bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Hydrochloric Acid To Remove Filter-Cake Damage From Preformed Particle Gel During Conformance-Control Treatments
Authors: Imqam Abdulmohsin , Bai Baojun , Wei Mingzhen , Elue Hilary , Muhammed Farag A. 
Published: April 2016

Summary
Millimeter-sized (10-µm to mm) preformed particle gel (PPG) has been used to control water flow through superhigh-permeability zones and fracture zones in mature oil fields. When the PPG is extruded into target zones, the gel can form a cake on the surface of low-permeability, unswept formations. This cake reduces the effectiveness of conformance control and the amount of oil that can be recovered from unswept oil formations. Thus, this study evaluated the effectiveness of using hydrochloric acid (HCl) to remove gel cakes induced during conformance-control treatments.
The interactions between HCl and PPG were evaluated to understand the swelling, deswelling, and gel strength after adding acid. A Hassler core holder was then used to determine the core permeability after gel and acid treatments. Gels swollen in brine concentrations of 0.05, 1, and 10% were injected into a sandstone core having a variety of permeabilities. Brine was then injected in cycles through the gel into the core. The core permeability was measured after the gel-particle injection and after the core surface of the gel cake was soaked in the acid solution for 12 hours. The results indicate that particles swollen in brine concentrations of 0.05% caused more damage than those swollen in higher concentrations of brine. The damage increased as the core permeability increased for all the swollen gels. HCl removed the gel cake effectively; varying the HCl concentration did not cause a significant difference in the gel-cake removal efficiency. The gel was found to swell much less in HCl solutions than in brine. After the gel was deswollen in acid, the gel strengths were found to be higher than when the gel was swollen in brine. This work concludes that HCl can be used effectively to mitigate the damage induced by PPGs.
Supramolecular Fluid of Associative Polymer and Viscoelastic Surfactant for Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Yang Jiang , Cui Weixiang , Guan Baoshan , Lu Yongjun , Qiu Xiaohui , Yang Zhanwei , Qin Wenlong 
Published: April 2016

Summary
This paper details the study of a new fracturing fluid that is based on a supramolecular complex between associative polymer and viscoelastic surfactant (VES). The crosslinked complex gel was based on weak physical attractive forces, such as van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction between associative polymer and wormlike micelles of VES. The concentration of surfactant in the new fluid is 10 times less than that of VES fracturing fluid. The combination of VES and associative polymer synergistically enhances the viscosity to several times more than that of the individual components alone. The fluid system was optimized by experimental design. The microstructure of wormlike micelles and complex formation was verified by electron microscopy. The fluid is shear stable at high temperature for 1 hour. The dynamic rheological properties of the supramoleulcar fluid show high viscoelasticity, in which the elastic moduli are higher than the loss moduli below an angular frequency of 0.1 rad/s. The proppant-transport test in a large-scale fracture simulator showed good proppant-suspension ability. The fluid has 50% lower formation damage than conventional guar. The fluid was prepared with fewer additives, formed gel instantly, and can be mixed on the fly in the field. The gel can be completely broken with almost no residue. Field application of the new fracturing fluid in a gas well showed the enhancement of gas production by more than 100%. The fluid has 20% lower friction pressure than guar fluid. Hence, the new supramolecular fluid is an effective fracturing fluid.
Discussion on Potential Problems Due To Methane Invasion in OBM While Overbalanced
Authors: Petersen Johnny , Carlsen Liv A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
When a well, in "safe" overbalance in a reservoir zone, is left undisturbed for a period of time with oil based mud (OBM), methane will diffuse into the OBM. The rate of methane diffusion is a function of temperature, pressure, the reservoir and OBM characteristics, and the condition of the near well region. "The condition of the near well region" includes the extent of the invasion zone of the drilling mud, the mud cake, and the porosity of the formation. The reservoir type will also influence the amount of the diffusion; a pure gas reservoir will cause higher diffusion than an oil reservoir.
For a given drilling history, OBM description and reservoir description, it is possible, by using a diffusion solver, to compute the amount of methane invading the OBM as a function of time.
In long horizontal reservoirs, this could add up to a large amount of methane. This paper will address the dynamics of circulating the methane contaminated OBM. Although there could be a large amount of methane, the methane is distributed over a large volume of OBM with, in some cases, a small concentration at any given position. The problem that occurs is that the methane is of such low concentration that it is nearly "invisible" until the methane starts boiling out of the OBM in the riser, casing a possible domino effect after the BOP. This could dramatically reduce the bottom hole pressure during circulation.
This paper will discuss the elements of computing methane diffusion rates in a well drilled with OBM, and the dynamics of circulating the contaminated mud out of the well. A dynamic well simulator containing a chemical equation of state solver will be used on an example well to illustrate the possible problems and solutions when circulating OBM with diffused methane. By using proper physics and chemistry simulation tools it is possible to predict and avert dangerous situations.
Metabolomics in Prediabetes and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Guasch-Ferré Marta , Hruby Adela , Toledo Estefanía , Clish Clary B. , Martínez-González Miguel A. , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Hu Frank B. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review of cross-sectional and prospective human studies evaluating metabolite markers identified using high-throughput metabolomics techniques on prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through August 2015. We conducted a qualitative review of cross-sectional and prospective studies. Additionally, meta-analyses of metabolite markers, with data estimates from at least three prospective studies, and type 2 diabetes risk were conducted, and multivariable-adjusted relative risks of type 2 diabetes were calculated per study-specific SD difference in a given metabolite.

