bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is new in diagnosis and management of light chain amyloidosis?
Authors: Palladini Giovanni , Merlini Giampaolo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is caused by a usually small plasma cell clone producing a misfolded light chain that deposits in tissues. Survival is mostly determined by the severity of heart involvement. Recent studies are clarifying the mechanisms of cardiac damage, pointing to a toxic effect of amyloidogenic light chains and offering new potential therapeutic targets. The diagnosis requires adequate technology, available at referral centers, for amyloid typing. Late diagnosis results in approximately 30% of patients presenting with advanced, irreversible organ involvement and dying in a few months despite modern treatments. The availability of accurate biomarkers of clonal and organ disease is reshaping the approach to patients with AL amyloidosis. Screening of early organ damage based on biomarkers can help identify patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance who are developing AL amyloidosis before they become symptomatic. Staging systems and response assessment based on biomarkers facilitate the design and conduction of clinical trials, guide the therapeutic strategy, and allow the timely identification of refractory patients to be switched to rescue therapy. Treatment should be risk-adapted. Recent studies are linking specific characteristics of the plasma cell clone to response to different types of treatment, moving toward patient-tailored therapy. In addition, novel anti-amyloid treatments are being developed that might be combined with anti-plasma cell chemotherapy.
Finding the shortest path with PesCa: a tool for network reconstruction
Authors: Scardoni Giovanni , Tosadori Gabriele , Pratap Sakshi , Spoto Fausto , Laudanna Carlo 
Published: April 2016

Network analysis is of growing interest in several fields ranging from economics to biology. Several methods have been developed to investigate different properties of physical networks abstracted as graphs, including quantification of specific topological properties, contextual data enrichment, simulation of pathway dynamics and visual representation. In this context, the PesCa app for the Cytoscape network analysis environment is specifically designed to help researchers infer and manipulate networks based on the shortest path principle. PesCa offers different algorithms allowing network reconstruction and analysis starting from a list of genes, proteins and in general a set of interconnected nodes. The app is useful in the early stage of network analysis, i.e. to create networks or generate clusters based on shortest path computation, but can also help further investigations and, in general, it is suitable for every situation requiring the connection of a set of nodes that apparently do not share links, such as isolated nodes in sub-networks. Overall, the plugin enhances the ability of discovering interesting and not obvious relations between high dimensional sets of interacting objects.
PROBLEMS OF THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE DOCTRINE OF LEGAL STATE
Authors: Батеева  , Питерская  , Piterskaya Aleksandra 
Published: April 2016

The article discusses specific approaches of legal doctrine of legal state, with focuses on the place and role of doctrine in the modern conditions of functioning of the state and legal spheres. The authors analyze the problems of legal state, identify their features based on the concepts of law, in particular natural law and theory of social contract. Based on the theoretical foundation the authors of &#34;classic&#34; principles of legal state conclude of inconsistency, which in its turn leads to the lack of implementation of principles into practice fully. So, the doctrine of legal state becomes very complicated and multivariate conceptual structure, which diverse factors have an impact on, depending on the concepts of legal thinking and understanding of state. In this regard, the article assesses the conceptual issues of law and science-based reasoning problems of theoretical doctrine
of legal state.
Midwives' experiences of helping women struggling to breastfeed
Authors: Lawton Kath , Robinson Ann 
Published: April 2016

Background: Breastfeeding is accepted as the optimum way to nourish babies. It is established that women need informed support from midwives, but the focus of previous research has been predominantly on women's experiences, rather than that of midwives. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore midwives' experiences of helping women who were struggling to breastfeed. Methods: A qualitative methodology was selected using a phenomenological approach. Five midwives were purposefully recruited and data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Following transcription, data were analysed using Colaizzi's (1978) framework of analysis. Findings: Three themes emerged describing midwives' experiences: time poverty, the impact of being ‘with women’, and professional integrity. Conclusions: The study revealed that breastfeeding has an emotional impact on midwives. Not being able to spend the time they felt the women needed affected the midwives. With reports of an increasing shortage of midwives, there is concern that time poverty may increase, leading to a greater sense of professional dissatisfaction.
Understanding and facilitating transition for middle-aged adults with longstanding disabilities
Authors: Wilding Clare , Mears Terri , Curtin Michael 
Published: April 2016

Background: Transition is a common experience; yet, there is a lack of understanding about how transition impacts middle-aged adults with a longstanding disability. Methods: Qualitative methods were used within a needs analysis design. Narrative data were collected via an online or postal written survey and phone or face-to-face interviews, which were transcribed verbatim. Data were inductively analysed and categorised to form descriptions of types of transition experienced, and what enabled or impeded the participants adapting to changes. Findings: Five types of transition were identified: deterioration of the health of a person with disability; deterioration of the health or death of a primary carer/s; change to living situation; change to daily activities; and seeking change. Five factors that influenced the outcome of transition were discovered: knowledge and understanding; time; attitudes; environments; and support and services. Conclusions: Adults with a longstanding disability may experience multiple and complex transitions as they age. Rehabilitation and therapy staff can support people with disability to adjust to change by providing information, helping and encouraging others to be accepting and supportive, allowing people time to accommodate to change, and providing a range of flexible and accessible services.
An exploration of the facilitators and barriers for people with osteoarthritis to engage in exercise
Authors: Evans Georgie , Adams Jo , Donovan-Hall Maggie 
Published: April 2016

Background/Aims: The benefits of exercise on general health are well publicised and indeed more so for people with osteoarthritis, but there is a lack of engagement in exercise by the general public, and further lack of engagement by people with osteoarthritis. The reasons for this are not known, despite the clear benefits for both groups. The aim of the study was to explore the perceptions of patient and public involvement representatives with osteoarthritis on the facilitators and barriers for their engagement with exercise. Methods: Using a qualitative semi-structured interview, transcripts of the participants' conversations with the interviewer were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: Seven separate themes were identified. These were: type of exercise; benefits of exercise; drawbacks of exercise; effects of exercise; public information; psychological impact; and social support. The main findings indicate: When a person knows and understands the health benefits of exercise, then they are more likely to engage in exercise For those with osteoarthritis, greater emphasis on physical activity may be more useful to encourage engagement Simple, clear consistent messages related to exercise for people with osteoarthritis are required from public health bodies. Conclusions: These findings are useful to guide future research by informing which areas are important to people with osteoarthritis when considering engagement with exercise. These may help with the design of studies and interventions. The use of language was particularly important when engaging with this group with older people expressing feelings of isolation where particular terms were used. There is a need for a consistent public information message to clearly communicate to the public about the benefits of exercise both on general health and for osteoarthritis.
Permasalahan Kelembagaan Pemanfaatan Waduk Darma untuk Kegiatan Budidaya Keramba Jaring Apung di Kabupaten Kuningan Jawa Barat
Authors: Hermawaty Amelia Indah 
Published: April 2016

<p><em>Waduk Darma merupakan salah satu sumber daya air yang diharapkan optimal hasilnya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih masyarakat Kabupaten Kuningan.</em><em> </em><em>Pemanfaatan Waduk Darma untuk kegiatan perikanan Keramba Jamba Apung (KJA) dinilai tidak sesuai dengan PP Nomor 37 Tahun 2010. Kegiatan perikanan KJA yang semakin masif berdampak pada menurunnya kualitas lingkungan di sekitar Waduk Darma. Kelembagaan pemanfaatan Waduk Darma ditengarai menjadi akar permasalahan yang perlu dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis permasalahan kelembagaan pemanfaatan Waduk Darma untuk kegiatan perikanan Keramba Jamba Apung (KJA) di Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini yang didukung oleh data hasil wawancara kepada pemerintah pusat dan daerah dan petani KJA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelembagaan pemanfaatan Waduk Darma tidak berjalan baik dilihat dari aspek kebijakan, peran dan kewenangan, dan koordinasi stakeholers. Dari aspek kebijakan, ada tumpang tindih peraturan antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah, tidak ada prosedur perizinan yang diberlakukan untuk kegiatan KJA, dan kurangnya sosialisasi mengenai kebijakan dan aturan pemanfaatan keramba kepada masyarakat maupun lembaga terkait. Dari aspek peran dan kewenangan, ada perubahan wewenang dari pemerintah daerah kepada pemerintah pusat, sumber daya manusia untuk mengelola Waduk Darma kualitasnya masih rendah, dan aktivitas perikanan KJA yang tidak terkoordinir dengan baik. Kemudian dari aspek koordinasi, belum ada koordinasi langsung antar instansi yang terlibat dalam pemanfaatan waduk, Tim Koordinasi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air (TKPSDA) sebagai wadah koordinasi belum berjalan dengan baik, dan adanya missing link antara pemerintah pusat melalui BBWS dan pemerintah daerah. </em><em>Pemerintah sebagai otorita</em><em>s</em><em> dapat membuat suatu konsep kelembagaan dengan model hubungan </em>integrated administrative system<em> agar tercipta hubungan yang harmonis antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah.</em></p>
A new perspective on the Riesz potential
Authors: Xiao Jie 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper offers a new perspective to look at the Riesz potential. On the one hand, it is shown that not only

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Expression and characterization of a cutinase (AnCUT2) from Aspergillus niger
Authors: Ahmed Al-Tammar Khadijah , Omar Othman , Abdul Murad Abdul Munir , Abu Bakar Farah Diba 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCutin hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.74), an extracellular polyesterase found in pollens, bacteria and fungi, is an efficient catalyst that exhibits hydrolytic activity on a variety of water-soluble esters, synthetic fibers, plastics and triglycerides. Thus, cutinase can be used in various applications such as ester synthesis, bio-scouring, food and detergent industries. Ancut2 is one of five genes encoding cutinases present in the Aspergillus niger ATCC 10574 genome. The cDNA of Ancut2 comprising of an open reading frame of 816 bp encoding a protein of 271 amino acid residues, was isolated and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The partially purified recombinant cutinase exhibited a molecular mass of approximately 40 kDa. The enzyme showed highest activity at 40°C with a preference for acidic pH (5.0-6.0). AnCUT2 showed hydrolytic activity towards various p-nitrophenyl esters with preference towards shorter chain esters such as p-nitrophenyl butyrate (C4). Scanning Electron Microscopy demonstrated that AnCUT2 was capable of modifying surfaces of synthetic polycaprolactone and polyethylene terephthalate plastics. The properties of this enzyme suggest that it may be applied in synthetic fiber modification and fruit processing industries.
Space-Time Discontinuous Galerkin Discretizations for Linear First-Order Hyperbolic Evolution Systems
Authors: Dörfler Willy , Findeisen Stefan , Wieners Christian 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We introduce a space-time discretization for linear first-order hyperbolic
evolution systems using a discontinuous Galerkin approximation in space and a
Petrov–Galerkin scheme in time. We show well-posedness and convergence of the
discrete system. Then we introduce an adaptive strategy based on goal-oriented
dual-weighted error estimation. The full space-time linear system is solved
with a parallel multilevel preconditioner. Numerical experiments for the linear
transport equation and the Maxwell equation in 2D underline the efficiency of
the overall adaptive solution process.
With the future coming up behind them: Evidence that Time approaches from behind in Vietnamese
Authors: Sullivan Karen , Bui Linh Thuy 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Vietnamese speakers can describe the future as behind them and gesture forwards to indicate the past, which suggests they use a conceptual model of Time in which the future is behind and the past is in front. This type of model has previously been shown to be pervasive only among older speakers of Aymara in the Andes (Núñez and Sweetser 2006. With the future behind them: Convergent evidence from Aymara language and gesture in the crosslinguistic comparison of spatial construals of time. Cognitive Science 30. 401–450). Whereas Time in the Aymara model does not “move”, the present data show that Time in Vietnamese can “approach” from behind the Ego and “continue forward” into the past. To our knowledge, no other language has been identified with a model where Time moves from behind Ego to in front. Recognition of this model in Vietnamese will open up new research opportunities, particularly since the model does not seem to be endangered in Vietnamese.
Simultaneous Removal of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants From Landfill Leachate Using Sea Mango Derived Activated Carbon via Microwave Induced Activation
Authors: Shehzad Areeb , Bashir Mohammed J.K. , Sethupathi Sumathi , Lim Jun-Wei 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The present work reveals the preparation and optimization of sea mango based activated carbon (SMAC) by microwave induced KOH activation for the adsorptive removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from the mature anaerobic landfill leachate using response surface methodology (RSM) technique. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) are the main indicators for organic and inorganic compounds often found in aged landfill leachate. Hence, the treatment of this stabilized landfill leachate is considered to be an essential step prior to its discharge. The leachate sample was collected from Sahom Landfill site in Perak, Malaysia and the initial concentrations of COD and NH3-N were measured as 550 mg/L and 3,330 mg/L, respectively. The feasibility of converting Sea mango to activated carbon process to remove the COD and NH3-N pollutants from landfill leachate was investigated. The preparation conditions such as microwave heating at power range (350–600 W), impregnation of AC with KOH (0.5–3.0) and retention time (6–10 min) were evaluated, analyzed and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the optimum conditions for preparation of SMAC was at 560 W of activation power, 8.4 min of activation time and 2.10 of impregnation ratios with higher adsorptive removal of COD (72.50 %), and NH3-N (79.77 %), respectively. The physical and chemical properties of SMAC were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and surface area. The findings exemplified the applicability of SMAC as an effective precursor for the simultaneous removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from mature landfill leachate.
Hormonal and organ-specific dysfunction induced by the interaction between titanium dioxide nanoparticles and salicylic acid in male mice
Authors: El-Shenawy Nahla S. , Al-Harbi Mohammad S. , Al hamayani Fatimah F.E. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background: Nanomaterials coating gained much concern in orthopedic implants and cosmetics. Drug combination may be a promising strategy for treating multi-factorial diseases. Titanium dioxide (TDN) nanoparticles are being widely used in many industries as well as in medicine and pharmacology. Therefore, increased human and environmental exposure can be expected, which has put TDN under toxicological scrutiny, and it is necessary to address the potential health and safety implications of nanomaterials used in nanomedicine. The toxicity of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TDN) and salicylic acid (SA) separately or in combination was studied for 21 days.

