bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of an electrophoretic method to detect albuminuria in cats
Authors: Ferlizza Enea , Dondi Francesco , Andreani Giulia , Bucci Diego , Archer Joy , Isani Gloria 
Published: August 2016

Objectives The aims of this study were to validate a semi-automated high-resolution electrophoretic technique to quantify urinary albumin in healthy and diseased cats, and to evaluate its diagnostic performance in cases of proteinuria and renal diseases. Methods Urine samples were collected from 88 cats (healthy; chronic kidney disease [CKD]; lower urinary tract disease [LUTD]; non-urinary tract diseases [OTHER]). Urine samples were routinely analysed and high-resolution electrophoresis (HRE) was performed. Within-assay and between-assay variability, linearity, accuracy, recovery and the lowest detectable and quantifiable bands were calculated. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was also performed. Results All coefficients of variation were <10%, percentage recovery was between 97% and 109% with a high linearity (r = 0.99). HRE allowed the visualisation of a faint band of albumin and a diffused band between alpha and beta zones in healthy cats, while profiles from diseased cats were variable. Albumin (mg/dl) and urine albumin:creatinine ratio (UAC) were significantly ( P <0.05) different between healthy and diseased cats. After ROC analysis, UAC values of 0.035 and 0.074 had a high sensitivity and high specificity, respectively, to classify proteinuria and identify borderline proteinuric cats. Moreover, a UAC of 0.017 had a high sensitivity in distinguishing between healthy and diseased cats. However, UAC was not able to distinguish between renal (CKD) and non-renal diseases (LUTD/OTHER), probably owing to the pathophysiology of CKD in cats, which is characterised by low-grade proteinuria and less glomerular involvement than in dogs. Conclusions and relevance HRE is an accurate and precise method that could be used to measure albuminuria in cats. UAC was useful to correctly classify proteinuria and to discriminate between healthy and diseased cats. HRE might also provide additional information on urine proteins with a profile of all proteins (albumin and globulins) to aid clinicians in the diagnosis of diseases characterised by proteinuria.
Obesity Severity and Duration Are Associated With Incident Metabolic Syndrome: Evidence Against Metabolically Healthy Obesity From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Mongraw-Chaffin Morgana , Foster Meredith C. , Kalyani Rita R. , Vaidya Dhananjay , Burke Gregory L. , Woodward Mark , Anderson Cheryl A.M. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Although the health risks of obesity compared to normal weight have been well studied, the cumulative risk associated with chronic obesity remains unknown. Specifically, debate continues about the importance of recommending weight loss for those with metabolically healthy obesity.Objective:We hypothesized that relatively greater severity and longer duration of obesity are associated with greater incident metabolic syndrome.Design, Setting, Participants, and Measures:Using repeated measures logistic regression with random effects, we investigated the association of time-varying obesity severity and duration with incident metabolic syndrome in 2,748 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants with obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) at any visit. Obesity duration was defined as the cumulative number of visits with measured obesity and obesity severity by the World Health Organization levels I–III based on body mass index. Metabolic syndrome was defined using Adult Treatment Panel III criteria modified to exclude waist circumference.Results:Higher obesity severity (level II odds ratio [OR], 1.32 [95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.60]; level III OR, 1.63 [1.25–2.14] vs level I) and duration (by number of visits: two visits OR, 4.43 [3.54–5.53]; three visits OR, 5.29 [4.21–6.63]; four visits OR, 5.73 [4.52–7.27]; five visits OR, 6.15 [4.19–9.03] vs one visit duration of obesity) were both associated with a higher odds of incident metabolic syndrome.Conclusion:Both duration and severity of obesity are positively associated with incident metabolic syndrome, suggesting that metabolically healthy obesity is a transient state in the pathway to cardiometabolic disease. Weight loss should be recommended to all individuals with obesity, including those who are currently defined as metabolically healthy.
