bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voriconazole is a safe and effective anti-fungal prophylactic agent during induction therapy of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Shah Akash , Ganesan Prasanth , Radhakrishnan Venkatraman , Kannan Krishnarathinam , Rajendranath Rejiv , Mahajan Vandana , Vijayakumar Varalakshmi , Ganesan Trivadi , Sagar Tenali 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background: Antifungal prophylaxis (AFP) reduces the incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) during induction therapy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Posaconazole is considered the standard of care. Voriconazole, a generic cheaper alternative is a newer generation azole with broad anti-fungal activity. There is limited data on the use of voriconazole as a prophylactic drug. Materials and Methods: A single-center, prospective study was performed during which patients with AML undergoing induction chemotherapy received voriconazole as AFP (April 2012 to February 2014). Outcomes were compared with historical patients who received fluconazole as AFP (January 2011-March 2012, n = 66). Results: Seventy-five patients with AML (median age: 17 years [range: 1-75]; male:female 1.6:1) received voriconazole as AFP. The incidence of proven/probable/possible (ppp) IFI was 6.6% (5/75). Voriconazole and fluconazole cohorts were well-matched with respect to baseline characteristics. Voriconazole (when compared to fluconazole) reduced the incidence of pppIFI (5/75, 6.6% vs. 19/66, 29%; P < 0.001), need to start therapeutic (empiric + pppIFI) antifungals (26/75, 34% vs. 51/66, 48%; P < 0.001) and delayed the start of therapeutic antifungals in those who needed it (day 16 vs. day 10; P < 0.001). Mortality due to IFI was also reduced with the use of voriconazole (1/75, 1.3% vs. 6/66, 9%; P = 0.0507), but this was not significant. Three patients discontinued voriconazole due to side-effects. Conclusion: Voriconazole is an effective and safe oral agent for IFI prophylaxis during induction therapy of AML. Availability of generic equivalents makes this a more economical alternative to posaconazole.
Recurrence of Cosine Operator Functions on Groups
Authors: Chen Chung-Chuan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this note, we study the recurrence and topologically multiple recurrence of a sequence of operators on Banach spaces. In particular, we give a sufficient and necessary condition for a cosine operator function, induced by a sequence of operators on the Lebesgue space of a locally compact group, to be topologically multiply recurrent.
A Aritmética Intuitiva do curso primário lida em livro didático: como ensinar número e cálculo?
Authors: Oliveira Marcus Aldenisson , Mesquita Ilka Miglio 
Published: February 2016

Neste artigo, objetiva-se compreender a proposta metodológica utilizada para ensinar Aritmética em escolas primárias dos anos Oitocentos, no tempo da vaga pedagógica intuitiva. Para tal compreensão, toma-se como fonte privilegiada a Arithmetica Primária, de Antônio Bandeira Trajano, nos anos 1889/1890. Dessa forma, interessa saber: como a Arithmetica Primária apresentou uma proposta intuitiva para ensinar a contar e a calcular? A primeira parte do artigo concentra-se em analisar o livro didático como fonte de investigação e sua relevância enquanto objeto de pesquisa. Em seguida, foca-se nos elementos que materializam o livro em questão a partir de sua desestruturação/desmontagem, tendo em vista a perspectiva de análise proposta pelo historiador Jacques Le Goff (1994). Por fim, apresenta-se como se configurou a proposta intuitiva para ensinar a contar e a calcular, através da análise das páginas da Arithmetica Primária. A análise revelou que a proposta intuitiva para o ensino de número e cálculo conferiu outros realces à Aritmética do curso primário: o apelo à observação, manipulação, experimentação, comparação e prática.
A oralidade na formação linguística do professor alfabetizador
Authors: Lima dos Santos Bazzo Jilvania 
Published: February 2016

Ensinar a leitura e a escrita se constituem nos dois principais eixos norteadores a identidade do professor alfabetizador. Comumente, no ciclo de alfabetização, a linguagem oral é dotada como material físico para o trabalho de representação da escrita, sendo a reprodução da fala priorizada nesse processo em detrimento de seu patrimônio cultural. Ao problematizar esta questão, fundamentada numa perspectiva interacional, histórica e cultural da linguagem, neste artigo se discute sobre a cultura oral e a oralidade como objetos de trabalho e de pesquisa imprescindíveis para a formação linguística do professor. Dessa forma, o que é oralidade? Quais as contribuições dessa atividade social para alfabetizar uma criança? Qual o sentido e os efeitos de um processo de alfabetização que considera a oralidade imbricada ao ensino da produção textual oral, escrita e audiovisual? Conclui-se que ao ensinar as crianças a brincarem com textos, palavras, imagens e sons, o professor alfabetizador as ensina a cultivar e apreciar o belo, a beleza do encantamento, a fantasia e o estranhamento como elementos vigorosos para o aprendizado da humanização. Nesse processo, ele também as ensina a defenderem um posicionamento, quer seja escrito ou oral, a se sensibilizarem e a se colocarem de forma emancipada e criativa diante de qualquer problema ou desafio.
