bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left Periphery of the Clause: Primarily Illustrated for Italian
Authors: Rizzi Luigi , Bocci Giuliano 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe analysis of the left periphery was one of the first topics of the research program referred to as “the cartography of syntactic structures.” This program is based on the observation that syntactic representations are complex structures consisting of sequences of hierarchically organized functional elements. Drawing detailed maps of such structures has been shown to have valuable heuristic power in the investigation of how syntactic structures interact with principles constraining syntactic computations and the interfaces with sound and meaning.The study of the left periphery has been extensively pursued in the last years. The strategy initially adopted, in the mid 1990s, has been to analyze in great detail the left periphery in a language, Italian; then, the initial map based on Italian was used as a benchmark for comparative analyses, starting the comparison with closely related languages, and progressively extending it to typologically and historically distant languages.In this case study we retrace this development, starting from the initial map based on Italian, in the context of the early cartographic studies. We then move to extensions and modifications, addressing specific points in which the cross‐linguistic evidence has played a key role. We dwell on the criterial approach, according to which the left periphery of the clause is populated by a sequence of functional heads (Top, Foc, Q, etc.) attracting phrases with matching features, and guiding the interpretation of such configurations at the interfaces with sound and meaning. We subsequently address some interpretive properties of topic and focus structures at the interfaces in connection with the assignment of the prosodic properties and the proper use in discourse. The case study concludes with a discussion of the parametrizations which must be assumed and of the prospects of tracing back the observed properties to deeper explanatory principles of syntactic computation.
Human adaptation to arsenic in Andean populations of the Atacama Desert
Authors: Apata Mario , Arriaza Bernado , Llop Elena , Moraga Mauricio 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesQuebrada Camarones, in the Atacama Desert, has the highest arsenic levels in the Americas (>1,000 µg/L). However, the Camarones people have subsisted in this adverse environment during the last 7,000 years and have not presented any epidemiological emergencies. Therefore, to solve this conundrum we compared the frequencies of four protective genetic variants of the AS3MT gene associated with efficient arsenic metabolization, between the living populations of Camarones and two other populations historically exposed to lower levels of arsenic.Materials and MethodsThe Chilean selected population samples come from Quebrada Camarones (n = 50) and the Azapa Valley (n = 47) in the north and San Juan de la Costa (n = 45) in southern Chile. The genotyping was conducted using PCR‐RFLP. We compared the genotypic and allelic frequencies, and estimated the haplotype frequencies in the AS3MT gene.ResultsWe found higher frequencies of the protective variants in those people from Camarones than in the other two populations. The haplotype estimation showed that the combination of protective variants of CTTA is very frequent in Camarones (68%) and Azapa (48%), but extremely low in San Juan de la Costa (8%). Also, the C variant associated with toxicity risks in the SNP Met287Thr had a lower frequency in Camarones (1%) and is higher in the other populations.DiscussionThe higher frequency of protective variants in both northern Chilean populations indicates a long exposure to naturally arsenic‐contaminated water sources. Our data suggest that a high arsenic metabolization capacity has been selected as an adaptive mechanism in these populations in order to survive in an arsenic‐laden environment.
Die erste stereoselektive Totalsynthese eines dimeren γ‐Lacton‐ anellierten Pyranonaphthochinons: (+)‐γ‐Actinorhodin
Authors: Neumeyer Markus , Brückner Reinhard 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUns gelang die erste Totalsynthese von einem isomerenreinen dimeren γ‐Lacton‐anellierten Pyranonaphthochinon, (+)‐γ‐Actinorhodin. Unsere elf Stufen umfassende Synthese nutzt zwei Mal ein Paar peri‐ständiger Methoxygruppen als Mediatoren einer ungewöhnlichen Selektivitätssteuerung durch einen weit entfernten Brom‐ oder Iodsubstituenten. Dessen Sperrigkeit gaben die Methoxygruppen an die beiden Naphthalinpositionen weiter, an denen wir Ar‐SE‐Reaktionen vornahmen. Das ermöglichte bei einer Kernbromierung eine perfekte Regiokontrolle und bei einer Oxa‐Pictet‐Spengler‐Cyclisierung die gewünschte Diastereokontrolle. Die Absolutkonfiguration unseres Zielmoleküls legte die Sharpless‐Dihydroxylierung eines β,γ‐ungesättigten Esters fest, der einer Heck‐Kupplung entstammte. Sie ergab den γ‐Hydroxylactonteil eines Bromnaphthalins, der als Substrat der Oxa‐Pictet‐Spengler‐Reaktion fungierte. Zum γ‐Actinorhodingerüst führte eine dimerisierende Suzuki‐Kupplung.
