bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosted Regression Tree Models to Explain Watershed Nutrient Concentrations and Biological Condition
Authors: Golden Heather E. , Lane Charles R. , Prues Amy G. , D'Amico Ellen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBoosted regression tree (BRT) models were developed to quantify the nonlinear relationships between landscape variables and nutrient concentrations in a mesoscale mixed land cover watershed during base‐flow conditions. Factors that affect instream biological components, based on the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), were also analyzed. Seasonal BRT models at two spatial scales (watershed and riparian buffered area [RBA]) for nitrite‐nitrate (NO2‐NO3), total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and total phosphorus (TP) and annual models for the IBI score were developed. Two primary factors — location within the watershed (i.e., geographic position, stream order, and distance to a downstream confluence) and percentage of urban land cover (both scales) — emerged as important predictor variables. Latitude and longitude interacted with other factors to explain the variability in summer NO2‐NO3 concentrations and IBI scores. BRT results also suggested that location might be associated with indicators of sources (e.g., land cover), runoff potential (e.g., soil and topographic factors), and processes not easily represented by spatial data indicators. Runoff indicators (e.g., Hydrological Soil Group D and Topographic Wetness Indices) explained a substantial portion of the variability in nutrient concentrations as did point sources for TP in the summer months. The results from our BRT approach can help prioritize areas for nutrient management in mixed‐use and heavily impacted watersheds.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy: a systematic literature review
Authors: Ersbøll Anne S. , Damm Peter , Gustafsson Finn , Vejlstrup Niels G. , Johansen Marianne 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroductionPeripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare but potentially fatal disease defined by heart failure towards the end of pregnancy or in the months following delivery. We aim to raise awareness of the condition and give the clinician an overview of current knowledge on the mechanisms of pathophysiology, diagnostics and clinical management.Material and methodsSystematic literature searches were performed in PubMed and Embase up to June 2016. Cohorts of more than 20 women with PPCM conducted after 2000 were selected to report contemporary outcomes and prognostic data. Guidelines and reviews that provided comprehensive overviews were included, too.ResultsNew research on the pathophysiological mechanisms of PPCM points towards a two‐hit multifactorial cause involving genetic factors and an antiangiogenic hormonal environment of late gestation with high levels of prolactin and sFlt‐1. The prevalence of concomitant preeclampsia is high (often 30–45%) and symptoms can be similar, posing diagnostic difficulties. Most women (71–98%) present postpartum. Echocardiography is essential for diagnosis, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging may provide new insights to pathophysiology and prognosis. Management is multidisciplinary and involves advanced heart failure therapy. Treatment, timing and mode of delivery in pregnant women depend on disease severity. The risk of relapse in subsequent pregnancies is >20%, and women are often advised against a new pregnancy.ConclusionsPPCM has a huge impact on cardiovascular health and reproductive life perspective. New insights into genetics, molecular pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical studies have resulted in potential disease‐specific therapies, but many questions remain unanswered.
A Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Prediction of Latent Health States from Multiple Data Sources with Application to Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Coley Rebecca Yates , Fisher Aaron J. , Mamawala Mufaddal , Carter Herbert Ballentine , Pienta Kenneth J. , Zeger Scott L. 
Published: August 2016

Summary
In this article, we present a Bayesian hierarchical model for predicting a latent health state from longitudinal clinical measurements. Model development is motivated by the need to integrate multiple sources of data to improve clinical decisions about whether to remove or irradiate a patient's prostate cancer. Existing modeling approaches are extended to accommodate measurement error in cancer state determinations based on biopsied tissue, clinical measurements possibly not missing at random, and informative partial observation of the true state. The proposed model enables estimation of whether an individual's underlying prostate cancer is aggressive, requiring surgery and/or radiation, or indolent, permitting continued surveillance. These individualized predictions can then be communicated to clinicians and patients to inform decision-making. We demonstrate the model with data from a cohort of low-risk prostate cancer patients at Johns Hopkins University and assess predictive accuracy among a subset for whom true cancer state is observed. Simulation studies confirm model performance and explore the impact of adjusting for informative missingness on true state predictions. R code is provided in an online supplement and at http://github.com/rycoley/prediction-prostate-surveillance.
