bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 3 on the physiology in asymptomatic plants of Vitis vinifera
Authors: Montero R. , El aou ouad H. , Pacifico D. , Marzachì C. , Castillo N. , García E. , Del Saz N.F. , Florez‐Sarasa I. , Flexas J. , Bota J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGrapevine leafroll disease is one of the most important viral diseases of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) worldwide. Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 3 (GLRaV‐3) is the most predominant virus species causing this disease. Therefore, it is important to identify GLRaV‐3 effects, especially in plants which do not systematically show visual symptoms. In this study, effects of GLRaV‐3 on grapevine physiology were evaluated in asymptomatic plants of Malvasía de Banyalbufar and Cabernet Sauvignon cvs. Absolute virus quantification was performed in order to determine the level of infection of the treatment. The net carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation (AN) and electron transport rate (Jflux) were the main parameters affected by the virus. The AN reduction in infected plants was attributed to restrictions in CO2 diffusion caused by anatomical leaf changes and a reduction of Rubisco activity. Those effects were more evident in Malvasia de Banyalbufar plants. The reduction of AN leads to a decrease in the total oxygen uptake rate by the activity of the cytochrome oxidase pathway, producing slight differences in plant growth. Therefore, even though no symptoms were expressed in the plants, the effects of the virus compromised the plant vital processes, showing the importance of early detection of the virus in order to fight against the infection.
Caveolin‐1 deficiency induces premature senescence with mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Yu Dong‐Min , Jung Seung Hee , An Hyoung‐Tae , Lee Sungsoo , Hong Jin , Park Jun Sub , Lee Hyun , Lee Hwayeon , Bahn Myeong‐Suk , Lee Hyung Chul , Han Na‐Kyung , Ko Jesang , Lee Jae‐Seon , Ko Young‐Gyu 
Published: May 2017

SummaryParadoxical observations have been made regarding the role of caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) during cellular senescence. For example, caveolin‐1 deficiency prevents reactive oxygen species‐induced cellular senescence despite mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to senescence. To resolve this paradox, we re‐addressed the role of caveolin‐1 in cellular senescence in human diploid fibroblasts, A549, HCT116, and Cav‐1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Cav‐1 deficiency (knockout or knockdown) induced cellular senescence via a p53‐p21‐dependent pathway, downregulating the expression level of the cardiolipin biosynthesis enzymes and then reducing the content of cardiolipin, a critical lipid for mitochondrial respiration. Our results showed that Cav‐1 deficiency decreased mitochondrial respiration, reduced the activity of oxidative phosphorylation complex I (CI), inactivated SIRT1, and decreased the NAD+/NADH ratio. From these results, we concluded that Cav‐1 deficiency induces premature senescence via mitochondrial dysfunction and silent information regulator 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) inactivation.
Discretionary accruals: signalling or earnings management in Australia?
Authors: Pham Hai Yen , Chung Richard Yiu‐Ming , Roca Eduardo , Bao Ben‐Hsien 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe investigate the signalling effect of discretionary accruals (DAC). Although we find that discretionary accruals are insignificantly related to contemporaneous stock returns, we uncover that income‐increasing discretionary accruals of GAAP‐complying growth firms are significantly and positively related to contemporaneous stock returns. Furthermore, we find that this positive effect is stronger among firms with better corporate governance mechanisms, such as Board of Directors Independence, Audit Committee Independence and Large Shareholders’ Ownership. In addition to contemporaneous stock returns, we also find similar results with the future increase in dividends. Our findings are consistent with the argument that corporate governance can enhance the signalling effect of reported earnings of GAAP‐complying growth firms.
