bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ein mehrstufiger Algorithmus zur Diagnose seltener Genodermatosen
Authors: Tantcheva‐Poór Iliana , Oji Vinzenz , Has Cristina 
Published: October 2016

ZusammenfassungJüngste Fortschritte der Genforschung haben ihren Weg in die klinische Dermatologie gefunden. Nahezu ein Drittel aller Erbkrankheiten zeigt charakteristische Hautveränderungen. Zudem können Proben menschlicher Haut als Untersuchungsmaterial zur Detektion genetischer Mosaike und der zu Grunde liegenden Defekte eingesetzt werden. Die Diagnose von Genodermatosen bleibt jedoch aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlich ausgeprägten und überlappenden Phänotypen sowie ihrer Seltenheit und Vielzahl neuer Informationen wegen eine Herausforderung für die Kliniker. Um das Interesse für dieses, sich schnell entwickelnde Feld der Dermatologie zu wecken und den Blick für einige seltene Erbkrankheiten zu schärfen, stellen wir in der hiesigen Übersicht einen Algorithmus für die Diagnostik und Evaluierung von Patienten mit fraglichen Genodermatosen vor.
Predictors of outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes in the lixisenatide GetGoal clinical trials
Authors: Blonde Lawrence , Chava Pavan , Dex Terry , Lin Jay , Nikonova Elena V. , Goldenberg Ronald M. 
Published: October 2016

AimsTo explore the treatment outcomes in adult patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) enrolled in the GetGoal trials of lixisenatide (LIXI), and the predictive effects of baseline characteristics on outcomes.MethodsThis study was a pooled analysis of patient‐level data from the LIXI GetGoal studies comparing LIXI and placebo. Patients were divided into baseline therapy groups: those receiving oral antidiabetes drugs (OADs) at baseline (n = 2760) or those receiving basal insulin at baseline (n = 1198).ResultsCompared with placebo, LIXI treatment led to significantly greater reductions in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and greater achievement of the composite endpoint of HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) with no symptomatic hypoglycaemia and no weight gain in either the OAD (34% vs 18%;
P
< .0001) or the basal insulin groups (19% vs 10%;
P
< .0001). Treatment with LIXI was associated with a greater percentage of patients experiencing a symptomatic hypoglycaemic event compared with placebo in both the OAD (5% vs 3%;
P
= .0098) and basal insulin groups (27% vs 17%;
P
< .0001). In assessing baseline factors that were predictors of treatment outcomes, only baseline HbA1c and LIXI treatment were strong predictors of outcomes in both the OAD and basal insulin groups. No other baseline characteristic had such a large or consistent clinically relevant predictive effect across treatment outcomes.ConclusionsThe results from this study show that irrespective of baseline characteristics, LIXI treatment, as an add‐on to OAD or basal insulin therapy, is effective in reducing HbA1c and achieving composite endpoints.
Does Australia's Unfair Contracts Act Limit Or Enhance Contractual Freedom?
Authors: Phillips Ken 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn late 2015 Australia banned ‘unfair’ contract terms between large and small businesses. This article explains the context of the legislation and defends it from a free‐market perspective. It argues that the legislation enhances contractual freedom by codifying the elements that define a commercial contract at common law, and so protects the trust that is embedded in the structure of the contract.
Corruption and economic resilience: recovery from the financial crisis in western economies
Authors: Ormerod Paul 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe consider the resilience of a group of 20 Western economies after the financial crisis of the late 2000s. We measure resilience by the growth of real GDP between 2007, the previous peak level, and 2015. The countries exhibit a broad range of experience, from a rise in GDP of 18 per cent in Australia to a fall of 26 per cent in Greece. A substantial proportion of the differences in growth rates can be accounted for by just two variables: the perceived level of corruption and membership of the Eurozone. The euro did have a negative impact on the recovery paths of the Mediterranean economies (Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain), but their perceived corruption scores in 2007 had a bigger impact, especially on the first three of these economies.
D‐dimer as a predictor of early neurologic deterioration in cryptogenic stroke with active cancer
Authors: Nam K.‐W. , Kim C. K. , Kim T. J. , An S. J. , Demchuk A. M. , Kim Y. , Jung S. , Han M.‐K. , Ko S.‐B. , Yoon B.‐W. 
Published: October 2016

