bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Defining the Threshold Between Low and High Glucose Variability in Diabetes
Authors: Monnier Louis , Colette Claude , Wojtusciszyn Anne , Dejager Sylvie , Renard Eric , Molinari Nicolas , Owens David R. 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE
To define the threshold for excess glucose variability (GV), one of the main features of dysglycemia in diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 376 persons with diabetes investigated at the University Hospital of Montpellier (Montpellier, France) underwent continuous glucose monitoring. Participants with type 2 diabetes were divided into several groups—groups 1, 2a, 2b, and 3 (n = 82, 28, 65, and 79, respectively)—according to treatment: 1) diet and/or insulin sensitizers alone; 2) oral therapy including an insulinotropic agent, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (group 2a) or sulfonylureas (group 2b); or 3) insulin. Group 4 included 122 persons with type 1 diabetes. Percentage coefficient of variation for glucose (%CV = [(SD of glucose)/(mean glucose)] × 100) and frequencies of hypoglycemia (interstitial glucose &lt;56 mg/dL [3.1 mmol/L]) were computed.

RESULTS
Percentages of CV (median [interquartile range]; %) increased significantly (P &lt; 0.0001) from group 1 (18.1 [15.2–23.9]) to group 4 (37.2 [31.0–42.3]). In group 1, the upper limit of %CV, which served as reference for defining excess GV, was 36%. Percentages of patients with %CVs above this threshold in groups 2a, 2b, 3, and 4 were 0, 12.3, 19.0, and 55.7%, respectively. Hypoglycemia was more frequent in group 2b (P &lt; 0.01) and groups 3 and 4 (P &lt; 0.0001) when subjects with a %CV &gt;36% were compared with those with %CV ≤36%.

CONCLUSIONS
A %CV of 36% appears to be a suitable threshold to distinguish between stable and unstable glycemia in diabetes because beyond this limit, the frequency of hypoglycemia is significantly increased, especially in insulin-treated subjects.
Associations between sex‐organ deployment and morph bias in related heterostylous taxa with different stylar polymorphisms
Authors: Ferrero Victoria , Barrett Spencer C. H. , Rojas Danny , Arroyo Juan , Navarro Luis 
Published: December 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Populations of heterostylous species are characterized by two or three floral morphs with reciprocal positioning of stigmas and anthers. Theoretical models predict equal morph frequencies (isoplethy) when disassortative mating is prevalent in populations, but biased morph ratios may occur when variation in the expression of heterostyly causes deviations from intermorph mating.METHODS:We explore the role of sex‐organ deployment in governing morph ratios in two closely related genera of Boraginaceae, exhibiting striking variation in floral traits associated with the heterostylous syndrome. We sampled 66 populations of six species of Glandora and 39 populations of three species of Lithodora across their distributional range in the Mediterranean. In each population we estimated morph ratios and measured several floral traits. We used phylogenetically corrected and noncorrected regressions to test the hypothesis that differences in sex‐organ reciprocity and herkogamy are associated with deviations from isoplethy.KEY RESULTS:Biased morph ratios occurred in 24% of populations, particularly in Lithodora. Populations biased for the long‐styled morph (L‐morph) were more frequent than the short‐styled morph (S‐morph). Distylous species were less likely to exhibit biased ratios than species with stigma‐height dimorphism. In Lithodora fruticosa, a species lacking reciprocity, decreased herkogamy in the S‐morph was associated with increasing L‐morph bias, perhaps resulting from self‐interference.CONCLUSION:Striking variation in the expression of heterostyly in Glandora and Lithodora is associated with biased morph ratios, which probably result from pollinator‐mediated mating asymmetries within populations.
Au-delà de la symbiose : le rôle des exclusions primaires dans la psychose schizophrénique
Authors: Mellacqua Zefiro , Blondel Agnès 
Published: December 2016

Cet article se fonde sur des années d’expérience clinique avec des patients psychotiques adultes, certains souffrant de psychose chronique et d’autres vivant leur premier épisode de schizophrénie. Ces patients vivent dans le sud-est de Londres, dans le quartier de Lambeth, reconnu pour afficher un des taux de psychose les plus élevés du Royaume-Uni et sans doute d’Europe (Kirkbride et al., 2006). L’auteur commence par décrire l’avis de Berne (1971a) sur la scission 2 et sa théorie plus tardive sur les exclusions du Parent (Berne, 1971b) créatrices de psychose active. Il suggère ensuite que la schizophrénie est un trouble lié à un traumatisme relationnel, et non le seul résultat de la symbiose (Schiff, 1975), ni le produit de conflits intrapsychiques (Novellino, 1991, 1998, 2004 ; Novellino & Moiso, 1990) et de contaminations complexes (Goulding & Goulding, 1979). L’auteur avance que la schizophrénie implique des exclusions structurales multiples et profondes qui causent des lacunes précoces du Parent dans l’état du moi Enfant (P 0 et P 1 ), et qui finissent par provoquer une fragmentation de l’ego/self.
Comment valoriser les compétences liées à la mobilité internationale ? Analyse de l’efficacité communicationnelle de l’Europass Mobilité
Authors: Brassier-Rodrigues Cécilia 
Published: January 2017

