bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maturation of neural stem cells and integration into hippocampal circuits – a functional study in an in situ model of cerebral ischemia
Authors: Kopach Olga , Rybachuk Oksana , Krotov Volodymyr , Kyryk Vitalii , Voitenko Nana , Pivneva Tatyana 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
The hippocampus is the region of the brain that is most susceptible to ischemic lesion because it contains pyramidal neurons that are highly vulnerable to ischemic cell death. A restricted brain neurogenesis limits the possibility of reversing massive cell death after stroke and, hence, endorses cell-based therapies for neuronal replacement strategies following cerebral ischemia. Neurons differentiated from neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) can mature and integrate into host circuitry, improving recovery after stroke. However, how the host environment regulates the NSPC behavior in post-ischemic tissue remains unknown. Here, we studied functional maturation of NSPCs in control and post-ischemic hippocampal tissue after modelling cerebral ischemia in situ. We traced the maturation of electrophysiological properties and integration of the NSPC-derived neurons into the host circuits, with these cells developing appropriate activity 3 weeks or less after engraftment. In the tissue subjected to ischemia, the NSPC-derived neurons exhibited functional deficits, and differentiation of embryonic NSPCs to glial types – oligodendrocytes and astrocytes – was boosted. Our findings of the delayed neuronal maturation in post-ischemic conditions, while the NSPC differentiation was promoted towards glial cell types, provide new insights that could be applicable to stem cell therapy replacement strategies used after cerebral ischemia.
A systematic review of current osteoporotic metaphyseal fracture animal models
Authors: Wong R. M. Y. , Choy M. H. V. , Li M. C. M. , Leung K-S. , K-H. Chow S. , Cheung W-H. , Cheng J. C. Y. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives The treatment of osteoporotic fractures is a major challenge, and the enhancement of healing is critical as a major goal in modern fracture management. Most osteoporotic fractures occur at the metaphyseal bone region but few models exist and the healing is still poorly understood. A systematic review was conducted to identify and analyse the appropriateness of current osteoporotic metaphyseal fracture animal models. Materials and Methods A literature search was performed on the Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, and relevant articles were selected. A total of 19 studies were included. Information on the animal, induction of osteoporosis, fracture technique, site and fixation, healing results, and utility of the model were extracted. Results Fracture techniques included drill hole defects (3 of 19), bone defects (3 of 19), partial osteotomy (1 of 19), and complete osteotomies (12 of 19). Drill hole models and incomplete osteotomy models are easy to perform and allow the study of therapeutic agents but do not represent the usual clinical setting. Additionally, biomaterials can be filled into drill hole defects for analysis. Complete osteotomy models are most commonly used and are best suited for the investigation of therapeutic drugs or noninvasive interventions. The metaphyseal defect models allow the study of biomaterials, which are associated with complex and comminuted osteoporotic fractures. Conclusion For a clinically relevant model, we propose that an animal model should satisfy the following criteria to study osteoporotic fracture healing: 1) induction of osteoporosis, 2) complete osteotomy or defect at the metaphysis unilaterally, and 3) internal fixation. Cite this article: R. M. Y. Wong, M. H. V. Choy, M. C. M. Li, K-S. Leung, S. K-H. Chow, W-H. Cheung, J. C. Y. Cheng. A systematic review of current osteoporotic metaphyseal fracture animal models. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:6–11. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.71.BJR-2016-0334.R2.
