bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land use type, forest cover and forest edges modulate avian cross‐habitat spillover
Authors: Boesing Andrea Larissa , Nichols Elizabeth , Metzger Jean Paul 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNatural habitats adjacent to agricultural areas are often considered sources of species that provide beneficial regulating ecosystem services through cross‐habitat spillover. Both inter‐habitat matrix and landscape configuration can influence spillover by controlling organismal ability to disperse through landscapes, and affecting the provision of additional or supplementary resources that impact organism survival.To understand how landscape structure in terms of matrix land use type, forest cover and edge density might facilitate avian cross‐habitat spillover, we sampled avian communities in forest patches and adjacent land use types (coffee plantations or cattle pastures) using a well‐replicated study design across 92 sampling sites across a landscape‐context forest cover gradient (6%–60%).Land use type was a key factor influencing avian cross‐habitat spillover, facilitating species movement into coffee plantations and acting as a barrier to spillover into cattle pastures. We found that 24% of the forest‐dependent species pool was capable of spillover into coffee plantations, while spillover was nearly non‐existent in cattle pastures.Forest cover was also the main driver of spillover into coffee plantations. There was a positive relationship between forest cover and spillover, potentially due to processes related with (1) a higher density of organism in‐patches, (2) decreased isolation among patches facilitating species movement and (3) higher landscape supplementation processes.Finally, we found edge density had an additive effect with forest cover on spillover. Spillover was higher in high‐forested landscapes with many forest‐matrix edges, possibly due to increased structural connectivity for species able to move through edges, and to improved access for forest‐dwelling species to different resource types (complementation processes).Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate that land use type is a key factor facilitating species spillover into agricultural matrices and that the influence of land use type on spillover is further modulated by a combination of native habitat amount and edge density. These results should be considered in efforts to design or manage sustainable agricultural landscapes in order to enhance both bird persistence and the provision of bird‐mediated ecosystem services.
Stability of prevailing lactobacilli and yeasts in kefir grains and kefir beverages during ten weeks of propagation
Authors: Vardjan Tinkara , Mohar Lorbeg Petra , Čanžek Majhenič Andreja 
Published: October 2017

The microbial stability of kefir grains and kefir beverage during 10‐week propagation in two different laboratories was investigated. Plate counts and denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprints of lactobacilli and yeasts from kefir grains were comparable between the two laboratories, with Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens subsp. kefirgranum, Lb. kefiri, Lb. parakefiri, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Kazachstania exigua being the prevalent microorganisms. The counts and composition of lactobacilli and yeasts in the kefir beverage in all serial sampling in both laboratories were also very stable and similar to those obtained with kefir grains. Our findings demonstrate that a stable microbiota of kefir grains ensures consistent and constant product quality that is of crucial importance for dairy industry.
Effect of homogenisation of cheese milk and high‐shear mixing of the curd during cream cheese manufacture
Authors: Ningtyas Dian Widya , Bhandari Bhesh , Bansal Nidhi , Prakash Sangeeta 
Published: October 2017

The role of the homogenisation pressure of cheese milk (0, 25, 100 MPa) and high‐shear mixing of cheese curd at different speeds (750, 1500, and 3000 r.p.m.) and times (2 and 4 min) in improving the texture of medium‐fat cream cheese was investigated independently. Homogenisation resulted in small fat globules and firmer texture, while increasing speed and mixing times resulted in a decrease in curd particle size and an increase in the spreadability of the cheese. All curd samples from both the trials exhibited shear‐thinning behaviour. Unhomogenised milk and high‐shear mixing of the curd showed a low coefficient of friction (better lubrication property).
