bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of Parental Recall of Birth Weight, Birth Length and Gestational Age in the Multicenter Cohort Study IDEFICS
Authors: Swenne Annika , Veidebaum Toomas , Tornaritis Michael , Dello Russo Marika , Moreno Luis A. , Molnár Dénes , Mårild Staffan , De Henauw Stefaan , Pigeot Iris , Pohlabeln Hermann 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the reliability of parental recall of birth weight, birth length and gestational age several years after birth.

Methods
Parentally recalled birth parameters were obtained from the European multicentric cohort study IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) and compared to the corresponding data externally recorded in the child’s medical check-up booklet. The agreement between the two sources was examined using Bland–Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficients and Cohen’s kappa for clinically relevant categories. Additionally, logistic regression models were used to identify factors related to parental recall accuracy.

Results
A total of 4930 children aged 2 to 11 years were included. Accuracy of birth weight within 100 g was 88%, 94% of the recalled birth length was within 2 cm, and 99% of the parents could recall with 2 weeks accuracy how many weeks their child was delivered preterm. Discrepancies of more than two weeks or more than 100 g were more likely in parents of low or medium socioeconomic status. Non-biological parents were 3.4 times more likely to have a discrepancy of more than 100 g compared to biological mothers (95% CI 1.7–6.7). Moreover, parents were less likely to accurately recall their child’s birth parameters with increasing number of children within a family.

Conclusions for Practice.
In general, parents’ information matched well with the medical check-up booklet. However, accuracy varied among different groups which should be taken into consideration when using birth data recalled by parents in studies of child health.
The structure of the wave operator in four dimensions in the presence of resonances
Authors: Alexander Angus , Rennie Adam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe show that the wave operators for Schrödinger scattering in $$\mathbb {R}^4$$

R

4

have a particular form which depends on the existence of resonances. As a consequence of this form, we determine the contribution of resonances to the index of the wave operator.
A fast and accurate numerical method for the left tail of sums of independent random variables
Authors: Ben Rached Nadhir , Hoel Håkon , Meo Johannes Vincent 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present a flexible, deterministic numerical method for computing left-tail rare events of sums of non-negative, independent random variables. The method is based on iterative numerical integration of linear convolutions by means of Newtons–Cotes rules. The periodicity properties of convoluted densities combined with the Trapezoidal rule are exploited to produce a robust and efficient method, and the method is flexible in the sense that it can be applied to all kinds of non-negative continuous RVs. We present an error analysis and study the benefits of utilizing Newton–Cotes rules versus the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for numerical integration, showing that although there can be efficiency benefits to using FFT, Newton–Cotes rules tend to preserve the relative error better, and indeed do so at an acceptable computational cost. Numerical studies on problems with both known and unknown rare-event probabilities showcase the method’s performance and support our theoretical findings.
Characterization of the angular coefficient method on 2D and 3D piecewise smooth boundaries
Authors: Calafà Matteo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe angular coefficient method represents a valid and efficient strategy to estimate the distribution of molecules in ultra-high vacuum systems. The problem is described through a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind that is usually solved with standard numerical methods, e.g., the finite element method or the Nyström quadrature method. In this work, we aim to rigorously study the underlying integral equation in order to verify some fundamental mathematical properties and justify the application and behaviour of such numerical methods. In particular, we address to the general scenario where domains are not globally smooth. In such context, boundary corners entail poorly regular integral kernels, which in turn lead to non-Lipschitz solutions and require the adoption of non-standard analysis techniques. By introducing the concept of vacuum-connection, we can establish a methodology to prove the well-posedness of the underlying problem. Furthermore, the undermined regularity of the analytical solution and the consequent lower numerical convergence rate are proved analytically and verified through simple numerical tests.
