bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of GαO‐mediated signaling in the rostral ventrolateral medulla oblongata in cardiovascular reflexes and control of cardiac ventricular excitability
Authors: Ang Richard , Abramowitz Joel , Birnbaumer Lutz , Gourine Alexander V. , Tinker Andrew 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe heart is controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic limbs of the autonomic nervous system with inhibitory signaling mechanisms recruited in both limbs. The aim of this study was to determine the role of inhibitory heterotrimeric G proteins in the central nervous mechanisms underlying autonomic control of the heart and its potential role in arrhythmogenesis. Mice with conditional deletion of the inhibitory heterotrimeric G protein GαO in the presympathetic area of the rostral ventral lateral medulla (RVLM) were generated to determine the role of GαO‐mediated signalling in autonomic control and electrophysiological properties of the heart. GαO deletion within the RVLM was not associated with changes in heart rate (HR) or the arterial blood pressure at rest (home cage, normal behavior). However, exposure to stressful conditions (novel environment, hypoxia, or hypercapnia) in these mice was associated with abnormal HR responses and an increased baroreflex gain when assessed under urethane anesthesia. This was associated with shortening of the ventricular effective refractory period. This phenotype was reversed by systemic beta‐adrenoceptor blockade, suggesting that GαO depletion in the RVLM increases central sympathetic drive. The data obtained support the hypothesis that GαO‐mediated signaling within the presympathetic circuits of the RVLM contributes to the autonomic control of the heart. GαO deficiency in the RVLM has a significant impact on cardiovascular responses to stress, cardiovascular reflexes and electrical properties of the heart.
Stress hardening under long-term cadmium treatment is correlated with the activation of antioxidative defence and iron acquisition of chloroplasts in Populus
Authors: Solti Ádám , Sárvári Éva , Szöllősi Erzsébet , Tóth Brigitta , Mészáros Ilona , Fodor Ferenc , Szigeti Zoltán 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a highly toxic heavy metal affects growth and metabolic pathways in plants, including photosynthesis. Though Cd is a transition metal with no redox capacity, it generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) indirectly and causes oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in long-term Cd tolerance of poplar, candidate for Cd phytoremediation, are not well known. Hydroponically cultured poplar (Populus jacquemontiana var. glauca cv. ‘Kopeczkii’) plants were treated with 10 μM Cd for 4 weeks. Following a period of functional decline, the plants performed acclimation to the Cd induced oxidative stress as indicated by the decreased leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the recovery of most photosynthetic parameters. The increased activity of peroxidases (PODs) could have a great impact on the elimination of hydrogen peroxide, and thus the recovery of photosynthesis, while the function of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms seemed to be less important. Re-distribution of the iron content of leaf mesophyll cells into the chloroplasts contributed to the biosynthesis of the photosynthetic apparatus and some antioxidative enzymes. The delayed increase in photosynthetic activity in relation to the decline in the level of lipid peroxidation indicates that elimination of oxidative stress damage by acclimation mechanisms is required for the restoration of the photosynthetic apparatus during long-term Cd treatment.
Jesus, the Isaianic Servant Exorcist Exploring the Significance of Matthew 12,18–21 in the Beelzebul Pericope
Authors: Nickel J.P. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract:
In der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Zitat aus Jes 42,1–4 in Mt 12,18–21 wurde die kontextuelle Bedeutung der matthäischen Beelzebulkontroverse in 12,22–30 nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt. Dieser Beitrag möchte diese Lücke füllen. Der erste Abschnitt umreißt die Hauptprobleme, die sich mit der Auslegung des matthäischen Zitats aus dem Jesajabuch verbinden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im zweiten Abschnitt aufgewiesen, dass Matthäus gezielt Änderungen an seinen Quellen vorgenommen hat, um die Identifikation Jesu als jesajanischer Gottesknecht mit der Diskussion über die eschatologische Bedeutung seiner geistgewirkten Exorzismen zu verbinden. Im dritten Abschnitt wird daraufhin die Deutung vorgeschlagen, dass Matthäus mithilfe dieser lexikalischen Verknüpfungen eine einzigartige Verbindung zwischen der Aufgabe des jesajanischen Gottesknechts und der eschatologischen Niederlage Satans herstellt, die, wie 12,22–30 verdeutlicht, in Jesu Exorzismen dargestellt wurde.
Die Witwe, das γαζοφυλάκιον und der Tempel. Beobachtungen zur mk Erzählung vom „Scherflein der Witwe“ (Mk 12,41–44)
Authors: Lau Markus 
Published: August 2016

