bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of low‐titre factor VIII inhibitors in patients with haemophilia A: meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Messori A. , Peyvandi F. , Mengato D. , Mannucci P. M. 
Published: February 2017

IntroductionA few studies have been focused on low‐titre inhibitors in patients with haemophilia A. Although several putative factors have been implicated in the development of these inhibitors, solid data are still lacking.AimThe aim of this study was to perform a proportion meta‐analysis on the incidence of low‐titre inhibitors in haemophilia A.MethodsWe surveyed the PubMed database to identify studies on de novo development of low‐titre inhibitors in haemophilia A patients. On the basis of these data, we carried out a proportion meta‐analysis to summarize information on incidence and between‐study variability. Furthermore, the following three covariates were assessed by meta‐regression: (i) mild disease vs. severe haemophilia; (ii) status of previously untreated patient (PUP) as opposed to multi‐transfused and (iii) type of factor VIII.ResultsOur literature search on PubMed extracted 340 eligible articles. From these, we selected 33 patient cohorts that were included in our meta‐analysis (19 cohorts for PUPs and 14 cohorts for multi‐transfused or unselected patients). The pooled incidence of low‐titre inhibitors was 10.3% (95%CI: 8.3–12.5%) for studies including PUPs and 5.8% (95%CI: 2.5–10.4%) for the other studies; the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.003). Meta‐regression of 31 patient cohorts found that mild disease and type of factor VIII were not associated with an increased incidence of low‐titre inhibitors.ConclusionsOur results confirmed that PUPs show a higher incidence of low‐titre inhibitors than the other patients. Furthermore, our data showed that mild haemophilia was not associated with an increased incidence of low‐titre inhibitors.
Immunoserological and histological differences between autoimmune hepatitis with acute presentation and chronic autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Dohmen Kazufumi , Tanaka Hirofumi , Haruno Masatora , Aishima Shinichi 
Published: February 2017

AimThe histological features of clinically chronic autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) have been well established, with interface hepatitis and plasma cell infiltration as hallmark lesions, however, the immunoserological and histological features of recent‐onset and acute AIH remain undefined. The goal of this study was to define the immunoserological and histological differences between AIH with acute presentation and chronic AIH.MethodsThirty‐two consecutive patients with well‐characterized AIH who had undergone a liver biopsy were identified at our institution. These patients were divided into two groups. Sixteen patients whose liver dysfunction had persisted for at least 12 months were defined as chronic AIH (C‐AIH) patients, and 16 patients whose liver dysfunction had been within normal limits for >12 months previously, and had only recently been found to have abnormal function for the first time, were defined as AIH with acute presentation (AIH‐a) patients. Various biological and histological characteristics were compared between these two patient groups.ResultsNo significant differences were found between the groups for age, body mass index, serum levels of total bilirubin, transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin activity, immunoglobulin, titers of antinuclear antibody, or diagnostic scores between the groups. Histologically, there was no significant difference in the degree of interface hepatitis, plasma cell infiltration, or centrilobular necrosis between AIH‐a and C‐AIH patients. However, histological active findings such as activity, lobular inflammation, rosette formation, spotty necrosis, seroid‐laden macrophages, and single cell necrosis were significantly more frequent in AIH‐a patients, whereas portal fibrosis was significantly more frequent in C‐AIH patients. Only one case among the 16 AIH‐a patients was confirmed as acute AIH, showing massive centrilobular necrosis with a mild degree of portal inflammation and interface hepatitis. All patients with AIH‐a and C‐AIH responded well to corticosteroid or ursodeoxycholic acid treatment.ConclusionsPatients with AIH‐a could not be distinguished from C‐AIH patients clinically or immunoserologically. Based on the histopathological findings of the liver, almost all cases of AIH‐a might be exacerbations of non‐symptomatic pre‐existing C‐AIH.
