bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An FONLL prescription with coexisting flavor number PDFs
Authors: Barontini Andrea , Candido Alessandro , Hekhorn Felix , Magni Giacomo , Stegeman Roy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present a new prescription to account for heavy quark mass effects in the determination of parton distribution functions (PDFs) based on the FONLL scheme. Our prescription makes explicit use of the freedom to choose the number of active flavors at a given scale and, thus, use coexisting PDFs with different active flavor number. This new prescription is perturbatively equivalent to the former but improves the implementation in two ways. First, it can be naturally generalized to account simultaneously for multiple heavy quark effects, such as charm and bottom effects, which can both be relevant at the same scale due to the small mass difference. Second, it can be trivially generalized to use at any fixed-order or collinear resummed accuracy, while previous prescriptions required ad-hoc expansions of the DGLAP evolution kernels for each coefficient. We supplement the paper with codes for the computation of deep inelastic scattering observables in this new prescription.
Gravitational scattering and beyond from extreme mass ratio effective field theory
Authors: Cheung Clifford , Parra-Martinez Julio , Rothstein Ira Z. , Shah Nabha , Wilson-Gerow Jordan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We explore a recently proposed effective field theory describing electromagnetically or gravitationally interacting massive particles in an expansion about their mass ratio, also known as the self-force (SF) expansion. By integrating out the deviation of the heavy particle about its inertial trajectory, we obtain an effective action whose only degrees of freedom are the lighter particle together with the photon or graviton, all propagating in a Coulomb or Schwarzschild background. The 0SF dynamics are described by the usual background field method, which at 1SF is supplemented by a “recoil operator” that encodes the wobble of the heavy particle, and similarly computable corrections appearing at 2SF and higher. Our formalism exploits the fact that the analytic expressions for classical backgrounds and particle trajectories encode dynamical information to all orders in the couplings, and from them we extract multiloop integrands for perturbative scattering. As a check, we study the two-loop classical scattering of scalar particles in electromagnetism and gravity, verifying known results. We then present new calculations for the two-loop classical scattering of dyons, and of particles interacting with an additional scalar or vector field coupling directly to the lighter particle but only gravitationally to the heavier particle.
Quantum extremal modular curvature: modular transport with islands
Authors: Aalsma Lars , Keeler Cynthia , Zukowski Claire 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Modular Berry transport is a useful way to understand how geometric bulk information is encoded in the boundary CFT: the modular curvature is directly related to the bulk Riemann curvature. We extend this approach by studying modular transport in the presence of a non-trivial quantum extremal surface. Focusing on JT gravity on an AdS background coupled to a non-gravitating bath, we compute the modular curvature of an interval in the bath in the presence of an island: the Quantum Extremal Modular Curvature (QEMC). We highlight some important properties of the QEMC, most importantly that it is non-local in general. In an OPE limit, the QEMC becomes local and probes the bulk Riemann curvature in regions with an island. Our work gives a new approach to probe physics behind horizons.
Tachyonic production of dark relics: classical lattice vs. quantum 2PI in Hartree truncation
Authors: Kainulainen Kimmo , Nurmi Sami , Väisänen Olli 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study the out-of-equilibrium production of non-minimally coupled self-interacting scalar dark matter during reheating using classical lattice simulations. The outcomes of the classical simulations are in qualitative agreement with the previous results obtained using the quantum 2PI approach in the Hartree truncation. In particular, the novel non-linear resonance found in the 2PI Hartee study is present also in the classical lattice simulations and can dominate the final dark matter yield. For the parameters considered, the difference in final value of the scalar two-point function between the two approaches is a factor of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1).
Tensor networks for black hole interiors: non-isometries, quantum extremal surfaces, and wormholes
