bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-Related Quality of Life After Neonatal Treatment of Symptomatic Tetralogy of Fallot: Insights from the Congenital Cardiac Research Collaborative
Authors: Nicholson George T. , Zampi Jeffrey D. , Glatz Andrew C. , Goldstein Bryan H. , Petit Christopher J. , Zhang Yun , McCracken Courtney E. , Qureshi Athar M. , Goldberg Caren S. , Romano Jennifer C. , Law Mark A. , Meadows Jeffery J. , Shahanavaz Shabana , Batlivala Sarosh P. , Maskatia Shiraz A. , Beshish Asaad , O’Byrne Michael L. , Ligon R. Allen , Stack Kathryn O. , Khan Hala Q. , Parekh Shalin , Ilardi Dawn L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the association between initial management strategy of neonatal symptomatic Tetralogy of Fallot (sTOF) and later health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes. We performed a multicenter, cross-sectional evaluation of a previously assembled cohort of infants with sTOF who underwent initial intervention at ≤ 30 days of age, between 2005 and 2017. Eligible patients’ parents/guardians completed an age-appropriate Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, a Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Cardiac Module Heart Disease Symptoms Scale, and a parental survey. The association between treatment strategy and HRQOL was evaluated, and the entire sTOF cohort was compared to published values for the healthy pediatric population and to children with complex congenital heart disease and other chronic illness. The study cohort included 143 sTOF subjects, of which 59 underwent a primary repair, and 84 had a staged repair approach. There was no association between initial management strategy and lower HRQOL. For the entire cohort, in general, individual domain scores decreased as age sequentially increased. Across domain measurements, mean scores for the sTOF cohort were significantly lower than the healthy pediatric population and comparable to those with other forms of complex CHD and other chronic health conditions. The presence of a genetic syndrome was significantly associated with a poor HRQOL (p = 0.003). Initial treatment strategy for sTOF was not associated with differences in late HRQOL outcomes, though the overall HRQOL in this sTOF cohort was significantly lower than the general population, and comparable to others with chronic illness.
Differential analysis of the impact of lesions’ location on clinical and radiological outcomes after the implantation of a novel aragonite-based scaffold to treat knee cartilage defects
Authors: Conte Pietro , Anzillotti Giuseppe , Crawford Dennis C. , Dasa Vinod , Flanigan David C. , Nordt William E. , Scopp Jason M. , Meislin Robert J. , Strauss Eric J. , Strickland Sabrina M. , Fiorentino Gennaro , Lattermann Christian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
There is limited comparative evidence on patient outcomes following cartilage repair in various knee compartments. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and imaging outcomes after treating cartilage defects in femoral condyles and trochlea with either an aragonite-based scaffold or surgical standard of care (SSoC, i.e., debridement/microfractures) in a large multicentre randomized controlled trial.

Methods
247 patients with up to three knee joint surface lesions (ICRS grade IIIa or above) in the femoral condyles, trochlea or both (“mixed”), were enrolled and randomized to surgery with either a cell-free aragonite scaffold or SSoC. Patients were followed for up to 48 months by analysing subjective scores (KOOS and IKDC), radiological outcomes (defect filling on MRI), as well as treatment failure rates and adverse events. A differential analysis of outcomes for condylar, trochlear and mixed lesions was performed.

Results
The scaffold group significantly outperformed the SSoC group regardless of lesion location with statistically significantly better KOOS Overall scores at 24 months (all p ≤ 0.0009) and 48 months (all p ≤ 0.02). Similar results were observed for KOOS subscales and IKDC scores. For KOOS responder rates, superiority of the implant group was demonstrated at 24, 36, and 48 months (all p ≤ 0.004). Higher defect filling on MRI for implants was observed for all locations. Lower treatment failure rates for the implant were observed in condylar and mixed lesions.

Conclusion
The aragonite-based scaffold was safe and effective regardless of the defect location, providing superior clinical and radiological outcomes compared to SSoC up to four years follow-up.