Methods: The liver and kidney biomarker were determined, and hormones and oxidative stress levels were detected in mice.

Results: The intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of TDN and SA in combination had a potential toxicological effect on major organs and hormonal homeostasis of mice. TDN and SA could antagonistically interact to affect the liver and kidney functions. No synergistic damage was observed in the liver function of mice that were treated with both TDN and SA as compared to the SA group. TDN acted as a synergistic agent to SA in the case of total cholesterol and total proteins levels. SA acted as antagonistic to the effect of TDN when injected together in mice because the effect on kidney functions is less than that predicted on the basis of the additive. The effect of co-administration of SA and TDN on the following hormones; triiodothyronine, thyroxine, estradiol II and insulin various among additive, potentiation, antagonistic and no effect, respectively as compared to TDN group. The interaction of TDN and SA was also found to induce oxidative stress as indicated by the increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. The decrease in the level of the reduced glutathione in the co-treated group indicated that there were no synergistic damages. SA and TDN co-administration could induce a potential increase in LPO levels in liver, kidney, and spleen but not in heart tissue. These results have not suggested that TDN and SA have a synergistic sub-chronic toxicity in mice after i.p. administration. SA may decrease the toxicity of TDN to some degree that could be related to the potentiation chemical reaction between SA and TDN.

Conclusions: Our results suggested that the damage observed in mice treated with TDN and SA is organ-specific and associated with hormonal homeostasis and oxidative damage.
Effect of 6 months intense Yoga practice on lipid profile, thyroxine medication and serum TSH level in women suffering from hypothyroidism: A pilot study
Authors: Nilakanthan Savitri , Metri Kashinath , Raghuram Nagaratna , Hongasandra Nagendra 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background: A significant number of women in India are suffering from hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is characterized by elevated lipid profiles and thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH). It leads many comorbid conditions such as coronary artery disease, obesity, depression, osteoporosis, sleep apnea, and etc. Yoga is proven to be effective in reducing weight, dyslipidemia, depression and it brings the balance in autonomous nervous system. We aimed to study the effect of 6 months yoga practice on lipid profile, thyroxine requirement and serum TSH in women suffering from hypothyroidism.

Methods: Twenty-two household women suffering from hypothyroidism between the age range of 30 and 40 (mean±SD; 36.7±3.2) years, with average 4±1.12-year history of hypothyroidism were included in this study. Subjects with known cardiac issues, hypertension, history, recent surgery, slip disc and low back pain were excluded from this study. None of the subjects were on any other medication except thyroxine which was kept during the intervention phage (mean 65.78±22.74 mcg). All the subjects underwent 6 months of yoga practice 1 h daily for 4 days a week. Lipid profile, thyroxine dosage and serum TSH level were assessed before and after intervention. Data was analyzed using paired sample t test & Wilcoxon’s signed rank test.

Results: The paired sample t-test showed significant reduction in total cholesterol (p=0.006; –8.99 %), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p=0.002; –9.81 %) and triglycerides (p=0.013; –7.6 %), and there was a significant improvement in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p=0.02; +9.65 %) along with nonsignificant reduction in TSH level (p=0.452; –9.72 %). Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed significant reduction in thyroxine medication score (p=0.029; –15.30 %) from.

Conclusion: 6 months practice of yoga may help in improving cholesterol level, serum TSH, may also help in reducing the thyroxine requirement in female patients suffering from hypothyroidism. However, further randomized controlled studies need to be conducted to confirm the present finding.