bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ineffectiveness of therapeutic plasma exchange as a last resort in severe COVID‐19 cases: Experience from a tertiary intensive care unit
Authors: Ayer Mesut , Özgür Yasemin , Turan Güldem , Yurttaş Nurgül Özgür , Ulusoy Yusuf , Ekmen Şevket Ali , Hanoğlu Didem , Eker Edibe Sevde , Öngören Şeniz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimSeveral studies have suggested that cytokine release syndrome (CRS) can be controlled by therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) treatment. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TPE treatment in patients who developed life‐threatening respiratory failure syndrome (SARS) due to COVID‐19 infection.MethodsIn this retrospective, case–control study, patients, who developed SARS, were infected with the COVID‐19 virus, and required intensive care unit (ICU) admission were included. Patients included in the study were divided into groups according to whether TPE experience or not and if so, how many sessions were applied. Mortality rates of patients in the ICU and 30‐day mortality ratios were evaluated.ResultsA total of 110 patients, 71.8% of whom were male, with a mean age of 59.7 ± 13.3 years, were included in our study. It was observed that 70% of the patients died within a month and 80% of them died during the ICU follow‐up period. The 30‐day mortality rates of patients who underwent TPE at least once and those who never underwent TPE were 72.2% and 67.9%, respectively (p: 0.617). CRP, D‐dimer, fibrinogen and platelet levels showed to have a decreasing trend after plasmapheresis and fluctuated thereafter. It was observed that procalcitonin and IL‐6 levels were increased in the group that underwent plasmapheresis but decreased in those who did not receive plasmapheresis.ConclusionPatients severely infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 showed fluctuations in inflammatory parameters despite TPE treatment; CRS was not suppressed by TPE; and this treatment did not confer survival benefit in this patient group.
Evaluation of patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange in the pediatric intensive care unit and determining the factors affecting prognosis
Authors: Yazar Hatice , Çeliker Sümeyye , Tuğrul Hazal Ceren , Atay Gürkan , Erdoğan Seher 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), an extracorporeal method targeting the removal of large molecular weight pathogens, is explored in this study for indications, complications, prognosis, safety, and effectiveness.MethodsThe patients’ data were collected retrospectively.ResultsOverall, 334 sessions of TPE were applied to 57 patients. Per the American Society for Apheresis classification, 24.6% of indications fell under Category I, 14% Category II, and 50.9% Category III. Sepsis‐induced multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) emerged as the leading indication, correlating with elevated needs for mechanical ventilation (MV), increased failed organs, and heightened mortality. Patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy faced a 16.06 times higher mortality risk. Non‐survivors exhibited higher comorbidity, prolonged MV, increased inotropic drug requirement, more failed organs, and a higher PRISM score. 33.2% of complications occurred, primarily catheter‐related.ConclusionSepsis‐induced MODS and extracorporeal modalities are associated with increased mortality in TPE patients, with comorbidities, ventilation, and PRISM scores potentially influencing outcomes.
Resource‐explicit interactions in spatial population models
Authors: Champer Samuel E. , Chae Bryan , Haller Benjamin C. , Champer Jackson , Messer Philipp W. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Continuous‐space population models can yield significantly different results from their panmictic counterparts when assessing evolutionary, ecological or population genetic processes. However, the computational burden of spatial models is typically much greater than that of panmictic models due to the overhead of determining which individuals interact with one another and how strongly they interact. While these calculations are necessary to model local competition that regulates the population density, they can lead to prohibitively long runtimes.

Here, we present a novel modelling method in which the resources available to a population are abstractly represented as an additional layer of the simulation. Instead of interacting directly with one another, individuals interact indirectly via this resource layer.

We find that this method closely matches other spatial models, yet can dramatically increase the speed of the model, allowing the simulation of much larger populations.

In addition to improved runtimes, models structured in this manner exhibit other desirable characteristics, including more explicit control over population density near the edge of the simulated area, and an efficient route for modelling complex heterogeneous landscapes.
