bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution Behavior of B and P during Al-Si Melt Directional Solidification with Open-Ended Crucible
Authors: Bai Xiaolong , Ban Boyuan , Li Jingwei , Peng Zhijian , Chen Jian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDistribution behavior of B and P during directional solidification of Al-20Si, Al-30Si and Al-40Si alloys has been investigated. Macrostructure of the Al-Si alloy ingots and concentration profile of elements B and P reveal that the elements segregate to eutectic Al-Si melt during growth of primary Si flakes, and P gradually segregates to the top of the ingots during directional solidification. An apparent segregation coefficient, ka, is introduced to describe the segregation behavior of B and P between the primary Si and the Al-Si melt and compared with thermodynamic theoretical equilibrium coefficients. The apparent segregation coefficients of B and P decrease with increase of solidification temperature.
Effect of Sulfur and Chlorine on Fireside Corrosion Behavior of Inconel 740 H Superalloy
Authors: Jin-tao Lu , Yan Li , Zhen Yang , Jin-yang Huang , Ming Zhu , Gu Y 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFireside corrosion behavior of Inconel 740H superalloy was studied at 750 °C in simulated coal ash/flue gas environments by means of XRD, SEM and EDS. The results indicated that the corrosion behavior was strongly related to the SO2 levels and was significantly affected by NaCl additions. In presence of the atmospheres with 0.1 % SO2, the alloy exhibited the highest corrosion resistance due to formation of a stable and dense Cr2O3 film. In presence of the atmosphere with 1.5 % SO2, however, a non-coherent and porous Cr2O3 film was formed. The thickness of film and internal sulfides were substantially increased. The NaCl additions significantly accelerated the corrosion process. A non-protective outer oxide film was formed, composed by multiple layers with serious inner sulfide and spallation. The depths of internal oxidizing and sulfuration zones were significantly increased. The mechanism of ash corrosion formation was also discussed.
Competition between Chemical and Gravity Forces in Binary Alloys
Authors: Wierzba Bartek , Mashimo Tsutomu , Danielewski Marek 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present the first experimental results of the growth of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn under an external force field – during the sedimentation process. The results are compared with the proposed model under the combined influence of the Kirkendall effect, backstress and sedimentation. It is shown that Cu3Sn consumes the preformed Cu6Sn5 phase during sedimentation under a strong gravitational field of 779,000 G at 200 °C.
Mechanistic Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness of Rubber and Polymer Modified Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Souliman M. I. , Mamlouk M. , Eifert A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Load associated fatigue cracking is one of the major distress types occurring in flexible pavements. Flexural bending beam fatigue laboratory test has been used for several decades and is considered an integral part of the Superpave advanced characterization procedure. One of the most significant solutions to prolong the fatigue life for an asphaltic mixture is to add flexible materials such as rubber or polymers to the asphalt mixture. A laboratory testing program was performed on three gap-graded mixtures: unmodified, asphalt rubber (AR), and polymer-modified. Strain controlled fatigue tests were conducted according to the AASHTO T321-14 procedure. The results from the beam fatigue tests indicated that the AR and polymer-modified gap graded mixtures would have much longer fatigue lives compared to the reference (unmodified) mixture. In addition, a mechanistic analysis using 3D-Move software coupled with a cost-effectiveness analysis study based on the fatigue performance on the three mixtures were performed. Overall, the analysis showed that the AR and polymer-modified asphalt mixtures exhibited significantly higher cost-effectiveness compared to unmodified HMA mixture. Although AR and polymer-modification increases the cost of the material, the analysis showed that they are more cost effective than the unmodified mixture.
Crack Detection in Pillars Using Infrared Thermographic Imaging
Authors: Seo H. , Choi H. , Park J. , Park J. , Lee I.-M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we describe a series of crack-detection tests on scale models of cavern supported by pillars performed in the laboratory to find out where and when crack initiation occurs. Crack initiation was detected by two different methods, thermographic camera imaging and strain–gauge measurements, and comparisons were drawn. For the crack-detection test, three physical models of pillars were made out of gypsum with different pillar widths (25 mm, 50 mm, and 100 mm). When cracks begin to develop in the pillar models, a thermographic camera can detect temperature changes around the cracks that are induced by friction at the contact areas. Whereas the strain–gauge measurement indicates only local strains, the thermographic imaging can cover overall strain variations. The authors did not correlate the increase in temperature variations with strain. With the 50-mm and 100-mm pillar widths in the laboratory test, the crack-induced failure naturally occurred in three steps: (1) first crack initiation, (2) crack propagation, and (3) failure. But for the 25-mm pillar width, the crack-induced failure occurred immediately after the first crack initiation; propagation was not observed.
