bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Related to the Rise of Congenital Syphilis From the Perspectives of Prenatal Providers and Birthing Parents in Chicago, IL, USA
Authors: Flores John M , Kasal Nikki , Montag Caroline , Dawdani Alicia , Almirol Ellen , Montgomery Jackson M C , Zimmer Daniela , Ridgway Jessica , Schneider John A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Rates of congenital syphilis (CS) in the United States have risen sharply in recent years. There has been sparse research centering the voices and experiences of birthing parents who have delivered infants with CS and prenatal providers in Chicago or the surrounding Midwestern United States to date. Additionally, there has been little research on the role of extrinsic factors, such as stigma and attitudes surrounding CS in an individual's community, in their entry into and retention in the CS prevention cascade.

Methods
Semistructured interviews seeking to gather perspectives and factors related to the rise of CS were conducted with birthing parents who delivered infants with CS at a major academic medical institution (AMI) and the prenatal providers who served them. This was supplemented by retrospective data of birthing parent outcomes.

Results
Barriers elicited during the interviews included insufficient penicillin uptake, limited transportation, poor communication between providers and patients, gaps in patient understanding or knowledge around CS contraction and treatment, missed appointments, appointment burden for patients, life stressors of patients, housing instability, childcare difficulties, and stigma related to the CS diagnosis. The quantitative data revealed differing proportions of CS outcomes and care between those with care within the AMI, those with care outside the AMI, and those who had no prenatal care.

Conclusions
This study found numerous perspectives and factors that may explain the rise of CS along various stages of the syphilis care continuum through in-depth interviews of prenatal providers and birthing parents.
Charting the course of Sargassum: Incorporating nonlinear elastic interactions and life cycles in the Maxey–Riley model
Authors: Bonner Gage , Beron-Vera F J , Olascoaga M J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The surge of pelagic Sargassum in the Intra-America Seas, particularly the Caribbean Sea, since the early 2010s has raised significant ecological concerns. This study emphasizes the need for a mechanistic understanding of Sargassum dynamics to elucidate the ecological impacts and uncertainties associated with blooms. By introducing a novel transport model, physical components such as ocean currents and winds are integrated with biological aspects affecting the Sargassum life cycle, including reproduction, grounded in an enhanced Maxey–Riley theory for floating particles. Nonlinear elastic forces among the particles are included to simulate interactions within and among Sargassum rafts. This promotes aggregation, consistent with observations, within oceanic eddies, which facilitate their transport. This cannot be achieved by the so-called leeway approach to transport, which forms the basis of current Sargassum modeling. Using satellite-derived data, the model is validated, outperforming the leeway model. Publicly accessible codes are provided to support further research and ecosystem management efforts. This comprehensive approach is expected to improve predictive capabilities and management strategies regarding Sargassum dynamics in affected regions, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of marine ecosystem dynamics and resilience.
Statistical estimation of full-sky radio maps from 21 cm array visibility data using Gaussian constrained realizations
Authors: Glasscock Katrine A , Bull Philip , Burba Jacob , Garsden Hugh , Wilensky Michael J 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
An important application of next-generation wide-field radio interferometers is making high dynamic range maps of radio emission. Traditional deconvolution methods like CLEAN can give poor recovery of diffuse structure, prompting the development of wide-field alternatives like Direct Optimal Mapping and m-mode analysis. In this paper, we propose an alternative Bayesian method to infer the coefficients of a full-sky spherical harmonic basis for a drift-scan telescope with potentially thousands of baselines that can precisely encode the uncertainties and correlations between the parameters used to build the recovered image. We use Gaussian constrained realizations (GCR) to efficiently draw samples of the spherical harmonic coefficients, despite the very large parameter space and extensive sky-regions of missing data. Each GCR solution provides a complete, statistically consistent gap-free realization of a full-sky map conditioned on the available data, even when the interferometer’s field of view is small. Many realizations can be generated and used for further analysis and robust propagation of statistical uncertainties. In this paper, we present the mathematical formalism of the spherical harmonic GCR method for radio interferometers. We focus on the recovery of diffuse emission as a use case, along with validation of the method against simulations with a known diffuse emission component.
Regulatory requirements to support a specific regulation of oil norm waste in Brazil
Authors: Lopes Amanda Gomes , Da Silva Francisco Cesar Augusto , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The oil and natural gas industry is one of the largest producers of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) worldwide. The scale and sludge are NORM wastes with the highest activity concentration levels, reaching 3500 Bq per g of 226Ra (scale). As wastes (sludge, scale, and produced water) are constantly produced in routine activities, a specific regulation for these wastes is necessary. Therefore, this study presents the regulatory requirements that may serve as a basis for the responsible regulatory body to prepare a specific regulation for the NORM waste generated by the oil industry. As a study published showing that the disposal of bulk NORM waste (not packaged wastes) is viable in Brazil, requirements for the management of these wastes and the characteristics of the landfill for disposal were included.
A comparative study of the elevated radioactivity in beach placer deposits of Bangladesh
Authors: Moniruzzaman Md , Łokas Edyta , Mietelski Jerzy , Zhao Qi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Beach sediments are mineral deposits formed through weathering and erosion of either igneous or metamorphic rocks. Among the rock constituent minerals are some natural radionuclides that contribute to ionizing radiation exposure on Earth. Kolatoli and Kuakata are the two major beaches with heavy mineral deposits and important tourist sites in Bangladesh. Natural radioactivity in Kolatoli and Kuakata beach sand deposits along the southern coast of Bangladesh was assessed and compared to identify the sources, causes, and possible environmental impact. Result shows most of the radionuclides have higher activity concentrations than the background level, and the activity varies with the sample locations. The dominant radionuclides were found to be the radionuclides of thorium series i.e. Th-232 and Ra-228 followed by uranium series and K-40. The radioactivity in Kolatoli beach sands was observed to be much higher than Kuakata beach due to the presence of a higher content of heavy minerals i.e. illmenite, rutile, zircon, garnet and monazite. Furthermore, monazite and zircon are the two radioactive minerals that are considered to be the main contributors to the radioactivity in Kolatoli beach sand. These minerals are dominated by the activity of thorium series radionuclides i.e. Th-232 and Ra-228 surpass the activity of all other radionuclides such as U-238, U-234, Th-230, Ra-226, Po-210, and K-40. However, major contribution of radioactivity in Kuakata beach sand comes from uranium series radionuclides such as U-238, U-234, Ra-226, and Po-210. Beach morphology, sedimentological, and geochemical evolution of those minerals might be important areas of further study for the radioactivity monitoring activity in those areas.
Dose and timing effects of caffeine on subsequent sleep: a randomized clinical crossover trial
Authors: Gardiner Carissa L , Weakley Jonathon , Burke Louise M , Fernandez Francesca , Johnston Rich D , Leota Josh , Russell Suzanna , Munteanu Gabriella , Townshend Andrew , Halson Shona L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
To investigate the effect of a typical dose of caffeine and a high dose of caffeine consumed in the morning, afternoon, and evening on subsequent sleep.

