bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A combined field survey and molecular identification protocol for comparing forest arthropod biodiversity across spatial scales
Authors: Emerson Brent C. , Casquet Juliane , López Heriberto , Cardoso Pedro , Borges Paulo A. V. , Mollaret Noémy , Oromí Pedro , Strasberg Dominique , Thébaud Christophe 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObtaining fundamental biodiversity metrics such as alpha, beta and gamma diversity for arthropods is often complicated by a lack of prior taxonomic information and/or taxonomic expertise, which can result in unreliable morphologically based estimates. We provide a set of standardized ecological and molecular sampling protocols that can be employed by researchers whose taxonomic skills may be limited, and where there may be a lack of robust a priori information regarding the regional pool of species. These protocols combine mass sampling of arthropods, classification of samples into parataxonomic units (PUs) and selective sampling of individuals for mtDNA sequencing to infer biological species. We sampled ten lowland rainforest plots located on the volcanic oceanic island of Réunion (Mascarene archipelago) for spiders, a group with limited taxonomic and distributional data for this region. We classified adults and juveniles into PUs and then demonstrated the reconciliation of these units with presumed biological species using mtDNA sequence data, ecological data and distributional data. Because our species assignment protocol is not reliant upon prior taxonomic information, or taxonomic expertise, it minimizes the problem of the Linnean shortfall to yield diversity estimates that can be directly compared across independent studies. Field sampling can be extended to other arthropod groups and habitats by adapting our field sampling protocol accordingly.
A comparison of DNA extraction methods for high‐throughput DNA analyses
Authors: Schiebelhut Lauren M. , Abboud Sarah S. , Gómez Daglio Liza E. , Swift Holly F. , Dawson Michael N 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe inclusion of next‐generation sequencing technologies in population genetic and phylogenetic studies has elevated the need to balance time and cost of DNA extraction without compromising DNA quality. We tested eight extraction methods – ranging from low‐ to high‐throughput techniques – and eight phyla: Annelida, Arthropoda, Cnidaria, Chordata, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Ochrophyta and Porifera. We assessed DNA yield, purity, efficacy and cost of each method. Extraction efficacy was quantified using the proportion of successful polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of two molecular markers for metazoans (mitochondrial COI and nuclear histone 3) and one for Ochrophyta (mitochondrial nad6) at four time points – 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 years following extraction. DNA yield and purity were quantified using NanoDrop absorbance ratios. Cost was estimated in terms of time and material expense. Results show differences in DNA yield, purity and PCR success between extraction methods and that performance also varied by taxon. The traditional time‐intensive, low‐throughput CTAB phenol–chloroform extraction performed well across taxa, but other methods also performed well and provide the opportunity to reduce time spent at the bench and increase throughput.
Carotid Doppler flowmetry correlates poorly with thermodilution cardiac output following cardiac surgery
Authors: Roehrig C. , Govier M. , Robinson J. , Aneman A. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundIt remains unclear whether measuring carotid arterial flow by the time velocity integral using vascular Doppler ultrasound can be used to monitor cardiac output and volume responsiveness.MethodsThe carotid Doppler flow (time velocity integral and peak flow velocity variation) was assessed in triplicate by an intensivist with formal vascular ultrasound training. Thirty‐three patients admitted following coronary by‐pass surgery were studied before and after a passive leg‐raising manoeuvre to investigate volume responsiveness (more than 10% increase in cardiac output) along with indices of arterial load measuring cardiac output by thermodilution. Pearson's correlation coefficient and area under the curve (AUC) by receiver operating characteristics were calculated.ResultsA significant correlation between carotid Doppler flow and cardiac output was demonstrated in post‐operative cardiac surgery patients (r = 0.80 [95%CI 0.61–0.89]), including relative changes following passive leg raising (r = 0.79 [95%CI 0.60–0.89]) that showed a mean difference of 2% with wide limits of agreements (−19% to 16%). Changes in carotid Doppler flow following passive leg raising correlated with the baseline arterial resistance but not with compliance or effective elastance. A peak flow variation > 10% before passive leg raising discriminated responders to the manoeuvre with an AUC of 0.81 [95% CI 0.55–0.95].ConclusionsWeak correlations between common carotid Doppler flow and cardiac output mean that the methods cannot be used interchangeably in post‐operative cardiac surgery patients.
