bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of different dosage of intranasal dexmedetomidine on preventing emergence delirium or agitation in children: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Yizheng , Jiang Yi , Zhang Liangcheng 
Published: September 2024

Background
The clinical evidence for the effects of different doses of intranasal dexmedetomidine on emergence delirium/ emergence agitation (ED/EA) in children is lacking.

Methods
We searched the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from the establishment of the databases until December 30, 2023. All randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of different dosage of intranasl dexamedetomidine in children younger than 18 years on postoperative ED/ EA were included. Data analysis was conducted using R 4.3.0.

Results
A total of 15 randomized controlled trials involving 1566 children were included. Compared to 0.5 μg/kg (RR = 4.81, 95%CI = 1.66–13.94), and normal saline (RR = 8.23, 95%CI = 4.63–14.65), intranasal dexmedetomidine at doses of 2 μg/kg significantly reduced the incidence of ED/ EA in children. 2 μg/kg was the most effective dosage in reducing the incidence of ED/ EA (Probability of rank = 0.75), the incidence of severe ED/ EA (Probability of rank = 0.45), and ED/ EA score (Probability of rank = 0.65). Moreover, intranasal dexmedetomidine at doses of 2 μg/kg significantly reduced the PACU pain compared to 0.5 μg/kg (RR = 0.42, 95%CI = -0.22–1.06), 1 μg/kg (RR = 0.18, 95%CI = -0.26–0.63), 1.5 μg/kg (RR = 1.00, 95%CI = -0.54–0.75), and normal saline (RR = 8.23, 95%CI = 4.63–14.65), with a probability of rank = 0.45.

Conclusion
2μg/kg intranasal dexmedetomidine is the optimum dose for reducing the occurrence of ED/ EA and postoperative pain. However, further research is required to verify our findings.
Maternal age and body mass index and risk of labor dystocia after spontaneous labor onset among nulliparous women: A clinical prediction model
Authors: Nathan Nina Olsén , Bergholt Thomas , Sejling Christoffer , Ersbøll Anne Schøjdt , Ekelund Kim , Gerds Thomas Alexander , Gam Christiane Bourgin Folke , Rode Line , Hegaard Hanne Kristine 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionObstetrics research has predominantly focused on the management and identification of factors associated with labor dystocia. Despite these efforts, clinicians currently lack the necessary tools to effectively predict a woman’s risk of experiencing labor dystocia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to create a predictive model for labor dystocia.Material and methodsThe study population included nulliparous women with a single baby in the cephalic presentation in spontaneous labor at term. With a cohort-based registry design utilizing data from the Copenhagen Pregnancy Cohort and the Danish Medical Birth Registry, we included women who had given birth from 2014 to 2020 at Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Denmark. Logistic regression analysis, augmented by a super learner algorithm, was employed to construct the prediction model with candidate predictors pre-selected based on clinical reasoning and existing evidence. These predictors included maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, height, gestational age, physical activity, self-reported medical condition, WHO-5 score, and fertility treatment. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) for discriminative capacity and Brier score for model calibration.ResultsA total of 12,445 women involving 5,525 events of labor dystocia (44%) were included. All candidate predictors were retained in the final model, which demonstrated discriminative ability with an AUC of 62.3% (95% CI:60.7–64.0) and Brier score of 0.24.ConclusionsOur model represents an initial advancement in the prediction of labor dystocia utilizing readily available information obtainable upon admission in active labor. As a next step further model development and external testing across other populations is warranted. With time a well-performing model may be a step towards facilitating risk stratification and the development of a user-friendly online tool for clinicians.
Analysis of choroidal features to predict surgical prognosis of idiopathic macular hole
Authors: Kim Gee-Hyun , Lee Jiho , Park Young-Hoon 
Published: September 2024

Objective
To investigate choroidal features of idiopathic macular hole (IMH) and determine their relationship with surgical outcomes.

