bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking the biology and ecology of key herbivorous unicornfish to fisheries management in the Pacific
Authors: Ford Amanda K. , Bejarano Sonia , Marshell Alyssa , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Naso lituratus (orangespine unicornfish) and Naso unicornis (bluespine unicornfish) are widespread species that are heavily targeted in many nearshore fisheries of Pacific Island countries. In addition to providing a critical food and income source, both species fulfil critical ecological functions in the top‐down control of coral reef macroalgae; particularly fleshy brown algae (i.e. Sargassum spp.) which can out‐compete and smother corals.
Despite heavy long‐term harvesting, there are currently very limited species‐specific management measures. This review assesses the biology and ecology of both species, and combines this with the current status of the fisheries in the Pacific, and proposes realistic ecosystem‐based species‐specific fisheries policies.
Although unicornfish populations have displayed continuing resilience to heavy fishing pressure, reports of declining stocks combined with a range of life‐history traits (i.e. longevity, habitat‐specificity, easily targeted aggregations), indicate that both species are vulnerable to overexploitation. Modern day common fishing practices such as scuba and night‐time spearfishing are intensifying their exploitation.
The most effective management measure would be fishing effort constraints, including banning modern and unsustainable methods. However, owing to enforcement limitations in Pacific Islands, the most practical approach to management would include a combination of management tools, including periodic sales bans around identified spawning times (i.e. Hawaii; May–June), and size/catch limits.
Furthermore, home range data suggest that even with limited knowledge, small MPAs (<1 km2) in structurally complex areas using natural boundaries should accommodate the movement patterns of both species and provide sufficient protection; although MPAs of > 10 km linear distance are recommended for N. lituratus.
This comprehensive review confirms the pressing need for implementation of the aforementioned management practices to protect these species in regions where they are heavily targeted, and prevent the impairment of their critical ecological function and importance as a food and income source.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors associated with sinus bradycardia during crizotinib treatment: a retrospective analysis of two large‐scale multinational trials (PROFILE 1005 and 1007)
Authors: Ou Sai‐Hong Ignatius , Tang Yiyun , Polli Anna , Wilner Keith D. , Schnell Patrick 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDecreases in heart rate (HR) have been described in patients receiving crizotinib. We performed a large retrospective analysis of HR changes during crizotinib therapy. HRs from vital‐sign data for patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive nonsmall cell lung cancer enrolled in PROFILE 1005 and the crizotinib arm of PROFILE 1007 were analyzed. Sinus bradycardia (SB) was defined as HR <60 beats per minute (bpm). Magnitude and timing of HR changes were assessed. Potential risk factors for SB were investigated by logistic regression analysis. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was evaluated according to HR decrease by <20 versus ≥20 bpm within the first 50 days of starting treatment. For the 1053 patients analyzed, the mean maximum postbaseline HR decrease was 25 bpm (standard deviation 15.8). Overall, 441 patients (41.9%) had at least one episode of postbaseline SB. The mean precrizotinib treatment HR was significantly lower among patients with versus without postbaseline SB (82.2 bpm vs. 92.6 bpm). The likelihood of experiencing SB was statistically significantly higher among patients with a precrizotinib treatment HR <70 bpm. PFS was comparable among patients with or without HR decrease of ≥20 bpm within the first 50 days of starting crizotinib. Decrease in HR is very common among patients on crizotinib. The likelihood of experiencing SB was statistically significantly higher among patients with a precrizotinib treatment HR <70 bpm. This is the first large‐scale report investigating the association between treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and the development of bradycardia. HRs should be closely monitored during crizotinib treatment.
Pd/C as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Selective N‐Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols
Authors: Liu Xiang , Hermange Philippe , Ruiz Jaime , Astruc Didier 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn efficient Pd/C‐catalyzed synthesis of secondary amines involving C−N bond formation was achieved from amines and alcohols with H2O as the only byproduct. This common, green, commercial, and cheap catalyst was recycled five times in this sustainable, simple, and economic procedure.