Dans le contexte actuel de professionnalisation croissante des formations universitaires, la valorisation de la mobilité internationale des étudiants revêt une importance capitale. L’Europass Mobilité est un outil qui permet « à quiconque effectue une expérience de mobilité dans un pays européen, quel que soit son âge ou son niveau d’éducation, de consigner les savoirs et compétences acquis dans un autre pays européen ». Il a pour objectif d’accompagner la validation et la reconnaissance des compétences liées à la mobilité internationale. Mais qu’en est-il dans la réalité ? Dans cet article, après avoir défini le lien entre la mobilité internationale, le contexte d’apprentissage et les compétences acquises, nous analyserons l’efficacité communicationnelle de l’Europass Mobilité, sur la base de deux enquêtes qualitatives exploratoires : l’une réalisée auprès de 8 entreprises françaises et l’autre auprès de 104 étudiants de licence et de master ayant réalisé une mobilité internationale ou sur le point de partir en semestre d’étude ou en stage à l’   étranger.
Mobilités et compétences en langues étrangères et dans le domaine interculturel : outils et réflexions pour la description, l’   évaluation et la reconnaissance de ces compétences
Authors: Blons-Pierre Catherine 
Published: January 2017

Entre la mise en place du programme d’action de l’Union européenne pour la mobilité des étudiants Erasmus (European Community Action Scheme for Mobility of University Students) en 1987 et celle du programme Socrates concernant l’enseignement supérieur en 1994, la mobilité des étudiants s’est développée et ne cesse de se développer dans un contexte de mondialisation et de crise économique. Des outils permettant une plus grande transparence et une comparabilité des enseignements, comme le système des trois cycles Licence-Master-Doctorat (LMD), celui des unités capitalisables transférables ECTS ou encore le Cadre européen des certifications (CEC) sont venus progressivement renforcer le dispositif. Désormais, les étudiants ont la possibilité de s’inscrire dans une université à l’   étranger et de faire reconnaître leur parcours académique dans la discipline qu’ils ont choisi d’étudier. Ils peuvent donc faire valider, par exemple, une partie du programme LMD qu’ils ont suivie hors de leur université d’origine. Ils peuvent également en plus, parfois, faire valider des connaissances et des compétences acquises en langues étrangères mais cela reste soumis au bon vouloir de leur université d’origine. Que dire alors de toutes les compétences transversales et interculturelles qu’ils acquièrent, non sans effort, lors de leur séjour à l’   étranger ? Elles ne sont absolument pas reconnues, d’autant plus qu’elles sont acquises le plus souvent dans un cadre informel. Que faudrait-il donc pour arriver à les faire reconnaître et valider ? Il faudrait tout d’abord identifier ces compé­tences spécifiques développées par l’   étudiant de mobilité, puis les décrire, les illustrer et enfin permettre à l’   étudiant par le biais d’une évaluation/autoévaluation de les mettre en valeur grâce à un portfolio spécifique digital, par exemple. L’   étude qui suit propose quelques réflexions, outils, pistes et bonnes pratiques transférables dans le contexte de l’   étudiant de mobilité.
Histoire de la formation, formation de l’histoire
Authors: Palazzeschi Yves 
Published: December 2016

Yves Palazzeschi est maître de conférences en sciences de l’éducation à l’université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, actuellement en fonction à l’Institut des Sciences sociales du travail. Il exerce depuis plus de 25 ans dans le domaine de la formation de formateurs. Ses activités de recherche portent sur l’histoire de la formation ; il a publié, en 1998, Introduction à me sociologie de la formation. Anthologie de textes français 1944-1994 (2 volumes) chez L’Harmattan, et récemment « Le passé composé de la formation. Un abécédaire historique » ( Cadres CFDT , n° 405-406, juillet 2003, 15-21).
L’incitateur andragogique. Pour une meilleure compréhension des enjeux dans les formations adultes et les formations en ligne
Authors: Simonian Stéphane 
Published: December 2016

