bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabis plant derivative, against Candida albicans growth and biofilm formation
Authors: Bahraminia Maryam , Cui Shujun , Zhang Ze , Semlali Abdelhabib , Le Roux Étienne , Giroux Kelly-Anne , Lajoie Camille , Béland François , Rouabhia Mahmoud 
Published: October 2024

Fungal resistance to available antifungal molecules has emerged as a significant and continued threat. Several plants, including cannabis, have promising antimicrobial activities, potentially including those against C andida albicans. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activities of cannabidiol (CBD) against C. albicans. Yeast cells were treated once or twice with different concentrations (from 0 to 20 µg/mL) of CBD, showing a significant ( p < 0.05) decrease of the growth of C. albicans, with cell concentrations ranging from 5.1 × 106 cells/mL in the control to 1.8 × 106 cells/mL after one exposure to 20 µg/mL CBD. This growth reduction was greater after two exposures to CBD. After two exposures to 20 µg/mL CBD, the cell concentration was only 1.1 × 106 cells/mL. Such a growth decrease in C. albicans was confirmed by a reduced number of colony forming units and a lower MTT value compared to the control. The growth inhibition was supported by a significant ( p < 0.001) decrease in the yeast-to-hyphae transition, ranging from 20 ± 0.2% in the control to 2 ± 0.5% after exposure to 20 µg/mL CBD. Biofilm formation was also significantly reduced following CBD exposure. CBD at 10 and 20 µg/mL promoted the death of C. albicans through an apoptosis/necrotic pathway. Altogether, our results suggest the possible use of CBD, a cannabis derivative, to control C. albicans infection, including oral candidiasis. Highlights Cannabidiol (CBD) decreases the growth of C. albicans. CBD inhibits the yeast-to-hyphae transition. CBD reduces biofilm formation by C. albicans. CBD induces C. albicans death through necrosis.
Horizon fluxes of binary black holes in eccentric orbits
Authors: Datta Sayak 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe compute the rate of change of mass and angular momentum of a black hole, namely tidal heating, in an eccentric orbit. The change is caused due to the tidal field of the orbiting companion. We compute the result for both the spinning and non-spinning black holes in the leading order of the mean motion, namely $$\xi $$
ξ
. We demonstrate that the rates get enhanced significantly for nonzero eccentricity. Since eccentricity in a binary evolves with time we also express the results in terms of an initial eccentricity and azimuthal frequency $$\xi _{\phi }$$

ξ
ϕ

. In the process, we developed a prescription that can be used to compute all physical quantities in a series expansion of initial eccentricity, $$e_0$$

e
0

. These results are computed taking account of the spin of the binary components. The prescription can be used to compute very high-order corrections of initial eccentricity. We use it to find the contribution to eccentricity up to $${\mathcal {O}}(e_0^5)$$

O
(

e
0
5

)

in the spinning binary. Using the computed expression of eccentricity, we derived the rate of change of mass and angular momentum of a black hole, both rotating and non-rotating, in terms of initial eccentricity and azimuthal frequency up to $${\mathcal {O}}(e_0^6)$$

O
(

e
0
6

)

. With the computed fluxes we also compute for the first time the leading order dephasing in both cases analytically up to $${\mathcal {O}}(e_0^6)$$

O
(

e
0
6

)

and study its impact. We argue that for high signal-to-noise ratio sources, these contributions require inclusion in the waveform modeling.
Imprints of Barrow–Tsallis cosmology in primordial gravitational waves
Authors: Jizba P. , Lambiase G. , Luciano G. G. , Mastrototaro L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBoth the Barrow and Tsallis $$\delta $$
δ
entropies are one-parameter generalizations of the black-hole entropy, with the same microcanonical functional form. The ensuing deformation is quantified by a dimensionless parameter $$\Delta $$
Δ
, which in the case of Barrow entropy represents the anomalous dimension caused by quantum fluctuations over the horizon surface, while in Tsallis’ case, it describes the deviation of the holographic scaling from extensivity. Here, we utilize the gravity-thermodynamics conjecture with the Barrow–Tsallis entropy to investigate the implications of the related modified Friedmann equations on the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves. We show that, with the experimental sensitivity of the next generation of gravitational wave detectors, such as the Big Bang Observer, it will be possible to discriminate deviations from the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model up to $$\Delta \lesssim \mathcal {O}(10^{-3})$$

