bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análise envoltória de dados para avaliação da eficiência financeira dos cursos de graduação de uma IES comunitária
Authors: Ritta Cleyton de Oliveira , Sorato Kátia Aurora Dalla Líbera , Hein Nelson 
Published: July 2017

O objetivo geral da pesquisa é avaliar a eficiência financeira dos cursos de graduação de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) comunitária. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva, do tipo estudo de caso com abordagem quantitativa por meio da modelagem matemática de Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que 7 cursos são eficientes (50,00%) e 7 cursos são considerados ineficientes (50,00%). A técnica DEA revela que para buscar a eficiência financeira, os cursos ineficientes necessitam aumentar receitas e diminuir despesas administrativas e outras despesas operacionais. Diante dos resultados, conclui-se que as ações gerenciais indicadas pela DEA requerem uma reflexão crítica por parte dos gestores. A primeira ação, que envolve a possibilidade de aumento de receitas, está vinculada, principalmente, às condições de infraestrutura universitária disponível e aos fatores socioeconômicos da região e de potenciais alunos; além da observância dos preços praticados por cursos concorrentes. A segunda ação, relativa aos gastos operacionais, cabe uma discussão sobre a efetiva necessidade de realização da despesa e sobre o desenvolvimento de políticas gerencias que aumentem o controle de gastos para evitar desperdícios, abusos e excessos de consumo sem justificativas cabíveis.
Shattering the Myth of a Post-Racial Consensus in South African Higher Education: “Rhodes Must Fall” and the Struggle for Transformation at the University of Cape Town
Authors: Mangcu Xolela 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This article argues that the University of Cape Town's decision to downgrade the relevance of race in student admissions set off a series of events and discourses that culminated in the “Rhodes Must Fall” protest movement. While the protest movement was ostensibly about the removal of Cecil John Rhodes's statue from the grounds of the university grounds, the campaign galvanized other sectors of the Black community on campus to demand transformation of the curriculum and the hiring of Black professors. The ensuing racial fault lines among students, members of staff, and the administration debunked the notion that class mattered more than race in South African politics. This article argues for an approach that views race as a set of historical experiences that should be reflected in the curriculum and the hiring of more Black professors at UCT and other predominantly white universities.
“Whole masses of uncharted territory”: Metaphors, Internal Spatiality, and Racialized Relationships in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Authors: Steyn Melissa , Tsekwa Jennie , McEwen Haley 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Less than thirty years ago, South Africa still had laws strictly prohibiting “interracial” intimacy. In this study, participants shared stories of living in Cape Town with a partner of a different “race” and invoked spatial metaphors, of boundaries and border crossing, describing their experiences in cartographical, “landscaped” language. This article reflects on how these metaphors relate to deeper social dynamics that shape the lives of those in “race”—trangressing relationships, and their own sense of agency in managing the correlative inner landscape. We suggest that these relationships are symbolic sites where society performs processes of ongoing racialization.
Analysis of Compression Ratio of Various Randomly Generated Images of Same Size
Authors: Prince Tanvir 
Published: July 2017

Various randomly generated images of size are created and compressed using the standard TIF compression and their compression ratio are analyzed. TIF compression is used to preserve the original file size. This method is applied for various values of and. The study of randomized picture in the literature is very rare and this current paper is aimed to fill up that gap.
Engine Manifold Wave Action under Variable Stroke Length
Authors: Yamin Jehad Ahmad 
Published: July 2017

A theoretical investigation on the pressure wave action of the manifolds of a four-stroke, direct injection (hereinafter referred to as DI), water-cooled, 4-stroke, diesel engine with variable stroke length was carried out. The study was conducted over wide range of speeds (1000 - 3000 RPM at an increment of 500 RPM) and stroke lengths (130 mm to 210 mm at an increment of 20mm). The compression ratio was kept constant by adjusting the piston bowl volume. The study showed that shorter stroke lengths created favorable pressure waves in both inlet and exhaust manifolds at lower speeds, which resulted in improved engine volumetric and thermal efficiencies. At higher speeds, the larger strokes were favorable, however, due to less time available for the suction and exhaust strokes to be executed, the efficiencies were low. Advancing valve timing was one factor that improved the engine performance with larger stroke lengths.
Physiological epicotyl dormancy and its alleviation in seeds ofYunnanopilia longistaminea: the first report of physiological epicotyl dormancy in China
Authors: Yang Guan-song , Yang Liu , Wang Yue-hua , Shen Shi-kang 
Published: July 2017

Yunnanopilia longistamineais an endangered monotypic species belonging to Opiliaceae. This edible plant is an important germplasm source with a high economic value in China if propagation were less difficult. Seed dormancy and germination of this species were investigated to improve propagation. Considering seeds have a fully developed embryo and mature and are dispersed in summer, and radicles and epicotyls emerge the following autumn and next spring, respectively, we hypothesized thatY. longistamineaseeds may undergo physiological epicotyl dormancy. Seed moisture content and viability decreased as dehydration occurred. Thus, the seeds may be recalcitrant. The seed germination of this species involves two stages: radicle emergence and epicotyl (shoot) emergence. The optimum temperature was 28 °C and 28 °C/20 °C to radicle emergence. The optimum GA3solution for the seeds undergoing shoot emergence was 100 mg L−1. The percentages of shoot emergence in seven and 14 days stratification at 5 °C were slightly higher than those in other groups. This study is the first to describe physiological epicotyl dormancy inY. longistamineaseeds. Under natural conditions, seeds are subjected toY. longistamineaa autumn → winter → spring temperature. Warm moist conditions and cold stratification can improve radicle emergence and alleviate epicotyl dormancy, respectively. The duration of cold stratification also significantly affects the epicotyl dormancy release ofY. longistaminea. Optimal dormancy breakage methods are warm (28 °C/20 °C) → cold (5 °C) → GA3(100 mg L−1) → warm (28 °C/20 °C).
Kontrol Optimal pada Model Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) dengan Inisiatif Tim Penjualan
Authors: Al Fauzi Abdul Latif , Darti Isnani , Suryanto Agus 
Published: July 2017

Pengendalian tingkat persediaan stok suatu produk/barang merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang penting dalam kelancaran penjualan, yang juga berakibat pada keuntungan yang akan diperoleh dari penjualan suatu produk/barang. Model Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) merupakan salah satu model persediaan barang yang sering digunakan untuk pengendalian persedian barang. Pada artikel ini dibahas kontrol optimal pada model EOQ dengan inisiatif tim penjualan tidak hanya pada saat kondisi setimbang saja, tetapi kontrol optimal dengan usaha tim penjualan pada setiap saat. Strategi kontrol optimal dilakukan dengan meminimumkan biaya persediaan, biaya pembelian, biaya penjualan dan biaya usaha tim penjualan. Masalah kontrol optimal diselesaikan menggunakan prinsip maksimum Pontryagin. Solusi optimal yang diperoleh disimulasikan secara numerik menggunakan metode Sweep Maju-Mundur. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi numerik dapat diketahui bahwa semakin besar koefisien tingkat permintaan barang, maka proses persediaan barang akan lebih cepat berkurang. Selain itu semakin besar usaha tim penjualan, maka proses persediaan barang akan lebih sedikit bahkan lebih cepat habis.
Global evaluation of particulate organic carbon flux parameterizations and implications for atmospheric pCO2
Authors: Gloege Lucas , McKinley Galen A. , Mouw Colleen B. , Ciochetto Audrey B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe shunt of photosynthetically derived particulate organic carbon (POC) from the euphotic zone and deep remineralization comprises the basic mechanism of the “biological carbon pump.” POC raining through the “twilight zone” (euphotic depth to 1 km) and “midnight zone” (1 km to 4 km) is remineralized back to inorganic form through respiration. Accurately modeling POC flux is critical for understanding the “biological pump” and its impacts on air‐sea CO2 exchange and, ultimately, long‐term ocean carbon sequestration. Yet commonly used parameterizations have not been tested quantitatively against global data sets using identical modeling frameworks. Here we use a single one‐dimensional physical‐biogeochemical modeling framework to assess three common POC flux parameterizations in capturing POC flux observations from moored sediment traps and thorium‐234 depletion. The exponential decay, Martin curve, and ballast model are compared to data from 11 biogeochemical provinces distributed across the globe. In each province, the model captures satellite‐based estimates of surface primary production within uncertainties. Goodness of fit is measured by how well the simulation captures the observations, quantified by bias and the root‐mean‐square error and displayed using “target diagrams.” Comparisons are presented separately for the twilight zone and midnight zone. We find that the ballast hypothesis shows no improvement over a globally or regionally parameterized Martin curve. For all provinces taken together, Martin's b that best fits the data is [0.70, 0.98]; this finding reduces by at least a factor of 3 previous estimates of potential impacts on atmospheric pCO2 of uncertainty in POC export to a more modest range [−16 ppm, +12 ppm].
Snow accumulation variability on a West Antarctic ice stream observed with GPS reflectometry, 2007–2017
Authors: Siegfried M. R. , Medley B. , Larson K. M. , Fricker H. A. , Tulaczyk S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLand ice loss from Antarctica is a significant and accelerating contribution to global sea level rise; however, Antarctic mass balance estimates are complicated by insufficient knowledge of surface mass balance processes such as snow accumulation. Snow accumulation is challenging to observe on a continental scale and in situ data are sparse, so we largely rely on estimates from atmospheric models. Here we employ a novel technique, GPS interferometric reflectometry (GPS‐IR), to measure upper (<2 m) firn column thickness changes across a 23‐station GPS array in West Antarctica. We compare the results with antenna heights measured in situ to establish the method's daily uncertainty (0.06 m) and with output from two atmospheric reanalysis products to categorize spatial and temporal variability of net snow accumulation. GPS‐IR is an effective technique for monitoring surface mass balance processes that can be applied to both historic GPS data sets and future experiments to provide critical in situ observations of processes driving surface height evolution.
Direct observation of generation and propagation of magnetosonic waves following substorm injection
Authors: Su Zhenpeng , Wang Geng , Liu Nigang , Zheng Huinan , Wang Yuming , Wang Shui 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMagnetosonic whistler mode waves play an important role in the radiation belt electron dynamics. Previous theory has suggested that these waves are excited by the ring distributions of hot protons and can propagate radially and azimuthally over a broad spatial range. However, because of the challenging requirements on satellite locations and data processing techniques, this theory was difficult to validate directly. Here we present some experimental tests of the theory on the basis of Van Allen Probes observations of magnetosonic waves following substorm injections. At higher L shells with significant substorm injections, the discrete magnetosonic emission lines started approximately at the proton gyrofrequency harmonics, qualitatively consistent with the prediction of linear proton Bernstein mode instability. In the frequency‐time spectrograms, these emission lines exhibited a clear rising tone characteristic with a long duration of 15–25 min, implying the additional contribution of other undiscovered mechanisms. Nearly at the same time, the magnetosonic waves arose at lower L shells without substorm injections. The wave signals at two different locations, separated by ΔL up to 2.0 and by ΔMLT up to 4.2, displayed the consistent frequency‐time structures, strongly supporting the hypothesis about the radial and azimuthal propagation of magnetosonic waves.
The tails of the satellite auroral footprints at Jupiter
Authors: Bonfond B. , Saur J. , Grodent D. , Badman S. V. , Bisikalo D. , Shematovich V. , Gérard J.‐C. , Radioti A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe electromagnetic interaction between Io, Europa, and Ganymede and the rotating plasma that surrounds Jupiter has a signature in the aurora of the planet. This signature, called the satellite footprint, takes the form of a series of spots located slightly downstream of the feet of the field lines passing through the moon under consideration. In the case of Io, these spots are also followed by an extended tail in the downstream direction relative to the plasma flow encountering the moon. A few examples of a tail for the Europa footprint have also been reported in the northern hemisphere. Here we present a simplified Alfvénic model for footprint tails and simulations of vertical brightness profiles for various electron distributions, which favor such a model over quasi‐static models. We also report here additional cases of Europa footprint tails, in both hemispheres, even though such detections are rare and difficult. Furthermore, we show that the Ganymede footprint can also be followed by a similar tail. Finally, we present a case of a 320° long Io footprint tail, while other cases in similar configurations do not display such a length.
Molybdenum Incorporation Induced Enhancement in the Mechanical Properties of Gallium Oxide Films
Authors: Battu Anil K. , Manandhar Sandeep , Ramana Chintalapalle V. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn approach to design Ga2O3‐based nanomaterials with tunable mechanical properties is presented. In the molybdenum (Mo) incorporated Ga2O3 model system, where Mo content (x) is varied up to ≈11 at%, Mo‐incorporation induced effects are significant on the structural and mechanical properties. Single‐phase β‐Ga2O3 formation occurs for lower Mo content (≤4 at%); however, higher Mo content induces the crystalline‐to‐amorphous structural transformation. Mechanical characterization reveals that the hardness of the Ga–Mo–O nanocrystalline films increases for Mo ≤ 10 at%, at which point hardness decreases due to Mo‐induced structural transformation. However, the elastic modulus of Ga–Mo–O decreases continuously with Mo incorporation. The Ga–Mo–O exhibits maximum H (≈36 GPa) for 10 at% Mo, where Mo‐incorporation induces enhancement in hardness as well as plasticity index parameter. Based on the results, a structure–composition–mechanical property correlation in Ga–Mo–O films is established.
Realizing Negative Differential Resistance/Switching Phenomena in Zigzag GaN Nanoribbons by Edge Fluorination: A DFT Investigation
Authors: Inge Shashank V. , Jaiswal Neeraj K. , Kondekar Pravin N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGallium nitride (GaN) is a commonly used material for the high power electronic devices. Its 2D analog (layered GaN) can be a promising material in low power applications due to its flexible bandgap. This study investigates the structural stability, electronic and transport properties of zigzag edged GaN nanoribbons (ZGaNNRs), considering various edge passivations to gauge its potential for beyond silicon electronic devices. Present density functional theory based calculations reveal that metallic/semiconducting nature can be obtained in ZGaNNRs via controlled edge fluorination. Interestingly, F passivated ZGaNNRs are found to be most stable, making them preferable for practical applications. The proposed two terminal device exhibits a negative differential resistance behavior/switching characteristic with sufficiently large peak to valley current ratio/threshold voltage on the order of 102–1014/2.8–3.6 V which is a function of selective edge passivation. Present results can find practical applications in oscillators, memory circuits, and fast switching devices.
Size Dependence of Doping by a Vacancy Formation Reaction in Copper Sulfide Nanocrystals
Authors: Elimelech Orian , Liu Jing , Plonka Anna M. , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Banin Uri 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDoping of nanocrystals (NCs) is a key, yet underexplored, approach for tuning of the electronic properties of semiconductors. An important route for doping of NCs is by vacancy formation. The size and concentration dependence of doping was studied in copper(I) sulfide (Cu2S) NCs through a redox reaction with iodine molecules (I2), which formed vacancies accompanied by a localized surface plasmon response. X‐ray spectroscopy and diffraction reveal transformation from Cu2S to Cu‐depleted phases, along with CuI formation. Greater reaction efficiency was observed for larger NCs. This behavior is attributed to interplay of the vacancy formation energy, which decreases for smaller sized NCs, and the growth of CuI on the NC surface, which is favored on well‐defined facets of larger NCs. This doping process allows tuning of the plasmonic properties of a semiconductor across a wide range of plasmonic frequencies by varying the size of NCs and the concentration of iodine. Controlled vacancy doping of NCs may be used to tune and tailor semiconductors for use in optoelectronic applications.
Stereospecific 1,3‐Aminobromination of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes
Authors: Das Saikat , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSn(OTf)2‐catalyzed 1,3‐aminobromination of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with various sulfonyl amides or electron‐poor anilines and N‐bromosuccinimide is reported. These experimentally straightforward reactions occurred with complete regio‐ and stereospecificity (for anilines) to give γ‐aminated α‐brominated malonic diesters in good to excellent yields (up to 98 %). These compounds served as valuable substrates for subsequent reactions to provide substituted azetidines and γ‐lactams in high yields.
How Understanding the Role of an Additive Can Lead to an Improved Synthetic Protocol without an Additive: Organocatalytic Synthesis of Chiral Diarylmethyl Alkynes
Authors: Chen Min , Sun Jianwei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe use of additives for organic synthesis has become a common tactic to improve the outcome of organic reactions. Herein, by using an organocatalytic process for the synthesis of chiral diarylmethyl alkynes as a platform, we describe how an additive is involved in the improvement of the process. The evolution of an excellent synthetic protocol has been achieved in three stages, from 1) initially no catalyst turnover, to 2) good conversion and enantioselectivity with a superior additive, and eventually 3) even better efficiency and selectivity without an additive. This study is an important and rare demonstration that understanding the role of additive can be so beneficial as to obviate the need for the additive.
Fluorinative Rearrangements of Substituted Phenylallenes Mediated by (Difluoroiodo)toluene: Synthesis of α‐(Difluoromethyl)styrenes
Authors: Zhao Zhensheng , Racicot Léanne , Murphy Graham K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPhenylallenes undergo fluorinative rearrangement upon the action of (difluoroiodo)toluene in the presence of 20 mol % BF3⋅OEt2 to yield α‐difluoromethyl styrenes. This unprecedented reaction was entirely chemoselective for the internal allene π bond, and showed remarkable regioselectivity during the fluorination event. Substituted phenylallenes, phenylallenes possessing both phenyl‐ and α‐allenyl substituents, and diphenylallenes were investigated, and good functional‐group compatibility was observed throughout. The ease with which allenes can be prepared on a large scale, and the operational simplicity of this reaction allowed us to rapidly access fluorine‐containing building blocks that have not been accessed by conventional deoxyfluorination strategies.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Acyclic α‐Quaternary Carboxylic Acid Derivatives through Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation
Authors: Shockley Samantha E. , Hethcox J. Caleb , Stoltz Brian M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe first highly enantioselective iridium‐catalyzed allylic alkylation that provides access to products bearing an allylic all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center has been developed. The reaction utilizes a masked acyl cyanide (MAC) reagent, which enables the one‐pot preparation of α‐quaternary carboxylic acids, esters, and amides with a high degree of enantioselectivity. The utility of these products is further explored through a series of diverse product transformations.
Control of Redox Events by Dye Encapsulation Applied to Light‐Driven Splitting of Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Jing Xu , Yang Yang , He Cheng , Chang Zhiduo , Reek Joost N. H. , Duan Chunying 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSolar production of hydrogen by consuming low‐value waste products is an attractive pathway that has both economic and environmental benefits. Inspired by the reactive pocket of enzymes, a synthetic platform to combine photocatalytic hydrogen evolution with sulfide oxidation in a one‐pot process via control over the location of the electron‐transfer steps is developed. The redox‐active coordination vessel Ni‐TFT, which has an octahedral pocket, encapsulates an organic dye to pre‐organize for photocatalytic proton reduction via an oxidative quenching pathway using the nickel corners as catalysts, generating molecular hydrogen and the oxidized dye. The oxidized dye is displaced by a neutral dye and oxidizes sulfide once outside the pocket to give element sulfur. The overall reaction constitutes hydrogen sulfide splitting, forming molecular hydrogen and elemental sulfur, which is analogous to the water‐splitting reaction.
Application of artificial neural network‐based generic model control to multivariable processes
Authors: Kamesh Reddi , Rani K. Yamuna 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe present study focuses on the application of a purely data‐driven artificial neural network (ANN)‐based generic model controller (GMC) for multiple‐input and multiple‐output systems with relative degree one or more. The approach is based on development of an ANN model relating the time‐derivatives of the outputs of the order equal to their relative degree with the past measured values of input and output variables and formulation of a constrained optimization problem to satisfy GMC performance objectives. Two variants of a multivariable semi‐batch reactor (SBR) control problem for esterification reaction of maleic anhydride with hexanol to form hexylmonoester of maleic acid are considered without and with consideration of coolant dynamics (SBR1 and SBR2, respectively). Hexanol concentration and reactor temperature are considered as the outputs, and the coolant and feed flow rates are considered as the manipulated inputs. The present study illustrates that the proposed multivariable ANN‐based GMC exhibits setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection performance similar to the exact model‐based GMC for both the reactors, and the ANN‐based GMC input profiles are smoother and closer to the nominal input profiles compared with GMC controller, although no process information is used other than the output measurements in the proposed approach. © 2017 Curtin University and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.