Variability in snow cover phenology in China from 1952 to 2010
Authors: Ke Chang-Qing , Li Xiu-Cang , Xie Hongjie , Ma Dong-Hui , Liu Xun , Kou Cheng 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Daily snow observation data from 672 stations in China, particularly the 296 stations with over 10 mean snow cover days (SCDs) in a year during the period of 1952–2010, are used in this study. We first examine spatiotemporal variations and trends of SCDs, snow cover onset date (SCOD), and snow cover end date (SCED). We then investigate the relationships of SCDs with number of days with temperature below 0 °C (TBZD), mean air temperature (MAT), and Arctic Oscillation (AO) index. The results indicate that years with a positive anomaly of SCDs for the entire country include 1955, 1957, 1964, and 2010, and years with a negative anomaly of SCDs include 1953, 1965, 1999, 2002, and 2009. The reduced TBZD and increased MAT are the main reasons for the overall late SCOD and early SCED since 1952. This explains why only 12 % of the stations show significant shortening of SCDs, while 75 % of the stations show no significant change in the SCDs trends. Our analyses indicate that the distribution pattern and trends of SCDs in China are very complex and are not controlled by any single climate variable examined (i.e. TBZD, MAT, or AO), but a combination of multiple variables. It is found that the AO has the maximum impact on the shortening trends of SCDs in the Shandong peninsula, Changbai Mountains, Xiaoxingganling, and north Xinjiang, while the combined TBZD and MAT have the maximum impact on the shortening trends of SCDs in the Loess Plateau, Tibetan Plateau, and Northeast Plain.
SISTEMA BRASILEIRO DE PRECEDENTES JUDICIAIS OBRIGATÓRIOS E OS DEVERES INSTITUCIONAIS DOS TRIBUNAIS: UNIFORMIDADE, ESTABILIDADE, INTEGRIDADE E COERÊNCIA DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA
Authors: Souza Junior Fredie Didier 
Published: February 2016

<p>Em março de 2015 foi promulgado o novo Código de Processo Civil brasileiro (CPC). A partir de março de 2016, fica revogado o Código de Processo Civil de 1973 (CPC-1973).</p><p>Um dos pilares do novo Código é a estruturação dogmática de um sistema de precedentes judiciais obrigatórios. Essa transformação do direito brasileiro deve-se muito ao modo pelo qual a jurisdição vem sendo examinada pelos estudiosos do Direito no Brasil.</p><p>Nicola Picardi, em texto célebre e muito difundido no Brasil, fala da “vocação do nosso tempo para a jurisdição”<a href="file:///C:/Users/913206/Desktop/SISTEMA%20BRASILEIRO%20DE%20PRECEDENTES%20JUDICIAIS.docx#_ftn1">[1]</a>. O Direito processual civil brasileiro é, hoje, uma comprovação da intuição do mestre italiano.</p><p>Esse ensaio, que tem por objetivo examinar uma parte nuclear do sistema de precedentes obrigatórios no Direito brasileiro, é, assim, a singela homenagem de um jovem brasileiro a um dos mais influentes juristas italianos.</p><p> </p><div><br /><hr size="1" /><div><p><a href="file:///C:/Users/913206/Desktop/SISTEMA%20BRASILEIRO%20DE%20PRECEDENTES%20JUDICIAIS.docx#_ftnref1">[1]</a> PICARDI, Nicola. “La vocazione del nostro tempo per la giurisdizione”. <em>Rivista Trimestrale di Diritto e Procedura Civile.</em> Milano: Giuffrè, 2004, n. 1, p. 41 e segs.</p></div></div>
A Long-Term Study of the Effect of Subtalar Arthrodesis on the Ankle and Hindfoot Joints
Authors: Yang Chonglin , Xu Xiangyang , Zhu Yuan , Liu Jinhao , Wei Baofu 
Published: February 2016

Background: Subtalar arthrodesis is a common therapy for subtalar joint disorders. In this article, we evaluate the effect of subtalar arthrodesis on the ankle and hindfoot joints.
