bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Organization and Dynamic Activity in the Superior Colliculus of the Echolocating Bat,Eptesicus fuscus
Authors: Wohlgemuth Melville J. , Kothari Ninad B. , Moss Cynthia F. 
Published: November 2017

Sensory-guided behaviors require the transformation of sensory information into task-specific motor commands. Prior research on sensorimotor integration has emphasized visuomotor processes in the context of simplified orienting movements in controlled laboratory tasks rather than an animal's more complete, natural behavioral repertoire. Here, we conducted a series of neural recording experiments in the midbrain superior colliculus (SC) of echolocating bats engaged in a sonar target-tracking task that invoked dynamic active sensing behaviors. We hypothesized that SC activity in freely behaving animals would reveal dynamic shifts in neural firing patterns within and across sensory, sensorimotor, and premotor layers. We recorded neural activity in the SC of freely echolocating bats (three females and one male) and replicated the general trends reported in other species with sensory responses in the dorsal divisions and premotor activity in ventral divisions of the SC. However, within this coarse functional organization, we discovered that sensory and motor neurons are comingled within layers throughout the volume of the bat SC. In addition, as the bat increased pulse rate adaptively to increase resolution of the target location with closing distance, the activity of sensory and vocal premotor neurons changed such that auditory response times decreased, and vocal premotor lead times shortened. This finding demonstrates that SC activity can be modified dynamically in concert with adaptive behaviors and suggests that an integrated functional organization within SC laminae supports rapid and local integration of sensory and motor signals for natural, adaptive behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNatural sensory-guided behaviors involve the rapid integration of information from the environment to direct flexible motor actions. The vast majority of research on sensorimotor integration has used artificial stimuli and simplified behaviors, leaving open questions about nervous system function in the context of natural tasks. Our work investigated mechanisms of dynamic sensorimotor feedback control by analyzing patterns of neural activity in the midbrain superior colliculus (SC) of an echolocating bat tracking and intercepting moving prey. Recordings revealed that sensory and motor neurons comingle within laminae of the SC to support rapid sensorimotor integration. Further, we discovered that neural activity in the bat SC changes with dynamic adaptations in the animal's echolocation behavior.
To the Past and Beyond: African American History Films in Dialogue with the Present
Authors: Massood Paula J. 
Published: November 2017

Over the last decade a number of historical dramas, including Selma (Ava DuVernay, 2014), Twelve Years a Slave (Steve McQueen, 2013), and The Birth of a Nation (Nate Parker, 2016), have been the recipients of numerous accolades, screening at festivals and winning prestigious awards. The films are linked by a focus on the past, particularly the antebellum and Civil Rights eras, and a shared commitment to providing historical narratives from African American perspectives. In many ways, they continue in the tradition of the slave narrative/abolitionist melodrama, with Twelve Years a Slave perhaps the closest embodiment of the genre and Selma, despite its more contemporary setting, a close second.
At first glance, the green-lighting of such historical films, particularly those that capitalize on the genre's melodramatic aspects, can be interpreted as signaling the industry's belief that antiblack racism is a thing of the past, or perhaps a conviction that American society is ready to face its “original sin” of slavery. A more generous interpretation might suggest a genuine media interest in African American history. Regardless, the continuing engagement with such narratives raises important questions about the longstanding relationship between cinema and history, and the former's capacity to relate African American stories within a medium that has its own troubled representational past as a birthright, one memorialized in D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation (1915). Films such as Nate Parker's The Birth of a Nation and Selma reflect upon and refract many pasts and presents, prompting considerations of what's changed, and, more importantly, what hasn't. They also raise questions about the feasibility of the historical genre's ability to convey black history, especially when the form is overdetermined by contemporary expectations of historical accuracy. If Hollywood's plantation/Civil Rights formula no longer works, then productive alternatives can be created, either in fiction or nonfiction film, that cannot only relate the past but also link that past to the ongoing effects of antiblack racism in the twenty-first century.
Vestiges of Motherhood: The Maternal Function in Recent Black Cinema
Authors: Bradley Rizvana 
Published: November 2017

