bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical processes related to net ozone tendencies in the free troposphere
Authors: Bozem Heiko , Butler Tim M. , Lawrence Mark G. , Harder Hartwig , Martinez Monica , Kubistin Dagmar , Lelieveld Jos , Fischer Horst 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Ozone (O3) is an important atmospheric oxidant, a greenhouse gas, and a hazard to human health and agriculture. Here we describe airborne in situ measurements and model simulations of O3 and its precursors during tropical and extratropical field campaigns over South America and Europe, respectively. Using the measurements, net ozone formation/destruction tendencies are calculated and compared to 3-D chemistry–transport model simulations. In general, observation-based net ozone tendencies are positive in the continental boundary layer and the upper troposphere at altitudes above  ∼  6 km in both environments. On the other hand, in the marine boundary layer and the middle troposphere, from the top of the boundary layer to about 6–8 km altitude, net O3 destruction prevails. The ozone tendencies are controlled by ambient concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx). In regions with net ozone destruction the available NOx is below the threshold value at which production and destruction of O3 balance. While threshold NO values increase with altitude, in the upper troposphere NOx concentrations are generally higher due to the integral effect of convective precursor transport from the boundary layer, downward transport from the stratosphere and NOx produced by lightning. Two case studies indicate that in fresh convective outflow of electrified thunderstorms net ozone production is enhanced by a factor 5–6 compared to the undisturbed upper tropospheric background. The chemistry–transport model MATCH-MPIC generally reproduces the pattern of observation-based net ozone tendencies but mostly underestimates the magnitude of the net tendency (for both net ozone production and destruction).
Corrigendum to the paper entitled "A variation on arithmetic continuity" published in Boletim da Sociedade Paranaense de Matematica Volume 35, Issue 3 (2017), Pages 195-202
Authors: Cakalli Huseyin 
Published: September 2017

The first sentence in the abstract should be replaced with the sentence "A sequence $(x_{k})$ is called arithmetically convergent if for each $\varepsilon > 0$ there is an integer $n_{0}$ such that $|x_{m} - x_{<m,n>}|<\varepsilon$ for every integers $m, n$ satisfying $<m, n> \geq n_{0}$, where the symbol $< m, n >$ denotes the greatest common divisor of the integers $m$ and $n$".
Novel ABCA4 mutation leads to loss of a conserved C-terminal motif: implications for predicting pathogenicity based on genetic testing
Authors: Wangtiraumnuay Nutsuchar , Capasso Jenina , Tsukikawa Mai , Levin Alex , Biswas-Fiss Esther 
Published: September 2017

Purpose: Mutations in the ABCA4 gene result in a broad spectrum of severe retinal degeneration, including Stargardt macular dystrophy, fundus flavimaculatus, autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa, and cone-rod dystrophy. In addition to the detection of well-characterized mutations, genetic testing frequently yields novel variants of unknown significance. The purpose of this report is to describe an approach to aid in the assessment of genetic variants of unknown significance. Case report: We report an 11-year-old girl with Stargardt disease harboring novel compound heterozygous deletions of ABCA4 (c.850_857delATTCAAGA and c.6184_6187delGTCT). The pathogenicity of these variants was otherwise unknown. Both deletions introduce premature stop codons and are localized within the open reading frame of ABCA4. The c.850_857delATTCAAGA occurs early in the gene and leads to a significantly truncated protein of only 317 amino acids. The c.6184_6187delGTCT, is localized to the 3’ terminus of the ORF and results in removal of the last 161 out of 2,273 amino acids of ABCA4, including the VFVNFA motif, which has been shown to be critical in ABCA4 protein function. Homology-based protein modeling of ABCA4 harboring this deletion suggests significant alterations in the protein structure and function. Conclusions: Our analyses allowed us to classify novel variants in ABCA4 as being clearly loss-of-function mutations, and thus pathogenic variants. In cases of variants of unknown significance, appraising the protein structure-function consequences of genetic mutations using in silico tools may help to predict the clinical importance of variants of uncertain pathogenicity.
Reproducibility and normal values of static pupil diameters
Authors: Schröder Simon , Chashchina Ekaterina , Janunts Edgar , Cayless Alan , Langenbucher Achim 
Published: September 2017

