bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Interaction between Magnetic Rossby Waves and Tachocline Differential Rotation in Producing Solar Seasons
Authors: Dikpati Mausumi , McIntosh Scott W. , Bothun Gregory , Cally Paul S. , Ghosh Siddhartha S. , Gilman Peter A. , Umurhan Orkan M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We present a nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic shallow-water model for the solar tachocline (MHD-SWT) that generates quasi-periodic tachocline nonlinear oscillations (TNOs) that can be identified with the recently discovered solar “seasons.” We discuss the properties of the hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic Rossby waves that interact with the differential rotation and toroidal fields to sustain these oscillations, which occur due to back-and-forth energy exchanges among potential, kinetic, and magnetic energies. We perform model simulations for a few years, for selected example cases, in both hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic regimes and show that the TNOs are robust features of the MHD-SWT model, occurring with periods of 2–20 months. We find that in certain cases multiple unstable shallow-water modes govern the dynamics, and TNO periods vary with time. In hydrodynamically governed TNOs, the energy exchange mechanism is simple, occurring between the Rossby waves and differential rotation. But in MHD cases, energy exchange becomes much more complex, involving energy flow among six energy reservoirs by means of eight different energy conversion processes. For toroidal magnetic bands of 5 and 35 kG peak amplitudes, both placed at 45° latitude and oppositely directed in north and south hemispheres, we show that the energy transfers responsible for TNO, as well as westward phase propagation, are evident in synoptic maps of the flow, magnetic field, and tachocline top-surface deformations. Nonlinear mode–mode interaction is particularly dramatic in the strong-field case. We also find that the TNO period increases with a decrease in rotation rate, implying that the younger Sun had more frequent seasons.
A Radio Continuum Study of Dwarf Galaxies: 6 cm Imaging of LITTLE THINGS
Authors: Hindson Luke , Kitchener Ged , Brinks Elias , Heesen Volker , Westcott Jonathan , Hunter Deidre , Zhang Hong-Xin , Rupen Michael , Rau Urvashi 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we examine to what extent the radio continuum can be used as an extinction-free probe of star formation in dwarf galaxies. To that aim, we observe 40 nearby dwarf galaxies with the Very Large Array at 6 cm (4–8 GHz) in C-configuration. We obtained images with 3″–8″ resolution and noise levels of 3–15 μJy beam−1. We detected emission associated with 22 of the 40 dwarf galaxies, eight of which are new detections. The general picture is that of an interstellar medium largely devoid of radio continuum emission, interspersed by isolated pockets of emission associated with star formation. We find an average thermal fraction of ∼50%–70% and an average magnetic field strength of ∼5–8 μG, only slightly lower than that found in larger, spiral galaxies. At 100 pc scales, we find surprisingly high values for the average magnetic field strength of up to 50 μG. We find that dwarf galaxies follow the theoretical predictions of the radio continuum–star formation rate relation within regions of significant radio continuum emission but that the nonthermal radio continuum is suppressed relative to the star formation rate when considering the entire optical disk. We examine the far-infrared–star formation rate relation for our sample and find that the far-infrared is suppressed compared to the expected star formation rate. We discuss explanations for these observed relations and the impact of our findings on the radio continuum–far-infrared relation. We conclude that radio continuum emission at centimeter wavelengths has the promise of being a largely extinction-free star formation rate indicator. We find that star formation rates of gas-rich, low-mass galaxies can be estimated with an uncertainty of ±0.2 dex between the values of 2 × 10−4 and 0.1 M
⊙ yr−1.
Les indications géographiques au regard de la théorie des communs
Authors: Fournier Stéphane , Biénabe Estelle , Marie-Vivien Delphine , Durand Claire , Sautier Denis , Cerdan Claire 
Published: February 2018

Si, d’un point de vue théorique, les indications géographiques (IG) peuvent être considérées comme des biens de club ou des ressources communes, nous considérons que leur conception par les parties prenantes comme des ressources communes territoriales est un facteur clé de leur succès, via la coordination entre acteurs et l’articulation aux dynamiques territoriales que cela implique. À partir d’études de cas en Asie, Afrique et Amérique latine, nous montrons cependant la difficulté de l’instauration d’un mode de gestion approprié, du fait de la multiplicité des objectifs assignés aux IG, du possible désintérêt des acteurs si la valorisation de l’IG est jugée incertaine, et a contrario d’éventuelles appropriations par un groupe restreint si cette valorisation est avérée.