Vesicular stomatitis virus N protein‐specific single‐domain antibody fragments inhibit replication
Authors: Hanke Leo , Schmidt Florian I , Knockenhauer Kevin E , Morin Benjamin , Whelan Sean PJ , Schwartz Thomas U , Ploegh Hidde L 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe transcription and replication machinery of negative‐stranded RNA viruses presents a possible target for interference in the viral life cycle. We demonstrate the validity of this concept through the use of cytosolically expressed single‐domain antibody fragments (VHHs) that protect cells from a lytic infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) by targeting the viral nucleoprotein N. We define the binding sites for two such VHHs, 1004 and 1307, by X‐ray crystallography to better understand their inhibitory properties. We found that VHH 1307 competes with the polymerase cofactor P for binding and thus inhibits replication and mRNA transcription, while binding of VHH 1004 likely only affects genome replication. The functional relevance of these epitopes is confirmed by the isolation of escape mutants able to replicate in the presence of the inhibitory VHHs. The escape mutations allow identification of the binding site of a third VHH that presumably competes with P for binding at another site than 1307. Collectively, these binding sites uncover different features on the N protein surface that may be suitable for antiviral intervention.
A clinical and mechanistic study of topical borneol‐induced analgesia
Authors: Wang Shu , Zhang Dan , Hu Jinsheng , Jia Qi , Xu Wei , Su Deyuan , Song Hualing , Xu Zhichun , Cui Jianmin , Zhou Ming , Yang Jian , Xiao Jianru 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBingpian is a time‐honored herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is an almost pure chemical with a chemical composition of (+)‐borneol and has been historically used as a topical analgesic for millennia. However, the clinical efficacy of topical borneol lacks stringent evidence‐based clinical studies and verifiable scientific mechanism. We examined the analgesic efficacy of topical borneol in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical study involving 122 patients with postoperative pain. Topical application of borneol led to significantly greater pain relief than placebo did. Using mouse models of pain, we identified the TRPM8 channel as a molecular target of borneol and showed that topical borneol‐induced analgesia was almost exclusively mediated by TRPM8, and involved a downstream glutamatergic mechanism in the spinal cord. Investigation of the actions of topical borneol and menthol revealed mechanistic differences between borneol‐ and menthol‐induced analgesia and indicated that borneol exhibits advantages over menthol as a topical analgesic. Our work demonstrates that borneol, which is currently approved by the US FDA to be used only as a flavoring substance or adjuvant in food, is an effective topical pain reliever in humans and reveals a key part of the molecular mechanism underlying its analgesic effect.
Gene therapy for ADA‐SCID, the first marketing approval of an ex vivo gene therapy in Europe: paving the road for the next generation of advanced therapy medicinal products
Authors: Aiuti Alessandro , Roncarolo Maria Grazia , Naldini Luigi 
Published: April 2017

Gene and cell therapy research recently reached a fundamental milestone toward the goal to deliver new medicines for orphan diseases. In 2016, the European Commission granted market approval to GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) for ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy for the treatment of adenosine deaminase (ADA)‐deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a very rare congenital disorder of the immune system. The new medicine, named Strimvelis™, is an advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) (Salmikangas et al, ) originally developed by the San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐Tiget), a joint venture between Telethon Foundation and San Raffaele Scientific Institute. This ATMP is the first ex vivo stem cell gene therapy to receive regulatory approval anywhere in the world. Strimvelis™ consists of a single infusion of autologous gene‐corrected HSC and is prepared from the patient's own bone marrow (BM) HSCs, which are genetically modified using a gamma‐retroviral vector to insert a functional copy of the ADA gene.
