bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcineurin inhibitors-related posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in liver transplant recipients: Three case reports and review of literature
Authors: Gong Yu 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), characterized by acute neurological deterioration and extensive white matter lesions on T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is increasingly associated with calcineurin inhibitors (CNI)-related neurotoxicity. Prompt diagnosis is crucial, as early intervention, including the modification or discontinuation of CNI therapy, strict blood pressure management, corticosteroid treatment, and supportive care can significantly improve patient outcomes and prognosis. The growing clinical recognition of CNI-related PRES underscores the importance of identifying and managing this condition in patients presenting with acute neurological symptoms.
CASE SUMMARY
This report describes three cases of liver transplant recipients who developed PRES. The first case involves a 60-year-old woman who experienced seizures, aphasia, and hemiplegia on postoperative day (POD) 9, with MRI revealing ischemic foci followed by extensive white matter lesions. After replacing tacrolimus, her symptoms improved, and no significant MRI abnormalities were observed after three years of follow-up. The second case concerns a 54-year-old woman with autoimmune hepatitis who developed headaches, seizures, and extensive white matter demyelination on MRI on POD24. Following the switch to rapamycin and the initiation of corticosteroids, her symptoms resolved, and she was discharged on POD95. The third case details a 60-year-old woman with hepatocellular carcinoma who developed PRES, evidenced by brain MRI abnormalities on POD11. Transitioning to rapamycin and corticosteroid therapy led to her full recovery, and she was discharged on POD22. These cases highlight the critical importance of early diagnosis, CNI modification, and stringent management in improving outcomes for liver transplant recipients with CNI-related PRES.
CONCLUSION
Clinical manifestations, combined with characteristic MRI findings, are crucial in diagnosing PRES among organ transplant recipients. However, when standard treatments are ineffective or MRI results are atypical, alternative diagnoses should be taken into considered.
Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles from Terminalia arjuna (L.) bark extract: Characterization and potential for mercury degradation
Authors: Ramalakshmi C. , Suresh S. , M. Murugan A. , M. Alyami Nouf , M.  Aljawdah Hossam , Ali Alharbi Sulaiman , Mariselvam R. 
Published: September 2024

The focus of this study is on synthesizing copper nanoparticles through a green approach, utilizing Terminalia arjuna bark extract. The ultra violet (UV) spectral analysis of copper nanoparticles synthesized through environmentally friendly methods revealed distinct absorption peaks at 287 nm, 575 nm, and 898 nm, indicative of significant light absorption. These peaks elucidate the nanoparticles' optical characteristics, shedding light on electronic transitions and surface plasmon resonance phenomena. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis displayed various peaks, suggesting vibrations associated with copper nanoparticles and functional groups in T. arjuna bark extract. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) data exhibited characteristic peaks corresponding to metallic copper's crystallographic planes, confirming the formation of highly crystalline copper nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy results depicted surface morphology and particle size distribution. Copper nanoparticles show promise in mercury degradation due to their high surface area and catalytic activity. They interact effectively with mercury ions through adsorption, reduction, and oxidation processes, leading to sequestration or transformation into less toxic forms. Functionalization enhances their affinity towards mercury, while synergies with other nanomaterials boost efficiency. Green synthesized copper nanoparticles offer an eco-friendly solution for effective mercury remediation, promising advancements in sustainable nanotechnological approaches for global environmental sustainability.
KEY WORDS: Mercury, Copper, Terminalia arjuna, Remediation
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1703-1713.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.16
Structural, spectroscopic, and morphological characteriza-tions of metal-based complexes derived from the reaction of 1-phenyl-2-thiourea with Sr2+, Ba2+, Cr3+, and Fe3+ ions
Authors: Alsawat Mohammed , Majid A. Adam Abdel , S. Refat Moamen , Mohammed Alsuhaibani Amnah , Y. El-Sayed Mohamed 
Published: September 2024

