bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact of the number of retrieved lymph nodes in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Okajima Wataru , Komatsu Shuhei , Ichikawa Daisuke , Kosuga Toshiyuki , Kubota Takeshi , Okamoto Kazuma , Konishi Hirotaka , Shiozaki Atsushi , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn gastric cancer, although at least 16 lymph nodes of retrieved lymph nodes (RLNs) are recommended for nodal staging in Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma and TNM classifications, we wished to clarify their appropriateness.Study DesignA total of 1289 consecutive gastric cancer patients, who underwent gastrectomy between 1997 and 2011, were analyzed retrospectively.Results(i) The patients were divided into two groups using a cut‐off RLN number of 16 (RLN < 16 or RLN ≥ 16). There were significant differences in the survival rates of patients in pStage II (P < 0.0001) and III (P = 0.0009), but not those of patients in pStage I (P = 0.0627) and IV (P = 0.1553). (ii) In 498 consecutive patients in pStage II and III, compared with patients in the RLN ≥ 16 group, those in the RLN < 16 group had a significantly higher incidence of older age (P = 0.0004) and positive lymph node ratio (PLNR) (P < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that an RLN number of less than 16 was an independent poor prognostic factor (P < 0.0001, HR 2.48 [95% CI: 1.60–3.70]). (iii) A cut‐off RLN number of 16 could cause the stage migration effect in pStage II or III patients. A cut‐off RLN number of 25 or more could eliminate the prognostic effect.ConclusionThe RLN number may potentially affect the prognosis and the stage migration in pStage II or III gastric cancer patients. An RLN number of 25 or more could be sufficient for nodal staging.
Negotiated autonomy in diabetes self‐management: the experiences of adults with intellectual disability and their support workers
Authors: Whitehead L. C. , Trip H. T. , Hale L. A. , Conder J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe basic human right of autonomy is underpinned by the ability to practice decision‐making. The rights of people with disabilities to engage in autonomous decision‐making are promoted as best practice and includes decisions around health and self‐care. Little is known about autonomy in the field of long‐term condition management. This paper explores how people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and their support workers experience and practice autonomy in relation to the management of diabetes.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were completed in residential and independent living settings with people living with an ID and type 1 (N = 8) or type 2 (N = 6) diabetes and their support workers (N = 17). The participant with ID's support worker was present as requested; however, the interviews were run separately with each participant rather than jointly. Thematic analysis was undertaken, and a constructivist lens informed both data collection and analysis.ResultsThe analysis revealed a strong process of negotiated autonomy between people with ID and their support workers in relation to the daily management of diabetes. During times of transition, roles in relation to diabetes management were renegotiated, and the promotion of autonomy was prefaced within the context of risk and client safety. Goals to increase independence were drivers for negotiating greater autonomy.ConclusionsThe successful negotiation of autonomy in relation to diabetes illustrates the potential for people with ID to play a key role in the management of long‐term health conditions. The study highlights the primacy of developing decision‐making skills among people with ID. Promoting opportunities for decision‐making and an ethos of supported decision‐making through person‐centred planning are all vital in working towards enhancing autonomy.
Worrying about the Stock Market: Evidence from Hospital Admissions
Authors: ENGELBERG JOSEPH , PARSONS CHRISTOPHER A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTUsing individual patient records for every hospital in California from 1983 to 2011, we find a strong inverse link between daily stock returns and hospital admissions, particularly for psychological conditions such as anxiety, panic disorder, and major depression. The effect is nearly instantaneous (within the same day) for psychological conditions, suggesting that anticipation over future consumption directly influences instantaneous utility.
“Lucas” in the Laboratory
Authors: ASPAROUHOVA ELENA , BOSSAERTS PETER , ROY NILANJAN , ZAME WILLIAM 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTWe study the Lucas asset pricing model in a controlled setting. Participants trade two long‐lived securities in a continuous open‐book system. The experimental design emulates the stationary, infinite‐horizon setting of the model and incentivizes participants to smooth consumption across periods. Consistent with the model, prices align with consumption betas and comove with aggregate dividends, particularly so when risk premia are higher. Trading significantly increases consumption smoothing compared to autarky. Nevertheless, as in field markets, prices are excessively volatile. The noise corrupts traditional generalized method of moment tests. Choices display substantial heterogeneity, with no subject representative for pricing.
