bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Sport-Related Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections (SSTIs): An Ongoing Problem Among a Diverse Range of Athletes
Authors: Mitchell Justin J. , Jackson J. Mark , Anwar Azam , Singleton Steven B. 
Published: January 2018

➢ Skin and soft-tissue infections have become increasingly common in the sports world. Recent reports have shown that these infections are prevalent throughout all arenas of sport, and efforts to decrease colonization of bacteria and fungi are now essential for preventing the development of SSTIs.➢ Education on cleansing and hygiene are a vital part of this process, and, as such, the team physician and the team athletic trainers play an important role in the education of the athlete and all members of the athletic team.➢ The impact of SSTIs on individuals and the athletic team may be severe and have the potential for notable consequences, including loss of playing time, hospitalization, and even surgery. Continued efforts to better understand and to prevent the development of SSTIs are paramount.
Predisposition of 7–10-year-old children to accommodative spasm – findings from studies on the quality of binocular vision
Authors: Puchalska-Niedbał Lidia , Kulik Urszula , Czepita Damian 
Published: January 2018

Wstęp: Celem pracy była ocena jakości widzenia obuocznego oparta na pomiarach wybranych parametrów charakteryzujących funkcję układu wzrokowego wśród dzieci szkolnych oraz identyfikacja objawów związanych z akomodacją.Materiały i metody: Przeprowadzono badania okulistyczne u 300 dzieci (180 dziewczynek, 120 chłopców) w wieku 7–10 lat. Zaplanowane zostały dwie części: a) ankietowa – wywiad na temat dolegliwości towarzyszących skurczowi akomodacji i heteroforii; b) okulistyczna – ocena przedniego odcinka i dna oczu, pomiar ostrości wzroku do dali, badanie refrakcji przed cykloplegią i po cykloplegii, ruchomości i ustawienia oczu, pomiar zdysocjowanej forii horyzontalnej do bliży i do dali metodą Maddoxa. Otrzymane wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej za pomocą programu Statistica 10. Wartość p < 0,05 uznano za statystycznie znamienną.Wyniki: Stwierdzono następujące wady refrakcji: emmetropia (u 52 dzieci), nadwzroczność (9 dzieci), krótkowzroczność (239 dzieci). Skurcz akomodacji występował u 10 dzieci (3,5–8 Dsph). Heteroforia: u większości dzieci występowała egzoforia (do bliży – u 240 dzieci; do dali – u 112 dzieci). Egzoforia do bliży była w przedziale 5–12 Dpryzm. Wśród dzieci z dobrą ostrością wzroku wynoszącą 1,0 (218 dzieci) egzoforię stwierdzono u 180 (p = 0,29307). Brak odruchu zbieżności najczęściej obserwowano u 158 dzieci z egzoforią do bliży (p = 0,14929).Wnioski: Skargi na bóle głowy i oczu najczęściej zgłaszały dzieci ze zdysocjowaną poziomą forią odbiegającą od przyjętej normy. Trudności ze skupieniem w trakcie czytania z bliska oraz objawy o charakterze pogorszenia widzenia najczęściej zgłaszały dzieci z nieprawidłową wartością zdysocjowanej forii, która prawdopodobnie predysponowała do skurczu akomodacji.
