bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of specialist avifaunal decline in coastal marshes
Authors: Correll Maureen D. , Wiest Whitney A. , Hodgman Thomas P. , Shriver W. Gregory , Elphick Chris S. , McGill Brian J. , O'Brien Kathleen M. , Olsen Brian J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCoastal marshes are one of the world's most productive ecosystems. Consequently, they have been heavily used by humans for centuries, resulting in ecosystem loss. Direct human modifications such as road crossings and ditches and climatic stressors such as sea‐level rise and extreme storm events have the potential to further degrade the quantity and quality of marsh along coastlines. We used an 18‐year marsh‐bird database to generate population trends for 5 avian species (Rallus crepitans, Tringa semipalmata semipalmata, Ammodramus nelsonii subvirgatus, Ammodramus caudacutus,andAmmodramus maritimus) that breed almost exclusively in tidal marshes, and are potentially vulnerable to marsh degradation and loss as a result of anthropogenic change. We generated community and species trends across 3 spatial scales and explored possible drivers of the changes we observed, including marsh ditching, tidal restriction through road crossings, local rates of sea‐level rise, and potential for extreme flooding events. The specialist community showed negative trends in tidally restricted marshes (−2.4% annually from 1998 to 2012) but was stable in unrestricted marshes across the same period. At the species level, we found negative population trends in 3 of the 5 specialist species, ranging from −4.2% to 9.0% annually. We suggest that tidal restriction may accelerate degradation of tidal marsh resilience to sea‐level rise by limiting sediment supply necessary for marsh accretion, resulting in specialist habitat loss in tidally restricted marshes. Based on our findings, we predict a collapse of the global population of Saltmarsh Sparrows (A. caudacutus) within the next 50 years and suggest that immediate conservation action is needed to prevent extinction of this species. We also suggest mitigation actions to restore sediment supply to coastal marshes to help sustain this ecosystem into the future.
Impact of fetal growth restriction on neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years for extremely preterm infants: a single institution study
Authors: El Ayoubi Mayass , Patkai Juliana , Bordarier Cécile , Desfrere Luc , Moriette Guy , Jarreau Pierre‐Henri , Zeitlin Jennifer 
Published: August 2016

AimWe evaluated the impact of fetal growth restriction on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years corrected age for infants born before 27 weeks gestational age.MethodData on infants born before 27 weeks gestational age between 1999 and 2008 (n=463), admitted to a tertiary neonatal unit in Paris, were used to compare neurological outcomes at 2 years for infants with birthweight lower than the 10th centile and birthweight of at least the 10th centile, using intrauterine reference curves. Outcomes were cerebral palsy (CP) and the Brunet‐Lézine assessment of cognitive development, which provides age‐corrected overall and domain‐specific (global and fine motor skills, language and social interaction) developmental quotients. Models were adjusted for perinatal and social factors.ResultsSeventy‐two percent of infants were discharged alive. Eighty‐three percent (n=268) were evaluated at 2 years. Six percent had CP. Fetal growth restriction was not associated with the risk of CP. After adjustment, children with a birthweight lower than the 10th centile had a global developmental quotient 4.7 points lower than those with birthweight of at least the 10th centile (p<0.001); differences were greatest for fine motor and social skills (−4.7, p=0.053 and −7.3, p<0.001 respectively).InterpretationIn extremely preterm children, fetal growth restriction was associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years, but not with CP.