Exploring the relationship between activities and emotional experience using a diary in a mental health inpatient setting
Authors: Folke Fredrik , Hursti Timo , Kanter Jonathan W. , Arinell Hans , Tungström Stefan , Söderberg Per , Ekselius Lisa 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMental health inpatient milieus have repeatedly been found to be associated with passivity, social disengagement, and low levels of interaction with staff. However, little is known about patients’ experiences related to different ward activities. In the present study, we aimed to study the reports of activities and associated experiences of patients admitted to acute psychiatric inpatient wards. Disengaged, inactive, and solitary activities were hypothesized to be associated with less reward and more distress than their counterparts. We also aimed to investigate if such activities predicted distress, and if they were associated with clinical severity. Participants (n = 102) recorded their activities along with concurrent ratings of reward and distress in a structured 1‐day diary, and nurses provided clinical severity ratings. On average, 3.74 of the 11 hours assessed (34%) were spent doing nothing, only 0.88 hours (8%) were spent with staff, and most of the time was spent in solitude. Doing nothing, being alone, and passivity were associated with the greatest levels of distress and lowest levels of reward, whereas informal socializing demonstrated the opposite pattern. Distress was not predicted by activity or reward when adjusting for baseline distress. Clinical severity was not associated with the amount of time spent alone or the experience of reward during activity. In conclusion, the risk for passivity and social disengagement during admission prevails. This activity pattern could have detrimental emotional consequences and warrants action, but more studies are needed to determine if activity actually precedes emotional experience.
Enhanced power factor of textured Al‐doped‐ZnO ceramics by field‐assisted deforming
Authors: Yang Shuang , Chen Fei , Gao Xiaoyi , Shen Qiang , Zhang Lianmeng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractField‐assisted deforming method has been used to prepare c‐axis textured Al‐doped‐ZnO Ceramics (AZO) ceramics. In such cases, AZO ceramics with different degree of texture can be controlled efficiently. As a consequence, the electrical conductivity has been significantly enhanced for AZO ceramic with high degree of texture. The electrical conductivity for highly textured AZO is as high as 29.5 S·m−1, 6 times higher than random orientation AZO ceramics. The enhanced electrical conductivity leads to a higher power factor of 5.3×10−4 W·m−1·K−2 at 750 K, a 60.6% improvement over the random orientation AZO ceramic.
Structural insights in Dy3+‐doped β‐Tricalcium phosphate and its multimodal imaging characteristics
Authors: Meenambal Rugmani , Poojar Pavan , Geethanath Sairam , Sanjeevi Kannan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA series of Dysprosium (Dy3+) doped β‐Tricalcium phosphate [β‐TCP, β‐Ca3(PO4)2] were developed for applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Characterization studies confirmed the Dy3+ occupancy at Ca2+(1), Ca2+(2), and Ca2+(3) lattice sites of β‐Ca3(PO4)2 and its substitution limit was determined as 4.35 mol%. The transitions from the 6H15/2 ground state to various excited energy levels is validated by the characteristic absorption peaks of Dy3+. Luminescence studies inferred two intense bands at 480 and 572 nm due to 4F9/2→6H15/2 (blue) and 4F9/2→6H13/2 (yellow) transitions of Dy3+. The paramagnetic and nontoxic behavior of Dy3+‐doped β‐Ca3(PO4)2 were confirmed from magnetic and MTT tests, respectively. Dy3+ in the host induces a high X‐ray absorption ability for X‐ray computed tomography (CT) and showed efficient contrast T2‐enhancing modality. Thus the proposed system could be used as a promising probe for multimodality with optical imaging, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Diversification through ecological opportunity in dwarf chameleons
Authors: da Silva Jessica Marie , Tolley Krystal A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate whether morphological variation in a continental radiation of lizards (Chamaeleonidae) was driven by ecological opportunity.LocationKwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa.MethodsChameleons from all morphotypes were genotyped (n = 279) using 10 microsatellite and one mitochondrial marker (n = 130). Genetic spatial structure was examined in a Bayesian framework and compared to ecomorphological forms, to identify distinct chameleon groups using a total evidence approach. Ecological niche modelling projected back to the Last Glacial Maximum and the Last Interglacial was used to make inferences regarding the processes that may have facilitated diversification through ecological opportunity.ResultsFor the three inland groups, genetic and morphological evidence were in agreement suggesting these are candidate species. However, there was discordance in evidence for populations from coastal regions, although the different time‐scales of the data allow us to make some inferences regarding this disparity. The microsatellite data suggest at least three independent origins of coastal chameleons, although all three clusters show the same ecomorph, which indicates convergence of phenotype in a similar environment. The species distribution models revealed high niche stability among inland groups, suggesting the presence of refugia for these chameleons; whereas the coastal niche is more dynamic and likely resulted in recent origins of these groups.Main ConclusionsA dynamic climatic niche and corresponding vegetation shifts are likely to have shaped contrasting ecomorphological and genetic patterns within this continental radiation by creating ecological opportunity for the coastal chamleons. In contrast, inland groups are in climatically stable regions, and show concordance between lines of evidence, suggesting that niche stability has allowed for these chameleons to diverge genetically and phenotypically.
