bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the Response of Caenorhabditis elegans to Simulated Microgravity by p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling
Authors: Li Wenjie , Wang Daoyong , Wang Dayong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe in vivo function of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in regulating the response to simulated microgravity is still largely unclear. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as an assay system, we investigated the in vivo function of p38 MAPK signaling in regulating the response of animals to simulated microgravity and the underlying molecular mechanism. Simulated microgravity treatment significantly increased the transcriptional expressions of genes (pmk-1, sek-1, and nsy-1) encoding core p38 MAPK signaling pathway and the expression of phosphorylated PMK-1/p38 MAPK. The pmk-1, sek-1, or nsy-1 mutant was susceptible to adverse effects of simulated microgravity. The intestine-specific activity of PMK-1 was required for its function in regulating the response to simulated microgravity, and the entire p38 MAPK signaling pathway could act in the intestine to regulate the response to simulated microgravity. In the intestine, SKN-1 and ATF-7, two transcriptional factors, were identified as downstream targets for PMK-1 in regulating the response to simulated microgravity. Therefore, the activation of p38 MAPK signaling may mediate a protection mechanism for nematodes against the adverse effects of simulated microgravity. Additionally, our results highlight the potential crucial role of intestinal cells in response to simulated microgravity in nematodes.
Brain–Computer Interfaces for Augmentative and Alternative Communication: A Tutorial
Authors: Brumberg Jonathan S. , Pitt Kevin M. , Mantie-Kozlowski Alana , Burnison Jeremy D. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to improve communication for people who require but are unable to use traditional augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. As BCIs move toward clinical practice, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) will need to consider their appropriateness for AAC intervention.

Method
This tutorial provides a background on BCI approaches to provide AAC specialists foundational knowledge necessary for clinical application of BCI. Tutorial descriptions were generated based on a literature review of BCIs for restoring communication.

Results
The tutorial responses directly address 4 major areas of interest for SLPs who specialize in AAC: (a) the current state of BCI with emphasis on SLP scope of practice (including the subareas: the way in which individuals access AAC with BCI, the efficacy of BCI for AAC, and the effects of fatigue), (b) populations for whom BCI is best suited, (c) the future of BCI as an addition to AAC access strategies, and (d) limitations of BCI.

Conclusion
Current BCIs have been designed as access methods for AAC rather than a replacement; therefore, SLPs can use existing knowledge in AAC as a starting point for clinical application. Additional training is recommended to stay updated with rapid advances in BCI.
Upgrade of the ATLAS Hadronic Tile Calorimeter for the High Luminosity LHC
Authors: Tortajada Ignacio Asensi 
Published: January 2018

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has envisaged a series of upgrades towards a High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) delivering five times the LHC nominal instantaneous luminosity. The ATLAS Phase II upgrade, in 2024, will accommodate the upgrade of the detector and data acquisition system for the HL-LHC. The Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) will undergo a major replacement of its on- and off-detector electronics. In the new architecture, all signals will be digitized and then transferred directly to the off-detector electronics, where the signals will be reconstructed, stored, and sent to the first level of trigger at the rate of 40 MHz. This will provide better precision of the calorimeter signals used by the trigger system and will allow the development of more complex trigger algorithms. Changes to the electronics will also contribute to the reliability and redundancy of the system.
Three different front-end options are presently being investigated for the upgrade, two of them based on ASICs, and a final solution will be chosen after extensive laboratory and test beam studies that are in progress. A hybrid demonstrator module is being developed using the new electronics while conserving compatibility with the current system. The status of the developments will be presented, including results from the several tests with particle beams.
The Use of 3D Printing in the Development of Gaseous Radiation Detectors
Authors: Fargher Sam , Steer Chris , Thompson Lee 
Published: January 2018

Fused Deposition Modelling has been used to produce a small, single wire, Iarocci-style drift tube to demonstrate the feasibility of using the Additive Manufacturing technique to produce cheap detectors, quickly. Recent technological developments have extended the scope of Additive Manufacturing, or 3D printing, to the possibility of fabricating Gaseous Radiation Detectors, such as Single Wire Proportional Counters and Time Projection Chambers. 3D printing could allow for the production of customisable, modular detectors; that can be easily created and replaced and the possibility of printing detectors on-site in remote locations and even for outreach within schools.
The 3D printed drift tube was printed using Polylactic acid to produce a gas volume in the shape of an inverted triangular prism; base length of 28 mm, height 24.25 mm and tube length 145 mm. A stainless steel anode wire was placed in the centre of the tube, mid-print. P5 gas (95% Argon, 5% Methane) was used as the drift gas and a circuit was built to capacitively decouple signals from the high voltage. The signal rate and average pulse height of cosmic ray muons were measured over a range of bias voltages to characterise and prove correct operation of the printed detector.
High temperature ultrasonic sensor for fission gas characterization in MTR harsh environment
Authors: Gatsa O. , Combette P. , Rozenkrantz E. , Fourmentel D. , Destouches C. , Ferrandis J.Y. 
Published: January 2018

In the contemporary world, the measurements in hostile environment is one of the predominant necessity for automotive, aerospace, metallurgy and nuclear plant. The measurement of different parameters in experimental reactors is an important point in nuclear power strategy. In the near past, IES (Institut d’Électronique et des Systèmes) on collaboration with CEA (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives) have developed the first ultrasonic sensor for the application of gas quantity determination that has been tested in a Materials Testing Reactor (MTR). Modern requirements state to labor with the materials that possess stability on its parameters around 350°C in operation temperature. Previous work on PZT components elaboration by screen printing method established the new basis in thick film fabrication and characterization in our laboratory. Our trials on Bismuth Titanate ceramics showed the difficulties related to high electrical conductivity of fabricated samples that postponed further research on this material. Among piezoceramics, the requirements on finding an alternative solution on ceramics that might be easily polarized and fabricated by screen printing approach were resolved by the fabrication of thick film from Sodium Bismuth Titanate (NBT) piezoelectric powder. This material exhibits high Curie temperature, relatively good piezoelectric and coupling coefficients, and it stands to be a good solution for the anticipated application.
In this paper, we present NBT thick film fabrication by screen printing, characterization of piezoelectric, dielectric properties and material parameters studies in dependence of temperature. Relatively high resistivity in the range of 1.1013 Ohm.cm for fabricated thick film is explained by Aurivillius structure in which a-and b-layers form perovskite structure between oxides of c-layer. Main results of this study are presented and discussed in terms of feasibility for an application to a new sensor device operating at high temperature level (400°). Piezoelectric parameters enhancement and loss reduction at elevated temperatures are envisaged to be optimized. Further sensor development and test in MTR are expected to be realized in the near future.
Tests and foreseen developments of fibered-OSLD gamma heating measurements in low-power reactors
Authors: Gruel A. , Guillou M. Le , Blaise P. , Destouches C. , Magne S. 
Published: January 2018

In this paper are presented test measurements of a fibered-OSLD system performed during a dedicated experimental phase in EOLE zero-power reactor. The measurement setup consists of an OSLD crystal connected onto the extremity of an optical fiber and a laser stimulation system, manufactured by the CEA/LIST in Saclay. The OSL sensor is remotely stimulated via an optical fiber using a diode-pumped solid-state laser. The OSL light is collected and guided back along the same fiber to a photomultiplier tube. Results obtained using this system are compared to usual gamma heating measurement protocol using OSLD pellets. The presence of induced radio-luminescence in the OSLD during the irradiation was also observed and could be used to monitor the gamma flux.
The feasibility of remote measurements is achieved, whereas further developments could be conducted to improve this technique since the readout procedure still requires to withdraw the OSLD off the gamma flux (hence from the core) on account of the dose rate (around a few Gy.h-1), and the readout time remains quite long for on-line applications. Several improvements are foreseen, and will be tested in the forthcoming years.
Study of the linearity of CABRI experimental ionization chambers during RIA transients
Authors: Lecerf J. , Garnier Y. , Hudelot JP. , Duc B. , Pantera L. 
Published: January 2018

CABRI is an experimental pulse reactor operated by CEA at the Cadarache research center and funded by the French Nuclear Safety and Radioprotection Institute (IRSN).
For the purpose of the CABRI International Program (CIP), operated and managed by IRSN under an OECD/NEA framework it has been refurbished since 2003 to be able to provide experiments in prototypical PWR conditions (155 bar, 300 °C) in order to study the fuel behavior under Reactivity Initiated Accident (RIA) conditions.
This paper first reminds the objectives of the power commissioning tests performed on the CABRI facility. The design and location of the neutron detectors monitoring the core power are also presented.
Then it focuses on the different methodologies used to calibrate the detectors and check the consistency and co-linearity of the measurements.
Finally, it presents the methods used to check the linearity of the neutron detectors up to the high power levels (~20 GW) reached during power transients. Some results obtained during the power tests campaign are also presented.
Current Mode Neutron Noise Measurements in the Zero Power Reactor CROCUS
Authors: Pakari O. , Lamirand V. , Perret G. , Braun L. , Frajtag P. , Pautz A. 
Published: January 2018

The present article is an overview of developments and results regarding neutron noise measurements in current mode at the CROCUS zero power facility. Neutron noise measurements offer a non-invasive method to determine kinetic reactor parameters such as the prompt decay constant at criticality α = βeff / λ, the effective delayed neutron fraction βeff, and the mean generation time λ for code validation efforts. At higher detection rates, i.e. above 2×104 cps in the used configuration at 0.1 W, the previously employed pulse charge amplification electronics with BF3 detectors yielded erroneous results due to dead time effects. Future experimental needs call for higher sensitivity in detectors, higher detection rates or higher reactor powers, and thus a generally more versatile measurement system. We, therefore, explored detectors operated with current mode acquisition electronics to accommodate the need. We approached the matter in two ways:
1) By using the two compensated 10B-coated ionization chambers available in CROCUS as operational monitors. The compensated current signal of these chambers was extracted from coremonitoring output channels.
2) By developing a new current mode amplification station to be used with other available detectors in core. Characteristics and first noise measurements of the new current system are presented. We implemented post-processing of the current signals from 1)and 2) with the APSD/CPSD method to determine α. At two critical states (0.5 and 1.5 W), using the 10B ionization chambers and their CPSD estimate, the prompt decay constant was measured after 1.5 hours to be α=(156.9 ± 4.3) s-1 (1σ). This result is within 1σ of statistical uncertainties of previous experiments and MCNPv5-1.6 predictions using the ENDF/B-7.1 library. The newsystem connected to a CFUL01 fission chamber using the APSDestimate at 100 mW after 33 min yielded α = (160.8 ± 6.3) s-1, also within 1σ agreement.
The improvements to previous neutron noise measurementsinclude shorter measurement durations that can achievecomparable statistical uncertainties and measurements at higherdetection rates.
A Systematic Review of Labor Pain Used as an Outcome Criterion in Clinical Research
Authors: Dualé Christian , Breysse Gaétan , Pereira Bruno 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
Research on labor pain currently uses standard scores such as numerical scales as clinical outcomes, but no clear guidelines for such an assessment have appeared since a review published in 1998. We aimed to describe and estimate the quality of the methods used to assess and analyze such outcomes in a systematic review of 215 comparative studies published since then in 27 influential journals.

Methods:
In addition to a complete description, we created for each study a composite “analysis quality score” (AQS) on the basis of the methods of both measurement of pain/analgesia, and statistical analysis. AQS was tested against various factors, including a “design quality score” (DQS), created to estimate methodological quality (regardless of the analysis of pain intensity).

Results:
Both the AQS and its “measurement” component increased with the year of publication, as well as the DQS. The impact factor correlated only with the statistical component of the AQS, and with the DQS. However, the mean AQS and DQS were, respectively, at 43% and 75% of their maximal possible value, and these 2 scores were not correlated. The intensity of labor pain (or pain relief) was the primary outcome in 19% of the studies. Although most of the studies actually used numerical scales, the methods of analysis were heterogeneous. When a cutoff point was determined to define analgesia, this was most often 30% of the maximal value.

Discussion:
This review points out the need for a better standardization of the methods in this field of research.
RECURRENT OPENING AND CLOSURE OF MACULAR HOLE AFTER PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY FOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Ozdemir Ece , Ozdek Sengul 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To report a case of full-thickness macular hole formation and closure twice after pars plana vitrectomy for macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 45-year-old woman with a macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment underwent uncomplicated pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade, which was removed 3 months postoperatively. A full-thickness macular hole developed spontaneously 18 months after silicone oil removal, concurrently with the formation of epiretinal membrane and perifoveal cystoid changes. The hole was noted to close spontaneously within 2 months with normal foveal contour formation and improved vision, but then reopened for the second time after 10 months. A second spontaneous closure was observed within 2 months.

Conclusion:
Dynamic course of macular hole formation and resolution in a previously vitrectomized eye may justify a more conservative approach with observation for some time before surgical intervention is favored.
Reducing Ischemic Injury From Indwelling Peripheral Arterial Catheters in a Pediatric Cardiac ICU: A Quality Improvement Initiative*
Authors: Adler Adam C. , Helman Stephanie , Field Cynthia , Stellar Judith J. , Brown Lauren A. , Omensetter Nicole , Costarino Andrew T. , Yuerek Mahsun , Bender Karen S. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
To reduce the number of ischemic arterial catheter injuries in children with congenital or acquired heart disease.

Design:
This is a quality improvement study with pre- and postintervention groups.

Setting:
University-affiliated pediatric cardiac center in a quaternary care freestanding children’s hospital.

Patients:
All patients with an indwelling peripheral arterial catheter placed in the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Cardiac Center associated with an admission to the Cardiac Intensive Cardiac Unit from January 2015 to July 2017 are included. Patients with umbilical arterial catheters were excluded from the cohort. The rate of arterial catheter injury is reported per 1,000 catheter days. The rate of “concerning” arterial catheter assessments is reported as a percentage of catheters per month.

Intervention:
Initial intervention replaced intermittent manual arterial catheter flushing with a continuous arterial catheter infusion system during the delivery of anesthesia. The second intervention implemented a daily arterial catheter safety assessment during cardiac ICU rounds with documentation of the assessment in the cardiac ICU daily attending progress note.

Measurements and Main Results:
Our project included 1,945 arterial catheters encompassing 7,197 catheter days. During the preintervention period, on average, 3.1 patients per month experienced an arterial catheter–related injury compared with 1.9 patients per month following intervention, a reduction of 38.7% (3.1 vs 1.9; p = 0.01). The rate of injury per 1,000 arterial catheter days was reduced from 16.7 pre intervention to 7.52 post intervention, a 55% overall reduction (16.7 vs 7.52; p = 0.0001). The rate of concerning arterial catheter nursing assessment based on our definition was reduced by 18.0% following our intervention cycles (25.5% vs 20.9%; p = 0.001)

Conclusions:
Implementation of a quality improvement initiative and changing local practices reduced arterial catheter–associated harm in children with congenital and acquired heart disease requiring care in a cardiac ICU.
Risk Factors for Healthcare-Associated Infections After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery*
Authors: Hatachi Takeshi , Tachibana Kazuya , Inata Yu , Tominaga Yuji , Hirano Aiko , Kyogoku Miyako , Moon Kazue , Shimizu Yoshiyuki , Isaka Kanako , Takeuchi Muneyuki 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
Healthcare-associated infections after pediatric cardiac surgery are significant causes of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify the risk factors for the occurrence of healthcare-associated infections after pediatric cardiac surgery.

Design:
Retrospective, single-center observational study.

Setting:
PICU at a tertiary children’s hospital.

Patients:
Consecutive pediatric patients less than or equal to 18 years old admitted to the PICU after cardiac surgery, between January 2013 and December 2015.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
All the data were retrospectively collected from the medical records of patients. We assessed the first surgery during a single PICU stay and identified four common healthcare-associated infections, including bloodstream infection, surgical site infection, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection, according to the definitions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Healthcare Safety Network. We assessed the pre-, intra-, and early postoperative potential risk factors for these healthcare-associated infections via multivariable analysis. In total, 526 cardiac surgeries (394 patients) were included. We identified 81 cases of healthcare-associated infections, including, bloodstream infections (n = 30), surgical site infections (n = 30), urinary tract infections (n = 13), and pneumonia (n = 8). In the case of 71 of the surgeries (13.5%), at least one healthcare-associated infection was reported. Multivariable analysis indicated the following risk factors for postoperative healthcare-associated infections: mechanical ventilation greater than or equal to 3 days (odds ratio, 4.81; 95% CI, 1.89–12.8), dopamine use (odds ratio, 3.87; 95% CI, 1.53–10.3), genetic abnormality (odds ratio, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.17–5.45), and delayed sternal closure (odds ratio, 3.78; 95% CI, 1.16–12.8).

Conclusions:
Mechanical ventilation greater than or equal to 3 days, dopamine use, genetic abnormality, and delayed sternal closure were associated with healthcare-associated infections after pediatric cardiac surgery. Since the use of dopamine is an easily modifiable risk factor, and may serve as a potential target to reduce healthcare-associated infections, further studies are needed to establish whether dopamine negatively impacts the development of healthcare-associated infections.
High Amplitude Background Slow Waves in Normal Children Aged 3 to 18 Months: Implications for the Consideration of Hypsarhythmia
Authors: Mytinger John R. , Weber Amanda , Vidaurre Jorge 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To assess for the presence of high amplitude EEG background slow waves in normal young children.

Methods:
One hundred children with normal development ages 3 to 18 months had normal EEGs for spells and did not have seizures or epilepsy. Three electroencephalographers retrospectively reviewed 5 minutes of stable stage II sleep to measure background slow waves for peak-to-peak amplitudes. A standard 10-20 longitudinal bipolar montage was used. Interrater agreement was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results:
Interrater agreement between reviewers in the assessment of recurrent slow wave amplitudes was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.97). Slow wave amplitudes were the highest in the posterior head regions for all patients. We found recurring slow waves of <200 µV, 200 to 299 µV, 300 to 399 µV, 400 to 499 µV, and >500 µV in 17%, 49%, 30%, 3% and 1%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Although hypsarhythmia typically includes high amplitude background slow waves of >200 or >300 µV, we found that 83% and 34% of normal children had recurring posterior background slow waves of >200 or >300 µV, respectively. These data may be useful in the EEG background assessment of young children, for determining the presence or absence of hypsarhythmia, and determining treatment response in children with epileptic spasms.