Background and purposeThe occurrence of stroke in cancer patients is caused by conventional vascular risk factors and cancer‐specific mechanisms. However, cryptogenic stroke in patients with cancer was considered to be more related to cancer‐specific hypercoagulability. In this study, we investigated the potential of the D‐dimer level to serve as a predictor of early neurologic deterioration (END) in cryptogenic stroke patients with active cancer.MethodsWe recruited 109 cryptogenic stroke patients with active cancer within 72 h of symptom onset. We defined END as an increase of ≥1 point in the motor National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or ≥2 points in the total NIHSS score within 72 h of admission. After adjusting for potential confounding factors in the multivariate analysis, we calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of D‐dimer in the prediction of END.ResultsAmong 109 patients, END events were identified in 34 (31%) patients within 72 h. END was significantly associated with systemic metastasis, multiple vascular territory lesions on the initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), initial NIHSS score and D‐dimer levels. In the multivariate analysis, the D‐dimer level (adjusted OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04–1.17; P < 0.01) and initial NIHSS score (adjusted OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.15; P = 0.03) predicted END after adjusting for potential confounding factors. In the subgroup analysis of 72 follow‐up MRIs, D‐dimer level was also correlated with new territory lesions on the follow‐up MRI in a dose‐dependent manner.ConclusionIschemic stroke patients with active cancer and elevated D‐dimer levels appear to be at increased risk for END recurrent thromboembolic stroke.
Community pharmacists require additional support to develop capacity in delivering alcohol-related health information to older adults
Authors: Dare Julie , Wilkinson Celia , Garlepp Michael , Lo Johnny , Allsop Steve 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objectives
This qualitative study explored the barriers and enablers influencing Western Australian (WA) community pharmacists’ knowledge, confidence, willingness and practice in engaging older clients (&lt;60 years) in alcohol-related health discussions.

Methods
Two focus groups were conducted with a total of 14 community pharmacists who had previously completed a formative quantitative survey (n = 63), and indicated willingness to participate in a follow-up focus group. Focus group questions, informed by the survey results, explored participants’ perceptions about barriers and enablers to delivering health information and advice about alcohol to older clients (60+ years). Shaw and colleagues’ theoretical framework was used to understand barriers and enablers in relation to role legitimacy, role adequacy and role support.

Key findings
Participants acknowledged that providing health information about alcohol to older clients is a legitimate part of a community pharmacist's role, and most were confident performing this role in situations perceived as core to their professional practice, such as while dispensing medicines. However, many participants identified limited knowledge, skills and confidence in assisting older clients who may have alcohol issues, beyond advising them on medication and alcohol use. Structural barriers such as time and financial barriers were also identified.

