bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergent and Divergent Validity of the Grammaticality and Utterance Length Instrument
Authors: Castilla-Earls Anny , Fulcher-Rood Katrina 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
This feasibility study examines the convergent and divergent validity of the Grammaticality and Utterance Length Instrument (GLi), a tool designed to assess the grammaticality and average utterance length of a child's prerecorded story retell.

Method
Three raters used the GLi to rate audio-recorded story retells from 100 English-speaking preschool children. To examine convergent validity, the results of the GLi were correlated with 2 language sample measures, mean length of utterance in words and percentage of grammatical utterances, and with the results of the Structured Photographic Expressive Language Test–Third Edition (Dawson, Stout, & Eyer, 2003). To examine divergent validity, the results of the GLi were correlated with the results of the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test–Second Edition (Kaufman & Kaufman, 2004). Comparisons between task completion time for the GLi and Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT; Miller & Iglesias, 2010) transcription and analysis were also conducted. Last, preliminary discriminant analysis was used to examine the diagnostic potential of the GLi.

Results
The results of this study provide evidence of convergent and divergent validity for the GLi. The task completion time for the GLi was considerably shorter than the SALT transcription and analysis. Preliminary analysis of diagnostic accuracy suggests that the GLi has the potential to be a good tool to identify children with language impairment.

Discussion
The GLi has good convergent and divergent validity and is a reliable instrument to assess utterance length and grammaticality of prerecorded language samples. However, SALT transcription and analysis provide a more detailed and comprehensive analysis of the language skills of a child.
Study of a sample of faint Be stars in the exofield of CoRoT
Authors: Semaan T. , Hubert A. M. , Zorec J. , Gutiérrez-Soto J. , Frémat Y. , Martayan C. , Fabregat J. , Eggenberger P. 
Published: January 2018

Context. The class of Be stars are the epitome of rapid rotators in the main sequence. These stars are privileged candidates for studying the incidence of rotation on the stellar internal structure and on non-radial pulsations. Pulsations are considered possible mechanisms to trigger mass-ejection phenomena required to build up the circumstellar disks of Be stars.
Aims. Time series analyses of the light curves of 15 faint Be stars observed with the CoRoT satellite were performed to obtain the distribution of non-radial pulsation (NRP) frequencies in their power spectra at epochs with and without light outbursts and to discriminate pulsations from rotation-related photometric variations.
Methods. Standard Fourier techniques were employed to analyze the CoRoT light curves. Fundamental parameters corrected for rapid-rotation effects were used to study the power spectrum as a function of the stellar location in the instability domains of the Hertzsprung–Russell (H-R) diagram.
Results. Frequencies are concentrated in separate groups as predicted for g-modes in rapid B-type rotators, except for the two stars that are outside the H-R instability domain. In five objects the variations in the power spectrum are correlated with the time-dependent outbursts characteristics. Time-frequency analysis showed that during the outbursts the amplitudes of stable main frequencies within 0.03 c d−1 intervals strongly change, while transients and/or frequencies of low amplitude appear separated or not separated from the stellar frequencies. The frequency patterns and activities depend on evolution phases: (i) the average separations between groups of frequencies are larger in the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) than in the terminal age main sequence (TAMS) and are the largest in the middle of the MS phase; (ii) a poor frequency spectrum with f ≲ 1 cd−1 of low amplitude characterizes the stars beyond the TAMS; and (iii) outbursts are seen in stars hotter than B4 spectral type and in the second half of the MS.
Conclusions. The two main frequency groups are separated by δf = (1.24 ± 0.28) × frot in agreement with models of prograde sectoral g-modes (m = −1, −2) of intermediate-mass rapid rotators. The changes of amplitudes of individual frequencies and the presence of transients correlated with the outburst events deserve further studies of physical conditions in the subatmospheric layers to establish the relationship between pulsations and sporadic mass-ejection events.
Translation to Brazilian Portuguese and Cultural Adaptation of the Craniocervical Dysfunction Index
Authors: Dias Ana , Doi Marcelo , Mesas Arthur , Fillis Michelle , Branco-Barreiro Fatima , Marchiori Luciana 
Published: January 2018