Relationship Between Mortality and Cancer‐Bearing Status in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Who Attended an Educational Program
Authors: Tanaka Akihito , Inaguma Daijo , Watanabe Yu , Murata Minako , Shinjo Hibiki , Koike Kiyomi , Otsuka Yasuhiro , Takeda Asami 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPatients with malignancy have a poorer prognosis than others do, which must be taken into consideration when treating them for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there are few studies investigating their prognosis. This was an observational study of 515 (394 men and 121 women) stable non‐dialysis patients with CKD who attended a CKD educational program. Mean age was 68.8 ± 13.0 years. Median follow‐up was 968.5 days. Mean creatinine was 3.4 ± 1.6 mg/dL. Of these, 63 had malignancy and 452 did not; 20.6% of the former and 11.9% of the latter group died by the end of the study period (P = 0.0548). Malignancy was not associated with all‐cause mortality (HR: 1.3475, 95% CI: 0.7202–2.5214, P = 0.3507) but with malignancy‐associated mortality (HR: 3.9477, 95% CI: 1.6348–9.5331, P = 0.0023). Renal replacement therapy was not associated with mortality. Since malignancy greatly affects the prognosis, it must be taken into consideration when treating these patients.
Influence of Bioenergy Crop Production and Climate Change on Ecosystem Services
Authors: Cibin Raj , Chaubey Indrajeet , Muenich Rebecca L. , Cherkauer Keith A. , Gassman Philip W. , Kling Catherine L. , Panagopoulos Yiannis 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLand use change can significantly affect the provision of ecosystem services and the effects could be exacerbated by projected climate change. We quantify ecosystem services of bioenergy‐based land use change and estimate the potential changes of ecosystem services due to climate change projections. We considered 17 bioenergy‐based scenarios with Miscanthus, switchgrass, and corn stover as candidate bioenergy feedstock. Soil and Water Assessment Tool simulations of biomass/grain yield, hydrology, and water quality were used to quantify ecosystem services freshwater provision (FWPI), food (FPI) and fuel provision, erosion regulation (ERI), and flood regulation (FRI). Nine climate projections from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase‐3 were used to quantify the potential climate change variability. Overall, ecosystem services of heavily row cropped Wildcat Creek watershed were lower than St. Joseph River watershed which had more forested and perennial pasture lands. The provision of ecosystem services for both study watersheds were improved with bioenergy production scenarios. Miscanthus in marginal lands of Wildcat Creek (9% of total area) increased FWPI by 27% and ERI by 14% and decreased FPI by 12% from the baseline. For St. Joseph watershed, Miscanthus in marginal lands (18% of total area) improved FWPI by 87% and ERI by 23% while decreasing FPI by 46%. The relative impacts of land use change were considerably larger than climate change impacts in this paper. Editor's note: This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series.
Assessment of Bioenergy Cropping Scenarios for the Boone River Watershed in North Central Iowa, United States
Authors: Gassman Philip W. , Valcu‐Lisman Adriana M. , Kling Catherine L. , Mickelson Steven K. , Panagopoulos Yiannis , Cibin Raj , Chaubey Indrajeet , Wolter Calvin F. , Schilling Keith E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSeveral biofuel cropping scenarios were evaluated with an improved version of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) as part of the CenUSA Bioenergy consortium for the Boone River Watershed (BRW), which drains about 2,370 km2 in north central Iowa. The adoption of corn stover removal, switchgrass, and/or Miscanthus biofuel cropping systems was simulated to assess the impact of cellulosic biofuel production on pollutant losses. The stover removal results indicate removal of 20 or 50% of corn stover in the BRW would have negligible effects on streamflow and relatively minor or negligible effects on sediment and nutrient losses, even on higher sloped cropland. Complete cropland conversion into switchgrass or Miscanthus, resulted in reductions of streamflow, sediment, nitrate, and other pollutants ranging between 23‐99%. The predicted nitrate reductions due to Miscanthus adoption were over two times greater compared to switchgrass, with the largest impacts occurring for tile‐drained cropland. Targeting of switchgrass or Miscanthus on cropland ≥2% slope or ≥7% slope revealed a disproportionate amount of sediment and sediment‐bound nutrient reductions could be obtained by protecting these relatively small areas of higher sloped cropland. Overall, the results indicate that all biofuel cropping systems could be effectively implemented in the BRW, with the most robust approach being corn stover removal adopted on tile‐drained cropland in combination with a perennial biofuel crop on higher sloped landscapes. Editor's note: This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series.
