bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piety in Pieces
Authors: Rudy Kathryn M. 
Published: September 2016

Medieval manuscripts resisted obsolescence. Made by highly specialised craftspeople (scribes, illuminators, book binders) with labour-intensive processes using exclusive and sometimes exotic materials (parchment made from dozens or hundreds of skins, inks and paints made from prized minerals, animals and plants), books were expensive and built to last. They usually outlived their owners. Rather than discard them when they were superseded, book owners found ways to update, amend and upcycle books or book parts.
These activities accelerated in the fifteenth century. Most manuscripts made before 1390 were bespoke and made for a particular client, but those made after 1390 (especially books of hours) were increasingly made for an open market, in which the producer was not in direct contact with the buyer. Increased efficiency led to more generic products, which owners were motivated to personalise. It also led to more blank parchment in the book, for example, the backs of inserted miniatures and the blanks ends of textual components. Book buyers of the late fourteenth and throughout the fifteenth century still held onto the old connotations of manuscripts—that they were custom-made luxury items—even when the production had become impersonal.
Owners consequently purchased books made for an open market and then personalised them, filling in the blank spaces, and even adding more components later. This would give them an affordable product, but one that still smacked of luxury and met their individual needs. They kept older books in circulation by amending them, attached items to generic books to make them more relevant and valuable, and added new prayers with escalating indulgences as the culture of salvation shifted.
Rudy considers ways in which book owners adjusted the contents of their books from the simplest (add a marginal note, sew in a curtain) to the most complex (take the book apart, embellish the components with painted decoration, add more quires of parchment). By making sometimes extreme adjustments, book owners kept their books fashionable and emotionally relevant. This study explores the intersection of codicology and human desire.
Rudy shows how increased modularisation of book making led to more standardisation but also to more opportunities for personalisation. She asks: What properties did parchment manuscripts have that printed books lacked? What are the interrelationships among technology, efficiency, skill loss and standardisation?
The Regional Water Cycle and Heavy Spring Rainfall in Iowa: Observational and Modeling Analyses from the IFloodS Campaign
Authors: Ryu Young-Hee , Smith James A. , Baeck Mary Lynn , Cunha Luciana K. , Bou-Zeid Elie , Krajewski Witold 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The regional water cycle is examined with a special focus on water vapor transport in Iowa during the Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) campaign period, April–June 2013. The period had exceptionally large rainfall accumulations, and rainfall was distributed over an unusually large number of storm days. Radar-derived rainfall fields covering the 200 000 km2 study region; precipitable water from a network of global positioning system (GPS) measurements; and vertically integrated water vapor flux derived from GPS precipitable water, radar velocity–azimuth display (VAD) wind profiles, and radiosonde humidity profiles are utilized. They show that heavy rainfall is relatively weakly correlated with precipitable water and precipitable water change, with somewhat stronger direct relationships to water vapor flux. Thermodynamic properties tied to the vertical distribution of water vapor play an important role in determining heavy rainfall distribution, especially for periods of strong southerly water vapor flux. The diurnal variation of the water cycle during the IFloodS field campaign is pronounced, especially for rainfall and water vapor flux. To examine the potential effects of relative humidity in the lower atmosphere on heavy rainfall, numerical simulations are performed. It is found that low-level moisture can greatly affect heavy rainfall amount under favorable large-scale environmental conditions.
Ice Crystal Sizes in High Ice Water Content Clouds. Part I: On the Computation of Median Mass Diameter from In Situ Measurements
Authors: Leroy D. , Fontaine E. , Schwarzenboeck A. , Strapp J. W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEngine and air data probe manufacturers, as well as aviation agencies, are interested in better characterization of high ice water content (HIWC) areas close to thunderstorms, since HIWC conditions are suspected to cause in-service engine power loss and air data events on commercial aircraft. In this context, a collaborative field campaign has been conducted by high-altitude ice crystals (HAIC) and HIWC projects in order to provide ice water content and median mass diameter (MMD) of ice crystals in the HIWC environment.The computation of MMD from in situ measurements relies mainly on the definition of the crystal dimension D and on the relationship, which is used to convert number into mass distributions. The first part of this study shows that MMD can significantly deviate when using different mass–size relationships from the literature. Sensitivity tests demonstrate that MMD is significantly impacted by the choice of β. However, the larger contributor to MMD differences seems to be the choice of the size definition D itself.Since MMDs are quite sensitive to β, this study suggests a generic method for deducing β solely from optical array probes (OAPs) image data for various size definitions. The method is based on simulations of 3D crystal objects projected onto a 2D plane, thereby relating crystal mass to 2D area (projection) and perimeter. The MMD values calculated for different size definitions are quite similar, at least much closer than MMDs derived from different m(D) relationships in the literature.
Impact of Sea-State-Dependent Langmuir Turbulence on the Ocean Response to a Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Reichl Brandon G. , Ginis Isaac , Hara Tetsu , Thomas Biju , Kukulka Tobias , Wang Dong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTropical cyclones are fueled by the air–sea heat flux, which is reduced when the ocean surface cools due to mixed layer deepening and upwelling. Wave-driven Langmuir turbulence can significantly modify these processes. This study investigates the impact of sea-state-dependent Langmuir turbulence on the three-dimensional ocean response to a tropical cyclone in coupled wave–ocean simulations. The Stokes drift is computed from the simulated wave spectrum using the WAVEWATCH III wave model and passed to the three-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model. The Langmuir turbulence impact is included in the vertical mixing of the ocean model by adding the Stokes drift to the shear of the vertical mean current and by including Langmuir turbulence enhancements to the K-profile parameterization (KPP) scheme. Results are assessed by comparing simulations with explicit (sea-state dependent) and implicit (independent of sea state) Langmuir turbulence parameterizations, as well as with turbulence driven by shear alone. The results demonstrate that the sea-state-dependent Langmuir turbulence parameterization significantly modifies the three-dimensional ocean response to a tropical cyclone. This is due to the reduction of upwelling and horizontal advection where the near-surface currents are reduced by Langmuir turbulence. The implicit scheme not only misses the impact of sea-state dependence on the surface cooling, but it also misrepresents the impact of the Langmuir turbulence on the Eulerian advection. This suggests that explicitly resolving the sea-state-dependent Langmuir turbulence will lead to increased accuracy in predicting the ocean response in coupled tropical cyclone–ocean models.
Has the Experience of Hepatitis C Diagnosis Improved Over the Last Decade? An Analysis of Canadian Women’s Experiences
Authors: Mitchell Sandi , Bungay Vicky , Day Carolyn A. , Mooney-Somers Julie 
Published: September 2016

