bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural determinants in bacterial 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐D‐gluconate dehydrogenase KduD for dual‐coenzyme specificity
Authors: Takase Ryuichi , Maruyama Yukie , Oiki Sayoko , Mikami Bunzo , Murata Kousaku , Hashimoto Wataru 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTShort‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) is distributed in many organisms, from bacteria to humans, and has significant roles in metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and other biomolecules. An important intermediate in acidic polysaccharide metabolism is 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐d‐gluconate (KDG). Recently, two short and long loops in Sphingomonas KDG‐producing SDR enzymes (NADPH‐dependent A1‐R and NADH‐dependent A1‐R′) involved in alginate metabolism were shown to be crucial for NADPH or NADH coenzyme specificity. Two SDR family enzymes—KduD from Pectobacterium carotovorum (PcaKduD) and DhuD from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpyDhuD)—prefer NADH as coenzyme, although only PcaKduD can utilize both NADPH and NADH. Both enzymes reduce 2,5‐diketo‐3‐deoxy‐d‐gluconate to produce KDG. Tertiary and quaternary structures of SpyDhuD and PcaKduD and its complex with NADH were determined at high resolution (approximately 1.6 Å) by X‐ray crystallography. Both PcaKduD and SpyDhuD consist of a three‐layered structure, α/β/α, with a coenzyme‐binding site in the Rossmann fold; similar to enzymes A1‐R and A1‐R′, both arrange the two short and long loops close to the coenzyme‐binding site. The primary structures of the two loops in PcaKduD and SpyDhuD were similar to those in A1‐R′ but not A1‐R. Charge neutrality and moderate space at the binding site of the nucleoside ribose 2′ coenzyme region were determined to be structurally crucial for dual‐coenzyme specificity in PcaKduD by structural comparison of the NADH‐ and NADPH‐specific SDR enzymes. The corresponding site in SpyDhuD was negatively charged and spatially shallow. This is the first reported study on structural determinants in SDR family KduD related to dual‐coenzyme specificity. Proteins 2016; 84:934–947. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comprehensive analysis of motions in molecular dynamics trajectories of the actin capping protein and its inhibitor complexes
Authors: Koike Ryotaro , Takeda Shuichi , Maéda Yuichiro , Ota Motonori 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe actin capping protein (CP) binds to actin filaments to block further elongation. The capping activity is inhibited by proteins V‐1 and CARMIL interacting with CP via steric and allosteric mechanisms, respectively. The crystal structures of free CP, CP/V‐1, and CP/CARMIL complexes suggest that the binding of CARMIL alters the flexibility of CP rather than the overall structure of CP, and this is an allosteric inhibition mechanism. Here, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of CP in the free form, and in complex with CARMIL or V‐1. The resulting trajectories were analyzed exhaustively using Motion Tree, which identifies various rigid‐body motions ranging from small local motions to large domain motions. After enumerating all the motions, CP flexibilities with different ligands were characterized by a list of frequencies for 20 dominant rigid‐body motions, some of which were not identified in previous studies. The comparative analysis highlights the influence of the binding of the CARMIL peptide to CP flexibility. In free CP and the CP/V‐1 complex, domain motions around a large crevice between the N‐stalk and the CP‐S domain occur frequently. The CARMIL peptide binds the crevice and suppresses the motions effectively. In addition, the binding of the CARMIL peptide enhances and alters local motions around the pocket that participates in V‐1 binding. These newly identified motions are likely to suppress the binding of V‐1 to CP. The observed changes in CP motion provide insights that describe the mechanism of allosteric regulation by CARMIL through modulating CP flexibility. Proteins 2016; 84:948–956. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Framing the concept of satellite remote sensing essential biodiversity variables: challenges and future directions
Authors: Pettorelli Nathalie , Wegmann Martin , Skidmore Andrew , Mücher Sander , Dawson Terence P. , Fernandez Miguel , Lucas Richard , Schaepman Michael E. , Wang Tiejun , O'Connor Brian , Jongman Robert H.G. , Kempeneers Pieter , Sonnenschein Ruth , Leidner Allison K. , Böhm Monika , He Kate S. , Nagendra Harini , Dubois Grégoire , Fatoyinbo Temilola , Hansen Matthew C. , Paganini Marc , de Klerk Helen M. , Asner Gregory P. , Kerr Jeremy T. , Estes Anna B. , Schmeller Dirk S. , Heiden Uta , Rocchini Duccio , Pereira Henrique M. , Turak Eren , Fernandez Nestor , Lausch Angela , Cho Moses A. , Alcaraz‐Segura Domingo , McGeoch Mélodie A. , Turner Woody , Mueller Andreas , St‐Louis Véronique , Penner Johannes , Vihervaara Petteri , Belward Alan , Reyers Belinda , Geller Gary N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAlthough satellite‐based variables have for long been expected to be key components to a unified and global biodiversity monitoring strategy, a definitive