bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massachusetts Healthcare Reform and Trends in Emergent Colon Resection
Authors: Eskander Mariam F. , Bliss Lindsay A. , McCarthy Ellen P. , de Geus Susanna W. L. , Chau Ng Sing , Nagle Deborah , Rodrigue James R. , Tseng Jennifer F. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND:
Insurance impacts access to therapeutic options, yet little is known about how healthcare reform might change the pattern of surgical admissions.

OBJECTIVE:
We compared rates of emergent admissions and outcomes after colectomy before and after reform in Massachusetts with a nationwide control group.

DESIGN:
This study is a retrospective cohort analysis in a natural experiment. Prereform was defined as hospital discharge from 2002 through the second quarter of 2006 and postreform from the third quarter of 2006 through 2012. Categorical variables were compared by χ2. Piecewise functions were used to test the effect of healthcare reform on the rate of emergent surgeries.

SETTINGS:
The study included acute care hospitals in the Massachusetts Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database (2002–2012) and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2002–2011).

PATIENTS:
Patients aged 18 to 64 years with public or no insurance who underwent inpatient colectomy (via International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification procedural code) were included and patients with Medicare were excluded.

INTERVENTION:
Massachusetts health care reform was the study intervention.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
We measured the rate of emergent colectomy, complications, and mortality.

RESULTS:
The unadjusted rate of emergent colectomies was lower in Massachusetts after reform but did not change nationally over the same time period. For emergent surgeries in Massachusetts, a piecewise model with an inflection point (peak) in the third quarter of 2006, coinciding with implementation of healthcare reform in Massachusetts, had a lower mean squared error than a linear model. In comparison, the national rate of emergent surgeries demonstrated no change in pattern. Postreform, length of stay decreased by 1 day in Massachusetts; however, there were no significant improvements in other outcomes.

LIMITATIONS:
The study was limited by its retrospective design and unadjusted analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:
There was a unique and sustained decline in the rate of emergent colon resection among publically insured and uninsured patients after 2006 in Massachusetts, in contradistinction to the national pattern, suggesting improved access to care associated with health insurance expansion. The reasons for lack of improvement in outcomes are multifactorial.
Screening for Psychosocial and Family Risk in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Cunningham Carin , Cho Elise , Shaffer Michele L. , Bradford Miranda C. , Palermo Tonya 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Screening for psychosocial comorbidity is recommended for pediatric patients presenting at an initial gastroenterology (GI) outpatient consultation. We developed and evaluated the psychometric properties of the GI Screener to address the need for a screening tool specific to pediatric GI patients.Methods:128 patients (8–18 years old, 63% female) and 126 parents completed age‐specific versions of the GI Screener and 3 validated psychosocial comparison instruments (The Behavioral Assessment System for Children, The Functional Disability Inventory, The General Functioning scale of the Family Assessment Device) at their initial GI consultation. (30%) of families repeated the measures 2 weeks later. We identified GI Screener content domains and retained items using exploratory factor analysis. We evaluated internal consistency, construct validity, cross‐informant reliability, and test‐retest reliability of the trimmed measures.Results:Exploratory factor analysis identified 2 factors in both the parent and child scales: Symptom Impact and Emotional Functioning. Internal consistency estimates for the trimmed scales were good (Cronbach's alpha >0.75) for both Child and Parent scales. We found that the GI Screener for both patient and parents had good construct validity. Cross‐informant reliability between Parent and Child scales at baseline had an estimated correlation of 0.56, while intra class correlation coefficients between baseline and 2‐week scores showed high test‐retest reliability (>0.7).Conclusions:The GI Screener is a brief, valid and reliable measure that can aid in identifying families who are at high risk for psychosocial comorbidity facilitating the targeted delivery of psychosocial intervention and efficient use of health care resources.
MicroRNA-210, MicroRNA-331, and MicroRNA-7 Are Differentially Regulated in Treated HIV-1–Infected Individuals and Are Associated With Markers of Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Ballegaard Vibe , Ralfkiaer Ulrik , Pedersen Karin K. , Hove Malene , Koplev Simon , Brændstrup Peter , Ryder Lars P. , Madsen Hans O. , Gerstoft Jan , Grønbæk Kirsten , Nielsen Susanne D. 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
Inflammation may contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV-1 infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of inflammation. In treated HIV-1–infected individuals, we aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs with known roles in inflammation and CVD risk and to investigate associations between these and systemic inflammation.

Methods:
In a screening cohort including 14 HIV-1–infected individuals and 9 uninfected controls, microarray profiling was performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Differentially regulated miRNAs previously related to inflammation and CVD were validated using real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in 26 HIV-1–infected individuals and 20 uninfected controls. Validated miRNAs were measured in PBMCs, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G, lipids, and fasting glucose were measured, and associations with validated miRNAs were assessed with multiple linear regression analysis.

