bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensional assessment of schizotypal, psychotic, and other psychiatric traits in children and their parents: development and validation of the Childhood Oxford‐Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences on a representative US sample
Authors: Evans David W. , Lusk Laina G. , Slane Mylissa M. , Michael Andrew M. , Myers Scott M. , Uljarević Mirko , Mason Oliver , Claridge Gordon , Frazier Thomas 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundHealthy functioning relies on a variety of perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral abilities that are distributed throughout the normal population. Variation in these traits define the wide range of neurodevelopmental (NDD) and neuropsychiatric (NPD) disorders. Here, we introduce a new measure for assessing these traits in typically developing children and children at risk for NDD and NPD from age 2 to 18 years.MethodThe Childhood Oxford‐Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (CO‐LIFE) was created as a dimensional, parent‐report measure of schizotypal and psychotic traits in the general population. Parents of 2,786 children also self‐reported on an adapted version of the Oxford‐Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O‐LIFE‐US).ResultsThe CO‐LIFE resulted in continuous distributions for the total score and for each of three factor analytically‐derived subscales. Item response theory (IRT) analyses indicated strong reliability across the score range for the O‐LIFE‐US and the CO‐LIFE. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were high across all scales. Parent–child intraclass correlations were consistent with high heritability. The scales discriminated participants who reported a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis from those who reported no diagnosis. The O‐LIFE‐US and CO‐LIFE scores correlated positively with the Social Responsiveness Scale 2 (SRS‐2) indicating good convergent validity.ConclusionsLike the original O‐LIFE, the O‐LIFE‐US and the CO‐LIFE are valid and reliable tools that reflect the spectrum of psychiatric and schizotypal traits in the general population. Such scales are necessary for conducting family studies that aim to examine a range of psychological and behavioral traits in both children and adults and are well‐suited for the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative of the NIMH.
STOCK‐FLOW CONSISTENT MACROECONOMIC MODELS: A SURVEY
Authors: Nikiforos Michalis , Zezza Gennaro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe stock‐flow consistent (SFC) modelling approach, grounded in the pioneering work of Wynne Godley and James Tobin in the 1970s, has been adopted by a growing number of researchers in macroeconomics, especially after the publication of Monetary Economics by Godley and Lavoie, which provided a general framework for the analysis of whole economic systems, and the recognition that macroeconomic models integrating real markets with flow‐of‐funds analysis had been particularly successful in predicting the Great Recession of 2007–2009. We introduce the general features of the SFC approach for a closed economy, showing how the core model has been extended to address issues such as financialization and income distribution. We next discuss the implications of the approach for models of open economies and compare the methodologies adopted in developing SFC empirical models for whole countries. We review the contributions where the SFC approach is being adopted as the macroeconomic closure of microeconomic agent‐based models, and how the SFC approach is at the core of new research in ecological macroeconomics. Finally, we discuss the appropriateness of the name ‘SFC’ for the class of models we survey.
FINANCIALIZATION AND INVESTMENT: A SURVEY OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE
Authors: Davis Leila E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn expanding literature analyses the implications of the post‐1980 expansion of finance in advanced economies – a process summarized as ‘financialization’ – for capital accumulation. This paper surveys the empirical literature on financialization and investment to take stock of where we are and to identify questions for further research. Because ‘financialization’ is widely recognized to be ambiguously defined, I first introduce empirical indicators of financialization in this literature. This categorization elucidates three approaches to measuring financialization in the context of investment. The first two approaches emphasize rising income flows between nonfinancial corporations (NFCs) and finance: first, growth in NFCs’ financial incomes and, second, growth in NFCs’ payments to creditors and shareholders. Rising financial profits are, notably, widely used to suggest financial assets and incomes ‘crowd out’ physical investment. I contend that these flow‐based indicators of financialization capture important relationships between changes in firm financial behaviour and investment, but also raise questions about determinants underlying NFCs’ changing portfolio and financing decisions. The third approach to defining financialization emphasizes the best‐developed behavioural explanation linking financialization to reduced investment: shareholder value orientation. In future research, scope remains for further attention to behavioural drivers of the empirical trends summarizing financialization.
