bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in knowledge related to dental implants between patients with and without a treatment history of dental implants
Authors: Ken Yukawa , Tachikawa Noriko , Kasugai Shohei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis aim of this study was to investigate the differences between patients with and without a treatment history of dental implants by use of a questionnaire survey in order to determine the information that is required for patients undergoing dental implants.Materials and MethodsThe questionnaires were given to 4512 patients who visited the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital for oral implants between January 2012 and December 2014, and 2972 (66%) valid questionnaires were collected.ResultsThere were 857 patients with a treatment history of dental implants and 2115 patients without. “Preservation of an adjacent tooth” was the reason that 32% of these patients chose implant therapy, and the patients without treatment history were significantly higher than the patients with one. Significantly, more patients without a treatment history of dental implants selected the after‐effects of surgery and pain after surgery as their main concerns for implant therapy compared to those with a treatment history. In the question “Pain after surgery,” the patients without treatment history did not know significantly lower than the patients with one.ConclusionsPatients without a treatment history of dental implants placed more importance on the preservation of healthy teeth. Because patients, in particular those without a treatment history of dental implants, are anxious about surgery, we should provide them with more information on treatment than we already do and explain the risks of treatment to them. To keep the credence between doctors and patients, informed consent and patient education on treatment are six important concerns.
Unusual glycogenic hepatopathy causing abnormal liver enzymes in a morbidly obese adolescent with well‐controlled type 2 diabetes: resolved after A1c was normalized by metformin
Authors: Umpaichitra Vatcharapan 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe report, for the first time, a case of an accumulation of glycogen in the liver causing elevation of liver enzymes in a 15‐year‐old morbidly obese adolescent male with well‐controlled type 2 diabetes. Notably, the patient did not have poorly controlled type 1 diabetes and did not require insulin. After normalization of the A1c with metformin, elevated liver enzymes returned to normal.
Acrylate and methacrylate contact allergy and allergic contact disease: a 13‐year review
Authors: Spencer Ashley , Gazzani Paul , Thompson Donna A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackground(Meth)acrylates are important causes of contact allergy and allergic contact disease, such as dermatitis and stomatitis, with new and emerging sources resulting in changing clinical presentations.ObjectivesTo identify the (meth)acrylates that most commonly cause allergic contact disease, highlight their usefulness for screening, and examine their relationship with occupational and clinical data.MethodsA retrospective review of results from patch tests performed between July 2002 and September 2015, in one tertiary Cutaneous Allergy Unit, was performedResultsA series of 28 (meth)acrylates was applied to 475 patients. Results were positive in 52 cases, with occupational sources being identified in 24. Industrial exposures and acrylic nails were responsible for 13 and 10 cases, respectively, with wound dressings being implicated in 7. We found that four individual (meth)acrylates (2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate, bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate, and ethyl acrylate), if used as a screening tool, could have identified 47 (90.4%) of our positive cases.ConclusionsOur 13‐year experience indicates a changing landscape of (meth)acrylate contact allergy and allergic contact disease, with an observed shift in exposures away from manufacturing and towards acrylic nail sources. Wound dressings are highlighted as emerging sources of sensitization. Larger studies are required to establish the sensitivity and specificity of the four (meth)acrylates proposed for potential screening.
Categorical Perception Beyond the Basic Level: The Case of Warm and Cool Colors
Authors: Holmes Kevin J. , Regier Terry 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCategories can affect our perception of the world, rendering between‐category differences more salient than within‐category ones. Across many studies, such categorical perception (CP) has been observed for the basic‐level categories of one's native language. Other research points to categorical distinctions beyond the basic level, but it does not demonstrate CP for such distinctions. Here we provide such a demonstration. Specifically, we show CP in English speakers for the non‐basic distinction between “warm” and “cool” colors, claimed to represent the earliest stage of color lexicon evolution. Notably, the advantage for discriminating colors that straddle the warm–cool boundary was restricted to the right visual field—the same behavioral signature previously observed for basic‐level categories. This pattern held in a replication experiment with increased power. Our findings show that categorical distinctions beyond the basic‐level repertoire of one's native language are psychologically salient and may be spontaneously accessed during normal perceptual processing.
New aspect for systemic effects of COPD: eye findings
