bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilization by unbounded‐variation noises
Authors: Nishimura Yûki 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we claim the availability of deterministic noises for stabilization of the origins of dynamical systems, provided that the noises have unbounded variations. To achieve the result, we first consider the system representations of rough systems based on rough path analysis; then, we provide the notion of asymptotic stability for rough systems to analyze the stability for the systems. In the procedure, we also confirm that the system representations include stochastic differential equations; we also found that asymptotic stability for rough systems is the same property as uniform almost sure asymptotic stability provided by Bardi and Cesaroni. After the discussion, we confirm that there is a case that deterministic noises are capable of making the origin become asymptotically stable for rough systems while stochastic noises do not achieve the same stabilization results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stronger public key encryption system withstanding RAM scraper like attacks
Authors: Sivanandam Sree Vivek , Selvi Selvaraj Sharmila Deva , Srinivasan Akshayaram , Chandrasekaran Pandu Rangan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe indistinguishability of ciphertext under the chosen ciphertext attack (IND‐CCA2) is often considered to offer the strongest security notion for a public key encryption system. Nowadays, because of the availability of powerful malwares, an adversary is able to obtain “more” information than what he could obtain in the CCA2 security model. In order to realistically model the threats posed by such malwares, we need to empower the adversary to obtain additional information. This paper initiates a research to counter malwares such as RAM scrapers and extend the CCA2 model with oracles providing additional information to capture the effect of RAM scrapers precisely. We call this more stronger security notion as glass box decryption. After discussing the new kind of attack/threat and the related oracle, we show that almost all CCA2 secure systems are vulnerable to this kind of attack. We then propose a new system that offers security against glass box decryption and provide the formal security proof for the new system in the standard model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating a strategy to deliver vaccine to white‐tailed deer at a landscape level
Authors: Fischer Justin W. , Blass Chad R. , Walter W. David , Anderson Charles W. , Lavelle Michael J. , Hall Wayne H. , VerCauteren Kurt C. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTEffective delivery of vaccines and other pharmaceuticals to wildlife populations is needed when zoonotic diseases pose a risk to public health and natural resources or have considerable economic consequences. The objective of our study was to develop a bait‐distribution strategy for potential delivery of oral bovine tuberculosis (bTB) vaccine to white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) where deer are reservoirs for the disease. During 17 February and 2 March 2011, we created a grid of experimental bait stations (n = 64) on Sandhill Wildlife Management Area, Wisconsin, USA, to assess station densities needed to attract and deliver placebo baits to free‐ranging white‐tailed deer and look for associations among deer density, number of bait stations per deer, and bait consumption. We placed 1 L of commercially available alfalfa cubes at bait stations 652 m apart, and monitored stations with motion‐activated cameras for 5 days to document visitation and consumption by deer and nontarget species. Deer discovered 38% of all bait stations within 37 hr, on average (SE = 3.91 hr), and consumed variable amounts of bait at each station. Deer were documented in 94% of all photographs of wildlife at bait stations. We found no correlation between bait consumption and deer density or the number of bait stations per deer. We provide the first information on use of baits by free‐ranging deer and nontarget wildlife to eventually vaccinate deer against bTB at a landscape level. The results of this study can further the development of strategies in delivery of pharmaceuticals to free‐ranging white‐tailed deer. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Recurrent Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax is Common Following Chest Tube and Conservative Treatment
Authors: Olesen Winnie Hedevang , Lindahl‐Jacobsen Rune , Katballe Niels , Sindby Jesper Eske , Titlestad Ingrid Louise , Andersen Poul Erik , Licht Peter Bjørn 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies on primary spontaneous pneumothorax reported variable recurrence rates, but they were based on heterogeneous patient populations including secondary pneumothorax. We investigated young patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax exclusively and used a national registry to track readmissions and calculate independent predictors of recurrence.MethodsA prospective cohort study of consecutive young patients who were admitted over a 5‐year period with their first episode of primary spontaneous pneumothorax and treated conservatively with a chest tube. Baseline characteristics were obtained from questionnaires presented on admittance. All patients were discharged with fully expanded lungs on chest radiography. Patient charts were identified in the national electronic patient registry for detailed information on readmissions due to recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax.ResultsWe included 234 patients. Male/female = ratio 5/1. After a median observation period of 3.6 years (range 1–6 years), recurrent pneumothorax was observed in 54 %. Ipsilateral recurrence was the most common (79 %) but 30 % also experienced contralateral pneumothorax during the study period. Females had a significantly higher age at debut (p < 0.01) and experienced significantly more recurrences over time (p < 0.01). Low body weight (<60 kg) was an independent predictor of recurrence and patients with repeated recurrences were significantly younger at debut (p = 0.01).ConclusionsPrimary spontaneous pneumothorax in younger patients with their first episode had a much higher recurrence rate than previously reported. Every doctor who treats patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax should be aware and patients informed.
