bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amyloid β synaptotoxicity is Wnt‐PCP dependent and blocked by fasudil
Authors: Sellers Katherine J. , Elliott Christina , Jackson Joshua , Ghosh Anshua , Ribe Elena , Rojo Ana I. , Jarosz‐Griffiths Heledd H. , Watson Iain A. , Xia Weiming , Semenov Mikhail , Morin Peter , Hooper Nigel M. , Porter Rod , Preston Jane , Al‐Shawi Raya , Baillie George , Lovestone Simon , Cuadrado Antonio , Harte Michael , Simons Paul , Srivastava Deepak P. , Killick Richard 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionSynapse loss is the structural correlate of the cognitive decline indicative of dementia. In the brains of Alzheimer's disease sufferers, amyloid β (Aβ) peptides aggregate to form senile plaques but as soluble peptides are toxic to synapses. We previously demonstrated that Aβ induces Dickkopf‐1 (Dkk1), which in turn activates the Wnt–planar cell polarity (Wnt‐PCP) pathway to drive tau pathology and neuronal death.MethodsWe compared the effects of Aβ and of Dkk1 on synapse morphology and memory impairment while inhibiting or silencing key elements of the Wnt‐PCP pathway.ResultsWe demonstrate that Aβ synaptotoxicity is also Dkk1 and Wnt‐PCP dependent, mediated by the arm of Wnt‐PCP regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics via Daam1, RhoA and ROCK, and can be blocked by the drug fasudil.DiscussionOur data add to the importance of aberrant Wnt signaling in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology and indicate that fasudil could be repurposed as a treatment for the disease.
Traumatic exposures, posttraumatic stress disorder, and cognitive functioning in World Trade Center responders
Authors: Clouston Sean A.P. , Pietrzak Robert H. , Kotov Roman , Richards Marcus , Spiro Avron , Scott Stacey B. , Deri Yael , Mukherjee Soumyadeep , Stewart Candace , Bromet Evelyn J. , Luft Benjamin J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionThis study examined whether World Trade Center (WTC)‐related exposures and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were associated with cognitive function and whether WTC responders' cognition differed from normative data.MethodsA computer‐assisted neuropsychological battery was administered to a prospective cohort study of 1193 WTC responders with no history of stroke or WTC‐related head injuries. Data were linked to information collected prospectively since 2002. Sample averages were compared to published norms.ResultsApproximately 14.8% of sampled responders had cognitive dysfunction. WTC responders had worse cognitive function compared to normative data. PTSD symptom severity and working >5 weeks on‐site was associated with cognitive dysfunction.DiscussionResults from this sample highlight the potential for WTC responders to be experiencing an increased burden of cognitive dysfunction and linked lowered cognitive functioning to physical exposures and to PTSD. Future research is warranted to understand the extent to which cognitive dysfunction is evident in neural dysfunction.
BIBLE TRANSLATION AND THE FORMATION OF CORPORATE IDENTITY IN UGANDA AND CONGO 1900–40
Authors: WILD-WOOD EMMA 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEngaging debates around ethnic nationhood and knowledge production, this article examines the influence of Bible translation on corporate identity formation in Toro and Ituri (1900–40). It studies translations instigated by one individual to investigate textual agency wherever it leads. The translator Apolo Kivebulaya promoted adherence to Christianity as an inclusive and linguistically-plural global community. His translation for the Mbuti, which had limited circulation among its intended audience, shows an aspect of this global community at work, remaking the international image of the Mbuti. His earlier Runyoro-Rutoro translation, however, encouraged a local and political form of corporate identity in which translation and Old Testament stories helped to form an ethnic moral economy. In focusing upon Bible translation among the Toro and the Mbuti, the article moves from the politically influential Ganda, the focus of much historiography of Christianity in East Africa, and explains the roots of later revivalism and patriotism.
