bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A literature review of the impact of pharmacy students in immunization initiatives
Authors: Church Dana , Johnson Sarah , Raman-Wilms Lalitha , Schneider Eric , Waite Nancy , Pearson Sharpe Jane 
Published: April 2016

Background: Pharmacy students can help protect the public from vaccine-preventable diseases by participating in immunization initiatives, which currently exist in some Canadian and American jurisdictions. The objective of this article is to critically review evidence of student impact on public health through their participation in vaccination efforts. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Database, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature on pharmacy student involvement in vaccination programs and their impact on public health. Papers were included up to November 17, 2015. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and extracted data from eligible full-text articles. Results: Eighteen titles met all inclusion criteria. All studies were published between 2000 and 2015, with the majority conducted in the United States ( n = 12). The number of vaccine doses administered by students in community-based clinics ranged from 109 to 15,000. Increases in vaccination rates in inpatient facilities ranged from 18.5% to 68%. Across studies, student-led educational interventions improved patient knowledge of vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases. Patient satisfaction with student immunization services was consistently very high. Discussion: Methodology varied considerably across studies. The literature suggests that pharmacy students can improve public health by 1) increasing the number of vaccine doses administered, 2) increasing vaccination rates, 3) increasing capacity of existing vaccination efforts, 4) providing education about vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases and 5) providing positive immunization experiences. Conclusion: Opportunities exist across Canada to increase pharmacy student involvement in immunization efforts and to assess the impact of their participation. Greater student involvement in immunization initiatives could boost immunization rates and help protect Canadians from vaccine-preventable diseases.
The Itemized NIHSS Scores Are Associated With Discharge Disposition in Patients With Minor Stroke
Authors: Yaghi Shadi , Willey Joshua Z. , Andrews Howard , Boehme Amelia K. , Marshall Randolph S. , Boden-Albala Bernadette 
Published: April 2016

Background and purpose: The ability of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score to predict functional outcome in minor stroke is controversial. In this study, we examined the association of itemized NIHSS score with discharge outcome. Methods: We included all patients with final diagnosis of stroke with an NIHSS score of 0 to 5 untreated with thrombolysis enrolled in the “Stroke Warning Information and Faster Treatment” trial. Individual components of the NIHSS score were the primary predictors. Poor outcome was defined as not being discharged home. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of outcome. Results: A total of 861 patients met the inclusion criteria; 162 (19%) were not discharged home. In multivariable regression, predictors of discharge other than home were age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02 per year increase, P < .001) and total NIHSS score (OR per unit increase in the NIHSS = 1.51, P < .001). Motor (OR = 2.32, P < .001), level of consciousness (LOC; OR = 6.62, P = .004), and ataxia (OR = 3.10, P < .001) were also associated with not being discharged home. Motor (area under the curve [AUC] 0.623) appeared to be more predictive of poor outcome than ataxia (AUC 0.569) and LOC (AUC 0.517). The total NIHSS had a fair correlation with discharge outcome (AUC 0.683). Conclusion: Total and itemized NIHSS components have a fair correlation with outcome in minor stroke highlighting the importance of other measures of stroke severity for clinical trials.
Association Between Medicare Summary Star Ratings for Patient Experience and Clinical Outcomes in US Hospitals
Authors: Trzeciak Stephen , Gaughan John P , Bosire Joshua , Mazzarelli Anthony J 
Published: April 2016

