bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The optimal duration of treatment for skin and soft tissue infections and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections
Authors: Corcione Silvia , De Rosa Francesco Giuseppe 
Published: January 2018

Purpose of review
To summarize the current finding on SSTIs/ABSSSIs treatment duration.

Recent findings
In 2013, the FDA approved the definition of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs). From a clinical point of view, the new definition may present some advantages: the definition of the severity of the disease, the measurement of reduction in lesion size, and effectiveness of treatment primary endpoint at 48–72 h after treatment initiation. New therapeutic options with improved efficacy, safety, and/or pharmacodynamics are available for ABSSSIs and so far, several questions still need to be addressed for the management of these infections, including treatment duration.

Summary
There is a wide variation of duration of antimicrobial treatment in skin and soft tissue infections. Plenty of published data available suggest that we should focus on the early response to shorten duration of treatment, and that the antimicrobial stewardship perspective is extremely helpful in underscoring the need for composite outcomes in clinical practice, as multiple tools are available to increase cost-efficacy, including reduction of treatment changes, early oral switch, early discharge (even from the Emergency Department), outpatient antimicrobial treatment, long-acting antibiotics, and all together, de-escalation treatment strategies.
Differentiation of Recurrent/Residual Glioma From Radiation Necrosis Using Semi Quantitative 99mTc MDM (Bis-Methionine-DTPA) Brain SPECT/CT and Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast-Enhanced MR Perfusion
Authors: Rani Nisha , Singh Baljinder , Kumar Narendra , Singh Paramjit , Hazari Puja Panwar , Singh Harpreet , Kumar Ganesh , Radotra Bishan , Kumar Mukesh , Bhattacharya Anish , Sharma Rajnish , Kohli Adarsh , Chhabra Rajesh , Gupta Sunil Kumar , Mishra Anil Kumar 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
In this study, 99mTc MDM (bis-methionine-DTPA) SPECT was used for the detection and differentiation of recurrent/residual glioma from radiation necrosis and the results were compared with dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced (DSCE)-MRI and clinical findings.

Materials and Methods
Twenty-eight patients (18 men and 10 women; mean ± SD age, 41.4 ± 15.03 years) with histologically proven glioma (grade IV, 14; grade III, 7; grade II, 7) who were planned for postsurgical standard radio/chemo therapy were recruited prospectively. All the patients underwent technetium 99mTc MDM SPECT/CT and DSCE-MRI imaging at 6 months after surgery/radio-chemotherapy, 9 of 28 patients also underwent SPECT imaging at 1 to 2 weeks after surgery.

Results

99mTc MDM SPECT/CT analysis demonstrated significantly higher target to nontarget (T/NT) ratio of the radiotracer in tumor recurrence than in radiation necrosis (3.59 ± 1.70 vs 1.16 ± 0.42). Likewise, the normalized cerebral blood volume (nCBV) values in patients with tumor recurrence were also significantly higher than in radiation necrosis (5.16 ± 2.30 vs 1.63 ± 0.94). A positive correlation (rho = 0.823, P < 0.0001) between T/NT ratios and nCBV was observed. The cutoff T/NT ratios and nCBV values estimated by receiver operating characteristic analysis were greater than 1.50 (area under the curve, 0.944 ± 0.34) and greater than 2.12 (area under the curve, 0.931 ± 0.39), respectively. Combining the results of 99mTc MDM SPECT/CT, DSCE-MRI, and clinical findings, diagnosis of recurrent/residual glioma or radiation necrosis was made in 18 and 10 patients, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of 2 techniques were comparable, that is, 92.0%: 78.6% for MDM SPECT/CT and of 92.0%: 71.4% for DSCE-MRI, respectively.

