bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of high quality carbonaceous coating on Cu nanoparticle using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and its application for oxidation prevention
Authors: Pyo Youngjun , Choi Dahyun , Son Yeon-Ho , Kang Suhee , Yoon Eric H. , Jung Seung-Boo , Kim Yongil , Lee Caroline Sunyong 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A novel method of carbonaceous coating on the surface of copper particles was developed through a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to prevent the oxidation of copper nanoparticles (CNPs). The types of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) used were K-12 (M
W 3,500) and K-30 (M
W 45,000). The amounts of PVP used ranged from 10 to 50 wt %. Additionally, processing temperatures of 900 and 875 °C were tested and compared. The optimum CVD process conditions for the carbonaceous coating were as follows: 875 °C processing temperature, 50 wt % K12 PVP solution, and gas conditions of

. The resistivity change in the fabricated copper pattern was confirmed that the initial resistivity value of the ink with a mixing ratio of carbonaceous-coated CNPs to 1-octanethiol-coated CNPs of

(w/w) maintained its initial resistivity value of 2.93 × 10−7 Ω·m for more than 210 days.
Electron and hole accumulations at GaN/AlInN/GaN interfaces and conductive n-type AlInN/GaN distributed Bragg reflectors
Authors: Yoshida Shotaro , Ikeyama Kazuki , Yasuda Toshiki , Furuta Takashi , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Iwaya Motoaki , Kamiyama Satoshi , Akasaki Isamu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We investigated electron and hole accumulations at GaN/AlInN/GaN interfaces by Hall effect measurement. The InN mole fraction and temperature dependences on the sheet carrier densities at the interfaces reveal that electrons and holes were induced by large positive and negative polarization charges to satisfy the charge neutrality conditions, respectively. On the basis of the above results, we then designed and demonstrated a low-resistity 10-pair Si-doped n-type AlInN/GaN distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) by using high Si doped and graded layers at the GaN/AlInN interfaces. The low-resistity n-type AlInN/GaN DBR will reduce the resistance and the internal loss in blue vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers.
Comparison of the Effect of Maternal Rest in Alternative Lateral Decubitus Positions on the Amniotic Fluid Index
Authors: Ülker Kahraman , Çiçek Melek 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo analyze the effect of maternal rest in the left and right lateral decubitus positions and resting alone on the amniotic fluid index (AFI).MethodSixty‐nine women with singleton pregnancies and an AFI of 6 to 24 cm at 36 to 40 weeks' gestation were included in this randomized controlled trial. The women were randomized into 2 intervention groups. After initial AFI measurements, group 1 (n = 35) rested in the left lateral position for 15 minutes and then rested in the right lateral position for another 15 minutes. Group 2 (n = 34) rested in the right lateral position for 15 minutes and then rested in the left lateral position for another 15 minutes. To compare differences between groups, AFIs were measured at the end of each 15‐minute period while the participants were kept on their backs in a semirecumbent position.ResultsThe demographic data, gestational ages, and initial AFI values did not differ between groups (P > .05). In group 1, the initial mean AFI ± SD of 12.25 ± 3.81 increased significantly during the first 15 minutes to 15.17 ± 4.27 and decreased significantly during the second 15 minutes to 13.30 ± 4.29 (P< .001); however, the 30‐minute AFI was still significantly higher than the initial value (P = .008). In group 2, the initial AFI change during the first 15 minutes, from 12.83 ± 3.99 to 12.72 ± 3.87, was not significant (P> .05); however, it increased significantly to 15.63 ± 4.14 during the second 15 minutes (P< .001). The 30‐minute AFI was still significantly higher than the initial value (P< .001).ConclusionsMaternal rest in the right lateral decubitus position does not seem to either increase or decrease the AFI, and resting alone does not increase the AFI in the short term.
