bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Glasgow Prognostic Score as a pre‐transplant risk assessment for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Shibasaki Yasuhiko , Suwabe Tatsuya , Katagiri Takayuki , Tanaka Tomoyuki , Kobayashi Hironori , Fuse Kyoko , Ushiki Takashi , Sato Naoko , Yano Toshio , Kuroha Takashi , Hashimoto Shigeo , Narita Miwako , Furukawa Tatsuo , Sone Hirohito , Masuko Masayoshi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEvaluation methods, such as scoring systems for predicting complications in advance, are necessary for determining the adaptation of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and selecting appropriate conditioning regimens. The Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation‐specific Comorbidity Index (HCT‐CI), which is based on functions of main organs, is a useful tool for pre‐transplant risk assessments and has been widely applied in determining treatment strategies for patients with hematological diseases. However, as allogeneic HCT is performed on patients with diverse backgrounds, another factor, which reinforces the HCT‐CI, is required to evaluate pre‐transplant risk assessments. The Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), which assesses the combined C‐reactive protein and albumin, was reported to predict survival of patients with solid‐organ malignancies independently of receiving chemo/radiotherapy and stages of cancer. In this study, we applied the GPS for pre‐transplant risk assessments for allogeneic HCT. The GPS successfully stratified the patients into three risk groups of overall survival (OS) and non‐relapse mortality (NRM). Moreover, the GPS could predict outcomes independently of the HCT‐CI for OS and NRM in multivariate analysis. The GPS is considered to be a useful tool and reinforces the HCT‐CI for determining adaptation of allogeneic HCT for patients with hematopoietic neoplasms.
Kidney retransplantation from HLA‐incompatible living donors: A single‐center study of 3rd/4th transplants
Authors: Barnes James C.H. , Goodyear Stephen J. , Imray Caitlin E.A. , Lam For Tai , Kashi Habib S. , Tan Lam Chin , Higgins Robert , Imray Christopher H.E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe demand for kidney retransplantation following graft failure is rising. Repeat transplantation is often associated with poorer outcomes due to both immunological and surgical challenges. The aim of this study was to compare surgical and functional outcomes of kidney retransplantation in recipients that had previously had at least two kidney transplants with a focus on those with antibody incompatibility.MethodsWe analyzed 66 patients who underwent renal transplantation at a single center between 2003 and 2011. Consecutive patients receiving their 3rd or 4th kidney were case‐matched with an equal number of 1st and 2nd transplants.ResultsTwenty‐two 3rd and 4th kidney transplants were matched with 22 first and 22 seconds transplants. Operative times and length of stay were equivalent between the subgroups. Surgical complication rates were similar in all groups (22.7% in 1st and 2nd transplants, and 27.2% in 3rd/4th transplants). There was no significant difference in patient or graft survival over 5 years. Graft function was similar between transplant groups at 1, 3, and 5 years.ConclusionsThird and fourth kidney transplants can be performed safely with similar outcomes to 1st and 2nd transplants. Kidney retransplantation from antibody‐incompatible donors may be appropriate for highly sensitized patients.
Socializing Labour Protest: New Forms of Coalition Building in South China
Authors: Xu Hui , Schmalz Stefan 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTOver the course of the last decade, China has experienced growing labour unrest in many economic sectors including electronics, textiles and services. One reason for this is that the All‐China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) is not engaged at the shop floor level; it does not represent workers and has failed to organize strikes. Instead, labour non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) have stepped in to fill the representation gap and to support striking workers. This article analyses the networks between labour NGOs, other civil society actors such as student activists, and protesting workers in China's Pearl River Delta. The authors show that a new informal network of activists and transnational linkages has emerged in Guangdong Province. They argue that civil society organizations can play a crucial role in supporting workers’ demands in strike actions, presenting a case of successful coalition building in the service sector during a strike by sanitation workers in the University Town Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University in Guangzhou. Drawing on a power resource approach and in‐depth field research, the authors conclude that the engagement of labour NGOs and other civil society actors in strike actions has the potential to shape labour relations at the level of the firm. However, due to growing state repression, there are limits for emerging civil society actions.
