bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of ocean acidification on the potency of macroalgal allelopathy to a common coral
Authors: Del Monaco Carlos , Hay Mark E. , Gartrell Patrick , Mumby Peter J. , Diaz-Pulido Guillermo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMany coral reefs have phase shifted from coral to macroalgal dominance. Ocean acidification (OA) due to elevated CO2 is hypothesised to advantage macroalgae over corals, contributing to these shifts, but the mechanisms affecting coral-macroalgal interactions under OA are unknown. Here, we show that (i) three common macroalgae are more damaging to a common coral when they compete under CO2 concentrations predicted to occur in 2050 and 2100 than under present-day conditions, (ii) that two macroalgae damage corals via allelopathy, and (iii) that one macroalga is allelopathic under conditions of elevated CO2, but not at ambient levels. Lipid-soluble, surface extracts from the macroalga Canistrocarpus (=Dictyota) cervicornis were significantly more damaging to the coral Acropora intermedia growing in the field if these extracts were from thalli grown under elevated vs ambient concentrations of CO2. Extracts from the macroalgae Chlorodesmis fastigiata and Amansia glomerata were not more potent when grown under elevated CO2. Our results demonstrate increasing OA advantages seaweeds over corals, that algal allelopathy can mediate coral-algal interactions, and that OA may enhance the allelopathy of some macroalgae. Other mechanisms also affect coral-macroalgal interactions under OA, and OA further suppresses the resilience of coral reefs suffering blooms of macroalgae.
Determination of blue-light-induced infrared absorption based on mode-matching efficiency in an optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Wang Yajun , Yang Wenhai , Li Zhixiu , Zheng Yaohui 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNon-classical squeezed states of light at a compatible atomic wavelength have a potential application in quantum information protocols for quantum states delaying or storaging. An optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) is the most effective method for generating this squeezed state. However, it is a challege for the nonlinear interaction in PPKTP crystal at the D1 line of rubidium atomic, due to a strong blue-light-induced infrared absorption (BLIIRA). In this paper, we report an indirect measurement method for the BLIIRA through measuring the mode-matching efficiency in an optical parametric oscillator. In contrast to previous works, our method is not limited by the absolute power variation induced from the change of frequency conversion loss and the impedance matching originated from the change of absorption loss. Therefore, the measurement process is performed at the phase-matching condition. The measured results show that BLIIRA coefficient is quadratic dependence of blue light intensity below 1 kW per square centimeter in our PPKTP device, which will provide important basis for optimizing squeezed state generation at 795 nm.
The Use of In Situ222Rn Soil Measurements in the Characterisation of Soil Profiles
Authors: Stieff L.R. , Stieff H.B. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Recent in situ222Rn/214Bi soil profile measurements on hermetically sealed and weighed samples have been made using a new, experimental field method based on sequential measurements of the prompt decay of the 214Bi counting rate. At least two 214Bi count rate measurements are made in the first 11/2-2 h after sample collection and sealing, To. Two subsequent 214Bi count rate measurements are made: the first within 4-12 h, and the second approximately 900 h after To. These measurements yield the following information for each sample: (1) the extrapolated, To214Bi count rate and, indirectly, the Toin situ222Rn activity; (2) a minimum 214Bi count rate if 222Rn was lost in the sampling process; and (3) a final, constant and usually a maximum 214Bi count rate reflecting the establishment of secular radioactive equilibrium between the 226Ra, 222Rn and 214Bi in the sealed sample. This information provides the basis for: (1) assesing the state of 226Ra/222Rn radioactive equilibrium in the soil sample for the 2-3 h period immediately preceding sample collection; (2) characterising the potential loss of 222Rn from a soil profile; (3) identifying factors contributing to the mobility and transport of 222Rn; and (4) modelling the 222Rn surface flux values that might be expected under different soil moisture and atmospheric conditions.
