bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemodelan Dan Studi Eksperimental Laju Alir Fluida Pada Fluidisasi Minimum
Authors: Diyono Diyono , Suherman Suherman 
Published: June 2017

Laju alir fluida pada fluidisasi minimum telah ditelaah dengan pendekatan persamaan Ergun. Pada penelitian ini, laju alir fluida pada fluidisasi minimum ditelaah secara langsung dengan memvariasikan densitas partikel, diameter partikel dan tinggi unggun. Partikel padat yang digunakan adalah batu bara, batu bata, abu gosok, batu kapur, pasir dan zeolit sebagai representasi densitas. Diameter partikel berkisar rata-rata 0,054-0,338 mm. densitas partikel berkisar 1-3 gr/cm3. Tinggi unggun berkisar 5-10 cm. sedangkan fluida pembawanya adalah udara. Laju alir fluida pada fluidisasi minimum mengalami kenaikan seiring naiknya densitas partikel, diameter partikel dan tinggi unggun model persamaan matematis yang diperoleh adalah bentuk fungsi eksponensial dari kelompok-kelompok bilangan tak berdimensi dimana laju alir fluida pada fluidisasi minimum tergabung dalam kelompok bilangan Reynold. Hasil prediksi model memberikan hasil yang cukup baik bila dibandingkan dengan data eksperimental. Kata kunci : fluidisasi minimum, laju alir fluida
Stigmas and Memory of Slavery in West Africa: Skin Color and Blood as Social Fracture Lines
Authors: Thioub Ibrahima 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The campaign and eventual abolition of the African slave was momentous on several levels, not least for its impact on the global economy. In Africa itself, it brought about constant conflict. This article traces the ambiguities of the anti-slavery struggle on the part of the colonial powers, with a main emphasis on French colonies. It then proceeds to explore the legacies of slavery in several of these societies before reaching some broader conclusions about the contemporary discourse of legitimacy and memory.
Comparative Analysis of Business Process Modelling Tools for Compliance Management Support
Authors: Koncevičs Rolands , Peņicina Ludmila , Gaidukovs Andrejs , Darģis Māris , Burbo Rita , Auziņš Ainārs 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The paper presents results of the comparative analysis of business process modelling tools for supporting automated compliance management in organisations. By compliance in the paper we mean compliance to legislation, regulations of municipalities, external regulatory requirements and also internal organisational policies. The goal of the research is (1) to identify main attributes of business process modelling tools relevant in compliance management, and (2) to use the identified attributes for analysis of the tools to better understand the scope of their capability to support compliance management. The attributes of the tools have been derived from the related research. The analysis of the tools has been performed by installing each tool and evaluating it against a set of the identified attributes. The obtained results are useful in choosing the tools for compliance management in general and for open source solutions to develop new compliance management tools in particular.
Coordinator Role Mobility Method for Increasing the Life Expectancy of Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Jurenoks Aleksejs , Jokićb Dejan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The general problem of wireless sensor network nodes is the low-power batteries that significantly limit the life expectancy of a network. Nowadays the technical solutions related to energy resource management are being rapidly developed and integrated into the daily lives of people. The energy resource management systems use sensor networks for receiving and processing information during the realia time. The present paper proposes using a coordinator role mobility method for controlling the routing processes for energy balancing in nodes, which provides dynamic network reconfiguration possibilities. The method is designed to operate fully in the background and can be integrated into any exiting working system.
Various Methods of Knowledge Assessment during the Training of IT Specialists
Authors: Zaiceva Larisa , Prokofjeva Natālija , Kataļņikova Sabina 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Nowadays requirements for training of qualified IT specialists constantly increase. These issues as well as possible solutions are discussed by both teachers and students on many seminars, forums and conferences. The paper studies different methods of students′ knowledge control and computer systems that are used at the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology of Riga Technical University and demonstrates results of computer based students’ knowledge control use. Since 2005, two experiments have been held at the Department of Software Engineering in order to evaluate the efficiency of e-course application. The aim of the study is to determine how the use of e-courses for the control of knowledge affects the quality of education during the course studies given that students do not perform all the control activities. The results have shown that the highest examination results are achieved by the students who have completed all the control activities. It proves the influence of use of e-courses for knowledge control on quality of education.