Rapid detection of periprosthetic joint infection using a combination of 16s rDNA polymerase chain reaction and lateral flow immunoassay
Authors: Janz V. , Schoon J. , Morgenstern C. , Preininger B. , Reinke S. , Duda G. , Breitbach A. , Perka C. F. , Geissler S. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives The objective of this study was to develop a test for the rapid (within 25 minutes) intraoperative detection of bacteria from synovial fluid to diagnose periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Methods The 16s rDNA test combines a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of 16s rDNA with a lateral flow immunoassay in one fully automated system. The synovial fluid of 77 patients undergoing joint aspiration or primary or revision total hip or knee surgery was prospectively collected. The cohort was divided into a proof-of-principle cohort (n = 17) and a validation cohort (n = 60). Using the proof-of-principle cohort, an optimal cut-off for the discrimination between PJI and non-PJI samples was determined. PJI was defined as detection of the same bacterial species in a minimum of two microbiological samples, positive histology, and presence of a sinus tract or intra-articular pus. Results The 16s rDNA test proved to be very robust and was able to provide a result in 97% of all samples within 25 minutes. The 16s rDNA test was able to diagnose PJI with a sensitivity of 87.5% and 82%, and a specificity of 100% and 89%, in the proof-of-principle and validation cohorts, respectively. The microbiological culture of synovial fluid achieved a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 93% in the validation cohort. Conclusion The 16s rDNA test offers reliable intraoperative detection of all bacterial species within 25 minutes with a sensitivity and specificity comparable with those of conventional microbiological culture of synovial fluid for the detection of PJI. The 16s rDNA test performance is independent of possible blood contamination, culture time and bacterial species. Cite this article: V. Janz, J. Schoon, C. Morgenstern, B. Preininger, S. Reinke, G. Duda, A. Breitbach, C. F. Perka, S. Geissler. Rapid detection of periprosthetic joint infection using a combination of 16s rDNA polymerase chain reaction and lateral flow immunoassay: A Pilot Study. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:12–19. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.71.BJR-2017-0103.R2.
The Evaluation of the Concentration of Bivalent Basic Cations in Surface Water of the National Nature Reserve Čičov Oxbow
Authors: Noskovič Jaroslav , Babošová Mária , Porhajašová Jana Ivanič 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
During the years 2013–2014, the concentrations of bivalent basic cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ were evaluated in the water of the Čičov tributary, which belongs to the National Nature Reserve of the basin of the river Danube. On the basis of the results obtained, it can be stated that the average concentration of calcium for the whole reference period was 59.63 mg.dm−3. Minimum average concentration depending on the time of sampling was found in November (48.42 mg.dm−3) and maximum in July (70.73 mg.dm−3). We assume that this above average concentrations in the summer could be due to the lower surface of the water due to higher evaporation. Depending on the places of sampling points, the lowest average concentration (58.10 mg.dm−3) for the whole reference period was at the mouth of the Čilizian brook and the top (60.32 mg.dm−3) in the first side shoulder. The analysis of variance detected highly statistically significant effect of the year and month of collection on changes in the concentration of calcium. The average concentration of magnesium for the whole reference period was 14.54 mg.dm−3. As for the time of collection, the highest average concentrations for the entire observation period were found during the summer, with the maximum average concentration in July (16.94 mg.dm−3) and minimum in February (10.81 mg.dm−3). The lowest average magnesium concentration for the entire reference period, regarding to the sampling points, was measured in the north-eastern part of the nature reserve (14.28 mg.dm−3) and the highest one at the mouth of the Čilizian brook into the National Nature Reserve (14.72 mg.dm−3).
The Possibility of Using Digital Images in Assessment of Plant Canopy Development and Weed Spread
Authors: Kondrlová Elena , Horák Ján , Igaz Dušan , Dobiašová Dagmar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNowadays, there are various methods of plant biomass assessment available for the purposes of plant growth analysis. Visual plant coverage assessment is often subjective; the other methods are destructive or require purchasing some special devices. This paper presents the assessment of the possibilities and limitations of using digital images made by conventional digital cameras for the purposes of monitoring of the plant canopy development and weed distribution during a vegetation period using the example from the field experiment established on agricultural land in Malanta at the experimental site of the Slovak University of Agriculture. The study is focused on assessment of the effect of biochar application on gas emission, hydrophysical soil properties as well as plant response and yields and it was established in the spring of 2014. Downward images of corn (Zea maysL.) were taken during four sampling campaigns in the vegetation season 2015. Images were analysed by the BreedPix software that could estimate the portion of green fraction (count of green pixels) and thus the image-derived vegetation index (IDVI). According to the image analysis of photos taken during different sampling dates, it could be concluded that biochar addition had a positive effect on the plant growth (above ground biomass) since all treatments resulted in higher IDVIs at the end of the vegetative growth in comparison to control. Further, we assume that the increasing trend in the crop canopy growth was partially limited by competitive presence of weeds at the beginning of the study. According to our experience, we can recommend the software for temporal and spatial monitoring of agricultural crops development. The usage is limited to early growth stages. Moreover, it can be also used for assessment of the weed coverage.