Employment for radiation oncologists in Australia and New Zealand: Recent graduates survey of experiences and perspectives
Authors: Leung John , Kariyasawam Sanjeewanie , Forstner Dion , Chee Raphael , James Melissa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionThis paper reports the key findings of the first survey of recent Radiation Oncology graduates in Australia, New Zealand (ANZ) and Singapore. It explores their experiences in entering the workforce, challenges and perspectives.MethodsThe survey was conducted in April and May 2016 focusing on graduates from 2013 to 2015. The questions related to relocation, current employment, experiences in finding a job, intentions regarding rural work, job satisfaction and perceptions of the job market.ResultsThe response rate was 80% (66/83). Most respondents (72.7%) commenced and completed their training in the same location. The large majority of respondents (91%) were employed with 51% as consultants, 20% as fellows and 15% as locums. Sixty‐four percent of respondents spent more than twelve weeks looking for a consultant position, but this was expected by 80% of respondents. Seventy‐three percent of respondents spent more than four weeks looking for a fellowship position, but this was expected by 90%. Twenty seven percent of respondents lived and worked in a rural area with nearly half of respondents who did not work in a rural area, indicating they would consider so if certain conditions were met. The large majority (75%) were satisfied with their current employment with only seven percent reporting dissatisfaction. Respondents felt that the job market was very competitive because of the large number of trainees and better workforce planning was required to ensure a reasonable balance between workforce supply and demand. Some career guidance and mentorship for readiness for the job market was thought to be beneficial.ConclusionsThis initial survey of recent Radiation Oncology graduates in ANZ and Singapore has revealed the large majority are employed as consultants or fellows, although there is apprehension about a competitive job market. The survey should be repeated on a regular basis to monitor future trends.
Explaining Resource Nationalism
Authors: Pryke Sam 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article attempts to dissect the term resource nationalism (hereafter RN). It looks first at the origins of the term. Second, it examines various definitions of RN: in the business press where a zero sum conception of state and corporate interest is generally assumed, related definitions in academic writings that hinge on the relative control of resources by government and company, explanations that subsume the phenomenon within economic nationalism, accounts that stress how it restricts outputs and, finally, recent discussions that question prevailing understandings of RN and emphasise instead the diversity of its contemporary forms. The article then considers drivers of RN: the capture of economic rents, the corollary of the influence of market prices on this objective, obsolescing bargaining, the pressures of natural scarcity and the role of national identity. Fourth, the global context, commercial and legal, in which RN operates. Finally, the article considers the fluctuations in RN in recent years.
Interactive Effects of Maternal Alcohol Problems and Parental Separation on Timing of Daughter's First Drink
Authors: Waldron Mary , Watkins Nicole K. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Madden Pamela A. F. , Heath Andrew C. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundFew studies examine risk to offspring who experience both parental alcohol problems and parental separation and still fewer consider gender of the affected parent. We examined interactive effects of maternal versus paternal alcohol problems and parental separation on timing of first alcoholic drink in daughters.MethodsData were drawn from a sample of 3,539 European (or other) ancestry (EA) and 611 African ancestry (AA) female twins born between 1975 and 1985, median age 15 at first assessment. Cox proportional hazards regression models were estimated predicting age at first full drink from parental history of alcohol problems (mother only, father only, or both parents), parental separation during childhood, and the interaction of parental alcohol problems and parental separation. Cox models were estimated without and with adjustment for correlated risk factors, separately for EA and AA twins.ResultsFor both EA and AA twins, a significant interaction between parental separation and mother‐only alcohol problems was observed, suggesting reduced risk of drinking associated with mother‐only alcohol problems in separated versus intact families.ConclusionsFindings highlight parental separation as an important moderator of risk to children of mothers who have a history of problem drinking, with interactive effects observed consistently across racial group. To identify underlying processes, additional research is needed with more detailed characterization of separated families where mother only has a history of alcohol problems.
