bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of 3‐Amino‐2‐oxindoles by Direct Amination of Aniline or α‐Amino‐Acid Derivatives to 3‐Bromooxindoles.
Authors: Zhao Min , Li Nai‐Kai , Zhang Ya‐Fei , Pan Feng‐Feng , Wang Xing‐Wang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Ni‐catalyzed asymmetric amination of 3‐bromooxindoles with anilines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Angularly Fused (Homo)triquinane‐Type Hydantoins as Precursors of Bicyclic Prolines.
Authors: Smit Biljana , Rodic Marko , Pavlovic Radoslav Z. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe title hydantoins are synthesized involving a highly diastereoselective Bucherer—Bergs reaction of alkenylcycloalkanones followed by a regioselective selenium‐induced closure of a pyrrolidine ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐Component Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles Catalyzed by Triphenylphosphine in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Amine Khodja Imene , Fisli Amina , Lebhour Oumeima , Boulcina Raouf , Boumoud Boudjemaa , Debache Abdelmadjid 
Published: June 2016

Abstractstarting from hydrazine/phenylhydrazine, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile, and various aromatic or heteroaromatic aldehydes
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetically Separable Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Imino Diels—Alder Reaction
Authors: Basavegowda Nagaraj , Mishra Kanchan , Lee Yong Rok , Joh Young‐Gull 
Published: June 2016

Abstractproviding efficient access to a variety of substituted 2‐methyltetrahydroquinoline derivatives
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Quinolizidines via a Gold‐Catalyzed Double Cyclization Cascade.
Authors: Nonaka Shiori , Sugimoto Kenji , Ueda Hirofumi , Tokuyama Hidetoshi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA novel synthesis of quinolizidines by a cationic gold‐catalyzed double cyclization cascade is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Hydride Migration in Dialkyl α‐Diazophosphonates Catalyzed by [Cu(MeCN)4]PF6: A Novel Approach to β‐Amino (E)‐Enylphosphonates.
Authors: Ge Haihong , Liu Shuang , Cai Yan , Sun Yuchao , Miao Zhiwei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSteric factors are found to influence the E/Z isomer selectivity in the synthesis of the title phosphonates.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Homogeneous Antibody—Drug Conjugates Using Site‐Selective Protein Chemistry
Authors: Akkapeddi Padma , Azizi Saara‐Anne , Freedy Allyson M. , Cal Pedro M. S. D. , Gois Pedro M. P. , Bernardes Goncalo J. L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractReview: 98 refs.
Exploring the link between management communication and emotions in mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Zagelmeyer Stefan , Sinkovics Rudolf R. , Sinkovics Noemi , Kusstatscher Verena 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNews on merger and acquisition (M&A) activities frequently dominate the popular business press. While the announcement of an M&A usually elicits enthusiasm in the business community, it also results in increased levels of uncertainty, stress, and anxiety for employees. Based on a qualitative analysis of four international M&A cases, this paper integrates emotions and communication during mergers and acquisitions in a conceptual framework. We argue that management communication and information flows during all stages of an M&A process represent affective events, which in a cognitive appraisal process trigger positive and negative emotions. These in turn may influence employee attitudes, behaviour, and performance, and ultimately also M&A success. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Risk Prediction With the CKD‐EPI and MDRD Equations in Non–ST‐Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Flores‐Blanco Pedro J. , López‐Cuenca Ángel , Januzzi James L. , Marín Francisco , Sánchez‐Martínez Marianela , Quintana‐Giner Miriam , Romero‐Aniorte Ana I. , Valdés Mariano , Manzano‐Fernández Sergio 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundChronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) equations estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) more accurately than the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation.HypothesisNew CKD‐EPI equations improve risk stratification in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE‐ACS) and provide complementary information to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score.MethodsWe studied 350 subjects (mean age, 68 ± 12 years; 70% male) with NSTE‐ACS. Estimated GFR was calculated using the MDRD and new CKD‐EPI equations based on serum creatinine (SCr) and/or cystatin C (CysC) concentrations obtained within 48 hours of hospital admission. The primary endpoint was all‐cause death during follow‐up.ResultsOver the study period (median, 648 days [interquartile range, 236–1042 days]), 31 patients died (0.05% events per person‐year). Decedents had poorer renal‐function parameters (P < 0.001). Both CysC‐based CKD‐EPI equations had the highest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the prediction of all‐cause mortality. After multivariate adjustment, only CysC‐based CKD‐EPI equations were independent predictors of all‐cause mortality (CKD‐EPISCr‐CysC, per mL/min/1.73 m2: hazard ratio: 0.975, 95% confidence interval: 0.956‐0.994, P = 0.009; CKD‐EPICysC, per mL/min/1.73 m2: hazard ratio: 0.976, 95% confidence interval: 0.959‐0.993, P = 0.005). Reclassification analyses showed that only CysC‐based CKD‐EPI equations improved predictive accuracy of the GRACE risk score.ConclusionsIn patients with NSTE‐ACS, CysC‐based CKD‐EPI equations improved clinical risk stratification for mortality and added complementary prognostic information to the GRACE risk score.
