bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phage-specific antibodies: are they a hurdle for the success of phage therapy?
Authors: Washizaki Ayaka , Sakiyama Arata , Ando Hiroki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Phage therapy has attracted attention again owing to the increasing number of drug-resistant bacteria. Although the efficacy of phage therapy has been reported, numerous studies have indicated that the generation of phage-specific antibodies resulting from phage administration might have an impact on clinical outcomes. Phage-specific antibodies promote phage uptake by macrophages and contribute to their rapid clearance from the body. In addition, phage-specific neutralizing antibodies bind to the phages and diminish their antibacterial activity. Thus, phage-specific antibody production and its role in phage therapy have been analyzed both in vitro and in vivo. Strategies for prolonging the blood circulation time of phages have also been investigated. However, despite these efforts, the results of clinical trials are still inconsistent, and a consensus on whether phage-specific antibodies influence clinical outcomes has not yet been reached. In this review, we summarize the phage-specific antibody production during phage therapy. In addition, we introduce recently performed clinical trials and discuss whether phage-specific antibodies affect clinical outcomes and what we can do to further improve phage therapy regimens.
Mapping and characterizing magnetic fields in the Rho Ophiuchus-A molecular cloud with SOFIA/HAWC+
Authors: Lê Ngân , Tram Le Ngoc , Karska Agata , Hoang Thiem , Diep Pham Ngoc , Hanasz Michał , Ngoc Nguyen Bich , Phuong Nguyen Thi , Menten Karl M. , Wyrowski Friedrich , Nguyen Dieu D. , Hoang Thuong Duc , Khang Nguyen Minh 
Published: September 2024

Context.Together with gravity, turbulence, and stellar feedback, magnetic fields (B-fields) are thought to play a critical role in the evolution of molecular clouds and star formation processes. The polarization of thermal dust emission is a popular tracer of B-fields in star-forming regions.Aims.We aim to map the morphology and measure the strength of B-fields of the nearby molecular cloud, rho Ophiuchus-A(ρOph-A), to understand the role of B-fields in regulating star formation and in shaping the cloud.Methods.We analyzed the far-infrared (FIR) polarization of thermal dust emission observed by SOFIA/HAWC+ at 89 and 154 μm toward the densest part ofρOph-A, which is irradiated by the nearby B3/4 star, Oph-S1. These FIR polarimetric maps cover an area of ~4.5′ × 4.5′ (corresponding to 0″.18 × 0″.18 pc2) with an angular resolution of 7.8″ and 13.6″ respectively.Results.TheρOph-A cloud exhibits well-ordered B-fields with magnetic orientations that are mainly perpendicular to the ridge of the cloud toward the densest region. We obtained a map of B-field strengths in the range of 0.2–2.5 mG, using the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi (DCF) method. The B-fields are strongest at the densest part of the cloud, which is associated with the starless core SM1, and then decrease toward the outskirts of the cloud. By calculating the map of the mass-to-flux ratio, Alfvén Mach number, and plasmaβparameter inρOph-A, we find that the cloud is predominantly magnetically sub-critical, sub-Alfvénic, which implies that the cloud is supported by strong B-fields that dominate over gravity, turbulence, and thermal gas energy. The measured B-field strengths at the two densest subsregions using other methods that account for the compressible mode are relatively lower than that measured with the DCF method. However, these results do not significantly change our conclusions on the roles of B-fields relative to gravity and turbulence on star formation. Our virial analysis suggests that the cloud is gravitationally unbound, which is consistent with the previous detection of numerous starless cores in the cloud. By comparing the magnetic pressure with the radiation pressure from the Oph-S1 star, we find that B-fields are sufficiently strong to support the cloud against radiative feedback and to regulate the shape of the cloud.
Connectivity between the solar photosphere and chromosphere in a vortical structure
Authors: Díaz-Castillo S. M. , Fischer C. E. , Rezaei R. , Steiner O. , Berdyugina S. 
Published: September 2024

Context. High-resolution solar observations have revealed the existence of small-scale vortices, as seen in chromospheric intensity maps and velocity diagnostics. Frequently, these vortices have been observed near magnetic flux concentrations, indicating a link between swirls and the evolution of the small-scale magnetic fields. Vortices have also been studied with magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulations of the solar atmosphere, revealing their complexity, dynamics, and magnetic nature. In particular, it has been proposed that a rotating magnetic field structure driven by a photospheric vortex flow at its footprint produces the chromospheric swirling plasma motion.
