bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern Management Pedagogies and the Big Business of Business Education
Authors: Grant-Smith Deanna , Donnet Tim 
Published: January 2017

<p class="JLDBodyText1"><em>Management education has the potential to play a vital role in today’s dynamic business environment. M</em><em>anagement degrees continue to experience strong enrolments at both the undergraduate and postgraduate level. However, despite, or perhaps as a result of this popularity, management educators face a number of challenges associated with the changing demographics of the student cohort and the large size of classes. Responding to these challenges has resulted in the need for management educators to adopt innovative teaching strategies. <strong></strong></em></p><p class="JLDBodyText1"><em>This special issue of the Journal of Learning Design considers a range of pedagogical innovations and reflections that are focussed on these challenges and what they mean for the ways management education is done in and beyond the classroom. </em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p class="JLDBodyText1"><em> </em></p>
Errors in Second/Foreign Language Learning and Their Interpretations
Authors: Wood Julia Falla 
Published: January 2017

The aim of this article is to try to understand why the results of studies on errors in second language learning undertaken for several decades are diverse or even divergent. Some of these studies state that the mother tongue (L1) plays an important role in the learning process not only at the beginning, but also at higher levels of competency while others deny the influence of the mother tongue. The results of 60 studies on errors over a period of 40 years were contrasted to find out if a link existed between the theoretical foundations, and the interpretation of data, and conclusions of those studies. The results of the meta-analysis of studies whose theoretical foundations were related to operational cognitive strategies showed a continuum from partial to an important role of L1, and those related to order of acquisition, universal sequences showed a non-influence of L1. Another possible cause for this discrepancy was found in the method used to classify the errors. Finally, a possible cause could have been the methodological difficulties concerning the reliability and validity of the data. Only one third of the studies applied the control of bias and the triangulation of data.
The Government of Canada and Intangible Cultural Heritage
Authors: Pocius Gerald L. 
Published: January 2017

Over the past twenty years, what constitutes a culture’s heritage has been debated amongst those responsible for governmental policies, as well as the constituents that governments serve. While heritage has often focused on tangible items – architecture and the material world – recent policies have broadened the focus to include the intangible: knowledge, ideas, performances, beliefs handed down for generations. Many national and international agencies – lead by UNESCO – now have policies and programs that deal with intangible cultural heritage (ICH). Within the Canadian context, the federal government has had differing interpretations of the importance of this type of heritage. Most recently, in spite of initial involvement in its drafting, the Department of Canadian Heritage has decided not to support UNESCO’s new international ICH Convention, which went into force in April, 2006, and now includes more than 160 countries that have ratified it. Historically, provincial governments and NGOs across Canada have been more involved with ICH, and it is here that the most recent initiatives are occurring. The changing stance of the Department of Canadian Heritage on this topic may well be related to specific figures involved, unspoken fears of legal repercussions, and the lobbying of special interest heritage groups.
La captation patrimoniale des savoir-faire horlogers au risque de leur transmission
Authors: Munz Hervé 
Published: January 2017

À partir d’une ethnographie de la transmission du métier d’horloger réalisée dans diverses écoles professionnelles de l’Arc jurassien suisse, cet article entend critiquer le paradigme de « patrimoine culturel immatériel » et l’ambition de sauvegarde des « savoir-faire traditionnels » qu’exprime laConvention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel(2003) de l’UNESCO. La description de caractéristiques propres à la didactique professionnelle et à la manière dont les acteurs qui la mettent en oeuvre qualifient ce qu’est une compétence en horlogerie permet tout d’abord de montrer que la Convention ne peut pas constituer un opérateur de transmission du savoir horloger. En deuxième lieu, il convient de relever que la figure de la transmission que la Convention met en exergue est anthropocentrée et que les dynamiques d’apprentissage du métier dans le cadre scolaire l’invalident. Elles font en effet des objets d’importants opérateurs de transmission de la gestualité et des techniques horlogères. Enfin, l’auteur fait voir que la distinction entre paradigme pédagogique (basé sur un impératif de transparence) et paradigme initiatique (qui fait la part belle aux secrets) ne permet pas de caractériser l’apprentissage dans le cadre des écoles d’horlogerie. La transmission horlogère s’opère également dans des pratiques de voilement/dévoilement sans que l’explicitation des savoirs en soit toujours une condition, ce qui contrarie fortement le principe de sauvegarde qu’incarne la Convention.
« Passions ordinaires »1 ou nouveaux objets patrimoniaux ?
Authors: Lamothe Mathilde 
Published: January 2017

