bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the Standard 22G Needle for Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Tissue Core Biopsy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Seicean Andrada , Gheorghiu Marcel , Zaharia Teodor , Calinici Tudor , Samarghitan Andrada , Marcus Bogdan , Cainap Simona , Seicean Radu 
Published: May 2016

Background & Aim: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) are considered good tools for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and for obtaining material for cytology or histology. The accuracy of EUS-FNA can rise to 85-95%, but it is lower in cases with a chronic pancreatitis background or with previous biliary stenting. We aimed to establish the diagnostic yield of the visible length of the core biopsy samples in pancreatic cancer by using one single type of standard 22G needle and to evaluate the factors which can influence the results.
Method: EUS-FNA was performed by using a 22G standard needle on patients prospectively recruited with the suspicion of pancreatic masses on transabdominal ultrasound or CT scan over a period of eight months. The number of passes was limited by the length of the core obtained. The final diagnosis was based on EUS-FNA or hepatic biopsy for their metastasis or by follow up every three month by imaging methods.
Results: The study included 118 patients. Previous stents were present in 10 patients and chronic pancreatitis features were found in 3 patients. The procedure sensitivity was 89% and the global accuracy was 89%. The presence of biliary stents did not impede the accuracy of results. The number of passes did not influence the results.
Conclusions: The diagnostic rate of core biopsy by using 22G needles had a high accuracy and it is safe when the length of core dictates the number of passes. The presence of biliary stents did not influence the results.
Abbreviations: AUC: area under the curve; EUS: endoscopic ultrasonography; EUS-FNA: fine needle aspiration under endosonographic guidance; FNA: fine needle aspiration; INR: international normalised ratio; OR: odds ratio.
La alianza del gobierno de Evo Morales y las Fuerzas Armadas en el proceso de transformación del Estado boliviano
Authors: Stola Iván , Frenkel Alejandro 
Published: May 2016

El presente trabajo pretende analizar la relación de los gobiernos de Evo Morales con las Fuerzas Armadas Bolivianas en el periodo 2005-2010 y dar respuesta a tres preguntas centrales: ¿Existe una alianza informal entre estos dos actores de la política boliviana? En caso de existir ¿Cuáles son los factores institucionales, históricos, políticos y económicos en que se fundamenta? Y, por último ¿Cuáles son los costos que implica esta alianza? A tales fines se realizará un sucinto análisis de los actores en cuestión y posteriormente se estudiará la relación entre ellos tomando en cuenta los siguientes elementos: la política económica del Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS); la Asamblea Constituyente, los conflictos regionales y los intentos de autonomía; las políticas sociales impulsadas por el gobierno; las concesiones que implica esta relación; y los intentos de redefinición institucional de las Fuerzas Armadas.
El sector salud argentino en los dos modelos de crecimiento en las etapas de la convertibilidad y la posconvertibilidad: factores económicos y políticos que explican su evolución.
Authors: Messina Giuseppe Manuel 
Published: May 2016

El objeto de este trabajo es la evaluación de las transformaciones que tuvieron lugar en la sociedad argentina entre 1991 y 2011 en el cambio entre el modelo de crecimiento económico y el proyecto político basado en la Convertibilidad, su crisis, y la posterior consolidación del proyecto kirchnerista. El análisis enfoca el sector salud, cuya estructuración en tres subsectores (Estado, seguridad social,privado) refleja la histórica conformación híbrida del régimen de bienestar argentino. El papel del Estado en la erogación de servicios sanitarios paralos individuos y familias de menores recursos sigue siendo fundamental, pese a que la gestión y financiación del sector público está fuertemente descentralizada. Al otro extremo de la distribución, las clases altas recurren a los servicios de pago más individualizados del sector privado. Por otra parte, la afiliación de las clases medias trabajadoras al sistema contributivo de obras sociales depende directamente de su posición en el mercado laboral registrado. A partir de estos elementos, se analiza en qué medida las reformas de inspiración neoliberal modificaron la estructura del Estado de bienestar argentino, cómo estos cambios se originaron en el mercado laboral, y cómo de allí derivaron efectos sobre el sector salud. Por comparación, se evalúa en qué medida la mejora en la cobertura sanitaria de la población en la última década deriva de la evolución positiva coyuntural del mercado laboral, o bien del impacto de cambios en las políticas públicas implementadas por las administraciones de Néstor Kirchner y Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.
Medellín y la seguridad humana: Una lectura desde la política local 2004 -2011
Authors: Avendaño Saray , Romero Elizabeth 
Published: May 2016

