bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young women’s perceptions of cervical screening in the UK: a qualitative study
Authors: Taratula-Lyons Monique , Hill Marie C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To understand young women’s views of cervical screening, what obstacles they face, and what encourages them when considering attending their cervical screening.

Background:
Cervical screening figures have been steadily decreasing in the United Kingdom (UK). There is limited research on this trend, especially around views and knowledge of young women, aged 20–24 years, have before they are eligible for cervical screening.

Methods:
This qualitative study conducted 15 semi-structured Zoom in-depth interviews to discuss young women’s knowledge and perceptions of cervical screening in 2022. Participants were based in the UK. Thematic analysis was used to systematically manage, analyse, and identify themes including cervical screening knowledge; perceptions of cervical screening; barriers to cervical screening; and facilitators of cervical screening.

Findings:
The findings demonstrate significant gaps in knowledge and negative perceptions of cervical screening. Barriers to attending cervical screening were perceived pain and embarrassment. Facilitators suggested to promote attendance were ensuring access to appointments, creating pop-up clinics, and utilising incentives. The level of knowledge demonstrated by the participants, their negatively framed perceptions; and the vast number of barriers identified present substantial factors that could affect future attendance to cervical screening. Overall, action needs to be taken to prevent decreasing cervical screening attendance rates and eradicate any barriers women may experience.
Boosting Barlow Twins Reduced Order Modeling for Machine Learning‐Based Surrogate Models in Multiphase Flow Problems
Authors: Kadeethum T. , Silva V. L. S. , Salinas P. , Pain C. C. , Yoon H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present an innovative approach called boosting Barlow Twins reduced order modeling (BBT‐ROM) to enhance the reliability of machine learning surrogate models for multiphase flow problems. BBT‐ROM builds upon Barlow Twins reduced order modeling that leverages self‐supervised learning to effectively handle linear and nonlinear manifolds by constructing well‐structured latent spaces of input parameters and output quantities. To address the challenge of high contrast data in multiphase flow problems due to injection wells and faults, we employ a boosting algorithm within BBT‐ROM. This algorithm sequentially trains a set of weak models (i.e., inaccurate models), improving prediction accuracy through ensemble learning. To evaluate the performance of BBT‐ROM, we conduct three three‐dimensional multiphase flow problems, including waterflooding and geologic carbon storage (GCS), with varying numbers of input parameter cases and model domain features. The results demonstrate that BBT‐ROM excels at predicting non‐wetting phase saturation (e.g., oil or saturation) and fluid pressure, with average relative errors ranging from 0.5% to 3%. Importantly, BBT‐ROM showcases robustness when faced with limited input parameter space during GCS testing.
Ion Diffusive Transport Across the Separatrix Between the Low‐Latitude Mantle and the Plasma Sheet by Kinetic Alfvén Waves: MMS Observation
Authors: Wang Chih‐Ping , Johnson Jay R. , Xing Xiaoyan , Avanov Levon A. , Wei H. Y. , Ahmadi Narges 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo understand the entry of the cool low‐latitude mantle ions into the tail plasma sheet near the flanks under persistent interplanetary magnetic field By, we evaluate the role of the cross‐field diffusive transport by kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) by investigating two events observed by multiscale (MMS) spacecraft. Around the separatrix between the open and closed field‐line regions, a two‐component mixing of hot plasma sheet ions of a few keV with cool mantle ions of a few hundred eV was observed, indicating transport across the separatrix. The waves observed between 0.01 and 10 Hz around the separatrix had characteristics consistent with those of KAWs. The consistency allowed us to estimate the wave vectors as a function of frequency by fitting KAW dispersion to the observations. Using the observed wave powers, plasma moments, and the estimated wave vectors, we computed the cross‐field diffusion rates associated with KAWs. The diffusion rates were found to be comparable to or larger than the Bohm diffusion rates during the intervals when the two‐component mixing was observed, indicating that the KAW diffusive transport can play a role in the entry of low‐latitude mantle ions into the plasma sheet.