Le thème du sport est longtemps resté un champ d’études inexploré – voire même une « sous-culture » – en raison de son caractère peu « scientifique », sa connotation populaire ou associée à la vie quotidienne. Pourtant le sport et la culture restent liés de manière intrinsèque puisqu’il révèle des facettes particulières de la société qui le façonne et permet d’analyse des fondements et des évolutions de notre culture. L’étude du patrimoine sportif et de la patrimonialisation de pratiques sportives apparait comme un nouvel objet d’étude, apportant un éclairage sur les processus de transmission de ces expressions culturelles dans le temps et dans l’espace. Ces jeux ou sports traditionnels s’ancrent dans la modernité en évoluant techniquement, institutionnellement et structurellement; tout en exprimant les valeurs reconnues par l’UNESCO en tant que patrimoine culturel immatériel.
Electromagnetic and material contributions to stress, energy, and momentum in metamaterials
Authors: Kemp B. A. , Sheppard C. J. 
Published: January 2017

We demonstrate modeling of the field-kinetic and material response subsystem for various media and extend the models to dispersive negative index metamaterials. It is shown that neither the Minkowski or Abraham models are universally correct, as demonstrated to describe metamaterials under both the field-kinetic and wave SEM models for various applications such as negative refraction, perfect lensing, and invisibility cloaking.
Evaluation of the woman with postmenopausal bleeding: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound‐Sponsored Consensus Conference statement.
Authors: Goldstein R B , Bree R L , Benson C B , Benacerraf B R , Bloss J D , Carlos R , Fleischer A C , Goldstein S R , Hunt R B , Kurman R J , Kurtz A B , Laing F C , Parsons A K , Smith-Bindman R , Walker J 
Published: January 2017

A panel of 14 physicians practicing medicine in the United States with expertise in radiology, obstetrics and gynecology, gynecologic oncology, hysteroscopy, epidemiology, and pathology was convened by the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound to discuss the role of sonography in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Broad objectives of this conference were (1) to advance understanding of the utility of different diagnostic techniques for evaluating the endometrium in women with postmenopausal bleeding; (2) to formulate useful and practical guidelines for evaluation of women with postmenopausal bleeding, specifically as it relates to the use of sonography; and (3) to offer suggestions for future research projects.October 24 and 25, 2000, Washington, DC, preceding the annual Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Advances in Sonography conference.Specific questions to the panel included the following: (1) What are the relative effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of using transvaginal sonography versus office (nondirected) endometrial biopsy as the initial examination for a woman with postmenopausal bleeding? (2) What are the sonographic standards for evaluating a woman with postmenopausal bleeding? (3) What are the abnormal sonographic findings in a woman with postmenopausal bleeding? (4) When should saline infusion sonohysterography or hysteroscopy be used in the evaluation of postmenopausal bleeding? (5) Should the diagnostic approach be modified for patients taking hormone replacement medications, tamoxifen, or other selective estrogen receptor modulators?Consensus recommendations were used to create an algorithm for evaluating women with postmenopausal bleeding. All panelists agreed that because postmenopausal bleeding is the most common presenting symptom of endometrial cancer, when postmenopausal bleeding occurs, clinical evaluation is indicated. The panelists also agreed that either transvaginal sonography or endometrial biopsy could be used safely and effectively as the first diagnostic step. Whether sonography or endometrial biopsy is used initially depends on the physician's assessment of patient risk, the nature of the physician's practice, the availability of high‐quality sonography, and patient preference. Similar sensitivities for detecting endometrial carcinoma are reported for transvaginal sonography when an endometrial thickness of greater than 5 mm is considered abnormal and for endometrial biopsy when "sufficient" tissue is obtained. Currently, with respect to mortality, morbidity, and quality‐of‐life end points, there are insufficient data to comment as to which approach is more effective. The conference concluded by identifying several important unanswered questions and suggestions that could be addressed by future research projects.
Early second‐trimester low umbilical coiling index predicts small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses.
Authors: Degani S , Leibovich Z , Shapiro I , Gonen R , Ohel G 
Published: January 2017

