bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free radicals hasten head and neck cancer risk
Authors: Singh AK , Pandey P , Tewari M , Pandey HP , Gambhir IS , Shukla HS 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative stress, are the main contributors to head and neck carcinogenesis (HNC). The present study was conducted with the aim to assess the oxidant/antioxidant status and DNA damage analysis in head and neck cancer/control patients.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was conducted on 60 patients with biopsy-proven HNC and 17 patients of head and neck disease (HND). The total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined by novel automatic colorimetric methods from tissue homogenate. DNA damage analysis was determined by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE).

Results:
The mean age of the study cohort was 46.65 ± 14.84 years for HNC patients, while it was 49.41 ± 13.00 years for HND patients. There were no significant differences found between the two groups with respect to demographic presentation except tobacco addiction. The association between oxidative stress parameters and DNA damage analysis with study group revealed the following. (A) DNA damage - tissue homogenate TOS and OSI were significantly higher in HNC subjects than in HND (16.06 ± 1.78 AU vs 7.86 ± 5.97 AU, P < 0.001; 53.00 ± 40.61 vs 19.67 ± 21.90, P < 0.01; 7.221 ± 5.80 vs 2.40 ± 2.54, P < 0.01, respectively), while TAS was significantly decreased. (B) Aggressive histological features were identified, more commonly with higher TOS and lower TAS [probability (P) = 0.002, relative risk (RR) = 11.838, 95% confidence interval CI = 2.514-55.730 and P = 0.043, RR = 0.271, 95% CI = 0.077-0.960, respectively].

Conclusion:
The increase in free radicals may be the event that led to the reduction of antioxidant status in HNC, thus explaining the oxidative damage of DNA and the severity of disease. Increased OSI represents a general mechanism in its pathogenesis.
A hybrid model to simulate the annual runoff of the Kaidu River in northwest China
Authors: Xu Jianhua , Chen Yaning , Bai Ling , Xu Yiwen 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Fluctuant and complicated hydrological processes can result in the uncertainty of runoff forecasting. Thus, it is necessary to apply the multi-method integrated modeling approaches to simulate runoff. Integrating the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), the back-propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) and the nonlinear regression equation, we put forward a hybrid model to simulate the annual runoff (AR) of the Kaidu River in northwest China. We also validate the simulated effects by using the coefficient of determination (R2) and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) based on the observed data from 1960 to 2012 at the Dashankou hydrological station. The average absolute and relative errors show the high simulation accuracy of the hybrid model. R2 and AIC both illustrate that the hybrid model has a much better performance than the single BPANN. The hybrid model and integrated approach elicited by this study can be applied to simulate the annual runoff of similar rivers in northwest China.
O poder local e o coronelismo no Paraná
Authors: Goulart Monica Helena Harrich Silva 
Published: April 2016

O presente artigo se propõe a analisar o fenômeno do coronelismo no estado do Paraná entre os anos de 1880 a 1930. Percebeu-se que o coronelismo paranaense ocorreu segundo a perspectiva de Vitor Nunes Leal, que o considera a partir da relação sistêmica de troca de favores entre os representantes do poder privado, os chamados coronéis (enfraquecidos), e o poder público, os governadores estaduais (cada vez mais fortalecidos). Para o coronel, a garantia de sua posição se dava pelo controle dos votos da população pobre e dependente, cuja maioria se encontrava no meio rural. São apresentados os elementos fundamentais para o entendimento de tal fenômeno através do mapeamento de suas estruturas formais, do arranjo do poder político partidário disciplinador e das práticas ilegais no momento das eleições, além da análise das trocas de favores que envolvia tal sistema. Para desenvolvimento da pesquisa, recorreu-se ao estudo de vários aspectos do tema: primeiramente, a discussão efetivamente teórica a respeito do próprio conceito de coronelismo, bem como a pesquisa empírica por meio de diversas fontes, como jornais, constituições estaduais e atas da Assembleia[1] Legislativa do Paraná.[1] No Império chamava-se Assembleia Provincial, e na República, Congresso Legislativo.
