bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absolute vs. Intensity-based Caps for Carbon Emissions Target Setting
Authors: Zeng Yingying , Weishaar Stefan E. , Couwenberg Oscar 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLinking the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) to the Chinese national ETS promises considerable economic and political benefits. However, different policy choices regarding cap setting between the systems are likely to impede a potential linking. A striking distinction is that the EU ETS relies upon an absolute cap, while the Chinese national ETS appears to apply an ‘intensity-based cap’ during the early stages. The current linking literature focuses on mapping legal barriers in general and has not yet focused on EU and China, let alone the intricacies of policy design. This article seeks to fill this gap by concentrating on (static and dynamic) efficiency and environmental effectiveness implications of linking and cap design. From the analysis of the cap we derive policy implications for a hypothetical ETS linking between the EU and China. In response, comprehensive and predictable regulation is needed to ensure the attainment of ETS targets and thus facilitate better regulation.
Bias and Religious Truth-Seeking in Proselytization Restrictions: An Atypical Case Study of Singapore
Authors: Chen Jianlin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractProselytisation restrictions are typically subjected to two objections. First, these restrictions curtail religious liberty and impede religious truth-seeking. Second, these restrictions tend to favour politically dominant religions and discriminate against minority religions. The restrictions on offensive religious propagation in Singapore thus present an interesting departure in which sanctioned religions are not politically marginalised religions, whereas protected religions include numerical minority religions that are socially, economically, and politically disadvantaged. This article utilises the atypical case study of Singapore to highlight the limitations of the two typical objections toward proselytisation restrictions. In particular, the emphasis on religious truth-seeking underpinning these objections is premised upon a distinct set of religious worldviews not shared by the majority of religions in Singapore. This article posits that if religious truth-seeking is no longer the accepted normative goal, then there may be circumstances in which some limited and even-handed restrictions on offensive religious propagation are sufficiently justified on the grounds of social peace and harmony.
Charting Socio-Legal Scholarship on Southeast Asia: Key Themes and Future Directions
Authors: Chua Lynette J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article discusses the state of socio-legal scholarship on Southeast Asia and situates the special journal issue in relation to its key patterns, emerging trends, and future directions. Southeast Asian literature in leading socio-legal journals exhibits an imbalanced geographical coverage and tends to cluster around research on state law’s intersection with Islamic and/or customary norms, women’s equality and legal status, and land and the natural environment. These prevailing patterns lead to uneven attention paid to Southeast Asia. However, growing bodies of work along the major themes of legal pluralism, law and development, and dispute processing show the potential of Southeast Asian research to advance important debates and sub-fields in the scholarship at large. Proposals from a December 2012 workshop initiative further identified research directions that could enrich this field of study as well as understandings of law-society relations in Southeast Asia.
The Philippine Supreme Court and Regime Response, 1970-2000
Authors: Haynie Stacia L. , Dumas Tao L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe behaviour of appellate courts has long fascinated scholars. Specifically, scholars have been attentive to the effect of the political context on judicial outcomes. This paper focuses on the decision-making of the Philippine Supreme Court (“Court”) over multiple decades with particular attention to the influence of changes in the executive branch on the outcomes of cases brought to the Court. The analysis evaluates the decisions of the Court from 1970 through 2000, encompassing the turmoil of the Marcos years through the first few years of the tumultuous tenure of Joseph Estrada. We test the hypothesis, grounded in Galanter’s seminal work, that the government has substantial advantages in the legal system and thus enjoys greater success than other litigants. The government has theoretically unlimited resources with which to litigate, control over the staffing of the bench, and authority over, or at least major influence on, the laws that the courts interpret. As a result, the government is expected to win the majority of the challenges that come before the Court. The Philippines provides an excellent laboratory to test this thesis. In the Marcos era the Court faced a dictator professing “constitutional authoritarianism” whose regime ultimately was toppled by the People Power Revolution. His successor, Corazon Aquino, was initially embraced as the popular wife of an assassinated hero, Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr., but later faced a series of attempts to topple her regime. President Fidel Ramos served for 6 years leading the nation through a period of economic growth. Elected by a wide margin in 1998, President Joseph Estrada quickly lost the confidence of the Filipino people as well as the business and military sectors. By 2001, he was removed from office through political actions which some consider the People Power II. This analysis evaluates the winners and losers before the Philippine Supreme Court across the tenures of these presidencies with particular focus on the ability of the Filipino government to succeed when compared to individuals and businesses and the success of different regimes over time as the executive’s popularity surges and wanes. The results suggest, that like other institutions, the Philippine Supreme Court responded to the rise and fall of the personal politics that dominates the distribution of power in this Asian archipelago.
The Development of the Aeroplane being The Second Wilbur Wright Memorial Lecture
Authors: Glazebrook R. T. 
Published: February 2017

