bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemistry, mineralogy, and grain properties at Namib and High dunes, Bagnold dune field, Gale crater, Mars: A synthesis of Curiosity rover observations
Authors: Ehlmann B. L. , Edgett K. S. , Sutter B. , Achilles C. N. , Litvak M. L. , Lapotre M. G. A. , Sullivan R. , Fraeman A. A. , Arvidson R. E. , Blake D. F. , Bridges N. T. , Conrad P. G. , Cousin A. , Downs R. T. , Gabriel T. S. J. , Gellert R. , Hamilton V. E. , Hardgrove C. , Johnson J. R. , Kuhn S. , Mahaffy P. R. , Maurice S. , McHenry M. , Meslin P.‐Y. , Ming D. W. , Minitti M. E. , Morookian J. M. , Morris R. V. , O'Connell‐Cooper C. D. , Pinet P. C. , Rowland S. K. , Schröder S. , Siebach K. L. , Stein N. T. , Thompson L. M. , Vaniman D. T. , Vasavada A. R. , Wellington D. F. , Wiens R. C. , Yen A. S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover performed coordinated measurements to examine the textures and compositions of aeolian sands in the active Bagnold dune field. The Bagnold sands are rounded to subrounded, very fine to medium sized (~45–500 μm) with ≥6 distinct grain colors. In contrast to sands examined by Curiosity in a dust‐covered, inactive bedform called Rocknest and soils at other landing sites, Bagnold sands are darker, less red, better sorted, have fewer silt‐sized or smaller grains, and show no evidence for cohesion. Nevertheless, Bagnold mineralogy and Rocknest mineralogy are similar with plagioclase, olivine, and pyroxenes in similar proportions comprising >90% of crystalline phases, along with a substantial amorphous component (35% ± 15%). Yet Bagnold and Rocknest bulk chemistry differ. Bagnold sands are Si enriched relative to other soils at Gale crater, and H2O, S, and Cl are lower relative to all previously measured Martian soils and most Gale crater rocks. Mg, Ni, Fe, and Mn are enriched in the coarse‐sieved fraction of Bagnold sands, corroborated by visible/near‐infrared spectra that suggest enrichment of olivine. Collectively, patterns in major element chemistry and volatile release data indicate two distinctive volatile reservoirs in Martian soils: (1) amorphous components in the sand‐sized fraction (represented by Bagnold) that are Si‐enriched, hydroxylated alteration products and/or H2O‐ or OH‐bearing impact or volcanic glasses and (2) amorphous components in the fine fraction (<40 μm; represented by Rocknest and other bright soils) that are Fe, S, and Cl enriched with low Si and adsorbed and structural H2O.
Impact of space weather on the satellite industry
Authors: Green J. C. , Likar J. , Shprits Yuri 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper describes space weather impacts to the satellite infrastructure as perceived by satellite industry stakeholders. The information was gathered through in‐person and remote meetings with both satellite operators and manufacturers. The paper describes current impacts, industry processes for managing and mitigating impacts, costs, and industry needs and requirements. Lastly, we suggest potential improvements and solutions to problem areas based on our observation of the industry processes including (1) improved tools for quick anomaly attribution, (2) training, and (3) coordinated information sharing.
Base‐Promoted Tandem Reaction towards Conjugated Dienone or Chromone Derivatives with a Cyano Group: Insertion of Alkynes into C–C σ‐Bonds of 3‐Oxopropanenitriles
Authors: Yao Qiyi , Kong Lingkai , Zhang Fangfang , Tao Xianghua , Li Yanzhong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBase‐promoted insertion reactions of alkynes into the C–C σ‐bonds of α‐cyano ketones were established to construct highly functionalized conjugated olefins or chromone derivatives via transition metal‐free tandem reactions. These reactions are initialized through the nucleophilic attack of α‐cyano ketones to alkynones followed by intramolecular nucleophilic addition/ring‐opening to furnish the cyano‐containing alkenes. In the cases of alkynones bearing an ortho‐halide‐substituted aryl ring, a further C–O bond coupling reaction occurs to afford chromone derivatives in good to high yields. Various alkynones bearing alkyl or aryl substituents were compatible in the reaction. This reaction has the potential to become a general synthetic protocol for the preparation of cyano‐substituted olefins and chromones due to the abundance of easily accessible starting materials possessing diverse substituent groups.magnified image
Progress in Developing Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Yi , Niu Shuwen , Han Dongdong , Liu Tianyu , Wang Gongming , Li Yat 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting represents an environmentally friendly and sustainable method to obtain hydrogen fuel. Semiconductor materials as the central components in PEC water splitting cells have decisive influences on the device's solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency. Among semiconductors, metal oxides have received a lot of attention due to their outstanding (photo)‐electrochemical stability, low cost, favorable band edge positions and wide distribution of bandgaps. In the past decades, significant processes have been made in developing metal oxide nanomaterials for PEC water splitting. In this review, the recent progress using metal oxides as photoelectrodes and co‐catalysts for PEC water splitting is summarized. Their performance, limitations and potentials are also discussed. Last, the key challenges and opportunities in the development and implementation of metal oxide nanomaterials for PEC water splitting are discussed.
