bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotection of ischemic preconditioning is mediated by thioredoxin 2 in the hippocampal CA1 region following a subsequent transient cerebral ischemia
Authors: Lee Jae‐Chul , Park Joon Ha , Kim In Hye , Cho Geum‐Sil , Ahn Ji Hyeon , Tae Hyun‐Jin , Choi Soo Young , Cho Jun Hwi , Kim Dae Won , Kwon Young‐Guen , Kang Il Jun , Won Moo‐Ho , Kim Young‐Myeong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPreconditioning by brief ischemic episode induces tolerance to a subsequent lethal ischemic insult, and it has been suggested that reactive oxygen species are involved in this phenomenon. Thioredoxin 2 (Trx2), a small protein with redox‐regulating function, shows cytoprotective roles against oxidative stress. Here, we had focused on the role of Trx2 in ischemic preconditioning (IPC)‐mediated neuroprotection against oxidative stress followed by a subsequent lethal transient cerebral ischemia. Animals used in this study were randomly assigned to six groups; sham‐operated group, ischemia‐operated group, IPC plus (+) sham‐operated group, IPC + ischemia‐operated group, IPC + auranofin (a TrxR2 inhibitor) + sham‐operated group and IPC + auranofin + ischemia‐operated group. IPC was subjected to a 2 minutes of sublethal transient ischemia 1 day prior to a 5 minutes of lethal transient ischemia. A significant loss of neurons was found in the stratum pyramidale (SP) of the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) in the ischemia‐operated‐group 5 days after ischemia‐reperfusion; in the IPC + ischemia‐operated‐group, pyramidal neurons in the SP were well protected. In the IPC + ischemia‐operated‐group, Trx2 and TrxR2 immunoreactivities in the SP and its protein level in the CA1 were not significantly changed compared with those in the sham‐operated‐group after ischemia‐reperfusion. In addition, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression, superoxide anion radical (
) production, denatured cytochrome c expression and TUNEL‐positive cells in the IPC + ischemia‐operated‐group were similar to those in the sham‐operated‐group. Conversely, the treatment of auranofin to the IPC + ischemia‐operated‐group significantly increased cell damage/death and abolished the IPC‐induced effect on Trx2 and TrxR2 expressions. Furthermore, the inhibition of Trx2R nearly cancelled the beneficial effects of IPC on SOD2 expression,
production, denatured cytochrome c expression and TUNEL‐positive cells. In brief, this study shows that IPC conferred neuroprotection against ischemic injury by maintaining Trx2 and suggests that the maintenance or enhancement of Trx2 expression by IPC may be a legitimate strategy for therapeutic intervention of cerebral ischemia.
A systematic review of the surgical techniques for the treatment of internal nasal valve collapse: where do we stand?
Authors: Goudakos J.K. , Fishman J.M. , Patel K. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundA myriad of interventions have been described to address the restoration or preservation of the internal nasal valve, the narrowest portion of nasal airway.Objective of reviewTo review systematically available knowledge and evidence about management options of the collapse of the internal nasal valve area.Type of reviewSystematic review.Search strategyA MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and CENTRAL database search, followed by extensive hand searching for the identification of relevant studies.Evaluation methodReview of all English‐language studies addressing the treatment of the internal nasal valve collapse.ResultsFifty‐three studies were eventually identified and systematically reviewed. The majority (50 of 53) of the included articles are graded as level IV evidence and only one randomised trial was identified. The included randomised study reported no significant difference in improvement between the intervention group (autospreader flap) and placebo arms. The majority of the included studies presented in this systematic review provide level IV evidence concerning the optimal approach for cases of nasal valve collapse. Current research is driven more by reports of techniques than patient outcomes.ConclusionsProper evaluation and identification of the cause of the internal nasal valve collapse is paramount prior to selection of the preferred surgical solution. The three‐dimensional construction of the nasal valve implies that many pathologies cannot be restored by a single solution. Treatment approaches should be directed at specific involved sites. Present systematic review of the literature revealed that the available evidence is based on low‐level studies and focuses more on the description of various surgical techniques rather than on patient‐reported outcome measures. Future studies are needed, including homogenous patient groups, comparing different surgical techniques and incorporating patient‐reported outcome measures.
