bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homosexualité et Torah
Authors: Ardeven François 
Published: June 2016

De largement invisible, l’homosexualité en quarante ans est, conséquence aussi du SIDA qui décima la communauté gay, sortie du placard. Des interdits ont été levés, des droits accordés, jusqu’au mariage pour tous en France, et, plus largement, en Europe. Les religions du Livre ont dû réexaminer leurs dogmes. Que faire du verset du Lévitique qui juge « abominable de coucher avec un homme comme avec une femme »? On examine le verset, ses traductions dans différentes traductions, son aménagement.
Mechanism for a Rare, Idiosyncratic Complication Following Hyperopic LASIK: Diurnal Shift in Refractive Error Due to Epithelial Thickness Profile Changes
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Gobbe Marine , Archer Timothy J. , Carp Glenn I. 
Published: June 2016

PURPOSE:
Case series report of normal-appearing eyes after hyperopic LASIK exhibiting diurnal shift in refractive error found to correlate with diurnal shifts in epithelial thickness profile.

METHODS:
Patients complaining of diurnal shift in vision during the course of the day with more hyperopia on waking and decreasing hyperopia in the evening in the absence of abnormal epithelial or slit-lamp findings were examined. Diurnal concomitant measurement of refraction, topography, and Artemis very high-frequency digital ultrasound scanning (VHFDU) (ArcScan Inc., Morrison, CO) epithelial thickness profile mapping was undertaken throughout the day. A full review of the clinical database revealed 8 eyes of 5 patients with such symptoms. The authors report the findings in 6 eyes of 4 patients with such symptoms.

RESULTS:
Excimer ablation was performed with standard aspheric profiles of 7-mm (4 eyes) and 6.5-mm (2 eyes) optical zone, centered on the coaxially fixating nascent corneal vertex. The total spherical equivalent laser data entry (primary plus re-treatments) was between +3.22 and +8.33 diopters (D). Mean postoperative keratometry was between 41.2 and 48.35 D. One eye treated for spherical equivalent of +4.25 D spontaneously resolved and the remaining 5 eyes possessed increasing central epithelial thickness from morning to afternoon correlated with increased central corneal power and reduced hyperopia. This complication represented 0.3% of all hyperopic eyes treated within a similar refractive range.

CONCLUSIONS:
This phenomenon of diurnal refractive instability in the absence of clinical slit-lamp findings has not been reported previously. The cause has been identified as being due to idiosyncratic diurnal epithelial thickness profile changes. Further study into predictors for this complication and reversal is underway.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(6):364–371.]
Le transect : outil de dialogue interdisciplinaire et de médiation
Authors: Pousin Frédéric , Marco Audrey , Bertaudière-Montès Valérie , Barthélémy Carole , Tixier Nicolas 
Published: June 2016

L’implantation d’une infrastructure nouvelle dans un territoire est traitée communément dans une logique duale : le tracé d’une part, la compensation des nuisances occasionnées de l’autre. Prise plus globalement, elle soulève un faisceau de questions qui mobilisent plusieurs registres de réflexion : l’écologie, la socio-ethnologie des usages, l’aménagement et le paysage. Ne pas séparer ces divers registres, les articuler à la fois théoriquement et dans l’action, constitue un enjeu fort pour la construction des territoires au XXIe siècle. En s’appuyant sur la recherche D-TRANSECT - programmation ITTECOP 2012, cet article retrace la méthodologie du transect urbain, méthodologie susceptible de saisir dans un même geste les différents enjeux propres à chacun des domaines disciplinaires concernés par un projet d’infrastructure, et d’élaborer un outil capable d’organiser un débat pluri-acteurs autour de lieux de projets qui ne sont pas dictés d’emblée par le tracé de l’infrastructure, mais bien plutôt à révéler en tirant partie des opportunités du terrain, en particulier des territoires délaissés. Ainsi, la question du projet d’infrastructure déborde-t-elle le seul projet de tracé : elle s’ouvre vers des formes de projet qui ne peuvent s’énoncer dans le seul espace du plan et qui requièrent de nouveaux outils et modalités d’énonciation. En s’appuyant sur trois formes différentes, l’article analysera en détail les vertus du transect comme outil de dialogue interdisciplinaire. Comment les approches disciplinaires à la fois interagissent et s’altèrent les unes les autres? Il analysera également les vertus du transect comme outil de dialogue entre les acteurs du projet de territoire (experts, habitants, professionnels) et montrera comment un tel dialogue, réalisé notamment grâce à la mise en débat des transects lors d’un atelier public réuni autour d’une « table longue », permet d’ancrer les projets dans une démarche participative qui renouvelle les pratiques de concertation.
