bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The chelating peptide (GPAGPHGPPG) derived from Alaska pollock skin enhances calcium, zinc and iron transport in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Chen Qianru , Guo Lidong , Du Fen , Chen Tiejun , Hou Hu , Li Bafang 
Published: April 2017

SummaryGly‐Pro‐Ala‐Gly‐Pro‐His‐Gly‐Pro‐Pro‐Gly (GPAGPHGPPG), a chelating peptide derived from Alaska pollock skin, has been approved with outstanding ability to chelate calcium, zinc and iron ions. In this study, the stability of GPAGPHGPPG during in vitro gastrointestinal enzymatic digestion, the potential binding site between peptide and metal ions as well as its effects on mineral transport in Caco‐2 cells were investigated. Results showed that approximately 75% of GPAGPHGPPG remained intact at the end of the in vitro gastrointestinal enzymatic digestion. The formation of peptide‐metal complex was potentially related to histidine and cyclic structure in terms of dehydration. Moreover, GPAGPHGPPG revealed significant promotional effects on calcium (112.7%, P < 0.01), zinc (32.3%, P < 0.01) and iron (27.7%, P < 0.01) transport in Caco‐2 cell monolayer. In conclusion, GPAGPHGPPG could be developed as a potential functional ingredient to prevent mineral deficiency.
Formation mechanism and growth of MNbO3, M=K, Na by in situ X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Skjærvø Susanne Linn , Sommer Sanna , Nørby Peter , Bøjesen Espen Drath , Grande Tor , Iversen Bo B. , Einarsrud Mari‐Ann 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHydrothermal synthesis is a well‐established method to produce complex oxides, and is a potential interesting approach to synthesize stoichiometric lead‐free piezoelectric K0.5Na0.5NbO3. Due to challenges in obtaining the desired stoichiometry of this material, more knowledge is needed on how the end‐members, KNbO3 and NaNbO3, are nucleating and growing. Here, we report on the formation mechanisms and growth during hydrothermal synthesis of KNbO3 and NaNbO3 by in situ synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction. We show that tetragonal KNbO3 crystallites form from dissolved T‐Nb2O5 at 250°C‐300°C and 250 bar while orthorhombic NaNbO3 forms via several crystalline intermediate phases at 225°C‐325°C and 250 bar. The crystallite size of KNbO3 is decreasing while the crystallite size of NaNbO3 is increasing with increasing temperature, demonstrating that the presence of intermediate phases is highly important for the nucleation and growth of the final product. The different crystallization schemes explain the challenge in obtaining stoichiometric K0.5Na0.5NbO3 by hydrothermal synthesis.
Aggravation of diabetes, and incompletely deficient insulin secretion in a case with type 1 diabetes‐resistant human leukocyte antigen DRB1*15:02 treated with nivolumab
Authors: Matsumura Kimio , Nagasawa Kaoru , Oshima Yoichi , Kikuno Shouta , Hayashi Kyohei , Nishimura Akihiro , Okubo Minoru , Uruga Hironori , Kishi Kazuma , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Mori Yasumichi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnti‐programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) antibody therapy induces various adverse effects, especially in the endocrine system. Several cases of acute‐onset insulin‐dependent diabetes after anti‐PD‐1 antibody therapy have been reported. Many of these cases have a susceptible human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype for type 1 diabetes, possibly suggesting that HLA might be involved in the onset of diabetes with anti‐PD‐1 therapy. We describe an atypical case of hyperglycemia after anti‐PD‐1 antibody administration. A 68‐year‐old Japanese man with pancreatic diabetes and steroid diabetes was given nivolumab three times for chemoresistant adenocarcinoma of the lung. On day 5 after the third infusion of nivolumab, he had hyperglycemia (blood glucose 330 mg/dL and hemoglobin A1c 8.0%) without ketosis and with incompletely deficient insulin secretion. The patient had both type 1 diabetes susceptible (HLA‐A*24:02 and ‐DRB1*09:01) and resistant (HLA‐DRB1*15:02) HLA genotypes. These HLA genotypes differ from those previously reported in anti‐PD‐1 antibody‐induced diabetes, and might have influenced the preservation of insulin secretion after nivolumab administration in the present case.
