bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary health problems in rural school children in Lebanon
Authors: Helou Mariana C. , Adib Salim M. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Primary health problems among school children are rarely disaggregated between urban and rural areas. This report describes findings in children examined during school health visits in a rural region in South Lebanon. Methods: Medical visits were carried out in four public schools in the Qana region, district of Sour, between December 2007 and May 2008. Results: A total number of 887 students were examined. Age varied between 4 and 16 years old. The majority (78%) had a normal weight for their age. Around 7.1 % of males and 3.5 % of females were considered obese for their age. The most frequent abnormality found was dental caries (59%). In addition, 14% of students had cerumen earplugs, and 3.6% had untreated defective visual acuity. Cases of pediculosis (n=62) were found in just one school, indicating a local outbreak of limited scope. Conclusions: There were only minor differences between health problems in this rural area and those measured in an urban area 10 years earlier. Dental problems continued to be predominant. In future campaigns, health education sessions should be conducted about personal hygiene and adequate nutrition with students, teachers and/or parents, in parallel to conducting the medical visits.
A community based cross sectional study to assess the drinking water handling and management practices, sanitary practices at the household level in Sullia taluk, Karnataka
Authors: Kaniambady Sharanya , Vasu Dinesh Peraje , G Sandhya , Kulkarni Annarao Gunderao 
Published: April 2017

Background: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) - 7 aimed to reduce by half the proportion of population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015. Without access to clean water and basic toilets, and without good hygiene practices, a child’s survival, growth and development are at risk. This study was conducted to assess the drinking water management and handling practices at household level of Sullia Taluk of Karnataka which would give an insight into drinking water management and handling practices in this area. Also the present study is planned to determine the sanitary practices in the households of Sullia Taluk. Methods: 260 houses were sampled using a probability proportionate to sampling size . A cross sectional study was done using a semistructured questionnaire to assess water handling, water management and sanitary practices. Free chlorine in the water was assessed by O- Toluidine. Results: Main source of drinking water was protected dug well in 31.5% and 75.3% did not have any alternate source of drinking water. 92% of those who stored water in overhead tanks and sumps did not clean them within seven days. 14% of the households did not use any of the water treatment methods before drinking. There was no free chlorine in the water of any of the households . 4% did not wash their hands with soap post-defecation. 28% of the households threw their waste indiscriminately around their house. 92% had cattle in close proximity to their house. None of the households practiced open field defecation. Conclusions: Health education is very important to prevent the incidences of water and sanitation related diseases. Emphasis needs to be given to behavioural change communication to create awareness among the households regarding the importance of water and sanitation practices.
Knowledge, attitude and practices about tetanus toxoid immunisation amongst general population of an urban semi-slum area: a cross-sectional interview-based study from Western India
Authors: Patel Pruthvi H. , Malgaonkar Aniruddha A. , Kartikeyan S. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Members of the public are frequently unaware of tetanus immunisation schedules and its importance in preventing tetanus. This community-based, cross-sectional, complete enumeration, interview-based study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices about tetanus toxoid immunisation amongst the general population in an urban semi-slum area located about 30 kms from Mumbai city in Western India.Methods: Respondents comprised adult residents of either sex, who gave written informed consent to participate in the study. After obtaining approvals, the study was explained during routine home visits and the respondents were interviewed at a time convenient to them. A direct face-to-face interview was conducted using a semi-structured proforma and their responses were recorded and statistically analysed.Results: Of the 161 participants (90 males; 71 females), 16.15% were illiterates. 95.65% thought that a single tetanus toxoid injection was adequate to prevent tetanus while none knew that pregnant women are immunised to protect newborns against tetanus. 67.08% were unaware about the need for maintaining cold chain for storage of tetanus toxoid. 96.89% had received only one injection of tetanus toxoid, irrespective of the type of injury or previous immunisation status. The belief that an adult requires tetanus toxoid after every injury exhibited education-wise significant difference (p=0.02).Conclusion: Sustained and focussed health education efforts are necessary to combat misconceptions regarding tetanus toxoid immunisation.
Junk food, might be one of the major reasons of your depression.
Authors: Hassan Syed Zawahir , Yaqub Muhammad Danial , Awan Mahlail Ahmed , Jawed Osama 
Published: April 2017

