bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Panorama fenomenológico de la evolución del perfil potencial de componentes binarios del grupo III-V
Authors: Mendoza Álvarez Alejandro , Fernández Anaya Guillermo , Flores-Godoy José Job , Diago-Cisneros Leo 
Published: July 2016

En este artículo se analiza el cambio del perfil potencial dispersor en algunos compuestos, considerando el efecto de mezcla de huecos ligeros y pesados. Esto se obtiene aplicando el Teorema de Shur´s Generalizado al problema cuadrático de autovalores obtenido a partir del problema que surge de un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales N-acoplado del segundo orden, en el marco de la Aproximación de Masa Efectiva Multibanda. Consideramos energías incidentes menores, iguales y mayores que la altura de la barrera del potencial dispersor para diferentes compuesto binarios semiconductores del grupo III-V. En la descripción del perfil del potencial, empleamos el modelo de bandas de Kohn-lutinger (4x4) y (2x2) por completitud. Las propiedades estándar como pozo cuántico o barrera potencial de los compuestos binarios considerados, resultaron en lo general garantizadas, mas no todos los materiales seleccionados mostraron la evolución esperada en su perfil potencial: algunos que constituyen pozos cuánticos (QW) en aplicaciones tecnológicas, presentaron un comportamiento de barrera potencial efectiva (B) para huecos ligeros (lh), a diferentes rangos de energía incidente E y diferentes mezclas. En este estudio, ninguno de los compuestos con comportamiento de barrera en aplicaciones tecnológicas, evolucionó a un comportamiento de QW efectivo, válido tanto para lh como hh. Sorprendentemente todos los compuestos en este estudio que constituyen barreras en aplicaciones tecnológicas, presentaron transiciones desde QW a B para lh en el rango donde el valor de la energía es mayor que la altura de la barrera Vo.
Análisis de EEA en la corrosión de cobre utilizado en la industria electrónica de ambientes áridos y marinos
Authors: López-Badilla Gustavo , Tiznado-Vázquez Hugo , Soto-Herrera Gerardo 
Published: July 2016

El proceso de oxidación (PO) que ocurre en superficies de cobre (Cu), de conexiones y conectores eléctricos de equipos electrónicos, instalados en la industria electrónica del noroeste de México, es un factor importante para determinar la velocidad de corrosión (VC) de este metal. La VCobtenida de la instalación de probetas metálicas de cobre en empresas, una en Ensenada (ambiente marino) que manufactura videojuegos, y una en Mexicali (zona árida), que fabrica computadoras personales; indicaron el grado de deterioro del Cu. La VC en cada ciudad fue determinada por el método gravimétrico, y se incrementaba o mantenía conforme al tipo de películas delgadas formadas en los metales: películas porosas y no porosas. Se realizó una correlación de la VC con datos de sulfatos (SOX) y cloruros (Cl-), obtenidos con la técnica de platos de sulfatación (TPS) y el método de la vela húmeda (MVH). Los análisis de VC en ambas ciudades, mostro una representación casi lineal en Mexicali, indicando la VC aumentando rápidamente y en Ensenada una curva parabólica, con un incremento lento. Se caracterizaron productos de corrosión por microscopía electrónica de barrido (MBE) y las películas de Cu formados con la técnica de espectroscopía de electrones Auger (EEA), representando los agentes contaminantes que reaccionaron con la superficie de cobre en cada ciudad. Los perfiles de análisis de profundidad, muestran incrementos y decrementos de carbono, oxígeno, sulfatos, cloruros y cobre, respecto a un periodo de tiempo, indicando el grosor de cada película formada en la superficie de Cu, para el PO en las dos ciudades. El valor máximo de la VC en Ensenada fue 188 mg/m2.año, y en Mexicali de 299 mg/m2.año.
¿La experiencia es la única forma de mejorar el discurso público en la ciencia?
