bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functioning Among Youth with Comorbid Mood Disorder and Chronic Physical Illness in Public Sector Care
Authors: Green Amy E. , Ferrand John , Aarons Gregory A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The current study examines parent/caregiver and youth report of psychosocial and health-related functioning among youth served in public systems of care, with mood disorder only, comorbid mood disorder and chronic physical illness, and chronic physical illness only.

Method:
Participants were 539 youths (ages, 11–18; 64% male) with a mood disorder and/or chronic physical illness enrolled in a study of public sector care. Presence of mood disorder was based on youth report on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV. Parents reported whether they had been told by a school or health professional that their child had 1 of 8 categories of chronic physical illnesses. Psychosocial functioning was assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self Report. Parent and child versions of the Child Health Questionnaire assessed health-related functioning. Covariates included demographic variables, substance use, mental health service utilization, disruptive behavior disorders, and anxiety disorders. Multivariate analysis of covariances assessed differences on outcome measures among the 3 groups.

Results:
Parents and youths reported significantly worse psychosocial and health-related functioning for youth with comorbid mood and physical illnesses. Generally, parents reported lower functioning in youth with a physical illness compared with mood disorder, and youth with mood disorders reported lower functioning than those with physical illness.

Conclusion:
Youth with comorbid mood disorder and chronic physical illness experience high levels of impairment. Increased screening of mood disorders in pediatric health settings is warranted. Health systems, clinics, and clinicians should focus on integrating mental and physical health diagnosis and treatment.
Staff Responses When Parents Hit Children in a Hospital Setting
Authors: Font Sarah A. , Gershoff Elizabeth T. , Taylor Catherine A. , Terreros Amy , Nielsen-Parker Monica , Spector Lisa , Foster Rebecca H. , Budzak Garza Ann , Olson-Dorff Denyse 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Physical punishment of children is a prevalent practice that is condemned by most medical professionals given its link with increased risk of child physical abuse and other adverse child outcomes. This study examined the prevalence of parent-to-child hitting in medical settings and the intervention behaviors of staff who witness it.

Method:
Staff at a children's medical center and a general medical center completed a voluntary, anonymous survey. We used descriptive statistics to examine differences in the experiences of physicians, nurses, and other medical staff. We used logistic regression to predict intervention behaviors among staff who witnessed parent-to-child hitting.

Results:
Of the hospital staff who completed the survey (N = 2863), we found that 50% of physicians, 24% of nurses, 27% of other direct care staff, and 17% of nondirect care staff witnessed parent-to-child hitting at their medical center in the past year. A majority of physicians, nurses, and other direct care staff reported intervening sometimes or always. Nondirect care staff rarely intervened. Believing staff have the responsibility to intervene, and having comfortable strategies with which to intervene were strongly predictive of intervention behavior. Staff who did not intervene commonly reported that they did not know how to respond.

Conclusion:
Many medical center staff witness parent-to-child hitting. Although some of the staff reported that they intervened when they witnessed this behavior, the findings indicate that staff may need training to identify when and how they should respond.
FUNDUS AUTOFLUORESCENCE IN A SUBCLINICAL CASE OF BEST DISEASE
Authors: Schönbach Etienne M. , Scholl Hendrik P. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
To demonstrate the usefulness of fundus autofluorescence for diagnosing a subclinical case of Best disease.

Results:
We describe a 27-year-old white woman without central visual symptoms, visual acuity of 20/12 in both eyes, carrying the previously reported p.Tyr227Cys mutation in the BEST1 gene. Although electrooculography, microperimetry (MP-1), and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography did not reveal unequivocal pathology, fundus autofluorescence imaging allowed to clearly detect a phenotypic correlate of Best disease, namely small areas of significantly increased fundus autofluorescence signals.

Conclusion:
This report suggests that in selected subclinical cases, fundus autofluorescence may be more sensitive than the MP-1 and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in the detection of subclinical cases of BEST1-associated retinopathy.
RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION IN A PATIENT WITH MATERNALLY INHERITED DIABETES AND DEAFNESS
Authors: Sanfilippo Christian J. , Prasad Pradeep , Sarraf David 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
To report a case of maternally inherited diabetes and deafness complicated by branch retinal vein occlusion and cystoid macular edema.

Methods:
Retrospective case report. Multimodal imaging including spectral domain optical coherence tomography, en face optical coherence tomography, and fundus autofluorescence was preformed, and the findings are presented.

Findings:
A 58-year-old female with a history of diabetes mellitus, hearing loss, and a previous diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration presented with decreased vision in the right eye. Clinical examination and multimodal imaging demonstrated a right inferior branch retinal vein occlusion complicated by cystoid macular edema and bilateral maculopathy suspicious for maternally inherited diabetes and deafness. Genetic testing confirmed an A3243G mitochondrial mutation.