Diagnosis of Intraabdominal Fluid Extravasation After Hip Arthroscopy With Point-of-Care Ultrasonography Can Identify Patients at an Increased Risk for Postoperative Pain
Authors: Haskins Stephen C. , Desai Natasha A. , Fields Kara G. , Nejim Jemiel A. , Cheng Stephanie , Coleman Struan H. , Nawabi Danyal H. , Kelly Bryan T. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:
Intraabdominal fluid extravasation (IAFE) after hip arthroscopy has historically been diagnosed in catastrophic circumstances with abdominal compartment syndrome requiring diuresis or surgical decompression. A previous retrospective study found the prevalence of symptomatic IAFE requiring diuresis or decompression to be 0.16%, with risk factors including surgical procedure and high pump pressures. IAFE can be diagnosed rapidly by using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) via the Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma (FAST) examination, which is a well-established means to detect free fluid with high specificity and sensitivity. In this study, we used POCUS to determine the incidence of IAFE in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy. We predicted a higher incidence and that patients with IAFE would have symptoms of peritoneal irritation such as pain and nausea.

METHODS:
One hundred patients undergoing ambulatory hip arthroscopy were prospectively enrolled. A FAST examination was performed after induction by a trained anesthesiologist to exclude the preoperative presence of intraperitoneal fluid. Postoperatively, the same anesthesiologist repeated the FAST examination, and patients with new fluid in the abdominal or pelvic peritoneum were diagnosed with IAFE. Patients were followed up in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) for 6 hours assessing pain, antiemetic and opioid use, and length of stay.

RESULTS:
Sixteen of 100 patients were found to have IAFE (16.0%; 99% confidence interval [CI], 8.4–28.1). These patients had, on average, a greater increase in pain score from their baseline assessment throughout their entire PACU stay (adjusted difference in means [99% CI]: 2.1 points [0.4–3.9]; P = .002). Patients with IAFE used more opioids, but this difference did not meet statistical significance (adjusted difference in means [99% CI]: 7.8 mg oral morphine equivalents [−2.8 to 18.3]; P = .053). There were no differences in postoperative nausea interventions or length of stay.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our incidence of IAFE was 16%, showing that IAFE occurs quite commonly in hip arthroscopy. Patients with IAFE had a greater increase in pain scores from baseline throughout the PACU stay. None of our patients required interventions. These findings suggest that even a small amount of new fluid in the peritoneum may be associated with a worse postoperative experience. This study brings awareness to a common yet potentially life-threatening complication of hip arthroscopy and highlights a unique and meaningful way that anesthesiologists in the perioperative setting can use POCUS to rapidly identify and guide management of these patients. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to identify surgical and patient risk factors.
Identification of selective inhibitors of RET and comparison with current clinical candidates through development and validation of a robust screening cascade
Authors: Watson Amanda J. , Hopkins Gemma V. , Hitchin Samantha , Begum Habiba , Jones Stuart , Jordan Allan , Holt Sarah , March H. Nikki , Newton Rebecca , Small Helen , Stowell Alex , Waddell Ian D. , Waszkowycz Bohdan , Ogilvie Donald J. 
Published: August 2016

RET (REarranged during Transfection) is a receptor tyrosine kinase, which plays pivotal roles in regulating cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, migration and chemotaxis. Activation of RET is a mechanism of oncogenesis in medullary thyroid carcinomas where both germline and sporadic activating somatic mutations are prevalent. At present, there are no known specific RET inhibitors in clinical development, although many potent inhibitors of RET have been opportunistically identified through selectivity profiling of compounds initially designed to target other tyrosine kinases. Vandetanib and cabozantinib, both multi-kinase inhibitors with RET activity, are approved for use in medullary thyroid carcinoma, but additional pharmacological activities, most notably inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor - VEGFR2 (KDR), lead to dose-limiting toxicity. The recent identification of RET fusions present in ~1% of lung adenocarcinoma patients has renewed interest in the identification and development of more selective RET inhibitors lacking the toxicities associated with the current treatments. In an earlier publication [Newton et al, 2016; 1] we reported the discovery of a series of 2-substituted phenol quinazolines as potent and selective RET kinase inhibitors. Here we describe the development of the robust screening cascade which allowed the identification and advancement of this chemical series. Furthermore we have profiled a panel of RET-active clinical compounds both to validate the cascade and to confirm that none display a RET-selective target profile.
