bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of cumulative effects of early adolescent depression on cannabis and alcohol use disorder in late adolescence in a community‐based cohort
Authors: Rhew Isaac C. , Fleming Charles B. , Vander Stoep Ann , Nicodimos Semret , Zheng Cheng , McCauley Elizabeth 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsAlthough they often co‐occur, the longitudinal relationship between depression and substance use disorders during adolescence remains unclear. This study estimated the effects of cumulative depression during early adolescence (ages 13–15 years) on the likelihood of cannabis use disorder (CUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) at age 18.DesignProspective cohort study of youth assessed at least annually between 6th and 9th grades (~ age 12–15) and again at age 18. Marginal structural models based on a counterfactual framework that accounted for both potential fixed and time‐varying confounders were used to estimate cumulative effects of depressive symptoms over early adolescence.SettingThe sample originated from four public middle schools in Seattle, Washington, USA.ParticipantsThe sample consisted of 521 youth (48.4% female; 44.5% were non‐Hispanic White).MeasurementsStructured in‐person interviews with youth and their parents were conducted to assess diagnostic symptom counts of depression during early adolescence; diagnoses of CUD and AUD at age 18 was based the Voice‐Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. Cumulative depression was defined as the sum of depression symptom counts from grades 7–9.FindingsThe past‐year prevalence of cannabis and alcohol use disorder at the age 18 study wave was 20.9 and 19.8%, respectively. A 1 standard deviation increase in cumulative depression during early adolescence was associated with a 50% higher likelihood of CUD [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07, 2.10]. Although similar in direction, there was no statistically significant association between depression and AUD (PR = 1.41; 95% CI = 0.94, 2.11). Further, there were no differences in associations according to gender.ConclusionsYouth with more chronic or severe forms of depression during early adolescence may be at elevated risk for developing cannabis use disorder compared with otherwise similar youth who experience fewer depressive symptoms during early adolescence.
Endothelin‐1 receptor blockade as new possible therapeutic approach in multiple myeloma
Authors: Russignan Anna , Spina Cecilia , Tamassia Nicola , Cassaro Adriana , Rigo Antonella , Bagnato Anna , Rosanò Laura , Bonalumi Angela , Gottardi Michele , Zanatta Lucia , Giacomazzi Alice , Scupoli Maria Teresa , Tinelli Martina , Salvadori Ugo , Mosna Federico , Zamò Alberto , Cassatella Marco A. , Vinante Fabrizio , Tecchio Cristina 
Published: June 2017

SummaryNew effective treatments are needed to improve outcomes for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Receptors with restricted expression on plasma cells (PCs) represent attractive new therapeutic targets. The endothelin‐1 (EDN1) axis, consisting of EDN1 acting through EDN‐receptor A (EDNRA) and B (EDNRB), was previously shown to be overexpressed in several tumours, including MM. However, there is incomplete understanding of how EDN1 axis regulates MM growth and response to therapy. Besides EDNRA, the majority of MM cell lines and primary malignant PCs express high levels of EDNRB and release EDN1. Similarly, bone‐marrow microenvironment cells also secrete EDN1. Investigating the extent of epigenetic dysregulation of EDNRB gene in MM, we found that hypermethylation of EDNRB promoter and subsequent down‐regulation of EDNRB gene was observed in PCs or B lymphocytes from healthy donors compared to EDNRB‐expressing malignant PCs. Pharmacological blockade with the dual EDN1 receptor antagonist bosentan decreased cell viability and MAPK activation of U266 and RPMI‐8226 cells. Interestingly, the combination of bosentan and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, currently approved for MM treatment, resulted in synergistic cytotoxic effects. Overall, our data has uncovered EDN1‐mediated autocrine and paracrine mechanisms that regulate malignant PCs growth and drug response, and support EDN1 receptors as new therapeutic targets in MM.
