bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Russia Challenges the West in Ukraine
Authors: Vendil Pallin Carolina 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Events in Ukraine have made many re-evaluate their view of Russia and suggest new approaches. While there are good reasons to do so, there is also every reason to revisit some old lessons and draw the right conclusions from events further back in time than the annexation of Crimea. First, Russian domestic politics will continue to play a prominent role in deciding Russia’s room for manoeuvre in its security policy. Second, change can only come from within Russia - the West (mainly the US and Europe) will be able to influence events only on the margins and perhaps not always receiving the intended response. Finally, and perhaps at first a bit paradoxically taking the first two points in view, what the West does will matter. It will matter because it will influence developments inside Russia in a long-term perspective if there is an alternative model. But even more importantly, what the West does will decide what position it finds itself in when Russia does change.
Learning from Iraq and Afghanistan: Four Lessons for Building More Effective Coalitions
Authors: White Nathan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Despite many tactical and operational successes by brave military and civilian personnel, post-9/11 operations by U.S. led coalitions in Iraq and Afghanistan did not achieve their intended outcomes. Although many efforts are underway by discrete organizations within coalition countries to identify and learn their own lessons from these conflicts, comparatively less attention is paid to broader lessons for successful coalitions. Given that the U.S. and its allies will most certainly form coalitions in the future for a range of different contingency scenarios, these lessons are equally deserving of close examination. This article identifies four interrelated lessons from Iraq and Afghanistan that can be utilized to inform more effective coalition development and employment.
Festlegung der zulässigen Messunsicherheit quantitativer Messgrößen in der Laboratoriumsmedizin
Authors: Gurr Eberhard , Haeckel Rainer , Orth Matthias , Streichert Thomas 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung:
Kenntnisse zur Messunsicherheit sind für die diagnostische Bewertung quantitativer Messgrößen in der Laboratoriumsmedizin von Bedeutung. Die DIN EN ISO schreibt daher die Einschätzung und Validierung dieser Messunsicherheit vor. Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Richtwerte“ der Deutschen Vereinten Gesellschaft für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin (DGKL) hat ein Konzept zur Ableitung zulässiger Grenzen für die analytische Impräzision, und die systematische Messabweichung (Bias) aus der Größe der Referenzintervalle unter der Berücksichtigung technischer Standards entwickelt. Analytische Impräzision, systematische Messabweichung und kombinierte Messunsicherheit lassen sich demnach als Funktion der empirischen biologischen Variabilität ausdrücken. Das Konzept beschreibt zudem die Möglichkeit, systematische Messabweichunen durch die Verwendung der laborinternen Referenzintervalle zu vermeiden.
More Cold Case Than Hot Spot
Authors: Grusell Marie , Nord Lars 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHow does the public perceive televised political advertising when it is introduced as a completely new element of campaign communications? The European Parliamentary Elections in 2009 may be characterized as the first campaign where such advertising appeared on a larger scale in Sweden, but the National Election Campaign in 2006 was the initial breakthrough for political advertising in television. Two major research questions are raised: First, how can public opinion on such political advertising be described? Second, how are these attitudes related to individual and societal factors? The results indicate that attitudes towards political advertising in Sweden are in line with attitudes towards advertising in general. However, ideological beliefs on the individual level seem to be almost irrelevant. Without being on the political agenda, the political TV-advertising issue is mainly considered from non-political perspectives.
Quantum channel-estimation with particle loss: GHZ versus W states
Authors: Fraïsse Julien Mathieu Elias , Braun Daniel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe consider quantum channel-estimation for depolarizing channels and phase-flip channels extended by ancilla qubits and fed with a GHZ orWstate. After application of the channel one or several qubits can be lost, and we calculate the impact of the loss on the quantum Fisher information that determines the smallest uncertainty with which the parameters of these channels can be estimated.
