bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology‐based instrumental activities of daily living in persons with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders
Authors: Benge Jared F. , Ali Arsh , Chandna Neha , Rana Noor , Mis Rachel , González David A. , Kiselica Andrew M. , Scullin Michael K. , Hilsabeck Robin C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONInstrumental activities of daily living (iADLs) increasingly involve technology (e.g., making payments online, texting). The current study examined the applicability and diagnostic accuracy of technology‐based iADLs in those evaluated for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).METHODSA total of 264 care partners of persons undergoing comprehensive interdisciplinary evaluations completed the Functional Activities Questionnaire and 11 technology‐based iADL items.RESULTSTechnology‐based iADLs applied to more than 80% of patients. Average dependence on technology‐based items was overall less than for traditional iADLs. The addition of technology‐based items to traditional iADL items slightly improved the ability to identify individuals with dementia. When considered separately, technology‐based iADL items demonstrated comparable ability to distinguish between diagnostic stages.DISCUSSIONTechnology use is common in older adults with ADRD for a range of daily activities. Accounting for technology use increases the content validity of existing iADL measures for the modern context and yields comparable diagnostic accuracy.Highlights
Technology use is often integral to daily activity performance for individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).
Daily technologies, such as smartphones, were used frequently by those with ADRD.
Many individuals were less dependent on technology activities than traditional activities.
Adding technology questions slightly increased diagnostic accuracy for detecting dementia.
Modeling the Distribution and Environmental Preferences of the Ladakh Urial in the Arid Himalayas
Authors: Lambe Jeremy Roy , Raza Mohd , Namgail Tsewang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMountains play a crucial role in shaping the climate of an area and subsequently, the environments and species that are suited to those particular conditions. Understanding the relationships between environmental conditions and their influence on the occurrence of a species is necessary to make informed decisions when conserving relevant habitats. This study evaluated and compared the potential for different interactions between climatic variables to describe the environmental preferences and the range of the Ladakh urial, a narrowly distributed sub‐species of Ovis vignei, in the arid Himalayas. Species distribution models were created from spatially thinned presence‐only occurrence data of 50 locations using a Maximum Entropy (Maxent) model. For this, we subdivided the modeled distribution into environmental categories with varying degrees of suitability. We identified a high cold precipitation to annual precipitation ratio typical of cold desert climates well suited to describe the highest quality environments for urial. The inverse, low warm precipitation to annual precipitation ratio was found to better describe the urial's range at the lower end of potential habitat. In this comparison, we observed that with the exclusion of unsuitable cold steppe habitat with a higher warm precipitation to annual precipitation ratio, we were able to refine the extent of this species range but at a trade‐off to the accurate description of high‐quality environments. This study demonstrated the strong potential of cold arid climatic conditions to describe the distribution of urial in India, which have implications for identifying important areas for the conservation and management of the species in the high altitude rangelands of Ladakh.
Benign and malignant cutaneous nasal lesions
Authors: Sarikhani Hamed , Zhao Karena , Polacco Marc A. , Gropper Charles , Helman Samuel N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe nose is a structure of both cosmetic and functional importance. Cutaneous lesions of the nose occasionally represent a diagnostic challenge and involve the expertise of several specialties from dermatology, otolaryngology—head and neck surgery, infectious disease, and pathology, among others. We present a review of salient features of malignant and benign cutaneous nasal lesions which are of importance to physicians treating these complicated pathologies.