Circadian rhythm of calciotropic hormones, serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium during the shortest and longest days of the year in horses in New Zealand
Authors: Azarpeykan S. , Dittmer K. E. , Gee E. K. , Marshall J. C. , Elder P. , Acke E. , Thompson K. G. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryA study was conducted to determine the circadian rhythms and trends of vitamin D metabolites including 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D2, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone, in addition to serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentrations in horses over 48 h on the shortest and longest days of the year in 2013. Five healthy adult horses (Equus caballus) were on a constant pasture feeding regimen, and blood samples were collected from each horse every 3 h over a 48‐h period, starting at 07:00 PM on day one and finishing at 07:00 PM on day three, for the measurement of calciotropic hormones and electrolytes. There was a significant difference between the serum concentration of calciotropic hormones, iCa, tCa, P and tMg between the shortest (winter) and longest (summer) days of the year in horses. Serum concentration of 25OHD3 was very low and mostly undetectable. Serum iCa, 1,25(OH)2D and PTH concentrations clearly showed a circadian rhythm on the longest days of the year and serum tCa, P and tMg concentrations showed a diurnal pattern on the longest days (summer) of the year. None of the analytes showed any circadian rhythm on the shortest days (winter) of the year. The result of this study could have significant relevance to equine athletes travelling to international equestrian competitions and facing a huge time and seasonal differences that might affect their ability to adjust their circadian rhythms to new time zones.
Estimates of the quality of complementary feeding among Vietnamese infants aged 6−23 months varied by how commercial baby cereals were classified in 24‐h recalls
Authors: Tuan Nguyen T. , Withers Mellissa , Frongillo Edward A. , Hajeebhoy Nemat 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe World Health Organization's (WHO) standardized questionnaire for assessing infant and young child feeding practices does not include commercial baby cereals (CBC), which are derived from several food groups and are fortified with micronutrients. We examined how different scenarios for classifying CBC affect estimates of the quality of complementary feeding in children ages 6−23 months in Vietnam in 2014 (n = 4811). In addition to the WHO standardized 24‐h recall questionnaire for infant and young child feeding, we asked mothers about the consumption of CBC. The five resulting scenarios were S1 – omitted CBC; S2 – CBC classified as grains; S3 – as grains and dairy; S4 – as grains, dairy and fruit/vegetables; and S5 – as grains, dairy, fruit/vegetables and any others. Including CBC resulted in 4−11 percentage points higher in the prevalence of children who were fed each of the six food groups compared with what was reported in the WHO standardized questionnaire. Minimum dietary diversity (% fed ≥ 4 out of the 7 food groups) was higher in S5 (90%) than in S1 (84%), S2 (84%), S3 (85%) and S4 (86%). Minimum acceptable diet was also higher in scenarios S5 (80%) than in S1 (74%), S2 (75%), S3 (75%) and S4 (77%). Consumption of iron‐rich foods was 94% when CBC was accounted, which was higher than the alternative scenario (89%). In summary, when CBC were included, population‐level estimates of dietary quality were higher than when CBC were omitted. Guidance is required from the WHO about how to account for the consumption of CBC when estimating the quality of complementary feeding.
