bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two viruses, MCV1 and MCV2, which infect Marinitoga bacteria isolated from deep‐sea hydrothermal vents: functional and genomic analysis
Authors: Mercier C. , Lossouarn J. , Nesbø C. L. , Haverkamp T. H. A. , Baudoux A. C. , Jebbar M. , Bienvenu N. , Thiroux S. , Dupont S. , Geslin C. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryViruses represent a driving force in the evolution of microorganisms including those thriving in extreme environments. However, our knowledge of the viral diversity associated to microorganisms inhabiting the deep‐sea hydrothermal vents remains limited. The phylum of Thermotogae, including thermophilic bacteria, is well represented in this environment. Only one virus was described in this phylum, MPV1 carried by Marinitoga piezophila. In this study, we report on the functional and genomic characterization of two new bacterioviruses that infect bacteria from the Marinitoga genus. Marinitoga camini virus 1 and 2 (MCV1 and MCV2) are temperate siphoviruses with a linear dsDNA genome of 53.4 kb and 50.5 kb respectively. Here, we present a comparative genomic analysis of the MCV1 and MCV2 viral genomes with that of MPV1. The results indicate that even if the host strains come from geographically distant sites, their genomes share numerous similarities. Interestingly, heavy metals did not induce viral production, instead the host of MCV1 produced membrane vesicles. This study highlights interaction of mobile genetic elements (MGE) with their hosts and the importance of including hosts‐MGEs' relationships in ecological studies.
Reliability of body‐weight scalars on the assessment of propofol induction dose in obese patients
Authors: Araújo A. M. , Machado H. S. , Falcão A. C. , Soares‐da‐Silva P. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundObese patients require specific perioperative care when compared with non‐obese patients. The present study aimed to analyse the ability of size descriptors to estimate propofol induction dose in class II and III obese patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study on adult patients with body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 35 kg/m2 and on adult patients with BMI lower than 35 kg/m2 was carried out. General anaesthesia was induced with remifentanil, propofol and rocuronium. Propofol infusion was started at 2000 mg/h until loss of consciousness. Bioelectrical impedance analysis and Brice modified interview was completed during pre‐ and post‐operative evaluation, respectively. Measurements of propofol plasma concentration were performed using gas chromatography/ion trap‐mass spectrometry.ResultsForty patients were enrolled in the study. The median values of fat free mass (FFM) in BMI < 35 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 groups were 70% and 55% of total body weight, respectively. Our results did not demonstrate a strong correlation level between the studied size descriptors and propofol induction dose in both groups. Nevertheless, when propofol doses were normalized by FFM, an apparent convergence of the empirical cumulative distribution functions was observed.ConclusionNone of the size descriptors was seen to be an effective predictor of the propofol induction dose in class II and III obese patients when a fixed infusion rate was used. Due to the observed variability between patients, guiding propofol induction dose against a clinical endpoint of unconsciousness appears more appropriate in order to avoid side effects related both with under or overdosing of propofol.
Ethiopian wolves conflict with pastoralists in small Afroalpine relicts
Authors: Eshete Girma , Marino Jorgelina , Sillero‐Zubiri Claudio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe peaceful coexistence between people and the rare Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis is being challenged by conflicts rising due to livestock predation by wild carnivores. Understanding the cultural and socio‐economic context of these conflicts can help to prevent negative attitudes and retaliatory killings, which have the potential to seriously compromise the survival of Ethiopian wolf populations in small Afroalpine relicts. With this objective in mind, questionnaire surveys were conducted in 140 households around the Aboi Gara range in north Ethiopia. Half of the households reported losing sheep and goats to wolves and golden jackals Canis aureus, with an annual average loss of 1.2 heads per year (10% of the average herd size), equivalent to 92 US$. Aboi Gara pastoralists considered wolves and jackals to be equally responsible for livestock killings. Households with large herds, closer to Afroalpine habitats, and using Afroalpine pastures for longer periods, reported more predation by wild carnivores. Most respondents (62%) expressed a positive attitude towards Ethiopian wolves, particularly literate people and those with smaller herds. We suggest ways to diminish conflict, including best livestock guarding techniques to lessen the risk of livestock predation by wild carnivores in Afroalpine areas.