The study found out that individuals with higher intakes of trans fats experienced “difficulties with emotional awareness,” and a lower level of emotional “clarity”. While the people who had lower transfats were better able to control their emotions. Consumption of a diet that contains more transfats increases the cholesterol level in blood which in turn can cause heart attack, strokes and even depression
Evaluation of efficacy of a nanoparticle based vitamin D formulation in correction of vitamin D levels in patients with documented deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D
Authors: Manek Kishore A. 
Published: April 2017

<p><strong>Background:</strong> In India more than 90% of apparently healthy Indians have subnormal 25(OH) D levels. To maintain sufficient vitamin D level, apart from sunlight and food containing vitamin D, supplementation with vitamin D is also required. The objective of this study was to find out effectiveness of nanoparticle based vitamin D formulations in patient of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective, open label, single arm, non-comparative, dose response post-marketing efficacy study (PMS) – phase-4 study to find the effectiveness of a nanoparticle based vitamin D formulation in adult patients between 18 to 65 years of either gender, attending/visiting the study site with documented deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D (&lt;30 ng/ml) or sign and symptoms of deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D. Each subject planned to receive 60,000 IU of nanoparticle based vitamin D, once weekly, for 8 weeks orally. Serum 25(OH) D levels were measured at baseline, 4 and 8 week.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean baseline serum 25[OH] D levels were 15.90. After treatment with nanoparticle based vitamin D there was a significant increase in the serum vitamin D levels at 4 weeks (41.03) and 8 weeks (31.38) (p&lt;0.0001). Patients who have received treatment for at least 4 weeks’ period (n=38), the improvement (serum 25[OH] D &gt;30 ng/ml) was seen in 84.2% patients (n=32) at the end of 4 weeks itself. There is significant increased (&lt;0.0001) in the physical component scores of the SF-12 QOL questionnaire after 8 weeks of therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Nanoparticle based formulation of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> is effective and safe in correction of vitamin D levels in patients with documented deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D. Also the safety and tolerability is well accepted and reported good to excellent by patients and physician.</p><p> </p>
Risk factors for septic arthritis of hip in neonates and infants
Authors: Chaudhari Nitin , Gajjar Sharvil , Menon Hari , Patel Yatin 
Published: April 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Suppurative arthritis of hip is pyogenic inflammation of synovial membrane of the hip, usually due to bacterial infection. The main aim of early diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis of hip is to prevent damage to articular cartilage and growth plate, give stable and painless hip and to resume normal development and prevent sequelae.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Pro</span><span lang="EN-IN">spective interventional study consisted of 34 patients with 36 Hips septic arthritis of hip less than one year of age carried out at Department of Orthopedics of a tertiary care centre during August 2011 to December 2013. Risk factors and related laboratory investigations were carried out. Data entry and analysis was done by MS Excel 3.0</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">In our study more than 70% patients presented after one week. Left sided hip involvement (59%) was more common followed by right hip (35%). Sex ratio of the study population was M: F-4:6. NICU admission was present in 94% cases. In many of our patients there were more than one risk factors like septicemia, low birth weight, jaundice and ventilator support. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">All NICU neonates should be handled with strict aseptic precaution.</span></p>