Authors: Del Monte-Luna Pablo , Guzmán del Próo Sergio Antonio , Cruz-Escalona Víctor Hugo 
Published: July 2016

Introducción: Cualquier practicante de ciencia está frecuentemente expuesto al discurso público (DP): conferencias, congresos, simposios, talleres, etc. Por ello, es imprescindible saber comunicar las ideas con claridad y contundencia en una presentación oral. Usualmente, profesionistas y estudiantes enfrentan estas situaciones utilizando el sentido común, asumiendo que las habilidades para dar una buena presentación oral se adquieren con la práctica. Sin embargo es común ver profesionistas que a pesar de tener años de experiencia en foros de DP, siguen haciendo presentaciones orales muy deficientes. La hipótesis de este trabajo es que la práctica, por sí misma, puede no ser la única forma de adquirir dichas habilidades, sino que también es posible mejorar el desempeño en las presentaciones orales mediante la enseñanza de las bases científicas del DP.Método: Tras una presentación oral individual de 10 minutos, se aplicó una prueba de desempeño en el DP (prueba Rapee) a un grupo de alumnos de posgrado en ciencias marinas antes y después de tomar un curso de DP. En el curso se enseñó la ciencia que existe detrás del DP, los protocolos del DP en la ciencia y la aplicación de los principios del diseño gráfico en el material de apoyo visual de una presentación oral. Los resultados de la prueba Rapee aplicada antes y después del curso se compararon mediante un análisis de diferencias de medias de muestras independientes (p valor de 0.05).Resultados: la calificación promedio del grupo en la prueba Rapee antes de que los alumnos tomaran el curso, se situó en un nivel de bajo desempeño (48 puntos de 68). Después de haber cursado la materia, este promedio se incrementó significativamente (de 48 a 57 puntos). Discusión o Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que los alumnos, independientemente de su experiencia, pueden mejorar su desempeño en el DP y desarrollar presentaciones orales eficientes si se les instruye apropiadamente con los conocimientos básicos del DP. Si a esto se le suma una práctica constante, el resultado será un dominio profesional de las presentaciones orales. Al menos en la comunidad científica son pocos los que desarrollan naturalmente habilidades para el DP, por lo que resulta recomendable para la mayoría recibir una apropiada instrucción sobre los aspectos científicos fundamentales del DP.
Wastewater GHG Accounting Protocols as Compared to the State of GHG Science
Authors: Willis John L. , Yuan Zhiguo , Murthy Sudhir 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT: Greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting protocols have addressed emissions from wastewater conveyance and treatment using a variety of simplifying methodologies. While these methodologies vary to some degree by protocol, within each protocol they provide consistent tools for organizational entities of varying size and scope to report and verify GHG emissions. Much of the science supporting these methodologies is either limited or the protocols have failed to keep abreast of developing GHG research. This state‐of‐the‐art review summarizes the sources of direct GHG emissions (both those covered and not covered in current protocols) from wastewater handling; provides a review of the wastewater‐related methodologies in a select group of popular protocols; and discusses where research has out‐paced protocol methodologies and other areas where the supporting science is relatively weak and warrants further exploration.
Ammonia Nitrogen Transformations in a Reactor with Aggregate made of Sewage Sludge Combustion Fly Ash
Authors: Rodziewicz Joanna , Mielcarek Artur , Janczukowicz Wojciech , Białowiec Andrzej , Gotkowska‐Płachta Anna , Proniewicz Marcin 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT: The influence of light weight aggregate made of fly ash from sewage sludge thermal treatment (FASSTT LWA) on ammonia nitrogen metabolism, and on quantitative and qualitative changes of microorganisms colonizing the filling, was investigated. Two reactors were used in the experiment. The first was filled with gravel, the other with FASSTT LWA. The reactors were operated with a wastewater hydraulic loading rate of 5 mm3 mm−2 d−1. During the eleven‐week experiment, high efficiency of ammonia removal was observed. The lower concentrations of nitrites and nitrates in the effluent indicate that ammonia nitrogen removal resulted not just from nitrification. Nitrate concentration increase was reflected in a decrease in nitrogen removal efficiency. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that in the period when ammonia nitrogen and nitrites were present in the reactor's FASSTT LWA filling, facilitating conditions occurred for the deammonification process.
PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA KELAS IV SD
Authors: Suryansah Titi , Suwarjo Suwarjo 
Published: July 2016

<p align="center"><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Abstrak</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media video pembelajaran yang layak dan efektif dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar kognitif bagi siswa kelas IV SD Gugus Pacarejo, Kecamatan Semanu, Gunungkidul. Penelitian ini menggunakan langkah pengembangan menurut Borg &amp; Gall, tetapi desain pengembangan media video pembelajaran ini hanya meliputi 9 langkah, yaitu (1) studi pendahuluan, (2) perencanaan, (3) pengembangan produk awal, (4) uji coba awal, (5) revisi produk awal, (6) uji coba lapangan, (7) revisi produk hasil uji coba lapangan, (8) uji coba lapangan operasional, dan (9) revisi produk akhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media video pembelajaran layak digunakan menurut ahli materi dan ahli media dengan kategori “baik”. Produk yang dikembangkan juga terbukti efektif meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar kognitif siswa kelas IV SD Gugus Pacarejo. Rata-rata skor motivasi dan nilai hasil belajar kognitif pada kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol. </span></p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Abstract</span></em></strong></p><p><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This research aims to produce an instructional video media that is feasible and effective for increasing the motivation and cognitive learning outcomes of 4<sup>th</sup> grade students of SD Gugus Pacarejo, Kecamatan Semanu, Gunungkidul. This research is a research and development study from Borg &amp; Gall model, but the design of an instructional video media consists of only nine steps, including (1) preliminary study, (2) planning, (3) preliminary product development, (4) preliminary field testing, (5) main product revision, (6) main field testing, (7) operational product revision, (8) operational field testing, (9) final product revision.The results are as follows the developed instructional video media is fit use according to the media expert and material expert, which is in a good category. The developed instructional video media is effective for increasing the motivation and learning outcome of the 4<sup>th</sup> grade students of SD Gugus Pacarejo. The average score of motivation and the value of the cognitive learning in the experimental class which is higher than that of the control class. </span></em></p><p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: instructional video media, learning motivation, cognitive learning outcomes</em></span></p>
