bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A robust, melting class bulk superhydrophobic material with heat-healing and self-cleaning properties
Authors: Ramakrishna S. , Santhosh Kumar K. S. , Mathew Dona , Reghunadhan Nair C. P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSuperhydrophobic (SH) materials are essential for a myriad of applications such as anti-icing and self-cleaning due to their extreme water repellency. A single, robust material simultaneously possessing melt-coatability, bulk water repellency, self-cleanability, self-healability, self-refreshability and adhesiveness has been remaining an elusive goal. We demonstrate a unique class of melt-processable, bulk SH coating by grafting long alkyl chains on silica nanoparticle surface by a facile one-step method. The well-defined nanomaterial shows SH property in the bulk and is found to heal macro-cracks on gentle heating. It retains wettability characteristics even after abrading with a sand paper. The surface regenerates SH features (due to reversible self-assembly of nano structures) quickly at ambient temperature even after cyclic water impalement, boiling water treatment and multiple finger rubbing tests. It exhibits self-cleaning properties on both fresh and cut surfaces. This kind of coating, hitherto undisclosed, is expected to be a breakthrough in the field of melt-processable SH coatings.
Association of Interleukin-23 receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to Crohn’s disease: A meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Wang-Dong , Xie Qi-Bing , Zhao Yi , Liu Yi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractStudies investigating the association between Interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) gene polymorphisms and Crohn’s disease (CD) report conflicting results. Thus, a meta-analysis was carried out to assess the association between the IL-23R polymorphisms and CD. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify all relevant studies. Pooled odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) was used to estimate the strength of association. Finally, a total of 60 case-control studies in 56 articles, involving 22,820 CD patients and 27,401 healthy controls, were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, a significant association was found between all CD and the rs7517847 polymorphism (OR = 0.699, 95% CI = 0.659 ~ 0.741, P < 0.001). Meta-analysis of the rs11209026, rs1343151, rs10489629 and rs11465804 polymorphisms indicated the same pattern as for rs7517847. Meta-analysis showed an association between the rs10889677A allele and CD (OR = 1.393, 95% CI = 1.328 ~ 1.461, P < 0.001). Similarly, meta-analysis of the rs2201840, rs1004819, rs1495965 and rs11209032 polymorphisms revealed the same pattern as that shown by meta-analysis of rs10889677. Stratification by ethnicity revealed that IL-23R gene polymorphisms were associated with CD in the Caucasian group, but not in Asians. In summary, the meta-analysis suggests a significant association between IL-23R polymorphisms and CD, especially in Caucasians.
The capacity to maintain ion and water homeostasis underlies interspecific variation in Drosophila cold tolerance
Authors: MacMillan Heath A. , Andersen Jonas L. , Davies Shireen A. , Overgaard Johannes 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMany insects, including Drosophila, succumb to the physiological effects of chilling at temperatures well above those causing freezing. Low temperature causes a loss of extracellular ion and water homeostasis in such insects and chill injuries accumulate. Using an integrative and comparative approach, we examined the role of ion and water balance in insect chilling susceptibility/ tolerance. The Malpighian tubules (MT), of chill susceptible Drosophila species lost [Na+] and [K+] selectivity at low temperatures, which contributed to a loss of Na+ and water balance and a deleterious increase in extracellular [K+]. By contrast, the tubules of chill tolerant Drosophila species maintained their MT ion selectivity, maintained stable extracellular ion concentrations and thereby avoided injury. The most tolerant species were able to modulate ion balance while in a cold-induced coma and this ongoing physiological acclimation process allowed some individuals of the tolerant species to recover from chill coma during low temperature exposure. Accordingly, differences in the ability to maintain homeostatic control of water and ion balance at low temperature may explain large parts of the wide intra- and interspecific variation in insect chilling tolerance.