Efficacy and Safety of Ivabradine for Patients With Acute Heart Failure: Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Han Jing , Wang Qi , Jiang Lantian , Yin Xia 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe efficacy and safety of Ivabradine for patients with acute heart failure (AHF) is controversial, and there are few clinical trials addressing this topic.MethodsWe performed this meta‐analysis to evaluate efficacy and safety of Ivabradine treatment for patients with acute heart failure. We obtained data for controlled trials using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Clinical Trials.gov databases. The efficacy endpoints included change in heart rate, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels, ejection fraction (EF) values, and a 6‐min walk distance. The safety endpoints included mortality, cardiogenic mortality, incidents of hospital readmission, bradycardia, and atrial fibrillation. Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met our criteria, and data from 656 patients were included for the study.ResultsIvabradine treatment significantly decreased heart rate and BNP and NT‐proBNP levels compared with those seen in the control group. EF values were significantly increased upon ivabradine treatment. No significant differences were observed in the endpoints of the 6‐min walk distance, all‐cause mortality, cardiogenic mortality, incidents of hospital readmission, bradycardia, and atrial fibrillation data between ivabradine treated and control groups.ConclusionsIvabradine can reduce heart rate and BNP and NT‐pro BNP levels and elevate EF values and 6‐min walk distance data significantly in acute heart failure patients. It also exhibits a stable safety profile, with similar risks of all‐cause mortality, cardiogenic mortality, incidents of readmission, and major adverse cardiovascular effects compared with those of the control group.
Attitudes toward mandatory vaccination and the COVID certificate as a function of vaccination status and risk perception: A vignette‐based study
Authors: Brisbois Marie , Schmitz Mathias , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Yzerbyt Vincent , Van Oost Pascaline , Morbée Sofie , Waterschoot Joachim , Luminet Olivier , Van den Bergh Omer , Raemdonck Eveline , Klein Olivier 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn January 2022, several vaccination policies were debated to address the Omicron outbreak in Belgium. Considering variability in risk perception and vaccine uptake, this study aimed to understand differences in support and expectations for four scenarios, ranging from relaxed to restrictive vaccination policies, to inform policymakers. Using an online survey, 12,670 participants (46% female; Mage = 45.9, SD = 13.38) reported their risk perception, number of vaccination doses (0/1, 2, 3 doses) as well as their support and several anticipated psychological outcomes for each scenario. Mixed model ANCOVA showed a pattern of preferential support for the relaxed scenario and more positive anticipated outcomes (general well‐being and government appraisals) compared to the restrictive policies, that were treated equivalently. An exception to this pattern was found when people were vaccinated with three doses and perceived high risk. Taken separately, risk perception and vaccination status were not sufficient to drive positive attitudes toward restrictive policies; only their interaction had an effect. Limitations include the self‐selected sample and the vignette methodology. The conjunct role of risk perception and vaccination status should be considered when discussing the introduction of restrictive vaccination policies. These findings inform vaccination strategies management during pandemics.
