bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selected Reliable Indicators of Sustainable Land Management (SLM) in the European Union
Authors: Tóth-Naár Zsuzsanna , Naár Tamás Antal , Sőreg Ádám Pál , Vinogradov Sergey 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The concept of sustainability and the feasibility options have been discussed in specialized literature sources for about three decades only. Sustainable development has several definitions; it is defined both in narrow and wider sense. The definition of sustainability is regarded inevitable because the sustainability of agriculture can be interpreted only within this fixed conceptual framework. Our study primarily deals with issues of sustainability in farming practices being specific to countries and regions of the European Union. In frames of the current research we provide the analysis of the ability to produce value added within agricultural sector, the intensity of farming, the non-renewable external input use, farm structure as well as the European-level relations being directed towards the preservation of land productivity.
Business Model Innovation as a Tool to Establish Corporate Sustainability
Authors: Fogarassy Csaba , Horvath Balint , Magda Robert 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Considering the frequently changing business environment, staying competitive on the current markets takes more efforts from companies in the 21st century. Conducting only incremental product innovation does not meet the market criteria anymore. The successful entrepreneurs of the future must focus more on the design of their business models to gain superior economic performance. Besides the market, society has also raised a major requirement towards companies, which is being socially responsible. The word ‘sustainability’ regarding businesses might confuse a lot of people as several aspects of the term reach beyond its traditional economic interpretation. The present study provides a clear explanation and furthermore examines its application at a corporate level. This paper aims to present how business model innovation does not simply lead to economic success but its generated value can be extended to social and environmental aspects as well.
Agricultural and Food Production in Hungary: On the Road to Sustainability
Authors: Szűcs Csaba , Vanó Gábor , Korsós-Schlesser Ferenc 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In the last 25 years Hungarian agriculture has lost its position. Rapid growth in the world’s population requires an increase in food production since one seventh of the population is still starving. The development of agricultural production and the food industry is the basis for the development of rural areas. Hungary produces two per cent of the EU agricultural output, which is far behind its potential. Agriculture, food industry and food trade can only develop together. We need to find the most favourable forms of coexistence with multinational chains sustainably. Food industry is a critical point in the product line, it lags behind the performance of European countries, and resources are insufficient. Long-term co-operation between farmers and processors is inadequate; the common organizations of the markets are minimal. Today, sustainability is increasingly emphasized, environmental and nature protection has been appreciated. The agriculture and forestry sectors are not only suitable for production of food and other raw materials, but they can also replenish resources and have a beneficial effect on biodiversity as well. Today’s problems can only be solved by taking sustainability into consideration. Agri-food industry that complies with the requirements can play a major role in rural employment and value creation.
Spatial Price Transmission of Milk Prices Among the Visegrad Countries
Authors: Vargova Lucia , Rajcaniova Miroslava 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
When trading with homogenous goods, consumers are not able to distinguish between individual goods and thus not willing to pay a higher price, if the same product is available for lower price. This leads to an interesting effect, when prices of homogenous goods in different locations in an open market tend to get closer. It is the result of the so-called Law of One Price. Because of the Law of One Price, producers are affected not only by vertical price transmission, but also horizontally. The aim of this paper is to assess the linkage and patterns among the prices of cow’s raw milk in the V4 countries. We apply the price transmission methodology, such as unit root tests, cointegration tests, error correction models, and Granger causality tests. Monthly data for producer prices of raw milk are used, covering the period from January 2005 to June 2017. Our results confirm the existence of the Law of One Price when milk producer prices in different locations are co-integrated.
Validity of Combination Use of Activity Record and Accelerometry to Measure Free-Living Total Energy Expenditure in Female Endurance Runners
Authors: Yoshida Asumi , Ishikawa-Takata Kazuko , Tanaka Shigeho , Suzuki Naoto , Nakae Satoshi , Murata Hiroko , Taguchi Motoko , Higuchi Mitsuru 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Yoshida, A, Ishikawa-Takata, K, Tanaka, S, Suzuki, N, Nakae, S, Murata, H, Taguchi, M, and Higuchi, M. Validity of combination use of activity record and accelerometry to measure free-living total energy expenditure in female endurance runners. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 2962–2970, 2019—Herein, we attempted to prove the validity of a new approach to assessing total energy expenditure (TEE) that combines activity recording and accelerometry in athletes. Eight female endurance runners participated in this study. We measured TEE over 8 days in the regular training season by using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. In the combined method, an activity record of the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was used to estimate energy expenditure (EE) during the training period, whereas a triaxial accelerometer was used to evaluate EE during the nontraining time over the TEE measurement period using the DLW method. Training EE was calculated from the subjects' individual rating of perceived exertion-EE correlations provided by the exercise tolerance test. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured using indirect calorimetry. There were no significant differences in TEE, activity-induced EE (AEE), or physical activity level (PAL; TEE/RMR) between the DLW method and the combined method (TEE, 3,032 ± 344 vs. 3,033 ± 495 kcal·d−1; AEE, 1,585 ± 303 vs. 1,586 ± 442 kcal·d−1; and PAL, 2.68 ± 0.37 vs. 2.68 ± 0.48, respectively). Significant positive correlations and no systematic errors were observed in AEE and PAL. Intraclass correlation coefficients were high (TEE, 0.785; AEE, 0.841; and PAL, 0.779, respectively). These findings suggest that the combined method has high validity against the DLW method. Thus, the combined method would be able to estimate free-living TEE in the regular training season for female endurance runners.