An improved human anxiety process biomarker: characterization of frequency band, personality and pharmacology
Authors: Shadli S M , Glue P , McIntosh J , McNaughton N 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAnxiety disorders are among the most common mental illness in the western world with a major impact on disability. But their diagnosis has lacked objective biomarkers. We previously demonstrated a human anxiety process biomarker, goal-conflict-specific electroencephalography (EEG) rhythmicity (GCSR) in the stop-signal task (SST). Here we have developed and characterized an improved test appropriate for clinical group testing. We modified the SST to produce balanced numbers of trials in clearly separated stop-signal delay groups. As previously, right frontal (F8) GCSR was extracted as the difference in EEG log Fourier power between matching stop and go trials (that is, stop-signal-specific power) of a quadratic contrast of the three delay values (that is, power when stopping and going are in balanced conflict compared with the average of when stopping or going is greater). Separate experiments assessed drug sensitivity (n=34) and personality relations (n=59). GCSR in this new SST was reduced by three chemically distinct anxiolytic drugs (administered double-blind): buspirone (10 mg), triazolam (0.25 mg) and pregabalin (75 mg); had a frequency range (4–12 Hz) consistent with rodent model data; and positively correlated significantly with neuroticism and nonsignificantly with trait anxiety scores. GCSR, measured in our new form of the SST, should be suitable as a biomarker for one specific anxiety process in the testing of clinical groups and novel drugs and in the development of measures suitable for individual diagnosis.
Selective inhibition of PTEN preserves ischaemic post-conditioning cardioprotection in STZ-induced Type 1 diabetic rats: role of the PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways
Authors: Xue Rui , Lei Shaoqing , Xia Zhong-yuan , Wu Yang , Meng Qingtao , Zhan Liying , Su Wating , Liu Huimin , Xu Jinjin , Liu Zhenzhen , Zhou Bin , Xia Zhengyuan 
Published: December 2015

Patients with diabetes are vulnerable to MI/R (myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion) injury, but are not responsive to IPostC (ischaemic post-conditioning) which activates PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt (also known as PKB or protein kinase B) and JAK2 (Janus kinase 2)/STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) pathways to confer cardioprotection. We hypothesized that increased cardiac PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), a major negative regulator of PI3K/Akt, is responsible for the loss of diabetic heart sensitivity to IPostC cardioprotecton. In STZ (streptozotocin)-induced Type 1 diabetic rats subjected to MI/R (30 min coronary occlusion and 120 min reperfusion), the post-ischaemic myocardial infarct size, CK-MB (creatine kinase-MB) and 15-F2t-isoprostane release, as well as cardiac PTEN expression were significantly higher than those in non-diabetic controls, concomitant with more severe cardiac dysfunction and lower cardiac Akt, STAT3 and GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β) phosphorylation. IPostC significantly attenuated post-ischaemic infarct size, decreased PTEN expression and further increased Akt, STAT3 and GSK-3β phosphorylation in non-diabetic, but not in diabetic rats. Application of the PTEN inhibitor BpV (bisperoxovanadium) (1.0 mg/kg) restored IPostC cardioprotection in diabetic rats. HPostC (hypoxic post-conditioning) in combination with PTEN gene knockdown, but not HPostC alone, significantly reduced H/R (hypoxia/reoxygenation) injury in cardiac H9c2 cells exposed to high glucose as was evident from reduced apoptotic cell death and JC-1 monomer in cells, accompanied by increased phosphorylation of Akt, STAT3 and GSK-3β. PTEN inhibition/gene knockdown mediated restoration of IPostC/HPostC cardioprotection was completely reversed by the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, and partially reversed by the JAK2 inhibitor AG490. Increased cardiac PTEN, by impairing PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways, is a major mechanism that rendered diabetic hearts not responsive to post-conditioning cardioprotection.
