bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallel computation of the reachability graph of petri net models with semantic information
Authors: González‐López de Murillas Eduardo , Fabra Javier , Álvarez Pedro , Ezpeleta Joaquín 
Published: September 2016

SummaryFormal verification plays a crucial role when dealing with correctness of systems. In a previous work, the authors proposed a class of models, the Unary Resource Description Framework Petri Nets (U‐RDF‐PN), which integrated Petri nets and (RDF‐based) semantic information. The work also proposed a model checking approach for the analysis of system behavioural properties that made use of the net reachability graph. Computing such a graph, specially when dealing with high‐level structures as RDF graphs, is a very expensive task that must be considered. This paper describes the development of a parallel solution for the computation of the reachability graph of U‐RDF‐PN models. Besides that, the paper presents some experimental results when the tool was deployed in cluster and cloud frameworks. The results not only show the improvement in the total time required for computing the graph, but also the high scalability of the solution, which make it very useful thanks to the current (and future) availability of cloud infrastructures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Foreign bias in Australia's international equity holdings
Authors: Mishra Anil V. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe paper uses various approaches: capital asset pricing, mean‐variance, global minimum‐variance, Bayes‐Stein, Bayesian and multi‐prior to develop foreign equity bias measures for Australia's international equity holdings in 41 countries, over the period 2001 to 2012. Bayesian models allow for various degrees of mis‐trust in the ICAPM model. Multi‐Prior restricts the expected return for each asset to lie within specified confidence interval around its estimated value. Mean‐Variance computes optimal weights by sample estimates of mean and covariance matrix of sample return. Bayes‐Stein shrinks each asset's historical mean return toward the return of the minimum variance portfolio and improves precision associated with estimating the expected return of each asset. The plausible sources of foreign equity bias are trade, GDP per capita, real GDP growth rate, exchange rate volatility, tax credit, stock market development, familiarity and institution variables. The paper finds that economic cost of the observed foreign bias is low. The paper analyses correlation effect on the foreign bias and finds that economic loss decreases with an increase in correlation.
Size is everything: Explaining SIFI designations
Authors: Irresberger Felix , Bierth Christopher , Weiß Gregor N.F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we study the determinants of the systemic importance of banks and insurers during the financial crisis. We investigate the methodology of regulators to identify global systemically important financial institutions and find that firm size is the only significant predictor of the decision of regulators to designate a financial institution as systemically important. Further, using a cross‐sectional quantile regression approach, we find that Marginal Expected Shortfall and ΔCoVaR as two common measures of systemic risk produce inconclusive results concerning the systemic relevance of banks and insurers during the crisis.
Large eddy simulation of the velocity-intermittency structure for flow over a field of symmetric dunes
Authors: Keylock Christopher J. , Chang Kyoungsik S. , Constantinescu George S. 