Materials and methods
Patients above stage II unilateral IMH who received pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with the internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling were enrolled for the retrospective observational study. Preoperative choriocapillaris perfusion (CCP), central choroidal thickness (CCT), base/minimum diameters (BD/MD) and height (HH) of MH were analyzed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). At 1, 3 and 6 months after PPV, CCT, central foveal thickness (CFT) and maximum parafoveal thickness (MPT) of closed MH were measured. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was assessed at every visit. The correlations between preoperative characteristics and surgical outcomes were assessed.

Results
Twenty-seven patients were evaluated. All eyes (100%) showed successful MH closure after the primary surgery. Until postoperative 6 months, BCVA continued to improve significantly (p < 0.001), while CFT and CCT progressively thinned (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). On correlation tests, final postoperative BCVA was associated with preoperative BCVA (R = 0.506, p = 0.007) and CCP (R = -0.475, p = 0.012), while final CFT was related with preoperative CCT (R = 0.392, p = 0.043). Multiple regression analysis revealed that preoperative CCP was significantly related with final postoperative BCVA (β = -0.403, p = 0.049).

Conclusion
Preoperative CCP and CCT were respectively associated with functional and anatomical prognosis of IMH after PPV.
Effects of the timing of maternal antiretroviral therapy initiation, CD4 count, and HIV viral load on birth outcomes in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa: A secondary data analysis
Authors: Siqithi Sisanda , Durojaiye Oyewole Christopher , Adeniyi Oladele Vincent 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) use during pregnancy is essential to prevent vertical transmission of HIV, but it may also increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes. This study investigated the impact of both maternal HIV infection and the timing of ART initiation on birth outcomes in women living with HIV in South Africa.MethodsThis secondary data analysis examined the dataset from an earlier cohort study involving 1709 pregnant women living with HIV who delivered their babies at three major maternity centres in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa between September 2015 and May 2018. The associations between adverse birth outcomes (stillbirth, preterm birth, very preterm birth, and low birth weight) and the timing of maternal ART initiation, peripartum CD4 count, and HIV viral load were examined using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe observed rates of stillbirth, preterm birth, very preterm birth, and low birth weight were 1.4%, 33.5%, 5.4% and 18.0%, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, low birth weight was associated with ART initiated during the second trimester (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.85), low-level viraemia (21–999 copies/ml) (aOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.17–2.22), and high-level viraemia (≥1000 copies/ml) (aOR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.66–2.38) during the peripartum period. Preterm birth was associated with low-level viraemia (aOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.16–1.79) and a CD4 count of less than 200 cells/mm3(aOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01–1.82). Very preterm birth was associated with detectable maternal viraemia.ConclusionAdverse birth outcomes are common among pregnant women living with HIV, especially those with unsuppressed viraemia. Clinicians and programme managers should prioritise timeous ART initiation and virological suppression in all pregnant women living with HIV.
Knowledge, and attitude of service user of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy using sulfadoxine pyrimethamine in the Volta Region of Ghana
Authors: Asem Livingstone , Abdulia Abdul-Gafaru , Assuming Patrick Opoku , Abeka-Nkrumah Gordon 
Published: September 2024

Background
Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is a condition that can be prevented by using intermittent preventive treatment using Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. However, despite all the effort to reduce the consequences of MiP for the woman, the unborn child, and the neonate, the knowledge of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in pregnancy using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) is low in most malaria-endemic countries, including Ghana. Thus, the need to examine knowledge, and attitude of service users of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.

Methods
The study was a cross-sectional survey of two selected districts in the Volta Region of Ghana. The study participants were randomly selected from communities within Nkwanta North and North Tongu District. In all a total of 438 mothers who have delivered in the past 24 months were selected for the study. The women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and the bivariate and multivariable logistic regression results presented in tables.

Results
The level of knowledge, and attitude were reported as 45.9% and 58.9% respectively. Knowledge of the service user is determined by the level of education of the women. The attitude of the service user is determined by making 4–7 visits during ANC, Gestational age at booking for ANC is 4–7 weeks, income level between 100 to 999, partner educational level above Middle/JHS/JSS, and age of a partner is above 40 years.

