bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between necrotic patterns in glioblastoma and patient survival: fractal dimension and lacunarity analyses using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Liu Shuai , Wang Yinyan , Xu Kaibin , Wang Zheng , Fan Xing , Zhang Chuanbao , Li Shaowu , Qiu Xiaoguang , Jiang Tao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNecrosis is a hallmark feature of glioblastoma (GBM). This study investigated the prognostic role of necrotic patterns in GBM using fractal dimension (FD) and lacunarity analyses of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and evaluated the role of lacunarity in the biological processes leading to necrosis. We retrospectively reviewed clinical and MRI data of 95 patients with GBM. FD and lacunarity of the necrosis on MRI were calculated by fractal analysis and subjected to survival analysis. We also performed gene ontology analysis in 32 patients with available RNA-seq data. Univariate analysis revealed that FD < 1.56 and lacunarity > 0.46 significantly correlated with poor progression-free survival (p = 0.006 and p = 0.012, respectively) and overall survival (p = 0.008 and p = 0.005, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that both parameters were independent factors for unfavorable progression-free survival (p = 0.001 and p = 0.015, respectively) and overall survival (p = 0.002 and p = 0.007, respectively). Gene ontology analysis revealed that genes positively correlated with lacunarity were involved in the suppression of apoptosis and necrosis-associated biological processes. We demonstrate that the fractal parameters of necrosis in GBM can predict patient survival and are associated with the biological processes of tumor necrosis.
Spatial and viewpoint selectivity for others’ observed actions in monkey ventral premotor mirror neurons
Authors: Maranesi Monica , Livi Alessandro , Bonini Luca 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe spatial location and viewpoint of observed actions are closely linked in natural social settings. For example, actions observed from a subjective viewpoint necessarily occur within the observer’s peripersonal space. Neurophysiological studies have shown that mirror neurons (MNs) of the monkey ventral premotor area F5 can code the spatial location of live observed actions. Furthermore, F5 MN discharge can also be modulated by the viewpoint from which filmed actions are seen. Nonetheless, whether and to what extent MNs can integrate viewpoint and spatial location of live observed actions remains unknown. We addressed this issue by comparing the activity of 148 F5 MNs while macaque monkeys observed an experimenter grasping in three different combinations of viewpoint and spatial location, namely, lateral view in the (1) extrapersonal and (2) peripersonal space and (3) subjective view in the peripersonal space. We found that the majority of MNs were space-selective (60.8%): those selective for the peripersonal space exhibited a preference for the subjective viewpoint both at the single-neuron and population level, whereas space-unselective neurons were view invariant. These findings reveal the existence of a previously neglected link between spatial and viewpoint selectivity in MN activity during live-action observation.
Language Samples From Children Who Use Speech-Generating Devices: Making Sense of Small Samples and Utterance Length
Authors: Kovacs Thomas , Hill Katya 
Published: August 2017

PurposeMean length of utterance in morphemes (MLUm) is underreported in people who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). MLUm is difficult to measure in people who use AAC because of 2 challenges described in literature: the challenge of small language samples (difficulty collecting representative samples) and the challenge of transcribing short utterances (difficulty transcribing 1-morpheme utterances). We tested solutions to both challenges in a corpus of language samples from children who use speech-generating devices.MethodThe first challenge was addressed by adjusting the length of the sampling window to obtain representative language samples. The second challenge was addressed by using mean syntactic length (MSL) as an alternative to MLUm.ResultsA 24-hour sample window consistently failed to yield representative samples. An extended 1-month sample window consistently yielded representative samples. A significant positive prediction of MLUm by MSL was found in a normative sample. Observed measures of MSL were used to predict MLUm in representative language samples from children who use AAC.ConclusionsValid measures of utterance length in people who use AAC can be obtained using extended sampling windows and MSL. Research is needed to characterize the strengths and limitations of both solutions.
Demenz und Alzheimer – ein Leben zwischen Hoffen und Vergessen
Authors: Zemke Jens 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Neurodegeneration Demenzielle Erkrankungen nehmen aufgrund der demographischen Entwicklung zu. Die häufigste Form der
neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen ist die Alzheimer-Demenz und bisher nicht heilbar. Die präventive und nichtmedikamentöse Therapie ist – bis
weitere erfolgreiche Medikamente zur Behandlung entwickelt werden – ein wichtiger Punkt in der Versorgung der Menschen mit Demenz (MmD).
Potential Anti-inflammatory Sesquiterpene Lactones from Eupatorium lindleyanum
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhong Huanhuan , Fang Shiqi , Zheng Yunfeng , Li Cunyu , Peng Guoping , Shen Xinchun 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Eupatorium lindleyanum has traditionally been used as folk medicine in Asian countries for its therapeutic effects on tracheitis and tonsillitis. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory active constituents from E. lindleyanum led to the isolation of two novel sesquiterpene lactones, named eupalinolide L (1) and eupalinolide M (2), and seven known sesquiterpene lactones (3–9). The structures and configurations of the new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, especially 2D NMR techniques. In vivo experiments showed that the sesquiterpenes fraction significantly reduced mouse ear edema induced by xylene (18.6%, p < 0.05). In in vitro assays, compounds 1–9 showed excellent anti-inflammatory activities, as they lowered TNF-α and IL-6 levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.001). The above results suggest that the sesquiterpene lactones from E. lindleyanum can be developed as novel potential natural anti-inflammatory agents.
Protein kinase C delta phosphorylates ecdysone receptor B1 to promote gene expression and apoptosis under 20-hydroxyecdysone regulation
Authors: Chen Cai-Hua , Pan Jing , Di Yu-Qin , Liu Wen , Hou Li , Wang Jin-Xing , Zhao Xiao-Fan 
Published: August 2017