Nous allons centrer ce travail sur ce que les étudiants de licence en Sciences de l’éducation ont appelé « incitateur » lors des entretiens menés avec la méthode d’explicitation d’une action de Vermersch (1974). Les adultes en formation, sujets des entretiens, n’ont pas pour unique objectif la recherche d’aptitudes professionnelles mais la recherche d’une réflexion ainsi que d’une compréhension de leur parcours professionnel. L’incitateur va permettre de comprendre les enjeux de la formation des adultes ainsi que les atouts de la formation en ligne (inciter à la réflexion), et la nécessité de synergie avec des cours en présentiel (structurer la réflexion, mémoriser).
Disseminated Peritoneal Leiomyomatosis Status Post Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Morcellation
Authors: Anand Neil , Handler Marci , Khan Ahsan , Wagreich Allison , Calhoun Sean 
Published: December 2016

Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are common benign neoplasms, which develop from the muscular tissue of the uterus with an estimated incidence of 20-40% in women of reproductive age. In the early nineties, power morcellators were introduced and became commonly used during hysterectomy for symptomatic fibroids. However, if all fragments are not removed, they may parasitize to other blood supply and present as abdominal or pelvic masses. Unfortunate cases have also been reported in which uterine sarcomas seeded throughout the abdomen and pelvis secondary to morcellation. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) estimates that 1 in 350 women undergoing hysterectomy or myomectomy for fibroids is found to have an unsuspected uterine sarcoma. As a result, the FDA issued a press release in 2014 discouraging the use of power morcellators. Recently, the FDA approved a new containment device, the PneumoLiner, for use with certain power morcellation devices. However, it is unknown if this device will help to reduce the risk of seeding fibroids and unsuspected uterine malignancies. We present a case in which a patient who underwent morcellation therapy for symptomatic fibroids presented with recurrent abdominal and pelvic leiomyomas mimicking malignancy.
L’élaboration de la norme législative et la prise en compte du savoir scientifique
Authors: Lahorgue Marie-Béatrice 
Published: December 2016

<p class="resume"><strong> «</strong>La controverse autour du principe de précaution « versus principe d’innovation » est au cœur de différents débats législatifs (OGM, ondes électromagnétiques, nanomatériaux, risques chimiques, perturbateurs endocriniens…). Cet article propose des clés de lecture de la prise en compte du savoir scientifique dans l’élaboration de la norme législative à travers l’illustration du débat parlementaire relatif à la loi dite ondes du 9 février 2015 dont l’adoption fut quelque peu tumultueuse. Ce parcours législatif témoigne de deux occasions manquées pour le législateur : avoir fait preuve, d’une part, d’innovation dans la fabrique de la loi en appliquant le principe de précaution à un secteur marqué par la prégnance de l’incertitude scientifique et, d’autre part, d’audace en appliquant dans le même temps le principe ALARA (traditionnellement réservés aux rayonnements ionisants) aux ondes électromagnétiques (rayonnements non-ionisants). </p><p class="resume">The controversy surrounding the precautionary principle “Versus the principle of Innovation” is at the center of different legislative debates (GMO, electromagnetic waves, nano materials, chemical risks, endocrine disruptors...). This article proposes reading tools on the basis of scientific knowledge to understand the elaboration of legislative norms illustrated by the parliamentary debate on electromagnetic waves on February 9, 2015, whose adoption was somewhat tumultuous. This legislative process reflects two missed opportunities for the legislator : to prove, firstly, the innovation in the construction of the law by applying the precautionary principle to a sector marked by the predominance of scientific uncertainty and, secondly, the boldness by applying at the same time the ALARA principle (traditionally reserved for ionizing radiation) to electromagnetic waves (non-ionizing radiation). </p>
La Cour européenne des droits de l’homme et le traitement de la connaissance scientifique sur la nocivité des ondes électromagnétiques, produits chimiques et autres activités polluantes
Authors: Lambert Abdelgawad Elisabeth 
Published: December 2016