Role of selection and gene flow in population differentiation at the edge vs. interior of the species range differing in climatic conditions
Authors: Volis S. , Ormanbekova D. , Shulgina I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEvaluating the relative importance of neutral and adaptive processes as determinants of population differentiation across environments is a central theme of evolutionary biology. We applied theQST–FSTcomparison flanked by a direct test for local adaptation to infer the role of climate‐driven selection and gene flow in population differentiation of an annual grassAvena sterilisin two distinct parts of the species range, edge and interior, which represent two globally different climates, desert and Mediterranean. In a multiyear reciprocal transplant experiment, the plants of desert and Mediterranean origin demonstrated home advantage, and population differentiation in several phenotypic traits related to reproduction exceeded neutral predictions, as determined by comparisons ofQSTvalues with theoreticalFSTdistributions. Thus, variation in these traits likely resulted from local adaptation to desert and Mediterranean environments. The two separate common garden experiments conducted with different experimental design revealed that two population comparisons, in contrast to multi‐population comparisons, are likely to detect population differences in virtually every trait, but many of these differences reflect effects of local rather than regional environment. We detected a general reduction in neutral (SSR) genetic variation but not in adaptive quantitative trait variation in peripheral desert as compared with Mediterranean core populations. On the other hand, the molecular data indicated intensive gene flow from the Mediterranean core towards desert periphery. Although species range position in our study (edge vs. interior) was confounded with climate (desert vs. Mediterranean), the results suggest that the gene flow from the species core does not have negative consequences for either performance of the peripheral plants or their adaptive potential.
Long‐term salinity tolerance is accompanied by major restructuring of the coral bacterial microbiome
Authors: Röthig Till , Ochsenkühn Michael A. , Roik Anna , van der Merwe Riaan , Voolstra Christian R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractScleractinian corals are assumed to be stenohaline osmoconformers, although they are frequently subjected to variations in seawater salinity due to precipitation, freshwater run‐off and other processes. Observed responses to altered salinity levels include differences in photosynthetic performance, respiration and increased bleaching and mortality of the coral host and its algal symbiont, but a study looking at bacterial community changes is lacking. Here, we exposed the coral Fungia granulosa to strongly increased salinity levels in short‐ and long‐term experiments to disentangle temporal and compartment effects of the coral holobiont (i.e. coral host, symbiotic algae and associated bacteria). Our results show a significant reduction in calcification and photosynthesis, but a stable microbiome after short‐term exposure to high‐salinity levels. By comparison, long‐term exposure yielded unchanged photosynthesis levels and visually healthy coral colonies indicating long‐term acclimation to high‐salinity levels that were accompanied by a major coral microbiome restructuring. Importantly, a bacterium in the family Rhodobacteraceae was succeeded by Pseudomonas veronii as the numerically most abundant taxon. Further, taxonomy‐based functional profiling indicates a shift in the bacterial community towards increased osmolyte production, sulphur oxidation and nitrogen fixation. Our study highlights that bacterial community composition in corals can change within days to weeks under altered environmental conditions, where shifts in the microbiome may enable adjustment of the coral to a more advantageous holobiont composition.
At least some meiofaunal species are not everywhere. Indication of geographic, ecological and geological barriers affecting the dispersion of species of Ototyphlonemertes (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea)
Authors: Leasi Francesca , Andrade Sónia Cristina da Silva , Norenburg Jon 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMost meiofaunal species are known to have a broad distribution with no apparent barriers to their dispersion. However, different morphological and/or molecular methods supported patterns of diversity and distribution that may be different among taxa while also conflicting within the same group. We accurately assessed the patterns of geographic distribution in actual genetic species of a marine meiofaunal animal model: Ototyphlonemertes. Specimens were collected from several sites around Europe, Northern and Central America, Southern America, Pacific Islands and Asia. We sequenced regions of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes. Using single‐gene, a concatenated data set, multilocus approaches and different DNA taxonomy methods, we disentangled the actual diversity and the spatial structures of haplotypes and tested the possible correlation between genetic diversity and geographic distance. The results show (i) the importance of using several genes to uncover both diversity and highlight phylogeographic relationships among species and that (ii) independent genetic evolutionary entities have a narrower distribution than morphological species. Moreover, (iii) a Mantel test supported a positive correlation between genetic and geographical distance. By sampling from the two sides of Isthmus of Panama, we were additionally able to identify lineage divergence times that are concordant with vicariance mechanisms caused by the geological closure of the seaway across the Isthmus. We therefore propose that in addition to distance, other geological and ecological conditions are also barriers to the dispersion of and gene flow in marine meiofaunal organisms.
