bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Ley Orgánica de Comunicación de Ecuador, ¿un avance en el ejercicio efectivo de las libertades expresión e información y en la participación ciudadana?
Authors: Magdaleno Alegría Antonio 
Published: April 2016

ResumenCon el objetivo de garantizar el efectivo ejercicio de las libertades de expresión e información y fomentar la participación ciudadana, la Asamblea Nacional de Ecuador aprobó la Ley Orgánica de Comunicación en 2013. La citada norma ha sido criticada, entre otros, por la Relatoría especial para la libertad de expresión de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, organizaciones nacionales e internacionales de periodistas y la mayoría de los medios de comunicaciónprivados de Ecuador. Entre otras cuestiones, han censurado que la citada norma califica como servicio público la actividad de todos los medios de comunicación independientemente de su titularidad o modalidad, que se castigue la censura por omisión o la nula independencia de los organismos de control de la actividad de los medios de comunicación.El estudio analiza si la Ley Orgánica de comunicación supone una auténtica democratización del ejercicio de las libertades de expresión e información y un fortalecimiento de la participación ciudadana o si, por el contrario, contiene regulaciones que posibilitan la influencia gubernamental sobre los contenidos comunicativos de los mass media y, por ende, hacen dudar de la sinceridad del legislador ecuatoriano.AbstractThe National Assembly of Ecuador approved the Organic Law of Communication on 2013 aiming to guarantee the effective exercise of the freedom of speech and freedom of information as well as to encourage civic participation. This law has been criticized by several organizations such as the Special Reportership for the freedom of speech of the Interamerican Commission for the Human Rights, national and international journalists’ organizations and most of the private media of Ecuador. Some of the issues that have been criticized are that thementioned law qualifies as public service the activity of every media independent on their ownership or format, punishes the omission censorship and the nonexistent neutrality of the authorities in charge of the control of the activity of the media as well. This study analyses whether the Organic Law of Communication poses a real democratization of the exercise of the freedom of speech and information and a strengthening of the civic participation or if, on the contrary, includes regulations that enable the governmental control of private media and, therefore, casts doubts on the sincerity of the Ecuadorian legislator.
Skirtingų lubinų veislių jautrumas antraknozei (Colletotrichum spp.)
Authors: Liepienė Nijolė , Semaškienė Roma 
Published: April 2016

Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro (LAMMC) Žemdirbystės institute buvo atlikti laboratoriniai tyrimai ir lauko eksperimentai, kurių tikslas – įvertinti skirtingų lubinų veislių reakciją į antraknozę (Colletotrichum spp.), tyrimų metais dominavusią lauko eksperimentuose ir pažeidusią apatinę stiebo dalį, lapus, ankštis ir grūdus. Taikant filtro popieriaus rulonų metodą nustatyta, kad su sėkla plintančiai antraknozės infekcijai kontroliuojamomis sąlygomis atspariausi buvo ‘Derliai’ veislės lubinai, jautresni – ‘Vilniai’ ir ‘Trakiai’. Natūraliomis lauko sąlygomis ankstyvaisiais vystymosi tarpsniais mažesniu jautrumu antraknozei išsiskyrė ‘Derliai’ ir ‘Trakiai’. Pašariniai lubinai ‘Boruta’ buvo šiek tiek mažiau jautrūs antarknozei nei ‘Vilniai’, bet skirtumai nebuvo esminiai. Daigų tarpsniu (BBCH 10–19) jautresni buvo lubinai ‘Vilniai’. Brandos tarpsniu (BBCH 80–89) visais tyrimų metais antraknozės mažiausiai buvo pažeisti sideraliniai lubinai ‘Derliai’, o ‘Ugniai’, ‘Trakiai’ ligos protrūkio metais pasižymėjo dideliu jautrumu ir iki brandos pabaigos buvo visiškai sunaikinti ligos. Antraknozei atspariausi tyrimų metais išliko sideraliniai lubinai ‘Derliai’.