Factors Influencing the Outcome of Ultrasound‐Guided Fine‐Needle Aspiration for Salivary Gland Lesion Diagnosis
Authors: Kim Min Woo , Kim Dong Wook , Jung Hyun Seok , Choo Hye Jung , Park Young Mi , Jung Soo Jin , Baek Hye Jin 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess multiple factors influencing the outcomes of ultrasound (US)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of salivary gland lesions.MethodsFrom 2008 to 2013, a single radiologist performed US‐guided FNA of salivary gland lesions in 243 patients. With the exclusion of pure cysts, poor image quality, and insufficient static image cases, 218 salivary gland lesions in 218 patients were included. The composition, size, location, and vascularity of the lesions were retrospectively investigated on the basis of sonographic findings by the same radiologist. The relationship between sampling adequacy and multiple factors was compared, and the diagnostic accuracy of US‐guided FNA of salivary gland lesions was calculated by using the final diagnosis as a reference standard.ResultsThe sampling adequacy rate for US‐guided FNA of the 218 salivary gland lesions was 96.8% (211 of 218). A significant difference was observed in the composition and vascularity of the lesions (P < .0001), whereas there was no significant difference in the patient age and sex, lesion size, lesion location, and needle size. The rate of inadequate sampling increased in predominantly cystic lesions compared with solid lesions as well as in low‐vascularity lesions compared with high‐vascularity lesions. Of the 218 lesions, 178 (81.7%) were ultimately diagnosed, and most were benign (162 of 178 [91.0%]). When 3 cases with indeterminate cytologic results were excluded, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of US‐guided FNA of salivary gland lesions were 64.3%, 98.8%, 81.8%, 97.0%, and 96.0%, respectively.ConclusionsWhen using US‐guided FNA to diagnose salivary gland lesions, sampling adequacy depends on the composition or vascularity of the lesions.
Simulation of East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) in SP‐CCSM4: Part I—Seasonal mean state and intraseasonal variability
Authors: Jin Yan , Stan Cristiana 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe mean state and intraseasonal variability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) simulated by the Super‐Parameterized Community Climate System Model version 4 (SP‐CCSM4) and the conventionally parameterized CCSM4 are evaluated against observations. The SP‐CCSM4 model has a better simulation of the May‐June‐July‐August seasonal mean state of EASM than CCSM4, although it produces a dry bias over the EASM area compared to observations. The dry bias in SP‐CCSM4 is associated with the erroneous northward displacement of the western North Pacific subtropical high. The SP‐CCSM4 model simulates the reasonable monsoon onset and northward propagation of the monsoonal precipitation, yet the rainband marches faster and reaches to a higher latitude than in observations. The mechanisms associated with the northward propagation of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) of EASM are also captured by SP‐CCSM4. The cyclonic vorticity and the moisture convergence lead the convective activity, favoring the northward propagation of convection. The easterly wind shear and air‐sea interaction mechanisms in the model are realistic and show contributions to the northward propagation of the ISO of the model. The SP‐CCSM4 model captures many facets of the stepwise northward propagation of the precipitation belt in the EASM region, including the Mei‐yu season. However, compared to the observations, in the model the onset of the Mei‐yu season takes place 5 days earlier and the duration of the Mei‐yu's rainy episode is shorter. The CCSM4 model has large deficiencies in simulating the intraseasonal variability of EASM.
Evaluation of simulated photolysis rates and their response to solar irradiance variability
Authors: Sukhodolov Timofei , Rozanov Eugene , Ball William T. , Bais Alkiviadis , Tourpali Kleareti , Shapiro Alexander I. , Telford Paul , Smyshlyaev Sergey , Fomin Boris , Sander Rolf , Bossay Sébastien , Bekki Slimane , Marchand Marion , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Dhomse Sandip , Haigh Joanna D. , Peter Thomas , Schmutz Werner 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe state of the stratospheric ozone layer and the temperature structure of the atmosphere are largely controlled by the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) through its influence on heating and photolysis rates. This study focuses on the uncertainties in the photolysis rate response to solar irradiance variability related to the choice of SSI data set and to the performance of the photolysis codes used in global chemistry‐climate models. To estimate the impact of SSI uncertainties, we compared several photolysis rates calculated with the radiative transfer model libRadtran, using SSI calculated with two models and observed during the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite mission. The importance of the calculated differences in the photolysis rate response for ozone and temperature changes has been estimated using 1‐D a radiative‐convective‐photochemical model. We demonstrate that the main photolysis reactions, responsible for the solar signal in the stratosphere, are highly sensitive to the spectral distribution of SSI variations. Accordingly, the ozone changes and related ozone‐temperature feedback are shown to depend substantially on the SSI data set being used, which highlights the necessity of obtaining accurate SSI variations. To evaluate the performance of photolysis codes, we compared the results of eight, widely used, photolysis codes against two reference schemes. We show that, in most cases, absolute values of the photolysis rates and their response to applied SSI changes agree within 30%. However, larger errors may appear in specific atmospheric regions because of differences, for instance, in the treatment of Rayleigh scattering, quantum yields, or absorption cross sections.
