bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lenguas indígenas en el mercado lingüístico: retos y perspectivas para la vitalidad del maya yucateco
Authors: Montemayor Gracia Julia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn the Yucatec peninsula, Spanish and Yucatec Maya coexist in a diglossic context where Spanish is considered the high prestige variety, while Yucatec Maya is mainly spoken in informal, private settings. Even though there have been major changes in language policy over the last 25 years in order to protect Mexican indigenous languages, the number of Maya speakers is still declining. This article examines the effects of different economic factors on the vitality of Yucatec Maya, whose monetary, functional and idealistic values are being negotiated on the «linguistic market». From the region’s industrial and infrastructural transformation in the 1960 s on, Yucatec Maya has been increasingly exposed to general tendencies of globalization (e.g. migration). Under the present circumstances, tourism can be seen as a double-edged sword for Yucatán: On the one hand, it is the peninsula’s main source of income, but on the other, it brings with it negative consequences for language use, the Maya speaker’s language (self) awareness and related processes of identity construction.
α-Synuclein-Dependent Calcium Entry Underlies Differential Sensitivity of Cultured SN and VTA Dopaminergic Neurons to a Parkinsonian Neurotoxin
Authors: Lieberman Ori J. , Choi Se Joon , Kanter Ellen , Saverchenko Anastasia , Frier Micah D. , Fiore Giulia M. , Wu Min , Kondapalli Jyothisri , Zampese Enrico , Surmeier D. James , Sulzer David , Mosharov Eugene V. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Although mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulated α-synuclein (aSyn) expression are postulated to play a role in PD pathogenesis, it is still debated why neurons of the SN are targeted while neighboring dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are spared. Using electrochemical and imaging approaches, we investigated metabolic changes in cultured primary mouse midbrain dopaminergic neurons exposed to a parkinsonian neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). We demonstrate that the higher level of neurotoxicity in SN than VTA neurons was due to SN neuron-specific toxin-induced increase in cytosolic dopamine (DA) and Ca2+, followed by an elevation of mitochondrial Ca2+, activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and mitochondrial oxidation. The increase in cytosolic Ca2+was not caused by MPP+-induced oxidative stress, but rather depended on the activity of both L-type calcium channels and aSyn expression, suggesting that these two established pathogenic factors in PD act in concert.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A ENFERMAGEM NA SAÚDE ESCOLAR E SUAS PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS
Authors: Rosa Élida Ferreira Torga , Moraes Campos Isabella Cristina , Oliveira Ernani Coimbra , Adão Isabel Cristina 
Published: November 2017

A escola é um espaço favorável para educação em saúde, nela podem ser trabalhados diversos assuntos relativos à promoção de saúde, como: construção de hábitos saudáveis e identificação de agravos. A prática da enfermagem na saúde do escolar é contextualizada em uma política atual em desenvolvimento. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de Identificar através da pesquisa integrativa as contribuições para a compreensão da prática da enfermagem que atua na saúde do escolar e contribuir para o fortalecimento de uma política em plena implantação para atuação da enfermagem na saúde do escolar. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter exploratório descritivo e comparativo, com abordagem qualitativa, cuja pesquisa foi realizada nas Bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS): LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO e BDENF. Foram selecionados 18 artigos que indicam a participação do enfermeiro nas escolas. Os programas de saúde escolar são concepções novas, fundamentadas em um novo meio de promover saúde. O resultado do estudo permite refletir a participação do enfermeiro no contexto escolar, indica que o enfermeiro acrescenta em sua formação uma responsabilidade social, e deve utilizar de suas habilidades para promover saúde, independente do espaço físico.
Therapeutic Potential of Afatinib for Cancers with ERBB2 (HER2) Transmembrane Domain Mutations G660D and V659E
Authors: Yamamoto Hiromasa , Toyooka Shinichi , Ninomiya Takashi , Matsumoto Shigemi , Kanai Masashi , Tomida Shuta , Kiura Katsuyuki , Muto Manabu , Suzawa Ken , Desmeules Patrice , Kris Mark G. , Li Bob T. , Ladanyi Marc 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

