bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quest for Value‐Added Products from Carbon Dioxide and Water in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge: A Chemical Kinetics Study
Authors: Snoeckx Ramses , Ozkan Alp , Reniers Francois , Bogaerts Annemie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRecycling of carbon dioxide by its conversion into value‐added products has gained significant interest owing to the role it can play for use in an anthropogenic carbon cycle. The combined conversion with H2O could even mimic the natural photosynthesis process. An interesting gas conversion technique currently being considered in the field of CO2 conversion is plasma technology. To investigate whether it is also promising for this combined conversion, we performed a series of experiments and developed a chemical kinetics plasma chemistry model for a deeper understanding of the process. The main products formed were the syngas components CO and H2, as well as O2 and H2O2, whereas methanol formation was only observed in the parts‐per‐billion to parts‐per‐million range. The syngas ratio, on the other hand, could easily be controlled by varying both the water content and/or energy input. On the basis of the model, which was validated with experimental results, a chemical kinetics analysis was performed, which allowed the construction and investigation of the different pathways leading to the observed experimental results and which helped to clarify these results. This approach allowed us to evaluate this technology on the basis of its underlying chemistry and to propose solutions on how to further improve the formation of value‐added products by using plasma technology.
Selective Production of Toluene from Biomass‐Derived Isoprene and Acrolein
Authors: Dai Tao , Li Changzhi , Zhang Bo , Guo Haiwei , Pan Xiaoli , Li Lin , Wang Aiqin , Zhang Tao 
Published: November 2016

AbstractToluene is a basic chemical that is currently produced from petroleum resources. In this paper, we report a new route for the effective synthesis of toluene from isoprene and acrolein, two reactants readily available from biomass, through a simple two‐step reaction. The process includes Diels–Alder cycloaddition of isoprene and acrolein in a Zn‐containing ionic liquid at room temperature to produce methylcyclohex‐3‐enecarbaldehydes (MCHCAs) as intermediates, followed by M (M=Pt, Pd, Rh)/Al2O3‐catalyzed consecutive dehydrogenation–decarbonylation of the MCHCAs at 573 K to generate toluene with an overall yield up to 90.7 %. Model reactions indicated that a synergistic inductive effect of the C=C double bond and the aldehyde group in MCHCA plays a key role in initiating the consecutive dehydrogenation–decarbonylation, and that methyl benzaldehydes are the key intermediates in the gas‐phase transformation of MCHCAs. Microcalorimetric adsorption of CO on different catalysts showed that decarbonylation of the substrate occurs more likely on the strong adsorption sites. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report of Pt/Al2O3‐catalyzed consecutive dehydrogenation–decarbonylation of a given compound in one reactor. This work provides a highly efficient and environmental friendly route to toluene by utilizing two compounds that can be prepared from biomass.
Bridge under troubled water: Turbulence and niche partitioning in fish foraging
Authors: Pekcan‐Hekim Zeynep , Hellén Noora , Härkönen Laura , Nilsson Per Anders , Nurminen Leena , Horppila Jukka 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe coexistence of competing species relies on niche partitioning. Competitive exclusion is likely inevitable at high niche overlap, but such divide between competitors may be bridged if environmental circumstances displace competitor niches to enhance partitioning. Foraging‐niche dimension can be influenced by environmental characteristics, and if competitors react differently to such conditions, coexistence can be facilitated. We here experimentally approach the partitioning effects of environmental conditions by evaluating the influence of water turbulence on foraging‐niche responses in two competing fish species, Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis and roach Rutilus rutilus, selecting from planktonic and benthic prey. In the absence of turbulence, both fish species showed high selectivity for benthic chironomid larvae. R. rutilus fed almost exclusively on zoobenthos, whereas P. fluviatilis complemented the benthic diet with zooplankton (mainly copepods). In turbulent water, on the other hand, the foraging‐niche widths of both R. rutilus and P. fluviatilis increased, while their diet overlap simultaneously decreased, caused by 20% of the R. rutilus individuals turning to planktonic (mainly bosminids) prey, and by P. fluviatilis increasing foraging on littoral/benthic food sources. We show that moderate physical disturbance of environments, such as turbulence, can enhance niche partitioning and thereby coexistence of competing foragers. Turbulence affects prey but not fish swimming capacities, with consequences for prey‐specific distributions and encounter rates with fish of different foraging strategies (pause‐travel P. fluviatilis and cruise R. rutilus). Water turbulence and prey community structure should hereby affect competitive interaction strengths among fish species, with consequences for coexistence probability as well as community and system compositions.
