bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embryonic exposure to ethanol increases the susceptibility of larval zebrafish to chemically induced seizures
Authors: Wang Keling , Chen Xiaopan , Liu Jie , Zou Li-Ping , Feng Wenke , Cai Lu , Wu Xiaoyang , Chen Shao-yu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrenatal ethanol exposure is known to cause neurodevelopmental disorders. While high prevalence of epilepsy is observed among the children whose mothers abused alcohol during pregnancy, the results from animal studies are conflicting. Here, we investigated whether embryonic exposure to ethanol can increase the susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in larval zebrafish. Embryos at 3 hours post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to ethanol at the concentrations ranging from 0.25% to 1% for 21 hours. Control and ethanol-exposed larvae were challenged with PTZ at 7 days post-fertilization (dpf) at the concentrations of 2.5, 5 or 15 mM. The seizure behavior of larvae was recorded and analyzed using EthoVision XT 11. We found that embryonic ethanol exposure increased the percentage of larvae exhibiting typical stage II and III seizure and resulted in a significant reduction in stage I, II and III seizure latency in an ethanol concentration-dependent manner. Embryonic exposure to ethanol also significantly increased the severity of PTZ-induced seizures in larvae, as demonstrated by increased total distance traveled and the duration of mobility. This is the first demonstration that ethanol exposure during early embryonic stage can reduce the threshold for chemically induced seizures and increase the severity of seizure behavior in larval fish.
Nitrogen enrichment regulates straw decomposition and its associated microbial community in a double-rice cropping system
Authors: Guo Tengfei , Zhang Qian , Ai Chao , Liang Guoqing , He Ping , Zhou Wei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLitter bag method was conducted to investigate the decomposition characteristics of rice straw (6000 kg ha−1) and its associated microbial community under different nitrogen (N) addition rates (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg N ha−1) under double-rice rotation. Generally, straw mass reduction and nutrient release of rice straw were faster in early stage of decomposition (0−14 days after decomposition), when easily-utilized carbohydrates and amines were the preferential substrates for involved decomposers. Straw-associated N-acetyl-glucosamidase and L-leucine aminopeptidase activities, which were higher under 180 and 270 kg N ha−1 addition, showed more activities in the early stage of decomposition. Gram-positive bacteria were the quantitatively predominant microorganisms, while fungi and actinomycetes played a key role in decomposing recalcitrant compounds in late decomposition stage. Straw residue at middle decomposition stage was associated with greater cbhI and GH48 abundance and was followed by stronger β-glucosidase, β-cellobiohydrolase and β-xylosidase activities. Although enzyme activities and cellulolytic gene abundances were enhanced by 180 and 270 kg N ha−1 application, microbial communities and metabolic capability associated with rice straw were grouped by sampling time rather than specific fertilizer treatments. Thus, we recommended 180 kg N ha−1 application should be the economical rate for the current 6000 kg ha−1 rice straw returning.
Vgll3 and the Hippo pathway are regulated in Sertoli cells upon entry and during puberty in Atlantic salmon testis
Authors: Kjærner-Semb Erik , Ayllon Fernando , Kleppe Lene , Sørhus Elin , Skaftnesmo Kai , Furmanek Tomasz , Segafredo Frida T. , Thorsen Anders , Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Hansen Tom , Taranger Geir Lasse , Andersson Eva , Schulz Rüdiger W. , Wargelius Anna , Edvardsen Rolf B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVgll3 is linked to age at maturity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). However, the molecular mechanisms involving Vgll3 in controlling timing of puberty as well as relevant tissue and cell types are currently unknown. Vgll3 and the associated Hippo pathway has been linked to reduced proliferation activity in different tissues. Analysis of gene expression reveals for the first time that vgll3 and several members of the Hippo pathway were down-regulated in salmon testis during onset of puberty and remained repressed in maturing testis. In the gonads, we found expression in Sertoli and granulosa cells in males and females, respectively. We hypothesize that vgll3 negatively regulates Sertoli cell proliferation in testis and therefore acts as an inhibitor of pubertal testis growth. Gonadal expression of vgll3 is located to somatic cells that are in direct contact with germ cells in both sexes, however our results indicate sex-biased regulation of vgll3 during puberty.