Epigenetic programming of obesity in early life through modulation of the kynurenine pathway
Authors: Gharipour Mojgan , Craig Jeffrey M. , Stephenson Garth 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChildhood obesity is a global health concern that has its origins before birth. Although genetics plays a crucial role, increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications during fetal life could also influence its incidence. In this model, during the fetal period, interactions between genetic makeup, intrauterine factors, and environmental conditions, increase the risk of childhood obesity. This is in accordance with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, in which specific intrauterine environments can have long-lasting effects on the immune system’s essential functions during crucial stages of fetal growth, resulting in permanent changes to the immune function of the offspring. Consequently, dysfunction can consequently make the offspring more prone to inflammatory and immune-related disorders later in life. In this review, we examine how maternal inflammation could influence the risk of childhood obesity. We propose that during pregnancy, modification of the expression of critical genes in metabolic and signaling pathways, such as the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway, occurs due to increased levels of maternal inflammation. We also propose that such expression differences are mediated by epigenetic changes. Furthermore, we also hypothesize that the Kyn pathway produces metabolites that have immunoregulatory effects and may play a crucial role in regulating inflammation during pregnancy. As a result, interventions aimed at improving maternal inflammation may be able to help alleviate the risk of childhood obesity.
4.8-μm CO-filled hollow-core silica fiber light source
Authors: Li Xuanxi , Yang Linyong , Zhou Zhiyue , Li Zhixian , Li Hao , Pei Wenxi , Huang Wei , Shi Jing , Lei Luohao , Wang Meng , Wang Zefeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMid-infrared (MIR) fiber lasers are important for a wide range of applications in sensing, spectroscopy, imaging, defense, and security. Some progress has been made in the research of MIR fiber lasers based on soft glass fibers, however, the emission range of rare-earth ions and the robustness of the host materials are still a major challenge for MIR fiber lasers. The large number of gases provide a variety of optical transitions in the MIR band. When combined with recent advances in low-loss hollow-core fiber (HCF), there is a great opportunity for gas-filled fiber lasers to further extend the radiation to the MIR region. Here, a 4.8-μm CO-filled silica-based HCF laser is reported for the first time. This is enabled by an in-house manufactured broadband low-loss HCF with a measured loss of 1.81 dB/m at 4.8 μm. A maximum MIR output power of 46 mW and a tuning range of 180 nm (from 4644 to 4824 nm) are obtained by using an advanced 2.33-μm narrow-linewidth fiber laser. This demonstration represents the longest-wavelength silica-based fiber laser to date, while the absorption loss of bulk silica at 4824 nm is up to 13, 000 dB/m. Further wavelength expansion could be achieved by changing the pump absorption line and optimizing the laser structure.
Nanomechanical thermometry for probing sub-nW thermal transport
Authors: Oh Sangmin , Shekhawat Nehpal Singh , Jameel Osama , Lal Amit , Lee Chung Hoon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccurate local temperature measurement at micro and nanoscales requires thermometry with high resolution because of ultra-low thermal transport. Among the various methods for measuring temperature, optical techniques have shown the most precise temperature detection, with resolutions reaching (~10−9 K). In this work, we present a nanomechanical device with nano-Kelvin resolution (~10−9 K) at room temperature and 1 atm. The device uses a 20 nm thick silicon nitride (SiN) membrane, forming an air chamber as the sensing area. The presented device has a temperature sensing area >1 mm2 for micro/nanoscale objects with reduced target placement constraints as the target can be placed anywhere on the >1 mm2 sensing area. The temperature resolution of the SiN membrane device is determined by deflection at the center of the membrane. The temperature resolution is inversely proportional to the membrane’s stiffness, as detailed through analysis and measurements of stiffness and noise equivalent temperature (NET) in the pre-stressed SiN membrane. The achievable heat flow resolution of the membrane device is 100 pW, making it suitable for examining thermal transport on micro and nanoscales.