Authors: Ugurlu Erhan , Pekel Gokhan , Altinisik Goksel , Bozkurt Kerem , Can Ilknur , Evyapan Fatma 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has multisystemic implications and comorbidities. Hypoxia and systemic inflammation are thought to involve oculary structures. In this study, our aim is to evaluate retinal nerve fiber and choroidal thickness and retinal vessel diameter using the spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) in COPD subjects.MethodsForty‐three subjects diagnosed with COPD according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria at the Pulmonology Department of Pamukkale University were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent respiratory function testing and a carbon monoxide diffusion test. To determine hypoxic state, arterial blood gas analysis was performed. The control group consisted of 31 subjects with comparable age and gender distribution. All participants underwent a standard ophthalmic examination including visual acuity assessment, biomicroscopy, air‐puff tonometry, indirect retinoscopy, and SD‐OCT measurements.ResultsThe mean subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), foveal thickness, and retinal arteriolar caliber were found to be similar in both groups, while the mean retinal venular caliber value was markedly higher in the COPD group. The mean peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was 100.2±11.8 µm in the COPD group and 105.6 ± 8.1 µm in the control group (P = .03). The inferior quadrant RNFL was significantly thinner in the COPD group.ConclusionsThe results of this study showed increasing diameter of the retinal veins, thinning of the RNFL, and SFCT may be associated to chronic inflammation and hypoxia in subjects with COPD. Future guidelines may include ocular findings to the present systemic manifestations of COPD.
Tiotropium plus formoterol versus tiotropium alone for stable moderate‐to‐severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zou Yong , Xiao Jian , Lu Xiao Xiao , Xia Zi An , Xie Bin , Li Jun , Chen Qiong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeThis meta‐analysis was performed to compare the risks and benefits of combined treatment with tiotropium plus formoterol versus tiotropium alone for stable moderate‐to‐severe COPD.MethodsA comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared formoterol plus tiotropium to tiotropium alone in COPD patients with a duration of at least 4 weeks. The cut‐off date for the search was July 1, 2015. The odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) was used to pool the results with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsEight randomized controlled trials were eligible for this meta‐analysis. A significant improvement was observed among patients treated with tiotropium plus formoterol compared with tiotropium alone in the following spirometric indices: mean change in trough FEV1 (P = .02), trough FVC (P = .007), peak FEV1 (P < .00001), and peak FVC (P < .00001). A similar result was noted for the transitional dyspnea index (TDI) (MD 1.46; 95% CI 1.07‐1.85) and a clinically significant change in TDI between the tiotropium plus formoterol and tiotropium alone groups (P < .00001). Moreover, a trend toward fewer adverse events was seen in the combination treatment group compared with the tiotropium group (OR .88; 95% CI .70‐1.11), although this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsCompared with tiotropium alone, tiotropium in combination with formoterol improved lung function and the symptoms of dyspnea in stable moderate‐to‐severe COPD patients. Moreover, the combined treatment group tended to have fewer adverse events compared with the tiotropium treatment alone group.
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of receptor‐binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells in lung‐cancer‐associated pleural effusion
Authors: Yang Jian , Zhu Ying , Wu Liangquan , Zhu Wenyan , Zhang Xiuwei , Yang Yang , Xu Chunhua 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of pleural effusion levels of soluble receptor‐binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells (sRCAS1) in lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE).MethodsPleural effusion samples were collected from 78 patients with MPE, and from 48 patients with benign pleural effusion (BPE). Pleural effusion sRCAS1 concentrations were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsMPE has significantly higher sRCAS1 levels than that of BPE (P < .01). With a cutoff value of 18.7 U/mL, sRCAS1 showed a good diagnostic performance for MPE. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that elevated sRCAS1 levels were an independent predictor of overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). Kaplan–Meier survival curves further confirmed that patients with high sRCAS1 have shorter DFS and OS (P = .026 and P = .032, respectively).ConclusionIn conclusion, measurement of sRCAS1 might be a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for MPE.
Urbanization is associated with increased asthma morbidity and mortality in Brazil
Authors: Ponte Eduardo Vieira , Cruz Alvaro A. , Athanazio Rodrigo , Carvalho‐Pinto Regina , Fernandes Frederico L. A. , Barreto Mauricio L. , Stelmach Rafael 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionPrevious cross‐sectional studies could establish an association between prevalence of self‐reported wheeze and urban–rural environment, but the impact of urbanization on meaningful outcomes of asthma for public health is not established yet.ObjectivesEvaluate the effect of urbanization on asthma burden.MethodsA time series study of 5,505 Brazilian municipalities. The unit of analysis was the municipality. Two time frames were evaluated: from 1999 to 2001 and from 2009 to 2011. Trends from the first to the second time frame were evaluated. Governmental databases were the source of information. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were used.ResultsIn the age range from 5 to 24 years old, municipalities with increase in the proportion of individuals living in urban area had lower odds to reduce hospital admission rate from asthma (OR: .93) and lower odds to reduce death rate from asthma (OR: .88). In the age range from 25 to 39 years old, municipalities with increase in the proportion of individuals living in urban area had lower odds to reduce hospital admission rate from asthma (OR: .93) and lower odds to reduce death rate from asthma (OR: .82). Municipalities that increased access to physicians and that supplied inhaled corticosteroids free of charge for asthma since year 2003 had increased odds to reduce hospital admission and death rates from asthma.ConclusionsIncrease in urban population was associated with lower odds to reduce hospital admission and death rates from asthma in children and young adults living in a transition society.
One‐year efficacy and safety of saxagliptin add‐on in patients receiving dapagliflozin and metformin
Authors: Matthaei S. , Aggarwal N. , Garcia‐Hernandez P. , Iqbal N. , Chen H. , Johnsson E. , Chin A. , Hansen L. 
Published: July 2016