Social values and biodiversity conservation in a dynamic world
Authors: Dietsch Alia M. , Teel Tara L. , Manfredo Michael J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUnderstanding what shape values (which ultimately shape human behavior) will help improve the effectiveness of conservation solutions that depend on public support. To contribute to this understanding, we investigated the influence of societal‐level changes, such as modernization, on values in a multilevel framework. We collected survey responses (n = 4183) to questionnaires mailed to a random selection of households within each county in Washington (U.S.A.) (response rate 32%). We used multilevel modeling to determine the relationship between modernization (e.g., county‐level urbanization, wealth, and education) and wildlife value orientations (values that shape thought about wildlife) while controlling for individual‐level sociodemographics. We then explored how values influence conservation support at different levels (e.g., individual and county) and how values explain conservation support in a case study of public responses to wolf (Canis lupis) recovery. We found positive associations between county‐level examples of modernization and mutualism (a wildlife value orientation that prioritizes the perceived needs of wildlife) independent of a respondent's sociodemographics, and negative associations between modernization and domination (a wildlife value orientation that prioritizes human needs). Our results suggest that context has an additive impact on one's values; certain locations exhibited domination values, whereas others exhibited a mix of value types. This finding is important because actions that restrict human interests to promote biodiversity were negatively associated with domination and positively associated with mutualism. In the wolf case study, mutualism was strongly correlated with less social conflict over wolf recovery in many, but not all, counties (e.g., Pearson's r correlation = 0.59 in one county and a nonsignificant correlation in another). Our findings suggest that modernization operates on values within a state with implications for biodiversity, but other factors in addition to values must be investigated to fully understand what leads to proconservation behavior.
Comparison of conservation metrics in a case study of lemurs
Authors: Gudde Renske , Venditti Chris 
Published: April 2016

AbstractConservation planning is important to protect species from going extinct now that natural habitats are decreasing owing to human activity and climate change. However, there is considerable controversy in choosing appropriate metrics to weigh the value of species and geographic regions. For example, the added value of phylogenetic conservation‐selection criteria remains disputed because high correlations between them and the nonphylogenetic criteria of species richness have been reported. We evaluated the commonly used conservation metrics species richness, endemism, phylogenetic diversity (PD), and phylogenetic endemism (PE) in a case study on lemurs of Madagascar. This enabled us to identify the conservation target of each metric and consider how they may be used in future conservation planning. We also devised a novel metric that uses a phylogeny scaled according to the rate of phenotypic evolution as a proxy for a species’ ability to adapt to change. High rates of evolution may indicate generalization or specialization. Both specialization and low rates of evolution may result in an inability to adapt to changing environments. We examined conservation priorities by using the inverse of the rate of body mass evolution to account for species with low rates of evolution. In line with previous work, we found high correlations among species richness and PD (r= 0.96), and endemism and PE (r= 0.82) in Malagasy lemurs. Phylogenetic endemism in combination with rates of evolution and their inverse prioritized grid cells containing highly endemic and specialized lemurs at risk of extinction, such asAvahi occidentalisandLepilemur edwardsi, 2 endangered lemurs with high rates of phenotypic evolution and low‐quality diets, andHapalemur aureus, a critically endangered species with a low rate of body mass evolution and a diet consisting of very high doses of cyanide.
Use of ecoacoustics to determine biodiversity patterns across ecological gradients
Authors: Grant Paul B. C. , Samways Michael J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe variety of local animal sounds characterizes a landscape. We used ecoacoustics to noninvasively assess the species richness of various biotopes typical of an ecofriendly forest plantation with diverse ecological gradients and both nonnative and indigenous vegetation. The reference area was an adjacent large World Heritage Site protected area (PA). All sites were in a global biodiversity hotspot. Our results showed how taxa segregated into various biotopes. We identified 65 singing species, including birds, frogs, crickets, and katydids. Large, natural, protected grassland sites in the PA had the highest mean acoustic diversity (14.1 species/site). Areas covered in nonnative timber or grass species were devoid of acoustic species. Sites grazed by native and domestic megaherbivores were fairly rich (5.1) in acoustic species but none were unique to this habitat type, where acoustic diversity was greater than in intensively managed grassland sites (0.04). Natural vegetation patches inside the plantation mosaic supported high mean acoustic diversity (indigenous forests 7.6, grasslands 8.0, wetlands 9.1), which increased as plant heterogeneity and patch size increased. Indigenous forest patches within the plantation mosaic contained a highly characteristic acoustic species assemblage, emphasizing their complementary contribution to local biodiversity. Overall, acoustic signals determined spatial biodiversity patterns and can be a useful tool for guiding conservation.
Optical coherence tomography angiography for longitudinal monitoring of vascular changes in human cutaneous burns
Authors: Gong Peijun , Es'haghian Shaghayegh , Wood Fiona M. , Sampson David D. , McLaughlin Robert A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAssessment of vasculature is an important aspect of monitoring healing of cutaneous burn injuries. Recent advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT) have enabled it to be used to perform high‐resolution imaging of the cutaneous vasculature in vivo, with the potential to provide a superior alternative to the conventional assessment of scoring skin color. The goal of this study is to investigate the feasibility of OCT angiography for longitudinal monitoring of vasculature and identification of vascular features in human cutaneous burns. We integrate several OCT imaging protocols and image‐processing techniques into a systematic method for longitudinal monitoring and automatic quantification. The demonstration of this method on a partial‐thickness burn shows the accurate co‐location of longitudinal scans; characteristic vascular features in different healing phases; and eventual decrease of the elevated vasculature area density and vessel diameter to normal levels. Such a method holds promise for longitudinal monitoring of vasculature in burn injures as well as in other cutaneous vascular pathologies and responses to treatment.
Usefulness of chair stand time as a surrogate of gait speed in diagnosing sarcopenia
Authors: Nishimura Takayuki , Arima Kazuhiko , Okabe Takuhiro , Mizukami Satoshi , Tomita Yoshihito , Kanagae Mitsuo , Goto Hisashi , Horiguchi Itsuko , Abe Yasuyo , Aoyagi Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2016

AimDetermining gait speed as a measure of physical performance is recommended in diagnosing sarcopenia. Gait speed measurements require a certain amount of space (e.g. a 6‐m course), and might not be feasible in clinical settings or heath checkup examination sites. We developed a formula to estimate chair stand time based on gait speed, and examined the validity (sensitivity and specificity) of using the estimated chair stand time cut‐off point as a surrogate for the recommended gait speed cut‐off point.MethodsChair stand time was defined as the time it took to stand up from a standard chair five times. Gait speed was calculated from the time required for participants to walk a 6‐m course at their usual pace.ResultsSimple regression analysis showed a significant negative relationship between chair stand time and gait speed (P < 0.0001), and the estimated formula was derived as follows: five times chair stand time = −8.41 × gait speed + 20.0 (R2 = 0.34). Therefore, the chair stand time cut‐off point was estimated to be 13.3 s by inserting the recommended gait speed cut‐off of 0.8 m/s in the above formula. Rounding off to make its use simpler, the estimated chair stand time cut‐off was 13 s. The sensitivity and specificity of the estimated chair stand time cut off were 0.75 and 0.94, respectively.ConclusionsChair stand time might be useful as a surrogate of gait speed when screening for sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 659–661.
