bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Hemicellulose, Cellulose and Lignin in Moso Bamboo by Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Sun Chanjun , Zhou Binxiong , He Yong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe contents of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin are important for moso bamboo processing in biomass energy industry. The feasibility of using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for rapid determination of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin was investigated in this study. Initially, the linear relationship between bamboo components and their NIR spectroscopy was established. Subsequently, successive projections algorithm (SPA) was used to detect characteristic wavelengths for establishing the convenient models. For hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, 22, 22 and 20 characteristic wavelengths were obtained, respectively. Nonlinear determination models were subsequently built by an artificial neural network (ANN) and a least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) based on characteristic wavelengths. The LS-SVM models for predicting hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin all obtained excellent results with high determination coefficients of 0.921, 0.909 and 0.892 respectively. These results demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy combined with SPA-LS-SVM is a useful, nondestructive tool for the determinations of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin in moso bamboo.
Vocal individuality cues in the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus): a source-filter theory approach
Authors: Favaro Livio , Gamba Marco , Alfieri Chiara , Pessani Daniela , McElligott Alan G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe African penguin is a nesting seabird endemic to southern Africa. In penguins of the genusSpheniscusvocalisations are important for social recognition. However, it is not clear which acoustic features of calls can encode individual identity information. We recorded contact calls and ecstatic display songs of 12 adult birds from a captive colony. For each vocalisation, we measured 31 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters related to both source and filter components of calls. For each parameter, we calculated the Potential of Individual Coding (PIC). The acoustic parameters showing PIC ≥ 1.1 were used to perform a stepwise cross-validated discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA correctly classified 66.1% of the contact calls and 62.5% of display songs to the correct individual. The DFA also resulted in the further selection of 10 acoustic features for contact calls and 9 for display songs that were important for vocal individuality. Our results suggest that studying the anatomical constraints that influence nesting penguin vocalisations from a source-filter perspective, can lead to a much better understanding of the acoustic cues of individuality contained in their calls. This approach could be further extended to study and understand vocal communication in other bird species.
Genetic adaptations of the plateau zokor in high-elevation burrows
Authors: Shao Yong , Li Jin-Xiu , Ge Ri-Li , Zhong Li , Irwin David M. , Murphy Robert W. , Zhang Ya-Ping 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) spends its entire life underground in sealed burrows. Confronting limited oxygen and high carbon dioxide concentrations and complete darkness, they epitomize a successful physiological adaptation. Here, we employ transcriptome sequencing to explore the genetic underpinnings of their adaptations to this unique habitat. Compared toRattus norvegicus, genes belonging to GO categories related to energy metabolism (e.g. mitochondrion and fatty acid beta-oxidation) underwent accelerated evolution in the plateau zokor. Furthermore, the numbers of positively selected genes were significantly enriched in the gene categories involved in ATPase activity, blood vessel development and respiratory gaseous exchange, functional categories that are relevant to adaptation to high altitudes. Among the 787 genes with evidence of parallel evolution and thus identified as candidate genes, several GO categories (e.g. response to hypoxia, oxygen homeostasis and erythrocyte homeostasis) are significantly enriched, are two genes,EPAS1andAJUBA, involved in the response to hypoxia, where the parallel evolved sites are at positions that are highly conserved in sequence alignments from multiple species. Thus, accelerated evolution of GO categories, positive selection and parallel evolution at the molecular level provide evidences to parse the genetic adaptations of the plateau zokor for living in high-elevation burrows.
