bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of in-field motion capture approaches for body kinematics measurement in construction
Authors: Seo JoonOh , Alwasel Abdullatif , Lee SangHyun , Abdel-Rahman Eihab M. , Haas Carl 
Published: December 2017

SummaryDue to physically demanding tasks in construction, workers are exposed to significant safety and health risks. Measuring and evaluating body kinematics while performing tasks helps to identify the fundamental causes of excessive physical demands, enabling practitioners to implement appropriate interventions to reduce them. Recently, non-invasive or minimally invasive motion capture approaches such as vision-based motion capture systems and angular measurement sensors have emerged, which can be used for in-field kinematics measurements, minimally interfering with on-going work. Given that these approaches have pros and cons for kinematic measurement due to adopted sensors and algorithms, an in-depth understanding of the performance of each approach will support better decisions for their adoption in construction. With this background, the authors evaluate the performance of vision-based (RGB-D sensor-, stereovision camera-, and multiple camera-based) and an angular measurement sensor-based (i.e., an optical encoder) approach to measure body angles through experimental testing. Specifically, measured body angles from these approaches were compared with the ones obtained from a marker-based motion capture system that has less than 0.1 mm of errors. The results showed that vision-based approaches have about 5–10 degrees of error in body angles, while an angular measurement sensor-based approach measured body angles with about 3 degrees of error during diverse tasks. The results indicate that, in general, these approaches can be applicable for diverse ergonomic methods to identify potential safety and health risks, such as rough postural assessment, time and motion study or trajectory analysis where some errors in motion data would not significantly sacrifice their reliability. Combined with relatively accurate angular measurement sensors, vision-based motion capture approaches also have great potential to enable us to perform in-depth physical demand analysis such as biomechanical analysis that requires full-body motion data, even though further improvement of accuracy is necessary. Additionally, understanding of body kinematics of workers would enable ergonomic mechanical design for automated machines and assistive robots that helps to reduce physical demands while supporting workers' capabilities.
ANALYSIS OF DUPLICATION AND TIMING OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENTS ON MEDICAL DEVICES IN EUROPE
Authors: Hawlik Katharina , Rummel Patrick , Wild Claudia 
Published: December 2017

Objectives: Strengthening efforts toward better collaboration plays a pivotal role in the assessment of medical devices to reduce overlap and save resources. This study explored the level of duplication in health technology assessments (HTA) of medical devices in Europe and their respective timing in order to identify areas for better collaboration.Methods: An analysis of European HTA reports of medical devices regarding overlaps in topics and timing in relation to market authorization was performed. We conducted a systematic search in the ADVANCE, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Syngerus, and POP databases, complemented by hand searching, to identify HTA reports published between 01/2003 and 07/2016 for a preselected cohort group of ten technologies. We analyzed the number of annual assessments per technology and evaluated activity patterns and timing in undertaking the HTA of the different institutes in Europe.Results: The results revealed the amount of duplication in the European HTA production: the number of reports per technology ranged from minimum seven to maximum twenty-two over a time-span of 13.5 years. HTA institutes perform assessments at a similar time range within 5 to 10 years following market authorization. The timing of the initial assessment in relation to the granting of the CE-mark varies according to the particular technology.Conclusion: The findings suggest that efficient collaboration may help to save scarce resources and time of HTA institutes in Europe. Efficient collaboration as such needs to shift the focus beyond the time span of 1 year, and build on each's others work from previous assessments.
