bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel type of parallel manipulator with flexible morphing platform
Authors: Chen Zhengtao , Wang Yanjun , Liang Zhenkun , Chen Genliang , Wang Hao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractParallel manipulators with flexible morphing platform (FMP) provide potential solution in various application fields, such as shape-morphing underwater robot, deformable wings, and human–machine interfaces. However, there is still lack of effective approach for the design and analysis of such novel type of parallel manipulator. In this article, a 9-UPS redundant actuation parallel manipulator with flexible morphing moving platform is designed as a representative of this kind of manipulator. Correspondingly, a deformation estimation and shape control approach for the FMP is presented. The proposed deformation estimation approach is designed based on the bending energy, which can achieve high calculation efficiency and avoid complex mechanical definition and calculation. And the proposed shape control approach is realized by utilizing a nonrigid ICP match algorithm, which can continuously deform the morphing platform to an arbitrary target surface. A prototype of the 9-UPS parallel manipulator is fabricated and analyzed as verification. The experiment results show that the proposed approach offers a promising avenue for the deformation estimation and shape control of the morphing platform.
Associations between shared book reading, daily screen time and infants’ vocabulary size
Authors: Rosslund Audun , Kartushina Natalia , Mayor Julien 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the current pre-registered study, we examined the associations between shared book reading, daily screen time, and vocabulary size in 1,442 12- and 24-month-old Norwegian infants. Our results demonstrate a positive association between shared reading and vocabulary in both age groups, and a negative association between screen time and vocabulary in 24-month-olds. Exploratory analyses revealed that the positive relationship between shared reading and expressive vocabulary in 12-month-olds was stronger in lower SES groups, suggesting that shared reading may act as a compensatory mechanism attenuating potentially impoverished learning environment and parent-infant interactions in low-SES families.
Centralisers of linear growth automorphisms of free groups
Authors: ANDREW NAOMI , MARTINO ARMANDO 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this note we investigate the centraliser of a linearly growing element of
$\mathrm{Out}(F_n)$
(that is, a root of a Dehn twist automorphism), and show that it has a finite index subgroup mapping onto a direct product of certain “equivariant McCool groups” with kernel a finitely generated free abelian group. In particular, this allows us to show it is VF and hence finitely presented.
The full rank condition for sparse random matrices
Authors: Coja-Oghlan Amin , Gao Pu , Hahn-Klimroth Max , Lee Joon , Müller Noela , Rolvien Maurice 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe derive a sufficient condition for a sparse random matrix with given numbers of non-zero entries in the rows and columns having full row rank. The result covers both matrices over finite fields with independent non-zero entries and
$\{0,1\}$
-matrices over the rationals. The sufficient condition is generally necessary as well.
The List-Ramsey threshold for families of graphs
Authors: Kuperwasser Eden , Samotij Wojciech 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGiven a family of graphs
$\mathcal{F}$
and an integer
$r$
, we say that a graph is
$r$
-Ramsey for
$\mathcal{F}$
if any
$r$
-colouring of its edges admits a monochromatic copy of a graph from
$\mathcal{F}$
. The threshold for the classic Ramsey property, where
$\mathcal{F}$
consists of one graph, in the binomial random graph was located in the celebrated work of Rödl and Ruciński.In this paper, we offer a twofold generalisation to the Rödl–Ruciński theorem. First, we show that the list-colouring version of the property has the same threshold. Second, we extend this result to finite families
$\mathcal{F}$
, where the threshold statements might also diverge. This also confirms further special cases of the Kohayakawa–Kreuter conjecture. Along the way, we supply a short(-ish), self-contained proof of the
$0$
-statement of the Rödl–Ruciński theorem.
Emerging trends: a gentle introduction to RAG
Authors: Church Kenneth Ward , Sun Jiameng , Yue Richard , Vickers Peter , Saba Walid , Chandrasekar Raman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRetrieval-augmented generation (RAG) adds a simple but powerful feature to chatbots, the ability to upload files just-in-time. Chatbots are trained on large quantities of public data. The ability to upload files just-in-time makes it possible to reduce hallucinations by filling in gaps in the knowledge base that go beyond the public training data such as private data and recent events. For example, in a customer service scenario, with RAG, we can upload your private bill and then the bot can discuss questions about your bill as opposed to generic FAQ questions about bills in general. This tutorial will show how to upload files and generate responses to prompts; see https://github.com/kwchurch/RAG for multiple solutions based on tools from OpenAI, LangChain, HuggingFace transformers and VecML.