Networks of Labour Activism: Collective Action across Asia and Beyond. An Introduction to the Debate
Authors: Zajak Sabrina , Egels‐Zandén Niklas , Piper Nicola 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTAs an Introduction to the Debate section that follows, this article develops the concept of ‘Networks of Labour Activism’ (NOLA) as a distinct, and important, aspect of cross‐border, cross‐organizational mobilization of workers, trade unions and other organizations and groups. NOLAs are seen as different from traditional labour activist networks in that they are neither solely connected to the position of labour in production processes, nor wholly reliant on the soft and discursive power of advocacy coalitions. The authors understand NOLAs to be characterized by the interaction of different types of labour rights, social movement and community organizations, joining forces in complex forms of strategizing vis‐à‐vis multiple targets. Thus, cross‐boundary strategizing (across organizational and geographical divides) is seen as a basic characteristic of NOLAs. The authors argue that NOLAs continue to be deeply embedded in political‐economic contexts of the state and global value chains, and alliance formation reflects the peculiar vulnerabilities and constraints resulting from this embeddedness. This Introduction draws on multiple studies of NOLAs from around the world, but its main focus is on some of those Asian countries which are at the centre of global supply chain capitalism and labour exploitation, and which have become the laboratory for new forms of networked worker agency and activism.
Cognitive and neuroimaging findings in developmental coordination disorder: new insights from a systematic review of recent research
Authors: Wilson Peter H , Smits‐Engelsman Bouwien , Caeyenberghs Karen , Steenbergen Bert , Sugden David , Clark Jane , Mumford Nick , Blank Rainer 
Published: September 2017

AimTo better understand the neural and performance factors that may underlie developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and implications for a multi‐component account.MethodA systematic review of the experimental literature published between June 2011 and September 2016 was conducted using a modified PICOS (population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study type) framework. A total of 106 studies were included.ResultsBehavioural data from 91 studies showed a broad cluster of deficits in the anticipatory control of movement, basic processes of motor learning, and cognitive control. Importantly, however, performance issues in DCD were often shown to be moderated by task type and difficulty. As well, we saw new evidence of compensatory processes and strategies in several studies. Neuroimaging data (15 studies, including electroencephalography) showed reduced cortical thickness in the right medial orbitofrontal cortex and altered brain activation patterns across functional networks involving prefrontal, parietal, and cerebellar regions in children with DCD than those in comparison groups. Data from diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging suggested reduced white matter organization involving sensorimotor structures and altered structural connectivity across the whole brain network.InterpretationTaken together, results support the hypothesis that children with DCD show differences in brain structure and function compared with typically developing children. Behaviourally, these differences may affect anticipatory planning and reduce automatization of movement skill, prompting greater reliance on slower feedback‐based control and compensatory strategies. Implications for future research, theory development, and clinical practice are discussed.
What are the important outcomes in traumatic dental injuries? An international approach to the development of a core outcome set
Authors: Kenny Kate P. , Day Peter F. , Sharif Mohammad O. , Parashos Peter , Lauridsen Eva , Feldens Carlos Alberto , Cohenca Nestor , Skapetis Tony , Levin Liran , Kenny David J. , Djemal Serpil , Malmgren Olle , Chen Yong‐Jin , Tsukisboshi Misuhiro , Andersson Lars 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground/AimsThere are numerous treatment options following traumatic dental injury (TDI). Systematic reviews of different treatments are challenging owing to the diversity of outcomes reported between clinical studies. This issue could be addressed through the development and implementation of a agreed and standardized collection of outcomes known as a core outcome set (COS). The aim of this study was to develop a COS for TDI in children and adults. The secondary aim was to establish what, how, when and by whom these outcomes should be measured.Materials and MethodThe project was registered with Core Outcomes Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET). A web‐based survey was developed to capture the opinions of dentists globally as to which outcomes should be recorded. A list of outcomes was entered into a Delphi Survey and scored by an Expert Working Group (EWG). The scoring was repeated, followed by conference calls to discuss, refine and finalize the COS. The EWG split into small groups of subject‐specific experts to determine how, when and by whom each outcome would be measured.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 1476 dentists. The EWG identified 13 core outcomes to be recorded for all TDI's. An additional 10 injury‐specific outcomes were identified. A table has been produced for each outcome detailing what, when, and how each outcome should be recorded.ConclusionsA robust consensus process was used to develop an international COS for TDI in children and adults. This includes both generic and injury‐specific outcomes across all identified domains.
