bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar Sprays to Control Worms in Soybeans, 1995
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Soybeans were drill planted on 15 Jun in a commercial field near Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a 50 ft long by 5 ft wide row, bordered on each side by 1 ft of bare ground. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Treatments were applied with a backpack sprayer using 3 nozzles/row and delivering 18 gpa at 40 psi. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of GCW and CEW in a 15 inch diam sweep sample/plot on 23, 25 and 29 Aug. On 25 Aug, 10 CEW were collected from each replication of the 2 GemStar treatments and the check and maintained in the lab on artificial diet (Stonefly Industries) until 5 Sep. GemStar is a viral insecticide specific for CEW.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides for West Indian Canefly Control, 1995
Authors: Woolwine A. E. , Rodriguez L. M. , Ostheimer E. A. , Reagan T. E. , White W. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three different insecticide treatments were used to control WIC on Little Texas Plantation, Napoleonville, LA. Treatments were randomly assigned to plots (ca. 2-3.5 acres each) according to a RCBD with 4 replications. Plots were treated on 11 Jul, when a heavy field-wide infestation of WIC (Avg = 18 per 3rd leaf below the whorl on 10 Jul) was producing copious amounts of honeydew on which sooty mold was beginning to develop. Treatments were applied using an AG Cat flying swaths of 54 ft delivering 2 gpa finished formulation. On 14, 18 and 26 Jul, the total numbers of WIC and YSA (18 and 26 Jul only) on the 3rd leaf down from the 1st visible dewlap of 20 to 30 plants were recorded.
Sunflower Beetle Larval Control, Langdon, Nd, 1994
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Holen Carlyle 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was established in a commercial sunflower field with approximately 20 SB larvae per plant. Plots were 4-30 inch rows by 25 ft in length. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Insecticides were broadcast at 40 psi in 20 gpa using a hand-held CO2 sprayer. Plots were treated on 2 Jul. Larval counts were collected on 2 and 16 Jul, and whole plant defoliation on 16 Ju. Twenty ft of row were harvested from the center 2 rows of each plot, threshed, cleaned and weighed for yield. Means were compared using LSD.
Apple, Airblast Evaluation Experiment of Acaricides, 1995
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A number of experimental and registered acaricides were evaluated for activity against two phytophagous mites and toxicity to a number of mite natural enemies. The acaricide treatments were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 1 replicate of ‘Golden Delicious’ and 3 replicates of ‘Yorking’. The trees were planted to a spacing of 20 X 20 ft and were 22 yr old. All treatments were applied with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa, driven at 2 mph. Spray dates were 30 Jun all treatments and 13 Jul TD-2365, Agri-Mek and Kelthane treatments. All plots received a regular maintenance schedule of fungicides (Nova 40WP, Penncozeb 80WP, Topsin 85DF and Ziram 76WP) and nutrients (CaCl). Post-bloom insecticides (Guthion 50WP, Swat 8EC) were applied as needed at I - to 2-week intervals beginning at petal-fall in early May. Effect of the treatments on ERM, TSSM and ZM was evaluated by counting the mites at approximately weekly intervals during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. Stethorus was observed by making 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the trees. Russet evaluations were made on Golden Delicious fruits (30 per replicate). The apples were rated as 0 (no russet), 1 (raised lenticels), 2 (1-10% russeted surface), 3 (11-25% russeted surface), 4 (26-50% russeted surface), or 5 (&gt;51% russeted surface). The individual ratings were added to calculate a russet rating for each replicate. Possible ranges for the replicate russet ratings (and estimate of range of percentage of surface russeted) are 0-30 (none to raised lenticels), 31-60 (raised lenticels to 1-10% russeted surface), 61-90 (1-10% to 11-25% russeted surface, 91-120 (11-25% to 26-50% russeted surface), and 121-150 (26-50% to &gt;51% russeted surface).