Improving the patient experience in the delivery of high quality surgical care and health outcomes
Authors: Kim Simon P. , Abouassaly Robert 
Published: June 2016

With passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services have placed a greater degree of emphasis on value for health care delivery by focusing on improving health outcomes and quality and lowering costs. In this issue of Cancer, Shirk et al examine the relationship between the patient‐centered experience and hospital outcomes for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, nephrectomy, and cystectomy for genitourinary malignancies.See also pages 2571‐8.
Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Biological Applications
Authors: Nguyen Emily P. , Daeneke Torben , Zhuiykov Serge , Kalantar‐zadeh Kourosh 
Published: June 2016

AbstractKnown to possess distinctive properties that differ greatly from their bulk form, layered two‐dimensional materials have been extensively studied and incorporated into many versatile applications ranging from optoelectronics to sensors. For biomedical research, two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) have garnered much interest as they have been shown to exhibit relatively low toxicity, high stability in aqueous environments, and the ability to adhere to biological materials such as proteins. These materials are promising candidates, demonstrating potential applications in biosensing, cell imaging, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Preparation and exfoliation of 2D TMDs play an important part in these various applications as their properties are heavily dependent on the number of layers and lateral size. Described in this article are protocols for the liquid exfoliation of 2D TMDs from their bulk materials. Additional protocols are also provided for functionalizing or modifying the surface of the exfoliated 2D TMDs. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assays for Determination of Protein Concentration
Authors: Olson Bradley J.S.C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBiochemical analysis of proteins relies on accurate quantification of protein concentration. Detailed in this appendix are some commonly used methods for protein analysis, e.g., Lowry, Bradford, bicinchoninic acid (BCA), UV spectroscopic, and 3‐(4‐carboxybenzoyl)quinoline‐2‐carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) assays. The primary focus of this report is assay selection, emphasizing sample and buffer compatibility. The fundamentals of generating protein assay standard curves and of data processing are considered, as are high‐throughput adaptations of the more commonly used protein assays. Also included is a rapid, inexpensive, and reliable BCA assay of total protein in SDS‐PAGE sample buffer that is used for equal loading of SDS‐PAGE gels. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Association and Diffusion of Li+ in Carboxymethylcellulose Solutions for Environmentally Friendly Li‐ion Batteries
Authors: Casalegno Mosè , Castiglione Franca , Passarello Marco , Mele Andrea , Passerini Stefano , Raos Guido 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCarboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been proposed as a polymeric binder for electrodes in environmentally friendly Li‐ion batteries. Its physical properties and interaction with Li+ ions in water are interesting not only from the point of view of electrode preparation—processability in water is one of the main reasons for its environmental friendliness—but also for its possible application in aqueous Li‐ion batteries. We combine molecular dynamics simulations and variable‐time pulsed field gradient spin‐echo (PFGSE) NMR spectroscopy to investigate Li+ transport in CMC‐based solutions. Both the simulations and experimental results show that, at concentrations at which Li‐CMC has a gel‐like consistency, the Li+ diffusion coefficient is still very close to that in water. These Li+ ions interact preferentially with the carboxylate groups of CMC, giving rise to a rich variety of coordination patterns. However, the diffusion of Li+ in these systems is essentially unrestricted, with a fast, nanosecond‐scale exchange of the ions between CMC and the aqueous environment.
