bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Univariate Tests for Phase Capacity: Tools for Identifying When to Modify a Survey’s Data Collection Protocol
Authors: Lewis Taylor 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
To mitigate the potentially harmful effects of nonresponse, most surveys repeatedly follow up with nonrespondents, often targeting a response rate or predetermined number of completes. Each additional recruitment attempt generally brings in a new wave of data, but returns gradually diminish over the course of a fixed data collection protocol, as each subsequent wave tends to consist of fewer responses than the last. Consequently, point estimates begin to stabilize. This is the notion of phase capacity, suggesting some form of design change is in order, such as switching modes, increasing the incentive, or, as is considered exclusively in this research, discontinuing the nonrespondent follow-up campaign altogether. A previously proposed test for phase capacity calls for multiply imputing nonrespondents’ missing data to assess, retrospectively, whether the most recent wave of data significantly altered a key, nonresponse-adjusted point estimate. This study introduces a more flexible adaptation amenable to surveys that instead reweight the observed data to compensate for nonresponse. Results from a simulation study and application indicate that, all else equal, the weighting version of the test is more sensitive to point estimate changes, thereby dictating more follow-up attempts are warranted.
Dynamic Question Ordering in Online Surveys
Authors: Early Kirstin , Mankoff Jennifer , Fienberg Stephen E. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Online surveys have the potential to support adaptive questions, where later questions depend on earlier responses. Past work has taken a rule-based approach, uniformly across all respondents. We envision a richer interpretation of adaptive questions, which we call Dynamic Question Ordering (DQO), where question order is personalized. Such an approach could increase engagement, and therefore response rate, as well as imputation quality. We present a DQO framework to improve survey completion and imputation. In the general survey-taking setting, we want to maximize survey completion, and so we focus on ordering questions to engage the respondent and collect hopefully all information, or at least the information that most characterizes the respondent, for accurate imputations. In another scenario, our goal is to provide a personalized prediction. Since it is possible to give reasonable predictions with only a subset of questions, we are not concerned with motivating users to answer all questions. Instead, we want to order questions to get information that reduces prediction uncertainty, while not being too burdensome. We illustrate this framework with two case studies, for the prediction and survey-taking settings. We also discuss DQO for national surveys and consider connections between our statistics-based question-ordering approach and cognitive survey methodology.
Robustness of Adaptive Survey Designs to Inaccuracy of Design Parameters
Authors: Burger Joep , Perryck Koen , Schouten Barry 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Adaptive survey designs (ASDs) optimize design features, given 1) the interactions between the design features and characteristics of sampling units and 2) a set of constraints, such as a budget and a minimum number of respondents. Estimation of the interactions is subject to both random and systematic error. In this article, we propose and evaluate four viewpoints to assess robustness of ASDs to inaccuracy of design parameter estimates: the effect of both imprecision and bias on both ASD structure and ASD performance. We additionally propose three distance measures to compare the structure of ASDs. The methodology is illustrated using a simple simulation study and a more complex but realistic case study on the Dutch Travel Survey. The proposed methodology can be applied to other ASD optimization problems. In our simulation study and case study, the ASD was fairly robust to imprecision, but not to realistic dynamics in the design parameters. To deal with the sensitivity of ASDs to changing design parameters, we recommend to learn and update the design parameters.
Inconsistent Regression and Nonresponse Bias: Exploring Their Relationship as a Function of Response Imbalance
Authors: Särndal Carl-Erik , Lundquist Peter 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
One objective of adaptive data collection is to secure a better balanced survey response. Methods exist for this purpose, including balancing with respect to selected auxiliary variables. Such variables are also used at the estimation stage for (calibrated) nonresponse weighting adjustment.
Earlier research has shown that the use of auxiliary information at the estimation stage can reduce bias, perhaps considerably, but without eliminating it. The question is: would it have contributed further to bias reduction if, prior to estimation, that information had also been used in data collection, to secure a more balanced set of respondents? If the answer is yes, there is clear incentive, from the point of view of better accuracy in the estimates, to practice adaptive survey design, otherwise perhaps not.
A key question is how the regression relationship between the survey variable and the auxiliary vector presents itself in the sample as opposed to the response. Strength in the relationship is helpful but is not the only consideration. The dilemma with nonresponse is one of inconsistent regression: a regression model appropriate for the sample often fails for the responding subset, because nonresponse is selective, non-random.
In this article, we examine how nonresponse bias in survey estimates depends on regression inconsistency, both seen as functions of response imbalance. As a measure of bias we use the deviation of the calibration adjusted estimator from the unbiased estimate under full response. We study how the deviation and the regression inconsistency depend on the imbalance. We observe in empirical work that both can be reduced, to a degree, by efforts to reduce imbalance by an adaptive data collection.
