bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal life support with left ventricular decompression—improved survival in severe cardiogenic shock: results from a retrospective study
Authors: Schmack Bastian , Seppelt Philipp , Weymann Alexander , Alt Christina , Farag Mina , Arif Rawa , Doesch Andreas O. , Raake Philip W. , Kallenbach Klaus , Mansur Ashham , Popov Aron-Frederik , Karck Matthias , Ruhparwar Arjang 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveExtracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a life-saving procedure used in the treatment of severe cardiogenic shock. Within this retrospective single centre study, we examined our experience in this critically ill patient cohort to assess outcomes and clinical parameters by comparison of ECLS with or without selective left ventricular decompression.MethodsBetween 2004 and 2014 we evaluated 48 adult patients with INTERMACS level 1 heart failure (age 49.7 ± 19.5 years), who received either central ECLS with (n = 20, 41.7%) or ECLS without (n = 28, 58.3%, including 10 peripheral ECLS) integrated left ventricular vent in our retrospective single centre trial.ResultsFollow up was 100% with a mean of 0.83 ± 1.85 years. Bridge to ventricular assist device was feasible in 29.2% (n = 14), bridge to transplant in 10.4% (n = 5) and bridge to recovery in 8.3% (n = 4). Overall 30-day survival was 37.5%, 6-month survival 27.1% and 1-year survival 25.0%. ECLS support with left ventricular decompression showed favourable 30-day survival compared to ECLS without left ventricular decompression (p = 0.034). Thirty-day as well as long-term survival did not differ between the subgroups (central ECLS with vent, ECLS without vent and peripheral ECLS without vent). Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and gender revealed ECLS without vent as independent factor influencing 30-day survival.ConclusionECLS is an established therapy for patients in severe cardiogenic shock. Independent of the ECLS approach, 30-day mortality is still high but with superior 30-day survival for patients with ECLS and left ventricular venting. Moreover, by unloading the ventricle, left ventricular decompression may provide an important time window for recovery or further treatment, such as bridge to bridge or bridge to transplant.
Análise do perfil epidemiológico e laboratorial de pacientes com hepatite B crônica naive e em tratamento antiviral em um hospital de referência de Salvador - Bahia
Authors: Campos Mauricio De Souza , Schinoni Maria Isabel , Silva Luciano Kalabric , Pacheco Sildecina Rugieri , Santos Maria Isabel Magalhães Andrade dos 
Published: September 2017

<p><strong>Introdução: </strong>a hepatite B é uma doença provocada pela infecção do vírus da hepatite B (VHB). A infecção pelo HBV pode causar hepatite aguda ou crônica, sendo as duas situações geralmente oligossintomáticas. Fatores comportamentais e genéticos, características demográficas ou concomitância de algumas substâncias tóxicas, aumentam o risco de cirrose e neoplasia primária do fígado, nos portadores crônicos do HBV. O tratamento na hepatite crônica visa reduzir o risco de progressão da doença hepática e de seus desfechos primários, especificamente cirrose, hepatocarcinoma e, conseqüentemente, o óbito <strong>Objetivo: </strong>descrever as características epidemiológicas, marcadores sorológicos da infecção pelo HBV e marcadores bioquímicos de pacientes com HB crônica tratados e <em>naives</em> em um hospital público de referência na Bahia. <strong>Metodologia:</strong> estudo descritivo analítico, com amostra de conveniência. Foram analisados soros de 57 indivíduos monoinfectados com diagnóstico de hepatite B crônica e categorizados em grupo 1: pacientes em tratamento antiviral (n=24) e grupo 2: pacientes infectados <em>naive (n=</em>33). <strong>Resultados:</strong> o número de mulheres infectadas foi maior que o de homens. A terceira e quinta décadas de vida apresentaram maior prevalência de casos, somando 37% do total. O maior percentual de infectados se declararam viúvos(as), proveniente da zona urbana e de etnia parda ou negra. A maioria dos pacientes apresentaram níveis normais de marcadores bioquímicos.<strong> </strong><strong>Conclusão: </strong>a avaliação da resposta terapêutica contra a hepatite B crônica continua sendo um desafio para medicos e pesquisadores e o conhecimento do perfil epidemiológico e dos marcadores bioquímicos são dados relevantes para o acompanhamento da eficácia do tratamento.</p>
Thyroid stimulating hormone isn’t a sensitive indicator of iodine nutritional status in schoolchildren
Authors: Campos Renata De Oliveira , Silva Júnior Joaquim Custódio , Ramos Elton Estrela 
Published: September 2017

<p><strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong><em> iodine deficiency </em><em>disorders (IDD)</em><em> </em><em>are most common cause of preventable brain damage, mental retardation and stunted growth in children</em><em> worldwide. Several indicators are complementary to urinary iodine concentration (UIC) for assessing iodine nutritional status, as thyroid size, thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in the blood.</em><strong><em> Objective:</em></strong><em> </em><em>analyze TSH in filter paper blood values and correlate with UIC in schoolchildren from public school at state of Bahia, Brazil</em><em>. <strong>Methodology: </strong></em><em>cross-sectional study was conducted in 880 schoolchildren aged 6-14 years, randomly selected, of public schools in five cities of four micro-regions of Bahia between October 2013 and September 2014. TSH was analyzed in filter-paper blood and UIC were measured by adapted Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. </em><strong><em>Results:</em></strong><em> 880 blood samples on filter-paper were analyzed for TSH. The reference range previously established is 0.72 to 6.0 </em><em>μ</em><em>UI/mL</em><em>. Results of this research TSH dosage ranged from 0.24 </em><em>μ</em><em>IU/L to</em><em> 7.71 </em><em>μ</em><em>IU/L,</em><em> with a mean of 1.01±0.55 </em><em>μ</em><em>UI/L</em><em> and median 0.89 </em><em>μ</em><em>UI/L</em><em>. Only one child presented TSH greater than 6.0 (7.71 </em><em>μ</em><em>IU/L); however, results of urinary iodine were consistent with a more than adequate nutrition iodine (243.70</em><em>μ</em><em>g/L). There’ no correlation between TSH and UIC (r= 0.115; p= 0.002)</em><em>.</em><em> </em><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong><em> in the present study, schoolchildren showed low values of TSH, but the mean UIC was indicative of adequate iodine nutrition</em><em>.</em><em></em></p>
Holocene Paleointensity of the Island of Hawai `i From Glassy Volcanics
Authors: Cromwell G. , Trusdell F. , Tauxe L. , Staudigel H. , Ron H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study presents new high‐quality paleointensity records and 14C radiocarbon age determinations from the Island of Hawai `i during the Holocene. Previous studies on Hawai `i use experimental methods and statistical selection criteria that may produce inaccurate geomagnetic field strength estimates. Additional high‐quality paleointensity results can be used to evaluate the existing Hawaiian data set and investigate Holocene geomagnetic field behavior. New paleointensity sites from 22 lava flows were calculated using the IZZI‐Thellier laboratory technique and a strict set of selection criteria. Rapidly cooled, glassy volcanic material was collected for all sites. Isotopic age determinations range from 270 to >10, 000 years before present (nine new 14C ages are also presented as part of this study). The median intensity for the 22 flows is 47.5 μT, with a median absolute deviation uncertainty of 5.6 μT; substantially greater than the present‐day field strength at Hawai `i (~36 μT). These new results are comparable to previously published data from this location and are consistent with global paleointensity models. There is no evidence of an intensity “spike” at 3,000 years before present, as seen in the Levant and elsewhere. Previously published data vary in intensity by experimental technique relative to data using glassy material and strict selection criteria. Non‐Thellier‐type data are biased low, a result of these techniques estimating intensity from possibly nonsingle domain magnetic carriers. Thellier‐Thellier data are biased high, the reasons for which remain unclear as no cooling rate effect was demonstrated, and we were unable to reproduce the high bias with different selection criteria.
Paleoproterozoic Geomagnetic Field Strength From the Avanavero Mafic Sills, Amazonian Craton, Brazil
Authors: Di Chiara A. , Muxworthy A. R. , Trindade R. I. F. , Bispo‐Santos F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA recent hypothesis has suggested that Earth's inner core nucleated during the Mesoproterozoic, as evidenced by a rapid increase in the paleointensity (ancient geomagnetic field intensity) record; however, paleointensity data during the Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic period are limited. To address this problem, we have determined paleointensity from samples from three Paleoproterozoic Avanavero mafic sills (Amazonian Craton, Brazil): Cotingo, 1,782 Ma, Puiuà, 1,788 Ma, and Pedra Preta, 1,795 Ma. We adopted a multiprotocol approach for paleointensity estimates combining Thellier‐type IZZI and LTD‐IZZI methods, and the nonheating Preisach protocol. We obtained an average VDM value of 1.3 ± 0.7 × 1022Am2 (Cotingo) of 2.0 ± 0.4 × 1022Am2 (Puiuà) and 6 ± 4 × 1022Am2 (Pedra Preta); it is argued that the Cotingo estimate is the most robust. Our results are the first data from the upper Paleoproterozoic for South America and are comparable to data available from other regions and similar periods. The new data do not invalidate the hypothesis of that Earth's inner core nucleated during the Mesoproterozoic.
How Important Is Connectivity for Surface Water Fluxes? A Generalized Expression for Flow Through Heterogeneous Landscapes
Authors: Larsen Laurel G. , Ma Jie , Kaplan David 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHow important is hydrologic connectivity for surface water fluxes through heterogeneous floodplains, deltas, and wetlands? While significant for management, this question remains poorly addressed. Here we adopt spatial resistance averaging, based on channel and patch configuration metrics quantifiable from aerial imagery, to produce an upscaled rate law for discharge. Our model suggests that patch coverage largely controls discharge sensitivity, with smaller effects from channel connectivity and vegetation patch fractal dimension. However, connectivity and patch configuration become increasingly important near the percolation threshold and at low water levels. These effects can establish positive feedbacks responsible for substantial flow change in evolving landscapes (14–36%, in our Everglades case study). Connectivity also interacts with other drivers; flow through poorly connected hydroscapes is less resilient to perturbations in other drivers. Finally, we found that flow through heterogeneous patches is alone sufficient to produce non‐Manning flow–depth relationships commonly observed in wetlands but previously attributed to depth‐varying roughness.
Seasonal Variation of High‐Latitude Geomagnetic Activity in Individual Years
Authors: Tanskanen E. I. , Hynönen R. , Mursula K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe study the seasonal variation of high‐latitude geomagnetic activity in individual years in 1966–2014 (solar cycles 20–24) by identifying the most active and the second most active season based on westward electrojet indices AL (1966–2014) and IL (1995–2014). The annual maximum is found at either equinox in two thirds and at either solstice in one third of the years examined. The traditional two‐equinox maximum pattern is found in roughly one fourth of the years. We found that the seasonal variation of high‐latitude geomagnetic activity closely follows the solar wind speed. While the mechanisms leading to the two‐equinox maxima pattern are in operation, the long‐term change of solar wind speed tends to mask the effect of these mechanisms for individual years. Large cycle‐to‐cycle variation is found in the seasonal pattern: equinox maxima are more common during cycles 21 and 22 than in cycles 23 or 24. Exceptionally long winter dominance in high‐latitude activity and solar wind speed is seen in the declining phase of cycle 23, after the appearance of the long‐lasting low‐latitude coronal hole.
Estimates of Ionospheric Transport and Ion Loss at Mars
Authors: Cravens T. E. , Hamil O. , Houston S. , Bougher S. , Ma Y. , Brain D. , Ledvina S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIon loss from the topside ionosphere of Mars associated with the solar wind interaction makes an important contribution to the loss of volatiles from this planet. Data from NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission combined with theoretical modeling are now helping us to understand the processes involved in the ion loss process. Given the complexity of the solar wind interaction, motivation exists for considering a simple approach to this problem and for understanding how the loss rates might scale with solar wind conditions and solar extreme ultraviolet irradiance. This paper reviews the processes involved in the ionospheric dynamics. Simple analytical and semiempirical expressions for ion flow speeds and ion loss are derived. In agreement with more sophisticated models and with purely empirical studies, it is found that the oxygen loss rate from ion transport is about 5% (i.e., global O ion loss rate of Qion ≈ 4 × 1024 s−1) of the total oxygen loss rate. The ion loss is found to approximately scale as the square root of the solar ionizing photon flux and also as the square root of the solar wind dynamic pressure. Typical ion flow speeds are found to be about 1 km/s in the topside ionosphere near an altitude of 300 km on the dayside. Not surprisingly, the plasma flow speed is found to increase with altitude due to the decreasing ion‐neutral collision frequency.
Droplet‐Templated Antisolvent Spherical Crystallization of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Drugs with an in situ Formed Binder
Authors: Gu Tonghan , Yeap Eunice W. Q. , Cao Zheng , Ng Denise Z. L. , Ren Yinying , Chen Ran , Khan Saif A. , Hatton T. Alan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study presents a novel droplet‐templated antisolvent spherical crystallization method applicable to both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. In both cases, an alginate hydrogel binder forms in situ, concurrently with the crystallization process, effectively binding the drug crystals into monodisperse spheres. This study presents a detailed process description with mass transfer modeling, and with characterization of the obtained alginate/drug spheres in terms of morphology, composition, and drug loading. Although glycine and carbamazepine are used as model hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, this method is easily generalized to other drugs, and offers several benefits such as minimal thermal impact, fast crystallization rates, high drug–binder loading ratios, and high selectivity toward metastable polymorphs.
A Nanoporous Cytochrome c Film with Highly Ordered Porous Structure for Sensing of Toxic Vapors
Authors: Lawrence Geoffrey , Kalimuthu Palraj , Benzigar Mercy , Shelat Kinnari J. , Lakhi Kripal S. , Park Dae‐Hwan , Ji Qingmin , Ariga Katsuhiko , Bernhardt Paul V. , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCreating well‐ordered nanoporosity in biomolecules promises stability and activity, offering access to an even wider range of application possibilities. Here, the preparation of nanoporous protein films containing cytochrome c protein molecules is reported through a soft‐templating strategy using polystyrene (PS) spheres of different sizes as templates. The stability of the cytochrome c film is demonstrated through electrochemistry studies to show a reusable nature of these films over a long period of time. The size of the PS spheres is varied to tune the pore diameter and the thickness of the cytochrome c films, which are quite stable and highly selective for sensing toxic acidic vapors. The fusion of the templating strategy and the self‐assembly of biomolecules may offer various possibilities by generating a new series of porous biomolecules including enzymes with different molecular weights and diameters, peptides, antibodies, and DNA with interesting catalytic, adsorption, sensing, and electronic properties.
Direct Observation of Halide Migration and its Effect on the Photoluminescence of Methylammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Luo Yanqi , Khoram Parisa , Brittman Sarah , Zhu Zhuoying , Lai Barry , Ong Shyue Ping , Garnett Erik C. , Fenning David P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOptoelectronic devices based on hybrid perovskites have demonstrated outstanding performance within a few years of intense study. However, commercialization of these devices requires barriers to their development to be overcome, such as their chemical instability under operating conditions. To investigate this instability and its consequences, the electric field applied to single crystals of methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3) is varied, and changes are mapped in both their elemental composition and photoluminescence. Synchrotron‐based nanoprobe X‐ray fluorescence (nano‐XRF) with 250 nm resolution reveals quasi‐reversible field‐assisted halide migration, with corresponding changes in photoluminescence. It is observed that higher local bromide concentration is correlated to superior optoelectronic performance in CH3NH3PbBr3. A lower limit on the electromigration rate is calculated from these experiments and the motion is interpreted as vacancy‐mediated migration based on nudged elastic band density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The XRF mapping data provide direct evidence of field‐assisted ionic migration in a model hybrid‐perovskite thin single crystal, while the link with photoluminescence proves that the halide stoichiometry plays a key role in the optoelectronic properties of the perovskite.
Accurate Quantification of Si/SiGe Interface Profiles via Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Dyck Ondrej , Leonard Donovan N. , Edge Lisa F. , Jackson Clayton A. , Pritchett Emily J. , Deelman Peter W. , Poplawsky Jonathan D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPulsed laser atom probe tomography (APT) has enabled the investigation of semiconducting materials at sub‐nm length scales and 10 ppm chemical sensitivity. This has enabled APT to be the best technique for nanoscale detection of dopant distributions and low levels of chemical segregation at interfaces, which are both important for semiconductor processing; however, the accuracy of measured interfacial profiles is typically compromised by aberrations. Interfacial profiles in APT data will vary with respect to different interfacial combinations, especially when the evaporation field between two materials is drastically different. Here, the ability of APT to measure SiGe/Si/SiGe interfacial profiles is tested with an 8 nm Si well embedded in SiGe. The APT measurements are compared to those measured using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to evaluate reconstruction and post‐reconstruction processing methods to appropriately measure interfacial profiles using APT. Without post‐APT reconstruction processing, the measured Si/SiGe interfacial widths between APT and STEM match poorly, but after applying the z‐redistribution algorithm, the interfacial profiles are in good agreement. These results indicate that APT can be used to accurately identify SiGe/Si/SiGe interfacial profiles after application of the z‐redistribution algorithm, which will greatly impact the synergy between growth and characterization of semiconductor devices using Si/SiGe interfaces.
Active Acoustic Surfaces Enable the Propulsion of a Wireless Robot
Authors: Qiu Tian , Palagi Stefano , Mark Andrew G. , Melde Kai , Adams Fabian , Fischer Peer 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA major challenge that prevents the miniaturization of mechanically actuated systems is the lack of suitable methods that permit the efficient transfer of power to small scales. Acoustic energy holds great potential, as it is wireless, penetrates deep into biological tissues, and the mechanical vibrations can be directly converted into directional forces. Recently, active acoustic surfaces are developed that consist of 2D arrays of microcavities holding microbubbles that can be excited with an external acoustic field. At resonance, the surfaces give rise to acoustic streaming and thus provide a highly directional propulsive force. Here, this study advances these wireless surface actuators by studying their force output as the size of the bubble‐array is increased. In particular, a general method is reported to dramatically improve the propulsive force, demonstrating that the surface actuators are actually able to propel centimeter‐scale devices. To prove the flexibility of the functional surfaces as wireless ready‐to‐attach actuator, a mobile mini‐robot capable of propulsion in water along multiple directions is presented. This work paves the way toward effectively exploiting acoustic surfaces as a novel wireless actuation scheme at small scales.
Reconfigurable Metasurface for Multifunctional Control of Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Huang Cheng , Zhang Changlei , Yang Jianing , Sun Bo , Zhao Bo , Luo Xiangang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMetasurfaces provide a novel strategy to manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves by controlling the local phase of subwavelength artificial structures within the wavelength scale. So far, many exciting devices have been developed and most of them are based on passive metasurface, which can only perform a specific functionality. It is still very challenging to simultaneously achieve multiple EM functionalities and real‐time reconfigurability in one design. This study reports a reconfigurable metasurface for multifunctional control of EM waves. By controlling tunable elements, the proposed metasurface can dynamically change its local phase distribution to generate predetermined EM responses. Here, the metasurface can generate beam‐splitting performance that can be used to reduce backward scattering waves, and its scattering reduction frequency is tunable. In addition, such metasurface can also achieve dynamical beam deflection and polarization transformation through reconfigurable design of the phase distribution. The above EM functionalities have been experimentally demonstrated at microwave frequencies, which can be switched in real time by a computer‐controlled voltage source. This study paves the way toward the realization of multifunctional metadevices with real‐time and programmable control, showing great potential in applications of smart materials and devices for EM‐wave manipulation.
A Tandem Ring Opening/Closure Reaction in A BF3‐Mediated Rearrangement of Spirooxindoles
Authors: Guo Xuliang , Xing Qingyu , Lei Kunhua , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Du Yunfei , Zhao Kang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTreatment of the readily accessible spiro‐cyclohexadienones from the PhI(OCOCF3)2‐mediated spiro‐cyclization of N‐substituted benzanilides, with BF3⋅Et2O initiates a tandem ring opening/closure reaction leading to the formation of the biologically interesting 8‐hydroxy‐phenanthridin‐6(5H)‐one compounds. This unique rearrangement pattern involves the ‘migration’ of the electron‐deficient N‐methyl carbamoyl moiety rather than the electron‐rich aryl group as observed and reported previously in all other similar transformations.magnified image