bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telehealth in Home Visiting for New Mothers: Are Outcomes Different if the First Visits Are in Person?
Authors: Holland Margaret L. , Fitch Dorothy J. , Regmi Drishtant , Sadler Lois S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHome visiting programs for new parents have a broad range of goals, including improvements in maternal and child health, reductions in child maltreatment, and improvements in child development. Before 2020, few home visits were conducted through phone or video encounters, i.e., telehealth home visiting (teleHV). However, rapid adoption of teleHV was required by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To understand how conducting initial visits via teleHV was associated with outcomes, we performed a secondary data analysis to make use of the natural experiment created by COVID-19. Utilizing data from the Nurse-Family Partnership, a US national evidence-based model, we compared outcomes for families whose initial home visits were in person (enrolled 10/2019 to 1/2020; n = 7066) to those whose first visits were through teleHV (enrolled 4/2020 to 12/2020; n = 14,587). TeleHV at intake was associated with a higher likelihood of elevated depressive symptoms at 12 months (OR = 1.37; 95% CI 1.07, 1.76), a lower likelihood of retention to child’s age 12 months (OR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.58, 0.78), a higher likelihood of early drop from the program (OR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.48, 2.12), and fewer screening assessments completed (b =  − 0.06; 95% CI − 0.07, − 0.04). No differences were detected between groups for the likelihood of breastfeeding at child’s age 6 months, elevated intimate partner violence (IPV) risk, 90% of attempted visits completed, or time to attrition. COVID-19 may have led families in different groups to have different experiences during key points of child development; however, as both groups’ involvement in the program occurred primarily during the pandemic, they were both subject to comparable influences. These findings suggest that in-person visits have some advantages in the first months of program involvement.
Vitamin D and hip protectors in osteosarcopenia: a combined hip fracture preventing approach
Authors: Giustina Alessandro , Giustina Andrea 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Osteosarcopenia is an emerging clinical condition highly prevalent in the older people. Affected subjects due to their intrinsic skeletal fragility and propensity to falls are at elevated risk of hip fractures which can increase morbidity and mortality. Strategies for attenuating the impact of predisposing factors on hip fractures are not yet well defined and should derive from multidisciplinary care and collaborations. Our aim was to narratively review available data on the preventive role of vitamin D and hip protectors on hip fractures in older patients with sarcopenia. Older subjects are at high risk of vitamin D deficiency and of falls due to several concomitant factors besides osteosarcopenia. Vitamin D protective actions against hip fractures may be mediated by both skeletal (increased mineralization) and extra-skeletal (reduced risk of falls) actions. Hip protectors may act downstream attenuating the effects of falls although their use is still not yet enough widespread due to the suboptimal compliance obtained by traditional hard devices. Concomitant use of vitamin D and hip protectors may represent an effective strategy in the prevention of hip fractures which need to be tested in ad hoc designed clinical trials.
Self-Study and Discussion Promote Students’ Science Learning
Authors: Lim Jaeseo , Yang Ji Won , Song Min Hae , Park Jooyong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany have investigated the effectiveness of teaching methods across different disciplines. In a previous study, we found the superior effectiveness of a two-part learning sequence consisting of self-study followed by discussion in humanities education. To examine the possibility of similar findings in science education, we compared that sequence with a traditional lecture–based teaching. Results indicate that self-study combined with discussion yields higher test scores, demonstrating its potential as a beneficial teaching strategy in science education. In Experiment 1, undergraduate students from various disciplines studied introductory biology under five different conditions: self-study and discussion, lecture and discussion, lecture and review, self-study and review, and self-study and review with additional learning materials. Results indicated that the self-study and discussion condition yielded higher test scores than both the lecture and discussion condition and the three review groups. There were no significant differences in scores among the three review groups. These results demonstrate that discussion is an effective learning method and that self-study enhances the benefits of discussion. In Experiment 2, which involved science and engineering majors, we successfully replicated the design of Experiment 1 using physics for the two discussion conditions: self-study or lecture. We also performed in-depth analyses of student interactions during the discussions. Among the two discussion groups, the self-study and discussion group exhibited more active and constructive engagement in sharing unknowns, leading to enhanced learning. These findings suggest that integrating self-study with discussion can significantly enhance learning outcomes in science education. This approach not only improves test performance but also fosters deeper student thinking. Thus, educators might consider adopting this method to create more interactive and effective learning environments in science courses.
Towards a conceptual design framework for bee botanic gardens: integrating perceptions on urban biodiversity into landscape design processes
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Ignatieva Maria , Gaynor Andrea , Hu Yuandong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBotanic gardens, valued for their live plant collections, have evolved into scientific institutions with roles in conservation, education, research, and public recreation. This study repositions botanic gardens as essential urban habitats enhancing biodiversity, focusing particularly on their support for both European honeybees and Western Australian native bees. This research addresses the intersection of urbanisation and bee conservation by developing a conceptual design for a bee-friendly botanic garden in Yanchep, Western Australia. It employs semi-structured interviews and research through design (RtD) methods to collaborate with local beekeepers, landscape architects, and ecologists. A systematic design framework for a bee-friendly botanic garden in Yanchep, Western Australia was proposed, encompassing the entire design process, from scope to detailed considerations, and aiming to be applicable across other parts of Western Australia and Australia. The research highlights three key findings: the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration, the importance of defining the garden type and functions early in the design process, and the need for diverse plant selection and nesting options to support native bees.
Knochen‑, Gelenk- und periprothetische Infektionen – eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung
Authors: Jung Norma 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungKnochen- und Gelenkinfektionen umfassen ein breites Spektrum an Entitäten, insbesondere die Inzidenz von periprothetischen Infektionen, diabetischen Fußinfektionen und Spondylodiszitiden ist weiter zunehmend. Das Management ist komplex und ein interdisziplinäres Team aus v. a. Chirurgen, Infektiologen und Mikrobiologen ist zur Therapieplanung dringend zu involvieren. Die Evidenz zu den Behandlungsmöglichkeiten ist eher niedrig, aber in den letzten Jahren wurden einige Landmarkstudien veröffentlicht. Für die native Spondylodiszitis konnte eine Nichtunterlegenheit für eine 6‑ vs. 12-wöchige Antibiotikatherapie gezeigt werden, bei den periprothetischen Infektionen konnte die Nichtunterlegenheit für die 6‑wöchige Therapie dagegen nicht bestätigt werden. Eine frühe Oralisierung (innerhalb von 7 Tagen) bei verschiedenen Knocheninfektionen war nicht unterlegen, eine intravenöse Mindesttherapiedauer wird nicht mehr empfohlen.
Aligned Ion Conduction Pathway of Polyrotaxane-Based Electrolyte with Dispersed Hydrophobic Chains for Solid-State Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Kim Bitgaram , Sung Myeong-Chang , Lee Gwang-Hee , Hwang Byoungjoon , Seo Sojung , Seo Ji-Hun , Kim Dong-Wan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA critical challenge hindering the practical application of lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs) is the inevitable problems associated with liquid electrolytes, such as evaporation and safety problems. Our study addresses these problems by proposing a modified polyrotaxane (mPR)-based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) design that simultaneously mitigates solvent-related problems and improves conductivity. mPR-SPE exhibits high ion conductivity (2.8 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C) through aligned ion conduction pathways and provides electrode protection ability through hydrophobic chain dispersion. Integrating this mPR-SPE into solid-state LOBs resulted in stable potentials over 300 cycles. In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals the presence of an LiO2 intermediate alongside Li2O2 during oxygen reactions. Ex situ X-ray diffraction confirm the ability of the SPE to hinder the permeation of oxygen and moisture, as demonstrated by the air permeability tests. The present study suggests that maintaining a low residual solvent while achieving high ionic conductivity is crucial for restricting the sub-reactions of solid-state LOBs.
A hybrid continuum-beam optimisation model: the virtual extensometer method for efficient optimisation of lattice materials
Authors: Dash Jason , Lozanovski Bill , Downing David , Noronha Jordan , Shidid Darpan , Khorasani Mahyar , Qian Ma , Brandt Milan , Leary Martin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) enables the fabrication of complex lattice structures that are infeasible with traditional manufacturing processes. These structures are typically implemented with constant cross-sectional strut elements; this strategy is expedient but leads to sub-optimal structural efficiency. Numerical continuum models allow robust mechanical modelling of complex lattice geometry but provide equally complex data fields that are ill-suited for traditional optimisation techniques. By contrast, numerical beam models represent the fundamental tensile and bending stress states but are incapable of capturing nuanced geometrical effects that lead to local stress concentrations. In this research, a hybrid continuum-beam method is proposed for the systematic optimisation of strut cross section: a representative unit cell is simulated by continuum elements, and the local strut stress tensor is acquired by embedded beam elements that act as virtual extensometers. By integrating a computationally inexpensive beam model into a more robust continuum model, the volume and the quality of data returned are significantly increased whilst being provided in a readily usable format for optimisation techniques, for a trivial increase in computational cost. The presented method is generalised and can be applied to any strut-based lattice structure. Body-centred cubic (BCC) and BCC with z-strut (BCCZ) lattice structures optimised by the proposed method are fabricated using laser-based powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) in AlSi10Mg and are mechanically evaluated. On average, performance for BCC lattice structures improves by 33% and 26% for relative yield strength and relative Young’s modulus respectively. BCCZ lattice structures saw a performance improvement of 25% and 19% for relative yield strength and relative Young’s modulus respectively, thus confirming superior performance at lower relative densities when compared to incumbent designs.
Environmental Radioactivity Monitoring and Radiological Impact Assessment of Agbara Industrial Area, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Usikalu Mojisola Rachael , Orosun Muyiwa Michael , Akinwumi Akinpelu , Babarimisa Idowu Olaegbe , Arijaje Theophilus Emuobor , Mohammed Adamu Usman 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study assessed the naturally occurring radioactivity of 40K, 238U, and 232Th, which pose a significant threat to human health, particularly when their concentrations exceed the threshold. Background radiation levels were measured at two specific locations, Access Bank and Market areas, across a total of forty (40) sample points. The measurements were taken using a calibrated RS125 Gamma Spectrometer (a portable NaI [Tl] detector) designed in Canada, in conjunction with a global positioning system (GPS) to accurately record the research coordinates within the Agbara industrial area, Ogun State, Nigeria. The mean activity concentrations of the primordial radionuclides were 177.87 Bqkg-1, 20.01 Bqkg-1, and 52.90 Bqkg-1 for 40K, 238U, and 232Th, respectively. More so, the in-situ measured dose rate (DR) ranges between 12.18 nGyh-1 (Access Bank area) and 97.95 nGyh-1 (Market area), with an average value of 47.22 nGyh-1. The average measured and estimated absorbed dose rates were within the safe limit of 57 nGyh-1 provided by UNSCEAR. However, the measured dose rates exceeded the recommended limit in ten locations, while measured activity for thorium exceeded the world average value for over half of the study locations. Although all estimated radiological parameters were within recommended threshold values, suggesting the low risk of exposure to higher levels of ionising radiation in most locations in the Agbara industrial area, there is a potential cancer risk for individuals who have resided in the area for 70 years or more due to long-term exposure to ionising radiation.
Modelling the front dynamics of invasive plant pathogens through the analysis of spatial gradients
Authors: Lione Guglielmo , Giraudo Marianna , Gonthier Paolo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVariables of phytopathological interest correlated to the impact of plant diseases, such as incidence and severity, may display a spatial pattern resulting from an underlying, yet unknown gradient. Along the main direction of the gradient the variable assessed at the site level either increases, or decreases. Spatial gradients may also arise because of the movement of a front of invasion, an imaginary moving contour separating areas already infested by a plant pathogen from those still pathogen-free. Adequate geostatistical tools may shed light on gradients directional properties, as well as on the direction the front of invasion is coming from or moving to. Tools currently available for that may be impractical due to the advanced computational and programming skills required for their application. Hence, the goals of this study were: (I) to develop, test and validate a new user-friendly geostatistical tool named DirGrad (Direction of Gradient) aimed at analyzing spatial gradients resulting from the impact of plant diseases; (II) to build an algorithm able to run DirGrad on R, one the most widespread open source software for statistics; and (III) to apply DirGrad for the ex post modelling of the invasion front dynamics. The designed algorithm was successfully validated both in silico and in the field by using data from real case studies such as those of the invasive fungal pathogens Heterobasidion irregulare and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi in a forest stand of Central Italy and across the Swedish island of Gotland, respectively. The algorithm is released as a user-friendly open-source script.
Expanding the causal menu: An interventionist perspective on explaining human behavioural evolution
Authors: Planer Ronald J. , Pain Ross 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Theorists of human evolution are interested in understanding major shifts in human behavioural capacities (e.g. the creation of a novel technological industry, such as the Acheulean). This task faces empirical challenges arising both from the complexity of these events and the time-depths involved. However, we also confront issues of a more philosophical nature, such as how to best think about causation and explanation. This article considers such fundamental questions from the perspective of a prominent theory of causation in the philosophy of science literature, namely, the interventionist theory of causation. A signature feature of this framework is its recognition of a family of distinct types of causes. We set out several of these causal notions and show how they can contribute to explaining transitions in human behavioural complexity. We do so, first, in a preliminary way, and then in a more detailed way, taking the origins of behavioural modernity as our extended case study. We conclude by suggesting some ways in which the approach developed here might be elaborated and extended.