Methods
Using a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized crossover design, 23 males (25.3 ± 5.0 years) with a moderate habitual caffeine intake (&lt;300 mg∙day−1) completed seven conditions: placebo, and 100 and 400 mg of caffeine consumed 12, 8, and 4 hours prior to bedtime, with a 48-hour washout. In-home partial polysomnography and sleep diaries were used to assess sleep. Linear mixed models estimated the effect of each condition.

Results
No significant effect on objective or subjective sleep occurred with the 100 mg dose of caffeine compared with the placebo (p &gt; .05), but significant effects occurred with the 400 mg dose (p &lt; .05). Significant delays in sleep initiation and alterations to sleep architecture were observed when 400 mg was consumed within 12 hours of bedtime (p &lt; .05), and significantly greater sleep fragmentation occurred when 400 mg was consumed within 8 hours of bedtime (p &lt; .05). Additionally, perceived sleep quality was significantly reduced when 400 mg was consumed 4 hours prior to bedtime (−34.02%, p = .006) but not at 8 or 12 hours.

Conclusions
A 100 mg dose of caffeine can be consumed up to 4 hours prior to bedtime, but 400 mg may negatively impact sleep when consumed as one dose within 12 hours of bedtime, with the adverse influence on sleep increasing the closer consumption occurs to bedtime. The discrepancy between objective and subjective sleep quality suggests that individuals may have difficulty accurately perceiving the influence of caffeine on sleep quality.

