bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diapause induction and termination in Indian strains ofTrichogramma chilonis(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Ghosh Enakshi , Ballal Chandish R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe role of temperature in diapause induction was studied as a mode of long-term storage ofTrichogramma chilonis(Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Three different strains of this widely used biocontrol agent (T. chilonisNilgiris strain,T. chilonisKodaikanal strain, andT. chilonis15 °C strain) reared on the factitious hostCorcyra cephalonica(Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were used for this experiment. ExceptT. chilonislaboratory strain, all the other strains could successfully undergo diapause at their pre-pupal stage. Maximum percentage of healthy pre-pupae were recorded in the three strains by providing a pre-storage temperature of 10 °C for 35 days with eight hours of photophase wherein 75–87% could enter into diapause. Further, at a maintenance temperature of 5 °C with 24 hours of scotophase, diapause could be maintained. Diapause could be terminated after six months of storage with 23–36% of adult emergence. However, there was significant reduction in longevity and parasitism rate of the emerged adults. Considering superior biological parameters, 95 days of storage (including pre-storage duration) could provide around 60% adult emergence. Successful long-term storage ofT. chilonisstrains through diapause induction can facilitate commercial insectaries in stockpiling this biocontrol agent for large-scale field releases. This is the first study on successful induction and termination of diapause inT. chilonisstrains and evaluating their performance attributes.
A ubiquitous ice size bias in simulations of tropical deep convection
Authors: Stanford McKenna W. , Varble Adam , Zipser Ed , Strapp J. Walter , Leroy Delphine , Schwarzenboeck Alfons , Potts Rodney , Protat Alain 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The High Altitude Ice Crystals – High Ice Water Content (HAIC-HIWC) joint field campaign produced aircraft retrievals of total condensed water content (TWC), hydrometeor particle size distributions (PSDs), and vertical velocity (w) in high ice water content regions of mature and decaying tropical mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). The resulting dataset is used here to explore causes of the commonly documented high bias in radar reflectivity within cloud-resolving simulations of deep convection. This bias has been linked to overly strong simulated convective updrafts lofting excessive condensate mass but is also modulated by parameterizations of hydrometeor size distributions, single particle properties, species separation, and microphysical processes. Observations are compared with three Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations of an observed MCS using different microphysics parameterizations while controlling for w, TWC, and temperature. Two popular bulk microphysics schemes (Thompson and Morrison) and one bin microphysics scheme (fast spectral bin microphysics) are compared. For temperatures between −10 and −40 °C and TWC  >  1 g m−3, all microphysics schemes produce median mass diameters (MMDs) that are generally larger than observed, and the precipitating ice species that controls this size bias varies by scheme, temperature, and w. Despite a much greater number of samples, all simulations fail to reproduce observed high-TWC conditions ( >  2 g m−3) between −20 and −40 °C in which only a small fraction of condensate mass is found in relatively large particle sizes greater than 1 mm in diameter. Although more mass is distributed to large particle sizes relative to those observed across all schemes when controlling for temperature, w, and TWC, differences with observations are significantly variable between the schemes tested. As a result, this bias is hypothesized to partly result from errors in parameterized hydrometeor PSD and single particle properties, but because it is present in all schemes, it may also partly result from errors in parameterized microphysical processes present in all schemes. Because of these ubiquitous ice size biases, the frequently used microphysical parameterizations evaluated in this study inherently produce a high bias in convective reflectivity for a wide range of temperatures, vertical velocities, and TWCs.
