bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of irrigation set points for cranberries from soil- and plant-based measurements
Authors: Caron Jean , Bonin Simon , Pepin Steeve , Kummer Leroy , Vanderleest Clay , Bland William L. 
Published: April 2016

Cranberry production requires accurate irrigation management to optimize crop yield and reduce water use. However, irrigation guidelines for that crop are scarce and empirical. The objective of this study was to identify appropriate soil matric potential (ψ) irrigation set points for cranberry production. A three-step process was used to evaluate the set points. Crop water requirements were first evaluated in the field and, second, combined to soil physical properties with a hydrological model to estimate irrigation set points. Third, experimental measurements were carried out in a growth cabinet and in the field to validate the set point estimates from independent observations. Irrigation set point estimates obtained from yield response curves, photosynthesis and transpiration measurements, and soil physical properties were all consistent and suggest that soil matric potential be maintained between −4.0 and −7.0 kPa to ensure an adequate water supply to the crop and optimal fruit yield. Yield responses suggest that cranberries are highly sensitive to small changes in soil matric potential, showing differences of about 20 000 kg ha−1 when outside of the −4.0 to −7.0 range, with a maximum yield between 35 000 and 40 000 kg ha−1, depending on the site.
Evolution of non-interacting entropic dark energy and its phantom nature
Authors: Mathew Titus K. , Murali Chinthak , Shejeelammal J. 
Published: April 2016

Assuming the form of the entropic dark energy (EDE) as it arises from the surface term in the Einstein–Hilbert’s action, its evolution was analyzed in an expanding flat universe. The model parameters were evaluated by constraining the model using the Union data on Type Ia supernovae. We found that in the non-interacting case, the model predicts an early decelerated phase and a later accelerated phase at the background level. The evolutions of the Hubble parameter, dark energy (DE) density, equation of state parameter and deceleration parameter were obtained. The model hardly seems to be supporting the linear perturbation growth for the structure formation. We also found that the EDE shows phantom nature for redshifts z [Formula: see text] 0.257. During the phantom epoch, the model predicts big rip effect at which both the scale factor of expansion and the DE density become infinitely large and the big rip time is found to be around 36 Giga years from now.
GGA + U and mBJ + U study of the optoelectronic, magnetic and thermoelectric properties of the SmAlO3 compound with spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Chettri Sandeep , Rai D. P. , Shankar A. , Khenata R. , Ghimire M. P. , Thapa R. K. , Bin Omran S. 
Published: April 2016

The electronic, thermoelectric, optical, and magnetic properties of the samarium aluminate (SmAlO3) compound is studied using the spin-polarized full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method based on the density functional theory (DFT). The exchange and correlation potential is treated with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the Coulomb repulsion ([Formula: see text] Ry) has been calculated theoretically and was used for the GGA[Formula: see text] based approximated electronic structures. Additionally, the modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) potential was also utilized along with the GGA[Formula: see text] approach for the calculation of the band gap. On the other hand, the optical properties were analyzed with the mBJ[Formula: see text] results and the thermoelectric properties were explained on the basis of the electronic structures and density of states (DOS) with a thermoelectric efficiency of 0.66 at 300 K. The minimum reflectivity at 1.13 eV (which was equal to 1.097 [Formula: see text]m) was found to be in agreement with the experimental results. Further refinements in the electronic structures were obtained by adding the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) interactions to the GGA[Formula: see text] approach, which was then combined with the mBJ approximations. Hence, a conclusion using the combined mBJ[Formula: see text]SOC study indicates that the SmAlO3 compound is a potential candidate for both thermoelectric as well as magnetic devices.
IdealVolting
Authors: Kulau Ulf , Büsching Felix , Wolf Lars 
Published: April 2016