I am honoured by the request of your Council to deliver the second Wilbur Wright Memorial Lecture, and for my subject have selected some points connected with the development of the aeroplane, that machine whose capabilities Wilbur Wright was among the first to recognise and which he did so much to create.
I will commence with some well–known words:—
“I have brought to a close the portion of the work which seemed to be specially mine, the demonstration of the practicability of mechanical flight; and for the next stage, which is the commercial and practical development of the idea, it is probable that the world may look to others. The world indeed will be supine if it do not realise that a new possibility has come to it and that the great universal highway overhead is now soon to be opened.”
The Balloon as an Instrument of Scientific Research
Authors: Bacon John M. 
Published: February 2017

A paper read at the Society of Arts on Wednesday, Feb. 15, 1899; Captain Baden Powell, Hon. Secretary to the Aeronautical Society of Groat Britain, in the chair.In the first years of the century, the Russian Academy organised, at St. Petersburg, what may be regarded as the earliest balloon ascent for genuine scientific research. One chief object which they had in view was to determine any difference in conditions existing at various altitudes above plain country as compared with those observed by Humboldt, Saussure, and ethers a t like elevations on mountain heights, and that this is even still an important line of inquiry for which balloons are eminently well suited, I shall hope to make sufficiently clear. The experiments proposed, which, to–day, read quaintly suggestive', were to include an investigation of the power of solar rays, of the existence of electric matter, and of the intensity of the colours of the prism. No results of consequence, however, were obtained.
A Method of Steering Balloons during Ascent and Descent
Authors: Biddle D. 
Published: February 2017

The principle of this invention consists in giving lateral motion to balloons by utilizing the resistance of the air, during successive ascents and descents, by means of a large triangular sail, placed between the bag and the car at an oblique angle with the horizon; and in rotating them at will by means of a smaller rudder–sail, which is capable of turning on a horizontal axis. The sails are constructed to furl readily.The principle was first applied to a buoy, depressed to the bottom of a running stream. As it rose it could be made to turn in either direction, according to the setting of the rudder, and would proceed in a course opposed to the stream if thus directed, and all by passive means. When weighted it would act similarly during descent. On removal of the weight, it would continue its course whilst re–ascending, and so on. Anyone can experiment for himself, at a trifling cost, in this way.
Long-Distance Ballooning
Authors: Osborne Mance H. 
Published: February 2017

A report has been going the rounds of the press abroad to the effect that a party of German aeronauts contemplate making an experimental long–distance balloon trip, starting from Germany and travelling in an easterly direction, the object of the voyage being to discover experimentally how long a balloon may (remain in the air before coming to the ground.Whether there is any foundation for this report or not, there can be no doubt that experiments of this kind are necessary for the advancement of the science of aeronautics. Long–distance ballooning has been hitherto neglected, as far as practical trials are concerned.
The Balloon Work of the Late Mr. Henry Coxwell
Authors: Bruce Eric Stuart 
Published: February 2017

In the last number of this journal, it was my sad duty to chronicle the death of Mr. Coxwell. In another part of the same issue some aeronautical suggestions from the celebrated balloonist, bearing on the present war, appeared, showing that he maintained the ardour in aerial affaire that characterised his life to its very end.Henry Coxwell was born on March 2nd, 1819, at Wouldham. He was the son of a gallant naval officer. From the day that, through a telescope, he espied the balloon ascent of Mr. Green, at Rochester, he conceived the passion for aeronautics, that in later years transformed the pastime into a profession, and bore results which have considerably influenced both military and scientific ballooning.Young Coxwell began earnest life as a dentist, and for some years, combined a considerable amount of balloon experience as an amateur with this profession. But the earnestness of his aeronautical talents prevailed, and in time he became the professional aeronaut, devoting himself to that calling with the utmost ardour.
Across-Channel Communication by Kite
Authors: Salmon S. H. R. 
Published: February 2017

On the 10th February, 1900, a kite flown by M. Delcourt, at Calais, France, broke away, and, dragging its line through the sea, landed at Burmarsh, England, a distance of 35 miles.This suggested to me to test the possibility of delivering a message in France from England by kite.On the 14th April, 1906, in an E N E wind, blowing about 30 miles an hour, I flew a diamond shaped box-kite (provided with keel for extra stability), and, attaching the line of 400 feet to a drag 30 feet long, and weighing 12 pounds, launched the apparatus from the beach at Brighton. A message, enclosed in a wooden bottle, was suspended from the body of the kite, asking for information from the finder, but no tidings have yet come to hand.
Experiments relative to Equilibrium and Angle of Fall in Gliding Flight
Authors: Blackden L. S. 
Published: February 2017

