bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perbandingan Potensi Daun Ketepeng dan Minyak Ikan Lemuru sebagai Agensia Reduksi Metan dalam Memperbaiki Kualitas Pakan Ternak Ruminansia
Authors: Widyawati Susi Dwi 
Published: February 2017

<p><em>Th</em><em>e</em><em> research </em><em>wa</em><em>s done</em><em> to study the potential of ketepeng leaf meal and lemuru fish oil as agents to reduce methane production</em><em>. The composition of feed supplements, lamtoro leave meal (LLM), urea (U) and mollases (M) </em><em>were </em><em>in different ratios</em><em>:</em><em> 1:5, 1:6 and 1:7 and ketepeng</em><em> leaf</em><em> meal (DKM) and lemuru fish oil (MIL). The feed supplement was added to the native grass as a basal diet</em><em>,</em><em> P1: U: M = 1:5, DKM, P2: U: M = 1:5, MIL, P3: U: M = 1:6, DKM, P4: U: M = 1:6, MIL, P5: U: M = 1:7, DKM, P6: U: M = 1:7, MIL. </em><em>R</em><em>esearch </em><em>was </em><em>done with in vitro gas technique. </em><em>I</em><em>noculum </em><em>was taken from </em><em>rumen fluid </em><em>of</em><em> a </em><em>fistulated </em><em>male cow</em><em>,</em><em> </em><em>which was taken</em><em> before feed</em><em>ing</em><em> in the morning. </em><em>R</em><em>umen fluid pH </em><em>did not </em><em>significant</em><em>ly</em><em> different, </em><em>indicating</em><em> the microbial fermentation in rumen run well and normally </em><em>we</em><em>re not affected by the treatment. </em><em>The VFA</em><em> production</em><em> of</em><em> P5 and P6</em><em> was significantly lower than</em><em> P1, P2, P3 and P4 </em><em>(</em><em>P &lt;0.05). Production of C2 and C3</em><em> were</em><em> relatively the same except </em><em>for</em><em> P6 (P &lt;0.05) </em><em>which relative higher</em><em>. </em><em>Ratio of</em><em> C2/C3 and inversely related C3, </em><em>when </em><em>C3 production </em><em>increased the </em><em>C2/C3 ratio </em><em>decreased </em><em>(P &lt;0.05)</em><em>. M</em><em>ethane production </em><em>of</em><em> P6 </em><em>was higher but did not</em><em> different </em><em>with</em><em> P4 and P5. </em><em>It can be concluded that</em><em> diet </em><em>which </em><em>produced low methane </em><em>was</em><em> the native grass supplemented with urea and molases at ratio 1: 5 </em><em>contained either </em><em>ketepeng lea</em><em>f</em><em> meal </em><em>or</em><em> lemuru fish oil. </em><em></em></p><p><em><br /> <strong>Key</strong></em><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>words</em></strong><em>: native grass, supplement, ketepeng leaf meal, lemuru fish oil, methane production</em><em>.</em></p>
Logistics Network Design, Shipment Consolidation in a Distribution Centre – Warehouses – Customers Integrated Inventory Model
Authors: Ritha W. , Sutha S. 
Published: February 2017

<em>This paper presents a study on multi level customers from three integrated network design and management of inventory to distribute from the various centres. The distribution process is performed through the warehouses situated in different location. Then the assignment will be shipped through the agent of the distribution centres. The main objective of this inventory model is to reduce the transportation and handling costs in the logistics network. This network design to establish the proper shipment model for clear the inventory and to provide an equivalent linear formulation. To prove effectiveness of the model, the strategy for handling the inventory is also proposed to in this study. The results also suggested that the distribution centres with high holding capacities should be arranged and scheduled to deliver their shipments.</em>
Relationship between study habits and achievements of grade ten students in Nepal
Authors: Poudel Tek Narayan 
Published: February 2017

