bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensuring Resident Competence: A Narrative Review of the Literature on Group Decision Making to Inform the Work of Clinical Competency Committees
Authors: Hauer Karen E. , Cate Olle ten , Boscardin Christy K. , Iobst William , Holmboe Eric S. , Chesluk Benjamin , Baron Robert B. , O'Sullivan Patricia S. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT The expectation for graduate medical education programs to ensure that trainees are progressing toward competence for unsupervised practice prompted requirements for a committee to make decisions regarding residents' progress, termed a clinical competency committee (CCC). The literature on the composition of these committees and how they share information and render decisions can inform the work of CCCs by highlighting vulnerabilities and best practices.Background We conducted a narrative review of the literature on group decision making that can help characterize the work of CCCs, including how they are populated and how they use information.Objective English language studies of group decision making in medical education, psychology, and organizational behavior were used.Methods The results highlighted 2 major themes. Group member composition showcased the value placed on the complementarity of members' experience and lessons they had learned about performance review through their teaching and committee work. Group processes revealed strengths and limitations in groups' understanding of their work, leader role, and information-sharing procedures. Time pressure was a threat to the quality of group work.Results Implications of the findings include the risks for committees that arise with homogeneous membership, limitations to available resident performance information, and processes that arise through experience rather than deriving from a well-articulated purpose of their work. Recommendations are presented to maximize the effectiveness of CCC processes, including their membership and access to, and interpretation of, information to yield evidence-based, well-reasoned judgments.Conclusions
Teaching Health Center Graduate Medical Education Locations Predominantly Located in Federally Designated Underserved Areas
Authors: Barclift Songhai C. , Brown Elizabeth J. , Finnegan Sean C. , Cohen Elena R. , Klink Kathleen 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

The Teaching Health Center Graduate Medical Education (THCGME) program is an Affordable Care Act funding initiative designed to expand primary care residency training in community-based ambulatory settings. Statute suggests, but does not require, training in underserved settings. Residents who train in underserved settings are more likely to go on to practice in similar settings, and graduates more often than not practice near where they have trained.Background

The objective of this study was to describe and quantify federally designated clinical continuity training sites of the THCGME program.Objective

Geographic locations of the training sites were collected and characterized as Health Professional Shortage Area, Medically Underserved Area, Population, or rural areas, and were compared with the distribution of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)–funded training positions.Methods

More than half of the teaching health centers (57%) are located in states that are in the 4 quintiles with the lowest CMS-funded resident-to-population ratio. Of the 109 training sites identified, more than 70% are located in federally designated high-need areas.Results

The THCGME program is a model that funds residency training in community-based ambulatory settings. Statute suggests, but does not explicitly require, that training take place in underserved settings. Because the majority of the 109 clinical training sites of the 60 funded programs in 2014–2015 are located in federally designated underserved locations, the THCGME program deserves further study as a model to improve primary care distribution into high-need communities.Conclusions
A Survey to Evaluate the Awareness of Various Treatment Modalities to Replace Missing Teeth among Patients Visiting Kasturba Hospital, Manipal: A Prosthodontic Perspective
Authors: Teja SV Siva , Kumar Vishnu Ravi , George Vinu Thomas 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
The disabilities associated with oral health; like missing teeth, are many. The management of these disabilities is of utmost importance to any dental practitioner.

Materials and methods
This study was conducted at the outpatient department (OPD) of Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, located in Udupi district of South-West Karnataka, with a population of 11.7 lakh of whom 305 patients (146 females and 159 males) took part in the study to assess their awareness to various treatment options available to replace missing teeth.
The subjects filled out a close-ended questionnaire of 11 questions; clinical examination of the oral cavity then followed. They all had at least 1 missing tooth (3rd molars excluded). The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 2.0, with a Chi-square test significance level of p < 0.05.

Results
Of the 305 patients who participated, 69.2% of males and females wanted to get their teeth replaced.
The remaining 15.2% males and 12.6% females who did not want to get their teeth replaced stated that the lack of time prevented them from doing so. A total of 5% of females and a 1.4% of males said that previous traumatic dental experience prevented them from getting treatment.
Majority of both men and women were aware of the removable partial prosthesis as a treatment option (71.9% males and 74.9% females). A small portion of the study group, 21.9% males and 25.2% of females were aware of dental implants.
The most preferred treatment option, chosen by 53.5% females and 49.3% males was the fixed partial prosthesis (tooth supported).
These findings indicate that 56% of women were more inclined to avail treatment for missing teeth, and only 44% of men felt the need to avail treatment.
A total of 76.7% males and 76.1% females felt that their masticatory functions were affected.

Conclusion
The findings indicate that awareness regarding implants is lacking, and that motivation brought about by outreach programs has not yet reached most sections of the Indian society.

How to cite this article
Teja SVS, Kumar VR, George VT. A Survey to Evaluate the Awareness of Various Treatment Modalities to Replace Missing Teeth among Patients Visiting Kasturba Hospital, Manipal: A Prosthodontic Perspective. World J Dent 2015;6(4):217-221.
Articulators through the Years Revisited: From 1700 to 1900—Part I
Authors: Jain Ashish R 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Many articles in the dental literature pertaining to articulators deal with the theory and development of articulating instruments, directions for use, explanations of deficiencies and methods recommended for overcoming them, detailed mechanical interpretations of the instruments, and various systems of classification. There have been a series of articulators that have been introduced if we glance at the past; the numbers are many and the dentist becomes confused as to which one to choose. This article which will be published in four parts, provides a pictorial history of the articulators in the collection.

How to cite this article
Jain AR. Articulators through the Years Revisited: From 1700 to 1900—Part I. World J Dent 2015;6(4):222-225.
Assessment of Healing of a Large Radicular Cyst using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Two Years Follow-up
Authors: Kamath Abhay Taranath , Pai Swathi , Bhagania Manish , Saraswathi M Vidya 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Surgical enucleation of a radicular cyst is a common treatment in endodontics but the pretreatment planning and assessment of the post-treatment healing in the cystic cavity is of utmost importance. The advantage of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in endodontics is that it demonstrates anatomic features in three dimensions that is not possible with intraoral periapical (IOPA) and panoramic radiographic images. In this case report, a CBCT was done to evaluate the size and extent of the radicular cyst in the maxillary anterior region and was enucleated. Apicoectomy was done and the hollow cavity was filled with platelet rich fibrin. A postoperative CBCT was done 2 years later to assess the healing. Specific situations, both pre- and postoperatively, where the understanding of spatial relationships afforded by CBCT facilitates diagnosis, influences treatment and assess healing.

How to cite this article
Pai S, Kamath AT, Bhagania M, Shenoy N, Saraswathi MV. Assessment of Healing of a Large Radicular Cyst using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Two Years Follow-up. World J Dent 2016;7(1):47-50.
EFFECT OF LEWIS ACID/BASE ADDUCTS AS A SILANIZATION CATALYST IN RUBBER COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SILICA
Authors: Tanabe Yusuke , Miyoshi Koichiro , Kirino Yoshiaki 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Silica-filled rubber compositions with good physical properties after curing, like those containing mercaptosilane, often have problems with processability. So, balancing the curing properties and processability of the compositions to a high level is very important. Controlling the silanization process is considered to be one of the key factors in solving this problem. Therefore, this study has focused on the effective silanization by using Lewis acid/base adduct containing boron atoms as the silanization catalyst. Blending the catalyst, triphenylphosphine–triphenylborane complex (PB-complex) or pyridine–triphenylborane complex (NB-complex) into the rubber compositions has been found to improve the tan δ balance at high and low temperatures without impeding processability. This result indicates that effective silanization using catalysts is important to balance the properties before and after curing; and the PB- and NB-complex can act as an effective silanization catalyst even in the mixing process. The acceleration of silanization by using the catalysts has been confirmed by the results of model reactions between silica and silane coupling agents in the presence or absence of the PB-complex in organic solvent.
Big data: een zoektocht naar instituties
Authors: van der Voort Haiko , Crompvoets Joep 
Published: March 2016

Big data: a quest for institutions
Big data is a well-known phenomenon, even a buzzword nowadays. It refers to an abundance of data and new possibilities to process and use them. Big data is subject of many publications. Some pay attention to the many possibilities of big data, others warn us for their consequences. This special issue goes beyond the hype. It contains accessible contributions about opportunities and threats of big data. The authors have put special emphasize on big data institutions. Many publications about big data seem relatively poor on institutions, reflecting a more technocratic approach. In this first contribution we will introduce core concepts around big data. Additionally, we will specify the need to delve into institutions of big data.
Big data klaar voor gebruik?
Authors: Janssen Marijn , van der Voort Haiko 
Published: March 2016

