bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Abnormal Fischer Indolization and Its Related Compounds. Part 22. Fischer Indolization of Ethyl Pyruvate 2‐(2‐Chloro‐ and 2,6‐Dichlorophenyl)methylhydrazones.
Authors: ISHII H. , MURAKAMI Y. , ISHIKAWA T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCondensation of the hydrazines (I) with the pyruvate (II) gives the corresponding hydrazones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A 1,2:2,1‐Bis(2‐silapropane‐1,3‐diyl)diborane(6). Stabilization Product of Bis(trisilyl)diborane(2)?
Authors: MENNEKES T. , PAETZOLD P. , BOESE R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn connection with investigations on two‐coordinated boron it is tried to prepare the corresponding diborane(2) by the reaction of (I) with Na/K alloy.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Platinum Complexes Enable Selective C‐H and C‐Si Activation of Tetramethylsilane at Room Temperature.
Authors: HOFMANN P. , HEISS H. , NEITELER P. , MUELLER G. + , LACHMANN J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStarting with the dichloro derivative (I), the hydridoneopentyl complex (IV) (space group P21/n, Z=4) is prepared which, by elimination of neopentane, becomes a good precursor of a coordinative and electronically highly saturated ligand‐Pt(0) species.
ChemInform Abstract: En Route to Thromboxane Compounds from Carbohydrates. Part 1. Synthesis of the Unsaturated Sugar Precursors.
Authors: PELYVAS I. , LINDHORST T. , THIEM J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe hex‐2‐enopyranosides (VII) and (VIII), representing chiral precursors for the carbohydrate‐based construction of the ring systems of thromboxane A2 and B2, are prepared as shown for (VII) by means of the Claisen‐type rearrangement of the hex‐3‐enopyranoside (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of S‐Glycosyl Donors of D‐Glucose and O‐Glycosylations Involving the New Reagent.
Authors: TSUBOYAMA K. , TAKEDA K. , TORII K. , EBIHARA M. , SHIMIZU J. , SUZUKI A. , SATO N. , FURUHATA K. , OGURA H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe glucopyranose (I) reacts with the bis(tetrazolyl) dithiocarbonate (II) to give the tetrazolyl pyranosyl sulfides (III) ‐ (V).
ChemInform Abstract: An Oxostannate of a New Structure Type: Cs4(SnO4).
Authors: BERNET K. , HOPPE R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn an attempt to prepare Cs3LiSnO4 by reaction of the corresponding binary oxides at 450 °C (Cs:Li:Sn = 3.3:1:1, sealed Ni‐tube, 28 d) colorless single crystals of the title compound are obtained for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Unimolecular Dissociations of Ketone/Fe+ Complexes and Evidence for Successive CH/CC Bond Activation of Different Sites of Flexible Molecules.
Authors: SCHROEDER D. + , SCHWARZ H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractExtensive labeling studies in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry provide a detailed insight on the unimolecular gas‐phase ion chemistry of several unbranched ketone/Fe+ complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of the Diselenide Dication Salt, 1,5‐Diselenoniabicyclo(3.3.0)octane Bis(hexafluorophosphate) Toward Aromatics. A New Mode of Aromatic Substitution and Redox Reaction.
Authors: FUJIHARA H. , NAKAMURA A. , AKAISHI R. , FURUKAWA N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe diselenide dication salts (I) react with aniline or dimethylaniline (II) under substitution in p‐position to form the selenonium salts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient and Versatile Synthesis of Chiral Aliphatic and Allylic Amines.
Authors: SAARI W. S. , FISHER T. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reduction of the N‐methoxyamides of optically pure α‐amino acids such as (S)‐(I) leads to the formation of the aldehyde (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Molecular Structure, and Complexation of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines Containing Ligands for Intramolecular Complexation of Metal Electrophiles.
