bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Age, Sex and Body Mass Index on the Effectiveness of Brisk Walking for Obesity Management in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mabire Leon , Mani Ramakrishnan , Liu Lizhou , Mulligan Hilda , Baxter David 
Published: February 2017

Background:Brisk walking is the most popular activity for obesity management for adults. We aimed to identify whether participant age, sex and body mass index (BMI) influenced the effectiveness of brisk walking.Methods:A search of 9 databases was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two investigators selected RCTs reporting on change in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, fat-free mass, and body fat percentage following a brisk walking intervention in obese adults.Results:Of the 5072 studies screened, 22 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled mean differences were: weight loss, –2.13 kg; BMI, –0.96 kg/m2; waist circumference, –2.83 cm; fat mass, –2.59 kg; fat-free mass, 0.29 kg; and body fat percentage, –1.38%. Meta-regression of baseline BMI showed no effect on changes.Conclusions:Brisk walking can create a clinically significant reduction in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass for obese men and women aged under 50 years. Obese women aged over 50 years can achieve modest losses, but gains in fat-free mass reduce overall change in body weight. Further research is required for men aged over 50 years and on the influence of BMI for all ages and sexes.
Using Social Network Analysis to Better Understand Compulsive Exercise Behavior Among a Sample of Sorority Members
Authors: Patterson Megan S. , Goodson Patricia 
Published: February 2017

Background:Compulsive exercise, a form of unhealthy exercise often associated with prioritizing exercise and feeling guilty when exercise is missed, is a common precursor to and symptom of eating disorders. College-aged women are at high risk of exercising compulsively compared with other groups. Social network analysis (SNA) is a theoretical perspective and methodology allowing researchers to observe the effects of relational dynamics on the behaviors of people.Methods:SNA was used to assess the relationship between compulsive exercise and body dissatisfaction, physical activity, and network variables. Descriptive statistics were conducted using SPSS, and quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) analyses were conducted using UCINET.Results:QAP regression analysis revealed a statistically significant model (R2 = .375, P < .0001) predicting compulsive exercise behavior. Physical activity, body dissatisfaction, and network variables were statistically significant predictor variables in the QAP regression model.Discussion:In our sample, women who are connected to “important” or “powerful” people in their network are likely to have higher compulsive exercise scores. This result provides healthcare practitioners key target points for intervention within similar groups of women. For scholars researching eating disorders and associated behaviors, this study supports looking into group dynamics and network structure in conjunction with body dissatisfaction and exercise frequency.
Effectiveness of Interventions for Promoting Objectively Measured Physical Activity of Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alothman Shaima , Yahya Abdalghani , Rucker Jason , Kluding Patricia M. 
Published: February 2017

Background:Many people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are sedentary despite strong recommendations of regular physical activity (PA). Objective measures of PA provide accurate reflection of daily PA level. The purpose of this review was to analyze studies used pedometers or accelerometers to determine the outcome of interventions promoted daily PA in people with T2D.Methods:An electronic literature search was conducted using the PubMed and CINAHL databases (2000–2016), with search terms: sedentary, diabetes, pedometer, physical activity, and accelerometer. Only peer-reviewed, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that used objective measurement of daily PA level were included. All studies design, participant characteristics, intervention, and key findings were evaluated systematically and summarized.Results:A total of 15 RCTs were identified investigated objectively measured daily PA in people with T2D. A significant increase in PA was found following exercise consultation, behavioral/cognitive consultation, continuous glucose monitoring counseling, and motivational phone calls promoting PA. However, this increase in daily PA level was evident only during the intervention period.Conclusions:Our systematic review of the literature indicated that a variety of interventions approaches were effective in increasing PA temporarily during the intervention period. Interventions that use objective methods in measuring PA and have long term improvement in overall PA are needed.
