bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender inequality in global water security
Authors: Kakinuma Kaoru , Wada Yoshihide 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ensuring universal and equitable access to water and sanitation for all by 2030 (United Nations Agenda 2030, Sustainable Development Goal or SDG 6) is one of the most important goals for the world. 785 million people do not still have access to basic drinking water services. This burden disproportionately affects women, who are often responsible for collecting water from distant sources in regions with limited or no water supply systems. Understanding the spatial patterns of socio-demographic and hydrological factors is key to address the interlinked challenges of gender equality and water security under SDG 5 (‘Achieve gender equality’) and SDG 6. While the challenges women face in securing water are widely recognized, quantitative analysis of gender inequality in global water security has not previously been studied. Here, we present, to our knowledge the first global assessment of gender inequality in water security. We measured water security by examining both water access and water scarcity (hereafter, water stress), incorporating population data for working-age individuals and children. We integrated this hydrological and demographic information at a spatial resolution of approximately 10 km from 2000 to 2014 when the information is available. Our results showed that more working-age women than men experience poor water access, particularly in Africa. In addition, women in countries with high water insecurity, defined as high water stress and poor water access—such as Burkina Faso, Togo, and Somalia—primary conduct water collection. Our results indicate significant gender-based differences in water security, with women frequently remaining in rural areas characterized by poor water access. These inequalities could be further intensified by climate change and socio-economic factors.
Severity of a megafire reduced by interactions of wildland fire suppression operations and previous burns
Authors: Harris Lucas B , Farris Calvin A , Niziolek Dani , Taylor Alan H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Burned area and proportion of high severity fire have been increasing in the western USA, and reducing wildfire severity with fuel treatments or other means is key for maintaining fire-prone dry forests and avoiding fire-catalyzed forest loss. Despite the unprecedented scope of firefighting operations in recent years, their contribution to patterns of wildfire severity is rarely quantified. Here we investigate how wildland fire suppression operations and past fire severity interacted to affect severity patterns of the northern third of the 374 000 ha Dixie Fire, the largest single fire in California history. We developed a map of the intensity and type of suppression operations and a statistical model of the Composite Burn Index (CBI) including weather, fuels, and terrain variables during the fire to quantify the importance of operations and prior fires on wildfire severity. Wildfire severity was estimated without operations and previous fires and then compared with modeled severity under observed conditions. Previous low and moderate-severity fire without operations decreased CBI by 38% and 19% respectively. Heavy operations and offensive firing in the footprint of past fires lowered fire severity even more compared to prior fire alone. Medium operations and defensive firing reduced but did not eliminate the moderating effects of past fires. This analysis demonstrates important interactions between suppression operations and previous burns that drive patterns of fire severity and vegetation dynamics in post-fire landscapes. Given the need to reduce wildfire severity to maintain forest resilience, particularly with a warming climate, increased attention to using operations and severity patterns of previous fires known to reduce wildfire severity in megafires are likely to increase forest resilience and improve ecological outcomes.
Higher-rank sectors in the hexagon formalism and marginal deformations
Authors: Eden Burkhard , le Plat Dennis , Spiering Anne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The hexagon approach provides an integrability framework for the computation of structure constants in

N

=

4

super Yang–Mills theory in four dimensions. Three-point functions are cut into two hexagonal patches, on which the excitations of the long-range Bethe ansatz of the spectrum problem scatter. To this end, the Bethe states representing the operators also need to be cut into two parts. In rank-one sectors such entangled states are fairly straightforward to construct so that most applications of the method have so far been restricted to this simplest case. In this article we construct entangled states for operators in

p
s
u
(
1
,
1

|

2
)

