bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purchasing Power and Process Attributes: Some Preliminary Considerations in the Arena of International Trade
Authors: Grolleau Gilles , BenAbid Sandoss 
Published: June 2017

We analyse the implications of regulating market-based process attributes in an international trade context. We apply our work to agro-food products by providing anecdotal evidences. To guarantee fair trading in open market-based credence goods, we underline the importance of the defining stage prior to the stages of monitoring and signalling hidden credence properties. We briefly discuss some implications of marketing process attributes in the context of international trade, notably by stressing the need for international co-operation. JEL Classification Numbers: D 82, F 13, Q 18, L 15
Economics, Ethics and Environmental Problems
Authors: Söderbaum Peter 
Published: June 2017

The relevance and usefulness of mainstream or neoclassical economics has been questioned more in some fields of inquiry than in others. Against the background of an attempt to characterize environmental problems, the fruitfulness of conventional ideas of economic analysis, as carried out in practice in the form of cost-benefit analysis, is questioned. Alternative approaches judged to be more compatible with environmental problems are indicated. It is argued that cost-benefit analysis represents a closed ethic or ideology and that approaches which open the way for various possible ethical or ideological standpoints are more promising. Different principles of resource allocation or housekeeping should be considered and the idea of only one “scientifically correct” or “true” principle abandoned. Non-monetary principles of housekeeping, such as specific versions of ecological ethics, are not “less economic” than the now dominant monetary principles.
Is There a Political Monetary Business Cycle?
Authors: Mevorach Baruch 
Published: June 2017

This paper provides a political case study explanation to the otherwise pessimistic accounts of the invariance (neutrality) proposition in the rational expectations (ratex) money-output literature. With the assistance of a partisan administration computational “rule”, the anticipated and unanticipated money components are partially separated to allow for consistent partisan anticipated and unanticipated multipliers to exist. Under republican administrations, with a lesser degree of perceived intervention in the economy, money supply is given a more unanticipated interpretation and thus incorporated to a larger degree in the calculations for determining output variance. When Democrats are in control, the larger degree of perceived intervention in the economy is given a more anticipated interpretation, and thus money supply is discounted to a larger degree, when compared with Republican administrations, from the calculations for determining output variance.
Book Review: Transnational Monopoly Capitalism
Authors: Meyer F.V. 
Published: June 2017

Transnational Monopoly Capitalism: Keith Cowling and Roger Sugden; Wheatsheaf Books Ltd, Brighton, 1987, pp. 178, ISBN 0-7450-0191-2 (cloth) £22.50 and 0-7450-0267-6 (Pbk) £8.95. Trade Theory and Policy: Ali M. El-Agraa; Macmillan Press, London, 1984, pp. 118, ISBN 0-333-36020-6, £33.00. The Stability of the International Monetary System: W.M. Scammell; Macmillan Education Ltd., London, 1987, pp. 162, ISBN 0-333-38577-2 (hardcover) £20.00 and 0-333-38578-0 (Pbk) £6.95. The Economics of the Common Market, Sixth Edition: Dennis Swann; Pelican Books, London, 1988, pp. 326, ISBN 0-14-022781-4, £6.95.
Young People and Employment in the South West
Authors: Dunkerley David , Wallace Claire 
Published: June 2017

From a comprehensive survey of over 1200 17 and 18 year olds in Devon and Cornwall, the paper concentrates on the economic position of young people. Important differences were found between the young people in urban and rural areas. Of interest here is the role played by them in the local economy. The rural South West is shown to be characterized by a prevalence of self-employment and small businesses. Furthermore, factors such as a shortage of housing and travelling difficulties leads to different kinds of interdependence between parents and children in rural areas from those found in urban areas. Although in rural areas a dependence of young people upon the family was found, this was balanced by the dependence of the family on them in the sense of a young person’s labour often being a crucial part of the family business. This interdependence is intensified in many rural businesses where there is often no geographical separation of home and workplace. The far South West experiences some of the highest unemployment and the lowest wages in the UK and yet young people in rural areas were found to have developed coping strategies manifested in both formal and informal work practices, casualization and self-employment. The ‘pluriactivity’ found shows young people socialized into long hours, hard work and poor rewards. It is clear from the results that young people are not simply passively dependent upon the household nor that the flow of resources goes simply from parents to children. Small scale rural enterprises in which young people are employed or seek to be employed still show a marked gender division of tasks. Further, it was difficult in many instances to make a clear distinction between work and non-work although again distinct gender differences are visible.
A Detailed Examination of the Translation Efficiency of Fiber Strength into Composite Strength
Authors: Pan Ning 
Published: June 2017