Conclusion
Routine professional practice including dispensing medicine and home medicine reviews may provide valuable opportunities to engage older clients in alcohol-related discussions. However, limited knowledge concerning appropriate strategies to assist older clients reduce their alcohol consumption, coupled with limited skills and confidence among community pharmacists in raising sensitive alcohol-related issues with clients, suggest the need for specific alcohol-related training and support.
Treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer resulting in Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Ramalingam Sundhar , Eisenberg Adva , Foo Wen Chi , Freedman Jennifer , Armstrong Andrew J , Moss Larry G , Harrison Michael R 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHere we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of a paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome (hypercortisolism) resulting from treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer – a highly aggressive and difficult disease to treat. A 51‐year‐old man was started on androgen deprivation therapy after presenting with metastatic prostate cancer, characterized by diffuse osseous metastasis. Shortly thereafter, he developed progressive disease with biopsy proven neuroendocrine prostate cancer as well as symptoms of increased skin pigmentation, hypokalemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia and profound weakness, consistent with ectopic Cushing's syndrome. Molecular analysis of the patient's tumor through RNA sequencing showed high expression of several genes including CHGA, ASCL1, CALCA, HES6, PCSK1, CALCB and INSM1 confirming his neuroendocrine phenotype; elevated POMC expression was found, supporting the diagnosis of ectopic Cushing's syndrome.
An evaluation study examining penile bacterial flora in boys undergoing hypospadias surgery with foreskin reconstruction
Authors: Sanders Caroline , Drew Richard J , Gerrard Christine , McAndrew Helen F 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTHypospadias surgery with foreskin reconstruction is an increasingly preferred option for the management of this common condition. The objective of this study was to identify the bacterial flora present before and after cleansing of the prepuce as well as 7 d after surgery. Sixty‐three boys aged between 12–14 months, with primary distal hypospadias undergoing tubularized incised plate repair, were recruited between October 2013 and April 2014. Microbiological swabs were taken pre‐ and post‐operatively to identify organisms present under their foreskin at the time of surgery and compared with organisms present 7 d post‐operatively at the time of dressing removal. A parent reported wound infection tool was used to explore parents' perception and management of their son's wound 4 weeks following surgery. Bacterial colonization of the penis was common. Routine cleansing with an alcoholic chlorhexidine solution reduced bacterial flora in 82% of boys with a positive preoperative swab result. Post‐operative colonization of the penis was found in 93% of patients, wound dressing colonization was common. Two parents' reported concerns regarding their son's wound healing. Topical cleansing at the time of surgery is effective in reducing the number of organisms present under the foreskin. Despite recolonization 7 d after surgery, clinical infection remains uncommon. Complication rate 12 months after surgery was very low <2%.
Effect of Ventricular Arrhythmia Ablation in Patients With Heart Mate II Left Ventricular Assist Devices: An Evaluation of Ablation Therapy
Authors: SNIPELISKY DAVID , REDDY YOGESH N.V. , MANOCHA KEVIN , PATEL AALOK , DUNLAY SHANNON M. , FRIEDMAN PAUL A. , MUNGER THOMAS M. , ASIRVATHAM SAMUEL J. , PACKER DOUGLAS L. , CHA YONG‐MEI , KAPA SURAJ , BRADY PETER A. , NOSEWORTHY PETER A. , MALESZEWSKI JOSEPH J. , MULPURU SIVA K. 
Published: October 2016