Evaluation of adherence predictors for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis with biologics: the importance of physician–patient interaction and communication
Authors: Zschocke I. , Ortland C. , Reich K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundTreatment efficacy of biologic agents in moderate to severe psoriasis is regarded as high with patient adherence being higher than for traditional therapies. However, use of biologics is connected to high discontinuation rates. The current investigator‐initiated study was conducted to improve the understanding of adherence.Materials and methodsThe study was designed as non‐interventional retrospective multicentre trial in Germany. Questionnaires were developed based on the adherence dimensions identified by the World Health Organization, WHO. Thirteen dermatologists and 246 patients participated in the study and replied to the questionnaires. Study data were analysed for potential predictors of adherence in an explorative manner.ResultsBased on the physician's assessment of the patients' individual adherence, subsets of adherent and non‐adherent patients were discriminated. Two main drivers were identified on the patients' side that were positively connected to adherence: a lack of efficacy of the previous treatments and the knowledge of comorbidities associated with severe psoriasis. Furthermore, physician–patient communication seems to play a central role, as on the dermatologists' side, there was a strong association of adherence and positive personal interrelation between dermatologist and patient.ConclusionThe data reported here underline the importance of patient education and information delivery to optimize patient adherence and thereby treatment outcomes. Treating physicians should be aware that soft aspects of their interaction with the patient might influence treatment adherence.
Can Braden Score Predict Outcomes for Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients?
Authors: Bandle Brian , Ward Kelsey , Min Sung‐Joon , Drake Cynthia , McIlvennan Colleen K. , Kao David , Wald Heidi L. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundBraden score is a routine assessment of pressure ulcer risk hypothesized to identify the frail phenotype.ObjectivesTo investigate the predictive utility of the Braden score on outcomes of inpatients with heart failure (HF).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAn academic medical center between January 1, 2012 and June 30, 2013.Participants642 inpatients with a primary diagnosis of HF (ICD‐9 428).MeasurementsThe primary predictor was Braden score. Primary outcome was 30‐day mortality. Additional outcomes included 30‐day readmission, length of stay (LOS), and discharge destination. Multivariable methods were used to determine the association between the primary predictor and each outcome adjusted for patient demographics and clinical variables.ResultsMean admission and discharge Braden scores were 19.5 ± 2.3 (SD) (range = 9–23) and 20.0 ± 1.9 (range = 11–23), respectively (P < .0001). Mean age was 61.8 ± 16.2 years (range = 19–101). The 30‐day mortality rate was 4.4%, 30‐day readmission rate was 16.2%, mean LOS was 7.0 ± 8.7 days, and 78.2% were discharged home. After adjustment, higher (better) Braden score was significantly associated with decreased 30‐day mortality (discharge Braden AOR 0.81 (95% CI 0.66–0.996)), and decreased average LOS (admission Braden β −0.52 days (P = .0002)). Higher discharge Braden score was significantly associated with discharge to home (AOR 1.66 (95% CI 1.42–1.95)). Braden score was not significantly associated with 30‐day readmission.ConclusionBraden score is an independent predictor of mortality, LOS, and discharge destination among inpatients with HF. Further exploration of the use of Braden scores to identify inpatients who might benefit from specialized intervention is warranted.