Introduction Functional disorders of the craniocervical region affect 77.78% of Brazilian teachers. Among the most common instruments used to assess craniocervical disorders in a detailed and objective way, none had been translated to Brazilian Portuguese and adapted to Brazilian culture.
Objectives To translate to Brazilian Portuguese and to culturally adapt the Craniocervical Dysfunction Index (CDI).
Method The first phase of the study consisted of the translation, synthesis, back-translation, and review of the contents by a committee of experts, who developed a trial version and sent all the steps to the original author. The trial version was applied to 50 teachers of an institution. The reliability and internal consistency were evaluated by Cronbach α. For the validation, the Brazilian Portuguese version of the CDI was correlated with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) domains for cervicalgia and evaluated by Spearman ρ.
Result Some expressions were adapted to the Brazilian culture. Among the participants who did not report neck pain in the VAS, 84.21% suffered from craniocervical dysfunction acording to the CDI. Among the participants who reported neck pain in the VAS, 100% suffered from craniocervical dysfunction according to the CDI. The CDI showed good internal consistency and satisfactory reliability measured by Cronbrach α (α = 0.717). There was a strong correlation between the CDI and the VAS score (ρ = 0.735).
Conclusion No difficulties were encountered in the translation and back-translation of the CDI, and no problems were observed regarding the trial version developed; therefore, the Brazilian Portuguese version of the CDI is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the functional alteration of the craniocervical region.
Efficacy and complications of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors and exploration for influencing factors
Authors: Song Shunzhe , Wang Xu , Zhang Shen , Li Yanxia , Zhang Xiaonan , Chu Xufang 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Background Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) has emerged as a feasible technique for resecting upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract submucosal tumors (SMTs) through natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery. STER reduces the risk of postoperative perforation and abdominal infections and promotes rapid wound healing. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of STER for small (≤ 3.5 cm) upper GI SMTs and explore the potential factors influencing STER’s efficacy and complication rate.
Methods Comprehensive literature searches were performed to find studies on STER for removal of SMTs. Several English-language databases were searched, including MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for the period January 2010 to June 2016. The medical terms “submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection or STER”, “upper gastrointestinal”, and “submucosal tumors” were used in the search. The primary outcome measures were the pooled estimates of the complete resection and en bloc resection rates. The secondary outcome measure was the pooled estimate of complications.
Result Twelve studies including 397 patients and 430 lesions were identified. The pooled estimate of the complete resection rate was 98.1 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 95.9 – 99.2 %). The pooled estimate of en bloc resection was 94.9 % (95 % CI: 91.1 – 97.1 %). The pooled estimate of gas-related complications such as pneumoperitoneum and subcutaneous emphysema was 21.5 % (95 % CI: 13.2 – 33.1 %). The pooled estimate of inflammation-related complications including pleural and abdominal effusion was 8.4 % (95 % CI: 5.6 – 12.3 %). Gas-related complications occurred more frequently in the esophagogastric junction than in the stomach. In addition, the pooled estimate of delayed bleeding was 2.2 % (95 % CI: 1.0 – 4.7 %).
Conclusion STER appeared to be an extremely effective technique for removing upper GI SMTs originating from the muscularis propria layer. In addition, the very low rate of complications also shows the safety of this technique. Tumor size, infiltration depth, and location may influence the complication rates.
Mothers of Massive Resistance
Authors: McRae Elizabeth Gillespie 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Examining racial segregation from 1920s to the 1970s, this book argues that white segregationist women constituted the grassroots workforce for racial segregation. For decades, they censored textbooks, campaigned against the United Nations, denied marriage certificates, celebrated school choice, and lobbied elected officials. They trained generations, built national networks, collapsed their duties as white mothers with those of citizenship, and experimented with a color-blind political discourse. Their work beyond legislative halls empowered the Jim Crow order with a flexibility and a kind of staying power. With white women at the center of the story, massive resistance and the rise of postwar conservatism rises out of white women’s grassroots work in homes, schools, political parties, and culture. Their efforts began before World War II and the Brown Decision and persisted past the removal of “white only” signs in 1964 and through the anti-busing protests. White women’s segregationist politics involved foreign affairs, economic policy, family values, strict constitutionalism, states’ rights, and white supremacy. It stretched across the nation and overlapped with and helped shape the rise of the New Right. In the end, this history compels us to confront the reign of racial segregation as a national story. It asks us to reconsider who sustained the Jim Crow order, who bears responsibility for the persistence of the nation’s inequities, and what it will take to make good on the nation’s promise of equality.
Encouraging Collaborative Remembering Between Young Children and Their Caregivers
Authors: Reese Elaine 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Parents support their children’s verbal memories from the time children begin to refer to the past, at around age one and a half years. When parents use elaborative reminiscing techniques in these conversations—through their sensitive use of open-ended questions containing new information, and confirmations of children’s responses—children’s autobiographical memory is strengthened. These benefits are evident for children’s collaborative remembering with parents and with other adults, and extend to children’s narrative, emotion understanding, and theory of mind skills. The mechanism for these effects is likely occurring through the verbal cues that parents are offering children for retrieving and consolidating their memories. Through elaborative reminiscing, parents are helping children to represent their memories in language, and through language to share them with others.
Quantum Statistical Field Theory
