bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Pays to Play Freemium Games? The Profiles and Motivations of Players Who Make Purchases Within Social Casino Games
Authors: Gainsbury Sally M. , King Daniel L. , Russell Alex M. T. , Delfabbro Paul 
Published: June 2016

Background and aims
Social casino games (SCGs) feature gambling themes and are typically free to download and play with optional in-game purchases. Although few players spend money, this is sufficient to make them profitable for game developers. Little is known about the profile and motivations of paying players as compared to non-paying players.

Methods
This study compared the characteristics of 521 paying and non-paying Australian social casino game players who completed an online survey.

Results
Paying players were more likely to be younger, male, speak a non-English language, and have a university education than non-payers. Paying players were more likely to be more highly involved in SCG in terms of play frequency and engagement with games and emphasized social interaction more strongly as a motivation for playing. A cluster analysis revealed distinct subgroups of paying players; these included more frequent moderate spenders who made purchases to avoid waiting for credits and to give gifts to friends as well as less frequent high spenders who made purchases to increase the entertainment value of the game.

Discussion
These findings suggest that paying players have some fundamental differences from non-paying players and high spenders are trying to maximize their enjoyment, while non-spenders are content with the game content they access.

Conclusions
Given the structural similarities between SCG and online gambling, understanding subgroups of players may have broader implications, including identifying characteristics of gamers who may also engage in gambling and players who may develop problems related to excessive online gaming.
Efficacy and Safety of Methadone as a Second-Line Opioid for Cancer Pain in an Outpatient Clinic: A Prospective Open-Label Study
Authors: Porta-Sales Josep , Garzón-Rodríguez Cristina , Villavicencio-Chávez Christian , Llorens-Torromé Silvia , González-Barboteo Jesús 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Introduction.
Most clinical reports on methadone rotation describe outcomes in hospitalized patients. The few studies that have included outpatients are retrospective. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of methadone as a second-line opioid in adult patients with advanced cancer after rotation in routine clinical practice at a palliative care outpatient clinic.

Patients and Methods.
This was a prospective, open-label study of 145 patients whose treatment was rotated from other opioids to methadone. Informed consent was obtained in all cases. The main outcome measure was change in the variable “worst pain” at day 28. Pain and pain interference were assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory, with side effects evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. Pain levels were evaluated at study entry and at days 3, 7, 9, 14, 21, and 28.

Results.
Rotation to methadone was performed for the following reasons: poor pain control (77.9%), opioid side effects (2.1%), or both (20%). The mean daily oral morphine equivalent dose before rotation was 193.7 mg. The median worst and average pain scores decreased significantly (p &lt; .0001) from baseline to day 28: The median worst pain score decreased from 9 (interquartile range [IQR]: 8–10) to 6 (IQR: 3–8), and the median average pain score decreased from 6 (IQR: 5–7) to 4 (IQR: 2–5). The proportions of patients with moderate to severe worst and average pain decreased by 30.3% and 47.5%, respectively, by day 28. No increase in opioid toxicity was observed during the study.

Conclusion.
In outpatients with advanced cancer, rotation to methadone as a second-line opioid was efficacious and safe when using a tiered scheme with close follow-up by experienced health professionals.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Nurse-Led Supportive Care Package (SurvivorCare) for Survivors of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jefford Michael , Gough Karla , Drosdowsky Allison , Russell Lahiru , Aranda Sanchia , Butow Phyllis , Phipps-Nelson Jo , Young Jane , Krishnasamy Mei , Ugalde Anna , King Dorothy , Strickland Andrew , Franco Michael , Blum Robert , Johnson Catherine , Ganju Vinod , Shapiro Jeremy , Chong Geoffrey , Charlton Julie , Haydon Andrew , Schofield Penelope 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Introduction.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and its treatments can cause distressing sequelae. We conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial aiming to improve psychological distress, supportive care needs (SCNs), and quality of life (QOL) of patients with CRC. The intervention, called SurvivorCare (SC), comprised educational materials, needs assessment, survivorship care plan, end-of-treatment session, and three follow-up telephone calls.

Methods.
At the end of treatment for stage I–III CRC, eligible patients were randomized 1:1 to usual care (UC) or to UC plus SC. Distress (Brief Symptom Inventory 18), SCNs (Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs measure), and QOL (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] QOL questionnaires C30 and EORTC CRC module CR29) were assessed at baseline and at 2 and 6 months (follow-up 1 [FU1] and FU2, respectively). The primary hypothesis was that SC would have a beneficial effect on distress at FU1. The secondary hypotheses were that SC would have a beneficial effect on (a) SCN and QOL at FU1 and on (b) distress, SCNs, and QOL at FU2. A total of 15 items assessed experience of care.

