bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment serum lactate dehydrogenase is an independent prognostic factor for patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Li Jing , Wu Miao‐Fang , Lu Huai‐Wu , Chen Qing , Lin Zhong‐Qiu , Wang Li‐Juan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFor locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC), hypoxia is a characteristic property. This study aimed to investigate whether baseline lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level, which is a marker of hypoxia, had clinical value in determining neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) response and prognosis for LACC patients. The study cohort included 418 patients with a median follow‐up of 37.5 months. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the prognostic value of baseline LDH levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of complete response after NACT. Backward stepwise selection with the Akaike information criterion was used to identify factors that could be entered into the multivariate regression model. Compared with patients with LDH levels <252.0 μ/L, patients with LDH levels ≥252.0 μ/L were more likely to have an elevated level of squamous cell carcinoma antigen, lymphatic vascular space involvement, lymph node metastasis, and positive parametrium and achieved lower complete remission rates. Baseline LDH levels ≥252.0 μ/L was an independent prognosticator for recurrence‐free survival (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.22–5.69; P < 0.0001) and cancer‐specific survival (adjusted HR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.89–5.01; P < 0.0001). The predictive value of baseline LDH value remained significant in the subgroup analysis. LDH level ≥252.0 μ/L was identified as an independent predictor of complete remission after NACT (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.29; 95% CI, 0.15–0.58; P < 0.0001). Baseline LDH ≥252.0 μ/L is an independent prognostic predictor for patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for LACC. It helps distinguish patients with different prognosis and select patients who are more likely to benefit from NACT.
Ionic‐Liquid Tag with Multiple Functions in Electrochemical Glycosylation
Authors: Nokami Toshiki , Sasaki Norihiko , Isoda Yuta , Itoh Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA benzyl‐ether‐type ionic‐liquid tag (IL tag) was developed and applied for electrochemical glycosylation. The IL tag was shown to display multifunctional roles in the glycosylation: the tag in thioglycosides worked as both an intramolecular electrolyte for the anodic oxidation and a stereo‐controlling group; it also enabled easy extraction of the products after the reaction.
Fine‐Tuning of Lewis Acidity: The Case of Borenium Hydride Complexes Derived from Bis(phosphinimino)amide Boron Precursors
Authors: Jaiswal Kuldeep , Prashanth Billa , Singh Sanjay 
Published: June 2016

AbstractReactions of bis(phosphinimino)amines LH and L′H with Me2S⋅BH2Cl afforded chloroborane complexes LBHCl (1) and L′BHCl (2), and the reaction of L′H with BH3⋅Me2S gave a dihydridoborane complex L′BH2 (3) (LH=[{(2,4,6‐Me3C6H2N)P(Ph2)}2N]H and L′H=[{(2,6‐iPr2C6H3N)P(Ph2)}2N]H). Furthermore, abstraction of a hydride ion from L′BH2 (3) and LBH2 (4) mediated by Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 or the weakly coordinating ion pair [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] smoothly yielded a series of borenium hydride cations: [L′BH]+[HB(C6F5)3]− (5), [L′BH]+[B(C6F5)4]− (6), [LBH]+[HB(C6F5)3]− (7), and [LBH]+[B(C6F5)4]− (8). Synthesis of a chloroborenium species [LBCl]+[BCl4]− (9) without involvement of a weakly coordinating anion was also demonstrated from a reaction of LBH2 (4) with three equivalents of BCl3. It is clear from this study that the sterically bulky strong donor bis(phosphinimino)amide ligand plays a crucial role in facilitating the synthesis and stabilization of these three‐coordinated cationic species of boron. Therefore, the present synthetic approach is not dependent on the requirement of weakly coordinating anions; even simple BCl4− can act as a counteranion with borenium cations. The high Lewis acidity of the boron atom in complex 8 enables the formation of an adduct with 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), [LBH⋅(DMAP)]+[B(C6F5)4]− (10). The solid‐state structures of complexes 1, 5, and 9 were investigated by means of single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis.