Pressure‐forming method using a single‐mouthguard sheet
Authors: Mizuhashi Fumi , Koide Kaoru 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground/AimMouthguard thickness is important for the prevention of orofacial trauma during sports. However, it is difficult to maintain the necessary thickness after forming the mouthguard. The aim of this study was to evaluate a pressure‐forming method using a single‐mouthguard sheet.Materials and MethodsA mouthguard sheet of 3.8 mm ethylene vinyl acetate was prepared by cutting 3 mm from the anterior margin of the sheet holder with a length of 7 mm and with the width being from the buccal cusp of the upper right first premolar to the buccal cusp of the upper left first premolar and compared with the original sheet. The sheets were pressure‐formed when the sheet was heated until the centre was displaced by 15 mm from baseline. The thickness of the mouthguard was measured at the labial surface of the central incisor, and the buccal and occlusal surfaces of the first molar. The fit of the mouthguard was examined at the right central incisor and right first molar by measuring the distance between the mouthguard and the cervical margin of the working model. Differences in the thickness and the fit of the mouthguards between the sheet conditions and the measured regions were analysed by two‐way analysis of variance.ResultsMouthguard thickness varied among the measured regions of the central incisors and first molars (P < .01). The greatest thickness was found at the labial surface of the central incisor in mouthguards fabricated using the cut sheet (P < .01). Mouthguard fit did not differ between the two sheets.ConclusionsThe results suggest that a useful mouthguard with proper thickness and fit can be produced with the pressure‐forming method using a single‐mouthguard sheet by cutting the anterior part of the sheet.
Estimating consumable biomass from body length and order in insects and spiders
Authors: STRAUS SAMANTHA , AVILÉS LETICIA 
Published: September 2017

1. Current models used to estimate insect prey biomass for diet studies use whole weight. However, a large proportion of an arthropod's body is taken up by an indigestible exoskeleton, leading to erroneous estimation of the food intake of insectivorous animals.2. Linear mixed effect models were used to obtain equations to predict consumable biomass from body length for a variety of Neotropical insects and spiders. These data were obtained by feeding taxa of various orders to groups of 100 social spiders and comparing pre‐ and post‐consumption weights using size‐matched controls.3. Significant linear relationships were found relating body size to consumed biomass for all orders, with slopes ranging from 1.276 to 4.011 and R2 values from 0.476 to 0.929. For orders other than spiders and Orthoptera, the increase in weight with size exhibited negative allometric scaling, suggesting a decrease in tissue density, or an increase in internal air space, with size.4. Although there were significant differences across taxonomic orders in the proportion of biomass consumed, within most orders the proportion consumed did not differ significantly with body size. The estimated regression coefficients may be used by other workers to estimate consumable biomass of arthropod prey for studies requiring large sample sizes or non‐lethal sampling of rare or endangered species.
Erysiphe alphitoides causes powdery mildew on Eucalyptus gunnii
Authors: Cho S. E. , Lee S. H. , Lee S. K. , Seo S. T. , Shin H. D. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryIn June 2016, pot‐grown Eucalyptus gunnii plants showing typical symptoms of powdery mildew disease were found in a greenhouse in Korea. Morphological characteristics of the anamorph and molecular sequence analyses of the ITS regions and 28S rDNA verified the fungus as Erysiphe alphitoides, which is known as common and widespread powdery mildew on Quercus spp. Although E. alphitoides has been reportedly associated with powdery mildew diseases of tropical trees and shrubs other than Quercus spp., this is the first finding of E. alphitoides on a Eucalyptus tree worldwide.