Region specific activation of the AKT and mTORC1 pathway in response to excessive alcohol intake in rodents
Authors: Laguesse Sophie , Morisot Nadege , Phamluong Khanhky , Ron Dorit 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe previously reported that the kinase AKT is activated in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rodents in response to excessive consumption of alcohol. One of the important downstream targets of AKT is the mammalian Target Of Rapamycin in Complex 1 (mTORC1), which was also activated by alcohol intake. mTORC1 controls dendritic protein translation, and we showed that the mTORC1‐dependent translational machinery is activated in the NAc in response to alcohol intake. Importantly, systemic or intra‐NAc inhibition of the AKT/mTORC1 pathway attenuated alcohol‐drinking behaviors. Here, we mapped the activation patterns of AKT and mTORC1 in corticostriatal regions of rodents consuming large amounts of alcohol. We found that the activation of AKT and mTORC1 in response to cycles of binge drinking of 20 percent alcohol was centered in the NAc shell. Both kinases were not activated in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS); however, AKT, but not mTORC1, was activated in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) of mice but not rats. Interestingly, excessive intake of alcohol produced a selective activation of the AKT/mTORC1 pathway in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which was not observed in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Furthermore, this signaling pathway was not activated in the NAc shell or OFC of rats consuming moderate amounts of alcohol nor was it activated in rats consuming sucrose. Together, our results suggest that excessive alcohol intake produces a brain region selective activation of the AKT/mTORC1 pathway, which is likely to contribute to NAc shell and OFC‐dependent mechanisms that underlie the development and maintenance of alcohol drinking behavior.
Alpha‐7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist inhibits the development of endometriosis by regulating inflammation
Authors: Yamada‐Nomoto Kaori , Yoshino Osamu , Akiyama Ikumi , Ushijima Akemi , Ono Yosuke , Shima Tomoko , Nakashima Akitoshi , Hayashi Shusaku , Kadowaki Makoto , Osuga Yutaka , Saito Shigeru 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated α‐7 nAchR expression in human peritoneal macrophages and examined whether activation of nAchR might be a new therapy for endometriosis.Materials and methodsHuman peritoneal fluid mononuclear cells (PFMC) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of α‐7 nAChR agonists. In a murine endometriosis model, α‐7 nAChR modulators were administered.ResultsHuman PFMC expressed α‐7 nAChR at the mRNA and protein levels. Activation of α‐7 nAChR with its agonists led to significant (P<.01) suppression of LPS‐induced interleukin (IL) ‐1β expression. In a murine endometriosis model, one week after inoculation of endometrium to the peritoneal cavity, α‐7 nAChR agonist significantly suppressed the expression of IL‐1β mRNA (P<.01), which was negated when α‐7 nAChR antagonist was administered simultaneously. α‐7 nAChR agonist significantly suppressed the formation of endometriotic lesions, which was reversed with α‐7 nAChR antagonist.ConclusionActivation of nAChR might be a new candidate for treatment of endometriosis.
Modified esophagogastrostomy in laparoscopy‐assisted proximal gastrectomy: A reverse‐Tornado anastomosis
Authors: Kubota Keisuke , Suzuki Akihiro , Fujikawa Aoi , Watanabe Takayuki , Sekido Yuki , Shiozaki Hironori , Taketa Takashi , Shimada Gen , Ohigashi Seiji , Sakurai Shintaro , Kishida Akihiro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to introduce and examine a modified mechanical end‐to‐side esophagogastrostomy method (“reverse‐Tornado" anastomosis) in laparoscopy‐assisted proximal gastrectomy.MethodsFive patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopy‐assisted proximal gastrectomy were analyzed retrospectively. Esophagogastrostomy in the anterior wall was performed in three patients, and esophagogastrostomy in the posterior wall was performed in two patients. Clinicopathological features, operative outcomes (operative time, operative blood loss), and postoperative outcomes (complications, postoperative hospital stay, reflux esophagitis) were evaluated.ResultsOperative time was normal (278 min). There was no marked operative blood loss, postoperative complications, prolonged hospital stay, or reflux esophagitis.ConclusionEsophagogastrostomy was completed in a normal time with reverse‐Tornado anastomosis. This method can be safe and can enable good postoperative quality of life.