Genomewide introgressive hybridization patterns in wild Atlantic salmon influenced by inadvertent gene flow from hatchery releases
Authors: Ozerov M. Y. , Gross R. , Bruneaux M. , Vähä J.‐P. , Burimski O. , Pukk L. , Vasemägi A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMany salmonid fish populations are threatened by genetic homogenization, primarily due to introgressive hybridization with hatchery‐reared conspecifics. By applying genomewide analysis using two molecular marker types (1986 SNPs and 17 microsatellites), we assessed the genetic impacts of inadvertent gene flow via straying from hatchery releases on wild populations of Atlantic salmon in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea, over 16 years (1996–2012). Both microsatellites and SNPs revealed congruent population genetic structuring, indicating that introgression changed the genetic make‐up of wild populations by increasing genetic diversity and reducing genetic divergence. However, the degree of genetic introgression varied among studied populations, being higher in the eastern part and lower in the western part of Estonia, which most likely reflects the history of past stocking activities. Using kernel smoothing and permutation testing, we detected considerable heterogeneity in introgression patterns across the genome, with a large number of regions exhibiting nonrandom introgression widely dispersed across the genome. We also observed substantial variation in nonrandom introgression patterns within populations, as the majority of genomic regions showing elevated or reduced introgression were not consistently detected among temporal samples. This suggests that recombination, selection and stochastic processes may contribute to complex nonrandom introgression patterns. Our results suggest that (i) some genomic regions in Atlantic salmon are more vulnerable to introgressive hybridization, while others show greater resistance to unidirectional gene flow; and (ii) the hybridization of previously separated populations leads to complex and dynamic nonrandom introgression patterns that most likely have functional consequences for indigenous populations.
Characterization and correction of pressure drift in the ManoScan™ high‐resolution manometry system: In vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lamvik K. , Guiu Hernandez E. , Jones R. , Huckabee M.‐L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundA substantial pressure drift in high‐resolution manometry (HRM) has been reported; however, fundamental questions remain regarding the origin and management of this drift. The aim of this study was to provide critical in‐depth analyses of ManoScan™ HRM drift in vitro and in vivo.MethodsA total of sixteen 15‐min studies and twelve 5‐h studies were performed in a water bath at 37 °C at 4.0 cm depth (2.9 mmHg) with ESO and ESO Z catheters. Six 5‐h in vitro studies were performed similarly at a depth of 9.0 cm (6.6 mmHg). Eight 15‐min studies and nine 8‐h in vivo studies were performed with healthy participants. Two correction methods – thermal compensation (TC) and interpolated thermal compensation (ITC) – were tested.Key ResultsOverall pressure drift varied both between studies (p < 0.01) and within sensors (p < 0.01). Drift resulted from thermal shock, an initial pressure change at intubation, and baseline drift, a linear drift over time (R2 > 0.96). Contrary to previous reports, there was no correlation between drift and average (r = −0.02) or maximum pressure exposure (r = −0.05). Following data correction, ITC had the lowest median error but persisted with a maximum error of 2.5 mmHg (IQR = 3.0).Conclusions & InferencesThe substantial drift in the ManoScan™ HRM system is highly variable and not corrected via the standard operating instructions. ITC has superior performance but requires communication with the manufacturer to enable this option. This has a substantial impact on clinical diagnosis, utility of existing normative data, and future research of HRM.
