bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SgRNA Expression of CRIPSR-Cas9 System Based on MiRNA Polycistrons as a Versatile Tool to Manipulate Multiple and Tissue-Specific Genome Editing
Authors: Xie Chen , Chen Yan-Lian , Wang Dong-Fang , Wang Yi-Lin , Zhang Tian-Peng , Li Hui , Liang Fu , Zhao Yong , Zhang Guang-Ya 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is a next-generation strategy for genetic modifications. Typically, sgRNA is constitutively expressed relying on RNA polymerase III promoters. Polymerase II promoters initiate transcription in a flexible manner, but sgRNAs generated by RNA polymerase II promoter lost their nuclease activity. To express sgRNAs in a tissue-specific fashion and endow CRISPR with more versatile function, a novel system was established in a polycistron, where miRNAs (or shRNAs) and sgRNAs alternately emerged and co-expressed under the control of a single polymerase II promoter. Effective expression and further processing of functional miRNAs and sgRNAs were achieved. The redundant nucleotides adjacent to sgRNA were degraded, and 5′- cap structure was responsible for the compromised nuclease capacity of sgRNA: Cas9 complex. Furthermore, this strategy fulfilled conducting multiplex genome editing, as well as executing neural- specific genome editing and enhancing the proportion of homologous recombination via inhibiting NHEJ pathway by shRNA. In summary, we designed a new construction for efficient expression of sgRNAs with miRNAs (shRNAs) by virtue of RNA polymerase II promoters, which will spur the development of safer, more controllable/regulable and powerful CRISPR/Cas9 system-mediated genome editing in a wide variety of further biomedical applications.
Sexual and non-sexual social preferences in male and female white-eyed bulbuls
Authors: Kabasakal Bekir , Poláček Miroslav , Aslan Aziz , Hoi Herbert , Erdoğan Ali , Griggio Matteo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhile the function of ornaments shaped by sexual selection is to attract mates or drive off rivals, these signals may also evolve through social selection, in which the social context affects the fitness of signallers and receivers. Classical ‘mate choice’ experiments often reveal preferences for ornaments, but few studies have considered whether these are strictly sexual or reflect general social preferences. Indeed, an alternative possibility is that ornaments evolve through ‘non-sexual social selection’ (hereafter ‘social selection’). We examined the role of ornamentation (yellow ventral patch) and familiarity (individuals recognize group mates with which they have had previous interactions) on mate choice (opposite-sex stimuli preference) and social choice (same-sex stimuli preference) in both male and female white-eyed bulbuls (Pycnonotus xanthopygos). In the mate choice test, females preferred unfamiliar males with increased yellow. There were no biologically important differences in male preferences based on familiarity or intensity of patch colour. In the social choice test, females preferred to associate with familiar females. Males preferred to associate with familiar males but also preferred to associate with less ornamented males. Our results suggest that ornamentation and familiarity are important features, playing different roles in males and females, in both social and sexual selection processes.
Observed trends in the magnitude and persistence of monthly temperature variability
Authors: Lenton Timothy M. , Dakos Vasilis , Bathiany Sebastian , Scheffer Marten 
Published: July 2017

AbstractClimate variability is critically important for nature and society, especially if it increases in amplitude and/or fluctuations become more persistent. However, the issues of whether climate variability is changing, and if so, whether this is due to anthropogenic forcing, are subjects of ongoing debate. Increases in the amplitude and persistence of temperature fluctuations have been detected in some regions, e.g. the North Pacific, but there is no agreed global signal. Here we systematically scan monthly surface temperature indices and spatial datasets to look for trends in variance and autocorrelation (persistence). We show that monthly temperature variability and autocorrelation increased over 1957–2002 across large parts of the North Pacific, North Atlantic, North America and the Mediterranean. Furthermore, (multi)decadal internal climate variability appears to influence trends in monthly temperature variability and autocorrelation. Historically-forced climate models do not reproduce the observed trends in temperature variance and autocorrelation, consistent with the models poorly capturing (multi)decadal internal climate variability. Based on a review of established spatial correlations and corresponding mechanistic ‘teleconnections’ we hypothesise that observed slowing down of sea surface temperature variability contributed to observed increases in land temperature variability and autocorrelation, which in turn contributed to persistent droughts in North America and the Mediterranean.