The “Missing” Oblation and the Problem of Sacrifice in Early Antiochene Anaphoras: A Reconsideration of John Fenwick and Stefano Parenti
Authors: Olver Matthew S. C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is a wrinkle in the story of common features in West Syrian anaphoras, which John Fenwick called “the Missing Oblation.” In this article, I argue that the importance of the “missing oblation” highlighted by Fenwick, Robert Taft, Stefano Parenti and others needs to be balanced against the verbs of oblation that are present. The emphasis on the missing oblation, combined with the tendency to summarize the Antiochene structure with little reference to the importance of these verbs, results in an inaccurate and unbalanced sense of the degree to which the anaphora expresses the belief that the action of offering bread and wine is constitutive of the eucharistic action. This should lead to a caution with the unhelpful heuristic about the spiritualization of sacrifice in contemporary scholarship and the underemphasis of the belief in the materiality of the eucharistic sacrifice in writers such as John Chrysostom and earlier anaphoras.
The Implications of Hephaestus’s Role as the Inventor of Metallurgy in the Chronographia of John Malalas
Authors: Garstad Benjamin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractJohn Malalas presents Hephaestus as a king of Egypt who was deified as an inventor who made weapons and so provided his subjects with nourishment and strength in war. In the context of the Greco-Roman discussion of the progress of civilization and the identification of inventors, this may seem innocuous, even a commendation. But this discourse does not unite war and hunting, as Hephaestus’s inventions do. This combination seems to allude by inversion to the biblical ideal of harmony among people and between people and beasts, and so makes Hephaestus an agent of human delinquency. This denigration is confirmed by the magical initiation of Hephaestus’s ironsmithing. It is, however, by implication and allusion, rather than outright denunciation, that Malalas achieves his critique of the traditional gods and their deification.
The concentration of free glycerol in goat milk increases during feed restrictions
Authors: Larsen Torben 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis Research Communication introduces a novel enzymatic-fluorometric analytical procedure for glycerol and glycerol 3-phosphate in milk. Milk from thirty-seven goats was analysed during 9 consecutive days during which a two-day feed restriction was introduced. Fractional milk triacylglyceride and free glycerol increased significantly while glycerol 3-phosphate reacted more moderately. The energy status of the mammary cell is discussed.
What We Owe to Ukrainians: A Moral Perspective on Nuclear Coercion and Military Intervention
Authors: Anastazievsky Sophia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUkraine's war of self-defense against Russia is one of the clearest examples of a nation fighting a just war in recent history. Ukraine is clearly entitled to defend itself, and Russia is clearly obligated to cease hostilities, withdraw troops, and make repair. In light of this, some of the most salient moral questions related to Russia's war of aggression in Ukraine involve the international community; namely, what moral duties it has toward Ukraine, especially in light of Russia's extreme and pervasive human rights abuses. The first section of the essay argues that there is a pro tanto moral duty to intervene militarily in Ukraine to stop Russian human rights abuses and ensure that Ukraine achieves a military victory. This duty is grounded in duties of rescue, promissory obligations, and reliance obligations, as well as duties to nations’ own citizens and to the international community. The second section of the essay argues that the most relevant consideration in determining whether there is an all-things-considered duty for the international community to intervene militarily in Ukraine is Russia's nuclear coercion and the associated risk of nuclear war. This section highlights the nuclear risks involved in compliance with Russian nuclear coercion, which I argue have been neglected in prominent discussions. The moral stakes involved in this determination are very high, and succumbing to Russian nuclear coercion in the face of massive human rights violations would set a dangerous precedent. Any course of action should be guided by a thorough analysis of all the risks involved, both nuclear and moral.
Within-person pathways among maternal depressive symptoms and offspring internalizing problems from early childhood through adolescence
Authors: Chad-Friedman Simone , Chad-Friedman Emma , Lemay Edward , Olino Thomas M. , Klein Daniel N. , Dougherty Lea R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroduction:The report examined reciprocal within-person associations among maternal depressive symptoms and offspring depressive, anxiety and irritability symptoms from early childhood to adolescence using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM).Method:Participants were 609 mother–child dyads participating in the Stony Brook Temperament Study. Child and maternal internalizing symptoms were assessed every 3 years from ages 3 to 15 using maternal report on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Diagnostic Inventory for Depression, respectively.Results:At the between-person level, maternal depressive symptoms, and child depressive, anxiety, and irritability symptoms were all positively associated with one another. At the within-person level, greater within-person child anxiety symptoms at age 3 predicted both greater child anxiety and depressive symptoms at age 15 via greater child anxiety from ages 6 to 12, and greater within-person child irritability at age 3 predicted greater maternal depressive symptoms at age 15 via greater child irritability from ages 6 to 12.Conclusions:Findings reveal novel within-person developmental pathways from early childhood internalizing problems to later internalizing problems in both the child and mother. Intervention and prevention efforts should thus focus on early identification and prevention of childhood internalizing symptoms to reduce negative effects on both child and parent symptoms.