Recent experiments have led me in two directions—both a good deal governed by considerations of construction, which, in any case, is always poor.In one direction I improved the steadiness of flight, but was very dissatisfied with the angle of fall; in the other direction I improved, by diminishing, the angle of fall, but was extremely dissatisfied with the steadiness of flight.In trying different wing profiles—such as could be easily made by bending a piece of thin cardboard, I found the steadiest forms were those that required the centre of gravity to be furthest, forward, but they did not give good angles, while the best angles were given by shapes which, wherever the centre of gravity was, would always pitch forward unless controlled by a large and well turned up tail.It appeared probable that in the steady form with the bad angle all the lift came from a limited part of the wing near the forward edge, while the bulk of the after part of the surface acted more or less as a steadying rudder or tail.
The Right to Fly
Authors: Wallace Roger 
Published: February 2017

On the last occasion I had the honour of attending a meeting of this Society the members were expressing their admiration of the great work done by the late Wilbur Wright. This consisted in first studying the known suggested theories governing the physical laws of flight, and then, after much patient labour, embodying the result of his reflections in the form of an aerial apparatus. Then at great personal risk, with his brother's aid, testing his apparatus as a glider until he was satisfied that a practical machine driven by power could be made; which he successfully accomplished and piloted with results well known to this Society.To-night we have to consider many theories governing a different kind of law and suggest means by which they can be reduced to practical regulations. We have not the same opportunities as the physicists, no official laboratories or opportunities for making experimental tests, and have to leave this to the cumbersome machinery of the administrative authorities of the governing political powers.
The Nomenclature and Notation of Aeroplane Rigid Dynamics
Authors: Bryan G. H. 
Published: February 2017

In applying the methods of rigid dynamics of three dimensions to the study of aeroplane motions, one of the first questions which had to be settled by myself and Mr. Harper in the preparation of “Stability in Aviation” was the choice of co–ordinate axes and the notation to be adopted for the various forces, couples and rates of variation of components of air resistance. Where, as in this case, the necessary symbols more than exhaust the ordinary alphabet, the problem is a difficult one, and it was therefore intended to insert a separate section explaining the advantages which rendered the choice adopted the only logically possible one.Unfortunately, at the time when “ Stability in Aviation “ was published, very great doubts existed as to the practical utility of any such investigation except as a subject of academic study in orthodox mathematical circles, and the work of preparing the book in the face of obstacles, partly arising from opposition, had proved such a strain that any further discussions on the subject would have been incompatible with my academic duties.
A Contribution to the Meteorology of the English Channel
Authors: Grant Hugh Duncan 
Published: February 2017