Hypervalent Iodine Catalyzed Cascade C−H Functionalization: An Atom‐Economical Strategy to Access Diverse 2‐Substituted Benzothiazoles
Authors: Shakeena Kotari , Srinivas Bokka , Sai Sriram Thammana Subha , Prasad Chamanthula Leela , Indukuri Kiran , Krishna Kumar Muthyala Murali , Kumar Alla Santhosh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA metal‐free 4,5‐difluoro‐2‐iodobenzoic acid catalyzed C−H functionalization strategy has been developed for the synthesis of 2‐(hetero)aryl benzothiazoles from aryl isothiocyanates and unfunctionalized arenes/thiophenes/furans at room temperature. The procedure entails one‐pot cascade carbon−carbon and carbon−sulfur bond formation facilitated by triflic acid, which serves as both a Brønsted acid and a ligand source at the in situ generated I(III) center. This process is atom‐economical and offers benefits over existing protocols for synthesizing benzothiazoles in terms of ease of use, eco‐friendliness, and not requiring the typical use of aryl aldehyde/carboxylic acid precursors. Mechanistic studies were carried out, and the synthetic utility of the protocol was demonstrated for the synthesis of the benzothiazole‐based antitumor drug GW‐610.
Study on characteristics, efficiency, and variations of water flooding in different stages for low permeability oil sandstone
Authors: Fan Houjiang , Liu Xiaoqiang , Li Gang , Li Xiang , Radwan Ahmed E. , Yin Shuai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWater flooding is an important way to improve recovery in low‐permeability sandstone oil reservoirs. How to decouple the water flooding process using dynamic and static information is a hot topic. In this paper, taking the Paleocene low‐permeability oil sandstone, BY area, eastern Nanxiang Basin as an example, the microscopic water flooding process in the low‐permeability sandstone matrix was systematically investigated, and the characteristics of water channeling under the conditions of fracture existence were analyzed using the dynamic and static monitoring data. The results show that the target layer mainly develops frequently thin stacked composite sand bodies. Under the combined influence of matrix and fracture seepage, the low‐permeability sandstone developed by water flooding shows that there is a single direction of efficiency. The direction of advantageous water advancement is 45° north–east, and the speed of water flooding advancement is 2.57 m/day. Microscopic water‐drive oil experiments show that bound water is mainly distributed in the original low‐permeability sandstone as a membrane in the pore wall and as short rods in the throat. Differences in pore structure and petrophysical properties affect the residual oil content and degree of oil recovery. For sandstones with good petrophysical properties, mild water flooding can improve crude oil recovery. The increase in oil production is mainly concentrated in the early stage of water flooding development, and the increase in oil recovery degree is not significant with the increase in injection multiples in the middle and late stages. However, for sandstones with relatively poor petrophysical properties, water flooding is more effective in the early and late stages than in the middle stages. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the water flooding measures according to the differences in the petrophysical properties of the sand body. Local tectonics and natural fracture strikes are important factors affecting the direction of the expansion of water flooding fractures. Overall, the prevention of water channeling in low‐permeability sandstones has to take into account the complex coupling between water flooding fractures, natural fractures, and hydraulic fractures.
Geomorphological processes and landforms in the Alpine Sulzenau Valley (Tyrol, Austria): Glacier retreat, glacial lake evolution and the 2017 glacial lake outburst flood
Authors: Piroton Valentine , Emmer Adam , Schlögel Romy , Hřebřina Jan , Pummer Elena , Mergili Martin , Havenith Hans‐Balder 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are sudden, and often hazardous, floods occurring upon the failure of a glacial lake dam or moraine. A GLOF occurred at Sulzenau Lake (Tyrol, Austria) in August 2017 due to a partial moraine and dam failure, damaging nearby infrastructure. Due to the ongoing retreat of Sulzenau Glacier, the areal extent, depth, water volume, and shoreline configuration of Sulzenau Lake fluctuate over both short‐ and long‐term periods. Here, we used remote sensing data to create a detailed geomorphological overview of the valley, analyse the lake's evolution since 2009, and characterize the conditions leading to the 2017 dam failure. Using optical remote sensing imagery, we generated detailed pre‐ and post‐event geomorphological maps of Sulzenau Lake and areas impacted by the GLOF to characterize erosional and depositional zones. We employed the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and mapped the post‐event boulder distribution. Based on multi‐temporal mapping, we calculated water volumes, analysed changes in lake and glacier surfaces since 1970, and compared them with ERA‐5 meteorological data. Lake growth was primarily due to rising temperatures and glacier retreat. In 2017, both precipitation and air temperatures in the Sulzenau Valley exceeded the 1991–2021 averages, with precipitation 14.8% higher and air temperatures 0.35°C above the 30‐year mean. Ice velocities for Sulzenau Glacier reached 170 m/year during 2015–2022. By modelling flow conditions required for observed boulder movements during the GLOF, we constrained the peak discharge to 150–200 m3/s. No significant pre‐2017 GLOF activity or meteorological anomalies were detected. Accordingly, we attribute the GLOF and dam failure to an increased meltwater flux and increased precipitation, possibly augmented by subglacial/englacial lake drainage. The 2017 Sulzenau Valley GLOF is a pertinent example of environmental changes and associated hazards in high‐mountain glacial environments due to global warming.