On the origin of 3‐methylglutaconic acid in disorders of mitochondrial energy metabolism
Authors: Ikon Nikita , Ryan Robert O. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract3‐methylglutaconic acid (3MGA)‐uria occurs in numerous inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) associated with compromised mitochondrial energy metabolism. This organic acid arises from thioester cleavage of 3‐methylglutaconyl CoA (3MG CoA), an intermediate in leucine catabolism. In individuals harboring mutations in 3MG CoA hydratase (i.e., primary 3MGA‐uria), dietary leucine is the source of 3MGA. In secondary 3MGA‐uria, however, no leucine metabolism defects have been reported. While others have suggested 3MGA arises from aberrant isoprenoid shunting from cytosol to mitochondria, an alternative route posits that 3MG CoA arises in three steps from mitochondrial acetyl CoA. Support for this biosynthetic route in IEMs is seen by its regulated occurrence in microorganisms. The fungus, Ustilago maydis, the myxobacterium, Myxococcus xanthus and the marine cyanobacterium, Lyngbya majuscule, generate 3MG CoA (or acyl carrier protein derivative) in the biosynthesis of iron chelating siderophores, iso‐odd chain fatty acids and polyketide/nonribosomal peptide products, respectively. The existence of this biosynthetic machinery in these organisms supports a model wherein, under conditions of mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of acetyl CoA in the inner mitochondrial space as a result of inefficient fuel utilization drives de novo synthesis of 3MG CoA. Since humans lack the downstream biosynthetic capability of the organisms mentioned above, as 3MG CoA levels rise, thioester hydrolysis yields 3MGA, which is excreted in urine as unspent fuel. Understanding the metabolic origins of 3MGA may increase its utility as a biomarker.
Antenatal Diagnosis of Prune Belly Syndrome
Authors: Gupta Ashutosh , Sehgal Renu Raina , Vasdev Nandini , Mehta Sanjay , Saini Pankaj 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPrune belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare congenital abnormality characterized by classical triad of urinary tract abnormalities, deficient abdominal musculature, and bilateral cryptorchidism. We present a prenatally diagnosed case of PBS identified at 12 weeks. Antenatal ultrasound study showed fetal bladder and abdomen to be enormously enlarged filling up whole of fetal abdomen with bilateral clubfeet. Gross examination showed very thin parchment-like defective anterior abdominal wall with protrusion of the abdominal contents. Microscopic examination showed hypoplasia of the abdominal muscle with overlying thin layer of epidermis. The histopathology examination of the abdominal wall muscles demonstrates a pattern of developmental arrest rather than one of atrophy consequent to early and severe obstruction. There is also absence of aponeurotic layer. Antenatal suspicion of PBS was corroborated on postnatal gross examination of the fetus and further confirmed on histopathological examination of the fetus.
Massacres, Majorities and Money: Reparation after Sectarian Violence in India
Authors: CHOPRA Surabhi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article evaluates reparation by the state after four of the worst episodes of violence against religious minorities in independent India. Examining official records obtained through India’s law on the right to information, I analyze government aid to victims after identity-based massacres over a 20-year period. I argue that there is a well-established repertoire of assistive measures after sectarian violence but, despite the resources available within a politically stable state, aid for victims of mass violence in India is unimaginative and meagre. I argue further that the political opportunity structure for reparations is limited by the fact that sectarian mobilization is embedded within electoral politics in India. Just as sectarian politics led governments to tolerate mass violence, it constricts the checks and balances that might lead to adequate reparation after violence subsides. I then suggest that opportunities to negotiate better reparation for victims expand over time, and propose that a law on reparation would constrain state bias and strengthen opportunities for victims to demand the support that they need.
