bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lacosamide Reduces Seizure Severity but Increases Seizure Frequency in PTZ-Kindled Rats
Authors: Gáll Zsolt , Koncz Szabolcs , Gáll Orsolya , Kolcsár Melinda 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated the anticonvulsant action of lacosamide (LCS), a novel drug that was recently approved for the treatment of partial or secondarily generalized seizures, using an animal model of generalized epilepsy induced by repetitive pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) administration in rats. The main goal was to evaluate the behavioral pattern of lacosamide action by classifying seizures according to a modi Racine-scale. Furthermore, the reproducibility of the win-PTZ kindling model of epilepsy, a recently described variant of the standard PTZ-kindling model, was also assessed.

Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (n=16) were divided into two groups and underwent the win-PTZ-kindling protocol in two independent trials. After finishing the kindling procedure, all animals, which presented stage 5 seizures were tested for the anticonvulsant action of lacosamide at three different doses (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg).

Results: The maximal severity of seizures decreased and the latency to stage 3-5 seizures increased when the animals were treated with lacosamide at a single dose of 10 mg/kg compared to saline pretreatment (p < 0.05), both parameter reflecting an anticonvulsant action of the drug. Unfortunately, the number of stage 3-5 seizures also increased, but not significantly. The win-PTZ kindling model showed an adequate reproducibility between different trials, however, the number of fully kindled rats was lower than previously reported.