The study environment can have a big effect on the overall performance of students. Factors such as noise, interruptions, lighting, temperature, neatness, comfort and equipment can play a major role in shaping the performance of the student. Study habit involves different kinds of personality traits, attitudes, thinking processes, and behaviors related to how a person approaches a learning task. Improving study skills likely involves changing some habits, and making a conscious decision to do so. It is essential to assess the current study habits and its effect on the achievement of students. The study was conducted among the 511 grade ten students of three districts of Nepal. It shows very weak effect of study habit on performance of student. Regression analysis between the study habit and achievement shows that study habit could explain only 2%-8% variation on achievement of students so it indicates the need of improvement in study habit. Proper orientation of study habit is not adequate among the management, teacher, guardians and students so it should be taken serious by concerned person to improve the effectiveness of study habit. Journal of Advanced Academic Research Vol. 3, No.3, 2016, page:40-52
The Effect of Balance Training on Postural Control in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Using a Virtual Rehabilitation System
Authors: Albiol-Pérez Sergio , Gil-Gómez José-Antonio , Muñoz-Tomás Maria-Teresa , Gil-Gómez Hermenegildo , Vial-Escolano Raquel , Lozano-Quilis José-Antonio 
Published: February 2017

SummaryObjectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor clinical alterations among others. Postural problems have serious consequences for patients, not only limiting their daily life but also increasing some risks, like the risk of fall. Inadequate postural control and postural instability is a major problem in PD patients. A Virtual Motor Rehabilitation System (VMR) has been tested in patients with PD in the intervention period. Our purpose was to analyze the evolution of the spatial postural control during the intervention period, to see if there are any changes caused precisely by this intervention.Methods: Ten people with PD carried out 15 virtual rehabilitation sessions. We tested a groundbreaking system based on Virtual Motor Rehabilitation in two periods of time (baseline evaluation and final evaluation). In the training sessions, the participants performed a customizable treatment using a low-cost system, the Active Balance Rehabilitation system (ABAR). We stored the pressure performed by the participants every five hundredths of a second, and we analyzed the patients’ pressure when they maintained their body on the left, on the right, and in the center in sitting position. Our system was able to measure postural control in every patient in each of the virtual rehabilitation sessions.Results: There are no significant differences in the performance of postural control in any of the positions evaluated throughout the sessions. Moreover, the results show a trend to an improvement in all positions. This improvement is especially remarkable in the left/right positions, which are the most important positions in order to avoid problems such as the risk of fall. With regard to the suitability of the ABAR system, we have found outstanding results in enjoyment, success, clarity, and helpfulness.Conclusions: Although PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, the results demonstrate that patients with PD maintain or even improve their postural control in all positions. We think that the main factor influencing these results is that patients use more of their available cognitive processing to improve their postural control. The ABAR system allows us to make this assumption because the system requires the continuous attention of patients, promoting cognitive processing.
Mid-infrared Extinction and Fresh Silicate Dust Toward the Galactic Center
Authors: Voshchinnikov Nikolai V. , Henning Thomas , Il’in Vladimir B. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We interpret the interstellar extinction observed toward the Galactic center (GC) in the wavelength range λ = 1–20 μm. Its main feature is the flat extinction at 3–8 μm whose explanation is still a problem for cosmic dust models. We search for the structure and chemical composition of dust grains that could explain the observed extinction. In contrast to earlier works, we use laboratory measured optical constants and consider particles of different structures. We show that a mixture of compact grains of aromatic carbon and of some silicate is better suited for reproducing the flat extinction in comparison with essentially porous grains or aliphatic carbon particles. Metallic iron should be located inside the particle, i.e., it cannot form layers on silicate grains as the extinction curves then become very peculiar. We find a model including aromatic carbonaceous particles and three-layered particles with an olivine-type silicate core, a thin, very porous layer and a thin envelope of magnetite that provides a good (but still not perfect) fit to the observational data. We suggest that such silicate dust should be fresh, i.e., recently formed in the atmospheres of late-type stars in the central region of the Galaxy. We assume that this region has a radius of about 1 kpc and produces about half of the observed extinction. The remaining part of extinction is caused by a “foreground” material being practically transparent at