As raízes do intervencionismo estatal e do projeto paranaense de desenvolvimento
Authors: Marcelino Marcelo Gonçalves 
Published: April 2016

O presente artigo procura recuperar o processo de construção da fase desenvolvimentista brasileira e o tardio projeto paranaense em termos de planejamento econômico e social na sua fase inicial de elaboração; lembrando que o social raramente esteve presente nas prioridades das políticas públicas específicas dessa conjuntura. A denominada revolução burguesa de 1930 capitaneada por Getúlio Vargas tornar-se o marco nas transformações na base da infraestrutura econômica brasileira guiada pelo motor da industrialização a partir das políticas de Estado. No caso paranaense o projeto desenvolvimentista regional começa a ser pensado apenas no final do governo de Bento Munhoz, quando surgem os estudos do PLADEP (Comissão de Coordenação do Plano do Desenvolvimento Econômico do Estado do Paraná) em meados dos anos de 1950. Como essas transformações ocorreram ao longo dessa trajetória e como esse projeto costurou-se em termos de articulação política e econômica no Paraná no seu início; que transita entre o arcaico e o moderno, passa a ser o desafio a ser conhecido a partir dessa abordagem.
Emotional Spousal Support Can Have Unintended Organizational Outcomes
Authors: Caykoylu Sinan 
Published: April 2016

<p> Management field studies make it clear that emotional spousal support has a positive effect on individual and organizational outcomes. However, this does not mean that all spousal supports are the same. Even when it is based on good intentions, spousal support can have unintended negative consequences. Using multiple case analyses, this research shows that spousal support efforts to protect life-partners from potential harm and to boost their self-confidence levels, if not checked, can lead to decrease in cooperation with in the work environment and ultimately affect the organization in a negative way. When vigilance and confidence levels get hyped up, they lead to distrust and a false sense of independence, both of which are critical factors that decrease the cooperation levels within the work environment. The goal of this study is to help researchers and practitioners improve the efficacy of spousal backing by highlighting that under certain circumstances spousal support can do more harm than good.</p>
Novel electrodeless-dielectrophoresis device for nanoparticle trapping using three-dimensional inverted-pyramid arrays
Authors: Chiou Chi-Han , Chien Liang-Ju , Lin Jr-Lung , Kuo Ju-Nan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A novel electrodeless-dielectrophoresis (EDEP) device incorporating three-dimensional (3D) inverted-pyramid arrays is proposed for the trapping and separation of nanoparticles. The electrokinetic phenomena in the proposed device are investigated both numerically and experimentally. The results reveal that the pyramid structures induce a 3D squeezed electric field, which allows particle trapping with a lower driving voltage than that required in traditional two-dimensional (2D) EDEP devices. Overall, the proposed EDEP device provides a mass-producible solution for nanoparticle-trapping applications and overcomes the Poisson statistical limit inherent in 2D nanogap-based EDEP devices with smaller (pL) sample volumes.
Selection Bias in Reporting of Median Waiting Times in Organ Transplantation
Authors: Schwab Simon , Elmer Andreas , Sidler Daniel , Straumann Lisa , Stürzinger Ueli , Immer Franz 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceMedian organ waiting times published by transplant organizations may be biased when not appropriately accounting for censoring, death, and competing events. This can lead to overly optimistic waiting times for all transplant programs and, consequently, may deceive patients on the waiting list, transplant physicians, and health care policymakers.ObjectiveTo apply competing-risk multistate models to calculate probabilities for transplantation and adverse outcomes on the Swiss national transplant waiting list.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe WAIT (Waitlist Analysis in Transplantation) study was a retrospective cohort study of all transplant candidates in Switzerland listed from January 1, 2018, or later and observed until December 31, 2023. Transplant candidates were listed in 1 of the 6 transplant centers (Basel, Bern, Geneva, Lausanne, St Gallen, and Zurich) for heart, liver, lungs, kidney, or pancreas and/or islet transplant. A total of 4352 candidates were listed during the study period, of whom 709 (16.3%) were excluded due to living-donor transplant (691 in the kidney program and 18 in the liver program).ExposureWaiting for organ transplant.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTime to transplantation, death, or delisting. Competing-risk multistate models were used to analyze time-to-event data from the national organ waiting list with the Aalen-Johansen estimator to compute probabilities for both transplant and adverse outcomes. Results were compared with the sample median among only those undergoing transplant and the Kaplan-Meier method with censoring of competing events.ResultsData from 3643 transplant candidates (2428 [66.6%] male; median age, 56 [range, 0-79] years) were included in the analysis. The median time to transplantation (MTT) was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.83-1.07) years for heart, 3.10 (95% CI, 2.57-3.77) years for kidney, 1.32 (95% CI, 0.76-1.55) years for liver, 0.80 (95% CI, 0.37-1.12) years for lung, and 1.62 (95% CI, 0.91-2.17) years for pancreas and/or islet programs. Alternative estimation methods introduced bias to varying degrees: the sample median among only persons undergoing transplantation underestimated the waiting time by 38% to 61% and the Kaplan-Meier method by 2% to 12% compared with the MTT.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of transplant candidates in Switzerland, the MTT, the duration at which the transplant probability is 0.50, was used as a measure of average waiting time. Suboptimal methods led to biased and overly optimistic waiting time estimations; thus, applying appropriate competing-risk methods to address censoring and competing events is crucial.