This work deals with the relationships between the strengths of fiber, fiber bundle and a unidirectionally reinforced fiber composite. A factor designated as the surviving fiber ratio is introduced in this study to reflect the fact that during the fracture process of a fibrous structure, the fibers will not break simultaneously because of the fiber strength variation. This new factor results in a gradual breakage pattern on the stress-strain curve, and hence reduces both the ultimate strength and the breaking strain of the structure. Incorporating this new factor into analysis leads to a more realistic prediction. Using the previous results on the distributions of fiber and fiber bundle strengths, the distribution function of the composite strength and the related distribution parameters are then derived. The effects of the interactions between fibers and matrix in the composite reflected by the critical fiber length, and the fiber strength variations accounted for by the surviving fiber ratio are included when calculating the distribution parameters for the composite strength. Next, the comparison between the predicted stress-strain curves of fiber, fiber bundle, and composite is provided to reveal the important mechanisms influencing composite strength. The most probable strength is then derived as the best estimate of the actual strength for these fibrous systems. This actual composite strength a, is compared with the mean composite strength, the actual fiber bundle strength q, and the actual fiber strength Uf so that the translation efficiency of fiber strength into composite strength is described. Based on the new approach, the important issues such as the fragmentation and the experimentally observed synergetic effects on composite strength are analyzed in detail, and the necessary conditions for these effects to occur are provided. The influences on the composite strength of the fiber and matrix properties, including the fiber scale and shape parameters a, f3, the tensile moduli ratio Em/Ef, the fiber volume fraction Vf and the shear yielding stress rT of the interface, are also discussed.
Effects of Pull Speed on Die Wall Temperatures for Flat Composites of Various Sizes
Authors: Chachad Y. R. , Roux J. A. , Vaughan J. G. , Arafat E. S. 
Published: June 2017

Properties of pultruded composites depend strongly on processing variables such as pull speed. Die wall temperatures may change depending on the size of the composite and the pull speed due to heat absorption or heat generation by the composite. It is the objective of this study to emphasize the importance of predicting and understanding the impact of die wall temperatures on centerline temperatures and degree of cure for composites of various thicknesses pultruded at different pull speeds. In order to accomplish this goal, a transient, three-dimensional numerical thermochemical heat transfer model for the heating section of the pultruder was developed. The governing energy and species equations for the composite were solved using a finite difference control volume scheme. The kinetic parameters for Shell EPON 9420 epoxy resin, determined using a heat flux type differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), were employed in this study. Previous researchers have tended to ignore the variations in die wall temperature distribution or have relied on experimentally obtained die wall temperature data to develop models and make predictions. This research overcomes those restrictions by completely predicting the temperature profiles in the entire die, thereby providing the pultrusion engineer with the tools to design a heating section of a pultrusion machine. An operational envelope has also been developed to establish guidelines for maximum pull speeds that can be used to obtain a specified degree of cure in the composite.
Lower Eyelid Rejuvenation with Skin/Skin-Muscle/Fat Repositioning Techniques
Authors: Cook Briggs E. , Lemke Bradley N. 
Published: June 2017