Elevation change, mass balance, dynamics and surging of Langjökull, Iceland from 1997 to 2007
Authors: POPE ALLEN , WILLIS IAN C. , PÁLSSON FINNUR , ARNOLD NEIL S. , REES W. GARETH , BJÖRNSSON HELGI , GREY LAUREN 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTGlaciers and ice caps around the world are changing quickly, with surge-type behaviour superimposed upon climatic forcing. Here, we study Iceland's second largest ice cap, Langjökull, which has both surge- and non-surge-type outlets. By differencing elevation change with surface mass balance, we estimate the contribution of ice dynamics to elevation change. We use DEMs, in situ stake measurements, regional reanalyses and a mass-balance model to calculate the vertical ice velocity. Thus, we not only compare the geodetic, modelled and glaciological mass balances, but also map spatial variations in glacier dynamics. Maps of emergence and submergence velocity successfully highlight the 1998 surge and subsequent quiescence of one of Langjökull's outlets by visualizing both source and sink areas. In addition to observing the extent of traditional surge behaviour (i.e. mass transfer from the accumulation area to the ablation area followed by recharge of the source area), we see peripheral areas where the surge impinged upon an adjacent ridge and subsequently retreated. While mass balances are largely in good agreement, discrepancies between modelled and geodetic mass balance may be explained by inaccurate estimates of precipitation, saturated adiabatic lapse rate or degree-day factors. Nevertheless, the study was ultimately able to investigate dynamic surge behaviour in the absence of in situ measurements during the surge.
Macronutrient intake and food sources in the very old: analysis of the Newcastle 85+ Study
Authors: Mendonça Nuno , Hill Tom R. , Granic Antoneta , Davies Karen , Collerton Joanna , Mathers John C. , Siervo Mario , Wrieden Wendy L. , Seal Chris J. , Kirkwood Thomas B. L. , Jagger Carol , Adamson Ashley J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFood and nutrient intake data are scarce in very old adults (85 years and older) – one of the fastest growing age segments of Western societies, including the UK. Our primary objective was to assess energy and macronutrient intakes and respective food sources in 793 85-year-olds (302 men and 491 women) living in North-East England and participating in the Newcastle 85+ cohort Study. Dietary information was collected using a repeated multiple-pass recall (2×24 h recalls). Energy, macronutrient and NSP intakes were estimated, and the contribution (%) of food groups to nutrient intake was calculated. The median energy intake was 6·65 (interquartile ranges (IQR) 5·49–8·16) MJ/d – 46·8 % was from carbohydrates, 36·8 % from fats and 15·7 % from proteins. NSP intake was 10·2 g/d (IQR 7·3–13·7). NSP intake was higher in non-institutionalised, more educated, from higher social class and more physically active 85-year-olds. Cereals and cereal products were the top contributors to intakes of energy and most macronutrients (carbohydrates, non-milk extrinsic sugars, NSP and fat), followed by meat and meat products. The median intakes of energy and NSP were much lower than the estimated average requirement for energy (9·6 MJ/d for men and 7·7 MJ/d for women) and the dietary reference value (DRV) for NSP (≥18 g/d). The median SFA intake was higher than the DRV (≤11 % of dietary energy). This study highlights the paucity of data on dietary intake and the uncertainties about DRV for this age group.
