bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mild heat induces a distinct “eustress” response in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells but does not induce heat shock protein synthesis
Authors: Peksel Begüm , Gombos Imre , Péter Mária , Vigh László , Tiszlavicz Ádám , Brameshuber Mario , Balogh Gábor , Schütz Gerhard J. , Horváth Ibolya , Vigh László , Török Zsolt 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe current research on cellular heat stress management focuses on the roles of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the proteostasis network under severe stress conditions. The mild, fever-type stress and the maintenance of membrane homeostasis are less well understood. Herein, we characterized the acute effect of mild, fever-range heat shock on membrane organization, and HSP synthesis and localization in two mammalian cell lines, to delineate the role of membranes in the sensing and adaptation to heat. A multidisciplinary approach combining ultrasensitive fluorescence microscopy and lipidomics revealed the molecular details of novel cellular “eustress”, when cells adapt to mild heat by maintaining membrane homeostasis, activating lipid remodeling, and redistributing chaperone proteins. Notably, this leads to acquired thermotolerance in the complete absence of the induction of HSPs. At higher temperatures, additional defense mechanisms are activated, including elevated expression of molecular chaperones, contributing to an extended stress memory and acquired thermotolerance.
Understanding the anticorrosive protective mechanisms of modified epoxy coatings with improved barrier, active and self-healing functionalities: EIS and spectroscopic techniques
Authors: Njoku Demian I. , Cui Miaomiao , Xiao Haigang , Shang Baihui , Li Ying 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe present investigation adopted long-term in-situ electrochemical and spectroscopic approaches to study the combined active, self-healing and passive protective mechanisms of a new class of innovative anti-corrosive coatings based on epoxy doped with clay nanotubes impregnated with active species for the protection of carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution. The suitability of the as-received clay nanotubes to encapsulate the active agents was confirmed by different spectroscopic measurements. Tube end stopper with Ferric ion and polymer encapsulation with chitosan cross-linked with glutaraldehyde were adopted to tunnel the release of the active agents loaded into the nanotubes. The improved passive barrier performances of the various innovative coatings were revealed by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopic, while their active feedback and self-healing abilities were revealed by the optical and spectroscopic techniques. The optical/spectroscopic techniques revealed the degree of pit formation at the steel/coating interface and the iron rust formation around the artificially marked defects, including the ability of the marked defects to self-heal over exposure times. Adhesion and impacts tests were adopted to compare the physical/mechanical properties of the various coatings. The results afforded insights into the effects of exposure time on the protective and failure behaviours of both the reference and modified coatings.
The psoriasis-associated IL-17A induces and cooperates with IL-36 cytokines to control keratinocyte differentiation and function
Authors: Pfaff Carolina M. , Marquardt Yvonne , Fietkau Katharina , Baron Jens M. , Lüscher Bernhard 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPsoriasis is a TH17-driven inflammatory disease affecting a significant proportion of the world population. The molecular consequences of IL-17 signaling in the skin are only partially understood. Therefore, we evaluated the IL-17A effects on organotypic 3-dimensional skin models and observed that IL-17A interfered with keratinocyte differentiation. In agreement with this phenotype, IL-17A repressed the expression of many genes encoding structural proteins. Moreover, genes encoding anti-microbial peptides were induced, resulting in a strengthening of the chemical barrier. Finally, we observed enhanced expression of the three IL-36 cytokines IL-36α, β and γ. We found that IL-36γ was secreted from keratinocytes in an inactive form and that neutrophilic proteases, including elastase, were capable of activating this cytokine. Functionally and similar to IL-17A, truncated IL-36 cytokines interfered with keratinocyte differentiation in 3D models. The molecular analysis revealed strong cooperative effects of IL-17A and IL-36 cytokines in regulating target genes, which was dependent on the proteolytic activation of the latter. Together these findings suggest an amplification cycle that can be initiated by IL-17A, involving IL-36 cytokines and immune cell derived proteases and resulting in active IL-36 cytokines which synergize with IL-17A. This amplification cycle might be relevant for a persistent psoriatic phenotype.
The phase diagram and stability of trapped D-dimensional spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate
Authors: Yu Zi-Fa , Xue Ju-Kui 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBy variational analysis and direct numerical simulation, we study the phase transition and stability of a trapped D-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate with spin-orbit coupling. The complete phase and stability diagrams of the system are presented in full parameter space, while the collapse dynamics induced by the mean-filed attraction and the mechanism for stabilizing the collapse by spin-orbit coupling are illustrated explicitly. Particularly, a full and deep understanding of the dependence of phase transition and stability mechanism on geometric dimensionality and external trap potential is revealed. It is shown that the spin-orbit coupling can modify the dispersion relations, which can balance the mean-filed attractive interaction and result in a spin polarized or overlapped state to stabilize the collapse, then changes the collapsing threshold dependent on the geometric dimensionality and external trap potential. Moreover, from 2D to 3D system, the mean-field attraction for inducing the collapse is reduced and the collapse speed is enhanced, namely, the collapse can be more easily stabilized in 2D system. That is, the collapse can be manipulated by adjusting the spin-orbit coupling, Raman coupling, geometric dimensionality and the external trap potential, which can provide a possible way for elaborating the collapse dynamics experimentally.
Plastic deformation mechanisms in a severely deformed Fe-Ni-Al-C alloy with superior tensile properties
Authors: Ma Yan , Yang Muxin , Jiang Ping , Yuan Fuping , Wu Xiaolei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNanostructured metals have high strength while they usually exhibit limited uniform elongation. While, a yield strength of approximately 2.1 GPa and a uniform elongation of about 26% were achieved in a severely deformed Fe-24.8%Ni-6.0%Al-0.38%C alloy in the present work. The plastic deformation mechanisms for the coarse-grained (CG) sample and the cold-rolled (CR) samples of this alloy were investigated by a series of mechanical tests and microstructure characterizations before and after tensile tests. No obvious phase transformation was observed during the tensile deformation for the CG sample, and the plastic deformation was found to be mainly accommodated by deformation twins and dislocation behaviors. While significant phase transformation occurs for the CR samples due to the facts that the deformed grains by CR are insufficient to sustain the tensile deformation themselves and the flow stress for the CR samples is high enough to activate the martensite transformation. The amount of phase transformation increases with increasing thickness reduction of CR, resulting in excellent tensile ductility in the severely deformed alloy. The back stress hardening was found to play a more important role in the CR samples than in the CG sample due to the dynamically reinforced heterogeneous microstructure by phase transformation.
Transient increases in intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species levels in TCam-2 cells exposed to microgravity
