bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiplex Immunosensor Arrays for Electrochemical Detection of Cancer Biomarker Proteins
Authors: Munge Bernard S. , Stracensky Thomas , Gamez Kathleen , DiBiase Dimitri , Rusling James F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMeasuring panels of protein biomarkers offer a new personalized approach to early cancer detection, disease monitoring and patients’ response to therapy. Multiplex electrochemical methods are uniquely positioned to provide faster, more sensitive, point of care (POC) devices to detect protein biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. Nanomaterials‐based electrochemical methods offer sensitivity needed for early cancer detection. This review discusses recent advances in multiplex electrochemical immunosensors for cancer diagnostics and disease monitoring. Different electrochemical strategies including enzyme‐based immunoarrays, nanoparticle‐based immunoarrays and electrochemiluminescence methods are discussed. Many of these methods have been integrated into microfluidic systems, but measurement of more than 2–4 protein markers in a small single serum sample is still a challenge. For POC applications, a simple, low cost method is required. Major challenges in multiplexed microfluidic immunoassays are reagent additions and washing steps that require creative engineering solutions. 3‐D printed microfluidics and paper‐based microfluidic devices are also explored.
Gene‐environment interaction between the MMP9 C–1562T promoter variant and cigarette smoke in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Stankovic Marija , Kojic Snezana , Djordjevic Valentina , Tomovic Andrija , Nagorni‐Obradovic Ljudmila , Petrovic‐Stanojevic Natasa , Mitic‐Milikic Marija , Radojkovic Dragica 
Published: June 2016

The aetiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is complex. While cigarette smoking is a well‐established cause of COPD, a myriad of assessed genetic factors has given conflicting data. Since gene‐environment interactions are thought to be implicated in aetiopathogenesis of COPD, we aimed to examine the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 C–1562T (rs3918242) functional variant and cigarette smoke in the pathogenesis of this disease. The distribution of the MMP9 C–1562T variant was analyzed in COPD patients and controls with normal pulmonary function from Serbia. Interaction between the C–1562T genetic variant and cigarette smoking was assessed using a case‐control model. The response of the C–1562T promoter variant to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) exposure was examined using a dual luciferase reporter assay. The frequency of T allele carriers was higher in the COPD group than in smoker controls (38.4% vs. 20%; OR = 2.7, P = 0.027). Interaction between the T allele and cigarette smoking was identified in COPD occurrence (OR = 4.38, P = 0.005) and severity (P = 0.001). A functional analysis of the C–1562T variant demonstrated a dose‐dependent and allele‐specific response (P < 0.01) to CSC. Significantly higher MMP9 promoter activity following CSC exposure was found for the promoter harboring the T allele compared to the promoter harboring the C allele (P < 0.05). Our study is the first to reveal an interaction between the MMP9–1562T allele and cigarette smoke in COPD, emphasising gene‐environment interactions as a possible cause of lung damage in the pathogenesis of COPD. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:447–454, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Formation, tectonic evolution and dynamics of the East China Sea Shelf Basin