Effect of Physical Activity versus Health Education on Physical Function, Grip Strength and Mobility
Authors: Santanasto Adam J. , Glynn Nancy W. , Lovato Laura C. , Blair Steven N. , Fielding Roger A. , Gill Thomas M. , Guralnik Jack M. , Hsu Fang‐Chi , King Abby C. , Strotmeyer Elsa S. , Manini Todd M. , Marsh Anthony P. , McDermott Mary M. , Goodpaster Bret H. , Pahor Marco , Newman Anne B. ,   the LIFE Study Group
Published: February 2017

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) reduces the rate of mobility disability, compared with health education (HE), in at risk older adults. It is important to understand aspects of performance contributing to this benefit.ObjectiveTo evaluate intervention effects on tertiary physical performance outcomes.DesignThe Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) was a multi‐centered, single‐blind randomized trial of older adults.SettingEight field centers throughout the United States.Participants1635 adults aged 78.9 ± 5.2 years, 67.2% women at risk for mobility disability (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB] <10).InterventionsModerate PA including walking, resistance and balance training compared with HE consisting of topics relevant to older adults.OutcomesGrip strength, SPPB score and its components (balance, 4 m gait speed, and chair‐stands), as well as 400 m walking speed.ResultsTotal SPPB score was higher in PA versus HE across all follow‐up times (overall P = .04) as was the chair‐stand component (overall P < .001). No intervention effects were observed for balance (overall P = .12), 4 m gait speed (overall P = .78), or grip strength (overall P = .62). However, 400 m walking speed was faster in PA versus HE group (overall P =<.001). In separate models, 29% of the rate reduction of major mobility disability in the PA versus HE group was explained by change in SPPB score, while 39% was explained by change in the chair stand component.ConclusionLower extremity performance (SPPB) was significantly higher in the PA compared with HE group. Changes in chair‐stand score explained a considerable portion of the effect of PA on the reduction of major mobility disability–consistent with the idea that preserving muscle strength/power may be important for the prevention of major mobility disability.
Acute ghrelin changes food preference from a high‐fat diet to chow during binge‐like eating in rodents
Authors: Bake T. , Hellgren K. T. , Dickson S. L. 
Published: February 2017

Ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone released from the empty stomach, provides a gut–brain signal that promotes many appetitive behaviours, including anticipatory and goal‐directed behaviours for palatable treats high in sugar and/or fat. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether ghrelin is able to influence and/or may even have a role in binge‐like eating behaviour in rodents. Accordingly, we used a palatable scheduled feeding (PSF) paradigm in which ad lib. chow‐fed rodents are trained to ‘binge’ on a high‐fat diet (HFD) offered each day for a limited period of 2 hours. After 2 weeks of habituation to this paradigm, on the test day and immediately prior to the 2‐hour PSF, rats were administered ghrelin or vehicle solution by the i.c.v. route. Remarkably and unexpectedly, during the palatable scheduled feed, when rats normally only binge on the HFD, those injected with i.c.v. ghrelin started to eat more chow and chow intake remained above baseline for the rest of the 24‐hour day. We identify the ventral tegmental area (VTA) (a key brain area involved in food reward) as a substrate involved because these effects could be reproduced, in part, by intra‐VTA delivery of ghrelin. Fasting, which increases endogenous ghrelin, immediately prior to a palatable schedule feed also increased chow intake during/after the schedule feed but, in contrast to ghrelin injection, did not reduce HFD intake. Chronic continuous central ghrelin infusion over several weeks enhanced binge‐like behaviour in palatable schedule fed rats. Over a 4‐week period, GHS‐R1A‐KO mice were able to adapt and maintain large meals of HFD in a manner similar to wild‐type mice, suggesting that ghrelin signalling may not have a critical role in the acquisition or maintenance in this kind of feeding behaviour. In conclusion, ghrelin appears to act as a modulating factor for binge‐like eating behaviour by shifting food preference towards a more nutritious choice (from HFD to chow), with these effects being somewhat divergent from fasting.
