bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Анализ экономической мысли Запада в «Китайском экономическом учении» Чан Кайши
Authors: Борох О.Н. 
Published: October 2024

В статье исследуется книга Чан Кайши «Китайское экономическое учение» в контексте истории экономической мысли Китая 1940‑х годов. Обоснованию необходимости участия государства в экономике ради обеспечения народного благосостояния служили сопоставления китайской мысли с экономической наукой Запада. Популярность перевода на английский язык, истолковавшего содержание книги как отражение фашистских и феодальных устремлений китайского лидера, долгое время препятствовала ее объективной оценке. На основании изучения первоисточника были выявлены основные направления сравнения экономических идей Китая и Запада: акцент на целом или на индивиде, человеческие желания либо рациональность как исходная точка построения теории. Критика в адрес марксизма и западного либерализма была дополнена указанием на соответствие критериям китайского экономического учения западных поисков в сфере экономики благосостояния (Веблен, Уорд, Гобсон), способной выйти за рамки теории ценности и возвыситься над стремлением к прибыли. Обсуждавшие в 1944 г. «Китайское экономическое учение» экономисты призвали сделать выбор между экономической наукой и политикой, исправить трактовки западных экономических концепций, и даже отказаться от дальнейшего переиздания книги. Продемонстрировано, что работа Чан Кайши стала частью поиска пути создания китайской экономической науки с учетом национальной специфики и культурной традиции. Современные усилия, направленные на построение «экономической науки с китайской спецификой», подтверждают, что использование традиционной терминологии затрудняет интернационализацию китай‑ ских экономических идей.
The paper examines Chiang Kai‑shek’s book “Chinese Economic Teaching” in the context of the history of Chinese economic thought of the 1940s. The need for state participation in the economy for ensuring people’s livelihood was substantiated by comparisons of Chinese thought with Western economic science. The popularity of the English translation, which interpreted the contents of the book as a reflection of the “fascist” and “feudal” aspirations of the Chinese leader, long prevented its objective assessment. Based on the study of the primary source, the main directions for comparing the economic ideas of China and the West were identified: an emphasis on the whole or on the individual, human wants or rationality as the starting point for constructing a theory. Criticism of Marxism and Western liberalism was supplemented by indicating that the criteria of Chinese economic teaching correspond to Western searches in the field of welfare economics (Veblen, Ward, Hobson), capable of going beyond the theory of value and the profit‑seeking. It is demonstrated that Chiang Kai‑shek’s book became part of the search for a way to construct Chinese economic science taking into account national specifics and cultural traditions. Contemporary efforts to build “economics with Chinese characteristics” confirm that the use of traditional terminology makes difficult to internationalize Chinese economic ideas.
Теоретическое измерение экономического суверенитета
Authors: Афонцев С.А. 
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются проблемы и перспективы концептуализации понятия экономического суверенитета в рамках современной экономической науки. Рассмотрены четыре направления исследований экономического суверенитета, опирающиеся на его интерпретацию как вклада экономических факторов в обеспечение национального суверенитета; автономии национальной экономической политики; самостоятельности в достижении целей экономического развития («суверенное раз- витие»); а также возможности успешного противостояния негативным внешним шокам (торговые войны и экономические санкции). Показано, что для соответствующих исследовательских направлений характерен разный уровень теоретической и аналитической разработок проблемного поля. В настоящее время приходится констатировать, что прочный теоретический базис для анализа экономического суверенитета отсутствует. Его отдельные фрагменты уже существуют (особенно в сфере изучения автономии националь- ной экономической политики), однако речь идет именно о фрагментах, а не об интегрированной концептуальной платформе. Наибольшие надежды связаны с развитием теоретических основ изучения техно- логического суверенитета, хотя степень воплощения этих надежд в реальность будет в решающей мере зависеть от готовности исследователей выйти за пределы круга чисто прикладных проблем и подняться на уровень концептуальных обобщений.
The article addresses the problems and prospects associated with the introduction of economic sovereignty notion to economic research. Four directions of such an introduction are identified focusing on such aspects as contribution of economic factors to maintaining national sovereignty; autonomy of economic policy; self-reliance in key aspects of economic development; and economic sustainability to negative external shocks like trade wars and sanctions. These research fields are shown to be characterized by unequal quality of theoretical and analytical achievements. At the moment, integrated theoretical basis for research in economic sovereignty is lacking, although some noteworthy conceptual developments can be traced in studies of factors affecting the degree of autonomy of national governments in economic policy decision making. The largest potential for ‘conceptual breakthrough’ is concentrated in technological sovereignty studies. To exploit this potential, however, economists should go beyond applied research and routine analytics to start a quest for appropriate theoretical generalizations.
Технологический суверенитет — новый вектор научно- технологической политики России
Authors: Ленчук Е.Б. 
Published: October 2024