Comparative outcomes of various transplantation platforms, highlighting haploidentical transplants with post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide for adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma
Authors: Yoshimitsu Makoto , Tanaka Takashi , Nakano Nobuaki , Kato Koji , Muranushi Hiroyuki , Tokunaga Masahito , Ito Ayumu , Ishikawa Jun , Eto Tetsuya , Morishima Satoko , Kawakita Toshiro , Itonaga Hidehiro , Uchida Naoyuki , Tanaka Masatsugu , Akizuki Keiichi , Ishitsuka Kenji , Ohigashi Hiroyuki , Ota Shuichi , Ando Toshihiko , Kanda Yoshinobu , Fukuda Takahiro , Atsuta Yoshiko , Fuji Shigeo ,   ATL Working Group of the Japanese Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy
Published: October 2024

SummaryThis study retrospectively compared outcomes of various allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) platforms in patients with adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Platforms included human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐haploidentical‐related donors using post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY), HLA‐matched related donors (MRD), HLA‐matched unrelated donors (MUD) and cord blood transplantation (CBT). Patients who underwent their first allo‐HCT between 2016 and 2021 were included. Outcomes analysed were overall survival (OS), relapse and non‐relapse mortality (NRM). Seven hundred patients were included (PTCY, n = 121; MRD, n = 91; MUD, n = 160; CBT, n = 328). With a median follow‐up of 794 days for survivors, 2‐year OS was 48.1% (PTCY), 48.8% (MRD), 48.4% (MUD) and 34.6% (CBT); the respective 2‐year cumulative incidence of relapse was 37.1%, 47.5%, 33.9% and 45.1% and that of NRM was 24.2%, 19.8%, 24.7% and 27.3%. PTCY was associated with delayed platelet engraftment relative to MRD and MUD. There was no increase in the incidence of severe acute or chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. In the PTCY group, poor performance status was a significant predictor of inferior OS, and infused CD34+ cell numbers of less than 5 × 106/kg were associated with delayed neutrophil and platelet engraftment. These results suggest that allo‐HCT with PTCY is a safe and effective platform for patients with adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma.
NeuPreSS: Compact Neural Precomputed Subsurface Scattering for Distant Lighting of Heterogeneous Translucent Objects
Authors: TG T. , Frisvad J. R. , Ramamoorthi R. , Jensen H. W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMonte Carlo rendering of translucent objects with heterogeneous scattering properties is often expensive both in terms of memory and computation. If the scattering properties are described by a 3D texture, memory consumption is high. If we do path tracing and use a high dynamic range lighting environment, the computational cost of the rendering can easily become significant. We propose a compact and efficient neural method for representing and rendering the appearance of heterogeneous translucent objects. Instead of assuming only surface variation of optical properties, our method represents the appearance of a full object taking its geometry and volumetric heterogeneities into account. This is similar to a neural radiance field, but our representation works for an arbitrary distant lighting environment. In a sense, we present a version of neural precomputed radiance transfer that captures relighting of heterogeneous translucent objects. We use a multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) with skip connections to represent the appearance of an object as a function of spatial position, direction of observation, and direction of incidence. The latter is considered a directional light incident across the entire non‐self‐shadowed part of the object. We demonstrate the ability of our method to compactly store highly complex materials while having high accuracy when comparing to reference images of the represented object in unseen lighting environments. As compared with path tracing of a heterogeneous light scattering volume behind a refractive interface, our method more easily enables importance sampling of the directions of incidence and can be integrated into existing rendering frameworks while achieving interactive frame rates.
Glymphatic system dysfunction and risk of clinical milestones in patients with Parkinson disease
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Jiang Xianchen , Guan Xiaojun , Guo Tao , Wu Jingjing , Wu Haoting , Wu Chenqing , Chen Jingwen , Wen Jiaqi , Tan Sijia , Duanmu Xiaojie , Qin Jianmei , Yuan Weijin , Zheng Qianshi , Huang Peiyu , Zhang Baorong , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Minming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeGlymphatic dysfunction may play a significant role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to evaluate the association between glymphatic dysfunction and the risk of malignant event/clinical milestones in Parkinson disease (PD).MethodsThis study included 236 patients from August 2014 to December 2020. Diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS) index was calculated as an approximate measure of glymphatic function. The primary outcomes were four clinical milestones including recurrent falls, wheelchair dependence, dementia, and placement in residential or nursing home care. The associations of DTI‐ALPS with the risk of clinical milestones were examined using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. Then, logistic regression was repeated using clinical variables and DTI‐ALPS index individually and in combination of the two to explore the ability to distinguish patients who reached clinical milestones within a 5‐year period.ResultsA total of 175 PD patients with baseline DTI‐ALPS index and follow‐up clinical assessments were included. A lower DTI‐ALPS was independently associated with increased risk of recurrent falls, wheelchair dependence, and dementia. Additionally, in 103 patients monitored over 5 years, a logistic regression model combining clinical variables and DTI‐ALPS index showed better performance for predicting wheelchair dependence within 5 years than a model using clinical variables or DTI‐ALPS index alone.ConclusionsGlymphatic dysfunction, as measured by the DTI‐ALPS index, was associated with increased risk of clinical milestones in patients with PD. This finding implies that therapy targeting the glymphatic system may serve as a viable strategy for slowing down the progression of PD.