RESULTS
We identified 27 cross-sectional and 19 prospective publications reporting associations of metabolites and prediabetes and/or type 2 diabetes. Carbohydrate (glucose and fructose), lipid (phospholipids, sphingomyelins, and triglycerides), and amino acid (branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, glycine, and glutamine) metabolites were higher in individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with control subjects. Prospective studies provided evidence that blood concentrations of several metabolites, including hexoses, branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, phospholipids, and triglycerides, were associated with the incidence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. We meta-analyzed results from eight prospective studies that reported risk estimates for metabolites and type 2 diabetes, including 8,000 individuals of whom 1,940 had type 2 diabetes. We found 36% higher risk of type 2 diabetes per study-specific SD difference for isoleucine (pooled relative risk 1.36 [1.24–1.48]; I2 = 9.5%), 36% for leucine (1.36 [1.17–1.58]; I2 = 37.4%), 35% for valine (1.35 [1.19–1.53]; I2 = 45.8%), 36% for tyrosine (1.36 [1.19–1.55]; I2 = 51.6%), and 26% for phenylalanine (1.26 [1.10–1.44]; I2 = 56%). Glycine and glutamine were inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk (0.89 [0.81–0.96] and 0.85 [0.82–0.89], respectively; both I2 = 0.0%).

CONCLUSIONS
In studies using high-throughput metabolomics, several blood amino acids appear to be consistently associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Smoking and the Risk of LADA: Results From a Swedish Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Rasouli Bahareh , Andersson Tomas , Carlsson Per-Ola , Grill Valdemar , Groop Leif , Martinell Mats , Storm Petter , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Carlsson Sofia 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Smoking is an established risk factor for type 2 diabetes. In contrast, it has been proposed that smoking may reduce the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), but studies are scarce. We aimed to study the impact of smoking on LADA and type 2 diabetes risks.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used data from a Swedish case-control study including incident case patients with LADA (GAD antibody [GADA] positive, n = 377) and type 2 diabetes (GADA negative, n = 1,188) and control subjects randomly selected from the population (n = 1,472). We calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs by logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, family history of diabetes, and alcohol consumption.

RESULTS
There was no indication of reduced risk of LADA in smokers; instead, heavy smoking was associated with an increased risk of LADA (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.02–1.84). Heavy smokers had higher levels of HOMA of insulin resistance (9.89 vs. 4.38, P = 0.0479) and HOMA of β-cell function (55.7 vs. 42.5, P = 0.0204), but lower levels of GADA (75 vs. 250, P = 0.0445), compared with never smokers. Smokers also displayed an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (OR in ever smokers 1.53, 95% CI 1.25–1.88).

