bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Ion Dynamics in Electron‐Only Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Guan Yundan , Lu Quanming , Lu San , Shu Yukang , Wang Rongsheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStandard magnetic reconnection couples with both ions and electrons on different scales. Recently, a new type of magnetic reconnection, electron‐only reconnection without the coupling of ions, has been observed in various plasma environments. Standard reconnection typically has a reconnection outflow velocity of about one Alfvén speed. According to the scaling analysis, the electron outflow velocity is expected to be about one electron Alfvén speed in electron‐only reconnection. However, observations and simulations both find that the electron outflows are much slower than the electron Alfvén speed. In this letter, by performing two‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulations, we show that this is because ions play a role in electron‐only reconnection. The ions move slower than the electrons in the outflow direction, and such charge separation forms an in‐plane Hall electric field, which prevents the electrons from being accelerated to the electron Alfvén speed in electron‐only reconnection.
Strain Partitioning in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau From Kinematic Modeling of High‐Resolution Sentinel‐1 InSAR and GNSS
Authors: Fang Jin , Wright Tim J. , Johnson Kaj M. , Ou Qi , Styron Richard , Craig Tim J. , Elliott John R. , Hooper Andy , Zheng Gang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFault slip rates estimated from geodetic data are being integrated into seismic hazard models. The standard approach requires modeling velocities and relative (micro‐)plate motions, which is challenging for fault‐based models. We present a new approach to directly invert strain rates to solve for slip rates and distributed strain simultaneously. We generate velocity and strain rate fields over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, utilizing Sentinel‐1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data spanning 2014–2023. We derive slip rates using block modeling and by inverting strain rates. Our results show a partitioning between localized strain on faults and distributed deformation. The direct inversion of strain rates matches the geodetic data best when incorporating distributed moment sources, accounting for a similar proportion to on‐fault sources. The direct strain methodology also aligns best with the independent geological slip rates, especially near fault tips. As high‐resolution strain rate fields become increasingly available, we recommend direct inversion as the preferred practice.
Plasmoids and Magnetic Field Dipolarizations During Juno's First 47 Orbits: Is Ion Acceleration Always Observed in the Dipolarizations?
Authors: Blöcker A. , Kronberg E. A. , Grigorenko E. E. , Ebert R. W. , Clark G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPlasmoids and magnetic field dipolarizations are reconnection‐related phenomena often resulting in reconfiguration of the magnetic field and energetic particle acceleration in planetary magnetotail. Building on the work of Blöcker et al. (2023) (10.1029/2023JA031312), we selected seven specific events from their magnetic field dipolarization analysis, each exhibiting distinct ion dynamics during the time interval of the magnetic field dipolarizations. To gain further insights into the understanding why certain events were associated with ion intensity variations while others were not, we analyzed plasma moments, specifically ion flow velocity and density, for these selected events. Our findings revealed that certain magnetic field dipolarizations within our database exhibit sub‐Alfvénic flows and lack the properties typically associated with reconnection‐related magnetic field dipolarizations. These magnetic field dipolarizations also do not accelerate ions. Furthermore, we present a survey of Jovian plasmoids and magnetic field dipolarizations during the first 47 orbits of Juno. Applying Juno magnetic field data, we identified 119 magnetic field dipolarizations and 94 plasmoids within a local time range of 18:00–06:00. The majority of plasmoids were detected in the predawn sector, whereas magnetic field dipolarizations were observed closer to Jupiter and were not limited to a specific local time. Combining the statistics of plasmoids and dipolarizations is useful for contextualizing them within the framework of reconnection.
