bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The insect colonisation, succession, and decomposition of the domestic pig (Artiodactyla: Suidae) in southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Skopyk Angela D. , LeBlanc Hélène N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Studies documenting insect succession throughout the decomposition of vertebrate remains have been performed in more than half of the provinces and one territory in Canada. However, some areas are not represented in the current published literature. Ontario is one province that does not have published records of local necrophagous insect succession. Therefore, three studies were performed in Oshawa, Ontario, to document the insect community and primary colonisers observed during the decomposition of domestic pig, Sus scrofa domestica (Artiodactyla: Suidae), remains. Adult and immature specimens located on the remains were collected, reared, and identified. Pitfall traps were installed to monitor insects present outside of visits. Pigs that decomposed in higher temperatures yielded fewer colonising dipteran species than those that decomposed in cooler temperatures. The most common primary colonisers were Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Lucilia illustris (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae). In total, 11 Diptera families, six Coleoptera families, and families from the Hymenoptera and Hemiptera orders were observed. When comparing these results to published results from Québec, Ontario’s neighbour, major differences in primary colonisers can be noted. It is therefore important for researchers to study the succession, development, and colonisation patterns of the local fauna during vertebrate decomposition and to publish their findings.
Prevalence of Poor Quality of Sleep among the Elderly Population: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kulkarni Meenal , Ghode Pranjali 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
The spike in cases of sleep-related issues and its ill effects among the geriatric population has been highly noted these days. The drop in sleep quality has been seen to be associated with various day-to-day factors. The study has been conducted to mark the quality of sleep and the factors associated with it in the elderly population.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among the elderly population. A face-to-face interview of 89 individuals over 60 years of age was conducted. The study tool for assessment of the quality of sleep was Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Chi-square test was done to find out the association between various factors and quality of sleep.

Results:
The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 58.43%. About 35.95% of the population had bad subjective sleep quality, 12.36% population had sleep latency of 31–60 min, while 22.47% population had sleep duration of <5 h. Eight percent of the population reported the use of sleep medication, and 23.6% of population reported sleep disturbance of more than thrice a week. Thirty-five (67.3%) females reported poor quality of sleep which was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of poor sleep quality was found to be high among the elderly population. Educating the population about sleep health and methods to combat the situation by health-care workers can result in significant improvement of the conditions.
Sequential Blockade with Loop Diuretics and Acetazolamide: A Novel Strategy in Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Gaikwad Nitin R. , Singh Madhusudan Prasad , Singh Alok 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Acute decompensated heart failure (HF) is the most common form of acute HF (AHF) and presents with systemic congestion due to left ventricular dysfunction with sodium and water retention. Diuretics are the mainstay of treatment for AHF, with loop diuretics being the first-line therapy. However, in some studies, patients who were given high doses of loop diuretics were discharged from the hospital with residual signs of volume overload. Combining acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, with loop diuretics has been shown to be beneficial as it increases the efficacy of loop diuretics and reduces the signs and symptoms of congestion. Further, it can be used for the prevention or treatment of diuretic resistance (DR). Sequential nephron blockade with acetazolamide has emerged as a novel strategy for the treatment of AHF to enhance the efficacy of loop diuretics and prevent DR. This review highlights the combination of acetazolamide with loop diuretics as an alternative and possibly more effective decongestive strategy option in AHF patients. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence to support this combination therapy, and further research is necessary to substantiate its use in AHF patients.
Team-based Learning (TBL) in Medical Education: Fostering Collaboration and Enhancing Learning Outcomes
Authors: Dnyanesh Suma , Shirahatti Asha , Bhimalli Shilpa M. , Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Dnyanesh K 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:
Team-based learning (TBL) is an instructional strategy that has gained popularity in various educational settings, including anatomy courses. It is an active learning approach that encourages students to work collaboratively in small teams to solve problems, discuss concepts, and apply their knowledge. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess how well students engaged with and learned about anatomy through the medium of TBL.

Materials and Methods:
The current study was carried out for phase I MBBS students in the Department of Anatomy at KAHER’s J N Medical College, Belagavi. TBL sessions included 65 students. One week prior, students were provided pertinent reading materials for the gross anatomy topics that were chosen. The Pre-TBL test, which was composed of five MCQs based on case scenarios, was administered before the start of the session. Students completed the Individual Readiness Assurance Test (IRAT), which had ten multiple-choice questions (MCQs) at the start of the class. The students were then put into groups where they collaborated on the same MCQs, talked about the topics, and provided identical answers. This is called the Group Readiness Assurance Test (GRAT). A post-TBL test was given after the case scenario discussion to wrap up the session. This test’s questions were the same as those on the Pre-TBL.

