bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal study of changing psychological outcomes following the Victorian Black Saturday bushfires
Authors: Bryant Richard A , Gibbs Lisa , Gallagher Hugh Colin , Pattison Phillipa , Lusher Dean , MacDougall Colin , Harms Louise , Block Karen , Sinnott Vikki , Ireton Greg , Richardson John , Forbes David 
Published: June 2017

Objectives: To map the changing prevalence and predictors of psychological outcomes in affected communities 5 years following the Black Saturday bushfires in Victoria. Method: Follow-up assessment of longitudinal cohort study in high, medium and non-affected communities in Victoria, Australia. Participants included 1017 respondents (Wave 1) interviewed via telephone and web-based survey between December 2011 and January 2013, and 735 (76.1%) eligible participants were retested between July and November 2014 (Wave 2). The survey included measures of fire-related and subsequent stressful events, probable posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive episode, alcohol use and severe distress. Results: There were reduced rates of fire-related posttraumatic stress disorder (8.7% vs 12.1%), general posttraumatic stress disorder (14.7% vs 18.2%), major depressive episode (9.0% vs 10.9%) and serious mental illness (5.4% vs 7.8%). Rates of resilience increased over time (81.8% vs 77.1%), and problem alcohol use remained high across Wave 1 (22.1%) and Wave 2 (21.4%). The most robust predictor of later development of fire-related posttraumatic stress disorder (odds ratio: 2.11; 95% confidence interval: [1.22, 3.65]), general posttraumatic stress disorder (odds ratio: 3.15; 95% confidence interval: [1.98, 5.02]), major depressive episode (odds ratio: 2.86; 95% confidence interval: [1.74, 4.70]), serious mental illness (odds ratio: 2.67; 95% confidence interval: [0.57, 1.72]) or diminished resilience (odds ratio: 2.01; 95% confidence interval: [1.32, 3.05]) was extent of recent life stressors. Conclusion: Although rates of mental health problems diminished over time, they remained higher than national levels. Findings suggest that policy-makers need to recognize that the mental health consequences of disasters can persist for many years after the event and need to allocate resources towards those who are most at risk as a result of substantive losses and ongoing life stressors.
Training Techniques for Visual Search in Complex Task Environments
Authors: Guznov Svyatoslav , Matthews Gerald , Warm Joel S. , Pfahler Marc 
Published: June 2017

Objective: The goal for this study was to evaluate several visual search training techniques in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) simulated task environment. Background: Operators controlling remote unmanned vehicles often must perform complex visual search tasks (e.g., target search). These tasks may pose substantial demands on the operator due to various environmental factors. Visual search training may reduce errors and mitigate stress, but the most effective form of training has not been determined. Methods: Participants were assigned to one of four training conditions: target, cue, visual scanning, or control. After the training, the effectiveness of the training techniques was tested during a 30-minute simulated UAV flight. A secondary task manipulation was included to further simulate the demands of a realistic UAV control and target search task. Subjective stress and fatigue were also assessed. Results: Target training produced superior target search performances in more hits and fewer false alarms (FAs) when compared to the control condition. The visual scanning and cue trainings were moderately effective. Only target training performance was vulnerable to the secondary task load. The task was stressful, but training did not mitigate stress response. Conclusion: Training participants on the target and the cue appearance as well as active scanning of the visual field is promising for promoting effective target search for this simulated UAV environment. Application: These training techniques could be used in preparation for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions that involve target search, especially where target appearance change is likely.
Hearing Preservation: Does Electrode Choice Matter?