В статье акцентируется внимание на проблемах технологической суверенизации, которая в современных геополитических условиях становится характерной чертой научно-технологической политики многих стран, как технологических лидеров, так и стран, заимствующих технологии, при этом ее причины и целевые установки различаются. Обосновывается объективная необходимость обеспечения технологической суверенизации для России, которая определяется сложившейся высокой степенью зависимости от импорта в технологической сфере, превращающейся в условиях жестких внешних ограничений в преграду для дальнейшего развития страны. Анализируются основные подходы к обеспечению технологического суверенитета страны в рамках проводимой научно-технологической политики страны, закрепленные в нормативно-правовых документах федерального уровня, вскрываются их недостатки и противоречия. Предлагаются основные направления ее совершенствования. Особое внимание отводится проблеме целеполагания научно-технологического развития и его увязки с общими стратегическими целями экономической политики, на основе которых должна быть сформирована критическая масса про- ектов технологического суверенитета и выстроен организационный контур научно-технологического развития.
The article focuses on the problems of technological sovereignty, which in modern geopolitical conditions is becoming a characteristic feature of the scientific and technological policy of many countries, both technological leaders and technologies borrowing countries, since its causes and targets differ. The objective necessity of ensuring technological sovereignty for Russia is substantiated, which is determined by the existing high degree of import dependence in the technological sphere, which is becoming an obstacle to further economic development in the context of severe external restrictions. The main approaches to ensuring the technological sovereignty of the country within the framework of the country’s scientific and technological policy, enshrined in regulatory documents at the federal level, are analyzed, their shortcomings and contradictions are revealed. The directions of its improvement are proposed, while special attention is paid to the problem of goal-setting of scientific and technological development and its alignment with the general strategic goals of economic policy, on the basis of which a critical mass of technological sovereignty projects should be created and an organizational contour of scientific and technological development should be built.
Технологический суверенитет: концептуальные подходы и восприятие российскими академическими экспертами
Authors: Капогузов Е.А. , Пахалов А.М. 
Published: October 2024

