bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making the most of a captive audience: Do specialist teams in custodial settings offer a way to assist people to access the NDIS?
Authors: Bates Shona , Katz Ilan , Whitten Tyson 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) has been operating in Australia for 10 years, numerous eligible people with disability have not accessed the scheme, many of whom are in prison. The South Australian Government, in partnership with the National Disability Insurance Agency (NDIA), implemented a pilot programme to assist people in prison to access the NDIS as having NDIS supports on release may reduce the risk of returning to custody. This qualitative study, drawing on interviews with 20 stakeholders, explores the enablers and barriers of assisting people with disability in prison access the NDIS. Our findings show that while custodial settings provide opportunities to assist people with disability to have their eligibility for the NDIS assessed, prisons are difficult settings in which to undertake subsequent assessment and planning processes to determine the supports available on release. People with disability exiting prison also face significant challenges accessing suitable accommodation and support services, particularly when their needs are complex. Further work is required to ensure planning and assessment processes meet the needs of this group. The findings provide useful insights to both justice and other institutional settings and respond to many of the questions raised by recent public inquiries and reviews.
Polyethylene Recycling via Water Activation by Ball Milling
Authors: Li Linfeng , Leutzsch Markus , Hesse Phil , Wang Chuanhao , Wang Bolun , Schüth Ferdi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolyethylene (PE) is the most prevalent type of plastic waste and also the most challenging to depolymerize because of its inert carbon‐carbon (C−C) bonds.[1] High temperature and noble metals are usually required for depolymerization.[2] To avoid using noble metals, costly reagents and harsh reaction conditions, it is worthwhile but challenging to explore new reaction pathways.[3] We report an unprecedented mechanochemical reaction of PE and water to result in shorter‐chain alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, and ketones (Cn, where n≲50), with above 80 % of starting carbon converted into these products, which could be a valuable feedstock for re‐entering chemical value chains. This reaction is driven solely by ball milling, without heating and pressurizing. No costly catalysts are used. Instead, only earth‐abundant Al2O3 was milled with reactants.
Kinetic Control over Social and Narcissistic Self‐Sorting from Multicomponent Mixtures in Seed‐Initiated Supramolecular Polymerization by Fine‐Tuning of Steric Effects
Authors: Matsumoto Kentaro , Bäumer Nils , Ogi Soichiro , Yamaguchi Shigehiro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSupramolecular polymers offer an intriguing possibility to transfer molecular properties from the nano‐ to the mesoscale. Towards this achievement, seed‐initiated supramolecular polymerization has emerged as a powerful tool, as it prevents unlimited growth and enables size control of the assembly outcome. However, the potential application of the seeding method in the context of complex supramolecular systems is hitherto unclear. Herein we demonstrate that minute differences in molecular design in direct proximity to intermolecular recognition sites govern the molecular packing and in turn dictate the efficacy of seeded polymerization processes. We introduce a stepwise increase in steric demand in the central amino acid residue of a diamide system, which gradually increases the rotational displacement within the aggregated state. This fine‐tuning of the molecular packing directly affects the propensity of the different aggregates to act as seeds for the other supramolecular synthons. In turn this allows us to selectively target specific trapped monomer states in binary mixtures for social or narcissistic seeded polymerization.
Engineering Active Sites of Metal/Metal Oxide Catalysts by Oxide Ligand Overlayers
Authors: Zhou Jiahua , Yang Piaoping , Caratzoulas Stavros , Zheng Weiqing , Vlachos Dionisios G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEngineering sites of supported metal catalysts is essential to enhancing activity and selectivity. Such enhancement is typically achieved by particle size modification, surface alloying, or attaching molecular ligands. Yet, control strategies for complex, multifunctional molecules and catalysts, where selectivity is crucial, are lacking. Here, we demonstrate that submonolayer WOx with tunable coverage preferentially decorates well‐coordinated Pt terrace sites as a stable ligand. By combining experimental kinetics with probe molecules, in situ spectroscopies, and first‐principles modeling, we show that the WOx coverage on Pt modifies the metal‐to‐acid site balance while retaining the acid strength intact and results in optimal reactivity for metal‐acid catalyzed reactions at a specific metal, size, and support‐dependent WOx coverage. The oxide can also alter the reactant adsorption mode, reversing selectivity and pathways from terrace‐ to step‐dominated, as evidenced in furfural decarbonylation and hydrogenation. The insights open avenues for improving metal/metal oxide catalysts beyond the specific system.