Authors: Bueller Gracemarie , DeWolfe Oliver , Higginbotham Kenneth 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We use hyperbolic tensor networks to construct a holographic map for black hole interiors that adds a notion of locality to the non-isometric codes proposed by Akers, Engelhardt, Harlow, Penington, and Vardhan. We use tools provided by these networks to study the relationship between non-isometries and quantum extremal surfaces behind the horizon. Furthermore, we introduce a limited notion of dynamics for these interior tensor networks based on the qudit models introduced by Akers et al., and study the evolution of quantum extremal surfaces in an evaporating black hole. We also find a tensor network description of a wormhole connecting the black hole interior to the radiation, providing a mechanism for interior states and operators to be encoded in the radiation after the Page time. As a particular case, we construct a tensor network realization of the backwards-forwards maps recently proposed to incorporate non-trivial effective dynamics in dynamical constructions of these non-isometric black hole codes.
Asymptotically safe — canonical quantum gravity junction
Authors: Thiemann T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The canonical (CQG) and asymptotically safe (ASQG) approach to quantum gravity share to be both non-perturbative programmes. However, apart from that they seem to differ in several aspects such as: 1. Signature: CQG is Lorentzian while ASQG is mostly Euclidian. 2. Background Independence (BI): CQG is manifesly BI while ASQG is apparently not. 3. Truncations: CQG is apparently free of truncations while ASQG makes heavy use of them.The purpose of the present work is to either overcome actual differences or to explain why apparent differences are actually absent. Thereby we intend to enhance the contact and communication between the two communities. The focus of this contribution is on conceptual issues rather than deep technical details such has high order truncations. On the other hand the paper tries to be self-contained in order to be useful to researchers from both communities.The point of contact is the path integral formulation of Lorentzian CQG in its reduced phase space formulation which yields the formal generating functional of physical (i.e. gauge invariant) either Schwinger or Feynman N-point functions for (relational) observables. The corresponding effective actions of these generating functionals can then be subjected to the ASQG Wetterich type flow equations which serve in particular to find the rigorous generating fuctionals via the inverse Legendre transform of the fixed pointed effective action.
Quantum analog to flapping of flags: interface instability for co-flow binary superfluids
Authors: An Yu-Ping , Li Li , Zeng Hua-Bi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study the interface dynamics in immiscible binary superfluids using its holographic description, which naturally consists of an inviscid superfluid component and a viscous normal fluid component. We give the first theoretical realization of interface instability for two superfluid components moving with identical velocity, providing a quantum analog to the flapping of flags that is common in daily life. This behavior is in sharp contrast to the one from Gross-Pitaevskii equation for which no such co-flow instability develops in an isolated uniform system because of Galilean invariance. The real time evolution triggered by the dynamical instability exhibits intricate nonlinear patterns leading to quantum turbulence reminiscent of the quantum Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Moreover, we show that such interface dynamics is essentially different from the Landau instability for which the frictionless flow becomes thermodynamically unstable above a critical superfluid velocity. Our study uncovers the rich interface dynamics of quantum fluids and the emergence of complex flow phenomena.
Conformal BK equation at QCD Wilson-Fisher point
Authors: Balitsky I. , Chirilli G. A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
High-energy scattering in pQCD in the Regge limit is described by the evolution of Wilson lines governed by the BK equation [1, 2]. In the leading order, the BK equation is conformally invariant and the eigenfunctions of the linearized BFKL equation are powers. It is a common belief that at d ≠ 4 the BFKL equation is useless since unlike d = 4 case it cannot be solved by usual methods. However, we demonstrate that at critical Wilson-Fisher point of QCD the relevant part of NLO BK restores the conformal invariance so the solutions are again powers. As a check of our approach to high-energy amplitudes at the Wilson-Fisher point, we calculate the anomalous dimensions of twist-2 light-ray operators in the Regge limit j → 1.
