bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental Alienation
Authors: Bernet William 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This article summarizes parental alienation, a child's rejection of an appropriate parent in the context of a high‐conflict divorce. Mental health professionals are often asked to evaluate children of separated or divorced parents for the presence of parental alienation. This article explains the differential diagnosis of contact refusal and the causes of parental alienation. Custody recommendations and treatment strategies are discussed to aid custody evaluators, judges, and lawyers, and guide families to address this difficult problem that can destroy families and hurt children.
Carbon‐14 Bomb Pulse Dating
Authors: Buchholz Bruce A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons during the 1950s and early 1960s doubled the concentration of carbon‐14 in the atmosphere and created a pulse that labeled everything alive since 1955 as carbon moved up the food chain. The variation in carbon‐14 concentration in time is well‐documented and can be used to chronologically date all biological materials since the mid‐1950s.
Quantification of motorway capacity variation: influence of day type specific variation and capacity drop
Authors: Calvert Simeon C. , Taale Henk , Hoogendoorn Serge P. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryMany road authorities work with static values for road capacities, while it has been proven that capacity is not a fixed quantity. At the same time, there is an increasing need for accurate stochastic input for traffic models, such as the variation in road capacity. In this paper, a methodological framework with a conceptual model for practical stochastic capacity estimation is presented, and a quantification of motorway capacity variation is given for the influence of day‐type specific variations in capacity values. The results of the analysis show that there is a reduction in motorway breakdown capacity of 4% on weekend days in comparison with workdays. Furthermore, a capacity decrease of 8% was found for the discharge capacity in comparison with workdays. The analysis further shows that the breakdown capacity on holidays is not significantly lower than on workdays. Discharge capacity and capacity drops are also derived in each case. The results show that the capacity is significantly different depending on the type of day. A quantification of these differences is given in the form of a Weibull capacity estimation fit for each type‐of‐day scenario. Further consideration of the implications and applications of the framework is also given. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient blue organic light‐emitting diodes using N2,N2,N11,N11,5,6,7,8‐octaphenyltriphenylene‐2,11‐diamine derivatives
Authors: Kim Young Seok , Jeong Su Jin , Lee Hyun Woo , Kim Jwajin , Lee Song Eun , Kim Young Kwan , Yoon Seung Soo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this study, we have synthesized phenyl‐substituted triphenylene derivatives, using the Diels–Alder reaction and the Buchwald–Hartwig reaction. To investigate electroluminescence properties of these materials, multilayer organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices were fabricated with a structure of indium–tin–oxide (ITO) (180 nm)/4,4′‐bis(N‐(1‐naphthyl)‐N‐phenylamino)biphenyl (NPB) (50 nm)/blue‐emitting materials (1–3) (30 nm)/bathophenanthroline (Bphen) (35 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). A device using N2,N2,N11,N11,5,6,7‐heptaphenyltriphenylene‐2,11‐diamine (2) exhibited efficient blue emission with luminous, power, and external quantum efficiencies of 0.92 cd/A, 0.67 lm/W, and 1.17% at 20 mA/cm2, respectively. The Commission International de L'Éclairage coordinates of this device were (x = 0.15, y = 0.09) at 6.0 V. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolism profiles of nuciferine in rats using ultrafast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ye Lin‐Hu , Xiao Bing‐Xin , Liao Yong‐Hong , Liu Xin‐Min , Pan Rui‐Le , Chang Qi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNuciferine (NF) is one of the main aporphine alkaloids existing in the traditional Chinese medicine Folium Nelumbinis (lotus leaves). Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that NF has a broad spectrum of bioactivities, such as anti‐HIV and anti‐hyperlipidemic effects, and has been recommended as a leading compound for new drug development. However, the metabolites and biotransformation pathway of NF in vivo have not yet been comprehensively investigated. The present study was performed to identify the metabolites of NF for exploring in vivo fates. Rat plasma and urine samples were collected after oral administration and prepared by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. A method based on ultrafast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was applied to identify the metabolites. Q1 (first quadrupole) full scan combined with a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) survey scan were used for the detection of metabolites. MRM‐information‐dependent acquisition of enhanced product ions was used for the structural identification of detected metabolites. A total of 10 metabolites were identified, including phase I (demethylation, oxidation and dehydrogenation) and phase II (glucuronidation, sulfation and glutathione) biotransformation products. Demethylation is the main metabolic pathway of NF in the body. These results can help in improving understanding of the disposition and pharmacological mechanism of NF in the body. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catheter‐based closure of residual leaks after percutaneous occlusion of the left atrial appendage
Authors: Hornung Marius , Gafoor Sameer , Id Dani , Vaskelyte Laura , Hofmann Ilona , Franke Jennifer , Sievert Horst , Bertog Stefan C. 