Forty years of vegetation change in former coppice‐with‐standards woodlands as a result of management change and N deposition
Authors: Becker Thomas , Spanka Julia , Schröder Lothar , Leuschner Christoph 
Published: October 2016

AbstractQuestionDid vegetation of former coppice‐with‐standards woodlands, which were in conversion towards high forest for about 100 yrs, change over the last 41 yrs (1970–2011)? What were the main drivers of vegetation change?LocationDransfeld Plateau, central Germany.MethodsRepetition of 85 historical semi‐permanent vegetation plots located in 13 forest patches on limestone soil. Differences in species composition and plant functional types between historical and recent plots were analysed using a block multi‐response permutation procedure (bMRPP), NMDS, indicator species analysis (ISA) and ANOVA.ResultsWe found significant changes in all vegetation layers. In the tree layer, Fagus sylvatica and Hedera helix had increased, while Quercus robur and Carpinus betulus had decreased. In the understorey, tree regeneration had strongly increased. In the herbaceous layer, species richness had decreased from 30 to 24 species per 100 m², and the abundance of plant functional types had changed: the proportion of geophytes and therophytes had increased, while the proportion of hemicryptophytes had decreased. Spring‐green species (i.e. species active mainly before tree foliation) had increased, while summer‐green species had decreased. In addition, the estimated mean SLA of herbaceous species had increased. The proportion of closed‐forest species had slightly increased, while the proportion of species of forest edges and clearings had decreased. NMDS ordination separated the herbaceous layers from 1970 and 2011 along the second axis, which correlated with the indicator values for continentality (decrease over time) and N (increase over time).ConclusionsAlthough the stands still shared many characteristics of coppice‐with‐standards woodlands, the vegetation had clearly shifted towards that of darker and more nutrient‐rich forest. This indicates both a marked legacy of historic coppice management and a strong influence of recent high forest management, as well as N deposition.
Increased prevalence of potential right‐to‐left shunting in children with sickle cell anaemia and stroke
Authors: Dowling Michael M. , Quinn Charles T. , Ramaciotti Claudio , Kanter Julie , Osunkwo Ifeyinwa , Inusa Baba , Iyer Rathi , Kwiatkowski Janet L. , Johnson Clarissa , Rhodes Melissa , Owen William , Strouse John J. , Panepinto Julie A. , Neumayr Lynne , Sarnaik Sharada , Plumb Patricia A. , Dlamini Nomazulu , Kirkham Fenella , Hynan Linda S. ,   the PFAST Investigators
Published: October 2016

Summary‘Paradoxical’ embolization via intracardiac or intrapulmonary right‐to‐left shunts (RLS) is an established cause of stroke. Hypercoagulable states and increased right heart pressure, which both occur in sickle cell anaemia (SCA), predispose to paradoxical embolization. We hypothesized that children with SCA and overt stroke (SCA + stroke) have an increased prevalence of potential RLS. We performed contrasted transthoracic echocardiograms on 147 children (aged 2–19 years) with SCA + stroke) mean age 12·7 ± 4·8 years, 54·4% male) and a control group without SCA or stroke (n = 123; mean age 12·1 ± 4·9 years, 53·3% male). RLS was defined as any potential RLS detected by any method, including intrapulmonary shunting. Echocardiograms were masked and adjudicated centrally. The prevalence of potential RLS was significantly higher in the SCA+stroke group than controls (45·6% vs. 23·6%, P < 0·001). The odds ratio for potential RLS in the SCA + stroke group was 2·7 (95% confidence interval: 1·6–4·6) vs controls. In post hoc analyses, the SCA + stroke group had a higher prevalence of intrapulmonary (23·8% vs. 5·7%, P < 0·001) but not intracardiac shunting (21·8% vs. 18·7%, P = 0·533). SCA patients with potential RLS were more likely to report headache at stroke onset than those without. Intrapulmonary and intracardiac shunting may be an overlooked, independent and potentially modifiable risk factor for stroke in SCA.
Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of CNS acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and potential for therapy
Authors: Frishman‐Levy Liron , Izraeli Shai 
Published: October 2016

SummaryCentral nervous system acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (CNS‐ALL) is a major clinical problem. CNS‐directed ‘prophylactic’ chemo‐ or radio – therapy is associated with significant early and long‐term toxicity. Moreover, greater than a third of the relapses occur in the CNS. To design specific, more effective and less toxic therapy and for personalized precise adjustment of prophylactic therapy there is a need for better understanding of the biology of this disease. Specifically, the precise neurotropic mechanisms of ALL are currently unclear, as is the pathogenesis of CNS relapse. Here we review and contrast the recent findings with earlier studies of pathogenesis of CNS leukaemia. We also describe the challenges in research of this devastating complication of ALL.