В статье обсуждается проблематика технологического суверенитета как концепции, сопровождающей технологическое развитие страны. Рассмотрена эволюция идеологем развития от импортозамещения к технологическому развитию в общественно-политическом и академическом дис- курсе. На основе систематического обзора научной литературы проанализированы академические дискурсы исследований технологического суверенитета в отечественной и зарубежной (прежде всего евро- пейской) литературе. Показано, что как в России, так и в странах Евросоюза в последние три года резко выросло число исследований феномена технологического суверенитета, при этом значительная часть этих исследований нацелена на выработку адекватного определения технологического суверенитета. На основе проведенных авторами экспертных интервью с представителями российского академического сообщества представлены элементы восприятия содержания концепции технологического суверенитета отечественными экспертами, в частности, выделены ключевые нарративы как его сущности, так и механизмов обеспечения. Российские эксперты отмечают многообразие трактовок технологического суверенитета и некоторые внутренние противоречия этого понятия.
The article discusses the problems of technological sovereignty as a concept accompanying the technological development of the country. The evolution of development ideologemes from import substitution to technological development in socio-political and academic discourse is considered. Based on a systematic review of scientific literature, academic discourses on technological sovereignty studies in domestic and foreign (primarily European) literature are analyzed. It is shown that both in Russia and in the EU countries, the number of studies on the phenomenon of technological sovereignty increased considerably in the last three years, with a significant part of these studies aimed at developing an adequate definition of technological sovereignty. Based on expert interviews conducted by the authors with the representatives of the Russian academic community, elements of the perception of the essence of the concept of technological sovereignty by the domestic experts are presented; in particular, key narratives of both its essence and mechanisms of provision are highlighted. Russian experts note the diversity of interpretations of technological sovereignty and some internal contradictions of this concept.
Європа як відображення світоглядних традицій та сучасних уявлень (Історико-географічний аспект)
Authors: Гудзевич Анатолій , Романюк Іван 
Published: October 2024

Стаття присвячена проблемним питанням світоглядної орієнтації у зв’язку з потребою персоніфікації позиціонування Європи як частини світу. Для встановлення означеної проблематики застосовано низку методів − ретроспективний, хронологічний, періодизації, порівняльно-історичний та інші. Вперше встановлені та нанесені на карту кордони Європи, на тлі інших частин світу, забезпечують: цілісність та «образність», служать основою для розрізнення історико-географічних середовищ планети рівня «частини світу», уможливлюють єдність підходів вчених і практиків (географів, істориків, геологів, культурологів, політиків та ін.). Зокрема, використання Європи, як географічної проекції на земну поверхню, закладає передумови для узгодженого, стандартного групування країн за регіонами з чітким територіальним охопленням і характеристиками (площа, відстань тощо) насамперед у науково-освітній сфері.
Skynet Astromancer Suite: Gravitymancer
Authors: Selph Logan , Keohane Michael , Torian John , Reichart Daniel , Moffett David , Keohane Jonathan 
Published: October 2024

The Gravitymancer processing tool within Skynet’s Astromancer suite opens a unique window for students of introductory astronomy courses to explore the most powerful events observed in our Universe – the merger of binary neutron-star systems and black-hole systems. These merger events produce short-lived bursts of gravitational radiation, as observed by one or more of the following gravitational-wave observatories: LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA. Students can use Gravitymancer to load and interpret the archival event data, finding useful properties like the total mass and mass ratio of the binary system, distance, and inclination angle. While on the surface, students can interpret gravitational-wave events with an easy-to-use GUI, we present here the complex processing utilized to make this tool work.
Creating window applications in Python using the PyQt5 library tools
Authors: Alekseevets A. D. , Zavodchikova N. I. 
Published: October 2024

The section "Programming" at the advanced level of studying the informatics course in high school includes consideration of issues related to the design of the user interface. If the study of the basics of programming is carried out using the Python language, it is reasonable to develop window applications using this language. Recently, the PyQt library has become increasingly popular, which makes it relevant to create methodological materials to familiarize schoolchildren with the capabilities of this library.It is advisable to carry out training in accordance with the reverse engineering technology, which consists in the fact that students do not write program code from scratch, but explore the finished product. At the first stage, you can organize the activities of schoolchildren by completing tasks to study the finished program; at the next step, offer to analyze the appearance of the finished application, highlight its elements and select tools for their creation; finally, provide additional tasks that involve independent study by students of the class features not considered earlier.The article offers reference material for familiarizing schoolchildren with the main capabilities of the library, tasks for lab sessions and home assignment.
To the Root of the Problem: Preventing Excess Copper Waste and Remediation, by Targeted Treatment of Downy Mildew in Grape Crops (Second Report, 2021)
Authors: Sabatinos Sarah , Rappaport Daniel 
Published: October 2024