sectors, importing a minimum of information from the nested Bethe ansatz. The idea is successfully tested against free field theory for a sample set of correlators with up to three higher-rank operators. Further, we take a look at the same correlators in the presence of marginal deformations of the theory. While a systematic modification of the hexagon procedure remains out of reach for now, in practical applications the undeformed amplitudes are surprisingly efficient, especially for a certain one-parameter deformation.
Analysis of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) stock in Banten Bay waters based on spawning potential ratio methods
Authors: Aulia I , Khalifa M A , Rahmawati A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Blue Swimming Crab (BSC) (Portunus pelagicus) is the main commodity in Banten Bay with fishing activity throughout the year. The increasing fishing pressure has led to a decrease in the average size of the BSC carapace width. This situation is indicative of overfishing of BSC and it can have negative effects on the stock of BSC. This study aimed to determine the stock and condition status of BSC based on the results of research conducted from December 2021 to February 2022 in the waters around Banten Bay. Data were collected using direct observation and simple random sampling from fishers at each landing site with a total sample of 7244 consisting of 4448 males and 2796 females. Data analysis using the Fisat II and web-based application http://barefootecologist.com.au/. The results showed that the stock status of BSC in Banten Bay resulted in an SPR value of 21% or below the sustainability target. The catch of BSC males was more than females with a ratio of 1.59:1. The length at first capture (Lc) females was 117.3 mm and the length at first mature/adult (Lm) was 103 mm. The length at first capture size was greater than the length at first mature which showed catch-worthy.
Haplotype diversity of coastal horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas, Muller 1785) based on 16S rRNA gene markers as a basis for conservation
Authors: Kurniawan C , Samosir A M , Mashar A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Tachypleus gigas is one of horseshoe crab species found in Indonesia, but does not have sufficient molecular biology information available. This study aims to predict the populations health of T. gigas from the waters of Langkat, Semarang, and Bintan; through analysis of haplotype diversity based on 16S rRNA gene markers. The observation was conducted from November 2022 until April 2023. Sample’s total DNA was isolated, extracted, amplified and then sequenced to obtain the nucleotide base sequence. The BLASTn results showed that the samples were validated as Tachypleus gigas and the genetic distance between locations showed a close kinship relationship between the three. The population health of the horseshoe crabs from Langkat and Semarang were indicated good with high haplotype diversity values, meanwhile the Bintan indicated poor health with low haplotype diversity values. This study of haplotype diversity provided the starting point to the conservation of horseshoe crab T. gigas
The relationship between coral fish diversity and ecosystem services as an added value for the sustainable development: Evidence in Tanjung Lesung SEZ, Banten Province, Indonesia
Authors: Kusuma O R , Adrianto L , Kurniawan F , Mulyawati L S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study aims to explore the relationship between the diversity of coral fish resources and ecosystem services as added value in the development of sustainable Special Economic Zones (SEZs). The existence of SEZs has become an economic focal point, making the balance of the natural environment increasingly crucial to support long-term economic growth. Data collection for this research was conducted through field surveys to assess the diversity of coral fish resources, including species, abundance, and distribution in Tanjung Lesung. The data was further analyzed to determine the added value of ecosystem services to SEZ development, which includes provisioning services and cultural services. The results of the study revealed a significant relationship between the diversity of coral fish resources and ecosystem services in the area. High levels of species and resources diversity positively contribute to food availability for communities, as well as enhancing cultural services, such as tourism. Additionally, coral fish naturally plays a vital role in maintaining ecosystem balance and ensuring the survival of other species in the food chain. The findings of this research provide a deeper understanding of the importance of sustainability and governance of coral fish resources in supporting the development of SEZs. This study also serves as a foundation for policy planning that focuses on responsible and sustainable utilization of coral fish resources to achieve balanced long-term economic development in harmony with aspect of environmental conservation.
Social media influence on the promotion of sustainable fisheries management: Insight from Indonesian blue swimming crab
Authors: Darmawan D , Sutinem  , Yaskun M , Taqiyuddin MW , Maulydya FYD 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Blue swimming crab is one of potential fisheries commodities in Indonesia that has been mainly exported to America. Crab industry contributed to national economy due to high export volume and value. The use of social media has surged due to digitalization, becoming a crucial marketing strategy for maximizing business profits. The role of social media in non-profit organizations for fisheries sustainability campaigns remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze to the role of social media in promoting sustainable blue swimming crab fisheries programs in Indonesia. Data was collected for 14 days from 31 social media users on various platforms, such as Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, and YouTube. SmartPLS 3.2.9 was applied to analyze the effect of recall, recognition, alternative, and recalling on blue swimming crabs fishery programs on interaction and effectiveness consumer brand engagement (CBE). Results showed that the most recognized fisheries sustainability programs for blue swimming crabs were crab apartment and GTK-5 Minutes. Meanwhile, the crab enlargement program and APRI Youth Innovation were known through moment-open recruitment. Knowing and following APRI’s social media has significant effect on CBE’s interaction and effectiveness. Social media could also be used as a marketing strategy to promote sustainable fisheries management programs The research reveals the significance of social media in fostering consumer engagement and promoting sustainable practices in fisheries management programs by non-profit organization through effective marketing strategies.
A microphysiological assay for studying T-cell chemotaxis, trafficking and tumor killing