Duration of major and minor depressive episodes and associated risk indicators in a psychiatric epidemiological cohort study of the general population
Authors: ten Have M. , Penninx B. W. J. H. , Tuithof M. , van Dorsselaer S. , Kleinjan M. , Spijker J. , de Graaf R. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveHardly any studies exist on the duration of major depressive disorder (MDD) and factors that explain variations in episode duration that lack biases. This limits clinical decision‐making and leaves patients wondering when they will recover.MethodData were used from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study‐2, a psychiatric epidemiological cohort study among a nationally representative adult population. Respondents with a newly originated depressive episode were selected: 286 MDD and 107 minor depressive disorder (MinDD) cases. DSM‐IV diagnoses were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 and episode duration with the Life Chart Interview.ResultsAmong MDD cases, median episode duration was 6 months, mean duration was 10.7 months, and 12% had not recovered at 36 months. Longer duration was associated with comorbid dysthymia, anxiety disorder, psychotropic medication use (i.e. antidepressants or benzodiazepines prescribed by a mental health professional), mental health care use and suicidal behaviour. Better physical and mental functioning before depression onset predicted shorter duration. Among MinDD cases, shorter median duration (3 months) but similar mean duration (8.7 months), risk of chronicity (10% not recovered at 36 months) and risk indicators for episode duration were found.ConclusionAs the risk of chronicity was similar for MDD and MinDD, MinDD cannot be dismissed as a merely brief mood state.
Identification of a plasma miRNA biomarker signature for allergic asthma: A translational approach
Authors: Milger K. , Götschke J. , Krause L. , Nathan P. , Alessandrini F. , Tufman A. , Fischer R. , Bartel S. , Theis F. J. , Behr J. , Dehmel S. , Mueller N. S. , Kneidinger N. , Krauss‐Etschmann S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is a heterogeneous chronic disease with different phenotypes and treatment responses. Thus, there is a high clinical need for molecular disease biomarkers to aid in differentiating these distinct phenotypes. As MicroRNAs (miRNAs), that regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level, are altered in experimental and human asthma, circulating miRNAs are attractive candidates for the identification of novel biomarkers.This study aimed to identify plasmatic miRNA‐based biomarkers of asthma, through a translational approach.MethodsWe prescreened miRNAs in plasma samples from two different murine models of experimental asthma (ovalbumin and house dust mite); miRNAs deregulated in both models were further tested in a human training cohort of 20 asthma patients and 9 healthy controls. Candidate miRNAs were then validated in a second, independent group of 26 asthma patients and 12 healthy controls.ResultsTen miRNA ratios consisting of 13 miRNAs were differentially regulated in both murine models. Measuring these miRNAs in the training cohort identified a biomarker signature consisting of five miRNA ratios (7 miRNAs). This signature showed a good sensitivity and specificity in the test cohort with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.92. Correlation of miRNA ratios with clinical characteristics further revealed associations with FVC % predicted, and oral corticosteroid or antileukotriene use.ConclusionDistinct plasma miRNAs are differentially regulated both in murine and in human allergic asthma and were associated with clinical characteristics of patients. Thus, we suggest that miRNA levels in plasma might have future potential to subphenotype patients with asthma.
The Australian laparoscopic radical prostatectomy learning curve
Authors: Handmer Marcus , Chabert Charles , Cohen Ronald , Gianduzzo Troy , Kearns Paul , Moon Daniel , Ooi Jason , Shannon Tom , Sofield David , Tan Andrew , Louie‐Johnsun Mark 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundInternational estimates of the laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) learning curve extend to as many as 1000 cases, but is unknown for Fellowship‐trained Australian surgeons.MethodsProspectively collected data from nine Australian surgeons who performed 2943 consecutive LRP cases was retrospectively reviewed. Their combined initial 100 cases (F100, n = 900) were compared to their second 100 cases (S100, n = 782) with two of nine surgeons completing fewer than 200 cases.ResultsThe mean age (61.1 versus 61.1 years) and prostate specific antigen (7.4 versus 7.8 ng/mL) were similar between F100 and S100. D'Amico's high‐, intermediate‐ and low‐risk cases were 15, 59 and 26% for the F100 versus 20, 59 and 21% for the S100, respectively. Blood transfusions (2.4 versus 0.8%), mean blood loss (413 versus 378 mL), mean operating time (193 versus 163 min) and length of stay (2.7 versus 2.4 days) were all lower in the S100. Histopathology was organ confined (pT2) in 76% of F100 and 71% of S100. Positive surgical margin (PSM) rate was 18.4% in F100 versus 17.5% in the S100 (P = 0.62). F100 and S100 PSM rates by pathological stage were similar with pT2 PSM 12.2 versus 9.5% (P = 0.13), pT3a PSM 34.8 versus 40.5% (P = 0.29) and pT3b PSM 52.9 versus 36.4% (P = 0.14).ConclusionThere was no significant improvement in PSM rate between F100 and S100 cases. Perioperative outcomes were acceptable in F100 and further improved with experience in S100. Mentoring can minimize the LRP learning curve, and it remains a valid minimally invasive surgical treatment for prostate cancer in Australia even in early practice.
