bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic reticulum‐associated N‐glycan degradation of cold‐upregulated glycoproteins in response to chilling stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ma Jun , Wang Dinghe , She Jessica , Li Jianming , Zhu Jian‐Kang , She Yi‐Min 
Published: May 2016

Summary

N‐glycosylation has a great impact on glycoprotein structure, conformation, stability, solubility, immunogenicity and enzyme activity. Structural characterization of N‐glycoproteome has been challenging but can provide insights into the extent of protein folding and surface topology. We describe a highly sensitive proteomics method for large‐scale identification and quantification of glycoproteins in Arabidopsis through 15N‐metabolic labeling, selective enrichment of glycopeptides, data‐dependent MS/MS analysis and automated database searching.

In‐house databases of Arabidopsis glycoproteins and glycopeptides containing Asn‐X‐Ser/Thr/Cys motifs were constructed by reducing 20% and 90% of the public database size, respectively, to enable a rapid analysis of large datasets for comprehensive identification and quantification of glycoproteins and heterogeneous N‐glycans in a complex mixture.

Proteome‐wide analysis identified c. 100 stress‐related N‐glycoproteins, of which the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins were examined to be up‐regulated. Quantitative measurements provided a molecular signature specific to glycoproteins for determining the degree of plant stress at low temperature.

Structural N‐glycoproteomics following time‐course cold treatments revealed the stress‐responsive degradation of high‐mannose type N‐glycans in ER in response to chilling stress, which may aid in elucidating the cellular mechanisms of protein relocation, transport, trafficking, misfolding and degradation under stress conditions.
High glucose‐induced oxidative stress increases IL‐8 production in human gingival epithelial cells
Authors: Kashiwagi Y , Takedachi M , Mori K , Kubota M , Yamada S , Kitamura M , Murakami S 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveDiabetes is often associated with increased prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. We hypothesized that gingival epithelial cells modify periodontal disease progression and predicted that hyperglycemia would activate an inflammatory response in human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs).Materials and MethodsWe tested our hypothesis in immortalized HGECs (epi 4 cells) isolated from periodontal tissue and transfected with the simian virus 40 T antigen. The epi 4 cells were cultured in high (25 mM, HG) and normal (6 mM, NG) glucose conditions.ResultsThe epi 4 cells showed increased interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) protein secretion and mRNA expression when cultured in HG, compared with in NG. These effects were not associated with increased cell proliferation and were not observed in a hyperosmolar control group (normal glucose with 19 mM mannitol). Increased IL‐8 secretion in HG was inhibited by pretreatment with an antioxidant, N‐acetylcysteine, or a protein kinase C inhibitor, Ro31‐8220. Hyperglycemia did not affect IL‐8 secretion by gingival fibroblasts or periodontal ligament cells. In epi 4 cells, hyperglycemia also induced expression of toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) but not TLR4.ConclusionThese findings suggest a potential participation of epithelial cells in periodontal disease during diabetes by evoking an excessive host inflammatory response.
Phenotypical characterization of children with hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs
Authors: Cousin Mathias , Chiriac Anca , Molinari Nicolas , Demoly Pascal , Caimmi Davide 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the main cause of drug‐induced hypersensitivity in children. Many classifications have been proposed, focusing on adults. So far, no large study has deeply investigated a pediatric cohort. The aim of the present study was to describe a population of NSAID hypersensitive patients reporting a reaction during their childhood and to verify whether it is possible to classify pediatric patients, following the EAACI/ENDA classification.MethodsWe conducted a historical prospective study including patients evaluated from 1996 to 2015 in the allergy unit of the Montpellier University Hospital. We included 635 patients. For each patient, we recorded clinical manifestations and possible comorbidities and tried to identify possible risk factors.ResultsNSAID hypersensitivity was diagnosed in 107 of 635 patients (16.9%). In this group, 43 patients (40.2%) could not be classified following the ENDA recommendations. The main discrepancies were on the patients’ clinical manifestations and on their possible underlying diseases. We identified, on a multivariate analysis, some risk factors for NSAID hypersensitivity: chronic urticaria (OR 7.737, 3.375–18.296 95%CI), atopic status (OR 2.514, 1.504–4.364 95%CI), and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (OR 1.799, 1.138–2.837 95%CI). On the basis of our results, we are proposing an adapted classification for NSAID hypersensitivity in children.ConclusionsThe current ENDA classification does not seem to be adapted for pediatric patients; a modified version does. Our study could help allergists better understand the differences between adults and children in developing hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs, but further large‐scale prospective longitudinal analyses are required to validate this new classification.
Vaccines: could asthma in young children be a preventable disease? ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
Authors: Elenius Varpu , Jartti Tuomas 
Published: May 2016