and agreed list of these variables still remains elusive. The growth of interest in biodiversity variables observable from space has been partly underpinned by the development of the essential biodiversity variable (EBV) framework by the Group on Earth Observations – Biodiversity Observation Network, which itself was guided by the process of identifying essential climate variables. This contribution aims to advance the development of a global biodiversity monitoring strategy by updating the previously published definition of EBV, providing a definition of satellite remote sensing (SRS) EBVs and introducing a set of principles that are believed to be necessary if ecologists and space agencies are to agree on a list of EBVs that can be routinely monitored from space. Progress toward the identification of SRS‐EBVs will require a clear understanding of what makes a biodiversity variable essential, as well as agreement on who the users of the SRS‐EBVs are. Technological and algorithmic developments are rapidly expanding the set of opportunities for SRS in monitoring biodiversity, and so the list of SRS‐EBVs is likely to evolve over time. This means that a clear and common platform for data providers, ecologists, environmental managers, policy makers and remote sensing experts to interact and share ideas needs to be identified to support long‐term coordinated actions.
Lyricism, Identity, and the Power of Lyricism as the Third Space
Authors: BROWN BRYAN A. , COOKS JAMAL , CROSS KEITH 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study used the construct of “lyricism” as an instructional practice to explore the identity connections and cognitive learning potential embedded in instruction in a culturally relevant context. Through a 5‐week mixed methods study of students using the principles of lyricism (e.g., metaphor, double entendre, personification, polysemy, simile, and analogy), we used content analysis and interviews to analyze five students’ experiences learning science through lyricism. Our resulting analysis highlighted the generative potential of lyricism as a teaching tool, as students were required to develop a detailed understanding of the concept being taught to complete the lyrical tasks associated with the activity. We discovered that students developed a detailed understanding of the concepts while concurrently developing a rich appreciation of the scientific language they learned in the process. In this way, using lyricism as a teaching tool was paramount to the construction of a “third space” for science teaching and learning.
A Sustainable Development Approach to Assessing the Engagement of Tourism Enterprises in Poverty Alleviation
Authors: Medina‐Muñoz Diego R. , Medina‐Muñoz Rita D. , Gutiérrez‐Pérez Francisco J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTourism is a significant or growing economic sector in most countries with high levels of poverty on a global scale. Consequently, previous studies have suggested that tourism enterprises could and should play an active role in reducing poverty. This paper analyses the engagement of tourism enterprises in poverty alleviation. First, different sustainable development approaches are considered as regards increasing the contribution of this stakeholder to poverty alleviation, including corporate social responsibility. Second, empirical studies on the impacts of tourism organizations on poverty published since the year 1999 are critically analysed in order to generate an empirical research framework embracing the following issues: geographical scope, tourism scope and study methods. Third, there is an integrative discussion of empirical evidence from the literature regarding the contribution of private tourism enterprises and other tourism organizations to poverty reduction. Findings suggest that their contribution to poverty alleviation is linked to voluntary social responsibility initiatives and the organization size. Additional findings are shown regarding economic, socio‐culturaland environmental impacts. Recommendations for future research and public policy implications are also provided, which could be of interest to other industries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Surface Activities of Three Anionic Gemini Surfactants Derived from Cyanuric Chloride: Effect of a Branched Hydrophobic Chain
Authors: Hu Zhi‐yong , Zhu Hai‐lin , Wang Jian‐long , Cao Duan‐lin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSodium 4,6‐(2‐(N,N‐bis‐ethylhexylamino)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐4,6‐yl‐amino) ethane sulfonate (IXC8), Sodium 4,6‐(2‐(N,N‐bis‐octylamino)‐1,3,5‐Triazine‐4,6‐yl‐amino) ethane sulfonate (XC8) and 2,2′‐(6,6′‐(ethane‐1,2‐diylbis(azanediyl) bis(4‐(octylamino)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐6,2‐diyl)) bis(azanediyl))diethane sulfonate (C8‐2‐C8) were synthesized from cyanuric chloride. The surface activity and application properties of these surfactants (XC8, IXC8 and C8‐2‐C8) were discussed. The values of CMC, γCMC, pC20, Γmax, and Amin calculated from surface tension measurement at 30 °C indicate that the surface activity of IXC8, which has two branched hydrophobic carbon chains, has lower γCMC (26.8 mN m−1) than the other investigated surfactants and excellent wetting ability.
