bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of branched GDGTs in surface sediments from the Colville River, Alaska: Implications for the MBT′/CBT paleothermometer in Arctic marine sediments
Authors: Hanna Andrea J. M. , Shanahan Timothy M. , Allison Mead A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSignificant climate fluctuations in the Arctic over the recent past, and additional predicted future temperature changes, highlight the need for high‐resolution Arctic paleoclimate records. Arctic coastal environments supplied with terrigenous sediment from Arctic rivers have the potential to provide annual to subdecadal resolution records of climate variability over the last few millennia. A potential tool for paleotemperature reconstructions in these marine sediments is the revised methylation index of branched tetraethers (MBT′)/cyclization ratio of branched tetraethers (CBT) proxy based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs). In this study, we examine the source of brGDGTs in the Colville River, Alaska, and the adjacent Simpson Lagoon and reconstruct temperatures from Simpson Lagoon sediments to evaluate the applicability of this proxy in Arctic estuarine environments. The Colville catchment soils, fluvial sediments, and estuarine sediments contain statistically similar brGDGT distributions, indicating that the brGDGTs throughout the system are soil derived with little alteration from in situ brGDGT production in the river or coastal waters. Temperatures reconstructed from the MBT′/CBT indices for surface samples show good agreement with regional summer (June through September) temperatures, suggesting a seasonal bias in Arctic temperature reconstructions from the Colville system. In addition, we reconstruct paleotemperatures from an estuarine sediment core that spans the last 75 years, revealing an overall warming trend in the twentieth century that is consistent with trends observed in regional instrumental records. These results support the application of this brGDGT‐based paleotemperature proxy for subdecadal‐scale summer temperature reconstructions in Arctic estuaries containing organic material derived from sediment‐laden, episodic rivers.
Cognition in Friedreich's ataxia: a behavioral and multimodal imaging study
Authors: Dogan Imis , Tinnemann Eugenie , Romanzetti Sandro , Mirzazade Shahram , Costa Ana S. , Werner Cornelius J. , Heim Stefan , Fedosov Kathrin , Schulz Stefanie , Timmann Dagmar , Giordano Ilaria A. , Klockgether Thomas , Schulz Jörg B. , Reetz Kathrin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveFriedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a spinocerebellar degenerative disorder, in which cognitive deficits are sparsely explored. In this behavioral and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, we investigated the neurocognitive profile and cortico‐cerebellar dysfunctions underlying executive functioning in individuals with FRDA.Methods22 FRDA patients and 22 controls were clinically and neuropsychologically examined. Fifteen of each underwent structural and functional MRI using a verbal‐fluency task with phonemic and semantic conditions. Gray (GM) and white matter (WM) alterations were assessed by means of voxel‐based morphometry and diffusion‐tensor imaging.ResultsThe neuropsychological profile demonstrated deficits in verbal fluency, working memory and social cognition. Functional MRI data showed most pronounced group‐differences in phonemic fluency with patients exhibiting enhanced activity in the cerebellum (VI, Crus I), fronto‐insular, premotor and temporo‐occipital regions. The semantic condition only revealed reduced activity in the anterior cerebellum; for overt speech, we found increased activity in the motor cortex. Functional connectivity‐analysis showed higher co‐activation within cerebellar and cortical regions, respectively, and impaired interregional coupling between the cerebellum and fronto‐insular cortex for phonemic processing, which was also related to poorer task performance. GM reduction in FRDA was mainly found in lobule VI, whereas WM degeneration was more pronounced including brainstem, cerebellum, and cortex. Decreased cerebellar GM was associated with enhanced activity in the fronto‐insular cortex, while loss of WM integrity may translate cortico‐cerebellar pathway disruptions.InterpretationThe pattern of increased neural response with both cerebellar and cortical involvement underlying executive functioning indicates functional reorganization driven by disease‐related structural damage in FRDA.