Conclusion:
Multimodal retinal imaging is a key to guide diagnosis of rare genetic diseases such as maternally inherited diabetes and deafness. We report the unusual presentation of maternally inherited diabetes and deafness complicated by branch retinal vein occlusion and cystoid macular edema.
The Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Children With Arterial Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Balci Oya , Sezer Taner 
Published: August 2016

Objective:
The association between arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and celiac disease (CD) has been described in only a few cases in adults and children. We aim to determine the prevalence of CD in children and adolescents with AIS.

Study Design:
We investigated serum levels of tissue transglutaminase antibody immunoglobulin (Ig)A and total IgA from 76 children with AIS and in a healthy control group of 102 children. Study participants who were positive for tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies underwent a duodenal biopsy.

Results:
A total of 2 patients in the AIS group (2.26%) and 2 in the control group (1.96%) had positive serum tissue transglutaminase antibody (P=0.89; 95% confidence interval, −5.05 to 6.89). Duodenal biopsy confirmed CD in only 1 patient who had AIS.

Conclusions:
In the present study, children with acute arterial stroke did not exhibit a higher prevalence rate of CD compared with healthy controls. Therefore, the screening test for CD is not a necessary part of the management of AIS in children. However, cases of recurrent AIS could be examined for CD.
Retropharyngeal Abscess and Mediastinitis in a Well-Appearing Infant With Prolonged Fever
Authors: Vinograd Alexandra M. , Zonfrillo Mark R. , Pawel Barbara 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Fever is a common presenting chief complaint in the pediatric emergency department. We report the case of a well-appearing 11-month-old female with 2 weeks of daily fevers who was found to have an extensive retropharyngeal abscess with mediastinal and extrapleural extension. We review the literature on retropharyngeal abscesses and mediastinitis in children and note that this patient is unusual as she presented with such extensive disease with minimal symptoms. This case demonstrates the importance of a thorough history and broad differential diagnosis when evaluating children presenting prolonged fevers.
Viral outbreaks involve destabilized evolutionary networks: evidence from Ebola, Influenza and Zika
Authors: Aris-Brosou Stéphane , Ibeh Neke , Noël Jessica 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecent history has provided us with one pandemic (Influenza A/H1N1) and two severe viral outbreaks (Ebola and Zika). In all three cases, post-hoc analyses have given us deep insights into what triggered these outbreaks, their timing, evolutionary dynamics, and phylogeography, but the genomic characteristics of outbreak viruses are still unclear. To address this outstanding question, we searched for a common denominator between these recent outbreaks, positing that the genome of outbreak viruses is in an unstable evolutionary state, while that of non-outbreak viruses is stabilized by a network of correlated substitutions. Here, we show that during regular epidemics, viral genomes are indeed stabilized by a dense network of weakly correlated sites, and that these networks disappear during pandemics and outbreaks when rates of evolution increase transiently. Post-pandemic, these evolutionary networks are progressively re-established. We finally show that destabilization is not caused by substitutions targeting epitopes, but more likely by changes in the environmentsensu lato. Our results prompt for a new interpretation of pandemics as being associated with evolutionary destabilized viruses.
How cognitive genetic factors influence fertility outcomes: A mediational SEM analysis
Authors: Woodley Menie Michael A. , Schwartz Joseph A. , Beaver Kevin M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTUtilizing a newly released cognitive Polygenic Score (PGS) from Wave IV of Add Health (n= 1,886), structural equation models (SEMs) examining the relationship between PGS and fertility (which is approximately 50% complete in the present sample), utilizing measures of verbal IQ and educational attainment as potential mediators, were estimated. The results of indirect pathway models revealed that verbal IQ mediates the positive relationship between PGS and educational attainment, and educational attainment in turn mediates the negative relationship between IQ and a latent fertility measure. The direct path from PGS to fertility was non-significant. The model was robust to controlling for age, sex and race, furthermore the results of a multi-group SEM revealed no significant differences in the estimated path coefficients across sex. These results indicate that those predisposed towards higher IQ by virtue of higher PGS values are also predisposed towards trading fertility against time spent in education, which contributes to those with higher PGS values producing fewer offspring.
Single-cell quantitation of histones and histone post-translational modifications across the cell cycle by high-throughput imaging
Authors: Zane Linda , Chapus Fleur , Pegoraro Gianluca , Misteli Tom 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTPost-translational modifications (PTM) of histone proteins are critical determinants of genome function. Analysis of histone PTM levels has traditionally been performed using biochemical bulk methods to measure individual modifications. These approaches are generally unable to detect differences in histone and histone PTM levels during the cell cycle, do not provide information on variability amongst individual cells, and they are not suitable for multiplexing to comprehensively analyze large numbers of histone modifications in single experiments. We have developed HiHiMap (High-throughputHistoneMapping), an automated high-throughput immunofluorescence technique to determine histone and histone PTM levels across the cell cycle at the single-cell level in a highly parallel format. Our approach uses imaging-based quantification of DNA content and cyclin A levels to stage individual cells in the cell cycle combined with determination of the corresponding histone and histone PMT levels in the same cells. We have applied HiHiMap to a set of 22 histone variants and histone modifications. As proof-of-principle for a biological application, we use HiHiMap to the histone and histone PTMs landscape in primary, immortalized and oncogenically transformed cells. We find differences in the behavior of a specific set of histone PTM during the the cell cycle in transformed cells compared to normal and immortalized cells. The method developed here is widely applicable to the systematic study of histone modifications in physiological and pathological settings at the single-cell level.
Accounting doctorates produced in South Africa 2008-2014
Authors: de Jager Phillip , Frick Beatrice Liezel 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the production of accounting doctorates in South Africa during the period from 2008 to 2014. The investigation was prompted by calls to qualify more academics at the doctoral level, bearing in mind that postgraduate supervision forms part of an academic’s core teaching responsibilities.