Blood biomarkers of neuronal injury and astrocytic reactivity in electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Sigström Robert , Göteson Andreas , Joas Erik , Pålsson Erik , Liberg Benny , Nordenskjöld Axel , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Landén Mikael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) being recognized as an effective treatment for major depressive episodes (MDE), its application is subject to controversy due to concerns over cognitive side effects. The pathophysiology of these side effects is not well understood. Here, we examined the effects of ECT on blood-based biomarkers of neuronal injury and astrocytic reactivity. Participants with a major depressive episode (N = 99) underwent acute ECT. Blood was sampled just before (T0) and 30 min after (T1) the first ECT session, as well as just before the sixth session (T2; 48–72 h after the fifth session). Age- and sex-matched controls (N = 99) were recruited from the general population. Serum concentrations of neurofilament light chain (NfL), total tau protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were measured with ultrasensitive single-molecule array assays. Utilizing generalized least squares regression, we compared baseline (T0) biomarker concentrations against those of our control group, and calculated the shifts in serum biomarker concentrations from baseline to immediately post-first ECT session (T1), and prior to the sixth session (T2). Baseline analysis revealed that serum levels of NfL (p < 0.001) and tau (p = 0.036) were significantly elevated in ECT recipients compared with controls, whereas GFAP levels showed no significant difference. Relative to T0, serum NfL concentration neither changed at T1 (mean change 3.1%, 95%CI −0.5% to 6.7%, p = 0.088) nor at T2 (mean change −3.2%, 95%CI −7.6% to 1.5%, p = 0.18). Similarly, no change in total tau was observed (mean change 3.7%, 95%CI −11.6% to 21.7%, p = 0.65). GFAP increased from T0 to T1 (mean change 20.3%, 95%CI 14.6 to 26.3%, p < 0.001), but not from T0 to T2 (mean change −0.7%, 95%CI −5.8% to 4.8%, p = 0.82). In conclusion, our findings suggest that ECT induces a temporary increase in serum GFAP, possibly reflecting transient astrocytic activation. Importantly, we observed no indicators of neuronal damage or long-term elevation in any assessed biomarker.
Improvements to mood, stress and loneliness following 12-week multivitamin supplementation in older adults: a randomised, placebo-controlled, trial
Authors: Docherty Sarah , Wetherell Mark A. , McInnes Lynn , Haskell-Ramsay Crystal. F. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Research has indicated the potential for multivitamin-mineral (MVM) supplementation to improve aspects of wellbeing and cognitive function in older adults via a range of biological mechanisms. However, outside of cognitive function and mood, this research rarely assesses other outcomes that are pertinent to the daily lives of older adults. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a MVM supplement on meaningful outcomes of everyday functioning in older adults.

Methods
This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel groups trial investigated the effects of 12-week MVM supplementation on measures of wellbeing, mood, and memory; physical health and activity; and social interaction and loneliness. Outcomes were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks in a sample of 228 (124 female) older adults ( > 70 years).

Results
MVM supplementation had no effect on the primary outcome of wellbeing (p = 0.29 in males, p = 0.421 in females), but led to increased feelings of friendliness in females (p = 0.045). In males, following MVM, there were lower levels of prolonged stress reactivity (p = 0.007), lower overall stress reactivity (p = 0.019), and lower emotional loneliness (p = 0.042).

Conclusion
This study provides novel evidence of increased friendliness and decreased stress reactivity and loneliness following MVM supplementation in older adults. These findings support the exploration of broader functions pertinent to aspects of daily living in older adults. Sex differences in response highlight the importance of exploring effects in men and women separately and support a recommendation for the inclusion of diverse samples in future research that are representative of the population.
Arabidopsis HAK5 under low K+ availability operates as PMF powered high-affinity K+ transporter
Authors: Maierhofer Tobias , Scherzer Sönke , Carpaneto Armando , Müller Thomas D. , Pardo Jose M. , Hänelt Inga , Geiger Dietmar , Hedrich Rainer 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPlants can survive in soils of low micromolar potassium (K+) concentrations. Root K+ intake is accomplished by the K+ channel AKT1 and KUP/HAK/KT type high-affinity K+ transporters. Arabidopsis HAK5 mutants impaired in low K+ acquisition have been identified already more than two decades ago, the molecular mechanism, however, is still a matter of debate also because of lack of direct measurements of HAK5-mediated K+ currents. When we expressed AtHAK5 in Xenopus oocytes together with CBL1/CIPK23, no inward currents were elicited in sufficient K+ media. Under low K+ and inward-directed proton motive force (PMF), the inward K+ current increased indicating that HAK5 energetically couples the uphill transport of K+ to the downhill flux of H+. At extracellular K+ concentrations above 25 μM, the initial rise in current was followed by a concentration-graded inactivation. When we replaced Tyr450 in AtHAK5 to Ala the K+ affinity strongly decreased, indicating that AtHAK5 position Y450 holds a key for K+ sensing and transport. When the soil K+ concentration drops toward the range that thermodynamically cannot be covered by AKT1, the AtHAK5 K+/H+ symporter progressively takes over K+ nutrition. Therefore, optimizing K+ use efficiency of crops, HAK5 could be key for low K+ tolerant agriculture.
