bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INSULIN,GHRELIN, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, WHR AND BMI TO PLASMA GLUCOSE AND HbA1C AND ITS CLINICAL USEFULNESS IN T2DM PATIENTS WITH OBESITY
Authors: Selvanayagam Swaminathan , M Gandhi , R Arivazhagan , R Sangeetha 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: To evaluate new diabetic control monitoring parameters insulin, ghrelin, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and HOMA-β for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with obesity and to compare them with the existing diabetic control markers plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and to recommended these additional tests to assess complications associated with kidney, liver, cardiac, and pancreas.Methods: A total of 100 T2DM patients with obesity who attended the sugar clinic attached to Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Vanagaram and who were on standard treatment and 50 age and sex matched controls attending the routine master health check in the same hospital were enrolled for the study. Fully automated analyzers and reagents and controls were used for all assays to ensure validity of the results obtained. For insulin and ghrelin assays, established commercial kits were used and all other parameters were calculated using formulae established previously. Graphpad online calculator was used to calculate t and p values.Results: The results obtained for both controls and patients for the set of additional parameters were compared with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post prandial plasma glucose (PPPG), and HbA1c between controls, patients and controls with patients by calculating r and p values. Highly significant correlations were obtained in all comparisons.Conclusions: Very good associations (p<0.0001) were found between FPG, PPPG, and HbA1c to each of the new parameters for controls, patients and between controls and patients. These additional parameters may be done at fixed intervals of time to evaluate kidney, liver, cardiac and pancreatic complications/dysfunction in T2DM patients with obesity.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Glycosylated hemoglobin, Plasma glucose, Waist-to-hip ratio, Body mass index, Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, Homeostasis model assessment-β.
CHARACTERISATION, IN SILICO AND IN VITRO DETERMINATION OF ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTI INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SARGASSUM WIGHTII.
Authors: S Hemalatha , Begum Fazeela Mahaboob 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The current study was intended to investigate and characterize the phytoconstituents of Sargassum wightii ,evaluate its anti diabetic and anti inflammatory potential under in silico and in vitro conditions.Methods: The marine algae S.wightii was extracted with ethanol. The ethanolic extract was screened for various phytoconstituents, quantified for total flavonoid and polyphenol content. FTIR and Mass spectrometry was used for characterizing the ethanolic extract. Antidiabetic potential of the phytoconstituents was analysed by molecular docking and enzyme inhibition assays. The anti inflammatory potential was evaluated by albumin denaturation assay.Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, oils and fat present in the ethanol extract. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of α,b unsaturated ketone, alcohol and ether groups in the extract. MS analysis identified l - (+) - Ascorbic acid 2, 6 dihexadeconoate and Dotriacontyl isopropyl ether in the ethanolic extract. The molecular docking studies revealed that l - (+) - Ascorbic acid 2, 6 dihexadeconoate interacted with both α amylase and α glucosidase with a consensus score of 5.The results of in vitro analysis showed that the ethanolic extract exhibited strong inhibitory activity on α amylase (IC 50 8mg/ml) and α glucosidase (IC 50 6mg/ml) respectively. The ethanolic extract also inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end products (IC 50 10mg/ml).Further the ethanolic extract inhibited the denaturation of albumin (IC 50 2.5 mg/ml) there by revealing the anti inflammatory potential of S.wightii.Conclusion: Hence it can be concluded that S.wightii possess anti diabetic and anti inflammatory potential which may be due to the presence of l - (+) - Ascorbic acid 2, 6 dihexadeconoate and flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, oils and fat present in the extract.Key words: Sargassum wightii, α amylase, α glucosidase, advanced glycation end products, molecular docking.
