bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Siver Nanoparticles Toxicity in Brine Shrimp and its Histopathological Analysis
Authors: Kachenton Supicha , Whangpurikul Varanut , Kangwanrangsan Niwat , Tansatit Tawewan , Jiraungkoorskul Wannee 
Published: December 2017

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are interesting nanotechnology materials with borderless applications in medical science, environmental science, material science and are also used in various kinds of industrial household products. Increasing usage of Ag NPs every year leads to increased risk of nanomaterial contamination in the environment, especially natural water sources with harmful effects in aquatic animals, and to ecosystem disruption. In the present study, Ag NPs toxicity was determined using brine shrimp Artemia salina as a model. A total of 10 adult brine shrimps were incubated in solutions containing various Ag NPs concentrations for 24[Formula: see text]h at room temperature. Percentages of brine shrimp dead were recorded and calculated to determine the lethal concentration. We found the LC[Formula: see text] of Ag NPs is 3521.13[Formula: see text]mg/L. Histopathology study was done using survival brine shrimps after 24[Formula: see text]h of incubation with 25% LC[Formula: see text] Ag NPs concentration. Tissue processing and H&E staining to remark pathological areas with emphasis on intestinal tract, were also done. Ag NPs obstruction was found in intestinal lumen. The intestinal epithelial cells showed hyperplasia and blebbing, increased mucous thickening, detachment from basement muscle lining, and necrosis area. These findings indicated the effect of Ag NPs and their negative impact on aquatic animals which might lead to further disruption of ecosystem.
Cuestionando el Tratamiento Tributario del Goodwill
Authors: Gonzalez Rene 
Published: December 2017

El actual tratamiento tributario del Goodwill y el Badwill produce desigualdad tributaria. En el caso del Goodwill, esta se explica por la imposibilidad de que el contribuyente reconozca pérdidas efectivas surgidas en un proceso de fusión, sino hasta que la organización que las registra se disuelva o lleve a cabo el término de su giro empresarial. En el caso del Badwill, esta surge de la tributación de utilidades que eventualmente ya tributaron en sus orígenes. Estas situaciones podrían incentivar al contribuyente a buscar alternativas para evitar una potencial doble tributación interna o a reconocer, justificadamente y en el corto plazo, las pérdidas generadas en un determinado proceso de fusión de sociedades. Una alternativa para contrarrestar estos efectos es, por medio de una modificación legal, reconocer el genuino derecho a utilizar las pérdidas y buscar una metodología que permita distinguir utilidades que ya tributaron en sus organizaciones de origen.
VEGFR2–Mediated Reprogramming of Mitochondrial Metabolism Regulates the Sensitivity of Acute Myeloid Leukemia to Chemotherapy
Authors: Nóbrega-Pereira Sandrina , Caiado Francisco , Carvalho Tânia , Matias Inês , Graça Gonçalo , Gonçalves Luís G. , Silva-Santos Bruno , Norell Haakan , Dias Sérgio 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is central to tumorigenesis, but whether chemotherapy induces metabolic features promoting recurrence remains unknown. We established a mouse xenograft model of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that enabled chemotherapy-induced regressions of established disease followed by lethal regrowth of more aggressive tumor cells. Human AML cells from terminally ill mice treated with chemotherapy (chemoAML) had higher lipid content, increased lactate production and ATP levels, reduced expression of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and fewer mitochondria than controls from untreated AML animals. These changes were linked to increased VEGFR2 signaling that counteracted chemotherapy-driven cell death; blocking of VEGFR2 sensitized chemoAML to chemotherapy (re-)treatment and induced a mitochondrial biogenesis program with increased mitochondrial mass and oxidative stress. Accordingly, depletion of PGC-1α in chemoAML cells abolished such induction of mitochondrial metabolism and chemosensitization in response to VEGFR2 inhibition. Collectively, this reveals a mitochondrial metabolic vulnerability with potential therapeutic applications against chemotherapy-resistant AML.