The Role of Systemic Risk Factors in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Atchison Elizabeth , Barkmeier Andrew 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is an increasingly common medical issue in the United States. The risk of developing the disease or having the disease progress is caused by many systemic health factors. This article examines the existing literature on the links between glycemic control, arterial hypertension, high cholesterol and hyperlipidemia, obesity, inflammatory markers, sleep-disordered breathing, and exercise with risk of diabetic retinopathy development and prevention. The literature shows benefit for good glycemic and blood pressure control. The effects of cholesterol, and lipid control, inflammatory markers, sleep-disordered breathing, obesity, and exercise are less well established.
Pharmacotherapy for Erectile Dysfunction: Recommendations From the Fourth International Consultation for Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2015)
Authors: Hatzimouratidis Konstantinos , Salonia Andrea , Adaikan Ganesan , Buvat Jacques , Carrier Serge , El-Meliegy Amr , McCullough Andrew , Torres Luiz Otavio , Khera Mohit 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Treatment of erectile dysfunction is based on pharmacotherapy for most patients.

Aim
To review the current data on pharmacotherapy for erectile dysfunction based on efficacy, psychosocial outcomes, and safety outcomes.

Methods
A review of the literature was undertaken by the committee members. All related articles were critically analyzed and discussed.

Main Outcome Measures
Levels of evidence (LEs) and grades of recommendations (GRs) are provided based on a thorough analysis of the literature and committee consensus.

Results
Ten recommendations are provided. (i) Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are effective, safe, and well-tolerated therapies for the treatment of men with erectile dysfunction (LE = 1, GR = A). (ii) There are no significant differences in efficacy, safety, and tolerability among PDE5 inhibitors (LE = 1, GR = A). (iii) PDE5 inhibitors are first-line therapy for most men with erectile dysfunction who do not have a specific contraindication to their use (LE = 3, GR = C). (iv) Intracavernosal injection therapy with alprostadil is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for men with erectile dysfunction (LE = 1, GR = A). (v) Intracavernosal injection therapy with alprostadil should be offered to patients as second-line therapy for erectile dysfunction (LE = 3, GR = C). (vi) Intraurethral and topical alprostadil are effective and well-tolerated treatments for men with erectile dysfunction (LE = 1, GR = A). (vii) Intraurethral and topical alprostadil should be considered second-line therapy for erectile dysfunction if available (LE = 3, GR = C). (viii) Dose titration of PDE5 inhibitors to the maximum tolerated dose is strongly recommended because it increases efficacy and satisfaction from treatment (LE = 2, GR = A). (ix) Treatment selection and follow-up should address the psychosocial profile and the needs and expectations of a patient for his sexual life. Shared decision making with the patient (and his partner) is strongly recommended (LE = 2, GR = A). (x) Counterfeit medicines are potentially dangerous. It is strongly recommended that physicians educate their patients to avoid taking any medication from unauthorized sources (LE = 2, GR = A). The first seven recommendations are the same as those from the Third International Consultation for Sexual Medicine and the last three are new recommendations.

