bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact results of the one-dimensional repulsive Hubbard model
Authors: Luo Jia-Jia , Pu Han , Guan Xi-Wen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present analytical results of the fundamental properties of the one-dimensional (1D) Hubbard model with a repulsive interaction. The new model results with arbitrary external fields include: (I) using the exact solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations of the Hubbard model, we first rigorously calculate the gapless spin and charge excitations, exhibiting exotic features of fractionalized spinons and holons. We then investigate the gapped excitations in terms of the spin string and the

k
−
Λ

string bound states at arbitrary driving fields, showing subtle differences in spin magnons and charge

η

-pair excitations. (II) For a high-density and high spin magnetization region, i.e. near the quadruple critical point, we further analytically obtain the thermodynamic properties, dimensionless ratios and scaling functions near quantum phase transitions. (III) Importantly, we give the general scaling functions at quantum criticality for arbitrary filling and interaction strength. These can directly apply to other integrable models. (IV) Based on the fractional excitations and the scaling laws, the spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid (SILL) with only the charge propagation mode is elucidated by the asymptotic of the two-point correlation functions with the help of conformal field theory. We also, for the first time, obtain the analytical results of the thermodynamics for the SILL. (V) Finally, to capture deeper insights into the Mott insulator and interaction-driven criticality, we further study the double occupancy and propose its associated contact and contact susceptibilities, through which an adiabatic cooling scheme based upon quantum criticality is proposed. In this scenario, we build up general relations among arbitrary external- and internal-potential-driven quantum phase transitions, providing a comprehensive understanding of quantum criticality. Our methods offer rich perspectives of quantum integrability and offer promising guidance for future experiments with interacting electrons and ultracold atoms, both with and without a lattice.
Optimizing CuInSe2 solar cells with kesterite-based upper absorber and back surface field layers for enhanced efficiency: a numerical study
Authors: Belkacem Izzeddine , Bensmaine Souhila , Belarbi Mousaab , Merzouk Chams El Hayat 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study explores the performance enhancement of an innovative multi-layer solar cell structure using the SCAPS-1D (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator in One Dimension) software. We aim to improve the efficiency of a solar cell structure comprising ZnO/ZnSe/CZTSe/ CuInSe2/CZTSSe/Mo by incorporating CZTSe as the upper absorber layer, CuInSe2 as the main absorber layer, and CZTSSe as a back surface field layer. Initially, we compare the performance of three different configurations by analyzing their J–V characteristics. For the best performing structure, we further examine the external quantum efficiency spectrum. We then evaluate various window (ZnO, ZnMgO, SnO2, Zn2SnO4) and buffer (ZnSe, ZrS2, SnS2, In2S3) materials, identifying ZnO and ZrS2 as the most effective for achieving high current density and efficiency. Through detailed simulations, we determine the optimal thicknesses for CZTSSe (0.2 µm), CZTSe (0.4 µm), and CuInSe2 (3.2 µm). Additionally, by optimizing the acceptor density to 1020 cm−3, we significantly enhance the performance of both CZTSe and CZTSSe layers. Temperature management is shown to be crucial, with the highest efficiency observed at 300 K. As a result of these optimizations, the solar cell structure achieves a remarkable efficiency of 35.38%. Furthermore, we compare our results with existing literature to highlight the advancements made in this study. These findings underscore the importance of material selection and structural optimization in developing high-efficiency solar cells and provide a framework for future advancements in photovoltaic technology.
Dielectric modulated TFET on SELBOX substrate as a label-free biosensor applications: analytical modeling study and sensitivity analysis
Authors: Singh Ashish Kumar , Kumar Ramesh , Jit Satyabrata 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The manuscript proposes a ferroelectric heterojunction TFET (BG-FE-HJ-STFET) on SELBOX substrates with a back gate to create an ultra-sensitive label-free biosensor with dielectric modulation for the detection of neutral and charged biomolecules. Within the proposed device, four cavities have been carved out for the biomolecules’ immobilization under the front and rear gate dielectrics. By using a ferroelectric (FE) material as a gate stack, the low gate voltage is increased to be more effective by causing a negative capacitance phenomenon. The response of the proposed biosensor to four impartial biomolecules with different dielectric constants: protein (k = 8), biotin (k = 2.63), 3-Aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES) (k = 3.57), and streptavidin (k = 0.1) has been investigated. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a charged biomolecule, is also examined for the dielectric constant of k = 6 concerning both charge (negative and positive) densities. The device is simulated with the commercially available SILVACO ATLASTM TCAD tool. The performance analysis relies on several figures of merit (FOMs) such as DC/RF and sensitivity (including drain current, I

ON

/I

OFF
ratio, and subthreshold swing) for both neutral and charged biomolecules. The optimized cavity structure demonstrates a notable sensitivity in drain current (2.7 × 108) and a significant I

