bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Des maisons de louage pour la substentation (...) des pouvres creatures ? La politique immobilière de l’hôpital Comtesse à Lille (1467-1517)
Authors: Dietrich- Strobbe Irène 
Published: June 2017

Hired Houses pour la substentation (…) des pouvres creatures ? The Real Estate Management of the Hôpital Comtesse (1467-1517)
In Lille in the second part of the 15th century and at the beginning of the 16th, the so-called hôpital Comtesse, founded in 1237 by Johanna van Constantinopel was the most powerful charitable house in town. A careful study of the accounts kept by the hôpital Comtesse from 1467 to 1517 reveals that this charitable institution owned between 43 and 63 houses. This was twice more than the houses owned by the Paris Hôtel-Dieu in the same period. In Lille, during the same period, there were fewer than 25 000 inhabitants. The aim of this article is not to make one more study over prices and wages in the Middle Ages thanks to the accounts for the construction of the hospital. My aim is to understand the mechanisms of the insertion of a charitable house in the economic and social tissue that surrounds it. In Lille, at the hôpital Comtesse, the articulation between charity and profitability was made thanks to the rigorous management of the property possessed by the institution. The investments made by the masters of the hospital transformed it into an important employer in the construction sector and, also, into a charitable owner. In fact, the goal of the masters was less to gain an immediate and monetized profit than to consolidate the social power of the institution. The accounts constitute a key to understanding the socio-topography of Lille and the way for the assistance – and not only the charity – to become an urban power.
What if the Fast Radio Bursts 110220 and 140514 Are from the Same Source?
Authors: Piro Anthony L. , Burke-Spolaor Sarah 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The fast radio bursts (FRBs) 110220 and 140514 were detected at telescope pointing locations within 9 arcmin of each other over three years apart, both within the same 14.4 arcmin beam of the Parkes radio telescope. Nevertheless, they generally have not been considered to be from the same source because of a vastly different dispersion measure (DM) for the two bursts by over

. Here, we consider the hypothesis that these two FRBs are from the same neutron star embedded within a supernova remnant (SNR) that provides an evolving DM as the ejecta expands and becomes more diffuse. Using such a model and the observed DM change, it can be argued that the corresponding SN must have occurred within

years of FRB 110220. Furthermore, constraints can be placed on the SN ejecta mass and explosion energy, which appear to require a stripped-envelope (Type Ib/c) SN and/or a very energetic explosion. A third FRB from this location would be even more constraining, allowing the component of the DM due to the SNR to be separated from the unchanging DM components due to the host galaxy and intergalactic medium. In the future, if more FRBs are found to repeat, the sort of arguments presented here can be used to test the young neutron star progenitor hypothesis for FRBs.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Knee as an Outcome Measure in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: An OMERACT Reliability Study on MRI Scales
Authors: Hemke Robert , Tzaribachev Nikolay , Nusman Charlotte M. , van Rossum Marion A.J. , Maas Mario , Doria Andrea S. 
Published: June 2017

Objective.There is increasing evidence that early therapeutic intervention improves longterm joint outcome in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Given the existence of highly effective treatments, there is an urgent need for reliable and accurate measures of disease activity and joint damage in JIA. Our objective was to assess the reliability of 2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring methods: the Juvenile Arthritis MRI Scoring (JAMRIS) system and the International Prophylaxis Study Group (IPSG) consensus score, for evaluating disease status of the knee in patients with JIA.Methods.Four international readers independently scored an MRI dataset of 25 JIA patients with clinical knee involvement. Synovial thickening, joint effusion, bone marrow changes, cartilage lesions, bone erosions, and subchondral cysts were scored using the JAMRIS and IPSG systems. Further, synovial enhancement, infrapatellar fat pad heterogeneity, tendinopathy, and enthesopathy were scored. Interreader reliability was analyzed by using the generalized κ, ICC, and the smallest detectable difference (SDD).Results.ICC regarding interreader reliability ranged from 0.33 (95% CI 0.12–0.52, SDD = 0.29) for enthesopathy up to 0.95 (95% CI 0.92–0.97, SDD = 3.19) for synovial thickening. Good interreader reliability was found concerning joint effusion (ICC 0.93, 95% CI 0.89–0.95, SDD = 0.51), synovial enhancement (ICC 0.90, 95% CI 0.85–0.94, SDD = 9.85), and bone marrow changes (ICC 0.87, 95% CI 0.80–0.92, SDD = 10.94). Moderate to substantial reliability was found concerning cartilage lesions and bone erosions (ICC 0.55–0.72, SDD 1.41–13.65).Conclusion.The preliminary results are promising for most of the scored JAMRIS and IPSG items. However, further refinement of the scoring system is warranted for unsatisfactorily reliable items such as bone erosions, cartilage lesions, and enthesopathy.
L’identité et la fonction de Jean le témoin (Jn 1, 6)
Authors: Amphoux Christian-B. 
Published: June 2017

