bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of red mud waste filler on mechanical and thermal properties of amine functional aniline furfuraldehyde condensate (AFAFFC) modified epoxy composite
Authors: Samanta B.C. , Maity T. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to evaluate the concentration effect of red mud waste filler on mechanical and thermal properties of amine functional aniline furfuraldehyde condensate (AFAFFC) modified epoxy composite along with the optimum result of modified epoxy.

Design/methodology/approach
For effective toughening, different compositions were made by adding various concentration of AFAFFC to epoxy. The concentration of 2, 5 and 10 parts per hundred parts of epoxy resin of aluminium silicate-based pristine red mud waste was incorporated into the each modified epoxy matrix. These filled modified matrixes were cured with ambient temperature curing agent triethylene tetramine and evaluated with respect to their impact, tensile and flexural strengths. The morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis. The thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis was also reported.

Findings
The modification of epoxy resin using AFAFFC and filler showed significant enhancement of mechanical strength over unmodified epoxy. The increase depends on the concentration of the modifier and filler. The reason behind this is that in the initial stage of curing, the AFAFFC are miscible with the epoxy and form a homogeneous solution. This good mixing promotes the chemical reaction and network formation. During the curing process, as the molecular weight increases, the component separates with in the reaction medium to form a second dispersed phase.

Research Limitations/implications
The present paper discussed the effect of only one type of modifier, i.e. AFAFFC, and one filler, i.e. red mud waste filler effect. Besides these by changing the amine and aldehyde, other modifiers could be synthesised and the efficiency of modification of epoxy resin using these modifiers and other filler besides red mud waste such as paddy husk, bamboo dust, etc., could also be studied.

Originality/value
The present study regarding the concentration effect of modifier and filler was novel, and AFAFFC modified filled epoxy could be used in the field of coating, casting, adhesives, potting and encapsulation of semiconductor devices.
Clozapine administration in clinical practice: once‐daily versus divided dosing
Authors: Takeuchi H. , Powell V. , Geisler S. , DeSanti M. , Fervaha G. , Agid O. , Kane J. M. , Remington G. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveWhile it is recommended that clozapine be administered in a divided dosing regimen, it is unclear whether this recommendation is followed in real‐world clinical practice. In two large datasets, we examined clozapine dosing frequency and patient characteristics across different dosing regimens.MethodWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey, collecting data on patients receiving clozapine in August/September 2015 from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in Toronto, Canada, and The Zucker Hillside Hospital (ZHH) in New York, United States.ResultsOf 676 and 308 patients included in CAMH and ZHH datasets, clozapine was prescribed once daily in 75.1% and 74.4%, even though doses exceeding 200 mg/day were administered in 88.6% and 84.4% of the respective samples. No significant difference was found in the rates of positive symptom remission between once‐daily vs. divided dosing (79.7% vs. 80.5%, P = 1.00). Higher clozapine dose and use of anticholinergic medications were significantly associated with divided dosing in both datasets. Older age or male gender was related to divided dosing in CAMH or ZHH dataset respectively.ConclusionDespite the product monograph recommendation, clozapine is frequently prescribed once daily in North America. Further studies are needed to compare clinical outcomes between once‐daily vs. divided clozapine dosing.
Laboratory diagnosis of thalassemia
Authors: Brancaleoni V. , Di Pierro E. , Motta I. , Cappellini M. D. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe thalassemias can be defined as α‐ or β‐thalassemias depending on the defective globin chain and on the underlying molecular defects. The recognition of carriers is possible by hematological tests. Both α‐ and β‐thalassemia carriers (heterozygotes) present with microcytic hypochromic parameters with or without mild anemia. Red cell indices and morphology followed by separation and measurement of Hb fractions are the basis for identification of carriers. In addition, iron status should be ascertained by ferritin or zinc protoporphyrin measurements and the iron/total iron‐binding capacity/saturation index. Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin are markedly reduced (mean corpuscular volume: 60–70 fl; MCH: 19–23 pg) in β‐thalassemia carriers, whereas a slight to relevant reduction is usually observed in α‐carriers. HbA2 determination is the most decisive test for β‐carrier detection although it can be disturbed by the presence of δ‐thalassemia defects. In α‐thalassemia, HbA2 can be lower than normal and it assumes significant value when iron deficiency is excluded. Several algorithms have been introduced to discriminate from thalassemia carriers and subjects with iron‐deficient anemia; because the only discriminating parameter is the red cell counts, these formulas must be used consciously. Molecular analysis is not required to confirm the diagnosis of β‐carrier, but it is necessary to confirm the α‐thalassemia carrier status. The molecular diagnosis is essential to predict severe transfusion‐dependent and intermediate‐to‐mild non‐transfusion‐dependent cases. DNA analysis on chorionic villi is the approach for prenatal diagnosis and the methods are the same used for mutations detection, according to the laboratory facilities and expertise.
RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT AND AIR PATRONAGE IN CHINA, 1993–2012: IMPLICATIONS FOR LOW‐CARBON TRANSPORT
Authors: Li Linna , Loo Becky P.Y. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis study examines the interrelationship between railway development and air patronage in China from 1993 to 2012 by type of railway development and city pair distance. Two types of railway development are considered: railway extension and an increase in railway speed. Results of the panel data regression analysis show that railway development is associated with a reduction on air transport. However, the association between railway extension and air patronage is only significant for short‐ and medium‐haul city pairs but not for long‐haul ones, whereas the association between railway acceleration and air patronage is only significant for short‐haul city pairs. Nevertheless, the potential effect of railway development on the reduction of carbon emissions in China through a modal shift is relatively sizeable, with an approximately 6.9 percent net reduction (2.83 million tons) of the total carbon emissions from air and rail transport in 2010.
Structural and electronic characteristics of intercalated monopotassium–rubrene: Simulation on a commodity computing cluster
Authors: Li Tsung-Lung , Lu Wen-Cai 
Published: May 2016

