.39‐2.04) in men. In patients with diabetes compared with those without diabetes, women had a significantly greater risk of ACS—the pooled women‐to‐men RR and the ratio of relative risks was 1.38 (95% CI, 1.25‐1.52; P < .001), with no evidence of publication bias.ConclusionsThe excess risk of ACS associated with diabetes is significantly higher in women than in men. This finding may be explained by more adverse cardiovascular risk profiles and suggests that further work is needed to clarify the relevant biological, behavioural, and social mechanisms.
Classification of childhood onset eating disorders: A latent class analysis
Authors: Pinhas Leora , Nicholls Dasha , Crosby Ross D. , Morris Anne , Lynn Richard M. , Madden Sloane 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that latent class analysis (LCA) would successfully classify eating disorder (ED) symptoms in children into categories that mapped onto DSM‐5 diagnoses and that these categories would be consistent across countries. Childhood onset ED cases were ascertained through prospective active surveillance by the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program, and the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit for 36, 24, and 14 months, respectively. Pediatricians and child psychiatrists reported symptoms of any child aged ≤ 12 years with a newly diagnosed restrictive ED. Descriptive analyses and LCA were performed separately for all three countries and compared. Four hundred and thirty‐six children were included in the analysis (Australia n = 70; Canada n = 160; United Kingdom n = 206). In each country, LCA revealed two distinct clusters, both of which presented with food avoidance. Cluster 1 (75%, 71%, 66% of the Australian, Canadian, and United Kingdom populations, respectively) presented with symptoms of greater weight preoccupation, fear of being fat, body image distortion, and over exercising, while Cluster 2 did not (all p < .05). Cluster 1 was older, had greater mean weight loss and was more likely to have been admitted to an inpatient unit and have unstable vital signs (all p < .01). Cluster 2 was more likely to present with a comorbid psychiatric disorder (p < .01). Clusters 1 and 2 closely resembled the DSM‐5 criteria for anorexia nervosa and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, respectively. Symptomatology and distribution were remarkably similar among countries, which lends support to two separate and distinct restrictive ED diagnoses.
Responses of holocyclic and anholocyclic Rhopalosiphum padi populations to low‐temperature and short‐photoperiod induction
Authors: Peng Xiong , Qiao Xianfeng , Chen Maohua 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe different life cycles of aphid species make these organisms good models for studying the short‐term consequences of sex. The bird cherry‐oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi has a wide geographic distribution and correspondingly different life cycles. In this study, the life cycles of R. padi collected from six different regions in China were characterized experimentally by comparing the responses of holocyclic and anholocyclic populations to low‐temperature and short‐photoperiod induction. Clones collected from Chuzhou, Taian, and Taigu consistently reproduced via obligate parthenogenesis, whereas clones from Hami and Baicheng were holocyclic in their response, and those from Lanzhou were both holocyclic and anholocyclic. Prolonged exposure to low temperature and a short photoperiod (LS) had negative effects on the offspring of anholocyclic aphids with regard to adult lifespan, total longevity, and fecundity compared with aphids maintained at a normal temperature and a long photoperiod (NL). Holocyclic LS R. padi had longer developmental times at all nymph stages, a shorter adult lifespan, shorter total longevity, and a lower fecundity than NL counterparts. The adult prereproduction period of gynoparae was significantly longer than that of virginoparae, and the total longevity of gynoparae was significantly shorter than that of virginoparae. Moreover, the net reproductive and gross reproduction rates, as well as the total fecundity, were roughly fivefold higher in virginoparae than in gynoparae, indicating that there is the short‐term cost of sex. When maintained on their secondary host (Triticum aestivum), gynoparae, males, and oviparae produced by holocyclic populations could survive, and gynoparae produced oviparae. However, under NL conditions, oviparae could not produce overwintering eggs on the secondary host, whereas a few overwintering eggs were generated by oviparae under LS conditions. Taken together, these results illuminate the complexity of insect responses and contribute to a complete understanding of the aphid life cycle and its evolution.
