bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motherhood – a disturbed beginning: A review of a case series
Authors: Andrade M. , Rodrigues C. , Cardoso C. , Palma V. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPerinatal mental illness is one of the most frequent complications of pregnancy and the postpartum period. During the puerperium, the risk of developing a mental disease, such as a psychotic episode, is higher than in any other time in a woman's life.ObjectivesThe two main objectives are to describe a case series of 4 patients diagnosed with pospartum psychosis, and to synthesize the most important facets of this mental illness based on a literature review.AimsThe aim is to provide an overview of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of postpartum psychosis.MethodsThe four clinical cases are presented by describing the similar as opposed to the differential aspects between all patients, using the information obtained through successive clinical interviews and the case file. Research was accomplished through Clinical Key and PubMed (2005-2015) using the keywords: postpartum psychosis.ResultsIn all four cases, the patients developed symptoms of sleep disturbance, mood fluctuation, altered thinking process with delusions or obsessions, and bizarre behaviours. This occurred within the first four weeks after labour, which was in all cases an obstrutced labour. The data suggests that postpartum psychosis is a presentation of bipolar disorder. Clinical aspects and risk factors related to this perinatal complication all coincide with the cases presented.ConclusionsPostpartum psychosis is a rare presentation of perinatal mental illness. However, it presents itself, as a psychiatric emergency, and the early and correct assessment are crucial to reset the development of the mother–child bond.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Risk factors of anxiety and depressive symptoms in female patients experiencing intimate partner violence in Poland
Authors: Karakula-Juchnowicz H. , Lukasik P. , Morylowska-Topolska J. , Juchnowicz D. , Krukow P. , Flis M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThere is an evidence indicating that women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) quite common suffer from anxiety and depression, but predictors and protective factors are not well known in this group of patients.AimThe aim of the study was to try to find factor that are connected with higher rates of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the group of female patients experiencing IPV.MethodThe study was conducted in six randomly selected centers of primary health care (PHCs) in Lublin province. One hundred and two female patients experiencing IPV were administered a structured questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The sequential models were created with using backward stepwise multiple regression to investigate potential risk and protective factors connected with higher rates of anxiety and depression symptom in the group.ResultsIn a study group, 68% in Anxiety Subscale(A) and 56% in Depression Subscale of HADS (D) had positive scores. Living in the country (P = 0.003) was connected with higher scores in HADS-A (P = 0.003) but not in HADS-D. Experiencing physical violence was connected with higher score in HADS-D (P = 0.005), but not in HADS-A. Chronic physical illness (A P = 0.013; D P = 0.015), being unemployed (A P = 0.024; B P = 0.008), and experiencing economic violence (A P < 0.001; D P = 0.001) were connected with higher stores in both Subscales of HADS. Taking financial support (A P = 0.002, D P = 0.003) was the protective factor for both kinds of symptoms.ConclusionsSocio-economic factors have stronger influence on anxiety and depressive symptoms in women experiencing IPV than demographic factors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Pregnant patients admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit: An 18-months’ experience
Authors: Ozdemir A. , Bulanik D. , Aksoy-Poyraz C. , Cirakoglu E. , Enginkaya S. , Tomruk N.B. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveOur aim was to describe demographic data of pregnant patients admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit and analyze treatment preferences for acutely ill pregnant patients.MethodsA prospective chart review was carried out to identify pregnant patients who admitted to the inpatient unit during the period April 2014–September 2015. Details regarding their sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment data were obtained from these records for the study.ResultsThe total number of pregnant patients, admitted to our psychiatry inpatient clinic during the survey period was 15. The mean age of the patients was 30.33 (with a range of 21–38 years). Two thirds of the patients were hospitalized in the 1st trimester. Bipolar disorder (46.6%) was the most common diagnosis, followed by psychotic disorder (33%), and unipolar severe depression (20%). Eleven patients (67%) out of 15 had a psychiatric illness before getting pregnant. It was found that premenstrual syndrome was reported by 60% of patients. Haloperidol was the most frequently used psychotropic drug for the treatment of psychotic disorders and bipolar manic episodes.ConclusionThe information regarding the course of bipolar disorder in pregnancy is controversial. While some studies support the opinion that pregnancy appeared to have a protective effect against an increase in symptoms, others stress that the risk for relapse in the pregnancy period is high. It is noteworthy that the majority of our patients are bipolar patients in the 1st trimester. The abrupt cease of mood stabilizer use may lead to recurrence in bipolar disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Predictors of aggressive behavior among acute psychiatric patients: 5 years clinical study
Authors: Aparicio Reinoso T. , Gonzalez Parra S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe problem of violence and aggressive behaviour among patients with psychiatric disorders need careful assessment to improve the quality of psychiatric care.ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to describe the characteristics of repeated episodes of violence among patients admitted to a Psychiatric Ward, which is a total of 66 beds at Doctor Rodriguez Lafora Hospital from January 2009 to December 2014.MethodsWe designed a retrospective, longitudinal and observational study over a 5-year period in two brief hospitalization units of Doctor Rodriguez Lafora Hospital in Madrid. The main variables studied were: type of admission, diagnosis, age, trigger and shift.ResultsIn our study, we analyzed the prototypical person who carries out these episodes of aggression: a male between 31–40 years, diagnosed with psychotic disorder or personality disorder, involuntary admitted. This episode is associated as a main trigger to mood disturbances, lack of acceptance of standards and psychotic symptoms. These episodes occur more frequently in the afternoon shift one business day and often processed without injuries or minor bruises to other patients and/or nursing assistants. In our practice, we have observed that in most cases adequate verbal restraint in the beginning is sufficient to prevent the episode of aggression.ConclusionsUnderstand the aggressive factors can influence the production of violent behavior and the use of appropriate containment techniques may be considered a therapeutic option to prevent and address violent behavior in psychiatric patients hospitalized in brief hospitalization units.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Leganés Psychiatric Hospital in the early twentieth century (1900–1931): An approach to healthcare activity
Authors: Candela Ramírez R. , Conseglieri Gámez A. , Vázquez de la Torre Escalera P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionLeganés Psychiatric Hospital has been the subject of several studies about its institutional history and clinical activity. The first decades of the twentieth century are the less explored years; however, important events for the development and establishment of the discipline of psychiatry happened in Spain during this period.Objectives/aimsTo describe the clinical and therapeutic management of inpatients admitted to Leganés National Asylum between 1900 and 1931.Material and methodsThis is a retrospective case series study. We reviewed medical records found in the Historical Archives of Psychiatric Institute, Germany (n = 1043) of inpatients admitted between 1900 and 1931. We analyzed clinical care variables, mainly related to diagnosis and treatment, of the patients who were admitted during this period (n = 1043) with SPSS v21. We consulted bibliography, such as asylum documents and diverse primary and secondary literature.ResultsThe diagnosis of mania was very common in the early twentieth century. Lypemania nearly disappeared after 1910 and monomania was not observed in any patient. Delusions decreased after 1905. The first patient diagnosed with schizophrenia was admitted on 19th November 1921. From that moment, the use of this term increased significantly. Only 4.4% of patients admitted underwent treatment.ConclusionsWe confirmed the predominance of French nosology in the early twentieth century. From 1920, an increase in German nosography was observed. The application of treatments was rare.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Description of the activity of a psychiatric day hospital from its opening up to the present day
Authors: Duque Domínguez A. , Duque Domínguez R. , Martín Díaz L. , García Montero C. , Palomo Monge M. , Vaquero López M.D.L.N. , Pérez Arévalo E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDescription of the most relevant data found in a Psychiatric Day Hospital opened ten months ago in the hospital complex of Ávila.ObjectivesThe goal is to evaluate clinical and management data in patients of the Psychiatric Day Hospital.MethodsRetrospective cross-sectional descriptive study. A data collection form where each patient is classified into: sex, age, average stay, first admission or readmission, origin, reason for discharge, destination on discharge and diagnoses (classification ICD-10) was used.ResultsFrom the opening of the Psychiatric Day Hospital ten months ago, 58 patients have been admitted: 70.7% women and 29.3% men. Readmissions: 1.7%. Their origin was: psychiatric hospitalization (53.5%), outpatient department (31%), emergency room (13.8%) and Centre for Psychosocial Rehabilitation (1.7%). 41 out of 58 patients have been discharged. Reasons for discharge: improvement (78%), referral to other units (7.4%), voluntary discharge (4.8%) and others (9.8%). The destination on discharge was: outpatient department (90.4%), Centre for Psychosocial Rehabilitation (4.8%), and Inpatient Rehabilitation Unit (4.8%). The most frequent diagnoses on discharge were: bipolar affective disorder, adaptation, emotionally unstable personality disorder, dysthymia, persistent delusional disorders, specific personality disorders and severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms.ConclusionsThe Psychiatric Day Hospital is an intensive treatment unit with a partial hospitalization system, which is distinguished by the variety of patients it is able to admit, as well as the clinical and management benefits the dynamic of these units can provide.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Criteria and concurrent validity of DIVA 2.0: A semi-structured diagnostic interview for adult ADHD
