bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between frailty and subsequent disability trajectories among older adults: a growth curve longitudinal analysis from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2004–19)
Authors: Woldemariam Selam , Oberndorfer Moritz , Stein Viktoria K , Haider Sandra , Dorner Thomas E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Frailty is associated with adverse health outcomes in ageing populations, yet its long-term effect on the development of disability is not well defined. The study examines to what extent frailty affects disability trajectories over 15 years in older adults aged 50+. Using seven waves of data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), the study estimates the effect of baseline frailty on subsequent disability trajectories by multilevel growth curve models. The sample included 94 360 individuals from 28 European countries. Baseline frailty was assessed at baseline, using the sex-specific SHARE-Frailty-Instrument (SHARE-FI), including weight loss, exhaustion, muscle weakness, slowness, and low physical activity. Disability outcomes were the sum score of limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) and Instrumental ADL (IADL). Analyses were stratified by sex. Over 15 years, baseline frailty score was positively associated with disability trajectories in men [βADL = 0.074, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.064; P = .083; βIADL = 0.094, 95% CI = 0.080; P = 0.107] and women (βADL = 0.097, 95% CI = 0.089; P = .105; βIADL = 0.108, 95% CI = 0.097; P = .118). Frail participants showed higher ADL and IADL disability levels, independent of baseline disability, compared with prefrail and robust participants across all age groups. Overall, participants displayed higher levels of IADL disability than ADL disability. Study findings indicate the importance of early frailty assessment using the SHARE-FI in individuals 50 and older as it provides valuable insight into future disability outcomes.
The Night Divide: Gender-Specific Trajectories of Sleep Disturbances Among Multiple Cohorts of Aging Populations
Authors: Chen Jen-Hao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Sleep disturbances in later life are prevalent and can profoundly impact health and well-being. However, whether and how trajectories of sleep disturbances vary as people age by gender and across age cohorts remains unexplored. This study applies an integrated theoretical framework to understand gender-specific trajectories of sleep disturbances over time and how they vary by cohort.

Methods
Accelerated longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 20,947; M = 8,562, F = 12,385) was analyzed to investigate gender-specific trajectories of sleep disturbances and potential cohort variations. Weighted growth curve model was applied with sociodemographic and health-related variables. Men and women were analyzed separately.

Results
Results showed that sleep disturbances increased with age in men, but not in women. Also, younger cohorts of men increased sleep disturbances over time at a slower rate than older cohorts. Among men, health profiles accounted for the association between age and sleep disturbances. Among men and women, younger cohorts started with higher levels of sleep disturbances around midlife. When examining specific types of sleep disturbance separately, having trouble falling asleep was the type that drove the observed patterns in men. For women, there was no association between age and any individual type of sleep disturbance.

Discussion
This study shows that men, rather than women, tend to experience increasing sleep disturbances with age, with some variations across cohorts. These findings imply that different strategies for men and women and targeted timing over the life course would be most effective at promoting sleep health in American men and women.
Joint PP and PS AVA inversion using an acceleration algorithm and a multi-trace strategy
Authors: Geng Weiheng , Lu Wenkai , Li Jingye , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Exploration utilizing converted wave (PS) technology has garnered considerable interest in recent years owing to its ability to provide distinct insights into subsurface properties compared to compressional waves (PP). PS wave is particularly advantageous for accurately determining S-wave velocity (${{V}_S}$) and bulk density ($\rho $), whereas PP wave is better suited for assessing P-wave velocity (${{V}_P}$). Thus, theoretically, joint PP and PS AVA inversion can yield precise results for ${{V}_P}$, ${{V}_S}$, and $\rho $. However, a critical step before joint inversion is PP and PS registration, which is prone to causing lateral discontinuity in the inversion outcomes. To mitigate this issue, we present a simultaneous multi-trace joint inversion method. The method can improve the lateral consistency of inversion results by imposing lateral continuity constraints on the elastic parameters being inverted. Nevertheless, this simultaneous multi-trace inversion method inherently increases computational burden. To enhance algorithmic efficiency without sacrificing inversion precision, we implement an acceleration strategy. Synthetic and real data examples demonstrate that the proposed method offers remarkable performance in enhancing computational efficiency and lateral continuity compared to the conventional methods.
Seismic property prediction using deep learning in LN area, Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Li Jianjun , Zhang Haining , Liu Yongfu , Zhou Jingping , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Stratigraphy and faults provide the framework for subsurface sequences and structural information, forming the basis for high-precision reservoir parameter prediction. However, reservoir parameter prediction often relies on sparse stratigraphic interpretations based on existing manual interpretations. There is a certain connection between stratigraphic and fault interpretations and reservoir parameter predictions. Therefore, this paper proposes a fully automated workflow from stratigraphic and fault interpretation to reservoir modeling. First, using known sparse expert stratigraphic interpretation results as constraints, three-dimensional implicit model construction is achieved through deep learning networks in the working area. That model incorporates all stratigraphic and fault information, thereby enabling detailed stratigraphic framework interpretation. Second, based on this implicit model, an initial reservoir parameter model is built by integrating well-logging information. Finally, using this model and seismic data as input, with target reservoir parameters as output, a two-dimensional deep learning training network is established to achieve the three-dimensional characterization of reservoir parameters. Applying this method in the LN area of Tarim Basin, based on automatically interpreting fault and stratigraphic horizons results, the predicted results of reservoir parameters such as gamma and impedance guided by this stratigraphic construction model are generally consistent at blind wells. This study demonstrates that the automated workflow can achieve results consistent with geological understanding in practical applications.
Propositional logic and modal logic—A connection via relational semantics
Authors: Zhong Shengyang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, by slightly generalizing an observation of Dalla Chiara and Giuntini in their chapter on quantum logic in Handbook of Philosophical Logic, we propose a relational semantics for propositional language with negation and conjunction, which unifies the relational semantics of intuitionistic logic and that of ortho-logic. We study the semantic and syntactic consequence relations and prove the soundness and completeness theorems for five propositional logics: $\textbf{BL}$, $\textbf{PL}$, $\textbf{IL}$, $\textbf{OL}$ and $\textbf{CL}$. Moreover, we prove that they can be translated into the modal logics $\textbf{K}$, $\textbf{T}$, $\textbf{S4}$, $\textbf{KTB}$ and $\textbf{S5}$, respectively, and thus establish a systematic connection between propositional logics and modal logics. The paper ends with a discussion about the possibility and difficulty of incorporating disjunction into our framework.
Co-designing a Vaping Cessation Program for Australian Young Adults: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Rahman Nicola , Sebar Bernadette , Sofija Ernesta 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Australian young adults (YA) report difficulties in quitting vaping. This study sought to understand what a vaping cessation program should look like from the perspective of current and former vapers, and professionals/experts involved in this health space, to inform the development of a conceptual model.

Aims and Methods
Data collection was informed by Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) using co-design methodology to explore vaping cessation. Interactive workshops and semi-structured interviews were held online between March 2023 and January 2024, with data from participants’ narratives and written materials thematically analyzed.

Results
YAs (18–24 years) identifying as current or former vapers (n = 15) and health professionals/experts’(n = 13) insights informed the model framework, incorporating three main elements based on environmental, personal, and behavioral factors shaping vaping cessation. Four design considerations were identified; the program needs to be affordable, accessible, appropriate, and adaptable. YAs expressed a strong preference to share their quitting journey with peers, endorsing a digital forum providing a hybrid framework of support.

Conclusions
Vaping cessation is nuanced and complex requiring a multi-faceted approach targeted to the specific needs of the young adult population.

Implications
The findings can be used to inform the development of a vaping cessation program tailored to YA in Australia and other similar contexts. YA perceived sharing the quitting journey and being inspired by the lived experience of others as critical components for successful vaping cessation. SCT is demonstrated to be a valuable behavior change framework for understanding vaping cessation and should be considered in future research on intervention development.
Associations of Close Social Connections With Smoking and Vaping: A Population Study in England
Authors: Jackson Sarah E , Squires Hazel , Shahab Lion , Tattan-Birch Harry , Buckley Charlotte , Purshouse Robin C , Brown Jamie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Studies consistently demonstrate smoking is a socially contagious behavior, but less is known about the influence of social connections on vaping. This study examined associations between having close social connections who smoke or vape and relevant smoking and vaping outcomes.

Aims and Methods
This was a representative cross-sectional survey of adults (≥16 years) in England. Participants (n = 1618) were asked how many people they discuss important matters with (ie, close social connections) and how many of them smoke/vape. We tested associations between (1) smoking and (2) vaping among close social connections and participants’ own smoking and vaping status; harm perceptions of e-cigarettes (among current smokers); attempts and success in quitting smoking (among past-year smokers); and use of e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid (among past-year smokers who tried to quit).

Results
Adults with ≥1 close social connection who smoke were more likely than those with none to smoke themselves (32.8% vs. 9.4%; ORadj = 7.23[95% CI: 4.74 to 11.0]) and had an uncertain lower likelihood to quit (12.2% vs. 19.8%; ORadj = 0.46[0.17–1.23]). Those with ≥1 close social connection who vape were more likely than those with none to vape themselves (29.6% vs. 6.3%; ORadj = 5.16[3.15–8.43]) and to use e-cigarettes in their most recent attempt to quit (57.0% vs. 27.9%; ORadj = 18.0[1.80–181]), and had an uncertain higher likelihood to perceive e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes (30.8% vs. 12.2%; ORadj = 2.37[0.82–6.90]).

Conclusions
In England, we replicated well-established associations with smoking and found similar evidence for vaping. People were much more likely to vape and to use e-cigarettes to quit smoking if they had close social connections who vaped.

Implications
The cross-sectional design means it is not clear whether smoking/vaping among close social connections influences people to smoke/vape themselves, or whether people who smoke/vape select to form close social connections with others who similarly smoke/vape. Further research is required to establish causality. If the associations we observed are causal, interventions that encourage smokers to switch to vaping may have positive spillover effects on social connections’ perceptions of e-cigarettes and the use of these products to support smoking cessation.
Diagnostic Performance of Unstimulated IFN-γ (IRISA-TB) for Pleural Tuberculosis: A Prospective Study in South Africa and India
Authors: Christopher Devasahayam J , Esmail Aliasgar , Scott Alex J , Wilson Lindsay , Randall Philippa , Thangakunam Balamugesh , Shankar Deepa , Rajasekar Sekar , Christudass Christhunesa S , Kühn Louié , Swanepoel Jeremi , Perumal Tahlia , Pooran Anil , Oelofse Suzette , Dheda Keertan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in many settings. The diagnostic performance of the frontline polymerase chain reaction–based GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) remains suboptimal (sensitivity of ∼30%), but data are limited. Improved diagnostic approaches are urgently needed to detect extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in tuberculosis (TB)-endemic settings.

Methods
This multicenter, prospective cohort study evaluated the diagnostic performance of a rapid (same-day) interferon gamma rapid immunosuspension assay (IRISA-TB) in patients with presumed TPE from South Africa and India. Participants underwent pleural biopsy, and testing with other available same-day diagnostic assays (adenosine deaminase [ADA], Xpert Ultra, and IRISA-TB) was concurrently undertaken. The reference standard for TB was microbiological and/or histopathological confirmation using pleural fluid and/or pleural biopsy samples.

Results
A total of 217 participants with presumed TPE were recruited (106 from South Africa, 111 from India). The sensitivity of IRISA-TB (cut-point 20.5 pg/mL) was significantly better than that of Xpert Ultra (81.8% [70.4–90.2] vs 32.9% [22.1–45.1]; P &lt; .001) and ADA at the 40 IU/mL cut-point used in India (81.8% [70.4–90.2] vs 53.8% [41.0–66.3]; P = .002). Compared with ADA at the 30 IU/mL cut-point used in South Africa, IRISA-TB had a higher specificity (96.6% [90.3–99.3] vs 87.1% [78.6–93.2]) and a higher positive predictive value (94.7% [85.5–97.3] vs 81.8% [72.4–88.5]). The negative predictive value (NPV; rule-out value) of IRISA-TB was significantly better than that of Xpert Ultra (87.5% [83.2–93.0] vs 64.9% [61.1–68.6]; P &lt; .001) and ADA at the 40 IU/mL cut-point (87.5% [83.2–93.0] vs 74.1% [68.7–79.0]; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
IRISA-TB demonstrated markedly better sensitivity and NPV than Xpert Ultra and excellent specificity for the diagnosis of TPE. These data have implications for clinical practice in TB-endemic settings.
Stability and Volatility in Cultural Models of Contention
Authors: Gøtzsche-Astrup Oluf , Gøtzsche-Astrup Johan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
How stable are the public’s assumptions about the legitimacy of contentious tactics? Previous studies show that the public hold a set of assumptions about what counts as legitimate and illegitimate tactics. We enrich this literature by studying the stability of these assumptions through the case of partisan protesting in the United States. Leveraging panel data collected during the 2020 Black Lives Matter and anti-lockdown protests as well as two preregistered survey experiments, we provide the first methodologically rigorous study of the short-term stability of these assumptions. We find that tactics are understood as inherently more legitimate when they are currently carried out by members of the partisan ingroup as opposed to its outgroup. However, although we do find an effect of contention, this is relatively moderate. The assumptions remain remarkably stable. This underscores the consolidated nature of the tactics in the United States and tempers fears of democratic decline in the realm of contention.
Social Crisis and Islamist Transformation: Iraq’s Sadrism Through Bourdieu’s Homology
Authors: Robin-D’Cruz Benedict 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article theorizes Islamist transformations by mapping the evolution of Sadrism in contemporary Iraq through a period of state collapse, war, and political consolidation. Using Pierre Bourdieu, this perspective emphasizes how field-based crises can synchronize and amplify homological relations between the deep-lying structures which differentiate religious from political spheres of Islamist activity. The article identifies these homological processes and structures and explains how they have patterned underlying morphologies of Sadrist politics. This differs from existing literature on Islamist movements where religion has often been contextualized in terms of material social conditions, or priority ascribed to political struggles and structures and emphasis placed on surface-level symbolic practices. By contrast, a Bourdieusian lens provides a theoretically robust approach to study the relationship between religion and politics, and an evaluative framework for Islamist transformations which is less normative than some alternatives and more generalizable beyond the context of Islamism and Islam.
Bridging mathematical and microeconomic perspectives: a praxeological analysis of the Lagrange multiplier method
Authors: Landgärds-Tarvoll Ida , Göller Daniel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the challenges that economics students face when they make the transition from service mathematics course (s) to microeconomics courses with a focus on how the concept of the Lagrange multiplier method is used in constrained utility maximization problems. The study aims to identify and understand discrepancies in the application of the Lagrange multiplier method as introduced in the mathematics course and subsequently applied within the microeconomics course. For this purpose, we conducted a comparative praxeological analysis of textbooks used in the two courses. The analysis reveals significant differences in the techniques and technologies used in both textbooks, which may cause difficulties for students in their transition between the courses. Additionally, the analysis revealed total mismatches in praxeologies within the textbooks. The article concludes with suggestions on topics for service mathematics teachers to address for aligning their instruction with the microeconomics application of the Lagrange multiplier method.
A toxicogenomics-based identification of potential mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in PFCs-induced cancer in human
Authors: Dehghani Zahra , Ranjbar Sara , Shahabinezhad Farbod , Sabouri Pooria , Bardbori Afshin Mohammadi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The number of new diagnosed cancer cases and cancer deaths are increasing worldwide. Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are synthetic chemicals, which are possible inducers of cancer in human and laboratory animals. Studies showed that PFCs induce breast, prostate, kidney, liver and pancreas cancer by inducing genes being involved in carcinogenic pathways.

Methodology
This study reviews the association between PFCs induced up-regulation/down-regulation of genes and signaling pathways that are important in promoting different types of cancer. To obtain chemical-gene interactions, an advanced search was performed in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database platform.

Results
Five most prevalent cancers were studied and the maps of their signaling pathways were drawn, and colored borders indicate significantly differentially expressed genes if there had been reports of alterations in expression in the presence of PFCs.

Conclusion
In general, PFCs are capable of inducing cancer in human via altering PPARα and PI3K pathways, evading apoptosis, inducing sustained angiogenesis, alterations in proliferation and blocking differentiation. However, more epidemiological data and mechanistic studies are needed to better understand the carcinogenic effects of PFCs in human.
Preventing delirium in post-acute care
Authors: Spear Rebecca A. , Martin-Plank Lori , Crist Janice D. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Older adults admitted to post-acute care often are frail with multiple comorbidities, making them particularly vulnerable to developing delirium. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to create, implement, and evaluate an NP-led, evidence-based delirium prevention protocol in a skilled nursing facility (SNF). The incidence of new-onset delirium was assessed pre- and postimplementation; following implementation, no patients were diagnosed with new-onset delirium, and nurses and certified nursing assistants reported changes to their practice. Based on project design, the approximately 42,000 NPs in the US with nursing home or long-term-care facility privileges are optimally positioned to lead SNFs in the prevention of new-onset delirium.
Assessment Tools for Patient Notes in Medical Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kelly William F. , Hawks Matthew K. , Johnson W. Rainey , Maggio Lauren A. , Pangaro Louis , Durning Steven J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Physician proficiency in clinical encounter documentation is a universal expectation of medical education. However, deficiencies in note writing are frequently identified, which have implications for patient safety, health care quality, and cost. This study aimed to create a compendium of tools for educators’ practical implementation or future research.

Method
A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley framework. PubMed, Embase, Ovid All EBM Reviews, Web of Science, and MedEdPORTAL were searched for articles published from database inception to November 16, 2023, using the following search terms: documentation, note-writing, patient note, electronic health record note, entrustable professional activity 5, and other terms. For each note-writing assessment tool, information on setting, section(s) of note that was assessed, tool properties, numbers and roles of note writers and graders, weight given, if used in grading, learner performance, and stakeholder satisfaction and feasibility was extracted and summarized.

Results
A total of 5,257 articles were identified; 32 studies with unique tools were included in the review. Eleven studies (34.4%) were published since 2018. Twenty-two studies (68.8%) outlined creating an original assessment tool, whereas 10 (31.2%) assessed a curriculum intervention using a tool. Tools varied in length and complexity. None provided data on equity or fairness to student or resident note writers or about readability for patients. Note writers often had missing or incomplete documentation (mean [SD] total tool score of 60.3% [19.4%] averaged over 25 studies), often improving after intervention. Selected patient note assessment tool studies have been cited a mean (SD) of 6.3 (9.2) times. Approximately half of the tools (17 [53.1%]) or their accompanying articles were open access.

Conclusions
Diverse tools have been published to assess patient notes, often identifying deficiencies. This compendium may assist educators and researchers in improving patient care documentation.