Atmospheric gas dynamics in the Perseus cluster observed with Hitomi
Authors:   Hitomi Collaboration, Aharonian Felix , Akamatsu Hiroki , Akimoto Fumie , Allen Steven W , Angelini Lorella , Audard Marc , Awaki Hisamitsu , Axelsson Magnus , Bamba Aya , Bautz Marshall W , Blandford Roger , Brenneman Laura W , Brown Gregory V , Bulbul Esra , Cackett Edward M , Canning Rebecca E A , Chernyakova Maria , Chiao Meng P , Coppi Paolo S , Costantini Elisa , de Plaa Jelle , de Vries Cor P , den Herder Jan-Willem , Done Chris , Dotani Tadayasu , Ebisawa Ken , Eckart Megan E , Enoto Teruaki , Ezoe Yuichiro , Fabian Andrew C , Ferrigno Carlo , Foster Adam R , Fujimoto Ryuichi , Fukazawa Yasushi , Furuzawa Akihiro , Galeazzi Massimiliano , Gallo Luigi C , Gandhi Poshak , Giustini Margherita , Goldwurm Andrea , Gu Liyi , Guainazzi Matteo , Haba Yoshito , Hagino Kouichi , Hamaguchi Kenji , Harrus Ilana M , Hatsukade Isamu , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Hayashi Takayuki , Hayashi Tasuku , Hayashida Kiyoshi , Hiraga Junko S , Hornschemeier Ann , Hoshino Akio , Hughes John P , Ichinohe Yuto , Iizuka Ryo , Inoue Hajime , Inoue Shota , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Ishida Manabu , Ishikawa Kumi , Ishisaki Yoshitaka , Iwai Masachika , Kaastra Jelle , Kallman Tim , Kamae Tsuneyoshi , Kataoka Jun , Katsuda Satoru , Kawai Nobuyuki , Kelley Richard L , Kilbourne Caroline A , Kitaguchi Takao , Kitamoto Shunji , Kitayama Tetsu , Kohmura Takayoshi , Kokubun Motohide , Koyama Katsuji , Koyama Shu , Kretschmar Peter , Krimm Hans A , Kubota Aya , Kunieda Hideyo , Laurent Philippe , Lee Shiu-Hang , Leutenegger Maurice A , Limousin Olivier , Loewenstein Michael , Long Knox S , Lumb David , Madejski Greg , Maeda Yoshitomo , Maier Daniel , Makishima Kazuo , Markevitch Maxim , Matsumoto Hironori , Matsushita Kyoko , McCammon Dan , McNamara Brian R , Mehdipour Missagh , Miller Eric D , Miller Jon M , Mineshige Shin , Mitsuda Kazuhisa , Mitsuishi Ikuyuki , Miyazawa Takuya , Mizuno Tsunefumi , Mori Hideyuki , Mori Koji , Mukai Koji , Murakami Hiroshi , Mushotzky Richard F , Nakagawa Takao , Nakajima Hiroshi , Nakamori Takeshi , Nakashima Shinya , Nakazawa Kazuhiro , Nobukawa Kumiko K , Nobukawa Masayoshi , Noda Hirofumi , Odaka Hirokazu , Ohashi Takaya , Ohno Masanori , Okajima Takashi , Ota Naomi , Ozaki Masanobu , Paerels Frits , Paltani Stéphane , Petre Robert , Pinto Ciro , Porter Frederick S , Pottschmidt Katja , Reynolds Christopher S , Safi-Harb Samar , Saito Shinya , Sakai Kazuhiro , Sasaki Toru , Sato Goro , Sato Kosuke , Sato Rie , Sawada Makoto , Schartel Norbert , Serlemtsos Peter J , Seta Hiromi , Shidatsu Megumi , Simionescu Aurora , Smith Randall K , Soong Yang , Stawarz Łukasz , Sugawara Yasuharu , Sugita Satoshi , Szymkowiak Andrew , Tajima Hiroyasu , Takahashi Hiromitsu , Takahashi Tadayuki , Takeda Shin’ichiro , Takei Yoh , Tamagawa Toru , Tamura Takayuki , Tanaka Keigo , Tanaka Takaaki , Tanaka Yasuo , Tanaka Yasuyuki T , Tashiro Makoto S , Tawara Yuzuru , Terada Yukikatsu , Terashima Yuichi , Tombesi Francesco , Tomida Hiroshi , Tsuboi Yohko , Tsujimoto Masahiro , Tsunemi Hiroshi , Tsuru Takeshi Go , Uchida Hiroyuki , Uchiyama Hideki , Uchiyama Yasunobu , Ueda Shutaro , Ueda Yoshihiro , Uno Shin’ichiro , Urry C Megan , Ursino Eugenio , Wang Qian H S , Watanabe Shin , Werner Norbert , Wilkins Dan R , Williams Brian J , Yamada Shinya , Yamaguchi Hiroya , Yamaoka Kazutaka , Yamasaki Noriko Y , Yamauchi Makoto , Yamauchi Shigeo , Yaqoob Tahir , Yatsu Yoichi , Yonetoku Daisuke , Zhuravleva Irina , Zoghbi Abderahmen 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Extending the earlier measurements reported in Hitomi collaboration (2016, Nature, 535, 117), we examine the atmospheric gas motions within the central 100 kpc of the Perseus cluster using observations obtained with the Hitomi satellite. After correcting for the point spread function of the telescope and using optically thin emission lines, we find that the line-of-sight velocity dispersion of the hot gas is remarkably low and mostly uniform. The velocity dispersion reaches a maxima of approximately 200 km s−1 toward the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) and toward the AGN inflated northwestern “ghost” bubble. Elsewhere within the observed region, the velocity dispersion appears constant around 100 km s−1. We also detect a velocity gradient with a 100 km s−1 amplitude across the cluster core, consistent with large-scale sloshing of the core gas. If the observed gas motions are isotropic, the kinetic pressure support is less than 10% of the thermal pressure support in the cluster core. The well-resolved, optically thin emission lines have Gaussian shapes, indicating that the turbulent driving scale is likely below 100 kpc, which is consistent with the size of the AGN jet inflated bubbles. We also report the first measurement of the ion temperature in the intracluster medium, which we find to be consistent with the electron temperature. In addition, we present a new measurement of the redshift of the brightest cluster galaxy NGC 1275.