Health‐related quality of life in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: The child's perspective
Authors: Joyce Patrick , O'Rourke Claudia , McDermott Brett , Heussler Helen 
Published: October 2017

AimThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS) is a genetic syndrome that results in a complex physical, behavioural and psychological phenotype. Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) is an established clinical outcome that has been minimally studied in children with 22qDS. The purpose of this study was to explore HRQOL among children and adolescents with 22qDS from the perspective of the child and to determine how their HRQOL measures compare to those of a healthy peer group and a chronic disease peer group.MethodsWe recruited individuals between the ages of 8 and 18 with a positive genetic diagnosis of 22qDS (n = 28) and a parent of the child. Participants completed the paired Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 questionnaires. Comparisons were made with a previous study of healthy and diseased children.ResultsChildren with 22qDS had a significantly poorer HRQOL when compared to age‐matched cohorts of healthy children and children with chronic disease. Within the study, there was variable proxy‐self agreement, and children with 22qDS reported lower HRQOL than adolescents with 22qDS.ConclusionThis study is the first to explore HRQOL from the perspective of the child with 22qDS, and our findings support the existing literature that this condition is associated with a poor HRQOL.
Comparison of methods to estimate glomerular filtration rate in paediatric oncology patients
Authors: Llanos‐Paez Carolina C , Staatz Christine , Lawson Rachael , Hennig Stefanie 
Published: October 2017

AimsGlomerular filtration rate (GFR) is estimated daily in paediatric oncology patients; however, few equations, particularly ones that do not include serum creatinine, have been evaluated in this population. We aimed to compare the predictive performance of different equations available to estimate GFR in paediatric oncology patients.MethodsGFR was measured (mGFR) in paediatric oncology patients based on a chromium 51‐labeled ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid excretion test. GFR was estimated (eGFR) in these same patients using equations identified from the literature. mGFR and eGFR values were compared, and the predictive performance of various eGFR equations was assessed in terms of their bias, precision and accuracy.ResultsIn total, 124 mGFR values ranging from 7 to 146 mL/min were available for analysis from 73 children. Twenty‐two equations were identified from the literature. The Flanders metadata equation displayed the lowest absolute bias (mean error of 0.9 mL/min) and the greatest precision (root mean square error of 13.1 mL/min). The univariate Schwartz equation predicted the highest percentage (81.5%) of eGFR values within 30% of mGFR values, and the Rhodin fat‐free mass equation predicted the highest percentage (37.1%) of eGFR values within 10% of mGFR values.ConclusionsA number of equations were identified that could be used to estimate renal function in paediatric oncology patients; however, none was found to be highly accurate. The Flanders metadata equation and univariate Schwartz performed the best in this study, and we would suggest that these two equations may be used cautiously in paediatric oncology patients for clinical decision making, understanding their limitations.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the upper airway in patients with quadriplegia and obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: O'donoghue Fergal J. , Meaklim Hailey , Bilston Lynne , Hatt Alice , Connelly Alan , Jackson Graeme , Farquharson Shawna , Sutherland Kate , Cistulli Peter A. , Brown Douglas J. , Berlowitz David J. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate upper airway anatomy in quadriplegics with obstructive sleep apnea. Fifty subjects were recruited from three hospitals in Australia: people with quadriplegia due to spinal cord injury and obstructive sleep apnea (n = 11), able‐bodied people with obstructive sleep apnea (n = 18), and healthy, able‐bodied controls (n = 19). All underwent 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of their upper airway. A subgroup (n = 34) received a topical vasoconstrictor, phenylephrine and post‐phenylephrine magnetic resonance imaging. Mixed‐model analysis indicated no significant differences in total airway lumen volume between the three groups (P = 0.086). Spinal cord injury–obstructive sleep apnea subjects had a significantly larger volume of soft palate (P = 0.020) and retroglossal lateral pharyngeal walls (P = 0.043) than able‐bodied controls. Able‐bodied–obstructive sleep apnea subjects had a smaller mandible volume than spinal cord injury–obstructive sleep apnea subjects and able‐bodied control subjects (P = 0.036). No differences were seen in airway length between groups when controlling for height (P = 0.055). There was a marginal increase in velopharyngeal volume across groups post‐phenylephrine (P = 0.050), and post hoc testing indicated the difference was confined to the able‐bodied–obstructive sleep apnea group (P < 0.001). No other upper airway structures showed significant changes with phenylephrine administration. In conclusion, people with obstructive sleep apnea and quadriplegia do not have a structurally smaller airway than able‐bodied subjects. They did, however, have greater volumes of soft palate and lateral pharyngeal walls, possibly due to greater neck fat deposition. The acute response to upper airway topical vasoconstriction was not enhanced in those with obstructive sleep apnea and quadriplegia. Changes in upper airway anatomy likely contribute to the high incidence in obstructive sleep apnea in quadriplegic subjects.
