bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industrial Symbiosis at the Facility Scale
Authors: Mulrow John S. , Derrible Sybil , Ashton Weslynne S. , Chopra Shauhrat S. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIndustrial symbiosis (IS), as a subfield of industrial ecology, is concerned with cooperation among industrial firms in managing resources, particularly by‐products, such that the waste of one firm becomes the input of another. This “closed‐loop” pattern also lies at the heart of the concept of the circular economy (CE). Both concepts are typically considered at scales ranging from industrial parks to global supply chains, but rarely at the scale of a single facility housing multiple firms. Moreover, both concepts have requirements and implications that reach beyond the tracking and coordination of material flows. These additional requirements include the cultivation of new business models and political support, as well as engagement of local communities and cultures. Thus, both IS and the CE face the challenge of bridging the gap between the technical and sociocultural aspects of industrial development and adapting to the facility scale. We address this challenge by proposing a framework for the development of facility‐scale industrial symbiosis (Facility‐IS). Facility‐IS accounts for the presence of symbiotic interfirm relationships—including, but not limited to, material and knowledge exchange—within a single physical facility. The conditions for planning, facilitating, and growing Facility‐IS are outlined, as well as three approaches to implement such projects. Overall, this research forms a Facility‐IS framework rooted in existing best practices for understanding the CE at the local scale, tracking business sustainability factors and assessing viable strategies that facilitate IS.
Circular Economy Policies in China and Europe
Authors: McDowall Will , Geng Yong , Huang Beijia , Barteková Eva , Bleischwitz Raimund , Türkeli Serdar , Kemp René , Doménech Teresa 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe idea of a circular economy (CE) has become prominent in both European and Chinese policy making. Chinese and European perspectives on a CE share a common conceptual basis and exhibit many similar concerns in seeking to enhance resource efficiency. Yet they also differ, and this article explores differences in the focus of CE policy in China and Europe. We present evidence on the differing understandings of the CE concept in Chinese and European policy discourse, drawing on qualitative and quantitative analysis of policy documents, media articles, and academic publications. We show that the Chinese perspective on the CE is broad, incorporating pollution and other issues alongside waste and resource concerns, and it is framed as a response to the environmental challenges created by rapid growth and industrialization. In contrast, Europe's conception of the CE has a narrower environmental scope, focusing more narrowly on waste and resources and opportunities for business. We then examine similarities and differences in the focus of policy activity in the two regions and in the indicators used to measure progress. We show differences in the treatment of issues of scale and place and different priorities across value chains (from design to manufacture, consumption, and waste management). We suggest some reasons for the divergent policy articulation of the CE concept and suggest lessons that each region can learn from the other.
Development and testing of the Attitude Scale for the Dietary Therapy of Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Onbe Hiromi , Kanda Kiyoko 
Published: May 2017

AimTo develop an attitude scale regarding the dietary therapy of hemodialysis patients and to examine its reliability and validity.MethodsAn initial item pool of 37 items was extracted from a conceptual model that had been developed in the authors' previous study and the literature was reviewed. An expert panel examined the content validity. A total of 381 Japanese hemodialysis patients then were recruited. Exploratory factor analyses and a confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the construct validity and an item analysis, internal consistency coefficients, and test–retest were used to verify the reliability.ResultsThe expert panel judged the content validity index to be satisfactory. The data from the final 16 items consisted of three factors (propensity of behavior that is affected by cognition, propensity of behavior that is affected by the food culture, and negative affect that modifies the diet). Regarding the subscales, the Cronbach's coefficient alpha values were confirmed to be reliable, showing medium‐to‐high internal consistency. The test–retest method confirmed the stability of the scale.ConclusionWith the reliability and validity confirmed, it was established that the Attitude Scale for the Dietary Therapy of Hemodialysis Patients described herein is capable of determining the attitude of hemodialysis patients towards their dietary therapy. This scale makes it possible to quantitatively evaluate hemodialysis patients' attitudes toward dietary therapy. The accuracy of the scale needs to be improved by further examining its reliability and validity.