Ocena stężenia wybranych hormonów w surowicy oraz ocena morfologiczna, histochemiczna i immunohistochemiczna gruczołu krokowego z łagodnym rozrostem i ze współistniejącym zespołem metabolicznym
Authors: Rył Aleksandra 
Published: January 2018

Wstęp: Łagodny rozrost gruczołu krokowego (BPH) jest jedną z najczęstszych chorób występujących u mężczyzn w przebiegu procesu starzenia się. Udowodniono istnienie związku między zaburzeniami diagnozowanymi w przebiegu zespołu metabolicznego (MetS) a objętością stercza. Zespół metaboliczny może być jednym z czynników progresji BPH.Celem badań była ocena wpływu stężeń wybranych hormonów oraz ocena morfologiczna, histochemiczna i immunohistochemiczna prostaty mężczyzn z BPH i współistniejącym MetS.Materiały i metody: Badania przeprowadzono u 151 mężczyzn ze zdiagnozowanym i leczonym operacyjnie BPH. Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 142 mężczyzn bez BPH. Mężczyzn z grupy badanej i kontrolnej podzielono na podgrupy bez zdiagnozowanego MetS oraz ze zdiagnozowanym MetS. W obu grupach oznaczono parametry antropometryczne, a w surowicy oznaczono parametry metaboliczne i stężenie wybranych hormonów: testosteronu całkowitego i testosteronu wolnego, estradiolu, insuliny, siarczanu dehydroepiandrosteronu, hormonu luteinizującego oraz białka wiążącego hormony płciowe i insulinopodobnego czynnika wzrostu 1. Na skrawkach wykonano reakcję immunohistochemiczną na identyfikację receptora androgenowego (AR) i estrogenowego α (ERα) oraz jądrowego antygenu proliferacyjnego (PCNA). Wykonano również reakcję histochemiczną na identyfikację apoptozy metodą TUNEL. Przygotowane preparaty zostały zeskanowane i poddane komputerowej analizie obrazu.Wyniki i wnioski: Wykazano, że zaburzenie profilu lipidowego w surowicy oraz zespół metaboliczny były czynnikami zwiększającymi ryzyko wystąpienia BPH. Zmiany stężenia parametrów metabolicznych, hormonalnych i białek nie miały wpływu na stopnień nasilenia objawów klinicznych towarzyszących BPH. Zespół metaboliczny zdiagnozowany u pacjentów z BPH nie miał wpływu na lokalizację i ekspresję AR i ERα w komórkach prostaty. Zaburzenia metaboliczne diagnozowane w przebiegu BPH mogą mieć jednak wpływ na zmianę równowagi między liczbą komórek AR(+) i ERα(+) a parametrami gospodarki hormonalnej. Zespół metaboliczny zdiagnozowany u pacjentów z BPH nie miał wpływu na liczbę komórek TUNEL(+) i PCNA(+) w gruczole krokowym. Istotnym czynnikiem powodującym zmniejszenie liczby komórek TUNEL(+) oraz zwiększenie liczby komórek PCNA(+) u pacjentów z BPH było występowanie otyłości centralnej.
Wpływ diety niskowęglowodanowej na stan zdrowia człowieka
Authors: Zielińska Martyna , Buczkowska-Radlińska Jadwiga 
Published: January 2018

Dieta niskowęglowodanowa budzi najwięcej kontrowersji spośród wszystkich modeli żywienia ostatnich lat. Odwraca znaną wszystkim piramidę żywienia, demonizuje stanowiące jej podstawę węglowodany oraz zaleca spożywanie dużych ilości tłuszczów, także tych zwierzęcych. Polecana przez wielu dietetyków i lekarzy, negowana i niedoceniana przez innych, wciąż stanowi wielką zagadkę. Taki sposób żywienia towarzyszył ludzkości od początków istnienia, jednak wraz zrozwojem cywilizacji, po wprowadzeniu przetworzonych produktów bogatych w węglowodany, stracił na popularności. Istnieje wiele doniesień na temat pozytywnego wpływu diety ograniczającej podaż węglowodanów na stan zdrowia człowieka.Celem pracy było zebranie dostępnych informacji na temat oddziaływania diety niskowęglowodanowej na zdrowie ogólne człowieka oraz uzębienie i stan jamy ustnej.
A Study on the Use of Multiphase Flow Meters for Complex Condensate Production Testing in Pakistan
Authors: Waseem Muhammad Fahd , Butt Muhammad Sohaib , Abbas Asad , Javed Rizwan , Awan Mohammad Saleem , Nawaz Ahmad 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Field production testing is commonly done for the purposes of monitoring field production, observing productivity trends, determining fiscal allocation and field contributions. In Pakistan, production tests are used to measure flow rates to update reservoir parameters, monitor field decline, and to allocate portions of total central facility production to specific fields and wells. A major portion of fields in Pakistan flow from wet gas or gas condensate reservoirs, and these are typically the most challenging to accurately test.