Significance: These findings reveal a mitochondrial metabolic vulnerability that might be exploited to kill chemotherapy-resistant acute myeloid leukemia cells. Cancer Res; 78(3); 731–41. ©2017 AACR.
Coactivation of Estrogen Receptor and IKKβ Induces a Dormant Metastatic Phenotype in ER-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: El-Shennawy Lamiaa , Dubrovskyi Oleksii , Kastrati Irida , Danes Jeanne M. , Zhang Yiqun , Whiteley Herbert E. , Creighton Chad J. , Frasor Jonna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the inflammatory NFκB pathway is associated with the progression of ER+ tumors to more aggressive stages. However, it is unknown whether NFκB is a driver or a consequence of aggressive ER+ disease. To investigate this question, we developed breast cancer cell lines expressing an inducible, constitutively active form of IκB kinase β (CA-IKKβ), a key kinase in the canonical NFκB pathway. We found that CA-IKKβ blocked E2-dependent cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo in a reversible manner, suggesting that IKKβ may contribute to tumor dormancy and recurrence of ER+ disease. Moreover, coactivation of ER and IKKβ promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro and drove experimental metastasis in vivo. Gene expression profiling revealed a strong association between ER and CA-IKKβ–driven gene expression and clinically relevant invasion and metastasis gene signatures. Mechanistically, the invasive phenotype appeared to be driven by an expansion of a basal/stem-like cell population rather than EMT. Taken together, our findings suggest that coactivation of ER and the canonical NFκB pathway promotes a dormant, metastatic phenotype in ER+ breast cancer and implicates IKKβ as a driver of certain features of aggressive ER+ breast cancer.
Significance: The canonical NFκB pathway promotes expansion of stem/basal-like cells and a dormant, metastatic phenotype in ER+ breast cancer cells. Cancer Res; 78(4); 974–84. ©2017 AACR.
Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Leads to Resistance to EGFR TKIs in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer by Activating Src-mediated Bypass Signaling
Authors: Ye Mingxiang , Zhang Yong , Gao Hongjun , Xu Yan , Jing Pengyu , Wu Jianxiong , Zhang Xinxin , Xiong Jie , Dong Chenfang , Yao Libo , Zhang Jian , Zhang Jian 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Purpose: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been generally recognized as a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that responds to xenobiotic chemicals. Recent studies have suggested that the expression of AhR varies widely across different cancer types and cancer cell lines, but its significance in cancer treatment has yet to be clarified.
Experimental Design: AhR expression in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was determined by Western blotting and IHC staining. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments were performed to determine the effect of AhR on sensitivity to targeted therapeutics. A panel of biochemical assays was used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Results: A high AhR protein level indicated an unfavorable prognosis for lung adenocarcinoma. Inhibition of AhR signaling sensitized EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in NSCLC cells that express high level of endogenous AhR protein. Notably, activation of AhR by pharmacologic and molecular approaches rendered EGFR-mutant cells resistant to TKIs by restoring PI3K/Akt and MEK/Erk signaling through activation of Src. In addition, we found that AhR acts as a protein adaptor to mediate Jak2–Src interaction, which does not require the canonical transcriptional activity of AhR.
Conclusions: Our results reveal a transcription-independent function of AhR and indicate that AhR may act as a protein adaptor that recruits kinases bypassing EGFR and drives resistance to TKIs. Accordingly, targeting Src would be a strategy to overcome resistance to EGFR TKIs in AhR-activated NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1227–39. ©2017 AACR.
Why Public and Theological? The Problem of Public Theology in the Chinese Context
Authors: Xie Zhibin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This article reviews the discourses on public theology in the Chinese context and examines the traditional Chinese understanding of the term ‘public’, the tradition of public theology in China, and the specific issues facing a public theology in the Chinese context. It highlights the problems that surround a governmental-dominated public, the identity of social organizations, and the theological character of political entanglement when Christianity seeks to engage in public life in China. These problems shape the development of public theology in the Chinese setting as well as its prospective contribution to the global discourse on public theology. It also examines the tension that sometimes arises surrounding the relationship between the two substantive terms—public and theological. It seeks to demonstrate how to be public and theological at one and the same time—and, do so, with special reference to its implications in the Chinese context.
