bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model pelayanan air bersih perdesaan
Authors: Dorojati Rini , Astuti Nuraini Dwi , Hartono Hartono 
Published: November 2016

Low coverage of clean water in Indonesia leads to minimum consumption of clean water with proper health requirement. Increasement of clean water coverage is undergoing an effort from independent community in society. This research aims to find a service model of clean water for group based rural communities. Type of this research is descriptive qualitative, with research object is clean water independent provider group, Oyo Wening Santosa community, in a village called Bunder, district of Patuk, Gunung Kidul. Data was gathered by document utilization, parsitipatory observation, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion. Data was analyzed with qualitative method. This research shows that clean water coverage organized by communiy Oyo Wening is a model of sinergy for organization that was established by concern from society and government support, emerge in a program called “Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum Ibu Kota Kecamatan” (SPAM IKK). There are 1170 households channel subscribers spread across four villages. The service procedures are applied based on local conditions. This service has some drawbacks, namely the limited knowledge of the officer, the legality of which is not owned by the organization, facilities and infrastructure, and the relatively low tarrif, Rp 3,500 per m3. In conclusion, rural water services with the model applied in Oyo Wening Sentosa showed a changing trend in people's access to clean water and the local economy has increased. The legality of the business management of water services should become a priority for the stakeholders to ensure the realization of excellent service in providing clean water.
Strategi pengembangan pariwisata daerah dan pemberdayaan masyarakat di Parigi Moutong
Authors: Soedarso Soedarso , Sutikno Sutikno , Sukardi Sukardi 
Published: November 2016

Community empowerment program in Parigi Moutong district has not been effectively operated, that greater effort to evaluate and develop the previously implemented program is needed. This research uses purposive sampling method, i.e. the chosen sample method. The study result finds that the cause of the community empowerment program that has been done is still not effective because the process of the determining program is lacking of public participation. As a result, it creates a new helplessness, i.e. the dependence of communities on the program with direct assistance. On the other hand, the regional tourism development program has a good prospect and able to synergized with a more participative community empowerment program that. The beauty of Parigi Moutong natural landscape and its possesion of various natural resources is a great potential to create a tourism destination, and enhancing society's welfare around the area.
An Engineered Approach to Acid Stimulation Strategies for Wells in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: McDuff D. , Claiborne E. , Zielinski M. , Melear D. , Helou H. , Alvarado O. , Hussien A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Chevron Iraq Limited carried out a drill-stem test (DST) campaign in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq starting in year 2014. Several reservoirs with varying characteristics were targeted.
The designs of the executed stimulation treatments were based on reservoir and fluid information acquired during the drilling phase. The complex carbonate formations presented uncertainties in terms of the formation fluids, lithology, and the type and severity of formation damage that may have been present. This was a challenge toward stimulation fluids design and treatment placement. With the objective of optimizing stimulation treatments in the tested intervals, stimulation design best practices were applied and a three different stimulation methods were utilized including a hybrid matrix acidizing / acid fracturing approach.
In order to design the treatments, open hole logs, drilling fluids damage from mud losses, fluids compatibility, fracture pressures, placement rates, and other well conditions were considered. The bottom-hole pressure recording and the production results measured through the DST operations enabled an in-depth evaluation of the acid response as the campaign progressed and provided valuable data for optimization of the stimulation strategy from one treatment to the next.
This paper explains the stimulation fluids selection, quality assurance, fluids placement design, the three differing stimulation strategies applied and rationale for applying them, operational execution, and evaluation of the results in addition to the lessons learned for the way forward. This will be of interest and may be beneficial to those with similar projects involving complex carbonate reservoirs in northern Iraq and other areas of the world.
ESP Suffers Erosion Due to Sand Production in a Mature Onshore Oil Field
Authors: Boudi Adnan A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the findings of Electrical Submersible Pump (ESPs) failure investigations of sand erosion occurring in sandy wells. The study comprises a review of reasons for sand production through well streams penetrating through the ESP internals. Remedial measures to minimize or eliminate the sand attack to the ESPs are discussed.
Recommended Solutions for ESP Installed in Very High Salinity Reservoirs and Severe Corrosive Media
Authors: Brahmi Hichem 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
An experience of ESP issues troubleshooting to overcome high corrosion media of GSA wells is presented. Likewise, actions taken to extend run life of pumps are explained. GSA is the unique company in Algeria adopted ESP system including all services, there was no chance to share experience with other entities in Country. Thus, it became necessary to try all available approaches during a journey of 10 years to mitigate ESP failures and eventually production downtime.
