bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POTENSI ANTIMALARIA EKTRAK DIKLOROMETAN DAUN BUNGA MATAHARI (Helianthus annuus L.) SECARA IN VIVO PADA HEWAN COBA
Authors: Muti’ah Roihatul , K.H Elok , Ijro’atu Ijro’atu 
Published: August 2017

<p>Antimalaria experiment on this research aimed to know the activity of extract sunflower leaf to the growth of parasit Plasmodium berghei in mice balb/c. Mice is being infected by interaperitonial with 106 Plasmodium berghei and divided into 5 groups of treatment, they are (1) positive control, (2) artemisin control 0,004 mg/g BB, , (3) extract sunflower of dose 1 (0,05 mg/g BB), (4)</p> <p>extract sunflower of dose 2 (0,5 mg/g BB) and extract sunflower of dose 3 (5 mg/g BB). Those experiment of antimalaria activity used Peter method. The therapy is done when degree of parasitemia after infected reach 5-15% that was counted as day -0 and it is given during 5 days. Monitoring the degree of parasitemia is done in day -0, day -1, day -2, day -3, and day -5. The result shows that all dose of extract diklorometan sunflower can kill parasit plasmodium berghei and degree of parasitemia reached 0% in day -3 and day -4 after therapy. The statistic analysis shows that the first, second, and third doses on the positive control group have siginificant differences with p &lt; 0.05. on the artemism group, first, second, and third doses doesn’t show significant differences with p &gt; 0.05. This shows that extract diklorometan having high potential as antimalaria and the effect is the same with artemism.</p> <p> </p>
Construções de Gerúndio na Língua Tembé
Authors: Duarte Fábio Fonfim 
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of research on Tembé, a Tupi-Guarani language of Northeast of Brazil, with special focus on the cross-referencing system of the gerund constructions. The analysis of the data showed that the subject (Sa) of the intransitive verbs can be identical to either the subject or the object of the preceding clause, whereas the subject (A) of the transitive verbs and (So) of the descriptive verbs can only be identical to the subject of the main clause.The gerund constructions also exhibits a split system: one in which the cross-referencing of So and O is done by the relational prefixes, comprising an ergative system, and another in which the cross-referencing of
Evidencias de la Relación Genética Lule-Vilela
Authors: Viegas Barros Pedro 
Published: August 2017

This article presents the existing evidence for a Lule-Vilela genetic relationship. Lule and Vilela are probably the two worst known languages from the Chaquean region, and is no consensus yet about their classification. The phonological systems (the Lule one being a temptative phonemization) of both languages are discussed. Then, the phonological correspondences are showed, and later the grammatical and lexical cognate sets. No attempt is made for reconstructing the Proto-Lule Vilela phonological system.
O Marcador de Posse Alienável em Karirí
Authors: Ribeiro Eduardo Rivail 
Published: August 2017

This paper is a result of an ongoing project of lexical compilation and grammatical analysis of Karirí (also known as Kirirí), an extinct indigenous language from Northeast Brazil. Although two of its dialects are known only through short wordlists (Martius 1867), two of them were fairly welldocumented—Kipeá (Mamiani 1877, 1942), on which this paper is based, and Dzubukuá (Nantes 1896). Karirí has been included in the Macro-Jê stock (Rodrigues 1986, 1999), although in rather hypothetical terms. However, in spite of the lack of comprehensive lexical comparison to date, recent studies have shown very suggestive cases of grammatical affinities between Karirí and other Macro-Jê languages. One of them, first mentioned by Rodrigues (1992a: 386), is the existence, in Jê, Maxakalí, Boróro, and Karirí, of an apparently cognate morpheme marking alienable possession, although the evidence for the existence of this morpheme in Karirí provided then was quite cursory. The main purpose of the present work is to provide further support for the existence of the marker of alienable possession in Karirí. In addition, this paper briefly discusses the syntactic nature of genitive constructions containing such a morpheme and the existence, in the Jê family, of another morpheme of similar functions, probably reconstructible for Proto-Jê and cognate with a Tupí-Guaraní prefix.
Kaingáng
Authors: D'Angelis Wilmar da Rocha 
Published: August 2017