Penetrating foreign body in the masticator space with injury to the internal maxillary artery: a surgical challenge
Authors: Tan Shaun S , Yeo MS , Lee GHP , Ho MSY , Ang ML , Lee W , Cheong EC 
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION Foreign bodies (FBs) in the masticator space (MS) are a unique problem because of the difficulty of accessing this deep compartment within the head and neck. In addition, MS contents include critical structures such as the internal maxillary artery (IMA) and mandibular nerve. CASE HISTORY A 39-year-old tradesman was involved in a construction accident whereby a metallic projectile from a machinery drill penetrated his left cheek. Computed tomography revealed a metallic object of dimension 1.9 ×1.2 cm within the MS, with concomitant fracture of left maxillary anterior and lateral walls. Surgery was indicated in view of constant pain and swelling. The FB was removed through the cheek laceration with the aid of an X-ray image intensifier. Persistent significant bleeding was observed within the wound cavity after FB removal that could not be arrested despite attempts at haemostasis with adrenaline packing and oxidised cellulose polymers. Urgent selective left external carotid angiography showed breach of a distal branch of the left internal maxillary artery with contrast extravasation. Embolisation of this branch was undertaken successfully with a liquid agent. CONCLUSIONS This is the first time a FB within the MS with injury to the internal maxillary artery has been described.
Memory, nation and the crisis of location in Saadat Hasan Manto’s ‘Toba Tek Singh’
Authors: Parui Avishek 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article explores the entanglements of memory and the crisis of location in the context of the India–Pakistan Partition in 1947, as depicted in Saadat Hasan Manto’s short fiction. It will investigate how Manto’s fiction is reflective of the trauma of geographical and existential dislocation with the birth of two nations following a programme of political and epistemic violence and remapping. The study will place special focus on the entanglement of memory and madness alongside the broader issues of nation-formation, alienation and loss. It will examine the trauma of 1947 Partition as a psychological as well as existential crisis that often manifested itself in madness, aphasia and amnesia. With a special attention to the formal qualities of Manto’s short fiction, the article will investigate the human condition of shock and loss by drawing on trauma studies, phenomenology and cognitive psychological studies in episodic memory, unreliable narration and cognition. It will thus examine how the short story is formally and uniquely equipped to reflect the cognitive and phenomenological processes underpinning memory, narrativity and consciousness, especially in their unsettled states of being in a politically violent space. The article specifically focuses on the short story ‘Toba Tek Singh’, which depicts a diplomatically agreed exchange of madmen across the borders of the two newly formed nations of India and Pakistan and the absurdity in the systematized political processes underpinning citizenship, nationality and identity. It will investigate how madness emerges as an existential as well as an epistemic inwardness that resists political classification with its subversive articulation of agency and emotionality. Manto’s short story and fiction in general may be read as a complex analysis of transnational trauma, memory and crisis of existential identity. This article offers such a study.
Tunisian internal autonomy and the transformation of the French colonial empire
Authors: Ikeda Ryo 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article aims to examine the transformation of the French colonial empire. Immediately after the end of World War II, the principle of French colonial policy was assimilation, but in the mid-1950s, France suddenly changed its stance towards decolonization. This move would culminate in the year 1960, when most French overseas territories won independence. The turning-point is, as usually argued, the so-called Loi-cadre in 1956, which allowed self-government in each overseas territory. Few works, however, have addressed the question of how and why the French government decided to turn to decolonization. This work points to the links between Tunisian internal autonomy and sub-Saharan African affairs. Indeed, Paris’s decision to lead Tunisia to internal autonomy through the Carthage Declaration in July 1954 meant that France chose collaboration with the nationalists and adopted a new way of preserving its influence: decolonization. This calculation greatly prompted the French to embark on the reorganization of their colonial empire as a whole.