Chemical camouflage: a key process in shaping an ant-treehopper and fig-fig wasp mutualistic network
Authors: Wang Bo , Lu Min , Cook James M. , Yang Da-Rong , Dunn Derek W. , Wang Rui-Wu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDifferent types of mutualisms may interact, co-evolve and form complex networks of interdependences, but how species interact in networks of a mutualistic community and maintain its stability remains unclear. In a mutualistic network between treehoppers-weaver ants and fig-pollinating wasps, we found that the cuticular hydrocarbons of the treehoppers are more similar to the surface chemical profiles of fig inflorescence branches (FIB) than the cuticular hydrocarbons of the fig wasps. Behavioral assays showed that the cuticular hydrocarbons from both treehoppers and FIBs reduce the propensity of weaver ants to attack treehoppers even in the absence of honeydew rewards, suggesting that chemical camouflage helps enforce the mutualism between weaver ants and treehoppers. High levels of weaver ant and treehopper abundances help maintain the dominance of pollinating fig wasps in the fig wasp community and also increase fig seed production, as a result of discriminative predation and disturbance by weaver ants of ovipositing non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFWs). Ants therefore help preserve this fig-pollinating wasp mutualism from over exploitation by NPFWs. Our results imply that in this mutualistic network chemical camouflage plays a decisive role in regulating the behavior of a key species and indirectly shaping the architecture of complex arthropod-plant interactions.
Analysis of chimera states as drive-response systems
Authors: Botha André E. , Kolahchi Mohammad R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChimera states are spatiotemporal segregations – stably coexisting coherent and incoherent groups – that can occur in systems of identical phase oscillators. Here we demonstrate that this remarkable phenomenon can also be understood in terms of Pecora and Carroll’s drive-response theory. By calculating the conditional Lyapunov exponents, we show that the incoherent group acts to synchronize the coherent group; the latter playing the role of a response. We also compare the distributions of finite-time conditional Lyapunov exponents to the characteristic distribution that was reported previously for chimera states. The present analysis provides a unifying explanation of the inherently frustrated dynamics that gives rise to chimera states.
Formation of Multi-Component Extracellular Matrix Protein Fibers
Authors: Ahn Seungkuk , Lee Keel Yong , Parker Kevin Kit , Shin Kwanwoo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of polymerized protein monomers that form a unique fibrous network providing stability and structural support to surrounding cells. We harnessed the fibrillogenesis mechanisms of naturally occurring ECM proteins to produce artificial fibers with a heterogeneous protein makeup. Using ECM proteins as fibril building blocks, we created uniquely structured multi-component ECM fibers. Sequential incubation of fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LAM) resulted in self-assembly into locally stacked fibers. In contrast, simultaneous incubation of FN with LAM or collagen (COL) produced molecularly stacked multi-component fibers because both proteins share a similar assembly mechanism or possess binding domains specific to each other. Sequential incubation of COL on FN fibers resulted in fibers with sandwiched layers because COL molecules bind to the external surface of FN fibers. By choosing proteins for incubation according to the interplay of their fibrillogenesis mechanisms and their binding domains (exposed when they unfold), we were able to create ECM protein fibers that have never before been observed.
A presumed homologue of the regulatory subunits of eIF2B functions as ribose-1,5-bisphosphate isomerase in Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3
Authors: Gogoi Prerana , Kanaujia Shankar Prasad 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe homologues of the regulatory subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) are assumed to be present in archaea. Likewise, an ORF, PH0208 in Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 have been proposed to encode one of the homologues of regulatory subunits of eIF2B. However, PH0208 protein also shares sequence similarity with a functionally non-related enzyme, ribose-1,5-bisphosphate isomerase (R15Pi), involved in conversion of ribose-1,5-bisphosphate (R15P) to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) in an AMP-dependent manner. Herein, we have determined the crystal structure of PH0208 protein in order to decipher its true function. Although structurally similar to the regulatory subunits of eIF2B, the ability to bind R15P and RuBP suggests that PH0208 would function as R15Pi. Additionally, this study for the first time reports the binding sites of AMP and GMP in R15Pi. The AMP binding site in PH0208 protein clarified the role of AMP in providing structural stability to R15Pi. The binding of GMP to the ‘AMP binding site’ in addition to its own binding site indicates that GMP might also execute a similar function, though with less specificity. Furthermore, we have utilized the resemblance between PH0208 and the regulatory subunits of eIF2B to propose a model for the regulatory mechanism of eIF2B in eukaryotes.
