bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Panic Attacks and Their Relation to Psychological and Physical Functioning in Canadians: Results from a Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Kinley D Jolene , Cox Brian J , Clara Ian , Goodwin Renee D , Sareen Jitender 
Published: January 2017

Objective: US-based studies have suggested that panic attacks (PA) are common and associated with an increased prevalence of mental disorders and poorer quality of life, and may be a marker of severe psychopathology. Using a population-based survey with a greater sample size than has been previously used, we sought to determine the prevalence rates and correlates of PAs among Canadians aged 15 years and older. Method: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition classification was used to determine the past-year prevalence of PAs in the Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-Being ( n = 36 984, aged 15 and older, response rate = 77%). Psychological and physical function variables were compared among people with PAs, with panic disorder (PD), and without PAs. Results: The prevalence of past-year PAs was 6.4%. Compared to people without PAs, those with PAs had poorer overall functioning for disability, mental disorders, suicidal ideation, psychological distress, restriction of activity, chronic physical conditions, psychological well-being, and self-rated physical and mental health. PD was associated with poorer overall functioning than PAs for numerous variables; however, there were no significant differences between these 2 panic groups for several other variables. Conclusions: Though associated with less severe impairment than PD in some domains, PAs are associated with mental health problems and reduced overall psychological and physical functioning and may be an indicator of more severe psychopathology.
A Systematic Review of Cognitive Deficits in Homeless Adults: Implications for Service Delivery
Authors: Burra Tara A , Stergiopoulos Vicky , Rourke Sean B 
Published: January 2017

Objective: The primary goals of this systematic review were to assess studies of homeless adults and cognitive functioning, and to explore the clinical implications and potential impacts on social functioning of these cognitive deficits. Method: The MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, ERIC, Social Sciences Abstracts, Social Sciences Citation Index, Social Services Abstracts, and Sociological Abstracts databases were searched from 1970 (or their inception) to October 2007. Abstracts from 582 studies were screened and 22 studies were found to meet inclusion criteria (published in the English language, reported results of neuropsychological tests, or screening tests for cognitive dysfunction in homeless people aged 18 years or older). Two investigators independently reviewed each study and rated its quality based on well-defined criteria. Results: Ten studies were of good or fair quality. Studies that administered the Mini Mental State Examination indicate about 4% to 7% of homeless people exhibit global cognitive deficits. Focal deficits in verbal and visual memory, attention, speed of cognitive processing, and executive function were also apparent. No studies of the functional implications of cognitive deficits were found. Conclusions: Cognitive deficits in homeless people likely have a significant mediating impact on the effectiveness of skills training and rehabilitation programs. Clinicians should be cognizant that cognitive deficits probably impair homeless patients' ability to maintain housing stability and follow treatment recommendations. Implications for housing options and health service delivery should also be considered. Research is lacking on interventions to improve cognitive functioning in the homeless.
Dimensions of Personality: Clinicians' Perspectives
Authors: Mullins-Sweatt Stephanie N , Smit Vera , Verheul Roel , Oldham John , Widiger Thomas A 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To obtain the opinions and preferences of practising clinicians about the clinical utility of personality scales included within 8 alternative dimensional models of personality disorder for inclusion within an official diagnostic nomenclature. Method: Psychiatrists ( n = 226) and psychologists ( n = 164) from 2 continents provided clinical utility ratings on personality scales organized from 8 alternative dimensional models of personality disorder. Results: The psychiatrists and the psychologists supported the inclusion of most of the scales from all 8 of the models that were compared. Normal personality traits were endorsed, although abnormal personality traits generally received higher levels of endorsement. The list of endorsed traits was reduced further by organizing the scales into groups based on redundancy within each of 5 broad domains and then selecting within each group the scale that received the highest rating. Conclusions: This list appears to represent each domain in a manner that is comprehensive both in its coverage of the respective domain, as well as in representing particular strengths of each of the alternative dimensional models, at least for the stated preferences of psychiatrists and psychologists.
