bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Nation of Functionaries, a Colony of Functionaries
Authors: Sager Paul 
Published: February 2016

Antibureaucratic attitudes and ideas, distilled in the pejorative and untranslatable term fonctionnarisme, permeated political culture in late nineteenth-century France. Reacting to a rapid development of state employment, critics saw colonial expansion as a spillover effect of metropolitan administrative hypertrophy. Indochina was singled out in particular as a “colony of functionaries,” serving more as a job creation program for French “déclassés” than as a beacon of French grandeur. Criticism centered on the filling of government positions through political patronage, a system at which Indochina excelled. The state employee majority among the colony's French population likewise produced political distortions that cemented Indochina's reputation for bureaucratic excess and motivated reform efforts for decades. The well-known ascendancy of association policy in this period, which focused on Indochina, was primarily driven by the conflation of assimilation and direct administration with fonctionnarisme. Antibureaucratic ideology thus came to constitute an influential force shaping French politics in both metropole and empire.La critique du « fonctionnarisme »—la bureaucratie française présumée hypertrophiée—s'est généralisée en France pendant la fin du dix-neuvième siècle. Cet état d'esprit antibureaucratique visait spécialement l'expansion coloniale, surtout en Indochine. La fonction publique indochinoise semblait épargner les « déclassés » français du chômage plutôt qu'établir un cadre d'experts dont le travail mènerait à la grandeur coloniale. Les détracteurs blâmaient en particulier le clientélisme qui réglait l'embauche en Indochine. Le fait que la majorité de la population française de la colonie était employée dans la fonction publique avait l'effet de consolider la réputation de l'Indochine pour les excès bureaucratiques et de motiver des propositions de réforme pendant des décennies. Les critiques du « fonctionnarisme » en faisaient l'amalgame avec la politique d'assimilation et l'administration directe des colonies. La prédominance de la politique d'association pendant la fin du siècle était le résultat de cette prétendue coïncidence. L'idéologie antibureaucratique influençait ainsi simultanément la politique française en métropole et en empire.
TO THE DEFINITION OF DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS IN TERMS OF SEASONAL FREEZING AND THAWING
Authors: Мащенко Александра , Mashchenko Aleksandra 
Published: February 2016

The article presents the method of determining the deformation properties of soils thaw as well as results of the physical characteristics of frozen clay soils and silty sands. The results of the coefficient of compressibility and thawing during thawing soils are given. The article presents the methods for improvement of deformation properties of soils.
Keywords: coefficient of thawing, compressibility when thawing, clay soils, silty sands, reinforcement
O Enfermeiro frente às competências gerenciais na Gestão à Saúde: uma pesquisa bibliográfica
Authors: Melo Andréia De , Vieira Sâmella Dos Santos 
Published: February 2016

<p class="Default"><span>O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o propósito de fornecer subsídios norteadores ao enfermeiro no âmbito da Gestão em Enfermagem, especialmente para os desafios lançados às suas competências gerenciais. Consiste em uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica do tipo exploratória, e abordagem qualitativa. O banco de dados utilizado foi a Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, no período de 2004-2013, sendo o levantamento bibliográfico de artigos científicos feitos com base nos descritores: Administração em Recursos Humanos: Gestão; Competências Gerenciais. Foi possível observar que, apesar de o assunto em questão ter tomado uma percussão forte e um amplo espaço no mercado de trabalho, ainda existe uma dificuldade em definir com clareza as competências gerenciais do enfermeiro, mas as metas caminham para possibilidade de alcançarem melhores resultados correspondentes aos desafios da profissão e do mercado de trabalho<em>.</em></span></p>
The attitudes and opinions of social studies teacher candidates on the usage of technology in education<p>Sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının eğitimde teknoloji kullanımına ilişkin tutum ve görüşleri
Authors: Şimşek Ünal , Yıldırım Tahsin 
Published: February 2016

<p>In our country, just like in many other countries in the world, one of the most important goals of national education is to build up citizens who possess the informational and technological equipment necessary to our time, who are in cooperation with the environment they live in, who love their country, motherland and nation, who are adaptable and can produce solutions when faced with problems. When these matters are taken into consideration, Social Studies and the teachers who will teach them have serious duties. This work has been done in order to determine the attitudes and the opinions of social studies teacher candidates about the use of technology in education; the teachers who undertake as a duty the upbringing of well-equipped, qualified and decent citizens.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Ülkemizde tüm dünya ülkelerinde olduğu gibi milli eğitimin en önemli amaçlarından birisi; çağın gerektirdiği bilgi ve teknolojik donanımına sahip, içinde yaşadığı çevreyle işbirliği içinde olan, ülkesini, vatanını ve milletini seven, uyumlu, yaşadığı sorunlar karşısında çözüm yolları üretebilen vatandaşlar yetiştirmektir. Bu hususlar göz önünde bulundurulduğunda burada Sosyal Bilgiler dersine ve onu anlatacak olan öğretmenlere önemli görevler düşmektedir. Bu çalışma, donanımlı, nitelikli ve iyi vatandaş yetiştirmeyi kendine görev edinen sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının eğitimde teknoloji kullanımına ilişkin tutumlarının ve görüşlerinin neler olduğu tespit etmek için yapılmıştır.</p>