A landscape‐scale field experiment reveals the importance of dispersal in a resource‐limited metacommunity
Authors: Lancaster Jill , Downes Barbara J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDispersal may play a strong role in driving species diversity across landscapes. Theoretically, dispersal permits species to remain extant within a metacommunity, even if they are periodically excluded from some local communities. Field tests of dispersal effects are difficult, and most non‐experimental data suggest that environmental conditions play the predominant role in setting species diversity. However, most such studies cannot differentiate between patterns caused primarily by dispersal constraints vs. abiotic factors vs. biotic constraints (e.g., priority effects). In 22 km of a sand‐bed stream in southeastern Australia, strong longitudinal gradients in the abiotic environment and detritus densities (resources) mean that downstream locations have abiotic conditions that may be physiologically stressful, low resource densities and low species diversities. We experimentally increased the retention of detritus over 40 m stream lengths along the gradient, with other sites acting as controls. If dispersal is constrained, or abiotic or biotic factors primarily control community structure, then we predicted that increasing resources would result in no change in species composition. Alternatively, if dispersal is common, we predicted that species diversity would increase at treatment sites through colonization by species able to tolerate abiotic conditions downstream and able to invade established communities. Invertebrates were sampled prior to manipulation and then four times (1, 4, 9 and 12 months) following manipulation. Detrital standing stocks increased by an order of magnitude at treatment sites. Over 1 yr, invertebrate densities and species richness also increased in treatment sites. Effect sizes were strong in middle and downstream areas, which were colonized by upstream species. Thus, faunal composition of the downstream treatment sites became more similar to upstream locales, and β‐diversity across treatment sites declined as α‐diversity increased. Out of 54 common taxa, roughly half responded to the experiment; responders and non‐responders had similar proportions of upstream specialists and of different functional feeding groups. Contrary to many non‐experimental studies, our results demonstrate that extensive dispersal can be very important and, for many species, potentially more important than the abiotic environment or biotic constraints in affecting community structure when adequate resources are available.
Interference‐free mass spectrometric detection of capillary isoelectric focused proteins, including charge variants of a model monoclonal antibody
Authors: Hühner Jens , Jooß Kevin , Neusüß Christian 
Published: November 2016

CIEF represents an elegant technique especially for the separation of structural similar analytes, whereas MS is a state‐of‐the‐art instrumentation for the identification and characterization of biomolecules. The combination of both techniques can be realized by hyphenating CIEF with CZE‐ESI‐MS applying a mechanical valve. During the CZE step, the remaining ESI‐interfering components of the CIEF electrolyte are separated from the analytes prior to MS detection. In this work, a multiple heart‐cut approach is presented expanding our previous single heart‐cut concept resulting in a dramatical reduction of analysis time. Moreover, different sample transfer loop volumes are systematically compared and discussed in regard to peak width and transfer efficiency. With this major enhancement, model proteins (1.63–9.75 mg/L), covering a wide pI range (5–10), and charge variants from a deglycosylated model antibody were analyzed on intact level. The promising CIEF‐CZE‐MS setup is expected to be applicable in different bioanalytical fields, e.g. for the fast and information rich characterization of therapeutic antibodies.