Conclusions: Lacosamide showed a convincing anticonvulsant action in the win-PTZ kindling model of epilepsy by preventing the generalization of seizures. The win-PTZ kindling model was proved to be useful for studying epileptogenesis and the anticonvulsant action of drugs.
Colorectal Carcinoma in a Patient with Situs Inversus Totalis
Authors: Simu Iunius Paul , Jung Janos , Bara Tivadar , Simu Patricia Maria Luminita , Ghizdavat Alexandru 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of malignant tumors worldwide. In patients with situs abnormalities such as situs inversus totalis or situs ambiguus, the presence of this tumor could be a challenge for the surgeon, especially in cases in which the laparoscopic approach is considered.Case presentation: We report the case of a 69-year-old male patient with situs inversus totalis. This particular case of situs inversus totalis was not a classical type because the patient had bilateral bilobed lungs, polysplenia, preduodenal portal vein in association with midgut malrotation. The pathology report after surgery revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon, stage pT3 N1c M1a, liver metastases but without metastases in the eight resected lymph nodes. We compared this rare association of diseases of particular anatomic aspects with other reports in the specialty literature.Conclusion:The identification of situs abnormalities or other malformations in patients with resectable colorectal cancer is essential, thus preoperative imaging studies are imperative for a proper surgical management. Colorectal cancer metastasizing patterns in patients with intestinal malrotation need to be further investigated.
Die Suche nach NS-Raubgut in der Württembergischen Landesbibliothek Stuttgart – ein Zwischenbericht
Authors: Pust Hans-Christian , Nüchter Maria 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag bietet einen Einblick in das seit Juni 2016 laufende Projekt zur Suche nach NS-Raubgut in den Beständen der Württembergischen Landesbibliothek Stuttgart. Beschrieben werden die Auswahl der zu untersuchenden Bestände, die Verzeichnung und Präsentation der Funde sowie erste Ergebnisse, die in zwei Fällen auch schon zu ziemlich konkreten Möglichkeiten einer Restitution an Erben geführt haben.
Pay for Performance with Motivated Employees
Authors: Cerrone Claudia , Manna Ester 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Heterogeneity in intrinsic motivation affects the optimal contract offered to employees in teams. Under individual incentives, the effort exerted by both motivated and selfish employees is distorted. This distortion is mitigated if employees receive a wage based on team performance. As a result, the principal prefers to use team incentives, while motivated employees are better off with individual incentives.
Macrospatial Analysis of Early Scythian Fortified Settlements in the Right-Bank of Ukraine
Authors: Ławniczak Marcin , Ignaczak Marcin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The macrospatial analysis of fortified settlements in the right-bank of Ukraine allows for observations of a few regularities related to the location of sites along the rivers and watersheds. ‘Land’ settlements, e.g. Yakushyntsi or Mlynok, may have connected sites located along large watercourses, e.g. Trakhtemyriv, Rudkivtsi, which specialised in trade with the Greeks.
Microspatial Analysis of Selected Early Scythian Fortified Settlements in Podolia
Authors: Ławniczak Marcin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
There are two levels of detailed characteristic of the aforementioned sites. The first is the construction aspect, such as the area of the site (within the fortifications only) and the shape of the fortifications. The second level of detailed characteristics is description and presentation of the natural factors surrounding the sites, such as landforms and its location regarding to watercourses and watersheds.
Photogrammetry-Based Spatial Analyses of Settlements in Severynivka and Nemyriv
Authors: Ławniczak Marcin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
During the Polish-Ukrainian archaeological project “Fortresses of Ukraine” it was proposed to study two of the most significant sites with the newest possible technology. The final decision was made to apply the digital photogrammetry that was acquired with the use of drones.
Research in the Central Part of Severynivka Hillfort (Quadrats F80, F90, G71, G81)
Authors: Shelekhan Oleksandr , Lifantii Oksana , Boltryk Yuriy , Ignaczak Marcin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe article deals with excavations in the central part of Severynivka hillfort. In the mentioned area there was found and studied a part of the large multi-layered complex, which is considered as the remains of probable public worship structure. In the complex filling there were revealed numerous finds of wares, including a number of complete tableware and miniature forms, tools, jewelry and weapons. Also there were traced the tracks of rites administering that is recorded by the physical layout of objects in the complex and a female jaw find.
The Fortresses of Ukraine. The Builders of Early Iron Age Strongholds in Podolia
Authors: Ignaczak Marcin , Boltryk Yuriy , Shelekhan Oleksandr , Lifantii Oksana , Olędzki Łukasz 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The most challenging question regarding the defensive settlements of the Pontic forest-steppe is the reason behind their construction at all and size. The most frequent interpretations centre around two questions: were they to protect from external threats (i.e. the nomads) or were they the result of a carefully planned construction strategy related to the economic and social pressure from the Greek colonies in the Black Sea region? It is also possible that both explanations are true.
Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz’s proposal of ethical norms
Authors: Konstańczak Stefan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz is known primarily as a logician and methodologist. Ethics was a side discipline to his scientific research, which he lectured at Lvov University in the 1930s. Assuming that ethics is a philosophical science, he tried to systematise its contemplations according to the scientific principles developed at the Lvov–Warsaw School of thought. However, in his research he also took into account the philosophical tradition which recognised ethics as one of the chief branches of philosophy. Ajdukiewicz’s submission of ethics to the requirements of logic was related to an attempt to analyse its core concepts. Consequently, an outline of the original ethical concept was developed, but never developed into a system.
The problem of indoctrination, with a focus on moral education
Authors: Hábl Jan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIndoctrination is a large and important issue in (not only moral) education. It is considered to be one of the capital pedagogical faults. However, the question is, what does it mean to indoctrinate? Educators from the liberal camp of the educational spectrum have had the tendency to criticize the traditional approach as “indoctrinational.” On the other hand, proponents of the traditional approach object that if indoctrination were defined properly then even the liberal approach would not be immune. This raises two fundamental questions that will be the subject of this study: a) what exactly does it mean to indoctrinate? b) is education without indoctrination even possible?
Theoretical foundations of the Bratislava School of Business Ethics
Authors: Remišová Anna , Lašáková Anna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The aim of this article is to explain the key theoretical foundations of business ethics as a social scientific and academic discipline that was established and further developed at the Faculty of Management at Comenius University in Bratislava. The authors of this article refer to this school of thought as the “Bratislava School of Business Ethics” with the intention of pointing out its relative autonomy in research and higher education in the Slovak academic environment.
Egalitarian sexism: Kant’s defense of monogamy and its implications for the future evolution of marriage II
Authors: Palmquist Stephen R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This second part of a two-part series exploring implications of the natural differences between the sexes for the cultural evolution of marriage considers how the institution of marriage might evolve, if Kant’s reasons for defending monogamy are extended and applied to a future culture. After summarizing the philosophical framework for making cross-cultural ethical assessments that was introduced in Part I and then explaining Kant’s portrayal of marriage as an antidote to the objectifying tendencies of sex, I summarize Kant’s reasons for rejecting polygamy and for viewing monogamy as the only ethically acceptable form of marriage. Finally, I argue that if we apply Kantian principles to the real situation of marriage in many modern cultures, and if we wish to maintain a legitimate place for marriage in the future evolution of human culture, then the future evolution of marriage laws must recognize polyfidelity (i.e., plural marriages for both men and women) as being just as legitimate as monogamy.
The Lease and Sale of Agricultural Real Estate in Poland — Legal and Economic Aspects
Authors: Suchoń Aneta 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Ownership and lease of agricultural real estate are the basic legal titles to run and organize agricultural farms in Poland. For some years now, the practical significance of lease in rural relations has been growing, which is primarily connected with the activities of the Agricultural Property Agency. Currently, lease is the basic form of management of agricultural lands of the State Treasury. The aim of the paper was to present the basic principles concerning the acquisition and lease of agricultural real estate in Poland and to assess whether the legal regulations favour the formation and expansion of agricultural farms in this country, especially family ones. It should be noted that according to the Article 23 of the Polish Constitution, the basis of the agricultural system is the family farm. The family farm, in turn, is run by an individual farmer. The paper covers also the issue of acquisition and lease of agricultural real estate by foreigners.
Soziale Interaktion durch Synchronisation. Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven / Social Interaction through Synchronisation. Interdisciplinary Perspectives
Authors: Schmicking Daniel A. 
Published: December 2017