Transformations institutionnelles et développement économique dans la zone franc en Afrique de l’Ouest (1960–1990)
Authors: Duchaussoy Vincent 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article explores the transformations of the franc zone, a system of monetary cooperation between France and francophone Africa issued from the colonial era, from the decolonization to the end of the twentieth century. It seeks to explain the rationales that resulted in the preservation of this system, the most important being the turmoil in the international monetary system in the early 1970s. The transformation of the franc zone that took place in the 1970s was supposed to dedicate the monetary system to the funding of development, which was at the core of the political agenda at the time, as well as to reassign the monetary sovereignty to the African states. But in the 1980s the sovereign debt crisis led to an increasing control of the international institutions in charge of managing this crisis, while France gradually opted out. This evolution shows, in the long run, how the franc zone has become an international cooperation rather than a bilateral cooperation.
Reading between the lines: Identity issues in Kanak narratives and the agency of the storyteller
Authors: O’Connell Catherine 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The repeal of l’indigénat in 1946 gave the Kanak all the rights associated with French citizenship. However, for many years afterwards, there was growing unrest that came to a head with les événements of the 1980s, when the proindependence groups clashed violently with government forces. This violence led to the signing, first, of the Matignon Accords in 1988 and the Noumea Accord in 1998. The Noumea Accord has set in motion the gradual and irreversible transfer of administrative powers to the colony under the supervision of the United Nations Decolonization Programme, culminating in a referendum (by 2018) to determine ultimate independence from France. It is critically important that the New Caledonians arrive at a functional model for such an arrangement and so, predictably, the practicalities involved have stimulated much discussion at all levels of society. Narratives are an important resource, allowing the reader to better understand cultural values and problems. Using ideas derived from critical discourse analysis, this article examines the emerging discussions in the literature written since the signing of the Accord, focusing in particular on a selection of works by Kanak authors.
Persistance du lien colonial français depuis l’abolition de l’esclavage à La Réunion et critique des figures de l’émancipation
Authors: Boqui-Queni Laëtitia 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The aim of this article is to locate the continuity and transformation of the ongoing relationship beyond the formal decolonization laid down in the ‘departmentalisation’ of 1946 in France. Observers were already talking of the ambiguities of development back in the 1960s in France, while the effects of departmentalization in economic terms were already being felt in the 1970s. This article aims to present a critical genealogy through the study of ‘emancipatory’ discourses since 1848 (the year of the second abolition of slavery by France), and, in particular, by analysing different political arrangements. It also puts forward an analysis based on class, gender and race of the ways in which the subjectification of contemporary politics takes place in La Réunion.
‘Record store guy’s head explodes and the critic is speechless!’ Questions of genre in drone metal
Authors: Coggins Owen 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article examines questions of genre in the translocal and marginal music culture of drone metal, a radically slow and extended form of metal founded on extremes of amplification, distortion and repetition. I examine the tentative formation of genre in connections forged between musicians and between recordings, establishing sonic and symbolic conventions. I note the deliberate associations with bands (notably Black Sabbath) that situated this music as metal. I then turn to the role of listener discourse in constituting genre, attending to listeners’ experience of and communication about the key terms ‘drone’ and ‘metal’. After noting the importance of vagueness and ambiguity in genre designations, particularly in drone metal’s translocal marginality, I show that relevant genre characteristics for listeners include not just musical sounds but also affective, experiential, embodied and conscious subjective states. Finally, I suggest that treating genre as a constellation of points, viewed in different but related ways from different standpoints, is particularly useful in understanding drone metal as a loosely constituted genre with fragmented, disparate and intermittently connected audiences.