State updating and calibration period selection to improve dynamic monthly streamflow forecasts for an environmental flow management application
Authors: Gibbs Matthew S. , McInerney David , Humphrey Greer , Thyer Mark A. , Maier Holger R. , Dandy Graeme C. , Kavetski Dmitri 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Monthly to seasonal streamflow forecasts provide useful information for a
range of water resource management and planning applications. This work
focuses on improving such forecasts by considering the following two aspects:
(1) state updating to force the models to match observations from the start
of the forecast period, and (2) selection of a shorter calibration period
that is more representative of the forecast period, compared to a longer
calibration period traditionally used. The analysis is undertaken in the
context of using streamflow forecasts for environmental flow water management
of an open channel drainage network in southern Australia. Forecasts of
monthly streamflow are obtained using a conceptual rainfall–runoff model
combined with a post-processor error model for uncertainty analysis. This
model set-up is applied to two catchments, one with stronger evidence of
non-stationarity than the other. A range of metrics are used to assess
different aspects of predictive performance, including reliability,
sharpness, bias and accuracy. The results indicate that, for most scenarios
and metrics, state updating improves predictive performance for both observed
rainfall and forecast rainfall sources. Using the shorter calibration period
also improves predictive performance, particularly for the catchment with
stronger evidence of non-stationarity. The results highlight that a
traditional approach of using a long calibration period can degrade
predictive performance when there is evidence of non-stationarity. The
techniques presented can form the basis for operational monthly streamflow
forecasting systems and provide support for environmental decision-making.
Modelling the impact of mulching the soil with plant remains on water regime formation, crop yield and energy costs in agricultural ecosystems
Authors: Gusev Yeugeniy M. , Dzhogan Larisa Y. , Nasonova Olga N. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The model MULCH, developed by authors previously for simulating the formation of water regime in an agricultural field covered by straw mulch layer, has been used for the comparative evaluation of the efficiency of four agricultural cultivation technologies, which are usually used for wheat production in different regions of Russia and Ukraine. It simulates the dynamics of water budget components in a soil rooting zone at daily time step from the beginning of spring snowmelt to the beginning of the period with stable negative air temperatures. The model was designed for estimation of mulching efficiency in terms of increase in plant water supply and crop yield under climatic and soil conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe zones. It is used for studying the mulching effect on some characteristics of water regime and yield of winter wheat growing at specific sites located in semi-arid and arid regions of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the eastern and southern parts of the East-European (Russian) plain. In addition, a previously developed technique for estimating the energetic efficiency of various agricultural technologies with accounting for their impact on changes in soil energy is applied for the comparative evaluation of the efficiency of four agricultural cultivation technologies, which are usually used for wheat production in different regions of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the European Russia: (1) moldboard tillage of soil without irrigation, (2) moldboard tillage of soil with irrigation, (3) subsurface cultivation, and (4) subsurface cultivation with mulching the soil with plant remains.