Authors: Grandhi Taraka Sai Pavan , Mebrahtu Makda , Musso Ryan , Fullman Alexis , Nifong Brady , Wisdom Katrina , Roh Terrence T , Sender Matthew , Poore Derek , Macdougall Claire E , Oren Ravit , Griffin Sue , Cheng Aaron T , Ekert Jason E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Tumors in patients non-responsive to immunotherapy harbor a series of barriers that impede the efficacy of effector T-cells. Consequently, therapeutically modulating the chemotaxis machinery to enable effector T cell infiltration and function in the tumor could result in more successful therapeutic outcomes. Complex in-vitro models allow re-creation of in-vivo tumor complexities in an in-vitro setting, allowing improved translatability to patient biology at the laboratory scale. We identified a gap in available industrial scale microphysiological (MPS) assays for faster validation of targets and strategies that enable T-cell chemotaxis and effector function within tumor microenvironments. Using a commercially available, 96-chip 2-lane microfluidic assay system, we present a novel, scalable, complex in vitro MPS assay to study 3D T-cell chemotaxis and function within native, extracellular matrix (ECM)-rich multicellular tumor environments. Activated or naïve CD3+ T-cells stained with far-red nuclear stain responded to the chemokine gradients generated within the matrigel-collagen ECM by migrating into the microfluidic channel (∼5 mm horizontal window), in a concentration- and cell type-dependent manner. Furthermore, we observed and tracked chemotaxis and cancer cell killing function of antigen-specific CD4.CD8. chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells that responded to CXCR3 agonist gradient built through the expansive 5 mm of cancer cell colony containing stroma. The 2-lane assay system yielded useful information regarding donor and dose-dependent differences in CAR-T cell chemotaxis and tumor killing. The scalable assay system allows a granular window into immune cell migration and function in tissue spaces beyond endothelium, addressing a missing gap in studying tissue-specific immune cell chemotaxis and function to bring forward advancements in cancer immunotherapy.
Synthesis of magnetic spinal ferrite CrFe2O4 nanoparticles and uses them to remove lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions
Authors: Hammood Ahmed Yousif , AL- Tememi Muhand K. , Abdulnabi Zuhair Ali , Majed Ahmed A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study deals with the preparation of a magnetic ferrite CrFe2O4 by the sol–gel auto-combustion method, using the lemon juice extract as a fuel for the reaction and preventing the precipitation of the components. The prepared nanocomposite was diagnized using various techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, Zeta Potential and (BET). X-ray diffraction patterns verified the state of phase purity and the particle size of 33.9 nm. Additionally the study examined the synthesized compound as an adsorbent surface for lead and cadmium ions from their aqueous solutions. The mathematical formulae of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to the actual adsorption data utilising the findings from the temperature effect studies. As a result, the Freundlich equation yielded a more correlated linear link than the Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic results showed that the lead and cadmium ions adsorption were endothermic according to the positive (ΔH) values, whereas the lead and cadmium ion adsorption process were spontaneous with negative (ΔG) values. Positive values of (ΔS) indicate an increase in the randomness of the adsorption process. The current study also comprises the practical application of eliminating lead and cadmium ions from marine waters collected from two sites: Al-Faw Al-Kabir Port (Eastern Breaker) and Khor Al-Zubair (berth 13), by means of the prepared surface. The results indicate the removal percentage of the prepared surface for lead was (91.72%) for the first location and (86.00%) for the second location, whereas the removal percentage of cadmium was (85.52%) for the first site and (89.10%) for the second site.
Contingent Property
Authors: Ho Jean 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 introduces contingent property as a category of new property in international law, and evaluates the extent to which assimilation to property offers a more rewarding avenue for redressing violations to a person, a thing, or a right. It further demonstrates that while international law has been applied to regulate contingent property, practice has been sporadic and uneven, resulting in an international law that is adequate as a remedial law in some contexts, and lacking in others. Section 2 takes a closer look at the motivations and conditions for assimilating a range of things and rights to property and how the assimilation breeds expectations regarding the corrective function of contingent property. Section 3 showcases the extent to which these expectations are met across different types of contingent property, namely, jurisdictional rights, humans and human rights, and economic rights. Drawing on the different types of contingent property canvassed in the preceding section, Section 4 ventures that international law’s capacity for contingent property regulation and protection reflects a symbiotic relationship between the emergence of contingent property and the development of international law content, which can either sustain or suppress contingent property. Section 5 concludes.
The Regulation of Actors and Actions Affecting New Property
Authors: Ho Jean 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 investigates the adequacy of existing procedural and substantive redress in international law with respect to actors and actions affecting new property. It also posits that the outlook for new property regulation can only be assessed in light of any articulated shortcomings besetting the status quo. To this end, Section 2 identifies six configurations of sanctionable new property interference, featuring new property-interfering actors undertaking new property-interfering actions. Building on these configurations, Section 3 demonstrates how international law lags behind the rise of new property and its personalities by failing to provide satisfactory procedural and substantive redress for interference. Procedural redress is hampered by stringent conditions attached to the jurisdictional authority of international courts and tribunals, as well as overlapping jurisdictions across different dispute settlement bodies. Substantive redress is hampered by the availability of only state-centric or individual-centric remedies for property interference in narrowly defined settings. Drawing together the dawn of new problems presented in Section 2, and the current obstacles to redress reviewed in Section 3, Section 4 considers the propriety of viewing international law as a complex adaptive system capable of self-correction, and the factors that inform the promise of self-correction. Section 5 concludes.
Concluding Remarks
Authors: Ho Jean 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Concluding Remarks draw on the five preceding substantive chapters to posit that international law’s current ineptitude towards new property regulation is the result of its subversion by corporate, capitalist forces. The capture began when mighty European trading companies managed to invoke international law to justify their blatant use of force to dominate trading routes and concessions in Asia. Over time, the corporate, capitalist orientation of international law became evident from the complete absence of provisions in international instruments that are enforceable against corporations and individuals illegally trading cultural property for profit, from the complete absence of provisions in international instruments that are enforceable against corporations and individuals over-harvesting common property for profit, and from the complete absence of provisions in international instruments that are enforceable against corporations and individuals extorting contingent property for profit. The Concluding Remarks thus advocate a step away from treaties to plaster over the striking content deficiencies in international law, and a step towards less institutionalized, less centralized forms of regulation as gap-fillers.
How important is important? A commentary on ‘Temporal turnover of Ceratobasidiaceae orchid mycorrhizal fungal communities with ontogenetic and phenological development in Prasophyllum (Orchidaceae)’
Authors: Jacquemyn Hans 
Published: October 2024