A Tubular Polymer Redox Flow Battery with a Ceramic Membrane
Authors: Stolze Christian , Schmerbauch Christoph , Friebe Christian , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA tubular cell design for redox flow batteries is introduced utilizing chemically, mechanically, and thermally stable ceramic membranes. The basic viability of this new cell design is demonstrated via static and pumped charge and discharge experiments with a laboratory prototype. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements are presented for the investigation of the internal Ohmic resistance. The technological benefits of a tubular cell design as well as its limitations are discussed.
Effect of spices formulations on the physicochemical and sensory properties ofNnam gon, a Cameroonian dish prepared with cucurbitaceae seeds
Authors: Manejo Djiogue Josiane E. , Nguimbou Richard M. , Tatsadjieu Leopold N. , Mang Yannick D. , Njintang Nicolas Y. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNnam gon, a cake made by steam cooking a mixture of Cucurbitaceae seeds paste and others ingredients specially spices, is a highly prized dish in Central African region. A preliminary investigation conducted as part of this study highlighted that formulations used in the processing ofNnam gonvary according to the spices used. This study was carried out to determine the best formulation for the preparation of this dish. For this purpose,Nnam gonsamples were produced from four formulations which differ according to the number of spices used: F0 (no spices); F1 (0.91 g ofAllium cepapaste); F2 (0.88 g ofA. cepapaste, 0.35 g ofAllium sativumpaste, 0.41 g of freshOfficinale zingiberpaste, 0.41 g of freshPetroselinum crispumpaste, 0.33 g ofMonodora myristica, 0.48 g of freshCelery graveolenspaste, 1.19 g of freshAllium porrumpaste, 0.13 g ofAllium lepidophylluspowder, and 0.13 g ofPiper nigrum), and F3 (0.90 g ofA. cepapaste, 0.35 g ofA. sativumpaste, and 0.42 g of freshO. zingiberpaste). The samples were evaluated for their physicochemical characteristics and sensory profile (Quantitative Descriptive Analysis). The results revealed that proteins (16.56–17.38%), carbohydrates (4.71–5.10%), lipids (23.14–24.25%), ash (4.03–5.92%), and fibers (2.17–2.68%) increased significantly (p < .05) with spices adding. The increase in polyphenols (310.55–592.80 mg/100 g FM) and phytates (2.23–12.49 mg/100 gFM) contents was positively correlated with antioxidant properties ofNnam gonwhich also increased with spices adding. Significant differences were observed between the samples for all attributes generated (appearance, odor, taste, flavor, texture, and oral texture). Spices adding induced a decrease in hardness, cohesivity, elasticity, and granulous of cake but enhanced oily.Nnam gonproduced with spicy formulation (F2 and F3) had higher mean score for general acceptance which was highly correlated (p < .05) with spice odor (r = .99), spice taste (r = .92), and color (r = .84). From this study, it is suggested that spicy Cucurbitaceae paste could improve nutritional value, antioxidant properties, and general acceptance ofNnam gon.
Degradation behaviors of geometric cues and mechanical properties in a 3D scaffold for tendon repair
Authors: Wu Yang , Wong Yoke San , Fuh Jerry Ying Hsi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA three‐dimensional (3D) scaffold fabricated via electrohydrodynamic jet printing (E‐jetting) and thermally uniaxial stretching, has been developed for tendon tissue regeneration in our previous study. In this study, more in‐depth biological test showed that the aligned cell morphology guided by the anisotropic geometries of the 3D tendon scaffolds, leading to up‐regulated tendious gene expression including collagen type I, decorin, tenascin‐C, and biglycan, as compared to the electrospun scaffolds. Given the importance of geometric cues to the biological function of the scaffolds, the degradation behaviors of the 3D scaffolds were investigated. Results from accelerated hydrolysis showed that the E‐jetted portion followed bulk‐controlled erosion, while the unaixially stretched portion followed surface‐controlled erosion. The 3D tendon scaffold exhibited consistency between the weight loss and the decline of mechanical properties, which indicated by a 65% decrease in mass with a corresponding 56% loss in ultimate tensile strength after degradation. This study not only reveals that the anisotropic geometries of 3D tendon scaffold could affect cell morphology and lead to desired gene expression toward tendon tissue but also gives an insight into how the degradation impacts geometric cues and mechanical properties of the as‐fabricated scaffold. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1138–1149, 2017.