Hydrographic changes in a river system and their influence on the legal classification of watercourses, exemplified by selected tributaries of the San river
Authors: Kubiak-Wójcicka Katarzyna , Brózda Sławomir , Sznajder Agnieszka 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The paper presents hydrographic changes in a river system and their influence on the legal classification of watercourses in Poland. As a case study, the watercourse Motwica, right tributary of the river San has been analysed. The main objective of this paper is an attempt to analyse whether the Motwica should be classified as flowing or standing water and the legal grounds for such classification in the Water Law Act. On the base of archival and contemporary cartographic materials’ analysis it has been determined that the Motwica should not be classified as natural watercourse because its significant part flows in an artificial channel.
Spectral analysis of water level fluctuations in Belarusian and Polish lakes
Authors: Volchak Aleksander , Choiński Adam , Kirviel Ivan , Parfomuk Siergiej 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Data regarding 25 lakes (9 Belarusian and 16 Polish) provided the basis for spectral analysis of water level fluctuations. The obtained output data concerned a 55-year observation sequence covering the years 1956-2010. The selection of lakes was determined by two factors, i.e. data continuity and inconsiderable anthropogenic impact. The lakes were divided into three groups depending on the course of the water level spectrum. The first group included the highest number of lakes (14) which were distinguished by smooth curves with no significant peaks (e.g. Lake Wygonoszczańskie). The second group shows a four-year variability (e.g. Lake Łukomskie). The third group is distinguished by an even peak of three-year water fluctuation (e.g. Lake Łebsko). The location of the lakes categorised into those three groups suggests a certain regionalisation. The first group is represented by lakes of central and northern Belarus, and eastern Poland. The second group includes lakes of eastern Belarus, and the third group - lakes of central and northern Poland. This suggests that alongside local factors, the location of the distinguished groups of lakes may also be determined by regional factors. Presumably, continentalism of climate increasing in an eastwards direction is one of the key factors responsible for the detected regional diversity of lake water level fluctuations.
Evaluation of the impact of fertilizers and seed quality on winter wheat yield
Authors: Iwańska Marzena , Laudański Zbigniew , Oleksiak Tadeusz 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of mineral fertilization and seed quality on the yield of winter wheat in production conditions. This assessment is made in terms of the expected probabilities of success in relation to the yield of analyzed cultivars, taking into account the interaction of the factors considered. Analyses were performed on data from 3815 fields. The impact of fertilizers and seed quality was evaluated using logistic regression. Grain yield was transformed into a binomial variable, where values were divided into two classes, i.e. below the mean and above the mean. The results of the analysis proved a significant effect of fertilization rate, which was modified by different seed quality. The highest probability of obtaining yields above the mean was observed for pre-basic and basic seed quality at high fertilizer rates.
Production of formulaic expressions in L2 Chinese: A developmental investigation in a study abroad context
Authors: Taguchi Naoko , Li Shuai , Xiao Feng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the development of L2 Chinese formulaic competence in a study abroad context. Participants were 31 American students studying Chinese in a university in China (intermediate-level). They completed a computerized speaking test consisting of 24 formulae-use situations twice during their semester-long study abroad in China. The learners produced a formulaic expression according to each situation, and their production was evaluated on appropriateness (rated on a four-point scale by native speakers) and planning time. In addition, a survey was administered to gather information about the learners' perceived frequency of encounter with formulae-use situations. The learners showed significant gains on appropriateness and fluency. Reported frequency of encounter with target formulae-use situations did not correlate with the gains in formulae production, except for the learners with lower pretest score. Qualitative analysis revealed four patterns of change: (1) change toward target formulae, (2) change toward target-like slot-and-frame patterns, (3) change toward non-target formulae; and (4) stabilized non-target formulae use.
Methods for growth regulation of greenhouse produced ornamental pot- and bedding plants – a current review
Authors: Bergstrand Karl-Johan I. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChemical plant growth regulators (PGRs) are used in the production of ornamental potted and bedding plants. Growth control is needed for maximizing production per unit area, reducing transportation costs and to obtain a desired visual quality. However, the use of PGRs is associated with toxicity risks to humans and the environment. In many countries the availability of PGRs is restricted as few substances are registered for use. A number of alternative methods have been suggested. The methods include genetic methods (breeding) and crop cultivation practices such as fertigation, temperature and light management. A lot of research into “alternative” growth regulation was performed during the 1980-1990s, revealing several possible ways of using different climatic factors to optimize plant growth with respect to plant height. In recent years, the interest in climatic growth regulation has been resurrected, not least due to the coming phase-out of the plant growth regulator chlormequat chloride (CCC). Today, authorities in many countries are aiming towards reducing the use of agrochemicals. At the same time, there is a strong demand from consumers for products produced without chemicals. This article provides a broad overview of available methods for non-chemical growth control. It is concluded that a combination of plant breeding and management of temperature, fertigation and light management has the potential of replacing chemical growth regulators in the commercial production of ornamental pot- and bedding plants.