Climate Changes and Adaptation of Some Marine Organisms – Persian Gulf Study Case
Authors: Khoshnood Zahra , Ghobeitihasab Mehdi , Hajinajaf Ali 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Data records since from 2008 to 2012 show the occurrence of the coral reef bleaching, an increase in population of jellyfish and a decreasing presence of some migratory marine mammals in the Persian Gulf has increased. Results of our biometric methods on jellyfish of the Persian Gulf (Aurelia aurata), show a significant increase in size during the last four years (p < 0.05). Our studies in the area showed that in the sampling areas in close proximity to superhot wastewater of industries cooled in terrestrial pools and then emptied into the sea, the abundance of the Aurelia aurata was significantly lower than in regions where superhot water was directly emptied into the seawater. This paper will review the effects of global warming, especially in the Persian Gulf.
FAKTOR MAKRO EKONOMI DAN INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN
Authors: Armansyah Rohmad Fuad 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTrequired in the economic development of a country. Indonesia’s capital markets that began operating government took steps to make the capital market as a distributor of funds and investments equivalentto bank and non-bank institutions. Stock price of the capital market are closely related to several factors, which may consist of a factor derived from the company’s internal and external. This study tried to examine the factors that affect stock price index focuses on macro economic factors. In this study the authors wanted to determine the effect of the money supply, interest rates on deposits, and dollar exchange rates simultaneously and partially on the Composite Index in Indonesian capital market. Besides that, the authors also wanted to know that among the factors mentioned above, there are some factors dominantly affecting the Composite Stock Price Index. The approach used in this study is quantitative approach, because the existing data in the form of numbers are arranged in a list. The analysis method used in this study is the method of statistical analysis by multiple linear regression using SPSS version 16. Population and sample used in this study are all companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange by looking at the composite stock price index. The results of this study indicate that the interest rate of deposits, money supply, and the dollar exchange rate which change and development of the Composite Stock Price Index and the money supply, are dominant Composite Stock Price Index.
PERBEDAAN KESADARAN LINGKUNGAN DAN NIAT BELI KOSMETIK RAMAH LINGKUNGAN ANTARA ANGGOTA DAN BUKAN ANGGOTA KOMUNITAS SOBAT BUMI INDONESIA
Authors: Sri Setyo Iriani Emma Safitri 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze and discuss differences and relations between environmental awareness and purchase intention on environmentally green cosmetic for members and non members of Sobat Bumi Indonesia community. The design used in this study was Pre Experimental Design. In this design, there are two groups of respondents. The First is member of sobat bumi indonesia community who received tratment of environmental awareness. The second is non members of Sobat Bumi Indonesia community who didn’t received said treatments. The samples taken were 100 people using the Quota sampling. This study used two kinds of questionnaires. The first is online questionnaire which were conducted by distributing questionaries to the LINE group of Sobat Bumi Indonesia community members. The second is direct questionnaire for non members of Sobat Bumi Indonesia. The scale used for environmental awareness variable was Guttman scale, while the rating scale was used to get a clear answer to purchase intentions variable. The instrument used was a questionnaire and were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Research shows that there are differences in environmental awareness and purchase intention among members and non members of Sobat Bumi Indonesia community. The rank used in correlation analysis was Spearman rank. The correlation results show a low correlation to the members of Sobat Bumi Indonesia community and no correlation at all to non members of Sobat Bumi Indonesia community.
Discussion of “Representation of People’s Decisions in Health Information Systems: A Complementary Approach for Understanding Health Care Systems and Population Health”
Authors: Al-Shorbaji Najeeb , Borycki Elizabeth , Kimura Michio , Lehmann Christoph , Lorenzi Nancy , Moura Lincoln , Winter Alfred 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis article is part of a For-Discussion-Section of Methods of Information in Medicine about the paper “Representation of People’s Decisions in Health Information Systems: A Complementary Approach for Understanding Health Care Systems and Population Health” written by Fernan Gonzalez Bernaldo de Qui-ros, Adriana Ruth Dawidowski, and Silvana Figar. It is introduced by an editorial. This article contains the combined commentaries invited to independently comment on the paper of de Quiros, Dawidowski, and Figar. In subsequent issues the discussion can continue through letters to the editor.