Effects of late‐night short‐sleep on in‐home polysomnography: relation to adult age and sex
Authors: Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Lekander Mats , Nilsonne Gustav , Tamm Sandra , D'onofrio Paolo , Kecklund Göran , Fischer Håkan , Schwarz Johanna 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBedtime is frequently delayed by many factors in life, and a homeostatic response to the delay may compensate partly for increased time awake and shortened sleep. Because sleep becomes shorter with age and women complain of disturbed sleep more often than men, age and sex differences in the homeostatic response to a delayed bedtime may modify the homeostatic response. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of late‐night short‐sleep (3 h with awakening at about 07:00 hours) on in‐home recorded sleep in men and women in two age groups (20–30 and 65–75 years). Results (N = 59) showed that late‐night short‐sleep was associated with an increase in percentage of N3 sleep and a decrease in percentage of rapid eye movement sleep, as well as decreases in several measures of sleep discontinuity and rapid eye movement density. Men showed a smaller decrease in percentage of rapid eye movement sleep than women in response to late‐night short‐sleep, as did older individuals of both sexes compared with younger. Older men showed a weaker percentage of N3 sleep in response to late‐night short‐sleep than younger men. In general, men showed a greater percentage of rapid eye movement sleep and a lower percentage of N3 sleep than women, and older individuals showed a lower percentage of N3 sleep than younger. In particular, older men showed very low levels of percentage of N3 sleep. We conclude that older males show less of a homeostatic response to late‐night short‐sleep. This may be an indication of impaired capacity for recovery in older men. Future studies should investigate if this pattern can be linked to gender‐associated differences in morbidity and mortality.
Assessment of serum Golgi protein 73 as a biomarker for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis in patients with chronic HBV infection
Authors: Cao Z. , Li Z. , Wang Y. , Liu Y. , Mo R. , Ren P. , Chen L. , Lu J. , Li H. , Zhuang Y. , Liu Y. , Wang X. , Zhao G. , Tang W. , Xiang X. , Wang H. , Cai W. , Liu L. , Zhu C. , Bao S. , Xie Q. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryTransient elastography (TE) is accurate in staging fibrosis noninvasively. However, a reliable serum biomarker with comparable accuracy is also important, especially when TE is unreliable/unavailable. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) for significant fibrosis in patients with chronic HBV infection. A total of 801 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD; 492 chronic HBV infection and 309 non‐HBV liver disease) with liver biopsy performance were enrolled. Healthy controls (n = 180) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients (n = 85) were included for comparisons. Liver biopsy was used as the reference method for fibrosis staging. Serum GP73 level was measured in duplicate in double‐blind fashion. Serum GP73 was highest in HCC but also significantly higher in chronic hepatitis B than in healthy controls. The elevation of serum GP73 in non‐HCC patients was significantly associated with the presence of significant fibrosis independently of ALT level, liver stiffness (LS) value, inflammation grade and other confounding factors. The diagnostic performance of serum GP73 was accurate in antiviral‐naïve HBV patients (area under the receiver operating curve [AUROC], 0.76 95% CI: 0.72‐0.81) but not in patients with ongoing antiviral treatment (AUROC, 0.60). The utility of serum GP73 was also confirmed in non‐HBV CLD (AUROC, 0.80 95% CI: 0.75‐0.85). Serum GP73 was comparable to LS (AUROC, 0.78 95% CI: 0.73‐0.82) and significantly better than AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) (AUROC, 0.67 95% CI: 0.62‐0.72) and FIB‐4 (AUROC, 0.68 95% CI: 0.63‐0.73). In conclusion, serum GP73 is an accurate serum marker for significant fibrosis in chronic HBV infection, with higher accuracy than APRI and FIB‐4. Serum GP73 is potentially a complementary tool for TE when evaluating the necessity of antiviral treatment, particularly in patients without definite antiviral indication.