Organic Circularly Polarized Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence: Strategies, Applications and Challenges
Authors: Zou Xin , Gan Nan , Gao Yaru , Gu Long , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrganic circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) plays crucial roles in chemistry and biology for the potential in chiral recognition, asymmetric catalysis, 3D displays, and biological probes. The long‐lived luminescence, large Stokes shift, and unique chiroptical properties make organic circularly polarized room‐temperature phosphorescence (CPP) a new research hotspot in recent years. Nevertheless, achieving high‐performance organic CPP is still challenging due to the sensitivity and complexity of integrating triplet excitons and polarization within organic materials. This review summarizes the latest advances in organic CPP, ranging from design strategies and photophysical properties to underlying luminescence mechanisms and potential applications. Specifically, the design strategies for generating CPP are systemically categorized and discussed according to the interactions between chiral units and chromophores. The applications of organic CPP in organic light‐emitting diodes, sensing, chiral recognition, afterglow displays, and information encryption are also illustrated. In addition, we present the current challenges and perspectives on developing organic CPP. We expect this review to provide some instructive design principles to fabricate high‐performance organic CPP materials, offering an in‐depth understanding of the luminescence mechanism and paving the way toward diverse practical applications.
Activation and C−C Coupling of Aryl Iodides via Bismuth Photocatalysis
Authors: Mato Mauro , Stamoulis Alexios , Cleto Bruzzese Paolo , Cornella Josep 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWithin the emerging field of bismuth redox catalysis, the catalytic formation of C−C bonds using aryl halides would be highly desirable; yet such a process remains a synthetic challenge. Herein, we present a chemoselective bismuth‐photocatalyzed activation and subsequent coupling of (hetero)aryl iodides with pyrrole derivatives to access C(sp2)−C(sp2) linkages through C−H functionalization. This unique reactivity is the result of the bismuth complex featuring two redox state‐dependent interactions with light, which 1) activates the Bi(I) complex for oxidative addition via MLCT, and 2) promotes the homolytic cleavage of aryl Bi(III) intermediates through a LLCT process.
Visible Light Excitation of Poly‐(para‐Phenylene Ethynylene) Enables Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Oxidations of Amines in Flow
Authors: Weyl Basile , Goujon Gabriel , Raggio Lucas , Demey Emmanuelle , Vinh Joelle , d'Espinose de Lacaillerie Jean‐Baptiste , Krafft Jean‐Marc , Laroche Benjamin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHeterogeneous visible light photocatalysis is a compelling approach to address sustainability in synthetic photochemistry. However, the use of solid‐state photocatalysts remains very unpopular in organic synthesis because of their limited accessibility and the black‐box effect associated to the lack of rational between their molecular structure and their photochemical properties. Herein, we disclose the synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic properties and synthetic applications of a simple and readily available solid‐state conjugated organic polymer, poly‐(para‐phenylene ethynylene) 1, which exhibits a strong oxidative power upon irradiation with visible light (E(1*/1⋅−)=+1.67 V vs SCE). Comparisons with structural analogues highlighted the superior photocatalytic activity of this linear semiconductor, on account of its fully conjugated architecture. The associated excited‐state reactivity enabled the transformation of various amines into imines in batch and continuous flow reactors together with straightforward photocatalyst recycling. Mechanistic investigations revealed concomitant photoredox and energy transfer pathways, that led to the formation of the desired products. Ultimately, the inline generation of imines was exploited in telescoped three‐component Ugi reactions (3CR) in batch and flow toward biologically relevant α‐acylaminoamides.