Durante décadas la ciudad de Medellín ha estado enmarcada por un escenario de violencia. El gobierno local ha recurrido a estrategias para atacar el problema de acuerdo a un enfoque de desarrollo humano, donde la seguridad juega un rol particular en cuanto involucra la protección del núcleo vital de todas las libertades humanas y la realización de las personas. Implica proteger a las personas de situaciones y amenazas en lo económico, lo alimentario, sanitario, medioambiental, personal, comunitario y político, en contraste con la tradicional forma de ejercer la seguridad, monopolizada por el Estado a través de instituciones como la policía, los tribunales, los jueces, el ejército y las cárceles. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar, desde el enfoque de la seguridad humana, las estrategias de seguridad formuladas por las dos últimas administraciones locales para la ciudad de Medellín.
Acceso al sistema educativo de la población urbana argentina, 2001-2010
Authors: Donaire Ricardo 
Published: May 2016

El ejercicio que presentamos en este trabajo se inserta en el debate reciente sobre el impacto de determinadas políticas públicas en el acceso de la población al sistema educativo. Se busca una aproximación a la forma en que los diferentes grupos y capas sociales acceden al sistema educativo en Argentina, de manera tal de poder avanzar en el conocimiento respecto de hasta qué punto se ha erosionado o no el carácter de clase del acceso a determinados niveles educativos y, complementariamente, a la educación de carácter privado. Como fuente utilizaremos información correspondiente a censos y estadísticas oficiales sobre la población urbana correspondiente a los años 2001 y 2010. Palabras clave: sistema educativo, estructura social, clases sociales, población urbana, Argentina.
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Hemodynamics and Outcome of Free Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstructive Surgeries
Authors: Rajan Sunil , Moorthy Sumana , Paul Jerry , Kumar Lakshmi 
Published: May 2016

Background and Aims:
Dexmedetomidine is less frequently used during free flap surgeries for fear of causing vasoconstriction leading to flap failure as it is an α2 agonist. But most patients following major resections with free flap reconstruction develop uncontrolled hypertension postoperatively which could lead to complications resulting in reduced flap perfusion. We aimed to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine on postop haemodynamics, re-exploration rates and final outcome of free flaps in patients who underwent reconstructive surgeries.

Material and Methods:
This prospective, randomized study was conducted in 40 patients aged 20-70 years. Patients in both groups received morphine 0.1mg/kg, 30 minutes before end of surgery. In addition, in Group D dexmedetomidine 1mcg/kg bolus was also given at the same time, followed by 0.5mcg/kg/hr infusion. Post operatively the patients received either dexmedetomidine 0.5mcg/kg/h (Group D) or morphine 2mg/hr (Group M) infusion for 12 hours.
Statistical analysis was done using Chi-Square test and independent sample t test.

Results:
Morphine group had significantly higher heart rate (105.2 ± 7.5 vs 90.0 ± 11.7), systolic blood pressure (167.5 ± 7.3 vs 125.4 ±16.6) and mean arterial pressures (103.5 ± 4.6 vs 87.8 ± 12.2) than dexmedetomidine group. Same trend persisted till 12 hours post operatively. More patients in morphine group required re-exploration of the flap (15 vs 10%) and had flap failure (7.5 vs 2.5%), but these differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Dexmedetomidine can be safely used in patients with free flap reconstruction as it optimizes postoperative hemodynamics and is not associated with any significant increase in re-exploration or flap failures.

