bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALDH1A3 is the switch that determines the balance of ALDH+ and CD24−CD44+ cancer stem cells, EMT-MET, and glucose metabolism in breast cancer
Authors: Fernando Wasundara , Cruickshank Brianne M. , Arun Raj Pranap , MacLean Maya R. , Cahill Hannah F. , Morales-Quintanilla Fiorella , Dean Cheryl A. , Wasson Marie-Claire D. , Dahn Margaret L. , Coyle Krysta M. , Walker Olivia L. , Power Coombs Melanie R. , Marcato Paola 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPlasticity is an inherent feature of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and regulates the balance of key processes required at different stages of breast cancer progression, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) versus mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), and glycolysis versus oxidative phosphorylation. Understanding the key factors that regulate the switch between these processes could lead to novel therapeutic strategies that limit tumor progression. We found that aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) regulates these cancer-promoting processes and the abundance of the two distinct breast CSC populations defined by high ALDH activity and CD24−CD44+ cell surface expression. While ALDH1A3 increases ALDH+ breast cancer cells, it inversely suppresses the CD24−CD44+ population by retinoic acid signaling-mediated gene expression changes. This switch in CSC populations induced by ALDH1A3 was paired with decreased migration but increased invasion and an intermediate EMT phenotype. We also demonstrate that ALDH1A3 increases oxidative phosphorylation and decreases glycolysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The effects of ALDH1A3 reduction were countered with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG). In cell culture and tumor xenograft models, 2DG suppresses the increase in the CD24−CD44+ population and ROS induced by ALDH1A3 knockdown. Combined inhibition of ALDH1A3 and glycolysis best reduces breast tumor growth and tumor-initiating cells, suggesting that the combination of targeting ALDH1A3 and glycolysis has therapeutic potential for limiting CSCs and tumor progression. Together, these findings identify ALDH1A3 as a key regulator of processes required for breast cancer progression and depletion of ALDH1A3 makes breast cancer cells more susceptible to glycolysis inhibition.
MiLoPYP: self-supervised molecular pattern mining and particle localization in situ
Authors: Huang Qinwen , Zhou Ye , Bartesaghi Alberto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCryo-electron tomography allows the routine visualization of cellular landscapes in three dimensions at nanometer-range resolutions. When combined with single-particle tomography, it is possible to obtain near-atomic resolution structures of frequently occurring macromolecules within their native environment. Two outstanding challenges associated with cryo-electron tomography/single-particle tomography are the automatic identification and localization of proteins, tasks that are hindered by the molecular crowding inside cells, imaging distortions characteristic of cryo-electron tomography tomograms and the sheer size of tomographic datasets. Current methods suffer from low accuracy, demand extensive and time-consuming manual labeling or are limited to the detection of specific types of proteins. Here, we present MiLoPYP, a two-step dataset-specific contrastive learning-based framework that enables fast molecular pattern mining followed by accurate protein localization. MiLoPYP’s ability to effectively detect and localize a wide range of targets including globular and tubular complexes as well as large membrane proteins, will contribute to streamline and broaden the applicability of high-resolution workflows for in situ structure determination.
Machine learning to predict morphology, topography and mechanical properties of sustainable gelatin-based electrospun scaffolds
Authors: Roldán Elisa , Reeves Neil D. , Cooper Glen , Andrews Kirstie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrospinning is an outstanding manufacturing technique for producing nano-micro-scaled fibrous scaffolds comparable to biological tissues. However, the solvents used are normally hazardous for the health and the environment, which compromises the sustainability of the process and the industrial scaling. This novel study compares different machine learning models to predict how green solvents affect the morphology, topography and mechanical properties of gelatin-based scaffolds. Gelatin-based scaffolds were produced with different concentrations of distillate water (dH2O), acetic acid (HAc) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). 2214 observations, 12 machine learning approaches, including Generalised Linear Models, Generalised Additive Models, Generalised Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS), Decision Trees, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network, and a total of 72 models were developed to predict diameter of the fibres, inter-fibre separation, roughness, ultimate tensile strength, Young’s modulus and strain at break. The best GAMLSS models improved the performance of R2 with respect to the popular regression models by 6.868%, and the MAPE was improved by 21.16%. HAc highly influenced the morphology and topography; however, the importance of DMSO was higher in the mechanical properties. The addition of the morphological properties as covariates in the topographic and mechanical models enhanced their understanding.
Fat body glycolysis defects inhibit mTOR and promote distant muscle disorganization through TNF-α/egr and ImpL2 signaling in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Rodríguez-Vázquez Miriam , Falconi Jennifer , Heron-Milhavet Lisa , Lassus Patrice , Géminard Charles , Djiane Alexandre 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe fat body in Drosophila larvae functions as a reserve tissue and participates in the regulation of organismal growth and homeostasis through its endocrine activity. To better understand its role in growth coordination, we induced fat body atrophy by knocking down several key enzymes of the glycolytic pathway in adipose cells. Our results show that impairing the last steps of glycolysis leads to a drastic drop in adipose cell size and lipid droplet content, and downregulation of the mTOR pathway and REPTOR transcriptional activity. Strikingly, fat body atrophy results in the distant disorganization of body wall muscles and the release of muscle-specific proteins in the hemolymph. Furthermore, we showed that REPTOR activity is required for fat body atrophy downstream of glycolysis inhibition, and that the effect of fat body atrophy on muscles depends on the production of TNF-α/egr and of the insulin pathway inhibitor ImpL2.
Critical-Illness-Polyneuropathie und -Myopathie – Aktuelles zu
Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Balke Maryam 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Critical Illness Polyneuropathie (CIP) und Critical Illness Myopathie (CIM)
bzw. Critical Illness Neuromyopathie (CINM) sind häufige Komplikationen einer
intensivmedizinischen Behandlung und werden oft unter dem Begriff der
intensive-care-unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) zusammengefasst. Die
Diagnosestellung erfolgt klinisch anhand der Prüfung von Kraft, der Sensibilität
und des Reflexstatus. Daneben helfen elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen und
Muskelsonografie bei der Diagnosestellung und Verlaufsbeobachtung. Bei der CIP
handelt es sich pathophysiologisch um eine Degeneration der Axone, bei der CIM
kommt es zu einer direkten Schädigung der Muskelfasern im Sinne einer primären
Myopathie. Die neuromuskuläre Dysfunktion nach intensivmedizinischer Behandlung
ist ein wichtiger Kofaktor der weiteren Morbidität und der Gesamtprognose der
Betroffenen. Eine intensivere Auseinandersetzung mit der Schädigung der Nerven
und Muskeln in der Frühphase der schweren Erkrankung wird uns helfen, unser
Verständnis von der Pathophysiologie und vom Verlauf der ICU-AW zu verbessern,
die Diagnose früher zu stellen, früher zu intervenieren und damit die Prognose
zu verbessern.
Diagnose des akuten Koronarsyndroms
Authors: Thießen Niklas , Schnabel Renate 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDas akute Koronarsyndrom ist in vielen Fällen die erste klinische Manifestation der zugrunde liegenden Atherosklerose und stellt häufig eine Notfallsituation dar. In kurzer Zeit müssen die Ursache und ggf. mögliche Differenzialdiagnosen erkannt und zügig gehandelt werden. Die richtige Interpretation von Anzeichen und Symptomen und die entsprechende Auswahl der diagnostischen Methode sind die Basis für die weitere Therapie.
Pulmonary Metastasectomy after Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sakanoue Ichiro , Hamaji Masatsugu , Nakajima Daisuke , Date Hiroshi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe management of oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma with pulmonary metastases is controversial and occasionally requires multimodality management, including salvage pulmonary metastasectomy after immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, limited data are available on these patients. We describe a case series of three consecutive patients who underwent salvage pulmonary metastasectomy after ICIs for oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma and discussed the important characteristics of these patients. After salvage pulmonary metastasectomy, none of the patients had recurrent pulmonary metastases, although one of them developed a brain metastasis postoperatively. Our case series suggests that salvage pulmonary metastasectomy after ICIs may control pulmonary metastases in carefully selected patients with oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma, although the management of extrapulmonary metastases may be required after salvage pulmonary metastasectomy.
Stakeholders’ views of online surveillance capabilities: a comparative analysis of the debates in UK, Finland and Norway
Authors: Leppänen Anna-Riitta , Flinterud Guro , Long Amy , O’Neill Megan , Boucht Johan , Schaefer Burkhard , Houtsonen Jarmo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe examine how stakeholders (n = 74) in the United Kingdom, Finland and Norway perceive security authorities’ online surveillance capabilities, and how these perceptions form patterns transcending national borders and organisational boundaries. Using a Q-methodological approach, we found variation within and between nations that is usually obscured in the polarised public debates. Furthermore, our stakeholders presented areas of consensus not usually apparent in public discourses. We argue for using awareness of this nuance and areas of convergence as platforms on which to build more effective public debates to further principles of deliberative democracy.
Characteristic investigation of digital control four quadrant electro-hydrostatic actuator with separated hydraulic motor
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Zhu Yuchuan , Ling Jie , Zhang Mingming 
Published: September 2024