ON

/I

OFF
sensitivity (1.42 × 1011). One of the main problems with current biosensors is the difficulty and expense of production in the nanoscale realm.
Analysis of 11B + 13,14C scattering and 13C(11B, 10B)14C reaction data at E
lab(11B) = 45 MeV using energy dependent optical model systematics for carbon isotopes
Authors: Mezhevych S Yu , Ponkratenko O A , Rudchik A T , Keeley N , Kemper K W , Rudchik A A , Rusek K , Uleshchenko V V , Stepanenko Yu M , Koshchiy E I , Shyrma Yu O 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Existing data for 11B + 13,14C elastic and inelastic scattering at E
lab(11B) = 45 MeV, as well as new data for the 13C(11B, 10B)14C reaction for transitions populating the ground state of 14C and the ground plus first four excited states of 10B, were analysed using the coupled-channels (CC) and coupled-reaction-channels (CRC) methods. A recently proposed energy dependent optical model (OM) potential for carbon isotopes, consisting of Woods-Saxon (WS) volume real and WS volume plus surface imaginary components, applied successfully to OM analyses of scattering from mid-mass (A > 27) and heavy target nuclei, was used to generate the distorted waves in the entrance and exit channels. The data analysed in this work cover the whole angular range, enabling the most important reaction mechanisms leading to the production of nuclei in the exit reaction channels to be established. For these light boron + carbon systems, a reasonable fit to both scattering and reaction data over the full angular range required some modification of the parameters of the OM potential extracted from the energy-dependent carbon systematics: omission of the surface imaginary part and a slight increase in the radius of the real part. Inclusion of a sufficient number of inelastic channels in a CC analysis of the 11B + 13,14C elastic scattering was shown to be important at mid-range scattering angles, while for the 13C(11B, 10B)14C reaction inclusion of two-step neutron transfers via low-lying excited states of 11B was required to give good overall agreement between the CRC calculations and the data. We suggest the analytical form of the global carbon OM potential may benefit from an additional parameterization of the radius of the real part and the depth of the surface imaginary part, dependent on the target mass number, to give better applicability to the analysis of scattering from light target nuclei.
(Ti,W)C Morphology prediction & (Ti,W)C/Ni Interface bonding characteristics analysis based on first principles and experimental verification
Authors: Yao Fangping , Yu Senhao , Li Jinhua , Pan Wenpeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In order to ensure the feasibility of preparing (Ti,W)C composite ceramic reinforced Ni-based coating by laser cladding, the first principle was used to caculate the electronic structure of (Ti,W)C and predict its morphology. The interface bonding properties of (Ti,W)C/Ni were analyzed through interface construction, and the temperature conditions for in situ formation of (Ti,W)C composite ceramics were obtained through thermodynamic analysis. The in situ preparation of (Ti,W)C/Ni composite coatings was conducted through cladding experiment. The microstructure of the coating was detected by SEM, and the crystal morphology and element composition were analyzed to verify the accuracy of (Ti,W)C morphology prediction. The microhardness of the coating was measured by Vickers hardness tester. The results show that (Ti,W)C composite ceramics can be prepared in situ by laser cladding, and its morphology is hexagon-like. The interface of (Ti,W)C and Ni matrix is well combined, and there are no obvious porosity, cracks and other defects. The (Ti,W)C grains in the coating are fine and uniform.
Design and investigation of indium tin oxide-based transparent broadband microwave absorbers
Authors: Pan Ze-Yu , Wu Hai-Bin , Tian Ye , Lv Bo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the design of a novel wideband transparent microwave absorber based on indium tin oxide (ITO). The absorber adopts a multilayer structure, with the top layer composed of a nested square structure made of ITO material, an intermediate dielectric layer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and a bottom layer of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) coated with ITO as the reflector. By optimizing structural parameters such as the thickness of the ITO film and the dimensions of the spacer layer, efficient broadband microwave absorption exceeding 90% is achieved within the frequency range of 2.43 to 5.67 GHz, while simultaneously meeting requirements for optical transparency and broadband performance. Simulation experiments and theoretical analyses demonstrate excellent polarization and incident angle stability of the absorber structure. Finally, samples are fabricated using screen printing technology, and free-space testing results are consistent with simulation predictions, validating the feasibility of the design.
A compact low-profile substrate integrated waveguide wearable filtenna for 5G communication
Authors: Kumar Abhijeet , Sriwas S K , Kumar Mahendra , Bharti Archana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We have proposed the design and synthesis of a compact, low-profile, flexible substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) wearable filtering antenna (filtenna) for 5 G communication, along with two parasitic resonator patches. We initially used a half-mode rectangular-shaped substrate-integrated (HMRSI) cavity as a resonating patch to minimize circuit size. The HMRSI cavity is located in close proximity to two parasitic truncated corner patches that serve as both the radiator and the final stage resonators, thereby optimizing filtering performance and expanding the operating bandwidth. The interaction of the parasitic patches with the HMRSI cavity produces one radiation null at the upper band-edges, while the corner truncation and notching on the parasitic patches with defected ground creates the other, enhancing the roll-off rate. Typical filter synthesis technology guides the design of the antenna. We have manufactured and measured an optimized prototype. The proposed flexible filtenna demonstrates excellent out-of-band selectivity, and its measurement aligns well with simulated ones, achieving an 8.2% fractional bandwidth (FBW), a maximum realized gain of 6.1 dBi, and a flat passband gain response. The proposed filtenna has also studied the human body and achieved a low specific absorption rate (SAR), which enables it to be an on-body wearable filtenna.