To evaluate the role of the early second‐trimester Doppler velocimetric studies of the umbilical coiling index and umbilical cord cross‐sectional area as tests for the prediction of small‐for‐gestational age infants.Doppler blood flow studies in 147 singleton pregnancies at risk for delivery of a small‐for‐gestational‐age neonate were performed at 15 +/‐ 1 (SD) weeks' gestation from the uterine artery, umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, inferior vena cava, and ductus venosus. Pulsatility index values were calculated for the arteries, and preload index values and systolic‐atrial contraction ratios were calculated for the veins. The sonographic cross‐sectional area of the umbilical cord was measured in a plane adjacent to the insertion into the fetal abdomen. The umbilical coiling index was calculated by using sonographic longitudinal views of cord vessels from several segments antenatally and by dividing the total number of helices by cord length (centimeters) postnatally. Small‐for‐gestational‐age neonates were identified when the birth weight was below the 10th percentile for gestational age.Among 147 pregnancies studied, 124 fulfilled the study criteria. Thirty‐nine of the neonates were small for gestational age at birth (31.5%). The mean +/‐ SD gestational age at delivery of the appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age neonates was 39.7 +/‐ 1.28 weeks, and that of the small‐for‐gestational‐age neonates was 36.4 +/‐ 2.9 weeks (range, 28‐40 weeks). The best single predictor of a small‐for‐gestational‐age infant was the coiling index, with sensitivity of 79%, specificity of 86%, a positive predictive value of 72%, and a negative predictive value of 90%.The umbilical coiling index measured in the second trimester is useful in predicting the birth of a small‐for‐gestational‐age infant and may serve as a marker for subsequent growth restriction.
Flash echo gray scale imaging with subtraction in assessment of small hepatocellular carcinoma treated with percutaneous ethanol injection: preliminary report.
Authors: Wang J H , Lu S N , Changchien C S , Lee C M , Tung H D , Chen T M 
Published: January 2017

To assess the therapeutic effect of percutaneous ethanol injection on small hepatocellular carcinoma by using a flash echo imaging system, a newly developed technique for detecting echoes from microbubble contrast agents more efficiently.Six patients with 7 small nodular hepatocellular carcinomas, proved by fine‐needle aspiration cytologic or pathologic examination, were included. Percutaneous ethanol injection was performed until there was no intratumoral color signal on conventional color and power Doppler ultrasonography. A bubble contrast agent was then injected, and flash echo imaging in the subtraction mode was performed for assessment of the therapeutic effect. Dynamic computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and hepatic angiography were also used for evaluation of the therapeutic effect.Five tumors had perfusion defects that were equal in size to or larger than the tumors. No tumor stain was shown on hepatic angiography. Two tumors had partial perfusion defects. Viable tumors were confirmed by tumor resection in 1 case and cytologic examination in the other.Our preliminary results show that flash echo imaging with subtraction has potential value in evaluation of the therapeutic effect of percutaneous ethanol injection on small hepatocellular carcinoma.
Ultrasonography of the fetal thyroid: nomograms based on biparietal diameter and gestational age.
Authors: Ranzini A C , Ananth C V , Smulian J C , Kung M , Limbachia A , Vintzileos A M 
Published: January 2017