AimsGreater reductions in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) with saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, versus placebo add‐on in patients with type 2 diabetes who had inadequate glycaemic control with dapagliflozin 10 mg/d plus metformin were demonstrated after 24 weeks of treatment. Results over 52 weeks of treatment were assessed in this analysis.Materials and methodsPatients (mean baseline HbA1c 7.9%) receiving open‐label dapagliflozin 10 mg/d plus metformin were randomized to double‐blind saxagliptin 5 mg/d or placebo add‐on.ResultsThe adjusted mean change from baseline to week 52 in HbA1c was greater with saxagliptin than with placebo add‐on −0.38% vs 0.05%; difference −0.42% (95% confidence interval −0.64, −0.20)]. More patients achieved the HbA1c target of <7% with saxagliptin than with placebo add‐on (29% vs 13%), and fewer patients were rescued or discontinued the study for lack of glycaemic control with saxagliptin than with placebo add‐on (19% vs 28%). Reductions from baseline in body weight (≤1.5 kg) occurred in both groups. Similar proportions of patients reported ≥1 adverse event with saxagliptin (58.2%) and placebo add‐on (58.0%); no new safety signals were detected. Hypoglycaemia was infrequent in both treatment groups (≤2.5%), with no major episodes. The rate of urinary tract infections was similar in the saxagliptin and placebo add‐on groups (7.8% vs 7.4%). The incidence of genital infections was 3.3% with saxagliptin versus 6.2% with placebo add‐on.ConclusionsTriple therapy with saxagliptin add‐on to dapagliflozin plus metformin for 52 weeks resulted in sustained improvements in glycaemic control without an increase in body weight or increased risk of hypoglycaemia.
Ultrasonographic features of pedunculated lipomas in two horses
Authors: Manso‐Díaz G. , López‐Sanromán F. J. , Jiménez J. , Ezquerra L. J. , Martín‐Cuervo M. 
Published: July 2016