scRNASeqDB: a database for gene expression profiling in human single cell by RNA-seq
Authors: Cao Yuan , Zhu Junjie , Han Guangchun , Jia Peilin , Zhao Zhongming 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSummary: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) is quickly becoming a powerful tool for high-throughput transcriptomic analysis of cell states and dynamics. Both the number and quality of scRNA-Seq datasets have dramatically increased recently. So far, there is no database that comprehensively collects and curates scRNA-Seq data in humans. Here, we present scRNASeqDB, a database that includes almost all the currently available human single cell transcriptome datasets (n= 36) covering 71 human cell lines or types and 8910 samples. Our online web interface allows user to query and visualize expression profiles of the gene(s) of interest, search for genes that are expressed in different cell types or groups, or retrieve differentially expressed genes between cell types or groups. The scRNASeqDB is a valuable resource for single cell transcriptional studies.Availability: The database is available athttps://bioinfo.uth.edu/scrnaseqdb/.Contact:zhongming.zhao@uth.tmc.edu
Residents’ trust predicting attitudes towards infill development
Authors: Pennanen Kyösti , Puustinen Tuulia , Arvola Anne 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse what constitutes trust for residents in the infill development context, who are the targets of trust, and does residents’ trust predict their attitudes towards infill development.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies were carried out. A qualitative study in three housing developments was followed by a quantitative study with 906 respondents in the Helsinki area, Finland.FindingsFour stakeholders relevant to the residents’ trust were identified: the board of housing development, the housing manager, city planners, and construction companies. Three dimensions were found to constitute residents’ trust in these stakeholders (competence, benevolence and integrity). Furthermore, analyses revealed that trust in city planners and construction companies significantly predicted residents’ attitudes towards infill development.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study have implications on the management of the infill development process. More attention should be paid to how residents’ perceptions of trust towards the other stakeholders are formed in order to facilitate successful infill projects. The quantitative study was carried out in different residential areas. Based on this study, the authors were not able to analyse whether and how the characteristics of the residential areas might influence the results, which represents a limitation of this study.Originality/valueThis paper provides in-depth insights into the role of trust in explaining residents’ attitudes towards infill development. Previous research devoted to the topic is scarce, neglects residents’ perspectives and lacks empirical evidence. The discussions are mainly contemplation based on case examples. No previous studies have explicitly studied the significance of trust with large samples.
Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): an organism invisible to the defences of tomato fruits
Authors: da Silva R.S. , Marques A.E. , Ferreira D.O. , Costa Á.H. , Ribeiro A.V. , de Almeida Oliveira M.G. , Alves Meira R.M.S. , de Jesus Pereira L. , Picanço M.C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInsect–plant interactions involving species of the genus Solanum have been intensively studied, resulting in several articles on insect–plant interactions. However, the interactions between herbivores and the fruits of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) are not well known. Neoleucinodes elegantalis is a borer that causes great yield losses in S. lycopersicum crops because of the direct damage that it causes to the fruits and the difficulty of controlling it. In the field, the outside of a tomato fruit infested with the larvae of N. elegantalis is visually similar to uninfested fruits. Even a minor injury by herbivores can elicit a defensive response. Due to the lack of studies on interactions between fruit borers and S. lycopersicum, our aim in this study was to determine the locations of S. lycopersicum fruit in which the N. elegantalis larvae prefer to feed. An evaluation of nutritional sources was done through histochemical and biochemical tests and the defensive response of the S. lycopersicum fruit to attack by N. elegantalis larvae was evaluated through the detection of protease inhibitors (PIs) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. Our results show that the columella region is preferred by the N. elegantalis larvae and that this region has a nutritional source. Furthermore, attack by N. elegantalis larvae in the columella does not induce a significant increase in lipoxygenase activity and PIs. Thus, our results provide a better understanding of the interaction between the larvae of N. elegantalis and S. lycopersicum fruits and a better understanding of the evolution of plant–herbivore interactions, with an emphasis on the choice of feeding location as a strategy to avoid plant defences.
Improving exchange with consumers within mental health organizations: Recognizing mental ill health experience as a ‘sneaky, special degree’
Authors: Scholz Brett , Bocking Julia , Happell Brenda 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStigmatizing views towards consumers may be held even by those working within mental health organizations. Contemporary mental health policies require organizations to work collaboratively with consumers in producing and delivering services. Using social exchange theory, which emphasises mutual exchange to maximise benefits in partnership, the current study explores the perspectives of those working within organizations that have some level of consumer leadership. Interviews were conducted with 14 participants from a range of mental health organizations. Data were transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analytic and discursive psychological techniques. Findings suggest stigma is still prevalent even in organizations that have consumers in leadership positions, and consumers are often perceived as less able to work in mental health organizations than non‐consumers. Several discourses challenged such a view – showing how consumers bring value to mental health organizations through their expertise in the mental health system, and their ability to provide safety and support to other consumers. Through a social exchange theory lens, the authors call for organizations to challenge stigma and promote the value that consumers can bring to maximize mutual benefits.