RCAT reflects symptom control and quality of life in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis patients
Authors: Liedtke J.‐P. , Mandl A. , Köther J. , Chwieralski J. , Shah‐Hosseini K. , Raskopf E. , Pieper‐Fürst U. , Allekotte S. , Mösges R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) Taskforce has requested more data on correlations between various patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in clinical trials on allergy. We compared three tools—the Rhinitis Control Assessment Test (RCAT), Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) and Rhinitis Total Symptom Score (RTSS)—to determine whether the RCAT alone is a sufficient primary outcome parameter in clinical trials on allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.MethodsIn two double‐blind, placebo‐controlled immunotherapy studies, 33 patients allergic to grass pollen and 94 to birch pollen completed two questionnaires (RCAT and RQLQ) and kept their own symptom diary from which the RTSS was calculated.ResultsUpon comparing RCAT and RQLQ results, we found strong correlations of r = −0.871 for grass pollen–allergic patients and r = −0.795 for birch pollen–allergic patients. The comparison between RCAT and RTSS results showed a strong correlation of r = −0.811 (grass pollen–allergic patients) and a moderate correlation of r = −0.539 (birch pollen–allergic patients). In the RCAT, 69.7% of grass pollen–allergic patients and 45.7% of birch pollen–allergic patients receiving guideline‐concordant therapy were regarded as having insufficiently controlled symptoms.ConclusionThe strong correlations suggest that the RCAT alone is equivalent to the RQLQ with respect to patients' symptom control and quality of life. Patients with uncontrolled symptoms can be identified using the RCAT. Hence, the physician can decide whether symptomatic therapy can be intensified or allergy immunotherapy should be administered.
Identification of alpha‐gal sensitivity in patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic anaphylaxis
Authors: Carter M. C. , Ruiz‐Esteves K. N. , Workman L. , Lieberman P. , Platts‐Mills T. A. E. , Metcalfe D. D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIgE antibodies (Ab) specific to galactose‐α‐1,3‐galactose (alpha‐gal) are responsible for a delayed form of anaphylaxis that occurs 3‐6 hours after red meat ingestion. In a unique prospective study of seventy participants referred with a diagnosis of idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA), six (9%) were found to have IgE to alpha‐gal. Upon institution of a diet free of red meat, all patients had no further episodes of anaphylaxis. Two of these individuals had indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM). Those with ISM had more severe clinical reactions but lower specific IgE to alpha‐gal and higher serum tryptase levels, reflective of the mast cell burden. The identification of alpha‐gal syndrome in patients with IA supports the need for routine screening for this sensitivity as a cause of anaphylaxis, where reactions to alpha‐gal are delayed and thus may be overlooked.
Advanced anterior segment imaging in keratoconus: a review
Authors: Gokul Akilesh , Vellara Hans R , Patel Dipika V 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAdvances in anterior segment imaging have enhanced our ability to detect keratoconus in its early stages and characterize the pathologic changes that occur. Computerized corneal tomography has elucidated the alterations in shape of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces and alterations in thickness as the disease progresses. Automated screening indices such as the keratoconus screening index were developed to assist in detecting keratoconus in suspicious cases. In vivo assessment of keratoconic corneas has revealed that compromised corneal biomechanics can now be measured clinically. Optical coherence tomography has demonstrated alterations in corneal epithelial thickness and distribution in keratoconus, has a role in assessing Descemet's membrane detachment in acute corneal hydrops (ACH) and the depth of the demarcation line following corneal collagen cross‐linking. In vivo confocal microscopy has exhibited cellular changes that occur in keratoconus and provided insight into cellular events that may be related to the development of neovascularization in ACH.
LINC00473 antagonizes the tumour suppressor miR‐195 to mediate the pathogenesis of Wilms tumour via IKKα
Authors: Zhu Shibo , Fu Wen , Zhang Liyu , Fu Kai , Hu Jinhua , Jia Wei , Liu Guochang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesAlthough dramatic improvements of overall survival has achieved in patients with favourable histology Wilms tumour, disease recurrence is still the main cause of cancer‐related death in childhood. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as oncogenes or tumour suppressors are dysregulated during carcinogenesis. However, the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of Wilms tumour is unknown. Here, an lncRNA LINC00473 signature that functioned as oncogene was identified in Wilms tumour.MethodsWilms tumour (n = 15) and relative normal tissues were collected. The LINC00473 expression and function in Wilms tumour was determined. The LncRNA‐miRNA network of LINC00473 was analysed in vitro and vivo.ResultsWe uncovered that the expression of LINC00473 was elevated in tumour tissues than that in relative normal tissues. Higher LINC00473 levels correlated to higher stage and unfavourable histology Wilms tumour. Mechanistically, knockdown of LINC00473 inhibited cell vitality and induced Bcl‐2‐dependent apoptosis and G1/S arrest via CDK2 and cyclin D1. Moreover, LINC00473 harboured binding sites for miR‐195 and limited miR‐195 availability in a dose‐dependent manner. Forced expression of miR‐195 impaired tumour survival and metastasis, which, however, could be restored by LINC00473. Furthermore, IKKα was the downstream of LINC00473/miR‐195 signals and could be directly targeted by miR‐195 to participate LINC00473‐induced tumour progression. Loss‐of‐function of LINC00473 in vivo effectively promoted the regression of Wilms tumour via miR‐195/IKKα‐mediated growth inhibition.ConclusionLINC00473 as an oncogene is up‐regulated to participate into the molecular pathogenesis of Wilms tumour via miR‐195/IKKα.