Conventional test separators have long been used for well testing and flow metering. They physically separate the phases and the individual phases are metered using dedicated methods, that have been fine-tuned over decades. Multiple tanks and pumps are used in conjunction with the separators to complete the well test package and handle separated fluids.
Multiphase flowmeters (MPFMs), however, are a much more compact technology with significant operational benefits and have matured and gained acceptance over the past two decades. They continuously measure three-phase flow rates without requiring separation. Many MPFMs have no moving parts, making them more mechanically reliable. The capability for continuous monitoring enables quick, well-informed decisions to be made on well performance.
MPFMs bring distinct advantages over conventional well testing equipment for the purposes of production testing. The unseparated stream can be re-injected into the production line, and there is zero impact on the production plant operations. Use of MPFMs results in faster tests because of quicker parameter stability, wider dynamic range and shorter rig up times. MPFM setups also have smaller, lighter physical footprints, which do not require large pressure-energized vessels, so associated health and safety risks are lower. Often, the costs to the operating company are lower because of reduced equipment and personnel requirements.
In this paper, we present a study where an advanced dual-energy gamma venturi MPFM was used to test multiple wells in multiple complex condensate gas fields. We discuss the performance of the MPFM against a given set of metrological expectations, and provide an analysis of a comparison test done inline with a conventional test separator. Finally, based on these analyses, we present the advantages and challenges of using MPFMs for production testing and surveys in different fields in Pakistan.
Estimation of GIIP & Aquifer Strength in Stacked Reservoirs using Allocation Tool: A Case Study
Authors: Pervez Tariq , Zafar Jahangeer , Azeem Abdul 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In stacked reservoirs with limited accumulation, it's a practice to produce reservoirs commingled, but there are always challenges in the allocation of production and estimation of in-place for such reservoirs. This paper presents an analytical approach using Material Balance (MBALTM) reservoir allocation tool for allocating production and inplace estimates on individual basis for such reservoirs.
MBALTM allocation tool, unlike the traditional allocation approach of using product of (kh), works in a twostep process; (i) Defining inflow for an individual well at each time step and (ii) Setting up Material Balance model that accounts for the rate of depletion which will correct inflows at each time step. This study highlights the approach of MBal reservoir allocation tool on a gas field with significant water production, producing from two different units of Sand-1. In this regard, determination of GIIP and aquifer strength was a great challenge. Production logging data was acquired which showed significant gas and water production from bottom unit of Sand-1. Bottom hole flowing pressure (BHFP) and individual zonal contribution in terms of rate acquired from production logging data was used as a history matching parameter. Regression of darcy and non-darcy parameters aids in matching production logging results, which in turn develops inflow performance for an individual layer at each time step. Apart from this, measured static bottom-hole pressure (SBHP) was used in order to determine the impact of depletion at each time step, further supplementing development of inflow performance.
Finally, production data on individual reservoir level was determined based on production logging data calibration, supplemented by static pressures matched using gas and aquifer volume. Matched results estimated Sand-1 Unit-1 GIIP to be around 74 Bcf with depletion drive trend, whereas bottom unit exhibited weak to moderate water drive behavior with GIIP of around 19 Bcf. Based on these results, bottom unit wasn't isolated and left open to drain remaining potential, thereby outrunning the aquifer in order to maximize its recovery.
In scenarios, where we are producing from multiple reservoirs, production from reservoir with inferior quality is masked by prolific reservoir, whereas on other side reservoirs with significant water production masks reservoir with water free production. It is necessary to plan development and depletion strategies for such reservoirs, but prior that price in terms of potential needs to be addressed. Using this technique, one can overcome challenges in multiple stacked reservoirs.
Evaluation of Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) Using CO2 in a Limestone Formation through Compositional Simulation
Authors: Munawar Muhammad Dawood , Rao Dandina , Khan Mohammad 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) is a relatively new gas flooding Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technique developed at Louisiana State University (LSU) to increase oil recovery by application of miscible and immiscible gas injection processes (using CO2, N2, and hydrocarbon or flue gases). This paper describes the evaluation of application of this technique to a limestone formation in North Western Pakistan using fully compositional commercial reservoir simulator.
