bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying 3D‐Printed Porous Ti6Al4V Prostheses to Repair Osteomyelitis‐Induced Partial Bone Defects of Lower Limbs: Finite Element Analysis and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Liu Bingchuan , Tan Qizhao , Wang Zhengguang , Hou Guojin , Wang Caimei , Tian Yun 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe clinical management of partial bone defects in lower limbs, particularly those resulting from osteomyelitis, remains a significant challenge. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of 3D‐printed porous Ti6Al4V prostheses in addressing osteomyelitis‐induced partial bone defects.MethodsWe established a comprehensive protocol for utilizing 3D‐printed prostheses for bone defect repair, encompassing 3D simulation of prosthesis implantation and internal fixation, finite element analysis (FEA), and clinical implementation. Mimics software facilitated simulation of fixation patterns and screw lengths. FEA modeled bone defects in the distal metaphyseal femur and distal diaphyseal tibia to assess changes in stress conduction pre‐ and post‐prosthesis implantation. The clinical study involved eight patients (average age: 56.3 years) with an average defect length of 14.9 cm. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated using X‐rays and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS).ResultsFEA demonstrated that the implanted prostheses effectively shared stress and reduced the load on residual bone in both models, thus lowering the risk of fractures under external forces. The average follow‐up period was 24.5 months, with patients initiating weight‐bearing activities on average 7.8 days post‐surgery. Serial postoperative X‐rays demonstrated long‐term stability of the prostheses, with progressive bone regeneration around and integration with the prostheses. While two patients experienced infection recurrence requiring prosthesis removal and debridement, the remaining six showed significant improvement in LEFS scores, increasing from 31.5 preoperatively to 61.0 at the last follow‐up.Conclusions3D‐printed porous Ti6Al4V prostheses effectively restore anatomical integrity and optimize stress conduction in lower limbs, resulting in substantial functional recovery. This innovative approach shows promise for wider clinical adoption and warrants further investigation in medical practice.
Partisan habitual voters in South Korea: Employing Random Forests to understand Korean voters' electoral choices
Authors: Lee Jae‐Mook , Lee Na Kyeong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates whether recent political events in South Korea, such as a presidential impeachment and changes in leadership, have caused a realignment of voters' political affiliations. We aim to determine whether political party allegiance has transitioned into a pattern of habitual voting in the last ten years.MethodsEmploying a Random Forest model based on machine learning approaches, we examined polling data from the last ten years of Korean presidential elections. Instead of relying on hypothesis‐led methods, our analysis emphasizes the intrinsic characteristics of the data to uncover crucial elements affecting voter behavior in each election.ResultsOur results reveal a considerable consistency in voting patterns over the past decade, implying that allegiance to political parties has turned into a habitual behavior. Significant factors affecting voter choices in the 2022 election were also recognized as indicators of election outcomes five and ten years prior.ConclusionThe study reveals that voter behavior in South Korea remains stable despite notable political changes, primarily influenced by habitual elements rather than substantial changes in party loyalty. This suggests that political allegiance has become ingrained as a habitual behavior for Korean voters.
Small town markets and crowded buses: Later‐generation Australian–Hungarian ‘diaspora backpackers’ narrate their journey to Hungary
Authors: Petra Andits 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article, I examine the ‘homecoming’ experiences of young second‐ and third‐generation Australian‐Hungarians. The aim of the paper is to challenge the compartmentalisation of tourism and migration studies by exploring how these two phenomena intertwine, merge, and influence one another in multiple and fluid ways. Specifically, I attempt to merge the two disciplines by analysing the meta‐narratives that have influenced Australian‐Hungarian youngsters' experiences in Hungary. In particular, I argue that, alongside images internalised in the diaspora, interlocutors heavily rely on a popular Western backpacker discourse. I demonstrate the ways in which these two meta‐narratives are in conflict while at the same time closely inter‐related. Specifically, I look at the ways in which the notion of authenticity and the idea of ‘traveller hierarchy’ are borrowed from backpacker discourse, and through them diasporic themes are targeted and deconstructed. I refer to these youngsters as ‘diaspora backpackers’ to indicate that their journeys are influenced by both diaspora life and contemporary youth culture.