European pollen reanalysis, 1980–2022, for alder, birch, and olive
Authors: Sofiev Mikhail , Palamarchuk Julia , Kouznetsov Rostislav , Abramidze Tamuna , Adams-Groom Beverley , Antunes Célia M. , Ariño Arturo H. , Bastl Maximilian , Belmonte Jordina , Berger Uwe E. , Bonini Maira , Bruffaerts Nicolas , Buters Jeroen , Cariñanos Paloma , Celenk Sevcan , Ceriotti Valentina , Charalampopoulos Athanasios , Clewlow Yolanda , Clot Bernard , Dahl Aslog , Damialis Athanasios , De Linares Concepción , De Weger Letty A. , Dirr Lukas , Ekebom Agneta , Fatahi Yalda , Fernández González María , Fernández González Delia , Fernández-Rodríguez Santiago , Galán Carmen , Gedda Björn , Gehrig Regula , Geller Bernstein Carmi , Gonzalez Roldan Nestor , Grewling Lukasz , Hajkova Lenka , Hänninen Risto , Hentges François , Jantunen Juha , Kadantsev Evgeny , Kasprzyk Idalia , Kloster Mathilde , Kluska Katarzyna , Koenders Mieke , Lafférsová Janka , Leru Poliana Mihaela , Lipiec Agnieszka , Louna-Korteniemi Maria , Magyar Donát , Majkowska-Wojciechowska Barbara , Mäkelä Mika , Mitrovic Mirjana , Myszkowska Dorota , Oliver Gilles , Östensson Pia , Pérez-Badia Rosa , Piotrowska-Weryszko Krystyna , Prank Marje , Przedpelska-Wasowicz Ewa Maria , Pätsi Sanna , Rajo F. Javier Rodríguyez , Ramfjord Hallvard , Rapiejko Joanna , Rodinkova Victoria , Rojo Jesús , Ruiz-Valenzuela Luis , Rybnicek Ondrej , Saarto Annika , Sauliene Ingrida , Seliger Andreja Kofol , Severova Elena , Shalaboda Valentina , Sikoparija Branko , Siljamo Pilvi , Soares Joana , Sozinova Olga , Stangel Anders , Stjepanović Barbara , Teinemaa Erik , Tyuryakov Svyatoslav , Trigo M. Mar , Uppstu Andreas , Vill Mart , Vira Julius , Visez Nicolas , Vitikainen Tiina , Vokou Despoina , Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta , Karppinen Ari 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe dataset presents a 43 year-long reanalysis of pollen seasons for three major allergenic genera of trees in Europe: alder (Alnus), birch (Betula), and olive (Olea). Driven by the meteorological reanalysis ERA5, the atmospheric composition model SILAM predicted the flowering period and calculated the Europe-wide dispersion pattern of pollen for the years 1980–2022. The model applied an extended 4-dimensional variational data assimilation of in-situ observations of aerobiological networks in 34 European countries to reproduce the inter-annual variability and trends of pollen production and distribution. The control variable of the assimilation procedure was the total pollen release during each flowering season, implemented as an annual correction factor to the mean pollen production. The dataset was designed as an input to studies on climate-induced and anthropogenically driven changes in the European vegetation, biodiversity monitoring, bioaerosol modelling and assessment, as well as, in combination with intra-seasonal observations, for health-related applications.
