bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Paramedics Safely Refuse Transport of Non-Urgent Patients?
Authors: Fraess-Phillips Alex J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this search was to review the current literature regarding paramedic triage of primary care patients and the safety of paramedic-initiated non-transport of non-urgent patients.MethodsA narrative literature review was conducted using the Medline (Medline Industries, Inc.; Mundelein, Illinois USA) database and a manual search of Google Scholar (Google; Mountain View, California USA).ResultsOnly 11 studies were found investigating paramedic triage and safety of non-transport of non-urgent patients. It was found that triage agreement between paramedic and emergency department staff generally is poor and that paramedics are limited in their abilities to predict the ultimate admission location of their patients. However, these triage decisions and admission predictions are much more accurate when the patient’s condition is the result of trauma and when the patient requires critical care services. Furthermore, the literature provides very limited support for the safety of paramedic triage in the refusal of non-urgent patient transport, especially without physician oversight. Though many non-transported patients are satisfied with the quality of non-urgent treatment that they receive from paramedics, the rates of under-triage and subsequent hospitalization reported in the literature are too high to suggest that this practice can be adopted widely.ConclusionThere is insufficient evidence to suggest that non-urgent patients can safely be refused transport based on paramedic triage alone. Further attempts to implement paramedic-initiated non-transport of non-urgent patients should be approached with careful triage protocol development, paramedic training, and pilot studies. Future primary research and systematic reviews also are required to build on the currently limited literature.Fraess-PhillipsAJ.Can paramedics safely refuse transport of non-urgent patients?Prehosp Disaster Med.2016;31(6):667–674.
A 3-year Health Care Coalition Experience in Advancing Hospital Evacuation Preparedness
Authors: Lowe John J. , Hansen Keith F. , Sanger Kristine K. , Obaid Jannah M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis report outlines a 3-year health care coalition effort to advance and test community capacity for a large-scale hospital evacuation. The multi-year effort utilized a variety workshops, seminars, webinars, tabletops, functional exercises, and culminated with a full-scale exercise testing hospital evacuation. While most hospital evacuation exercises focus on internal movement of patients, this exercise process tested command-level decision making and it tested external partners such as transportation agencies, law enforcement, receiving hospitals, and local emergency management. This process delivered key coalition-building activities and offered a variety of training and exercise opportunities to assist a number of organizations, all at different stages of hospital evacuation planning. The 2012 Hospital Preparedness Program outlined the incorporation of health care coalition activities to transform individual organization preparedness to community-level readiness. This report outlines a health care coalition effort to deliver training and exercises to advance community capacity for a large-scale hospital evacuation.LoweJJ,HansenKF,SangerKK,ObaidJM.A 3-year health care coalition experience in advancing hospital evacuation preparedness.Prehosp Disaster Med.2016;31(6):658–662.
Examining Packer Choice of Slaughter Cattle Procurement and Pricing Methods
Authors: Capps Oral , Alan Love H. , Williams Gary W. , Adams Wendi L. 
Published: September 2016

Using daily fed cattle purchase transaction records collected by the Packers and Stockyards Program over the period April 1992 to April 1993, we identify characteristics associated with the choices of fed cattle procurement and pricing methods. The methodology involves the use of a multinomial logit model.Regional concentration; processing capacity; number of head per lot; average weight per head; cattle type; yield grade, quarterly grade, seasonality, and distance from packing plants play a significant role in determining the methods of procurement and pricing chosen by packers. The method chosen by packers to procure fed cattle also affects the choice of a given pricing method.
