bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presentation of Acute Childhood Stroke in a Tertiary Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Yock-Corrales Adriana , Varela-Bulgarelli Flory , Barboza Cary , Gutierrez-Mata Alfonso , Mackay Mark T. , Babl Franz 
Published: October 2016

Objectives
The aim was to describe clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of stroke in a tertiary emergency department (ED) of a developing country.

Methodology
Retrospective case series of patients aged 1 month to 18 years presenting to an ED with radiological confirmed acute stroke during a 7-year period were studied.

Results
Ninety-five patients were identified. Twenty-five patients were excluded because of incomplete records (8) or not presenting via ED (17). Thirty-four (48.5%) were diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke (HS), 30 (42.8%) with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), and 6 (8.5%) with sinus venous thrombosis (SVT). Mean age was 5.3 years, and 55.3% were male. The median time from onset of symptoms to ED presentation was 24 hours (mean, 55 hours; interquartile range [IQR], 14–72) for AIS, 24 hours (mean, 46.9 hours; IQR, 9–48) for HS, and 120 hours (mean,112 hours; IQR, 72–168) for SVT. Congenital cardiac disease was the most common risk factor (9%). For AIS, the most common symptoms were focal numbness 56.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37.8%–75.4%), focal weakness 56.6% (95% CI, 37.8%–75.4%), and seizures 50% (95% CI, 31%–68.8%). For HS, the most common symptoms were headache 64.7% (95% CI, 47.7%–81.6%), vomiting 79.4 (95% CI, 65–93.7), and altered mental status 64.7% (95% CI, 47.7–81.6). Computed tomography scan was done in 100% of the patients and magnetic resonance imaging in 54%. Twenty-five (36%) patients were admitted to intensive care unit and required intubation. Long-term deficit was identified in 24 (36%) patients based on medium-term follow-up.

Conclusions
The spectrum of stroke in a developing country was similar to published series from developed countries in terms of final diagnosis, risk factors, and delay to ED presentation, neuroimaging, and long-term neurodeficits. No tropical diseases were identified as risk factors.
Improved insights into protein thermal stability: from the molecular to the structurome scale
Authors: Pucci Fabrizio , Rooman Marianne 
Published: October 2016

Despite the intense efforts of the last decades to understand the thermal stability of proteins, the mechanisms responsible for its modulation still remain debated. In this investigation, we tackle this issue by showing how a multiscale perspective can yield new insights. With the help of temperature-dependent statistical potentials, we analysed some amino acid interactions at the molecular level, which are suggested to be relevant for the enhancement of thermal resistance. We then investigated the thermal stability at the protein level by quantifying its modification upon amino acid substitutions. Finally, a large scale analysis of protein stability—at the structurome level—contributed to the clarification of the relation between stability and natural evolution, thereby showing that the mutational profile of proteins differs according to their thermal properties. Some considerations on how the multiscale approach could help in unravelling the protein stability mechanisms are briefly discussed.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling at the physics–chemistry–biology interface’.
Generation of mechanical force by grafted polyelectrolytes in an electric field: application to polyelectrolyte-based nano-devices
Authors: Brilliantov N. V. , Budkov Yu. A. , Seidel C. 
Published: October 2016