La mention du nom de « Jean », en Jn 1, 6, superpose plusieurs significations : Jean le Baptiste est la plus immédiate et la plus reconnue ; mais le nom renvoie plus fondamentalement au dernier grand-prêtre légitime du temple de Jérusalem, Onias, déposé en - 175 ; et le nom est également la signature de l’auteur de l’évangile ou plus exactement de deux auteurs homonymes mentionnés par Papias dans son témoignage recueilli par Eusèbe de Césarée, dans son Histoire ecclésiastique. Autant de « témoins » superposés en un seul nom, qui sont l’occasion de mettre en évidence une des difficultés de l’écriture savante biblique.
Les enseignements sur l’astrologie d’Augustin d’Hippone et de Thomas d’Aquin dans la bulle Coeli et terrae de Sixte V
Authors: Verardi Donato 
Published: June 2017

Cette étude est consacrée à la réception de l’enseignement sur l’astrologie d’Augustin d’Hippone et Thomas d’Aquin dans la bulle Coeli et terrae de Sixte V. Si Sixte V reprend des extraits entiers de la Somme de théologie , il en change radicalement le sens, préférant aux idées de Thomas d’Aquin les positions défendues neuf siècles auparavant par Augustin d’Hippone. Selon Sixte V, l’astrologie divinatoire, comme toute pratique de la nigromancie, est toujours le fruit d’une inspiration démoniaque, trompeuse pour ce qui concerne le domaine de la science et dangereuse pour le domaine religieux et moral.
Patients’ Hand Washing and Reducing Hospital-Acquired Infection
Authors: Haverstick Stacy , Goodrich Cara , Freeman Regi , James Shandra , Kullar Rajkiran , Ahrens Melissa 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND
Hand hygiene is important to prevent hospital-acquired infections. Patients’ hand hygiene is just as important as hospital workers’ hand hygiene. Hospital-acquired infection rates remain a concern across health centers.

OBJECTIVES
To improve patients’ hand hygiene through the promotion and use of hand washing with soap and water, hand sanitizer, or both and improve patients’ education to reduce hospital-acquired infections.

METHODS
In August 2013, patients in a cardiothoracic postsurgical step-down unit were provided with individual bottles of hand sanitizer. Nurses and nursing technicians provided hand hygiene education to each patient. Patients completed a 6-question survey before the intervention, at hospital discharge and 1, 2, and 3 months after the intervention. Hospital-acquired infection data were tracked monthly by infection prevention staff.

RESULTS
Significant correlations were found between hand hygiene and rates of infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (P = .003) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (P = .01) after the intervention. After the implementation of hand hygiene interventions, rates of both infections declined significantly and patients reported more staff offering opportunities for and encouraging hand hygiene.