Predict pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: ratio body thickness/main duct
Authors: Barbier Louise , Mège Diane , Reyre Anthony , Moutardier Vincent M. , Ewald Jacques A. , Delpero Jean‐Robert 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe occurrence of post‐operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy is a challenging issue. The aim was to identify variables on preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan, useful to predict clinically significant POPF (grades B–C) after pancreaticoduodenectomy.MethodsPatients presented POPF after pancreaticoduodenectomy were included from two tertiary referral centres. B/W ratio was defined by ratio of pancreas body thickness (B) to main pancreatic duct (W). The predictive parameters of POPF on CT scan were assessed with a receiving operator characteristics (ROC) curve and intrinsic characteristics.ResultsBetween 2010 and 2013, 186 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy were included. POPF occurred in 25% of them, and was clinically significant in 13%. After univariate analysis, endocrine tumours (P = 0.03), main pancreatic duct size (P < 0.01) and B/W ratio (P = 0.04) were significantly associated with POPF. ROC curve showed a greater area under curve for B/W ratio (0.68) than for main pancreatic duct size (0.33). A 3.8 threshold displayed 80 and 51% for sensibility and specificity, respectively, and a negative predictive value of 94%. A B/W ratio >3.8 increased the rates of post‐operative haemorrhage (odds ratio = 4.3 (1.4–13.2), P = 0.01), and reintervention (odds ratio = 3.4 (1.2–9.6), P = 0.02).ConclusionsB/W ratio superior to 3.8 assessed on preoperative CT scan may be an easy tool to predict clinically significant POPF after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Medial sural artery perforator free flap for the reconstruction of leg, foot and ankle defect: an excellent option
Authors: Balan Jyoshid R. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe defects over the leg, foot and ankle are best covered with a thin pliable flap. The use of muscle flap for the reconstruction of these defects leaves a grafted, aesthetically inferior result. The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) free flap gives a thin pliable tissue for the reconstruction with better aesthesis.MethodsThe study design was retrospective case analysis over a period of 2 years. All the patients who underwent flap for leg, foot and ankle defect reconstruction in the form of MSAP free flap were included in the study. The flap characteristics and aesthesis were assessed along with the patient satisfaction. The flap complication and donor site morbidity were also analysed.ResultsA total of seven MSAP free flaps were done for leg, foot and ankle reconstruction. The mean flap size was 14.29 × 6.6 cm and mean pedicle length was 9.71 cm. One flap had venous congestion post‐operatively resulting in marginal flap loss. All the flaps had acceptable aesthesis with good patient satisfaction. There was donor site morbidity in two patients, in the form of wound dehiscence.Conclusion
MSAP free flap is a reliable choice for leg, foot and ankle defect reconstruction.
One oxygen breath shortened the time to return of spontaneous circulation in severely asphyxiated piglets
Authors: Linner Rikard , Cunha‐Goncalves Doris , Perez‐de‐Sa Valeria 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimAsphyxiated neonates should be resuscitated with air, but it remains unclear if oxygen supplementation is needed in ineffectively ventilated newborn infants. We studied the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) with oxygen or air in an experimental model of inadequate ventilation.MethodsAsphyxia was induced in 16 newborn piglets until their heart rate was <60 bpm or mean arterial pressure (MAP) <30 mmHg. During the first 10 minutes of resuscitation, they received one breath per minute of oxygen (n = 8) or air (n = 8). Tidal volume was 7.5 mL/kg. If MAP was <30 mmHg for 15 seconds, closed‐chest cardiac massage (CCCM) was performed for 45 seconds. From 10 minutes onward, all piglets received normal ventilation with air. ROSC was defined as a heart rate >150 bpm, MAP >40 mmHg and no subsequent CCCM.ResultsBefore resuscitation, the median arterial pH was 6.73. At 10 minutes, no piglets in the oxygen group needed CCCM, while all did in the air group (p < 0.001). The median time to ROSC was 60 seconds with oxygen and 845 seconds with air (p < 0.001). No brain tissue hyperoxia occurred.ConclusionWhen ventilation was inadequate, one oxygen breath reduced time to ROSC in piglets with severe metabolic and respiratory acidosis.