Authors: Horing Norman J. Morgenstern 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The methods of coupled quantum field theory, which had great initial success in relativistic elementary particle physics and have subsequently played a major role in the extensive development of non-relativistic quantum many-particle theory and condensed matter physics, are at the core of this book. As an introduction to the subject, this presentation is intended to facilitate delivery of the material in an easily digestible form to students at a relatively early stage of their scientific development, specifically advanced undergraduates (rather than second or third year graduate students), who are mathematically strong physics majors. The mechanism to accomplish this is the early introduction of variational calculus with particle sources and the Schwinger Action Principle, accompanied by Green’s functions, and, in addition, a brief derivation of quantum mechanical ensemble theory introducing statistical thermodynamics. Important achievements of the theory in condensed matter and quantum statistical physics are reviewed in detail to help develop research capability. These include the derivation of coupled field Green’s function equations of motion for a model electron-hole-phonon system, extensive discussions of retarded, thermodynamic and non-equilibrium Green’s functions, and their associated spectral representations and approximation procedures. Phenomenology emerging in these discussions includes quantum plasma dynamic, nonlocal screening, plasmons, polaritons, linear electromagnetic response, excitons, polarons, phonons, magnetic Landau quantization, van der Waals interactions, chemisorption, etc. Considerable attention is also given to low-dimensional and nanostructured systems, including quantum wells, wires, dots and superlattices, as well as materials having exceptional conduction properties such as superconductors, superfluids and graphene.
Liturgy in Byzantine Jerusalem
Authors: Galadza Daniel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In order to better understand the liturgical tradition of Jerusalem that was lost as a result of Byzantinization, this chapter presents the situation of the liturgy in Jerusalem between the fourth and the seventh centuries, describing the main churches of Jerusalem’s stational liturgy, in particular the Church of the Anastasis or Holy Sepulchre. Liturgical witnesses such as Cyril of Jerusalem and Egeria and texts used in Jerusalem’s liturgy such as lectionaries and hymnals are examined, with a particular focus on the structure of the eucharistic liturgy. After an overview of monastic liturgy in Jerusalem and Palestine, liturgical texts from Constantinople are presented in order that we understand the differences between Jerusalem and Constantinople in late antiquity. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the criteria for selecting liturgical manuscripts that reflect Byzantinization in Jerusalem.
The Liturgy of St James
Authors: Galadza Daniel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The Liturgy of St James, named after Jerusalem’s first bishop, was the original eucharistic liturgy of Jerusalem before it completely disappeared by the thirteenth century, being replaced by eucharistic liturgies from Constantinople. Thus, one of the litmus tests of liturgical Byzantinization in Jerusalem is the presence or absence of the Liturgy of St James in liturgical manuscripts. The chapter begins by analysing the content of all its known manuscripts, the majority of them being from the tenth through to the thirteenth centuries, in order to understand its structure. Hymns and scriptural readings in these manuscripts reveal the close connection between the structure of the eucharistic liturgy and Jerusalem’s calendar and lectionary. The chapter then presents hymns from the Liturgy of St James. With the decline of catecheses and mystagogies in Jerusalem after the Arab conquest, liturgical mystagogy was expressed through hymnography, revealing a theological tradition distinct from that of Constantinople.
The Liturgical Calendar of Jerusalem
Authors: Galadza Daniel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This chapter analyses commemorations of saints in the Liturgy of St James. Because of the complexity of liturgical calendars, several case studies are examined in order to give the reader a sense of how commemorations changed within the calendar. Closer attention is paid to John the Baptist, James the Brother of the Lord, and Protomartyr Stephen, who all had specific connections to Jerusalem and figured prominently in the city’s calendar and whose cult was also known in Constantinople. With these three, it is possible to examine not only the change of the date of their commemorations but also the changes in hymnography, psalmody, and scriptural readings associated with each commemoration. Analysis of each commemoration reveals distinct traditions of liturgical calendars, so that no one source perfectly matches another. This confirms the hypothesis that Byzantinization was implemented gradually and locally, as a kind of spontaneous liturgical reform.
Conclusion
Authors: Galadza Daniel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Returning to the present-day situation where the introduction left off, the conclusion examines the current liturgy of the Jerusalem patriarchate and the recently revived practice of the Liturgy of Saint James in the Byzantine rite throughout the Orthodox world, revealing liturgical practice that is caught in nineteenth-century romanticism and unaware of the authentic liturgical tradition of Jerusalem. The conclusion then summarizes the previous five chapters, showing that the liturgical Byzantinization of Jerusalem cannot be explained exclusively through changes to the surrounding historical context, such as the destruction of holy sites or Byzantine imperial ideology. Rather the explanation lies in a spontaneous liturgical reform carried out by scribes and monks in Jerusalem and Palestine who were familiar with the liturgical tradition of Constantinople. Further answers to the phenomenon of Byzantinization are to be found in Antioch, which also lost its local liturgical traditions at the expense of Byzantine liturgical influence.
SHORT-TERM EFFICACY OF CONBERCEPT AND RANIBIZUMAB FOR POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY
Authors: Huang Zhen , Ding Qin , Yan Min , Lian Haiyan , Chen Zhongshan , Chen Xiao , Song Yanping 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To compare the 6-month efficacy of the intravitreal injection of conbercept or ranibizumab for patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Methods:
This is a retrospective case–control study involved 79 PCV eyes of 77 patients. The PCV eyes were treated with an intravitreal injection of either ranibizumab (n = 44) or conbercept (n = 35). Three monthly loading doses were injected and followed by retreatment as needed. The best-corrected visual acuity and angiographic characteristics were evaluated after 6 months.