Δ
≲
O
(

10

-
3

)

. In this limit, Barrow–Tsallis entropy reduces to a logarithmic correction to holographic scaling, which is nearly universally predicted by both entanglement entropy calculations in the UV regime and by several candidate theories of quantum gravity. Hence, our considerations and results are expected to have general validity in the quantum gravity framework.
Generalized Fayet–Iliopoulos D-terms in supergravity and inflation driven by supersymmetry breaking
Authors: Antoniadis Ignatios , Chatrabhuti Auttakit , Isono Hiroshi 
Published: October 2024

This paper is dedicated to the memory of Lars Bink, a close friend of IA, one of the pioneers of supergravity and string theory and a physics promoter over the world and particularly in the developing countries. We review recent developments on generalized Fayet–Iliopoulos D-terms in four-dimensional supergravity and discuss their applications to natural models of inflation driven by supersymmetry breaking with the superpartner of the goldstino (sgoldstino) playing the role of the inflaton.
Antiquity, dark ages and renaissance of light-front higher spin theory
Authors: Bengtsson Anders K. H. 
Published: October 2024

These notes contain — apart from some physics — scattered reminiscences of everyday life at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Göteborg in the early eighties. The text has been in the making for many years. Some of it was written inspired by the Lars Brink 70-fest at The Solvay Institute in Brussels in 2014, but was never finished or published. Parts of the old text have now been replaced by a review of the quite unexpected recent renaissance for light-front higher spin theory. Lars sadly did not live to experience more than the very beginnings of this quite remarkable development.
Pneumatosis Intestinalis and Pneumoperitoneum After Lung Transplantation: Single‐Center Experience and Systematic Review
Authors: Kagawa Hiroshi , Furukawa Masashi , Chan Ernest G. , Morrell Matthew , Sanchez Pablo G. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) and pneumoperitoneum are some of the complications after lung transplantation (LT). But only limited reports are published. The purpose of this study is to review our experience and perform a systematic review to discuss the possible causes, risk factors, and management.Methods: We reviewed the characteristics, management, and outcome of the patients who developed PI or pneumoperitoneum after LT in our institution from 2013 to 2022. We also performed a systematic review to discuss the management and outcome.Results: PI and pneumoperitoneum were found in 15 out of 729 patients (2.06%) in our institution. We also found 50 patients in the systematic review. Tracheostomy was performed in 40% and gastrointestinal procedures were performed in 55.6%. Laparotomy was performed in 23.4%. A total of 44.6% of patients had benign physical exams or no symptoms. Rejection was seen in 42.9%. A total of 28.6% of patients died during follow‐up periods.Conclusions: This report has the largest number of patients so far with PI and pneumoperitoneum after LT. These conditions have a high rejection and high mortality rate. Mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, gastrointestinal procedure, CMV infection, Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection, and immunosuppression can be the risk factors, and the management includes laparotomy or conservative management. It is generally recommended to proceed with laparotomy if patients have portal venous gas, elevated white blood cell count, elevated lactic acid level, decreased bicarbonate level, elevated amylase level, metabolic acidosis, abdominal tenderness, or abdominal distension. Otherwise, most of the patients recover with conservative management with nil per os (NPO), metronidazole, ganciclovir, antibiotics, high‐flow oxygen, and holding mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).
Nanoparticle-Directed Antioxidant Therapy Can Ameliorate Disease Progression in a Novel, Diet-Inducible Model of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Su Shi , Chen Zhifen , Ke Qingen , Kocher Olivier , Krieger Monty , Kang Peter M. 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. In cardiovascular research using murine models, the generation and maintenance of models with robust coronary arterial atherosclerosis has been challenging.