The Synthesis and Application of Chitosan@Ag2O@Mn3O4 Three‐Phase Nanocomposite as a Heterogeneous Catalyst in the Synthesis of 2‐Hydroxynaphthalenepyrimidine Trione
Authors: Kaboutarkhani Bahareh Hassani , Sheikhhosseini Enayatollah , Yahyazadehfar Mahdieh 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe catalyst is often the most expensive element in a chemical process, rather than the reactants or products. Apart from the financial benefits, it is equally crucial to recover and reuse the catalyst to prevent waste and enhance the process's greenness. This study successfully synthesized the new, superior, and recyclable heterogeneous chitosan@Ag2O@Mn3O4 three‐phase nanocatalyst with high surface area and stability using Ag2O and Mn3O4 nanoparticles that stabilized on chitosan by copreparation method and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), surface mapping (mapping), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunner–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques in detail. Following, the efficiency of the synthesized nanocatalyst in the preparation of 2‐hydroxynaphthalenepyrimidine triones using the reaction of aromatic aldehydes, β‐naphthol, and barbituric acid derivatives was investigated and proved. The advantages of this method include performing reactions at room temperature, green media, short reaction times, and the easy purification of the products.
Beef tallow/high oleic sunflower oil shortenings produced by chemical interesterification optimized by response surface methodology (RSM): Effect of processing conditions on physical properties
Authors: Ramos‐Ramos María Regina , Cevallos Velastegui Leslie Pamela , García Londoño Víctor Alonso , Aguirre‐Calvo Tatiana Rocío , Borroni Virginia , Herrera María Lidia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResponse surface methodology (RSM) was used to obtain two shortenings (IEA and IEB) by chemical interesterification (CI) of beef tallow (BT) and high oleic sunflower oil (HOSFO) with melting points of 35.5°C and 38.5°C, higher OOO and SOO contents, and lower PPP, SOS, POS, and POP percentages than BT. The maximum percentage of HOSFO in the formulations and the optimum time, temperature, and catalyst concentrations to achieve the desired physicochemical properties for the shortenings were determined from the model. The shortenings were characterized, and the effects of processing and storage conditions were explored. HPLC/MS analysis showed that the mono and di‐unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs) had unsaturated fatty acids at the sn‐2 position. The changes in chemical composition due to the interesterification process were mostly differences in percentages more than in the type of TAGs present. IEA and IEB showed profiles of solid fat content versus temperature and G' values similar to those reported for soft and firm margarine, respectively. Under static cooling conditions, for BT, BA, BB, and IEB, the α‐form was the main polymorph, whereas the β′‐tendency increased with increasing temperature and slow cooling rate. IEA crystallized in the β′‐form between 20 and 32°C. Under dynamic cooling conditions, nucleation was impeded at fast cooling rate and promoted at slow rate as evidenced by induction times of crystallization. Interesterification decreased the MP, increased the β′ tendency that lasted at least 8 months at 25°C, and improved the nutritional value of shortening making them suitable as trans‐fat alternatives.
Strong Non‐Reciprocal Chiroptical Properties in Thin Films of Chiral Alkylthio‐Decorated 1,4‐Phenylene/Thiophene Dyes
Authors: Bertuolo Marco , Zinna Francesco , Aronica Laura Antonella , Pescitelli Gennaro , Di Bari Lorenzo , Albano Gianluigi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the context of chiral π‐conjugated materials, the use of enantiopure alkylthio appendages represents a valid alternative to conventional alkoxy groups: sulphur atom is bigger and more electron‐rich than oxygen, thus allowing for higher polarizability, greater flexibility, larger bulkiness and lower structural anisotropy. In light of these considerations, here we report two new chiral alkylthio‐decorated 1,4‐phenylene/thiophene dyes, obtained by simple synthetic strategies involving Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling protocols, looking for strong non‐reciprocal chiroptical features in thin films. In particular, for the chiral alkylthio‐decorated 1,4‐phenylene–bis(thiophenylpropynone) (Thio‐PTPO) dye, which proved to be the most promising for our purpose, a detailed investigation in thin films was carried out, involving optical and chiroptical spectroscopies in absorption and emission, as well as optical microscopy techniques.
