bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Gas Feeding the Circumnuclear Disk of the Galactic Center
Authors: Hsieh Pei-Ying , Koch Patrick M. , Ho Paul T. P. , Kim Woong-Tae , Tang Ya-Wen , Wang Hsiang-Hsu , Yen Hsi-Wei , Hwang Chorng-Yuan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The interaction between a supermassive black hole (SMBH) and the surrounding material is of primary importance in modern astrophysics. The detection of the molecular 2 pc circumnuclear disk (CND) immediately around the Milky Way SMBH, SgrA*, provides a unique opportunity to study SMBH accretion at subparsec scales. Our new wide-field CS(J = 2 − 1) map toward the Galactic center (GC) reveals multiple dense molecular streamers that originated from the ambient clouds 20 pc further out, and that are connected to the central 2 pc of the CND. These dense gas streamers appear to carry gas directly toward the nuclear region and might be captured by the central potential. Our phase-plot analysis indicates that these streamers show a signature of rotation and inward radial motion with progressively higher velocities as the gas approaches the CND and finally ends up corotating with the CND. Our results might suggest a possible mechanism of gas feeding the CND from 20 pc around 2 pc in the GC. In this paper, we discuss the morphology and the kinematics of these streamers. As the nearest observable Galactic nucleus, this feeding process may have implications for understanding the processes in extragalactic nuclei.
FUV Irradiation and the Heat Signature of Accretion in Protoplanetary Disk Atmospheres
Authors: R. Najita Joan , Ádámkovics Máté 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Although stars accrete mass throughout the first few million years of their lives, the physical mechanism that drives disk accretion in the T Tauri phase is uncertain, and diagnostics that probe the nature of disk accretion have been elusive, particularly in the planet formation region of the disk. Here we explore whether an accretion process such as the magnetorotational instability (MRI) could be detected through its “heat signature,” the energy it deposits in the disk atmosphere. To examine this possibility, we investigate the impact of accretion-related mechanical heating and energetic stellar irradiation (FUV and X-rays) on the thermal-chemical properties of disk atmospheres at planet formation distances. We find that stellar FUV irradiation (

and continuum), through its role in heating and photodissociation, affects much of the upper warm (400–2000 K) molecular layer of the atmosphere, and the properties of the layer are generally in good agreement with the observed molecular emission features of disks at UV, near-infrared, and mid-infrared wavelengths. At the same time, the effect of FUV irradiation is restricted to the upper molecular layer of the disk, even when irradiation by

is included. The region immediately below the FUV-heated layer is potentially dominated by accretion-related mechanical heating. As cooler (90–400 K) CO, water, and other molecules are potential diagnostics of the mechanically heated layer, emission line studies of these diagnostics might be used to search for evidence of the MRI in action.
Thick Disks in the Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields
Authors: Elmegreen Bruce G. , Elmegreen Debra Meloy , Tompkins Brittany , Jenks Leah G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Thick disk evolution is studied using edge-on galaxies in two Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Field Parallels. The galaxies were separated into 72 clumpy types and 35 spiral types with bulges. Perpendicular light profiles in F435W, F606W, and F814W (B, V, and I) passbands were measured at 1 pixel intervals along the major axes and fitted to sech2 functions convolved with the instrument line spread function (LSF). The LSF was determined from the average point spread function of ∼20 stars in each passband and field, convolved with a line of uniform brightness to simulate disk blurring. A spread function for a clumpy disk was also used for comparison. The resulting scale heights were found to be proportional to galactic mass, with the average height for a 1010±0.5
M
⊙ galaxy at z = 2 ± 0.5 equal to 0.63 ± 0.24 kpc. This value is probably the result of a blend between thin and thick disk components that cannot be resolved. Evidence for such two-component structure is present in an inverse correlation between height and midplane surface brightness. Models suggest that the thick disk is observed best between the clumps, and there the average scale height is 1.06 ± 0.43 kpc for the same mass and redshift. A 0.63 ± 0.68 mag V − I color differential with height is also evidence for a mixture of thin and thick components.
Des colonies russes à L’Amérique noire... et retour. Lénine et Langston Hughes
Authors: Renault Matthieu 
Published: September 2017