Authors: Zhang Jianpei , Li Sanzhong , Suo Yanhui 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe East China Sea Shelf Basin (ECSSB) is located on the southeastern continental margin of the Eurasian Plate. The basement of the ECSSB is an extension of the Cathaysian Block as well as an important part of the West Pacific or East Asian Continental Margin tectonic domain. By the analysis of global plate tectonic evolution, the ECSSB is situated in the eastern part of the West Pacific triangle region, as a huge convergence zone between the Indian‐Australian, Pacific and Eurasian plates, as well as a global convergence centre. The ECSSB is closely related to the evolution of the Tethyan and West Pacific tectonic domains. Overall, the ECSSB is a pull‐apart basin under the transtensional tectonic setting of a continental margin, which is contributed to by the combination of subduction retreat and back‐arc spreading between the Eurasian Plate and the Pacific Plate, and the far‐field effect of the collision and extrusion between the Indian‐Australian and Eurasian plates, and deep mantle dynamics. The formation mechanism of the ECSSB is under passive extension. The eastward mantle flow and the asthenospheric upwelling in the deep Earth are the main driving forces of the basin jumping and eastward tectonic migration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multi‐wavelength, laser‐based optical spectroscopy device for breast density and breast cancer risk pre‐screening
Authors: Walter E. Jane , Knight Julia A. , Lilge Lothar 
Published: June 2016

Optical Breast Spectroscopy (OBS) has been shown to predict mammographic breast density, a strong breast cancer risk factor. OBS is a low‐cost technique applicable at any age. OBS information may be useful for personalizing breast cancer screening programs based on risk to improve consensus on and adherence to screening guidelines. To facilitate the use of OBS in population‐wide studies, a research prototype OBS device was modified to make it portable and cheaper and to require less operator interaction. Two major changes were made: (1) the broadband light source was replaced with a laser module with 13 individual wavelengths turned on sequentially, enabling the use of photodiode detectors instead of a spectrometer, and (2) the light sources and detectors were placed in fixed positions within 4 sizes of cup, eliminating the need for placement by the operator. Wavelengths were selected using data from two previous studies. The reduction in spectral content did not significantly reduce the ability to distinguish between different risk groups. Positions for the light sources and detectors were chosen based on Monte Carlo simulations to match the optically interrogated volumes of the original device. Two light sources and six detectors per cup were used in the final design.
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Determination of Butylated Hydroxyanisole by Briggs‐Rauscher Oscillating Reaction Catalyzed by a Macrocyclic Nickel (II) Complex
Authors: Hu Juanjuan , Hu Gang , Song Jimei , Fang Zhaohui , Shen Xiaofeng , Hu Lin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA novel analytical approach for quantitative measurement of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is dis‐ cussed in this paper. Such a method depends on the inhibitory effect of BHA on a Briggs‐Rauscher (B‐R) oscillating reaction. Unlike the classical B‐R system which involves Mn2+ as the catalyst, such a B‐R sys‐ tem is catalyzed by a macrocyclic nickel (II) complex [NiL](ClO4)2, where L in the complex is an unsatu‐ rated ligand 5,7,7,12,14,14‐hexemethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradeca‐4,11‐diene. By perturbation of BHA on the system, the oscillation was inhibited in the presence trace amounts of BHA and the inhibition time was found to be proportional to the concentration of BHA over the range 1.00×10−7–1.20×10−4 mol/L. Two calibration curves were obtained: the first linear regression is over the range of 1.00×10−7–2.00×10−6 mol/L, and the second linear regression is over the range between 2.00×10−6 and 1.20×10−4 mol/L, with a lowest limit of detection of 4.00×10−8 mol/L. UV spectra measurements were employed to clarify the possible perturbation mechanism caused by BHA on the B‐R oscillating reaction.