VT Ablation in LVAD RecipientsBackgroundPatients with advanced heart failure (HF) are predisposed to ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), particularly following implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). There is minimal evidence for appropriate management strategies.ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the burden of VA and response to ablation performed either before or following LVAD implantation.MethodsWe created a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent both VA ablation and Heart Mate II (Thoratec, Pleasanton, CA, USA) LVAD implantation at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN, USA). Patients were stratified based on whether they underwent VA ablation before (pre‐LVAD) or after LVAD (post‐LVAD) implantation. Descriptive analyses assessed 6‐month arrhythmia burden in relation to LVAD implantation and VA ablation.ResultsA total of 9 patients underwent both LVAD implantation and VA ablation. There were 3 and 6 patients, respectively, in the pre‐LVAD and post‐LVAD cohorts. Among patients in the pre‐LVAD cohort, the median number of VAs tended to increase after ablation (9 vs. 72) and decreased after LVAD implantation (72 vs. 63). Similarly among patients in the post‐LVAD cohort, the median burden of VAs increased after LVAD implantation (1 vs. 22) and the median burden decreased after ablation (22 vs. 13). Two of 6 patients had substrate related to the LVAD inflow cannula site, while other substrate was not related directly to the cannula.ConclusionsIn patients with progressive HF and LVAD implantation, ablation is associated with reduced VA rates. In LVAD patients, most VAs arise from substrate unrelated to the inflow cannula site.
Morphological Simulation of Different Incisal Embrasures: Perception of Laypersons, Orthodontic Patients, General Dentists and Orthodontists
Authors: Eduarda Assad Duarte Maria , Martins Machado Ricardo , Fonseca Jardim da Motta Andrea , Nelson Mucha José , Trindade Motta Alexandre 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate how different forms of incisal embrasures influence the esthetic perception of the smile, the preferences of each group of evaluators, and the influence of gingival display.Material and MethodsTwo photographs of a broad male and female smiles were digitally manipulated to remove imperfections and asymmetries. A second manipulation was performed on the four maxillary incisors, creating 3 different forms of incisal embrasures: rounded, semi‐rounded and squared. The lower region of the upper lip was shifted down to simulate a smile with and without gingival display, resulting in a total of 12 photos. A presentation in digital media was structured with instructions and the photos to be studied by 240 evaluators, who were divided into four groups: laypersons, patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, general dentists and orthodontists. The statistical analysis comprised the Multiple Factor ANOVA (SPANOVA), and the Tukey's post‐test was applied at a 5% significance level.ResultsThe semi‐rounded form was generally preferred, with a score of 70.83 for the male smile, and 77.26 for the female smile. Gingival display generated a statistically significant influence on how the embrasures were perceived, with the semi‐rounded being preferred when associated with gingival display. Orthodontists were the most stringent in their evaluations. Patients and laypersons exhibited different patterns of esthetic perception.ConclusionsThe form of the incisal embrasures associated with gingival display influenced the evaluators' esthetic perception. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups of patients and orthodontists.Clinical SignificanceIncisal embrasures play an important role in smile esthetics and influence the attractiveness perception. In general, the semi‐rounded embrasure form is the most preferred. Different groups' perceptions on tooth morphology reinforce the importance of patient participation in treatment planning. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:68–78, 2017)
Digital Evaluation of Three Splinting Materials Used to Fabricate Verification Jigs for Full‐Arch Implant Prostheses: A Comparative Study
Authors: Papaspyridakos Panos , Kim Yong‐Jeong , Finkelman Matthew , El‐Rafie Khaled , Weber Hans‐Peter 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeThe primary aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of different splinting materials to make implant cast verification jigs. The secondary aim was to assess the effect of 20° implant angulation on the accuracy of casts.Materials and MethodsAn edentulous mandibular arch with five internal connection tissue level implants served as control. The three implants in the anterior region were parallel to each other and the two implants in the posterior region were distally tilted 20° bilaterally. Verification jigs were fabricated with three different materials by splinting prefabricated bars to temporary abutments, resulting in three different groups (n = 15 specimens). Test casts were fabricated with low expansion type IV stone, and subsequently digitized with reference scanner. The STL files from the test casts and the control were superimposed, in order to determine the three‐dimensional (3D) deviations.ResultsGroup 1 (GC Pattern Resin) had a mean (SD) value of 36.59 (12.47) μm; Group 2 (Fixpeed Resin) had a mean (SD) value of 35.9 (10.13) μm; and Group 3 (Triad Gel) had a mean (SD) of 34.12 (7.10) μm. One‐way ANOVA showed no statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.790). For the comparative analysis of the effect of implant angulation, data were normally distributed for Groups 1 and 3 (GC Resin and Triad Gel), but not for group 2 (Fixpeed Resin). The difference between parallel and tilted implants was significant for all three groups: GC Resin (p = 0.024; paired t‐test), Fixpeed Resin (p = 0.002; Wilcoxon signed‐rank test), and Triad Gel (p = 0.002; paired t‐test).ConclusionsThere were no statistically significant differences between the 3D deviations of the test casts fabricated from verification jigs made by three materials (GC Pattern Resin, Fixpeed Resin, and Triad Gel). Parallel implants had nominally significantly less 3D deviations compared with 20° distally tilted implants, but not clinically significant.Clinical SignificanceThe results of the present study indicate that more than 20° of angulation, has an effect on the 3D accuracy. However, even though the tilted implants had nominally significantly more 3D deviation, it was not clinically significant. The clinical implications of this in vitro study are relevant to the popular full‐arch implant rehabilitation concept of tilted and axial implants such as the All‐on‐four concept. Tilting the posterior implants to increase the antero‐posterior spread increases the implant angulation which is then corrected with 30° angulated abutments. This in vitro study shows that even after correction with angulated abutments if the remaining angulation is up to 20°, framework fit may still be achieved. Verification jig is essential tool to achieve the framework fit. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:102–109, 2017)
New species of the miniature genus Gelanoglanis (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) from the Tocantins River basin (Brazil) and osteological description of G. nanonocticolus
Authors: Calegari B. B. , Reis R. E. 
Published: October 2016