Conclusion
PDE5 inhibitors remain a first-line treatment option because of their excellent efficacy and safety profile. This class of drugs is continually developed with new molecules and new formulations. Intracavernosal injections continue to be an established treatment modality, and intraurethral and topical alprostadil provide an alternative, less invasive treatment option.
Novel sesquiterpene lactone analogues as potent anti‐breast cancer agents
Authors: Nakagawa-Goto Kyoko , Chen Jo-Yu , Cheng Yu-Ting , Lee Wai-Leng , Takeya Munehisa , Saito Yohei , Lee Kuo-Hsiung , Shyur Lie-Fen 
Published: March 2016

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with high grade, metastatic phenotype, younger patient age, and poor prognosis. The discovery of an effective anti‐TNBC agent has been a challenge in oncology. In this study, fifty‐eight ester derivatives (DETDs) with a novel sesquiterpene dilactone skeleton were organically synthesized from a bioactive natural product deoxyelephantopin (DET). Among them, DETD‐35 showed potent antiproliferative activities against a panel of breast cancer cell lines including TNBC cell line MDA‐MB‐231, without inhibiting normal mammary cells M10. DETD‐35 exhibited a better effect than parental DET on inhibiting migration, invasion, and motility of MDA‐MB‐231 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. Comparative study of DETD‐35, DET and chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel (PTX) showed that PTX mainly caused a typical time‐dependent G2/M cell‐cycle arrest, while DETD‐35 or DET treatment induced cell apoptosis. In vivo efficacy of DETD‐35 was evaluated using a lung metastatic MDA‐MB‐231 xenograft mouse model. DETD‐35 significantly suppressed metastatic pulmonary foci information along with the expression level of VEGF and COX‐2 in SCID mice. DETD‐35 also showed a synergistic antitumor effect with PTX in vitro and in vivo. This study suggests that the novel compound DETD‐35 may have a potential to be further developed into a therapeutic or adjuvant agent for chemotherapy against metastatic TNBC.
Vitamin D status among indigenous Mayan (Kekchi) and Afro-Caribe (Garifuna) adolescents from Guatemala: a comparative description between two ethnic groups residing on the Rio Dulce at the Caribbean coast in Izabal Province, Guatemala
Authors: Naqvi Ali , Solomons Noel W , Campos Raquel , Soto-Méndez María José , Caplan Emily , Armas Laura , Bermudez Odilia I 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess vitamin D status and the influence of risk factors such as skin pigmentation and time spent outdoors on hypovitaminosis D among GuatemalanKekchiandGarifunaadolescents.DesignCross-sectional study, with convenient sampling design. Blood samples, anthropometric and behavioural data were all collected during the dry season. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were measured by RIA.SettingCommunities of Rio Dulce and Livingston, Izabal Province, Caribbean coast of Guatemala, with latitude and longitude of 15°49′N and 88°45′W for Livingston and 15°46′N and 88°49′W for Rio Dulce, respectively.SubjectsEighty-six adolescents, divided evenly by sex and ethnicity, with mean age of 14 years.ResultsMean (sd) 25(OH)D value was 27·8 (7·2) ng/ml for the total group, with 25·8 (5·9) and 29·8 (7·9) ng/ml, respectively, inKekchisandGarifunas(P=0·01). Use of vitamin D supplementation, clothing practices and sun protection were not statistically different between groups. Skin area exposed on the day of data collection ranged from 20·0 % minimum to 49·4 % maximum, with mean (sd) exposure of 32·0 (8.5) %. With univariate regression analysis, age (P=0·034), sex (P=0·044), ethnicity (P=0·010), time spent outdoors (P=0·006) and percentage skin area exposed (P=0·001) were predictive. However, multivariate analysis indicated that only sex (P=0·034) and percentage skin area exposed (P=0·044) remained as predictors of 25(OH)D.ConclusionsDespite residing in an optimal geographic location for sunlight exposure, nearly 65 % of study adolescents were either insufficient or deficient in vitamin D. Correction and long-term prevention of this nutritional problem may be instrumental in avoiding adverse effects in adulthood attributed to low 25(OH)D during adolescence.