Classification of tree species composition using a combination of multispectral imagery and airborne laser scanning data
Authors: Sedliak Maroš , Sačkov Ivan , Kulla Ladislav 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Remote Sensing provides a variety of data and resources useful in mapping of forest. Currently, one of the common applications in forestry is the identification of individual trees and tree species composition, using the object-based image analysis, resulting from the classification of aerial or satellite imagery. In the paper, there is presented an approach to the identification of group of tree species (deciduous - coniferous trees) in diverse structures of close-to-nature mixed forests of beech, fir and spruce managed by selective cutting. There is applied the object-oriented classification based on multispectral images with and without the combination with airborne laser scanning data in the eCognition Developer 9 software. In accordance to the comparison of classification results, the using of the airborne laser scanning data allowed identifying ground of terrain and the overall accuracy of classification increased from 84.14% to 87.42%. Classification accuracy of class “coniferous” increased from 82.93% to 85.73% and accuracy of class “deciduous” increased from 84.79% to 90.16%.
A comparison of different tending variants in beech stands by the crown thinning and from the view of their quantitative and qualitative development
Authors: Štefančík Igor 
Published: June 2017

AbstractImpact of tending on dvelopment of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) pole timber stands was analysed using different variants of the free crown thinning, i.e. the original method developed in Slovakia at the end of 1950s. Four variants of this method were compared: (i) - the free crown thinning on the whole area, the method of promising trees, later the method of target trees at stand age of 58 years. (ii) - the free crown thinning on non-whole area, tending realised inside of growth space of target trees only, the method of target trees, salvage cutting on the whole area. (iii) - the free crown thinning on non-whole area, the method of promising trees (the method of target trees at stand age of 58 years) realised on circular plots with diameter 4 m and spacing 8 m (distance between centre of circular plots). (iv) - combined selective method, thinning from below and the free crown thinning by method of target trees was used by the first thinning, in next thinning only the free crown thinning on whole-area was used, method of target trees. The structure (diameter and height) of the stand, the quantitative production parameters had been observed for a period of 30 years. Small differences were found in diameter and height structure between the variant (iv) and other three ones. Comparison of quantitative production pointed out minimum differences in favour of the variant (iv) compared to the other ones. The same results were also obtained in the qualitative production, especially for selective quality (target trees).
Structure and dynamics of spruce-beech-fir forests in Nature Reserves of the Orlické hory Mts. in relation to ungulate game
Authors: Vacek Zdeněk 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Knowledge of the structure and dynamics of near-natural mixed forests is a key factor for ecologically oriented management of forest ecosystems. The development of these model forests mostly takes place continually without any pronounced disturbances. Natural regeneration can be locally limited by ungulate browsing. The paper was focused on the structure and development of forest stands with emphasis on natural regeneration in relation to ungulates in Černý důl Nature Reserve and Trčkov National Nature Reserve situated in the Orlické hory Mts., Czech Republic. The case study was conducted in a spruce-beech-fir forest stand on four permanent research plots (PRP) of 0.25 ha in size. PRP are situated in the same stand and in comparable site and stand conditions, but two PRP has been protected against game by fencing since 1985-1989. The stand volume ranged from 478 to 565 m3 ha−1 in age 143 - 156 year. The results showed that the diversity of tree layer was higher by 19.8% (48.0% in species richness) in the stands protected by fence. In the phase of natural regeneration, the species composition, stand structure and number of recruits were poorer on unfenced PRP (7,990 recruits ha−1) compared to fenced PRP (13,160 recruits ha−1). Admixed silver fir and rowan were completely eliminated by browsing (to 94 - 100% of individuals). Growth analyses statistically confirmed that ungulates were a significant limiting factor for successful forest development (P < 0.001).
The definition and classification of innovation
Authors: Kogabayev Timur , Maziliauskas Antanas 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The paper presents the different definitions of innovation; the objective of the research being that of creating a theoretical model building on the previous work of several authors. The aim of the research is to define the different models, classifications and definitions of innovation. In this article we made use of a wide range of bibliographical sources on innovation, efficiency and also used comparative analysis of innovation definitions. Theoretical concepts were studied as well. The approach was constructed based on theoretical models of innovation definitions and used the technology and market perspectives. The main methods employed were comparative analysis of definitions of innovation and the creation of a model of innovation. It has been emphasized in the literature that the role of innovation is very important for making decisions regarding investment projects or investments for production. Innovation can bring benefits such as saving time, costs, and products and use them more effectively. Nowadays in the world, innovation is one of the most important factors of economic development, production, creation of a variety of products and in making management decisions. Innovation activity stimulates and has a positive effect also in investment activity.
