bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semantic approach for multi‐objective optimisation of the ENTICE distributed Virtual Machine and container images repository
Authors: Gec Sandi , Kimovski Dragi , Paščinski Uroš , Prodan Radu , Stankovski Vlado 
Published: August 2017

SummaryNew software engineering technologies facilitate development of applications from reusable software components, such as Virtual Machine and container images (VMI/CIs). Key requirements for the storage of VMI/CIs in public or private repositories are their fast delivery and cloud deployment times. ENTICE is a federated storage facility for VMI/CIs that provides optimisation mechanisms through the use of fragmentation and replication of images and a Pareto Multi‐Objective Optimisation (MO) solver. The operation of the MO solver is, however, time‐consuming due to the size and complexity of the metadata, specifying various non‐functional requirements for the management of VMI/CIs, such as geolocation, operational cost, and delivery time. In this work, we address this problem with a new semantic approach, which uses an ontology of the federated ENTICE repository, knowledge base, and constraint‐based reasoning mechanism. Open Source technologies such as Protégé, Jena Fuseki, and Pellet were used to develop a solution. Two specific use cases, (1) repository optimisation with offline and (2) online redistribution of VMI/CIs, are presented in detail. In both use cases, data from the knowledge base are provided to the MO solver. It is shown that Pellet‐based reasoning can be used to reduce the input metadata size used in the optimisation process by taking into consideration the geographic location of the VMI/CIs and the provenance of the VMI fragments. It is shown that this process leads to reduction of the input metadata size for the MO solver by up to 60% and reduction of the total optimisation time of the MO solver by up to 68%, while fully preserving the quality of the solution, which is significant.
Boosted decision trees for behaviour mining of concurrent programmes
Authors: Avros R. , Dudka V. , Křena B. , Letko Z. , Pluháčková H. , Ur S. , Vojnar T. , Volkovich Z. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryTesting of concurrent programmes is difficult since the scheduling nondeterminism requires one to test a huge number of different thread interleavings. Moreover, repeated test executions that are performed in the same environment will typically examine similar interleavings only. One possible way how to deal with this problem is to use the noise injection approach, which influences the scheduling by injecting various kinds of noise (delays, context switches, etc) into the common thread behaviour. However, for noise injection to be efficient, one has to choose suitable noise injection heuristics from among the many existing ones as well as to suitably choose values of their various parameters, which is not easy. In this paper, we propose a novel way how to deal with the problem of choosing suitable noise injection heuristics and suitable values of their parameters (as well as suitable values of parameters of the programmes being tested themselves). Here, by suitable, we mean such settings that maximize chances of meeting a given testing goal (such as, eg, maximizing coverage of rare behaviours and thus maximizing chances to find rarely occurring concurrency‐related bugs). Our approach is, in particular, based on using data mining in the context of noise‐based testing to get more insight about the importance of the different heuristics in a particular testing context as well as to improve fully automated noise‐based testing (in combination with both random as well as genetically optimized noise setting).
Communication in task‐parallel ILU‐preconditioned CG solvers using MPI + OmpSs
Authors: Aliaga José I. , Barreda María , Flegar Goran , Bollhöfer Matthias , Quintana‐Ortí Enrique S. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryWe target the parallel solution of sparse linear systems via iterative Krylov subspace–based methods enhanced with incomplete LU (ILU)‐type preconditioners on clusters of multicore processors. In order to tackle large‐scale problems, we develop task‐parallel implementations of the classical iteration for the CG method, accelerated via ILUPACK and ILU(0) preconditioners, using MPI + OmpSs. In addition, we integrate several communication‐avoiding strategies into the codes, including the butterfly communication scheme and Eijkhout's formulation of the CG method. For all these implementations, we analyze the communication patterns and perform a comparative analysis of their performance and scalability on a cluster consisting of 16 nodes, with 16 cores each.