Efeito de reservatório marinho na costa do Brasil
Authors: Macario Kita , Alves Eduardo Queiroz 
Published: February 2018

Em estudos cronológicos de processos ocorridos nos últimos 50 mil anos, a datação de carbono 14 é a abordagem mais utilizada em todo o mundo. Para permitir a correta interpretação das idades obtidas, faz-se necessária a calibração dos resultados com base em um robusto banco de dados produzido pela comunidade científica na área de radiocarbono. A calibração objetiva, principalmente, considerar as variações na produção e distribuição do 14C ao longo do tempo e, no caso do ambiente marinho, corrigir ainda que parcialmente o Efeito de Reservatório Marinho (Marine Reservoir Effect – MRE). De fato, dado que a magnitude do fenômeno aumenta com a profundidade e varia espacialmente em função da dinâmica oceânica, a simples calibração com uma curva marinha global é incapaz de lidar com a real variabilidade do efeito, rendendo resultados não acurados. Desse modo, considera-se também umacorreção local, denominada ΔR, com valores disponíveis na literatura para diversas regiões do globo. Assim, no procedimento que é atualmente o padrão adotado em estudos cronológicos, a correção local para o MRE antecede a calibração de uma idade de 14C marinha com a curva global. Aqui objetivamoselencar os valores de ΔR disponíveis para a costa brasileira, mostrando o impacto causado na calibração das idades de radiocarbono e a importância desse tipo de correção para estudos cronológicos baseados na datação de 14C de material marinho. Discutimos, finalmente, os problemas causados pela falta oupelo uso equivocado dessa correção
Sujetos sociales, escuelas y comunidades rurales. Disputas de poder en el escenario de la campaña bonaerense (1810-1875)
Authors: Lionetti Lucía 
Published: February 2018

¿Qué tipo de escuelas existieron en una sociedad de frontera signada por la ruralidad, la inestabilidad política y un fluido contacto inter e intra étnico? ¿Con qué propósitos fue pensada esa escolarización y que lugar ocupó en la conformación del orden político? ¿Qué tipo de relaciones se entretejieron entre las autoridades civiles, religiosas, los vecinos y preceptores? Estos interrogantes son los disparadores a partir de los cuales se analiza la presencia de las escuelas elementales en la campaña bonaerense (provincia de Buenos Aires) en el siglo xix. Bajo la iniciativa de extender la marca civilizadora de la alfabetización, sobre un mundo percibido como bárbaro y salvaje que habría promovido la «ruralización de la política », se proyectó esa voluntad alfabetizadora. Los conflictos, dificultades, tipos de prácticas educativas y el perfil de los preceptores serán explorados a partir de una valiosa bibliografía en diálogo con los repositorios documentales consultados —archivos locales, prensa y documentos oficiales—. Esa escolarización rural —antes de que se conformara en la provincia el sistema de educación común, gratuito y obligatorio en 1875— puso en evidencia las tensiones pero también los acuerdos entre esa sociedad y sus «costumbres en común» y un orden político estatal que buscó consolidarse en la provincia.
La Escuela Azul de Falange española de las J.O.N.S. Un proyecto fascista desmantelado por implosión
Authors: Canales Serrano Antonio Francisco 
Published: February 2018

Reseña del libro de José Ramón López Bausela, La Escuela Azul de Falange española de las J.O.N.S. Un proyecto fascista desmantelado por implosión
Ants of the Monomorium monomorium species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula with description of a new species from southwestern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sharaf Mostafa , Al Dhafer Hathal M. , Aldawood Abdulrahman S. , Hita Garcia Francisco 
Published: February 2018

We revise the taxonomy of the myrmicine ants of the Monomorium monomorium species-group for the Arabian Peninsula. Six species are recognized: Monomorium aeyade Collingwood & Agosti, 1996, M. clavicorne André, 1881, M. exiguum Forel, 1894, M. holothir Bolton, 1987, M. mohammedi sp. n., and M. sarawatense Sharaf & Aldawood, 2013. On the basis of the worker caste, we describe Monomorium mohammedi sp. n. from the southwestern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We designate a neotype for Monomorium aeyade Collingwood & Agosti and redescribe and illustrate the worker caste. Furthermore, we provide a worker-based species identification key, distribution maps for the treated species, and ecological and biological notes, if available. Monomorium holothir is recorded for the first time from the KSA. Also, we propose M. clavicorne var. punica Santschi, 1915a as a junior synonym of M. clavicorne, as well as M. dryhimi Aldawood & Sharaf, 2011 and M. montanum Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 to be treated as junior synonyms of Monomorium exiguum.
Unusual Differential Disease Entity of Right Lower Abdominal Pain, Ileal Diverticulitis Perforation: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Choi Pyong Wha , Joo Mee 
Published: February 2018

Introduction:
Small bowel diverticulum is a rare disease entity, and most cases are asymptomatic. However, diverticulitis can cause acute abdomen conditions like colonic diverticulitis. Depending on the location, various abdominal symptoms may ensue. Clinical manifestations of ileal diverticulitis may be similar to those of appendicitis and or colonic diverticulitis. Thus, making a diagnosis based on a physical examination alone may be challenging. Even though imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) may provide clues for a definite diagnosis, the majority of cases are confirmed through operation. Here, we present 3 cases of ileal diverticulitis perforation, which were not diagnosed preoperatively.