Abstract‬The long battle with asthma is far from over in developed countries. Its incidence, prevalence, and severity have been increasing for decades. By reducing the risk for asthma, significant healthcare costs can be saved. The desire to create a vaccine that might prevent asthma in young children is attractive and widely considered one of the main goals in translational asthma research. Several vaccination strategies have been tested. These include allergen‐specific immunotherapy, vaccination against infectious pathogens, and modification of cell and cytokine responses. The lack of success in the prevention of asthma in young children lies on the complexity of the disease, which involves many genetic, epigenetic, and environmental interactions. This review provides a summary of current literature and aims to address key questions how to develop vaccines to prevent asthma in young children. ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
Impact of Buserelin Acetate or hCG Administration on the Day of First Artificial Insemination on Subsequent Luteal Profile and Conception Rate in Murrah Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Pandey AK , Ghuman SPS , Dhaliwal GS , Agarwal SK , Phogat JB 
Published: May 2016

ContentsThis study was designed to investigate the impact of buserelin acetate (BA) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration on the day of first artificial insemination (AI) on subsequent luteal profile (diameter of corpus luteum (CL) and plasma progesterone) and conception rate in Murrah buffalo. The present experiment was carried out at two locations in 117 buffalo that were oestrus‐synchronized using cloprostenol (500 μg) administered (i.m.) 11 days apart followed by AI during standing oestrus. Based on treatment (i.m.) at the time of AI, buffalo were randomly categorized (n = 39 in each group) into control (isotonic saline solution, 5 ml), dAI‐BA (buserelin acetate, 20 μg) and dAI‐hCG (hCG, 3000 IU) group. Out of these, 14 buffalo of each group were subjected to ovarian ultrasonography on the day of oestrus to monitor the preovulatory follicle and on days 5, 12, 16 and 21 post‐ovulation to monitor CL diameter. On the day of each sonography, jugular vein blood samples were collected for the estimation of progesterone concentrations. All the buffalo (n = 117) were confirmed for pregnancy on day 40 post‐ovulation. The conception rate was better (p < 0.05) in dAI‐BA (51.3%) and dAI‐hCG (66.7%) groups as compared to their control counterparts (30.8%). Furthermore, the buffalo of dAI‐hCG group had improved (p < 0.05) luteal profile, whereas the buffalo of dAI‐BA group failed (p > 0.05) to exhibit stimulatory impact of treatment on luteal profile when compared to control group. In brief, buserelin acetate or hCG treatment on the day of first AI leads to an increase in conception rate; however, an appreciable impact on post‐ovulation luteal profile was observed only in hCG‐treated Murrah buffalo.
I am the 9%: Making the case for whole‐blood platelets
Authors: Seheult J. N. , Triulzi D.J. , Yazer M. H. 
Published: May 2016