To overcome high salinity of &gt;320 g/l, several actions were introduced in either ways, ESP equipment or well completion. Simple motors and protectors changed to tandem to prevent water penetration inside motor. Power cable was changed from Galvanized to Monel Armor for high corrosiveness. Completion wise, one or double 1/2" water dilution lines were adopted, run along tubing, connected to tail pipe which run to perforations. Modification in completion metallurgy took place also, when Carbon steel replaced by Super 13Cr instead. Supplementary actions taken at surface, pressure switch was connected with VSD to smoothly shutdown ESP for unforeseen SCSSV closures.
The adopted actions yielded considerable positive results. ESP failures originated from water penetration inside motor was reduced to 20%. Whereas, salt deposition blocs were almost prevented and resulted decrement in bullheading and coiled tubing interventions by 85%, except for some wells when salt bloc build-up is occasionally quicker and more important than water dilution rate. Running 1/2" injection line along with tail pipe led to less ESP shutdowns frequency. Changing the power cable type gave roughly good results as well. Once running Monel Armor, number of power cable failure related decreased and consequently contributed in reduction of whole failures. Saying that because power cable failure related represented 70% of ESP failures in 2015. Considering Super 13Cr instead of Carbon steel tubing gave positive indications and reduced sharply tubing integrity failure related. The problem still exists, however, with very low frequency. For surface equipment, all unforeseen SCSSV closure, actuated from control panel is always accompanied with gradual decrement of frequency and consequently smoother ESP shutdown.
As our organisation is the truly company that uses ESP with a proper sense in Algeria, This paper presents some best practices to be considered for other companies and ESP contractors based in the country or abroad that intend to both install ESP system in very high salinity and corrosive fields and adopt lease model for downhole Equipment.
1st Slim Line ESP Deployment in Side Track Slim 5 Inch Casing in Middle East
Authors: Abou-Houzifa Ossama Ahmed , Ismail Ahmed Abdalah 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
When we think optimization, technology does matter! To regain closed well and producing recoverable oil from the remaining reserve in the well, a re-entry approach is the solution. 5inch casing with nominal Drift ID 4.283inch and deviation of 30° provides limitation for the artificial lift techniques which shall fit the application and to be run, Real challenge is to apply ESP for such case
Applying technology innovative solution of 3.19inch ESP as the first slim line ESP in Middle East resolved the challenge
Complete ESP string first time installed in Egypt, consists of 3.19" (Motor, Protector, Advanced Gas Handler and Pumps) with flat power cable in the deviated 5" casing successfully run in hole with no operational difficulties and achieved target production
This method proves technical and economic benefits in comparison with drilling of new wells due to lower costs for drilling and ability of using the existing communication, collection and transportation system of oil and gas in the field. Also the contingency for losing the well while drilling when the drilling string get stacked, a side track will be the solution but due to the Diameter of side track wells do not allow operation of ESP systems with conventional diameter,
Currently we have this facility thanks to the new slim line ESP system introduced to the market for several series 3.19inch - 2.72inch and 2.17inch series
Deployment of a Multiphase Progressive Cavity Pump Coupled with a Submersible Permanent Magnet Motor
Authors: Al Ajeel Fatemah Abdullah , Bafakyh Ahamed Shabeel , Lehman Matthieu , Delaville Michel 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The combination of two breakthrough patented technologies, namely the Hydraulically Regulated PCP (HRPCP) for High GOR Wells associated with the Permanent Magnet Motor (PMM) technology used as an electrical submersible PCP had been successfully deployed in Middle East.
Combining the highest motor efficiency of the Permanent Magnet Motors with the most efficient ALS PCP, is virtually the most efficient existing ALS on the market to-date opening doors for larger scale deployment to improve recovery factor while lowering abandonment pressure and reducing premature failures.
The pilot has been installed in a highly deviated well deploying a submersible PMM coupled with a multiphase PCP featuring Hydraulic Regulators to handle high free gas at the pump intake. The absence of rods allows operating a PCP through high DLS while eliminating the rod drags against the tubing. Being a technology derived from PCP, the HRPCP enables to handle sand, solids and viscous oil as any other PCP, bringing in a single ALS the benefits of the ESP and PCP. Furthermore, the compact PMM allows going safely through high DLS and makes the submersible Permanent Magnet Motor PCP one of the highest efficient artificial lift system in terms of energy consumption.
This article highlights the technology features, the related benefits observed and the performance recorded on a heavy oil field in Middle East in cold production.