Characteristics and Rates of Preterm Births During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany
Authors: Staude Birte , Misselwitz Björn , Louwen Frank , Rochwalsky Ulrich , Oehmke Frank , Köhler Siegmund , Maier Rolf F. , Windhorst Anita C. , Ehrhardt Harald 
Published: September 2024

ImportancePopulation-based analyses provided divergent data on the changes in preterm birth rates during the COVID-19 pandemic, and there is a gap of knowledge on the variations in birth characteristics.ObjectiveTo study changes in perinatal care, causes of preterm delivery, and very preterm (VPT; defined as &amp;lt;32 weeks’ gestation) birth rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-level cohort study used data from the quality assurance registry, which covers all births in Hesse, Germany. Deliveries during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) were compared with the corresponding grouped prepandemic time intervals (2017 to 2019). Analyses were executed between August 2023 and July 2024.ExposuresAnalyses were directed to study differences in preterm births before and during 3 pandemic phases: first (March 14 to May 15, 2020) and second (October 19 to December 31, 2020) lockdowns and a period of less-vigorous restrictions between them (May 16 to October 18, 2020).Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes of interest were variations in preterm birth rates in the context of baseline characteristics and causes of preterm births during vs before the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsFrom the total cohort of 184 827 births from 2017 to 2020, 719 stillbirths occurred and 184 108 infants were liveborn. Compared with the prepandemic period, medical care characteristics did not differ during the COVID-19 period. The odds of VPT births were lower during the pandemic period (odds ratio [OR], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.95) compared with the prepandemic period, with the greatest reduction observed during the second lockdown period (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55-0.84). Reduction in VPT births was attributed to fewer births in pregnancies among individuals with a history of serious disease (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.50-0.83), pathologic cardiotocography (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53-0.82), and intrauterine infection (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72-0.92) while incidences of history of preterm birth, multiple pregnancies, serious or severe psychological distress, and preeclampsia, eclampsia, or hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome as cause for preterm delivery remained unchanged.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this population-based cohort study on the COVID-19 pandemic and preterm birth rates, the duration of exposure to mitigation measures during pregnancy was associated with accelerated reductions in preterm births. The findings of lower rates of baseline risks and causes of preterm deliveries support efforts to intensify health care prevention programs during pregnancy to reduce the preterm birth burden. These findings of this study put particular focus on hygiene measures to reduce the rate of deliveries for intrauterine infection and highlight the potential of expanding strategies to the different risks and causes of preterm delivery.