The chemical reaction between 1-phenyl-2-thiourea as a ligand (termed PTU) with the metal ions Sr2+, Ba2+, Cr3+, and Fe3+ at a stoichiometry of 2:1 (PTU to metal ion) at 65 °C generated thermally stable metal-based complexes. The synthesized complexes were termed as Complex 1 (Sr2+), Complex 2 (Ba2+), Complex 3 (Cr3+), and Complex 4 (Fe3+). Elemental analyses, thermogravimetry (TG), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet/visible (UV-Visible) data suggested that the synthesized complexes can be formulated as [Sr(PTU)2(H2O)4]×Cl2 (Complex 1), [Ba(PTU)2(H2O)4]×Cl2 (Complex 2), [Cr(PTU)2(H2O)2Cl2]×Cl×4H2O (Complex 3), [Fe(PTU)2(H2O)2Cl2]×Cl×4H2O (Complex 4). The corresponding gross formulas for these complexes were C14H24N4S2O4Cl2Sr (534.96 g/mol), C14H24N4S2O4Cl2Ba (584.23 g/mol), C14H28N4S2O6Cl3Cr (570.79 g/mol), and C14H28N4S2O6Cl3Fe (574.63 g/mol), respectively. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope data demonstrated that the complexes exhibited high purity and possessed a uniform and well-structured morphology.
KEY WORDS: 1-Phenyl-2-thiourea, Metal ion, Thermal decomposition, SEM, Morphology
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1803-1814.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.23
Evaluation of Grafting Parameters of Styrene onto Alkaline Modified Sugarcane Bagasse using Fe2+/H2O2 and Fe2+/H2O2-N2H4 initiator systems and Characterization of the Hydrolyzed Grafted Polystyrene Chains
Authors: Samuel A. E. , Muhammad F. , Gachi J. A. , Hyeladzira Y. B. , Sani H. I. 
Published: September 2024

Cellulose the most abundant natural fibre can be modified, via grafting with vinyl monomers, in homogenous or heterogeneous reaction medium. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to study the grafting parameters of styrene onto alkaline modified sugarcane bagasse using Fe2+/H2O2 and Fe2+/H2O2- N2H4 initiator systems and characterized the hydrolyzed grafted polystyrene chains for their viscometry and average molecular weight distributions using standard appropriate methods. The grafting parameters increases within 0.10-0.25 M styrene concentration in both initiator systems and initiator concentration within the range 1.0x10-3 to 6.0x10-3 for Fe2+/H2O2- N2H4 and 1.0x10-3 to 9.0x10-3 for Fe2+/H2O2 systems, albeit with higher values in the former system. These parameters decrease at higher monomer and initiator concentrations in both systems. The viscometry of hydrolyzed polystyrene chain prepared at optimum initiator concentrations and 0.10-0.30 M styrene concentration in both initiator systems are in the range (1.6416-4.5327 cP), (0.6416-3.5327 cP) and (73.2277-202.1927 cP) for relative, specific and inherent viscosities respectively, consistent with increases in activation energy of flow (1.24-5.30 KJmol-1) and average viscosity molecular weights (307.92-565.79 gmol-1) , these parameters decreases at higher monomer concentration in both initiator systems. The number and weight-average molecular weight distributions and polydispersity indices indicates that grafted polystyrene chains in Fe2+/H2O2 system are broader and more polydispersed than those for Fe2+/H2O2- N2H4 initiator system. The results showed that the hydrazine enhanced initiator system was more effective for the copolymerization reaction with polystyrene polydispersity indices comparable to those of synthetic chain-growth polymers.
Deep Eutectic Solvent-Magnetite Hybrid Composite for Effective Removal of Zinc (II) Ions from Industrial Wastewater
Authors: Usman A. , Osuegba S. O. , Mamman S. 
Published: September 2024

Zinc is one of the important trace element, but its high amount in aquatic bodies is detrimental to health. Hence, the objective of this paper was to synthesize deep eutectic solvent (DES) nanoparticles and evaluate their adsorption behavior for the removal of zinc (II) ions from industrial wastewater using appropriate standard techniques. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were utilised to investigate the adsorption kinetics, and the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were employed to assess the adsorption isotherms. The results of the kinetic study shows that the adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm model (0.9740) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (0.9186). At pH 7 and room temperature, the highest adsorption capacity was determined to be 22.883 mg/g. These findings indicate that DES nanoparticles may be a promising, highly effective, and ecologically benign adsorbent for extracting zinc (II) ions from wastewater.
Relevance of surface characterization of <i>Bambusa vulgaris</i> (l.) leaf extract doped iron nanoparticle
Authors: Anioke C.F. , Obi C. , Ezigbo C.I. 
Published: September 2024