Effect of BMI and fat mass on HIV disease progression in HIV-infected, antiretroviral treatment-naïve adults in Botswana
Authors: Martinez S. S. , Campa A. , Bussmann H. , Moyo S. , Makhema J. , Huffman F. G. , Williams O. D. , Essex M. , Marlink R. , Baum M. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAn obesity paradox has been proposed in many conditions including HIV. Studies conducted to investigate obesity and its effect on HIV disease progression have been inconclusive and are lacking for African settings. This study investigated the relationship between overweight/obesity (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and HIV disease progression in HIV+ asymptomatic adults not on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Botswana over 18 months. A cohort study in asymptomatic, ART-naïve, HIV+ adults included 217 participants, 139 with BMI of 18·0–24·9 kg/m2 and seventy-eight participants with BMI≥25 kg/m2. The primary outcome was time to event (≥25 % decrease in cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell count) during 18 months of follow-up; secondary outcomes were time to event of CD4 cell count<250 cells/µl and AIDS-defining conditions. Proportional survival hazard models were used to compare hazard ratios (HR) on time to events of HIV disease progression over 18 months. Higher baseline BMI was associated with significantly lower risk of an AIDS-defining condition during the follow-up (HR 0·218; 95 % CI 0·068, 0·701; P=0·011). Higher fat mass at baseline was also significantly associated with decreased risk of AIDS-defining conditions during the follow-up (HR 0·855; 95 % CI 0·741, 0·987; P=0·033) and the combined outcome of having CD4 cell count≤250/µl and AIDS-defining conditions, whichever occurred earlier (HR 0·918; 95 % CI 0·847, 0·994; P=0·036). All models were adjusted for covariates. Higher BMI and fat mass among the HIV-infected, ART-naïve participants were associated with slower disease progression. Mechanistic research is needed to evaluate the association between BMI, fat mass and HIV disease progression.
Metabolism ofα-linolenic acid during incubations with strained bovine rumen contents: products and mechanisms
Authors: Honkanen Anne M. , Leskinen Heidi , Toivonen Vesa , McKain Nest , Wallace R. John , Shingfield Kevin J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDescription ofα-linolenic acid (cis-9,cis-12,cis-15-18 : 3, ALA) metabolism in the rumen is incomplete. Ruminal digesta samples were incubated with ALA and buffer containing water or deuterium oxide to investigate the products and mechanisms of ALA biohydrogenation. Geometric Δ9,11,15-18 : 3 isomers were the main intermediates formed from ALA. An increase in then+1 isotopomers of Δ9,11,15-18 : 3 was due to2H labelling at C-13. Isomers of Δ9,11,13-18 : 3,cis-7,cis-12,cis-15-18 : 3 andcis-8,cis-12,cis-15-18 : 3 were also formed. No increase inn+1 isotopomers of Δ7,12,15-18 : 3 or Δ8,12,15-18 : 3 was detected. Enrichment inn+2 isotopomers of 18 : 2 products indicated that ALA metabolism continued via the reduction of 18 : 3 intermediates. Isomers of Δ9,11,15-18 : 3 were reduced to Δ11,15-18 : 2 labelled at C-9 and C-13. ALA resulted in the formation of Δ11,13-18 : 2 and Δ12,14-18 : 2 containing multiple2H labels. Enrichment of then+3 isotopomer of Δ12,15-18 : 2 was also detected. Metabolism of ALA during incubations with rumen contents occurs by one of three distinct pathways. Formation of Δ9,11,15-18 : 3 appears to be initiated by H abstraction on C-13. Octadecatrienoic intermediates containingcis-12 andcis-15 double bonds are formed without an apparent H exchange with water. Labelling of Δ9,11,13-18 : 3 was inconclusive, suggesting formation by an alternative mechanism. These findings explain the appearance of several bioactive fatty acids in muscle and milk that influence the nutritional value of ruminant-derived foods.