Radiopacity of Resin Cements Using Digital Radiography
Authors: Hosney Sherif , Abouelseoud Hanan K , El‐Mowafy Omar 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTStatement of ProblemMonitoring performance of glass‐ceramic based indirect restorations using radiographic imaging might be difficult due to their low radiopacity. Therefore, materials used for their cementation must possess adequate radiopacity.PurposeThis study determined radiopacity of a group of resin‐cements used for adhesive‐cementation of glass‐ceramic‐based restorations using digital radiography.MethodsTwo specimens were prepared from a group of resin cements (VariolinkII‐opaque, VariolinkII‐opaque (base), VariolinkII‐Transparent, VariolinkII‐Transparent (base), Nexus, RelyX Unicem, RelyX ultimate, Duolink, Monocem and Resinomer) and longitudinal sections of same thickness were obtained from molar and premolar. Specimens were assigned to two groups one had molar section with 10 specimens whereas other had premolar with remaining 10 specimens. Each group was placed on digital radiograph sensor (Schick CDR, size 2) together with aluminum step‐wedge. Sensor was exposed to X‐ray using standard technique. Two images were obtained for each group. Pixel measurements were made using NIH Image‐J software. Mean pixel measurements were converted into aluminum thickness equivalents. Data were statistically‐analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's tests.ResultsANOVA revealed significant difference in mean pixel values among cements (p < 0.001). VariolinkII‐opaque showed highest mean aluminum equivalent (4.6 mm Al/1 mm) followed by VariolinkII‐opaque‐Base (4.5 mm Al/1 mm), VariolinkII‐transparent (4.45 mm Al/1 mm), VariolinkII‐transparent‐Base (4.45 mm Al/1 mm), Nexus (2.95 mm Al/1 mm), Duolink (2.7 mm Al/1 mm), RelyX Unicem (2.2 mm Al/1 mm) and finally RelyX ultimate (2 mm Al/1 mm). All cements had mean radiopacity values higher than that of enamel whereas Monocem (1.25 mm Al/1 mm) and Resinomer (1.2 mm Al/1 mm) had means between those of enamel and dentin.ConclusionsAll tested resin‐cements showed radiopacity values higher than that of dentin which is adequate for diagnostic purposes according to ISO recommendation.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe use of resin cement with adequate radiopacity for adhesive cementation of glass‐ceramic based restorations enables their radiographic monitoring. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:215–221, 2017)
Experimental investigation of the protein foam flow structure in horizontal channels: Flow regime and corresponding bubble size distribution
Authors: Zoheidi Ladan , Panradl Christian , Rauh Cornelia , Delgado Antonio 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe present study offers the flow patterns and associated structure of protein foam flowing in a horizontal channel. An experimental equipment was developed to study the protein foam flow regime and the related bubble size distribution. The foam formation was performed with the help of a foam generator and transported in a horizontal channel. The optical measurements were performed by a high speed camera which enabled the foam flow visualization at the channel wall. The foam flow pattern and the corresponding bubble size distribution were studied as a function of the foam quality. As a consequence of the higher drainage and gravitational effect at higher gas flowrates, the foam structure resulted in different flow patterns. The bubble size distribution was studied as a function of the volumetric gas and liquid flowrate. The foam consisting of bubbles on the millimeter scale showed a close fit to the log‐normal distribution.Practical applicationsOne of the most important attributes of the two‐phase flow is the bubble structure resulting in different foam flow regimes. Since the final appearance of foam food products and their textural properties such as their smoothness are associated with the foam uniform distribution of the bubbles, the main objective of the present work is given to provide the first experimental results of the milk protein foam flow regime and corresponding bubble sizes during mechanical transport through a horizontal duct.
Unfolded protein response activation compensates endoplasmic reticulum‐associated degradation deficiency inArabidopsis
Authors: Li Qingliang , Wei Hai , Liu Lijing , Yang Xiaoyuan , Zhang Xiansheng , Xie Qi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAbiotic stresses often disrupt protein folding and induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. There is a sophisticated ER quality control (ERQC) system to mitigate the effects of malfunctioning proteins and maintain ER homeostasis. The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to enhance ER protein folding and the degradation of misfolded proteins mediate by ER‐associated degradation (ERAD). That ERQC reduces abiotic stress damage has been well studied in mammals and yeast. However, in plants, both ERAD and UPR have been studied separately and found to be critical for plant abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, we discovered that UPR‐associated transcription factors AtbZIP17, AtbZIP28 and AtbZIP60 responded to tunicamycin (TM) and NaCl induced ER stress and subsequently enhancedArabidopsis thalianaabiotic stress tolerance. They regulated the expression level of ER chaperones and the HRD1‐complex components. Moreover, overexpression ofAtbZIP17,AtbZIP28andAtbZIP60could restore stress tolerance via ERAD in the HRD1‐complex mutanthrd3a‐2, which suggested that UPR and ERAD have an interactive mechanism inArabidopsis.
