bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Photoelectrochemical Catalytic Studies of a Water‐Stable Zinc‐Based Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Altaf Muhammad , Sohail Manzar , Mansha Muhammad , Iqbal Naseer , Sher Muhammad , Fazal Atif , Ullah Nisar , Isab Anvarhusein A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are class of porous materials that can be assembled in a modular manner by using different metal ions and organic linkers. Owing to their tunable structural properties, these materials are found to be useful for gas storage and separation technologies, as well as for catalytic applications. A cost‐effective zinc‐based MOF ([Zn(bpcda)(bdc)]n) is prepared by using N,N′‐bis(pyridin‐4‐ylmethylene)cyclohexane‐1,4‐diamine [N,N′‐bis(pyridin‐4‐ylmethylene)cyclohexane‐1,4‐diamine] and benzenedicarboxylic acid (bdc) linkers. This new material exhibits remarkable photoelectrochemical (PEC) catalytic activity in water splitting for the evolution of oxygen. Notably, this non‐noble metal‐based MOF, without requiring immobilization on other supports or containing metal particles, produced a highest photocurrent density of 31 μA cm−2 at 0.9 V, with appreciable stability and negligible photocorrosion. Advantageously for the oxygen evolution process, no external reagents or sacrificial agents are required in the aqueous electrolyte solution.
A Novel Molecularly Imprinted Photoelectrochemical Sensor Based on g‐C3N4‐AuNPs for the Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Triclosan
Authors: Feng Shasha , Wei Xiaoping , Zhong Li , Li Jianping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) photoelectrochemical sensor was fabricated for the highly sensitive and selective detection of triclosan. The MIP photoelectrochemical sensor was fabricated using graphite‐like carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as photoelectric materials. The MIP/g‐C3N4‐AuNPs sensor used photocurrent as the detection signal and was triggered by ultraviolet light (UV‐Light 365 nm). g‐C3N4‐AuNPs was immobilized on indium tin oxide electrodes to produce the photoelectrochemically responsive electrode of the MIP/g‐C3N4‐AuNPs sensor. A MIP layer of poly‐o‐phenylenediamine was electropolymerized on the g‐C3N4‐AuNPs‐modified electrode to act as the recognition element of the MIP/g‐C3N4‐AuNPs sensor and to enable the selective adsorption of triclosan to the sensor through specific binding. Under optimal experimental conditions, the designed MIP/g‐C3N4‐AuNPs sensor presented high sensitivity for triclosan with a linear range of 2×10−12 to 8×10−10 M and a limit of detection of 6.01×10−13 M. Moreover, the MIP/g‐C3N4‐AuNPs sensor showed excellent selectivity. The sensor had been successfully applied in the analysis of toothpaste samples.
Life cycle environmental and economic sustainability of Stirling engine micro‐CHP systems
Authors: Stamford Laurence , Greening Benjamin , Azapagic Adisa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMicro‐combined heat and power (micro‐CHP) systems have gained prominence in Europe and elsewhere, often attracting government incentives. Of the various micro‐CHP technologies, Stirling engine (SE) systems are often preferred over internal combustion engines, but their economic and environmental sustainability is unclear. This study uses life cycle assessment and life cycle costing to analyze SE micro‐CHP units, comparing the results to conventional natural gas boilers and grid electricity. Assuming highly‐efficient operation (77 % thermal; 13 % electrical efficiency), the SE system is preferable to conventional electricity and heat both economically and environmentally (for nine of 11 impacts). However, at more realistic efficiencies (71 % thermal; 6 % electrical), the SE system is uncompetitive, being worse for seven environmental impacts, including global warming, and incurring 9 % higher costs, despite subsidy. The choice of electricity, heat or combined output as a functional unit greatly affects the results. At low efficiencies, per unit of electricity, the SE system has on average 44 % worse environmental performance than grid electricity. However, per unit of heat it is, on average, 30 % better environmentally than the gas boiler, but the global warming potential (GWP) is 19 % worse. For combined energy output, the SE system has on average 3 % lower impacts than conventional alternatives, but the GWP is 16 % higher. Future improvements to the environmental impacts of the electricity grid mix, including its decarbonization, would further reduce any relative benefits of the SE system, calling into question the suitability of subsidy.
