bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neurology of professional performance
Authors: Lal Liaquat 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the impact on workplace performance and employee development of economic, technological, demographic and socio-political drivers, the consequential shift in job role design from an algorithmic to a heuristic model, and the importance of adopting management approaches that enhance intrinsic motivation, creativity and innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reviews findings from research into intrinsic motivation, Neuroleadership (including circumstances that trigger neurological responses in the limbic system in response to the threat of social pain) and the work of the psychologist, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, to explore possible approaches to performance leadership that reflect insights from neurology into the actions and reactions of the human brain.

Findings
The article proposes a classification of employees that reflects their location on two axes: the development challenge faced and pressure experienced in doing so. In the case of three (out of a total of four) classifications where performance may prove to be either unsatisfactory or unsustainable, management strategies, styles and approaches to improve individual and organisational performance and employee engagement are suggested.

Originality/value
As the nature of both work and the workforce evolve, management approaches that focus on inspiring rather than controlling performance will be of greater organisational benefit. By acknowledging these paradigm shifts and drawing on recently learning about human brain function, revised approaches to people management and performance leadership can help organisations to optimise performance and build and maintain workplace environments in which creativity and innovation are more likely to flourish.
Understanding the human at work – how neurosciences are influencing HR practices
Authors: Cheese Peter , Hills Jan 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to describe the relevance and application of insights from the field of neuroscience on practice and thinking of human resources (HRs).

Design/methodology/approach
It draws on the experience, views and insights of the authors in providing the context, some of the key insights from neuroscience relevant to the field and examples of people management and development practices.

Findings
The paper reinforces the view of the relevance and importance of using better understanding of human behaviour through neuroscience to drive more effective people management and development practices.

Originality/value
Understanding and application of neuroscience insights to HR practices and processes is still in its early stages. The article challenges the need for a wider shift in thinking and philosophy across business to take a more human centred approach to address the shifts and challenges of the modern workplace and workforces.
Neuroscience as a basis for HR practices
Authors: Paterson Sue 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to show how insights from recent research in neuroscience into how the human brain works helps to understand how HR practices can be more effective.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on the book “The Fear-Free Organization: Vital insights from neuroscience to transform your business culture” by Brown et al. (2015) published by Kogan Page.

Findings
HR practitioners need to understand that all human thought, action and feeling are based on emotion. HR practices that trigger emotions related to escape/avoidance (fear, anger, disgust, shame and sadness) are counter-productive because the individual will focus on surviving rather than thriving. It is much more effective to engage the emotions related to attachment/growth (excitement/joy and trust/love).

Practical implications
Practical examples are given for HR practices in recruitment, resourcing, performance appraisal, leadership training and change programmes.