A Mixed‐Valent Uranium Phosphonate Framework Containing UIV, UV, and UVI
Authors: Chen Lanhua , Zheng Tao , Bao Songsong , Zhang Linjuan , Liu Hsin‐Kuan , Zheng Limin , Wang Jianqiang , Wang Yaxing , Diwu Juan , Chai Zhifang , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. , Wang Shuao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIt is shown that UVO2+ ions can reside at UVIO22+ lattice sites during mild reduction and crystallization process under solvothermal conditions, yielding a complicated and rare mixed‐valent uranium phosphonate compound that simultaneously contains UIV, UV, and UVI. The presence of uranium with three oxidation states was confirmed by various characterization techniques, including X‐ray crystallography, X‐ray photoelectron, electron paramagnetic resonance, FTIR, UV/Vis‐NIR absorption, and synchrotron radiation X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and magnetism measurements.
Cooperative Catalysis for Selective Alcohol Oxidation with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Slot Thierry K. , Eisenberg David , van Noordenne Dylan , Jungbacker Peter , Rothenberg Gadi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe activation of dioxygen for selective oxidation of organic molecules is a major catalytic challenge. Inspired by the activity of nitrogen‐doped carbons in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction, we combined such a carbon with metal‐oxide catalysts to yield cooperative catalysts. These simple materials boost the catalytic oxidation of several alcohols, using molecular oxygen at atmospheric pressure and low temperature (80 °C). Cobalt and copper oxide demonstrate the highest activities. The high activity and selectivity of these catalysts arises from the cooperative action of their components, as proven by various control experiments and spectroscopic techniques. We propose that the reaction should not be viewed as occurring at an ‘active site’, but rather at an ‘active doughnut’–the volume surrounding the base of a carbon‐supported metal‐oxide particle.
Pyrolysis of ground pine chip and ground pellet particles
Authors: Rezaei Hamid , Yazdanpanah Fahimeh , Lim C. Jim , Lau Anthony , Sokhansanj Shahab 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn addition to particle size, biomass density influences heat and mass transfer rates during the thermal treatment processes. In this research, thermal behaviour of ground pine chip particles and ground pine pellet particles in the range of 0.25–5 mm was investigated. A single particle from ground pellets was almost 3 to 4 times denser than a single particle from ground chips at a similar size and volume of particle. Temperature was ramped up from room temperature (∼25 °C) to 600 °C with heating rates of 10, 20, 30, and 50 °C/min. Pellet particles took 25–88 % longer time to dry than the chip particles. Microscopic examination of 3 mm and larger chip particles showed cracks during drying. No cracks were observed for pellet particles. The mass loss due to treatment at temperatures higher than 200 °C was about 80 % both for chip and pellet particles. It took 4 min for chip and pellet particles to lose roughly 63 % of their dry mass at a heating rate of 50 °C/min. The SEM structural analysis showed enlarged pores and cracks in cell walls of the pyrolyzed wood chips. These pores were not observed in pyrolyzed pellet particles.
Effective thermal conductivity of unary particulate bed
Authors: Mandal Debapriya , Gupta Shuplay 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEffective thermal conductivity of a unary (mono‐sized) pebble bed depends on the physical properties of solid pebbles, physical properties and flow rate of fluid, temperature, coordination number of pebbles, and void fraction. The pebble size also plays an important role on the effective thermal conductivity of a unary pebble bed. To date, no theoretical justification for the same has been reported. In this present study an attempt was made to justify theoretically the dependence of the effective thermal conductivity on pebble size of a unary pebble bed filled with a stagnant fluid. A mathematical model has been developed to determine the effective thermal conductivity of a unary pebble bed with stagnant fluid. Different particle sizes (10 μm to 10 mm) were considered and modes of heat transfer were assumed to be conduction and convention only. Radiation mode of heat transfer was not considered. It was found that the effective thermal conductivity depends on the pebble size and the estimated values of the same were in close agreement with the reported experimental results.