Spatial Charge Storage within Honeycomb‐Carbon Frameworks for Ultrafast Supercapacitors with High Energy and Power Densities
Authors: Sheng Lizhi , Jiang Lili , Wei Tong , Liu Zheng , Fan Zhuangjun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCarbon‐based supercapacitors store charge through the adsorption of electrolyte ions onto the carbon surface. Therefore, it would be more attractive for the enhanced charge storage if the locations for storing charge can be extended from carbon surface to space. Here, a novel spatial charge storage mechanism based on counterion effect from Fe(CN)63− ions bridged by oxygen groups and confined into honeycomb‐carbon frameworks is presented, which can provide additionally spatial charge storage for electrical double‐layer capacitances in a negative potential region and pseudocapacitances from Fe(CN)63−/Fe(CN)64− in a positive potential region. More importantly, an ultrafast supercapacitor based on this novelty carbon can be charged/discharged within 0.7 s to deliver both high specific energy of 15 W h kg−1 and ultrahigh specific power of 79.1 kW kg−1 in 1 m Na2SO4 electrolyte, much higher than those of previously reported asymmetric supercapacitors in aqueous electrolytes, as well as excellent cycling stability. These features suggest a new generation of ultrafast asymmetric supercapacitors as novel high‐performance energy storage devices.
Robust Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Catalyst‐Poisoning ortho‐Sulfanyl Aryl Halides with Tetraarylborates and Its Application to Synthesis of π‐Extended Dibenzothiophenes
Authors: Vasu Dhananjayan , Hausmann Jan Niklas , Saito Hayate , Yanagi Tomoyuki , Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBis(tri‐tert‐butylphosphine)palladium‐catalyzed arylation of ortho‐sulfanyl aryl halides with sodium tetraarylborates proceeds smoothly without any additional bases in high yields, providing a reliable route to 2‐sulfanylbiaryls. The conditions are applicable to aryl chloride and iodide as well as bromides. A variety of functional groups were tolerated. This arylation protocol offers a practical solution to overcome the poisoning behavior of aryl sulfides in such cross‐coupling arylation. In addition, our strategy provides a short and efficient access to dibenzothiophenes in combination with a Pummerer‐type cyclization.
Enge molekulare Erkennung von Benzo[a]pyren durch einen hochaffinen Antikörper
Authors: Eichinger Andreas , Neumaier Irmgard , Pschenitza Michael , Niessner Reinhard , Knopp Dietmar , Skerra Arne 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBenzo[a]pyren entsteht bei der unvollständigen Verbrennung von organischem Material und ist wegen seiner karzinogenen metabolischen Abbauprodukte ein verbreiteter Umweltgiftstoff. Der hochaffine (KD≈3 nm) monoklonale Antikörper 22F12 ermöglicht die einfache bioanalytische Quantifizierung von Benzo[a]pyren auch in komplexer Matrix. Hier wird über dessen funktionelle und röntgenkristallographische Analyse im Komplex mit 3‐Hydroxybenzo[a]pyren nach Klonierung der V‐Gene und Produktion als rekombinantes Fab‐Fragment berichtet. Der polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoff wird in einer tiefen Tasche zwischen leichter und schwerer Kette gebunden, wo er hauptsächlich von aromatischen und aliphatischen Aminosäureseitenketten umgeben ist. Die Hapten/Antikörper‐Grenzfläche ist weniger dicht gepackt als erwartet und weist auch polare, H‐Brücken‐artige Wechselwirkungen mit dem polycyclischen aromatischen π‐Elektronensystem auf, die es dem Antikörper vermutlich gestatten, eine große, überwiegend hydrophobe Bindungsstelle in wässriger Umgebung aufrechtzuerhalten, die gleichzeitig genügende Komplementarität zum Liganden bietet.
Alkynes as Electrophilic or Nucleophilic Allylmetal Precursors in Transition‐Metal Catalysis
Authors: Haydl Alexander M. , Breit Bernhard , Liang Tao , Krische Michael J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDiverse late transition metal catalysts convert terminal or internal alkynes into transient allylmetal species that display electrophilic or nucleophilic properties. Whereas classical methods for the generation of allylmetal species often form stoichiometric by‐products, the recent use of alkynes as allylmetal precursors enables completely atom‐efficient catalytic processes to be carried out, including enantioselective transformations.
Crista Supraventricularis Purkinje Network and Its Relation to Intraseptal Purkinje Network
Authors: De Almeida Marcos C. , Araujo Mayssa , Duque Mathias , Vilhena Virginia 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTUsing transparent specimens with a dual color injection, microscopy, and computer tomography, this report shows that the right and left ventricular subendocardial Purkinje networks are connected by an extensive septal network in the bovine heart. The septal network is present along the entire septum except at a free zone below ventricular valves. Being the only communication of the basal right septum with the right free wall, the supraventricular crest is an enigmatic but not, by any means, hidden muscular structure. It is one of the last structures to be activated in human heart. It is shown here that the supraventricular crest Purkinje network connects the anterosuperior right ventricular basal free wall Purkinje network to anterior right ventricular basal septal Purkinje network. It is suggested that the stimulus initiated at middle left ventricular endocardium will activate the supraventricular crest. The intraseptal connection found between the basal left ventricular subendocardial septal Purkinje network and the right ventricular basal septal Purkinje network is, probably, the pathway for the stimulus. An anatomic basis is provided to explain why the inflow tract contracts earlier than the outflow tract in the right ventricle systole. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1793–1801, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Peripheral Immunophenotyping Identifies Three Subgroups Based on T Cell Heterogeneity in Lupus Patients
Authors: Kubo Satoshi , Nakayamada Shingo , Yoshikawa Maiko , Miyazaki Yusuke , Sakata Kei , Nakano Kazuhisa , Hanami Kentaro , Iwata Shigeru , Miyagawa Ippei , Saito Kazuyoshi , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo elucidate the diversity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) based on immunophenotyping.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 143 SLE patients and 49 healthy individuals. Circulating B, T, and dendritic cells were defined using flow cytometric analysis as recommended by the Human Immunology Project Consortium. Based on these results, immunophenotypes were distinguished by principal components analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis was used to classify SLE patients into subgroups.ResultsThe proportions of Treg and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells were higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls, whereas Th1 and Th17 cell proportions did not differ. Proportions of class‐switched memory B cells and IgD–CD27– B cells were increased in SLE patients as well. The largest difference compared to the control group was observed in the proportion of plasmablasts, which was higher in SLE patients and correlated with disease activity as assessed with the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group index. PCA indicated that the immunophenotype of SLE patients consisted of abnormalities of the T and B cell axes. Cluster analysis showed that the SLE patients could be stratified into 3 subgroups (with high proportions of plasmablasts in all groups): patients who did not show the characteristic features (T cell–independent group), patients with a high percentage of Tfh cells (Tfh‐dominant group), and patients with a high percentage of memory Treg cells (Treg‐dominant group). The percentage of patients whose SLE was resistant to treatment was highest among the Tfh‐dominant group.ConclusionOur study indicates that patients with active SLE can be divided into 3 subgroups based on T cell heterogeneity. Further immunophenotyping studies should help elucidate the pathogenesis of SLE and provide important information for the development of new therapies.
