bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Smart Surveillance Technologies for Suicide Prevention in Public Spaces: A Professional Stakeholder Survey from the United Kingdom
Authors: Joyner Laura , Cliffe Bethany , Mackenzie Jay-Marie , Pettersen Elizabeth , Marsh Ian , Phillips Penny , Marzano Lisa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Around a third of suicides in the United Kingdom occur in public spaces, such as on the railways, at bridges, or coastal locations. Increasingly, the use of Artificial Intelligence and other smart technologies are being proposed as a means of optimising or automating aspects of the surveillance process in these environments. Yet relatively little is known about how they are being used for suicide prevention and the realities of deploying these systems in public spaces.
Methods
108 professional stakeholders across the UK completed an online survey to understand how smart surveillance technologies are being deployed across different types of public spaces to (also) prevent suicides. Through a series of multiple choice and open-ended questions, participants were also asked about the perceived benefits, limitations, and biggest barriers of implementing these technologies for suicide prevention reasons.
Results
72 examples of smart surveillance technology were identified, with around two-thirds at “high-risk” locations. Motion-activated CCTV, cameras with AI analytics, and Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) cameras were the most commonly identified technologies. More than half of systems alerted a control room when activated, and the majority (80%) initiated a human-led response.
Qualitative analysis suggests that these technologies can help guide real-time or future rescue responses. However, the importance of ensuring technology met the needs of a location was raised, with many originally designed for other purposes (e.g. crime prevention). Furthermore, several participants indicated technology alone could not prevent suicides, and felt a human response was still required. This, however, presented challenges such as the feasibility of delivering rapid responses. Barriers to installation and other challenges, including ethical and legal concerns, were also raised.
Conclusions
The present findings suggest that smart surveillance technologies have the potential to aide suicide prevention efforts but are unlikely to replace other measures. The findings highlight the importance of engaging with other stakeholders, including staff who lead the response or work with the systems day-to-day and people with lived experience of suicide. Furthermore, environmental factors, existing infrastructure and the processes surrounding the use of these tools may also influence their effectiveness as a suicide prevention measure when deployed in real-world settings.
Chromatin remodeling restraints oncogenic functions in prostate cancer
Authors: Lanzuolo Chiara , Rosti Valentina , Petrini Cristiano , Lembo Giovanni , Gorini Francesca , Quadri Roberto , Mutarelli Margherita , Salviato Elisa , Soldateschi Emanuele di Patrizio , Montanari Emanuele , Albo Giancarlo , Ripa Francesco , Fasciani Alessandra , Crosti Mariacristina , Vaira Valentina , De Lorenzis Elisa , Maggioni Marco , Ferrari Francesco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Primary prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by multifocal growth and a highly variable clinical course, which is not effectively predicted by prognostic screenings. Innovative strategies for the stratification of primary prostate cancers are still needed. Using prostate biopsies, we analyzed the epigenome of 17 chemo-naïve patients with putative PCa for genome-wide mapping of heterochromatic and euchromatic domains, as well as their three-dimensional (3D) compartmentalization in the cell nucleus. We identified two subgroups of cancer patients with different degrees of chromatin 3D architecture and transcriptome alterations: the LDD (Low Degree of Decompartmentalization) and HDD (High Degree of Decompartmentalization) groups. HDD subtype exhibits an extensive chromatin reorganization that restrains tumor potential, by repressing pathways related to extracellular matrix remodeling and phenotypic plasticity. We derived an 18-genes transcriptional signature that distinguishes HDD from LDD subtype and we confirmed its prognostic relevance across multiple cohorts covering more than 900 prostate cancer patients in total. We propose this transcriptional signature derived from chromatin compartmentalization analysis as a novel prognostic tool that could be adopted at the time of the diagnostic prostate biopsy.
Predicting creep failure life in adhesive-bonded single-lap joints using machine learning
Authors: Jan Faizullah , Kujawa Marcin , Paczos Piotr , Eremeyev Victor A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Accurately predicting the creep failure life of bonded joints, particularly single-lap adhesive joints (SLAJs), remains a significant challenge, requiring considerable time and resources. The ability to predict the duration of creep failure in SLAJs is crucial for ensuring the structural integrity of structures and limiting the failure of creep-prone adhesive connections. This study utilizes machine learning (ML) to identify critical features and predict the creep failure life of adhesive-bonded single-lap joints. Significant features influencing the behavior of SLAJ-type connections were identified through correlation analysis and sequential feature selection. Multiple ML algorithms were employed to analyze complex relationships among key features and predict creep failure life. The results highlight the importance of factors such as creep strain of SLAJ, Ultimate Tensile Strength of adhesive (UTS), creep stress of SLAJ, area of adhesive (A), and Young's modulus (E) in reliably predicting creep failure life. The Random Forest (RF) ensemble ML model, incorporating these features, demonstrates reliable predictive accuracy. In conclusion, the developed ML model exhibits significant potential for accurately predicting the creep failure life of adhesive-bonded SLAJs. Finally, the ML model was validated using experimental studies. The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available in the repository attached to the paper.