Observation of asphalt binder microstructure with ESEM
Authors: Mikhailenko P. , Kadhim H. , Baaj H. , Tighe S. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe observation of asphalt binder with the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) has shown the potential to observe asphalt binder microstructure and its evolution with binder aging. A procedure for the induction and identification of the microstructure in asphalt binder was established in this study and included sample preparation and observation parameters. A suitable heat‐sampling asphalt binder sample preparation method was determined for the test and several stainless steel and Teflon sample moulds developed, finding that stainless steel was the preferable material. The magnification and ESEM settings conducive to observing the 3D microstructure were determined through a number of observations to be 1000×, although other magnifications could be considered. Both straight run binder (PG 58‐28) and an air blown oxidised binder were analysed; their structures being compared for their relative size, abundance and other characteristics, showing a clear evolution in the fibril microstructure. The microstructure took longer to appear for the oxidised binder. It was confirmed that the fibril microstructure corresponded to actual characteristics in the asphalt binder. Additionally, a ‘bee’ micelle structure was found as a transitional structure in ESEM observation. The test methods in this study will be used for more comprehensive analysis of asphalt binder microstructure.
Area‐preserving colour coding of inverse pole figure domain
Authors: KARTHIKEYAN T. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe inverse pole figure (IPF) map is a routinely displayed output in microtexture studies, interpreted using the attached colour legend/diagram. An area‐preserving relation between the IPF domain and RGB colour domain has been developed here, and the resultant IPF colour diagrams of different crystal point group symmetries are presented.
Intra‐dialytic hypotension: Identifying patients most at risk
Authors: Sangala Nicholas , Gangaram Venkat , Atkins Katey , Elliot Graham , Lewis Robert 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundIntra‐dialytic hypotension (IDH) remains a frequent but serious complication of haemodialysis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational analysis of our prevalent dialysis population extracting data from an online database.ResultsFour hundred and thirty‐two patients underwent 21 consecutive outpatient dialysis sessions during the study period: Of the 9,072 dialysis sessions studied, 438 were complicated by episodes of IDH (4.8%). 266/432 patients were asymptomatic whilst 166/432 experienced at least one episode of IDH. Symptomatic patients had significantly lower pre‐dialysis systolic blood pressures (137 mmHg compared with 146 mmHg p < 0.0001) and demonstrated a greater per cent drop in their systolic blood pressure (delta systolic) before and after dialysis (9.7% vs. 4.1% p < 0.0001). Patients taking either a single or no anti‐hypertensive agents had a significantly higher delta systolic than those on two or more anti‐hypertensive agents (7.6% vs. 2.2% p < 0.01) and were almost 50% more likely to suffer from IDH (RR = 1.48, p = 0.017). Using logistical regression we identified pre‐dialysis systolic blood pressure and delta systolic blood pressure as strong predictor variables for IDH (p < 0.0001). We constructed a model able to calculate the risk of an individual patient suffering with IDH using delta systolic and pre‐dialysis systolic blood pressure. A ROC analysis suggests this to be an accurate model (AUC = 0.79).ConclusionDelta systolic blood pressure is clinically useful in identifying patients most at risk of IDH. Anti‐hypertensive medication use is associated with a lower delta systolic and a lower risk of IDH.
Challenges for the pharmaceutical technical development of protein coformulations
Authors: Mueller Claudia , Altenburger Ulrike , Mohl Silke 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Objectives
This review discusses challenges to stability, analytics and manufacturing of protein coformulations. Furthermore, general considerations to be taken into account for the pharmaceutical development of coformulated protein drug products are highlighted.

Key findings
Coformulation of two or more active substances in one single dosage form has recently seen increasing use offering several advantages, such as increased efficacy and/or the overall reduction of adverse event incidents in patients. Most marketed coformulated drug products are composed of small molecules. As proteins are not only comparatively large but also complex molecules, the maintenance of their physicochemical integrity within a formulation throughout pharmaceutical processing, storage, transport, handling and patient administration to ensure proper pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in vivo already represents various challenges for single-entity products. Thus, nowadays, only sparse biologics-based coformulations can be found, as additional complexity during development is given for these products.