Authenticity, artifice, ideology: Heavy metal video and MTV’s ‘Second Launch’, 1983–1985
Authors: Mccombe John 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Music video scholars have identified a ‘second launch’ of MTV during 1983–1985, a period when, as Andrew Goodwin writes, ‘MTV programmed heavy metal with a vengeance’. My article expands on the research of Goodwin, Lisa Lewis, Carol Vernallis and others in exploring the question of why metal emerged during this particular MTV era in the wake of British-based new pop, which had dominated the ‘first launch’ of MTV since August 1981. Central to my research is a more nuanced analysis of the metal subgenres that dominated programming between 1983 and 1985 – videos that are quite distinct both from the non-realist British new pop of bands such as ABC, Ultravox and Duran Duran and from the ‘hair metal’ that proliferated in the late 1980s.
The proceedings of brain metastases from lung cancer
Authors: Zhao Hang , Li Guijie , Yu Chunlei , An Zhe 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBrain tumors include primary tumors of various intracranial tissue and secondary intracranial tumors that transferred from other parts of the body. Secondary intracranial tumors are especially prevalent in patients with lung cancer. The mechanisms of lung cancer with brain metastases are complicated, they are affected by a variety of factors. Thus, identifying the mechanisms of lung cancer with brain metastases will have far-reaching meanings both for clinic pharmacy research and for a better quality of life for patients; Brain metastases from lung cancer represent a prevalent and challenging clinical dilemma, and some research suggests that the outcomes and characteristics of brain metastases that result from lung cancer primary sites are perhaps different than those from other primary sites, therefore increasing the difficulty of clinical treatment. Despite steady research developments during recent years, the survival rates remain poor. The mechanisms and therapeutic options for treating brain metastases arising from lung cancer are review in this article.
Congenital multinodular goiter in a neonate presenting with airway obstruction
Authors: Balachandran Binesh , Sundaram Venkataseshan , Saini Shiv Sajan , Mukhopadhyay Kanya , Dutta Sourabh 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Congenital goiter constitutes a rare cause of congenital neck masses. Goitrous enlargement can be associated with serious airway obstruction.

Case description
We report a term, girl baby with a large asymmetrical neck mass who presented on day 2 of life. Clinical examination revealed stridor and local examination showed an asymmetric nodular firm swelling with no signs of inflammation. The computerized tomography of the neck and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) confirmed the swelling as being a multinodular goiter. The thyroid function test (TFT) was suggestive of hypothyroid status. Further investigations revealed the cause as being dyshormonogenesis probably secondary to a thyroglobulin synthetic defect. The baby was started on levothroxine supplementation (13 μg/kg/day); neck swelling markedly reduced with normalization of TFT over the next 3 weeks. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of the presence of multinodularity in a baby with congenital goiter.
A Combinatorial Proof of a Result on Generalized Lucas Polynomials
Authors: Laugier Alexandre , Saikia Manjil P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe give a combinatorial proof of an elementary property of generalized Lucas polynomials, inspired by [1]. These polynomials in s and t are defined by the recurrence relation 〈n〉 = s〈n-1〉+t〈n-2〉 for n ≥ 2. The initial values are 〈0〉 = 2; 〈1〉= s, respectively.
Characterization of almost perfect nonlinear functions in terms of subfunctions
Authors: Gorodilova Anastasiya A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The paper is concerned with combinatorial description of almost perfect nonlinear functions (APN-functions). A complete characterization of n-place APN-functions in terms of (n − 1)-place subfunctions is obtained. An n-place function is shown to be an APN-function if and only if each of its (n − 1)-place subfunctions is either an APN-function or has the differential uniformity 4 and the admissibility conditions hold. A detailed characterization of 2, 3 or 4-place APN-functions is presented.