BRINGING HISTORY BACK IN: PAST, PRESENT, AND CONFLICT IN RWANDA AND THE EASTERN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
Authors: MATHYS GILLIAN 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article argues that on the borderland between eastern DRC and Rwanda, the past and its representations have been constantly manipulated. The cataclysmic events in both Rwanda and Congo since the 1990s have widened the gap between partial and politicized historical discourse and careful historical analysis. The failure to pay attention to the multiple layers in the production of historical narratives risks reproducing a politicized social present that ‘naturalizes’ differences and antagonisms between different groups by giving them more time-depth. This is a danger both for insiders and outsiders looking in. The answer is to focus on the historical trajectories that shape historical narratives, and to ‘bring history back in’.
Effects of entrenchment and preemption in second language learners’ acceptance of English denominal verbs
Authors: ZHANG XIAOPENG , MAI CHUNPING 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTEntrenchment and preemption are theorized to constrain the novel use of well-attested constructions. This study tested the effects of these two mechanisms in second language (L2) learners’ acceptance of English denominal verbs (DVs). Two groups of Chinese English-L2 speakers (fourth-year English major students and teachers of English) judged the acceptability of English locatum (e.g.,Lucywateredthe rose) and location (e.g.,Lisaboxedthe apples) DVs. Results based on both corpus and introspective frequencies show that the fourth-year learners’ judgments on the acceptability of all DVs were significantly negatively influenced by the frequency of nominal forms of the DVs, suggesting that entrenchment constrains L2 learners from accepting English DVs. Results based on introspective frequency demonstrate that the teachers’ judgments on the acceptability of all DVs were significantly negatively affected by the frequency of alternative verbs, demonstrating that preemption has a role to play in restricting L2 learners’ acceptance of English DVs. Moreover, the obtained DV frequency based on both corpus and learners’ introspection is a significant factor that helps all the participants’ acceptance of the English DVs, suggesting that the more frequently a DV is used, the more likely L2 learners are to judge it as acceptable.
Efficient protein production by yeast requires global tuning of metabolism
Authors: Huang Mingtao , Bao Jichen , Hallström Björn M. , Petranovic Dina , Nielsen Jens 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe biotech industry relies on cell factories for production of pharmaceutical proteins, of which several are among the top-selling medicines. There is, therefore, considerable interest in improving the efficiency of protein production by cell factories. Protein secretion involves numerous intracellular processes with many underlying mechanisms still remaining unclear. Here, we use RNA-seq to study the genome-wide transcriptional response to protein secretion in mutant yeast strains. We find that many cellular processes have to be attuned to support efficient protein secretion. In particular, altered energy metabolism resulting in reduced respiration and increased fermentation, as well as balancing of amino-acid biosynthesis and reduced thiamine biosynthesis seem to be particularly important. We confirm our findings by inverse engineering and physiological characterization and show that by tuning metabolism cells are able to efficiently secrete recombinant proteins. Our findings provide increased understanding of which cellular regulations and pathways are associated with efficient protein secretion.
Chloropicophyceae, a new class of picophytoplanktonic prasinophytes
Authors: Lopes dos Santos Adriana , Pollina Thibaut , Gourvil Priscillia , Corre Erwan , Marie Dominique , Garrido José Luis , Rodríguez Francisco , Noël Mary-Hélène , Vaulot Daniel , Eikrem Wenche 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPrasinophytes are a paraphyletic group of nine lineages of green microalgae that are currently classified either at the class or order level or as clades without formal taxonomic description. Prasinophyte clade VII comprises picoplanktonic algae that are important components of marine phytoplankton communities, particularly in moderately oligotrophic waters. Despite first being cultured in the 1960s, this clade has yet to be formally described. Previous phylogenetic analyses using the 18S rRNA gene divided prasinophyte clade VII into three lineages, termed A, B and C, the latter formed by a single species, Picocystis salinarum, that to date has only been found in saline lakes. Strains from lineages A and B cannot be distinguished by light microscopy and have very similar photosynthetic pigment profiles corresponding to the prasino-2A pigment group. We obtained phenotypic and genetic data on a large set of prasinophyte clade VII culture strains that allowed us to clarify the taxonomy of this important marine group. We describe two novel classes, the Picocystophyceae and the Chloropicophyceae, the latter containing two novel genera, Chloropicon and Chloroparvula, and eight new species of marine picoplanktonic green algae.