Authors: KAPTEIN B. , KELLOGG R. M. , VAN BOLHUIS F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA series of 4‐substituted Hantzsch 1,4‐dihydropyridines, e.g. (IV) and (VI), are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses in the Isocamphane Series. Part 34. Synthesis of Isocamphane Derivatives with Fungicidal Activity.
Authors: BUCHBAUER G. , SPREITZER H. , KNEIDINGER M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds, e.g. (I) and (II), are synthesized via reaction of acid chlorides with the corresponding alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pheromones. Part 7. One‐Step Conversion of Carboxylic Esters to the Acetates of the Corresponding Alcohols Applying on the Synthesis of Lepidopteran Pheromones.
Authors: VINCZER P. , NOVAK K. , SZANTAY C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe unsaturated esters (I) are reduced with lithium aluminum hydride.
Characterization of Platinum and Iridium Oxyhydrate Surface Layers from Platinum and Iridium Foils
Authors: Johnson Benjamin , Ranjan Chinmoy , Greiner Mark , Arrigo Rosa , Schuster Manfred Erwin , Höpfner Britta , Gorgoi Mihaela , Lauermann Iver , Willinger Marc , Knop‐Gericke Axel , Schlögl Robert 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPlatinum and iridium polycrystalline foils were oxidized electrochemically through anodization to create thin platinum and iridium hydrous oxide layers, which were analyzed through laboratory photoelectron spectroscopy during heating and time series (temperature‐programmed spectroscopy). The films contain oxygen in the form of bound oxides, water, and hydroxides and were investigated by depth profiling with high‐energy photoelectron spectroscopy. The Pt films are unstable and begin to degrade immediately after removal from the electrolyte to form core–shell structures with a metallic inner core and a hydrous oxide outer shell almost devoid of Pt. However, evidence was found for metastable intermediate states of degradation; therefore, it may be possible to manufacture PtOx phases with increased stability. Heating the film to even 100 °C causes accelerated degradation, which shows that stoichiometric oxides such as PtO2 or PtO are not the active species in the electrolyte. The Ir films exhibit increased stability and higher surface Ir content, and gentle heating at low temperatures leads to a decrease in defect density. Although both layers are based on noble metals, their surface structures are markedly different. The complexity of such hydrous oxide systems is discussed in detail with the goal of identifying the film composition more precisely.
Inactive trout come out at night: behavioral variation, circadian activity, and fitness in the wild
Authors: Závorka Libor , Aldvén David , Näslund Joacim , Höjesjö Johan , Johnsson Jörgen. I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTheory suggests that high activity levels in animals increase growth at the cost of increased mortality. This growth‐mortality tradeoff has recently been incorporated into the wider framework of the pace‐of‐life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis. However, activity is often quantified only in the laboratory and on a diurnal basis, leaving open the possibility that animals manage predation risk and feeding efficiency in the wild by modulating their circadian activity rhythms. Here we investigate how laboratory activity in wild brown trout parr (Salmo truttaL.) associates with circadian activity, growth, and mortality in their natal stream. We found that individuals with high activity in the laboratory displayed high dispersal and cathemeral activity in their natal stream. In contrast, trout with low laboratory activity showed variation of activity in the wild, which was negatively related to the light intensity. Our results do not support the growth‐mortality trade‐off of thePOLShypothesis as highly active, fast‐growing individuals showed higher survival than inactive conspecifics. These novel results show for the first time that active and inactive individuals, as scored in the lab, can show different circadian patterns of behavior in the wild driven by light intensity. This implies that studies conducted under a narrow range of light conditions can bias our understanding of individual behavioral variation and its fitness consequences in the wild.