Participation trajectories: impact of school transitions on children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: Imms Christine , Adair Brooke 
Published: August 2016

AimTo describe participation trajectories, and impact of school transitions on those trajectories, of children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThis population‐based longitudinal study assessed participation in activities outside school of children with CP born in 1994/1995. Eligible children contributed data between two and five occasions over 9 years, and had parents with sufficient English proficiency to complete the measures: the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment, and the Preferences for Activities of Children. Linear mixed models were used to assess the relationships between participation and age and the impact of transition.ResultsAt study commencement (2006), 233 children with CP born in 1994/1995 were registered in Victoria; 93 (51 males, 42 females; mean age 11y 2mo, age range 10–12y) contributed longitudinal data. Participation diversity and intensity decreased over time for recreational, active physical, and self‐improvement activities (p<0.009). Social participation increased over time: diversity, intensity, and frequency (p<0.007). All of the identified slopes were generally small (β≤0.11, 1‐point change every 9y) except for recreational diversity scores (β=−0.29). Transition from primary and secondary school had little impact on participation.InterpretationFindings of increased social participation over time are encouraging. Declining participation in other activity types suggests that action is needed to ensure that meaningful recreation and leisure activities are maintained as adolescents with CP transition to adulthood.
Relationship between impulsivity traits and awareness of motor intention
Authors: Giovannelli F. , Mastrolorenzo B. , Rossi A. , Gavazzi G. , Righi S. , Zaccara G. , Viggiano M. P. , Cincotta M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDeficient voluntary control of behaviour and impulsivity are key aspects of impulse control disorders. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between behavioural measures of impulsivity and the awareness of voluntary action. Seventy‐four healthy volunteers completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), a questionnaire used to measure impulsive personality traits, and a go/no‐go task. Moreover, all participants performed a behavioural task based on the Libet's clock paradigm in which they were requested to report the time of a self‐initiated movement (M‐judgement) or the time they first feel their intention to move (W‐judgement). A positive relationship between the time in which subjects reported the intention to move (W‐judgement) and impulsivity measures emerged. Namely, the higher was the score in the attentional and motor impulsivity subscales of the BIS and the number of inhibitory failure responses in the go/no‐go task, the lower was the difference between the W‐judgement and the actual movement (i.e. the awareness of intention to move was closer to the voluntary movement execution). In contrast, no relationship emerged with M‐judgement. The present findings suggest that impulsivity is related to a delayed awareness of voluntary action. We hypothesize that in impulse control disorders, the short interval between conscious intention and actual movement may interfere with processes underlying the conscious ‘veto’ of the impending action.
Reducing the time interval between concussion and voluntary exercise restores motor impairment, short‐term memory, and alterations to gene expression
Authors: Mychasiuk Richelle , Hehar Harleen , Ma Irene , Candy Sydney , Esser Michael J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDespite the most common form of brain injury, there has been little progress in the prognosis and treatment of concussion/mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Current ‘return‐to‐play’ guidelines are conservative, deterring the initiation of physical and social activity until patients are asymptomatic; but the effects of post‐injury exercise have not been adequately investigated. Therefore, this study examined the effects of voluntary exercise on concussion recovery. Using a translational rodent model of concussion, we examined the influence of exercise on injury‐associated behaviours that comprise post‐concussive syndrome (PCS) and gene expression changes (bdnf, dnmt1, Igf‐1, pgc1‐a, Tert) in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In addition, as we have previously demonstrated telomere length (TL) to be a reliable predictor of mTBI prognosis, TL was also examined. The results suggest that exercise initiated within 1–3 days post‐concussion significantly improved motor and cognitive functioning, but had limited efficacy treating emotional impairments. What is more, when deprived of social interaction and exercise, a combination similar to clinical recommendations for rest until symptom resolution, animals did not recover and exhibited impairments similar to typical mTBI animals. Exercise aided in restoration of mTBI‐induced modifications to gene expression in both brain regions. An inverse relationship between the exercise return interval and TL was identified, indicating greater recovery with acute exercise reinstatement. Although additional strategies may need to be employed for emotional functioning, these findings support re‐evaluation of ‘return‐to‐play’ guidelines, suggesting that exercise is valuable for the treatment of concussion.
