bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economía Verde, Una Propuesta para Salvaguardar la Vida en el Planeta
Authors: Cabrera Venot Oscar Eduardo 
Published: January 2018

Muchas organizaciones en el mundo dedican sus esfuerzos a la presentación de planes y propuestas que permitan la conservación del planeta y sus habitantes basadas en la preservación del ambiente, y atacando específicamente la causa del calentamiento global, producto del efecto invernadero. Todos estos esfuerzos deben ser bienvenidos, las propuestas convertirse en hechos tangibles y la población mundial en pleno debe estar sensibilizada sobre su papel como individuo en este escenario. Sin embargo, detrás de todo esto existen intereses de orden económico que de manera importante afectarían las economías de naciones enteras, y es allí donde se presentan las principales trabas para la aplicación de programas conservacionistas. Este ensayo, basado en una revisión documental y en análisis de fuentes bibliográficas, se propone mostrar los principales aspectos que a criterio del autor, deben ser considerados en una eco-economía, término introducido por Brown en el año 2006, o en una economía verde, para ello se presentan algunas reflexiones sobre la economía mundial en la actualidad, para luego presentar algunas ponderaciones sobre las variables que están estresando al planeta en cuanto a cambio climático y las bases biológicas. Se consideran los aspectos relacionados con un nuevo orden económico mundial en cuanto a combustibles, nuevos materiales, alimentación de la población, protección de los bosques y rediseño de las ciudades. Finalmente, se reflexionó sobre la estabilización de la población mundial, la reglas para reestructurar la economía y aceleración del proceso de transición.
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetic Maculopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Study From Central Nepal
Authors: Munakarmi Nilam , Pokharel Amrit , Malla Om Krishna , Pradhananga Chhabindra Lal 
Published: January 2018

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic maculopathy is a complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was done to assess the prevalence and risk factors of Diabetic maculopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nepalese patients presenting to our hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A hospital-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of ophthalmology, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital (KMCTH), Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal from August, 2012 to October, 2014. 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus underwent a detailed interview and a comprehensive dilated ocular evaluation by an ophthalmologist. Diabetic maculopathy was defined according to the international classification and grading system. RESULTS: 200 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus included 90 men (45%) and 110 women (55%) of age ranging from 23 80 years (mean age = 56.23, median age = 57.5 and SD = 10.83). Diabetic maculopathy was detected in 22 patients (11%). The disease duration of 6 to 15 years had the highest prevalence of Diabetic maculopathy. Significant risk factors for diabetic maculopathy were higher levels of HbA1c (p = 0.005), higher values of blood pressure (p = 0.001), higher cholesterol levels (p = 0.000), higher LDL-cholesterol levels (p = 0.000), higher triglyceride levels (p = 0.000), higher creatinine values (p = 0.000), higher urea values (p = 0.000), higher FBS levels (p = 0.020), higher PPBS levels (p = 0.001) and lower hemoglobin values (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Significant risk factors for diabetic maculopathy were higher levels of HbA1c, higher values of blood pressure, higher cholesterol levels, higher LDL-cholesterol levels, higher triglyceride levels, higher creatinine values, higher urea values, higher FBS levels, higher PPBS levels and lower hemoglobin values. However, smoking, drinking alcohol, dietary habits, HDL and BMI contributed as insignificant risk factors.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol.04 No.01 Issue 13, Page: 16-21
The International Biological Program in Eastern Europe: Science Diplomacy, Comecon and the Beginnings of Ecology in Czechoslovakia
Authors: Olšáková Doubravka 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyse the international scientific policy of the countries of the Socialist Bloc in relation to the establishment of the International Biological Program. It focuses mainly on Czechoslovakia as one of the main active members of the IBP and as a close ally of the USSR when it entered the realm of international science policy after years of targeted isolation forced upon it during Stalinism. The study examines Soviet international science policy strategy and coordination from the reinstatement of Central and Eastern European countries as members of UNESCO and the ICSU to the occupation of the highest positions within IUBS and the contribution to establishing the definitive shape of the International Biological Program. The influence that socialist countries gained thanks to their international coordination efforts allowed them to modify the focus of the IBP to best meet their interests. As a result, they also ended up influencing the development and direction of the biological sciences in the 1970s and 1980s. From the perspective of institutional history, the specific infrastructure of the IBP led to the creation of not just new types of research groups and institutes but also scientific committees, which, thanks to their official status and inclusion in the IBP, and later MaB, gained political clout. New ecological paradigms and the open dialogue between scientists across the Iron Curtain within the IBP was the first serious crack in the monolithic approach of the Socialist Bloc towards the environment, through which the road to environmental initiatives - which were very frequently linked to anti-regime attitudes - led.