Key Messages:
Dexmedetomidine resulted in optimal postoperative hemodynamics, reduced re-exploration rate and better flap outcome.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder–related Symptoms Improved with Allergic Rhinitis Treatment in Children
Authors: Yang Ming-Tao , Chen Chia-Chun , Lee Wang-Tso , Liang Jao-Shwann , Fu Wen-Mei , Yang Yao-Hsu 
Published: May 2016

Background Increased prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with allergic rhinitis (AR) has been reported. Our previous study showed that children with untreated AR had higher ADHD scores than did the controls. Objective This prospective follow-up study aimed to investigate whether elevated ADHD scores in children with AR could be decreased by AR treatment. Methods Sixty-eight children with AR (age range, 6-14 years) and who were drug naive were enrolled and evaluated by AR symptom score, ADHD symptom scores, and computerized continuous performance test, before and after AR therapy, which included nonpharmacologic intervention, oral antihistamines, and topical steroids. Thirty-one age-matched controls and 13 children with pure ADHD were also enrolled for comparison. The relationship between the AR and ADHD score change was analyzed by a partial correlation test, and univariate and multivariate linear regression models were applied to investigate possible predictors for the improvement of ADHD scores by AR treatment. Results AR symptom scores in children with AR decreased significantly after treatment (p < 0.001), and their ADHD scores also decreased significantly (p < 0.001). An improved AR symptom score was positively correlated with improved detectability (rp = 0.617, p = 0.001) and commission error (rp = 0.511, p = 0.011). Significant predictors for the improvement of ADHD scores included age, AR drugs, AR subtypes, and multiple atopic diseases (ps < 0.05). Conclusion Higher ADHD scores in children with AR compared with healthy controls decreased significantly with AR treatment. For children with AR and borderline ADHD symptoms, who do not meet full ADHD diagnostic criteria, we recommend initially treating their AR and monitoring improvement of ADHD symptoms.
A New Oxidative Stress Marker for Thiol-Disulphide Homeostasis in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Ulusoy Seckin , Ayan Nilhan Nurlu , Dinc Mehmet Emre , Is Abdulhalim , Bicer Cemile , Erel Ozcan 
Published: May 2016

Background Reactive oxygen species has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Reactive oxygen species has been effectively documented in patients with asthma, but very little research has been reported in subjects with allergic rhinitis. Objectives To investigate thiol (SH)–disulfide (SS) homeostasis, a new oxidative stress marker present in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). Methods A total of 64 subjects, including 32 patients with SAR and 32 healthy controls, were included in the study. We measured the SH levels as a marker of antioxidant protection and SS as a marker related to oxidant stress. Sera specimens were taken from patients with SAR during exacerbation and during asymptomatic time periods. In addition, sera samples from the control group were also obtained during the pollen season to compare with those from patients with SAR. Results In patients with SAR, during exacerbation periods, SH, SS, % SS/SH, % SS to total SH (TT), and % SH/TT were significantly different (p < 0.05) than in patients with SAR during asymptomatic periods. Although SS was significantly higher in patents with SAR during exacerbation periods, SH was significantly higher in patients with SAR during asymptomatic periods. Patients with SAR during asymptomatic periods and the control group did not significantly differ (p > 0.05) regarding SH, SS, TT, % SS/SH, % SS/TT, and % SH/TT. Conclusion SAR is a disorder that elevates systemic oxidative stress and reduces antioxidant enzyme activities. Our results shed light on the etiopathogenesis of the disease and can help develop new therapeutic approaches.
Semi-Depot House-Dust Mite Allergen Extract for Chinese with Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma
Authors: Li Xiang , Wang Xueyan , Lin Xiaoping , Xu Geng , Tao Zezhang , Jiang Weihong , Cheng Lei , Guo Yinshi , Lai He , Shen Kunling 
Published: May 2016

Background Real-world data of the subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) with semi-depot house-dust mite (HDM) allergen extract (a HDM allergen extract that contains a 50%-50% mixture of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farina) for allergic rhinitis and asthma was unavailable in China until recently. Aim To investigate the effectiveness and safety of a HDM-SCIT for allergic rhinitis and asthma in Chinese patients. Methods A multicenter, single-arm, open-label, self-controlled study. Chinese patients with allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma and with a history of symptoms from HDM exposure were included and received allergen-specific immunotherapy for 1 year by subcutaneous injection of HDM-SCIT. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of patients with an improvement in symptom severity assessed at 12 months after initiation of the treatment. The occurrence of adverse events and compliance of treatment were also evaluated. Results A total of 272 outpatients were included for effectiveness analysis. The subject-evaluated improvement rate in the visual analog scale (VAS) was 76.1% and 71.3% at 6 and 12 months, respectively; corresponding values for investigator-evaluated VAS were 77.9% and 71.7%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Symptom score changes were -2.43 and -3.79 at 6 and 12 months, respectively (both p < 0.0001); the VAS improvement rate and symptom score change did not differ significantly between children and adolescents and/or adults. Good injection schedule adherence was found in 98.8% of the patients. No study drug–related serious adverse events or serious systemic allergic reactions occurred. Conclusion HDM-SCIT was safe and effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma in a Chinese population, with good compliance.
Endoscopic Repair of Bilateral Choanal Atresia, Starting with Vomer Resection: Evaluation Study
Authors: El-Anwar Mohammad Waheed , Nofal Ahmad Abdel Fattah , El-Ahl Magdy Abdalla Sayed 
Published: May 2016