Objective: In 2015, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) released new summary star ratings for US hospitals based on patient experience. We aimed to test the association between CMS patient experience star ratings and clinical outcomes. Methods: We analyzed risk-adjusted data for more than 3000 US hospitals from CMS Hospital Compare using linear regression. Results: We found that better patient experience was associated with favorable clinical outcomes. Specifically, a higher number of stars for patient experience had a statistically significant association with lower rates of many in-hospital complications. A higher patient experience star rating also had a statistically significant association with lower rates of unplanned readmissions to the hospital within 30 days. Conclusion: Better patient experience according to the CMS star ratings is associated with favorable clinical outcomes. These results support the inclusion of patient experience data in the framework of how hospitals are paid for services.
How I vaccinate blood and marrow transplant recipients
Authors: Carpenter Paul A. , Englund Janet A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Vaccination guidelines for recipients of blood and marrow transplantation (BMT) have been published by 3 major societies: American Blood and Marrow Transplantation, European Group of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, and Infectious Disease Society of America. Despite these extensive review articles, clinicians caring for BMT recipients continue to field frequently asked questions (FAQs) regarding the “who, when, and how” of feasible and effective posttransplant vaccination, frequently in the absence of adequate data. This may reflect discomfort with a “one size fits all” policy that makes no adjustments for different posttransplant clinical scenarios. Existing guidelines also lack practical dose clarifications when administering vaccines to patients who differ by age, underlying diagnosis, or amount of immunosuppressive therapy. Frequently, little or conflicting guidance is given regarding age-related schedules for certain vaccines (eg, meningococcal; tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and reduced acellular pertussis; and human papillomavirus vaccines) in addition to time posttransplant or other factors. FAQs and their answers form the body of this article and are shared with readers as a concise practical review, with the intent to facilitate good clinical practice.
Hydroxyurea down‐regulates BCL11A, KLF‐1 and MYB through miRNA‐mediated actions to induce γ‐globin expression: implications for new therapeutic approaches of sickle cell disease
Authors: Pule Gift Dineo , Mowla Shaheen , Novitzky Nicolas , Wonkam Ambroise 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe major therapeutic benefit of hydroxyurea, the only FDA‐approved pharmacologic treatment for sickle cell disease (SCD), is directly related to fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production that leads to significant reduction of morbidity and mortality. However, potential adverse effects such as infertility, susceptibility to infections, or teratogenic effect have been subject of concerns. Therefore, understanding HU molecular mechanisms of action, could lead to alternative therapeutic agents to increase HbF with less toxicity. This paper investigated whether HU‐induced HbF could operate through post‐transcriptional miRNAs regulation of BCL11A, KLF‐1 and MYB, potent negative regulators of HbF. Both ex vivo differentiated primary erythroid cells from seven unrelated individuals, and K562 cells were treated with hydroxyurea (100 μM) and changes in BCL11A, KLF‐1, GATA‐1, MYB, β‐ and γ‐globin gene expression were investigated. To explore potential mechanisms of post‐transcriptional regulation, changes in expression of seven targeted miRNAs, previously associated with basal γ‐globin expression were examined using miScript primer assays. In addition, K562 cells were transfected with miScript miRNA inhibitors/anti‐miRNAs followed by Western Blot analysis to assess the effect on HbF protein levels. Direct interaction between miRNAs and the MYB 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) was also investigated by a dual‐luciferase reporter assays.ResultsDown‐regulation of BCL11A and MYB was associated with a sevenfold increase in γ‐globin expression in both primary and K562 cells (p < 0.003). Similarly, KLF‐1 was down‐regulated in both cell models, corresponding to the repressed expression of BCL11A and β‐globin gene (p < 0.04). HU induced differential expression of all miRNAs in both cell models, particularly miR‐15a, miR‐16, miR‐26b and miR‐151‐3p. An HU‐induced miRNAs‐mediated mechanism of HbF regulation was illustrated with the inhibition of miR‐26b and ‐151‐3p resulting in reduced HbF protein levels. There was direct interaction between miR‐26b with the MYB 3′‐untranslated region (UTR).ConclusionsThese experiments have shown the association between critical regulators of γ‐globin expression (MYB, BCL11A and KLF‐1) and specific miRNAs; in response to HU, and demonstrated a mechanism of HbF production through HU‐induced miRNAs inhibition of MYB. The role of miRNAs‐mediated post‐transcriptional regulation of HbF provides potential targets for new treatments of SCD that may minimize alterations to the cellular transcriptome.
YOUTH AS AN OBJECT OF STATE POLICY: SPECIFICS OF FORMATION OF POLITICAL POTENTIAL
Authors: Комарова  , Komarova Marina 
Published: April 2016