Results:
Upregulation of miR-210, miR-7, and miR-331 was found in PBMCs from HIV-1–infected individuals when compared with those from uninfected controls (P < 0.005). In contrast, miR-210 and miR-331 were downregulated in CD8+ T cells. In multivariate analysis, miR-210 in CD8+ T cells was negatively associated with LPS (P = 0.023) and triglycerides (P = 0.003) but positively associated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P = 0.004). MiR-7 in PBMC was positively associated with interleukin-6 (P = 0.025) and fasting glucose (P = 0.005), whereas miR-331 was negatively associated with LPS (P = 0.006). In PBMCs from HIV-1–infected individuals with low cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G, miR-7, miR-29a, miR-221, and miR-222 were downregulated.

Conclusion:
In 2 independent cohorts, miR-210, miR-7, and miR-331 were differentially regulated in treated HIV-1–infected individuals and associated with markers of systemic inflammation.
Significance of TP53 Mutation in Wilms Tumors with Diffuse Anaplasia: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Ooms Ariadne H.A.G. , Gadd Samantha , Gerhard Daniela S. , Smith Malcolm A. , Guidry Auvil Jaime M. , Meerzaman Daoud , Chen Qing-Rong , Hsu Chih Hao , Yan Chunhua , Nguyen Cu , Hu Ying , Ma Yussanne , Zong Zusheng , Mungall Andrew J. , Moore Richard A. , Marra Marco A. , Huff Vicki , Dome Jeffrey S. , Chi Yueh-Yun , Tian Jing , Geller James I. , Mullighan Charles G. , Ma Jing , Wheeler David A. , Hampton Oliver A. , Walz Amy L. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. , de Krijger Ronald R. , Ross Nicole , Gastier-Foster Julie M. , Perlman Elizabeth J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the role and significance of TP53 mutation in diffusely anaplastic Wilms tumors (DAWTs).
Experimental Design: All DAWTs registered on National Wilms Tumor Study-5 (n = 118) with available samples were analyzed for TP53 mutations and copy loss. Integrative genomic analysis was performed on 39 selected DAWTs.
Results: Following analysis of a single random sample, 57 DAWTs (48%) demonstrated TP53 mutations, 13 (11%) copy loss without mutation, and 48 (41%) lacked both [defined as TP53-wild-type (wt)]. Patients with stage III/IV TP53-wt DAWTs (but not those with stage I/II disease) had significantly lower relapse and death rates than those with TP53 abnormalities. In-depth analysis of a subset of 39 DAWTs showed seven (18%) to be TP53-wt: These demonstrated gene expression evidence of an active p53 pathway. Retrospective pathology review of TP53-wt DAWT revealed no or very low volume of anaplasia in six of seven tumors. When samples from TP53-wt tumors known to contain anaplasia histologically were available, abnormal p53 protein accumulation was observed by immunohistochemistry.
Conclusions: These data support the key role of TP53 loss in the development of anaplasia in WT, and support its significant clinical impact in patients with residual anaplastic tumor following surgery. These data also suggest that most DAWTs will show evidence of TP53 mutation when samples selected for the presence of anaplasia are analyzed. This suggests that modifications of the current criteria to also consider volume of anaplasia and documentation of TP53 aberrations may better reflect the risk of relapse and death and enable optimization of therapeutic stratification. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5582–91. ©2016 AACR.
A Propos De Ta Sa Fuqin Si-Le
Authors: Iljic Robert 
Published: October 2016

The sentences of the type above mentioned are characterized, on the one hand, by the cooccurrence of bă with an intransitive verb, on the other hand, by the classifier ge following bă and introducing a noun relative to a unique referent. This type of sentence, quoted by most major contemporary Chinese grammars, and to be traced in baihuà texts, doesn't seem, nowadays, to pertain any longer to a universally accepted standard.
This paper demonstrates that in these sentences, as in all bă constructions, bă actually marks a patient (even if the latter may be the subject-of an intransitive verb); besides, given its position before bă, a certain agentivity is always conferred to a noun in topic position, even if this agentivity, taken to its far end, boils down to the only desire of having been able to do something to prevent a given event (a point in case: the death of a father); finally, the function of ge before a proper noun or a noun semantically determined as unique, which can be found in some other sentences, isn't to count, that is, to indicate a quantity. but to emphasize the qualitative value of the noun (the father insofar as he is a father), the effect being to underline the value (price) that the speaker attaches to a given person or thing, hence the modal connotation ascribed to such sentences.
Whither the Principle of Self-determination in the Post-colonial Era? Building the Case for a Policy-oriented Approach
Authors: Amoroso Daniele 
Published: October 2016