Characterization of an Epoxy Network with Gold Nanoparticles Using Dielectric Analysis
Authors: Fraga Francisco , Torres Carmen , Rodríguez‐Núñez Eugenio , Martínez‐Ageitos José Manuel , Vázquez‐Barreiro Eva C. , Suárez‐Pereiro Felipe , Miragaya Javier 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEpoxy composite materials have been processed with various percentage additions of gold nanoparticles. Different percentages of filler were designed to investigate their influence on the dielectric properties of epoxy polymers. A small loss of cross‐linking of the material as increasing nanoparticle concentration in the sample has been observed. Doubling the concentration of nanoparticle, we got three times the load storage capacity of the nanocomposite. The curves of capacitance versus temperature show three peaks: The first one is associated to the orientation of the functional groups of the material side chains, and it is known as α‐transition The second peak is associated to the orientation of dipoles upon the nanoparticle surface. The third peak is associated to the material′s thermodegradation. A morphological study using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that most of the nanoparticle has an average diameter of about 4 nm.
Metallkatalysierte Anellierungen durch Aktivierung und Spaltung von C‐H‐Bindungen
Authors: Gulías Moisés , Mascareñas José Luis 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDie außerordentliche Zunahme der Zahl katalytischer Umwandlungen über eine metallvermittelte Aktivierung von zuvor als inert angesehenen C‐H‐Bindungen zeugt von einem grundlegenden Wandel auf dem Gebiet der Synthesechemie. Während die meisten Reaktionen mit C‐H‐Aktivierung einfache Funktionalisierungen oder Additionen sind, wuchs in den letzten Jahren das Interesse an verwandten Umwandlungen, die formal als Cycloadditionsprozesse betrachtet werden können. Diese Reaktionen sind besonders für die Synthese vielversprechend, da sie die schnelle und nachhaltige Umwandlung leicht zugänglicher Substrate in wertvolle cyclische Produkte ermöglichen. In vielen Fällen entstehen bei diesen Anellierungsreaktionen metallacyclische Intermediate, die denen der herkömmlichen metallkatalysierten Cycloadditionen ungesättigter Vorstufen ähneln.
Die Kation‐π‐Wechselwirkung in der Katalyse mit niedermolekularen Verbindungen
Authors: Kennedy C. Rose , Lin Song , Jacobsen Eric N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDie Katalyse durch niedermolekulare Verbindungen (≤1000 Da, 10−9 m), die Substrate durch attraktive nichtkovalente Wechselwirkungen binden und aktivieren können, ist ein wichtiger Ansatz in der organischen und metallorganischen Chemie geworden. Zwar sind die kanonischen nichtkovalenten Wechselwirkungen, einschließlich Wasserstoffbrücken, Ionenpaarbindung und π‐Stapelung, die Hauptstützen der Katalysatorentwicklung, jedoch wurde die Kation‐π‐Wechselwirkung seit ihrer Entdeckung in den 1980ern zu wenig genutzt. Wie Wasserstoffbrücken zeigen auch die Kation‐π‐Wechselwirkungen typische Bindungsaffinitäten von einigen kcal mol−1 mit einer erheblichen Direktionalität. Diese Eigenschaften machen sie zu einem interessanten Designelement für niedermolekulare Katalysatoren, und in den letzten Jahren wurde, beflügelt durch die Forschung in der molekularen Erkennung und Strukturbiologie, immer mehr Nutzen aus ihnen gezogen. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die Anwendung der Kation‐π‐Wechselwirkung in der Katalyse.
Highly Stretchable Supercapacitors Based on Aligned Carbon Nanotube/Molybdenum Disulfide Composites
Authors: Lv Tian , Yao Yao , Li Ning , Chen Tao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStretchable supercapacitors that can sustain their performance under unpredictable tensile force are important elements for practical applications of various portable and wearable electronics. However, the stretchability of most reported supercapacitors was often lower than 100 % because of the limitation of the electrodes used. Herein we developed all‐solid‐state supercapacitors with a stretchability as high as 240 % by using aligned carbon nanotube composites with compact structure as electrodes. By combined with pseudocapacitive molybdenum disulfide nanosheets, the newly developed supercapacitor showed a specific capacitance of 13.16 F cm−3, and also showed excellent cycling retention (98 %) after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles. This work also presents a general and effective approach in developing high‐performance electrodes for flexible and stretchable electronics.