In the present study, green nano scaled zero-valent irons (nZVI) were synthesized from Bambusa vulgaris leaf extract at room temperature. The plant extract was evaluated for the presence of reducing agents (bioactive compounds) phytochemically using standard methods. nZVI was systematically characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) techniques. The SEM and XRD results showed that after the reduction process for 4 hr at 25oC, the iron powder obtained was a single phase of lamellar or platy α-Fe crystals with the presence of medium nanoparticles (10-100 nm) having crystal size, L ranging from 40-46 nm (42.2 nm) and particle size, D ranging from 53-70 nm (56.1 nm) for both 0.3 M and 0.9 M B. vulgaris-nZVI. It has been demonstrated that B. vulgaris leaf extract was capable of producing iron nanoparticles that shows good stability in solution and under the UV-Visible wavelength, nanoparticles exhibited quite good surface plasmon resonance behavior in the range of 220-740 nm. The FT-1R spectra revealed that the vibrational bands at 3722.76 cm-1 and 3706.4 cm-1 represented the O-H stretching due to the presence of polyphenol as a functional group in addition to tannins, saponins, and others which may be responsible for the eduction of ferrous ion (Fe3+) to zero-valent iron (Feo). This study reveals that B. vulgaris-nZVI possessing short-time synthesis protocol, anisotropism, and eco-benignity could be promising lowcost matrix for remediation (both soil and water), adsorption, catalysis, and other applications.
Metafora Konseptual Percintaan Dalam Lagu Didi Kempot Berjudul Banyu Langit Album Kasmaran
Authors: Widyastuti Indah Putri , Fateah Nur 
Published: September 2024

Lagu Didi Kempot berjudul Banyu Langit dalam album Kasmaran menarik perhatian karena di dalam lirik lagu terdapat ungkapan-ungkapan yang memiliki bahasa yang indah. Dalam lagu tersebut liriknya mengandung metafora konseptual. Penelitian lirik lagu Jawa tentang metafora konseptual sudah ada namun terdapat pembaruan. Penelitian ini ingin mengungkap metafora konseptual percintaan yang ada pada lirik Banyu Langit karya Didi Kempot dengan menggunakan gagasan George Lakoff dan Mark Johnson. Tujuannya memaparan metafora percintaan pada lirik lagu Banyu Langit berdasarkan ranah sumber dan ranah sasarannya. Penggunaan metode deskriptif penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data simak catat dari YouTube. Analisis data penggunaan metafora percintaan, diklasifikasi pada tabel ranah percintaan. Hasil yang didapat berupa pemetaan pada lirik lagu ke dalam ranah sumber berdasarkan metafora eksplisit (in praesentia) secara lugas bermakna tentang pernyataan cinta atau ungkapan janji sepasang kekasih. Pada temuan lirik lagu metafora implisit (in absentia) secara tersirat bermakna tentang harapan dan kerinduan karena ditinggal kekasih.
Addressing the stigma of bipolar disorder in Pakistan: A matter of public health importance
Authors: Muhammad Ibrahim  , Ghaniya Rafi  , Abdul Hadi  
Published: September 2024