Methods: Fifty patients (33 men and 17 women) underwent subtalar arthrodesis between January 1, 1996, and August 31, 2011. The 36-item Short-Form Health Survey and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle hindfoot scores were used for clinical evaluation. Radiographic analysis included assessment of degenerative changes and ankle and hindfoot joint function in the frontal and sagittal planes.
Results: Thirty-seven patients (27 men and 10 women; mean age, 42.6 years) were followed up for an average of 9.2 years (range, 2–17 years). The mean ± SD 36-item Short-Form Health Survey score improved from 30.21 ± 7.19 before surgery to 78.50 ± 12.23, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle hindfoot score increased from 50.32 ± 12.39 to 73.14 ± 15.44. Degenerative changes in the talonavicular, calcaneocuboid, metatarsocuboid, and ankle joints occurred. The talar-vertical angle was positively related to the tibial-plantar minimal angle (affected side: r = 0.56; P &lt; .01; healthy side: r = 0.46; P &lt; .01). The difference in hindfoot height is positively related to the difference in tibial-plantar minimal angle (r = 0.54; P &lt; .01).
Conclusions: Subtalar arthrodesis is effective treatment for subtalar joint disease but could induce joint degeneration and ankle joint motion limitation related to talar declination and hindfoot height.
Evaluating Iatrogenic Complications of the Total-Contact Cast
Authors: Owings Tammy M. , Nicolosi Nicole , Suba Jessica M. , Botek Georgeanne 
Published: February 2016

Background: Total-contact casting is an effective method to treat various pathologic abnormalities in patients with diabetic neuropathy, but its use is frequently associated with iatrogenic complications.
Methods: The largest retrospective review to date of iatrogenic complications of total-contact casts was conducted over an 8-year period at Cleveland Clinic.
Results: In the past 8 years, 23% of patients developed complications, and the most common complication was a new heel ulcer formation. Of these complications, 92.1% resolved, 6.4% were lost to follow-up, and 1.4% resulted in a partial foot amputation. Mean cast duration was 10.3 days for patients who developed a total-contact cast iatrogenic complication. The most common indication for the use of a total-contact cast was a neuropathic foot ulceration.
Conclusions: The results of this study support the use of total-contact casting in the insensate patient with diabetes. However, adequate staff training in total-contact cast application is recommended to reduce complications.
Material properties of pulsed-laser crystallized Si thin films grown on yttria-stabilized zirconia crystallization-induction layers by two-step irradiation method
Authors: Lien Mai Thi Kieu , Horita Susumu 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Amorphous Si thin films on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) layers were crystallized widely in solid phase by the two-step method with a pulsed laser, moving the sample stage. The crystalline quality, impurity diffusion, and electrical properties of the crystallized Si films were investigated. It was found that the crystallinity of the Si thin films was improved and their surface was smooth without an incubation layer at the interface, indicating the uniform crystallinity of Si on YSZ. The diffusion of Zr and Y into the Si thin films was as small as or smaller than the order of 1017 atoms/cm3. We evaluated the electrical properties of carrier concentration and Hall mobility of the Si thin films with/without YSZ layers by using the resistivity and AC Hall effect measurements. The temperature and doping concentration dependences were measured for both undoped and P-doped films. It was found that both the undoped and P-doped Si/YSZ/glass films showed higher mobilities and carrier concentrations (and therefore higher conductivities), which indicate a smaller number of defects, than the Si/glass films. This suggested that the Si film crystallized on the YSZ layer is more suitable for application to electronic devices than the Si film on glass.
Ion cyclotron waves at Titan
Authors: Russell C. T. , Wei H. Y. , Cowee M. M. , Neubauer F. M. , Dougherty M. K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDuring the interaction of Titan's thick atmosphere with the ambient plasma, it was expected that ion cyclotron waves would be generated by the free energy of the highly anisotropic velocity distribution of the freshly ionized atmospheric particles created in the interaction. However, ion cyclotron waves are rarely observed near Titan, due to the long growth times of waves associated with the major ion species from Titan's ionosphere, such as CH4+ and N2+. In the over 100 Titan flybys obtained by Cassini to date, there are only two wave events, for just a few minutes during T63 flyby and for tens of minutes during T98 flyby. These waves occur near the gyrofrequencies of proton and singly ionized molecular hydrogen. They are left‐handed, elliptically polarized, and propagate nearly parallel to the field lines. Hybrid simulations are performed to understand the wave growth under various conditions in the Titan environment. The simulations using the plasma and field conditions during T63 show that pickup protons with densities ranging from 0.01 cm−3 to 0.02 cm−3 and singly ionized molecular hydrogens with densities ranging from 0.015 cm−3 to 0.25 cm−3 can drive ion cyclotron waves with amplitudes of ~0.02 nT and of ~0.04 nT within appropriate growth times at Titan, respectively. Since the T98 waves were seen farther upstream than the T63 waves, it is possible that the instability was stronger and grew faster on T98 than T63.