Acoustic performance prediction by means of a statistical energy analysis of two adjacent workrooms used for conferences and educational proposes
Authors: Zárate-Espinosa Roberto , Ramírez-Reivich Alejandro C. , Ortega Martín , López-Parra Marcelo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current design of workspaces for companies is focused on minimalistic and modern styles prioritizing the aesthetic appearance with illuminated open spaces and the use of glass walls. If the acoustic performance is not considered, inappropriate Reverberation Times (RT) might lead to difficulties for hearing a speaker or teacher during courses and conferences, causing problems in the learning process. Additionally, there might be high sound transmission between adjacent work rooms. This paper presents the development and experimental validation of numerical models using Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) to calculate the sound reduction index through a glass wall that separates two adjacent work rooms. These structures are dedicated to conferences and educational uses but cannot be properly used due to their high sound transmission and inappropriate reverberant time. The sound insulation prediction results are validated with experimental measurements carried out in the adjacent rooms under the standard ISO-140. Afterwards, a SEA model is used to provide some acoustic correction design guidelines for these types of constructions. To improve the acoustical performance in the rooms, the acoustic effects of different absorbent panels placed on the walls and ceiling were investigated, choosing a suitable material that complies with the recommended ranges of RT and with less amount of absorption area. The SEA model is then used to understand the effects of openings size between the panels that make up the glass wall on the sound insulation capacity between rooms. Finally, a SEA model is reformulated to quantify the effect of the application of double walls for sound insulation between rooms, which implies the increase of weighted sound reduction index in 9 dB with respect to measured data.
Comprehensive evaluation of ibuprofenate amino acid isopropyl esters: insights into antioxidant activity, cytocompatibility, and cyclooxygenase inhibitory potential
Authors: Perużyńska Magdalena , Nowak Anna , Muzykiewicz-Szymańska Anna , Kucharski Łukasz , Klebeko Joanna , Bilska Karolina , Kopciuch Ewelina , Birger Radosław , Droździk Marek , Ossowicz-Rupniewska Paula 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for pain relief and inflammation management, but there are challenges related to poor solubility and bioavailability. We explored modifications of ibuprofen (IBU) by forming ionic pairs using amino acid alkyl esters to enhance solubility without compromising the ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2). We comprehensively evaluated the pharmacological properties of the IBU derivatives, focusing on antioxidant activity (based on the ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS), biocompatibility (using human dermal fibroblasts), and COX inhibitory potential. The antioxidant activity assays significantly enhanced DPPH scavenging activity for several IBU derivatives, particularly [l-SerOiPr][IBU], suggesting potential therapeutic benefits. There was enhanced cell viability with select derivatives, indicating possible stimulatory effects on cellular proliferation. Finally, predominant COX-1 inhibition across derivatives was consistent with IBU’s profile. This study provides insights into the pharmacological properties of IBU amino acid derivatives, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents. Further exploration into structure–activity relationships and in vivo efficacy warranted to advance these derivatives toward clinical applications, offering prospects for novel NSAIDs with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects.
Feasibility of Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance With Absurdly Long Excitation Pulses
Authors: Larsen Jakob Juul , Kass M. Andy , Grombacher Denys , Griffiths Matthew P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe common understanding in surface nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is that the excitation pulse should be kept much shorter than the NMR relaxation times for an effective excitation. We present analytic, numerical, and experimental evidence demonstrating that this need not be so, and surface NMR signals can be retrieved even for absurdly long excitation pulses. We solve the Bloch equations in the limit of infinitely long excitation and use this result to demonstrate that a measurable magnetization can be obtained with long excitation pulses. We perform numerical simulations of the Bloch equations incorporating effects of relaxation‐during‐pulse, and our results suggest that long excitation pulses can be used to increase the depth of investigation, but that the spatial resolution of long pulse excitation is low. Data collected in Kompedal, Denmark using up to 3 s long excitation pulses provide experimental proof for the feasibility of long pulse surface NMR.
