bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated stratigraphy of a continental Pliensbachian–Toarcian Boundary (Lower Jurassic) section at Taskomirsay, Leontiev Graben, southwest Kazakhstan
Authors: Schnyder Johann , Pons Denise , Yans Johan , Tramoy Romain , Abdulanova Saya 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
During the Early Jurassic, major palaeoclimatic changes, associated with large carbon-cycle perturbations, occurred at the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary. Although the detailed marine palaeoclimatic record of this time interval and its impact on the marine biota is well recorded, much less is known about the continental realm. The current study documents new palynological and high-resolution carbon isotope data measured on bulk organic matter from the continental Lower Jurassic section of Taskomirsay in Kazakhstan, Central Asia. Both datasets allow a transition zone between the Pliensbachian and Toarcian to be identified. In addition, the spore and pollen distribution suggests a warming trend from the Pliensbachian to the Toarcian, most probably associated with a shift in floristic associations from the Siberian to the Sino-European palaeofloristic provinces, as recorded elsewhere in Central Asia during the Early Jurassic. The Taskomirsay section is thus of primary interest for palaeoclimatic studies as it is one of the very few well-dated continental section worldwide that records the Pliensbachian–Toarcian palaeoclimatic changes.

Supplementary material:
Table of δ
13
C
org
data, Taskomirsay section, Karatau Graben, Kazakhstan is available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3495645
Integration of Novel Agents into the Care of Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Orlowski Robert Z. , Lonial Sagar 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The pace of therapeutic drug development in multiple myeloma has reached unprecedented levels, with five regulatory approvals for relapsed and/or refractory disease of either new drugs or new drug regimens in 2015, one already in 2016, and still others anticipated. This has provided a wide array of options to be considered by patients and their health care providers in the event of relapse after or progression on front-line therapy. Most of these agents are currently being evaluated in earlier patient populations, including as parts of induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapy approaches, where their benefits may be even greater. Moreover, additional randomized studies have been completed with our previous stable of novel agents that inform their use in these settings as well. In the current contribution to this CCR Focus on multiple myeloma, we will present an overview of some of the key recent data that have supported the addition of these new therapeutics to our armamentarium against multiple myeloma. Also, we will provide some guidelines about possible best practices in applying these regimens and attempt to extrapolate how they will be used as parts of our future standards of care. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5443–52. ©2016 AACR.
See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Multiple Myeloma: Multiplying Therapies.”
Gene Expression Profiles in Myeloma: Ready for the Real World?
Authors: Szalat Raphael , Avet-Loiseau Herve , Munshi Nikhil C. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by molecular and clinical heterogeneity. The outcome of the disease has been dramatically improved with the advent of new drugs in the past few years. However, even in this context of increasing therapeutic options, important challenges remain, such as accurately evaluating patients' prognosis and predicting sensitivity to specific treatments and drug combinations. Transcriptomic studies have largely contributed to help decipher multiple myeloma complexity, characterizing multiple myeloma subgroups distinguished by different outcomes. Microarrays and, more recently, RNA sequencing allow evaluation of expression of coding and noncoding genes, alternate splicing events, mutations, and novel transcriptome modifiers, providing new information regarding myeloma biology, prognostication, and therapy. In this review, we discuss the role and impact of gene expression profiling studies in myeloma. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5434–42. ©2016 AACR.
See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Multiple Myeloma: Multiplying Therapies.”
Toll‐Like Receptor (TLR)4 and MyD88 are Essential for Atheroprotection by Peritoneal B1a B Cells
Authors: Hosseini Hamid , Li Yi , Kanellakis Peter , Tay Christopher , Cao Anh , Liu Edgar , Peter Karlheinz , Tipping Peter , Toh Ban‐Hock , Bobik Alex , Kyaw Tin 
Published: November 2016

Background

We previously identified peritoneal B1a cells that secrete natural IgM as a key atheroprotective B cell subset. However, the molecules that activate atheroprotective B1a cells are unknown. Here, we investigated whether Toll‐like receptors (TLRs)
TLR
2,
TLR
4, and
TLR
9 expressed by B1a cells are required for IgM‐mediated atheroprotection.

