bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do firms adjust production factors to the cycle?
Authors: Cette Gilbert , Lecat Rémy , Ahmed Jiddou Ahmed Ould 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper studies the adjustment of production factors to the cycle taking into account factor utilization in multiple dimensions (labor working time, capital operating time and capital capacity utilization) and examines the impact of obstacles to increasing capital operating time on this adjustment path. Factor utilization adjusts the most rapidly, first through capital capacity utilization and capital operating time and then labor working time. The adjustment is slow for the number of employees and even slower for the capital stock. Obstacles to increasing capital operating time lead to a slower adjustment of capital operating time, offset by a stronger adjustment of capacity utilization.
Pot, atom and step-economic (PASE) synthesis of medicinally relevant spiro[oxindole-3,4′-pyrano[4,3-b]pyran] scaffold
Authors: Elinson Michail N. , Ryzhkov Fedor V. , Korolev Victor A. , Egorov Mikhail P. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Fast (3 min) pot, atom and step economics (PASE) potassium fluoride catalyzed multicomponent reaction of isatins, malononitrile and 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one results in efficient formation of substituted spirooxindole-3,4′-pyrano[4,3-b]pyrans in 92–96% yields. The developed ‘on-solvent’ approach to the substituted spirooxindole-3,4′-pyrano[4,3-b]pyrans – the pharmacologically perspective substances with known antiviral, antileishmanial, anticonvulsant and anti-HIV activities – is beneficial from the viewpoint of diversity-oriented large-scale processes and represents fast and environmentally benign synthetic concept for the multicomponent reactions strategy.
Characterization of dissolving pulp by fibre swelling in dilute cupriethylenediamine (CUEN) solution in a MorFi analyser
Authors: Arnoul-Jarriault Benoît , Passas Raphaël , Lachenal Dominique , Chirat Christine 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe swelling of dissolving pulps has been investigated by a new method based on the MorfiRanalyser, which is measuring the width variation of thousands of fibres in a cupriethylenediamine (CUEN) solution in a few minutes. Pulps from various origins were analysed coming from softwood, birch wood, eucalyptus wood, kraft pulps, sulphite pulps and ECF and TCF bleached pulps, which were modified by several treatments including chemical (cold caustic extraction, hypochlorite) or enzymatic (cellulase) methods. The swelling was much affected by the crystalline form of cellulose and the hemicellulose content but did not depend neither on the cellulose DP nor on the fibre structure (hardwood vs. softwood). The dissolving pulp reactivity in the viscose process was also assessed by swelling in dilute solutions of cupriethylenediamine (CUEN) instead of the Fock’s method.
Physico-chemical Characterization of Turbidity-Causing Particles in Beet Sugar Solutions
Authors: Abdel-Rahman El-Sayed , Floeter Eckhard 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The occurrence of turbidity is a frequently observed phenomenon in beet sugar manufacturing, particularly in thick juice. The presence of small dispersed turbidity-causing particles can have a direct impact on the consumer’s perceivable quality of white sugar containing products. Therefore, this work aims to characterize those turbidity-causing particles and elucidate the mechanism of their formation. Samples from various European beet sugar plants were collected during different sugar production periods. The turbidity of white sugar is found to be mainly related to small calcium oxalate particles (0.45–1 µm). Their occurrence is obviously related to the presence of calcium and oxalate. However, the analysis presented documents that beyond the levels of these ions, other factors like storage time, the change of environment due to microbiological processes as well as simple processing steps have a profound effect on turbidity levels. The results confirm that also at an industrial scale calcium oxalate dihydrate precipitates from concentrated sucrose solutions despite the fact that calcium oxalate monohydrate is the most stable form. In summary our analysis of turbidity at an industrial scale marks a starting point for any further turbidity reduction approach.