Conclusion
The findings from the present studies highlighted important factor such as number of antenatal visits that affect both knowledge of services and attitude to use IPTp-SP. Therefore, a community-based health promotion programmes to help to increase knowledges and improved attitude on timely and regular antenatal attendance to promote the benefit of IPTp-SP should be encouraged.
Psychometric evaluation of the Australian interprofessional socialisation and valuing scale: An invariant measure for health practitioners and students
Authors: Ardyansyah Bau Dilam , Cordier Reinie , Brewer Margo , Parsons Dave 
Published: September 2024

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Australian Interprofessional Socialisation and Valuing Scale (ISVS)-21 and provide an invariant measure for health practitioners and students to assess interprofessional socialisation.

Methods
The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) were used as guidelines. This research began with a key step: conducting a pilot study to assess content validity, a requirement of COSMIN for item development. The ISVS-21 has not yet been validated in Australia. Content validity checks ensure the developed items accurately represent the measured construct in the intended cultural context. In addition to conducting more comprehensive tests of psychometric properties compared to previous studies on ISVS-21, this paper introduces something new by evaluating the internal structure of the instrument involving measurement invariance and hypothesis testing for construct validity based on several assumptions related to interprofessional socialisation and values. An invariant measure validates the use of the Australian ISVS-21 on practitioner and student equivalently, allowing the comparison of outcomes at both levels.

Results
The evaluation of content validity indicated that the items were relevant, comprehensible (practitioners and students had an agreement score of >70% for all 21 items), and comprehensive to the concepts intended to be measured. Structural validity confirms ISVS-21 Australia as unidimensional, with good internal consistency reliabilities, Cronbach’s α scores = 0.96 (practitioner) and 0.96 (student). Measurement invariance tests confirm ISVS-21 Australia is configural, metric and scalar invariance (ΔCFI ≤ 0.01) across the tested groups of practitioner and student, and therefore suitable for use by both cohorts in Australia. Age and length of work/study were discriminant factors for interprofessional socialisation in both cohorts; the professional background was a differentiating factor for practitioners but not for students. Hypotheses testing results support the COSMIN construct validity requirement for the measure, with 83.3% of assumptions tested accepted.

Conclusion
The Australian ISVS has good psychometric properties based on evaluating the content validity, internal structure, and hypotheses testing for construct validity. In addition, Australian ISVS is an invariant measure for use by health practitioners and students and, therefore, confirmed as a quality measure to assess interprofessional socialisation for both cohorts in Australia.
Pharmacist-led medication reviews: A scoping review of systematic reviews
Authors: Craske Miriam , Hardeman Wendy , Steel Nicholas , Twigg Michael James 
Published: September 2024

Background
Medication reviews aim to support patients who take medicines, and they are often led by pharmacists. There are different types of medication reviews undertaken in various settings. Previous research undertaken in 2015 found mixed evidence that medication reviews in community settings improve clinical outcomes, but further work needs to be undertaken to establish their impact on patient-orientated and economic outcomes.

Aim
This scoping review aims to explore the extent and range of systematic reviews of medication reviews conducted by pharmacists, the nature of the intervention, the evidence for effectiveness, and reported research gaps.

Method
Systematic reviews were included irrespective of participants, settings or outcomes and were excluded if pharmacists did not lead the delivery of the included interventions. Data extracted included the design of included studies, population, setting, main results, description of interventions, and future research recommendations.

Results
We identified twenty-four systematic reviews that reported that medication review interventions were diverse, and their nature was often poorly described. Two high-quality reviews reported that there was evidence of no effect on mortality; of these one reported an improvement in medicines-related problems (all studies reported an increase of identified problems), and another a reduction in hospital readmissions (Risk ratio 0.93 [95% CI 0.89, 0.98]). Other lower-quality reviews reported evidence supporting intervention effectiveness for some clinical outcomes (odds ratio: achieving diabetes control = 3.11 95% prediction intervals (PI), 1.48–6.52, achieving blood pressure target = 2.73, 95% PI, 1.05–7.083.50).

