bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European Banking Recovery and Resolution Directive: Potential Impacts on European Systemic Important Financial Institutions
Authors: Akinsoyinu Clements 
Published: March 2016

<p><em>The great recession heralded in by the subprime mortgage crisis, took a dramatic turn for worse as a result of collapse of the Lehman Brothers bank in September 2008. The crisis deemed to be the most devastating after the Great Depression of 1929, had a debilitating effect on world economies, developing and advanced alike. The extent of its devastation which is still being felt in Europe and many parts of the globe reminds us the interconnectedness of financial institutions, particularly those tagged TBTF or SIFIs. Policy makers scrambled to curtail the ugly effect of the crisis by rescuing the SIFIs within their jurisdiction largely through bailout mechanism and provision of implicit guarantee for the debts of failing/failed institutions. As soon as the tide is stemmed, they cast their gaze on new crisis resolution and recovery measures that could rein in systemic risks associated with SIFIs, prevent future crises and reduce the concomitant moral hazards in the current resolution measures. The objective of this paper is to assess ex ante the potential impacts of implementing the new Banking recovery and resolution directives on Europe’s TBTF banks.</em></p>
Efficacy of Policy Response to the Financial and Economic Crisis: A Case Study of the United Kingdom
Authors: Salaam Kazeem 
Published: March 2016

<p><em>This piece of work seeks to perform detailed review and analysis of those factors that precipitated global financial and economic crises in 2008 with a focus on the United Kingdom economy. Impacts of the crises from both micro and macro economy perspectives are also analysed in conjunction with the sudden change in government policies from less rigid fiscal prudence, price stability, unsupportive employment policies as well as weak financial services supervision to unconventional stiff fiscal and monetary policies as well as hard core financial regulations with a primary aim to cleaning up the economic and the financial mess that characterised the meltdown. To finalise this work, it is concluded that efficiency of policy actions to address the economic menace to a large extent, helped British Economy to get out of the crisis despite that all the measures adopted were not considered to be perfect in its entirety. Other potential areas of study are also identified. </em></p>
The Influence of Oil Prices on Islamic Banking Efficiency Scores during the Financial Crisis: Evidence from the MENA Area
Authors: Said Ali 
Published: March 2016

<p><em>The present paper measured the influence of the oil prices on the Islamic banking efficiencies scores during the financial crisis of 2008-2009. The study showed that there is no a direct relationship between the oil prices and the efficiencies scores of Islamic banks in the MENA area. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that Islamic banks in the GCC area showed a higher mean in pure technical efficiency compared to Islamic banks in the North African and other MENA. Islamic banks in other MENA countries and North Africa considered to be technically inefficient. The inefficiencies were due to the underdeveloped banking system and the lack of experiences in those countries to allocate resources between the bank inputs and outputs. </em></p>
The study and prioritization of job satisfaction dimensions in Zanjan-based Refah Bank employees
Authors: Heidary Akbar , Kozechian Hashem , Rashidi Siavash 
Published: March 2016

Theories associated with job satisfaction are based on the principle that all environmental elements could shape entire career satisfaction. In literature, major studies illustrate that positive and negative emotions are largely associated with job satisfaction. Job satisfaction source is not only job position but also other factors such as the physical and social work environment, relationships with supervisors and colleagues, group culture and management style of the managers. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate and prioritize the five dimensions of job satisfaction in Zanjan Refah Bank employees: (i) the nature of the job (ii) supervisor, (iii) peer, (iv) promotion and (v) payment. In this study a field research was applied with a survey study. To testify the hypothesis, the Pearson parametric and Friedman test was conducted. The major findings of this study are (i) there is a negative correlation exists between level of education and nature of the job (ii) job promotion and payment, (iii) there is not any significant differences in job satisfaction between men and women.
Operational Efficiency Dynamics of the Nigerian Stock Market (1986-2010)
Authors: Udoka Christopher Obot , Anyingang Roland 
Published: March 2016