QCD predictions for vector boson plus hadron production at the LHC
Authors: Caletti S. , Ridder A. Gehrmann-De , Huss A. , Garcia A. Rodriguez , Stagnitto G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The identification of a hadron in the final state of hadron-collider events that feature a leptonically decaying vector boson can provide essential information on the parton content of the colliding protons. Moreover, the study of hadrons inside jets can provide deeper insights into the fragmentation dynamics. We provide theoretical predictions for specific observables involving either the production of a Z boson in association with light charged hadrons inside a jet or the production of a W boson together with a charmed hadron. We present results for various fragmentation functions and compare our predictions with measurements by LHCb and ATLAS at $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 13 TeV. Our predictions are obtained using the antenna subtraction formalism which has been extended to cope with infrared singularities associated to the fragmentation processes in a hadron-collider environment at NLO accuracy.
Geschlechtersensible Gesundheitsindikatoren für die Gesundheitsberichterstattung am Robert Koch-Institut (GBE-GI) – Ein Pilotprojekt im Rahmen der „Joint Action PreventNCD“
Authors: Gencer Hande , Saß Anke-Christine , Prütz Franziska 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungEine auf geschlechtersensiblen Indikatoren basierende Gesundheitsberichterstattung (GBE) kann Aufschluss über Geschlechterungleichheiten geben, die Gesundheitsförderung und Gesundheitsversorgung verbessern, Gender-Mainstreaming fördern sowie relevante Informationen für Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen zur Verfügung stellen. Bisher gibt es kein Set von geschlechtersensiblen Gesundheitsindikatoren für die Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes am Robert Koch-Institut. Im Rahmen der Joint Action Prevent Non-Communicable Diseases sollen in einem Pilotprojekt geschlechtersensible Gesundheitsindikatoren identifiziert, systematisch bewertet und in die Webseite für Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Robert Koch-Instituts integriert werden. Dies geschieht in 3 Arbeitspaketen: In einem Scoping-Review wird zunächst die Evidenzlage zu geschlechtersensiblen Gesundheitsindikatoren sowie zu theoretischen Erklärungsansätzen für Geschlechterungleichheit in EU- und OECD-Mitgliedsstaaten ab 2014 durchleuchtet (Arbeitspaket 1). Darauf aufbauend werden die identifizierten Indikatoren und Erklärungsansätze aufbereitet und in einem strukturierten Konsensprozess im Rahmen eines 3‑stufigen Delphi-Verfahrens bestehend aus einer Fokusgruppendiskussion und einem Online-Survey bewertet und ausgewählt (Arbeitspaket 2). Der systematisch bewertete Indikatorensatz wird schließlich in die Webseite für Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Robert Koch-Instituts integriert (Arbeitspaket 3). Die Ergebnisse werden über Fachpublikationen und Konferenzbeiträge disseminiert.
Twenty-four years of empirical research on trust in AI: a bibliometric review of trends, overlooked issues, and future directions
Authors: Benk Michaela , Kerstan Sophie , von Wangenheim Florian , Ferrario Andrea 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTrust is widely regarded as a critical component to building artificial intelligence (AI) systems that people will use and safely rely upon. As research in this area continues to evolve, it becomes imperative that the research community synchronizes its empirical efforts and aligns on the path toward effective knowledge creation. To lay the groundwork toward achieving this objective, we performed a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, supplemented with a qualitative content analysis of over two decades of empirical research measuring trust in AI, comprising 1’156 core articles and 36’306 cited articles across multiple disciplines. Our analysis reveals several “elephants in the room” pertaining to missing perspectives in global discussions on trust in AI, a lack of contextualized theoretical models and a reliance on exploratory methodologies. We highlight strategies for the empirical research community that are aimed at fostering an in-depth understanding of trust in AI.
Clinical evaluation of a multiplex PCR-based test for joint infection: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study of forty-nine patients
Authors: Lund-Andersen Jacob , Petersen Matilde L. H. , Kostadinov Krassimir , Friis-Hansen Lennart , Calum Henrik , Overgaard Søren 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV)) of the PCR-based BioFire® Joint Infection Panel (BJI Panel) against microbiological culture growth for patients suspected of having a native or prosthetic joint infection.