The fifth subunit of the (α4β2)2β2 nicotinic ACh receptor modulates maximal ACh responses
Authors: New Karina , Del Villar Silvia Garcia , Mazzaferro Simone , Alcaino Constanza , Bermudez Isabel 
Published: June 2017

Background and PurposeThe fifth subunit in the (α4β2)2α4 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) plays a determining role in the pharmacology of this nAChR type. Here, we have examined the role of the fifth subunit in the ACh responses of the (α4β2)2β2 nAChR type.Experimental ApproachThe role of the fifth subunit in receptor function was explored using two‐electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology, along with subunit‐targeted mutagenesis and the substituted cysteine scanning method applied to fully linked (α4β2)2β2 receptors.Key ResultsCovalent modification of the cysteine‐substituted fifth subunit with a thiol‐reactive agent (MTS) caused irreversible inhibition of receptor function. ACh reduced the rate of the reaction to MTS, but the competitive inhibitor dihydro‐β‐erythroidine had no effect. Alanine substitution of conserved residues that line the core of the agonist sites on α4(+)/β2(−) interfaces did not impair receptor function. However, impairment of agonist binding to α4(+)/β2(−) agonist sites by mutagenesis modified the effect of ACh on the rate of the reaction to MTS. The extent of this effect was dependent on the position of the agonist site relative to the fifth subunit.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe fifth subunit in the (α4β2)2β2 receptor isoform modulates maximal ACh responses. This effect appears to be driven by a modulatory, and asymmetric, association with the α4(+)/β2(−) agonist sites.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.11/issuetoc
Phylogeny and systematics of Aphroditiformia
Authors: Gonzalez Brett C. , Martínez Alejandro , Borda Elizabeth , Iliffe Thomas M. , Eibye‐Jacobsen Danny , Worsaae Katrine 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAphroditiformia represents one of the most successful radiations of annelids, and is therefore an interesting model to understand morphological and functional evolution. Previous phylogenetic analyses yielded most families as monophyletic but excluded anchialine and interstitial species while failing to recover relationships within Sigalionidae. Here we address these shortcomings through the analysis of four molecular markers and 87 morphological characters sampled across 127 species under the assumptions of parsimony and model‐based methods. Of the 34 newly sequenced taxa, five anchialine and 24 interstitial species were included, with increased representation of Sigalionidae. An additional 28 elusive Sigalionidae taxa were included, represented only by morphological partitions. Molecular and morphological partitions were evaluated under exhaustive sensitivity analyses, testing the effects of alignment algorithms and optimization criteria on tree topologies. Our trees congruently recovered six clades corresponding to the families within Aphroditiformia: Acoetidae, Aphroditidae, Eulepethidae, Iphionidae, Polynoidae and Sigalionidae, respectively. An anchialine polynoid lineage was nested among strictly deep sea species, and interstitial pisionids and pholoids formed two independent clades nested within Sigalionidae. Additionally, Sigalionidae resulted in four clades, defined by combinations of apomorphies, and hereby we propose the subfamilies Pelogeniinae, Pholoinae, Pisioninae, Sthenelanellinae, as well as the provisionally included polyphyletic Sigalioninae.
Use of radar detectors to track attendance of albatrosses at fishing vessels
Authors: Weimerskirch H. , Filippi D.P. , Collet J. , Waugh S.M. , Patrick S.C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite international waters covering over 60% of the world's oceans, understanding of how fisheries in these regions shape ecosystem processes is surprisingly poor. Seabirds forage at fishing vessels, which has potentially deleterious effects for their population, but the extent of overlap and behavior in relation to ships is poorly known. Using novel biologging devices, which detect radar emissions and record the position of boats and seabirds, we measured the true extent of the overlap between seabirds and fishing vessels and generated estimates of the intensity of fishing and distribution of vessels in international waters. During breeding, wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) from the Crozet Islands patrolled an area of over 10 million km2 at distances up to 2500 km from the colony. Up to 79.5% of loggers attached to birds detected vessels. The extent of overlap between albatrosses and fisheries has widespread implications for bycatch risk in seabirds and reveals the areas of intense fishing throughout the ocean. We suggest that seabirds equipped with radar detectors are excellent monitors of the presence of vessels in the Southern Ocean and offer a new way to monitor the presence of illegal fisheries and to better understand the impact of fisheries on seabirds.