Mid‐ to late Holocene environmental separation of the northern and central Baltic Sea basins in response to differential land uplift
Authors: Häusler Katharina , Moros Matthias , Wacker Lukas , Hammerschmidt Lars , Dellwig Olaf , Leipe Thomas , Kotilainen Aarno , Arz Helge W. 
Published: August 2016

The Littorina Sea stage (past c. 7000 years) development of the northern, and its interactions with the central Baltic Sea have been influenced by spatially different but in the north very strong glacio‐isostatic uplift. Here we investigate the impact of the isostatic readjustment on the northern Baltic Sea environment and on the water exchange with the central Baltic Sea using geochemical and microfossil records from well‐dated sediment cores of the Bothnian Sea/Bay that are compared to sedimentary records of the Gotland Basin and Landsort Deep. Benthic foraminifera and manganese carbonate layers in the sediments from northern Baltic Sea sub‐basins imply oxic marine intrusions from c. 7.0 cal. ka BP. Related water‐column stratification together with enhanced primary productivity caused oxygen‐depleted bottom waters and deposition of organic‐rich laminated sediments during the Holocene Thermal Maximum. Comparable sedimentary/geochemical records in early Littorina Sea sediments of e.g. the eastern Gotland Basin therefore imply a low impact of isostatic uplift on the northern Baltic Sea environment. A climate‐controlled decline in hypoxia induced a gradual deposition of rather homogenous sediments in the central and northern Baltic Sea during the mid‐Littorina Sea stage. Progressive isostatic uplift caused a diverging environmental development in both basins during the mid‐ to late Littorina Sea stage. The Åland sill shoaled markedly allowing only strong inflows to enter the northern Baltic Sea as late as 2.3 cal. ka BP. The restricted deep‐water exchange with the central Baltic Sea probably resulted in a pronounced freshening and oxic bottom waters. This, together with an uplift‐related sediment re‐deposition induced accumulation of rather homogenous sediments throughout the remaining Littorina Sea stage. By contrast, a climate‐controlled depositional environment in the central Baltic Sea during this time caused the formation of homogeneous sediments during cold phases and laminated sediments during warm phases.
Timing of menarche in girls adopted from China: a cohort study
Authors: Hayes P. , Tan T. X. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundGirls adopted internationally from some states have been found to have high rates of early puberty, including early menarche. Explanations for the link between international adoption and early puberty include post‐adoption catch‐up growth triggering puberty, and under‐recorded age.MethodsWe compared menarcheal age in a cohort of 814 girls adopted from China into North America against menarcheal ages in girls in China. Adoptive parents provided survey data on their daughters′ weight in 2005 and on menarcheal status and age at menarche in 2011.ResultsEstimated median age at menarche for adopted Chinese girls is 12.37 years (95% CI: 11.84–13.00 years). Estimated prevalence of menarcheal age ≤10.00 years for adopted girls is 3%. These findings are similar to published findings on non‐adopted Chinese girls. The distribution of menarche of adopted girls and non‐adopted girls at the estimated incidence rates P3–P97 are also similar. Among the 609 girls whose parents reported on their weight shortly after adoption, 148 (24.3%) were −2SD or more below the median weight in the WHO weight‐for‐age tables. The proportion of these girls who had attained menarche was not statistically different from other girls.ConclusionsFor girls adopted from China, the age of menarche, the percentage of girls attaining menarche <10 years and the distribution of menarcheal age are all similar to Chinese girls growing up in China.