The structural and electronic characteristics of the intercalated monopotassium–rubrene (K1Rub) are studied. In the intercalated K1Rub, one of the two pairs of phenyl groups of rubrene is intercalated by potassium, whereas the other pair remains pristine. This structural feature facilitates the comparison of the electronic structures of the intercalated and pristine pairs of phenyl groups. It is found that, in contrast to potassium adsorption to rubrene, the potassium intercalation promotes the carbon [Formula: see text] orbitals of the intercalated pair of phenyls to participate in the electronic structures of HOMO. Additionally, this intercalated K1Rub is used as a testing vehicle to study the performance of a commodity computing cluster built to run the General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System (GAMESS) simulation package. It is shown that, for many frequently encountered simulation tasks, the performance of the commodity computing cluster is comparable with a massive computing cluster. The high performance-cost-ratio of the computing clusters constructed with commodity hardware suggests a feasible alternative for research institutes to establish their computing facilities.
Is It Time for Quadruple Therapy to be First Line?
Authors: Laine Loren 
Published: May 2016

The most commonly used regimen for Helicobacter pylori therapy at
present is twice‐daily proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐based triple therapy.
Bismuth‐based therapy is the next most common treatment used
by gastroenterologists. When a PPI is combined with bismuth‐based
triple therapy (quadruple therapy), eradication rates are increased as
compared with the triple therapy alone. Three separate randomized
trials from three continents that compare quadruple therapy and PPIbased
triple therapy revealed remarkably similar results. Eradication
rates with PPI‐based triple therapy and quadruple therapy were not
significantly different. The eradication rates with quadruple therapy
were 3% to 6% higher than PPI triple therapy, indicating that
quadruple therapy should be no less effective than PPI triple therapy.
Furthermore, these two therapies had similar rates of compliance and
adverse events.The major potential benefit of the quadruple therapy relates to
antibiotic resistance. In patients with clarithromycin resistance, PPIbased
triple therapy, but not quadruple therapy, had a significantly
lower eradication rate. However, due to its ability to largely overcome
metronidazole resistance, quadruple therapy had little if any decrement
in eradication rates compared with PPI triple therapy in
patients with metronidazole‐resistant H pylori. Therefore, quadruple
therapy can be considered a first line therapy for H pylori.
Role of Bacterial Overgrowth in the Stomach as an Additional Risk Factor for Gastritis
Authors: Naylor Gregory , Axon Anthony 
Published: May 2016