Imaging the May 2024 Extreme Aurora With Ionospheric Total Electron Content
Authors: Foster J. C. , Erickson P. J. , Nishimura Y. , Zhang S. R. , Bush D. C. , Coster A. J. , Meade P. E. , Franco‐Diaz E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe continental United States is well instrumented with facilities for mid‐latitude upper atmosphere research that operate on a continuous basis. In addition, citizen scientists provide a wealth of information when unusual events occur. We combine ionospheric total electron content (TEC) data from distributed arrays of GNSS receivers, magnetometer chains, and auroral observations obtained by citizen scientists, to provide a detailed view of the intense auroral breakup and westward surge occurring at the peak of the 10–11 May 2024 extreme geomagnetic storm. Over a 20‐min interval, vertical TEC (vTEC) increased at unusually low latitude (∼45°) and rapidly expanded azimuthally across the continent. Individual receiver/satellite data sets indicate sharp bursts of greatly elevated of vTEC (∼50 TECu). Intense red aurora was co‐located with the leading edge of the equatorward and westward TEC enhancements, indicating that the large TEC enhancement was created by extremely intense low‐energy precipitation during the rapid substorm breakup.
The Deep Western Boundary Current of the Southwest Pacific Basin: Insights From Deep Argo
Authors: Chandler Mitchell , Zilberman Nathalie V. , Sprintall Janet 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe deep western boundary current (DWBC) of the Southwest Pacific Basin (SWPB) is the main pathway through which the deep and bottom waters formed around Antarctica are transported northward and distributed throughout the Pacific Ocean. However, historical observations of this current are sparse. Here, we used an unprecedented number of deep‐ocean observations collected by Deep Argo floats since 2016 to examine temperature, salinity, and velocity in the DWBC of the SWPB. Deep Argo trajectory velocities were fastest along the western side of the Kermadec Trench, with an average velocity of m s−1. Trajectories confirmed the existence of a tight recirculation on the eastern side of the Kermadec Trench ( m s−1). This recirculation was likewise seen in an independent eddy‐resolving ocean reanalysis. For the DWBC within the northern Kermadec Trench (26–30°S), Deep Argo profiles and the ocean reanalysis demonstrated seasonal isopycnal heaving of the deep‐ocean that was likely driven by local Ekman pumping and may influence seasonal DWBC transport. At the northern end of the Kermadec Trench, the deep‐ocean salinity maximum was eroded as the DWBC exited the trench to the north through the Louisville Seamount Chain collision zone, thus revealing a previously unidentified region of enhanced deep‐ocean mixing. Although Deep Argo observations accurately estimated vertical turbulent diffusivity in the Samoan Passage (6.1 10−3 to 1.57 10−2 m2 s−1), mixing within the Louisville Seamount Chain collision zone was not due solely to vertical turbulent diffusivity. A global Deep Argo array could reveal wind‐driven seasonal heaving and unexplored deep‐ocean mixing hotspots in other DWBCs.
Phosphorus Speciation, Migration and Transformation in Seawater and Sediments and Potential Role in Starfish Outbreaks of the Xisha Islands, Northern South China Sea
Authors: Ning Zhiming , Liu Zhijin , Yu Kefu , Yang Bin , Huang Xueyong , Jiang Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPeriodic outbreaks of crown‐of‐thorns starfish have led to severe coral reef degradation, with one hypothesized cause being eutrophication. Phosphorus (P) is one of the driving factors for eutrophication, but researches on the spatiotemporal distributions of P in coral reefs are limited, impeding our understanding of the P cycling in coral reefs and its correlation with starfish outbreaks. This study undertook an analysis of various P species, migration and transformation in seawater, sediments, and crown‐of‐thorns starfish within the coral reefs of the Xisha Islands, northern South China Sea. The results show that in seawater, P predominantly existed in the dissolved phase, with organic P constituting the largest fraction (>67%). Conversely, in sediments, P primarily existed as inorganic form (43%−95%), with calcium‐bound P comprising the majority (26%−46%). Notably, exchangeable P accounted for a relatively smaller fraction (9%−20%) but played a significant role as a source of P released from sediments into seawater (0.01−0.17 mmol m−2 hr−1). During starfish outbreaks, starfish (1,000 individuals per hectare) assimilated P from seawater via phytoplankton or corals, resulting in substantial accumulation of both organic and inorganic P in their tissues (69−315 μmol g−1). Meanwhile, starfish excretion released P back into the seawater, which contributes to the migration and transformation of various P forms. Historical data also show a close relationship between P content and starfish density. These findings highlight the interactions between starfish and P cycling within coral reefs, and provide valuable insights into conservation and restoration on coral reefs, especially those severely affected by starfish outbreaks.