In the article the problems of formation and realization of political potential of new generation of the Russian youth are revealed. The author analyzes specifics of political and social resources of youth as special social and demographic group which, nevertheless, doesn&#180;t possess integrity. Differentiation of the valuable representations of youth causing extent of its integration into activity of the Russian society is given.
In the article prospects of development of initiatives of youth as a subject of carrying out the state youth policy are proved. The priorities of the state youth policy aimed at realization of political potential of young citizens through activity of bodies of youth representation are reasoned.
LEGAL ASPECTS OF FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE AS THE RIGHT OF CHOICE BY THE SUBJECT OF LEGAL RELATIONS
Authors: Воробьев  , Vorobev Sergey 
Published: April 2016

In the article the author discusses some approaches to the definition of freedom of conscience as a legal category. Freedom of conscience as legal basis for individual freedom in modern society is analyzed. Some aspects of the relationship of meaningful and essential components of freedom of conscience and individual freedom in legal state are presented. General theoretical argument of formation characteristics of freedom of conscience as a subjective right is given.
The possibility and the need for inclusion of the category of freedom of conscience in the category of law; its definition is clarified with such a position. Conclusions are made about the diversity of freedom of conscience, multidimensional research and opportunities of formation of architectonic freedom of conscience as a legal category of law to choose the subject of legal relations.
MARKETING ASPECTS OF CREATION AND FUNCTIONING OF INDUSTRIAL PARKS IN THE REGIONS
Authors: Самостроенко  , Samostroenko Georgiy , Шатохина  , Shatokhina Olga 
Published: April 2016

The article examines the issues associated with the use of marketing in the creation and functioning of industrial parks. Particular attention is paid to the formation of marketing data to allow evaluation of the effectiveness of the industrial parks.
The authors prove that the geo information system of industrial parks must be one of the key tools to ensure marketing data for potential investors and residents: and it should be the basis for the formation of programs and measures of state support of development of modern industrial infrastructure of the country.
PARTICIPATION OF THE GPU-OGPU AUTHORITIES IN THE FORMATION OF THE NEW SOVIET INTELLIGENTSIA IN 1920S (ON THE BASIS OF THE OMSK PROVINCE)
Authors: Гуларян  , Gularyan Artem 
Published: April 2016

The official policy of the Bolshevist leadership in the country of «cultural revolution» and transformation of the old «bourgeois» intelligentsia into the Soviet intelligentsia would be impossible without secret-service work of agents of OGPU in higher education institutions.
On the example of Omsk the formation of state control over the intelligentsia in the 1920s can be traced. In future the availability of such a mechanism and its work in scales of the state allowed to create the Soviet intelligentsia with the political consciousness wished for communists, manageable by government, and departments of OGPU were the part of it.
Toxocara and toxocarosis a roundtable discussion
Authors: Mulcahy Grace , Elsheikha Hany , Overgaauw Paul AM , Morgan Eric , Bourne Debra , Betson Martha , Nijsse ER (Rolf) , Whitfield Vanessa , Fitzgerald Ronan , Stokes Laura , Richards Diane , Pedder Ruth 
Published: April 2016

Foreword Toxocara spp. infection in dogs and cats is often taken for granted, although it can cause illness in puppies/kittens, and insufficient research has been carried out in recent decades. Human infection with these parasites, toxocarosis, has been recognised as a neglected disease. The recent publication of a draft genome for T. canis may lead to new targets for development of vaccines and treatments, and new insights into epidemiology. Greater awareness of the level and consequences of human toxocarosis are needed. A One Health approach is essential and veterinary professionals can play an important role in public health education.
A comparison between active knee extension test and back-saver sit-and-reach test in assessing hamstring flexibility among healthy schoolchildren in India
Authors: Samant Rasika , Vishal Kavitha , D'silva Cherishma 
Published: April 2016