SummarySmall intestine strangulation by pedunculated lipomas is a common cause of acute colic in horses. However, diagnosis of this condition prior to surgery may be difficult due to the poor specificity of the clinical signs. We describe the ultrasonographic findings of 2 horses presented for acute colic with a diagnosis of strangulating lipoma confirmed in surgery. Lipomas were identified as rounded and well‐defined, homogeneous hyperechoic structures, surrounded by distended small intestine loops and peritoneal fluid. Ultrasonographic identification of lipomas should be attempted during an abdominal scan, especially in horses with evidence of small intestinal ileus and/or obstruction.
Nutrient–insecticide interactions decouple density‐dependent predation pressure in aquatic insects
Authors: Alexander Alexa C. , Culp Joseph M. , Baird Donald J. , Cessna Allan J. 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Subsidy‐stress responses can decouple density‐dependent relationships between taxa within a community by increasing resources for some taxa while removing sensitive species. In this study, we examined the effects of a triad of subsidy‐stress responses on predator‐prey relationships in a benthic macroinvertebrate community under the action of insecticides, nutrients and predation pressure all at environmentally relevant doses.

We stocked 72 outdoor artificial streams with benthic invertebrates to establish a fully factorial experiment to investigate the interactive effects of two anthropogenic factors: (i) three levels of nutrient enrichment (low, moderate and high); and (ii) three doses of imidacloprid, a common agricultural insecticide, at control, low (LOEC) and lethal doses (LC50). These factors were crossed with (iii) another, biotic stressor by stocking half of the streams with a predaceous perlid stonefly at near‐natural densities.

Fifty percent of the community‐level responses were driven by the combined effect of nutrients and the insecticide. An additional 27% of the community variation was best explained by predation pressure, which we estimated as the gape width × density of Agnetina capitata at the end of the experiment.

No negative effect of imidacloprid on A. capitata was detected (P = 0.62). By the end of the 3‐week experiment, the overall gape width and predation pressure of A. capitata had more than doubled (2.1–3.7x) in all moderate nutrient streams (P < 0.01). Increased size and predation pressure of A. capitata covaried with the depressed density of all macroinvertebrate taxa as well as EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) taxa and the mayfly Baetis in particular.

Structural equation models (SEM) highlighted that nutrient enrichment was the main driver of individual and community responses in the artificial streams. Additionally, SEM showed that density but not body size of Baetis was severely hampered by A. capitata predation, suggesting that these stoneflies selectively foraged on other species in the first 10 days of the experiment.

Our findings highlight the difficulties of assessing the risk of contaminants in aquatic communities where interacting species respond differently to subsidies and stresses.
Influence of grazing on triclosan toxicity to stream periphyton
Authors: Guasch Helena , Ricart Marta , López‐Doval Júlio , Bonnineau Chloé , Proia Lorenzo , Morin Soizic , Muñoz Isabel , Romaní Anna M. , Sabater Sergi 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Interactions between emerging contaminants and other drivers of community structure and function are poorly known. We used laboratory microcosms to investigate the single and combined effects of grazing and triclosan toxicity on the structure and function of stream periphyton.

Grazing alone strongly reduced algal biomass, but also reduced oxidative stress and increased periphyton productivity and phosphorus (P) uptake capacity. This suggests that grazed algal communities can compensate for reduced biomass by enhanced growth after being released from grazing.

Triclosan exposure (11.6 ± 1.1 μg L−1) reduced the detoxification capacity and P‐uptake capacity of periphyton and altered diatom taxonomic composition. This indicates that triclosan at environmentally relevant concentrations affects the capacity of periphyton to remove dissolved nutrients and to cope with toxicant mixtures commonly occurring in streams.