COST ANALYSIS OF PERIPHERALLY INSERTED CENTRAL CATHETER IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: Dong Zhaoxin , Connolly Bairbre L. , Ungar Wendy J. , Coyte Peter C. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose: A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is a useful option in providing secure venous access, which enables patients to be discharged earlier with the provision of home care. The objective was to identify the costs associated with having a PICC from a societal perspective, and to identify factors that are associated with total PICC costs.Methods: Data were obtained from a retrospective cohort of 469 hospitalized pediatric patients with PICCs inserted. Both direct and indirect costs were estimated from a societal perspective. Insertion costs, complication costs, nurse and physician assessment costs, inpatient ward costs, catheter removal costs, home care costs, travel costs, and the cost associated with productivity losses incurred by parents were included in this study.Results: Based on catheter dwell time, the median total cost associated with a PICC per patient per day (including inpatient hospital costs) was $3,133.5 ($2,210.7–$9,627.0) in 2017 Canadian dollars ($1.00USD = $1.25CAD in 2017). The adjusted mean cost per patient per day was $2,648.2 ($2,402.4–$2,920.4). Excluding inpatient ward costs, the median total and adjusted costs per patient per day were $198.8 ($91.8–$2,475.8) and $362.7($341.0–$386.0), respectively. Younger age, occurrence of complications, more catheter dwell days, wards with more intensive care, and the absence of home care were significant factors associated with higher total PICC costs.Conclusions: This study has demonstrated the costs associated with PICCs. This information may be helpful for healthcare providers to understand PICC related cost in children and resource implications.
A LIMITED DEFENSE OF WHAT SOME WILL REGARD AS ENTRAPMENT
Authors: Lippke Richard L. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper defends pro-active policing measures that offer reasonable assurance that the authorities will elicit crimes from citizens that would likely have occurred anyway. Such pro-active measures generally should be directed only at citizens who the authorities can demonstrate to a court have active intentions to commit crimes, must mimic the kinds of opportunities already available to targeted citizens, must be abandoned if the citizens to whom they are offered appear to renounce their criminal intentions, and must be a last resort. They should also be focused on the prevention of serious harm rather than vice crime. Pressuring targeted citizens to accept the opportunities presented to them should be prohibited. When government officials exceed the remit of their pro-active policing warrants, the remedy should be the dismissal of all charges stemming from their overreach.
The failure of rodent carcinogenesis as a model for Man
Authors: Berry Colin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the process of carcinogenesis in Man have required revision of our thinking about the classical initiation/promotion sequence; understanding must now encompass the roles of both genetic and epigenetic change, realisation of the importance of the variable genetic backgrounds of the tumour bearers in any group and an understanding of the importance of random genetic events over time. The behavior of tumours, once established, is more complex than has been thought. Current views of the processes involved are not modelled in toxicity testing programmes.
Optimal layout of wind farm for lightning protection based on lightning leader development model
Authors: Zhang Wenfang , Zhang Li , Cui Jingxian , Wang Guozheng , Zhao Tong , Zou Liang , Wang Xinghua 
Published: December 2017

Wind turbine blades suffering from lightning strikes has been an urgent problem to be solved for large‐scale wind farms. However, the existing analysis method for lightning protection is inapplicable to the complex mechanical structure and rotation characteristics of the blade. In addition, research on lightning protection of large‐scale wind farm is insufficient. In this study, the electrical geometric analysis model for wind turbine blade is proposed based on the traditional electrical geometric method and the physical process of lightning leader development. The meaning of striking distance is clarified by introducing the concept of dynamic striking distance of wind turbine blade. The lightning shielding between wind turbines in a large‐scale wind farm is studied based on the new electrical geometric model of wind turbine blade. Reference for the layout distance between two wind turbines is given from the perspective of lightning protection. The layout distance in the vertical direction of prevailing wind for the 1.5 MW typical wind turbine shall be 4–6 times the length of the blade. The proposed method of lightning protection for wind turbine blades can be applied to a large‐scale wind farm, which provides theoretical guidance for the optimal layout of wind farm and has a certain guiding significance for large scale development of wind power industry in China.
Ictal-Interictal Continuum: When to Worry About the Continuous Electroencephalography Pattern
Authors: Cormier Justine , Maciel Carolina , Gilmore Emily 
Published: December 2017

AbstractContinuous electroencephalography (cEEG) monitoring is an invaluable tool in the evaluation of encephalopathy and coma in critically ill patients. Marked increases in cEEG monitoring, coinciding with several societal guideline statements in the last decade, have allowed earlier detection and treatment of clearly harmful patterns, including nonconvulsive seizures (NCSz) and nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). However, it has also unmasked a range of EEG patterns of less clear clinical significance, with some more “malignant” than others given their potential association with increased neuronal stress and secondary brain injury. These patterns lay on a spectrum often referred to as the ictal-interictal continuum (IIC). To date, no definitive guidelines exist for the management of these potentially harmful EEG patterns, thus presenting a clinical dilemma for critical care physicians. Here, we review the various IIC patterns, their associated features, seizure risk, and outcomes and also propose a clinical approach to management based on the available data and expert opinion.