Predictability of European winter 2022/23
Authors: Stringer Nicky , Scaife Adam A. , Bulmer Chris , Davies Paul , Dunstone Nick , Gordon Margaret , Ineson Sarah , Knight Jeff , Mancell Joseph , McLean Peter , Smith Doug , Walker Brent , Walsh Christopher 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe boreal winter of 2022/23 was notable as a third consecutive winter in which La Niña had an influence on the European weather. The GloSea6 seasonal forecast system predicted a blocked circulation pattern in the North Atlantic in early winter (December), and then a transition through mid‐winter (January) into a more zonal pattern in late winter (February), consistent with the canonical La Niña teleconnection pattern seen previously. The seasonal forecast for the UK was an increased likelihood of near average temperatures, and drier‐ and calmer‐than‐average conditions. Both the predicted broad‐scale circulation patterns and UK winter mean weather conditions verified well against observations, and we show that seasonal forecasts of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) over the last 10 winters show similar skill to previously reported hindcasts. Throughout the winter, the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) was particularly active. On three occasions, it exhibited strong phases 6 and 7. There was also a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) that occurred on 16th February. This was followed by colder conditions and associated impacts similar to the canonical negative NAO response over the UK, although the main impact fell in March and so did not affect the winter (December–January–February) mean conditions.
Operando Investigation of Al Plating Regimes on HOPG in [EMImCl]:AlCl3 by Electrochemical Reflection Anisotropy Spectroscopy
Authors: Löw Mario , May Matthias M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRechargeable aluminium batteries show promise as next‐generation systems with a more abundant material base than lithium technology. However, the stable native oxide on top of aluminium metal electrodes leads to poor cell performance. Graphite, on the other hand, is a so far rarely investigated alternative that can be used as both the anode and cathode. Here, metallic aluminium is deposited at the anode, while AlCl4− is intercalated at the cathode. For both cases, understanding the electrode–electrolyte interface is crucial for improving the performance of the battery. In this work, we use reflection anisotropy spectroscopy to study the evolution of the interface under applied potentials. We find that the cathode exhibits an irreversible swelling of the topmost graphite layer due to AlCl4− intercalation as well as the formation of an SEI during the first voltammetry cycle. On the anode, the electrodeposition of aluminium is initially well‐ordered. However, the evolution of the surface morphology depends on the applied potential, with island‐like growth at less cathodic potentials, and layer‐by‐layer growth at more anodic potentials. With the optical operando spectroscopy, we can follow these qualitatively different plating and stripping regimes in a time‐resolved manner.
Das Museum Reinhard Ernst
Authors: Fahlbusch Mark , Barbaros Benjamin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDas Museum Reinhard Ernst (mre) in Wiesbaden beherbergt mit knapp 1000 Gemälden und Skulpturen abstrakter Kunst die Sammlung des Unternehmers und Stifters Reinhard Ernst. Das Gebäude geht auf den Entwurf und die Planung des kürzlich verstorbenen japanischen Pritzker‐Preisträgers Fumihiko Maki zurück. Es ist das zehnte Museum des Architekten und sein einziges in Europa. Mit der Umsetzung des Vorhabens wurde das Frankfurter Architekturbüro schneider+schumacher beauftragt, Bollinger+Grohmann waren für die Tragwerksplanung zuständig. Ein vollverglaster Eingangsbereich und ein nach oben offenes Atrium lassen das Innere des Gebäudes hell und einladend erscheinen. Die hohen Decken und breiten Wände bieten den teils großformatigen Kunstwerken auf rund 2500 m2 Ausstellungsfläche viel Platz und Raum. Im Juni 2024 nahm das Museum seinen Ausstellungsbetrieb auf. Der Neubau wurde zu großen Teilen in Ortbetonbauweise ausgeführt. Das Tragwerkskonzept zeichnet sich durch einige Besonderheiten aus, die den hohen Ausstellungsräumen mit einer Regelspannweite von über 12 m und den Rücksprüngen des Gebäudes auf der Süd‐ und Nordwestseite sowie zum Atrium geschuldet sind.