SYNOPSISOver the last 15 years, there has been a trend in the United States towards the increasing use of apheresis platelet (AP) concentrates over whole‐blood‐derived platelets (WBP). Although 1‐h‐ and 24‐h‐corrected count increments tend to be higher with AP, this does not translate into improved haemostatic efficiency when used to prevent bleeding in haematology/oncology patients. WBP expose the recipient to more donors than apheresis products. However, recent studies have shown no significant differences in the rates of bacterial contamination, human leukocyte antigen alloimmunisation, RhD alloimmunisation, transfusion‐related acute lung injury or febrile non‐haemolytic transfusion reactions between these two products. Given the overall low rates of virally contaminated units in the era of nucleic acid testing and rigorous donor screening, the difference in donor exposures of 4–6 vs 1 has minimal clinical relevance. Although studies point to a marginally increased risk of donor adverse events associated with WBP, the absolute risk is too miniscule to act as a deterrent to making whole‐blood donations. Both types of platelet concentrates should therefore be considered clinically equivalent; in this light, the most responsible use of the community donor resource pool, which both optimises the utility of a whole‐blood donation and meets the clinical needs of thrombocytopenic recipients, is to have a mix of both types of platelet products so as to mitigate the risk of shortages.
Implementation Strategies for Same Day Discharge Post Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Integrative Review
Authors: Chen Yingyan , Marshall Andrea , Lin Frances 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundSame day discharge following percutaneous coronary intervention has emerged worldwide to enhance discharge efficiency and decrease length of stay. However, uptake of this practice is variable and strategies to support its implementation have not been examined.Research QuestionAmong patients who undergo nonurgent percutaneous coronary intervention, what components are included in and which strategies are used to facilitate the implementation of same day discharge in clinical practice?MethodsAn integrative review was conducted. Keywords including same day discharge, outpatient, percutaneous coronary intervention, outpatient coronary stenting were used to search databases including Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica dataBase, Cochrane, and Medline between 1990 and 2014. Data were extracted and summarized specific to: (a) components of same day discharge, (b) patient selection, and (c) strategies used to implement same day discharge.ResultsNineteen articles were included that provided information about implementation strategies for same day discharge. Variability was identified in how same day discharge was operationalized, how patients were selected, and the strategies that were used to implement same day discharge. Culture, patient preference, and acceptance of same day discharge were important for its implementation. Guideline or protocol, physical environment, champion, education, audit or feedback, and team building were all found to be important strategies in implementing same day discharge.Linking Evidence to ActionThe results of this integrative review inform our understanding of how same day discharge is operationalized and what strategies can be used to implement same day discharge. The findings of the review highlight that there is a need for more research examining implementation strategies in a detailed manner that can assist others to introduce and sustain same day discharge in routine practice.
Ventilatory responses to muscle metaboreflex activation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Bruce Richard M. , Turner Alice , White Michael J. 
Published: May 2016

Key points
Recent evidence indicates a role for group III/IV muscle afferents in reflex control of the human ventilatory response to exercise.
Dyspnoea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be linked to this reflex response.
This study shows that activation of the muscle metaboreflex causes a ventilatory response in COPD patients but not in healthy controls.
This indicates abnormal involvement of muscle afferents in the control of ventilation in COPD which may be a contributing factor to exercise dyspnoea.
AbstractBlockade of thin fibre muscle afferent feedback during dynamic exercise reduces exercise hyperpnoea in health and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, we hypothesised that activation of the muscle metaboreflex at rest would cause hyperpnoea. We evaluated the effect of muscle metaboreflex activation on ventilation, in resting COPD patients and healthy participants. Following a bout of rhythmic hand grip exercise, post exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) was applied to the resting forearm to sustain activation of the muscle metaboreflex, in 18 COPD patients (FEV1/FVC ratio < 70%), 9 also classified as chronically hypercapnic, and 9 age‐ and gender‐matched controls. The cardiovascular response to exercise and the sustained blood pressure elevation during PECO was similar in patients and controls. During exercise ventilation increased by 6.64 ± 0.84 in controls and significantly (P < 0.05) more, 8.38 ± 0.81 l min−1, in patients. During PECO it fell to baseline levels in controls but remained significantly (P < 0.05) elevated by 2.78 ± 0.51 l min−1 in patients until release of circulatory occlusion, with no significant difference in responses between patient groups. Muscle metaboreflex activation causes increased ventilation in COPD patients but not in healthy participants. Chronic hypercapnia in COPD patients does not exaggerate this response. The muscle metaboreflex appears to be abnormally involved in the control of ventilation in COPD and may be a contributing factor to exercise dyspnoea.
Reconciling after civil conflict increases social capital but decreases individual well-being
Authors: Cilliers Jacobus , Dube Oeindrila , Siddiqi Bilal 
Published: May 2016