Determination of Interfacial Charge‐Transfer Rate Constants in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Pydzińska Katarzyna , Karolczak Jerzy , Kosta Ivet , Tena‐Zaera Ramon , Todinova Anna , Idígoras Jesus , Anta Juan A. , Ziółek Marcin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA simple protocol to study the dynamics of charge transfer to selective contacts in perovskite solar cells, based on time‐resolved laser spectroscopy studies, in which the effect of bimolecular electron–hole recombination has been eliminated, is proposed. Through the proposed procedure, the interfacial charge‐transfer rate constants from methylammonium lead iodide perovskite to different contact materials can be determined. Hole transfer is faster for CuSCN (rate constant 0.20 ns−1) than that for 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis‐(N,N‐di‐4‐methoxyphenylamino)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD; 0.06 ns−1), and electron transfer is faster for mesoporous (0.11 ns−1) than that for compact (0.02 ns−1) TiO2 layers. Despite more rapid charge separation, the photovoltaic performance of CuSCN cells is worse than that of spiro‐OMeTAD cells; this is explained by faster charge recombination in CuSCN cells, as revealed by impedance spectroscopy. The proposed direction of studies should be one of the key strategies to explore efficient hole‐selective contacts as an alternative to spiro‐OMeTAD.
Study of Pyridine‐Mediated Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Methanol at High CO2 Pressure
Authors: Rybchenko Sergey I. , Touhami Dalila , Wadhawan Jay D. , Haywood Stephanie K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe recently proposed highly efficient route of pyridine‐catalyzed CO2 reduction to methanol was explored on platinum electrodes at high CO2 pressure. At 55 bar (5.5 MPa) of CO2, the bulk electrolysis in both potentiostatic and galvanostatic regimes resulted in methanol production with Faradaic yields of up to 10 % for the first 5–10 C cm−2 of charge passed. For longer electrolysis, the methanol concentration failed to increase proportionally and was limited to sub‐ppm levels irrespective of biasing conditions and pyridine concentration. This limitation cannot be removed by electrode reactivation and/or pre‐electrolysis and appears to be an inherent feature of the reduction process. In agreement with bulk electrolysis findings, the CV analysis supported by simulation indicated that hydrogen evolution is still the dominant electrode reaction in pyridine‐containing electrolyte solution, even with an excess CO2 concentration in the solution. No prominent contribution from either a direct or coupled CO2 reduction was found. The results obtained suggest that the reduction of CO2 to methanol is a transient process that is largely decoupled from the electrode charge transfer.
Movement in the matrix: substrates and distance‐to‐forest edge affect postmetamorphic movements of a forest amphibian
Authors: Cline Brittany B. , Hunter Malcolm L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPopulation persistence often depends on functional connectivity for animals that transit multiple vegetation types to acquire resources, particularly for dispersers navigating a landscape matrix fragmented by agriculture, forestry, or urbanization. For many pool‐breeding amphibians, population viability depends on the ability of juveniles to locate and reach suitable habitat in the terrestrial matrix. Thus, identifying the scale and orientation of movements is necessary to predict the consequences of landscape configuration for populations. We conducted three experiments to evaluate if different vegetation types alter the behavior of post‐metamorphic wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus). We measured the: (1) fine‐scale movement (velocity, latency, path length, net displacement, path tortuosity, and orientation) of individuals (n = 150) released on five substrates (asphalt, corn, forest leaf litter, hay, lawn); (2) directionality of frogs (n = 168) released at different distances from forest in two open‐cover types (lawns, hayfields); and (3) willingness of frogs (n = 240) to enter three land‐cover types (asphalt, lawn, forest) when released within artificial refugia islands at different distances from forest. Using fluorescent powder, we mapped 318 movement paths and performance differed. Frogs demonstrated straighter paths, and greater net movements, path lengths, and velocities through treatments with lower structural complexity (asphalt > lawn > corn > forest leaf litter > hay). Frogs also exhibited forest‐oriented directionality in asphalt, lawn, and corn but random orientation in forest control and hay. The willingness of individuals to leave a refugia island was lowest on asphalt (12% of released frogs), moderate on lawn (40%), and very high in forest (90%). Overall, results indicate that the quality of nonforest matrix may influence the ability of frogs to traverse open cover and orient toward forest from distances of ≥40–55 m. Thus, it is inaccurate to assume movement performance is uniform across all open‐matrix types, an important distinction because many landscape‐population models use expert‐based values that are a one‐size‐fits‐all measure for open cover. Our study provides field‐based, mechanistic approximations of juvenile movement that can be useful for predicting how matrix composition and configuration might be managed to maintain or restore functional connectivity.