Published: December 2015

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of catheter‐based occlusion of residual leaks after percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage (LAA).MethodsAll cases of LAA closure at our center were reviewed to identify secondary interventions for residual leaks. Leaks with a width of more than 3 mm by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were considered relevant. In a case‐specific approach, depending on the respective morphology of the defect, either an LAA occlusion device or an Amplatzer Vascular Plug was implanted under TEE and fluoroscopic guidance.ResultsBetween June 2003 and December 2013, 12 patients underwent residual leak closure. All procedures were technically successful and without complications. In 10 cases (83%), complete sealing was confirmed at TEE follow‐up. In 2 patients, minimal gaps (2–3 mm) persisted and anticoagulation was continued. None of the patients had strokes during the follow‐up period.ConclusionPercutaneous residual leak closure after attempted LAA occlusion can be done safely and with high procedural success rates. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Arterial access site and outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with and without vorapaxar
Authors: Déry Jean‐Pierre , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Tricoci Pierluigi , White Harvey D. , Podder Mohua , Westerhout Cynthia M. , Moliterno David J. , Harrington Robert A. , Chen Edmond , Strony John , Van de Werf Frans , Ziada Khaled M. , Held Claes , Aylward Philip E. , Armstrong Paul W. , Rao Sunil V. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesWe evaluated outcomes associated with transradial vs. transfemoral approaches and vorapaxar in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the TRACER trial.BackgroundVorapaxar reduces ischemic events but increases the risk of major bleeding.MethodsWe compared 30‐day and 2‐year major adverse cardiac events (MACE: cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, recurrent ischemia with rehospitalization, and urgent coronary revascularization) and noncoronary artery bypass graft (CABG)‐related bleedings in 2,192 transradial and 4,880 transfemoral patients undergoing PCI after adjusting for confounding variables, including propensity for transradial access.ResultsOverall, 30‐day GUSTO moderate/severe and non‐CABG TIMI major/minor bleeding occurred less frequently in transradial (0.9% vs. 2.0%, P = 0.001) vs. transfemoral (1.1% vs. 2.5%, P = 0.005) patients. A similar reduction was seen at 2 years (3.3% vs. 4.7%, P = 0.008; 3.3% vs. 4.9%, P < 0.001, respectively). Transradial was associated with an increased risk of ischemic events at 30 days (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.11–1.72; P = 0.004), driven primarily by increased periprocedural myocardial infarctions. At 2 years, rates of MACE were comparable (HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.98–1.33; P = 0.096). Although bleeding rates were higher with vorapaxar in transfemoral vs. transradial patients, there was no significant treatment interaction. Also, the access site did not modulate the association between vorapaxar and MACE.ConclusionsTransradial access was associated with lower bleeding rates and similar long‐term ischemic outcomes, suggesting transradial access is safer than transfemoral access among ACS patients receiving potent antiplatelet therapies. Because of the nonrandomized allocation of arterial access, these results should be considered exploratory. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utility of a real‐time appropriate use criteria decision support application for percutaneous coronary interventions in non‐acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Chen Stuart H. , Ho Kalon K.L. , Gannon Stephen A. , Thyagarajan Braghadheeswar , Chakrabarti Anjan K. , Potter Brian J. , Singla Anand , Piccirillo Bryan J. , Meduri Christopher U. , Cutlip Donald E. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to test the feasibility and value of a real‐time online appropriate use criteria (AUC) application for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients without acute coronary syndrome.BackgroundHigh rates of non‐appropriate elective PCI in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR) CathPCI Registry have created interest in integrating decision support tools into routine clinical care to improve the frequency of appropriate PCIs.MethodsPatients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography and subsequent PCI for non‐ACS indications at a single center were scored using a real‐time AUC application pre‐procedure. Blinded angiographic review was performed subsequently for each case. Rates of appropriate, inappropriate, uncertain and not rated PCIs were tabulated according to specific clinical scenarios using information available both before and after the angiographic audit.ResultsOf 308 PCIs in 272 patients, 196 (63.6%) were deemed appropriate, 79 (25.6%) uncertain, and two (0.6%) inappropriate; 31 (10.1%) scenarios could not be rated. With angiographic audit, inappropriate PCIs increased to 9.7%. There was a significant improvement in the rate of appropriate PCI using the real‐time AUC application compared with retrospective data collection for NCDR reporting (64% vs. 53%, P = 0.01).ConclusionsUse of a real‐time AUC application together with angiographic audit may improve the accuracy of reporting PCI appropriateness. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The retrograde approach to coronary chronic total occlusion interventions