Telbivudine therapy for gravidas with chronic hepatitis B infection and patients at risk of renal impairment
Authors: Liu J. , Chen T. , Zhao Y. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryHepatitis B virus infection is currently the most important cause of chronic viral hepatitis worldwide and is one of the most frequent causes of end‐stage liver disease. With the international implementation of the hepatitis B vaccine and combined prophylaxis for infants born toHBsAg(+) mothers, the prevalence of hepatitis B has decreased remarkably. However, intra‐uterine transmission has become a critical bottleneck for eliminating hepatitis B infection. The efficacy of nucleos(t)ide analogs on inhibiting hepatitis B replication has been widely confirmed, and the quality of life and the survival of individuals with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have improved to a great degree. However, with the availability of long‐term antiviral treatment and the ever increasing ageing population, renal disorders should be considered when choosing antiviral medicines. The antiviral efficacy and safety of telbivudine (LdT) have been shown in patients withCHBinfection, and LdT is approved as a class B drug for pregnancy. Furthermore, the renal protective function of LdT has been demonstrated recently. In this review, we will focus on the efficacy and safety of LdT in gravidas withCHBinfection, as well as the renal protective function of LdT inCHBpatients. LdT might provide physicians with a solid option for effectively treating patients withCHB, especially gravidas or those either with or at risk of renal impairment.
Improvement of telbivudine on renal function and massive proteinuria: A case report
Authors: Liu J. , Yao N. , Zhao Y. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe quality of life and extended survival of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), especially those with decompensated liver cirrhosis, has been improved markedly with nucleos(t)ide analogs treatment. In such conditions, the influence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and antiviral agents on renal function becomes a consideration with long‐term use and ageing. Membranous glomerulonephritis has been confirmed as the most common histological renal lesion. In this study, we reported a CHB patient with decompensated cirrhosis showing a significant improvement in massive proteinuria along with elevation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after 1 year treatment with telbivudine. However, a well‐designed study should be performed to confirm the causal association, and the molecular mechanism needs further investigation.