Aphid and Thrips Control in Georgia Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1994
Authors: Crowe Bert D. , McPherson Robert M. , Taylor J. Delano 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco was transplanted on 24 Mar. at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA. Production practices were used according to Georgia Cooperative Extension Service guidelines and included Tillam and Devrinol for weed control, Ridomil for blue mold, and Nemacur for nematode suppression. Fertilizer (6-6-18) was applied in a split application at a rate of 1000 lb/acre. Plots 3 rows wide (36 inch row spacing) by 20 ft long were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Plots were separated on each side with one untreated border row and on each end with an alley 3 ft wide. On 5 May, 13 insecticide treatments were applied to selected plots using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with three TX-12 nozzles directed over a single row, delivering 28.6 gpa at 40 psi. 14 DAT, the N. g. 5691 and Nicotiana gossei extract treatments were reapplied. The number of live aphids and thrips on plants 2, 4, and 6 of the center row was recorded from each plot prior to treatment (Pre-t), and 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAT. Also on each sampling date the total number of budworms and hornworms was recorded on plants 2-9 on the center row. Plants 2-9 on the center row were harvested on 4 dates from 20 Jun through 7 Jul, and cured. Then they were weighed and graded by USDA graders. Grade indices (from 1-99) were computed based on equivalent goverment grades being of equal value. All data were subjected to ANOVA and Waller-Duncan K-ratio tests (P = 0.05).
Tobacco Aphid Control on Burley Tobacco with Transplant Water and Foliar Treatments, 1995
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Dara Surendra K. , Wilkinson William B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at the VPI & SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Blackstone, VA, to evaluate various insecticides applied as foliar and transplant water (TPW) treatments for control of TA on burley tobacco. Tobacco ‘Tennessee 90’ was transplanted into experimental plots on 23 May. Nine treatments and an untreated control were established in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plots, 4 X 40 ft (1 row X 24 plants), were separated by single untreated guard rows. Transplant water treatments were applied around each plant at 4 fl oz solution/plant (204 gal/acre) using a measuring cup and bucket. Foliar treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 28 gal/acre at 60 psi through 3 TX-12 nozzles/row on 3 Jul. Temperatures ranged from 85-88 °F during application. TA counts were made on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants per plot before treatment and at 3, 7, 14 and 21 DAT. Except for insect control, burley tobacco production methods including transplanting, fertilization, topping, sucker control, and herbicide and fungicide applications followed recommendations by the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated WD test (K-ratio = 100). TA count data were transformed to Log10(X+l) before analysis. Actual means are presented in the table.
Control of Tobacco Aphid in Tennessee Burley Tobacco, 1995
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Burgess E. E. , Roberts C. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seven foliar and 2 granular insecticides were evaluated at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville. Burley tobacco ‘TN 90’ was transplanted with no transplant solution insecticide in the setter water on 17 May. Plots were 20 ft X 4 rows spaced 40 inches apart and plants were spaced 18 inches within rows. Four randomized complete blocks were separated by 5 ft alleys. Soil was Hermitage silt loam with 2-5% slope, pH 6.0. Foliar treatments were applied on 28 Jun when at least 50 aphids infested an upper leaf of 10% of the plants. Sprays were applied using a 2.5 gal compressed CO2 sprayers at 38 gpa and tank pressure of 40 psi. Granular insecticide treatments were applied at layby as a sidedress on 6 Jul using shaker jars and worked into soil on both sides of treatment rows. The number of live aphids on the 4 uppermost leaves was recorded on 6 Jul. Aphid ratings ranged from 0 (no evident live aphids) to 5 (heavy populations with necrosis of lower leaf bases and were recorded on 13, 20, 26 Jul. All data were subjected to ANOVA.
Foliar Sprays to Control Insects in Wheat, 1995
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Wheat was planted on 2 Nov, 1994, at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Plots were 25 ft long by 5 ft wide, with 7 inch spacing between rows. Each plot was separated from each other by 3 ft of bare ground and replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Insect pressure from all species was low this year. Treatments were applied on 5 May using a propane compressed gas backpack sprayer with a 3 flat fan nozzle boom which delivered 20 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of insects present on 6 ft of row. EGA was the dominant aphid species with low numbers of BCOA present. Numbers of both species were analyzed together as a complex.
