bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rv3723/LucA coordinates fatty acid and cholesterol uptake inMycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Nazarova Evgeniya V. , Montague Christine R. , La Thuy , Wilburn Kaley M. , Sukumar Neelima , Lee Wonsik , Caldwell Shannon , Russell David G. , VanderVen Brian C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPathogenic bacteria have evolved highly specialized systems to extract essential nutrients from their hosts andMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) scavenges lipids (cholesterol and fatty acids) to maintain infection in mammals. While the uptake of cholesterol by Mtb is mediated by the Mce4 transporter, the route(s) of uptake of fatty acids remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that an uncharacterized protein LucA, integrates the assimilation of both cholesterol and fatty acids in Mtb. LucA interacts with subunits of the Mce1 and Mce4 complexes to coordinate the activities of these nutrient transporters. We also demonstrate that Mce1 functions as an important fatty acid transporter in Mtb and we determine that the integration of cholesterol and fatty acid transport by LucA is required for full bacterial virulencein vivo. These data establish that fatty acid and cholesterol assimilation are inexorably linked in Mtb and reveals a key role for LucA in coordinating both transport activities.
rahuis a mutant allele ofDnmt3c, encoding a DNA methyltransferase homolog required for meiosis and transposon repression in the mouse male germline
Authors: Jain Devanshi , Meydan Cem , Lange Julian , Bouuaert Corentin Claeys , Mason Christopher E. , Anderson Kathryn V. , Keeney Scott 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTranscriptional silencing by heritable cytosine-5 methylation is an ancient strategy to repress transposable elements. It was previously thought that mammals possess four DNA methyltransferase paralogs—Dnmt1,Dnmt3a,Dnmt3bandDnmt3l—that establish and maintain cytosine-5 methylation. Here we identify a fifth paralog,Dnmt3c, that is essential for retrotransposon methylation and repression in the mouse male germline. From a phenotype-based forward genetics screen, we isolated a mutant mouse called ‘rahu’, which displays severe defects in double-strand-break repair and homologous chromosome synapsis during male meiosis, resulting in sterility.rahuis an allele of a transcription unit (Gm14490, renamedDnmt3c) that was previously mis-annotated as aDnmt3-family pseudogene.Dnmt3cencodes a cytosine methyltransferase homolog, andDnmt3crahumutants harbor a non-synonymous mutation of a conserved residue within one of its cytosine methyltransferase motifs, similar to a mutation in human DNMT3B observed in patients with immunodeficiency, centromeric instability and facial anomalies syndrome. Therahumutation lies at a potential dimerization interface and near the potential DNA binding interface, suggesting that it compromises protein-protein and/or protein-DNA interactions required for normal DNMT3C functionin vivo.Dnmt3crahumutant males fail to establish normal methylation within LINE and LTR retrotransposon sequences in the germline and accumulate higher levels of transposon-derived transcripts and proteins, particularly from distinct L1 and ERVK retrotransposon families. Phylogenetic analysis indicates thatDnmt3carose during rodent evolution by tandem duplication ofDnmt3b, after the divergence of the Dipodoidea and Muroidea superfamilies. These findings provide insight into the evolutionary dynamics and functional specialization of the transposon suppression machinery critical for mammalian sexual reproduction and epigenetic regulation.
A di-acidic motif targets cytoplasmic proteins for unconventional protein secretion
Authors: Cruz-Garcia David , Brouwers Nathalie , Duran Juan M. , Curwin Amy J. , Malhotra Vivek 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe previously reported that Acb1, a cytoplasmic protein inSaccharomyces cerevisiaethat cannot enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), was secreted upon nutrient starvation by a Vps4 independent, but ESCRT-I, -II and -III and Grh1 dependent pathway (Curwin et al., 2016). Here, we report that the same conditions result in secretion of another signal sequence lacking protein, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Similar to Acb1, SOD1 export requires Grh1 and a subset of ESCRT components. Importantly, our analysis reveals the existence of a conserved di-acidic motif (Asp-Glu) in SOD1 and Acb1 that is required for their respective export. This sequence is different from the di-acidic motif (Asp-X-Glu) necessary for export of transmembrane proteins from the ER. We propose that the Asp-Glu sequence acts as a targeting motif for the entry of SOD1 and Acb1, and likely many other proteins, upon nutrient starvation into a common albeit ER-Golgi independent pathway of secretion.
Candy Confectioneries Pvt Limited (CCL)
Authors: Singhvi Sajjan , Sharma Gaurav , Gera Rajat 
Published: March 2017

Subject area
Rural Marketing, Sales and Distribution Management, Salesperson Motivation, Channel Management.

