bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of accelerometer mass in mechanomyography measurements
Authors: Ahn Soonjae , Shin Isu , Kim Youngho 
Published: November 2016

Mechanomyography (MMG) signals record and quantify low-frequency lateral oscillations of active skeletal muscles. These oscillations reflect the ‘‘mechanical counterpart’’ of the motor unit activity measured by electromyography (EMG). Accelerometers have been commonly used to measure MMG. However, the accelerometer mass can affect the MMG signal. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationship of the accelerometer mass and the MMG signal. Thirty-two normal volunteers conducted the maximum voluntary contraction of leg extension. MMG signals were obtained from the rectus femoris muscle using an accelerometer. For each subject, the accelerometer mass was varied from 3, 8, 13, 18, 23 and 28 g. The signals were measured for three seconds with a sampling rate of 1kHz. Results showed that the MMG signal amplitude increased as the accelerometer mass increased. However, the median frequency (MF) of the MMG signal decreased with the increased accelerometer mass. When the accelerometer mass increased from 8 g to 13 g, the amplitude of the MMG signal increased the most, and the MF of the MMG signal decreased the most. However, for accelerometers heavier than 13 g, no significant change was observed in both the amplitude and MF. Based on the present study, the mass of the accelerometer is recommended to not exceed 13 g to properly measure MMG signals.
Cyclic testing of reinforced concrete columns with double or one-side headed shear reinforcement
Authors: Ha Taehun , Lee Sungho , Chun Sung-Chul 
Published: November 2016

The effectiveness of single-leg crossties that were anchored by heads in reinforced concrete columns was assessed. Seven reinforced concrete columns were tested under reversed cyclic loading with a 10 % axial load of the nominal axial capacity of the columns. Four columns were designed to fail in a flexural mode, and three columns were designed to fail in a shear mode. The main variable was the anchorage type of crossties: conventional crossties that were anchored with 135° and 90° hooks, crossties that were anchored with one-side head and one-side 180° hook, and crossties that were anchored with double heads. The test results indicate that the hysteretic behavior of the columns with crossties that were anchored by double heads or one-side head was similar or superior to the columns with conventional crossties anchored by hooks in terms of ductility and energy dissipation. After the cover concrete spalled, the 90° hooks inevitably opened and the column longitudinal bars buckled. However, the heads could delay the buckling of the column bars and the columns could maintain their capacities until 8 % drift ratio for the columns that were designed to fail in a flexural mode. For the columns that were designed to fail in a shear mode, all columns showed similar behaviors and had identical strengths. The columns with the headed crossties had smaller crack widths than the columns with conventional crossties because the headed crossties well confined the core concrete under severe shear deformation. The test results show that headed crossties can effectively confine the column bars and core concrete of the columns: therefore, the ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the columns were improved.
Numerical investigation on noise reduction for an in-line fan equipped with Helmholtz resonator
Authors: Lin Sheam-Chyun , Chen Yu-Cheng , Chen Yen-Jiang , Yen Hung-Cheng 
Published: November 2016

This research intends to analyze and improve the flow-induced noise of an in-line fan with Helmholtz resonator by the numerical simulation. At first, the flow and acoustic fields associated with the fan are simulated and analyzed via the CFD simulation. Subsequently, a thorough understanding on the aerodynamic and acoustic features of this mixed-flow fan is achieved. Later, to reduce the fan noise, a set of Helmholtz resonators for this inline-fan is designed and installed onto the critical regions inside the fan. Also, the flow-induced-noise reduction due to the resonator is examined and discussed in details. As a result, the maximum noise reductions on the 1st and the 2nd characteristic frequencies are obtained at 6.9 dBA and 9.8 dBA, respectively. Moreover, there is a minor noise-elimination effect found on the other harmonic frequency while the significant result appears on the designed characteristic frequency. However, all resonators used yield a significant noise reduction at the second BFF. In conclusions, a comprehensive parametric study on Helmholtz resonator is carried out and summarized for attaining a design guideline for its application on the in-line fan. The accomplishment of this study provides a systematic scheme of noise reduction for an inline-fan with the addition of Helmholtz resonator design.
Influence of web plate holes on the radiation noise characteristics of wheels of the high speed train
Authors: Tong Xun-qian , Lin Jun , Zhang Guan-yu , Zhu Xi 
Published: November 2016