Results:
The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity had improved from 0.86 (Snellen equivalent, 20/145) at baseline to 0.70 (Snellen equivalent, 20/100) at 6 months in the conbercept group (P < 0.001), and from 0.74 (Snellen equivalent, 20/110) at baseline to 0.63 (Snellen equivalent, 20/85) at 6 months in the ranibizumab group (P = 0.032), respectively. The central foveal thickness was decreased from 407 ± 146 μm to 230 ± 71 μm in the conbercept group (P < 0.001), and from 394 ± 93 μm to 208 ± 56 μm in the ranibizumab group (P < 0.001). Polyps were completely regressed and in 21 (47.7%) eyes in the conbercept group at 6 months, significant higher than in 10 (28.6%) eyes in the ranibizumab group (P = 0.029).

Conclusion:
Both conbercept and ranibizumab effectively increased the visual acuity and regressed the polyps of PCV eyes. No significant difference was found in the visual acuity improvement of the patients with PCV between the conbercept group and ranibizumab group at 6 months. However, conbercept was superior to ranibizumab monotherapy in the regression of polyps.
Inpatient Outcomes for Gastrointestinal Bleeding Associated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Cholankeril George , Hu Menghan , Cholankeril Rosann , Khan Muhammad A. , Gadiparthi Chiran , Yoo Eric R. , Perumpail Ryan B. , Nair Satheesh , Howden Colin W. 
Published: January 2018