Summary
This paper combines perspectives from different disciplines to open up an interdisciplinary view on basic processes of human interaction. Part I addresses problematic assumptions of dominating theories of mind and limits of phenomenological description. Part II presents findings from social psychological and neuroscientific experiments on sensomotor synchronization. These experiments were carried out at levels of experiencing, behavior/kinematics, organic functions, and neurophysiology. Novel approaches that study intercerebral processes in musicians who interact face-to-face are particularly relevant: parts of non-identical brains function like temporarily coupled units. Part III discusses methodological issues and presuppositions of these experimental approaches as well as of current theories of mind. The findings from social psychology and neuroscience can serve to explicate phenomenological concepts and to complement descriptions, in particular of prereflective intentionality. Vice versa, the phenomenological view helps to critically examine limits and assumptions of empirical approaches and philosophical theories of mind. The presented findings on sensomotor and intercerebral synchronization corroborate phenomenological views of direct intercorporeal intersubjectivity, which provide an alternative to accounts that rely on simulation, representation, and inferential processes.
Social Space and the Question of Objectivity / Der soziale Raum und die Frage nach der Objektivität
Authors: Mensch James 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn speaking of the social dimensions of human experience, we inevitably become involved in the debate regarding how they are to be studied. Should we embrace the first-person perspective, which is that of the phenomenologists, and begin with the experiences composing our directly experienced lifeworld? Alternately, should we follow the lead of natural scientists and take up the third-person perspective? This is the perspective that asserts that we must begin with what is true for everyone, i.e., with what is available to both me and Others (the “they” that forms the grammatical third person). Both perspectives are one sided in that each presupposes the other for its intelligibility. The third-person perspective is Cartesian and, as I show, privileges space, while the first-person perspective is social in Levinas’s sense and presupposes time. Our reality, I argue, embraces both perspectives and is, in fact, set by their intertwining.
Scham. Phänomenologische Überlegungen zu einem sozialtheoretischen Begriff / Shame. Phenomenological Reflections on a Socio-Theoretical Concept
Authors: Römer Inga 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis essay develops an approach to a phenomenology of shame by taking recourse to different notions of shame found in various humanistic disciplines and in the history of phenomenology. The first part of this paper analyzes some of the central ideas on the nature of shame to be found in cultural anthropology, pedagogy, history and psychoanalysis. The second part discusses the phenomenological theories of shame proposed by Sartre and Levinas. Since their approaches are opposite to each other in crucial respects, the third part of this paper returns to the analyses of shame undertaken in the first part in order to resolve this apparent conflict and advance a coherent theory of shame. The essay’s final thesis is that shame is neither fundamentally destructive nor fundamentally constructive but that it can assume both guises. While it can threaten the subject up to the point of destruction triggering it in aggressive defensive mechanisms, it can also contribute to the development of the subject into a fully free individual capable of acknowledging and answering to others.
On Pain, Its stratification, and Its Alleged Indefinability / Über den Schmerz, seine Schichtung und seine vermeintliche Undefinierbarkeit
Authors: Geniusas Saulius 
Published: December 2017

Summary
This paper develops a phenomenological approach to the concept of pain, which highlights the main presuppositions that underlie pain research undertaken both in the natural and in the sociohistorical sciences. My argument is composed of four steps: (1) only if pain is a stratified experience can it become a legitimate theme in both natural and sociohistorical sciences; (2) the phenomenological method is supremely well suited to disclose the different strata of pain experience; (3) the phenomenological account offered here identifies three fundamental levels that make up the texture of pain experience: pain can be conceived as a prereflective experience, as an object of affective reflection, or as an object of cognitive reflection; and (4) such a stratified account clarifies how pain can be a subject matter in the natural and sociohistorical sciences. Arguably, the natural and sociohistorical sciences address pain at different levels of its manifestation. While the natural sciences address pain as an object of cognitive reflection, sociohistorical sciences first and foremost deal with pain as a prereflective experience and as an object of affective reflection.
Der Spannungsbogen von Autonomie und Verletzlichkeit. Eine phänomenologisch-anthropologische Reflexion / The Unsolved Tension between Autonomy and Vulnerability
Authors: Pugliese Alice 
Published: December 2017