Adverse cardiac events in out‐patients initiating clozapine treatment: a nationwide register‐based study
Authors: Rohde C. , Polcwiartek C. , Kragholm K. , Ebdrup B. H. , Siskind D. , Nielsen J. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveUsing national Danish registers, we estimated rates of clozapine‐associated cardiac adverse events. Rates of undiagnosed myocarditis were estimated by exploring causes of death after clozapine initiation.MethodThrough nationwide health registers, we identified all out‐patients initiating antipsychotic treatment (January 1, 1996–January 1, 2015). Rates of clozapine‐associated myocarditis and pericarditis within 2 months from clozapine initiation and rates of cardiomyopathy within 1–2 years from clozapine initiation were compared to rates for other antipsychotics. Mortality within 2 months from clozapine initiation was extracted.ResultsThree thousand two hundred and sixty‐two patients of a total 7932 patients initiated clozapine as out‐patients (41.12%). One patient (0.03%) developed myocarditis, and no patients developed pericarditis within 2 months from clozapine initiation. Two (0.06%) and four patients (0.12%) developed cardiomyopathy within 1 and 2 years respectively. Rates were similar for other antipsychotics. Twenty‐six patients died within 2 months from clozapine initiation. Pneumonia (23.08%) and stroke (11.54%) were the main causes of death. We estimated the maximum rate of clozapine‐associated fatal myocarditis to 0.28%.ConclusionCardiac adverse effects in Danish out‐patients initiating clozapine treatment are extremely rare and these rates appear to be comparable to those observed for other antipsychotic drugs.
Out of the frying pan: Reintroduction of toad‐smart northern quolls to southern Kakadu National Park
Authors: Jolly Christopher J. , Kelly Ella , Gillespie Graeme R. , Phillips Ben , Webb Jonathan K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInvasive species are a leading cause of native biodiversity loss. In Australia, the toxic, invasive cane toad Rhinella marina has caused massive and widespread declines of northern quolls Dasyurus hallucatus. Quolls are fatally poisoned if they mistakenly prey on adult toads. To prevent the extinction of this native dasyurid from the Top End, an insurance population was set up in 2003 on two toad‐free islands in Arnhem Land. In 2015, quolls were collected from one of these islands (Astell) for reintroduction. We used conditioned taste aversion to render 22 of these toad‐naïve quolls toad averse. Seven quolls received no taste aversion training. The source island was also predator‐free, so all quolls received very basic predator‐aversion training. In an attempt to re‐establish the mainland population, we reintroduced these 29 northern quolls into Kakadu National Park in northern Australia where cane toads have been established for 13 years. The difference in survival between toad‐averse and toad‐naive quolls was immediately apparent. Toad‐naive quolls were almost all killed by toads within 3 days. Toad‐averse quolls, on the other hand, not only survived longer but also were recorded mating. Our predator training, however, was far less effective. Dingo predation accounted for a significant proportion of toad‐smart quoll mortality. In Kakadu, dingoes have been responsible for high levels of quoll predation in the past and reintroduced animals are often vulnerable to predation‐mediated population extinction. Dingoes may also be more effective predators in fire degraded landscapes. Together, these factors could explain the extreme predation mortality that we witnessed. In addition, predator aversion may have been lost from the predator‐free island populations. These possibilities are not mutually exclusive but need to be investigated because they have clear bearing on the long‐term recovery of the endangered northern quoll.
Why does on‐farm storage fail to mitigate price volatility?