Phytoplankton Response to the Record‐Breaking Marine Heatwave in the Summer of 2020 in the South China Sea
Authors: Zheng Jingjing , Xiu Peng , Zeng Lili , Zhu Xueming , Ji Xuanlian , Gao Shan , Li Zhijie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA record‐breaking marine heatwave (MHW) occurred in the South China Sea (SCS) during the summer of 2020, causing substantial ecological impacts, while its influence on phytoplankton dynamics remains unknown. Here we employed a regionally optimized physical‐biogeochemical model to examine the phytoplankton response to this event. An analysis of the mixed‐layer heat budget in the MHW region revealed that the MHW was driven by enhanced shortwave radiation and reduced horizontal advection of cold water, associated with weakened upwelling off the coast of Vietnam. For phytoplankton, average surface chlorophyll‐a (Chla) concentrations during the MHW experienced a significant decline in June and July, and a slight reduction in September compared to normal conditions, which can be attributed to reduced horizontal advection of nutrients associated with weakened upwelling. Furthermore, we found that the reduction in depth‐integrated Chla in the euphotic zone was much smaller during the MHW due to the increase in subsurface Chla, which was also attributable to the changed lateral transport. This study highlights the importance of non‐local effects of MHWs on phytoplankton distributions in the SCS.
How Does the East Siberian Sea Ice Affect the June Drought Over Northwest China After 2000?
Authors: Liu Yang , Sun Jianqi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChanges in Arctic sea ice have exerted remarkably effects on the Eurasian climates, but it is unclear whether Arctic sea ice also contributes to Northwest China's ongoing summer drought. This study investigates the influence of the interannual variability of Arctic sea ice on the June drought in Northwest China from 1979 to 2021. It reveals that the early‐autumn sea ice in the East Siberian Sea is correlated with drought conditions in June in Northwest China, with a more pronounced connection during the period of 2000/2001–2020/2021 (P2) compared to 1979/1980–1999/2000 (P1). Mitigated drought in Northwest China is associated with anomalously high sea ice concentration (SIC) in the East Siberian Sea. Further analysis suggests that the strengthened link may be due to greater SIC variability in the East Siberian Sea during P2 than P1. In P2, positive early‐autumn SIC anomaly is linked to anomalous northeasterly winds, promoting drier soil and widespread cooling in the East European Plain. This dry soil signal may persist into the ensuing spring and early summer, inducing an anticyclonic circulation anomaly over Siberia, which could facilitate the water vapor convergence in Northwest China, thereby enhancing humidity conditions in the region. The insights from this study could offer valuable information for improved prediction of droughts in Northwest China.
Evaluation of Leaf Phenology of Different Vegetation Types From Local to Hemispheric Scale in CLM
Authors: Li Xiaolu , Carrillo Carlos M. , Ault Toby , Richardson Andrew D. , Friedl Mark A. , Frolking Steve 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccurate simulation of plant phenology is important in Earth system models as phenology modulates land‐atmosphere coupling and the carbon cycle. Evaluations based on grid cell average leaf area index (LAI) can be misleading because multiple plant functional types (PFTs) may be present in one model grid cell and PFTs with different phenology schemes have different LAI seasonal cycles. Here we examined PFT‐specific LAI magnitudes and seasonal cycles in the Community Land Model versions 5.0 and 4.5 (CLM5.0 and CLM4.5) and their relationship with the onset of growing season triggers in the Northern Hemisphere. LAI seasonal cycle and spring onset in CLM show the best agreement with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for temperature‐dominated deciduous PFTs. Although the agreement in LAI magnitude between CLM5.0 and MODIS is better than CLM4.5, the agreement in seasonal cycles is worse in CLM5.0. Agreements between CLM and MODIS leaf phenology are primarily determined by the PFT and phenology scheme. While productivity depends on the environmental factors to which the plant is exposed during any given growing season, differences in phenology sensitivity to its environment necessitate a decoupling between the seasonality of LAI and GPP, which in turn could lead to biases in the carbon cycle as well as surface energy balance and hence land‐atmosphere interactions. Because the discrepancy not only depends on parameterizing phenology but phenology‐environment relationship, future improvements to other model components (e.g., soil moisture) could better align the seasonal cycle of LAI and GPP.