X‐Ray Reciprocal Space Mapping of MBE Grown HgCdTe on Alternative Substrates
Authors: Madni Imtiaz , Umana‐Membreno Gilberto A. , Lei Wen , Gu Renjie , Antoszewski Jarek , Faraone Lorenzo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractX‐ray reciprocal space mapping is used to yield quantitative information on strain, strain‐relaxation, shear, as well as dislocation density and mosaicity in MBE‐grown HgCdTe heterostructures. Triple axis x‐ray diffractometry is used to obtain the data, and analysis of the isointensity contours of scattered x‐ray intensity around reciprocal lattice points in HgCdTe epitaxial layers grown on (211)‐oriented substrates. Three different substrates, GaSb, GaAs, and CdZnTe, are used in this investigation. The in‐plane and out‐of‐plane lattice parameters, and strain of the HgCdTe epilayer and underlying CdTe buffer layer, are determined from x‐ray reciprocal space maps about the symmetric (422), and asymmetric (333 & 511) reciprocal lattice points. Analysis of X‐ray scattering about the lattice mismatched reciprocal lattice points show approximately an order of magnitude increase in shear, dislocation density, and strain for growth on alternative substrates in comparison to HgCdTe grown on lattice matched CdZnTe. HgCdTe on GaSb exhibits less shear and the layers are found to be relaxed within the buffer layer. In comparison, higher density of misfit dislocations were found in epilayers grown on GaAs. The analysis of strain distribution, and misfit dislocation density clearly indicate the potential application of GaSb as an alternative substrate for MBE growth of HgCdTe.
Insight into Aluminum Sulfate‐Catalyzed Xylan Conversion into Furfural in a γ‐Valerolactone/Water Biphasic Solvent under Microwave Conditions
Authors: Yang Tao , Zhou Yi‐Han , Zhu Sheng‐Zhen , Pan Hui , Huang Yao‐Bing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA simple and efficient biphasic system with an earth‐abundant metal salt catalyst was used to produce furfural from xylan with a high yield of up to 87.8 % under microwave conditions. Strikingly, the metal salt Al2(SO4)3 exhibited excellent catalytic activity for xylan conversion, owing to a combination of Lewis and Brønsted acidity and its ability to promote good phase separation. The critical role of the SO42− anion was first analyzed, which resulted in the aforementioned characteristics when combined with the Al3+ cation. The mixed solvent system with γ‐valerolactone (GVL) as the organic phase provided the highest furfural yield, resulting from its good dielectric properties and dissolving capacity, which facilitated the absorption of microwave energy and promoted mass transfer. Mechanistic studies suggested that the xylan‐to‐furfural conversion proceeded mainly through a hydrolysis–isomerization–dehydration pathway and the hexa‐coordinated Lewis acidic [Al(OH)2(aq)]+ species were the active sites for xylose–xylulose isomerization. Detailed kinetic studies of the subreaction for the xylan conversion revealed that GVL regulates the reaction rates and pathways by promoting the rates of the key steps involved for furfural production and suppressing the side reactions for humin production. Finally, the Al2(SO4)3 catalyst was used for the production of furfural from several lignocellulosic feedstocks, revealing its great potential for other biomass conversions.
Characterization of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi marine shale in Changning area in the south Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Jiang Yuqiang , Chen Lei , Qi Lin , Luo Mingsheng , Chen Xiaoyan , Tao Yanzhong , Wang Zhanlei 
Published: August 2017

On the basis of the core description, thin sections, and geochemistry data, we characterized the Lower Silurian Longmaxi marine shale in the Changning area in the south Sichuan Basin. Ten lithofacies were identified in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi marine shale: (a) massive silty shale (Lithofacies A); (b) laminated siliceous calcareous shale (Lithofacies B); (c) calcareous shale (Lithofacies C); (d) silty dolomitic shale (Lithofacies D); (e) argillaceous siltstone (Lithofacies E); (f) siltstone (Lithofacies F); (g) laminated silty shale (Lithofacies G); (h) silty calcareous shale (Lithofacies H); (i) argillaceous lime shale (marl) (Lithofacies I); and (j) bentonite (Lithofacies J). Obvious heterogeneity occurred in different lithofacies in terms of mineralogy, total organic carbon (TOC) content, porosity, permeability, pore surface area, total pore volume, and total gas content. Among these lithofacies, Lithofacies B has the highest porosity (5.4%), pore surface area (12.79 m2/g), total pore volume (0.015 cc/g), TOC content (4.37%), total gas content (3.4 m3/ton), and relatively high brittle minerals, suggesting great shale gas potential. Lithofacies A, C, and D have a relatively high brittle minerals, porosity, pore surface area, total pore volume, TOC content, and total gas content, which means that these 3 lithofacies show relatively good potential for shale gas. The rest of the lithofacies have low brittle minerals content, porosity, pore surface area, total pore volume, TOC content, and total gas content, representing poor shale gas potential.