Aims. We present a complete and comprehensive description of the time evolution of a small-scale magnetic flux concentration interacting with the intergranular vortex flow and affected by processes of intensification and weakening of its magnetic field. In addition, we study the chromospheric dynamics associated with the interaction, including the analysis of a chromospheric swirl and an impulsive chromospheric jet.
Methods. We studied observations taken with the CRisp Imaging SpectroPolarimeter (CRISP) instrument and the CHROMospheric Imaging Spectrometer (CHROMIS) at the Swedish Solar Telescope (SST) in April 2019. The data were recorded at quiet-Sun disc centre, consisting of full Stokes maps in the Fe I line at 6173 Å and in the Ca II infrared triplet line at 8542 Å, as well as spectroscopic maps in the lines of Hα 6563 Å and Ca II K 3934 Å. Utilising the multi-wavelength data and performing height-dependent Stokes inversion, based on methods of local correlation tracking and wavelet analysis, we studied several atmospheric properties during the event lifetime. This approach allowed us to interpret the spatial and temporal connectivity between the photosphere and the chromosphere.
Results. We identified the convective collapse process as the initial mechanism of magnetic field intensification, generating a re-bound flow moving upwards within the magnetic flux concentration. This disturbance eventually steepens into an acoustic shock wave that dissipates in the lower chromosphere, heating it locally. We observed prolonged magnetic field amplification when the vortex flow disappears during the propagation of the upward velocity disturbance. We propose that this type of magnetic field amplification could be attributed to changes in the local vorticity. Our analysis indicates the rotation of a magnetic structure that extends from the photosphere to the chromosphere, anchored to a photospheric magnetic flux concentration. It appears to be affected by a propagating shock wave and its subsequent dissipation process could be related to the release of the jet.
Junge Erwachsene mit Krebs (AYA): Präferenzen und
geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der ambulanten psychosozialen Versorgung
– Ergebnisse der AYA-LE Studie
Authors: Görres Charlyn , Leuteritz Katja , Sender Annekathrin , Geue Kristina 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Untersuchung der Präferenzen für einzelne ambulante
Themenschwerpunkte sowie der Wünsche bezüglich deren Umsetzung aus Sicht junger
Erwachsener mit Krebs (AYA=„adolescents and young adults“) in Deutschland.
Methodik 514 AYA wurden im Alter von 18–39 Jahren zweimal im Abstand von
12 Monaten (t1=unmittelbar nach der Akutbehandlung, t2=12 Monate nach Ende der
Akutbehandlung) zur ambulanten psychosozialen Versorgung befragt. Dabei wurden
Wichtigkeit und Zufriedenheit mit 6 ambulanten psychosozialen
Themenschwerpunkten, wie Angst, Auswirkungen der Erkrankung auf
Partnerschaft/Familie und soziales Umfeld, Zukunftsperspektiven, eigene
Bewältigungsmöglichkeiten, Sexualität und Kinderwunsch/Fruchtbarkeit sowie mit
sechs ambulanten psychosozialen Versorgungsangeboten erfasst. Die subjektive
Wichtigkeit und Zufriedenheit mit den Themen in der Versorgung und -angeboten
der AYA wurden mittels Varianz- und Moderatoranalysen untersucht.
Ergebnisse Am wichtigsten wurden die psychosozialen Themen berufliche
Zukunftsperspektiven (M=3,22, SD=1,56), eigene Bewältigungsmöglichkeiten
(M=3,52, SD=1,46) und soziale Auswirkungen (M=3,19, SD=1,54) für
Versorgungsangebote eingestuft. Die größten Unzufriedenheiten zeigten sich bei
den psychosozialen Themenschwerpunkten Sexualität (M=2,01, SD=1,59) und
Kinderwunsch/Fruchtbarkeit (M=2,08, SD=1,72). Die am häufigsten gewünschten
psychosozialen Versorgungsangebote waren Entspannungsverfahren (M=3,46, SD=1,36)
und psychologische Beratung (M=3,43, SD=1,46) zum Zeitpunkt t2. Weibliche AYA
bewerteten die Versorgungsangebote psychologische Beratung (F[1,199)=9,21,
p=0,003), soziale Beratung (F[1,221]=6,60, p=0,011), kreative Therapieangebote
(F[1,219]=21,74, p<0,001), Selbsthilfegruppen (F[1,215]=4,29, p=0,040),
Patientenschulungen (F[1,210]=6,96, p=0,009) und Entspannungsverfahren
(F[1,194]=23,68, p<0,001) signifikant wichtiger als männliche AYA.
Schlussfolgerungen AYA gaben Unzufriedenheiten mit einigen bestehenden
ambulanten Versorgungsangeboten an. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass
geschlechtsübergreifende und geschlechtsspezifische Versorgungswünsche von AYA
berücksichtigt werden müssen, um die ambulanten psychosozialen
Versorgungsangebote zu verbessern. Dabei sollten spezifische
AYA-Versorgungsangebote konzipiert und umgesetzt werden, welche die
Themenbereiche Sexualität, Kinderwunsch und Fruchtbarkeit abdecken. In der
ambulanten Praxis ist es wichtig, beteiligte Berufsgruppen hinischtlich
präferierter psychosozialer Themenschwerpunkte und -modalitäten zu
sensibilisieren. Zukünftige Forschungsarbeiten sollten Geschlechtsunterschiede
vertiefender untersuchen.
The Acylation of α-Carbonyl Sulfoxonium Ylides with N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters
Authors: Burtoloso Antonio C. B. , Mizobuchi Eduardo F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of 1,3-dicarbonyl sulfoxonium ylides is described. This acylation reaction is carried out under mild conditions using inexpensive and bench-stable N-hydroxyphthalimide esters as acylating agents. The reactions proceed via a non-radical, transition-metal-free pathway, and the corresponding products are obtained in yields of up to 85%.
Potassium tert-Butoxide Promoted α-Keto Ester Synthesis through C(O)–N Bond Cleavage of Isatins
Authors: Dash Jyotirmayee , Ghosh Tridev , Basak Soumya Jyoti 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe present a novel and cost-effective method for synthesizing biologically important α-keto esters in a single-step reaction. This approach involves a sequential cascade process within a single reaction vessel facilitated by t-BuOK, which promoted the cleavage of the sp2 C(O)–N bond of an isatin and the formation of a new N–C(sp2)(O) bond with benzoyl chloride. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first instance of the construction of an α-keto ester scaffold adjacent to an amide group through a one-pot process. In comparison to existing methods, our protocol offers several advantages: readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, a concise synthetic pathway, high sustainability, and excellent tolerance towards various functional groups. Given these strengths, we anticipate widespread use of this method in the synthesis of related α-keto ester scaffolds.
A Concise Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-8-Epigrosheimin via Catalyst-Free Tandem Allylboration–Lactonization
Authors: Maity Dhananjoy , Maity Ramkrishna , Hajra Saumen , Jana Manoranjan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA concise and scalable asymmetric synthesis of (+)-8-epigrosheimin is reported in nine steps using only three column chromatographic purifications with an overall yield 47.0% from (R)-(–)-carvone. Two synthetic routes are evaluated by catalyst-free tandem allylboration–lactonization of two carvone-derived aldehydes and subsequent ene cyclization, where strategy via Lee–Lay aldehyde is found to be more effective for 8-epigrosheimin.
Novel Organosulfur Building Blocks for Heterocycle Synthesis
Authors: Ila Hiriyakkanavar , Peruncheralathan Saravanan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present article provides a personalized account of our recent work on the synthesis of substituted and fused five-membered heterocycles using various organosulfur building blocks, derived primarily through base-mediated condensation of active methylene compounds with (het)aryl/alkyl dithioesters, which have not been previously explored. We initially describe the ring-opening transformations of 4-[(methylthio)-(het)aryl-methylene]-2-phenyl-5-oxazolones, leading to the synthesis of functionalized oxazoles, thiazoles, and bisoxazoles. We then go on to focus on the synthesis of substituted benzothiophenes, indoles, and benzofurans, as well as their hetero-fused analogs. These compounds are synthesized via transition-metal-catalyzed intramolecular C–heteroatom (C–S, C–N, C–O) bond formation (via cross-coupling or C–H bond functionalization) of various reactive organosulfur intermediates, derived from base-mediated condensation of 2-bromo(het)arylacetonitriles, acetates, or desoxybenzoins or the corresponding 2-unsubstituted precursors. Finally, we highlight the synthetic applications of a new class of previously unexplored organosulfur building blocks, namely, unsymmetrically substituted 1,3-bis(het)aryl-1,3-monothioketones, derived via base-mediated condensation of ketones with (het)aryl/alkyl dithioesters, for the regioselective synthesis of substituted pyrazoles, isoxazoles, thiophenes, imidazoles, and benzothiophenes.1	Introduction2	4-[(Methylthio)-het(aryl)-methylene]-2-phenyl/2-(2-thienyl)-5-oxazolones: Versatile Templates for the Synthesis of Oxazoles, Thiazoles, and Bisoxazoles3	Synthesis of Benzothiophenes, Indoles, and Benzofurans via Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Intramolecular C–Heteroatom Bond Formation4	1,3-Bis(het)arylmonothio-1,3-diketones and 1,3-Bis(Het)aryl-3-(methylthio)-2-propenones: Versatile Intermediates for the Regioselective Synthesis of Five-Membered Heterocycles5	Conclusion
In the shadow of country risk: asset pricing model of emerging market corporate bonds
Authors: Vladimirova Desislava 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe examine the covariances of corporate bonds in emerging markets (EM) and present an asset pricing framework using instrumented principal component analysis (IPCA) that includes characteristics at the sovereign and bond levels. Our results indicate that EM bond returns are significantly influenced by country-specific risks. Incorporating these characteristics can improve both the total and cross-sectional model fit. We demonstrate that a factor framework tailored to the nuances of the EM universe generates a significant alpha of 2% per annum against the market and a higher information ratio than alternative asset pricing models, such as a conditional beta model designed for developed market (DM) bonds.
Depression, anxiety, and student satisfaction with university life among college students: a cross-lagged study
Authors: Liu Xinqiao , Wang Jingxuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that a high prevalence of depression and anxiety is a key factor leading to a decrease in student satisfaction with university life. Therefore, this study used two waves of longitudinal data to investigate the longitudinal relationships among depression, anxiety, and student satisfaction with university life among college students. We employed correlation analysis and cross-lagged models to analyze the correlation and cross-lagged relationships among depression, anxiety, and student satisfaction with university life. The results indicate a significant negative correlation between depression and student satisfaction with university life. The cross-lagged models indicate that depression (Time 1) negatively predicts student satisfaction with university life (Time 2). Anxiety (Time 1) does not have a significant predictive effect on student satisfaction with university life (Time 2). Moreover, student satisfaction with university life negatively predicts both depression (Time 2) and anxiety (Time 2). Improving student satisfaction with university life has a significant impact on reducing levels of depression and anxiety among college students. The research results can provide valuable information for mental health professionals, school administrators, and policymakers, enabling them to take more targeted measures to reduce depression and anxiety symptoms among university students and enhance student satisfaction with university life.
Fabrication and high-power testing of an X-band high-power phase shifter for the very compact inverse Compton scattering gamma-ray source
Authors: Hu Fangjun , Zha Hao , Shi Jiaru , Gao Qiang , Liu Focheng , Gao Jian , Feng Boyuan , Li Hongyu , Li Qingzhu , Gu Weihang , Chen Huaibi 
Published: September 2024

This paper proposed an X-band phase shifter for the very compact inverse Compton scattering gamma-ray source program at Tsinghua University and conducted its structure design, numerical simulation, fabrication, cold test, and high-power testing. This phase shifter is composed of a polarizer, circular waveguide, and a piston with a choke structure. The simulation results show that the reflection coefficient of the phase shifter is under −40 dB and the insertion coefficient exceeds −0.06 dB at the operating frequency of 11.424 GHz. The phase variation is 20°/mm, and a linear phase change from 0° to 360° can be achieved with a piston displacement of 18 mm. The manufactured phase shifter has exhibited good performance in the cold test by using the vector network analyzer. After 16 h conditioning in the Tsinghua X-band high-power test stand, the phase shifter reached a peak power of 72 MW at 230 ns pulse width and a peak power of 82 MW at 130 ns pulse width. After processing signals from the high-speed oscilloscope, it was found that the transmission phase variations were in good agreement with the simulation results.
Liquid water radiolysis induced by secondary electrons generated from MeV-energy carbon ions
Authors: Tsuchida Hidetsugu , Tezuka Tomoya , Kai Takeshi , Matsuya Yusuke , Majima Takuya , Saito Manabu 
Published: September 2024

Fast ion beams induce damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by chemical products, including secondary electrons, produced from interaction with liquid water in living cells. However, the production process of these chemical products in the Bragg peak region used in particle therapy is not fully understood. To investigate this process, we conducted experiments to evaluate the radiolytic yields produced when a liquid water jet in vacuum is irradiated with MeV-energy carbon beams. We used secondary ion mass spectrometry to measure the products, such as hydronium cations (H3O+) and hydroxyl anions (OH−), produced along with ·OH radicals, which are significant inducers of DNA damage formation. In addition, we simulated the ionization process in liquid water by incident ions and secondary electrons using a Monte Carlo code for radiation transport. Our results showed that secondary electrons, rather than incident ions, are the primary cause of ionization in water. We found that the production yield of H3O+ or OH− was linked to the frequency of ionization by secondary electrons in water, with these electrons having energies between 10.9 and 550 eV. These electrons are responsible for ionizing the outer-shell electrons of water molecules. Finally, we present that the elementary processes contribute to advancing radiation biophysics and biochemistry, which study the formation mechanism of DNA damage.
Atomic scale etching of diamond: insights from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Draney Jack S , Vella Joseph R , Panagiotopoulos Athanassios Z , Graves David B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Diamond is a promising material for multiple applications in quantum information processing and sensing as well as applications in microelectronics. However, diamond devices can be limited by surface defects that compromise charge stability and spin coherence, among others. Improved strategies in plasma etching of diamond could play an important role in minimizing or eliminating these defects. In this work, we explore plasma-assisted atomic scale etching of diamond using argon ions (Ar+), hydrogen ions (H+) and hydrogen atoms (H). We employ classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and test several interatomic potentials based on the Reactive Empirical Bond Order (REBO) form with comparisons to a variety of published experimental results. We performed MD simulations of low-energy hydrogen (

⩽

50 eV) and argon (

⩽

200 eV) ion bombardment of diamond surfaces. Ar+ bombardment can be used to locally smooth initially rough diamond surfaces via the formation of an amorphous C layer, the thickness of which increases with argon ion energy. Subsequent exposure with hydrogen ions (or fast neutrals) will selectively etch this amorphous C layer, leaving the underlying diamond layer mostly intact if the H energy is maintained below about 10 eV. The simulations suggest that combining Ar+ smoothing with selective, near threshold energy H removal of amorphous C can be an effective strategy for diamond surface engineering, leading to more reliable and sensitive diamond color center devices.
Inline estimation of volume fraction in Newtonian emulsions based on ultrasonic velocity profiling viscometry
Authors: Zheng Wenqing , Tasaka Yuji , Ohie Kohei , Murai Yuichi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We propose a method for estimating volume fraction of emulsions based on ultrasonic velocity profiling viscometry and validate its feasibility through a series of experiments. The experiments involve emulsions composed of silicone oil as continuous phase and tap water with volume fractions ranging from 10vol% to 30vol%. We introduce the viscosity model for this emulsion to establish the mathematical relationship between volume fraction and viscosity. Subsequently, we calibrate this relationship using ultrasonic spinning rheometry (USR). The identified equation is then applied in estimating the inline volume fraction using ultrasonic velocity profiling combined with pressure drop measurement. The key idea is that by measuring the viscosity in a pipeline the volume fraction is then indirectly estimated employing the identified equation. Through the collection and analysis of experimental data, we confirmed that the USR can capture the characteristics of the emulsion viscosity accurately. Moreover, we found that this method demonstrates applicability and accuracy in measuring volume fractions of emulsions. The results indicate that the mean relative error for this estimation is 24.06% at a volume fraction of 10vol%, and 4.78% at a volume fraction of 30vol%.