Redistributing Agricultural Data by a Dasymetric Mapping Methodology
Authors: de Belém Costa Freitas Martins Maria , de Sousa Xavier António Manuel , de Sousa Fragoso Rui Manuel 
Published: September 2016

This paper examines the adaptation of dasymetric mapping methodologies to agricultural data, including their testing and transposition, in order to recover the underlying statistical surface (i.e., an approximation of the real distribution of data). A methodology based on the ideas of Gallego and Peedell (2001) and on the binary method is proposed. It has several steps: (i) the exclusion of target zones for which no observations exist (binary method), (ii) the application of an iterative process to define the most precise densities for data distribution, and (iii) the stratification/definition of sub-units with homogenous characteristics if the results of the previous step are not satisfactory, and the subsequent application of step two.The methodology was applied in the Alentejo region of Portugal, using data from the 1999 Agricultural Census. Several counties are used as source zones. The aim was to generate a distribution of agro-forestry occupations as close as possible to reality. Two lines of analysis were followed: (i) application of the methodology simultaneously to all counties (definition of regional densities), and (ii) application of the methodology separately to the different subareas with similar characteristics (definition of sub-regional densities). For an easy application of the methodology, a computer tool was created, which allowed the easy optimization, validation, and exportation of the data into a Geographic Information System (GIS).The results were validated using several error indicators at the county level, as well as in a sample of parishes. We show that the second variant of the methodology yielded more precise results, and is superior for the types of data available. This method yielded maps in which the distribution of the most relevant agro-forestry occupations is closest to reality.
Komplexe Krisenintervention bei einem 16-jährigen schwangeren Mädchen nach unbegleiteter Flucht aus Eritrea
Authors: Dixius Andrea , Möhler Eva 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung. Unbegleitete minderjährige Flüchtlinge sind auf ihrer Flucht meist komplexen traumatischen Ereignissen ausgesetzt, besonders massiv trifft dies auf minderjährige Mädchen zu. An einem Wochenende wurde in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie ein 16-jähriges Mädchen zur Krisenintervention mit akuter Suizidalität aufgenommen. Das Mädchen war zuvor ohne Begleitung aus Eritrea geflüchtet und lebt in einer Jugendhilfeeinrichtung. Am Vortag war eine Schwangerschaft (23. SSW p. c.) festgestellt worden, die aus mehreren Vergewaltigungen während ihrer Flucht vom Sudan nach Nigeria hervorging. Alle Anzeichen der Schwangerschaft waren von dem Mädchen verleugnet worden. Als diese medizinisch festgestellt wurde, wollte die Patientin sich durch einen Sprung aus dem Fenster das Leben nehmen. Die Mitarbeiter der Jugendhilfeeinrichtung fragten nach einer ‚psychiatrischen Indikation‘ für einen Schwangerschaftsabbruch. Implikationen für eine medizinische Indikation aus psychiatrischen Gründen bei einem Schwangerschaftsstatus der 23. Woche werden sowohl unter ethischen Aspekten als auch unter der Betrachtung der posttraumatischen Symptomatik in dem vorliegenden Case Report diskutiert.
Short-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet interventional weight loss program versus hypocaloric diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Goday A , Bellido D , Sajoux I , Crujeiras A B , Burguera B , García-Luna P P , Oleaga A , Moreno B , Casanueva F F 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Brackground:
The safety and tolerability of very low-calorie-ketogenic (VLCK) diets are a current concern in the treatment of obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Objective:
Evaluating the short-term safety and tolerability of a VLCK diet (<50 g of carbohydrate daily) in an interventional weight loss program including lifestyle and behavioral modification support (Diaprokal Method) in subjects with T2DM.

Methods:
Eighty-nine men and women, aged between 30 and 65 years, with T2DM and body mass index between 30 and 35 kg m−2 participated in this prospective, open-label, multi-centric randomized clinical trial with a duration of 4 months. Forty-five subjects were randomly assigned to the interventional weight loss (VLCK diet), and 44 to the standard low-calorie diet.

Results:
No significant differences in the laboratory safety parameters were found between the two study groups. Changes in the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio in VLCK diet were not significant and were comparable to control group. Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen did not change significantly relative to baseline nor between groups. Weight loss and reduction in waist circumference in the VLCK diet group were significantly larger than in control subjects (both P<0.001). The decline in HbA1c and glycemic control was larger in the VLCK diet group (P<0.05). No serious adverse events were reported and mild AE in the VLCK diet group declined at last follow-up.

Conclusions:
The interventional weight loss program based on a VLCK diet is most effective in reducing body weight and improvement of glycemic control than a standard hypocaloric diet with safety and good tolerance for T2DM patients.