Contribution of color signals to ocular following responses
Authors: Matsuura Kiyoto , Kawano Kenji , Inaba Naoko , Miura Kenichiro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOcular following responses (OFRs) are elicited at ultra‐short latencies (< 60 ms) by sudden movements of the visual scene. In this study, we investigated the roles of color signals in OFRs in monkeys. To make physiologically isoluminant sinusoidal color gratings, we estimated the physiologically isoluminant points using OFRs and found that the physiologically isoluminant points were nearly independent of the spatiotemporal frequency of the gratings. We recorded OFRs induced by the motion of physiologically isoluminant color gratings and found that OFRs elicited by the motion of color gratings had different spatiotemporal frequency tuning from those elicited by the motion of luminance gratings. Additionally, OFRs to isoluminant color gratings had smaller peak responses, suggesting that color signals weakly contribute to OFRs compared with luminance signals. OFRs to the motion of stimuli composed of luminance and color signals were also examined. We found that color signals largely contributed to OFRs under low luminance signals regardless of whether color signals moved in the same or opposite direction to luminance signals. These results provide evidence of the multichannel visual computations underlying motor responses. We conclude that, in everyday situations, color information contributes cooperatively with luminance information to the generation of ocular tracking behaviors.
Brain dopamine neurone ‘damage’: methamphetamine users vs. Parkinson's disease – a critical assessment of the evidence
Authors: Kish Stephen J. , Boileau Isabelle , Callaghan Russell C. , Tong Junchao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence that recreational methamphetamine exposure might damage dopamine neurones in human brain, as predicted by experimental animal findings. Brain dopamine marker data in methamphetamine users can now be compared with those in Parkinson's disease, for which the Oleh Hornykiewicz discovery in Vienna of a brain dopamine deficiency is established. Whereas all examined striatal (caudate and putamen) dopamine neuronal markers are decreased in Parkinson's disease, levels of only some (dopamine, dopamine transporter) but not others (dopamine metabolites, synthetic enzymes, vesicular monoamine transporter 2) are below normal in methamphetamine users. This suggests that loss of dopamine neurones might not be characteristic of methamphetamine exposure in at least some human drug users. In methamphetamine users, dopamine loss was more marked in caudate than in putamen, whereas in Parkinson's disease, the putamen is distinctly more affected. Substantia nigra loss of dopamine‐containing cell bodies is characteristic of Parkinson's disease, but similar neuropathological studies have yet to be conducted in methamphetamine users. Similarly, it is uncertain whether brain gliosis, a common feature of brain damage, occurs after methamphetamine exposure in humans. Preliminary epidemiological findings suggest that methamphetamine use might increase risk of subsequent development of Parkinson's disease. We conclude that the available literature is insufficient to indicate that recreational methamphetamine exposure likely causes loss of dopamine neurones in humans but does suggest presence of a striatal dopamine deficiency that, in principle, could be corrected by dopamine substitution medication if safety and subject selection considerations can be resolved.
On the properties of identified dopaminergic neurons in the mouse substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area
Authors: Krashia Paraskevi , Martini Alessandro , Nobili Annalisa , Aversa Daniela , D'Amelio Marcello , Berretta Nicola , Guatteo Ezia , Mercuri Nicola Biagio 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe studied the properties of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) in mice expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of the tyrosine hydroxylase promoter (TH‐GFP). By using a practical map of cell positioning in distinct SNpc and VTA subregions in horizontal midbrain slices we saw that the spontaneous firing, membrane properties, cell body size and magnitude of the hyperpolarization‐activated current (Ih) in TH‐GFP‐positive neurons (TH‐GFP+) vary significantly among subregions, following a mediolateral gradient. Block of Ih with Zd7288 inhibited firing in the most lateral subregions, but had little effect in the intermediate/medial VTA. In addition, TH‐GFP+ cells were excited by Met5‐Enkephalin. Extracellular recordings from a large neuron number showed that all TH‐GFP+ cells were inhibited by dopamine, suggesting that this is a reliable approach for identifying dopaminergic neurons in vitro. Simultaneous recordings from dopamine‐sensitive and dopamine‐insensitive neurons showed that dopamine‐insensitive cells (putative non‐dopaminergic neurons) are unaffected by Zd7288 but inhibited by Met5‐Enkephalin. Under patch‐clamp, dopamine generated a quantitatively similar outward current in most TH‐GFP+ neurons, although medial VTA cells showed reduced dopamine sensitivity. Pargyline prolonged the dopamine current, whereas cocaine enhanced dopamine‐mediated responses in both the SNpc and the VTA. Our work provides new insights into the variability in mouse midbrain dopaminergic neurons along the medial–lateral axis and points to the necessity of a combination of different electrophysiological and pharmacological approaches for reliably identifying these cells to distinguish them from non‐dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain.