Originality/value
The article is one of the first to explicitly link the effectiveness of HR practices with understanding how the human brain works, based on insights from neuroscience.
A dose–response estimate for acute alcohol use and risk of suicide attempt
Authors: Borges Guilherme , Cherpitel Cheryl J. , Orozco Ricardo , Ye Yu , Monteiro Maristela , Hao Wei , Benegal Vikram 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study reports dose–response estimates for the relative risk and population attributable risk (PAR) between acute alcohol use and serious suicide attempt. Data were analyzed on 272 suicide attempters arriving at 38 emergency departments within 6 hours of the event in 17 countries. Case‐crossover analysis, pair‐matching the number of standard drinks consumed within the 6 hours prior to the suicide attempt with that consumed during the same 6‐hour period of the previous week, was performed using fractional polynomial analysis for dose–response. Every drink increased the risk of a suicide attempt by 30 percent; even one–two drinks was associated with a sizable increase in the risk of a serious suicide attempt, and a dose–response was found for the relationship between drinking 6 hours prior and the risk of a suicide attempt up to 20 drinks. Acute use of alcohol was responsible for 35 percent PAR of all suicide attempts. While very high levels of drinking were associated with larger relative risk s of suicide attempt, the control and reduction of smaller quantities of acute alcohol use also had an impact on population levels of suicide attempt, as showed here for the first time with our PAR estimates. Interventions to stop drinking or at least decrease levels of consumption could reduce the risk of suicide attempt. Screening people more at risk to suffer these acute effects of ethanol and offering interventions that work to these high‐risk groups are a matter of urgent new research in the area.
Poor validity of the routine diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants at discharge
Authors: Juhl SM , Hansen ML , Fonnest G , Gormsen M , Lambæk ID , Greisen G 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimNecrotising enterocolitis contributes considerably to the mortality of preterm infants, but most questions remain unsolved after decades of extensive research. This Danish study investigated the validity of necrotising enterocolitis diagnoses at discharge according to Bell's staging system.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective single‐centre cohort study of 714 preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 30 weeks born in 2006–2013. The infants were diagnosed with necrotising enterocolitis according to Bell's stages 2–3 at discharge and in retrospect by an expert panel, which served as our gold standard.ResultsThe sensitivity of necrotising enterocolitis diagnosed at discharge was 0.72–0.75 depending on whether spontaneous intestinal perforation was included as necrotising enterocolitis or not. The positive predictive value of the diagnosis was 0.49–0.61. The incidence was significantly higher when diagnosed at discharge than when diagnosed by the expert panel (11.1 versus 9.0%, p = 0.03). The mortality rate for infants who were underdiagnosed at discharge was 50.0%, and it was 25.8% for infants who were overdiagnosed (p = 0.10).ConclusionWe found poor validity for the discharge diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis. In future, a better way of defining the disease is needed for large‐scale epidemiologic research.
Comparison of models for genetic evaluation of number of inseminations to conception in Danish Holstein cows
Authors: Guo Gang , Hou Yali , Zhang Yuan , Su Guosheng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNumber of inseminations to conception (NINS), an important fertility trait, requires appropriate approaches for genetic evaluation due to its non‐normal distribution and censoring records. In this study, we analyzed NINS in 474 837 Danish Holstein cows at their first lactation by using seven models which deal with the categorical phenotypes and censored records in different manners, further assessed these models with regard to stability, lack of bias and accuracy of prediction. The estimated heritability from four models based on original NINS specified as a linear Gaussian model, categorical threshold model, threshold linear model and survival model were similar (0.031‐0.037). While for the other three models based on the binary response derived from NINS, referred as threshold model (TM), logistic and probit models (LOGM and PROM), the heritability were estimated as 0.027, 0.063 and 0.027, respectively. The model comparison concluded that different models could lead to slightly different sire rankings in terms of breeding values; a more complicated model led to less stability of prediction; the models based on the binary response derived from NINS (TM, LOGM and PROM) had slightly better performances in terms of unbiased and accurate prediction of breeding values.
The differential impact of natural killer (NK) cell education via KIR2DL3 and KIR3DL1 on CCL4 secretion in the context ofin-vitroHIV infection
Authors: Lisovsky I , Isitman G , Tremblay-McLean A , Song R , DaFonseca S , Lebouchẻ B , Routy J-P , Bruneau J , Bernard N F 
Published: August 2016