Cet article propose une lecture critique de l’appréhension de la connaissance scientifique ou de son absence par la CourEDH dans le contentieux sanitaire et environnemental. Il révèle que la position de la Cour se décline en deux catégories principales : 1) l’hypothèse la plus simple d’expertises unanimes réalisées en interne ou l’existence de seuils réglementaires ; 2) l’hypothèse compliquée pour la Cour de controverse scientifique ou d’absence de connaissance scientifique sur les effets sur la santé des activités dangereuses, cas de figure dans lesquels la Cour ne cherche pas à approfondir la connaissance manquante, mais, bien au contraire, se retranche, solution certes de facilité, derrière la marge d’appréciation. Cette étude appelle à s’interroger sur le maintien du raisonnement par causalité et surtout sur le refus d’une Cour des droits de l’homme de rendre la justice en s’équipant des données scientifiques nécessaires afin de trancher les litiges portés par des victimes en quête de justice.
Antigenic Determinants of Der p 1: Specificity and Cross-Reactivity Associated with IgE Antibody Recognition
Authors: Glesner Jill , Vailes Lisa D. , Schlachter Caleb , Mank Nicholas , Minor Wladek , Osinski Tomasz , Chruszcz Maksymilian , Chapman Martin D. , Pomés Anna 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Der p 1 and Der f 1 are major allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, respectively. An analysis of antigenic determinants on both allergens was performed by site-directed mutagenesis. The analysis was based on the x-ray crystal structures of the allergens in complex with Fab fragments of three murine mAbs that interfere with IgE Ab binding: the two Der p 1–specific mAbs 5H8 and 10B9, and the cross-reactive mAb 4C1. On one hand, selected residues in the epitopes for mAb 5H8 and mAb 4C1 were substituted with amino acids that resulted in impaired Ab binding to Der p 1. On the other hand, an epitope for the Der p 1–specific mAb 10B9, which partially overlaps with mAb 4C1, was created in Der f 1. The mutation of 1–3 aa residues in Der f 1 was sufficient to bind mAb 10B9. These residues form hydrogen bonds with CDRs of the Ab other than H CDR3. This observation unveils an exception to the dominant role of H CDR3 commonly observed in Ag recognition. Overall, this study resulted in the identification of important residues for mAb and IgE Ab recognition in group 1 mite allergens. This information can be used to engineer allergen mutants with reduced IgE Ab binding for immunotherapy.
Sublytic C5b-9 Induces Glomerular Mesangial Cell Apoptosis through the Cascade Pathway of MEKK2–p38 MAPK–IRF-1–TRADD–Caspase 8 in Rat Thy-1 Nephritis
Authors: Zhu Ganqian , Qiu Wen , Li Yongting , Zhao Chenhui , He Fengxia , Zhou Mengya , Wang Lulu , Zhao Dan , Lu Yanlai , Zhang Jing , Liu Yu , Yu Tianyi , Wang Yingwei 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in the early phase of rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N), a model of human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), is primarily triggered by sublytic C5b-9. However, the mechanism of GMC apoptosis induced by sublytic C5b-9 remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that expressions of TNFR1-associated death domain–containing protein (TRADD) and IFN regulatory factor–1 (IRF-1) were simultaneously upregulated in the renal tissue of Thy-1N rats (in vivo) and in GMCs under sublytic C5b-9 stimulation (in vitro). In vitro, TRADD was confirmed to be a downstream gene of IRF-1, because IRF-1 could bind to TRADD gene promoter to promote its transcription, leading to caspase 8 activation and GMC apoptosis. Increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was verified to contribute to IRF-1 and TRADD production and caspase 8 activation, as well as to GMC apoptosis induced by sublytic C5b-9. Furthermore, phosphorylation of MEK kinase 2 (MEKK2) mediated p38 MAPK activation. More importantly, three sites (Ser153/164/239) of MEKK2 phosphorylation were identified and demonstrated to be necessary for p38 MAPK activation. In addition, silencing of renal MEKK2, IRF-1, and TRADD genes or inhibition of p38 MAPK activation in vivo had obvious inhibitory effects on GMC apoptosis, secondary proliferation, and urinary protein secretion in rats with Thy-1N. Collectively, these findings indicate that the cascade axis of MEKK2–p38 MAPK–IRF-1–TRADD–caspase 8 may play an important role in GMC apoptosis following exposure to sublytic C5b-9 in rat Thy-1N.
Allergen Valency, Dose, and FcεRI Occupancy Set Thresholds for Secretory Responses to Pen a 1 and Motivate Design of Hypoallergens