Förster resonance energy transfer and protein-induced fluorescence enhancement as synergetic multi-scale molecular rulers
Authors: Ploetz Evelyn , Lerner Eitan , Husada Florence , Roelfs Martin , Chung SangYoon , Hohlbein Johannes , Weiss Shimon , Cordes Thorben 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAdvanced microscopy methods allow obtaining information on (dynamic) conformational changes in biomolecules via measuring a single molecular distance in the structure. It is, however, extremely challenging to capture the full depth of a three-dimensional biochemical state, binding-related structural changes or conformational cross-talk in multi-protein complexes using one-dimensional assays. In this paper we address this fundamental problem by extending the standard molecular ruler based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) into a two-dimensional assay via its combination with protein-induced fluorescence enhancement (PIFE). We show that donor brightness (via PIFE) and energy transfer efficiency (via FRET) can simultaneously report on e.g., the conformational state of double stranded DNA (dsDNA) following its interaction with unlabelled proteins (BamHI, EcoRV, and T7 DNA polymerase gp5/trx). The PIFE-FRET assay uses established labelling protocols and single molecule fluorescence detection schemes (alternating-laser excitation, ALEX). Besides quantitative studies of PIFE and FRET ruler characteristics, we outline possible applications of ALEX-based PIFE-FRET for single-molecule studies with diffusing and immobilized molecules. Finally, we study transcription initiation and scrunching of E. coli RNA-polymerase with PIFE-FRET and provide direct evidence for the physical presence and vicinity of the polymerase that causes structural changes and scrunching of the transcriptional DNA bubble.
X-ray-generated heralded macroscopical quantum entanglement of two nuclear ensembles
Authors: Liao Wen-Te , Keitel Christoph H. , Pálffy Adriana 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHeralded entanglement between macroscopical samples is an important resource for present quantum technology protocols, allowing quantum communication over large distances. In such protocols, optical photons are typically used as information and entanglement carriers between macroscopic quantum memories placed in remote locations. Here we investigate theoretically a new implementation which employs more robust x-ray quanta to generate heralded entanglement between two crystal-hosted macroscopical nuclear ensembles. Mössbauer nuclei in the two crystals interact collectively with an x-ray spontaneous parametric down conversion photon that generates heralded macroscopical entanglement with coherence times of approximately 100 ns at room temperature. The quantum phase between the entangled crystals can be conveniently manipulated by magnetic field rotations at the samples. The inherent long nuclear coherence times allow also for mechanical manipulations of the samples, for instance to check the stability of entanglement in the x-ray setup. Our results pave the way for first quantum communication protocols that use x-ray qubits.
Global analysis of transcription in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells uncovers active enhancers and direct androgen receptor targets
Authors: Toropainen Sari , Niskanen Einari A. , Malinen Marjo , Sutinen Päivi , Kaikkonen Minna U. , Palvimo Jorma J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAndrogen receptor (AR) is a male sex steroid-activated transcription factor (TF) that plays a critical role in prostate cancers, including castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC) that typically express amplified levels of the AR. CRPC-derived VCaP cells display an excessive number of chromatin AR-binding sites (ARBs) most of which localize to distal inter- or intragenic regions. Here, we analyzed direct transcription programs of the AR in VCaP cells using global nuclear run-on sequencing (GRO-seq) and integrated the GRO-seq data with the ARB and VCaP cell-specific TF-binding data. Androgen immediately activated transcription of hundreds of protein-coding genes, including IGF-1 receptor and EGF receptor. Androgen also simultaneously repressed transcription of a large number of genes, including MYC. As functional enhancers have been postulated to produce enhancer-templated non-coding RNAs (eRNAs), we also analyzed the eRNAs, which revealed that only a fraction of the ARBs reside at functional enhancers. Activation of these enhancers was most pronounced at the sites that also bound PIAS1, ERG and HDAC3, whereas binding of HDAC3 and PIAS1 decreased at androgen-repressed enhancers. In summary, our genome-wide data of androgen-regulated enhancers and primary target genes provide new insights how the AR can directly regulate cellular growth and control signaling pathways in CPRC cells.
Physicochemistry and cardiovascular toxicity of metal fume PM2.5: a study of human coronary artery endothelial cells and welding workers
Authors: Lai Chane-Yu , Lai Ching-Huang , Chuang Hsiao-Chi , Pan Chih-Hong , Yen Cheng-Chieh , Lin Wen-Yi , Chen Jen-Kun , Lin Lian-Yu , Chuang Kai-Jen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOccupational exposure to welding fumes causes a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease; however, the association remains unclear. To clarify the possible association, exposure assessment of metal fumes with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) in welding and office areas was characterized in a shipyard in Taiwan. Cardiovascular toxicity caused by PM2.5 was determined in workers (in both the welding and office areas). Significant amounts of bimodal metal fume particles with count median diameters (CMDs) of 14.1~15.1 and 126.3~135.8 nm were produced in the shipyard. Metal fume PM2.5 resulted in decreased cell viability and increased levels of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), interleukin (IL)-6, and nitric oxide (NO) in human coronary artery epithelial cells (HCAECs). We recruited 118 welding workers and 45 office workers for a personal PM2.5 exposure assessment and determination of urinary levels of 8-OHdG, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), and various metals. We observed that a 10-μg/m3 increase in the mean PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 2.15% increase in 8-OHdG and an 8.43% increase in 8-iso-PGF2α in welding workers. Both 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α were associated with Fe and Zn in the urine. In conclusion, metal fume PM2.5 could increase the risk of cardiovascular toxicity after inhalation.
Circulating tumor DNA detection in lung cancer patients before and after surgery
Authors: Guo Nannan , Lou Feng , Ma Yongfu , Li Jie , Yang Bo , Chen Wei , Ye Hua , Zhang Jing-Bo , Zhao Ming-Yu , Wu Wen-Jun , Shi Rong , Jones Lindsey , Chen Katherine S. , Huang Xue F. , Chen Si-Yi , Liu Yang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in peripheral blood is a “liquid biopsy” that contains representative tumor information including gene mutations. Additionally, repeated ctDNA samples can be easily obtained to monitor response to treatment and disease progression, which may be especially valuable to lung cancer patients with tumors that cannot be easily biopsied or removed. To investigate the changes in ctDNA after surgical tumor resection, tumor and blood samples obtained before and after surgery were collected prospectively from 41 non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Somatic driver mutations in tumor DNA (tDNA) and pre- and post-op plasma ctDNA sample pairs were identified by targeted sequencing in several genes including EGFR, KRAS, and TP53 with an overall study concordance of 78.1% and sensitivity and specificity of 69.2% and 93.3%, respectively. Importantly, the frequency of 91.7% of ctDNA mutations decreased after surgery and these changes were observed as little as 2 days post-op. Moreover, the presence of ctDNA had a higher positive predictive value than that of six tumor biomarkers in current clinical use. This study demonstrates the use of targeted sequencing to reliably identify ctDNA changes in response to treatment, indicating a potential utility of this approach in the clinical management of NSCLC.
A combination hepatoma-targeted therapy based on nanotechnology: pHRE-Egr1-HSV-TK/131I-antiAFPMcAb-GCV/MFH
Authors: Lin Mei , Huang Junxing , Jiang Xingmao , Zhang Jia , Yu Hong , Ye Jun , Zhang Dongsheng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCombination targeted therapy is a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. Here, using PEI-Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles (PEI-MZF-NPs) as magnetic media for MFH (magnetic fluid hyperthermia) and gene transfer vector for gene-therapy, a combined therapy, pHRE-Egr1-HSV-TK/131I-antiAFPMcAb-GCV/MFH, for hepatoma is developed. AntiAFPMcAb (Monoclonal antibody AFP) is exploited for targeting. The plasmids pHRE-Egr1-HSV-TK are achieved by incorporation of pEgr1-HSV-TK and pHRE-Egr1-EGFP. Restriction enzyme digestion and PCR confirm the recombinant plasmids pHRE-Egr1-HSV-TK are successfully constructed. After exposure to the magnetic field, PEI-MZF-NPs/pHRE-Egr1-EGFP fluid is warmed rapidly and then the temperature is maintained at 43 °C or so, which is quite appropriate for cancer treatment. The gene expression reaches the peak when treated with 200 μCi 131I for 24 hours, indicating that the dose of 200 μCi might be the optimal dose for irradiation and 24 h irradiation later is the best time to initiate MFH. The in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that pHRE-Egr1-HSV-TK/131I-antiAFPMcAb-GCV/MFH can greatly suppress hepatic tumor cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis and necrosis and effectively inhibit the tumor growth, much better than any monotherapy does alone. Furthermore, the combination therapy has few or no adverse effects. It might be applicable as a strategy to treat hepatic cancer.