“Blind” calibration of vector sensors whose dipole/loop triads deviate from their nominal gains/phases/orientations/locations
Authors: Song Yang , Wong Kainam Thomas , Chen Fangjiong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn electromagnetic vector sensor consists of a triad of electric dipoles in orthogonal orientation, plus another triad of similarly arranged magnetic loops, all in spatial collocation. This electromagnetic vector sensor has been used in a series of algorithms to estimate the incident sources' directions‐of‐arrival and polarizations. However, these algorithms have presumed the dipole triads and the loop triads of perfect ideality in their gain/phase responses, their orientations, and locations. Such idealization is rarely (if ever) attained in actual field deployment. Instead, the nonidealities need to be calibrated, often blindly with no training signal impinging from any prior known direction‐of‐arrival at any prior known polarization. For such a scenario, this work proposes a new algorithm for direction finding, for polarization estimation, and for “blind” calibration (a.k.a. “self‐calibration,” “autocalibration,” or “unaided calibration”) of all above nonidealities. This new algorithm is orders‐of‐magnitude computationally simpler than maximum likelihood estimation. This reduction in complexity is achieved here by exploiting the electromagnetic vector sensor's quintessential array manifold and by a judicious breakdown of the originally high‐dimensional problem (of estimating the directions‐of‐arrival, polarizations, and the antenna nonidealities) into suitably chosen/sequenced low‐dimensional subproblems. This proposed algorithm is first in the open literature to exploit the electromagnetic vector‐sensor's quintessential array manifold for “blind” calibration of all above mentioned nonidealities simultaneously. Monte Carlo simulations verify this proposed algorithm's effectiveness in “blind” calibration and this algorithm's orders‐of‐magnitude computational efficiency over the maximum likelihood approach.
Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous Metals Using Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Media as Solvent and Template
Authors: Kang Xinchen , Sun Xiaofu , Ma Xiaoxue , Zhang Pei , Zhang Zhanrong , Meng Qinglei , Han Buxing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIt was found that nanodomains existed in the ionic liquid (IL)‐based ternary system containing IL 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate (EmimBF4), IL 1‐decyl‐3‐methylimidazole nitrate (DmimNO3) and water, and the size distribution of the domains varied continuously with the composition of the solution. A strategy to synthesize hierarchical porous metals using IL‐based media as solvent and template is proposed, and the hierarchical porous Ru and Pt metals were prepared by the assembly of metal clusters of about 1.5 nm using this new method. It is demonstrated that the metals have micropores and mesopores, and the size distribution is tuned by controlling the composition of the solution. Porous Ru was used for a series of hydrogenation reactions. It has an outstanding catalytic performance owing to its special morphology and structure.
Effect of age on rates of palliative surgery and chemotherapy use in patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer
Authors: Nelen S D , van Putten M , Lemmens V E P P , Bosscha K , de Wilt J H W , Verhoeven R H A 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
This study assessed trends in the treatment and survival of palliatively treated patients with gastric cancer, with a focus on age-related differences.

Methods
For this retrospective, population-based, nationwide cohort study, all patients diagnosed between 1989 and 2013 with non-cardia gastric cancer with metastasized disease or invasion into adjacent structures were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Trends in treatment and 2-year overall survival were analysed and compared between younger (age less than 70 years) and older (aged 70 years or more) patients. Analyses were done for five consecutive periods of 5 years, from 1989–1993 to 2009–2013. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the probability of undergoing surgery. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for death.

Results
Palliative resection rates decreased significantly in both younger and older patients, from 24·5 and 26·2 per cent to 3·0 and 5·0 per cent respectively. Compared with patients who received chemotherapy alone, both younger (21·6 versus 6·3 per cent respectively; P &lt; 0·001) and older (14·7 versus 4·6 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) patients who underwent surgery had better 2-year overall survival rates. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that younger and older patients who received chemotherapy alone had worse overall survival than patients who had surgery only (younger: hazard ratio (HR) 1·22, 95 per cent c.i. 1·12 to 1·33; older: HR 1·12, 1·01 to 1·24). After 2003 there was no association between period of diagnosis and overall survival in younger or older patients.

Conclusion
Despite changes in the use of resection and chemotherapy as palliative treatment, overall survival rates of patients with advanced and metastatic gastric cancer did not improve.