Phylogenetically distant enzymes localized in cytosol and plastids drive citral biosynthesis in lemongrass
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Sharma Anuj , Kiran N. R. , Pranav Raj T. K. , Krishna Ram , Nagegowda Dinesh A. 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYCitral, a naturally occurring acyclic monoterpene aldehyde, is present in the essential oils of various plants, but only a few produce it in abundance. Despite its importance as a key aroma molecule, knowledge regarding the in‐planta biosynthesis of citral and its metabolic origin remains limited. Here, we have elucidated the functions of an alcohol dehydrogenase (CfADH1) and an aldoketo‐reductase (CfAKR2b) in citral biosynthesis in lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), one of the most cultivated aromatic crops for its citral‐rich essential oil. Expression of both CfADH1 and CfAKR2b showed correlation with citral accumulation in different developmental stages. Recombinant CfADH1 and CfAKR2b, despite their sequence unrelatedness, catalyzed citral formation from geraniol with NADP cofactor. Virus‐induced gene silencing in lemongrass and transient expression in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) demonstrated the in‐planta involvement of CfADH1 and CfAKR2b in citral biosynthesis. While CfADH1 exhibited a dual cytosolic/plastidial localization, CfAKR2b was localized to the cytosol. This was supported by higher citral‐forming activity in the cytosolic fraction than in the chloroplast fraction of lemongrass leaf extract. Moreover, feeding lemongrass seedlings with inhibitors specific to the cytosolic mevalonate pathway and the plastidial methylerythritol phosphate pathway, combined with volatile profiling, supported the involvement of both pathways in citral formation. Taken together, our results indicate that high citral production has evolved in lemongrass through the recruitment of phylogenetically distant enzymes localized in both the cytosol and plastids.
Jasmonate‐mediated polyamine oxidase 6 drives herbivore‐induced polyamine catabolism in rice
Authors: Zu Hongyue , Zhang Jing , Bai Weiwei , Kuai Peng , Cheng Jingli , Lu Jing , Lou Yonggen , Li Ran 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYPolyamines (PAs) along with their conjugated forms, are important mediators of plant defense mechanisms against both biotic and abiotic stresses. Flavin‐containing polyamine oxidases (PAOs) regulate PA levels through terminal oxidation. To date, the role of PAOs in plant–herbivore interaction remains poorly understood. We discovered that infestation by the brown planthopper (BPH) disrupts PA homeostasis within the leaf sheaths of rice plants, which co‐occurs with the upregulation of OsPAO6, a tissue‐specific inducible, apoplast‐localized enzyme that regulates the terminal catabolism of spermidine (Spd) and spermine. Functional analysis using CRISPR‐Cas9 genome‐edited plants revealed that pao6 mutants accumulated significantly higher levels of Spd and phenylpropanoid‐conjugated Spd in response to BPH infestation compared to wild‐type controls. In addition, BPH feeding on pao6 mutants led to increased honeydew excretion and plant damage by female adults, consistent with in vitro experiments in which Spd enhanced BPH feeding. Furthermore, OsPAO6 transcription is regulated by jasmonate (JA) signaling, and it is dependent on MYC2, which directly binds to the G‐box‐like motif in the OsPAO6 promoter. Our findings reveal an important role of OsPAO6 in regulating polyamine catabolism in JA‐induced responses triggered by herbivore attacks in rice.