Circulation of multiple serotypes of highly divergent enterovirus C in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of China
Authors: Zhang Yong , Sun Qiang , Cui Hui , Yan Dongmei , Fan Qin , Song Yang , Zhu Shuangli , Li Xiaolei , Huang Guohong , Ji Tianjiao , Hu Lan , Wang Dongyan , Yang Qian , Xu Wenbo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPoliomyelitis associated with circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) is a serious public health issue in the post-eradication era and the occurrence of recombinant cVDPVs emphasizes the need to elucidate enterovirus C (EV-C) epidemiology. Stool samples were collected from 826 healthy children in Southern Xinjiang in 2011 to investigate EV-C circulation and epidemiology. Thirty-six EV-Cs were isolated and assigned to eight EV-C serotypes by molecular serotyping, suggesting the circulation of diverse EV-Cs in Xinjiang. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Xinjiang EV-C strains had larger variation compared to the prototype and other modern strains. Additionally, the results showed unique characteristics of Xinjiang EV-Cs, such as the cytopathicity of CV-A1 strains to RD cells; the high divergence in CV-A11, CV-A13, CV-A17 and CV-A20 strains; the divergence of Xinjiang CV-A24 from AHC-related CV-A24 variant stains distributed worldwide; and the circulation of two novel EV-C serotypes (EV-C96 and EV-C99). Evaluations of this dense and diverse EV-C ecosystem will help elucidate the processes shaping enteroviral biodiversity. This study will improve our understanding of the evolution of enteroviruses and the recombination potential between polioviruses and other EV-Cs.
Three-dimensional bulk electronic structure of the Kondo lattice CeIn3 revealed by photoemission
Authors: Zhang Yun , Lu Haiyan , Zhu Xiegang , Tan Shiyong , Liu Qin , Chen Qiuyun , Feng Wei , Xie Donghua , Luo Lizhu , Liu Yu , Song Haifeng , Zhang Zhengjun , Lai Xinchun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe show the three-dimensional electronic structure of the Kondo lattice CeIn3using soft x-ray angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy in the paramagnetic state. For the first time, we have directly observed the three-dimensional topology of the Fermi surface of CeIn3by photoemission. The Fermi surface has a complicated hole pocket centred at the Γ-Z line and an elliptical electron pocket centred at the R point of the Brillouin zone. Polarization and photon-energy dependent photoemission results both indicate the nearly localized nature of the 4felectrons in CeIn3, consistent with the theoretical prediction by means of the combination of density functional theory and single-site dynamical mean-field theory. Those results illustrate that thefelectrons of CeIn3, which is the parent material of CeMIn5compounds, are closer to the localized description than the layered CeMIn5compounds.
Characterization of the mechanism of prolonged adaptation to osmotic stress of Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis via genome and transcriptome sequencing analyses
Authors: Yaakop Amira Suriaty , Chan Kok-Gan , Ee Robson , Lim Yan Lue , Lee Siew-Kim , Manan Fazilah Abd , Goh Kian Mau 
Published: September 2016

AbstractJeotgalibacillus malaysiensis, a moderate halophilic bacterium isolated from a pelagic area, can endure higher concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) than other Jeotgalibacillus type strains. In this study, we therefore chose to sequence and assemble the entire J. malaysiensis genome. This is the first report to provide a detailed analysis of the genomic features of J. malaysiensis, and to perform genetic comparisons between this microorganism and other halophiles. J. malaysiensis encodes a native megaplasmid (pJeoMA), which is greater than 600 kilobases in size, that is absent from other sequenced species of Jeotgalibacillus. Subsequently, RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis was utilised to examine adaptations of J. malaysiensis to osmotic stress. Specifically, the eggNOG (evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes) databases were used to elucidate the overall effects of osmotic stress on the organism. Generally, saline stress significantly affected carbohydrate, energy, and amino acid metabolism, as well as fatty acid biosynthesis. Our findings also indicate that J. malaysiensis adopted a combination of approaches, including the uptake or synthesis of osmoprotectants, for surviving salt stress. Among these, proline synthesis appeared to be the preferred method for withstanding prolonged osmotic stress in J. malaysiensis.