Integrated Long‐Term Expansion Planning and Short‐Term Operation Assessment in Brazil Considering Utility‐Scale Storage
Authors: Borba Bruno , Bitencourt Leonardo , Peters Pedro , Oliveira Maycoln , Yeganyan Rudolf , Cannone Carla , Howells Mark , Dias Bruno 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTLong‐term power system expansion planning aligned with current sustainable development policies plays a pivotal role in achieving global targets for energy transition, particularly in developing countries. This paper presents a comprehensive long‐term expansion planning model for Brazil, taking into account decarbonisation pathways using OSeMOSYS integrated with Flextool. Four scenarios explore the potential benefits of increasing the share of variable renewable energy (VRE), specifically photovoltaic (PV) and offshore wind, to 40% of the total energy produced, both with and without a storage system. Results indicate that policies better aligned with net‐zero strategies do not impose a significant cost burden.
Blending emergent design evaluation with developmental evaluation principles in evaluation capacity building: Reflections on the Data for Social Impact initiative
Authors: Martin Jillian A. , Fitzgerald Jenrose , Ferris Dan , Sorenson Paul , Mohamed Sara 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn addition to the dearth of literature on successful evaluation capacity building (ECB), there is also a need to highlight novel and blended approaches to evaluating ECB. To evaluate the Data for Social Impact (DSI) initiative, we used developmental evaluation and emergent design evaluation. The DSI initiative was created in the St. Louis metropolitan region in Missouri to build data capacity and collaboration across sectors to improve impact. Within its overarching goal of social‐sector data capacity building, DSI aims to amplify ECB both within and across organizations. In this article, we discuss the background of the initiative and our process of evaluation. This article offers an approach to evaluating ECB that allows for the flexibility and complexity that often comes with evaluation done in collaborative, real‐world contexts. We champion using an emergent and developmental evaluation principles to evaluate ECB programs to extend their reach beyond the evaluation experts and into organizations and communities working toward equity and justice.
Exploring Multisource High‐Dimensional Mixed‐Frequency Risks in the Stock Market: A Group Penalized Reverse Unrestricted Mixed Data Sampling Approach
Authors: Zhuo Xingxuan , Luo Shunfei , Cao Yan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a novel forecasting approach that addresses a significant challenge in applied research: effectively utilizing high‐dimensional and mixed‐frequency data from multiple sources to explain and predict variables that respond at high frequency. This approach combines a mixed data sampling model and group variable selection methods, resulting in the development of the Group Penalized Reverse Unrestricted Mixed Data Sampling Model (GP‐RU‐MIDAS). The GP‐RU‐MIDAS model is designed to achieve various research objectives, including analyzing mixed‐frequency data in reverse, estimating high‐dimensional parameters, identifying key variables, and analyzing their relative importance and sensitivity. By applying this model to uncover uncertainties in stock market returns, the following notable results emerge: (1) GP‐RU‐MIDAS improves the selection of relevant variables and enhances forecasting accuracy; (2) various risks impact stock market returns in diverse ways, with effects varying over time and exhibiting continuous trends, phase shifts, or extreme levels; and (3) stock market volatility and the Euro to RMB exchange rate significantly influence stock market returns over different forecasting periods, with a generally positive and dynamic impact. In conclusion, the GP‐RU‐MIDAS model demonstrates robustness and utility in complex data analysis scenarios, providing insights into the nuanced realm of stock market risk assessment.