Case presentation:
A 71-year-old man, a 77-year-old woman, and a 78-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain. All 3 patients showed local peritoneal irritation signs in the right lower quadrant. Appendicitis or colonic diverticulitis was suspected, but CT scan results revealed free air and mesenteric fat infiltration around the terminal ileum, suggesting ileal perforation. During the operation in each case, terminal ileal perforation was confirmed, and ileocecal resection was performed. Subsequently, histologic examination revealed ileal diverticulitis perforation. Although the postoperative course was uneventful in the first and second patient, the third patient died of sepsis resulting from anastomosis leakage.

Conclusion:
These cases put forth unusual causes of right lower quadrant pain, which show physical findings similar to those of diverse inflammatory disease. Awareness of this disease is beneficial for making a differential diagnosis based on CT findings and eliciting prompt surgical management.
Characterization by Scanning Precession Electron Diffraction of an Aggregate of Bridgmanite and Ferropericlase Deformed at HP‐HT
Authors: Nzogang B. C. , Bouquerel J. , Cordier P. , Mussi A. , Girard J. , Karato S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractScanning precession electron diffraction is an emerging promising technique for mapping phases and crystal orientations with short acquisition times (10–20 ms/pixel) in a transmission electron microscope similarly to the Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) or Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) techniques in a scanning electron microscope. In this study, we apply this technique to the characterization of deformation microstructures in an aggregate of bridgmanite and ferropericlase deformed at 27 GPa and 2,130 K. Such a sample is challenging for microstructural characterization for two reasons: (i) the bridgmanite is very unstable under electron irradiation, (ii) under high stress conditions, the dislocation density is so large that standard characterization by diffraction contrast are limited, or impossible. Here we show that detailed analysis of intracrystalline misorientations sheds some light on the deformation mechanisms of both phases. In bridgmanite, deformation is accommodated by localized, amorphous, shear deformation lamellae whereas ferropericlase undergoes large strains leading to grain elongation in response to intense dislocation activity with no evidence for recrystallization. Plastic strain in ferropericlase can be semiquantitatively assessed by following kernel average misorientation distributions.
Storm Time Variation of Radiative Cooling by Nitric Oxide as Observed by TIMED‐SABER and GUVI
Authors: Bharti Gaurav , Sunil Krishna M. V. , Bag T. , Jain Puneet 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe variation of O/N2 (reference to N2 column density 1017 cm−2) and nitric oxide radiative emission flux exiting the thermosphere have been studied over the Northern Hemisphere during the superstorm event of 7–12 November 2004. The data have been obtained from Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) on board the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. The NO radiative flux is observed to show an anti‐correlation with O/N2 on a global scale. Both NO radiative flux and O/N2 ratio show equatorward motion with maximum penetration in western longitude sectors. A local variation of O, O2, and N2 densities have been calculated using NRLMSISE‐00 model over a midlatitude location (55°N,180°E). On a local scale, model calculated O/O2 and O/N2 ratios are found to follow the observations made by GUVI. The collisional excitation of NO with atomic oxygen is the most dominant process for the total cooling rate. The SABER‐retrieved NO cooling rate (CR) at a local site suggests an enhancement during the storm period with the peak emission rate closely correlated to the progression of the storm. The peak emission altitude of NO CR moves upward during the main phase of the storm. The NO abundance has been calculated by using cooling rate and Nitric Oxide Empirical Model (NOEM) model. Both these suggest a vary large (3–15 times) increase in NO density during the storm, which is required to account the changes in NO radiative flux. A similar kind of enhancement in NO abundance is also noticed in Student Nitric Oxide Explorer observations during intense geomagnetic storms.
