bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Registered nurses’ work with sick leave questions by telephone in primary health care
Authors: Lännerström Linda , von Celsing Anna‐Sophia , Holmström Inger K , Wallman Thorne 
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe registered nurses’ work with sick leave questions by telephone.BackgroundIn Sweden, when a sick person needs to request a sickness certification, it is common to contact the primary healthcare centre. The main access to primary health care is by telephone, with a registered nurse answering the care seeker's questions, triaging and helping care seekers to the right level of care. Registered nurses’ work with sick leave questions has not been studied, except for two qualitative interview studies.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional study.MethodsA questionnaire with 120 questions was distributed to 185 registered nurses in one county in central Sweden. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis.ResultsResponse rate was 62% (n = 114). Registered nurses (n = 105) in this study talked weekly to persons on, or at risk, for sick leave. A large part (n = 78) felt they had a role in the care of persons on sick leave, consisting of booking appointments as well as acting as a pilot, advisor, caretaker and coordinator. For 74 of 114 registered nurses, it was problematic to handle the phone calls weekly. Measures were ‘often’ booking appointments with physicians (n = 67) and ‘seldom’ providing information on social insurance rules (‘never’ n = 51). The registered nurses expressed a great need for more education.ConclusionRegistered nurses in this study reported having a role in the care of persons on sick leave when handling sick leave questions by telephone. The telephone calls were problematic to handle, and the registered nurses expressed a great need for education and training in social insurance medicine.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a need to educate and train registered nurses in social insurance medicine to provide high‐quality nursing for patients on or at risk for sick leave.
Stress, coping and support needs of patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Larsson Kjerstin , Lööf Lars , Nordin Karin 
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine disease‐related stress, coping strategies and the need for information and support in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease).BackgroundPsychological stress is an important factor in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, and therefore, coping strategies and support needs should be considered in routine clinical practice.DesignThis is a qualitative study using a descriptive interview‐based approach.MethodFifteen patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 7) or Crohn's disease (n = 8) were interviewed. The interviews were analysed with content analysis.ResultsThe informants largely focused on disease‐related stress (e.g. access to a toilet, symptoms and worries) and relations to other people (various reactions from others and social situations). Behavioural strategies (i.e. taking actions and the need for making plans, prepare and adapt), social strategies (seeking help and information and sharing feelings about the disease with others) and emotional strategies (distraction, positive attitude and acceptance) were adopted to cope with the stress associated with the disease. The need for information and support concerned instrumental support (disease‐related information) and emotional support (to talk about disease management).ConclusionFaecal urgency and the fear of losing bowel control are important stressors for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The patients handle this problem using various coping strategies depending on the type of stressful events. Both instrumental and emotional support were requested which primarily occurred at the time of diagnosis and disease flare‐ups.Relevance to clinical practicePatients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease ask for information and psychosocial support that are tailored to their individual needs and at different stages in the disease trajectory to improve everyday life and strengthen self‐management strategies.
Challenges following discharge from acute psychiatric inpatient care in Japan: patients’ perspectives
Authors: Niimura J. , Tanoue M. , Nakanishi M. 
Published: September 2016

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

A lack of transitional care covering the period from psychiatric hospital discharge to community mental health care can increase the likelihood of illness recurrence or readmission of discharged patients.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

The participants expressed the view that discontinuity between inpatient and community life was a post‐discharge challenge after being involuntarily admitted to a psychiatric emergency ward.

These challenges arose from the dissatisfaction with inpatient treatment, inability to coordinate post‐discharge life

What are the implications for practice?

Patients should be able to disclose their feelings about their own experiences in inpatient care settings and the current challenges in community care settings in an open manner.

An advocate should be appointed in acute psychiatric inpatient care settings to reflect patients’ own feelings and individual needs to transitional care without bias to inpatient and community care providers.

AbstractIntroductionPsychiatric care in Japan usually comprises inpatient care provided during lengthy hospital stays. Recently, policies for shortening psychiatric hospital stays have been aggressively pursued. However, appropriate transitional care is not always provided for acute psychiatric inpatient care.AimWe elucidated patients’ challenges immediately after hospital discharge following acute psychiatric inpatient care to clarify how to improve inpatient care and post‐discharge follow‐ups.MethodThis study utilized a qualitative descriptive study design and incorporated patient interviews. Participants comprised 18 patients who experienced involuntary admission following a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Inductive qualitative content analysis was used to create codes and categories from interview transcripts.FindingsThe core category of post‐discharge challenges that emerged was ‘separating life as an inpatient from community life’. This comprised two subcategories: ‘dissatisfaction with the inpatient care received’ and ‘lack of abilities to coordinate lifestyle following discharge’.DiscussionPatients should be able to disclose their feelings about their experiences in inpatient care settings and the current challenges in community care settings openly.Implications for practiceAdvocate (e.g. peer staff) should be appointed in acute psychiatric inpatient care settings to reflect patients’ feelings and individual needs to transitional care without bias to inpatient and community care providers.
The relative availability of inorganic carbon and inorganic nitrogen influences the response of the dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum to elevated CO2
Authors: Pierangelini Mattia , Raven John A. , Giordano Mario 
Published: September 2016