Freins et leviers pour l’installation de jardins en bord de voies
Authors: Chelkoff Grégoire , Paris Magali 
Published: June 2016

Prenant le contre-pied d’une posture visant à « réparer » les territoires détruits par les infrastructures de transport, nous investiguons les potentiels de développement urbain inhérents aux situations routes/jardins. Les territoires de bord de route possèdent leurs propres règles qui pourraient informer une manière de produire autrement la ville. Perçue depuis un véhicule personnel ou un transport en commun la nature en bord de voie, et en particulier la nature domestiquée des collectifs de jardins, compose des paysages inédits : chaotiques, colorés, texturés, précaires, changeants au gré des saisons et des années, patinés par le temps. Mais comment sont-ils vécus de l’intérieur par ceux qui les modèlent au jour le jour et aussi par ceux qui s’y promènent? Nos travaux apportent des éléments de réponse à cette question à travers une enquête de terrain en France (Département de l’Isère 38 et Région Ile-de-France), au Portugal (Lisbonne) et aux États-Unis (San Francisco, Californie). Cette enquête rend compte de ces milieux jardinés en bord de voie en privilégiant les dimensions sonore, paysagère et sociale. Ces jardins se révèlent parfois remarquables depuis l’intérieur, mais qu’en est-il de leur environnement? En parallèle à cette analyse perceptive et usagère, une analyse environnementale est menée afin d’évaluer la contribution des jardins à la biodiversité fonctionnelle (continuités écologiques) et spécifique (nombre d’espèces) et d’estimer leur degré de pollution (air, sols et végétaux) et son impact sur les jardiniers et les promeneurs. Enfin si ces milieux constituent des lieux de prises pour les habitants ordinaires, promeneurs et jardiniers, qui y trouvent la possibilité d’inventer et de façonner leur quotidien, qui décident et comment du devenir de ces paysages et milieux jardinés? Quelle place et posture(s) les professionnels de la route et des territoires urbains occupent-ils et adoptent-ils en matière de jardins de bord de voies? Des pistes d’actions collaboratives entre acteurs des infrastructures et des territoires locaux sont explorées, et argumentées par les enjeux et critères traversant les facteurs d’ambiances, écologiques et de pollution mis en évidence dans le cours de ces recherches.
Deep divergence and evidence for translocations between Iranian and European populations of the alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Sanaei E. , Seiedy M. , Skuhrovec J. , Mazur M.A. , Kajtoch Ł. , Husemann M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica(Gyllenhal): Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an invasive pest of alfalfa (Medicago sativaLinnaeus; Fabaceae) in the Holarctic region. Across the wide geographic distribution of the species different local adaptions have been observed. Further, several distinct mitochondrial lineages have been discovered, which have been treated as western and Egyptian/eastern strains. However, our knowledge of the biogeography ofH. posticais largely limited to North American and Japanese populations. We sampled the species from four locations in Iran and two countries in Europe (Poland and Czech Republic) and sequenced the mitochondrial COI gene to detect patterns of mitochondrial DNA divergence among Iranian and European strains. We detected two groups separated by a deep molecular split, even justifying the distinction of two molecular operational taxonomic units. Joint analyses with previously published sequences suggest that the European samples may represent the western strain, whereas both the western and Egyptian/eastern strains can be found in Iran. This distribution of genetic lineages may be the result of human-mediated translocations. The directionality, however, cannot be inferred. Our data suggest that translocations may have led to the coexistence of multipleH. posticalineages in some parts of the world,e.g., Iran. We discuss these findings against the background of the current taxonomy ofH. postica.
