bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Adjacent Vehicles on Judgments of a Lead Car During Car Following
Authors: Levulis Samuel J. , DeLucia Patricia R. , Oberfeld Daniel 
Published: June 2016

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to determine whether detection of the onset of a lead car’s deceleration and judgments of its time to contact (TTC) were affected by the presence of vehicles in lanes adjacent to the lead car. Background: In a previous study, TTC judgments of an approaching object by a stationary observer were influenced by an adjacent task-irrelevant approaching object. The implication is that vehicles in lanes adjacent to a lead car could influence a driver’s ability to detect the lead car’s deceleration and to make judgments of its TTC. Method: Displays simulated car-following scenes in which two vehicles in adjacent lanes were either present or absent. Participants were instructed to respond as soon as the lead car decelerated (Experiment 1) or when they thought their car would hit the decelerating lead car (Experiment 2). Results: The presence of adjacent vehicles did not affect response time to detect deceleration of a lead car but did affect the signal detection theory measure of sensitivity d′ and the number of missed deceleration events. Judgments of the lead car’s TTC were shorter when adjacent vehicles were present and decelerated early than when adjacent vehicles were absent. Conclusion: The presence of vehicles in nearby lanes can affect a driver’s ability to detect a lead car’s deceleration and to make subsequent judgments of its TTC. Application: Results suggest that nearby traffic can affect a driver’s ability to accurately judge a lead car’s motion in situations that pose risk for rear-end collisions.
Comparing consultation-liaison psychiatrist’s and neurologist’s approaches to delirium – A retrospective analysis
Authors: Mews Marie Rosa , Tauch Deborah , Erdur Hebun , Quante Arnim 
Published: June 2016

Objective To compare the diagnostic, management, and treatment recommendations made by consultation-liaison psychiatrists (CLP) and neurologists (CLN) for suspected delirium and to investigate factors that may have influenced the choice for a particular consultation service. Method In this retrospective case analysis, we screened the files of 1882 (CLP: 1112, CLN: 770) inpatients seen by CLP and CLN at the Charité – University Medicine, Berlin, Germany, in 2013. This revealed a total of 148 (CLP: 99, CLN: 49) delirium patients. Information found on the consultation form and in the patients’ files was used for data collection and subsequently analyzed. Results Intensive care and surgical units preferably called CLP, while internists consulted more CLN and patients suffering from neurological or psychiatric preconditions were more often seen by the respective specialist. Despite no significant difference between psychomotor activity levels among the groups, CLP recommended significantly more pharmacological interventions ( p = 0.000) and CLN ordered significantly more diagnostic procedures ( p = 0.000). Conclusion Our results show considerable differences between CLP and CLN treatment recommendations, which may indicate a conflicting approach to delirium work-up, not accountable to unequal patient characteristics. These preliminary results are not conclusive and should be followed up by high evidence level research.
Behavioural problems in the first year after Severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Nygren DeBoussard Catharina , Lannsjö Marianne , Stenberg Maud , Stålnacke Britt-Marie , Godbolt Alison K 
Published: June 2016

Objective: To investigate the occurrence of behavioural problems in patients with severe traumatic brain injury during the first year after injury and potential associations with outcome. An additional post hoc objective was to analyse the frequency of behaviours with need for intervention from staff. Design and setting: In a prospective population based cohort study 114 patients with severe traumatic brain injury were assessed at three weeks, three months and one year after injury. Main measures: Assessments included clinical examination and standardised instruments. Agitation was assessed with the Agitated Behaviour Scale, the course of recovery by the Rancho Los Amigo Scale and outcome by Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended. Results: Agitation were most common at 3 weeks post injury and 28% ( n=68) of the patients showed at least one agitated behaviour requiring intervention from staff. Presence of significant agitation at 3 weeks after injury was not associated with poor outcome. At 3 months agitation was present in 11% ( n=90) and apathy in 26 out of 81 assessed patients. At 3 months agitation and apathy were associated with poor outcome at one year. Conclusions: Most agitated behaviours in the early phase are transient and are not associated with poor outcome. Agitation and apathy are uncommon at three months but when present are associated with poor outcome at one year after injury. In the early phase after a severe traumatic brain injury agitated behaviour in need of interventions from staff occur in a substantial proportion of patients.
Diverse Perceptions of Cross-Racial Adoption in South Africa
Authors: Tanga Pius T. , Nyasha Kausi 
Published: June 2016

