bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of automatic surfacing technique under flux at ship propeller shaft repair
Authors: Симутенков Иван , Simutenkov Ivan , Драган Станислав , Dragan Stanislav , Голобородько Жорж , Goloborodko Zhorzh , Лебедев Владимир , Ярос Юрий , Yaros Yuriy 
Published: November 2016

During the operation of surfaces in ship propeller shafts they are worn out intensively. To prolong their life there are used at shipyards an automatic surfacing under flux (ASF) which, besides high efficiency is characterized with a considerable share of a basic metal participation in surfacing worsening properties of a deposited layer.
The aim of the paper consists in the technology improvement of ship propeller shafts restoration with the aid of ASF and SBM decrease on the basis of complex mechanization and energization of a technological process.
The process energization consists in the transfer character control of electrode metal through an arc by geometry and properties of driven rollers at the expense high-frequency extra-axial oscillations of an electrode (EOE) created by a special mechanical generator. The developed ASF technology ensures pad quality meeting requirements of the Register.
Machine-tool design using common parts
Authors: Захаров Леонид , Zakharov Leonid , Щербаков Андрей , Shcherbakov Andrey , Хандожко Александр , Khandozhko Aleksandr , Федонин Олег , Fedonin Oleg , Польский Евгений , Polskiy Evgeniy 
Published: November 2016

This paper reports the peculiarities of metal-tool design with the wide use of finished common modules with a different degree of integration. Such an approach has found a wide use in practice abroad and develops intensively in domestic mechanical engineering. This current trend poses to engineers and scientists new tasks. A number of aspects of this problem is considered in the paper presented. The change of the modern enterprises structure, from technological potentialities, development of materials science, new technological capabilities and limitations are manifested in different forms. One of them is a trend to the application of nonconventional materials for system carriers. In the paper there are stated merits and demerits, the analysis of the experience in the reinforced concrete and organic concrete application for these purposes.
The problems of changes in design computations content are considered in the paper. In particular, by the example there is shown a necessity to solve problems connected with contact deformations. Other significant trend in computations – a versatile analysis of complex spatial dimensions successions complicating because of the growth of assembly number.
The influence of promotional activities on the economic decision making
Authors: Öztopcu Aslı , Karaağaoğlu Nuran 
Published: November 2016

Behavioral economics is one of the sub-disciplines discussed through the process of economic thought. It studies the economic decisions of the individuals under the influence of social, emotional and cognitive factors. According to the rational behavior theory in economics, it is discussed that, the individuals may show irrational behaviors in spite of the expectation of rational behaviors. Economics is a human focused social science. The studies held, illustrate that the human behaviors have to be evaluated with the psychological factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of sales efforts of the drug firms on the economic decision making. The data gathered by the questionnaire show that the marketing strategies influence the decision making behavior of individuals.
Present and not reporting for duty: dsRNAi in mammalian cells
Authors: Luna Joseph M , Wu Xianfang , Rice Charles M 
Published: November 2016

Double‐stranded RNA interference (dsRNAi) represents a primary means of anti‐viral defense in plants, worms, and insects, yet appears mostly supplanted by the protein‐based interferon (IFN) response in vertebrates such as mammals. The degree to which dsRNAi is anti‐viral in mammals has been contentious. Maillard et al () find that dsRNAi retains sequence‐specific silencing in mammalian cells incapable of triggering an IFN response, suggesting that dsRNAi is inhibited by the action of interferon‐stimulated genes. Importantly, they observe that while dsRNA can “vaccinate” against the incoming cognate virus though dsRNAi silencing, no dsRNAi is observed with viral infection alone, suggesting that this evolutionarily conserved anti‐viral pathway is present but functionally elusive in the cell types studied thus far.
Socioeconomic Gaps in Parents’ Discipline Strategies From 1988 to 2011
Authors: Ryan Rebecca M. , Kalil Ariel , Ziol-Guest Kathleen M. , Padilla Christina 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The prevalence of corporal punishment is high in the United States despite a 1998 American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement urging against its use. The current study tests whether the socioeconomic difference in its use by parents has changed over the past quarter century. It goes on to test whether socioeconomic differences in the use of nonphysical discipline have also changed over time.

METHODS:
Data are drawn from 4 national studies conducted between 1988 and 2011. Each asked how often a kindergarten-aged child was spanked in the past week and what the parents would do if the child misbehaved, with physical discipline, time-out, and talking to child as possible responses. We use regression models to estimate parents’ responses to these questions at the 90th, 50th, and 10th percentiles of the income and education distributions and t tests to compare estimates across cohorts.

RESULTS:
The proportion of mothers at the 50th income-percentile who endorse physical discipline decreased from 46% to 21% over time. Gaps between the 90th and 10th income-percentiles were stable at 11 and 18 percentage points in 1988 and 2011. The percentage of mothers at the 10th income-percentile endorsing time-outs increased from 51% to 71%, and the 90/10 income gap decreased from 23 to 14 percentage points between 1998 and 2011.

CONCLUSIONS:
Decline in popular support for physical discipline reflects real changes in parents’ discipline strategies. These changes have occurred at all socioeconomic levels, producing for some behaviors a significant reduction in socioeconomic differences.
A Study on the Rapid Parameter Estimation and the Grey Prediction in Richards Model
Authors: Wang Xiaoying , Liu Sixia , Huang Yuan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Richards model is a nonlinear curve with four parameters. Usually, the estimation of parameters in Richard model is complicated; and there is little literature on the gray prediction in Richards model is found. Facing these problems, this paper presents a algorithm consisting of the following steps: First, replacing approximately the original data with an arithmetic sequence to rapidly estimate the four parameters of Richards model; then, using them as the initial values to fit the original data by nonlinear least squares, the optimized parameters of Richards model are obtained. The algorithm along with “Kernel” and “IAGO” principles are used for the prediction of grey Richards model. The results from the experiments show that the above algorithms have good practicability and research value.
Retrospective and Prospective Analysis on the Trends of China’s Steel Production
Authors: Xuan Yanni , Yue Qiang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEconomic development has contributed to the rapid expansion of China's steel industry during the past two decades, which has resulted in numerous problems including increased energy consumption and excessive environmental pollution. This study examines changes in crude steel production, steel scrap consumption, energy consumption, CO2emissions and steel stocks per capita from 2000 to 2014. Scenario analysis based on QGT equation is provided to accurately assess China's steel demand. Under three different scenarios, the peak of steel production and the variation trend of energy consumption, CO2emissions, steel stocks per capita and steel scrap are analyzed from 2010 to 2030. Based on Chinese situation, the most reasonable variation trend of China's steel production is proposed, which will increase from 626.7 Mt in 2010 to approximately 914 Mt in 2020, then gradually decrease to about 870 Mt in 2030. Steel stocks per capita will increase from 3.8 t/cap in 2010 to 8.09 t/cap in 2020 (the inferior limit of completing industrialization), then reach 11.46 t/cap in 2030 and stabilize. The peaks of energy consumption and CO2emissions in steel industry are expected to reach 505.37 Mtce and 1444.1 Mt in 2020, respectively. The scrap ratio is expected to reach 0.36 by 2030, when steel scrap resources will be relatively sufficient. This paper can provide corresponding theoretical basis for the government to make decision-making of macro-control.
Quantiles on Stream: An Application to Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Wang Wei , Ching Wai-Ki , Wang Shouyang , Yu Lean 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMonte Carlo simulation is an efficient method to estimate quantile. However, it becomes a serious problem when a huge sample size is required but the memory is insufficient. In this paper, we apply the stream quantile algorithm to Monte Carlo simulation in order to estimate quantile with limited memory. A rigorous theoretical analysis on the properties of theϵn-approximate quantile is proposed in this paper. We prove that ifϵn=o(n-1/2), then theϵn-approximateα-quantile computed by any deterministic stream quantile algorithm is a consistent and asymptotically normal estimator of the true quantileqα. We suggest settingϵn= 1/(n1/2log10n) in practice. Two deterministic stream quantile algorithms, including of GK algorithm and ZW algorithm, are employed to illustrate the performance of theϵn-approximate quantile. The numerical example shows that the deterministic stream quantile algorithm can provide desired estimator of the true quantile with less memory.