METHODS:

We characterized a new mouse model in which the last 3 amino acids of the carboxyl terminus of the HDL (high-density lipoprotein) receptor (SR-B1 [scavenger receptor, class B, type 1]) were deleted in a low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR
−/−
) mouse model (SR-B1ΔCT/LDLR
−/−
) fed an atherogenic diet. We also tested the therapeutic effects of an oxidative stress-targeted nanoparticle in atherogenic diet–fed SR-B1ΔCT/LDLR
−/−
mice.

RESULTS:

The SR-B1ΔCT/LDLR
−/−
mice fed an atherogenic diet had occlusive coronary artery atherosclerosis, impaired cardiac function, and a dramatically lower survival rate, compared with LDLR
−/−
mice fed the same diet. As SR-B1ΔCT/LDLR
−/−
mice do not exhibit female infertility or low pup yield, they are far easier and less costly to use than the previously described SR-B1–based models of coronary artery disease. We found that treatment with the targeted nanoparticles improved the cardiac functions and corrected hematologic abnormalities caused by the atherogenic diet in SR-B1ΔCT/LDLR
−/−
mice but did not alter the distinctive plasma lipid levels.

CONCLUSIONS:

The SR-B1ΔCT/LDLR
−/−
mice developed diet-inducible, fatal atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, which could be ameliorated by targeted nanoparticle therapy. Our study provides new tools for the development of cardiovascular therapies.
Impact of Heart Transplant Allocation Change on Waitlist Mortality and Posttransplant Mortality in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Tibrewala Anjan , Chuzi Sarah , Wu Tingqing , Baldridge Abigail S. , Harap Rebecca , Bryner Benjamin , Pham Duc Thinh , Wilcox Jane E. 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
In October 2018, the US heart transplant (HT) allocation system was revised giving patients with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) intermediate priority status. Few studies have examined the impact of this policy change on outcomes among patients with LVAD. We sought to determine how the allocation change impacted waitlist and posttransplant mortality in patients with LVAD.

METHODS:
We retrospectively assessed the United Network for Organ Sharing registry for patients with LVAD who were listed for or underwent HT between October 2016 and October 2021. We evaluated waitlist mortality using competing risks analysis and a multivariable Fine-Gray model, and posttransplant mortality using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and a multivariate proportional hazards model.

RESULTS:

We analyzed data from 3835 patients with LVAD listed for HT and 3486 patients with LVAD who underwent HT during the study period. Listing for HT preallocation change was significantly associated with an increased risk of waitlist mortality (Gray
P
=0.0058) compared with postallocation change. After adjustment for covariates, mortality differences by listing era were attenuated, but LVAD brand was significantly associated with waitlist mortality (HM3 versus HMII; hazard ratio, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.21–0.69];
P
=0.002; HVAD versus HMII; hazard ratio, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.48–1.30];
P
=0.36; overall
P
=0.004).

