The potential of Trichoderma sp. as antibacterial and immunostimulant on white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Pebrianto Catur A. , Sukenda . , Widanarni . 
Published: February 2017

<p>The objective of this research was to study antibacterial and immunostimulatory effects of <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. extract on white shrimp, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>. First experiment was conducted to evaluate inhibitory effect of <em>Trichoderma </em>sp. againts <em>Vibrio harveyi</em>, a pathogenic bacteria causing vibriosis disease on shrimp. Second experiment was conducted to evaluate immunostimulatory effect of <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. on shrimp immunity as well as protective effect against <em>V. harveyi</em>. A group of shrimp was injected with a minimum inhibitory concentration obtained at first experiment, and a week after, shrimps was challenged with <em>V. harveyi</em> (prophylactic). Another group was previously challenged with <em>V. harveyi</em>, and subsequently injected with <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. two fold of <em>Minimum Inhibitory Concentration</em> (MIC) a day after (therapeutic). Positive control, that was received only <em>V. harveyi</em>, and negative controls, that was received neither <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. nor <em>V. harveyi</em> were included in this experiment. Results of first experiment showed that a concentration of 600 ppm was a MIC of <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. to inhibit <em>V. harveyi</em>. While in the second experiment, the groups receiving <em>Trichoderma</em> sp., either prophylactic or therapeutic, showed protective effect against <em>V. harveyi</em> significantly higher than positive control and lower compared with negative control. Total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC), phagocytic index and phenoloxydase activity were different among the groups of prophylactic treatment or therapeutic treatment compared to control positive and negative treatments. In conclusion, <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. could be used in prophylactic and therapeutic treatments to combat infection of <em>V. harveyi</em> on <em>L. vannamei</em>.</p> <p>Key words: <em>Trichoderma </em>sp., <em>V. harveyi, </em>immunostimulant</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh antibakterial dan immunostimulasi ekstrak <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. terhadap udang putih, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>. Percobaan pertama dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penghambatan <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. terhadap <em>Vibrio harveyi</em>, bakteri patogen yang menyebabkan penyakit vibriosis pada udang. Percobaan kedua dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh immonustimulasi <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. terhadap imunitas udang serta pengaruh protektif terhadap <em>V. harveyi</em>. Sekelompok udang disuntik dengan konsentrasi hambatan minimum (<em>minimum inhibitory concentration</em>, MIC) yang diperoleh dari hasil percobaan pertama, dan seminggu kemudian udang diuji tantang dengan <em>V. harveyi</em> (profilaksis). Kelompok udang lain diuji tantang dengan <em>V. harveyi</em> sebelumnya untuk kemudian disuntik dengan <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. (<em>therapeutic</em>). Kontrol positif, yang hanya diuji tantang dengan <em>V. harveyi</em>, dan kontrol negatif, yang tidak mendapat baik <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. maupun <em>V. harveyi. </em>Hasil percobaan pertama menunjukkan bahwa 600 ppm merupakan konsentrasi MIC <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. yang memberikan efek penghambatan maksimal terhadap <em>V. harveyi</em>. Sedangkan hasil percobaan kedua, kelompok udang yang mendapatkan <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. baik sebagai profilaksis maupun <em>therapeutic</em> menunjukkan bahwa <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. memberikan efek perlindungan terhadap infeksi <em>V. harveyi</em> secara signifikan lebih tinggi daripada kontrol positif dan lebih rendah daripada kontrol negatif. <em>Total hemocyte count</em> (THC) dan <em>differential hemocyte</em> (DHC), indeks fagositik dan aktivitas fenoloksidase kelompok perlakuan profilaksis atau perlakuan <em>therapeutic</em> berbeda baik dengan kontrol positif maupun negatif. Untuk itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. dapat digunakan dalam tindakan pencegahan dan pengobatan infeksi <em>V. harveyi</em> pada udang putih.</p> <p>Kata kunci: <em>Trichoderma</em> sp., <em>V. harveyi</em>, immunostimulan</p>