The study investigated the operational efficiency of the Nigerian stock market between 1986-2010. This was necessary given the degree of thinness of the market. The objectives of the study were: to investigate the extent to which the operations of the market have contributed to the growth of the Nigerian economy and also to determine the functionality of the market. To achieve these objectives data were gathered on some capital market indicators from the stock exchange factbook of various years on market capitalization (MCAP), all share index (ASI) volume of transaction (VOLT) value of transaction (VALT) and number of listed companies (NLC) on the stock exchange. The data were tabulated, analyzed and tested using the ordinary least square statistical technique. Findings resulting from the test of data showed that NLC, VOLT, VALT, ASI and MCAP were positive and that increase in any of the above parameters would in turn cause an increase in the growth of the Nigerian economy at five and ten percent levels of significance. It further showed that the market was operationally weak form efficient. It was therefore recommended that government should continue to provide better macro-economic environment for the private sector to lead the economy on the part of sustainable growth and development.
The Determinants of Bank Profitability
Authors: Nessibi Olfa 
Published: March 2016

Using bank level data this paper examines how bank’s specific characteristics and macroeconomic indicators affect the profitability in the Tunisian banking industry over the period 1990–2008. The results indicate that the more profitable banks are those higher amount of capital and lower operating costs. Furthermore, it appears that private banks tend to perform better than state owned ones. Despite the great importance given to the board of directors, it doesn't have a dominant role in the Tunisian commercial banks. Finally, turning to macroeconomic conditions and its impact on banks’ profitability, we find that the real interest rate has a positive effect on bank profitability.
ТЮРКІЗМИ В ТОПОНІМІЇ УКРАЇНИ: ІСТОРИКО-ЕТИМОЛОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Лучик Василь B. 
Published: March 2016

Багатовікові контакти тюркських племен і народів з корінним населенням України широко відбилися в її топонімії, у якій тюркізми становлять одну з найчисельніших груп з-поміж іншомовних географічних назв. Вони закріплювалися в місцевому мовленні протягом трьох основних періодів: 1) київськоруського (давньоукраїнського) — ІХ-ХІІІ ст. (ур. і р. Єрєль < тюрк. аірілі/аірылы «розділений», калька д.рус. Оуголъ < уголъ «кут; клин землі між річками, що сходяться»); 2) староукраїнського — ХІV-ХVІІІ ст. (терит. Буджак < тур. budžak «вугол»); 3) новоукраїнського (сучасного) — ХІХ-ХХІ ст. (м. Джанкой < тур. джан «новий» і кой «село, поселення»). Етимологія тюркських топонімів відбиває: внутрішні властивості географічних об’єктів (р. Аджигόль < аджи «киснути, бродити» і гол/голь «озеро, водойма»); відношення об’єктів номінації rо інших (переважно суміжних) реалій навколишньої місцевості (м. Кіліr < кіл «різновид вибільних глин» + суф. -лі/-лій у релятивній функції); відношення об’єктів до людини (м. Ізмаḯл < чол. ім’я Ismail як колишній атрибутив в ізафетній конструкції). Похідні кожного з цих принципів номінації можуть виражати конотативне значення, пов’язане з культурно-історичними цінностями або сакральними уявленнями (р. Бéшка < тюрк. bes/beš «п’ять», сакральне значення «богом дана множинність» і kaja «скеля»), які могли проникати і в контактне українське мовлення (пор. назву м. П’ятихáтки, що виникла під тюркським культурологічним впливом). В останній (сучасний) період тюркський вплив на географічні назви зберігався головним чином у слов’янізованому Криму, де з’являлися топоніми здебільшого кримськотатарського походження, але в радянські часи на півострові, як і в усій Україні, більшість іншомовних назв (переважно ойконіми та урбаноніми), у тому числі і тюркських, була вольовим способом замінена.
Net Interest Rates: History and Measurement
Authors: Foster Edward 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Johnson and Gelles (1996) observed that starting in about 1980 the interest rates on U.S. Treasury securities rose sharply, and argued that because of the increase, forensic economists should not use low interest rates based on earlier experience for calculation of present values. Interest rates did indeed rise sharply. But by 1996 interest rates were already falling; rates have continued to fall so that the status quo ante has been essentially restored.
This bit of forensic economic history would be of little interest except that Johnson and Gelles are still cited to help justify net interest rates more appropriate to the 1980s than to 2015. This note updates their work, using their same sources and method; it is intended in part to show that the high interest rates described in their paper are not now relevant.
The note continues, to discuss how to measure net interest rates. There are two issues: (1) The net rate for an n-year note should use the n-year rate of wage increase; alternatively it should compare the 1-year rate of return on the n-year note (with capital gains from resale) with the 1-year rate of wage increase. (2) Interest rates are measured daily, and wages monthly. Does the use of annual averages change the results? Answer: the overall picture given by alternative definitions is not very sensitive to the definition of the net interest rate, except that when 3- or 10-year notes are held for just one year and re-sold to give a total annual return that includes interest and capital gains or losses, volatility of returns is considerably higher than when the securities are held to maturity; the result suggests that the return on Treasury notes for one year with resale is not appropriate for discounting earnings losses to present value.
Autoritarismo y conciencia de muerte en estudiantes universitarios españoles
Authors: Moral-Jiménez María De la Villa , Suárez-Juesas Carlos 
Published: March 2016

