bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic signal and potential for invasiveness
Authors: Raje Kapil R. , Ferris Virginia R. , Holland Jeffrey D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe hypothesized that the evolutionary stability of insect traits relevant to invasion risk can be used to characterize this risk and the confidence in assigning potential invasiveness.Different longhorned beetle species have biological trait combinations (diet breadth, host tree condition and adult feeding) that predispose them to different degrees of potential invasiveness if introduced outside their native range. Relevant biological information is often not available for newly introduced species; however, the approach described in the present study could rapidly allow risk to be assigned to such discoveries.To test this approach, we used a molecular phylogeny for 56 species ofCerambycidae from five subfamilies to measure phylogenetic signal associated with invasive traits. The biological traits were used to cluster species into seven hypothesized risk groups. Mapping these risk designations back onto the phylogeny allowed us to examine the risk within clades at different taxonomic levels and the stability of the risk designation.We used additional species known to be non‐native invasive problems to test our framework. Our method would have correctly predicted the risk ofAnoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky) but notCallidiellum rufipenne(Motschulsky).There was significant phylogenetic signal in both the biological traits and the risk category membership. Our approach can be modified for other groups of concern.
Determinants of rural Australian primary health care worker retention: A synthesis of key evidence and implications for policymaking
Authors: Russell Deborah J. , McGrail Matthew R. , Humphreys John S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo synthesise key Australian empirical rural retention evidence and outline implications and potential applications for policymaking.DesignA comprehensive search of Medline, PsychINFO, CINAHL plus, Scopus and EMBASE revealed eight peer‐reviewed empirical studies published since 2000 quantifying factors associated with actual retention.Setting and participantsRural and remote Australian primary health care workers.Main outcome measuresHazard ratios (hazard of leaving rural), mean length of stay in current rural position and odds ratios (odds of leaving rural).ResultsA broad range of geographical, professional, financial, educational, regulatory and personal factors are strongly and significantly associated with the rural retention of Australian primary health care workers. Important factors included geographical remoteness and population size, profession, providing hospital services, practising procedural skills, taking annual leave, employment grade, employment and payment structures, restricted access to provider numbers, country of training, vocational training, practitioner age group and cognitive behavioural coaching. These findings suggest that retention strategies should be multifaceted and ‘bundled’, addressing the combination of modifiable factors most important for specific groups of Australian rural and remote primary health care workers, and compensating health professionals for hardships they face that are linked to less modifiable factors.ConclusionsThe short retention of many Australian rural and remote Allied Health Professionals and GPs, particularly in small, outer regional and remote communities, requires ongoing policy support. The important retention patterns highlighted in this review provide policymakers with direction about where to best target retention initiatives, as well as an indication of what they can do to improve retention.
Treatment response with mepolizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma patients with previous omalizumab treatment
Authors: Magnan A. , Bourdin A. , Prazma C. M. , Albers F. C. , Price R. G. , Yancey S. W. , Ortega H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe performed post hoc analyses to evaluate the effect of humanized monoclonal antibody mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma previously treated with omalizumab.MethodsData were collected from two randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies: MENSA (NCT01691521: 32‐week treatment phase) and SIRIUS (NCT01691508: 24‐week treatment phase). Active treatment was 75 mg intravenous mepolizumab (MENSA) or 100 mg subcutaneous mepolizumab (MENSA, SIRIUS). Patients had evidence of eosinophilic inflammation ≥150 cells/μl (at screening) or ≥300 cells/μl (during the previous year). Primary outcomes were the rate of exacerbations (MENSA) and the percentage reduction in oral corticosteroid (OCS) dose (SIRIUS). Other outcomes included lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s and morning peak expiratory flow), Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ‐5), St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores, and safety.ResultsOverall, 576 patients were included from MENSA and 135 from SIRIUS, with 13% and 33% previously receiving omalizumab, respectively. In MENSA, mepolizumab reduced the rate of exacerbations by 57% (prior omalizumab) and 47% (no prior omalizumab) vs placebo. In SIRIUS, reductions in OCS use were comparable regardless of prior omalizumab use. Despite reducing chronic OCS use, mepolizumab also resulted in similar reductions in exacerbation rate relative to placebo in both subgroups. Asthma control and quality of life improved with mepolizumab vs placebo in both studies independent of prior omalizumab use, as shown by ACQ‐5 and SGRQ scores. Adverse events were also comparable irrespective of prior omalizumab use.ConclusionsThese post hoc analyses indicate that patients with severe eosinophilic asthma respond positively to mepolizumab regardless of prior use of omalizumab.