The weather of the English Channel and South East Coast of England, like that of other localities in the British Islands, is well known to be variable and subject to rapid changes which take place sometimes with little or no warning. These changes are in places complicated by such factors as the general contour of the cliffs, an abrupt fall of the land towards the south, and the effects of evaporation taking place continuously over the channel, and giving such a well defined local character to changes of wind as to mask temporarily the indications of an approaching disturbance.Much, however, can be ascertained by the study of the local cloud formation, wind structure, type of barometric curve, and temperature variation, and the following discussion of certain aspects of Channel meteorology is intended to explain the commoner variations of weather which occur in that area. The meteorological peculiarities of the Channel may be conveniently studied under the six separate headings of atmospheric depressions (primary and secondary), winds, mist and fog, thunderstorms, squalls and gales.
The genome of Chenopodium quinoa
Authors: Jarvis David E. , Ho Yung Shwen , Lightfoot Damien J. , Schmöckel Sandra M. , Li Bo , Borm Theo J. A. , Ohyanagi Hajime , Mineta Katsuhiko , Michell Craig T. , Saber Noha , Kharbatia Najeh M. , Rupper Ryan R. , Sharp Aaron R. , Dally Nadine , Boughton Berin A. , Woo Yong H. , Gao Ge , Schijlen Elio G. W. M. , Guo Xiujie , Momin Afaque A. , Negrão Sónia , Al-Babili Salim , Gehring Christoph , Roessner Ute , Jung Christian , Murphy Kevin , Arold Stefan T. , Gojobori Takashi , Linden C. Gerard van der , van Loo Eibertus N. , Jellen Eric N. , Maughan Peter J. , Tester Mark 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) is a highly nutritious grain identified as an important crop to improve world food security. Unfortunately, few resources are available to facilitate its genetic improvement. Here we report the assembly of a high-quality, chromosome-scale reference genome sequence for quinoa, which was produced using single-molecule real-time sequencing in combination with optical, chromosome-contact and genetic maps. We also report the sequencing of two diploids from the ancestral gene pools of quinoa, which enables the identification of sub-genomes in quinoa, and reduced-coverage genome sequences for 22 other samples of the allotetraploid goosefoot complex. The genome sequence facilitated the identification of the transcription factor likely to control the production of anti-nutritional triterpenoid saponins found in quinoa seeds, including a mutation that appears to cause alternative splicing and a premature stop codon in sweet quinoa strains. These genomic resources are an important first step towards the genetic improvement of quinoa.
Unravelling exceptional acetylene and carbon dioxide adsorption within a tetra-amide functionalized metal-organic framework
Authors: Moreau Florian , da Silva Ivan , Al Smail Nada H. , Easun Timothy L. , Savage Mathew , Godfrey Harry G. W. , Parker Stewart F. , Manuel Pascal , Yang Sihai , Schröder Martin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism of gas-sorbent interactions is of fundamental importance for the design of improved gas storage materials. Here we report the binding domains of carbon dioxide and acetylene in a tetra-amide functionalized metal-organic framework, MFM-188, at crystallographic resolution. Although exhibiting moderate porosity, desolvated MFM-188a exhibits exceptionally high carbon dioxide and acetylene adsorption uptakes with the latter (232 cm3 g−1 at 295 K and 1 bar) being the highest value observed for porous solids under these conditions to the best of our knowledge. Neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering studies enable the direct observation of the role of amide groups in substrate binding, representing an example of probing gas-amide binding interactions by such experiments. This study reveals that the combination of polyamide groups, open metal sites, appropriate pore geometry and cooperative binding between guest molecules is responsible for the high uptakes of acetylene and carbon dioxide in MFM-188a.
Rad52 competes with Ku70/Ku86 for binding to S-region DSB ends to modulate antibody class-switch DNA recombination
Authors: Zan Hong , Tat Connie , Qiu Zhifang , Taylor Julia R. , Guerrero Justin A. , Shen Tian , Casali Paolo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAntibody class-switch DNA recombination (CSR) is initiated by AID-introduced DSBs in the switch (S) regions targeted for recombination, as effected by Ku70/Ku86-mediated NHEJ. Ku-deficient B cells, however, undergo (reduced) CSR through an alternative(A)-NHEJ pathway, which introduces microhomologies in S–S junctions. As microhomology-mediated end-joining requires annealing of single-strand DNA ends, we addressed the contribution of single-strand annealing factors HR Rad52 and translesion DNA polymerase θ to CSR. Compared with their Rad52+/+ counterparts, which display normal CSR, Rad52−/− B cells show increased CSR, fewer intra-Sμ region recombinations, no/minimal microhomologies in S–S junctions, decreased c-Myc/IgH translocations and increased Ku70/Ku86 recruitment to S-region DSB ends. Rad52 competes with Ku70/Ku86 for binding to S-region DSB ends. It also facilitates a Ku-independent DSB repair, which favours intra-S region recombination and mediates, particularly in Ku absence, inter-S–S recombination, as emphasized by the significantly greater CSR reduction in Rad52−/− versus Rad52+/+ B cells on Ku86 knockdown.
Recurring RNA structural motifs underlie the mechanics of L1 stalk movement
Authors: Mohan Srividya , Noller Harry F 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe L1 stalk of the large ribosomal subunit undergoes large-scale movements coupled to the translocation of deacylated tRNA during protein synthesis. We use quantitative comparative structural analysis to localize the origins of L1 stalk movement and to understand its dynamic interactions with tRNA and other structural elements of the ribosome. Besides its stacking interactions with the tRNA elbow, stalk movement is directly linked to intersubunit rotation, rotation of the 30S head domain and contact of the acceptor arm of deacylated tRNA with helix 68 of 23S rRNA. Movement originates from pivoting at stacked non-canonical base pairs in a Family A three-way junction and bending in an internal G-U-rich zone. Use of these same motifs as hinge points to enable such dynamic events as rotation of the 30S subunit head domain and in flexing of the anticodon arm of tRNA suggests that they represent general strategies for movement of functional RNAs.
Phylointeractomics reconstructs functional evolution of protein binding
Authors: Kappei Dennis , Scheibe Marion , Paszkowski-Rogacz Maciej , Bluhm Alina , Gossmann Toni Ingolf , Dietz Sabrina , Dejung Mario , Herlyn Holger , Buchholz Frank , Mann Matthias , Butter Falk 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMolecular phylogenomics investigates evolutionary relationships based on genomic data. However, despite genomic sequence conservation, changes in protein interactions can occur relatively rapidly and may cause strong functional diversification. To investigate such functional evolution, we here combine phylogenomics with interaction proteomics. We develop this concept by investigating the molecular evolution of the shelterin complex, which protects telomeres, across 16 vertebrate species from zebrafish to humans covering 450 million years of evolution. Our phylointeractomics screen discovers previously unknown telomere-associated proteins and reveals how homologous proteins undergo functional evolution. For instance, we show that TERF1 evolved as a telomere-binding protein in the common stem lineage of marsupial and placental mammals. Phylointeractomics is a versatile and scalable approach to investigate evolutionary changes in protein function and thus can provide experimental evidence for phylogenomic relationships.