Soluble major histocompatibility complex molecules in immune regulation: highlighting class II antigens
Authors: Bakela Katerina , Athanassakis Irene 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe involvement of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens in the development and regulation of immune response has been well defined over the years, starting from maturation, antigenic peptide loading, migration to the cell membrane for recognition by the T‐cell receptor and recycling for immune response cessation. During this intracellular trafficking, MHC antigens find a way to be excreted by the cells, because they can be found as soluble MHC class I (sMHC‐I) and class II (sMHC‐II) molecules in all body fluids. Although secretion mechanisms have not been sufficiently studied, sMHC molecules have been shown to display important immunoregulatory properties. Their levels in the serum have been shown to be altered in a variety of diseases, including viral infections, inflammation, autoimmunities and cancer, etc. while they seem to be involved in a number of physiological reactions, including maintenance of tolerance, reproduction, as well as mate choice vis‐à‐vis species evolution. The present review aims to present the thus far existing literature on sMHC molecules and point out the importance of these molecules in the maintenance of immune homeostasis.
The immunogenetics of neurological disease
Authors: Misra Maneesh K. , Damotte Vincent , Hollenbach Jill A. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryGenes encoding antigen‐presenting molecules within the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) account for the highest component of genetic risk for many neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, myasthenia gravis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Myriad genetic, immunological and environmental factors may contribute to an individual's susceptibility to neurological disease. Here, we review and discuss the decades long research on the influence of genetic variation at the MHC locus and the role of immunogenetic killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) loci in neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, myasthenia gravis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The findings of immunogenetic association studies are consistent with a polygenic model of inheritance in the heterogeneous and multifactorial nature of complex traits in various neurological diseases. Future investigation is highly recommended to evaluate both coding and non‐coding variation in immunogenetic loci using high‐throughput high‐resolution next‐generation sequencing technologies in diverse ethnic groups to fully appreciate their role in neurological diseases.
Growing into teen fatherhood: a grounded theory study
Authors: Uengwongsapat C. , Kantaruksa K. , Klunklin A. , Sansiriphun N. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundBecoming an adolescent father is a significant and critical life event. Expectant fathers are faced with a concurrent dual developmental crisis: being an adolescent and becoming a father. This transition has a tremendous impact on these adolescents, their families and society. The impact on these individuals and society does not, at this point, seem to be clearly understood.PurposeTo explore the process of Thai adolescents becoming first‐time fathers with an unplanned pregnancy during their girlfriend's pregnancy.MethodsA grounded theory approach was used, drawing upon semi‐structured interviews with 16 expectant fathers in Chiang Mai, Thailand.Findings‘Growing into teen fatherhood’ was the basic social process that emerged as the core category. These fathers used this process for developing themselves to fatherhood. This process was further divided into three phases: enduring the conflict of future role, accepting impending fatherhood and developing a sense of being teen expectant father. Throughout this process, the participants encountered many conflicts and challenges. They employed various strategies to manage the emotional, financial and interpersonal challenges they faced during the transition to fatherhood.ConclusionThis study provides data as well as anecdotal evidence for healthcare professionals to better understand adolescent fathers and their unique challenges during their girlfriend's pregnancy. A better understanding of these rich findings will enable healthcare professionals to assist young men and boys in their struggle to transition to fatherhood.Implications for nursing policyOur data may guide policymakers in developing support groups, effective mentoring programs and national follow‐up services as standard services in hospitals’ care for first‐time adolescent fathers in Thailand.
The external phenotype–skeleton link in post‐hatch farmed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: De Clercq A , Perrott M R , Davie P S , Preece M A , Huysseune A , Witten P E 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSkeletal deformities in farmed fish are a recurrent problem. External malformations are easily recognized, but there is little information on how external malformations relate to malformations of the axial skeleton: the external phenotype–skeleton link. Here, this link is studied in post‐hatch to first‐feed life stages of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) raised at 4, 8 and 12°C. Specimens were whole‐mount‐stained for cartilage and bone, and analysed by histology. In all temperature groups, externally normal specimens can have internal malformations, predominantly fused vertebral centra. Conversely, externally malformed fish usually display internal malformations. Externally curled animals typically have malformed haemal and neural arches. External malformations affecting a single region (tail malformation and bent neck) relate to malformed notochords and early fusion of fused vertebral centra. The frequencies of internal malformations in both externally normal and malformed specimens show a U‐shaped response, with lowest frequency in 8°C specimens. The fused vertebral centra that occur in externally normal specimens represent a malformation that can be contained and could be carried through into harvest size animals. This study highlights the relationship between external phenotype and axial skeleton and may help to set the framework for the early identification of skeletal malformations on fish farms.