HIV‐associated neurodevelopmental delay: prevalence, predictors and persistence in relation to antiretroviral therapy initiation and viral suppression
Authors: Strehlau R. , Kuhn L. , Abrams E. J. , Coovadia A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractContextHIV infection in infancy may influence the developing brain, leading to adverse neurodevelopmental consequences.ObjectiveWe aim to describe neurodevelopmental characteristics of a cohort of HIV‐infected infants and young children prior to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and after achieving viral suppression.MethodsAs part of the Neverest 2 trial, 195 HIV‐infected children under 2 years of age were assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) prior to ART initiation and at subsequent age‐appropriate time points after ART had been started. The ASQ is a simple screening questionnaire used to identify children at risk of neurodevelopmental delays. Questionnaires completed by the parent/caregiver assess neurodevelopmental functioning in five domains: communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving and personal–social.ResultsMedian age pre‐ART was 8.8 months (range 2.2–24.9) and 53.9% were male. Mean time to viral suppression was 9.4 months (range 5.9–14.5). Compared with pre‐ART better outcomes were reported at time of viral suppression with a lower proportion of children failing the gross motor (31.5% vs. 13%, p = 0.0002), fine motor (21.3% vs. 10.2%, p = 0.017), problem solving (26.9% vs. 9.3%, p = 0.0003) and personal–social (19.6% vs. 7.4%, p = 0.019) domains. However, there was no change in the communication domain (14.8% vs. 12.0%, p = 0.6072).ConclusionAlthough achieving viral suppression on ART resulted in significant improvements in markers of neurodevelopmental function of young HIV‐infected children, potential neurodevelopmental delays still persisted in a large proportion. Further interventions are needed to limit potential disabilities and maximize developmental outcomes.
Lack of evidence of rotavirus-dependent molecular mimicry as a trigger of coeliac disease
Authors: Ziberna F , De Lorenzo G , Schiavon V , Arnoldi F , Quaglia S , De Leo L , Vatta S , Martelossi S , Burrone O R , Ventura A , Not T 
Published: August 2016

Summary
New data suggest the involvement of rotavirus (RV) in triggering autoimmunity in coeliac disease (CD) by molecular mimicry between the human-transglutaminase protein and the dodecapeptide (260-271 aa) of the RV protein VP7 (pVP7). To assess the role of RV in the onset of CD, we measured anti-pVP7 antibodies in the sera of children with CD and of control groups. We analysed serum samples of 118 biopsy-proven CD patients and 46 patients with potential CD; 32 children with other gastrointestinal diseases; 107 no-CD children and 107 blood donors. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay, we measured immunoglobulin (Ig)A–IgG antibodies against the synthetic peptides pVP7, the human transglutaminase-derived peptide (476–487 aa) which shows a homology with VP7 protein and a control peptide. The triple-layered RV particles (TLPs) containing the VP7 protein and the double-layered RV-particles (DLPs) lacking the VP7 protein were also used as antigens in ELISA assay. Antibody reactivity to the RV-TLPs was positive in 22 of 118 (18%) CD patients and in both paediatric (17 of 107, 16%) and adult (29 of 107, 27%) control groups, without showing a statistically significant difference among them (P = 0·6, P = 0·1). Biopsy-proven CD patients as well as the adult control group demonstrated a high positive antibody reactivity against both pVP7 (34 of 118, 29% CD patients; 66 of 107, 62% adult controls) and control synthetic peptides (35 of 118, 30% CD patients; 56 of 107, 52% adult controls), suggesting a non-specific response against RV pVP7. We show that children with CD do not have higher immune reactivity to RV, thus questioning the molecular mimicry mechanism as a triggering factor of CD.