Inflammation‐induced transgene expression in genetically engineered equine mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Gabner Simone , Hlavaty Juraj , Velde Karsten , Renner Matthias , Jenner Florien , Egerbacher Monika 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis, a chronic and progressive degenerative joint disorder, ranks amongst the top five causes of disability. Given the high incidence, associated socioeconomic costs and the absence of effective disease‐modifying therapies of osteoarthritis, cell‐based treatments offer a promising new approach. Owing to their paracrine, differentiation and self‐renewal abilities, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential for regenerative medicine, which might be further enhanced by targeted gene therapy. Hence, the development of systems allowing transgene expression, particularly when regulated by natural disease‐dependent occuring substances, is of high interest.MethodsBone marrow‐isolated equine MSCs were stably transduced with an HIV‐1 based lentiviral vector expressing the luciferase gene under control of an inducible nuclear factor κB (NFκB)‐responsive promoter. Marker gene expression was analysed by determining luciferase activity in transduced cells stimulated with different concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐1β or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α.ResultsA dose‐dependent increase in luciferase expression was observed in transduced MSCs upon cytokine stimulation. The induction effect was more potent in cells treated with TNFα compared to those treated with IL‐1β. Maximum transgene expression was obtained after 48 h of stimulation and the same time was necessary to return to baseline luciferase expression levels after withdrawal of the stimulus. Repeated cycles of induction allowed on–off modulation of transgene expression without becoming refractory to induction. The NFκB‐responsive promoter retained its inducibility also in chondrogenically differentiated MSC/Luc cells.ConclusionsThe results of the present study demonstrate that on demand transgene expression from the NFκB‐responsive promoter using naturally occurring inflammatory cytokines can be induced in undifferentiated and chondrogenically differentiated equine MSCs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomic variations of brachial and lumbosacral plexus models in different rat strains
Authors: Bobkiewicz Adam , Cwykiel Joanna , Siemionow Maria 
Published: June 2016

PurposeSelection of an appropriate model for preclinical assessment of new methods of peripheral nerve injury management is crucial. This report presents anatomic variations within brachial and lumbosacral plexuses in three selected rat strains Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD), Lewis (LEW/SsNHsd), and Athymic Nude (Hsd:RH‐Foxn1rnu) rats.MethodsBased on their strain eighteen rats were divided into three groups. A total of 90 brachial plexus nerves (axillary, musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, and radial nerves) and 72 lumbosacral plexus nerves (sciatic, tibial, common peroneal, and sural nerves) were analyzed for the length, diameter and correlation with the body weight. A detailed anatomic course of each nerve within the brachial and lumbosacral plexuses was outlined.ResultsThe sural nerve was the longest nerve in all studied rat strains, whereas the sciatic nerve had the largest diameter. Comparison of all the nerves' length demonstrated that the Lewis rat sciatic and sural nerves were significantly shorter (P < 0.05). No significant differences in nerve diameters were found among the analyzed rat strain groups. Significant correlation was revealed between the length of sciatic nerve and the rats' weight, which is irrelevant to the rats' genetic background.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that nerves' length within rat's brachial and lumbosacral plexus depends on the inter‐individual variations within the rat strains rather than on the differences in the peripheral nerve development, which is inherent to the specific rat strain. Correlation between the nerve length and body weight, suggests that bigger rats should be considered for studies requiring access to the long nerves. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:327–333, 2017.
Effects Of treadmill training on hindlimb muscles of spinal cord–injured mice
Authors: Battistuzzo Camila R. , Rank Michelle M. , Flynn Jamie R. , Morgan David L. , Callister Robin , Callister Robert J. , Galea Mary P. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Treadmill training is known to prevent muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury (SCI), but the training duration required to optimize recovery has not been investigated. Methods: Hemisected mice were randomized to 3, 6, or 9 weeks of training or no training. Muscle fiber type composition and fiber cross‐sectional area (CSA) of medial gastrocnemius (MG), soleus (SOL), and tibialis anterior (TA) were assessed using ATPase histochemistry. Results: Muscle fiber type composition of SCI animals did not change with training. However, 9 weeks of training increased the CSA of type IIB and IIX fibers in TA and MG muscles. Conclusions: Nine weeks of training after incomplete SCI was effective in preventing atrophy of fast‐twitch muscles, but there were limited effects on slow‐twitch muscles and muscle fiber type composition. These data provide important evidence of the benefits of exercising paralyzed limbs after SCI. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 55: 232–242, 2017
Transformations, economics, and bitter outcomes: Archaeological investigations at Betty's Hope Plantation—a case study reflecting 300 years of Caribbean sugar production
Authors: Fox Georgia L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBetty's Hope Plantation, on the island of Antigua, provides a case study to explore the changes and transformations occurring during the rise of the British Caribbean sugar plantation system. Since 2007, archaeological investigations at the site and related archival research have revealed that new technologies in the production of sugar can be identified over three centuries. In this investigation, questions arise as to the efficiencies of sugar production technology and innovation in an industry that relied mainly on enslaved labor. The desire for sugar also converged with the technological innovations of the industrial revolution, which can be seen in the artifacts recovered from the site. Applying the theoretical framework of world systems theory allows for micro‐ and macro‐scale approaches to understanding life on this Caribbean sugar plantation. From an ecological perspective, world systems theory, when linked to the model of the dynamics of coupled natural and human systems, provides a potential bridge to considering the relationship between humans and their environment at Betty's Hope, its ecology, and the peoples who inhabited this landscape. The legacy of “King Sugar” has left more than bitter memories; the seeds of ecological destruction were sown long ago, as the system eventually collapsed under its own weight.