Significance
The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) promotes apoptosis during larval-to-adult metamorphosis in insects. However, the mechanisms governing this process are unclear. This work reveals that 20E up-regulates the expression of the protein kinase PKCδ isoform E. Overexpression of the catalytic domain of PKCδ is sufficient to increase caspase-3 activity and apoptosis. PKCδ directly phosphorylates a threonine residue at position 468 of the amino acid sequence of nuclear receptor EcRB1. The phosphorylation of EcRB1 is essential for apoptotic gene transcription. These results demonstrate the mechanism by which the steroid hormone 20E promotes PKCδ expression to regulate apoptosis.
From adverts to letters to the editor
Authors: Chovanec Jan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article deals with external voicing in early news discourse, focusing on how the function of announcing future events was realised in letters to the editor and classified adverts, using data from the British daily newspaper The Times in the late eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries. The external voicing of texts announcing future newsworthy events – upcoming cricket and football matches – is interpreted in terms of a participation framework in which the newspaper plays the role of the animator, mediating messages originating elsewhere. It is argued that this arrangement of the communicative situation is related to pre-modern journalistic practices that tended to rely on the aggregation of content rather than editorial processing of information.
Newspaper funnies at the dawn of modernity
Authors: Ermida Isabel 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article offers a model for the analysis of comics, focusing on a classic of American Sunday newspapers: Outcault’s The Yellow Kid. As an early form of Press humour, these strips provide lavish material for the analysis of multimodal discourse and at the same time lend themselves to a study of the sociocultural and ideological constitution of America at the emergence of modernity. The analytical model is a threefold framework covering structural elements (“modes”), sociological elements (“functions”) and semantic elements (“mechanisms”). With these interpretive tools, it is expected that the construction of humorous meaning, as well as the usage of various semiotic resources for amusement purposes, becomes clearer. Moreover, the article glimpses at the nature of late nineteenth-century American society, in its vibrant, yet challenging, evolution.
LLR: a latent low-rank approach to colocalizing genetic risk variants in multiple GWAS
Authors: Liu Jin , Wan Xiang , Wang Chaolong , Yang Chao , Zhou Xiaowei , Yang Can 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which genotype millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in thousands of individuals, are widely used to identify the risk SNPs underlying complex human phenotypes (quantitative traits or diseases). Most conventional statistical methods in GWAS only investigate one phenotype at a time. However, an increasing number of reports suggest the ubiquity of pleiotropy, i.e. many complex phenotypes sharing common genetic bases. This motivated us to leverage pleiotropy to develop new statistical approaches to joint analysis of multiple GWAS.

Results
In this study, we propose a latent low-rank (LLR) approach to colocalizing genetic risk variants using summary statistics. In the presence of pleiotropy, there exist risk loci that affect multiple phenotypes. To leverage pleiotropy, we introduce a low-rank structure to modulate the probabilities of the latent association statuses between loci and phenotypes. Regarding the computational efficiency of LLR, a novel expectation-maximization-path (EM-path) algorithm has been developed to greatly reduce the computational cost and facilitate model selection and inference. We demonstrate the advantages of LLR over competing approaches through simulation studies and joint analysis of 18 GWAS datasets.