El objetivo del presente estudio fue relacionar el autoritarismo y la conciencia de muerte, postulándose que los sujetos con un mayor grado de autoritarismo presentarían más miedo ante la muerte propia y ajena. Mediante un muestreo bietápico de conveniencia con submuestreo aleatorio intragrupo se seleccionaron 202 estudiantes universitarios españoles con edades entre los 18 y los 25 años (M = 20,50; DT = 2,57). Los resultados aportan evidencias empíricas acerca de las diferencias significativas en función del género en el factor Antiintraceptividad de la Escala F, con tasas más elevadas manifestadas en el género masculino y diferencias atribuibles a la edad (factor Poder y fortaleza en la Escala F y Convencionalismo y Sumisión autoritaria en la Escala Autoritarismo de Derechas [RWA, por su sigla en inglés] en los jóvenes de mayor edad respecto del nivel más bajo). En ambas escalas se ha confirmado la existencia de diferencias significativas tanto en función de la clase social como de la orientación política. También se han hallado evidencias empíricas que confirman que las personas autoritarias presentan mayor miedo a la muerte propia y ajena y son más conscientes del proceso de morir. Se discute acerca de las implicaciones de tales hallazgos y se plantean futuras líneas de investigación en la temática.
El edificio urbano como gesto cívico
Authors: Gutiérrez Mozo María Elia 
Published: March 2016

La relación dialéctica entre la casa y la ciudad es el tema de este breve discurso, partiendo del modelo clásico, que Alberti formula y describe, y pasando a través de los sucesivos modelos, romántico burgués, moderno y posmoderno, para llegar a definir el sentido, en el entorno actual, de la casa entre medianeras que la limitan jurídica y físicamente. La posibilidad de observar el canon moderno, sin renunciar a una convincente inserción del modelo en la ciudad de ascendencia burguesa, se argumenta por medio de dos ejemplos tomados del mismo arquitecto, Francisco Candel Jiménez, en el ensanche de una ciudad de provincias, Albacete, tratando de demostrar que se puede ser rigurosamente moderno en el lenguaje y, a la vez, obediente a los límites urbanos establecidos. En el primer caso, un edificio de tres plantas para vivienda y estudio de arquitectura en entreplanta, la modestia del entorno no impide que el edificio inscrito en él sea a la vez altamente singular sin sustraerse a las reglas del planeamiento oficial. En el segundo, edificio de viviendas en cinco alturas más ático, y “atendiendo a su carácter urbano y a la actualidad de soluciones técnicas y constructivas”, despliega una amplia ceremonia de cortesía, que, por medio de los recursos propios de una avanzada high-tech, juega con los ritmos de su doble límite, doméstico y urbano, y hace que su modernidad radical eleve la dignidad del vecindario urbano que lo acompaña, sin alzar la voz, pero transmitiendo una lección de arquitectura que hace ciudad
The dialectic relationship between home and city is the subject of this brief discourse, starting with the classical model, described and formulated by Alberti, and going through the successive models, bourgeois romantic, modern and postmodern, in order to define the meaning, in the current environment, of the house between party walls which delimit it both legally and physically. The possibility to observe the modern canon without forgoing a convincing insertion of the model in the bourgeois city is argued here based on two examples by the same architect: Francisco Candel Jiménez, in the expansion district of a provincial town, Albacete, in an attempt to demonstrate that it is possible to be rigorously modern in terms of language while complying with the established urban limits. In the first example, a thee-storey housing building with an architectural studio on the mezzanine floor, the modest environment does not prevent the building inscribed in it from being highly unique at the same time, without avoiding the rules of official urban planning. The second example, a five-storey housing building with an attic, and “according to its urban nature and the current constructive and technical solutions”, displays an ample courtesy ceremony that, through the use of advanced high-tech resources, tinkers with the rhythms of its double limit, domestic and urban, and makes its extreme modernity enhance the dignity of the neighborhood that hosts it, without rising its voice, but teaching a lesson on how architecture makes up a city.
Muebles de patio: sistema modular de mobiliario efímero
Authors: Ballesta Cito , Gómez Marta 
Published: March 2016