Training mid-level health cadres to improve health service delivery in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Rawal Lal B. , Mahmud Kawkab , Islam Sheikh Md. S. , Mahumud Rashidul A. , Nuruzaman Md. , Ahmed Syed M. 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionIn recent years, the government of Bangladesh has encouraged private sector involvement in producing mid-level health cadres including Medical Assistants (MAs). The number of MAs produced has increased significantly. We assessed students’ characteristics, educational services, competencies and perceived attitudes towards health service delivery in rural areas.MethodsWe used a mixed method approach using quantitative (questionnaire survey) and qualitative (key informant interviews and roundtable discussion) methods. Altogether, five public schools with 238 students and 30 private schools with 732 students were included. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA v-12. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically.FindingsThe majority of the students in both public (66%) and private medical assistant training schools (MATS) (61%) were from rural backgrounds. They spent the majority of their time in classroom learning (public 45% versus private 42%) and the written essay exam was the common form of a students’ performance assessment. Compared with students of public MATS, students of private MATS were more confident in different aspects of educational areas, including managing emerging health needs (P&lt;0.001); evidence-based practice (P=0.002); critical thinking and problem solving (P=0.02), and use of IT/computer skills (P&lt;0.001). Students were aware of not having adequate facilities in rural areas (public 71%, private 65%), but they perceived working in rural areas will offer several benefits, including use of learnt skills; friendly rural people; and opportunities for real-life problem solving, etc.ConclusionThis study provides a current picture of MATS students’ characteristics, educational services, competencies and perception towards working in rural areas. The MA students in both private and public sectors showed a greater level of willingness to serve in rural health facilities. The results are promising to improve health service delivery, particularly in rural and hard-to-reach areas of Bangladesh.
New Techniques in Space Radio-Astronomy
Authors: Steinberg J.-L. 
Published: March 2016

In spite of the title of this paper, it is not easy to point out many significant developments in the techniques of space radio-astronomy in the last few years. Radio-astronomers are limited in their endeavours by several difficulties which they have not yet been able to overcome completely. I still remember F.G. Smith, in his 1965 Liège Symposium talk, saying that “space radioastronomy is in great danger of turning to geophysics”. This statement seems still valid three years later.However, we might consider that this tendency to deal with geophysical phenomena more than with observations of real astrophysical significance, is after all, not so bad. First of all, it is becoming more and more difficult to define the boundary between geophysics and astrophysics. And second, the Earth environment can be used as a laboratory where a number of processes which are assumed to take place in celestial bodies can be studied in situ. Some types of radio emissions observed by space telescopes are still to be explained and could very well lead to the understanding of mechanisms overlooked by the theoreticians. Radiophysical methods make a very powerful tool to study these phenomena, which occur in a medium that is now being extensively probed by rockets and satellites which send a continuous flow of data to the Earth, about 100000 bits per second, according to Parker.
Bibliography on Galactic Structure in the Direction of Polar Caps
Authors: Gliese W. , Jaschek C. , McCarthy M. F. 
Published: March 2016

The notion of preparing a bibliography on the topic of today’s Joint Discussion originated at about the same time in Heidelberg, Strasbourg and Castel Gandolfo. Letters and lists were exchanged as we prepared for our work here today; you must judge the results of this draft and help us with your suggestions. New IAU policy prefers that bibliographical materials be limited to Reports on Astronomy of the various commissions; hence there is no place in Highlights of Astronomy for the full Bibliography. Both the Director of the Vatican Observatory and the Director of the Strasbourg Centre de Données Stellaires have offered to publish the final listing. We are grateful to both and shall accept the Strasbourg offer; it is planned that it will appear in the January 1977 issue of the Information Bulletin.After listing the author, year of publication, an abbreviated publication reference together with Volume and page references and the title of the paper, we have listed, wherever possible, three additional sets of numbers. The first gives the approximate number of stars discussed in the paper; the second, the approximate magnitude range; and the third, the lower limit of the (absolute) latitude of stars contained in the paper. It should be noted that it was not always possible to furnish all these data for each article listed. Still to be added to the present compilation are the Reference Numbers to the Astronomy and Astrophysics Numeration in preparation by Gliese, a full list of bibliographical abbreviations used prepared by Jaschek and an Author Index and a preface written by McCarthy.