Carbapenem MICs in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Species Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Critical Care Patients from 2001 to 2009
Authors: Johnson J. Kristie , Robinson Gwen L. , Pineles Lisa L. , Ajao Adebola O. , Zhao LiCheng , Albrecht Jennifer S. , Harris Anthony D. , Thom Kerri A. , Furuno Jon P. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
strains are increasing in prevalence worldwide. Carbapenem antibiotics are used as a first line of therapy against ESBL-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
. We examined a cohort of critical care patients for gastrointestinal colonization with carbapenem-resistant ESBL-producing strains (CR-ESBL strains). We cultured samples from this cohort of patients for ESBL-producing
Klebsiella
spp. and
Escherichia coli
and then tested the first isolate from each patient for susceptibility to imipenem, doripenem, meropenem, and ertapenem. Multilocus sequence typing was performed on isolates that produced an ESBL and that were carbapenem resistant. Among all patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU), 4% were positive for an ESBL-producing isolate and 0.64% were positive for a CR-ESBL strain on surveillance culture. Among the first ESBL-producing
E. coli
and
Klebsiella
isolates from the patients' surveillance cultures, 11.2% were carbapenem resistant. Sequence type 14 (ST14), ST15, ST42, and ST258 were the dominant sequence types detected in this cohort of patients, with ST15 and ST258 steadily increasing in prevalence from 2006 to 2009. Patients colonized by a CR-ESBL strain were significantly more likely to receive antipseudomonal and anti-methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(anti-MRSA) therapy prior to ICU admission than patients colonized by carbapenem-susceptible ESBL-producing strains. They were also significantly more likely to have received a cephalosporin or a carbapenem antibiotic than patients colonized by carbapenem-susceptible ESBL-producing strains. In conclusion, in a cohort of patients residing in intensive care units within the United States, we found that 10% of the isolates were resistant to at least one carbapenem antibiotic. The continued emergence of carbapenem-resistant ESBL-producing strains is of significant concern, as infections due to these organisms are notoriously difficult to treat.
Importance of Clonal Complex 258 and IncF
K2-like
Plasmids among a Global Collection of Klebsiella pneumoniae with
bla
KPC
Authors: Peirano Gisele , Bradford Patricia A. , Kazmierczak Krystyna M. , Chen Liang , Kreiswirth Barry N. , Pitout Johann D. D. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to determine the global distribution of clonal complex (CC) 258 and IncFII
K2-like
plasmids with
bla
KPC
among 522 global
Klebsiella pneumoniae
carbapenemase (KPC)-producing
K. pneumoniae
isolates. CC258 (i.e., ST258 [clades I and II], ST11, ST340, and ST512) and ST147 were statistically associated with IncFII
K2-like
KPC-containing plasmids and may possess an epidemiological advantage over isolates that harbored non-IncF KPC-harboring plasmids.
Myeloid Cell-Specific Knockout of NFI-A Improves Sepsis Survival
Authors: McPeak Melissa B. , Youssef Dima , Williams Danielle A. , Pritchett Christopher , Yao Zhi Q. , McCall Charles E. , El Gazzar Mohamed 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTMyeloid progenitor-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) arise from myeloid progenitors and suppress both innate and adaptive immunity. MDSCs expand during the later phases of sepsis in mice, promote immunosuppression, and reduce survival. Here, we report that the myeloid differentiation-related transcription factor nuclear factor I-A (NFI-A) controls MDSC expansion during sepsis and impacts survival. Unlike MDSCs, myeloid cells with conditional deletion of theNfiagene normally differentiated into effector cells during sepsis, cleared infecting bacteria, and did not express immunosuppressive mediators. In contrast, ectopic expression of NFI-A in myeloid progenitors from NFI-A myeloid cell-deficient mice impeded myeloid cell maturation and promoted immune repressor function. Importantly, surviving septic mice with conditionally deficient NFI-A myeloid cells were able to respond to challenge with bacterial endotoxin by mounting an acute inflammatory response. Together, these results support the concept of NFI-A as a master molecular transcriptome switch that controls myeloid cell differentiation and maturation and that malfunction of this switch during sepsis promotes MDSC expansion that adversely impacts sepsis outcome.