The finite element model of wheels without holes was established to compute its free modal and compare with the experimental result. The relative error was controlled within 5 %, which indicated that the finite element model in this paper was reliable. Based on the finite element and geometric model, the acoustic boundary element model of wheels was established to compute the radiation noise of wheels under the action of radial and normal excitation forces. Results showed that the change trend and value of radiation noises of wheels were similar under the action of two kinds of excitation forces when the analyzed frequency was lower than 1421 Hz. However, the radiation noise of wheels under the action of two kinds of excitation forces was significantly different and presented obvious directivity in three planes with the increase of the analyzed frequency. Then, models of wheels with 5, 6, 9 and ellipse holes were established to compute radiation noises and conduct comparative analysis. Results showed that the radiation noise of wheels with 6 holes was relatively minimum under radial and normal excitations and did not decrease with the increase of the hole number. The radiation noise of wheels with circular holes made certain improvement, compared with the radiation noise of wheels with ellipse holes. Distribution curves for the directivity of radiation noises of various wheels were highly symmetrical in the Z plane and radiation noises had relatively maximum in the position of multiples of 30°. The curve for the directivity of radiation noises of wheels with 5 holes was clearly different from that of other structures in the Y plane.
Peculiarities of Psychoemotional State in Pregnant Women with Oligohydramnios
Authors: Basiuga Irina 
Published: November 2016

Oligohydramnios is an obstetric pathology being one of the most common perinatal diseases. In 70% of cases, its causes are unclear which requires further improvement of diagnostics and treatment tactics. The objective of the research was to examine psychoemotional state in pregnant women with oligohydramnios.Materials and methods. 120 pregnant women with oligohydramnios diagnosed at 27-29 weeks of gestation were examined. The control group included 30 somatically healthy women with physiological course of pregnancy. Psychoemotional state of women was evaluated using the survey and the scale proposed by S.D. Spilberg and adapted by Yu.A. Khanin. Results. When studying psychological peculiarities, we did not reveal realiable differences in the level of trait anxiety between women with oligohydramnios and pregnant women without it. Moreover, there was observed a similar division of patients by the low, medium and high levels of this indicator among patients of both groups. However, the analysis of the obtained data showed the increase in the level of state anxiety in the main group (43.28±1.36 points) compared to the control one (35.30±2.22 points, p<0.01). Among women with oligohydramnios, an increase in the proportion of individuals with a high level of this parameter (p<0.01) as well as a decrease in the proportion of individuals with a low level of this parameter was observed.Conclusions. The level of trait anxiety in pregnant women with oligohydramnios did not differfrom that in healthy women and corresponded to the average value, while the level of state anxiety which corresponded to the average values as well, significantly increased compared to pregnant women with physiological gestation (p<0.01). Among this category of patients, a statistically significant increase in the proportion of individuals with a high level of this parameter was observed (p<0.01).
Mapping of Traffic-Related Air Pollution Using GIS Techniques in Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria
Authors: Adedeji Oludare Hakeem , Oluwafunmilayo Olasumbo , Oluwaseun Tope-Ajayi Opeyemi 
Published: November 2016

Spatial and temporal characteristics of traffic related air pollutants (CO, NO, NO2 and SO2) in Ijebu-ode, Nigeria were determined using replicate portable gas detectors (Land Duo Multi Gas Monitor) at selected road junctions, motor garages and markets. Mapping of different concentration of air pollutants was carried out using kriging type of interpolation method in GIS environment. Concentration of CO ranges from 4.8 ppm at Erinlu/Molipa Roundabout to 137ppm on Sagamu/Ore Expressway. Concentrations of NO2 range from 100-662 ppb with overall average value (OAV) of 299.8 ppb, while concentration of nitrogen oxide (NO) ranges between 67-302 ppb and OAV of 166.23 ppb. SO2 had concentration ranging between 38-245 ppb and an OAV of 139.07 ppb all of which are above standard ambient air quality standards. AQI indicated very unhealthy air quality in most areas which calls for the need to establish and strengthen the health-based standard for air pollutants.
KERAGAAN KLON IRR SERI 300 DAN 400 DI PENGUJIAN PLOT PROMOSI
Authors: Woelan Sekar 
Published: November 2016