We analyse theoretically and by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations the generation of mechanical force by a polyelectrolyte (PE) chain grafted to a plane. The PE is exposed to an external electric field that favours its adsorption on the plane. The free end of the chain is linked to a deformable target body. By varying the field, one can alter the length of the non-adsorbed part of the chain. This entails variation of the deformation of the target body and hence variation of the force arising in the body. Our theoretical predictions for the generated force are in very good agreement with the MD data. Using the theory developed for the generated force, we study the effectiveness of possible PE-based nano-vices, composed of two clenching planes connected by PEs and exposed to an external electric field. We exploit the Cundall–Strack solid friction model to describe the friction between a particle and the clenching planes. We compute the diffusion coefficient of a clenched particle and show that it drastically decreases even in weak applied fields. This demonstrates the efficacy of the PE-based nano-vices, which may be a possible alternative to the existing nanotube nano-tweezers and optical tweezers.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling at the physics–chemistry–biology interface’.
On the Effectiveness of Event-related Beta tACS on Episodic Memory Formation and Motor Cortex Excitability
Authors: Braun Verena , Sokoliuk Rodika , Hanslmayr Simon 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundTranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is widely used to entrain or modulate brain oscillations in order to investigate causal relationships between oscillations and cognition.ObjectiveIn a series of experiments we here addressed the question of whether event-related, transient tACS in the beta frequency range can be used to entrain beta oscillations in two different domains: episodic memory formation and motor cortex excitability.MethodsIn experiments 1 and 2, 72 healthy human participants engaged in an incidental encoding task of verbal and non-verbal material while receiving tACS to the left and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) at 6.8Hz, 10.7Hz, 18.5Hz, 30Hz, 48Hz and sham stimulation for 2s during stimulus presentation.In experiment 3, tACS was administered to M1 at the individual motor beta frequency of eight subjects. We investigated the relationship between the size of TMS induced MEPs and tACS phase.ResultsBeta tACS did not affect memory performance compared to sham stimulation in experiments 1 and 2. Likewise, in experiment 3, MEP size was not modulated by the tACS phase.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that event-related, transient tACS in the beta frequency range cannot be used to modulate the formation of episodic memories or motor cortex excitability. These null-results question the effectiveness of event-related tACS to entrain beta oscillations and modulate cognition.
Strategic Revenue Sharing with Daily Deal Sites: A Competitive Analysis
Authors: Bhardwaj Pradeep , Sajeesh S. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTPromoting through daily deal sites has become popular in the past few years. Groupon is perhaps the best known provider of these promotions (also known as online discount vouchers) to customers. Daily deals differ from traditional coupons on three important dimensions: (i) They are not offered to consumers directly by firms but are offered through an intermediary, (ii) the promotional depth offered by these localized promotions tends to be higher, and (iii) consumers prepay for the discount vouchers, and then the daily deals site reimburses the retailer a prespecified negotiated percentage of each paid voucher. In this study, we build a theoretical model to explore the profitability of undertaking a daily deals campaign by firms. Our analysis identifies the role of types of consumers in the market, relative bargaining power of the local firms, revenue sharing agreements, and market characteristics, such as degree of product substitutability and extent of competition, on the profitability attained through daily deal promotions. Surprisingly, when demand spillovers exist, an asymmetric outcome, with one firm offering an online discount voucher and the competing firm not offering an online discount voucher, is an equilibrium under some conditions.
Use of time in a decision‐making process by a parasitoid
Authors: PARENT JEAN‐PHILIPPE , BRODEUR JACQUES , BOIVIN GUY 
Published: October 2016

1. Time perception is seldom studied in invertebrates, with the limited experimental evidence being insufficient to provide a comprehensive pattern of the capacity of invertebrates to measure time and use it in decision‐making processes.2. In this study, it was hypothesized that insect parasitoids have evolved the capacity to measure time precisely and to use it to optimize foraging decisions related to host exploitation. To examine time perception in females of the gregarious egg parasitoid Trichogramma euproctidis, the present study used their ability to adjust their investment (number of eggs laid) in a host to the initial transit duration (interval between the first contact with the host and the following contact with the substrate). Females utilize this method to assess host egg size, as a large egg necessarily requires more time to evaluate than a small host. In this study, the initial transit duration for a given sized egg was artificially extended by suspending it.3. For similar sized hosts, female T. euproctidis significantly increased both oviposition duration and progeny allocation following a longer initial transit duration.4. These results demonstrate the intrinsic capacity of this parasitoid to measure time and to adjust their progeny investment accordingly. This is believed to be one of the few demonstrations of a retrospective measure of time in an invertebrate.
Local depletion of glycogen with supramaximal exercise in human skeletal muscle fibres
Authors: Gejl Kasper D. , Ørtenblad Niels , Andersson Erik , Plomgaard Peter , Holmberg Hans‐Christer , Nielsen Joachim 
Published: October 2016