Results:
The effect sizes provide insights into the magnitude of change observed between pre-TBL and post-TBL test scores. In this study, significant statistical differences were found between pre and post-TBL tests across all sessions [Table 1, P < 0.001], indicating larger effect sizes associated with more significant improvements in learning outcomes attributed to TBL. This aids in interpreting the statistical significance of the results.

Conclusion:
TBL can help students achieve academic success through teamwork. Study revealed that TBL is one of the most effective ways to teach anatomy and can complement traditional didactic lectures.
Changes in Access to Alcohol-Based Hand Rub and Hand Hygiene Adherence among Healthcare Workers after a Hand Rub Production and Distribution Program in Rural Uganda before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ishida Kanako , Lozier Matthew , Medley Alexandra M. , Trinies Victoria , Hug Christiana , Ripkey Carrie , Kesande Maureen , Tusabe Fred , Yapswale Sauda , Ocitti Francis , Isabirye Herbert , Nanyondo Judith , Watsisi Martin , Lamorde Mohammed , Berendes David 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) was critical for improving hand hygiene (HH) among healthcare workers (HCWs). Before and during the pandemic, we supported district-led production and district-wide distribution of ABHRs and one-time provision of portable handwashing stations to select healthcare facilities (HCFs) in five rural districts in Uganda. Comparison between baseline and follow-up assessments showed an overall increase in access to HH materials and HH adherence (HHA; handwashing with soap and water or use of ABHR) among HCWs. However, large differences in the changes in HH material coverage and HHA across districts may have been heavily influenced by the COVID-19 disease burden and its risk perception when the assessments were conducted. Using data collected at multiple time points before and during the pandemic across districts and estimating and controlling for pandemic effects in an exploratory multivariate analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of HHA in district HCFs was 4.6 (95% CI: 1.8–11.8) after (versus before) the ABHR intervention. This increase appeared to be primarily in larger HCFs, where the perceived need for ABHRs may have been greater. Additional strategies are needed to further increase HHA, especially in the smallest HCFs, among laboratory technicians and nurses and before patient contact. However, district-scale ABHR interventions seemed successful in ensuring the continued availability of HH materials.
Dinamika Relasi Kuasa Antara Keluarga dengan Pecandu/Penyalahguna yang Menjalani Rehabilitasi di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi BNN
Authors: Hardi Siahaan Roy 
Published: September 2024