Empirical Analysis of AH-Shares
Authors: Yao Hongxing , Zhou Kejuan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Recent studies of correlations in Chinese stock market have mainly focused on the static correlations in financial time series, and then we pay great attention to investigate their dynamic evolution of correlations. Our paper reports on topology of 41 AH-shares companies traded on Shanghai and Hong Kong Stock Exchange in Chinese stock market. We apply the concept of minimum spanning tree (MST) and hierarchical tree (HT) to analyze and reveal the dynamic evolution of correlations between different market sectors for the period 2008–2014. From these trees, we can detect that significantly industry clustering effects are in the stock network. We measure the linkage of different companies geared to different industrial sectors. We observe the evolution of AH-shares companies in the stock network based on the moving window technique and investigate the correlations by calculating the correlation coefficient distribution, mean correlation coefficient and mean distance of these companies with time. Therefore, through our analysis, we find that companies working in the same branch of production tend to make up cluster. The results present the difference and similarity between different industry sectors in different time periods.
Reliability Analysis of Multi-State Engine Units Utilizing Time-Domain Response Data
Authors: FANG Yongfeng , TAO Wenliang , TEE Kong Fah 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
A novel reliability-based approach has been developed for multi-state engine systems. Firstly, the output power of the engine is discretized and modeled as a discrete-state continuous-time Markov random process. Secondly, the multi-state Markov model is established. According to the observed data, the transition intensity is determined. Thirdly, the proposed method is extended to compute the forced outage rate and the expected engine capacity deficiency based on time response. The proposed method can therefore be used for forecasting and monitoring the reliability of the multi-state engine utilizing time-domain response data. It is illustrated that the proposed method is practicable, feasible and gives reasonable prediction which conforms to the engineering practice.
Empirical Analysis in the Relationship Between the Consumption and Economic Growth Based on the Structural Equation Model
Authors: Zhang Erxin , Yang Wancai 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper constructs the relationship between consumption and economic growth by a structure equation model and uses the provincial panel data of 29 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) from 1992 to 2010 in China, using maximum likelihood estimation method to analyze empirically the relationship between the consumption and economic growth in China. The result shows that the path coefficients between consumptions and economic growth are all positive, that suggests the consumption has significant positive effects on the economic growth. Also in this paper, it gives a new try to use a structural equation model to research the relationship between consumption and economic growth.
Group MCP for Cox Models with Time-Varying Coefficients
Authors: Xie Xiaodong , Zheng Shaozhi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCox’s proportional hazard models with time-varying coefficients have much flexibility for modeling the dynamic of covariate effects. Although many variable selection procedures have been developed for Coxs proportional hazard model, the study of such models with time-varying coefficients appears to be limited. The variable selection methods involving nonconvex penalty function, such as the minimax concave penalty (MCP), introduces numerical challenge, but they still have attractive theoretical properties and were indicated that they are worth to be alternatives of other competitive methods. We propose a group MCP method that uses B-spline basis to expand coefficients and maximizes the log partial likelihood with nonconvex penalties on regression coefficients in groups. A fast, iterative group shooting algorithm is carried out for model selection and estimation. Under some appropriate conditions, the simulated example shows that our method performs competitively with the group lasso method. By comparison, the group MCP method and group lasso select the same amount of important covariates, but group MCP method tends to outperform the group lasso method in selection of unimportant covariates.
Anaerobically Incubated Nitrogen Improved Nitrogen Diagnosis in Corn
Authors: Orcellet Juan , Reussi Calvo Nahuel Ignacio , Sainz Rozas Hernán Rene , Wyngaard Nicolás , Echeverría Hernán E. 