In contrast, HT postallocation change was associated with increased posttransplant mortality (log-rank
P
=0.0172) compared with preallocation change. In a multivariable analysis, the association with posttransplant mortality between transplant eras was attenuated, but ischemic time (hazard ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.07–1.26];
P
<0.001) and status at time of HT (Status 1–3 versus 4; hazard ratio, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.04–1.61];
P
=0.02) were significantly associated with posttransplant mortality.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among patients with LVAD, lower waitlist mortality postallocation change was likely driven by improved LVAD technology. Higher posttransplant mortality following the allocation change was largely attributable to longer ischemic times and patient acuity.
Sound and vibration control crocodile hatching
Authors: Delbosc Naïs Caron , Boyer Nicolas , Mathevon Nicolas , Grimault Nicolas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The birth of a baby or the hatching of an egg are moments when the risk of predation is particularly high. In oviparous species where clutches contain many eggs, one strategy for limiting predation is based on mechanisms that synchronise hatching, which reduces the individual risk of being targeted and may allow hatchlings to emerge under parental protection. These mechanisms involve communication signals between eggs and between eggs and parents. While previous studies in various species have shown the importance of sound and vibration signals in these exchanges, how embryos integrate this information remains poorly understood. Here we show that crocodile embryos respond differently to calls emitted by siblings (hatching calls) and to vibrations mimicking parental intervention (rubbing and scratching the shell) or the presence of a predator, suggesting that these two stimuli carry different information. Through playback experiments, we confirm that hatching calls elicit vocal responses and synchronous hatching in mature embryos, while embryos hatch earlier when they perceive vibrations. Our study underlines that the control of hatching by external factors can rely on differential apprehension of multiple sensory inputs by embryos.
Challenges of Transnational Education in the Global South
Authors: Mason Robert 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
About ten per cent of Egyptian students are registered in 27 private universities and four private community universities in Egypt, amounting to 300,000 students studying in 169 faculties. Based on resident field experiences and drawing on communications with senior university managers in two private universities spanning six years, this research argues that a number of challenges persist in the implementation of transnational education in Egypt. Through the prisms of rational choice theory and institutional theory, it is found that underfunding, political interference (including ‘pedagogical balancing’) and negative norms set by university owners, managers and students alike, compounded by macro-economic instability, have had a major impact on the student experience and wider society. The findings are to various degrees applicable to other states in the Middle East, Africa and the wider Global South, as well as primary foreign stakeholders, such as the United Kingdom in this case.
A Critique of State and Law in Hans Kelsen’s Thought from Herman Dooyeweerd’s Philosophy
Authors: Paz Anderson Barbosa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze the theoretical commitments and the legal-political problems of Hans Kelsen’s thought from the perspective of Herman Dooyeweerd’s philosophy. It seeks to answer the following question: Why was the relationship between state and law in Kelsen’s thought unable to protect civil society and individuals from the power of the state? The argument, based on Herman Dooyeweerd’s philosophy, is that Kelsen was trapped in an insurmountable theoretical dialectic or tension between nature and freedom. In pursuit of methodological purity, Kelsen reduced the state and law to the logical aspect and morality to the historical aspect. Analyzing Kelsen’s thought from the point of view of Dooyeweerd’s transcendental critique, this paper demonstrates that Kelsen’s commitments with respect to reality led him to a reductionist theory that rendered society defenseless against the power of the state.
Changes in Clouds and the Tropical Circulation in Global Kilometer-Scale Simulations under Different Warming Patterns
Authors: Tomassini Lorenzo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
One-year-long global kilometer-scale simulations with prescribed sea surface temperatures are presented that are used to study how clouds, convection, and the tropical circulation change under two different warming patterns. The warming patterns, one of which exhibits La Niña–like characteristics and the other an El Niño–like feature, are added to the historical year 2020 and derived from past observed sea surface temperatures. They contain both signatures of natural variability and climate change. Climate sensitivities distinctly differ depending on the warming pattern, mainly due to diverse changes in low clouds over the eastern tropical Pacific. These changes are connected with alterations in larger-scale circulations. Processes related to the interaction between clouds, convection, and circulation are further examined with a focus on the tropical Pacific. Better understanding those processes helps elucidate apparent discrepancies between recent observed trends over the tropical Pacific and trends simulated by low-resolution global climate models. Evidence suggests an active role of moisture dynamics in shaping low-level moist static energy anomalies over the western tropical Pacific and a positive feedback of resulting moist convection on larger-scale zonal circulations, including over the eastern Pacific subsidence region. Complementary to the global kilometer-scale simulations, the same experiments are conducted with a lower-resolution model version in which convection is parameterized. Even though climate sensitivities and the broad responses are not strongly changed, the differences in the convection-permitting experiments might still be consequential in global coupled climate simulations.
Study on the Mechanism of Phellinus linteus Extract Slowing Down Breast Cancer by Regulating Cdc42/N-WASP Signaling Pathway
Authors: Sun Qishan , Zhan Xiaodong , Jiang Feng 
Published: October 2024