Les essais de Lénine sur l’autodétermination nationale et les luttes anticoloniales sont bien connus. Beaucoup moins le sont ses écrits plus précoces, dans lesquels les « nations opprimées » brillent par leur absence, sur le processus de colonisation intérieure des « terres libres » des périphéries de l’Empire russe. Trouvant leur prolongement dans des réflexions croisées sur le devenir du servage en Russie et de l’esclavage aux États-Unis, ces textes nous enjoignent à jeter un regard nouveau sur l’identification opérée plus tard entre la condition des peuples d’Asie et d’Afrique ployant sous le joug de l’impérialisme européen et celle des Noirs américains se définissant eux-mêmes comme des colonisés de l’intérieur. Le récit de voyage du poète africain-américain Langston Hughes en Asie centrale soviétique au début des années 1930 offre enfin une perspective privilégiée pour réinterroger l’émancipation des peuples « de couleur » de l’Empire après 1917, et ses limites.
La création d’un orchestre rom à partir d’un squat de migrants : quels usages de l’« authenticité identitaire » ?
Authors: Clavé-Mercier Alexandra 
Published: September 2017

Cet article entend questionner les discours sur l’« authenticité identitaire » et les enjeux qui leur sont sous-jacents à travers l’analyse de la construction de la musique « rom » comme objet patrimonial. Dans une agglomération française, un orchestre réunissant des migrants roms bulgares a été mis en place par deux acteurs de la société civile. Les membres de l’orchestre étant présentés dans la presse comme des Roms vivant en squat et jouant une musique « traditionnelle des plus authentiques », il est intéressant d’analyser les discours sur ce dispositif en lien avec l’identité ethnique « rom ». Sont également interrogées les motivations des différents acteurs participant à cette construction d’objet culturel, en soulignant l’importance des contextes migratoire et sociopolitique et notamment la fortement présente « injonction à l’intégration ». Les effets de cette construction culturelle et les changements qu’elle entraîne pour les membres du groupe sont ensuite analysés. L’article montre in fine que la création de l’orchestre cristallise les ambiguïtés entre une assignation identitaire et les stratégies d’acteurs qui s’en saisissent à leur façon.
Une patrimonialisation des migrations en tension entre le local et le transnational. L’exemple d’un projet « d’écomusée peul » dans la région de Matam (Sénégal)
Authors: Garnier Julie , Leblon Anaïs 
Published: September 2017

Dans cet article, nous proposons d’explorer les rapports qui lient la fabrique « d’un patrimoine culturel » à l’expérience de la migration, celle-ci apparaissant comme un élément déclencheur de la patrimonialisation. Nous prendrons appui pour cela sur l’étude d’un projet d’« écomusée peul » dans la région de Matam au Sénégal, porté par un collectif de migrants ouest-africains en France : quels enjeux de signification recouvrent ces mobilisations qui émergent au nom de la culture en contexte migratoire ? Que nous disent-elles sur les collectifs et les réseaux qui s’y construisent ? Que nous apprennent-elles de l’articulation entre les échelles locales d’investissement des migrants et les circulations transnationales à l’œuvre, sur les difficultés à patrimonialiser en migration ?
Therapeutic Effects of Monoclonal Antibody against Dengue Virus NS1 in a STAT1 Knockout Mouse Model of Dengue Infection
Authors: Wan Shu-Wen , Chen Pei-Wei , Chen Chin-Yu , Lai Yen-Chung , Chu Ya-Ting , Hung Chia-Yi , Lee Han , Wu Hsuan Franziska , Chuang Yung-Chun , Lin Jessica , Chang Chih-Peng , Wang Shuying , Liu Ching-Chuan , Ho Tzong-Shiann , Lin Chiou-Feng , Lee Chien-Kuo , Wu-Hsieh Betty A. , Anderson Robert , Yeh Trai-Ming , Lin Yee-Shin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the causative agent of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome and is endemic to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Our previous studies showed the existence of epitopes in the C-terminal region of DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) which are cross-reactive with host Ags and trigger anti–DENV NS1 Ab–mediated endothelial cell damage and platelet dysfunction. To circumvent these potentially harmful events, we replaced the C-terminal region of DENV NS1 with the corresponding region from Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 to create chimeric DJ NS1 protein. Passive immunization of DENV-infected mice with polyclonal anti–DJ NS1 Abs reduced viral Ag expression at skin inoculation sites and shortened DENV-induced prolonged bleeding time. We also investigated the therapeutic effects of anti-NS1 mAb. One mAb designated 2E8 does not recognize the C-terminal region of DENV NS1 in which host–cross-reactive epitopes reside. Moreover, mAb 2E8 recognizes NS1 of all four DENV serotypes. We also found that mAb 2E8 caused complement-mediated lysis in DENV-infected cells. In mouse model studies, treatment with mAb 2E8 shortened DENV-induced prolonged bleeding time and reduced viral Ag expression in the skin. Importantly, mAb 2E8 provided therapeutic effects against all four serotypes of DENV. We further found that mAb administration to mice as late as 1 d prior to severe bleeding still reduced prolonged bleeding time and hemorrhage. Therefore, administration with a single dose of mAb 2E8 can protect mice against DENV infection and pathological effects, suggesting that NS1-specific mAb may be a therapeutic option against dengue disease.
Unveiling the Peptide Motifs of HLA-C and HLA-G from Naturally Presented Peptides and Generation of Binding Prediction Matrices
Authors: Di Marco Moreno , Schuster Heiko , Backert Linus , Ghosh Michael , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Stevanović Stefan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The classical HLA-C and the nonclassical HLA-E and HLA-G molecules play important roles both in the innate and adaptive immune system. Starting already during embryogenesis and continuing throughout our lives, these three Ags exert major functions in immune tolerance, defense against infections, and anticancer immune responses. Despite these important roles, identification and characterization of the peptides presented by these molecules has been lacking behind the more abundant HLA-A and HLA-B gene products. In this study, we elucidated the peptide specificities of these HLA molecules using a comprehensive analysis of naturally presented peptides. To that end, the 15 most frequently expressed HLA-C alleles as well as HLA-E*01:01 and HLA-G*01:01 were transfected into lymphoblastoid C1R cells expressing low endogenous HLA. Identification of naturally presented peptides was performed by immunoprecipitation of HLA and subsequent analysis of HLA-bound peptides by liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry. Peptide motifs of HLA-C unveil anchors in position 2 or 3 with high variances between allotypes, and a less variable anchor at the C-terminal end. The previously reported small ligand repertoire of HLA-E was confirmed within our analysis, and we could show that HLA-G combines a large ligand repertoire with distinct features anchoring peptides at positions 3 and 9, supported by an auxiliary anchor in position 1 and preferred residues in positions 2 and 7. The wealth of HLA ligands resulted in prediction matrices for octa-, nona-, and decamers. Matrices were validated in terms of their binding prediction and compared with the latest NetMHC prediction algorithm NetMHCpan-3.0, which demonstrated their predictive power.
Comparison of the Changes in Hyoid Bone Position in Subjects with Normodivergent and Hyperdivergent Growth Patterns: A Cephalometric Study
Authors: Kumar Shashi , Arshad Faisal , Nahin Javeriya , Lokesh NK , Riyaz Khadeer 
Published: September 2017

Objective
The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that there is no difference in hyoid bone position among individuals with different growth patterns before and after treatment.

Materials and Methods
Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalogram of forty Class I adults in the age group of 20–27 years were grouped. All the cases were treated with the first premolar extraction in all quadrants. Based on the growth pattern of the face, individuals were divided into: (1) Group 1 (n = 20): Normodivergent, i.e., FH/MP angle smaller than 30.5° (20 patients). (2) Group 2 (n = 20): Hyperdivergent, i.e., FH/MP angle larger than 30.5° (20 patients). Lateral cephalograms were traced and analyzed manually for evaluation of hyoid bone position. Patients in both groups were treated with preadjusted appliances. Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms were traced, and variables were compared using paired t-test, and the relationship between dentofacial variables, growth pattern, and the hyoid bone position was analyzed using Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient method. The changes of hyoid position after treatment were compared using t-test.