Safety and tolerability of intravenous undiluted levetiracetam in pediatrics: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Singh Ravipal , Troelstrup David , Dahl Nikolai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTime is critical in executing acute seizure treatment, and efforts to minimize operational delays with medication preparation confer potential logistical and practical advantages. Multiple studies have demonstrated the safety and tolerability of intravenous (IV) undiluted levetiracetam (LEV) in adults; however, published pediatric data are limited. This study aims to evaluate the safety and tolerability of IV undiluted LEV in pediatrics. This was a retrospective, dual‐center, observational cohort study evaluating concentration‐related adverse drug events with IV undiluted (100 mg/mL) LEV in pediatrics over a 3‐year 3‐month timespan. A total of 60 undiluted administrations in 52 patients were included in the study. The median age was 4 years; 58.3% of patients were younger than 5 years of age. All doses were administered via a peripheral IV line. The most common IV anatomic site and peripheral IV gauge (G) was the antecubital (66.6%) and 22G catheter (63.3%). There were no documented concentration‐related adverse drug events. Regardless of IV anatomic site, IV gauge, and administered dose there were no documented concentration‐related adverse effects with IV undiluted LEV in a pediatric population. IV undiluted LEV may be considered safe and tolerable in pediatrics. Prospective pediatric studies should assess the safety and tolerability of IV undiluted LEV.
Gendering the Iron Law of Oligarchy: Or how organizing an official football team became a strategy of “passive revolution”
Authors: Las Heras Jon , Messina Ignacio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ongoing debate in organization and management studies regarding the transformation of oligarchic structures through rank‐and‐file participation often overlooks gender dynamics. Drawing from the experience of Argentine women playing football independently, this article argues that promoting gender inequalities and reinforcing masculine stereotypes can preserve class disparities in trade unions. Additionally, it highlights how trade unions, by extending control into women's leisure, can perpetuate oligarchic structures, emphasizing the importance of politicizing leisure as a domain of gender inequalities. In turn, the patriarchal‐oligarchic organization represents a unique form of class and gender domination that reconfigures itself by co‐opting informal solidarity networks.
Editor's highlights – November, 2024
Authors: Kemény Lajos 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent developments in the understanding of the pathophysiology of inflammatory skin diseases have resulted in the emergence of new treatments. However, new therapies are frequently accompanied by new side effects. In the November issue of the Journal, we explore recent advances on how Cutibacterium acnes phylotypes are involved in biofilm formation and its significance in therapy resistance. The Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor‐induced acneiform eruptions also raise intriguing questions about the complex relationship between JAK inhibition and acne pathophysiology. We also provide real‐world data on recent therapies for atopic dermatitis, hyperkeratotic hand and foot dermatitis, and generalized pustular psoriasis.
