bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic corporate social responsibility: micro-to-macro transitions, collective outcomes and self-regulation
Authors: Beal Brent D. , Neesham Cristina 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to call attention to the need to revitalize the systemic nature of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and offer some suggestions about how this might be accomplished. The authors introduce the concept of systemic CSR and associate it with micro-to-macro transitions, the need to make systemic objectives explicit and the responsibility of system participants to regulate their behavior to contribute to these outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors comment, from a systemic perspective, on four different management approaches to CSR – shareholder value, corporate social performance, stakeholder theory and corporate citizenship. Three general systemic principles that participants can use as decision-making guides are a focus on value creation, ongoing assessment of collective outcomes and reflective engagement in the aggregation process.FindingsThe authors observe that businesses routinely demonstrate their ability to think in systemic terms in strategic contexts that require it. If businesses can address systemic issues in these contexts, then they can also apply systemic logic in furtherance of collective (or system-level) objectives.Originality/valueThe authors propose an approach to CSR that emphasizes micro-to-macro transitions, the need to make systemic objectives explicit and the responsibility of system participants to regulate their behavior to contribute to these desired objectives. Systemic CSR is unique in its explicit focus on the micro-to-macro transition (i.e. the process of aggregation), systemic objectives and the need to actively insource responsibility for contribution to the realization of those objectives.
The moderating effect of profitability and leverage on the relationship between eco-efficiency and firm value in publicly traded Malaysian firms
Authors: Osazuwa Nosakhare Peter , Che-Ahmad Ayoib 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of profitability and leverage on the relationship between eco-efficiency and firm value.Design/methodology/approachThe study extends the Ohlson’s model on value relevance using the hierarchical regression analysis to establish the moderating effects of the firm-specific variables. The sample includes 667 non-financial firms from the Bursa Malaysia, as of 2013. The data for eco-efficiency were extracted from content analysis of the annual report, whereas the financial data were retrieved from the data stream.FindingsThe study provides support for the stakeholder theory that purports that managers must develop a relationship with stakeholders by embarking on environmental friendly practices to maintain a positive firm value. The study shows a positive association between eco-efficiency and the value of the firm and provides support for a positive moderating relationship for profitability in the relationship between eco-efficiency and firm value, whereas there was no significant effect for leverage in the relationship.Research limitations/implicationsIt should be noted that, first, the data comprised exclusively Malaysian companies. Including firms from similar developing countries with varying institutional make-up and culture would enhance the understanding of the subject. Second, considering that the data for this study is cross-sectional, it may not be sufficient to draw strong causal influences. The study is the first to the best of the researcher’s knowledge to provide evidence that profitability positively moderates the relationship between eco-efficiency and firm value.Practical implicationsThe result shows the management and potential investors that an investment in eco-efficiency will lead to a higher firm value, irrespective of the debt profile of the firm and that profitable firms are more likely to embark on an eco-efficient policy.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by providing evidence from a developing country’s perspective, as well as extending prior studies that merely examined the direct relationship, to now explore the moderating relationship of profitability and leverage in the relationship between eco-efficiency and firm value using a large sample.
Prospects for the aerospace industry in the Sudan
Authors: Dafa’Alla Adil Ahmed 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contribution of the Sudanese manufacturing sector to the Sudanese economy and assess the role that aerospace industry, in particular, can play as a driver for achieving sustainable development in the Sudan.Design/methodology/approach– This paper reviewed and analysed the contribution of the industrial sector to the Sudanese economy based on the comprehensive industrial survey carried out with the assistance of United Nations Industrial Development Organisation and United Nations Development Programme in 2001. It then went on to assess the role that aerospace industry can play in improving the contribution of this sector to the Sudanese and regional economy and achieving sustainable development. Evidence from global industrial views, international economic reports and experience of other countries in similar situation as the Sudan was used to support arguments.Findings– The Sudanese economy is agriculturally based. A heavy injection of industrialisation of the economy is essential in order to improve the trade balance and help the country out of the poverty zone. The aerospace industry is an important ingredient of the required dose as the global and regional demand is high and the flourishing regional economy is encouraging. The paper argues that building a flourishing aerospace industry as an important element of sustainable development plan for the Sudan is a shared responsibility of good government, quality education and well-guided investment.Practical implications– The paper is proposing a practical way to transform the character of the Sudanese economy and help it to set on a sustainable development path that will alleviate poverty and improve the standard of living of its citizens.Originality/value– The paper gives critical assessment of the role of the industrial sector in driving the Sudanese economy, which is seriously lacking in the literature. Additionally, the paper introduces building a flourishing aerospace industry in the Sudan as an important ingredient to boost the manufacturing sector, hence, improve the economy, fight poverty and a step towards achieving sustainable development.
Consumers at play: negotiations of identity in a Japanese preschool
Authors: Takahashi Mayumi 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The aim of this article is to explore how young children (five year olds) collectively construct pretend identities with peers in play while using and negotiating consumer knowledge and experiences. Particular attention is given to children’s collaborative transformation of objects, ideas, places and persons, as they occur in the context of pretend play.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were gathered from ethnographic fieldwork in a local preschool in Japan. Two classes of five-year-old children (both boys and girls) were observed over four months. The theoretical framework highlights the dynamic and fluid interactional sphere and conversational exchanges through which pretend identities are created, negotiated and expanded.

Findings
In the findings, children’s construction of pretend identities is identified in terms of three characteristic forms of interaction in play: children’s reciprocal immediacy; maintaining and challenging participation; and willingness and collaboration to expand a play theme. Children’s collective construction of pretend identities indicates that playing roles means playing rules.

Originality/value
Through participant observation focusing of children’s perspectives and practices, this study contributes both to childhood studies and consumption studies. It also contributes to insight into how young children in the Japanese preschool experience consumer culture in a specific socio-cultural environment and how they construct peer relationships.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRB regulates Src phosphorylation and tumour progression in NSCLC
Authors: Qi Yinliang , Dai Yuanchang , Gui Shuyu 
Published: June 2016

SummaryProtein tyrosine‐phosphatases (PTPs) play important roles in various biological processes. Deregulation in PTP function has been implicated in carcinogenesis and tumour progression in many cancer types. However, the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type B (PTPRB) in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumorigenesis has not been investigated. Lentiviral vector expressing PTPRB cDNA or shRNA was infected into A549 and H1299 cell lines, followed by cell proliferation, colony formation, soft agar and invasion assays. A549 xenograft mouse model was used to evaluate in vivo function of PTPRB. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure PTPRB expression in NSCLC patient samples. Kaplan Meier analysis was performed to assess association between PTPRB expression and patient overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate prognostic significance of PTPRB. Overexpression of PTPRB reduced cell proliferation rate, colony formation efficiency, soft agar growth and cell invasion in A549 and H1299 cells, as well as tumour growth rate in A549 xenograft. Knockdown of PTPRB increased Src phosphorylation and cell invasion, which was reversed by Src inhibitor PP2. Additionally, PTPRB was down‐regulated in NSCLC patient and was associated with patient OS. PTPRB regulates Src phosphorylation and tumorigenesis in NSCLC. PTPRB may serve as an independent prognostic biomarker for NSCLC patients.
Undergraduate Laboratory Exercises Specific to Food Spoilage Microbiology
Authors: Snyder Abigail B. , Worobo Randy W. , Orta‐Ramirez Alicia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFood spoilage has an enormous economic impact, and microbial food spoilage plays a significant role in food waste and loss; subsequently, an equally significant portion of undergraduate food microbiology instruction should be dedicated to spoilage microbiology. Here, we describe a set of undergraduate microbiology laboratory exercises that focus specifically on food spoilage which were taught in 2 lab periods as part of the undergraduate food microbiology lab curriculum at Cornell University. The lab was broken down into 3 exercises. Two exercises lead students to determine the likely source of contamination in a canned salsa through (exercise 1a) plating and observation of colony morphology and (exercise 1b) determination of the thermal resistance for those isolates. The final exercise (2) involved detection of the spoilage bacterium Alicyclobacillus in apple juice. Spoiled juice demonstrations were also prepared in this exercise for students to observe sensorial changes resulting from spoilage, emphasizing that spoilage is not always visually detectable. Students were able to successfully determine the source of contamination based on the results of their laboratory findings, which they used to make recommendations for production to reduce microbial food spoilage in the canned salsa product. Based on student answers to discussion questions provided following lab exercises, participants were able to (a) identify the significance of microbial spoilage and how spoilage is principally different from food safety, (b) describe varying sensorial changes associated with microbial spoilage, and (c) employ methods and analysis to evaluate sources and type of contamination. Downloadable handouts and stepwise instructions are available as supporting information.
Phosphate Removal During Long Nocturnal Hemodialysis/Hemodiafiltration: A Study With Total Dialysate Collection
Authors: Zupančič Tina , Ponikvar Rafael , Gubenšek Jakob , Buturović‐Ponikvar Jadranka 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe aim of our prospective study was to quantify phosphate removal during long nocturnal high‐flux hemodialysis or hemodiafiltration (HD) with total dialysate collection. Eight patients (two women) were studied for the first‐in‐the‐week HD session that lasted 7–8 h. Total dialysate was collected. Serum and collected dialysate phosphate concentrations were measured every hour. Phosphate removal as assessed from the serum concentration was most important during the first 2 h of HD, and then a plateau was reached. The highest average phosphate concentration in the total dialysate was in the 1st hour, thereafter the concentration decreased but remained stable. The average total removed mass of phosphate quantified from hourly collected dialysate was 5195.7 ± 1898 mg. Phosphate had been removed in a consistent manner during the whole duration of nocturnal HD as assessed through dialysate (despite stable serum phosphate concentration). This could indicate phosphate transfer from intracellular space. The total removed phosphate quantified from the total dialysate collection was higher than previously reported and exceeded the normal phosphate food intake.
Chronic Hemodialysis in Small Children
Authors: Novljan Gregor , Rus Rina R , Premru Vladimir , Ponikvar Rafael , Battelino Nina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWhen peritoneal dialysis is inapplicable, chronic hemodialysis (HD) becomes the only available treatment option in small children. Due to small patient size, central venous catheters (CVC) are mainly used for vascular access. Over the past 4 years, four children weighing less than 15 kg received chronic HD in our unit. A total of 848 dialysis sessions were performed. Altogether, 21 catheters were inserted. In all but one occasion, uncuffed catheters were used. Catheter revision was performed 15 times during the study period, either due to infection or catheter malfunction. The median number of catheter revisions and the median line survival was 3.0/patient‐year and 53 days (range; 6–373 days), respectively. There were 14 episodes of catheter related infections requiring 11 CVC revisions (78.6%). The median rate of line infections was 2.8/patient‐year. Chronic HD in small children is demanding and labor intensive. Issues pertain mainly to CVCs and limit its long‐term use.
End‐Stage Renal Disease in an Infant With Hajdu‐Cheney Syndrome
Authors: Battelino Nina , Writzl Karin , Bratanič Nevenka , Irving Melita D , Novljan Gregor 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHajdu‐Cheney syndrome (HJCYS) is a rare, autosomal dominant, skeletal disorder caused by mutations in the NOTCH2 signaling pathway for which genetic testing has recently become available. Renal abnormalities are associated in at least 10% of cases. We present an 8‐year‐old Caucasian boy, born with multiple dysmorphic features consistent with HJCYS. Imaging of the urinary tract revealed bilateral cystic dysplastic kidneys with associated vesicoureteral reflux. Renal function has been impaired since birth and deteriorated progressively to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) by the age of two and a half years, when peritoneal dialysis was initiated and only recently renal transplantation was performed. Additional congenital abnormalities and multisystem involvement in HJCYS further complicated management, and he developed refractory anemia. Molecular diagnosis was confirmed by identification of a truncating mutation in exon 34 of NOTCH2. Although, renal abnormalities are considered an integral part of the HJCYS, published reports on ESRD are scarce. In those few published cases, where ESRD was recognized, renal failure developed either in late adolescence or adulthood. This is the first report of early ESRD occurring in a child. Patients with HJCYS may need chronic renal replacement therapy even in early childhood. The management of these children can be challenging given the multisystemic manifestations of HJCYS.
Effects of the Polysaccharide from the Sporophyll of Brown Alga Undaria Pinnatifida on Serum Lipid Profile and Fat Tissue Accumulation in Rats Fed a High‐Fat Diet
Authors: Kim Byoung‐Mok , Park Jae‐Ho , Kim Dong‐Soo , Kim Young‐Myung , Jun Joon‐Young , Jeong In‐Hak , Chi Young‐Min 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe investigated the effects of the polysaccharide from the sporophyll of a selected brown alga Undaria pinnatifida on serum lipid profile, fat tissue accumulation, and gastrointestinal transit time in rats fed a high‐fat diet. The algal polysaccharide (AP) was prepared by the treatment of multiple cellulase‐producing fungi Trichoderma reesei and obtained from the sporophyll with a yield of 38.7% (dry basis). The AP was mostly composed of alginate and fucoidan (up to 89%) in a ratio of 3.75:1. The AP was added to the high‐fat diet in concentrations of 0.6% and 1.7% and was given to male Sprague–Dawley rats (5‐wk‐old) for 5 wk. The 1.7% AP addition notably reduced body weight gain and fat tissue accumulation, and it improved the serum lipid profile, including triglycerides, total cholesterol, and very low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol. The effects were associated with increased feces weight and shortened gastrointestinal transit time. In addition, the lipid peroxidation of the liver was decreased in both groups.