Residential greenness is differentially associated with childhood allergic rhinitis and aeroallergen sensitization in seven birth cohorts
Authors: Fuertes E. , Markevych I. , Bowatte G. , Gruzieva O. , Gehring U. , Becker A. , Berdel D. , von Berg A. , Bergström A. , Brauer M. , Brunekreef B. , Brüske I. , Carlsten C. , Chan‐Yeung M. , Dharmage S. C. , Hoffmann B. , Klümper C. , Koppelman G. H. , Kozyrskyj A. , Korek M. , Kull I. , Lodge C. , Lowe A. , MacIntyre E. , Pershagen G. , Standl M. , Sugiri D. , Wijga A. ,   MACS, Heinrich J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of allergic rhinitis is high, but the role of environmental factors remains unclear. We examined cohort‐specific and combined associations of residential greenness with allergic rhinitis and aeroallergen sensitization based on individual data from Swedish (BAMSE), Australian (MACS), Dutch (PIAMA), Canadian (CAPPS and SAGE), and German (GINIplus and LISAplus) birth cohorts (n = 13 016).MethodsAllergic rhinitis (doctor diagnosis/symptoms) and aeroallergen sensitization were assessed in children aged 6–8 years in six cohorts and 10–12 years in five cohorts. Residential greenness was defined as the mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in a 500‐m buffer around the home address at the time of health assessment. Cohort‐specific associations per 0.2 unit increase in NDVI were assessed using logistic regression models and combined in a random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsGreenness in a 500‐m buffer was positively associated with allergic rhinitis at 6–8 years in BAMSE (odds ratio = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [1.13, 1.79]) and GINI/LISA South (1.69 [1.19, 2.41]) but inversely associated in GINI/LISA North (0.61 [0.36, 1.01]) and PIAMA (0.67 [0.47, 0.95]). Effect estimates in CAPPS and SAGE were also conflicting but not significant (0.63 [0.32, 1.24] and 1.31 [0.81, 2.12], respectively). All meta‐analyses were nonsignificant. Results were similar for aeroallergen sensitization at 6–8 years and both outcomes at 10–12 years. Stratification by NO2 concentrations, population density, an urban vs rural marker, and moving did not reveal consistent trends within subgroups.ConclusionAlthough residential greenness appears to be associated with childhood allergic rhinitis and aeroallergen sensitization, the effect direction varies by location.
Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Gene Regulation: Chondrogenic Markers Evaluation
Authors: Kavand Hanie , Haghighipour Nooshin , Zeynali Bahman , Seyedjafari Ehsan , Abdemami Baharak 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThere is little evidence demonstrating the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated within the biological entity and the effect of extrinsic fields on cellular programing. Taking the path of the more studied stimuli into attention, mechanical forces, it could be understood that nonchemical factors play a consequential role in transcriptional regulatory networks. Cartilaginous tissue consists of collagen protein that is considered as a piezoelectric substrate and is influenced by electric fields making chondrogenic specific genes an exciting candidate for bioelectromagnetic studies. As electromagnetic properties highly depend on the frequencies applied, this study delves into the ability of two EMFs with the frequency of 25 Hz and 50 Hz in inducing SOX9 and COL2 gene expressions in a three‐dimensional (3D) mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐alginate construct. Cell‐alginate beads were divided into six groups and treated for a time period of 21 days. To determine the results, qualitative and quantitative data were both reviewed. On observation of real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data, it was apparent that TGF‐β1 treatment had a greater COL2 and SOX9 gene expression impact on MSCs compared to pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) treatments alone. COL2 was shown to have a greater transcriptional tendency to PEMF, whereas under defined electromagnetic parameters applied in this study, no significant difference was detected in SOX9 gene expressions compared to the control group. PEMF co‐treatments enhanced the deposition of extracellular matrix molecules, as the matrix‐rich beads were positively stained by Alcian blue. This genre of study is the venue for the control and healing of connective tissue defects.
Effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in Holstein heifers
Authors: Kang Hyeok‐Joong , Lee In Kyu , Piao Min‐Yu , Kwak Chae‐Won , Gu Min Jeong , Yun Cheol Heui , Kim Hyun‐Jin , Ahn Hyeon‐Ju , Kim Hee‐Bal , Kim Gyeom‐Heon , Kim Soo‐Ki , Ko Jong‐Youl , Ha Jong K. , Baik Myunggi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study examined the effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in dairy heifers. Twenty Holstein heifers in early pregnancy were divided into non‐transported (NT;n = 7) and transported (T; n = 13) groups. Blood was collected before transportation (BT), immediately after transportation for 100 km (T1) and 200 km (T2), and 24 h after transportation (AT). The T heifers had higher (P < 0.05) blood cortisol and non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations after T1 and T2 than did NT heifers. By contrast, the T heifers had lower (P < 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations after T1 and T2 than had the NT heifers. The serum cortisol and triglyceride concentrations returned (P > 0.05) to the BT concentrations at 24 h AT in the T heifers. The granulocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and the percentage of monocytes were higher (P < 0.05) after T2 in the T heifers than in the NT heifers, suggesting that transportation stress increased the numbers of innate immune cells. T heifers had higher (P < 0.01) plasma haptoglobin concentrations than NT heifers 24 h AT. In conclusion, transportation increased cortisol secretion and was correlated with increased metabolic responses and up‐regulation of peripheral innate immune cells in dairy heifers.
In search of the right fusion recipe: the role of legitimacy in building a social enterprise model
Authors: Yang Yung‐Kai , Wu Shu‐Ling 
Published: April 2016

Social enterprises, as typical hybrid organisations, are embedded in a plural institutional environment in which some stakeholders regard achieving social goals as fundamental, while others see economic profit as the priority. A great challenge for social enterprises is dealing with the conflicts resulting from the diverse expectations of stakeholders. Based on the existing works on organisational legitimacy and the social business model, we propose a legitimacy‐based social enterprise model composed of three main phases, namely, legitimacy proposition, legitimacy strategy planning, and legitimacy strategy implementation. Our model is meant to serve as an effective legitimacy‐building tool for social enterprises of various kinds.
Management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis without antibiotics: a single‐centre cohort study
Authors: Brochmann N. D. , Schultz J. K. , Jakobsen G. S. , Øresland T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the implementation of nonantibiotic management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis at a large university hospital in Norway with regard to management failure, disease recurrence and complications.MethodOn 1 January 2013 we implemented a new policy for the management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis without antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment was only provided in the case of defined criteria. All patients admitted from 1 January 2013 to 30 June 2014 with a CT‐verified, left‐sided, acute uncomplicated diverticulitis were included in the study and evaluated retrospectively, with 12 months’ follow‐up.ResultsOf 244 admissions with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis, 177 (73%) were managed without antibiotics. Among these there were seven (4%) management failures, including five patients in whom a deteriorating clinical picture prompted antibiotic treatment and two readmissions within 1 month due to persisting symptoms. The only complication in this group was one fistula (< 1%). Eight (5%) patients had a recurrence of acute diverticulitis requiring hospital care and two (1%) underwent elective surgery within the first year. Twenty (8%) patients met predefined exemption criteria and received antibiotics from admission, six (30%) of whom developed complications. The recurrence rate in this group was 10% and none had surgery performed. The 47 (20%) policy violators treated with antibiotics from admission had no complications. Their recurrence rate was 11% and one (2%) patient underwent elective surgery.ConclusionThis study confirms that nonantibiotic management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis is safe and feasible. Most complications occurred in a small group of high‐risk patients treated with antibiotics.