Optimal Reactive Strength Index: Is It an Accurate Variable to Optimize Plyometric Training Effects on Measures of Physical Fitness in Young Soccer Players?
Authors: Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Alvarez Cristian , García-Pinillos Felipe , Sanchez-Sanchez Javier , Yanci Javier , Castillo Daniel , Loturco Irineu , Chaabene Helmi , Moran Jason , Izquierdo Mikel 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Ramirez-Campillo, R, Alvarez, C, García-Pinillos, F, Sanchez-Sanchez, J, Yanci, J, Castillo, D, Loturco, I, Chaabene, H, Moran, J, and Izquierdo, M. Optimal reactive strength index: is it an accurate variable to optimize plyometric training effects on measures of physical fitness in young soccer players? J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 885–893, 2018—This study aimed to compare the effects of drop-jump training using a fixed drop-box height (i.e., 30-cm [FIXED]) vs. an optimal (OPT) drop-box height (i.e., 10-cm to 40-cm: generating an OPT reactive strength index [RSI]) in youth soccer players' physical fitness. Athletes were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 24; age = 13.7 years), a fixed drop-box height group (FIXED, n = 25; age = 13.9 years), or an OPT drop-box height group (OPT, n = 24; age = 13.1 years). Before and after 7 weeks of training, tests for the assessment of jumping (countermovement jump [CMJ], 5 multiple bounds), speed (20-m sprint time), change of direction ability (CODA [Illinois test]), strength {RSI and 5 maximal squat repetition test (5 repetition maximum [RM])}, endurance (2.4-km time trial), and kicking ability (maximal kicking distance) were undertaken. Analyses revealed main effects of time for all dependent variables (p < 0.001, d = 0.24–0.72), except for 20-m sprint time. Analyses also revealed group × time interactions for CMJ (p < 0.001, d = 0.51), depth jump (DJ) (p < 0.001, d = 0.30), 20-m sprint time (p < 0.001, d = 0.25), CODA (p < 0.001, d = 0.22), and 5RM (p < 0.01, d = 0.16). Post hoc analyses revealed increases for the FIXED group (CMJ: 7.4%, d = 0.36; DJ: 19.2%, d = 0.49; CODA: −3.1%, d = −0.21; 5RM: 10.5%, d = 0.32) and the OPT group (CMJ: 16.7%, d = 0.76; DJ: 36.1%, d = 0.79; CODA: −4.4%, d = −0.34; 5RM: 18.1%, d = 0.47). Post hoc analyses also revealed increases for the OPT group in 20-m sprint time (−3.7%, d = 0.27). Therefore, to maximize the effects of plyometric training, an OPT approach is recommended. However, using adequate fixed drop-box heights may provide a rational and practical alternative.
Transient Receptor Potential Channels TRPM4 and TRPC3 Critically Contribute to Respiratory Motor Pattern Formation but not Rhythmogenesis in Rodent Brainstem Circuits
Authors: Koizumi Hidehiko , John Tibin T. , Chia Justine X. , Tariq Mohammad F. , Phillips Ryan S. , Mosher Bryan , Chen Yonghua , Thompson Ryan , Zhang Ruli , Koshiya Naohiro , Smith Jeffrey C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTransient receptor potential channel, TRPM4, the putative molecular substrate for Ca2+-activated nonselective cation current (ICAN), is hypothesized to generate bursting activity of pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC) inspiratory neurons and critically contribute to respiratory rhythmogenesis. Another TRP channel, TRPC3, which mediates Na+/Ca2+fluxes, may be involved in regulating Ca2+-related signaling, including affecting TRPM4/ICANin respiratory pre-BötC neurons. However, TRPM4 and TRPC3 expression in pre-BötC inspiratory neurons and functional roles of these channels remain to be determined. By single-cell multiplex RT-PCR, we show mRNA expression for these channels in pre-BötC inspiratory neurons in rhythmically active medullaryin vitroslices from neonatal rats and mice. Functional contributions were analyzed with pharmacological inhibitors of TRPM4 or TRPC3in vitroas well as in mature rodent arterially perfusedin situbrainstem–spinal cord preparations. Perturbations of respiratory circuit activity were also compared with those by a blocker ofICAN. Pharmacologically attenuating endogenous activation of TRPM4, TRPC3, orICANin vitrosimilarly reduced the amplitude of inspiratory motoneuronal activity without significant perturbations of inspiratory frequency or variability of the rhythm. Amplitude perturbations were correlated with reduced inspiratory glutamatergic pre-BötC neuronal activity, monitored by multicellular dynamic calcium imagingin vitro.In more intact circuitsin situ, the reduction of pre-BötC and motoneuronal inspiratory activity amplitude was accompanied by reduced post-inspiratory motoneuronal activity, without disruption of rhythm generation. We conclude that endogenously activated TRPM4, which likely mediatesICAN, and TRPC3 channels in pre-BötC inspiratory neurons play fundamental roles in respiratory pattern formation but are not critically involved in respiratory rhythm generation.
Left Axis Deviation in Children Without Previously Known Heart Disease
Authors: Schneider Andrew E. , Cannon Bryan C. , Johnson Jonathan N. , Ackerman Michael J. , Wackel Philip L. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND:
Left axis deviation (LAD) discovered in children via electrocardiogram (ECG) is uncommon but can be associated with heart disease (HD). The optimal diagnostic approach in a seemingly healthy child with LAD is unclear. We sought to better stratify which patients with LAD but without previously known HD may warrant additional workup.