Genetic Associations of Persistent Opioid Use After Surgery Point to OPRM1 but Not Other Opioid‐Related Loci as the Main Driver of Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Annis Aubrey C. , Gunaseelan Vidhya , Smith Albert V. , Abecasis Gonçalo R. , Larach Daniel B. , Zawistowski Matthew , Frangakis Stephan G. , Brummett Chad M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPersistent opioid use after surgery is a common morbidity outcome associated with subsequent opioid use disorder, overdose, and death. While phenotypic associations have been described, genetic associations remain unidentified. Here, we conducted the largest genetic study of persistent opioid use after surgery, comprising ~40,000 non‐Hispanic, European‐ancestry Michigan Genomics Initiative participants (3198 cases and 36,321 surgically exposed controls). Our study primarily focused on the reproducibility and reliability of 72 genetic studies of opioid use disorder phenotypes. Nominal associations (p < 0.05) occurred at 12 of 80 unique (r2 < 0.8) signals from these studies. Six occurred in OPRM1 (most significant: rs79704991‐T, OR = 1.17, p = 8.7 × 10−5), with two surviving multiple testing correction. Other associations were rs640561‐LRRIQ3 (p = 0.015), rs4680‐COMT (p = 0.016), rs9478495 (p = 0.017, intergenic), rs10886472‐GRK5 (p = 0.028), rs9291211‐SLC30A9/BEND4 (p = 0.043), and rs112068658‐KCNN1 (p = 0.048). Two highly referenced genes, OPRD1 and DRD2/ANKK1, had no signals in MGI. Associations at previously identified OPRM1 variants suggest common biology between persistent opioid use and opioid use disorder, further demonstrating connections between opioid dependence and addiction phenotypes. Lack of significant associations at other variants challenges previous studies' reliability.
Projected Annual Lecanemab Treatment Eligibility in an Irish Regional Specialist Memory Clinic
Authors: Connolly Eimear , O'Connor Antoinette , Dolphin Helena , Dyer Adam H. , Fallon Aoife , O'Dowd Sean , Kennelly Sean P. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe advent of Disease Modifying Therapies (DMTs) for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has the potential to transform the lives of those with early AD. Timely identification of eligible patients is needed to ensure treatments are delivered during a narrow window of therapeutic opportunity. Appropriate clinical service design will hinge on improved understanding of future demands, thus there is a pressing need to investigate patient eligibility in real world clinical cohorts. The primary aim of this study is to assess the eligibility by appropriate use criteria (AUC) for lecanemab therapy in a real‐world, undifferentiated clinical patient cohort attending a Regional Specialist Memory Clinic (RSMC), with the secondary aims of determining the proportion of patients with biomarker positive Alzheimer's Disease (AD) who would be eligible for lecanemab therapy by AUC. Clinical trial eligibility criteria were also applied to both groups and discrepancies that exist between eligibility rates explored.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of all new patients attending a RSMC from 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2022 was conducted. Data collected included demographic details, outcomes of diagnostic assessments and comorbidities. MRI images, where indicated, were reviewed. Amyloid positivity was defined as either Amyloid and Tau positive (A+T+) or Amyloid positive with a positive P‐Tau/Ab42 ratio on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing. Appropriate use criteria (AUC) and clinical trial criteria for lecanemab were applied. Proportion of eligible patients was calculated.ResultsEleven (5.9%) of 188 new patient attenders were eligible (average age 66.7 years [SD 8.9], 63.6% female) by AUC, with 26.2% of patients with biomarker positive Alzheimer's Disease eligible for lecanemab therapy. The most common reason for exclusion was a lack of biomarker confirmation of AD pathology followed by cognitive ineligibility (based on defined cognitive testing cut‐offs) at the time of referral and/or initial assessment. Only 40.4% of patients had CSF testing for AD biomarkers while almost 20% of the patients with biomarker positive AD were excluded due to lack of a screening MRI in the previous 12 months.ConclusionIn this study, the potential eligibility rate by AUC of the entire patient cohort (5.9%) was limited by the small proportion of patients who had CSF testing for AD biomarkers. So while disease‐modification with Lecanemab is a welcome therapeutic advance, although only a small proportion of people currently attending specialist services will be eligible. Successful delivery of DMTs will require significant resource allocation and optimisation of referral pathways to facilitate early identification of potentially eligible patients.