.
The Joker: A Custom Monte Carlo Sampler for Binary-star and Exoplanet Radial Velocity Data
Authors: Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Hogg David W. , Foreman-Mackey Daniel , Rix Hans-Walter 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Given sparse or low-quality radial velocity measurements of a star, there are often many qualitatively different stellar or exoplanet companion orbit models that are consistent with the data. The consequent multimodality of the likelihood function leads to extremely challenging search, optimization, and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) posterior sampling over the orbital parameters. Here we create a custom Monte Carlo sampler for sparse or noisy radial velocity measurements of two-body systems that can produce posterior samples for orbital parameters even when the likelihood function is poorly behaved. The six standard orbital parameters for a binary system can be split into four nonlinear parameters (period, eccentricity, argument of pericenter, phase) and two linear parameters (velocity amplitude, barycenter velocity). We capitalize on this by building a sampling method in which we densely sample the prior probability density function (pdf) in the nonlinear parameters and perform rejection sampling using a likelihood function marginalized over the linear parameters. With sparse or uninformative data, the sampling obtained by this rejection sampling is generally multimodal and dense. With informative data, the sampling becomes effectively unimodal but too sparse: in these cases we follow the rejection sampling with standard MCMC. The method produces correct samplings in orbital parameters for data that include as few as three epochs. The Joker can therefore be used to produce proper samplings of multimodal pdfs, which are still informative and can be used in hierarchical (population) modeling. We give some examples that show how the posterior pdf depends sensitively on the number and time coverage of the observations and their uncertainties.
The Chandra COSMOS Legacy Survey: Energy Spectrum of the Cosmic X-Ray Background and Constraints on Undetected Populations
Authors: Cappelluti Nico , Li Yanxia , Ricarte Angelo , Agarwal Bhaskar , Allevato Viola , Ananna Tonima Tasnim , Ajello Marco , Civano Francesca , Comastri Andrea , Elvis Martin , Finoguenov Alexis , Gilli Roberto , Hasinger Günther , Marchesi Stefano , Natarajan Priyamvada , Pacucci Fabio , Treister E. , Urry C. Megan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Using Chandra observations in the 2.15 deg2 COSMOS-legacy field, we present one of the most accurate measurements of the Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB) spectrum to date in the [0.3–7] keV energy band. The CXB has three distinct components: contributions from two Galactic collisional thermal plasmas at kT ∼ 0.27 and 0.07 keV and an extragalactic power law with a photon spectral index Γ = 1.45 ± 0.02. The 1 keV normalization of the extragalactic component is 10.91 ± 0.16 keV cm−2 s−1 sr−1 keV−1. Removing all X-ray-detected sources, the remaining unresolved CXB is best fit by a power law with normalization 4.18 ± 0.26 keV cm−2 s−1 sr−1 keV−1 and photon spectral index Γ = 1.57 ± 0.10. Removing faint galaxies down to

leaves a hard spectrum with

and a 1 keV normalization of ∼1.37 keV cm−2 s−1 sr−1 keV−1. This means that ∼91% of the observed CXB is resolved into detected X-ray sources and undetected galaxies. Unresolved sources that contribute ∼8%–9% of the total CXB show marginal evidence of being harder and possibly more obscured than resolved sources. Another ∼1% of the CXB can be attributed to still undetected star-forming galaxies and absorbed active galactic nuclei. According to these limits, we investigate a scenario where early black holes totally account for non-source CXB fraction and constrain some of their properties. In order to not exceed the remaining CXB and the

accreted mass density, such a population of black holes must grow in Compton-thick envelopes with