Eighteen‐month‐old infants show distinct electrophysiological responses to their own faces
Authors: Stapel Janny C. , van Wijk Ilse , Bekkering Harold , Hunnius Sabine 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInfants attain the developmental milestone of self‐recognition around 18 to 24 months of age. At 18 months of age, half of the infant population typically shows signs of self‐recognition in the classic mirror test. The current study examined the functional neural correlates of the perception of self in infancy. Eighteen‐month‐old infants observed photographs of their own face, the face of an unfamiliar infant, the face of their caregiver, and the face of an unfamiliar caregiver, while their EEG was registered. The results show that infants show an enhanced response to their own face compared to other faces. The N290, an established face‐selective ERP component in infants, was larger for observation of their own face compared to others’ faces. In addition to the EEG task, the mirror test was administered. Half of the infants in our sample recognized themselves in the mirror. However, there were no differences in the ERP responses between the infants who did and did not recognize themselves in the mirror. This suggests that a distinction between the neural response to self and to others does not necessarily express itself in self‐recognition behavior.
Growth-Friendly Tax Structures: An Indicator-Based Approach
Authors: Wöhlbier Florian , Mourre Gilles , Astarita Caterina 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This paper designs a horizontal indicator-based assessment methodology aimed at identifying those EU countries presenting a potential need and scope for shifting taxation away from labour to other tax bases less detrimental to growth. The assessment methodology, as a first step, selects a set of indicators measuring specific aspects of tax policy. Subsequently, for each individual indicator, performance thresholds are calculated based on a benchmarking approach. Finally, a screening algorithm based on commonly accepted findings from the relevant economic literature is used to assess the overall performance of a country in two policy areas, namely the need for a tax shift and the scope for it. Various robustness checks are performed.
A review of the impact of processing on nutrient bioaccessibility and digestion of almonds
Authors: Grundy Myriam Marie‐Louise , Lapsley Karen , Ellis Peter Rory 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAlmond kernels contain phytochemicals and nutrients that potentially have positive health benefits in relation to heart disease, diabetes and obesity. One important mechanism associated with these benefits is an imposed limit on bioaccessibility (release) of nutrients, such as lipids, from almond tissue during mastication and digestion. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of food structure during the digestion of plant foods. In particular, in the almond kernel, depending on its structure and degree of processing, the amount of lipid released from the almond tissue matrix and the fatty acids produced from lipolysis has been found to vary substantially. This review aims at discussing the commercial methods of almond processing and the different almond forms produced for human consumption, mainly with respect to their impact on nutrient composition, digestion and metabolism.
External stent versus double J drainage in patients with radical cystectomy and orthotopic urinary diversion: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Osman Yasser , Harraz Ahmed M , Barakat Tamer S , El‐Halwagy Samer , Mosbah Ahmed , Abol‐Enein Hassan , Shaaban Atallah A 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo compare treatment‐related outcomes of ureteral stenting with an external versus double J stent in patients with orthotopic reservoirs after radical cystectomy.MethodsPatients undergoing radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder were randomized into two groups; group I patients received external stents, whereas group II received double J stents. In both groups, preoperative parameters were recorded, and patients were assessed regarding urinary tract infection, urinary leakage, upper tract deterioration, readmission and hospital stay.ResultsA total of 48 and 45 patients were randomized in the external stent group and double J group, respectively. Both groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, associated comorbidity and oncological status. Early urinary leak was observed in two patients (4.2%) in the external stent group, and in two patients (4.4%) in the double J group (P = 0.95). None of our patients developed ureteral strictures in the external stent group, and one patient did in the double J group (P = 0.3). Positive urine culture (58.3%, 51.1%) as well as febrile urinary tract infections (2.1%, 6.7%) were comparable between both groups, respectively (P = 0.43, 0.28). Wound complications (12.5%, 8.9%) and stent‐related complications (2.1%, 0%) were comparable between both groups, respectively (P = 0.57, 0.33). The mean hospital stay was 17.5 days (range 14–32 days) and 14.6 days (range 10–42 days) in both groups, respectively (P = 0.001), with comparable re‐admission rates (P = 0.95).ConclusionsIncorporation of double J stents in orthotopic urinary diversion is a safe alternative to the routinely used external stenting.