Development, Calibration and Evaluation of a Portable and Direct Georeferenced Laser Scanning System for Kinematic 3D Mapping
Authors: Heinz Erik , Eling Christian , Wieland Markus , Klingbeil Lasse , Kuhlmann Heiner 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn recent years, kinematic laser scanning has become increasingly popular because it offers many benefits compared to static laser scanning. The advantages include both saving of time in the georeferencing and a more favorable scanning geometry. Often mobile laser scanning systems are installed on wheeled platforms, which may not reach all parts of the object. Hence, there is an interest in the development of portable systems, which remain operational even in inaccessible areas. The development of such a portable laser scanning system is presented in this paper. It consists of a lightweight direct georeferencing unit for the position and attitude determination and a small low-cost 2D laser scanner. This setup provides advantages over existing portable systems that employ heavy and expensive 3D laser scanners in a profiling mode.A special emphasis is placed on the system calibration, i. e. the determination of the transformation between the coordinate frames of the direct georeferencing unit and the 2D laser scanner. To this end, a calibration field is used, which consists of differently orientated georeferenced planar surfaces, leading to estimates for the lever arms and boresight angles with an accuracy of mm and one-tenth of a degree. Finally, point clouds of the mobile laser scanning system are compared with georeferenced point clouds of a high-precision 3D laser scanner. Accordingly, the accuracy of the system is in the order of cm to dm. This is in good agreement with the expected accuracy, which has been derived from the error propagation of previously estimated variance components.
Financial Hedging the Risk of Hurricanes
Authors: Cui Yuepeng , Ewing Bradley , Liang Daan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEach year, hurricanes cause massive amounts of damage around the world. The losses caused by hurricane exceed insurance company’s capacity. This paper focused on analyzing the current financial product in the market which could help transfer the hurricane risk. At the last, the author proposed to develop Hurricane Resiliency Index, it could serve as a key basis to measure the capacity of a community to withstand, respond to, and recover from hurricanes.
Windstorm Price Effects on Construction Materials
Authors: Simmons Kevin M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWindstorms can leave massive damage as they march across a helpless region. As population increases in areas prone to windstorms, damage only escalates. Most economic impacts are local but some storms are large enough to create ripple effects felt thousands of miles away. This paper examines one such storm, Hurricane Andrew, and the effect it had on a common construction material, plywood. It finds that the national price of plywood increased sharply after Andrew with no explanation other than the hurricane itself.
Fuzzy Logic-Based Formalisms for Gynecology Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Sardesai Anjali , Kharat Vilas , Sambarey Pradip , Deshpande Ashok 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe very basis of the present article is the fact that the medical knowledge consisting of clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of a disease is with imprecision and uncertainty. The overall approach in gynecological disease diagnosis could be divided into three distinct stages, and this was confirmed by seven experienced gynecologists. Stage 1 refers to an initial screening process in order to arrive at a single disease diagnosis for the patients, which is based only on the subjective information provided by patients to the physician. In stage 2, the patient who has not received a single diagnostic label in stage 1 is further investigated for a single disease diagnosis using past history criteria. If stage 2 fails to arrive at a single disease diagnosis for a patient, then physical examination and various tests like imaging tests, blood tests, etc., are conducted, and the test results are processed in stage 3. In stage 1, we have revisited fuzzy relational calculus and mathematically evaluated the perceptions of the domain experts (gynecologists) with respect to 31 gynecological diseases. The paper also presents the research findings with a case study focused on stage 2 using a type 1 fuzzy inference system. Out of 226 patients, 50 are correctly diagnosed for a single disease and 147 for multiple diseases in stage 1. The paper concludes that fuzzy relational calculus is an effective method as an “initial screening” process to arrive at a single disease diagnosis. We have identified 29 out of 226 patients satisfying past history criteria to achieve a single disease diagnosis by stage 2. Investigations for stage 3 are in progress.