Klon karet IRR seri 300 dan 400 merupakan hasil seleksi dari kegiatan persilangan tahun 1991 dan 1992. Klon IRR seri 300 berasal dari hasil persilangan sebanyak 25.388 persilangan yang menghasilkan 397 progeni, sedangkan klon IRR seri 400 berasal dari hasil persilangan sebanyak 31.120 persilangan yang menghasilkan 828 progeni F1. Semua persilangan dan pengujian plot promosi dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Sungai Putih, Pusat Penelitian Karet. Pengujian Plot Promosi merupakan salah satu metode alternatif untuk mempersingkat masa seleksi tanaman karet yang membutuhkan waktu hampir 25-30 tahun, sehingga dengan pengujian Plot Promosi masa seleksi dapat dipersingkat 10 – 15 tahun. Materi yang digunakan dalam pengujian Plot Promosi berasal dari 1% progeni terbaik tanaman F1 di pembibitan (Seedling Evaluation Trial = SET), dengan menggunakan rancangan Simple Latice Design. Klon IRR seri 300 dibangun pada tahun 1999 sedangkan klon IRR seri 400 di bangun pada tahun 2004. Sebanyak 21 klon IRR seri 300 dan 26 klon IRR seri 400 diuji dalam penelitian ini dengan klon pembanding PB 260, RRIC 100, dan BPM 24. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi klon IRR seri 300 memperlihatkan bahwa klon IRR 302 , IRR 309, IRR 313, IRR 317, IRR 318 dan IRR 319 memiliki pertumbuhan lilit batang yang cukup tinggi, potensi hasil lateks > 45 (g/p/s) dan ketahanan penyakit gugur daun (Colletrotichum, Corynespora, dan Oidium) yang cukup baik. Dengan demikian klon-klon tersebut dapat dikembangkan menjadi klon unggul harapan penghasil lateks dan lateks-kayu. Demikian halnya dengan klon IRR seri 400, klon IRR 417 dan IRR 420 dengan potensi hasil lateks selama 2 tahun sadap > 40 (g/p/s), pertumbuhan lilit batang cukup jagur, dan ketahanan penyakit gugur daun (Colletrotichum, Corynespora, dan Oidium) yang cukup baik.
POTENSI KAYU KARET HASIL PEREMAJAAN DI TINGKAT PERUSAHAAN PERKEBUNAN
Authors: Woelan Sekar , Siagian Nurhawaty , Sayurandi Sayurandi , Pasaribu Sarifah Aini 
Published: November 2016

Kayu karet merupakan salah satu produk dari pohon karet di samping getah karet dan biji karet. Sejalan dengan berkembangnya teknologi pemanfaatan kayu karet dan semakin terbatasnya kayu yang berasal dari hutan alam, maka permintaan kayu karet meningkat setiap tahunnya karena bertambahnya jumlah penduduk dunia. Nilai ekonomi kayu karet yang meningkat dapat digunakan sebagai modal untuk peremajaan kebun karet. Dalam pemanfaatan kayu karet tua sebagai bahan baku industri berbasis kayu ada beberapa hal yang perlu diketahui yaitu distribusi potensi kayu karet menurut pengusahaan perkebunan dan berapa volume kayu karet per hektar yang dapat dihasilkan dari karet tua. Hal ini penting untuk menentukan kontinuitas penyediaan bahan baku industri pengolahan kayu karet.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL WaNuLCAS UNTUK MANAJEMEN TUMPANG SARI PADA PERKEBUNAN KARET
Authors: Cahyo Andi Nur 
Published: November 2016

Salah satu model yang dapat digunakan untuk mensimulasikan interaksi antara pohon dan atau tanaman semusim dalam kaitannya dengan penggunaan air, unsur hara, dan sinar matahari dalam suatu sistem tumpang sari pada perkebunan karet adalah model WaNuLCAS. Model ini dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi sistem tumpang sari secara keseluruhan sebelum pengaplikasian di lapangan, sehingga sangat berguna untuk menekan biaya yang lebih besar apabila percobaan tumpang sari dilakukan secara langsung di lapangan. Model ini terdiri atas dua komponen, yaitu file Wanulcas.xlsm dalam format Excel untuk input data dan file Wanulcas.stm yang ditulis dalam program Stella untuk menjalankan model WaNuLCAS tersebut. Beberapa macam data mengenai iklim, karakteristik tanah, manajemen kebun, dan karakteristik pohon serta tanaman yang akan dibudidayakan diperlukan untuk menjalankan model ini. Sebelum digunakan untuk menjalankan suatu skenario, kalibrasi dan validasi diperlukan untuk memastikan bahwa data keluaran dari model ini tidak jauh berbeda dengan data hasil pengamatan di lapangan. Model ini telah digunakan sebelumnya pada beberapa penelitian dan disimpulkan dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk memprediksi pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa macam tanaman dengan keluaran yang logis, namun masih memerlukan perbaikan pada beberapa bagian.Kata kunci :
Dynamics of CD133+ cells in cultures of glioma c6 and fetal rat brain under the neurogenic cells supernatant influence
Authors: Liubich L. , Lisyany M. , Semenova V. , Stayno L. 
Published: November 2016