Restoration of the iconic Pando aspen clone: emerging evidence of recovery
Authors: Rogers Paul C. , Gale Jody A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractQuaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is being stressed across the America West from a variety of sources including drought, herbivory, fire suppression, development, and past management practices. Rich assemblages of plants and animals that utilize aspen forests, as well as economic values of tourism, grazing, hunting, and water conservation, make aspen ecosystems among the most valuable vegetation types in this region. The 43‐ha Pando clone near Fish Lake, Utah, is an iconic example of an aspen community undergoing rapid decline due to overstory mortality and chronic recruitment failure. As part of a larger project to restore Pando, we fenced, treated, and monitored a portion of this famous grove with the intent of documenting regeneration responses and using such practices at larger scales. Twenty‐seven randomly stratified monitoring plots were placed across this landscape in order to better understand herbivory and regeneration responses to distinct treatment categories: protected and unprotected, and passive (fenced only) and active (burning, shrub removal, selective overstory cutting) treatments. At each site, we measured basal area and mortality on mature trees, made counts of juvenile and intermediate suckers, documented browse levels and herbivore scat presence, and characterized environmental conditions in terms of aspen and common juniper cover, treatment type, elevation, slope, and aspect. Our results confirmed a positive regeneration response to browsing cessation after fencing, whereas non‐fenced areas showed no improvement. Within the fence, there was a significantly better response of active treatment vs. passive and there was no significant difference between treatment types in terms of level of regeneration. Both active and passive management produced regeneration levels that were sufficient to replace dying canopy trees if managers continue to protect suckers until they exceed the reach of browsers. These results support a growing body of research suggesting managers need to invest in continuous protection from herbivory in stable aspen forests, as well as targeting additional post‐treatment protection, to ensure adequate regeneration. We examine ramifications of these results for broader restoration purposes in the remainder of Pando, as well as other aspen communities regionally, with the ultimate goal of restoring ecological process toward greater ecosystem resilience.
Acupuncture and electro‐acupuncture for people diagnosed with subacromial pain syndrome: A multicentre randomized trial
Authors: Lewis J. , Sim J. , Barlas P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders have been identified globally as the second most common healthcare problem for ‘years lived with disability’, and of these shoulder conditions are amongst the most common, frequently associated with substantial pain and morbidity. Exercise and acupuncture are often provided as initial treatments for musculoskeletal shoulder conditions but their clinical effectiveness is uncertain. This study compared group exercise with group exercise plus either acupuncture or electro‐acupuncture in patients with subacromial pain syndrome.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty‐seven participants were recruited to a three‐arm parallel‐group randomized clinical trial. The primary outcome measure was the Oxford Shoulder Score. Follow‐up was post treatment, and at 6 and 12 months. Between‐group differences (two comparisons: the exercise group versus each of the acupuncture groups) were analysed at 6 months. A similar comparison across all follow‐up time points was also conducted. Data were analysed on intention‐to‐treat principles with imputation of missing values.ResultsTreatment groups were similar at baseline, and all treatment groups demonstrated an improvement over time. Between‐group estimates at 6 months were, however, small and non‐significant, for both of the comparisons. The analyses across all follow‐up time points yielded similar conclusions. There was a high rate of missing values (22% for the Oxford Shoulder Score). A sensitivity analysis using complete data gave similar conclusions to the analysis with missing values imputed.ConclusionsIn the current investigation, neither acupuncture nor electro‐acupuncture were found to be more beneficial than exercise alone in the treatment of subacromial pain syndrome. These findings may support clinicians with treatment planning.SignificanceShoulder pain is common and associated with substantial morbidity. Acupuncture is a popular treatment for shoulder pain. The findings suggest that acupuncture and electro‐acupuncture offer no additional benefit over exercise in the treatment of shoulder pain of musculoskeletal origin.