El proyecto es el resultado del concurso convocado por la feria editorial Libros Mutantes para su edición de 2015 en La Casa Encendida de Madrid, un evento cultural que reúne cada año a editoriales nacionales e internacionales y figuras relevantes de la escena editorial independiente. Este proyecto trata de dar respuesta a las premisas claves del programa: eficiencia del sistema, facilidad de montaje y desmontaje, sostenibilidad, reutilización de materiales, ideología do-it-yourself, y especialmente, coste reducido de materiales e instalación.
This temporary furniture project seeks to answer the fair needs with an efficient, rapid-assembly system, where standardization, repetition, and economy of means solve the functional and aesthetic requirement through the alternative implementation of already existent systems.
La crítica arquitectónica y la imagen del arquitecto
Authors: Gómez-Moriana Rafael 
Published: March 2016

La imagen importa más que nunca. En la sociedad en la que vivimos, nos guste o no, la forma cuenta más que el contenido. En arquitectura, esto puede tener varias interpretaciones: que la forma de un edificio mismo importe más que su función, pero también que la ‘representación’ de una obra en medios de comunicación importe más que su fisicalidad; porque siempre será visto por un público mucho más amplio a través de fotografías en medios de comunicación que visitado o palpado ‘in situ’. El medio es el mensaje, como dijo Marshall McLuhan al principio de los 60. Hoy en día este hecho es aún más evidente. Dicho ésto, está claro que también importa la obra física en la arquitectura, sobre todo para los usuarios, y los que están pagando por ella. Pero todos sabemos que la arquitectura, especialmente en casos de obra pública, siempre tiene una ‘utilidad’ adicional al programa de uso, y esa utilidad es crear imagen para alguien. Vivimos en una sociedad cada vez más mediatizada, y cada vez más competitiva, lo que hace que se compita cada vez más en el campo de los medios y las imágenes. Guste o no, es así.
What is architectural critique about: explaining or judging? What is its role in a democratic system, or in a global-scale star system? Why are critics usually so bad-tempered? This article attempts to answer common questions regarding architectural critique, and its relevance today (if it still has any relevance in the era of social media), comparing critique articles with other kinds of writings that build up the image of the architect, and with the architectural photograph that usually accompanies them.
La estructuración del espacio por la gravedad y la luz a lo largo de la historia
Authors: Linares de la Torre Óscar 
Published: March 2016

El objetivo del presente artículo es señalar la relación existente entre el desarrollo del conocimiento científico sobre la gravedad y la luz desde el ámbito de la física y las estrategias proyectuales destinadas a manipular ambos fenómenos con fines espaciales a lo largo de la historia. El análisis se articula en base a una interpretación del autor de la teoría de las concepciones espaciales de Sigfried Giedion, según la cual la historia de la arquitectura puede entenderse como una sucesión de distintas maneras de concebir el espacio.
This article aims to illustrate the relationship between the historical evolution of the scientific knowledge of gravity and light and the design strategies to manage both phenomena. The analysis is based on an interpretation of the theory of spatial conceptions developed by Sigfried Giedion, which explains the history of architecture as a succession of different ways of conceiving space.
Le Corbusier, todavía
Authors: Perich Capdeferro Ariadna , Such Sanmartín Roger 
Published: March 2016

