bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exogenous nutrients and carbon resource change the responses of soil organic matter decomposition and nitrogen immobilization to nitrogen deposition
Authors: He Ping , Wan Song-Ze , Fang Xiang-Min , Wang Fang-Chao , Chen Fu-Sheng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIt is unclear whether exogenous nutrients and carbon (C) additions alter substrate immobilization to deposited nitrogen (N) during decomposition. In this study, we used laboratory microcosm experiments and15N isotope tracer techniques with five different treatments including N addition, N+non-N nutrients addition, N+C addition, N+non-N nutrients+C addition and control, to investigate the coupling effects of non-N nutrients, C addition and N deposition on forest floor decomposition in subtropical China. The results indicated that N deposition inhibited soil organic matter and litter decomposition by 66% and 38%, respectively. Soil immobilized15N following N addition was lowest among treatments. Litter15N immobilized following N addition was significantly higher and lower than that of combined treatments during the early and late decomposition stage, respectively. Both soil and litter extractable mineral N were lower in combined treatments than in N addition treatment. Since soil N immobilization and litter N release were respectively enhanced and inhibited with elevated non-N nutrient and C resources, it can be speculated that the N leaching due to N deposition decreases with increasing nutrient and C resources. This study should advance our understanding of how forests responds the elevated N deposition.
Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis after total hip or knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ning Guang-Zhi , Kan Shun-Li , Chen Ling-Xiao , Shangguan Lei , Feng Shi-Qing , Zhou Yue 
Published: March 2016

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is the most widespread severe complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We conducted this meta-analysis to further validate the benefits and harms of rivaroxaban use for thromboprophylaxis after THA or TKA. We thoroughly searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was applied to test the robustness of our findings and to obtain a more conservative estimation. Of 316 articles screened, nine studies were included. Compared with enoxaparin, rivaroxaban significantly reduced symptomatic VTE (P = 0.0001) and symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT; P = 0.0001) but not symptomatic pulmonary embolism (P = 0.57). Furthermore, rivaroxaban was not associated with an increase in all-cause mortality, clinically relevant non-major bleeding and postoperative wound infection. However, the findings were accompanied by an increase in major bleeding (P = 0.02). The TSA demonstrated that the cumulative z-curve crossed the traditional boundary but not the trial sequential monitoring boundary and did not reach the required information size for major bleeding. Rivaroxaban was more beneficial than enoxaparin for preventing symptomatic DVT but increased the risk of major bleeding. According to the TSA results, more evidence is needed to verify the risk of major bleeding with rivaroxaban.
Highly-Sensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)-based Chemical Sensor using 3D Graphene Foam Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles as SERS substrate
Authors: Srichan Chavis , Ekpanyapong Mongkol , Horprathum Mati , Eiamchai Pitak , Nuntawong Noppadon , Phokharatkul Ditsayut , Danvirutai Pobporn , Bohez Erik , Wisitsoraat Anurat , Tuantranont Adisorn 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this work, a novel platform for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based chemical sensors utilizing three-dimensional microporous graphene foam (GF) decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is developed and applied for methylene blue (MB) detection. The results demonstrate that silver nanoparticles significantly enhance cascaded amplification of SERS effect on multilayer graphene foam (GF). The enhancement factor of AgNPs/GF sensor is found to be four orders of magnitude larger than that of AgNPs/Si substrate. In addition, the sensitivity of the sensor could be tuned by controlling the size of silver nanoparticles. The highest SERS enhancement factor of ∼5 × 104 is achieved at the optimal nanoparticle size of 50 nm. Moreover, the sensor is capable of detecting MB over broad concentration ranges from 1 nM to 100 μM. Therefore, AgNPs/GF is a highly promising SERS substrate for detection of chemical substances with ultra-low concentrations.
A cuckoo-like parasitic moth leads African weaver ant colonies to their ruin
Authors: Dejean Alain , Orivel Jérôme , Azémar Frédéric , Hérault Bruno , Corbara Bruno 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn myrmecophilous Lepidoptera, mostly lycaenids and riodinids, caterpillars trick ants into transporting them to the ant nest where they feed on the brood or, in the more derived “cuckoo strategy”, trigger regurgitations (trophallaxis) from the ants and obtain trophic eggs. We show for the first time that the caterpillars of a moth (Eublemma albifascia; Noctuidae; Acontiinae) also use this strategy to obtain regurgitations and trophic eggs from ants (Oecophylla longinoda). Females short-circuit the adoption process by laying eggs directly on the ant nests, and workers carry just-hatched caterpillars inside. Parasitized colonies sheltered 44 to 359 caterpillars, each receiving more trophallaxis and trophic eggs than control queens. The thus-starved queens lose weight, stop laying eggs (which transport the pheromones that induce infertility in the workers) and die. Consequently, the workers lay male-destined eggs before and after the queen’s death, allowing the colony to invest its remaining resources in male production before it vanishes.
