bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autocrine and Paracrine Regulation of the Murine Skeleton by Osteocyte-Derived Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
Authors: Ansari Niloufar , Ho Patricia WM , Crimeen-Irwin Blessing , Poulton Ingrid J , Brunt Athena R , Forwood Mark R , Divieti Pajevic Paola , Gooi Jonathan H , Martin T John , Sims Natalie A 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) have N-terminal domains that bind a common receptor, PTHR1. N-terminal PTH (teriparatide) and now a modified N-terminal PTHrP (abaloparatide) are US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapies for osteoporosis. In physiology, PTHrP does not normally circulate at significant levels, but acts locally, and osteocytes, cells residing within the bone matrix, express both PTHrP and the PTHR1. Because PTHR1 in osteocytes is required for normal bone resorption, we determined how osteocyte-derived PTHrP influences the skeleton. We observed that adult mice with low PTHrP in osteocytes (targeted with the Dmp1(10kb)-Cre) have low trabecular bone volume and osteoblast numbers, but osteoclast numbers were unaffected. In addition, bone size was normal, but cortical bone strength was impaired. Osteocyte-derived PTHrP therefore stimulates bone formation and bone matrix strength, but is not required for normal osteoclastogenesis. PTHrP knockdown and overexpression studies in cultured osteocytes indicate that osteocyte-secreted PTHrP regulates their expression of genes involved in matrix mineralization. We determined that osteocytes secrete full-length PTHrP with no evidence for secretion of lower molecular weight forms containing the N-terminus. We conclude that osteocyte-derived full-length PTHrP acts through both PTHR1 receptor-mediated and receptor-independent actions in a paracrine/autocrine manner to stimulate bone formation and to modify adult cortical bone strength. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cherubism Mice Also Deficient in c-Fos Exhibit Inflammatory Bone Destruction Executed by Macrophages That Express MMP14 Despite the Absence of TRAP+ Osteoclasts
Authors: Kittaka Mizuho , Mayahara Kotoe , Mukai Tomoyuki , Yoshimoto Tetsuya , Yoshitaka Teruhito , Gorski Jeffrey P , Ueki Yasuyoshi 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Currently, it is believed that osteoclasts positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP+) are the exclusive bone-resorbing cells responsible for focal bone destruction in inflammatory arthritis. Recently, a mouse model of cherubism (Sh3bp2KI/KI) with a homozygous gain-of-function mutation in the SH3-domain binding protein 2 (SH3BP2) was shown to develop auto-inflammatory joint destruction. Here, we demonstrate that Sh3bp2KI/KI mice also deficient in the FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (c-Fos) still exhibit noticeable bone erosion at the distal tibia even in the absence of osteoclasts at 12 weeks old. Levels of serum collagen I C-terminal telopeptide (ICTP), a marker of bone resorption generated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), were elevated, whereas levels of serum cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX), another resorption marker produced by cathepsin K, were not increased. Collagenolytic MMP levels were increased in the inflamed joints of the Sh3bp2KI/KI mice deficient in c-Fos. Resorption pits contained a large number of F4/80+ macrophages and genetic depletion of macrophages rescued these erosive changes. Importantly, administration of NSC405020, an MMP14 inhibitor targeted to the hemopexin (PEX) domain, suppressed bone erosion in c-Fos-deficient Sh3bp2KI/KI mice. After activation of the NF-κB pathway, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-dependent macrophages from c-Fos-deficient Sh3bp2KI/KI mice expressed increased amounts of MMP14 compared with wild-type macrophages. Interestingly, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-deficient Sh3bp2KI/KI mice failed to show notable bone erosion, whereas c-Fos deletion did restore bone erosion to the RANKL-deficient Sh3bp2KI/KI mice, suggesting that osteolytic transformation of macrophages requires both loss-of-function of c-Fos and gain-of-function of SH3BP2 in this model. These data provide the first genetic evidence that cells other than osteoclasts can cause focal bone destruction in inflammatory bone disease and suggest that MMP14 is a key mediator conferring pathological bone-resorbing capacity on c-Fos-deficient Sh3bp2KI/KI macrophages. In summary, the paradigm that osteoclasts are the exclusive cells executing inflammatory bone destruction may need to be reevaluated based on our findings with c-Fos-deficient cherubism mice lacking osteoclasts. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hypercalcemic Disorders in Children
Authors: Stokes Victoria J , Nielsen Morten F , Hannan Fadil M , Thakker Rajesh V 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Hypercalcemia is defined as a serum calcium concentration that is greater than two standard deviations above the normal mean, which in children may vary with age and sex, reflecting changes in the normal physiology at each developmental stage. Hypercalcemic disorders in children may present with hypotonia, poor feeding, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, lethargy, polyuria, dehydration, failure to thrive, and seizures. In severe cases renal failure, pancreatitis and reduced consciousness may also occur and older children and adolescents may present with psychiatric symptoms. The causes of hypercalcemia in children can be classified as parathyroid hormone (PTH)-dependent or PTH-independent, and may be congenital or acquired. PTH-independent hypercalcemia, ie, hypercalcemia associated with a suppressed PTH, is commoner in children than PTH-dependent hypercalcemia. Acquired causes of PTH-independent hypercalcemia