Cincuenta años después de la muerte de Le Corbusier, se celebra en la ETSA Valencia el Congreso Internacional “LC2015: Le Corbusier, 50 years later”. Este encuentro certifica la capacidad de sugestión que hoy en día sigue despertando la figura de Le Corbusier entre investigadores. Y aunque entre el entorno académico empiezan a sentirse voces cada vez más críticas que afirman haber llegado a un cierto agotamiento del personaje, su presencia en el contexto arquitectónico sigue siendo abundante y actual, lo cual nos lleva a preguntar sobre el porqué de su longevidad crítica.
Este artículo se presenta como una crónica del congreso, a medio camino entre la reseña crítica y la selección personal de extractos. El lector puede escoger el modo como recorrerla, ya sea de manera lineal, a través del texto comentado, o bien de forma intercalada, mediante la selección personal de citas que hemos escogido entre las más de 130 aportaciones de todo el congreso.
Fifty years after Le Corbusier's death, ETSA Valencia hosts the lnternational Congress "LC2015: Le Corbusier, 50 years later''. This event confirms the suggestive quality that Le Corbusier continues to evoke among researchers.
And while a growing criticism seems to be arising in the academic world claiming a certain weariness of the architect , his presence in the current architectural context is still abundant and relevant, which makes us bring into question the reason of his critical longevity.
This article is presented as a congress report, halfway between the critical review and the personal selection of abstracts. The reader may choose the way to go over it, either linearly following the text and its commentaries, or, alternately, through the personal selection of quotes that we have chosen among the more than 130 contributions made at the congress.
Chronic sinusitis in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Craig Timothy J , Yeager Michael J , Kakumanu Sujani 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a lethal genetic disorder whose victims currently have a median life span of approximately 30 years. With this increased life span, new aspects of the disease are identified in patients with cystic fibrosis, including chronic sinusitis. Sinusitis severely affects the quality of life of patients with sinusitis. This article discusses several aspects of sinusitis in patients with cystic fibrosis, including clinical presentation, radiologic findings, and treatment options. By recognizing and treating sinusitis in patients with cystic fibrosis, physicians may improve the quality of life of these patients.
Risk factors for maternal colonization with group B beta-hemolytic streptococci
Authors: Terry Richard R , Kelly Francis W , Gauzer Cheryl , Jeitler Melissa 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Colonization with group B beta-hemolytic streptococci (GBS) at any time during pregnancy is an important risk factor for neonatal sepsis. To determine which groups of pregnant women are at high risk for GBS, a retrospective chart review was conducted on 608 pregnant women who had recorded data on prenatal charts and were seen between October 1995 and December 1997 at a family practice-run prenatal clinic. A total of 543 subjects were studied after exclusion of women who had no results of GBS colonization recorded. Demographically, the study population comprised 91.1% white non-Hispanic, 4.8% African-American, 1.5%Asian, and 2.6% white Hispanic women; 28.9% were primiparas, 38.9% unmarried; 60.0% low income; 31.1 % smokers, 7.7% with a history of drug or alcohol use; 8.4% with a history of sexually transmitted disease; and 27.2% with fewer than 11 prenatal visits. The mean age was 26.4 years (range, 14 to 42 years). Seventy-six (14.0%) of the study subjects were colonized with GBS. White non-Hispanic women had a GBS colonization prevalence of 13.6%; for all others, prevalence was 18.7%. No statistically significant differences were found in regard to age, weight, number of prenatal visits, income level, marital status, history of drug use, or parity. The GBS colonization rate for smokers was 33.1 % versus 16.4% for nonsmokers (P=.012). Maternal colonization of GBS was not found to be associated with any of the risk factors studied, other than smoking. This study identified smoking as a possible risk factor for GBS infection. Routine screening for GBS infection during pregnancy may be beneficial because no strong risk factors for colonization exist.