bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of shared goal setting and decision making to achieve treatment targets in type 2 diabetes patients: A cluster‐randomized trial (OPTIMAL)
Authors: Den Ouden Henk , Vos Rimke C. , Rutten Guy E. H. M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveAbout 20% of patients with type 2 diabetes achieve all their treatment targets. Shared decision making (SDM) using a support aid based on the 5‐years results of the ADDITION study on multifactorial treatment, could increase this proportion.Research design and methodsCluster‐randomized trial in 35 former ADDITION primary care practices. Practices were randomized to SDM or care as usual (1:1). Both ADDITION and non‐ADDITION type 2 diabetes patients, 60‐80 years, known with diabetes for 8‐12 years, were included. In the intervention group, patients were presented evidence about the relationship between treatment intensity and cardiovascular events. They chose intensive or less intensive treatment and prioritized their targets. After 1 year priorities could be rearranged. Follow‐up: 24 months. Intention‐to‐treat analysis. Main outcome measure: proportion of patients that achieved all three treatment targets.ResultsAt baseline 26.4% in the SDM group (n=72) had already achieved all three treatment goals (CG: 23.5%, n=81). In the SDM group 44 patients chose intensive treatment, 25 continued their former less intensive treatment and three people switched from the more to the less intensive protocol. After 24 months 31.8% of the patients in the SDM group achieved all three treatment targets (CG: 25.3%), RR 1.26 (95% CI 0.81‐1.95). Mean systolic blood pressure decreased in the SDM group (−5.4 mm Hg, P<.01), mean HbA1c and total cholesterol did not change.ConclusionsDespite an already high baseline level of diabetes care, we found strong indications that SDM on both intensity of treatment and prioritizing treatment goals further improved outcomes.
Comprehensive characterization of RSPO fusions in colorectal traditional serrated adenomas
Authors: Sekine Shigeki , Ogawa Reiko , Hashimoto Taiki , Motohiro Kojima , Yoshida Hiroshi , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Saito Yutaka , Yasuhiro Ohno , Ochiai Atsushi , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi 
Published: May 2017

AimsTraditional serrated adenoma (TSA) is a rare but distinct type of colorectal polyp. Our previous study showed that PTPRK–RSPO3 fusions are frequent and characteristic genetic alterations in TSAs. This study aimed to characterize comprehensively the prevalence and variability of RSPO fusions in colorectal TSAs.Methods and resultsWe examined RSPO expression and explored novel RSPO fusions in 129 TSAs, including 66 lesions analysed previously for WNT pathway gene mutations. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses identified three and 43 TSAs overexpressing RSPO2 and RSPO3, respectively, whereas the expression of RSPO1 and RSPO4 was marginal or undetectable in all cases. RSPO overexpression was always mutually exclusive with other WNT pathway gene mutations. Known PTPRK–RSPO3 fusions were detected in 37 TSAs, all but one of which overexpressed RSPO3. In addition, rapid amplification of cDNA ends revealed three novel RSPO fusion transcripts, an NRIP1–RSPO2 fusion and two PTPRK–RSPO3 fusion isoforms, in six TSAs. Overall, 43 TSAs had RSPO fusions (33%), whereas four TSAs (3%) overexpressed RSPO in the absence of RSPO fusions. TSAs with RSPO fusions showed several clinicopathological features, including distal localization (P = 0.0063), larger size (P = 0.0055), prominent ectopic crypt foci (P = 8.4 × 10−4), association of a high‐grade component (P = 1.1 × 10−4), and the presence of KRAS mutations (P = 4.5 × 10−5).ConclusionsThe present study identified RSPO fusion transcripts, including three novel transcripts, in one‐third of colorectal TSAs and showed that PTPRK–RSPO3 fusions were the predominant cause of RSPO overexpression in colorectal TSA.
