bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic repeat liver resection for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Goh Brian K. P. , Teo Jin‐Yao , Chan Chung‐Yip , Lee Ser‐Yee , Cheow Peng‐Chung , Chung Alexander Y. F. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundRepeat liver resection is effective for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (rHCC). This study aimed to determine the outcomes of laparoscopic repeat liver resection (LRLR) for rHCC.MethodsEight consecutive patients who underwent LRLR for rHCC were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsSix patients had previous open and two had laparoscopic liver resection (LLR). There was one (12.5%) open conversion for bleeding and one (12.5%) post‐operative morbidity. The median tumour size was 24 mm (range: 8–50 mm). LRLR was performed for rHCC in the ipsilateral lobe as compared to the index surgery in 4/8 (50%) patients. Five of eight (62.5%) patients had rHCC in the difficult posterosuperior segments. Six patients had previous open LR, and two had previous LLR. One patient (patient 4) had two prior open LR for rHCC, and LRLR was performed for the second recurrence. The median duration from the first surgery to LRLR was 29 months (range: 6–109 months). The median post‐operative stay was 3.5 days. All eight patients had R0 resections, and at a median follow‐up of 7.5 months, all patients were disease‐free.Conclusion
LRLR for rHCC is feasible and safe. This can be performed even for patients with previous open liver resections, cirrhosis, lesions in the posterosuperior segments and prior LR of the ipsilateral lobe. LRLR for rHCC is feasible and safe in highly selected patients.
Chylous leakage from a remaining duplicated left‐sided thoracic duct after esophagectomy successfully treated by ligation of the left‐sided thoracic duct with left‐sided video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery with the patient in the prone position
Authors: Abe Tetsuya , Kawai Ryosuke , Uemura Norihisa , Kawakami Jiro , Ito Seiji , Komori Koji , Senda Yoshiki , Misawa Kazunari , Shinoda Masayuki , Shimizu Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA 69‐year‐old man who had undergone an esophagectomy was diagnosed with chylous leakage on postoperative day 2, and his pleural effusion output gradually increased daily. On postoperative day 6, intranodal lymphangiography using lipiodol demonstrated chylous leakage from branches of an incomplete duplicated left‐sided thoracic duct; it also indicated successful ligation of the right‐sided thoracic duct at initial operation. After lymphangiography, the chylous leakage did not heal and remained uncontrollable. Based on the preoperative lymphangiographic findings, we ligated the left‐sided thoracic duct with left‐sided video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery, with the patient in the prone position, on postoperative day 9. The patient experienced no other postoperative complications. The use of the prone position with pneumothorax treatment was helpful in providing a wide operative field in the posterior mediastinum, thus allowing for a better chance for a successful postoperative outcome.
Endoscopy‐assisted transanal repair of afferent limb obstruction and long efferent limb with ileopexy after ileal J‐pouch‐anal anastomosis
Authors: Araki Toshimitsu , Okita Yoshiki , Kawamura Mikio , Kondo Satoru , Kobayashi Minako , Ohi Masaki , Toiyama Yuji , Tanaka Koji , Inoue Yasuhiro , Uchida Keiichi , Mohri Yasuhiko , Kusunoki Masato 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAfferent limb obstruction can be a persistent complication after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis. We present a case of afferent limb obstruction complicated by a long efferent limb of the ileal pouch that we successfully treated with side‐to‐side anastomosis of the afferent and efferent limbs. The procedure involved using a transanal endoscopic stapling device assisted by transanal endoscopy with a thin intestinal video endoscope. This allowed reliable, safe visualization of the lesion from the tight pouch‐anal anastomosis and facilitated repair with an endoscopic stapling device. Because the technique was performed without enterotomy, it reduced the risks of contamination and leakage from transabdominal small bowel anastomosis. Laparotomy view also prevented of injury to the pouch itself and entrapment of the mesentery of the afferent and efferent limbs of the pouch between the stapler anvils.