2H‐Au Nanosheet‐Templated Growth of PdFe for Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhang An , Niu Wenxin , Liu Guigao , Zhou Xichen , Wang Lixin , Liu Xiaozhi , Li Lujiang , Li Zijian , Zhai Li , Yang Qi , Huang Biao , Wa Qingbo , Yun Qinbai , Cheng Hongfei , Ge Yiyao , Huang Jingtao , Hu Zhaoning , Chen Bo , Zhang Qinyong , Fan Zhanxi , Gu Lin , Zhang Hua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPd‐based alloy nanomaterials normally crystallize in the conventional face‐centered cubic (fcc) crystal phase. Here, 2H‐Au nanosheets (NSs), possessing 2H crystal phase (2H: hexagonal close‐packed with a stacking sequence of “AB”), are used as templates for the growth of PdFe, during which the 2H‐to‐fcc phase transformation in Au NSs happens, leading to the formation of 2H/fcc Au@PdFe core–shell NSs. By changing the Pd/Fe atomic ratio, the 2H/fcc phase ratio in 2H/fcc Au@PdFe NSs can be tuned accordingly. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the as‐synthesized 2H/fcc Au@Pd0.66Fe0.34 NSs are used as an electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in alkaline media, exhibiting a remarkable mass activity of 4.39 A mg−1Pd, which is 1.7, 5.4 and 12.9 times that of 2H/fcc Au@Pd0.56Fe0.44 NSs (2.57 A mg−1Pd), 2H/fcc Au@Pd0.40Fe0.60 NSs (0.81 A mg−1Pd), and Pd black (0.34 A mg−1Pd), respectively, placing it among the best of reported Pd‐based MOR electrocatalysts. This strategy, based on phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN), paves an efficient way to the rational design and controlled synthesis of noble multimetallic nanostructures with unconventional phases for exploring the phase‐dependent properties and applications.
Enhanced Targeted Repair of Vascular Injury by Apoptotic‐Cell‐Mimicking Nanovesicles Engineered with P‐Selectin Binding Peptide
Authors: Zhang Ruixin , Yan Shunshun , Li Shichun , Shi Yu , Yang Yueyue , Liu Junwu , Dong Zixuan , Wang Ting , Yue Jingxin , Cheng Quhan , Wan Ye , Zhang Su , Kang Shanshan , Kong Deling , Wang Kai , Fu Xiaoling 
Published: September 2024

AbstractModulating inflammation is crucial for repairing vascular injury. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells represents an effective mechanism for attenuating inflammation and improving regeneration during natural healing. However, strategies for repairing vascular injuries using biomaterials derived from apoptotic cells are still undeveloped. Herein, apoptotic body‐mimetic nanovesicles (ApoNVs) derived from rat adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) are prepared using a one‐step extrusion method. ApoNVs inherit the unique anti‐inflammatory and pro‐regenerative properties of the parental apoptotic rASCs, as evidenced by enhanced M2 polarization of macrophages and promoted endothelial cell proliferation and migration following treatment with ApoNVs. Moreover, ApoNVs enhance the contractile phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells through the mediation of ApoNVs‐induced repolarized macrophages. After engineering ApoNVs with P‐selectin binding peptide (ApoNVs‐PBP), their ability to target injured artery increased nearly sevenfold compared to unmodified ApoNVs. In a rat wire‐mediated femoral artery injury model, ApoNVs‐PBP effectively suppress inflammation and significantly reduce blood flow velocity and neointimal hyperplasia at the injury site. ApoNVs exhibit similar therapeutic effects, though to a lesser extent. This study provides strong evidence validating the targeted delivery of ApoNVs as an innovative approach for repairing vascular injury and highlights their potential in treating other inflammatory diseases.
Unveiling the Role of Surface Self‐Reconstruction of Metal Chalcogenides on Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Bao Weiwei , Liu Jiangying , Ai Taotao , Han Jie , Hou Jungang , Li Wenhu , Wei Xueling , Zou Xiangyu , Deng Zhifeng , Zhang Junjun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTransition metal chalcogenides are an important class of electrocatalysts with broad application prospects in alkaline oxygen evolution reactions. Many researchers are focusing on the in situ conversion of metal cations in catalysts, but have rarely considered the contribution of oxidation, leaching, and re‐absorption of chalcogenides to the catalytic activity. Herein, multiple characterization approaches are used to monitor the evolution mechanism and origin CoTe@CoS‐electrocatalyzed oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. The research results reveal that the electro‐oxidative dissolution of Te and S on the electrode surface forms TeO32− and SO32−, which are adsorbed on the electrode surface. Moreover, TeO32− and SO32− species will further transform into TeO42− and SO42−. As expected, the extra addition of mixed tellurite and sulfate ions to the Co (OH)2 electrolyte produces a synergistic effect that can significantly boost OER activity. Selenites reveal the analogous effect, indicating that the adsorption of chalcogenates the electrode surface has a universal effect on improving OER performance. The findings of this work provide unique insights into the species conversion of catalytic materials and the mechanism of enhancing catalytic activity during OER processes.