A multispecific monoclonal antibody G2 recognizes at least three completely different epitope sequences with high affinity
Authors: Mahmud Md. Nuruddin , Oda Masayuki , Usui Daiki , Inoshima Yasuo , Ishiguro Naotaka , Kamatari Yuji O. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA monoclonal antibody (mAb) G2 possesses an unusual characteristic of reacting with at least three proteins (ATP6V1C1, SEPT3, and C6H10orf76) other than its original antigen, chicken prion protein (ChPrP). The epitopes on ChPrP and ATP6V1C1 have been identified previously. In this study, we identified the epitope in the third protein, SEPT3. Interestingly, there was no amino acid sequence similarity among the epitopes on the three proteins. These epitopes had high binding affinities to G2 (KD = ∼10−7 M for monovalent binding and KD = ∼10−9 M for divalent binding), as determined using a SPR biosensor. This is the first report on a three‐in‐one mAb recognizing completely different epitope sequences with high affinity. Additionally, competitive ELISA indicated that the binding sites on G2, specific for the three different epitopes, overlapped, suggesting that the antigen‐binding site may be flexible in the free form and capable of adapting to at least three different conformations to enable interactions with three different antigens.
Mineral composition of alkaline lamprophyres of the Tomtor massif as reflection of their genesis
Authors: Panina L.I. , Rokosova E.Yu. , Isakova A.T. , Tolstov A.V. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The influence of parental melts on the chemical composition of rock-forming minerals of alkaline lamprophyres (monchiquites) referred to as the volcanic series of porphyritic potassic alkaline-ultrabasic rocks was studied in the Tomtor alkaline-ultrabasic carbonatite massif (Yakutia) hosting a unique deposit of Sc–REE–Y–Nb ores. Previous fluid–melt inclusion study showed that these rocks formed from two mixing alkaline-basic melts of different alkalinity. A detailed study of the chemical composition of minerals revealed a repeated irregular zoning in most of phenocrysts, which reflects the influence of different parental magmas and their mixing. It was established that the cores of diopside phenocrysts (Di I) with inclusions of Na–Fe-rich silicate melts have a low Mg-number and low contents of Ti, Al, and Ca and high contents of Na and Mn. The intermediate zones of phenocrysts (Di II) containing inclusions of K–Mg-rich silicate melts show a high Mg-number and are rich in Ti and Al and poor in Mn and Na. Groundmass grains and rims (and, sometimes, intermediate zones) of diopside phenocrysts often have a mixed Di I–Di II composition with slightly elevated contents of Mg, Ti, and Al. Amphibole phenocrysts, like the diopside ones, have both zones with low Mg contents and high Na/K ratios and Mn contents and zones with high Mg contents, low Na/K ratios, and low Mn and elevated Ti contents. Phlogopites are also of two varieties: highly magnesian, with high contents of Si and K and low content of Mn, and lowly magnesian, with low contents of Si and K and high content of Mn. Ilmenite, titanomagnetite, and fine grains of femic minerals are mostly of mixed varying composition. The chemical composition of rock-forming minerals, especially zoned phenocrysts, evidences that they crystallized with the participation of two alkaline-basic melts: Na–Fe-rich silicate melt enriched in Mn and K–Mg-rich silicate melt enriched in Ti but depleted in Mn.
Food-based diet quality score in relation to depressive symptoms in young and middle-aged Japanese women
Authors: Sakai Hiroka , Murakami Kentaro , Kobayashi Satomi , Suga Hitomi , Sasaki Satoshi ,   the Three-generation Study of Women on Diets and Health Study Group
Published: August 2017

AbstractOnly a few studies have focused on the association between overall diet, rather than intakes of individual nutrients or foods, and depressive symptoms in Japanese. This cross-sectional study examined associations between a diet quality score and depressive symptoms in 3963 young (age 18 years) and 3833 middle-aged (mean age 47·9 (sd 4·2) years) Japanese women. Dietary information was collected using a diet history questionnaire. A previously developed diet quality score was computed mainly based on the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 22·0 % for young women and 16·8 % for middle-aged women, assessed as a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) score ≥23 and ≥19, respectively. As expected, the diet quality score was associated positively with intakes of ‘grain dishes’, ‘vegetable dishes’, ‘fish and meat dishes’, ‘milk’ and ‘fruits’ and inversely with intakes of energy from ‘snacks, confection and beverages’ and Na from seasonings. After adjustment for potential confounders, OR for depressive symptoms in the highest v. lowest quintiles of the diet quality score was 0·65 (95 % CI 0·50, 0·84) in young women (Pfor trend=0·0005). In middle-aged women, the corresponding value was 0·59 (95 % CI 0·45, 0·78) (Pfor trend<0·0001). Analyses where the diet quality and CES-D scores were treated as continuous variables also showed inverse associations. In conclusion, this cross-sectional study showed that a higher diet quality score was associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in young and middle-aged Japanese women. Prospective studies are needed to confirm a public health relevance of this finding.