METHODS:
A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients ≥1 to &lt;18 years of age with LAD (QRS frontal plane axis 0 to −90) on an ECG between January 2002 and December 2014. Patients with known HD before their initial ECG were excluded.

RESULTS:
Overall, 296 patients were identified (n = 181 [61%] male; mean age: 10.8 ± 4.6 years; mean QRS axis: −24 ± 22°). An echocardiogram was performed in 158 (53%) patients, with 24 (15%) having HD. Compared with those with an echocardiogram but without HD (n = 134), patients with HD had a more negative mean QRS axis (−42 vs −27°; P = .002) and were more likely to have a QRS axis ≤−42° (58% vs 26%; P = .003), ECG chamber enlargement or hypertrophy (38% vs 5%; P &lt; .0001), and abnormal cardiac physical examination findings (75% vs 8%; P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
LAD discovered in isolation in the asymptomatic pediatric patient may not necessitate further cardiovascular investigation. Clinicians should consider obtaining an echocardiogram in patients with LAD and ECG cardiac chamber enlargement or hypertrophy, a QRS axis ≤−42°, and/or the presence of abnormal cardiac physical examination findings.
TÜRKİYE’DE İL BELEDİYE WEB SİTELERİNİN İŞLEVSELLİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Alat Bilal 
Published: February 2018

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki 51 il (Büyük
şehirler hariç) belediyesinin e-devlet
uygulamaları çerçevesinde geldikleri düzeyi belirlemek üzere belediye web
sitelerinin işlevselliği değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada, içerik analizi
yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, web
sitelerinin erişim, tasarım, dolaşım, çekiciliği, İlde
yaşayanlara yönelik hizmetler, şeffaflık, turistlere yönelik hizmetler ve ilin
tanıtımı, plan ve projeler, yönetici bilgileri, yerel girişimcilik - sivil
toplum bağı, siteden vatandaşa doğru kurulan pasif ilişki, vatandaştan siteye
doğru kurulan pasif ilişki, siteden vatandaşa doğru kurulan eşanlı ilişki,
vatandaştan siteye doğru kurulan eşanlı ilişki ve belediye hizmetleri
başlıkları ile ifade edilen ana ölçüt ve bunlara ait alt ölçütleri karşılama
oranları hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular,
belediye web sitelerinin işlevsellik açısından istenilen seviyede
olmadığını göstermektedir.
BEHÇET NECATİGİL’İN THOMAS MANN’DAN YAPTIĞI “VENEDİK’TE ÖLÜM” ÇEVİRİSİNİN ÇAĞDAŞ ÇEVİRİ ELEŞTİRİSİ YAKLAŞIMLARI AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Tanrıkulu Lokman 
Published: February 2018