To describe gestational age‐dependent and ‐independent nomograms for fetal thyroid size.Two hundred fetuses were evaluated between 16 and 37 weeks' gestation in this cross‐sectional study.Nomograms of fetal thyroid size were created by using the 5th, 10th, 50th, 90th, and 95th percentiles based on biparietal diameter and gestational age. A second‐order polynomial fit for biparietal diameter and a linear fit for gestational age best described thyroid circumference measurements. Variations in thyroid circumference measurements increased with both larger biparietal diameter and advancing gestational age. There was no intraobserver or interobserver variability in thyroid circumference measurements (P > .20).Both biparietal diameter and gestational age serve as good predictors of fetal thyroid circumference. When the biparietal diameter is difficult to measure, gestational age can be used to assess thyroid size.
A reappraisal of amniotic fluid alpha‐fetoprotein measurement at the time of genetic amniocentesis and midtrimester ultrasonography.
Authors: Silver R K , Leeth E A , Check I J 
Published: January 2017

To evaluate the contemporary utility of amniotic fluid alpha‐fetoprotein measurement as a complementary test for fetal abnormalities at the time of invasive genetic testing.A review of amniotic fluid alpha‐fetoprotein test results was conducted to determine the frequency with which elevated alpha‐fetoprotein values added independent diagnostic information and altered clinical management. Amniotic fluid specimens processed for alpha‐fetoprotein between 1995 and 1998 were included. Elevated alpha‐fetoprotein cases were classified as either incidental to the fetal abnormality diagnosed or central to the identification of a fetal anomaly on the basis of whether an ultrasonographic examination had already identified the anomaly before amniocentesis. The costs associated with alpha‐fetoprotein testing were used to estimate the expenditure per pregnancy in which elevated alpha‐fetoprotein values would add discriminatory diagnostic value. A hypothetical national cost model was constructed to explore the utility of selective rather than routine amniotic fluid alpha‐fetoprotein measurement.Eighty‐two (3%) of 2769 amniotic fluid alpha‐fetoprotein values were elevated. In only 1 instance was the elevated result found to be partially discriminatory (e.g., an established diagnosis of microcephaly with an associated small encephalocele identified after the elevated amniotic fluid alpha‐fetoprotein value prompted repeated ultrasonographic assessment). Sixty‐one other neural tube defects were detected by ultrasonography alone (myelomeningocele, n = 28; anencephaly, n = 24; and encephalocele, n = 9). Thus, an elevated alpha‐fetoprotein result added diagnostic precision in only 1 (0.036%) of 2769 cases. Cost estimates suggested that routine amniotic fluid alpha‐fetoprotein assessment resulted in a $219,000 expenditure per informative case.Routine measurement of amniotic fluid alpha‐fetoprotein during amniocentesis may not be warranted in centers with expertise in targeted ultrasonographic imaging.
Comparison of axial reconstructed ultrasonographic images from three‐dimensional data volumes and computed tomographic scans in the documentation and detection of liver lesions.
Authors: Beissert M , Jenett M , Kessler C , Keberle M , Jahns R , Hahn D 
Published: January 2017

To compare axial reconstructed ultrasonographic images from three‐dimensional data volumes and conventional computed tomographic scans in documentation and detection of liver lesions.The livers of 23 patients were examined by a multifrequency curved array transducer to acquire three‐dimensional data volumes and by conventional computed tomography The ultrasonographic device was equipped with three‐dimensional ultrasonographic technology allowing for real‐time parallel movement in every plane within an acquired data volume. Axial ultrasonographic images reconstructed from three‐dimensional data volumes were compared with conventional computed tomographic scans.When both methods were taken together, a total of 51 different liver lesions could be detected. Reconstructed ultrasonographic images depicted 44 (86%) of 51 lesions, and computed tomographic scans showed 46 (90%) of 51 lesions. Compared with computed tomography, ultrasonography depicted 5 additional lesions in 3 of the patients (4 hemagiomas and 1 unspecified lesion), whereas 7 lesions were missed in another 4 patients (4 metastases, 2 calcifications, and 1 cyst). The Pearson correlation coefficient between ultrasonography and computed tomography was r = 0.84 (P < .001).Our study shows that ultrasonographic images can be effectively reconstructed from three‐dimensional data volumes. With respect to documentation and detection of liver lesions, the results obtained by three‐dimensional ultrasonography appear comparable with those obtained by conventional computed tomography. However, several technical and procedural limitations have to be respected.
AIUM Standard for the Performance of an Ultrasound Examination of the Abdomen or Retroperitoneum
Authors: Grant Edward G. , Barr Lori L. , Borgstede James , Gooding Gretchen A.W. , Hamper Ulrike M. , Hertzberg Barbara S. , Horrow Mindy , Kane Robert A. , Kremkau Frederick , Meilstrup Jon W. , Needleman Laurence , Piccoli Catherine W. , Townsend Ronald R. , Merritt Christopher R.B. , Perlmutter Gordon S. 
Published: January 2017