Genetic Characterization of Dog Personality Traits
Authors: Ilska Joanna , Haskell Marie J , Blott Sarah C , Sánchez-Molano Enrique , Polgar Zita , Lofgren Sarah E , Clements Dylan N , Wiener Pamela 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe genetic architecture of behavioral traits in dogs is of great interest to owners, breeders, and professionals involved in animal welfare, as well as to scientists studying the genetics of animal (including human) behavior. The genetic component of dog behavior is supported by between-breed differences and some evidence of within-breed variation. However, it is a challenge to gather sufficiently large datasets to dissect the genetic basis of complex traits such as behavior, which are both time-consuming and logistically difficult to measure, and known to be influenced by nongenetic factors. In this study, we exploited the knowledge that owners have of their dogs to generate a large dataset of personality traits in Labrador Retrievers. While accounting for key environmental factors, we demonstrate that genetic variance can be detected for dog personality traits assessed using questionnaire data. We identified substantial genetic variance for several traits, including fetching tendency and fear of loud noises, while other traits revealed negligibly small heritabilities. Genetic correlations were also estimated between traits; however, due to fairly large SEs, only a handful of trait pairs yielded statistically significant estimates. Genomic analyses indicated that these traits are mainly polygenic, such that individual genomic regions have small effects, and suggested chromosomal associations for six of the traits. The polygenic nature of these traits is consistent with previous behavioral genetics studies in other species, for example in mouse, and confirms that large datasets are required to quantify the genetic variance and to identify the individual genes that influence behavioral traits.
Correlation of Meiotic DSB Formation and Transcription Initiation Around Fission Yeast Recombination Hotspots
Authors: Yamada Shintaro , Okamura Mika , Oda Arisa , Murakami Hiroshi , Ohta Kunihiro , Yamada Takatomi 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Meiotic homologous recombination, a critical event for ensuring faithful chromosome segregation and creating genetic diversity, is initiated by programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) formed at recombination hotspots. Meiotic DSB formation is likely to be influenced by other DNA-templated processes including transcription, but how DSB formation and transcription interact with each other has not been understood well. In this study, we used fission yeast to investigate a possible interplay of these two events. A group of hotspots in fission yeast are associated with sequences similar to the cyclic AMP response element and activated by the ATF/CREB family transcription factor dimer Atf1-Pcr1. We first focused on one of those hotspots, ade6-3049, and Atf1. Our results showed that multiple transcripts, shorter than the ade6 full-length messenger RNA, emanate from a region surrounding the ade6-3049 hotspot. Interestingly, we found that the previously known recombination-activation region of Atf1 is also a transactivation domain, whose deletion affected DSB formation and short transcript production at ade6-3049. These results point to a possibility that the two events may be related to each other at ade6-3049. In fact, comparison of published maps of meiotic transcripts and hotspots suggested that hotspots are very often located close to meiotically transcribed regions. These observations therefore propose that meiotic DSB formation in fission yeast may be connected to transcription of surrounding regions.
Regulation of Notch Signaling by the Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Hrp48 and Deltex in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Dutta Debdeep , Paul Maimuna Sali , Singh Ankita , Mutsuddi Mousumi , Mukherjee Ashim 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that is found to be involved in a number of cellular events throughout development. The deployment of the Notch signaling pathway in numerous cellular contexts is possible due to its regulation at multiple levels. In an effort to identify the novel components integrated into the molecular circuitry affecting Notch signaling, we carried out a protein–protein interaction screen based on the identification of cellular protein complexes using co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass-spectrometry. We identified Hrp48, a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein in Drosophila, as a novel interacting partner of Deltex (Dx), a cytoplasmic modulator of Notch signaling. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that Dx and Hrp48 colocalize in cytoplasmic vesicles. The dx mutant also showed strong genetic interactions with hrp48 mutant alleles. The coexpression of Dx and Hrp48 resulted in the depletion of cytoplasmic Notch in larval wing imaginal discs and downregulation of Notch targets cut and wingless. Previously, it has been shown that Sex-lethal (Sxl), on binding with Notch mRNA, negatively regulates Notch signaling. The overexpression of Hrp48 was found to inhibit Sxl expression and consequently rescued Notch signaling activity. In the present study, we observed that Dx together with Hrp48 can regulate Notch signaling in an Sxl-independent manner. In addition, Dx and Hrp48 displayed a synergistic effect on caspase-mediated cell death. Our results suggest that Dx and Hrp48 together negatively regulate Notch signaling in Drosophila melanogaster.