Conclusion
Thus, combining MDM SPECT with DSCE MRI may provide an accurate method for differentiation of tumor recurrence from radiation-induced necrosis in glioma patients.
Flare on Serial Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen–Targeted 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT Examinations in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zukotynski Katherine A. , Valliant John , Bénard François , Rowe Steven P. , Kim Chun K. , Pomper Martin G. , Cho Steve Y. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A 71-year-old man with castration-resistant prostate cancer demonstrated a flare phenomenon on 99mTc-MDP and CT after 10 weeks of enzalutamide. Prostate-specific membrane antigen–targeted 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT demonstrated minimal uptake at sites of baseline bone and lymph node disease with increasing uptake at sites of osseous disease following therapy. Although this is likely related in part to decreased androgen receptor activity and a consequent increase in prostate-specific membrane antigen expression, other mechanisms (neovascularization, cell infiltration from the bone repair process, osteoblastic turnover, or minimal radiotracer impurity) may also be involved in causing the increased 18F-DCFPyL uptake at sites of osseous flare.
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer With Extensive Skeletal Muscle Metastases on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Yurkiewicz Ilana R. , Ganjoo Kristen N. , Iagaru Andrei 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A 61-year-old woman with newly diagnosed anaplastic thyroid cancer and known metastases to the brain, lungs, and adrenal glands complained of groin muscle pain. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed to assess for extent of disease and showed extensive hypermetabolic lesions throughout the skeletal musculature concerning for metastatic disease. As this would be a very rare presentation for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, a biopsy of the left gluteal muscle was conducted. Pathology demonstrated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, metastatic to skeletal muscle.
Rare Variant of Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma With Hemophagocytic Syndrome
Authors: Donald Joseph S. , Barnthouse Nick , Chen Delphine L. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma characterized by a clonal proliferation of lymphocytes restricted to the intravascular space. We present the case of a 60-year-old man with hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to IVL. 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated hepatosplenomegaly with marked diffuse hepatic, splenic, and bone marrow hypermetabolism. The case report illustrates the imaging findings of this uncommon variant of IVL.
Tumor Cystic Necrosis Following Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Ladwa Rahul , Wen Hong Hooi , Wyld David , Pattison David A. , Burge Matthew 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The response assessment to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in neuroendocrine tumors is complex. We present the case of a 49-year-old man with metastatic rectal neuroendocrine tumor whose clinical symptoms and response evaluation criteria in solid tumors suggested progressive disease following PRRT. However, 68Ga-DOTA-(Tyr3)-octreotate PET/CT showed a partial scintigraphic response with absence of 18F-FDG PET/CT uptake consistent with tumor cystic necrosis. Long-term follow-up confirmed ongoing tumor response to treatment. Utilizing all modalities of response assessment seems to be important in correctly judging the benefit from PRRT and will need to be incorporated when developing response assessment tools.
Rhabdomyosarcoma Revealed by a Breast Metastasis
Authors: Luporsi Marie , Cassou-Mounat Thibaut , Amiot Henri-Marc , Laurence Valerie , Jehanno Nina 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A 38-year-old woman was referred for staging of an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma revealed by a breast metastasis with unknown primary. Whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT localized the primary tumor as an asymptomatic soft tissue lesion of the right foot with a significant uptake. PET/CT detected hepatic and pancreatic metastases and also showed a multifocal bone marrow involvement, which was not detected by the contrast-enhanced CT. These results led to a significant change in treatment management as the patient received local radiotherapy of the primitive lesion and polychemotherapy.
18F-FDG PET/CT Detected Delayed Endoleak in an Aortoiliac Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Kim Byung Jin , Bradley Kevin M. , Subesinghe Manil 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present a case of a type Ia endoleak detected using 18F-FDG PET/CT 10 years after an abdominal aortoiliac endovascular aneurysm repair in an 83-year-old man. The 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was performed to evaluate a solitary pulmonary nodule but, in addition, demonstrated unexpected blood pool activity outside the stent graft and within the abdominal aortic aneurysm sac, indicating an endoleak; no FDG activity should be present within the aneurysm sac after stent graft placement. A subsequent CT angiogram confirmed the endoleak. This case illustrates the value of PET/CT in unexpectedly demonstrating this serious, late complication of endovascular aneurysm repair.
Virchow Node From Prostate Carcinoma by 18F-Choline PET/CT
Authors: de la Riva-Pérez Pablo Antonio , García-Gómez Francisco Javier , Buján-Lloret Cristina , Calvo-Morón María de la Cinta , Castro-Montaño Juan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