Potential precursor compounds for chlorohydrocarbons detected in Gale Crater, Mars, by the SAM instrument suite on the Curiosity Rover
Authors: Miller Kristen E. , Eigenbrode Jennifer L. , Freissinet Caroline , Glavin Daniel P. , Kotrc Benjamin , Francois Pascaline , Summons Roger E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe detection of chlorinated organic compounds in near‐surface sedimentary rocks by the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite aboard the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover represents an important step toward characterizing habitable environments on Mars. However, this discovery also raises questions about the identity and source of their precursor compounds and the processes by which they become chlorinated. Here we present the results of analog experiments, conducted under conditions similar to SAM gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analyses, in which we pyrolyzed potential precursor compounds in the presence of various Cl salts and Fe oxides that have been identified in Martian sediments. While chloromethanes could not be unambiguously identified, 1,2‐dichloropropane (1,2‐DCP), which is one of the chlorinated compounds identified in SAM data, is formed from the chlorination of aliphatic precursors. Additionally, propanol produced more 1,2‐DCP than nonfunctionalized aliphatics such as propane or hexanes. Chlorinated benzenes ranging from chlorobenzene to hexachlorobenzene were identified in experiments with benzene carboxylic acids but not with benzene or toluene. Lastly, the distribution of chlorinated benzenes depended on both the substrate species and the nature and concentration of the Cl salt. Ca and Mg perchlorate, both of which release O2 in addition to Cl2 and HCl upon pyrolysis, formed less chlorobenzene relative to the sum of all chlorinated benzenes than in experiments with ferric chloride. FeCl3, a Lewis acid, catalyzes chlorination but does not aid combustion. Accordingly, both the precursor chemistry and sample mineralogy exert important controls on the distribution of chlorinated organics.
Flow structure and resistance over subaquaeous high‐ and low‐angle dunes
Authors: Kwoll E. , Venditti J. G. , Bradley R. W. , Winter C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA prominent control on the flow over subaqueous dunes is the slope of the downstream leeside. While previous work has focused on steep (~30°), asymmetric dunes with permanent flow separation, little is known about dunes with lower lee slope angles for which flow separation is absent or intermittent. Here we present a laboratory investigation where we systematically varied the dune lee slope, holding other geometric parameters and flow hydraulics constant, to explore effects on the turbulent flow field and flow resistance. Three sets of fixed dunes (lee slopes of 10°, 20°, and 30°) were separately installed in a 15 m long and 1 m wide flume and subjected to 0.20 m deep flow. Measurements consisted of high‐frequency, vertical profiles collected with a Laser Doppler Velocimeter. We show that the temporal and spatial occurrence of flow separation decreases with dune lee slope. Velocity gradients in the dune leeside depict a free shear layer downstream of the 30° dunes and a weaker shear layer closer to the bed for the 20° and 10° dunes. The decrease in velocity gradients leads to lower magnitude of turbulence production for gentle lee slopes. Aperiodic, strong ejection events dominate the shear layer but decrease in strength and frequency for low‐angle dunes. Flow resistance of dunes decreases with lee slope; the transition being nonlinear. Over the 10°, 20°, and 30° dunes, shear stress is 8%, 33%, and 90% greater than a flat bed, respectively. Our results demonstrate that dune lee slope plays an important but often ignored role in flow resistance.