A Medieval Hebrew Adaptation of Two Crusading Texts: Presentation, Analysis and Edition
Authors: Roth Pinchas , Rubin Jonathan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A Hebrew manuscript in the Parma Palatinate Library, produced in the fourteenth century, probably in Provence, contains adaptations from Latin/Romance texts, including two that originate in the Christian crusading tradition. These two sections consist mainly of historical and geographical data relating to the Levant. The Hebrew adaptations, although selective, are religiously neutral, reflecting the redactor’s keen interest in the history and geography of the Orient and his willingness to absorb information about it from Christian sources.
Building a Fascist Romania: Voluntary Work Camps as Mobilisation Strategies of the Legionary Movement in Interwar Romania
Authors: Cârstocea Raul 
Published: December 2017

This paper addresses the importance of work camps as mobilisation strategies employed by the ‘Legion of the Archangel Michael’, Romania’s interwar fascist movement. It argues that the success of the legionary constructive work projects, practically taking the form of voluntary work camps and smaller ‘construction sites’ (şantiere) – the latter developed according to similar principles, yet more limited in size – contributed significantly to the increase in popularity of the movement, in spite of (and perhaps even aided by) sustained opposition from the state authorities. As such, the case study of the legionary work camps is employed in an attempt to show how grassroots mobilisation strategies, emphasising activism and voluntarism, as well as cross-class solidarity among members of the movement, added considerable credibility to a populist palingenetic project, circumventing a shortage of material resources that prevented the use of more elaborate propaganda methods. Such strategies rendered the legionary movement distinct from all the other political parties in interwar Romania, and their positive reception, especially among the rural population, gave credence to the legionary criticism of the democratic parties and, implicitly, to the movement’s challenge to parliamentary democracy.
The cedaw Committee and Gender-Based Violence against Women
Authors: McQuigg Ronagh J.A. 
Published: December 2017

On 14 July 2017, the un Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (cedaw Committee) adopted its General Recommendation No. 35 on gender-based violence against women. The purpose of this General Recommendation was to update the Committee’s General Recommendation No. 19 on violence against women, which had been adopted 25 years previously. This article examines General Recommendation No. 35 and analyses the extent to which this General Recommendation may contribute to addressing the issue of gender-based violence against women. However, although General Recommendation No. 35 is undoubtedly a positive development in the response of international human rights law to this issue, it is argued that further measures are necessary, in the form of a un treaty on violence against women.
Socratic Dialogue Faces the History
Authors: Candiotto Laura 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This essay will demonstrate the nexus between philosophical dialogue and political action by analyzing the work of Leonard Nelson and his disciples Gustav Heckman and Minna Specht. The central question is: “In which sense can a dialogical education be considered as a political action?”
In the 1920s and 1930s, Nelson promoted Socratic dialogue amongst his students as a practice of freedom in opposition to the rising Nazi power. Nelson understood that to educate the new generation through a very participative model of philosophical inquiry that privileged critical thinking and autonomy was the best form of resistance. Minna Specht’s idea of education for confidence gave to this dialogical practice a very innovative dimension, which led her to be engaged with unesco’s educational programs in post-war Germany. In this way, the Socratic dialogue faced history.
Revision of the Agrilus humilis species-group (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilini) with description of thirteen new species from Southeastern Asia
Authors: JENDEK EDUARD 
Published: December 2017

The newly defined Agrilus humilis species–group comprising twenty taxa of Indo–Malayan and Australasian region is revised based on the examination of type specimens. The taxonomic concept and distribution of all known species is critically revised for the first time since they were described. The complete commented bibliographic data are given for each name. The key to species is provided and complemented with illustration of habitus and genitalia. Images of all primary types are also included. The following thirteen new species are described: Agrilus aruensis sp. nov.; A. ateles sp. nov.; A. bicoloripennis sp. nov.; A. chloros sp. nov.; A. duffelsorum sp. nov.; A. ecalcaratus sp. nov.; A. incrassatus sp. nov.; A. korbicola sp. nov.; A. oidema sp. nov.; A. sphenopterus sp. nov.; A. suturistriatus sp. nov.; A. thailandicus sp. nov. and A. vogti sp. nov.