<p>Grapes are an important Canadian crop. Canadian winemaking industries rely on grape growers. However, grape crops are threatened by a mould that causes downy mildew. This disease spreads onto grape leaves and if left untreated can kill much of the plant. The grape fruit becomes covered in a dense carpet of mould tissue, and the crop is spoiled and lost. Not just a Canadian problem, downy mildew has become an agricultural concern for vineyards world-wide. Global warming is expected to make the incidence and impact of downy mildew worse. A good treatment is copper sulfate, which is sprayed onto grape plants early in the season to suppress downy mildew growth. However, copper is a toxic element that accumulates in the environment and may impact both the vineyard ecosystem and connected environments. CleanForm Science CA is a Canadian company that wants to reduce the impact of downy mildew, preventing loss of crops, and protecting economic investments. The Sabatinos lab at Ryerson University partners with CleanForm Science CA to develop a new testing kit for downy mildew that will help target new treatments.</p>
<p><strong>Confidential report for industrial partner Clean Form CA.</strong></p>
<p><strong>Second report 2021. </strong></p>
Effect of police enforcement and extreme social inequalities on violence and mental health among women who sell sex: findings from a cohort study in London, UK
Authors: Grenfell Pippa , Elmes Jocelyn , Stuart Rachel , Eastham Janet , Walker Josephine , Browne Chrissy , Henham Carolyn , Blanco M Paz Hernandez , Hill Kathleen , Rutsito Sibongile , O’Neill Maggie , Sarker MD , Creighton Sarah , Vickerman Peter , Boily Marie-Claude , Platt Lucy 
Published: October 2024

Objectives
To examine legal and social determinants of violence, anxiety/depression among sex workers.

Methods
A participatory prospective cohort study among women (inclusive of transgender) ≥18 years, selling sex in the last 3 months in London between 2018 and 2019. We used logistic generalised estimating equation models to measure associations between structural factors on recent (6 months) violence from clients or others (local residents, strangers), depression/anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire-4).

Results
197 sex workers were recruited (96% cisgender-women; 46% street-based; 54% off-street) and 60% completed a follow-up questionnaire. Street-based sex workers experienced greater inequalities compared with off-street in relation to recent violence from clients (73% vs 36%); police (42% vs 7%); intimate partner violence (IPV) (56% vs 18%) and others (67% vs 17%), as well as homelessness (65% vs 7%) and recent law enforcement (87% vs 9%). Prevalence of any STI was 17.5% (17/97). For street-based sex workers, recent arrest was associated with violence from others (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.77; 95% CI 1.11 to 6.94) and displacement by police was associated with client violence (aOR 4.35; 95% CI 1.36 to 13.90). Financial difficulties were also associated with client violence (aOR 4.66; 95% CI 1.64 to 13.24). Disability (aOR 3.85; 95% CI 1.49 to 9.95) and client violence (aOR 2.55; 95% CI 1.10 to 5.91) were associated with anxiety/depression. For off-street sex workers, financial difficulties (aOR 3.66; 95% CI 1.64 to 8.18), unstable residency (aOR 3.19; 95% CI 1.36 to 7.49), IPV (aOR 3.77; 95% CI 1.30 to 11.00) and alcohol/drug use were associated with client violence (aOR 3.16; 95% CI 1.26 to 7.92), while always screening and refusing clients was protective (aOR 0.36; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.87). Disability (aOR 5.83; 95% CI 2.34 to 14.51), unmet mental health needs (aOR 3.08; 95% CI 1.15 to 8.23) and past eviction (aOR 3.99; 95% CI 1.23 to 12.92) were associated with anxiety/depression.