Methods
Synovial fluid and tissue biopsies were prospectively collected from patients from June 2022 to June 2023. The results of the BJI Panel were compared with those of culture growth.

Results
51 samples were included. Including all pathogens, the sensitivity was 69%, the specificity 89%, the PPV 73% and the NPV 86%. Including only pathogens in the BJI Panel, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity 90%, the PPV 73% and the NPV 100%.

Conclusion
The BJI Panel has a high accuracy for detecting the pathogens in its panel, but the absence of important common pathogens from the panel reduces its sensitivity and NPV. With a short turnaround time and precise pathogen detection, the BJI Panel has the potential to add value as a complementary diagnostic method.
Basal cisternostomy as an adjunct to decompressive hemicraniectomy in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ciobanu-Caraus Olga , Percuoco Veronica , Hofer Anna-Sophie , Sebök Martina , Germans Menno R. , Oertel Markus F. , Regli Luca , Serra Carlo , Staartjes Victor E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Basal cisternostomy (BC) is a surgical technique to reduce intracranial hypertension following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). As the efficacy and safety of BC in patients with TBI has not been well-studied, we aim to summarize the published evidence on the effect of BC as an adjunct to decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) on clinical outcome following moderate to severe TBI.

Methods
A systematic literature review was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify studies evaluating BC as an adjunct to decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) in moderate to severe TBI. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate summary effect estimates.

Results
Eight studies reporting on 1345 patients were included in the qualitative analysis, of which five (1206 patients) were considered for meta-analysis. Overall, study quality was low and clinical heterogeneity was high. Adjuvant BC (BC + DHC) compared to standalone DHC was associated with a reduction in the length of stay in the ICU (Mean difference [MD]: -3.25 days, 95% CI: -5.41 to -1.09 days, p = 0.003), significantly lower mean brain outward herniation (MD: -0.68 cm, 95% CI: -0.90 to -0.46 cm, p < 0.001), reduced odds of requiring osmotherapy (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.41, p = 0.002) as well as decreased odds of mortality at discharge (OR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.4 to 0.96, p = 0.03). Adjuvant BC compared to DHC did not result in higher odds of a favourable neurological outcome (OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 0.95–6.55, p = 0.06) and did not affect mortality at final follow-up (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.17 to 3.74, p = 0.77).

Conclusion
There is insufficient data to demonstrate a potential beneficial effect of adjuvant BC. Despite some evidence for reduced mortality and length of stay, there is no effect on neurological outcome. However, these results need to be interpreted with caution as they carry a high risk of bias due to overall scarcity of published clinical data, technical variations, methodological differences, limited cohort sizes, and a considerable heterogeneity in study design and reported outcomes.
Unraveling the stride: exploring the influence of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension on gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Imbalzano Gabriele , Ledda Claudia , Tangari Marta Maria , Artusi Carlo Alberto , Montanaro Elisa , Rizzone Mario Giorgio , Zibetti Maurizio , Lopiano Leonardo , Romagnolo Alberto 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) and gait impairment are frequent sources of disability in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the impact of nOH on balance and gait features remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the influence of nOH on postural and gait parameters in a cohort of patients with PD by means of wearable inertial sensors.

Methods
Gait and balance were assessed using Opal inertial sensors. nOH was defined as sustained systolic blood pressure (BP) drop ≥ 20 mmHg or diastolic BP drop ≥ 10 mmHg within 3 min of standing, with a ΔHR/ΔSBP ratio ≤ 0.5 bpm/mmHg. Analysis of covariance was performed to evaluate differences in gait/balance features between patients with and without nOH, adjusting for age, cognitive status, and motor disability. Moreover, we performed the same analysis considering the presence of hemodynamically relevant nOH (orthostatic mean BP ≤ 75 mmHg).

Results
A total of 82 patients were enrolled, 26 with nOH (31.7%), of which 13 presented with hemodynamically relevant nOH. After correcting for confounders, nOH was independently associated with lower gait speed (p = 0.027), shorter stride length (p = 0.033), longer time for postural transitions (p = 0.004), and increased postural sway (p = 0.019). These differences were even more pronounced in patients with hemodynamically relevant nOH. Higher postural sway was associated with a 7.9-fold higher odds of falls (p = 0.040).