Research on rapid preparation and performance of polymethacrylimide foams
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐yong , Xu Miao‐jun , Li Bin 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTA high‐performance polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam was prepared from the reactive monomers of acrylonitrile (AN) and methacrylic acid (MAA) via ultrasonic combined with thermal initiation radical bulk copolymerization and free heat foaming. The reaction progress of cyano and carboxyl groups were tracked by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and the results indicated that the imide groups were formed and cyano groups gradually decreased during foaming and thermal treatment. The cell morphologies of the PMI foams were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the results showed the PMI foams were consisted of the honeycomb structure. The thermostability of the prepared PMI foam was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the results revealed that the PMI foam possessed excellent thermal stability and char forming capability. The mechanical properties of PMI foams were measured by tensile, flexural, and compressive strength, and the responding values for the PMI foams with the density of 32.30 kg m−3 were 0.71, 0.86, and 1.49 MPa, respectively, which demonstrated the obtained PMI foams presented superior mechanical properties. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44959.
Collagen Fiber Orientation in Primate Long Bones
Authors: Warshaw Johanna , Bromage Timothy G. , Terranova Carl J. , Enlow Donald H. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTStudies of variation in orientation of collagen fibers within bone have lead to the proposition that these are preferentially aligned to accommodate different kinds of load, with tension best resisted by fibers aligned longitudinally relative to the load, and compression best resisted by transversely aligned fibers. However, previous studies have often neglected to consider the effect of developmental processes, including constraints on collagen fiber orientation (CFO), particularly in primary bone. Here we use circularly polarized light microscopy to examine patterns of CFO in cross‐sections from the midshaft femur, humerus, tibia, radius, and ulna in a range of living primate taxa with varied body sizes, phylogenetic relationships and positional behaviors. We find that a preponderance of longitudinally oriented collagen is characteristic of both periosteal primary and intracortically remodeled bone. Where variation does occur among groups, it is not simply understood via interpretations of mechanical loads, although prioritized adaptations to tension and/or shear are considered. While there is some suggestion that CFO may correlate with body size, this relationship is neither consistent nor easily explicable through consideration of size‐related changes in mechanical adaptation. The results of our study indicate that there is no clear relationship between CFO and phylogenetic status. One of the principle factors accounting for the range of variation that does exist is primary tissue type, where slower depositing bone is more likely to comprise a larger proportion of oblique to transverse collagen fibers. Anat Rec, 300:1189–1207, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Digital Terrain Analysis Reveals New Insights into the Topographic Context of Australian Aboriginal Stone Arrangements
Authors: Law W. Boone , Slack Michael J. , Ostendorf Bertram , Lewis Megan M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSatellite‐derived surface elevation models are an important resource for landscape archaeological studies. Digital elevation data is useful for classifying land features, characterizing terrain morphology, and discriminating the geomorphic context of archaeological phenomena. This paper shows how remotely sensed elevation data obtained from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Advanced Land Observing Satellite was integrated with local land system spatial data to digitally classify the topographic slope position of seven broad land classes. The motivation of our research was to employ an objective method that would allow researchers to geomorphometrically discriminate the topographic context of Aboriginal stone arrangements, an important archaeological site type in the Pilbara region of northwest Australia. The resulting digital terrain model demonstrates that stone arrangement sites are strongly correlated with upper topographic land features, a finding that contradicts previous site recordings and fundamentally changes our understanding of where stone arrangement sites are likely to have been constructed. The outcome of this research provides investigators with a stronger foundation for testing hypotheses and developing archaeological models. To some degree, our results also hint at the possible functions of stone arrangements, which have largely remained enigmatic to researchers. © 2017 The Authors. Archaeological Prospection Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Intermittent and Successive ILC for Stochastic Nonlinear Systems with Random Data Dropouts
Authors: Shen Dong , Zhang Chao , Xu Yun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe iterative learning control (ILC) problem is addressed in this paper for stochastic nonlinear systems with random data dropouts. The data dropout is modeled by the conventional Bernoulli random variable to describe the successful transmission or loss. Both intermittent and successive ILC are considered, where the former stops updating if no information is received, while the latter keeps updating based on the latest available data. It is strictly proved the almost sure convergence of both algorithms. The simulations on a mechanical model are provided to show the comparisons and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Separating generalized anxiety disorder from major depression using clinical, hormonal, and structural MRI data: A multimodal machine learning study
Authors: Hilbert Kevin , Lueken Ulrike , Muehlhan Markus , Beesdo‐Baum Katja 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is difficult to recognize and hard to separate from major depression (MD) in clinical settings. Biomarkers might support diagnostic decisions. This study used machine learning on multimodal biobehavioral data from a sample of GAD, MD and healthy subjects to differentiate subjects with a disorder from healthy subjects (case‐classification) and to differentiate GAD from MD (disorder‐classification).MethodsSubjects with GAD (n = 19), MD without GAD (n = 14), and healthy comparison subjects (n = 24) were included. The sample was matched regarding age, sex, handedness and education and free of psychopharmacological medication. Binary support vector machines were used within a nested leave‐one‐out cross‐validation framework. Clinical questionnaires, cortisol release, gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM) volumes were used as input data separately and in combination.ResultsQuestionnaire data were well‐suited for case‐classification but not disorder‐classification (accuracies: 96.40%, p < .001; 56.58%, p > .22). The opposite pattern was found for imaging data (case‐classification GM/WM: 58.71%, p = .09/43.18%, p > .66; disorder‐classification GM/WM: 68.05%, p = .034/58.27%, p > .15) and for cortisol data (38.02%, p = .84; 74.60%, p = .009). All data combined achieved 90.10% accuracy (p < .001) for case‐classification and 67.46% accuracy (p = .0268) for disorder‐classification.ConclusionsIn line with previous evidence, classification of GAD was difficult using clinical questionnaire data alone. Particularly cortisol and GM volume data were able to provide incremental value for the classification of GAD. Findings suggest that neurobiological biomarkers are a useful target for further research to delineate their potential contribution to diagnostic processes.