Conclusions
Violence, anxiety/depression are linked to poverty, unstable housing and police enforcement. We need to modify laws to allow sex workers to work safely and increase availability of housing and mental health services.
Failure Mechanism and Control Technology of the Primary Support for Asymmetric Deformation Disaster of Deep Tunnel
Authors: Zhang Peng , Li Pan 
Published: October 2024

Asymmetric large deformation disasters inevitably occur when highway tunnels cross active fault zones. Relying on the Nanlangshan No.1 Tunnel Project, the mechanism of asymmetric deformation is analyzed based on the in-situ engineering geology and tunnel monitoring data, and numerical calculations are used for verification. Based on the results of asymmetric large deformation disaster analysis, the control scheme of double-layer primary support is proposed, and the design is optimized with numerical calculation before engineering practice. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The original primary support program cannot withstand the asymmetric surrounding rock pressure, and the slip of the weak interlayer in the engineering geology is the main reason for the asymmetric deformation disaster in the tunnel. 2. According to the results of the numerical calculations, the tilted weak interlayer greatly reduces the stability of the surrounding rock, which leads to the local bending damage in the left shoulder of the tunnel, and the local shear deformation damage in the right arch girdle. 3. When using the double-layer primary support program, the appropriate delay of support timing for the second layer of primary support can effectively decrease the tunnel asymmetric deformation. However, if the second layer of primary support lag distance is too large, it will also lead to tunnel deformation convergence larger, or support failure and other issues. So, it is recommended that the second layer of primary support lags behind the first layer of primary support by 2 m to be applied.
Social anxiety and resilience among undergraduate medical students in Kolkata: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Saha Sanjay Kumar , Pal Partha Pratim , Barman Neepamanjari , Basu Mausumi , Pattanayak Shalini , Kerketta Prince 
Published: October 2024

Background: Social anxiety disorder, or social phobia, involves an uncontrollable fear of social situations, exacerbating stress and hindering academic performance. Building resilience is crucial as it helps individuals cope with and recover from stress effectively. This study aimed to assess social anxiety and resilience among undergraduate medical students at a tertiary care institute in Kolkata and to identify any associated sociodemographic factors.
Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted from April to June 2022 among 200 undergraduate medical students of Phase-I of Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery. Quantitative data were collected via electronic method (Google Forms). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine relation between sociodemographic characteristics, social anxiety, and resilience. The qualitative component consisted of in-depth interviews with 12 purposively selected participants and was thematically analysed.
Results: Most (80.0%) participants were aged between 17 and 20 years, and 63.7% were from urban residences. Social anxiety was prevalent in almost 78% of participants, while only 2.1% exhibited ‘high’ resilience. Students whose mothers had received primary education and less monthly pocket money had significantly higher odds of experiencing social anxiety. Qualitative findings revealed themes such as fear of judgment, avoidance of social situations, and impacts on academic performance, with coping mechanisms including seeking social support and practicing mindfulness.
Conclusion: Most of the participants experienced social anxiety, with few displaying high resilience. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive mental health support systems within medical institutions.
PELATIHAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN UMKM DESA WIBAWAMULYA
Authors: Nurfaizi Rizky , Pangestuti Rinda Siaga , Qintharah Yuha Nadhirah 
Published: October 2024

Entrepreneurship training is training that can train participants in stages to have entrepreneurial and business competencies, train entrepreneurs and the business world, train entrepreneurs to be able to act in establishing a viable business by taking advantage of the opportunities that exist at a certain time. And in certain fields as well as developing human resources capable of creating jobs for themselves and others in accordance with development demands with the aim of creating motivation for participants so that they can improve quality and quantity. An entrepeneur has a role both internally, entrepreuner play a role in reducing the level of dependence on other people, increasing self-confidence and increasing the purchasing power of the perpetrator. Externally, an entrepreuner plays a role in providing job opportunities for job opportunities for seekers. By attacting the workforce through job opportunities provided by entrepreneurs, the national unemployment rate can be reduced. Training can also make Human Resources more critical, creative and have additional skills. Skills are an important component needed in various areas of life. These 21st century skills are life and career skills, learning and innovation skills, and media and information technology skills