A microfoundations approach to studying innovation in multinational subsidiaries
Authors: Nuruzzaman N. , Gaur Ajai S. , Sambharya Rakesh B. 
Published: December 2017

Research Summary:We study antecedents of innovation performance for the subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs) using the microfoundations approach. Based on the upper echelon perspective, we argue that managers’ characteristics, such as prior MNE work experience and industry experience, affect subsidiary innovation. We tested our hypotheses on a sample of 228 MNE subsidiaries from 11 countries. Results indicate that managers’ industry experience serves as an external boundary‐spanning capability and, therefore, it has a greater effect on autonomous subsidiaries. In contrast, managers’ prior MNE work experience functions as an internal boundary‐spanning capability and, therefore, it has a smaller effect on subsidiaries that are less autonomous or engage in R&D.Managerial Summary:The success of an MNE now increasingly depends on its ability to generate knowledge anywhere in the world. Thus, the ability of foreign subsidiaries to generate innovation plays an increasingly important role in enhancing the performance of MNEs. In this regard, what factors determine the innovativeness of foreign subsidiaries is an important question for managers. Our study suggests that the international experience of the top management team (TMT) of a subsidiary and its CEO’s industry experience positively affect subsidiary innovation. Furthermore, the TMT’s international experience has a greater effect on the innovativeness of subsidiaries that remain dependent on their headquarters for knowledge transfer. In contrast, the CEO’s industry experience has a greater effect on the innovativeness of autonomous subsidiaries.
Effect of Metformin on Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Thyroid Axis Activity in Elderly Antipsychotic‐Treated Women With Type 2 Diabetes and Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Szkróbka Witold , Okopień Bogusław 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMetformin was found to reduce elevated serum thyrotropin levels, and this effect was partially determined by endogenous dopaminergic tone. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of metformin treatment on hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid axis activity in elderly women with subclinical hypothyroidism treated with antipsychotic agents and not receiving this drug. The study population consisted of 34 elderly women with subclinical hypothyroidism, 16 of whom received antipsychotic drugs. Because of coexistent type 2 diabetes, these women were treated with metformin (2.55–3 g daily). Glucose homeostasis markers as well as serum levels of thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones and prolactin were measured at the beginning of the study and 6 months later. Thirty women completed the study. With the exception of prolactin, baseline serum levels of the assessed hormones were comparable in both study groups. Although metformin reduced serum thyrotropin levels in both groups, this effect was more pronounced in the antipsychotic‐treated than in the antipsychotic‐naive patients. The effect on serum prolactin was observed only in antipsychotic‐treated patients. The impact on serum thyrotropin levels correlated with improvement in insulin sensitivity and with a reduction in prolactin levels. Free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine remained at a similar level throughout the study. The obtained results indicate that metformin reduces serum thyrotropin levels in elderly women, and this effect is particularly pronounced in women with diminished dopaminergic transmission.
Population Pharmacokinetic– Pharmacodynamic Analysis to Characterize the Effect of Empagliflozin on Renal Glucose Threshold in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mondick John , Riggs Matthew , Kaspers Stefan , Soleymanlou Nima , Marquard Jan , Nock Valerie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion (UGE) by lowering the renal threshold for glucose (RTG). We aimed to quantify the effect of the sodium glucose cotransporter inhibitor empagliflozin on renal glucose reabsorption in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using a mechanistic population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) model and to compare results with analyses in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The PK‐PD model was developed using data from a randomized phase 2 study in which patients with T1DM received oral once‐daily empagliflozin 2.5 mg, empagliflozin 10 mg, empagliflozin 25 mg, or placebo as an adjunct to insulin. The model assumed that UGE was dependent on plasma glucose and renal function and that empagliflozin lowered RTG. The final model was evaluated using visual predictive checks and found to be consistent with observed data. Calculated RTG with placebo was 181 mg/dL, and with empagliflozin (steady state) 1 mg and 2.5 mg was 53.4 mg/dL and 12.5 mg/dL, respectively. Empagliflozin 10 mg and 25 mg yielded negative RTG values, implying RTG was reduced to a negligible value. Although estimated PK‐PD parameters were generally comparable between patients with T1DM and patients with T2DM, slight differences were evident, leading to lower RTG and higher UGE in patients with T1DM compared with patients with T2DM. In conclusion, the model provided a reasonable description of UGE in response to administration of empagliflozin and placebo in patients with T1DM.