Study level/applicability
The case can be used in sales management, channel management and rural marketing courses offered to graduate students of MBA degrees. In the sales management courses, the emphasis is on understanding the typical tasks that the rural salesperson is required to conduct. The case can be used to design a suitable motivation-mix for a rural salesperson after analysing their approach towards work. In a rural marketing course, the case can be used to understand the sales and distribution management of fast-moving consumer good products in rural India. The case can be used in channel management courses to design an appropriate channel structure in the rural market in India and utilized for managing the distributors’ salesforce for effective and improved market coverage in rural areas.

Case overview
Candy Confectioneries Private Limited started its operations in 1995, and was one of the largest confectionery players in India with a market share of 20 per cent. The company had achieved sales of Rs 20bn in 2014 and had 15 confectionery brands in the market. The company was also trying hard to establish itself in the snacks category. The company had nationwide operations, and it was important for the company to expand into the rural market. It served its markets through a comprehensive urban and rural distribution setup. In the rural distribution network, the rural sales representatives (RSRs) played a key role and perhaps were one of the most critical factors in covering the rural market. The RSR system was typical to suit the requirement of product-market coverage with its limitations. The case broadly profiles eight RSRs who were engaged to cover a specific territory in the State of Bihar in India. It also describes their approaches to work and complexities emerging thereof in achieving the best results for the organization.

Expected learning outcomes
The case has the following learning objectives: Understanding the design of sales and distribution channel structure followed for distribution and selling of confectionery products in rural India. Examining whether the existing system is adequate to achieve the goals of the firm. Evaluating the performance of each salesperson and identifying common factors to formulate the salesforce policies. Arriving at a suitable motivation-mix for the rural salesperson.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.
Building organisational resilience for the construction industry
Authors: Sapeciay Zulkfli , Wilkinson Suzanne , Costello Seosamh B. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to explore New Zealand construction practitioners’ approaches to organisational resilience practice in built environment discipline, based on survey and interview results. The objective was to explore the resilience practice within the construction sector with the intention of developing a resilient assessment tool specifically for construction organisations.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review was conducted to gather information on assessment tools for measuring organisational resilience, their characteristics and indicators. Subsequently, a set of questions was formulated to collate opinions from construction practitioners in New Zealand, using a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews.

Findings
This paper concludes by showing that the construction industry lacks resilience practice, especially from an organisational perspective. The findings suggest that the industry would benefit from a resilience assessment tool to help improve resilience. The adoption of such a tool could potentially enhance organisational capacity to recover quickly from crises and disasters.

Practical implications
Improving the resilience of construction organisations to natural disasters not only minimises the negative consequences to their organisations post-disaster and enhances their organisational performance during business as usual but also helps to improve community resilience.

Originality/value
Improving the resilience of construction organisations also helps to improve community resilience and overall post-disaster recovery. However, at present, little research has been conducted on how construction organisations deal with the risk of natural disasters.
Open innovation in supply networks: an expectation disconfirmation theory perspective
Authors: Roldán Bravo María Isabel , Lloréns Montes Francisco Javier , Ruiz Moreno Antonia 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThis study aims to use expectation disconfirmation theory (EDT) to investigate how an organization’s satisfaction with its supply network’s behavior influences its intention to open innovation with that network. This paper proposes that an organization’s orientation to open innovation is influenced by confirmation of previously held expectations of trust and commitment and level of perceived procedural justice in its open innovation partner. This paper also examines the effect of this orientation on the organization’s supply chain competence.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from a survey of 286 European firms, the study proposes and evaluates a structural equation model.FindingsThe results show that a positive disconfirmation of trust (where perceived trust exceeds expectations) plays a crucial role in shaping organizations’ intentions to continue open innovation with their supply networks. These results show that disconfirmation is a good predictor of overall satisfaction with open innovation. This paper also confirms the positive effect of orientation to open innovation on supply chain competence. Finally, this paper obtained evidence for the positive effect of supply chain competence on firm performance.Originality/valueThis study shows the importance of managing expectations in open innovation under the EDT. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous research has analyzed the consistency between the trust and commitment an organization expects from its open innovation partner and the trust and commitment it ultimately perceives as a factor explaining its degree of orientation to open innovation. Therefore, this research contributes to a better understanding of open innovation enablers and also its consequences.
Being customer-centric through CRM metrics in the B2B market: the case of maritime shipping
Authors: Fotiadis Anestis K. , Vassiliadis Chris 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a comparison between the traditional methods for the calculation of customer relationship performance and the modern metrics suggested by the current literature in business-to-business (B2B) markets using the Greek maritime shipping industry as an example.