A preoperative examination of the cosmetic patient considering lower eyelid blepharoplasty is essential. The preoperative examination allows the patient to express his or her concerns and desires and allows the physician to establish a healthy physician-patient relationship, which is vital in the treatment of the patient. The preoperative examination also allows the physician to explain the surgery and possible complications. As opposed to the aging patient with severe dermatochalasis and orbital fat prolapse, the cosmetic patient considering lower eyelid blepharoplasty often has specific areas of the eyelids to address. It is important for the surgeon to identify these areas and understand exactly what the patient wishes to accomplish with the surgery. One patient may wish to diminish the prominence of the central and lateral fat pads, whereas another may wish to reduce redundant lower eyelid skin. It is often helpful to have the cosmetic patient hold a hand mirror and point out to the surgeon exactly the areas of concern. Both anterior and posterior approaches to the lower eyelid exist. The anterior approach to lower eyelid blepharoplasty is made through an infraciliary skin incision, and most patients require excision of excess skin, orbicularis oculi muscle, and fat. In these patients, a skin-muscle flap is removed. If only loose and redundant skin is present, a skin flap with resection of the redundant skin is performed. If only excess fat needs to be removed, a skin-muscle flap is raised, excess fat is removed, and little or no excess skin or muscle is removed.
Combining Cervicofacial Lipodissection with Orthognathic Surgery: Cosmetic Enhancement
Authors: Dreiman Bernard B. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: The addition of cervicofacial lipodissection to the procedures used with facial osteotomies has been shown to markedly improve the cosmetics of the cervicofacial complex and the results of orthognathic surgery. Materials and Methods: A technique, including instrumentation, is described as a combination of liposuction and dissection of the tissues, and photographs of 2 surgical cases are included. Results: The benefits of orthognathic surgery and facial osteotomies include improvement of the occlusion, preservation of the dentition, and better function of the temporomandibular joint. Discussion: This article is intended to review the anatomy, patient evaluation, and use of lipodissection to improve the cosmesis of the submandibular and neck tissues. The indications for orthognathic surgery are reviewed. The advantages of cervicofacial lipodissection in correcting the submental, neck, and lateral jowl fullness, which accompanies mandibular setback surgery or reduction genioplasty and neck soft tissue fullness not corrected with orthognathic surgery alone, are reviewed. The cosmetic benefits to the older adult patient with aging in the cervicofacial area are described. The benefits of maxillary and mandibular osteotomies, the shortcomings of facial osteotomies in correcting the adverse cosmesis in the neck and submental areas, and a review of the procedures used in treating neck soft tissue redundancy are discussed. The importance of preoperative soft tissue evaluation and a review of the anatomy is presented. Conclusion: The addition of lipodissection of the cervicofacial areas may result in a greatly improved neck contour. Considering the large number of surgeons performing orthognathic surgery and the increasing number of surgeons interested in cosmetic surgery, this technique combines the 2 surgical modalities.
Gynecomastia Excision Surgery Using Tumescent Liposuction and Scissors Dissection Technique
Authors: Yoho Robert A. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Male gynecomastia is popularly treated with liposuction. This article examines a combination surgery of tumescent liposuction and scissors dissection as an alternative to liposuction. Materials and Methods: A 3–4 mm cannula is used to test gynomastia tissue and develop planes above and below the dermis. If indicated, incisions are made with a 15 blade and planar tissue is excised with facelift scissors through a periareolar incision. A Jackson-Pratt drain is sutured into the incision and compressed, draining 15 mL per day for 48 hours. Additional compression is worn for 2 to 4 weeks. Results: With skilled surgery, breasts look smooth; nipple discoloration and scarring may occur. Conclusion: The combined liposuction-dissection technique may reduce the complications and revision surgery that can occur as a result of liposuction.
The Role of Cosmetic Dentistry in Facial Rejuvenation
Authors: Ong K. S. , Keng S. B. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Enhancement of facial beauty is one of the primary goals of patients seeking facial rejuvenation treatment. The lower third of the face, which is affected by the dentoalveolar complex, has a major impact on the perception of facial esthetics. This article aims to educate cosmetic surgeons about the impact that cosmetic dentistry can have on creating facial harmony and esthetics. Methods: A simple method of bioesthetic dental evaluation of the patient and common cosmetic dental procedures are discussed. Discussion: The importance of a multidisciplinary and multimodality approach by both the cosmetic surgeon and the cosmetic dentist toward creating a more complete, harmonious facial esthetic is emphasized. Results: As demonstrated by figures representative of typical cases, a combined cosmetic surgery and cosmetic dental approach yields excellent esthetic results. Conclusion: The incorporation of fundamental principles of proper smile design and dental esthetics into a facial enhancement treatment plan can achieve excellent results on a consistent basis.
The Use of Fibrin Sealant in Facelift Surgery
Authors: Fezza John J. , Cartwright Mont J. , Mack William , Flaharty Patrick 
Published: June 2017