Published: September 2016

Owing to their frequent occurrence in the natural environment, there has been significant interest in refining our understanding of flow over dunes and other bedforms. Recent work in this area has focused, in particular, on their shear-layer characteristics and the manner by which flow structures are generated. However, field-based studies, are reliant on single-, or multi-point measurements, rather than delimiting flow structures from the velocity gradient tensor, as is possible in numerical work. Here, we extract pointwise time series from a well-resolved large eddy simulation as a means to connect these two approaches. The at-a-point analysis technique is termed the velocity-intermittency quadrant method and relates the fluctuating, longitudinal velocity, $u_{1}^{\prime }(t)$, to its fluctuating pointwise Hölder regularity, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{1}^{\prime }(t)$. Despite the difference in boundary conditions, our results agree very well with previous experiments that show the importance, in the region above the dunes, of a quadrant 3 ($u_{1}^{\prime }<0$, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{1}^{\prime }<0$) flow configuration. Our higher density of sampling beneath the shear layer and close to the bedforms relative to experimental work reveals a negative correlation between $u_{1}^{\prime }(t)$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{1}^{\prime }(t)$ in this region. This consists of two distinct layers, with quadrant 4 ($u_{1}^{\prime }>0$, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{1}^{\prime }<0$) dominant near the wall and quadrant 2 ($u_{1}^{\prime }<0$, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{1}^{\prime }>0$) dominant close to the lower part of the separated shear layer. These results are consistent with a near-wall advection of vorticity into a region downstream of a temporarily foreshortened reattachment region, and the entrainment of slow moving and quiescent fluid into a faster, more turbulent shear layer. A comparison of instantaneous vorticity fields to the velocity-intermittency analysis shows how the pointwise results reflect larger-scale organisation of the flow. We illustrate this using results from two instantaneous datasets. In the former, extreme velocity-intermittency events corresponding to a foreshortened recirculation region (and high pressures on the stoss slope of the dune immediately downstream) arise, and the development of intense flow structures occurs as a consequence. In the other case, development of a ‘skimming flow’ with relatively little exchange between the inner and outer regions results in exceedances because of the coherence associated with this high velocity, high turbulence outer region. Thus, our results shed further light on the characteristics of dune flow in the near-wall region and, importantly for field-based research, show that useful information on flow structure can be obtained from single-point single velocity component measurements.
Disconnections in Infantile-Onset Saccade Initiation Delay: A Hypothesis
Authors: Salman Michael S. , Ikeda Kristin M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractInfantile-onset saccade initiation delay (ISID), commonly known as congenital ocular motor apraxia, is characterized by difficulty in triggering horizontal volitional saccades. It typically presents with head thrusts in infancy and is often associated with developmental delay. Patients with ISID are reported to have abnormalities in various brain regions including the corpus callosum, brainstem, and cerebellum. We propose that ISID is caused by the disruption or disconnection of axons linking analogous brain regions involved in processing saccades across the two sides of the brain or bilateral damage to these regions.
Telemedicine and Epilepsy Care - A Canada Wide Survey
Authors: Ahmed S. Nizam , Wiebe Samuel , Mann Carly , Ohinmaa Arto 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground:Canadian provinces boast one of the most sophisticated telemedicine infrastructures in the world. Feasibility of epilepsy care through telemedicine is established, but its use by practicing neurologists is unknown. The Canadian League against Epilepsy's telemedicine task force conducted this study to understand the perceptions, barriers and usage of telemedicine in epilepsy care.Methods:Using a 14 item questionnaire we prospectively surveyed all the epileptologists across Canada with regards to current use, perceived benefits and barriers to the use of telemedicine. The survey was mailed out to 76 neurologists who had a primary interest in epilepsy.Results:We received 39 responses (54.1%) spanning seven provinces. Majority of the responders were 50 years and over (56.4%). Although 61.5% of the physicians acknowledged a need for tele-epilepsy services, the majority (64.1%) had not used telemedicine. The most common forms of technology were videoconferencing and telephone but some physicians had also used email. Telemedicine was mainly used for clinical and educational purposes. 79.5% of physicians had access to videoconferencing equipment and 61.5% assessed that there was a need/use for clinical telehealth. The main perceived obstacles in the use of telemedicine were: lack of infrastructure support and remuneration problems followed by limitations in clinical examination.Conclusions:Although widely available, telemedicine is under-utilized in epilepsy care. Most of the obstacles can be easily fixed and overcome through education and simple interventions. Partnering of epilepsy centers across Canada in the development of a comprehensive national telemedicine network would create an excellent opportunity to expand epilepsy care.