18F-choline PET/CT is increasingly being used during the follow-up of prostate cancer and is bringing us valuable information for the delineation of local and distant nodal recurrence in patients with hormone-resistant poorly differentiated cell types. Lymphatic spreading usually involves pelvic and retroperitoneal levels, being unusual at supraclavicular levels. We report a 75-year-old man with unsuspected involvement of Virchow node from prostate cancer observed using 18F-choline PET/CT.
18F-NaF PET/CT Finding in a Patient With Abdominal Discomfort After Schistosomiasis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chen Li , Wan Qiang , Chen Yue 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A 77-year-old man with back pain and abdominal distention underwent 18F-NaF PET/CT examination to evaluate potential bone lesions. Multiple foci of increased activity were noted in the chest, which corresponded to bilateral ribs and suggested possible occult fractures. Surprisingly, increased 18F-NaF uptake was observed in the region of pelvis, which corresponded to calcification along the colon wall, a sequela of intestinal Japanese schistosomiasis that the patient experienced 30 years ago.
Primary Spleen Angiosarcoma With Concomitant Hepatic Hemangiomas on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Zheng Kun , Liu Yu , Cui Ruixue , Li Fang 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A staging FDG PET/CT was performed for a 43-year-old woman who was suspected to have splenic malignancy with multiple hepatic metastases revealed on CT images. The PET/CT images showed the masses and nodules of spleen had mildly increased uptake of FDG, whereas the uptake by the hepatic lesions was slightly higher. However, the pathologic evaluation demonstrated that splenic lesion was malignant as angiosarcoma, but the hepatic lesions were benign as hemangiomas.
The Distal Stump of the Intramuscular Motor Branch of the Obturator Nerve Is Useful for the Reconstruction of Long-Standing Facial Paralysis Using a Double-Powered Free Gracilis Muscle Flap Transfer
Authors: Uehara Miyuki , Shimizu Fumiaki 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Double innervation of the transferred muscle with the contralateral facial nerve and the ipsilateral masseteric nerve has recently been reported by some authors. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of our procedure of double innervation of free gracilis muscle for reconstruction of long-standing facial palsy.

Patients and Methods:
In our department, 6 cases of long-standing facial paralysis (4 cases of complete palsy and 2 of incomplete palsy) were reconstructed using a free gracilis muscle double innervated with the masseteric and contralateral facial nerves. The patient age ranged from 37 to 79 years (average 56.7 ± 15.7). In our procedure, the intramuscular motor branch of the transferred muscle was identified and sutured to the ipsilateral masseteric nerve in an end-to-end fashion, and the obturator nerve of the transferred muscle was sutured to the cross-facial nerve graft, which was coapted with the contralateral facial nerve by end-to-end suturing.

Results:
All patients were followed up for >18 months and recovered their smiling function. The voluntary movement of the transferred muscle with teeth clenching was observed at approximately 4.7 months, and this movement combined with contralateral mouth angle elevation was observed at approximately 9.5 months after the surgery.