Authors: Ungi I. , Tajti P. , Hausinger P. , Katona A. , Sasi V. , Thury A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe results of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) dramatically improved in the last decades. Despite this improvement chronic total coronary occlusions (CTO) still remain a major challenge of interventional cardiology due to the complexity of these lesions. Retrograde recanalization proved to be one of the most significant amendments of the technique. Careful assessment of the occluded vessel, the donor artery and the interventional collaterals has fundamental importance for a safe and efficient procedure. High‐quality diagnostic angiogram and other imaging methods also have paramount importance for the success. The proper selection of the vascular access for retrograde CTO PCI can be challenging in patients with peripheral artery disease because of special requirements toward the guiding catheters. The latest publications demonstrated continuous improvement in the results together with decreasing complication rates of retrograde procedures. This technique significantly increased the number of patients who can be treated with PCI even with failed previous antegrade attempt.Answer questions and earn CME: https://www.wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/3700518/Activity.aspx
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation—2014 update
Authors: Phang E. H. Q. , Tay E. , Hon J. K. F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThere is a growing trend for high‐risk patients with severe aortic stenosis who are denied open heart surgery to undergo transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Since its invention more than two decades ago, TAVI has evolved rapidly from the proof‐of‐concept phase to become an established Food and Drug Administration‐approved technology. This article reviews the developmental histories and current status, as well as the future advancement of the technique.Answer questions and earn CME: https://www.wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/3707283/Activity.aspx
The era of hybrid revascularization
Authors: Chang G. H. , Kofidis T. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCoronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has evolved over the last 50 years since the development of the cardiopulmonary bypass machine by Gibbons in the 1950s. The progress of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) research and development of stents with improved qualities and evolution of CABG led to the birth of the new concept of hybrid revascularization. In the past, median sternotomy to access the heart for CABG has been the gold standard. In recent years, modern technology has brought about the possibility of minimally invasive cardiac surgery, in particular minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery on selected accessible target coronary vessels and simultaneous PCI to other culprit lesions. This collaborative approach has led to cardiothoracic surgeons and cardiologists working hand in hand to improve overall patient care—the important role of the “heart team.” This paper shall aim to review the development of hybrid revascularization, its roots, the progress and the future.Answer questions and earn CME: https://www.wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/3707284/Activity.aspx
Deep Eutectic Solvents for Organocatalysis, Biotransformations, and Multistep Organocatalyst/Enzyme Combinations
Authors: Guajardo Nadia , Müller Christoph R. , Schrebler Rodrigo , Carlesi Carlos , Domínguez de María Pablo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DES) have emerged as promising solutions in many areas of chemistry. DES have many of the advantages of ionic liquids (e.g., low vapor pressure, nonflammability, tunability, etc.) but have lower costs, straightforward syntheses, and are often biodegradable. In this minireview, we discuss briefly the applications of DES in areas such as biotransformations, organocatalysis, and combinations of these that lead to multistep processes. DES can be used as solvents, cosolvents, performance additives for bio‐ and organocatalysis, tools to anchor organocatalysts selectively, or for extraction/separation. Several DES have been used both as solvents and organocatalysts at the same time. Given their promising features, it may be expected that many applications in these areas will appear in the coming years.