CD300f:IL-5 cross-talk inhibits adipose tissue eosinophil homing and subsequent IL-4 production
Authors: Rozenberg Perri , Reichman Hadar , Zab-Bar Israel , Itan Michal , Pasmanik-Chor Metsada , Bouffi Carine , Qimron Udi , Bachelet Ido , Fulkerson Patricia C. , Rothenberg Marc E. , Munitz Ariel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEosinophils and their associated cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 are emerging as central orchestrators of the immune-metabolic axis. Herein, we demonstrate that cross-talk between the Ig-superfamily receptor CD300f and IL-5 is a key checkpoint that modifies the ability of eosinophils to regulate metabolic outcomes. Generation ofIl5Tg/Cd300f−/−mice revealed marked and distinct increases in eosinophil levels and their production of IL-4 in the white and brown adipose tissues. Consequently,Il5Tg/Cd300f−/−mice had increased alternatively activated macrophage accumulation in the adipose tissue.Cd300f−/−mice displayed age-related accumulation of eosinophils and macrophages in the adipose tissue and decreased adipose tissue weight, which was associated with decreased diet-induced weight gain and insulin resistance. Notably,Il5Tg/CD300f−/−were protected from diet-induced weight gain and glucose intolerance. These findings highlight the cross-talk between IL-5 receptor and CD300f as a novel pathway regulating adipose tissue eosinophils and offer new entry points for therapeutic intervention for obesity and its complications.
Recent Developments of Manganese Complexes for Catalytic
Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Maji Biplab , Barman Milan 
Published: July 2017

Being the third most abundant transition metal in the Earth’s crust (after iron and titanium) and less toxic, reactions catalyzed by manganese are becoming very important. A large number of manganese complexes have been synthesized using bidentate and tridentate ligands. Such manganese complexes display excellent catalytic activities for various important organic transformations, such as hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, dehydrogenative coupling, transfer hydrogenation reactions, etc. In this short review, recent developments of such manganese-catalyzed reactions are presented.1	Introduction2	Well-Defined Manganese-Complex-Catalyzed Hydrogenation Reactions2.1	Hydrogenation of Nitriles2.2	Hydrogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones2.3	Hydrogenation of Esters2.4	Hydrogenation of Amides2.5	Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide3	Manganese-Catalyzed Dehydrogenation Reactions3.1	Selective Dehydrogenation of Methanol3.2	Dehydrogenative N-Formylation of Amines by Methanol3.3	Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions of Alcohols3.4	Imine Synthesis via Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols and Amines3.5	Synthesis of N-Heterocycles via Dehydrogenative Coupling4	Manganese-Catalyzed Dehydrogenation–Hydrogenation Cascades4.1	N-Alkylation of Amines with Primary Alcohols4.2	α-Alkylation of Ketones with Primary Alcohols4.3	Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones5	Conclusion
Sonographic and Doppler Sonographic Diagnosis of Neonatal Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Deeg Karl-Heinz 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChildren are particularly at risk for stroke in the neonatal period. 1/3 of all strokes in children occur during the perinatal period. The incidence of perinatal stroke is 1:4000. A differentiation is made between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic strokes are caused by arterial occlusion due to thrombosis or embolism. As a result of the nonspecific clinical symptoms in this age group, diagnosis is usually made too late. The only relatively specific symptom is focal cerebral seizure during the first week of life. Therefore, stroke should be ruled out by diagnostic imaging in the case of any seizure in the first days of life. Although the diagnostic method of choice is MRI, it is not always available. Most neonatal ischemic strokes can be detected with high-resolution duplex ultrasound. On ultrasound, ischemic stroke appears as a wedge-shaped focal increase in echogenicity in the supply region of an artery, typically the middle cerebral artery. The corresponding arterial inflow can be visualized with duplex ultrasound and measured with spectral Doppler. Doppler ultrasound can be used to differentiate between complete occlusion and severe stenosis. The success of therapeutic measures can be determined in the further course with Doppler ultrasound on the basis of the recanalization of vessels and the morphological consequences of stroke (cyst formation due to liquefactive necrosis).