An ApiAP2 member regulates expression of clonally variant genes of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Martins Rafael M. , Macpherson Cameron R. , Claes Aurélie , Scheidig-Benatar Christine , Sakamoto Hiroshi , Yam Xue Yan , Preiser Peter , Goel Suchi , Wahlgren Mats , Sismeiro Odile , Coppée Jean-Yves , Scherf Artur 
Published: October 2017

AbstractVariegated surface antigen expression is key to chronic infection and pathogenesis of the human malaria parasitePlasmodium falciparum. This protozoan parasite expresses distinct surface molecules that are encoded by clonally variant gene families such asvar,rifandstevor. The molecular mechanisms governing activation of individual members remain ill-defined. To investigate the molecular events of the initial transcriptional activation process we focused on a member of the apicomplexan ApiAP2 transcription factor family predicted to bind to the 5′ upstream regions of thevargene family, AP2-exp (PF3D7_1466400). Viable AP2-exp mutant parasites rely on expressing no less than a short truncated protein including the N-terminal AP2 DNA-binding domain. RNA-seq analysis in mutant parasites revealed transcriptional changes in a subset of exported proteins encoded by clonally variant gene families. Upregulation of RIFINs and STEVORs was validated at the protein levels. In addition, morphological alterations were observed on the surface of the host cells infected by the mutants. This work points to a complex regulatory network of clonally variant gene families in which transcription of a subset of members is regulated by the same transcription factor. In addition, we highlight the importance of the non-DNA binding AP2 domain in functional gene regulation.
Transparent and ‘opaque’ conducting electrodes for ultra-thin highly-efficient near-field thermophotovoltaic cells
Authors: Karalis Aristeidis , Joannopoulos J. D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTransparent conducting electrodes play a fundamental role in far-field PhotoVoltaic systems, but have never been thoroughly investigated for near-field applications. Here we show, in the context of near-field planar ultra-thin ThermoPhotoVoltaic cells using surface-plasmon-polariton thermal emitters, that the resonant nature of the nanophotonic system significantly alters the design criteria for the necessary conducting front electrode. The traditional ratio of optical-to-DC conductivities is alone not an adequate figure of merit, instead the desired impedance matching between the emitter and absorber modes along with their coupling to the free-carrier resonance of the front electrode are key for optimal device design and performance. Moreover, we demonstrate that conducting electrodes ‘opaque’ to incoming far-field radiation can, in fact, be used in the near field with decent performance by taking advantage of evanescent photon tunneling from the emitter to the absorber. Finally, we identify and compare appropriate tunable-by-doping materials for front electrodes in near-field ThermoPhotoVoltaics, specifically molybdenum-doped indium oxide, dysprosium-doped cadmium oxide, graphene and diffused semiconductors, but also for ‘opaque’ electrodes, tin-doped indium oxide and silver nano-films. Predicted estimated performances include output power density ~10 W/cm2 with >45% efficiency at 2100 °K emitter temperature and 60 Ω electrode square resistance, thus increasing the promise for high-performance practical devices.
Binding patterns of homo-peptides on bare magnetic nanoparticles: insights into environmental dependence
Authors: Blank-Shim Silvia A. , Schwaminger Sebastian P. , Borkowska-Panek Monika , Anand Priya , Yamin Peyman , Fraga-García Paula , Fink Karin , Wenzel Wolfgang , Berensmeier Sonja 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are intensively investigated for applications in nanomedicine, catalysis and biotechnology, where their interaction with peptides and proteins plays an important role. However, the characterisation of the interaction of individual amino acids with MNP remains challenging. Here, we classify the affinity of 20 amino acid homo-hexamers to unmodified iron oxide nanoparticles using peptide arrays in a variety of conditions as a basis to identify and rationally design selectively binding peptides. The choice of buffer system is shown to strongly influence the availability of peptide binding sites on the MNP surface. We find that under certain buffer conditions peptides of different charges can bind the MNP and that the relative strength of the interactions can be modulated by changing the buffer. We further present a model for the competition between the buffer and the MNP’s electrostatically binding to the adsorption sites. Thereby, we demonstrate that the charge distribution on the surface can be used to correlate the binding of positively and negatively charged peptides to the MNP. This analysis enables us to engineer the binding of MNP on peptides and contribute to better understand the bio-nano interactions, a step towards the design of affinity tags for advanced biomaterials.