Integrating CanMEDS competencies into global health electives: an innovative elective program
Authors: Valani Rahim , Sriharan Abi , Scolnik Dennis 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTGlobalization has opened the doors for medical students to undertake international health electives, providing an opportunity for them to gain valuable competencies and skills outside their formal curriculum. As the number of medical students embarking on these electives increases, there is a need to structure the electives with specific learning objectives and to ensure adequate educational outcomes.We describe the International Pediatric Emergency Medicine Elective (IPEME), which is a novel global health elective that brings together students from Canada and the Middle East who are selected on the basis of a competitive application process and brought to Toronto for a 4-week living and studying experience. The program was introduced in 2004 and uses four specific areas to provide its structure: pediatric emergency medicine, global health, leadership, and peace building. The elective uses core CanMEDS competencies to foster cross-cultural dialogue, networking, and cooperation and fulfills the program's aim of using health as a bridge to peace.The lessons learned from the curriculum planning and implementation process are highlighted and the impact of the program explored to help provide a framework for developing similar international electives.
Patient safety in emergency medical services: executive summary and recommendations from the Niagara Summit
Authors: Bigham Blair L. , Bull Ellen , Morrison Merideth , Burgess Rob , Maher Janet , Brooks Steven C. , Morrison Laurie J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel care for patients in challenging and dynamic environments that may contribute to an increased risk for adverse events. However, little is known about the risks to patient safety in the EMS setting. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review of the literature, including nonrandomized, noncontrolled studies, conducted qualitative interviews of key informants, and, with the assistance of a pan-Canadian advisory board, hosted a 1-day summit of 52 experts in the field of EMS patient safety. The intent of the summit was to review available research, discuss the issues affecting prehospital patient safety, and discuss interventions that might improve the safety of the EMS industry. The primary objective was to define the strategic goals for improving patient safety in EMS. Participants represented all geographic regions of Canada and included administrators, educators, physicians, researchers, and patient safety experts. Data were collected through electronic voting and qualitative analysis of the discussions. The group reached consensus on nine recommendations to increase awareness, reduce adverse events, and suggest research and educational directions in EMS patient safety: increasing awareness of patient safety principles, improving adverse event reporting through creating nonpunitive reporting systems, supporting paramedic clinical decision making through improved research and education, policy changes, using flexible algorithms, adopting patient safety strategies from other disciplines, increasing funding for research in patient safety, salary support for paramedic researchers, and access to graduate training in prehospital research.
Conservative management of laryngeal perforation in a rural setting: case report and review of the literature on penetrating neck injuries
Authors: Kolber Michael R. , Aspler Anne , Sequeira Richard 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTPenetrating neck injuries (PNIs) are infrequent but can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Although surgical management of unstable patients with penetrating neck trauma is the standard of care, management of stable patients remains controversial owing to the possibility of occult injuries. Recent studies suggest that physical examination and ancillary imaging may be sufficiently accurate to diagnose or rule out surgically significant injuries in PNI. We report a patient with a laryngeal perforation who was managed conservatively in a rural hospital without complications and review the literature pertinent to cases of this nature.
Prioritizing performance measurement for emergency department care: consensus on evidencebased quality of care indicators
Authors: Schull Michael J. , Guttmann Astrid , Leaver Chad A. , Vermeulen Marian , Hatcher Caroline M. , Rowe Brian H. , Zwarenstein Merrick , Anderson Geoffrey M. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:Background:The evaluation of emergency department (ED) quality of care is hampered by the absence of consensus on appropriate measures. We sought to develop a consensus on a prioritized and parsimonious set of evidence-based quality of care indicators for EDs.Methods:The process was led by a nationally representative steering committee and expert panel (representatives from hospital administration, emergency medicine, health information, government, and provincial quality councils). A comprehensive review of the scientific literature was conducted to identify candidate indicators. The expert panel reviewed candidate indicators in a modified Delphi panel process using electronic surveys; final decisions on inclusion of indicators were made by the steering committee in a guided nominal group process with facilitated discussion. Indicators in the final set were ranked based on their priority for measurement. A gap analysis identified areas where future indicator development is needed. A feasibility study of measuring the final set of indicators using current Canadian administrative databases was conducted.Results:A total of 170 candidate indicators were generated from the literature; these were assessed based on scientific soundness and their relevance or importance. Using predefined scoring criteria in two rounds of surveys, indicators were coded as “retained” (53), “discarded” (78), or “borderline” (39). A final set of 48 retained indicators was selected and grouped in nine categories (patient satisfaction, ED operations, patient safety, pain management, pediatrics, cardiac conditions, respiratory conditions, stroke, and sepsis or infection). Gap analysis suggested the need for new indicators in patient satisfaction, a healthy workplace, mental health and addiction, elder care, and community-hospital integration. Feasibility analysis found that 13 of 48 indicators (27%) can be measured using existing national administrative databases.Discussion:A broadly representative modified Delphi panel process resulted in a consensus on a set of 48 evidencebased quality of care indicators for EDs. Future work is required to generate technical definitions to enable the uptake of these indicators to support benchmarking, quality improvement, and accountability efforts.
