bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CROI 2024 BHIVA working group summary
Authors: Barber Tristan J. , Clarke Amanda , Fox Ashini , Mackie Nicola E. , Sabin Caroline , Waters Laura J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) is usually the most significant HIV conference of the year in terms of basic and clinical scientific output. CROI 2024 in Denver, USA, felt very much back to ‘business as usual’ following COVID‐19 disruptions that had impacted preceding years, but also felt more global and outward‐ facing. The British HIV Association supports a working group to attend CROI annually and deliver feedback in the UK. This article summarizes the highlights from that meeting.
Comparative analysis of methods for measuring root canal curvature based on periapical radiography: A laboratory study
Authors: Hartmann Rafael Chies , Ferraz Eduardo Silva , Weissheimer Theodoro , Poli de Figueiredo Jose Antônio , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero , Gomes Maximiliano Schünke 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the agreement between six currently available periapical radiography‐based methods for measuring the root canal curvatures in mesial roots of mandibular first molars, assessed by two examiners with different proficiency levels.MethodologyNon‐endodontically treated mesial roots of 41 human mandibular first molars were radiographed using the parallelling technique. Two independent observers (a specialist in endodontics and radiology and a final‐year dental student) assessed their root canal curvature using the methodologies described by Schneider (1971, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, 32, 271), Weine (1982, Endodontic therapy), Berbert and Nishiyama (1994, Revista Gaúcha de Odontología, 356), Luiten et al. (1995, Journal of Endodontics, 21, 26), Hankins and ElDeeb (1996, Journal of Endodontics, 22, 123) and Pettiette et al. (1999, Journal of Endodontics, 25, 230). Intra‐ and inter‐examiner reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. The differences in curvature angle measured by the different methods were compared using the one‐way anova for repeated measures test, followed by Tukey's post hoc analysis. The effect was calculated using the Cohen's d method. To determine the agreement between methods, the Bland–Altman analysis was used. The significance level was set at 5%.ResultsAgreement for the observers was excellent (>0.81) for the six methods considered. For the angle comparisons between methods, the maximum differences were for Schneider versus Weine (35.77°) and Luiten versus Hankins (35.14°), whilst the highest percentage of angles with a difference >10° were Weine versus Luiten and Berbert versus Pettiette (90%) and the comparison Weine versus Hankins presented with the lowest frequency (15%). Excellent agreement was found for five comparisons: Weine versus Luiten (0.940), Berbert versus Pettiette (0.917), Weine versus Pettiette (0.907), Luiten versus Pettiette (0.904) and Berbert versus Luiten (0.812). Compared to Schneider's method, the other methods showed a tendency of increasing difference as the angles became more acute. The other methods exhibited linear differences, remaining constant for smaller and larger angles.ConclusionsReliability was excellent for all methods assessed separately. Maximum differences in curvature angles were found when comparing Schneider versus Weine and Luiten versus Hankins. Excellent agreement was found for Weine versus Luiten, Berbert versus Pettiette, Weine versus Pettiette, Luiten versus Pettiette and Berbert versus Luiten. In the presence of dilacerations, the method by Schneider was less sensitive.
27‐Hydroxycholesterol contributes to hypercholesterolemia‐associated aggravation of apical periodontitis in ovariectomized rats and raloxifene counteracts its action
Authors: Wang H.‐W. , Yang C.‐N. , Kok S.‐H. , Hong C.‐Y. , Shun C.‐T. , Lai E. H.‐H. , Cheng S.‐J. , Lin H.‐Y. , Wu F.‐Y. , Lin S.‐K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimThe influence of hypercholesterolemia on the development of apical periodontitis (AP) is inconclusive. Recent studies revealed that cholesterol metabolite 27‐hydoxycholesterol (27HC) can affect cellular responses to bacterial infections and oestrogen status and raloxifene may influence its action. Herein, we aimed to examine the impact of 27HC on production of inflammatory mediators by macrophages and the regulatory function of raloxifene. The contribution of 27HC to AP development and the therapeutic effect of raloxifene were evaluated in a rat model.MethodsMurine macrophages J774 cells were used. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was examined by Western blot. The concentrations of C‐C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2 and 27HC were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Colorimetric assay was used to evaluate cholesterol levels. Experimental AP was induced in ovariectomized (OVX) or un‐operated rats receiving high‐fat/high‐cholesterol diet (HFHCD) or normal diet (ND). Micro‐computed tomography and immunohistochemistry were employed to evaluate disease severity and the therapeutic effect of raloxifene.ResultsCholesterol enhanced 27HC production in macrophages. 27HC induced iNOS and CCL2 synthesis by macrophages and estradiol suppressed the responses. In our animal model of AP, HFHCD plus OVX significantly augmented serum and lesion tissue levels of 27HC (p < .05 versus the ND group). Lesion size, infiltration of CD68+ cells, and iNOS+ monocytes were increased in parallel with 27HC accumulation. Raloxifene inhibited pro‐inflammatory effects of 27HC on macrophages and suppressed AP progression in HFHCD/OVX rats (p < .05 versus the vehicle control group).ConclusionsOur results suggested that 27HC contributes to AP aggravation associated with hypercholesterolemia. Oestrogen deficiency may both enhance 27HC production and exacerbate its downstream action.