Objective: This study evaluated the correlation between the active knee extension test and the back-saver sit and reach test among healthy schoolchildren aged 9–13 years in India. Method: Five hundred and two healthy schoolchildren aged between 9–13 years were recruited from selected schools in India, and their hamstring flexibility for the right and the left leg was measured using the back-saver sit and reach test and the active knee extension test. The test protocol for the back-saver sit and reach test was taken from the FITNESSGRAM fitness test (while active knee extension test was performed according to the procedures taken from reliability studies). A Pearson's correlation coefficient was performed to identify the relationship between the two scores. Results: The mean (SD) of the test values were as follows: active knee extension test right leg: 29.09 (± 6.51); left leg: 29.07 (± 6.51). Back-saver sit and reach test right leg: 10.81 (± 1.79); left leg: 10.83 (± 1.70). The two showed a moderate correlation (right leg r=-.439 and left leg r=-.429, P≤.05). The active knee extension test was more sensitive to age increments, showing an overall decrease in the scores with advancing age. Conclusion: The active knee extension test and the back-saver sit and reach test are both tests that measure hamstring flexibility. The active knee extension test was found to be more sensitive to hamstring length changes, and should be used in the assessment of flexibility.
Hubungan Perubahan Fisik Ruang dengan Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat di Kawasan Koridor Aglomerasi Mertoyudan, Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Anggraeni Nursanti , Sunaryo Broto 
Published: April 2016

<p>Dalam proses perkembangan kawasan Koridor Mertoyudan, aglomerasi perkotaan merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi. Koridor Mertoyudan menangkap <em>demand</em> perkembangan Kota Magelang karena letak administratifnya yang berbatasan langsung. Selain itu, dengan pelebaran jalan arteri nasional, perkembangan Koridor Mertoyudan menjadi semakin pesat. Pada kondisi saat ini, dapat terlihat tingginya konsentrasi aktivitas ekonomi, terutama perdagangan dan jasa di sepanjang Koridor Mertoyudan. Di samping itu, area di belakang Koridor Mertoyudan juga berkembang yang terlihat dari meningkatnya lahan terbangun sebagai respon atas peningkatan jumlah masyarakat dan aktivitasnya. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan adanya aglomerasi perkotaan yang memberikan implikasi pada beberapa aspek, meliputi perubahan fisik ruang, mata pencaharian, tingkat penghasilan masyarakat, frekuensi mobilitas, dan frekuensi interaksi. Fokus penelitian ini adalah hubungan antara perubahan fisik ruang dengan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat di Koridor Mertoyudan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan perubahan fisik ruang dengan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat di kawasan Koridor Mertoyudan sebagai implikasi aglomerasi perkotaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah adanya hubungan antara aspek fisik dengan beberapa aspek sosial ekonomi masyarakat akibat aglomerasi perkotaan Koridor Mertoyudan.</p>
Moduli of continuity, functional spaces,\break and
elliptic boundary value problems. The full regularity spaces
C
α
0,λ(Ω̅)
Authors: Beirão da Veiga Hugo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Let

𝑳

{\boldsymbol{L}}

be a second order uniformly elliptic operator, and
consider the equation

𝑳
⁢
u

=
f

{\boldsymbol{L}u=f}

under the boundary
condition

u
=
0

{u=0}

. We assume data f in generical
subspaces of continuous functions

D

ω
¯

{D_{\overline{\omega}}}

characterized by a
given modulus of continuity

ω
¯

⁢

(
r
)

{\overline{\omega}(r)}

, and show that the
second order derivatives of the solution u belong to
functional spaces

D

ω
^

{D_{\widehat{\omega}}}

, characterized by a modulus of
continuity

ω
^

⁢

(
r
)

{\widehat{\omega}(r)}

expressed in terms of

ω
¯

⁢

(
r
)

{\overline{\omega}(r)}

.
Results are optimal. In some cases, as for Hölder spaces,

D

ω
^

=

D

ω
¯

{D_{\widehat{\omega}}=D_{\overline{\omega}}}

. In this case we say that full regularity
occurs. In particular, full regularity occurs for the new class of
functional spaces

C
α

0
,
λ

⁢

(

Ω
¯

)

{C^{0,\lambda}_{\alpha}(\overline{\Omega})}

which includes, as a
particular case, the classical Hölder spaces

C

0
,
λ

⁢

(

Ω
¯

)

=

C
0

0
,
λ

⁢

(

Ω
¯

)