The role of channel morphology on the mobility and dispersion of bed sediment in a small gravel‐bed stream
Authors: Papangelakis Elli , Hassan Marwan A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study uses a unique 10‐year tracer dataset from a small gravel‐bed stream to examine bed mobility and sediment dispersion over long timescales and at a range of spatial scales. Seasonal tracer data that captured multiple mobilizing events was examined, while the effects of morphology on bed mobility and sediment dispersion were captured at three spatial scales: within morphological units (unit scale), between morphological units (reach scale) and between reaches with different channel morphologies (channel scale). This was achieved by analyzing both reach‐average mobility and travel distance data, as well as the development of ‘mobility maps’ that capture the spatial variability in tracer mobility within the channel. The tracer data suggest that sediment transport in East Creek remains near critical the majority of the time, with only rare large events resulting in high mobility rates and grain travel distances large enough to move sediment past dominant bedforms. While a variable capturing both the magnitude and frequency of flow events within a season yielded a better predictor to sediment mobility and dispersion than peak discharge alone, the distribution of events of different magnitude within the season played a large role in determining tracer mobility rates and travel distances. The effects of morphology differed depending on the analysis scale, demonstrating the importance of scale, and therefore study design, when examining the effect of morphology on sediment transport. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐intrusive reduced‐order modeling for multiphase porous media flows using Smolyak sparse grids
Authors: Xiao Dunhui , Lin Zhi , Fang Fangxin , Pain Christopher C. , Navon Ionel M. , Salinas Pablo , Muggeridge Ann 
Published: May 2016

SummaryIn this article, we describe a non‐intrusive reduction method for porous media multiphase flows using Smolyak sparse grids. This is the first attempt at applying such an non‐intrusive reduced‐order modelling (NIROM) based on Smolyak sparse grids to porous media multiphase flows. The advantage of this NIROM for porous media multiphase flows resides in that its non‐intrusiveness, which means it does not require modifications to the source code of full model. Another novelty is that it uses Smolyak sparse grids to construct a set of hypersurfaces representing the reduced‐porous media multiphase problem. This NIROM is implemented under the framework of an unstructured mesh control volume finite element multiphase model. Numerical examples show that the NIROM accuracy relative to the high‐fidelity model is maintained, whilst the computational cost is reduced by several orders of magnitude. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerated longitudinal gray/white matter contrast decline in aging in lightly myelinated cortical regions
Authors: Vidal‐Piñeiro Didac , Walhovd Kristine B. , Storsve Andreas B. , Grydeland Håkon , Rohani Darius A. , Fjell Anders M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHighly myelinated cortical regions seem to develop early and are more robust to age‐related decline. By use of different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures such as contrast between T1‐ and T2‐weighted MRI scans (T1w/T2w) it is now possible to assess correlates of myelin content in vivo. Further, previous studies indicate that gray/white matter contrast (GWC) become blurred as individuals' age, apparently reflecting age‐related changes in myelin structure. Here we address whether longitudinal changes in GWC are dependent on initial myelin content within tissue as defined by baseline T1w/T2w contrast, and hypothesize that lightly myelinated regions undergo more decline longitudinally. A sample of 207 healthy adult participants (range: 20–84 years) was scanned twice (interscan interval: 3.6 years). Results showed widespread longitudinal reductions of GWC throughout the cortical surface, especially in the frontal cortices, mainly driven by intensity decay in the white matter. Annual rate of GWC blurring showed acceleration with age in temporal and medial prefrontal regions. Moreover, the anatomical distribution of increased rate of GWC decline with advancing age was strongly related to baseline levels of intracortical myelin. This study provides a first evidence of accelerated regional GWC blurring with advancing age, relates GWC patterns to cortical myeloarchitectonics and supports the hypothesis of increased age‐related vulnerability of lightly myelinated areas. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3669–3684, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk factors of thrombosis in a single method of microsurgical head and neck reconstruction: A multi‐institutional study of 773 reconstructions with a free jejunal graft after total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy for hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Sugiyama Narushi , Takao Soshi , Suzuki Etsuji , Kimata Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe risk factors for thrombus formation in anastomotic vessels in free‐flap head and neck reconstruction have been previously reported. However, the evidence is inconsistent.MethodsIn total, 773 patients who underwent free jejunal graft reconstruction after pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy for hypopharyngeal cancer were enrolled at 12 institutions in Japan from 1995 to 2006. Both the resection area and the applied reconstruction method were constrained to overcome the limitations of previous studies. After the exclusion of recurrent cases, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for thrombosis were calculated in a multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsPostoperative anastomotic thrombosis developed in 23 patients (3.0%). In the multivariate analysis, the OR for thrombosis per 100‐mL increase in blood loss was 1.24 (95% CI = 1.02–1.51), even after controlling for other risk factors.ConclusionOur results show that the blood loss volume is an independent risk factor for thrombosis in free tissue grafts. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708–1716, 2016
Deferoxamine released from poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) promotes healing of osteoporotic bone defect via enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis
Authors: Jia Peng , Chen Hao , Kang Hui , Qi Jin , Zhao Peng , Jiang Min , Guo Lei , Zhou Qi , Qian Nian Dong , Zhou Han Bing , Xu You Jia , Fan Yongqian , Deng Lian Fu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe regeneration capacity of osteoporotic bones is generally lower than that of normal bones. Current methods of osteoporotic bone defect treatment are not always satisfactory. Recent studies demonstrate that activation of the hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) pathway, by genetic methods or hypoxia‐mimicking agents, could accelerate bone regeneration. However, little is known as to whether modulating the HIF‐1α pathway promotes osteoporotic defect healing. To address this problem in the present study, we first demonstrated that HIF‐1α and vascular endothelial growth factor expression levels are lower in osteoporotic bones than in normal bones. Second, we loaded poly(Lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) with the hypoxia‐mimetic agent deferoxamine (DFO). DFO released from PLGA had no significant effect on the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, DFO did enhance the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. In addition, DFO upregulated the mRNA expression levels of angiogenic factors in MSCs. Endothelial tubule formation assays demonstrate that DFO promoted angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Third, untreated PLGA scaffolds (PLGA group) or DFO‐containing PLGA (PLGA + DFO group) were implanted into critically sized osteoporotic femur defects in ovariectomized rats. After treatment periods of 14 or 28 days, micro‐CT, histological, CD31 immunohistochemical, and dynamic bone histomorphometric analyses showed that DFO dramatically stimulated bone formation and angiogenesis in a critically sized osteoporotic femur defect model. Our in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that DFO may promote the healing of osteoporotic bone defects due to enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2515–2527, 2016.
Set Systems with L‐Intersections and k‐Wise L‐Intersecting Families
Authors: Li Shuchao , Zhang Huihui 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, by employing linear algebra methods we obtain the following main results:

Let and be two disjoint subsets of such that Suppose that is a family of subsets of such that for every pair and for every i. Then
urn:x-wiley:10638539:media:jcd21524:jcd21524-math-0010Furthermore, we extend this theorem to k‐wise L‐intersecting and obtain the corresponding result on two cross L‐intersecting families. These results show that Snevily's conjectures proposed by Snevily (2003) are true under some restricted conditions. This result also gets an improvement of a theorem of Liu and Hwang (2013).
Let p be a prime and let and be two subsets of such that or and Suppose that is a family of subsets of [n] such that (1) for every pair (2) for every i. Then
urn:x-wiley:10638539:media:jcd21524:jcd21524-math-0021This result improves the existing upper bound substantially.