Improving anti‐bullying laws and policies to protect youth from weight‐based victimization: parental support for action
Authors: Puhl R. M. , Suh Y. , Li X. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBackgroundWeight‐based bullying is a prevalent problem among youth with overweight and obesity, but remains neglected in existing policy‐level strategies to address youth bullying. Parental support is an influential catalyst motivating political will for policy decisions affecting youth, but has received limited research attention.ObjectivesTo assess levels of, and predictors of, parental support for school‐based policies and state/federal legal measures to address weight‐based bullying in 2014 and 2015.MethodsIdentical online questionnaires were completed by two independent national samples of parents in 2014 and 2015 (N = 1804).ResultsParental support for all policy actions was high (at least 81%) and significantly increased from 2014 to 2015 for legal measures that would a) require state anti‐bullying laws to add protections against weight‐based bullying, and b) enact a federal anti‐bullying law that includes weight‐based bullying.ConclusionsThese findings can inform policy discourse about remedies for youth bullying, and suggest that parental support for improved legal protections against weight‐based bullying is present, consistent, and strong.
Viral protein suppresses oxidative burst and salicylic acid‐dependent autophagy and facilitates bacterial growth on virus‐infected plants
Authors: Zvereva Anna S. , Golyaev Victor , Turco Silvia , Gubaeva Ekaterina G. , Rajeswaran Rajendran , Schepetilnikov Mikhail V. , Srour Ola , Ryabova Lyubov A. , Boller Thomas , Pooggin Mikhail M. 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Virus interactions with plant silencing and innate immunity pathways can potentially alter the susceptibility of virus‐infected plants to secondary infections with nonviral pathogens.

We found that Arabidopsis plants infected with Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) or transgenic for CaMV silencing suppressor P6 exhibit increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and allow robust growth of the Pst mutant hrcC‐, which cannot deploy effectors to suppress innate immunity. The impaired antibacterial defense correlated with the suppressed oxidative burst, reduced accumulation of the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) and diminished SA‐dependent autophagy.

The viral protein domain required for suppression of these plant defense responses is dispensable for silencing suppression but essential for binding and activation of the plant target‐of‐rapamycin (TOR) kinase which, in its active state, blocks cellular autophagy and promotes CaMV translation.

Our findings imply that CaMV P6 is a versatile viral effector suppressing both silencing and innate immunity. P6‐mediated suppression of oxidative burst and SA‐dependent autophagy may predispose CaMV‐infected plants to bacterial infection.
Activated PI3Kδ syndrome type 2: Two patients, a novel mutation, and review of the literature
Authors: Olbrich Peter , Lorenz Myriam , Cura Daball Paola , Lucena José Manuel , Rensing‐Ehl Anne , Sanchez Berta , Führer Marita , Camacho‐Lovillo Marisol , Melon Marta , Schwarz Klaus , Neth Olaf , Speckmann Carsten 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundAutosomal dominant gain‐of‐function mutations in PIK3R1 encoding for the regulatory subunit (p85α, p55α, and p50α) of Class IA phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) result in the activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS) type 2 characterized by childhood‐onset combined immunodeficiency, lymphoproliferation, and immune dysregulation. To improve clinical awareness and understanding of these rare diseases, we reviewed all hitherto published cases with APDS type 1 and type 2 for their clinical and immunologic symptoms and added novel clinical, immunologic, and genetic findings of two patients with APDS type 2.MethodsClinical, immunologic, and genetic evaluation of two new patients with APDS2 was performed followed by the systematic collection of all available previously published data of patients with APDS1 and APDS2.ResultsPatients with APDS type 1 (n = 49) and type 2 (n = 15) showed an indistinguishable immunologic phenotype. Overlapping clinical features shared by APDS type 1 and type 2 were observed, but our review also revealed previously unnoticed clinical differences such as remarkably high incidence of microcephaly, poor growth/short stature in patients with APDS2. Clinical management and outcome were variable and included prophylactic antibiotics, immunosuppression, immunoglobulin substitution, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.ConclusionsA disease‐specific registry collecting prospective and long‐term follow‐up data of patients with APDS, as currently set up by the European Society for Immunodeficiencies, are needed to better understand the natural history and to optimize treatment concepts and thereby improving the outcome of this heterogenous patient group.