Osteoblast response to the surface topography of hydroxyapatite two‐dimensional films
Authors: Yang Gai , Liu Zili , Guo Yuming , Zhang Jie , Li Han , Shi Weike , Feng Jing , Wang Kui , Yang Lin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the current study, three hydroxyapatite two‐dimensional films with similar wettability but different topological roughness have been prepared through a facile one‐step method using hydrated polylactic acid discs as substrates. The results indicated that the protein adsorption capabilities of the hydroxyapatite two‐dimensional films and the proliferation of osteoblast cells on the as‐prepared films increased obviously with the increase of the films' roughness. These reveal that the cellular responses to two‐dimensional materials can be efficiently tuned by easily adjusting the topological roughness. This finding affords an efficient strategy to regulate the cellular response to bioinorganic two‐dimensional materials and significantly expanded their application potentials in tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 991–999, 2017.
The role of risk and protective factors in the modification of risk for sexual victimization, sexual risk behaviors, and survival sex among homeless youth: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Heerde Jessica A. , Hemphill Sheryl A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractYouth homelessness is a multifaceted and significant social problem. For many homeless youth, the risk for exposure to sexual exploitation is high, with the experience of sexual victimization and engaging in sexual risk behaviors and survival sex commonplace. This meta‐analysis appraised internationally published literature to investigate the role of risk and protective factors in modifying the occurrence of sexual victimization, sexual risk behaviors, and survival sex among homeless youth. A comprehensive search of psychology, sociology, medicine, health, and criminology electronic abstraction databases was conducted for the period 1990–2016. Search terms included “homeless,” “rape,” “sexual victimization,” “unsafe sex,” and “survival sex.” The perpetration of sexual offences was included in the search strategy. Eighteen studies, examining sexual victimization, sexual risk behavior, and survival sex, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. All but two studies were conducted in the United States. No retrieved studies examined sexual offending; hence, this could not be included in the meta‐analysis. Findings showed that substance use, exposure to violence and crime (as victims and perpetrators), childhood abuse, sexual behavior, and peers' antisocial and sexual behavior were unique factors increasing the likelihood for each of sexual victimization, engagement in sexual risk behavior, and engagement in survival sex. Protective factors were peer and family social support. Moderator analyses showed that the influence of risk factors may differ based on study design, sample size, study country of origin, and participant age and gender. Findings suggest that risk and protective factors may be important mechanisms by which to modify the occurrence of adverse sexual behavior outcomes and better contextualize prevention and early intervention strategies for homeless youth.
Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the enzymatic hydrolysis of bovine serum albumin
Authors: De Maria Serena , Ferrari Giovanna , Maresca Paola 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe extent of enzymatic proteolysis mainly depends on accessibility of the peptide bonds, which stabilize the protein structure. The high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) process is able to induce, at certain operating conditions, protein displacement, thus suggesting that this technology can be used to modify protein resistance to the enzymatic attack. This work aims at investigating the mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis assisted by HHP performed under different processing conditions (pressure level, treatment time). Bovine serum albumin was selected for the experiments, solubilized in sodium phosphate buffer (25 mg mL−1, pH 7.5) with α‐chymotrypsin or trypsin (E/S ratio = 1/10) and HPP treatment (100–500 MPa, 15–25 min).RESULTSHHP treatment enhanced the extent of the hydrolysis reaction of globular proteins, being more effective than conventional hydrolysis. At HHP treatment conditions maximizing the protein unfolding, the hydrolysis degree of proteins was increased as a consequence of the increased exposure of peptide bonds to the attack of proteolytic enzymes. The maximum hydrolysis degree (10% and 7% respectively for the samples hydrolyzed with α‐chymotrypsin and trypsin) was observed for the samples processed at 400 MPa for 25 min. At pressure levels higher than 400 MPa the formation of aggregates was likely to occur; thus the degree of hydrolysis decreased.CONCLUSIONProtein unfolding represents the key factor controlling the efficiency of HHP‐assisted hydrolysis treatments. The peptide produced under high pressure showed lower dimensions and a different structure with respect to those of the hydrolysates obtained when the hydrolysis was carried out at atmospheric pressure, thus opening new frontiers of application in food science and nutrition. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical composition of microalgae Heterochlorella luteoviridis and Dunaliella tertiolecta with emphasis on carotenoids
Authors: Diprat Andressa Bacalau , Menegol Tania , Boelter Juliana Ferreira , Zmozinski Ariane , Rodrigues Vale Maria Goreti , Rodrigues Eliseu , Rech Rosane 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicroalgae have been used as food supplements owing to their high protein, polyunsaturated fatty acid and carotenoid contents. As different carotenoids have distinct properties and the carotenoid composition of microalgae has been poorly explored in the literature, this study determined the complete carotenoid composition of two microalgae species, Heterochlorella luteoviridis and Dunaliella tertiolecta, using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐DAD/MS2). Additionally, the proximate composition and major minerals were evaluated.RESULTSThe carotenoid composition of the two microalgae was similar, with 13 carotenoids being found in H. luteoviridis and 12 in D. tertiolecta. The major carotenoids were all‐trans‐lutein (1.18 mg g−1 in H. luteoviridis and 1.59 mg g−1 in D. tertiolecta), all‐trans‐violaxanthin (0.52 mg g−1 in H. luteoviridis and 0.45 mg g−1 in D. tertiolecta) and all‐trans‐β‐carotene (0.50 mg g−1 in H. luteoviridis and 0.62 mg g−1 in D. tertiolecta). All‐trans‐lutein was the predominant carotenoid in both microalgae, representing around 40% (mass fraction) of the total carotenoids. The lutein content found in these microalgae was significantly higher (2–40 times) than that in other important food sources of lutein (e.g. parsley, carrot, red pepper and broccoli).CONCLUSIONThe microalgae H. luteoviridis and D. tertiolecta are excellent sources of lutein that could be commercially exploited by the food and pharmaceutical industries. Moreover, it was confirmed that both microalgae are good sources of protein, lipids and calcium. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of high‐pressure processing and thermal pasteurization on overall quality parameters of white grape juice
Authors: Chang Yin‐Hsuan , Wu Sz‐Jie , Chen Bang‐Yuan , Huang Hsiao‐Wen , Wang Chung‐Yi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to investigate the microbial levels, physicochemical and antioxidant properties and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities as well as to conduct a sensory analysis of white grape juice treated with high‐pressure processing (HPP) and thermal pasteurization (TP), over a period of 20 days of refrigerated storage.RESULTSHPP treatment of 600 MPa and TP significantly reduced aerobic bacteria, coliform and yeast/mold counts. At day 20 of storage, HPP‐600 juice displayed no significant differences compared with fresh juice in terms of physicochemical properties such as titratable acidity, pH and soluble solids, and retained less than 50% PPO and POD activities. Although significant differences were observed in the color, antioxidant contents and antioxidant capacity of HPP‐treated juice, the extent of these differences was substantially lower than that in TP‐treated juice, indicating that HPP treatment can better retain the quality of grape juice. Sensory testing showed no significant difference between HPP‐treated juice and fresh juice, while TP reduced the acceptance of grape juice.CONCLUSIONThis study shows that HPP treatment maintained the overall quality parameters of white grape juice, thus effectively extending the shelf life during refrigerated storage. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry