bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Cabbage Varieties for Resistance to Diamondback Moth, 1995
Authors: Ivey P. W. , Johnson S. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A CR design with a split-plot treatment arrangement was used to partition cabbage variety and B. thuringiensis effects on DBM population in Port Antonio, Portland, Jamaica. Main plots were variety and consisted of two rows, 2.73 m long and 0.45 m wide, with 1.52-m unplanted areas between them. Subplots were insecticide treatment and consisted of one row treated with B. thuringiensis and the other untreated. Cabbage varieties selected were ‘Tropicana’ (a new hybrid), ‘Early Jersey’ (an open pollinated variety) (Petoseed, Saticoy, CA), and ‘KY Cross’ (the hybrid most widely grown in Jamaica) (Takii Seed, Kyoto, Japan). Plants were transplanted 0.45 m apart in raised beds spaced 0.91 m apart. Treatments for each cabbage variety were Agree 50 WP® (B. thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki and aizawai), applied weekly with a Solo 475 Knapsack Sprayer (Solo Incorporated, Newport News, VA) at the rate of 83 g in 15 liters of water, and untreated controls. Each treatment was replicated four times. Sampling of plants for diamondback moth was done weekly over a seven-week period (18 Nov to 30 Dec, 1995) by counting larvae on the leaves of 20 (10 in each subplot) plants. Insect count data were analyzed with ANOVA, and, where significant differences among insecticide treatments and cabbage varieties were detected, Fisher’s LSD Test was used for means separation.
Comparison of 6 Varieties of Spring Wheat for Resistance to Russian Wheat Aphid and Hessian Fly. 1997
Authors: Bragg D. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six varieties of spring wheat plus a and a check of ‘Alpowa’ seed treated with Gaucho 480 (2 oz product/cwt seed) were seeded on 5 May at the USDA-ARS CFRF in on-farm strips of 15 X 354 feet per replicate in a CRB design. The 6 varieties and the check were evaluated 65-DAE (Feeks Scale 10) for % HF infested tillers and % RWA infested tillers. Comparison of the number of RWA per tiller were also made. Harvest data were collected as yield and % protein on 15 Aug.
Evaluation of Spin Out Supercover Plus, Amoco Rfx, and Texel Tex-R Ground Cover Fabrics Against Two-Striped Slug, 1996
Authors: Hata T. Y. , Hara A. H. , Jacobsen C. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The active ingredient in Spin Out is copper hydroxide. Spin Out is incorporated into Supercover Plus, Amoco RFX, and Texel TEX-R ground cover fabrics to deter root development by means of chemical root pruning. Efficacy against the two-stripped slug were conducted from 2 Dec through 9 Dec 96 at the Panaewa Farm Lots in Hilo, HI (study 1) and from 23 Dec through 27 Dec at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Waiakea Research Station in Hilo, HI (study 2). In study 1, Supercover Plus, Texel Tex-R, and an untreated ground cover (PAK, Wallacoochee, GA) were cut to 12 ft2 pieces and randomly placed in a slug infested area. Treatments were replicated 4 times. The number of live slugs on or beneath the ground covers were recorded daily. During the test period (study 1) the average daily rainfall was 0.6 ± 0.4 inches at a pH of 4.7 ± 0.3. In study 2, 1.0 ft2 wooden boxes were lined with Texel Tex-R, Amoco RFX, and untreated (PAK, Wallacoochee, GA) ground cover fabrics. Fifteen grams of ‘iceberg’ lettuce were placed in each box. Ten field collected slugs (a 2.54 cm in length) were added to each box, then covered with a Plexiglas cover. Treatments were replicated 4 times. Mortality was accessed 1 and 4 days after the slugs were added.
Codling Moth Control in Pears, 1997
Authors: Steenwyk R. A. Van , Nomoto R. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted on mature ‘Bartletty’ pear trees in a commercial orchard near Fairfield, CA. Eight treatments were replicated four times in a RCB design. Each replicate consisted of an individual tree. Treatments were applied with a handheld orchard sprayer operating at 200 psi and delivering 200 gpa of finished spray (2.87 gal/tree). Application timings were based on degree days (DD). DD were calculated with a 25 Mar biofix for the first generation and 1 Jun for the second generation using a single sine horizontal cutoff model with a: lower threshold of 50°F and an upper threshold of 88°F and with air temperature data from the IMPACT weather station in Cordelia. Target DD application timings (with actual DD timings and dates in parentheses) were: Knack and Comply with or without Volck oil at 100 DD (137 DD-8 Apr) followed by Azinphos-M at 650 DD (678 DD-16 May) from 1st biofix and 250 DD (311 DD-17 Jun) from 2nd biofix; Comply with Volck oil at 100 DD (137 DD-8 Apr) and 500 DD (521 DD-8 May) from 1st biofix followed by Azinphos-M at 250 DD (311 DD-17 Jun) from 2nd biofix; Danitol, Brigade, and Azinphos-M (industry standard) at 250 (294 DD-21 Apr) and 650 DD (678 DD-16 May) from 1st biofix and 250 DD (311 DD-17 Jun) from 2nd biofix. Control of the first CM generation was evaluated on 4 Jun by inspecting 50 fruit from the bottom of the tree canopy and 50 fruit from the top of the tree canopy/replicate. Control of the second CM generation was evaluated at commercial harvest on 21 Jul by inspecting a maximum of 125 fruit from the bottom of the tree canopy and 125 fruit from the top of the tree canopy per replicate. Control of motile TSSM, ERM, and PP nymphs was evaluated weekly from 4 Jun through 21 Jul by sampling 10 exterior and 10 interior leaves/replicate. The leaves were brushed and the motile TSSM, ERM, and PP nymphs were counted under magnification (20X).
Evaluation of Admire 2F and an Entomopathogenic Nematode to Manage Oriental Beetle Popula-Tions on Blueberries, 1997
Authors: Polavarapu S. , Peng H. , Stuart R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The effect of application time of Admire 2F (imidacloprid) and an entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (CruiserTM), on their efficacy against scarab grubs was assessed in blueberries. This trial was conducted in a 6-year-old ‘Elliott’ blueberry field in full production, near Hammonton, NJ. Blueberry bushes were approximately 4-5 ft tall and spaced 9 X 4 ft apart and were irrigated season long with overhead sprinklers. Soil type at this location was sandy loam with a pH of 4.0. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design with each replicate consisting of 36-ft long row of 8-9 bushes. Treatments were separated by a single row between blocks and 15-ft between treatments within a block. Three application timings of Admire (11 June, 8 July, 14 August) and two timings of Cruiser (8 July and 14 August) were evaluated. These dates approximately represent the beginning, peak, and completion of adult flight of OB in New Jersey. Insecticides were applied as a 1.5-ft band on both sides of the plant for a total of 108 ft2 per replicate. Insectides were applied with a CO2 pressurized Model T backpack sprayer (R & D sprayers) equipped with a single TeeJet nozzle (1105 VS) operated at 40 PSI and calibrated to deliver 100 gal/acre of finished spray. Field was irrigated for approximately 2 and 4 hours before and after spraying, respectively. Treatment effects were assessed by sampling soil and roots in 12-inches-diameter by 10-inches-deep areas around each of 4 randomly selected plants per replication for OB grubs. Plants were sampled between 23 September-3 October. Data were transformed to x + 0.5 before analysis of variance.
Insecticide Efficacy for Root Weevil on Red Raspberry, 1997
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Chamberlain J. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were replicated five times in a 4-year-old ‘Meeker’ raspberry field in La Center, WA. Plots measuring 1 row wide and 30 ft long were arranged in a RCB design. Full coverage sprays were applied on 10 Jun with a tractor-mounted 6-tank plot sprayer with an over-the-row boom. It was equipped with 14 D3-45 TeeJet nozzles per row at 200 psi and delivered 130 gal/acre at 2 mph. Basal sprays were applied with the same sprayer while using only the 3 lower nozzles on each side of the row. The nozzles were spaced 10 inches apart and the lower one was 12 inches above the soil line. Sampling began at 10 PM by placing a 3-ft-wide by 10-ft-long white cloth under each side of the row near the center of the plot. The top training wire was grasped tightly by hand and given 10 vigorous shakes. The weevils that were knocked off were counted with the aid of a flashlight and returned to the plots for later evaluation. Evaluations were made at 3, 6 and 14 DAT.
Root Weevil Control on Red Raspberry, 1997
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Chamberlain J. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were replicated five times in a 4-year-old ‘Chilliwack’ raspberry field j in Vancouver, WA. Plots measuring 1 row wide and 30 ft long were arranged in a RCB design. Full coverage sprays were applied on 10 Jun with a tractor-mounted 6-tank plot sprayer with an over-the-row boom. It was equipped with 14 D3-45 TeeJet nozzles per row at 200 psi and delivered 130 gal/acre at 2 mph. Basal sprays were applied with the same sprayer while using only the 3 lower nozzles on each side of the row. The nozzles were spaced 10 j inches apart and the lower one was 12 inches above the soil line. Sampling began at 10 PM by placing a 3-ft-wide by 10-ft-long white cloth under each side | of the row near the center of the plot. The top training wire was grasped tightly by hand and given 10 vigorous shakes. The weevils that were knocked off j were counted with the aid of a flashlight and returned to the plots. Evaluations were made at 3, 6, and 14 DAT. Brigade and Alert were reapplied 27 Jun j and sampled 4 and 14 DAT. Alert and both Brigade treatments significantly reduced the number of BVW up to 14 DAT and 4 DAT of the second application.
Bioassay Evaluation of Insecticides on Strawberry Fruit and Foliage, 1997
Authors: Williams R. N. , Fickle D. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Four insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against pest species listed above. A 5-year-old Allstar strawberry planting located at Moreland, OH was utilized for this study. Plots consisted of an 18-ft2 area, with 4 replicates per treatment in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied as foliar spray at the rate of 100 gpa (935 1/ha) on 17 July, using a hand-held constant-pressure CO2 sprayer operating at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm2) and equipped with a 9505-E-Tee Jet nozzle. Once the foliage dried, 3 leaves and 2 berries were sampled from the middle of each replicate and placed in ventilated 450-ml plastic containers. Five adults of each insect were added to each container. Tarnished plant bugs and spittle bugs utilized in this study were obtained from an untreated hay field. Strawberry sap beetles were obtained from laboratory-reared colonies. The number of dead insects was recorded after 24 hrs. of exposure to the treated fruit and foliage.
Evaluation of Micromite for Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1997
Authors: French J. Victor , Villarreal Santiago 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two Micromite formulations (25 W and 4 L) were compared to Alert 2 SC and Agri-Mek 0.15 EC + NR 435 Oil standard treatments for efficacy against CRM. A randomized block design was used with each treatment replicated 4 times on plots of 6 trees in a grove of 12-yr-old ‘Ruby Red’ grapefruit trees planted on 15 X 28 ft spacing. Treatment sprays were applied on 24 Apr and reapplied on 29 May, by an FMC 1229 commercial single volute sprayer with nozzling, pressure and speed calibrated to deliver 200 gpa. At each pre- and post-spray count, 25 fruit per replicate were randomly selected and examined for CRM in situ with a 10X handlens. All live CRM were counted in two, 1-sq-cm lens fields on the shaded side of each fruit. The two counts per fruit were averaged and recorded as one observation.
Rust Mite Control on Citrus with Alert, 1997
Authors: Johnson Seth J. , Bourgeois Wayne J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Alert at two rates per acre was compared with Alert at the lower rate tank mixed with Sunspray 7E petroleum oil and Vendex 50 WP. Treatments were assigned to 3 X 3 (= 9 trees) plots in a modified RCB design, replicated 3 times on 10- to 12-ft.-tall trees with 20 X 25 ft. spacing. Treatments were applied on 30 Jun using an FMC 1029 - 1 PTO airblast sprayer with speed, nozzling, and pressure adjusted to deliver 250 gpa. At each valuation date, 20 fruit were randomly selected and examined on the center tree within each replicate using a 10X handlens. All live PCRM (except eggs) were counted in two, 1 -cm2 lens field on partially shaded sides of each fruit. The two counts per fruit were combined and recorded as one observation. The fruit were also rated for damage in terms of % fruit surface russeted and % fruit rejected from U.S. No. 1 grade. Data on PCRM counts were statistically analyzed without transformation. Data on cumulative damage ratings were statistically analyzed after arcsine transformation. Untransformed means are presented in the table for comparison.
Insecticidal Control of Brown Citrus Aphid on Sweet Orange, 1997
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Conner J. M. , Carlin P. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was conducted in a commercial block of four-year-old ‘Valencia’ orange rooted to Carrizo citrange planted on a 12 X 24 ft. spacing. A RCB block design was used with 4 replications in separate rows and 5 treatments distributed in single-row plots separated by at least one guard tree. At least 10 new shoots not yet fully expanded and heavily infested with BCA were tagged at the onset of the trial. Foliar treatments were sprayed by hand on 24 Jun using a trailer-mounted sprayer equipped with a 13” brass GunJet Spray Gun fitted with a hardened stainless steel #3 orifice disc-type nozzle. The sprayer was supplied by a gasoline-powered diaphragm pump operating at 200 psi and calibrated to deliver 101 gpa. Tagged colonies were evaluated one day prior to treatment and 2, 7, and 14 DAT using a rating scale of 0 to 6:0 = no aphids, 1 = 1-12 aphids, 2 = 12-50 aphids, 3 = 50-150 aphids, 4 = 150-500 aphids, 5 = 500-1,000 aphids, and 6 = &gt; 1,000 aphids. Average colony size was estimated at 4.6 prior to treatments. In addition, aphids were counted on 5 new pieces of the youngest flush that could be found on each tree on 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAT.
Evaluation of Miticides for Control of Pecan Leaf Scorch Mite on Pecan, 1997
Authors: Hall Michael , Shelton Richard 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trials were conducted at the Pecan Research-Extension Station on 60-year-old trees of the ‘Stuart’ cultivar. The miticides evaluated included Alert 2 SC at 0.05 and 0.10 lb (AI)/acre, Kelthane MF at 0.370 lb (AI)/acre, and TD-2383 at 0.750 lb (AI)/acre. Plots were laid out in a RCB design, with each treatment replicated 4 times. Pre-treatment counts were made on 14 Jul. Counts were made by randomly selecting and removing 10 compound leaves from each of the four trees per treatment. The leaves were then taken back to the laboratory where the number of mites and eggs found on the apical pair of leaflets were counted (40 pair of leaflets/treatment). Treatment applications were made on 15 Jul using a FMC 957 Speedsprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa. Post-treatment counts were made at 7, 14, and 21 DAT. The procedures used for making post-treatment counts were identical to those used for making pre-treatment counts.
American Walnut Aphid Control, Ft. Collins, Co 1997
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted in a small grove of walnut in Ft. Collins, CO that was heavily infested by a late-season outbreak of American walnut aphid. Treatments involved spraying of individual leaves on 1 Sep with a handpump mister to wet the leaf surfaces. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. Evaluation was done four days after treatment (5 Sep) and involved counting all aphids on four center leaflets on each treated leaf.
European Corn Borer Control, 1997
Authors: Eckenrode C. J. , Webb D. R. , Hessney M. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This planting was seeded on 25 Jun at the Fruit and Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, NY, using a tractor-powered two-row seeder planting 8 seeds/ft. Plots consisted of two rows 50 ft long with 3 ft row widths. Each plot was separated by two untreated buffer rows to minimize spray drift. Each treatment was replicated four times in a RCB design with a 20-ft buffer zone between adjacent replications. In this trial, larvae were inoculated in each plot twice, about 24 h pre- and post-spray, respectively. It was necessary to infest snap bean plots with ECB with colonies because exceedingly low levels of natural infestation of beans by this pest in this climate precluded statistical comparisons among 1 treatments. Plants were in varying stages of development (i.e., pre-bloom to pin pod) at the time of larval inoculation, the majority being in late bloom. On 18 Aug, an estimated 595 ECB first instars were placed on 30 ft of each treatment row in each replication. Before the inoculations were initiated, larvae were evenly dispersed in corncob grits. They were then applied evenly over the plants with a Davis Insect Inoculator (Bio-serv, Inc., P.O. Box 450, Frenchtown, NJ 08825). The plant foliage was moistened with water before the inoculations using a backpack sprayer so that the mix of corn cob grits and larvae would adhere to the foliage. On 19 Aug, spray treatments were applied using a CO2 powered tractor mounted six nozzle boom delivering 45 gal water/acre at 40 lbs psi. The second inoculation consisted of about 560 ECB larvae placed on only 15 ft of each treatment row on 20 Aug. Thus, there were portions of each row that received two inoculations (simulating two oviposition periods) while the rest of each row (clearly marked and staked) received only the first inoculation (simulating a single oviposition peak). Plants were inspected for ECB injury and larvae on 8 Sep by pulling out all plants in the 30-ft inoculated sections, thus including plants that were inoculated both once and twice.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control or Corn Earworm on Snap Bean, 1997
Authors: McLeod Paul 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Snap bean was planted on 28 Jul 1997,1 mile west of Stark City, MO. Plots consisted of seven 60-ft-long rows which were separated by 30-in space and one untreated row separated plots. : Experimental design was RCB with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a bicycle sprayer equipped with 10 Tee Jet 80015 nozzles calibrated to deliver 15.2 gpa at 2.4 mph. Treatments were applied 5, 10, and 17 Sep. At plant maturity (22 Sep), corn earworm were sampled by making 50 sweeps per plot and percentage pod damage was determined on 2-row meters harvested from the center 3 rows of each plot.
Evaluation of Repellents for Control of Flea Beetle on Broccoli, Co, 1997
Authors: Al-Doghairi Mohammed , Cranshaw Whitney , Gerace Dan , Al-Jaber Ahmed , Demirel Nihat , Tupy Andrea , Kramer-Wilson Karen , McElwey Sally 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Broccoli (cv. ‘Premium Crop’) was transplanted on 19 May at the Horticulture Field Research Center in Ft. Collins, CO. Plots consisted of a single row, 20 ft in length (15-in in-row spacing) arranged in RCB design with four replications. Each plot consisted of 16 plants. Repellent treatments were applied on 4, 10, 17, and 27 Jun to point of runoff with a pump mister sprayer. Insect counts were made on 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 17, 18, 20, 23, and 28 Jun, and 4 Jul by whole plant examination of 5 plants in the center of each plot.
Control of Lepidoptera on Cabbage, 1997
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Dunlap Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Hinova’ cabbage was transplanted at the Fry Farm, OARDC, Wooster, OH, on 30 Jun. Plots were 2 rows wide on 36-in centers, 39 ft long, and separated by 11-ft alleys. Plants were at 16-inch spacing within the rows. Each treatment was replicated four times in a RCB design. Treflan 4 E at 2 pts/acre was incorporated 27 Jun prior to planting. Treatments were applied 25 Aug, 3 and 18 Sep using a tractor mounted drop nozzle boom sprayer delivering 50 gpa at 50 psi with three D-4 hollow cone nozzles/row. Three plants per plot were randomly selected and inspected for DBM, ICW, and CL small (lst-2nd instars) and large (≥3rd instars) larvae, and ICW and CL eggs, on 22 Aug, 2, and 9 Sep. On 24 Sep, three plants per plot were randomly selected and destructively sampled for the above as well as pupae of each species; the heads of these three plants were weighed. To rate marketability, 20 cabbage heads per plot were inspected on 25 Sep, and rated according to Greene et al. (J. Econ. Entomol. 62(4): 798-800). Data presented are from the 24 Sep insect samples and the marketability ratings
Control of Cabbage Looper, Diamondback Moth, and Imported Cabbageworm on Cabbage with Pyrethroid Insecticides, 1997
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Baumann Donna , Parr Annika 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Bravo’ cabbage were planted in 35-ft-long 1-row plots on 31 Jul. Plants were spaced 22 inches apart in the row with 72 inches between rows. The treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 3 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 2.0 gal of water and applied with a custom-built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at ] 30 psi. Treatments were applied on 20 and 27 Aug; 5, 22 Sep and 1, 7 Oct. Foliage injury was rated on 1-6 scale as follows: 1) no apparent insect feeding; 2) minor insect feeding on wrapper or outer leaves, 0-1% leaf area eaten; 3) moderate insect feeding on wrapper or outer leaves with no head dam-1 age, 2-5% leaf area eaten; 4) moderate insect feeding on wrapper or outer leaves with minor feeding on head, 6-10% leaf head unmarketable during nor- j mal marketing conditions; 5) moderate to heavy feeding on wrapper and head leaves and moderate number of feeding scars on head, 11-30% of leaf area 1 eaten; 6) considerable insect feeding on wrapper and head leaves with head having numerous feeding scars, over 30% of leaf area eaten.
Control of Lepidopterous Insects on Cabbage, 1997
Authors: Walgenbach J. F. , Palmer C. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six-week-old field-grown cabbage ‘Rio Verde’ transplants were planted on 20 May at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station (Fletcher, NC). Plots consisted of two 25-ft-long rows on 3.5-ft. centers with plants spaced at 12 inches within rows and 7 ft of cultivated soil between treatments. Each treatment was replicated four times and arranged in a RCB design. The evaluated materials are listed in the tables and all materials were applied on 30 Jun, 8, 17, and 24 Jul, and 1 and 8 Aug. Applications were made with a tractor-mounted PTO-powered sprayer delivering 50 gpa through 3 hollow-cone nozzles per row (1 overhead and 2 drop nozzles). Lepidopterous larval populations were counted weekly on 10 plants/treatment, and on each sample date the total number of small (1st to 3rd instar) and large (&gt;3rd instar) larvae of each species was recorded. Crop quality was assessed on 30 Jul by rating 10 heads/treatment on a scale of 0-5 (description of scale in results table) and all heads receiving a rating of ≤2 were considered marketable. All data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, and means were separated by LSD (P = 0.05).