Waste Lard Methanolysis Catalyzed by KOH at Moderate Temperatures
Authors: Stojković Ivan J. , Banković‐Ilić Ivana B. , Veličković Ana V. , Avramović Jelena M. , Stamenković Olivera S. , Povrenović Dragan S. , Veljković Vlada B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe KOH‐catalyzed methanolysis of waste lard from piglet roasting in a moderate temperature range was investigated in order to establish the reaction kinetics. For comparison, lard and thermally treated lard were also included in the study. All three reactions occurred via a pseudo‐homogeneous regime where the chemical reaction controlled the overall process kinetics. A simple kinetic model comprising the irreversible pseudo‐first‐order reaction was demonstrated for all three fatty feedstocks. The reaction rate constant increases with raising the fatty acid unsaturation degree. The final products satisfied the EN 14214 biodiesel standard specifications.
CO2 Capture Performance of Calcium‐Based Sorbents in the Presence of SO2 under Pressurized Carbonation
Authors: Chen Huichao , Zhao Changsui 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn order to understand the effect of SO2 on the CO2 capture performance under pressurized carbonation conditions, tests by orthogonal design were carried out in a calcination/pressurized carbonation reactor system. The effects of variables such as carbonation temperature, carbonation pressure, SO2 concentration, CO2 concentration, and the number of cycles on carbonation and sulfation were investigated. A range method was employed for analysis. Phase structure and scanning electron microscopy images were measured as supplement for a reaction study. Temperature increase enhanced the SO2 capture, leading to a rapid decay in CO2 uptake. The carbonation pressure had a stronger effect on the CO2 uptake than the temperature. SO2 uptake increased rapidly with increasing pressure while CO2 uptake decreased.
Concentration Distribution of Droplets in a Liquid‐Liquid Hydrocyclone and its Application
Authors: Qian Peng , Ma Ji , Liu Yi , Yang Xuejin , Zhang Yanhong , Wang Hualin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe concentration distribution of droplets in liquid‐liquid hydrocyclones was studied using a phase Doppler particle analyzer. The effect of cone angle and inlet flow flux on the concentration distribution of droplets was determined. The cone angle of the hydrocyclone obviously influenced the maximum droplet concentration, especially that in the cone section. The hydrocyclone with a cone angle of 6° presented the best separation result. A higher inlet flow rate enhanced the separation of droplets from the water. The concentration profiles at five different axial heights presented a parabola law pattern in the radial direction. The optimized hydrocyclone was applied for the dewatering of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). The amount of residual water could be greatly reduced.
Structure of Amido Pyridinium Betaines: Persistent Intermolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅N Hydrogen Bonding in Solution
Authors: Thatcher Robert J. , Johnson David G. , Slattery John M. , Douthwaite Richard E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA hydrogen bond of the type C−H⋅⋅⋅X (X=O or N) is known to influence the structure and function of chemical and biological systems in solution. C−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonding in solution has been extensively studied, both experimentally and computationally, whereas the equivalent thermodynamic parameters have not been enumerated experimentally for C−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds. This is, in part, due to the lack of systems that exhibit persistent C−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds in solution. Herein, a class of molecule based on a biologically active norharman motif that exhibits unsupported intermolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds in solution has been described. A pairwise interaction leads to dimerisation to give bond strengths of about 7 kJ mol−1 per hydrogen bond, which is similar to chemically and biologically relevant C−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonding. The experimental data is supported by computational work, which provides additional insight into the hydrogen bonding by consideration of electrostatic and orbital interactions and allowed a comparison between calculated and extrapolated NMR chemical shifts.