Autoimmune Encephalitis in Critical Care: Optimizing Immunosuppression
Authors: Rubin Daniel , Batra Ayush , Vodopivec Ivana , Vaitkevicius Henrikas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAutoimmune diseases affecting the nervous systems are a common cause of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Although there exist several well-described clinical syndromes, patients more commonly present with progressive neurologic dysfunction and laboratory and radiographic evidence of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. In the critical care setting, the urgency to intervene to prevent permanent damage to the nervous system and secondary injury from the systemic manifestations of these syndromes often conflicts with diagnostic uncertainty. Furthermore, treatment is limited by current therapeutic agents that remain non-specific for individual diseases, especially for those whose pathophysiology remains unclear. Primary autoimmune, paraneoplastic, parainfectious, and iatrogenic neurologic disorders all share the common underlying pathophysiology of an adaptive immune response directed against an antigen within the nervous system. Several different mechanisms of immune dysfunction are responsible for pathogenesis within each of these categories of disease, and it is at this level of pathophysiology that the most effective and appropriate therapeutic decisions are made. In this review, we outline the basic diagnostic and therapeutic principles in the management of autoimmune diseases of the nervous system in the ICU. We approach these disorders not as lists of distinct clinical syndromes or molecular targets of autoimmunity but rather as clusters of syndromes based on these common underlying mechanisms of immune dysfunction. This approach emphasizes early intervention over precise diagnosis. As our understanding of the immune system continues to grow, this framework will allow for a more sophisticated approach to the management of patients with these complex, often devastating but frequently reversible, neurologic illnesses.
Aneurysm of the Fenestrated Basilar Artery: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Valsechi Linoel , Meguins Lucas , Maia Isabela , Fares Adil , Taffarel Diogo , Hidalgo Raquel 
Published: December 2017

Introduction Aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar junction are rare, but when present, they are often associated with fenestration of the basilar artery. Frequently, the endovascular treatment is the first choice due to the complex anatomy of the posterior fossa, which represents a challenge for the open surgical treatment alternative.
Case Report A 47-year-old man was admitted to the emergency unit with headache, diplopia, neck pain and mental confusion. The neurological exam showed: score of 15 in the Glasgow coma scale (GCS), no motor or sensitivity deficit, palsy of the left sixth cranial nerve and Hunt-Hess grade III. The computed tomography (CT) scan showed subarachnoid hemorrhage (Fisher III) and hydrocephalus. The patient was submitted to ventricular-peritoneal shunt. A diagnostic angiography was performed with 3D reconstruction, which showed evidence of fenestration of the basilar artery associated with aneurysm in the right vertebrobasilar portion. An aneurysm coil embolization was performed without complications. The patient was discharged 19 days later maintaining diplopia, with paralysis of the left sixth cranial nerve, but without any other complaints or neurological symptoms.
Discussion Fenestration of the basilar artery occurs due to failure of fusion of the longitudinal neural arteries in the embryonic period, and it is associated with the formation of aneurysms. The endovascular treatment is the first choice and several techniques are described, including simple coiling, balloon remodeling, stent-assisted coiling, liquid embolic agents and flow diversion devices. The three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA) is an extremely helpful tool when planning the best treatment course.
Conclusion Fenestrated basilar artery aneurysms are rare and complex vascular diseases and their treatment improved with the advent of the 3D angiography and the development of the endovascular techniques.
Homeopathic Medicines and Pancreatic Pathology
Authors: Hossain Azmal 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this article, homeopathic medicines are used to treat a space-occupying lesion and calcifying pancreatitis with calculus. In such deep-seated pathology, low potency medicines produce the desired result and avoid the need for surgery. Wide clinical trials show that some homeopathic medicines are very useful in the treatment of such chronic diseases.
