bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From richer to poorer: successful invasion by freshwater fishes depends on species richness of donor and recipient basins
Authors: Fitzgerald Daniel B. , Tobler Michael , Winemiller Kirk O. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEvidence for the theory of biotic resistance is equivocal, with experiments often finding a negative relationship between invasion success and native species richness, and large‐scale comparative studies finding a positive relationship. Biotic resistance derives from local species interactions, yet global and regional studies often analyze data at coarse spatial grains. In addition, differences in competitive environments across regions may confound tests of biotic resistance based solely on native species richness of the invaded community. Using global and regional data sets for fishes in river and stream reaches, we ask two questions: (1) does a negative relationship exist between native and non‐native species richness and (2) do non‐native species originate from higher diversity systems. A negative relationship between native and non‐native species richness in local assemblages was found at the global scale, while regional patterns revealed the opposite trend. At both spatial scales, however, nearly all non‐native species originated from river basins with higher native species richness than the basin of the invaded community. Together, these findings imply that coevolved ecological interactions in species‐rich systems inhibit establishment of generalist non‐native species from less diverse communities. Consideration of both the ecological and evolutionary aspects of community assembly is critical to understanding invasion patterns. Distinct evolutionary histories in different regions strongly influence invasion of intact communities that are relatively unimpacted by human actions, and may explain the conflicting relationship between native and non‐native species richness found at different spatial scales.
Constructing climate capitalism: corporate power and the global climate policy‐planning network
Authors: SAPINSKI JEAN PHILIPPE 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this article, I analyse the corporate hegemonic structures of power underlying the project of climate capitalism. I present climate capitalism as an emerging regime of accumulation founded on carbon markets and the ecological modernization of production, which could replace the prevalent carboniferous capitalist regime and provide a deeply needed reduction of carbon emissions. I map out the network of corporate‐funded climate and environmental policy groups participating in climate capitalist knowledge production and mobilization to provide a critical appraisal of the possibility of such a transition. The positioning of these policy groups allows them to play a crucial role as intermediaries between regional and sectoral corporate interests and they provide a crucial link between energy and financial firms. However, energy–finance linkages are sparse, and a small number of individual capitalists carry a relatively thin network from the fossil fuel and nuclear sectors. These findings cast doubt on the hypothesis that a strong climate capitalist coalition is emerging.
Development and Validation of a Four‐Item Migraine Screening Algorithm Among a Nonclinical Sample: The Migraine‐4
Authors: Walters A. Brooke , Smitherman Todd A. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesThe present study sought to develop and validate a screening algorithm from the ICHD‐3 beta diagnostic criteria for migraine utilizing a nonclinical sample. The goal was to determine the most sensitive and specific symptoms for differentiating migraine from other headache disorders and to validate the derived symptom algorithm as a screening measure.BackgroundDespite its prevalence and impact, migraine remains under‐recognized and under‐treated. The U.S. Headache Consortium recommended development and dissemination of validated screening measures as a means to improve diagnosis.MethodsParticipants were 1829 young adults (71.5% female; 74.4% white; mean age = 19.09 years [SD = 2.05]) who reported headache via computerized diagnostic interview. From this group, 158 were found to have ICHD episodic or chronic migraine and were randomly split into experimental and holdout validation samples. Within the experimental sample, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve data were obtained for each candidate symptom (item); backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed among the items with the most predictive likelihood ratios to determine the optimal model for differentiating migraine from non‐migrainous headache. The retained four‐symptom algorithm was then validated among the holdout sample, in which various cutoff points were compared to gold standard diagnosis via ROC curve estimations to determine the optimal operating point (OOP) of the algorithm as a screening measure.ResultsAttack duration of 4‐72 hours (100% [95% CI = 95‐100%]), severity ≥ 5 (91% [82‐97%]), photophobia (90% [80‐96%]), and phonophobia (90% [80‐96%]) showed the highest sensitivity, while vomiting (98% [96‐99%]), duration of 4‐72 hours (92% [90‐94%]), nausea (89% [86‐91%]), and headache‐related disability (88% [85‐91%]) showed the highest specificity. The optimal retained model (Migraine‐4) included: duration of 4‐72 hours, nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia. Among the holdout validation sample, the OOP was positive endorsement of three out of four symptoms, which had a sensitivity of 94% (95% CI = 87‐98%), a specificity of 92% (90‐94%), and an area under the curve of 93% (90‐96%; +LR = 12.37, −LR = 0.06, PPV = 67%, NPV = 99%).ConclusionsThe optimal model shares some similarities with previous models but performed better than prior screeners at differentiating migraine from other headache presentations. The Migraine‐4 has utility in identifying migraine among nonclinical and young adult samples. Further research with this measure is warranted to determine its utility with treatment‐seeking patients and validity in direct comparison to established screening instruments.