Improvement of hydration and epidermal barrier function in human skin by a novel compound isosorbide dicaprylate
Authors: Chaudhuri R. K. , Bojanowski K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe study involved the synthesis of a novel derivative of caprylic acid – isosorbide dicaprylate (IDC) – and the evaluation of its potential in improving water homoeostasis and epidermal barrier function in human skin.MethodsThe effect of IDC on gene expression was assayed in skin organotypic cultures by DNA microarrays. The results were then confirmed for a few key genes by quantitative PCR, immuno‐ and cytochemistry. Final validation of skin hydration properties was obtained by four separate clinical studies. Level of hydration was measured by corneometer either by using 2% IDC lotion alone vs placebo or in combination with 2% glycerol lotion vs 2% glycerol only. A direct comparison in skin hydration between 2% IDC and 2% glycerol lotions was also carried out. The epidermal barrier function improvement was assessed by determining changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) on the arms before and after treatment with 2% IDC lotion versus placebo.ResultsIDC was found to upregulate the expression of AQP3, CD44 and proteins involved in keratinocyte differentiation as well as the formation and function of stratum corneum. A direct comparison between 2% IDC versus 2% glycerol lotions revealed a three‐fold advantage of IDC in providing skin hydration. Severely dry skin treated with 2% IDC in combination with 2% glycerol showed 133% improvement, whereas 35% improvement was observed with moderately dry human skin.ConclusionTopical isosorbide dicaprylate favourably modulates genes involved in the maintenance of skin structure and function, resulting in superior clinical outcomes. By improving skin hydration and epidermal permeability barrier, it offers therapeutic applications in skin ageing.
Survival difference according to mutation status in a prospective cohort study of Australian patients with metastatic non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Tan Lavinia , Alexander Marliese , Officer Ann , MacManus Michael , Mileshkin Linda , Jennens Ross , Herath Dishan , de Boer Richard , Fox Stephen B , Ball David , Solomon Benjamin 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundNon‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease comprising not only different histological subtypes but also different molecular subtypes.AimTo describe the frequency of oncogenic drivers in patients with metastatic NSCLC, the proportion of patients tested and survival difference according to mutation status in a single‐institution study.MethodsMetastatic NSCLC patients enrolled in a prospective Thoracic Malignancies Cohort Study between July 2012 and August 2016 were selected. Patients underwent molecular testing for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements, Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS), B‐Raf proto‐oncogene (BRAF) mutations and ROS1 gene rearrangements. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method for groups of interest, and comparisons were made using the log‐rank test.ResultsA total of 392 patients were included, 43% of whom were female with median age of 64 years (28–92). Of 296 patients tested, 172 patients (58%) were positive for an oncogenic driver: 81 patients (27%) were EGFR positive, 25 patients (9%) were ALK positive, 57 patients (19%) had KRAS mutation and 9 patients (3%) were ROS1 or BRAF positive. Patients with an actionable mutation (EGFR/ALK) had a survival advantage when compared with patients who were mutation negative (hazard ratio (HR) 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33–0.71; P < 0.01). Survival difference between mutation negative and mutation status unknown was not statistically significant when adjusted for confounding factors in a multivariate analysis (HR 1.29; 95% CI 0.97–1.78, P = 0.08).ConclusionIn this prospective cohort, the presence of an actionable mutation was the strongest predictor of overall survival. These results confirm the importance of molecular testing and suggest likely survival benefit of identification and treatment of actionable oncogenes.
Pregnancy outcomes among Syrian refugee and Jordanian women: a comparative study
Authors: Alnuaimi K. , Kassab M. , Ali R. , Mohammad K. , Shattnawi K. 