Reactive astrocyte COX2‐PGE2 production inhibits oligodendrocyte maturation in neonatal white matter injury
Authors: Shiow Lawrence R. , Favrais Geraldine , Schirmer Lucas , Schang Anne‐Laure , Cipriani Sara , Andres Christian , Wright Jaclyn N. , Nobuta Hiroko , Fleiss Bobbi , Gressens Pierre , Rowitch David H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInflammation is a major risk factor for neonatal white matter injury (NWMI), which is associated with later development of cerebral palsy. Although recent studies have demonstrated maturation arrest of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in NWMI, the identity of inflammatory mediators with direct effects on OPCs has been unclear. Here, we investigated downstream effects of pro‐inflammatory IL‐1β to induce cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in white matter. First, we assessed COX2 expression in human fetal brain and term neonatal brain affected by hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). In the developing human brain, COX2 was expressed in radial glia, microglia, and endothelial cells. In human term neonatal HIE cases with subcortical WMI, COX2 was strongly induced in reactive astrocytes with “A2” reactivity. Next, we show that OPCs express the EP1 receptor for PGE2, and PGE2 acts directly on OPCs to block maturation in vitro. Pharmacologic blockade with EP1‐specific inhibitors (ONO‐8711, SC‐51089), or genetic deficiency of EP1 attenuated effects of PGE2. In an IL‐1β‐induced model of NWMI, astrocytes also exhibit “A2” reactivity and induce COX2. Furthermore, in vivo inhibition of COX2 with Nimesulide rescues hypomyelination and behavioral impairment. These findings suggest that neonatal white matter astrocytes can develop “A2” reactivity that contributes to OPC maturation arrest in NWMI through induction of COX2‐PGE2 signaling, a pathway that can be targeted for neonatal neuroprotection.
Psychosocial behaviour management programme for home‐dwelling people with dementia: A cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nakanishi Miharu , Endo Kaori , Hirooka Kayo , Granvik Eva , Minthon Lennart , Nägga Katarina , Nishida Atsushi 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveLittle is known about the effectiveness of a psychosocial behaviour management programme on home‐dwelling people with dementia. We developed a Behaviour Analytics & Support Enhancement (BASE) programme for care managers and professional caregivers of home care services in Japan. We investigated the effects of BASE on challenging behaviour of home‐dwelling people with dementia.MethodsA cluster‐randomized controlled trial was conducted with home care providers from 3 different districts in Tokyo. Each provider recruited persons with dementia aged 65 years or older to receive home care in the BASE programme in August 2016. An online monitoring and assessment system was introduced to the intervention group for repeated measures of challenging behaviour with a total score of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Care professionals in both the intervention and control groups evaluated challenging behaviour of persons with dementia at baseline (September 2016) and follow‐up (February 2017).ResultsA majority of persons with dementia had Alzheimer disease (59.3%). One‐hundred and forty‐one persons with dementia were included in the intervention group and 142 in the control group. Multilevel modelling revealed a significant reduction in challenging behaviour in the intervention group after 6 months (mean score, 18.3 to 11.2) compared with that of the control group (11.6 to 10.8; P < .05).ConclusionThe implementation of the BASE programme resulted in a reduction of challenging behaviour of home‐dwelling people with dementia. Future research should examine the long‐term effects of behaviour management programmes on behaviour, nursing home placement, and hospital admission of home‐dwelling people with dementia.