Big data ready to use? The coordination of the data chain
In the sequence of creating, processing and use of data several actors are involved. They have different knowledge, skills, motives and interests. In this contribution big data is framed as a coordination effort in a chain. This perspective emphasizes the importance of transfers between actors. It emphasizes their difficulties too. Do actors mean the same? Do actors understand the same? Do actors want the same? To understand the value of data, the entire process from data creation to use need to be considered. This process may entirely take place within an organization. More often parts of the process are outside the organization. The challenge for governments that use big data for their decisions, is managing the quality of data and the chain that process them.
Big data governance; een analytisch kader
Authors: Broucker Bruno 
Published: March 2016

Big data governance; an analytical framework
Big data has been adhered many potential benefits for the public sector. It could contribute to performance increase and to a better service delivery in many policy domains, across multiple public sector organisations and administrative levels. Within this debate the question of governance is blatantly absent, though crucial to address. To properly use big data in the public sector it will be necessary to integrate big data governance on three interconnected levels: micro, meso and macro-level, respectively referring to the proficient use of big data, its integrated use within an organisational context and the use of big data within the larger public sector for the benefit of public service delivery.
De voorspellende overheid
Authors: Leenes Ronald 
Published: March 2016

The predicting government. Transparency is necessary, but how?
Public administrations have always dealt with large volumes of data. They are now increasingly adopting sophisticated big data technologies to further leverage the data. Data provided by citizens, observed by sensors, deduced and inferred from diverse data sets are being used for decision making and making (pre-emptive) predictions about the behaviour of citizens and groups of citizens. The data and algorithms are not neutral nor flawless, but contain biases and may induce harms to individuals, such as discrimination, loss of autonomy, infringing their privacy. Big data decision making systems are usually opaque. Providing transparency about input, process, and even outcomes may be difficult due to the complexity inherent to the technology and even undesirable because it could affect the effectiveness of the system. This lack of transparency is at odds with the Rule of Law, which requires transparency and accountability of government action. What transparency should entail in the context of predictive analytics, however, is unclear. This short article points out some of the issues at stake.
‘Wat hebben wij aan u?’
Authors: van der Steen Martijn 
Published: March 2016

How can you help me? What scholars and practitioners of public administration say about their field
The field of public administration research is continuously changing. This article takes stock of the field by asking four open questions to a large group of public administration practitioners and scholars. The questions prompt a debate about the state of play of the field of public administration in The Netherlands. Several dilemmas become apparent. Firstly, there is the tension between rigor and relevance of research. More rigorous methodology should not come at the expense of relevance in practice. Moreover, pressure to publish in international academic journals draws scholars away from the more practical outlets for research findings. Ever more is ‘written’, but less of that reaches the more practical audiences. This is congruent with the impression that public administration scholars should invest more in their narratives, so that the important message of public administration research reaches wider audiences and helps to reflect on pressing societal issues. Furthermore, there is a need for public administration scholars to be more active in helping practitioners solve the complex policy puzzles they face. This requires the ability to walk the fine line between keeping distance and becoming genuinely involved in policy processes. All of these factors can help the field of public administration take next steps in its development, to regain the connection with practice and raise its academic standards.
Een dubbele kijk op co-creatie
Authors: de Bakker Erik , Dagevos Hans 
Published: March 2016

A dual vision on co-creation
This essay review discusses three publications on co-creation: ‘We, the government’ by Davied van Berlo (2012), ‘Co-creation of innovation’ by Corry Ehlen (2015), and ‘New Business Models’ by Jan Jonker et al. (2014). The theme of this essay is the specific character of co-creation compared to other buzzwords (e.g. participation, co-production, social responsibility) that can be heard in the search for a new balance between the state and civil society. We suggest that the distinctive character of co-creation lies in the active engagement of parties who work together to co-create. Co-creation means raising the bar of collaboration and dialogue. Openness, trust, equality and reciprocity are emphasised as essential elements in the process. It is literally about collectively creating multiple values in which there should be plenty of room for creativity and sharing ideas. Following on the publications of Ehlen and Jonker a dual vision on co-creation arises. In general terms, the potential of co-creation depends on the know-how, commitment and values of the actors involved (microscopic perspective) and on the social capital in the wider environment that they can draw upon to bolster the co-creation process (macroscopic perspective).
Analysemethoden en technieken voor criminologisch onderzoek
Authors: Bijleveld C.C.J.H. 
Published: March 2016

