bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hopelessness and Low Social and Occupational Functioning are Associated with Non-Recovery from Depression—Results of a 6-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Viinamäki Heimo , Koivumaa-Honkanen Heli , Honkalampi Kirsi , Haatainen Kaisa , Tolmunen Tommi , Antikainen Risto , Hintikka Jukka 
Published: November 2017

Objective The aim of this study was to explore variables associated with poor recovery from depression. Method A sample of depressive patients (n = 121) referred to treatment was followed prospectively for 6 years. Clinical evaluations were done at baseline and at 6 month, 1, 2 and 6 years study visits. A diagnosis of major depression based on SCID interview at 6 year and high BDI score along follow-up indicated poor recovery. A diagnosis of full remission at 6 year and low BDI score during follow-up indicated good recovery. Results Chronic depression was found in 15% of patients. A repeated measures analysis of variance of HDRS-, SCL-90, hopelessness (HS) and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) scores showed that those with poor recovery had recovered poorly also according these scales during the whole follow-up. Treatment factors did not associate with recovery. Logistic regression analyses revealed an independent association between poor recovery at 6 year and both high HS- and low SOFAS scores at 12 months, 24 months and 6 year assessments. Conclusions Assessment of hopelessness and social and occupational functioning help to early identify high-risk patients who would be in need for more individually tailored treatments.
Efficacy and Safety of Sitagliptin in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gadsby Roger 
Published: November 2017

Background Sitagliptin was launched into the UK Market in 2007, as the first member of a new class of oral glucose lowering medications, the Dipetidyl Peptidase 4 inhibitors. Aim To review the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin and discuss its place in therapy. Method Expert review using published reviews and papers published on sitagliptin, information on guideline recommendations for sitagliptin and DPP4 inhibitors, and discussion of the author's use of the agent. Results Evidence from a Cochrane review and meta-analysis of 14 trials or study arms suggests that sitagliptin lowers HBA1c by 0.7% in sitagliptin versus placebo trials. Evidence from a pooled safety database of 3415 people taking sitagliptin, and the Cochrane review show that the drug is well tolerated, causes no hypoglycaemia and is weight neutral. No specific signals of concern for the safety of sitagliptin have so far arisen in the pooled database. Guidelines recommend its use in triple therapy with metformin and sulphonylurea in dual therapy with metformin or sulphonylurea or thiazolidinedione in certain circumstances. Conclusion Sitagliptin from this initial data appears to be a safe, weight neutral and effective anti-diabetic agent.
Radiographic Outcome of Unstable Distal Radial Fracture Treated by Closed Reduction and Pin in Plaster
Authors: Hasankhani Ebrahim Ghaiem , Pivandi Mohamad Taghi , Nejad Ali Birjandi 
Published: November 2017

Background There is controversy about the appropriate treatment for severely displaced and unstable comminuted fracture of distal radius (type C of AO or OTA classification). Recently, there has been an increase in the number of predilection for surgical management of this fracture. Aim To determine the radiographic outcome in type C fractures of the distal radius treated with closed reduction and pin in plaster. Materials and Methods Eighty consecutive patients 60 male and 20 female, average age 40 years (22–60 years), with type C fractures of the distal radius seen between February 2001 and July 2003 in Shahid Kamiab Hospital of Mashad University, were treated by closed reduction and pin in plaster, followed up by anteroposterior and lateral radiographs to evaluate radial height, inclination and volar tilt. Results There was significant improvement in the measurements of radial height, inclination and volar tilt after closed reduction and pin in plaster, and at the time the pins and plaster were removed. (P = 0.00). Conclusion Closed reduction and pin in plaster is an effective, simple and low cost method in type C fractures of distal radius with satisfactory outcome.
Cost premiums for green buildings in Qatar
Authors: McKenna David 
Published: November 2017

The aim of this paper is to start a conversation about the cost premium for green buildings in Qatar. It examines what Qatar has achieved over the last decade and explores the root cause of green building cost premiums, why they exist, what can we do about them, and why should we accept them. For the purposes of this paper, the term green building specifically refers to buildings pursuing certification under USGBC's “LEED” or GORD's “GSAS” rating system, which are most commonly used in Qatar.
