bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overlap and divergence – aspects of the present perfect in World Englishes
Authors: Werner Valentin 
Published: May 2016

This study provides an analysis of the Present Perfect (PrPf; have + V-en) in World Englishes. To this end, I extract occurrences of the PrPf from the International Corpus of English and annotate them manually for various factors (such as semantics, Aktionsart, temporal adverbials). I analyze the distributions of these factors and define a central PrPf context, while I also explore a multidimensional aggregative approach as a means to establish measures of similarity between the different varieties. In addition, I present a measure of PrPf-friendliness and examine alternative surface forms appearing in perfect contexts. Eventually I relate the findings to existing models of World Englishes, whose applicability I critically review in the light of the findings for the feature under investigation.
Two-dimensional posture evaluation in Parkinson’s disease: effect of loads on the spinal angle during gait.
Authors: Celoria Paula , Nanni Federico , Pastore Flavia , Pulenta Sebastian , Tajerian Matias , Pantazis Lucio , Moscoso-Vasquez Marcela , Cerquetti Daniel , Merello Marcelo , Risk Marcelo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease patients present diminished coordination caused by neural degeneration. This leads to large motor difficulties during gait such as balance loss and pronounced forward inclination of the upper body. This work assessed the spinal sagittal plane angle alterations in two groups: six parkinsonian patients and six control healthy subjects. This parameter was analyzed during gait under three conditions: without external loads and with external loads applied either on the chest or on the lower back area. Results were statistically compared by means of t-test of paired samples in both groups. For patients, a significant effect was found when loads were applied on the chest. On the other hand, healthy subjects showed no significant differences in either case.
Biomechanics and Biotensegrity: Study Method and Frequency Response of the Simplex and 3-bar-SVD Tensegrity Configurations
Authors: Arenas C Castro , Ghersi I , Miralles M T 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to study the frequency response of 3D tensegrity structures. These are structures that have been used, since the 80’s, to model biological systems of different scales. This fact led to the origin of the field of biotensegrity, which includes biomechanics as a natural field of application. In this work: a) A simple method for the analysis of frequency response of different nodes in 3D tensegrity structures was set up and tuned. This method is based on a video-analysis algorithm, which was applied to the structures, as they were vibrated along their axis of symmetry, at frequencies from 1 Hz to 60 Hz. b) Frequency-response analyses were performed, for the simplest 3D structure, the Simplex module, as well as for two towers, formed by stacking two and three Simplex modules, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for the Simplex module at (19.2±0.1) Hz and (50.2±0.1) Hz (the latter being an average of frequencies between homologous nodes). For the towers with two and three modules, each selected node presented a characteristic frequency response, modulated by their spatial placement in each model. Resonances for the two-stage tower were found at: (12±0.1) Hz; (16.2±0.1) Hz; (29.4±0.1) Hz and (37.2±0.1) Hz. For the tower with three Simplex modules, the main resonant frequencies were found at (12.0±0.1) Hz and (21.0±0.1) Hz. Results show that the proposed method is adequate for the study (2D) of any 3D tensegrity structure, with the potential of being generalized to the study of oscillations in three dimensions. A growing complexity and variability in the frequency response of the nodes was observed, as modules were added to the structures. These findings were compared to those found in the available literature.
Matching models across abstraction levels with Gaussian Processes
Authors: Caravagna Giulio , Bortolussi Luca , Sanguinetti Guido 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBiological systems are often modelled at different levels of abstraction depending on the particular aims/resources of a study. Such different models often provide qualitatively concordant predictions over specific parametrisations, but it is generally unclear whether model predictions are quantitatively in agreement, and whether such agreement holds for different parametrisations. Here we present a generally applicable statistical machine learning methodology to automatically reconcile the predictions of different models across abstraction levels. Our approach is based on defining a correction map, a random function which modifies the output of a model in order to match the statistics of the output of a different model of the same system. We use two biological examples to give a proof-of-principle demonstration of the methodology, and discuss its advantages and potential further applications.
A Critical, Nonlinear Threshold Dictates Bacterial Invasion and Initial Kinetics During Influenza
Authors: Smith Amber M. , Smith Amanda P. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTSecondary bacterial infections increase morbidity and mortality of influenza A virus (IAV) infections. Bacteria are able to invade due to virus-induced depletion of alveolar macrophages (AMs), but this is not the only contributing factor. By analyzing a kinetic model, we uncovered a nonlinear initial dose threshold that is dependent on the amount of virus-induced AM depletion. The threshold separates the growth and clearance phenotypes such that bacteria decline for dose-AM depletion combinations below the threshold, stay constant near the threshold, and increase above the threshold. In addition, the distance from the threshold correlates to the growth rate. Because AM depletion changes throughout an IAV infection, the dose requirement for bacterial invasion also changes accordingly. Using the threshold, we found that the dose requirement drops dramatically during the first 7d of IAV infection. We then validated these analytical predictions by infecting mice with doses below or above the predicted threshold over the course of IAV infection. These results identify the nonlinear way in which two independent factors work together to support successful post-influenza bacterial invasion. They provide insight into coinfection timing, the heterogeneity in outcome, the probability of acquiring a coinfection, and the use of new therapeutic strategies to combat viral-bacterial coinfections.
Multi-stage group risk decision making with grey numbers based on grey target and prospect theory
Authors: Yan Shuli , Liu Sifeng 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– With respect to multi-stage group risk decision-making problems in which all the attribute values take the form of grey number, and the weights of stages and decision makers are unknown, the purpose of this paper is to propose a new decision-making method based on grey target and prospect theory.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, the sequencing and distance between two grey numbers are introduced. Then, a linear operator with the features of the “rewarding good and punishing bad” is presented based on the grey target given by decision maker, and the prospect value function of each attribute based on the zero reference point is defined. Next, weight models of stages and decision makers are suggested, which are based on restriction of stage fluctuation, the maximum differences of alternatives and the maximum entropy theory. Furthermore, the information of alternatives is aggregated by WA operator, the alternatives are selected by their prospect values.