Key points
Glycogen is stored in local spatially distinct compartments within skeletal muscle fibres and is the main energy source during supramaximal exercise.
Using quantitative electron microscopy, we show that supramaximal exercise induces a differential depletion of glycogen from these compartments and also demonstrate how this varies with fibre types.
Repeated exercise alters this compartmentalized glycogen depletion.
The results obtained in the present study help us understand the muscle metabolic dynamics of whole body repeated supramaximal exercise, and suggest that the muscle has a compartmentalized local adaptation to repeated exercise, which affects glycogen depletion.
AbstractSkeletal muscle glycogen is heterogeneously distributed in three separated compartments (intramyofibrillar, intermyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal). Although only constituting 3–13% of the total glycogen volume, the availability of intramyofibrillar glycogen is of particular importance to muscle function. The present study aimed to investigate the depletion of these three subcellular glycogen compartments during repeated supramaximal exercise in elite athletes. Ten elite cross‐country skiers (aged 25 ± 4 years, : 65 ± 4 ml kg−1 min−1; mean ± SD) performed four ∼4 min supramaximal sprint time trials (STT 1–4) with 45 min of recovery. The subcellular glycogen volumes in musculus triceps brachii were quantified from electron microscopy images before and after both STT 1 and 4. During STT 1, the depletion of intramyofibrillar glycogen was higher in type 1 fibres [−52%; (−89:−15%)] than type 2 fibres [−15% (−52:22%)] (P = 0.02), whereas the depletion of intermyofibrillar glycogen [main effect: −19% (−33:0%), P = 0.006] and subsarcolemmal glycogen [main effect: −35% (−66:0%), P = 0.03] was similar between fibre types. By contrast, only intermyofibrillar glycogen volume was significantly reduced during STT 4, in both fibre types [main effect: −31% (−50:−11%), P = 0.002]. Furthermore, for each of the subcellular compartments, the depletion of glycogen during STT 1 was associated with the volumes of glycogen before STT 1. In conclusion, the depletion of spatially distinct glycogen compartments differs during supramaximal exercise. Furthermore, the depletion changes with repeated exercise and is fibre type‐dependent.
Effect of day-case unilateral cochlear implantation in adults on general and disease-specific quality of life, postoperative complications and hearing results, tinnitus, vertigo and cost-effectiveness: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Derks Laura S M , Wegner Inge , Smit Adriana L , Thomeer Hans G X M , Topsakal Vedat , Grolman Wilko 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionCochlear implantation is an increasingly common procedure in the treatment of severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children and adults. It is often performed as a day-case procedure. The major drive towards day-case surgery has been from a logistical, economical and societal perspective, but we also speculate that the patient's quality of life (QoL) is at least equal to inpatient surgery if not increased as a result of rapid discharge and rehabilitation. Even though cochlear implantation seems well suited to a day-case approach and this even seems to be common practice in some countries, evidence is scarce and of low quality to guide us towards the preferred treatment option.Methods and analysisA single-centre, non-blinded, randomised, controlled trial was designed to (primarily) investigate the effect on general QoL of day-case cochlear implantation compared to inpatient cochlear implantation and (secondarily) the effect of both methods on (subjective) hearing improvement, disease-specific QoL, tinnitus, vertigo and cost-effectiveness. 30 adult patients with severe to profound bilateral postlingual SNHL who are eligible for unilateral cochlear implantation will be randomly assigned to either the day-case or inpatient treatment group. The outcome measures will be assessed using auditory evaluations, questionnaires (preoperatively, at 1-week, 3-week, 3-month and 1-year follow-up) and costs diaries (weekly during the first month postoperatively, after which once in a month until 1-year follow-up). Preoperative and postoperative outcomes will be compared. The difference in costs and benefit will be represented using the incremental cost utility/effectiveness ratio. The analyses will be carried out on an intention-to-treat basis.Ethics and disseminationThis research protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the UMC Utrecht (NL45590.041.13; V.5, November 2015). The trial results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed medical journals and presented at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNTR4464; Pre-results.
“The constipation conundrum”: Improving recognition of constipation on a gastroenterology ward
Authors: Jackson Robert , Cheng Philip , Moreman Sarah , Davey Nicola , Owen Lisa 
Published: October 2016