However, lower oil prices have led to tighter spending and a greater focus on value engineering and cost savings. It is assumed that the environmental benefits of green buildings are understood and taken as given. Accordingly, here we aim to shift the conversation toward how to maximize value from implementing green building rating systems. We analyze the costs and benefits of the main GB rating systems currently used in Qatar, such as GSAS and LEED. By identifying the costs of constructing a green building, in this study, we aim to inform developers how to minimize the cost premium while getting more benefits. We also identify some of the causes of key problems that can occur on GB projects, where GB cost premiums can increase beyond what is typical for the certification level achieved. These problems can often lead to symptoms beyond cost over-runs and can manifest themselves as time delays, quality, and other issues. In addition, some of the key strategies to reduce GB costs and increase the economic benefits from achieving GB certifications are identified.
We conclude the paper with some recommendations to authorities for adopting GB rating systems on a wider scale to achieve a greater scale of change. We focus on some key issues with the GSAS rating schemes that influence GB costs and strive for a common energy simulation approach for all regional GB rating systems in the GCC. We also discuss how the integrity of a GB rating system is imperative to building confidence in the value of each certification level, which should result in “Green Premiums” being reflected in the property market. Finally, we argue that with support from Qatar Green Building Council and GORD, Qatar's planning authorities should initiate programs for the sustainable development of buildings in Qatar.
Genome-wide association study of pigmentary traits (skin and iris color) in individuals of East Asian ancestry
Authors: Rawofi Lida , Edwards Melissa , Krithika S , Le Phuong , Cha David , Yang Zhaohui , Ma Yanyun , Wang Jiucun , Su Bing , Jin Li , Norton Heather L. , Parra Esteban J. 
Published: November 2017

Background
Currently, there is limited knowledge about the genetics underlying pigmentary traits in East Asian populations. Here, we report the results of the first genome-wide association study of pigmentary traits (skin and iris color) in individuals of East Asian ancestry.

Methods
We obtained quantitative skin pigmentation measures (M-index) in the inner upper arm of the participants using a portable reflectometer (N = 305). Quantitative measures of iris color (expressed as L*, a* and b* CIELab coordinates) were extracted from high-resolution iris pictures (N = 342). We also measured the color differences between the pupillary and ciliary regions of the iris (e.g., iris heterochromia). DNA samples were genotyped with Illumina’s Infinium Multi-Ethnic Global Array (MEGA) and imputed using the 1000 Genomes Phase 3 samples as reference haplotypes.

Results
For skin pigmentation, we did not observe any genome-wide significant signal. We followed-up in three independent Chinese samples the lead SNPs of five regions showing multiple common markers (minor allele frequency ≥ 5%) with good imputation scores and suggestive evidence of association (p-values < 10−5). One of these markers, rs2373391, which is located in an intron of the ZNF804B gene on chromosome 7, was replicated in one of the Chinese samples (p = 0.003). For iris color, we observed genome-wide signals in the OCA2 region on chromosome 15. This signal is driven by the non-synonymous rs1800414 variant, which explains 11.9%, 10.4% and 6% of the variation observed in the b*, a* and L* coordinates in our sample, respectively. However, the OCA2 region was not associated with iris heterochromia.

Discussion
Additional genome-wide association studies in East Asian samples will be necessary to further disentangle the genetic architecture of pigmentary traits in East Asian populations.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budgets in the Northwestern Mediterranean Deep Convection Region
Authors: Kessouri Faycal , Ulses Caroline , Estournel Claude , Marsaleix Patrick , Severin Tatiana , Pujo‐Pay Mireille , Caparros Jocelyne , Raimbault Patrick , Pasqueron de Fommervault Orens , D'Ortenzio Fabrizio , Taillandier Vincent , Testor Pierre , Conan Pascal 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study is to understand the biogeochemical cycles of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (NW Med), where a recurrent spring bloom related to dense water formation occurs. We used a coupled physical‐biogeochemical model at high resolution to simulate realistic 1 year period and analyze the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles. First, the model was evaluated using cruises carried out in winter, spring, and summer and a Bio‐Argo float deployed in spring. Then, the annual cycle of meteorological and hydrodynamical forcing and nutrients stocks in the upper layer were analyzed. Third, the effect of biogeochemical and physical processes on N and P was quantified. Fourth, we quantified the effects of the physical and biological processes on the seasonal changes of the molar NO3:PO4 ratio, particularly high compared to the global ocean. The deep convection reduced the NO3:PO4 ratio of upper waters, but consumption by phytoplankton increased it. Finally, N and P budgets were estimated. At the annual scale, this area constituted a sink of inorganic and a source of organic N and P for the peripheral area. NO3 and PO4 were horizontally advected from the peripheral regions into the intermediate waters (130–800 m) of the deep convection area, while organic matter was exported throughout the whole water column toward the surrounding areas. The annual budget suggests that the NW Med deep convection constitutes a major source of nutrients for the photic zone of the Mediterranean Sea.