CONCLUSION
This quality improvement project demonstrates that increased hand hygiene compliance by patients can influence infection rates in an adult cardiothoracic step-down unit. The decreased infection rates and increased compliance with hand hygiene among the patients may be attributed to the implementation of patient education and the increased accessibility and use of hand sanitizer.
The role of South African traditional health practitioners in the treatment of HIV/AIDS; A study of their practices and use of herbal medicines
Authors: Walwyn David R , Maitshotlo Boitumelo 
Published: June 2017

Background
A large proportion of HIV positive South Africans regularly consult Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs) for their healthcare needs, despite some evidence of negative interactions with antiretrovirals (ARVs) and no published peer-reviewed clinical evidence for the efficacy of traditional medicines in the treatment of HIV. In this study, we investigated the dominant practices of THPs towards HIV positive patients and whether these practices have changed following widespread public awareness campaigns covering HIV and its treatment.

Method
The study used a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire in the home language of the interviewee. A total of 52 THPs from four provinces (Gauteng, Limpopo, Kwazulu Natal and Eastern Cape) were interviewed. 38% of the respondents were based in the rural areas, and 69% classified themselves as inyangas, with the remainder being sangomas.

Findings
All of the THPs in the survey offered treatment for HIV, although only 20% claimed to be able to cure the disease. 88% prepared their own medication, mostly from plant material, and sold their products as aqueous extracts in labelled bottles. None of these products had been systematically evaluated, and there was mostly no record keeping, either of the patient, or of the medicine itself. Quality control practices such as expiry dates, controlled storage conditions and batch records were totally unknown in our sample. Only 38% of the THPs had received training on HIV/AIDS although 75% believed that they were well informed about the disease. Our own assessment was that only 50% had a working knowledge of HIV; more disturbingly 37% believe that only traditional medicines should be used for the treatment of HIV and a further 50% believe that both traditional medicines and ARVs can be taken simultaneously.

Interpretation
Despite ongoing public educational campaigns on HIV, some of which have specifically targeted THPs, the care of HIV positive patients continues to be compromised by the traditional sector. Although some progress is evident, THP approaches to HIV treatment fails to conform to minimum standards proposed by the World Health Organisation and other organisations, and represents a considerable challenge to the integration of THPs with the biomedical sector, and with the antiretroviral treatment programme in South Africa.
Adult antiretroviral therapy guidelines 2014
Authors: Meintjes G. 
Published: June 2017

These guidelines are intended as an update to those published in the Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine in 2012. Since the release of the previous guidelines, the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in southern Africa has continued. Cohort studies from the region show excellent clinical outcomes; however, ART is still being initiated late (in advanced disease) in some patients, resulting in relatively high early mortality rates. New data on antiretroviral drugs have become available. Although currently few, there are patients in the region who are failing protease-inhibitor-based second-line regimens. To address this, guidelines on third-line therapy have been expanded.Please find a link to the update of this guideline: http://sajhivmed.org.za/index.php/hivmed/article/view/428
An investigative study of the experiences of elderly people in a South African black township
Authors: Chigali G. M. , Marais M. , Mpofu R. M. B. 
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences which impact on aspects of the lives and sense of well-being of elderly people in a township in South Africa in order to make recommendations for future service delivery. A cross- sectional, qualitative survey was carried out in Mfuleni Township, a part of the Cape Metropolitan Region in the Western Cape. Sixteen people of ages ranging from 60-82 years were conveniently selected from a group of elderly people who meet regularly at a community centre. Data were collected through focused group discussions and unstructured interviews. Analysis of data revealed three main categories namely, psychological/ emotional, socio-economic and health, under which different themes emerged. The experiences of individuals in a given society may vary, but somehow, their basic rights tend to be universal as revealed by the literature. Loneliness and isolation, lack of recreation facilities, loss of dignity and respect, poor health services and lack of shelter are some of the experiences expressed by the elderly people in this sample. These experiences highlight the need for clearly stated policies andcommitment by governmental and non-governmental structures, appropriate health service strategies and improved socio-economic standards supported by properly researched data.
Gender influence on balance performances in the elderly
Authors: Gbiri C. A. , Fabunmi A. A. 
Published: June 2017