Geniposide reduces development of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic nephropathy via regulating nuclear factor‐kappa B signaling pathways
Authors: Hu Xiaolei , Zhang Xiaomei , Jin Guoxi , Shi Zhaoming , Sun Weihua , Chen Fengling 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRenal pathology was a commonly seen complication in patients with diabetes. Geniposide (GPO) was previously demonstrated to modulate glucose metabolism in diabetes. This study was to investigate effects of GPO in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats and its underlying mechanism. Renal function in diabetic rats was evaluated by levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urinary albumin. Renal inflammation was appraised by inflammatory cells infiltration and pro‐inflammatory cytokines production. Renal monocytes, T lymphocytes infiltration, and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) expression were quantitated by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, renal nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) was assayed by Western blotting. Diabetic rats showed renal dysfunction as evidenced by increased levels of Scr, BUN, urinary albumin, and elevator renal index. Histological examination revealed significant glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening. However, GPO notably improved renal function and diabetes‐induced GBM changes. Additionally, diabetic rats showed noteworthy renal inflammation,as reflected by enhancement of monocytes and T lymphocytes infiltration, increased expression of ICAM‐1, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), and IL‐6. Interestingly, the level of monocytes infiltration positively correlated with the severity of GBM. Further study indicated diabetic rats displayed increased activation of NF‐κB, indicated by increased expression of NF‐κB p65, IKKα, and p‐IκBα in renal tissue. However, all the changes in renal inflammation and NF‐κB pathway were obviously reversed in GPO‐treated diabetic rats. Our works indicate GPO ameliorates structural and functional abnormalities of kidney in diabetic rats, which is associated with its suppression of NF‐κB‐mediated inflammatory response.
Thermoelastic Phase Analysis (TPA): a new method for fatigue behaviour analysis of steels
Authors: Palumbo D. , Galietti U. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn literature, there are already well‐established thermal methods which allow for the estimation of fatigue limit, in particular for metallic materials such as austenitic steels. These methods are based on heat source generation analysis or on surface temperature evaluation of material subjected to different types of cyclic loading.General application of methodology found limitation in those cases in which temperature changes on material related to fatigue damage were very low and, furthermore, thermal methods require high‐performance equipment and a difficult setup. This is the case, for instance, with brittle materials (such as martensitic steels), welded joints and aluminium alloys.In this work, a new thermal method named Thermoelastic Phase Analysis is used to evaluate the fatigue limit of martensitic steels. This thermal method is based on an empirical approach. The main idea is that phase of thermoelastic response of the material subjected to fatigue loading is influenced by the presence of a heat source due to dissipative phenomena related to damage. Monitoring of the phase parameter provides a more stable setup and an independent means of identifying the fatigue limit of material. The method has also proven to be potentially one order of magnitude faster than traditional thermal methods.