Authors: Mady Leila J. , Sukato Daniel C. , Fruit Jenifer , Palmer Catherine , Raz Yael , Hirsch Barry E. , McCall Andrew A. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveEvaluate if electrode design affects hearing preservation (HP) following cochlear implantation (CI) with full‐length electrodes.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary referral academic center.Subjects and MethodsForty‐five adults with low‐frequency hearing (≤85 dB at 250 and 500 Hz) who underwent unilateral CI with full‐length electrode arrays made by 1 manufacturer were included. HP was calculated with (1) mean low‐frequency pure‐tone average (LFPTA) at 250 and 500 Hz (MEAN method), (2) a percentile method across the audiometric frequency spectrum generating an S‐value (HEARRING method), and (3) functional if hearing remained ≤85 dB at 250 and 500 Hz. Audiometric testing was performed approximately 1 month and 1 year postoperatively, yielding short‐term and long‐term results, respectively.ResultsOf 45 patients who underwent CI, 46.7% received lateral wall (LW) and 53.3% received perimodiolar (PM) electrodes. At short‐term follow‐up, LW electrodes were associated with significantly better HP than PM (LFPTA method: 27.7 vs 39.3 dB, P <. 05; S‐value method: 48.2 vs 21.8%, P <. 05). In multivariate regression of short‐term outcomes, LW electrode use was a significant predictor of better HP (P <. 05). At long‐term follow‐up, electrode type was not associated with HP. Younger patient age was the only significant predictor of long‐term HP on multivariate analysis (P <. 05).ConclusionThe LW electrode is associated with short‐term HP, suggesting its design is favorable for limiting trauma to the cochlea during and directly following CI. Other factors, including age, are relevant for maintaining HP over the long term. The data support further investigation into what modifiable factors may promote long‐term HP.
Biomechanical Quantification of Mendelsohn Maneuver and Effortful Swallowing on Pharyngoesophageal Function
Authors: Doeltgen Sebastian Heinrich , Ong Ellisa , Scholten Ingrid , Cock Charles , Omari Taher 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo quantify the effects of 2 swallowing maneuvers used in dysphagia rehabilitation—the Mendelsohn maneuver and effortful swallowing—on pharyngoesophageal function with novel, objective pressure‐flow analysis.Study DesignEvaluation of intervention effects in a healthy control cohort.SettingA pharyngoesophageal motility research laboratory in a tertiary education facility.SubjectsTwelve young healthy subjects (9 women, 28.6 ± 7.9 years) from the general public, without swallowing impairment, volunteered to participate in this study.MethodsSurface electromyography from the floor‐of‐mouth musculature and high‐resolution impedance manometry–based pressure flow analysis were used to assess floor‐of‐mouth activation and pharyngoesophageal motility, respectively. Subjects each performed 10 noneffortful control swallows, Mendelsohn maneuver swallows, and effortful swallows, with a 5‐mL viscous bolus. Repeated measures analyses of variance was used to compare outcome measures across conditions.ResultsEffortful and Mendelsohn swallows generated greater floor‐of‐mouth contraction (P =. 001) and pharyngeal pressure (P <. 0001) when compared with control swallows. There were no changes at the level of the upper esophageal sphincter, except for a faster opening to maximal diameter during maneuver swallows (P =. 01). The proximal esophageal contractile integral was reduced during Mendelsohn swallows (P =. 001).ConclusionEffortful and Mendelsohn maneuver swallows significantly alter the pharyngoesophageal pressure profile. Faster opening of the upper esophageal sphincter may facilitate bolus transfer during maneuver swallows; however, reduced proximal esophageal contractility during Mendelsohn maneuver swallows may impair bolus flow and aggravate dysphagic symptoms.