Embodied motivations for abstract in and on constructions
Authors: Johansson Falck Marlene 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This chapter investigates the relationship between abstract in and on constructions (i.e. grammatical form and meaning pairings (Langacker 1987: 409; Goldberg 2006: 3) and body-world knowledge. Abstract in and on instances retrieved from the British National Corpus (BNC) are analyzed to identify what types of abstract concepts are construed as containing entities (used with the English preposition/particle in) and what types of abstract concepts are construed as objects/supporting surfaces (used with the preposition/particle on). Analyses show that abstract in and on constructions fall into families of constructions that refer to related concepts, and that these, in turn, are connected with specific types of embodied experiences. Body-world knowledge thus provides a principled way of explaining the constructions.
Multimodal constructional resemblance
Authors: Zima Elisabeth 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This chapter approaches the topic of constructional families by zooming in on five English motion constructions. Contrary to the traditional focus of Construction Grammar on verbal form-meaning pairings, the chapter discusses their multimodal dimension. A study in the NewsScape Library of Television News Broadcasts (Steen and Turner 2013) reveals that all five motion constructions studied therein show high co-occurrence rates with manner and path gestures. It is argued that according to the basic premises of Construction Grammar and the usage-based approach, co-speech motion gesture use is a defining part of these constructions. In support of this view, the chapter focuses on the influence of semantic readings, genre, and the broader discourse sequences’ degree of interactionality on co-speech motion gesture use.
“I Feel Like I've Hit the Bottom and have no Idea what to Do”: Supportive Social Networking on Reddit for Individuals with a Desire to Quit Cannabis Use
Authors: Sowles Shaina J. , Krauss Melissa J. , Gebremedhn Lewam , Cavazos-Rehg Patricia A. 
Published: July 2017

Background Online communities can provide social support to those in need and can foster personal empowerment for individuals experiencing distress. This study examines the content of a Reddit community dedicated to the support of people trying to quit using cannabis, in order to develop an understanding of the type of social networking occurring on this subreddit (e.g., community). Methods A total of 100 Reddit posts and their replies (i.e., comments) were collected from the subreddit on June 12, 2015. Posts were qualitatively coded for expression of DSM-5 ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) symptoms of cannabis use disorder (CUD) as well as other prominently featured themes. Comments on posts where individuals were seeking support/advice were also coded. Results Ninety-one people posted the 100 Reddit posts, and of those 35 (38%) people described enough symptoms to be classified as mild disorder severity, 15 (16%) moderate, and 11 (12%) severe, as outlined in the diagnostic criteria for CUD. Over half of posts ( n = 51) were seeking advice and/or support from members of the community. There were 174 comments made by 108 unique people on the advice/support seeking posts. Most were supportive/encouraging in nature (140, 80%) and gave advice to the post author (126, 72%). Conclusions This exploratory research highlights the potential of online communities as tools for individuals coping with addiction recovery, and future research should investigate if involvement in such communities would be a beneficial supplement to more traditional recovery practices.