The asymmetric electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) is a promising distributed hydraulic actuation solution for the more-electric aircraft (MEA). However, the flow asymmetry is a common problem causing the poor position control accuracy and dynamics of EHA. To achieve good flow control in all quadrants and save energy in the assistive quadrants, a digital control four quadrant electro-hydrostatic actuator with a separated hydraulic motor using a novel four-quadrant division principle was proposed in this article. The theoretical model of the proposed EHA has been developed in MATLAB/Simulink and validated in the experiments. The theoretical results indicated that the increased external force allows the proposed EHA to have a constantly and partly linearly and varied motion velocity of the cylinder piston in the resistive and assistive quadrants, and the latter is determined by the specific external forces of 0.5 and 2.8 kN, respectively, in the extension and retraction quadrants. Compared with EHA without SHM, in the second and fourth quadrants, the energy dissipation is reduced by 104% and 36.7%, respectively, while the motion velocity of the cylinder piston is reduced by 12.9% and 25.6%, respectively. The theoretical and experimental results indicated that the proposed four quadrants division method effectively corrects the misjudgment of quadrants by using the existing four quadrants division method under the lower external force.
Linking excess entropy and acentric factor in spherical fluids
Authors: Yoon Tae Jun , Bell Ian H. 
Published: September 2024

Introduced by Pitzer in 1955, the acentric factor (ω) has been used to evaluate a molecule’s deviation from the corresponding state principle. Pitzer devised ω based on a concept called perfect liquid (or centric fluid), a hypothetical species perfectly adhering to this principle. However, its physical significance remains unclear. This work attempts to clarify the centric fluid from an excess entropy perspective. We observe that the excess entropy per particle of centric fluids approximates −kB at their critical points, akin to the communal entropy of an ideal gas in classical cell theory. We devise an excess entropy dissection and apply it to model fluids (square-well, Lennard-Jones, Mie n-6, and the two-body ab initio models) to interpret this similarity. The dissection method identifies both centricity-independent and centricity-dependent entropic features. Regardless of the acentric factor, the attractive interaction contribution to the excess entropy peaks at the density where local density is most enhanced due to the competition between the local attraction and critical fluctuations. However, only in centric fluids does the entropic contribution from the local attractive potential become comparable to that of the hard sphere exclusion, making the centric fluid more structured than acentric ones. These findings elucidate the physical significance of the centric fluid as a system of particles where the repulsive and attractive contributions to the excess entropy become equal at its gas–liquid criticality. We expect these findings to offer a way to find suitable intermolecular potentials and assess the physical adequacy of equations of state.
Multi-objective optimization of Stinger PDC cutter breaking rock parameters under intrusion-cutting action using Taguchi-based gray relational analysis
Authors: Wang Minsheng , He Senlin , Xiong Chao , Wang Heng , Xuan Lingchao , Shi Huaizhong , Liao Hualin , Huang Zhongwei 
Published: September 2024