Methods and Results

We adoptively transferred B1a cells from wild‐type mice or from mice deficient in
TLR
2,
TLR
4,
TLR
9, or myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) into ApoE
−/−
mice depleted of peritoneal B1a cells by splenectomy and fed a high‐fat diet for 8 weeks. Elevations in plasma total, anti‐oxLDL (oxidized low‐density lipoprotein), anti‐leukocyte, anti‐
CD
3, anti‐
CD
8, and anti‐
CD
4 IgMs in atherosclerotic mice required B1a cells expressing
TLR
4 and MyD88, indicating a critical role for
TLR
4‐MyD88 signaling for IgM secretion. Suppression of atherosclerosis was also critically dependent on B1a cells expressing
TLR
4‐MyD88. Atherosclerosis suppression was associated not only with reductions in lesion apoptotic cells, necrotic cores, and ox
LDL
, but also with reduced lesion
CD
4
+
and
CD
8
+
T cells. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (
TGF
‐β1) expression, including macrophages expressing
TGF
‐β1, was increased, consistent with increased IgM‐mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages. Reductions in lesion inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (
TNF
‐α), interleukin (
IL)
1β, and
IL
‐18 were consistent with augmented
TGF
‐β1 expression.

Conclusions

TLR
4‐MyD88 expression on B1a cells is critical for their IgM‐dependent atheroprotection that not only reduced lesion apoptotic cells and necrotic cores, but also decreased
CD
4 and
CD
8 T‐cell infiltrates and augmented
TGF
‐β1 expression accompanied by reduced lesion inflammatory cytokines
TNF
‐α,
IL
‐1β, and
IL
‐18.
Bakhtin’s Influence on the Late-Soviet Philosophy
Authors: Soboleva Maja 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The paper is focused on the reception of Bakhtin’s philosophy in Soviet Russia in the 1970s. I argue that the application of Bakhtin’s ideas promoted the transformation of Soviet philosophy and the overcoming of Marxist-Leninist dialectical and historical materialism, which had been the official doctrine over 50 years. To prove my claim, I analyse the theories of Vladimir S. Bibler, Genrich S. Batishchev and Yurij M. Lotman. The case studies of theories of Bibler and Batishchev demonstrate that the reference to Bakhtin’s works propelled the transformation of Marxist-Leninist historical materialism towards a general theory of culture. With reference to Yurij Lotman’s works, it is also possible to show that Bakhtin’s ideas promoted the development of structural semiotics in the ussr.
Modelling plastic deformation in a single-crystal nickel-based superalloy using discrete dislocation dynamics
Authors: Lin B. , Huang M. S. , Farukh F. , Roy A. , Silberschmidt V. V. , Zhao L. G. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Background
Nickel-based superalloys are usually exposed to high static or cyclic loads in non-ambient environment, so a reliable prediction of their mechanical properties, especially plastic deformation, at elevated temperature is essential for improved damage-tolerance assessment of components.

Methods
In this paper, plastic deformation in a single-crystal nickel-based superalloy CMSX4 at elevated temperature was modelled using discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD). The DDD approach was implemented using a representative volume element with explicitly-introduced precipitate and periodic boundary condition. The DDD model was calibrated using stress–strain response predicted by a crystal plasticity model, validated against tensile and cyclic tests at 850 °C for <001 > and <111 > crystallographic orientations, at a strain rate of 1/s.

Results
The DDD model was capable to capture the global stress–strain response of the material under both monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. Considerably higher dislocation density was obtained for the <111 > orientation, indicating more plastic deformation and much lower flow stress in the material, when compared to that for <001 > orientation. Dislocation lines looped around the precipitate, and most dislocations were deposited on the surface of precipitate, forming a network of dislocation lines. Simple unloading resulted in a reduction of dislocation density.