Clinical trial registration
Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, registration number: ACTRN12621001625864, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12621001625864.
A Moral Dilemma of “Selling Out”: Race, Class, and Career Considerations among Elite College Students
Authors: Kim Joyce J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Research on occupational choice focuses on individualistic work values and emphasizes economic returns. Drawing from 62 in-depth interviews with Asian, Black, and White first-generation, low-income (FGLI), and middle-class students at an elite university, I argue that students’ career decisions comprise a moral dimension. How students contended with this dimension varied based on the intersection of their racial and class backgrounds. Specifically, patterns broadly align with two categories: contingent objections to certain high-prestige, high-paying careers arising from individual priorities or concern for social good, and linked obligations to broader collectivities, such as ethnoracial groups or families. While students across all racial and class backgrounds raised objections based on different individual priorities, FGLI students primarily mentioned objections based on the value of social good. Across class backgrounds, Asian and Black students more often cited obligations based on ethnoracial uplift compared to their White peers. Asian and Black FGLI students prioritized family contributions more strongly than their White FGLI counterparts. Paradoxically, some students used these evaluative logics to justify “selling out” in pursuit of high-prestige, high-paying jobs, whereas others used these justifications to reject them. This study furthers understanding of the cultural processes behind social inequalities and highlights how the intersection of race and class shapes moral understandings.
The balance between alleviating copper damage and maintaining root function during root pruning with excessive copper
Authors: Zhou Yumei , Wu Shiyun , Jia Jingjing , Chen Huan , Zhang Ying , Wu Zejing , Chen Boya , Liu Can , Yang Ming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Coating high concentrations of copper (Cu) on the inner wall of containers can efficiently inhibit root entanglement of container-grown seedlings. However, how the protective and defensive responses of roots maintain root structure and function during Cu-root pruning is still unclear. Here, Duranta erecta L. seedlings were planted in the containers coated with 40 (T1), 80 (T2), 100 (T3), 120 (T4), 140 (T5) and 160 (T6) g L−1 Cu(OH)2 with containers without Cu(OH)2 as the control. Although T5 and T6 produced the best inhibitory effect on root entanglement, root anatomy structure was damaged. T1 and T2 not only failed to completely control root circling, but also led to decreased root activity and stunted growth. Cu(OH)2 treatments significantly increased lignin concentration of roots with the highest values at T3 and T4. Compared with T3, seedlings at T4 had higher height, biomass and root activity, and no significant root entanglement. Excessive Cu accumulation in Cu(OH)2 treatments changed the absorption of other mineral nutrients and their allocation in the roots, stems and leaves. Overall, Ca was decreased while Mg, Mn, Fe and K were increased, especially K and Mn at T4 which is related to defense capacity. The results indicate that there is a Cu threshold to balance root entanglement control, defense capacity and nutrient uptake function under excessive Cu for container-grown D. erecta seedlings.
Update on hereditary C1q deficiency: pathophysiology, clinical presentation, genotype and management
Authors: Buso Helena , Triaille Clément , Flinn Aisling M. , Gennery Andrew R. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
C1q deficiency is a rare inborn error of immunity characterized by susceptibility to severe infections and profound immune dysregulation, with a systemic lupus erythematosus-like phenotype. The management of patients with C1q deficiency is challenged by the rarity of this condition and the wide clinical variability. This review aims to emphasize the importance of a thorough immunological and clinical characterization to help guide a personalized and comprehensive approach to patients.

Recent findings
We focus on the concept of C1q deficiency as a bridge between the monogenic form of systemic lupus erythematosus and the Mendelian type I interferonopathies. Moreover, we explore the role of new treatment strategies such as Janus-associated kinase (JAK) inhibitors and allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Summary
In this narrative review, we provide a systematic overview of C1q deficiency, starting with the description of the pathophysiological background and the variable clinical phenotype, and then exploring the different prognoses, the consequent treatment strategies and future directions.
The Role of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator in Skeletal Muscle Contractile Function
Authors: Wu Kenneth , Michalski Anna , Sykes Jenna , Batt Jane , Stephenson Anne L. , Mathur Sunita 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
Genetic mutations in cystic fibrosis (CF) result in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction. CFTR is expressed in human skeletal muscle; its effect on skeletal muscle abnormalities is unknown. The study objective is to investigate the role of CFTR in skeletal muscle contractile function.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study comparing 34 adults with minimal and 18 with residual function CFTR mutations, recruited from Toronto Adult CF Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto. Quadriceps, biceps brachii, and handgrip strength was measured with dynamometers; leg muscle power with the stair climb power test. Quadriceps muscle contractility was determined by quadriceps muscle strength normalized to quadriceps muscle size, measured with ultrasound images. Multivariable regression was used for analysis.

Results:
People with residual function CFTR mutations had higher quadriceps muscle torque normalized to quadriceps layer thickness and to rectus femoris cross-sectional area by 27.5 Nm/cm [95% CI (2.2, 52.8) Nm/cm, P = .034] and 5.6 Nm/cm2 [95% CI (0.3, 10.9) Nm/cm2, P = .041], respectively, compared with those with minimal function CFTR mutations. There were no differences in quadriceps muscle torque (P = .58), leg muscle power (P = .47), biceps brachii muscle force (P = .14), or handgrip force (P = .12) between the 2 mutation groups.