Purpose: This study explored the perceptions of stakeholders regarding the practice of cross-racial adoption (CRA) in East London, South Africa. Method: A qualitative research design was used. Data were collected through individual interviews and focus group discussions from 23 participants. The data were analyzed qualitatively, using thematic analysis. Results: The results show that there are mixed perceptions among the participants, with White participants more likely than participants of other racial groups to support the practice of the CRA. The findings also revealed that the practice of CRA is a controversial, yet an increasing phenomenon in which most Black children are being adopted by White parents. Conclusion: It is concluded that although the practice of CRA is an acceptable form of custody of children in need of care and protection, it is still an area that requires more attention from scholars and researchers. Pertinent recommendations have been made to various stakeholders.
Use of Palliative Chemo- and Radiotherapy at the End of Life in Patients With Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Gu Xiao-Li , Chen Meng-Lei , Liu Ming-Hui , Zhao Wei-Wei , Cheng Wen-Wu 
Published: June 2016

Background: Administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy near the end of life is a frequently discussed issue nowadays. We have evaluated the factors associated with the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy at the end of life among terminally ill patients in China. Methods: This study included the data from patients who had died from advanced cancer who underwent palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy between January 2007 and December 2013 at the Department of Palliative Care of Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center. Data were collected from hospital medical records. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the factors independently associated with the use of chemo- and radiotherapy. Results: Among the 410 patients included (median age, 68 years; range, 18-93; 53% males), 47 (11.5%) underwent palliative chemotherapy and 28 (6.8%) underwent radiotherapy in the last 30 days. Age <65 years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-2.88), performance status <3 (OR: 3.95; 95% CI: 1.56-5.07), and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR: 4.09, 95% CI: 2.66-5.34) were independently associated with the use of chemotherapy. Performance status <3 (OR: 4.06, 95% CI: 2.17-5.83) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR: 5.28, 95% CI: 3.77-7.21) were independently associated with the use of radiotherapy. Conclusion: The findings indicate that younger patients with a lower performance status who do not have complications are more likely to opt for chemo- or radiotherapy. Further, the use of palliative chemo- and radiotherapy should be considered carefully in terminally ill patients with cancer, as they seem to indicate a higher risk of cardiovascular complications requiring resuscitation.
Beneficial Effects of Magnesium Treatment on Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Ventricular Function in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Amoni Matthew , Kelly-Laubscher Roisin , Blackhurst Dee , Gwanyanya Asfree 
Published: June 2016

Background: Diabetes mellitus induces life-threatening cardiovascular complications such as cardiac autonomic neuropathy and ventricular dysfunction and is associated with hypomagnesemia. In this study, we investigated the short-term effects of magnesium (Mg2+) treatment on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiac complications. Methods: Adult Wistar rats were treated once with STZ (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [ip]) or vehicle (citrate) and then daily for 7 days with MgSO4 (270 mg/kg, ip) or saline. On the eighth day, in vivo tail-pulse plethysmography was recorded for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, and ex vivo Langendorff-based left ventricular (LV) pressure–volume parameters were measured using an intraventricular balloon. Measurements of plasma lipid and Mg2+ levels as well as blood glucose and cardiac tissue Mg2+ levels were also performed. Results: Treatment with Mg2+ prevented diabetes-induced alterations in the standard deviation of the averages of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (SDANN), root mean square differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD), heart rate, and low-frequency (LF) power–high-frequency (HF) power ratio. In addition, Mg2+ restored orthostatic stress-induced changes in SDANN, RMSSD, and LF–HF ratio in diabetic rats. In isolated hearts, Mg2+ reversed the diabetes-induced decrease in LV end-diastolic elastance and the right shift of end-diastolic equilibrium volume intercept, without altering LV-developed pressure or end-systolic elastance. However, Mg2+ did not prevent the elevation in blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides or the decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetes. Plasma- or cardiac tissue Mg2+ was not different among the treatment groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that Mg2+ treatment may attenuate diabetes-induced reduction in HRV and improve LV diastolic distensibility, without preventing hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Thus, Mg2+ may have a modulatory role in the early stages of diabetic cardiovascular complications.
“With an open heart we receive the children”: Caregivers' strategies for reaching and caring for street children in Kenya
Authors: Kaime-Atterhög Wanjiku , Persson Lars-Åke , Ahlberg Beth Maina 
Published: June 2016