Advancing Science and Services during the 2015/16 El Niño: The NOAA El Niño Rapid Response Field Campaign
Authors: Dole Randall M. , Spackman J. Ryan , Newman Matthew , Compo Gilbert P. , Smith Catherine A. , Hartten Leslie M. , Barsugli Joseph J. , Webb Robert S. , Hoerling Martin P. , Cifelli Robert , Wolter Klaus , Barnet Christopher D. , Gehne Maria , Gelaro Ronald , Kiladis George N. , Abbott Scott , Akish Elena , Albers John , Brown John M. , Cox Christopher J. , Darby Lisa , de Boer Gijs , DeLuisi Barbara , Dias Juliana , Dunion Jason , Eischeid Jon , Fairall Christopher , Gambacorta Antonia , Gorton Brian K. , Hoell Andrew , Intrieri Janet , Jackson Darren , Johnston Paul E. , Lataitis Richard , Mahoney Kelly M. , McCaffrey Katherine , McColl H. Alex , Mueller Michael J. , Murray Donald , Neiman Paul J. , Otto William , Persson Ola , Quan Xiao-Wei , Rangwala Imtiaz , Ray Andrea J. , Reynolds David , Dellaripa Emily Riley , Rosenlof Karen , Sakaeda Naoko , Sardeshmukh Prashant D. , Slivinski Laura C. , Smith Lesley , Solomon Amy , Swales Dustin , Tulich Stefan , White Allen , Wick Gary , Winterkorn Matthew G. , Wolfe Daniel E. , Zamora Robert 
Published: December 2017

AbstractForecasts by mid-2015 for a strong El Niño during winter 2015/16 presented an exceptional scientific opportunity to accelerate advances in understanding and predictions of an extreme climate event and its impactswhile the event was ongoing. Seizing this opportunity, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) initiated an El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR), conducting the first field campaign to obtain intensive atmospheric observations over the tropical Pacific during El Niño.The overarching ENRR goal was to determine the atmospheric response to El Niño and the implications for predicting extratropical storms and U.S. West Coast rainfall. The field campaign observations extended from the central tropical Pacific to the West Coast, with a primary focus on the initial tropical atmospheric response that links El Niño to its global impacts. NOAA deployed its Gulfstream-IV (G-IV) aircraft to obtain observations around organized tropical convection and poleward convective outflow near the heart of El Niño. Additional tropical Pacific observations were obtained by radiosondes launched from Kiritimati , Kiribati, and the NOAA shipRonald H. Brown, and in the eastern North Pacific by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Global Hawk unmanned aerial system. These observations were all transmitted in real time for use in operational prediction models. An X-band radar installed in Santa Clara, California, helped characterize precipitation distributions. This suite supported an end-to-end capability extending from tropical Pacific processes to West Coast impacts. The ENRR observations were used during the event in operational predictions. They now provide an unprecedented dataset for further research to improve understanding and predictions of El Niño and its impacts.