Characterizing the onset and demise of the Indian summer monsoon
Authors: Noska Ryne , Misra Vasubandhu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAn objective index of the onset and demise of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is introduced. This index has the advantage of simplicity by using only one variable, which is the spatially averaged all‐India rainfall, a reliably observed quantity for more than a century. The proposed onset index is shown to be insensitive to all historic false onsets. By definition, now the seasonal mean rainfall anomalies become a function of variations in onset and demise dates, rendering their monitoring to be very meaningful. This new index provides a comprehensive representation of the seasonal evolution of the ISM by capturing the corresponding changes in large‐scale dynamic and thermodynamic variables. We also show that the interannual variability of the onset date of the ISM is associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with early (late) onsets preceded by cold (warm) ENSO.
The spectroscopic foundation of radiative forcing of climate by carbon dioxide
Authors: Mlynczak Martin G. , Daniels Taumi S. , Kratz David P. , Feldman Daniel R. , Collins William D. , Mlawer Eli J. , Alvarado Matthew J. , Lawler James E. , Anderson L. W. , Fahey David W. , Hunt Linda A. , Mast Jeffrey C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe radiative forcing (RF) of carbon dioxide (CO2) is the leading contribution to climate change from anthropogenic activities. Calculating CO2 RF requires detailed knowledge of spectral line parameters for thousands of infrared absorption lines. A reliable spectroscopic characterization of CO2 forcing is critical to scientific and policy assessments of present climate and climate change. Our results show that CO2 RF in a variety of atmospheres is remarkably insensitive to known uncertainties in the three main CO2 spectroscopic parameters: the line shapes, line strengths, and half widths. We specifically examine uncertainty in RF due to line mixing as this process is critical in determining line shapes in the far wings of CO2 absorption lines. RF computed with a Voigt line shape is also examined. Overall, the spectroscopic uncertainty in present‐day CO2 RF is less than 1%, indicating a robust foundation in our understanding of how rising CO2 warms the climate system.
Size‐Controlled Formation of Noble‐Metal Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution with a Thiol‐Free Tripeptide
Authors: Corra Stefano , Lewandowska Urszula , Benetti Edmondo M. , Wennemers Helma 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA combinatorial screening revealed the peptide H‐His‐d‐Leu‐d‐Asp‐NH2 (1) as an additive for the generation of monodisperse, water‐soluble palladium nanoparticles with average diameters of 3 nm and stabilities of over 9 months. The tripeptide proved to be also applicable for the size‐controlled formation of other noble‐metal nanoparticles (Pt and Au). Studies with close analogues of peptide 1 revealed a specific role of each of the three amino acids for the formation and stabilization of the nanoparticles. These data combined with microscopic and spectroscopic analyses provided insight into the structure of the self‐assembled peptidic monolayer around the metal core. The results open interesting prospects for the development of functionalized metal nanoparticles.
Fine Tuning of Chlorophyll Spectra by Protein‐Induced Ring Deformation
Authors: Bednarczyk Dominika , Dym Orly , Prabahar Vadivel , Peleg Yoav , Pike Douglas H. , Noy Dror 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe ability to tune the light‐absorption properties of chlorophylls by their protein environment is the key to the robustness and high efficiency of photosynthetic light‐harvesting proteins. Unfortunately, the intricacy of the natural complexes makes it very difficult to identify and isolate specific protein–pigment interactions that underlie the spectral‐tuning mechanisms. Herein we identify and demonstrate the tuning mechanism of chlorophyll spectra in type II water‐soluble chlorophyll binding proteins from Brassicaceae (WSCPs). By comparing the molecular structures of two natural WSCPs we correlate a shift in the chlorophyll red absorption band with deformation of its tetrapyrrole macrocycle that is induced by changing the position of a nearby tryptophan residue. We show by a set of reciprocal point mutations that this change accounts for up to 2/3 of the observed spectral shift between the two natural variants.