CONCLUSIONS
In this large population of LADA patients, we did not observe a protective effect of smoking on autoimmunity and the risk of LADA. A protective effect could possibly be masked by a smoking-induced aggravation of insulin resistance, akin to the diabetogenic effect seen in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Avascular Necrosis after Oral Corticosteroids in Otolaryngology: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kennedy Patrick , Bassiouni Ahmed , Psaltis Alkis , Antisdel Jastin , Brunworth Joseph 
Published: April 2016

Objective In this report, we present a rare case of avascular necrosis (AVN) in an otherwise healthy 42-year-old male patient treated with low dose oral corticosteroids for his bronchitis. A systematic review of the literature related to AVN and corticosteroids was performed. Case Report Forty-two-year-old male with no underlying conditions predisposing him to AVN who had been treated four years before for chronic bronchitis with two courses of oral prednisone therapy presented with bilateral AVN of the hips. Methods An OVID database search of the terms “low total dose,” “corticosteroids,” and “avascular necrosis” was performed. Two PubMed searches of various permutations of “low-dose,” “corticosteroids,” “avascular necrosis,” and “osteonecrosis” were also performed. Results were then narrowed to relevant articles. Results Median total dose of oral corticosteroids in patients with AVN in reviewed articles was 981 mg, with lowest reported association at 105 mg. Median duration of therapy was 16 days with shortest course of six days. Conclusion There is emerging data linking AVN with corticosteroid doses previously thought to be safe. After reviewing the relevant literature, it is our consensus to inform all patients regarding AVN before oral corticosteroid use.
Newborn Nasal Obstruction due to Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis
Authors: Serrano Thiago L. I. , Pfeilsticker Leopoldo , Silva Vanessa , Hazboun Igor , Paschoal Jorge , Maunsell Rebecca , Sakano Eulalia 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Nasal obstruction is an important condition that can lead to severe respiratory distress in newborns. There are several differential diagnoses, and one of them is congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS). CNPAS is a rare case of respiratory distress caused by excessive growth of the nasal process of the maxilla and leads to narrowing of the anterior third of the nasal cavity. Diagnosis, associated anomalies, and treatment strategies are reviewed by the following presentation of two cases. Case Presentation We report two cases of infants diagnosed with CNPAS. The patients in the first case had no concomitant comorbidities, and the outcome was successful after surgical correction of stenosis. The patient in the second case had an associated holoprosencephaly, and although surgical correction and nasal cavity patency, the patient remains dependent on tracheostomy due to dysphagia and neurologic impairment. Discussion Airway obstruction affects 1 in 5000 children, and CNPAS is a diagnosis frequently forgotten and even unknown to neonatal and pediatric intensivists. Newborns are obligate nasal breathers, and, nasal obstruction, therefore, can lead to severe respiratory distress. CNPAS is not only rare but, many times, is not easily recognized. It is important to bear in mind the diagnostic criteria when evaluating infants with nasal obstruction. Conservative treatment should be prioritized, but surgical treatment is required in severe cases with failure to thrive and persistent respiratory distress. Respiratory distress and dysphagia may persist to some degree despite correction of the stenotic pyriform aperture due to associated narrowing of the entire nasal cavity and association with other anomalies. Final Comments CNPAS is a rare condition and may be lethal in newborns. Differential diagnosis of nasal obstruction must be remembered to recognize this anomaly, and the otolaryngologist must be familiarized with this condition and its diagnosis. Precise surgical treatment in severe cases have high rates of success in children without other comorbidities.
Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Laser Turbinate Reduction in the Management of Allergic Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy: Our Experience
Authors: Vijayakumar Sabarinath , Divakaran Shilpa , Parida Pradipta Kumar , Gopalakrishnan Suriyanarayanan 
Published: April 2016