Significance of alpha smooth muscle actin expression in traumatic painful neuromas: a pilot study in rats
Authors: Weng Weidong , Zhao Bin , Lin Dingshen , Gao Weiyang , Li Zhijie , Yan Hede 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTreatment of painful neuromas remains a challenge and the mechanism of neuroma-associated pain is not yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to observe the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in traumatic neuromas and to investigate its possible roles in the cause of neuropathic pain in a rat model. The rat sciatic nerve was used and the experiment was divided into two parts. In part I, our results showed significantly higher levels of α-SMA and the pain marker c-fos in the autotomy group than in the no-autotomy group. In part II, the expression of α-SMA in neuromas was down- and up-regulated using SB-431542 and GW9662, respectively. A significant correlation between autotomy scores and the expression level of α-SMA was found (R = 0.957; p < 0.001) and the expression level of α-SMA was positively related to the autotomy scores (R2 = 0.915, p < 0.001). We concluded that the expression of α-SMA plays certain roles in the neuroma-associated pain, either as a direct cause of pain or as an indirect marker of existence of local mechanical stimuli. Our findings may provide new insights into the development of new treatment modalities for the management of intractable painful neuromas.
Distribution of Axial Length before Cataract Surgery in Chinese Pediatric Patients
Authors: Lin Haotian , Lin Duoru , Chen Jingjing , Luo Lixia , Lin Zhuoling , Wu Xiaohang , Long Erping , Zhang Li , Chen Hui , Chen Wan , Zhang Bo , Liu Jinchao , Li Xiaoyan , Chen Weirong , Liu Yizhi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAxial length (AL) is a significant indicator of eyeball development, but reports on the overall status of axial development in congenital cataract (CC) patients and its relationship with patient demographics, such as age, sex, and laterality, are rare. We prospectively investigated the AL of 1,586 patients ≤18 years old and undergoing cataract surgery in China from January 2005 to December 2014. Of these 3,172 eyes, a logarithmic correlation between AL and age in CC patients was calculated, and an age of approximately 2 years was found to be a turning point in the growth rate of AL. A considerable variation was observed in CC patients of the same age. Furthermore, 2–6 years old boys had longer AL than girls. The AL of affected eye in unilateral patients was longer than that of the contralateral eye in 2–6 years age group and longer than that of eye in bilateral CC patients in all age groups. These findings indicate that the development of the length of eyeballs in CC patients is influenced by multiple factors in addition to age. A full understanding of the distribution of AL may provide a useful reference for judging the timing of surgery in CC patients.
Deletion of JMJD2B in neurons leads to defective spine maturation, hyperactive behavior and memory deficits in mouse
Authors: Fujiwara K , Fujita Y , Kasai A , Onaka Y , Hashimoto H , Okada H , Yamashita T 
Published: March 2016

AbstractJMJD2B is a histone demethylase enzyme that regulates gene expression through demethylation of H3K9me3. Although mutations of JMJD2B have been suggested to be responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders, the function of JMJD2B in the central nervous system (CNS) remains to be elucidated. Here we show that JMJD2B has a critical role in the development of the CNS. We observed JMJD2B expression, which was especially strong in the hippocampus, throughout the CNS from embryonic periods through adulthood. We generated neuron-specific JMJD2B-deficient mice using the cre-loxP system. We found an increase in total spine number, but a decrease in mature spines, in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. JMJD2B-deficient mice exhibited hyperactive behavior, sustained hyperactivity in a novel environment, deficits in working memory and spontaneous epileptic-like seizures. Together these observations indicate that JMJD2B mutant mice display symptoms reminiscent of neurodevelopmental disorders. Our findings provide evidence for the involvement of histone demethylation in the formation of functional neural networks during development.
