bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stem the blood flow: beneficial impact of bevacizumab on survival of subventricular zone glioblastoma patients
Authors: Laviv Yosef , Regev Ohad , Kanner Andrew A. , Fichman Susana , Limon Dror , Siegal Tali , Yust-Katz Shlomit , Benouaich-Amiel Alexandra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Angiogenesis is a crucial step in tumorigenesis of glioblastoma (GBM). Bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drug, is approved for second-line therapy for GBM. Glioma stem cells, presumably the cell of origin of GBM, take an active role in angiogenesis. The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the brain’s largest reservoir of neural stem cells, and GBM near this region (SVZ GBM) is associated with a poor prognosis. This study aims to evaluate the potential impact of second-line bevacizumab treatment on survival in patients with SVZ GBM.

Methods
The electronic medical records of adult patients with newly diagnosed SVZ GDM under treated between 1/2011 and 12/2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical, surgical, radiological, and outcome parameters were compared between patients treated with bevacizumab after first relapse to patients without such treatment.

Results
The cohort included 67 patients. 45 (67.1%) were treated with bevacizumab after the first relapse while 22 (32.9%) were not. The only statistically significant difference between groups was the rate of re-surgery, which was higher in the non-bevacizumab group (40.9% vs. 15.6%; p = 0.023), indicating that the groups were quite homogenous. In general, bevacizumab as a second-line treatment did not affect OS in SVZ GBM cases. However, it significantly prolongs survival time from 1st relapse by an average of more than 4 months, including after adjustment to re-surgery variable (HR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.34–0.94, p = 0.028 and HR = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.34–0.97, PV = 0.038; respectively). Furthermore, when adjusting to time from diagnosis to 1st relapse, bevacizumab treatment was also associated with prolonged OS (HR = 0.58; p = 0.043). In a subgroup analysis, comparing patients treated with both re-surgery and bevacizumab to patients treated in any other way, patients with the combined treatment had the longest mean OS of the entire cohort (22.16 ± 7.81 m vs. 13.60 ± 6.86, p = 0.049; HR = 0.361 95%CI 0.108–1.209, p = 0.085).

Conclusions
The use of bevacizumab as a second-line therapy in SVZ GBM cases may positively affect survival after relapse, even when given as a monotherapy. Additionally, in certain yet-to-be-identified sub-populations, bevacizumab may even extend overall survival. Further research is required to accurately identify SVZ GBM patients who would benefit most from anti-angiogenic therapy.
Deformed archaeological remains at Lilybaeum in Western Sicily (southern Italy): possible ground signatures of a missed large earthquake
Authors: Barreca G. , Pepe F. , Sulli A. , Morreale G. , Gambino S. , Morticelli M. Gasparo , Grassi S. , Monaco C. , Imposa S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Archaeoseismic analysis performed in Western Sicily points to deformed archeological remains at Lilybaeum, a Punic coastal city founded in 397 B.C. at the Island’s westernmost edge. Starting from the direct observation of deformed ruins, an interdisciplinary work strategy, which included field-structural analysis, drone-shot high-resolution aerial photogrammetry, and geophysical prospecting, was employed to investigate whether the identified deformations may represent the ground effects of a previously unknown large earthquake in the area. Among the unearthed remains, some mosaics and a stone-paved monumental avenue show evidence of tectonic deformation, being fractured, folded, and uplifted. The trend of folding and fracturing is consistent with the NNW–SSE oriented tectonic max stress axis to which Western Sicily is currently subjected. Displacement along a fracture deforming the Decumanus Maximus together with the finding of a domino-type directional collapse, enable us to interpret the observed deformation as the ground signature of a coseismic slip. The seismic rupture occurred along a previously unmapped deformation front that fits well within the seismotectonic context of Western Sicily. Measured offset, geophysical prospecting, and age-constraints all suggest the possibility that a highly-energetic earthquake nucleated in the area following a coseismic rupture along a NE–SW trending back-verging reverse fault towards the end of the fourth century CE. Since seismic catalogs do not provide evidence of such a large earthquake, this event might represent a missed entry in the historical seismic record. This finding provides constraints to redefine the seismic hazard of Western Sicily, a region where recurrence-time intervals for large earthquakes are still unknown.
Geographical Variation in the Associations Between School Characteristics and Homophobic Bullying: a Contextual Analysis
Authors: Ioverno Salvatore , McCurdy Amy , Russell Stephen T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHomophobic bullying constitutes a serious threat to adolescent well-being and could be understood as an ecological phenomenon, influenced by diverse school, regional, and community contexts. This study examined geographic variations in the relationship between school characteristics and homophobic bullying. Data from 2244 California schools, including student surveys and administrative records, were combined and analyzed using geographically weighted regression (GWR). Results showed that the associations between school characteristics and general victimization were consistent across geographic areas. However, when it came to homophobic bullying, the relationships with school characteristics varied significantly based on location. Notably, regions with high intolerance, urbanity, large school size, and small student–teacher ratios appeared to offer protection against bullying. Additionally, student socioeconomic status influenced bullying in disadvantaged rural schools with limited Gay-Straight Alliance (GSA) presence. Ethnic diversity also played a role, with low diversity or dominance of two ethnic groups linked to higher bullying rates.
The “SEP Clock”: A Discussion of First Proton Arrival Times in Wide-Spread Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Posner A. , Richardson I. G. , Strauss R. D.-T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis work analyzes the appearance of wide-spread deka-MeV solar energetic proton (SEP) events, in particular the arrival of the first protons within ≈ 4.5 – 45 MeV measured at Earth–Sun L1, and their relationship with their relative solar source longitude. The definition of “wide-spread SEP event” for this study refers to events that are observed as a 25 MeV proton intensity increase at near 1 AU locations that are separated by at least 130∘ in solar longitude. Many of these events are seen at all three of the spacecraft, STEREO (Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory) A, STEREO B, and SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory), and may therefore extend far beyond 130∘ in longitude around the Sun. A large subset of these events have already been part of a study by Richardson et al. (Solar Phys., 289, 3059, 2014). The event source region identifications draw from this study; more recent events have also been added. Our focus is on answering two specific questions: (1) What is the maximum longitude over which SEP protons show energy dispersion, i.e., a clear sign of arrival of higher-energy protons before those of lower energy? (2) What implications can be drawn from the ensemble of events observed regarding either direct magnetic connectivity to shocks and/or cross-field transport from the site of the eruption in the onset phase of the event?
Is There a Genetic Relationship Between Chondrules and Matrix?
Authors: van Kooten Elishevah M. M. E. , Brearley Adrian , Ebel Denton S. , Alexander Conel M. O. ’D. , Gemma Marina E. , Hezel Dominik C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChondritic components such as chondrules and matrix are the key time capsules that can help us understand the evolution and dynamics of the protoplanetary disk from which the Solar System originated. Knowledge of where and how these components formed and to what extent they were transported in the gaseous disk provides major constraints to astrophysical models that investigate planet formation. Here, we explore whether chondrules and matrix are genetically related to each other and formed from single reservoirs per chondrite group or if every chondrite represents a unique proportion of components transported from a small number of formation reservoirs in the disk. These ‘static versus dynamic disk’ interpretations of cosmochemical data have profound implications for the accretion history of the planets in the Solar System. To fully understand the relationship between chondrules and matrix and their potential “complementarity”, we dive into the petrological nature and origin of matrix, the chemical and isotopic compositions of chondrules and matrix and evaluate these data considering the effect of secondary alteration observed in chondrites and the potential complexity of chondrule formation. Even though we, the authors, have used different datasets and arrived at differing interpretations of chondrule-matrix relationships in the past, this review provides clarity on the existing data and has given us new directions towards future research that can resolve the complementarity debate.
Permeabilization of Calendula officinalis L. hairy root cultures for the release of accumulated triterpenoid saponins
Authors: Kamiński Jakub , Bujak Piotr , Długosz Marek 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTriterpenoid saponins, which are glycosidic derivatives of oleanolic acid, demonstrate numerous pharmacological properties. The hairy root cultures of marigold accumulate these phytoanticipins mainly in vacuoles, which may contain up to 40% of the triterpene glycosides synthesized in the cytoplasm. Dimethyl sulfoxide, Tween 20 (T20), Tween 80 (T80), and Triton X-100 (Tx100) were used as potential surfactants, allowing for an increase in the release of saponin into the culture medium. T20 at concentrations of 0.3–1.0% (v/v) caused a higher saponin content in the liquid medium, from 52 to 61 times for CH9, 15 to 22 times higher for CC16, and seven to twelve times higher for CH2, compared to the respective control cultures. DMSO was efficient toward the CC16 line, providing a 3–7 times higher saponin content for 0.5% and 1.0% (v/v) surfactant concentrations, respectively. The suitability of Triton X-100 for triterpenoid saponin could not be determined with the method used in this experiment, and there was a serious contamination of the analyzed samples. The ultrasound method accelerated surfactant action, and only for the CH9 line did it result in an increase in the secretion of glycosides to almost three-fold in the case of T80 and over two-fold in the case of T20. The conditions that were least harmful for the roots were: ultrasound, Tween 80, and T80 interacting with US. The permeabilized cultures, after 30 days of growth in the new medium, obtained fresh biomasses similar to the control or a reduction by the maximum of one-fifth for CH9. For the second line (CC16), the growth parameters were reduced twice. Polyoxoethylene sorbitan monolaurate was found to be the most powerful surfactant, and a proposed concentration and time of action allowed for culture viability only for the CC16 line. The young parts of the root tips generated a new culture, with the growth being reduced by 77% (FW) and 82% (DW).
Mitigating impact of Glycyrrhiza glabra on virulent Newcastle disease virus challenge in chickens: clinical studies, histopathological alterations and molecular docking
Authors: Haleem Marwa I. Abdel , Gaballa Mohamed M. S. , El-Far Ali H. , Taie Hanan A. A. , Elshopakey Gehad E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Newcastle disease (ND) is widely regarded as one of the most virulent and destructive viral infections that create chaos in the poultry industry and cause widespread epidemics and consequentially debilitating economic losses on a global scale in terms of chicken products. The current experiment evaluates the protective effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra ( G. glabra) against the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens. Ninety (90) 1-day-old SPF chicks were treated according to ethical approval (BUFVTM 05-02-22) as follows (1) non-treated non-challenged control group; (2) NDV group: Challenged with genotype VII ND virus; and (3) LE/NDV group: Challenged with the virus and intermittently treated with powdered extract of G. glabra roots (LE) in drinking water (0.5 g/L) before and after viral challenge.

Result
The water medication of NDV-challenged chicks has resulted in a significant decrease in the severity of clinical symptoms, morbidity, and mortality rates, as well as the quantity of virus shed, compared with the NDV group. Treatment with LE has led to a significant reduction in serum ALT and AST activities, blood glucose level, urea, and creatinine, and significant restoration of serum proteins. In addition, the treatment has resulted in a decrease in MDA and NO levels, as well as an increase in T-SOD and catalase activities compared with untreated challenged chicks. LE decreased IFN-γ and TLR-3 gene expression in comparison with the NDV group. The treated challenged birds had fewer macroscopically detectable lesions in their respiratory, digestive, and lymphoid organs than the untreated challenged birds. Microscopically, the LE/NDV group exhibited mild to moderate pathological changes in the respiratory and digestive systems as well as lymphoid tissues, in contrast to the NDV group, which exhibited severe pathological changes. Furthermore, molecular docking assessment proved the efficacy of G. glabra against viral proliferation and invasion.

Conclusion
We concluded that Glycyrrhiza glabra powdered extract at a dose of 0.5 g/L drinking water can effectively mitigate the debilitating effects of Newcastle disease in chickens.
On the Transmission Line Analogy for Modeling Plasmonic Nanowire Circuits
Authors: Dragoman D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractModeling slot waveguides using the analogy with transmission lines in microwaves proved itself to be an accurate and simple method for characterizing plasmonic field propagation. Here, the possibility of generalizing the applicability of this method to plasmonic circuits consisting of nanowires is analyzed. It is found that it can be applied as long as the circuit can be divided in regions with known transverse field distributions and propagation constants, the total matrix characterizing plasmon propagation being composed of propagation and interface matrices, as in slot waveguides, the elements of the latter being, however, defined in terms of butt-coupling transmission coefficients at the interface and not using the simple characteristic impedance expression used for slot waveguides.
Blunt Talk on “Blunts”: The Increasingly Popular Tobacco Product That Is Potentially Exacerbating Tobacco-Related Health Disparities
Authors: Sanchez Joshua I. , Fong Reece S. , Hampilos Katherine , Cooper Ziva D. , Middlekauff Holly R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A “blunt” is a hollowed-out cigar/cigarillo from which much of the loose tobacco has been removed, and the remaining tobacco wrapper filled with cannabis. Although blunts contain significant levels of tobacco/nicotine, they are often treated as if they were exclusive cannabis products and omitted from surveys of tobacco products. Whereas the prevalence of virtually all other tobacco products is on the decline in the USA, available data suggest that the prevalence of blunt smoking is not — and in fact, it may be increasing. Blunts are most frequently used by people who self-identify as Black. As a result of misperceptions and perhaps biases, there is a dearth of scientific investigation, hence knowledge, surrounding the health effects associated with blunt smoking. Co-use of tobacco and cannabis has been reported to have additive and even synergistic adverse health effects. Lack of investigations into the health effects of tobacco products most frequently used by Black people may contribute to tobacco-related health disparities. We argue that the scientific and public health communities must treat blunts as the potentially lethal tobacco product that they are, studying their prevalence and use patterns, and investigating their adverse health effects, both short and long term.
A bibliometric analysis for remote sensing applications in bush encroachment mapping of grassland and savanna ecosystems
Authors: Gcayi Siphokazi Ruth , Adelabu Samuel Adewale , Nduku Lwandile , Chirima Johannes George 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGrasslands and savannas are experiencing transformation and degradation due to bush encroachment (BE). BE has been monitored using restrictive traditional techniques that include field surveys and manual long-term observations. Owing to the limitations of traditional techniques, remote sensing (RS) is an attractive alternative to assess BE because of its generally high precision and return interval, cost-effectiveness, and availability of historical data archives. Furthermore, RS has an added advantage in its ability of acquiring global coherent data in near-real time compared to the snapshot acquisition mode with traditional surveying techniques. Despite its extensive application and vast possibilities, a critical synthesis for RS successes, shortcomings, and best practices in mapping BE in savannas and grasslands is lacking. Thus, broadly, the direction, which this type of investigation has taken over the years is largely unknown. This study sought to connect and measure the progress RS has made in mapping BE in grassland and savanna ecosystems through bibliometric analysis. One hundred and twenty-three peer-reviewed English written documents from the Web of Science and Scopus databases were evaluated. The study revealed 13.05% average annual publication growth, indicating that RS and BE mapping research in grasslands and savannas has been increasing over the survey period. Most published studies came from the USA, while the rest came from South Africa, China, and Australia. The results indicate that BE has been extensively mapped in grasslands and savannas using coarse to medium resolution data. As a result, there is a weak relationship (r² = 0.324) between the dependent variable (aerial images) and the independent variable (percentage of woody cover). This connotes the need to improve BE assessments in grasslands and savannas by integrating recent high-resolution data, machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence.
Boosting Multi-Professional Collaboration in Palliative Care Through Digital Technologies: An Action Design Research Study
Authors: Wöhl Moritz , Gimpel Henner , Meindl Oliver , Ostgathe Christoph , Peuten Sarah , Schneider Werner , Steigleder Tobias 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe success of palliative care requires collaboration among multiple professions within a sensibly digitized work system. The diverse perspectives and expertise of team members inform their collective endeavor, often leading to differing interpretations and priorities in patient care. This diversity necessitates a continual exchange of knowledge and information. Current technologies, including the hospital information system, do not foster such collaboration, particularly in palliative care. This study explores digital enhancements that can promote multi-professional collaboration (MPC). The authors employed action design research and used a work system theory lense to examine the palliative care work systems in two hospital wards in Germany. Through extensive on-site observations and interventions with practitioners, the study identified challenges that arose during MPC. This paper presents the proposed organizational and technical solutions. The paper provides design principles and guidelines for a collaboration support system to maximize MPC. Theoretical contributions include insights into the challenges of MPC and design knowledge about collaboration support. This work can inform practitioners about common challenges and offers potential solutions and guidance for implementing a collaboration support system.
Thermal video-based hand gestures recognition using lightweight CNN
Authors: Birkeland Simen , Fjeldvik Lin Julie , Noori Nadia , Yeduri Sreenivasa Reddy , Cenkeramaddi Linga Reddy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHand gesture recognition has gained a lot of attention in computer vision due to multiple applications. Further, most of the existing works utilized RGB data for hand gesture recognition. However, RGB cameras mainly depend on lighting, angles, and other factors including skin color which impacts the accuracy. Thus, we propose a methodology for video hand gesture recognition using thermal data in this work. Initially, we created a dataset of short video sequences captured from a thermal camera. Thereafter, a lightweight convolutional neural network model (CNN) is proposed for hand gesture recognition. Further, the performance of the proposed CNN model is evaluated on different sizes of the dataset consisting of 15, 10, and 5 frames per sequence. Results show that the proposed model achieves an accuracy of $$97\% \pm (0.05)$$, $$96\% \pm (0.05)$$, and $$87\% \pm (0.1)$$ on the dataset consisting of 15, 10, and 5 frames per sequence, respectively.
Entwicklung einer Skala zur Erfassung elterlicher Unterstützung für die körperlich-sportliche Aktivität von Kindern im Grundschulalter
Authors: Ennigkeit Fabienne , Czogalla Jasmin , Heim Christopher 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungMehrere Übersichtsarbeiten zeigen, dass elterliche Unterstützung in Zusammenhang mit der körperlich-sportlichen Aktivität von Kindern und Jugendlichen steht. Bemängelt wird jedoch, dass zur Erfassung des Unterstützungsverhaltens häufig psychometrisch wenig validierte Fragebögen zum Einsatz kommen, die zudem das Unterstützungsverhalten eindimensional abbilden. Daher wird im vorliegenden Beitrag die Entwicklung einer deutschsprachigen Skala vorgestellt, mit der die elterliche Unterstützung für die körperlich-sportliche Aktivität von Kindern im Grundschulalter mehrdimensional erfasst werden kann. Im Rahmen der ersten Studie (N = 489 weibliche Elternteile) wurde der initiale Itempool auf Basis eines explorativen Strukturgleichungsmodells sukzessive reduziert und die Faktorstruktur optimiert. Die ursprünglich konzipierte Subskala „informative Unterstützung“ erwies sich als nicht haltbar. Eine Kreuzvalidierung im Rahmen der zweiten Studie (N = 356) ergab konfirmatorisch akzeptable bis gute Fitwerte für eine vierfaktorielle Lösung (CFI = 0,940, RMSEA = 0,053) mit den Subskalen „Unterstützung als Vorbild“, „Unterstützung durch Partizipation“, „emotionale Unterstützung“ sowie „instrumentelle Unterstützung“. Erste Hinweise auf die Konstruktvalidität liegen in Bezug auf Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Unterstützungsverhalten und der Sportvereinsmitgliedschaft der Eltern bzw. der Kinder vor. Limitationen beziehen sich u. a. auf noch nicht geprüfte Messinvarianz zwischen männlichen und weiblichen Elternteilen sowie die Nichtberücksichtigung elterlicher Verhaltensweisen, die sich negativ auf die körperlich-sportliche Aktivität des Kindes auswirken könnten. Dennoch scheint das Instrument vielversprechend für die Bearbeitung verschiedener Fragestellungen im Kontext elterlichen Einflusses auf körperlich-sportliche Aktivität von Kindern.