Development of a model care pathway for adults undergoing colorectal cancer surgery: Evidence‐based key interventions and indicators
Authors: van Zelm Ruben , Janssen Ingrid , Vanhaecht Kris , de Buck van Overstraeten Anthony , Panella Massimiliano , Sermeus Walter , Coeckelberghs Ellen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesDuring the last decades, perioperative care for patients with colorectal cancer has shifted towards more standardized care, so‐called “enhanced recovery after surgery.” Those programs aim to optimize interventions in perioperative care to decrease the rate of postoperative complications, improve patients' recovery, and shorten hospital stay. The purpose of this literature review is to identify, summarize, and operationalize the clinical content of both key interventions and clinical indicators to develop an evidence‐based model pathway for surgical patients with colorectal cancer.MethodsA systematic search in 3 databases was conducted to identify key interventions (KIs) and indicators to measure the effect of implementation of care pathways. The KIs from the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol were listed and used as framework to identify and match KIs used in the included studies. The Clinical Pathway Compass was used to categorize the indicators.ResultsFifteen studies were included. The number of KI used in the study protocols ranged from 9 to 20. In total, 33 KIs were identified. Little information was available concerning the implementation of and compliance to the protocol. Length of stay and complication rate are the most common used indicators (used in 15/15 and 14/15 of the studies), followed by 21 other measures. All but one of the included studies reported a reduction in length of stay.ConclusionThere is a considerable variation in both number of KIs and indicators as well as operationalization of key interventions, for surgical patients with colorectal cancer documented in literature. Therefore, we summarized the input from different studies and developed an evidence‐based model pathway, which can serve as a basis for a local/regional care pathway team to build their own pathway.
Atrophin protein RERE positively regulates Notch targets in the developing vertebrate spinal cord
Authors: Wang Hui , Gui Hongxing , Rallo Michael S. , Xu Zhiyan , Matise Michael P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Notch signaling pathway controls cell fate decision, proliferation, and other biological functions in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Precise regulation of the canonical Notch pathway ensures robustness of the signal throughout development and adult tissue homeostasis. Aberrant Notch signaling results in profound developmental defects and is linked to many human diseases. In this study, we identified the Atrophin family protein RERE (also called Atro2) as a positive regulator of Notch target Hes genes in the developing vertebrate spinal cord. Prior studies have shown that during early embryogenesis in mouse and zebrafish, deficit of RERE causes various patterning defects in multiple organs including the neural tube. Here, we detected the expression of RERE in the developing chick spinal cord, and found that normal RERE activity is needed for proper neural progenitor proliferation and neuronal differentiation possibly by affecting Notch‐mediated Hes expression. In mammalian cells, RERE co‐immunoprecipitates with CBF1 and Notch intracellular domain (NICD), and is recruited to nuclear foci formed by over‐expressed NICD1. RERE is also necessary for NICD to activate the expression of Notch target genes. Our findings suggest that RERE stimulates Notch target gene expression by preventing degradation of NICD protein, thereby facilitating the assembly of a transcriptional activating complex containing NICD, CBF1/RBPjκ in vertebrate, Su(H) in Drosophila melanogaster, Lag1 in C. elegans, and other coactivators.
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Experiences of adolescent lung transplant recipients: A qualitative study
Authors: Anderson S. M. , Wray J. , Ralph A. , Spencer H. , Lunnon‐Wood T. , Gannon K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMany young transplant recipients experience psychological distress and adjustment difficulties, yet there is little research investigating lung transplantation from the recipients’ perspective. This qualitative study aimed to explore experiences of young people who underwent lung transplantation. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with six lung transplant recipients (aged 15‐18). Interviews were analysed using IPA, a qualitative research approach examining how people make sense of their major life experiences. The analysis revealed three master themes: “Living with Dodgy Lungs” outlined how participants dealt with their experiences, managing through accepting or discussing their feelings with others, although talking was often difficult. “The Big Deal” reflected participants’ experiences of the process, their expectations, and the contrast of their lives pre‐ and post‐transplant. Inherent in their accounts was the profound meaning ascribed to transplantation, the emotional turmoil, and impact on their lives. “A Sense of Self” illustrated participants’ developing identities within their social contexts and at times isolating experiences. The results highlight key areas where adolescent lung transplant recipients could be supported by clinicians, enabling the promotion of psychological well‐being. Examples include supporting identity integration post‐transplant, facilitating social inclusion, considering alternative means of support, and involving adolescents in healthcare decisions.