Impossibility of rips and cosmological singularities in a universe merging with baby universes
Authors: Trivedi Oem , Khlopov Maxim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Understanding the late-time acceleration of the universe and its subtleties is one of the
biggest mysteries in cosmology. A lot of different approaches have been put forward to deal with
this, ranging from the conventional cosmological constant to various models of dark energy and
beyond. Recently one very interesting approach to explaining the late time acceleration has been
put forward, where the expansion of the universe is driven by mergers with other “baby”
universes and has been shown to be quite viable as well from the point of view of recent
observational data. So in this work we examine the possibility of various rip scenarios and other
future cosmological singularities in such “multiversal” scenario, probing such singularities for
the first time in a multi universe scenario. We examine two models of such a baby universe merging
cosmology, and show that remarkably no rip scenario or future cosmological singularity is possible
in such models.
The glow of axion quark nugget dark matter. Part I. Large scale structures
Authors: Majidi Fereshteh , Liang Xunyu , Waerbeke Ludovic Van , Zhitnitsky Ariel , Sekatchev Michael , Sommer Julian S. , Dolag Klaus , Castro Tiago 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAxion quark nuggets (AQN) are hypothetical, macroscopically large objects with a mass greater than a few grams and sub-micrometer size, formed during the quark-hadron transition. Originating from the axion field, they offer a possible resolution of the similarity between visible and dark components of the Universe, i.e. ΩDM∼ Ωvisibleand observed matter-antimatter asymmetry. These composite objects behave as cold dark matter, interacting with ordinary matter and resulting in pervasive electromagnetic radiation throughout the Universe. This work aims to predict the electromagnetic signature in large-scale structures from this AQN-baryon interaction, accounting for thermal and non-thermal radiations. We useMagneticumhydrodynamical simulations to describe the realistic distribution and dynamics of gas and dark matter at cosmological scales. We construct a light cone encompassing a 1.4 square degree area on the sky, extending up to redshiftz= 5.4, and we calculate the electromagnetic signature across a wide range of frequencies from radio, starting atν∼ 1 GHz, up to a few keV X-ray energies. We find that the AQNs electromagnetic signature is characterized by global (monopole) and fluctuation signals. The amplitude of both signals strongly depends on the average nugget mass and the ionization level of the baryonic environment, allowing us to identify a most optimistic scenario and a minimal configuration. The signal of our most optimistic scenario is often near the sensitivity limit of existing instruments, such as FIRAS in theν= [100-500] GHz range and the South Pole Telescope for high-resolutionℓ> 4000 atν= 95 GHz. Fluctuations in the Extra-galactic Background Light caused by the axion quark nuggets in the most optimistic scenario can also be tested with space-based imagers Euclid and James Webb Space Telescope. In general, our minimal configuration is still out of reach of existing instruments, but future experiments might be able to pose some constraints. We conclude that the axion quark nuggets model represents a viable model for dark matter, which does not violate the canons of cosmology nor existing observations. A reanalysis of existing data sets could provide some evidence of axion quark nuggets if our most optimistic configuration is correct. The best chances for testing the model reside in 1) ultra-deep infrared and optical surveys, 2) future experiments to probe the frequency spectrum of the cosmic microwave background, and 3) low-frequency (1 GHz <ν< 100 GHz) and high-resolution (ℓ≳ 104) observations.
Plasma electron density profile tomography for EAST based on integrated data analysis
Authors: Liu Zijie , Huang Yao , Wu Muquan , Luo Zhengping , Wang Yuehang , Wu Kai , Chen Dalong , Huang Jia , Wang Shouxin , Lian Hui , Zhang Tao , Yuan Qiping , Xiao Bingjia , Li Jiangang ,   the EAST Team
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Plasma electron density is a crucial parameter in plasma studies. Accurately inverting the plasma electron density profile is vital for plasma control experiments and the investigation of plasma physical mechanisms. This paper proposes an integrated data analysis (IDA) method based on Bayesian inference, which integrates polarimetric interferometry, hydrogen cyanide laser interferometer, and microwave reflectometer diagnostics for inverting the plasma electron density profile. To enhance inversion accuracy, a Gaussian prior probability of the non-stationary hyperparameter is used. This prior probability effectively simulates situations where there is a large plasma electron density gradient in the pedestal, especially under the condition of high-confinement mode discharge. Compared to the use of Gaussian prior probability for the stationary hyperparameter, the proposed IDA method based on the non-stationary hyperparameter prior probability achieves higher inversion accuracy.
How motility affects Ising transitions
Authors: Ray Chandraniva Guha , Mukherjee Indranil , Mohanty P K 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study a lattice gas (LG) model of hard-core particles on a square lattice experiencing nearest neighbour attraction J. Each particle has an internal orientation, independent of the others, that point towards one of the four nearest neighbour and it can move to the neighbouring site along that direction with the usual metropolis rate if the target site is vacant. The internal orientation of the particle can also change to any of the other three with a constant rate