Results.
Of 221 patients randomly assigned, 4 were ineligible for the study and 1 was lost to FU, leaving 110 in the UC group and 106 in the SC group. Patients’ characteristics included the following: median age, 64 years; men, 52%; colon cancer, 56%; rectal cancer, 35%; overlapping sites of disease, 10%; stage I disease, 7%; stage II, 22%; stage III, 71%. Baseline distress and QOL scores were similar to population norms. Between-group differences in distress at FU1 (primary outcome) and at FU2, and SCNs and QOL at FU1 and FU2 were small and nonsignificant. Patients in the SC group were more satisfied with survivorship care than those in the UC group (significant differences on 10 of 15 items).

Conclusion.
The addition of SC to UC did not have a beneficial effect on distress, SCNs, or QOL outcomes, but patients in the SC group were more satisfied with care.
El poder subversivo de la fábula en sus diversas manifestaciones diacrónicas
Authors: Matic Gordana 
Published: June 2016

<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>La fábula ha tenido desde siempre una función retórica e ilustrativa que se ha manifestado a lo largo de la historia de modo dual: mostraba para enseñar, lo que muchas veces implicaba el componente moralizador, o para criticar. Mientras se empeñaba en conseguir una de las dos intencionalidades, o las dos simultáneamente, ha podido ser revestida de un tono humorístico, burlón, irónico o sarcástico. Partiendo de las observaciones sobre el género de Fedro, Rodríguez Adrados o Mireya Camurati, en este trabajo nos proponemos analizar una selección de fábulas clásicas, medievales, dieciochescas y decimonónicas, para demostrar que el aspecto crítico e incluso subversivo del género se mantiene abiertamente activo aun en las épocas en las que se potencia su intención didáctico-moralizante.</p><p>Palabras clave: fábula, definiciones del género, estudio diacrónico, aspecto crítico, aspecto didáctico-moralizante</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The fable has always had a rhetoric and illustrative function that manifested itself during its long history in two different ways: on one hand, it represented an example in order to teach, which usually implied the moral component, or on the other hand, to criticize. While it strived to achieve one of these intentions, or sometimes both simultaneously, it could have been written in a humorous, mocking, ironic or sarcastic tone. In this paper, we analyze a selection of classical and medieval, 18th and 19th century fables written in Spanish, with definitions proposed by Phaedrus, Rodríguez Adrados and Mireya Camurati as starting points, in order to show that the critical aspect of this genre was openly maintained and taken benefit of even in the historical periods when its didactic and moralizing intention was preferred and strongly emphasized.</p></div><p>Key words: fable, definition of genre, diachronic approach, critical aspect, didactic and moral aspect</p><p> </p>
COURAGEOUS CONVERSATIONS IN CHILD AND YOUTH CARE: NOTHING LOST IN THE TELLING
Authors: Yoon Jin-Sun 
Published: June 2016

<p>Following the tradition of Indigenous and Korean elders with whom I have had the great privilege to work and learn from, I would like to start by sharing my gratitude for the land that we are on. In this way, we ground ourselves spiritually, emotionally, and physically by acknowledging the presence of our ancestors (current and past) in everything we do.</p><p> </p><p>I am a child immigrant from South Korea so I want to acknowledge that this is not the Indigenous land of my ancestors. I would like to point out the privilege of being a visitor who can work, play, and raise my family on unceded traditional Coast and Strait Salish territories. Back in the early 1990s, the First Nations House of Learning was opened while I was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia. At that time, I understood that it was important to acknowledge traditional territories. What I used to believe was basic protocol in the presence of Indigenous people and during ceremonies has now been transformed to an embodied way of living that guides me in my daily practice.</p><p> </p>
A MOVEMENT TO BELONG: THE GREEN MOVEMENT AS A SITE OF CITIZENSHIP
Authors: Nabavi Maryam , Mahboub Romina 
Published: June 2016

<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Drawing on ethnographic data collected in 2010, this paper unpacks the notion of social citizenship as it bears on the lives of young Iranian immigrant activists in Canada. Drawing on our researcher and activist standpoints, we examine activist youth’s involvement in the Green Movement<em> </em>– a global movement of dissent in response to the 2009 presidential elections in Iran. In doing so, we move beyond<em> </em>the duality of identity and belonging as mediated by a sense of nationhood to either Iran or Canada. Rather, through the lens of social citizenship, we shed light on the ways in which the Green Movement, as an activist practice, was a space of emancipation. We explore the ways in which support for and momentum of an initiative created and led by youth enabled them to engage as citizens in ways that challenged the notion that citizenship is defined merely by geographic borders; globalized social, cultural, and political contexts were more significant in characterizing their citizenship.</span></p>
SPEAKING RIGHTS: YOUTH EMPOWERMENT THROUGH A PARTICIPATORY APPROACH
Authors: Cooper Amy , Nazzari Vincenza , Kon Kam King Julie , Pettigrew Annie 
Published: June 2016