The Bond Order of C2 from a Strictly N‐Representable Natural Orbital Energy Functional Perspective
Authors: Piris Mario , Lopez Xabier , Ugalde Jesus M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe bond order of the ground electronic state of the carbon dimer has been analyzed in the light of natural orbital functional theory calculations carried out with an approximate, albeit strictly N‐representable, energy functional. Three distinct solutions have been found from the Euler equations of the minimization of the energy functional with respect to the natural orbitals and their occupation numbers, which expand upon increasing values of the internuclear coordinate. In the close vicinity of the minimum energy region, two of the solutions compete around a discontinuity point. The former, corresponding to the absolute minimum energy, features two valence natural orbitals of each of the following symmetries, σ, σ*, π and π*, and has three bonding interactions and one antibonding interaction, which is very suggestive of a bond order large than two but smaller than three. The latter, features one σ–σ* linked pair of natural orbitals and three degenerate pseudo‐bonding like orbitals, paired each with one triply degenerate pseudo‐antibonding orbital, which points to a bond order larger than three. When correlation effects, other than Hartree–Fock for example, between the paired natural orbitals are accounted for, this second solution vanishes yielding a smooth continuous dissociation curve. Comparison of the vibrational energies and electron ionization energies, calculated on this curve, with their corresponding experimental marks, lend further support to a bond order for C2 intermediate between acetylene and ethylene.
Scheduling trade‐off of dynamic multiple parallel workflows on heterogeneous distributed computing systems
Authors: Xie Guoqi , Liu Liangjiao , Yang Liu , Li Renfa 
Published: January 2016

SummaryScheduling multiple parallel workflows, which arrive at different instants on heterogeneous distributed computing systems, is a great challenge because of the different requirements of resource providers and users. Overall scheduling length is the main concern of resource providers, whereas deadlines of workflows are the major requirements of users. Most algorithms use fairness‐based strategies to reduce the overall scheduling length. However, these algorithms cause obvious unfairness to longer‐makespan workflows or shorter‐makespan workflows. Furthermore, the systems cannot meet the deadlines of all workflows, particularly on large‐scale resource‐constrained computational grids. Gaining a reasonable balance between the overall scheduling length and the deadlines of workflows is a desirable goal. In this study, we first propose a fairness‐based scheduling algorithm called fairness‐based dynamic multiple heterogeneous selection value to achieve high performance of systems compared with existing works. Then, to meet the deadlines of partial higher‐priority workflows, we present a priority‐based scheduling algorithm called priority‐based dynamic multiple heterogeneous selection value. Finally, combining fairness‐based dynamic multiple heterogeneous selection value and priority‐based dynamic multiple heterogeneous selection value, we present the tradeoff‐based scheduling algorithm to meet the deadlines of more higher‐priority workflows while still allowing the lower‐priority workflows to be processed actively for better performance of systems. Both example and extensive experimental evaluations demonstrate significant improvement of our proposed algorithms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
You eat what you are: personality‐dependent filial cannibalism in a fish with paternal care
Authors: Vallon Martin , Grom Christina , Kalb Nadine , Sprenger Dennis , Anthes Nils , Lindström Kai , Heubel Katja U. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMany animal parents invest heavily to ensure offspring survival, yet some eventually consume some or all of their very own young. This so‐called filial cannibalism is known from a wide range of taxa, but its adaptive benefit remains largely unclear. The extent to which parents cannibalize their broods varies substantially not only between species, but also between individuals, indicating that intrinsic behavioral differences, or animal personalities, might constitute a relevant proximate trigger for filial cannibalism. Using a marine fish with extensive paternal care, the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps),we investigated the influence of animal personality on filial cannibalism by assessing (1) behavioral consistency across a breeding and a nonbreeding context; (2) correlations between different breeding (egg fanning; filial cannibalism) and nonbreeding (activity) behaviors, and, in a separate experiment; (3) whether previously established personality scores affect filial cannibalism levels. We found consistent individual differences in activity across contexts. Partial filial cannibalism was independent of egg fanning but correlated strongly with activity, where active males cannibalized more eggs than less active males. This pattern was strong initially but vanished as the breeding season progressed. The incidence of whole clutch filial cannibalism increased with activity and clutch size. Our findings indicate that filial cannibalism cannot generally be adjusted independently of male personality and is thus phenotypically less plastic than typically assumed. The present work stresses the multidimensional interaction between animal personality, individual plasticity and the environment in shaping filial cannibalism.