Self‐Assembly of Multi‐nanozymes to Mimic an Intracellular Antioxidant Defense System
Authors: Huang Yanyan , Liu Zhen , Liu Chaoqun , Ju Enguo , Zhang Yan , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this work, for the first time, we constructed a novel multi‐nanozymes cooperative platform to mimic intracellular antioxidant enzyme‐based defense system. V2O5 nanowire served as a glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mimic while MnO2 nanoparticle was used to mimic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Dopamine was used as a linker to achieve the assembling of the nanomaterials. The obtained V2O5@pDA@MnO2 nanocomposite could serve as one multi‐nanozyme model to mimic intracellular antioxidant enzyme‐based defense procedure in which, for example SOD, CAT, and GPx co‐participate. In addition, through assembling with dopamine, the hybrid nanocomposites provided synergistic antioxidative effect. Importantly, both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that our biocompatible system exhibited excellent intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) removal ability to protect cell components against oxidative stress, showing its potential application in inflammation therapy.
Controllable Hydrocarbon Formation from the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 over Cu Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Ma Ming , Djanashvili Kristina , Smith Wilson A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this work, the effect of Cu nanowire morphology on the selective electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 is presented. Cu nanowire arrays were prepared through a two‐step synthesis of Cu(OH)2 and CuO nanowire arrays on Cu foil substrates and a subsequent electrochemical reduction of the CuO nanowire arrays to Cu nanowire arrays. By this simple synthesis method, Cu nanowire array electrodes with different length and density were able to be controllably synthesized. We show that the selectivity for hydrocarbons (ethylene, n‐propanol, ethane, and ethanol) on Cu nanowire array electrodes at a fixed potential can be tuned by systematically altering the Cu nanowire length and density. The nanowire morphology effect is linked to the increased local pH in the Cu nanowire arrays and a reaction scheme detailing the local pH‐induced formation of C2 products is also presented by a preferred CO dimerization pathway.
Temporäre Bildung eines Cyclopropyl‐Oxocarbeniumions ermöglicht eine außerordentlich diastereoselektive Cycloaddition von Donor‐Akzeptor‐Cyclopropanen
Authors: Sabbatani Juliette , Maulide Nuno 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEine neue formale [3+2]‐Cycloaddition von Cyclopropylacetalen und Aldehyden wurde entwickelt, in welcher die resultierenden drei Stereozentren der dreifach substituierten Tetrahydrofurane in hoch diastereoselektiver Weise gebildet werden. Die hier beschriebene Methode ist stereokomplementär zu den meisten bereits bekannten Cycloadditionen von Malonat‐Diestern, beruht auf der kurzzeitigen Generierung eines Cyclopropyl‐Oxocarbeniumions, verläuft unter milden Bedingungen und basiert auf dem Konzept der temporären Aktivierung einer ansonsten inerten Schutzgruppe.
Unerwartete Reaktivität von [(η5‐1,2,4‐tBu3C5H2)Ni(η3‐P3)] gegenüber Hauptgruppen‐Nucleophilen und durch Reduktion
Authors: Mädl Eric , Balázs Gábor , Peresypkina Eugenia V. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Reduktion von [Cp′′′Ni(η3‐P3)] (1; Cp′′′=η5‐1,2,4‐tBu3C5H2) mit Kalium ergibt das Komplexanion [(Cp′′′Ni)2(μ,η2:2‐P8)]2−(2), das eine Realgar‐ähnliche P8‐ Einheit enthält. Wenn1mit NaNH2als Nucleophil reagiert, wird der anionische Tripeldecker‐Sandwichkomplex [(Cp′′′Ni)2(μ,η3:3‐P3)]−(3) mit einem cyclo‐P3‐Mitteldeck erhalten. Na[3] kann anschließend mit AgOTf zum neutralen Tripeldecker‐Komplex [(Cp′′′Ni)2(μ,η3:3‐P3)] (4) oxidiert werden. Im Unterschied dazu reagiert1mit LiPPh2zur anionischen Verbindung [(Cp′′′Ni)2(μ,η2:2‐P6PPh2)]−(5), einem Komplex, der ein bicyclisches P7‐Fragment enthält, welches durch zwei Cp′′′Ni‐Einheiten überdacht wird. Die Protonierung von Li[5] mit HBF4führt zum neutralen Komplex [(Cp′′′Ni)2(μ,η2:2‐(HP6PPh2)] (6). Durch Zugabe von LiNMe2zu1wird [Cp′′′Ni(η2‐P3NMe2)]−(7) zugänglich, ein Komplex, der sich infolge des nucleophilen Angriffs an den cyclo‐P3‐Ring von1bildet. Die Komplexe K2[2], Na[3],4,6und Li[7] wurden vollständig charakterisiert.