Bastutinių šeimos piktžolių rūšių alelopatinė įtaka vasarinių rapsų ir vasarinių miežių dygimui ir augimui
Authors: Marcinkevičienė Aušra , Eimutytė Edita , Šaučiūnas Eventas , Kosteckas Robertas , Kosteckienė Silvija 
Published: April 2016

Tyrimai atlikti 2013 m. Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto Bandymų stotyje. Tyrimų tikslas – nustatyti ir palyginti bastutinių šeimos piktžolių rūšių alelopatinę įtaką vasarinių rapsų ir vasarinių miežių dygimui ir augimui. Eksperimento variantai: A veiksnys – bastutinių šeimos piktžolių rūšys: 1) dirvinis garstukas; 2) dirvinė čiužutė; 3) trikertė žvaginė; 4) smalkinis tvertikas. B veiksnys – vandeninių ištraukų koncentracijos: 1) distiliuotas vanduo (kontrolinis variantas); 2) 1 : 6 250 (piktžolių biomasė : distiliuotas vanduo); 3) 1 : 1 250; 4) 1 : 250; 5) 1 : 50; 6) 1 : 10. Didžiausias bendras fenolinių junginių kiekis nustatytas dirvinio garstuko ir smalkinio tvertiko lapuose (atitinkamai 1,70 ir 1,81 mg g–1 žaliosios masės), o trikertės žvaginės ir dirvinės čiužutės – žiedynuose (atitinkamai 1,56 ir 1,70 mg g–1). Vasarinių rapsų sėklų dygimas ir pradinis augimas labiausiai buvo slopinamas dirvinio garstuko vandeninėse ištraukose, palyginti su kitų piktžolių rūšių vandeninėmis ištraukomis, o vasarinių miežių – dirvinės čiužutės ir trikertės žvaginės vandeninėse ištraukose. Stipriausios koncentracijos (1 : 10) piktžolių vandeninėje ištraukoje vasariniai rapsai visai nedygo, o vasarinių miežių grūdų dygimą esmingai slopino visų koncentracijų piktžolių vandeninės ištraukos. Vasarinių rapsų daigų augimą, palyginti su distiliuotu vandeniu, piktžolių silpnesnių (1 : 6 250, 1 : 1 250) koncentracijų vandeninės ištraukos esmingai 8,4 ir 11,6 % slopino, o stipresnės koncentracijos (1 : 50) – esmingai 27,7 % skatino. Vasarinių rapsų šaknų ilgis iš esmės 28,6 % mažėjo tik 1 : 50 koncentracijos piktžolių vandeninėje ištraukoje. Vasarinių miežių daigų aukštis, palyginti su distiliuotu vandeniu, esmingai 15,2 karto mažėjo tik stipriausios (1 : 10) koncentracijos piktžolių vandeninėje ištraukoje, o šaknų ilgis esmingai (nuo 7,4 iki 26,9 %) mažėjo visų koncentracijų vandeninėse ištraukose.
Improvement of crystallinity of GaN layers grown using Ga2O vapor synthesized from liquid Ga and H2O vapor
Authors: Yamaguchi Yohei , Taniyama Yuuki , Takatsu Hiroaki , Kitamoto Akira , Imade Mamoru , Yoshimura Masashi , Isemura Masashi , Mori Yusuke 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Growth methods using Ga2O vapor allow long-term growth of bulk GaN crystals. Ga2O vapor is generated by the reduction of Ga2O3 powder with H2 gas (Ga2O3–H2 process) or by the oxidation of liquid Ga with H2O vapor (Ga–H2O process). We investigated the dependence of the properties of grown GaN layers on the synthesis of Ga2O. In the Ga–H2O process, the polycrystal density and full width at half maximum (FWHM) GaN(0002) X-ray rocking curves (XRC) at a high growth rate were lower than those in the Ga2O3–H2 process, and a GaN layer with FWHM of 99 arcsec and growth rate of 216 µm/h was obtained. A low H2O partial pressure in the growth zone improved crystallinity in the Ga–H2O process, realized by the high efficiency of conversion from liquid Ga to Ga2O vapor. We concluded that using Ga2O vapor in the Ga–H2O process has the potential for obtaining higher crystallinity with high growth rate.