Insights of private general practitioners in group practice on the introduction of National Health Insurance in South Africa
Authors: Moosa Shabir , Luiz John , Carmichael Teresa , Peersman Wim , Derese Anselme 
Published: June 2016

Background: The South African government intends to contract with ‘accredited provider groups’ for capitated primary care under National Health Insurance (NHI). South African solo general practitioners (GPs) are unhappy with group practice. There is no clarity on the views of GPs in group practice on contracting to the NHI.Objectives: To describe the demographic and practice profile of GPs in group practice in South Africa, and evaluate their views on NHI, compared to solo GPs.Methods: This was a descriptive survey. The population of 8721 private GPs in South Africa with emails available were emailed an online questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analyses and thematic content analysis were conducted.Results: In all, 819 GPs responded (568 solo GPs and 251 GPs in groups). The results are focused on group GPs. GPs in groups have a different demographic practice profile compared to solo GPs. GPs in groups expected R4.86 million ($0.41 million) for a hypothetical NHI proposal of comprehensive primary healthcare (excluding medicines and investigations) to a practice population of 10 000 people. GPs planned a clinical team of 8 to 12 (including nurses) and 4 to 6 administrative staff. GPs in group practices saw three major risks: patient, organisational and government, with three related risk management strategies.Conclusions: GPs can competitively contract with NHI, although there are concerns. NHI contracting should not be limited to groups. All GPs embraced strong teamwork, including using nurses more effectively. This aligns well with the emergence of family medicine in Africa.Keywords: Capitation, human resource, primary health care, family medicine, South Africa, health systems
Critical congenital heart disease screening
Authors: Chamsi-Pasha Mohammed A , Chamsi-Pasha Hassan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCritical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is a heart lesion for which neonates require early surgical intervention to survive. Without intervention, the rates of mortality and survival with significant disability are extremely high. Early diagnosis can potentially improve health outcomes in newborns with CCHD. Until recent years, no routine screening protocol existed. In the last few years, pulse oximetry screening for CCHD in newborns has been added to the list of recommended uniform screening panels and advocated by several health-care authorities. A positive screening test result warrants an echocardiogram to evaluate for CCHD. Newborn screens do not usually require parental consent. However, most of the states mandates in the United States include a statement allowing exemption from the screen on the basis of parental religious or personal beliefs.
Detection of inducible and constitutive clindamycin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus isolates in a tertiary care hospital, Eastern India
Authors: Majhi Subasini , Dash Muktikesh , Mohapatra Dharitri , Mohapatra Ashoka , Chayani Nirupama 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Clindamycin is an excellent drug for skin and soft tissue Staphylococcus aureus infections, but resistance mediated by inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (iMLS B ) phenotype leads to in vivo therapeutic failure even though they may be in vitro susceptible in Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Objective: The study was aimed to detect the prevalence of iMLS B phenotype among S. aureus isolates by double disk approximation test (D-test) in a tertiary care hospital, Eastern India. Materials and Methods: A total of 209 consecutive S. aureus isolates were identified by conventional methods and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Erythromycin-resistant isolates were tested for D-test. Results: From 1282 clinical specimens, 209 nonrepeated S. aureus isolates were obtained. Majority of isolates 129 (61.7%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). There was statistically significant difference between outpatients 60.1% and inpatients 39.9% (P < 0.0001). From 209 S. aureus isolates, 46 (22%) were D-test positive (iMLS B phenotype), 41 (19.6%) were D-test negative (methicillin sensitive [MS] phenotype), and 37 (17.7%) were constitutively resistant (constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B phenotype). The incidence of inducible, constitutive, and MS phenotype was higher in MRSA isolates compared to MS S. aureus (MSSA). The constitutive clindamycin resistance difference between MSSA and MRSA isolates were found to be statistically significant (P = 0.0086). Conclusion: The study revealed 22% of S. aureus isolates were inducible clindamycin resistant, which could be easily misidentified as clindamycin susceptible in Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Therefore, clinical microbiology laboratory should routinely perform D-test in all clinically isolated S. aureus to guide clinicians for the appropriate use of clindamycin.
