bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Thymidine Kinase 1, Canine‐C‐Reactive Protein, Haptoglobin, and Vitamin D Concentrations in Dogs with Immune‐Mediated Hemolytic Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, and Polyarthropathy
Authors: Grobman M. , Outi H. , Rindt H. , Reinero C. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundRelapses of immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), thrombocytopenia (ITP), or polyarthropathy (IMPA) occur despite normal hematologic and cytologic parameters. Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), canine C‐reactive protein (c‐CRP), haptoglobin (HPT), and 25‐Hydroxyvitamin‐D(25(OH)D) might be adjunct to current monitoring strategies.Hypothesis/ObjectivesCompare serum concentrations ofTK1, c‐CRP,HPT, and 25(OH)D in dogs with well‐ and poorly controlled primaryIMHA,ITP, orIMPA.AnimalsThirty‐eight client‐owned dogs.MethodsProspective descriptive study. Dogs diagnosed withIMHA,ITP, orIMPAhad serum biomarker concentrations measured commercially. Disease control was assessed by hematocrit/PCVand reticulocyte count, platelet count, and synovial fluid cytology forIMHA,ITP, andIMPA, respectively. Statistical analysis performed by Mann‐Whitney rank‐sum tests and receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsTK1 and c‐CRP, but notHPTsignificantly decreased with well‐ versus poorly controlledIMHA(P= 0.047,P= 0.028,P= 0.37). C‐CRP, but notTKorHPTwas significantly lower with well‐ versus poorly controlledIMPA(P= 0.05,P= 0.28,P= 0.84). Sensitivity and specificity ofTKand c‐CRP(simultaneously) for detecting dogs with poorly controlledIMHAwere 88 and 100%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of c‐CRPfor detecting poorly controlled dogs withIMPAwere 13 and 100%, respectively. 92% of dogs were vitamin D insufficient (<100 ng/mL) regardless of disease control.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCombiningTK1 and c‐CRPmight act markers of disease control in dogs withIMHA. Canine‐CRPcannot be recommended as an independent marker of disease control inIMPA. 25(OH)D insufficiency in immune‐mediated disorders might benefit from further study to determine if supplementation could improve therapeutic response or reduce disease risk.
Pre‐ and Post‐Transfusion Alloimmunization in Dogs Characterized by 2 Antiglobulin‐Enhanced Cross‐match Tests
Authors: Goy‐Thollot I. , Giger U. , Boisvineau C. , Perrin R. , Guidetti M. , Chaprier B. , Barthélemy A. , Pouzot‐Nevoret C. , Canard B. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundWhen dogs are transfused, blood compatibility testing varies widely but may includedog erythrocyte antigen(DEA)1typing and rarely cross‐matching.ObjectivesProspective study to examine naturally occurring alloantibodies against red blood cells (RBCs) and alloimmunization by transfusion using 2 antiglobulin‐enhanced cross‐match tests.AnimalsEighty client‐owned anemic, 72 donor, and 7 control dogs.MethodsAll dogs were typed forDEA1and some also forDEA4andDEA7. Major cross‐match tests with canine antiglobulin‐enhanced immunochromatographic strip and gel columns were performed 26–129 days post‐transfusion (median, 39 days); some dogs had an additional early evaluation 11–22 days post‐transfusion (median, 16 days). Plasma from alloimmunized recipients was cross‐matched againstRBCs from 34 donor and control dogs.ResultsThe 2 cross‐match methods gave entirely concordant results. All 126 pretransfusion cross‐match results for the 80 anemic recipients were compatible, but 54 dogs died or were lost to follow up. Among the 26 recipients with follow‐up, 1 dog accidently receivedDEA1‐mismatched blood and became cross‐match‐incompatible post‐transfusion. Eleven of the 25DEA1‐matched recipients (44%) became incompatible against otherRBCantigens. No naturally occurringanti‐DEA7alloantibodies were detected inDEA7−dogs.Conclusions and clinical importanceThe antiglobulin‐enhanced immunochromatographic strip cross‐match and laboratory gel column techniques identified no naturally occurring alloantibodies againstRBCantigens, but a high degree of post‐transfusion alloimmunization in dogs. Cross‐matching is warranted in any dog that has been previously transfused independent of initialDEA1typing and cross‐matching results before the first transfusion event.