Syn‐kinematic sedimentation at a releasing splay in the northern Minwun Ranges, Sagaing Fault zone, Myanmar: significance for fault timing and displacement
Authors: Morley Chris K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Sagaing Fault zone is the largest active fault in SE Asia, whose current displacement rate of around 1.8 cm year−1 is well‐established from GPS data. Yet determining the timing of initiation and total displacement on the fault zone has proven controversial. The timing problem can potentially be resolved through a newly identified syn‐kinematic sedimentary section directly related to displacement on the Sagaing Fault in the northern Minwun Ranges. The northern part of the western strand of the Sagaing Fault has a releasing splay geometry that sets up a syn‐kinematic oblique‐extensional basin in its hangingwall, here called the North Minwun Basin. A series of thick ridges probably composed of alluvial fan and fluvial sandstones dipping between 20 and 70° to the north, and younging northwards comprise the basin fill over a distance of 40 km. Total stratigraphic thickness (not vertical thickness) is estimated at 25 km. The basin in terms of depositional geometries, large displacements, and large stratigraphic thickness and appearance on satellite images has parallels with the extensional Hornelen basin, Norway and the strike‐slip Ridge Basin, California. Minimum likely displacement on the fault strand is 40 km, and may possibly be in excess of 100 km. The remote and inaccessible basin has yet to be properly dated, likely ages range between Eocene and Miocene. When dated the basin will provide an important constraint on the timing of deformation. The potential for this basin to constrain the timing and displacement along the northern part of the Sagaing Fault has not been previously recognised.
Issues around childhood disclosure of HIV status – findings from a qualitative study in West Bengal, India
Authors: Das A. , Detels R. , Javanbakht M. , Panda S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionInforming the children living with HIV (CLH) about their disease (disclosure) is important from the perspective of disease treatment and overall psychosocial development. There are no published studies that qualitatively explored HIV disclosure‐related issues among CLH in India. Our aim was to provide insights into the perceptions of informal caregivers of CLH regarding childhood disclosure.MethodsChildren were defined as those aged <16 years. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 34 primary caregivers of CLH aged 8 to 15 years old who were residing in West Bengal, India. The participants were recruited with the help of a community‐based organization that provides need‐based services to people living with HIV.ResultsWe obtained caregivers' perspectives on the motivators and barriers of childhood disclosure. Health benefits such as medication adherence emerged as an important motivator, while distress caused by disclosure and potential for stigma were identified as barriers. Health care providers were the preferred disclosers for most caregivers, followed by the caregivers themselves. Some caregivers wanted their child to learn about his/her HIV status by him/herself. There was no consensus among the caregivers about the ideal age for disclosure. Many preferred to wait until the child attained maturity or was of marriageable age.DiscussionDisclosure of HIV status to children is an emotional issue, both for the caregiver and the child. Like most low‐or middle‐income countries, no standardized, age‐appropriate disclosure guidelines exist in India. Our findings advocate adoption of a multi‐faceted approach, including increased availability of social and familial support, for childhood HIV disclosure.
Alignment of threat, effort, and perceived success in North American conservation translocations
Authors: Brichieri‐Colombi Typhenn A. , Moehrenschlager Axel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe use of conservation translocations to mitigate human effects on biodiversity is increasing, but how these efforts are allocated remains unclear. Based on a comprehensive literature review and online author survey, we sought to determine the goals of translocation efforts, whether they focus on species and regions with high threat and likelihood of perceived success, and how success might be improved. We systematically searched the ISI Web of Knowledge and Academic Search Complete databases to determine the species and regions of conservation translocations and found 1863 articles on conservation translocations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Central America, and Caribbean published from 1974 to 2013. We questioned 330 relevant authors to determine the motivation for translocations, how translocations were evaluated, and obstacles encountered. Conservation translocations in North America were geographically widespread (in 21 countries), increased in frequency over time for all animal classes (from 1 in 1974 to 84 in 2013), and included 279 different species. Reintroductions and reinforcements were more common in the United States than in Canada and Mexico, Central America, or the Caribbean, and their prevalence was correlated with the number of species at risk at national and state or provincial levels. Translocated species had a higher threat status at state and provincial levels than globally (International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List categorization), suggesting that translocations may have been motivated by regional priorities rather than global risk. Our survey of authors was consistent with these results; most translocations were requested, supported, or funded by government agencies and downlisting species at national or state or provincial levels was the main goal. Nonetheless, downlisting was the least reported measure of success, whereas survival and reproduction of translocated individuals were the most reported. Reported barriers to success included biological factors such as animal mortality and nonbiological factors, such as financial constraints, which were less often considered in the selection of release sites. Our review thus highlights discrepancies between project goals and evaluation criteria and between risk factors considered and obstacles encountered, indicating room to further optimize translocation projects.