Psychometric and adherence considerations for high-frequency, smartphone-based cognitive screening protocols in older adults
Authors: Thompson Louisa I. , De Vito Alyssa N. , Kunicki Zachary J. , Emrani Sheina , Strenger Jennifer , Nester Caroline , Harrington Karra D. , Roque Nelson , Manoocheri Masood , Salloway Stephen , Correia Stephen , Jones Richard N. , Sliwinski Martin J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjective:The psychometric rigor of unsupervised, smartphone-based assessments and factors that impact remote protocol engagement is critical to evaluate prior to the use of such methods in clinical contexts. We evaluated the validity of a high-frequency, smartphone-based cognitive assessment protocol, including examining convergence and divergence with standard cognitive tests, and investigating factors that may impact adherence and performance (i.e., time of day and anticipated receipt of feedback vs. no feedback).Methods:Cognitively unimpaired participants (N = 120, Mage = 68.8, 68.3% female, 87% White, Meducation = 16.5 years) completed 8 consecutive days of the Mobile Monitoring of Cognitive Change (M2C2), a mobile app-based testing platform, with brief morning, afternoon, and evening sessions. Tasks included measures of working memory, processing speed, and episodic memory. Traditional neuropsychological assessments included measures from the Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite battery.Results:Findings showed overall high compliance (89.3%) across M2C2 sessions. Average compliance by time of day ranged from 90.2% for morning sessions, to 77.9% for afternoon sessions, and 84.4% for evening sessions. There was evidence of faster reaction time and among participants who expected to receive performance feedback. We observed excellent convergent and divergent validity in our comparison of M2C2 tasks and traditional neuropsychological assessments.Conclusions:This study supports the validity and reliability of self-administered, high-frequency cognitive assessment via smartphones in older adults. Insights into factors affecting adherence, performance, and protocol implementation are discussed.
Flexible functional adaptation of selective attention in bilingualism
Authors: Phelps Jacqueline , Bozic Mirjana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We tested how the bilingual processing system adapts to high attentional processing loads, using a dual selective attention task. We also tested how this adaptation changes with maturation, by comparing the performance of monolingual and bilingual children and adults. Results showed equivalent performance on aspects of the dual attention task (auditory comprehension and visual task accuracy) for monolinguals and bilinguals in both age groups. Reaction times from the visual task however revealed differences between groups, with bilingual children's responses significantly slower relative to monolingual children under high processing load, but the bilingual adults' performance equivalent to their monolingual counterparts. The results suggest that the adaptation of bilingual selective attention changes with maturation: high attentional processing demands lead to economising of the available attentional capacity and task prioritisation in children, but these effects recede as the attentional system fully matures, resulting in consistent optimal performance across elements of multiple tasks in bilinguals.
The subject advantage in LIS internally headed relative clauses: an eye-tracking study
Authors: Fornasiero Elena , Hauser Charlotte , Branchini Chiara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The scarce literature on the processing of internally headed relative clauses (IHRCs) seems to challenge the universality of the subject advantage (e.g., Lau & Tanaka [2021, Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics, 6(1), 34], for spoken languages; Hauser et al. [2021, Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics, 6(1), 72], for sign languages). In this study, we investigate the comprehension of subject and object IHRCs in Italian Sign Language (LIS) deaf native and non-native signers, and hearing LIS/Italian CODAs (children of deaf adults). We use the eye-tracking Visual-only World Paradigm (Hauser & Pozniak [2019, Poster presented at the AMLAP 2019 conference]) recording online and offline responses. Results show that a subject advantage is detected in the online and offline responses of CODAs and in the offline responses of deaf native signers. Results also reveal a higher rate of accuracy in CODAs' responses. We discuss the difference in performance between the two populations in the light of bilingualism-related cognitive advantages, and lack of proper educational training in Italian and LIS for the deaf population in Italy.
Acquiring morphology through adolescence in Spanish as a heritage language: The case of subjunctive mood
Authors: Thane Patrick D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The present study tested Spanish heritage speakers' (HSs') production and selection of subjunctive mood in volitional clauses. Four groups participated to expose the effects of age on subjunctive acquisition: Spanish-dominant bilingual adults (SDBA; n = 18), HSs in fifth grade (HS5; n = 41), HSs in seventh/eighth grades (HS7/8; n = 34) and HS adults (HSA; n = 34). SDBAs produced and selected the subjunctive more than HS groups. There were no differences in production and selection between the HS7/8 and HSA groups, both of whom produced and selected subjunctive mood more frequently than the HS5 group. These results point toward protracted heritage language development. HSs selected the subjunctive more than they produced it, supporting theories that dissociate between mapping forms onto morphology and underlying syntactic competence. Finally, proficiency and frequency of use modulated individual variability between HSs. Results are addressed relative to incomplete acquisition, protracted development and feature reassembly.
The need for a broad perspective when assessing value-for-money for out-of-hours primary care
Authors: Phiri Jane , Morreel Stefan , De Graeve Diana , Philips Hilde , Beutels Philippe , Verhoeven Veronique , Willem Lander 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Out-of-hours primary care (OOH-PC) has emerged as a promising solution to improve efficiency, accessibility, and quality of care and to reduce the strain on emergency departments. As this modality gains traction in diverse healthcare settings, it is increasingly important to fully assess its societal value-for-money and conduct thorough process evaluations. However, current economic evaluations mostly emphasise direct- and short-term effect measures, thus lacking a broader societal perspective.