Madam,
Bipolar disorder is a serious psychiatric illness and affects about 2% of the world’s population (1). The disease burden of bipolar disorder is particularly high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where access to adequate mental health care is often limited. It is marked by recurring manic and depressive episodes, profoundly affecting an individual’s mood, energy levels and overall functioning. This condition is linked to elevated rates of morbidity, mortality, disability and social stigma.
The undermining of bipolar disorder as a mental illness in Pakistan is a complex issue with a variety of contributing factors. Many people in Pakistan are unaware of this disorder or do not understand its symptoms and impact, which can lead to people with bipolar disorder being stigmatized and discriminated against. Stigmatization of mental illness in the broader context acts as a significant barrier, impeding individuals from actively seeking medical intervention, thereby preventing the timely diagnosis of these conditions. A widely held belief (85%) is that the individual should refrain from disclosing and discussing their condition (2). Moreover, greater negative attitudes were observed towards bipolar disorder and other mental illnesses (higher mean SDS scores) as compared to physical illnesses in Pakistan (3). The stigma often extends to the individual’s family/caretakers and can affect them at numerous levels as well (4).
In nations such as Pakistan, the insufficiency of mental health accessibility, particularly in rural locales, constitutes a substantial impediment to individuals seeking assistance for bipolar disorder. The dearth of adequately trained healthcare personnel and suitable facilities represents a primary contributory factor in the underestimation of bipolar disorder as a serious mental health condition. For a group of 3,60,000 people, Pakistan has only 1 psychiatrist (5). Neglecting Bipolar Disorder on national grounds can lead to a significant increment in its related complications as it contributes to higher estimated risks of completed and attempted suicides, migraine, sleep deprivation and increased risk of obstetric complications (6).
It is essential to invest in public education for raising awareness and reducing stigma around bipolar disorder. Increasing workforce of mental health practitioners is also vital to lessen population burden. One way to achieve it is to introduce two-year program to ensure feasibility for individuals to pursue a career in psychiatry. Substantial research in this aspect would exponentially improve the lives of people affected with the bipolar disorders and alleviate the burden of bipolar disorder in Pakistan.
A model for standardizing Nigerian SMEs: Enhancing competitiveness through quality control
Authors: Edith Ebele Agu  , Mobolaji Olalekan Komolafe  , Onyinye Gift Ejike  , Chikezie Paul-Mikki Ewim  , Ifeanyi Chukwunonso Okeke  
Published: September 2024

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a critical role in Nigeria's economic development, contributing significantly to employment, innovation, and gross domestic product (GDP). However, Nigerian SMEs face persistent challenges that hinder their growth and global competitiveness, particularly a lack of standardisation and inadequate quality control. This review proposes a comprehensive model for standardizing Nigerian SMEs, focusing on enhancing competitiveness through robust quality control mechanisms. The model is built on four key components: the development of a sector-specific quality control framework, government and institutional support, technology integration, and collaboration within SME clusters. By implementing industry-specific standards and providing training programs, SMEs can align their products and services with global benchmarks, increasing their potential for international market penetration. The model emphasizes the need for government incentives and regulatory bodies to foster adoption while encouraging the use of digital tools to monitor quality in real-time. Additionally, public-private partnerships are recommended to drive technology transfer, making quality control more affordable and accessible. The proposed model also promotes collaboration among SMEs through networking and knowledge sharing, enabling small businesses to adopt best practices collectively. Pilot programs in sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing are suggested to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the model. This review argues that adopting this standardized quality control model will significantly enhance the competitiveness of Nigerian SMEs, reducing barriers to growth, and facilitating economic development. The success of this initiative relies on coordinated efforts from government, industry associations, and SMEs themselves.
Keywords: Nigerian SMEs, Competitiveness, Quality control, Economic Development.
Promoção de saúde mental com adolescentes na Atenção Básica
Authors: Rodrigues de Sousa Martins Alicia Ketlen , De Medeiros Milena Pires , Ricomini Nunes Caroline Jonas Rezaghi 
Published: September 2024