O presente texto, originalmente escrito para uma interlocução com professores kaingáng, apresenta uma visão panorâmica das mudanças no contexto de bilingüismo envolvendo comunidades indígenas ao longo do tempo. Particularmente no caso da sociedade kaingáng o texto historia brevemente as compulsões que levaram ao abandono da língua indígena por uma parte considerável da população e defende a idéia de que, no caso dessa língua, o uso e desenvolvimento de uma tradição escrita podem ser decisivos para a vitalização, fortalecimento e modernização do idioma nativo. Não se trata de um texto acadêmico stricto sensu, mas de um texto de intervenção em uma realidade social. Apesar disso, a análise aqui apresentada para o Kaingáng é pioneira e única, e pretende contribuir para a compreensão das questões de política e planejamento lingüístico que se colocam para esse povo hoje e no futuro próximo.
Construções adjetivais e participais em Caxinauá (PANO)
Authors: Camargo Eliane 
Published: August 2017

O objeto deste estudo são as construções adjetivas, marcadas ou não por modificadores (adjetivizadores, morfema de valor participial). Nesta língua, a classe dos adjetivos apresenta lexemas plenos que mostram um valor adjetival extrínseco. Muitos desses lexemas plenos recorrem, com freqüência, ao adjetivizador {-ta}pa, com o qual atribui uma propriedade ao elemento determinado. Um outro processo derivacional bastante produtivo na língua é o uso do sufixo -ja. Este morfema, associado a um nome, expressa um valor participial, atribuindo um estado ao elemento determinado: ain ‘esposa’ > ain-ja ‘estar casado’. Com este sufixo, constroem-se ainda nomes de agente, ao quais atribuem-se propriedades ao elemento determinado: huni bin-ja (homem / seringa-particípio) ‘seringueiro’ (lit. aquele que é caracterizado por possuir a propriedade de conhecer a ‘seringa’). O elemento determinado ocupa a posição inicial do sintagma nominal (bimi bata //fruta / doce// ‘fruta doce’), porém este sintagma pode ocupar a posição de predicado, quando valores aspecto-temporais ssociam ao elemento determinante modificado ou não por um adjetivizador ou particípio, como ilustra a construção marcada por - ja: ain-ja-mis (esposarparticípio-evento) ‘ele continua casado’. Este texto apresenta diferentes processos derivacionais construidores desses / predicados adjetivais e participais, levando em conta a situação enunciativa.
Elipse e reiteração em textos Ikpeng (Karíb)
Authors: Pacheco Frantomé 
Published: August 2017

Este artigo pretende oferecer uma análise para o processo de referenciação em narrativas da língua Ikpeng, contrastando o emprego da elipse (Ø), do pronome e da reiteração do SN no acesso ao SN antecedente. A análise é realizada tomando como base a hierarquia de acessibilidade, conforme proposta por Ariel (1990, 1994 e 1996) e Givón (1983 e 1995), defendendo-se a idéia de que a elipse e a reiteração são os pólos de uma escala que apresenta, intermediariamente, o pronome. Será emonstrado que a elipse é a estratégia preferida nos processos de retomada do SN e que a reiteração, menos usual, é empregada não apenas para acessar o antecedente, mas para marcá-lo estilisticamente, mantendo sobre ele o foco da narrativa. Do ponto de vista sintático-estrutural, o SN reiterado apresenta como traço a sua realização na posição não-marcada, funcionando, discursivamente, como tópico não-marcado. Já o uso de pronomes, em particular os demonstrativos, dá-se em contextos muito específicos, como as construções em que o elemento verbal ou auxiliar não é o núcleo predicativo.
La armonía vocálica en lenguas chaqueñas de las familias Guaycurú y Mataguaya
Authors: Gerzenstein Ana , Gualdieri Beatriz 
Published: August 2017

Se analiza el proceso fonológico de armonía vocálica en lenguas aborígenes chaqueñas de las familias Mataguaya (lenguas maká y chorote 1 y 2) y Guaycurú (lenguas mocoví, pilagá y toba), habladas en el Chaco argentino y paraguayo. Son identificados y descritos los diferentes tipos de armonía vocálica presentes en cada una de estas lenguas, entendiendo por “armonía vocálica” el proceso fonológico por el cual las vocales, en un dominio específico (típicamente la palabra), armonizan en un rasgo dado. Asimismo, reexpone una interpretación preliminar de dicho proceso dentro del marco de las teorías fonológicas ontemporáneas, específicamente de la corriente Autosegmental. El análisis que se presenta aportará, seguramente, información sistematizada sobre este fenómeno, tanto para estudios de tipo diacrónico que buscan establecer relaciones genéticas entre lenguas, como para la perspectiva tipológica y los modelos fonológicos actuales.
O papel da pesquisa sociolingüística em projetos de educação, vitalização de língua e cultura
Authors: Braggio Silvia Lucia Bigonjal 
Published: August 2017