Crystallisation effect of conductive ions in freezing water during phase transition and its effect on ice flashover voltage
Authors: Jiang Xingliang , Hu Yuyao , Shu Lichun , Zhang Zhijin , Hu Jianlin , Hu Qin , Wang Quanlin 
Published: March 2016

Icing experiments on three units of XP4‐160 insulator string are conducted to reveal the influence of the crystallisation effect of conductive ions during phase transition on melting water conductivity and ice flashover voltage, and to analyse the motion of conductive ions and its spatial distribution. The influence of different parameters, such as freezing water conductivity, electric field and pollution, on crystallisation effect is examined and analysed. Results of the tests indicate that the melting water conductivity of the ice layer and icicles is considerably greater than that of freezing water, particularly for a polluted insulator, because of the crystallisation effect. The electric field has a significant influence on the crystallisation effect, that is, the melting water conductivity under a non‐energised condition is higher than that under an energised condition. Finally, through 35 kV insulator flashover tests, the reason for the propagation of partial arcs over icicles is determined, and the flashover process is illustrated. The crystallisation effect during phase transition changes the ion distribution in a solid ice layer, thereby increasing water film conductivity, and is also a critical reason for the decline of ice flashover voltage.
2.9 C—N Bond Formation by C—H Functionalization via Metal-Catalyzed Nitrene Insertion
Authors: Weldy N. , Blakey S. B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNew routes for the formation of C—N bonds are important due to the prevalence of these bonds in complex natural products and molecules of pharmaceutical interest. Metallonitrene amination requires pre-oxidation of an amine, using precursors such as azides, N-(tosyloxy)carbamates, and iminoiodinanes. Binding of a transition-metal catalyst to the nitrene source gives the metallonitrene, which is capable of inserting into C—H bonds. Insertion may be made enantioselective in some systems by the use of a chiral metal complex. Most early examples of metallonitrene C—H amination focused on insertion into benzylic C—H bonds, but recently the substrate scope has been expanded to include aryl, vinyl, and even unactivated tertiary, secondary, and primary bonds.
Dominant, open nonverbal displays are attractive at zero-acquaintance
Authors: Vacharkulksemsuk Tanya , Reit Emily , Khambatta Poruz , Eastwick Paul W. , Finkel Eli J. , Carney Dana R. 
Published: March 2016

SignificanceThis set of studies tested whether humans are more attracted to individuals displaying their bodies expansively, a behavior considered to express both dominance and openness. Results from two field studies—a speed-dating event and a controlled experiment using a Global Positioning System-based dating application—suggested that (i) expansive (vs. contractive) body posture increases one’s romantic desirability; (ii) these results are consistent across gender; and (iii) perceived dominance and perceived openness are mechanisms through which expansiveness exerts its effect. These findings indicate that in modern-day dating contexts, in which initial attraction often is determined by a rapid decision following a brief interaction or seeing a photograph, displays of expansive posture increase one’s chances of initial romantic success.
Transmission dynamics of Ebola virus disease and intervention effectiveness in Sierra Leone
Authors: Fang Li-Qun , Yang Yang , Jiang Jia-Fu , Yao Hong-Wu , Kargbo David , Li Xin-Lou , Jiang Bao-Gui , Kargbo Brima , Tong Yi-Gang , Wang Ya-Wei , Liu Kun , Kamara Abdul , Dafae Foday , Kanu Alex , Jiang Rui-Ruo , Sun Ye , Sun Ruo-Xi , Chen Wan-Jun , Ma Mai-Juan , Dean Natalie E. , Thomas Harold , Longini Ira M. , Halloran M. Elizabeth , Cao Wu-Chun 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Since the initial recognition of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in 1976, many epidemics have occurred in Africa. Serious concerns remain that the fatal disease may repeatedly reemerge. In this study, we used data from an unprecedented EVD outbreak in Sierra Leone to map spatiotemporal transmission patterns, identify influential factors, and assess the effects of interventions at the chiefdom level. Furthermore, we have quantified household transmissibility and the temporal association between interventions and household transmission. Our findings have deepened the understanding of the transmission dynamics of EVD and provided key information for future modeling efforts in forecasting future epidemics and establishing intervention strategies.
Small-scale societies exhibit fundamental variation in the role of intentions in moral judgment
Authors: Barrett H. Clark , Bolyanatz Alexander , Crittenden Alyssa N. , Fessler Daniel M. T. , Fitzpatrick Simon , Gurven Michael , Henrich Joseph , Kanovsky Martin , Kushnick Geoff , Pisor Anne , Scelza Brooke A. , Stich Stephen , von Rueden Chris , Zhao Wanying , Laurence Stephen 
Published: March 2016

Significance
It is widely considered a universal feature of human moral psychology that reasons for actions are taken into account in most moral judgments. However, most evidence for this moral intent hypothesis comes from large-scale industrialized societies. We used a standardized methodology to test the moral intent hypothesis across eight traditional small-scale societies (ranging from hunter-gatherer to pastoralist to horticulturalist) and two Western societies (one urban, one rural). The results show substantial variation in the degree to which an individual’s intentions influence moral judgments of his or her actions, with intentions in some cases playing no role at all. This dimension of cross-cultural variation in moral judgment may have important implications for understanding cultural disagreements over wrongdoing.