Who is the agent? The influence of pragmatic leads on children's reference assignment in non-obligatory control
Authors: JANKE VIKKI 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNon-obligatory control constructions (NOC) are sentences which contain a non-finite clause with a null subject whose reference is determined pragmatically. Little is known about how children assign reference to these subjects, yet this is important as our current understanding of reference-resolution development is limited to less complex sentences with overt elements, such as pronouns. This study explores how seventy-six children (aged six to eleven) consult pragmatic leads when assigning reference in two examples of NOC. Children undertook three picture-selection tasks, containing no lead, a weak lead, and a strong lead, and their reference choices in the critical sentences were monitored. The novel results pinpoint children's baseline interpretations of the ambiguous sentences and expose an age trend in the degree to which they consult strong pragmatic leads when resolving reference. These trends illustrate how reference assignment in more complex discourse-governed contexts progresses, thereby contributing an important dimension to the pragmatics acquisition literature.
Effects of lipid-based nutrient supplements v. micronutrient powders on nutritional and developmental outcomes among Peruvian infants
Authors: Matias Susana L , Vargas-Vásquez Alejandro , Bado Pérez Ricardo , Alcázar Valdivia Lorena , Aquino Vivanco Oscar , Rodriguez Martín Amelia , Novalbos Ruiz Jose Pedro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) on children’s Hb, linear growth and development, compared with supplementation with micronutrient powder (MNP).DesignThe study was a two-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial, where participants received either LNS or MNP for daily consumption during 6 months. Supplements were delivered by staff at government-run health centres. Hb, anthropometric, motor development, language development and problem-solving indicators were measured by trained research assistants when children were 12 months of age.SettingThe study was conducted in five rural districts in the Province of Ambo in the Department of Huánuco, Peru.SubjectsWe enrolled 6-month-old children (n 422) at nineteen health centres.ResultsChildren who received LNS had a higher mean Hb concentration and lower odds of anaemia than those who received MNP. No significant differences in height-for-age, weight-for-height or weight-for-age Z-score, or stunting and underweight prevalence, were observed. Provision of LNS was associated with a higher pre-verbal language (gestures) score, but such effect lost significance after adjustment for covariates. Children in the LNS group had higher problem-solving task scores and increased odds of achieving this cognitive task than children in the MNP group. No significant differences were observed on receptive language or gross motor development.ConclusionsLNS between 6 and 12 months of age increased Hb concentration, reduced anaemia and improved cognitive development in children, but showed no effects on anthropometric indicators, motor or language development.
Sex Steroid Hormones Regulate Leptin Transcript Accumulation and Protein Secretion in 3T3-L1 Cells
Authors: Jenks Mónica Z. , Fairfield Heather E. , Johnson Erik C. , Morrison Ron F. , Muday Gloria K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLeptin is an adipokine produced by fat cells that regulates food consumption and metabolic activity. Sexual dimorphism in leptin and fat stores have been observed in humans and rodents with females having more leptin and greater levels of subcutaneous fat than males. One potential mechanism leading to this dimorphism is steroid hormone regulated synthesis of transcripts encoding leptin. Identification of direct regulatory mechanisms is difficult in animals or primary adipocytes due to these intertwined dimorphisms. We used well-characterized 3T3-L1 murine adipocytes to demonstrate that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) reduced Leptin (Lep) transcript abundance and cytosolic and secreted leptin protein. The magnitude of this effect was greatest on secreted leptin, which was decreased by DHT to 30% of the control. In contrast, 17β-estradiol significantly increased the abundance of transcripts encoding leptin and increased secreted leptin to 230% of the control. Treatment with estrogen and androgen receptor antagonists had opposite effects on Lep transcript abundance to steroid treatments, indicating that these transcriptional effects are mediated through the canonical steroid hormone signaling pathways. These results indicate that short-term treatments with steroid hormones are sufficient to alter both Lep transcript accumulation and leptin protein secretion, and may play a role in the sexual dimorphism of this adipokine.