Purpose: To provide additional information on normal values of static pupil diameter measurements for binocular infrared pupillometry with PupilX, a commercial pupillometer, and assess the reproducibility of this device’s measurements. Methods: The pupil diameters from 91 study participants with normal eyes with an average age of 39.7 years (SD 16.4 years) were measured with PupilX under scotopic (0 lx), mesopic (1 lx), and photopic (16 lx) illumination. To assess the repeatability of the device, each measurement was repeated 5 times. Results: The mean pupil diameters were 6.5 mm (SD 1.3 mm), 5.5 mm (SD 1.2 mm), and 4.03 mm (SD 0.9 mm) under scotopic, mesopic, and photopic illumination. Left and right eyes showed no difference in mean pupil diameters. The mean unsigned anisocoria was 0.26 mm (SD 0.32 mm) under scotopic, 0.26 mm (SD 0.27 mm) under mesopic, and 0.19 mm (SD 0.19 mm) under photopic illumination. The decrease in pupil diameter with age was largest for scotopic (≈0.057 mm/y) and smallest for photopic illumination (≈0.025 mm/y). The repeatability of the pupillometer was better than 0.2 mm. Conclusions: This study provides reference values for age- and light-related pupil diameters measured with the PupilX digital pupillometer in normal subjects.
L5 Radiculopathy Secondary to Migration of a Revision Stemmed Acetabular Cup
Authors: Moreta Jesús , Casado-Verdugo Oscar L. , Labayru Fernando 
Published: September 2017

Introduction Stemmed acetabular components are used in patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty in cases with major acetabular defects or pelvic discontinuity. Conflicting results relating to the survival of the component, and complication rates are reported in the literature. We present a case of L5 radiculopathy secondary to proximal migration of this device. Case description A 79-year-old man was admitted to our department in 2012 with increasing pain and paresthesias, initially diagnosed as left L5 radiculopathy. In 2002, he had undergone revision surgery due to aseptic loosening of the acetabular component with a stemmed acetabular cup. Radiological findings were severe osteolysis around the acetabular cup with proximal migration. MRI showed osteolysis involving the left L5/S1 facet joint and evidence of soft tissue in the left foramina encasing the L5 radicular nerve. Nerve conduction and electromyography studies revealed chronic L5 radiculopathy. Discussions This case report illustrates the importance of considering acetabular loosening in a patient presenting with radicular symptoms. If a stemmed acetabular cup is chosen for an acetabular reconstruction, careful surgical technique should be employed in order to achieve durable fixation. If the patient has pelvic discontinuity, other options of reconstruction have showed better outcomes in the literature.
10-year results of the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing: a non-designer case series
Authors: Hunter Thomas J.A. , Moores Thomas S. , Morley David , Manoharan Gopikanthan , Collier Simon G. , Shaylor Phillip J. 
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Recent controversies surrounding metal-on-metal (MoM) hip resurfacing has led to a substantial decline in its use. Despite this, there is good evidence to support the use of specific implants in select patients. Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis of Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) patients with a minimum of 10 years follow-up was performed. Functional scoring was performed with the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and failure was defined as revision for any cause. 111 patients underwent 121 BHR procedures. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 10 years. 70 patients (63%) were male. Mean patient age at surgery was 52.5 years (male 53.9 years, female 48.8 years). Results: Overall survival at 10 years was 91% (97% male, 80% female). There was a statistically significant improvement in OHS postoperatively which remains at 10-year follow-up (p = <0.05). There was no significant difference in scores between the male and female groups. Revisions were most often in patients with smaller component sizes but this was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: Our results reflect that of the wider literature in that good outcomes can be obtained with this implant in a select group of patients and results are comparable to that of conventional hip arthroplasty in patients of a similar age.
Current practice of BHS members in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in adults
Authors: Colaço Henry B. , Davidson Jerome A. , Davenport Dominic , Norris Mark. C. , Bankes Marcus J.K. , Shah Zameer 
Published: September 2017

Introduction: The management of osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head remains controversial. It is unclear the extent to which non-arthroplasty procedures are used and there has been no previous report of the trends in operative management of ON in the UK. Our objective is to report current trends in management of ON of the femoral head amongst specialist hip surgeons in the UK. Methods: A single-stage internet-based survey was e-mailed to 352 eligible members of the British Hip Society (BHS). This consisted of 10 question stems including 16 hypothetical clinical scenarios with imaging. Results: 115 active Consultant members of the BHS completed the survey. For symptomatic pre-collapse ON we found core decompression (CD) was the most common operative intervention and for post-collapse ON we found that total hip arthroplasty (THA) was the most common operative intervention. We found no difference in the rate of operative intervention between 24 and 48-year-old patients at any stage of ON but joint preserving procedures were more often selected for the younger patient and arthroplasty for the older patient. Surgeons were more likely to offer arthroplasty to a 48-year-old patient at an earlier stage of disease. Conclusions: Our respondents would offer different operative interventions dependent on stage of ON and patient age. Core decompression (CD) and arthroplasty were common but variation in treatment options offered suggests a lack of consensus amongst UK hip surgeons. We suggest that further research such as a prospective RCT is needed to gain consensus on management of this condition.
Relationship between clinical results of total hip replacement and postoperative activities including weeding and snow shovelling
Authors: Kijima Hiroaki , Yamada Shin , Konishi Natsuo , Kubota Hitoshi , Tazawa Hiroshi , Tani Takayuki , Suzuki Norio , Kamo Keiji , Okudera Yoshihiko , Sasaki Ken , Kawano Tetsuya , Miyakoshi Naohisa , Shimada Yoichi 
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Weeding or snow shovelling is indispensable for life in farm villages of northern countries. Clarifying the relationships between the degrees of these activities after total hip replacement (THR) and the clinical results of THR may enable us to predict the results of THR for high-level activity patients. The relationships between work activities after THR and the results were investigated. Methods: The subjects were 95 post-THR patients, who consulted 6 hospitals in August 2012. First, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip-Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ) and a questionnaire on postoperative activity were administered. Then, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip score (JOA score) was evaluated. Results: The subjects’ average age was 68 years. The average period after surgery was 4 years and 5 months. Weeding and snow shovelling were performed after THR in 44.2% and 40.0% of cases, respectively. The rate of farming after surgery (25.6%) was greater than that of swimming (21.1%). Both the JOA score and JHEQ were higher in those who played sports after THR than in those who did not (p = 0.003, p = 0.0046). The JOA score of those who performed work activities after THR was higher than that of those who did not (p = 0.0295). Conclusions: Nearly half of patients performed weeding or snow shovelling after THR, and about 1/4 of the patients engaged in farming after THR. The clinical results in cases doing sports and work activities after THR were better than those of cases not doing such activities. Therefore, these activities may be positively recommended.
Double acid etching treatment of dental implants for enhanced biological properties
Authors: Giner Lluís , Mercadé Montse , Torrent Sergi , Punset Miquel , Pérez Román A. , Delgado Luis M. , Gil Francisco Javier 
Published: September 2017