1.6 × 1025 cm−2 and form in extremely low-metallicity environments

.
Neutrophil Microparticles Deliver Active Myeloperoxidase to Injured Mucosa To Inhibit Epithelial Wound Healing
Authors: Slater Thomas W. , Finkielsztein Ariel , Mascarenhas Lorraine A. , Mehl Lindsey C. , Butin-Israeli Veronika , Sumagin Ronen 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Neutrophil (PMN) infiltration of the intestinal mucosa often leads to severe epithelial injury; however, how this process occurs is unclear. This article describes a novel mechanism whereby membrane-derived microparticles released by tissue infiltrating PMNs (PMN-MPs) serve as shuttles to protect and deliver active mediators to locally modulate cellular function during inflammation. Specifically, myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is abundantly expressed in PMN azurophilic granules and is used for microbial killing, was found to be mobilized to the PMN surface and subsequently released in association with PMN-MPs upon PMN activation and binding to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The enzymatic activity of PMN-MP–associated MPO was enhanced compared with soluble protein, leading to potent inhibition of wound closure following PMN-MP binding to IECs. Importantly, localized microinjection of PMN-MPs into wounded colonic mucosa was sufficient to impair epithelial wound healing in vivo. PMN-MP/MPO–dependent inhibition of IEC wound healing was due to impaired IEC migration and proliferation, resulting from impeded actin dynamics, cell spreading, and cell cycle arrest. Thus, our findings provide new insight into mechanisms governing PMN-induced tissue injury and implicate PMN-MPs and MPO as important regulators of cellular function.
Understanding James, Understanding Modernism
Authors: Evans David H. 
Published: February 2017