This article comments on:
Marc Freestone, Noushka Reiter, Nigel D. Swarts and Celeste C. Linde, Temporal turnover of Ceratobasidiaceae orchid mycorrhizal fungal communities with ontogenetic and phenological development in Prasophyllum (Orchidaceae), Annals of Botany, Volume 134, Issue 6, 31 December 2024, Pages 933–947, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae089
Offspring may succeed well next to their relatives, but it needs particular traits
Authors: Zhang Keliang , Deniau Maud , Jung Vincent , Béchade Benoît , Gousbet Valérie , Brunellière Margot , Yguel Benjamin , Prinzing Andreas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
There is ongoing debate about whether offspring perform best next to phylogenetically distantly related adult neighbours (due to the scarcity of enemies and competitors) or next to closely related adults (due to the abundance of mutualists). Here we hypothesize that relatedness of adult neighbours affects which traits confer performance rather than performance itself.

Methods
We studied seed removal, seed germination and sapling growth in sessile oaks (Quercus petraea and hybrids) and how they depend on size, shape and other traits, under both closely and distantly related canopies, manipulating offspring density, presence of insects and fungi, and spatial proximity to oaks.

Key Results
We found that phylogenetic distance of adult neighbours affects only little the performance of offspring but strongly affects which traits confer performance on offspring, in particular the size and shape of seeds and saplings. Differences in trait–performance relationships mostly disappear once insects or conspecific competitors are excluded (albeit exclusion of fungi reinforced these differences). Effects of phylogenetic distance of neighbours were not replaceable by the percentage of gymnosperms among neighbours or by the environmental conditions considered.

Conclusions
We suggest that, by responding to a biotic micro-mosaic of selection pressures, sessile oak flexibly succeeds in diverse neighbourhoods. Sessile oak might maintain the potential for both convergence with and divergence from phylogenetically distantly related species, thereby reinforcing or eroding phylogenetic signal of niches.
The Cosmetic Readiness Questionnaire (CRQ): Validation of a Preoperative Psychological Screening Tool for Aesthetic Procedures
Authors: Pikoos Toni D , Buchanan Ben , Hegarty David , Rossell Susan L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Several psychological risk factors are associated with patient dissatisfaction with aesthetic procedures, such as body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), unmanaged mental health concerns, and unrealistic expectations. Identifying these risks by preoperative screening may protect patients from adverse psychological outcomes and provide reputational or legal protection for practitioners.

Objectives
In this study we aimed to further develop and validate the Cosmetic Readiness Questionnaire (CRQ), a comprehensive psychological screening tool to assess patient suitability for surgical and nonsurgical aesthetic procedures.

Methods
The CRQ was validated across 2 studies in clinical contexts, examining structural and construct validity in a sample of 8031 individuals who completed the CRQ as part of routine clinical care. In a further sample (n = 574), criterion validity was explored through the relationship between the CRQ and dissatisfaction with past aesthetic treatments. Risk category cutoff scores were developed.

Results
Results supported the reliability and validity of a 5-factor CRQ that measured body dysmorphia, psychological distress, self-criticism, unrealistic expectations, and lack of openness. High scorers on the CRQ were 78% more likely to report dissatisfaction with a past cosmetic procedure than low scorers.

Conclusions
The CRQ is a comprehensive and valid screening measure for identifying patients who may require further psychological assessment or additional support before aesthetic treatment. Instructions are provided on how to implement the CRQ in clinical practice.

Level of Evidence: 3 (Diagnostic)