bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic force microscopy and lamins: A review study towards future, combined investigations
Authors: Pecorari Ilaria , Puzzi Luca , Sbaizero Orfeo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the last decades, atomic force microscopy (AFM) underwent a rapid and stunning development, especially for studying mechanical properties of biological samples. The numerous discoveries relying to this approach, have increased the credit of AFM as a versatile tool, and potentially eligible as a diagnostic equipment. Meanwhile, it has become strikingly evident that lamins are involved on the onset and development of certain diseases, including cancer, Hutchinson‐Gilford progeria syndrome, cardiovascular pathologies, and muscular dystrophy. A new category of pathologies has been defined, the laminopathies, which are caused by mutations in the gene encoding for A‐type lamins. As the majority of medical issues, lamins, and all their related aspects can be considered as a quite complex problem. Indeed, there are many facets to explore, and this definitely requires a multidisciplinary approach. One of the most intriguing aspects concerning lamins is their remarkable contribute to cells mechanics. Over the years, this has led to the speculation of the so‐called “structural hypothesis”, which attempts to elucidate the etiology and some features of the laminopathies. Among the various techniques tried to figure out the role of lamins in the cells mechanics, the AFM has been already successfully applied, proving its versatility. Therefore, the present work aims both to highlight the qualities of AFM and to review the most relevant knowledge about lamins, in order to promote the study of the latter, taking advantage from the former. Microsc. Res. Tech. 80:97–108, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of acceleration setting reaction by halogen light‐curing on GIC–dentin interface: Qualitative analysis by SEM
Authors: Yoshioka Laysa , Tedesco Tamara Kerber , Calvo Ana Flávia Bissoto , Kim Sabrina Sun Ha , Malagrana Anna Paula Vieira Ferreira Prado , Raggio Daniela Prócida 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate by scanning electron microscope (SEM) photomicrographs the influence of application of halogen light‐curing for fastening the set reaction of high‐viscosity glass ionomer cements (GIC) by assessing the material/dentin interface. Twelve human primary canines were assigned in four groups (n = 3) according to the GIC (Fuji IX, GC or Maxxion R, FGM) and application of halogen light‐curing (60 sec or control—no external energy). Blocks with approximately 6 mm of height were buildup on previously pre‐treated dentin surface in according to the experimental group. After storage at 37 °C, 100% humidity for 48 h, the specimens were then sectioned in slices with 1‐mm thick. The slices were qualitative analyzed using SEM to evaluate possible structural changes. Two examiners independently evaluated the images in order to observe the spherical hollow spaces of each tooth. The photomicrographs revealed the presence of spherical hollow spaces in all experimental groups. However, in both groups that received halogen light‐curing application, it was possible to observe that the presence of these hollow spaces decreased in size and quantity. It can be concluded that the halogen light‐curing application positively decreases in size and quantity in the presence of spherical hollow spaces in GIC.
Coastal upwelling trends under future warming scenarios from the CORDEX project along the Galician coast (NW Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Alvarez I. , Lorenzo M. N. , deCastro M. , Gomez‐Gesteira M. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTUpwelling Index trends derived from wind speed were analysed along the Galician coast using simulations from EURO‐CORDEX project (12.5 km). Data from this project were compared to ENSEMBLES and Cross‐Calibrated Multi‐Platform (CCMP) (25 km) data to investigate the performance of these high spatial resolution data in the ability to represent the evolution of Upwelling Index. Results suggest that differences between Upwelling Index derived from CCMP and modelled data exist all along the coast over the last decades. Both EURO‐CORDEX and ENSEMBLES data tend to overestimate Upwelling Index intensity (in absolute terms) regarding CCMP data. Future climate projections from EURO‐CORDEX show a significant strengthening trend in Upwelling Index intensity derived from wind data and in the frequency of strong upwelling events during the upwelling season (April–September).