Systematic Review of Gender Differences in Sepsis Management and Outcomes
Authors: Failla Kim Reina , Connelly Cynthia D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeContributors to disparities in sepsis management have been attributed to genetic susceptibility, differences in clinical presentation, and healthcare delivery. The influence of gender on survival or mortality of patients with sepsis‐related diagnoses is unclear. The purpose of the current study was to systematically review published research to identify factors and outcomes associated with sepsis management and outcomes based on gender differences.MethodsCovering a period from 2006 to 2016, a literature search was conducted on four electronic data bases including the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EBSCO, MedlinePlus, and PubMed. Content analysis of each article was performed independently by two authors. The guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) Statement was the method used to assess the quality of evidence of the articles in this review.FindingsA full review was completed on a total of 452 identified potentially relevant publications, and 7 publications met inclusion criteria. The methodological approaches included prospective and retrospective observational studies, and prospective and historical cohort studies. The aim of these studies was to identify if gender differences exist related to sepsis‐related mortality, completion of Surviving Sepsis Campaign resuscitation bundle elements, sepsis‐related care processes, and sepsis‐related incidence and source.ConclusionsClinical sepsis studies evaluating gender and sepsis‐related management and mortality are inconclusive and complex. Three different outcomes exist: no difference, higher risk in females, or higher risk in males. Further studies are needed to support the presence of gender disparities on sepsis‐related healthcare outcomes.Clinical RelevanceProviders should understand the importance of adhering to sepsis protocols and minimizing treatment disparities including gender differences.
Accuracy of self‐collected human papillomavirus samples from Japanese women with abnormal cervical cytology
Authors: Aiko Kawano‐Yashiro , Yoko Motoki , Saito Oba Mari , Ryoko Asano , Yasuyo Maruyama , Mikiko Asai‐Sato , Takeharu Yamanaka , Fumiki Hirahara , Etsuko Miyagi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of self‐collected vaginal samples compared with physician‐collected cervical samples for high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in Japanese women with abnormal cervical cytology. We also assessed the acceptability of self‐collected HPV (sHPV) testing using a questionnaire.MethodsWomen aged 20–69 years (n = 136) attending Yokohama City University Hospital because of abnormal cervical cytology between April 2014 and January 2015 were enrolled in this study. Cervical samples for conventional cytology and physician‐collected HPV (pHPV) testing were obtained before colposcopic examination. After this examination, patients were asked to provide a self‐sampled vaginal specimen (sHPV) at home, some time between the following day and the next week and to complete a self‐sampling acceptability questionnaire.ResultsThe overall positive rates of HPV detection with pHPV and sHPV testing were 61.0% (83/136) and 40.4% (55/136), respectively (P < 0.001). sHPV testing had a lower sensitivity compared to pHPV for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2 or worse (CIN2+: 59.4% vs 100%, P < 0.001; CIN3: 66.7% vs 100%, P = 0.248). There were no statistically significant differences in the sensitivity to detect CIN3 among pHPV testing, sHPV testing, and cytology. The self‐collecting device had good acceptability.ConclusionsHPV testing is a possible technique with which to improve poor cervical cancer screening uptake rates in Japan; however, the sensitivity to detect CIN2+ lesions must improve before it can be a substitute for conventional cytology or pHPV testing. Further large‐scale acceptability studies involving non‐responders are also needed before practical application.