Assessment of pharmacokinetic compatibility of short acting CDRI candidate trioxane derivative, 99–411, with long acting prescription antimalarials, lumefantrine and piperaquine
Authors: Taneja Isha , Raju Kanumuri Siva Rama , Singh Sheelendra Pratap , Wahajuddin Muhammad 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe pharmacokinetic compatibility of short-acting CDRI candidate antimalarial trioxane derivative, 99–411, was tested with long-acting prescription antimalarials, lumefantrine and piperaquine. LC-ESI-MS/MS methods were validated for simultaneous bioanalysis of lumefantrine and 99–411 and of piperaquine and 99–411 combinations. The interaction studies were performed in rats using these validated methods. The total systemic exposure of 99–411 increased when administered with either lumefantrine or piperaquine. However, co-administration of 99–411 significantly decreased the systemic exposure of piperaquine by half-fold while it had no effect on the kinetics of lumefantrine. 99–411, thus, seemed to be a good alternative to artemisinin derivatives for combination treatment with lumefantrine. To explore the reason for increased plasma levels of 99–411, an in situ permeability study was performed by co-perfusing lumefantrine and 99–411. In presence of lumefantrine, the absorption of 99–411 was significantly increased by 1.37 times than when given alone. Lumefantrine did not affect the metabolism of 99–411 when tested in vitro in human liver microsomes. Additionally, ATPase assay suggest that 99–411 was a substrate of human P-gp, thus, indicating the probability of interaction at the absorption level in humans as well.
Comparative genomics and genome biology of invasive Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Skarp C. P. A. , Akinrinade O. , Nilsson A. J. E. , Ellström P. , Myllykangas S. , Rautelin H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCampylobacter jejuni is a major pathogen in bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and can cause bacteremia in severe cases. C. jejuni is highly structured into clonal lineages of which the ST677CC lineage has been overrepresented among C. jejuni isolates derived from blood. In this study, we characterized the genomes of 31 C. jejuni blood isolates and 24 faecal isolates belonging to ST677CC in order to study the genome biology related to C. jejuni invasiveness. We combined the genome analyses with phenotypical evidence on serum resistance which was associated with phase variation of wcbK; a GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase involved in capsular biosynthesis. We also describe the finding of a Type III restriction-modification system unique to the ST-794 sublineage. However, features previously considered to be related to pathogenesis of C. jejuni were either absent or disrupted among our strains. Our results refine the role of capsule features associated with invasive disease and accentuate the possibility of methylation and restriction enzymes in the potential of C. jejuni to establish invasive infections. Our findings underline the importance of studying clinically relevant well-characterized bacterial strains in order to understand pathogenesis mechanisms important in human infections.
Student writing: gender and visibility; then and now
Authors: Poulsen Chris 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine a selection of creative writings by students at one Australian secondary school over a period of 50-plus years, charting the frequency with which key markers of gender appear in student storytelling over this period and sampling the types of gendered representation demonstrated in these stories.Design/methodology/approach– Taken from a larger study, and grounded in feminist and poststructuralist reading practices, the research draws on Critical Discourse Analysis and quantifies verbal processes relating to gender using Halliday and Matthiessen’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) (2004).Findings– The research finds the visibility of females in the selected corpus has increased considerably, yet the nature of female and male participation in these texts remains comparatively unchanged when measured by the process types of Halliday and Matthiessen’s SFL (2004).Originality/value– If past decades of (pro)feminist choices are only challenging gendered patterns of representation at the level of quantity but not type, this has significant implications for teachers of English. The paper’s conclusion considers what more might be done in present and future teaching to assist students to problematise their own, as well as others’, representations of gender.
Dimensional Review of Scales for Forensic Photography
Authors: Ferrucci Massimiliano , Doiron Theodore D. , Thompson Robert M. , Jones John P. , Freeman Adam J. , Neiman Janice A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractScales for photography provide a geometrical reference in the photographic documentation of a crime scene, pattern, or item of evidence. The ABFO No. 2 Standard Reference Scale (1) is used by the forensic science community as an accurate reference scale. We investigated the overall accuracy of the major centimeter graduations, internal/external diameters of the circles, error in placement of the circle centers, and leg perpendicularity. Four vendors were selected for the scales, and the features were measured on a vision‐based coordinate measurement system. The scales were well within the specified tolerance for the length graduations. After 4 years, the same scales were measured to determine what change could be measured. The scales demonstrated acceptable stability in the scale length and center‐to‐center measurements; however, the perpendicularity exhibited change. The study results indicate that scale quality checks using certified metal rulers are good practice.