Photoassisted Synthesis of Complex Molecular Architectures: Dearomatization of Benzenoid Arenes with Aza‐o‐xylylenes via an Unprecedented [2+4] Reaction Topology
Authors: Kuznetsov Dmitry M. , Mukhina Olga A. , Kutateladze Andrei G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA new method was developed for the photoinduced dearomatization of arenes through an intramolecular cycloaddition with aza‐o‐xylylenes generated by excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in the readily available photoprecursors. The [2+4] topology of this cycloaddition is unprecedented for photo‐dearomatizations of benzenoid aromatic carbocycles. It provides rapid access to novel heterocycles, cyclohexadieno‐oxazolidino‐quinolinols, as valuable synthons for a broad range of post‐photochemical transformations.
Dual‐Doped Molybdenum Trioxide Nanowires: A Bifunctional Anode for Fiber‐Shaped Asymmetric Supercapacitors and Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Yu Minghao , Cheng Xinyu , Zeng Yinxiang , Wang Zilong , Tong Yexiang , Lu Xihong , Yang Shihe 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA novel in situ N and low‐valence‐state Mo dual doping strategy was employed to significantly improve the conductivity, active‐site accessibility, and electrochemical stability of MoO3, drastically boosting its electrochemical properties. Consequently, our optimized N‐MoO3−x nanowires exhibited exceptional performances as a bifunctional anode material for both fiber‐shaped asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) and microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The flexible fiber‐shaped ASC and MFC device based on the N‐MoO3−x anode could deliver an unprecedentedly high energy density of 2.29 mWh cm−3 and a remarkable power density of 0.76 μW cm−1, respectively. Such a bifunctional fiber‐shaped N‐MoO3−x electrode opens the way to integrate the electricity generation and storage for self‐powered sources.
Molybdenum–Bismuth Bimetallic Chalcogenide Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol
Authors: Sun Xiaofu , Zhu Qinggong , Kang Xinchen , Liu Huizhen , Qian Qingli , Zhang Zhaofu , Han Buxing 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMethanol is a very useful platform molecule and liquid fuel. Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol is a promising route, which currently suffers from low efficiency and poor selectivity. Herein we report the first work to use a Mo‐Bi bimetallic chalcogenide (BMC) as an electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction. By using the Mo‐Bi BMC on carbon paper as the electrode and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate in MeCN as the electrolyte, the Faradaic efficiency of methanol could reach 71.2 % with a current density of 12.1 mA cm−2, which is much higher than the best result reported to date. The superior performance of the electrode resulted from the excellent synergistic effect of Mo and Bi for producing methanol. The reaction mechanism was proposed and the reason for the synergistic effect of Mo and Bi was discussed on the basis of some control experiments. This work opens a way to produce methanol efficiently by electrochemical reduction of CO2.
Defect‐Controlled Formation of Triclinic Na2CoP2O7 for 4 V Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Heejin , Park Chan Sun , Choi Jang Wook , Jung Yousung 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSimple defects such as sodium deficiencies can induce the selective synthesis of triclinic Na2CoP2O7, providing an increase in energy density of more than 40 % compared to the stoichiometric polymorph that is preferentially formed under the commonly used synthesis conditions. Such a significant improvement, which was achieved just by changing the crystal structure, suggests that controlling the polymorphism could be an effective and facile method for developing high‐performance electrode materials and that defects can play a remarkable role in this process.
Temporary Generation of a Cyclopropyl Oxocarbenium Ion Enables Highly Diastereoselective Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropane Cycloaddition
Authors: Sabbatani Juliette , Maulide Nuno 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA novel formal [3+2] cycloaddition of cyclopropylacetals and aldehydes was developed, and the resulting trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans display three new chiral centers formed with highly diastereoselectivity. This method is stereocomplementary to most previously reported cycloadditions of malonate diesters, relies on the transient generation of cyclopropyl oxocarbenium ions, proceeds under mild conditions, and is based on the concept of temporary activation of an otherwise inert protecting group.