Conclusion
There is mixed evidence of effectiveness for medication reviews across settings and patient populations. There is limited data about the implementation of medication reviews, therefore is difficult to ascertain which components of the intervention lead to improved outcomes. As medication reviews are widely implemented in practice, further research should explore the nature of the interventions, linking the components of these to outcomes.
Peritoneal washing cytology status as a crucial prognostic determinant in patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent curative-intent resection following preoperative chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Yuge Takuya , Murata Yasuhiro , Noguchi Daisuke , Ito Takahiro , Hayasaki Aoi , Iizawa Yusuke , Fujii Takehiro , Tanemura Akihiro , Kuriyama Naohisa , Kishiwada Masashi , Mizuno Shugo 
Published: September 2024

Background
Prognostic implications of peritoneal washing cytology (CY) in patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) undergoing surgical resection following preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the prognostic significance and predictors of a positive CY status (CY+) after preoperative CRT.

Methods
Clinical data from 141 patients with localized PDAC who underwent curative-intent resection after preoperative CRT were retrospectively analyzed to examine the association between CY+ and clinicopathological factors and survival.

Results
CY+ was observed in six patients (4.3%). The CY+ group exhibited significantly higher preoperative serum levels of CA19-9 and a substantially greater incidence of tumor location in the pancreatic body or tail, along with pathological invasion to the anterior pancreatic capsule, than the CY− group. The CY+ group had a significantly higher incidence of peritoneal recurrence compared with the CY− group (83.3% vs. 18.5%, p = 0.002). Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) after surgery were significantly shorter in the CY+ group than in the CY− group (CY+ vs. CY−: 18.3 vs. 46.2 months, p = 0.001, and 8.9 vs. 17.7 months, p = 0.009, respectively). Multivariate analyses identified CY+ as an independent prognostic factor for worse OS (hazard ratio 5.00, 95% confidence interval 1.03–12.31) and RFS (hazard ratio 2.58, 95% confidence interval 1.04–6.43). Local invasion grade on imaging before CRT, limited histological response to CRT, and absence of adjuvant chemotherapy were independent predictors of worse OS and RFS.

Conclusion
Despite the relatively low incidence of CY+ after preoperative CRT, it emerged as an independent prognostic factor in patients with localized PDAC undergoing curative-intent resection following preoperative CRT.
Differences between oscillometry measurements obtained by MostGraph-01 and MasterScreen-IOS in patients with asthma
Authors: Harada Sonoko , Harada Norihiro , Sasano Hitoshi , Tanabe Yuki , Kotajima Masaki , Sato Yoshihiko , Takeshige Tomohito , Katsura Yoko , Ito Jun , Atsuta Ryo , Kurosawa Hajime , Takahashi Kazuhisa 
Published: September 2024

Background
Oscillometry devices (also termed forced oscillation technique) devices such as MasterScreen-IOS® (Jaeger, Hochberg, Germany) and MostGraph-01® (Chest, Tokyo, Japan) are useful for obtaining physiological assessments in patients with obstructive lung diseases, including asthma. However, as oscillometry measurements have not been fully compared between MasterScreen-IOS® and MostGraph-01® in patients with asthma, it is unknown whether there are differences in the measurements between the devices. This study aimed to determine whether there is any difference in oscillometry measurements obtained using the two devices in patients with asthma.

Methods
Oscillometry measurements obtained using MasterScreen-IOS® and MostGraph-01® were retrospectively evaluated in 95 patients with asthma at Juntendo University Hospital between October 2009 and November 2009.

