bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robot-assisted procedures in pediatric neurosurgery
Authors: De Benedictis Alessandro , Trezza Andrea , Carai Andrea , Genovese Elisabetta , Procaccini Emidio , Messina Raffaella , Randi Franco , Cossu Silvia , Esposito Giacomo , Palma Paolo , Amante Paolina , Rizzi Michele , Marras Carlo Efisio 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVEDuring the last 3 decades, robotic technology has rapidly spread across several surgical fields due to the continuous evolution of its versatility, stability, dexterity, and haptic properties. Neurosurgery pioneered the development of robotics, with the aim of improving the quality of several procedures requiring a high degree of accuracy and safety. Moreover, robot-guided approaches are of special interest in pediatric patients, who often have altered anatomy and challenging relationships between the diseased and eloquent structures. Nevertheless, the use of robots has been rarely reported in children. In this work, the authors describe their experience using the ROSA device (Robotized Stereotactic Assistant) in the neurosurgical management of a pediatric population.METHODSBetween 2011 and 2016, 116 children underwent ROSA-assisted procedures for a variety of diseases (epilepsy, brain tumors, intra- or extraventricular and tumor cysts, obstructive hydrocephalus, and movement and behavioral disorders). Each patient received accurate preoperative planning of optimal trajectories, intraoperative frameless registration, surgical treatment using specific instruments held by the robotic arm, and postoperative CT or MR imaging.RESULTSThe authors performed 128 consecutive surgeries, including implantation of 386 electrodes for stereo-electroencephalography (36 procedures), neuroendoscopy (42 procedures), stereotactic biopsy (26 procedures), pallidotomy (12 procedures), shunt placement (6 procedures), deep brain stimulation procedures (3 procedures), and stereotactic cyst aspiration (3 procedures). For each procedure, the authors analyzed and discussed accuracy, timing, and complications.CONCLUSIONSTo the best their knowledge, the authors present the largest reported series of pediatric neurosurgical cases assisted by robotic support. The ROSA system provided improved safety and feasibility of minimally invasive approaches, thus optimizing the surgical result, while minimizing postoperative morbidity.
Accuracy of robot-guided versus freehand fluoroscopy-assisted pedicle screw insertion in thoracolumbar spinal surgery
Authors: Molliqaj Granit , Schatlo Bawarjan , Alaid Awad , Solomiichuk Volodymyr , Rohde Veit , Schaller Karl , Tessitore Enrico 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVEThe quest to improve the safety and accuracy and decrease the invasiveness of pedicle screw placement in spine surgery has led to a markedly increased interest in robotic technology. The SpineAssist from Mazor is one of the most widely distributed robotic systems. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of robot-guided and conventional freehand fluoroscopy-guided pedicle screw placement in thoracolumbar surgery.METHODSThis study is a retrospective series of 169 patients (83 women [49%]) who underwent placement of pedicle screw instrumentation from 2007 to 2015 in 2 reference centers. Pathological entities included degenerative disorders, tumors, and traumatic cases. In the robot-assisted cohort (98 patients, 439 screws), pedicle screws were inserted with robotic assistance. In the freehand fluoroscopy-guided cohort (71 patients, 441 screws), screws were inserted using anatomical landmarks and lateral fluoroscopic guidance. Patients treated before 2009 were included in the fluoroscopy cohort, whereas those treated since mid-2009 (when the robot was acquired) were included in the robot cohort. Since then, the decision to operate using robotic assistance or conventional freehand technique has been based on surgeon preference and logistics. The accuracy of screw placement was assessed based on the Gertzbein-Robbins scale by a neuroradiologist blinded to treatment group. The radiological slice with the largest visible deviation from the pedicle was chosen for grading. A pedicle breach of 2 mm or less was deemed acceptable (Grades A and B) while deviations greater than 2 mm (Grades C, D, and E) were classified as misplacements.RESULTSIn the robot-assisted cohort, a perfect trajectory (Grade A) was observed for 366 screws (83.4%). The remaining screws were Grades B (n = 44 [10%]), C (n = 15 [3.4%]), D (n = 8 [1.8%]), and E (n = 6 [1.4%]). In the fluoroscopy-guided group, a completely intrapedicular course graded as A was found in 76% (n = 335). The remaining screws were Grades B (n = 57 [12.9%]), C (n = 29 [6.6%]), D (n = 12 [2.7%]), and E (n = 8 [1.8%]). The proportion of non-misplaced screws (corresponding to Gertzbein-Robbins Grades A and B) was higher in the robot-assisted group (93.4%) than the freehand fluoroscopy group (88.9%) (p = 0.005).CONCLUSIONSThe authors’ retrospective case review found that robot-guided pedicle screw placement is a safe, useful, and potentially more accurate alternative to the conventional freehand technique for the placement of thoracolumbar spinal instrumentation.
Detecting opinion spammer groups and spam targets through community discovery and sentiment analysis
Authors: Choo Euijin , Yu Ting , Chi Min 
Published: May 2017