Using Equitas’ Speaking Rights Program as a best practice example, this article outlines the essential practices and conditions of a participatory approach to human rights education for youth, and explores how this approach effectively supports youth empowerment. The authors maintain that programs that use a participatory approach to human rights education are more likely to engage youth in actions for social change within their communities. They suggest that youth workers who are trained and well equipped to address issues that are on the minds of youth are critical in helping youth develop the skills and motivation to participate.
INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE ON ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS IN EDUCATION FOR DISENFRANCHISED CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE AUSTRALIAN CONTEXT
Authors: Shay Marnee , Morgan Ann , Lampert Jo , Heck Deborah 
Published: June 2016

<p> </p><p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Introduction to the Special Issue on Alternative Pathways in Education for Disenfranchised Children and Young People in the Australian Context.</span><strong></strong></p><p> </p>
Peace Education Knowledge, Attitudes, Values and Skills (KAVS) of Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Pendon Guiller P. 
Published: June 2016

<div><p><em>Pre-service teachers who were acquainted with the schemes of peace education can be an agent of transformation in the global society and must place peace education in their heart as future teachers. A sample of 80 students of WVSU-Janiuay Campus was chosen through stratified sampling. Data were gathered with the aid of peace education awareness questionnaire-checklist adapted from Castro &amp; Galace (2008). </em><em> It utilized the descriptive design to collect, analyze and classify data on the level of awareness of the pre-service teachers on the Knowledge, Attitudes, Values and Skills <strong>(</strong>KAVS) schemas of peace education. The combined scores of pre-service teachers were aware of peace education’s knowledge, attitudes, values and skills areas. When classified as to course, the BEED, were aware while the BSED were very aware. Both male and female were aware. Those with high grade point average were very aware while those with average and low grade point average were aware of the peace education schemas. As an entire group, the attitudes and values scores of the respondents were aware and when grouped according to course, it showed that all respondents were very aware. Both sexes were aware of peace education KAVS.</em></p></div>
Are Fines An Effective Sanction?
Authors: Pendon Guiller P. 
Published: June 2016

<div><p><em>The study explored the perception of fourth year students on the implementation of monetary sanctions as fines for non-attendance in school activities. The study examined the extent in which fines were perceived, whether or not this fines would be re-imposed or not in the future. The study employed descriptive and qualitative designs. Descriptive data was obtained through a questionnaire checklist. There were 12 respondents who were interviewed and their responses were summarized and interpreted accordingly. The findings revealed that the respondents have poor perceptions on the implementation of fines in the form of monetary sanctions while the qualitative data seems to prove that respondents considered fines as an effective sanction to improve students’ attendance in school activities. </em></p></div>
Analysis of Cadmium and Lead in honey: direct-determination by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Colabucci Andrea , Turco Anna Chiara , Ciprotti Maria , Di Gregorio Marco , Sorbo Angela , Ciaralli Laura 
Published: June 2016