Comparison of 208‐week sequential therapy with telbivudine and entecavir in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients with suboptimal responses to 24 weeks of Peg‐IFNα‐2a therapy: An open‐labelled, randomized, controlled, “real‐life” trial
Authors: Luo X. D. , Chen X. F. , Zhou Y. , Chen X. P. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of 208‐week sequential therapy with telbivudine and entecavir in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with suboptimal responses to 24 weeks of Peg‐IFNα‐2a therapy. This was an open‐label, randomized, controlled, “real‐life” trial. HBeAg‐positive CHB patients with serum HBV DNA ≥5.0 lg IU/mL and a < 1 lg IU/mL decline of HBsAg level from baseline who underwent at least 24 weeks of Peg‐IFNα‐2a therapy were included. Enrolled patients were randomized to receive either telbivudine (600 mg/d, n = 95) or entecavir (0.5 mg/d, n = 95) for 208 consecutive weeks. Six patients were lost to follow‐up (4 patients in the telbivudine group and 2 in the entecavir group). Treatment was combined with adefovir when week 24 HBV DNA levels declined to <2 lg IU/mL versus baseline, when viral breakthrough occurred during treatment,or when HBV DNA remained detectable at 52 weeks (HBV DNA ≥500 IU/mL). Responses and safety were assessed after 208 weeks of treatment. There were no significant differences among the baseline characteristics, including age, gender, and ALT, HBV DNA, HBsAg or HBeAg levels. After 208 weeks of treatment, there was no significant difference in the rates of undetectable HBV DNA (HBV DNA<500 IU/mL) between the telbivudine group and the entecavir group (84/91,92.31% vs 88/93,94.62%, respectively, P = .525). More patients in the telbivudine group than the entecavir group achieved HBeAg clearance (74.73% vs 46.24%, respectively, P < .001) and HBeAg seroconversion (64.84% vs 38.71%, respectively, P < .001). Univariate analysis (Enter, a = 0.05) of both groups showed that telbivudine, male gender and baseline HBeAg levels were significantly correlated with HBeAg seroconversion after 208 weeks of sequential therapy. Cox regression analysis (Enter, a = 0.05) of the telbivudine group showed that the HBeAg seroconversion rate at 208 weeks was significantly correlated with gender (male) (P = .006, HR=4.406), baseline HBeAg level (P = .005, HR=0.433) and 24 w‐HBeAg level reduction of more than 0.5 lg IU/ml from baseline (P = .027, HR=0.487). All patients tolerated sequential telbivudine treatment; only slightly elevated creatine kinase levels were observed. Stratification analysis found that patients with baseline HBeAg levels less than 3 lg COI who switched to telbivudine may have had significantly improved HBeAg seroconversion rates. In conclusion, telbivudine promotes HBeAg seroconversion that merits investigation in HBeAg‐positive CHB patients with suboptimal responses to 24 weeks of Peg‐IFNα‐2a therapy. We would suggest that patients with baseline HBeAg levels under 3 lg COI switch to telbivudine to achieve higher HBeAg seroconversion rates and use the early reductions in HBeAg levels (24 weeks) to guide treatment.
The experience of management of chronic hepatitis B in China
Authors: Ren H. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryDuring the past 30 years, with the possible biggest population with chronic HBV infection in the world, the physicians and scientists in China have unique experience in the fight against HBV. Even though some drugs are not recommended anymore, but this kind of experience are very helpful for the development of new medicine and strategy against HBV.
Corticosterone levels and immunological indices in stressed juvenile broad‐snouted caimans
Authors: Moleón M. S. , Parachú Marcó M. V. , Pietrobon E. O. , Jahn G. A. , Beldomenico P. M. , Siroski P. A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe effect of stress in wild vertebrates has been little investigated, especially in crocodilians. In the wild, crocodilians face numerous stressors such as climatic factors, toxicant exposure, and infection. Exposure to stressors may affect the physiological processes of crocodilians, with consequences on its fitness and survival. We experimentally investigated the effect of a 4‐week exposure to environmental challenges (food restriction, water restriction and high temperature) on growth, immunological investment and corticosterone levels of juvenileCaiman latirostris. White blood cells counts, natural antibody (NAb) levels and complement system activity were evaluated to characterize the influence of those treatments on the immune system. We found deprivation of food resulted in reduction in growth and body condition, whereas high temperature had a beneficial effect on the variables measured. Individuals exposed to heat treatment (37 ± 1°C) grew more, and obtained better body condition, higherNAb levels, and significantly lower corticosterone levels relative to caimans in all other groups. Food restricted caimans also illustrated higherNAb levels. Our findings suggest thatC. latirostrisjuveniles are able to tolerate environmental stressors and they are even favored by high temperatures.