Strategies To Access γ-Hydroxy-γ-butyrolactams
Authors: Commeiras Laurent , Mardjan Muhammad Idham Darussalam , Parrain Jean-Luc 
Published: January 2018

α,β-Unsaturated γ-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactams are of a great interest due to their presence in designed pharmaceutical molecules and numerous natural products displaying a broad spectrum of biological activities. In addition, these five-membered heterocyclic compounds are also relevant and versatile building blocks in organic synthesis. In this context, strategies for the construction of these scaffolds has triggered considerable attention and this review highlights the progress in the formation of α,β-unsaturated γ-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactams (5-hydroxy-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones).1	Introduction2	Intramolecular Routes3	Intermolecular Routes4	Oxidation of Heterocyclic Compounds5	Miscellaneous6	Conclusion
Application of Trimethylsilanolate Alkali Salts in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Hlaváč Jan , Bürglová Kristýna 
Published: January 2018

Trimethylsilanolate alkali salts are widely used in organic synthesis, mainly due to their solubility in common organic solvents. They are frequently used as nucleophiles in ester hydrolysis, both in solution and solid-phase chemistry. However, they have also been used as mild bases or as specific reagents in some chemical transformations. Reactions employing trimethylsilanolate alkali salts as the key component are typically performed under mild reaction conditions. This review summarizes the utilization of trimethylsilanolate alkali salts in various organic transformations.1	Introduction2	Properties of Alkali Metal Trimethylsilanolates (TMSO[M])3	Trimethylsilanolate Alkali Salts in Organic Synthesis4	Conclusion
Lateral Skull Base Approaches in Pediatric Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Kazahaya Ken 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLateral skull base pathology is rare in children. Awareness of the potential for lateral skull base lesions in children is imperative for timely identification and appropriate management. Some of the common presentations and pathologies shall be presented, as well as a variety of approaches that may be utilized to access the lateral skull base in the pediatric patient. Although the lateral skull base approaches utilized in adults may also be considered for management of pediatric lesions, some special considerations given the small developing anatomy need to be kept in mind.
Empirische Einschätzung
Authors: Illichmann Ulrike 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Assessmentinstrumente in der Pflegepraxis Im Pflegeprozess ist es unerlässlich, Informationen zu sammeln und zu interpretieren, um
Diagnosen zu stellen und Interventionen zu planen. Zum Einsatz kommen dabei verschiedene Assessmentinstrumente und
Pflegeklassifikationssysteme. Wie sie in der Pflegepraxis angewendet werden, erläutert unsere Autorin anhand eines Fallbeispiels.
Rechtliche Grauzone?
Authors: Melzer Ruth 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Gesetzliche Grundlagen Während der Durchführung von Zwangsmaßnahmen können Pflegende schnell mit dem Gesetz in Konflikt geraten. Hinzu
kommt, dass die gesetzlichen Vorschriften zu Zwangsmaßnahmen in der Psychiatrie innerhalb der deutschen Bundesländer und in den einzelnen
Kliniken unterschiedlich gehandhabt werden. Damit Sie den Durchblick behalten, erläutert unsere Autorin die wichtigsten Paragrafen.
