bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classifying social enterprise models in Australia
Authors: Barraket Jo , Douglas Heather , Eversole Robyn , Mason Chris , McNeill Joanne , Morgan Bronwen 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to document the nature of social enterprise models in Australia, their evolution and institutional drivers.
Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on secondary analysis of source materials and the existing literature on social enterprise in Australia. Analysis was verified through consultation with key actors in the social enterprise ecosystem.
FindingsWith its historical roots in an enterprising non-profit sector and the presence of cooperative and mutual businesses, the practice of social enterprise in Australia is relatively mature. Yet, the language of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship remains marginal and contested. The nature of social enterprise activity in Australia reflects the role of an internally diverse civil society within an economically privileged society and in response to an increasingly residualised welfare state. Australia’s geography and demography have also played determining roles in the function and presence of social enterprise, particularly in rural and remote communities.
Originality/valueThe paper contributes to comparative understandings of social enterprise and provides the first detailed account of social enterprise development in Australia.
Social enterprise in South Korea
Authors: Hwang Deok Soon , Jang Wonbong , Park Joon-Shik , Kim Shinyang 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the socio-economic background and development of social enterprises in Korea and identify representative social enterprise models.
Design/methodology/approachThe typology used in this study focuses on the interaction between civil society, the state and the market in their efforts to solve social problems. As a result, the typology is mainly related with social goals, although the organizational form is also taken into consideration when selecting representative social enterprises in each type so as to present a broad array of developmental histories.
FindingsThis paper identified four types of social enterprises: work integration social enterprises; social service provision social enterprises; regional regeneration social enterprises; and alter-economy social enterprises. These types are not immutable; another form of social enterprise might emerge to address a new social issue and lead to a new strand of similar social enterprises.
Originality/valueThis study found that the goals of social enterprises in Korea share common characteristics with those of social enterprises in European countries. Another outstanding feature of Korean social enterprises is that most social enterprises other than work integration social enterprises also regard work integration or job creation for the disadvantaged people as one of their important social missions.
‘Border’ matters in discussions of cross-border students
Authors: Chan Anita Kit-Wa , Ngan Lucille Lok-Sun , Wong Anthony K.W. , Chan W.S. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeCross-border students – children who are permanent residents of Hong Kong but live on the mainland and travel across the border to school every day – have been an important social, educational and political issue in Hong Kong. Nevertheless, current discussions regarding this issue focus mainly on the group of students whose parents are Chinese residents and seldom examine the wider contribution of social, geo-political, global-economic and policy changes to the phenomenon. These shortcomings have limited the understanding of the role of the state and the varied needs of these child migrants from diverse family backgrounds. This paper aims to address these gaps.Design/methodology/approachIt proposes to bring changing border and immigration policies in Hong Kong back into the current analysis and offers a case study of border history. It revisits publications on Hong Kong’s immigration and migration policies, official statistics and government policy papers and (re)constructs the border changes that took place during the period from 1950 to 2013, which led to the rise and complexity of cross-border students.FindingsThis critical historical review offers two important findings: First, it reveals how the government, through its restrictive and liberalized border regulations, has constrained and produced different types of cross-border families. Second, it shows that cross-border students come from diverse family configurations, which have adopted cross-border schooling as a family strategy.Originality/valueThese findings underscore the importance of historical perspective, the wider context in migration studies, the centrality of the state in migrant families and a differentiated understanding of child migrants.
The future of telephone surveys in Hong Kong
Authors: Chiu Stephen Wing-kai , Jiang Niantao 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to compare residential fixed-line telephone surveys with cell phone surveys for assessing the extent of the potential undercoverage issue evaluating the necessity and feasibility of conducting cell phone surveys or dual-frame telephone surveys in Hong Kong.