Cellular and molecular similarities between brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) and normal neurogenic stem cells (NSCs) motivate the search for new methods of treatment of malignant glioma using NSCs. CD133 molecule could be one of the most typical markers of BTSCs and considered as a target for therapy of brain tumors.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rat neurogenic cells supernatant (NCsS) on the content of CD133+ cells in glioma C6 cell cultures.Materials and methods. The cells of rat brain glioma C6 were used as the source for the cultivation; for comparative assessment of tested compound impact on the intact nervous system the fetal rat brain cells on 14th (E14) day of gestation were used. The study was performed in control cultures under standard culture conditions without NCsS adding and tested cultures with adding NCsS (0.10 mg/ml of protein) for 48 hours. NCsS was received from suspensions of rat brain neurogenic cells (E14).Results. CD133-positive cells were 12.05 ± 4.77 % of the total number of cells in C6 glioma culture and 37.36 ± 12.33 % of the total number of cells in fetal rat brain culture. CD133-positive cells had a smaller size than negative cells (average values of cross-sectional area of cells and nucleus) and greater nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. The cell and nucleus sizes of CD133-positive cells in cell cultures of fetal rat brain were twice larger than sizes of such cells in cultures of glioma C6.Under the conditions of NCsS for 48 hours the reducing in the number of CD133-positive cells in rat glioma C6 cell cultures (2.88 ± 0.41 %) and lack of such effects in cell cultures of fetal rat brain (E14) were found.Conclusion. The morphological differences of CD133-positive cells in glioma C6 cultures and in cell cultures of fetal rat brain (E14) were detected. The decrease of CD133-positive cells in glioma C6 cells culture under the influence of neurogenic cells supernatant was shown.
Neutral Volatile Components of Burley Tobacco
Authors: Fujimori T. , Kasuga R. , Kaneko H. , Noguchi M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The constituents of the neutral volatiles in air-cured Burley tobacco were studied, and the following 19 substances were newly added to our lists:
1. 6-Methyl-6,9-oxidonon-4-en-2-ol
2. 5-Isopropylnon-3-en-2,8-dioI
3. 5-Isopropylnonan-2,8-diol
4. 3,3,5-Trimethyl-8-isopropyl-4,9-dioxabicyclo-[3.3.1]nonan-2-oI
5. 2-(1-Methyl-4-isopropyl-7,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]-octan-6-yl)propan-2-ol
6. 3-Oxoactinidol
7. 5-Isopropyl-7-(2-methyltetrahydrofur-2-yl)hept-6-en-2-ol
8. O-Methyl acetophenone
9. 1,5,5-Trimethyl-9-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-3-one
10. 4-(3-Hydroxybutylidene)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one
11. (1-Methyl-4-isopropyl-7,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]-octan-6-yl)methyl ketone
12. 6,10-Dimethyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)spiro[4.5]dec-6-en-8-one (solavetivone)
13. 5-Isopropyl-7-(2-methyltetrahydrofur-2-yl)hept-6-en-2-one
14. 4-Ethyl-4-methylbutan-4-olide
15. Phthalide
16. Hydroxydihydrobovolide
17. 1,2-Dimethoxy benzene
18. o-Anisidine
19. Methylanthranilate
A large number of identified compounds may be viewed as degradation products of carotenoids and thunberganoids. These compounds have a characteristic aroma and are thought to be key flavour components in the essential oils of tobacco. The presence of any labdanoid hydrocarbons or their oxygenated products was not recognized in our Burley tobacco extract. Burley tobacco is thought to be deficient in labdanoid compounds.
Fraterniser avec l'ennemi : modernité et américanité dans les bandes dessinées américaines publiées dans L'Action catholique (1932–1944)
Authors: Rioux Philippe 
Published: November 2016