Multilingual User Perceptions Analysis from Twitter using Zero Shot Learning for Border Control Technologies
Authors: Shaikh Sarang , Yayilgan Sule Yildirim , Zoto Erjon , Abomhara Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Online social networks (OSNs) such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and Reddit have transformed communication by enabling users to share opinions and perceptions on various topics. The vast amount of user-generated content on these platforms poses significant challenges for manual analysis. Advances in artificial intelligence, particularly transformer-based models like BERT and GPT, have improved the processing of multilingual data for tasks such as text classification, sentiment analysis, and emotion analysis. However, these models often require extensive task-specific training and high-quality labeled data, which is impractical for multilingual contexts. This study addresses these limitations by utilizing zero-shot learning (ZSL) with transformer-based models, which eliminate the need for task-specific training and can classify new data into unseen classes without manual annotation. The use case for this study is border control technologies (BCTs), a hot topic following the European Union (EU) commission’s ”Smart Borders Package” aimed at improving border crossing points’ efficiency and security. We introduce a novel ”user perception extraction architecture” to analyze multilingual perceptions of BCTs from Twitter. As there is no existing multilingual Twitter dataset for this purpose, we compiled a dataset of 90,789 multilingual tweets related to BCTs from 2008 to 2022. This study contributes to the research domain of user perception analysis from OSNs and opens new directions for understanding and improving global public perceptions of BCTs and other technologies or domains.
The Impact of Pathogen Sensitivity to Antibiotics Loaded in Cement on the Number of Revisions and Costs in the Treatment of Periprosthetic Knee Infection
Authors: DAVULCU CUMHUR DENIZ , OZER METE , AFACAN MUHAMMED YUSUF , ELIBOLLAR CANSU , KAYNAK GOKHAN , UNLU MEHMET CAN 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of the pathogen's sensitivity to the loaded antibiotics on infection resolution, the number of revisions, and the associated costs in patients undergoing revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) due to PJI.
Material and Methods: We reviewed the treatment and follow-up processes of 61 patients who underwent rTKA for late-stage PJI following primary total knee arthroplasty (pTKA) in our clinic. The study included 11 patients in the resistant group and 50 in the sensitive group in line with the power analysis results. Patients' demographic characteristics and comorbidities were recorded. All patients received dual antibiotic-loaded cement. Microbiological examinations of patients were analyzed, and the number of revision surgeries each patient underwent was determined. We analyzed all surgeries related to infection treatment, including open irrigation, debridement, polyethylene exchange, implant extractions, antibiotic-loaded cement spacer placements, spacer changes, and debridements, and the implantation of revision prostheses, including tumor prostheses. The total number of surgeries each patient underwent was recorded. We also reviewed hospital system records of total protocol costs during patient admissions.
Results: Of 61 patients undergoing revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), 11 had antibiotic-resistant infections and 50 had antibiotic-sensitive infections. The groups had similar demographics. Polymicrobial infections were more frequent in the resistant group (p=0.017), with all resistant cases showing gentamicin resistance and two showing teicoplanin resistance. The resistant group required more surgeries (average 3.91±2.7 vs. 2.34±1.3, p=0.043) compared to the sensitive group, with teicoplanin resistance doubling revision surgeries (p=0.005). Costs were similar between groups, averaging $6279.74. Gram-negative infections led to more revisions (p=0.013). Polymicrobial infections did not significantly affect the number of surgeries or costs compared to single-strain infections.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that in rTKA surgeries using dual antibiotic-loaded bone cement, infections caused by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms are more challenging and time-consuming to treat. This underscores the necessity of exploring new methods to enhance local efficacy by loading cement with antibiotics based on specific pathogen culture and sensitivity results, while also providing clinical evidence of the effectiveness of current treatment methods against sensitive microorganisms.
Study on the Application of Progressive Training Method Combined with Imagery Training Method in Laparoscopic Suturing Skills Training for Resident Physicians
Authors: Lin Wenxue , Li Rizeng , Yu Jian , Peng Xiaoping , Xia Jianfu , Huang Bingchen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to explore an efficient teaching method to improve laparoscopic suturing skills in resident physicians by combining the progressive training method with the imagery training method.