Audit of EEG Reporting Temporal Abnormalities
Authors: Nguyen Dang Khoa , Girard Marie-Eve , Cossette Patrick , Saint-Hilaire Jean-Marc 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground:To ensure the overall quality of our electroencephalogram (EEG) laboratory, we decided to perform an audit of EEGs interpreted at our institution, focusing initially on EEGs reporting temporal abnormalities.Methods:Reports of all EEGs performed between January 1st and June 30th, 2006 were reviewed in order to identify tracings mentioning abnormalities in the temporal regions. These records were then independently reviewed by two epileptologists on two distinct occasions, separated by an interval of at least six months. If the recording was considered normal after this process, the cause for misinterpretation was identified and the patient's chart was reviewed to determine if he was epileptic or not based on available evidence until June 2009.Results:In the first half of 2006,143 out of 773 EEGs mentioned temporal abnormalities (18.5%). In general, intra- and interrater agreement ratios between our two epileptologists were moderate to substantial for normality, presence of epileptic activity and presence of slowing. Forty-five recordings (31.5%) were reported as normal independently by them on two distinct sittings six months apart. The most common causes for misinterpretation were the presence of benign epileptiform variants, normal sharply contoured patterns of somnolence or hyperventilation. Chart review confirmed that most were non-epileptic patients (60% non-epileptic, 27% epileptic, 13% unknown).Conclusion:Moderate to substantial intra- and interrater agreement as well as frequent misinterpretation of physiological variants indicate that some corrective measures need to be implemented to improve the consistency of EEG interpretation amongst our group of electroencephalographers.
Epileptiform Asymetries and Treatment Response in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Authors: Létourneau Karine , Cieuta-Walti Cécile , Deacon Charles 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground:Epileptiform electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetries are not uncommon in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and can contribute to the misdiagnosis of this syndrome. The objective of this study is to further characterize patients with focal or asymmetric epileptiform electroencephalographic abnormalities and more specifically in terms of response to treatment. Controversial data exists in the literature concerning this issue.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed clinical and EEG data of a group of consecutive JME patients followed at our Epilepsy Service. The first EEG available for each patient was reviewed blindly by two independent electroencephalographers.Results:Twenty-eight patients with JME were identified: 11 (39.3%) were resistant to at least one appropriate anti-epileptic drug (AED), including valproate, lamotrigine, topiramate or levetiracetam. All patients except two had generalized epileptiform abnormalities. Overall, EEG asymmetries were detected in 57.1% of the cases. The proportion of EEG asymmetries between AED-sensitive group (52.9%) and AED-resistant group (63.5%) did not reach statistical significance. Concordance between examiners for identification of EEG asymmetries was good. Analysis of patients with and without asymmetries showed no statistically significant differences in comparisons of age, family history of seizure, presence of polyspike and slow wave, photosensitivity and timing of EEG related to the onset of treatment.Conclusion:Asymmetric electroencephalographic abnormalities are frequent in patients with JME. These features should not be misinterpreted as being indicative of partial epilepsy. In our group, asymmetries were not associated with resistance to treatment.
TCD Diastolic Velocity Decay and Pulsatility Index Increment in PVS Cases
Authors: Perez-Nellar Jesús , Machado Calixto , Scherle Claudio E. , Chinchilla Mauricio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground:Functional neuroimaging has provided new insights for assessing cerebral function in persistent vegetative state patients (PVS). Compared to controls, positron emission tomography and single photon emission tomography have shown a substantial reduction of global brain cerebral glucose metabolism and perfusion in PVS. Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) assesses local blood flow velocity and direction in the proximal portions of large intracranial arteries; it is a noninvasive technique, and it can be carried out at the bedside. To date, few studies have applied TCD to study PVS.Methods:We assessed intracranial circulation by TCD in five PVS patients. The cause of brain insult was hypoxic encephalopathy in four cases, and the other suffered an embolic cerebral infarct causing a top of the basilar artery syndrome. The sample volume was set at 12 mm; power output and gain settings were maximized as needed. The temporal bone acoustic window was not suitable for intracranial vessel insonation in all patients. As an alternative, the internal carotid artery siphon was assessed by orbital insonation between 55-70 mm.Results:Systolic velocity was within a normal range, between 44 and 62 cm/second in all cases. However, the diastolic amplitude was reduced, as well as the end diastolic velocity, and the pulsatility index was increased in all patients.Conclusions:We conclude that TCD diastolic velocity decrement and PI augmentation in our cases might be related to uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate, arising from reduced cerebral glucose consumption and oxygen uptake, after extensive brain injury.