‘Store their Minds with Much Valuable Knowledge’: Agricultural Improvement at the Selkirk Subscription Library, 1799‐1814
Authors: Towsey Mark 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article investigates the reception of agricultural improvement in the Scottish Borders, arguing that useful books and improving socialisation were mutually reinforcing in the Selkirk Subscription Library. Agricultural books were borrowed by farmers, clergymen, lawyers and medical men, who collaborated to found local debating societies and sponsor the production of improving literature. Their commitment to agricultural improvement is shown to have been one of several cultures of improvement in circulation at Selkirk, some dedicated to practical works of moral improvement and the cultivation of politeness in young minds, some to the patronage of local writers, local history and local traditions.
The Effect of Nursing Care Based on Comfort Theory on Women's Postpartum Comfort Levels After Caesarean Sections
Authors: Aksoy Derya Yeşim , Pasinlioğlu Türkan 
Published: November 2015

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of nursing care based on comfort theory on women's postpartum comfort levels after C‐sections.MethodsA quasi‐experimental design was used. The sample comprised 100 women who had C‐sections (50 experimental, 50 control).ResultsA total of 27 nursing diagnoses were determined. The physical (p = .000), psychospiritual (p = .249), and sociocultural (p = .001) subdimension mean scores on the Postpartum Comfort Scale were higher in the experimental group than they were in the control group. The mean total scores on the Postpartum Comfort Scale were 138.70 ± 8.79 in the experimental group and 131.06 ± 9.30 in the control group (p = .000).ConclusionNursing care based on comfort theory for women having C‐sections met their comfort needs and increased their postpartum comfort levels.Practice ImplicationsIt is recommended that nursing care outcomes be compared using different nursing models.
Pyogenic granuloma caused by afatinib: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Inoue Akiha , Sawada Yu , Nishio Daisuke , Nakamura Motonobu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe report on the first case of pyogenic granulomas caused by afatinib. We also review the current literature concerning pyogenic granulomas caused by epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Barrier function of the nasal mucosa in health and type‐2 biased airway diseases
Authors: Zhang N. , Van Crombruggen K. , Gevaert E. , Bachert C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe mucosal lining of the upper airways represents the outer surface of the body to the ambient air and its contents and is prepared for it as the first line of defense. Apart from the well‐described physical barrier and the mucociliary clearance, a variety of systems, including the airway microbiome, antimicrobial proteins, damage‐associated molecular patterns, innate lymphoid cells, epithelial‐derived cytokines and chemokines, and finally the adaptive immune system, as well as eosinophils as newly appreciated defense cells form different levels of protection against and response to any possible intruder. Of interest especially for allergic airway disease, mucosal germs might not just elicit a classical Th1/Th17‐biased inflammatory response, but may directly induce a type‐2 mucosal inflammation. Innovative therapeutic interventions may be possible at different levels also; however, whether modulations of the innate or adaptive immune responses will finally be more successful, and how the correction of the adaptive immune response might impact on the innate side, will be determined in the near future.
Surgery: no profession for a lady
Authors: Neuhaus Susan J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThere are currently over 700 active female Fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, accounting for just less than 10% of the surgical workforce. The first female Fellow of the College was Lillian Violet Cooper, of Queensland, who was admitted to Fellowship on 17 June 1927. Over the following half century, 32 women obtained Fellowships, initially awarded on the basis of experience and clinical practice and then, from 1947, by passing the Fellowship examination. This paper will examine the contribution of some of these early pioneer women, not just as surgeons, but as role models, advocates of women in professional life and champions of equality.
Risk factors for the hypertensive phase after implantation of a glaucoma drainage device
Authors: Jung Kyoung In , Park Chan Kee 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeTo investigate risk factors for the development of the hypertensive phase after implantation of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV).MethodsA total of 128 patients who had undergone AGV implantation were included in this study. The hypertensive phase was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) > 21 mmHg during the first 3 months after surgery. Failure was defined IOP > 21 mmHg or less than a 20% reduction from baseline on two consecutive study visits after 3 months.ResultsMean age and preoperative IOP were not different between the hypertensive and non‐hypertensive groups (p = 0.054, 0.065, respectively). Axial length (AL) was significantly longer in the hypertensive group (25.2 ± 2.6 mm) than in the non‐hypertensive group (23.6 ± 1.6 mm; p = 0.006). AL was correlated with postoperative IOP at 1 and 3 months postoperatively (r = 0.176, p = 0.047; r = 0.363, p < 0.001), but not at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively (p = 0.105, 0.068). Only AL was significantly associated with development of the hypertensive phase (p = 0.026) in the binary logistic regression analysis. The development of hypertensive phase was higher in the high‐myopia group (95.1%) than in the non‐high myopia group (79.3%; p = 0.011). The cumulative probability of success at postoperative 1 year was 96.5% in the non‐high myopia group and 95.1% in the high myopia group (p = 0.784).ConclusionsEyes with high myopia were at the greatest risk for developing hypertension following implantation of a glaucoma drainage valve.
The muscle contraction mode determines lymphangiogenesis differentially in rat skeletal and cardiac muscles by modifying local lymphatic extracellular matrix microenvironments
Authors: Greiwe L. , Vinck M. , Suhr F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimLymphatic vessels are of special importance for tissue homeostasis, and increases of their density may foster tissue regeneration. Exercise could be a relevant tool to increase lymphatic vessel density (LVD); however, a significant lack of knowledge remains to understand lymphangiogenesis in skeletal muscles upon training. Interestingly, training‐induced lymphangiogenesis has never been studied in the heart. We studied lymphangiogenesis and LVD upon chronic concentric and chronic eccentric muscle contractions in both rat skeletal (Mm. Edl and Sol) and cardiac muscles.Methods/ResultsWe found that LVD decreased in both skeletal muscles specifically upon eccentric training, while this contraction increased LVD in cardiac tissue. These observations were supported by opposing local remodelling of lymphatic vessel‐specific extracellular matrix components in skeletal and cardiac muscles and protein levels of lymphatic markers (Lyve‐1, Pdpn, Vegf‐C/D). Confocal microscopy further revealed transformations of lymphatic vessels into vessels expressing both blood (Cav‐1) and lymphatic (Vegfr‐3) markers upon eccentric training specifically in skeletal muscles. In addition and phenotype supportive, we found increased inflammation (NF‐κB/p65, Il‐1β, Ifn‐γ, Tnf‐α and MPO+ cells) in eccentrically stressed skeletal, but decreased levels in cardiac muscles.ConclusionOur data provide novel mechanistic insights into lymphangiogenic processes in skeletal and cardiac muscles upon chronic muscle contraction modes and demonstrate that both tissues adapt in opposing manners specifically to eccentric training. These data are highly relevant for clinical applications, because eccentric training serves as a sufficient strategy to increase LVD and to decrease inflammation in cardiac tissue, for example in order to reduce tissue abortion in transplantation settings.
The haemodynamic effects of intravenous paracetamol (acetaminophen) in healthy volunteers: a double‐blind, randomized, triple crossover trial
Authors: Chiam Elizabeth , Weinberg Laurence , Bailey Michael , McNicol Larry , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: November 2015

AimThe haemodynamic effects of intravenous paracetamol have not been systematically investigated. We compared the physiological effects of intravenous mannitol‐containing paracetamol, and an equivalent dosage of mannitol, and normal saline 0.9% in healthy volunteers.MethodsWe performed a blinded, triple crossover, randomized trial of 24 adult healthy volunteers. Participants received i.v. paracetamol (1 g paracetamol +3.91 g mannitol 100 ml–1), i.v. mannitol (3.91 g mannitol 100 ml–1) and i.v. normal saline (100 ml). Composite primary end points were changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measured pre‐infusion, during a 15 min infusion period and over a 45 min observation period. Systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and cardiac index were measured at the same time points.ResultsInfusion of paracetamol induced a transient yet significant decrease in blood pressures from pre‐infusion values (MAP –1.85 mmHg, 95% CI –2.6, –1.1, SBP –0.54 mmHg, 95% CI –1.7, 0.6 and DBP −1.92 mmHg, 95% CI –2.6, –1.2, P < 0.0001), associated with a transient reduction in SVRI and an increase in cardiac index. Changes were observed, but to a lesser extent with normal saline (MAP –0.15 mmHg, SBP +1.44 mmHg, DBP −–0.73 mmHg, P < 0.0001), but not with mannitol (MAP +1.47 mmHg, SBP +4.03 mmHg, DBP +0.48 mmHg, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsI.v. paracetamol caused a transient decrease in blood pressure immediately after infusion. These effects were not seen with mannitol or normal saline. The physiological mechanism was consistent with vasodilatation. This study provides plausible physiological data in a healthy volunteer setting, supporting transient changes in haemodynamic variables with i.v. paracetamol and justifies controlled studies in the peri‐operative and critical care setting.