Authors: Morabito C. , Guarnieri S. , Catizone A. , Schiraldi C. , Ricci G. , Mariggiò M. A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe effects of microgravity on functions of the human body are well described, including alterations in the male and female reproductive systems. In the present study, TCam-2 cells, which are considered a good model of mitotically active male germ cells, were used to investigate intracellular signalling and cell metabolism during exposure to simulated microgravity, a condition that affects cell shape and cytoskeletal architecture. After a 24 hour exposure to simulated microgravity, TCam-2 cells showed 1) a decreased proliferation rate and a delay in cell cycle progression, 2) increased anaerobic metabolism accompanied by increased levels of intracellular Ca2+, reactive oxygen species and superoxide anion and modifications in mitochondrial morphology. Interestingly, all these events were transient and were no longer evident after 48 hours of exposure. The presence of antioxidants prevented not only the effects described above but also the modifications in cytoskeletal architecture and the activation of the autophagy process induced by simulated microgravity. In conclusion, in the TCam-2 cell model, simulated microgravity activated the oxidative machinery, triggering transient macroscopic cell events, such as a reduction in the proliferation rate, changes in cytoskeleton-driven shape and autophagy activation.
Origin of methane-rich natural gas at the West Pacific convergent plate boundary
Authors: Sano Yuji , Kinoshita Naoya , Kagoshima Takanori , Takahata Naoto , Sakata Susumu , Toki Tomohiro , Kawagucci Shinsuke , Waseda Amane , Lan Tefang , Wen Hsinyi , Chen Ai-Ti , Lee Hsiaofen , Yang Tsanyao F. , Zheng Guodong , Tomonaga Yama , Roulleau Emilie , Pinti Daniele L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMethane emission from the geosphere is generally characterized by a radiocarbon-free signature and might preserve information on the deep carbon cycle on Earth. Here we report a clear relationship between the origin of methane-rich natural gases and the geodynamic setting of the West Pacific convergent plate boundary. Natural gases in the frontal arc basin (South Kanto gas fields, Northeast Japan) show a typical microbial signature with light carbon isotopes, high CH4/C2H6 and CH4/3He ratios. In the Akita-Niigata region – which corresponds to the slope stretching from the volcanic-arc to the back-arc –a thermogenic signature characterize the gases, with prevalence of heavy carbon isotopes, low CH4/C2H6 and CH4/3He ratios. Natural gases from mud volcanoes in South Taiwan at the collision zone show heavy carbon isotopes, middle CH4/C2H6 ratios and low CH4/3He ratios. On the other hand, those from the Tokara Islands situated on the volcanic front of Southwest Japan show the heaviest carbon isotopes, middle CH4/C2H6 ratios and the lowest CH4/3He ratios. The observed geochemical signatures of natural gases are clearly explained by a mixing of microbial, thermogenic and abiotic methane. An increasing contribution of abiotic methane towards more tectonically active regions of the plate boundary is suggested.
The Immunomodulatory Drug Glatiramer Acetate is Also an Effective Antimicrobial Agent that Kills Gram-negative Bacteria
Authors: Christiansen Stig Hill , Murphy Ronan A. , Juul-Madsen Kristian , Fredborg Marlene , Hvam Michael Lykke , Axelgaard Esben , Skovdal Sandra M. , Meyer Rikke Louise , Sørensen Uffe B. Skov , Möller Arne , Nyengaard Jens Randel , Nørskov-Lauritsen Niels , Wang Mikala , Gadjeva Mihaela , Howard Kenneth A. , Davies Jane C. , Petersen Eskild , Vorup-Jensen Thomas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractClassic drug development strategies have failed to meet the urgent clinical needs in treating infections with Gram-negative bacteria. Repurposing drugs can lead to timely availability of new antibiotics, accelerated by existing safety profiles. Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a widely used and safe formulation for treatment of multiple sclerosis. It contains a large diversity of essentially isomeric polypeptides with the cationic and amphiphilic character of many antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Here, we report that GA is antibacterial, targeting Gram-negative organisms with higher activity towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa than the naturally-occurring AMP LL-37 in human plasma. As judged from flow cytometric assays, bacterial killing by GA occurred within minutes. Laboratory strains of Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa were killed by a process of condensing intracellular contents. Efficient killing by GA was also demonstrated in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates and approximately 50% of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa from chronic airway infection in CF patients. By contrast, the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus cells appeared to be protected from GA by an increased formation of nm-scale particulates. Our data identify GA as an attractive drug repurposing candidate to treat infections with Gram-negative bacteria.
The evolution of a rare mammalian trait – benefits and costs of male philopatry in proboscis bats
Authors: Günther Linus , Knörnschild Mirjam , Nagy Martina , Mayer Frieder 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhile inbreeding avoidance is widely accepted as the major driver of female natal dispersal, the evolution of male philopatry is still poorly understood and discussed to be driven by male mating strategy, mate competition among male kin and kin cooperation. During a twelve-year study, we gathered detailed genetic and observational data of individually marked proboscis bats to assess the degree of male philopatry as well as its costs and benefits to improve the understanding of its evolution. Our results reveal several patrilines with simultaneous presence of closely related males and a small proportion of unrelated immigrant males in their colonies. Philopatric males benefit from avoiding the costs of immigration into foreign colonies through significantly longer tenure, better integration (i.e. frequent nocturnal presence in the colonies) and consequently significantly higher reproductive success compared to immigrant males. Finally, we illustrate that despite a high proportion of philopatric males in the groups, the number of closely related competing males is low. Thus, the hypothesised costs of mate competition among male kin seem to be low in promiscuous mammalian societies with unrelated females and a small degree of male immigration and are readily outweighed by the benefits of staying in the natal group.
Electroacupuncture Attenuates Induction of Inflammatory Pain by Regulating Opioid and Adenosine Pathways in Mice
Authors: Liao Hsien-Yin , Hsieh Ching-Liang , Huang Chun-Ping , Lin Yi-Wen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough inflammatory pain is a common clinical condition, its mechanisms are still unclear. Electroacupuncture (EA), a well-known method of pain management, may reduce inflammatory pain by regulating neurons, astrocytes, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Injections of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), which can initiate cell-mediated inflammatory pain, resulted in significant hyperalgesia, which was subsequently prevented by EA. In CFA-injected mice, a dramatic increase was observed in the expression of the following proteins in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord dorsal horn: the astrocytic marker GFAP, S100B, RAGE, pPKCε, COX-2, pERK, and pNFκB. These effects were reversed by EA. In addition, mechanical hyperalgesia was significantly reduced in the N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) i.p. or i.m. and endomorphin (EM) i.p. groups. Neither EM i.m. nor EM i.p. exhibited any analgesic effect on thermal hyperalgesia. However, both CPA i.m. and CPA i.p. attenuated thermal hyperalgesia in the mouse inflammatory pain model. We showed that CPA reduced COX-2 and pPKCε expression. However, EM administration did not reduce COX-2 levels. Combined administration of naloxone and rolofylline increased pPKCε and COX-2 pathways. Taken together, our study results revealed a novel and detailed mechanism of EA-induced analgesia that involves the regulation of the opioid and adenosine pathways.
Resveratrol modulates cocaine-induced inhibitory synaptic plasticity in VTA dopamine neurons by inhibiting phosphodiesterases (PDEs)
Authors: Li Yan , Yu Laikang , Zhao Li , Zeng Fanxing , Liu Qing-song 
Published: November 2017