Testing epidemiological functional groups as predictors of avian haemosporidia patterns in southern Africa
Authors: Hellard Eléonore , Cumming Graeme S. , Caron Alexandre , Coe Elizabeth , Peters Jeffrey L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics of multihost parasites and the roles of different host species in parasite epidemiology requires consideration of the whole animal community. Host communities may be composed of hundreds of interacting species, making it necessary to simplify the problem. One approach to summarizing the host community in a way that is relevant to the epidemiology of the parasite is to group host species into epidemiological functional groups (EpiFGs). We used EpiFGs to test our understanding of avian malaria (PlasmodiumandHaemoproteus) dynamics in four communities of wetland‐associated birds in southern Africa. Bird counts and captures were undertaken every 2–4 months over 2 yr and malaria was diagnosed by nestedPCR. One hundred and seventy‐six bird species were allocated to a set of EpiFGs according to their assumed roles in introducing and maintaining the parasite in the system. Roles were quantified as relative risks from avian foraging, roosting, and movement ecology and assumed interaction with vector species. We compared our estimated a priori risks to empirical data from 3414 captured birds from four sites and 3485 half‐hour point counts. After accounting for relative avian abundance, our risk estimates significantly correlated with the observed prevalence ofHaemoproteusbut notPlasmodium. Although avian roosting height (for both malarial genera) and movement ecology (forPlasmodium) separately influenced prevalence, host behavior alone was not sufficient to predictPlasmodiumpatterns in our communities. Host taxonomy and relative abundance were also important for this parasite. Although using EpiFGs enabled us to predict the infection patterns of only one genus of heamosporidia, our approach holds promise for examining the influence of host community composition on the transmission of vector‐borne parasites and identifying gaps in our understanding of host–parasite interactions.
Functional diversity of North American broad‐leaved trees is codetermined by past and current environmental factors
Authors: Ordonez Alejandro , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractModern and historical climate are known to codetermine broad‐scale species richness and composition patterns in temperate regions. Nonetheless, is poorly understood the extent to which these effects individually or in combination determine functional diversity, many studies have simply assumed equilibrium between current climate and functional diversity. We estimated functional richness (FRich) and dispersion (FDisp) of North American broad‐leaved trees by combining distribution and trait information. Then, we determined if contemporary water‐energy availability, current topographic variability, historical climatic stability, and lagged immigration from glacial refugia co‐determined the functional diversity of North American broad‐leaved trees. We did this by assessing the directionality, magnitude, and relative importance of various contemporary and historical environmental factors know to affect species diversity. Contrasts were performed across all North America (Mexico, United States, and Canada), and areas within this region that were glaciated or ice‐free during the Last Glacial Maximum (~21 000 yr ago). FRich and FDisp showed distinct geographic patterns that are strongly associated with both contemporary environmental conditions and glacial–interglacial climate change. Model averaged regression coefficients and AIC‐based variable relative importance estimates show that contemporary productivity (FRich‐wAIC: 1.0; FDisp‐wAIC: 1.0), annual precipitation (FRich‐wAIC: 0.81; FDisp‐wAIC: 1.0), and accessibility to glacial refugia (FRich‐wAIC: 0.92; FDisp‐wAIC: 1.0) have the strongest associations to FRich and FDisp. Furthermore, the association of functional diversity with topographic heterogeneity showed steeper slopes in ice‐free regions. These findings suggest that, contrary to the expectation climate‐diversity equilibrium, functional diversity of North America broad‐leaved trees is codetermined by current climate and lagged immigration from glacial refugia.