We previously reported on a family with hereditary lung cancer, in which a germline mutation in the transmembrane domain (G660D) of avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2) (ERBB2; human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]) seemed to be responsible for the cancer predisposition. Although few data are available on treatment, anti-ERBB2 therapeutic agents may be effective for ERBB2-mutant cancers. The familial lung cancer patient in one of the authors’ institutes developed bone metastasis with enlarging lung tumors and was treated with the ERBB2 inhibitor afatinib. We also encountered a patient with ampullary adenocarcinoma with ERBB2 G660D and S310F comutations in another institute of the authors’, revealed by comprehensive genomic profiling. This patient was then treated with afatinib and also achieved transitory response. We also searched for ERBB2 transmembrane mutations in various types of cancers in PubMed, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT) database. Besides our two cases, two patients with V659E mutations were found via PubMed. Three potential patients were found in TCGA. In addition, MSK-IMPACT allowed identification of three additional urothelial carcinomas with G660D mutations and two lung adenocarcinomas with V659E mutations. Our experience suggests that establishing a database of integrated information regarding the clinical genome and therapeutic outcome of patients with recurrent but less common mutations is essential to implement precision oncology.

Key Points
Rare but targetable mutations such as avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2) (ERBB2; human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]) transmembrane domain (TMD) mutations can be detected by comprehensive genomic profiling. Afatinib may be effective for patients with cancer with ERBB2 (HER2) TMD mutations. In order to implement precision oncology, it is important to establish a database of integrated information regarding the clinical genomes and therapeutic outcomes of patients with recurrent but less common mutations.
Comparison of topical agents minoxidil and diltiazem in medical management of anal fissures: a hospital based study
Authors: Awan Naseer Ahmad , Mir Irfan Nazir , Wani Hila Ahmad , Ahmad Mir Mujtaba 
Published: November 2017

Background: Anal fissures are associated with spasm of the internal anal sphincter and pain. In present study we compared the efficacy of local application of 0.5% minoxidil and 2% diltiazem in symptomatic relief and healing of anal fissures.Methods: In this prospective, randomized, double blind study, a total of 100 patients with anal fissure were recruited, (50 patients in each group). Patients in group A received local applications of ointments containing 0.5% minoxidil, while patients in group B received topical 2% Diltiazem. Healing of anal fissure and symptomatic relief were observed and analyzed.Results: Rates of complete healing of fissure were similar in the two groups (minoxidil 27/50, diltiazem 29/50). Mean (SD) time taken for complete healing was significantly shorter with minoxidil (3.1 weeks as compared to diltiazem (4 weeks). Rates of pain relief were similar in the two groups. Stoppage of bleeding occurred more often with use of minoxidil than with diltiazem. No patient had systemic or local side effects.Conclusions: Treatment with minoxidil helps in faster healing of anal fissures and provides similar symptomatic relief as that of diltiazem.
Muscle splitting sigmoid loop colostomy: a viable option to prevent colostomy prolapse
Authors: Gontumukkala Chalapathi , K. Krishna Naik , Naik Ramana , J. Veera Swamy 
Published: November 2017

Background: The purpose the study was to assess the incidence of Colostomy prolapse with sigmoid loop colostomies performed through rectus muscle splitting Incision.Methods: Colostomy prolapse may present serious problems for patient care and stoma function6. Sigmoid loop colostomy was done for babies with High anorectal malformation (HARM) and Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) from Jan2012 to Dec2014 in two referral hospitals. All colostomies were sigmoid loop colostomies and done by a single surgeon through rectus muscle splitting incision. All patients were followed up for colostomy prolapse for at least 6 months.Results: A total of 110 babies managed with colostomy during the study period. The patients comprised of 68 males and 42 females. High anorectal malformation accounted for 66 babies [males 48, females18] while Hirschsprung’s disease was the surgical indication in 44 [males20, females24]. The age at colostomy ranged from 1day to 4 years. A total of 32 complications were recorded in 25patients [29%]. There were 4 deaths [3.6%]. Early complications like Haemorrhage and septicaemia was seen 4 patients. Colostomy stenosis was observed in 3 cases requiring only dilatation. Colostomy prolapse was seen only in 3 patients [3.24%]. Skin excoriation was the commonest complication, noted in 10 patients. Failure to thrive secondary to colostomy diarrhoea was observed in 3 patients. Superficial wound dehiscence occurred in 3 babies. Urinary tract infection seen in 5 and Intestinal obstruction requiring laparotomy occurred in one baby.Conclusions: Colostomy prolapse is very common after loop colostomies. Rectus muscle splitting incision for loop colostomies is safe and is associated with low incidence of colostomy prolapse.
ROL DE LA STEVIA Y L-CARNITINA SOBRE EL IMPACTO GLICÉMICO DE UN SUPLEMENTO NUTRICIONAL EN ADULTOS
Authors: Duran Samuel , Angarita Dávila Lissé , Apaicio Camargo Daniel , Parra Karla , Uzcátegui Maria , Cespedes Virginia , Reina Villasmil Nadia , López Miranda Jose 
Published: November 2017