Design/methodology/approach
The primary research was conducted in two phases: quantitative analysis of actual measurements and qualitative evaluation of the results. More specifically, in the first phase, the measures used were a collection of traditional and modern customer relationship management (CRM) metrics applied to actual historical data along with statistical data for actual customers of a company supplying services for maritime transportation of containers in the Greek international trade market. For the qualitative evaluation of these results, a semi-structured interview was carried out with seven “specialists/experts” in this business sector, who provided an assessment of the relative worth of each set of CRM measures.

Findings
The use of modern customer-centred metrics (Share and Size of Wallet, recency, frequency, monetary value) in the shipping sector of Greek industrial activity is the most profitable and efficient means of decision-making. The qualitative research showed that the customer-centred metrics were judged to be more effective and useful, as they provided a multi-dimensional and multi-layered picture of the current and future situation for the company and its customer base.

Research limitations/implications
To ensure confidentiality of personal information, the research did not use, examine or evaluate the individualized data to preserve the anonymity of the survey sponsor and their specific customers.

Originality/value
This is the first study that examines the effectiveness of different types of CRM metrics in the B2B market, which has, until now, suffered a dearth of empirical studies in the field, especially in the context of national economies that face intense international trading problems and significant reductions in activity in their maritime shipping industry due to the economic recession.
Conceptual frameworks in historical analysis: using reputation as interpretive prism
Authors: Schnee Christian 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to advocate a revised perspective in historical analysis. The author calls for historians to apply the concept of reputation as interpretive lens in the analysis of historical processes and outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
Widely used in management and marketing writing, but also relied upon in political science, the concept of reputation helps predict behaviour of individuals and entities that are bound by political constraints to align their actions to the goal of generating a popular standing. The lens also serves to cast light on the actions engaged in by external stakeholders that are informed by reputational cues. This theoretical contention is illustrated in four case studies resulting from investigations into political decisions and military conflicts, both in the republican and imperial period that ascertain how success and expansion as well as failure and decline of ancient Rome can be viewed and better understood by applying reputation as an instrument to direct and focus historical analysis.

Findings
This paper does not only advance complementary angles and alternative answers to issues in ancient Roman history. The cases considered also demonstrate how failure to recognise reputation as a significant concept in historical analysis does not only impair a comprehensive and balanced reflection of personal and organisational stakeholder behaviour but also thwarts a full appreciation of the motivation that drives individual protagonists and institutional agents, whose decisions are central to historical processes and outcomes.

Originality/value
The findings advanced in this paper – informed by four case studies – evidence the need of a new analytical prism in historical enquiry that will define the questions raised and direct the researcher’s attention. It has been shown how the concept of reputation can play a tangible role in sketching out a distinct new angle in historical investigation that leads to reviewing current narrative of past events and phenomena.
Social responsibility in practice: an Italian case from the early 20th century
Authors: Leoni Giulia 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the ideals informing the social strategy of Marzotto, an Italian family business in the textile industry, during the rise and fall of the fascist regime and to compare it with the main concepts of social responsibility theory that developed from the 1950s onwards. Because Italy at that time was a family-based economy, subject to a dictatorial government, it offers an interesting context of investigation that is similar to various contemporary emerging countries.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a company’s public social report and various published histories, the historical case study of this Italian family business and its pioneering social strategy is reconstructed. Through the identification of the social practices and the ideals underlying the strategy, the analysis finds similarities and differences with the traditional concepts from social responsibility literature.

Findings
The study finds that Marzotto’s social strategy traces some dimensions of social responsibility theory for it was a voluntary and discretional act by the business owner; it was based on the necessary balance between economic and social aims; and it was focusing only on social issues. Instead, the “social” spectrum is found to have a different meaning in the Marzotto strategy with respect to the “social” in the traditional theory because it was limited to a local level and limited groups of stakeholders.

Practical implications
By showing the relevant role of business-owners in social responsibility awareness, this study has implications for contemporary practice. It suggests that the educating business-owners about social responsibility and the development of bottom-up rather than top-down social initiatives will be crucial in contemporary similar contexts. The results also open to new research opportunities on corporate social responsibility in the past to explain contemporary differences among its implementation in different countries.