Green Synthesis of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Materials: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
Authors: Unterlass Miriam M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe term “inorganic–organic hybrid materials” designates inorganic building blocks in the colloidal domain (1–1000 nm) embedded in an organic, typically polymeric, matrix. Owing to their outstanding properties, hybrid materials have the potential to improve human life significantly. In the last two decades, the importance of reorienting chemical syntheses in the direction of more sustainable, less harmful and energy‐consuming procedures, referred to as green chemistry, has been much emphasized and worked on. This review deals with the application of green chemistry to the synthesis of inorganic–organic hybrid materials. The origin and preparation both of the inorganic components and of the organic polymer matrix are critically analyzed for various examples. The development of more sustainable syntheses for hybrid materials still poses an open challenge. Potential options to tackle this task are discussed.
Bipyridinium‐bis(carboxylate) Radical Based Materials: X‐ray, EPR and Paramagnetic Solid‐State NMR Investigations
Authors: Toma Oksana , Leroux Maxime , Mercier Nicolas , Allain Magali , Kassiba Abdel Hadi , Swamy Shashi Kumar Kumara , Dittmer Jens 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe zwitterionic 1,1′‐bis(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐4,4′‐bipyridinium (bp4pc) has been synthesized and crystals of its hydrated form bp4pc·2H2O and of its protonated reduced form H‐bp4pc have been obtained. Upon heating, bp4pc·2H2O undergoes partial dehydration, leading to bp4pc·H2O at 160 °C, together with a color change from yellow (room temperature) to green (140 °C) and finally to brown (160–180 °C). Analysis of bond lengths in the solid state reveals the expected short (d = 1.425 Å) and long (d = 1.485 Å) C–C central bond lengths in the all‐radical salt H‐bp4pc and bp4pc·2H2O, respectively, whereas the distance of 1.475 Å in bp4pc·H2O does not allow a conclusion to be drawn regarding the presence of radicals in this compound. EPR and solid‐state paramagnetic NMR experiments of H‐bp4pc and the hydrated zwitterion bp4pc·2H2O at different temperatures, however, show that the color change of the latter upon heating is due to the presence of bipyridinium radicals, the concentration of which, although low, increases with increasing temperature. The nature of the electron donor involved in this thermal‐induced electron transfer is not fully understood. Most plausible is the possibility that it is the carboxylate group with an intramolecular electron‐transfer process; on the other hand it, cannot be excluded that the electron stems from the water molecule, which decomposes into O2, H+, and e– giving H‐bp4pc entities.
A Series of Copper–Lanthanide Heterometallic Coordination Polymers Derived from Pyridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylic Acid and in situ Generated Succinic Acid
Authors: Zhang Ju‐Wen , Kan Xiao‐Min , Li Xiao‐Li , Liu Ying , Liu Bin‐Qiu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA series of copper–lanthanide heterometallic coordination polymers (CPs), [LnCu(2,3‐pydc)2(suc)0.5(H2O)3]·H2O [Ln = La (1), Pr (2), Nd (3), Sm (4), Gd (5), and Eu (6), 2,3‐H2pydc = pyridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid, H2suc = succinic acid], [Ln2Cu3(2,3‐pydc)6(H2O)10]·8H2O [Ln = Eu (7), Tb (8), Dy (9), and Er (10)], and [Ln2Cu(2,3‐pydc)2(suc)(µ2‐OH)2(H2O)2]·2H2O [Ln = Er (11), Yb (12), and Lu (13)], were synthesized by the hydrothermal reactions of LnCl3·nH2O, Cu(NO3)2·3H2O, pyridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid (2,3‐H2pydc), and N,N′‐di(4H‐1,2,4‐triazole)butanamide (dtb). CPs 1–13 possess three types of three‐dimensional (3D) frameworks. In 1–6, the dinuclear Cu2(2,3‐pydc)4 and Ln2(COO)2 units link to each other to form two‐dimensional (2D) layers, which are extended by the suc anions into a 3D framework. In 7–10, the lanthanide ions connect the trinuclear Cu3(2,3‐pydc)6 units into a 3D framework. In 11–13, the mononuclear Cu(2,3‐pydc)2 units bridge the one‐dimensional (1D) lanthanide chains into 2D layers, which are linked by the suc anions into a 3D framework. CP 9 shows a field‐induced slow magnetic relaxation behavior with a Ueff value of 83.7 K.