The energy consumption of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) correlates with the voltage level at which the nodes are powered—a lowered voltage leads to a prolonged lifetime of nodes and networks. Operating nodes at voltage levels below the recommendation—so-called undervolting—saves energy but is accompanied by an increased risk of failures.
In this article, we show that a WSN can still work reliably, even if the voltage recommendations are violated. We show that there is a correlation between temperature and error-proneness at the same voltage level and that ideal voltage levels depend on environmental conditions. Especially in outdoor deployments, temperatures fluctuate often and heavily. Additionally, we show that these ideal voltage levels are different for each individual node. To deal with these individual variations and varying temperatures, we present a supervised learning strategy that is able to keep the nodes in uncritical states even if environmental conditions are constantly and heavily changing while saving as much energy as possible by constantly adapting the voltage level of these nodes to an individually ideal level. All measurements were performed on sensor node prototypes that are also presented in this article. In detailed evaluations, it is shown (i) that a single node will never run in the same unsafe state twice, (ii) that only five known bias points are needed to predict nearly all temperature dependencies for an individual node, and, thus, (iii) that a system of undervolted nodes can be as reliable as a conventionally powered network while prolonging the lifetime by more than 40%.
Human Cancers Express a Mutator Phenotype: Hypothesis, Origin, and Consequences
Authors: Loeb Lawrence A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The mutator phenotype hypothesis was postulated more than 40 years ago. It was based on the multiple enzymatic steps required to precisely replicate the 6 billion bases in the human genome each time a normal cell divides. A reduction in this accuracy during tumor progression could be responsible for the striking heterogeneity of malignant cells within a tumor and for the rapidity by which cancers become resistant to therapy. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2057–9. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Loeb et al. Cancer Res. 1974;34:2311–21.
Dendritic Cell–Based Immunotherapy: State of the Art and Beyond
Authors: Bol Kalijn F. , Schreibelt Gerty , Gerritsen Winald R. , de Vries I. Jolanda M. , Figdor Carl G. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in cancer patients aims to induce or augment an effective antitumor immune response against tumor antigens and was first explored in a clinical trial in the 1990s. More than two decades later, numerous clinical trials have been performed or are ongoing with a wide variety of DC subsets, culture protocols, and treatment regimens. The safety of DC vaccination and its ability to induce antitumor responses have clearly been established; however, although scattered patients with long-term benefit were reported, DC vaccines have not yet fulfilled their promise, perhaps mainly due to the lack of large-scale well-conducted phase II/III trials. To allow meaningful multicenter phase III trials, the production of DC vaccines should be standardized between centers which is now becoming feasible. To improve the efficacy of DC-based immunotherapy, it could be combined with other treatments. Clin Cancer Res; 22(8); 1897–906. ©2016 AACR.
See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Opportunities and Challenges in Cancer Immunotherapy.”
Reversing T-cell Dysfunction and Exhaustion in Cancer
Authors: Zarour Hassane M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the context of chronic antigen exposure in chronic viral infections and cancer, T cells become exhausted/dysfunctional. These exhausted T cells exhibit defective proliferative capacities and cytokine production, but are not totally inert and may exert lytic functions. Importantly, exhausted T cells upregulate multiple inhibitory receptors/immune checkpoints that bind to their ligands expressed by tumor cells and antigen-presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Immune checkpoint blockades with anti-CTL antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and/or anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) mAbs successfully reinvigorate tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and provide persistent clinical benefits to a large number of patients with advanced cancer. This great and long-awaited success for the immunotherapy of cancer has infused considerable enthusiasm in the field of oncology and fostered the development of combinatorial strategies to target the multiple mechanisms of tumor-induced T-cell dysfunction. Here, we review the critical immunoregulatory mechanisms driving T-cell exhaustion in the TME. We also discuss the development of promising combinatorial immunotherapies to counteract the mechanisms of tumor-induced T-cell dysfunction to improve the clinical efficacy of current immune checkpoint blockades. As our understanding of the mechanisms supporting tumor-induced T-cell dysfunction improves based upon preclinical and clinical studies, we expect that novel combinatorial immunotherapies will emerge to improve the clinical outcome of patients with advanced cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(8); 1856–64. ©2016 AACR.See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Opportunities and Challenges in Cancer Immunotherapy.”
Kant: autonomia ou estética compromissada?
Authors: Korfmann Michael 
Published: April 2016

Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem Einfluss von Kant auf Konzepte der modernen Kunst, wie sie etwa in Arbeiten von Lyotard, Kothe, Weber oder Luhmann formuliert werden. Zentrale Punkte sind die Begriffe der Autonomie, des Erhabenen sowie L’art pour l’art als Paradigmen innerhalb der Diskussion über Beginn und Entwicklung der künstlerischen und sozialen Moderne.
Metáforas tecnológicas do cotidiano: uma análise do falar alemão
Authors: Schroeder Ulrike 
Published: April 2016