AbstractResveratrol is a natural phytoalexin synthesized by plants, including grapes. It displays a wide range of neuroprotective benefits associated with anti-aging. Recent studies have shown that resveratrol regulates dopaminergic transmission and behavioral effects of drugs of abuse. The goal of the present study is to investigate whether and how resveratrol alters basal inhibitory synaptic transmission and cocaine-induced inhibitory synaptic plasticity in dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). We report that resveratrol elevated cAMP levels by itself and further potentiated a forskolin-induced increase in cAMP levels in midbrain slices, consistent with reported effects of inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Resveratrol potentiated GABAA and GABAB-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in VTA dopamine neurons, and these effects were mediated by a protein kinase A (PKA)–dependent enhancement of presynaptic GABA release. In addition, we found that resveratrol blocked endocannabinoid-mediated long-term synaptic depression in VTA dopamine neurons. Resveratrol pretreatments attenuated cocaine-induced conditioned place preference and blocked the cocaine-induced reduction of GABAergic inhibition in VTA dopamine neurons. Together, these results provide evidence that resveratrol modulates basal inhibitory synaptic transmission, cocaine-induced synaptic plasticity, and drug-cue associative learning.
Exploring Summarization Differences for Two Types of Expository Discourse in Adolescents With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Lundine Jennifer P. , Harnish Stacy M. , McCauley Rebecca J. , Zezinka Alexandra B. , Blackett Deena Schwen , Fox Robert A. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Annually, nearly 700,000 U.S. children and adolescents experience a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Many of them struggle academically, despite failing to qualify for special education services because their cognitive communication impairments are subtle.