Biological activity of two new pyrrole derivatives against stored-product species: influence of temperature and relative humidity
Authors: Boukouvala M.C. , Kavallieratos N.G. , Athanassiou C.G. , Hadjiarapoglou L.P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMembers of the pyrrole group are likely to have interesting properties that merit additional investigation as insecticides at the post-harvest stages of agricultural commodities. In the present work, the insecticidal effect of two new pyrrole derivatives, ethyl 3-(benzylthio)-4,6-dioxo-5-phenyl-2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-carboxylate (3i) and isopropyl 3-(benzylthio)-4,6-dioxo-5-phenyl-2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-carboxylate (3k) were studied as stored-wheat protectants against two major stored-product insect species, the confused flour beetle,Tribolium confusumJaquelin du Val adults and larvae and the Mediterranean flour moth,Ephestia kuehniellaZeller larvae at different doses (0.1, 1 and 10 ppm), exposure intervals (7, 14 and 21 days), temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C) and relative humidity (55 and 75%) levels. ForT. confusumadults, in the case of the pyrrole derivative 3i, mortality was low and it did not exceed 32.2% in wheat treated with 10 ppm 3i at 30°C and 55% relative humidity. Progeny production was very low (<1 individual/vial) in all combinations of 55% relative humidity, including control. In the case of the pyrrole derivative 3k, mortality reached 67.8% at 30°C and 55% relative humidity in wheat treated with 10 ppm after 21 days of exposure. Progeny production was low in all tested combinations (≤0.7 individuals/vial) of 55% relative humidity, including control. ForT. confusumlarvae, in the case of the pyrrole derivative 3i, at the highest dose, mortality was 82.2% at 25°C and 55% relative humidity whereas in the case of 3k it reached 77.8% at the same combination. In contrast, mortality at 75% relative humidity remained very low and did not exceed 13.3%. ForE. kuehniellalarvae, the highest mortalities, 44.4 and 63.3%, were observed in 10 ppm at 25°C and 55% relative humidity for both pyrrole derivatives. The compounds tested here have a certain insecticidal effect, but this effect is moderated by the exposure, the target species, the temperature and the relative humidity.
Clinical evaluation of acute phase nystagmus associated with cerebellar lesions
Authors: Ogawa Y , Otsuka K , Hagiwara A , Inagaki T , Shimizu S , Nagai N , Konomi U , Itani S , Kondo T , Suzuki M 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectives:To determine the characteristics of acute phase nystagmus in patients with cerebellar lesions, and to identify a useful indicator for differentiating central lesions from peripheral lesions.Methods:Acute phase nystagmus and the appearance of neurological symptoms were retrospectively investigated in 11 patients with cerebellar stroke.Results:At the initial visit, there were no patients with vertical nystagmus, direction-changing gaze evoked nystagmus or pure rotatory nystagmus. There were four cases with no nystagmus and seven cases with horizontal nystagmus at the initial visit. There were no neurological symptoms, except for vertigo and hearing loss, in any cases at the initial visit. The direction and type of nystagmus changed with time, and neurological symptoms other than vertigo appeared subsequently to admission.Conclusion:It is important to observe the changes in nystagmus and other neurological findings for the differential diagnosis of central lesions.
On Intimate Choices and Troubles in Rural South China
Authors: SANTOS GONÇALO 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article explores how marriage practices and intimate relations are being refashioned in reform-era China in the context of increasingly entangled intersections between private negotiations and public dialogues in law, state policy, science, and the media. Based on long-term field research in impoverished rural areas, the article focuses on the intersections between intimate practices of the everyday and large-scale projects of social engineering aimed at turning ordinary ‘peasants’ into ‘modern civilized citizens’. The article draws particular attention to the important role played by the Birth Planning Policy in shaping local reproductive practices and intimate structures, but the approach developed here to make sense of the impact of globalized neo-Malthusian state interventions on local realities considers also the perspective and the agency of ordinary individuals and communities. Instead of assuming that changes in local practices follow primarily from the impact of external forces such as state policies and technologies of birth planning, the article suggests that local practices and global forces co-produce each other through ‘frictions’ of various kinds. This focus on the micro-macro intersections of what I call here the ‘techno-politics of intimacy’ joins recent efforts in the humanities and social sciences to move beyond conventional top-down approaches to global intimate transformations.
Is it Better to Cry in a BMW or to Laugh on a Bicycle? Marriage, ‘financial performance anxiety’, and the production of class in Nanjing (People's Republic of China)
Authors: ZAVORETTI ROBERTA 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDrawing on ethnographic data collected in the city of Nanjing, China, the article analyses discursive practices of courtship and marriage in the context of post-Mao and post-Deng economic, social, and legal developments. Informants’ discussions often revolve around the tension between the idea that marriage should be about love and the increasing material demands that prospective grooms face upon marriage in a market-led consumer society. This tension also emerges in media debates on the hedonistic attitude of Ma Nuo, a contestant on the matchmaking programmeFeicheng Wurao(If you are the one). Informants, on the other hand, articulate their feelings in terms of family responsibility and pursue marriages that, while based on choice, may also ensure financial stability and parental approval.