Les complications obstétricales et les comportements d'agression physique avant l'âge de 2 ans
Authors: Baillargeon Raymond H , Thibodeau Élise , Lefebvre Francine , Jeyaganth Suganthiny 
Published: January 2017

Objectif: Déterminer si les nourrissons qui ont souffert de complications obstétricales (CO) ont davantage tendance à manifester de façon fréquente des comportements d'agression physique avant l'âge de 2 ans et cela, indépendamment ou non du sexe du nourrisson et du revenu familial. Un autre objectif était d'expliquer, du moins en partie, les différences sexuelles qu'on retrouve dans certains de ces comportements à l'aide des CO. Méthode: Les données provenaient de l'Étude longitudinale du développement des enfants du Québec. Les CO ont été mesurées par les scores d'Apgar (< 7) à 1 minute après la naissance. Le niveau de suffisance du revenu familial — suffisant ou non — a été mesuré quand l'enfant avait environ 5 mois. Douze comportements d'agression physique, d'opposition-défiance et d'hyperactivité ont été mesurés quand les enfants avaient environ 17 mois. Les données pondérées ont été analysées à partir de modèles log-linéaires hiérarchiques. Résultats: Les résultats suggèrent que les nourrissons qui présentent un Apgar inférieur à 7 après la naissance sont en général plus susceptibles de manifester de façon fréquente certains comportements agressifs à 17 mois, et cela, indépendamment du sexe du nourrisson et du revenu familial. De plus, ces résultats suggèrent qu'il est possible d'expliquer la propension plus marquée des garçons à manifester de façon fréquente certains comportements agressifs à 17 mois à l'aide des CO. Conclusions: Contrairement à certaines hypothèses, il s'avère qu'indépendamment du statut socio-économique, les CO ont un effet sur les comportements agressifs avant l'âge de 2 ans.
Changes in Treated Incidence of Borderline Personality Disorder in Denmark: 1970–2009
Authors: Clemmensen Lene Maria Ørts , Jensen Signe Olrik Wallenstein , Zanarini Mary C , Skadhede Søren , Munk-Jørgensen Povl 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: To investigate whether there are any trends in treated incidence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in Danish psychiatric hospitals based on different diagnostic systems from 1970 to 2009. Methods: All patients diagnosed with BPD for the first time as a main or an auxiliary diagnosis treated in in- or outpatient facilities in Danish psychiatric hospitals were identified through the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register. Age-standardized, sex-specific, and standardized rates were calculated for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Eighth Revision, diagnostic period from 1970 to 1993 and the ICD-10 diagnostic period from 1994 to 2009. Results: The incidence for BPD in females as a main or an auxiliary diagnosis increased linearly from 1970 to 2009 (β = 0.69 per 100 000 per year [95% CI 0.66 to 0.73]). The rates for males also increased linearly from 1970 to 1993 (β = 0.37 [95% CI 0.30 to 0.43]) followed by a linearly decrease (β = −0.22 [95% CI −0.29 to −0.15]) in the ICD-10 period from 1994 to 2009. The increase in females with BPD after the mid-1990s is smaller when controlling for outpatients mandatorily registered from 1995. Conclusion: The lack of defined criteria for BPD in ICD-8 may have been interpreted broadly to mean Kernberg's overarching concept of borderline personality organization, resulting in similar rates for males and females. However, in ICD-10, clinicians using the more narrow criteria for emotionally unstable personality disorder (borderline type), tended to diagnose BPD more commonly in women. These results suggest the importance of using specific criteria in diagnosing. They also suggest the importance of stability in the diagnostic criteria for BPD and other disorders. Changements de l'incidence traitée du trouble de la personnalité limite au Danemark: 1970–2009
Profiles of Patients Admitted to a Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit: Secluded with or without Restraint
Authors: Goulet Marie-Hélène , Larue Caroline , Stafford Marie-Christine , Dumais Alexandre 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To identify and describe the profiles of patients admitted to a psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU) as they relate to seclusion and restraint. Method: Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and cluster analysis were performed with data for 114 patients admitted to a PICU from June 8, 2010, to June 7, 2011. Results: The MCA revealed that the presence or absence of seclusion and restraint was the main factor explaining the variance. Admitted patients fall into 5 profiles, 2 of which are significantly associated with seclusion and restraint: young psychotic men and women with bipolar disorder. Conclusions: The differentiation of patient profiles as they relate to seclusion and restraint should lead to the development of profile-specific interventions before, during, and after seclusion and restraint.
Validation of a French Version of the Dissociative Experiences Scale in a Rape-Victim Population
Authors: Darves-Bornoz Jean-Michel , Degiovanni Andrée , Gaillard Philippe 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To appreciate the extent and the features of dissociation in a hypothesized highly dissociated population, rape trauma victims, while assessing construct validity and internal consistency of a French version of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), a simple screening instrument for dissociative symptoms. Methods: One hundred and forty rape victims (mean age 23. 6 years, 9% male) consecutively attending a Consultation for Victims of Psychological Trauma at the university hospital in Tours, France, were assessed through a French version of the 28-item self-rated DES. Results: The mean score (24.1) was high, and 33% of the scores exceeded a threshold set at 30. The Principal Components Analysis of the DES ratings yielded a 3-factor solution: depersonalization-derealization, amnestic fragmentation of identity, and absorption-imaginative involvement. DES reliability was studied through computation of Cronbach 's α coefficient (0.94). Conclusion: During validation of a French version of the DES, the study showed that dissociation is considerably linked to rape-trauma victim populations.