Ventral Slot Surgery to Manage Cervical Intervertebral Disc Disease in Three Cats
Authors: Cappello Rodolfo , Alexander Akash , De Decker Steven , Crawford Abbe 
Published: January 2018

Objective This case series describes the clinical presentation, management and outcome of three cats diagnosed with cervical intervertebral disc disease that underwent decompressive ventral slot surgery.
Methods This is a retrospective case series evaluating client-owned cats undergoing a ventral slot surgical procedure to manage cervical intervertebral disc disease (n = 3).
Results A routine ventral slot surgery was performed in each case without complication, resulting in postoperative neurological improvement in all three cases.
Clinical Significance Ventral slot surgery can be used to achieve effective cervical spinal cord decompression with a good long-term outcome in the management of feline cervical intervertebral disc herniation. To avoid creating an excessively wide slot with the potential for postoperative complications including vertebral sinus haemorrhage, vertebral instability or ventral slot collapse, careful surgical planning was performed with preoperative measurement of the desired maximum slot dimensions.
Development of Internet-Based Tasks for the Executive Function Performance Test
Authors: Rand Debbie , Lee Ben-Haim Keren , Malka Rachel , Portnoy Sigal 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The Executive Function Performance Test (EFPT) is a reliable and valid performance-based tool to assess executive functions (EFs). This study’s objective was to develop and verify two Internet-based tasks for the EFPT.
METHOD. A cross-sectional study assessed the alternate-form reliability of the Internet-based bill-paying and telephone-use tasks in healthy adults and people with subacute stroke (Study 1). It also sought to establish the tasks’ criterion reliability for assessing EF deficits by correlating performance with that on the Trail Making Test in five groups: healthy young adults, healthy older adults, people with subacute stroke, people with chronic stroke, and young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Study 2).
RESULTS. The alternative-form reliability and initial construct validity for the Internet-based bill-paying task were verified. Criterion validity was established for both tasks.
CONCLUSION. The Internet-based tasks are comparable to the original EFPT tasks and can be used for assessment of EF deficits.
Therapy Caps and Variation in Cost of Outpatient Occupational Therapy by Provider, Insurance Status, and Geographic Region
Authors: Pergolotti Mackenzi , Lavery Jessica , Reeve Bryce B. , Dusetzina Stacie B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOBJECTIVE. This article describes the cost of occupational therapy by provider, insurance status, and geographic region and the number of visits allowed and out-of-pocket costs under proposed therapy caps.METHOD. This retrospective, population-based study used Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data for occupational therapists billing in 2012 and 2013 (Ns = 3,662 and 3,820, respectively). We examined variations in outpatient occupational therapy services with descriptive statistics and the impact of therapy caps on occupational therapy visits and patient out-of-pocket costs.RESULTS. Differences in cost between occupational and physical therapists were minimal. The most frequently billed service was therapeutic exercises. Wisconsin had the most inflated outpatient costs in both years. Under the proposed therapy cap, patients could receive an evaluation plus 12–14 visits.DISCUSSION. Wide variation exists in potential patient out-of-pocket costs for occupational therapy services on the basis of insurance coverage and state. Patients without insurance pay a premium.
Occupation-Based Coaching by Means of Telehealth for Families of Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Little Lauren M. , Pope Ellen , Wallisch Anna , Dunn Winnie 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We investigated the efficacy of Occupation-Based Coaching delivered via telehealth for families of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
METHOD. Participants were 18 families of children with ASD ages 2–6 yr. We used descriptive statistics to understand intervention characteristics and paired-sample t tests to examine changes in parent efficacy and child participation.