Impact of Insecticides on Trichogramma Chilonis Parasitism and in the Oviposition Pattern of Large Cabbage Moth Eggs
Authors: Fangupo Sateki , Kant Rashmi , Palomar Manuel K. , Furlong Michael J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This study determined the effects of key insecticides on Trichogramma chilonis parasitism in field trials. It showed that the number of large cabbage moth (LCM) eggs in Chinese cabbage was significantly reduced after application of AttackTM (p: 0.001) and EntrustTM (p: 0.00) but not after spraying with OrtheneTM (p: 0.09) and DipelTM (p: 0.485). Negative effects of insecticides were observed on the parasitism rate of T. chilonis and LCM egg masses, which were more likely to be only partially parasitised after an insecticide application. AttackTM and EntrustTM adversely affected T. chilonis parasitism rates of LCM eggs. However, the effect of OrtheneTM and DipelTMdid not significantly differ from each other and could be safer to the parasitoid since both reduced T. chilonis parasitism the least. The distribution of LCM eggs in the cabbage leaves was also affected by the insecticides; before insecticide application the majority of egg masses were concentrated in the upper surface of the foliage but after insecticide sprays most of the egg masses were found in the lower surface of the foliage. This study suggests that OrtheneTM and DipelTMhave no effect on the parasitism but DipelTM was found safer to the parasitoid and it could be considered for inclusion in IPM programmes that depend on T. chilonis parasitism of LCM.
The Effect of Varieties and Degree of Ripeness to Vitamin C Content in Tomato Fruits
Authors: Valšíková-Frey Magdaléna , Komár Patrik , Rehuš Marián 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Nine selected varieties of tomatoes were grown in field experiments in order to follow up changes in the content of vitamin C, depending on the degree of the fruit ripeness. Vitamin C content of green fruit ranged from 6.74 mg (Denár) to 10.23 mg (Salus). The mean value for the varieties in the green state was 8.66 mg.100 g−1. The value of vitamin C in the semi-mature tomatoes ranged from 11.34 mg (Denár) to 14.95 mg (Darinka). The mean value for all varieties was 12.89 mg. 100 g−1. The lowest content of vitamin C was found in consumer (red) ripening tomato varieties Šejk (16.03 mg), Denár (16.32 mg) and Zámčan (16.80 mg) and the highest content of vitamin C in varieties Salus (19.43 mg) and Darinka (19.26 mg). The mean value for the nine varieties was 17.70 mg.100 g−1. In the botanical (overripe) maturity, we recorded the highest vitamin C content in the variety Salus (21.51 mg. 100 g−1). The highest increase in vitamin C was also recorded at the variety Darinka, where we registered the content of 21.32 mg.100 g−1. The lowest vitamin C content in botanical ripeness was observed in the variety Zámčan (19.44 mg.100 g−1). The average amount of vitamin C marked 20.26 g mg.100−1. The results can be concluded that the level of vitamin C is increasing by the gradual ripening of the fruits.
On-chip Mach-Zehnder interferometer for OCT systems
Authors: van Leeuwen Ton G. , Akca Imran B. , Angelou Nikolaos , Weiss Nicolas , Hoekman Marcel , Leinse Arne , Heideman Rene G. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
By using integrated optics, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of a bulky optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. One of the OCT components that can be implemented on-chip is the interferometer. In this work, we present the design and characterization of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer consisting of the wavelength-independent splitters and an on-chip reference arm. The Si3N4 was chosen as the material platform as it can provide low losses while keeping the device size small. The device was characterized by using a home-built swept source OCT system. A sensitivity value of 83 dB, an axial resolution of 15.2 μm (in air) and a depth range of 2.5 mm (in air) were all obtained.
Servile Spartans and Free Citizen-soldiers in Aristotle’s Politics 7–8
Authors: Lockwood Thornton 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In the last two books of the Politics, Aristotle articulates an education program for his best regime in contrast to what he takes to be the goal and practices of Sparta’s educational system. Although Aristotle never refers to his program as liberal education, clearly he takes its goal to be the production of free male and female citizens. By contrast, he characterizes the results of the Spartan system as ‘crude’ (φορτικός), ‘slavish’ (ἀνδραποδώδης), and ‘servile’ (βάναυσος). I argue that Aristotle’s criticisms of Spartan education elucidate his general understanding of Sparta and provide an interpretative key to understanding Politics 7–8. But although Aristotle contrasts the goals and methods of Spartan education with that of his own best regime, the citizens of his best regime are more like Spartan citizen-soldiers than Athenian participatory-citizens.
Determination of the Morphology of the Starch Granules and the Optimum Internal Cooking Temperature of Four Andean Crops: Oca (Oxalis tuberosaMolina), Olluco (Ullucus tuberosusLoz), Isaño (Tropaeolum tuberosumRuiz & Pavon) and Arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhizaBancroft)
Authors: Bellido-Valencia Omar , Huanca-Zúñiga Paul K. , Medina-Marroquín Luis A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAndean grains (i.e. quinoa, amaranth) have been increasingly studied in recent times, mainly due to the increase in international consumption. However, Andean tubers other than potatoes have not been so widespread and are mainly studied for their starch, previously extracted. This work studied the morphology of native starch in four of these crops (oca, olluco, isaño and aracacha), during cooking and the evolution of their internal temperature in relation to sensory acceptability. Using scanning electron microscopy, it was determined that the size of crude starch granules was between 9 μm to 38.2 μm for oca, 4.48 to 24.9 μm for olluco, 4.45 to 22.9 μm for isaño, and 5.36 to 23.8 μm for arracacha. Sensorially, it was determined that the optimum cooking temperature for arracacha was 89.1°C, 90.9°C for oca, 91°C for isaño, and 91.4 °C for olluco. All samples had optimal cooking times shorter than potato, with the isaño having the best heat transfer.
Preservative Effects of Gmelina arborea Fruits and Nauclea latifolia Stem Bark Extracts on Fruit Juice in Comparison with a Known Chemical Preservative
Authors: Akharaiyi Fred Coolborn , Ugberase Obehi Betsy 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Fruit juices are liable to spoilage as a result of fermentation by microorganisms. This study is intended to provide information on preservative of fruit juices with plant extracts. The preservative effects of Gmelina arborea fruit and Nauclea latifolia stem bark extracts in apple and pineapple juices were assessed in comparison to chemical preservative (sodium benzoate) as a positive control and refrigeration at 4 °C as a negative control measures. Decrease in microbial load during storage was observed in the prepared juice samples. G. arborea fruit extract in microbial inhibition was more potent followed by sodium benzoate and N. latifolia stem bark extract. G. arborea preserved juices were of better choice in sensory evaluation for acceptability than N. latifolia and sodium benzoate preserved juices. Phytochemical screened from the extracts are saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids. The titratable acidity of the prepared juices evaluated G. arborea of lower titratable acidity value than N. latifolia. The results has provided a partial support for the use of G. arborea fruits and N. latifolia stem bark extracts for preservation of fruit juices. The use of N. latifolia and G. arborea as preservative agents have not been documented and could be potential sources of natural preservative agents for future use in preservation of alcoholic and non alcoholic beverages.
Study on Food Quality and Safety Management Based on Hotel Management
Authors: Shi Zengye 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of food safety problems, people have begun to pay attention to food safety, especially the food safety of hotels. This paper proposed a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) management system to analyze food safety issues of hotels in order to improve the food quality and safety in hotel management. Through the practical application of the HACCP management system in the hotel catering industry, it was found that the amount of bacteria greatly reduced and the pass rate of tableware disinfection increased significantly in the hotel's food processing links, while customer satisfaction greatly improved. Therefore, the HACCP management system had great applicability in improving the food quality and safety of hotels.
Strangers of Popular Culture – The Verbal and Pictorial Aesthetics of Mythological Metal Music
Authors: Fejes János 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExtreme metal music is held to be a destructive genre of popular culture, treated as a pariah for many. Being a seriously misunderstood genre, I would like to highlight that metal music is a result of conscious work process that cannot only be noticed on the level of the music but on the level of verbal and pictorial expressions too. In my paper, I would like to show the working mechanisms of the so-called “(neo)pagan/mythological metal” movement, focusing on the rhetoric side of its mentioned expressions, searching for the ways these bands rewrite ancient myths and legends.For my research, I will use three main threads: 1) history of religion (looking for the connections of the reception of ancient topics in contemporary society, e.g. New Age Cults and New Religious Movements); 2) reception theory, as the thoughts of Northrop Frye, Wolfgang Iser (1972), and John Fiske (2011) all should help to understand the general processes behind reading and producing texts; 3) subculture studies – e.g. the works of Richard Schusterman and Deena Weinstein (2002) to have a deeper insight to the genres standing on the edge of mass and high culture.After a general introduction, I would like to demonstrate the above mentioned through some case studies. The chosen mythological cultures are going to be the world of the ancient Middle East (Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Old Testament), the classical Roman world, and the Viking Era, also showing some Hungarian and Romanian examples in the last section. In each section, the following issues should be examined: band and stage names connected to the topic, album titles, lyrics, and album covers. All these together will show us many clear patterns from romantic nostalgia to allegoric concepts, all revolving around the essence of metal music: being a Stranger in a familiar society.
Digital Immigrants – Strangers
Authors: Molnár György , Szűts Zoltán , Nagy Katalin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In social context, a stranger can be identified as one who is excluded from a group. This group can sometimes have only a few members, while in other cases it can consist of a whole nation or of an entire society. From a digital perspective, there are two kinds of citizens: first, those who are members of the digital information society. They are able to take part in social and public communication on several levels. Their habits often make life easier, and the pace they live their lives at is faster than of those before them. They are the digital natives. Second, there are those who designed the digital world, but ironically they are the ones who do not really understand how it works in practice. They are the digital immigrants, the strangers. In our study, our key point is that digital immigrants, who have been in this world longer than the so-called digital natives, are perceived as strangers as they are in many ways excluded from today’s digital information society. The rituals of their daily interaction, routine, and media consumption as well as information gathering differ from those who are “full members” of the information society.
The Beautiful Stranger – Szekler Teenagers’ Role Models
Authors: Gergely Orsolya 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The social learning theory emphasizes that model giving or guiding has always been one of the most powerful means for transmitting values, for demonstrating and accentuating the expected attitudes, habits, thinking, and behaviour (Bandura, 1986; Crosswhite et. al., 2003). Studies have shown that a role model could motivate a teenager’s sporting habits and performance in a positive way. They also found that the top athletes, those celebrities who appear frequently in the media, can become role models. Do Szekler teenagers have role models? Do they choose their role model from their physical environment or the international popular media stars or mediatized persons become their idolized model? We wanted to find out who those teenagers are from our region who choose as their role model a star, a famous person, a media celebrity – a well-known person but still a stranger for the teenagers of Szeklerland. If so, who are their icons and role models? Who are those people that have an exemplary behaviour in their eyes? To whom they would like to compare themselves when they grow up? And what are those characteristics which have decisive roles in choosing as role model a person they have never met before? The analysis is based on three important surveys conducted among teenagers from Romania (Covasna, Harghita, and Mureş counties). The surveys took place in the springs of 2012, 2014, and 2016. About two thousand pupils in the 7th and 11th grades were involved each time. On the basis of variables, such as age, gender, and type of residency, we will present general profiles and general types of Szekler teenagers regarding the role models of their choice.