Durant les années 1930, les journaux québécois subissent une invasion des comic strips américains qui entraine pratiquement la disparition, à court terme, de la production bédéesque locale. Bien qu'il prône une idéologie traditionaliste tournée vers la défense de la patrie, de la langue française et du catholicisme, le journal L'Action catholique n'échappe pas à ce phénomène. Dans ce cas précis, la situation paraît paradoxale si l'on considère que les comics publiés – et à plus forte raison les comics d'aventure – véhiculent une certaine modernité a priori opposée à la doctrine prônée par le quotidien. Ainsi, cet article montre d'abord comment la représentation de la violence, du crime et de la justice proposée par ces objets bédéesques entre en conflit avec les valeurs conservatrices habituellement affichées par le journal. Il stipule ensuite que ces paradoxes témoignent en fait des compromis parfois difficiles, mais inévitables, que doit faire le journal pour s'adapter aux goûts d'un lectorat de plus en plus fasciné par la culture américaine.
Micelle Formation of Morpholinium Bromide Surfactants in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Qian Zhaohong , Huang Dandan , Yi Sijing , Li Qintang , Wang Jiao , Chen Xiao 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The micelle formation of N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium bromide (CnMMB, n = 12, 14, 16) surfactants in aqueous solution has been investigated. Their critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness and efficiency of the surface tension reduction, and the maximum surface excess concentration were derived from the surface tension curves. Thermodynamic parameters were then evaluated in the temperature range of 25 °C ∼ 45 °C. The results showed that with increasing the alkyl chain length, the CMC values were decreased gradually, which is consistent with the enhancement of hydrophobic effect. Due to the existence of an oxygen atom in the headgroup, an unusual surface activity of CnMMB surfactants was obtained. The obtained results should help to better understand the effect of the hydrophilic headgroup on the micelle behavior of cationic surfactants containing saturated nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
Polyoxymethylene/Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Composites: Processing, Crystallization, Morphology and Thermo-Mechanical Behavior
Authors: Czarnecka-Komorowska D. , Sterzynski T. , Dutkiewicz M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Polyoxymethylene composites with octakis (dimethylsiloxy, ethyl epoxycyclohexy)octasilsesquioxanes and octakis(dimethylsiloxy, vinyl)octasilsesquioxanes contents (0.5 and 1 wt.%) were studied. The effect of silsesquioxanes (POSS) on crystallization and melting behaviour of polyoxymethylene (POM) was investigated by polarized light microscope (PLM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with the aim to determine the structural properties like crystallization temperature, degree of crystallinity and lamellar thickness distributions. It was found that POSS as nucleating agent affects the crystallization process of POM, leading to a homogeneous structure, improving the thermo-mechanical properties of polyoxymethylene composites. Based on SEM observations it was found that the POSS particles in a concentration of 0.5 wt.% are uniformly dispersed in polyoxymethylene matrix. The storage modulus and relaxations temperatures of POM with POM/0.5 wt.% ehPOSS and vinPOSS are slightly increased.
Lumbar decompression in the elderly: increased age as a risk factor for complications and nonhome discharge
Authors: Murphy Meghan E. , Gilder Hannah , Maloney Patrick R. , McCutcheon Brandon A. , Rinaldo Lorenzo , Shepherd Daniel , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Ubl Daniel S. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Krauss William E. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Bydon Mohamad 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE
With improving medical therapies for chronic conditions, elderly patients increasingly present as candidates for operative intervention for degenerative diseases of the spine. To date, there is a paucity of studies examining complications in lumbar decompression, without fusion, that include patients older than 80 years. Using a multicenter national database, the authors of this study evaluated lumbar decompression in the elderly, including octogenarians, to evaluate for associations between age and patient outcomes.

METHODS
The 2011–2013 American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data set was queried for patients 65 years and older with diagnosis and procedure codes inclusive of degenerative spine disease and lumbar decompression without fusion. Morbidity and mortality within the 30-day postoperative period were the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes of interest included unplanned readmission within 30 days or discharge to a nonhome facility. Outcomes and operative characteristics were compared using chi-square tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and multivariable logistic regression models.

RESULTS
A total of 8744 patients were identified; of these patients 4573 (52.30%) were 65 years and older. Elderly patients were stratified into 3 age categories: 85 years or older (n = 314), 75–84 years (n = 1663), and 65–74 years (n = 2596). Univariate analysis showed that, compared with age younger than 65 years, increased age was associated with the number of levels (≥ 3), readmissions within 30 days, nonhome discharge, any complication, length of stay, and blood transfusion (all p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis and with younger than 65 years as the reference, increased age was associated with any minor complication (p < 0.001; ≥ 85 years: OR 3.47, 95% CI 1.69–7.13; 75–84 years: OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.45–3.78; and 65–74 years: OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.94–2.20), as well as discharge location other than home (p < 0.001; ≥ 85 years: OR 13.59, 95% CI 9.47–19.49; 75–84 years: OR 5.64, 95% CI 4.33–7.34; and 65–74 years: OR 2.61, 95% CI 2.05–3.32).

CONCLUSIONS
The authors' high-powered, multicenter analysis of lumbar decompression without fusion in the elderly, specifically including patients older than 80 years, demonstrates that increased age is associated with more extensive operations, resulting in longer hospital stays, increased rates of nonhome discharge, and minor complications.