Conclusions:
Our experience suggests that the distal stump of the intramuscular motor branch of the obturator nerve may be useful for facial reanimation via double-powered free gracilis muscle flap transfer.
Schwannoma of the Membranous Nasal Septum: a Clinical Report With Aesthetic Approach
Authors: Kim Yong-Ha , Lee Jin Ho , Park Youngsoo , Chung Kyu Jin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Schwannoma is an uncommon tumor of nerve sheath that arises from any peripheral, cranial, or autonomic nerve. Only 4% of head and neck schwannomas originate from the sinonasal tract, and a finding of a schwannoma in the nasal septum is exceedingly rare. The authors experienced nasal septal schwannoma with the functional and aesthetic consideration of nasal contour. The authors present an open rhinoplasty approach for nasal septal schwannoma which has not been reported in the previous literature yet.
Unilateral Isolated Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy Caused by Gunshot Injury
Authors: Ozdemir Bulent , Kanat Ayhan , Batcik Sule , Batcik Osman Ersagun , Celiker Metin , Kayayurt Kamil 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Cranial nerve palsies after gunshot injury are not uncommon. However, in the literature, only 1 patient with isolated hypoglossal nerve paralysis caused by gunshot has been published. The authors describe a 34-year-old man suffering from unilateral isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy caused by gunshot injury as a second reported patient. The bullet entered maxillary sinus, and caused condylar fracture, then ended up C1–2 interspace. The bullet was surgically removed by a posterior approach. It is important to pay attention to hypoglossal nerve injury when confronted with a gunshot wound. The authors recommend early and sufficient surgical decompression.
PVR/CD155 Ala67Thr Mutation and Cleft Lip/Palate
Authors: Vieira Alexandre R. , Letra Ariadne , Silva Renato M. , Granjeiro Jose M. , Shimizu Takehiko , Poletta Fernando A. , Mereb Juan C. , Castilla Eduardo E. , Orioli Iêda M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The 19q13 locus has been linked to cleft lip and palate by our group and independently by others. Here we fine mapped the region in an attempt to identify an etiological variant that can explain cleft lip and palate occurrence. A total of 2739 individuals born with cleft lip and palate, related to individuals born with cleft lip and palate, and unrelated were studied. We used linkage and association approaches to fine map the interval between D19S714 and D19S433 and genotypes were defined by the use of TaqMan chemistry. We confirmed our previous findings that markers in PVR/CD155 are associated with cleft lip and palate. We studied the mutation Ala67Thr further and calculated its penetrance. We also attempted to detect PVR/CD155 expression in human whole saliva. Our results showed that markers in PVR/CD155 are associated with cleft lip and palate and the penetrance of the Ala67Thr is very low (between 1% and 5%). We could not detect PVR/CD155 expression in adult human whole saliva and PVR/CD155 possibly interacts with maternal infection to predispose children to cleft lip only.
Spring-Mediated Cranioplasty in Sagittal Synostosis: Does Age at Placement Affect Expansion?
Authors: Sun James , ter Maaten Netanja S. , Mazzaferro Daniel M. , Wes Ari M. , Naran Sanjay , Bartlett Scott P. , Taylor Jesse A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of timing of surgery and spring characteristics on correction of scaphocephalic deformity in patients undergoing spring-mediated cranioplasty (SMC) for sagittal craniosynostosis.

Methods:
The authors conducted a review of patients with sagittal craniosynostosis who underwent SMC at a tertiary referral center between July 2011 and March 2017, with a primary outcome measure of head shape, both preoperatively and postoperatively, determined by cephalic index (CI). Patient demographics and operative details including timing of surgery and spring characteristics were collected. Differences in CI preoperation and postoperation were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Ordinary least-squares linear regression was used to assess the impact of timing, number of springs, maximum single spring force, and total spring force on postoperative change in CI.

Results:
Thirty-six subjects (12 males and 24 females) were included in the study. Mean age at spring placement was 3.9 months (range: 1.9–9.2) with a mean follow-up of 1.4 years (range: 0.3–5.2). The mean number of springs used was 3 (range: 2–4). The mean maximum single spring force was 9.9 Newtons (N) (range: 6.9–13.0) and the mean total spring force was 24.6 N (range: 12.7–37.0). Mean CI increased from 70 ± 0.9 preoperatively to 77 ± 1.0 postoperatively (P < 0.001). Age at spring placement was significantly associated with change in CI: for every month increase in age, the change in CI decreased by 1.3 (P = 0.03). The number of springs used, greatest single spring force, and total spring force did not correlate with changes in CI (P = 0.85, P = 0.42, and P = 0.84, respectively).

Conclusion:
In SMC, earlier age at time of surgery appears to correlate with greater improvement in CI, at least in the short-term. While spring characteristics did not appear to affect head shape, it is possible that the authors were underpowered to detect a difference, and spring-related variables likely deserve additional study.
Quantification of Surgical Route Parameters for Exposure of the Jugular Foramen Via a Trans-Mastoidal Approach Exposing Jugular Foramen in Three-Dimensional Visualization Model
Authors: Qian Zeng-Hui , Feng Xu , Li Yang , Tang Ke 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
Surgical operation within the region of the jugular foramen presents a great challenge. The authors characterized the quantitative impact of surgical window parameters on the exposure of the jugular foramen via a trans-mastoidal approach.