Implications of mechanistic modeling of drought effects on growth and competition in forest landscape models
Authors: Gustafson Eric J. , De Bruijn Arjan M. G. , Miranda Brian R. , Sturtevant Brian R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe incidence of drought is expected to increase worldwide as a factor structuring forested landscapes. Ecophysiological mechanisms are being added to Forest Landscape Models (FLMs) to increase their robustness to the novel environmental conditions of the future (including drought), but their behavior has not been evaluated for mixed temperate forests. We evaluated such an approach by assessing the ability of physiological mechanisms to predict susceptibility to tree mortality as a function of drought in the upper Midwest (USA) through controlled site‐level drought simulation experiments using the PnET‐Succession extension of the LANDIS‐II FLM. We also conducted a landscape‐level experiment to study landscape response to drought treatments in the presence of the spatial processes of seed dispersal and stand‐replacing disturbance. At the site level we found that net photosynthesis and carbon reserves showed a clear negative response to both the length of drought and the alternating pulses of normal precipitation and drought events, with soils holding more water moderating this response. The effect of the drought treatments varied somewhat depending on the assemblage of competitors and their specific life‐history traits such as ability to compete for light, maximum photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency. A large diversity of assemblages were simulated at the landscape level, and species abundance generally sorted by photosynthetic capacity (foliar nitrogen) and life form (deciduous vs. evergreen), with faster growing species and deciduous species suffering less decline because of drought. Soil type also had an impact on total productivity (biomass), with soils having higher available water being more productive through time. We conclude that (1) the mechanistic, first principles approach is advantageous for global change research because the combination of life‐history traits of competitors interact to cause a site‐specific dynamic response to fundamental drivers (e.g., precipitation, temperature), and these site‐level responses interact spatially to create landscape responses that are complex and difficult to project with less mechanistic approaches, and (2) published findings that increasing drought length (rather than severity) increases tree mortality in the upper Midwest are clearly consistent with a mechanism of acute photosynthetic depression resulting in increased likelihood of carbon starvation as droughts lengthen.
Population coherence and environmental impacts across spatial scales: a case study of Chinook salmon
Authors: Ohlberger Jan , Scheuerell Mark D. , Schindler Daniel E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA central problem in understanding how species respond to global change is in parsing the effects of local drivers of population dynamics from regional and global drivers that are shared among populations. Management and conservation efforts that typically focus on a particular population would benefit greatly from being able to separate the effects of environmental processes at local, regional, and global scales. One way of addressing this challenge is to integrate data across multiple populations and use multivariate time series approaches to estimate shared and independent components of dynamics among neighboring populations. Here, we use a data set of 15 populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) covering a broad geographical range in the eastern North Pacific Ocean to show how Dynamic Factor Analysis (DFA) can be used to estimate temporal coherence in population dynamics and to detect environmental drivers across spatial scales. Our results show that productivity dynamics of Chinook salmon populations strongly covary at the regional scale, but to a lesser degree at larger spatial scales. The timing of river ice break‐up in spring was identified as an important driver of regional productivity dynamics. In addition, broad‐scale variability in population productivity was linked to the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, a dominant pattern of sea surface height variability. These broad‐scale patterns in productivity dynamics may be associated with recent regime shifts in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. However, our results also demonstrate that populations within regions do not always respond consistently to the same environmental drivers, thus suggesting location‐specific impacts. Overall, this study illustrates the use of DFA for quantifying the spatial and temporal complexity of multiple population responses to environmental change, thereby providing insights to processes that affect populations across large geographic areas, but that might be filtered by local habitat conditions.