Authors: Mahajan Avanika , Youssef Lama A. , Cleyrat Cédric , Grattan Rachel , Lucero Shayna R. , Mattison Christopher P. , Erasmus M. Frank , Jacobson Bruna , Tapia Lydia , Hlavacek William S. , Schuyler Mark , Wilson Bridget S. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Ag-mediated crosslinking of IgE–FcεRI complexes activates mast cells and basophils, initiating the allergic response. Of 34 donors recruited having self-reported shrimp allergy, only 35% had significant levels of shrimp-specific IgE in serum and measurable basophil secretory responses to rPen a 1 (shrimp tropomyosin). We report that degranulation is linked to the number of FcεRI occupied with allergen-specific IgE, as well as the dose and valency of Pen a 1. Using clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat–based gene editing, human RBLrαKO cells were created that exclusively express the human FcεRIα subunit. Pen a 1–specific IgE was affinity purified from shrimp-positive plasma. Cells primed with a range of Pen a 1–specific IgE and challenged with Pen a 1 showed a bell-shaped dose response for secretion, with optimal Pen a 1 doses of 0.1–10 ng/ml. Mathematical modeling provided estimates of receptor aggregation kinetics based on FcεRI occupancy with IgE and allergen dose. Maximal degranulation was elicited when ∼2700 IgE–FcεRI complexes were occupied with specific IgE and challenged with Pen a 1 (IgE epitope valency of ≥8), although measurable responses were achieved when only a few hundred FcεRI were occupied. Prolonged periods of pepsin-mediated Pen a 1 proteolysis, which simulates gastric digestion, were required to diminish secretory responses. Recombinant fragments (60–79 aa), which together span the entire length of tropomyosin, were weak secretagogues. These fragments have reduced dimerization capacity, compete with intact Pen a 1 for binding to IgE–FcεRI complexes, and represent a starting point for the design of promising hypoallergens for immunotherapy.
Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on the Memory and Activation Profiles of B Cells in HIV-Infected African Women
Authors: Tanko Ramla F. , Soares Andreia P. , Müller Tracey L. , Garrett Nigel J. , Samsunder Natasha , Abdool Karim Quarraisha , Abdool Karim Salim S. , Riou Catherine , Burgers Wendy A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus infection induces a wide range of effects in B cells, including skewed memory cell differentiation, compromised B cell function, and hypergammaglobulinemia. However, data on the extent to which these B cell abnormalities can be reversed by antiretroviral therapy (ART) are limited. To investigate the effect of ART on B cells, the activation (CD86) and differentiation (IgD, CD27, and CD38) profiles of B cells were measured longitudinally in 19 HIV-infected individuals before (median, 2 mo) and after ART initiation (median, 12 mo) and compared with 19 age-matched HIV-uninfected individuals using flow cytometry. Twelve months of ART restored the typical distribution of B cell subsets, increasing the proportion of naive B cells (CD27−IgD+CD38−) and concomitantly decreasing the immature transitional (CD27−IgD+CD38+), unswitched memory (CD27+IgD+CD38−), switched memory (CD27+IgD−CD38− or CD27−IgD−CD38−), and plasmablast (CD27+IgD−CD38high) subsets. However, B cell activation was only partially normalized post-ART, with the frequency of activated B cells (CD86+CD40+) reduced compared with pre-ART levels (p = 0.0001), but remaining significantly higher compared with HIV-uninfected individuals (p = 0.0001). Interestingly, unlike for T cell activation profiles, the extent of B cell activation prior to ART did not correlate with HIV plasma viral load, but positively associated with plasma sCD14 levels (p = 0.01, r = 0.58). Overall, ART partially normalizes the skewed B cell profiles induced by HIV, with some activation persisting. Understanding the effects of HIV on B cell dysfunction and restoration following ART may provide important insights into the mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis.
Comparison of Accuracy and Speed of Information Identification by Nonpathologists in Synoptic Reports With Different Formats
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A. , Gould Edwin W. 
Published: January 2017

Context.—The College of American Pathologists requires synoptic reports for specific types of pathology reports.Objective.—To compare the accuracy and speed of information retrieval in synoptic reports of different formats.Design.—We assessed the performance of 28 nonpathologists from 4 different types of users (cancer registrars, MDs, medical non–MDs, and nonmedical) at identifying specific information in various formatted synoptic reports, using a computerized quiz that measured both accuracy and speed.Results.—There was no significant difference in the accuracy of data identification for any user group or in any format. While there were significant differences in raw time between users, these were eliminated when normalized times were used. Compared with the standard format of a required data element (RDE) and response on 1 line, both a list of responses without an RDE (21%, P &lt; .001) and a paired response with more concise text (33%, P &lt; .001) were significantly faster. In contrast, both the 2-line format (RDE header on one line, response indented on the second line) (12%, P &lt; .001) and a report with the RDE response pairs in a random order were significantly slower (16%, P &lt; .001).Conclusions.—There are significant differences in ease of use by nonpathologists between different synoptic report formats. Such information may be useful in deciding between different format options.