Activation of intestinal olfactory receptor stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in enteroendocrine cells and attenuates hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Kim Ki-Suk , Lee In-Seung , Kim Kang-Hoon , Park Jiyoung , Kim Yumi , Choi Jeong-Hee , Choi Jin-Sung , Jang Hyeung-Jin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOdorants are non-nutrients. However, they exist abundantly in foods, wines, and teas, and thus can be ingested along with the other nutrients during a meal. Here, we have focused on the chemical-recognition ability of these ORs and hypothesized that the odorants ingested during a meal may play a physiological role by activating the gut-expressed ORs. Using a human-derived enteroendocrine L cell line, we discovered the geraniol- and citronellal-mediated stimulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and elucidated the corresponding cellular downstream signaling pathways. The geraniol-stimulated GLP-1 secretion event in the enteroendocrine cell line was mediated by the olfactory-type G protein, the activation of adenylyl cyclase, increased intracellular cAMP levels, and extracellular calcium influx. TaqMan qPCR demonstrated that two ORs corresponding to geraniol and citronellal were expressed in the human enteroendocrine cell line and in mouse intestinal specimen. In a type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse model (db/db), oral administration of geraniol improved glucose homeostasis by increasing plasma GLP-1 and insulin levels. This insulinotropic action of geraniol was GLP-1 receptor-mediated, and also was glucose-dependent. This study demonstrates that odor compounds can be recognized by gut-expressed ORs during meal ingestion and therefore, participate in the glucose homeostasis by inducing the secretion of gut-peptides.
Newly learned categories induce pre-attentive categorical perception of faces
Authors: Yu Mengxia , Li You , Mo Ce , Mo Lei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFace perception is modulated by categorical information in faces, which is known as categorical perception (CP) of faces. However, it remains unknown whether CP of faces is humans’ inborn capability or the result of acquired categories. Here, we examined whether and when newly learned categories affect face perception. A short-term training method was employed in which participants learned new categories of face stimuli. Behaviorally, using an AB-X discrimination task, we found that the discrimination accuracy of face pairs from different learned categories was significantly higher than that of faces from the same category. Neurally, using a visual oddball task, we found that deviant stimuli whose category differed from standard stimuli evoked a larger N170. Importantly, the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN), starting from 140 ms after stimuli onset, was stronger with the between-category deviants than with the within-category deviants under the unattended condition. Altogether, our study provides empirical evidence indicating that CP of faces could be induced by newly learned categories, and this effect occurs automatically during an early stage of processing.
Directional mass transport in an atmospheric pressure surface barrier discharge
Authors: Dickenson A. , Morabit Y. , Hasan M. I. , Walsh J. L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn an atmospheric pressure surface barrier discharge the inherent physical separation between the plasma generation region and downstream point of application reduces the flux of reactive chemical species reaching the sample, potentially limiting application efficacy. This contribution explores the impact of manipulating the phase angle of the applied voltage to exert a level of control over the electrohydrodynamic forces generated by the plasma. As these forces produce a convective flow which is the primary mechanism of species transport, the technique facilitates the targeted delivery of reactive species to a downstream point without compromising the underpinning species generation mechanisms. Particle Imaging Velocimetry measurements are used to demonstrate that a phase shift between sinusoidal voltages applied to adjacent electrodes in a surface barrier discharge results in a significant deviation in the direction of the plasma induced gas flow. Using a two-dimensional numerical air plasma model, it is shown that the phase shift impacts the spatial distribution of the deposited charge on the dielectric surface between the adjacent electrodes. The modified surface charge distribution reduces the propagation length of the discharge ignited on the lagging electrode, causing an imbalance in the generated forces and consequently a variation in the direction of the resulting gas flow.