Control of Grasshopper Spp. in Seedling Winter Wheat Using a Systemic Seed Treatment, 1995
Authors: Blodgett S. L. , Johnson G. D. , McLendon M. E. , Wichman D. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Gaucho 480 (imidacloprid) was applied as a seed treatment at 2, 3, and 4 oz/cwt rates and evaluated for control of grasshopper damage in winter wheat. Additionally, all seed was treated with RTU-Vitavax-Thiram at 6oz/cwt. Gaucho treated seed was planted at 55 lb/acre rate in a RCB design with 4 row plots (12 inch spacing) by 35 ft on 15 Sep at the MSU-Central Agricultural Research Center, Moccasin, MT. Treatments were replicated 6 times. Grasshopper populations in the area adjacent to the test area were estimated to be 10 grasshoppers per ft2. Number of plants and number of grasshopper-damaged plants per row ft were recorded and data was expressed as percent damaged plants. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and means separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Control of Fungus Gnats in Greenhouse Grown Plants, 1995
Authors: Smifley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Bachelor buttons grown in 6 inch clay pots at the Pesticide Research Center greenhouses on the MSU campus were used for this test. Each treatment was replicated 6 times with each replication consisting of a single plant. Marathon and Oxamyl were applied with a hand-held shaker according to the rate per pot on the label. Each pot received 100 ml of irrigation after treatment. The Dycarb was applied as a drench; 250 ml of solution to each pot. All other treatments were applied at a rate of 200 gal of spray solution per acre. Each pot received 3.5 ml of finished spray to the soil surface, followed with 100 ml of irrigation. All of the above treatments were applied on 16 Jun. Precounts were taken on 14 Jun and post spray evaluations were made on 23 Jun and 30 Jun. To monitor the larvae two 1/2 inch-diameter, 3/4 inch-long slices of potato were cut using a large cork borer and placed into the pots 1/2 inch deep in the soil. After 2 days the potato slices were removed along with about 0.7-1.0 g (1 ml) of soil from beneath the potato. The soil and potato slices were placed in a 2 oz plastic cup and brought back to the lab where 20% ethanol extractions were performed using a Buchner funnel. Live larvae were counted under a dissecting microscope, both from the potato and the soil.
Black Cutworm and Sod Webworm Larval Control on Short Cut Bentgrass, Columbus, OH, 1995
Authors: Shetlar D. J. , Power K. T. , Belcher M. , Niemczyk H. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on the Ohio State University Turfgrass Research Facility. Insecticides were applied on 31 Aug to plots 4 X 5 ft arranged in a RCB, replicated 3 times, with the blocks separated by 4 ft. Liquid treatments were applied using a CO2 sprayer with TeeJer™ 8006VS nozzles at 19 psi pressure that delivered a volume of 1.0 gal/1000 ft2. Granular treatments were applied using a drop spreader calibrated for each product. Sprays were not irrigated after application. Granular treatments received 3 gal/plot irrigation. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were as follows: Turf: level, moderately dense, 3/16 (5 mm) height, light dew present; Thatch: loose, moist, ¼inch or less. Soil: moist 78°F at 1.0 inch, 74°F at 3.0 inch, clay loam; Weather: mostly sunny, 84 to 88°F, 0 to 12 mph wind. Efficacy data taken 7 Sep (7 DAT) were based on the number of BCW and SWW larvae flushed to the surface in a 1.0 yd2 area using a soap irritant drench of 15 ml Joy™ dishwashing detergent in 2.0 gal water.