Calcium Channel Blockers in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Hollister Leo E , Trevino Enrique Sergio Garza 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: To review the published literature of the past 15 years regarding use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) in psychiatric practice. These drugs, especially verapamil, have been recommended as possible treatments for mania and other disorders. Methods: The Cumulative Medical Index and other databases were searched and back-tracked to locate relevant articles. Sixty-one such articles were uncovered: 37 anecdotal reports, 7 partially controlled reports, and 17 controlled trials. Results: Most studies involved treatment of mania using verapamil. Although anecdotal reports were generally favourable, results from partially controlled reports or controlled clinical trials were mixed. Generally, verapamil was less effective than was lithium or placebo. Treatment of depression with CCBs was not very successful, regardless of the type of trial; the best trial was negative. The same was true for the treatment of schizophrenia, although the cases studied were extremely chronic and treatment-resistant. Evidence for efficacy in other illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease or tardive dyskinesia was scanty but suggested that further trials might be in order. Conclusions: CCBs do not at present have an established place in psychiatric treatment. Nonetheless, clinicians faced with a manic patient not responsive to other antimanic drugs, either alone or in combination, might consider adding verapamil as an adjunct. A study bearing on this specific issue is needed to determine whether or not such off-label use would really be justified.
Suicide in the Montreal Subway System: Characteristics of the Victims, Antecedents, and Implications for Prevention
Authors: Mishara Brian L 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To understand the characteristics of persons who commit suicide in the Montreal subway system (the Montreal Metro), their personal and psychiatric histories, and the nature of the event in order to develop better prevention strategies. Method: Systematic analysis of coroner's office investigations of the 129 suicides in the Montreal Metro from 1986 to 1996. Results: Of the 129 people who committed suicide, 81% had expressed a prior suicidal intention, 66% had previously attempted suicide, and 9% had attempted suicide in the metro. One hundred and five of the victims had serious mental health problems, most frequently depression; 73% had had inpatient psychiatric treatment, and at the time of death, 27% resided in a mental health treatment institution. Recent adverse life events included failed relationships, work problems, and family difficulties. Conclusions: Suicide victims intentionally go to the metro to kill themselves, often tell others beforehand, and are generally in treatment for serious psychiatric problems. Possible prevention strategies include modification of the environment and procedures in the metro, changing public conceptions of metro suicides, and modifying practice in psychiatric facilities.
Measuring the Processes of Change From the Transtheoretical Model for Physical Activity and Exercise in Overweight and Obese Adults
Authors: Romain Ahmed Jerôme , Bernard Paquito , Hokayem Marie , Gernigon Christophe , Avignon Antoine 
Published: January 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to test three factorial structures conceptualizing the processes of change (POC) from the transtheoretical model and to examine the relationships between the POC and stages of change (SOC) among overweight and obese adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: This study was conducted at the University Hospital of Montpellier, France. Subjects: A sample of 289 overweight or obese participants (199 women) was enrolled in the study. Measures: Participants completed the POC and SOC questionnaires during a 5-day hospitalization for weight management. Analysis: Structural equation modeling was used to compare the different factorial structures. Results: The unweighted least-squares method was used to identify the best-fit indices for the five fully correlated model (goodness-of-fit statistic = .96; adjusted goodness-of-fit statistic = .95; standardized root mean residual = .062; normed-fit index = .95; parsimonious normed-fit index = .83; parsimonious goodness-of-fit statistic = .78). The multivariate analysis of variance was significant ( p < .001). A post hoc test showed that individuals in advanced SOC used more of both experiential and behavioral POC than those in preaction stages, with effect sizes ranging from .06 to .29. Conclusion: This study supports the validity of the factorial structure of POC concerning physical activity and confirms the assumption that, in this context, people with excess weight use both experiential and behavioral processes. These preliminary results should be confirmed in a longitudinal study.
Erythropoietin and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Levels in Sera of Patients with HIV Infection
Authors: Reddy M M , Grieco M H 
Published: January 2017

Levels of erythropoietin and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were measured in sera of 28 HIV-seronegative heterosexual non-intravenous drug using controls, 57 HIV-seronegative and 42 HIV-seropositive asymptomatic intravenous drug users (IVDU) and 36 HIV-seronegative and 36 HIV-seropositive homosexuals, 79 patients with lymphadenopathy, 11 patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC) and 110 patients with AIDS. Serum erythropoietin levels were significantly elevated in HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive asymptomatic homosexuals and in patients with lymphadenopathy, ARC and AIDS when compared to controls. However, in asymptomatic HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive IVDU the erythropoietin levels were not significantly different from the control group. GM-CSF mean levels in both HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive IVDU were elevated compared with the level in controls, whereas the mean levels in both the HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive homosexuals were decreased relative to the level in controls. GM-CSF levels in patients with lymphadenopathy, ARC and AIDS were not significantly different from the control value. It appears that male homosexuals have mildly increased erythropoietin levels which rise substantially with the development of ARC and AIDS, which suggests that AIDS patients have intact capacity to produce erythropoietin. In contrast, GM-CSF levels are increased in association with IVDU but are not increased in association with HIV infection including ARC or AIDS. The difference in circulating levels of erythropoietin and GM-CSF may reflect the tissue sources of erythropoietin predominantly in the kidney and GM-CSF being a product of the immunological and inflammatory systems.