Development of a global ocean mercury model with a methylation cycle: Outstanding issues
Authors: Semeniuk Kirill , Dastoor Ashu 
Published: February 2017

We present a newly developed global ocean mercury (Hg) transport and biogeochemistry model and use preanthropogenic equilibrium simulations to highlight physical and chemical processes which reveal significant knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. As with previous 3‐D ocean Hg model work we use a bulk chemistry scheme based on particulate organic carbon remineralization. We also include an explicit methylation cycle based on available reaction rates. The methylation to demethylation rate ratio based on various field studies is found to be inconsistent with the concentration ratios measured in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica and in the Arctic. There is also model‐measurement disagreement in the old waters of the tropical and North Pacific Ocean. The model produces an intermediate water maximum in total Hg in this region reflecting the higher age of water which is absent in observations. The model also underestimates total Hg concentrations in the deepest waters in this region. These disagreements in depth profile shape point to an inadequate representation of scavenging and sedimentation and possibly seabed emission or remobilization of Hg. In addition, the total Hg distribution differences compared to previous model work reflect sensitivity to ocean model transport characteristics and in particular the tracer diffusion. The residence time of Hg in the global ocean and the surface evasion flux of elemental Hg is sensitive to such model aspects. We find a global ocean Hg turnover time against sediment burial to be about 1100 years which is within the range of previous studies.
Rupture features of the 2016 Mw 6.2 Norcia earthquake and its possible relationship with strong seismic hazards
Authors: Liu Chengli , Zheng Yong , Xie Zujun , Xiong Xiong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFor analyzing possible reasons for the heavy damage and seismogenic features of the 24 August 2016 Norcia earthquake, we constructed and analyzed its rupture process by incorporating data sets of near‐field strong‐motion, teleseismic and static GPS displacements. The optimized model revealed a relatively compact slip pattern with mainly normal fault components. The maximum slip was around 0.9 m, while the rupture areas extended ~11 km and ~20 km along dip and strike, respectively. The total seismic moment was 2.3 × 1018 Nm, equivalent to Mw 6.2. Most seismic moments were released within 10 s, radiating 3.5 × 1013 J of seismic energy. The rupture history showed asymmetric propagation and is characterized by a relatively high rupture velocity within the first 6 s with a maximum of ~3.2 km/s. The main shock slip pattern correlated well with the aftershocks distribution, and most of the accumulated strain was released in the east of seismic gap between the nearby 1997 and 2009 earthquake sequences.
Observational properties of dayside throat aurora and implications on the possible generation mechanisms
Authors: Han D.‐S. , Hietala H. , Chen X.‐C. , Nishimura Y. , Lyons L. R. , Liu J.‐J. , Hu H.‐Q. , Yang H.‐G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObservational properties of throat aurora are investigated in detail by using 7 year continuous auroral observations obtained at Yellow River Station (magnetic latitude 76.24°N). From our inspection, throat aurora is often observed under the condition of stripy diffuse aurora contacting with the persistent discrete auroral oval, and the long‐period throat aurora observations generally consist of intermittent subsequences of throat aurora brightening followed by poleward moving auroral form and throat aurora dimming. We also noticed that the orientation of throat aurora is aligned along the ionospheric convection flow, and its local time distribution shows clear dependence on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By component. These observational results indicate that factors inside the magnetosphere may play important role on occurrence of throat aurora. We thus suggest that throat aurora may present the ionospheric signature of redistribution of reconnection rate on the magnetopause by cold magnetospheric plasma flowing into the reconnection site. In addition, we also found that the occurrence rate of throat aurora clearly decreases with increase of the IMF cone angle (arccos(|Bx|/B)), which is very similar with the occurrence rate of high‐speed jet (HSJ) observed in magnetosheath depending on the IMF cone angle. This is suggested as that the HSJs occurred outside the magnetosphere may also play important role for generation of throat aurora by triggering magnetopause reconnection or by direct impacting. Although further studies are needed to clarify how the throat auroras are generated in detail, the relevant observations about throat aurora have presented important implications on a variety open questions, such as distribution and generation of cold plasma structures in the outer magnetosphere, magnetopause deformation, and possible relation between HSJ and reconnection.