gsimcli: a geostatistical procedure for the homogenisation of climatic time series
Authors: Ribeiro Sara , Caineta Júlio , Costa Ana Cristina , Henriques Roberto 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTClimate data homogenisation is of major importance in monitoring climate change and in validating weather forecasts, general circulation and regional atmospheric models, modelling of erosion and drought monitoring, among other impact studies. Discontinuities in the time series, also named inhomogeneities, may lead to biased conclusions in such studies, so they should be detected and corrected. Previous studies have suggested a geostatistical stochastic approach, which uses Direct Sequential Simulation (DSS), as a promising methodology for the homogenisation of precipitation data series. Based on the spatial and temporal correlation between the neighbouring stations, DSS calculates local probability density functions at a candidate station to detect inhomogeneities. Here, we present a new method named gsimcli (Geostatistical SIMulation for the homogenisation of CLImate data), which is an improved and extended version of that approach. This technique is novel in its incorporation of spatial correlation metrics for the homogenisation of climate time series. The method's performance is assessed with annual and monthly precipitation, and monthly temperature data from two regions of the COST‐HOME benchmark data set, and the results are compared using performance metrics. We also evaluate a semi‐automatic version of the gsimcli method, which performs additional adjustments for sudden shifts. Both gsimcli versions provided similar results in the homogenisation of annual series. The gsimcli method was more efficient in the homogenisation of the benchmark's precipitation series than the original geostatistical approach. The gsimcli approach performed more closely to state‐of‐the‐art procedures in the homogenisation of monthly data than in the homogenisation of annual data. We expect that the proposed procedure will open new perspectives for the development of techniques that detect and correct inhomogeneities in climate data with monthly and sub‐monthly resolution.
Validation of a new high‐throughput method to determine urinary S‐phenylmercapturic acid using low‐temperature partitioning extraction and ultra high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Gomes Rafaela de Paiva , Pena Camila Bárbara , Rezende Jennifer , Coutrim Mauricio Xavier , Afonso Robson José de Cássia Franco 
Published: November 2016

A new highly sensitive and environmentally friendly analytical method, using low‐temperature partition extraction and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, without the use of a labeled analyte, was developed and validated to determine and quantify urinary S‐phenylmercapturic acid in urine samples. The World Health Organization, in its guidelines for air quality in Europe, recognizes that benzene is carcinogenic to humans and there is no safe level of exposure. Urinary S‐phenylmercapturic acid is a sensitive and specific biological marker of exposure to benzene. The new analytical method, extraction, and analysis, were linear in the working range between 0.1 and 200.0 μg/L, precise (relative standard deviation lower than 6.0%), accurate (97.0–105.0%), and sensitive. The method's limits of detection and quantification were 0.02 and 0.084 μg/L, respectively. The recovery with the low‐temperature partition extraction was 96.1%, with relative standard deviation less than 3.8%. The method is simple, accurate, and reproducible, and has been successfully applied in the evaluation of nonoccupational exposure to benzene, by urinary S‐phenylmercapturic acid in urine samples.
On the relation between plasma power and aging treatment in the production of thin aluminum zirconium foils by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Egorova A. , Kovac J. , v. Hehl A. , Mehner A. , Zoch H.‐W. 
Published: November 2016

In the foregoing years, micro components were frequently employed in various sectors such as the electronics and medical industry. In order to produce these components in large amounts and satisfying quality, the production processes have to be improved constantly. Heat treatment represents a critical step in the production chain of micro components, since it can either soften the foils for micro forming or increase the hardness of the micro components after the cold forming process, provided those are made of hardenable materials. In the investigated Al–Zr alloy, the formation of small primary Al3Zr precipitations results in a considerable improvement of the material's hardness. However, the presence of precipitations in the Al–Zr foils drastically limits the formability. Additionally, the precipitations are nearly not avoidable in the casting of the raw material and irreversible due to the limited solubility of zirconium in aluminum (0.28 wt%) close to the melting point of the aluminum solution. To overcome this problem, magnetron sputtering was employed to fabricate zirconium supersaturated Al–Zr foils by taking advantage of a low substrate temperature (below 50 °C). In particular the plasma power seems to influence the aging behaviour of sputtered Al–Zr foils.