Heterogeneous and homogeneous photocatalytic degradation of psychoactive drug Fluvoxamine: kinetic study, inorganic ions and phytotoxicity evaluation
Authors: Tsoumachidou Sophia , Kouras Athanasios , Poulios Ioannis 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDPharmaceutically active compounds, emerging extensively in ecosystems as pollutants, have become an important environmental and public health issue, since they can contaminate drinking water and pose threats to wildlife and human health. As a result, efforts should be made to develop methods to inactivate or eliminate this class of substance in the environment.RESULTSThe photocatalytic degradation of psychoactive drug Fluvoxamine has been investigated. In the case of heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation, the effect of TiO2 P25 concentration (0.1–1 g L‐1), initial concentration of H2O2 (0.25–0.2 g L‐1) and Fe3+ (0.00175–0.014 g L‐1) and pH of the solution on initial reaction rates were evaluated, while for homogeneous photocatalytic oxidation the effect of the amount of H2O2 (0.25–0.2 g L‐1) and Fe3+ (0.00175–0.014 g L‐1) were investigated. In addition, the conversion of the heteroatoms in the FVX molecule to inorganic ions (NO3‐, NH4+, F‐) during the photocatalytic process has been observed and phytotoxicity testing, using three plant species, was carried out in order to examine the effect of photocatalytic oxidation on the toxicity of FVX.CONCLUSIONAccording to the results presented in this study, both heterogeneous and homogeneous photocatalytic oxidation is an efficient methodology for FVX degradation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Subchondral bone fragility with meniscal tear accelerates and parathyroid hormone decelerates articular cartilage degeneration in rat osteoarthritis model
Authors: Morita Yugo , Ito Hiromu , Ishikawa Masahiro , Fujii Takayuki , Furu Moritoshi , Azukizawa Masayuki , Okahata Akinori , Tomizawa Takuya , Kuriyama Shinichi , Nakamura Shinichiro , Nishitani Kohei , Yoshitomi Hiroyuki , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe aims of this study were to investigate the influence of subchondral bone fragility (SBF) on the progression of the knee osteoarthritis by using a novel rat model, and to examine the preventive effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on cartilage degeneration. First, 40 rats were assigned to the following four groups: Sham, SBF, Medial meniscal tear (MMT), and MMT + SBF groups. In SBF and MMT + SBF groups, we induced SBF by microdrilling the subchondral bone. Second, 10 additional rats were randomly assigned to the following two groups: MMT + SBF + saline and MMT + SBF + PTH groups. Osteoarthritic changes in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone were evaluated using safranin‐O/fast green staining, matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13), and type X collagen immunohistochemistry, toluidine blue staining, and micro‐CT scanning. The combination of SBF and meniscal tear increased the number of mast cells in the subchondral bone, and led to the abnormal subchondral bone microarchitecture, such as abnormally decreased trabecular number and increased trabecular thickness, compared with meniscal tear alone. Moreover, SBF with meniscal tear enhanced articular cartilage degeneration and increased the expression of MMP‐13 and type X collagen, compared with meniscal tear alone. The administration of PTH decreased the number of mast cells in the subchondral bone and improved the microstructural parameters of the subchondral bone, and delayed the progression of articular cartilage degeneration. These results suggest that SBF is one of the factors underlying the osteoarthritis development, especially in knees with traumatic osteoarthritis, and that the administration of PTH is a potential therapeutic treatment for preventing OA progression. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1959–1968, 2018.