Radioanatomic Study of the Greater Palatine Canal Relevant to Endoscopic Endonasal Surgical Landmarks
Authors: Ayoub Noel , Thamboo Andrew , Hwang Peter H. , Walgama Evan S. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveA radioanatomic study of surgically relevant variations in the greater palatine canal (GPC) on computed tomography (CT) was performed to determine susceptibility during endoscopic endonasal procedures.Study DesignBlinded radioanatomic analysis.SettingTertiary university hospital.Subjects and MethodsFifty consecutive paranasal CT scans (100 sides) were analyzed. Measurements were standardized to landmarks such as the inferior turbinate (IT) and floor of the nasal cavity (FNC) to assess variability and vulnerability of the nerve. Measurements included (1) incidence of maxillary sinus pneumatization posterior to the GPC, (2) distance from the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus to the GPC at the IT and FNC, (3) width of bone containing the GPC, (4) incidence of medial GPC dehiscence, and (5) angle of the GPC extending from the IT to FNC.ResultsNinety‐one percent of maxillary sinuses were pneumatized posterior to the GPC. The distance from the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus to the GPC was 2.8 ± 1.7 mm (range, –2.3 to 5.9) at the posterior attachment of the IT and 4.1 ± 3.1 mm (range, –6.3 to 11.9) at the FNC. The width of bone containing the GPC was 3.3 ± 1.3 mm (range, 1‐8.9), and the medial bony GPC was dehiscent in 38% of cases. In the sagittal plane, the angle of the GPC between the IT and the FNC was 31.9 ± 6.9 degrees (range, 10.8‐45).ConclusionThe GPC has considerable anatomic variability relative to important surgical landmarks in endoscopic procedures. Preoperative review of CTs to assess vulnerability may prevent postoperative complications.
Polypoid Change of the Middle Turbinate and Paranasal Sinus Polyposis Are Distinct Entities
Authors: Brunner Jacob P. , Jawad Basit A. , McCoul Edward D. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesPolypoid change of the middle turbinate (PCMT) is a finding on intranasal examination whose significance is not well understood. We present a comparison of the clinical characteristics of PCMT with paranasal sinus polyposis (PSP), a common condition with potentially similar appearance.Study DesignParallel case series.SettingTertiary rhinology clinic.Subjects and MethodsData were prospectively compiled from consecutive patients during a 12‐month period with either PSP arising from the middle meatus or PCMT limited to the middle turbinate as identified on nasal endoscopy. Recorded data included comorbidities, the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), Lund‐Mackay score from computed tomography (CT) imaging, and total eosinophil levels.ResultsOf 593 patients, 23 (3.9%) had PCMT and 44 (7.4%) had PSP. The PSP group was predominantly male (75% vs 52%, P <. 001) with an older mean age (53.4 vs 35.4 years, P <. 0001). PCMT was more often associated with allergic rhinitis (83% vs 34%, P <. 001), whereas PCMT was rarely associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (10% vs 100%, P <. 0001). Mean eosinophil count (7.1 vs 3.1, P =. 096) was not significantly different between groups, whereas mean Lund‐Mackay score was higher in PSP (14.9 vs 2.8, P <. 0008). Mean NOSE score was greater in PSP (65.3 vs 46.8, P =. 025), whereas SNOT‐22 score was comparable between groups (40.6 vs 34.6, P =. 29).ConclusionPCMT is a unique physical finding with clinical associations that distinguish it from PSP. PCMT has greater association with allergic rhinitis than chronic rhinosinusitis, and both PCMT and PSP are associated with impaired quality of life.
Surgical resection of pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors: long-term outcome
Authors: Peretti Marine , Radu Dana M , Pfeuty Karel , Dujon Antoine , Riquet Marc , Martinod Emmanuel 
Published: June 2017

Background Pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors are rare lesions that remain problematic in several aspects, especially regarding the therapeutic strategy. The goal of this study was to evaluate long-term survival in a multicenter series of patients who required surgery for pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors. Methods Thirty-six cases of pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors, operated on in 3 French thoracic surgery departments between 1989 and 2015, were studied retrospectively. We recorded pre-, peri- and postoperative data for each patient, and long-term survival was analyzed. Results There were 22 men and 14 women. Mean age was 53.5 years (range 14–81 years). Three pneumonectomies, 1 bilobectomy, 19 lobectomies, 2 segmentectomies, 10 wedge resections, and 1 biopsy were performed. Complete resection was carried out in 32 (88.8%) patients. Median follow-up was 76 months. Five-year and 10-year survival rates were respectively 86.8% and 81.7% (96% and 90% for patients with R0 resection). Conclusions Long-term survival was excellent for patients with pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors who benefited from surgery, especially when surgical resection was complete. These results confirm that surgical resection must be proposed as the first-line treatment for patients with pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors.