Prediction of Bubble Point Pressure Using Artificial Intelligence AI Techniques
Authors: Alakbari Fahd S. , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Baarimah Salem O. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIt is very important to determine or predict the bubble point pressure (BPP) with high accuracy in petroleum industry. Laboratory measurement of the BPP requires collecting actual samples from the bottom of the wellbore and simulates the reservoir conditions at the lab. This operation takes long time and high cost. To overcome this issue, many empirical correlations were developed to predict the BPP with wide range of average percent error.In this research, we will use artificial intelligent (AI) techniques to predict the bubble point pressure using published data (760 data sets). Two different AI techniques will be used, artificial neural network (ANN) (back propagation network (BPN) and radial basis functions networks (RBF)), and fuzzy logic tool (FL) to develop the model. The obtained results will be compared with the available correlations in the literature.The results obtained showed that all AI models were able to predict the bubble point pressure with a high accuracy. The new fuzzy logic (FL) model outperforms all the artificial neural network models and the most common published empirical correlations. BPN, RBF and FL models provide predictions of bubble point pressure with correlation coefficient of 0.9926, 0.9969, and 0.9995, respectively.
Foam Assist in a Gas-Lifted Oil Well
Authors: Farag A.. , Robertson T.. , Kerem M.. , Montero J.. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Continuous Foam Injection is a proven deliquification technique in gas wells, but the technology typically struggles to perform in wells with high fractions of liquid hydrocarbons. For gas lifted oil wells operating at high water cuts however, continuous downhole foam injection may prove feasible to enhance production. A field trial to test this theory was successfully executed within an oil producing facility in The Netherlands. The objective of this trial was twofold: First, to observe the changes in production owing to downhole injection of a foaming agent while keeping the lift gas rate constant. Second, to perform a lift gas utilization test to identify potential lift gas savings with the assistance of foam. Furthermore, strict specifications on the export crude and produced water had to be achieved. The trial showed successful results. The well had a fast response to the addition of foam whereby initial sluggish production stabilized. This has overcome the flow instability related production deferment, which was significant. Further increases in the foam injection rate to reach the optimum foam concentration helped the well to produce up to 20% more gross liquid than the measured and calculated stable rates. The trial has revealed that with the application of foam, lift gas savings of 35% were feasible and more could be achieved depending on the desired gross liquid production. No process facility upsets were experienced during the trial.
This paper describes the detailed aspects of the trial, including the preparation, execution, and modelling techniques which will benefit and add to the current body of knowledge of foam lift to the petroleum industry.
Reviving the Production of a Dead Well by testing it with Hydraulic Jet Pump
Authors: Kalwar S. A. , Farouque K.. , Awan A. B. , Louis C. S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhen the natural energy of a reservoir is not adequate to lift the wellbore fluid to the surface, it is necessary to use an artificial lift system that supplies the additional energy required to continue the exploitation of reservoirs.This paper presents a trial jet pump application in the dead well of a mature oil field. The well was completed with dual strings of size 2-3/8 in. in a 7 in. casing and was producing from two separate formations. Both formations, despite of having produced for a considerable amount of time, have high reservoir pressures at present. The upper formation being produced independently via short string was loaded up for almost three years, because the API and Gas Oil Ratio (GOR) from the formation were very low along with high water cut. The lower formation had a substantial amount of gas with no water cut and was producing at significant oil rates. However, the formation being produced through the long string did not flow after shutting in for a Bottom Hole Pressure (BHP) survey. The well was unloaded by reducing surface back pressure, but it exhibited slugging behavior and an increased oil API and therefore was abandoned.The test with hydraulic jet pump was justified by the need to revive production without a work-over. Thus, a jet pump was installed in the short string in a Sliding Side Door (SSD), and the short string was tested first with the long string being isolated. After the testing of short string independently, an SSD connected to the long string in the middle of two packers, was opened so that both formations can be produced from the same short string.Based on the results, a dead well was successfully revitalized with the cumulative production of 380 BPD i.e., an average of 100 BOPD and 280 BWPD, which was higher than the targeted production rates evaluated for this well. Apart from this, downhole pressure data was gathered with the objectives to observe the potential of reservoir and to assist the operator for making the decision of installing jet pump on the well with or without a worker-over. Nevertheless, this technique allowed the operator to install jet pump through slick-line and consequently saved the cost of a work-over. Hence, jet pump was found to be the most efficient Artificial Lift System (ALS) and the trial achieved more than the expected performance.
Production Optimizaton and Application of Combined Artificial-Lift Systems in Deep Oil Wells
Authors: Zhao Ruidong , Zhang Xin , Liu Meng , Shi Junfeng , Su Lei , Shan Hongyu , Sun Chengyan , Miao Guojing , Wang Yuntao , Shi Liang , Zhang Mingming 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
For deep wells, the limitation and inefficiency of single artificial lifting method appears with increasing depth. Under some conditions, conventional single lifting method is difficult to satisfy the production requirements. Combined artificial-lift system integrates the features of two lifting techniques, and displays the advantages of both to resolve the issues which are impossible to handle with single lifting method.
In the view of lifting process principle and string structure, there are several ways to configure combined artificial-lift system. However, the design of combined consecutive lift is more complex than that of conventional single pump system. Because not only does it involve the distribution of pressure, temperature and viscosity of multiphase flowing in wellbore, but also includes intercoordination between these two pumps and respective working conditions.