Effects of polymyxin‐B on TNF‐α production in equine whole blood stimulated with three different bacterial toxins
Authors: Bauquier J. R. , Tennent‐Brown B. S. , Tudor E. , Bailey S. R. 
Published: August 2017

Polymyxin‐B is used to treat equine systemic inflammation. Bacterial toxins other than lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contribute to systemic inflammation but the effects of polymyxin‐B on these are poorly defined. Whole blood aliquots from six healthy horses diluted 1:1 with RPMI were incubated for 21 hr with 1 μg/ml of LPS, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) or peptidoglycan (PGN) in the presence of increasing concentrations of polymyxin‐B (10–3000 μg/ml). A murine L929 fibroblast bioassay was used to measure TNF‐α activity. Polymyxin‐B significantly inhibited the effects of all three bacterial toxins. Analysis of variance showed the IC50 value for polymyxin‐B for TNF‐α inhibition caused by LTA (11.19 ± 2.89 μg/ml polymyxin‐B) was significantly lower (p = .009) than the values for LPS (46.48 ± 9.93 μg/ml) and PGN (54.44 ± 8.97 μg/ml). There was no significant difference in IC50 values between LPS and PGN (p > .05). Maximum inhibition of TNF‐α was 77.4%, 73.0% and 82.7% for LPS, PGN and LTA, respectively and was not significantly different between toxins. At the two highest concentrations of polymyxin‐B, TNF‐α began to increase. These data suggest that polymyxin‐B may inhibit the effects of bacterial toxins other than LPS and might be a more potent inhibitor of LTA than LPS or PGN.
The Agrobacterium VirE2 effector interacts with multiple members of the Arabidopsis VIP1 protein family
Authors: Wang Luyao , Lacroix Benoît , Guo Jianhua , Citovsky Vitaly 
Published: August 2017

SummaryT‐DNA transfer from Agrobacterium to its host plant genome relies on multiple interactions between plant proteins and bacterial effectors. One such plant protein is the Arabidopsis VirE2 interacting protein (AtVIP1), a transcription factor that binds Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 VirE2, potentially acting as an adaptor between VirE2 and several other host factors. It remains unknown, however, whether the same VirE2 protein has evolved to interact with multiple VIP1 homologues in the same host, and whether VirE2 homologues encoded by different bacterial strains/species recognize AtVIP1 or its homologues. Here, we addressed these questions by systematic analysis (using the yeast two‐hybrid and co‐immunoprecipitation approaches) of interactions between VirE2 proteins encoded by four major representatives of known bacterial species/strains with functional T‐DNA transfer machineries and eight VIP1 homologues from Arabidopsis and tobacco. We also analysed the determinants of the VirE2 sequence involved in these interactions. These experiments showed that the VirE2 interaction is degenerate: the same VirE2 protein has evolved to interact with multiple VIP1 homologues in the same host, and different and mutually independent VirE2 domains are involved in interactions with different VIP1 homologues. Furthermore, the VIP1 functionality related to the interaction with VirE2 is independent of its function as a transcriptional regulator. These observations suggest that the ability of VirE2 to interact with VIP1 homologues is deeply ingrained into the process of Agrobacterium infection. Indeed, mutations that abolished VirE2 interaction with AtVIP1 produced no statistically significant effects on interactions with VIP1 homologues or on the efficiency of genetic transformation.
Rome III vs Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome: A comparison of clinical characteristics in a large cohort study
Authors: Vork L. , Weerts Z. Z. R. M. , Mujagic Z. , Kruimel J. W. , Hesselink M. A. M. , Muris J. W. M. , Keszthelyi D. , Jonkers D. M. A. E. , Masclee A. A. M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Rome criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have been revised and are expected to apply only to the subset of Rome III IBS subjects with abdominal pain as predominant symptom, occurring at least once a week. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of Rome III IBS subjects that fulfills Rome IV criteria and to evaluate differences between Rome IV‐positive and Rome IV‐negative subjects.MethodsFour hundred and four Rome III IBS subjects completed a 14‐day end‐of‐day symptom diary, the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and RAND 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36). Diary‐based surrogate Rome IV criteria were defined as occurrence of abdominal pain at least 1 day each week with a severity of ≥2 (mild; definition 1) or ≥3 (considerable; definition 2).Key ResultsUsing surrogate Rome IV criteria, 353 (87.4%, definition 1) and 249 (61.6%, definition 2) subjects were defined as Rome IV positive. These patients were more often female, younger, and recruited from secondary/tertiary care compared with Rome IV‐negative subjects. They also presented with higher abdominal pain scores and gastrointestinal (GI) symptom severity on both end‐of‐day diary and GSRS, higher psychological symptom scores, and lower quality of life compared with Rome IV‐negative subjects.Conclusions and InferencesThe Rome IV IBS population likely reflects a subgroup of Rome III IBS patients with more severe GI symptomatology, psychological comorbidities, and lower quality of life. This implies that results from Rome III IBS studies may not be directly comparable to those from Rome IV IBS populations.