Using Prior Wave Information and Paradata: Can They Help to Predict Response Outcomes and Call Sequence Length in a Longitudinal Study?
Authors: Durrant Gabriele B. , Maslovskaya Olga , Smith Peter W. F. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In recent years the use of paradata for nonresponse investigations has risen significantly. One key question is how useful paradata, including call record data and interviewer observations, from the current and previous waves of a longitudinal study, as well as previous wave survey information, are in predicting response outcomes in a longitudinal context. This article aims to address this question. Final response outcomes and sequence length (the number of calls/visits to a household) are modelled both separately and jointly for a longitudinal study. Being able to predict length of call sequence and response can help to improve both adaptive and responsive survey designs and to increase efficiency and effectiveness of call scheduling. The article also identifies the impact of different methodological specifications of the models, for example different specifications of the response outcomes. Latent class analysis is used as one of the approaches to summarise call outcomes in sequences. To assess and compare the models in their ability to predict, indicators derived from classification tables, ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves, discrimination and prediction are proposed in addition to the standard approach of using the pseudo R2 value, which is not a sufficient indicator on its own. The study uses data from Understanding Society, a large-scale longitudinal survey in the UK. The findings indicate that basic models (including geographic, design and survey data from the previous wave), although commonly used in predicting and adjusting for nonresponse, do not predict the response outcome well. Conditioning on previous wave paradata, including call record data, interviewer observation data and indicators of change, improve the fit of the models slightly. A significant improvement can be observed when conditioning on the most recent call outcome, which may indicate that the nonresponse process predominantly depends on the most current circumstances of a sample unit.
The Impact of Targeted Data Collection on Nonresponse Bias in an Establishment Survey: A Simulation Study of Adaptive Survey Design
Authors: McCarthy Jaki , Wagner James , Sanders Herschel Lisette 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Nonresponse rates have been growing over time leading to concerns about survey data quality. Adaptive designs seek to allocate scarce resources by targeting specific subsets of sampled units for additional effort or a different recruitment protocol. In order to be effective in reducing nonresponse, the identified subsets of the sample need two key features: 1) their probabilities of response can be impacted by changing design features, and 2) once they have responded, this can have an impact on estimates after adjustment. The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) is investigating the use of adaptive design techniques in the Crops Acreage, Production, and Stocks Survey (Crops APS). The Crops APS is a survey of establishments which vary in size and, hence, in their potential impact on estimates. In order to identify subgroups for targeted designs, we conducted a simulation study that used Census of Agriculture (COA) data as proxies for similar survey items. Different patterns of nonresponse were simulated to identify subgroups that may reduce estimated nonresponse bias when their response propensities are changed.
On the occurrence and toxicity of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in Poland
Authors: Rzymski Piotr , Brygider Agnieszka , Kokociński Mikołaj 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii which belongs to the order of Nostocales has continuously been at the centre of interest of various research groups owing to its great ecological plasticity, wide distribution and potential to produce different metabolites known to be harmful for humans and animals. Over recent decades, Polish strains of C. raciborskii have also been studied with regard to these issues. The present paper is a brief review of the present state of knowledge respecting the occurrence and toxicity of this species with emphasis on Polish strains, and indicates potential directions for future research.
Water temperature in investigations of Polish lakes
Authors: Skowron Rajmund 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Scientists became professionally interested in Polish lakes in the early 1850s. They focused predominantly upon the measurements of depth, observations of water stages, optical properties, and water temperature. The first systematic observations of surface water temperature were carried out in 1956. At present these measurements are conducted in 29 lakes. Investigations of the vertical distribution of water temperature were initiated in the interwar period and they contributed to a better recognition of the processes and factors conditioning dynamics of water masses. In general, measurements of water temperature have constituted fundamental observations with respect to the studies of yearly and daily courses of the temperature of surface water and the entire water mass, the influence of basin morphometry upon water thermal conditions, heat balance and heat resources, thermal conditions of bottom deposits and thermal classification of the lakes. The introduction of automatic gradient probes gave a new impulse to the investigations of water temperature in the lakes. The foundation of the Polish Limnological Society in 2001 and 18 national and international limnological conferences stimulated integration of the circle of limnologists. Specialist journals (Limnological Review, Studia Limnologica et Telmatologica) have presented around 40 publications with the leading theme of water temperature.