Actualmente la industria alimentaria ha generado interés en edulcorantes no nutritivos, por ejemplo la Stevia y en componentes especiales como la L-carnitina, utilizados en formulaciones de suplementos nutricionales para el control glicémico específicos para diabéticos. El presente estudio evaluó el efecto de la stevia y la L-carnitina sobre el índice glicémico(IG) y la carga glicémica (CG) de un suplemento nutricional en 19 sujetos sanos (09 hombres y 10 mujeres), quienes completaron aleatoriamente 3 pruebas de consumo, 1 para el suplemento y 1 para cada producto de referencia: solución glucosada (SG) y pan blanco(PB), obteniendo muestras de sangre a los tiempos 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 y 120 min; para medición de glicemias, e insulina basal y post-prandial. El área de incremento bajo la curva de glucosa (IAUC) fue menor para el suplemento 11778,73 que para los productos de referencia (SG) 13724,06; (PB) 13153,56 α=p 0,005. El IG= (62) y la CG = (16) resultaron intermedios y más bajos que el del pan blanco IG= (69) y la CG = (18), sin diferencias en la insulina post-prandial. Esto demuestra que este suplemento nutricional formulado con stevia y L-carnitina es capaz de prolongar la respuesta glicémica sin aumentar los requerimientos insulínicos en sujetos sanos. Se requieren estudios específicos en diabéticos para validar si el impacto glicémico es menor que el producto patrón. La presencia de otros nutrientes en la fórmula, influyentes en estos indicadores, no permite inferir que los resultados se deban únicamente al tipo de endulzante utilizado y a la L-carnitina.
OSTEOPROTECTIVE MEDICINAL PLANTS - PART 1 (A HUMAN CLINICAL EVIDENCE-BASED REVIEW)
Authors: Dragos Dorin , Gilca Marilena , Gaman Laura , Stoian Irina , Lupescu Olivera 
Published: November 2017

Background. Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disease affecting a large percentage of aging population, which leads to an increased risk of fractures and has a negative impact on life quality. The available treatments for osteoporosis are effective, but are associated with several severe adverse reactions, hence the interest for alternative treatments devoid of such redoubtable side effects. Medicinal plants represent a viable resource for new therapeutic agents.
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview about the medicinal plants that have been reported to have anti-osteoporotic effects in human clinical studies.
Materials and Methods. Relevant studies found in PubMed database, pertaining to efficacy in humans, mechanism of action, osteoactive phytochemicals and safety, were selected. For the inquiry, keywords such as “medicinal plant”, “osteoporosis”, “bone”, “fracture”, “osteoclast” and “osteoblast” were used in various combinations. The information extracted was integrated with the traditional knowledge on the correspondent medicinal plants. Results. Eight medicinal plants (Cimicifuga racemosa, Cissus quadrangularis, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Epimedium spp., Glycine max, Pueraria spp., Panax notoginseng, Salvia milthiorriza) were selected. Mechanisms involved include the activation of osteoblasts, inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, estrogen-like activity, anti-inflammatory activity, inhibition of collagen degradation by cathepsin K.
Conclusion. Several medicinal plants have been included in clinical studies successfully targeting osteoporosis, thus showing the potential to modulate bone resorption and bone formation.
Study the combustion processes of space debris in the Earth’s atmosphere by meteoric TV camera
Authors: Leonov V.A. , Bagrov A.V. , Attia G.F. , Abdelaziz A.M. , Ghoneim R. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Space debris of millimeter dimensions is almost not detectable by normal methods of observation from Earth. However, particles of such sizes can cause damage to the spacecraft. and even eliminate it. Estimating the status of impurity of near-Earth space mainly based on mathematical models, which are confirmed only for large particles. The millimetric fractions of space debris elements remain unexplored. In case of invasion of debris particles into the planet’s atmosphere, they burn down as well as meteoric particles of natural origin. In this work, the observation technique of separation of debris particles and particles of natural origin is described. Also, the results of the detection of particles from space debris received during the TV observations on the wide-angle camera patrol camera FAVOR (Russia, Northern Caucasus).
Above‐ and Belowground Development of a Fast‐Growing Willow Planted in Acid‐Generating Mine Technosol
Authors: Guittonny‐Larchevêque M. , Lortie S. 
Published: November 2017