Unusual features of negative leaders' development in natural lightning, according to simultaneous records of current, electric field, luminosity, and high‐speed video
Authors: Guimaraes Miguel , Arcanjo Marcelo , Murta Vale Maria Helena , Visacro Silverio 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe development of downward and upward leaders that formed two negative cloud‐to‐ground return strokes in natural lightning, spaced only about 200 µs apart and terminating on ground only a few hundred meters away, was monitored at Morro do Cachimbo Station, Brazil. The simultaneous records of current, close electric field, relative luminosity, and corresponding high‐speed video frames (sampling rate of 20,000 frames per second) reveal that the initiation of the first return stroke interfered in the development of the second negative leader, leading it to an apparent continuous development before the attachment, without stepping, and at a regular two‐dimensional speed. Based on the experimental data, the formation processes of the two return strokes are discussed, and plausible interpretations for their development are provided.
Chang'E‐3 spacecraft surface reflection causes turbulence on VLBI delay
Authors: He Qingbao , Liu Qinghui , Zheng Xin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe third Chinese lunar spacecraft Chang'E‐3 (CE3) was launched in 2013, and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations were performed to improve accuracy of its orbit determination. During all the observation time, VLBI group delay experienced very large turbulence, which was up to hundreds of picoseconds, and with variation period of a few tens of seconds. However, VLBI group delay of another lunar spacecraft Chang'E‐5‐T1 (CE5T1), which was launched in 2014, did not show such turbulence. Influences from the troposphere, ionosphere, ground instruments, and phase characteristics of the on board antennas were considered at first, but none of these were the main cause of this large turbulence. Further investigations were made on differential phase delay turbulence, signal‐to‐noise ratio, and layout of spacecraft. The investigation results indicated that the large turbulence on group delay was caused by an interference of reflected signals from the CE3 spacecraft surface. Simulations proved that the delay error caused by signal reflection varied with frequency and therefore caused large turbulence on group delay. To minimize the multipath effect caused by signal reflection, some possible solutions are presented.
Diazaphospholene Precatalysts for Imine and Conjugate Reductions
Authors: Adams Matt R. , Tien Chieh‐Hung , Huchenski Blake S. N. , Ferguson Michael J. , Speed Alexander W. H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe first examples of 1,3,2‐diazaphospholene‐catalyzed imine reduction and conjugate reduction reactions are reported. This approach employs readily synthesized alkoxydiazaphospholene precatalysts that can be handled in open air. Reduction of substrates containing Lewis basic functionality, isolated unsaturation, and protic functional groups was accomplished. The synthetic utility of this approach is demonstrated by the synthesis of the important antiparkinson medicine rasagiline and the natural product zingerone.
Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis Using Cobalt Nanotubes Decorated with Titanium Dioxide Nanodots
Authors: Feng Jin‐Xian , Xu Han , Dong Yu‐Tao , Lu Xue‐Feng , Tong Ye‐Xiang , Li Gao‐Ren 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTiO2 Co nanotubes decorated with nanodots (TiO2 NDs/Co NSNTs‐CFs) are reported as high‐performance earth‐abundant electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline solution. TiO2 NDs/Co NSNTs can promote water adsorption and optimize the free energy of hydrogen adsorption. More importantly, the absorbed water can be easily activated in the presence of the TiO2–Co hybrid structure. These advantages will significantly promote HER. TiO2 NDs/Co NSNTs‐CFs as electrocatalysts show a high catalytic performance towards HER in alkaline solution. This study will open up a new avenue for designing and fabricating low‐cost high‐performance HER catalysts.