Conclusions
Our study presents an objective demonstration of the independent negative impact of nOH on gait and balance in PD, emphasizing the need for careful detection and management of nOH to mitigate gait and balance disturbances in PD.
Excision combined with ocular surface reconstruction followed by topical chemotherapy for ocular surface squamous neoplasia
Authors: Nakai Hiroko , Ueda Kosuke , Kitazawa Koji , Fukuoka Hideki , Inatomi Tsutomu , Yokoi Norihiko , Kinoshita Shigeru , Horiguchi Go , Teramukai Satoshi , Sotozono Chie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the visual prognosis of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) after tumor resection and ocular surface reconstruction, and clarify factors that influence recurrence.

Study design
Retrospective cohort study.

Methods
Medical records of all patients who underwent surgical treatment for OSSN at our hospital between January 1996 and December 2019 were reviewed. Tumor size/location, histological classification, surgical procedure, intraoperative mitomycin-C use, and postoperative topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration were examined, and pre and postoperative visual acuity (VA) were compared to elucidate factors that influence disease recurrence.

Results
Tumor excision was performed in 70 eyes of 70 cases (43 men, 27 women; average age: 71.6 ± 12.6 years) with dysplasia (8 eyes), carcinoma in situ (26 eyes), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (36 eyes). Tumors were found in the limbus (N = 59 eyes), palpebral conjunctiva (N = 8 eyes), and from the bulbar to palpebral conjunctiva (N = 3 eyes). Surgical procedures performed were limbal transplantation/keratoepithelioplasty (N = 29 eyes), cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (N = 3 eyes), and auto-conjunctival epithelium transplantation (N = 2 eyes). Ocular surface was reconstructed using amniotic membrane, donor cornea, or cultivated epithelial sheet. The mean follow-up was 38.6 ± 38.6 months (range, 2 months to 13.8 years). VA postoperatively improved in 25 (61.0%) cases. Recurrence occurred in 19 (27.1%) cases at from 2 to 50 months (median: 12.5 months) postoperative. Uni- and multivariate analyses revealed that presurgical tumor size and postoperative administration of 5-FU were significantly related to recurrence.

Conclusion
Combined surgical excision and postoperative topical 5-FU administration effectively prevented OSSN recurrence, and ocular surface reconstruction contributed to improvement of VA.
How Shell Add-On Products Influence Varsity Football Helmet Performance?
Authors: Stark Nicole E.-P. , Begonia Mark T. , Jung Caitlyn , Rowson Steven 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The study purpose was to investigate the laboratory-based performance of three commercially available shell add-on products under varsity-level impact conditions.

Methods
Pendulum impact tests were conducted at multiple locations (front, front boss, rear, side) and speeds (3.1, 4.9, 6.4 m/s) using two helmet models. Tests were performed with a single add-on configuration for baseline comparisons and a double add-on configuration to simulate collisions with both players wearing shell add-ons. A linear mixed-effect model was used to evaluate peak linear acceleration (PLA), peak rotational acceleration (PRA), and concussion risk, which was calculated from a bivariate injury risk function, based on shell add-on and test configuration.

Results
All shell add-ons decreased peak head kinematics and injury risk compared to controls, with the Guardian NXT producing the largest reductions (PLA: 7.9%, PRA: 14.1%, Risk: 34.1%) compared to the SAFR Helmet Cover (PLA: 4.5%, PRA: 9.3%, Risk: 24.7%) and Guardian XT (PLA: 3.2%, PRA: 5.0%, Risk: 15.5%). The same trend was observed in the double add-on test configuration. However, the Guardian NXT (PLA: 17.1%; PRA: 11.5%; Risk: 62.8%) and SAFR Helmet Cover (PLA: 12.2%; PRA: 9.1%; Risk: 52.2%) produced larger reductions in peak head kinematics and injury risk than the Guardian XT (PLA: 5.7%, PRA: 2.2%, Risk: 21.8%).

Conclusion
In laboratory-based assessments that simulated varsity-level impact conditions, the Guardian NXT was associated with larger reductions in PLA, PRA, and injury risk compared to the SAFR Helmet Cover and Guardian XT. Although shell add-ons can enhance head protection, helmet model selection should be prioritized.