Distinguishing the Impacts and Gradient Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Vegetation Cover in the Weihe River Basin, China
Authors: Lv Wen‐Bo , Liu Fang‐Mei , Cai Kai , Cao Yue , Deng Meng‐Ling , Liang Wei , Yan Jian‐Wu , Wang Guang‐Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVegetation cover is crucial for ecosystem stability, responding sensitively to climate change and human activities, and is prone to irreversible degradation. However, the mechanisms driving vegetation variations due to natural and anthropogenic factors still need to be fully understood. This study focused on the Weihe River Basin to elucidate the response mechanism of vegetation cover change to climate change and human activities from 2001 to 2020. Long time‐series multi‐source data were combined with a pixel dichotomy model, Theil–Sen median trend analysis, and Mann‐Kendall test to examine the trends and delineate five gradients in vegetation cover change. Additionally, Extreme Gradient Boosting, the Shapley value, and a structural equation model were employed to investigate the multidimensional response of vegetation cover in the basin as a whole and different vegetation cover gradients. The results revealed a general upward trend in vegetation coverage in the Weihe River Basin from 2001 to 2020. Topographic conditions and human activities were identified as primary influencers. Notably, accounting for climate change, particularly about changes in maximum climatic variables, was found to be essential, with temperature changes exerting a greater impact on vegetation cover variations compared to precipitation changes. The interaction between human activities, climate change, and topographic conditions can alter the intensity of each factor’s effect. The direction of indicators mentioned above varied across the vegetation cover gradients, emphasizing the need for localized strategies to improve vegetation. These findings offer valuable insights into ecological protection and vegetation restoration in the Weihe River Basin.
Multiphase Reactions of Hydrocarbons Into an Air Quality Model With CAMx‐UNIPAR: Impacts of Humidity and NOx on Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in the Southern USA
Authors: Jo Yujin , Jang Myoseon , Madhu Azad , Choi Jiwon , Park Jinsoo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSecondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass in the Southern USA during winter‐spring 2022 was simulated by integrating Comprehensive Air quality Model with extensions (CAMx) with the UNIfied Partitioning‐Aerosol phase Reaction (UNIPAR) model, which predicts SOA formation via multiphase reactions of hydrocarbons. UNIPAR streamlines multiphase partitioning of oxygenated products and their heterogeneous reactions by using explicitly predicted products originating from 10 aromatics, 3 biogenics, and linear/branched alkanes (C9‐C24). UNIPAR simulations were compared with those using Secondary Organic Aerosol Partitioning (SOAP) model, which uses simple surrogate products for each precursor. Both UNIPAR and SOAP showed similar tendencies in SOA mass but slightly underpredicted against observations at given five ground sites. However, SOA compositions and their sensitivity to environmental variables (sunlight, humidity, NOx, and SO2) were different between two models. In CAMx‐UNIPAR, SOA originated predominantly from alkanes, terpenes, and isoprene, and was influenced by humidity, showing high SOA concentrations with wet‐inorganic salts, which accelerated aqueous reactions of reactive organic products. NO2 was positively correlated with biogenic SOA because elevated levels of nitrate radicals and hygroscopic nitrate aerosol effectively oxidized biogenic hydrocarbons at night and promoted SOA growth via organic heterogeneous chemistry, respectively. Anthropogenic SOA, which formed mainly via daytime oxidation with OH radicals, was weakly and negatively correlated with NO2 in cities. In CAMx‐UNIPAR, the sensitivity of SOA to aerosol acidity (neutral vs. acidic aerosol at cation/anion = 0.62) was dominated by isoprene SOA. The reduction of NOx emissions could effectively mitigate SOA burdens in the Southern USA where biogenic hydrocarbons are abundant.