Tidal hydrodynamics under future sea level rise and coastal morphology in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Passeri Davina L. , Hagen Scott C. , Plant Nathaniel G. , Bilskie Matthew V. , Medeiros Stephen C. , Alizad Karim 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study examines the integrated influence of sea level rise (SLR) and future morphology on tidal hydrodynamics along the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) coast including seven embayments and three ecologically and economically significant estuaries. A large‐domain hydrodynamic model was used to simulate astronomic tides for present and future conditions (circa 2050 and 2100). Future conditions were simulated by imposing four SLR scenarios to alter hydrodynamic boundary conditions and updating shoreline position and dune heights using a probabilistic model that is coupled to SLR. Under the highest SLR scenario, tidal amplitudes within the bays increased as much as 67% (10.0 cm) because of increases in the inlet cross‐sectional area. Changes in harmonic constituent phases indicated that tidal propagation was faster in the future scenarios within most of the bays. Maximum tidal velocities increased in all of the bays, especially in Grand Bay where velocities doubled under the highest SLR scenario. In addition, the ratio of the maximum flood to maximum ebb velocity decreased in the future scenarios (i.e., currents became more ebb dominant) by as much as 26% and 39% in Weeks Bay and Apalachicola, respectively. In Grand Bay, the flood‐ebb ratio increased (i.e., currents became more flood dominant) by 25% under the lower SLR scenarios, but decreased by 16% under the higher SLR as a result of the offshore barrier islands being overtopped, which altered the tidal prism. Results from this study can inform future storm surge and ecological assessments of SLR, and improve monitoring and management decisions within the NGOM.
An assessment of the ICE6G_C(VM5a) glacial isostatic adjustment model
Authors: Purcell A. , Tregoning P. , Dehecq A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe recent release of the next‐generation global ice history model, ICE6G_C(VM5a), is likely to be of interest to a wide range of disciplines including oceanography (sea level studies), space gravity (mass balance studies), glaciology, and, of course, geodynamics (Earth rheology studies). In this paper we make an assessment of some aspects of the ICE6G_C(VM5a) model and show that the published present‐day radial uplift rates are too high along the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula (by ∼8.6 mm/yr) and beneath the Ross Ice Shelf (by ∼5 mm/yr). Furthermore, the published spherical harmonic coefficients—which are meant to represent the dimensionless present‐day changes due to glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA)—contain excessive power for degree ≥90, do not agree with physical expectations and do not represent accurately the ICE6G_C(VM5a) model. We show that the excessive power in the high‐degree terms produces erroneous uplift rates when the empirical relationship of Purcell et al. (2011) is applied, but when correct Stokes coefficients are used, the empirical relationship produces excellent agreement with the fully rigorous computation of the radial velocity field, subject to the caveats first noted by Purcell et al. (2011). Using the Australian National University (ANU) groups CALSEA software package, we recompute the present‐day GIA signal for the ice thickness history and Earth rheology used by Peltier et al. (2015) and provide dimensionless Stokes coefficients that can be used to correct satellite altimetry observations for GIA over oceans and by the space gravity community to separate GIA and present‐day mass balance change signals. We denote the new data sets as ICE6G_ANU.
Impact of Homeowner Association (HOA) landscaping guidelines on residential water use
Authors: Wentz Elizabeth A. , Rode Sandra , Li Xiaoxiao , Tellman Elizabeth M. , Turner B. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe association between increasing water intensive land‐cover, such as the use of turf grass and trees, and increasing water use is a growing concern for water‐stressed arid cities. Appropriate regulatory measures addressing residential landscaping, such as those applied by Homeowner Associations (HOAs), may serve to reduce municipal water use, joining other water‐use reducing measures under consideration by arid cities. This research assesses quantitatively the role that Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CCRs) applied to landscaping by HOAs play on water consumption. Statistical comparisons and models of n=1973 parcels in Goodyear, Arizona, USA, reveal that: HOA yards have less vegetation cover and those households use less peak‐season water (July) than those households in non‐HOA neighborhoods. This hold true even though the HOA CCRs regulate only the minimum required front‐yard vegetation and most residents maintain more than the minimum vegetation level. Furthermore, front‐yard landscaping tends to be mimicked in the backyard such that total yard landscaping tracks best with total household water use. Results of the study suggest that HOA landscaping regulations have the potential to reduce peak‐season water use by up to 24% if CCRs were to set maximum vegetation regulations rather than minimum and if compliance were enforced. Lowering residential water consumption in this way potentially involves tradeoffs with the cooling effects of vegetation and its consequences on the urban heat island effect, on energy use, and on home values.