This work originates from three facts: (i) changes in CO2 availability influence metabolic processes in algal cells; (ii) Spatial and temporal variations of nitrogen availability cause repercussions on phytoplankton physiology; (iii) Growth and cell composition are dependent on the stoichiometry of nutritional resources. In this study, we assess whether the impact of rising pCO2 is influenced by N availability, through the impact that it would have on the C/N stoichiometry, in conditions of N sufficiency. Our experiments used the dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum, which we cultured under three CO2 regimes (400, 1,000, and 5,000 ppmv, pH of 8.1) and either variable (the NO3− concentration was always 2.5 mmol · L−1) or constant (NO3− concentration varied to maintain the same Ci/NO3− ratio at all pCO2) Ci/NO3− ratio. Regardless of N availability, cells had higher specific growth rates, but lower cell dry weight and C and N quotas, at elevated CO2. The carbohydrate pool size and the C/N was unaltered in all treatments. The lipid content only decreased at high pCO2 at constant Ci/NO3− ratio. In the variable Ci/NO3− conditions, the relative abundance of Rubisco (and other proteins) also changed; this did not occur at constant Ci/NO3−. Thus, the biomass quality of P. reticulatum for grazers was affected by the Ci/NO3− ratio in the environment and not only by the pCO2, both with respect to the size of the main organic pools and the composition of the expressed proteome.
Implant osseointegration in irradiated bone: an experimental study
Authors: Ocaña R. P. , Rabelo G. D. , Sassi L. M. , Rodrigues V. P. , Alves F. A. 
Published: September 2016