Fluoxetine and congenital malformations: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Gao Shan‐Yan , Wu Qi‐Jun , Zhang Tie‐Ning , Shen Zi‐Qi , Liu Cai‐Xia , Xu Xin , Ji Chao , Zhao Yu‐Hong 
Published: May 2017

AimsTo investigate the safety of fluoxetine use during pregnancy, and to better understand the relationship between maternal fluoxetine use during the first trimester and congenital malformations in infants.MethodsPubMed and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception to 21 March 2016. Additional studies were identified in a manual search of the reference lists. Two reviewers independently extracted data. A third reviewer checked the data. Estimates were pooled using a random‐effects model to calculate the summarized relative ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsAmong 1918 initially identified articles, 16 cohort studies were included. The offspring of pregnant women exposed to fluoxetine during the first trimester had a statistically increased risk of major malformations (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.08–1.29), cardiovascular malformations (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.17–1.59), septal defects (RR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.19–1.61), and non‐septal defects (RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.12–1.73) with low heterogeneity in infants. There were no significant observations of other system‐specific malformations in the nervous system, eye, urogenital system, digestive system, respiratory system, or musculoskeletal system, respectively. There was no indication of publication bias.ConclusionsThe results of this meta‐analysis indicate maternal fluoxetine use is associated with a slightly increased risk of cardiovascular malformations in infants. Health care providers and pregnant women must weigh the risk–benefit potential of these drugs when making decisions about whether to treat with fluoxetine during pregnancy.
Protective effects of dioscin against cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity via the microRNA‐34a/sirtuin 1 signalling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yimeng , Tao Xufeng , Yin Lianhong , Xu Lina , Xu Youwei , Qi Yan , Han Xu , Song Shasha , Zhao Yanyan , Lin Yuan , Liu Kexin , Peng Jinyong 
Published: May 2017

Background and PurposeDioscin exhibits a range of pharmacological actions but little is known of its effects on cisplatin (CDDP)‐induced nephrotoxicity. Here, we have assessed the effects and the possible mechanisms of dioscin against CDDP‐induced nephrotoxicity.Experimental ApproachWe used an in vivo model of CDDP‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats and mice and, in vitro, cultures of NRK‐52E and HK‐2 cells. The dual luciferase reporter assay was used to demonstrate modulation, by dioscin, of the targeting of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) by microRNA (miR)‐34a. Molecular docking assays were used to analyse the effects of dioscin with Sirt1, Keap1 and NF‐κB.Key ResultsDioscin attenuated cell damage in vitro and decreased renal injury in rats and mice, treated with CDDP. In terms of mechanisms, dioscin reversed CDDP‐induced up‐regulation of miR‐34a and thus up‐regulated Sirt1 levels. In addition, dioscin altered levels of haem oxygenase 1, glutathione‐cysteine ligase subunits (GCLC, GCLM) and Keap1, along with increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2, thus decreasing oxidative stress. Also, dioscin affected levels of AP‐1, COX‐2, HMGB1, IκB‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α and decreased the ratio of acetylated NF‐κB and normal NF‐κB, to suppress inflammation. From molecular docking assays, dioscin directly bound to Sirt1, Keap1 and NF‐κBp65 by hydrogen bonding and/or hydrophobic interactions.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results have linked CDDP‐induced nephrotoxicity and the miR‐34a/Sirt1 signalling pathway, which was modulated by dioscin. This natural product could be developed as a new candidate to alleviate CDDP‐induced renal injury.