Age‐specific infectious period shapes dynamics of pneumonia in bighorn sheep
Authors: Plowright Raina K. , Manlove Kezia R. , Besser Thomas E. , Páez David J. , Andrews Kimberly R. , Matthews Patrick E. , Waits Lisette P. , Hudson Peter J. , Cassirer E. Frances 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSuperspreading, the phenomenon where a small proportion of individuals contribute disproportionately to new infections, has profound effects on disease dynamics. Superspreading can arise through variation in contacts, infectiousness or infectious periods. The latter has received little attention, yet it drives the dynamics of many diseases of critical public health, livestock health and conservation concern. Here, we present rare evidence of variation in infectious periods underlying a superspreading phenomenon in a free‐ranging wildlife system. We detected persistent infections of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, the primary causative agent of pneumonia in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), in a small number of older individuals that were homozygous at an immunologically relevant genetic locus. Interactions among age‐structure, genetic composition and infectious periods may drive feedbacks in disease dynamics that determine the magnitude of population response to infection. Accordingly, variation in initial conditions may explain divergent population responses to infection that range from recovery to catastrophic decline and extirpation.
Chronic post‐stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia is associated with impaired cortical activation to pharyngeal sensory inputs
Authors: Cabib C. , Ortega O. , Vilardell N. , Mundet L. , Clavé P. , Rofes L. 
Published: September 2017

Background and purposeThe role of afferent sensory pathways in the pathophysiology of post‐stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia is not known. We hypothesized that patients with chronic post‐stroke dysphagia (PSD) would show impaired sensory cortical activation in the ipsilesional hemisphere.MethodsWe studied 28 chronic unilateral post‐stroke patients [17 PSD and 11 post‐stroke non‐dysphagic patients (PSnD)] and 11 age‐matched healthy volunteers. Event‐related sensory‐evoked potentials to pharyngeal stimulation (pSEP) and sensory thresholds were assessed. We analyzed pSEP peak latency and amplitude (N1, P1, N2 and P2), and neurotopographic stroke characteristics from brain magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsHealthy volunteers presented a highly symmetric bihemispheric cortical pattern of brain activation at centroparietal areas (N1–P1 and N2–P2) to pharyngeal stimuli. In contrast, an asymmetric pattern of reduced ipsilesional activation was found in PSD (N2–P2; P = 0.026) but not in PSnD. PSD presented impaired safety of swallow (penetration–aspiration score: 4.3 ± 1.6), delayed laryngeal vestibule closure (360.0 ± 70.0 ms) and higher National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (7.0 ± 6.2 vs. 1.9 ± 1.4, P = 0.001) and Fazekas scores (3.0 ± 1.4 vs. 2.0 ± 1.1; P < 0.05) than PSnD. pSEP showed a unilateral delay at stroke site exclusively for PSD (peak‐latency interhemispheric difference vs. PSnD: N1, 6.5 ± 6.7 vs. 1.1 ± 1.0 ms; N2, 32.0 ± 15.8 vs. 4.5 ± 4.9 ms; P < 0.05).ConclusionsChronic post‐stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia is associated with stroke severity and degree of leukoaraoisis. Impaired conduction and cortical integration of pharyngeal sensory inputs at stroke site are key features of chronic PSD. These findings highlight the role of sensory pathways in the pathophysiology of post‐stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia and offer a potential target for future treatments.
Progression of prodromal motor and non‐motor symptoms in the premotor phase study – 2‐year follow‐up data
Authors: Liepelt‐Scarfone I. , Brändle B. , Yilmaz R. , Gauss K. , Schaeffer E. , Timmers M. , Wurster I. , Brockmann K. , Maetzler W. , Van Nueten L. , Streffer J. R. , Berg D. 