Functional architecture of the Reb1-Ter complex of
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Jaiswal Rahul , Choudhury Malay , Zaman Shamsu , Singh Samarendra , Santosh Vishaka , Bastia Deepak , Escalante Carlos R. 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Transcription termination of rRNA genes by RNA polymerase I (pol I) in fission yeast requires the binding of the Reb1 protein to a terminator site (Ter). Termination is physiologically necessary because its elimination can cause replication–transcription collision and induction of genome instability. Furthermore, without termination, pol I can become unproductively sequestered on the DNA templates. We have determined the crystal structure of fission yeast terminator protein Reb1-Ter complex revealing its functional architecture. Structure-guided functional analysis revealed that it is not just tight binding of the protein to Ter but protein–protein interactions with the Rpa12 subunit of RNA polymerase I that causes transcriptional arrest.
Anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Houttuynia cordata poultice
Authors: Sekita Yasuko , Murakami Keiji , Yumoto Hiromichi , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki , Amoh Takashi , Ogino Satoshi , Matsuo Takashi , Miyake Yoichiro , Fukui Hiroyuki , Kashiwada Yoshiki 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Houttuynia cordata (HC) has been commonly used as many traditional remedies in local areas of Japan. Although many pharmacological activities of HC have been reported, the mechanism underlying the effect of HC remains unknown. We conducted the interview survey in Japan to verify how HC was actually used. The interview survey revealed that HC poultice (HCP) prepared from smothering fresh leaves of HC was most frequently used for the treatment of purulent skin diseases including furuncle and carbuncle with high effectiveness. Ethanol extract of HCP (eHCP) showed anti-bacterial effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and showed an anti-biofilm activity against MRSA. eHCP showed dose-dependent inhibition of S. aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced interleukin-8 and CCL20 production in human keratinocyte without any cytotoxicity. These results suggest that HCP is effective for skin abscess and its underlying mechanism might be the complicated multiple activities for both bacteria and host cells.
SOBIR1 contributes to non-host resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in Arabidopsis
Authors: Takahashi Toshiharu , Shibuya Haruki , Ishikawa Atsushi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The rate of entry of Magnaporthe oryzae into Arabidopsis pen2 sobir1 plants was significantly higher than that into pen2 plants. The length of the infection hyphae in pen2 sobir1 plants was significantly longer than that in pen2 plants. These results suggest that SOBIR1 is involved in both penetration and post-penetration resistance to M. oryzae in Arabidopsis.
Precipitation of sword bean proteins by heating and addition of magnesium chloride in a crude extract
Authors: Nishizawa Kaho , Masuda Tetsuya , Takenaka Yasuyuki , Masui Hironori , Tani Fumito , Arii Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) seeds are a traditional food in Asian countries. In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal methods for the precipitation of sword bean proteins useful for the food development. The soaking time for sword beans was determined by comparing it with that for soybeans. Sword bean proteins were extracted from dried seeds in distilled water using novel methods. We found that most proteins could be precipitated by heating the extract at more than 90 °C. Interestingly, adding magnesium chloride to the extract at lower temperatures induced specific precipitation of a single protein with a molecular weight of approximately 48 kDa. The molecular weight and N-terminal sequence of the precipitated protein was identical to that of canavalin. These data suggested that canavalin was precipitated by the addition of magnesium chloride to the extract. Our results provide important insights into the production of processed foods from sword bean.
Synthesis of the (9R,13R)-isomer of LDS1, a flower-inducing oxylipin isolated from Lemna paucicostata
Authors: Takayasu Yuki , Ogura Yusuke , Towada Ryo , Kuwahara Shigefumi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The first synthesis of the (9R,13R)-stereoisomer of LDS1, a flower-inducing oxylipin isolated from Lemna paucicostata, has been achieved from a known allylic alcohol by a seven-step sequence that involves the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination to construct its full carbon framework and an enzymatic hydrolysis of a penultimate methyl ester intermediate to provide the target molecule.
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K3 of the air-kerma standards of the NRC, Canada and the BIPM in medium-energy x-rays
Authors: Burns D T , Kessler C , Mainegra-Hing E , Shen H , McEwen M R 
Published: March 2016

A key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the NRC, Canada and the BIPM in the medium-energy x-ray range. The results show the standards to be in agreement at the level of the standard uncertainty of the comparison of 3.3 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).