A new species of Gelanoglanis is described based on specimens collected in the Tocantins River, a tributary of the Amazon Basin. The new species is distinguished from congeners by unusual features to the genus such as the pelvic fin falling short of the urogenital opening by a distance larger than the anal‐fin length, the first unbranched dorsal and pectoral‐fin rays not ossified as spines, the dorsal‐fin spinelet absent and the adipose fin in adults preceded by a long fleshy ridge. The new species is further distinguished from congeners by its soft, sinuous snout tip and morphometric proportions of the body and head. The new species shares most putative synapomorphies of the genus, as well as the miniaturized condition evidenced by a diminutive body size and reduced ossifications and lateral sensory system. An elongate dorsal process of the cleithrum is posited as an additional synapomorphy for the genus. An osteological description of Gelanoglanis nanonocticolus based on high‐resolution X‐ray computed tomography is also provided.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BA3FE72D‐FEF84‐7A7‐B751‐2A15EA52C203.
Evaluation of the possible non‐thermal effect of microwave radiation on the inactivation of wheat germ lipase
Authors: Chen Zhongwei , Li Yulin , Wang Likun , Liu Shuyi , Wang Keke , Sun Jun , Xu Bin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTo determine whether non‐thermal effect exist during the process of enzyme inactivation by microwave radiation, the conformation and activity of wheat germ lipase (WGL) treated by microwaves and conventional heating were investigated, respectively. The results indicated that, when the WGL was maintained at 20 °C, its Tyr, Trp residues, the secondary and tertiary structures did not changed, even though the microwave was sustained for 1,800 s with power of higher than 80 W. While, when the temperatures were up to 45 and 60 °C, the activity of WGL decreased 60% and 100%, respectively, and the tertiary structure of WGL was totally changed by microwave at 60 °C. Moreover, the inactivation efficient of microwave radiation was about 10% more than that of conventional heating based on the thermal effects. In conclusion, microwave inactive WGL based on thermal effects rather than non‐thermal effect, and was more effective than conventional heating.Practical ApplicationsMicrowave has been widely used in food thawing, drying, sterilization, enzyme inactivation and et al. In cereal industry, microwave is usually used to inactivate wheat germ lipase (WGL), which plays an important role in the storage of wheat products. However, because the effects of microwave was strongly interferes by the possible non‐thermal effect and cannot be separated easily, the potential inactivation mechanism of microwave on enzyme was not clear enough to guide the inactivation process of lipase by microwave.In this study, the effects of microwave and conventional heating on the stability of WGL were investigated to detect the possibility of non‐thermal effects during the inactivation process of lipase by microwave. The results make sure that, the microwave inactivated WGL based on thermal effect, rather than non‐thermal effect. Thus, we can focus on the factors that influence the heating efficiency to improve the effect of inactivation of WGL or other lipase by microwave.
Documents as Displaced Voice: Writing among Amazonian Urarina
Authors: Walker Harry 
Published: October 2016

ResumenAunque los niveles de alfabetización sean aún bajos en la Amazonía, los Urarina del Perú emplean documentos con frecuencia y entusiasmo. Este artículo explora el uso y apropiación de documentos escritos en relación a ideologías locales del lenguaje y del poder, focalizándose en sus cualidades performativas, es decir, en lo que los documentos ‘hacen’. A pesar de que el uso de documentos escritos cumple un rol importante conectando la población al Estado peruano y su burocratizada cultura política, aquí se argumenta que para los Urarina, los documentos son especialmente valorizados por su capacidad de extender influencia personal y poder persuasivo gracias a tres capacidades/tendencias que se sobreponen. Los documentos desplazan o delegan la voz separándola de la agencia, construyendo, por tanto, una imagen de autoridad distante o trascendente. Asimismo, éstos transforman y transfieren a través de diversas modalidades semióticas, sugiriendo la mediación de relaciones con mundos no‐fenomenales. Por último, los documentos fijan el discurso, evocando permanencia en un ambiente social fluido.