It is no secret that, since the end of decolonization, the principle of self-determination of peoples has been going through a veritable identity crisis. On the one hand, inconsistencies and double-standards are so commonplace in international practice
as to justify the doubt that the law of self-determination is, in fact, power politics in disguise. On the other hand, a significant portion of the international community maintains that the principle has exhausted its historical function and applies only to a very limited number of cases (e.g. Palestine and Western Sahara). Yet self-determination of peoples is still well entrenched in international legal life.
Against this background, international lawyers have been called upon to clarify how the customary principle on self-determination has changed in order to meet the challenges posed by the new global order. So far, however, the various attempts to overcome the colonial paradigm have not led to satisfactory results, being doomed to capitulate in the face of the fact that international practice in this field is either too sparse or is inconsistent.
The main reason for this difficulty lies in the tendency to conceive of the law of self-determination in a traditional, ‘static’ fashion, as a set of clear-cut rules whose content has to be distilled, ultimately, in the light of accumulated past decisions. I will argue, by contrast, that the principle should be looked at in its ‘dynamic’ aspect, viz. as a ceaseless process through which the international community provides an authoritative response to demands for self-determination. My working hypothesis, specifically, is that a valuable contribution to such an investigation may be offered by the policy-oriented jurisprudence developed by the so-called ‘New Haven School’ of international law (NHS).
The Challenge of Forecasting Significant Tornadoes from June to October Using Convective Parameters
Authors: Hart John A. , Cohen Ariel E. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This study is an application of the Statistical Severe Convective Risk Assessment Model (SSCRAM), which objectively assesses conditional severe thunderstorm probabilities based on archived hourly mesoscale data across the United States collected from 2006 to 2014. In the present study, SSCRAM is used to assess the utility of severe thunderstorm parameters commonly employed by forecasters in anticipating thunderstorms that produce significant tornadoes (i.e., causing F2/EF2 or greater damage) from June through October. The utility during June–October is compared to that during other months. Previous studies have identified some aspects of the summertime challenge in severe storm forecasting, and this study provides an in-depth quantification of the within-year variability of severe storms predictability. Conditional probabilities of significant tornadoes downstream of lightning occurrence using common parameter values, such as the effective-layer significant tornado parameter, convective available potential energy, and vertical shear, are found to substantially decrease during the months of June–October compared to other months. Furthermore, conditional probabilities of significant tornadoes during June–October associated with these parameters are nearly invariable regardless of value, highlighting the challenge of using objective environmental data to attempt to forecast significant tornadoes from June through October.
Hospital incidence and annual rates of hospitalization for venous thromboembolic disease in France and the USA
Authors: Allaert François-André , Benzenine Eric , Quantin Catherine 
Published: October 2016

Objective The study was designed to describe the hospital incidences and annual hospitalization rates for venous thromboembolic disease by age and sex in France and the United States on the closest possible methodological bases. Methods French statistics are from the PMSI MCO (Programme de médicalisation des système d'information de médecine, chirurgie et obstétrique (French national hospital discharge register)) national database. These are compiled for each calendar year by collating résumé de sortie anonymisé (RSA, anonymous discharge summary) files forwarded and validated by health establishments with admissions in medicine, surgery, obstetrics, and odontology. They are compared to the data issued from the US National Hospital Discharge Survey which is equivalent to the PMSI in France and uses the International Classification of Diseases-9 for encoding the data. These data were published in the Morbidity, Mortality Weekly Report of the Centre for Disease Control. Results In the US, 547,996 hospital stays involve venous thromboembolic diseases, 348,558 deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and 277,549 pulmonary embolism (PE). Of these 78,511, or 14%, include a diagnosis of both DVT and PE. The hospital incidence of venous thromboembolic disease is 1.4%, DVT 0.9%, and PE 0.7%. In France, of the 26,658,228 annual hospital stays, 273,931 include venous thromboembolic disease, 179,286 DVT, and 139,345 PE while 44,700, i.e. 16.3%, include both DVT and PE. The hospital incidence of venous thromboembolic disease is thus 1.0%, DVT 0.6%, and PE 0.5%. The overall annual hospitalization rates for venous thromboembolic disease, DVT, and PE are respectively 274, 179, and 139 per 100,000 inhabitants in France and 239, 146, and 121 per 100,000 inhabitants in the US. Conclusion Venous thromboembolic diseases occur in France and the US in 1% of all hospital stays and are responsible for an annual hospitalization rate that exceeds 200 per 100,000. The scale of these annual incidences should prompt us to question the quality of prevention put in place and/or its efficacy.
Simulating cryo electron tomograms of crowded cell cytoplasm for assessment of automated particle picking
Authors: Pei Long , Xu Min , Frazier Zachary , Alber Frank 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background
Cryo-electron tomography is an important tool to study structures of macromolecular complexes in close to native states. A whole cell cryo electron tomogram contains structural information of all its macromolecular complexes. However, extracting this information remains challenging, and relies on sophisticated image processing, in particular for template-free particle extraction, classification and averaging. To develop these methods it is crucial to realistically simulate tomograms of crowded cellular environments, which can then serve as ground truth models for assessing and optimizing methods for detection of complexes in cell tomograms.