Efficacy and safety of oral minoxidil versus topical solution in androgenetic alopecia: a meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Sobral Milene Vitória Sampaio , Moreira João Lucas de Magalhães Leal , Rodrigues Livia Kneipp , Rocha Paula , Pirolla Rafaela da Cunha , Soares Victor Gonçalves , Lima Davi Santos , Moulaz Isac Ribeiro , da Silva Beatrhiz Costa , de Melo Caroline Baima 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe benefits and potential risks of oral minoxidil therapy versus topical minoxidil therapy in patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) are controversial. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing the use of oral minoxidil and minoxidil topical solution in patients with AGA. Statistical analyses were performed using R Studio 4.3.2. Standard mean difference (SMD) and risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled across trials. This meta‐analysis included four RCTs reporting data on 279 patients. Follow‐up ranged from 24 to 39 weeks. There were no differences in hair density (SMD 0.02; 95% CI −0.25 to 0.29; P = 0.88; I2 = 0%) or hair diameter (SMD −0.25; 95% CI −0.75 to 0.26; P = 0.34; I2 = 36%). The incidence of hypertrichosis was statistically significantly higher in the oral minoxidil group when compared to the topical minoxidil group (RR 2.01; 95% CI 1.18–3.41; P = 0.01; I2 = 0%). There was no statistically significant difference between groups for the incidence of hypotension (RR 2.42; 95% CI 0.26–22.46; P = 0.44; I2 = 0%). In patients with AGA, oral minoxidil and minoxidil topical solution have similar efficacy and safety, with equivalent improvements in hair density, hair diameter, and incidence of adverse events, such as hypotension.
High prevalence of avian adapted CC5Staphylococcus aureus isolates in poultry meat in Spain: food chain as vehicle of MRSA and MSSA CC398‐t1451
Authors: Eguizábal Paula , Fernández‐Fernández Rosa , Campaña‐Burguet Allelen , González‐Azcona Carmen , Marañón‐Clemente Irene , Tenorio Carmen , Torres Carmen , Lozano Carmen 
Published: October 2024

SummaryStaphylococcus aureus can cause food poisoning and human infections and CC5 and CC398 are relevant lineages in the animal‐human interface. The objective was to determine the S. aureus prevalence in chicken‐derived food, and to study the diversity of lineages, and their antimicrobial resistance and virulence genotypes. Sixty poultry‐food samples were processed, and the S. aureus isolates obtained were characterised. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed and the presence of resistance/virulence genes, and avian mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was studied. Forty‐four non‐repetitive S. aureus isolates were obtained of 28/60 samples (46.7%), and 43 methicillin‐susceptible (MSSA) and one methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were detected. Five S. aureus isolates were multidrug‐resistant and 50% of isolates showed susceptibility to all tested antibiotics. Eighteen spa‐types, 11 sequence‐types and 8 clonal‐complexes were identified in the S. aureus collection. Three CC398 isolates (2 MSSA/1 MRSA) of spa‐type‐t1451 were detected, and MSSA‐CC398 isolates harboured the scn‐gene (absent in MRSA‐CC398). CC5 was the most frequent lineage identified (56.8%), all MSSA, and 56.7% of them contained avian‐MGEs. A high prevalence of avian‐adapted MSSA‐CC5 isolates was detected. Poultry meat has been shown to be a vehicle for CC398‐t1451 isolates, both MRSA and MSSA, showing characteristics of the animal and human clades, respectively.
A comprehensive review of sensors of radiation‐induced damage, radiation‐induced proximal events, and cell death
Authors: Saini Saurabh , Gurung Prajwal 
Published: October 2024

SummaryRadiation, a universal component of Earth's environment, is categorized into non‐ionizing and ionizing forms. While non‐ionizing radiation is relatively harmless, ionizing radiation possesses sufficient energy to ionize atoms and disrupt DNA, leading to cell damage, mutation, cancer, and cell death. The extensive use of radionuclides and ionizing radiation in nuclear technology and medical applications has sparked global concern for their capacity to cause acute and chronic illnesses. Ionizing radiation induces DNA damage either directly through strand breaks and base change or indirectly by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) via radiolysis of water. This damage triggers a complex cellular response involving recognition of DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair mechanisms, release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and cell death. This review focuses on the mechanisms of radiation‐induced cellular damage, recognition of DNA damage and subsequent activation of repair processes, and the critical role of the innate immune response in resolution of the injury. Emphasis is placed on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and related receptors that detect damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and initiate downstream signaling pathways. Radiation‐induced cell death pathways are discussed in detail. Understanding these processes is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of radiation and improve therapeutic outcomes.