A prospective study of surgical management of distal tibial fractures treated with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis using locking compression plate
Authors: J. Raghu Kumar , H. Manjappa D. 
Published: April 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Distal tibial fractures are unique and represent a significant challenge in their management. Factors affecting the outcome include location of fractures, proximity to ankle joint, less soft tissue coverage, comminution, unstable and compound fractures, method of treatment and quality of reduction. Distal tibial fractures traditionally were treated with different modalities, LCP with MIPPO (minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis) being one of the recent advances.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Clinical, prospective observational study was conducted at J.J.M. Medical College, Davangere between October 2014 to September 2016. 21 patients with distal 1/3<sup>rd </sup>tibial fractures with or without intra-articular extensions were included in this study. All 21 patients treated with LCP by MIPPO were followed for 6 months with clinical and radiological assessment, including ankle scoring system (Olerud and Mollander)</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">21 patients with age between 23-65 years (mean 41.6 years) were treated with LCP by MIPPO during the study period. All the patients were followed up at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months and at 1 year with x-ray and ankle scoring system. All the patients had complete union between 14 weeks to 24 weeks with ankle score between excellent and good in majority of the patients. There were 2 cases of delayed union, 3 superficial skin infections and 3 cases of ankle stiffness. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Study concludes LCP with MIPPO is a safe, reliable technique to achieve complete union of difficult fractures.</span></p><p> </p>
The distance of the centre of femoral head relative to the midline of the pelvis: a prospective X-ray study of 500 adults
Authors: Rabari Yash B. , Sanap Amol , Prasad D. V. , Thadeshwar Krunal H. 
Published: April 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The mechanical axis of the femur is defined as the line joining the centre of the femoral head to the centre of the knee joint. One of the pre-requisites for a successful total knee replacement (TKR) is correct positioning of the implants, so that the mechanical axis of the limb is restored to neutral. During TKR surgery, the distal femoral anatomy can be visualized. However, to identify the mechanical axis of the femur, the location of the femoral head must be known.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We prospectively measured distance of centre of femoral head relative to the midline of the pelvis in 500 adults, using x ray of pelvic with both hip anteroposterior view done for medical causes during 2-May-2015 to 1-Jan-2017 with satisfied the following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient gender and age were known. Both hips were clearly shown on the radiograph and not affected by any developmental or acquired condition that might deform normal anatomy. Radiographs demonstrating unacceptable pelvic tilt or rotation were excluded. Also, we excluded any cases where degenerative changes in the native hip were more severe than grade 1, based on the Tönnis classification.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There were total 500 patients in which 250 were male and 250 were female. The mean age of male was 52.14 year (SD ±80.80 mm, 95% CI 51.05 to 53.24 mm) and female was 52.11 years (SD ±8.82 mm, 95% CI 51.01 to 53.24 mm).The mean distance of femoral head centre from midline in male was 95.02mm (SD ±2.20 mm, 95% CI 94.75 to 95.30 mm) and in female was 91.54 mm (SD ±2.64 mm, 95% CI 91.22 to 91.87 mm).</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>This study provide a useful information to determine the femoral head center relative to the midline of pelvis which useful intraoperatively. <p> </p>
A late Maastrichtian selachian assemblage from the Peedee Formation of North Carolina, USA.
Authors: Case Gerard R. , Cook Todd D. , Saford Eric M. , Shannon Kevin R. 
Published: April 2017