The psychological cost of reconciliationDuring civil wars, individuals and communities who were previously good neighbors can end up fighting each other. One approach to reknit these sundered social ties is to bring perpetrators and victims together in truth and reconciliation forums. Cillierset al.found that these forums have helped to reestablish social bonds in Sierra Leone, but that they have also imposed a cost on the victims' mental health (see the Perspective by Casey and Glennerster).Science, this issue p.787; see also p.766
Dientamoeba fragilis, the Neglected Trichomonad of the Human Bowel
Authors: Stark Damien , Barratt Joel , Chan Douglas , Ellis John T. 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARY

Dientamoeba fragilis
is a protozoan parasite of the human bowel, commonly reported throughout the world in association with gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite its initial discovery over 100 years ago, arguably, we know less about this peculiar organism than any other pathogenic or potentially pathogenic protozoan that infects humans. The details of its life cycle and mode of transmission are not completely known, and its potential as a human pathogen is debated within the scientific community. Recently, several major advances have been made with respect to this organism's life cycle and molecular biology. While many questions remain unanswered, these and other recent advances have given rise to some intriguing new leads, which will pave the way for future research. This review encompasses a large body of knowledge generated on various aspects of
D. fragilis
over the last century, together with an update on the most recent developments. This includes an update on the latest diagnostic techniques and treatments, the clinical aspects of dientamoebiasis, the development of an animal model, the description of a
D. fragilis
cyst stage, and the sequencing of the first
D. fragilis
transcriptome.
Evaluation of the Novel HISCL Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay for Laboratory Screening of Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Feng Shu , Wei Bin , Liu Qianqian , Wang Tingting , Li Dongdong , Rao Chenli , Tao Chuanmin , Wang Lanlan 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody assay remains the first-line screening test to identify HCV infection. The newly arrived HISCL Anti-HCV assay had a satisfactory seroconversion sensitivity. Its sensitivity and specificity were 98.97 and 100% for clinical samples. In general, the HISCL Anti-HCV assay may be a novel choice for clinical HCV screening.
Development of a TaqMan Array Card for Pneumococcal Serotyping on Isolates and Nasopharyngeal Samples
Authors: Pholwat Suporn , Sakai Fuminori , Turner Paul , Vidal Jorge E. , Houpt Eric R. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae
is both a commensal and a major pathogen that causes invasive disease in people of all ages. The introduction of serotype-specific pneumococcal vaccines has reduced the burden of disease but has also led to replacement with new strains; thus, serotyping remains important for vaccine-related disease surveillance. Conventional serotyping methods are laborious and expensive. We developed an easy-to-perform genotypic TaqMan array card (TAC) to identify
S. pneumoniae
strains, including
lytA
-based sequences, and 53 sequence-specific PCRs to identify 74 serotypes/serogroups covering all current vaccine types as well as prevalent nonvaccine types. The TAC method was evaluated on 146 clinical
S. pneumoniae
isolates and 13 nonpneumococcal species that naturally inhabit the upper respiratory tract and yielded 97% (142/146) sensitivity and 100% (13/13) specificity versus results of standard Quellung serotyping. The calculated limit of detection was 20 to 200 fg (∼8 to 84 genome equivalents) per reaction. On 23 blinded nasopharyngeal specimens that were pneumococcus culture positive, the TAC pan-pneumococcus
lytA
assay was positive in 21 (91% sensitivity versus culture). On TAC
lytA
-positive specimens, a serotype result was obtained on 86%, and the result was 95% accurate versus the subsequent culture's Quellung result. TAC also detected mixed serotypes in two specimens where Quellung detected only the predominant serotype. This TAC method yields fast and comprehensive serotyping compared to the standard method and may be useful on direct specimens.
Structural and Biochemical Analyses of Swine Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Complexes and Prediction of the Epitope Map of Important Influenza A Virus Strains
Authors: Fan Shuhua , Wu Yanan , Wang Song , Wang Zhenbao , Jiang Bo , Liu Yanjie , Liang Ruiying , Zhou Wenzhong , Zhang Nianzhi , Xia Chun 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