HR Practices in Selected RMG Factories in Dhaka
Authors: Akter Silvia , Kamrul Alam Raju Mohammad Kamrul Alam 
Published: April 2017

<p><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Cambria Math','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">RMG sector is the largest foreign exchange earning sector of Bangladesh. This paper examines the HR practices of this sector and to help the policymakers to update the policy agenda in order for better supporting it to achieve the long-term goal. This is a pilot study on human resources practice of selected RMG factories in Dhaka. The HR officials were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. The objective of this paper is to explore the HR practices of RMG sector in Dhaka. The results showed that RMG factories now trying to maintain the best practices to create a good image as they now become the part of global supply. The paper suggested that global labor standards, good HR practice and professional management are required for the smooth operation of this sector.</span></p><div align="center"> </div>
Model for Empowering Farmers at Dry Land through Quadruple Helix Approach
Authors: Soesilowati Etty 
Published: April 2017

<p>There are many potentials in the sector of <em>silvoagriculture, silvopastura </em>and <em>silvoagrofisher</em>y at Kandri and Cepoko district as “green belt” areas of Semarang. Unfortunately, these potentials do not give a significant impact on society yet. This is due to the lack of farmer’s institution system, limited human resource, and infrastructure. The Triple Helix approach involving academician, businessman, and government is found to be less optimal. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of the model used for empowering the farmers at dry land area through the Quadruple Helix approach as the development of Triple Helix one involving academician, businessman, civil society, and government. The locus of the research area is Kandri and Cepoko district at Gunungpati subdistrict in Semarang City of Central Java Province, Indonesia. This research employed qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the qualitative approach, the data are analyzed using an interactive model. While the quantitative approach, Human Development Index (HDI) analysis is employed. The results find that farmers' empowerment program is conducted through the Quadruple Helix approach by involving academicians, businessmen, local governments and civil society groups at the villages. Then, the HDI calculation results show that the index of human development in Kandri has decreased 0.09444. Before the program, it was amounted from 0.82367 to 0.72923. Whereas, the human development index of farmers in Cepoko before the program has increased from 0.83142 to 0.84085. Its increase reaches 0.09425. This indicates that the farmer group at Cepoko district is more resistant to national economic issues such as the weak exchange rate than the farmers in Kandri disctrict. Therefore, this study makes recommendation that farmers should organize integrated farming by establishing integrated economic region so that they can make use of existing resources efficiently and effectively. </p>
Similarities and Differences of the Narrative Structure of Western and Chinese Short Narratives
Authors: Liu Yujun 
Published: April 2017

<p>The author chooses both Chinese and English short narratives as samples to analyze their narrative structures so as to testify one presupposition that Chinese people and western people are different in ways of thinking that can be reflected in the narrative structures of their writing. Twelve Chinese short narratives and ten English short narratives are listed from ancient to modern time in their chronological order. The author divides each sample into narrative units in the light of the theory of structuralist narratology and defines the relations between narrative units with different relation definitions according to the Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST). On this theoretical basis, the author illustrates all the diagrams of 22 samples with marked relation definitions, which are sorted out and rated so as to compare and contrast the logical relations in those Chinese and western narrative frameworks. The conclusion proves that the narrative frameworks of both English and Chinese short narratives are generally similar to each other in structure from ancient times except for a few differences in modern times. English short narratives tend to emphasize originality and individuality, as well as logical reasoning and linear order for westerners tend to be increasingly thinking for clarity and logical consistency since Socrates and Aristotle. Meanwhile, Chinese people tend to be thinking and writing in a spiral and complete circle echoing the traditional yin-and-yang principle and five-element principle until the “May 4th of 1918”, during which Chinese opened their mind to accept westerner’s science and democracy. </p>
Definitions of health and disease among physicians and Społem PSS employees
Authors: Domaradzki Jan , Kordel Piotr 
Published: April 2017

Aim. Definitions of health and disease play an important role in the organization and functioning of a health care system. The meanings attached to both phenomena also shape individual’s health behaviours and may be more important for their understanding that one’s social status. Thus, the aim of the study was to determine how the educational status and kind of work influence the concepts of health and disease. It also aimed to determine what criteria do physicians and Społem PSS employees use while talking about health and disease and whether lay concepts of health differ from their professional counterparts.Material and Methods. The research was carried out between May and August 2013 among one hundred physicians and one hundred Społem PSS employees. Thus, the results refer to people who are professionally active. Respondents were questioned via a structured questionnaire which contained questions on their self-definitions of health and disease and the criteria of their evaluation.Results. The research has revealed important differences in definitions of health and disease between physicians and clerks from Społem PSS. While physicians used a medical criterion to define health more often, Społem PSS employees defined it according to mixed and subjective criteria. As for disease, while respondents from both groups defined it mainly in medical criteria, all Społem PSS employees described it in pathological terms; physicians, however, defined it mainly as an abstract lack of well-being. On the other hand, many respondents understood both phenomena as multidimensional which proves that both terms contain many contradicting meanings and are difficult to articulate. Also among physicians, high tendency to overmedicalization of many phenomena was observed.Conclusions. It has been proven that educational status and kind of work influence the way people understand health and disease. Thus, this research may be useful for health education and in planning health promotion and preventive actions.