Penggunaan Narkoba telah menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama dengan prevalensinya yang tersebar luas di semua kategori Masyarakat. Penyalahgunaan Narkoba tidak hanya berdampak negatif pada individu yang menggunakannya, tetapi juga bagi keluarga dan lingkungan sekitarnya Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk membantu individu yang terjerat Narkoba untuk kembali ke kehidupan yang sehat dan produktif adalah melalui rehabilitasi Salah satu faktor penting yang berperan dalam keberhasilan rehabilitasi adalah dukungan keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana dinamika relasi kuasa antara pecandu/penyalahguna yang menjalani proses rehabilitasi di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi BNN. Penelitian kualitatif dengan partisipan 6 orang klien usia 21-36 tahun yang sedang menjalani program rehabilitasi rawat inap di Balai Rehabilitasi BNN. Partisipan ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data berupa wawancara mendalam, catatan lapangan, dan studi pustaka. Pemaknaan perasaan klien sangat beragam, misalnya: tidak percaya, tidak terima, menyatakan kecewa, merasa malu, merasa marah, merasa menyesal, merasa sedih mendalam, bahkan merasa putus asa terhadap penyalahgunaan Narkoba dan proses rehabilitasi yang harus dijalaninya. Stigma yang dirasakan oleh klien berasal dari diri sendiri, keluarga, dan diskriminasi. Ambivalensi juga dirasakan baik secara obyektif, subyektif, implisit-eksplisit, dan implisit. Beberapa mekanisme koping yang digunakan klien untuk mengatasi permasalahannya adalah berserah diri, berdoa, berbagi, menjaga kebersihan diri, mencari kegiatan dalam program rehabilitasi. Dukungan yang diterima klien selama menjalani rehabilitasi meliputi dukungan moral, dukungan finansial, dan dukungan sosial, yang berkorelasi dengan motivasi dan keberhasilan klien dalam menjalani rehabilitasi, serta harapan klien terhadap keluarga besar. Klien yang menjalani rehabilitasi mengalami proses berduka yang mendalam, dan berulang kali melalui beberapa tahapan yang terdiri dari penolakan, tawar-menawar, dan penerimaan, peningkatan spiritual, dan penerimaan kenyataan. Klien juga mengalami berbagai stigma, dan ambivalensi. Peningkatan komunikasi, kepercayaan, penerimaan dan memperbaiki hubungan keluarga harus dilakukan untuk mendukung klien dalam proses rehabilitasi yang berkelanjutan
Bargrad Nikolo-Alexander Church in Petrograd during the Period of Revolutionary Transformations of 1917–1918. (Based on materials from the archive of the temple headman A. A. Dmitrievsky)
Authors: Азарова С.Н. 
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена истории знаменитого Петроградского Николо-Александровского храма (Барградского подворья) в период революционных потрясений в стране и попыток либерально настроенной части российского общества «демократизировать» церковную жизнь. В новой политической ситуации, когда к власти пришло Временное правительство, революционные настроения особенно сильно проявлялись среди младших членов церковных причтов, возникали конфликты между ними и представителями старой формации. В качестве одного из ключевых свидетельств о сущности этих конфликтов использованы материалы из архива старосты Николо-Александровского храма профессора А. А. Дмитриевского, представителя консервативной части прихожан. Анализируя влияние политических событий на обстановку в храме, делается вывод, что важнейшей причиной противоречий революционного периода было духовное состояние общества и попытки сторонников леворадикальных реформ лишить Церковь прежнего влияния на общественное сознание.
The article is devoted to the history of the famous Petrograd Nikolo-Alexander Church (Bargrad metochion) during the period of revolutionary upheavals in the country and attempts by the liberal-minded part of Russian society to “democratize” church life. In the new political situation, when the Provisional Government came to power, revolutionary sentiments were especially strong among the younger members of church clergy, conflicts arose between them and representatives of the old formation. As one of the key evidence of the nature of these conflicts, materials from the archive of the headman of the Nikolo-Alexander Church, Professor A. A. Dmitrievsky, a representative of the conservative part of the parishioners. Analyzing the influence of political events on the situation in the temple, it is concluded that the most important reason for the contradictions of the revolutionary period was the spiritual state of society and the attempts of supporters of left-wing radical reforms to deprive the Church of its former influence on public consciousness.
Publishing and Censorship Activities of Archpriest Ioann Yakhontov (1819–1888)
Authors: Карпук Д.А. 
Published: September 2024

В статье на основании архивных документов рассматривается духовно-литературная и цензорская деятельность одного из видных столичных священнослужителей второй половины XIX в. — протоиерея Иоанна Яхонтова. В 2023 г. исполнилось 135 лет со дня его кончины, а в 2024 г. исполняется 205 лет со дня его рождения. Будучи членом С.‑ Петербургского духовно-цензурного комитета в 1857–1858 гг., о. Иоанн проявил себя как выдающийся специалист в области духовной литературы, осторожно, внимательно и профессионально относящийся к литературной деятельности. В статье высказывается предположение, что именно литературный талант и образцовая цензорская деятельность о. Иоанна стали причиной назначения его редактором журнала «Духовная беседа», который был периодическим изданием С.‑ Петербургской духовной семинарии, а также по сути являлся официальным изданием Св. Синода и С.‑ Петербургской митрополии до 1875 г.
This article, based on archival documents, examines the spiritual-literary and censorship activities of one of the prominent clergy members in the second half of the 19th century — Archpriest Ivan Yakhontov. In 2023, it marked the 135th anniversary of his death, and in 2024, the 205th anniversary of his birth. As a member of the St. Petersburg spiritual-censorship committee in 1857–1858, Father Ivan demonstrated himself as an outstanding specialist in the field of spiritual literature, handling literary activities with caution, attention, and professionalism. The article suggests that it was his literary talent and exemplary censorship work that led to his appointment as the editor of the journal “Dukhovnaya Beseda” (Spiritual Conversation), a periodical publication of the St. Petersburg Theological Seminary. Essentially, it served as the official publication of the Holy Synod and the St. Petersburg Metropolis until 1875.
ანტიბიოტიკები: რაციონალური გამოყენების პრინციპები (ქირურგიული ანტიბიოტიკოპროფილაქტიკის საკითხები)
Authors: Jikia D. , Chkhikvadze T. , Mgaloblishvili I. , Gzobava K. 
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the key issues and definitions of antibacterial therapy. The main properties and mechanisms of action of antibiotics are described. Attention is drawn to the postulates of the use of antibiotics in clinical practice and the principles of modern rational antibacterial therapy. In the form of tables, the main approaches to surgical "antibacterial therapy" in the pre- and postoperative period, in different areas of surgery, are presented separately.
ნაშრომში განხილულია ანტიბიოტიკოთერაპიის საკვანძო საკითხები და დეფინიციები. აღწერილია ანტიბიოტიკების ძირითადი თვისებები და მოქმედების მექანიზმები. ყურადღება გამახვილებულია ანტიბიოტიკების კლინიკურ პრაქტიკაში გამოყენების პოსტულატებზე და თანამედროვე რაციონალური ანტიბიოტიკოთერაპიის პრინციპებზე. ცალკე, ცხრილების სახით წარმოდგენილია ქირურგიული " ანტიბიოტიკოთერაპიის" ძირითადი მიდგომები, პრე- და პოსტოპერაციულ პერიოდში, ქირურგიის სხვადასხვა მიმართულებებში.
დიფუზური ჩირქოვანი პერიტონიტი ბავშვებში: დილემა დასკვნით დიაგნოზში
Authors: Butkhuzi D. , Chelidze A. , Gurgenadze M. , Paatishvili P. , Zambakhidze Z. 
Published: September 2024