In this paper, the design approach of combined lift method is established based on nodal analysis, with which intercoordination of both pumps drainage, dynamic adjustment of comprehensive parameters and setting depth interval optimization could be analyzed. All of these issues have never been considered and studied under the condition of single pump system. In Xinjiang oil field, combined lift method of sucker rod pump and injection pump has been successfully applied in wells where thin oil is doped into heavy oil to decrease the viscosity. It is shown that combined-type consecutive lifting method is feasible in field test.
New Artificial Lift Technology Changes the Game for Completion Design
Authors: Alsiemat M.. , Gambier P.. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Completion and artificial lift most commonly designed by skilled and specialized engineers in there domain and misunderstand the need from each other's. This is even more accurate when it comes to the understanding of other domain such as production, reservoir, and workover. When it comes to Rig-less deployed ESP, the need to work hand in hand between the different core expertise is more accurate as the wrong design of the well could result in catastrophic implementation. Perfect completion design is most likely not achievable, and well design can always be improved, nonetheless, will proper planning and understanding of the limitations of this new ESP operations, the overall well efficiency can be greatly improved. Among the finding of this paper, the barrier philosophy and bullheading preparations should be carefully reviewed and implemented for any Rig-less deployed ESP. Ultimately, the objective of such technology is to bring increased value to the well.
Electric Submersible Progressing Cavity Pump Driven by Low-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Cui Junguo , Xiao Wensheng , Zhang Xinjie , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Peng , Chen Peng , Huang Hongsheng , Wu Xiaodong 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Today the number of highly-deviated and horizontal wells, viscous and heavy oil wells, sandy and waxy oil wells are increasing. Electric submersible progressing cavity pump (ESPCP) is a good measure for the new situations.
Conventional asynchronous induction motors are currently used most commonly to drive ESPCPs. For energy-efficient and shortening the conventional ESPCP system, a new system – ESPCP directly driven by low-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) – is developed. Compared with the conventional ESPCP system, there is no planetary gear reducer in the new system. To obtain low speed, PMSM with a 36-slot stator and a rotor built with 12 tiles of magnet adopts variable frequency drive. The rated speed of PMSM is 150rpm and the rated output torque is 611Nm.
A pipeline system simulating oil production is built and the load test is carried out, which is under different pressure and flow. The motor runs smoothly during testing and both the torque ripple and speed ripple are small. Test results show that the average efficiency of PMSM is about 70% and the power factor is near to 1. The temperature rise of PMSM is low because of lower specific heat release. The PMSM also has wider ranges of rotation frequency regulation. Now the new system is still being tested in factory and the filed test will be carried out in the near future.
The new system can pass the kick-off section of horizontal wells or deviated wells more easily, and will be a new energy-saving and cost-reducing means of oil production.
Time‐Lapse Electrical Imaging of Water Infiltration in the Context of Soil Aquifer Treatment
Authors: Haaken Klaus , Furman Alex , Weisbrod Noam , Kemna Andreas 
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas
We investigated geoelectrical monitoring of water infiltration within soil aquifer treatment.
Time‐lapse ERT is able to track water infiltration under very high recurrent fluxes.
Individual apparent resistivity captures temporal dynamics of water infiltration.
Spatiotemporal ERT monitoring results used for hydraulic subsurface zonation.
In this study, we investigated the ability of online geoelectrical monitoring to characterize water dynamics in the context of soil aquifer treatment (SAT). In spring 2014, we conducted several infiltration experiments at the Shafdan SAT facility in Israel, where treated wastewater is recurrently infiltrated through large ponds into the sandy coastal plain aquifer. Temporally dense electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements were collected to investigate vadose zone flow processes and the influence of heterogeneous sedimentation on the infiltration pattern. Measurements of water content as well as cross‐hole ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) profiles and lithological analyses from boreholes were used to support the ERT results. The observed electrical responses reflect the high temporal dynamics in subsurface water content associated with the applied infiltration–drying cycles. Individual apparent resistivity monitoring data captured general temporal dynamics, providing an easy and cost‐effective means for infiltration monitoring. Time‐lapse ERT results reveal different temporal dynamics in regions of the subsurface as a result of spatially varying hydraulic properties. We propose to use, based on a simple quantitative parametric description, the imaged temporal behavior of electrical conductivity to discriminate zones with different hydraulic properties, which represents a new approach for aquifer zonation based on the observed process dynamics. Our results demonstrate that time‐lapse ERT is a powerful tool for the monitoring of SAT water infiltration with high spatiotemporal resolution. The provided information may be used for assessing and optimizing applied infiltration–drying cycles and, thus, for more effective SAT management.