bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-1β differently stimulates proliferation and multinucleation of distinct mouse bone marrow osteoclast precursor subsets
Authors: Cao Yixuan , Jansen Ineke D C , Sprangers Sara , Stap Jan , Leenen Pieter J M , Everts Vincent , de Vries Teun J 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOsteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells and targets for treating bone diseases. Previously, we reported that distinct murine osteoclast precursor subsets, such as early blasts (CD31hi Ly-6C−), myeloid blasts (CD31+ Ly-6C+), and monocytes (CD31− Ly-6Chi), respond differently to the osteoclastogenesis-inducing cytokines, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand. It is unknown, however, how these cell types respond to the osteoclast-stimulating inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β. This study aims to investigate the effect of interleukin 1β on osteoclastogenesis derived from different mouse bone marrow precursors. Early blasts, myeloid blasts, and monocytes were sorted from mouse bone marrow cells using flow cytometry. Cells were cultured on plastic or on bone slices in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand, without or with interleukin 1β (0.1–10 ng/ml). We found that interleukin 1β stimulated multinucleation and bone resorption of osteoclasts derived from the 3 precursors at different rates. The most large osteoclasts (&gt;20 nuclei) and highest level of bone resorption (16.3%) was by myeloid blast–derived osteoclasts. Interleukin 1β particularly accelerated proliferation of early blasts and the most small osteoclasts (3–5 nuclei) formed on plastic. Life span varied among osteoclasts derived from different precursors: large osteoclasts (&gt;2400 µm2) formed most rapidly (75 h) from myeloid blasts but had a short life span (30 h). Monocytes needed the longest time (95 h) for the generation of such large osteoclasts, but these cells had a longer life span (50 h). Our results indicate that the different bone marrow osteoclast precursors are differently stimulated by interleukin 1β with respect to proliferation, multinucleation, life span, and bone resorption.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates autoimmune arthritis by reciprocal regulation of T helper-17 regulatory T cells and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting STAT3 signaling
Authors: Lee Seon-Yeong , Jung Young Ok , Ryu Jun-Geol , Oh Hye-Jwa , Son Hye-Jin , Lee Seung Hoon , Kwon Jeong-Eun , Kim Eun-Kyung , Park Mi-Kyung , Park Sung-Hwan , Kim Ho-Youn , Cho Mi-La 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a potent antioxidant. Here, we describe the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on T cell differentiation and osteoclast differentiation in an animal model of arthritis. Mice with collagen-induced arthritis were injected intraperitoneally with epigallocatechin-3-gallate, 3 times/wk after the primary immunization. Surface markers of T helper 17 cells and regulatory T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to evaluate the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on cell signaling in the collagen-induced arthritis model. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate decreased the arthritis index and showed protective effects against joint destruction in collagen-induced arthritis mice. The expression of cytokines, oxidative stress proteins, and phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, 705 and 727, were significantly less in mice treated with epigallocatechin-3-gallate than it was in controls. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate reduced the expression of osteoclast markers in vitro and in vivo relative to the control, and the antiosteoclastic activity was observed in epigallocatechin-3-gallate–treated, interferon-γ knockout mice. The proportion of forkhead box protein 3–positive regulatory T cells was increased in the spleens of mice treated with epigallocatechin-3-gallate compared with control mice, whereas the proportion of T helper 17 cells was reduced. In vitro, the expression of nuclear respiratory factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase was increased significantly by epigallocatechin-3-gallate. We demonstrated that the administration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuated the symptoms of arthritis, inhibited osteoclastogenesis and T helper 17 cell activation, and increased the number of regulatory T cells. At the molecular level, the antiarthritic effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate may be due to induction of phosphorylated–extracellular signal-regulated kinase, nuclear respiratory factor 2, and heme oxygenase-1 and inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 activation.