Optimization of a Pilot‐Scale Amine Scrubber to Remove SO2: Higher Selectivity and Lower Solvent Consumption
Authors: Mirdrikvand Mojtaba , Moqadam Saeedeh Imani , Kharaghani Abdolreza , Roozbehani Behrooz , Jadidi Naqi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA pilot‐scale study of flue gas desulfurization based on an amine‐based solvent using applicable industrial values was carried out for sulfur dioxide (SO2) removal. The plant consisting of absorption and desorption columns was operated with different working parameters such as solvent flow rate, inlet concentration of SO2, temperature of desorption column, and pH of absorption agent. The Taguchi method was utilized to obtain the best combination of working parameters for the most efficient reduction of SO2 outlet concentration. The industrial gas‐to‐liquid ratio could be optimized by applying a defined SO2 concentration, stripper temperature, and solvent pH value. The achieved efficiency is much better compared to our previous study while the gas‐to‐liquid ratio is higher in this work.
Graphene–Amorphous Transition‐Metal Chalcogenide (MoSx, WSx) Composites as Highly Efficient Hybrid Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Luxa Jan , Mazánek Vlastimil , Bouša Daniel , Sedmidubský David , Pumera Martin , Sofer Zdeněk 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLayered transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) show promising electrocatalytic properties towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). A series of graphene–amorphous TMD composites were prepared under hydrothermal conditions. Materials with varying contents of MoSx and WSx were synthesized from ammonium tetrathiomolybdate and ammonium tetrathiotungstate precursors in the presence of graphene oxide and diethylene glycol as a reducing agent. The synthesized materials exhibit not only a homogeneous distribution over the graphene surface, but also high electrocatalytic activity towards the HER. These findings are highly promising for industrial electrocatalysis, because the onset potential is close to the HER potential of industrially used platinum catalysts.
Diacetylenes with Ionic‐Liquid‐Like Substituents: Associating a Polymerizing Cation with a Polymerizing Anion in a Single Precursor for the Synthesis of N‐Doped Carbon Materials
Authors: Fahsi Karim , Dumail Xavier , Dutremez Sylvain G. , van der Lee Arie , Vioux André , Viau Lydie 
Published: December 2015

AbstractImidazolium‐ and benzimidazolium‐substituted diacetylenes with bromide or nitrogen‐rich dicyanamide and tricyanomethanide anions were synthesized and used as precursors for the preparation of N‐doped carbon materials. On pyrolysis under argon at 800 °C both halide precursors afforded graphite‐like structures with nitrogen contents of about 8.5 %. When the dicyanamide and tricyanomethanide precursors were thermolyzed at the same temperature, graphite‐like structures were obtained that exhibit nitrogen contents in the range 17–20 wt %; thereby, the benefit of associating a polymerizing cation with a polymerizing anion in a single precursor was demonstrated. On pyrolysis at 1100 °C the nitrogen contents of the latter pyrolysates remain high (ca. 6 wt %). Adsorption measurements with krypton at 77 K indicated that the materials are nonporous. The highest electrical conductivity was observed for a pyrolysate with one of the lowest nitrogen contents, which also has the highest degree of graphitization. Thus, the quest for N‐rich carbons with high electrical conductivities should include both maximization of the nitrogen content and optimization of the degree of graphitization. Crystallographic investigation of the precursors and spectroscopic characterization of the pyrolysates prepared by heating at 220 °C indicate that construction of the final carbon framework does not involve the intermediate formation of a polydiacetylene.