SummaryCarriage of certain inhibitory natural killer (NK) cell receptor (iNKR)/HLA ligand pairs is associated with protection from infection and slow time to AIDS implicating NK cells in HIV control. NK cells acquire functional potential through education, which requires the engagement of iNKRs by their human leucocyte antigen (HLA) ligands. HIV infection down-regulates cell surface HLA-A/B, but not HLA-C/E. We investigated how NK cell populations expressing combinations of the iNKRs NKG2A, KIR2DL3 (2DL3) and KIR3DL1 (3DL1) responded to autologous HIV infected CD4 (iCD4) cells. Purified NK cells from HIV-uninfected individuals were stimulated with autologous HIV iCD4 or uninfected CD4 T cells. Using flow cytometry we gated on each of the 8 NKG2A+/–2DL3+/–3DL1+/- populations and analysed all possible combinations of interferon (IFN)-γ, CCL4 and CD107a functional subsets responding to iCD4 cells. Infected CD4 cells induced differential frequencies of NKG2A+/–2DL3+/–3DL1+/– populations with total IFN-γ+, CCL4+ and CD107a+ functional profiles. 2DL3+NKG2A+ NK cells had a higher frequency of responses to iCD4 than other populations studied. A higher frequency of 2DL3+ NK cells responded to iCD4 from individuals that were not HLA-C1 homozygotes. These results show that 2DL3+ NK cells are mediators of HIV-specific responses. Furthermore, responses of NK cell populations to iCD4 are influenced not only by NK cell education through specific KIR/HLA pairs, but also by differential HIV-mediated changes in HLA expression.
Recognizing the ‘big things’ and the ‘little things’ in child protection cases
Authors: Ursin Marit , Oltedal Siv , Muñoz Carolina 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this article, we explore how ‘family’ is conceptualized and negotiated in a Mexican and a Chilean child protection institution. We draw on empirical material from two qualitative studies, employing a multi‐method approach. By using a theoretical framework from family sociology, we explore how ‘family’ is done and displayed by families of children in residential care despite socio‐economic, structural and institutional constraints. These displays consist mainly of ‘little things’ of a mundane character, such as homemade food, sweets, gifts, clothing and family photos, and more intangible displays as family narratives, affection and parental responsibility. The empirical material reveals how professionals commonly disregard these displays in favour of ‘big things’ such as housing, employment, nuclear family structure, therapy and parental school attendance. The professionals' recommendations and decisions in child custody cases can be interpreted as recognitions or rejections of family displays, as the acceptable limits of unconventionality are legally, socially and culturally drawn.
Revised Taxonomic Binomials Jeopardize Protective Wildlife Legislation
Authors: Zhou Zhao‐Min , Newman Chris , Buesching Christina D. , Meng Xiuxiang , Macdonald David W. , Zhou Youbing 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDue to revised phylogenies and newly discovered biogeographic distributions, scientific binomials are being amended continuously. Problematic is that wildlife protection legislation tends not to keep pace with these reappraisals, creating a wide range of legislative loopholes and potentially compromising ability to prosecute illegal wildlife trade (IWT). This serious and growing international problem proves particularly challenging in China because binomials used on China's national legislation have not been updated since 1989, alongside the enormous issues of IWT in this megadiverse nation. Here, we focus especially on mammals, because these support lucrative criminal markets and receive the greatest international policing efforts; however, all protected taxa are vulnerable to this misnaming ambiguity. To date, the names of 25 threatened species, including 18 mammals, have become incongruent with Chinese law. Additionally, two primate species, newly discovered within China, have not yet been incorporated into Chinese law. A further six mammalian species are known by different synonyms between Chinese law and CITES, hindering international policing and compilation of data on IWT. Taxonomic revisions similarly undermine legislation in other megadiverse countries; posing a critical risk to wildlife protection worldwide. We recommend that scientific binomials must be updated systematically across all 181 CITES signatory nations.
The role of DOG1 immunohistochemistry in dermatopathology
Authors: Goto Keisuke 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to evaluate the immunoexpression of DOG1, a specific marker expressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, in normal skin tissues and cutaneous epithelial tumors.MethodsDOG1 immunostaining extent, intensity and pattern were evaluated in 69 cutaneous apocrine/eccrine tumors, 11 sebaceous tumors, 46 follicular tumors, 52 keratinocytic tumors and perilesional normal tissues.ResultsIn normal tissues, DOG1 was expressed strongly in the intercellular canaliculi of eccrine glands, moderately in the myoepithelial cells of mammary and anogenital mammary‐like glands, and weakly or not at all in the periphery of sebaceous lobules and the lower layer of epidermis and follicular infundibulum. All apocrine‐type cutaneous mixed tumors showed apical‐luminal positivity for DOG1, and 4/9 of these tumors included intercellular canaliculi highlighted by DOG1 immunostaining. Other sweat gland tumors, including hidrocystadenoma, spiradenoma, cylindroma and apocrine carcinoma, also expressed DOG1 focally with an apical‐luminal pattern. Although slight membranous positivity for DOG1 was observed in various tumor types, hidradenoma papilliferum exhibited diffuse membranous DOG1 staining in the myoepithelial cells.ConclusionsDOG1 is a novel marker for identifying intercellular canaliculi and is a potential immunomarker of myoepithelial cells specific to mammary glands, anogenital mammary‐like glands and tumors originating therein.
Primär kutane CD30+ lymphoproliferative Erkrankungen
Authors: Wieser Iris , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Cabala Carlos A. Torres , Duvic Madeleine 
Published: August 2016