Influence of active component cooling on process speed and joint strength during continuous induction joining of glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 and steel
Authors: Hümbert M. , Mitschang P. 
Published: November 2016

Induction welding of metals and thermoplastic fiber reinforced polymer composites is a promising technology for the joining of hybrid components. It uses the possibility to induce eddy currents into a metal in order to melt the polymer of the adjacent composite. By applying pressure onto both parts, for example with a consolidation roller, the polymer adheres to the metal and a bond is generated.However, the relatively low process speed, caused by a slow cooling of the components, prevents a wide use of this method so far. Therefore, this study examines the influence of an active component cooling on the process speed and the resulting effects on the joining strength.
Monitoring acute metabolic changes in the liver and kidneys induced by fructose and glucose using hyperpolarized [2‐13C]dihydroxyacetone
Authors: Marco‐Rius Irene , von Morze Cornelius , Sriram Renuka , Cao Peng , Chang Gene‐Yuan , Milshteyn Eugene , Bok Robert A. , Ohliger Michael A. , Pearce David , Kurhanewicz John , Larson Peder E.Z. , Vigneron Daniel B. , Merritt Matthew 
Published: November 2016

PurposeTo investigate acute changes in glucose metabolism in liver and kidneys in vivo after a bolus injection of either fructose or glucose, using hyperpolarized [2‐13C]dihydroxyacetone.MethodsSpatially registered, dynamic, multislice MR spectroscopy was acquired for the metabolic products of [2‐13C]dihydroxyacetone in liver and kidneys. Metabolism was probed in 13 fasted rats at three time points: 0, 70, and 140 min. At 60 min, rats were injected intravenously with fructose (n = 5) or glucose (n = 4) at 0.8 g/kg to initiate acute response. Controls (n = 4) did not receive a carbohydrate challenge.ResultsTen minutes after fructose infusion, levels of [2‐13C]phosphoenolpyruvate and [2‐13C]glycerol‐3‐phosphate halved in liver: 51% (P = 0.0010) and 47% (P = 0.0001) of baseline, respectively. Seventy minutes later, levels returned to baseline. The glucose challenge did not alter the signals significantly, nor did repeated administration of the dihydroxyacetone imaging bolus. In kidneys, no statistically significant changes were detected after sugar infusion other than a 20% increase of the glycerol‐3‐phosphate signal between 10 and 80 min after fructose injection (P = 0.0028).ConclusionHyperpolarized [2‐13C]dihydroxyacetone detects a real‐time, transient metabolic response of the liver to an acute fructose challenge. Observed effects possibly include ATP depletion and changes in the unlabeled pool sizes of glycolytic intermediates. Magn Reson Med 77:65–73, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Direct estimation of tracer‐kinetic parameter maps from highly undersampled brain dynamic contrast enhanced MRI
Authors: Guo Yi , Lingala Sajan Goud , Zhu Yinghua , Lebel R. Marc , Nayak Krishna S. 