Results
There was a strong positive correlation in the measurements between the two devices. However, the values of R5, R20, ALX and Fres were lower when measured with MostGraph-01® than with MasterScreen-IOS®, and vice versa for the values of X5. The results were used in correction equations to convert oscillometry parameters measured using MasterScreen-IOS® to those measured using MostGraph-01®.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first report to compare MostGraph-01® and MasterScreen-IOS® devices using practical clinical data obtained in patients with asthma. The values obtained by both devices can be interpreted in a similar way, although there is slight variation. The conversion equations produced in this study may assist to compare the oscillometry measurements obtained by each of the two devices.
Oděny v odvaze
Authors: Križalkovičová Zuzana 
Published: September 2024

Tato studie zkoumá roli ženských kabátů jako aktivních participantů nejrůznějších hnutí odporu ve střední Evropě v letech 1935-1953 a využívá posthumanistický rámec k přezkoumání otázek subjektivity. Integrací teorií materiální kultury a nového materialismu se výzkum posouvá za hranice tradičních antropocentrických pohledů a zdůrazňuje dynamické interakce mezi ženami a jejich kabáty v kontextu odboje. Tento přístup ukazuje, že oděvy nebyly pouze pasivními symboly vzdoru, ale mnohostrannými nástroji, které poskytovaly fyzickou ochranu, usnadňovaly skryté předávání zpráv a materiálů a posilovaly odhodlání a solidaritu nositelek. Prostřednictvím historické analýzy, osobních svědectví a kulturních artefaktů tato studie ukazuje, jak kabáty fungovaly jako spolu-činitelé v odbojových aktivitách a jak utvářely a byly utvářeny sociálním, kulturním a politickým prostředím dané doby. Studie zdůrazňuje důležitost uznání dějinnosti materiálních objektů v historických vyprávěních a nabízí nuancované porozumění odbojovým aktivitám žen a širší podněty pro posthumanistické přemýšlení o identitě a subjektivitě.
Interaktion und Innovation – Studie zur Übersetzung deutschsprachiger Literatur in der Zeitschrift
Ausländische Literatur und Kunst
(1978–2022)
Authors: She Lihui , Zhang Fan 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Literaturzeitschrift Ausländische Literatur und Kunst erschien zum ersten Mal 1978 im Shanghai Translation Publishing House und gilt seitdem als eine anerkannte Fachzeitschrift für fremdsprachige Literatur in China. Bislang wurden in dieser Zeitschrift nahezu 500 Übersetzungen deutschsprachiger Literaturwerke veröffentlicht, wodurch der deutschsprachigen Literatur ein bedeutender Weg zu ihrer Verbreitung in China eröffnet wurde. Vor diesem Hintergrund befasst sich der vorliegende Beitrag mit der Übersetzung deutschsprachiger Literatur in der Zeitschrift Ausländische Literatur und Kunst (1978–2022). Anhand der quantitativen und periodischen Analysen wird die Auswirkung des soziokulturellen Kontexts auf die Übersetzungstätigkeit der deutschsprachigen Literatur zu verschiedenen Zeiten reflektiert, wobei die Besonderheiten der Übersetzungstätigkeit im Hinblick auf literarische Gattungen, Schriftsteller und Übersetzer im Fokus der Untersuchung stehen. Hierbei wird ersichtlich, dass sich die Übersetzung einerseits den gesellschaftlichen und kulturellen Anforderungen unterwirft und andererseits eine wesentliche Rolle bei der literarischen Interaktion und Innovation spielt.
Variation, contact, and change in Boston Spanish: how social meaning shapes stylistic practice and bilingual optimization
Authors: Erker Daniel , Vidal-Covas Lee-Ann 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper examines variation in six features of Spanish, testing the hypothesis that outcomes of language and dialect contact are shaped by the differing social meaning of linguistic variables. Two of the study’s variables are strongly associated with aspects of identity and style. Four others are poorer signals of social meaning, despite constituting sites of crosslinguistic and/or dialectal difference. In the speech of life-long residents of the contact setting (Boston, MA), the weak features have converged with English grammatical norms. In contrast, the strong features show persistence of dialectal and crosslinguistic differences, suggesting that socially weaker variables are more susceptible to reconfiguration by bilingual optimization strategies. The effect of contact on strong variables, by comparison, is to amplify their already powerful links to ideologies of personal and group style. While strong variables are not immune to contact-induced change, modification in their use is primarily social, rather than cognitive, in nature.