Information Connections among Multiple Investors: Evolutionary Local Patterns Revealed by Motifs
Authors: Guan Qing , An Haizhong , Liu Nairong , An Feng , Jiang Meihui 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe concept of motifs provides a fresh perspective for studying local patterns, which is useful for understanding the essence of a network structure. However, few previous studies have focused on the evolutionary characteristics of weighted motifs while further considering participants’ differences. We study how information connections differ among multiple investors. The evolutionary 10-year trend of weighted 3-motifs in China’s energy stock markets is explored for the networks of co-holding behaviors among shareholders, who are classified as companies, funds and individuals. Our works allow us to detect the preferential local patterns distributed among different agents as their fluctuate involvement in networks. We find that the diversity of shareholders contributes to the statistical significance of local patterns, while homophily always exist among individuals. Modules of information connections are stable among reserved investors, which is especially apparent among companies. Individuals prefer to keep their connections with companies and funds. Unsteady modules happen owing to strengthen links among funds during the time that they are main participants in stock markets. More details about multiple investors informationally connected in evolutionary local patterns can be detected by our work.
Impact of anesthetic agents on overall and recurrence-free survival in patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Jun In-Jung , Jo Jun-Young , Kim Jong-Il , Chin Ji-Hyun , Kim Wook-Jong , Kim Hyeong Ryul , Lee Eun-Ho , Choi In-Cheol 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGiven that surgical stress response and surgical excision may increase the likelihood of post-surgery cancer dissemination and metastasis, the appropriate choice of surgical anesthetics may be important for oncologic outcomes. We evaluated the association of anesthetics used for general anesthesia with overall survival and recurrence-free survival in patients who underwent esophageal cancer surgery. Adult patients (922) underwent elective esophageal cancer surgery were included. The patients were divided into two groups according to the anesthetics administered during surgery: volatile anesthesia (VA) or intravenous anesthesia with propofol (TIVA). Propensity score and Cox regression analyses were performed. There were 191 patients in the VA group and 731 in the TIVA group. In the entire cohort, VA was independently associated with worse overall survival (HR 1.58; 95% CI 1.24–2.01; P < 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (HR 1.42; 95% CI 1.12–1.79; P = 0.003) after multivariable analysis adjustment. Similarly, in the propensity score matched cohorts, VA was associated with worse overall survival (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.11–1.89; P = 0.006) and recurrence-free survival (HR 1.44; 95% CI 1.11–1.87; P = 0.006). TIVA during esophageal cancer surgery was associated with better postoperative survival rates compared with volatile anesthesia.
Linking fishes to multiple metrics of coral reef structural complexity using three-dimensional technology
Authors: González-Rivero M. , Harborne A. R. , Herrera-Reveles A. , Bozec Y.-M. , Rogers A. , Friedman A. , Ganase A. , Hoegh-Guldberg O. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStructural complexity strongly influences biodiversity and ecosystem productivity. On coral reefs, structural complexity is typically measured using a single and small-scale metric (‘rugosity’) that represents multiple spatial attributes differentially exploited by species, thus limiting a complete understanding of how fish associate with reef structure. We used a novel approach to compare relationships between fishes and previously unavailable components of reef complexity, and contrasted the results against the traditional rugosity index. This study focused on damselfish to explore relationships between fishes and reef structure. Three territorial species, with contrasting trophic habits and expected use of the reef structure, were examined to infer the potential species-specific mechanisms associated with how complexity influences habitat selection. Three-dimensional reef reconstructions from photogrammetry quantified the following metrics of habitat quality: 1) visual exposure to predators and competitors, 2) density of predation refuges and 3) substrate-related food availability. These metrics explained the species distribution better than the traditional measure of rugosity, and each species responded to different complexity components. Given that a critical effect of reef degradation is loss of structure, adopting three-dimensional technologies potentially offers a new tool to both understand species-habitat association and help forecast how fishes will be affected by the flattening of reefs.