Adeno‐associated virus–delivered artificial microRNA extends survival and delays paralysis in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model
Authors: Stoica Lorelei , Todeasa Sophia H. , Cabrera Gabriela Toro , Salameh Johnny S. , ElMallah Mai K. , Mueller Christian , Brown Robert H. , Sena‐Esteves Miguel 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of motor neurons, resulting in progressive muscle weakness, paralysis, and death within 5 years of diagnosis. About 10% of cases are inherited, of which 20% are due to mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. Riluzole, the only US Food and Drug Administration–approved ALS drug, prolongs survival by only a few months. Experiments in transgenic ALS mouse models have shown decreasing levels of mutant SOD1 protein as a potential therapeutic approach. We sought to develop an efficient adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐mediated RNAi gene therapy for ALS.MethodsA single‐stranded AAV9 vector encoding an artificial microRNA against human SOD1 was injected into the cerebral lateral ventricles of neonatal SOD1G93A mice, and impact on disease progression and survival was assessed.ResultsThis therapy extended median survival by 50% and delayed hindlimb paralysis, with animals remaining ambulatory until the humane endpoint, which was due to rapid body weight loss. AAV9‐treated SOD1G93A mice showed reduction of mutant human SOD1 mRNA levels in upper and lower motor neurons and significant improvements in multiple parameters including the numbers of spinal motor neurons, diameter of ventral root axons, and extent of neuroinflammation in the SOD1G93A spinal cord. Mice also showed previously unexplored changes in pulmonary function, with AAV9‐treated SOD1G93A mice displaying a phenotype reminiscent of patient pathophysiology.InterpretationThese studies clearly demonstrate that an AAV9‐delivered SOD1‐specific artificial microRNA is an effective and translatable therapeutic approach for ALS. Ann Neurol 2016;79:687–700
Dynamic Imaging of Individual Remyelination Profiles in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bodini Benedetta , Veronese Mattia , García‐Lorenzo Daniel , Battaglini Marco , Poirion Emilie , Chardain Audrey , Freeman Léorah , Louapre Céline , Tchikviladze Maya , Papeix Caroline , Dollé Frédéric , Zalc Bernard , Lubetzki Catherine , Bottlaender Michel , Turkheimer Federico , Stankoff Bruno 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundQuantitative in vivo imaging of myelin loss and repair in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is essential to understand the pathogenesis of the disease and to evaluate promyelinating therapies. Selectively binding myelin in the central nervous system white matter, Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]PiB) can be used as a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer to explore myelin dynamics in MS.MethodsPatients with active relapsing‐remitting MS (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 8) were included in a longitudinal trial combining PET with [11C]PiB and magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel‐wise maps of [11C]PiB distribution volume ratio, reflecting myelin content, were derived. Three dynamic indices were calculated for each patient: the global index of myelin content change; the index of demyelination; and the index of remyelination.ResultsAt baseline, there was a progressive reduction in [11C]PiB binding from the normal‐appearing white matter to MS lesions, reflecting a decline in myelin content. White matter lesions were characterized by a centripetal decrease in the tracer binding at the voxel level. During follow‐up, high between‐patient variability was found for all indices of myelin content change. Dynamic remyelination was inversely correlated with clinical disability (p = 0.006 and beta‐coefficient = –0.67 with the Expanded Disability Status Scale; p = 0.003 and beta‐coefficient = –0.68 with the MS Severity Scale), whereas no significant clinical correlation was found for the demyelination index.Interpretation[11C]PiB PET allows quantification of myelin dynamics in MS and enables stratification of patients depending on their individual remyelination potential, which significantly correlates with clinical disability. This technique should be considered to assess novel promyelinating drugs. Ann Neurol 2016;79:726–738
A Phytic Acid Induced Super‐Amphiphilic Multifunctional 3D Graphene‐Based Foam
Authors: Song Xinhong , Chen Yiying , Rong Mingcong , Xie Zhaoxiong , Zhao Tingting , Wang Yiru , Chen Xi , Wolfbeis Otto S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSurfaces with super‐amphiphilicity have attracted tremendous interest for fundamental and applied research owing to their special affinity to both oil and water. It is generally believed that 3D graphenes are monoliths with strongly hydrophobic surfaces. Herein, we demonstrate the preparation of a 3D super‐amphiphilic (that is, highly hydrophilic and oleophilic) graphene‐based assembly in a single‐step using phytic acid acting as both a gelator and as a dopant. The product shows both hydrophilic and oleophilic intelligence, and this overcomes the drawbacks of presently known hydrophobic 3D graphene assemblies. It can absorb water and oils alike. The utility of the new material was demonstrated by designing a heterogeneous catalytic system through incorporation of a zeolite into its amphiphilic 3D scaffold. The resulting bulk network was shown to enable efficient epoxidation of alkenes without prior addition of a co‐solvent or stirring. This catalyst also can be recovered and re‐used, thereby providing a clean catalytic process with simplified work‐up.