Zika Virus Disease in Children in Colombia, August 2015 to May 2016
Authors: Tolosa Natalia , Tinker Sarah C. , Pacheco Oscar , Valencia Diana , Botero Daniela Salas , Tong Van T. , Mercado Marcela , Gilboa Suzanne M. , Gonzalez Maritza , Nelson Christina A. , Pardo Lissethe , Rao Carol Y. , Rico Angélica , Moore Meredith , Parra Edgar , Honein Margaret A. , Ospina Martínez Martha L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundChildren are considered a potentially vulnerable population for Zika virus infection. However, data on paediatric Zika virus infection are sparse.MethodsWe analysed data from Colombia's national surveillance system during the 2015–2016 Zika virus outbreak on patients meeting the clinical case definition of Zika virus disease (ZVD) among children aged 1 month to 18 years to estimate incidence by demographic characteristics and characterize the occurrence of selected complications.ResultsBetween August 14, 2015, and May 28, 2016, there were 18 576 reported cases of postnatal ZVD among children aged 1 month to 18 years. Laboratory testing was prioritized for high‐risk patients (infants, pregnant women, adults aged ≥65 years, and persons with serious co‐morbidities); among 1655 that were tested by real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, 1207 (72.9%) were positive. The cumulative incidence of reported ZVD was 114.4 per 100 000. The incidence differed by sex, depending on age group; the largest difference was observed for 15–18 year olds, with females having a higher incidence than males (cumulative incidence ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 2.3, 2.7). At the time of report to the surveillance system, 631 patients (3.4%) were hospitalised and 96 (0.5%) had a report of an accompanying neurological diagnosis, including Guillain‐Barré syndrome in 40 patients.ConclusionsOnly a small proportion of reported paediatric ZVD cases in Colombia were hospitalized or had reported neurological conditions following ZVD. However, the potential for some serious outcomes demonstrates the importance of preventing Zika virus infection in children.
Influence of practitioner expertise during early pregnancy diagnosis on pregnancy loss rate: A controlled, blinded trial
Authors: Patron R , López‐Helguera I , Sebastián F , Pesantez‐Pacheco J‐L , Pérez‐Villalobos N , Vicente González Martín J , Fargas O , Astiz S 
Published: August 2017

ContentsA controlled field trial was conducted to assess the potential influence of practitioner inexperience during early pregnancy diagnosis with ultrasound (PD‐US) on the risk of pregnancy loss. A veterinarian with more than 10 years’ experience in PD‐US (Vet‐A) and a veterinarian with fewer than 12 months’ experience at the start of the study (Vet‐B) visited the same dairy farm once a week for 33 and 26 weeks, respectively. The two veterinarians did not interact with each other at any time during the study, nor did they know that their data would later be used in this study. Using the same farm scanner, they performed PD‐US at 28–34 day after breeding, together diagnosing 915 pregnancies. All cows were re‐checked at 49–56 day after artificial insemination, and cows no longer pregnant were recorded as having suffered pregnancy loss. Although Vet‐A and Vet‐B diagnosed a similar proportion of pregnancies (58.44 ± 16% vs 56.96 ± 18%, p > .05), the rate of pregnancy loss was significantly higher among cows diagnosed by Vet‐B (10.41 ± 11.2% vs 4.87 ± 9.0, p = .029). In addition, among cows diagnosed by Vet‐B, the rate of pregnancy loss was significantly higher among cows diagnosed, while he had fewer than 12 months’ PD‐US experience (11.17 ± 12.14%) than among cows that he diagnosed later (7.14 ± 11.01%, p = .038); in fact, this latter loss rate was comparable to that among cows diagnosed by Vet‐A during the same period (3.51 ± 9.83%, p = .620). These results suggest that inexperience with PD‐US during the late embryonic period can increase risk of early pregnancy loss, supporting the need for proper training.
