bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of Lsd1 triggers senescence in trophoblast stem cells by induction of Sirt4
Authors: Castex Josefina , Willmann Dominica , Kanouni Toufike , Arrigoni Laura , Li Yan , Friedrich Marcel , Schleicher Michael , Wöhrle Simon , Pearson Mark , Kraut Norbert , Méret Michaël , Manke Thomas , Metzger Eric , Schüle Roland , Günther Thomas 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCoordination of energy metabolism is essential for homeostasis of stem cells, whereas an imbalance in energy homeostasis causes disease and accelerated aging. Here we show that deletion or enzymatic inactivation of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (Lsd1) triggers senescence in trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of TSCs following Lsd1 inhibition shows gene set enrichment of aging and metabolic pathways. Consistently, global metabolomic and phenotypic analyses disclose an unbalanced redox status, decreased glutamine anaplerosis and mitochondrial function. Loss of homeostasis is caused by increased expression of sirtuin 4 (Sirt4), a Lsd1-repressed direct target gene. Accordingly, Sirt4 overexpression in wild-type TSCs recapitulates the senescence phenotype initiated by Lsd1 deletion or inhibition. Inversely, absence of Lsd1 enzymatic activity concomitant with knockdown of Sirt4 reestablishes normal glutamine anaplerosis, redox balance and mitochondrial function. In conclusion, by repression of Sirt4, Lsd1 directs the epigenetic control of TSC immortality via maintenance of metabolic flexibility.
Dicer promotes tumorigenesis by translocating to nucleus to promote SFRP1 promoter methylation in cholangiocarcinoma cells
Authors: Cheng Wenlong , Qi Yongqiang , Tian Li , Wang Bing , Huang Wenhua , Chen Yongjun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDicer, a member of the RNase III family of endoribonucleases, has an important role in regulating methylation of CpG islands in mammal cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that upregulation of Dicer in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells and its translocation to nuclues to interact with heterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α). The nuclear Dicer/HP1α complex appeared to promote both H3K9 trimethylation and DNA methylation of the secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) promoter. The expression of Dicer negatively correlated with that of SFRP1 and it appeared to promote CCA cell proliferation and invasion through repression of SFRP1 gene. High expression of Dicer in tumor tissues was significantly associated with larger tumor size (>3 cm) and lymph node metastasis. Our findings help characterize the role of Dicer in epigenetic regulation and tumorigenesis in the context of CCA.
Unraveling the processes shaping mammalian gut microbiomes over evolutionary time
Authors: Groussin Mathieu , Mazel Florent , Sanders Jon G. , Smillie Chris S. , Lavergne Sébastien , Thuiller Wilfried , Alm Eric J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhether mammal–microbiome interactions are persistent and specific over evolutionary time is controversial. Here we show that host phylogeny and major dietary shifts have affected the distribution of different gut bacterial lineages and did so on vastly different bacterial phylogenetic resolutions. Diet mostly influences the acquisition of ancient and large microbial lineages. Conversely, correlation with host phylogeny is mostly seen among more recently diverged bacterial lineages, consistent with processes operating at similar timescales to host evolution. Considering microbiomes at appropriate phylogenetic scales allows us to model their evolution along the mammalian tree and to infer ancient diets from the predicted microbiomes of mammalian ancestors. Phylogenetic analyses support co-speciation as having a significant role in the evolution of mammalian gut microbiome compositions. Highly co-speciating bacterial genera are also associated with immune diseases in humans, laying a path for future studies that probe these co-speciating bacteria for signs of co-evolution.
Direct observation of intrinsic twin domains in tetragonal CH3NH3PbI3
Authors: Rothmann Mathias Uller , Li Wei , Zhu Ye , Bach Udo , Spiccia Leone , Etheridge Joanne , Cheng Yi-Bing 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskites are exciting candidates for next-generation solar cells, with CH3NH3PbI3being one of the most widely studied. While there have been intense efforts to fabricate and optimize photovoltaic devices using CH3NH3PbI3, critical questions remain regarding the crystal structure that governs its unique properties of the hybrid perovskite material. Here we report unambiguous evidence for crystallographic twin domains in tetragonal CH3NH3PbI3, observed using low-dose transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. The domains are around 100–300 nm wide, which disappear/reappear above/below the tetragonal-to-cubic phase transition temperature (approximate 57 °C) in a reversible process that often ‘memorizes’ the scale and orientation of the domains. Since these domains exist within the operational temperature range of solar cells, and have dimensions comparable to the thickness of typical CH3NH3PbI3films in the solar cells, understanding the twin geometry and orientation is essential for further improving perovskite solar cells.