A Motion Simulator Ride Associated With Headache and Subdural Hematoma: First Case Report
Authors: Scranton Robert A. , Evans Randolph W. , Baskin David S. 
Published: November 2015

We report the first case report of symptomatic bilateral subdural hematomas (SDH) associated with riding a centrifugal motion simulator ride. A previously healthy 55‐year‐old male developed new onset daily headaches 1 week after going on the ride that were due to symptomatic bilateral SDH requiring operative intervention with a full recovery. There was no history of other trauma or other systemic or intracranial abnormality to account for the development of the SDH.We review the headaches and other clinical features associated with chronic SDH. Twelve cases of roller coaster headaches due to SDH associated with riding roller coasters have been reported. The pathophysiology is reviewed, which we believe is the same mechanism that may be responsible in this case. Although it is possible that this neurovascular injury is truly rare, it is also possible that this injury is underreported as patients and physicians may not make the association or physicians have not reported additional cases. The risk of this injury likely increases with age, as the size of the subdural space increases, and may support the maxim that “roller coasters and simulators are for kids.”
An efficient empirical Bayes method for genomewide association studies
Authors: Wang Q. , Wei J. , Pan Y. , Xu S. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryLinear mixed model (LMM) is one of the most popular methods for genomewide association studies (GWAS). Numerous forms of LMM have been developed; however, there are two major issues in GWAS that have not been fully addressed before. The two issues are (i) the genomic background noise and (ii) low statistical power after Bonferroni correction. We proposed an empirical Bayes (EB) method by assigning each marker effect a normal prior distribution, resulting in shrinkage estimates of marker effects. We found that such a shrinkage approach can selectively shrink marker effects and reduce the noise level to zero for majority of non‐associated markers. In the meantime, the EB method allows us to use an ‘effective number of tests’ to perform Bonferroni correction for multiple tests. Simulation studies for both human and pig data showed that EB method can significantly increase statistical power compared with the widely used exact GWAS methods, such as GEMMA and FaST‐LMM‐Select. Real data analyses in human breast cancer identified improved detection signals for markers previously known to be associated with breast cancer. We therefore believe that EB method is a valuable tool for identifying the genetic basis of complex traits.
Modular Upgradability in Consumer Electronics: Economic and Environmental Implications
Authors: Agrawal Vishal V. , Atasu Atalay , Ülkü Sezer 
Published: November 2015

SummaryModularly upgradable product designs have been advocated to offer environmental and economic advantages; however, they are not commonly used in the consumer electronics industry. In this article, we investigate the economic and environmental benefits and challenges of modular upgradability for consumer electronics. From an economic point of view, we posit that the limited adoption of modular upgradability in consumer electronics is owing to various demand‐, technology‐, and competition‐related issues. From an environmental point of view, we posit that modularly upgradable product designs may not necessarily lead to superior environmental outcomes. To reach meaningful conclusions regarding the environmental benefits of modular upgradability, one needs to understand how product architecture affects demand, production, and consumption patterns, which arise from endogenous consumer and manufacturer choices. It is also important to take into account that modular upgradability may have potentially differentiated effects in the production, consumption, and postuse phases of the lifecycle.