Energy dataset of Frontier supercomputer for waste heat recovery
Authors: Sun Jian , Gao Zhiming , Grant David , Nawaz Kashif , Wang Pengtao , Yang Cheng-Min , Boudreaux Philip , Kowalski Stephen , Huff Shean 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Hewlett Packard Enterprise–Cray EX Frontier is the world’s first and fastest exascale supercomputer, hosted at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility in Tennessee, United States. Frontier is a significant electricity consumer, drawing 8–30 MW; this massive energy demand produces significant waste heat, requiring extensive cooling measures. Although harnessing this waste heat for campus heating is a sustainability goal at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the 30 °C–38 °C waste heat temperature poses compatibility issues with standard HVAC systems. Heat pump systems, prevalent in residential settings and some industries, can efficiently upgrade low-quality heat to usable energy for buildings. Thus, heat pump technology powered by renewable electricity offers an efficient, cost-effective solution for substantial waste heat recovery. However, a major challenge is the absence of benchmark data on high-performance computing (HPC) heat generation and waste heat profiles. This paper reports power demand and waste heat measurements from an ORNL HPC data centre, aiming to guide future research on optimizing waste heat recovery in large-scale data centres, especially those of HPC calibre.
Thiosulfate leaching in carbonaceous gold-bearing ores in Ethiopia
Authors: Chaka Kaleb Jia , Rupprecht Steven M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOne of the main unit operations in metallurgical processing plant designs is gold leaching. The traditional cyanidation process was chosen and is currently in widespread use. However, the mining sector is looking for lixiviants other than cyanide. Cyanide’s effects on the environment have made it difficult for humans and other biotic creatures to survive. There is now research to discover a substitute for this cyanide. It is currently argued that thiosulfate is a preferable substitute for cyanide. The effectiveness of thiosulfate as a leaching agent in carbonaceous gold-bearing ores in Ethiopia is discussed in this paper compared to cyanide. The study has looked into the advantages of employing thiosulfate over cyanide from a technical, and economic standpoint. The leaching effects of both lixiviants on carbonaceous gold-bearing ores extracted from MIDROC Legadembi Open Pit mine in Southern Ethiopia, Oromia region, were examined in a laboratory experiment. After 48 h of leaching, it was discovered that thiosulfate has a better and quicker recovery of 91.54% over 61.70% of cyanide recovery. Tables and graphs are used to demonstrate thiosulfate’s technical advantage over cyanide. As a result, this paper provides evidence regarding the Legadembi gold mine in Ethiopia’s amenability to thiosulfate leaching on carbonaceous gold-bearing ores. A further research perspective is also sought for thiosulfate leaching in other refractory ores.
Synergistic effects of thermally reduced graphene oxide/zinc oxide composite material on microbial infection for wound healing applications
Authors: Hassen A. , Moawed E. A. , Bahy Rehab , El Basaty A. B. , El-Sayed S. , Ali Ahmed I. , Tayel A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInfections originating from pathogenic microorganisms can significantly impede the natural wound-healing process. To address this obstacle, innovative bio-active nanomaterials have been developed to enhance antibacterial capabilities. This study focuses on the preparation of nanocomposites from thermally reduced graphene oxide and zinc oxide (TRGO/ZnO). The hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize these nanocomposites, and their physicochemical properties were comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. Subsequently, the potential of TRGO/ZnO nanocomposites as bio-active materials against wound infection-causing bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, was evaluated. Furthermore, the investigated samples show disrupted bacterial biofilm formation. A reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay was conducted to investigate the mechanism of nanocomposite inhibition against bacteria and for further in-vivo determination of antimicrobial activity. The MTT assay was performed to ensure the safety and biocompatibility of nanocomposite. The results suggest that TRGO/ZnO nanocomposites have the potential to serve as effective bio-active nanomaterials for combating pathogenic microorganisms present in wounds.