The lack of a peptide-swine leukocyte antigen class I (pSLA I) complex structure presents difficulties for the study of swine cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity and molecule vaccine development to eliminate important swine viral diseases, such as influenza A virus (IAV). Here, after cloning and comparing 28 SLA I allelic genes from Chinese Heishan pigs, pSLA-3*hs0202 was crystalized and solved. SLA-3*hs0202 binding with sβ2m and a KMNTQFTAV (hemagglutinin [HA]-KMN9) peptide from the 2009 pandemic swine H1N1 strain clearly displayed two distinct conformations with HA-KMN9 peptides in the structures, which are believed to be beneficial to stimulate a broad spectrum of CTL immune responses. Notably, we found that different HA-KMN9 conformations are caused, not only by the flexibility of the side chains of residues in the peptide-binding groove (PBG), but also by the skewing of α1 and α2 helixes forming the PBG. In addition, alanine scanning and circular-dichroism (CD) spectra confirmed that the B, D, and F pockets play critical biochemical roles in determining the peptide-binding motif of SLA-3*hs0202. Based on biochemical parameters and comparisons to similar pockets in other known major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) structures, the fundamental motif for SLA-3*hs0202 was determined to be X-(M/A/R)-(N/Q/R/F)-X-X-X-X-X-(V/I) by refolding
in vitro
and multiple mutant peptides. Finally, 28 SLA-3*hs0202-restricted epitope candidates were identified from important IAV strains, and two of them have been found in humans as HLA-A*0201-specific IAV epitopes. Structural and biochemical illumination of pSLA-3*hs0202 can benefit vaccine development to control IAV in swine.

IMPORTANCE
We crystalized and solved the first SLA-3 structure, SLA-3*hs0202, and found that it could present the same IAV peptide with two distinct conformations. Unlike previous findings showing that variable peptide conformations are caused only by the flexibility of the side chains in the groove, the skewing of the α1 and α2 helixes is important in the different peptide conformations in SLA-3*hs0202. We also determined the fundamental motif for SLA-3*hs0202 to be X-(M/A/R)-(N/Q/R/F)-X-X-X-X-X-(V/I) based on a series of structural and biochemical analyses, and 28 SLA-3*hs0202-restricted epitope candidates were identified from important IAV strains. We believe our structure and analyses of pSLA-3*hs0202 can benefit vaccine development to control IAV in swine.
Bat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Like Coronavirus WIV1 Encodes an Extra Accessory Protein, ORFX, Involved in Modulation of the Host Immune Response
Authors: Zeng Lei-Ping , Gao Yu-Tao , Ge Xing-Yi , Zhang Qian , Peng Cheng , Yang Xing-Lou , Tan Bing , Chen Jing , Chmura Aleksei A. , Daszak Peter , Shi Zheng-Li 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Bats harbor severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronaviruses (SL-CoVs) from which the causative agent of the 2002-2003 SARS pandemic is thought to have originated. However, despite the fact that a large number of genetically diverse SL-CoV sequences have been detected in bats, only two strains (named WIV1 and WIV16) have been successfully cultured
in vitro
. These two strains differ from SARS-CoV only in containing an extra open reading frame (ORF) (named ORFX), between ORF6 and ORF7, which has no homology to any known protein sequences. In this study, we constructed a full-length cDNA clone of SL-CoV WIV1 (rWIV1), an ORFX deletion mutant (rWIV1-ΔX), and a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing mutant (rWIV1-GFP-ΔX). Northern blotting and fluorescence microscopy indicate that ORFX was expressed during WIV1 infection. A virus infection assay showed that rWIV1-ΔX replicated as efficiently as rWIV1 in Vero E6, Calu-3, and HeLa-hACE2 cells. Further study showed that ORFX could inhibit interferon production and activate NF-κB. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the unique ORFX in the WIV1 strain is a functional gene involving modulation of the host immune response but is not essential for
in vitro
viral replication.

IMPORTANCE
Bats harbor genetically diverse SARS-like coronaviruses (SL-CoVs), and some of them have the potential for interspecies transmission. A unique open reading frame (ORFX) was identified in the genomes of two recently isolated bat SL-CoV strains (WIV1 and -16). It will therefore be critical to clarify whether and how this protein contributes to virulence during viral infection. Here we revealed that the unique ORFX is a functional gene that is involved in the modulation of the host immune response but is not essential for
in vitro
viral replication. Our results provide important information for further exploration of the ORFX function in the future. Moreover, the reverse genetics system we constructed will be helpful for study of the pathogenesis of this group of viruses and to develop therapeutics for future control of emerging SARS-like infections.