KAEMPFEROL FROM STELECHOCARPUS BURAHOL, (BL.) HOOK F. & TH. LEAVES AND XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITION ACTIVTY
Authors: K Diniatik , Pramono Uwijiyo , Riyanto Sugeng 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Stelechocarpus burahol, (Bl.) Hook f. & Th. is a plant widely distributed in Java Island of Indonesia. The aim of this study is to identify compounds from the leaves of S. burahol that exhibited activity as xanthine oxidase inhibitor.Methods: The leaves were extracted with aqueous ethanol and hidrolized with HCl methanol, then partitioned sequentially with chloroform and ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate fractions were separated by coloumn chromatography with cellulose as stationary phase and methanol 50% as mobile phase.Results: Purification from this extracts afforded three compounds with one compound identified, namely Kaempferol. The four compounds possessed as xanthine oxidase inhibitor with IC50 values ranging from 0.27 to 0.45 μg/ml.Conclusion:Kaempferol exhibited the highest inhibition of 0.27 μg/ml.Keywords: Kaempferol, Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor, Stelechocarpus burahol, (Bl.) Hook f. & Th.
INSILICO DRUG DESIGN AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF NOVEL COUMARIN DERIVATIVES AS ANTI-CANCER AGENTS
Authors: Mehta Simpi , Pathak Seema R 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Cancer is the major worldwide problem. It arises due to uncontrolled growth of cells. In the present study a series of novel coumarin derivatives were designed and computationallyoptimized to investigate the interaction between designed ligands and 10 pdb files of five selected proteins. The objective here was to analyse in silico anticancerous activity of designed ligands to reduce cost and time for getting novel anticancerous drug with minimum side effects.Methods: Docking studies were performed to find outmaximum interaction between designed ligands and selected five proteins using Schrondinger software Maestro. Capecitabin has been used as reference compound. Structures of selected proteins were downloaded from protein data bank.Results: All the designed ligands showed mild to excellent binding with proteins.Most of the ligands exhibited better interaction compared to reference compoundcapacitabin with all pdb files. Some of designed ligands amongst (1-7) showed excellent docking score with all pdb files(2v5z, 2v60, 2v61) ofAmine oxidase. Conclusion: All the designed ligands were docked with ten pdb files of five different proteins and it was found that out of seven designed ligand, ligand 4 showed best binding (docking score -10.139 ) with pdb 2v5z of protein Amine oxidase. Docked ligand cavity of ligand 4 showed important hydrophobic/non polar residues such asIle199,Ile316,Trp119,Phe168,Ile198,Cys172,Tyr188,Tyr398,Tyr435,Phe343,Tyr60,Leu328,Leu171 and showed pi-pi interaction with Tyr326.Further wet lab studies are continued in our laboratory to confirm and find out efficiency and activity of target compounds.Keywords: Docking, Mono Amine Oxidase, Coumarin derivatives, Anticancerous activity, binding energy, Ramachandran Plot, Hydrophobic residue.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY (CHEMO SHOCK) OF N-1(SUBSTITUTED-N-4[(4-OXO-3-PHENYL-3, 4-DIHYDRO-QUINAZOLINE-2-YLMETHYL) SEMICARBAZONES
Authors: Yadav Meena K , Tripathi Laxmi , Goswami Diptendu 
Published: April 2017

Objective: This work is designed at finding new structure leads with potential anticonvulsant activities of 4(3H)-quinazolinone pharmacophore scaffold.Methods: A new series of 4(3H)-quinazolinone pharmacophore was designed with substituted moieties possesses different electronic environment in the hope of developing potent and safe new effective compounds. In such fashion, in this paper, we report the synthesis and anticonvulsant activity (Chemo shock) of N-1(substituted-N-4[(4-oxo-3-phenyl-3, 4-dihydro-quinazoline-2-ylmethyl) semicarbazones 3A-d (1-7), 3B-d (1-7), 3C-d (1-7), their chemical structure were characterized using IR, H-H NMR, and elemental analysis techniques. Their anticonvulsant activity was evaluated using chemicals strychnine, thiosemicarbazide and 4-aminopyridine induced seizure models at a dose of 30, 100, 300 mg/kg unto 2 hrs tests in mice. The rotarod assay was performed in mice to evaluate the neurotoxicity of the compounds. 1Results: Compounds 3C (d-4), 3B (d-4), and 3A (d-4) were observed to be most feasible to act against glutamate receptor for anticonvulsant activity.Conclusions: The results obtained revealed that numbers of novel quinazolinone semicarbazone derivatives are effective in chemical to induce (chemo shock) model and showing good anticonvulsant activity.Keywords: Quinazolinone, Semicarbazones, Strychnine, Thiosemicarbazide, 4-aminopyridine, Anticonvulsant activity, Chemo shock.
EVALUATION OF IN VITRO- ANTI-OXIDANT POTENTIAL OF AQUEOUS ROOT EXTRACT OF CLERODENDRUM SERRATUM L.
Authors: Tiwari Raj Kumar , Malairaman Udayabanu , Chanda Silpi 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The intent of this report was to investigate the effect of aqueous root extract of Clerodendrum serratum L. for antioxidant activity using divergent models viz. DPPH scavenging assay, Superoxide scavenging assay and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay.Materials and Methods: The root of C. serratum was extracted using water. The yield of aqueous extract was 10%w/w. The outcome was examined statistically by the regression method.Results and discussions: The IC50 values are 85.43 µg/ml and 107.59 µg/ml for DPPH radical scavenging and Superoxide scavenging assay respectively whereas FRAP showed significant reducing power activity with increased concentration of sample. The pilot study showed, a significant correlation existed between concentrations of the extract and percentage engrossment of free radicals.Conclusion: The antioxidant property may be corresponding to the polyphenols and flavonoids adjacent in the extract. These results clearly revealed that C. serratum might be effective against diseases analogous with free radical mediated. Keywords Clerodendrum serratum, DPPH, Superoxide, FRAP, Rutin, Antioxidant
COLONIZATION AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE DYNAMICS OF PATIENTS AT INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU)-OUR EXPERIENCE
Authors: Sahu Mahesh Chandra , Behera Ishwar Chandra , Swain Santosh Kumar 
Published: April 2017

introduction: Multidrug resistant strains are developed day by day due to empirical therapy in intensive care unit (ICU). Both gram positive and gram negative strains are found in ICU are drug resistant bacteria. In this study, the prevalence of drug resistance bacteria in ICU were determined.Materials and Methods: The clinical samples; ascitic fluid, blood, central line tip, ET aspiration pleural fluid, pus from liver abscess, sputum, tracheal aspiration, urine and wound swabs were collected from ICU patients and cultured in specific medium. Subsequently antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolated bacteria were carried out with disc diffusion methods.Results: A total number of 794 clinical samples were cultured in specific medium and it revealed 191 of single colonies, 145 were double colonies and 87 were 3 or multy-colonies. A total of 963 bacteria were isolated among them 180 were gram positive bacteria, BYC were 135 and rest were gram negative bacteria. There was no significantly difference in growth of microorganisms with respect to clinical samples as t test revealed P= 0.87. Among the gram negative bacteria; Klebsiela pneumonia were predominant and Proteous mirabilis was lowest. Tigecycline and colistin were most effective antibiotics agonist all bacteria. Conclusions: Urine samples of the patient’s revealed higher number of organisms where as pus from liver abscess found only one number of growths. The antibiotic stewardship programs must lead to significant decrease in all antibiotic used in the ICU setting. However, this result may be required further work to determine the fruitful necessary for success.Key words: Antibiotics, Intensive Care Unit, Bacterial infections, Drug resistance.
An alternative Diagnostic design for Chronic Kidney Disease detection Based on Cystatin C
Authors: Datta Manali , Stephen Bjorn John , Desai Dignya 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is usually diagnosed by measuring the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and diagnostics are still inadequate at the clinical level. Most of the diagnostic kits available estimate GFR rate by determining clearance of serum creatinine using various instrumentation generally available at hospitals. Serum creatinine is considered the major marker for renal deficiency disorders. Additionally, it is also an indicator of muscle mass and dietary intake. Hence, the need for a more reliable marker for CKD arises. A low molecular weight protein cystatin C has been found to be a reliable biomarker for detection of kidney function as it is solely filtered by the glomerulus and not secreted by renal tubules.Method: The basic set up of the kit was designed using a syringe containing multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) conjugated protease. Casein beads were immersed in PBS buffer in the syringe. The Glass/MWCNT/papain solid support was subsequently inserted into the syringe in such a way, that the beads came in contact with the immobilized enzyme conjugate. The inhibitory action of cystatin C against protease forms the basis for the functioning of the kitResults: Results indicated that papain while immobilization needs to be in dynamic conformation. At 37 C gave better activity as compared to protein immobilized at 4C. FTIR observations confirmed the physical adsorption on the MWCNTs. The experimentation confirmed the feasibility of using prototype for detection of cystatin C.Discussion: Papain conjugated with MWCNT indicated its temperature and pH stability. The initial design of the diagnostic kit for the detection of CKD has shown to be successful with a good detection range corresponding to stage I and II of CKD. Further testing needs to be done for the prototype using patient samples.Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Diagnostic kit, Immobilized papain, Protease inhibitor.
ASSESSMENT OF DNA STRAND BREAKS AND TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT COMPLICATIONS- A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Nithya K , W Isabel , T Angeline , As Priscilla , Aj Asirvatham 
Published: April 2017

Objective: To evaluate the total antioxidant status (TAS) and the extent of DNA strand breaks (damage) as a measure of oxidative stress biomarkers in Type 2 diabetic patients (with and without complications) and controls.Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=100 with complications and n=100 without complications) and 100 healthy individuals. Oxidative DNA damage was evaluated using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Total antioxidant status was assessed by Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) assay.Results: TAS was found to be significantly lower in type 2 diabetic patients (with and without complications) compared to controls (p< 0.001). Similarly, patients with complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus had significantly lower TAS when compared to diabetic patients (p= 0.007). DNA damage analysis showed that the extent of damage was high in patients with diabetes mellitus (with and without complications) compared to controls (p< 0.001). Fasting glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin level (HbA1c) was found to be significantly higherin diabetic patients than controls (p< 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there is no association between age, duration, sugar level, HbA1c, TAS and DNA damage in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: Alterations in TAS and the extent of DNA damage was observed in patients with complications of diabetes mellitus indicate that oxidative stress is more in patients with complications when compared to patients without complications and healthy individuals. Therefore, further DNA damage and onset of complications in Type 2 diabetes mellitus could be prevented by counteracting the oxidative stress by therapeutic interventions using appropriate antioxidants.Key words: Hyperglycemia, Oxidative stress, DNA damage, Total antioxidant status, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Vascular complication
UNRAVELLING DIABETIC RETINOPATHY THROUGH IMAGE PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC – A REVIEW
Authors: A Srinivasan , S Sudha 
Published: April 2017

One of the main causes of blindness is diabetic retinopathy (DR) and it may affect people of any ages. In these days, both young and old ages are affected by diabetes, and the di abetes is the main cause of DR. Hence, it is necessary to have an automated system with good accuracy and less computation time to diagnose and treat DR, and the automated system can simplify the work of ophthalmologists. The objective is to present an overview of various works recently in detecting and segmenting the various lesions of DR. Papers were categorized based on the diagnosing tools and the methods used for detecting early and advanced stage lesions. The early lesions of DR are microaneurysms, hemorrhages, exudates, and cotton wool spots and in the advanced stage, new and fragile blood vessels can be grown. Results have been evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and receiver operating characteristic curve. This paper analyzed the various steps and different algorithms used recently for the detection and classification of DR lesions. A comparison of performances has been made in terms of sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve, and accuracy. Suggestions, future workand the area to be improved were also discussed.Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Image processing, Morphological operations, Neural network, Fuzzy logic.
SYNTHESIS, IN SILICO PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME PYRAZOLINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Pj Jainey , K Ishwar Bhat 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: Nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds plays an important role in medicinal chemistry. Among them, five-membered ring pyrazolines have found to possess many biological and pharmacological activities like anticancer, antitubercular, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory etc. Objective is to determine the physicochemical and drug like properties of the synthesized pyrazolines by in silico methods and to screen their antidiabetic and antioxidant activities.Methods: Chalcones were synthesized from naphthaldehydes by condensing with various substituted acetophenones in ethanol and cyclized into pyrazolines using semicarbazides/thiosemicarbazides by conventional and microwave oven synthesis. The physicochemical and drug like properties were determined by using computational tools. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated by alpha amylase inhibition assay method. Antioxidant activity studies were done by DPPH and nitric oxide method.Results: Pyrazolines were synthesized from chalcones. Microwave irradiated synthesis of chalcone was carried out to get higher yield with less reaction time period as compared to conventional method. The synthesized pyrazolines produces yield around 68% (conventional) and 85% (microwave). In silico studies showed considerable values satisfying all the parameters of physicochemical and Lipinski’s rule of five properties. Among the compounds tested for antidiabetic and antioxidant studies, some showed promising activity.Conclusion: Physiochemical and drug like properties revealed that these compounds have good bioavailability and druglikeness properties. So these compounds are found to be interesting lead molecules for further synthesis as antidiabetic and antioxidant agents.Keywords: Chalcones, pyrazolines, in silico physicochemical properties, biological activities.
Single dose Intraoperative Antibiotics versus Postoperative Antibiotics for Patient Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Symptomatic Cholelithiasis
Authors: Thapa Sagun Bahadur , Kher Yashwant Ramakrishan , Tambay Yashwant Gajanan 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Surgical site infection is a common complication shown in literature following cholecystectomies. Smaller incision and use of trocars in laparoscopic cholecystectomy lessen the contamination resulting in less chances of surgical site infection. However, in fear of postoperative infection, many opt for the prolonged postoperative use of antibiotic and there is growing consensus against it. Antibiotics not only increases the cost and hospital stay duration but it aids in emergence of multidrug resistance. Because of the controversies, we conducted this clinical trial to see whether a single prophylactic dose of antibiotic at the time of induction of anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy was equally effective in controlling post-operative infection as multi-dose antibiotics during and post-operative period.

Methods: The study was conducted at the department of general surgery, Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital, from November 2015 to October 2016. All cases with symptomatic cholelithiasis subjected for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled. Patients were randomized into two groups; Group SD received single dose of an intravenous dose of amikacin 500 mg, at induction of anesthesia and Group MD received multiple intravenous dose of amikacin, during and postoperatively for two days. Complications, hospital stay, and treatment cost in two groups were compared and analyzed.

Results: There were a total of 240 patients in the study, 118 in Group SD and 122 in Group MD. Post-operative infection rate was 4.2% (n= 5, N=118) in Group SD and 3.3% (n=4, N=122) in Group MD; the difference was not significant (p=0.75). Hospital stay was prolonged and cost was higher significantly in Group MD.

Conclusion: Single dose of prophylactic antibiotic, administered at induction of anesthesia, is equally effective as multiple doses of post surgical antibiotics to prevent post-operative infection in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for uncomplicated cholelithiasis.
Aproximación general a la acción de extinción del dominio en Colombia
Authors: Torres Jenner Alonso Tobar 
Published: April 2017

Colombia ha sido un país inmerso en una constante y tenaz lucha para superar un estado de violencia endémico generado por numerosos actores, entre ellos el narcotráfico y el enriquecimiento ilícito. Con el propósito de hacer frente a estos problemas, el constituyente colombiano consagró la figura de la extinción de dominio como herramienta jurídica de lucha contra el enriquecimiento ilícito, así como la violencia y pobreza que dicho fenómeno trae consigo.26 años después, la acción de extinción de dominio es uno de los principales instrumentos del Estado para enfrentar el enriquecimiento ilícito, pero su desarrollo social y jurídico no ha sido pacífico ni totalmente efectivo. El presente artículo aborda las características generales de esta figura, exponiendo sus críticas y ventajas, y sus perspectivas de efectiva aplicación en Colombia.