A sector model was taken out of a full field history matched simulation model for subject gas condensate/oil field in North Western part of Pakistan. A seven component fluid model was developed and calibrated against available PVT experimental data using a commercial PVT modeling package and multiple contact miscibility tests were simulated to estimate Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP). Phase behavior calculations indicated minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) to be ~ 5000 psia using 100 % CO2 as an injected fluid. Following this, subject reservoir performance was evaluated by placing wells in different configurations. Oil recovery forecasts were projected for different development scenarios including base case primary pressure depletion, Continuous Gas Injection (CGI), Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection and Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD).
Simulations indicate that GAGD is a viable development strategy for said reservoir. However, as soon as, injected gas encounters low pressure near well – bore region across producer, it breaks out through path of least resistance and after breakthrough small production rates are possible, hence increasing post breakthrough project operating expenditure (OPEX). Therefore, key is to delay gas breakthrough for as long as possible. If well placement is properly optimized, GAGD results in a recovery factor of ~ 53 % for said reservoir in comparison to 26 % for base case development scenario. Effect of vertical permeability anisotropy (kv/kh ratio) is also investigated and indicates that even for a very low kv/kh ratio of 0.1, ~ 50 % recovery factor can be achieved for said reservoir. It is recommended to give due consideration to well placement before commencement of a GAGD project. Before applying this technique on a full field scale, it is recommended to launch a small – scale pilot project for field testing to get more realistic recovery predictions.
This work screens and makes case for application of gas EOR in fractured limestone formation resulting in an increment of ~ 27 % in recovery factor in an area where enhanced development techniques are not traditionally practiced.
Quantification of Reservoir Flow using Noise and Temperature Logging
Authors: Hammad Muhammad , Ahmad Muneeb , Siddiqi Sarmad S. , Siddiqui Amir M. , Kuzyutin Roman 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
One of the main challenges in a water drive gas reservoir is to track fluid movement as water breakthroughs occur frequently with depletion. The understanding becomes more challenging when the structure contains seismic/sub-seismic faults with the associated drive mechanism being edge water. Moreover, surveillance options are also limited for such reservoirs if they are producing through short string of a dual completion.
Dual string completion is a cost-efficient technique as multiple reservoirs can be completed in a single wellbore. However, surveillance / logging cannot be performed across perforation intervals of upper reservoir due to operational concerns. As a result, the short string production can only be surveyed through the long string with the help of tools which have deep scanning radius extending beyond tubing and casing into the formation. One example of these advanced tools is Spectral Noise Logging (SNL) combined with High Precision Temperature (HPT) logging which have been used worldwide for such applications.
This paper presents SNL-HPT results of two dual string wells completed in Eocene age carbonate reservoir. A total of nine wells are producing from the reservoir and the Gas water contact (GWC) was not encountered in any of the wells. Selected wells are located on either side of the structure with Well A producing 1.0 MMscfd gas and 1300 bbls/d water while Well B is producing 2.0 MMscfd gas and 800 bbls/d water.
The reason of high water production from both wells was initially attributed to the presence of a high permeability streak in lower part of the reservoir and/or possibility of channeling behind casing. However, results of the SNL-HPT in both wells indicate signatures of fault or fracture flow. The major water production is coming from the middle and lower part of reservoir.
Based on these results, the trajectory of one development well was optimized. The perforation interval of another well was also decided in accordance with the SNL-HPT findings, which resulted in water-free gas production.
Quantification of reservoir flow profile in short string of dual completion well is possible through noise and temperature logging. This information would help in deciding appropriate workover strategy in existing wells and completion design of new development wells.