Design/methodology/approach
The research team simultaneously carried out a conventional fixed-line telephone survey and a cell phone survey in 2015 with similar features on survey design, sampling and data collection procedures. Two samples with sample size of 801 and 1,203 were achieved separately. Data collected were analysed to see to what extent survey findings will be biased if the sampling frame of telephone surveys is solely based on residential fixed-line numbers in Hong Kong, and if such a bias does exist, whether a survey conducted through cell phones or by adding a cell phone-only (CO) group would be an ideal solution for it.

Findings
The findings show that the cooperation rates for the cell phone survey were much lower than those of the fixed-line telephone survey. The respondents from two surveys were fairly different. However, estimates of most commonly used socio-demographic characteristics from the latter group had the least bias compared with population statistics. Supplanting the traditional fixed-line survey with a cell phone survey or supplementing it with a CO group will not make the resulting sample a better representative of the population but it will amplify the sample bias on the major social socio-demographic characteristics.

Originality/value
This paper empirically compares the two types of telephone surveys in a well-designed scientific study.
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in non‐HIV immunosuppressed patients
Authors: Sueki Hirohiko , Mizukawa Yoshiko , Aoyama Yumi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) represents a clinical phenomenon of immune‐mediated inflammation against various antigens, including pathogenic microorganisms, drugs and unknown autoantigens, during recovery from immunosuppressed conditions. IRIS has become well recognized in HIV‐infected populations. However, IRIS has seldom been recognized in HIV‐negative immunocompromised patients. In the last 15 years, the immunopathogenesis of drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) has been largely determined. Laboratory data and clinical observations support the idea that DIHS represents a prototype of non‐HIV IRIS. Primary diseases in which non‐HIV IRIS is secondary include severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions, such as DIHS, autoimmune diseases, collagen diseases, pregnancy and internal malignancies. Potential triggers of recovery from an immune deterioration state include a discontinuation or abrupt tapering of systemic steroids and/or immunosuppressants, withdrawal or reduced effects of anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α antibodies, and the use of immune‐checkpoint antagonists for the advanced stages of malignancies. Wide use of IRIS across large populations risks oversimplification but highlights a key unifying principle. Balanced sensitivity and specificity for its diagnostic criteria and classification are necessary for the establishment of clinical practice guidelines for non‐HIV IRIS. Additionally, the development of a useful combination of biomarkers is currently an urgent issue.
MicroRNA Let‐7 targets the ecdysone signaling pathway E75 gene to control larval–pupal development in Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Peng Wei , Zheng Wei‐Wei , Tariq Kaleem , Yu Shu‐Ning , Zhang Hong‐Yu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate various biological processes during insect development; however, their role in larval–pupal development in oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) remains unknown. In the current study, we address the biological function of a conserved miRNA, Bdo‐Let‐7 in the regulation of BdE75 gene, which belongs to the ecdysone signaling pathway and participates in the larval–pupal development in B. dorsalis. Using dual luciferase reporter assay in HEK293T cells we show that Bdo‐Let‐7 miRNA interacts with the 3′ untranslated region of BdE75 gene and suppresses its expression. The Bdo‐Let‐7 and BdE75 are also co‐expressed in the larval–pupal stages and in different tissues of B. dorsalis. In in vivo experiments, the injection of Bdo‐Let‐7 agomir and antagomir in third instar larvae down‐ and up‐regulated the expression of BdE75, respectively. The 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) injection assay shows that 20E up‐regulated the expression of Bdo‐Let‐7 on the 5th day of the larvae. Moreover, abnormal pupation and eclosion were observed after larval Bdo‐Let‐7 antagomir injection. Based on these results, we show that Bdo‐Let‐7 regulates the ecdysone signaling pathway through the exact dose of BdE75 gene, and is indispensable for normal larval–pupal development in B. dorsalis.