Using spatial patterns in illegal wildlife uses to reveal connections between subsistence hunting and trade
Authors: Sánchez‐Mercado Ada , Asmüssen Marianne , Rodríguez‐Clark Kathryn M. , Rodríguez Jon Paul , Jedrzejewski Wlodzimierz 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlthough most often considered independently, subsistence hunting, domestic trade, and international trade as components of illegal wildlife use (IWU) may be spatially correlated. Understanding how and where subsistence and commercial uses may co‐occur has important implications for the design and implementation of effective conservation actions. We analyzed patterns in the joint geographical distribution of illegal commercial and subsistence use of multiple wildlife species in Venezuela and evaluated whether available data were sufficient to provide accurate estimates of the magnitude, scope, and detectability of IWU. We compiled records of illegal subsistence hunting and trade from several sources and fitted a random‐forest classification model to predict the spatial distribution of IWUs. From 1969 to 2014, 404 species and 8,340,921 specimens were involved in IWU, for a mean extraction rate of 185,354 individuals/year. Birds were the most speciose group involved (248 spp.), but reptiles had the highest extraction rates (126,414 individuals/year vs. 3,133 individuals/year for birds). Eighty‐eight percent of international trade records spatially overlapped with domestic trade, especially in the north and along the coast but also in western inland areas. The distribution of domestic trade was broadly distributed along roads, suggesting that domestic trade does not depend on large markets in cities. Seventeen percent of domestic trade records overlapped with subsistence hunting, but the spatial distribution of this overlap covered a much larger area than between commercial uses. Domestic trade seems to respond to demand from rural more than urban communities. Our approach will be useful for understanding how IWU works at national scales in other parts of the world.
The effect of audiovisual distraction on the tolerability of flexible bronchoscopy: a randomized trial
Authors: Navidian Ali , Moulaei Nezarali , Ebrahimi Tabas Ebrahim , Solaymani Shahla 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveIt is important to minimize patient discomfort during invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures such as bronchoscopy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of audiovisual distraction on the tolerability of flexible bronchoscopy (FB).Materials and methodsWe conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled trial on patients undergoing FB at a hospital in Zahedan, Iran, in 2015. The patients were equally and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. Patients in the control group received standard care during FB While patients in the experimental group selected familiar folk music that was played during the procedure along with the screening of images of nature. The duration of the FB was recorded and cough, dyspnea, choking, nausea and pain were evaluated using a visual analogue scale before and after the procedure. Statistical analysis was carried out using paired and independentt‐tests, χ2‐tests and analysis of covariance.ResultsSixty patients met the inclusion criteria and were randomized. The duration of the FB procedure was significantly shorter in the experimental group compared with the control group (mean ± standard deviation 7.87 ± 2.12 min and 10.27 ± 1.72 min, respectively;P < 0.05). Dyspnea, cough and pain were significantly less severe in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < 0.05), but choking and nausea were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.1).ConclusionsOur findings showed that audiovisual distraction had a positive effect on the tolerability of FB. This method has important potential as a simple and practical approach in reducing discomfort during invasive diagnostic and treatment procedures.