Array‐based molecular karyotyping in 115 VATER/VACTERL and VATER/VACTERL‐like patients identifies disease‐causing copy number variations
Authors: Zhang Rong , Marsch Florian , Kause Franziska , Degenhardt Franziska , Schmiedeke Eeberhard , Märzheuser Stefanie , Hoppe Bernd , Bachour Haitham , Boemers Thomas M. , Schäfer Matthias , Spychalski Nicole , Neser Jörg , Leonhardt Johannes , Kosch Ferdinand , Ure Benno , Gómez Barbara , Lacher Martin , Deffaa Oliver J. , Palta Markus , Wittekindt Boris , Kleine Katharina , Schmedding Andrea , Grasshoff‐Derr Sabine , Ven Amelie van der , Heilmann‐Heimbach Stefanie , Zwink Nadine , Jenetzky Ekkehart , Ludwig Michael , Reutter Heiko 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe acronym VATER/VACTERL refers to the rare nonrandom association of the following component features (CF): vertebral defects (V), anorectal malformations (A), cardiac defects (C), tracheoesophageal fistula with or without esophageal atresia, renal malformations (R), and limb defects (L). Patients presenting with at least three CFs are diagnosed as having VATER/VACTERL association while patients presenting with only two CFs are diagnosed as having VATER/VACTERL‐like phenotypes. Recently, rare causative copy number variations (CNVs) have been identified in patients with VATER/VACTERL association and VATER/VACTERL‐like phenotypes.MethodsTo detect further causative CNVs we performed array based molecular karyotyping in 75 VATER/VACTERL and 40 VATER/VACTERL‐like patients.ResultsFollowing the application of stringent filter criteria, we identified 13 microdeletions and seven microduplications in 20 unrelated patients all of which were absent in 1,307 healthy inhouse controls (n < 0.0008). Among these, microdeletion at 17q12 was confirmed to be de novo. Three microdeletions at 5q23.1, 16q23.3, 22q11.21, and one microduplication at 10q11.21 were all absent in the available parent. Microdeletion of chromosomal region 22q11.21 was previously found in VATER/VACTERL patients rendering it to be causative in our patient. The remaining 15 CNVs were inherited from a healthy parent.ConclusionIn two of 115 patients' causative CNVs were found (2%). The remaining identified rare CNVs represent candidates for further evaluation. Rare inherited CNVs may constitute modifiers of, or contributors to, multifactorial VATER/VACTERL or VATER/VACTERL‐like phenotypes. Birth Defects Research 109:1063–1069, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risks in the Making: The Mediating Role of Models in Water Management and Civil Engineering in the Netherlands
Authors: Kouw Matthijs 
Published: June 2017

AbstractZusammenfassung: Wie Risiken entstehen: Zum medialen Charakter von Modellen am Beispiel von Wasserwirtschaft und Ingenieurbau der Niederlande. Der Umgang mit Vorannahmen, Unsicherheiten und blinden Flecken gehört zur Praxis der Modellierung. Dabei wird das den Modellen inhärente Wissen um Risiken in unterschiedlichem Maße sichtbar, was für technologische Kulturen, die auf Modelle rekurrieren, folgenreich sein kann. Um Kollaborationen zwischen unterschiedlichen sozialen Gruppen wie Ingenieuren und politischen Entscheidern zu ermöglichen, werden in „trading zones“ (Peter Galison) gemeinsame Sprachregelungen gestiftet. Während solche Sprachregelungen tatsächlich soziale Gruppen verbinden und deren Zusammenarbeit befördern können, geht die Rolle von Modellen als Medium häufig nicht in diese Sprachregelungen mit ein. Die Sprachregelungen der trading zones können somit dazu beitragen, den Einfluss der Modellierungspraxis auf Risikoeinschätzungen zu verdecken. Aufbauend auf Einsichten aus den Science and Technology Studies (STS) und empirischer Forschung in hydrologischer, hydrodynamischer und geotechnischer Ingenieursarbeit sowie der Ökologie unterstreicht dieser Beitrag die Nützlichkeit des medialen Charakters von Modellen für den Nachvollzug unterschiedlicher Risikoeinschätzungen von Akteuren im Wasserschutz. Die Fähigkeit, Vorannahmen, Unsicherheiten und blinde Flecken von Computersimulationen und Modellierungspraxen zu erkennen und einzuschätzen, erweist sich bei mangelnder Würdigung des medialen Charakters von Modellen als eingeschränkt.
Impact of cell culture parameters on production and vascularization bioactivity of mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Patel Divya B. , Gray Kelsey M. , Santharam Yasasvhinie , Lamichhane Tek N. , Stroka Kimberly M. , Jay Steven M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for numerous applications. EVs offer potential advantages over cell‐based therapies with regard to safety, stability and clearance profiles, however production and potency limitations must be addressed to enable eventual translation of EV‐based approaches. Thus, we sought to examine the role of specific cell culture parameters on MSC EV production and bioactivity toward informing rational design parameters for scalable EV biomanufacturing. We report significantly reduced MSC EV vascularization bioactivity, as measured by an endothelial cell gap closure assay, with increasing passage in culture by trypsinization, especially beyond passage 4. We further show that increased frequency of EV collection yielded higher numbers of EVs from the same initial number of MSCs over a 24 hr period. Finally, we demonstrate that decreased cell seeding density in culture flasks resulted in increased production of EVs per cell in MSCs and other cell types. Overall, these studies highlight the need for careful consideration of the parameters of cell passage number and cell seeding density in the production of therapeutic EVs at laboratory scale and for rational design of large‐scale EV biomanufacturing schemes.