On the Origin of Reactivity Enhancement/Suppression upon Sequential Ligation: [Re(CO)x]+/CH4 (x=0–3) Couples
Authors: Zhou Shaodong , Li Jilai , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe thermal gas‐phase reactions of rhenium carbonyl complexes [Re(CO)x]+ (x=0–3) with methane have been explored by using FT‐ICR mass spectrometry complemented by high‐level quantum chemical calculation. While it had been concluded in previous studies that addition of closed‐shell ligands in general decreases the reactivity of metal ions, the current work provides an exception: the previously demonstrated inertness of atomic Re+ towards methane is completely changed upon ligation with CO. Both [Re(CO)]+ and [Re(CO)2]+ bring about efficient dehydrogenation of the hydrocarbon under ambient conditions. However, addition of a third ligand to form [Re(CO)3]+ completely quenches the reactivity.
Total Synthesis of the Post‐translationally Modified Polyazole Peptide Antibiotic Goadsporin
Authors: Dexter Hannah L. , Williams Huw E. L. , Lewis William , Moody Christopher J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe structurally unique polyazole antibiotic goadsporin contains six heteroaromatic oxazole and thiazole rings integrated into a linear array of amino acids that also contains two dehydroalanine residues. An efficient total synthesis of goadsporin is reported in which the key steps are the use of rhodium(II)‐catalyzed reactions of diazocarbonyl compounds to generate the four oxazole rings, which demonstrates the power of rhodium carbene chemistry in organic chemical synthesis.
Beryllium‐Free β‐Rb2Al2B2O7 as a Possible Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Material Replacement for KBe2BO3F2
Authors: Tran T. Thao , Koocher Nathan Z. , Rondinelli James M. , Halasyamani P. Shiv 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA new beryllium‐free deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) nonlinear optical (NLO) material, β‐Rb2Al2B2O7 (β‐RABO), has been synthesized and characterized. The chiral nonpolar acentric material shows second‐harmonic generation (SHG) activity at both 1064 and 532 nm with efficiencies of 2×KH2PO4 and 0.4×β‐BaB2O4, respectively, and exhibits a short absorption edge below 200 nm. β‐Rb2Al2B2O7 has a three‐dimensional structure of corner‐shared Al(BO3)3O polyhedra. The discovery of β‐RABO shows that through careful synthesis and characterization, replacement of KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF) by a Be‐free DUV NLO material is possible.
Development of flexible sensors using knit fabrics with conductive polyaniline coating and graphite electrodes
Authors: de Oliveira Carlos Rafael Silva , Batistella Marcos Antonio , de Souza Selene Maria de Arruda Guelli Ulson , de Souza Antônio Augusto Ulson 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to develop flexible sensors with cotton and polyester knit fabrics as substrates coated with polyaniline (PAni) doped with hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid. The deposition of PAni onto the knit, polymerization synthesis, and doping of the aniline monomer were performed via an in situ reaction. Graphite dispersion was used to obtain the electrodes of the sensors, which were prepared differently for each substrate. The main evaluation of the sensors was carried out in a humidity chamber under nitrogen (N2) with the application of drying and wetting cycles. Significant differences were observed in the responses of the sensory devices to humidity, according to the dopant and substrate types. In all tests, the sensor response to variations in the ambient conditions was very good, with a rapid response to changes in the relative humidity, a good sensitivity (up to 34%), and a high reversibility (ca. 70–100%). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44785.
What role for the bioeconomy in an electrified transportation sector?
Authors: Brown Tristan R. , Brown Robert C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe growth of the bioeconomy has recently been slowed by over production of petroleum and natural gas from unconventional domestic reserves, which has reduced demand for biofuels. In the longer term, liquid transportation fuels, both petroleum‐ and bio‐based, are threatened by electrification of the transportation sector, which will benefit from the use of low‐cost natural gas to generate electricity for battery electric vehicles. Low‐cost natural gas in the USA is attractive for other applications as well, including the production of certain petrochemicals. On the other hand, natural gas is not suitable for producing many high molecular weight petrochemicals. Cost‐competitive biorenewable versions of these products will need to be commercialized if petroleum is to be displaced without causing substantial economic distortions. This article reviews the available bio‐based pathways and the current state of research on their technical and, where available, economic feasibility. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd