bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INCLUSION CRITERIA UPDATE OF THE INTRALUMINAL ISCHEMIC MODEL IN RAT FOR PRECLINICAL STUDIES
Authors: Fernández Susavila Héctor , Iglesias Rey Ramón , Dopico López Antonio , Pérez Mato María , Sobrino Moreira Tomás , Castillo Sánchez José , Campos Pérez Francisco 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA proper occlusion of the medial cerebral artery (MCA) determined by laser Doppler during cerebral ischemia in rat models is an important inclusion criteria in experimental studies. However, a successful occlusion of the artery does not always guarantee a reproducible infarct volume which is critical to validate the efficacy of new protective drugs. In this study, we have compared the variability of infarct size in ischemic animals when the artery occlusion is monitored with laser Doppler alone and in combination with MRI during artery occlusion. Infarct volume determined at 24 hours was compared between animals with laser Doppler monitoring alone and in combination with MR angiography (MRA) and diffusion weighted images (DWI). Twenty-eight animals presented a successful occlusion and reperfusion determined by Doppler monitoring with an infarct size at 24 hours of 16.71±11.58%. However, when artery occlusion and infarct damage were analyzed in these animals by MRA and DWI, 15 animals were excluded and only 13 animals were included based on Doppler and MRI inclusion criteria, with an infarct size of 21.65±6.15% at 24 hours. These results show that laser Doppler monitoring is needed but not enough to guarantee a reproducible infarct volume in rat ischemic model.Summary statementLaser Doppler monitoring in combination with DWI and MR angiography represents a reliable inclusion protocol during ischemic surgery for the analysis of protective drugs in the acute phase of stroke.
Mutational biases influence parallel adaptation
Authors: Stoltzfus Arlin , McCandlish David M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhile mutational biases strongly influence neutral molecular evolution, the role of mutational biases in shaping the course of adaptation is less clear. Here we consider the frequency of transitions relative to transversions among adaptive substitutions. Because mutation rates for transitions are higher than those for transversions, if mutational biases influence the dynamics of adaptation, then transitions should be over-represented among documented adaptive substitutions. To test this hypothesis, we assembled a dataset of putatively adaptive amino acid substitutions that have occurred in parallel during evolution in nature or in the laboratory. We find that the frequency of transitions in this dataset is much higher than would be predicted under a null model where mutation has no effect. Our results are qualitatively similar even if we restrict ourself to changes that have occurred, not merely twice, but three or more times. These results suggest that the course of adaptation is biased by mutation.
Identification of a Novel GeneargJinvolved in Arginine Biosynthesis Critical for Persister Formation inStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Yee Rebecca , Cui Peng , Xu Tao , Shi Wanliang , Feng Jie , Zhang Wenhong , Zhang Ying 
Published: March 2017

AbstractStaphylococcus aureuscan cause both acute and recurrent persistent infections such as peritonitis, endocarditis, abscess, osteomyelitis, and chronic wound infections. An effective treatment to eradicate the persistent disease is still lacking as the mechanisms ofS. aureuspersistence are poorly understood. In this study, we performed a comprehensive and unbiased high-throughput mutant screen usingS. aureusUSA300 and identifiedargJ,encoding an acetyltransferase in the arginine biosynthesis pathway, whose mutation produced a significant defect in persister formation in multiple drugs and stresses. Genetic complementation and arginine supplementation restored persistence in the ArgJ mutant. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that thearggenes were over-expressed under drug stressed conditions and in stationary phase cultures. In addition, the ArgJ mutant had attenuated virulence in bothC. elegansand mouse models of infection. Our studies identify a novel mechanism of persistence mediated by arginine metabolism inS. aureus.These findings will not only provide new insights about the mechanisms ofS. aureuspersistence but also offer novel therapeutic targets that may help to develop more effective treatment of persistentS. aureusinfections.
Global value chains and liberalization of trade in services
Authors: Ishido Hikari 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address the importance of establishing global value chains (GVCs) through the liberalization of trade in services, with the Republic of Korea comprising part of these value chains.

Design/methodology/approach
The construction of a database has revealed rather disconnected policy arrangements across Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) members in terms of service trade liberalization.

Findings
Although the economic benefits arising from harmonized and liberalized policies across APEC members are widely recognized in the business sector, the relevant policy coordination seems to be missing.

Research limitations/implications
With this status quo in mind, APEC could work on establishing its own harmonized “service trade commitment table” centering on simple foreign capital participation criteria. This would surely contribute to forming an APEC-wide GVC surrounding Korea, which actively aims to expand its economic ties in the Asia-Pacific region.

Originality/value
The comparison of WTO-based and free trade agreement-based service trade commitments by APEC members (including Korea) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations ten members is an original research area, with many policy implications for Korea in the Asia-Pacific Region.
I’ll laugh, but I won’t share
Authors: Lee Seung Hwan (Mark) , Brandt Alan , Groff Yuni , Lopez Alyssa , Neavin Tyler 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the experience of darkness on people’s evaluation of humorous taboo-themed ads and their willingness to share these ads digitally with others.Design/methodology/approachMultiple studies are conducted to demonstrate the connection between darkness and humor. Another experiment was conducted to investigate people’s willingness to share taboo-themed ads.FindingsThe results demonstrate that people in dark settings (vs light) found controversial, taboo-themed ads to be more humorous. Three studies demonstrate that people in the dark (vs light) condition found taboo-themed ads to be more humorous. More importantly, despite finding taboo-themed ads to be more humorous, people in dark settings (vs light) were less inclined to share these ads on social media platforms.Practical implicationsWhen using humorous taboo-themed ads, advertisers are encouraged to show these ads in dark settings. If the physical environment is uncontrollable, marketers may still benefit by cueing consumers about darkness (e.g. through their products) or reminding them of nightly activities which may also yield similar effects. However, the cautionary tale is that, although people in the dark may enjoy these ads, they may not be willing to share it with others.Originality/valueMarketers utilize taboo-themed ads to increase consumer interest. Despite its controversial content, darkness enhances people’s evaluation toward these taboo-themed ads. However, if one of the goals of advertisers is to create an ad that is amenable to sharing, developing a humorous taboo-themed ad may not be the most rewarding strategy.
Brand community integration and satisfaction with social media sites: a comparative study
Authors: Clark Melissa , Black Hulda G. , Judson Kimberly 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to address two primary research questions: Why does a consumer integrate into a brand community and how does that impact overall satisfaction with the brand? Which of the main social media sites (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Pinterest) is more/less appropriate for cultivating a brand community?

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected via an online survey of college students at two universities. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with AMOS software.

Findings
Results suggest that brand community does lead to satisfaction with a social media brand. Consumers are more likely to integrate into a brand community if they view the site as personally relevant. Relevancy is affected by the frequency with which the consumer visits the site. The analysis also indicates that there are interesting differences among the different sites.

Research limitations/implications
This study has some limitations due to the demographics of the respondents and the finite listing of sites.

Practical implications
Social media marketers looking to build brand community and increase satisfaction will be able to use the results of this study to make informed decisions regarding these efforts.

Social implications
Society could benefit from this study if marketers use the findings to engage consumers in brand communities through social media. Brand communities help participants to feel more engaged and connected to others. It is well known that people thrive in community settings and this togetherness, as opposed to isolation, will be good for the participants and society in general.

Originality/value
The understanding of why a consumer would integrate into a brand community is valuable information because it is generally known and accepted that there are positive results for the brand, but this study takes it a step further and looks at the specific social media sites to give guidance to marketing practitioners as to which ones are best for brand community building.
The ‘third way’ and the politics of law and order: Explaining differences in law and order policies between Blair's New Labour and Schröder's SPD
Authors: WENZELBURGER GEORG , STAFF HELGE 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAdvocating more repressive law and order policies along the slogan ‘tough on crime, tough on the causes of crime’ in their election manifesto, Tony Blair in the United Kingdom and Gerhard Schröder in Germany were elected in the late 1990s. Once in power, however, only New Labour substantially toughened law and order policies, whereas the German Social Democrats did not change the legal status quo, to a similar extent, during their mandate. This article tackles this puzzle, arguing that the preferences of the ministers and the formal and informal rules shaping the balance of power in government are crucial to understanding why two governments that initially advocated similar policies adopted a rather different policy stance. The results are based on meticulous process tracing and a series of elite interviews concerning two major topics in the realm of law and order during the 1990s: policies directed at sexual offenders, and policies responding to the terrorist attacks of 9/11.
Failed expectations: Quality of government and support for populist parties in Europe
Authors: AGERBERG MATTIAS 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article addresses an issue previously neglected in the research on support for populist parties: How do perceptions of the local quality of government (QoG) and local service delivery affect voters’ propensity to vote for a populist party? It argues that personal experience with poor QoG makes voters more likely to support populist parties. The argument highlights the interplay between supply and demand factors in explaining populist support and discusses why populist parties have been particularly successful in certain regions in Europe. A unique dataset from the Quality of Government Institute that surveys citizens’ perception of QoG in their area is used to estimate both individual‐ and regional‐level models of the link between perceived local QoG and populist support in Europe. The empirical results show a strong and robust association between within‐country variation in QoG and support for populist parties.
Preparation of Artificial Blood from the Extract of Legume Root Nodules, and the Creation of Artificial Latent Fingermarks in Blood Using Artificial Blood,
Authors: Hong Sungwook , Kim Chaewon , Jeon Soyoung , Lee Eunhye 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDistribution of homogeneous fingermarks in blood is essential for conducting proficiency tests in forensic science. Hence, the artificial blood was prepared using the root nodule extract of Glycine max plants. The reactivity of the artificial blood with widely used human blood detection reagents was tested. Artificial latent fingermarks in blood were printed using an inkjet cartridge case filled with artificial blood solution. The artificial latent fingermarks in blood were developed with amino acid‐sensitive reagents and could obtain development as prominent as the image of the master fingermark saved on the computer. Therefore, it has been confirmed that the extract of legume root nodules can be used as artificial blood, and the artificial blood can be used for the preparation of artificial latent fingermarks or footmarks in blood.
Choroideremia: melanopsin‐mediated postillumination pupil relaxation is abnormally slow
Authors: Ba‐Ali Shakoor , Christensen Søren Kirchhoff , Sander Birgit , Rosenberg Thomas , Larsen Michael , Lund‐Andersen Henrik 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the rod–cone and melanopsin pupillary light response (PLR) pathways in choroideremia.MethodsEight patients with choroideremia and 18 healthy age‐matched controls underwent chromatic pupillometry by applying blue (463 nm) and red light (643 nm) at 100 lux intensity to the right eye while recording pupil diameters. Absolute baseline pupil size (mm), normalized maximal pupil constriction and the early and late postillumination pupillary dilation, from 0 to 10 seconds and 10 to 30 seconds after the end of illumination, respectively, were determined. Postillumination responses to blue light were considered to be primarily driven by melanopsin activation of the intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cells.ResultsBaseline pupil diameters were comparable in patients with choroideremia and control subjects (p = 0.48). The maximum pupil constriction in patients with choroideremia was severely weakened in red light but only mildly weakened in blue light (p < 0.05). Postillumination dilation of the pupil was normal after red illumination but extremely protracted after blue illumination. Also, in contrast to healthy subjects, no abrupt change in the dilation curve was seen in the patients after the end of blue illumination, the early‐phase dilation being completely abolished (p < 0.01).ConclusionRod–cone‐driven pupil responses were decreased as expected in an outer retinal degeneration, and near‐normal pupil constriction in blue light supports that the melanopsin system is normal. In contrast, the lack of brisk early‐phase dilation after blue illumination in choroideremia is remarkable and may be interpreted to mean that the absence of photoreceptor inhibition promotes a tonic contraction of the pupil.
Self‐reported sleep disturbance and survival in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Luskin Marlise R. , Cronin Angel M. , Owens Robert L. , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Stone Richard M. , Wadleigh Martha , Steensma David P. , Abel Gregory A. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryNeither the prevalence of sleep disturbance nor its association with fatigue and overall survival (OS) are well understood for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). New patients at our institution (n = 251; 2006–2014) completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, which includes questions about sleep and fatigue. Fifty‐three per cent reported at least ‘a little’ trouble sleeping. In multivariable models, anaemia and sleep disturbance were associated with fatigue (both P < 0·001). Additionally, in separate models, sleep disturbance (P = 0·002) and fatigue (P = 0·04) both predicted OS. Our data suggest that improving sleep quality may impact MDS‐related fatigue and OS.
Inferring Beliefs and Desires From Emotional Reactions to Anticipated and Observed Events
Authors: Wu Yang , Schulz Laura E. 
Published: March 2017

Researchers have long been interested in the relation between emotion understanding and theory of mind. This study investigates a cue to mental states that has rarely been investigated: the dynamics of valenced emotional expressions. When the valence of a character's facial expression was stable between an expected and observed outcome, children (N = 122; M = 5.0 years) recovered the character's desires but did not consistently recover her beliefs. When the valence changed, older but not younger children recovered both the characters’ beliefs and desires. In contrast, adults jointly recovered agents’ beliefs and desires in all conditions. These results suggest that the ability to infer mental states from the dynamics of emotional expressions develops gradually through early and middle childhood.
Immunomodulatory glc/man-directedDolichos lablablectin (DLL) evokes anti-tumour responsein vivoby counteracting angiogenic gene expressions
Authors: Vigneshwaran V , Thirusangu P , Vijay Avin B R , Krishna V , Pramod S N , Prabhakar B T 
Published: March 2017

SummaryNeovascularization and jeopardized immunity has been critically emphasized for the establishment of malignant progression. Lectins are the diverse class of carbohydrate interacting proteins, having great potential as immunopotentiating and anti-cancer agents. The present investigation sought to demonstrate the anti-proliferative activity of Dolichos lablab lectin (DLL) encompassing immunomodulatory attributes. DLL specific to glucose and mannose carbohydrate moieties has been purified to homogeneity from the common dietary legume D. lablab. Results elucidated that DLL agglutinated blood cells non-specifically and displayed striking mitogenicity to human and murine lymphocytes in vitro with interleukin (IL)-2 production. The DLL-conditioned medium exerted cytotoxicity towards malignant cells and neoangiogenesis in vitro. Similarly, in-vivo anti-tumour investigation of DLL elucidated the regressed proliferation of ascitic and solid tumour cells, which was paralleled with blockade of tumour neovasculature. DLL-treated mice showed an up-regulated immunoregulatory cytokine IL-2 in contrast to severely declined levels in control mice. Mechanistic validation revealed that DLL has abrogated the microvessel formation by weakening the proangiogenic signals, specifically nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1 α), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and 9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in malignant cells leading to tumour regression. In summary, it is evident that the dietary lectin DLL potentially dampens the malignant establishment by mitigating neoangiogenesis and immune shutdown. For the first time, to our knowledge, this study illustrates the critical role of DLL as an immunostimulatory and anti-angiogenic molecule in cancer therapeutics.
Neurotropin® alleviates hippocampal neuron damage through a HIF‐1α/MAPK pathway
Authors: Fang Wen‐Li , Zhao De‐Qiang , Wang Fei , Li Mei , Fan Sheng‐Nuo , Liao Wang , Zheng Yu‐Qiu , Liao Shao‐Wei , Xiao Song‐Hua , Luan Ping , Liu Jun 
Published: March 2017