A Prime Example of the Maluma/Takete Effect? Testing for Sound Symbolic Priming
Authors: Sidhu David M. , Pexman Penny M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCertain nonwords, like maluma and takete, are associated with roundness and sharpness, respectively. However, this has typically been demonstrated using explicit tasks. We investigated whether this association would be detectable using a more implicit measure—a sequential priming task. We began with a replication of the standard Maluma/Takete effect (Experiments 1a and 1b) before examining whether round and sharp nonword primes facilitated the categorization of congruent shapes (Experiment 2). We found modest evidence of a priming effect in response accuracy. We next examined whether nonword primes affected categorization of ambiguous shapes, using visual (Experiment 3) and auditory primes (Experiment 4). We found that ambiguous shapes were categorized as round (sharp) more often following the presentation of a round (sharp) nonword. This suggests that phonemes may activate related shape information which then affects the processing of shapes, and that this association emerges even when participants are not explicitly searching for it.
Diagnostic investigation of BIRC6 and SIRT1 protein expression level as potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gharabaghi Mehrnaz Asadi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground/AimLung cancer is the major contributor to overall cancer‐related mortality. Biomarkers are important in early detection and prognosis, in addition to developing treatment regimes, which may improve the patient survival rates. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the prognostic and diagnostic value of SIRT1/BIRC6 expression in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsThe data on the prognostic impact of SIRT1/BIRC6 in NSCLC were collected from September 11, 2006 to July 10, 2014. Immunoexpressions and real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR of SIRT1/BIRC6 were analyzed and the outcomes were correlated with clinicopathological features and patient survivals.ResultsMRNA level of SIRT1 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues as compared to normal tissues (3.18 ± 0.77 vs. 1.27 ± 0.62; P = .001). BIRC6 mRNA was upregulated in cancer tissues when compared with normal tissues (4.13 ± 0.91 vs. 1.51 ± 0.72; P = .001). SIRT1 protein was overexpressed in 27 patients (67.5%), while normal tissues showed weak or negative staining to SIRT1 (P = .002). Furthermore, these findings suggested that advanced pathological T stage, and poor differentiation were significantly associated with expression of SIRT1 (P < .05). Increased expression of BIRC6 was detected in 75% of patients, while weak or negative expression were detected in normal tissues (P = .001). Furthermore, increased expression of BIRC6 was linked to advanced pathological T stage, poor differentiation, and lymph node metastasis (P < .05).ConclusionsSIRT1 and BIRC6 may be linked to tumor progression and could be useful for the treatment of NSCLC.
Relation between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and primary tumor metabolic activity in patients with malign pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Özyürek Berna Akıncı , Özmen Özlem , Özdemirel Tuğçe Şahin , Erdoğan Yurdanur , Kaplan Bekir , Kaplan Tuğba 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the pre‐treatment blood neutrophil/lymphocyte count ratio (NLR) with the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of primary masses on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) taken before treatment in patients diagnosed with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and to evaluate the contribution to prognosis. A retrospective evaluation was made of 73 patients diagnosed with MPM in our hospital between January 2006 and January 2014. The SUVmax value of the primary mass on pre‐treatment PET/CT, the haemogram parameters (Hb, Hct, NLR, MPV, PLT) at the time of diagnosis, the progression history, the date of the final visit, and the date of death of exitus patients was recorded from patient files PET/CT. The study group comprised 37 males (50.7%) with a mean age of 56.1 ± 11.4 years. The median survival time of these patients was 13 months. The survival time of the patient group aged <55 years was significantly longer (P = .006). Although the survival time of patients with NLR < 3 and SUVmax < 5 was longer, the difference was not statistically significant (P = .63, P = 0.08). A statistically significant difference was determined between the mean (or median) SUVmax values of the patient groups with NLR < 3 and NLR ≥3 (P = .019) with the SUVmax value of the NLR < 3 group found to be low. In conclusion, in patients with MPM, NLR ≥3 and high SUVmax values at the time of diagnosis can be considered an indicator of poor prognosis but are not a guide in the prediction of progression.