Originality/value
The research brings awareness to social responsibility in the past in a context other than traditional Western countries and to its differences and similarities with the established social responsibility framework. It is the first study on past social practices that makes use of primary sources to support the analysis.
Integrated management systems – interpretations, results, opportunities
Authors: Dahlin Gunnar , Isaksson Raine 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study how the expression “integrated management systems” is interpreted in literature, what it means to have an integrated management system (IMS) and what the results of this are.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review was conducted based on Scopus using the search term “Integrated Management Systems.” In the chosen articles, effects of integration, scope, level and extent of integration and if the approach is inside-out or outside-in, have been analyzed.

Findings
Most articles on IMS conclude that integration is beneficial regarding cost saving, operational benefits and improved customer satisfaction. The general approach in the articles, describes an inside-out approach with focus on integrating existing management standards. The scope of integration covers typically management systems for quality, environment and occupational health and safety.

Practical implications
An IMS is found to be a system that integrates existing management standards based on an inside-out approach. This indicates possibilities for both practical improvement and research in exploring how integrated stakeholder needs could be managed, possibly as process-based IMSs.

Originality/value
This paper sheds light on the ambiguous interpretation of the IMS concept.
An optimal integrated QSMS model from cluster analysis
Authors: Odigie Michael E. , Badar M. Affan , Sinn John W. , Moayed Farman , Shahhosseini A. Mehran 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an optimal model of an integrated quality and safety management system (QSMS).Design/methodology/approachKeywords related with these systems were identified from international standards and subsequently mined from a selection of peer reviewed articles that discuss and propose varying forms of integrated models for both systems. Cluster analysis was used to establish the degree to which integrated models, as described in the articles were quality dominant vs safety dominant. Word counts were utilized for establishing content and attributes for each category. An optimal integrated model was developed from the final cluster analysis and substantiated by a one-way analysis of variance. Experts from industry were consulted to validate and fine-tune the model.FindingsIt was determined that characteristics of an optimal integrated model include the keywords “risk,” “safety,” “incident,” “injury,” “hazards,” as well as “preventive action,” “corrective action,” “rework,” “repair,” and “scrap.” It also combines elements of quality function deployment as well as hazard and operability analysis meshed into a plan-do-check-act type work-flow.Research limitations/implicationsGiven the vast array of clustering algorithms available, the clusters that resulted were dependent upon the algorithm deployed and may differ from clusters resulting for divergent algorithms.Originality/valueThe optimized model is a hybrid that consists of a quality management system as the superordinate strategic element with safety management system deployed as the supporting tactical element. The model was implemented as a case study, and resulted in 13 percent labor-hour saving.
The Complex Ties that Bind: Gendered Agency and Expectations in Conflict and Climate Change‐related Migration
Authors: Myrttinen Henri 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFor the past decade, western public discourse and the policy world have become increasingly concerned about ‘irregular’ migration and, to a slightly lesser extent perhaps, what driving role conflict and climate change play in triggering it. Addressing the causes and effects requires having a better understanding of the impacts that climate change has on multi‐dimensional crises and the knock‐on effect this has on migration. A key factor in understanding how these processes affect different women, girls, men, boys and other gender identities is gender. Much of the analysis, however, has tended to be based on relatively simplistic teleological models and gender stereotypes. Based on case studies, this article argues for more nuanced understandings of how gender and other societal markers affect people differently in different contexts of crisis and climate change‐related migration to better formulate policy responses.
Pregnancy and maternal chronic hepatitis B infection—Evidence of reproductive advantage?
Authors: Lao Terence T. , Sahota Daljit S. 
Published: March 2017

ProblemAs multiparas have high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, we examined here the relationship between the number of pregnancies with HBV infection.Method of studyRetrospective cohort study examining the prevalence of HBV infection by actual gravidity and parity in 104 242 gravidae managed during 1997‐2013.ResultsInfection rate increased from 8.5% to 10.6% for G1 to G≥6 and from 8.8% to 10.0% for P0 to P≥3 (P<.001). When stratified by parity, correlation with gravidity was maintained in the nulliparous gravidae. For the same gravidity, increasing parity was associated with higher rate of HBV infection for G2 and G3. Multiparas had higher HBV infection prevalence (all >10%) than nulliparas (<10%) for G2 to G≥4.ConclusionPrior pregnancies, especially successful ones, are associated with increased HBV infection in an endemic population, which could have enhanced reproduction and in the process facilitated its transmission to the following generations.