Comparison of Tissue Stiffness Using Shear Wave Elastography in Men with Normal Testicular Tissue, Testicular Microlithiasis and Testicular Cancer
Authors: Pedersen Malene , Møller Henrik , Osther Palle , Vedsted Peter , Holst René , Rafaelsen Søren 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Objectives To compare elastography measurements in men with normal testicular tissue, testicular microlithiasis and testicular cancer.
Methods A total of 248 consecutive patients were included. All men provided written informed consent. Testicular stiffness was assessed using shear wave elastography (SWE). Three SWE velocity measurements were assessed in each testicle. The patients were divided into three groups; men with normal testicular tissue (n=130), men with testicular microlithiasis (n=99) and men with testicular cancer (n=19).
Results We found a higher mean velocity in the group of patients with testicular cancer (1.92 m/s (95% CI 1.82–2.03)) compared to both the group with normal tissue (0.76 m/s (95% CI: 0.75–0.78)) (p<0.001) and the group with testicular microlithiasis 0.79 m/s (95% CI: 0.77–0.81) (p<0.001).
Conclusion The presence of testicular microlithiasis increased stiffness slightly, but within the range of variation in normal testicles. Increased stiffness may indicate testicular malignancy in testicular lesions. Ultrasound elastography could be a very useful tool when investigating scrotum.
Die Entwicklung Interaktionsbezogener Fallarbeit (IFA) im Osten Deutschlands – eine Geschichte besonderer Beziehungen zwischen Ärzten und Psychologen mit Auswirkungen
Authors: Grünbaum Johannes 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungBedeutung der Balint-Arbeit und der Erfahrungen mit der dynamischen Gruppenpsychotherapie in der DDR für die Entwicklung eines eigenständigen IFA-Konzeptes der Verhaltenstherapeuten. Auswirkung der Bewegungen der „dritten Welle“ der Verhaltenstherapie. Perspektiven der weiteren Zusammenarbeit mit Vertretern der Balint-Gesellschaft.
Rezidiv und Stabilität nach transversaler Erweiterung der Zahnbögen – eine retrospektiv-longitudinale Studie
Authors: Rudzki Ingrid , Klein Ursula , Kirschneck Christian 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungTransversale, dento-alveoläre Expansionen von Zahnbögen werden im klinischen Alltag häufig durchgeführt, ohne deren langfristige Stabilität (Dauererfolg) zu berücksichtigen. In einer retrospektiv-longitudinalen Studie wurde daher das Ausmaß transversaler, dento-alveolärer Veränderungen während und nach herausnehmbarer Therapie mit aktiven „Dehnplatten“ bei 107 Patienten im Wechselgebiss und jungen bleibenden Gebiss untersucht, die eine optimale Mitarbeit erreichten (Tragezeit 10–16 Stunden/Tag). Kieferorthopädische Modellserien von Anfangs- (AM) und Schlussbefund nach Retention (SM) sowie ein Kontrollbefund (KM) 0,6–6,2 Jahre post retentionem ermöglichten eine Beurteilung des Rezidivs bzw. der langfristigen Stabilität transversaler Dehnungen, welche als interkanine Distanz (ICD-OK/UK), anteriore (4±4) und posteriore (6±6) Zahnbogenbreite quantifiziert wurden. Im oberen Zahnbogen blieben im Mittel 76% (2,2 mm, ICD-OK), 55% (1,4 mm, 4+4) bzw. 56% (1,8 mm, 6+6) der transversalen Erweiterung langzeitstabil, während im unteren Zahnbogen bezüglich der ICD-UK ein Totalrezidiv eintrat mit einem posterioren „Dauererfolg“ von 40% (0,8 mm, 4-4) bzw. 66% (2,1 mm, 6-6). Ein initialer „Schmalkiefer“, früher Therapiebeginn sowie eine Prämolaren-Extraktion (ICD-OK) bzw. ein initialer Engstand (ICD-UK) wirkten sich dabei positiv auf den „Dauererfolg“ aus. Mit Ausnahme der ICD-UK können dento-alveoläre transversale Erweiterungen demnach relativ erfolgreich durchgeführt werden, jedoch bei limitierter Langzeitstabilität.