A Genetic Algorithm Approach for Discovering Tuned Fuzzy Classification Rules with Intra- and Inter-Class Exceptions
Authors: Bala Renu , Ratnoo Saroj 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFuzzy rule-based systems (FRBSs) are proficient in dealing with cognitive uncertainties like vagueness and ambiguity imperative to real-world decision-making situations. Fuzzy classification rules (FCRs) based on fuzzy logic provide a framework for a flexible human-like reasoning involving linguistic variables. Appropriate membership functions (MFs) and suitable number of linguistic terms – according to actual distribution of data – are useful to strengthen the knowledge base (rule base [RB]+ data base [DB]) of FRBSs. An RB is expected to be accurate and interpretable, and a DB must contain appropriate fuzzy constructs (type of MFs, number of linguistic terms, and positioning of parameters of MFs) for the success of any FRBS. Moreover, it would be fascinating to know how a system behaves in some rare/exceptional circumstances and what action ought to be taken in situations where generalized rules cease to work. In this article, we propose a three-phased approach for discovery of FCRs augmented with intra- and inter-class exceptions. A pre-processing algorithm is suggested to tune DB in terms of the MFs and number of linguistic terms for each attribute of a data set in the first phase. The second phase discovers FCRs employing a genetic algorithm approach. Subsequently, intra- and inter-class exceptions are incorporated in the rules in the third phase. The proposed approach is illustrated on an example data set and further validated on six UCI machine learning repository data sets. The results show that the approach has been able to discover more accurate, interpretable, and interesting rules. The rules with intra-class exceptions tell us about the unique objects of a category, and rules with inter-class exceptions enable us to take a right decision in the exceptional circumstances.
Funisitis is more common in cervical insufficiency than in preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Choi Joohee , Park Jeong Woo , Kim Byoung Jae , Choi Ye-Jin , Hwang Jong Hee , Lee Seung Mi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTo compare the frequency of histologic chorioamnionitis and funisitis among women experiencing preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and cervical insufficiency.This retrospective cohort study included singleton pregnant women who delivered at ≤36 weeks of gestation. The patients with preterm birth were subdivided into preterm labor (n=117), preterm PROM (n=153), and cervical insufficiency (n=20). All placentas were examined for pathology, according to the criteria of1) Histologic chorioamnionitis was diagnosed in 48.7% (57/117) of cases with preterm labor, 47.4% (73/153) with preterm PROM, and 75.0% (15/20) with cervical insufficiency. Funisitis was detected in 11.1% (13/117) of cases with preterm labor, 15.7% (24/153) with preterm PROM, and 40.0% (8/20) with cervical insufficiency. 2) Frequency of histologic chorioamnionitis was higher in cases with cervical insufficiency compared to preterm PROM. Frequency of funisitis was higher in cases with cervical insufficiency compared to both preterm labor and preterm PROM (P<0.05). The difference in frequency of funisitis remained significant after adjustment for gestational age at delivery and cervical dilatation at diagnosis. 3) Frequency of grade 2 funisitis was higher in cases with cervical insufficiency (35.0%, 7/20) compared to both preterm labor (6.8%, 8/117) and preterm PROM (9.8%, 15/153) (P=0.001). And the difference remained significant after adjustment for gestational age at delivery and cervical dilatation at diagnosis.: The highest frequency of funisitis was observed in cervical insufficiency among cases with spontaneous preterm birth.
The mechanism of palladium(II)-mediated C–H cleavage with mono-N-protected amino acid (MPAA) ligands: origins of rate acceleration
Authors: Engle Keary M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
It has long been known that transition metals are capable of interacting with, cleaving, and mediating the functionalization of activated and unactivated carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bonds. Broadly speaking, a basic underlying principle in the fields of inorganic and organometallic chemistry is that the primary and secondary coordination spheres around a metal affect its reactivity and selectivity in elementary reactions. Hence, ligand design in transition metal catalysis has been a captivating area of research for over half a century. The discovery and development of novel ligands to promote and control otherwise recalcitrant C–H functionalization reactions is now at the forefront of organic and organometallic chemistry. Central to this line of inquiry is the interplay between ligand, substrate, metal, and reaction mechanism. This Review highlights the mechanistic details of palladium(II)-mediated C–H cleavage with mono-N-protected amino acid (MPAA) ligands. Relevant historical background is discussed, the key discoveries in catalysis with MPAAs are examined, experimental and computational studies to elucidate reaction mechanisms are presented, and possible future directions are described.