<p>One of the emerging issues regarding the analysis of inorganic contaminants in food is the determination of Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) in honey. In fact, this kind of analysis is foreseen in most of the National Residue Control Plans (NRCPs) that European Union Member States (EU MSs) have to perform according to Directive 96/23.</p><p>With the aim to provide technical support to the EU National Reference Laboratories (NRLs), an easy-to-use method on direct determination (DD) of Cd and Pb in honey by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) after dissolution in an aqueous mixture of 2.5 % HNO<sub>3</sub> (v/v) and 12.5 % H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (v/v) was in-house validated and distributed to the NRLs network. Analyses were carried out on a batch prepared for the feasibility study of the EURL-CEFAO 19<sup>th</sup> PT on honey. The validation levels (20 and 100 µg/kg for Cd and Pb, respectively) were chosen similar to those that would have been proposed for the PT.</p><p>The method proved its efficacy in terms of analytical performance; it appears to be low cost and time saving compared to a microwave sample preparation. In addition, it also decreases the environmental impact, being the amount of acid and reagents considerably reduced. </p>
Returns on Investment in California County Departments of Public Health
Authors: Brown Timothy T. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives. To estimate the average return on investment for the overall activities of county departments of public health in California.Methods. I gathered the elements necessary to estimate the average return on investment for county departments of public health in California during the period 2001 to 2008–2009. These came from peer-reviewed journal articles published as part of a larger project to develop a method for determining return on investment for public health by using a health economics framework. I combined these elements by using the standard formula for computing return on investment, and performed a sensitivity analysis. Then I compared the return on investment for county departments of public health with the returns on investment generated for various aspects of medical care.Results. The estimated return on investment from $1 invested in county departments of public health in California ranges from $67.07 to $88.21.Conclusions. The very large estimated return on investment for California county departments of public health relative to the return on investment for selected aspects of medical care suggests that public health is a wise investment.
Mortality Among Adults With Intellectual Disability in England: Comparisons With the General Population
Authors: Hosking Fay J. , Carey Iain M. , Shah Sunil M. , Harris Tess , DeWilde Stephen , Beighton Carole , Cook Derek G. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives. To describe mortality among adults with intellectual disability in England in comparison with the general population.Methods. We conducted a cohort study from 2009 to 2013 using data from 343 general practices. Adults with intellectual disability (n = 16 666; 656 deaths) were compared with age-, gender-, and practice-matched controls (n = 113 562; 1358 deaths).Results. Adults with intellectual disability had higher mortality rates than controls (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.3, 3.9). This risk remained high after adjustment for comorbidity, smoking, and deprivation (HR = 3.1; 95% CI = 2.7, 3.4); it was even higher among adults with intellectual disability and Down syndrome or epilepsy. A total of 37.0% of all deaths among adults with intellectual disability were classified as being amenable to health care intervention, compared with 22.5% in the general population (HR = 5.9; 95% CI = 5.1, 6.8).Conclusions. Mortality among adults with intellectual disability is markedly elevated in comparison with the general population, with more than a third of deaths potentially amenable to health care interventions. This mortality disparity suggests the need to improve access to, and quality of, health care among people with intellectual disability.
Parental Race/Ethnicity and Adverse Birth Outcomes in New York City: 2000–2010
Authors: Borrell Luisa N. , Rodriguez-Alvarez Elena , Savitz David A. , Baquero Maria C. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives. To examine the association of maternal race/ethnicity only and parental race/ethnicity jointly with adverse birth outcomes (low birth weight, small for gestational age, preterm birth, and infant mortality) among New York City women. Methods. We used Bureau of Vital Statistics, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene birth- and death-linked data from 2000 to 2010 (n = 984 807) to quantify the association of maternal race/ethnicity and parental race/ethnicity concordance or discordance with each outcome. Results. By maternal race/ethnicity, infants of non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Asian women had risks of adverse birth outcomes between 10% and 210% greater than infants of non-Hispanic White women. Infants of non-Hispanic Black, Asian, and Hispanic couples exhibited higher risk of adverse birth outcomes than infants of non-Hispanic White couples. Moreover, parental racial/ethnic discordance was associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, with highest risks for pairings of Asian men with non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic women, and of Asian women with non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men. Conclusions. Parental race/ethnicity discordance may add stress to women during pregnancy, affecting birth outcomes. Thus, parental race/ethnicity should be considered when examining such outcomes.
Perceived Roles of Information and Communication Technologies in the Implementation of Continuous Assessment in Nigerian Secondary Schools
Authors: Akindoju Olugbenga Gabriel , Banjoko Sunday Olaniyi , Jimoh Akinola Saliu 
Published: June 2016

The study examined the roles of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the conduct of continuous assessment in secondary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. Adopting a survey type of descriptive research, a self developed questionnaire was administered on 240 respondents (principals, vice-principals and teachers) from 20 randomly selected secondary schools across 5 local government areas. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive and t-test inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance, to answer the research questions, and test hypotheses respectively. Based on the analysis conducted, it was found that; both school managers and teachers are aware of the use of ICT for continuous assessment in secondary schools; schools do not have adequate resources for employing ICT for continuous assessment in schools; there is no significant gender difference in teachers’ awareness level on the use of ICTs for continuous assessment contrary to that of the school managers. Appropriate recommendations were made by the authors.
The Relevance of Science, Technology and Mathematics Education (STME) in Developing Skills for Self Reliance: The Nigerian Experience
Authors: Matazu Suleiman Sa'adu 
Published: June 2016

Science, Technology and Mathematics Education (STME) has been proved to be an indispensable factor in the economic development of any country; and for Nigeria, it has a more critical role to play. This paper examines the relevance of science, technology and mathematics education (STME) for national development and self-reliance of Nigerian citizens. A historical overview of the interconnectivity of science, technology and mathematics education (STME) and self reliance is highlighted. The current situation and challenges facing STME in Nigeria are also highlighted to bring out the theoretical relevance of (STME) for self reliance which actually has not been practically realized. The author's recommendations include the call for training and re-training of STME teachers to update their knowledge, and the provision of long vocation/weekend programmes for out of school individuals, among others.