Global view of cognate kinase activation by the human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Authors: Guevara Elena L. , Yang Luying , Birkaya Barbara , Zhou Jieyu , Nemeria Natalia S. , Patel Mulchand S. , Jordan Frank 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) comprises four multidomain components, E1, E3, E2 and an E3-binding protein (E3BP), the latter two forming the core as E2·E3BP sub-complex. Pyruvate flux through PDC is regulated via phosphorylation (inactivation) at E1 by four PDC kinases (PDKs), and reactivation by two PDC phosphatases. Up-regulation of PDK isoform gene expression is reported in several forms of cancer, while PDKs may be further activated by PDC by binding to the E2·E3BP core. Hence, the PDK: E2·E3BP interaction provides new therapeutic targets. We carried out both functional kinetic and thermodynamic studies to demonstrate significant differences in the activation of PDK isoforms by binding to the E2·E3BP core: (i) PDK2 needs no activation by E2·E3BP for efficient functioning, while PDK4 was the least effective of the four isoforms, and could not be activated by E2·E3BP. Hence, development of inhibitors to the interaction of PDK2 and PDK4 with E2·E3BP is not promising; (ii) Design of inhibitors to interfere with interaction of E2·E3BP with PDK1 and PDK3 is promising. PDK3 needs E2·E3BP core for activation, an activation best achieved by synergistic combination of E2-derived catalytic domain and tridomain.
Threshold of long-term survival of a coastal delphinid in anthropogenically degraded environment: Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins in Pearl River Delta
Authors: Karczmarski Leszek , Huang Shiang-Lin , Chan Stephen C.Y. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDefining demographic and ecological threshold of population persistence can assist in informing conservation management. We undertook such analyses for the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, southeast China. We use adult survival estimates for assessments of population status and annual rate of change. Our estimates indicate that, given a stationary population structure and minimal risk scenario, ~2000 individuals (minimum viable population in carrying capacity, MVPk) can maintain the population persistence across 40 generations. However, under the current population trend (~2.5% decline/annum), the population is fast approaching its viability threshold and may soon face effects of demographic stochasticity. The population demographic trajectory and the minimum area of critical habitat (MACH) that could prevent stochastic extinction are both highly sensitive to fluctuations in adult survival. For a hypothetical stationary population, MACH should approximate 3000-km2. However, this estimate increases four-fold with a 5% increase of adult mortality and exceeds the size of PRD when calculated for the current population status. On the other hand, cumulatively all current MPAs within PRD fail to secure the minimum habitat requirement to accommodate sufficiently viable population size. Our findings indicate that the PRD population is deemed to become extinct unless effective conservation measures can rapidly reverse the current population trend.
Regulation of visual Wulst cell responsiveness by imprinting causes stimulus-specific activation of rostral cells
Authors: Nakamori Tomoharu , Kato Tomomi , Sakagami Hiroyuki , Tanaka Kohichi , Ohki-Hamazaki Hiroko 
Published: February 2017

AbstractImprinting behaviour in chicks can be induced exclusively during a short period after hatching. During this period, visual information on the imprinting stimulus is conveyed to the visual Wulst (VW) in the telencephalon, which corresponds to the visual cortex of mammals, and then to the memory-storing region known as the intermediate medial mesopallium. These two regions are indispensable for imprinting. We previously showed that imprinting training altered the response pattern of the VW to the imprinting stimulus; however, the precise distribution of cells and the mechanism involved with this altered response remains unclear. Here we showed that a specific population of rostral VW cells responded to the imprinting stimulus by analysing the subcellular localization of Arc/arg3.1 transcripts in VW cells. GABAergic parvalbumin (PV) cells are abundant in the dorsal region of this area, and imprinting training doubled the number of activated PV-positive neurons. An injection of bicuculline, a GABA(A) receptor antagonist, in the dorsal VW disturbed the rostral distribution of responsive cells and thus resulted in a lack of imprinting. These results suggest that activated PV cells restrict VW cells response to dorsal area to form a specific imprinting pathway.
Widespread methane seepage along the continental margin off Svalbard - from Bjørnøya to Kongsfjorden
Authors: Mau S. , Römer M. , Torres M. E. , Bussmann I. , Pape T. , Damm E. , Geprägs P. , Wintersteller P. , Hsu C.-W. , Loher M. , Bohrmann G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNumerous articles have recently reported on gas seepage offshore Svalbard, because the gas emission from these Arctic sediments was thought to result from gas hydrate dissociation, possibly triggered by anthropogenic ocean warming. We report on findings of a much broader seepage area, extending from 74° to 79°, where more than a thousand gas discharge sites were imaged as acoustic flares. The gas discharge occurs in water depths at and shallower than the upper edge of the gas hydrate stability zone and generates a dissolved methane plume that is hundreds of kilometer in length. Data collected in the summer of 2015 revealed that 0.02–7.7% of the dissolved methane was aerobically oxidized by microbes and a minor fraction (0.07%) was transferred to the atmosphere during periods of low wind speeds. Most flares were detected in the vicinity of the Hornsund Fracture Zone, leading us to postulate that the gas ascends along this fracture zone. The methane discharges on bathymetric highs characterized by sonic hard grounds, whereas glaciomarine and Holocene sediments in the troughs apparently limit seepage. The large scale seepage reported here is not caused by anthropogenic warming.