Goals:
The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of inpatient outcomes of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) related to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background:
With all-cause mortality increasing in patients undergoing PCIs, outcomes for GIB associated with PCI may be adversely impacted.

Study:
Using the National Inpatient Sample (2007 to 2012), we performed a nested case-control study assessing inpatient outcomes including incidence and mortality for PCI-related GIB hospitalizations. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine significant predictors for GIB incidence and mortality.

Results:
A total of 9332 (1.2%) of PCI hospitalizations were complicated by GIB with the age-adjusted incidence rate increasing 13% from 2007 (11.3 GIB per 1000 PCI) to 2012 (12.8). Patients ≥75 years of age experienced the steepest incline in GIB incidence, which increased 31% during the study period. Compared with non-GIB patients, mean length of stay (9.4 d vs. 3.3 d) and median cost of care ($29,236 vs. $17,913) was significantly higher. Significant demographic risk factors for GIB included older age and comorbid risk factors included gastritis or duodenitis, and Helicobacter pylori infection.
In total, 1044 (11%) of GIB patients died during hospitalization with the GIB mortality rate increasing 30% from 2007 (95 deaths per 1000 GIB) to 2012 (123). Older age had the strongest association with inpatient mortality.

Conclusions:
Inpatient incidence and mortality for PCI-related GIB has been increasing particularly with a large increase in incidence among older patients. A multidisciplinary approach focused on risk-stratifying patients may improve preventable causes of GIB.
Liquid Nitrogen Spray Cryotherapy is Associated With Less Postprocedural Pain Than Radiofrequency Ablation in Barrett’s Esophagus
Authors: Solomon Sanjeev S. , Kothari Shivangi , Smallfield George B. , Inamdar Sumant , Stein Peter , Rodriguez Viviana A. , Sima Adam P. , Bittner Krystle , Zfass Alvin M. , Kaul Vivek , Trindade Arvind J. 
Published: January 2018

Goals and Background:
Two common endoscopic therapies for eradication of dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus are radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy (LNC). There is no data comparing postprocedural pain. This study aimed to compare the incidence of postprocedural pain between the 2 ablation modalities.

Methods:
This is a multicenter prospective study in which pain intensity scores and the presence of dysphagia were assessed immediately before and after treatment, 48 hours posttreatment and at 3 weeks posttreatment using validated instruments.

Results:
Of 94 patients, 35 underwent LNC and 59 underwent RFA [36 with focal radiofrequency ablation (RFA-F) and 23 with circumferential radiofrequency ablation (RFA-C)]. Immediately posttreatment, patients in the LNC group reported an average Numeric Pain Scale score that was lower than in the RFA groups [LNC 0.41 vs. RFA-F 1.18 (P=0.026), LNC 0.41 vs. RFA-C 1.38 (P=0.010)]. These differences persisted at 48 hours posttreatment [LNC 0.76 vs. RFA-F 1.77 (P=0.013), LNC 0.76 vs. RFA-C 1.73 (P=0.018)]. The odds of pain after RFA were at least 5 times greater than after LNC [immediately posttreatment odds ratio, 5.26 (95% confidence interval, 1.85-14.29) and 48 h posttreatment odds ratio, 5.56 (95% confidence interval, 2.27-14.29)]. There was no difference in dysphagia after treatment in either group, at any time point (P=0.429).

Conclusion:
LNC was associated with less postprocedural pain when compared with RFA. These results help inform patients and physicians about the expected symptoms after ablative endotherapy.