Authors: Maître d'Hôtel Elodie , Le Cotty Tristan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe analyze the role of farm stock management on price volatility under liquidity constraints and heterogeneous price expectations. In commodity markets, speculative behaviors by stockholders tend to reduce price volatility, but this is not the case in certain agricultural markets, where speculation by farmers regarding decisions to sell or store grain is subject to liquidity constraints and heterogeneous price expectations. Like stockholders, most farmers sell grain if they expect a price drop in the near future, but unlike stockholders, they are not necessarily able to purchase grain if they expect a price increase in the next period. Heterogeneous price expectations can also lead to suboptimal storage decisions, further increasing price volatility. For these reasons, the storage management behavior of farmers often fails to mitigate price drops in the way that speculation by stockholders does. We merge historical data on maize prices and household storage collected in Burkina Faso in order to build a dynamic panel over the 2005–2012 period. We show that carryover from one season to the next is associated with unexpected price drops during the preceding lean season and that carryover is associated with more frequent unexpected price drops following the subsequent post‐harvest season.
Chemical peels: A review of current practice
Authors: O'Connor Alicia A , Lowe Patricia M , Shumack Stephen , Lim Adrian C 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChemical peels belong to a group of cutaneous resurfacing procedures that are used in the treatment of photoageing, inflammatory dermatoses, epidermal proliferations, pigmentary disorders and scarring. This review describes best current practice, highlights recent advances in chemical peel technology and discusses the recommended uses for different peel types. It also presents the results of a survey of the chemical peeling practices of 30 Australian dermatologists.
Associations of specific postoperative complications with costs after radical cystectomy
Authors: Mossanen Matthew , Krasnow Ross E. , Lipsitz Stuart R , Preston Mark A. , Kibel Adam S. , Ha Albert , Gore John L. , Smith Angela B. , Leow Jeffrey J. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Chang Steven L. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo quantify the financial impact of complications after radical cystectomy (RC) and their associations with respective 90‐day costs, as RC is a morbid surgery plagued by complications and the expenditure attributed to specific complications after RC is not well characterised.Patients and MethodsWe used the Premier Hospital Database (Premier Inc., Charlotte, NC, USA) to identify 9 137 RC patients (weighted population of 57 553) from 360 hospitals between 2003 and 2013. Complications were categorised according to Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Clinical Classifications. Patients with and without complications were compared, and multivariable analysis was performed.ResultsAn index complication increased costs by $9 262 (95% confidence interval [CI] 8 300–10 223) and a readmission complication increased costs by $20 697 (95% CI 18 735–22 660). The four most costly index complications (descending order) were venous thromboembolism (VTE), infection, wound and soft tissue complications, and pulmonary complications (P < 0.001, vs no complication). A complication increased length of stay by 4 days (95% CI 3.6–4.3). One in five patients were readmitted in 90 days and the four costliest readmission complications (descending order) were pulmonary, bleeding, VTE, and gastrointestinal complications (P < 0.001, vs no complication). Readmitted patients had multiple complications upon readmission (median of 3, interquartile range 2–4). On multivariable analysis, more comorbidities, longer surgery (>6 h), transfusions of >3 units, and teaching hospitals were associated with higher costs (P < 0.05), whilst high‐volume surgeons and shorter surgeries (<4 h) were associated with lower costs (P < 0.05).ConclusionsComplications after RC increase index and readmission costs for hospitals, and can be categorised based on magnitude. Future initiatives in RC may also consider costs of complications when establishing quality improvement priorities for patients, providers, or policymakers.
Practicing for the Future: Deliberate Practice in Early Childhood
Authors: Brinums Melissa , Imuta Kana , Suddendorf Thomas 
Published: October 2017

Deliberate practice is essential for acquiring a wide range of skills that have been central to humans’ adaptive success, yet little is known about when and how children develop this capability. The current study examined 4‐ to 7‐year‐olds’ (N = 120) ability to selectively practice a skill that would be useful in the near future, as well as their broader understanding of the role of deliberate practice in skill acquisition. Six‐ and 7‐year‐olds demonstrated both an explicit understanding of deliberate practice and the capacity to practice without being prompted. Five‐year‐olds showed an understanding of deliberate practice and some capacity to practice, whereas 4‐year‐olds showed neither of these capabilities. Findings reveal important developments in children's future‐directed behavior beyond the preschool years.