Preclinical dosimetric estimation of [111In] 5, 10, 15, 20-tetra phenyl porphyrin complex as a possible imaging/PDT agent
Authors: Fazaeli Yousef , Shanehsazzadeh Saeed , Lahooti Afsaneh , Feizi Shahzad , Jalilian Amirreza 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Introduction: Recent studies show that porphyrin derivatives have interesting pharmacological and photodynamic properties and
wide range of usage in photodynamic therapy treatment. This study describes the preparation, biodistribution and absorbed dose
prediction of [111In] labeled 5, 10, 15, 20-tetra phenyl porphyrin (TPP) in human organs, based on rats' biodistribution
data. Methods: Five rats were sacrificed at each exact time intervals (2, 4 and 24 h post injection) and the
percentage of injected dose per gram of each organ was measured by direct counting from rats data from 12 harvested organs. The Medical
Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) formulation was applied to extrapolate from rats to human and to project the absorbed radiation dose for
various organs in humans. Results: From rat data we estimated that injection of [111In] TPP into the humans would
result in an estimated effective absorbed dose of 0.09 mSv/MBq in the whole body. While the highest effective absorbed dose
for 111In-TPP was in the heart wall (0.22 mSv), the organs that received the next highest doses were the Kidneys
(0.06 mSv), thymus (0.04 mSv) and lungs (0.03 mSv). Conclusions: The skin dose will four
times higher compare to the other 111In compounds, which was due to magnificent skin uptakes. According to the fast
wash-out, tumor avidity and the short half-life, [111In] can be a suitable candidate for labeling of photo dynamic therapy
(PDT) agents as a tracer for accurate biological evaluation of other PDT agents such as Photofrin and its homologs.
Removal of 134Cs and 152+154Eu from liquid radioactive waste using Dowex HCR-S/S
Authors: Hamed Mostafa Mohamed , Holiel Mohamed , Ismail Zeinab Hasanien 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Radionuclides should be separated from the waste streams before their discharge due to their undesired effects on human physiology and
ecological systems. In this work, the feasibility of using Dowex-HCR-S/S(HCR), a strong acid cation-exchange resin as sorbent for
134Cs and 152+154Eu ions removal was examined. Sorption experimental data were analyzed by kinetic and isotherm
models. The distribution coefficients of 134Cs and 152+154Eu were studied as a function of pH;
3525.6 mL/g and 393.1 mL/g were obtained in case of 152+154Eu and 134Cs at pH 4.1,
respectively. Four isotherm models; Freundlich, Langmuir, Tempkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich, were used to fit the sorption equilibrium
data. The results indicated that the sorption of both 134Cs and 152+154Eu onto HCR resin is highly fit with the
pseudo-second order model. The sorption kinetic for 134Cs and 152+154Eu onto polymeric resin takes 90 and
120 min to reach equilibrium which is considered as a fast kinetic process. The results of sorption experiments indicate
that the maximum sorption capacity of 134Cs and 152+154Eu are 102.84 and 161.93 mg/g. The amount
of radionuclides removed increased with increasing temperature, which indicates the endothermic nature of the sorption process. The
negative values of ΔG
○ indicated the spontaneity of the sorption process. The proposed procedure has been successfully
applied for the removal of 134Cs, 152+154Eu and other radionuclides from real liquid radioactive waste. The
present study concludes that the commercial HCR resin used under these conditions, has a considerable potential as an effective sorbent
for the removal of 134Cs and 152+154Eu from real radioactive wastewater. It can therefore have a place in the
treatment of cationic radionuclides from radioactive wastewater since it is of a low-cost and commercially available adsorbent.
Experimental determination of proton induced reaction cross sections on natNi near threshold energy
Authors: Uddin Md. Shuza , Chakraborty Animesh Kumer , Spellerberg Stefan , Shariff Md. Asad , Das Sopan , Rashid Md. Abdur , Spahn Ingo , Qaim Syed M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A newly developed facility at the 3 MV Tandem Accelerator at Dhaka for
measurement of proton induced reaction cross sections in the energy region below
5 MeV is outlined and tests for the beam characterization are described. The
results were validated by comparison with the well-known excitation function of the
64Ni(p, n)64Cu reaction. Excitation functions of the reactions

nat
Ni(p, x)60,61Cu,
nat
Ni(p, x)55,57,58m+g
Co and

nat
Ni(p, x)57Ni were also measured from threshold to 16 MeV using
the stacked-foil technique, whereby irradiations were performed with 5 MeV
protons available at the Tandem Accelerator and 16.7 MeV protons at the BC 1710
cyclotron at Jülich, Germany. The radioactivity was measured using HPGe γ-ray
detectors. A few results are new, the others strengthen the database. In particular, the
results of the reaction
nat
Ni(p, x)61Cu below 3 MeV could serve as
beam monitor.