Impact of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on time to exhaustion during Ramadan: A randomized controlled trial in Jordanian men
Authors: Bataineh Mo'ath F. , Al‐Nawaiseh Ali M. , Abu Altaieb Mohammad H. , Bellar David M. , Hindawi Omar S. , Judge Lawrence W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMouth rinsing using a carbohydrate (CHO) solution has been suggested to improve physical performance in fasting participants. This study examined the effects of CHO mouth rinsing during Ramadan fasting on running time to exhaustion and on peak treadmill speed (Vpeak). In a counterbalanced crossover design, 18 sub‐elite male runners (Age: 21 ± 2 years, Weight: 68.1 ± 5.7 kg, VO2max: 55.4 ± 4.8 ml/kg/min) who observed Ramadan completed a familiarization trial and three experimental trials. The three trials included rinsing and expectorating a 25 mL bolus of either a 7.5% sucrose solution (CHO), a flavour and taste matched placebo solution (PLA) for 10 s, or no rinse (CON). The treatments were performed prior to an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion. Three‐day dietary and exercise records were obtained on two occasions and analysed. Anthropometric characteristics were obtained and recorded for all participants. A main effect for mouth rinse on peak velocity (Vpeak) (CHO: 17.6 ± 1.5 km/h; PLA: 17.1 ± 1.4 km/h; CON: 16.7 ± 1.2 km/h; P < .001, ηp2 = 0.49) and time to exhaustion (CHO: 1282.0 ± 121.3 s; PLA: 1258.1 ± 113.4 s; CON: 1228.7 ± 98.5 s; P = .002, ηp2 = 0.41) was detected, with CHO significantly higher than PLA (P < .05) and CON (P < .05). Oxygen consumption, heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, and rating of perceived exertion were not significantly different between treatments or trials (P > .05). Energy availability from dietary analysis, body weight, and fat‐free mass did not change during the last two weeks of Ramadan (P > .05). This study concludes that carbohydrate mouth rinsing improves running time to exhaustion and peak treadmill speed under Ramadan fasting conditions.
Detection of antibiotic resistance toxigenic Clostridium difficile in processed retail lettuce
Authors: Han Yi , King Joan , Janes Marlene E 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Objectives: Clostridium difficile is the major cause of infectious diarrhoea in humans after antimicrobial treatment. Clostridium difficile has been isolated from food animals and meat. The main purpose of this study was to characterize C. difficile isolated from retail lettuce and determine the antibiotic resistance using five common clinical-selected antibiotics (metronidazole, vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and cefotaxime).
Materials and Methods: Lettuce samples (grown in California, Arkansas, and Louisiana) were purchased from retail stores.
Results: Toxigenic C. difficile was isolated from 13.8 per cent (41/297) of the lettuce samples. Among the toxigenic isolates, only 82.9 per cent (34/41) produced toxin B, 17.1 per cent (7/41) produced both toxin A and toxin B, and two of the Louisiana C. difficile isolates were identified as ribotype 027. Under the treatment of the five antibiotics, the virulence C. difficile isolates were identified as having antibiotic resistance to metronidazole, vancomycin, and erythromycin.
Conclusion: The present study reports the highest prevalence of toxigenic C. difficile in US retail lettuce. The antibiotic resistance to metronidazole, vancomycin, and erythromycin of the isolated C. difficile from retail lettuces could lead to public health concerns.
Preventing Late-Life Depression: Lessons in Intervention Development From Goa, India
Authors: Reynolds Charles F , Dias Amit , Cohen Alex , Morse Jennifer , Anderson Stewart J , Cuijpers Pim , Patel Vikram 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We describe the development of an intervention strategy for the indicated prevention of depression in older adults living in Goa, India. Of particular novelty, the intervention is deliverable by lay health counselors and is grounded in problem solving therapy for primary care and brief behavioral treatment for insomnia. We have named the intervention “DIL” (the Hindi word for “heart” and an acronym for “depression in late life.”) Additional DIL strategies include psychoeducation in self-management of co-occurring medical disorders such as diabetes mellitus, together with assistance in navigation to needed social and economic resources. We present the results of a preliminary open-trial case series involving 21 participants with subsyndromal symptoms of depression, demonstrating feasibility, acceptability, and benefit to participants. We then present the design of a larger confirmatory trial into which 181 participants have been enrolled. “DIL” is a novel and large depression prevention trial conducted with lay health counselors in a low-resource country. Its results are likely to have implications for depression prevention in older adults in other low- and middle-income countries and to inform contemporary models of the staging of depressive illness in later life.
Mycobacterium chimaera Infection After Aortic Valve Replacement Presenting With Aortic Dissection and Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: O’Neil C R , Taylor G , Smith S , Joffe A M , Antonation K , Shafran S , Kunimoto D 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present a case of Mycobacterium chimaera infection presenting with aortic dissection and pseudoaneuysm in a 22-year-old man with a past history of aortic valve replacement. Clinicians should consider M. chimaera infection in those presenting with aortic dissection as a late complication of cardiovascular surgery.