Circadian variation in serum cortisol during hydrocortisone replacement is not attributable to changes in cortisol‐binding globulin concentrations
Authors: Chung T.T. , Gunganah K. , Monson J.P. , Drake W.M. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundPatients taking hydrocortisone (HC) replacement for primary or secondary adrenal failure require individual adjustment of their dose. In addition to modifying the administered doses of HC for each patient, physicians are increasingly interested in variations in the bioavailability of glucocorticoid replacement. One potential determinant of the bioavailability of replaced HC is a variation in serum cortisol‐binding globulin (CBG) concentration, which may, in turn, affect interpretation of cortisol profiles and individual dose selection for patients on hydrocortisone replacement therapy.AimTo investigate the hypothesis that there is a circadian variation in CBG levels.Methods and resultsA total of 34 male patients divided into 3 groups (10 patients with non‐somatotroph structural pituitary disease on HC replacement, 11 patients with treated acromegaly on HC replacement and 13 patients with treated acromegaly not on HC replacement) and 10 healthy volunteers were included. Cortisol and CBG levels were measured at 6 time points (0800, 1100, 1300, 1500, 1700 and 1900). No significant circadian variation in CBG concentration was found in any of the 4 groups.ConclusionCircadian variation in serum cortisol during hydrocortisone replacement is not attributable to changes in cortisol‐binding globulin concentration. Changes in serum cortisol levels may thus be explained by other factors including 11 β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity or circadian changes in the binding properties of CBG.
Additional transbronchial needle aspiration through a guide sheath for peripheral pulmonary lesions that cannot be detected by radial EBUS
Authors: Hayama Manabu , Izumo Takehiro , Chavez Christine , Matsumoto Yuji , Tsuchida Takaaki , Sasada Shinji 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundEndobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath (EBUS‐GS) has resulted to better diagnostic outcome for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs), although the yield is not satisfactory for lesions that cannot be located by EBUS. We aimed to evaluate whether the addition of a new technique, transbronchial needle aspiration through a guide sheath (GS‐TBNA), can increase the yield for these cases.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of cases that were not located by EBUS during EBUS‐GS for PPL diagnosis. From September 2012 to August 2014, 67 PPLs had ‘invisible’ EBUS‐GS location prior to transbronchial sampling. The patients were divided into two groups according to the use of additional GS‐TBNA: GS‐TBNA group (n=22) and non‐GS‐TBNA group (n=45). Diagnostic yields were compared and multivariate analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with increased diagnostic yield.ResultsThe diagnostic yield was significantly higher in the GS‐TBNA group than in the non‐GS‐TBNA group (54.5% vs 17.8%, P<0.01). The complication rate was not significantly different between the GS‐TBNA group and the non‐GS‐TBNA group (0% vs 4.4%, P=1.0). Multivariate analysis showed that only performing GS‐TBNA was significantly associated with increased diagnostic yield (odds ratio 3.99, P=0.03).ConclusionGS‐TBNA is a safe technique for PPL diagnosis and may be useful when the EBUS probe cannot reach the lesion.