Introdução: A atenção básica como porta de entrada dos serviços de saúde permite ações de promoção e prevenção de agravos relacionados à saúde mental de adolescentes no âmbito do SUS garantindo a integralidade do cuidado. Objetivo: Descrever o processo de implementação de ações de promoção de saúde mental em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa na modalidade exploratório-descritiva, a partir da vivência com adolescentes de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde por meio do Grupo Focal. Resultados: As participantes foram meninas entre 12 e 14 anos que estavam no 6º e 7º ano do ensino fundamental. Foram estabelecidos 4 encontros às quartas feiras no período matutino com a duração de 1 hora. A partir dos encontros desta pesquisa, optou-se por discutir os achados por meio das categorias que emergiram na análise, sendo elas: 1) Do entendimento das emoções à elaboração de práticas de autocuidado e; 2) O autoconhecimento e autoestima no processo da construção de sonhos. Conclusão: Destaca-se a importância de ações de promoção de saúde mental para os adolescentes favorecendo uma visão ampliada de saúde e incentivando os profissionais da atenção básica a aumentarem a agenda de práticas efetivas que fortaleçam os fatores protetivos e de cuidado integral no contexto da adolescência.
Review article: Drought as a continuum – memory effects in interlinked hydrological, ecological, and social systems
Authors: Van Loon Anne F. , Kchouk Sarra , Matanó Alessia , Tootoonchi Faranak , Alvarez-Garreton Camila , Hassaballah Khalid E. A. , Wu Minchao , Wens Marthe L. K. , Shyrokaya Anastasiya , Ridolfi Elena , Biella Riccardo , Nagavciuc Viorica , Barendrecht Marlies H. , Bastos Ana , Cavalcante Louise , de Vries Franciska T. , Garcia Margaret , Mård Johanna , Streefkerk Ileen N. , Teutschbein Claudia , Tootoonchi Roshanak , Weesie Ruben , Aich Valentin , Boisier Juan P. , Di Baldassarre Giuliano , Du Yiheng , Galleguillos Mauricio , Garreaud René , Ionita Monica , Khatami Sina , Koehler Johanna K. L. , Luce Charles H. , Maskey Shreedhar , Mendoza Heidi D. , Mwangi Moses N. , Pechlivanidis Ilias G. , Ribeiro Neto Germano G. , Roy Tirthankar , Stefanski Robert , Trambauer Patricia , Koebele Elizabeth A. , Vico Giulia , Werner Micha 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Droughts are often long-lasting phenomena, without a distinct start or end and with impacts cascading across sectors and systems, creating long-term legacies. Nevertheless, our current perceptions and management of droughts and their impacts are often event-based, which can limit the effective assessment of drought risks and reduction of drought impacts. Here, we advocate for changing this perspective and viewing drought as a hydrological–ecological–social continuum. We take a systems theory perspective and focus on how “memory” causes feedback and interactions between parts of the interconnected systems at different timescales. We first discuss the characteristics of the drought continuum with a focus on the hydrological, ecological, and social systems separately, and then we study the system of systems. Our analysis is based on a review of the literature and a study of five cases: Chile, the Colorado River basin in the USA, northeast Brazil, Kenya, and the Rhine River basin in northwest Europe. We find that the memories of past dry and wet periods, carried by both bio-physical (e.g. groundwater, vegetation) and social systems (e.g. people, governance), influence how future drought risk manifests. We identify four archetypes of drought dynamics: impact and recovery, slow resilience building, gradual collapse, and high resilience–big shock. The interactions between the hydrological, ecological, and social systems result in systems shifting between these types, which plays out differently in the five case studies. We call for more research on drought preconditions and recovery in different systems, on dynamics cascading between systems and triggering system changes, and on dynamic vulnerability and maladaptation. Additionally, we advocate for more continuous monitoring of drought hazards and impacts, modelling tools that better incorporate memories and adaptation responses, and management strategies that increase societal and institutional memory. This will help us to better deal with the complex hydrological–ecological–social drought continuum and identify effective pathways to adaptation and mitigation.
Using variable-resolution grids to model precipitation from atmospheric rivers around the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Waling Annelise , Herrington Adam , Duderstadt Katharine , Dibb Jack , Burakowski Elizabeth 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are synoptic-scale features that transport moisture poleward and may cause short-duration, high-volume melt events on the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS). In contrast with traditional climate modeling studies that rely on coarse (1 to 2°) grids, this project investigates the effectiveness of variable-resolution (VR) grids in modeling ARs and their subsequent precipitation using refined grid spacing (0.25 and 0.125°) around the GrIS and 1° grid spacing for the rest of the globe in a coupled land–atmosphere model simulation. VR simulations from the Community Earth System Model version 2.2 (CESM2.2) bridge the gap between the limitations of global and regional climate models while maximizing computational efficiency. ARs from CESM2.2 simulations using three grid types (VR, latitude–longitude, and quasi-uniform) with varying resolutions are compared to outputs from two observation-based reanalysis products, ERA5 and the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), using a study period of 1 January 1979 to 31 December 1998. The VR grids produce ARs with smaller areal extents and lower area-integrated precipitation over the GrIS compared to latitude–longitude and quasi-uniform grids. We hypothesize that the smaller areal AR extents in VR grids are due to the refined topography resolved in these grids. In contrast, topographic smoothing in coarser-resolution latitude–longitude and quasi-uniform grids allows ARs to penetrate further inland on the GrIS. Precipitation rates are similar for the VR, latitude–longitude, and quasi-uniform grids; thus the reduced areal extent in VR grids produces lower area-integrated precipitation. The VR grids most closely match the AR overlap extent and precipitation in ERA5 and MERRA-2, suggesting the most realistic behavior among the three configurations.