Published: November 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this work was to develop and evaluate a T1‐weighted dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI methodology where tracer‐kinetic (TK) parameter maps are directly estimated from undersampled (k,t)‐space data.Theory and MethodsThe proposed reconstruction involves solving a nonlinear least squares optimization problem that includes explicit use of a full forward model to convert parameter maps to (k,t)‐space, utilizing the Patlak TK model. The proposed scheme is compared against an indirect method that creates intermediate images by parallel imaging and compressed sensing before to TK modeling. Thirteen fully sampled brain tumor DCE‐MRI scans with 5‐second temporal resolution are retrospectively undersampled at rates R = 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 for each dynamic frame. TK maps are quantitatively compared based on root mean‐squared‐error (rMSE) and Bland‐Altman analysis. The approach is also applied to four prospectively R = 30 undersampled whole‐brain DCE‐MRI data sets.ResultsIn the retrospective study, the proposed method performed statistically better than indirect method at R ≥ 80 for all 13 cases. This approach provided restoration of TK parameter values with less errors in tumor regions of interest, an improvement compared to a state‐of‐the‐art indirect method. Applied prospectively, the proposed method provided whole‐brain, high‐resolution TK maps with good image quality.ConclusionModel‐based direct estimation of TK maps from k,t‐space DCE‐MRI data is feasible and is compatible up to 100‐fold undersampling. Magn Reson Med 78:1566–1578, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Crystalline and active additive for optimization morphology and absorption of narrow bandgap polymer solar cells
Authors: Zhou Weihua , Ai Qingyun , Zhang Lin , Liu Xiangfu , Hu Xiaotian , Chen Yiwang 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe morphology of active layer with an interpenetrating network structure and appropriate phase separation is of great significance to improve the photovoltaic performance for polymer solar cells. A highly crystalline small molecule named DPP‐TP6 was synthesized and incorporated into the narrow bandgap polymer solar cells to optimize the morphology of PTB7:PC71BM active layer. The DPP‐TP6 small molecule was demonstrated to enhance the light absorbance of active layer and play the role of energy cascade to increase the exciton separation and charge transfer. What's more, DPP‐TP6 facilitated forming interpenetrating network structure and increasing the phase separation size of ternary blends. These phenomena lead to a higher hole mobility and a more balanced carrier mobility, so as to increase the power conversion efficiency to 7.85% at DPP‐TP6 weight ratio of 8 wt %, comparing to the pristine PTB7:PC71BM system of 6.50%. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 726–733
Click polymerization: The aurora of polymer synthetic methodology
Authors: Shi Yang , Sun Jing Zhi , Qin Anjun 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTAs an emerged efficient polymerization methodology, the click polymerization plays a significant role in the area of polymer and materials sciences. Similar to the click reaction, the click polymerization enjoys the advantages of high efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and high regio‐ and stereo‐selectivity etc. In this highlight, we summarize the recent progress on click polymerizations, with focus on the alkyne‐based ones. The challenges and opportunities in this area are also briefly discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 616–621
A Sustainable Approach for Post‐Disaster Rehabitation of Rural Heritage Settlements
Authors: Wang Yu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper is an attempt to rethink the concept of ‘cultural heritage’ in general and ‘living heritage’ in particular as applied by the conservation community, for example by the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (http://www.iccrom.org/priority‐areas/living‐heritage/).The arguments are informed by my investigation into the reconstruction of the heritage village of Taoping, damaged in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. In reviewing the evolution of theories conceptualizing heritage and its conservation, the inherent links to the ontology of modernity become apparent, and carry consequences particularly for heritage settlement conservation. Whereas rural settlements emerged from a long‐term communication between nature and people, in today's rural settlements this relationship is skewed by the inhabitants' own drive towards modernization. We see a confrontation between the modernity‐grounded heritage conservation and the likewise grounded modernization of the rural settlements. Modernity generated two contesting, even contradictory, movements: (1) generating the concept of (rural) heritage and heritage conservation intrinsically resting on habitation, and (2) the practice of modernization as performed by the inhabitants. The concept of ‘living heritage’ cannot interpret this dualism, as the initial (conservation‐worthy) relationship between land and people no longer exists. The appropriate term would be ‘lived‐in cultural heritage’, as becomes apparent in reconstructing a rural heritage settlement, a process that is complex, where the attitude of the community is volatile, and results of the reconstruction are uncertain. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
A Comparative Mechanistic and Kinetic Study of the Synthesis Reaction of 3, 4, 5‐Substituted Furan‐2(5H)‐ones: Solvent Effect
Authors: Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa , Shahraki Mehdi , Dehdab Maryam 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSolvent can influence kinetics and mechanism of a chemical reaction. Herein, the different behavior of solvent media on the competitive mechanism between benzaldehyde (1), 4‐ethylaniline (2) and diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (3) has been described when solvent was changed from acidic pH range (formic acid in the previous work) to values near or above neutrality (ethanol in the recent work). Experimental documents was obtained using UV‐vis and stopped‐flow spectrophotometry techniques. The results showed that the reaction in the presence of ethanol followed second order kinetics with respect to benzaldehyde (1) and 4‐ethylaniline (2), while it was second order kinetics in previous work (formic acid) in relation to 4‐ethylaniline (2) and diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (3). A speculative mechanism involving five steps was proposed that the first step encountered the largest energy barrier as a rate‐determining step (RDS). Furthermore, the influences of temperature and concentration on the reaction rate were investigated. Activation parameters (
,
and
) along with kinetics values (kove and Ea) were determined. The reaction was entropy controlled in ethanol as a solvent.