In this paper we investigate on detecting opinion spammer groups through analyzing how users interact with each other. More specifically, our approaches are based on 1) discovering strong vs. weak implicit communities by mining user interaction patterns, and 2) revealing positive vs. negative communities through sentiment analysis on user interactions. Through extensive experiments over various datasets collected from Amazon, we found that the discovered strong, positive communities are significantly more likely to be opinion spammer groups than other communities. Interestingly, while our approach focused mainly on the characteristics of user interactions, it is comparable to the state of the art content-based classifier that mainly uses various content-based features extracted from user reviews. More importantly, we argue that our approach can be more robust than the latter in that if spammers superficially alter their review contents, our approach can still reliably identify them while the content-based approaches may fail.
Revisiting the Bulge–Halo Conspiracy. I. Dependence on Galaxy Properties and Halo Mass
Authors: Shankar Francesco , Sonnenfeld Alessandro , Mamon Gary A. , Chae Kyu-Hyun , Gavazzi Raphael , Treu Tommaso , Diemer Benedikt , Nipoti Carlo , Buchan Stewart , Bernardi Mariangela , Sheth Ravi , Huertas-Company Marc 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We carry out a systematic investigation of the total mass density profile of massive (

log

M

star

/

M

⊙

≳
11.3

) early-type galaxies and its dependence on galactic properties and host halo mass with the aid of a variety of lensing/dynamical data and large mock galaxy catalogs. The latter are produced via semi-empirical models that, by design, are based on just a few basic input assumptions. Galaxies with measured stellar masses, effective radii, and Sérsic indices, are assigned, via abundance matching relations, host dark matter halos characterized by a typical ΛCDM profile. Our main results are as follows. (1) In line with observational evidence, our semi-empirical models naturally predict that the total, mass-weighted density slope at the effective radius γ′ is not universal, steepening for more compact and/or massive galaxies, but flattening with increasing host halo mass. (2) Models characterized by a Salpeter or variable initial mass function (IMF) and uncontracted dark matter profiles are in good agreement with the data, while a Chabrier IMF and/or adiabatic contractions/expansions of the dark matter halos are highly disfavored. (3) Currently available data on the mass density profiles of very massive galaxies (

log

M

star

/

M

⊙

≳
12

), with

M

halo

≳
3
×

10

14

M

⊙

, favor instead models with a stellar profile flatter than a Sérsic one in the very inner regions (r ≲ 3–5 kpc), and a cored NFW or Einasto dark matter profile with median halo concentration a factor of ∼2 or ≲1.3, respectively, higher than those typically predicted by N-body numerical simulations.
Planet Formation in AB Aurigae: Imaging of the Inner Gaseous Spirals Observed inside the Dust Cavity
Authors: Tang Ya-Wen , Guilloteau Stephane , Dutrey Anne , Muto Takayuki , Shen Bo-Ting , Gu Pin-Gao , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Momose Munetake , Pietu Vincent , Fukagawa Misato , Chapillon Edwige , Ho Paul T. P. , Folco Emmanuel di , Corder Stuartt , Ohashi Nagayoshi , Hashimoto Jun 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We report the results of ALMA observations of a protoplanetary disk surrounding the Herbig Ae star AB Aurigae. We obtained high-resolution (0.″1; 14 au) images in 12CO J = 2 − 1 emission and in the dust continuum at the wavelength of 1.3 mm. The continuum emission is detected at the center and at the ring with a radius (r) of ∼120 au. The CO emission is dominated by two prominent spirals within the dust ring. These spirals are trailing and appear to be about 4 times brighter than their surrounding medium. Their kinematics is consistent with Keplerian rotation at an inclination of 23°. The apparent two-arm-spiral pattern is best explained by tidal disturbances created by an unseen companion located at r of 60–80 au, with dust confined in the pressure bumps created outside this companion orbit. An additional companion at r of 30 au, coinciding with the peak CO brightness and a large pitch angle of the spiral, would help to explain the overall emptiness of the cavity. Alternative mechanisms to excite the spirals are discussed. The origin of the large pitch angle detected here remains puzzling.
The Hawaii SCUBA-2 Lensing Cluster Survey: Radio-detected Submillimeter Galaxies in the HST Frontier Fields
Authors: Hsu 徐 Li-Yen 立研 , Desai Vandana , Murphy Eric J. , Cowie Lennox L. , Heywood Ian , Momjian Emmanuel , Barger Amy J. , Smail Ian 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In this second paper of the Hawaii SCUBA-2 Lensing Cluster Survey series, we cross-match SCUBA-2 maps with 3 and 6 GHz images from the Janksy-VLA Frontier Fields Legacy Survey for three cluster fields, MACS J0416.1–2403, MACS J0717.5+3745, and MACS J1149.5+2223. Within the HST coverage, 14 out of 44 850 μm sources have 3 GHz counterparts, five of which are also detected at 6 GHz. The 850 μm flux densities of these detected sources span from 0.7 to 4.4 mJy after correcting for lensing amplification. The median redshift of the sample is