Summary
The complexity of the dosage form and the protein molecules results into additional challenges to formulation, manufacture, storage, transport, handling and patient administration, stability and analytics during the pharmaceutical development of protein coformulations. Various points have to be considered during different stages of development in order to obtain a safe and efficacious product.
Farnesylthiosalicylic acid-loaded lipid–polyethylene glycol–polymer hybrid nanoparticles for treatment of glioblastoma
Authors: Kaffashi Abbas , Lüle Sevda , Bozdağ Pehlivan Sibel , Sarısözen Can , Vural İmran , Koşucu Hüsnü , Demir Taner , Buğdaycı Kadir Emre , Söylemezoğlu Figen , Karlı Oğuz Kader , Mut Melike 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to develop lipid–polyethylene glycol (PEG)–polymer hybrid nanoparticles, which have high affinity to tumour tissue with active ingredient, a new generation antineoplastic drug, farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTA) for treatment of glioblastoma.

Method
Farnesylthiosalicylic acid-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-1,2 distearoyl-glycerol-3-phospho-ethanolamine-N [methoxy (PEG)-2000] ammonium salt (PLGA-DSPE-PEG) with or without 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) hybrid nanoparticles has been prepared and evaluated for in-vitro characterization. Cytotoxicity of FTA-loaded nanoparticles along with its efficacy on rat glioma-2 (RG2) cells was also evaluated both in vitro (in comparison with non-malignant cell line, L929) and in vivo.

Key findings
Scanning electron microscopy studies showed that all formulations prepared had smooth surface and spherical in shape. FTA and FTA-loaded nanoparticles have cytotoxic activity against RG2 glioma cell lines in cell culture studies, which further increases with addition of DOTAP. Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic evaluation on RG2 tumour cells in rat glioma model (49 female Wistar rats, 250–300 g) comparing intravenous and intratumoral injections of the drug have been performed and FTA-loaded nanoparticles reduced tumour size significantly in in-vivo studies, with higher efficiency of intratumoral administration than intravenous route.

Conclusion
Farnesylthiosalicylic acid-loaded PLGA-DSPE-PEG-DOTAP hybrid nanoparticles are proven to be effective against glioblastoma in both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments.
Cardiac autonomic activity during daytime nap in young adults
Authors: Cellini Nicola , Torre Jacopo , Stegagno Luciano , Sarlo Michela 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe current study investigated both sympathetic and vagal autonomic patterns during a daytime sleep in 25 healthy adults (23.2 ± 2.4 years). Pre‐ejection period (PEP; related inversely to beta‐adrenergic sympathetic activity), the interval between consecutive R‐waves (RR) and frequency‐domain heart rate variability (HRV) were computed during pre‐nap wakefulness and undisturbed sleep stages. Results showed sleep‐related changes in RR and HRV measures, whereas PEP decreased significantly from pre‐nap to sleep, showing no differences across sleep stages. Moreover, pre‐nap PEP and HFnu (the normalized unit of the high‐frequency component of HRV) were associated negatively with sleep latency and wake after sleep onset. These results indicate a marked autonomic output reduction during daytime sleep, with different stage‐dependent fluctuations for sympathetic and vagal activity. Importantly, pre‐nap autonomic activity seems to modulate subsequent sleep quality.