To enhance the efficiency of the Stinger Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) cutter in breaking hard rocks, this study focuses on optimizing the cutter intrusion-cutting rock breaking parameters. A numerical calculation model for the rotational breaking of granite by a Stinger PDC cutter was established. A comprehensive statistical examination was performed to assess the influence of various factors on intrusion ability (IA), tangential force (TF), and mechanical specific energy (MSE). The Taguchi method was used to determine the optimal settings for each factor, while analysis of variance was employed to assess the significance and relative impact of these factors on the target outcomes. In addition, the multi-objective function was optimized using the gray relational analysis method. The primary process parameters obtained for the various performance characteristics are the cone top angle (α), the cone top radius (r), the cutter diameter (d), the cutter back inclination angle (β), and weight on bit (P). The impact ratios of these parameters are 6.20%, 7.66%, 3.93%, 17.20%, and 65.02%, respectively. The optimal geometrical parameters are α = 60°, r = 2 mm, and d = 15 mm, while the optimal working parameters are β = 30° and P = 800 N. In the optimal case, IA and MSE were reduced by 55.335% and 15.809%, respectively, compared to the initial case. Despite a 15.706% increase in TF, the overall GRG increased for all three evaluation criteria, with an overall increase in efficiency of 18.229%. The results of this paper can provide guidance for the design of Stinger cutter PDC drill bits.
Undegradable dietary protein limits growth and carcass yields in crossbred Boer kids fed Desmanthus hay or Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay supplemented with urea and/or cottonseed meal
Authors: Aoetpah A. , Gardiner C. , Gummow B. , Mialon A. , Walker G. 
Published: September 2024

Context Low-protein tropical forages required protein supplementation, which might affect growth of meat goats. Aims This study was aimed to compare liveweight gain, carcass/non-carcass yields and meat quality in crossbred Boer kids fed isonitrogenous diets varying in undegradable (UDP) and rumen-degradable (RDP) dietary protein sources. Methods Twenty-five female crossbred Boer kids were randomly allocated into the following five dietary treatments: Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay supplemented with urea (U), urea plus cottonseed meal (UCSM), cottonseed meal (CSM), gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) (Gliri) or Desmanthus (Desmanthus leptophyllus) only (Desman). The diets were formulated to supply 135 and 195 g crude protein/kg DM for the two experiments. Experiment 1 lasted 78 days and the dietary UDP:RDP ratio (g/kg DM) was 35:102 (U), 37:100 (UCSM), 40:97 (CSM), 55:82 (Desman) and 46:91 (Gliri). Experiment 2 lasted 138 days and the dietary UDP:RDP ratio (g/kg DM) was 45:150 (U), 52:143 (UCSM), 58:137 (CSM), 83:112 (Desman) and 71:124 (Gliri) respectively. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and general linear model. Key results After 138 days of supplementation, the Desman goats had the highest liveweight gain (83 g/day) and heaviest cold carcass weight (12.1 kg) in Experiment 2. This was followed, in descending order, by CSM (58 g/day and 9.6 kg), UCSM (48 g/day and 7.8 kg), Gliri (41 g/day and 7.6 kg) and U (6 g/day and 6.0 kg). Heavier carcass weight was associated with larger eye-muscle area and fat depth at the 12th rib. Aus-meat Beef Colour Standard scores of 3–4 for the eye muscle of the Desman and CSM goats compared with scores of 1C-2 in the other goats meant that the darker meat in Desman and CSM diets was associated with heavier carcass weight and a more rapid rate of decline in carcass pH. Conclusions Crossbred Boer kids fed high dietary UDP had higher intakes of UDP, RDP, metabolisable protein (MP) and metabolisable energy (ME), even though an isonitrogenous diet was offered. The Desman kids had higher liveweight gain, heavier carcass yield, greater eye-muscle area, thicker fat depth and heavier mass of non-carcass components. Implications The higher liveweight gain and carcass/non-carcass yields for Desman goats than for others was associated with increased DM, UDP, RDP, MP and ME intakes.
Dietary Herbs: Ancient Use, Modern Advancements and Health Prospects in the 21st Century
Authors: Arooj Misha , Khalid Nauman 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As the World seeks sustainable and holistic approaches to health, dietary herbs are in the spotlight due to their potential benefits. Incorporating dietary herbs into functional products to create fortified foods with enhanced nutritional values has shown health benefits. Dietary herbs and diets rich in plant-based foods and supplements have been integral to managing diseases since ancient times. In the 21st century, research advancements in dietary herbs continue to analyse and characterize bioactive compounds to develop novel herbal formulations. This case study provides an overview of the historical use of dietary herbs, highlighting their bioactive compounds and the scientific evidence of those bioactive compounds in improving health and wellness.