Control of Black Turfgrass Ataenius, Nh, 1994
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on a golf course fairway in Moultonboro, NH. Plots were 10 X 100 ft, replicated 4 times. Treatments were timed to coincide as close as possible with first adult emergence. Adults were first seen 22 May and treatments were applied 26 May. The second application of Dursban was applied on 9 Jun, 2 weeks later. Treatments were applied with a Chempro hydraulic sprayer and a walking boom in 1.5 gal water/1000 ft2. After treatment, all plots were irrigated with 0.5 inch water. Plots were rated on 14 Jul by counting the number of live grubs in two 0.35 ft2 plugs per plot. Conditions at the time of treatment on 26 May were: air temperature 50°F; wind, 2 MPH; sky, cloudy; soil temperature, 1 inch 51°F; thatch depth, 0.5 inch; soil pH, 5.9; slope, 0%; soil texture, loam, 50% sand, 40% silt, 10% clay; soil organic matter, 9.7%; soil moisture, 30.1%.
Apple, Secondary Pest Evaluation, 1995
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental and registered insecticides and acaricides were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of ‘Golden Delicious’ and 2 replicates of ‘Yorking’. Treated single trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides and/or acaricides. The trees were 11 yr old and planted at a spacing of 20 X 30 ft. The CGA-215944 treatments were applied with a handgun at 400 psi on a truck mounted sprayer equipped with Kohler 23 gpm pump. All other treatments were applied with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer calibrated to deliver 80 GPA at 2.0 mph for a complete spray. Dates of applications for the treatments were: 17 May (all airblast treatments), 13 Jun (CGA and Provado treatments only), 28 Jun (CGA treatments only) and 26 Jul (Omite and Vydate treatments). All plots received a regular fungicide maintenance schedule of Benlate 50DF, Dithane 75DF, Nova 40WP and Ziram 76WP and the insecticide Imidan 70WP. All maintenance materials were applied using the alternate row middle method. The effect of the sprays on WALH was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs/25 injured leaves/tree. Effectiveness on SA was evaluated by counting the number of aphid-infested leaves/10 top terminals and the number of aphids/most infested leaf. Effectiveness of the test chemicals on ERM and ZM was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 random leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. The predator Stethorus was evaluated by making 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the trees. STLM was evaluated by a 5-min count of tissue-feeding mines around the periphery of the trees at the end of each generation. On 8 Jun, only spur leaves were examined, on 25 Jul and 18 Aug only shoot leaves were examined for mines. Russet evaluations were made on Golden Delicious fruits (30 per replicate). Each replicate (2) was rated as 0 (no russet), 1 (raised lenticels), 2 (1-10% russeted surface), 3 (11-25% russeted surface), 4 (26-50% russeted surface), or 5 (&gt;51% russeted surface). The individual ratings were added to calculate a russet rating for each replicate. Possible ranges for the replicate russet ratings (and estimate of range of percentage of surface russeted) are 0-30 (none to raised lenticels), 31-60 (raised lenticels to 1-10% russeted surface), 61-90 (1-10% to 11-25% russeted surface), 91-120 (11-25% to 26-50% russeted surface), and 121-150 (26-50% to &gt;51% russeted surface).
Japanese Beetle Larval Control With Bifentrhin and B.T. Var. Japonica, 1995
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Thirteen treatments were applied to a golf course fairway in Ossippee, NH for Japanese Beetle control, Plots were 7 X 7 ft, replicated 4 times, in a RCB design. Treatments were applied 15 Aug and rated 24 Sep. Granules were applied with a salt shaker and sprays with a CO2 boom sprayer, 8004 nozzles, at 40 PSI, in 2 gal water per 1000 ft2. Plots were rated by counting the number of live larvae in 2 ft2. Pretreatment density was 18.8 larvae per ft2. Larvae were 91% second and 9% third instar. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temperature, 69.8°F; wind, 2 mph; sky, cloudy, light showers; soil temperature, 1 inch; 76.6°F; thatch depth, 0.5 inch; soil pH, 5.6; slope, 2%; soil texture, sandy loam; sand 58%, silt 23%, clay 19%; soil organic matter, 6.4%; soil moisture, 13.6%; post treatment precipitation, 0.2 inch immediately, irrigation every other day.