Purpose: To report the use of fibrin sealant in facelift surgery. Methods: A prospective study of 40 individuals was performed comparing individuals undergoing facelift surgery with and without the use of fibrin sealant. Patients were enrolled in 2 groups: 20 patients underwent facelifts without fibrin glue, and 20 patients with the use of fibrin glue. The amount of bruising and edema was compared in the 2 groups, as was the incidence of complications, such as hematomas. Operating time was also assessed in the 2 groups. Results: The patients who underwent the procedure with fibrin sealant had significantly less bruising and swelling and a more rapid healing response. Another benefit was that drains were not needed when glue was used. Operating times were shorter with the use of glue. Conclusions: Fibrin sealant has great promise in improving facelift results, with fewer complications and an expedited patient recovery period without the need for drains.
The Effect of Modification of Acrylic Resins on Controlled Release and Bioadhesion
Authors: Vlachou M. , Choulis N. H. , Efentakis M. , Andreopoulos A. G. 
Published: June 2017

The effect of various treatments on the properties of an acrylic matrix was studied, in terms of its swelling properties in buffer solution. The release of two types of drugs from those matrices and their bioadhesive character were also considered. Calcium stearate and sodium lauryl sulfate were used as additives for the matrix treatment. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate was also used as a reactive agent for the acrylic resin treatment. The main function of the above chemicals is the modification of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the matrix. This investigation showed that controlled release systems can be designed by adjusting the matrix properties via additives or chemical reaction.
A Cost Effectiveness Comparison of a Pharmacist Using Three Methods for Identifying Possible Drug Related Problems
Authors: Dick M. Lawrence , Winship Henry W. , Wood George C. 
Published: June 2017

A study was carried out to determine the cost effectiveness of a pharmacist in identifying possible drug-related problems (PDRPs) using three methods: Chart reviews, rounding with physicians, and patient drug profiles. The clinical significance of the PDRPs was also determined. The type of drug-related problems being sought and the parameters to determine clinical significance of the PDRPs detected were defined. The patient drug profile system was the most productive and the least expensive method for screening for PDRPs. However, only 14 percent of those detected by this method were clinically significant PDRPs. Over half of the PDRPs identified while rounding with physicians were clinically significant. This method had many advantages the patient drug profile system lacked. The chart review method produced the median of productivity, cost, and significance.
Frequent Toxicity from IV Aminophylline Infusions in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Hendeles Leslie , Bighley Lyle , Richardson Robert H. , Hepler Charles D. , Carmichael Jan 
Published: June 2017