Mucosal Antibodies to the C Terminus of Toxin A Prevent Colonization of Clostridium difficile
Authors: Hong Huynh A. , Hitri Krisztina , Hosseini Siamand , Kotowicz Natalia , Bryan Donna , Mawas Fatme , Wilkinson Anthony J. , van Broekhoven Annie , Kearsey Jonathan , Cutting Simon M. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Mucosal immunity is considered important for protection against
Clostridium difficile
infection (CDI). We show that in hamsters immunized with
Bacillus subtilis
spores expressing a carboxy-terminal segment (TcdA
26–39
) of
C. difficile
toxin A, no colonization occurs in protected animals when challenged with
C. difficile
strain 630. In contrast, animals immunized with toxoids showed no protection and remained fully colonized. Along with neutralizing toxins, antibodies to TcdA
26–39
(but not to toxoids), whether raised to the recombinant protein or to TcdA
26–39
expressed on the
B. subtilis
spore surface, cross-react with a number of seemingly unrelated proteins expressed on the vegetative cell surface or spore coat of
C. difficile
. These include two dehydrogenases, AdhE1 and LdhA, as well as the CdeC protein that is present on the spore. Anti-TcdA
26–39
mucosal antibodies obtained following immunization with recombinant
B. subtilis
spores were able to reduce the adhesion of
C. difficile
to mucus-producing intestinal cells. This cross-reaction is intriguing yet important since it illustrates the importance of mucosal immunity for complete protection against CDI.
A New Essential Cell Division Protein in Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Osorio Aurora , Camarena Laura , Cevallos Miguel Angel , Poggio Sebastian 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Bacterial cell division is a complex process that relies on a multiprotein complex composed of a core of widely conserved and generally essential proteins and on accessory proteins that vary in number and identity in different bacteria. The assembly of this complex and, particularly, the initiation of constriction are regulated processes that have come under intensive study. In this work, we characterize the function of DipI, a protein conserved in
Alphaproteobacteria
and
Betaproteobacteria
that is essential in
Caulobacter crescentus
. Our results show that DipI is a periplasmic protein that is recruited late to the division site and that it is required for the initiation of constriction. The recruitment of the conserved cell division proteins is not affected by the absence of DipI, but localization of DipI to the division site occurs only after a mature divisome has formed. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that DipI strongly interacts with the FtsQLB complex, which has been recently implicated in regulating constriction initiation. A possible role of DipI in this process is discussed.

IMPORTANCE
Bacterial cell division is a complex process for which most bacterial cells assemble a multiprotein complex that consists of conserved proteins and of accessory proteins that differ among bacterial groups. In this work, we describe a new cell division protein (DipI) present only in a group of bacteria but essential in
Caulobacter crescentus
. Cells devoid of DipI cannot constrict. Although a mature divisome is required for DipI recruitment, DipI is not needed for recruiting other division proteins. These results, together with the interaction of DipI with a protein complex that has been suggested to regulate cell wall synthesis during division, suggest that DipI may be part of the regulatory mechanism that controls constriction initiation.
Validation of a risk stratification tool for fall-related injury in a state-wide cohort
Authors: McCoy Thomas H , Castro Victor M , Cagan Andrew , Roberson Ashlee M , Perlis Roy H 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveA major preventable contributor to healthcare costs among older individuals is fall-related injury. We sought to validate a tool to stratify such risk based on readily available clinical data, including projected medication adverse effects, using state-wide medical claims data.DesignSociodemographic and clinical features were drawn from health claims paid in the state of Massachusetts for individuals aged 35–65 with a hospital admission for a period spanning January–December 2012. Previously developed logistic regression models of hospital readmission for fall-related injury were refit in a testing set including a randomly selected 70% of individuals, and examined in a training set comprised of the remaining 30%. Medications at admission were summarised based on reported adverse effect frequencies in published medication labelling.SettingThe Massachusetts health system.ParticipantsA total of 68 764 hospitalised individuals aged 35–65 years.Primary MeasuresHospital readmission for fall-related injury defined by claims code.ResultsA total of 2052 individuals (3.0%) were hospitalised for fall-related injury within 90 days of discharge, and 3391 (4.9%) within 180 days. After recalibrating the model in a training data set comprised of 48 136 individuals (70%), model discrimination in the remaining 30% test set yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.74 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.76). AUCs were similar across age decades (0.71 to 0.78) and sex (0.72 male, 0.76 female), and across most common diagnostic categories other than psychiatry. For individuals in the highest risk quartile, 11.4% experienced fall within 180 days versus 1.2% in the lowest risk quartile; 57.6% of falls occurred in the highest risk quartile.ConclusionsThis analysis of state-wide claims data demonstrates the feasibility of predicting fall-related injury requiring hospitalisation using readily available sociodemographic and clinical details. This translatable approach to stratification allows for identification of high-risk individuals in whom interventions are likely to be cost-effective.