Muscle thickness correlates to muscle cross‐sectional area in the assessment of strength training‐induced hypertrophy
Authors: Franchi M. V. , Longo S. , Mallinson J. , Quinlan J. I. , Taylor T. , Greenhaff P. L. , Narici M. V. 
Published: August 2017

Muscle thickness (MT) measured by ultrasound has been used to estimate cross‐sectional area (measured by CT and MRI) at a single time point. We tested whether MT could be used as a valid marker of MRI determined muscle anatomical cross‐sectional area (ACSA) and volume changes following resistance training (RT). Nine healthy, young, male volunteers (24 ± 2 y.o., BMI 24.1 ± 2.8 kg/m2) had vastus lateralis (VL) muscle volume (VOL) and ACSAmid (at 50% of femur length, FL) assessed by MRI, and VL MT measured by ultrasound at 50% FL. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of isokinetic RT. Differences between baseline and post‐training were assessed by Student's paired t test. The relationships between MRI and ultrasound measurements were tested by Pearson's correlation. After RT, MT increased by 7.5 ± 6.1% (P < .001), ACSAmid by 5.2 ± 5% (P < .001), and VOL by 5.0 ± 6.9% (P < .05) (values: means ± SD). Positive correlations were found, at baseline and 12 weeks, between MT and ACSAmid (r = .82, P < .001 and r = .73, P < .001, respectively), and between MT and VOL (r = .76, P < .001 and r = .73, P < .001, respectively). The % change in MT with training was correlated with % change in ACSAmid (r = .69, P < .01), but not % change in VOL (r = .33, P > .05). These data support evidence that MT is a reliable index of muscle ACSAmid and VOL at a single time point. MT changes following RT are associated with parallel changes in muscle ACSAmid but not with the changes in VOL, highlighting the impact of RT on regional hypertrophy.
What happens in the pith stays in the pith: tissue‐localized defense responses facilitate chemical niche differentiation between two spatially separated herbivores
Authors: Lee Gisuk , Joo Youngsung , Kim Sang‐Gyu , Baldwin Ian T. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryHerbivore attack is known to elicit systemic defense responses that spread throughout the host plant and influence the performance of other herbivores. While these plant‐mediated indirect competitive interactions are well described, and the co‐existence of herbivores from different feeding guilds is common, the mechanisms of co‐existence are poorly understood. In both field and glasshouse experiments with a native tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata, we found no evidence of negative interactions when plants were simultaneously attacked by two spatially separated herbivores: a leaf chewer Manduca sexta and a stem borer Trichobaris mucorea. T. mucorea attack elicited jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonoyl‐l‐isoleucine bursts in the pith of attacked stems similar to those that occur in leaves when M. sexta attacks N. attenuata leaves. Pith chlorogenic acid (CGA) levels increased 1000‐fold to levels 6‐fold higher than leaf levels after T. mucorea attack; these increases in pith CGA levels, which did not occur in M. sexta‐attacked leaves, required JA signaling. With plants silenced in CGA biosynthesis (irHQT plants), CGA, as well as other caffeic acid conjugates, was demonstrated in both glasshouse and field experiments to function as a direct defense protecting piths against T. mucorea attack, but not against leaf chewers or sucking insects. T. mucorea attack does not systemically activate JA signaling in leaves, while M. sexta leaf‐attack transiently induces detectable but minor pith JA levels that are dwarfed by local responses. We conclude that tissue‐localized defense responses allow tissue‐specialized herbivores to share the same host and occupy different chemical defense niches in the same hostplant.
Primary Sjogren’s syndrome and the risk of acute pancreatitis: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Chang Chi-Ching , Chang Yu-Sheng , Wang Shu-Hung , Lin Shyr-Yi , Chen Yi-Hsuan , Chen Jin Hua 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveStudies on the risk of acute pancreatitis in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) are limited. We evaluated the effects of pSS on the risk of acute pancreatitis in a nationwide, population-based cohort in Taiwan.Study designPopulation-based retrospective cohort study.SettingWe studied the claims data of the >97% Taiwan population from 2002 to 2012.ParticipantsWe identified 9468 patients with pSS by using the catastrophic illness registry of the National Health Insurance Database in Taiwan. We also selected 37 872 controls that were randomly frequency matched by age (in 5 year bands), sex and index year from the general population.Primary outcome measureWe analysed the risk of acute pancreatitis by using Cox proportional hazards regression models including sex, age and comorbidities.ResultsFrom 23.74 million people in the cohort, 9468 patients with pSS (87% women, mean age=55.6 years) and 37 872 controls were followed-up for 4.64 and 4.74 years, respectively. A total of 44 cases of acute pancreatitis were identified in the pSS cohort versus 105 cases in the non-pSS cohort. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the incidence rate of acute pancreatitis was significantly higher in the pSS cohort than in the non-pSS cohort (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.48, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.12). Cyclophosphamide use increased the risk of acute pancreatitis (aHR 5.27, 95% CI 1.16 to 23.86). By contrast, hydroxychloroquine reduced the risk of acute pancreatitis (aHR 0.23, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.55).ConclusionThis nationwide, retrospective cohort study demonstrated that the risk of acute pancreatitis was significantly higher in patients with pSS than in the general population.