Information
© The Authors 2024
The analytical approach in testing the Kaniadakis cosmology
Authors: Salehi A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We know that a quantum-corrected cosmological scenario can emerge based on its corrected Friedmann equations corresponding to the corrected entropy of cosmic-horizon using the gravity-thermodynamics conjecture in deriving those equations. In this right, the Kaniadakis entropy associated with the apparent horizon of Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) Universe leads to a corrected Friedmann equation which contains a correction term as

Ω

K
a

=

α

(

H
2

+

k

a
2

)

−
1

H

2

where

α
≡

K
2

π
2

2

G
2

(K is the Kaniadakis parameter). Here, we derive the analytical relations between the energy density parameters

Ω

m

,

Ω

Λ

(and the ratio density Ω

Ka
of correction term) and the geometrical cosmological parameters

{
q
,
j
}

. This leads to getting

Ω

K
a

=

j
−
1

4
(
q
+
1

)

2

−
(
j
−
1
)

which enables us to put constrains on

Ω

K

a

0

using the measurable parameters

{

q

0

,

j

0

}

and H
0. It also reveals some interesting aspects of the Kaniadakis cosmology by explaining that the correction term plays different roles both in the presence and in the absence of the cosmological constant Λ. This term plays the role of dark energy in the absence of the cosmological constant Λ, while in the presence of this component, it plays the role of a small correction to dark energy. The value of Ω

Ka
then determines the amount of the deviation of Kaniadakis model from the concordance ΛCDM model. As a result, the value of j
0 is found to be close to unit for vanishing cosmological constant

Λ
=
0

and the maximum value of

Ω

K
a
0

; thereby we get

(

j

0

−
1
)
≃
0.137

and

(

j

0

−
1
)
≃<

10

−
3

for the case of

Λ
=
0

and

Λ
≠
0

, respectively. That is, the jerk parameter j can be used as a useful tool to test the Kaniadakis cosmology using the observational studies.
Matter coupled to 3d quantum gravity: one-loop unitarity
Authors: Livine Etera R , Maris Valentine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We expect quantum field theories for matter to acquire intricate corrections due to their coupling to quantum fluctuations of the gravitational field. This can be precisely worked out in 3d quantum gravity: after integrating out quantum gravity, matter fields are effectively described as noncommutative quantum field theories, with quantum-deformed Lorentz symmetries. An open question remains: Are such theories unitary or not? On the one hand, since these are effective field theories obtained after integrating out high energy degrees of freedom, we may expect the loss of unitarity. On the other hand, as rigorously defined field theories built with Lorentz symmetries and standing on their own, we naturally expect the conservation of unitarity. In an effort to settle this issue, we explicitly check unitarity for a scalar field at one-loop level in both Euclidean and Lorentzian space-time signatures. We find that unitarity requires adding an extra-term to the propagator of the noncommutative theory, corresponding to a massless mode and given by a representation with vanishing Plancherel measure, thus usually ignored in spinfoam path integrals for quantum gravity. This indicates that the inclusion of matter in spinfoam models, and more generally in quantum gravity, might be more subtle than previously thought.