On the uniqueness property of forking in abstract elementary classes
Authors: Vasey Sebastien 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the setup of abstract elementary classes satisfying a local version of superstability, we prove the uniqueness property for μ‐forking, a certain independence notion arising from splitting. This had been a longstanding technical difficulty when constructing forking‐like notions in this setup. As an application, we show that the two versions of forking symmetry appearing in the literature (the one defined by Shelah for good frames and the one defined by VanDieren for splitting) are equivalent.
Reassessing Ethnic Differences in Mean BMI and Changes Between 2007 and 2013 in English Children
Authors: Hudda Mohammed T. , Nightingale Claire M. , Donin Angela S. , Owen Christopher G. , Rudnicka Alicja R. , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Rutter Harry , Cook Derek G. , Whincup Peter H. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveNational body fatness (BF) data for English South Asian and Black children use BMI, which provides inaccurate ethnic comparisons. BF levels and time trends in the English National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) between 2007 and 2013 were assessed by using ethnic‐specific adjusted BMI (aBMI) for South Asian and Black children.MethodsAnalyses were based on 3,195,323 children aged 4 to 5 years and 2,962,673 children aged 10 to 11 years. aBMI values for South Asian and Black children (relating to BF as in White children) were derived independently. Mean aBMI levels and 5‐year aBMI changes were obtained by using linear regression.ResultsIn the 2007‐2008 NCMP, mean aBMIs in 10‐ to 11‐year‐old children (boys, girls) were higher in South Asian children (20.1, 19.9 kg/m2) and Black girls, but not in Black boys (18.4, 19.2 kg/m2) when compared with White children (18.6, 19.0 kg/m2; all P < 0.001). Mean 5‐year changes (boys, girls) were higher in South Asian children (0.16, 0.32 kg/m2 per 5 y; both P < 0.001) and Black boys but not girls (0.13, 0.15 kg/m2 per 5 y; P = 0.01, P = 0.41) compared with White children (0.02, 0.11 kg/m2 per 5 y). Ethnic differences at 4 to 5 years were similar. Unadjusted BMI showed similar 5‐year changes but different mean BMI patterns.ConclusionsBF levels were higher in South Asian children than in other groups in 2007 and diverged from those in White children until 2013, a pattern not apparent from unadjusted BMI data.
Computerized pediatric oncology prescriptions review by pharmacist: A descriptive analysis and associated risk factors
Authors: Hamel Claire , Tortolano Lionel , Bermudez Elisabeth , Desmaris Romain , Klein Sébastien , Slimano Florian , Lemare François 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundSystematic prescription analyses by clinical pharmacists result in pharmacist interventions (PIs) to reduce prescription errors and improve medication safety. PIs are particularly critical in oncology, because antineoplastic drugs are highly toxic with low therapeutic indexes especially in a pediatric population. The aim of this study is to describe PIs in a pediatric oncology department and to identify potential risk factors associated with prescription errors.ProcedureWe conducted a 20‐month observational study in a pediatric oncology department concerning electronic prescription of injectable chemotherapies was conducted. PIs were analyzed for drug‐related problems (DRPs), type of intervention, population characteristics, involved drugs, and the potential risk factors.ResultsClinical pharmacists made 90 PIs for 10,214 antineoplastic prescriptions for a rate of 88 PIs per 10,000 prescriptions. The majority of DRPs were dosage errors (61.8%), imputable to measurements (weight and/or height) in 47.4% or unreported dose reduction. The most common patient ages were in the range 1‐10 years and the most common time for medical double checks was 2‐9 pm. There were statistically more prescription errors in standardized protocols (P < 0.001).ConclusionsNot surprisingly, PIs were predominantly to correct dose errors, half of which related to height and weight measurements that were not updated. No significant risk factors for errors were identified for errors except in the standardized status of prescription, which appears to be linked in part to our software that did not automatically reflect dose reduction from one course to the next. Medical double‐checking followed by a clinical pharmacist's double check were effective in order to prevent prescription errors.