Laser assisted Drug Delivery: Grundlagen und Praxis
Authors: Braun Stephan Alexander , Schrumpf Holger , Buhren Bettina Alexandra , Homey Bernhard , Gerber Peter Arne 
Published: April 2016

ZusammenfassungDie topische Applikation von Wirkstoffen ist eine zentrale Therapieoption der Dermatologie. Allerdings mindert die effektive Barrierefunktion der Haut die Bioverfügbarkeit der meisten Externa.Fraktionierte ablative Laser stellen ein innovatives Verfahren dar, um die epidermale Barriere standardisiert, kontaktfrei zu überwinden. Die Bioverfügbarkeit im Anschluss applizierter Externa wird im Sinne einer laser assisted drug delivery (LADD) signifikant gesteigert. Das Prinzip der LADD wird bereits in einigen Bereichen der Dermatologie erfolgreich eingesetzt. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit soll einen Überblick über die aktuellen aber auch perspektivischen Einsatzmöglichkeiten der LADD bieten.
Current options for the treatment of pathological scarring
Authors: Poetschke Julian , Gauglitz Gerd G. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryScarring is the consequence of surgery, trauma or different skin diseases. Apart from fresh, immature scars,that transform into mature scars over the course of would healing and that do not require further treatment,linear hypertrophic scars, widespread hypertrophic scars, keloids and atrophic scars exist. Symptoms like pruritusand pain, stigmatization as well as functional and aesthetic impairments that are very disturbing for the affected patients can bethe basis for the desire for treatment. Today, a multitude of options for the treatment and prevention of scars exists. Topical agents based on silicone or onion extract, intralesional injections of cristalline glucocorticoids (oftentimes in combinationwith cryotherapy) or 5‐Fluorouracil as well as ablative and nonablative laser treatment are used. Current guidelines summarize the multitude of available treatment options and the currently available datafor the treating physicians, allowing them to make clear therapy recommendations for every single scar type. Relieving patients of their discomfort and doing their aesthetic demands justice is thus possible. Apart from scar prevention becoming more and more important, the increased use of modernlaser treatment options constitutes a key point in clinical scar treatment. At the same time the attention is turned to evaluating current therapeutic options with the help of contemporary study designs so as to graduallyimprove the level of evidence in scar treatment.
Evidence that sex‐specific signals may support mate finding and limit aggregation in the dung beetle Aphodius fossor
Authors: MANNING PAUL , FORD JACK P. 
Published: April 2016

1. In temperate climates, dung is often colonised by several species of endocoprid (dwelling) dung beetles which use pats for feeding, shelter, and reproduction.2. Endocoprid beetles aggregate even when offered patches (dung pats) of consistent age, size, and origin, suggesting that beetles themselves might influence the attractiveness of patches to members of their own species. Both pheromones, and physical changes to the structure of dung pats caused by colonising beetles have been suggested as mechanisms facilitating intraspecific aggregation, but neither of these hypotheses have been empirically tested.3. Using a common European dung beetle (Aphodius fossor L.), we conducted a simple choice experiment designed to test whether (i) earlier colonisation by conspecifics could alter dung attractiveness and (ii) whether attraction was influenced by sex‐specific signals.4. We found that female beetles are repelled by dung colonised by conspecific females and are attracted to dung colonised by conspecific males. Male beetles show no evidence of attraction or repellence for dung colonised by either sex. Neither in females nor males was uncolonised dung found to be significantly more or less attractive than predicted by non‐preference.5. Our results suggest that for A. fossor male‐produced signals may support mate finding in patchy environments, and that female‐produced signals may serve to discourage subsequent colonisation by additional females.
State dependency of inhibitory control performance: an electrical neuroimaging study
Authors: De Pretto Michael , Sallard Etienne , Spierer Lucas 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBehavioral and brain responses to stimuli not only depend on their physical features but also on the individuals' neurocognitive states before stimuli onsets. While the influence of pre‐stimulus fluctuations in brain activity on low‐level perceptive processes is well established, the state dependency of high‐order executive processes remains unclear. Using a classical inhibitory control Go/NoGo task, we examined whether and how fluctuations in the brain activity during the period preceding the stimuli triggering inhibition influenced inhibitory control performance. Seventeen participants completed the Go/NoGo task while 64‐channel electroencephalogram was recorded. We compared the event‐related potentials preceding the onset of the NoGo stimuli associated with inhibition failures false alarms (FA) vs. successful inhibition correct rejections (CR) with data‐driven statistical analyses of global measures of the topography and strength of the scalp electric field. Distributed electrical source estimations were used to localize the origin of the event‐related potentials modulations. We observed differences in the global field power of the event‐related potentials (FA > CR) without concomitant topographic modulations over the 40 ms period immediately preceding NoGo stimuli. This result indicates that the same brain networks were engaged in the two conditions, but more strongly before FA than CR. Source estimations revealed that this effect followed from a higher activity before FA than CR within bilateral inferior frontal gyri and the right inferior parietal lobule. These findings suggest that uncontrolled quantitative variations in pre‐stimulus activity within attentional and control brain networks influence inhibition performance. The present data thereby demonstrate the state dependency of cognitive processes of up to high‐order executive levels.
Mate‐seeking and oviposition behavior of Chyliza vittata (Diptera: Psilidae) infesting the leafless orchid Gastrodia elata
Authors: Sugiura Naoto 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe psilid fly Chyliza vittata is a leaf miner or stem borer of some orchids in Europe and Japan but few studies on its behavior have been published. Here I describe aspects of the reproductive behavior of the species infesting Gastrodia elata, a leafless orchid. Male mate‐seeking behavior occurred on flowering G. elata plants that were attractive to egg‐laden females, and indeed copulation was observed. Although two or more males were commonly seen on an orchid stem without interaction, males occasionally reacted aggressively toward other males. Females laid eggs on the flowers, floral buds or bracts as well as into the flowers, using their “ovipositor”. Almost all orchids studied eventually produced mature capsules; therefore G. elata seemed to suffer limited damage from infestation by C. vittata. Information regarding a natural enemy and pupation habits is also provided.
Distinctive molecular responses to ultraviolet radiation between keratinocytes and melanocytes
Authors: Sun Xiaoyun , Kim Arianna , Nakatani Masashi , Shen Yao , Liu Liang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSolar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the major risk factor for skin carcinogenesis. To gain new insights into the molecular pathways mediating UVR effects in the skin, we performed comprehensive transcriptomic analyses to identify shared and distinctive molecular responses to UVR between human keratinocytes and melanocytes. Keratinocytes and melanocytes were irradiated with varying doses of UVB (10, 20 and 30 mJ/cm2) then analysed by RNA‐Seq at different time points post‐UVB radiation (4, 24 and 72 h). Under basal conditions, keratinocytes and melanocytes expressed similar number of genes, although they each expressed a distinctive subset of genes pertaining to their specific cellular identity. Upon UVB radiation, keratinocytes displayed a clear pattern of time‐ and dose‐dependent changes in gene expression that was different from melanocytes. The early UVB‐responsive gene set (4 h post‐UVR) differed significantly from delayed UVB‐responsive gene sets (24 and 72 h). We also identified multiple novel UVB signature genes including PRSS23, SERPINH1, LCE3D and CNFN, which were conserved between melanocyte and keratinocyte lines from different individuals. Taken together, our findings elucidated both common and distinctive molecular features between melanocytes and keratinocytes and uncovered novel UVB signature genes that might be utilized to predict UVB photobiological effects on the skin.
Any route for melanoblasts to colonize the skin!
Authors: Petit Valérie , Larue Lionel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMelanocytes arise from the fourth embryonic layer, the neural crest. They emerge from the roof plate of the neural tube and migrate throughout the body. In mammals, these cells have the capacity to migrate in any type of environment and use various pathways and mechanisms to colonize the skin and hair, and for their maintenance throughout the life of the animal.