Seasonal Cycles of Oceanic Transports in the Eastern Subpolar North Atlantic
Authors: Gary Stefan F. , Cunningham Stuart A. , Johnson Clare , Houpert Loïc , Holliday N. Penny , Behrens Erik , Biastoch Arne , Böning Claus W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) may play a role in sea surface temperature predictions on seasonal to decadal time scales. Therefore, AMOC seasonal cycles are a potential baseline for interpreting predictions. Here we present estimates for the seasonal cycle of transports of volume, temperature, and freshwater associated with the upper limb of the AMOC in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic on the Extended Ellett Line hydrographic section between Scotland and Iceland. Due to weather, ship‐based observations are primarily in summer. Recent glider observations during other seasons present an opportunity to investigate the seasonal variability in the upper layer of the AMOC. First, we document a new method to quality control and merge ship, float, and glider hydrographic observations. This method accounts for the different spatial sampling rates of the three platforms. The merged observations are used to compute seasonal cycles of volume, temperature, and freshwater transports in the Rockall Trough. These estimates are similar to the seasonal cycles in two eddy‐resolving ocean models. Volume transport appears to be the primary factor modulating other Rockall Trough transports. Finally, we show that the weakest transports occur in summer, consistent with seasonal changes in the regional‐scale wind stress curl. Although the seasonal cycle is weak compared to other variability in this region, the amplitude of the seasonal cycle in the Rockall Trough, roughly 0.5–1 Sv about a mean of 3.4 Sv, may account for up to 7–14% of the heat flux between Scotland and Greenland.
Diagnostic Characteristics of Submesoscale Coastal Surface Currents
Authors: Soh Hyun Sup , Kim Sung Yong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSubmesoscale kinetic energy (KE) spectra and fluxes at the length scales ranging from 2 to 25 km are estimated from hourly and O(1) km‐scale coastal surface current maps observed from shore‐based high‐frequency radars off southern San Diego. The one‐dimensional wave number‐domain KE spectra of the surface currents have decay slopes between
and
at a wave number (k) of 0.5 km−1. The KE spectra exhibit anisotropy associated with anisotropic circulation, which is constrained by the shoreline and bottom bathymetry. Moreover, the KE spectra exhibit weak seasonality related to the regional submesoscale eddies and low‐frequency circulation with weak seasonal variability. The estimated KE fluxes are categorized into four cases of purely forward cascades and inverse cascades at all wave numbers, inverse‐then‐forward cascades with a single zero‐crossing within the range of wave numbers (0.04 to 0.5 km−1), and residuals, which account for approximately 33%, 39%, 19%, and 9% of the total number of realizations, respectively. An injection scale where forward enstrophy cascade and inverse energy cascade occur is estimated to be 5 to 10 km from the cases of the inverse‐then‐forward cascade, which is consistent with the length scales of the regional submesoscale eddies. Thus, the regional submesoscale processes are initiated by surface frontogenesis due to the weak seasonal low‐frequency surface circulation and topography‐related currents, then maintained by baroclinic instabilities associated with the seasonal mixed layer and O(10) km‐scale submesoscale eddies with weak seasonal variability.
Copper (I) Selenocyanate (CuSeCN) as a Novel Hole‐Transport Layer for Transistors, Organic Solar Cells, and Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wijeyasinghe Nilushi , Tsetseris Leonidas , Regoutz Anna , Sit Wai‐Yu , Fei Zhuping , Du Tian , Wang Xuhua , McLachlan Martyn A. , Vourlias George , Patsalas Panos A. , Payne David J. , Heeney Martin , Anthopoulos Thomas D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of copper (I) selenocyanate (CuSeCN) and its application as a solution‐processable hole‐transport layer (HTL) material in transistors, organic light‐emitting diodes, and solar cells are reported. Density‐functional theory calculations combined with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to elucidate the electronic band structure, density of states, and microstructure of CuSeCN. Solution‐processed layers are found to be nanocrystalline and optically transparent (>94%), due to the large bandgap of ≥3.1 eV, with a valence band maximum located at −5.1 eV. Hole‐transport analysis performed using field‐effect measurements confirms the p‐type character of CuSeCN yielding a hole mobility of 0.002 cm2 V−1 s−1. When CuSeCN is incorporated as the HTL material in organic light‐emitting diodes and organic solar cells, the resulting devices exhibit comparable or improved performance to control devices based on commercially available poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate as the HTL. This is the first report on the semiconducting character of CuSeCN and it highlights the tremendous potential for further developments in the area of metal pseudohalides.