Plasma oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers are associated with the sizes of the left atrium and pulmonary vein in atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Li Jin‐yi , He Yan , Ke Hong‐hong , Jin Yu , Jiang Zhi‐yuan , Zhong Guo‐qiang 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundOxidative stress and inflammatory processes are responsible for the pathogenesis of AF, but their relationship with the sizes of the LA and PVs in AF patients remains unclear.HypothesisOxidative stress and inflammatory processes are associated with the sizes of the LA and PVs in AF patients.Methods82 AF patients were compared to 30 control patients by using a case‐control study design. Oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers and the sizes of the LA and PVs were detected.Results(1) Hs‐CRP, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, MDA and ox‐LDL were higher, and SOD was lower in AF patients than in control patients. Hs‐CRP, MDA and ox‐LDL were higher in permanent AF patients than in paroxysmal and persistent AF patients. (2) CsA of LSPV, RSPV, RIPV, LAA and LAV were statistically higher in AF patients than in control patients. CsA of RSPV, LSPV, LIPV and LAV were higher in permanent AF patients than in paroxysmal and persistent AF patients. (3) In the AF group, hs‐CRP and TNF‐α were positively correlated with LAV; MDA was positively correlated with CsA of LAA, LSPV and LAV; SOD was passively correlated with CsA of LAA and LAV; ox‐LDL was positively correlated with CsA of LAA and LAV. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed hs‐CRP, ox‐LDL, RSPV CsA, LIPV CsA and LAV were associated with AF.ConclusionsOxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers and the sizes of the LA and PVs were significantly increased in AF patients. Hs‐CRP, ox‐LDL, RSPV CsA, LIPV CsA and LAV were associated with AF persistence.
Fast left ventricle tracking using localized anatomical affine optical flow
Authors: Queirós Sandro , Vilaça João L. , Morais Pedro , Fonseca Jaime C. , D'hooge Jan , Barbosa Daniel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn daily clinical cardiology practice, left ventricle (LV) global and regional function assessment is crucial for disease diagnosis, therapy selection, and patient follow‐up. Currently, this is still a time‐consuming task, spending valuable human resources. In this work, a novel fast methodology for automatic LV tracking is proposed based on localized anatomically constrained affine optical flow. This novel method can be combined to previously proposed segmentation frameworks or manually delineated surfaces at an initial frame to obtain fully delineated datasets and, thus, assess both global and regional myocardial function. Its feasibility and accuracy were investigated in 3 distinct public databases, namely in realistically simulated 3D ultrasound, clinical 3D echocardiography, and clinical cine cardiac magnetic resonance images. The method showed accurate tracking results in all databases, proving its applicability and accuracy for myocardial function assessment. Moreover, when combined to previous state‐of‐the‐art segmentation frameworks, it outperformed previous tracking strategies in both 3D ultrasound and cardiac magnetic resonance data, automatically computing relevant cardiac indices with smaller biases and narrower limits of agreement compared to reference indices. Simultaneously, the proposed localized tracking method showed to be suitable for online processing, even for 3D motion assessment. Importantly, although here evaluated for LV tracking only, this novel methodology is applicable for tracking of other target structures with minimal adaptations.