in children include hypervitaminosis; granulomatous disorders, and endocrinopathies. Congenital syndromes associated with PTH-independent hypercalcemia include idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH), William's syndrome, and inborn errors of metabolism. PTH-dependent hypercalcemia is usually caused by parathyroid tumors, which may give rise to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) or tertiary hyperparathyroidism, which usually arises in association with chronic renal failure and in the treatment of hypophosphatemic rickets. Acquired causes of PTH-dependent hypercalcemia in neonates include maternal hypocalcemia and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. PHPT usually occurs as an isolated nonsyndromic and nonhereditary endocrinopathy, but may also occur as a hereditary hypercalcemic disorder such as familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism, and familial isolated primary hyperparathyroidism, and less commonly, as part of inherited complex syndromic disorders such as multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN). Advances in identifying the genetic causes have resulted in increased understanding of the underlying biological pathways and improvements in diagnosis. The management of symptomatic hypercalcemia includes interventions such as fluids, antiresorptive medications, and parathyroid surgery. This article presents a clinical, biochemical, and genetic approach to investigating the causes of pediatric hypercalcemia. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Optimization of protein recovery from bovine lung by pH shift process using response surface methodology
Authors: Lynch Sarah A , Álvarez Carlos , O'Neill Eileen E , Keenan Derek F , Mullen Anne Maria 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDResponse surface methodology (RSM) was used in a sequential manner to optimize solubilization and precipitation conditions in the recovery of protein from bovine lung using pH shift.RESULTSSeparate D‐optimal designs were employed for protein solubilization and precipitation. Independent variables investigated for protein solubilization were time (10–120 min), temperature (4–20 °C), pH (8.0–11.0) and solvent/sample ratio (2.5–10). Variables for protein precipitation were time (0–60 min) and pH (4.25–6.00). Soluble protein yields ranged from 323 to 649 g kg−1 and the quadratic model for protein solubilization revealed a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.9958. Optimal conditions for maximum protein solubility were extraction time 140 min, temperature 19 °C, pH 10.8 and solvent/sample ratio 13.02. Protein precipitation yields varied from 407 to 667 g kg−1, giving a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.9335. Optimal conditions for maximum protein precipitation were pH 5.03 and 60 min. Based on the RSM model, solubilization conditions were manipulated to maximize protein solubilization under reduced water and alkaline usage. These conditions were also validated.CONCLUSIONModels for solubilization and precipitation using bovine and porcine lung were validated; predicted and actual yields were in good agreement, showing cross‐species applicability of the results. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The Incredible Additive Manufacturing Creates Movement
Authors: Hanreich Klaus 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAt first glance, additive manufacturing seems to be a very simple manufacturing process. Nevertheless, many companies are not happy with their adaption of this new technology or are even overburdened by it. Often, we have to undisputedly agree with these companies. However, we can change their opinions straight away. The fascinating metal 3D printing nowadays even manages to print moving objects without needing assembly afterwards. Even though it seems hard to believe, it surely is possible with suitable handling and application. But has that always been this way?
Determining RUSLE P‐ and C‐factors for stone bunds and trenches in rangeland and cropland, North Ethiopia
Authors: Taye Gebeyehu , Vanmaercke Matthias , Poesen Jean , Van Wesemael Bas , Tesfaye Samuale , Teka Daniel , Nyssen Jan , Deckers Jozef , Haregeweyn Nigussie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe implementation of soil and water conservation (SWC) measures in the Ethiopian Highlands is a top priority to reduce soil erosion rates. However, the effectiveness of these measures for different hillslope gradients and land use conditions remains poorly understood. This study addresses this knowledge gap by determining support practice (P) and cover‐management (C) factors of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation for commonly used SWC structures in semi‐arid environments. The factor values were calculated on the basis of soil loss data collected with 21 large runoff plots installed in rangeland and cropland sites. The P‐ and C‐factors were calculated following the recommended procedures. Results show P‐factors ranging from 0.32 to 0.74 for stone bunds, from 0.07 to 0.65 for trenches, and from 0.03 to 0.22 for stone bunds with trenches. Reduced storage capacities due to sediment deposition resulted in significant declines of the effectiveness of SWC structures over time. For example, the average P‐factor value for trenches increased from 0.1 in the first year after installation to 0.51 after 3 years. C‐factor values ranged from 0.23 to 0.82 in rangeland and from 0.03 to 0.35 in cropland. For rangeland, this large variability is due to vegetation cover changes caused by grazing. In cropland, C‐factors vary with crop types and tillage practices. The results of this study not only aid in modelling and quantifying the short‐term impacts of SWC structures on soil erosion rates but also highlight the importance of considering temporal variations of the effectiveness of SWC measures.