Patulin is a cultivar‐dependent aggressiveness factor favouring the colonization of apples by Penicillium expansum
Authors: Snini Selma P. , Tannous Joanna , Heuillard Pauline , Bailly Sylviane , Lippi Yannick , Zehraoui Enric , Barreau Christian , Oswald Isabelle P. , Puel Olivier 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe blue mould decay of apples is caused by Penicillium expansum and is associated with contamination by patulin, a worldwide regulated mycotoxin. Recently, a cluster of 15 genes (patA–patO) involved in patulin biosynthesis was identified in P. expansum. blast analysis revealed that patL encodes a Cys6 zinc finger regulatory factor. The deletion of patL caused a drastic decrease in the expression of all pat genes, leading to an absence of patulin production. Pathogenicity studies performed on 13 apple varieties indicated that the PeΔpatL strain could still infect apples, but the intensity of symptoms was weaker compared with the wild‐type strain. A lower growth rate was observed in the PeΔpatL strain when this strain was grown on nine of the 13 apple varieties tested. In the complemented PeΔpatL:patL strain, the ability to grow normally in apple and the production of patulin were restored. Our results clearly demonstrate that patulin is not indispensable in the initiation of the disease, but acts as a cultivar‐dependent aggressiveness factor for P. expansum. This conclusion was strengthened by the fact that the addition of patulin to apple infected by the PeΔpatL mutant restored the normal fungal colonization in apple.
Distribution, species composition and relative abundances of sandflies in North Waziristan Agency, Pakistan
Authors: ALI N. , ULLAH A. , WAHID S. , KHISROON M. , RASHEED S. B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the diversity of sandflies (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) and the incidence of leishmaniasis in three villages of North Waziristan Agency, Pakistan. Sandflies were sampled monthly during 2012, at dusk and dawn, in selected indoor habitats including both bedrooms and animal sheds using a knock‐down spray catch method. A total of 3687 sandflies were collected, including 1444 individuals in Drezanda, 1193 in Damdil and 1050 in Dattakhel. This study revealed 14 species of two genera,Phlebotomus(Phlebotomus sergenti,Phlebotomus papatasi,Phlebotomus caucasicus,Phlebotomus kazeruni,Phlebotomus alexandriandPhlebotomus salehi) andSergentomyia(Sergentomyia dentate,Sergentomyia baghdadis,Sergentomyia babu,Sergentomyia theodori,Sergentomyia sumbarica,Sergentomyia dreyfussitur kestanica,Sergentomyia hogsoni pawlowskyiandSergentomyia fallax afghanica) (both: Diptera: Psychodidae).Phlebotomus sergentiwas the most abundant species (42.1%), followed byS. dentata(17.7%) andS. baghdadis(17.4%). The number of males collected represented about twice that of female flies, and the maximum number was collected in July, followed by August. The determination of the species composition of sandfly populations, seasonal variations, relative abundances and estimations of infection in the vector population may provide information about the dynamics of leishmaniasis transmission that is useful in planning vector control activities.
Should foods or nutrients be the focus of guidelines to promote healthful eating?
Authors: Green H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA variety of different dietary patterns can achieve the nutrient goals for a given population and therefore be considered as healthful. This means that guidelines for a healthy diet can be tailored to suit different cultures and food preferences. Although food‐based dietary guidelines are used worldwide, there is also authoritative dietary advice in relation to single nutrients, especially those of public health relevance. This includes recommendations to eat less salt, free sugars and ‘saturates’ as well as more fibre. However, it can be difficult for consumers to make simultaneous reductions in salt, sugars and saturated fatty acids as well as increases in dietary fibre, given that food choices are made according to a variety of considerations, including taste preferences, culture, convenience and cost, as well as health. In addition, media coverage of new scientific findings, especially those that challenge current dietary guidelines, can confuse consumers and hamper efforts to eat healthfully. Both food‐based dietary guidelines and recommended nutrient intakes can help consumers eat healthfully, providing they are supported by sound nutrition science, communicated well and delivered in a way that promotes beneficial changes in behaviour.