Use of advanced technologies across the wound care spectrum: prologue
Authors: Kirsner Robert S , Romanelli Marco 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe growing trends of ageing populations and increasing prevalence of diabetes have given rise to an expanding number of problematic acute and chronic wounds. Over the past two decades, the use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) with and without instillation of topical wound solutions has expanded to include treatment of a large variety of wounds. Additionally, the use of NPWT specifically designed for use over closed surgical incisions has been associated with favourable results. The recent introduction of an automated epidermal harvesting system, which neither creates a donor site wound nor requires the use of a surgeon, operating room or anaesthesia, has facilitated the use of epidermal grafting. This supplement highlights some of the advanced wound approaches that have been developed to address challenging wounds and the growing burden of wound care affecting both the patient and the health care system.
Familial aggregation of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Chen Qi , Brikell Isabell , Lichtenstein Paul , Serlachius Eva , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Sandin Sven , Larsson Henrik 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) aggregates in families. To date, the strength, pattern, and characteristics of the familial aggregation have not been thoroughly assessed in a population‐based family sample.MethodsIn this cohort study, we identified relative pairs of twins, full and half‐siblings, and full and half cousins from 1,656,943 unique individuals born in Sweden between 1985 and 2006. The relatives of index persons were followed from their third birthday to 31 December 2009 for ADHD diagnosis. Birth year adjusted hazard ratio (HR), that is, the rate of ADHD in relatives of ADHD‐affected index persons compared with the rate of ADHD in relatives of unaffected index persons, was estimated in the different types of relatives using Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsDuring the follow‐up, 31,865 individuals were diagnosed with ADHD (male to female ratio was 3.7). The birth year adjusted HRs were as follows: 70.45 for monozygotic twins; 8.44 for dizygotic twins; 8.27 for full siblings; 2.86 for maternal half‐siblings; 2.31 for paternal half‐siblings; 2.24 for full cousins; 1.47 for half cousins. Maternal half‐siblings had significantly higher HR than in paternal half‐siblings. The HR did not seem to be affected by index person's sex. Full siblings of index persons with ADHD diagnosis present at age 18 or older had a higher rate of ADHD (HR: 11.49) than full siblings of index persons with ADHD diagnosis only before age 18 (HR: 4.68).ConclusionsFamilial aggregation of ADHD increases with increasing genetic relatedness. The familial aggregation is driven by not only genetic factors but also a small amount of shared environmental factors. Persistence of ADHD into adulthood indexes stronger familial aggregation of ADHD.
Chemical Deterioration of Lotus Seeds During Storage
Authors: Luo Huo‐Lin , Liu Xing‐Xing , Huang Xue‐Yong , Dai Xi‐Mo , Zhang Min , Fang Fei‐Fei , Luo Li‐Ping 
Published: August 2016

AbstractStarch, protein and lipids, the major components in lotus seeds, affected taste and cooking properties of the food. The chemical compositions, gelatinization properties, crystal structure of the starch, compositions of fatty acids and soluble protein of lotus seeds, stored for 24 months, 12 months and as fresh were studied. The overall starch, protein and lipid contents in lotus seeds remained unchanged during storage, but structural changes occurred. The contents of amylose and free fatty acid increased significantly during prolonged storage, but the solubility of protein decreased dramatically. The increases of onset temperature, peak temperature and gelatinization enthalpy of lotus seed starch were also studied by a differential scanning calorimetry. Its content especially for disulfide bonds, increased from 63.24 to 95.59 μ mol/g. All changes had significant correlation with storage time and ultimately denatured the sensory quality of selected aged lotus seeds. The study could be conductive to fresh lotus seed discrimination from stale seed, and dynamic monitoring of lotus seed, by determination chemical deterioration of lotus seeds during storage.Practical ApplicationsThis study is helpful to discriminate fresh lotus seed from stale seed, and explain aging mechanism, and put forward the improvement measures of lotus seed storage conditions.