A perda e a extinção das línguas indígenas ao longo da história e, principalmente, nas últimas três décadas, a uma velocidade nunca antes observada, têm levado lingüistas de todo o mundo não só a chamarem a atenção sobre esse fenômenos mas, entre outros aspectos, a defenderem o uso de pesquisas ociolingüísticas que mostrem quando uma língua está se erdendo, mais especificamente, a criarem tipologias sociolingüísticas que apontem caminhos para evitar a sua perda e possibilitar a sua (re)vitalização. Esse artigo apresenta: (i) os motivos para a manutenção dessas línguas; (ii) as razões de sua perda, e (iii) as tipologias ora disponíveis e traz um primeiro relato da situação sociolingüística dos Avá-Canoeiro, da Área Indígena Avá-Canoeiro, GO, realizado em fevereiro e agosto de 2002. Faz-se um percurso histórico do contato do grupo com a sociedade envolvente, a fim de situá-los no cenário atual e compreender a situação sociolingüística do grupo no momento. Eventos/cenas de fala são descritos com o foco na alternância de línguas (code switching), pois esse aspecto de uso da língua em sociedades bilíngües, mostra se a língua nativa está sendo deslocada ou não. Apesar de ser um relato sociolingüístico inicial do grupo, fatos importantes são apontados e estão ervindo de subsídios para um programa de educação escolar ora em andamento na comunidade.
Effects of the Addition of Sodium Chloride to a Tetrameric Protein in Water Solution During Exposure to High Frequency Electromagnetic Field
Authors: Calabrò Emanuele , Magazù Salvatore 
Published: August 2017

Background:Previous studies have shown that exposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields induces alterations in simple organic systems such as proteins in bidistilled water solution.Objective:The aim of this study was to test the shielding action of sodium chloride in bidistilled water solution against exposure to a high frequency electromagnetic field, in order to evaluate if the addition of NaCl in proteins aqueous solution can be considered a valuable bioprotector against electromagnetic fields.Method:Samples of 250 μl of different hemoglobin aqueous solutions, in the absence or presence of sodium-chloride, were exposed for 3 hours to an electromagnetic field at 1750 MHz at a power density around 1 W/m2emitted by an operational mobile phone. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was used to study the effects of exposure on the secondary structure of hemoglobin also in the presence of sodium-chloride.Results:Spectral analysis evidenced that significant increase in intensity of the Amide I and II vibration bands in hemoglobin bidistilled water solution occurred after exposure to the electromagnetic field. This result can be due to the increase of dipole moment of the protein due to the alignment of α-helix towards the direction of the field. In contrast, no appreciable change was observed in hemoglobin in sodium-chloride water solution after exposure.Conclusion:This protective effect of sodium-chloride can be explained by the orientation of water molecules due to the strong electric field around each ion that reduces the possibility of rotation of the protein in response to an applied electromagnetic field.
Evaluation of Nano-Silica Modified ECC Based on Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Rebound Hammer
Authors: Mohammed Bashar S. , Syed Zubair Imam , Khed Veerendrakumar , Qasim Muthanna Saad 
Published: August 2017

Introdcution:Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) has gained attention among researchers due to its superior tensile properties. To improve its modulus elasticity, due to absence of coarse aggregate, nano-silica (NS) has been added to ECC mixture.Method:To facilitate the usage of the NS-ECC in the construction industry, using nondestructive tests such as rebound hammer (RH) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) to predict the compressive strength of NS-ECC is worthwhile. Twenty mixtures with two variables which are four PVA% (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2) and five NS% (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) have been proportioned, cast, cured and tested using RH, UPV and then crushed to determine the compressive strength at age of 28 days.Results and Conclusion:Response surface methodology (RSM) has been performed to develop models for predicting the compressive strength of NS-ECC utilizing results from RH and UPV. It has been established that the newly developed models are significant with values of “Prob > F” less than 0.05 and also have variance less than 0.2. Therefore, these models can be used to predict the compressive strength of NS-ECC using rebound hammer or/and ultra-pulse velocity.
Prognostic Assessment of Diabetics Using Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: Diabetes Mellitus is Still a Coronary Artery Disease Equivalent
Authors: De Lorenzo Andrea , Souza Victor F. , Glerian Leticia , Lima Ronaldo SL 
Published: August 2017