Triclosan exposure and grazing pressure had negative synergistic effects on algal size‐class distribution and diatom mortality, since the effects of triclosan were higher than expected when periphyton was subject to grazing.

Periphyton exposed to toxic substances such as triclosan had a lower capacity to cope with grazing than unexposed communities, because toxicity can limit algal regrowth after release from grazing and promote the loss of less abundant species. This synergism may have important implications because grazing pressure will magnify the negative effects of toxicants on community structure and ecosystem functions such as primary production and nutrient cycling.
Basal biomarkers nestin and INPP4b identify intrinsic subtypes accurately in breast cancers that are weakly positive for oestrogen receptor
Authors: Asleh‐Aburaya Karama , Sheffield Brandon S , Kos Zuzana , Won Jennifer R , Wang Xiu Q , Gao Dongxia , Wolber Robert , Gilks C Blake , Bernard Philip S , Chia Stephen K L , Nielsen Torsten O 
Published: July 2016

AimsRecent evidence indicates that weakly positive immunohistochemical staining of oestrogen receptor (ER) is not associated reliably with a luminal subtype, with the majority reclassified as basal‐like by gene expression profile. In this study we assessed the capacity of recently identified immunohistochemical markers of basal‐like subtype not dependent upon ER status – positive expression of nestin or loss of inositol polyphosphate‐4‐phosphatase (INPP4b) – to discriminate intrinsic subtypes, focusing on clinically problematic cases with weak ER positivity.Methods and resultsFormalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded blocks, enriched for large proportions of ER‐negative and ER weakly positive breast cancers, were selected from two previous studies conducted in the period 2008–13 and used for (i) RNA extraction for 50‐gene subtype predictor (PAM50) intrinsic subtyping and (ii) tissue microarray construction for immunohistochemical assessment of nestin and INPP4b. Fifty‐eight cases were weakly positive for ER (Allred 3–5), among which 28 (48%) were assigned as basal‐like by PAM50 gene expression. In these 58 cases, the nestin/INPP4b panel identified 23 basal‐like cases with a positive predictive value of 87% [95% confidence interval (CI) 78–95%] and excluded luminal subtype with a negative predictive value of 95% (95% CI 88–100%). Weakly positive ER patients assigned as basal‐like by nestin/INPP4b definition demonstrated a median survival time of 45.8 months, significantly lower than 65 months among other ER weakly positive cases (P = 0.012).ConclusionsImmunohistochemical assessment of nestin and INPP4b provides an accurate, accessible and inexpensive tool to identify basal‐like breast cancer subtype in the clinically problematic setting of weak ER positivity. This panel identifies poor prognosis patients who might need strong considerations for non‐endocrine‐based therapies.
Isosweetness concentrations of sucrose and high‐intensity sweeteners and antioxidant activity in white chocolate with functional properties
Authors: Morais Ferreira Janaína Madruga , Azevedo Bruna Marcacini , Silva Fernanda Guimarães Drummond e , Luccas Valdecir , Bolini Helena Maria André 
Published: July 2016

SummaryHealthier food products are an emerging trend in consumer demand. In this context, this study aimed at producing a prebiotic white chocolate with addition of an antioxidant source [goji berry (GB)] and replacement of sucrose by high‐intensity sweeteners (sucralose and rebaudioside A). The ideal sucrose level in white chocolate was determined as 40.46% (w/w). Different concentrations of dried GB (3%, 6% and 9%, w/w) in white chocolate did not affect consumers' preference. The isosweetness concentrations of the sweeteners were 0.05% for sucralose and from 0.10% to 0.16% (w/w) for rebaudioside A in prebiotic white chocolates. However, among the prebiotic chocolates containing GB, sucralose was the best sucrose substitute. The prebiotic white chocolates with GB showed antioxidant activity up to three times higher than the samples without the dried fruit, determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power and oxygen radical absorbance capacity methods. GB contributed to enhancing the nutritional value of white chocolate.