{C^{0,\lambda}(\overline{\Omega})=C^{0,\lambda}_{0}(\overline{\Omega})}

.
Few words, concerning the possibility of generalizations and
applications to non-linear problems, are expended at the end of the
introduction and also in the last section.
A Singular Limit Problem for the Rosenau–Korteweg-de Vries-Regularized Long Wave and Rosenau-regularized Long Wave Equations
Authors: Coclite Giuseppe Maria , di Ruvo Lorenzo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We consider the Rosenau–Korteweg-de Vries-regularized long wave and Rosenau-regularized long wave equations, which contain nonlinear dispersive effects. We prove that by adding small diffusion to the equations, as the diffusion and dispersion parameters tends to zero, the solutions of the duffusive/dispersive equations converge to the unique entropy solution of a scalar conservation law. The proof relies on deriving suitable a priori estimates together with an application of the compensated compactness method in the

L
p

${L^{p}}$

setting.
Silver nanoparticles – a material of the future…?
Authors: Pulit-Prociak Jolanta , Banach Marcin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe paper presents properties of nanomaterials and methods of their principal applications. Environmental aspects of using nanomaterials and reasons for their toxicity are also reviewed. The vast part of the paper is devoted to properties, application and market of silver nanoparticles. Their biocidal activity is clarified. However, silver nanoparticles may cause environmental pollution. Reasons for their toxicity have been also described.
Recovery of Au(III) ions by Au(III)-imprinted hydrogel
Authors: Fırlak Melike , Çubuk Soner , Yetimoğlu Ece Kök , Kahraman Memet V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA new Au(III)-imprinted hydrogel (Au(III)-Imp) was prepared by the photopolymerisation of 4- acryloylmorpholine (AcM), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (cross-linking monomer, PEG-DA) in the presence of gold ions. In addition, non-imprinted hydrogel (N-Imp) was similarly prepared without Au(III) ions The Au(III)-Imp hydrogel was characterised by several techniques. To achieve the optimal conditions, effect of pH, time, and initial metal ion concentrations were investigated using a batch system. The pre-concentration factor for Au(III) ions was found to be at least 100. The analytical parameters of the method were determined and the method was also successfully applied to computer circuit board scrap samples. The reusability of the Au(III)-Imp hydrogel was also determined.
Migration, Diasporas and Development: Some Critical Perspectives
Authors: Bakewell Oliver 
Published: April 2016

Summary
This article poses three questions about the recent resurgence of academic and policy interest in migration, development and diasporas. First, over many years the connection between migration and development has been of marginal interest for many of those involved in the field of development studies; in many cases, where it has been considered, migration has been seen as a symptom of a development failure and cause of further underdevelopment. What has changed to bring about the dramatic turnaround in views in the last decade? Second, governments and development organisations are increasingly focusing on the role of ‘diasporas’ in the process of development. The attempts to co-opt diasporas into existing development practice tend to assume that they share a common set of interests and aspirations with the development industry.Here, we ask who is included within these diasporas and why should they be expected to contribute to development? This leads to the third question: what is the nature of development in which we are anticipating that the migration process and diasporas should play a role? This article argues that existing models of development are inherently sedentary and struggle to incorporate migration. In the increasingly mobile world new concepts of development are required. An open and critical dialogue between diaspora members and the development industry may help to achieve this.
How Did the Economic Crisis Influence New Firm Creation?
Authors: Hundt Christian , Sternberg Rolf 
Published: April 2016

Summary
There is a broad consensus that the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur is not only influenced by individual characteristics but also by spatial context conditions. However, context factors are not per se stable; they tend to vary over time which is particularly relevant during economic cycles. In Germany, for instance, the rapid economic downturn of 2008/2009 was preceded by a period of growth and followed by an economic upswing in many regions. However, the impact of this crisis on entrepreneurship has not been empirically studied comprehensively. Using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), we analyse entrepreneurial activities in the 39 German NUTS2 regions covering a 13-year period before, during and after the Great Recession of 2008/2009. Applying multilevel regression techniques, we hypothesize that both space and time matter for individual entrepreneurial behaviour. Our results show, first, that space and time can be regarded as two interrelated dimensions that jointly impact entrepreneurial activities. Second, similar individual attributes are associated with diverging likelihoods of becoming an entrepreneur in case individuals are nested in different regions or different time periods and are thus exposed to dissimilar context conditions. Third, the type and number of individual, context and interaction effects are motive-related, i.e. they depend on whether the entrepreneurial action is either opportunity-driven or necessity-driven.