Background:Even though diabetes mellitus (DM) has been considered a “Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) equivalent”, that is still controversial, especially in a contemporary population subject to optimized treatment.Objective:We aimed to assess the cardiovascular risk of diabetics by myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS).Methods:Consecutive patients who underwent MPS from 2008 to 2012 were studied. Perfusion scores were calculated, and abnormal MPS was defined as a summed stress score >3. Patients were followed for 3±1 years for all-cause death, which was compared between patients with DM (without known CAD) and patients with known CAD but without DM.Results:Among 3409 patients, 471 (13.8%) were diabetics without known CAD (DM group) and 638 (18.7%) had CAD without diabetes (CAD group). Annualized death rates were not significantly different between DM or CAD patients (0.9vs1.5%, p=0.09). With normal MPS, death rates were 0.7% for DM and 0.6% for CAD (p=0.8). With abnormal MPS, death rates increased similarly in the DM and CAD groups.Conclusions:In diabetic patients without known CAD, the rate of death was not significantly different from patients with prior CAD and without DM. Abnormal MPS increased risk similarly in diabetic patients and in those with CAD. These findings suggest that DM may still be considered a high-risk condition, comparable to known CAD, and effectively stratified by MPS.
Changes in Seasonality Index Over Sub-Divisions of India During 1951-2015
Authors: Nandargi S.S. , Mahto S.S. , Ram S. 
Published: August 2017

Background:The varied topographical features of the Indian region are responsible for variation in distribution of rainfall over different parts of the country. More than 80% of the country’s rainfall is received during the monsoon season. Researchers noted that there is change in distribution of this monsoon rainfall associated with climate change and global warming. This changing pattern in rainfall can be investigated by seasonality index (SI) of rainfall. Such studies are essential to identify the changes in runoff, infiltration, surface and groundwater management, agricultural planning,etc.Method:The variation in seasonality in rainfall over the Indian region is examined using monthly rainfall values for the period 1951 to 2015 of 34 meteorological sub-divisions excluding two Sea Islands. A seasonality index (SI) of a monthly rainfall is computed on monthly, seasonal (June to September) and annual scale. It is observed that seasonality index of rainfall of 34 sub-divisions for all months are in the range 0.37 (Jammu & Kashmir) to 1.56 (Saurashtra Kutch & Diu).Results:The results show that rainfall is markedly seasonal with a long dry season and most rainfall in less than three months. Most of the rainfall occurs in monsoon months. The seasonality index for monsoon season is computed and it varies from 0.19 (Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram,Tripura) to 0.59 (Saurashtra Kutch & Diu) resulting in rainfall spread throughout the year, but with a definite wetter season.Conclusion:Trends of this index through the 65-year period are identified and indicate that seasonality is increasing in Uttaranchal, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat Region-Dadra & Nagar Haveli; Saurashtra-Kutch & Diu, Konkan & Goa, Madhya Maharashtra, Marathwada, Chattisgarh, Tamilnadu & Pondicherry. The analysis clearly showed the climate change impact on northwest sub-divisions of the country showing increase in SI values leading to dryness during the monsoon season. The negative trend in SI values was observed in Sub- Himalayan West Bengal, Haryana-Delhi-Chandigarh, Punjab, Jammu & Kashmir, West and east Rajasthan, coastal Andhra Pradesh showing increasing wetness for an already wet months although rainfall occurs in a very short period of just a month or two.
Effects of Cyberbullying Experience and Cyberbullying Tendency on School Violence in Early Adolescence
Authors: Cho Mi-Kyoung , Kim Miyoung , Shin Gisoo 
Published: August 2017

Background:
School violence in early adolescence, whose frequency and status have recently changed significantly.

Objective:
This study attempts to detect the cyber bullying inclination of youth in early adolescence when aggressiveness reaches its peak, to identify school violence, and to develop a school violence prevention program. Method: This study was a survey research, investigating participants who were 470 middle school students in South Korea. For the analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and hierarchical regression analysis.