Anti‐NMDA‐receptor encephalitis during pregnancy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Xiao Xue , Gui Shunping , Bai Peng , Bai Yi , Shan Dan , Hu Yayi , Bui‐Nguyen Tri M. , Zhou Rong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (anti‐NMDA‐R) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder that was first described by Dr Vitaliani in 2005. In 2007, Dalmau et al. found anti‐NMDA‐R antibody expressed both in the hippocampus and prefrontal nerve cell membrane, finally proposing the diagnosis of autoimmune anti‐NMDA‐R encephalitis. Most of the patients are female (91%), with ages ranging from 4 to 76 years. The average age is 23 years, a birth peak age, although anti‐NMDA‐R encephalitis is rare during pregnancy. The disorder is characterized by prominent psychosis, dyskinesias, seizures, autonomic disturbance, and central hypoventilation. We report a 24‐year‐old woman hospitalized at 28 gestational weeks with acute‐onset psychosis. Over the course of 3 weeks, her mental status worsened until she fell into a coma. Both serum and cerebrospinal fluid anti‐NMDA‐R antibodies were found to be positive. At cesarean section, a healthy baby boy was born and a wedge‐shaped bilateral ovarian resection was performed. Treatment with corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis can lead to improved outcomes for both mother and baby.
Ethnic Differences in Returning Home: Explanations From a Life Course Perspective
Authors: Kleinepier Tom , Berrington Ann , Stoeldraijer Lenny 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEthnic differences in leaving and returning home may reflect varying cultural norms regarding intergenerational coresidence, but also differences in transitions in linked domains, for example, employment and partnership transitions. This study uses Dutch population register data to compare returning home among second‐generation Turks, Moroccans, Surinamese, and Antilleans with native Dutch who had left the parental home between age 16 and 28 in the period 1999 to 2011 (N = 194,020). All second‐generation groups were found to be more likely to return home than native Dutch. A large part of these differences was related to the timing and occurrence of other key events in the life course, such as age at leaving home and partnership dissolution. Although the impact of partnership dissolution on returning home was found to be strong among all origin groups, it was less pronounced among second‐generation youth, particularly Turks and Moroccans, than native Dutch youth. Possible explanations and implications are discussed.
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Causing Brown Spot Disease of Camellia oleifera in Hainan of China
Authors: Xu Min , He Rui , Peng Yun , Zeng Can‐Bin , Liu Yang , Tang Guang‐Hua , Tang Hua 
Published: April 2017

AbstractColletotrichum gloeosporioides is an important pathogen that causes widespread brown spot disease on the leaves of the tea‐oil tree (Camellia oleifera) in China. This study was designed to isolate, identify and characterize this fungal pathogen, based on morphology, molecular characteristics and pathogenicity. One pathogenic fungus, named CCG4, was isolated from wild‐type Camellia oleifera of Hainan Province. Colonies were regular circular in shape with 50–60 mm diameter after 5 days of incubation at 28°C on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, and woolly with a small amount of jacinth pigment; the colony colour changed from white to black during later stages of infection. The mycelium produced was branched and septate. Conidia were cylindrical‐truncate, oblong‐obtuse to doliform, colourless with 1–2 hyaline oil globules and 4.5–5.3 μm × 7.7–17.5 μm. The sporodochia were cushion‐shaped. The pathogen was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on the basis of morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer sequence, which showed 100% query cover and 99% similarity to the sequence Colletotrichum gloeosporioides JN887341.1, from a pathogenic fungus known to cause brown spot disease of Camellia oleifera.
Food niche segregation between sympatric golden jackals and red foxes in central Bulgaria
Authors: Tsunoda H. , Raichev E. G. , Newman C. , Masuda R. , Georgiev D. M. , Kaneko Y. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn Europe, the range of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) has expanded since the mid‐twentieth century, but little is known about how it interacts with other sympatric carnivores. Among European countries, Bulgaria has the largest population of golden jackals and jackal numbers have increased around two‐fold during the past two decades, particularly in lowland habitats. Larger canids often competitively exclude, or even kill, smaller sympatric ones, especially when guild dynamics are in flux due to population re‐establishment. We therefore investigate whether trophic niche segregation occurs between golden jackals and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in central Bulgaria, where both species are sympatric. Because jackals are more abundant in lowland than in upland Bulgaria, we further investigate whether habitat elevation affects the strength of trophic competition. From the analysis of stomach contents of both species, collected from lowland and upland areas during hunting seasons between 1997 and 2009, we found no significant food niche overlap, and no effect of elevation on trophic interactions. In lowland habitat, golden jackals mainly scavenged carcasses of domestic animals, whereas in upland habitat they consumed mostly carcasses of wild ungulates. In contrast, red foxes predominantly and consistently predated rodents in both habitats. This suggests that trophic segregation facilitates the coexistence of these canids under these prevailing population conditions. Nevertheless, we stress that as golden jackals colonize Eastern Europe, impacts on red foxes, and consequences for ecological communities, should be monitored carefully, especially in regions with less carrion available to support jackals.