The psychology of recycled water: Factors predicting disgust and willingness to use
Authors: Wester Julia , Timpano Kiara R. , Çek Demet , Broad Kenneth 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWater recycling is increasingly recognized as a critical strategy to maintain sustainable water supplies. Yet public acceptance of water recycling often lags behind. It is unclear the degree to which individuals are aware of the role of disgust in their decisions about recycled water, how important anticipated disgust is to willingness to use when controlling for other factors, and what the most effective method of presenting information about water recycling would be to decrease disgust reactions and increase willingness to use. We used a two‐pronged approach, combining a survey with open‐ended and psychometric measures with an experimental manipulation, in a U.S., web‐based sample (N = 428). Only 2% of participants self‐identified disgust as important to their decisions about recycled water. When measured directly using a Likert scale, however, anticipated disgust was the strongest predictor of willingness to use recycled water when controlling for individual differences that have been shown to impact willingness to use, including a subscale of individual pathogen disgust sensitivity. Finally, participants were exposed to an educational brochure about water reuse framed either affectively or cognitively or were shown a simple, neutral definition. Exposure to either the affectively or cognitively framed brochures lowered anticipated disgust, but did not significantly affect willingness to use recycled water compared to the neutral condition.
Application of array backprojection to tsunami prediction and early warning
Authors: An Chao , Meng Lingsen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTeleseismic and static geodetic data have weak constraints on the offshore slip while tsunami data are limited by their availability, so predictions of tsunami waves in the near‐field remain challenging. In this study, we develop a near‐field tsunami prediction approach based on seismic array backprojections (BP). In this approach, the rupture area is first estimated by enclosing the BP radiators. Then slip models with uniform slip are constructed based on statistical scaling relations between rupture area and seismic moment to predict the near‐field tsunami waveforms. The method is applied to the 2011 Tohoku, 2014 Iquique, and 2015 Illapel tsunami events, and the model predictions are compared with tsunami recordings at 57 tidal gauges and nine DART stations. Results show that the average error of arrival time and amplitude nearshore is approximately −15 to +5 min and 0.5 m, respectively, which are sufficiently small for tsunami warning purposes.
Highly Sensitive and Selective Polyaniline Nanofiber–Based Voltammetric Sensor for the Quantification of Tinidazole
Authors: Jain Rajeev , Karolia Priyanka , Sinha Ankita , Farooq  
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTA voltammetric sensor is an effective tool for pharmaceutical analysis due to its simplicity, specificity, sensitivity, fast, cost‐effectiveness, and repetitive measurements. A highly sensitive and selective sensor is fabricated based on a polyaniline‐modified glassy carbon electrode. It is demonstrated that this sensor can be used for the determination of a pharmaceutically important compound tinidazole using square wave voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrode surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The developed sensor also exhibited good reproducibility and long‐term stability. Polyaniline nanofibers are expected to be a promising material for sensing applications because of the ease of fabrication, excellent electrochemical performance, and high electroactive surface area.
Synthesis of Cyclopentachromans by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Mediated Homoenolate Annulation of Chroman‐3‐ene‐4‐ones
Authors: Krishnan Jagadeesh , Sinu C. R. , Anusree M. , Seetha Lakshmi K. C. , Mayadevi T. S. , Eringathodi Suresh , Nair Vijay 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAn N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐mediated homoenolate reaction strategy for the efficient synthesis of a wide variety of tricyclic pentenes with potential biological activity is reported.
Investigation of Meyer–Schuster Rearrangement Promoted by a Samarium(III) Triflate/N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide Lewis Acid System
Authors: Du Chuan , Wang Xiaoyu , Jin Shengfei , Shi Hui , Li Yangming , Pang Yadong , Liu Yang , Cheng Maosheng , Guo Chun , Liu Yongxiang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe acceleration effect from the addition of N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) to a samarium(III) triflate catalyzed Meyer–Schuster rearrangement under microwave irradiation was studied. Reaction rate plots indicate that the Sm(OTf)3/NFSI system is especially suitable for unreactive substrates towards the Meyer–Schuster rearrangement. The mechanism was probed by a crossover experiment using 18O‐labeled substrates.