Frequency preference and attention effects across cortical depths in the human primary auditory cortex
Authors: De Martino Federico , Moerel Michelle , Ugurbil Kamil , Goebel Rainer , Yacoub Essa , Formisano Elia 
Published: December 2015

Significance
To the best of our knowledge, our data provide the first imaging evidence compatible with columnar processing of sound frequency in the human auditory cortex. Our study depicts the human auditory cortex with unprecedented spatial detail and demonstrates the feasibility of acquiring submillimeter functional images outside visual/motor cortices, setting the stage for a wide range of research possibilities. Our results elucidate the role of cortical layers in bottom-up and top-down processing of sounds, and suggest that ongoing behavioral goals shape population-based sound representations especially in superficial layers of A1 columns. These results may inform and improve computational models of auditory cortical processing and may be relevant for understanding neurological conditions that do not yet have an imaging “biomarker” (e.g., tinnitus).
Global divergence of the human follicle mite
Demodex folliculorum
: Persistent associations between host ancestry and mite lineages
Authors: Palopoli Michael F. , Fergus Daniel J. , Minot Samuel , Pei Dorothy T. , Simison W. Brian , Fernandez-Silva Iria , Thoemmes Megan S. , Dunn Robert R. , Trautwein Michelle 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Mites live in human hair follicles and have been implicated in medically important skin disorders, but we know surprisingly little about these residents of our skin. By analyzing the variation segregating among 241 mite sequences isolated from 70 human hosts, we showed that hosts with different regional ancestries harbor distinct lineages of mites and that these associations can persist despite generations spent in a new geographic region. These results suggest that some mite populations are better able to survive and reproduce on hosts from certain geographic regions. Improving our understanding of human follicle mites promises to shed light on human evolution and to provide important contextual information for their role in human health.
Recombination patterns in maize reveal limits to crossover homeostasis
Authors: Sidhu Gaganpreet K. , Fang Celestia , Olson Mischa A. , Falque Matthieu , Martin Olivier C. , Pawlowski Wojciech P. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
During meiosis, chromosomes exchange segments in a process of crossing-over. The crossover number is tightly regulated so that at least one crossover (but not many more) is formed per chromosome. The process of crossover homeostasis is thought to play a major role in this regulation by ensuring a stable crossover number even if the number of DNA breaks that initiate crossover formation varies. However, we found that, in maize, the crossover number changes with the number of DNA breaks, suggesting that different species exhibit different crossover control mechanisms. Plant breeders rely on recombination to create new combinations of alleles. Our data suggest that increasing recombination rates in plants may be accomplished by increasing the number of DNA breaks.
Initiation factor 2 stabilizes the ribosome in a semirotated conformation
Authors: Ling Clarence , Ermolenko Dmitri N. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Translation initiation is a key step for the regulation of protein synthesis. Initiation factors mediate the binding of initiator tRNA and mRNA to the small ribosomal subunit and subsequent binding of the large ribosomal subunit. The molecular mechanism of subunit association is poorly understood. Here, we show that bacterial initiation factor 2 (IF2) positions ribosomal subunits in a distinct rotational orientation during the subunit-joining step of initiation. IF2 also stabilizes the mobile domain of the large subunit named the L1 stalk in a unique conformation. Our studies provide insights into how IF2 promotes the association of ribosomal subunits.
Effect of Nanophyetus salmincola and Bacterial Co-Infection on Mortality of Juvenile Chinook Salmon
Authors: Roon Sean R. , Alexander Julie D. , Jacobson Kym C. , Bartholomew Jerri L. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The freshwater trematode Nanophyetus salmincola has been demonstrated to impair salmonid immune function and resistance to the marine pathogen Vibrio anguillarum, potentially resulting in ocean mortality. We examined whether infection by the parasite N. salmincola similarly increases mortality of juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha when they are exposed to the freshwater pathogens Flavobacterium columnare or Aeromonas salmonicida, two bacteria that juvenile salmonids might encounter during their migration to the marine environment. We used a two-part experimental design where juvenile Chinook Salmon were first infected with N. salmincola through cohabitation with infected freshwater snails, Juga spp., and then challenged with either F. columnare or A. salmonicida. Cumulative percent mortality from F. columnare infection was higher in N. salmincola-parasitized fish than in nonparasitized fish. In contrast, cumulative percent mortality from A. salmonicida infection did not differ between N. salmincola-parasitized and nonparasitized groups. No mortalities were observed in the N. salmincola-parasitized-only and control groups from either challenge. Our study demonstrates that a relatively high mean intensity (&gt;200 metacercariae per posterior kidney) of encysted N. salmincola metacercariae can alter the outcomes of bacterial infection in juvenile Chinook Salmon, which might have implications for disease in wild fish populations.