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas
Traditional corn N diagnostic methods (pre‐plant nitrate N test and pre‐sidedress nitrate N test) only account for mineral N.
Objective: to improve N diagnostic methods by considering N mineralization.
Pre‐plant nitrate N test and pre‐sidedress nitrate N test were improved by anaerobic‐N (Nan) in areas with similar soil/climates.
Models combining Nan, texture and temperature improved pre‐plant nitrate N test and pre‐sidedress nitrate N test in all areas.
Current N diagnostic methods for corn (Zea mays L.) are often based on the nitrate nitrogen (NO3−–N) concentration before planting (pre‐plant nitrate test, PPNT) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−–N) concentration at V6 stage (PSNT). These tests provide scant information on soil N mineralization during the growing season, which can supply a considerable proportion of corn N requirements. The objective of our study was to evaluate if in‐season N recommendations could be improved by inclusion of a N mineralization potential estimator. We conducted field experiments (n = 35) in three different areas and in two planting dates. At each site we evaluated PPNT, PSNT, and NH4–N released during anaerobic incubation (Nan), which were then related to corn yield in unfertilized plots (0N) and corn response to nitrogen fertilization (Nresp%) using multiple regression analysis. The sole incorporation of Nan to PPNT and PSNT models improved their capacity to predict corn yield in 0N plots and Nresp% only in areas with similar edaphic‐climatic characteristics. Independently of the geographical region, when PPNT and PSNT were combined with Nan, texture, and temperature, their capacity to predict yield in 0N plots was increased (PPNT: from R2 0.02–0.47; PSNT: from R2 0.09–0.53), as it was their capacity to estimate Nresp% (PPNT: from R2 0.06–0.23; PSNT: from R2 0.19–0.42). The inclusion of Nan can improve traditional N diagnostic models when it is combined with edaphic/climatic properties that account for the mineralization rate of this N pool.
Comparison of Satellite Imagery and Ground‐Based Active Optical Sensors as Yield Predictors in Sugar Beet, Spring Wheat, Corn, and Sunflower
Authors: Bu H. , Sharma L. K. , Denton A. , Franzen D. W. 
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas
Satellite imagery could be used to predict yield the study crops.
Satellite imagery could be used to screen fields for in‐season N application.
Obtaining satellite imagery early enough in the season to screen fields for in‐season N is a problem.
Algorithms using active‐optical (AO) sensors have been developed to direct in‐season N application to crops. Many farmers in the United States have a large number of farm fields to manage. Farmers using AO technology must visit each field and operate the sensor across the entire field in order to conduct in‐season N application. A field might be driven over with an on‐the‐go N fertilizer applicator, but the application might not be required. The objective of this study was to determine whether satellite imagery might be used to predict yield in sugar beet, spring wheat, corn and sunflower similar to the yield prediction possible using AO sensors. If so, the algorithms produced could be used to select fields that would benefit from in‐season N application. Two N‐rate studies in sugar beet, spring wheat, corn and sunflower, were conducted with experimental unit size of 9 by 9 m large enough to fit a satellite pixel of 5 by 5 m size within each unit. The AO sensor and satellite imagery data were related to yield of sugar beet, spring wheat, corn and sunflower in some site‐years. The problem is the ability to acquire the satellite imagery early enough in the season to be useful as a screening tool. These results indicate that even though satellite imagery could be used as a field screening tool, a better option may be to mount an AO sensor on a farm implement for an early season activity, or to explore the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Temperate Grassland Yields and Nitrogen Uptake Are Influenced by Fertilizer Nitrogen Source
Authors: Harty Mary A. , Forrestal Patrick J. , Carolan Rachael , Watson Catherine J. , Hennessy Deirdre , Lanigan Gary J. , Wall David P. , Richards Karl G. 
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas
CAN is a widely used form of straight N in Western Europe.
Urea+NBPT consistently delivered equal yields and N uptake compared with CAN.
CAN had higher N uptake than urea in 2 of 6 site‐years, but yields were not different.