A diverse selachian fauna was collected from the Island Creek Member of the Peedee Formation at Castle Hayne, New Hanover County, North Carolina, USA. This inner neritic assemblage consists of 23 species from eight orders, 17 families, and 20 genera and includes the new species Ptychotrygon clementsi sp. nov. The dentition of a few large macrophagous species with large palaeobiogeographical ranges is described. However, the majority of the reported specimens belong to relatively small species that are endemic to the southern regions of the Western Interior Seaway and the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal plains of North America.
Definicja prawno-teologiczna życia konsekrowanego przez profesję rad ewangelicznych
Authors: SZEWCZUL BOŻENA 
Published: April 2017

Pojęcie życie konsekrowane pojawiło się stosunkowo niedawno. Chociaż jest ono powszechnie stosowane, to jednak – jak się wydaje – nie jest rozumiane w sposób pełny nawet przez same osoby, których dotyczy. Niewiele z nich sięga bowiem do Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego Jana Pawła II z 1983 roku, gdzie podano pełną definicję życia konsekrowanego. Termin ten najczęściej wyjaśnia się jako życie szczególnie poświęcone (konsekrowane) Bogu. Tymczasem już sakrament chrztu - określany także mianem konsekracji chrzcielnej - poświęca Bogu życie każdego ochrzczonego, tak że staje się ono prawdziwym życiem konsekrowanym. Również przez przyjęcie sakramentu święceń kapłańskich kapłan konsekruje się całkowicie Bogu. O jaką więc konsekrację chodzi w przypadku tzw. osób konsekrowanych? Kiedy ona się dokonuje i co tak bardzo wyróżnia osoby konsekrowane, że tworzą one odrębny stan w Kościele, chociaż nie hierarchiczny? Odpowiedzi na tak postawione pytania dostarcza artykuł analizujący kodeksową definicję życia konsekrowanego i jego form istniejących w Kościele katolickim.
Clinical Improvement by Switching to an Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor in Hemophiliac Patients with HIV: The Japan Cohort Study of HIV Patients Infected through Blood Products
Authors: Kawado Miyuki , Hashimoto Shuji , Oka Shin-ichi , Fukutake Katsuyuki , Higasa Satoshi , Yatsuhashi Hiroshi , Ogane Miwa , Okamoto Manabu , Shirasaka Takuma 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
This study aimed to determine improvement in HIV RNA levels and the CD4 cell count by switching to an antiretroviral regimen with an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) in patients with HIV.

Method:
This study was conducted on Japanese patients with HIV who were infected by blood products in the 1980s. Data were collected between 2007 and 2014. Data of 564 male hemophiliac patients with HIV from the Japan Cohort Study of HIV Patients Infected through Blood Products were available. Changes in antiretroviral regimen use, HIV RNA levels, and the CD4 cell count between 2007 and 2014 were examined.

Results:
From 2007 to 2014, the proportion of use of a regimen with an INSTI increased from 0.0% to 41.0%. For patients with HIV who used a regimen, including an INSTI, the proportion of HIV RNA levels <50 copies/mL significantly increased from 58.3% in 2007 to 90.6% in 2014. Additionally, the median CD4 cell count significantly increased from 380/μL to 438/μL.

Conclusion:
There is a large effect of switching to an antiretroviral regimen with an INSTI for Japanese patients with HIV who are infected by blood products. This suggests that performing this switch in clinical practice will lead to favorable effects.
Plasma IP-10 Concentrations Correlate Positively with Viraemia and Inversely with CD4 Counts in Untreated HIV Infection
Authors: Mhandire Kudakwashe , Mlambo Tommy , Zijenah Lynn Sodai , Duri Kerina , Mateveke Kudzaishe , Tshabalala Mqondisi , Mhandire Doreen Zvipo , Musarurwa Cuthbert , Wekare Petronella Taonga , Mazengera Lovemore Ronald , Matarira Hilda Tendisa , Stray-Pedersen Babill 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Chronic immune activation is a feature of HIV infection associated with accelerated HIV disease progression. There is conflicting data on the association of biomarkers of immune activation with traditional markers of HIV disease progression; CD4 counts and viral load (VL).

Objective:
The study aimed to determine the association of biomarkers of immune activation; interferon (IFN)-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) in chronic HIV infection with traditional markers of HIV disease progression.

Methods:
We collected demographic data, enumerated CD4 counts and quantified VL in 183 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive adults with chronic HIV infection. Plasma concentrations of IP-10 and sCD14 were quantified in the ART-naive adults with chronic HIV infection and 75 HIV-uninfected controls.