Sleep disorders and an increased risk of Parkinson's disease in individuals with non‐apnea sleep disorders: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Hsiao Yi‐Han , Chen Yung‐Tai , Tseng Ching‐Ming , Wu Li‐An , Perng Diahn‐Warng , Chen Yuh‐Min , Chen Tzeng‐Ji , Chang Shi‐Chuan , Chou Kun‐Ta 
Published: May 2017

SummarySleep disorders are common non‐motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. Our study aims to explore the relationship between non‐apnea sleep disorders and future Parkinson's disease. This is a cohort study using a nationwide database. The participants were recruited from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2003. A total of 91 273 adult patients who had non‐apnea sleep disorders without pre‐existing Parkinson's disease were enrolled. An age‐, gender‐, income‐, urbanization‐ and Charlson comorbidity index score‐matched control cohort consisting of 91 273 participants was selected for comparison. The two cohorts were followed for the occurrence of Parkinson's disease, death or until the end of 2010, whichever came first. The Kaplan–Meier analyses revealed patients with non‐apnea sleep disorders tended to develop Parkinson's disease (log‐rank test, P < 0.001). After a multivariate adjustment in a Cox regression model, non‐apnea sleep disorders was an independent risk factor for the development of Parkinson's disease [crude hazard ratio: 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.54–1.73, P < 0.001; adjusted hazard ratio: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.11–1.26, P < 0.001]. In the subgroup analysis, patients with chronic insomnia (lasting more than 3 months) had the greatest risk (crude hazard ratio: 2.91, 95% CI: 2.59–3.26, P < 0.001; adjusted hazard ratio: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.21–1.55, P < 0.001). In conclusion, this study revealed that non‐apnea sleep disorders, especially chronic insomnia, are associated with a higher risk for future Parkinson's disease.
Microfluidics Technologies and Approaches for Studying the Microcirculation
Authors: Murfee Walter L. , Peirce Shayn M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA challenge for basic and applied microvascular research is the lack of ex vivo experimental platforms that mimic the structural and functional complexity that is inherent to the microcirculation in living organisms. This Special Topic Issue highlights the emergence of microfluidic‐based approaches as tools for recapitulating physiologically relevant network architectures and hemodynamics to study biochemical and biomechanical mechanisms of microvascular function and adaptation. This collection of review and original research articles showcases the value of microfluidics in bridging the gap between in vivo and in vitro model systems by demonstrating the utility of this technology for investigating microvascular dynamics spanning angiogenesis to blood cell rheology and for preclinical evaluation of therapeutic strategies that target the microcirculation.
The N‐succinyl‐l,l‐diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase DapE acts through ZapB to promote septum formation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Du Shishen , Lutkenhaus Joe 
Published: May 2017

SummarySpatial regulation of cell division in Escherichia coli occurs at the stage of Z ring formation. It consists of negative (the Min and NO systems) and positive (Ter signal mediated by MatP/ZapA/ZapB) regulators. Here, we find that N‐succinyl‐L,L‐diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (DapE) facilitates functional Z ring formation by strengthening the Ter signal via ZapB. DapE depends on ZapB to localize to the Z ring and its overproduction suppresses the division defect caused by loss of both the Min and NO systems. DapE shows a strong interaction with ZapB and requires the presence of ZapB to exert its function in division. Consistent with the idea that DapE strengthens the Ter signal, overproduction of DapE supports cell division with reduced FtsZ levels and provides some resistance to the FtsZ inhibitors MinCD and SulA, while deletion of dapE, like deletion of zapB, exacerbates the phenotypes of cells impaired in Z ring formation such as ftsZ84 or a min mutant. Taken together, our results report DapE as a new component of the divisome that promotes the integrity of the Z ring by acting through ZapB and raises the possibility of the existence of additional divisome proteins that also function in other cellular processes.
Physiological effects of titrated oxygen via nasal high‐flow cannulae in COPD exacerbations: A randomized controlled cross‐over trial
Authors: Pilcher Janine , Eastlake Leonie , Richards Michael , Power Sharon , Cripps Terrianne , Bibby Susan , Braithwaite Irene , Weatherall Mark , Beasley Richard 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveIncreased arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2
) is an important complication of acute exacerbations of COPD. The effects of nasal high‐flow cannulae (NHF) on PaCO2
in patients with COPD exacerbations, and whether this therapy should be used in this clinical situation, are less certain. We aimed to investigate the effect of NHF on PaCO2
in patients admitted to hospital with a COPD exacerbation.MethodsWe performed a single‐centre randomized controlled cross‐over trial in 24 hospital inpatients with acute exacerbations of COPD receiving oxygen via standard nasal prongs (SNPs). Patients received both supplemental oxygen via NHF (35 L/min) and SNP for 30 min each, with oxygen titrated to maintain the patient's baseline oxygen saturation, measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2
). Interventions were administered in random order with a minimum 15‐min washout between interventions. The primary outcome was difference in transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (PtCO2
) at 30 min adjusted for time zero.ResultsThe difference in PtCO2
adjusted for time zero was lower after 30 min for NHF compared with SNP (−1.4 mm Hg (95% CI: −2.2 to −0.6), P = 0.001). There was no difference in SpO2
at 30 min (−0.02% (95% CI: −0.8 to 0.7), P = 0.96). The reduction in respiratory rate for NHF at 30 min was not statistically significant (−2.0 breaths/min (95% CI: −4.5 to 0.4), P = 0.099).ConclusionShort‐term use of NHF results in a small reduction in PtCO2
compared with SNP in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD, but whether this is clinically significant is uncertain.