Sinn oder Unsinn von transdermalem Magnesium
Authors: Vormann Jürgen , Weidner Michael , Werner Tanja 
Published: December 2017

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSeit einigen Jahren wird die äußerliche Anwendung von Magnesium zur Behandlung von Magnesiummangel und Muskelkrämpfen beworben. Seriöse Studien konnten jedoch keine transdermale Aufnahme des essenziellen Mineralstoffs aus magnesiumreichem Badewasser oder Lotionen nachweisen. Demgegenüber ist die orale Magnesiumsupplementierung in Therapie und Prophylaxe wissenschaftlich gesichert und anerkannt. Der rechtliche Status transdermaler Magnesiumprodukte ist ungeklärt.
The first vampire films in America
Authors: Rhodes Gary D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHorror film scholarship has generally suggested that the supernatural vampire either did not appear onscreen during the early cinema period, or that it appeared only once, in Georges Méliès’ Le manoir du diable/The Devil’s Castle (1896). By making rigorous use of archival materials, this essay tests those assumptions and determines them to be incorrect, while at the same time acknowledging the ambiguity of vampires and early cinema, both being prone to misreadings and misunderstandings. Between 1895 and 1915, moving pictures underwent major evolutions that transformed their narrative codes of intelligibility. During the same years, the subject of vampirism also experienced great change, with the supernatural characters of folklore largely dislocated by the non-supernatural “vamps” of popular culture. In an effort to reconcile the onscreen ambiguities, this paper adopts a New Film History methodology to examine four early films distributed in America, showing how characters in two of them—Le manoir du diable and La légende du fantôme/Legend of a Ghost (Pathé Frères, 1908) have in different eras been mistakenly read as supernatural vampires, as well as how a third—The Vampire, a little-known chapter of the serial The Exploits of Elaine (Pathé, 1915)—invoked supernatural vampirism, but only as a metaphor. The paper concludes by analyzing Loïe Fuller (Pathé Frères, 1905), the only film of the era that seems to have depicted a supernatural vampire. Revising the early history of vampires onscreen brings renewed focus to the intrinsic similarities between the supernatural creatures and the cinema.
Structure and biological activity of endogenous and synthetic agonists of GPR119
Authors: Tyurenkov Ivan N. , Ozerov Alexander A. , Kurkin Denis V. , Logvinova Ekaterina O. , Bakulin Dmitry A. , Volotova Elena V. , Borodin Dmitry D. 
Published: December 2017

A G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR119, is a promising pharmacological target for a new class of hypoglycaemic drugs with an original mechanism of action, namely, increase in the glucose-dependent incretin and insulin secretion. In 2005, the first ligands were found and in the subsequent years, a large number of GPR119 agonists were synthesized in laboratories in various countries; the safest and most promising agonists have entered phase I and II clinical trials as agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. The review describes the major endogenous GPR119 agonists and the main trends in the design and modification of synthetic structures for increasing the hypoglycaemic activity. The data on synthetic agonists are arranged according to the type of the central core of the molecules.The bibliography includes 104 references.
18F-Labelled catecholamine type radiopharmaceuticals in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and neuroendocrine tumours: approaches to synthesis and development prospects
Authors: Vatsadze Sergey Z. , Eremina Olga E. , Veselova Irina A. , Kalmykov Stepan N. , Nenajdenko Valentin G. 
Published: December 2017

The pathogenesis of many socially significant diseases such as neurodegenerative dementias and neuroendocrine tumours involves imbalance of neurotransmitters. Among the known neuroimaging methods, positron emission tomography (PET) is the most perfect and informative technique for diagnosing these diseases. The potential of PET is largely determined by the inventory of available radiopharmaceuticals, that is, biologically active molecules containing short-lived nuclides with positron decay. This review gives a systematic account of the application of fluorine-18-labelled catecholamine type radiopharmaceuticals in clinical investigations of the sympathetic and central nervous systems. The methods for the synthesis of these agents and existing problems are considered. The material is arranged according to the mechanisms of reactions that underlie the synthetic approaches: electrophilic, nucleophilic and metal-catalyzed reactions.The bibliography includes 198 references.