Moving up! Mapping careers in nutrition
Authors: McConkey V. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGood nutrition is fundamental to maintaining a healthy body and mind, enabling each of us to live longer, healthier lives. For those interested in taking steps to progress a career in nutrition and dietetics, an increasing number of opportunities are available. Yet knowing where to start and how to navigate the diversity of options available can be complex. In November 2014, the Association for Nutrition (AfN) and Nutritionists in Industry (NII) group held a career seminar for mid‐career nutritionists at the Food Matters Live conference, London. Established nutrition and dietetic professionals spoke to attendees about career paths, education, specialisms and geographical responsibilities. Challenges facing those working in this rewarding field were also addressed, including expanding responsibility, moving to a new organisation, managing work–life balance and coping with restructure or redundancy. Attendees also learnt about the regulatory role of the UK Voluntary Register of Nutritionists (UKVRN), held by the AfN, in protecting the public from unsafe practice and the importance of shared ethical standards, scientific integrity and commitment to public protection.
Effectiveness of simulation with team‐based learning in newborn nursing care
Authors: Kang Kyung‐Ah , Kim Shin‐Jeong , Oh Jina , Kim Sunghee , Lee Myung‐Nam 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study determines the effect of simulation with team‐based learning (TBL) on newborn nursing care. This randomized controlled trial included 74 nursing students from one university located in Seoul, South Korea. Participants were categorized into two groups according to educational modality: one group involved both simulation and TBL, and the other involved simulation alone. Learning attitudes, academic achievement, and simulation performance were examined to assess effectiveness. The mean difference in learning attitudes between the two groups was non‐significant. Low academic achievement differed significantly between the two groups (t = 3.445, P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in mean scores for simulation performance between the two groups. In this study, simulation with TBL was effective in improving learning outcomes. In current nursing education, various learning methods are employed within complex nursing situations and require flexibility and problem‐solving approaches.
Do Intentions Set Up Rational Defaults? Commitments, Reasons, and the Diachronic Dimension of Rationality
Authors: Gillessen Jens 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSuppose that you do not do what you have previously decided to do. Are you to be charged with irrationality? A number of otherwise divergent theories of practical rationality hold that by default, you are; there are rational pressures, it is claimed, that favor the long‐term stability and eventual execution of distal intentions. The article challenges this view by examining how these purported pressures can be spelled out. Is intention a normative commitment to act? Are intentions reasons for action – or at least for retaining one's intention until the time to act has come? Or is the rationality of ‘doing as you decide’ governed by diachronic wide‐scope norms, as Michael Bratman and John Broome suggest? All of these approaches are shown to raise severe problems, which suggests a more modest view: diachronic pressures on intending are at each point in time confined to the very next instant.
The CDKN2A/p16INK4a 5′UTR sequence and translational regulation: impact of novel variants predisposing to melanoma
Authors: Andreotti Virginia , Bisio Alessandra , Bressac‐de Paillerets Brigitte , Harland Mark , Cabaret Odile , Newton‐Bishop Julia , Pastorino Lorenza , Bruno William , Bertorelli Roberto , De Sanctis Veronica , Provenzani Alessandro , Menin Chiara , Fronza Gilberto , Queirolo Paola , Spitale Robert C. , Bianchi‐Scarrà Giovanna , Inga Alberto , Ghiorzo Paola 
Published: November 2015

SummaryMany variants of uncertain functional significance in cancer susceptibility genes lie in regulatory regions, and clarifying their association with disease risk poses significant challenges. We studied 17 germline variants (nine of which were novel) in the CDKN2A 5′UTR with independent approaches, which included mono and bicistronic reporter assays, Western blot of endogenous protein, and allelic representation after polysomal profiling to investigate their impact on CDKN2A mRNA translation regulation. Two of the novel variants (c.‐27del23, c.‐93‐91delAGG) were classified as causal mutations (score ≥3), along with the c.‐21C>T, c.‐34G>T, and c.‐56G>T, which had already been studied by a subset of assays. The novel c.‐42T>A as well as the previously described c.‐67G>C were classified as potential mutations (score 1 or 2). The remaining variants (c.‐14C>T, c.‐20A>G, c.‐25C>T+c.‐180G>A, c.‐30G>A, c.‐40C>T, c.‐45G>A, c.‐59C>G, c.‐87T>A, c.‐252A>T) were classified as neutral (score 0). In conclusion, we found evidence that nearly half of the variants found in this region had a negative impact on CDKN2A mRNA translation, supporting the hypothesis that 5′UTR can act as a cellular Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) to modulate p16INK4a translation.
Piriformospora indica reduces fusarium head blight disease severity and mycotoxin DON contamination in wheat under UK weather conditions
Authors: Rabiey M. , Shaw M. W. 
Published: November 2015

Piriformospora indica (Sebacinaceae) is a cultivable root endophytic fungus. It colonizes the roots of a wide range of host plants. In many settings colonization promotes host growth, increases yield and protects the host from fungal diseases. Evaluation was made of the effect of P. indica on fusarium head blight (FHB) disease of winter (cv. Battalion) and spring (cv. Paragon, Mulika, Zircon, Granary, KWS Willow and KWS Kilburn) wheat and consequent contamination by the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) under UK weather conditions. Interactions of P. indica with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Funneliformis mosseae), fungicide application (Aviator Xpro) and low and high fertilizer levels were considered. Piriformospora indica application reduced FHB disease severity and incidence by 70%. It decreased mycotoxin DON concentration of winter and spring wheat samples by 70 and 80%, respectively. Piriformospora indica also increased aboveground biomass, 1000‐grain weight and total grain weight. Piriformospora indica reduced disease severity and increased yield in both high and low fertilizer levels. The effect of P. indica was compatible with F. mosseae and foliar fungicide application. Piriformospora indica did not have any effects on plant tissue nutrients. These results suggest that P. indica might be useful in biological control of Fusarium diseases of wheat.
The Other Side of the Coin: NGOs, Rights‐Based Approaches, and Public Administration
Authors: Schmitz Hans Peter , Mitchell George E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe majority of the world's population resides in low‐ and middle‐income countries, where the problem of sustainable development is among the most pressing public administration challenges. As principal actors within the international development community, transnational nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) play a leading role in piloting a wide variety of development‐focused strategies. During the past decade, many of these transnational NGOs, along with the United Nations, have embraced a rights‐based approach (RBA) to development as an alternative to traditional service delivery. Despite the growing popularity of RBA among NGOs and other development actors, surprisingly little attention has been paid to understanding the significance of RBA for public administration and for public managers—the “other side of the coin.” Drawing on current research in NGO studies and international development, this article describes several varieties of contemporary rights‐based approaches, analyzes their impact on development practices, and examines the intersection of RBA and public administration.
Caring in an atmosphere of uncertainty: perspectives and experiences of caregivers of peoples undergoing haemodialysis in Iran
Authors: Rabiei Leili , Eslami Ahmad Ali , Abedi HeidarAli , Masoudi Reza , Sharifirad Gholam Reza 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundChronic renal failure is one of the major causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Although dialysis treatment is considered as a life‐saving treatment for these patients, their caregivers face various problems making the atmosphere of caring uncertain.AimsThis study is aimed to explore and describe the experiences and perspectives of family caregivers of the patients undergoing haemodialysis.MethodsIn this study, 20 haemodialysis family caregivers were selected by purposeful sampling. Data gathering techniques in this research were in‐depth and unstructured interview and field observation. The researchers used an inductive thematic analysis approach to analysing the interviews' data.FindingsThree main themes emerged from the data indicating the patients' care are conducted in a state of uncertainty including constant struggle to learn, effort and adherence to the divine thread, and in disease's captivity.ConclusionsCaring in an uncertain atmosphere leads to decreased efficiency and quality of family caregivers' care. To promote and improve the efficiency of care, healthcare planners should pay attention to the challenges and perspectives of caregivers of the patients undergoing haemodialysis.