Re‐creating economic and cultural values in Bulgaria's wine industry: From an economy of quantity to an economy of quality?
Authors: Jung Yuson 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe transformation of the Bulgarian wine industry from a state‐owned and heavily industrialized enterprise into many privatized wineries and vineyards following the collapse of state socialism involved the question of how to transform an economy of quantity to one of quality. At the heart of this question are contestations around the meanings and values of technology in wine production. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Bulgaria among wine producers and stakeholders of the wine industry since 2008, this article discusses the debates and practices in Bulgarian wine production to understand how different attitudes regarding technology and its uses affect the social construction of “quality.” As a marginal wine‐producing country with a compelling Cold War history, the Bulgarian case offers an interesting vantage point from which to think about the cultural economy of the globalized food system. I show how Bulgarian wine producers in the postsocialist era grapple with different systems of value and how technology plays a role in their construction. The resulting contestations and tension over technology in constructing meanings of quality show how technologies and systems of value intersect in interesting ways.
Alternative economic strategies and the technology treadmill: Beginning vegetable farmers in Iowa
Authors: Rissing Andrea 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article describes the specialized technologies and nonmonetary economic strategies used by beginning vegetable farmers in Iowa alternative agriculture. Cochrane's model of the technology treadmill suggests that the newest wave of precision agriculture technology will soon become compulsory on large‐scale grain farms in Iowa, but these are not the only technologies driving Midwestern agriculture forward. Beginning farmers in Iowa alternative agriculture seek to establish profitable, small‐scale, direct‐market farms. In pursuit of these goals, many look to technological solutions, such as specialized cold‐storage systems, harvesters, and root washers. However, these technologies are often unaffordable for debt‐averse new farmers. To access these solutions, beginning farmers integrate their use of agricultural technologies into a range of alternative economic strategies, including bartering, equipment sharing, and reciprocal labor exchange. This article argues that these nonmonetary strategies effectively allow beginning farmers access to the efficiency benefits of technology while simultaneously providing a buffer to the classic treadmill effect of “get big or get out.”
Unearthing human progress? Ecomodernism and contrasting definitions of technological progress in the Anthropocene
Authors: Isenhour Cindy 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWith increased awareness of the current and projected consequences of climate change, many have argued that rapid technological progress presents the sole means by which to avoid dangerous climate change and ensure human welfare. Proponents of this “ecomodernist” perspective argue that, with technological innovation, climate mitigation doesn't have to come at the expense of the economy. Instead, economic growth can be decoupled from ecological harm through efficiency gains and the technological intensification of human activities. Marshalling very different theoretical and empirical perspectives, critics argue that contemporary reliance on technology has proven insufficient and has often had deleterious systemic consequences, including delayed mitigation and the displacement of environmental costs in an unequal global economy. This article is inspired by an ethnographic moment that drew these two contemporary perspectives into sharp relief and is grounded in a survey of the highly contradictory evidence in support of and contrary to the ecomodernist perspective. It traces these perspectives to fundamentally different views on the nature of technology and progress, both with deep theoretical roots familiar to economic and environmental anthropologists. In the end, the article argues that the dominant emphasis on technological progress, though hopeful, is linked to affluent urban perspectives that delegitimize more aggressive and just proposals for climate mitigation and human progress.