Results:
IP-10 concentrations were significantly higher in the HIV-infected group (median; 257.40pg/ml, IQR; 174.08-376.32) than in the HIV-uninfected (median; 86.19pg/ml, IQR; 67.70-116.39) (P<0.001). Similarly, sCD14 concentrations were significantly higher in the HIV-infected (median; 1.45µg/ml, IQR; 1.02-2.16) group than in the controls (median; 0.89µ/ml, IQR; 0.74-1.18) (P<0.001). High log10 IP-10 concentrations were positively correlated with high log10 viral loads (Spearman’s correlation coefficient [R]=0.21, P=0.003) and inversely correlated with low CD4 counts (R= -0.19, P=0.011). In contrast, log10 sCD14 was not significantly associated with either log10 viral loads (R=0.03, P=0.707) nor CD4 count (R=-0.04, P=0.568).

Conclusion:
We conclude that plasma sCD14 and IP-10 were elevated in the HIV-infected patients compared to HIV-uninfected individuals possibly due to on-going immune activation. In addition, plasma high concentrations of IP-10 but not sCD14 concentrations are associated with high VL and low CD4 count.
Plasma Level of Soluble ST2 in Chronically Infected HIV-1 Patients with Suppressed Viremia
Authors: Younas Mehwish , Psomas Christina , Mehraj Vikram , Cezar Renaud , Portales Pierre , Tuaillon Edouard , Guigues Adeline , Reynes Jacques , Corbeau Pierre , Routy Jean-Pierre 
Published: April 2017

Introduction:
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a cell damage-induced alarmin. The plasma concentration of suppression of tumorogenicity (sST2), a surrogate marker of IL-33 production, is a prognostic marker of cardiovascular disease.

Observation:
Recently, we reported that sST2 plasma levels were elevated in early HIV-1 infection and linked to markers of microbial translocation and of T cell activation.

Results:
Here we show that it is not the case in patients with suppressed viremia. Thus, IL-33 plays its alarmin role only during the early phase of the infection.
Lipid Production for Biodiesel from Sludge and Crude Glycerol
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Chen Jiaxin , Yan Song , Tyagi Rajeshwar Dayal , Surampalli Rao Y. , Li Ji 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT: Oleaginous yeast Trichosporon oleaginosus was studied for lipid production using municipal sludge with or without fortification of crude glycerol in a 15‐L fermenter. The maximum lipid content (concentration) was 32.0% w/w (9.35 g/L), 33.6% (10.13 g/L), 33.3% (9.13 g/L), and 33.1% (9.03 g/L) w/w with the addition of 25, 50, 100, and 150 g/L glycerol, respectively. Glycerol concentration had little effect on lipid accumulation. However, glycerol concentration substantially affected increase of biomass concentration and cell count. The suitable glycerol concentration was approximately 40 g/L for Trichosporon oleaginosus growing in sludge medium with initial suspended solids (SS) concentration 30 g/L. Addition of nitrogen to sludge‐glycerol medium enhanced lipid and biomass concentration. The energy conversion efficiency was 1.78, 1.55, and 1.71 with no nitrogen added, with addition of 1 g/L urea, and 3.7 g/L peptone, respectively. The biodiesel production cost was estimated nearly 0.75 US$/L.
Biotransformation of RDX and HMX by Anaerobic Granular Sludge with Enriched Sulfate and Nitrate
Authors: An Chunjiang , Shi Yarong , He Yanling , Huang Guohe , Liu Yonghong , Yang Shucheng 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT: RDX and HMX are widely used energetic materials and they are recognized as environmental contaminants at numerous locations. The present study investigated the biotransformation of RDX and HMX by anaerobic granular sludge under sulfate‐ and nitrate‐enriched conditions. The results showed that RDX and HMX could be transformed by anaerobic granular sludge when nitrate was present. However, the biotransformation of RDX and HMX was negatively influenced, especially with high nitrate concentrations. Sulfate‐enriched conditions were more favorable for the removal of ammunition compounds by anaerobic granular sludge than nitrate‐enriched conditions. The removal of RDX and HMX under both nitrate‐ and sulfate‐enriched conditions was facilitated by the use of glucose as additional substrate. This knowledge may help identify factors required for rapid removal of RDX and HMX in high‐rate bioreactors. These results can also be applied to devise an appropriate and practical biological treatment strategy for explosive contaminated wastewater.