Aim:
This study offers a comprehensive overview of current effect measures in OOH-PC evaluations and proposes additional measures from the evaluation of integrated care programmes.

Approach and Development:
First, we systematically identified the effect measures from published cost-effectiveness studies and classified them as process, outcome, and resource use measures. Second, we elaborate on the incorporation of ‘productivity gains’, ‘health promotion and early intervention’, and ‘continuity of care’ as additional effects into economic evaluations of OOH-PC. Seeking care affects personal and employee time, potentially resulting in decreased productivity. Challenges in taking time off work and limited access to convenient care are often cited as barriers to accessing primary care. As such, OOH-PC can potentially reduce opportunity costs for patients. Furthermore, improving access to healthcare is important in determining whether people receive promotional and preventive services. Health promotion involves empowering people to take control of their health and its determinants. Given the unscheduled nature and the fragmented or rotational care in OOH-PC, the degree to which interventions and modalities provide continuity should be monitored, assessed, and included in economic evaluations. Continuity of care in primary care improves patient satisfaction, promotes adherence to medical advice, reduces reliance on hospitals, and reduces mortality.

Conclusion:
Although it is essential to also address local settings and needs, the integration of broader scope measures into OOH-PC economic evaluations improves the comprehensive evaluation that aligns with welfare gains.
ON GROUPS AND FIELDS DEFINABLE IN
$1$
-H-MINIMAL FIELDS
Authors: Acosta López Juan Pablo , Hasson Assaf 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe show that an infinite group G definable in a
$1$
-h-minimal field admits a strictly K-differentiable structure with respect to which G is a (weak) Lie group, and we show that definable local subgroups sharing the same Lie algebra have the same germ at the identity. We conclude that infinite fields definable in K are definably isomorphic to finite extensions of K and that
$1$
-dimensional groups definable in K are finite-by-abelian-by-finite. Along the way, we develop the basic theory of definable weak K-manifolds and definable morphisms between them.
Branched Conduit Structure Beneath the Active Craters of Sakurajima Volcano Inferred From Muography
Authors: Oláh László , Hamar Gergő , Ohminato Takao , Tanaka Hiroyuki K. M. , Varga Dezső 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObserving in‐conduit physical mechanism underlying the switching of eruptive activity between the craters of multi‐vent volcanoes could contribute to hazard assessment at these complex volcanic edifices. We performed monitoring of mass density changes beneath two active craters of Sakurajima volcano in Kyushu, Japan between September 2018 and July 2023 with cosmic‐ray muography. From December 2022, the mass density decreased beneath Minamidake crater and increased beneath Showa crater in accordance with a switch of eruptive activity from Minamidake crater to Showa crater. Plug formation and convective magma degassing processes have been observed with muography in accordance with the deformation of the surface of volcanic edifice measured by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar. We found a moderate inverse correlation with a Pearson’s coefficient of −0.52 between the mass densities observed beneath the two active craters throughout the entire period. The inverse correlation of mass densities indicates a magmatic gas flux dynamics which characterizes a branched conduit structure. Muography thus reveals the shallow magmatic processes during switching of eruptive activity between the craters of multi‐vent volcanoes and allows to infer to the conduit structure.
Quantifying the Role of Orographic Processes in Producing Extreme Precipitation: A Case Study of an Atmospheric River Associated With Storm Bronagh
Authors: Cuckow S. , Dacre H. F. , Martínez‐Alvarado O. , Smith S. A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study explores the mechanisms contributing to heavy precipitation associated with landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) and orography, focusing on a high‐profile case study of an extratropical cyclone, storm Bronagh, which caused flooding and travel disruption in the UK. While prior research has established the connection between ARs, orography, and precipitation, the specific mechanisms leading to intense rainfall remain unclear. A novel methodology is introduced that quantifies the relative contribution to the total precipitation from cyclone‐induced processes and orographic processes using modifications to the Met Office Unified Model orography and microphysics parameterization scheme. Results show that the majority of storm Bronagh 's rainfall over land is attributed to cyclone‐related processes (frontal ascent and embedded convection). However, interaction of the AR associated with storm Bronagh and orography focuses more of the rain over the hills, enhancing precipitation in this region by a further . Further analysis reveals that the seeder‐feeder mechanism plays a predominant role in orographically enhanced rainfall. Accretion and riming processes occur as rain from the cyclone induced (seeder) cloud falls through the orographically induced (feeder) cloud enhancing precipitation rates. The feeder cloud formation is related to forced ascent of air within the AR over the orography. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the intricate interplay between ARs, orography, and cyclone precipitation during the landfall of extratropical cyclones. By separating the mechanisms behind heavy rainfall in the context of storm Bronagh, we quantify for the first time the effect of the seeder‐feeder effect at different heights over orography.
MFF‐DenseNet: Densely Connected Convolutional Network With Multi‐Scale Feature Fusion for Magnetotelluric Noise Suppression
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Li Jin , Zhou Hui , Zhao Xiaolin , Tang Jingtian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMagnetotelluric (MT) is a geophysical technique for detecting subsurface electrical structures. However, MT data collected in areas with frequent human activity often encounter various types of electromagnetic (EM) noise, which can mask or distort the signals we aim to analyze. Over the past decades, data processing methods based on deep learning has become the focus of multiple disciplines. Training neural networks to identify and handle noise has been proven effective in reducing the impact of noise. Therefore, ensuring the neural network accurately learns the noise and signal characteristics during the training is crucial. Against this background, we propose a multi‐scale feature fusion technique based on the densely connected network and apply it to processing MT data. First, we construct a data set resembling the noise in field data and use it to train the network. Leveraging dense connections, we extract feature maps of EM noise from noisy data and utilize Spatial Pyramid Pooling to integrate feature maps of various scales, enabling the network to capture features of the noise precisely. At the same time, we reduce the computation of feature fusion by introducing the Channel‐wise Squeezed Layer to compress the channels of the feature maps. Ultimately, we apply the trained model to the field noisy data. The results of synthetic and field data demonstrate that our method suppresses low‐amplitude and continuous high‐amplitude noise while preserving low‐frequency valuable signal. Apparent resistivity‐phase curves and polarization direction shows a noticeable improvement in the mid and low‐frequency bands with our method.
Structural Evolution of Basaltic Melts in the Deep Earth: Insights From High‐Pressure Sound Velocity of Glass
Authors: Trubowitz Charlotte , Murakami Motohiko , Petitgirard Sylvain , Liebske Christian , McCammon Catherine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe densification mechanisms of silicate melts under high pressure are of key interest in understanding the evolution of the early Earth and its present‐day internal structure. Here, we report Brillouin spectroscopy‐derived transverse acoustic wave velocities from a basaltic glass at high pressures up to 163 GPa and ambient temperature to provide insight into pressure‐induced changes in its elasticity and, by extension, its density. We find that the pressure dependence of below 110–140 GPa follows a trend nearly tantamount to those of pyrolite and Fe‐ and (Fe,Al)‐bearing MgSiO3 glasses, indicating that the large compositional differences among these glasses do not exert variable acoustic wave velocity trends. However, at higher pressures we observe a small departure from the profiles of the Al‐poor compositions toward higher acoustic wave velocities to eventually become stiffer. This pressure‐induced steepening in is comparable to that of (Mg, Fe, Al)(Si, Al)O3 glass, and suggests a possible structural change toward a denser state caused by more rapidly changing Al–O coordination in network‐forming Al. Coupled with the high Fe content in basalt, this may render basaltic melt denser than surrounding minerals in the deep lower mantle, and may provide an additional mechanism for the existence of ultralow‐velocity zones.
Catchment‐Averaged Erosion Rates Reveal Signals of Divide Migration and Drainage Capture
Authors: Hoskins A. M. , Attal M. , Mudd S. M. , Castillo M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDivide migration and drainage capture contribute to drainage reorganization. The relative contributions of each are debated, as are the extent to which an observable signal of drainage reorganization may be preserved in quantifiable erosion rates. We numerically model divide migration and drainage capture, and monitor the effects on catchment‐averaged erosion rates in the growing (area gaining) and shrinking (area losing) catchments. Divide migration produces a rapid increase in catchment‐averaged erosion rates in the headwaters of the growing catchment. However, we find this catchment‐averaged erosion rate signal is quickly obscured with increasing distance downstream in non‐uniform uplift settings, limiting our ability to detect divide migration through catchment‐averaged erosion rate measurements in non‐uniform uplift settings. Drainage capture produces the strongest catchment‐averaged erosion rate signal immediately adjacent to the point of capture. We find this signal persists in the landscape longest, and without depleting in magnitude, in the area upstream of the point of capture. The Sierra la Laguna mountain range (Mexico) displays substantial evidence of recent and ongoing drainage capture across the main drainage divide, including: beheaded catchments, windgaps, barbed drainages, profiles and across divide Gilbert Metrics. We use the Sierra la Laguna to test the detectability of drainage reorganization related catchment‐averaged erosion rate signals in a natural setting. ‐derived catchment‐averaged erosion rates are found to be twice as fast in the suspected growing catchment headwaters (0.17 ) relative to the shrinking catchment headwaters (0.09 ). Catchment‐averaged erosion rates, with distance downstream, share similarities with our drainage capture modeling.