The prevalence and impact of chronic neuropathic pain on daily and social life: A nationwide study in a Japanese population
Authors: Inoue S. , Taguchi T. , Yamashita T. , Nakamura M. , Ushida T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThis study marks the first epidemiological evaluation of the prevalence and burden of chronic neuropathic pain (NeP) in an Asian population. The objective of this nationwide cross‐sectional study was to identify the characteristics of individuals with NeP, detect the NeP features that affect their quality of life (QOL), and demonstrate the negative effects of NeP on social and daily living as well as comorbidities including depression, anxiety and sleep disorders.MethodsWe mailed a cross‐sectional, population‐based epidemiological survey to a random nationwide sample of 10,000 Japanese adults over 20 years old.ResultsThe response rate was 54.4% (2445 men, 2992 women; mean age, 53.4 years). Prevalence of chronic pain was 16.6%, and prevalence of NeP was 3.2% as detected by the PainDETECT. Participants with NeP showed significantly lower quality of life according to scores on the EuroQol‐5 Dimensions scale (p < 0.001), higher levels of psychological distress on the Kessler 6‐item psychological distress scale (p < 0.001), poorer sleep quality (p < 0.001), and more workdays lost (p < 0.001) than did participants without NeP. Linear regression modelling showed that widespread pain, thermal hyperalgesia and pressure‐induced pain had strong associations with lower QOL, with regression coefficients of −0.046 (p < 0.001), −0.038 (p < 0.001), and −0.040 (p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsThis study is the first to report the prevalence of NeP in an Asian population using a validated questionnaire. This study provides compelling evidence that chronic NeP is more strongly associated with poorer QOL, mental health and social well‐being than CP without a neuropathic component.SignificanceThis population‐based nationwide epidemiological study revealed the prevalence, characteristics, and negative effects of chronic pain with neuropathic components in Asian society. The prevalence of neuropathic pain was 3.2% with PainDETECT.
Measuring expectation of pain: Contingent negative variation in placebo and nocebo effects
Authors: Piedimonte A. , Guerra G. , Vighetti S. , Carlino E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundExpectation is an important mechanism underlying placebo response. Here, we analysed expectation of placebo hypoalgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia by using, for the first time, the contingent negative variation (CNV), also known as expectancy wave.MethodsSubjects were presented a green or red cue followed by a train of either non painful or painful electrical stimuli, and expected hypoalgesia after the green and hyperalgesia after the red cue. In experiment 1, expectation was reinforced using a conditioning procedure whereby the green and red cues were paired with non painful and painful stimuli, respectively (acquisition). In a second session (test) the intensity of the stimuli was kept constant, regardless of cue. In experiment 2 no conditioning was performed and participants expected an altered pain perception indicated by the visual cues. CNV mean amplitude, time necessary to stop the train of stimuli (reaction time) and pain ratings were measured.ResultsA difference in pain perception occurred when electrical stimuli followed the presentation of the green cue compared to the red in the test session, whereas reaction times showed no changes. The same difference occurred in the early CNV component, related to cognitive stimulus anticipation, whereas the late CNV component, related to motor preparation, did not change. Moreover, these differences in pain perception and CNV amplitude were less robust in the experiment 2.ConclusionPlacebo hypoalgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia differently affect sensory (pain perception) and motor components (pain avoidance) of pain. Furthermore, CNV is an electrophysiological objective measure capable of dissecting these components.SignificanceDissection of placebo hypoalgesia, differentiating the sensory component (pain perception) from the motor component (pain avoidance). Study of these components using the contingent negative variation (CNV) as an electrophysiological objective measure.
Electrochemical Quantitative Analysis of Nucleic Acids Using β‐Cyclodextrin Modified Gold Electrode
Authors: Lee Sun Hyeok , Lee Soo Suk 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe present an electrochemical biosensor for the analysis of nucleic acids upon hybridization on the β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD)‐modified gold electrode. The strategy is based on the following: The 5’‐ferrocene‐labeled single stranded capture probe DNA (5’‐fc‐ss‐DNA) was incorporated into the cavity of thiolated β‐CD which was immobilized on the surface of gold electrode. After hybridization of complementary target DNA, hybridized double stranded DNA (ds‐DNA) was released from the cavity of β‐CD. The difference of electrochemical properties on the modified gold electrode was characterized by cyclic voltametry and surface plasmon resonance. We successfully applied this method to the investigation of the sensor responses due to hybridization on various concentrations of applied target DNA. As a result, the label‐free electrochemical DNA sensor can detect the target DNA with a detection limit of 1.08 nM. Finally, our method does not require either hybridization indicators or other signalling molecules such as DNA intercalaters which most of electrochemical hybridization detection systems require.