NBPT increased the N uptake of urea in 2 of 6 site‐years but had no effect on yield.
Urea+DCD had lower yield and N uptake than CAN in 3 and 4 of 6 site‐years, respectively.
In temperate grasslands, N source influences greenhouse gas emissions. Nitrification and urea hydrolysis inhibitors can reduce these losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of N source, urease inhibitors, and nitrification inhibitors on temperate grassland yields and N uptake. Experiments were conducted at three locations over 2 years (6 site‐years) on the island of Ireland, covering a range of soils and climatic conditions. Results showed that calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), urea+N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), urea+NBPT+dicyandiamide (DCD), and urea had equal annual dry matter yield. Urea+DCD had lower dry matter yield than CAN for 3 site‐years. Calcium ammonium nitrate and urea+NBPT consistently had the same N uptake, urea+DCD had lower N uptake than CAN in 4 of 6 site‐years, urea had lower N uptake than CAN in 2 site‐years, and urea+NBPT+DCD had lower N uptake than CAN in 1 site‐year. Urea+NBPT is a cost‐effective alternative to CAN, which is consistently equal in terms of yield and N uptake in temperate grassland.
Ammonia Volatilization from Urea Treated with NBPT and Two Nitrification Inhibitors
Authors: Frame William 
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas
A comparison of ammonia volatilization from granular urea treated with two commercially available nitrification inhibitors and the interaction with the urease inhibitor, NBPT.
Nitrification inhibitors increased ammonia volatilization from surface‐applied granular urea compared to untreated urea.
When treating urea with nitrification inhibitors, a urease inhibitor should be applied to reduce ammonia volatilization losses.
Soil type specific recommendations may be needed when applying nitrification/urease inhibitors to urea in order to maximize N use efficiency.
Nitrification inhibitors reduce the rate of transformation of ammonium to nitrate, which may increase ammonia volatilization from urea‐based N fertilizers. The objective of this study was to quantify ammonia volatilization from surface‐applied granular urea treated with combinations of NBPT and the nitrification inhibitors, DCD and nitrapyrin, under controlled laboratory conditions for three soils. Nine laboratory trials evaluated select combinations of application rates for NBPT, DCD, and nitrapyrin‐treated urea. Trials were conducted on three soils selected for differences in pH, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Cumulative N loss as ammonia from untreated granular urea was 40.1, 44.5, and 38.2% of applied N for the Raub, Wheeling, and Pella soils, respectively. When the urease inhibitor, NBPT was applied alone at 900 mg NBPT kg−1 urea, N loss through volatilization was reduced 48.5, 43.3, and 77.9% for the Raub, Wheeling and Pella soil types, respectively. Of the soil tested, cation exchange, texture, and organic matter had the greatest impact on the rate and cumulative ammonia loss from surface‐applied untreated urea and urea treated with the urease/nitrification inhibitors. Nitrification inhibitors prevented the conversion of ammonium to nitrate by DCD and nitrapyrin, increasing ammonia losses of N in five out of six trials compared to untreated urea. When using nitrification inhibitors with surface‐applied urea, ammonia losses were decreased with the application of NBPT as well.
Fentanyl‐induced suppression of transcranial Motor Evoked Potentials (tcMEPs)
Authors: Bican Orhan , Lopez Jaime , Cho Charles , Nguyen Viet , Le Scheherazade , Lee Leslie 
Published: November 2016

SummaryA child with Hurlers syndrome and severe kyphosis underwent kyphectomy and posterior spinal fusion under TIVA with propofol and remifentanil. The patient was given boluses of intravenous fentanyl (25 mcg) at three separate time points during the course of surgery, each resulting in suppression of the transcranial motor evoked potential (tcMEP) amplitudes by greater than 50% and lasting for approximately 30 minutes. One bolus resulted in near loss of tcMEP responses during screw placement. This case highlights the previously undescribed potential of fentanyl to result in isolated critical suppression of tcMEP amplitudes.