Using Quality Improvement Methods and Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing to Improve Value-Based Cancer Care Delivery at a Cancer Genetics Clinic
Authors: Tan Ryan Y.C. , Met-Domestici Marie , Zhou Ke , Guzman Alexis B. , Lim Soon Thye , Soo Khee Chee , Feeley Thomas W. , Ngeow Joanne 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:To meet increasing demand for cancer genetic testing and improve value-based cancer care delivery, National Cancer Centre Singapore restructured the Cancer Genetics Service in 2014. Care delivery processes were redesigned. We sought to improve access by increasing the clinic capacity of the Cancer Genetics Service by 100% within 1 year without increasing direct personnel costs.Methods:Process mapping and plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles were used in a quality improvement project for the Cancer Genetics Service clinic. The impact of interventions was evaluated by tracking the weekly number of patient consultations and access times for appointments between April 2014 and May 2015. The cost impact of implemented process changes was calculated using the time-driven activity-based costing method.Results:Our study completed two PDSA cycles. An important outcome was achieved after the first cycle: The inclusion of a genetic counselor increased clinic capacity by 350%. The number of patients seen per week increased from two in April 2014 (range, zero to four patients) to seven in November 2014 (range, four to 10 patients). Our second PDSA cycle showed that manual preappointment reminder calls reduced the variation in the nonattendance rate and contributed to a further increase in patients seen per week to 10 in May 2015 (range, seven to 13 patients). There was a concomitant decrease in costs of the patient care cycle by 18% after both PDSA cycles.Conclusion:This study shows how quality improvement methods can be combined with time-driven activity-based costing to increase value. In this paper, we demonstrate how we improved access while reducing costs of care delivery.
The Effects of Lidocaine on Central Respiratory Neuron Activity and Nociceptive-Related Responses in the Brainstem–Spinal Cord Preparation of the Newborn Rat
Authors: Shakuo Tomoharu , Lin Shih-Tien , Onimaru Hiroshi 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND:
Lidocaine is widely used in the clinical setting as a local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. Although it has been suggested that lidocaine exerts inhibitory effects on the central and peripheral neurons, there are no reports on its effects on central respiratory activity in vertebrates. In this study, we examined the effects of lidocaine on respiratory rhythm generation and nociceptive response in brainstem–spinal cord preparations from the newborn rats.

METHODS:
Preparations were isolated from Wistar rats (postnatal day 0–3) and superfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid equilibrated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2, pH 7.4, at 25°C to 26°C. We examined the effects of lidocaine on the fourth cervical ventral root (C4)-inspiratory activity and on the preinspiratory and inspiratory neurons in the rostral medulla. We also examined the effects on the C4/C5 reflex responses induced by ipsilateral C7/C8 dorsal root stimulation, which are thought to be related to the nociceptive response.

RESULTS:
The application of low doses of lidocaine (10–20 μM) resulted in a slight increase of the C4 burst rate, whereas high doses of lidocaine (100–400 μM) decreased the burst rate in a dose-dependent manner, eventually resulting in the complete cessation of respiratory rhythm. High doses of lidocaine decreased the burst duration and negative slope conductance of preinspiratory neurons, suggesting that lidocaine blocked persistent Na+ current. After the burst generation of the respiratory neurons ceased, depolarizing current stimulation continued to induce action potentials; however, the induction of the spike train was depressed because of strong adaptation. A low dose of lidocaine (20 μM) depressed C4/C5 spinal reflex responses.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings indicate that lidocaine depressed nociception-related responses at lower concentrations than those that induced respiratory depression. Our report provides the basic neuronal mechanisms to support the clinical use of lidocaine, which shows antinociceptive effects with minimal side effects on breathing.
Formation of the Tonal Pattern and Prosodic Transformation of the Pentasyllabic Line in the Datong Reign (535–46) of the Liang
Authors: Xiaoqin Du , E Li 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Using statistical evidence, this essay considers the differentiation of the tones of the second and fourth syllables in a pentasyllabic line during the Datong reign period 大同 (535–46) of the Liang 梁 (502–57), a crucial stage in the development of recent-style regulated verse. The increased use of 2–2–1 prosodic structure of the pentasyllabic lines of this period indicates that the fourth syllable in the line had become a defining caesural point. Furthermore, the emergence of this new regulation will be shown in relation to the growing need for semantic and aesthetic expression in pentasyllabic poetry ranging from the Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 (420–589) to the Sui 隋 (581–618) and the Tang 唐 (618–907) periods.
