bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La «escuela estallada»: diálogos entre dos nociones de práctica pedagógica
Authors: Saldarriaga Vélez Óscar 
Published: December 2016

<p>El Movimiento Pedagógico Colombiano que emergió en la década de 1980 lanzó una lucha por la recuperación de la Pedagogía como espacio identificador del oficio de maestro, y acuñó dos conceptos: el de <em>saber pedagógico</em> y el de <em>práctica pedagógica</em>, como instrumentos y objetos estratégicos de tal lucha. Tras cuarenta años del proceso, el primer concepto ha sido bien apropiado por los profesores, mientras que el segundo es usado sobre todo por los funcionarios del sistema educativo. Para abordar esta paradoja, se ponen en diálogo y debate dos perspectivas de comprensión de la noción de práctica pedagógica: una de inspiración foucaultiana, desarrollada por Olga Zuluaga (Colombia), y otra de inspiración decertoniana, propuesta por Anne-Marie Chartier (Francia). Un diálogo figurado entre el autor y esta investigadora sirve como escenario para presentar los elementos convergentes y divergentes de estas dos perspectivas.</p>
Luchas por el derecho a la salud, el caso del Sindicato Minero de Amagá y Angelópolis, Colombia 1937-1945
Authors: Gallo Óscar 
Published: December 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>En este artículo se analiza el caso del Sindicato Minero de Amagá y Angelópolis (Antioquia, Colombia). Mediante las actividades políticas de estos mineros se puede observar la legitimidad atribuida por los trabajadores al derecho a la salud. Los pliegos de peticiones y las solicitudes en el terreno de la salud registran el tránsito de la beneficencia al derecho de cada trabajador a enfermar, a ser protegido y asegurado durante la enfermedad y a restablecer su salud. Las acciones realizadas por estos mineros en el espacio político son ejemplo de las nuevas formas de canalizar las luchas por los derechos a través de las oportunidades que ofrece la legislación. Sus acciones, que no son ni aisladas ni solitarias, reflejan las actitudes del movimiento obrero de todo el país. </span></p></div></div></div>
Evaluación in vitro de la microfiltración de Enterococcus faecalis usando cinco técnicas de obturación / In Vitro Evaluation of Enterococcus faecalis Microleakage Using Five Obturation Techniques
Authors: Aragón Matamoros Silvia Elena , Guindos Moya Tomás Alberto , Meza González Yanina , Morales Herrera Diana , Perera Díaz María Alejandra , Rodríguez Ciódaro Adriana , Diez Ortega Hugo , Méndez De la Espriella Catalina 
Published: December 2016

<p><strong>ABSTRACT. </strong><em><strong>Background:</strong></em> The root canal filling technique named Hybrid-Mixed Condensation, combines the advantages of cold lateral and warm vertical condensation. The ability of avoiding microbial microleakage has not been proven. <em><strong>Purpose:</strong></em> To evaluate the differences of microbial microleakage using <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>, in canals obturated with five different techniques: lateral, warm vertical, WaveOne® single cone, Guttacore®, and Hybrid-mixed condensation. <em><strong>Methods:</strong></em> 50 single-rooted human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were biomechanical prepared with primary file of WaveOne® system. Teeth were divided into 5 groups using different obturation techniques: single cone with WaveOne® Primary, lateral condensation using 2 % gutta-percha cones, Guttacore® 30, warm vertical condensation using down packing in a WaveOne® Primary cone and backfill with alpha gutapercha of Beefill®, and the hybrid mixed condensation modifying the lateral condensation with heat and a backfill using Beefill®. <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> was inoculated in the coronal third and apices were immersed in brain heart infusion broth with phenol red incubated at 37 °C for 12 weeks. Microfiltration was determined with color change and turbidity of the medium. Specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy. <em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Only 11 teeth (22 %) were positive for leakage. 46 % with single cone, 30 % with Guttacore®, 20 % with lateral condensation, 10 % with warm vertical condensation and no microleakage was found for Hybrid-Mixed Technique over the period of 12 weeks of study. <em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> Hybrid Mixed Technique showed to be the most efficient technique to get three-dimensional seal and prevent microbial contamination of canals in the endodontic therapy.</p>
Uso de redes neuronales artificiales en predicción de morfología mandibular a través de variables craneomaxilares en una vista posteroanterior / Use of Artificial Neural Networks for Mandibular Morphology Prediction through Craniomaxillar Variables...
Authors: Niño Sandoval Tania Camila , Guevara Pérez Sonia Victoria , González Fabio Augusto , Jaque Robinson Andrés , Infante Contreras Clementina 
Published: December 2016

<p><em><strong><span>Background:</span></strong></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><span> </span></span><span>Predicting mandibular morphology is important in facial reconstruction for forensic purposes as in orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery. This process has been performed through parametric and linear methods based on Caucasian populations. Also, these analyzes are performed on lateral cephalograms, but a prediction from a posteroanterior view is not taken into account.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><strong>Purpose:</strong></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>To predict through artificial neural networks the mandibular morphology using craniomaxillary measures in posteroanterior radiographs.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><strong>Methods:</strong></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>229 standardized posteroanterior radiographs from Colombian young adults of both sexes were collected. Coordinates of craniofacial skeletal landmarks were used to create mandibular and craniomaxillary measures. 17 predictor craniomaxillary input variables were selected, measuring widths, heights, and angles. Similarly, 13 mandibular measures were selected to be predicted, considering both the right and left sides. Artificial neural networks were used for the prediction process and it was evaluated by a correlation coefficient using a ridge regression between real value and the predicted value.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><strong>Results:</strong></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>The results found in the model were significant especially for 5 variables of morphological importance in the forensic field: right mandibular ramus (Cdd-God), bigonial width (Goi-God), bicondylar width (Cdi-Cdd), and distance between the condyles to the menton (Cdd-Me and Cdi-Me).<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><strong>Conclusions:</strong></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>An important prediction capacity in 5 measures of forensic importance in patients with skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III was found in both sexes.</span></p>
Quantification of Numerical and Modeling Errors in Simulation of Fluid Flow Through a Fixed Particle Bed
Authors: Volk Annette , Ghia Urmila , Stoltz Christopher , Hecht John , Stamper Jason 
Published: December 2016

An open-source coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) – Discrete Element Method (DEM), CFDEM, is employed to study flow through a fixed particle bed. The simulation is repeated for a range of computational cell sizes, and the solution trend is analyzed. A grid-refinement study procedure, standard for publication of CFD simulation results, is applied to the CFDEM simulations. The results are analyzed, with emphasis on the frequency of convergence and a comparison of the expected numerical error and extrapolated-solution error, termed the ‘offset’ method.
Methods of analysis for numerical modeling parameters, as well as uniform reporting procedures, have not been established for granular-flow simulations. This has led to modeling errors and incorrect results that have hampered fluidization research. The present work shows that the standard grid-refinement study is applicable to granular-fluid flows, and produces results that are useful for common modeling choices such as drag correlation and determination of optimal computational cell size. Additional analysis procedures developed in this study, and based on the grid-refinement results, are shown to give good estimates of the resulting solution error.
Numerical Analysis on Non-Equilibrium Steam Condensing Flow in Rotating Machinery
Authors: Kim Changhyun , Park JaeHyeon , Kim DongIl , Baek Jehyun 
Published: December 2016

Flow of steam, different from other gas flows, involves droplet generation in flow expansion process. This phase transition affects not only the flow fields, but also machine performance including efficiency. In addition, it is totally harmful for machine structures as blades and casing. Therefore, prevention or preparation of droplet generation in steam flows is dreadfully important in stable machine operation.
Nowadays, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is widely used in machine design and optimization process. Thus, simulation with CFD should consider this droplet generation phenomena to predict internal flows precisely. Many studies that analyze steam condensing flow in nozzles, cascades and steam turbines were carried out. Though, the flows of wet-steam which include non-equilibrium phase-transition phenomena are still difficult to predict, especially in the 3D rotating cases as steam turbines. Therefore, more studies are required to get comparable results with experiment.
In this study, non-equilibrium wet-steam model was implemented on T-Flow to simulate realistic non-equilibrium steam condensing flow. In the cases of White cascade, characteristics of wet-steam flow were studied and pressure distributions were compared with experimental results for model validation. To use implemented wet-steam model for calculating flows in rotation, especially in steam turbines, a study of steam condensing flow in single stage steam turbine was conducted. Interaction between the stator and rotor using frozen rotor or mixing plane method in steady calculations were compared in order to find the effects of used interface on flow fields and steam condensation.
As a result, condensing flows were predicted well even in the rotating cases by using non-equilibrium wet-steam model. The wet-steam parameters (nucleation, droplet size, wetness) are differed throughout the spans due to 3D effects and influenced by selection of interface as expected. In addition, droplet generation enhances entropy rise throughout the domain. The case using mixing plane seems to be overestimate the size of high wetness zone and it is recommended to use frozen rotor in multi-phase calculations. However, to apply this model in general cases, comparison with experimental data from real steam turbines should be conducted in further studies.
Enhancement of Turbulent Shear Stress and Mass Transfer in Wall Turbulence Accompanied With Wall Blowing
Authors: Okamura Yushi , Sugioka Hideaki , Kawaguchi Yasuo 
Published: December 2016

Spatial distribution of velocity and mass concentration fluctuation in turbulent channel flow with wall blowing were simultaneously measured by PIV/PLIF. The recorded pictures were analyzed to clarify the turbulent momentum and mass transfer from statistical view point and from spatial evolution of coherent eddy structure.
Experimental result revealed that the Reynold shear stress and turbulent intensity are enhanced as the blowing rate increasing. On the other hand, structural parameters based on local turbulence such as turbulent Schmidt number and a degree of turbulent anisotropy is not affected by wall blowing. In comparison without wall blowing, we found that the turbulent eddy structure locates apart from the wall. Besides, energy spectrum and swirling strength is also enhanced by wall blowing. It is associated with increase of resistance by wall blowing. Generally in wall turbulence, fluctuation motions are restricted by the presence of solid wall. But for the blowing from the wall relaxes this restriction and Reynolds shear stress is enhanced, which leads to enhancement of turbulent mass flux. Moreover, from results of spatial distribution of instantaneous fields, wall-blowing helps development of hairpin vortexes. It is concluded that development of hairpins leads to enhancement of turbulent mass transfer.
Aerodynamic and Performance Behavior of a Radial Turbine at Design and Off-Design Conditions
Authors: Zhu Cheng , Zhuge Weilin , Zhang Yangjun , Peng Jie 
Published: December 2016

When a turbocharged engine which was designed to work at sea level works at high altitude area, its power will decrease because of the decrease of the air density. And the expansion ratio of the turbine will increase a lot because of the decrease of the out pressure, leading to a bad efficiency of the turbine. In order to recover the power of the turbocharged engine when it worked at the high altitude area, the efficiency of the turbine should be increased when it worked at high expansion ratio condition.
This paper shows a numerical investigation of the flow fields in a radial inflow turbine at design and off design condition. The comparison of the flow characteristics between the design and off design conditions is researched. When the turbine work at a high expansion ratio, there will occur a supersonic zone at the leading edge on the suction side and a shock wave will occur at the trailing edge, causing a flow separation and making a lot of losses, leading the decrease of the turbine efficiency.
Numerical Analysis of Flow and Heat Transfer at a Backward-Facing Step With an Obstacle Based on Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Mehrez Insaf , Gheith Ramla , Aloui Fethi , Ben Nasrallah Sassi 
Published: December 2016

The Lattice Boltzmann method is actually considered as one of the simplest approach. The flow and heat transfer distribution in a duct containing a backward and an obstacle are studied for different geometric and physical parameters.
The LBM is applied to solve the backward-facing step flow problems for an expansion ratio H/h = 2 in rectangular duct and to determine the effect of the obstacle on flow and heat transfer distribution. The obstacle is situated in the bottom wall of the duct. The effect of various obstacle lengths (0.5<h/S<1.5) will be also considered. All this results were observed for a Prandtl number of 0.71 and different range of Reynolds number (1–200).
This study showed the instabilities of velocity, recirculation length, temperature and Nusselt number with the obstacle downstream the step. These results were compared to with published experimental.
Genetic Environment of the
bla
KPC-2
Gene in a Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate That May Have Been Imported to Russia from Southeast Asia
Authors: Ageevets Vladimir , Sopova Julia , Lazareva Irina , Malakhova Maya , Ilina Elena , Kostryukova Elena , Babenko Vladislav , Carattoli Alessandra , Lobzin Yuri , Uskov Alexander , Sidorenko Sergey 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

The nucleotide sequence of a
bla
KPC-2
-harboring plasmid (pKPCAPSS) from
Klebsiella pneumoniae
ST273 isolated in Saint Petersburg, Russia, from a patient with history of recent travel to Vietnam is presented. This 127,970-bp plasmid possessed both IncFII and IncR replicons.
bla
KPC-2
was localized on a hypothetical mobile element. This element was flanked by 38-bp inverted Tn
3
repeats and included a Tn
3
-specific transposase gene, macrolide resistance operon (
mphA-mrx-mphR
), and a fragment of
bla
TEM
with unique polymorphisms.
Genetic Evidence for Cytochrome
b
Q
i
Site Inhibition by 4(1
H
)-Quinolone-3-Diarylethers and Antimycin in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Alday P. Holland , Bruzual Igor , Nilsen Aaron , Pou Sovitj , Winter Rolf , Ben Mamoun Choukri , Riscoe Michael K. , Doggett J. Stone 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Toxoplasma gondii
is an apicomplexan parasite that causes fatal and debilitating brain and eye disease. Endochinlike quinolones (ELQs) are preclinical compounds that are efficacious against apicomplexan-caused diseases, including toxoplasmosis, malaria, and babesiosis. Of the ELQs, ELQ-316 has demonstrated the greatest efficacy against acute and chronic experimental toxoplasmosis. Although genetic analyses in other organisms have highlighted the importance of the cytochrome
bc
1
complex Q
i
site for ELQ sensitivity, the mechanism of action of ELQs against
T. gondii
and the specific mechanism of ELQ-316 remain unknown. Here, we describe the selection and genetic characterization of
T. gondii
clones resistant to ELQ-316. A
T. gondii
strain selected under ELQ-316 drug pressure was found to possess a Thr222-Pro amino acid substitution that confers 49-fold resistance to ELQ-316 and 19-fold resistance to antimycin, a well-characterized Q
i
site inhibitor. These findings provide further evidence for ELQ Q
i
site inhibition in
T. gondii
and greater insight into the interactions of Q
i
site inhibitors with the apicomplexan cytochrome
bc
1
complex.
Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus Control by Virulent Bacteriophages within MAC-T Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Zhang Lili , Sun Lichang , Wei Ruicheng , Gao Qiang , He Tao , Xu Cunfa , Liu Xianjin , Wang Ran 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Bacteriophages (phages) are known to effectively kill extracellular multiplying bacteria. The present study demonstrated that phages penetrated bovine mammary epithelial cells and cleared intracellular
Staphylococcus aureus
in a time-dependent manner. In particular, phage vB_SauM_JS25 reached the nucleus within 3 h postincubation. The phages had an endocytotic efficiency of 12%. This ability to kill intracellular host bacteria suggests the utility of phage-based therapies and may protect patients from recurrent infection and treatment failure.
N
-Acetyl-
l
-Cysteine and Cysteamine as New Strategies against Mixed Biofilms of Nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae and Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Domenech Mirian , García Ernesto 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Acute otitis media, a polymicrobial disease of the middle ear cavity of children, is a significant public health problem worldwide. It is most frequently caused by encapsulated
Streptococcus pneumoniae
and nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae
, although the widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines is apparently producing an increase in the carriage of nonencapsulated
S. pneumoniae
. Frequently, pneumococci and
H. influenzae
live together in the human nasopharynx, forming a self-produced biofilm. Biofilms present a global medical challenge since the inherent antibiotic resistance of their producers demands the use of large doses of antibiotics over prolonged periods. Frequently, these therapeutic measures fail, contributing to bacterial persistence. Here, we describe the development of an
in vitro
nonencapsulated
S. pneumoniae
-nontypeable
H. influenzae
biofilm system with polystyrene or glass-bottom plates. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and specific fluorescent labeling of pneumococcal cells with
Helix
pomatia
agglutinin revealed an even distribution of both species within the biofilm. This simple and robust protocol of mixed biofilms was used to test the antimicrobial properties of two well-known antioxidants that are widely used in the clinical setting, i.e.,
N
-acetyl-
l
-cysteine and cysteamine. This repurposing approach showed the high potency of
N
-acetyl-
l
-cysteine and cysteamine against mixed biofilms of nonencapsulated
S. pneumoniae
and nontypeable
H. influenzae
. Decades of clinical use mean that these compounds are safe to use, which may accelerate their evaluation in humans.
Cephalosporin-3′-Diazeniumdiolate NO Donor Prodrug PYRRO-C3D Enhances Azithromycin Susceptibility of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Biofilms
Authors: Collins Samuel A. , Kelso Michael J. , Rineh Ardeshir , Yepuri Nageshwar R. , Coles Janice , Jackson Claire L. , Halladay Georgia D. , Walker Woolf T. , Webb Jeremy S. , Hall-Stoodley Luanne , Connett Gary J. , Feelisch Martin , Faust Saul N. , Lucas Jane S. A. , Allan Raymond N. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

PYRRO-C3D is a cephalosporin-3-diazeniumdiolate nitric oxide (NO) donor prodrug designed to selectively deliver NO to bacterial infection sites. The objective of this study was to assess the activity of PYRRO-C3D against nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae
(NTHi) biofilms and examine the role of NO in reducing biofilm-associated antibiotic tolerance. The activity of PYRRO-C3D on
in vitro
NTHi biofilms was assessed through CFU enumeration and confocal microscopy. NO release measurements were performed using an ISO-NO probe. NTHi biofilms grown on primary ciliated respiratory epithelia at an air-liquid interface were used to investigate the effects of PYRRO-C3D in the presence of host tissue. Label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) proteomic analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed proteins following NO treatment. PYRRO-C3D specifically released NO in the presence of NTHi, while no evidence of spontaneous NO release was observed when the compound was exposed to primary epithelial cells. NTHi lacking β-lactamase activity failed to trigger NO release. Treatment significantly increased the susceptibility of
in vitro
NTHi biofilms to azithromycin, causing a log fold reduction (10-fold reduction or 1-log-unit reduction) in viability (
P
< 0.05) relative to azithromycin alone. The response was more pronounced for biofilms grown on primary respiratory epithelia, where a 2-log-unit reduction was observed (
P
< 0.01). Label-free proteomics showed that NO increased expression of 16 proteins involved in metabolic and transcriptional/translational functions. NO release from PYRRO-C3D enhances the efficacy of azithromycin against NTHi biofilms, putatively via modulation of NTHi metabolic activity. Adjunctive therapy with NO mediated through PYRRO-C3D represents a promising approach for reducing biofilm-associated antibiotic tolerance.
Plazomicin Activity against 346 Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase/AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli Urinary Isolates in Relation to Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes
Authors: López-Diaz Maria del Carmen , Culebras Esther , Rodríguez-Avial Iciar , Rios Esther , Viñuela-Prieto José Manuel , Picazo Juan J. , Rodríguez-Avial Carmen 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

The activity of plazomicin and clinically relevant aminoglycosides was tested against 346 extended-spectrum-β-lactamase/AmpC-producing
Escherichia coli
urinary isolates, and the results were correlated with the presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs). Data showed that plazomicin was very active against all ESBL/AmpC-producing
E. coli
urinary isolates. Its activity was not related to the AME genes studied.