Molekulare Phosphan‐Feststoffkatalysatoren zur Ameisensäurezersetzung in der Bioraffinerie
Authors: Hausoul Peter J. C. , Broicher Cornelia , Vegliante Roberta , Göb Christian , Palkovits Regina 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Lävulinsäureherstellung aus Cellulose fällt Ameisensäure als Koppelprodukt an. Dadurch werden eine integrierte Wasserstoffproduktion oder reduktive chemische Umsetzungen möglich. Mit Rutheniumkomplexen beladene phosphorbasierte poröse Polymere erreichen eine hohe Aktivität und Selektivität in der basenfreien Zersetzung von Ameisensäure zu CO2 und H2. Ein polymeres Analogon von 1,2‐Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethan (DPPE) hat die höchste katalytische Aktivität und ist unter den Reaktionsbedingungen stabil. Bei wiederholtem Einsatz des Katalysators traten nur ein geringfügiges Auslaugen von Ruthenium und eine langsame Deaktivierung über sieben Zyklen auf. Anwendungsnahe Untersuchungen ergaben außerdem, dass mit diesen Katalysatoren Ameisensäure sogar in rohen Produktmischungen der Lävulinsäureherstellung selektiv zersetzt werden kann.
Surfactant‐assisted separation of ginkgo flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba leaves using leaching and foam fractionation
Authors: Jiao Meng , Wu Zhao Liang , Liu Yan , Liu Wei , Li Rui 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA surfactant can be used as solubilizer in leaching or collector in foam fractionation. However, at the present, there are not any references on the two synergetic effects of it for improving the separation efficiency of foam fractionation. So in this work, a surfactant‐assisted foam fractionation technology was developed to separate ginkgo flavonoids (GF) from the leaching solution of Ginkgo biloba leaves, where the surfactant played the dual roles of solubilizer and collector. The solubilization mechanism of GF by the surfactant of sodium dodecyl sulfate was mainly attributed to electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonds. The GF concentration reached 1.13 mg/mL under the optimal leaching conditions determined by response surface methodology. A two‐stage foam fractionation technology was developed for effectively enriching GF from the leaching solution, where the residual solution of the first stage was used as the loading solution of the second stage and the foamate of the second stage was used as the feeding solution of the first stage. Both the enrichment ratio and the recovery percentage of GF were improved, and they were 5.82% and 76.25%, respectively, under the optimum conditions. Finally, seven ingredients of GF in the foamate were identified by using HPLC‐MS/MS. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rheological behavior of polycarbonate/ultrafine octaphenyl silsesquioxane (OPS) composites
Authors: Cheng Baofa , Li Xiangmei , Hao Jianwei , Yang Rongjie 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTPolycarbonate (PC)/ultrafine polyhedral oligomeric octaphenyl silsesquioxane (OPS) composites were prepared by melt mixing method. The morphology and rheological behavior of PC/ultrafine OPS composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) melt indexer, high pressure capillary rheometer, and strain‐controlled rheometer. The SEM results show that ultrafine OPS is dispersed in PC as the size of submicron and has a good dispersion in PC matrix, and a certain extent compatibility between PC and ultrafine OPS is found. OPS aggregation is found through the cross section at high ultrafine OPS content. The results of melt flow index (MFI) and capillary rheometer indicate that ultrafine OPS can effectively decrease the apparent viscosity and improve the flow property and processability of PC matrix as a lubricant. The oscillatory rheological analysis indicates that the storage modulus increases with increasing OPS content, and the appeared platform of storage modulus exhibits the solid‐like behavior and the formation of three‐dimensional network in the composites. The complex viscosity of PC/OPS composite shows a quasi‐Newtonian regime at low OPS content and a typical shear‐thinning behavior at high OPS content. The Cole–Cole, Han, and van Gurp plots show that ultrafine OPS particle is compatible with PC at low content (≤3 wt %), and interaction between particle and particle is the major factor when OPS at high content (≥6 wt %). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43638.
A new biobased plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride) based on epoxidized cottonseed oil
Authors: Carbonell‐Verdu Alfredo , Garcia‐Sanoguera David , Jordá‐Vilaplana Amparo , Sanchez‐Nacher Lourdes , Balart Rafael 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe use of epoxidized cottonseed oil as plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride) was studied. The plasticizer content was set to 70 phr and the optimum isothermal curing conditions were studied in the temperature range comprised between 160 and 220 °C with varying curing times in the 7.5–17.5 min range. The influence of the curing conditions on overall performance of cured plastisols was followed by the evolution of mechanical properties (tensile tests with measurements of tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus), change in color, surface changes of fractured samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal transitions by differential scanning calorimetry, and migration in n‐hexane. The optimum mechanical features of cured plastisols are obtained for curing temperatures in the 190–220 °C range. For these curing conditions, fractography analysis by SEM gives evidences of full curing process as no PVC particles and free plasticizer can be found. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43642.