Methods
This study used a randomized controlled trial methodology. The experimental group received training utilizing a combination of the progressive training method and the imagery training method In contrast, the control group followed the traditional teaching method of practicing continuous complete actions. Both groups were trained in intracorporeal suturing and knot-tying under laparoscopy. The training effects of the two groups were compared and analyzed before and after the training, including LS-CAT scores and suturing time.
Results
In the second test, the experimental group had much higher LS-CAT scores than the control group, as well as a considerably lower number of operation errors. In the experimental group, 88.9% of the trainees were proficient, compared to only 28.6% in the control group. There was no significant difference in suturing time between the two groups. In the third test, all trainees met proficiency standards, and the total LS-CAT scores were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of LS-CAT scores in tissue handling and operation mistakes.
Conclusion
The combination of the progressive training method and the imagery training method significantly improved resident physicians’ laparoscopic suturing skills. This method greatly enhanced the efficiency and quality of learning laparoscopic suturing and knot-tying skills among surgical and gynecological resident doctors.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate the pathogenic stress on the invasive weed Alternanthera philoxeroides
Authors: Qi Shanshan , Zhang Yu , Yan Mengting , Naz Misbah , Nkansah Francis Kwaku , Huang Zhiyun , Xiong Huanhe , Dai Zhicong , Du Daolin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Invasive plants have caused huge damages in ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play important roles in plant growth. However, the importance of AMF in pathogenic stress on invasive plants were rarely studied. The effects of AMF (Glomus etunicatum) on the resistance to pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani of an invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides were examined in this study. Our results showed that AMF significantly promoted stem length, spacer length, and leaf area of A. philoxeroides. The pathogen R. solani negatively impacted plant growth, including above-ground biomass and root characteristics. However, AMF inoculation mitigated these negative effects. Notably, AMF colonization rates increased significantly in the presence of pathogen. AMF significantly promoted the above-ground growth and decreased the root/shoot ratio to help resist pathogen. These findings indicate that AMF can enhance A. philoxeroides resistance to pathogenic stress, potentially contributing to its invasive success. This study provides insights into the complex interactions between invasive plants, beneficial fungi, and pathogens, which may have implications for understanding and managing plant invasions.
Characteristics of patients who die in an acute palliative care unit
Authors: Mercadante Sebastiano , Cascio Alessio Lo , Casuccio Alessandra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the characteristics of patients with advanced cancer who die in an acute palliative care unit (APCU). The second outcome was to evaluate the risk factors for death in APCU.
Methods: Consecutive patients with advanced cancer admitted to the APCU in a period of 13 months were prospectively assessed. At APCU admission epidemiologic data, characteristics of admission, cachexia, being on-off anticancer treatment, and Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) were assessed. Patients who died in APCU were extrapolated from the entire sample. A similar random sample of patients who were discharged alive in the same study period, matched for age and gender, was selected for comparison.
Results: Fifty-four patients (12%) died in APCU. Statistical differences between died and discharged patients atadmission were found in MDAS (p=<0.0005), home palliative care referral (p<0.0005), cachexia (p=0.018), being off-therapy (p=<0.0005), cognitive/clinical decline (p=<0.0005), and symptom burden (P=0.002). At the multivariate analysis, independent factors associated with dying in APCU were MDAS (p=0.006), referral from home care (p=0.025), being off-therapy (p=0.002), pain (<0.05), and dyspnea intensity (p=0.038), and total ESAS (p=0.025).
Conclusion: Mortality risk in APCU is associated with home palliative care referral, high symptom burden, cognitive failure, and general worsening of the clinical condition, as well being off-therapy. More proactive and timely end-of-life care is needed for these patients.
Clinical and Radiographic Results of Atlantoaxial Interfacetal Fusion Using Local Bone with Fixation: Does the Joint Cartilage Debridement Matter?
Authors: Yuan Lei , Wang Yongqiang , Wang Chao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of atlantoaxial interfacetal fusion with local bone autografting combined with posterior internal fixation for treating patients with atlantoaxial instability (AAI) or reducible atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD).
Methods: Patients with AAI or reducible AAD who underwent surgery using C1-2 fixation and interfacetal bone fusion in our institution from March 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. According to whether articular cartilage was scraped and the joint was decorticated during surgery, the patients were divided into the scraped (S) group and the non-scraped (NS)group. The granular bone harvested from the C2 spinous process, lamina, and tubercula posterius was packed into the atlantoaxial joint. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed.