Enhanced Fenton-like Degradation of Trichloroethylene by Hydrogen Peroxide Activated with Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron Loaded on Biochar
Authors: Yan Jingchun , Qian Linbo , Gao Weiguo , Chen Yun , Ouyang Da , Chen Mengfang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractComposite of nanoscale Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) loaded on Biochar (BC) was prepared and characterized as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) activator for the degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE). nZVI is homogeneously loaded on lamellarly structured BC surfaces to form nZVI/BC with specific surface area (SBET) of 184.91 m2 g−1, which can efficiently activate H2O2 to achieve TCE degradation efficiency of 98.9% with TOC removal of 78.2% within 30 min under the conditions of 0.10 mmol L−1 TCE, 1.13 g L−1 nZVI/BC and 1.50 mmol L−1 H2O2. Test results from the Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurement and coumarin based fluorescent probe technology indicated that ∙OH radicals were the dominant species responsible for the degradation of TCE within the nZVI/BC-H2O2 system. Activation mechanism of the redox action of Fe2+/Fe3+ generated under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions from nZVI and single electron transfer process from BC surface bound C–OH to H2O2 promoted decomposition of H2O2 into ∙OH radicals was proposed.
Direct observation of the dynamics of single metal ions at the interface with solids in aqueous solutions
Authors: Ricci Maria , Trewby William , Cafolla Clodomiro , Voïtchovsky Kislon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe dynamics of ions adsorbed at the surface of immersed charged solids plays a central role in countless natural and industrial processes such as crystal growth, heterogeneous catalysis, electrochemistry, or biological function. Electrokinetic measurements typically distinguish between a so-called Stern layer of ions and water molecules directly adsorbed on to the solid’s surface, and a diffuse layer of ions further away from the surface. Dynamics within the Stern layer remain poorly understood, largely owing to a lack of in-situ atomic-level insights. Here we follow the dynamics of single Rb+ and H3O+ ions at the surface of mica in water using high-resolution atomic force microscopy with 25 ms resolution. Our results suggest that single hydrated Rb+ions reside τ1 = 104 ± 5 ms at a given location, but this is dependent on the hydration state of the surface which evolves on a slower timescale of τ2 = 610 ± 30 ms depending on H3O+ adsorption. Increasing the liquid’s temperature from 5 °C to 65 °C predictably decreases the apparent glassiness of the interfacial water, but no clear effect on the ions’ dynamics was observed, indicating a diffusion-dominated process. These timescales are remarkably slow for individual monovalent ions and could have important implications for interfacial processes in electrolytes.
Antioxidant response is a protective mechanism against nutrient deprivation in C. elegans
Authors: Tao Jun , Wu Qin-Yi , Ma Yi-Cheng , Chen Yuan-Li , Zou Cheng-Gang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAnimals often experience periods of nutrient deprivation; however, the molecular mechanisms by which animals survive starvation remain largely unknown. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the nuclear receptor DAF-12 acts as a dietary and environmental sensor to orchestrate diverse aspects of development, metabolism, and reproduction. Recently, we have reported that DAF-12 together with co-repressor DIN-1S is required for starvation tolerance by promoting fat mobilization. In this report, we found that genetic inactivation of the DAF-12 signaling promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during starvation. ROS mediated systemic necrosis, thereby inducing organismal death. The DAF-12/DIN-1S complex up-regulated the expression of antioxidant genes during starvation. The antioxidant enzyme GST-4 in turn suppressed ROS formation, thereby conferring worm survival. Our findings highlight the importance of antioxidant response in starvation tolerance and provide a novel insight into multiple organisms survive and adapt to periods of nutrient deprivation.
Can Largemouth Bass Transplanted from an Unexploited Population Genetically Contribute to an Active Fishery? A Test Case for Genetic Management of Exploited Fish Populations
Authors: Hessenauer Jan-Michael , Vokoun Jason , Welsh Amy , Davis Justin , Jacobs Robert , O’ Donnell Eileen 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Recreational fishing is one of the most popular outdoor activities in the world, resulting in substantial effects on recreational fish stocks. Recent studies have found that recreational angling may drive fisheries-induced evolution, resulting in changes in the size, behavior, and physiology of exploited recreational stocks. Traditional harvest-based management of recreational fisheries may be unable to mitigate these changes, especially with the rise of catch-and-release practices for many fisheries. We explored the potential to genetically manage exploited fisheries by introducing individuals from unexploited populations as a means to mitigate selection from recreational angling. We stocked 77 individuals from an unexploited population of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides and 79 individuals from an exploited population into a third water body (with an active fishery) and evaluated the extent to which each group of stocked fish contributed to fall age-0 recruits. Fifty-four percent of the sampled age-0 Largemouth Bass with reliable parentage were hybrids of stocked and resident parents. Individuals from the exploited and unexploited populations contributed to the age-0 sample in proportion to their initial abundances. No sex-biased contribution was detected between the exploited and unexploited individuals stocked into the pond, although the largest females had the highest contribution to the age-0 sample. Age-0 fish originating from hybridization between unexploited and resident parents had significantly higher condition than age-0 recruits originating from two resident parents. We conclude that individuals from unexploited populations can successfully reproduce in an exploited system and that genetic management may be a feasible option for mitigating the effects of recreational fisheries-induced evolution.