The histopathologic features of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis
Authors: James Travis , Ghaferi Jessica , LaFond Ann 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThe histologic features of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis (APD) are generally non‐specific and have been described only in brief case reports. We present a case of APD and review the literature with a focus on the histologic findings described.MethodsA review of the English literature on APD was performed using PubMed and MEDLINE.ResultsA total of 39 patients, including our patient are included in this review. The most consistent histologic finding reported was a perivascular inflammatory infiltrate, being seen in 72% of cases. A non‐specific or interstitial inflammatory infiltrate was described in 31% of the cases, with 41% having an eosinophilic component and 21% having a neutrophilic component mixed with the predominant lymphocytic infiltrate. Interface dermatitis was the second most common finding with 36% showing a mild to exaggerated interface dermatitis.ConclusionAlthough histopathologic changes are non‐specific, perivascular dermatitis with eosinophils and interface changes are common in APD.
Trizentrische Analyse von Kofaktoren und Komorbidität des Pyoderma gangraenosum
Authors: Jockenhöfer Finja , Herberger Katharina , Schaller Jörg , Hohaus Katja Christina , Stoffels‐Weindorf Maren , Al Ghazal Philipp , Augustin Matthias , Dissemond Joachim 
Published: October 2016

ZusammenfassungEinleitungDas Pyoderma gangraenosum (PG) ist eine seltene, inflammatorische destruktiv‐ulzerierende neutrophile Erkrankung mit weitgehend unklarer Pathophysiologie.Material und MethodikIn dieser Studie wurden die potenziell relevanten Kofaktoren und Begleiterkrankungen von Patienten mit PG aus drei dermatologischen Wundzentren in Deutschland differenziert ausgewertet.ErgebnisseVon den insgesamt 121 analysierten Patienten waren Frauen (66,9 %) häufiger betroffen als Männer. Das Alter der Patienten war 18–96 Jahre (Mittelwert [MW]: 59,8); die Wunden hatten eine Größe von 1–600 cm² (MW: 65,6 cm²) und waren überwiegend sehr schmerzhaft (VAS 1–10, MW: 7). Die Unterschenkel waren am häufigsten (71,9 %) betroffen. Bei 12 (9,9 %) Patienten bestanden chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen (5,8 % Colitis ulcerosa; 4,1 % Morbus Crohn), bei 14,1 % der Patienten wurde eine Begleiterkrankung aus dem rheumatischen Formenkreis beschrieben. Neoplasien bestanden bei 20,6 % der Patienten, von denen 6,6 % als hämatologische und 14,1 % als solide Neoplasien klassifiziert wurden. Aus dem Kreis des metabolischen Syndroms wurde bei 69,4 % Patienten eine Adipositas, bei 57,9 % eine arterielle Hypertonie und bei 33,9 % ein Diabetes mellitus diagnostiziert.SchlussfolgerungenDiese Datenanalyse bestätigt Assoziationen des PG mit dem metabolischen Syndrom und mit Neoplasien, die zukünftig frühzeitig bei einer zielgerichteten Diagnostik der Patienten beachtet und behandelt werden sollten.
Incidence of autoimmune bullous diseases in Serbia: a 20‐year retrospective study
Authors: Milinković Mirjana V. , Janković Slavenka , Medenica Ljiljana , Nikolić Miloš , Reljić Vesna , Popadić Svetlana , Janković Janko 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackground and objectivesWhile most previous surveys on the clinico‐epidemiological features of autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs) have predominantly focused on a single disease entity or just one disease group, there have been only few studies examining the incidence of various AIBDs. In the present study, we set out to determine the spectrum of AIBDs, to estimate the incidence of the most common AIBDs, and to examine their temporal trends in Central Serbia over a period of 20 years.MethodsWe retrospectively recruited 1,161 new AIBD cases diagnosed in Central Serbia during the period from January 1991 to December 2010. The diagnosis was based on strict clinical, histological, and immunohistological evaluation.ResultsThe incidence rates were: 4.35 per million population/year (pmp/year) for pemphigus, 4.47 pmp/year for pemphigoid, 1.42 pmp/year for dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), 0.25 pmp/year for linear IgA disease, and 0.08 pmp/year for epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. In the period observed, age‐adjusted incidence rates significantly increased for pemphigus and particularly for pemphigoid, whereas they decreased, albeit not significantly, for DH.ConclusionsFor the first time, our study evaluates the incidence rates of the entire spectrum of AIBDs in Serbia, and examines their temporal trends over a 20‐year period. To the best of our knowledge, our finding of similar incidence rates for pemphigus and pemphigoid has previously not been reported.