The role of Dermcidin isoform-2 in the occurrence and severity of Diabetes
Authors: Bhattacharya Suman , Khan Md. Mobidullah , Ghosh Chandradipa , Bank Sarbashri , Maiti Smarajit 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDiabetes is now epidemic worldwide. Several hundred-million peoples are presently suffering from this disease with other secondary-disorders. Stress, hypertension, sedentary life-style, carbohydrate/lipid metabolic-disorders due to genetic or environmental factors attributes to type-1 and/or type-2 diabetes. Present investigation demonstrates that stress-induced protein dermcidin isoform-2 (DCN-2) which appears in the serum of diabetic-patients play a key-role in this disease pathogenesis/severity. DCN-2 suppresses insulin production-release from liver/pancreas. It also increases the insulin-resistance. Stress-induction at the onset/progression of this disease is noticed as the high-level of lipid peroxides/low-level of free-thiols in association with increase of inflammatory-markers c-reactive protein and TNF-α. DCN-2 induced decrease in the synthesis of glucose-activated nitric oxide synthase (GANOS) and lower production of NO in liver has been shown here where NO is demonstrated to lower the expression of glucose trabsporter-4 (GLUT-4) and its translocation on liver membrane surface. This finally impairs glucose transport to organs from the extracellular fluid. Low level of glucose uptake further decreases glucose-induced insulin synthesis. The central role of DCN-2 has been demonstrated in type-1/type-2 diabetic individuals, in rodent hepatocytes and pancreatic-cell, tissue-slices, in-vitro and in-vivo experimental model. It can be concluded that stress-induced decrease in insulin synthesis/function, glucose transport is an interactive consequence of oxidative threats and inflammatory events.
Strong, Ductile, and Thermally Stable bcc-Mg Nanolaminates
Authors: Pathak Siddhartha , Velisavljevic Nenad , Baldwin J. Kevin , Jain Manish , Zheng Shijian , Mara Nathan A. , Beyerlein Irene J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMagnesium has attracted attention worldwide because it is the lightest structural metal. However, a high strength-to-weight ratio remains its only attribute, since an intrinsic lack of strength, ductility and low melting temperature severely restricts practical applications of Mg. Through interface strains, the crystal structure of Mg can be transformed and stabilized from a simple hexagonal (hexagonal close packed hcp) to body center cubic (bcc) crystal structure at ambient pressures. We demonstrate that when introduced into a nanocomposite bcc Mg is far more ductile, 50% stronger, and retains its strength after extended exposure to 200 C, which is 0.5 times its homologous temperature. These findings reveal an alternative solution to obtaining lightweight metals critically needed for future energy efficiency and fuel savings.
Dynamics of nano-confined water in Portland cement - comparison with synthetic C-S-H gel and other silicate materials
Authors: Goracci Guido , Monasterio Manuel , Jansson Helen , Cerveny Silvina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe dynamics of water confined in cement materials is still a matter of debate in spite of the fact that water has a major influence on properties such as durability and performance. In this study, we have investigated the dynamics of water confined in Portland cement (OPC) at different curing ages (3 weeks and 4 years after preparation) and at three water-to-cement ratios (w/c, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5). Using broadband dielectric spectroscopy, we distinguish four different dynamics due to water molecules confined in the pores of different sizes of cements. Here we show how water dynamics is modified by the evolution in the microstructure (maturity) and the w/c ratio. The fastest dynamics (processes 1 and 2, representing very local water dynamics) are independent of water content and the degree of maturity whereas the slowest dynamics (processes 3 and 4) are dependent on the microstructure developed during curing. Additionally, we analyze the differences regarding the water dynamics when confined in synthetic C-S-H gel and in the C-S-H of Portland cement.