Comparison of Screening Dilution and Automated Reading for Antinuclear Antibody Detection on HEP2 Cells in the Monitoring of Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: Depincé‐Berger Anne E. , Moreau Amelie , Bossy Virginie , Genin Christian , Rinaudo Melanie , Paul Stephane 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundIndirect immunofluorescence plays a major role in the detection of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and follow‐up of their titers in the context of connective tissue diseases. Given the numerous unfavorable features of the conventional manual reading of HEP2 slides (need of time and expert morphologists for the reading, lack of standardization, subjectivity of the interpretation), the biomedical industry has developed automated techniques of slide preparation and microscope reading.MethodsWe collected 49 sera beforehand analyzed by the conventional reading of slides. They were prepared again by QUANTA‐Lyser® and reanalyzed in four different conditions: two dilutions of screening (1/40 and 1/80), two different systems of analysis, NOVA View® automated reading (INOVA Diagnostics), then confirmation by the operator, and conventional manual reading by two different qualified operators. The analysis was realized in blind of the first interpretation and clinical diagnosis. The sera were classified in four groups, on the basis of the results of the first analysis: negative sera (titer < 1/160; 11 patients), low positives (titer at 1/160; 18 patients), moderated positives (titers between 1/320 and 1/640; 10 patients), and strong positives (titers between 1/1,280 and 1/2,560; 10 patients).ResultsAmong the 49 patients, 13 presented a connective tissue disease including 4 systemic scleroderma (SS), 3 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 2 Goujerot‐Sjogren (GS), 2 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 1 polymyositis (PM), 1 Raynaud's syndrome (RS), and 1 CREST syndrome. One patient presented both an SLE and an SS.Regarding the screening dilution, the 1/40 dilution is less specific than the 1/80 dilution for both the systems of analysis (5.6% vs. 16.7% for the manual reading, and 27.8% vs. 50% for the automated reading). It also generates statistically more false positives (P = 0.037 for the conventional analysis and P = 0.003 for the automated system). The automated NOVA View® reading of slides allows a gain in specificity for both dilutions, and also statistically less false positives (P = 0.002 at the 1/40 and P = 0.0006 at the 1/80), and detriment of the sensitivity at the highest dilution (84.6% vs. 92.3% with manual reading). Thus, according to our analysis of 49 sera, the automated NOVA View® system of reading of slides at the dilution 1/80 seems to be a successful condition for the detection of ANAs on HEP2 cells, close to the significance (P = 0.067).ConclusionThe automated NOVA View® reading of slides allows saving time, and an improvement in the standardization. Nevertheless, it requires a confirmation by a qualified operator, to interpret mixed patterns in particular.
Path Separation by Short Cycles
Authors: Cohen Gérard , Fachini Emanuela , Körner János 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTwo Hamilton paths in are separated by a cycle of length k if their union contains such a cycle. For we bound the asymptotics of the maximum cardinality of a family of Hamilton paths in such that any pair of paths in the family is separated by a cycle of length k. We also deal with related problems, including directed Hamilton paths.
The influence of different El Niño types on the South American rainfall
Authors: Andreoli Rita Valéria , de Oliveira Suzana Soares , Kayano Mary Toshie , Viegas Juarez , de Souza Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira , Candido Luiz Antonio 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe impacts of El Niño (EN) on the rainfall over South America are investigated considering three EN types differing in the locations of the maximum sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the equatorial Pacific: the Central‐Pacific (CP), Eastern‐Pacific (EP) and the Mixed (MIX) types. The largest positive (SST) anomalies for the EP and CP types occur, respectively, in the eastern and central sectors of the tropical Pacific during all seasons. The SST anomaly pattern for the MIX‐EN resembles that of the EP–EN during its onset stage, and of the CP–EN during its mature and demise stages. The different SST anomaly patterns affect the large‐scale (Walker circulation and the tropospheric Rossby‐wave trains) and local (South American low‐level jet – SALLJ) atmospheric circulation patterns in different ways and lead to distinct precipitation anomaly patterns over South America. Variations in the position and longitudinal extension of the downward motions of the EN‐related eastward‐displaced Walker circulation explain the differences in the dryness over equatorial South America. For the CP–EN, a double Walker cell defines a more zonal configuration of the equatorial dryness over South America during the first three analysed seasons. This feature is not noted for the other two EN types. The Rossby‐wave train pattern path depends on the EN types and seasons. In consequence, the associated local atmospheric circulation patterns depend also on the season and EN types. In all seasons, an intense SALLJ for the EP EN contrasts with weak or inexistence SALLJ for the other two EN types. Thus, a wetter condition over southeastern South America, southern and eastern Brazil occurs for the EP EN in relation to the other EN types. The results shown here, in particular considering the MIX EN type, have not been discussed before and might be useful mainly for climate monitoring purposes.