bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bulky side chain effect of poly(N‐vinylcarbazole)‐based stacked polymer electrets on device performance parameters of transistor memories
Authors: Li Yabin , Feng Quanyou , Ling Haifeng , Chang Yongzheng , Liu Zhengdong , Liu Hui , Xie Linghai , Yin Chengrong , Yi Mingdong , Huang Wei 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThree poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK)‐based polymer electrets were synthesized through Friedel‐Crafts postfunctionalization for the function of charge storage in nonvolatile organic field effect transistor (OFET) memory devices. The bulky side chain effect of these stacked polymer electrets on the morphology, water contact angles, and memory characteristics were examined with regard to those of precursor PVK. The introduction of steric hindrance groups could interrupt the large length of π‐stacked structures in PVK and block the form of region‐regular structures from region‐random on external electric field. As a result, the memories based on the three modified polymers exhibited approximate memory windows of 32 V increased by 13 V with respect to PVK. Besides, the write‐read‐erase‐read cycles stability of the modified polymers was superior to that of PVK. Furthermore, we found that the holes were mainly located in the region of local π‐stacked structures and bulky π‐conjugated groups also acted as additional electron trapping sites. Molecular engineering of charge trapping site with tunneling polymers will be a promise strategy for the advance of transistor memory. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3554–3564
Design and Synthesis of Powerful Capsule Catalysts Aimed at Applications in C1 Chemistry and Biomass Conversion
Authors: Bao Jun , Tsubaki Noritatsu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTandem catalytic reaction is a promising strategy to improve the utilization efficiency of energy and resources. The conventional hybrid catalysts cannot readily realize the precisely controlled synthesis of target products due to the unrestricted, open reaction environment. Assembling the hybrid catalyst with multiple active sites into core‐shell structured capsule catalyst is one of the most effective ways to enhance the selectivity of desired products during a tandem catalysis process, because the core‐shell structure offers a space‐confined reaction field and synergistic effect. This review describes our recent progresses on the design and synthesis of core‐shell structured zeolite capsule catalysts developed for C1 chemistry and biomass conversion. The various synthesis methods for constructing the well‐defined zeolite capsule catalysts are described in detail. The applications of the capsule catalysts in catalysis, including the middle isoparaffins synthesis from syngas, one‐step synthesis of dimethyl ether, and liquid‐phase tandem reaction of glycerol conversion, are discussed, respectively. Our perspectives regarding the challenges and opportunities for future research in the field are also provided.
Segmental arithmetic: summing up the Hox gene regulatory network for hindbrain development in chordates
Authors: Parker Hugo J. , Krumlauf Robb 
Published: August 2017