This study was carried out to investigate gender influence on balance performance of apparently healthy elderly using the Sharpened Romberg Test (SRT) for static balance and the Functional Reach Test (FRT) for dynamic balance assessments. One hundred and three (103) apparently healthy male and 100 apparently healthy female elderly subjects of age ranging from 60 to 74 years participated in this study. They had no history of neurologicaldeficits, postural hypotension, orthopaedics conditions or injury to the back and / or upper and lower extremities within the past five years.Descriptive statistics of range, means and standard deviation were used to analyze the physical characteristics and each of the two tests. The independent t-test was used to compare the balance performances in elderly males and females. The results showed that males performed significantly higher than females in FRT: ( 31.46 ± 12.34) and (24.00 ± 10.73) respectively. Males performed significantly higher than females in SRT in eyes opened (58.51 ± 4.43)and (56.58 ± 6.03) and eyes closed: (46.98 ± 14.89) and (42.59 ± 14.70) performances respectively.It was concluded that males performed significantly better than females in both static and dynamic balance performances.
Establishing the reliability of test procedures in order to investigate the effect of penetrating trunk trauma and prolonged mechanical ventilation on the recovery of adult survivors
Authors: Van Aswegen H. , Eales C. J. , Richards G. A. 
Published: June 2017

Gunshot wounds and/or stab wounds to the trunk are injuries commonly seen in South African hospitals. Such injuries often necessitate exploratory surgical intervention to identify and treat injuries to the internal organs. These patients are managed in the intensive care unit and often undergo prolonged mechanical ventilation with immobilization that often results in some degree of muscle dysfunction. In order to monitor the recovery of adult survivors over a 6-month period after hospital discharge, validation ofthe six-minute walk test and hand-held dynamometry between datacollectors was necessary.Methods: Data was collected for the six-minute walk test andhand-held dynamometry by three data collectors. Subsequently a correlation coefficient (Pearson product momentcorrelate) was calculated and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed to assess the degree of associationbetween the data.Results and Discussion: A strong positive correlation existed for data collected on the 6-minute walk test betweendata collectors 1, 2 and 3 with r ranging from 0.71 to 1 (p < 0.025 to p < 0.0005). The intra-class correlation (ICC)scores between data collectors ranged from 0.69 to 0.90 confirming this finding. A weak to fair correlation existedbetween data collectors for dynamometry measurements of the triceps and quadriceps muscles. Intra-class correlationscores ranged from 0.11 to 0.71.Conclusion: A strongly positive inter-observer correlation existed for data sets for the six-minute walk test. A weakintra-observer correlation existed for data sets collected by data collectors for dynamometry however this improvedwith intervention. The degree of association between data sets for dynamometry should be assessed again during themain study.
The effect of choral music on emotions, immune parameters and lung function during physiotherapy treatment of pneumonia and bronchitis
Authors: Le Roux F. H. , Bouic P. J. D. , Bester R. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Music, processed by the brain, has a strong impacton the emotions and health. The Magnificat in D major of JS Bach communicates not only a positive emotion of happiness but also motivational behaviour. Infectious lung conditions are often associated with negative emotions which develop due to physiological changes. The hormonal action of the hypothalamuspituitary-adrenal axes (HPA) could be negatively affected by emotions of anger and depression. This will result in a disturbance of the mind-body inter-action. Music therefore can exert a powerful influence on therapeutic benefits by changing the psychological status and the immune endocrine functions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of music, during respiratory physiotherapy treatment on a) theemotional status, b) neuroendocrine responses, c) immune functions and d) lung functions of subjects with infected lung conditions.Method and Materials: Forty subjects attending physiotherapy treatment was selected according to set criteria and randomly assigned to an experimental and control group. The parameters (Profile Of Mood State [POMS]; CD4:CD8 cell ratios; Cortisol; the Cortisol: DHEA ratio; PF; FEV1; FVC and FEV1/FVC %) were measured on day 1before the treatment and on day 3 after the treatment. Data were analysed with Statistica (Statsoft) using the RepeatedANOVA tests. Results: Results indicated that the intervention of music had a positive effect on the immunological parameter (CD4+:CD8+ cell ratios) and on the cortisol and cortisol:DHEA ratio levels. At the same time the psychological status as measured by Profile of Mood States (POMS scale) improved with a significant improvement in the lung functions.Conclusion: The research provided sufficient scientific evidence that music affects both the biomedical and psycho-somatic aspects of infectious lung conditions.
Socio-demographic characteristics of parents and emotional burden on discovery of disabilities of their children in a South African community
Authors: Useh U. 
Published: June 2017