Glucose–Nucleobase Pseudo Base Pairs: Biomolecular Interactions within DNA
Authors: Vengut‐Climent Empar , Gómez‐Pinto Irene , Lucas Ricardo , Peñalver Pablo , Aviñó Anna , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Eritja Ramón , González Carlos , Morales Juan C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNoncovalent forces rule the interactions between biomolecules. Inspired by a biomolecular interaction found in aminoglycoside–RNA recognition, glucose‐nucleobase pairs have been examined. Deoxyoligonucleotides with a 6‐deoxyglucose insertion are able to hybridize with their complementary strand, thus exhibiting a preference for purine nucleobases. Although the resulting double helices are less stable than natural ones, they present only minor local distortions. 6‐Deoxyglucose stays fully integrated in the double helix and its OH groups form two hydrogen bonds with the opposing guanine. This 6‐deoxyglucose‐guanine pair closely resembles a purine‐pyrimidine geometry. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that glucose‐purine pairs are as stable as a natural T‐A pair.
Coupling of Carbon Monoxide with Nitrogen Monoxide at a Frustrated Lewis Pair Template
Authors: Ye Ke‐Yin , Kehr Gerald , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Liu Lei , Grimme Stefan , Erker Gerhard 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCoupling of carbon monoxide with nitrogen monoxide was achieved at a frustrated Lewis pair template. This unique reaction uses hydride as an auxiliary, which reductively activates carbon monoxide at the frustrated Lewis pair. The CO/NO coupling reaction then takes place through a pathway involving a radical reaction in which the hydrogen atom auxiliary is eventually removed again.
Quantitative, In Situ Visualization of Metal‐Ion Dissolution and Transport Using 1H Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Bray Joshua M. , Davenport Alison J. , Ryder Karl S. , Britton Melanie M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractQuantitative mapping of metal ions freely diffusing in solution is important across a diverse range of disciplines and is particularly significant for dissolution processes in batteries, metal corrosion, and electroplating/polishing of manufactured components. However, most current techniques are invasive, requiring sample extraction, insertion of an electrode, application of an electric potential or the inclusion of a molecular sensor. Thus, there is a need for techniques to visualize the distribution of metal ions non‐invasively, in situ, quantitatively, in three dimensions (3D) and in real time. Here we have used 1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to make quantitative 3D maps showing evolution of the distribution of Cu2+ ions, not directly visible by MRI, during the electrodissolution of copper, with high sensitivity and spatial resolution. The images are sensitive to the speciation of copper, the depletion of dissolved O2 in the electrolyte and show the dissolution of Cu2+ ions is not uniform across the anode.
Leader Peptide‐Free In Vitro Reconstitution of Microviridin Biosynthesis Enables Design of Synthetic Protease‐Targeted Libraries
Authors: Reyna‐González Emmanuel , Schmid Bianca , Petras Daniel , Süssmuth Roderich D. , Dittmann Elke 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMicroviridins are a family of ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptides with a highly unusual architecture featuring non‐canonical lactone as well as lactam rings. Individual variants specifically inhibit different types of serine proteases. Here we have established an efficient in vitro reconstitution approach based on two ATP‐grasp ligases that were constitutively activated using covalently attached leader peptides and a GNAT‐type N‐acetyltransferase. The method facilitates the efficient in vitro one‐pot transformation of microviridin core peptides to mature microviridins. The engineering potential of the chemo‐enzymatic technology was demonstrated for two synthetic peptide libraries that were used to screen and optimize microviridin variants targeting the serine proteases trypsin and subtilisin. Successive analysis of intermediates revealed distinct structure–activity relationships for respective target proteases.