Surface metal mining produces large volumes of waste rocks. If they contain sulfide minerals, these rocks can generate a flow of acidic water from the mining site, known as acid mine drainage (AMD), which increases trace metals availability for plant roots. Adequate root development is crucial to decreasing planting stress and improving phytoremediation with woody species. However, techniques to improve revegetation success rarely take into account root development. An experiment was conducted at a gold mine in Quebec, Canada, to evaluate the establishment ability over 3 yr of a fast‐growing willow (Salix miyabeana Sx64) planted in acid‐generating waste rocks. The main objective was to study root development in the soil profile and trace element accumulation in leaves among substrates varying in thickness (0, 20, and 40 cm of soil) and composition (organic carbon [OC] and alkaline AMD treatment sludge). Trees directly planted in waste rocks survived well (69%) but had the lowest productivity (lowest growth in height and diameter, aerial biomass, total leaf area, and root‐system size). By contrast, the treatment richer in OC showed the greatest aerial biomass and total leaf area the first year; the thicker treatment resulted in the greatest growth in height and diameter, aboveground biomass, and root‐system size in both the first and third years. Willow root development was restricted to soil layers during the first year, but this restriction was overcome in the third year after planting. Willow accumulation factors in leaves were below one for all investigated trace metals except for zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and strontium. For Cd and Zn, concentrations increased with time in willow foliage, decreasing the potential of this willow species use for phytostabilization, despite its ability to rapidly develop extensive root systems in the mine Technosol.Core Ideas
Salix miyabeana grew roots extensively in shale waste rocks, even if AMD generating.
Root development in waste rocks was delayed at least 1 yr under soil layers.
A soil layer of 40 cm maximized root system size after 3 yr.
Soil layer thickness rather than organic matter content determined sustained productivity.
Salix miyabeana accumulated Cd and Zn in foliage over time, especially with soil layers.
Application of Synchrotron Radiation‐based Methods for Environmental Biogeochemistry: Introduction to the Special Section
Authors: Hettiarachchi Ganga M. , Donner Erica , Doelsch Emmanuel 
Published: November 2017