Results
We present a framework to generate crowded mixtures of macromolecular complexes for realistically simulating cryo electron tomograms including noise and image distortions due to the missing-wedge effects. Simulated tomograms are then used for assessing the template-free Difference-of-Gaussian (DoG) particle-picking method to detect complexes of different shapes and sizes under various crowding and noise levels. We identified DoG parameter settings that maximize precision and recall for detecting particles over a wide range of sizes and shapes. We observed that medium sized DoG scaling factors showed the overall best performance. To further improve performance, we propose a combination strategy for integrating results from multiple parameter settings. With increasing macromolecular crowding levels, the precision of particle picking remained relatively high, while the recall was dramatically reduced, which limits the detection of sufficient copy numbers of complexes in a crowded environment. Over a wide range of increasing noise levels, the DoG particle picking performance remained stable, but dramatically reduced beyond a specific noise threshold.

Conclusions
Automatic and reference-free particle picking is an important first step in a visual proteomics analysis of cell tomograms. However, cell cytoplasm is highly crowded, which makes particle detection challenging. It is therefore important to test particle-picking methods in a realistic crowded setting. Here, we present a framework for simulating tomograms of cellular environments at high crowding levels and assess the DoG particle picking method. We determined optimal parameter settings to maximize the performance of the DoG particle-picking method.
Mixed-Methods Study of the Impact of Chronic Patient Death on Oncologists’ Personal and Professional Lives
Authors: Granek Leeat , Ariad Samuel , Nakash Ora , Cohen Michal , Bar-Sela Gil , Ben-David Merav 
Published: October 2016

Purpose: Although some research has found that health care professionals experience grief when their patients die, within the oncology context, few studies have examined the impact of this loss on oncology personnel. Given the paucity of empirical studies on this topic, this research explored the impact of patient death on oncologists. Methods and Materials This study used a mixed-methods design. The qualitative component used the grounded theory method of data collection and analysis. Twenty-two oncologists were recruited from three adult oncology centers. Purposive sampling was used to gain maximum variation in the sample. The quantitative component involved a convenience sample of 79 oncologists recruited through oncologist collaborators. Results: The qualitative study indicated that frequent patient death has both personal and professional impacts on oncologists. Personal impacts included changes to their personality, gaining of perspective on their lives, and a strain to their social relationships. Professional impacts included exhaustion and burnout, learning from each patient death, and decision making. The frequency analysis indicated that oncologists experienced both positive and negative impacts of patient death. A majority reported that exposure to patient death gave them a better perspective on life (78.5%) and motivated them to improve patient care (66.7%). Negative consequences included exhaustion (62%) and burnout (75.9%) as well as compartmentalization of feelings at work and at home (69.6%). Conclusion: Frequent patient death has an impact on oncologists’ lives, some of which negatively affect the quality of life for oncologists, their families, and their patients.
Increasing the Efficiency of the Personnel Engagement in the Organization Management System in Times of Crisis
Authors: Худякова  , Khudyakova T. , Ливак  , Livak N. 
Published: October 2016

The article considers development of staff’s engagement of OJSC “Gladen’kaya” that improves the performance of employees, increase the number of satisfied clients
and increase their loyalty to the organization. The most negative facts that exacerbate the condition of moral-psychological climate in the organization are
considered. Activities for improving engagement are proposed. The implementation schedule of the project is developed. Social and economic efficiency of the
project implementation is designed. The approbation of the project «Improving the efficiency of the process of employee engagement» is carried out. As a result
of efficient use of labor resources, economic development will occur, profit will increase.
Upward Pricing Pressure in Partial Acquisitions: Application to the Essilor Case
Authors: Jin Yangsoo 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The price effects of a partial acquisition may be far more complex than those of a full merger. The discussion on this issue, however, has not been well developed in Asian countries, including Korea. However, a partial acquisition case occurred in Korea in which Essilor intended to acquire fifty-percent shares of its competitor, DM Optical. In this paper, we modify and reorganize theories of upward pricing pressure (UPP) in partial acquisitions and apply them to this case. This paper, therefore, intends not only to initiate a discussion, but also to suggest an exemplary method to conduct UPP analysis in partial acquisition environments. Specifically, it will contribute to methodological advances by analyzing the case in a fashion that circumvents limitations of time and data, the main obstacles merger reviewers often face, in practice.