A novel GIP analogue, ZP4165, enhances glucagon‐like peptide‐1‐induced body weight loss and improves glycaemic control in rodents
Authors: Nørregaard Pia K. , Deryabina Maria A. , Tofteng Shelton Pernille , Fog Jacob U. , Daugaard Jens R. , Eriksson Per‐Olof , Larsen Lone F. , Jessen Lene 
Published: June 2017

AimTo investigate the effects of the novel glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) analogue, ZP4165, on body weight and glycaemic control in rodents, and to investigate if ZP4165 modulates the anti‐obesity and anti‐hyperglycaemic effects of a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) agonist (liraglutide).MethodsThe acute insulinotropic effect of ZP4165 was investigated in rats during an oral glucose tolerance test. The long‐term effects of ZP4165 on body weight and glycaemic control, either alone or in combination with liraglutide, were assessed in diet‐induced obese mice and diabetic db/db mice.Results
ZP4165 showed insulinotropic action in rats. The GIP analogue did not alter the body weight of obese mice but enhanced GLP‐1‐induced weight loss. In diabetic mice, 4 weeks’ dosing with ZP4165 reduced glycated haemoglobin levels vs vehicle by an extent similar to the GLP‐1 agonist.ConclusionsZP4165 potentiated the anti‐obesity effect of a GLP‐1 agonist in obese mice and improved glycaemic control in diabetic mice. These studies support further investigation of dual‐incretin therapy as a more effective treatment option than mono GLP‐1 medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.
Noninvasive pulmonary transit time: A new parameter for general cardiac performance
Authors: de Lepper Anouk G.W. , Herold Ingeborg H.F. , Saporito Salvatore , Bouwman R. Arthur , Mischi Massimo , Korsten Hendrikus H.M. , Reesink Koen D. , Houthuizen Patrick 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPulmonary transit time (PTT) assessed with contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a novel tool to evaluate cardiac function. PTT represents the time for a bolus of contrast to pass from the right to the left ventricle, measured according to the indicator dilution principles using CEUS. We investigated the hypothesis that PTT is a measure of general cardiac performance in patient populations eligible for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).MethodsThe study population consisted of heart failure patients referred for CRT with NYHA class II–IV, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)≤35% and QRS≥120 ms. CEUS, ECG, and blood were analyzed, and participants completed a quality of life questionnaire at baseline and 3 months after CRT implantation. Normalized PTT (nPTT) was calculated to compensate for the heart rate. Correlations were assessed with Pearson's or Spearman's coefficients and stratified for rhythm and NYHA class.ResultsThe study population consisted of 94 patients (67 men) with a mean age of 70±8.9 years. (n)PTT was significantly correlated with left ventricular parameters (rs=−.487, P<.001), right ventricular parameters (r=−.282, P=.004), N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) (rs=.475, P<.001), and quality of life (rs=.364, P<.001). Stronger significant correlations were found in patients in sinus rhythm.ConclusionCEUS‐derived PTT and nPTT correlate to a fair degree with measures of systolic and diastolic function, NT‐pro‐BNP, and quality of life. As CEUS‐derived PTT can be obtained easily, noninvasively and at the bedside, it is a promising future measure of general cardiac performance.