Findings
– The comprehensive cumulative prospect values are finally aggregated by WA operator, alternatives are selected or not are judged by the sign of the comprehensive prospect theory, if the prospect value of alternative is negative, the corresponding alternative misses the group decision makers’ grey target, on the contrary, if the prospect value of alternative is positive, the corresponding alternative is dropped into the group decision makers’ grey target, the alternative with positive prospect value whose value is the maximum is selected.

Originality/value
– Compared with the traditional decision-making methods using expected utility theory which suppose the decision makers are all completely rational, the proposed method is based on irrational which is more in line with the decision maker’s psychology. And this method considers the decision maker’s psychological expectation values about every attribute, different satisfactory grey target about attributes will directly affect decision-making result.
Workforce development in dementia care through education and training: an audit of two counties
Authors: Mayrhofer Andrea , Goodman Claire 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– People with dementia require care at home, in care homes and in hospitals, which has implications for the current and future workforce in health and social care. To inform regional workforce development planning in dementia care, Health Education East of England commissioned an organisational audit of current dementia training at NHS Trusts and in social care across Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
– Qualitative methods and non-probability purposive sampling were used for recruitment and data collection. The audit included NHS Trusts, local authorities, clinical commissioning groups, and health and social care organisations involved in commissioning and providing dementia education and training in the two counties.

Findings
– Whilst there was considerable investment in dementia awareness training, learning was not targeted, assessed or structured to ensure on-going professional development.

Practical implications
– This has implications for workforce development and career-progression for staff responsible for the care of older people with dementia. Conclusion: if a future workforce is expected to lead, coordinate, support and provide dementia care across health and social care, a qualifying curriculum could play a critical part in ensuring quality and consistency of approach and provision.

Originality/value
– This paper makes a timely contribution to discussions on the skills and competencies needed to equip the future workforce for dementia care across health and social care.
Facilitating an evolving service user involvement group for people with dementia: what can we learn?
Authors: Kenny Jocelyne , Asquith Ian , Guss Reinhard , Field Elizabeth , Slade Lewis , Bone Alexandra , Oliver Keith , Jones Mark , Ryan Chris , Brooks Melvyn , Norris Chris 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how service user involvement for people living with a diagnosis of dementia can contribute to innovate ways of training and educating a skilled healthcare workforce.Design/methodology/approach– The paper uses a case study approach, including interviews observations and reflections from facilitators and members of a service user group for people living with dementia in a recovery-based older adult service in East Kent, UK. In total, 11 people were involved in this study: five people are living with a diagnosis of dementia, two are clinical psychologists, two are trainee clinical psychologists and two are placement year psychology undergraduates.Findings– The paper shows how service user involvement groups can enable people with dementia to train a wide range of healthcare professionals in different areas, from the perspective of people living with dementia and healthcare professionals. It also reflects on the challenges that can arise through working with patients in a more collegiate way.Originality/value– This paper demonstrates that people with dementia can be involved in the training of healthcare professionals in innovative ways. It therefore suggests new ways of working with people with dementia to develop staff skills.
Poetry, philosophy and dementia
Authors: Jones Ellen , Betts Tab 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of poetry by family carers as a way into the inner world of a person with late stage dementia, consistent with their values, preferences and experiences; enhancing the wellbeing of both the person with dementia and family carers.

Design/methodology/approach
– The use of poetry is being increasingly recognised as valuable in improving wellbeing for people with dementia. Poetry has an intrinsic quality which is well-suited for people with dementia: it does not require following a storyline and therefore can be enjoyed by those with no short-term memory.

Findings
– The paper describes the benefits to both family members and the person with dementia; the use of poetry opened up expression of deep emotions, improved communication and enriched family relationships.

Research limitations/implications
– Use of poetry by family carers with people with late stage dementia is under researched in the UK and further study of the impact of this intervention would be beneficial.

Practical implications
– Poetry can be used practically in both small groups in care homes or community settings and also one to one by family carers. Of especial value are poems that have been learnt by heart when young.

Originality/value
– Finally, the paper also draws attention to the positive lessons we can learn from people with dementia.
Reflections on the value and impact of library and information services
Authors: Urquhart Christine , Tbaishat Dina 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine frameworks (such as scorecards) for ongoing library assessment and how business process modelling contributes in Part 3 of the series of viewpoint papers.

Design/methodology/approach
– Reviews the statistical data collection for strategic planning, and use of data analytics. Considers how to organise further value explorations. Compares macro-frameworks (balanced scorecard, values scorecard) and micro-frameworks for library assessment. Reviews the evidence on business process modelling/re-engineering initiatives. Describes how the Riva approach can be used to both derive a process architecture and to model individual processes.

Findings
– Data analytics requires collaboration among library services to develop reliable data sets and effective data visualisations for managers to use. Frameworks such as the balanced scorecard may be used to organise ongoing impact and performance evaluation. Queries that arise during ongoing library assessment may require a framework to formulate questions, and assemble evidence (qualitative and quantitative). Both macro- and micro-value frameworks are useful. Work on process modelling within libraries can help to develop an assessment culture, and the Riva approach provides both a process architecture and models of individual processes.