Successful Planning and Execution of a Waterflooding Project to Improve Oil Recovery in a Heterogeneous Reservoir
Authors: Abid Syed M , Khalid Waleed , Khan Tajamal , Awase Azar 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The paper presents a case study to improve recovery in a heterogeneous depletion drive oil reservoir by pressure maintenance through waterflooding, which was designed by analyzing seismic attribute and well tests data and incorporating it in a reservoir simulation model.
X Field is an undersaturated oil field which has been accessed by two wells. It is an extremely heterogeneous reservoir with X-1 being a prolific producer while X-2 having no production due to significant facies variation in the reservoir over a short distance (~2km). The field displays depletion drive behavior with rapid pressure decline over low recovery. A reservoir simulation study was undertaken to improve recovery and arrest pressure decline. Attribute analysis and well tests data helped address heterogeneity of the reservoir by predicting the facies distribution throughout the reservoir. These learning's were incorporated into a reservoir simulation model and a line drive water injection pattern was determined as the optimal method to improve recovery in X Field. A new well, X-WIW, was drilled to start injection and sidewall cores were acquired from it. Multiple lab tests were performed on these cores to confirm injected water compatibility with the formation while the well's injection rates and surface parameters were closely monitored to help minimize reservoir damage and achieve continuous injection.
Using seismic attribute analysis, a good facies zone was identified for drilling X-WIW for line drive water injection pattern. Well results showed good quality sand which laid further credence to the facies distribution model. MDT showed depleted pressure in X-WIW, therby confirming connectivity between X-1 and X-WIW. Sidewall cores were obtained and multiple tests performed, including Capillary Suction Test (CST), XRD Analysis, Sludge Test and Core Flow Test, which showed no presence of swelling clays and good formation compatibility with injection water. Prior to injection, X-1 was shut in to preserve reservoir energy and current bottomhole reservoir pressure was measured. Upon receiving these lab results, injection was initiated successfully, with X-WIW injecting 2500 bwpd while keeping X-1 shut-in. Periodic measurements of bottomhole pressure were taken at X-1 to observe injection response. The pressure at X-1 was measured to be steadily increasing indicating successful voidage replacement. The most significant new finding was the accurate prediction of the pattern of variation of petrophysical properties through seismic attribute analysis and well tests data which enabled X-WIW to be a successful injector and helped in improving the recovery of X Field.
Prior to this water injection project, X Field was predicted to have a recovery factor of 21% which has now been improved to 35%. This significant increase in recovery was made possible by the successful implementation of the water flooding project in a heterogeneous and stratigraphically complex field.
Temperature Simulation: An Integrated Approach
Authors: Ahmed Hassaan , Ali Syed Dost , Ansari Muhammad Mubashir , Farid Syed Munib , Khan Muhammad Wahaj , Shaukat Athar , Jamil Aamir 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The case study presents an integrated workflow with the focus on the thermal analysis of the completion string, wellhead and surface network. The research outcome are the temperature profiles under various production scenarios that are used as the justification of the installation of wellhead cooler on an exploratory well of lower Indus basin in Pakistan.
The advent of deep well drilling in high temperature and high pressure formations posed serious concerns for drilling, completion and facility design engineers as these are one of the key parameters for material and fluid selection for completion string. The uncertainty in these parameters throughout the operational life of the well may cause an over-designed or underdesigned well completion and production facility. The equation gets further complex if the inherent uncertainty in type and quantity of produced fluids is neglected or underestimated. To overcome these challenges, a workflow considering the downhole completion considerations and wellhead treatment of produced fluid; in consideration of wellhead temperature; is proposed.
This paper presents reservoir and completion design considerations of an exploratory well in lower indus basin. Effect of various production scenarios on temperature profile are considered based on the possible drive mechanisms of hydrocarbon production. The analysis includes the development of completion string model for well S-X1 and coupling the same with the hydrocarbon processing facility through surface network. The model is calibrated using history matching of temperature profile using the production data and sensitivity analysis of various parameters was performed. Based on the simulation results, it was observed that the proposed workflow using industry standard commercial software for thermal analysis is a more realistic approach for temperature prediction using production profiles.
The proposed workflow will serve as the guidelines for wellhead and surface facility design under various expected production scenarios.