ZusammenfassungPrimär kutane CD30+ lymphoproliferative Erkrankungen zählen zu der zweit häufigsten Gruppe der kutanen T‐Zell‐Lymphome (CTCL) und umfassen die Krankheitsbilder der lymphomatoiden Papulose (LyP) und des primär kutanen anaplastischen großzelligen Lymphoms (cALCL). Beide Erkrankungen haben klinische, histopathologische und molekulare Gemeinsamkeiten und repräsentieren ein Spektrum von kutanen CD30+ lymphoproliferativen Erkrankungen. Man kann LyP vom cALCL anhand des Zusammenspiels von klinischen und histopathologischen Befunden unterscheiden. In manchen Patienten können LyP und MF gemeinsam auftreten, oder können während des Krankheitsverlaufes entstehen. Mycosis fungoides (MF), ist die häufigste Form von CTCL und zählt nicht zur Gruppe der primär kutanen CD30+ lymphoproliferativen Erkrankungen. Manche LyP‐Patienten können jedoch von beiden Krankheitsbildern gemeinsam betroffen sein. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass ein MF‐Patient LyP‐artige Läsionen entwickelt, die eher eine Manifestation der MF darstellen als zwei unterschiedliche Erkrankungen. Besondere Vorsicht ist jedoch im Zusammenhang mit CD30+ transformierten MF‐Läsionen geboten, da die Gefahr besteht, dass diese fälschlicherweise als LyP oder cALCL diagnostiziert werden, was möglicherweise zu einer inadäquaten Behandlung führt.
Can knowledge‐based N management produce more staple grain with lower greenhouse gas emission and reactive nitrogen pollution? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xia Longlong , Lam Shu Kee , Chen Deli , Wang Jinyang , Tang Quan , Yan Xiaoyuan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractKnowledge‐based nitrogen (N) management, which is designed for a better synchronization of crop N demand with N supply, is critical for global food security and environmental sustainability. Yet, a comprehensive assessment on how these N management practices affect food production, greenhouse gas emission (GHG), and N pollution in China is lacking. We compiled the results of 376 studies (1166 observations) to evaluate the overall effects of seven knowledge‐based N management practices on crop productivity, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, and major reactive N (Nr) losses (ammonia, NH3; N leaching and runoff), for staple grain (rice, wheat, and corn) production in China. These practices included the application of controlled‐release N fertilizer, nitrification inhibitor (NI) and urease inhibitor (UI), higher splitting frequency of fertilizer N application, lower basal N fertilizer (BF) proportion, deep placement of N fertilizer, and optimal N rate based on soil N test. Our results showed that, compared to traditional N management, these knowledge‐based N practices significantly increased grain yields by 1.3–10.0%, which is attributed to the higher aboveground N uptake (5.1–12.1%) and N use efficiency in grain (8.0–48.2%). Moreover, these N management practices overall reduced GHG emission and Nr losses, by 5.4–39.8% for N2O emission, 30.7–61.5% for NH3 emission (except for the NI application), 13.6–37.3% for N leaching, and 15.5–45.0% for N runoff. The use of NI increased NH3 emission by 27.5% (9.0–56.0%), which deserves extra‐attention. The cost and benefit analysis indicated that the yield profit of these N management practices exceeded the corresponding input cost, which resulted in a significant increase of the net economic benefit by 2.9–12.6%. These results suggest that knowledge‐based N management practice can be considered an effective way to ensure food security and improve environmental sustainability, while increasing economic return.
Evaluation of successful aging among older people in China: Results from China health and retirement longitudinal study
Authors: Liu Huaqing , Byles Julie E , Xu Xiaoyue , Zhang Min , Wu Xuesen , Hall John J 
Published: August 2016