O artigo tematiza a transferência metafórica dos conceitos técnicos ao nosso estilo de falar cotidiano. No foco da investigação, coloca-se um esclarecimento da questão por quê se encontram especificamente no falar alemão em comparação com o português, por exemplo, de forma freqüente, metáforas tecnológicas ligadas a outros conceitos metafóricos. Com base em alguns exemplo extraídos da pesquisa comparativa „Brasilianische und deutsche Wirklichkeiten – eine vergleichende Fallstudie zu kommunikativ erzeugten Sinnwelten“ [Realidades brasileira e alemã – um estudo de caso comparativo sobre mundos de sentido criados comunicativamente], questiona-se sobre a questão sobre quais traços da língua alemã e do desenvolvimento históricocultural da nação alemã contribuem para uma tal dinâmica das metáforas utilizadas no falar cotidiano.
Para uma interpretação do conceito de Bildungsroman
Authors: Quintale Neto Flavio 
Published: April 2016

Neste artigo tenta-se compreender o sentido do chamado Romance de Formação. É feita uma curta analise do romance Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister de Goethe, obra modelo desse gênero narrativo. Argumenta-se que Goethe propõe, como ideal de busca para a formação do homem Humanista, a união entre a práxis e a contemplação. Discute-se também o Romance de Formação antimodelo: Henrique de Ofterdingen de Novalis.
Em casa com o antisemitismo: paisagens domésticas vienenses do fin-de-siècle
Authors: Krausz Luis Sérgio 
Published: April 2016

Este artigo trata do escritor austríaco Adolf Dessauer (1849-1916), um cronista de costumes da Viena da passagem do século 19 para o século 20. Banqueiro de profissão e escritor amador, Dessauer publicou em vida dois romances (Götzendienst, de 1896, e Großstadtjuden, de 1910) que são ambientados na metrópole habsburga, à época em rápida transformação econômica e social, e que hoje foram virtualmente esquecidos. Dessauer volta sua atenção para a classe social que ascendeu com o triunfo do liberalismo econômico, e que passou a relacionar-se, de maneira cada vez mais próxima, com a aristocracia decadente da capital austríaca, da qual mimetizava os gostos e os hábitos. Ao contrário do que aconteceria em outras nações européias, a burguesia, no Império Habsburgo, não criou um repertório cultural ou estético próprio, mas tentou apropriar-se, por meio da mímese, dos padrões culturais aristocráticos, o que gerou uma classe de imitadores sobre a qual Dessauer volta um olhar irônico e penetrante. Ao mesmo tempo, Dessauer mostra como o partido dos cristãos anti-semitas, na Áustria, recrutou seu eleitorado dentre a camada de artesãos que, com o surgimento da nova ordem econômica, proletarizou-se: a estes artesãos empobrecidos dirigia-se a campanha promovida pelo Dr. Karl Lueger, que identificava com o judaísmo e com os judeus o capitalismo liberal. Já em Großstadtjuden o autor volta-se sobre os mesmos fenômenos, porém de um ponto de vista estritamente judaico, que tem como ponto de partida algumas famílias e a maneira como cada uma delas reage ao crescente anti-semitismo na capital austríaca. Olhando-se em retrospecto, a história da comunidade judaica viensense, que à época de Dessauer era a segunda em tamanho na Europa, superada apenas pela de Varsóvia, afigura-se, neste romance, como um prelúdio de toda a história judaica na Europa do século 20, o que traz um inesperado interesse por uma obra literária que parecia condenada ao esquecimento.
Karl Lieblich: ein deutsch-jüdisches und schriftstellerisches Emigrantenschicksal zwischen Deutschland und Brasilien
Authors: Andress Reinhard 
Published: April 2016

história da vida de Karl Lieblich é a de um escritor judeu-alemão, hoje em dia amplamente esquecido, que abandonou a Alemanha nacionalsocialista para o exílio no Brasil e voltou à Alemanha após a guerra. O artigo tem o objetivo de traçar as linhas da sua vida, de analisar suas obras literárias e filosófico-culturais e contextualizá-las no seu tempo.
Kausale Satzverknüpfungen im Deutschen
Authors: Blühdorn Hardarik 
Published: April 2016