Objective: This study investigated the socio-demographic characteristicsof parents of children with disabilities in a South African community. Also studiedwere their emotional responses. Design and methodology: A social survey research and focus group designs wereemployed in this study to explore and describe parental emotions Participants: 174 parents of children with disabilities were randomly selected andinterviewed by this author and four research assistants at different locations in theVenda area of Limpopo Province of South Africa. Results: Out of the 174 parents interviewed 95 (54.6%) were parents of children with physical impairment (PCWPI),51 (29.3%) parents of children with hearing impairment (PCWHI) and 28 (16.1%) were parents of children with visual impairment (PCWVI). Only 16 (9.2%) of the parents interviewed had tertiary education with a majority (121 (or 69.5%) of them unemployed. These unemployed parents solely relied on the monthly, government disabilitygrant of R620 (or US$89). Responses to grief, anger, shame were highest amongst PCWVI, while PCWPI were most worried (64.2%) and demonstrated the highest percentage emotions of fear (22.1%) and guilt (221.1%). The following percentage of emotions were expresses by parents with formal tertiary education, anger (44%), shame (37.5%), disbelief (25%), guilt (6.3%), worry (50%) and fear (25%). While participants with the highest income (over R1800or about US$257), expressed the following percentage of emotions: grief (70.6%), and disbelief (47.1%). Conclusion: Physiotherapist working with the disabled and their carers in the community within the concept of community based rehabilitation and social model of care would need to understand the characteristics and their emotional burden prior to assisting in creating an enabling environment and holistic empowering activities that wouldassist all.
Assesment, diagnosis and prognosis of bells palsy: a literature review
Authors: Alakram P. , Puckree T. 
Published: June 2017

Facial (VII th cranial nerve) palsy is a condition that affects 1 in 5000 people worldwide. More recently it has appeared as one form of the neural manifestations of infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. As such it is likely that this condition will feature more prominently in the caseload of physiotherapists. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to present to physiotherapists existing knowledge on the diagnosis, objective assessment and prognosis of facial palsy through a literature review. All available primary and secondary sources of literature were obtained through a search of Medline, Sabinet, PEDRO, the Cochrane library and a wide Google search. Objective ways of assessing Bells palsy and its recovery as used currently by the Belly Palsy Association and accepted by the American Academy of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck, are presented together with diagnosis and prognosis.
The reliability and validity of upper quadrant posture and two-dimensional range of motion measurement tools
Authors: Van Niekerk S. , Louw Q. 
Published: June 2017

Measuring upper quadrant posture and movement is a challenge to researchers and clinicians. A range of postural measurement tools is commonly used in the clinical setting and in research projects to evaluate postural align-ment, but information about the validity and reliability of these tools and thus as election of the optimal tool for a specific project is often uncertain. This reviewaims to make recommendations to clinicians and researchers regarding practical,valid and reliable tools to assess upper quadrant posture and range of motion.Electronic databases and key journals were searched. An adapted appraisal toolwas utilised to assess the methodology for each of the nine selected articles. Nine eligible articles reporting on thegoniometer, flexicurve and inclinometer were included. This review highlights the fact that a range of two-dimensional(2D) posture measurement tools are being used in clinical practice and research. Although the findings for the reliability and validity of the tools included in this review appear to be promising, strong recommendations are limited by the imprecision of the results. Thus, the primary issue hampering the recommendation for the most reliable and valid tool to use in the clinical or research setting is due to the limitations pertaining the analysis of the data, and the interpretation thereof.