Sound Over Ideograph: The Basis of Chinese Poetic Art
Authors: Cai Zong-qi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The author argues that Chinese characters have shaped Chinese poetic art not through their ideographic form but through their monosyllabic sound. Specifically, the pauses in a Chinese poetic line tend to be determined by sound patterns. Since monosyllabic sound is nearly always endowed with meaning, sound patterns tend to be semantic groupings as well. These groupings of meaning, in turn, determine syntax and, by extension, the organization of an entire poem. Given the semantic denseness of Chinese poetry, this structure is crucial to the overall meaning of a poem, to how we read or understand it. So what we have is something like sound ⇒ prosodic pattern ⇒ semantic grouping ⇒ syntax ⇒ structure. A multilayered integration of all these elements seems to represent the gestalt of Chinese poetic form, with monosyllabic sound as its foundation. At its best, this gestalt engenders a dynamic interplay of all its elements, from which poetic vision emerges.
The Influence of Quasiplanar Structures of Partially Oxygen-Bridged Triphenylamine Dimers on the Properties of Their Bulk Films
Authors: Nishimura Hidetaka , Fukushima Tatsuya , Wakamiya Atsushi , Murata Yasujiro , Kaji Hironori 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The relationship between molecular orientation and charge-transporting properties in vapor-deposited films of two doubly oxygen-bridged triphenylamine dimers, which differ in their connection mode, was examined. A comparison of the fluorescence spectra obtained from these films, as well as from solution and the crystalline state revealed that the dimers retain two different states in amorphous films, i.e., a monomer-like random orientation and a crystalline-like π-stacking orientation. Regarding the crystalline-like π-stacking orientation in the films, one dimer forms a one-dimensional π-stacking structure, whereas the other dimer forms a two-dimensional π-stacking structure, thus reflecting the difference in packing structure in the crystals. Time-of-flight measurements showed a strong dependence of the charge mobilities in the film of the dimer with a one-dimensional π-stacking structure on the electric field. The film of the dimer with a two-dimensional π-stacking structure exhibited ambipolar charge-transport properties with high electron and hole mobilities. When these dimers were used as hole injection layers in organic light-emitting diode devices, the external quantum efficiencies improved by a factor of 1.2 relative to standard devices.
Thrombin Generation Assay and Its Application in the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Tripodi Armando 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
A gap exists between in vivo and ex vivo coagulation when investigated by use of the coagulation tests prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). The thrombin generation assay (TGA) has been developed to fill this gap.

CONTENT
TGA evaluates thrombin generation (resulting from the action of the procoagulant driver) and decay (resulting from the action of the anticoagulant driver), thus assessing the balance between the two. Coagulation of the test plasma (platelet poor or platelet rich) is activated by small amounts of tissue factor and phospholipids, and the reaction of thrombin generation is continuously monitored by means of a thrombin-specific fluorogenic substrate. Among the parameters derived from the thrombin-generation curve, the most important is the endogenous thrombin potential, defined as the net amount of thrombin that test plasmas can generate on the basis of the relative strength of the pro- and anticoagulant drivers. TGA is therefore the candidate assay to investigate hypo- or hypercoagulability.

SUMMARY
From my analysis of the literature, I draw the following conclusions. There is strong evidence that TGA is helpful to elucidate coagulation mechanisms in various clinical conditions that until recently were poorly understood (chronic liver disease; diabetes; inflammatory bowel disease, myeloproliferative neoplasms, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease). TGA is a promising laboratory tool for investigating hemorrhagic coagulopathies and monitoring replacement therapy in hemophiliacs, predicting the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism after a first event, and monitoring patients on parenteral or oral anticoagulants. These applications require clinical trials in which TGA results are combined with specific clinical end points.
The results of glaucoma drainage tube surgery in patients with diabetes
Authors: Bikbov Mukharram M. , Khusnitdinov Ilnur I. 
Published: March 2016

Aim. To compare the effectiveness of "Glautex" drainage and the Ahmed valve for the treatment of secondary neovascular glaucoma in patients with diabetes.Material and methods. We observed 28 eyes with neovascular glaucoma in 28 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The mean age of patients was 56.61 ± 1.43 years (range: 40–65). There were 11 males and 17 females. Patients were divided into two groups based on the drainage device used. The first group included 13 patients (13 eyes) for whom "Glautex" drainage was used, while the second group included 15 patients for whom the Ahmed valve model FP7 (New World Medical Inc., USA) was used.Results. The absolute hypotensive effect [normalization of intraocular pressure (IOP) without the use of drugs] 1 year after surgery was 46.1% (6/13) in group I and 60% (9/15) in group II. The relative hypotensive effect (normalization of IOP during treatment with glaucoma drugs) 1 year after surgery was 53.8% (7/13) in group I and 80% (12/15) in group II. Hyphema in the early postoperative period was observed in 30.7% (4/13) and 26.6% (4/15) of patients in groups I and II, respectively. Hypotension with choroid detachment was observed in 23.1% (3/13) of group I patients and 13.3% (2/15) of group II patients. Migration of the tube to the scleral layers occurred after implantation of the Ahmed valve in 6.6% (1/15) of patients.Conclusion. Comparative analysis of the outcomes of surgical treatment of secondary neovascular glaucoma in patients with diabetes showed that the most effective method to lower IOP was implantation of an Ahmed valve. The valve preserved visual function during the 1-year follow-up period and resulted in failed outcomes in only 20% of patients. The hypotensive effect of sinus trabeculectomy was observed in 53.8% of patients with "Glautex" drainage. There was a progressive decrease in visual function and the need for reintervention in 46.1% of group 1 patients.
A review of insulin lispro for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shestakova Marina V. , Elizarova Svetlana V. , Jabbar Abdul 
Published: March 2016

A critical aspect of the treatment of most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the initiation (and subsequent intensification) of insulin therapy when lifestyle interventions and oral anti-hyperglycaemic drugs fail to maintain or improve glycaemic control. There are several insulin treatment options available, including basal insulin, basal-bolus insulin and premixed insulin. Each of these options has advantages and disadvantages. The insulin lispro premixed insulin analogues, mix 25 (25% insulin lisproand 75% insulin lispro protamine suspension) and mix 50 (50% insulin lispro and 50% insulin lispro protamine suspension), which include intermediate- and rapid-acting components, were recently added to Russia’s national drug reimbursement program, increasing the treatment options for patients with T2DM. The aim of this review is to provide Russian physicians with current information on the efficacy and safety of insulin lispro, with a focus on insulin lispro mixtures, for the treatment of T2DM.
Optimization of amino acid-stabilized erythropoietin parenteral formulation: In vitro and in vivo assessment
Authors: Fayed Bahgat E. , Tawfik Abdulkader F. , Yassin Alaa Eldeen B. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to optimize the formulation of erythropoietin (EPO) using amino acids instead of human serum albumin (HSA) and to evaluate its in vivo stability in order to avoid the risk of viral contamination and antigenicity. Different EPO formulations were developed in such a way as to allow studying the effects of amino acids and surfactants on the EPO stability profile. The main techniques applied for EPO analysis were ELISA, Bradford method, and SDS gel electrophoresis. The in vivo stability was evaluated in a Balb-c mouse animal model. The results showed that the presence of surfactant was very useful in preventing the initial adsorption of EPO on the walls of vials and in minimizing protein aggregation. Amino acid combinations, glycine with glutamic acid, provided maximum stability. Formulation F4 (containing glycine, glutamic acid and Tween 20) showed minimum aggregation and degradation and in vivo activity equivalent to commercially available HSA-stabilized EPO (Eprex®).