Method
In this exploratory study, five adolescents with TBI provided verbal summaries of two expository lectures (compare–contrast, cause–effect) and participated in cognitive and expressive syntax testing. Their performance on these tasks was compared descriptively to that of 50 adolescents with typical development.

Results

For adolescents with TBI, mean summary quality scores for both exposition types were at least 1
SD
lower than those of adolescents with typical development and notably 2
SD
s below for the cause–effect passage. The adolescents with TBI who had below-average cognitive scores showed better performance on compare–contrast summaries compared to cause–effect, whereas the majority of adolescents with typical development showed the opposite tendency.

Conclusions
These results provide preliminary evidence that students with TBI, particularly those with cognitive deficits, may struggle with expository discourse despite acceptable performance on a measure of expressive syntax. This study also indicates that researchers should explore how students with TBI perform on academically relevant discourse tasks in order to inform future assessment and intervention efforts.

Supplemental Materials

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5572786
A National Survey of Simulation Use in University Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders
Authors: Dudding Carol C. , Nottingham Elizabeth E. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This study provides a framework for understanding the range and diversity of simulation use, along with the benefits and challenges to the growth of simulation in university programs in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) across the United States.

Method

A web-based questionnaire was developed and deployed to educators in undergraduate and graduate speech-language pathology and audiology programs in the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association EdFind database (
N
= 309). Responses from 44% (
n =
136) of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association–accredited CSD programs were analyzed.

Results

Overall, 51% (
n =
69) of respondents reported using simulations in clinical education. Of the 5 categories of health care simulation, programs most often employed standardized patients and/or computer-based simulations. Barriers to using simulations included a lack of knowledge, limited financial resources, undertrained faculty, and little guidance from accrediting bodies. A significant number of respondents (
n =
66) agreed with the statement that simulated experiences could account for up to 25% of required direct clinical hours in speech-language pathology and audiology.

Conclusions
Results of this study suggest an emerging acceptance of simulations as a method of augmenting clinical education within CSD programs. Expanding educational efforts and increasing opportunities for faculty training are essential in realizing the full potential of future professionals using simulations in CSD.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5576296
Recognition and Comprehension of “Narrow Focus” by Young Adults With Prelingual Hearing Loss Using Hearing Aids or Cochlear Implants
Authors: Segal Osnat , Kishon-Rabin Liat 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe stressed word in a sentence (narrow focus [NF]) conveys information about the intent of the speaker and is therefore important for processing spoken language and in social interactions. The ability of participants with severe-to-profound prelingual hearing loss to comprehend NF has rarely been investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the recognition and comprehension of NF by young adults with prelingual hearing loss compared with those of participants with normal hearing (NH).MethodThe participants included young adults with hearing aids (HA;n= 10), cochlear implants (CI;n= 12), and NH (n= 18). The test material included the Hebrew Narrow Focus Test (Segal, Kaplan, Patael, & Kishon-Rabin, in press), with 3 subtests, which was used to assess the recognition and comprehension of NF in different contexts.ResultsThe following results were obtained: (a) CI and HA users successfully recognized the stressed word, with the worst performance for CI; (b) HA and CI comprehended NF less well than NH; and (c) the comprehension of NF was associated with verbal working memory and expressive vocabulary in CI users.ConclusionsMost CI and HA users were able torecognizethe stressed word in a sentence but had considerable difficultyunderstandingit. Different factors may contribute to this difficulty, including the memory load during the task itself and linguistic and pragmatic abilities.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5572792