Este artigo traz uma visão panorâmica do comportamento sintático, prosódico e semântico, bem como da função textual, dos conectores causais do alemão contemporâneo. No primeiro item, a coerência textual é dividida nos domínios da coerência espacial, temporal e causal. Boa parte da coerência espacial e temporal é expressa através de recursos gramaticais, enquanto a coerência causal é expressa principalmente por recursos lexicais: preposições, conjunções e advérbios. No segundo item, apresentam-se os conectores causais mais importantes do alemão contemporâneo e as suas propriedades sintáticas e semânticas gerais. O terceiro item trata do conceito lingüístico de causa, contextualizando-o dentro de reflexões filosóficas mais genéricas sobre a causalidade. O conceito de causa é relacionado aos conceitos subjacentes de situação e condição. O quarto item é dedicado à distinção entre três tipos de conexões causais, chamadas de disposicionais, epistêmicas e deônticoilocucionais. Empiricamente, há muitos casos nos quais uma conexão causal entre duas orações pode receber mais do que uma dessas leituras. Os subitens que se seguem examinam, de uma maneira mais detalhada, as condições sintáticas, prosódicas e semânticas que possibilitam leituras epistêmicas e deônticas de conexões causais. Como os principais fatores que influenciam a interpretação destacam-se a integração sintática, prosódica e informacional das expressões conectadas, a definitude da causa, bem como contextos modais.
As interferências da Língua Materna e o aprendizado do Alemão como Língua Estrangeira por crianças bilíngües
Authors: Spinassé Karen Pupp 
Published: April 2016

Die Muttersprache beeinflusst den Erwerbs- oder Lernprozess einer weiteren Sprache – unabhängig davon, ob es sich dabei um eine Zweit- oder um eine Fremdsprache handelt. Es gibt aber auch andere Faktoren, die bei diesen Prozessen eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Daher kann man den Einfluss anderer Sprachen beim Erwerb oder Erlernen einer weiteren Sprache nur dann richtig einschätzen, wenn mehrere Faktoren für die Analyse untersucht werden. Der hier beschriebene Ansatz bezieht sich daher sowohl auf Elemente, die aus der Muttersprache transferiert werden, als auch auf solche aus anderen zuvor erlernten Sprachen und schließlich auf Elemente aus der Zielsprache selbst. Daneben sollte nicht vergessen werden, dass diese sogenannten Interferenzen nicht nur auf linguistischer, sondern auch auf extra-linguistischer Ebene vorkommen. Der vorliegende Artikel zielt darauf ab, diese Faktoren zu beschreiben und zu diskutieren, um den Lernprozess des Deutschen als Fremdsprache in Brasilien sowie seine Besonderheiten in Bezug auf die bilinguale Erziehung zu charakterisieren. Durch die Beschreibung und die Analyse empirischer Daten soll, ausgehend von der Theorie der Großen Hypothesen, über die Beziehungen zwischen Erst- und Fremd- bzw. Zweitsprache sowie deren gegenseitigen Interferenzen reflektiert werden.
Formação de um mundo já posto: Kohlhaas e sua sanha justiceiro-vingativa
Authors: Castro Rodrigo Campos de Paiva 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung: Die Hauptfigur der kleistschen Novelle "Michael Kohlhaas" bemüht sich mit allen ihren Kräften ihr Weiterleben zu gewährleisten. Wie der Leser aber früher oder später bemerken wird, bringt ihr Ka mpf keine neue Ordnung, sondern bestätigt wieder ein Gesetz, das schon gültig war. Ein za uberisches und natürliches Gesetz, dass die Hauptfigur auf eine von Rache und Gerechtigkeit geprägte Reise senden wird. Am Schluss dieser Reise, offenbart sich der Mann, der ein selbstständiges Subjekt sein wollte, als ein bloßes Objekt. Aber das Ergebnis zeigt sich au ch als eine Bekräftigung der Ordnung, die dieses Subjekt auf die Welt gebracht hat. Eine merkwürdige Ordnung, wo widersprüchliche Elemente (Ordnung/Unordnung; Gewalt/Frieden; Gerechtigkeit/Ungerechtigkeit; Mythos/Geschichte; Himmel/Hölle; usw.) sich gegenseitig bestätigen.
Natureza e Linguagem em Os Discípulos em Saïs, de Novalis
Authors: Fadel Natália Corrêa Porto Sanches 
Published: April 2016