Organization and development of the early vertebrate hindbrain are controlled by a cascade of regulatory interactions that govern the process of segmentation and patterning along the anterior–posterior axis via Hox genes. These interactions can be assembled into a gene regulatory network that provides a framework to interpret experimental data, generate hypotheses, and identify gaps in our understanding of the progressive process of hindbrain segmentation. The network can be broadly separated into a series of interconnected programs that govern early signaling, segmental subdivision, secondary signaling, segmentation, and ultimately specification of segmental identity. Hox genes play crucial roles in multiple programs within this network. Furthermore, the network reveals properties and principles that are likely to be general to other complex developmental systems. Data from vertebrate and invertebrate chordate models are shedding light on the origin and diversification of the network. Comprehensive cis‐regulatory analyses of vertebrate Hox gene regulation have enabled powerful cross‐species gene regulatory comparisons. Such an approach in the sea lamprey has revealed that the network mediating segmental Hox expression was present in ancestral vertebrates and has been maintained across diverse vertebrate lineages. Invertebrate chordates lack hindbrain segmentation but exhibit conservation of some aspects of the network, such as a role for retinoic acid in establishing nested Hox expression domains. These comparisons lead to a model in which early vertebrates underwent an elaboration of the network between anterior–posterior patterning and Hox gene expression, leading to the gene‐regulatory programs for segmental subdivision and rhombomeric segmentation. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e286. doi: 10.1002/wdev.286This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development
Comparative Development and Evolution > Body Plan Evolution
Synthesis and Identification of AceDoxyPC, a Protectin‐Containing Structured Phospholipid, Using Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lo Van Amanda , Fourmaux Baptiste , Picq Madeleine , Guichardant Michel , Lagarde Michel , Bernoud‐Hubac Nathalie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFatty acids have many health benefits in a great variety of diseases ranging from cardiovascular to cerebral diseases. For instance, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is highly enriched in brain phospholipids, plays a major role in anti‐inflammatory or neuroprotective pathways. Its effects are thought to be due, in part, to its conversion into derived mediators such as protectins. 1‐Lyso,2‐docosahexaenoyl‐glycerophosphocholine (LysoPtdCho‐DHA) is one of the physiological carrier of DHA to the brain. We previously synthesized a structured phosphatidylcholine to mimic 1‐lyso,2‐docosahexaenoyl‐glycerophosphocholine, named AceDoPC® (1‐acetyl,2‐docosahexaenoyl‐glycerophosphocholine), that is considered as a stabilized form of the physiological LysoPtdCho‐DHA and that is neuroprotective in experimental ischemic stroke. Considering these, the current study aimed at enzymatically oxygenate DHA contained within AceDoPC® to synthesize a readily structured oxidized phospholipid containing protectin DX (PDX), thereafter named AceDoxyPC (1‐acetyl,2‐PDX‐glycerophosphocholine). Identification of this product was performed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Such molecule could be used as a bioactive mediator for therapy against neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.
Risk of Developing Dementia at Older Ages in the United States
Authors: Fishman Ezra 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDementia is increasingly recognized as a major source of disease burden in the United States, yet little research has evaluated the lifecycle implications of dementia. To address this research gap, this article uses the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS) to provide the first nationally representative, longitudinal estimates of the probability that a dementia-free person will develop dementia later in life. For the 1920 birth cohort, the average dementia-free 70-year-old male had an estimated 26.9 % (SE = 3.2 %) probability of developing dementia, and the average dementia-free 70-year-old female had an estimated 34.7 % (SE = 3.7 %) probability. These estimates of risk of dementia are higher for younger, lower-mortality cohorts and are substantially higher than those found in local epidemiological studies in the United States, suggesting a widespread need to prepare for a life stage with dementia.
The number of active trigger points is associated with sensory and emotional aspects of health-related quality of life in tension type headache
Authors: Palacios-Ceña M. , Wang K. , Castaldo M. , Fuensalida-Novo S. , Ordás-Bandera C. , Guillem-Mesado A. , Arendt-Nielsen L. , Fernández-de-las-Peñas C. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Aims
Some evidence supports that referred pain elicited by active trigger points (TrPs) reproduces some features of tension type headache (TTH). Our aim was to investigate the association between the number of active TrPs and health-related quality of life TTH.

Methods
Patients with TTH diagnosed by experienced neurologists according to the last International Headache Classification (ICHD-III) were included. Exclusion criteria included other primary headaches, medication overuse headache, whiplash injury or fibromyalgia. TrPs were bilaterally explored within the masseter, temporalis, trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, and suboccipital. Health-related quality of life was assessed with the SF-36 questionnaire including 8 domains: physical functioning, physical role, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health. Higher scores represent better quality of life. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine correlations between the active TrPs and SF-36.

Results
Two hundred and two patients (mean age: 45±12 years) with a headache frequency of 17±7 days/month participated. Each patient with TTH exhibited 4.7±2.9 active TrPs. The number of active TrPs showed moderate weak negative associations with bodily pain (r
s: −0.216; P =0.002), emotional role (r
s: -0.185; P = 0.008) and vitality (r
s: –0.161; P = 0.02), but not with the remaining domains: the higher the number of active TrPs, the worse the emotional role and vitality and the higher the pain interference with daily life. These results were similar in both frequent episodic and chronic TTH.

Conclusions
The number of active TrPs was associated with sensory and emotional aspects of quality of life in a cohort of subjects with TTH.
Chronic neuropathic pain following oxaliplatin and docetaxel: A 5-year follow-up questionnaire study
Authors: Bennedsgaard K.J. , Ventzel L. , Jensen A.B. , Jensen A.R. , Tankisi H. , Finnerup N.B. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Adjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel and oxaliplatin increases survival in patients with high-risk breast and colorectal cancer, respectively, but may induce acute and chronic neurotoxicity. This study is a 5-year follow-up of chronic chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).

Methods
In 2011–2012, 74 patients with high-risk colorectal cancer and 100 patients with high-risk breast cancer answered a questionnaire before, during and one year after receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and docetaxel, respectively. In 2016, a 5-year follow-up with the same questionnaire was performed in survivors.

Results
Fifty-two (36.5% women) of 74 patients (91%) treated with oxaliplatin and 80 (100% women) of 100 patients (85%) treated with docetaxel answered the questionnaire. The most common symptoms of CIPN were tingling in the hands (44.2% in the oxaliplatin (CI 95% 30.5; 58.7) and 36.3% in the docetaxel group (CI 95% 25.8; 47.8)) and feet (52.0% in the oxaliplatin (CI 95% 37.6; 66.0) and 37.5% (CI 95% 29.9; 49.0) in the docetaxel group) and numbness in the feet (34.6% in the oxaliplatin (CI 95% 22.0; 49.1) and 17.5% (CI 95% 9.9; 27.6) in the docetaxel group). Pain was present in the hands or feet in 28.9% of patients treated with oxaliplatin (CI 95% 17.12; 43.0) and 31.3% of patients treated with docetaxel (CI 95% 21.3; 42.6).

Conclusions
The results showed no major change in symptoms of neuropathy or pain from 1 to 5 years after chemotherapy. Symptoms of neuropathy were more common in patients treated with oxaliplatin.
Expression of α1 adrenergic receptor subtypes by afferent fibers that innervate rat masseter muscle
Authors: Cairns B.E. , Liu J. , Wong H. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Aims
In temporomandibular disorders sufferers, muscle pain is more severe in individuals who have undergone a traumatic stress. Why stress exacerbates masticatory muscle pain in these individuals is not known. One possibility is that under conditions of stress there is an interaction between the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems. This study investigated whether trigeminal ganglion neurons that innervate the masseter muscle express α1 adrenergic receptor subtypes to identify whether a direct interaction between the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems is feasible.

Methods
Masseter muscle ganglion neurons were identified by injection of the fluorescent dye fast blue into the masseter muscle of 4 Sprague Dawley rats (2 male, 2 female). Trigeminal ganglion sections were stained for α1a, α1b or α1d adrenergic receptors, as well as the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TrpV1) receptor. Sections were examined with a Leica confocal microscope. The percent of masseter ganglion neurons expressing each receptor was calculated.

Results
Masseter muscle ganglion neurons expressed α1a(29 ± 9%), α1b (34 ± 4%) and α1d (19 ± 13%) adrenergic receptors. Expression of all three α1 receptor subtypes was higher in female rats than in male rats. Expression of α1b receptors was more commonly found on larger diameter masseter ganglion neurons. Overall 11±3% of masseter ganglion neurons expressed the TrpV1 receptor, which suggests they served a nociceptive function. The TrpV1 receptor was co-expressed by about ~10% of α1a and α1b receptor positive masseter ganglion neurons.

Conclusions
Afferent fibers that innervate the masseter muscle express all three α1 adrenergic receptor subtypes. Agonists at the α1 receptor have been previously shown to depolarize trigeminal ganglion neurons, which suggests that activation of these receptors on masseter muscle afferents would be excitatory. The expression of α1 receptors by putative nociceptors that innervate the masseter may permit a direct interaction between the sensory and sympathetic system that contributes to pain in this muscle.
Social stress, epigenetic changes and pain
Authors: Eriksen M.B. , Jacobsen D.P. , Gjerstad J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Aims
Bullying is a prevalent issue in society, with adverse effects ranging from psychological symptoms to somatic ailments like chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to generate new knowledge about the underlying mechanisms behind this association. Using an animal model, we investigated the changes in microRNA expression in plasma, in the pituitary gland and the adrenal gland following social stress.

Methods
A resident-intruder paradigm where male Sprague Dawley rats (intruders) were exposed to male Long Evans rats (resident) 1 h daily for a week was used. Bodyweight was measured and blood samples were collected throughout the experiment. Changes in plasma microRNA expression was determined by qPCR.

Results
Rats exposed to social stress showed reduced weight gain compared to controls. Preliminary results suggested that social stress increased the plasma expression of miR-146a-5p, miR-30c- 5p and miR-223-3p.

Conclusions
The data showed that social stress gives reduced weight gain and increased expression of several circulating microRNAs. How this affects the development of persistent pain remains to be investigated.
Tramadol in postoperative pain – 1 mg/ml IV gave no pain reduction but more side effects in third molar surgery
Authors: Eriksson L. , Sand L. , Gordh T. , Tegelberg Å. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Aims
Does pre-emptive single dose intravenous tramadol produce a safe and effective postoperative analgesia?

Methods
Randomized, placebo controlled, single blinded clinical trial of pre-emptive intravenous tramadol 1 mg/kg in combination with IV midazolam in patients with dental fear. A “Pain diary” evaluates the efficacy. The safety is evaluated perioperative monitoring (SpO2 and BP).

Results
Pain scored by VAS showed no differences between the groups. It took longer time to first rescue pill in tramadol vs. control group (157 vs. 110 min, p = 0.049). Desaturation (SpO2 < 90%) was more commonly found in tramadol vs. placebo and control (p < 0.01). Increasing systolic blood pressure in the control group. Diastolic blood pressure decrease in tramadol and placebo groups. In the tramadol group, we saw more frequently mild side effects.

Conclusions
Tramadol gave no reduction in postoperative pain but an increased frequency of desaturation and side effects. Other drugs or other doses ought to be tried for this kind of postoperative pain management.
Tempo-spatial discrimination to non-noxious stimuli is better than for noxious stimuli
Authors: Frahm Ken Steffen , Mørch Carsten Dahl , Andersen Ole Kæseler 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Aims
The exteroceptive sensory system is responsible for sensing external stimuli in relation to time and space. The aim of the study was to investigate the tempo-spatial properties of the exteroceptive system using laser heat and mechanical touch stimulation.

Methods
13 healthy subjects were stimulated in the volar forearm. Each subject was stimulated using two paradigms, a continuous stimulation along a continuous line on the skin, and a simultaneous 2-point stimulation. The line stimulations were delivered in both a distal and proximal direction with lengths of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mm. The 2-point stimulations were delivered with a point-to-point distance ranging from 10 to 100 mm, in steps of 10 mm. Both paradigms were delivered using painful heat (laser) stimulation and mechanical (touch) stimulation. Following each stimulation, subjects had to report the intensity (0–10 NRS, 3 being pain threshold) and either direction (line stimuli) or number of perceived points (2-point stimuli).

Results
All four line lengths and both directions were reported correctly for all mechanical line stimulation (an accuracy of 100%). For laser line stimulation the directional discrimination threshold was 68.5 mm and 70.2 mm for distal and proximal directed stimuli, respectively. The 2-point discrimination threshold for heat stimulation (67.9 mm) was higher than for the mechanical stimulation (34.5 mm). NRS was significant higher for laser stimulations than for the mechanical stimulation for both line and 2-point stimulations. NRS increased both with line length and distance between the two points (ANOVA, p < 0.001). The average NRS was 3.15 and 0.91 for laser line and mechanical line stimulations, respectively. For 2-point stimulation the average NRS was 3.72 and 1.06 for laser and mechanical stimulations, respectively.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that the tempo-spatial acuity of the exteroceptive system is lower for noxious stimuli than for innoxious stimuli. This is possible due to the larger receptive fields of nociceptive neurons and/or less lateral inhibition.
Identification of pre-operative of risk factors associated with persistent post-operative pain by self-reporting tools in lower limb amputee patients – A feasibility study
Authors: Houlind M.B. , Rømer H. , Schmelling W. , Palsson T. , Petersen K.K. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Aims
The incidence of persistent post-operative pain (PPP) is 30–85% in lower limb amputee (LLA) patients and identification of preoperative risk factors are warranted. Preoperative levels of anxiety, depression, pain catastrophizing, neuropathic pain and severe preoperative pain have previously been linked with PPP but such screening tools are not used in the clinical hospital setting. The aim of this study was to assess feasibility of using questionnaires for anxiety, depression, pain catastrophizing, neuropathic pain and preoperative pain levels in a clinical preoperative setting.