Lipid therapy for the treatment of a refractory amitriptyline overdose
Authors: Kiberd Mathew B. , Minor Samuel F. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose is a leading cause of death among intentional overdoses. Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy is an emerging antidote for local anesthetic toxicity, and there is animal evidence that lipid therapy may be efficacious in TCA overdose. Furthermore, case reports in humans have described the use of lipid therapy to reverse the toxicity of other lipophilic drugs. Here we report a 25-year-old female presenting with coma and hemodynamic instability following intentional ingestion of amitriptyline. She had multiple episodes of pulseless wide-complex tachycardia despite conventional treatment with chest compressions, cardioversion, lidocaine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, magnesium sulphate, sodium bicarbonate, activated charcoal, and whole bowel irrigation. Twenty percent lipid emulsion was administered intravenously (an initial 150 mL bolus, followed by an infusion at 16 mL/h and a second bolus of 40 mL) over 39 hours (total dose 814 mL) yet resulted in no dramatic changes in hemodynamics or level of consciousness. However, there was a decrease in the frequency of wide-complex tachycardia during the lipid emulsion infusion and a recurrence of wide-complex tachycardia shortly after the infusion was stopped. The patient was discharged from the intensive care unit 11 days later with no lasting physiologic sequelae.
Adrenal inhibition following a single dose of etomidate in intubated traumatic brain injury victims
Authors: Archambault Patrick , Dionne Clermont E. , Lortie Gilles , LeBlanc François , Rioux Anik , Larouche Geneviève 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:Etomidate is frequently used to intubate traumatic brain injury (TBI) victims, even though it has been linked to adrenal insufficiency (AI) in some populations. Few studies have explored the risk of prolonged etomidateinduced AI among TBI victims.Objective:To determine the risk and the length of AI induced by etomidate in patients intubated for moderate and severe TBI.Methods:Participants in this observational study were moderate to severe intubated TBI victims aged ≥ 16 years. The anesthetic used (etomidate versus others) was determined solely by the treating emergency physician. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation tests (250 µg) were performed 24, 48, and 168 hours after intubation. AI was defined as an increase in serumcortisol 1 hour post–ACTH test (delta cortisol) of less than 248.4 nmol/L.Results:Forty subjects (participation 42.6%) underwent ACTH testing. Fifteen received etomidate, and 25 received another anesthetic. There were no statistically significant differences between groups as to the cumulative incidence of AI at any measurement time. However, at 24 hours, exploratory post hoc analyses showed a significant decrease in delta cortisol (adjusted means: etomidate group: 305.1 nmol/L, 95% CI 214.7–384.8 versus other anesthetics: 500.5 nmol/L, 95% CI 441.8–565.7). This decrease was not present at 48 and 168 hours.Conclusion:In TBI victims, although a single dose of etomidate does not increase the cumulative incidence of AI as defined, it seems to decrease the adrenal response to an ACTH test for 24 hours. The clinical impacts of this finding remain to be determined.
Type A aortic dissection presenting as superior vena cava syndrome
Authors: Raja Faisal S. , Islam Ali , Khan Mustafa , Abbasi Iram 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
A 51-year-old man presented with a 5-day history of progressive facial swelling, sensation of head fullness, increasing shortness of breath and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. He denied chest pain, syncope or presyncope. Pastmedical history included mechanical aortic valve replacement 7 years prior and atrial fibrillation treated with warfarin. A clinical diagnosis of acute superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome was made. Portable chest radiograph showed a widened superior mediastinum. Computed tomography scan of the thorax demonstrated a large type A aortic dissection almost completely effacing the SVC. Acute type A aortic dissection (AD) is an emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. Patients typically present with acute onset of chest and/or back pain, classically described as “ripping” or “tearing.” SVC syndrome is rarely, if ever, mentioned as a presentation, as it is usually due to more chronic conditions. This case illustrates a rare incidence of type A AD actually presenting as SVC syndrome.