Styrene–hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer based alkyd resins with a comb‐type structural morphology obtained with a high solid content
Authors: Mejía María C. , Murillo Edwin A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTNowadays, so many studies are being carried out with the goal of obtaining environmentally friendly materials. In this study, styrene–hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer (St‐co‐HEA) based alkyd resins with high solid contents and comb‐type structural morphologies were synthesized from St‐co‐HEA and macromonomers [MMs; dimethylol propionic acid modified with different proportions of tall oil fatty acids (TOFAs)]. The molar mass and gloss values of St‐co‐HEA were lower than those of the alkyd resins, but the thermal stability, viscosity, and glass‐transition temperature exhibited the opposite behavior. In all cases, the conversion percentage was higher than 80 %. The hydroxyl value and viscosity of the alkyd resins decreased with the TOFA content present in the MMrs, but the molar mass and the thermal stability increased. The rheological behavior of these resins was mainly pseudoplastic. Furthermore, the viscosity values were lower than 10 Pa s. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43996.
The warm‐core structure of Super Typhoon Rammasun derived by FY‐3C microwave temperature sounder measurements
Authors: Wang Xiang , Ren Yifang , Li Xun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe microwave temperature sounder (MWTS) on board the third FengYun satellite (FY‐3C) is well suited for the detection of tropical cyclones because the observed radiance is insignificantly affected by non‐precipitating clouds. In this study, a stepwise multiple linear regression technique is proposed to retrieve the atmospheric temperature profiles based on MWTS measurements. Under clear‐sky conditions, the root‐mean‐square error of retrieved temperature is no >1.4 K, which is low enough to monitor the thermal structure within typhoons. An application of this method to the Super Typhoon Rammasun resolves the warm‐core eye and temperature gradients across the eye‐wall very well.
Teachers' perspectives on effective responses to overt bullying
Authors: Sokol Nicole , Bussey Kay , Rapee Ronald M. 
Published: June 2016

School communities worldwide are tackling the pervasive problem of school bullying. Teachers hold an important responsibility to prevent and manage bullying problems in the school environment and often play a key role in advising students about how to respond to bullying. This study examined teachers' perspectives on the most effective ways to respond to overt bullying. Australian primary and secondary school teachers (N = 289; Mean age = 41.22 years, 59 males) completed online questionnaires about four hypothetical videotaped scenarios portraying different victim responses (angry, sad, confident, ignoring) to physical or verbal bullying. Qualitative measures assessing teachers' recommendations to victims about how to respond to bullying and the rationales underlying their suggested approaches were also obtained. Teachers considered confident and ignoring victim responses to be more effective than sad and angry responses. Furthermore, sad victims were perceived to be at greatest risk of future victimisation, while confident victims were considered to be at lowest risk. Teachers reported a broad range of victim response recommendations and rationales that at times varied depending on the type of bullying but did not differ according to students' gender. Understanding teachers' views about effective victim responding may inform professional education programmes aimed at guiding teachers in how best to support and advise victims of bullying.
Covalent Inhibition of HIV‐1 Integrase by N‐Succinimidyl Peptides
Authors: Chandra Koushik , Das Priyadip , Mamidi Samarasimhareddy , Hurevich Mattan , Iosub‐Amir Anat , Metanis Norman , Reches Meital , Friedler Assaf 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe present a new approach for the covalent inhibition of HIV‐1 integrase (IN) by an LEDGF/p75‐derived peptide modified with an N‐terminal succinimide group. The covalent inhibition is mediated by direct binding of the succinimide to the amine group of a lysine residue in IN. The peptide serves as a specific recognition sequence for the target protein, while the succinimide serves as the binding moiety. The combination of a readily synthesizable peptide precursor with easy and efficient binding to the target protein makes this approach a promising new strategy for designing lead compounds.