iPhone-Based Teleradiology for the Diagnosis of Acute Cervico-Dorsal Spine Trauma
Authors: Modi Jayesh , Sharma Pranshu , Earl Alex , Simpson Mark , Mitchell J. Ross , Goyal Mayank 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjective:To assess the feasibility of iPhone-based teleradiology as a potential solution for the diagnosis of acute cervico-dorsal spine trauma.Materials and Methods:We have developed a solution that allows visualization of images on the iPhone. Our system allows rapid, remote, secure, visualization of medical images without storing patient data on the iPhone. This retrospective study is comprised of cervico-dorsal computed tomogram (CT) scan examination of 75 consecutive patients having clinically suspected cervico-dorsal spine fracture. Two radiologists reviewed CT scan images on the iPhone. Computed tomogram spine scans were analyzed for vertebral body fracture and posterior elements fractures, any associated subluxation-dislocation and cord lesion. The total time taken from the launch of viewing application on the iPhone until interpretation was recorded. The results were compared with that of a diagnostic workstation monitor. Inter-rater agreement was assessed.Results:The sensitivity and accuracy of detecting vertebral body fractures was 80% and 97% by both readers using the iPhone system with a perfect inter-rater agreement (kappa:1). The sensitivity and accuracy of detecting posterior elements fracture was 75% and 98% for Reader 1 and 50% and 97% for Reader 2 using the iPhone. There was good inter-rater agreement (kappa: 0.66) between both readers. No statistically significant difference was noted between time on the workstation and the iPhone system.Conclusion:iPhone-based teleradiology system is accurate in the diagnosis of acute cervico-dorsal spinal trauma. It allows rapid, remote, secure, visualization of medical images without storing patient data on the iPhone.
Stress in Portuguese Middle School Transition: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Coelho Vítor Alexandre , Romão Ana Maria 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTransition from elementary to middle school is commonly seen as a period of stress, impacting students’ school adjustment. The present longitudinal study aimed to analyze the difference in stress levels between the end of 4th grade and 5th grade, while also analyzing gender differences and 5th grade retention. Two hundred fifty-eight 4th grade students (Mage = 9.55; SD = 0.77) from six Portuguese public schools, from the municipality of Torres Vedras, participated in this study. Self-report questionnaires were administered at the end of the 4th and 5th grades, and 5th grade school records were also collected. Results showed that 5th graders present higher levels of Academic Stress (d = .29) and Teacher/Rules Stress (d = .28). Girls had a greater increase of Peer-related Stress with the transition (p < .01). Students who were retained at the end of 5th grade showed higher increases of Teacher/Rules Stress (p < .05). Intervention programs that aim to support the transition from elementary to middle school are needed, in order to reduce the increase of stress levels at 5th grade and to promote a better school adjustment in the first year of middle school.
Evolution by flight and fight: diverse mechanisms of adaptation by actively motile microbes
Authors: Rendueles Olaya , Velicer Gregory J 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Evolutionary adaptation can be achieved by mechanisms accessible to all organisms, including faster growth and interference competition, but self-generated motility offers additional possibilities. We tested whether 55 populations of the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus that underwent selection for increased fitness at the leading edge of swarming colonies adapted by swarming faster toward unused resources or by other means. Populations adapted greatly but diversified markedly in both swarming phenotypes and apparent mechanisms of adaptation. Intriguingly, although many adapted populations swarm intrinsically faster than their ancestors, numerous others do not. Some populations evolved interference competition toward their ancestors, whereas others gained the ability to facultatively increase swarming rate specifically upon direct interaction with ancestral competitors. Our results both highlight the diverse range of mechanisms by which actively motile organisms can adapt evolutionarily and help to explain the high levels of swarming-phenotype diversity found in local soil populations of M. xanthus.