Implications of drug resistance in leprosy: disease course, reactions and the use of novel drugs
Authors: Sardana Kabir , Muddebihal Aishwarya , Scollard David M. , Khurana Ananta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLeprosy remains a significant neglected tropical disease despite the goal of elimination having been achieved in various endemic nations over the past two decades. Reactional episodes complicate the disease course, resulting in deformities and disability. The main aim of treatment is to kill Mycobacterium leprae and decrease the bacterial load, which could help prevent further bacilli transmission. A major concern in breaking the chain of transmission and possibly for recurrent reactions is the role of drug‐resistant bacilli. Though some data is available on the background prevalence of drug resistance in leprosy, there is a paucity of studies that look for resistance specifically in leprosy reactions. Administration of long‐term steroids or immunosuppressants for chronic and recurrent responses in the presence of drug resistance has the twin effect of perpetuating the multiplication of resistant bacilli and encouraging the dissemination of leprosy. The increasing trend of prescribing second‐line drugs for leprosy or type 2 reactions without prior assessment of drug resistance can potentially precipitate a severe public health problem as this can promote the development of resistance to second‐line drugs as well. A comprehensive multicenter study, including drug resistance surveillance testing in cases of reactions, is necessary, along with the current measures to stop the spread of leprosy. Here, we have detailed the history of drug resistance in leprosy, given pointers on when to suspect drug resistance, described the role of resistance in reactions, methods of resistance testing, and the management of resistant cases with second‐line therapy.
Pregnancy outcomes in Australian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Isojima Sakiko , Li Ning , Rowson Saskia , Kandane‐Rahtnayake Rangi , Koelmeyer Rachel , Morand Eric F. , Hoi Alberta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects women, with the onset of disease typically around the childbearing years.AimsThis study examines the frequency and risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) in an Australian cohort, and any disease flares during pregnancy and post partum.MethodsFemale patients with SLE enrolled in the Australian Lupus Registry and Biobank (ALRB) between January 2007 and June 2019 were studied. Self‐reported pregnancy history, including adverse foetal or maternal outcomes, was collected at the time of enrolment and updated as appropriate. Baseline demographics, clinical parameters, medication exposure and disease activity were collected. Factors associated with APO were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsPregnancy history was available in 278 patients; 30% were nulliparous. Most pregnancies occurred before the diagnosis of SLE. Patients who had pregnancies after SLE diagnosis had an earlier age of diagnosis, and had fewer pregnancies. The APO rate was 44.3% in the overall cohort, with most presenting as prematurity with or without foetal growth restriction. Women with APO were also diagnosed with SLE at a younger age and had a higher prevalence of anti‐cardiolipin antibodies and hypocomplementemia. Early age of SLE diagnosis was a significant independent risk factor for APO. No increase in disease flare was observed in those who experienced APO during the observation period of ALRB.ConclusionThis study shows a considerable incidence of APO in patients with SLE, emphasising the need for pre‐pregnancy counselling and collaboration between maternal‐foetal medicine specialists and rheumatologists, especially for women diagnosed with SLE at a younger age.
Prevalence of Influenza B/Yamagata Viruses From Season 2012/2013 to 2021/2022 in Italy as an Indication of a Potential Lineage Extinction
Authors: Marchi Serena , Bruttini Marco , Milano Giovanna , Manini Ilaria , Chironna Maria , Pariani Elena , Manenti Alessandro , Kistner Otfried , Montomoli Emanuele , Temperton Nigel , Trombetta Claudia Maria 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundInfluenza B/Yamagata viruses exhibited weak antigenic selection in recent years, reducing their prevalence over time and requiring no update of the vaccine component since 2015. To date, no B/Yamagata viruses have been isolated or sequenced since March 2020.MethodsThe antibody prevalence against the current B/Yamagata vaccine strain in Italy was investigated: For each influenza season from 2012/2013 to 2021/2022, 100 human serum samples were tested by haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay against the vaccine strain B/Phuket/3073/2013. In addition, the sequences of 156 B/Yamagata strains isolated during the influenza surveillance activities were selected for analysis of the haemagglutinin genome segment.ResultsAbout 61.9% of the human samples showed HAI antibodies, and 21.7% had protective antibody levels. The prevalence of antibodies at protective levels in the seasons between the isolation of the strain and its inclusion in the vaccine was between 11% and 25%, with no significant changes observed in subsequent years. A significant increase was observed in the 2020/2021 season, in line with the increase in influenza vaccine uptake during the pandemic. Sequence analysis showed that from 2014/2015 season onward, all B/Yamagata strains circulating in Italy were closely related to the B/Phuket/2013 vaccine strain, showing only limited amino acid variation.ConclusionsA consistent prevalence of antibodies to the current B/Yamagata vaccine strain in the general population was observed. The prolonged use of a well‐matched influenza vaccine and a low antigenic diversity of B/Yamagata viruses may have facilitated a strong reduction in B/Yamagata circulation, potentially contributing to the disappearance of this lineage.