Validation of Three Platelet Function Tests for Bleeding Risk Stratification During Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Following Coronary Interventions
Authors: Kim Moo Hyun , Choi Sun Young , An Soo Yeon , Serebruany Victor 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough low platelet reactivity (LPR) is commonly detected during bleeding, a validated threshold for reliable DAPT bleeding risk stratification is lacking. We tested the diagnostic utility of 3 conventional platelet‐activity assays to define the predictive value (if any) of LPR for bleeding.HypothesisWe hypothesized whether one of these tests be better than any others for predicting bleeding events.MethodsPatients (n = 800) following drug‐eluting stent implantation received DAPT. Bleeding was assessed by Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) classification and events were collected for 1 year after stenting. Platelet reactivity was measured by light transmittance aggregometry (LTA), VerifyNow, and multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA). The LPR values for bleeding event stratification were defined as ≤15% for LTA, ≤139 PRU for VerifyNow, and ≤25 U for MEA.ResultsBleeding events occurred in 18 patients (2.3%). All tests distinguished LPR as an independent predictor for bleeding by univariate analysis ([HR]: 5.00, 95% [CI]: 1.8‐14.0, P = 0.002 for LTA; HR: 21.3, 95% CI: 6.2‐73.0, P < 0.0001 for VerifyNow; and HR: 7.4, 95% CI: 2.2‐25.5, P = 0.002 for MEA). Multivariate analysis revealed that only VerifyNow (HR: 11.5, 95% CI: 2.9‐45.7, P < 0.0004) remained an independent predictor for bleeding. However, the specificity (81.5%, 60.2%, and 81.7%, respectively) and sensitivity (61.1%, 83.3%, and 83.2%, respectively) of all 3 tests were quite low.ConclusionsAmong 3 conventional platelet‐activity assays, VerifyNow was better than LTA or MEA for triaging future bleeding risks. However, all 3 tests failed to reliably predict future bleeding.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N2‐Substituted 2,4‐Diamino‐6‐cyclohexylmethoxy‐5‐nitrosopyrimidines and Related 5‐Cyano‐NNO‐azoxy Derivatives as Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) Inhibitors
Authors: Cortese Daniela , Chegaev Konstantin , Guglielmo Stefano , Wang Lan Z. , Golding Bernard T. , Cano Céline , Fruttero Roberta 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe potent and selective cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitor NU6027 (6‐cyclohexylmethoxy‐5‐nitroso‐2,4‐diaminopyrimidine) was used as the lead for the synthesis of a series of analogues in order to provide further insight into the structure–activity relationships for 2,4‐diaminopyrimidine CDK2 inhibitors. Aliphatic amino substituents were introduced at position 2. The use of linear or less sterically hindered amines gave rise to compounds endowed with slightly better activity than the lead; on the other hand, the compounds were less active if a bulkier amino substituent was used. Substitution of the 5‐nitroso group with a 5‐cyano‐NNO‐azoxy moiety afforded a new class of inhibitors, the activity of which against CDK2 was found to be similar to that of the nitroso series. The most active nitroso compound was 8 b ((2S)‐2‐[(4‐amino‐6‐cyclohexylmethoxy‐5‐nitrosopyrimidin‐2‐yl)amino]propan‐1‐ol; IC50=0.16 μm), while in the 5‐cyano‐NNO‐azoxy series the most active compound was 9 b (4‐amino‐5‐[(Z)‐cyano‐NNO‐azoxy]‐2‐{[(2S)‐1‐hydroxypropan‐2‐yl]amino}‐6‐cyclohexylmethoxypyrimidine; IC50=0.30 μm). Taken together, these new analogues of NU6027 enhance our understanding of the structure–activity relationships for 2,4‐diaminopyrimidine CDK2 inhibitors.
Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Methylcyanodiacetylene (CH3C5N)
Authors: Szczepaniak Urszula , Turowski Michał , Custer Thomas , Gronowski Marcin , Kerisit Nicolas , Trolez Yann , Kołos Robert 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA spectroscopic study combining IR absorption and Raman scattering is presented for methylcyanodiacetylene (CH3C5N). Gas‐phase, cryogenic matrix‐isolated, and pure solid‐phase substance was analyzed. Out of 16 normal vibrational modes, 14 were directly observed. The analysis of the spectra was assisted by quantum chemical calculations of vibrational frequencies, IR absorption intensities, and Raman scattering activities at density functional theory and ab initio levels. Previous assignments of gas‐phase IR absorption bands were revisited and extended.
State of circuit components in the behavioral framework
Authors: Sommariva Antonino M. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryA general, rigorous but reasonably simple, and meaningful approach to the concept of state for circuit components is proposed in the behavioral framework. First, some basic notions of the behavioral setting (e.g., trajectory, event, universum of trajectories, admissible trajectory, and behavior) are recalled. Then, using the notion of trajectory concatenation, the forwards and backwards concatenation sets of an admissible trajectory are introduced, and the class of components with well‐ordered behavior is defined. Finally, for these components, the concept of state is established as the parametrization that rules the time‐dependent partition of the component behavior whose sets are closed under trajectory concatenation. To provide a clear and significant illustration of the theory, the state investigation of the class of the two‐terminal components whose behavior is generated by means of an ordinary differential relation of any order, linear, and with constant coefficients, is carried out in all details. This class includes, in particular, all compound one‐ports of the Classical Circuit Theory, that is, those made of customary resistors, capacitors, and inductors, coupled or not. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screened Effective Interaction Potential for Two‐Component Plasmas
Authors: Arkhipov Yu.V. , Ashikbayeva A.B. , Askaruly A. , Davletov A.E. , Dubovtsev D.Yu. , Tkachenko I. M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe linear density response formalism is used to analytically obtain an effective pairwise interaction potential of charged particles that simultaneously takes into account quantum mechanical and quantum statistical effects in weakly and moderately non‐ideal plasmas at thermal equilibrium. The static dielectric function is obtained by interpolating long ‐ and short wavelength asymptotic forms of the dielectric function in the random‐phase approximation. The exchange effects are neglected in the micropotential, while the quantum‐statistical effects are accounted for in the screening. The effective potential constructed in such a way takes a finite value at the origin and proves to be screened at large distances. The thermodynamic properties of two‐component plasmas are then calculated and comparison is made with some data available in the literature. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Genetic reconstruction of a bullfrog invasion to elucidate vectors of introduction and secondary spread
Authors: Kamath Pauline L. , Sepulveda Adam J. , Layhee Megan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractReconstructing historical colonization pathways of an invasive species is critical for uncovering factors that determine invasion success and for designing management strategies. The American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) is endemic to eastern North America, but now has a global distribution and is considered to be one of the worst invaders in the world. In Montana, several introduced populations have been reported, but little is known of their sources and vectors of introduction and secondary spread. We evaluated the genetic composition of introduced populations at local (Yellowstone River floodplain) and regional (Montana and Wyoming) scales in contrast to native range populations. Our objectives were to (1) estimate the number of introductions, (2) identify probable native sources, (3) evaluate genetic variation relative to sources, and (4) characterize properties of local‐ and regional‐scale spread. We sequenced 937 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b locus in 395 tadpoles collected along 100 km of the Yellowstone River, from three additional sites in MT and a proximate site in WY. Pairwise ΦST revealed high divergence among nonnative populations, suggesting at least four independent introductions into MT from diverse sources. Three cyt b haplotypes were identical to native haplotypes distributed across the Midwest and Great Lakes regions, and AMOVA confirmed the western native region as a likely source. While haplotype (Hd = 0.69) and nucleotide diversity (π = 0.005) were low in introduced bullfrogs, the levels of diversity did not differ significantly from source populations. In the Yellowstone, two identified haplotypes implied few introduction vectors and a significant relationship between genetic and river distance was found. Evidence for multiple invasions and lack of subsequent regional spread emphasizes the importance of enforcing legislation prohibiting bullfrog importation and the need for continuing public education to prevent transport of bullfrogs in MT. More broadly, this study demonstrates how genetic approaches can reveal key properties of a biological invasion to inform management strategies.