Background Cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42)/neuronal Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome Protein (N-WASP) is involved in a variety of tumors; however, its regulatory mechanism in breast cancer is unclear. Objectives We aimed to explore the expression and role of Phellinus linteus extract in breast cancer and its possible molecular mechanism. Materials and Methods Cdc42/N-WASP level was measured in breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues to explore the relationship between Cdc42/N-WASP expression and clinical relevance. P. linteus extract’s role in downstream signals in breast cancer was studied through immunofluorescence assays. At the same time, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Transwell assays were used to detect the biological behaviors of cells after transfection. Results P. linteus extract can significantly reduce the biological behaviors of breast cancer cells, mainly by inhibiting cell proliferation and migration. P. linteus extract further inhibited breast cancer cell biological behaviors by inhibiting downstream Cdc42/N-WASP signaling. Moreover, Cdc42/N-WASP negatively regulated cell invasion and inhibited the degradation of extracellular matrix in breast cancer cells by regulating cortactin (CTTN). Conclusion Our results showed that P. linteus extract targets Cdc42/N-WASP and inhibits invasion and formation in breast cancer by regulating CTTN.
Central Auditory Processing Abilities in Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate: An Electrophysiological Study
Authors: Kujur Deepshikha , Jain Chandni 
Published: October 2024

Background The present study compared the central auditory processing abilities using electrophysiological tests in children with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) and their age-matched control group. Method Thirty children aged 7 to 15 years were recruited for the study. Participants were divided into 2 groups. The clinical group (children with NSCLP) comprised 15 children, while the control group (craniofacially typical peers) comprised 15 children with normal hearing sensitivity and auditory processing skills. Electrophysiological tests, including auditory brainstem responses (ABR), binaural interaction component (BIC) of ABR, auditory late latency responses (ALLR), and P300 were assessed. Results The results showed deviant responses in ABR, BIC, and ALLR in children with NSCLP compared to craniofacially typical counterparts. However, no significant difference was observed in P300 between the two groups. Conclusion Children with NSCLP may be at a higher risk of central auditory processing disorder due to their abnormal neural transmission in the auditory nervous system. Also, assessing auditory processing abilities in children with NSCLP should include electrophysiological tests in the test battery for additional information regarding neural transmission.
Association between controlling nutritional status score and diabetic retinopathy: Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Ruan Yimeng , Zhang Ping , Jia Xinru , Hua Shanshan , Yao Dongwei 
Published: October 2024

Objective This study aimed to examine the association between controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk, as well as investigate the impact of CONUT score on mortality risk among DR patients. Methods This retrospective study included 5,256 patients with diabetes from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. These participants were classified into two groups: the DR group ( n = 641) and the non-DR group ( n = 4,615). We used weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to assess the correlation of CONUT score and DR risk. Weighted univariate and multivariate Cox models were adopted to explore the association of CONUT score with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality in patients with DR. Results 305 patients diagnosed with DR had died by the end of the follow-up period, among whom 111 individuals died due to CVD. After adjusting all potential confounding factors, there was an association between CONUT score and DR development in patients with diabetes [odd ratio (OR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–1.33]. Additionally, CONUT score was found to be associated with all-cause mortality of patients with DR [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.01–1.22, P= 0.041]. However, there was no significant difference in the CONUT score and CVD-related mortality of patients with DR. Conclusions CONUT score may be a valuable tool for assessing the risk of developing DR, and predicting prognosis in patients with DR. However, as this was a cross-sectional study, we cannot infer the causality of CONUT score and DR risk.