Seismogenic Potential of a Gouge‐filled Fault and the Criterion for Its Slip Stability: Constraints From a Microphysical Model
Authors: Chen Jianye , Niemeijer A. R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPhysical constraints for the parameters of the rate‐and‐state friction (RSF) laws have been mostly lacking. We presented such constraints based on a microphysical model and demonstrated the general applicability to granular fault gouges deforming under hydrothermal conditions in a companion paper. In this paper, we examine the transition velocities for contrasting frictional behavior (i.e., strengthening to weakening and vice versa) and the slip stability of the model. The model predicts a steady state friction coefficient that increases with slip rate at very low and high slip rates and decreases in between. This allows the transition velocities to be theoretically obtained and the unstable slip regime (Vs→w < V < Vw→s) to be defined. In a spring‐slider configuration, linear perturbation analysis provides analytical expressions of the critical stiffness (Kc) below which unstable slip occurs and of the critical recurrence wavelength (Wc) and static stress drop (Δμs) associated with self‐sustained oscillations or stick slips. Numerical implementation of the model predicts frictional behavior that exhibits consecutive transitions from stable sliding, via periodic oscillations, to unstable stick slips with decreasing elastic stiffness or loading rate, and gives Kc, Wc, Δμs, Vs→w, and Vw→s values that are consistent with the analytical predictions. General scaling relations of these parameters given by the model are consistent with previous interpretations in the context of RSF laws and agree well with previous experiments, testifying to high validity. From these physics‐based expressions that allow a more reliable extrapolation to natural conditions, we discuss the seismological implications for natural faults and present topics for future work.
Interannual Variations of Surface Currents and Transports in the Sicily Channel Derived From Coastal Altimetry
Authors: Jebri Fatma , Zakardjian Bruno , Birol Florence , Bouffard Jérôme , Jullion Loïc , Sammari Cherif 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA 20 year coastal altimetry data set (X‐TRACK) is used, for the first time, to gain insight into the long‐term interannual variations of the surface circulation in the Sicily Channel. First, a spectral along with a time/space diagram analysis are applied to the monthly means. They reveal a regionally coherent current patterns from track to track with a marked interannual variability that is unequally shared between the Atlantic Tunisian Current and Atlantic Ionian Stream inflows in the Sicily Channel and the Bifurcation Tyrrhenian Current outflow northeast of Sicily. Second, an empirical altimetry‐based transport‐like technique is proposed to quantify volume budgets inside the closed boxes formed by the crossing of the altimetry tracks and coastlines over the study area. A set of hydrographic measurements is used to validate the method. The inferred altimetry transports give a well‐balanced mean eastward Atlantic Waters baroclinic flow of 0.4 Sv and standard deviations of 0.2 Sv on a yearly basis throughout the Sicily Channel and toward the Ionian Sea, which is fairly coherent with those found in the literature. Furthermore, the analysis allows to quantify the intrusions of Atlantic Waters over the Tunisian Shelf (0.12 ± 0.1 Sv) and highlights two main modes of variability of the main surface waters path over the Sicily Channel through the Bifurcation Atlantic Tunisian Current and Atlantic Ionian Stream systems. Some physical mechanisms are finally discussed with regards to changes in the observed currents and transports.