APPLYING A GENERAL STRAIN THEORY FRAMEWORK TO UNDERSTAND SCHOOL WEAPON CARRYING AMONG LGBQ AND HETEROSEXUAL YOUTH
Authors: BUTTON DEEANNA M. , WORTHEN MEREDITH G. F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) youth are at a higher risk for school victimization, social isolation, and school weapon carrying compared with their heterosexual peers, yet few studies have been conducted to investigate their experiences. By using a general strain theory (GST) framework, data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) statewide probability sample of Delaware heterosexual (n = 7,688) and LGBQ (n = 484) youth in grades 9–12 show that there are both similarities and differences in the factors associated with school weapon carrying among LGBQ and heterosexual youth. LGBQ and heterosexual youth's weapon carrying is related to school victimization, but social support does not moderate the relationship between school victimization and school weapon carrying as suggested by GST. Furthermore, being male is significantly related to heterosexual youth's weapon carrying, but sex is not related to weapon carrying among LGBQ youth. Overall, the results highlight a need to reconceptualize GST to help center the experiences of LGBQ youth, a historically marginalized group, within mainstream criminological literature. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.
Depletion or expansion? Understanding the effects of support policy use on employee work and family outcomes
Authors: Li Andrew , Butler Adam , Bagger Jessica 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPast research on the effects of employees' use of work–family support policies tends to draw on a depletion perspective suggesting that using these policies may reduce work–family conflict. The emphasis on depletion fails to consider the expansion perspective that assumes that using work resources may enrich family functioning. Using a sample of 113 matched employee–supervisor pairs and a 1‐month separation between predictor and criterion measurement, we found support for the expansion rather than the depletion perspective. Specifically, the relationships between support policy use and employee job satisfaction and family efficacy (but not organisational citizenship behaviour) were mediated by work‐to‐family enrichment; these effects were realised only for employees with high levels of family identity. In contrast, no support was found for family‐to‐work conflict as a mediator of the model.
Estimation of above‐ground biomass of large tropical trees with terrestrial LiDAR
Authors: Gonzalez de Tanago Jose , Lau Alvaro , Bartholomeus Harm , Herold Martin , Avitabile Valerio , Raumonen Pasi , Martius Christopher , Goodman Rosa C. , Disney Mathias , Manuri Solichin , Burt Andrew , Calders Kim 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Tropical forest biomass is a crucial component of global carbon emission estimations. However, calibration and validation of such estimates require accurate and effective methods to estimate in situ above‐ground biomass (AGB). Present methods rely on allometric models that are highly uncertain for large tropical trees. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) tree modelling has demonstrated to be more accurate than these models to infer forest AGB. Nevertheless, applying TLS methods on tropical large trees is still challenging. We propose a method to estimate AGB of large tropical trees by three‐dimensional (3D) tree modelling of TLS point clouds.