Conclusions
Plastic deformation in metallic materials is closely related to dynamics of dislocations, and the DDD approach can provide a more fundamental understanding of crystal plasticity and the evolution of heterogeneous dislocation networks, which is useful when considering such issues as the onset of damage in the material during plastic deformation.
Sighted and visually impaired students’ perspectives of illustrations, diagrams and drawings in school science
Authors: McDonald Celia , Rodrigues Susan 
Published: November 2016

Background: In this paper we report on the views of students with and without visual impairments on the use of illustrations, diagrams and drawings (IDD) in science lessons. Method: Our findings are based on data gathered through a brief questionnaire completed by a convenience sample of students prior to trialling new resource material. The questionnaire sought to understand the students’ views about using IDD in science lessons. The classes involved in the study included one class from a primary school, five classes from a secondary school and one class from a school for visually impaired students. Results: Approximately 20% of the participants thought that the diagrams were boring and just under half (48%) of the total sample (regardless of whether they were sighted or visually impaired) did not think diagrams were easy to use. Only 14% of the participants felt that repeated encounters with the same diagrams made the diagrams easy to understand. Unlike sighted students who can ‘flit’ across diagrams, a visually impaired student may only see or touch a small part of the diagram at a time so for them ‘fliting’ could result in loss of orientation with the diagram. Conclusions: Treating sighted and visually impaired pupils equally is different to treating them identically. Sighted students incidentally learn how to interpret visual information from a young age. Students who acquire sight loss need to learn the different rules associated with reading tactile diagrams, or large print and those who are congenitally blind do not have visual memories to rely upon.
The Effects of Radial Growth Rate on Wood Properties and Anatomical Characteristics and an Evaluation of the Xylem Maturation Process in a Tropical Fast-Growing Tree Species, Gmelina arborea
Authors: Hidayati Fanny , Ishiguri Futoshi , Makino Kazuko , Tanabe Jun , Aiso Haruna , Prasetyo Vendy Eko , Marsoem Sri Nugroho , Wahyudi Imam , Iizuka Kazuya , Yokota Shinso 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of radial growth on wood properties and anatomical characteristics and to clarify the xylem maturation process in Gmelina arborea. Stem diameter, tree height, and stress-wave velocity were investigated for 54 5-year-old G. arborea trees planted in Indonesia. In addition, radial variations of wood properties (basic density and compressive strength parallel to the grain in green condition) and anatomical characteristics (fiber and vessel morphologies) were investigated for nine trees selected from three different radial growth categories (fast, medium, and slow growing). Stem diameter was positively significantly correlated with stress-wave velocity and compressive strength parallel to the grain in green condition. In addition, compressive strength and anatomical characteristics, except for wood fiber diameter, differed significantly among the radial growth categories. Radial variations of the wood properties and anatomical characteristics gradually increased, and then they showed constant values toward the bark. It is thought that the xylem maturation of G. arborea begins at approximately 5 cm from the pith. In addition, in a fast-growing tree species, such as G. arborea, the trees with faster stem diameter do not always form wood with low strength properties.
Cradle-to-Gate Life-Cycle Assessment of Composite I-Joist Production in the United States*
Authors: Bergman Richard D. , Alanya-Rosenbaum Sevda 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Transparency of environmental impacts for building products is of increasing concern. For wood building products, updating life-cycle assessment (LCA) data are critical to ensure that the corresponding environmental product declarations are of the proper recency to maintain this transparency. This study focused on the developing up-to-date life-cycle inventory (LCI) and associated life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) data for composite I-joist production in the Southeast (SE) and Pacific Northwest (PNW) regions of the United States. Components of the I-joist production system included in the analysis were laminated veneer lumber (LVL), finger-jointed lumber (FJL), and oriented strandboard (OSB), while the study itself considered five life-cycle stages, including forestry operations and I-joist manufacturing, in addition to the production of the components. Primary 2012 production data were collected and analyzed, and the resultant LCI flow and LCIA results were modeled on a declared unit of 1 km. The cradle-to-gate primary energy consumption was 82.0 and 74.2 GJ/km for all five life-cycle stages in the SE and PNW, respectively. The LVL stage had the highest share at 55 percent (SE) and 51 percent (PNW), followed by OSB and I-joist, while the contribution of forestry operations was minor. The global warming (GW) impact from gate-to-gate I-joist production in the SE, about 59 percent, was attributed to resin inputs and electricity consumption. The main reasons for relatively high GW impacts for LVL and I-joist production were that little wood fuel was available on-site to provide thermal energy for processing and the consumption of natural gas and electricity to aid in emission control.
Studying Built Architecture as an Intangible Heritage in Unequally Divided Cities
Authors: Castela Tiago 
Published: November 2016