Background In Canada, incidents of new hepatitis C virus infections are rising among women aged 15–29 years and now comprise 60% of new infections among this age group. A negative diagnosis experience continues to be a problem affecting women living with hepatitis C virus. With new effective treatments, nurses will have more involvement in hepatitis C virus care and diagnosis, which is a critical time to facilitate appropriate education and management. Purpose This study explored Canadian women’s experience of hepatitis C virus diagnosis in order to develop recommendations to improve care at the point of diagnosis. Methods Purposive sampling was used to recruit and interview 25 women. Using narrative inquiry, we examined Canadian women’s experience of hepatitis C virus diagnosis. Results Women’s diagnosis experiences were shaped by the context of diagnosis, factors prompting the testing, the testing provider, and information/education received. The context of diagnosis foreshadowed how prepared women were for their results, and the absence of accurate information magnified the psychological distress that can follow an hepatitis C virus diagnosis. Conclusion Our findings provide a compelling case for a proactive nursing response, which will improve women’s experiences of hepatitis C virus diagnosis and, in turn, enhance women’s access to hepatitis C virus care and other healthcare services.
Protein secondary structure prediction using a small training set (compact model) combined with a Complex-valued neural network approach
Authors: Rashid Shamima , Saraswathi Saras , Kloczkowski Andrzej , Sundaram Suresh , Kolinski Andrzej 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background
Protein secondary structure prediction (SSP) has been an area of intense research interest. Despite advances in recent methods conducted on large datasets, the estimated upper limit accuracy is yet to be reached. Since the predictions of SSP methods are applied as input to higher-level structure prediction pipelines, even small errors may have large perturbations in final models. Previous works relied on cross validation as an estimate of classifier accuracy. However, training on large numbers of protein chains compromises the classifier ability to generalize to new sequences. This prompts a novel approach to training and an investigation into the possible structural factors that lead to poor predictions.
Here, a small group of 55 proteins termed the compact model is selected from the CB513 dataset using a heuristics-based approach. In a prior work, all sequences were represented as probability matrices of residues adopting each of Helix, Sheet and Coil states, based on energy calculations using the C-Alpha, C-Beta, Side-chain (CABS) algorithm. The functional relationship between the conformational energies computed with CABS force-field and residue states is approximated using a classifier termed the Fully Complex-valued Relaxation Network (FCRN). The FCRN is trained with the compact model proteins.