Twenty‐nine plots were scanned with a TLS in three study sites (Peru, Indonesia and Guyana). We identified the largest tree per plot (mean diameter at breast height of 73.5 cm), extracted its point cloud and calculated its volume by 3D modelling its structure using quantitative structure models (QSM) and converted to AGB using species‐specific wood density. We also estimated AGB using pantropical and local allometric models. To assess the accuracy of our and allometric methods, we harvest the trees and took destructive measurements.

AGB estimates by the TLS–QSM method showed the best agreement in comparison to destructive harvest measurements (28.37% coefficient of variation of root mean square error [CV‐RMSE] and concordance correlation coefficient [CCC] of 0.95), outperforming the pantropical allometric models tested (35.6%–54.95% CV‐RMSE and CCC of 0.89–0.73). TLS–QSM showed also the lowest bias (overall underestimation of 3.7%) and stability across tree size range, contrasting with the allometric models that showed a systematic bias (overall underestimation ranging 15.2%–35.7%) increasing linearly with tree size. The TLS–QSM method also provided accurate tree wood volume estimates (CV RMSE of 23.7%) with no systematic bias regardless the tree structural characteristics.

Our TLS–QSM method accounts for individual tree biophysical structure more effectively than allometric models, providing more accurate and less biased AGB estimates for large tropical trees, independently of their morphology. This non‐destructive method can be further used for testing and calibrating new allometric models, reducing the current under‐representation of large trees in and enhancing present and past estimates of forest biomass and carbon emissions from tropical forests.
Altered Neural Oscillations During Multisensory Integration in Adolescents with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Bolaños Alfredo D. , Coffman Brian A. , Candelaria‐Cook Felicha T. , Kodituwakku Piyadasa , Stephen Julia M. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundChildren with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), who were exposed to alcohol in utero, display a broad range of sensory, cognitive, and behavioral deficits, which are broadly theorized to be rooted in altered brain function and structure. Based on the role of neural oscillations in multisensory integration from past studies, we hypothesized that adolescents with FASD would show a decrease in oscillatory power during event‐related gamma oscillatory activity (30 to 100 Hz), when compared to typically developing healthy controls (HC), and that such decrease in oscillatory power would predict behavioral performance.MethodsWe measured sensory neurophysiology using magnetoencephalography (MEG) during passive auditory, somatosensory, and multisensory (synchronous) stimulation in 19 adolescents (12 to 21 years) with FASD and 23 age‐ and gender‐matched HC. We employed a cross‐hemisphere multisensory paradigm to assess interhemispheric connectivity deficits in children with FASD.ResultsTime–frequency analysis of MEG data revealed a significant decrease in gamma oscillatory power for both unisensory and multisensory conditions in the FASD group relative to HC, based on permutation testing of significant group differences. Greater beta oscillatory power (15 to 30 Hz) was also noted in the FASD group compared to HC in both unisensory and multisensory conditions. Regression analysis revealed greater predictive power of multisensory oscillations from unisensory oscillations in the FASD group compared to the HC group. Furthermore, multisensory oscillatory power, for both groups, predicted performance on the Intra‐Extradimensional Set Shift Task and the Cambridge Gambling Task.ConclusionsAltered oscillatory power in the FASD group may reflect a restricted ability to process somatosensory and multisensory stimuli during day‐to‐day interactions. These alterations in neural oscillations may be associated with the neurobehavioral deficits experienced by adolescents with FASD and may carry over to adulthood.
Parents spend an average of nine hours a day providing palliative care for children at home and need to maintain an average of five life‐saving devices
Authors: Lazzarin P. , Schiavon B. , Brugnaro L. , Benini F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimThis Italian study investigated home‐based palliative care for young children and how long it took parents to meet their needs.MethodsThe study population consisted of 33 families with a child under the responsibility of the Veneto Regional Center for Pediatric Palliative Care, northern Italy, who needed medical support in at least two of the following areas: respiratory, feeding, pain and seizures.ResultsThe children had a mean age of 6.8 ± 4.7 years. We found that 72% of the patients needed medical devices for feeding, 36% had a tracheostomy and 55% were on mechanical ventilatory support. The children needed an average of five different life‐supporting medical appliances, and the time taken to provide for their care increased significantly with each additional appliance (p = 0.016). Their most time‐consuming daily needs were feeding (174 minutes) and support when they woke up at night (67 minutes). The average daily time that parents spent taking care of their child amounted to eight hours and 54 minutes per day.ConclusionParents providing palliative care for children with life‐limiting diseases spent an average of nine hours a day caring for them each day and had to maintain an average of five medical appliances.
Effect of changing forage on the dynamic variation in rumen fermentation in sheep
Authors: Xie Xiao , Wang Jia‐kun , Guan Leluo , Liu Jian‐Xin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo better understand rumen adaptation during dietary transitions between high‐ and low‐quality forages, 10 rumen‐cannulated Hu sheep were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments (five sheep each) with the same concentrate‐to‐forage ratio and concentration mixture, but different forage sequences: (i) alfalfa hay (AH) to corn stover (CS) and back to AH; and (ii) CS to AH and back to CS. A significant decrease in the rumen microbial protein concentration was observed on day 6 after dietary transition whether the transition was from AH to CS or from CS to AH, and this was accompanied by an increase in the ammonia nitrogen concentration as well as a decrease in the total volatile fatty acids concentration and pH. However, after transitioning back to the original forage, the rumen fermentation parameters returned to their initial levels within 2 weeks. Our findings suggest that abrupt substitutions of forages with large nutrient differences could influence rumen function to some extent, but recovery can occur within 2 weeks without detrimental effects. Furthermore, we speculate that the variation of fermentation in the first 6 days may indicate an important rumen transition stage that requires further study.
Social, cognitive, and physiological aspects of humour perception from 4 to 8 months: Two longitudinal studies
Authors: Mireault Gina C. , Crockenberg Susan C. , Heilman Keri , Sparrow John E. , Cousineau Kassandra , Rainville Brady 
Published: September 2017