While the lack of black femme presence is theorized explicitly with respect to film genres and the canon of American cinema in the work of Kara Keeling, the ontological position of the black femme (whom Keeling understands to be both visually impossible and interdicted yet full of cinematic possibility) has long been a point of interrogation in Black Studies with an extensive critical genealogy. In Saidiya Hartman's book Lose Your Mother: A Journey Along the Atlantic Slave Route, the loss of the black mother animates the historical imagination of transatlantic slavery, just as her loss is irreducibly felt in relation to its afterlife. In the work of Frank B. Wilderson III, there is an explicit rejection of the potential of the black woman within film, specifically the viability of her maternal function, insofar as the black mother remains categorically essential to the construction of black (masculine) subjectivity.
In light of the contradictory arc of this genealogy, the current task is not only to theorize the black maternal as an extension of the black femme, but to bring that position into view as the unthought. The black mother tends to be dramatized as the singular figure through which the cinema cultivates a distinctly black visual historiography. Even when placed under narrative erasure or withheld from view, the mother crystallizes a cinematic black aesthetic that fashions and envisions diasporic culture and forms of black collectivity as tied to a speculative and fraught filial genealogy.
The critical arc in black narrative cinema over the last ten years from Get Out to Pariah, to Mother of George, and finally to Moonlight insists upon black motherhood as integral to the aesthetics of form and the genre-making capacities of film. One could go so far as to claim that the elements of cinematic form that drive these narratives reflect aesthetic choices that have to do with coloration, shot position, and narrative flashbacks that are themselves bound up with and inflected through the haunting and cipher-like construction of black maternal figures. Furthermore, these films insist upon simultaneously marking and excluding the mother from the emotional drama of black subjective life and its complex and contradictory expressions of intimacy, which have as much to do with the breaking and splintering of familial bonds as bridging gaps. It is clear that the mother sutures these bonds; she is a scar, a visible reminder and remainder of a terrible historicity that cannot be assimilated into the idealization of the American family.
Screenings
Authors: Smith Paul Julian 
Published: November 2017

The seventh edition of the Statistical Yearbook of Mexican Cinema, which covers 2016, was launched at the Guadalajara International Film Festival by IMCINE (Instituto Méxicano de Cinematografía), the national film institute. Some months later the eleventh edition of the Ibero-American Observatory of Television Fiction, also devoted to 2016, was presented by international research group OBITEL (Ibero-American Observatory of Television Fiction) at the Autonomous University of Barcelona. Both surveys compile exhaustive quantitative data and track qualitative trends in their respective media. This year, the pair offer invaluable evidence for evolution and convergence in the Mexican (and Spanish American) audiovisual field, thereby providing an account of the most important trends. Sometimes the findings can be counterintuitive, proving for example that (contrary to industry complaints) the Mexican government does indeed strongly support cinema and that (contrary to journalistic rumors of its demise) broadcast television is by no means dead in the region. But the handbooks also provide essential context for Netflix's first production in Mexico — and one of the most important and innovative series of recent years — the soccer comedy, Club de Cuervos ([Crows Club], 2015–).
In keeping with this changing scene, OBITEL focused its case study of transmedia on Netflix's limited series Club de Cuervos. As noted in the handbook, the producers' aim was to avoid “telenovelizing” its content. Club de Cuervos exemplifies the trends seen in current Mexican film and television production, even as it blurs the distinction between the two in typical Netflix fashion. Mexican industry insiders still resent the U.S. domination of film distribution in theaters, and Club de Cuervos raises those stakes.
Prevalence of defining malignancies in adult patients with HIV/AIDS in the National Cancer Institute of Colombia. 2007-2014
Authors: Álvarez-Guevara Deisy , Cuervo-Maldonado Sonia , Sánchez Ricardo , Gómez-Rincón Julio , Ramírez Nancy 
Published: November 2017

Introducción. El uso de la terapia antirretroviral ha aumentado la supervivencia de los pacientes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y, como consecuencia, la prevalencia de cánceres definitorios y no definitorios. En Colombia no se conoce información al respecto.Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de neoplasias definitorias en pacientes adultos con VIH del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología en un período de 7 años.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo que incluyó pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de VIH y cáncer. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, conteo de CD4, carga viral y tratamiento antirretroviral. Se establecieron medidas de asociación entre las últimas tres variables y la aparición de neoplasias definitorias.Resultados. Se estudiaron 139 pacientes con diagnóstico de VIH y cáncer, 84.2% de los cuales eran hombres. El rango de edad osciló entre 18 y 71 años con una media de 41.3±10.9 años. Las neoplasias definitorias se presentaron en 65.5% de los casos; la más frecuente fue el linfoma no Hodgkin. El porcentaje restante correspondió a neoplasias no definitorias, en su mayoría, cáncer anal y linfoma de Hodgkin.Conclusión. Pese a la tendencia mundial, en la población evaluada hay preponderancia de neoplasias definitorias, las cuales —al igual que el VIH— siguen detectándose de forma tardía.
Ritka örökletes anyagcsere-betegségek diagnosztikája: laboratóriumi vizsgálati megközelítések
Authors: Szabó Eszter , Balogh Lídia , Szabó Attila , Szatmári Ildikó 
Published: November 2017

Abstract: Inherited errors of metabolism are rare genetic disorders characterized by diverse clinical and biochemical phenotypes. The complexity of signs and symptoms often presents a challenge for both clinicians and laboratory specialists. In many cases, prevention of permanent neurological symptoms or death in patients presenting these disorders is dependent on early diagnosis and introduction of appropriate therapy. For professionals it is indispensable to be familiar with the major clinical signs of inborn errors of metabolism and with the necessary and available laboratory studies to achieve an early diagnosis. The review tries to give a way of approach, diagnostic algorithm of laboratory measurements for the correct diagnosis in inherited errors of metabolism. The combination of biochemical and clinical signs, results of special metabolic investigations represent a portentous challenge in general practice. For the correct diagnosis of an inherited error of metabolism, the teamwork between clinicians and laboratory specialists is indispensable. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(48): 1903–1907.
The behaviour of long tension reinforcement laps
Authors: Micallef Marianna , Vollum Robert L. 
Published: November 2017

Over time, the length of reinforcement laps required by design standards has increased significantly. By way of illustration, fib Model Code 2010 can require over twice the lap length required by the superseded UK code BS 8110-1:1997. The need for this increase is debatable since, outside the laboratory, there is no evidence that laps designed to BS 8110-1:1997 are unsafe. This paper describes an experimental programme undertaken to compare the failure modes of beams with laps of varying length loaded in four-point bending. The tested laps were classified as ‘short’, ‘long’ or ‘very long’, with long laps just sufficient to develop reinforcement yield. The very long laps were between 1·5 and 2·0 times the length of the long laps. The tested laps were between bars of equal as well as mixed diameter, with diameters in the range 16–25 mm. Instrumentation included strain gauges and digital image correlation, which was used to record crack development. Bond failure was very sudden and brittle in the short laps. The failure modes of both long and very long laps were ductile due to flexural reinforcement yield. However, bond failure occurred subsequent to yield in long laps including at least one 25 mm diameter bar.
Direct environmental impacts of solar power in two arid biomes: An initial investigation
Authors: Rudman Justine , Gauché Paul , Esler Karen J. 
Published: November 2017

According to recent national energy plans and policy documents, the number of renewable energy developments is expected to increase in South Africa, thus contributing to the diversification of the country’s energy system. Consequently, numerous solar power developments are being deployed in the sunny arid interior – areas generally represented by the Nama-Karoo and Savanna Biomes. These developments come with a range of novel environmental impacts, providing opportunities for multidimensional exploratory research. Here, a mixed-method approach was used to identify and investigate possible environmental impacts associated with two types of solar power plants: concentrating solar power and photovoltaic. Structured interviews conducted with experts and experienced professionals, together with observations from site visits generated complementary findings. In addition to the risk of cumulative ecological impacts associated with individual solar plant developments, landscape impacts of multiple power plants and the direct impact on avifauna were found to be the most significant environmental impacts. These direct impacts appear to be most significant during the construction stage, which represents an intensive 10% of the total power plant lifespan. This investigation provides an early, broad and informative perspective on the experienced and expected impacts of solar power in South African arid regions as well as insights to possible future research areas.

Significance:

Solar power represents a large component of the needed diversification of South Africa’s electricity system.
Research on the environmental impacts of solar power developments in the arid biomes of South Africa still is relatively scarce.
Increased energy developments in the arid biomes will require knowledge of the associated impacts for conservation planning.
Identification of environmental impacts throughout solar power lifespans enables informed management.
Monitoramento do ambiente e sua influência nas capacidades dinâmicas
Authors: Machado Mirian Magnus , Dalfovo Michael Samir , Gonçalves Andressa , Cunha Vanessa Caroline da 
Published: November 2017

O monitoramento do ambiente é um dos fatores chaves para a tomada de decisão dentro de uma organização, pois através dele é possível adquirir informações sobre o ambiente onde a organização está inserida, fazendo com que a estratégia a ser definida seja a mais precisa e assertiva possível. As capacidades dinâmicas referem-se a como as organizações se moldam as constantes mudanças de mercado, a forma com que elas agem e se adaptam para alcançar e manter sua vantagem competitiva. O objetivo central deste estudo é analisar a influência do monitoramento do ambiente nas capacidades dinâmicas. Com o intuito de alcançar este objetivo foi realizada uma pesquisa que se caracterizou como descritiva e com abordagem quantitativa, em uma amostra de 404 empresas de Micro, Pequeno e Médio Porte localizadas em determinada região do Sul do Brasil. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a análise fatorial confirmatória e a modelagem das equações estruturais. Os resultados alcançados apontam a influência de 78% do monitoramento do ambiente nas capacidades dinâmicas das empresas estudadas, objetivando a vantagem competitiva e adaptação ao mercado onde estão inseridas.
THE CONCEPT OF «ECOLOGICAL TOURISM» IN THE WORLD AND RUSSIAN PRACTICE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND CASES
Authors: Афанасьев Олег , Afanasev Oleg , Афанасьева Александра , Afanaseva Aleksandra 
Published: November 2017

The article is focused on the ecotourism from the point of view of the ecological paradigm, the ecological imperative and the concept of natureuse. Based on the methodology of comparative analysis, the research experience in the field of ecotourism in foreign scientific practice is considered. It is noted that one of the fundamental problems of ecotourism is ambiguity and breadth of its interpretations and definitions. The authors consider controversial questions about the destructive function inherent in ecotourism, and outline the problem of its mythologization, the “crisis of legitimacy”, and the formation of the phenomenon of “eco-colonialism”. The article raises a problematic question about the discussion of the concept of ecotourism as kind of tourism, and substantiates the expediency of its positioning as an organizational form of the tourism industry. Within the framework of the discussion on components and the classification of ecotourism,
the authors present their classification of ecotourism types depending on the motivation factors and quantity of tourists. On this basis, the authors distinguish three form-clusters of ecotourism, including 16 of its types. The problem of integration of ecotourism scientific schools of different countries is considered.
The article considers the cases of the world experience of ecotourism and Russian practices of organization of this form of activity. The authors describe the principles for elaborating the ecological tourism marketing strategy of the Volga region. This region has huge potential for ecotourism development in the country, and its rich positive experience in this field can be taken as a basis for developing this kind of tourism activity in other regions of the country. The authors make conclusion about the necessity and urgency of a radical review of composition scheme and conceptual understanding of the phenomenon of ecotourism, which should become a paradigm of the whole tourism sphere, the basis for its further growth and development both in Russia and in the world.
Temperature behaviour on deposition of the titanium nitride thin films on the H13 steel by the electric arc discharge in vacuum
Authors: Lara-Ortiz Laura , Parada-Becerra Fredy Fabián , Valbuena-Niño Ely Dannier , Tsygankov Piotr A , Dugar-Zhabon Valeriy , Plata-Gómez Arturo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjective: In this present research work the behaviour of temperature of the substrate manufactured in AISI H13 steel, in the range of and , during of surface deposition of titanium nitride (TiN) thin films by the technique of cathodic arc in vacuum. Results: The physical properties of the TiN films were obtained and analysed by the techniques of micro-indentation, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Conclusion: It was determined that the increase in the temperature of the substrate during the deposition of TiN films improves the mechanical properties of the surface of the steel of type AISI H13, where the highest hardness was present in the coating deposited at a temperature of , which has a preferential orientation in the plane determined by the XRD patterns.Keyword: Coatings, Metal substrates, Substrate temperatureResumenObjetivo: En el presente trabajo de investigación se estudia el comportamiento de la temperatura del sustrato, fabricado en acero de tipo AISI H13, en el rango de y , durante la deposición superficial de películas delgadas de nitruro de titanio (TiN) por la técnica de arco catódico en vacío. Resultados: Las propiedades físicas de las películas de TiN fueron obtenidas y analizadas mediante las técnicas la micro-indentación, microscopía de fuerza atómica (AFM) y la difracción de rayos x (DRX). Conclusión: Se determinó que el incremento en la temperatura del sustrato durante la deposición de las películas de TiN, mejora las propiedades mecánicas de la superficie del acero de tipo AISI H13, donde la mayor dureza se presentó en el recubrimiento depositado a una temperatura de , el cual tiene una orientación preferencial en el plano determinada por los patrones de DRX.Palabra Clave: Revestimientos, Sustratos metálicos, Temperatura del sustrato Resumo Objetivo: No presente pesquisa é estudado o comportamento da temperatura do substrato, feito de aço de tipo AISI H13, no intervalo de e , durante a deposição superfície das películas finas de nitreto de titânio (TiN) por meio da técnica de arco catico em vácuo. Resultados: As propriedades físicas dos filmes de TiN foram obtidos e analisados pelas técnicas de micro-indentação, microscopia de força atómica (AFM) e difracção de raios-X (DRX). Conclusão: determinou-se que o aumento de temperatura do substrato durante a deposição do filme de TiN, melhora as propriedades mecânicas da superfície do aço de tipo AISI H13, onde a maior dureza foi apresentada no revestimento depositado a uma temperatura de , que tem uma orientação preferida no plano determinados pelos padrões de DRX.Palavras-chave: Revestimentos, Substratos metálicos, Temperatura do sustrato