Real-time measurements of secondary organic aerosol formation and aging from ambient air in an oxidation flow reactor in the Los Angeles area
Authors: Ortega Amber M. , Hayes Patrick L. , Peng Zhe , Palm Brett B. , Hu Weiwei , Day Douglas A. , Li Rui , Cubison Michael J. , Brune William H. , Graus Martin , Warneke Carsten , Gilman Jessica B. , Kuster William C. , de Gouw Joost , Gutiérrez-Montes Cándido , Jimenez Jose L. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Field studies in polluted areas over the last decade have observed large formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) that is often poorly captured by models. The study of SOA formation using ambient data is often confounded by the effects of advection, vertical mixing, emissions, and variable degrees of photochemical aging. An oxidation flow reactor (OFR) was deployed to study SOA formation in real-time during the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) campaign in Pasadena, CA, in 2010. A high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) alternated sampling ambient and reactor-aged air. The reactor produced OH concentrations up to 4 orders of magnitude higher than in ambient air. OH radical concentration was continuously stepped, achieving equivalent atmospheric aging of 0.8 days–6.4 weeks in 3 min of processing every 2 h. Enhancement of organic aerosol (OA) from aging showed a maximum net SOA production between 0.8–6 days of aging with net OA mass loss beyond 2 weeks. Reactor SOA mass peaked at night, in the absence of ambient photochemistry and correlated with trimethylbenzene concentrations. Reactor SOA formation was inversely correlated with ambient SOA and Ox, which along with the short-lived volatile organic compound correlation, indicates the importance of very reactive (τOH  ∼  0.3 day) SOA precursors (most likely semivolatile and intermediate volatility species, S/IVOCs) in the Greater Los Angeles Area. Evolution of the elemental composition in the reactor was similar to trends observed in the atmosphere (O : C vs. H : C slope  ∼  −0.65). Oxidation state of carbon (OSc) in reactor SOA increased steeply with age and remained elevated (OSC  ∼  2) at the highest photochemical ages probed. The ratio of OA in the reactor output to excess CO (ΔCO, ambient CO above regional background) vs. photochemical age is similar to previous studies at low to moderate ages and also extends to higher ages where OA loss dominates. The mass added at low-to-intermediate ages is due primarily to condensation of oxidized species, not heterogeneous oxidation. The OA decrease at high photochemical ages is dominated by heterogeneous oxidation followed by fragmentation/evaporation. A comparison of urban SOA formation in this study with a similar study of vehicle SOA in a tunnel suggests the importance of vehicle emissions for urban SOA. Pre-2007 SOA models underpredict SOA formation by an order of magnitude, while a more recent model performs better but overpredicts at higher ages. These results demonstrate the value of the reactor as a tool for in situ evaluation of the SOA formation potential and OA evolution from ambient air.
Environmental changes, climate and anthropogenic impact in south-east Tunisia during the last 8 kyr
Authors: Jaouadi Sahbi , Lebreton Vincent , Bout-Roumazeilles Viviane , Siani Giuseppe , Lakhdar Rached , Boussoffara Ridha , Dezileau Laurent , Kallel Nejib , Mannai-Tayech Beya , Combourieu-Nebout Nathalie 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Pollen and clay mineralogical analyses of a Holocene sequence from Sebkha Boujmel (southern Tunisia) trace the climatic and environmental dynamics in the lower arid bioclimatic zone over the last 8000 years. During the mid- to late Holocene transition, between ca. 8 and 3 ka BP, a succession of five wet–dry oscillations is recorded. An intense arid event occurs between ca. 5.7 and 4.6 ka BP. This episode marks the onset of a long-term aridification trend with a progressive retreat of Mediterranean woody xerophytic vegetation and of grass steppes. It ends with the establishment of pre-desert ecosystems around 3 ka BP. The millennial-scale climate change recorded in the data from Sebkha Boujmel is consistent with records from the south and east Mediterranean, as well as with climatic records from the desert region for the end of the African Humid Period (AHP). Eight centennial climatic events are recorded at Sebkha Boujmel and these are contemporary with those recorded in the Mediterranean and in the Sahara. They indicate a clear coupling between the southern Mediterranean and the Sahara before 3 ka BP. The event at 4.2 ka BP is not evidenced and the link between events recorded in Sebkha Boujmel and the North Atlantic cooling events is clearer from ca. 3 ka BP onwards. These variations indicate the importance of climatic determinism in the structuring of landscapes, with the establishment of the arid climatic conditions of the late Holocene. It is only from ca. 3 ka BP onwards that the dynamic of plant associations is modified by both human activity and climatic variability. The climatic episodes identified during the historic period indicate strong regionalisation related to the differential impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Mediterranean Oscillation (MO) on the Mediterranean Basin. The local human impact on regional ecosystems is recorded in the form of episodes of intensification of pastoral and/or agricultural activities. The development of olive production and of several taxa associated with agriculture attest to increasing sedentism among human populations during classical antiquity. The significant increase in Artemisia (wormwood) between ca. 1.1 and 0.8 ka BP (850–1150 AD) is linked to intensive pastoral activity, associated with heightened interannual and/or seasonal climatic instability. A complete reshaping of the landscape is recorded during the 20th century. The remarkable expansion of the olive tree, and the deterioration of regional ecosystems with the spread of desert species, is linked to recent local socio-economic changes in Tunisia.