The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) is an educational, scientific, and professional society concerned with the advancement of the art and science of ultrasound in medicine and research. To promote this mission, the AIUM is pleased to publish, in conjunction with the American College of Radiology (ACR), the updated Standard for Performance of an Ultrasound Examination of the Abdomen or Retroperitoneum. We are indebted to the many volunteers who contributed their time, knowledge, and energy to bringing this document to completion.The AIUM represents the entire range of clinical and basic science interests in medical diagnostic ultrasound and with hundreds of volunteers, the AIUM has promoted the safe and effective use of ultrasound in clinical medicine for 50 years. This document, and others like it, will continue to advance this mission.Clinical Standards of the AIUM are intended to provide the medical ultrasound community with guidelines for the performance and recording of high quality ultrasound examinations. The standards reflect what the AIUM considers the minimum criteria for a complete examination in each area, but are not intended to establish a legal standard of care. AIUM accredited practices are expected to generally follow the standards with the recognition that deviations from the standards will be needed in some cases depending on patient needs and available equipment. Practices are encouraged to go beyond the standards to provide additional service and information as needed by their referring physicians and patients.
Three‐dimensional Sonographic Measurement of Liver Volume in the Small‐for‐Gestational‐Age Fetus
Authors: Kuno Atsushi , Hayashi Yoshinobu , Akiyama Masashi , Yamashiro Chizu , Tanaka Hirokazu , Yanagihara Toshihiro , Hata Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo assess the growth of the fetal liver in normal pregnancies and to evaluate the ability of fetal liver volume measurement for prediction of small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses.MethodsThree‐dimensional sonographic examinations were performed on 14 appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age and 10 small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses. Liver volume and liver length were measured every 2 weeks after 20 weeks" menstrual age until delivery.ResultsA curvilinear relationship was found between the menstrual age and liver volume (R2 = 88.4%; P < .0001), and a normal range of liver volume measurement for estimating the growth of the fetal liver during normal pregnancy was generated. Liver length was normal in 7 of 10 small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses, whereas liver volume values in all small‐forgestational‐age fetuses were below normal ranges in the mid to late third trimester.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that liver volume may be a useful measurement for diagnosing small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses in the mid to late third trimester but that liver length may not be predictive. Further studies involving a larger sample size would be needed to confirm this suggestion.
Diagnosis of Posterior Enterocele
Authors: Vierhout Mark E. , van der Plas-de Koning Yvonne W. C. M. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo describe a new ultrasonographic technique and to compare it with intraoperative findings in women with a suspected enterocele.MethodsAn observational study was conducted in the Department of Gynecology of a medium‐sized teaching hospital. Twenty‐nine patients with clinical and ultrasonographic diagnoses of an enterocele were reviewed. All patients had vaginal repair surgery, including a posterior repair in which the existence of an enterocele was confirmed or denied.ResultsIn 27 of the 29 patients, the enterocele was diagnosed as such during surgery and handled accordingly. The 2 enteroceles that were not confirmed were smaller types.ConclusionsRectal ultrasonographic findings were in good accordance with intraoperative anatomic characteristics. Rectal ultrasonography has the capability of diagnosing small, occult enteroceles. This can have important clinical implications in the prophylactic use of additional enterocele repair during hysterectomy or prolapse surgery.