Innovation is the core action for the development and productivity of any economic activity. Investment activity and its results are directly dependent on the type of innovation that has been used. An important range of literature sources refer to innovation efficiency measurement criteria, which are in most cases related to product, technology (process) and market. The use of a number of different measurement indicators is leading to the need for further examination of the innovation-business performance relationship. Our findings have let us distinguish five major groups of criteria where various factors could be allocated. To the three groups (product, market and process) we allocate two additional groups: finance and management. Innovation plays an important role in the efficiency of investments in an organization, forms of business activity and state policy in the field of business and design.
Application of Markowitz Model on Romanian Stock Market
Authors: Zavera Ioana Coralia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPerformance evaluation of financial instruments has become a concern for more and more economists, while security trading activities have developed over time. “Modern portfolio theory” comprises statistical and mathematical models which describe various ways in order to evaluate and especially analyse profitability and risk of these portfolios. This article offers an application of this type of model on Romanian stock market, the Markowitz model, by focusing on portfolios comprising three securities, and determining the efficient frontier and the minimum variance portfolio.
Physicochemical Properties of A- and B-type Granules of Wheat Starch and Effects on the Quality of Wheat-Based Noodle
Authors: Zhang Ke , Lu Qi-yu 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This work fractionated native wheat starches into A- and B-type granules fractions to accurately assess granules physicochemical properties and effects on water distribution, storage modulus (E′) and loss modulus (E″) of two type noodles with A- and B-type granules. Pasting viscosity and starch crystallization of A- and B-type granules were determined by Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. The noodles were prepared from wheat flour, which 20 % was replaced with the A or B starch fractions, respectively. The water distribution and dynamic mechanical properties of noodles were characterized through Low-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The results demonstrated that A- and B-type granules almost had a round shape with smooth surface. The crystal models of A- and B-type granules were the same but the relative crystallinity were different. A-type granules contained higher starch content, higher ratio between amylose and amylopectin and less damaged starch than B-type granules. B-type granules easily aggregated into clump in deionized water. A- and B-type granules were different in swelling properties and pasting viscosity under the same conditions. A-type granules possessed lower swelling power and water-binding capacity, higher solubility and pasting viscosity than B-type granules. A-noodles (relative to B-noodles) had higher ratio of immobilized water, E′ and E″.
Acoustical Properties of Contemporary Mosques
Authors: Karaman Özgül Yılmaz , Güzel Neslihan Onat 
Published: June 2017

AbstractReligious buildings are important for many communities because of their representation of different beliefs. In such structures, the sense of individuality or unity & togetherness are created according to variable worship activities; these different uses have also different acoustical requirements. In order to create the desired feeling in the space at the required time, rooms should be evaluated in terms of acoustical conditions.In the study, it is aimed to investigate the objective parameters of sound of the main prayer hall of the Bedirye Tiryaki Mencik Mosque, which was built recently in Manisa (Turkey). It is one of the modern examples of mosque architecture in Turkey. The structure differs from other contemporary examples with the design approach and construction technology. The mosque was built by using prefabrication technology for the entire structure. The acoustical evaluation of this recent example by comparing the recommended values of objective parameters shows that the building has balance between architectural and acoustical design.
Estimating Components of Mean Squared Error to Evaluate the Benefits of Mixing Data Collection Modes
Authors: Roberts Caroline , Vandenplas Caroline 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMixed mode data collection designs are increasingly being adopted with the hope that they may reduce selection errors in single mode survey designs. Yet possible reductions in selection errors achieved by mixing modes may be offset by a potential increase in total survey error due to extra measurement error being introduced by the additional mode(s). Few studies have investigated this empirically, however. In the present study, we compute the Mean Squared Error (MSE) for a range of estimates using data from a mode comparison experiment. We compare two mixed mode designs (a sequential web plus mail survey, and a combined concurrent and sequential CATI plus mail survey) with a single mode mail survey. The availability of auxiliary data on the sampling frame allows us to estimate several components of MSE (sampling variance, non-coverage, nonresponse and measurement bias) for a number of sociodemographic and target variables. Overall, MSEs are lowest for the single mode survey, and highest for the CATI plus mail design, though this pattern is not consistent across all estimates. Mixing modes generally reduces total bias, but the relative contribution to total survey error from different sources varies by design and by variable type.