Digging Deep into Peptidomics Applied to Body Fluids
Authors: Vitorino Rui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPeptidomics techniques have allowed the identification of thousands of peptides that are derived from proteins in body fluids, despite the considerable challenges behind sample handling, MS‐based identification, data analysis, and integration with bioinformatics tools. Body fluids’ naturally occurring peptides are known to perform a variety of local and systemic functions; however, its knowledge is limited. Even so, the biological meaning that can be retrieved from peptidomics applied to the identification of disease markers and to the development of therapies using peptides has driven the progresses made in this field. In this review, a comparative analysis of body fluids’ peptidome data retrieved from databases and from scientific papers is performed to identify the biological processes modulated by naturally occurring peptides. This integrative analysis highlights several interesting facts, such as the small overlap between blood‐derived serum and plasma, which illustrates the impact of sample handling on these fluids peptidome. Urine is the body fluid with more naturally occurring peptides identified so far, most of which are derived from collagens. In saliva, the majority of peptides are originated from extracellular matrix proteins. Cerebrospinal fluid presents a high number of peptides derived from distinct proteins, mostly involved in the regulation of nervous system homeostasis. The lowest number of endogenous peptides was found in tears, most of which present antimicrobial activity. Collectively, data analysis highlights a peptidome signature for each body fluid, which comprehension will certainly help to improve disease management.
Weibull stress distribution for static mechanical stress and its stress/strength analysis
Authors: Piña‐Monarrez Manuel R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe method's steps to estimate the Weibull shape (β) and scale (η) parameters, based only on the ratio of the maximal and minimal principal stresses (σ1/σ2) and on the designed reliability (R(t)) are given in Section 4.1. The method's efficiency is based on the following facts: (1) The square root of σ1/σ2 represents the base life on which the Weibull lifetimes are estimated (see Equation ). (2) The mean of the logarithms of the expected lifetimes (g(x)) is completely determined by the determinant of the analyzed stress matrix (see Equation ). (3) The Weibull distribution is a circle centered on the arithmetic mean (μ), and it covers the whole principal stresses' span (see Figure ). (4) σ1/σ2 and g(x) completely determine the σ1i and σ2i values, which correspond to any lifetime in the Weibull analysis (see Equation ). And (5) σ1/σ2 and η completely determine the minimal and maximal lifetime, which corresponds to any σ1i and σ2i values (see Equation ). Additionally, by using the addressed stress β and η parameters, when the stress is either constant or variable, the formulation to estimate the designed R(t) index is given. The steps to determine both the material's strength average (μM) for a desired R(t) index and the R(t) index, which corresponds to a used μM value, are given.
Regular Aligned 1D Single‐Crystalline Supramolecular Arrays for Photodetectors
Authors: Liu Yun , Feng Jiangang , Zhang Bo , Wu Yuchen , Chen Yong , Jiang Lei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSolution‐processed semiconductor single‐crystal patterns possess unique advantages of large scale and low cost, leading to potential applications toward high‐performance optoelectronic devices. To integrate organic semiconductor micro/nanostructures into devices, various patterning techniques have been developed. However, previous patterning techniques suffer from trade‐offs between precision, scalability, crystallinity, and orientation. Herein, a patterning method is reported based on an asymmetric‐wettability micropillar‐structured template. Large‐scale 1D single‐crystalline supramolecular arrays with strict alignment, pure crystallographic orientation, and precise position can be obtained. The wettability difference between tops and sidewalls of micropillars gives rise to the confinement of organic solutions in discrete capillary tubes followed by dewetting and formation of capillary trailing. The capillary trailing enables unidirectional dewetting, regulated mass transport, and confined crystal growth. Owing to the high crystallinity and pure crystallographic orientation with Pt atomic chains parallel to the substrate, the photodetectors based on the 1D arrays exhibit improved responsivity. The work not only provides fundamental understanding on the patterning and crystallization of supramolecular structures but also develops a large‐scale assembly technique for patterning single‐crystalline micro/nanostructures.