SummaryAimsThe main purpose was to verify the potent capacity of Neurotropin® against neuronal damage in hippocampus and to explore its underlying mechanisms.MethodsHT22 cells were treated with 40 μmol/L Aβ25‐35 in the presence of various concentrations of Neurotropin® or in its absence. The cell viability was assessed with a CCK‐8 assay, and flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis, intracellular ROS levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Aβ plaques were examined by Bielschowsky silver staining, and the activities of antioxidants were detected in hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice after Neurotropin® treatment. The expression of proteins, including HIF‐1α, Bcl‐2, Bax, and MAPKs signaling molecules was evaluated by Western blot.ResultsNeurotropin® significantly reversed the cell injury induced by Aβ25‐35 through increasing cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, decreasing intracellular ROS and cell apoptosis of HT22 cells (P<.05). Furthermore, Neurotropin® markedly reduced the formation of Aβ plaques and upregulated the activities of antioxidants (P<.05). Additionally, the protein expression of HIF‐1α, p‐ERK1/2, p‐JNK, and p‐P38 was significantly inhibited in hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.ConclusionsNeurotropin® exhibited a potent neuroprotective effect on inhibiting Aβ‐induced oxidative damage and alleviating Aβ deposition in hippocampus via modulation of HIF‐1α/MAPK signaling pathway.
Risk factors for incident asthma and COPD in a cohort of young adults
Authors: Traulsen Lisbet Krogh , Bælum Jesper , Halling Anders , Thomsen Gert , Thilsing Trine , Sherson David , Sigsgaard Torben , Omland Øyvind , Malling Tine , Skadhauge Lars Rauff 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the study was to describe potential shared risk factors for incident asthma and COPD in a population‐based, 9‐year follow‐up study.MethodsFrom a cohort of 1191 individuals, aged 20‐44, who participated in baseline survey including spirometry, bronchial challenge, and skin prick test (SPT) 742 subjects (62%) were reexamined at follow‐up in 2012‐2014.ResultsA total of 27 incident cases of asthma and 22 cases of COPD were identified at follow‐up corresponding to an incidence rate of 5.8 (95% CI 3.9‐8.4) and 3.5 (2.2‐5.3) per 1000 person years, respectively. Among the identified COPD cases a total of 12 were Asthma‐COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS). Atopy defined by positive SPT was a risk factor for asthma in males (OR 7.54; 95% CI 1.24‐45.90), whereas risk factors in females were nasal allergy (3.81; 1.20‐12.11), FEV1<100% predicted (3.96; 1.07‐14.62) and parental asthma (3.06; 1.00‐9.40). Risk factors for COPD in males were bronchial hyperresponsiveness (23.13; 1.41‐380.50) and FEV1<100% predicted (all male cases had FEV1<100% predicted) and in females current smoking (3.34; 1.16‐9.59) and asthma at baseline (5.21; 1.48‐18.34).ConclusionsNo shared risk factors for incident asthma and COPD were found. Despite low power when stratifying by sex risk factors for incident asthma and COPD emphasize considerable gender differences.
Association of migraine with asthma risk: A retrospective population‐based cohort study
Authors: Peng Yi‐Hao , Chen Kuan‐Fei , Liao Wei‐Chih , Hsia Te‐Chun , Chen Hsuan‐Ju , Yin Ming‐Chien , Ho Wen‐Chao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundBoth migraine and asthma are common health problems in the general population. However, the association between these two disorders is yet to be fully explored.ObjectiveWe examined whether adult patients with migraine are at a higher risk of asthma development.MethodsWe used data retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan to conduct this nationwide population‐based cohort study. We identified 6647 patients aged 20‐60 years who were newly diagnosed with migraine between 2000 and 2005 for the migraine group and identified 26 588 patients without migraine for the nonmigraine group. Both groups were followed up until the end of 2011 to examine the incidence of asthma. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to measure the hazard ratio (HR) of asthma in the migraine group compared with the nonmigraine group.ResultsThe HR of asthma development was 1.37 (95% confidence interval = 1.21‐1.56) for the migraine group compared with the nonmigraine group after adjustment for age, sex, occupational status, insurance premium, urbanization, comorbidities, and annual outpatient department visits. Further stratified analysis revealed that this risk was also significantly higher for both sexes and in the 40‐ to 60‐year age group. The main limitation of this study was that some relevant data were unavailable, such as pain medication prescriptions and family history of migraine and asthma.ConclusionAdult patients with migraine are at a higher future risk of asthma development.