RESULTS. Parents identified many areas of child adaptive behavior as intervention goals. Results showed that parent efficacy and various domains of child participation significantly increased postintervention (both ps &lt; .05). Additionally, children showed significant gains in parent-identified goals.
CONCLUSION. Occupation-Based Coaching delivered via telehealth appears to be an effective method of intervention to increase parent efficacy and child participation among families of children with ASD. Occupational therapists may consider how telehealth may be used to provide intervention to an increased number of families, in particular those in underserved areas.
Mirror Therapy and Task-Oriented Training for People With a Paretic Upper Extremity
Authors: Bondoc Salvador , Booth Julie , Budde Grace , Caruso Katelyn , DeSousa Michelle , Earl Brittany , Hammerton Kaitlynn , Humphreys Jill 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOBJECTIVE. This study investigates the effect of mirror therapy and task-oriented training on the paretic upper extremity function and occupational performance of people with stroke.METHOD. This study used a repeated-measures, case-series design in which 4 participants completed a 4-wk intervention consisting of mirror therapy and task-specific training. The intervention was conducted 2×/wk in the clinic and 4×/wk at home.RESULTS. All participants displayed clinically meaningful improvements in self-identified goals at the end of the intervention and at follow-up. Three participants showed clinically meaningful changes in motor function. Although only 1 participant improved in his reported amount of use, all participants showed clinically meaningful improvements in perceived movement quality at varying points of assessment.CONCLUSION. Mirror therapy, when used as priming for task-oriented training, can produce clinical improvements in upper extremity function and occupational performance in people with hemiparesis.
The Rofental: a high Alpine research basin (1890–3770 m a.s.l.) in the Ötztal Alps (Austria) with over 150 years of hydrometeorological and glaciological observations
Authors: Strasser Ulrich , Marke Thomas , Braun Ludwig , Escher-Vetter Heidi , Juen Irmgard , Kuhn Michael , Maussion Fabien , Mayer Christoph , Nicholson Lindsey , Niedertscheider Klaus , Sailer Rudolf , Stötter Johann , Weber Markus , Kaser Georg 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. A comprehensive hydrometeorological and glaciological data set is presented, originating from a multitude of glaciological, meteorological, hydrological and laser scanning recordings at research sites in the Rofental (1891–3772 m a.s.l., Ötztal Alps, Austria). The data sets span a period of 150 years and hence represent a unique time series of rich high-altitude mountain observations. Their collection was originally initiated to support scientific investigation of the glaciers Hintereisferner, Kesselwandferner and Vernagtferner. Annual mass balance, glacier front variation, flow velocities and photographic records of the status of these glaciers were recorded. Later, additional measurements of meteorological and hydrological variables were undertaken, and over time a number of autonomous weather stations and runoff gauges were brought into operation; the available data now comprise records of temperature, relative humidity, short- and longwave radiation, wind speed and direction, air pressure, precipitation, and river water levels. Since 2001, a series of distributed (airborne and terrestrial) laser scans is available, along with associated digital surface models. In 2016 a permanent terrestrial laser scanner was installed on Im hintern Eis (3244 m a.s.l.) to continuously observe almost the entire area of Hintereisferner. The data and research undertaken at the sites of investigation in the Rofental area enable combined research of cryospheric, atmospheric and hydrological processes in complex terrain, and support the development of several state-of-the-art glacier mass balance and hydroclimatological models. The institutions taking part in the Rofental research framework promote their site in several international research initiatives. In INARCH (International Network for Alpine Research Catchment Hydrology, http://words.usask.ca/inarch), all original research data sets are now provided to the scientific community according to the Creative Commons Attribution License by means of the PANGAEA repository (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.876120).