The relationship between primary and middle school principals’ change leadership behaviors and teachers’ organizational commitment<p>İlkokul ve ortaokul müdürlerinin değişim liderliği davranışları ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılıkları arasındaki ilişki
Authors: Çetin Çağrıcı Demet , Savaş Ahmet Cezmi 
Published: February 2016

<p>The purpose of the current study is to determine whether primary and middle school teachers’ perceptions of school principals’ change leadership behaviors are correlated with their organizational commitment. The sample of the study was comprised of 252 teachers working at 56 primary and middle schools in Birecik district of Şanlıurfa province. To collect data, “Change Leadership Scale” and “Organizational Commitment Scale” were used. Research data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, correlation analysis and regression analysis. It was concluded that school principals exhibited change leadership behaviors at moderate level (partly agree), and teachers’ organizational commitment perceptions were at moderate level (partly agree) as well. Regression analysis indicated that school principals’ change leadership behaviors were significant and positive predictors of teachers’ organizational commitment. Based on the findings of the research, it can be recommended that school principals must display democratic management, involve teachers in the decisions made regarding change and provide them with required environment and conditions for their professional development in order to enhance teachers’ organizational commitment.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu araştırmanın amacı ilkokul ve ortaokullarda görev yapan öğretmenlerin, okul müdürlerinin değişim liderliği davranışlarına ilişkin algılarının, örgütsel bağlılıklarıyla ilişkisi olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Bu araştırmanın örneklemini, Şanlıurfa İli Birecik İlçesi’ ndeki 56 ilköğretim okulunda görev yapan 252 öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla “Değişim Liderliği Ölçeği” ve “Örgütsel Bağlılık Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri ortalama, standart sapma, korelasyon analizi, regresyon analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; okul müdürlerinin değişim liderliği davranışlarını orta (kısmen katılıyorum düzeyinde) düzeyde sergiledikleri, öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılıkları ise orta (katılıyorum düzeyinde) düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Regresyon analizleri sonucunda okul müdürlerinin değişim liderliği davranışlarının öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılığını anlamlı ve pozitif olarak yordadığı görülmüştür. Araştırma bulgularına dayalı olarak öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılıklarını arttırmak için okul yöneticilerinin demokratik bir yönetim sergilemeleri, değişim ile ilgili alınan kararlarda öğretmenlerin katılımlarının sağlanması ve mesleki gelişmelerini sağlamak ve sürdürmek için öğretmenlere gerekli ortam ve olanakların sağlanması önerilebilir.</p>
Comparative Analysis Of Parameters Of Intraoperative And Postoperative Pain In Bitches Undergoing Laparoscopic Or Conventional Ovariectomy
Authors: Vasiljević Maja , Ristanović Dragan , Jovanović Milan , Davitkov Darko , Bošnjak Ivan , Krstić Vanja , Stanimirović Zoran 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the parameters of intraoperative and postoperative pain in bitches undergoing laparoscopic or conventional ovariectomy. The study was conducted on 20 healthy, adult bitches of medium and large breeds. All the bitches were subjected to the same anesthetic protocol. Carprofen was applied preoperatively, and general anaesthesia was carried out with a combination of medetomidine, propofol and sevoflurane. The bitches were divided into two groups of 10 individuals each. The first group underwent conventional ovariectomy while the second one was subjected to the laparoscopic procedure. The intensity of intraoperative pain was estimated at different time points by measuring changes in heart and respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure, and body temperature. A multifactor pain scale was used to assess the intensity of postoperative pain. Dogs in the group which was scheduled for conventional ovariectomy (COV group) responded to painful intra-operative stimuli with increased heart rate and respiratory rate. Arterial blood pressure and body temperature decrease was detected in COV group. Laparoscopic ovariectomy induced less intra- and postoperative pain when compared to conventional ovariectomy. Beside that, the total anaesthesia time and postoperative recovery were shorter in dogs that underwent laparascopic ovariectomy.