When the client is away
Authors: Coghlan Simon 
Published: February 2017

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved.In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, ‘When the client is away’, was submitted and is discussed by Simon Coghlan. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue.The series is being coordinated by Steven McCulloch, a practising vet with a PhD in the ethics of veterinary policy. It aims to provide a framework that will help practitioners find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
A snake in the grass
Authors: Trefor Rhiannon , Varma Murali 
Published: February 2017

Clinical questionA 77-year-old man presented with haematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a papillary tumour in the trigone region of the bladder. A TURBT was performed. Review the high-quality, interactive digital Aperio slide athttp://virtualacp.com/JCPCases/jclinpath-2016-204015and consider your diagnosis.What is your diagnosis?Urothelial carcinoma pTaUrothelial carcinoma pT1Metastatic carcinomaProstatic adenocarcinomaProstatic polyp
STRATEGIC PLANNING, PERFORMANCE AND INNOVATIVE CAPABILITIES OF NON-FAMILY MEMBERS IN FAMILY BUSINESSES
Authors: FAHED-SREIH JOSIANE , EL-KASSAR ABDUL-NASSER 
Published: February 2017

Drawing upon the resource-based view and agency theories of family businesses, this study examines the role of strategic planning in developing non-family members’ innovative capabilities and the effect of strategic planning on family businesses’ performance mediated by those capabilities. It was found that strategic planning positively affects the business’ performance, it helps non-family members develop their innovative capabilities which have a positive effect on the performance of the business mediating the relationship between strategic planning and performance.A survey was distributed to Lebanese family businesses for data collection. This study contributes to theory and practice; it suggests more fields of studies and helps family firms’ owners in improving the business’ performance.
Preclinical Development of a Nontoxic Oral Formulation of Monoethanolamine, a Lipid Precursor, for Prostate Cancer Treatment
Authors: Saxena Roopali , Yang Chunhua , Rao Mukkavilli , Turaga Ravi Chakra , Garlapati Chakravarthy , Gundala Sushma Reddy , Myers Kimberly , Ghareeb Ahmed , Bhattarai Shristi , Kamalinia Golnaz , Bristi Sangina , Su Dan , Gadda Giovanni , Rida Padmashree C.G. , Cantuaria Guilherme H. , Aneja Ritu 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Most currently available chemotherapeutic agents target rampant cell division in cancer cells, thereby affecting rapidly dividing normal cells resulting in toxic side-effects. This nonspecificity necessitates identification of novel cellular pathways that are reprogrammed selectively in cancer cells and can be exploited to develop pharmacologically superior and less toxic therapeutics. Despite growing awareness on dysregulation of lipid metabolism in cancer cells, targeting lipid biosynthesis is still largely uncharted territory. Herein, we report development of a novel nontoxic orally deliverable anticancer formulation of monoethanolamine (Etn) for prostate cancer by targeting the Kennedy pathway of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipid biosynthesis.
Experimental Design: We first evaluated gastrointestinal tract stability, drug–drug interaction liability, pharmacokinetic, and toxicokinetic properties of Etn to evaluate its suitability as a nontoxic orally deliverable agent. We next performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate efficacy and mechanism of action.