The present paper deals with the two cases of diffuse purulent peritonitis which developed almost simultaneously in two children, who were siblings. Both cases managed with urgent surgery and subsequent parenteral antibacterial therapy. Similar cases could be related to enteral disease of various infectious etiology or chronic inflammatory conditions such as Crohn’s disease. In our cases no definite infectious agent was identified in peritoneal fluid culture and final pathology proved negative for Crohn’s. In both cases treatment was directed at an emergency resolution of peritonitis, in a more severe case in accordance with the principles of damage control. In one of the patients temporary enterostomy was put in place and subsequently reconstructed. The question as to whether the simultaneous occurrence of acute peritonitis in the two siblings was a pure coincidence or familial cases of common infectious disease remain unresolved. Either way, peritonitis should be managed in accordance to the established standards of emergency surgery, which involves brief preoperative preparation, adequate surgical intervention aimed at resolution of pathological loci, which can be executed either in a single session or in a stepwise approach according to a clinical course.
სტატიაში აღწერილია გავრცელებული ჩირქოვანი პერიტონიტის ორი თანადროული შემთხვევა მცირეწლოვან ძმებში. მსგავსი შემთხვევები შეიძლება უკავშირდებოდეს სხვადასხვა სახის ინფექციურ-ენტერულ დაავადებათა გამწვავებას, ასევე, ნაწლავთა ისეთ ანთებით მდგომარეობას, როგორიცაა კრონის დაავადება. აღწერილ შემთხვევებში, პერიტონული სითხის ბაქტერიოლოგიური კვლევით ცალსახად გამომწვევის იდენტიფიცირება ვერ მოხერხდა, ხოლო მორფოლოგიურად კრონის დაავადება არ დადასტურდა. ორივე შემთხვევაში მკურნალობა მიმართული იყო პერიტონიტის ლიკვიდაციისკენ, უფრო მძიმე შემთხვევაში damage control-ის პრინციპით. ერთ პაციენტთან საჭირო გახდა ენტეროსტომის ფორმირება, რომელიც შემდგომ ლიკვიდირებული იქნა. საბოლოოდ, გამოიკვეთა საორჭოფო საკითხი - ამ ორი პაციენტის თანადროული მომართვა, მსგავსი კლინიკური მიმდინარეობა და დიაგნოზები უბრალოდ დამთხვევა იყო, თუ საქმე გვქონდა რაიმე საერთო ინფექციური გენეზის დაავადებასთან.
ღვიძლის დიდი და გიგანტური ექინოკოკური კისტის მკურნალობის შესახებ
Authors: Archvadze B. , Sabashvili G. , Chanukvadze I. , Jikia D. 
Published: September 2024