The Structure Of Bursa Of Fabricius In The Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo Rufinus): Histological And Histochemical Study
Authors: Karadag Sari Ebru , Altunay Hikmet , Kurtdede Nevin , Bakir Buket 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is a lymphoepithelial organ found only in birds. Differences in morphology of BF could play an important role in immune response. The objective of this study was to investigate the histological and histochemical characteristics of the bursa of Fabricius in the long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus). The material for the study comprised bursa samples obtained from three long-legged buzzards with permission of the General Directorate of Nature Protection and National Parks (Ankara, Turkey). Briefly, interfollicular epithelium (IFE) was shown to be columnar in shape and not to contain goblet cells. Reticular fibers were located in interfollicular septae. Each lymphoid follicle in the bursa of Fabricius in the long-legged buzzard was remarkably linked to the follicle associated epithelium (FAE). Namely, FAE has been reported to stimulate antibody production by transferring antigens to the medulla and have a leading role in developing of local immune response. Among the others, the species-specific differences in bursa of Fabricius morphology of long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus) also might support the continuity of this species in nature.
Detection Of Equine Arteritis Virus In The Semen Of Stallions In The Republic Of Serbia
Authors: Lazić Sava , Lupulović Diana , Polaček Vladimir , Valčić Miroslav , Lazić Gospava , Pašagić Enisa , Petrović Tamaš 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The results on serological testing of blood sera from stallions and mares used for breeding and the presence of the viral genome of Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) in stallion semen are presented. The blood and semen samples were taken from a horse stable on the territory of the Republic of Serbia during 2012, 2013 and 2014. Detection of anti-EAV specific antibodies in blood sera was performed by the virus neutralization test (VNT), and identification of EAV genome RNA in stallion semen was done by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In 2012, high seroprevalence of EAV was detected in the investigated stable. In total, 45% and 65 % of stallions and mares reacted positive, respectively, and the antibody titre values ranged between 2 and 10 log2. High seroprevalence was confirmed in the same animals again in 2013. Out of two stallions tested semen samples in 2013, the viral genome was detected by RT-PCR in 3 examined semen samples from a seropositive stallion, while EAV was not detected in 3 semen samples of a seronegative stallion. During 2014, 11 semen samples were collected from two seropositive stallions. Again, the presence of EAV was confirmed by RT-PCR in all 8 semen samples originating from the same stallion with the EAV genome positive semen result in 2013, whereas the virus was not detected in semen samples originating from the second anti-EAV antibody positive stallion. The presence of EAV-specific antibodies was confirmed in the blood sera of the mares inseminated with the semen of seropositive stallions in 2012 and 2013.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Periapical Lesions Upregulate the Production of Immunoregulatory Cytokines by Inflammatory Cells in Culture / Mezenhimske matične ćelije iz periapeksnih lezija stimulišu produkciju imunoregulacijskih citokina od strane inflamacijskih ćelija u kulturi
Authors: Marković Milan , Tomić Sergej , Djokić Jelena , Čolić Miodrag 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The pathophysiology of periapical lesions (PLs) is under control of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory (mainly immunoregulatory) cytokines. We have recently established mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from PLs and showed their suppressive effects on the production of proinflammatory cytokines from PLs inflammatory cells (ICs). In this work we studied the production of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-27 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, by PL-ICs in direct or indirect contacts with PL-MSCs. PL-ICs, which were isolated from four different asymptomatic PLs, predominantly composed of lymphocytes, followed by neutrophil granulocytes, macrophages and plasma cells. PLMSCs, expressing typical MSC markers, were co-cultivated with PL-ICs at 1:10 ratio, either in direct contact or in a transwell-system, for 24 hours. The levels of cytokines in cell-culture supernatants were tested by ELISA. The results showed that PL-MSCs up-regulated the production of all three immunoregulatory cytokines by PL-ICs. PL-MSCs stimulated the production of IL-10 and IL-27 via soluble factors, whereas the up-regulation of TGF-β required direct cell-to-cell contacts. In conclusion, our results showed for the first time the involvement of PL-MSCs in restriction of inflammation in PLs by up-regulation of immunoregulatory cytokines.
Attitudes and Knowledge of Medical Students about Distance Learning / Stavovi i znanje studenata medicine o učenju na daljinu
Authors: Stanković Aleksandra , Petrović Branislav , Milosević Zoran 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Distance learning can be defined as education or training offered to participants at a different place, physically distant from the lecturer or sources of information. The difference in attitudes and knowledge of students about distance learning in relation to gender and year of studying was examined. The study sample included 371 students of the Faculty of Medicine in Niš (165 students were at the first year of studies and 206 students were at the sixth year of studies). Originally structured epidemiological questionnaire was distributed to students. Gender and age had no significant influence on students’ knowledge of distance learning. There was no statistically significant difference in taking positive attitudes about distance learning among medical students of the first and sixth year. Gender has statistically significantly affected the attitudes. E-learning does not eliminate the existing methods of learning, but it supplements them and greatly helps in teaching plans and programs.