Optically Active 4‐Substituted 5‐Nitropentan‐2‐ones: Valuable Chiral Building Blocks for the Stereocontrolled Construction of Spiro‐Pyrazolone Scaffolds with Five Contiguous Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Sun Jiao , Jiang Cuiping , Zhou Zhenghong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe application of readily available optically active 4‐substituted 5‐nitropentan‐2‐ones as chiral building blocks in the stereocontrolled construction of spiro‐pyrazolone scaffolds was investigated. In the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (1 equiv.) optically active 4‐substituted 5‐nitropentan‐4‐ones exhibited excellent chiral inducing abilities in the diastereoselective cascade Michael/aldol reaction with a wide range of unsaturated pyrazolones to generate the corresponding biologically significant spiro‐pyrazolone derivatives with five contiguous stereocenters in acceptable to good yield with high levels of diastereoselectivity.
Synthesis of 1,4‐Diketones from β‐Oxo Esters and Enol Acetates by ­Cerium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Umpo­lung Reaction
Authors: Geibel Irina , Christoffers Jens 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCyclic β‐oxo esters are converted with enol acetates in a cerium‐catalyzed, oxidative Umpolung reaction to furnish 1,4‐diketones with up to 95 % yield. Atmospheric oxygen is the oxidant in this process, which can be regarded as ideal from economic and ecological points of view. Further advantages of this new C–C coupling reaction are its operational simplicity and the application of nontoxic and inexpensive CeCl3·7H2O as precatalyst.
Interplay of Anode, Cathode, and Current in Microbial Fuel Cells: Implications for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Stoll Zachary A. , Dolfing Jan , Ren Zhiyong Jason , Xu Pei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe anode and cathode potentials determine the overall performance of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Thus far, research has focused on understanding the performance of individual electrodes, but there has been no investigation of how the anode or cathode potential changes as a function of the other. This study demonstrates for the first time that interplay exists between the anode and cathode electrodes, a phenomenon whereby reduction of voltage losses at one electrode increases voltage losses at the other. With our experimental data and results from the literature, a model was developed to quantify the interplay at theoretical and applied levels for wastewater treatment. The cause of the interplay was attributed to the reactant/product concentration gradient that exists between the bulk‐catholyte–cathode and biofilm–anode electrode surfaces. These findings advance our fundamental understanding of MFCs and provide new insight into how to improve performance for wastewater treatment and energy production.
3D Hierarchically Interconnected Porous Graphene Containing Sulfur for Stable High Rate Li–S Batteries
Authors: Qian Weiwei , Gao Qiuming , Yang Kai , Tian Weiqian , Tan Yanli , Yang Chunxiao , Zhang Hang , Li Zeyu , Zhu Lihua 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA simple strategy for the reduction of graphene oxide by annealing was used to produce 3D hierarchically interconnected porous graphene (HIPG) samples. The optimized HIPG‐900 sample possessing a specific surface area of 367.4 m2 g−1 and pore volume of 1.3 cm3 g−1 contains a large amount of sulfur (65.8 wt %) and improves the utilization of sulfur when used as the cathode of Li–S batteries. A high initial specific discharge capacity of 914.1 mAh g−1 and a specific capacity of 486.0 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles was obtained for HIPG‐900/S composites at 1C. A high specific capacity of 467.2 and 162.4 mAh g−1 was obtained at a high rate of 10C with a Coulombic efficiency of over 90.0 % at the 1st and 500th cycle, respectively.