Advanced maternal age affects their frozen-thawed embryo susceptibility to high oxygen environment
Authors: Predheepan Dhakshanya , Salian Sujith Raj , Uppangala Shubhashree , Kalthur Guruprasad , Kovačič Borut , Adiga Satish Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPreimplantation embryos can experience stress from laboratory interventions and a sub-optimal culture environment. Though research has demonstrated advanced maternal age impairs oocyte quality, the response of embryos derived from such oocytes to vitrification-thawing and culture in a high oxygen (O2) environment in the assisted reproductive technology laboratory is unknown. Therefore, in this study, embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) using oocytes from two- and eight-month-old Swiss albino mice were vitrified and thawed during their 6–8 cell stage. and cultured at low oxygen (5%) tension (LOT) and high oxygen (20%) tension (HOT). Embryo development, apoptosis, inner cell mass (ICM) outgrowth proliferation ability in vitro and pluripotency were assessed. Embryos from advanced maternal age cultured at HOT showed reduced fertilizing ability (p < 0.05), poor survival post-thawing (p < 0.05), and increased apoptosis (p < 0.01) in comparison to sibling embryos cultured at LOT. Importantly, the extended culture of vitrified-thawed embryos from advanced maternal age led to a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in complete ICM outgrowth formation at HOT in comparison to the LOT environment. The findings of this study suggest that HOT is detrimental to embryos from advanced maternal age, and importantly, vitrified-thawed embryos are more susceptible to stress, which could have negative implications, especially during the peri-implantation developmental period.
Records reveal the vast historical extent of European oyster reef ecosystems
Authors: Thurstan Ruth H. , McCormick Hannah , Preston Joanne , Ashton Elizabeth C. , Bennema Floris P. , Cetinić Ana Bratoš , Brown Janet H. , Cameron Tom C. , da Costa Fiz , Donnan David W. , Ewers Christine , Fortibuoni Tomaso , Galimany Eve , Giovanardi Otello , Grancher Romain , Grech Daniele , Hayden-Hughes Maria , Helmer Luke , Jensen K. Thomas , Juanes José A. , Latchford Janie , Moore Alec B. M. , Moutopoulos Dimitrios K. , Nielsen Pernille , von Nordheim Henning , Ondiviela Bárbara , Peter Corina , Pogoda Bernadette , Poulsen Bo , Pouvreau Stéphane , Roberts Callum M. , Scherer Cordula , Smaal Aad C. , Smyth David , Strand Åsa , Theodorou John A. , zu Ermgassen Philine S. E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic activities have impacted marine ecosystems at extraordinary scales. Biogenic reef ecosystems built by the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) typically declined before scientific monitoring. The past form and extent of these habitats thus remains unknown, with such information potentially providing valuable perspectives for current management and policy. Collating >1,600 records published over 350 years, we created a map of historical oyster reef presence at the resolution of 10 km2 across its biogeographic range, including documenting abundant reef habitats along the coasts of France, Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Spatial extent data were available from just 26% of locations yet totalled >1.7 million hectares (median reef size = 29.9 ha, range 0.01–1,536,000 ha), with 190 associated macrofauna species from 13 phyla described. Our analysis demonstrates that oyster reefs were once a dominant three-dimensional feature of European coastlines, with their loss pointing to a fundamental restructuring and ‘flattening’ of coastal and shallow-shelf seafloors. This unique empirical record demonstrates the highly degraded nature of European seas and provides key baseline context for international restoration commitments.
Stimulus duration encoding occurs early in the moth olfactory pathway
Authors: Barta Tomas , Monsempès Christelle , Demondion Elodie , Chatterjee Abhishek , Kostal Lubomir , Lucas Philippe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPheromones convey rich ethological information and guide insects’ search behavior. Insects navigating in turbulent environments are tasked with the challenge of coding the temporal structure of an odor plume, obliging recognition of the onset and offset of whiffs of odor. The coding mechanisms that shape odor offset recognition remain elusive. We designed a device to deliver sharp pheromone pulses and simultaneously measured the response dynamics from pheromone-tuned olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in male moths and Drosophila. We show that concentration-invariant stimulus duration encoding is implemented in moth ORNs by spike frequency adaptation at two time scales. A linear-nonlinear model fully captures the underlying neural computations and offers an insight into their biophysical mechanisms. Drosophila use pheromone cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA) only for very short distance communication and are not faced with the need to encode the statistics of the cVA plume. Their cVA-sensitive ORNs are indeed unable to encode odor-off events. Expression of moth pheromone receptors in Drosophila cVA-sensitive ORNs indicates that stimulus-offset coding is receptor independent. In moth ORNs, stimulus-offset coding breaks down for short ( < 200 ms) whiffs. This physiological constraint matches the behavioral latency of switching from the upwind surge to crosswind cast flight upon losing contact with the pheromone.