Background Allergic inferior turbinate hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of nasal obstruction. Several surgical methods can be used for the reduction of allergic inferior turbinate hypertrophy refractory to medical management. Herein, we share our experience with a potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser, which is a relatively novel technique for turbinate reduction. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of KTP laser turbinate reduction in terms of symptomatic improvement and its effect on nasal mucociliary clearance. Methods This study was conducted in the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India, from November 2012 to July 2013. Thirty patients with inferior turbinate hypertrophy refractory to medical management were selected. A KTP laser was used at 6 W in continuous mode, with a spot size of 0.6–1 mm, and energy delivered through a 400–μm optical fiber. A follow-up was done at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. All the values (both by the Sino Nasal Outcome Test scoring system and saccharine transit time) were assessed before surgery and at each follow-up visit. Results The patients showed significant differences in the symptoms (p < 0.0001) at each follow-up. The mean saccharin transit time showed significant prolongation during the first week and first month after surgery, which indicated adverse effects on the mucociliary system (p < 0.0001). This, however, was a temporary effect, and the mean saccharin time returned to normal limits (17.96 minutes) at the third postoperative month. The mean operative time was 11.62 minutes. The procedure was not associated with any serious intra- or postoperative complications. Conclusion KTP laser turbinate reduction is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive procedure in the treatment of allergic inferior turbinate hypertrophy, with a minimal effect on the nasal mucosa. It can be done as an office procedure, with minimal complications.
THE AGE OF THE DIRECTLY IMAGED PLANET HOST STAR
κ
ANDROMEDAE DETERMINED FROM INTERFEROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Jones Jeremy , White R. J. , Quinn S. , Ireland M. , Boyajian T. , Schaefer G. , Baines E. K. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

κ Andromedae, an early-type star that hosts a directly imaged low-mass companion, is expected to be oblate due to its rapid rotational velocity (v sin i = ∼162 km s−1). We observed the star with the CHARA Array’s optical beam combiner, PAVO, measuring its size at multiple orientations and determining its oblateness. The interferometric measurements, combined with photometry and this v sin i value are used to constrain an oblate star model that yields the fundamental properties of the star and finds a rotation speed that is ∼85% of the critical rate and a low inclination of ∼30°. Three modeled properties (the average radius, bolometric luminosity, and equatorial velocity) are compared to MESA evolution models to determine an age and mass for the star. In doing so, we determine an age for the system of

47

−
40

+
27

Myr. Based on this age and previous measurements of the companion’s temperature, the BHAC15 evolution models imply a mass for the companion of

22

−
9

+
8

M
J.
DISCOVERY OF AN EXTRAORDINARY NUMBER OF RED SUPERGIANTS IN THE INNER GALAXY
Authors: Messineo Maria , Zhu Qingfeng , Menten Karl M. , Ivanov Valentin D. , Figer Donald F. , Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Chen C.-H. Rosie 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
In this Letter, we present a search for Galactic red supergiant stars (RSGs) in the direction of the inner Galaxy. A total of 94 targets selected from the 2MASS and GLIMPSE I North catalogs—via their blue extinction-free Q1 and Q2 colors—were spectroscopically observed at infrared wavelengths (in the H- and K-bands at R ∼ 1000), and an extraordinary high detection rate of RSGs (

>
61
%

) was found. We identified spectroscopically 58 RSGs, based on their flat continua and large equivalent widths of the CO-band at 2.293 μm (EW > 45 Å). This increase corresponds to about 25% of previously known RSGs in the Galactic region 10° < l < 60°, −1.°1 < b < 1.°1. In order to confirm the location of the new RSGs in the inner Galaxy, distances were estimated for a subsample of 47 stars with the clump method and found to range from 3.6 ± 0.4 to 8.6 ± 0.7 kpc. The large new sample will allow us to investigate Galactic metallicity gradients as a function of galactocentric distances and azimuthal angles. Such information is currently an highly disputed issue to constrain models of Galaxy formation and evolution.
BENCHMARK TRANSITING BROWN DWARF LHS 6343 C: SPITZER SECONDARY ECLIPSE OBSERVATIONS YIELD BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AND MID-T SPECTRAL CLASS
Authors: Montet Benjamin T. , Johnson John Asher , Fortney Jonathan J. , Desert Jean-Michel 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
There are no field brown dwarf analogs with measured masses, radii, and luminosities, precluding our ability to connect the population of transiting brown dwarfs with measurable masses and radii and field brown dwarfs with measurable luminosities and atmospheric properties. LHS 6343 C, a weakly irradiated brown dwarf transiting one member of an M+M binary in the Kepler field, provides the first opportunity to probe the atmosphere of a non-inflated brown dwarf with a measured mass and radius. Here, we analyze four Spitzer observations of secondary eclipses of LHS 6343 C behind LHS 6343 A. Jointly fitting the eclipses with a Gaussian process noise model of the instrumental systematics, we measure eclipse depths of 1.06 ± 0.21 ppt at 3.6 μm and 2.09 ± 0.08 ppt at 4.5 μm, corresponding to brightness temperatures of 1026 ± 57 K and 1249 ± 36 K, respectively. We then apply brown dwarf evolutionary models to infer a bolometric luminosity

log
(

L

⋆

/

L

⊙

)
=
−
5.16
±
0.04

. Given the known physical properties of the brown dwarf and the two M dwarfs in the LHS 6343 system, these depths are consistent with models of a 1100 K T dwarf at an age of 5 Gyr and empirical observations of field T5-6 dwarfs with temperatures of 1070 ± 130 K. We investigate the possibility that the orbit of LHS 6343 C has been altered by the Kozai–Lidov mechanism and propose additional astrometric or Rossiter–McLaughlin measurements of the system to probe the dynamical history of the system.
Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Platygastroidea
Authors: Buhl Peter , Broad Gavin , Notton David 
Published: April 2016

A revised checklist of the British and Irish Platygastroidea (Platygastridae) substantially updates the previous comprehensive checklist, dating from 1978. Distribution data (i.e. occurrence in England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland and the Isle of Man) is reported where known.
A total of 381 British and Irish Platygastroidea represents a 47% increase on the number of British and Irish species reported in 1978.
La responsabilité sociale des entreprises de la bonne intention à la discipline de gestion
Authors: Dutton Robert , Larouche Daniel 
Published: April 2016

La notion de responsabilité sociale des entreprises n’a rien de neuf. Dès 1953, l’économiste et moraliste américain Howard Bowen faisait état de l’obligation de « mettre en œuvre des politiques, de prendre des décisions ou de suivre les orientations qui sont désirables en ce qui concerne les objectifs et les valeurs de notre société ». Pourquoi alors parle-t-on aujourd’hui de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises, ou RSE, comme d’une innovation ?
L’avenir appartient aux portefeuilles mobiles
Authors: Bournival Geneviève 
Published: April 2016

Les nouvelles technologies permettent désormais aux consommateurs de payer autrement les biens et services qu’ils achètent : avec leur appareil mobile. L’article de Bob Violino intitulé « Payments on the go », publié dans le CFO Magazine le 13 mai 2015, dresse un portrait de cette nouvelle tendance sur le marché.
Collaborer et réussir en tant que membre d’un comité exécutif
Authors: Neatby Jacques , Bournival Geneviève 
Published: April 2016

Pour qu’une organisation atteigne ses objectifs, les dirigeants qui se rapportent directement au PDG doivent savoir collaborer. Or, l’environnement hautement politique d’un comité exécutif est souvent plus propice aux conflits qu’à la collaboration. Quelles sont les tactiques que peuvent alors adopter les dirigeants s’ils veulent mieux collaborer afin d’assurer le succès de leur entreprise ?
S.O.S. leadership : prière de ne pas tuer vos employés !
Authors: Gaudet Marie-Claude , Bertholet Jean-François 
Published: April 2016

Qualifié de nouveau « mal du siècle », le stress au travail est désormais bien présent dans tous les milieux professionnels. Rattrapées par cette réalité et par les coûts faramineux qu’elle occasionne, plusieurs entreprises prennent un « virage santé ». Cela dit, l’implantation de ces pratiques ne suffit pas à assurer l’intégration durable de la notion du bien-être des employés. En effet, aucune démarche ne peut faire l’économie de s’intéresser à l’acteur qui, ultimement, a le plus fort impact sur le personnel : le gestionnaire !