The role of nurse specialists in the delivery of integrated diabetes care: a cross-sectional survey of diabetes nurse specialist services
Authors: Riordan Fiona , McHugh Sheena M , Murphy Katie , Barrett Julie , Kearney Patricia M 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesInternational evidence suggests the diabetes nurse specialist (DNS) has a key role in supporting integrated management of diabetes. We examine whether hospital and community DNS currently support the integration of care, examine regional variation in aspects of the service relevant to the delivery of integrated care and identify barriers to service delivery and areas for improvement.DesignA cross-sectional survey of hospital and community-based DNS in Ireland.MethodsBetween September 2015 and April 2016, a 67-item online survey, comprising closed and open questions on their clinical role, diabetes clinics, multidisciplinary working, and barriers and facilitators to service delivery, was administered to all eligible DNS (n=152) in Ireland. DNS were excluded if they were retired or on maternity leave or extended leave.ResultsThe response rate was 66.4% (n=101): 60.6% (n=74) and 89.3% (n=25) among hospital and community DNS, respectively. Most DNS had patients with stable (81.8%) and complicated type 2 diabetes mellitus (89.9%) attending their service. The majority were delivering nurse-led clinics (81.1%). Almost all DNS had a role liaising with (91%), and providing support and education to (95%), other professionals. However, only a third reported that there was local agreement on how their service should operate between the hospital and primary care. Barriers to service delivery that were experienced by DNS included deficits in the availability of specialist staff (allied health professionals, endocrinologists and DNS), insufficient space for clinics, structured education and issues with integration.ConclusionsDelivering integrated diabetes care through a nurse specialist-led approach requires that wider service issues, including regional disparities in access to specialist resources and formalising agreements and protocols on multidisciplinary working between settings, be explicitly addressed.
HIV prevalence and factors associated with HIV infection among transgender women in Cambodia: results from a national Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey
Authors: Chhim Srean , Ngin Chanrith , Chhoun Pheak , Tuot Sovannary , Ly Cheaty , Mun Phalkun , Pal Khondyla , Macom John , Dousset Jean-Philippe , Mburu Gitau , Yi Siyan 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo examine factors associated with HIV infection among transgender women in Cambodia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingsHIV high-burden sites including the capital city and 12 provinces.ParticipantsThis study included 1375 sexually active transgender women with a mean age of 25.9 years (SD 7.1), recruited by using respondent-driven sampling for structured questionnaire interviews and rapid finger-prick HIV testing.Primary outcome measureHIV infection detected by using Determine antibody test.ResultsHIV prevalence among this population was 5.9%. After adjustment for other covariates, participants living in urban areas were twice as likely to be HIV infected as those living in rural areas. Participants with primary education were 1.7 times as likely to be infected compared with those with high school education. HIV infection increased with age; compared with those aged 18–24 years, the odds of being HIV infected were twice as high among transgender women aged 25–34 years and 2.8 times higher among those aged ≥35 years. Self-injection of gender affirming hormones was associated with a fourfold increase in the odds of HIV infection. A history of genital sores over the previous 12 months increased the odds of HIV infection by threefold. Transgender women with stronger feminine identity, dressing as a woman all the time, were twice as likely to be HIV infected compared with those who did not dress as a woman all the time. Having never used online services developed for transgender women in the past six months was also associated with higher odds of being HIV infected.ConclusionsTransgender women in Cambodia are at high risk of HIV. To achieve the goal of eliminating HIV in Cambodia, effective combination prevention strategies addressing the above risk factors among transgender women should be strengthened.