Raising quality whilst reducing cost in health care: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jeve Yadava B. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between cost and quality within the health care sector and to establish which factors could influence this relationship. The aim was to investigate the dynamics of the relationship, in order to improve the quality whilst reducing the cost.DesignThis is a retrospective cohort study, analysing quality, safety, and financial data from a 5‐year period.SettingA publicly funded tertiary hospital.ParticipantsThe dependent variable was cost saved, and the independent variables were patient safety, patient satisfaction, and clinical efficiency.Main outcome measures: Financial savings and quality domains.ResultsA statistically significant relationship between the variables was found. Multivariate analysis derived the equation Y = βX1 + c, where Y is the cost saved, β is the beta coefficient, X1 is the clinical efficiency, and c is a constant. R2 = 0.874 (coefficient of determination), which suggested that the cost saved by the unit varied due to clinical efficiency. Clinical efficiency accounted for 87.4% of the variation in the cost saved by the unit.ConclusionsThe results indicated that, after the trade‐off value, an improvement in the quality would result in reduced costs for the unit. Clinical efficiency of the services was found to be the key factor determining this relationship. Therefore, strategies to increase clinical efficiency, and thus overall quality, above the trade‐off level could result in significant financial savings. Patient safety and patient experience were positively correlated with clinical efficiency.
Evaluating Australia's most complex system‐of‐systems, the future submarine: A case for using new Complex Systems Governance
Authors: Bradley Joseph M. , Joiner Keith F. , Efatmaneshnik Mahmoud , Keating Charles B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAs many systems grew in complexity and connected to other existing systems, the concept of Systems of Systems (SoS) was developed to explain the behavior, operation and design of these more complex and inter‐connected systems. Early research recognized the difficulty in classic testing and evaluating (T&E) for these SoS. Much effort has been expended attempting to predict the emergent behaviors in SoSs, developing and executing T&E programs involving more sophisticated multi‐factor and multi‐response statistical techniques, and then recovering when some unpredicted emergent behaviors were discovered despite these efforts. Recently, an emerging concept of Complex System Governance (CSG) has been developed as yet another weapon in the armory for managing development of complex interdependent capability architectures. CSG is based on a firm grounding in System Theory and Management Cybernetics. The potential application of robust CSG structure to reduce or mitigate emergent T&E surprises is proposed in this paper. Using Australia's Future Submarine (FSM) program as an illustration, this paper has examined the need for such an application, examine several of the governance propositions focused on the developmental T&E regime and provided potential areas to leverage the efficacy of this approach to such major development programs.
Applying A3 reports for early validation and optimization of stakeholder communication in development projects
Authors: Frøvold Kristian , Muller Gerrit , Pennotti Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe observed in our company that there is too little communication between development groups and external stakeholders. Large organizational distances can explain some of these problems. Insufficient communication can lead to validation problems, if requirements are developed on the wrong basis. For development groups it can be hard to see real customer needs. Will the operator/customer be satisfied? How will the whole system function as a product?A3 reports emerged as a problem‐solving tool from Toyota's lean development. Toyota's success with this method led to the method spreading to other domains. This study applied the method of using A3 sheets, with modeling and text, for early validation and communication purposes.This study's goal was to create tool for early validation and communication, for system design. The study shows that by using A3 reports for early validation designers may improve communication, build a common understanding, and contribute to the early validation for a system or a system function. This research focuses on a top‐level system function, developed in a large multidisciplinary project. The function interfaced many systems and required extensive communication. By using A3 reports knowledge was collected, systemized, analyzed, shared, and incrementally improved, Participants in the study concluded that this visualization technique was supporting early validation.