Received January 12, 2016; accepted October 28, 2016 Published online February 23, 2017
Orders on file but no labs drawn: investigation of machine and human errors caused by an interface idiosyncrasy
Authors: Schreiber Richard , Sittig Dean F , Ash Joan , Wright Adam 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this report, we describe 2 instances in which expert use of an electronic health record (EHR) system interfaced to an external clinical laboratory information system led to unintended consequences wherein 2 patients failed to have laboratory tests drawn in a timely manner. In both events, user actions combined with the lack of an acknowledgment message describing the order cancellation from the external clinical system were the root causes. In 1 case, rapid, near-simultaneous order entry was the culprit; in the second, astute order management by a clinician, unaware of the lack of proper 2-way interface messaging from the external clinical system, led to the confusion. Although testing had shown that the laboratory system would cancel duplicate laboratory orders, it was thought that duplicate alerting in the new order entry system would prevent such events.
Analysis of Cost Variation in Craniotomy for Tumor Using 2 National Databases
Authors: Zygourakis Corinna C , Liu Caterina Y , Yoon Seungwon , Moriates Christopher , Boscardin Christy , Dudley R Adams , Lawton Michael T , Theodosopoulos Philip , Berger Mitchel S , Gonzales Ralph 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
There is a significant increase and large variation in craniotomy costs. However, the causes of cost differences in craniotomies remain poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the patient and hospital factors that underlie the cost variation in tumor craniotomies using 2 national databases: the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and Vizient, Inc. (Irving, Texas).

METHODS
For 41 483 patients who underwent primary surgery for supratentorial brain tumors from 2001 to 2013 in the NIS, we created univariate and multivariate models to evaluate the effect of several patient factors and hospital factors on total hospital cost. Similarly, we performed multivariate analysis with 15 087 cases in the Vizient 2012 to 2015 database.

RESULTS
In the NIS, the mean inflation-adjusted cost per tumor craniotomy increased 30%, from $23 021 in 2001 to $29 971 in 2013. In 2001, the highest cost region was the Northeast ($24 486 ± $1184), and by 2013 the western United States was the highest cost region ($36 058 ± $1684). Multivariate analyses with NIS data showed that male gender, white race, private insurance, higher mortality risk, higher severity of illness, longer length of stay, elective admissions, higher wage index, urban teaching hospitals, and hospitals in the western United States were associated with higher tumor craniotomy costs (all P < .05). Multivariate analyses with Vizient data confirmed that longer length of stay and the western United States were significantly associated with higher costs (P < .001).

CONCLUSION
After controlling for patient/clinical factors, hospital type, bed size, and wage index, hospitals in the western United States had higher costs than those in other parts of the country, based on analyses from 2 separate national databases.
Starspot activity and superflares on solar-type stars
Authors: Maehara Hiroyuki , Notsu Yuta , Notsu Shota , Namekata Kosuke , Honda Satoshi , Ishii Takako T. , Nogami Daisaku , Shibata Kazunari 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We analyze the correlation between starspots and superflares on solar-type stars using observations from the Kepler mission. The analysis shows that the observed fraction of stars with superflares decreases as the rotation period increases and as the amplitude of photometric variability associated with rotation decreases. We found that the fraction of stars with superflares among the stars showing large-amplitude rotational variations, which are thought to be the signature of the large starspots, also decreases as the rotation period increases. The small fraction of superflare stars among the stars with large starspots in the longer-period regime suggests that some of the stars with large starspots show a much lower flare activity than the superflare stars with the same spot area. Assuming simple relations between spot area and lifetime and between spot temperature and photospheric temperature, we compared the size distribution of large starspot groups on slowly rotating solar-type stars with that of sunspot groups. The size distribution of starspots shows the power-law distribution and the size distribution of larger sunspots lies on this power-law line. We also found that frequency–energy distributions for flares originating from spots with different sizes are the same for solar-type stars with superflares and the Sun. These results suggest that the magnetic activity we observe on solar-type stars with superflares and on the Sun is caused by the same physical processes.