Visual body size estimation in adolescent anorexia nervosa: Behavioural and neurophysiological data suggest intact visual perception and biased emotional attention
Authors: Romero Frausto Hugo , Rahder Isabel , Dalhoff Anke W. , Roesmann Kati , Romer Georg , Junghöfer Markus , Wessing Ida 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBody image disturbance is a key symptom of anorexia nervosa (AN). AN patients report body dissatisfaction and overestimate their own body size in several tasks. This study aimed to clarify whether this overestimation arises from deficits in visual perception. To this end, 36 adolescent restrictive-type AN patients and 42 matched healthy controls performed metric and depictive body size estimation (BSE) tasks. Magneto- and electroencephalography were measured during the size estimation of 66 computer-generated body pictures varying in size from underweight to overweight. AN patients versus controls showed overestimation across self-referential metric and depictive BSE tasks, but similar performance in a depictive BSE task without self-reference and similar early neurophysiological responses. Starting mid-latency (200 ms), AN patients showed relatively more neural activity in response to underweight body pictures and less neural activity in response to higher-weight body pictures in distributed brain regions. A secondary comparison of AN patients with slight vs. distinct overestimation during self-referential BSE uncovered relatively stronger neural responses to body pictures corresponding to the estimated body mass index. These results suggest that body image disturbances in adolescent restrictive-type AN patients depend on self-reference and do not represent a deficit of visual perception, but rather biased emotional attention.
Myeloid Mir34a suppresses colitis-associated colon cancer: characterization of mediators by single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: König Janine , Rokavec Matjaz , Öner-Ziegler Meryem Gülfem , Fei Ye , Hermeking Heiko 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We have previously shown that general deletion of the gene encoding the p53-inducible Mir34a microRNA enhances the number and invasion of colitis-associated colorectal cancers (CACs) in mice. Since the p53-pathway has been implicated in tumor-suppression mediated by cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) we deleted Mir34a in myeloid cells and characterized CACs in these with scRNA-Seq (single cell RNA sequencing). This revealed an increase in specific macrophage subtypes, such as Cdk8
+ macrophages and Mrc1
+, M2-like macrophages. The latter displayed elevated expression of 21 known Mir34a target mRNAs, including Csf1r, Axl, Foxp1, Ccr1, Nampt, and Tgfbr2, and 32 predicted Mir34a target mRNAs. Furthermore, Mir34a-deficient BMDMs showed enhanced migration, elevated expression of Csf1r and a shift towards M2-like polarization when compared to Mir34a-proficient BMDMs. Concomitant deletion of Csf1r or treatment with a Csf1r inhibitor reduced the CAC burden and invasion in these mice. Notably, loss of myeloid Mir34a function resulted in a prominent, inflammatory CAC cell subtype, which displayed epithelial and macrophage markers. These cells displayed high levels of the EMT transcription factor Zeb2 and may therefore enhance the invasiveness of CACs. Taken together, our results provide in vivo evidence for a tumor suppressive role of myeloid Mir34a in CACs which is, at least in part, mediated by maintaining macrophages in an M1-like state via repression of Mir34a targets, such as Csf1r. Collectively, these findings may serve to identify new therapeutic targets and approaches for treatment of CAC.