Role of cAMP signalling in winner and loser effects in crayfish agonistic encounters
Authors: Momohara Yuto , Minami Hiroki , Kanai Akihiro , Nagayama Toshiki 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFor territorial animals, establishment of status‐dependent dominance order is essential to maintain social stability. In agonistic encounters of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii, a difference of body length of 3–7% is enough for larger animals to become dominant. Despite a physical disadvantage, small winners of the first pairings were more likely to win subsequent conflicts with larger inexperienced animals. In contrast, the losers of the first pairings rarely won subsequent conflicts with smaller naive animals. Such experiences of previous winning or losing affected agonistic outcomes for a long period. The winner effects lasted more than 2 weeks and the loser effect lasted about 10 days. Injection of 5HT1 receptor antagonist into the dominant animals 15–30 min after establishment of dominance order blocked the formation of the winner effects. In contrast, injection of adrenergic‐like octopamine receptor antagonist into subordinate animals blocked the formation of the loser. 5HT1 receptors are negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase and adrenergic‐like octopamine receptors are positively coupled. Consistent with this, dominant animals failed to show the winner effect when injected with pCPT‐cAMP, a cAMP analogue, and subordinate animals failed to show a loser effect when injected with adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ 22536. These results suggest that an increase and decrease of cAMP concentration is essential in mediating loser and winner effects, respectively. Furthermore, formation of the loser effect was blocked by injection of protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, suggesting long‐term memory of the loser effect is dependent on the cAMP–PKA signalling pathway.
Antecedents of materialism in China—an intergenerational analysis
Authors: Yang Song , Stening Bruce W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMaterialism has been at the centre of the consumer behaviour literature for decades. Despite a huge number of studies that have shed light on its antecedents and consequences, it is still not clear how a materialistic orientation evolves and becomes prevalent in line with socioeconomic transitions in a country. The current research aims to analyze possible reasons why different generations of consumers in China have become more or less materialistic. Data were collected from 613 consumers in two cities, representing three focal generational cohorts, labelled, in chronological order, the Cultural Revolution Generation, the Economic Reform Generation and the Social Change Generation. Traditional Chinese cultural values are shown to still play a significant role in the formation of materialism in China, serving to curtail the prevalence of materialism. At the same time, secular values serve as a driving force for a materialistic orientation.
Consumer financial education and financial capability
Authors: Xiao Jing Jian , O'Neill Barbara 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore potential effects of financial education on the financial capability of American consumers. Data from the 2012 National Financial Capability Study were used to test the hypothesis that financial education is positively associated with financial capability. Four financial literacy and behaviour variables were used to form a financial capability index. Multivariate linear regression results showed that, after controlling for demographic and financial variables, respondents who ever received financial education had higher scores in all financial capability indicators (objective financial literacy, subjective financial literacy, desirable financial behaviour, perceived financial capability and the financial capability index). In addition, high school, college and workplace financial education variables showed positive associations with these financial capability indicators. Additional state comparison analyses provided evidence suggesting high school financial education may have direct impacts and spillover effects on consumer financial capability.