Design/methodology/approach
This archival study uses data obtained from the institutional repositories of four research-intensive universities in South Africa to construct a profile of the accounting doctoral theses produced.

Findings
Overall, the findings indicate a move towards the international requirement for doctoral-qualified accounting academics, implying an increased research orientation in South African university accounting departments. Some of the detail findings follow: most doctorates were produced at the University of Cape Town and the University of Pretoria. The accounting fields of taxation and financial management produced the most doctorates. Almost 50 per cent of the doctorates went to members of staff. Further, 28 per cent of the doctorates went to students with the CA(SA) professional qualification. The use of the PhD by publication format is growing. The low quantity of PhDs produced can possibly be explained by the low numbers of PhD qualified professorial staff who can act as supervisors. Lastly, the accounting doctorates analysed in this paper were longer and supervised by more people than the typical commerce faculty doctorate.

Research limitations/implications
Not all South African universities were included in the study and therefore some accounting doctorates might have been excluded. In addition, accounting education doctorates, possibly supervised in faculties of education, would also be excluded in view of the approach followed in this paper, which was to identify accounting doctorates via departments and commerce faculties.

Originality/value
This article is the first of its kind to examine the accounting doctorates produced in South Africa since Van der Schyf’s (2008) call for the establishment of a research culture in the accounting departments of South African universities. As such, this paper makes an important contribution towards how such a research culture may be enhanced through cultivating doctoral education in this context.
Re-imagining social enterprise
Authors: Kay Alan , Roy Michael J. , Donaldson Cam 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This intentionally polemical paper will aim to re-examine what is meant by social enterprise and try to assert its role within the current economic system. It is well over a decade since John Pearce’s Social Enterprise in Anytown was first published. Since then the term “social enterprise” has been used in multiple ways by politicians, practitioners and academics – very often for their own ideological ends.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper will outline the context and challenges currently facing social enterprise both from outside and from inside the social enterprise movement.

Findings
This paper re-affirms a paradigm for social enterprises through re-imagining how social enterprise should and could contribute to the creation of a fairer and more just society.

Originality/value
Finally, this paper will conclude with a reflection on what Pearce argued and how the social enterprise movement has to position itself as a viable alternative way of creating goods and services based on socially responsible values.
A four-step blueprint for digital reinvention
Authors: Berman Saul J. , Korsten Peter J. , Marshall Anthony 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
Digital reinvention helps organizations create unique, compelling experiences for their customers, partners, employees and other stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach
Digital reinvention combines the capabilities of multiple technologies, including cloud, cognitive, mobile and the Internet of Things (IoT) to rethink customer and partner relationships from a perspective of fundamental customer need, use or aspiration.

Findings
The most successful digitally reinvented businesses establish a platform of engagement for their customers, with the business acting as enabler, conduit and partner

Practical implications
For successful digital reinvention, organizations need to pursue a new strategic focus, build new expertise and establish new ways of working.

Originality/value
The article offers a blueprint for digital reinvention that involves rethinking customer and partner relationships from a perspective of fundamental customer need, use or aspiration.
Four best practices for strategic planning
Authors: Kachaner Nicolas , King Kermit , Stewart Sam 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The authors identify the practices that the companies that get the most benefit from their strategic-planning activities have in common:

Design/methodology/approach
The authors describe how successful companies achieve better strategic planning: They explore strategy at distinct time horizons. They constantly reinvent and stimulate the strategic dialogue. They engage the broad organization. They invest in execution and monitoring.