Results
The data were analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov and paired t-test. Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was performed to determine whether there was an association between the changes of hyoid and growth pattern. Following retraction of incisors, statistically significant correlation was observed in the pre- and post-treatment values of dentofacial structures and hyoid bone, but no significant correlation was found in position of the hyoid bone in the normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups. In both the groups, hyoid bone moved in an inferior and posterior direction after orthodontic treatment.

Conclusion
No change was seen in position of the hyoid bone in normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups.
Hospital Costs of Colorectal Cancer Care
Authors: Macafee D.A.L. , West J. , Scholefield J.H. , Whynes D.K. 
Published: September 2017

Objective In a hospital based setting, identify factors which influence the cost of colorectal cancer care? Design Retrospective case note review Setting Nottingham, United Kingdom Participants 227 patients treated for colorectal cancer Methods Retrospective review of the hospital records provided the primary data for the costing study and included all CRC related resource consumption over the study period. Results Of 700 people identified, 227 (32%) sets of hospital notes were reviewed. The median age of the study group was 70.3 (IQR 11.3) years and there were 128 (56%) males. At two years, there was a significant difference in costs between Dukes D cancers (£3641) and the other stages (£3776 Dukes A; £4921 Dukes B). Using univariate and multivariate regression, the year of diagnosis, Dukes stage of disease, intensive nursing care, stoma requirements and recurrent disease all significantly affected the total cost of care. Conclusions CRC remains costly with no significant difference in costs if diagnosed before compared to after 1992. Very early and very late stage cancers remain the least costly stage of cancers to treat. Other significant effectors of hospital costs were the site of cancer (rectal), intensive nursing care, recurrent disease and the need for a stoma.
Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Is Computed Tomography (CT) Useful in Preoperative Staging?
Authors: Cidón Ssther Uña , Cuenca Isabel Jiménez 
Published: September 2017

Background and Purpose Although multiple studies testing the accuracy of CT in the preoperative staging of gastric adenocarcinoma have been carried out, their results are controversial. Whilst some authors claim that CT is an accurate method for preoperatively staging gastric cancer, others have advocated the contrary. Because of this discrepancy we have retrospectively reviewed preoperative CT findings compared with histopathological results in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods Seventy-two patients diagnosed with gastric cancer who underwent potentially curative surgery and preoperative staging CT of quality were included in the study. The size, gastric wall thickening, presence of lymphadenopathy, adjacent organ invasion and location of the gastric mass was recorded. Early tumors (T1 and T2) and more advanced tumors (T3 and T4) were grouped together. CT staging was correlated with the final histopathological stage (TNM). The global results were expressed as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Results Seventy-two cases were included with fifty-five being male and a median age of 67 years (range 33–91). CT correctly identified the location of the tumor in 56 (53% antropyloric, 18% subcardial). Median time from CT scan to surgery was fourteen days (range 2–49). In T detection: T1/T2 and T3/T4 with sensitivity of 70% and 61%. Lymph node involvement: Sensitivity 49%. Overstaged in 47% Understaged in 75%. Specificity of 53%. Nine patients with colon-mesocolon (5 patients) and pancreas (4 patients) invasion. Sensitivity 44% and specificity 96%. Conclusion Spiral CT is not an accurate method in predicting preoperative stages in gastric cancer.
Colon Cancer and Physical Activity: A Content Analysis of Reciprocal Relationship
Authors: Janecka Ivo P. 
Published: September 2017

Background Colon cancer is among the leading causes of cancer mortality and its incidence is increasing worldwide. This is true in spite of broad basic research into colon cancer while, concurrently, physical activity has been shown to offer significant preventive potential. This background led to the formulation of the following research questions: • Why is physical activity so effective in decreasing the incidence of colon cancer? • Is there a common denominator to colon cancer and physical activity, which has a reciprocal function? • Knowing the potential for public health impact of physical activity on colon cancer, has physical activity-colon cancer relationship been in the forefront of research efforts? Methods Content analysis of archival literature has been carried out on census of 32,822 message units, extracted from the National Library of Medicine and its PubMed database. The following search terms were used: colon cancer, physical activity, melatonin, age/genetics, diet (obesity, vitamin D, calcium), immunity/inflammation, and bioactive substances incorporating insulin-like growth factor 1, interleukins, and prostaglandins. The research timeframe for each category began with the first article published and ended with the last one printed in 2005. Results/Conclusions The effectiveness of physical activity in decreasing the incidence of colon cancer is likely the result of its biologic activity within not one or two but all of the major known colon cancer etiologies, demonstrating a powerful reciprocal relationship. Melatonin is identified as a plausible common denominator of colon cancer and physical activity. The greatest volume of publications deals with colon cancer and genetics. A significant societal health care impact could be achieved by adopting physical activity as a major cancer control strategy.
Late Relapse and Follow-up Protocols in Testicular Germ Cell Tumours: The Edinburgh Cancer Centre Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Detti Beatrice , Elliott Paul A. , Mclaren Duncan B. , Howard Grahame C.W. 
Published: September 2017

Aims To identify clinicopathological features and outcomes in patients with late relapse (LR) of testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) in order to guide follow-up policy. Materials and Methods The Edinburgh Cancer Centre (ECC) database identified all patients diagnosed with testicular GCT between 1988 and 2002. Of 703 patients, six relapsed more than 24 months after their initial treatment. A retrospective casenote review was performed to extract clinical, pathological, treatment and outcome data. Results Six patients (0.85%) underwent late relapse. All patients presented initially with stage I disease and five were classified as good risk (International Germ Cell Consensus Classification, IGCCC). Median time to LR was 31 months. Two patients had previously relapsed less than 24 months from initial diagnosis. Markers at the time of relapse were normal in all patients. In all cases of late relapse disease was confined to axial lymphadenopathy. Three patients were treated with chemotherapy alone, two patients underwent surgical resection and one patient received combined treatment. All patients obtained a complete response and all remain disease free with a median follow-up of 52 months. Conclusions The incidence of late relapse in this series is low. Chemo-naive patients with LR were successfully salvaged with chemotherapy alone and patients previously exposed to cisplatin-based chemotherapy were salvaged with complete surgical excision. The optimal length of follow-up in patients with testicular germ cell tumours is not known and practice varies widely. In this cohort of 703 patients, only one patient who relapsed was picked up by additional clinic follow-up between 5 and 10 years. Thus, on the basis of this small series, the authors suggest that follow-up after five years may not be justified.
Thyroid Carcinoma with Bone Metastases: A Prognostic Factor Study
Authors: Wu Karl , Hou Shen-Mou , Huang Tien-Shang , Yang Rong-Sen 
Published: September 2017

Objective Occult clinical presentations usually hinder the early detection and management of patients with bone metastases from thyroid carcinoma. We retrospectively investigated the clinical outcomes of such patients from 1993 to 2004 and analyzed the prognostic parameters. Design The basic demographic data and manifestations of 44 patients who had thyroid carcinoma with bone metastases were reviewed. We studied the gender, age, locations of metastases, histological types, treatment methods, hypercalcemic episodes and results of treatments. We used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests to access the statistical significance. Main Outcome The incidence of bone metastasis from thyroid carcinomas in this series was 5.0%. Twenty patients (45.4%) had follicular, 16 (36.3%) had papillary, 3 (6.8%) had anaplastic, 3 (6.8%) had medullary, and 2 (4.5%) had Hurthel cell carcinomas. Twelve patients had hypercalcemic episodes, ranging from 2.6 to 2.9 mmolL−1 (mean ± SD: 2.68 ± 0.15 mmolL−1). Survival time after bone metastases ranged from 2 months to 8 years (mean ± SD: 5.3 ± 1.3 years). The 5-year survival rate was 79.4% and the 10-year survival rate was 52.9%. Regarding the histological cancer type, patients with papillary and follicular cancers survived significantly longer than those with anaplastic and medullary cancers (p < 0.05). In addition, the patients presenting with hypercalcemia had the worst survival (p < 0.05). Conclusions Thyroid carcinoma can present with bone metastases in its early stage. We found that both tumor type and hypercalcemia were significant prognostic factors for survival time.