Psychologist, philosopher, teacher, writer–William James stood closer than any other thinker to the center of the confluence of intellectual and artistic forces that defined the culture of modernism. The outstanding feature of this volume lies in its intent to investigate James’s influence on both American and International Modernism. It provides, on the one hand, a multifaceted introduction to students of history, philosophy, and culture, and on the other, a compendium of some of the most up-to-date thinking on this central figure.
James’s first book, Principles of Psychology (1890) immediately established James as the leading psychologist of his time, at a moment in history when psychology seemed to offer the promise of finding some definitive answers to eternal philosophical conundra. James’s innovations would register a clear effect on much modernist art, most evidently in the stylistic prose experiments of James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and their imitators. James’s tentative skepticism concerning the concept of consciousness as such, and the post-Cartesian ego that was its foundation, also anticipates the questioning of the subject that would be the theme of much modern, and indeed postmodern thought.
The contributors to this volume explore James’s most essential texts as well as his influence on contemporary writers, artists, and thinkers. The final section is a glossary of James’s key terms, with entries written by leading experts.
30-year lidar observations of the stratospheric aerosol layer state over Tomsk (Western Siberia, Russia)
Authors: Zuev Vladimir V. , Burlakov Vladimir D. , Nevzorov Aleksei V. , Pravdin Vladimir L. , Savelieva Ekaterina S. , Gerasimov Vladislav V. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. There are only four lidar stations in the world which have almost continuously performed observations of the stratospheric aerosol layer (SAL) state over the last 30 years. The longest time series of the SAL lidar measurements have been accumulated at the Mauna Loa Observatory (Hawaii) since 1973, the NASA Langley Research Center (Hampton, Virginia) since 1974, and Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany) since 1976. The fourth lidar station we present started to perform routine observations of the SAL parameters in Tomsk (56.48° N, 85.05° E, Western Siberia, Russia) in 1986. In this paper, we mainly focus on and discuss the stratospheric background period from 2000 to 2005 and the causes of the SAL perturbations over Tomsk in the 2006–2015 period. During the last decade, volcanic aerosol plumes from tropical Mt. Manam, Soufrière Hills, Rabaul, Merapi, Nabro, and Kelut and extratropical (northern) Mt. Okmok, Kasatochi, Redoubt, Sarychev Peak, Eyjafjallajökull, and Grímsvötn were detected in the stratosphere over Tomsk. When it was possible, we used the NOAA HYSPLIT trajectory model to assign aerosol layers observed over Tomsk to the corresponding volcanic eruptions. The trajectory analysis highlighted some surprising results. For example, in the cases of the Okmok, Kasatochi, and Eyjafjallajökull eruptions, the HYSPLIT air mass backward trajectories, started from altitudes of aerosol layers detected over Tomsk with a lidar, passed over these volcanoes on their eruption days at altitudes higher than the maximum plume altitudes given by the Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program. An explanation of these facts is suggested. The role of both tropical and northern volcanic eruptions in volcanogenic aerosol loading of the midlatitude stratosphere is also discussed. In addition to volcanoes, we considered other possible causes of the SAL perturbations over Tomsk, i.e., the polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) events and smoke plumes from strong forest fires. At least two PSC events were detected in 1995 and 2007. We also make an assumption that the Kelut volcanic eruption (Indonesia, February 2014) could be the cause of the SAL perturbations over Tomsk during the first quarter of 2015.
An online monitor of the oxidative capacity of aerosols (o-MOCA)
Authors: Eiguren-Fernandez Arantzazu , Kreisberg Nathan , Hering Susanne 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The capacity of airborne particulate matter to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been correlated with the generation of oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo. The cellular damage from oxidative stress, and by implication with ROS, is associated with several common diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and some neurological diseases. Yet currently available chemical and in vitro assays to determine the oxidative capacity of ambient particles require large samples, analyses are typically done offline, and the results are not immediate.Here we report the development of an online monitor of the oxidative capacity of aerosols (o-MOCA) to provide online, time-resolved assessment of the capacity of airborne particles to generate ROS. Our approach combines the Liquid Spot Sampler (LSS), which collects particles directly into small volumes of liquid, and a chemical module optimized for online measurement of the oxidative capacity of aerosol using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. The LSS uses a three-stage, laminar-flow water condensation approach to enable the collection of particles as small as 5 nm into liquid. The DTT assay has been improved to allow the online, time-resolved analysis of samples collected with the LSS but could be adapted to other collection methods or offline analysis of liquid extracts.The o-MOCA was optimized and its performance evaluated using the 9,10-phenanthraquinone (PQ) as a standard redox-active compound. Laboratory testing shows minimum interferences or carryover between consecutive samples, low blanks, and a reproducible, linear response between the DTT consumption rate (nmol min−1) and PQ concentration (µM). The calculated limit of detection for o-MOCA was 0.15 nmol min−1. The system was validated with a diesel exhaust particle (DEP) extract, previously characterized and used for the development, improvement, and validation of the standard DTT analysis. The DTT consumption rates (nmol min−1) obtained with the o-MOCA were within experimental uncertainties of those previously reported for these DEP samples. In ambient air testing, the fully automated o-MOCA was run unattended for 3 days with 3 h time resolution and showed a diurnal and daily variability in the measured consumption rates (nmol min−1 m−3).
Trends in atmospheric evaporative demand in Great Britain using high-resolution meteorological data
Authors: Robinson Emma L. , Blyth Eleanor M. , Clark Douglas B. , Finch Jon , Rudd Alison C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Observations of climate are often available on very different spatial scales from observations of the natural environments and resources that are affected by climate change. In order to help bridge the gap between these scales using modelling, a new dataset of daily meteorological variables was created at 1 km resolution over Great Britain for the years 1961–2012, by interpolating coarser resolution climate data and including the effects of local topography. These variables were used to calculate atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) at the same spatial and temporal resolution. Two functions that represent AED were chosen: one is a standard form of potential evapotranspiration (PET) and the other is a derived PET measure used by hydrologists that includes the effect of water intercepted by the canopy (PETI). Temporal trends in these functions were calculated, with PET found to be increasing in all regions, and at an overall rate of 0.021 ± 0.021 mm day−1 decade−1 in Great Britain. PETI was found to be increasing at a rate of 0.019 ± 0.020 mm day−1 decade−1 in Great Britain, but this was not statistically significant. However, there was a trend in PETI in England of 0.023 ± 0.023 mm day−1 decade−1. The trends were found to vary by season, with spring PET increasing by 0.043 ± 0.019 mm day−1 decade−1 (0.038 ± 0.018 mm day−1 decade−1 when the interception correction is included) in Great Britain, while there is no statistically significant trend in other seasons. The trends were attributed analytically to trends in the climate variables; the overall positive trend was predominantly driven by rising air temperature, although rising specific humidity had a negative effect on the trend. Recasting the analysis in terms of relative humidity revealed that the overall effect is that falling relative humidity causes the PET to rise. Increasing downward short- and longwave radiation made an overall positive contribution to the PET trend, while decreasing wind speed made a negative contribution to the trend in PET. The trend in spring PET was particularly strong due to a strong decrease in relative humidity and increase in downward shortwave radiation in the spring.