Impact of Epichloë endophytes on adult Argentine stem weevil damage to perennial ryegrass seedlings
Authors: Ruppert Katrin G. , Matthew Cory , McKenzie Catherine M. , Popay Alison J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn New Zealand, the fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae var. lolii Latch, Christensen & Samuels (Hypocreales) is widely used to enhance productivity and survival of mature perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L. (Poaceae) plants. These endophytes produce alkaloids that reduce damage by insect pests, such as Argentine stem weevil (ASW), Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). However, knowledge of the effect of these fungi on seedlings is limited. High concentrations of grass‐endophyte‐derived alkaloids occur in endophyte‐infected seed and can be translocated into seedlings to provide early protection from insect herbivory. A glasshouse experiment was conducted in which adult ASW were given a choice between perennial ryegrass cultivar ‘One50’ without endophyte (Nil) or containing endophyte strains AR1, AR37, or NZCT, and cv. ‘Trojan’ containing strain NEA2, in three post‐sowing time periods. ASW feeding damage was assessed together with plant survival and dry weight production. Plant survival and dry matter production was reduced in all treatments with mortality highest in endophyte‐free and AR37 treatments, especially in the first and second time period. Strongest adult ASW deterrence occurred on seedlings infected with endophyte strains that produce peramine (AR1, NZCT, and NEA2). Strain NZCT was virtually undamaged in the third time period whereas damage initially increased in AR1 and NEA2 up until day 50–53 post‐sowing and then declined. Endophyte‐free and AR37 treatments were significantly more damaged than AR1, NZCT, and NEA2. This research indicated there is a period of seedling vulnerability to adult ASW attack during germination, even for strains producing peramine. Possible explanations for these results are discussed.
Intra‐ and interspecific competition in two congeneric parasitoids of the diamondback moth
Authors: Sithole Rudo , Lohr Bernhard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn solitary parasitoids, a host can only support the complete development of a single parasitoid. For this reason, intraspecific or interspecific competition takes place whenever two or more individuals of the same or different species parasitize the same host. The exotic Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was introduced into Kenya in 2002 for the control of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and led to the competitive displacement of its indigenous congeneric species Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren) in some areas but not in others. In an attempt to understand this process, superparasitism in D. mollipla and multiparasitism involving both species were investigated in the laboratory through exposure of non‐parasitized and parasitized host larvae to D. mollipla. Hosts were exposed to the two congeners both simultaneously and sequentially. The study revealed that D. mollipla minimizes parasitism and superparasitism in the presence of hosts containing a larva of a conspecific female. When the two parasitoid species competed for non‐parasitized hosts simultaneously, there were no significant differences in the total progeny produced under intraspecific vs. interspecific competition. Under simultaneous interspecific competition, D. semiclausum produced 74% of total progeny. Under sequential exposure, the species that attacked first always dominated with 85–96% of the resultant progeny, irrespective of the exposure interval. Offspring sex ratio was significantly more female‐biased when the larvae were exposed to D. mollipla first. Overall, our results indicate that D. semiclausum dominates under simultaneous competition and D. mollipla dominates in terms of female progeny, but under delayed exposure to the other species, the first attacker is always the winner. On the basis of our results, D. semiclausum may not completely displace D. mollipla from diamondback moth in the field.
Enhanced decomposition of stable soil organic carbon and microbial catabolic potentials by long‐term field warming
Authors: Feng Wenting , Liang Junyi , Hale Lauren E. , Jung Chang Gyo , Chen Ji , Zhou Jizhong , Xu Minggang , Yuan Mengting , Wu Liyou , Bracho Rosvel , Pegoraro Elaine , Schuur Edward A. G. , Luo Yiqi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractQuantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition under warming is critical to predict carbon–climate feedbacks. According to the substrate regulating principle, SOC decomposition would decrease as labile SOC declines under field warming, but observations of SOC decomposition under warming do not always support this prediction. This discrepancy could result from varying changes in SOC components and soil microbial communities under warming. This study aimed to determine the decomposition of SOC components with different turnover times after subjected to long‐term field warming and/or root exclusion to limit C input, and to test whether SOC decomposition is driven by substrate lability under warming. Taking advantage of a 12‐year field warming experiment in a prairie, we assessed the decomposition of SOC components by incubating soils from control and warmed plots, with and without root exclusion for 3 years. We assayed SOC decomposition from these incubations by combining inverse modeling and microbial functional genes during decomposition with a metagenomic technique (GeoChip). The decomposition of SOC components with turnover times of years and decades, which contributed to 95% of total cumulative CO2 respiration, was greater in soils from warmed plots. But the decomposition of labile SOC was similar in warmed plots compared to the control. The diversity of C‐degradation microbial genes generally declined with time during the incubation in all treatments, suggesting shifts of microbial functional groups as substrate composition was changing. Compared to the control, soils from warmed plots showed significant increase in the signal intensities of microbial genes involved in degrading complex organic compounds, implying enhanced potential abilities of microbial catabolism. These are likely responsible for accelerated decomposition of SOC components with slow turnover rates. Overall, the shifted microbial community induced by long‐term warming accelerates the decomposition of SOC components with slow turnover rates and thus amplify the positive feedback to climate change.