Background Choanal atresia is the most common inborn nasal anomaly, and its definitive treatment is surgical to achieve proper bilateral nasal patency. Four main surgical approaches were used for repair: transantral, transpalatal, transseptal, and transnasal. The transnasal endoscopic approach is the most widely accepted nowadays. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the long-term results of a transnasal endoscopic repair of congenital choanal atresia started with resection of the posterior portion of the vomer and was completed without the use of stents in a large series of patients. Methods Twenty-five patients (age range, 3-15 days) with bilateral congenital choanal atresia had surgery by using stentless endoscopic transnasal repair by starting with resection of the vomer bone. Postoperative control included office fiberoptic nasal endoscopy. Results During the follow-up period of 15-66 months (mean [standard deviation], 35.76 ± 16.8 months), 18 patients (72%) had a wide choana with adequate nasal breathing; Six patients (24%) had narrowing of the choana (<50%), still with adequate and satisfactory airway without feeding difficulties, and one patient (4%) developed restenosis (>50%) after 7 months, which necessitated repeated surgery. One patient (the fourth case) developed a palatal defect, which healed conservatively. No other complications were detected. Conclusion The described technique proved to be effective and easier, with good long-term satisfactory results in a large series of patients. This technique allows early use of both nasal passages for simultaneous endoscope and instrument insertion to excise both atretic plates without the use of stents or flaps.
LIGHT SCATTERING BY FRACTAL DUST AGGREGATES. I. ANGULAR DEPENDENCE OF SCATTERING
Authors: Tazaki Ryo , Tanaka Hidekazu , Okuzumi Satoshi , Kataoka Akimasa , Nomura Hideko 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
In protoplanetary disks, micron-sized dust grains coagulate to form highly porous dust aggregates. Because the optical properties of these aggregates are not completely understood, it is important to investigate how porous dust aggregates scatter light. In this study, the light scattering properties of porous dust aggregates were calculated using a rigorous method, the T-matrix method, and the results were then compared with those obtained using the Rayleigh–Gans–Debye (RGD) theory and Mie theory with the effective medium approximation (EMT). The RGD theory is applicable to moderately large aggregates made of nearly transparent monomers. This study considered two types of porous dust aggregates—ballistic cluster–cluster agglomerates (BCCAs) and ballistic particle–cluster agglomerates. First, the angular dependence of the scattered intensity was shown to reflect the hierarchical structure of dust aggregates; the large-scale structure of the aggregates is responsible for the intensity at small scattering angles, and their small-scale structure determines the intensity at large scattering angles. Second, it was determined that the EMT underestimates the backward scattering intensity by multiple orders of magnitude, especially in BCCAs, because the EMT averages the structure within the size of the aggregates. It was concluded that the RGD theory is a very useful method for calculating the optical properties of BCCAs.
DYNAMICS AND TRANSIT VARIATIONS OF RESONANT EXOPLANETS
Authors: Nesvorný David , Vokrouhlický David 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Transit timing variations (TTVs) are deviations of the measured midtransit times from the exact periodicity. One of the most interesting causes of TTVs is the gravitational interaction between planets. Here we consider a case of two planets in a mean motion resonance (orbital periods in a ratio of small integers). This case is important because the resonant interaction can amplify the TTV effect and allow planets to be detected more easily. We develop an analytic model of the resonant dynamics valid for small orbital eccentricities and use it to derive the principal TTV terms. We find that a resonant system should show TTV terms with two basic periods (and their harmonics). The resonant TTV period is proportional (m/M
*)−2/3, where m and M
* are the planetary and stellar masses. For m = 10−4
M
*, for example, the TTV period exceeds the orbital period by about two orders of magnitude. The amplitude of the resonant TTV terms scales linearly with the libration amplitude. The ratio of the TTV amplitudes of two resonant planets is inversely proportional to the ratio of their masses. These and other relationships discussed in the main text can be used to aid the interpretation of TTV observations.
SMALL-SCALE CONFORMITY OF THE VIRGO CLUSTER GALAXIES
Authors: Lee Hye-Ran , Lee Joon Hyeop , Jeong Hyunjin , Park Byeong-Gon 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate the small-scale conformity in color between bright galaxies and their faint companions in the Virgo Cluster. Cluster member galaxies are spectroscopically determined using the Extended Virgo Cluster Catalog and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12. We find that the luminosity-weighted mean color of faint galaxies depends on the color of adjacent bright galaxy as well as on the cluster-scale environment (gravitational potential index). From this result for the entire area of the Virgo Cluster, it is not distinguishable whether the small-scale conformity is genuine or if it is artificially produced due to cluster-scale variation of galaxy color. To disentangle this degeneracy, we divide the Virgo Cluster area into three sub-areas so that the cluster-scale environmental dependence is minimized: A1 (central), A2 (intermediate), and A3 (outermost). We find conformity in color between bright galaxies and their faint companions (color–color slope significance S ∼ 2.73σ and correlation coefficient