Çeviri işlemi günümüzde insanları ve toplumları birbirine yaklaştıran ve
aralarında iletişimin kurulmasını sağlayan bir faaliyettir. Dili ne olursa
olsun, insanoğlunun üstün zekâsının ürünü olan roman, öykü, masal, tiyatro vs
gibi yazınsal metinler çeviri işlemi sayesinde insanoğlunun ortak mirası
olmaktadır. Günlük hayatımızda da çeviri olayıyla sık sık karşılaşmaktayız. Bu
araştırmanın kuramsal bölümünde yazınsal metinlerin bir dilden diğer bir dile,
bir kültürden diğer bir kültüre aktarış biçimi ve bu aktarılışı sırasında
ortaya çıkan sorunlar üzerinde odaklanmıştır.

Çeviri eleştirisi, zaman zaman sözü edilmekle birlikte, yöntemleri ile
ölçütleri tanımlanmamış baştan sona belirsizliklerle dolu bir alandır. Hele
yazın çevirisinin eleştirisi söz konusu olunca, bir belirsizlik iyice artar.
Gündelik basında, dergilerde, çeviri yapıtlarla ilgili tanıtma yazıları ile
incelemeler, bir takım uluorta yargılarla işi geçiştirir hep: ”Rahat okunur”,
“özgün yapıta bağlı”, “yazarın sesini aktaran”, özgününden daha güzel”, “akıcı”
türünden övücü, ya da karşıt nitelikte, yerici yargılardır bunlar (Göktürk
(2016: 89).

Türkçe etimolojik tipolojiye göre Ural-Altay dil grubuna, morfolojik
tipolojiye göre eklemeli diller grubuna girmektedir. Bu gruptaki dillerin
özellikleri, farklı biçimbirimlerin ve sözcüklerin birbirine bağlanarak sözcük
oluşumunun gerçekleştirilmesidir. Çekimli dillerde, değişmeyen bir köke çeşitli
görevleri olan ekler getirilmekte ve söz konusu ekler, ek yerleri belli
olmayacak şekilde kaynaşmaktadırlar. Bunların yanı sıra ünlü uyumunun olması,
kimi eklerin hem çekim sırasında eylemlerde, hem de sözcük türetmede
kullanılması, ses, ses dizimi, sözcük eşliklerin oldukça fazla olması da bu
dilleri, diğerlerinden ayıran özelliklerdir.

Almanca etimolojik tipolojiye göre Hint-Avrupa dil grubundan Germen
Dillerine girmektedir. Bu gruptaki diller morfolojik sınıflamaya göre
çoğunlukla çekimli dil grubunda kabul edilmektedir. Bu dil grubunda ise
eklemeli dillerden farklı olarak, çekim sırasında kökün, özellikle kökteki
ünlünün değişmesi söz konusudur. Böylelikle eylem kökündeki başkalaşmayla
değişik kavramların yansıtılması ve çeşitli ilişkilerin kurulması
sağlanmaktadır (Aksan, (2000: 113).

Bu çalışmada çeviri kuramlarının değişik yaklaşımlarının tanımı yapıldıktan
sonra Çağdaş Alman Edebiyatının önde gelen isimlerinden Thomas Mann’ın Behçet
Necatigil tarafından Türkçeye çevirisinin değişik kesitlerinde seçtiğimiz
örnekleri yazın çevirisi eleştirisi ilkeleri doğrultusunda karşılaştırmalı ve
betimlemeli yöntemle irdelenmesi, bilimsel literatür ışığında tartışılması
araştırmamızın konusunu oluşturmaktadır.
FEN BİLGİSİ ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ BİLGİ VE İLETİŞİM TEKNOLOJİLERİNİ KULLANMALARI VE BU TEKNOLOJİLERİ ÖĞRENME - ÖĞRETME SÜRECİNE ENTEGRASYONLARI HAKKINDAKİ GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: Murat Aysel , Erten Hilmi 
Published: February 2018

Bu çalışmanın
amacı, fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerini (BİT)
kullanım düzeyleri ve bu teknolojileri öğrenme öğretme sürecine entegrasyonları
hakkındaki görüşlerini incelemektir. Bu amaçla birlikte, fen bilgisi öğretmen
adaylarının BİT kullanım düzeylerinin bazı demografik değişkenler açısından farklılık
gösterip göstermediği ve bunun yanında BİT'in öğrenme-öğretme sürecine
entegrasyonu hakkındaki görüşleri de araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını Fırat Üniversitesi Eğitim
Fakültesi Fen Bilgisi Öğretmenliği 3. ve 4. sınıflarında öğrenimlerine devam
eden 144 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri "Bilgi ve
İletişim Teknolojileri Kullanım Düzeyi Anketi" ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemi ile
toplanmıştır.
Elde edilen veriler, betimsel istatistikler ve bağımsız gruplar t Testi
kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Görüşmeler
ses kayıt cihazı ile kayıt altına alınmıştır. Görüşmelerin analizinde içerik ve
betimsel analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır.

Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda, fen
bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının BİT kullanım düzeyleri açısından kendilerini orta
düzeyde yeterli gördükleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca fen
bilgisi öğretmen adayları BİT’in öğrenme-öğretme
sürecine entegrasyonunun çok faydalı olduğunu,
kendilerine zaman kazandırdığını,
işlerini kolaylaştırdığını ve
öğrencilerin derse olan ilgisini artıracağını belirtmişlerdir.
Evaluation of children with cardiac murmur using Nadas criteria
Authors: James Mary , K. N. Poornima , Ninan Praveen Jacob 
Published: February 2018

Background: Pediatricians often encounter children with heart murmurs during routine follow up visits or while assessment of intercurrent illness. Clinical differentiation between pathologic and innocent murmurs would be important. It is important to identify those children who need further evaluation. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether Nadas criteria can be applied as a screening test to decide on further workup.Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study done in Government T. D. Medical College, Alappuzha over a period of 12 months from July 2013 to June 2014. All children in the age group one month to 12 years, attending the outpatient department were screened for presence of murmur of grade 2 and more. They were further evaluated carefully. They were also studied for association of variables like maternal age, birthweight, dysmorphism and family history of heart disease. Nadas criteria was then applied to the study population. A score of 2 and 1 were given to major and minor criteria respectively.Results: 3070 children were screened. 150 children were detected to have murmur of grade2 and more.66 children were detected to have a structural heart disease by an echo study.74% of the study population in the age group <1 year had a heart disease.8 out of 78 children with a Nadas score of 1 and 10 out of 24 with a score of 2 had a heart disease. All with a score 3 and more had congenital heart disease (CHD).Conclusions: Nadas criteria can be used as screening test with a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 83%.
Collaborative learning and critical thinking skills: Effects of a debate-based pedagogy
Authors: Malone Yvonne , Michael Tony 
Published: February 2018

The authors added debates in two adolescent psychology classes in the southern region of the United States that were heretofore a lecture class. There were approximately 45 students in each of the classes, including both undergraduate and graduate students, and debate teams consisted of four to five members. Each debate was allotted one class period (80 minutes): 60 minutes of debate time with the last 20 minutes reserved for questions and discussion from the entire class. Students took a survey before and after the debates, rating themselves on critical thinking skills. Based on their ratings, there was significant perceived improvement after participating in debates. Last, the authors conclude with providing future considerations and tips to other educators for implementing debates within their course.

Keywords: Debates, collaborative learning, critical thinking, pedagogy, college students.
Social constructivist learning theory and reciprocal teaching to teach reading comprehension
Authors: Ardiansyah Welly , Ujihanti Murwani 
Published: February 2018

English teachers who teach reading comprehension course surely often give their students reading assignments, for example reading articles, popular press books and/or internet publications. Unfortunately, the results were not satisfying and made English teachers disappointed. This lack of good reading comprehension skills is exacerbated by the central role of reading comprehension required for the success in higher education. One solution to overcome this problem of poor reading comprehension skills is the explicit teaching of reading comprehension strategies to students, specifically, reciprocal teaching (RT). The philosophical root of RT itself is social constructivism which explains how students might acquire knowledge and learn; then, this concept is accumulated with the use of RT strategy to teach reading comprehension course at school. All are clearly discussed, so that the RT could be an alternative reading comprehension strategic choice for all English teachers to teach reading comprehension course at Polytechnic.

Keywords: Social constructivism, reciprocal teaching, learning evaluation.
Teacher evaluation and conferment systems in South Korea and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Authors: Ozberk Ozge , Baskan Gulsun Atanur 
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the teacher evaluation systems in South Korea and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, and to make suggestions for future research and practical implications of the findings. In the data collection process, the qualitative research method document analysis was used. Dissertations, scientific articles, laws, regulations and websites were searched to collect the data. The teacher evaluation systems in both the countries and the purposes of the current implementation and the evaluation procedures were compared. Suggestions were made to the researchers and the Ministry of Education and Culture in the TRNC.

Keywords: Teachers' conferment, teacher appraisal for performance, South Korea, performance-based incentive.