Results
The performance of the compact model is compared with traditional cross-validated accuracies and blind-tested on a dataset of G Switch proteins, obtaining accuracies of ∼81 %. The model demonstrates better results when compared to several techniques in the literature. A comparative case study of the worst performing chain identifies hydrogen bond contacts that lead to Coil ⇔ Sheet misclassifications. Overall, mispredicted Coil residues have a higher propensity to participate in backbone hydrogen bonding than correctly predicted Coils.

Conclusions
The implications of these findings are: (i) the choice of training proteins is important in preserving the generalization of a classifier to predict new sequences accurately and (ii) SSP techniques sensitive in distinguishing between backbone hydrogen bonding and side-chain or water-mediated hydrogen bonding might be needed in the reduction of Coil ⇔ Sheet misclassifications.
Capturing causative agents in clinical coding
Authors: Roberts Luke , Timmis Jessica , Nagrecha Rajvi , Martinez-Alier Nuria 
Published: September 2016

Background: At least 14.6% of paediatric hospital episodes in England were due to infections in 2014/15. The clinical coding of infection aetiology is required for healthcare planning, epidemiology and financial reimbursement. The degree to which causative agents are recorded in infection coding datasets is unknown, and its importance for remuneration and other secondary uses has not been studied. Methods: An audit of bronchiolitis admissions to a London children's hospital was performed between 1 August 2014 and 31 July 2015. The agreement between the discharge documentation, coding reports and results of a Respiratory Virus Molecular Panel was assessed by clinicians and a coding professional. The impact of errors on data quality and finances was reviewed. Results: Of the 74 admissions, 52 (70.3%) did not have identified causative agents accurately represented in the coding, with inadequate clinical documentation being the leading cause (53.8%). In total, 29 hospital admissions were assigned to an incorrect Healthcare Resource Group, highlighting a potential for a further financial gain of £25 388, or a 38.5% increase, on gross reimbursement. Conclusions: Causative agents were not reliably reflected in the coding dataset, with negative effects on secondary uses. This model could be applied to other infections to improve the veracity of infection coding.
A comparison of waste compositions at health and social care facilities
Authors: Manzi Sean , Nichols Andy , Richardson Janet 
Published: September 2016

Sustainability is an issue for both healthcare and social care organisations. Understanding the similarities and differences between healthcare and social care waste compositions, especially the amounts of potentially recyclable waste, can help target waste reduction strategies more effectively. A waste audit was undertaken at four health and social care sites in the South West of England. A comparison was made between the waste compositions of healthcare clinical and domestic waste streams and those of social care sites. Over a three-month period, 115 bags of waste (69 clinical and 46 domestic waste bags) were weighed and the contents catalogued. A greater number of items and unique item types were found on average at the healthcare site in comparison to the social care sites. The domestic waste streams at all four sites contained high proportions of potentially recyclable wastes. The clinical waste stream of the healthcare site also contained the highest proportion of potentially recyclable waste (66%). The differences in the amounts of potentially recyclable waste between the four study sites demonstrate the importance of understanding the composition of the different waste streams to inform the design of effective and impactful interventions.
Beyond Tokenism: People With Complex Needs in Leadership Roles: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Beckwith Ruthie-Marie , Friedman Mark G. , Conroy James W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article summarizes the results of a literature review conducted as part of the National Beyond Tokenism Research Study. People with intellectual and developmental disabilities have begun to be included on boards and policymaking organizations, but the roles given to them have often been tokens—symbolic gestures that result in presence without genuine inclusion. To better understand the advances that have been made and the barriers that people with developmental disabilities still encounter, a comprehensive review of the literature on how people with complex and high support needs are engaged in leadership development, public policy advocacy, and community activities was conducted. The analysis identified key gaps in information about the degree of influence in leadership and organizational decision making exercised by people with complex needs. These results reflected the need for additional research to better understand how far people with developmental disabilities have moved “beyond tokenism” and into authentic leadership roles, which informed other activities conducted as part of the National Beyond Tokenism Research Study.
Tokenism From the Eye of the Beholder
Authors: Bottoms Gail , Weintraub Liz , Taylor David 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this article, self-advocates express their perspectives on social inclusion (and exclusion) in a variety of ways. Poetry and essays penned by self-advocates provide insight into internal thoughts and feelings that may rarely be expressed outside of their personal circles. The poetry and essays focus on leadership, both supported and thwarted. As such, they provide critical information on what works and what doesn't, and how best to assure that both the individual and the organization benefit from the opportunity of self-advocates to serve.
Inclusion Is Transformative: Self-Advocacy Leaders' Perspectives on Board Inclusion and Tokenism
Authors: Friedman Mark G. , Beckwith Ruthie-Marie , Conroy James W. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
People with intellectual and developmental disabilities have begun to experience increased participation and inclusion in boards and policy-making bodies. They have, however, faced challenges in gaining full acceptance similar to those experienced by other marginalized groups. To date, the experience of board participation by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities has typically been examined through the narrow lens of leadership development. The purpose of this study, which is part of the National Beyond Tokenism Research Study, was to seek the viewpoints of experienced leaders within the self-advocacy movement regarding the prevalence of tokenism and practices they have found effective for inclusive leadership. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Combating stigmatisation of mental health issues
Authors: Tennant Jon 
Published: September 2016