) in A2, where the cluster-scale environmental dependence is almost negligible. On the other hand, the conformity is not significant or very marginal (S ∼ 1.75σ and

) in A1. The conformity is not significant either in A3 (S ∼ 1.59σ and

), but the sample size is too small in this area. These results are consistent with a scenario in which the small-scale conformity in a cluster is a vestige of infallen groups and these groups lose conformity as they come closer to the cluster center.
LYα SIGNATURES FROM DIRECT COLLAPSE BLACK HOLES
Authors: Dijkstra Mark , Gronke Max , Sobral David 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
“Direct collapse black holes” (DCBHs) provide possible seeds for supermassive black holes that exist at

. We study Lyα radiative transfer through simplified representations of the DCBH scenario. We find that gravitational heating of the collapsing cloud gives rise to a Lyα cooling luminosity of up to

erg s−1. Photoionization by a central source boosts the Lyα luminosity to

erg s−1, where

denotes the mass of the black hole powering this source. We predict that the width and velocity offsets of the Lyα spectral line range from a few tens to few thousands km s−1, depending sensitively on the evolutionary state of the cloud. We apply our predictions to observations of CR7, a luminous Lyα emitter at

, which may be associated with a DCBH. If CR7 is powered by a black hole, then its Lyα flux requires that

, which exceeds the mass of DCBHs when they first form. The observed width of the Lyα spectrum favors the presence of only a low column density of hydrogen,

. The shape of the Lyα spectrum indicates that this gas is outflowing. These requirements imply that if CR7 harbors a DCBH, then the physical conditions that enabled its formation have been mostly erased, which is in agreement with theoretical expectations. These constraints weaken if the observed Lyα emission represents the central peak of a more extended halo.
NGC 5195 IN M51: FEEDBACK “BURPS” AFTER A MASSIVE MEAL?
Authors: Schlegel E. M. , Jones C. , Machacek M. , Vega L. D. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We describe a double-arc-like X-ray structure lying ∼15″–30″ (∼0.8–1.7 kpc) south of the NGC 5195 nucleus, visible in the merged exposures of long Chandra pointings of M51. The curvature and orientation of the arcs argues for a nuclear origin. The arcs are radially separated by ∼15″ (∼1 kpc), but are rotated relative to each other by ∼30°. From an archival image, we find a slender Hα-emitting region just outside the outer edge of the outer X-ray arc, suggesting that the X-ray-emitting gas plowed up and displaced the Hα-emitting material from the galaxy core. Star formation may have commenced in that arc. Hα emission is present at the inner arc, but appears more complex in structure. In contrast to an explosion expected to be azimuthally symmetric, the X-ray arcs suggest a focused outflow. We interpret the arcs as episodic outbursts from the central super-massive black hole (SMBH). We conclude that NGC 5195 represents the nearest galaxy exhibiting on-going, large-scale outflows of gas, in particular, two episodes of a focused outburst of the SMBH. The arcs represent a clear demonstration of feedback.