Efficacy of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water and UV‐Ozonated Water Combination for Inactivating Escherichia Coli O157:H7 on Romaine and Iceberg Lettuce during Spray Washing Process
Authors: Pang Yu‐Hsin , Hung Yen‐Con 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSpray washing is a common sanitizing method for the fresh produce industry. The purpose of this research was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of spraying slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and a combination of ozonated water with ultraviolet (UV) in reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 on romaine and iceberg lettuces. Both romaine and iceberg lettuces were spot inoculated with 100 μL of a 3 strain mixture of E. coli O157:H7 to achieve an inoculum of 6 log CFU/g on lettuce. A strong antimicrobial effect was observed for the UV‐ozonated water combination, which reduced the population of E. coli by 5 log CFU/g of E. coli O157:H7 on both lettuces. SAEW achieved about 5 log CFU/g reductions in the bacterial counts on romaine lettuce. However, less than 2.5 log CFU/g in the population of E. coli O157:H7 was reduced on iceberg lettuce. The difference may be due to bacteria aggregation near and within stomata for iceberg lettuce but not for romaine lettuce. The UV light treatment may stimulate the opening of the stomata for the UV‐ozonated water treatment and hence achieve better bacterial inactivation than the SAEW treatment for iceberg lettuce. Our results demonstrated that the combined treatment of SAEW and UV‐ozonated water in the spray washing process could more effectively reduce E. coli O157:H7 on lettuce, which in turn may help reduce incidences of E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks.
An East Asian subgroup analysis of PROCLAIM, a phase III trial of pemetrexed and cisplatin or etoposide and cisplatin plus thoracic radiation therapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy in locally advanced nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Luhua , Wu Yi‐Long , Lu Shun , Deng Lei , Ahn Myung‐Ju , Hsu Feng‐Ming , Iscoe Neill , Hossain Anwar , Puri Tarun , Zhang Pinghai , Orlando Mauro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimPROCLAIM, a phase III trial of patients with nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer comparing concurrent pemetrexed‐cisplatin and thoracic radiation therapy followed by consolidation pemetrexed, did not meet its primary endpoint of superior overall survival versus etoposide‐cisplatin and thoracic radiation therapy followed by a consolidation platinum doublet of choice. The results from an East Asian subgroup analysis are presented here.MethodsA subgroup analysis was performed for all patients randomized from China (n = 61), Taiwan (n = 25), and Korea (n = 11).ResultsBaseline characteristics were balanced between treatment arms for East Asian patients. In the 97 randomized East Asian patients, median overall survival was 26.8 months for the pemetrexed‐cisplatin arm and 36.3 months for the etoposide‐cisplatin arm (hazard ratio: 1.23; 95% confidence interval: 0.70–2.14; P = 0.469). Median progression‐free survival was 10.0 months for the pemetrexed‐cisplatin arm and 7.6 months for the etoposide‐cisplatin arm (hazard ratio: 0.97; 95% confidence interval: 0.61–1.54; P = 0.890). The objective response rate was 47.7% in the pemetrexed‐cisplatin arm and 34.0% in the etoposide‐cisplatin arm (P = 0.167). In the 90 treated East Asian patients, the overall incidence of drug‐related grade 3–4 treatment‐emergent adverse events was significantly lower in the pemetrexed‐cisplatin arm versus the etoposide‐cisplatin arm (61.4% vs 91.3%; P = 0.001).ConclusionFor East Asian patients, pemetrexed‐cisplatin combined with thoracic radiation therapy, followed by consolidation pemetrexed, did not improve overall survival but did have a good safety profile with a trend for improved progression‐free survival and objective response rate compared to standard chemoradiotherapy for stage III unresectable nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer.
Yield of adenomas and colorectal cancers within 5 years of a negative colonoscopy: are the guidelines guiding?
Authors: Tee Chin Li , Stephensen Bree , Sloss Andrew , Grieve David A. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundScreening for colorectal cancers outside the recommended guidelines presents a considerable burden to resource management in many public hospitals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency, indications and outcomes for repeat colonoscopy performed within 5 years of a negative colonoscopy.MethodsA retrospective review of all colonoscopies at Nambour Hospital in 2008 was performed to identify those with a negative colonoscopy. The charts of patients undergoing repeat colonoscopy at the same institution within 5 years of a negative colonoscopy were examined further, and data obtained regarding indications and outcomes of subsequent colonoscopies.ResultsA total of 616 colonoscopies were identified, 427 (69.3%) were negative for adenoma and carcinoma. Of these patients, 74 (17.3%) underwent a repeat colonoscopy at Nambour Hospital within 5 years. Eighteen out of 74 (24.3%) were outside guideline recommendation. Overall, one patient (1.4%) had cancer and 11 patients (14.9%) had polyps detected at repeat colonoscopy. Most of the polyps detected had low‐risk features and were detected in the fourth and fifth years of the study period.ConclusionThe yield of a second colonoscopy within 5 years of a good‐quality negative colonoscopy is low but not zero. In the absence of new concerning symptoms or other risk factors, patients can be reassured and guidelines adhered to.