A radar-based regional extreme rainfall analysis to derive the thresholds for a novel automatic alert system in Switzerland
Authors: Panziera Luca , Gabella Marco , Zanini Stefano , Hering Alessandro , Germann Urs , Berne Alexis 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This paper presents a regional extreme rainfall analysis based on 10 years of radar data for the 159 regions adopted for official natural hazard warnings in Switzerland. Moreover, a nowcasting tool aimed at issuing heavy precipitation regional alerts is introduced. The two topics are closely related, since the extreme rainfall analysis provides the thresholds used by the nowcasting system for the alerts. Warm and cold seasons' monthly maxima of several statistical quantities describing regional rainfall are fitted to a generalized extreme value distribution in order to derive the precipitation amounts corresponding to sub-annual return periods for durations of 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. It is shown that regional return levels exhibit a large spatial variability in Switzerland, and that their spatial distribution strongly depends on the duration of the aggregation period: for accumulations of 3 h and shorter, the largest return levels are found over the northerly alpine slopes, whereas for longer durations the southern Alps exhibit the largest values. The inner alpine chain shows the lowest values, in agreement with previous rainfall climatologies. The nowcasting system presented here is aimed to issue heavy rainfall alerts for a large variety of end users, who are interested in different precipitation characteristics and regions, such as, for example, small urban areas, remote alpine catchments or administrative districts. The alerts are issued not only if the rainfall measured in the immediate past or forecast in the near future exceeds some predefined thresholds but also as soon as the sum of past and forecast precipitation is larger than threshold values. This precipitation total, in fact, has primary importance in applications for which antecedent rainfall is as important as predicted one, such as urban floods early warning systems. The rainfall fields, the statistical quantity representing regional rainfall and the frequency of alerts issued in case of continuous threshold exceedance are some of the configurable parameters of the tool. The analysis of the urban flood which occurred in the city of Schaffhausen in May 2013 suggests that this alert tool might have complementary skill with respect to radar-based thunderstorm nowcasting systems for storms which do not show a clear convective signature.
A review of multivariate social vulnerability methodologies: a case study of the River Parrett catchment, UK
Authors: Willis I. , Fitton J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In the field of disaster risk reduction (DRR), there exists a proliferation of research into different ways to measure, represent, and ultimately quantify a population's differential social vulnerability to natural hazards. Empirical decisions such as the choice of source data, variable selection, and weighting methodology can lead to large differences in the classification and understanding of the "at risk" population. This study demonstrates how three different quantitative methodologies (based on Cutter et al., 2003; Rygel et al., 2006; Willis et al., 2010) applied to the same England and Wales 2011 census data variables in the geographical setting of the 2013/2014 floods of the River Parrett catchment, UK, lead to notable differences in vulnerability classification. Both the quantification of multivariate census data and resultant spatial patterns of vulnerability are shown to be highly sensitive to the weighting techniques employed in each method. The findings of such research highlight the complexity of quantifying social vulnerability to natural hazards as well as the large uncertainty around communicating such findings to stakeholders in flood risk management and DRR practitioners.