Dynamical Evolution of Intense Ierapetra Eddies on a 22 Year Long Period
Authors: Ioannou Artemis , Stegner Alexandre , Le Vu Briac , Taupier‐Letage Isabelle , Speich Sabrina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractConsidered as wind forced, the recurrent formation of Ierapetra eddy affects the Eastern Mediterranean Sea circulation. Even though this large, coherent, and long‐lived anticyclone has been extensively studied, there are only few quantitative information on its dynamical characteristics. The main goal of this study is to quantify the Ierapetra eddies (IEs) intensity and examine their seasonal and interannual variability over a 22 year period (1993–2014). We choose the automatic eddy detection algorithm AMEDA to estimate the main IEs dynamical parameters such as their size, their intensities, and their lifetimes. Applied to daily AVISO altimetric products, the AMEDA allows a full eddy characterization providing additional information on vortex velocity profiles as well as on merging and splitting events. Among the years of observations, the IEs Rossby number experience a strong variability and could vary by a factor 4 (Ro = 0.07–0.27). This is mainly due to the eddy velocity variations rather than size variations. Moreover, we found that after their formation IEs could reintensify. This intensification process may lead to a doubling of the vortex intensity in less than 4 months. That extra input of energy coincides with the Etesian winds period. Such high intensities are not expected from large‐scale anticyclones and require cyclogeostrophic corrections. Considering this ageostrophic part, the maximum values of the core vorticity were derived and we found that the IEs might sometimes exhibit a negative potential vorticity core. Evidences on the eddy intensity from two oceanographic campaigns suggest that the IEs are probably more intense than we even estimate.
Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy of Combined Cancer Phototherapy by Ultrasound‐Mediated In Situ Conversion of Near‐Infrared Cyanine/Porphyrin Microbubbles into Nanoparticles
Authors: Xu Yunxue , Liang Xiaolong , Bhattarai Pravin , Sun Yang , Zhou Yiming , Wang Shumin , Chen Wen , Ge Huiyu , Wang Jinrui , Cui Ligang , Dai Zhifei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs)‐based diagnosis and phototherapy are emerging as the cutting‐edge technologies for detection and treatment of cancer but their applications are still limited since insufficient and heterogeneous NPs accumulation in cancer often causes recurrence. To overcome these limitations, multifunctional microbubbles (MBs) were constructed with 1, 1‐dioctadecyl‐3, 3, 3, 3‐tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR) and porphyrin grafted lipid (PGL). Both DiR and PGL self‐assembled as microbubbles, the as‐designed PGL‐DiR MBs possess remarkably high drug loading contents (5.8% PGL and 10.38% DiR) and stable co‐delivery drug combinations. In vivo experiments showed PGL‐DiR MBs could serve as an excellent ultrasound contrast agent to enhance ultrasound imaging greatly for identifying the location and size of the tumors. Upon exposure to ultrasound, in situ conversion of PGL‐DiR MBs into nanoparticles resulted in a remarkable increase in fluorescence intensity (~5 folds) in tumor compared with PGL‐DiR NPs, validating the enhanced tumor accumulation and cellular uptake of therapeutic agents. PGL‐DiR MBs showed complete tumor ablation without recurrence in vivo, while PGL‐DiR NPs showed only 72.6% tumor growth inhibition at the same dose. We believe that PGL‐DiR MBs will soon reach their full potential as an important class of phototherapeutic formulations and will contribute to remarkable advances in cancer treatments.
Schottky‐Barrier‐Controllable Graphene Electrode to Boost Rectification in Organic Vertical P–N Junction Photodiodes
Authors: Kim Jong Su , Choi Young Jin , Woo Hwi Je , Yang Jeehye , Song Young Jae , Kang Moon Sung , Cho Jeong Ho 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMonolayer graphene is used as an electrode to develop novel electronic device architectures that exploit the unique, atomically thin structure of the material with a low density of states at its charge neutrality point. For example, a single semiconductor layer stacked onto graphene can provide a semiconductor–electrode junction with a tunable injection barrier, which is the basis for a primitive transistor architecture known as the Schottky barrier field‐effect transistor. This work demonstrates the next level of complexity in a vertical graphene–semiconductor architecture. Specifically, an organic vertical p‐n junction (p‐type pentacene/n‐type N,N′‐dioctyl‐3,4,9,10‐perylenedicarboximide (PTCDI‐C8)) on top of a graphene electrode constituting a novel gate‐tunable photodiode device structure is fabricated. The model device confirms that controlling the Schottky barrier height at the pentacene–graphene junction can (i) suppress the dark current density and (ii) enhance the photocurrent of the device, both of which are critical to improve the performance of a photodiode.