Constipation is a common and often overlooked problem, but it can cause serious complications for patients including pain, nausea, urinary retention, and prolonged hospital admission. There are no recognised criteria for the diagnosis of constipation in the acute hospital setting, and it is often the role of the ward doctor to identify and manage this problem.Completion and monitoring of “stool charts” by nursing and medical staff is key to proper recognition and management of constipation. A baseline study found that while charts were completed well, they were only monitored by doctors 17.5% of the time. This quality improvement project introduced an altered “continuation sheet” to the clinical notes to prompt monitoring of stool charts and provide an area for documentation. This resulted in an increase in monitoring to 66.7%.
Molding the Signifier by Ivor Diosi: An All-too-Human Victor
Authors: Cakl Ondřej 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this curatorial consideration, the author reveals factors that most essentially influenced the decision to present Ivor Diosi’s artwork Molding the Signifier, as part of the Trust Me, I’m an Artist EU project event in Prague (16–19 November 2015). It questions the notion of AI as it currently exists, suggesting that the ideas of “artificial,” “independent” or “higher” intelligence and existence are all too human (and from that point of view therefore dangerous). As curator of the event, the author argues that Molding the Signifier, although it does not confront existing legislation, does question the ethical core of the essential latent purposes of biotechnologies as a means of human creativity.
Sappho 44
Authors: Spelman Henry 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper explores what the most substantial remnant of Sappho’s poetry could have meant to its first audiences. Scholars often approach fr. 44 as a response to the HomericIliad, but for Sappho’s contemporaries theIliadwould not have constituted the sole horizon for intertextual engagement. I suggest that the description of the wedding of Hector and Andromache would have brought to mind the wedding of Paris and Helen, a parallel traditional episode that was well-known in Sappho’s day. Section 1 describes how our knowledge of mythical discourse on archaic Lesbos may guide the interpretation of fr. 44. Section 2 argues for the relevance of the wedding of Paris and Helen and sketches some interpretive implications.
The Uncertainty of Precipitation-Type Observations and Its Effect on the Validation of Forecast Precipitation Type
Authors: Reeves Heather Dawn 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Herein, an evaluation of the uncertainty of precipitation-type observations and its effect on the validation of forecast precipitation type is undertaken. The forms of uncertainty are instrument/observer bias and horizontal/temporal variability. Instrument/observer biases are assessed by comparing observations from the Automated Surface Observing Station (ASOS) and Meteorological Phenomena Identification Near the Ground (mPING) networks. Relative to the augmented ASOS, mPING observations are biased toward ice pellets (PL) and away from rain (RA). However, when mPING is used to validate precipitation-type algorithms, the probabilities of detection (PODs) for both RA and PL are decreased relative to those from the augmented ASOS. The decreased POD for RA is the result of numerous mPING reports of RA in the presence of a surface-subfreezing layer in the nearest observed sounding. Temporal and spatial variability effects are also assessed. The typical lifespan of transitional forms of precipitation is between 10 and 40 min, with many events having two or more forms of precipitation reported in a 1-h time frame. Depending on how one defines a hit for these rapidly evolving events, inherent biases in the forecasts may be dampened or masked altogether. Spatial variability also exerts a strong control on the performance of postprocessing algorithms, as both FZRA and PL often have spatial scales that are too small to be resolved, even by convection-allowing forecast models. However, the degree of variability is not strongly dependent on the distance separating any two observation pairs and, consequently, validation statistics do not change significantly as a model’s grid spacing is increased, all else being equal.
Correlation of Physical Performance and Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: McConnell Evan P. , Queen Robin M. 
Published: October 2016