Adherence to COVID‐19 vaccination recommendations and vaccine hesitancy in US blood donors
Authors: Avelino‐Silva Vivian I. , Bruhn Roberta , Zurita Karla G. , Grebe Eduard , Stone Mars , Busch Michael P. , Custer Brian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundGeneral vaccination rates have been falling globally despite unequivocal health benefits. Noncompliance can result from access barriers and/or hesitant attitudes. Few studies have investigated the prevalence and determinants of noncompliance with COVID‐19 vaccination in blood donors.MethodsWe surveyed blood donors on COVID‐19 infection and vaccination history, barriers and motivations for COVID‐19 vaccination, and comorbidities. We estimate the prevalence of noncompliance, the prevalence of hesitancy toward COVID‐19 vaccines, and investigate associated factors using multivariable models.ResultsFrom December 2021 to December 2022, 33,610 survey respondents were included. Of these, 24% had not been vaccinated for COVID‐19 or had missing vaccination information, and 99% of those who reported reasons for being unvaccinated declared at least one of three hesitant attitudes presented in the survey (safety concerns; personal/cultural/religious beliefs; being young and not worrying about being vaccinated). Among noncompliant donors, <2% reported access barriers. In the multivariable model addressing factors associated with vaccine noncompliance, younger age, male gender, White/Caucasian race, absence of comorbidities, residency in a State with less restrictive COVID‐19 policies, and living in micropolitan or rural areas were identified as significant predictors. Younger age and White/Caucasian race were independently associated with vaccine hesitancy among noncompliant donors.ConclusionsWe found high rates of noncompliance with COVID‐19 vaccination in blood donors, mostly driven by vaccine hesitancy. Understanding vaccine adherence among blood donors—a relatively highly educated and healthy population, with good healthcare access and usually motivated by altruism—could provide key information on determinants of vaccine noncompliance that may be harder to overcome.
Disseminated phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora in an immunosuppressed cat
Authors: Cohen Jonathan , Johnson Kryssa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA 3‐year‐old female spayed domestic shorthair cat with a history of immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia, treated with cyclosporine and prednisolone, was presented for acute lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea. Abdominal ultrasound revealed multiple predominantly avascular hypo‐anechoic nodules in the liver, kidneys, pancreas, and peritoneum. Fine needle aspirates and culture of the liver and kidney revealed abscessation caused by Cladophialophora. This case adds to the currently limited literature documenting ultrasonographic features of systemic infection caused by pigmented fungi in cats.
Influence of the Magnitude of the Taper Angle of Divergent and Convergent Tapered Annular Seals on the Stability of a Vertical Rotor-Seal System
Authors: Kimura Shogo , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Taura Hiroo , Heya Akira 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The rotordynamic (RD) fluid force generated in seals affects the stability of turbomachinery. RD coefficients have been determined using bulk-flow or computational fluid dynamics analyses, and the effect of seals on the stability has been evaluated. Plain annular seals and convergent tapered annular seals have been used to improve stability, and their dynamic characteristics have been studied. On the other hand, research has also been conducted on divergent tapered annular seals, because the seals can become divergent tapered due to operating conditions, pressure deformation, and manufacturing error. These studies do not provide a comprehensive picture of the effect of divergent tapered annular seals on stability, because some show that divergent tapered annular seals reduce stability, whereas others show that they may increase stability. This study analyses a plain liquid annular seal, divergent tapered annular seals, and convergent tapered annular seals to clarify the effect of the taper angle on the stability of a vertical rotor-seal system. The analysis was carried out by continuously changing the taper angle for both the divergent tapered and convergent tapered annular seals, the RD coefficients were calculated in each case, and the onset speed of instability (OSI) was calculated by eigenvalue analysis. The change in OSI, or stability, with a change in taper angle is then investigated. The change in OSI with a change in taper angle was investigated experimentally and compared with the analytical results to demonstrate the validity of the analytical results. The analytical and experimental results were in qualitative and quantitative agreement.