Spectral Approach to D‐bar Problems
Authors: Klein Christian , T‐R McLaughlin Kenneth D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe present the first numerical approach to D‐bar problems having spectral convergence for real analytic, rapidly decreasing potentials. The proposed method starts from a formulation of the problem in terms of an integral equation that is numerically solved with Fourier techniques. The singular integrand is regularized analytically. The resulting integral equation is approximated via a discrete system that is solved with Krylov methods. As an example, the D‐bar problem for the Davey‐Stewartson II equations is considered. The result is used to test direct numerical solutions of the PDE.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional consequences of realistic extinction scenarios inAmazonian soil food webs
Authors: Cárdenas Rafael E. , Donoso David A. , Argoti Adriana , Dangles Olivier 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGlobal biodiversity loss is creating a more urgent need to understand the role organisms play in ecosystem functioning and mechanisms of control. Decomposition of dead organic matter is a key ecological process that ensures soil formation, nutrient availability, and carbon sequestration. To gain understanding of how biodiversity and ecosystems function together to control leaf‐litter decomposition processes in a tropical rain forest (Yasuní National Park, Ecuador), we predicted the consequences of the decomposition process using a protocol in which we systematically disassemble the structural functionality of the soil macrofauna communities. We (1) describe the structure and function of the edaphic communities in detail and (2) explore the functional consequences of structural changes in these communities using a non‐random exclusion experiment to simulate body size‐related extinctions. To do this, we manipulated access of five size classes of soil invertebrates to eight types of plant leaf‐litter resources. After measuring and identifying about 4400 soil individuals belonging to 541 morphospecies, 12 functional groups, and following the fate of about 2000 tree leaves in a 50‐ha plot, we showed that (1) soil invertebrate communities were composed of a few common and many rare morphospecies that included mostly leaf‐litter transformer groups, with the most morphospecies and the greatest abundance coming from Hymenoptera, Collembola, and Coleoptera; (2) our survey captured 63–74% of the total soil biodiversity of the study area (meaning there may be up to 860 morphospecies); (3) litter transformers covered the widest range of body volume, and all groups were evenly distributed at small and large spatial scales (i.e., we found no patterns of spatial aggregation); (4) changes in food web structure significantly altered biomass loss for only three of the eight leaf‐litter treatments, suggesting the decomposition process was highly resistant to drastic changes such as size‐biased biodiversity loss independent of resource quality. We conclude organic matter decomposition may depend on all non‐additive effects that arise from multi‐species interactions, including facilitation, interspecific interference competition, and top‐down control that predators exert over detritivores at all body size ranges.
Progressive universalism? The impact of targeted coverage on health care access and expenditures in Peru
Authors: Neelsen Sven , O'Donnell Owen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLike other countries seeking a progressive path to universalism, Peru has attempted to reduce inequalities in access to health care by granting the poor entitlement to tax‐financed basic care without charge. We identify the impact of this policy by comparing the target population's change in health care utilization with that of poor adults already covered through employment‐based insurance. There are positive effects on receipt of ambulatory care and medication that are largest among the elderly and the poorest. The probability of getting formal health care when sick is increased by almost two fifths, but the likelihood of being unable to afford treatment is reduced by more than a quarter. Consistent with the shallow coverage offered, there is no impact on use of inpatient care. Neither is there any effect on average out‐of‐pocket health care expenditure, but medical spending is reduced by up to 25% in the top quarter of the distribution. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations of sleep problems with externalizing behaviors and preacademic performance: The moderating role of family socioeconomic status
Authors: Lam Chun Bun , Chung Kevin Kien Hoa 
Published: February 2017

Previous research has tended to measure sleep problems as an aggregated construct and neglected the potential moderating role of family socioeconomic status (SES). Also, most research has been conducted with school‐aged children and adolescents from European and European–American families. This study filled some of these gaps in the literature by examining whether family SES moderated the associations of bedtime resistance, parasomnia, and disordered breathing with externalizing behaviors and preacademic performance in a community sample of Chinese families with preschool children. Four hundred eighty‐six parents from Hong Kong, China, provided questionnaire data on their preschool children's sleep and adjustment. Hierarchical regression analyses evaluated the associations of sleep problems and child adjustment, controlling for demographic factors. Interaction terms were entered to examine whether the associations varied by family SES, as indexed by family income. Results suggested that bedtime resistance, parasomnia, and disordered breathing were positively and uniquely associated with externalizing behaviors. Bedtime resistance was positively associated with externalizing behaviors and negatively associated with preacademic performance in low‐, but not high‐, SES families. Discussion highlighted the utility of a multidimensional approach to studying sleep problems and the potential moderating roles of environmental stressors when examining the impact of sleep on adjustment.Highlights

This study examined the associations of sleep problems with externalizing behaviors and preacademic performance.
Four hundred eighty‐six Chinese parents provided questionnaire data on their children's sleep and adjustment. Bedtime resistance, parasomnia, and disordered breathing were linked positively to externalizing behaviors. Bedtime resistance was linked positively to externalizing behaviors and negatively to preacademic performance in low‐income families.
Results highlighted the importance of considering the potential moderating role of environmental stressors when studying sleep problems.