Ensemble projection of the sea level rise impact on storm surge and inundation at the coast of Bangladesh
Authors: Jisan Mansur Ali , Bao Shaowu , Pietrafesa Leonard J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The hydrodynamic model Delft3D is used to study the impact of sea level rise (SLR) on storm surge and inundation in the coastal region of Bangladesh. To study the present-day inundation scenario, the tracks of two known tropical cyclones (TC) were used: Aila (Category 1; 2009) and Sidr (Category 5; 2007). Model results were validated with the available observations. Future inundation scenarios were generated by using the strength of TC Sidr, TC Aila and an ensemble of historical TC tracks but incorporating the effect of SLR. Since future change in storm surge inundation under SLR impact is a probabilistic incident, a probable range of future change in the inundated area was calculated by taking into consideration the uncertainties associated with TC tracks, intensities and landfall timing. The model outputs showed that the inundated area for TC Sidr, which was calculated as 1860 km2, would become 31 % larger than the present-day scenario if a SLR of 0.26 m occurred during the mid-21st-century climate scenario. Similarly to that, an increasing trend was found for the end-21st-century climate scenario. It was found that with a SLR of 0.54 m, the inundated area would become 53 % larger than the present-day case. Along with the inundation area, the impact of SLR was examined for changes in future storm surge level. A significant increase of 14 % was found in storm surge level for the case of TC Sidr at Barisal station if a SLR of 0.26 m occurred in the mid-21st century. Similarly to that, an increase of 29 % was found at storm surge level with a SLR of 0.54 m in this location for the end-21st-century climate scenario. Ensemble projections based on uncertainties of future TC events also showed that, for a change of 0.54 m in SLR, the inundated area would range between 3500 and 3750 km2, whereas for present-day SLR simulations it was found within the range of 1000–1250 km2. These results revealed that even if the future TCs remain at the same strength as at present, the projected changes in SLR will generate more severe threats in terms of surge height and the extent of the inundated area.
Extreme heat in India and anthropogenic climate change
Authors: van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , Philip Sjoukje , Kew Sarah , van Weele Michiel , Uhe Peter , Otto Friederike , Singh Roop , Pai Indrani , Cullen Heidi , AchutaRao Krishna 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. On 19 May 2016 the afternoon temperature reached 51.0 °C in Phalodi in the northwest of India – a new record for the highest observed maximum temperature in India. The previous year, a widely reported very lethal heat wave occurred in the southeast, in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, killing thousands of people. In both cases it was widely assumed that the probability and severity of heat waves in India are increasing due to global warming, as they do in other parts of the world. However, we do not find positive trends in the highest maximum temperature of the year in most of India since the 1970s (except spurious trends due to missing data). Decadal variability cannot explain this, but both increased air pollution with aerosols blocking sunlight and increased irrigation leading to evaporative cooling have counteracted the effect of greenhouse gases up to now. Current climate models do not represent these processes well and hence cannot be used to attribute heat waves in this area. The health effects of heat are often described better by a combination of temperature and humidity, such as a heat index or wet bulb temperature. Due to the increase in humidity from irrigation and higher sea surface temperatures (SSTs), these indices have increased over the last decades even when extreme temperatures have not. The extreme air pollution also exacerbates the health impacts of heat. From these factors it follows that, from a health impact point of view, the severity of heat waves has increased in India. For the next decades we expect the trend due to global warming to continue but the surface cooling effect of aerosols to diminish as air quality controls are implemented. The expansion of irrigation will likely continue, though at a slower pace, mitigating this trend somewhat. Humidity will probably continue to rise. The combination will result in a strong rise in the temperature of heat waves. The high humidity will make health effects worse, whereas decreased air pollution would decrease the impacts.
Comparison Analysis of Airline Energy Efficiency Under Weak Disposability and Strong Disposability Using a Virtual Frontier Slack–Based Measure Model
Authors: Cui Qiang , Li Ye , Wei Yi-Ming 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTIn this article, the energy efficiency of airlines has been studied with number of employees, capital stock, and tons of aviation kerosene as the inputs and revenue tonne kilometers, revenue passenger kilometers, total business income, and CO2 emission as the outputs. Two new models, Virtual Frontier SBM (slack-based measure) with strong disposability and Virtual Frontier SBM with weak disposability, are proposed to calculate the energy efficiencies of 22 airlines from 2008 to 2012. We prove two important properties of Virtual Frontier SBM, which can show its advantages over traditional model. The main findings are (1) Scandinavian Airlines has the largest average energy efficiency in the period both in strong disposability and weak disposability; and (2) CO2 emission has significant impacts on energy efficiency change in strong disposability, while it has little impact in weak disposability.