Received February 24, 2015; accepted September 7, 2015
Antimicrobial activity of hydroxytyrosol: a current controversy
Authors: Medina-Martínez María S , Truchado Pilar , Castro-Ibáñez Irene , Allende Ana 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This study focus on the main factors that affect the antimicrobial capacity of hydroxytyrosol, including the concentration (200, 400, and 1000 μg/mL), target strains, and the culture media (nutrient-rich and less-rich culture media). The potential HT degradation was also evaluated by HPLC-PAD. Kinetic parameters from growth curves showed that HT concentrations produced a doses-dependent shift when compared to the untreated control. In most of the cases, the highest tested dose (1000 μg/mL) was needed to inhibit growth of the selected strains. However, all the strains were able to grow even at the highest HT dose when cultivated in nutrient-rich culture media. It was observed that HT concentrations were reduced by about 15%, except for Escherichia coli 533 and 679 in Muller Hinton broth, where HT was reduced up to 35%. The results showed a limited antimicrobial activity, contrary to information previously published in some research papers.
Report on APMP supplementary comparison: high precision roundness measurement
Authors: Buajarern J , Naoi K , Baker A , Zi X , Tsai C-L , Eom T B , Leng T S , Kruger O 
Published: December 2015

A regional supplementary comparison, APMP.L-S4, was held in 2012 to demonstrate the equivalence of routine calibration services offered by NMIs to clients. Participants in this APMP.L-S4 comparison agreed to apply multi-step method for spidle error separation in order to yield the high precision roundness measurement. Eight laboratories from NMIs participated in this supplementary comparison; NIMT, NMIJ, NMIA, NIM, CMS/ITRI, KRISS, NMC/A*STAR and NMISA.
This report describes the measurement results of 2 glass hemispheres and 2 softgauges. The calibrations of this comparison were carried out by participants during the period from March 2012 to May 2013. The results show that there is a degree of equivalence within 0.8 for all measurands. Hence, there is a close agreement between the measurements.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
COOMET.QM-K93 (COOMET 615/RU/13): key comparison in the field of measuring of the ethanol amount fraction in nitrogen (120 μmol/mol)
Authors: Konopelko L A , Efremova O V , Fatina O V , Orshanskaia A A , Rozhnov M S , Melnyk D M , Petryshyn P V 
Published: December 2015

The relevance of the COOMET.QM-K93 comparison is founded on paying particular attention to reliability of measurements which are performed during the medical examination of drivers of vehicles in order to assess the degree of alcoholic intoxication. Standard gas mixtures of ethanol in nitrogen in cylinders under pressure play a key role in providing metrological assurance of breath-alcohol analyzers. Participating laboratories: VNIIM and Ukrmetrteststandart. This comparison was carried out in 2014-2015. This supplementary comparison supports CMC claims for: ethanol in the range 50–500 μmol/mol in a matrix of either nitrogen or synthetic air.
Results:
The results are consistent with the reference values.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Microfinance
Authors: Sabin Nicholas 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFinancial access for poor and low-income clients has expanded dramatically over the last four decades. This chapter provides an overview of the microfinance landscape and highlights key debates within the field. The market structure is shifting, with organizations increasingly accessing commercial funding. Some geographic markets have overheated, producing substantial criticism. Recent impact evaluations are raising questions about what microfinance actually can and should attempt to achieve. Even the basic offering is being rethought in terms of products and services that may better suit the needs of the poor. This changing landscape is placed in its historical context, noting key predecessors and how the microfinance movement began and grew to its present form. Contrasting perspectives are structured around three ongoing debates: the critical features of modern microfinance, the appropriate role of commercialization, and the assessment of microfinance’s impact. The chapter concludes with implications for the broader field of social finance.
Negatives
Authors: Bauer Laurie , Lieber Rochelle , Plag Ingo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This chapter examines affixal negation in English. A broad definition of negation is used here, including along with standard negatives (‘not X’) also privatives (‘without X’ or ‘remove X from’), reversatives (‘reverse action of verbing’), and verbal pejoratives (‘do X wrongly, badly’). The affixes examined are in-, un-, non-, a-, dis-, de-, -less, mis-, and mal-. The chapter considers the extent to which these affixes are semantically distinct, and discusses claims in past literature that negative affixes avoid attaching to already negative bases. The compositionality of the different kinds of negative interpretations is also discussed.
Compounds: semantic considerations
Authors: Bauer Laurie , Lieber Rochelle , Plag Ingo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This chapter first establishes some general semantic characteristics of English compounds and provides a justification of the terminology needed for an in-depth discussion. A basic distinction is introduced between argumental and non-argumental compounds. The semantic properties of both endocentric and exocentric exemplars are investigated. In addition, the semantics of both blends and neoclassical compounds are examined and the extent to which their semantic properties are similar to those of other compounds is considered. Finally the chapter looks at the semantic properties of several marginal or disputed compounding patterns, including compounds with verbs as their second elements (henpeck), phrasal compounds (over-the fence gossip), and reduplicative compounds (friend friend).
Schrödinger equation on a lattice
Authors: Manousakis Efstratios 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This chapter begins by studying the one-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. In order to do this the chapter discretizes the spatial coordinates, and thus the differential equation becomes a set of coupled difference equations first order in time. Dealing with a finite number or a numerable set of states makes it easier to understand the concepts of Hilbert space, its measure, and the overlap between states. Furthermore, the chapter only has to deal with the Kronecker symbol as opposed to the Dirac delta function. Later, in Chapter 3, it will consider the continuum limit where we will naturally recover the Schrödinger differential equation, the state normalization condition as an integration condition, and the delta function.
Molecules
Authors: Manousakis Efstratios 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This chapter discusses some elementary molecular physics. Its goal is to understand the reason why neutral atoms form aggregates, that is, molecules, solids, and the matter which we see around us. The answer that it is simply because of the dipole–dipole attraction is not correct. In the case of the hydrogen molecule, for example, the size of its binding energy is orders of magnitude larger than the size of the dipole–dipole attraction between two isolated hydrogen atoms. In fact, in the hydrogen molecule, the two electrons are shared by both nuclei, so the integrity of each atom is completely lost in the molecule. The chapter analyzes within the Born–Oppenheimer approximation the H2+ ion. The chapter introduces the idea of hybridization, the tight-binding approximation, and the meaning of electron correlations in the hydrogen molecule which we treat within the Hubbard model.
Negation
Authors: Pinkster Harm 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A first distinction is made between semantic negation and pragmatic negation. Semantic negation is achieved by negators, by adverbs, by negative subordinators, by zero quantifiers, or by negative verbs. A second distinction is that between clause negation and local negation (of individual words or phrases). Latin uses different negation adverbs for imperative and other sentence types. The individual negation adverbs and subordinators are discussed separately. Additional sections are devoted to coordination of negative clauses and to the occurrence of multiple negators in the same clause. The co-occurence of negators may either entail annihilation of the negation or lead to reinforced negation. The best example of pragmatic negation is rhetorical questions.