Summary
A phenomenological approach to anthropology should not propose a static definition of man, but inquire into specific human motivations, which never occur isolated. Therefore, the autonomy-dependency connection is presented as a possible human motivational ground. The notion of autonomy, presented with reference to the Kantian idea of the self-determining reason and to the Husserlian account of self-constitution, reveals in itself elements of dependency. On the other side, the notion of vulnerability and reliance is displayed through different approaches of Gehlen, MacIntyre and Toombs in order to illustrate dependency not as a mere capitulation of the subject, but as one of its intrinsic possibilities, which does not exclude autonomous will.
Impulsivity in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kuzmanova Rumyana N. , Stefanova Irina Ts. , Stambolieva Katerina I. 
Published: December 2017

Summary
In recent years focus has been increasingly placed on impulse control disorders (ICDs) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). ICDs include pathological attraction to gambling, compulsive shopping, compulsive eating and compulsive sexual behaviour and are associated mostly with the intake of dopamine agonists. Another impulsive and compulsive behaviour in PD is the dopamine dysregulation syndrome, which is associated with compulsive intake of L-dopa, and short-acting dopamine agonists. Diagnostics and prevention of this group of disorders is essential, considering the difficulties related to their treatment and their negative impact on the patients themselves as well as on their relatives.
Light Microscopic Study of Renal Morphological Alterations in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Stanchev Stancho S. , Iliev Alexandar A. , Malinova Lina G. , Landzhov Boycho V. , Kotov Georgi N. , Hinova-Palova Dimka V. 
Published: December 2017

Summary
The impact of hypertension on the kidney is associated with a number of morphological changes, which gradually lead to development of end-stage kidney disease. The aim of the present study was to trace the postnatal histological changes in the morphology of nephrons and renal interstitium in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In this study, we described and compare alterations in renal histology as a consequence of hypertension in two age groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats, aged 2 and 6 months (n=3; per age group). The description of the alterations in renal morphology was made by light microscopic analysis using routine haematoxylin and eosin staining, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reaction and Mallory’s trichrome staining. We did not observe significant changes in renal histology in 2-month-old rats: renal corpuscles were relatively well preserved, proximal and distal tubules were clearly demarcated, and no pathological changes in the larger intrarenal blood vessels were found. There was evidence of glomerular and tubular basement membranes thickening and focal interstitial fibrosis. In 6-month-old rats, we noted pronounced glomerulosclerosis, periglomerular and periarteriolar fibrosis and expansion of interstitial fibrosis. The vascular alterations depended on the size of the blood vessels and included hyaline arteriosclerosis, fibrinoid necrosis and myointimal thickening of interlobular arteries. Untreated hypertensive nephrosclerosis is associated with progressive renal alterations, which cause impaired renal function – a lifelong limiting factor.
Transient Ischemic Attack: Clinical Features and Outcome
Authors: Drenska Desislava D. , Maslarov Dimitar B. 
Published: December 2017

Summary
A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is a state of emergency and an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. The social significance of the disease is determined, based on the probability of occurrence of subsequent cerebrovascular incidents and their frequency among groups. The purpose of the present study was to perform a comparative analysis of clinical features and outcome in patients with TIA for at least 24 months after onset had been registered, according to the pathogenesis and to ABCD (2) score. Two hundred and fifty-seven patients were monitored at the Neurology Clinic, First MHAT – Sofia after suffering an initial TIA. All subjects were studied using a clinical evaluation of pathogenetic mechanisms and an ABCD (2) algorithm. A diagnosis of TIA was confirmed by neuroimaging. The comparison between specific pathogenetic mechanisms demonstrated a statistically significant difference. Two TIA subgroups were involved – thromboembolic and cryptogenic (p<0.05). Also, according to the ABCD (2) score results, significant differences were found between groups at low (1-3) and high (6-7) risk, and those at intermediate (4-5) and high risk (p<0.01). Detailed investigation and assessment of patients with TIA are important concerning the prognostic outcome.
Quality of Sexual Life after Microsurgical Penile Denervation in Men with Primary Premature Ejaculation
Authors: Genov Pencho P. , Kolev Nikolay H. , Kotsev Rumen P. , Dunev Vladislav R. , Stoykov Boyan A. , Vanov Aleksander A. , Atanasov Jitian A. , Tonchev Pencho T. 
Published: December 2017

Summary
Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common sexual dysfunction in men, yet it is not well studied. Its frequency reaches 30% for men from 18 to 59 years of age in different countries. The aim of this article was to investigate the quality of sexual life in men with primary PE operated on with microsurgical penile denervation, using the Brief Male Sexual Functional Inventory (BMSFI). From September 2011 to March 2014, 22 patients were operated on with microsurgical penile denervation in the urology clinic of the University Hospital - Pleven and the Department of Urology at UMHAT Ruse AD. The mean result from the BMSFI in patients was 22 points preoperatively, indicating significant worsening of sexual function and quality of life in all five questionnaire domains. After surgery, the results increased to 28, 33 and 39 respectively, at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Premature ejaculation not only leads to problems in controlling ejaculation but also worsens the overall sexual function and quality of life of patients.