Leak-Rate Through Carbon Brush Seals: Experimental Tests Versus Predictions From a Porous Medium Approach
Authors: Souissi Ala , Arghir Mihai , Lasseux Didier , Amami Lassad , Burlot Philippe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study presents a detailed comparative analysis between experimental leakage flow rates and numerical predictions for carbon brush seals with long bristles, utilizing a porous medium model approach. A series of tests were carried out on a static rig (without rotor rotation). The experimental setup allows tests under various interference conditions, revealing significant insights into the flow behavior through the brush seal. A numerical model based on the Darcy–Forchheimer equation is developed to interpret the complex flow dynamics within the brush seal, accounting for viscous, compressible, and inertial effects. The study evaluates the impact of brush deformation and porosity on flow resistance, leveraging experimental data to refine the numerical model parameters. This investigation not only deepens the understanding of brush seal flow physics but also improves the predictive accuracy of the numerical model in simulating operational conditions.
Enhanced Tribological Performance of UHMWPE Composites Reinforced With Wollastonite: Biocompatibility and Wear Behavior
Authors: Zhang Weipeng , Xu Zhentao , Shen Jiajia , Wang Junxiang , Luo Yong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is often limited by poor tribological properties in artificial joints, leading to high wear-rates compared to metals and ceramics. This study explores the use of wollastonite, a natural mineral, as a filler to enhance the tribological performance of UHMWPE composites. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that wollastonite content and particle size inversely affected the crystallinity of the composite due to heterogeneous nucleation and stress concentration. The incorporation of wollastonite significantly improved the tribological performance, with wear-rate reductions of 71%, 69.81%, and 50.73% under dry friction, normal saline (NS) lubricant, and new-born calf serum (NBCS) lubricant conditions, respectively. The wear mechanisms in the composite were predominantly slight fatigue and abrasive wear, contrasting with the extrusion deformation and severe fatigue wear observed in neat UHMWPE. Additionally, simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion tests demonstrated the composite's ability to form a surface apatite-like deposition. These findings suggest that wollastonite reinforcement effectively enhances both mechanical and tribological properties of UHMWPE.
Flow Characteristics of Asymmetric Plunger Pairs in High-Pressure Plunger Pumps
Authors: Zhao Shendan , Tang Hesheng , Liu Yinshui , Ren Yan , Wu Defa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The deep-sea submersible is an essential piece of equipment for deep-sea development, serving as a crucial tool for conducting exploration and operations in the deep ocean. As the core component of the hydraulic system, the plunger pump is vital for ensuring the smooth lifting and lowering of the submersible. The plunger pair, which constitutes the most significant friction pair in plunger pumps, plays a pivotal role in determining both the service life and volumetric efficiency of the pump through its friction, lubrication, and sealing performance. This article proposes a flow model for the plunger pair in eccentric and inclined positions, considering its various orientations and placements. It elucidates the deformation and leakage characteristics of the plunger pair under different configurations, including various postures, material properties, and design parameters. The findings not only provide a theoretical foundation for the design of reciprocating seals and the evaluation of sealing performance but also contribute to the broader field of parameter design and performance assessment for other types of gap seals.
Comparative Analysis of the Wear Behavior of TiN/TiAlN-, TiAlVN-, and TiAlYN-Coated Tools in Milling Operations of Inconel 718
Authors: Sebbe N. P. V. , Silva F. J. G. , Durão L. M. , Jesus A. , Sales-Contini R. C. M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Milling is widely used in the aeronautical and aerospace industries, due to the possibility of producing parts with good dimensional stability and surface quality. Because of its exceptional mechanical qualities and limited thermal conductivity, Inconel 718 is a nickel superalloy that is regarded as a challenging material to process. Due to the flexibility of milling, this is the most commonly used process for machining INCONEL alloys. However, high levels of tool wear can be observed. Coatings can be deposited on the cutting tools to improve process performance. Nonetheless, doping elements such as yttrium and vanadium when added to TiAlN-based coatings can increase the coatinǵs resistance. Furthermore, multilayer coatings tend to be very promising resistance to crack propagation. Thus, this work intends to compare three coatings deposited via PVD, in terms of the quality of the machined surface and wear resulting from the process: TiAlVN, TiAlYN, and TiN/TiAlN. The cutting speed (Vc), feed per tooth (fz), and cutting length (Lcut) were varied. It was possible to verify that the multilayer coating had better results, in terms of average roughness (Ra) and in measuring wear (VB3) and its characterization. On the other hand, the TiAlVN coating showed the worst results. It was concluded that due to the TiN layer, the TiN/TiAlN coating has better resistance to crack propagation, as its adhesion to the substrate is good and there is no delamination.