Availability and implementation
The LLR software is available on https://sites.google.com/site/liujin810822.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The immitigable nature of assembly  bias: the impact of halo definition on
assembly bias
Authors: Villarreal Antonia Sierra , Zentner Andrew R. , Mao Yao-Yuan , Purcell Chris W. , van den Bosch Frank C. , Diemer Benedikt , Lange Johannes U. , Wang Kuan , Campbell Duncan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Dark matter halo clustering depends not only on halo mass, but also on other properties such as concentration and shape. This phenomenon is known broadly as assembly bias. We explore the dependence of assembly bias on halo definition, parametrized by spherical overdensity parameter, Δ. We summarize the strength of concentration-, shape-, and spin-dependent halo clustering as a function of halo mass and halo definition. Concentration-dependent clustering depends strongly on mass at all Δ. For conventional halo definitions (Δ ∼ 200 − 600 m), concentration-dependent clustering at low mass is driven by a population of haloes that is altered through interactions with neighbouring haloes. Concentration-dependent clustering can be greatly reduced through a mass-dependent halo definition with Δ ∼ 20 − 40 m for haloes with M200 m ≲ 1012 h−1M⊙. Smaller Δ implies larger radii and mitigates assembly bias at low mass by subsuming altered, so-called backsplash haloes into now larger host haloes. At higher masses (M200 m ≳ 1013 h−1M⊙) larger overdensities, Δ ≳ 600 m, are necessary. Shape- and spin-dependent clustering are significant for all halo definitions that we explore and exhibit a relatively weaker mass dependence. Generally, both the strength and the sense of assembly bias depend on halo definition, varying significantly even among common definitions. We identify no halo definition that mitigates all manifestations of assembly bias. A halo definition that mitigates assembly bias based on one halo property (e.g. concentration) must be mass dependent. The halo definitions that best mitigate concentration-dependent halo clustering do not coincide with the expected average splashback radii at fixed halo mass.
Inside an African family business estate: the founder’s legacy and the successor’s dilemma
Authors: Muhumed Zubaida , Bodolica Virginia , Spraggon Martin 
Published: August 2017

Subject area
Family business.

Study level/applicability
Specialized undergraduate courses, Elective MBA courses.

Case overview
This case study uncovers the remarkable story of the relentless growth and sporadic weakening of Nurul Ain (NA) Limited, a family business conglomerate with major operations in the Eastern region of Africa. The case provides an opportunity to follow the different stages of development of this family-owned organization through a sequence of strategic events and family dynamics that led to its recurrent success, decline and rejuvenation. Despite the numerous successes of NA Limited since its establishment in the early 1990s, the ambiguous relationship between family, ownership and management systems has caused a ripple effect of strategic, structural and governance challenges that threaten the sustainability of the family business. Nowadays, the founder faces the pressing challenge of ensuring his legacy remains intact and is passed over to his chosen successor, who, in turn, is confronted with the dilemma of joining the family business or pursing an independent career outside NA Limited. Shedding light on the complexity of today’s family-run organizations, the case allows examining the effectiveness of strategic decision-making in an emerging market context by applying a variety of family business principles, theories and frameworks.

Expected learning outcomes
Discuss the sources of competitive advantage and the typical challenges that family firms face in the context of emerging markets. Perform a comprehensive corporate diagnosis and examine the specificities of strategic management process in family businesses. Assess the succession management practices in family-run organizations and design a profile of successful successor. Discuss the effectiveness of various corporate governance mechanisms in the context of family-owned enterprises. Evaluate the strategic choices of the top management team and offer recommendations for securing the family business longevity.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Multiple factors modulate tree growth complementarity in Central European mixed forests
Authors: Mina Marco , Huber Markus O. , Forrester David I. , Thürig Esther , Rohner Brigitte 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMixed species forests can often be more productive and deliver higher levels of ecosystem services and functions than monocultures. However, complementarity effects for any given tree species are difficult to generalize because they can vary greatly along gradients of climatic conditions and resource availability. Identifying the conditions where species diversity can positively influence productivity is crucial. To date, few studies have examined how growth complementarity across species and mixture types is modulated by stand and environmental factors, and fewer have considered more than one or two factors.We investigated how complementarity effects for several major Central European tree species change with climatic and edaphic conditions, and with stand structural characteristics, including species composition. We used data from the Swiss National Forest Inventory, which is based on 3,231 plots of pure and mixed stands (19 mixture types) across a broad environmental gradient, to test (i) how mixing effects change depending on the identity of the admixed species and (ii) if complementarity consistently increases when environmental conditions become harsher.The magnitude, whether positive or negative, of complementarity increased with increasing stand density and stand developmental stage, but no general pattern could be identified across mixture types. Complementarity for many species increased as drought intensity and temperature increased, but not for all species and mixture types. While soil conditions, nitrogen and site topography influenced complementarity for many species, there was no general pattern (increases and decreases were observed).Synthesis. Our study indicates that complementarity varies strongly with stand density and stand development as well as with topographic, climatic and soil conditions. This emphasizes the need to account for site‐dependent conditions when exploring mixture effects in relation to forest productivity. We found that under certain conditions (i.e. increasing drought, higher temperature), mixed forests can promote individual tree growth in Central European temperate forests. However, careful assessments depending on the species composing the stands are required under changing resource availability as well as under different levels of stand density and development.
One‐piece internal zirconia abutments for single‐tooth restorations on narrow and regular diameter implants: A 5‐year prospective follow‐up study
Authors: Nilsson Andrée , Johansson Lars‐Åke , Lindh Christina , Ekfeldt Anders 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundStudies have reported an increased risk for fractures of zirconia abutments compared with titanium abutments.PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate single‐tooth implant restorations with one‐piece yttria‐stabilized internal zirconia abutments on narrow and regular diameter implants up to 6 years after insertion.Material and methodsThis study comprises 52 consecutively treated patients, with a median age of 19 years. In total, 59 narrow (3.3 mm) and 10 regular (4.1 mm) diameter implants were installed. Sixty‐five all‐ceramic crowns were cemented on implant‐supported one‐piece internal zirconia abutments and 4 restorations were screw‐retained.ResultsThirty‐five patients with 48 implant restorations participated in the final examination and another 14 patients with 16 implant restorations were possible to reach and could be interviewed. The implant survival was 100% but the survival rate for the implant‐supported ceramic restorations was lower, 87.5%. Three crowns (4.7%) were remade for different reasons. Five restorations (7.8%) were remade due to fracture of the internal one‐piece zirconia abutment. Four of these fractures occurred in 3.3 mm implant abutments.ConclusionsNarrow diameter implants offer an opportunity to restore small single‐tooth edentulous gaps. For esthetical reasons the choice of an abutment in zirconia can be favorable, but at least with the used implant system, there seems to be an increased risk for fracture. Most patients were very satisfied with the esthetics and function of their implant restorations.
Perceptual abnormalities in an ultra‐high risk for psychosis population relationship to trauma and co‐morbid disorder
Authors: O' Connor Karen , Nelson Barnaby , Cannon Mary , Yung Alison , Thompson Andrew 
Published: August 2017

