bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testamentary Capacity Assessment Tool (TCAT): A Brief Instrument for Patients with Dementia
Authors: Papageorgiou Sokratis G. , Voskou Panagiota , Economou Alexandra , Beratis Ion , Douzenis Athanasios 
Published: December 2017

Background: In current practice, it is common for the medical practitioner to assess a person’s testamentary capacity (TC) and give evidence to the Courts about a potential will contest. TC is an advanced cognitive activity that is both situation- and task-specific. Objective: The aim of the present study was the development of a brief, specialized instrument for TC assessment in patients with dementia. Method: We developed a short tool consisting of four subtests, assessing the person’s core functions which are required for TC: memory (orientation, autobiographical memory and realistic perception of beneficiaries), absence of serious psychopathology, knowledge of financial parameters (value of assets, everyday life products, bills), and intention (vignettes, theory of mind). For its validation, we examined 64 outpatients from the Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Behavioral Neurology, University of Athens. The decision of the expert served as the gold standard for the evaluation of TC. Results: Of the 64 participants, 39 were judged by the expert as capable of TC and the remaining 25 as incapable. For the total scale (maximum score of 48), the best combination of sensitivity (82.6%) and specificity (100%) was obtained for a cut-off score of 32/33. Cronbach’s alpha showed high levels of internal reliability for the scale ( α= 0.86) and the point-biserial correlation coefficients showed high levels of criterion-related validity (rbp = 0.797, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The new instrument appears to be a reliable screening tool for the evaluation of TC in dementia, which can be used by both the expert and the non-expert. Further research is needed to confirm these promising findings.
Influence of Butyrylcholinesterase in Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Gabriel António José , Almeida Maria Rosário , Ribeiro Maria Helena , Carneiro Diogo , Valério Daniela , Pinheiro Ana Cristina , Pascoal Rui , Santana Isabel , Baldeiras Inês 
Published: December 2017

Background: Several demographic and genetic prognostic factors of conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been recognized so far. The most frequent polymorphism of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), the K-variant, has been proposed as a risk factor for AD, but data regarding its influence on early disease progression is still limited. Objective: To investigate the influence of the BuChE-K variant in MCI progression to AD. Methods: 96 MCI patients were included in the study and were genotyped for BuChE-K variant and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) BuChE activity, as well as the levels of AD biomarkers amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42), total and hyperphosphorylated tau (t-tau and p-tau) were also determined. Results: No significant differences were found in either BuChE-K variant or BuChE activity between MCI patients that progressed to AD (MCI-AD) and patients that remained stable during clinical follow-up (MCI-St). As expected, baseline CSF levels of Aβ42 were significantly lower and t-Tau, p-Tau, and ApoE ɛ4 allele frequency were significantly higher in MCI-AD patients. An association between the ApoE ɛ4 allele and the BuChE-K variant in MCI-AD, but not in MCI-St patients, was found with patients carrying both alleles presenting the highest incidence of progression and the lowest estimated time of progression to AD. Conclusion: Although BuChE-K alone does not seem to play a major role in progression to AD in MCI patients, a synergistic effect with the ApoE ɛ4 allele was found, highlighting the importance of assessing these combined genotypes for evaluating risk progression in MCI patients.
Planet Detectability in the Alpha Centauri System
Authors: Zhao Lily , Fischer Debra A. , Brewer John , Giguere Matt , Rojas-Ayala Bárbara 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We use more than a decade of radial-velocity measurements for

A, B, and Proxima Centauri from the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher, CTIO High Resolution Spectrograph, and the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph to identify the

and orbital periods of planets that could have been detected if they existed. At each point in a mass–period grid, we sample a simulated, Keplerian signal with the precision and cadence of existing data and assess the probability that the signal could have been produced by noise alone. Existing data places detection thresholds in the classically defined habitable zones at about

of 53

for

A, 8.4

for

B, and 0.47

for Proxima Centauri. Additionally, we examine the impact of systematic errors, or “red noise” in the data. A comparison of white- and red-noise simulations highlights quasi-periodic variability in the radial velocities that may be caused by systematic errors, photospheric velocity signals, or planetary signals. For example, the red-noise simulations show a peak above white-noise simulations at the period of Proxima Centauri b. We also carry out a spectroscopic analysis of the chemical composition of the

stars. The stars have super-solar metallicity with ratios of C/O and Mg/Si that are similar to the Sun, suggesting that any small planets in the

system may be compositionally similar to our terrestrial planets. Although the small projected separation of

A and B currently hampers extreme-precision radial-velocity measurements, the angular separation is now increasing. By 2019,

A and B will be ideal targets for renewed Doppler planet surveys.
Measurement of Circumstellar Disk Sizes in the Upper Scorpius OB Association with ALMA
Authors: Barenfeld Scott A. , Carpenter John M. , Sargent Anneila I. , Isella Andrea , Ricci Luca 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present detailed modeling of the spatial distributions of gas and dust in 57 circumstellar disks in the Upper Scorpius OB Association observed with ALMA at submillimeter wavelengths. We fit power-law models to the dust surface density and CO J = 3–2 surface brightness to measure the radial extent of dust and gas in these disks. We found that these disks are extremely compact: the 25 highest signal-to-noise disks have a median dust outer radius of 21 au, assuming an

dust surface density profile. Our lack of CO detections in the majority of our sample is consistent with these small disk sizes assuming the dust and CO share the same spatial distribution. Of seven disks in our sample with well-constrained dust and CO radii, four appear to be more extended in CO, although this may simply be due to the higher optical depth of the CO. Comparison of the Upper Sco results with recent analyses of disks in Taurus, Ophiuchus, and Lupus suggests that the dust disks in Upper Sco may be approximately three times smaller in size than their younger counterparts, although we caution that a more uniform analysis of the data across all regions is needed. We discuss the implications of these results for disk evolution.
Upward and Downward Catastrophes of Coronal Magnetic Flux Ropes in Quadrupolar Magnetic Fields
Authors: Zhang Quanhao , Wang Yuming , Hu Youqiu , Liu Rui , Liu Kai , Liu Jiajia 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Coronal magnetic flux ropes are closely related to large-scale solar activities. Using a 2.5-dimensional time-dependent ideal magnetohydrodynamic model in Cartesian coordinates, we carry out numerical simulations to investigate the evolution of a magnetic system consisting of a flux rope embedded in a fully closed quadrupolar magnetic field with different photospheric flux distributions. It is found that when the photospheric flux is not concentrated too much toward the polarity inversion line and the constraint exerted by the background field is not too weak, the equilibrium states of the system are divided into two branches: the rope sticks to the photosphere for the lower branch and levitates in the corona for the upper branch. These two branches are connected by an upward catastrophe (from the lower branch to the upper) and a downward catastrophe (from the upper branch to the lower). Our simulations reveal that there exist both upward and downward catastrophes in quadrupolar fields, which may be either force-free or non-force-free. The existence and the properties of these two catastrophes are influenced by the photospheric flux distribution, and a downward catastrophe is always paired with an upward catastrophe. Comparing the decay indices in catastrophic and noncatastrophic cases, we infer that torus unstable may be a necessary but not sufficient condition for a catastrophic system.
Pimodivir Treatment in Adult Volunteers Experimentally Inoculated with Live Influenza Virus: A Phase IIa, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Trevejo Jose M , Asmal Mohammed , Vingerhoets Johan , Polo Ramon , Robertson Sarah , Jiang Ying , Kieffer Tara L , Leopold Lorant 
Published: December 2017

Background Pimodivir (formerly JNJ-63623872) is a novel, non-nucleoside polymerase complex inhibitor with in vitro activity against influenza A virus, including pandemic 2009 H1N1, H7N9, H5N1 strains as well as neuraminidase- and amantadine-resistant strains. Methods Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase IIa study. Healthy volunteers ( n=104) were inoculated with an influenza A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2) challenge virus. 72 received pimodivir and 32 placebo. Pimodivir was dosed for 5 days once daily from 24 h after viral inoculation at four dose levels: 100 mg, 400 mg, loading dose 900/600 mg and loading dose 1,200/600 mg. Results Pimodivir significantly reduced viral shedding (area under the concentration versus time curve [AUC] measured by 50% tissue culture infective dose [TCID50] or qRT-PCR) versus placebo as measured by cell culture assay in the pooled analysis (Jonckheere-Terpstra dose-response trend test [ P=0.036]). Reductions were observed in viral shedding (AUC, duration and peak measured by grade), influenza-like symptoms (AUC, duration and peak measured by grade) and clinical symptoms (duration and peak measured by grade) for all pimodivir groups versus placebo, significantly so for the 1,200/600 mg group. In the 1,200/600 mg group viral shedding (AUC) by qRT-PCR was 0.45 versus 18.4 log10 copies/ml*day for pooled placebo ( P=0.014). Pimodivir was generally safe and well-tolerated with no serious adverse events or adverse events leading to discontinuation. Conclusions Pimodivir has potential to not only reduce viral load but to have a clinical impact on patients as a novel treatment for influenza A virus infection. Further trials are therefore warranted to assess pimodivir.
Combining NCBI and BOLD databases for OTU assignment in metabarcoding and metagenomic datasets: The BOLD_NCBI _Merger
Authors: Macher Jan-Niklas , Macher Till-Hendrik , Leese Florian 
Published: December 2017

Metabarcoding and metagenomic approaches are becoming routine techniquesfor use in biodiversity assessment and in ecological studies. The assignment of taxonomic information to millions of sequences obtained via high-throughput sequencing is challenging, as many DNA reference libraries are lacking information on certain taxonomic groups and can contain erroneous sequences. Combining different reference databases is therefore a promising approach for maximising taxonomic coverage and reliability of results.
The “BOLD_NCBI_Merger” bash script is introduced, which combines sequence data obtained from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank and the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) and prepares it for taxonomic assignment with the software MEGAN.
La transition du Néolithique à l’âge du Bronze dans le Nord-Ouest de la façade atlantique : entre révolutions techniques et transformations sociales
Authors: Ripoche Julien 
Published: December 2017

La transition du Néolithique à l’âge du Bronze dans l’Ouest de l’Europe est marquée par de nombreux changements. Dès la fin du Néolithique, le phénomène campaniforme se répand dans la majeure partie du continent et en homogénéise les pratiques culturelles. La fin du IIIe millénaire av. J.-C. voit de plus l’avènement d’une nouvelle hiérarchisation sociale, visible dans les pratiques funéraires. En Bretagne, les découvertes récentes permettent de renouveler notre compréhension de cette période. Elles nous permettent de plus de s’interroger sur la nature des relations entretenues par la Bretagne avec d’autres régions du Nord-Ouest de l’Europe. Pour le démontrer, cet article va comparer la Bretagne avec deux autres régions richement documentées : Les Pays-Bas et le Sud de l’Angleterre.
L’évolution de l’armement par le prisme de l’art rupestre dans la région de Najrân (Arabie saoudite)
Authors: Poliakoff Charly 
Published: December 2017

En Arabie du Sud, l’armement a connu certaines phases d’évolution pour s’adapter aux contraintes du milieu et aux avancées techniques. Les étapes caractéristiques de ce développement ont marqué l’imaginaire des hommes d’autrefois, qui ont immortalisé ces représentations dans les parois rocheuses au nord de la ville de Najrân (Arabie Saoudite). En effet, depuis de nombreux millénaires, les massifs de l’Arabie du Sud ont enregistré les témoignages des voyageurs, caravaniers et mercenaires qui transitaient ou vivaient dans la région. En 2006, la mission franco-saoudienne de Najrân dans le programme « Oasis de l’Arabie déserte » a commencé un inventaire systématique de ces pétroglyphes. Les premiers résultats de l’étude des représentations rupestres livrent des informations sur ces marges désertiques, longtemps ignorées de la recherche archéologique. Il faut cependant déterminer dans quelles mesures cette iconographie peut-elle être comparée aux artefacts afin d’en préciser la chronologie et la signification ? Cette question sera abordée à travers les représentations de la zone entre le Jabal al-Kawkab et le Jabal al-Qâra, depuis les gravures des armes archaïques à celles mettant en scène la révolution de l’arme à feu.
Hoë voorkomskoers van bakteriële vaginose en Chlamydia in ’n lae-inkomste, hoë-bevolkingsdigtheid gemeenskap in Kaapstad
Authors: Lennard Katie S. , Dabee Smritee , Barnabas Shaun L. , Havyarimana Enock , Jaumdally Shameem Z. , Botha Gerrit , Mkhize Nonhlanhla N. , Bekker Linda-Gail , Gray Glenda , Mulder Nicola , Passmore Jo-Ann , Jaspan Heather B. 
Published: December 2017

OpsommingJong Suid-Afrikaanse vroue uit hulpbron-arm gemeenskappe staar verskeie uitdagings in die gesig in terme van hulle seksuele en reproduktiewe gesondheid. Hier beskryf ons die voorkoms van vaginale mikrobiota en seksueel oordraagbare infeksies (SOI’s) onder 102; 16–22-jarige MIV-negatiewe Suid-Afrikaanse vroue uit ’n lae-inkomste, hoë-bevolkingsdigtheid gemeenskap in Kaapstad. Vaginale mikrobiota is met behulp van 16S rRNA amplikon volgorde-bepaling geprofileer; bakteriese vaginose (BV) status is met behulp van ’n Nugent-telling vasgestel; en SOI’s is deur middel van ’n multipleks polimerase kettingreaksie bepaal. SOI’s was algemeen, met 55% van die vroue wat ten minste een SOI gehad het; 41% wat met hoë-risiko menslike papillomavirus (MPV) besmet was, en ’n verdere 28% wat met laerisiko-MPV besmet was; 44% van die vroue was met Chlamydia besmet waarvan 16% een of meer addisionele SOI gehad het. BV persentasies was ook baie hoog met 55% van die vroue wat as BV-positief (Nugent-telling ≥7) geklassifiseer is, 7% as BV-intermediêr (Nugent-telling 3–6), en 38% as BV-negatief (Nugent-telling 0–2). Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae), die grootste oorsaak van neonatale sepsis, was teenwoordig in 25% van die BV-positiewe vroue en 28% van die BV-negatiewe vroue, en was dus meer onder BV-negatiewe vroue. Chlamydia-infeksie sowel as BV kan reproduktiewe gesondheid nadelig beïnvloed en verhoog hierdie vroue se risiko vir die verkryging van MIV. Die voorkoms van veral Prevotella amnii kan die MIV-risiko verhoog as gevolg van sy inflammatoriese kapasiteit. Laboratorium-gebaseerde toetsing vir SOI’s (veral Chlamydia en Gonorrhoeae) blyk in hierdie gemeenskap geregverdig te wees, tesame met verdere monitering en/of behandeling van BV.Navorsing korrelasie: Hierdie artikel is die vertaalde weergawe en is beskikbaar gestel om ‘n breër lesersgroep te bereik. Die oorspronklike Engelse artikel is beskikbaar hier: https://doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v36i1.1484
Sheaf cohomology on network codings: maxflow-mincut theorem
Authors: Nguemo Miradain Atontsa , Tcheka Calvin 
Published: December 2017

<p>Surveying briefly a novel algebraic topological application sheaf theory into directed network coding<br />problems, we obtain the weak duality in multiple source scenario by<br />using the idea of modified graph. Furthermore,we establish the<br />maxflow-mincut theorem with network coding sheaves in the case of multiple source.</p>
A decomposition of normality via a generalization of $\kappa$-normality
Authors: Das Ananga Kumar , Bhat Pratibha 
Published: December 2017

A simultaneous generalization of $\kappa$-normality and weak $\theta$-normality is introduced. Interrelation of this generalization of normality with existing variants of normality is studied.In the process of investigation a new decomposition of normality is obtained.
Inverse stochastic–dynamic models for high-resolution Greenland ice core records
Authors: Boers Niklas , Chekroun Mickael D. , Liu Honghu , Kondrashov Dmitri , Rousseau Denis-Didier , Svensson Anders , Bigler Matthias , Ghil Michael 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Proxy records from Greenland ice cores have been studied for several decades, yet many open questions remain regarding the climate variability encoded therein. Here, we use a Bayesian framework for inferring inverse, stochastic–dynamic models from δ18O and dust records of unprecedented, subdecadal temporal resolution. The records stem from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP), and we focus on the time interval 59–22 ka b2k. Our model reproduces the dynamical characteristics of both the δ18O and dust proxy records, including the millennial-scale Dansgaard–Oeschger variability, as well as statistical properties such as probability density functions, waiting times and power spectra, with no need for any external forcing. The crucial ingredients for capturing these properties are (i) high-resolution training data, (ii) cubic drift terms, (iii) nonlinear coupling terms between the δ18O and dust time series, and (iv) non-Markovian contributions that represent short-term memory effects.
The atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle over the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra river basins
Authors: Sorí Rogert , Nieto Raquel , Drumond Anita , Vicente-Serrano Sergio M. , Gimeno Luis 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle over the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra river basins (IRB, GRB, and BRB respectively) in the South Asian region was investigated. The 3-dimensional model FLEXPART v9.0 was utilized. An important advantage of this model is that it permits the computation of the freshwater budget on air parcel trajectories both backward and forward in time from 0.1 to 1000 hPa in the atmospheric vertical column. The analysis was conducted for the westerly precipitation regime (WPR) (November–April) and the monsoonal precipitation regime (MPR) (May–October) in the period from 1981 to 2015. The main terrestrial and oceanic climatological moisture sources for the IRB, GRB, and BRB and their contribution to precipitation over the basins were identified. For the three basins, the most important moisture sources for precipitation are (i) in the continental regions, the land masses to the west of the basins (in this case called western Asia), the Indian region (IR), and the basin itself, and (ii) from the ocean, the utmost sources being the Indian Ocean (IO) and the Bay of Bengal (BB), and it is remarkable that despite the amount of moisture reaching the Indus and Ganges basins from land sources, the moisture supply from the IO seems to be first associated with the rapid increase or decrease in precipitation over the sources in the MPR. The technique of the composites was used to analyse how the moisture uptake values spatially vary from the sources (the budget of evaporation minus precipitation (E − P) was computed in a backward experiment from the basins) but during the pre-onset and pre-demise dates of the monsoonal rainfall over each basin; this confirmed that over the last days of the monsoon at the basins, the moisture uptake areas decrease in the IO. The Indian region, the Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal, and the basins themselves are the main sources of moisture responsible for negative (positive) anomalies of moisture contribution to the basins during composites of driest (wettest) WPR and MPR.
Berberská etnomedicína: Léčivé rostliny a jejich využití ve Vysokém Atlasu v Maroku
Authors: Půtová Barbora 
Published: December 2017

Ve studii se věnuji konceptualizaci medicínského pluralismu v Maroku. Pozornost kladu zejména na berberskou etnomedicínu v pohoří Vysokého Atlasu na základě vlastního terénního výzkumu realizovaného v průběhu let 2014 až 2017. Moje vlastní závěry a poznatky se opírají o studium marockých medicínských systémů v širším vývojovém a kulturním kontextu. V první části studie se zaměřuji na vymezení etnomedicíny a biomedicíny v Maroku. V další části přibližuji berberskou etnomedicínu s důrazem na oblast Vysokého Atlasu, kde charakterizuji roli léčitelek, jejich metody léčby a způsoby využití léčivých rostlin. V obecné rovině pak provádím deskripci léčivých rostlin, jejich účinků a způsobů využití ve zkoumaném areálu. V poslední části studie představuji tradiční model udržitelného využití přírodních zdrojů a aktuální vývoj neudržitelného využití přírodních zdrojů, které se mohou projevovat ve změně berberské etnomedicíny, ale současně také vést až k zániku pluralitního medicínského systému v Maroku.
Les jeunes chercheuses sous la direction d’un directeur de recherche homme : perception de leur relation d’accompagnement1
Authors: Gerard Laëtitia 
Published: December 2017

Notre recherche est partie de deux constats : 1) à l’entrée en master, l’étudiant expérimente pour la première fois une nouvelle relation pédagogique, duale, à savoir la relation d’accompagnement de mémoire; 2) en master, les jeunes chercheuses sont plus souvent accompagnées dans leur recherche par un directeur du sexe opposé que les étudiants. Comment les jeunes chercheuses accompagnées dans leur recherche par un directeur - homme perçoivent-elles cette relation pédagogique à deux? Quelles perceptions ont-elles d’elles-mêmes et de leur directeur de recherches, et ce, au niveau des trois dimensions : scientifique, institutionnelle et relationnelle? Pour mener cette recherche, nous avons interrogé onze jeunes chercheuses inscrites en master 2. Les résultats montrent que les jeunes chercheuses perçoivent leur rôle, le rôle de leur directeur et leur relation d’accompagnement de manière très scolaire et hiérarchisée. Elles éprouvent par ailleurs des difficultés à communiquer avec leur directeur de recherches (dimension institutionnelle) et à gérer la relation interpersonnelle (dimension relationnelle). Enfin, la dimension relationnelle est considérée par les jeunes chercheuses comme le point central de la relation d’accompagnement et constitue leur principale source d’insatisfaction.