Development and Preliminary Validation of a Central Venous Access Device‐Associated Skin Impairment Classification Tool Using Modified Delphi and Clinimetric Methods
Authors: Xu Hui (Grace) , Campbell Jill , Takashima Mari , Larsen Emily , Coyer Fiona , August Deanne , Dean Anna , Pitt Colleen , Griffin Bronwyn , Marsh Nicole , Rickard Claire M. , Ullman Amanda 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAn evidence and consensus‐based instrument is needed to classify central venous access device‐associated skin impairments.AimThe aim of this study was to design and evaluate the central venous access device‐associated skin impairment classification tool.DesignA two‐phase modified Delphi study.MethodsThis two‐phase study consisted of a literature review, followed by the development and validation of a classification instrument, by experts in the fields of central venous access devices and wound management (Phase 1). The instrument was tested (Phase 2) using 38 clinical photographs of a range of relevant skin impairments by the same expert panel. The expert panel consisted of registered nurses who were clinical researchers (n = 4) and clinical experts (n = 3) with an average of 24 years of nursing and research experience and 11 years of experience in wound management. Measures to assess preliminary content validity and inter‐rater reliability were used.ResultsThe instrument consists of five overarching aetiological classifications, including contact dermatitis, mechanical injury, infection, pressure injury and complex clinical presentation, with 14 associated subcategory diagnoses (e.g., allergic dermatitis, skin tear and local infection), with definitions and signs and symptoms. High agreement was achieved for preliminary scale content validity and item content validity (I‐CVI = 1). Inter‐rater reliability of aetiologies was high. The overall inter‐rater reliability of individual definitions and signs and symptoms had excellent agreement.ConclusionThe development and preliminary validation of this classification tool provide a common language to guide the classification and assessment of central venous access device‐associated skin impairment.ImpactThe comprehensive and validated classification tool will promote accurate identification of central venous access device‐associated skin impairment by establishing a common language for healthcare providers. The availability of this tool can reduce clinical uncertainty, instances of misdiagnosis and the potential for mismanagement. Consequently, it will play a pivotal role in guiding clinical decision‐making, ultimately enhancing the quality of treatment and improving patient outcomes.Reporting MethodThe Guidance on Conducting and Reporting Delphi Studies (CREDES) was adhered to.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Does International Financial Reporting Standards adoption improve or impede comparability? New evidence from Chinese dual‐class firms
Authors: Guan Jenny Xinjiao , Ye Kangtao , Zhang Shanshan , Zhang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe analyze a unique set of Chinese firms to isolate the impact of accounting standards on financial reporting comparability and capital markets. From 2001 to 2006, these companies simultaneously maintained two sets of financial statements because of their dual‐class share structure: statements for A‐shares followed Chinese Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), whereas those for B‐shares followed International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). We find a disparity in financial reporting comparability between these two accounting standards: IFRS produce less comparable information than Chinese GAAP. We also find that the disparity in comparability is related to fair value accounting, especially when corporate governance is weak.
Climate Interacts With Diversification Rate in Determining Species Richness and Trait Diversity of Tetrapods in a Global Hotspot
Authors: Moroti Matheus de T. , Skeels Alexander , da Silva Fernando R. , Provete Diogo B. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimTwo classes of mechanisms offer opposing explanations for biodiversity patterns: Equilibrium and nonequilibrium dynamics. While not necessarily mutually exclusive, studies investigating their relative support have shown mixed results. Thus, contrasting these mechanisms across multiple taxa in the same geographic area can provide valuable insights into their role in explaining different biodiversity facets. Here, we evaluated which variables representing these dynamics best explain functional and taxonomic diversity of four tetrapod clades in a global hotspot.LocationAtlantic forest.TaxonTerrestrial vertebrates.MethodsWe used climate, primary productivity and topography heterogeneity as proxy for equilibrium dynamics, and diversification rate and assemblage age as proxy for nonequilibrium dynamics. After that, we used spatially explicit structural equation models based on generalised least squares models to test how species richness and trait diversity are influenced by these dynamics processes. Furthermore, we spatialized the variables for each group and tested whether they were congruent.ResultsDiversification rate was a strong positive driver of species richness and trait diversity, while climate was both an indirect and direct negative driver of richness and trait diversity. Furthermore, we found a congruent pattern of richness between endotherms, but not between ectotherms. In contrast, the spatial distribution of trait diversity, assemblage age and diversification rate was distinct for each group.Main ConclusionHigh diversification rates and climatic conditions played a key role in determining trait diversity and species richness. In addition, species richness and trait diversity responded to the same variables across tetrapod lineages but showed different spatial patterns. This supports the idea that both dynamics operate together to explain community assembly at a regional scale. Our findings suggest that the dichotomy between these two classes of mechanisms may not sufficiently explain diversity patterns in biodiverse and climatically complex environments such as the Atlantic Forest.