Cloud resource management driven by profit augmentation
Authors: Lage‐Freitas André , Parlavantzas Nikos , Pazat Jean 
Published: June 2016

SummaryCloud computing has become the infrastructure of choice for building and delivering software services. A key challenge for service providers is effectively managing cloud resources in order to increase profit while maintaining service‐level agreements (SLAs) with customers. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a combination of automated mechanisms for resource and execution management. The resource management mechanisms, namely, under‐provisioning and contract rescission, reduce resource allocation costs and minimize penalties incurred when performance objectives are violated. The execution management mechanisms, namely, crash recovery and delay recovery, minimize penalties incurred when reliability objectives are violated. The mechanisms are integrated in the Qu4DS framework and evaluated in the Grid'5000 testbed. The results show that the under‐provisioning mechanism increases profit by 20–50%, the contract rescission mechanism increases profit up to four times, and the execution management mechanisms increase profit by up to 60%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A revisited phylogeography of Nautilus pompilius
Authors: Vandepas Lauren E. , Dooley Frederick D. , Barord Gregory J. , Swalla Billie J. , Ward Peter D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe cephalopod genus Nautilus is considered a “living fossil” with a contested number of extant and extinct species, and a benthic lifestyle that limits movement of animals between isolated seamounts and landmasses in the Indo‐Pacific. Nautiluses are fished for their shells, most heavily in the Philippines, and these fisheries have little monitoring or regulation. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that multiple species of Nautilus (e.g., N. belauensis, N. repertus and N. stenomphalus) are in fact one species with a diverse phenotypic and geologic range. Using mitochondrial markers, we show that nautiluses from the Philippines, eastern Australia (Great Barrier Reef), Vanuatu, American Samoa, and Fiji fall into distinct geographical clades. For phylogenetic analysis of species complexes across the range of nautilus, we included sequences of Nautilus pompilius and other Nautilus species from GenBank from localities sampled in this study and others. We found that specimens from Western Australia cluster with samples from the Philippines, suggesting that interbreeding may be occurring between those locations, or that there is limited genetic drift due to large effective population sizes. Intriguingly, our data also show that nautilus identified in other studies as N. belauensis, N. stenomphalus, or N. repertus are likely N. pompilius displaying a diversity of morphological characters, suggesting that there is significant phenotypic plasticity within N. pompilius.
ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Locoregional therapy for resectable oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Beitler Jonathan J. , Quon Harry , Jones Christopher U. , Salama Joseph K. , Busse Paul M. , Cooper Jay S. , Koyfman Shlomo A. , Ridge John A. , Saba Nabil F. , Siddiqui Farzan , Smith Richard V. , Worden Francis , Yao Min , Yom Sue S. ,   Expert Panel on Radiation Oncology – Head and Neck
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere are no level I studies to guide treatment for resectable oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Treatment toxicities influence management recommendations. Ongoing investigations are examining deintensified treatments for human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal SCC.MethodsThe Appropriateness Criteria panel, using modified Delphi methodology, produced a literature summary, an assessment of treatment recommendations, and cases to illustrate their use.ResultsA multidisciplinary team produces optimum results. Based on HPV status, smoking history, and staging, patients are divided into groups at low, intermediate, and high‐risk of death. In the future, treatment recommendations may be influenced by HPV status, which has changed the epidemiology of oropharyngeal SCC.ConclusionT1 to T2N0M0 resectable oropharyngeal SCC can be treated with surgery or radiation without chemotherapy. Patients with T1‐2N1‐2aM0 disease can receive radiation, chemoradiation, or transoral surgery with neck dissection and appropriate adjuvant therapy. Patients with T1‐2N2b‐3M0 disease should receive chemoradiation or transoral surgery with neck dissection and appropriate adjuvant therapy. Concurrent chemoradiation is preferred for T3 to T4 disease. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1299–1309, 2016
On the Implementation of Cu/Ethylene Glycol Nanofluids Inside an Annular Pipe Under a Constant Wall Temperature Boundary Condition
Authors: Jafarimoghaddam A. , Aberoumand S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study aims to investigate convective heat transfer inside an annular tube under a constant wall temperature as the outer boundary condition. The outer wall temperature is set to 91 °C, while the other boundaries remained unchanged. For different volume concentrations of Cu as the nanoparticle (0.011, 0.044, and 0.171), the study has been pursued. The acquired data is used to develop a correlation for Nusselt number. The correlation is valid for a Cu/Base Ethylene Glycol nanofluid flow with the volume concentrations between 0.011 and 0.171 in the hydrodynamically fully developed laminar flow regime with Re <160 which is applicable in milli and micro channel heat exchangers.