, much lower than the typical redshifts (z = 2–3) of brighter submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the literature. In addition, we find that our sources have lower dust temperatures than those of the brighter SMGs. This is also confirmed by an analysis of the ratio between infrared star-formation rate and 850 μm flux density. However, these 14 sources may not represent the general submillimeter population at the same flux range, given that the SCUBA-2 sources without radio counterparts are likely at higher redshifts. Detection of these sources would require deeper radio images or submillimeter interferometry.
Analysis of the Intrinsic Mid-infrared L band to Visible–Near-infrared Flux Ratios in Spectral Synthesis Models of Composite Stellar Populations
Authors: Kim Duho , Jansen Rolf A. , Windhorst Rogier A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We analyze the intrinsic flux ratios of various visible–near-infrared filters with respect to 3.5 μm for simple and composite stellar populations (CSPs), and their dependence on age, metallicity, and star formation history (SFH). UV/optical light from stars is reddened and attenuated by dust, where different sightlines across a galaxy suffer varying amounts of extinction. Tamura et al. (2009) developed an approximate method to correct for dust extinction on a pixel-by-pixel basis, dubbed the “

” method, by comparing the observed flux ratio to an empirical estimate of the intrinsic ratio of visible and ∼3.5 μm data. Through extensive modeling, we aim to validate the “

” method for various filters spanning the visible through near-infrared wavelength range, for a wide variety of simple and CSPs. Combining Starburst99 and BC03 models, we built spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of simple (SSP) and composite (CSP) stellar populations for various realistic SFHs, while taking metallicity evolution into account. We convolve various 0.44–1.65 μm filter throughput curves with each model SED to obtain intrinsic flux ratios

. When unconstrained in redshift, the total allowed range of

is 0.6–4.7, or almost a factor of eight. At known redshifts, and in particular at low redshifts (z ≲ 0.01),

is predicted to span a narrow range of 0.6–1.9, especially for early-type galaxies (0.6–0.7), and is consistent with observed

values. The

method can therefore serve as a first-order dust-correction method for large galaxy surveys that combine JWST (rest-frame 3.5 μm) and HST (rest-frame visible–near-IR) data.
Kink Waves in Thin Stratified Magnetically Twisted Flux Tubes
Authors: Lopin I. , Nagorny I. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We investigate for the first time the propagation of transverse (kink) waves along a thin non-isothermal gravity-stratified (expanding) and twisted magnetic flux tube. For a linear magnetic twist, we applied the method of radial expansion to the wave variables. In a zeroth-order approximation, the incompressible transverse plasma motion does not distort the cross section of the tube. In the framework of this model, a wave equation governing the propagation of a kink wave along a twisted expanding magnetic tube is derived. It is found that a linear magnetic twist does not affect the propagation. However, the vertical gradient of temperature (pressure scale height) of a non-isothermal atmosphere introduces a spatially local cutoff frequency for kink waves. For a linear profile of the distribution of the scale height, the cutoff period was found to be approximately T = 700 s in the region of the minimum temperature. In a special case of an isothermal atmosphere inside and outside the tube, there is no cutoff to the propagation of kink waves. It is shown that the magnetic twist increases the energy flux of kink waves for modes with m = 1 and decreases it for modes with

. This effect is stronger for lower-frequency waves. The estimated wave energy flux, supported by the thin twisted and expanding magnetic flux tubes, can compensate the energy losses in the solar corona.
Enhancement of Feedback Efficiency by Active Galactic Nucleus Outflows via the Magnetic Tension Force in the Inhomogeneous Interstellar Medium
Authors: Asahina Yuta , Nomura Mariko , Ohsuga Ken 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
By performing three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics simulations of subrelativistic jets and disk winds propagating into the magnetized inhomogeneous interstellar medium (ISM), we investigate the magnetic effects on the active galactic nucleus feedback. Our simulations reveal that the magnetic tension force promotes the acceleration of the dense gas clouds, since the magnetic field lines, which are initially straight, bend around the gas clouds. In the jet models, the velocity dispersion of the clouds increases with an increase in the initial magnetic fields. The increment of the kinetic energy of the clouds is proportional to the initial magnetic fields, implying that the magnetic tension force increases the energy conversion efficiency from the jet to the gas clouds. Through simulations of the mildly collimated disk wind and the funnel-shaped disk wind, we confirm that such an enhancement of the energy conversion efficiency via the magnetic fields appears even if the energy is injected via the disk winds. The enhancement of the acceleration of the dense part of the magnetized ISM via the magnetic tension force will occur wherever the magnetized inhomogeneous matter is blown away.
Far-infrared Properties of Infrared-bright Dust-obscured Galaxies Selected with IRAS and AKARI Far-infrared All-sky Survey
Authors: Toba Yoshiki , Nagao Tohru , Wang Wei-Hao , Matsuhara Hideo , Akiyama Masayuki , Goto Tomotsugu , Koyama Yusei , Ohyama Youich , Yamamura Issei 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We investigate the star-forming activity of a sample of infrared (IR)-bright dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs) that show an extreme red color in the optical and IR regime,

. Combining an IR-bright DOG sample with the flux at 22 μm > 3.8 mJy discovered by Toba & Nagao with the IRAS faint source catalog version 2 and AKARI far-IR (FIR) all-sky survey bright source catalog version 2, we selected 109 DOGs with FIR data. For a subsample of seven IR-bright DOGs with spectroscopic redshifts (

) that were obtained from the literature, we estimated their IR luminosity, star formation rate (SFR), and stellar mass based on the spectral energy distribution fitting. We found that (1) the WISE 22 μm luminosity at the observed frame is a good indicator of IR luminosity for IR-bright DOGs and (2) the contribution of the active galactic nucleus to IR luminosity increases with IR luminosity. By comparing the stellar mass and SFR relation for our DOG sample and the literature, we found that most of the IR-bright DOGs lie significantly above the main sequence of star-forming galaxies at similar redshift, indicating that the majority of IRAS- or AKARI-detected IR-bright DOGs are starburst galaxies.
Quenching of Supermassive Black Hole Growth around the Apparent Maximum Mass
Authors: Ichikawa Kohei , Inayoshi Kohei 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Recent quasar surveys have revealed that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) rarely exceed a mass of M
BH ∼ a few × 1010

during the entire cosmic history. It has been argued that quenching of the BH growth is caused by a transition of a nuclear accretion disk into an advection-dominated accretion flow, with which strong outflows and/or jets are likely to be associated. We investigate the relationship between the maximum mass of SMBHs and the radio-loudness of quasars with a well-defined sample of ∼105 quasars at a redshift range of 0 < z < 2, obtained from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys DR7 catalog. We find that the number fraction of the radio-loud (RL) quasars increases above a threshold of M
BH ≃ 2 × 109

, independent of their redshifts. Moreover, the number fraction of RL quasars with lower Eddington ratios (out of all RL quasars), indicating lower accretion rates, increases above the critical BH mass. These observational trends can be natural consequences of the proposed scenario of suppressing BH growth around the apparent maximum mass of ∼1010

. The ongoing VLA Sky Survey in radio will allow us to estimate of the exact number fraction of RL quasars more precisely, which gives further insight into the quenching processes for BH growth.
Severe Extraarticular Manifestations in a Community-based Cohort of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Risk Factors and Incidence in Relation to Treatment with Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
Authors: Theander Lisa , Nyhäll-Wåhlin Britt-Marie , Nilsson Jan-Åke , Willim Minna , Jacobsson Lennart T.H. , Petersson Ingemar F. , Turesson Carl 
Published: May 2017

Objective.The aims of this study were to evaluate whether treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects the risk of developing severe extraarticular rheumatoid arthritis (ExRA) manifestations and to investigate potential predictors for developing ExRA.Methods.A dynamic community-based cohort of patients with RA was studied (n = 1977). Clinical records were reviewed and cases of severe ExRA were identified. Information on exposure to TNF inhibitors was obtained from a regional register. Exposure to TNF inhibitors was analyzed in a time-dependent fashion and the incidence of severe ExRA in exposed patients was compared with the incidence in unexposed patients. Cox regression models were used to assess potential predictors of severe ExRA.Results.During treatment with TNF inhibitors, there were 17 patients with new onset of severe ExRA in 2400 person-years at risk (PY; 0.71/100 PY, 95% CI 0.41–1.13) compared with 104 in 15,599 PY (0.67/100 PY, 95% CI 0.54–0.81) in patients without TNF inhibitors. This corresponded to an incidence rate ratio of 1.06 (95% CI 0.60–1.78). The age- and sex-adjusted HR for ExRA in anti-TNF–treated patients was 1.21 (95% CI 1.02–1.43), with similar findings in models adjusted for time-dependent Health Assessment Questionnaire and propensity for anti-TNF treatment. Male sex, positive rheumatoid factor (RF), long disease duration, and greater disability were predictors for ExRA.Conclusion.This study suggests that patients treated with TNF inhibitors are at a slightly increased risk of developing severe ExRA. RF-positive patients with disabling disease of long duration were more likely to develop severe ExRA.
Poor Predictive Value of Isolated Adventitial and Periadventitial Infiltrates in Temporal Artery Biopsies for Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Le Pendu Claire , Meignin Véronique , Gonzalez-Chiappe Solange , Hij Adrian , Galateau-Sallé Françoise , Mahr Alfred 
Published: May 2017

Objective.We investigated the diagnostic value of inflammation limited to the adventitia (ILA), and isolated vasa vasorum or small-vessel vasculitis (VVV, SVV) in temporal artery biopsies (TAB) for giant cell arteritis (GCA).Methods.Two pathologists reviewed consecutive first TAB. Using the clinical diagnoses as the gold standard, positive predictive values (PPV) were calculated.Results.Among the 75 patients without classic TAB features of GCA, 8 had GCA diagnoses. The PPV of ILA, VVV, and SVV seen by either or both pathologists were 17%, 0%, and 7%, and 17%, 0%, and 10%, respectively.Conclusion.(Peri)adventitial infiltrates in TAB poorly predict GCA.
Investing in lean to improve basic capabilities: A strategy for system supply?
Authors: Carlsson Inga-Lill , Aronsson Håkan 
Published: May 2017

Purpose: This paper describes the perceived effects of implementing lean production in a Swedish SME contract manufacturer. Especially focused are the effects on, and possible trade-offs between, cost-efficiency and flexibility.Design/methodology/approach: SME suppliers need basic capabilities of qualitative production performance which may then be stepping-stones to develop more system supplier capabilities for added customer value: leadership to manage systems and processes, SCM, communications and relations management. Development of stable production processes is seen as a way to reach stable basic performance, efficient and with higher resource utilization. Quality is a precursor to delivery performance as well as to cost reduction and flexibility. This is a longitudinal single case study of a SME supplier striving to become a system supplier. Two main sources of data collection are used: interviews and the main author’s presence as employee and business developer, participating in and following up the ongoing change process.Findings: Two specific findings appeared: (1) An initial effect was an important “eye-opener” for the balance between cost efficiency and flexibility in the organization. (2) Process orientation, as the basis of both lean and agile approaches, allows many improvements without any conflicts or trade-offs between these two goals. Stability in the production leads to increased controllability, initially resulting in both higher cost-efficiency and higher flexibility. As the organization develops however, strategic considerations relating to the chosen market strategy might occur: cost leadership or differentiation. Research limitations/implications: These results reflect the experiences of one SME supplier and further studies are needed for generalizability.Originality/value: The study increases the understanding of how a SME may develop stable processes in its different supplier-customer contexts. The study points at some necessary basic components of this process approach as a first step for the transition to system supplier.