Gastric bacteria can either be ingested or ascend from the distal bowel;
however, their survival is usually limited by gastric acidity and motility.
A reduction in gastric acid can result in bacterial overgrowth in
the stomach and proximal small bowel, and the number of organisms
rises as the intragastric pH rises.The increased risk of noncardia gastric cancer seen in patients with
hypochlorhydria may be explained by an excess of nitrites and
N‐nitroso compounds (NOCs). These compounds are found in the
diet of populations with a high gastric cancer risk, but can also be
produced by the organisms that exist in the hypochlorhydria stomach.
It has long been hypothsized that nitrites and NOCs act as one
of the triggers in the atrophy‐metaplasia‐dysplasia‐carcinoma path.
However, although indirect data have linked the premalignant
changes of metaplasia and dysplasia to NOCs, direct measurement of
gastric nitrites and NOCs has not confirmed such a link.The role of Helicobacter pylori in bacterial overgrowth is mainly as a
cause of hypochlorhydria resulting from atrophic gastritis, leading to
a reduction in the parietal cell mass.Acid‐suppressing drugs can result in bacterial overgrowth and
increased nitrites and NOCs, although there is no current evidence
for an increased risk of gastric cancer in patients taking them. One
explanation is that the stomach appears to be colonized by different
organisms than those in patients with hypochlorhydria for other reasons.
There is some evidence that bacterial overgrowth per se can
cause gastric inflammation in mice; however, although in humans the
degree of gastric inflammation is greater when overgrowth is more
prominant this may simply reflect the greater degree of hypochlorhydria
in patients with a more severe H pylori‐induced inflammation.
What are the Global Response Rates to Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy?
Authors: Nash Christopher , Fischbach Lori , van Zanten Sander Veldhuyzen 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review of the world literature
to determine current success rates of Helicobacter pylori eradication
treatment.METHODS: Computer searches were performed to identify systematic
reviews or meta‐analyses of treatment studies of H pylori infection.
The searches included specifications for Asia, Africa, North
America, South America and Europe.RESULTS: The data supported the current worldwide recommendation
to use proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐based triple therapy with
clarithromycin and either metronidazole or amoxycillin. There are,
however, regional differences in success rates that are not completely
explained by resistance to either metronidazole or amoxycillin. For
second‐line therapy, quadruple therapy using a PPI with bismuth,
metronidazole and tetracycline (PPI‐BMT) is superior to an alternative
PPI‐based triple therapy.CONCLUSION: There is worldwide consensus that PPI‐based
triple therapy, preferably with clarithromycin and amoxycillin or
clarithromycin and metronidazole, is used as first‐line therapy.
Quadruple therapy of PPI‐BMT is the preferred rescue medication
after initial failure of therapy.
A Numerical Study of Convection in a Condensing CO2 Atmosphere under Early Mars-Like Conditions
Authors: Yamashita Tatsuya , Odaka Masatsugu , Sugiyama Ko-ichiro , Nakajima Kensuke , Ishiwatari Masaki , Nishizawa Seiya , Takahashi Yoshiyuki O. , Hayashi Yoshi-Yuki 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Cloud convection of a CO2 atmosphere where the major constituent condenses is numerically investigated under a setup idealizing a possible warm atmosphere of early Mars, utilizing a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model forced by a fixed cooling profile as a substitute for a radiative process. The authors compare two cases with different critical saturation ratios as condensation criteria and also examine sensitivity to number mixing ratio of condensed particles given externally.
When supersaturation is not necessary for condensation, the entire horizontal domain above the condensation level is continuously covered by clouds irrespective of number mixing ratio of condensed particles. Horizontal-mean cloud mass density decreases exponentially with height. The circulations below and above the condensation level are dominated by dry cellular convection and buoyancy waves, respectively.
When 1.35 is adopted as the critical saturation ratio, clouds appear exclusively as intense, short-lived, quasi-periodic events. Clouds start just above the condensation level and develop upward, but intense updrafts exist only around the cloud top; they do not extend to the bottom of the condensation layer. The cloud layer is rapidly warmed by latent heat during the cloud events, and then the layer is slowly cooled by the specified thermal forcing, and supersaturation gradually develops leading to the next cloud event. The periodic appearance of cloud events does not occur when number mixing ratio of condensed particles is large.
Scale Dependence of Land–Atmosphere Interactions in Wet and Dry Regions as Simulated with NU-WRF over the Southwestern and South-Central United States
Authors: Zhou Yaping , Wu Di , K.-M. Lau William , Tao Wei-Kuo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Large-scale forcing and land–atmosphere interactions on precipitation are investigated with NASA-Unified WRF (NU-WRF) simulations during fast transitions of ENSO phases from spring to early summer of 2010 and 2011. The model is found to capture major precipitation episodes in the 3-month simulations without resorting to nudging. However, the mean intensity of the simulated precipitation is underestimated by 46% and 57% compared with the observations in dry and wet regions in the southwestern and south-central United States, respectively. Sensitivity studies show that large-scale atmospheric forcing plays a major role in producing regional precipitation. A methodology to account for moisture contributions to individual precipitation events, as well as total precipitation, is presented under the same moisture budget framework. The analysis shows that the relative contributions of local evaporation and large-scale moisture convergence depend on the dry/wet regions and are a function of temporal and spatial scales. While the ratio of local and large-scale moisture contributions vary with domain size and weather system, evaporation provides a major moisture source in the dry region and during light rain events, which leads to greater sensitivity to soil moisture in the dry region and during light rain events. The feedback of land surface processes to large-scale forcing is well simulated, as indicated by changes in atmospheric circulation and moisture convergence. Overall, the results reveal an asymmetrical response of precipitation events to soil moisture, with higher sensitivity under dry than wet conditions. Drier soil moisture tends to suppress further existing below-normal precipitation conditions via a positive soil moisture–land surface flux feedback that could worsen drought conditions in the southwestern United States.
Diagnostic yield of array CGH in patients with autism spectrum disorder in Hong Kong
Authors: Siu Wai‐Kwan , Lam Ching‐Wan , Mak Chloe Miu , Lau Elizabeth Tak‐Kwong , Tang Mary Hoi‐Yin , Tang Wing‐Fai , Poon‐Mak Rachel Sui‐Man , Lee Chi‐Chiu , Hung Se‐Fong , Leung Patrick Wing‐Leung , Kwong Karen Ling , Yau Eric Kin‐Cheong , Ng Grace Sui‐Fun , Fong Nai‐Chung , Chan Kwok‐Yin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundChromosomal microarray offers superior sensitivity for identification of submicroscopic copy number variants (CNV) and it is advocated to be the first tier genetic testing for patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this regard, diagnostic yield of array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) for ASD patients is determined in a cohort of Chinese patients in Hong Kong.MethodsA combined adult and paediatric cohort of 68 Chinese ASD patients (41 patients in adult group and 27 patients in paediatric group). The genomic DNA extracted from blood samples were analysed by array CGH using NimbleGen CGX‐135K oligonucleotide array.ResultsWe identified 15 CNV and eight of them were clinically significant. The overall diagnostic yield was 11.8 %. Five clinically significant CNV were detected in the adult group and three were in the paediatric group, providing diagnostic yields of 12.2 and 11.1 % respectively. The most frequently detected CNV was 16p13.11 duplications which were present in 4 patients (5.9 % of the cohort).ConclusionsIn this study, a satisfactory diagnostic yield of array CGH was demonstrated in a Chinese ASD patient cohort which supported the clinical usefulness of array CGH as the first line testing of ASD in Hong Kong.
Reflections on the call for a global “ecological turnaround”
Authors: Simonis Udo E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper is about excessive overuse of resources and about serious environmental impacts, and the need for a global ecological turnaround. Ideas about a social contract for sustainability are being discussed, and examples given of resource decoupling and impact decoupling. Global environmental governance is seen as being insufficient and in need of vigorous reform. It seems that only through improved planetary cooperation can a collapse of the global ecosystems be prevented and global sustainability be secured.
Incentives and restrictions of enterprise activity in domestic economy
Authors: Гладкова Вера , Gladkova Vera , Репкина Ольга , Repkina Olga 
Published: May 2016