Methods
Patients scheduled for non-traumatic amputation of the lower leg or femur were recruited from three Danish hospitals. Exclusion criteria were surgery 4-weeks prior to LLA, same leg re-amputation, or inability to participate. Pre-operative values of anxiety, depression and catastrophizing were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety (A) and Depression(D) Scale (HADS) (cutoff: 8) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) (cutoff =32). Neuropathic pain was assessed preoperatively using Pain-Detect-Questionnaire (PD-Q) (cutoff: 19). The maximum preoperative pain intensity was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS; 0: no pain and 10: worst imaginable pain). Scores are presented as median values with interquartile range (Q1–Q3).

Results
Eight of 18 patients (5 females) completed this pilot study: median age 71 (range 56–83), 6 femur and two lower leg amputees. Nine of ten excluded patients were unable to complete the questionnaires and one patient was operated acutely. Median pre-operative HADS-D and -A scores were 7 (3–9, 50% ≥ cutoff) and 4 (1–8, 25% ≥ cutoff), pre-operative PCS score was 24 (18–28, 13% ≥ cutoff), pre-operative PD-Q score was 16 (8–22, 50% ≥ cutoff) and NRS score was 9.5 (8–10).

Conclusions
This study indicates that it is possible to implement preoperative questionnaires in a clinical setting. However, more than 50% of the patients are unable to complete the questionnaires.
Effects of conditioned pain modulation on the withdrawal pattern to nociceptive stimulation in humans – Preliminary results
Authors: Jure F.A. , Arguissain F.G. , Biurrun Manresa J.A. , Andersen O.K. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Aims
Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a paradigm employed to assess descending control of spinal nociception. Previous studies have shown that CPM affects the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) threshold (RTh), typically assessed in one muscle. However, the NWR activates not one but a group of synergistic muscles, which are recruited by common neural commands to achieve the limb withdrawal. In this regard, synergy analysis can provide the minimum coordinated recruitment of groups of muscles with specific activation balances that describe a movement. The aim was to assess how CPM modulate the global withdrawal strategy of the lower limb expressed by synergy analysis.

Methods
Sixteen healthy subjects received electrical stimulation in the arch of the foot at 2 × RTh intensity assessed at the biceps femoris muscle, to elicit the NWR at three time points: before, during and after immersion of the hand in cold water at 2.6 ± 0.4° (cold pressor test, CPT) to trigger CPM. Electromyographic signals (EMG) were recorded from 2 distal muscles (tibialis anterior, soleus) and 2 proximal muscles (biceps femoris, rectus femoris). Muscle synergies were identified by a non-negative matrix factorization algorithm for the EMG envelope in the 60–180 ms post-stimulus interval. Data were analyzed by a point-by-point Wilcoxon test using a permutation strategy.

Results
The overall withdrawal pattern was explained by two main synergies (Syn1 and Syn2). Syn1 mainly contributes to EMG of distal muscles, whereas Syn2 contributes to EMG of proximal muscles. During CPT, the magnitude of Syn2 was reduced in the 160–180ms post-stimulus interval (p < 0.05), whereas no changes were found for Syn1.

Conclusions
At least two synergies are required to explain the NWR. Furthermore, results suggest that CPM might differentially affect proximal and distal muscles. Further analysis is needed to provide additional information about the behavior of the individual muscles.