Published: September 2017

Background and purposeThe neuropathological process starts years before the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Assessment of prodromal features in healthy individuals may help to define those with high risk for future PD. Our aim was to evaluate the presence and progression of prodromal markers in individuals with low risk [healthy controls (HC), n = 14] and high risk for PD (HR‐PD, n = 34) and early PD (n = 14) patients.MethodsSeveral risk or prodromal markers were combined to define HR‐PD. Other prodromal markers were followed in 6‐month intervals for 2 years. As recommended by the Movement Disorder Society Task Force, likelihood ratios (LRs) of markers, motor scores and PD probability scores were calculated and compared.ResultsThe baseline LR for non‐motor prodromal markers was significantly higher in PD and HR‐PD compared to HC. Within 2 years, changes in these LRs did not significantly differ between the groups. Motor worsening was significant only in the PD group (50% of the patients) against HR‐PD (15%) and HC (7%). Change in the non‐motor prodromal LR did not significantly correlate with motor worsening, but higher baseline non‐motor LRs were associated with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III values at 2 years of follow‐up.ConclusionsOur study shows that the frequency of non‐motor prodromal markers is higher in the HR‐PD group but does not increase within 2 years. The progression of motor and non‐motor markers seems to be independent, but higher baseline non‐motor burden is associated with the motor status after 2 years. Moreover, our data argue for a high impact of motor markers in the risk estimation for future PD.
Galectin‐3 and risk of ischaemic stroke: Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke cohort
Authors: Arora P. , Agarwal Z. , Venkatraman A. , Callas P. , Kissela B. M. , Jenny N. S. , Judd S. E. , Zakai N. A. , Cushman M. 
Published: September 2017

Background and purposeGalectin‐3 is a biomarker of atherosclerotic and cardiovascular disease, and may be a useful marker for ischaemic stroke risk.MethodsThe Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort enrolled and examined 30 239 US participants between 2003 and 2007 (41% black, 59% white and 55% in the southeastern stroke belt). Baseline galectin‐3 was measured in 526 subjects with incident ischaemic stroke over 5.4 years and in a cohort random sample (CRS) of 947 participants. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of ischaemic stroke by quartiles of galectin‐3.ResultsIn the CRS, galectin‐3 was significantly higher with older age, black race, female sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and kidney disease, and also in those who developed incident stroke. Participants with galectin‐3 levels in the fourth versus first quartile had a 2.3‐fold increased stroke risk [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6, 3.4] in an unadjusted model. An interaction with age was found (P = 0.06), and therefore age‐stratified analyses were performed. Amongst those younger than age 64, baseline galectin‐3 in the second–fourth quartiles was associated with increased stroke risk (HR 3.0, 95% CI 1.6, 5.5) compared to the first quartile in an age‐, race‐ and sex‐adjusted model. The HR was 2.0 (95% CI 1.0, 4.0) with multivariable adjustment. There was no association amongst older participants.ConclusionsGalectin‐3 was associated with incident ischaemic stroke in younger but not older individuals. Confirmation of this finding, and elucidation of its implications for stroke pathophysiology and prevention, is needed.
Pyrimethamine toxicosis in horses given a compounded medication
Authors: MacKay R. , McLellan J. , Mallicote M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryEight Thoroughbred horses in race training began convulsing within 24 h of dosing with a compounded medication containing toltrazuril and pyrimethamine (PYR); seizures were generalised and multiple in six of the horses. One horse died within 2 h of onset and another persistently recumbent horse was subjected to euthanasia 3 days later. Neurological signs resolved within 4 days of dosing in the remaining six horses but hyperthermia, neutropenia, oral mucositis and alopecia developed in four horses beginning on Day 6. After treatment with folinic acid and folic acid for presumptivePYR‐induced folate deficiency these signs resolved within 3 weeks. One horse developed laminitis and was ultimately subjected to euthanasia >2 months after dosing. The remaining five horses recovered and were discharged. Laboratory analysis of the suspect medication revealed that the concentrations of the two ingredients had accidentally been switched during formulation by the compounding pharmacy so that thePYRconcentration was 405 g/L rather than the intended 17 g/L. This incident highlights the need for caution when using compounded preparations of potentially toxic drugs.