AimChina faces a “time‐bomb” of the aging population. Successful aging has long been a goal in the field of gerontology. The present study aimed to evaluate successful aging among Chinese older adults.MethodsData on a total of 7102 people in the China Health and Retirement Study aged ≥60 years were analyzed in the present study. Successful aging is defined by the model of Rowe and Kahn including the following five indicators: “no major diseases,” “no disability,” “high cognitive functioning,” “high physical functioning” and “active engagement with life.” Using logistic regression analysis, crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic parameters and successful aging.ResultsThe prevalence of successful aging was 13.2% among Chinese older people. The percentage of older people with the five indicators, “no major diseases,” “no disability,” “high cognitive functioning,” “high physical functioning,” and “active engagement with life” was 41.7%, 92.1%, 54.2%, 70.2% and 46.0%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression showed people who had received education of high/vocational school or above had significantly greater odds of successful aging compared with those with less than primary school education (P < 0.05). The effect of education to college level or above on cognitive functioning was 2.51‐fold higher in women than men (P = 0.006). Older people from a non‐agricultural Hukou had 1.85‐fold higher odds of successful aging than those from an agricultural Hukou. Older people living in the central, northeast or western regions had lower odds of successful aging relative to those living in the east coast region (0.72, 0.72 and 0.56, respectively).ConclusionsThe prevalence of successful aging is low among Chinese older people, and is affected by sociodemographic factors, such as education, Hukou and regions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1183–1190.
Prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing among older adults: A comparison of the Beers 2012 and Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions criteria version 2
Authors: Bahat Gulistan , Bay Ilker , Tufan Asli , Tufan Fatih , Kilic Cihan , Karan Mehmet Akif 
Published: August 2016

AimTo date, there is no study comparing the Beers 2012 and Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions (STOPP) version 2 criteria, nor reporting a comparison of the prevalence of potentially inappropriate Prescribing (PIM) with STOPP version 2. We aimed to evaluate the prescriptions of patients admitted to a geriatric outpatient clinic with these tools, and to document the factors related to PIM use.MethodsOlder patients (aged ≥65 years) admitted to the outpatient clinic of a university hospital were retrospectively evaluated for PIM with Beers 2012 and STOPP version 2 criteria. Age; sex; chronic disease and number of drugs; and functional, depression and nutritional statuses were studied with regression analysis as possible factors related to PIM.ResultsThe study included 667 participants (63.1% women, mean age 77.6 ± 6.3 years). The mean number of drugs was 6.1 ± 3.4. PIM prevalence detected by STOPP version 2 was higher than that of the Beers 2012 criteria (39.1% vs 33.3%, respectively; P < 0.001; Z = –3.5) with moderate agreement in between (kappa = 0.44). Antipsychotics, over‐the‐counter vitamin/supplements, aspirin, selective‐serotonin‐reuptake‐inhibitors and anticholinergics were the leading drug classes for PIM. The extent of polypharmacy (P < 0.001, OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.20–1.38) was the most important variable related to PIM, along with the multiple comorbidities (P = 0.005, OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05–1.30). Higher level of functionality was inversely associated with PIM (P = 0.009, OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.97).ConclusionsInappropriate prescription prevalence of ~40% by STOPP version 2 was similar to the global worldwide prevalence – yet at the upper end. STOPP version 2 was more successful than Beers 2012 to detect PIM. Patients with multiple drug use, multiple comorbidities and more dependency were more likely to have PIM requiring special attention during prescription. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1245–1251.