Dietary patterns of households in Scotland: Differences by level of deprivation and associations with dietary goals
Authors: Whybrow S , Craig LCA , Macdiarmid JI 
Published: December 2017

Background: Foods tend to be consumed in combinations, and dietary pattern analysis and diet-quality scores are often more appropriate methods of assessing overall diet quality than is intakes of individual foods or nutrients. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary patterns from the food and drink purchases of households in Scotland, and to identify any dietary patterns that were associated with closer adherence to the Revised Dietary Goals for Scotland (RDGS). Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study of estimated food and drink intakes using Kantar WorldPanel household purchase data in Scotland collected during 2012. The amounts of food and drink purchased were converted to estimated amounts available for consumption per person by adjusting for household waste, household size and composition ( n = 720). Dietary patterns were identified using principal components analysis. A Diet Quality Index (DQI), based on the RDGS, was calculated. Results: The mean DQI score was low at 38 out of a possible maximum of 100, indicating that, on average, few of the dietary goals were being met. Six dietary patterns were identified, which explained 35% of the total variance in estimated food and drink intake. Three dietary patterns showed statistically significant associations with lower DQI scores (less healthy diets), and one with significantly higher DQI scores (healthier diets). Conclusions: Investigating dietary patterns to show which foods tend to be purchased together may assist in targeting dietary habits by focussing on key food groups, and in gaining the greatest improvement in diet quality from the most achievable change in diet.
Severe Trauma Presenting to the Resuscitation Room of a Hong Kong Emergency Department
Authors: Rainer Th , Chan Sy , Kwok K , Suen Dtk , Lam W , Cocks Ra 
Published: December 2017

Background Little is known about the epidemiology or mortality associated with trauma in Hong Kong or of its demands on the service of emergency departments. This study describes both the quantity and quality of trauma presenting to an emergency department in Hong Kong. Methods In a retrospective study conducted from January to June 1997 there were 100,000 new patient attendances at the emergency department of the Prince of Wales Hospital of which 227 trauma patients (0.002%) were triaged to the Resuscitation Room. Patient records were scrutinised for types and mechanisms of injury, times of injury and arrival at the emergency department, role of alcohol, and scored using an injury severity score. Important outcomes were mortality and duration of hospital stay. Results Data was available on 221 (97%) subjects (male to female ratio 3.7:1) of which there were 203 adults and 18 children. Blunt injury accounted for 199/215 (92.6%) cases and penetrating for 16/215 (7.4%) cases. Motor vehicle crashes accounted for 113/205 (55%) cases, falls for 47/205 (23%) cases and assault for 18/205 (9%) cases. 51/224 (23%) cases presented between the hours of midnight and 8 am. The median injury severity score (ISS) was 9 (mean 11; range 1–59). 32/227 (14%) patients died, the majority resulting from road traffic accidents or falls. Conclusion Patterns of ‘severe’ trauma in Hong Kong primarily affect male adults, include a preponderance of motor vehicle crashes and falls, and significant mortality.
Emergency Department Misuse and Administrative Interventions
Authors: Chung CH 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionNotwithstanding the primary mission of managing sudden unexpected illnesses, major injuries and life‐threatening conditions, emergency departments have been forced to deal with primary care and even social problems nowadays. Emergency department (ED) overcrowding is a worldwide problem. Hong Kong is not immune, although the causes may be somewhat different. Excessive and unlimited patient volume threatens quality and timely emergency care. A review of the epidemiology of local ED attendance, causes of ED overcrowding and possible solutions may guide the future direction of healthcare in Hong Kong.MethodsMedical literature on ED overcrowding and ED misuse were searched from the Medline, HealthSTAR and EMBASE. Relevant full text articles were retrieved through hospital library network. Local emergency medicine publications including the Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine and Emergi‐News were reviewed. Local statistics were obtained from the Hong Kong Government information website, Hospital Authority Executive Information System (EIS) and Hospital Authority Accident & Emergency Service data files.ResultsThere has been a steadily rising trend of ED attendance per thousand population. Causes of ED overcrowding include easy access, quality emergency care, barriers to primary care, barriers to specialist care, patient education, human right and free service. There are two approaches to the problem ‐ decreasing the demand or increasing the funding. Usual administrative measures aim at reducing inappropriate use of ED service. These include improved community and primary care, improved specialist support, patient education, financial barriers, patient refusal and even lowering ED service standard. Another approach is augmenting the resources and productivity of emergency departments to cater for the increasing demand.ConclusionsThere is no single effective solution that will apply in all circumstances. Broadly speaking, overcrowding is the result of inadequate funding for emergency health care services during a period of increasing demand.