Retrospective study of dental trauma in children with autism spectrum disorders: a paired study
Authors: Andrade Natália Silva , Dutra Thaís Torres Barros , Fernandes Regina Fátima , Moita Neto José Machado , Mendes Regina Ferraz , Prado Júnior Raimundo Rosendo 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe objective was to evaluate the history of traumatic dental injury (TDI) among children with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD) at the Centro Integrado de Educação Especial (CIES), in Teresina, Brazil. The dental records of 228 children, 114 with ASD (SG = study group) and 114 without ASD (CG = control group), paired by age, gender and socioeconomic characteristics between January 2007 and September 2014 were reviewed. Data were analyzed using chi‐square test and multivariate logistic regression (alpha = 5.0%). Dental trauma in SG was lower than in the CG (24.6% and 41.2%, respectively, p = 0.007). The risk of trauma was lower among males in SG (OR: 0.35; 95%CI: 0.18 to 0.67). The likelihood of TDI in SG was 3.17 higher in females than that of males (p = 0.040). The prevalence of TDI was lower in ASD individuals compared to controls. Dental trauma was higher among ASD girls than ASD boys.
Early warning epidemic surveillance in the Pacific island nations: an evaluation of the Pacific syndromic surveillance system
Authors: Craig Adam T. , Kama Mike , Samo Marcus , Vaai Saine , Matanaicake Jane , Joshua Cynthia , Kolbe Anthony , Durrheim David N. , Paterson Beverley J. , Biaukula Viema , Nilles Eric J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe Pacific Syndromic Surveillance System (PSSS), launched in 2010, provides a simple mechanism by which 121 sentinel surveillance sites in 21 Pacific island countries and areas perform routine indicator‐ and event‐based surveillance for the early detection of infectious disease outbreaks. This evaluation aims to assess whether the PSSS is meeting its objectives, what progress has been made since a formative evaluation of the system was conducted in 2011, and provides recommendations to enhance the PSSS's performance in the future.MethodsTwenty‐one informant interviews were conducted with national operators of the system and regional public health agencies that use information generated by it. Historic PSSS data were analysed to assess timeliness and completeness of reporting.ResultsThe system is simple, acceptable and useful for public health decision‐makers. The PSSS has greatly enhanced Pacific island countries' ability to undertake early warning surveillance and has contributed to efforts to meet national surveillance‐related International Health Regulation (2005) capacity development obligations. Despite this, issues with timeliness and completeness of reporting, data quality and system stability persist.ConclusionA balance between maintaining the system's simplicity and technical advances will need to be found to ensure its long‐term sustainability, given the low‐resource context for which it is designed.
GI stem cells – new insights into roles in physiology and pathophysiology
Authors: Henning Susan J. , von Furstenberg Richard J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis overview gives a brief historical summary of key discoveries regarding stem cells of the small intestine. The current concept is that there are two pools of intestinal stem cells (ISCs): an actively cycling pool that is marked by Lgr5, is relatively homogeneous and is responsible for daily turnover of the epithelium; and a slowly cycling or quiescent pool that functions as reserve ISCs. The latter pool appears to be quite heterogeneous and may include partially differentiated epithelial lineages that can reacquire stem cell characteristics following injury to the intestine. Markers and methods of isolation for active and quiescent ISC populations are described as well as the numerous important advances that have been made in approaches to the in vitro culture of ISCs and crypts. Factors regulating ISC biology are briefly summarized and both known and unknown aspects of the ISC niche are discussed. Although most of our current knowledge regarding ISC physiology and pathophysiology has come from studies with mice, recent work with human tissue highlights the potential translational applications arising from this field of research. Many of these topics are further elaborated in the following articles.