A Gold Nanoparticles–Enhanced Carbon Nanotubes Electrochemical Chiral Sensor
Authors: Chen Lisha , Liu Shuai , Chang Fengxia , Xie Xia , Zhu Zhiwei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe field of enantioselective recognition directly using inherently chiral single‐walled carbon nanotubes (cSWCNTs) still remains unexplored. Herein, the insertion of size‐controlled gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to cSWCNTs brings about superior conductivity, high stability, and excellent electrocatalytic ability, thus an enhanced sensitivity for chiral sensing. The practicability of the GNPs/cSWCNTs based electrochemical sensor was validated by chirally recognizing 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine and tyrosine as model molecules.
Affinity capillary electrophoresis and quantum mechanical calculations applied to investigation of [Gly6]‐antamanide binding with sodium and potassium ions
Authors: Pangavhane Sachin , Böhm Stanislav , Makrlík Emanuel , Ruzza Paolo , Kašička Václav 
Published: January 2017

ACE in a free solution and quantum mechanical density functional theory have been applied to the investigation of interactions of glycine‐6‐antamanide ([Gly6]AA), a synthetic derivative of cyclic decapeptide antamanide isolated from the highly poisonous mushroom Amanita phalloides, with sodium or potassium ions in methanol. First, from the dependence of effective electrophoretic mobility of [Gly6]AA on Na+ or K+ ions concentration in the BGE (methanolic solution of 20 mM chloroacetic acid, 10 mM Tris, pHMeOH 7.8, containing 0–50 mM NaCl or 0–40 mM KCl), the apparent binding (stability) constants of [Gly6]AA‐Na+ and [Gly6]AA‐K+ complexes were evaluated as 26 ± 1 and 14 ± 1 L/mol, respectively. The employed ACE method included correction of the effective mobilities measured at ambient temperature and at variable ionic strength of the BGEs to the mobilities related to the reference temperature 25°C and to the constant ionic strength 10 mM. Second, the interaction energies of the [Gly6]AA‐Na+ and [Gly6]AA‐K+ complexes (−466.3 and −345.2 kJ/mol, respectively) and the structural details of these complexes, such as position of the Na+ and K+ ions in the cavity of the [Gly6]AA molecule and the interatomic distances within these complexes, were determined by the density functional theory calculations.
Improved evaluation of inelastic displacement demands for short‐period masonry structures
Authors: Guerrini Gabriele , Graziotti Francesco , Penna Andrea , Magenes Guido 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis work discusses the simplified estimation of earthquake‐induced nonlinear displacement demands as required by nonlinear static procedures, with particular attention on short‐period masonry structures. The study focuses on systems with fundamental periods between 0.1 and 0.5 s, for which inelastic amplification of the elastic displacement demand is more pronounced; hysteretic force‐displacement relationships characteristic of masonry structures are adopted, because these structures are more commonly found within the considered period range. Referring to the results of nonlinear dynamic analyses of single‐degree‐of‐freedom oscillators, some limitations of the Eurocode 8 and Italian Building Code formulations are first discussed, then an improved equation is calibrated that relates inelastic and elastic displacement demands. Numerical values of the equation parameters are obtained, considering the amount of hysteretic energy dissipation associated with various damage mechanisms observed in masonry structures. Safety factors are also calculated to determine several percentiles of the displacement demand. It is shown that the proposed equation can be extended to more dissipative systems. Finally, the same formulation is adapted to the estimation of seismic displacements when elastic analysis procedures are employed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.