The Absence of Genital Human Papillomavirus DNA in Virginal Women
Authors: Fairley Christopher K , Chen Shujun , Tabrizi Sepehr N , Leeton Kay , Quinn Michael A , Garland Suzanne M 
Published: January 2017

Our aim was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in virginal women and to establish if other forms of sexual activity not involving penetration may contribute to the transmission of this infection. Female patients attending medical practitioners, and female high school students were recruited. Each participant answered an anonymous self answer questionnaire and collected a tampon specimen. Tampons were analysed for the presence of human papillomavirus by the polymerase chain reaction (L1 general primer and probe). Fifty-five female participants who were of a mean age of 18 years (range 13–41) were recruited. Twenty-three reported non-penetrative sexual activity. None of the 55 women had evidence of HPV infection (0%, upper 95% confidence interval 5.4%). Twelve tampons from sexually active women with normal Papanicolaou smears and a mean age of 26 years (range 19–44) attending a hospital clinic were analysed at the same time and four were found to be positive (P=0.0006). We conclude that HPV infection prior to sexual intercourse, as determined by tampons specimens, is rare, even in those participating in other forms of sexual activity.
Population Screening for Neonatal Liver Disease: Potential for a Community-Based Programme
Authors: Powell J E , Keffler S , Kelly D A , Green A 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: To evaluate a community-based screening programme for detecting neonata/liver disease by the quantitation of conjugated bilirubin in blood. Setting and Methods: Prospective cohort/observational study using spare plasma from routinely collected liquid neonatal screening specimens from babies born in Birmingham over a two-year period. Babies with a conjugated bilirubin above 18 umol/l and comprising more than 20% of the total bilirubin were followed up. A total of 27,654 neonates were tested in the community, with a further 2425 samples from babies hospitalised at the time of the test. Results: In the community-based series, 84.7% of the specimens received were analysed, the remainder being unusable mainly because of gross hoemolysis (8.6%) or insufficient sample (5.8%). In 107 neonates the results were above the cut-off limits (0.46% of the number analysed). Of these, 12 had persistently abnormal results, 11 of whom hod confirmed liver disease. The liver diseases detected included neonatal hepatitis (n=6), extra-hepatic biliary atresia (n=2), hypopituitarism In= 1), a-1antitrypsin deficiency (n=1) and Alagille syndrome (n= 1). The sensitivity and specificity of the test for babies in the community were 100% and 99.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Conjugated bilirubin in plasma measured at 6–10 days is a reliable marker for neonatal liver disease, and a population screening programme based on this method has the potential to improve the survival and quality of life of infants born with liver disease. However, testing as part of the neonatal screening programme will prove practical only iF the method can be adapted to use dried blood spots
Changing Incidence of Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix in East Anglia
Authors: Stockton Diane , Cooper Pauline , Lonsdale R N 
Published: January 2017

Objective— To determine trends in incidence of invasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix in East Anglia. Methods— Cervical cancer incidence data for both squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas were obtained from the East Anglian Cancer Registry for the period 1971–94. Similar data were obtained for England and Wales. European age standardised rates (ASRs) were used for comparisons. Results— The mean incidence (ASR) of cervical adenocarcinoma was 0.85 per 10s in 1971–76, rising to 2.54 per 105 in 1989–94. There has been a marked age shift, with the main increase in incidence occurring in younger women aged 30–39. The mean incidence (ASR) of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix has decreased from 9.78 to 8.74 per 10s over the periods 1971–76 and 1989–94. Again there has been an age shift, moving from a single incidence peak in the 4S-S9 age band in earlier years to incidence peaks in both the 30–39 and 55–69 age bands in more recent years. Similar trends were noted when data for England and Wales were analysed. Birth cohort analyses show that both tumours are occurring progressively earlier (about five years earlier in each five year birth cohort). Conclusion— Although the overall incidence of cervical carcinoma is declining, this study has shown an increased incidence of cervical adenocarcinoma, particularly in the younger age groups. In future it would seem advisable to publish separate incidence and mortality data for squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. All practitioners involved in the cervical cancer screening programme would then be aware of the very real significance of this tumour.