Findings
By focusing a standard process on addressing new questions, the strategic dialogue will remain rich, because participants will have new analyses to consider and fundamentally different ideas to discuss; so strategists – and business leaders – have to learn the “art of questioning.””

Practical implications
A good approach is to ask the leaders of the business units to identify the most important questions that the center should be asking them in today’s turbulent competitive environments.”

Originality/value
An high-value overview of strategic planning for the novice and seasoned practitioner alike. A well-chosen extended strategy team and an always-on monthly strategy assessment process can be a powerful early-warning system.
The nuanced negative: Meanings of a negative diagnostic result in clinical exome sequencing
Authors: Skinner Debra , Raspberry Kelly A. , King Martha 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGenomic sequencing technology is moving rapidly from the research setting into clinical medicine but significant technological and interpretive challenges remain. Exome sequencing (ES) in its recent clinical application provides a genetic diagnosis in about 25 per cent of cases (Berg 2014). While this diagnostic yield is substantial, it also indicates that in a majority of cases, patients are receiving negative results (i.e. no explanatory genetic variant found) from this technology. There are a number of uncertainties regarding the meaning of a negative result in the current context of ES. A negative result may be due to current technological limitations that hinder detection of disease‐causing variants or to gaps in the knowledge base that prohibit accurate interpretation of their pathogenicity; or it may indicate that there is not a genetic etiology for the disorder. In this paper we examine the uncertainties and nuances of the negative result from genome sequencing and how both clinicians and patients make meaning of it as revealed in ethnographic observations of the clinic session where results are returned, and in interviews with patients. We find that clinicians and patients construct the meaning of a negative result in ways that are uncertain, contingent, and multivalent; but invested with optimism, promise, and potentiality.
Postharvest senescence of fresh lotus pods and seeds is delayed by treatment with 1‐methylcyclopropene
Authors: Li P.X. , Gao J.X. , Hu H.L. , Luo S.F. , Zhang L.G. 
Published: August 2016

AbsractFresh lotus pods were treated with 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) at a concentration of 0.5 μL L−1 for 24 h at 25°C and then stored at 25°C for 8 days. First, their quality and physiological changes during storage were measured in terms of visual appearance, respiration rate, firmness, and the contents of sugars, protein, total phenolics and malondialdehyde (MDA). The results showed that the 1‐MCP treatment reduced the browning of fresh lotus pods, and inhibited the respiration rate during storage. In addition, the 1‐MCP treatment alleviated changes in firmness, delayed starch and protein degradation, and the accumulation of reducing sugars and total sugars in lotus seeds, preserving the good taste of lotus seeds. Moreover, the 1‐MCP treatment alleviated the increase of MDA and effectively inhibited the decrease in total phenolics in lotus seeds during days 6 to 8 of storage. Meanwhile, the results of antioxidant capacity in lotus seeds indicated that 1‐MCP not only sustained a higher level of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity, but also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase throughout the storage period. However, the 1‐MCP treatment reduced polyphenol oxidase activity in seeds relative to the control. Moreover, we found that the adenosine triphosphate content and energy charge during the last 4 days of storage were higher in 1‐MCP‐treated seeds than in the control. These results indicated that the use of 0.5 μL L−1 1‐MCP provided an effective method, via multiple lines of evidence, to delay the postharvest senescence of fresh lotus pods and seeds.
Dental enamel defects, caries experience and oral health‐related quality of life: a cohort study
Authors: Arrow P 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of enamel defects of the first permanent molars on caries experience and child oral health‐related quality of life was evaluated in a cohort study.MethodsChildren who participated in a study of enamel defects of the first permanent molars 8 years earlier were invited for a follow‐up assessment. Consenting children completed the Child Perception Questionnaire and the faces Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale, and were examined by two calibrated examiners. ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, negative binomial and logistic regression were used for data analyses.ResultsOne hundred and eleven children returned a completed questionnaire and 91 were clinically examined. Negative binomial regression found that oral health impacts were associated with gender (boys, risk ratio (RR) = 0.73, P = 0.03) and decayed, missing or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) (RR = 1.1, P = 0.04). The mean DMFT of children were sound (0.9, standard deviation (SD) = 1.4), diffuse defects (0.8, SD = 1.7), demarcated defects (1.5, SD = 1.4) and pit defects (1.3, SD = 2.3) (Kruskal–Wallis, P = 0.05). Logistic regression of first permanent molar caries found higher odds of caries experience with baseline primary tooth caries experience (odds ratio (OR) = 1.5, P = 0.01), the number of teeth affected by enamel defects (OR = 1.9, P = 0.05) and lower odds with the presence of diffuse enamel defects (OR = 0.1, P = 0.04).ConclusionsThe presence of diffuse enamel defects was associated with lower odds of caries experience.