Methylation of SFRP2 gene as a promising noninvasive biomarker using feces in colorectal cancer diagnosis: a systematic meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Qihua , Huang Tao , Ye Guoliang , Wang Bojun , Zhang Xinjun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMethylation of secreted frizzled-related protein genes (SFRP) associated with the Wnt signaling pathway has previously been reported. However, the diagnostic role of SFRP methylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. A systematic search was performed to identify eligible articles for analysis. The pooled OR showed that SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4 and SFRP5 methylation was significantly higher in CRC and benign mucosal lesions than in normal colonic mucosa. When CRC was compared to benign mucosal lesions, SFRP1 and SFRP2 methylation had a significantly higher OR, but methylated SFRP4 and SFRP5 had a similar OR. Moreover, the pooled sensitivity, specificity and AUC (area under the curve) of methylated SFRP2 in feces of patients with CRC vs. healthy subjects was 0.71, 0.94 and 0.94, respectively. Therefore, methylation of SFRP1 and SFRP2 may be significantly correlated with CRC. However, in a study with small sample size, methylated SFRP4 and SFRP5 were not shown to be closely associated with CRC. Additionally, detection of SFRP2 methylation in feces presents a potential noninvasive biomarker for CRC diagnosis.
Ultrahigh Responsivity-Bandwidth Product in a Compact InP Nanopillar Phototransistor Directly Grown on Silicon
Authors: Ko Wai Son , Bhattacharya Indrasen , Tran Thai-Truong D. , Ng Kar Wei , Adair Gerke Stephen , Chang-Hasnain Connie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHighly sensitive and fast photodetectors can enable low power, high bandwidth on-chip optical interconnects for silicon integrated electronics. III-V compound semiconductor direct-bandgap materials with high absorption coefficients are particularly promising for photodetection in energy-efficient optical links because of the potential to scale down the absorber size, and the resulting capacitance and dark current, while maintaining high quantum efficiency. We demonstrate a compact bipolar junction phototransistor with a high current gain (53.6), bandwidth (7 GHz) and responsivity (9.5 A/W) using a single crystalline indium phosphide nanopillar directly grown on a silicon substrate. Transistor gain is obtained at sub-picowatt optical power and collector bias close to the CMOS line voltage. The quantum efficiency-bandwidth product of 105 GHz is the highest for photodetectors on silicon. The bipolar junction phototransistor combines the receiver front end circuit and absorber into a monolithic integrated device, eliminating the wire capacitance between the detector and first amplifier stage.
Prediction of prostate cancer recurrence using quantitative phase imaging: Validation on a general population
Authors: Sridharan Shamira , Macias Virgilia , Tangella Krishnarao , Melamed Jonathan , Dube Emily , Kong Max Xiangtian , Kajdacsy-Balla André , Popescu Gabriel 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPrediction of biochemical recurrence risk of prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy is critical for determining whether the patient would benefit from adjuvant treatments. Various nomograms exist today for identifying individuals at higher risk for recurrence; however, an optimistic under-estimation of recurrence risk is a common problem associated with these methods. We previously showed that anisotropy of light scattering measured using quantitative phase imaging, in the stromal layer adjacent to cancerous glands, is predictive of recurrence. That nested-case controlled study consisted of specimens specifically chosen such that the current prognostic methods fail. Here we report on validating the utility of optical anisotropy for prediction of prostate cancer recurrence in a general population of 192 patients, with 17% probability of recurrence. Our results show that our method can identify recurrent cases with 73% sensitivity and 72% specificity, which is comparable to that of CAPRA-S, a current state of the art method, in the same population. However, our results show that optical anisotropy outperforms CAPRA-S for patients with Gleason grades 7–10. In essence, we demonstrate that anisotropy is a better biomarker for identifying high-risk cases, while Gleason grade is better suited for selecting non-recurrence. Therefore, we propose that anisotropy and current techniques be used together to maximize prediction accuracy.