ω
.

The dynamics of the model in

ω
→
∞

reduces to that of the LG which exhibits a phase separation transition at particle density

ρ
=

1
2

and temperature

T
=
1
,

when the strength of attraction J crosses a threshold value

ln
⁡
(
1
+

2

)
.

This transition belongs to Ising universality class (IUC). For any finite

ω
>
0
,

the particles can be considered as attractive run-and-tumble particles (RTPs) in two dimensions with motility

ω

−
1

.

We find that RTPs also exhibit a phase separation transition, but the critical interaction required is

J
c

(
ω
)

which increases monotonically with increased motility

ω

−
1

.

It appears that the transition belongs to IUC. Surprisingly, in these models, motility impedes cluster formation process necessitating higher interaction to stabilize microscopic clusters. Moreover, MIPS like phases are not found when J = 0.
Laying the foundations for negative emissions technologies: insights from a workshop
Authors: Shorey Patrick , Arwa Grace Awuor , Schell Kristen R , Abdulla Ahmed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pre-empting the worst consequences of climate change requires both mitigation of emissions from the global energy system and carbon dioxide removal through negative emissions technologies. Despite their nascence, negative emissions technologies are being incorporated into nationally determined contributions to achieve ambitious targets. It is therefore urgent to build a scaffolding that enables their expansion. Here, we report results from a workshop that brought together 34 prominent stakeholders, including scientists, engineers, energy system analysts, economists, experts in public policy, and policy makers. Participants discussed the likely cost and performance of these technologies; elucidated the opportunities and risks facing deployment; and envisioned how nations might build the necessary scaffolding for expansion. The majority narrative is that negative emissions technologies will have a bridging role in decarbonizing existing assets. Different models of deployment were proposed. Reaching the scale of deployment necessary to meet emissions targets is lengthy and expensive. Financial and regulatory risks are seen as greater barriers to deployment at scale than technological risk. Greater certainty regarding carbon pricing, production tax credits, and support for geological characterization and trunkline construction could reduce the former. Critical to expansion is a large-scale increase in low-carbon power production; the implementation of regulatory frameworks that remove uncertainty surrounding investment decisions; and prudent societal engagement.
Highly inhomogeneous interactions between background climate and urban warming across typical local climate zones in heatwave and non-heatwave days
Authors: Kong Jing , Zhao Yongling , Gao Kai , Strebel Dominik , Carmeliet Jan , Lei Chengwang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Urban heat island (UHI) in conjunction with heatwave (HW) leads to exacerbation of thermal stress in urban areas. Prior research on UHI and HW has predominantly concentrated on examining the thermal conditions at the surface and near-surface, with few investigations extending to the radiative and dynamical interactions of UHI and HW, particularly with a focus on the inhomogeneities across local climate zones (LCZs). Here, we analyse the temperature disparity between HW and non-HW conditions across LCZs in the Sydney area by quantifying the contributions of individual radiative and dynamical processes using the coupled surface-atmosphere climate feedback-response analysis method (CFRAM). Three moist HW events in 2017, 2019, and 2020 are simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the single-layer urban canopy model (SLUCM). It is found that the maximum surface and 900 hPa temperature difference between HW and non-HW days may reach up to 10 K, with the increased net solar radiation during HWs being comparable to the typical level of anthropogenic heat flux in urban areas. It is also found that the reduction of clouds, the presence of vapour, and the increase of sensible heat contribute to the warming effect to various degrees, with the contribution of clouds being the most dominant. Conversely, the generation of dry convection and the increase of latent heat flux lead to cooling effects, with the latter being more dominant and capable of causing up to 10 K surface temperature difference between LCZ1 (compact high-rise) and LCZ9 (sparsely built). The differences in the contributions of climate feedback processes across different LCZs become more evident during more severe and humid HWs. These findings underscore the necessity of implementing LCZ-tailored heat mitigation strategies.