Morphological Variations of the Cemento-Enamel Junction in Permanent Dentition / Morfološke varijacije cementno gleđnog spoja kod zuba stalne denticije
Authors: Stošić Nenad , Dačić Stefan , Dačić Simonović Dragica 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) is an important anatomical structure of the tooth, which is located in the cervical part of the tooth between the crown and root, or at the contact point between the enamel which overlaps the tooth crown and cementum overlapping the root dentin.
There are four possible relationships between two tissues that make the CEJ such as: the cement overlaps the enamel; the enamel overlaps the cement; the enamel and cement abut each other with no overlap; the enamel and cement are not in contact. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the enamel and cement which make the CEJ in different types of permanent teeth.
The material consisted of 30 permanent teeth with intact CEJ. Staining of CEJ was carried out using the methylene blue. After staining, the tooth was washed under the running water and drying at room temperature. Each tooth was longitudinally cut in the vestibular-oral direction. Observation of CEJ was done with Leica light microscope and images were obtained using a Nikon camera.
The results indicated that the most common form of CEJ between the cement and enamel in the region of CEJ was that cement and enamel abutted without overlap (36.7%), followed by the cement overlapping the enamel (33.3%), and the cases when a gap between the cement and enamel (16.7%) was present, and when the enamel overlaped the cement (13.3%).
Because of the morphological diversity of CEJ, careful performing of dental interventions in the region of tooth neck is necessary because they may change the morphology of this region, induce the pathological processes and hypersensitivity of teeth.
A Concept Of Modification And Simulation Studies Of A Mechatronic Stair Transporter For The Disabled
Authors: Wudarczyk Sławomir , Muraszkowski Artur 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A numerical model of existing stair climber with its passenger was built and its operation was analysed through simulations. A modification of the stair climber has been developed on a basis of the simulation studies. The modification depends on equipping the device with additional controllable mechanism the function of which is to change the position of the passenger’s centre of gravity. Comparative simulation studies were carried out for the standard version and the modified version of the stair transporter in a system for the dynamic.
Robust Output Regulation Of Uncertain Chaotic Systems With Input Magnitude And Rate Constraints
Authors: Velosa Carlos M.N. , Bousson Kouamana 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The problem of output regulation deserves a special attention particularly when it comes to the regulation of nonlinear systems. It is well-known that the problem is not always solvable even for linear systems and the fact that some demanding applications require not only magnitude but also rate actuator constraints makes the problem even more challenging. In addition, real physical systems might have parameters whose values can be known only with a specified accuracy and these uncertainties must also be considered to ensure robustness and on the other hand because they can be crucial for the type of behaviour exhibited by the system as it happens with the celebrated chaotic systems. The present paper proposes a robust control method for output regulation of chaotic systems with parameter uncertainties and subjected to magnitude and rate actuator constraints. The method is an extension of a work recently addressed by the same authors and consists in decomposing the nonlinear system into a stabilizable linear part plus a nonlinear part and in finding a control law based on the small-gain principle. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the method using an aeronautical application. The output regulation is successfully achieved without exceeding the input constraints and stability is assured when the parameters are within the specified intervals. Furthermore, the proposed method does not require much computational effort because all the control parameters are computed offline.
A study examining the bias of albumin and albumin/creatinine ratio measurements in urine
Authors: Jacobson Beryl E. , Seccombe David W. , Katayev Alex , Levin Adeera 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe objective of the study was to examine the bias of albumin and albumin/creatinine (ACR) measurements in urine.Pools of normal human urine were augmented with purified human serum albumin to generate a series of 12 samples covering the clinical range of interest for the measurement of ACR. Albumin and creatinine concentrations in these samples were analyzed three times on each of 3 days by 24 accredited laboratories in Canada and the USA. Reference values (RV) for albumin measurements were assigned by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) comparative method and gravimetrically. Ten random urine samples (check samples) were analyzed as singlets and albumin and ACR values reported according to the routine practices of each laboratory.Augmented urine pools were shown to be commutable. Gravimetrically assigned target values were corrected for the presence of endogenous albumin using the LC-MS/MS comparative method. There was excellent agreement between the RVs as assigned by these two methods. All laboratory medians demonstrated a negative bias for the measurement of albumin in urine over the concentration range examined. The magnitude of this bias tended to decrease with increasing albumin concentrations. At baseline, only 10% of the patient ACR values met a performance limit of RV ±15%. This increased to 84% and 86% following post-analytical correction for albumin and creatinine calibration bias, respectively.International organizations should take a leading role in the standardization of albumin measurements in urine. In the interim, accuracy based urine quality control samples may be used by clinical laboratories for monitoring the accuracy of their urinary albumin measurements.