Results:
It is suggested that the school violence victimization experience and cyber bullying infliction experience has an influence in the school violence infliction. And the cyber bullying victimization experience and school violence victimization experience variables exert effects.

Conclusion:
The results of this study suggest that school nurses who are connecting to the community-school-home should take an active part in the development of school violence mediation education program, considering the cultural characteristics of the country.
Exercise Program-Related Psychosocial Changes Promote Healthy Weight in Youth
Authors: Annesi James J. 
Published: August 2017

Background:An inappropriately high weight in children is a predictor of health risks. Reliable interventions that are easily disseminated are needed.Objective:Based on findings with adults, exercise-support methods might be leveraged to change behavioral predictors of a healthy body composition in youth. Analyses of changes in theory-based psychological variables’ association with changes in body composition within the context of youth-tailored treatment are required.Method:A 45 minute/day, 4 day/week, social cognitive/self-efficacy theory-based after-school care protocol, Youth Fit 4 Life, was tested in children of a normal (n=54) and overweight/obese (n=32) body composition over a school year. The treatment’s emphasis was on improvements in mood, self-efficacy, and self-regulation related to physical activity. Validated self-report measures of negative mood, self-regulation, and self-efficacy, and BMI, were administered at baseline, and months 3 and 9. The prediction of BMI change from changes in the psychosocial variables was assessed using multiple regression analyses.Results:Change in BMI and improvements in the aforementioned psychosocial factors were significant over both 3 and 9 months, and did not differ between body composition groups. Analyses indicated that over 3 months, self-regulation change was a significant predictor of BMI change (β=-0.26, SE=0.05, P=0.03), while over 9 months, self-efficacy change significantly predicted BMI change (β=-0.21, SE=0.02, P=0.05).Conclusion:After replications and extensions focused also on eating behaviors, it was suggested that the inexpensive and efficient Youth Fit 4 Life protocol might be scalable across community venues to address childhood overweight and obesity.
Comparison of Two Coal-Gasifier-Designs with Moving-Bed and Internal-Circulating-Fluidized-Bed Configuration in One Reactor
Authors: Schurz Martin , Laugwitz Alexander , Krzack Steffen , Meyer Bernd 
Published: August 2017

Background:Coal gasification is the promising technology for syngas routes to produce chemicals or transportation fuels. Additionally, it enables clean power generation from coal in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC). So far, coal fines with high ash contents could not be feasibly used in such routes.In this regard, the Internal Circulation gasifier (INCI) is designed to gasify high-ash coal fines efficiently. The staged system is combining a moving bed, a fluidized bed and a jetting fluidized bed in one reaction chamber.Method:The present paper substantially describes the laboratory-scale prototype development in the COORVED-project (“CO2-reduction by innovative gasifier design”) based on the INCI gasification principle of about 50-125 kW thermal input. Information about the gasifiers compounding, especially the reaction chamber, peripheral components and applied measurement systems are given.Results:Experimental results are presented, confirming the targeted, typical flow pattern inside the reaction chamber. Furthermore technical and operational limits of the COORVED prefiguration are discussed. Based on these results a major design change of the reaction chamber is required and explained in detail. Additionally, results of the feedstock variation from coke to lignite are shown.Conclusion:Finally, the operability of the INCI gasification principle is proven by a stationary operating system with controlled ash agglomeration.
Revisando la investigación cerámica en Tingambato, Michoacán. Una propuesta de caracterización petrográfica
Authors: Castañón Suárez Mijaely Antonieta , Punzo Díaz José Luis 
Published: August 2017

Este artículo presenta una revisión de estudios cerámicos en Tingambato, Michoacán, intentando solucionar el problema de inconmensurabilidad entre ellos y propone un primer acercamiento a la caracterización petrográfica de la cerámica. Para el análisis se aplicaron las técnicas de fluorescencia por inducción de luz ultravioleta y análisis petrográfico con láminas delgadas; la primera fue empleada como una prueba experimental para identificar diferencias en una muestra bastante grande para después reducirla a un número viable para la laminación, la cual resultó exitosa. La petrografía en láminas delgadas aporta información sobre composición mineralógica, particularidades en la técnica de manufactura y una primera aproximación que permite proponer regiones de extracción de materiales. Lo que da una nueva perspectiva sobre los procesos de manufactura que emplearon los ceramistas de este importante sitio arqueológico.