Background and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of radiotherapy on the osseointegration of dental implants in the tibia and the action of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) as an adjuvant therapy.Material and MethodsA total of 18 rabbits received two implants in each tibial epiphysis, totalizing 72 implants. The control group (group I) was composed by six rabbits and did not receive radiotherapy. The test groups (II and III) received a single dose of 1727 cGy. Group II was composed by six irradiated animals and group III by six animals that received irradiation and PRP during implant placement. The implant success rate, the bone–implant contact (BIC), and the bone volume were analyzed.ResultsThere was no osseointegration in four of the implants, three in group II and one in group III. Total BIC was significantly higher in group I, when compared to the other groups. There was a significant difference of osteoid BIC only between irradiated animals (group II, 8.5%; group III, 4.7%; p = 0.001). On the other hand, the mineralized BIC was significantly higher in group I. Furthermore, group II had a lower mineralized BIC than group III (p = 0.002). Bone volume was higher in the control group (41.3%), followed by group III (33.4%) and II (25.1%), with differences between groups I and II (p = 0.001) and groups II and III (p = 0.022).ConclusionsThe present study showed that both the bone volume and BIC were higher in the control group. However, the failure rates of the implants were low in both irradiated groups. The PRP was a positive adjuvant in the osseointegration process.
Magnetic resonance imaging, treatment and outcome of canine vertebral chondrosarcomas. Six cases
Authors: Roynard P. F. P. , Bilderback A. , Falzone C. , Stefanacci J. D. , Cherubini G. B. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo report the clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging features, treatments and outcomes of canine vertebral chondrosarcoma.Materials and MethodsRetrospective review of medical records of dogs with confirmed vertebral chondrosarcoma and magnetic resonance imaging of the lesions, from four different veterinary referral institutions.ResultsA total of six dogs were included in this report. In all cases, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lobulated mass involving the dorsal vertebral compartment, markedly hyperintense with few foci of hypointensity on T2‐weighted images, iso to hypointense on T1‐weighted images with contrast enhancement after gadolinium administration. Intralesional surgical resection was performed in three dogs and medical management in one, two dogs were euthanased and all lesions were submitted for histopathology. Magnetic resonance imaging findings correlated with histological findings of a low tumour grade. Rapid clinical improvement was noted after surgery but two of three dogs had local regrowth.Clinical SignificanceChondrosarcomas show local aggressiveness and resistance to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and so prognosis depends on feasibility of en bloc resection. Magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful in establishing a presumptive diagnosis and prognosis based on the feasibility of surgical resection.
Survey of Two New (Kai 1 and Kai 2) and Other Blood Groups in Dogs of North America
Authors: Euler C.C. , Lee J.H. , Kim H.Y. , Raj K. , Mizukami K. , Giger U. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundBased upon serology, >10 canine blood group systems have been reported.ObjectiveWe surveyed dogs for dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 and 2 new blood types (Kai 1 and Kai 2), and some samples also were screened for Dal and DEA 3, 4, and 7.MethodsBlood samples provided by owners, breeders, animal blood banks, and clinical laboratories were typed for DEA 1 by an immunochromatographic strip technique with a monoclonal antibody and analysis of band intensity. Both new antigens, the Dal and other DEAs (except DEA 7 by tube method), were assessed by a gel column method with either monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. The same gel column method was applied for alloantibody detection.ResultsOf 503 dogs typed, 59.6% were DEA 1+ with 4% weakly, 10% moderately, and 45.6% strongly DEA 1+. Regarding Kai 1 and Kai 2, 94% were Kai 1+/Kai 2‐, 5% were Kai 1‐/Kai 2‐ and 1% were Kai 1‐/Kai 2+, but none were Kai 1+/Kai 2+. There was no relationship between Kai 1/Kai 2 and other blood types tested. Plasma from DEA 1‐, Kai 1‐, Kai 2‐ dogs, or some combination of these contained no detectable alloantibodies against DEA 1 and Kai 1 or Kai, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe new blood types, called Kai 1 and Kai 2, are unrelated to DEA 1, 3, 4, and 7 and Dal. Kai 1+/Kai 2‐ dogs were most commonly found in North America. The clinical relevance of Kai 1 and Kai 2 in canine transfusion medicine still needs to be elucidated.
Bioseguridad in Mexico: Pursuing Security between Local and Global Biologies
Authors: Wanderer Emily Mannix 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn the aftermath of the 2009 outbreak of H1N1 influenza, scientists in Mexico sought to develop bioseguridad, that is, to protect biological life in Mexico by safely conducting research on infectious disease. Drawing on ethnographic research in laboratories and with scientists in Mexico, I look at how scientists make claims about local differences in regulations, infrastructure, bodies, and culture. The scientists working with infectious microbes sought to establish how different microbial ecologies, human immune systems, and political and regulatory systems made the risks of research different in Mexico from other countries. In developing bioseguridad, the idea of globalized biology that animates many public health projects was undermined as scientists attended to the elements of place that affected human health and safety. Scientists argued for the importance of local biologies, generating tension with global public health projects and regulations premised on the universality of biology.
Misconceptions Regarding the Brain: The Neuromyths of Preservice Teachers
Authors: Dündar Sefa , Gündüz Nazan 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTUnderstanding preservice teachers' misconceptions regarding the brain and neuroscience (neuromyths) can provide information that helps teachers to apply neuroscience knowledge in an educational context. The objective of this study was to investigate these misconceptions. Following preliminary research, a questionnaire comprising 59 challenging assertions in two categories (education and neuromyths) was developed as a data collection tool. The findings identify preservice teachers' neuromyths, which were found to vary by teaching area.
Copper and cobalt accumulation in plants: a critical assessment of the current state of knowledge