« Plus de livre, plus jamais de livre »
Authors: Hamel Jean-François 
Published: January 2018

Dans la perspective d’une histoire culturelle des formes et des théories de l’engagement, cet article reconstitue la politique de la littérature défendue par le Comité d’action étudiants-écrivains, de sa fondation en mai 1968 à sa dissolution moins d’un an plus tard, en regard du répertoire des discours et des pratiques de l’agitation culturelle à la disposition des contestataires. Le thème de « l’absence de livre », présent dans l’oeuvre critique de Maurice Blanchot, trouve là une extension politique, voire insurrectionnelle. D’une part, le Comité se porte à la défense d’un espace public oppositionnel, alimenté par la production militante des tracts, des affiches et des bulletins, au sein duquel le livre, emblématique de la culture bourgeoise, apparaît comme un instrument de répression au service du pouvoir. D’autre part, au nom d’une exigence radicale de pluralité, et conformément à l’esprit antiautoritaire des événements, le Comité conteste la littérature comme discours d’exception et refuse le prestige symbolique rattaché au statut d’écrivain, rejetant ainsi l’idée même d’une oeuvre d’art révolutionnaire. D’où le paradoxe d’un Comité d’action constitué d’écrivains qui, pendant plusieurs mois, par fidélité au soulèvement, prend la décision de littéralement faire grève de la littérature.
Aproximación al uso del halago en el español de Monterrey
Authors: Jiménez Martin Elena , Mendieta Garrote Eva 
Published: January 2018

Este trabajo pretende ser una contribución al conocimiento del uso del halago en la comunidad mexicana de Monterrey. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo el análisis pragmático de dos corpus lingüísticos distintos y complementarios, compuestos de entrevistas semiformales y de muestras de habla coloquial espontánea. El estudio de la tipología funcional de los halagos recogidos, junto a los tipos de respuesta que suscitan, arroja luz sobre el valor sociocultural de estos actos de habla. En el sistema de cortesía mexicano, los cumplidos se erigen como actos valorizantes que realzan la imagen del otro y tienen al mismo tiempo una repercusión positiva en la imagen propia, con lo que sirven para reforzar la imagen de filiación y acercamiento que caracteriza a la cultura mexicana. Se conforman, pues, como un elemento importante de interacción social, que tiene su base en la cortesía, apego al grupo, a la comunidad y a la comunión con el otro.
Autoridad epistémica y
atenuación en Tena Kichwa: Análisis de enclítico =cha basado en el
corpus
Authors: Grzech Karolina 
Published: January 2018

Este
artículo se enfoca en la relación entre atenuación y falta de
autoridad epistémica. Los datos analizados en el artículo provienen de
tena kichwa, una lengua quechua en peligro de extinción, hablada en la
Amazonia Ecuatoriana. La lengua posee un paradigma de marcadores que
son cognados de los marcadores evidenciales en otras lenguas quechuas,
pero que en tena kichwa se relacionan con la autoridad epistémica:
‘el derecho del hablante a saber o sostener algo’ (Stivers et
al. 2011).El artículo describe la semántica de los dos marcadores de
autoridad epistémica en tena kichwa: =mi y =cha. Se concentra sobre
todo en los efectos de atenuación que se pueden lograr a través del
uso de =cha. Propone que el marcador, que codifica ‘la falta de
autoridad epistémica del hablante’, puede tener un sutil efecto
atenuativo, ya que ‘distancia al hablante de la elocución’ y ‘reduce
la fuerza comunicativa de la oración (Briz y Albelda 2013). Destaca
que este efecto atenuador no consiste en reducir el compromiso del
hablante con la veracidad de la aseveración. Por lo mismo, el análisis
atenuativo de =cha en tena kichwa abre preguntas teóricas interesantes
en cuanto a lo que se puede considerar una estrategia de atenuación en
el discurso.