Woody expansion facilitates liana expansion and affects physical structure in temperate coastal communities
Authors: Bissett Spencer N. , Zinnert Julie C. , Young Donald R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCoastal ecosystems in general, and barrier islands in particular, offer unique opportunities to observe ecological patterns and processes in spatially and temporally compressed settings. Harsh abiotic conditions and frequent disturbances limit the number of resident species, and highly dynamic geomorphology may result in a space‐for‐time substitution as young shoreward communities give way to more developed later‐successional interior communities. We investigated relationships between lianas and woody plants at barrier island sites in Virginia (Hog Island) and North Carolina (Duck FRF), to evaluate whether liana proliferation accelerates or delays succession from the dominant woody community, Morella shrub thicket, to the historic climax community, maritime forest. Using aerial imagery, Lidar data, community surveys, and edaphic sampling, we found a correlative relationship between abiotic environmental variables and woody community structure, and also between woody community distribution and liana success. Environmental variables demonstrated little predictive ability for liana distribution, but there was evidence of an association between lianas and the prominent woody species at Hog Island, though patchiness of the community and abiotic homogeneity prevented these associations from establishing at Duck FRF. We suggest that trends of woody plant expansion, compounded with current and predicted global change effects on growth and success of lianas, may contribute to a delay or prevention of further successional development at these and other temperate coastal sites.
Efficacy and safety of edoxaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure: insights from ENGAGE AF‐TIMI 48
Authors: Magnani Giulia , Giugliano Robert P. , Ruff Christian T. , Murphy Sabina A. , Nordio Francesco , Metra Marco , Moccetti Tiziano , Mitrovic Veselin , Shi Minggao , Mercuri Michele , Antman Elliott M. , Braunwald Eugene 
Published: June 2016

AimsIn the ENGAGE AF‐TIMI 48 trial, edoxaban, a factor Xa inhibitor, was not found to be inferior to warfarin for the prevention of stroke or systemic embolic events (SEE) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and was associated with significantly less bleeding. The higher‐dose edoxaban regimen (HDER; 60 mg dose‐reduced to 30 mg once daily) has been approved in various countries in Europe, the USA, and Japan. Among patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), symptomatic heart failure (HF) is an independent risk factor for lower time‐in‐therapeutic range, which reduces the efficacy and safety of VKA therapy. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of edoxaban compared with warfarin across the spectrum of HF severity in the ENGAGE AF‐TIMI 48 trial.Methods and resultsOf 14 071 patients randomized to well‐controlled warfarin or the HDER, 5926 (42%) had no history of HF, 6344 (45%) were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I–II, and 1801 (13%) were in NYHA class III–IV. The efficacy of edoxaban compared with warfarin in preventing stroke/SEE was similar in patients without and with HF regardless of the severity of HF; [HDER vs. warfarin: No‐HF: hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69–1.11; NYHA class I–II: HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.69–1.12; NYHA class III–IV: HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.55–1.25; Pinteraction = 0.97]. Compared with warfarin, HDER was consistently associated with lower risk of major bleeding (No‐HF: HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.68–0.99; NYHA class I–II: HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65–0.96; NYHA class III–IV: HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.54–1.17; Pinteraction = 0.96).ConclusionThe relative efficacy and safety of HDER compared with well‐managed warfarin in AF patients with HF were similar to those without HF.
Dehydrogenative Coupling of a Tertiary Silane Using Wilkinson's Catalyst
Authors: Azpeitia Susan , Fernández Belén , Garralda María A. , Huertos Miguel A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Miguel A. Huertos at Universidad del País Vasco, San Sebastián, Spain. The cover image shows the dehydrocoupling of a tertiary silane catalyzed by Wilkinson's catalyst. The hydrosilane used as substrate in this reaction has two thioether moieties, which help synthesize an active species in the catalytic cycle, such as the silylhydridorhodium(III) complex also shown.