Biotic degradation at night, abiotic degradation at day: positive feedbacks on litter decomposition in drylands
Authors: Gliksman Daniel , Rey Ana , Seligmann Ron , Dumbur Rita , Sperling Or , Navon Yael , Haenel Sabine , De Angelis Paolo , Arnone John A. , Grünzweig José M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe arid and semi‐arid drylands of the world are increasingly recognized for their role in the terrestrial net carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake, which depends largely on plant litter decomposition and the subsequent release of CO2 back to the atmosphere. Observed decomposition rates in drylands are higher than predictions by biogeochemical models, which are traditionally based on microbial (biotic) degradation enabled by precipitation as the main mechanism of litter decomposition. Consequently, recent research in drylands has focused on abiotic mechanisms, mainly photochemical and thermal degradation, but they only partly explain litter decomposition under dry conditions, suggesting the operation of an additional mechanism. Here we show that in the absence of precipitation, absorption of dew and water vapor by litter in the field enables microbial degradation at night. By experimentally manipulating solar irradiance and nighttime air humidity, we estimated that most of the litter CO2 efflux and decay occurring in the dry season was due to nighttime microbial degradation, with considerable additional contributions from photochemical and thermal degradation during the daytime. In a complementary study, at three sites across the Mediterranean Basin, litter CO2 efflux was largely explained by litter moisture driving microbial degradation and ultraviolet radiation driving photodegradation. We further observed mutual enhancement of microbial activity and photodegradation at a daily scale. Identifying the interplay of decay mechanisms enhances our understanding of carbon turnover in drylands, which should improve the predictions of the long‐term trend of global carbon sequestration.
Evidence of a dual histogenetic pathway of sacrococcygeal teratomas
Authors: Emerson Robert E , Kao Chia‐Sui , Eble John N , Grignon David J , Wang Mingsheng , Zhang Shaobo , Wang Xiaoyan , Fan Rong , Masterson Timothy A , Roth Lawrence M , Cheng Liang 
Published: August 2016

AimsSacrococcygeal teratomas are rare tumours that occur most frequently in neonates, although adult cases also occur. The molecular pathogenesis of these tumours and their long‐term prognosis is uncertain. We investigated the i(12p) status of a large number of primary sacrococcygeal teratomas in both children and adults, including cases with malignant germ cell tumour elements.Methods and resultsFifty‐four sacrococcygeal teratoma specimens from 52 patients were identified, and available follow‐up information was obtained. Fluorescence in‐situ hybridization analysis was performed to identify isochromosome 12p [i(12p)] abnormalities on paraffin blocks of the tumours. Among the 48 paediatric patients, there were 44 teratomas and four tumours with combined teratoma and yolk sac tumour (one of whom also had primitive neuroectodermal tumour). The teratomas included 37 mature teratomas and 11 immature teratomas (four grade 1, two grade 2, and five grade 3). The 44 teratomas lacking a yolk sac tumour component were all negative for i(12p). The four tumours with a yolk sac tumour component were all positive for i(12p). The four adult cases all lacked non‐teratomatous germ cell tumour components, immature elements, and i(12p). Follow‐up information was available for 32 patients. Two patients with teratoma had recurrence, but were alive with no evidence of disease after long‐term follow‐up. One patient with combined teratoma and yolk sac tumour had recurrence 7 months after resection. The other patients were alive with no evidence of disease at last follow‐up.ConclusionsOur data suggest that paediatric sacrococcygeal teratomas should be considered as two distinct groups with divergent histogenetic pathways. The prognosis of these tumours is excellent, despite rare recurrence.
An integrative taxonomy approach unveils unknown and threatened moth species in Amazonian rainforest fragments
Authors: Lamarre Greg P. A. , Decaëns Thibaud , Rougerie Rodolphe , Barbut Jérôme , Dewaard Jeremy R. , Hebert Paul D. N. , Herbin Daniel , Laguerre Michel , Thiaucourt Paul , Bonifacio Martins Marlucia 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

This study focuses on the importance in hyperdiverse regions, such as the Amazonian forest, of accelerating and optimising the census of invertebrate communities.

We carried out low‐intensity sampling of tropical moth (Lepidoptera) assemblages in disturbed forest fragments in Brazil.

We combined DNA barcoding and taxonomists’ expertise to produce fast and accurate surveys of local diversity, including the recognition and census of undescribed and endemic species.

Integrating expert knowledge of species distributions, we show that despite limited sampling effort, our approach revealed an unexpectedly high number of new and endemic species in severely threatened tropical forest fragments.

These results highlight the risk of silent centinelan extinctions and emphasise the urgent need for accelerated invertebrate surveys in high‐endemism and human‐impacted tropical forests.