Match of psychosocial risk and psychosocial care in families of a child with cancer
Authors: Sint Nicolaas S.M. , Schepers S.A. , van den Bergh E.M.M. , de Boer Y. , Streng I. , van Dijk‐Lokkart E.M. , Grootenhuis M.A. , Verhaak C.M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) was developed to screen for psychosocial risk, aimed to be supportive in directing psychosocial care to families of a child with cancer. This study aimed to determine (i) the match between PAT risk score and provided psychosocial care with healthcare professionals blind to outcome of PAT assessment, and (ii) the match between PAT risk score and team risk estimation.MethodsEighty‐three families of children with cancer from four pediatric oncology centers in the Netherlands participated (59% response rate). The PAT and team risk estimation was assessed at diagnosis (M = 40.2 days, SD = 14.1 days), and the content of provided psychosocial care in the 5‐month period thereafter resulting in basic or specialized care.ResultsAccording to the PAT, 65% of families were defined as having low (universal), 30% medium (targeted), and 5% high (clinical) risk for developing psychosocial problems. Thirty percent of patients from universal group got basic psychosocial care, 63% got specialized care, and 7% did not get any care. Fourteen percent of the families at risk got basic care, 86% got specialized care. Team risk estimations and PAT risk scores matched with 58% of the families.ConclusionsThis study showed that families at risk, based on standardized risk assessment with the PAT, received more specialized care than families without risk. However, still 14% of the families with high risks only received basic care, and 63% of the families with standard risk got specialized care. Standardized risk assessment can be used as part of comprehensive care delivery, complementing the team.
Structural basis for binding and transfer of heme in bacterial heme‐acquisition systems
Authors: Naoe Youichi , Nakamura Nozomi , Rahman Md. Mahfuzur , Tosha Takehiko , Nagatoishi Satoru , Tsumoto Kouhei , Shiro Yoshitsugu , Sugimoto Hiroshi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPeriplasmic heme‐binding proteins (PBPs) in Gram‐negative bacteria are components of the heme acquisition system. These proteins shuttle heme across the periplasmic space from outer membrane receptors to ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) heme importers located in the inner‐membrane. In the present study, we characterized the structures of PBPs found in the pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia (BhuT) and in the thermophile Roseiflexus sp. RS‐1 (RhuT) in the heme‐free and heme‐bound forms. The conserved motif, in which a well‐conserved Tyr interacts with the nearby Arg coordinates on heme iron, was observed in both PBPs. The heme was recognized by its surroundings in a variety of manners including hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds, which was confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry. Furthermore, this study of 3 forms of BhuT allowed the first structural comparison and showed that the heme‐binding cleft of BhuT adopts an “open” state in the heme‐free and 2‐heme‐bound forms, and a “closed” state in the one‐heme‐bound form with unique conformational changes. Such a conformational change might adjust the interaction of the heme(s) with the residues in PBP and facilitate the transfer of the heme into the translocation channel of the importer.
Population Responses of the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) to Land Use Changes in the Agricultural Landscapes of Ohio, USA
Authors: Smith Olivia M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractConversion of natural land cover to agriculture is one of the primary threats to biodiversity worldwide. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and woodlot edge enhancement are two tools used in the United States to provide habitat to wildlife that otherwise have little usable space in intensively agricultural landscapes. CRP provides payments to agricultural producers to replant environmentally sensitive cropland, marginal pasture land, or grassland to conservation practices. The northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) is a rapidly declining bird associated with farmland habitat and is often managed for using CRP and woodlot edge enhancement. I studied bobwhites from 2008 to 2010 and 2012–2014 in Brown and Highland Counties, Ohio to document the effects of loss of CRP contracts and addition of woodlot edge enhancement on the rate of change in bobwhite abundance using whistle count surveys. CRP was a strong predictor of bobwhite abundance while woodlot edge enhancement had low predictive power when accounting for loss of CRP. From these results, I tentatively conclude loss of CRP may have significant impacts on this imperiled species, and addition of CRP should be targeted by conservation agencies over woodlot edge enhancement.