Molecular Identification of Bacteria in Intra-abdominal Abscesses Using Deep Sequencing
Authors: Kozlov Andrew , Bean Lorenzo , Hill Emilie V , Zhao Lisa , Li Eric , Wang Gary P 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundIntra-abdominal abscesses are localized collections of pus, which generally arise from a breach in the normal mucosal defense barrier that allows bacteria from gastrointestinal tract, and less commonly from the gynecologic or urinary tract, to induce inflammation, resulting in an infection. The microbiology of these abscesses is usually polymicrobial, associated with the primary disease process. However, the microbial identity, diversity and richness in intra-abdominal abscesses have not been well characterized, due in part to the difficulty in cultivating commensal organisms using standard culture-based techniques.MethodsWe used culture-independent 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing to characterize bacterial communities in intra-abdominal abscesses collected by percutaneous drainage. A total of 43 abscess samples, including 19 (44.2%) Gram stain and culture-negative specimens, were analyzed and compared with results from conventional microbiologic cultures.ResultsMicrobial composition was determined in 8 of 19 culture-negative samples and 18 of 24 culture-positive samples, identifying a total of 221 bacterial taxa or operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and averaging 13.1 OTUs per sample (interquartile range, 8–16.5 OTUs). Microbial richness for monomicrobial and polymicrobial samples was significantly higher than culture-negative samples (17 and 15.2 OTUs vs 8 OTUs, respectively), with a trend toward a higher microbial diversity (Shannon diversity index of 0.87 and 1.18 vs 0.58, respectively).ConclusionsThe bacterial consortia identified by cultures correlated poorly with the microbial composition determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, and in most cases, the cultured isolates were minority constituents of the overall abscess microbiome. Intra-abdominal abscesses were generally polymicrobial with a surprisingly high microbial diversity, but standard culture-based techniques failed to reveal this diversity. These data suggest that molecular-based approaches may be helpful for documenting the presence of bacteria in intra-abdominal abscesses where standard cultures are unrevealing, particularly in the setting of prior antibiotic exposure.
Smart Glasses for Neurosurgical Navigation by Augmented Reality
Authors: Maruyama Keisuke , Watanabe Eiju , Kin Taichi , Saito Kuniaki , Kumakiri Atsushi , Noguchi Akio , Nagane Motoo , Shiokawa Yoshiaki 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Wearable devices with heads-up displays or smart glasses can overlay images onto the sight of the wearer. This technology has never been applied to surgical navigation.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the applicability and accuracy of smart glasses for augmented reality (AR)-based neurosurgical navigation.

METHODS
Smart glasses were applied to AR-based neurosurgical navigation. Three-dimensional computer graphics were created based on preoperative magnetic resonance images and visualized in see-through smart glasses. Optical markers were attached to the smart glasses and the patient's head for accurate navigation. Two motion capture cameras were used for registration and continuous monitoring of the location of the smart glasses in relation to the patient's head. After the accuracy was assessed with a phantom, this technique was applied in 2 patients with brain tumors located in the brain surface.

RESULTS
A stereoscopic view by image overlay through the smart glasses was successful in the phantom and in both patients. Hands-free neuronavigation inside the operative field was available from any angles and distances. The targeting error in the phantom measured in 75 points ranged from 0.2 to 8.1 mm (mean 3.1 ± 1.9 mm, median 2.7 mm). The intraoperative targeting error between the visualized and real locations in the 2 patients (measured in 40 points) ranged from 0.6 to 4.9 mm (mean 2.1 ± 1.1 mm, median 1.8 mm).

CONCLUSION
Smart glasses enabled AR-based neurosurgical navigation in a hands-free fashion. Stereoscopic computer graphics of targeted brain tumors corresponding to the surgical field were clearly visualized during surgery.
Innovative Practice in Advancement of Academic Nurse Educator Careers: Developing Scholarship From Program Grants
Authors: Eddy Linda L. , Hoeksel Renee , Fitzgerald Cindy , Doutrich Dawn 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We describe an innovative practice in advancing careers of academic nurse educators: demonstrating scholarly productivity from program grants. Scholarly productivity is often narrowly defined, especially in research-intensive institutions. The expectation may be a career trajectory based on the traditional scholarship of discovery. However, nurse educators, especially at the associate and full professor ranks, are often involved in leadership activities that include writing and managing program grants. We encourage the academy to value and support the development of program grants that include significant scholarly components, and we offer exemplars of associate and full professor scholarship derived from these projects.