Background: Functional recovery following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is assessed with patient-reported metrics, but physical performance tests may allow for a more accurate assessment of patient function. We quantified correlations between patient-reported measures and physical performance tests in patients after TAA to determine the usefulness of physical performance tests in post-TAA assessment. Methods: In total, 140 patients with end-stage ankle osteoarthritis were assessed prior to TAA and again at 12 and 24 months postoperatively. At each time point, the visual analog scale (VAS), Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI), American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS), Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA), and Short-Form 36 (SF-36) scores were collected, as well as walking speed, Four-Square Step Test (FSST) times, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) balance scores. Results: All but 1 (SF-36 general health component) of the patient-reported outcomes improved significantly from preoperative assessment to both 1 and 2 years postoperatively ( P < .001 in all cases). Walking speed, FSST times, and balance scores improved significantly across time ( P < .001 in all cases). Walking speed was moderately correlated with total SF-36 scores at both 1 and 2 years postoperatively ( P < .001 in both cases), both components of the SMFA at 1 year postoperatively ( P < .001 in both cases), and total AOFAS scores at 2 years postoperatively ( P = .001). Conclusion: The lack of strong correlations between the 2 sets of metrics indicates that they provide different information about a patient’s recovery following TAA. Therefore, it is important to include both sets of metrics in post-TAA assessments to better understand operative success and functional recovery. Level of Evidence: Level IV, cohort study.
Early Results of Posterior-Stabilised NexGen Legacy Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ip D , Wu WC , Tsang WL 
Published: October 2016

Objective. To retrospectively assess the early results of the NexGen Legacy posterior-stabilised total knee prosthesis, which is a newer version of the Insall-Burstein II posterior-stabilised implant. Methods. 48 consecutive elderly patients had 60 NexGen Legacy posterior-stabilised total knees. The mean follow-up duration was 21 months. Clinical evaluation was performed according to the Knee Society scores and a scoring system for patellofemoral articulation; radiographic assessment followed the guidelines of the Knee Society. Special emphasis was given to any patellofemoral complications, such as patellar clunk syndrome, patellar maltracking, and other disorders of the extensor mechanism. Results. Only one patient had mild patellofemoral anterior knee pain at the latest follow-up; 2 patients had patellofemoral crepitus but no pain. No patellar clunk or any other complication of the patellofemoral articulation, such as patellar fracture or subluxation was found. The mean preoperative and postoperative Knee Society scores were 60 and 85 respectively. The mean postoperative knee flexion was 115°. Conclusion. The overall early results from using the new implant were good, probably because of changes in design of the intercondylar box and its associated cam-and-post mechanism, and a more anatomic trochlea surface, so that the trochlea accommodates the natural patella.
Quantitative Anatomic Characterisation of the Pelvic Brim to Facilitate Internal Fixation through an Anterior Approach
Authors: Shiramizu K , Naito M , Yatsunami M 
Published: October 2016

Purpose. To define the centre of the hip joint and the bone stock around the hip joint from the supra-acetabular portion or pelvic brim so as to avoid penetration of guidewire into the hip joint when performing internal fixation using the anterior approach. Methods. A total of 42 cadavers were utilised. Measurements were completed before and after cutting the pelvis into 4 pieces. Before cutting the pelvis, the centre of the hip joint was measured on the pelvic brim. After cutting the pelvis, the bone stock around the hip joint was measured in each section. The pelvic brim and the anteroinferior iliac spine were utilised as guide points in the measurements, because these parameters could be determined during an anterior surgical procedure. Results. On the pelvic brim, the reflected centre of the hip joint centre was located approximately 3.2 mm anterior to the distal edge of the anteroinferior iliac spine. The mean minimum bone stock of the pelvic brim was 14.0 mm in the centre of the hip joint section. Conclusion. This study described the anatomical reference points around the hip joint, and the ways in which they can be utilised to increase the safety of the anterior approach for internal fixation. It is important to define the centre of the hip joint from the supra-acetabular portion or pelvic brim, given that it is not visualised during surgery using an anterior approach.