Background: The topographical features on the surface of dental implants have been considered as a critical parameter for enhancing the osseointegration of implants. In this work, we proposed a surface obtained by a combination of shot blasting and double acid etching. The double acid etching was hypothesized to increase the submicron topography and hence further stimulate the biological properties of the titanium implant. Methods: The topographical features (surface roughness and real surface area), wettability and surface chemical composition were analyzed. Results: The results showed that the proposed method produced a dual roughness, mainly composed of randomly distributed peaks and valleys with a superimposed nanoroughness, and hence with an increased specific surface area. Despite the fact that the proposed method does not introduce significant chemical changes, this treatment combination slightly increased the amount of titanium available on the surface, reducing potential surface contaminants. Furthermore, the surface showed increased contact angle values demonstrating an enhanced hydrophobicity on the surface. The biological behavior of the implants was then assessed by culturing osteoblast-like cells on the surface, showing enhanced osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on the novel surface. Conclusions: Based on these results, the described surface with dual roughness obtained by double acid etching may be a novel route to obtain key features on the surface to enhance the osseointegration of the implant. Our approach is a simple method to obtain a dual roughness that mimics the bone structure modified by osteoclasts and increases surface area, which enhances osseointegration of dental implants.
A Retrospective Study of 17 Patients who Had Excision of Abdominal wall Endometriosis after Caesarean Section over an 11-Year Period
Authors: Krepelka Petr , Velebil Petr , Feyereisl Jaroslav , Krofta Ladislav 
Published: September 2017

Introduction The aim of our study was to retrospectively learn about the incidence of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) after caesarean section (CS) in our Perinatal Centre (Perinatal Centre of the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child), one of the largest in the Czech Republic. Methods This is a retrospective review of hospital records on 18,454 caesarean deliveries between 2003 and 2014. Results A total of 17 cases of caesarean scar endometriosis (also known as AWE) were identified. The median age was 36.0 (33.5-43.5) years. In 10 patients, the cyclic pain was present. The median interval between CS and first symptoms was 3.0 (1.0-6.5) years. Ultrasound supported the diagnosis by the identification of hypoechogenic lesions in all patients. The median interval between symptoms development and surgical excision was 1.0 year (1.0-4.0 years). Excision was the mode of treatment. Excisions with clear margins (15 cases) were curative to all those patients. Two patients with involved margins had recurrences at 6 and 8 months, respectively, and were treated with a second resection with no further surgery. No malignant transformation cases were identified. Conclusions Physicians should be highly suspicious of CS scar endometriosis, especially after uterine surgery. Complete excision is the only curative treatment.
Audiências de custódia: instituto de descarcerização ou de reafirmação de estereótipos? | Custody hearings: institute of downcarcerization or reaffirmation of stereotypes?
Authors: Ferreira Carolina Costa 
Published: September 2017

Resumo: A audiência de custódia é um procedimento penal instituído no Brasil recentemente, por meio de decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal na Medida Cautelar na Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental (ADPF) nº 347, em setembro de 2015. Trata-se do momento processual no qual a pessoa presa em flagrante é apresentada a uma autoridade judicial, para que esta possa ouvi-la sobre as condições de sua prisão (regularidade do flagrante e informações sobre eventuais abusos praticados por policiais), além de decidir sobre a necessidade ou não da conversão da prisão em flagrante em prisão preventiva. O presente trabalho pretende analisar a implantação das audiências de custódia no Distrito Federal, verificando sua aplicação, em um momento em que se observa um aumento do recrudescimento penal e da cultura punitiva, como instituto de descarcerização ou de reafirmação de estereótipos. O trabalho também apresenta parte de resultados inéditos de uma pesquisa etnográfica das audiências de custódia no Distrito Federal, realizada entre os meses de janeiro e março de 2016, com a análise da interação dos atores do sistema de justiça criminal durante a realização dos atos processuais. Este texto aponta os resultados da pesquisa referentes aos discursos utilizados pelos magistrados e pelos promotores de justiça e seus poderes para reafirmar estereótipos aplicados às pessoas presas.
Palavras-chave: Audiências de Custódia. Discursos judiciais. Seletividade. Sistema de Justiça Criminal.