Using an Agent‐Based Simulation to Evaluate the Performance of Control Algorithms for an Intelligent Traffic Light System
Authors: Panek John 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper examines a case study for using an agent‐based model to evaluate potential solutions to the ubiquitous problem of automobile traffic. The overall objective is to use simulations to evaluate the performance of intelligent traffic light system control algorithms to improve traffic flow along an entire section of highway. The approach uses an agent‐based modeling tool to simulate the flow of traffic using several different traffic control algorithms. The methodology includes steps to define the measures of effectiveness, simulation parameters, traffic control algorithms, and identify a simulation tool, followed by simulating the algorithms, and evaluating the performance results. Several alternative algorithms were evaluated including single‐intersection control and multi‐intersection synchronized flow. The initial results show a significant performance difference between the control algorithms. However, simulated traffic conditions need to be validated, along with further model refinements, before a final assessment of the algorithm performance can be made.
A Complexity Measure for System Safety Assurance
Authors: Sheard Sarah A. , Konrad Michael D. , Weinstock Charles B. , Nichols William R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper describes a two‐year research effort to define complexity measures for avionics systems in order to help the FAA identify when systems are too complex to be able to assure their safety. The research project developed a measure of complexity related to the number of ways that an avionics system error (fault) could propagate from one element to another. Since each potential propagation requires another sub‐argument in the safety case, the number of such arguments should be proportional to certification effort. Thus, the ability to show that the system is safe, through the certification process, should depend on whether a system has low enough complexity (number of ways for errors to propagate).Our results include a formula for estimating the “error‐propagation complexity” from a system design, the results of using that formula on small and medium systems, and steps for using the formula. The test of the formula was performed by repeating that calculation on a second design for the first system and briefly on a larger design identified by the FAA, from a NASA technical report.
Model‐based design of an autonomous function for responsive satellite operations
Authors: Obata Toshihiro , Nakasuka Shinichi , Shirasaka Seiko 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPROMPT (PRompt Observation Methodology with intelligent Pointing and Testing) is a concept for the responsive observation method used by a satellite with an autonomous function on board. This paper shows its concept of how to shorten the timeline to observation of days to a month that normal satellites take after their launch. It also shows a model‐based design of an autonomous function that enables a robust satellite behavior against on‐orbit uncertainties.
Environmental Asset Management: Risk Management Systems
Authors: Naudé Brian , Petzer Charl 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEnvironmental Asset Management (EAM) includes Environmental Asset Protection (EAP). Rare, important, and valuable natural assets need protection from vandalism and criminal syndicates determined to exploit these assets, for commercial gain or other purposes until the assets are exhausted. This paper addresses elements of environmental crime and the risk management strategies as part of EAP, including risk management system functions. A unique implemented risk management system in the Kruger National Park (KNP) is presented. Aspects of implementation are discussed including; challenges, lessons learnt, and initial measurable effects obtained.
Development of a Model to Gauge Second‐order Effects of Train Component Upgrades
Authors: Scott William , Cao Vu Lam , Peculis Ricardo , Campbell Peter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhen upgrading rail infrastructure ROI‐based decisions partly rely on the demonstration of immediate improvements from those upgrades to the system. The rail industry is beginning to suffer in some areas from diminishing ROI from improving parts of its infrastructure. To inform decisions and help justify large expenditures, modelling needs to be done to detect the likely improvement to dependent systems as well as the primary system. Sydney Trains (ST) has undertaken a pilot study to demonstrate how modelling can be used to propagate performance changes made in one sub‐system into its dependent neighbors. The trial examines how to model the effect of improvements to the air dryer on the reliability and lifecycle of pneumatic systems of the Tangara train which utilize the air: the doors and brakes. The very detailed level model in this case helps provide evidence of improved reliability in these dependent systems can then be used to further justify the ROI and to assist in assessing the safety of the system on an ongoing basis.
Writing Instruction and Mentor Text Habits of Mind: A Review of Writing With Mentors: How to Reach Every Writer in the Room Using Current, Engaging Mentor Texts
Authors: Kerr Kristine Rodriguez 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis forum reviews a mix of resources (written texts, graphic novels, documentaries, and mixed‐media pieces) to inform pedagogy and related educational practices that foreground representations of youths and their literacy practices within and outside of school.