Fabrication of Bio‐Based Composite Materials for Antimicrobial Cotton Fabric With Microbial Anti‐Adhesive Activity
Authors: Mondal Md. Ibrahim H. , Ahmed Firoz , Rahman Md. Hasinur 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe development of multifunctional cotton fabrics that are stain‐resistant, antimicrobial, and easy to clean has sparked scientific interest as well as practical usefulness, owing to its medical and healthcare applications. The purpose of this study was to fabricate self‐cleaning and antimicrobial cotton for final use by soaking the cotton fabric in nonfluorinated hybrid formulations based on quaternary chitosan‐silane using the sol–gel process. The fluorine‐free cotton fabric demonstrated high self‐cleaning behavior and outstanding bacterial killing efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria, without altering the desired textile properties of cotton fabric. Remarkably, cotton textiles using the hybrid formulations HTACC‐VTES (N‐(2‐hydroxy)propyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride‐vinyltriethoxy silane) and TMCC‐VTES (N, N, N‐trimethyl chitosan chloride–vinyltriethoxy silane) demonstrated promising water contact angles of 147° and 142° respectively, indicating a move toward superhydrophobicity. In FTIR spectra, both treated cotton textiles had an absorption peak at 1208 cm−1 (SiOC bending), indicating a stronger interaction between silane binding agents and the cotton substrate. The treated cotton fabric with desirable features retains its stability and endurance after 12 cycles of washing for antibacterial tests and 15 cycles for wettability tests. The manufactured cotton fabric has several potential applications, such as in personal hygiene items and medical applications.
A strategy to comprehensively and quickly identify the chemical constituents in Wuteng tablets by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Pengyi , Bai Lincheng , Zheng Xinyue , Wang Mingtao , Dong Peiliang , Han Hua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPopulation growth and improved industrialization have led to a sharp rise in the demand for plant medicine. In recent years, there has been a general concern about developing new medicinal resources, cutting down on pharmaceutical waste, and discovering new, effective components of traditional Chinese medicine. A novel medication called Wuteng tablets is made from Schisandra chinensis stems and shows promise as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease. This work is the first development of an overall identification technique based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q/TOF‐MS). Using the MS‐DIAL integrated informatics platform and UNIFI software, the chemical components of Wuteng tablets were identified, and the amount of lignin in the tablets was ascertained. This study will identify the chemical components of such medications, aid in the development and utilization of medicinal plant resources, and serve as a foundation for the analysis of the components of their biopharmaceutical origin.
Sweat‐powered, skin‐adhesive multimodal sensor for long‐term and real‐time sweat monitoring
Authors: He Xinxin , Li Zhiyuan , Huang Xingcan , Zhang Qiang , Zeng Yuyang , Li Jialin , Yiu Chun Ki , Yang Yawen , Zhou Jingkun , Xu Guoqiang , Wang Jiachen , Li Jian , Xu Zitong , Chen Zhenlin , Liu Yiming , Gao Yuyu , Zhang Binbin , Zhao Guangyao , Gao Zhan , Wu Pengcheng , Shi Rui , Qiu Yuze , Zhang Hehua , Chow Lung , Ye Denglin , Huang Ya , Yu Xinge 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe importance of continuous healthcare management has significantly accelerated the development of wearable devices for monitoring health‐related physical and biochemical markers. Despite extensive research on wearable devices for physiological and biochemical monitoring, critical issues of power management and device/skin interfacial properties restrict the advancement of personalized healthcare and early disease detection. Here, we report a multimodal sweat monitoring device featuring a real‐time display and long‐term data analysis based on self‐powered format of sweat‐activated batteries (SABs). The polyvinyl alcohol‐sucrose (PVA‐Suc) hydrogel serves as the key component for the SAB, offering not only great long‐term adhesive properties for conformable wearability but also significant power generation capabilities. A maximum current density of 44.06 mA cm−2 and a maximum power density of 21.89 mW cm−2 can be realized for the hydrogel based SAB. The resulting device integrates an advanced colorimetric and electrochemical sensor array to measure pH levels, glucose concentrations, and chloride ion levels in human sweat, with data wirelessly transmitted by Near Field Communication. The self‐powering features and multiple mode sensing function offer sufficient power to support real‐time monitoring of metabolic biomarkers in sweat, with the ability to visually observe changes in the colorimetric sensors for long‐term data monitoring.