Originality/value
– Examines how to implement a library assessment culture through use of data analytics, value frameworks and business process modelling.
Exploring academic e-book use: part II through focus groups and interviews
Authors: Goertzen Melissa , Bakkalbasi Nisa 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– In two previous papers, the authors discussed a text analysis method utilized to explore e-book usage across disciplines at Columbia University. To verify the method, the authors conducted focus group and interviews sessions with faculty members and graduate students to understand when and why e-books are used in conjunction with scholarly activities. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Participants answered eight pre-determined questions during one-on-one interviews and dual moderator focus group sessions. They were also invited to complete a questionnaire regarding e-book discovery, access, and use. All sessions were transcribed and the data were analyzed using grounded theory approach to examine emerging themes.Findings– The findings suggest that faculty and graduate students use e-books for discontinuous reading and quick reference purposes. They value the ability to customize learning environments to suit immediate circumstances and needs. Frustration occurs when availability and accessibility are hindered by limitations imposed by platforms or licenses. Participants believe the library can advocate for users and work with vendors to develop business models that promote greater convenience and flexibility online.Originality/value– The study complements and extends existing findings reported in earlier research utilizing a text analysis method. The results indicate that text analysis is a reliable assessment method in the examination of usage trends across e-book collections. Also, the study brings a human sentiment to the discussion of e-book discovery, access, and use. It provides the user community with a voice and left the authors with a deeper understanding of existing information needs on campus.
Why Cities? A Response
Authors: Walker Richard A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhy do cities exist? Geographers Allen Scott and Michael Storper recently put the question before the field of urban studies and provided a clear and concise answer in terms of economies of agglomeration and the urban land nexus. I argue that two other basic elements must be added to this duo: the spatial concentration of economic surplus by ruling classes and states and the creation of a built environment or urban landscape. In addition, I take issue with Scott and Storper's neglect of the problem of scale in urban theory and their overly tidy sense of what constitutes a scientific approach to complex phenomena like cities.
Application of SPARROW Modeling to Understanding Contaminant Fate and Transport from Uplands to Streams
Authors: Ator Scott W. , Garcia Ana Maria 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUnderstanding spatial variability in contaminant fate and transport is critical to efficient regional water‐quality restoration. An approach to capitalize on previously calibrated spatially referenced regression (SPARROW) models to improve the understanding of contaminant fate and transport was developed and applied to the case of nitrogen in the 166,000 km2 Chesapeake Bay watershed. A continuous function of four hydrogeologic, soil, and other landscape properties significant (α = 0.10) to nitrogen transport from uplands to streams was evaluated and compared among each of the more than 80,000 individual catchments (mean area, 2.1 km2) in the watershed. Budgets (including inputs, losses or net change in storage in uplands and stream corridors, and delivery to tidal waters) were also estimated for nitrogen applied to these catchments from selected upland sources. Most (81%) of such inputs are removed, retained, or otherwise processed in uplands rather than transported to surface waters. Combining SPARROW results with previous budget estimates suggests 55% of this processing is attributable to denitrification, 23% to crop or timber harvest, and 6% to volatilization. Remaining upland inputs represent a net annual increase in landscape storage in soils or biomass exceeding 10 kg per hectare in some areas. Such insights are important for planning watershed restoration and for improving future watershed models.
Dentistry's social contract and the loss of professionalism
Authors: Holden ACL 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe social contract between society and the dental profession is essential to the ability to provide high quality dental care to patients. The social contract defines the profession and its place in society, giving the profession its legitimacy. Society bestows benefits upon the dental profession in exchange for our ability to alleviate pain and suffering caused by oral disease. This article seeks to explore the nature of this social contract in the provision of oral health care and what may become of the profession should the expectations of either party not be met. Changing beliefs within society and within the profession have led to new concepts of professionalism that focus upon alternative values to what is termed ‘nostalgic professionalism’. It is concerning when these new values begin to focus upon financial reward built upon commercial practices, with patients slipping away to be replaced with clients; the dentist–patient relationship lacking in any degree of altruism. This article will argue that breaches in the social contract are not to the benefit of patients or the profession and that whilst specifics of the contract will inevitably change, the nature of this should not.
Entry of FinTech Firms and Competition in the Retail Payments Market
Authors: Jun Jooyong , Yeo Eunjung 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe investigate the effects of entry of financial technology (FinTech) based firms on competition in the retail payments market. With a model of two‐sided market with vertical restraints, we derive the following results. When only the entry of a vertically integrated (or end‐to‐end service) provider is allowed, either all merchants opt for multi‐homing or no entry occurs, regardless of the regulatory requirement. On the other hand, if the entry of a downstream‐only (or front‐end service) provider is allowed, a partial multi‐homing equilibrium could emerge under certain conditions, in which the entry of an end‐to‐end service provider does not occur. Without regulation, however, the vertically integrated incumbent does not voluntarily provide the back‐end service to the entrant in general. This suggests the need for proper regulatory measures to reach a socially desirable outcome from the new entry in the retail payments market.
A New Relationship between Ownership–Control Wedge and Overinvestment Practices: Evidence from Korean Business Groups (Chaebol)
Authors: Goh Jaimin , Lee Jaehong , Cho Jungeun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study examines the effects of controlling shareholders’ ownership–control wedge on firms’ overinvestment practices. In addition, it further investigates the incentive effects of controlling shareholders’ cash flow rights on firms’ overinvestment. We find a non‐monotonic relation between controlling shareholders’ ownership–control wedge and a firm's overinvestment. Specifically, the relation between controlling shareholders’ wedge and overinvestment is significant for certain wedge levels. Thus we conclude that controlling shareholders with certain levels of wedge expropriate minority shareholders’ benefits since the marginal benefit exceeds the marginal cost. We also document that cash flow rights are effective to reduce a firm's overinvestment to certain levels.
Opportunistic Stock Repurchases for Owner–Manager Control: Evidence from the Korean Stock Market
Authors: Kim Kyung Soon , Chung Chune Young , Lee Jin Hwon , Park Seun Young 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe examine whether opportunistic earnings management before a repurchase and long‐term performance after a repurchase depend on repurchase options and insider ownership. We find that the negative association between pre‐stock repurchase earnings management and abnormal long‐term performance after stock repurchase is more pronounced when firms choose the direct stock repurchase method over an indirect repurchase through a trust fund. Our findings also show that the negative association between pre‐repurchase accruals and long‐term performance under direct stock repurchases is only evident when the ownership percentage of managers and their affiliates is less than 50%. In addition, our main findings are more pronounced in firms with a high degree of corporate information asymmetry.