Methods:
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data were used to establish a 3-dimensional model of the jugular foramen region. The mastoidale, posterior edge of the mastoid, and the superior edge of the bony external acoustic meatus were selected as points a, b, and c. The anterior edge of the tuberculum jugulare was selected as point d. The midpoints of line segments ab, ac, and bc were selected as points e, f, and g. Triangle abc was divided into triangles aef, beg, cfg, and efg. Surgical corridors of the triangular pyramid were outlined by connecting the above triangles to point d. Anatomic exposure was evaluated by measuring the area and volume of various structures within each route. Statistical comparisons were performed via analysis of variance.

Results:
The model allowed for adequate visualization of all structures. The areas of triangles beg and efg were greater than those of triangles aef and cfg (P < 0.05). The volumes of triangular pyramids d-beg and d-cfg were greater than those of triangular pyramids d-aef and d-efg (P = 0.000). Statistically significant differences were also observed for volumes of osseous, venous, and cranial nerve structures in all divided routes (P = 0.000).

Conclusion:
Our results indicate that 3-dimensional modeling may aid in the quantification of surgical exposure and that division of the craniotomy window may allow for more precise operation.
A New Technique in Surgical Management of the Giant Cerebral Hydatid Cysts
Authors: Aydin Mehmet Dumlu , Karaavci Nuh Cagri , Akyuz Mehmet Emin , Sahin Mehmet Hakan , Zeynal Mete , Kanat Ayhan , Altinors Mehmet Nur 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
In hydatid disease, the central nervous system is affected approximately in 2% to 3% of patients. Surgical management in these patients is important. To develop a surgical technique to avoid the formation of great volume of cavity after hydatid cyst removal and prevent complications associated with brain collapse and cortical convolution.

Patients and Methods:
In 2 patients, hydatid cysts were delivered by this new technique. A balloon filled with 150 cc of sterile air/distilled water was placed in the cavity until the balloon filled the entire cavity. Air/distilled water evacuation was continued at a rate of 20 cc/d and, after a week, eventually, the balloons were removed

Results:
All cysts were delivered without rupture. Neurologic outcomes were good. No complications were observed related to usage of the system such as balloon rupture, evacuation problems, and infection.

Conclusion:
The authors believe that the balloon insertion technique may be a useful method to prevent brain collapse, cortical convolution, and complications associated with this condition. Further technical refinements of the system are needed for better results.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Three-Dimensional McNamara Cephalometric Analysis
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Mologni Gonçalves dos , De Martino José Mario , Haiter Neto Francisco , Passeri Luis Augusto 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article introduces a method that extends the McNamara cephalometric analysis to produce 3-dimensional (3D) measurement values from cone-beam computed tomography images. In the extended method, the cephalometric landmarks are represented by 3D points; the bilateral cephalometric landmarks are identified on both sides of the skull; the cephalometric lines, with the exception of the facial axis, are represented by 3D lines; the cephalometric planes, with the exception of the facial plane, are represented by planes; the effective mandibular length, the effective midfacial length, and the lower anterior facial height are measured as 3D point-to-point distances; the nasion perpendicular to point A, the pogonion to nasion perpendicular, the upper incisor to point A vertical, and the lower incisor to point A-pogonion line are measured each as components of a vector; the facial axis angle is measured as a line-to-plane angle; and the mandibular plane angle is measured as a plane-to-plane angle. As a result, the method provides real effective lengths of the maxilla and mandible on both sides of the skull; real height of the lower anterior face; directed distances from the point A to the nasion perpendicular, from the pogonion to the nasion perpendicular, from the left and right upper incisor to the point A vertical, and from the left and right lower incisor to the point A-pogonion line for both the lateral and posteroanterior views of the skull; and real angles of the facial axis and the mandibular plane. Additionality, the method enables the identification of craniofacial asymmetries.