Thinking about the patient's wishes: practical wisdom of discharge planning nurses in assisting surrogate decision‐making
Authors: Kageyama Yoko , Asano Midori 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe accelerating trend towards shorter hospital stays in Japan has made modes of decision‐making essential for effective patient transition from the hospital to recuperation in the regional community, and the ageing of the population has brought a rise in surrogate decision‐making by the families of patients lacking decision‐making (‘self‐decision’) capacity.AimTo verbalise and elucidate the practical wisdom of discharge planning nurses by focusing on the perceptions and judgements, they apply in practice and describing their methodology in concrete terms.Research methodParticipants were six discharge planning nurses and one person with previous experience as a discharge planning nurse, all working at discharge planning departments of acute care hospitals. Separate, semi‐structured, interactive interviews were conducted with each participant. The study design was qualitative descriptive in form with qualitative content analysis. All participants provided written informed consent to participate in the study, which was approved by the study institution.ResultsThree concepts were extracted as the basis for discharge planning nurses’ perception and judgement at acute care hospitals: working for mutual envisionment of the available postdischarge options; helping the family act as spokesperson(s) for the patient's wishes; and understanding the family inclusive of the patient as a relationship of strongly interaffecting interests.ConclusionThe practical wisdom of the nurse, working in mutual envisionment with the family, and collaborative decision‐making through discussion with those who know the patient, leads to rational discharge assistance.
Women's experiences of nurse case management on a gynaecological oncology unit in a Swiss tertiary hospital. A thematic analysis
Authors: Grob Silvia , Bläuer Cornelia , Frei Irena Anna 
Published: February 2017

RationaleWomen with gynaecological cancer face various physical, social and emotional challenges concerning their health. Existing research shows that case management can improve patient satisfaction and reduce readmission rates. Although nurse case management was introduced on a gynaecological oncology unit in a Swiss university hospital in 2013, little is known about the experiences of female patients on a unit that uses this model of care.AimsThe aims were to explore women's experiences and to gain deeper understanding about hospital‐based nurse case management on a gynaecological oncology unit and to qualitatively evaluate the concept of nurse case management.MethodsSound research knowledge suggests that experiences are best explored with a qualitative research design. Ten participant interviews were conducted and inductively analysed between September 2014 and May 2015 as described by the thematic analysis method. Ethical approval was obtained, and the women signed a consent form.ResultsThe first theme was named continuous relationship, with the nurse case manager as contact person and trusted partner. Study participants explained that friendliness and being present were essential qualities of nurse case management. Secondly, an essential support for women dealing with the situation of gynaecological cancer was described in the theme sharing information. The organisation of rehabilitation and other services by the nurse case management defined the third theme coordinating care.Conclusions and limitationsTrust was seen as the basis of the continuous relationship, marked by friendliness and presence of the nurse case manager. The helpful approach of persons practicing nurse case management made dealing with the situation of illness easier for women with gynaecological cancer. Coordination of information between the nurse case management and other healthcare services could be improved. Further evaluation is suggested to explore effects of the concept on family members.
Location‐invariant Multi‐sample U‐tests for Covariance Matrices with Large Dimension
Authors: Ahmad M. Rauf 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFor two or more multivariate distributions with common covariance matrix, test statistics for certain special structures of the common covariance matrix are presented when the dimension of the multivariate vectors may exceed the number of such vectors. The test statistics are constructed as functions of location‐invariant estimators defined as U‐statistics, and the corresponding asymptotic theory is used to derive the limiting distributions of the proposed tests. The properties of the test statistics are established under mild and practical assumptions, and the same are numerically demonstrated using simulation results with small or moderate sample sizes and large dimensions.
When and Why are Principal Component Scores a Good Tool for Visualizing High‐dimensional Data?
Authors: Hellton Kristoffer H. , Thoresen Magne 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPrincipal component analysis is a popular dimension reduction technique often used to visualize high‐dimensional data structures. In genomics, this can involve millions of variables, but only tens to hundreds of observations. Theoretically, such extreme high dimensionality will cause biased or inconsistent eigenvector estimates, but in practice, the principal component scores are used for visualization with great success. In this paper, we explore when and why the classical principal component scores can be used to visualize structures in high‐dimensional data, even when there are few observations compared with the number of variables. Our argument is twofold: First, we argue that eigenvectors related to pervasive signals will have eigenvalues scaling linearly with the number of variables. Second, we prove that for linearly increasing eigenvalues, the sample component scores will be scaled and rotated versions of the population scores, asymptotically. Thus, the visual information of the sample scores will be unchanged, even though the sample eigenvectors are biased. In the case of pervasive signals, the principal component scores can be used to visualize the population structures, even in extreme high‐dimensional situations.