Use of recommended IV aminophylline dosage regimens in 48 older, acutely ill, hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) resulted in excessive plasma theophylline concentrations in 29 percent of these patients. A mean dose of 0.89 mg/kg/hr produced a plasma concentration which ranged from 7 to 52 mcg/ml with a mean of 21.9 mcg/ml. Plasma theophylline concentration was determined spectrophotometrically from plasma samples drawn at least 12 hours after a loading dose and initiation of a constant infusion. Severity of toxicity strongly correlated with the plasma theophylline concentration in 18 patients. Nausea and/or vomiting preceded life-threatening drug-induced arrhythmias and seizures less than half the time. Tachycardia was found to be the most consistent symptom associated with toxicity. These patients had lower plasma clearances than otherwise healthy younger adult asthmatics and healthy volunteers. Toxicity and identifiable risk factors for excessive plasma levels strongly correlated with reduced plasma clearance. Dosage modifications based upon plasma clearances from COPD patients without concurrent functional abnormalities and those with liver dysfunction and cardiac decompensation ranged from 0.7 to 0.12 mg/kg/hr. This study clearly demonstrates the poor correlation between dose and plasma concentration and the strong relationship between toxicity and plasma concentration. These results as well as those previously reported mandate that the relatively simple, rapid and inexpensive theophylline plasma measurement be used in all patients receiving IV aminophylline for longer than 24 hours in order to prevent toxicity.
Characteristics of Outpatient Medications and Implications with Hospitalizations
Authors: Hood Jerry C. , Murphy John E. , Gee Joseph C. 
Published: June 2017

A series of 839 patients who entered Bayfront Medical Center with their own medications was studied to determine the number of mislabeled, unlabeled, and unidentifiable medications. Thirty-four percent of the patients entered with improperly labeled medications. Such medications accounted for 23 percent of the total medications (2398) involved. In reviewing the disposition of patients involved in the study, it was found that the general study population exhibited a mortality rate of 3.38 percent compared to the hospital mortality of 3.7 percent during the same period. Of the 28 patients in the study who expired, 15 (53.6 percent) were from the group who entered with improperly labeled medications. The results emphasize the high incidence of improperly labeled drugs possessed by patients at the time of admission, and indicate the possibility of this being associated with increased mortality. The results also underline the responsibility of the pharmacist in informing the physician of the status and characteristics of such medications.
Multisensory Marketing: Creating Sustainability Perspective in Various Sectors
Authors: Kumar Prarthana 
Published: June 2017

Synchronic studies in marketing propose that sensory stimulus, like colour, lighting effects, backdrop music, ambient scents or upholstery’s texture, affect consumers’ evaluation of the milieu, the wares presented and affect consumer behaviour (e.g., approximate amount spent, time spent at a store). A customer is frequently attracted towards a brand based on its sensory experience. In toto, the unexpurgated world is experienced through multiple senses ( Lindstrom, 2005b ). Ingenious brands are discovering means to captivate the entire consumer senses to fortify their brand experience, by amalgamating every sense into the marketing strategy; this approach is called ‘sensory marketing’. Sensory branding is based on the idea that we are most likely to form, retain and revisit memory when all five senses are engaged. Many companies are discovering that when they engage consumers with multiple sensory touch points—not just the traditional sensory channels of sight or hearing—they can enhance customers’ emotional connection with their products and brands. The multisensory strategies seek to go beyond delivering functionality and value to evoking significant personal identification with products. It aims to fill in the lacuna of the conventional marketing. Technology is one of the main factors driving sensory marketing to success. Sensory marketing has made its mark in multiple fields like automobiles, airlines, hospitality, casinos, retail stores, textile, leather production, skin care and cosmetics at multiple levels. The following are a few examples for multisensory applications: 74 per cent of Europeans and 46 per cent of American recognise the Nokia ringtone ( Lindstrom, 2005a ); Ford has a specific branded aroma since 2000. Twenty seven per cent of US consumers and 37 per cent of Europeans consider ford has a distinct smell ( Lindstrom, 2005a ); United Airlines has adapted a famous composition, George Gershwin‘s Rhapsody in Blue, and personalised it; Restaurants play slower music as it creates extended dining hours, increasing 29 per cent of average bill according to an experiment; Heinz launched EZ Squirt Blastin’, Green Ketchup in 2001. They sold over 10 million bottles in the first seven months. That is the highest sales peak in the history of Heinz, all because of a simple colour adjustment. This article deals with use of sensory marketing in various sectors and its potential to develop as a sustainability strategy.