This essay reflects on how built architecture can be studied as an intangible heritage, focusing on the specificities of city life in the Iberian states of the European region and in Ibero-American states. This reflection foregrounds the ways in which the concept of built architecture as an intangible heritage may be enabling for those invested in challenging the contemporary dual planning regimes that often govern unequally divided cities in both regions; such situated planning regimes are characterized by persistences of the rationalities of colonialism and development. The essay starts by discussing how architecture research—and architectural history in particular—can articulate critical theories of space that allow research to understand built architecture as a “constantly recreated,” plural assemblage of spatial representations, practices, and imaginations. It will continue with an examination on the methodological implications of this theoretical approach to built architecture as an intangible heritage, notably regarding the possibilities of historical research methods informed by an ethnographic perspective. The reflection draws on an experience of fieldwork and archival research on the history of the late Twentieth-Century urban extensions of Lisbon. In addition, it draws on the valuable debates on built heritage within tradition studies, as well as on the diverse literature on informal spatial production in cities in Brazil, Peru, and elsewhere in the Ibero-American region. The reflection will conclude by exploring how studying the built environment as an intangible heritage can illuminate the elisions of urban history in the construction of a domain of built heritage; and in particular on how specific informally produced spaces are conceived synchronically as expressing a timeless cultural heritage, notably of rurality. What are some of the ways in which situated urban histories in Iberia and in the Ibero-American region articulate colonial and developmental rationalities that foster the celebration of certain kinds of built heritage, and the forgetting of others? Furthermore, to what extent does scholarly research, as well as the much maligned practices of poverty tourism, focus on a select number of unequal spaces such as Rio’s Rocinha or Lisbon’s Cova da Moura, often productively placing such spaces in the frame of a bounded, cultural heritage while neglecting situated histories of unequal division, attentive both to plural intangible heritages and to global circulations of prospective imagination.
The Master Plan of the Cathedral of Cuenca. A Continued Intervention
Authors: Gomez Maryan Alvarez-Builla 
Published: November 2016

It is necessary to situate the intervention plan of a cathedral today around a document called CATHEDRAL MASTER PLAN. The strategies of active conservation and critical evolution proposed in 1968 by Cesare Brandi through his theory of Restauro established the new guidelines for intervention processes for these buildings.
According to his statement, it is necessary to address the idea of change within the new heritage interventions. It proposes a parallel debate between historic nostalgia and the modern appropriation of the Monument, incorporating aspects both from the Letter of Venice from 1964 and, in anticipation, from the Letter of Krakovia from 2000, that explicitly foresaw against the historic and reactionary lectures within heritage interventions. The “critical restoration” of our country. It leads in 1987 to the elaboration of the National Plan of Cathedrals. From that moment, the Master Plan established for each cathedral, with a 10-year horizon and financed by country’s 1% cultural budget allocation for all national works, has developed the program directives for the conservation of these monuments and their contents.
As an alternative instrument to the classic project, the MASTER PLAN adds to the Monument a temporary strategy of continued sustainability, incorporating a future project to the current logic of its architecture, without forgetting its historic connotations.
O PASSADO PRESENTE Problemas epistemológicos do restauro arquitetônico
Authors: Carsalade Flavio Lemos 
Published: November 2016

RESUMO: O artigo examina a pertinência dos fundamentos da teoria da preservação vigentes nas áreas da cultura (estabilidade cultural), história (objetivismo histórico) e artes (imanência da arte) visando discutir sua validade no campo da preservação e restauro do patrimônio construído. A partir dessa análise, o autor discute o que efetivamente se preserva e restaura em arquitetura e a pertinência das técnicas que se aplicam, indicando a necessidade de uma abordagem própria para este campo. ABSTRACT: The article exams the pertinence of the principles of the actual heritage preservation theory in the fields of culture (cultural stability), history (historical objectivism) and arts (artistic immanence) in order to discuss its validity in issues on preservation and restoration of the built heritage. From this analyses, the author discuss about what really is preserved and restored in architectural assets and the related techniques, showing the necessity of a proper approach on architectural matters.
Ein softwarebasierter Patientensimulator zur Evaluierung medizinischer Entscheidungssysteme
Authors: Kretschmer Jörn , Laufer Bernhard , Lehmann Thomas , Stehle Patrick , Redmond Daniel , Möller Knut 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Automatisierung der klinischen Intensivtherapie ist eine Entwicklung mit enormem ökonomischem Potential. Die immer
komplexer werdenden Algorithmen für eine solche Automatisierung müssen während der Entwicklung aber auch zur
Evaluierung und Validierung systematisch getestet werden. Besonders in der Entwicklungsphase eignen sich hierzu
Simulationssysteme, die die physiologischen Reaktionen des Patienten abbilden und eine realitätsnahe Evaluierung
ermöglichen. Im Folgenden soll ein solcher Patientensimulator vorgestellt werden, der einen mechanisch beatmeten
Patienten abbilden kann. Die Ergebnisse der Patientensimulation zeigen in ihrer Gesamtheit physiologisch plausibles
Verhalten und können in Echtzeit oder schneller berechnet werden.
Beispiele für den Einsatz von Automatisierungstechnik bei der Analyse biologischer Modellorganismen
Authors: Marcato Daniel , Breitwieser Helmut , Scheikl Paul , Peravali Ravindra , Reischl Markus , Pylatiuk Christian 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Biologische Modellorganismen wie z. B. die Eier des Zebrafischs müssen für Experimente in der Regel zunächst in
Mikrotiterplatten einsortiert werden, damit sie mikroskopiert werden können. Die Auswertung des dabei gewonnenen
Bildmaterials erfolgt anschließend, wie die anderen Prozessschritte auch, meist manuell. Aus diesem Grund wurden Systeme
zur Automatisierung der verschiedenen Prozessschritte am Institut für Angewandte Informatik entwickelt. Die ausgewählten
Beispiele beinhalten das automatische Sortieren von Zebrafischeiern durch einen Roboter ohne die Einwirkung von sichtbarem
Licht, die daran anschließende automatisierte Detektion von motorischen Reaktionen der Fischeier auf optische Reize und
ein System zur automatisierten Verhaltensbeobachtung adulter Fische.
State-of-the-art diagnosis of myocardial infarction
Authors: Vafaie Mehrshad 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The current version of the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (MI) was published in 2012. An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is characterized by evidence of myocardial necrosis in a clinical setting of acute myocardial ischemia. Diagnostic criteria include a rise and/or fall of serially tested cardiac biomarkers (preferentially cardiac troponins) with at least one value above the 99th percentile of the upper reference limit combined with symptoms of ischemia, new changes on electrocardiogram (ECG), imaging evidence of a new loss of viable myocardium or new regional wall motion abnormalities or the identification of an intracoronary thrombus by angiography or autopsy. Compared to previous versions, the current definition of MI includes minor modifications regarding ECG criteria and subtypes of MI as well as the use of cardiac imaging and high sensitivity troponin assays. This article summarizes the Universal MI definition and includes recommendations from the current guidelines for the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Strategies for “early rule-in” and “rule-out” of non-ST-elevation MI with high sensitivity cardiac troponin assays, risk scores for assessment of ischemic and bleeding risk and criteria for optimal timing of angiography are presented.