Adulteration and Presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Extra Virgin Olive Oil Sold on the Brazilian Market
Authors: Tfouni Silvia Amelia Verdiani , Reis Raquel Magalhães , Amaro Natani de Paula Lima , Pascoal Camila Regina , de Camargo Mônica Cristiane Rojo , Baggio Sueli Regina , Rauen‐Miguel Ana Maria , Furlani Regina Prado Zanes 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeventy samples sold in the Brazilian market as extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) were evaluated for the presence of the 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) classified as carcinogenic and genotoxic by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), to verify if the products were adulterated and to evaluate if there is a correlation between PAH presence and adulteration. PAH were detected in 93% of the samples, with summed levels varying from not detected to 41.10 μg/kg. Five samples showed BaP concentration above acceptable levels set by European legislation and by Brazilian regulation (2.0 μg/kg) and 7 presented PAH4 levels above the limit set by European legislation (10.0 µg/kg). The levels of fatty acid composition, sterols content, stigmastadiene and specific extinction did not comply with both Brazilian and International Olive Council (IOC) standards in 18, 31, 30 and 21% of the samples, respectively. The tolerance levels for these analyses in the Brazilian standards are 55.0–83.0 g/100 g (oleic acid), 3.5–21.0 g/100 g (linoleic acid), ≤0.05 g/100 g (trans‐oleic acid), ≤0.05 g/100 g (trans‐linoleic +trans‐linolenic acid), ≤0.15 mg/kg (stigmastadiene), ≤2.50 (K232), ≤0.22 (K270), ≤0.01 (∆K), 1000–1600 mg/kg (Σ sterols). Results indicate that 19 samples were adulterated. According to principal component analysis, samples were distinguished as: (1) EVOO with addition of vegetable oil from another source, (2) EVOO with addition of refined oil and (3) samples possibly not adulterated. The variable ΣPAH was related mainly to samples of EVOO with addition of vegetable oil from another source.
Contact distribution in a thinned Boolean model with power-law radii
Authors: Dong Yinghua , Samorodnitsky Gennady 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We consider a weighted stationary spherical Boolean model in ℝd to which a Matérn-type thinning is applied. Assuming that the radii of the balls in the Boolean model have regularly varying tails, we establish the asymptotic behavior of the tail of the contact distribution of the thinned germ–grain model under four different thinning procedures of the original model.
The Gini index of random trees with an application to caterpillars
Authors: Balaji Hrishikesh , Mahmoud Hosam 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We propose two distance-based topological indices (level index and Gini index) as measures of disparity within a single tree and within tree classes. The level index and the Gini index of a single tree are measures of balance within the tree. On the other hand, the Gini index for a class of random trees can be used as a comparative measure of balance between tree classes. We establish a general expression for the level index of a tree. We compute the Gini index for two random classes of caterpillar trees and see that a random multinomial model of trees with finite height has a countable number of limits in [0, ⅓], whereas a model with independent level numbers fills the spectrum (0, ⅓].
Improved availability bounds for binary and multistate monotone systems with independent component processes
Authors: Gåsemyr Jørund , Natvig Bent 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Multistate monotone systems are used to describe technological or biological systems when the system itself and its components can perform at different operationally meaningful levels. This generalizes the binary monotone systems used in standard reliability theory. In this paper we consider the availabilities of the system in an interval, i.e. the probabilities that the system performs above the different levels throughout the whole interval. In complex systems it is often impossible to calculate these availabilities exactly, but if the component performance processes are independent, it is possible to construct lower bounds based on the component availabilities to the different levels over the interval. In this paper we show that by treating the component availabilities over the interval as if they were availabilities at a single time point, we obtain an improved lower bound. Unlike previously given bounds, the new bound does not require the identification of all minimal path or cut vectors.
Almost stochastic dominance under inconsistent utility and loss functions
Authors: Luo Chunling , He Zhou , Tan Chin Hon 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Current literature on stochastic dominance assumes utility/loss functions to be the same across random variables. However, decision models with inconsistent utility functions have been proposed in the literature. The use of inconsistent loss functions when comparing between two random variables can also be appropriate under other problem settings. In this paper we generalize almost stochastic dominance to problems with inconsistent utility/loss functions. In particular, we propose a set of conditions that is necessary and sufficient for clear preferences when the utility/loss functions are allowed to vary across different random variables.
On generalized max-linear models in max-stable random fields
Authors: Falk Michael , Zott Maximilian 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In practice, it is not possible to observe a whole max-stable random field. Therefore, we propose a method to reconstruct a max-stable random field in C([0, 1]k) by interpolating its realizations at finitely many points. The resulting interpolating process is again a max-stable random field. This approach uses a generalized max-linear model. Promising results have been established in the k = 1 case of Falk et al. (2015). However, the extension to higher dimensions is not straightforward since we lose the natural order of the index space.
Absolute continuity of distributions of one-dimensional Lévy processes
Authors: Chang Tongkeun 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this paper we study the existence of Lebesgue densities of one-dimensional Lévy processes. Equivalently, we show the absolute continuity of the distributions of one-dimensional Lévy processes. Compared with the previous literature, we consider Lévy processes with Lévy symbols of a logarithmic behavior at ∞.