Wage Discrimination Against Immigrants in Austria?
Authors: Hofer Helmut , Titelbach Gerlinde , Winter‐Ebmer Rudolf , Ahammer Alexander 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper analyses wage discrimination against immigrants in Austria using combined information from the labour force surveys and administrative social security data. We find that immigrants experience a wage penalty of 15 percentage points compared with natives. However, a substantial part of this gap can be explained by differences in human capital endowment and job position. Decomposition methods using quantile regressions indicate larger discrimination in the upper part of the wage distribution.
Band‐aids for Buchnera and B vitamins for all
Authors: Russell Jacob A. , Oliver Kerry M. , Hansen Allison K. 
Published: April 2017

Evolution lacks foresight, and hence, key adaptations may produce major challenges over the long run. The natural world is rife with examples of long‐term ‘side effects’ associated with quick‐fix tinkering, including blind spots in vertebrate eyes. An important question is how nature compensates for imperfections once evolution has set a course. The symbioses associated with sap‐feeding insects present a fascinating opportunity to address this issue. On one hand, the substantial diversity and biomass of sap‐feeding insects are largely due to ancient acquisitions of nutrient‐provisioning bacterial symbionts. Yet, the insularity and small population sizes enforced by intracellular life and strict maternal transfer inevitably result in the degradation of symbiont genomes and, often, the beneficial services that symbionts provide. Stabilization through lateral transfer of bacterial genes into the host nucleus (often from exogenous sources) or replacement of the long‐standing symbiont with a new partner are potential solutions to this evolutionary dilemma (Bennett & Moran ). A third solution is adoption of a cosymbiont that compensates for specific losses in the original resident. Ancient ‘co‐obligate’ symbiont pairs in mealybugs, leafhoppers, cicadas and spittlebugs show colocalization, codiversification, metabolite exchange and generally nonredundant nutrient biosynthesis (Bennett & Moran ). But in this issue, Meseguer et al. () report on a different flavour of cosymbiosis among conifer‐feeding Cinara aphids.
Traumatic stress‐induced persistent changes in DNA methylation regulate neuropeptide Y expression in rat jejunum
Authors: Sagarkar S. , Mahajan S. , Choudhary A. G. , Borkar C. D. , Kokare D. M. , Sakharkar A. J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundStress‐induced chronic neuropsychiatric conditions such as anxiety are often co‐morbid with gastrointestinal malfunctions. While we find enduring anxiety‐like symptoms following minimal traumatic brain injury (MTBI) in rats, gastrointestinal consequences of MTBI remain elusive.MethodsIn this study, we examined the effects of MTBI on a major gut peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and gut motility. DNA methylation was studied as a possible epigenetic mechanism operative in the regulation of NPY expression in the gut.Key ResultsMinimal traumatic brain injury reduced the gut motility 48 hours and 30 days after trauma. The expression of DNA methyltransferase isoforms (DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b) was altered in the jejunum 48 hours and 30 days after MTBI. However, the mRNA levels of growth arrest and DNA damage 45 (GADD45) isoforms, GADD45a, and GADD45b, which are believed to be involved in active DNA demethylation, initially decreased at 48 hours but subsequently increased after 30 days of trauma. Similarly, DNA hypomethylation at the NPY promoter region in the jejunum was correlated with the increase in NPY mRNA and protein levels 30 days post‐trauma. On the other hand, DNA hypomethylation at 48 hours was associated with a decline in NPY expression. Treatment with 5‐azacytidine (5‐AzaC), a DNMT inhibitor, retarded DNA methylation and restored the NPY mRNA levels in the jejunum of MTBI‐induced rats.Conclusions & InferencesThese results suggest that DNA demethylation could be operative as an epigenetic mechanism in the long‐term regulation of NPY gene expression to alter the gut motility during traumatic stress.