Cooling and Lubricating Strategies for INCONEL® Alloys Machining: A Comprehensive Review on Recent Advances
Authors: Pedroso André F. V. , Sousa Vitor F. C. , Sebbe Naiara P. V. , Silva Francisco J. G. , Campilho Raul D. S. G. , Martinho Rui P. , de Jesus Abílio M. P. , Sales-Contini Rita C. M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
INCONEL® alloys are Ni-based superalloys with superior mechanical properties for extremely high-temperature (T) applications. These alloys present significant challenges: they are difficult-to-cut materials due to the low thermal conductivity (k), severe work hardening, and elevated surface hardness. They are widely used in applications that require good dimensional stability; however, built-up edge (BUE) followed by premature tool wear (TW) are the most common problems when applying conventional machining (CM) and hybrid machining processes, i.e., additive manufacturing (AM) followed by milling, resulting in a meagre final product finishing. Regarding cooling/lubricating environments, miscellanea of methods can be effectively applied to INCONEL® alloys, depending on their advantages and disadvantages. It is imperative to refine the machining parameters to enhance the performance outcomes of the process, particularly concerning the quality and cost-effectiveness of the product. This current review intends to offer a systematic summary and analysis of the progress taken within the field of INCONEL® CM and the various cooling/lubricating methods over the past decade, filling a gap found in the literature in this field of knowledge. A systematic literature review (SLR) approach was employed in this study, aiming to identify pertinent papers within the cooling and lubricating strategies for INCONEL® alloys machining. The most recent solutions found in the industry and the prospects from researchers will be presented, providing significant insights for academic researchers and industry professionals. It was found that selecting cooling methods for INCONEL® machining requires careful consideration of various factors. Each lubrication environment utilized in traditional INCONEL® machining methods offer unique advantages and challenges regarding the different outcomes: TW, tool life (TL), and/or surface quality assessment; nevertheless, cryogenic cooling by CO2(l) and N2(l) highlights as the better cooling environment to improve the machined surface quality.
Prediction of Thermally Induced Axial Displacement of Mechanical Components Using LightGBM
Authors: Nakao Yohichi , Yagi Fuusei , Sato Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The goal of this research is to create a machine learning model that can predict the thermally induced axial displacement of machine tool spindles. To achieve this goal, this study applied the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) learning framework to predict the thermally induced axial displacement of mechanical equipment by a heat source in a model that had an outer structure similar to that of a machine spindle. In the predictions using LightGBM, the time, temperature, and heat flux of equipment surfaces are measured and used to predict displacement. A similar trial study was conducted for a servomotor. A series of experiments clarified that the thermally induced axial displacement of the equipment can be predicted using a machine learning model created from the measured temperatures and heat fluxes of the target component and other parameters. Furthermore, the study focused on the feature importance in the prediction process. Through these considerations, the features that are most valuable for prediction among the features used for the trial measurement and subsequent prediction were extracted based on the feature importance. Using the feature importance, the top-ranked parameters were chosen to create a machine learning model for prediction. Consequently, equivalent prediction accuracy is possible, even if the number of features, namely sensors required for the acquisition of sufficient features for the prediction, can be reduced without significantly affecting the prediction accuracy. Specifically, it was confirmed that the number of sensors can be reduced from about 65 to about 4 for the spindle model and about 20 for the servomotor.