Customizable Induction Heating Profiles: from Tailored Colloidally Stable Nanoparticles Toward Multi‐Stage Heatable Supraparticles
Authors: Luthardt Leoni , Raczka Theodor , Hurle Katrin , Müssig Stephan , Mandel Karl 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are efficient heat mediators in induction heating. Originally explored for hyperthermia, their applications have broadened to industrial processes where temperature control is crucial. By adjusting the NP composition or morphology, magnetic characteristics such as Curie temperatures can be tailored, allowing control over maximum heating thresholds. These NPs are, however, usually designed for maximum heating rates at specific magnetic fields. In this work, the synthesis is presented for colloidally stable Co and ZnCo ferrite NPs with customizable maximum heating temperatures, and their combination within micron‐scaled supraparticles (SPs). Maximum induction heating temperatures of ZnCo ferrite NPs are tuned between 150 and 220 °C, while customization of Co ferrite species yields temperatures between 200 and 350 °C. These distinct magnetic properties are exploited in the selective multi‐stage heating of SPs consisting of both species. Here, ZnCo ferrite components heat up to a first temperature plateau at low alternating magnetic fields (AMF), while Co ferrite NPs reach higher temperatures at increased AMF. The precise control of induction heating thresholds through the adaptability of NPs offers a high degree of customizability which makes induction heating particularly attractive for applications requiring sequential or spatial heating, such as catalysis or debonding on demand.
Genetic spectrum features and diagnostic accuracy of four plasma biomarkers in 248 Chinese patients with frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Xu Tianyan , Weng Ling , Zhang Cong , Xiao Xuewen , Yang Qijie , Zhu Yuan , Zhou Yafang , Liao Xinxin , Luo Shilin , Wang Junling , Tang Beisha , Jiao Bin , Shen Lu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) is characterized by phenotypic and genetic heterogeneities. However, reports on the large Chinese FTD cohort are lacking.METHODSTwo hundred forty‐eight patients with FTD were enrolled. All patients and 2010 healthy controls underwent next generation sequencing. Plasma samples were analyzed for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), α‐synuclein (α‐syn), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and phosphorylated tau protein 181 (p‐tau181).RESULTSGene sequencing identified 48 pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations in a total of 19.4% of patients with FTD (48/248). The most common mutation was the C9orf72 dynamic mutation (5.2%, 13/248). Significantly increased levels of GFAP, α‐syn, NfL, and p‐tau181 were detected in patients compared to controls (all p < 0.05). GFAP and α‐syn presented better performance for diagnosing FTD.DISCUSSIONWe investigated the characteristics of phenotypic and genetic spectrum in a large Chinese FTD cohort, and highlighted the utility of plasma biomarkers for diagnosing FTD.Highlights
This study used a frontotemporal dementia (FTD) cohort with a large sample size in Asia to update and reveal the clinical and genetic spectrum, and explore the relationship between multiple plasma biomarkers and FTD phenotypes as well as genotypes.
We found for the first time that the C9orf72 dynamic mutation frequency ranks first among all mutations, which broke the previous impression that it was rare in Asian patients.
Notably, it was the first time the C9orf72 G4C2 repeat expansion had been identified via whole‐genome sequencing data, and this was verified using triplet repeat primed polymerase chain reaction (TP‐PCR).
We analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of four plasma biomarkers (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], α‐synuclein [α‐syn], neurofilament light chain [NfL], and phosphorylated tau protein 181 [p‐tau181]) at the same time, especially for α‐syn being included in the FTD cohort for the first time, and found GFAP and α‐syn had the highest diagnostic accuracy for FTD and its varied subtypes.