Infants laugh by 4 months, but whether they understand humour based on social or cognitive factors is unclear. We conducted two longitudinal studies of 4‐, 6‐, and 8‐month‐olds (N = 60), and 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐month‐olds (N = 53) to pinpoint the onset of independent humour perception and determine when social and cognitive factors are most salient. Infants were shown six events in randomized repeated‐measures designs: two ordinary events and two absurd iterations of those events, with parents’ affect manipulated (laugh or neutral) during the latter. Four‐month‐olds did not smile/laugh more at absurd events, but exhibited a significant heart rate deceleration. Five‐month‐olds independently appraised absurd events as humorous, smiling/laughing despite their parents’ neutrality. Parent laughter did not influence infants of any age to smile more, but captured 4‐month‐olds’ attention. Results suggest that 4‐month‐olds laugh in response to social cues, while 5‐month‐olds’ can laugh in response to cognitive features.
Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?

By 6 months, infants can independently appraise absurd events as humorous, but it is not known whether younger infants can.

What does this study add?

This study replicated the finding on younger infants, showing that 5‐month‐olds are similarly capable of independent humour appraisal. These studies also found that although 4‐month‐olds do not respond to absurd events with positive affect, they do exhibit a heart rate decrease that is unrelated to looking. These studies help delineate when social and cognitive factors contribute to infant humour perception.
Synthetic peptides designed to modulate adiponectin assembly improve obesity‐related metabolic disorders
Authors: Hampe Lutz , Xu Cheng , Harris Paul W R , Chen Jie , Liu Ming , Middleditch Martin , Radjainia Mazdak , Wang Yu , Mitra Alok K 
Published: September 2017

Background and PurposeAdiponectin, an adipokine possessing profound insulin‐sensitizing and anti‐inflammatory properties, is a potent biotherapeutic agent . The trimeric adiponectin subunit assembles into hexameric and functionally important higher molecular weight (HMW) forms, controlled by the endoplasmic reticulum protein 44 (ERp44). Obesity‐induced ER stress decreases the HMW form in serum, contributing to the development of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. In this study, a panel of synthetic peptides, designed to target ERp44–adiponectin interactions, were tested for their effects on circulating levels of HMW adiponectin.Experimental ApproachPeptides derived from the ERp44 binding region of adiponectin and immunoglobulin IgM were synthesized with or without a cell‐penetrating sequence. Cultures of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were incubated with the peptides for assessing the assembly and secretion of HMW adiponectin. Mice given standard chow or a high‐fat diet were treated acutely or chronically, with the peptides to investigate the therapeutic effects on insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism.ResultsThe designed peptides interfered with ERp44–adiponectin interactions and modulated adiponectin assembly and release from adipocytes. In particular, IgM‐derived peptides facilitated the release of endogenous adiponectin (especially the HMW form) from adipose tissue, enhanced its circulating level and the ratio of HMW‐to‐total‐adiponectin in obese mice. Long‐term treatment of mice fed with high‐fat diet by IgM‐derived peptides reduced the circulating lipid levels and improved insulin sensitivity.Conclusions and ImplicationsTargeting ERp44–adiponectin interactions with short peptides represents an effective strategy to treat of obesity‐related metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes.