bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Program Studi Kimia, MIPA, Fakultas Sains dan Teknik, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Authors: Chasani Mochamad , Budi Fitriaji Ruli , Purwati Purwati 
Published: February 2017

Ketapang (Terminalia catappa Linn.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan anggota famili Combretaceae. Hasil uji senyawa metabolit sekunder pada kulit batang ketapang diketahui mengandung flavonoid, terpenoid, polifenol, steroid dan saponin. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menemukan fraksi ekstrak dari kulit batang ketapang yang memiliki toksisitas tertinggi terhadap larva udang Artemia salina Leach dengan menggunakan metode BSLT serta mengidentifikasi senyawa metabolit sekundernya.Kulit batang ketapang diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Ekstrak metanol yang diperoleh diekstraksi cair-cair dengan pelarut n-heksana, dan etil asetat. Ekstrak metanol (EM), fraksi n-heksana ekstrak metanol (FH), fraksi etil asetat ekstrak metanol (FE), dan residu etil asetat ekstrak metanol (FR) diuji toksisitasnya. Fraksi ekstrak dengan toksisitas tertinggi diuji kandungan senyawa metabolit sekundernya menggunakan pereaksi warna pada plat KLT.Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa EM, FH, FE, dan FR bersifat toksik terhadap larva udang Artemia salina Leach dan FE bersifat paling toksik dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 61,675 ppm. Hasil uji metabolit sekunder menunjukkan FE mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid, fenolat, terpenoid, dan saponin.
IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI TERAKTIF DAUN PACAR KUKU (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherischia coli
Authors: Handayani Nestri , Fitriana Aprilia , Suci Handayani Desi 
Published: February 2017

Telah dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri fraksi teraktif daun pacar kuku (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) terhadap bakteriStaphylococcus aureusdan Escherichia coli. Fraksi teraktif diperoleh dari hasil pemisahan kromatografi vacum cair (KVC) ekstrak etanol daun pacar kuku (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) yang telah melalui tahap maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Proses KVC dilakukan dengan menggunakan tiga eluen yaitu n-heksan, etil asetat, dan etanol. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar. Komponen kimia dalam fraksi teraktif diidentifikasi melalui skrining fitokimia dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dan kromatografi gas-spektrometer massa (GC-MS).Uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dan fraksi-fraksi daun pacar kuku (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus danEscherichia coli. Fraksi etil asetat adalah fraksi teraktif anti bakteri.Identifikasi senyawa dalam fraksi teraktif melalui kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) menunjukkan adanya golongan senyawa flavonoid, terpenoid, antrakuinon, saponin, dan asam lemak. Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan adanya senyawa dominan 2-pentanone,4-hydroxy-4 methy, coumarin, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, dan 10-octadecanoic acid.
SINTESIS ZEOLIT DARI ABU DASAR BATUBARADAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LOGAM MERKURI (II)
Authors: Ma’rifat Ma’rifat , Krisdiyanto Didik , Irwan Nugraha Khamidinaldan 
Published: February 2017

Telah dilakukan sintesis zeolit dari abu dasar batubara dan aplikasinya sebagai adsorbenuntuk logam merkuri (II). Zeolit disintesis dengan metode alkali hidrotermal dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan Spektrofotometer FTIR dan Difraktometer Sinar-X (XRD). Kajian adsorpsi zeolit terhadap logam merkuri (II) dilakukan dengan variasi pH,waktu kontak dan konsentrasi merkuri. Karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan bahwa zeolit telah terbentuk dengan serapan pspesifik pada bilangan gelombang 457,31 cm-1.Hasil karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan bahwa zeolit hasil sintesis mempunyai struktur material zeolit faujasit yang ditunjukkan dengan difraksi utama pada 6,29°; 26,89°; dan 31,19°. Adsorpsi zeolit terhadap logam merkuri (II) optimum terjadi pada pH 6, kesetimbangan adsorpsi cenderung mengikuti pola isoterm Freundlich dengan konstanta yaitu 1,803 x 10-4 mol/gram dan kinetika adsorpsi cenderung mengikuti persamaan pseudo orde dua dengan konstanta laju reaksi (k) yaitu 8,687 x 10-3(g/mg min).
PENGGUNAAN LUMPUR AKTIF SEBAGAI MATERIAL UNTUK BIOSORPSI PEWARNA REMAZOL
Authors: Yuanita Dewi , Widjajanti Endang , Sulistyani Sulistyani 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui massa biosorben optimum, waktu kontak optimum dan konsentrasi pewarna optimum dalam biosorpsi lumpur aktif terhadap pewarna remazol teknis serta mengetahui pengaruh proses biosorpsi terhadap kadar COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) pewarna remazol teknis. Proses biosorpsi dilakukan dengan sistem batch pada berbagai variasi massa biosorben, waktu kontak dan konsentrasi pewarna remazol teknis. Larutan pewarna remazol teknis sebelum dan sesudah biosorpsi dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Penentuan kadar COD dilakukan pada larutan remazol teknis sebelum dan sesudah adsorpsi. Efisiensi biosorpsi dinyatakan dalam bentuk konsentrasi teradsorpsi dibagi konsentrasi mula-mula larutan dan dikalikan 100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: massa lumpur aktif yang memberikan efisiensi terbesar pada biosorpsi remazol blue yaitu 5 gram dengan efisiensi biosorpsi 6,83% sedangkan untuk remazol red adalah 150 gram dengan efisiensi biosorpsi 67,19%. Waktu optimum dalam biosorpsi remazol blue menggunakan lumpur aktif adalah 15 menit dengan efisiensi biosorpsi 7,98%, sedangkan untuk remazol red adalah 75 menit dengan efisiensi biosorpsi 9,30%. Konsentrasi optimum dalam biosorpsi remazol blue menggunakan lumpur aktif adalah 200 ppm dengan efisiensi biosorpsi 6,19% dan untuk remazol red 600 ppm dengan efisiensi biosorpsi 9,10%. Kadar COD pewarna remazol blue mengalami penurunan sebesar 22,22% setelah proses biosorpsi dengan lumpur aktif.
PREPARASI DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT KITOSAN-ZnO/ Al2O3
Authors: Kartika Maharani Dina , Hidayah Rusly 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menghasilkan material komposit baru berbasis bio polimer dan material anorganik non toksik yang dapat diaplikasikan pada berbagai bidang salah satunya pada industri tekstil sebagai agen antibakteri melalui proses pelapisan atau coating pada kain. Komposit kitosan-ZnO/Al2O3 dipreparasi melalui pencampuran larutan kitosan dengan partikel ZnO dan sol Al2O3 (alumina) yang dibuat dengan metode sol-gel. Karakterisasi komposit dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) dan XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposit kitosan-ZnO/Al2O3 yang dihasilkan berupa larutan yang jernih dan transparan sehingga sangat sesuai untuk proses pelapisan tekstil sebagai agen fungsional antibakteri pada tekstil. Karakterisasi FTIR komposit menunjukkan telah terjadi interaksi antara gugus fungsi pada kitosan dengan ZnO dan Al2O3 pada daerah bilangan gelombang 3500-3400 cm-1, 1600-1500 cm-1 serta 600-450 cm-1. Hal ini menandakan bahwa kitosan telah berinteraksi dengan partikel ZnO dan alumina. Hasil karakterisasi kristalinitas komposit menggunakan XRD juga menunjukkan adanya pergeseran sudut 2θ pada kitosan di 2θ 10° dan 19° yang mengindikasikan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara kitosan dengan partikel ZnO dan Al2O3.
ISOLASI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DARI EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA BATANG TUMBUHAN BROTOWALI (Tinosporacrispa L.)
Authors: Muharni Muharni , Elfita Elfita , Masyita Masyita 
Published: February 2017

Telah dilakukan isolasi satu senyawa metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak n-heksana batang Tinospora crispa. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi. Pemisahan dan pemurnian dilakukan dengan teknik kromatografi. Terhadap senyawa hasil isolasi dilakukan uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1 - difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) dengan variasi konsentrasi 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62,5, 31,25, 15,625 dan 7,8125 μg/mL. Senyawa hasil isolasi diperoleh dalam bentuk minyak berwarna kuning. Berdasarkan data spektroskopi NMR 1D dan dengan membandingkan data senyawa yang telah dilaporkan dari jamur endofitik batang brotowali pada literatur disimpulkan bahwa senyawa hasil isolasiadalah bis-(2-etilheksil)ftalat dengan rumus molekul C24O4H38. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dari senyawa hasil isolasi memberikan nilai IC50 sebesar 232,9 μg/mL dan dikategorikan tidak aktif antioksidan.
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SABUN NATRIUM DARI MINYAK BIJI NYAMPLUNG (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP Staphilococus aureus
Authors: Chasani Mochamad , Widyaningsih Senny , Mubarok Adidyan 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini menggunakan minyak biji nyamplung sebagai bahan dasar sabun antibakteri. Pembuatan sabun dari minyak biji nyamplung dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap yaitu sintesis sabun menggunakan metode saponifikasi dan karakterisasi sabun berdasarkan SNI 06-3532-1994. Untuk mengetahui sifat antibakteri sabun, dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococus aureus. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan sabun yang berwarna kuning dengan berat 13,028 g dari 10,028 g minyak biji nyamplung. Karakteristik sabun berdasarkan SNI didapatkan kadar air 25,287%, jumlah asam lemak 72,177%, alkali bebas 0,082%, lemak yang tidak tersabunkan atau lemak netral 0,834% dan minyak mineral negatif. Sabun berbahan dasar minyak biji nyamplung memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadapStaphylococus aureus dengan diameter zona bening sebesar 14,701 mm.
Public Health, Ethics, and Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Fleetwood Janet 
Published: February 2017

With the potential to save nearly 30 000 lives per year in the United States, autonomous vehicles portend the most significant advance in auto safety history by shifting the focus from minimization of postcrash injury to collision prevention. I have delineated the important public health implications of autonomous vehicles and provided a brief analysis of a critically important ethical issue inherent in autonomous vehicle design. The broad expertise, ethical principles, and values of public health should be brought to bear on a wide range of issues pertaining to autonomous vehicles.
Visual Loss and Subsequent Activity Limitations in the Elderly: The French Three-City Cohort
Authors: Pérès Karine , Matharan Fanny , Daien Vincent , Nael Virginie , Edjolo Arlette , Bourdel-Marchasson Isabelle , Ritchie Karen , Tzourio Christophe , Delcourt Cécile , Carrière Isabelle 
Published: February 2017

Objectives. To investigate the relationship between vision and disability in the elderly. Methods. We used a baseline visual indicator (combining near acuity with Snellen equivalent < 20/30 and self-reported distance visual loss) to explore the association between visual loss and subsequent disability (mobility, instrumental activities of daily living [IADLs], ADLs, and participation restriction) from 1999 to 2007 in 8491 elderly participants of the French Three-City Cohort (Bordeaux, Dijon, and Montpellier). Results. In multiadjusted analyses, near visual impairment, alone or associated with distance visual function loss, was associated with greater risk of developing ADL limitations (P = .027), IADL limitations (P = .002), and participation restriction (P < .001), but not mobility (P = .848). The disabling impact of visual loss was significant for 11 of the 15 activities, when analyzed one by one. Conclusions. Both near and distance visual loss was associated with greater functional decline over time, and the combination of the two could be even worse. Public Health Implications. In the context of rapid aging of the population, maintaining good vision in the elderly represents a promising prevention track, visual impairment being common in the elderly, largely undermanaged, and mostly reversible. Further research, especially trials, is necessary to estimate the public health impact of such interventions.
Housing Assistance Programs and Adult Health in the United States
Authors: Fenelon Andrew , Mayne Patrick , Simon Alan E. , Rossen Lauren M. , Helms Veronica , Lloyd Patricia , Sperling Jon , Steffen Barry L. 
Published: February 2017

Objectives. To examine whether access to housing assistance is associated with better health among low-income adults. Methods. We used National Health Interview Survey data (1999–2012) linked to US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administrative records (1999–2014) to examine differences in reported fair or poor health and psychological distress. We used multivariable models to compare those currently receiving HUD housing assistance (public housing, housing choice vouchers, and multifamily housing) with those who will receive housing assistance within 2 years (the average duration of HUD waitlists) to account for selection into HUD assistance. Results. We found reduced odds of fair or poor health for current public housing (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57, 0.97) and multifamily housing (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.60, 0.95) residents compared with future residents. Public housing residents also had reduced odds of psychological distress (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.40, 0.86). These differences were not mediated by neighborhood-level characteristics, and we did not find any health benefits for current housing choice voucher recipients. Conclusions. Housing assistance is associated with improved health and psychological well-being for individuals entering public housing and multifamily housing programs.
Engaging Human Rights in the Response to the Evolving Zika Virus Epidemic
Authors: Rasanathan Jennifer J. K. , MacCarthy Sarah , Diniz Debora , Torreele Els , Gruskin Sofia 
Published: February 2017

In late 2015, an increase in the number of infants born with microcephaly in poor communities in northeast Brazil prompted investigation of antenatal Zika infection as the cause. Zika now circulates in 69 countries, and has affected pregnancies of women in 29 countries. Public health officials, policymakers, and international organizations are considering interventions to address health consequences of the Zika epidemic. To date, public health responses have focused on mosquito vector eradication, sexual and reproductive health services, knowledge and technology including diagnostic test and vaccine development, and health system preparedness. We summarize responses to date and apply human rights and related principles including nondiscrimination, participation, the legal and policy context, and accountability to identify shortcomings and to offer suggestions for more equitable, effective, and sustainable Zika responses.
Transformasi Genetik Kedelai dengan Gen Proteinase Inhibitor II Menggunakan Teknik Penembakan Partikel
Authors: Pardal Saptowo J. , Wattimena G. A. , Aswidinnoor Hajrial , Herman M. 
Published: February 2017

<p class="p1">An experiment was conducted at the Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of BB-Biogen, Bogor with an objective to obtain transgenic soybean plants containing the <em>proteinase inhibitor </em>II (<em>pin</em>II) gene. The experiment consisted of three steps, i.e., optimalization of the soybean transformation technique using the <em>gus </em>gene; transformation of soybean using the <em>pin</em>II gene, and molecular analysis of the transformed soybean plants. Two type of explants (young embryo and cotyledon) were bombarded with <em>p</em>RQ6 plasmid containing the <em>gus </em>gene with the following treatment: Helium gas pressure (1100 psi and 1300 psi), shoot distance (5 and 7 cm), and number of bombardment (1x and 2x). The result of <em>gus </em>assay indicated that the best bombardment was done on young cotyledon explants with 1100 psi Helium pressure, shoot distance 5 cm, and 1x bombardment. Transformation of the soybean explant using the <em>pin</em>II gene (inside the <em>p</em>TWa plasmid) was conducted using the best bombardment treatment from the first activity. Two plants from c.v. Wilis (WP<span class="s1">1</span>, WP<span class="s1">2</span>) and three plants from c.v. Tidar (TP<span class="s1">1</span>, TP<span class="s1">2</span>, TP<span class="s1">3</span>) were recovered from regeneration and selection of the transformed explants. Molecular analysis of the regenerated plants using the PCR technique showed that only WP<span class="s1">2 </span>contained the <em>pin</em>II gene. This plant was fertile and will be used for further evaluation.</p>
El origen del mundo: la teología feminista y la subversión de lo erótico
Authors: Boehler Genilma 
Published: February 2017

Se propone en este artículo discutir la Teología Feminista Latinoamericana desde la elaboración de nuevas preguntas, explorando nuevos significados, con claves propias hermenéuticas, desde las mujeres del continente latinoamericano y caribeño. Se propone a la desconstrucción de lo que se tiene como verdades únicas, exclusivas en la teología.
Accounting Quality and Trade Credit
Authors: Chen Deqiu , Liu Ming , Ma Tao , Martin Xiumin 
Published: February 2017

SYNOPSIS
We examine whether firms with low accounting quality are more likely to use trade credit as a source of financing. Because of their advantages in overcoming information frictions, suppliers are more likely to provide trade credit to customers with low accounting quality. We therefore expect firms' use of trade credit to decrease with their accounting quality. We find results consistent with this prediction. We also find that this negative relation is more pronounced for customers with low inventory liquidation costs and high firm-wide information asymmetry. Our findings extend the literature linking firms' accounting quality to financial decisions.
JEL Classifications: G32; M41
An Evaluation of the General versus Specialist Nature of Top Accounting Journals
Authors: Summers Scott L. , Wood David A. 
Published: February 2017

SYNOPSIS
Academic research has a role in advancing and enlightening society in broad areas of study. Many forces interact to influence the directions, topics, and methodologies used in research. In this paper, we explore and discuss the relationships between the top general-interest and specialist accounting journals. We test whether top journals (e.g., “Top 3” or “Top 6”), relative to a set of high-quality, but specialist, journals, (1) are perceived to be general in what they will consider publishing, (2) have historically published diverse sets of articles, (3) have editorial board members with diverse sets of interests and skills, and (4) publish the most highly cited articles by topic area and methodology. The results suggest that some of the top journals are not as general as their mission statements suggest and that they do not publish the most highly cited articles in some topic areas and methodologies. These results may help institutions consider whether “counting” only the top journals is an appropriate measure for judging faculty scholarship. The results suggest that counting articles in the traditional top journals alone will be problematic if institutions want to promote research in a broad range of accounting topics and issues in the profession.
Data Availability: Please contact the authors.
Relationships Between Type 2 Diabetes, Neuropathy, and Microvascular Dysfunction: Evidence From Patients With Cryptogenic Axonal Polyneuropathy
Authors: Emanuel Anna L. , Nieuwenhoff Mariska D. , Klaassen Erica S. , Verma Ajay , Kramer Mark H.H. , Strijers Rob , Vrancken Alexander F.J.E. , Eringa Etto , Groeneveld Geert Jan , Serné Erik H. 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE
This study investigated whether the relationship between neuropathy and microvascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes is independent of diabetes-related factors. For this purpose, we compared skin microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes with that of patients with cryptogenic axonal polyneuropathy (CAP), a polyneuropathy of unknown etiology.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Cross-sectional information was collected from 16 healthy controls (HCs), 16 patients with CAP, 15 patients with type 2 diabetes with polyneuropathy (DPN), and 11 patients with type 2 diabetes without polyneuropathy. Axonal degeneration was assessed with skin biopsy and nerve conduction studies. Microvascular skin vasodilation was measured using laser Doppler fluxmetry combined with iontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP).

RESULTS
Patients with CAP and DPN demonstrated a similar decrease in intraepidermal nerve fiber density and sural sensory nerve action potential compared with HCs. The vasodilator response to ACh was similar among patients with CAP (relative mean difference based on log values 13.3%; 95% CI −35.0 to 97.7%; P = 0.652) but was lower in the patients with diabetes with neuropathy (157.5%; 42.0–366.7%; P = 0.003) and without neuropathy (174.2%; 44.2–421.3%; P = 0.003) compared with HCs. No significant differences were found between the groups of patients with diabetes (P = 0.845). The vasodilator response to SNP was not significantly different among the groups (P = 0.082).

CONCLUSIONS
In this study, endothelium-dependent vasodilation was reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes regardless of the presence of polyneuropathy, whereas microvascular vasodilation was normal in patients with CAP. These data suggest that in type 2 diabetes, neuropathy does not contribute to impaired microvascular endothelium-dependent vasodilation and vice versa. In addition, this study suggests that impaired microvascular vasodilation does not contribute to CAP.
PENYERAPAN ISTILAH ASING PADA TERMINOLOGI HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rasjidi Ira Thania 
Published: February 2017

Absorption of foreign terms and terminology of today become a problem because it is not adapted to the rules of Indonesian enhanced (EYD). Additionally rigid legal language and multiple interpretations.
By using the method of normative legal research analyzed data that was obtained from the library. As a result, the absorption of foreign terms are acceptable, facilitate relations in the international arena.
Keyword: Absorption; Terminology; Legal; Glossary; Foreign.
Review of A* (A Star) Navigation Mesh Pathfinding as the Alternative of Artificial Intelligent for Ghosts Agent on the Pacman Game
Authors: Zikky Moh. 
Published: February 2017

Shortest pathfinding problem has become a populer issue in Game’s Artificial Intelligent (AI). This paper discussed the effective way to optimize the shortest pathfinding problem, namely Navigation Mesh (NavMesh). This method is very interesting because it has a large area of implementation, especially in games world. In this paper, NavMesh was implemented by using A* (A star) algorithm and examined in Unity 3D game engine. A* was an effective algorithm in shortest pathfinding problem because its optimization was made with effective tracing using segmentation line. Pac-Man game was chosen as the example of the shortest pathfinding by using NavMesh in Unity 3D. A* algorithm was implemented on the enemies of Pac-Man (three ghosts), which path was designed by using NavMesh concept. Thus, the movement of ghosts in catching Pac-Man was the result of this review of the effectiveness of this concept. In further research, this method could be implemented on several optimization programmes, such as Geographic Information System (GIS), robotics, and statistics.