Characterization of Powder Layer Dustiness – Influence of the Deposit Thickness
Authors: Londershausen Tim , Schmidt Eberhard , Sander Sören , Fritsching Udo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe release of dust during powder processing is generally an undesired process and product property that needs to be controlled. Dustiness has so far been neglected to be appropriately addressed as a product property in application technology. To measure the redispersion of dust from a particle layer deposited on a surface, the redispersion dust in a double‐pipe system (RDDS) device may be used that has been developed for controllable redispersion of deposited dust from surfaces. Different particulate deposits, varying the deposit morphology and thickness, have been generated here by means of an electrostatic precipitator. For different particulate test materials a significant influence of the powder layer formation on the powder redispersion and dustiness has been found.
Thermodynamic Properties of Ionic Semiclathrate Hydrate Formed with Tetrabutylammonium Propionate
Authors: Yamauchi Yuji , Yamasaki Tatsuro , Endo Fuyuaki , Hotta Atsushi , Ohmura Ryo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe phase equilibrium temperature and dissociation heat of tetrabutylammonium propionate (TBAPr) hydrate are reported. TBAPr hydrate is a type of ionic semiclathrate hydrates and also could potentially be used as thermal energy storage material. The temperature‐composition phase diagram of the TBAPr hydrate was determined in a defined range of mass fractions. Considering the dissociation heat of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, multiple peaks of heat flow were observed in the TBAPr‐water system at the TBAPr mass fraction lower than 0.35, and there was a single peak at the mass fraction higher than 0.37.
Length‐to‐Diameter Ratio of Extrudates in Catalyst Technology: III. Catalyst Breakage in a Fixed Bed
Authors: Beeckman Jean W. L. , Cunningham Majosefina , Fassbender Natalie A. , Datz Theodore E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA correlation is demonstrated to predict the reduction in the mean length‐to‐diameter ratio of catalyst extrudates by breakage due to stress in a fixed bed. The stress can be caused either by the reactor load or it can be externally applied as in the bulk crush strength measurement. The strength characteristic of particular interest here is the extrudate bending strength characterized by the Euler‐Bernoulli modulus of rupture. The balance of the bending strength to the applied stress leads to a new dimensionless group. Extrudates in a fixed bed start to break above a specific critical stress, and their mean length‐to‐diameter ratio then becomes linearly proportional to this dimensionless group to the power one‐third.
Optimization of Settling Behavior for an Efficient Solvent‐Extraction Process for Biobased Components
Authors: Bednarz Andreas , Scherübel Peter , Spieß Antje C. , Pfennig Andreas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractExtraction is a downstream process option in biobased processes. Because knowledge of phase‐separation behavior is essential for designing efficient separation processes, this study investigates the settling and coalescence behavior of biobased extraction systems by using a standard laboratory‐scale settling cell. The influence of different buffer media and Escherichia coli cells on coalescence was determined for the reactive extraction of hexane‐1,6‐diamine with isostearic acid and di(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid by using kerosene and oleyl alcohol as diluents. As a result, an increasing pH value of the buffer significantly increases the settling time. The presence of E. coli cells hinders phase separation of the investigated systems, in particular, with dispersed organic phases.
Small‐Molecule Kinase‐Inhibitors‐Loaded Boron Cluster as Hybrid Agents for Glioma‐Cell‐Targeting Therapy
Authors: Couto Marcos , Mastandrea Ignacio , Cabrera Mauricio , Cabral Pablo , Teixidor Francesc , Cerecetto Hugo , Viñas Clara 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe reported new anilinoquinazoline‐icosahedral borane hybrids have been evaluated as glioma targeting for potential use in cancer therapy. Their anti‐glioma activity depends on hybrids’ lipophilicity; the most powerful compound against glioma cells, a 1,7‐closo‐derivative, displayed at least 3.3 times higher activity than the parent drug erlotinib. According to the cytotoxic effects on normal glia cells, the hybrids were selective for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐overexpressed tumor cells. These boron carriers could be used to enrich glioma cancer cells with boron for cancer therapy.