Low fermentable oligo‐di‐mono‐saccharides and polyols diet versus general dietary advice in patients with diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zahedi Mohammad Javad , Behrouz Vahideh , Azimi Maryam 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground and AimRecent evidence indicates that new approach of the diet with low fermentable oligo‐di‐mono‐saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) may have an effective role in management of the patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We compared the results of low FODMAP diet with current dietary treatment, general dietary advices (GDA), on the clinical response in patients with diarrhea subtype of IBS (IBS‐D).MethodsIn this randomized, controlled, single‐blind trial, we included 110 patients with IBS‐D in two intervention groups. Participants were randomly assigned to the low FODMAP diet (n = 55) and GDA (n = 55) for 6 weeks after a 10‐day screening period. Gastrointestinal symptoms and bowel habit status were evaluated using a symptom severity scoring system and Bristol stool form scale pre‐intervention and post‐intervention. Patients completed 3‐day food diary before and after the intervention.ResultsOf 110 patients, 101 completed the dietary interventions. At the baseline, the nutrient intake, severity of symptoms, and demographic data were similar between two groups. After 6 weeks, the low FODMAP diet improves significantly overall gastrointestinal symptoms scores, stool frequency, and consistency versus GDA group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.003, respectively). Compared with the baseline, both intervention groups expressed a significant reduction in overall scores of symptom severity scoring system, abdominal pain, distension, consistency, and frequency, but this reduction is greater in low FODMAP diet group.ConclusionsBoth low FODMAP diet and GDA in patients with IBS‐D led to adequate improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms for 6 weeks. However, the low FODMAP diet has greater benefits in IBS improvement.
Barriers to adopting a Mediterranean diet in Northern European adults at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease
Authors: Moore S. E. , McEvoy C. T. , Prior L. , Lawton J. , Patterson C. C. , Kee F. , Cupples M. , Young I. S. , Appleton K. , McKinley M. C. , Woodside J. V. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundStrong evidence links the consumption of a Mediterranean diet (MD) with a reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; however, there is uncertainty as to whether non‐Mediterranean regions will adopt this diet. The present qualitative research aimed to investigate attitudes towards a MD in individuals at high CVD risk in a Northern European population. This information is needed to inform development of MD interventions in non‐Mediterranean high‐risk populations.MethodsFocus groups (n = 12) were held with individuals at high CVD risk from Northern Europe (≥2 CVD risk factors, aged ≥50 years, no established CVD/type 2 diabetes). Attitudes to dietary change towards a MD were explored. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsSixty‐seven adults participated (60% female, mean age 64 years). There was some awareness of the term MD but limited knowledge of its composition. Barriers to general dietary change were evident, including perception of expense, concern over availability, expectation of time commitment, limited knowledge, lack of cooking skills, amount and conflicting nature of media information on diets, changing established eating habits and resistance to dietary change. Barriers specific to MD adoption were also identified, including perceived difficulty living in a colder climate, perceived impact on body weight, acceptability of a MD and cultural differences.ConclusionsKnowledge of a MD was limited in this Northern European sample at high CVD risk. In addition to general barriers to dietary change, barriers specific to a MD were identified. These findings have implications for the development of interventions aiming to promote MD adoption in non‐Mediterranean populations.
Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Clinical Considerations for Women
Authors: Marraccini Marisa E. , Weyandt Lisa L. , Gudmundsdottir Bergljot Gyda , Oster Danielle R. , McCallum Alison 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAttention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention. Women with ADHD represent a particularly vulnerable group, given their increased risk for psychosocial and parenting difficulties. Women's health care clinicians should expect to encounter women with diagnosed and undiagnosed ADHD that may or may not be treated. Pharmacologic intervention, namely, prescription stimulants, is an important consideration for pregnant and breastfeeding women with ADHD, especially because the US Food and Drug Administration has determined that there is not enough information to confirm either harm or lack of harm to the developing fetus following exposure to these drugs. Due to the increase in use of prescription stimulants without a prescription, clinicians are also likely to encounter women misusing stimulants for a variety of reasons. This article provides an overview of ADHD diagnosis, outlines effective treatment options, and offers insight into the importance for clinicians to consider prescription stimulant misuse. Guidance concerning treatment of ADHD during pregnancy and lactation is reviewed.