Multi‐Exposure Pathway Model to Compare Escherichia coli O157 Risks and Interventions
Authors: Chapman B. , Pintar K. , Smith B. A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe relative contributions of exposure pathways associated with cattle‐manure‐borne Escherichia coli O157:H7 on public health have yet to be fully characterized. A stochastic, quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model was developed to describe a hypothetical cattle farm in order to compare the relative importance of five routes of exposure, including aquatic recreation downstream of the farm, consumption of contaminated ground beef processed with limited interventions, consumption of leafy greens, direct animal contact, and the recreational use of a cattle pasture. To accommodate diverse environmental and hydrological pathways, existing QMRAs were integrated with novel and simplistic climate and field‐level submodels. The model indicated that direct animal contact presents the greatest risk of illness per exposure event during the high pathogen shedding period. However, when accounting for the frequency of exposure, using a high‐risk exposure‐receptor profile, consumption of ground beef was associated with the greatest risk of illness. Additionally, the model was used to evaluate the efficacy of hypothetical interventions affecting one or more exposure routes; concurrent evaluation of multiple routes allowed for the assessment of the combined effect of preharvest interventions across exposure pathways—which may have been previously underestimated—as well as the assessment of the effect of additional downstream interventions. This analysis represents a step towards a full evaluation of the risks associated with multiple exposure pathways; future incorporation of variability associated with environmental parameters and human behaviors would allow for a comprehensive assessment of the relative contribution of exposure pathways at the population level.
Direct and Indirect Treatment Effects–Causal Chains and Mediation Analysis with Instrumental Variables
Authors: Frölich Markus , Huber Martin 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe paper discusses the non-parametric identification of causal direct and indirect effects of a binary treatment based on instrumental variables. We identify the indirect effect, which operates through a mediator (i.e. intermediate variable) that is situated on the causal path between the treatment and the outcome, as well as the unmediated direct effect of the treatment by using distinct instruments for the endogenous treatment and the endogenous mediator. We examine various settings to obtain non-parametric identification of (natural) direct and indirect as well as controlled direct effects for continuous and discrete mediators and continuous and discrete instruments. We also provide a simulation study and two empirical illustrations.
A consistent experimental protocol for the strain rate characterization of thermoplastic fabrics
Authors: Coussa Fabien , Renard Jacques , Joannes Sébastien , Teissedre Jean‐Christophe , Bompoint Rémy , Feld Nicolas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper introduces an experimental procedure aiming at performing a consistent mechanical characterization of textile composites behavior, under static and dynamic loadings, and particularly their macroscopic strain rate‐dependent mechanisms. The procedure includes the design and validation of a reduced specimen adapted to dynamic testing, which guarantees the consistency of the identified macroscopic properties under a wide range of strain rates. An interrupted high speed tensile apparatus was also developed to investigate the strain rate sensitivity of the nonlinear constitutive behavior from
= 10 − 4 s − 1 to 102 s − 1. The originality of this experimental device lies in its ability to stop high speed loadings before ultimate failure, at adjustable, accurate strain levels. Finally, an extensive characterization campaign was performed. Results reveal a high strain rate dependency of the linear and nonlinear behavior. The procedure therefore generates consistent characterization data that may trustworthily be used for modeling purposes.