Summary This article describes caregivers' strategies for reaching children on the streets and caring for them at institutions of care. Data was collected over a period of two years from 70 caregivers in 35 organisations in Nairobi, Nakuru and Muranga, identified by snowball sampling strategy. Data was collected using a semi-structured topic guide based on issues emerging from earlier studies with street boys. Direct observation, video recording and photography were used to study interactions between the children and their caregivers. Findings Two themes were developed: the “dedicated” caregiver confronting street realities, and making a difference despite the limitations. The way caregivers interacted with the children on the streets and in the institutions influenced the children's decision to leave the streets, to be initiated into residential care, and attend rehabilitation and reintegration programmes. Children were more positive to caregivers who took time to understand them and were soft in establishing rapport with them. Application The results suggest that caregivers' strategies are potential contributors to reversing trends in the street children phenomenon as they influence the children's decision to leave the streets and undergo rehabilitation at institutions of care. We thus recommend development of educational efforts focusing on helping caregivers develop healthy relationships and positive interactions with the children.
Percutaneous coronary intervention under temporary peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Chaara Jawad , Cikirikcioglu Mustafa , Roffi Marco 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We describe the case of a 68-year old female presenting with subacute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and severe depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (15%) in the presence of severe three-vessel coronary artery disease. The patient was haemodynamically stable. After heart team discussion, a percutaneous coronary intervention was performed under peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation without complications.
XLF deficiency results in reduced N-nucleotide addition during V(D)J recombination
Authors: IJspeert Hanna , Rozmus Jacob , Schwarz Klaus , Warren René L. , van Zessen David , Holt Robert A. , Pico-Knijnenburg Ingrid , Simons Erik , Jerchel Isabel , Wawer Angela , Lorenz Myriam , Patıroğlu Turkan , Akar Himmet Haluk , Leite Ricardo , Verkaik Nicole S. , Stubbs Andrew P. , van Gent Dik C. , van Dongen Jacques J. M. , van der Burg Mirjam 
Published: June 2016

Key PointsXLF belongs to the NHEJ ligation complex and has a dual role in DNA double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. XLF is involved in N-nucleotide addition, and thereby contributes to junctional diversity of the antigen receptors.
Deep phenotyping of Tregs identifies an immune signature for idiopathic aplastic anemia and predicts response to treatment
Authors: Kordasti Shahram , Costantini Benedetta , Seidl Thomas , Perez Abellan Pilar , Martinez Llordella Marc , McLornan Donal , Diggins Kirsten E. , Kulasekararaj Austin , Benfatto Cinzia , Feng Xingmin , Smith Alexander , Mian Syed A. , Melchiotti Rossella , de Rinaldis Emanuele , Ellis Richard , Petrov Nedyalko , Povoleri Giovanni A. M. , Chung Sun Sook , Thomas N. Shaun B. , Farzaneh Farzin , Irish Jonathan M. , Heck Susanne , Young Neal S. , Marsh Judith C. W. , Mufti Ghulam J. 
Published: June 2016

Key Points
Mass cytometry reveals a Treg immune signature for AA and for response to antithymocyte globulin. AA Tregs in vitro are expandable, stable, and functional, with potential for future therapeutic options.
Self-employment in an equilibrium model of the labor market
Authors: Bradley Jake 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSelf-employed workers account for between 8 and 30 % of participants in the labor markets of OECD countries (Blanchower, Self-employment: more may not be better, 2004). This paper develops and estimates a general equilibrium model of the labor market that accounts for this sizable proportion. The model incorporates self-employed workers, some of whom hire paid employees in the market. Employment rates and earnings distributions are determined endogenously and are estimated to match their empirical counterparts. The model is estimated using the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). The model is able to estimate nonpecuniary amenities associated with employment in different labor market states, accounting for both different employment dynamics within state and the misreporting of earnings by self-employed workers. Structural parameter estimates are then used to assess the impact of an increase in the generosity of unemployment benefits on the aggregate employment rate. Findings suggest that modeling the self-employed, some of whom hire paid employees implies that small increases in unemployment benefits leads to an expansion in aggregate employment.JEL ClassificationJ21, J24, J28, J64
The remittance behaviour of Kenyan sibling migrants
Authors: Jena Farai 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the remittance behaviour of multiple-sibling migrants and the motivations of Kenyan siblings in sending remittances to their household of origin. The presence of other siblings is found to decrease the probability of remitting but has no effect on the amount sent. The volume of remittances sent by other siblings is also found to have no statistically significant effect on the amount sent by a sibling. Thus, the evidence obtained offers some mild, though not unambiguous, support for sibling remittances being driven by altruistic as well as independent motives.JEL Classification:B21, D19, J69
Patient-Reported Burden of a Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET) Diagnosis: Results From the First Global Survey of Patients With NETs
Authors: Singh Simron , Granberg Dan , Wolin Edward , Warner Richard , Sissons Maia , Kolarova Teodora , Goldstein Grace , Pavel Marianne , Öberg Kjell , Leyden John 
Published: June 2016