Results: Our data demonstrate that Etn exhibits excellent bioavailability, gastrointestinal tract stability, and no drug–drug interaction liability. Remarkably, orally fed Etn inhibited tumor growth in four weeks by approximately 67% in mice bearing human prostate cancer PC-3 xenografts without any apparent toxicity. Mechanistically, Etn exploits selective overexpression of choline kinase in cancer cells, resulting in accumulation of phosphoethanolamine (PhosE), accompanied by downregulation of HIF-1α that induces metabolic stress culminating into cell death.
Conclusions: Our study provides first evidence for the superior anticancer activity of Etn, a simple lipid precursor formulation, whose nontoxicity conforms to FDA-approved standards, compelling its clinical development for prostate cancer management. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3781–93. ©2017 AACR.
Results from a Phase I/II Open-Label, Dose-Finding Study of Pralatrexate and Oral Bexarotene in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Duvic Madeleine , Kim Youn H. , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Horwitz Steven M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Pralatrexate is a folic acid analogue metabolic inhibitor similar to methotrexate, which has shown tolerability and efficacy with an overall response rate of 45% in a phase I dose deescalation study of patients with relapsed/refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).
Experimental Design: The object of this phase I/II open-label, multicenter clinical trial was to determine the MTD and recommended dose of pralatrexate plus oral bexarotene in 34 patients with relapsed/refractory CTCL who had failed prior systemic therapies. Pralatrexate was administered by intravenous push at 15 mg/m2 given weekly 3 weeks out of 4 weeks with daily oral bexarotene (150 or 300 mg/m2), levothyroxine, atorvastatin, folate, and with B12 every 2 months.
Results: At the MTD of 15 mg/m2 bexarotene and 15 mg/m2 pralatrexate, the response rate was 60% [4 complete responses (CR), 14 partial responses (PR)], the maximum observed response duration was 28.9+ months, and duration of response for 4 CRs ranged from 9.0 to 28.3 months. The median progression-free survival was 12.8 months (0.5–29.9). Mucositis was the most common adverse event.
Conclusions: The combination of pralatrexate (15 mg/m2) and oral bexarotene (150 mg/m2) is active with high response rates and minimal toxicity for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3552–6. ©2017 AACR.
PARP Inhibitor Upregulates PD-L1 Expression and Enhances Cancer-Associated Immunosuppression
Authors: Jiao Shiping , Xia Weiya , Yamaguchi Hirohito , Wei Yongkun , Chen Mei-Kuang , Hsu Jung-Mao , Hsu Jennifer L. , Yu Wen-Hsuan , Du Yi , Lee Heng-Huan , Li Chia-Wei , Chou Chao-Kai , Lim Seung-Oe , Chang Shih-Shin , Litton Jennifer , Arun Banu , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Hung Mien-Chie 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Purpose: To explore whether a cross-talk exists between PARP inhibition and PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint axis, and determine whether blockade of PD-L1/PD-1 potentiates PARP inhibitor (PARPi) in tumor suppression.
Experimental Design: Breast cancer cell lines, xenograft tumors, and syngeneic tumors treated with PARPi were assessed for PD-L1 expression by immunoblotting, IHC, and FACS analyses. The phospho-kinase antibody array screen was used to explore the underlying mechanism of PARPi-induced PD-L1 upregulation. The therapeutic efficacy of PARPi alone, PD-L1 blockade alone, or their combination was tested in a syngeneic tumor model. The tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor cells isolated from syngeneic tumors were analyzed by CyTOF and FACS to evaluate the activity of antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment.
Results: PARPi upregulated PD-L1 expression in breast cancer cell lines and animal models. Mechanistically, PARPi inactivated GSK3β, which in turn enhanced PARPi-mediated PD-L1 upregulation. PARPi attenuated anticancer immunity via upregulation of PD-L1, and blockade of PD-L1 resensitized PARPi-treated cancer cells to T-cell killing. The combination of PARPi and anti-PD-L1 therapy compared with each agent alone significantly increased the therapeutic efficacy in vivo.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a cross-talk between PARPi and tumor-associated immunosuppression and provides evidence to support the combination of PARPi and PD-L1 or PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade as a potential therapeutic approach to treat breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3711–20. ©2017 AACR.