The authors have proposed and adopted in clinic a method of treatment of large and giant hydatid cysts of the liver. After dissection of the cyst the method provides for filling-up of the cyst cavity with two major flaps created from the adjacent tissues. The method has been used in 20 cases with the patients diagnosed with large and giant hydatid cysts of the liv- er. In the postoperative period the dynamics of regeneration processes after the filling of the residual cyst cavity were studied according to the discharge from the drains inserted in the cyst cavity. The observations have shown that period of rehabilitation of the patients operated with the mentioned method was generally going on without complications, allowing discharge of patients from hospital within 6 days, while the process of outpatient follow-up care didn’t exceed three weeks. The method is distinguished by minimum number of complications and not a single case of lethality.
ავტორების მიერ შემოთავაზებული და კლინიკაშია დანერგილია ღვიძლის დიდი და გიგანტური ექინოკოკოზის კისტის მკურნალობის მეთოდი, რომლის არსიც მდგომარეობს ექინოკოკოზის ღვიძლიდან ამოღების შემდეგ კისტის ღრუს შევსებით, ადგილობრივი ქსოვილებისგან შექმნილი ორი ძირითადი ნაფლეთით. ოპერაცია ჩაუტარდა 20 ავადმყოფს დიდი და გიგანტული ექინოკოკოზის კისტის დიაგნოზით. ოპერაციის შემდგომ პერიოდში შესწავლილ იქნა კისტის „ნარჩენი ღრუს“ შევსების რეპარაციული პროცესების მიმდინარეობის დინამიკა კისტის ღრუში ჩაყენებული დრენაჟებიდან გამონადენის მიხედვით. დაკვირვებებმა გვიჩვენა, რომ აღნიშნული მეთოდით ნაოპერაციები ავადმყოფების რეაბილი- ტაციის პერიოდი ძირითადად მიმდინარეობს გართულების გარეშე, რაც იძლევა მათი სავადმყოფოდან გაწერის საშუალებას 6 დღის განმავლობაში, ხოლო მკურნალობის პროცესის დასრულება კი არ აღემატება სამ კვირას. მეთოდი გამოირჩევა მინიმალური გართულებებით. ლეტალური შემთხვევას ადგილი არ ჰქონია.
The Early Formation of the Moscow School of Landscape Painting. Landscape Class of the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture (MUZHV), 1844–1857
Authors: Surovyatkina E. A. 
Published: September 2024

The article delves into the formative years of the landscape class at the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture (MUZHV), whose growth parallels the advancement of the landscape genre in Russia during the latter half of the 1 9th century. It explores the pioneering efforts of Karl Ivanovich Rabus, the inaugural head of the class, and evaluates his instructional techniques in landscape painting. His methods introduced academic traditions of landscape painting to the School, thereby laying the groundwork for its future development. Additionally, the article delineates the challenges encountered by the nascent landscape painting tradition, attributable to a range of internal and external factors.Drawing from archival records and periodical sources, the author endeavors to reconstruct a detailed portrayal of the class's early years (1844-1857), emphasizing the pivotal role of students in the evolution of artistic life and the formation of the art market in Moscow. The research enhances scholarly knowledge by bringing into focus the identities of the class's students, most of whom are lesser-known artists, alongside their artistic creations, enriching our comprehension of Russian landscape painting during the late 1800s.
Ink Drawing Technique: Prescriptions from the Nineteenth-Century Art School According to Gustave Frepon
Authors: Stepanian E. V. , Fomicheva D. V. 
Published: September 2024

Continuing its series of articles on drawing techniques, Secreta Artis presents an abridged and adapted translation of a unique text from a manual on ink drawing methods, accompanied by a commentary. The text and illustrations, which outline and demonstrate three pen techniques: lining, hatching, and dotting (extremely rare and methodologically valuable information), were published in 1897 in the French artist Gustave Fraipont's book "L'art d'appliquer ses connaissances en dessin: fusain, crayon, plume, eau-forte, lithographie, execution des dessins pour la photogravure et la gravure sur bois, l'art de prendre un croquis". Fraipont's comprehensive work explores a wide array of graphic arts, including charcoal, pencil, etching, lithography, woodcut, and more.However, despite the popularity of G. Fraipont's works in the latter half of the 19th century, including seven manuals on watercolor painting, composition, drafting, and sketching that were translated and published in Moscow and St. Petersburg between 1893 and 1895, his work on ink drawing techniques was not translated into Russian. This material is highly relevant for studying the history of 19th-century graphics, the academic art school of that era, and for mastering drawing techniques.