Large-scale phenomics analysis of a T-DNA tagged mutant population
Authors: Wu Hshin-Ping , Wei Fu-Jin , Wu Cheng-Chieh , Lo Shuen-Fang , Chen Liang-Jwu , Fan Ming-Jen , Chen Shu , Wen Ien-Chie , Yu Su-May , Ho Tuan-Hua David , Lai Ming-Hsin , Hsing Yue-ie C. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Rice, Oryza sativa L., is one of the most important crops in the world. With the rising world population, feeding people in a more sustainable and environmentally friendly way becomes increasingly important. Therefore, the rice research community needs to share resources to better understand the functions of rice genes that are the foundation for future agricultural biotechnology development, and one way to achieve this goal is via the extensive study of insertional mutants. We have constructed a large rice insertional mutant population in a japonica rice variety, Tainung 67. The collection contains about 93000 mutant lines, among them 85% with phenomics data and 65% with flanking sequence data. We screened the phenotypes of 12 individual plants for each line grown under field conditions according to 68 subcategories and 3 quantitative traits. Both phenotypes and integration sites are searchable in the Taiwan Rice Insertional Mutants Database. Detailed analyses of phenomics data, T-DNA flanking sequences, and whole-genome sequencing data for rice insertional mutants can lead to the discovery of novel genes. In addition, studies of mutant phenotypes can reveal relationships among varieties, cultivation locations, and cropping seasons.
Evaluating the effectiveness of real-time closures for reducing susceptibility of small fish to capture
Authors: Woods Pamela J , Þór Elvarsson Bjarki , Sigurdsson Thorsteinn , Stefánsson Gunnar 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Real-time spatial management in fisheries, a type of dynamic ocean management, uses nearly real-time data collection and dissemination to reduce susceptibility of certain species or age classes to being caught in mixed fisheries. However, as with many fisheries regulations, it is difficult to assess whether such a regulation can produce tangible results on population dynamics. In this study, we take advantage of a rare opportunity in which data regarding real-time closures (RTCs) are available for 1990–2014 alongside annual estimates of fishing mortality for three species (Atlantic cod, haddock, and herring) and catch for four species (all plus saithe) in Icelandic fisheries management. We use time series analyses to assess whether RTCs work as expected and yield a lower susceptibility of small fish to being caught, indicated by lower catch levels and selectivities (as estimated from fishing mortalities) in years with more closures. Results indicate that haddock and herring followed this pattern, but only under conditions of generally high fishing mortality. This study represents the first time evidence has been presented that real-time fishery closures can have a beneficial effect on population dynamics, but also suggests that results differ among species.
Reversal of Ticagrelor-Induced Arrhythmias and Cheyne–Stokes Respiration With Aminophylline Infusion
Authors: Conte Lorenzo , Pugliese Nicola R. , Giannoni Alberto 
Published: July 2017

Abstract:
Dyspnea and bradyarrhythmias are frequent adverse effects (AEs) of ticagrelor. AEs commonly occur within the first week of therapy, are dose related and usually mild, but sometimes they may cause drug discontinuation. Currently, the exact mechanisms of ticagrelor-related AEs have not been definitively explained. In addition to the prevalent theory of adenosine overload, other reasonable mechanism like a direct central stimulation hypothesis was suggested. We present a case of incessant Cheyne–Stokes respiration associated with heart rate instability in patient with congestive heart failure and non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, supporting the use of aminophylline as a potential reversal agent of ticagrelor-related AEs.
Corynebacterium striatum as an Unusual Case of Endocarditis in an Intravenous Drug User: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hosseini Dehkordi Seyed Hamed , Lee Shawn , Aponte Johat , Stavropoulos Christine 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A 59-year-old man, with a history of intravenous drug use, was admitted for 1 week of intermittent fever after a year of recurrent bouts of cellulitis. He quickly defervesced on empiric antibiotic therapy. Admission blood cultures were positive for Corynebacterium striatum as were wound cultures, which also grew methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. A holosystolic murmur was heard. His transthoracic echocardiogram showed mitral valve prolapse, regurgitation, and a flail leaflet. The transesophageal echocardiogram revealed small perforations and a vegetation of the mitral valve. The endocarditis was successfully treated with surgical repair of the mitral valve and 6 weeks of intravenous vancomycin. Corynebacterium striatum is an unusual cause of endocarditis. It should not be dismissed as a contaminant in patients with risk factors for endocarditis.