Changes in populationdensity of the urban population in southern Poland in the period 1950-2011 against the background of political and economic transformation
Authors: Jażdżewska Iwona 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the changes in urban population density in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in an area of approximately 20,000 km2in southern Poland, which includes close to 100 towns and cities with a population of almost 4.5 million (in 2011) and an urbanisation index over 70%. It is the most urbanised part of Poland and includes the Cracow agglomeration and the Upper Silesian conurbation. The analysis was performed using one of the statistical methods for estimating discrete distributions, thekernel functionmethod. The conclusions served as a basis for the presentation of changes occurring in this area against the backdrop of political and economic transformation in Poland, as well as a scientific discussion concerning the state and future of the merging of these agglomerations in the light of the factors discussed.
Evaluating Geometric Characteristics of Planar Surfaces using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Pathak Vimal Kumar , Kumar Sagar , Nayak Chitresh , Gowripathi Rao NRNV 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm for the evaluation of geometric characteristics defining form and function of planar surfaces. The geometric features of planar surfaces are decomposed into four components; namely straightness, flatness, perpendicularity, and parallelism. A non-linear minimum zone objective function is formulated mathematically for each planar surface geometric characteristic. Finally, the result of the proposed method is compared with previous work on the same problem and with other nature inspired algorithms. The results demonstrate that the proposed MPSO algorithm is more efficient and accurate in comparison to other algorithms and is well suited for effective and accurate evaluation of planar surface characteristics.
Particle Accelerator Focus Automation
Authors: Lopes José , Rocha Jorge , Redondo Luís , Cruz João 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The Laboratório de Aceleradores e Tecnologias de Radiação (LATR) at the Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, of Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) has a horizontal electrostatic particle accelerator based on the Van de Graaff machine which is used for research in the area of material characterization. This machine produces alfa (He+) and proton (H+) beams of some μA currents up to 2 MeV/q energies. Beam focusing is obtained using a cylindrical lens of the Einzel type, assembled near the high voltage terminal. This paper describes the developed system that automatically focuses the ion beam, using a personal computer running the LabVIEW software, a multifunction input/output board and signal conditioning circuits. The focusing procedure consists of a scanning method to find the lens bias voltage which maximizes the beam current measured on a beam stopper target, which is used as feedback for the scanning cycle. This system, as part of a wider start up and shut down automation system built for this particle accelerator, brings great advantages to the operation of the accelerator by turning it faster and easier to operate, requiring less human presence, and adding the possibility of total remote control in safe conditions.
Separation technology meets green chemistry: development of magnetically recoverable catalyst supports containing silica, ceria, and titania
Authors: Vono Lucas L. R. , Damasceno Camila C. , Matos Jivaldo R. , Jardim Renato F. , Landers Richard , Masunaga Sueli H. , Rossi Liane M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Magnetic separation can be considered a green technology because it is fast, efficient, consumes low energy, and minimizes the use of solvents and the generation of waste. It has been successfully used in laboratory scale to facilitate supported catalysts’ handling, separation, recovery, and recycling. Only few materials are intrisically magnetic, hence the application of magnetic materials as catalyst supports has broaden the use of magnetic separation. Iron oxides, silica-coated iron oxides, and carbon-coated-cobalt are among the most studied catalyst supports; however, other metal oxide coatings, such as ceria and titania, are also very interesting for application in catalysis. Here we report the preparation of magnetically recoverable magnetic supports containing silica, ceria, and titania. We found that the silica shell protects the iron oxide core and allows the crystalization of ceria and titania at high temperature without compromising the magnetic properties of the catalyst supports.
Synergy in food, energy and advanced materials production from biomass
Authors: Galembeck Fernando 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Biomass is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, as a source of energy and raw materials for industry. However, this is often criticized, based on an alleged competition with food production due to the presumed scarcity of agricultural land. Data from Brazil and Ethiopia show that the creation and dissemination of new agricultural technology actually allows a significant increase in the production of food as well as energy and raw materials from biomass, bringing economic, social and environmental benefits. Moreover, polymers from biomass display unique features that make them suitable as the basis for making advanced materials, with desirable combinations of chemical and physical properties required for some applications. For instance, natural rubber and cellulose have been used to create new complex nanostructured solids capable of performing new functions. Biomass can thus be exploited as a source of new materials as well as petrochemical-like building blocks.