Conclusions:
CFTR protein may play a role in muscle contractility, implying a limited capacity to exert muscle force per unit of muscle size in people with CF. This suggests that building a greater muscle mass through resistance exercises focusing on muscle hypertrophy in exercise prescription may improve muscle strength in people with CF.
Nocebo Effect on Pain Perception and Attention with Children With and Without Attention Deficit And/Or Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Belleï-Rodriguez Carmen-Édith , Colloca Luana , Lorrain Dominique , Marchand Serge , Léonard Guillaume 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD) has negative consequences for children. The effectiveness of medical interventions and educational outcomes are strongly influenced by expectations, which can be modulated by nocebo effects. The aims of this study were to compare the nocebo effect on pain perception and attention in children with and without ADHD as well as to characterize the associations of the nocebo effect with personal variables, such as anxiety, sleep, and pain catastrophizing.

Methods:
Data were collected from 30 children with and without ADHD. The nocebo effect was induced using an inactive pill, “increasing” pain perception and attention deficits. Experimental thermal pain was evoked using a thermode and recorded using a computerized visual analog scale. Attention abilities were measured with the Stop-Signal Task. We also used questionnaires to measure personal variables.

Results:
When combining groups, the nocebo treatment led to comparable nocebo effects for pain (increased pain perception) and attention (increased time needed for inhibition). When comparing groups, the nocebo effect on pain perception was similar for children with and without ADHD. Inattention, learning problems, anxiety, and sleep problems were associated with the nocebo response for pain and attention.

Conclusion:
This exploratory study conducted in an experimental setting emphasizes the importance of managing children's expectations for pain perception and attention as well as the potentially deleterious impact of negative suggestions on elementary school children.
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in School-Age Preterm Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ha-Vinh Leuchter Russia , Siffredi Vanessa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To systematically review nonpharmaceutical interventions aiming to enhance neurodevelopment in preterm children and adolescents (aged 4–18 years).

Method:
A systematic review of the literature was conducted for all studies published up to May 1, 2022, across Medline, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases. Studies were evaluated for inclusion by 2 independent reviewers using predetermined inclusion criteria. The Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) tools were used to assess bias in the selected studies.

Results:
Of the 1778 articles identified, 23 were included. Quality assessment revealed moderate bias in 52.2%, low bias in 21.7%, and serious bias in 26.1%. The selected studies comprised 60.9% randomized controlled trials and 21.7% pre- versus postdesigns. Interventions included Cogmed Working Memory Training® (43.5%), BrainGame Brian (13%), physiotherapy (13%), and others (30.4%). Qualitative analysis showed the limited impact of interventions on neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm children aged 4–18 years.

Conclusion:
Despite recent efforts to use more rigorous methodologies, current research on school-age interventions for preterm neurodevelopment exhibits methodological limitations. There is a pressing need for well-designed, large-scale clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of nonpharmaceutical interventions in this vulnerable population.
Maternal Mobile Device Use and Mealtime Interactions With Children
Authors: Radesky Jenny S. , Weeks Heidi M. , McCaffery Harlan , Kaciroti Niko , Lumeng Julie C. , Miller Alison L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study examined (1) whether different types of mobile device use are associated with quantity/quality of parent–child interactions and (2) moment-to-moment changes in quantity/quality of parent–child interactions when devices are used.

Method:
In 47 videorecorded home mealtimes conducted in 2011 to 2013, we conducted detailed coding of maternal device use (talking, texting/scrolling, having device on table), frequency of mother and child verbalizations, child bids for attention, and maternal response to bids (contingent, no response, negative response) in 5-second intervals. We examined between-mother differences in parent–child interaction variables for a 10-percentage point increase in each type of device use comparisons using negative binomial or logistic regression. We then compared intervals when there was active mobile device use to nonuse intervals using generalized estimating equation logistic regression, predicting the odds of each parent–child interaction variable.

Results:
Mothers averaged 29.8 years (SD 6.10), child age 5.97 years (SD 0.56), and 55% had completed at least some college. Higher percentage of time spent texting/scrolling was associated with a lower rate of maternal verbalization (adjusted rate ratio 0.89 [95% confidence interval, 0.84–0.95]) and contingent response (adjusted rate ratio 0.92 [0.84–1.00]) and higher odds of nonresponse (adjusted odds ratio 1.13 [1.04–1.22]). In each 5-second interval of active device use, there was decreased odds of maternal verbalizations (adjusted odds ratio 0.48 [0.34–0.69]), child verbalizations (0.62 [0.44–0.88]), contingent response (0.45 [0.28–0.74]), and higher odds of maternal nonresponse (2.36 [1.40–4.00]).

Conclusion:
These results demonstrate decreased parent–child verbal interaction and lower parent responsiveness during mobile device use, particularly with texting and scrolling.