Published: May 2017

AimTo compare pregnancy outcomes of Syrian refugee women and Jordanian women.Background and introductionIn the past few years, thousands of Syrians fled Syria to neighbouring countries such as Jordan as a result of the continuing conflict in their country. Pregnant refugee women are facing many difficulties that increase the prevalence of antenatal complications. However, there is limited awareness of whether Syrian refugee women have different risks of pregnancy outcomes than Jordanian women.MethodsUsing a retrospective cohort design, we examined pregnancy outcomes for Syrian refugee (N = 616) and Jordanian women (N = 644) giving birth at two governmental hospital in northern Jordan, between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2014. A checklist of 13 variables was utilized. The primary outcome measures were delivery by Caesarean section, maternal complications, low birthweight (<2500 g), APGAR score and preterm delivery (<37 weeks’ gestational age).ResultsStatistical analysis revealed that refugee mothers had a significant increase in the rate of Caesarean section and higher rate of anaemia, a lower neonates’ weight and APGAR scores when compared to their Jordanian counterparts.DiscussionResults were congruent with findings from other studies in the region and worldwide.Conclusion and implications for nursing and health policyMinimizing inequalities in pregnancy outcomes between Syrian refugees and Jordan women is a healthcare priority. The findings could guide the planning and development of health policies in Jordan that would help to alleviate the situation regarding refugee populations. Action is required by policy makers, specifically targeting public and primary healthcare services, to address the problem of adequately meeting the needs for antenatal care of this vulnerable population.
Treatments for people living with schizophrenia in Sub‐Saharan Africa: an adapted realist review
Authors: Chidarikire S. , Cross M. , Skinner I. , Cleary M. 
Published: May 2017

AimTo identify the treatments and interventions available and their impact on people living with schizophrenia in Sub‐Saharan Africa.BackgroundHelp‐seeking behaviour and the choice of treatment are largely influenced by socio‐cultural factors and beliefs about the causes of mental illness. This review addresses the gap in knowledge regarding the treatment options available to people living with schizophrenia in Sub‐Saharan Africa.DesignAdapted realist literature review.Data sourcesElectronic databases searched in June 2016 included PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ProQuest and CINAHL.Review methodsThe adapted realist review approach used to synthesize the published research involved identifying the review aim, searching and selecting relevant studies, extracting, iteratively analysing and synthesizing relevant data and reporting results.ResultsForty studies from eight countries were reviewed. Most people were treated by both faith/traditional healers and modern psychiatry. Common treatments included antipsychotics, electroconvulsive therapy and psychosocial interventions. Few treatment options were available outside major centres, there was poor adherence to medication and families reported a high level of burden associated with caring for a relative.LimitationsMajor limitations of this review were the lack of studies, variable quality and low level of evidence available from most countries from Sub‐Saharan Africa and lack of generalizability.ConclusionPeople living with schizophrenia in Sub‐Saharan Africa were treated by faith, traditional healers and modern psychiatry, if at all. Further research is needed to better understand the local situation and the implications for caring for people from this region.Implications for nursing and health policyMental health services in Sub‐Saharan Africa are limited by fiscal shortages, lack of mental health services and qualified mental health professionals. This review provides evidence to inform nursing and healthcare policy, including recruiting and training mental health professionals and ensuring access to evidence‐based, person‐centred and culturally relevant mental health services within the primary care context.
A Two‐Step Procedure to Measure Representativeness of Internet Data Sources
Authors: Beręsewicz Maciej 
Published: May 2017

SummarySo far, statistics has mainly relied on information collected from censuses and sample surveys, which are used to produce statistics about selected characteristics of the population. However, because of cost cuts and increasing non‐response in sample surveys, statisticians have started to search for new sources of information, such as registers, Internet data sources (IDSs, i.e. web portals) or big data. Administrative sources are already used for purposes of official statistics, while the suitability of the latter two sources is currently being discussed in the literature. Unfortunately, only a few papers devoted to statistical theory point out methodological problems related to the use of IDSs, particularly in the context of survey methodology. The unknown generation mechanism and the complexity of such data are often neglected in view of their size. Hence, before IDSs can be used for statistical purposes, especially for official statistics, they need to be assessed in terms of such fundamental issues as representativeness, non‐sampling errors or bias. The paper attempts to fill the first gap by proposing a two‐step procedure to measure representativeness of IDSs. The procedure will be exemplified using data about the secondary real estate market in Poland.