Abstract: A custody hearing is a criminal proceeding recently instituted in Brazil, through a decision of the Supreme Federal Court in the Precautionary Measure in the process of Argument on Basic Precept Violation (ADPF) nº. 347, in September 2015. This is a procedural moment in which the person arrested in flagrant is presented to a judicial authority, so that it can hear it on how conditions of its arrest, besides deciding on a necessity or not of the conversion of the prison in flagrante in custody prison. Based on that, the present work analyzes the implantation of the custody hearings in the Federal District, verifying its application, at a time when there is an increase in criminal recrudescence and punitive culture, as an institute of downcarcerization or of reaffirmation of stereotypes. The paper also presents some of the unpublished results of an ethnographic survey of custody hearings in the Federal District, conducted between January and March 2016, with the analysis of the interaction of the actors of the criminal justice system during the performance of the procedural acts. This text points out the results of the research concerning speeches, magistrates and prosecutors and their powers to reaffirm stereotypes applied to prisoners.
Keywords: Criminal Justice System. Custody Hearings. Judiciais speeches. Selectivity.
El tráfico ilícito de migrantes en Chile | Illicit trafficking in migrants in Chile
Authors: Avilez Hernández Cassandra C. 
Published: September 2017

Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene como objeto analizar el delito de tráfico ilícito de migrantes en Chile, cuyos elementos esenciales del tipo delictivo están referidos al traspaso de manera clandestina de fronteras. Para esto, se organiza este trabajo en tres secciones: en la primera parte, se realiza un breve rescate histórico de la migración en Chile, desde su concepto como también su relación con los flujos migratorios que han llegado al país desde los tiempos donde se inicia la población española en América. Luego, se analiza el tráfico ilícito de migrantes desde el ámbito del Derecho Internacional, la legislación que regula este delito transnacional y los diferentes tratados que permiten su persecución penal. En la parte final se profundiza el análisis de los convenios sobre tráfico ilícito de migrantes que Chile está cumpliendo en la actualidad, y que falta en el derecho interno para avanzar hacia una sociedad integradora que garantice a cada uno de sus habitantes sean nacionales o no, el respeto hacia sus derechos humanos.
Palabras-clave: Delito transnacional. Derechos humanos. Derecho migratorio. Derecho Penal Chileno. Tráfico de migrantes.

Abstract: This paper analyzes the crime of illicit trafficking in migrants in Chile, whose essential elements of the criminal type are related to the smuggling of frontiers. For this, this work is organized in three sections: in the first part, a brief historical rescue of migration in Chile is presented, considering its concept as well as its relationship with the migratory flows that have arrived at the country from the times of Spanish population in America. Then, in the second part, the illegal trafficking of migrants is analyzed from the scope of International Law, the legislation that regulates this transnational crime and the different treaties that allow its criminal prosecution. In the final part, the analysis of the agreements on illegal smuggling of migrants that Chile is currently fulfilling is deepened, and it lacks in domestic law to move towards an integrating society that guarantees each one of its inhabitants whether national or not, the respect for their human rights.
Keywords: Chilean Criminal Law. Immigration law. Human rights. Trafficking of migrants. Transnational crime.
Publieke zorgen rond de instroom van vluchtelingen
Authors: Eysink Smeets Marnix , Boot Anoek 
Published: September 2017

Public worries about the influx of refugees
Like many other European countries the Netherlands experienced a major influx of refugees in the fall of 2015. A majority of the population supported providing shelter to the refugees, but not without worries and anxieties about the effects of that influx, which sometimes lead to limited, local forms of social unrest. A study was started to shed more light on the worries and fears that existed in the population, on the assumptions these were based upon and on whether these worries and fears could lead to social unrest on a larger scale. The study was explorative, based on an eclectic, multi methods approach. The findings show that worries and anxieties were not limited to those who were opposed to the influx of migrants, but existed among supporters as well. The worries and anxieties were of a diverse nature, on topics like security, livability, economics, perceived (in)justice and socio-cultural aspects of life. A clear, credible answer or policy from the government was missed. When compared to the findings of earlier studies on the influx of migrants, some worries and anxieties seemed closely connected to what might be expected, in other cases a distinct ‘disconnect’ was found. These could be understood however when distorting mechanisms were taken into consideration that have been described in studies of more general security perceptions. As the worries and anxieties on the influx of refugees resonated other existing worries, anxieties and fears in society, a ‘cocktail of concerns’ was created that, given the right trigger, could have led to social unrest on a larger scale.