Restless roosts: Light pollution affects behavior, sleep, and physiology in a free‐living songbird
Authors: Ouyang Jenny Q. , de Jong Maaike , van Grunsven Roy H. A. , Matson Kevin D. , Haussmann Mark F. , Meerlo Peter , Visser Marcel E. , Spoelstra Kamiel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe natural nighttime environment is increasingly polluted by artificial light. Several studies have linked artificial light at night to negative impacts on human health. In free‐living animals, light pollution is associated with changes in circadian, reproductive, and social behavior, but whether these animals also suffer from physiologic costs remains unknown. To fill this gap, we made use of a unique network of field sites which are either completely unlit (control), or are artificially illuminated with white, green, or red light. We monitored nighttime activity of adult great tits, Parus major, and related this activity to within‐individual changes in physiologic indices. Because altered nighttime activity as a result of light pollution may affect health and well‐being, we measured oxalic acid concentrations as a biomarker for sleep restriction, acute phase protein concentrations and malaria infection as indices of immune function, and telomere lengths as an overall measure of metabolic costs. Compared to other treatments, individuals roosting in the white light were much more active at night. In these individuals, oxalic acid decreased over the course of the study. We also found that individuals roosting in the white light treatment had a higher probability of malaria infection. Our results indicate that white light at night increases nighttime activity levels and sleep debt and affects disease dynamics in a free‐living songbird. Our study offers the first evidence of detrimental effects of light pollution on the health of free‐ranging wild animals.
THE ALLURE OF DARK TIMES: MAX WEBER, POLITICS, AND THE CRISIS OF HISTORICISM
Authors: EICH STEFAN , TOOZE ADAM 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis article argues that realist invocations of Weber rely on an unrealistic reading of Weber's realism. In order to escape the allure of Weber's dramatic posture of crisis, we place his seminal lecture on “Politics as a Vocation” (1919) in its historical and philosophical context of a revolutionary conjuncture of dramatic proportions, compounded by a broader crisis of historicism. Weber's rhetoric, we argue, carries with it not only the emotion of crisis but is also the expression of a deeper intellectual impasse. The fatalistic despair of his position had already been detected by some of his closest contemporaries for whom Weber did not appear as a door‐opener to a historically situated theory of political action but as a telling and intriguing impasse. Although the disastrous history of interwar Europe seems to confirm Weber's bleakest predictions, it would be perverse to elevate contingent failure to the level of retrospective vindication.
WHITE, FRIEDLÄNDER, “… AND THE REST IS HISTORY”: A PAX HISTORIANA
Authors: Lang Berel 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTClose analysis of the ostensive disagreement between Saul Friedländer and Hayden White on the necessarily literary character of Holocaust historiography shows instead of conflict two compatible and even mutually supportive emphases in that project: the assumption in modernist and disruptive narratives as elsewhere of a “corpus of facts,” together with the role of figurative discourse in conveying relevant features of events that linear chronological or causal narratives alone do not convey.