Diabetic gastroparesis alters the biomagnetic signature of the gastric slow wave
Authors: Bradshaw L. A. , Cheng L. K. , Chung E. , Obioha C. B. , Erickson J. C. , Gorman B. L. , Somarajan S. , Richards W. O. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundGastroparesis is characterized by delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction, but remains difficult to diagnose and distinguish from other gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Gastroparesis affects the gastric slow wave, but non‐invasive assessment has been limited to the electrogastrogram (EGG), which reliably characterizes temporal dynamics but does not provide spatial information.MethodsWe measured gastric slow wave parameters from the EGG and magnetogastrogram (MGG) in patients with gastroparesis and in healthy controls. In addition to dominant frequency (DF) and percentage power distribution (PPD), we measured the propagation velocity from MGG spatiotemporal patterns and the percentage of slow wave coupling (%SWC) from EGG.Key ResultsNo significant difference in DF was found between patients and controls. Gastroparesis patients had lower percentages of normogastric frequencies (60 ± 6% vs 78 ± 4%, p < 0.05), and higher brady (9 ± 2% vs 2 ± 1%, p < 0.05) and tachygastric (31 ± 2% vs 19 ± 1%, p < 0.05) frequency content postprandial, indicative of uncoupling. Propagation patterns were substantially different in patients and longitudinal propagation velocity was retrograde at 4.3 ± 2.9 mm/s vs anterograde at 7.4 ± 1.0 mm/s for controls (p < 0.01). No difference was found in %SWC from EGG.Conclusions & InferencesGastric slow wave parameters obtained from MGG recordings distinguish gastroparesis patients from controls. Assessment of slow wave propagation may prove critical to characterization of underlying disease processes. Future studies should determine pathologic indicators from MGG associated with other functional gastric disorders, and whether multichannel EGG with appropriate signal processing also reveals pathology.
Cadmium toxicity investigated at the physiological and biophysical levels under environmentally relevant conditions using the aquatic model plant Ceratophyllum demersum
Authors: Andresen Elisa , Kappel Sophie , Stärk Hans‐Joachim , Riegger Ulrike , Borovec Jakub , Mattusch Jürgen , Heinz Andrea , Schmelzer Christian E. H. , Matoušková Šárka , Dickinson Bryan , Küpper Hendrik 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Cadmium (Cd) is an important environmental pollutant and is poisonous to most organisms. We aimed to unravel the mechanisms of Cd toxicity in the model water plant Ceratophyllum demersum exposed to low (nM) concentrations of Cd as are present in nature.

Experiments were conducted under environmentally relevant conditions, including nature‐like light and temperature cycles, and a low biomass to water ratio. We measured chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence kinetics, oxygen exchange, the concentrations of reactive oxygen species and pigments, metal binding to proteins, and the accumulation of starch and metals.

The inhibition threshold concentration for most parameters was 20 nM. Below this concentration, hardly any stress symptoms were observed. The first site of inhibition was photosynthetic light reactions (the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre measured as Fv/Fm, light‐acclimated PSII activity ΦPSII, and total Chl). Trimers of the PSII light‐harvesting complexes (LHCIIs) decreased more than LHC monomers and detection of Cd in the monomers suggested replacement of magnesium (Mg) by Cd in the Chl molecules. As a consequence of dysfunctional photosynthesis and energy dissipation, reactive oxygen species (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) appeared.

Cadmium had negative effects on macrophytes at much lower concentrations than reported previously, emphasizing the importance of studies applying environmentally relevant conditions. A chain of inhibition events could be established.
Case Report of Lichen Planopilaris Occurring in a Pediatric Patient Receiving a Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibitor and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Jayasekera Prativa S.A. , Walsh Maeve L. , Hurrell Daniel , Parslew Richard A.G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA 12‐year‐old girl with extended oligoarthritis treated with adalimumab presented with a short history of a progressive cutaneous eruption involving the legs and scalp. Physical examination and histologic results were consistent with lichen planopilaris. The adalimumab was discontinued. She received treatment with topical clobetasol propionate and the majority of the lesions resolved. Residual lesions and the extended oligoarthritis were then treated with sulfasalazine. Adalimumab is a tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) inhibitor used for the treatment of a variety of immunologically mediated conditions, including lichen planus and lichen planopilaris. TNF‐α antagonists have been associated with paradoxical psoriasiform, lichenoid, eczematous, granulomatous, and acneiform eruptions. We detail this case and review the literature of lichenoid reactions secondary to TNF‐α inhibitors.