Step economy strategy for the synthesis of amphoteric aminoaldehydes, key intermediates for reduced hydantoins
Authors: Monteiro Júlia L. , Moreira Natália M. , dos Santos Deborah A. , Paixão Márcio W. , Corrêa Arlene G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Despite of the orthogonal reactivity of the N–H aziridines aldehyde, these compounds exist as an equilibrium of three different forms – whereas the dimeric one is mostly observed in a variety of solvents. In this work, we have developed an alternative protocol for the aminoaldehyde dimers synthesis in two steps starting with an organocatalyzed aziridination between α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and a protected amine to afford known isolable and stable N-protected aziridine aldehydes. After Boc-deprotection, dimeric species were immediately formed from monomeric N–H aziridine aldehydes. From this building-block new reduced hydantoins were prepared via [3+2]-annulation with isocyanates.
Soul Death and the Legacy of Total War
Authors: Lohrey David T. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Following the lead of Hannah Arendt and others, I want to argue that the imperial mystique seen in the British Empire found its way into Germany’s expansionist ambitions. I am concerned with the emotional costs of oppression, or what I call soul death. I focus on three key writers of the 20th century: Doris Lessing, Nadine Gordimer, and J. M. Coetzee, placing their writings in the context of war trauma and the barbarities associated with 20th century totalitarianism. My argument seeks to elucidate the relationship between postcoloniality and the wars that shaped that century. These narratives of distress will be juxtaposed with novels by Imre Kertész and Arnošt Lustig whose writings of the Holocaust and the war atmosphere on the Eastern Front illuminate scenes of trauma and personal anguish. Here my study draws on the work of recent psychologists whose term soul murder is made much of. These writers’ works can be more fully understood to reveal patterns of personal destruction that are part of living under imperialism. They bring to the forefront behaviours that expose the debasement and hardening witnessed in the early decades of the century.
Christian Materialism and the Quest for Human Personhood
Authors: Leidenhag Mikael 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This paper offers a critical exploration of philosopher Kevin Corcoran’s proposed Christian Materialism. Corcoran’s constitution view claims that we human persons are constituted by our bodies without being identical with the bodies that constitute us. I will critically evaluate this view and argue that Corcoran has not successfully managed to ground a first-person perspective and intentional states in materialism. Moreover, Corcoran’s property dualism about mental states and the idea of the causally efficacy of such states seem incompatible with materialism. Corcoran’s view of imago Dei is also explored and evaluated. Towards the end of the paper I put forward a brief defense of dualism in light of Corcoran’s critique.
Exploring Soul, Nature, and God. A Triad in Bhagavad gita
Authors: Sumati Yadav 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Humans have always been and still are fascinated by the elusive phenomenon of soul and have devised various approaches to interpret it and attribute different names to it; depending on which part, which religion, which tribe and which sect of the world they belong to. Theologians to philosophers to spiritual thinkers to literary authors and critics to scientists—all seem to be researching and explaining its nature and place in the universal scheme of things. Interestingly, there is a unanimity among all, regarding the eternity and indestructibility of soul. The ancient Hindu scripture, Bhagavad Gita establishes soul (Jivatma) as a triad of Self, Nature (Prakriti: material reality) and God (Parmeshvara). The inner self is Soul which bears reflections of both, the physical nature and God. Malleable in ignorance, it identifies with the sense-perception dominated body but once realising its true nature, it is capable of governing the body and its actions. With the support mechanisms and persistence, it traverses across individual body consciousness to universal consciousness. This article strives to make a hermeneutic study of this metaphysical text; inquiring how awareness of the duality of nature; transient and permanent, triggers a gradual process of evolution, leading to a complete transformation when a soul resides within a body as a unifying factor; not for exploiting it or others or vice versa but for bringing about universal harmony.
Relationships between Free-Living Amoeba and their Intracellular Bacteria
Authors: Rubeniņa Ilze , Kirjušina Muza , Bērziņš Aivars , Valciņa Olga , Jahundoviča Inese 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
An increasing number of bacteria have been described as benefiting from interaction with free-living amoeba. The most common association between free-living amoeba and microorganisms is interaction of various non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacterial species with amoeba. Various pathogenic bacterial species have capacity to resist digestion by free-living amoeba, which has been observed by many researchers. Also, several of these pathogens are able to resist digestion by macrophages. In addition, free-living amoeba have been associated with several diseases in humans. Acanthamniioeba castella is an important predator of bacteria. It is a ubiquitous organism in water, soil, and air. Attention from a public health perspective is needed by investigation of interaction of foodborne pathogens and free-living amoeba. Bacteria can use free-living amoeba as reservoirs, mediators or vehicles, an infection route, “biological gym” and evolutionary crib or interaction may result in a close endosymbiotic relationship. The purpose of this review is to describe the interaction mechanisms between free-living amoeba and common bacteria species that survive in host cells.