The Dickkopf1‐cytoskeleton‐associated protein 4 axis creates a novel signalling pathway and may represent a molecular target for cancer therapy
Authors: Kikuchi Akira , Fumoto Katsumi , Kimura Hirokazu 
Published: May 2017

Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) is a secreted protein and antagonizes oncogenic Wnt signalling by binding to the Wnt co‐receptor, low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 6. DKK1 has also been suggested to regulate its own signalling, associated with tumour aggressiveness. However, the underlying mechanism by which DKK1 promotes cancer cell proliferation has remained to be clarified for a long time. The cytoskeleton‐associated protein 4 (CKAP4), originally identified as an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein, was recently found to act as a novel DKK1 receptor. DKK1 stimulates cancer cell proliferation when CKAP4 is expressed on the cell surface membrane. Although there are no tyrosine residues in the intracellular region of CKAP4, CKAP4 forms a complex with PI3K upon the binding of DKK1, leading to the activation of Akt. Both DKK1 and CKAP4 are frequently expressed in pancreatic and lung tumours, and their simultaneous expression is negatively correlated with prognosis. Knockdown of CKAP4 in cancer cells and treatment of mice with the anti‐CKAP4 antibody inhibit Akt activity in cancer cells and suppress xenograft tumour formation, suggesting that CKAP4 may represent a therapeutic target for cancers expressing both DKK1 and CKAP4. This review will provide details of the novel DKK1‐CKAP4 signalling axis that promotes cancer proliferation and discuss the possibility of targeting this pathway in future cancer drug development.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc
Effects of China's Structural Change on the Exports of East Asian Economies
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Hoon , Park Donghyun , Shin Kwanho 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Chinese economy is slowing down and is in the midst of a structural transformation from export‐led and investment‐led growth to domestic demand‐led and consumption‐led growth. While there are widespread concerns among China's trading partners about the effect of the slowdown in China's growth on their exports, China's structural changes are also likely to have a significant impact: for example, China will import fewer machines and more cosmetics. The central objective of the present paper is to empirically examine the effect of China's structural transformation on the exports of East Asian economies, which have close trade linkages with China. We find that economies that have failed to increase the share of consumption goods in their exports to China have suffered larger declines in their quantities of exports to China. In addition, economies that have suffered losses in their shares of China's parts and components imports have faced reductions in their shares in China's total imports.
Environmental Efficiency and the Optimal Size of Chinese Cities
Authors: Wu Jianxin , Wu Yanrui , Wang Bing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe spatial distribution of population and economic activities has important impacts on both economic growth and the environment. This paper uses a slack‐based measure to estimate the total factor environmental efficiency (TFEE) of 286 Chinese prefectural‐and‐above cities for the period 2002–2013. In particular, the relationship between city size and TFEE is investigated. The findings also show an inverted U‐shaped relationship between TFEE and city size, which implies an optimal city size of 16.68 million residents in China. According to this estimate, most Chinese cities may be undersized due to the migration restrictions of the hukou registration system and, hence, suffer from great environmental efficiency losses. The estimated low average TFEE value of Chinese cities also suggests the large potential for efficiency improvement. Thus, government policies should focus on relaxing migration restrictions and encouraging the development of large cities.
Aquagenic cutaneous disorders
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhao Yu‐Kun , Luo Ze‐Yu , Gao Qian , Wu Wei , Sarkar Rashmi , Luo Di‐Qing 
Published: May 2017

SummaryAquagenic cutaneous disorders, which include aquagenic urticaria, aquagenic pruritus, and aquagenic acrokeratoderma, are a group of rare diseases characterized by skin lesions or discomfort induced by brief contact with water. Aquagenic urticaria is characterized by pruritic wheals that occur at the sites of water contact, either immediately or within minutes, and disappear within 30–60 min after water removal. Aquagenic pruritus presents with severe pruritus or a stinging, tingling, or burning sensation without any visible skin changes. These symptoms occur immediately or within minutes after the skin is exposed to water, lasting for one hour or longer. Aquagenic acrokeratoderma usually presents with whitish papules and plaques, edema, and hyperwrinkling within 2–20 min after brief exposure to water; symptoms disappear within minutes to one hour after drying. The pathomechanisms of these diseases are not yet fully understood, and their diagnosis is primarily based on clinical features. Treatment remains a challenge. Herein, we review the literature regarding these unusual disorders.