Beyond TPACK: A case for foregrounding affect in technology rich 21st‐century teaching and learning
Authors: McLay Katherine Frances , Reyes Vicente Chua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis research was motivated by noticing shortcomings in the TPACK framework, which does not take account of the affective dimension (e.g., emotions, moods, attitudes and values) of teaching and learning with and about technology, despite this being a key predictor of whether teachers incorporate technology into teaching and learning. Reimagining TPACK as TAPACK to explicitly engage with affect offers a way of leveraging the influential TPACK framework to foreground the affective domain and encourage preservice teachers (PSTs) towards meaningful technology integration in teaching and learning.ObjectivesThe goal of this research is to encourage teacher educators to explicitly engage PSTs with the affective dimension of integrating technology into teaching and learning by sharing strategies from our own research and practice.MethodsWe deploy reflexive inquiry to draw on our experience teaching into technology focused teacher education courses to crystallize key shortcomings in the existing TPACK framework and suggest a possible way forward.Results and ConclusionsOur research suggests that engaging explicitly with the affective dimension by incorporating affect into the TPACK framework to become TAPACK may enhance technology focused teacher education courses by supporting PSTs to develop positive affective orientation towards technology, thereby increasingly the likelihood that PSTs will integrate technology into their practice.
Decremental properties of a concealed nodoventricular pathway
Authors: Onuki Koumei , Nagashima Koichi , Matsunaga‐Lee Yasuharu , Fukunaga Masato , Hiroshima Kenichi , Ando Kenji , Scheinman Melvin M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe decremental properties of the nodoventricular pathway (NVP) are uncertain.Methods and ResultsDuring short RP supraventricular tachycardia, a His‐refractory premature ventricular contraction (PVC) consistently terminated the tachycardia without atrial capture immediately after the PVC. Whereas a slightly earlier PVC failed to reset the subsequent His but terminated the tachycardia without atrial capture one cycle later.ConclusionThese observations are diagnostic of slow‐fast atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) with a bystander concealed‐NVP and can be explained by decremental properties in the NVP itself; greater prematurity of the PVC resulted in more decremental conduction over the NVP, causing the AVNRT termination one cycle later.
Parent‐child interaction at age 5 months: genetic and environmental contributions and associations with later socio‐communicative development
Authors: Hardiansyah Irzam , Warreyn Petra , Ronald Angelica , Taylor Mark J. , Falck‐Ytter Terje 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundCharacteristics of parent‐child interaction (PCI) early in life have been associated with later development in the child. Twin studies can help to disentangle child contributions to parent‐child interaction, for example, by assessing the influence of the child's genetics on his/her social environment, which includes parental behaviour.MethodsInfant twins from a community sample [354 monozygotic (MZ), 268 same‐sex dizygotic (DZ)] were assessed in terms of PCI at age 5 months. We used the classical twin design to map the aetiology of several parent and child PCI scales and their covariation. We investigated the relations between PCI and later parent‐rated child's social communication, language, and autistic traits at ages 2 and 3.ResultsHeritability was below 20% for all the included PCI traits. Unique (nonshared) environmental influences substantially overlapped across several PCI scales, suggesting that idiosyncrasies linked to each session shaped the scoring of several traits in a systematic way. Factor analysis revealed three uncorrelated latent factors, which were conceptualized as ‘child negative affect’, ‘positive affective interaction’, and ‘parent's supportive strategies’. Parents who were rated highly on ‘sensitive responsiveness’ at 5 months tended to rate their offspring higher in terms of socio‐communicative and language development and lower in terms of autistic traits in the second and third years of life.ConclusionsThis study maps the phenotypic and aetiological structure of PCI in early infancy and supports the view that parents' sensitive responsiveness towards their infant is associated with later developmental gains in several domains. We did not find strong evidence of any so‐called evocative genetic effects on parents’ behaviour. We discuss the results considering the general challenge for lab‐based observational PCI measures to capture the richness of parent‐child interaction.