Foliage‐applied sodium nitroprusside and hydrogen peroxide improves resistance against terminal drought in bread wheat
Authors: Farooq M. , Nawaz A. , Chaudhary M. A. M. , Rehman A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTerminal drought is threatening the wheat productivity worldwide, which is consumed as a staple food by millions across the globe. This study was conducted to examine the influence of foliage‐applied stress signalling molecules hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 50, 100, 150 μm) and nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 50, 100, 150 μm) on resistance against terminal drought in two bread wheat cultivars Mairaj‐2008 and BARS‐2009. These stress signalling molecules were applied at anthesis stage (BBCH 61); drought was then imposed by maintaining pots at 35% water holding capacity. Terminal drought caused significant reduction in grain yield of both tested bread wheat cultivars; however, foliage application of both stress signalling molecules at either concentration improved the performance of both bread wheat cultivars. Maximum improvement in 100‐grain weight (12.2%), grains per spike (19.7%), water‐use efficiency (WUE; 19.8%), chlorophyll content index (10.7%), total soluble phenolics (21.6%) and free leaf proline (34.3%), and highest reduction in leaf malondialdehyde contents (20.4%) was recorded when H2O2 was foliage‐applied at 100 μm. Foliage application of SNP enhanced the grains per spike, 100‐grain weight and grain yield by 14.9%, 11.3% and 20.1%, respectively, than control. The foliage‐applied stress signalling molecules improved the accumulation of soluble phenolics, proline and glycine betaine with simultaneous reduction in malondialdehyde contents, which enabled wheat plants to sustain the biological membranes under stress resulting in better stay green (high chlorophyll contents) under drought. This helped improving the grain number, grain weight, grain yield, WUE and transpiration efficiency. In crux, foliage‐applied H2O2 and SNP, at pre‐optimized rate, may be opted to lessen the drought‐induced yield losses in bread wheat in climate change conditions.
Conservation of resources theory in nurse burnout and patient safety
Authors: Prapanjaroensin Aoyjai , Patrician Patricia A. , Vance David E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsTo examine how the Conservation of Resources theory explains burnout in the nursing profession.BackgroundBurnout, which is an accumulation of work‐related mental stress in people‐oriented occupations, has been an issue of concern for decades for healthcare workers, especially nurses. Yet, few studies have examined a unified theory that explains the aetiology, progression and consequences of nurse burnout.DesignThis discussion article integrates current knowledge on nurse burnout using Conservation of Resources theory, which focuses on four resources (i.e., objects, conditions, personal characteristics and energy).Data sourcesThe databases that were used in this study included CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO. All reviewed articles were published between January 2006 ‐ June 2016.FindingsThe Conservation of Resources theory explains that burnout will occur as a result of perceived or actual loss of these four resources. Furthermore, nurse burnout could affect work performance, leading to lower alertness and overall quality of care.Implications for nursingHealthcare organizations and nursing administration should develop strategies to protect nurses from the threat of resource loss to decrease nurse burnout, which may improve nurse and patient safety. The Conservation of Resources theory can guide interventions to decrease burnout and future research that examines the relationship between professional nurse burnout and patient safety.ConclusionThe Conservation of Resources theory explains the aetiology, progression and consequences of nurse burnout. Future studies must explore whether nurse performance is a mediating factor between nurse burnout and patient safety.