Evaluation of therapeutic enoxaparin in a pregnant population at a tertiary hospital
Authors: Petrie S. , Barras M. , Lust K. , Fagermo N. , Allen J. , Martin J. H. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundTherapeutic anticoagulation with enoxaparin in pregnancy is complex due to varying pharmacokinetics and the increasing prevalence of obesity. There is limited evidence to support current dosing and monitoring strategies of enoxaparin in this population.AimTo describe the current practice in therapeutic anticoagulation in the pregnant population at a tertiary institution.MethodsA retrospective study of pregnant women on therapeutic enoxaparin between January 2007 and December 2011.ResultsForty‐four pregnant women requiring therapeutic anticoagulation were identified and divided into two groups, monitored with anti‐factor Xa (AXA) concentrations and unmonitored. Fifty‐five percent of monitored women were initiated on the recommended 1 mg/kg twice a day (bd) enoxaparin dose‐strategy. Eighty‐two percent of women were monitored; however, there was variability regarding the timing, frequency and subsequent dose adjustments from monitoring. Overall, as pregnancies progressed, there was both increasing dose adjustments and increasing frequency of monitoring. Fourteen women had a BMI over 30 kg/m2, and 13 of these women were monitored. Nine monitored obese women required doses less than 1 mg/kg/bd to maintain a therapeutic AXA level. Management appeared to be individualised. There were small numbers of toxicity events.ConclusionVariation exists in dosing and monitoring practices for therapeutic enoxaparin in the pregnant population. Dosing obese patients using 1 mg/kg twice daily can lead to toxic AXA concentrations, and dose reductions are required to maintain a therapeutic range. A larger prospective study reviewing dose, AXA concentrations and outcome data is necessary to make dosing recommendations in this group.
Malformations of the gill filaments of the ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.) (Pisces) caused by echinostomatid metacercariae
Authors: Molnár K , Gibson D I , Majoros G , Székely C , Sándor D , Cech G 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn parasite surveys of fishes from Lake Balaton and its tributaries in Hungary, infections with metacercariae of a species of the digenean genus Echinochasmus (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) were found in seven species of fish. In ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus, malformations of the gill filaments apparently caused by these infections were observed. These malformations were in the form of bifurcations of the filaments at about their mid‐length. At the point where the filaments bifurcate, an Echinochasmus metacercaria was always embedded in the cartilaginous ray of the gill filament. All specimens of the ruffe were found to be infected by these metacercariae, and each ruffe specimen was infected by 30–300 metacercariae. Such a bifurcation was found in all of the ruffe specimens, but, apart from these gill malformations, the metacercariae produced only local changes in the cartilage. In the other six infected fish species, only local signs were observed in the cartilage. Experimental infections of chicks with metacercariae resulted in the finding of the sexual adult (marita) of an unidentified species of Echinochasmus. ITS sequences of the adult and metacercaria corresponded with each other, and also with a cercaria isolated from a gravel snail (Lithoglyphus naticoides), with a 99.5–100% similarity.
Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: Where are we now?
Authors: Liou Jyh‐Ming , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Lin Jaw‐Town 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGastric cancer and Helicobacter pylori infection remain a burden in many Asian countries. In the face of rising antibiotic resistance, the eradication rate of standard triple therapy is declining in many Asian countries. We reviewed the updated epidemiology of gastric cancer, prevalence of H. pylori infection, and antibiotic resistance in Asia. We also reviewed the strategies to improve the efficacy of H. pylori eradication therapies, including the use of high dose proton pump inhibitor, four drug therapies (including bismuth quadruple, concomitant, and sequential therapy), susceptibility guided therapy, extending the treatment duration to 14 days, and development of effective rescue therapy. Four drug therapies are usually more effective than triple therapy when given in the same duration, except in areas with concomitantly high metronidazole resistance and low clarithromycin resistance. The efficacies of different four drug regimens appeared to be similar. However, trials from different geographic areas showed contradictory results, indicating that the optimal therapy should be decided according to the local prevalence of antibiotic resistance. We proposed a prediction model to calculate the efficacy of different regimens according to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance. More large randomized trials which provide information on the antibiotic resistance are urgently needed to build a more accurate and reliable model. It is hoped that we will be able to decide the optimal regimens by routine surveillance of antibiotic resistance.