Purpose Despite the considerable impact of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) on patients’ daily lives, the journey of the patient with a NET has rarely been documented, with published data to date being limited to small qualitative studies. NETs are heterogeneous malignancies with nonspecific symptomology, leading to extensive health care use and diagnostic delays that affect survival. A large, international patient survey was conducted to increase understanding of the experience of the patient with a NET and identify unmet needs, with the aim of improving disease awareness and care worldwide. Methods An anonymous, self-reported survey was conducted (online or on paper) from February to May 2014, recruiting patients with NETs from > 12 countries as a collaboration between the International Neuroendocrine Cancer Alliance and Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Survey questions captured information on sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, NET diagnostic experience, disease impact/management, interaction with medical teams, NET knowledge/awareness, and sources of information. This article reports the most relevant findings on patient experience with NETs and the impact of NETs on health care system resources. Results A total of 1,928 patients with NETs participated. A NET diagnosis had a substantially negative impact on patients’ personal and work lives. Patients reported delayed diagnosis and extensive NET-related health care resource use. Patients desired improvement in many aspects of NET care, including availability of a wider range of NET-specific treatment options, better access to NET experts or specialist centers, and a more knowledgeable, better-coordinated/-aligned NET medical team. Conclusion This global patient-reported survey demonstrates the considerable burden of NETs with regard to symptoms, work and daily life, and health care resource use, and highlights considerable unmet needs. Further intervention is required to improve the patient experience among those with NETs.
Perceptions and Barriers of Survivorship Care in Asia: Perceptions From Asian Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Chan Alexandre , Lum Zheng Kang , Ng Terence , Eyob Tewodros , Wang Xiao Jun , Chae Jung-woo , Dorajoo Sreemanee , Shwe Maung , Gan Yan Xiang , Fok Rose , Loh Kiley Wei-Jen , Tan Yee Pin , Fan Gilbert 
Published: June 2016

Purpose With the long-term goal to optimize post-treatment cancer care in Asia, we conducted a qualitative study to gather in-depth descriptions from multiethnic Asian breast cancer survivors on their perceptions and experiences of cancer survivorship and their perceived barriers to post-treatment follow-up. Methods Twenty-four breast cancer survivors in Singapore participated in six structured focus group discussions. The focus group discussions were voice recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed by thematic analysis. Results Breast cancer survivors were unfamiliar with and disliked the term “survivorship,” because it implies that survivors had undergone hardship during their treatment. Cognitive impairment and peripheral neuropathy were physical symptoms that bothered survivors the most, and many indicated that they experienced emotional distress during survivorship, for which they turned to religion and peers as coping strategies. Survivors indicated lack of consultation time and fear of unplanned hospitalization as main barriers to optimal survivorship care. Furthermore, survivors indicated that they preferred receipt of survivorship care at the specialty cancer center. Conclusion Budding survivorship programs in Asia must take survivor perspectives into consideration to ensure that survivorship care is fully optimized within the community.
Jim Crow Pragmatism: Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. and the Legal Logic of Race
Authors: Wells Hannah 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn The Common Law (1881), Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. wrote famously, “the life of the law has not been logic; it has been experience.” This essay turns to this seminal work of American legal pragmatism to reconsider the stakes of pragmatism for contemporary studies of race. After a framing discussion of Holmes’s debt to William James, it examines The Common Law as well as Holmes’s subsequent reading of the Fourteenth Amendment and the ways in which this reading replicates the Supreme Court’s reconstruction of racial citizenship from the end of Reconstruction to Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). The root of this shared logic is a pragmatist theory of personhood that, first elucidated in The Common Law, is itself a remnant of racial citizenship in the United States. Pragmatism’s failure to address practically the racial discord of its era, I argue, is inseparable from its conceptual failure to recognize the social histories of racialized bodies.
The Rho GTPase Rif signals through IRTKS, Eps8 and WAVE2 to generate dorsal membrane ruffles and filopodia
Authors: Sudhaharan Thankiah , Sem Kai Ping , Liew Hwi Fen , Yu Yuan Hong , Goh Wah Ing , Chou Ai Mei , Ahmed Sohail 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Rif induces dorsal filopodia but the signaling pathway responsible for this has not been identified. We show here that Rif interacts with the I-BAR family protein IRTKS (also known as BAIAP2L1) through its I-BAR domain. Rif also interacts with Pinkbar (also known as BAIAP2L2) in N1E-115 mouse neuroblastoma cells. IRTKS and Rif induce dorsal membrane ruffles and filopodia. Dominant-negative Rif inhibits the formation of IRTKS-induced morphological structures, and Rif activity is blocked in IRTKS-knockout (KO) cells. To further define the Rif–IRTKS signaling pathway, we identify Eps8 and WAVE2 (also known as WASF2) as IRTKS interactors. We find that Eps8 regulates the size and number of dorsal filopodia and membrane ruffles downstream of Rif–IRTKS signaling, whereas WAVE2 modulates dorsal membrane ruffling. Furthermore, our data suggests that Tir, a protein essential for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection, might compete for Rif for interaction with the I-BAR domain of IRTKS. Based on this evidence, we propose a model in which Rho family GTPases use the I-BAR proteins, IRSp53 (also known as BAIAP2), IRTKS and Pinkbar, as a central mechanism to modulate cell morphology.