Authors: Lange Bastien , van der Ent Antony , Baker Alan John Martin , Echevarria Guillaume , Mahy Grégory , Malaisse François , Meerts Pierre , Pourret Olivier , Verbruggen Nathalie , Faucon Michel‐Pierre 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis review synthesizes contemporary understanding of copper–cobalt (Cu–Co) tolerance and accumulation in plants. Accumulation of foliar Cu and Co to > 300 μg g−1 is exceptionally rare globally, and known principally from the Copperbelt of Central Africa. Cobalt accumulation is also observed in a limited number of nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulator plants occurring on ultramafic soils around the world. None of the putative Cu or Co hyperaccumulator plants appears to comply with the fundamental principle of hyperaccumulation, as foliar Cu–Co accumulation is strongly dose‐dependent. Abnormally high plant tissue Cu concentrations occur only when plants are exposed to high soil Cu with a low root to shoot translocation factor. Most Cu‐tolerant plants are Excluders sensu Baker and therefore setting nominal threshold values for Cu hyperaccumulation is not informative. Abnormal accumulation of Co occurs under similar circumstances in the Copperbelt of Central Africa as well as sporadically in Ni hyperaccumulator plants on ultramafic soils; however, Co‐tolerant plants behave physiologically as Indicators sensu Baker. Practical application of Cu–Co accumulator plants in phytomining is limited due to their dose‐dependent accumulation characteristics, although for Co field trials may be warranted on highly Co‐contaminated mineral wastes because of its relatively high metal value.
Treatment of Distal Femur Nonunion Following Initial Fixation with a Lateral Locking Plate
Authors: Ebraheim Nabil A. , Buchanan Grant S. , Liu Xiaochen , Cooper Maxwell E. , Peters Nicholas , Hessey Jacob A. , Liu Jiayong 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo report and evaluate the outcomes of patients undergoing definitive treatment for distal femur nonunion after initial treatment with a locking plate.MethodsFourteen patients who had undergone definitive treatment at an academic Level 1 trauma center from May 2007 to December 2013 for distal femur nonunion were identified from a fracture database. Thirteen of them were female; the average age was 65 years (range, 50–84 years). Ten patients had sustained their injuries in falls at ground level, and four in motor vehicle accidents. Twelve patients were obese (body mass index ≥30), 10 had diabetes, none were current smokers, and one had an open fracture classified as type IIIa according to the Gustilo–Anderson classification system for open fractures. The fractures were classified according to the AO classification system for distal femur fractures; there were three type 33‐A1, six 33‐A2, two 33‐A3 and three 33‐C3 fractures. Methods of definitive treatment involved open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) revision, medial plating, bone grafting and the use of other biologic materials.ResultsEight of the 14 patients (57%) achieved union during follow‐up. Definitive treatment for nonunion involved ORIF revision in 11 cases. Three patients who did not undergo ORIF revision were treated with iliac crest stem cell autografts, bone graft substitutes or recombinant human‐bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rh‐BMP‐2). Other treatments included rh‐BMP‐2 (12 cases), iliac crest bone autograft (five), iliac crest stem cell autograft (two), crushed cancellous bone allograft (three), CaSO
4 and tricalcium phosphate bone graft substitute (two) and demineralized bone matrix (one). The average time from definitive treatment to union was 19 weeks (range, 12–51 weeks). Two of the 11 cases who underwent ORIF revision had medial plates added to improve biomechanical stability and prevent varus collapse. This was also performed in one patient with a grade III open type 33‐C3 fracture and one with a closed 33‐A2 fracture. Five study patients had comminuted fractures. Two had type 33‐A3 and three type 33‐C3 fractures. Both patients with 33‐A3 fractures and 2 two with 33‐C3 fractures had persistent nonunion at the end of follow‐up.ConclusionsDefinitive treatment of distal femur nonunion after initial treatment with a locking plate had a low rate of success in this study, suggesting that this procedure is ineffective as a definitive treatment for distal femur nonunion.
Intermittent Cyclic Mechanical Tension Promotes Degeneration of Endplate Cartilage via the Nuclear Factor‐κB Signaling Pathway: an in Vivo Study
Authors: Xiao Liang , Xu Hong‐guang , Wang Hong , Liu Ping , Liu Chen , Shen Xiang , Zhang Tao , Xu Yong‐ming 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo establish a rabbit model for investigating the effects of intermittent cyclic mechanical tension (ICMT) on promoting degeneration of endplate cartilage.MethodsForty New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to surgery and randomly divided into three equal groups as follows: control group (no treatment, n = 10), sham group (animals underwent a sham operation but were not subjected to mechanical tensile strain, n = 15) and loaded group (discs were subjected to 1.5 MPa external tensile loading by using an external loading device during the animals' daily activity, n = 15). Mechanical tensile strain was applied for 8 h/d. The animals were examined radiologically after 8 weeks treatment and then killed for removal of endplate cartilage tissue samples from their spines. Histological staining was performed to examine the morphology of endplate cartilage tissue. Multiple strategies were employed to examine degeneration of endplate cartilage and nuclear factor (NF)‐κB signaling pathway activation.ResultsAfter ICMT loading for 56 days, radiology revealed ossification, hyperosteogeny and stenosis in the intervertebral spaces. Examination of hematoxylin and eosin staining of sections of endplate cartilage showed significant damage as the load duration increased in the ICMT loading group. Expression of aggrecan (ACAN), type II collagen (COL‐2A), SRY‐related high mobility group‐box gene 9 (SOX9) was down‐regulated (FACAN = 21.515, P < 0.01; FCOL‐2A = 6.670, P = 0.05; FSOX9 = 7.888, P < 0.05), whereas that of matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13) was up‐regulated (FMMP13 = 14.120, P < 0.01) after ICMT. Western blot and immunofluorescence revealed that expression of protein was consistent with gene expression results. Additionally, ICMT loading can lead to NF‐κB signaling pathway activation as well as degeneration of endplate cartilage.ConclusionThese experiments indicate that ICMT contributes to the activation of NF‐κB signaling pathway in vivo and that the NF‐κB signaling pathway further up‐regulates MMP13, leading to degeneration of endplate cartilage.