Tubo-Ovarian Abscess Caused by Pasteurella multocida in a Young, Intrauterine Device–Wearing Woman Without Animal Contact
Authors: Pál Zoltán , Terhes Gabriella , Szűcs Márta , Urbán Edit 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Tubo-ovarian abscesses are usually caused by anaerobic bacteria alone or in mixed infection. Here, we report about a successfully treated 29-year-old patient with bilateral tubo-ovarian abscess caused by Pasteurella multocida. She had no exposure to animals. After the removal of a 1-year-old copper-T intrauterine device at the time of hospitalization, total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed by laparotomy because of the level of the inflammatory lesion of both ovaries. After the administration of antibiotic combination, the patient was discharged home on the fifth postoperative day. In the setting of a tubo-ovarian abscess, rare zoonotic pathogens, such as P. multocida, should also be considered as a causative agent of the infectious process even in the absence of direct or indirect contact with animals. It seems that the asymptomatic colonization of the vagina and the intrauterine device with P. multocida may happen also from unknown origin of the environment with the consequences of severe pelvic infection with tubo-ovarian abscess formation.
Planning low-carbon electricity systems under uncertainty considering operational flexibility and smart grid technologies
Authors: Moreno Rodrigo , Street Alexandre , Arroyo José M. , Mancarella Pierluigi 
Published: July 2017

Electricity grid operators and planners need to deal with both the rapidly increasing integration of renewables and an unprecedented level of uncertainty that originates from unknown generation outputs, changing commercial and regulatory frameworks aimed to foster low-carbon technologies, the evolving availability of market information on feasibility and costs of various technologies, etc. In this context, there is a significant risk of locking-in to inefficient investment planning solutions determined by current deterministic engineering practices that neither capture uncertainty nor represent the actual operation of the planned infrastructure under high penetration of renewables. We therefore present an alternative optimization framework to plan electricity grids that deals with uncertain scenarios and represents increased operational details. The presented framework is able to model the effects of an array of flexible, smart grid technologies that can efficiently displace the need for conventional solutions. We then argue, and demonstrate via the proposed framework and an illustrative example, that proper modelling of uncertainty and operational constraints in planning is key to valuing operationally flexible solutions leading to optimal investment in a smart grid context. Finally, we review the most used practices in power system planning under uncertainty, highlight the challenges of incorporating operational aspects and advocate the need for new and computationally effective optimization tools to properly value the benefits of flexible, smart grid solutions in planning. Such tools are essential to accelerate the development of a low-carbon energy system and investment in the most appropriate portfolio of renewable energy sources and complementary enabling smart technologies.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Energy management: flexibility, risk and optimization’.
Isoflurane reduces feedback in the fruit fly brain
Authors: Cohen Dror , Swinderen Bruno van , Tsuchiya Naotsugu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHierarchically organized brains communicate through feedforward and feedback pathways. In mammals, feedforward and feedback are mediated by higher and lower frequencies during wakefulness. Feedback is preferentially impaired by general anesthetics. This suggests feedback serves critical functions in waking brains. The brain ofDrosophila melanogaster(fruit fly) is also hierarchically organized, but the presence of feedback in these brains is not established. Here we studied feedback in the fruit fly brain, by simultaneously recording local field potentials (LFPs) from low-order peripheral structures and higher-order central structures. Directed connectivity analysis revealed that low frequencies (0.1-5Hz) mediated feedback from the center to the periphery, while higher frequencies (10-45Hz) mediated feedforward in the opposite direction. Further, isoflurane anesthesia preferentially reduced feedback. Our results imply that similar spectral characteristics of feedforward and feedback may be a signature of hierarchically organized brains and that general anesthetics may induce unresponsiveness by targeting the mechanisms that support feedback.