Quality and stability of extemporaneous pyridoxal phosphate preparations used in the treatment of paediatric epilepsy
Authors: Mohamed-Ahmed Abeer H A , Wilson Matthew P , Albuera Maedelyn , Chen Ting , Mills Philippa B , Footitt Emma J , Clayton Peter T , Tuleu Catherine 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) content and stability of extemporaneous PLP liquids prepared from dietary supplements used for the treatment of vitamin B6-dependent epilepsy.

Methods
Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate liquids were prepared in accordance with the guidelines given to patients from marketed 50 mg PLP dietary capsules and tablets. The PLP content and its stability were evaluated under conditions resembling the clinical setting using reverse phase HPLC and mass spectrometry.

Key findings
Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate content in most of the extemporaneously prepared liquids from dietary supplements was found to be different from the expected amount (~16–60 mg). Most of these PLP extemporaneous liquids were stable at room temperature (protected from light) after 24 h but unstable after 4 h when exposed to light. A key photodegradation product of PLP in water was confirmed as 4-pyridoxic acid 5′-phosphate (PAP).

Conclusion
Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate tablets from Solgar® were found to be the most reliable product for the preparation of extemporaneous PLP liquids. This work highlighted the difference between the marketed PLP dietary supplements quality and the importance of proper storage of aqueous PLP. There is a need to develop pharmaceutical forms of PLP that ensure dose accuracy and avoid potentially unsafe impurities with the aim of enhancing safety and compliance.
Validation of Ultrasonography for Assessment of Gastric Emptying Time in Healthy Cats by Radionuclide Scintigraphy
Authors: Husnik R. , Fletcher J.M. , Gaschen L. , Gaschen F.P. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe prevalence of gastric emptying (GE) disorders in cats is unknown due to lack of clinically applicable diagnostic tests.ObjectivesThe principal aim of this study was to assess correlation between scintigraphic and ultrasonographic measurements ofGEtime (GET) in healthy cats. Additionally, variability of ultrasonographicGET, and correlation between scintigraphy and ultrasonographic parameters of gastric motility were evaluated.AnimalsEight healthy domestic shorthair cats.MethodsProspective study. ScintigraphicGETwas determined using a solid test meal containing 4mCi99mTc‐mebrofenin. Each cat had 3 separate ultrasonographic assessments ofGE, performed independent of scintigraphic assessment, after solid test meal consumption. The motility index (MI) of antral contractions was plotted against time and time for each fraction of the area under theMIcurve determined. UltrasonographicGETandMIwere correlated to scintigraphicGET.ResultsScintigraphicGET(mean ±SD) for 25, 50, and 75%GEwas 103 ± 32 minutes, 196 ± 45 minutes, and 288 ± 62 minutes, whereas sonographicGETfor 25, 50, and 75%GEwas 106 ± 13 minutes, 203 ± 19 minutes, and 305 ± 27 minutes. There was good correlation between scintigraphic and sonographicGET(r= 0.72–0.82) at 45–90% fractionalGEand between scintigraphicGETand time of correspondingMIcurve fraction (r= 0.78–0.86) at 40–90% fraction of theMIcurve. There was moderate intraindividual variability for sonographicGETandMIcurve fraction times as well as significant variation among individuals.Conclusions and clinical importanceUltrasonography is a valid alternative to scintigraphy for assessment of solid‐phaseGEand allows assessment of postprandial gastric motility in healthy cats.