Sirtuin 1 regulates the phenotype and functions of dendritic cells through Ido1 pathway in obesity
Authors: de Lima Jean , Leite Jefferson Antônio , Basso Paulo José , Ghirotto Bruno , Martins da Silva Eloisa , Menezes-Silva Luisa , Hiyane Meire Ioshie , Goes Carolina Purcell , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , de Andrade Oliveira Vinicius , Olsen Saraiva Câmara Niels 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a class III histone deacetylase (HDAC3) that plays a crucial role in regulating the activation and differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs) as well as controlling the polarization and activation of T cells. Obesity, a chronic inflammatory condition, is characterized by the activation of immune cells in various tissues. We hypothesized that SIRT1 might influence the phenotype and functions of DCs through the Ido1 pathway, ultimately leading to the polarization towards pro-inflammatory T cells in obesity. In our study, we observed that SIRT1 activity was reduced in bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) from obese animals. These BMDCs exhibited elevated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and increased extracellular acidification rates (ECAR), along with enhanced expression of class II MHC, CD86, and CD40, and elevated secretion of IL-12p40, while the production of TGF-β was reduced. The kynurenine pathway activity was decreased in BMDCs from obese animals, particularly under SIRT1 inhibition. SIRT1 positively regulated the expression of Ido1 in DCs in a PPARγ-dependent manner. To support these findings, ATAC-seq analysis revealed that BMDCs from obese mice had differentially regulated open chromatin regions compared to those from lean mice, with reduced chromatin accessibility at the Sirt1 genomic locus in BMDCs from obese WT mice. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that BMDCs from obese animals had disrupted metabolic pathways, including those related to GTPase activity and insulin response. Differential expression analysis showed reduced levels of Pparg and Sirt1 in BMDCs from obese mice, which was challenged and confirmed using BMDCs from mice with conditional knockout of Sirt1 in dendritic cells (SIRT1∆). This study highlights that SIRT1 controls the metabolism and functions of DCs through modulation of the kynurenine pathway, with significant implications for obesity-related inflammation.
NINJ1 regulates ferroptosis via xCT antiporter interaction and CoA modulation
Authors: Chen Ssu-Yu , Wu Jianli , Chen Yubin , Wang Ya-En , Setayeshpour Yasaman , Federico Chiara , Mestre Alexander A. , Lin Chao-Chieh , Chi Jen-Tsan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNinjurin-1 (NINJ1), initially identified as a stress-induced protein in neurons, recently emerged as a key mediator of plasma membrane rupture (PMR) during apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis. However, its involvement in ferroptosis is less well elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that NINJ1 also plays a crucial role in ferroptosis, but through a distinct mechanism. NINJ1 knockdown significantly protected cancer cells against ferroptosis induced only by xCT inhibitors but no other classes of ferroptosis-inducing compounds (FINs). Glycine, known to inhibit canonical NINJ1-mediated membrane rupture in other cell deaths, had no impact on ferroptosis. A compound screen revealed that the ferroptosis protective effect caused by NINJ1 knockdown can be abolished by pantothenate kinase inhibitor (PANKi), buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), and diethylmaleate (DEM). These results suggest that this ferroptosis protection is mediated via Coenzyme A (CoA) and glutathione (GSH), both of which were found to be elevated upon NINJ1 knockdown. Furthermore, we discovered that NINJ1 interacts with the xCT antiporter, which is responsible for cystine uptake for the biosynthesis of CoA and GSH. The removal of NINJ1 increased xCT levels and stability, enhancing cystine uptake and thereby providing protection against ferroptosis. Conversely, NINJ1 overexpression reduced xCT levels and sensitized ferroptosis. These findings reveal that NINJ1 regulates ferroptosis via a non-canonical mechanism, distinct from other regulated cell deaths.
NLRP10 maintains epidermal homeostasis by promoting keratinocyte survival and P63-dependent differentiation and barrier function
Authors: Cho Yeonhee , Cao Zhongzheng , Luo Xin , Tian Jennifer J. , Hukkanen Renee R. , Hussien Rajaa , Cancilla Belinda , Chowdhury Priyanka , Li Fei , Ma Shining , LaGory Edward L. , Schroeder Mark , Dusenberry Amanda , Marshall Leslie , Hawkins Jenn , van Lookeren Campagne Menno , Zhou Yi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by disrupted epidermal barrier function and aberrant immune responses. Despite recent developments in new therapeutics for AD, there is still a large unmet medical need for disease management due to the complex and multifactorial nature of AD. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified NLRP10 as a susceptible gene for AD but the physiological role of NLRP10 in skin homeostasis and AD remains unknown. Here we show that NLRP10 is downregulated in AD skin samples. Using an air-lift human skin equivalent culture, we demonstrate that NLRP10 promotes keratinocyte survival and is required for epidermal differentiation and barrier function. Mechanistically, NLRP10 limits cell death by preventing the recruitment of caspase-8 to the death inducing signaling complex (DISC) and by inhibiting its subsequent activation. NLRP10 also stabilizes p63, the master regulator of keratinocyte differentiation, to drive proper keratinocyte differentiation and to reinforce the barrier function. Our findings underscore NLRP10 as a key player in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis, highlighting NLRP10 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention to restore skin barrier function and homeostasis in AD.