On the Strength of Children's Right to Bodily Integrity: The Case of Circumcision
Authors: Mazor Joseph 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article considers the question of how much weight the infringement of children's right to bodily integrity should be given compared with competing considerations. It utilises the example of circumcision to explore this question, taking as given this practice's opponents' view of circumcision's harmfulness. The article argues that the child's claim against being subjected to (presumably harmful) circumcision is neither a mere interest nor a right so strong that it trumps all competing interests. Instead, it is a right of moderate strength. Indeed, even the aggregate strength of children's rights against the practice of (presumably harmful) circumcision as a whole is not so weighty so as to always trump competing interests. The harms are not sufficiently serious to justify such a status. And the expressive wrongs associated with non‐negligently benevolent harming are much less serious than those associated with intentional harming. The debate over banning circumcision thus cannot be conducted only in terms of competing rights. Competing interests, such as those that would be set back by the departure of religious citizens, should be considered as well and might plausibly justify allowing even a rights‐infringing practice to continue.
Reducing perceived social loafing in virtual teams: The effect of team feedback with guided reflexivity
Authors: Peñarroja Vicente , Orengo Virginia , Zornoza Ana 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was twofold. The first aim was to study the effect of an intervention combining team feedback and guided reflexivity on virtual teams' affective outcomes. The second was to examine the mediating role of perceived social loafing in this relationship. An experimental laboratory study was carried out with 54 teams randomly assigned to an experimental condition or a control condition. Results showed that this intervention had an effect on satisfaction with the result, but not on group cohesion and satisfaction with the team. Moreover, perceived social loafing fully mediated the effect of this intervention on group cohesion and partially mediated its effect on satisfaction with the team and the result.
Diverse delivery methods and strong psychological benefits: A review of online formative assessment
Authors: McLaughlin T. , Yan Z. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article is a review of literature on online formative assessment (OFA). It includes a narrative summary that synthesizes the research on the diverse delivery methods of OFA, as well as the empirical literature regarding the strong psychological benefits and limitations. Online formative assessment can be delivered using many traditional assessment methods. These assessments can be delivered using a variety of programs and software. The benefits of using OFAs include both gains in achievement scores and the development of essential complex cognitive processes, such as self‐regulation. While attention is paid to both K–12 and higher education settings, this article highlights how OFA has been used distinctly in each. This paper has high utility for both academics and practitioners.
Self and identity in borderline personality disorder: Agency and mental time travel
Authors: Gold Natalie , Kyratsous Michalis 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe consider how conceptions of the self and identity from the philosophical literature can help us to understand identity disturbance in borderline personality disorder (BPD). We present 3 philosophical approaches: connectedness, narrative, and agency. We show how these map on to 3 different ways in which the self can be temporally extended. The connectedness approach is dominant in philosophy, and the narrative approach has been used by psychiatry, but we argue that the lesser‐known agency approach provides a promising way to theorize some aspects of identity disturbance in BPD. It relates the 2 diagnostic criteria of identity disturbance and disinhibition and is consistent with evidence of memory deficits and altered self‐processing in BPD patients.
Morphological variation in brain through domestication of fowl
Authors: Kawabe Soichiro , Tsunekawa Naoki , Kudo Kohei , Tirawattanawanich Chanin , Akishinonomiya Fumihito , Endo Hideki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGreat variations in the size, shape, color, feather structure and behavior are observed among fowl breeds. Because many types of domestic fowls have been bred for various purposes, they are ideal to assess the relationship between brain morphology and avian biology. However, little is known about changes in brain shape that may have occurred during fowl domestication. We analyzed the brains of red jungle fowl and domestic fowl to clarify differences in the brain shape between these breeds, as well as the shape changes associated with size enlargement using three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics. Principal component and multivariate regression analyses showed that ventrodorsal bending, anteroposterior elongation and width reduction were significantly correlated with brain size. According to the size‐dependent analysis, the red jungle fowl brain has an intermediate shape between the brain of young broilers and that of large domestic fowl and adult broilers. After the size effect is removed, geometric morphometric analyses show that the brain of red jungle fowl is different from that of domestic fowl, with large round cerebral hemispheres. Significant correlations exist between the skull length and brain volume among fowl, while the brain volume relative to the skull length is distinctly larger in red jungle fowl compared with domestic fowl. The distinct brain shape and increased relative brain size of red jungle fowl may be driven by the presence of large, rounded cerebral hemispheres.