Severity and frequency of restless legs syndrome in patients with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Yılmaz Samet , Çiğdem Burhanettin , Gökçe Şeyda Figül , Ceyhan-Doğan Sevil , Balaban Hatice 
Published: June 2017

Objective: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensory motor disorder. RLS an urge to move the extremities that may be accompanied by dysesthesias, and significantly affects quality of life of affected patients. The frequency of RLS is higher in different systemic inflammatory diseases. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an inherited inflammatory disease characterized by attacks of polyserositis, arthritis, and fever. The prevalence of RLS in patients with FMF is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence rate of RLS in a sample of patients with FMF and compare this prevalence with that of a matched normal population. Method: A total of 60 patients with FMF and 60 healthy controls were studied. All participants underwent a neurological examination. Diagnostic criteria as proposed by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) were used to define RLS. The IRLSSG rating scale for the severity of RLS was applied to determine the severity of symptoms. Results: The prevalence of RLS was not significantly different between patients and controls. Although the mean International Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale (IRLSRS) scores tended to be higher in patients compared with controls, this difference was not significant. When each item of the severity scale was compared between the two groups, significantly higher scores were found in some items of the IRLSRS in patients with FMF compared with controls. Conclusion: According to this result, RLS symptoms in patients with FMF were more frequent and lasted longer than those in controls.
Neonatal hearing screening in remote areas of China: a comparison between rural and urban populations
Authors: Wenjin Wu , Xiangrong Tang , Yun Li , Jingrong Lü , Jianyong Chen , Xueling Wang , Zhiwu Huang , Hao Wu 
Published: June 2017

Objectives Universal neonatal hearing screening (UNHS) started late in some underdeveloped areas in China, with relatively scarce screening resources and a wide regional distribution. This study aimed to compare the screening performance between rural and urban populations, and to examine the characteristics and problems of UNHS in underdeveloped regions in China. Methods A two-step hearing screening program was used in neonates born in Liuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital and in patients who were born in other hospitals, but admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. This program involved distortion product otoacoustic emission and automated auditory brainstem response. Characteristics of each newborn, as well as the screening outcomes and performance were compared between rural and urban populations. Results A total of 19,098 newborns were screened with a referral rate of 17.9% at the first step. Sixty-three (0.33%) newborns had hearing loss. The prevalence of permanent hearing loss was 2.25‰. The average screening age was significantly older in the rural population than in the urban population in the first ( P < 0.01) and second steps of screening ( P < 0.05). The rural population had a higher referral rate in both steps than the urban population ( P < 0.01). The follow-up rate was much lower in the rural population than in the urban population ( P < 0.05), but dramatically increased in 2014 compared with the previous 2 years. Conclusions A low follow-up rate is a critical issue when carrying out UNHS in developing countries, such as China, especially for rural populations. The government should establish more hearing referral centres to increase service coverage and supply financial assistance for low-income populations.