Triflic Acid as an Efficient Brønsted Acid Promoter for the Umpolung of N‐Ac Indoles in Hydroarylation Reactions
Authors: Nandi Raj Kumar , Perez‐Luna Alejandro , Gori Didier , Beaud Rodolphe , Guillot Régis , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Gandon Vincent , Vincent Guillaume 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe report that triflic acid, a strong Brønsted acid, is a very powerful alternative to FeCl3 to mediate the hydroarylation of N−Ac indoles, which delivers regioselectively 3‐arylindolines, 3,3‐spiroindolines or 2‐arylindolines. Mechanistic explorations point towards the existence of a highly electrophilic intermediate by simultaneous activation of the acetyl and of the C2=C3 bond by protons.magnified image
Flexible, Transparent, Sensitive, and Crosstalk‐Free Capacitive Tactile Sensor Array Based on Graphene Electrodes and Air Dielectric
Authors: Pyo Soonjae , Choi Jungwook , Kim Jongbaeg 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe development of sensitive, flexible, and transparent tactile sensors is of great interest for next‐generation flexible displays and human–machine interfaces. Although a few materials and structural designs have been previously developed for high‐performance tactile sensors, achieving flexibility, full transparency, and highly sensitive multipoint recognition without crosstalk remains a significant challenge for such systems. This work demonstrates a capacitive tactile sensor composed of two sets of facing graphene electrodes separated by spacers, which forms an air dielectric between them. The air gap facilitates more effective deformation of the top graphene electrode under pressure compared to typical elastomer dielectrics, resulting in a high sensitivity of 6.55% kPa−1 and a fast response time of ≈70 ms. Taking advantage of the remarkable properties of graphene for electrode usage, the tactile sensor presents sufficient transparency (over 70% at 550 nm) as well as excellent electrical and mechanical flexibility for 500 cycles at a bending radius of 8 mm. Simulated and experimental results validate that the isolation of each tactile cell by the spacers allows the pixelated sensor array to recognize the spatial distribution of applied pressure without crosstalk. The proposed sensor would be a promising candidate for tactile sensing components that require both flexibility and transparency.
Trifluoromethylfluorosulfonylation of Unactivated Alkenes Using Readily Available Ag(O2CCF2SO2F) and N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide
Authors: Liu Yongan , Wu Hao , Guo Yong , Xiao Ji‐Chang , Chen Qing‐Yun , Liu Chao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPresented is a novel intermolecular radical trifluoromethylfluorosulfonylation of unactivated alkenes under mild reaction conditions with good functional‐group tolerance in the most atom‐economic manner by using readily available Ag(O2CCF2SO2F) and N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI). Both the trifluoromethyl and sulfonyl groups in the products originate from Ag(O2CCF2SO2F).
Trockenbausystem aus Carbonbeton
Authors: Dinkelaker Max , Michel Albert , Schladitz Frank , Aurbach Stefanie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIm Rahmen der Carbonbetonentwicklung steht oft die Frage im Raum: „In welchen Bereichen kann man das Anwendungsfeld des Carbonbetons erweitern?“ Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung zeigt die mögliche Anwendung des Carbonbetons im Trockenbausystem. Nach einer ersten Begriffsdefinition wird allgemein auf Trockenbausysteme eingegangen. Davon abgeleitet wird die Anwendung von Carbonbeton in diesem Bereich. Erste vielversprechende Ergebnisse aus Berechnungen, Experimenten und Praxistests werden präsentiert.
Uptake of home dialysis in younger adults: case studies that illustrate the multifaceted influence of home circumstances on dialysis decisions
Authors: Collingridge Louise , Equinox Keri‐Lu , Frasca Serena , Simmonds Rosemary , Tomlins Melinda , Chow Josephine 
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical MessageYounger adults considering home dialysis need support to ensure home circumstances are suitable and affordable. Home circumstances relate closely to the financial burden reported by younger home dialysis users. Attention to home circumstances of younger patients with chronic kidney disease by policymakers, funders, and healthcare practitioners is needed.