Revolutionizing healthcare and medicine: The impact of modern technologies for a healthier future—A comprehensive review
Authors: Thacharodi Aswin , Singh Prabhakar , Meenatchi Ramu , Tawfeeq Ahmed Z. H. , Kumar Rejith R. S. , V Neha , Kavish Sanjana , Maqbool Mohsin , Hassan Saqib 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe increasing integration of new technologies is driving a fundamental revolution in the healthcare sector. Developments in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and big data analytics have completely transformed the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients. AI‐powered solutions are enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of healthcare delivery by demonstrating exceptional skills in personalized medicine, early disease detection, and predictive analytics. Furthermore, telemedicine and remote patient monitoring systems have overcome geographical constraints, offering easy and accessible healthcare services, particularly in underserved areas. Wearable technology, the Internet of Medical Things, and sensor technologies have empowered individuals to take an active role in tracking and managing their health. These devices facilitate real‐time data collection, enabling preventive and personalized care. Additionally, the development of 3D printing technology has revolutionized the medical field by enabling the production of customized prosthetics, implants, and anatomical models, significantly impacting surgical planning and treatment strategies. Accepting these advancements holds the potential to create a more patient‐centered, efficient healthcare system that emphasizes individualized care, preventive care, and better overall health outcomes. This review's novelty lies in exploring how these technologies are radically transforming the healthcare industry, paving the way for a more personalized and effective healthcare for all. It highlights the capacity of modern technology to revolutionize healthcare delivery by addressing long‐standing challenges and improving health outcomes. Although the approval and use of digital technology and advanced data analysis face scientific and regulatory obstacles, they have the potential for transforming translational research. as these technologies continue to evolve, they are poised to significantly alter the healthcare environment, offering a more sustainable, efficient, and accessible healthcare ecosystem for future generations. Innovation across multiple fronts will shape the future of advanced healthcare technology, revolutionizing the provision of healthcare, enhancing patient outcomes, and equipping both patients and healthcare professionals with the tools to make better decisions and receive personalized treatment. As these technologies continue to develop and become integrated into standard healthcare practices, the future of healthcare will probably be more accessible, effective, and efficient than ever before.
The African Medicines Agency and Medicines Regulation: Progress, challenges, and recommendations
Authors: Abdulwahab Adeniyi Ayinde , Okafor Ukamaka Gladys , Adesuyi Damilola Samuel , Miranda Adriana Viola , Yusuf Rashidat Onyinoyi , Eliseo Lucero‐Prisno Don 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn response to the situation of the African healthcare system, the African Medicines Agency (AMA) was established by the African Union (AU) to regulate access to medicines and support the local manufacture of medications. This study aimed to describe the factors that enabled the establishment of the African Medicines Agency and its successes, challenges, and perceived benefits. We reviewed data sources that explored the progress and challenges of the African Medicines Agency and Medicines Regulation in Africa. The SPIDER framework was used to organise the research focus and to extract the keywords for the literature search. The study data were obtained from PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Out of 249 studies screened, 19 were selected for this narrative review. Critical successes observed in the agency's establishment include the appointment of a Special Envoy, the selection of its headquarters, and the signing of its treaty by 37 member states. However, it is hindered by poor political commitment, differences in risk‐benefits interpretation and organizational structure, weak legal and regulatory frameworks, inadequate financial mechanisms, and inadequate political and policy leadership in some member states. The value of AMA in achieving optimal health outcomes and its other benefits must be considered despite the challenges being encountered. Therefore, all member states should adopt the best procedures in signing and ratifying the treaty and implementing associated commitments to improve efficiency and accountability in African medicine regulation.