This Collection was designed for National Suicide Prevention Week 2016 (NSPW), organised by the American Association of Suicidology.
We wanted to create a resource of Open Access articles about suicide prevention and stigmatisation associated with mental illnesses in order to raise awareness and education of these important issues. This collection contains general research articles about suicide prevention, and others focus on aspects of stigmatisation.
Some facts about suicide (source):

Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States with one suicide occurring on average every 12.3 minutes.

Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death among 15 to 24-year-olds.

The elderly make up 14.5% of the population, but comprise 18% of all suicides.

Approximately 1,069,325 American attempt suicide each year.

It is estimated that five million living Americans have attempted to kill themselves.

Every year in the United States, more than 21,300 men and women kill themselves with a gun; two thirds more than the number who use a gun to kill another person.

An estimated 4.8 million Americans are survivors of suicide of a friend, family member, or loved one.

Untreated depression is the leading cause for suicide. Mental health issues are still treated differently than other health concerns and people struggling are still stigmatised, which keeps many people from seeking treatment.
We ask that this collection be shared as widely as possible, as well as the individual articles it contains. Every article is completely open to anyone to comment on, and we strongly encourage sharing of feedback, experiences, and thoughts.
NSPW is about opening the conversation about mental health and inviting people in. Suicide prevention is everyone’s business.
Avaliação e Gerenciamento de Manuscritos
Authors: Oliveira Gislene Farias de 
Published: September 2016

Um dos objetivos da Id on Line Revista Multidisciplinar e de Psicologia é contribuir para melhorar de forma sustentável, tanto a visibilidade, o uso e o impacto deste periódico e das pesquisas que apresentamos aos leitores. O principal critério é a seleção de artigos de qualidade que comuniquem pesquisas originais, devidamente avaliadas por pares. Para isso, informamos publicamente aos autores e interessados sobre a nossa política editorial, e sobre a nossa composição e gestão editorial, além dos procedimentos de avaliação do material enviado pelos autores.
Docking studies of 3,5-disubstituted thiazolidinedione chalcones as PPAR-&gamma; agonist
Authors: Fathima Fajeelath , Haridas Abitha , Lakshmanan Baskar 
Published: September 2016

PPARs play crucial role in the regulation of cellular differentiation, development and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in human, of which PPAR- ? has pivotal role in glucose homeostasis. In modern drug designing, molecular docking is routinely used for understanding drug receptor interaction. In the present study molecular docking were performed on a diverse set of 3,5-disubstituted thiazolidinedione chalcone derivatives that demonstrate antidiabetic activity by stimulating PPAR- ?. Among the designed analogues,Â e3,Â a3, b3Â andÂ c3Â showed significant binding free energy of -12.29, -12.04, -11.53 and -11.45 kcal/mol with predicted inhibitory constant values of 987.38 pM, 1.5, 3.53 and 4.04 nM respectively and all the selected compounds were compared with standard drug Rosiglitazone.
Accuracy of Interpretation Methods for Deriving p–y Curves From Model Pile Tests in Layered Soils
Authors: Yuan B. , Chen R. , Deng G. , Peng T. , Luo Q. , Yang X. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Because of its simplicity and reasonable accuracy, the p–y-curve method is widely used for analyzing laterally loaded piles. The effectiveness of existing approaches for deriving p–y curves is case dependent; thus, a systematic assessment of these interpretation methods is necessary. This study compared p–y curves derived using four data interpretation methods. Instead of experiments, the numerical simulation program LPILE was used to produce hypothetical moment data for positions along a short pile in layered soil. The deduced p–y curves were compared with the “true” p–y curves used for numerical simulations to evaluate the accuracy of the interpretation methods. The comparison demonstrated that the cubic spline method and difference method were the best among the four considered methods for deriving p–y curves. However, the difference method generated a large resistance at the soil surface. Because of this error, the cubic spline method is the preferred method for deriving the response of a laterally loaded pile in layered soil. The results of this study will be useful for obtaining more accurate p–y curves from experimental data and for more effective planning of future experiments.