Diverse weaning foods and diet patterns at multiple time points during infancy period and their association with neurodevelopmental outcomes in 6-year-old children
Authors: Kim Ju Hee , Ha Eun Kyo , Lee Gi Chun , Han Boeun , Shin Jeewon , Han Man Yong , Rhie Seonkyeong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives
Understanding the impact of early-life nutritional choices on neurodevelopment in children is a growing area of research. To investigate the association between dietary patterns at multiple timelines and neurodevelopmental outcomes in 6-year-old children.

Subjects/Methods
This administrative observational study utilized a merged data from the national health insurance database and the health screening program for children. Information on the diet patterns from infancy to 3 years of age was obtained from parent-administered questionnaires. Dietary pattern clusters of the participants were identified using Polytomous Latent Class Analysis. The outcome was neurodevelopment using the Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST) at the age of 6 years.

Results
The study identified four distinct clusters among with the 133,243 eligible children (49.6% male, birth weight 3.22 kg, head circumference 42.7 cm at 4 months). The control cluster (53.4%) exhibited a diet including breast milk feeding and a variety of dietary patterns at the age of 1 year. In contrast, cluster 1 (36.0%) showed a skewed dietary pattern at the same age. Cluster 2 (6.6%) displayed diverse dietary patterns at one year but primarily consumed formula at four months, while cluster 3 (4.0%) had reduced dietary diversity and formula feeding. Compared with the control cluster, the adjusted odds ratio for unfavorable development was 1.209 (95% CI, 1.156–1.266) in cluster 1, 1.418 (95% CI, 1.312–1.532) in cluster 2, and 1.741 (95% CI, 1.593–1.903) in cluster 3. These findings remained consistent across individual domains of the K-DST.

Conclusions
Dietary patterns during infancy and early childhood may be associated with neurodevelopment at the age of 6 years.
The integrated molecular and histological analysis defines subtypes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Guozhong , Wang Zhizhong , Cheng Zhenguo , Wang Weiwei , Lu Shuangshuang , Zhang Zifang , Anene Chinedu A. , Khan Faraz , Chen Yue , Bailey Emma , Xu Huisha , Dong Yunshu , Chen Peinan , Zhang Zhongxian , Gao Dongling , Wang Zhimin , Miao Jinxin , Xue Xia , Wang Pengju , Zhang Lirong , Gangeswaran Rathi , Liu Peng , Chard Dunmall Louisa S. , Li Junkuo , Guo Yongjun , Dong Jianzeng , Lemoine Nicholas R. , Li Wencai , Wang Jun , Wang Yaohe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is highly heterogeneous. Our understanding of full molecular and immune landscape of ESCC remains limited, hindering the development of personalised therapeutic strategies. To address this, we perform genomic-transcriptomic characterizations and AI-aided histopathological image analysis of 120 Chinese ESCC patients. Here we show that ESCC can be categorized into differentiated, metabolic, immunogenic and stemness subtypes based on bulk and single-cell RNA-seq, each exhibiting specific molecular and histopathological features based on an amalgamated deep-learning model. The stemness subgroup with signature genes, such as WFDC2, SFRP1, LGR6 and VWA2, has the poorest prognosis and is associated with downregulated immune activities, a high frequency of EP300 mutation/activation, functional mutation enrichment in Wnt signalling and the highest level of intratumoural heterogeneity. The immune profiling by transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry reveals ESCC cells overexpress natural killer cell markers XCL1 and CD160 as immune evasion. Strikingly, XCL1 expression also affects the sensitivity of ESCC cells to common chemotherapy drugs. This study opens avenues for ESCC treatment and provides a valuable public resource to better understand ESCC.