Die Kluft zwischen eingeschätzten und tatsächlichen Fähigkeiten bei der Erhebung der spirituellen Anamnese
Authors: Mayr Beate , Elhardt Eva , Riedner Carola , Roser Traugott , Frick sj Eckhard , Paal Piret 
Published: January 2016

ZusammenfassungDiese Studie behandelt praktische Probleme der spirituellen Anamnese im klinischen Umfeld. Nach einer 180-minütigen Schulung wurden die Teilnehmer eingeladen, spirituelle Anamnesen zu erheben und mit Hilfe von zwei zu diesem Zweck erstellten Fragebögen aus Sicht des Befragers und des Befragten zu bewerten. 56 spirituelle Anamnesen wurden durchgeführt. Die Einschätzung der beiden Gruppen zeigte eine statistisch hochsignifikante Übereinstimmung. Die Befrager äußerten (M = 3,4) eine größere Belastung als die Befragten (M = 1,9). Als Belastungsfaktoren wurden eigene Unsicherheit, ablehnende Haltung von Patienten und wenig unterstützende äußere Bedingungen identifiziert. Die Studie machte eine Kluft zwischen den eingeschätzten und tatsächlichen Fähigkeiten bei der Erhebung der spirituellen Anamnese deutlich.
Bistable Bright Optical Spatial Solitons due to Charge Drift and Diffusion of Various Orders in Photovoltaic Photorefractive Media Under Closed-Circuit Conditions
Authors: Shwetanshumala S. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Evolution of bright optical spatial solitons in biased photovoltaic photorefractive (PVPR) medium is investigated in the present work. The space-charge field developed in the medium is comprised of local and nonlocal parts. Lowest order charge drift results in the buildup of the local space-charge field, whereas higher order drift and charge diffusion are responsible for nonlocal field development. The dynamical equation for solitons in the closed circuit PVPR medium is obtained under Akhmanov’s paraxial ray approximation. Conditions for stationary propagation are obtained, and the path of soliton in the medium is examined. The asymmetry in the nonlinear refractive index introduced by nonlocal contribution to the space-charge field causes a soliton to deflect from its straight line path in the medium. The roles of charge diffusion and higher order drift on soliton trajectory are examined.
Inducible chromatin priming is associated with the establishment of immunological memory in T cells
Authors: Bevington Sarah L , Cauchy Pierre , Piper Jason , Bertrand Elisabeth , Lalli Naveen , Jarvis Rebecca C , Gilding Liam Niall , Ott Sascha , Bonifer Constanze , Cockerill Peter N 
Published: January 2016

AbstractImmunological memory is a defining feature of vertebrate physiology, allowing rapid responses to repeat infections. However, the molecular mechanisms required for its establishment and maintenance remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that the first steps in the acquisition of T‐cell memory occurred during the initial activation phase of naïve T cells by an antigenic stimulus. This event initiated extensive chromatin remodeling that reprogrammed immune response genes toward a stably maintained primed state, prior to terminal differentiation. Activation induced the transcription factors NFAT and AP‐1 which created thousands of new DNase I‐hypersensitive sites (DHSs), enabling ETS‐1 and RUNX1 recruitment to previously inaccessible sites. Significantly, these DHSs remained stable long after activation ceased, were preserved following replication, and were maintained in memory‐phenotype cells. We show that primed DHSs maintain regions of active chromatin in the vicinity of inducible genes and enhancers that regulate immune responses. We suggest that this priming mechanism may contribute to immunological memory in T cells by facilitating the induction of nearby inducible regulatory elements in previously activated T cells.