ESP Promoted “On Water” Click Reaction: A Highly Economic and Sustainable Protocol for 1,4‐Disubstituted‐1H‐1,2,3‐Triazole Synthesis at Room Temperature
Authors: Konwar Manashjyoti , Ali Abdul A. , Chetia Mitali , Saikia Prakash J. , Khupse Nageshwar D. , Sarma Diganta 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA highly economic and green protocol for azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions in water has been developed which offers a mild, practical and inexpensive basic alternative to the conventional protocols. The protocol uses readily available, considered as waste material, Egg Shell Powder (ESP) as an additive for CuAAC reaction. The reactions proceeded in water in presence of this basic waste material derived additive under ‘external base/ligand/reducing agent/organic solvent’ free conditions affording good to excellent yields of the desired products.
Regulation of SBA‐15, γ‐Al2O3, ZSM‐5 and MgO on Molybdenum oxide and Consequent Effect on DME Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhou , Zhang Qingde , Jia Lingyu , Wang Wenfeng , Gao Xiaofeng , Gu Yingying , Gao Xiujuan , Han Yizhuo , Tan Yisheng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMoO3 supported on SBA‐15, γ‐Al2O3, ZSM‐5 and MgO were prepared in this paper, the regulation of the support on the molybdenum oxide was explored. When the same molar ratio of MoO3 was loaded, three dimensional MoO3 were formed only over SBA‐15, γ‐Al2O3 and ZSM‐5, while MoOx domains were detected over MgO. Mo6+ species detected on SBA‐15, γ‐Al2O3, ZSM‐5 and MgO were almost at the same binding energy position while surface oxygen species detected on the surface were obviously at different position of binding energy. The amount of lattice oxygen predominates in the surface oxygen species of MoO3‐γ‐Al2O3 and MoO3‐MgO while the surface hydroxyl groups have most amounts in MoO3‐SBA‐15 and MoO3‐ZSM‐5. The surface acid property of the support rather than pH value of impregnating solution makes more contributions to governing the ratio of tetrahedral or octahedral molybdenum oxide. High content of lattice oxygen and more amounts of Lewis acid in γ‐Al2O3 are apt to form formaldehyde, and high content of surface hydroxyl group and more amounts of Bronsted acid sites in ZSM‐5 are in favor of the formation of methanol.
Regio‐Selective Phosphation and Phosphonation of 9‐Fluorenones
Authors: Deshidi Ramesh , Devari Shekaraiah , Rizvi Masood , Shah Bhahwal Ali 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA method for regio‐selective phosphation and phopshonation at 9‐position of fluorenones has been developed. The outcome of reaction can be controlled by varying temperature viz., at low temperature phosphonate is the exclusive product, whereas at high temperature phosphate is the favoured product. The reaction is easy to set up, involves mild conditions and proceeds efficiently over a broad range of substrates with excellent functional group tolerance.
Cobalt Complexes Offering Aryldicarboxylic Acid Groups: Hydrogen Bonding Assemblies and the Resultant Topologies
Authors: Srivastava Sumit , Gupta Rajeev 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis work reports synthesis of tris‐chelated Co3+ complexes, either having mer or fac geometries, and bis‐chelated Co3+ complexes containing appended aryldicarboxylic acid groups. The tris‐chelated complexes offer six appended –COOH groups while bis‐chelated complexes provide eight –COOH groups. Both tris‐ and bis‐chelated complexes participate in intermolecular hydrogen bonding to generate complicated yet interesting self‐assembled architectures that has been simplified by the topological analyses. We evaluate the effect of tris‐ versus bis‐chelated complexes; mer versus fac geometrical forms; lattice solvent molecules; and cations on the hydrogen bonding based self‐assemblies.