Evaluation of Merit and Tempo as a Preventative Treatment to Control Black Cutworm (Bcw) on Golf Course Greens, Wv, 1995
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. , Farren James C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Merit 75W and Tempo 20W were compared as side by side treatments on whole greens with ½ half of a green being a replicate of each treatment. Treatments were applied 23 May, replicated 4 times; there was no untreated control. Compounds were applied with a Cushman Turfmaster 125 sprayer and watered in with the same sprayer at 120 gal/acre. Water pH was 8.33. Environmental conditions at start (8:35 am) and finish (11:30 am) of treatment applications were, respectively: air temperature, 23.5°C and 32.5°C; RH, 43% and 54%; sky clear; soil temperature (surface), 25.5°C and 33.5°C, (1 inch) 25.5°C and 29°C; soil very moist. Efficacy was evaluated on 31 Jul (69 DAT) by treating entire greens with Tempo 2 at the rate of 0.04 lb (AI)/acre, syringing the green 8-10 min and counting the no. of cutworms flushed to the surface in a sample area of 4 m2. Two areas were sampled on each treated half of each green. Within these sample areas, the no. of obvious cutworm feeding holes were also counted.
Management of Japanese Beetle Grubs With Experimental Mycogen Formulations on a Golf Course Fairway in Centre County, Pennsylvania, 1995
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (30%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (30%). Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 1021 ml of water/54 ft2 or delivering 5 gal/1,000 ft2. At treatment time (16 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 79°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 84°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 84°F; RH, 79%; amount of thatch, 0.375-0.5 inches; soil type, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 55.9% sand, 32.6% silt, 11.4% clay; organic matter, 7.9%; soil oven dry weight, 36.4; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 7.7; treatment time, early-morning; and clear skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.225 inch of water. Posttreatment counts were completed on 16 Sep. Three ft2 sod samples were taken from each replicate, and the total number of viable Japanese beetle grubs/ft2 by instar was recorded.
Fall Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs With Dursban Pro, Talstar F, and Experimental Formulations on a Golf Course Fairway in Lewistown, Pennsylvania, 1995
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (20%). Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 1021 ml of water/54 ft2 or delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (29 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 80°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 80°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 79°F; RH, 75.0%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.50 inches; soil textural class, loam; soil particle size analysis: % sand, 44.4; % silt, 34.6; % clay, 21.0; organic matter, 4.6%; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 20.9; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 4.7; application time, mid-morning; and skies partly cloudy. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 41d later (9 Oct). Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs ft2 was recorded.
Control of Sod Webworm on A Kentucky Bluegrass Lawn in Scotts Bluff Co., Nebraska, 1995
Authors: Baxendale F. P. , Weinhold A. P. , Schild J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for control of sod webworm larvae on a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the Gering Cemetery, in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska. The turf (80% Kentucky bluegrass, 20% perennial rye and tall fescue) was maintained at a mowing height of 2.5 inches. Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 0.25 inches. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silt loam; soil organic matter, 1%; soil pH, 8.0. Weather conditions at the time of treatment were as follows: soil moisture 16%; air temperature 56°F; soil temperature 62°F; relative humidity 74%; wind direction and velocity 136° at 10 mph. Plots were 10 X 10 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 11 May 1995. Liquid insecticides were applied using a CO2 sprayer with an LF–4 nozzle at 30 psi and delivering 3 gal finished spray/1000 ft2. Following applications, plots were irrigated with 0.125 inches of water. A total of 0.52 inches of rain fell during the post treatment period. Treatments were evaluated 4 and 7 DAT (15 and 18 May) by mixing 0.5 oz of Lemon Dawn® per gal of water and applying one gal of the dilution to each of two 6 ft sampling areas per plot (12.0 ft2 total area). Larvae that moved to the grass surface were collected and counted after twenty minutes.