Preliminary in vitro evaluation of the anti-proliferative activity of guanylhydrazone derivatives
Authors: França Paulo H. B. , Da Silva-Júnior Edeildo F. , Aquino Pedro G. V. , Santana Antônio E. G. , Ferro Jamylle N. S. , De Oliveira Barreto Emiliano , Do Ó Pessoa Cláudia , Meira Assuero Silva , De Aquino Thiago M. , Alexandre-Moreira Magna S. , Schmitt Martine , De Araújo-Júnior João X. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Guanylhydrazones have shown promising antitumor activity in preclinical tumor models in several studies. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the cytotoxic effect of a series of synthetic guanylhydrazones. Different human tumor cell lines, by including HCT-8 (colon carcinoma), MDA-MB-435 (melanoma) and SF-295 (glioblastoma) were continuous exposed to guanylhydrazone derivatives for 72 hours and growth inhibition of tumor cell lines and macrophages J774 was measured using tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay. Compounds 7, 11, 16 and 17 showed strong cytotoxic activity with IC
50 values lower than 10 μmol L−1 against four tumor cell lines. Among them, 7 was less toxic to non-tumor cells. Finally, obtained data suggest that guanylhydrazones may be regarded as potential lead compounds for the design of novel anticancer agents.
High performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of xipamide, triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide in bulk drug samples and dosage forms
Authors: Abd El-Hay Soad S. , Hashem Hisham , Gouda Ayman A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A novel, simple and robust high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of xipamide (XIP), triamterene (TRI) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in their bulk powders and dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was carried out in less than two minutes. The separation was performed on a RP C-18 stationary phase with an isocratic elution system consisting of 0.03 mol L−1 orthophosphoric acid (pH 2.3) and acetonitrile (ACN) as the mobile phase in the ratio of 50:50, at 2.0 mL min−1 flow rate at room temperature. Detection was performed at 220 nm. Validation was performed concerning system suitability, limits of detection and quantitation, accuracy, precision, linearity and robustness. Calibration curves were rectilinear over the range of 0.195–100 μg mL−1 for all the drugs studied. Recovery values were 99.9, 99.6 and 99.0 % for XIP, TRI and HCT, respectively. The method was applied to simultaneous determination of the studied analytes in their pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Isometric Embeddings of Pro-Euclidean Spaces
Authors: Minemyer Barry 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In [12] Petrunin proves that a compact metric space X admits an intrinsic isometry into En if and
only if X is a pro-Euclidean space of rank at most n, meaning that X can be written as a “nice” inverse limit
of polyhedra. He also shows that either case implies that X has covering dimension at most n. The purpose
of this paper is to extend these results to include both embeddings and spaces which are proper instead
of compact. The main result of this paper is that any pro-Euclidean space of rank at most n is proper and
admits an intrinsic isometric embedding into E2n+1. Since every n-dimensional Riemannian manifold is a
pro-Euclidean space of rank at most n, this result is a partial generalization of (the C0 version of) the famous
Nash isometric embedding theorem from [10].
Combinatorial Modulus on Boundary of
Right-Angled Hyperbolic Buildings
Authors: Clais Antoine 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this article, we discuss the quasiconformal structure of boundaries of right-angled hyperbolic
buildings using combinatorial tools. In particular, we exhibit some examples of buildings of dimension 3
and 4 whose boundaries satisfy the combinatorial Loewner property. This property is a weak version of the
Loewner property. This is motivated by the fact that the quasiconformal structure of the boundary led to many
results of rigidity in hyperbolic spaces since G.D.Mostow. In the case of buildings of dimension 2, many work
have been done by M. Bourdon and H. Pajot. In particular, the Loewner property on the boundary permitted
them to prove the quasi-isometry rigidity of right-angled Fuchsian buildings.
Deformation Properties of Tailor Welded Blank Made of Dual Phase Steels
Authors: Schrek Alexander , Švec Pavol , Gajdošová Veronika 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The paper is dedicated to forming and properties of passenger car’s B-pillar reinforcement drawn from simple blank and alternatively tailor-welded blank (TWB). Drawn part is characterised by a place with a large strain, while forming process simulation did not confirm the creation of crack using the TWB consisting of dual phase HCT980X instead of previous HCT600 steel. It is because HCT980X steel has higher strength and lower ductile properties. The analysis of properties of drawn parts is focused on the simulated crash test in Dynaform software. Obtained sizes of drawn forces in simulated frame of the drawn parts and their comparison proved the possibility of the replacement the 1.2 mm thick simple blank from HCT600 steel with the 1 mm thick TWB consisting of HCT600 and HCT980X steel. The changed thickness of the simple blank caused 20% weight saving while containing the same properties of the drawn part.