Abstract:
Despite the many different interpretations of Mk 12,41–44, they all seem to be based on the consensus that different types of donations are described. It is also this understanding that defines the noun γαζοφυλάκιον as offertory box. This common understanding is here challenged. By engaging texts from the LXX and Josephus, the article discloses another reality of the temple of Jerusalem: The temple was also a place for safekeeping money that remained in the possession of the person who brought it there and deposited it in the γαζοφυλάκιον. Thus, Mk 12,41–44 does not tell of persons who are generous to varying degrees, but is instead a story of bank deposits. This reading is then interpreted in light of the gospel of Mark more broadly.
A case of pituitary abscess presenting without a source of infection or prior pituitary pathology
Authors: Adams Derick , Kern Philip A 
Published: August 2016

Summary
Pituitary abscess is a relatively uncommon cause of pituitary hormone deficiencies and/or a suprasellar mass. Risk factors for pituitary abscess include prior surgery, irradiation and/or pathology of the suprasellar region as well as underlying infections. We present the case of a 22-year-old female presenting with a spontaneous pituitary abscess in the absence of risk factors described previously. Her initial presentation included headache, bitemporal hemianopia, polyuria, polydipsia and amenorrhoea. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her pituitary showed a suprasellar mass. As the patient did not have any risk factors for pituitary abscess or symptoms of infection, the diagnosis was not suspected preoperatively. She underwent transsphenoidal resection and purulent material was seen intraoperatively. Culture of the surgical specimen showed two species of alpha hemolytic Streptococcus, Staphylococcus capitis and Prevotella melaninogenica. Urine and blood cultures, dental radiographs and transthoracic echocardiogram failed to show any source of infection that could have caused the pituitary abscess. The patient was treated with 6weeks of oral metronidazole and intravenous vancomycin. After 6weeks of transsphenoidal resection and just after completion of antibiotic therapy, her headache and bitemporal hemianopsia resolved. However, nocturia and polydipsia from central diabetes insipidus and amenorrhoea from hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism persisted.

Learning points

Pituitary abscesses typically develop in patients who have other sources of infection or disruption of the normal suprasellar anatomy by either surgery, irradiation or pre-existing pathology; however, they can develop in the absence of known risk factors.
Patients with pituitary abscesses typically complain of headache, visual changes and symptoms of pituitary hormone deficiencies.
As other pituitary neoplasms present with similar clinical findings, the diagnosis of pituitary abscess is often not suspected until transsphenoidal resection is performed.
Prompt surgical and medical treatment of pituitary abscess is necessary, which typically results in improvement in headache and visual changes; however, pituitary hormone deficiencies are typically often permanent.
Germline mutations and genotype–phenotype correlation in Asian Indian patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
Authors: Pandit Reshma , Khadilkar Kranti , Sarathi Vijaya , Kasaliwal Rajeev , Goroshi Manjunath , Khare Shruti , Nair Sandhya , Raghavan Vijaya , Dalvi Abhay , Hira Priya , Fernandes Gwendolyn , Sathe Pragati , Rojekar Amey , Malhotra Gaurav , Bakshi Ganesh , Prakash Gagan , Bhansali Anil , Walia Rama , Kamalanathan Sadishkumar , Sahoo Jayaprakash , Desai Ankush , Bhagwat Nikhil , Mappa Prashanth , Rajput Rajesh , Chandrashekhar Sudha Rao , Shivane Vyankatesh , Menon Padma , Lila Anurag , Bandgar Tushar , Shah Nalini 
Published: August 2016

Background
Genetic aetiology of pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) is increasingly being studied; however, Asian Indian data on this aspect are scarce.

Objective
To study the prevalence of germline mutations and genotype–phenotype correlation in Asian Indian PCC/PGL patients.

Design
In this study, 150 index patients (M:F, 73:77) with PCC/PGL were evaluated. Phenotypic data were collected. Germline mutations in five susceptibility genes (RET, VHL, SDHB, SDHD and SDHC) were tested by sequencing and NF1 was diagnosed according to phenotype.

Result
Of the total population, 49 (32.7%) PCC/PGL patients had germline mutations (VHL: 23 (15.3%), RET: 13 (8.7%), SDHB: 9 (6%), SDHD: 2 (1.3%) and NF1: 2 (1.3%)). Amongst the 30 patients with familial and/or syndromic presentation, all had germline mutations (VHL: 14 (46.7%), RET: 13 (43.3%), SDHB: 1 (3.3%) and NF1: 2 (6.7%)). Out of 120 patients with apparently sporadic presentation, 19 (15.8%) had a germline mutation (VHL: 9 (7.5%), SDHB: 8 (6.7%) and SDHD: 2 (1.7%)). Mutation carriers were younger (29.9 ± 14.5 years vs 36.8 ± 14.9; P = 0.01) and had a higher prevalence of bilateral PCC (26.5% vs 2.9%, P < 0.001) and multifocal tumours (12.2% vs 0.96%, P = 0.06). Based on syndromic features, metastasis, location and number of tumours, around 96% mutations in our cohort could be detected by appropriately selected single gene testing.

Conclusion
Asian Indians with PCC/PGL differ from Western cohorts in having preponderance of VHL mutations in multifocal tumours and apparently sporadic unilateral PCC. Syndromic presentation, metastasis, location and number of PCC/PGL can be effectively used for guiding genetic prioritisation.
Nicotinamide Suppresses the DNA Damage Sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Independently of Sirtuin Deacetylases
Authors: Rössl Anthony , Bentley-DeSousa Amanda , Tseng Yi-Chieh , Nwosu Christine , Downey Michael 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Nicotinamide is both a reaction product and an inhibitor of the conserved sirtuin family of deacetylases, which have been implicated in a broad range of cellular functions in eukaryotes from yeast to humans. Phenotypes observed following treatment with nicotinamide are most often assumed to stem from inhibition of one or more of these enzymes. Here, we used this small molecule to inhibit multiple sirtuins at once during treatment with DNA damaging agents in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae model system. Since sirtuins have been previously implicated in the DNA damage response, we were surprised to observe that nicotinamide actually increased the survival of yeast cells exposed to the DNA damage agent MMS. Remarkably, we found that enhanced resistance to MMS in the presence of nicotinamide was independent of all five yeast sirtuins. Enhanced resistance was also independent of the nicotinamide salvage pathway, which uses nicotinamide as a substrate to generate NAD+, and of a DNA damage-induced increase in the salvage enzyme Pnc1. Our data suggest a novel and unexpected function for nicotinamide that has broad implications for its use in the study of sirtuin biology across model systems.
Ebola virus disease: Awareness among dental students in Hungary
Authors: Károlyházy Katalin , Fazekas Balázs , Fazekas Janka , Hermann Péter , Márton Krisztina 
Published: August 2016

Introduction:
The Ebola epidemic has claimed thousands of lives in Africa, and there has been a mounting pressure on the healthcare systems around the globe to prepare for the showing up of patients infected with this virus. Junior clinicians are at the forefront of medical teams, often coming into contact with patients first, during clerking and admissions. This study assesses the level of knowledge of Ebola virus disease (EVD) among dental students at Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

Materials and methods:
A cross-sectional survey of 257 dental students was carried out across five different courses. Each of the students was asked to fill out a detailed questionnaire comprising of 11 questions, to assess their knowledge about signs and symptoms, investigations, management, and sequelae of the virus and the outbreak.

Findings:
This study highlighted that there is an overall lack of knowledge about critical aspects of EVD among dental students. We found that the participating students scored less than 60% for 8 of the 11 questions, including those assessing their recognition and subsequent management of EVD.

Conclusion:
These results are concerning and the medical universities and dental schools need to act fast to prepare the Hungary’s dental (and medical) students and junior doctors for an inevitable influx of infected patients.
El estrés por boro afecta la fotosíntesis y la síntesis de compuestos antioxidantes en plantas. Una revision
Authors: Moreno Darwin L. , Quiroga Ivonne A. , Balaguera-López Helber Enrique , Magnitskiy Stanislav 
Published: August 2016

El estrés causado por deficiencia o toxicidad de boro es común en plantas cultivadas. En la actualidad, el papel del boro en la fotosíntesis y sus efectos en este proceso es desconocido. La fotosíntesis puede presentar limitación estomática, debido a la disminución en el intercambio gaseoso; y limitación no estomática, que se caracteriza por disminuciones en la actividad de enzimas relacionadas con el ciclo de Calvin y alteraciones en parámetros de la fluorescencia de la clorofila a, debido al desacople generado entre las fases foto y síntesis de la fotosíntesis, propiciando un aumento en los contenidos de especies reactivas de oxígeno que afectan negativamente algunas moléculas, estructuras celulares y la eficiencia fotosintética. Sin embargo las plantas tienen mecanismos de tolerancia ante esta condición de estrés mediante respuestas antioxidantes enzimáticas (polifenol oxidasa, ascorbato oxidasa, monodeshidroascorbato reductasa, deshidroascorbato reductasa y catalasa) y no enzimáticas (ácido ascórbico, glutation), las cuales varían en su expresión de acuerdo a la especie y al estado fenológico de la misma.
La enseñanza de la lectura como profilaxis: el Decreto Orgánico de Instrucción Pública: entre la caridad y la instrucción
Authors: Guzmán Méndez Diana Paola 
Published: August 2016

El radicalismo liberal que gobernó los destinos nacionales entre 1863 y 1886, marcó el inicio de una nueva era para la educación en Colombia. Laica y gratuita, la enseñanza de la literatura ocupó un espacio central dentro del plan liberal. Educación, higiene y moral formaron una triada que definió de manera fundamental la concepción de la educación y la función de las letras como parte evidente del progreso y el desarrollo. Esta investigación intenta demostrar que la lectura se formuló como una profilaxis, una limpieza y una medicina preventiva que atravesó el tiempo y se instaló sobre dos lógicas más cercanas que enfrentadas: la de la caridad propia de la propuesta católica que se basa en los principios lancasterianos y la lógica de la instrucción cifrada en Pestalozzi relacionada con la idea de una cuerpo nacional en vías del progreso. Los materiales de lectura que analizamos para este trabajo, demuestran que leer era una práctica moral antes que de educación y conocimiento.
La utopía de forjar una sola raza para la nación. Mestizaje, indigenismo e hispanofilia en el México posrevolucionario
Authors: González Salinas Omar Fabián 
Published: August 2016

Este artículo estudia distintos proyectos de construcción nacional que durante el México posrevolucionario propusieron forjar una sola raza para asegurar un prometedor porvenir de la nación. Se abordan las ideas raciales de tres de los intelectuales que más destacaron en este ámbito, así como el discurso oficial con cual el Estado mostraba cuál era la “raza mexicana”. En el estudio se utiliza la categoría “utopía”, entendida como todo proyecto a futuro que surge de la crítica y necesidad de superar los problemas del presente mediante una transformación radical. Se considera pertinente este método, pues los debates raciales estudiados tuvieron especial interés en el futuro, proponiendo distintos caminos para reconstruir la nación. Finalmente, se realiza un balance sobre el éxito o fracaso que a largo plazo ha tenido el binomio de raza y nación en México.
A Stochastic Approach for Optimal Sequencing of Appraisal Wells
Authors: El Souki Omar A. , Saad George A. 
Published: August 2016

Summary
The life of a hydrocarbon field can be distinguished by five main stages: exploration, appraisal, development, production, and abandonment. Of particular interest is the appraisal stage, where the use of seismic data in combination with appraisal wells permits the estimation of the initial hydrocarbons in place and the quantification of the associated uncertainties. Because of both the high prices of appraisal-well drilling and the opportunity of maximizing uncertainty reduction during the appraisal stage, optimizing on this stage makes it the biggest setting for maximizing project profitability. Nonetheless, with billions of dollars spent on appraisal activities, limited resources are spent on assessing the value of the gathered information.
This paper presents a comprehensive approach to determine the number of appraisal wells, their sequence of drilling, and their justification that is based on economic merit. The presented framework is based on sequentially coupling the uncertainty-reduction method with value-of-information (VoI) techniques. Although the uncertainty-reduction method allows ranking locations of appraisal wells on the basis of the maximum uncertainty reduction that they can provide, the VoI analysis provides the difference between the value of developing the project with/without appraisal. The efficiency of the presented sequential appraisal-well-location framework will be assessed by applying it on the Stratton gas-field data set.
Клиническое значение избыточного содержания лактозы в диете (часть 1)
Authors: Abaturov A.Ye. , Nikulinа A.A. , Demydenko Yu.V. 
Published: August 2016

В статье на основании литературных источников представлены статистические данные среднегодовых уровней потребления лактозы в странах мирового сообщества, рассмотрено клиническое значение избыточного содержания лактозы в диете в зависимости от полиморфизма гена лактазы. Лактоза — основной источник энергии для детей первых месяцев жизни, который обеспечивает около 40–45 % суточной энергетической потребности организма ребенка. Нарушение всасывания лактозы (мальабсорбция), при дефиците фермента лактазы, сопровождается симптомами лактозной интолерантности. Интерес к изучению иммуномодулирующего влияния β-галактозида лактозы связан с подав­лением ею галектина 9 (Gal-9), регулирующего Т-клеточные иммунные реакции с участием Т-хелперных клеток 1-го и 17-го типов (Тh1, Тh17) и Т-регуляторных лимфоцитов (Treg), которые вовлечены во многие иммуноопосредованные заболевания человека. Галектин 9 — представитель класса галектинов типа «тандем-повтора». Наиболее высокий уровень экспрессии LGALS9 наблюдается в тканях толстого кишечника, легких, костном мозге, лимфоузлах, тимусе, печени, почках, эндокринных железах, плаценте, коже, гладких мышцах, жировой ткани.
Клиническое применение цитиколина и его роль в гомеостазе клеточных мембран нейронов и органов-эффекторов
Authors: Afanasiev V.V. 
Published: August 2016

В статье описаны механизмы действия, фармакологические эффекты и клинические особенности применения цитиколина. Приведена его роль в гомеостазе клеточных мембран нейронов и органов-эффекторов, в обеспечении каркасных и матричных свойств биологических мембран клеток, гомеостазе холина.
Трудная ларингоскопия в плановой анестезиологии
Authors: Mohylnyk A.I. 
Published: August 2016

Введение. Обеспечение проходимости дыхательных путей — одна из ключевых задач плановой анестезиологии. Почти треть всех случаев анестезиологической смертности связана с трудностями при вентиляции пациентов после индукции в наркоз. Причем большинство из них обусловлены непосредственно интубацией трахеи и трудностями последующей вентиляции. Причиной 80 % закрытых исков Американской ассоциации анестезиологов по поводу повреждения гортани были повторные попытки интубации трахеи во время плановой анестезии. Цель исследования: повышение эффективности и уменьшение частоты осложнений обеспечения проходимости дыхательных путей при трудной ларингоскопии в плановой анестезиологии. Материалы и методы исследования. Нами проанализированы результаты 66 случаев трудной ларингоскопии при плановых оперативных вмешательствах на базе Полтавской областной клинической больницы за 2013–2015 годы. У всех пациентов во время прямой ларингоскопии на фоне миоплегии голосовая щель не визуализировалась. Пациентам I группы применялся клинический протокол оказания медицинской помощи больным с трудной интубацией трахеи, пациентам II группы после неудачной попытки интубации сразу устанавливалась ларингеальная маска соответствующего размера. Исследовалась частота удачных попыток восстановления проходимости дыхательных путей методом интубации трахеи и с помощью ларингеальной маски, частота и причины осложнений. Результаты исследования. У пациентов I группы вторая попытка интубации трахеи была удачной в 43,8 % случаев. Со следующими попытками интубации трахеи эффективность манипуляции прогрессивно уменьшалась до 6,2 % с четвертой попытки. Эффективность последующего использования ларингеальной маски составила 45,4 %; причины несостоятельности: травматизация слизистой, гиперсаливация, бронхорея, ларинго- и бронхоспазм. У пациентов II группы в 91,2 % случаев постановка ларингеальной маски обеспечила герметичность дыхательного контура и адекватную вентиляцию во время оперативного вмешательства. Осложнений практически не наблюдалось. Выводы. Использование клинического протокола оказания медицинской помощи больным с трудной интубацией трахеи в плановой анестезиологии менее эффективно и имеет высокую частоту осложнений, связанных с прямой ларингоскопией, по сравнению с единственной попыткой интубации трахеи и последующим использованием ларингеальной маски.
Фактори кардіоваскулярного ризику у хворих на артеріальну гіпертензію при різному рівні тиреотропного гормону
Authors: Pryhodko V.Yu. , Kononenko O.A. 
Published: August 2016

Метою роботи було встановити вплив рівня тиреотропного гормону (ТТГ) на частоту і вираженість факторів кардіоваскулярного ризику у хворих на артеріальну гіпертензію (АГ). Були обстежені 123 хворі із АГ I–II ступенів віком 45–70 років. Методи дослідження: визначення показників ліпідограми, ТТГ, вільного тироксину, ехокардіографія, вимірювання офісного артеріального тиску (АТ), дуплексне сканування судин шиї, тестування за госпітальними шкалами тривоги і депресії. Серед обстежених хворих 12,4 % мали не діагностований раніше субклінічний гіпотиреоз, що асоціювався з більшою частотою дисліпідемії, порушення вуглеводного обміну, гіпертрофії лівого шлуночка і атеросклеротичного ураження сонних артерій, більш високими значеннями пульсового АТ, а також зі зменшенням швидкості клубочкової фільтрації і тривожно-депресивними розладами. При аналізі групи з нормальною функцією щитоподібної залози (ЩЗ) було виявлено, що високонормальний рівень ТТГ (2–4 мОд/л) також пов’язаний зі збільшенням частоти факторів кардіоваскулярного ризику і погіршенням стану органів-мішеней порівняно з особами із низьконормальним рівнем ТТГ. Отже, функціональний стан ЩЗ впливає на частоту та вираженість факторів ризику і уражень органів-мішеней при АГ, що потребує ретельного його контролю у хворих із кардіологічною патологією.