Analytical methods en technics for criminological research. Old trends and new developments
This article describes the developments in the use of analytical methods and technics for criminological research in the Netherlands since the beginning of the eighties. The author focuses on quantitative research methods. While classical multivariate technics like (M)AN(C)OVA, canonic correlation analysis and LISREL were dominant until the beginning of the new century, new multivariate analytical methods appeared from 2005 onwards. Especially the analysis of life course trajectories of criminal offenders caught on. The author also discusses various methods to measure the size of crime, like randomized response and capture-recapture, as well as methods identifying the causes of crime. In this latter field the use of fixed-effects methods and the propensity score matching technic has expanded considerably in the last couple of years. When it comes to explaining why people commit crime, quantitative methods do not suffice. The author argues that thorough quantitative methods can reveal the context in which criminal acts occur. The wider use of so-called mixed methods (quantitative as well as qualitative) could contribute to a deeper understanding of crime and stimulate theoretical development. In doing so these methods contribute considerably to understanding why people commit crime.
Determination of Protein Content by NIR Spectroscopy in Protein Powder Mix Products
Authors: Ingle Prashant D , Christian Roney , Purohit Piyush , Zarraga Veronica , Handley Erica , Freel Keith , Abdo Saleem 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Protein is a principal component in commonly used dietary supplements and health food products. The analysis of these products, within the consumer package form, is of critical importance for the purpose of ensuring quality and supporting label claims. A rapid test method was developed using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a compliment to current protein determination by the Dumas combustion method. The NIR method was found to be a rapid, low-cost, and green (no use of chemicals and reagents) complimentary technique. The protein powder samples analyzed in this study were in the range of 22–90% protein. The samples were prepared as mixtures of soy protein, whey protein, and silicon dioxide ingredients, which are common in commercially sold protein powder drink-mix products in the market. A NIR regression model was developed with 17 samples within the constituent range and was validated with 20 independent samples of known protein levels (85–88%). The results show that the NIR method is capable of predicting the protein content with a bias of ±2% and a maximum bias of 3% between NIR and the external Dumas method.
Direct UV Spectrophotometry and HPLC Determination of Triton X-100 in Split Virus Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Pavlović Bojana , Cvijetić Nataša , Dragačević Luka , Ivković Branka , Vujić Zorica , Kuntić Vesna 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
One of the most commonly used surfactants in the production of split virus influenza vaccine is nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. After splitting of the virus is accomplished, Triton X-100 is removed from the vaccine by subsequent production steps. Because of toxicity of Triton X-100, which remains in the vaccine in residual amounts, a sufficiently sensitive method for its detection and quantification needs to be defined. Two methods for determination of Triton X-100 residuals were developed: the UV-spectrophotometry and HPLC methods. For both methods, preparation of vaccine samples and removal of proteins and virus particles were crucial: samples were treated with methanol (1:1) and then centrifuged at 25 000 × g for 30 min. After such treatment, the majority of vaccine components that interfered in the UV region were removed, and diluted samples could be directly measured. The chromatographic system included C18 column, step methanol gradient, and detection at 225 nm with a single peak of Triton X-100 at 12.6 min. Both methods were validated and gave satisfactory results for accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, and robustness. LOQ was slightly lower for the HPLC method. Hence, it was shown that both methods are suitable for analysis of residual amounts of Triton X-100, with the advantages of the UV method being its simplicity and availability in most laboratories.
Measurement of β-Glucan in Mushrooms and Mycelial Products
Authors: McCleary Barry V , Draga Anna 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A robust and reliable method has been developed for the measurement of β-glucan in mushroom and mycelial products. Total glucan (plus free glucose and glucose from sucrose) was measured using controlled acid hydrolysis with H2SO4 and the glucose released specifically was measured using glucose oxidase/peroxidase reagent. α-Glucan (starch/glycogen) plus free glucose and glucose from sucrose were specifically measured after hydrolysis of starch/glycogen to glucose with glucoamylase and sucrose to glucose plus fructose with invertase and the glucose specifically measured with GOPOD reagent. β-Glucan was determined by the difference. Several acid and enzyme-based methods for the hydrolysis of the β-glucan were compared, and the best option was the method using H2SO4. For most samples, similar β-glucan values were obtained with both the optimized HCl and H2SO4 procedures. However, in the case of certain samples, specifically Ganoderma lucidum and Poria cocus, the H2SO4 procedure resulted in significantly higher values. Hydrolysis with 2 N trifluoroacetic acid at 120°C was found to be much less effective than either of the other two acids evaluated. Assays based totally on enzymatic hydrolysis, in general, yielded much lower values than those obtained with the H2SO4 procedure.