1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoroisopropanol as a Remarkable Medium for Atroposelective Sulfoxide‐Directed Fujiwara–Moritani Reaction with Acrylates and Styrenes
Authors: Dherbassy Quentin , Schwertz Geoffrey , Chessé Matthieu , Hazra Chinmoy Kumar , Wencel‐Delord Joanna , Colobert Françoise 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAxially chiral biaryls are ubiquitous structural motifs of biologically active molecules and privileged ligands for asymmetric catalysis. Their properties are due to their configurationally stable axis, and therefore, the control of their absolute configuration is essential. Efficient access to atropo‐enantioenriched biaryl moieties through asymmetric direct C−H activation, by using enantiopure sulfoxide as both the directing group (DG) and chiral auxiliary, is reported. The stereoselective oxidative Heck reactions are performed in high yields and with excellent atropo‐stereoselectivities. The pivotal role of 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoropropanol (HFIP) solvent, which enables a drastic increase in yield and stereoselectivity of this transformation, is evidenced and investigated. Finally, the synthetic usefulness of the herein disclosed transformation is showcased because the traceless character of the sulfoxide DG allows straightforward conversions of the newly accessed, atropopure sulfoxide‐biaryls into several differently substituted axially chiral scaffolds.
A Straightforward Approach to Tetrahydroindolo[3,2‐b]carbazoles and 1‐Indolyltetrahydrocarbazoles through [3+3] Cyclodimerization of Indole‐Derived Cyclopropanes
Authors: Ivanova Olga A. , Budynina Ekaterina M. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Skvortsov Dmitriy A. , Trushkov Igor V. , Melnikov Mikhail Ya. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Ekatarina Budynina and co‐workers from M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. The image depicts an improvised exhibition wherein an analogy is drawn between dimerization as chemical processes and dimerization as phenomena surrounding us in our everyday life. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201502287.
Synthesis of Oxazolidin‐2‐ones by Oxidative Coupling of Isonitriles, Phenyl Vinyl Selenone, and Water
Authors: Buyck Thomas , Pasche Delphine , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: December 2015

AbstractReaction of alkyl isocyanides, phenyl vinyl selenone, and water in the presence of a catalytic amount of Cs2CO3 afforded oxazolidin‐2‐ones in good yields. This unprecedented heteroannulation process created four chemical bonds in a single operation with the isocyano group acting formally as a polarized double bond and phenyl vinyl selenone as a latent 1,3‐dipole. The phenylselenonyl group played a triple role as an electron‐withdrawing group to activate the 1,4‐addition, a leaving group, and a latent oxidant in this transformation.
Escaping the Tyranny of Carbothermal Reduction: Fumed Silica from Sustainable, Green Sources without First Having to Make SiCl4
Authors: Yi Eongyu , Hyde Clare E. , Sun Kai , Laine Richard M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFumed silica is produced in 1000 tons per year quantities by combusting SiCl4 in H2/O2 flames. Given that both SiCl4 and combustion byproduct HCl are corrosive, toxic and polluting, this route to fumed silica requires extensive safeguards that may be obviated if an alternate route were found. Silica, including rice hull ash (RHA) can be directly depolymerized using hindered diols to generate distillable spirocyclic alkoxysilanes or Si(OEt)4. We report here the use of liquid‐feed flame spray pyrolysis (LF‐FSP) to combust the aforementioned precursors to produce fumed silica very similar to SiCl4‐derived products. The resulting powders are amorphous, necked, <50 nm average particle sizes, with specific surface areas (SSAs) of 140–230 m2 g−1. The LF‐FSP approach does not require the containment constraints of the SiCl4 process and given that the RHA silica source is produced in million ton per year quantities worldwide, the reported approach represents a sustainable, green and potentially lower‐cost alternative.