AimsThe aims of this study were 3‐fold. We wished to investigate whether at baseline entry to an ultra‐high risk (UHR) clinic whether: (1) perceptual abnormalities are more prevalent in those young people with co‐morbid psychiatric diagnoses, (2) perceptual abnormalities are more prevalent in those young people with histories of childhood adversity (childhood trauma, bullying) and (3) perceptual abnormality type is associated with co‐morbid psychiatric diagnoses or histories of childhood adversity.MethodsIn a sample of 118 UHR patients we investigated the relationship between perceptual abnormalities and non‐psychotic diagnoses and adverse life events at entry to a UHR clinic.ResultsDepressive disorder at baseline was associated with increased odds of experiencing perceptual abnormalities (OR 3.59, P = .004), particularly visual perceptual abnormalities (OR 2.36, P = .02). Borderline personality disorder at baseline was associated with increased odds of any auditory perceptual abnormalities (OR 3.44, P = .04) and specifically second person perceptual abnormalities (OR 2.69, P = .04). A history of childhood trauma and childhood bullying were both associated with increased odds of experiencing perceptual abnormalities at baseline (trauma OR 6.30, P < .001; bullying OR 5.00, P = .01).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that in the UHR population, certain types of perceptual abnormalities index risk for co‐morbid non‐psychotic disorder and indicate prior experience of childhood trauma. The use of detailed phenomenology of psychotic symptoms can help to shape our understanding of risk in UHR patients.
Low validity of predictive equations for calculating resting energy expenditure in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Rodrigues A. M. dos S. , Costa A. B. P. , Campos D. L. , Silva M. P. S. , Cândido A. L. , Santos L. C. dos , Ferreira A. V. M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundPredictive equations are the main clinical tools for determining resting energy expenditure (REE). However, their adequate use in overweight and obese individuals is unclear. Thus, we investigated the best predictive equations for estimating REE in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsEleven analyses were performed with prediction equations (pREE) based on anthropometric parameters in 30 overweight or obese women with PCOS without other chronic diseases. The measured REE (mREE) was calculated by indirect calorimetry. The validity of the equations was investigated by comparison, accuracy and agreement tests between pREE and mREE at both the individual and group level.ResultsFour analyses were similar to those of mREE, and smallest mean differences were observed for the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/United Nations University (WHO/FAO/UNU) considering weight (W) [0.07 (1.13) MJ (16 [270] kcal)]. Individual accuracy was greater than 50% for Harris and Benedict, Müller and Lazzer equations. The percentage of REE underestimation ranged between 16.7% and 73.3%, whereas higher rates of overestimation were observed in the De Luis (66.7%) and Ireton‐Jones (43.3%) equations. Mean bias at the group level was lowest in the WHO/FAO/UNU W and WHO/FAO/UNU considering weight and height (WH), Müller and Lazzer equations (–2.8 to 0.5). The WHO/FAO/UNU W and WHO/FAO/UNU WH formulas were optimal in individual agreement (33.3%).ConclusionsFAO/WHO/UNU W equations may estimate the REE in overweight and obese women with PCOS. However, the low individual accuracy and agreement in relation to mREE suggest caution regarding when to use the formula to perform an individual nutritional plan.