The article considers value and essence of business and enterprise activity in work of
economic entities. Enterprise activity is covered in total with business activity and their
interrelation and interdependence are considered. The logic of research of a problem begins
with prerequisites of emergence and degree of need of the considered types of activity for
successful function of the economic subjects carrying out economic activity, and develops in
definition of a place of enterprise activity in domestic economy. The article opens the question of
possibility of successful existence of organization without the elements of business activity and
considers objective and subjective factors and conditions impacting on development and
realization of enterprise activity. It is noted that &#34;civilized&#34; business that includes an
indispensable element -business and enterprise activity, creates conditions of competitive
interaction, creation of the new benefits of society, and influences over its dynamics of
development. The spesial attention is paid to incentives and restrictions of enterprise activity in
domestic economy and to possible prospects of its development.
Enterprise activity can be understood as some kind of business activity. Economic
motives underlie in a basis of both of them. Authors study the prerequisites of emergence and
degree of need of the considered types of activity for successful function of the economic subjects
carrying out economic activity.
Is it possible the successful existence of the organization without elements of business
activity? As far as business activity is the cornerstone of dynamics, defines the directions of
development of the organization and directly effects on formation of its competitiveness, so
naturally, success of the organization depends on its business activity. It is theoretically possible
to assume that emergence of the organizations was, to some extent, a consequence of
manifestation of business activity. Thus, business activity – a necessary element of activity of the
organization.
Justification of the priority directions of structural transformations of the regional consumer market
Authors: Ветрова Екатерина , Vetrova Ekaterina , Литвинова Елена , Litvinova Elena , Данилова Вероника , Danilova Veronika 
Published: May 2016

studies. The most important development indicators of the level and quality of life of the
population in the region are the state and tendencies of development of consumer market in the
conditions of establishment of market relations.
State regulations of the consumer market is performed, on the one hand, through
automatic advantages, i.e. offering and demand, prices and competition, and, on the other hand,
presents by the factors management appointments. Using administrative methods of influence,
the regional governments regulate such processes as privatization, the deployment of new
enterprises, and the attraction of foreign capital. The integrated approach allows ensuring the
normal functioning of the regional consumer market.
Trade is the most important sector of the consumer market. In this regard, the realization
of the major areas of functioning and development of regional consumer market is closely
connected with the strategy of trade development.
Combined methods and forms of regulation should be the basis of the modern regulation
of the market of consumer goods and services, therefore, in order to improve the effectiveness
and implementation of unified state policy it is necessary to create the Concept of development of the consumer market of Moscow region The need for the development of the concept of marketing management is determined by
the structural characteristics of the regional consumer market at present and observed change in
the payment demand of the population.
The article offers directions of implementation of this concept that will allow realizing
the goals and objectives of all market participants. The necessity for using marketing tools in the
regulation of the consumer market at the macro and meso-levels is caused by the goals of the
state, among which the most important is the significance of its social policy, focused on
improving the welfare of the population