To understand the biogeochemistry of nutrients and contaminants in environmental media, their speciation and behavior under different conditions and at multiple scales must be determined. Synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray techniques allow scientists to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for nutrient and contaminant mobility, bioavailability, and behavior. The continuous improvement of synchrotron light sources and X‐ray beamlines around the world has led to a profound transformation in the field of environmental biogeochemistry and, subsequently, to significant scientific breakthroughs. Following this introductory paper, this special collection includes 10 papers that either present targeted reviews of recent advancements in spectroscopic methods that are applicable to environmental biogeochemistry or describe original research studies conducted on complex environmental samples that have been significantly enhanced by incorporating synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray technique(s). We believe that the current focus on improving the speciation of ultra‐dilute elements in environmental media through the ongoing optimization of synchrotron technologies (e.g., brighter light sources, improved monochromators, more efficient detectors) will help to significantly push back the frontiers of environmental biogeochemistry research. As many of the relevant techniques produce extremely large datasets, we also identify ongoing improvements in data processing and analysis (e.g., software improvements and harmonization of analytical methods) as a significant requirement for environmental biogeochemists to maximize the information that can be gained using these powerful tools.Core Ideas
SR‐based techniques have revolutionized the field of environmental biogeochemistry.
Improvements to light sources will provide SR with extreme brightness and coherence.
This should be met with similar advances to synchrotron‐related hardware and software.
Environmental biogeochemists can drive the new advances in the synchrotron science.
Advances in SR will enable future breakthroughs in environmental biogeochemistry.
Phosphorus Release from Mineral Soil by Acid Hydrolysis: Method Development, Kinetics, and Plant Community Composition Effects
Authors: Hacker Nina , Gleixner Gerd , Lange Markus , Wilcke Wolfgang , Oelmann Yvonne 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
A modified pHstat approach captures P release kinetics in soil relevant for plant nutrition.
The fast‐reacting P pool comprises P from charged surfaces and easily soluble Ca‐phosphates.
The slow‐reacting P pool is a mixture of Ca‐phosphates and P released by dissolution of pedogenic oxides.
Legumes increase the exploitation of more stable P pools.
The release kinetics of phosphate (inorganic P [Pi]) at constant proton pressure in a pHstat experiment may be used as a proxy for P mobilization by rhizosphere acidification. pHstat experiments are challenging for calcareous soils because of the strong carbonate buffering. Our objectives were (i) to modify an existing pHstat method for calcareous soils and (ii) to determine plant species richness, plant functional group richness, and identity effects on pool sizes and rate constants (i.e., the fast‐ and slow‐reacting Pools A and B, respectively, and the associated release constants ka and kb). The study was conducted in “The Jena Experiment” comprising grassland mixtures with different functional group composition and species richness. In 27 samples with inorganic C concentrations <10 g kg–1, a constant pH value of 3 after 2 h was reached by removing all released cations with ion‐exchange membranes until all carbonates were destroyed. Thereafter, P release kinetics followed a biphasic course: the fast‐reacting Pool A contained 86% of the bioavailable Pi extractable with NaHCO3 plus NaOH. The slow‐reacting P pool additionally comprised P from dissolution of pedogenic oxides and more stable Ca‐phosphates containing 17 to 40% of HCl‐extractable Pi. Legumes decreased both pools (Pool A: 40.61 ± 3.83 with legumes vs. 65.24 ± 5.88 mg kg–1 Pi without legumes; Pool B: 36.88 ± 1.89 vs. 48.85 ± 1.81 mg kg–1 Pi) because of their increased P demand and associated ability to access hardly available P fractions. In conclusion, pHstat experiments are suitable for studying P dynamics in soil and reveal an aboveground plant composition feedback on soil P dynamics.
Water quality of small-scale desalination plants in southwest coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Atikul , Akber Md. Ali , Ghosh Prosun Kumar 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSouthwest coastal Bangladesh has an acute scarcity of safe drinking water. Both the government and non-government organizations are now promoting reverse osmosis based small scale desalination plants (SSDPs) to ensure safe drinking water. The aim of this study was to assess the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the desalination plants (DPs) installed in southwest coastal Bangladesh. Water samples were collected from the inlet and outlet of 10 DPs. The product water mostly complied with water quality standards. High levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) in feed water were reduced significantly after the treatment, although 10% and 20% of the product water samples respectively did not comply with the WHO drinking water standards for those parameters. Compliance of product water with the WHO and Bangladesh drinking water standards for chloride, bicarbonate and sodium were found in respectively 80%, 90% and 70% of the samples, although their concentrations in all the feed water samples were higher than both of the standards. About one-third of the DPs did not meet the drinking water standard for sodium, which may be an important health concern for the people consuming this water. Apart from one of the DPs, all of them complied with the standard for faecal coliform and Escherichia coli. Results suggest that proper maintenance of the SSDPs is necessary to ensure safe drinking water for the coastal population of southwest Bangladesh.