Results: We recruited 57 patients with > 2 year of follow-up and an average age of 42.32±17.56years. The operations were successfully performed in all patients without any intraoperative complications. The mean operation duration was 123.11±37.24 min, and the average blood loss was 129 ± 61 mL. At the final follow-up, all patients (100%) achieved anatomic atlantoaxial reduction (ADI<3 mm), and solid atlantoaxial fusion. Compared with preoperation, ADI decreased from 7.11±2.34 to 1.57±0.74 mm (P<0.01), and the cervicomedullary angle increased from 134.88°±13.74° to 146.46°±11.14° (P<0.01), and the average JOA score significantly improved from 13.05±1.93 to 15.46±1.48 at the final follow-up (P<0.01) at the final follow-up.
Conclusions: Atlantoaxial interfacetal fusion using local bone graft was an efficient and safe surgical procedure for treating patients with AAI or reducible AAD, even if the atlantoaxial joint cartilage debridement and surface decortication were not performed.
Latent intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation could persist until toddlerhood in children with a history of low birth weight
Authors: Ishimori Shingo , Ishiko Shinya , Fujimura Junya , Aoyama Shuhei , Kimura Yuka , Kitakado Hideaki , Ueda Chika , Inoki Yuta , Tanaka Yu , Horinouchi Tomoko , Yamamura Tomohiko , Sakakibara Nana , Nagano China , Nozu Kandai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a crucial role in kidney development and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, no studies have examined the association between RAAS and CKD in children with a history of preterm birth and low birth weight (LBW).
Methods
In first urine biomarker study, we prospectively evaluated intrarenal RAAS markers using spot urine in children, both with and without a history of LBW, who required evaluation for short stature and had no clinical kidney symptoms at registration. In second, we conducted a retrospective immunohistochemical pathological study using kidney biopsy specimens in subjects, both with and without a history of LBW, with reduced kidney function and pathological glomerular hypertrophy. Urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) was assessed as a marker of intrarenal RAAS.
Results
A total of 45 children with a median age of 5.0 years were evaluated in the prospective biomarker study. Urinary AGT/creatinine (Cr) levels were significantly higher in children with a history of LBW (n = 24) than in those without (n = 21; 12.6 vs. 6.7 µg/ng Cr, p < 0.01). In the immunohistochemical kidney pathological study, the positive area of AGT staining in the renal tubules of the subject with a history of LBW was more extensive than that of the subject without a history of LBW.
Conclusions
Our biomarker and pathological studies indicated that latent intrarenal RAAS activation in children with a history of LBW persists until toddlerhood and may contribute to the progression of CKD.
Genome-Wide Analysis of KNOX Genes in Brassicaceae: Evolution, Comparative Genomics, and Expression Dynamics in B. napus Floral and Silique Development
Authors: He Xiaoli , Tan Chengfang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Knotted-like homeobox (KNOX) genes, belonging to a subfamily of the homeobox gene family, play crucial roles in cell fate determination and body plan specification during early embryogenesis in higher organisms. Brassica rapa (B. rapa, AA), Brassica oleracea (B. oleracea, CC) and their natural hybridization named Brassica napus (B. napus, AACC) are excellent models for the study of polyploidy genes because they undego genome triplication events after Arabidopsis-Brassiceae divergence. Moreover, the specific gene structure and functional differentiation of KNOXs in B. napus is still unclear.
Methods and results
KNOX homologs from the three Brassica species, namely, B. rapa, B. oleracea and B. napus were downloaded from the Brassica database. Their evolutionary conservation and classification were analyzed with bioinformatics tools. This study identified 32, 15 and 14 KNOX genes in the genome of B. napus, B. rapa and B. oleracea, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that KNOXs can be classified into three classes based on their structural characteristics. The KNOX homologue proteins across the three Brassica species consistently share a highly conserved domain organization. Synteny analysis indicated that the KNOX gene family of B. napus expanded during allopolyploidization, with whole-gene duplication and segmental duplication being the primary contributors to the majority of KNOX gene duplications. Further analyses of the cis-elements, gene structures and expression patterns of KNOX genes in B. napus showed high conservation among members within the same group. RNA-seq data clearly divided BnKNOXs into three classes: Class I exhibited moderate and specific expression in buds and inflorescence tips; Class III showed specific low expression in seeds and stamens; while the second class shows expression in most tissues. qRT-PCR results indicated widespread involvement of KNOX genes in reproductive organ development.
Conclusions
The evolutionary conservation and diversification of KNOX proteins are significant in plant evolution and species formation, providing a robust foundation following the Arabidopsis-Brassiceae divergence. The gene structure, cis-elements, and tissue-specific expression patterns underscore the sequence and functional differences among BnKNOX genes. The distinct roles of BnKNOX genes in reproductive development are highlighted. These findings lay the groundwork for further functional studies of BnKNOX genes in B. napus.