A seguir, procuraremos identificar na obra Die Lehrlinge zu Saïs, de Novalis, um dos autores mais significativos do assim chamado Primeiro Romantismo Alemão, os pressupostos de uma teoria da linguagem que se sustenta no Idealismo Alemão. O problema se delineia à medida que, para Novalis, contemporâneo do estabelecimento das bases da lingüística moderna, e, ele próprio, estudioso de filologia, obser var-se-ia no fenômeno da linguagem uma possível relação entre espírito e mundo, o que, por sua vez, se opõe ao conceito hoje clássico da arbitrariedade do signo. Considerada pela crítica como um fragmento de romance, a narrativa de Novalis em questão apresenta um elenco bastante rico no que se refere aos pressupostos de uma possível teoria da linguagem de caráter simbólico-poético e messiânico. Assim sendo, a abordagem a Os Discípulos em Saïs terá como perspectiva a possível identificação, no texto literário, de características desta filosofia ou teoria romântica da linguagem.
Uwe Timms Berliner Trilogie Bilanzen von Teilung und Wende in Johannisnacht, Rot und Halbschatten
Authors: Krause Ana Helena 
Published: April 2016

Uwe Timm tematiza a divisão da Alemanha e o processo de reunificação em sua “Trilogia de Berlim”, com os romances Johannisnacht (1996), Rot (2001) e Halbschatten (2008). Nos dois primeiros, as lembranças e experiências narradas pelas personagens oferecem um panorama heterogêneo do período pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial no leste e no oeste do país: Johannisnacht apresenta o caos da cidade em 1995 e a dificuldade de comunicação entre “Ossis” e “Wessis”, enquanto em Rot, o fracasso da experiência socialista é parte das desilusões dos velhos ativistas do Movimento Estudantil. Por sua vez, em Halbschatten, o autor focaliza a história alemã antes de 1945, buscando no passado militarista da Prússia as causas do cenário presente nos dois romances anteriores. O Cemitério dos Inválidos, o mais antigo da cidade, aparece como palco de eventos históricos e memória concretamente visível: além de unir a elite militar prussiana e membros do alto comando nazistas a lutadores da resistência anti-hitleriana, ele foi dividido ao meio pelo Muro de Berlim.
Human Validation of Genes Associated With a Murine Atherosclerotic Phenotype
Authors: Pasterkamp Gerard , van der Laan Sander W. , Haitjema Saskia , Foroughi Asl Hassan , Siemelink Marten A. , Bezemer Tim , van Setten Jessica , Dichgans Martin , Malik Rainer , Worrall Bradford B. , Schunkert Heribert , Samani Nilesh J. , de Kleijn Dominique P.V. , Markus Hugh S. , Hoefer Imo E. , Michoel Tom , de Jager Saskia C.A. , Björkegren Johan L.M. , den Ruijter Hester M. , Asselbergs Folkert W. 
Published: April 2016

Objective—
The genetically modified mouse is the most commonly used animal model for studying the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease. We aimed to assess if mice atherosclerosis-related genes could be validated in human disease through examination of results from genome-wide association studies.

Approach and Results—

We performed a systematic review to identify atherosclerosis-causing genes in mice and carried out gene-based association tests of their human orthologs for an association with human coronary artery disease and human large artery ischemic stroke. Moreover, we investigated the association of these genes with human atherosclerotic plaque characteristics. In addition, we assessed the presence of tissue-specific
cis
-acting expression quantitative trait loci for these genes in humans. Finally, using pathway analyses we show that the putative atherosclerosis-causing genes revealed few associations with human coronary artery disease, large artery ischemic stroke, or atherosclerotic plaque characteristics, despite the fact that the majority of these genes have
cis
-acting expression quantitative trait loci.

Conclusions—
A role for genes that has been observed in mice for atherosclerotic lesion development could scarcely be confirmed by studying associations of disease development with common human genetic variants. The value of murine atherosclerotic models for selection of therapeutic targets in human disease remains unclear.