Influence of Islamic Traditions on Breastfeeding Beliefs and Practices Among African American Muslims in West Philadelphia: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Kamoun Camilia , Spatz Diane 
Published: June 2017

Background: Little is known regarding the influence of religion on breastfeeding in African American communities. In particular, whether Islamic traditions influence breastfeeding beliefs and practices among African American Muslims has not been studied. Research aim: This study sought to gain understanding of breastfeeding attitudes, rates, and education among African American Muslims in West Philadelphia and to examine if engaging Islamic teachings in breastfeeding education can positively influence breastfeeding attitudes. Methods: Open-ended, in-person, digitally recorded qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 community leaders and analyzed by conventional content analysis. A study tool distributed to a convenience sample of 44 community members and 11 leaders was used to gather information about education received from community leaders, breastfeeding attitudes and practices, and the potential for Islamic teachings to positively affect breastfeeding attitudes and practices. To obtain further data on this last topic, preliminary data analysis guided the creation of an education pamphlet, about which feedback was gathered through another study tool. Results: Education surrounding Islamic perspectives on breastfeeding was not prevalent. African American Muslims in West Philadelphia view breastfeeding favorably and have higher rates of breastfeeding than African Americans as a whole. Community education about breastfeeding that engaged Islamic teachings improved respondents’ breastfeeding attitudes. Conclusion: Increasing education among providers and African American Muslims about Islamic perspectives on breastfeeding may improve breastfeeding exclusivity and duration. Healthcare providers who care for Muslim women should be aware of Islam’s tradition of positive attitudes toward breastfeeding and partner with Muslim leaders to improve breastfeeding rates and duration among such women.
Analysis of Media Coverage on Breastfeeding Policy in Washington State
Authors: DeMarchis Alessandra , Ritter Gaelen , Otten Jennifer , Johnson Donna 
Published: June 2017

Background: Media coverage and message framing about breastfeeding polices can influence important policy decisions in institutional and governmental settings. Research aim: This study aimed to describe the media coverage of breastfeeding policies and the message frames that are found in print newspapers and web-only news publications in Washington State between 2000 and 2014. Methods: For this retrospective media analysis study, 131 news articles published from January 2000 through June 2014 in Washington State that specifically discussed breastfeeding policy were identified, coded, and analyzed to explore the content of the sample and examine how arguments supporting or opposing breastfeeding policy were framed. The coding scheme was developed cooperatively and found to be reliable across coders. Results: The number of articles published each year about breastfeeding policy grew overall between 2000 and 2014 and peaked during periods of specific policy development. Seventy-four articles had a neutral tone, 49 supported breastfeeding policy, and 4 were in opposition. Nine distinct supporting frames and six distinct opposing frames were identified. Common supporting frames were health benefits of breastfeeding and the need for policies because of challenges of breastfeeding in public. The most common opposing frame was indecency of breastfeeding in public. Conclusion: There is limited but growing media coverage of breastfeeding policies. For the most part, coverage is supportive of the need for policies. Breastfeeding advocates can apply information about media message frames to craft effective policy development strategies that counteract negative perceptions and promote the benefits of breastfeeding policies.
Mothers of Infants With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Describe “Breastfeeding” in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: “As Long as It’s My Milk, I’m Happy”
Authors: Froh Elizabeth B. , Deatrick Janet A. , Curley Martha A. Q. , Spatz Diane L. 
Published: June 2017

Background: Very little is known about the breastfeeding experience of mothers of infants born with congenital anomalies and cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Often, studies related to breastfeeding and lactation in the NICU setting are focused on the mothers of late preterm, preterm, low-birth-weight, and very-low-birth-weight infants. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an anatomic malformation of the diaphragm and affects 1 in every 2,000 to 4,000 live births. Currently, there are no studies examining the health outcomes of infants with CDH and the effect of human milk. Research aim: This study aimed to describe the breastfeeding experience of mothers of infants with CDH cared for in the NICU. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal qualitative descriptive design was used. Phased interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 11 CDH infant–mother dyads from a level 3 NICU in a children’s hospital. Results: Six themes emerged from the data: (a) hopeful for breastfeeding, (b) latching on . . . to the pump, (c) we’ve already worked so hard, (d) getting the hang of it—it’s getting easier, (e) a good safety net, and (f) finding a way that works for us. Conclusion: For this population of CDH infant–mother dyads, the term breastfeeding is not exclusive to direct feeding at the breast and the mothers emphasized the significance of providing their own mother’s milk through a combination of feeding mechanisms to their infants with CDH.