Level of evidence
I – Randomized controlled trial.
Optimizing individualized therapy decision-making in multiple myeloma (MM): integration and impact of the Revised Myeloma Comorbidity Index in the MM-tumor board
Authors: Dreyling Esther , Ihorst Gabriele , Reinhardt Heike , Räder Jan , Holler Maximilian , Herget Georg , Greil Christine , Wäsch Ralph , Engelhardt Monika 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMultiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematological disease predominantly affecting elderly patients. The complexity of current treatment necessitates individualized approaches. Therein, functional assessment (FA) tools, such as the Revised Comorbidity Index (R-MCI) at our University- and Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, play a crucial role. This study aimed to determine (a) the implementation of the R-MCI in our MM-tumor board (MM-TB), (b) its impact on treatment guidance at baseline and (c) potential changes during follow-up. This exploratory study investigated R-MCI coverage and distribution in a cohort of patients with multiple TB presentations. Among them, a follow-up patient cohort undergoing subsequent MM-therapy was analyzed to determine treatment adjustments and changes in patients’ condition measured by R-MCI alterations. During our 3-year assessment period, 565 patients were presented in our MM-TB, totaling 1256 TB-presentations. In the multiple TB presentation cohort, the median number of TB presentations was 3 (range: 2–12). R-MCI scores within the MM-TB were available in 94%, whereas in 6%, the R-MCI had not been integrated. Among these, potential failure to identify the need for treatment modifications was determined. In the follow-up cohort, patient characteristics were typical for referral/university centers. Dose reductions were performed in 55% and were more prevalent among patients with ≥ 4 vs. lesser TB presentations. Most patients (55%) showed a fitness stabilization or improvement via follow-up R-MCI. R-MCI integration in MM-TB exceeded > 90%, indicating its successful integration for treatment support. Our results underscore its value in guiding therapy decisions, providing a comprehensive assessment beyond age considerations.
Hypoalbuminemia in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: relation to asparaginase therapy and impact on high dose methotrexate elimination
Authors: Christensen Sophie Rex , Jensen Christina Friis , Heldrup Jesper , Taylor Zachary , Ramsey Laura B. , Rosthøj Steen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) therapy is an important component in treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Courses are associated with a risk of renal injury, delayed elimination, and increased systemic toxicity. Recently hypoalbuminemia has been recognized as yet another risk factor.

Methods
To examine the impact of serum albumin we reviewed 325 HDMTX 5 g/m2 courses in a cohort of 51 children treated on the NOPHO ALL 2008 protocol, dividing the courses into four groups with different levels of baseline albumin (A < 25 g/L, B 25–29 g/L, C 30–34 g/L and D ≥ 35 g/L).

Results
Hypoalbuminemia was present in 51% of the courses, mostly in the early phases of chemotherapy while asparaginase therapy is ongoing, and especially if given less than 2 weeks after a dose (78%). Hypoalbuminemia had a significant impact on the end-of-infusion serum MTX, depending on the degree of hypoalbuminemia: MTX > 150 µM was seen in 37%, 32%, 20% and 8% in groups A to D. Serum albumin < 30 g/L was significantly associated with low MTX clearance < 10 L/h/1.73m2 (78% vs. 36%) and high AUC ≥ 1000 µM*h (44% vs. 31%). The frequency of rising creatinine or prolonged elimination was not increased, but the risk of stomatitis was significantly higher (42% vs. 19%).

Conclusion
Low serum albumin is caused by concurrent asparaginase therapy and has a clinically significant impact on MTX disposition. Guidelines for administering HDMTX may need adjustment if serum albumin < 30 g/L, and, if possible, HDMTX courses should not be scheduled soon after asparaginase doses.
Non-linearity and the distribution of market-based loss rates
Authors: Nagl Matthias , Nagl Maximilian , Rösch Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe synthesize the extended linear beta regression with a neural network structure to model and predict the mean and precision of market-based loss rates. We can incorporate non-linearity in mean and precision in a flexible way and resolve the problem of specifying the underlying form in advance. As a novelty, we can show that the proportion of non-linearity for the mean estimates is $$14.10\%$$

14.10
%

and $$80.37\%$$

80.37
%

for the precision estimates. This implies that especially the shape of the loss rate distribution entails a large amount of non-linearity and, thus, our approach consistently outperforms its linear counterpart. Furthermore, we derive trainable activation functions to allow a data-driven estimation of their shape. This is important if predictions have to be in a certain interval, e.g., (0, 1) or $$(0,\infty )$$

(
0
,
∞
)

. Conducting a scenario analysis, we observe that our estimated distributions are more refined compared to traditional models, thereby demonstrating their suitability for risk management purposes. These estimated distributions can assist financial institutions in better identifying diverse risk profiles among their creditors and across various macroeconomic states.
Accelerating high order discontinuous Galerkin solvers through a clustering-based viscous/turbulent-inviscid domain decomposition
Authors: Otmani Kheir-Eddine , Mateo-Gabín Andrés , Rubio Gonzalo , Ferrer Esteban 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe explore the unsupervised clustering technique introduced in Otmani et al. (Phys Fluids 35:027112, 2023) to identify viscous/turbulent from inviscid regions in incompressible flows. The separation of regions allows solving the Navier–Stokes equations including Large Eddy Simulation closure models only in the viscous/turbulent ones, while solving the Euler equations in the remaining of the computational domain. By solving different sets of equations, the computational cost is significantly reduced. This coupling strategy is implemented within a discontinuous Galerkin numerical framework, which allows discontinuous solutions (i.e., different sets of equations) in neighboring elements that interact through numerical fluxes. The proposed strategy maintains the same accuracy at lower cost, when compared to solving the full Navier–Stokes equations throughout the entire domain. Validation of this approach is conducted across diverse flow regimes, spanning from unsteady laminar flows to unsteady turbulent flows, including an airfoil section at Reynolds numbers $$Re=10^3$$

R
e
=

10
3

and $$10^4$$

10
4

and large angles of attack, and the flow past a wind turbine, modelled using actuator lines. The computational cost is reduced by $$25\%$$

25
%

and $$29\%$$

29
%

for the unsteady turbulent flow around an airfoil section and the flow past the wind turbine, respectively. In addition, to further accelerate the simulations, we combine the proposed decoupling with local P-adaptation, as proposed in Tlales et al. (Eng Comput, 2024). When doing so, we reduce the computational cost by $$41\%$$

41
%

and $$45\%$$

45
%

for the flow around the airfoil section and the flow past the wind turbine, respectively.
Correlation of sino-nasal outcome test and nasal polyp score in dupilumab-treated chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Mauthe Tina , Ryser Fabio S. , Brühlmann Catrin , Yalamanoglu Ayla , Meerwein Christian , Steiner Urs C. , Soyka Michael B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The alignment between objective scores and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is underexplored. This study aimed to assess changes in Nasal Polyp Score (NPS) and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT) scores in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients undergoing dupilumab treatment and explore correlations between these scores.

Methods
CRSwNP patients received dupilumab therapy for six months. SNOT-20 German Adapted Version (GAV)/SNOT-22 scores were assessed weekly, and NPS was measured at baseline and after one, three, and six months. Correlations were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation and regression analysis.

Results
69 patients were included. After one, three and six months of dupilumab therapy, SNOT and NPS scores improved significantly. Correlation analysis of SNOT and NPS showed significant correlations only within the nasal subscores, along with a weak trend for SNOT-20. Absolute changes over time lacked significance. However, correlation analysis revealed significant associations between relative changes in SNOT score and NPS, irrespective of timing, and when stratified by baseline NPS of 8, 6, and 4 (r = -0.54, p = 0.01; r = -0.44, p < 0.001; r = -0.7, p < 0.001). This was supported by linear regression modeling, suggesting potential predictive capability of NPS reduction on relative SNOT score improvement.

Conclusion
Dupilumab therapy significantly improved subjective and objective CRSwNP scores, exhibiting weak correlations in absolute values for nasal subscores. Furthermore, evidence indicated a correlation between relative changes in SNOT score and NPS, substantiated by predictive capability. This might be due to subjective perception variability, highlighting the suitability of relative change correlation analysis.
Automated analysis of heart sound signals in screening for structural heart disease in children
Authors: Papunen I. , Ylänen K. , Lundqvist O. , Porkholm M. , Rahkonen O. , Mecklin M. , Eerola A. , Kallio M. , Arola A. , Niemelä J. , Jaakkola I. , Poutanen T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOur aim was to investigate the ability of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithm to differentiate innocent murmurs from pathologic ones. An AI-based algorithm was developed using heart sound recordings collected from 1413 patients at the five university hospitals in Finland. The corresponding heart condition was verified using echocardiography. In the second phase of the study, patients referred to Helsinki New Children’s Hospital due to a heart murmur were prospectively assessed with the algorithm, and then the results were compared with echocardiography findings. Ninety-eight children were included in this prospective study. The algorithm classified 72 (73%) of the heart sounds as normal and 26 (27%) as abnormal. Echocardiography was normal in 63 (64%) children and abnormal in 35 (36%). The algorithm recognized abnormal heart sounds in 24 of 35 children with abnormal echocardiography and normal heart sounds with normal echocardiography in 61 of 63 children. When the murmur was audible, the sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm were 83% (24/29) (confidence interval (CI) 64–94%) and 97% (59/61) (CI 89–100%), respectively.Conclusion: The algorithm was able to distinguish murmurs associated with structural cardiac anomalies from innocent murmurs with good sensitivity and specificity. The algorithm was unable to identify heart defects that did not cause a murmur. Further research is needed on the use of the algorithm in screening for heart murmurs in primary health care.

What is Known:• Innocent murmurs are common in children, while the incidence of moderate or severe congenital heart defects is low. Auscultation plays a significant role in assessing the need for further examinations of the murmur. The ability to differentiate innocent murmurs from those related to congenital heart defects requires clinical experience on the part of general practitioners. No AI-based auscultation algorithms have been systematically implemented in primary health care.

What is New:• We developed an AI-based algorithm using a large dataset of sound samples validated by echocardiography. The algorithm performed well in recognizing pathological and innocent murmurs in children from different age groups.
The fed-batch production of mannosylerythritol lipids by Ustilago maydis DSM 4500 from hydrophilic carbon sources
Authors: Valkenburg André D. , Teke George M. , Pott Robert W. M. , van Rensburg Eugéne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlycolipids are a class of widely studied biosurfactants with excellent applicability in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. This class of biosurfactants includes mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), which have gained particular interest due to their moisturizing and healing activity for dry and damaged human skin, arising from conditions such as eczema. Traditionally, MELs have been produced by growing certain basidiomycetous yeasts on vegetable oils. However, oils are a comparatively expensive substrate, which negatively affects the economic performance of MEL production. In addition to this, vegetable oils significantly complicate the downstream processing required to produce a product with the required purity for most applications. To address these challenges, this study investigated MEL-A production exclusively from hydrophilic carbon sources by Ustilago maydis DSM 4500. By implementing a fed-batch production strategy, maximum MEL-A concentration of 0.87 g/L was achieved from glucose exclusively. Also, adding micronutrients (such as MnSO4) to MEL-A production showed a 24.1% increase in the product titer, implying other metabolites are formed, favoring MEL production.
Reachability of Fair Allocations via Sequential Exchanges
Authors: Igarashi Ayumi , Kamiyama Naoyuki , Suksompong Warut , Yuen Sheung Man 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the allocation of indivisible goods, a prominent fairness notion is envy-freeness up to one good (EF1). We initiate the study of reachability problems in fair division by investigating the problem of whether one EF1 allocation can be reached from another EF1 allocation via a sequence of exchanges such that every intermediate allocation is also EF1. We show that two EF1 allocations may not be reachable from each other even in the case of two agents, and deciding their reachability is PSPACE-complete in general. On the other hand, we prove that reachability is guaranteed for two agents with identical or binary utilities as well as for any number of agents with identical binary utilities. We also examine the complexity of deciding whether there is an EF1 exchange sequence that is optimal in the number of exchanges required.
Improving patient’s medical history classification using a feature construction approach based on situation awareness and granular computing
Authors: Lepore Mario , Plenzich Elvira , Tufano Roberto , Cerulli Raffaele , Maccioni Raffaele 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHealthcare decision support systems aid physicians in disease classification by analyzing patients’ medical histories to suggest preliminary diagnoses. As physicians largely base their analysis on anamnesis, integrating this process into an automated recommendation system can expedite decision-making and transition to relevant clinical investigations, thus enhancing efficiency in diagnosing potential pathologies. In this research, an innovative method for feature construction is introduced, drawing on the concepts of Situation Awareness and Granular Computing. The aim of this method is to enhance the performance of out-of-the-box classification algorithms used in machine learning. The approach is specifically tailored to mimic physicians’ cognitive processes when analyzing a patient’s medical history, resulting in the generation of new, information-dense features that can be used for classification tasks. By employing this strategy, a deeper comprehension of the data can be achieved, as well as a more precise categorization of anamneses in relation to possible medical conditions. To authenticate the efficacy of the proposed technique, three major disease categories, namely cardiac, gastrointestinal, and thyroid, were considered. The dataset comprised 1213 medical histories. The experimental results indicate that the study’s six classifiers attained a balanced accuracy exceeding 90%. Among these, the SVM classifier demonstrated the highest balanced accuracy at 93%. Overall, the proposed approach resulted in an average increase of 16 percentage points in balanced accuracy, representing an improvement over the traditional methods commonly employed in machine learning. This approach could be integrated into a clinical decision support system, aiding physicians in accurately identifying necessary investigations and expediting diagnosis.
Zircon U–Pb CA–ID–TIMS constraints on the chronology of the Late Carboniferous–early Permian continental Döhlen Basin and its correlation with the Thuringian Forest Basin (Central and Eastern Germany)
Authors: Käßner Alexandra , Tichomirowa Marion , Rößler Ronny , Görz Ines 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe present new zircon U–Pb chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA–ID–TIMS) ages of two Late Carboniferous–early Permian continental basins in Germany. Three volcanic rocks from the Döhlen Basin (Saxony), and two tuff samples of the Thuringian Forest Basin (Thuringia) were dated. Our data indicate that all four formations of the Döhlen Basin were deposited in the interval of approx. 300 Ma to 298 Ma. The tuff samples of the Thuringian Forest Basin provided ages that overlap with the Döhlen Basin data. The Niederhäslich Formation of the Döhlen Basin and the Manebach and Goldlauter formations of the Thuringian Forest Basin contain fossil-rich lacustrine horizons, which have been correlated to a variety of formations in other European basins through the use of insect, amphibian, or conchostracan assemblage zones. Our new data thus provide new absolute age constraints for different fossil assemblage zones. Furthermore, the data can be considered a strong indication for simultaneous large-scale volcanic activity between 300 and 298 Ma. A relation between volcanic and post-Variscan transtensional tectonic activity is proposed because both the Döhlen Basin and the Thuringian Forest Basin are bound to NW trending strike-slip faults.
Graphical abstract