Introduction: Technologies and the transformation of economies
Authors: Ilahiane Hsain , Venter Marcie L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn April 2015, the Society of Economic Anthropology held its annual conference, hosted at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, to discuss the theme “Technologies and the Transformation of Economies.” The articles in this volume examine the multifaceted relationship between people and technology across different societies and at different periods in the history of social and economic transformations. This introduction to the volume (1) contextualizes the conference and frames the discussion of social transformations and technology within the larger debates on people and technology, (2) introduces the different articles from archaeology and ethnography that may potentially contribute to the scholarly debates on people and technology within anthropology and related social sciences, and (3) suggests new areas for future research on people and technology.
Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Nitroaldol (Henry) Reactions: Recent Developments
Authors: Murugavel Govindarasu , Sadhu Pradeep , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSelf‐assembled copper(II) complexes are described as effective catalysts for nitroaldol (Henry) reactions on water. The protocol involves a heterogeneous process and the catalysts can be recovered and recycled without loss of activity. Further, C2‐symmetric N,N′‐substituted chiral copper(II) salan complexes are found to be more effective catalysts than chiral copper(II) salen complexes for reactions in homogeneous catalysis, with high enantioselectivities. The reactions involve bifunctional catalysis, bearing the properties of a Brønsted base, as well as a Lewis acid, to effect the reaction in the absence of external additives.
Early prediction of twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Stagnati V. , Zanardini C. , Fichera A. , Pagani G. , Quintero R. A. , Bellocco R. , Prefumo F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the role of first‐ and early second‐trimester markers in the prediction of twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in monochorionic twin pregnancies.MethodsElectronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to April 2014, using the MeSH term ‘fetofetal transfusion’ in combination with phrases ‘predictive value’, ‘sensitivity’, ‘specificity’, ‘false positive’, ‘false negative’, ‘screening’, ‘accuracy’ and ‘ROC’. Study quality was assessed using the PRISMA guidelines and QUADAS‐2 tool. A meta‐analysis was planned for the following predictive factors: intertwin nuchal translucency (NT) discrepancy; NT > 95th percentile in at least one twin; intertwin crown–rump length (CRL) discrepancy as a percentage of the larger CRL; abnormal ductus venosus (DV) flow in at least one twin. The outcome assessed was TTTS, defined according to the presence of a twin oligohydramnios–polyhydramnios sequence. The diagnostic performance of the predictive factors was evaluated for each included study.ResultsThe electronic search identified 152 records, of which 23 were assessed in full for eligibility. We identified 13 eligible studies that reported the predictive accuracy of ultrasound parameters, measured before 16 weeks, for the development of TTTS, including a total of 1991 pregnancies, of which 323 developed TTTS. An increased risk of TTTS was associated with: intertwin NT discrepancy (positive likelihood ratio (LR+), 1.92 (95% CI, 1.25–2.96); negative likelihood ratio (LR–), 0.65 (95% CI, 0.50–0.84)); NT > 95th percentile (LR+, 2.63 (95% CI, 1.51–4.58); LR–, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.75–0.96)); CRL discrepancy > 10% (LR+, 1.80 (95% CI, 1.05–3.07); LR–, 0.92 (95% CI, 0.81–1.05)); abnormal DV flow (LR+, 4.77 (95% CI, 1.33–17.04; LR–, 0.49 (95% CI, 0.17–1.41)). The highest sensitivities were observed for intertwin NT discrepancy (52.8% (95% CI, 43.8–61.7%)) and abnormal DV flow (50.0% (95% CI, 33.4–66.6%)).ConclusionMonochorionic twin pregnancies with intertwin NT discrepancy, NT > 95th percentile, intertwin CRL discrepancy > 10% or abnormal DV flow on first‐trimester ultrasound examination are at significantly increased risk of developing TTTS. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.