Authors: Fadeuilhe Grau C. , Palma-Álvarez R.F. , Nasillo V. , Palomar G. , Corrales M. , Richarte V. , Van de Glind G. , Casas M. , Kooij J.J.S. , Ramos-Quiroga J.A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) prevalence in the general adult population is estimated to be between 2–4%. Despite the high prevalence, until recently there was only one validated semi-structured interview available for the accurate diagnostic assessment of ADHD within the adult population: the Conners Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV (CAADID).ObjectivesTo examine the concurrent validity of the DIVA 2.0 interview comparing the diagnostic rate with the CAADID interview. To analyse the criterion validity of the DIVA 2.0 in the Spanish language in an adult sample.AimsThe aim of this is to study was to evaluate criterion validity of the DIVA 2.0 in an adult sample comparing with the CAADID and other ADHD severity scales.MethodsA transversal study was performed to check the criteria and concurrent validity of the DIVA 2.0 compared to the CAADID.ResultsForty patients were recruited in an adult ADHD program at a university hospital. The DIVA 2.0 interview showed a diagnostic accuracy of 100% when compared with the diagnoses obtained with the CAADID interview and goods correlations with three self-reported rating scales: the WURS, the ADHD Rating Scale and Sheehan's’ Dysfunction Inventory.ConclusionsThe DIVA 2.0 has good psychometric properties and is a reliable tool for the assessment of ADHD in adults.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Group therapy for university students with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Furuhashi Y. , Shusuke F. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental syndromes characterized by deficits in communication, social interaction and imagination. These symptoms are present in the early developmental period, but may not be fully obvious until social demands exceed the child's limited capacities. In spite of its early presenting, this condition is not diagnosed until adult stage. In Japan, many patients with ASD were diagnosed after entering university, however, few treatment options are available. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy in university students with ASD.MethodsA one-group, pre-intervention-post-intervention design was adapted for this study. All patients with ASD were recruited from Shizuoka University. The group therapy programs consisted of cognitive behavioral therapy and recreational activity. Outcome measures were Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, Quality of Life Inventory, State Trait Anxiety Inventory and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.ResultsThere were 14 participants, 7 males and 7 females. Their ages were from 19-years-old to 23-years-old. All participants had over 80% of attendance in the six-month group therapy.ConclusionsThese preliminary results suggest that the group therapy can improve symptoms of depression and anxiety for some students with ASD. More research is needed to draw more sturdy conclusions, especially with respect to improvements in quality of life.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Practical teaching of behavioral sciences to medical students
Authors: Hammouda M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe teaching of behavioral sciences was in form of lectures to the medical students in the 2nd year of the college, because the lecture is the least beneficial method of teaching. As I have noticed also that students were more interested to practice behavioral skills. So I suggested to the authority of the faculty to teach part of the behavioral sciences in a practical way and proposal of that was introduced and accepted to teach in that way and to give 20% of marks to this practical part, this in addition to the same theoretical lectures.MethodThe students were divided into groups of 30, every group present one day only through their 2nd year. This day divided into two parts each is 2 hours and in between have an hour break. The 1st part includes group discussion about communication, group dynamics, group leading and scientific way of problem solving. The 2nd part is dividing students into small groups of 10 students, to practice the previous skills in group interaction to solve one problem in a scientific way. All groups collected again to see what they have done.ResultsThe results revealed more interest and more enthusiasm to learn in that way and make it easy to practice in their daily life.ConclusionWe have to change into more practice in our teaching of medical students especially skills of human communication, group leading group dynamics as well as problem solving.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Aladashvili T. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDepression is common among patients with schizophrenia and is associated with a wide range of poor outcomes, including psychotic relapse and suicide. The aim of the study is to evaluate the presence of depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and to compare depression intensity in schizophrenic patients and patients with depressive disorder.MethodsIn this cross sectional study were included 40 patients from both genders. Patients were divided in 2 groups: (1) examined group: 20 schizophrenic patients who presented depressive symptomatology. Depressive symptoms-evaluated with the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Inclusion criteria: schizophrenic disorder by ICD-10 (F20.0-F20.9), total score higher than 7 on the HRSD-17 and age between 25 and 65; (2) control group: 20 patients with depressive disorder. Inclusion criteria: recurrent depressive disorder by ICD-10 (F33.0-F33.9), total score higher than 7 on the HRSD-17 and age between 25 and 65. Psychiatric rating scales for clinical evaluation of prominence of symptomatology: 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17) and PANSS (Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale).ResultsThe prevalence of patients with depressive symptoms among the schizophrenic patients was 45% i.e. out of 20 evaluated patients with schizophrenia, 9 showed depressive symptoms. The total score in the remaining 11 patients on the HRSD-17 was lower than 7 and they were excluded. Difference between the two groups for gender difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe percentage of patients with depressive symptoms among the patients with schizophrenic disorder was 45%. Schizophrenic patients more frequently presented mild and moderate depression in comparison to the control group. In the majority of subjects with schizophrenia and depressive symptoms positive schizophrenic symptomatology was predominant.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Formal caregivers’ perceptions of working in a home-based care for elderly
Authors: Laranjeira C. , Azeredo Z. , Guerra M. , Rodrigues C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPopulation aging is an issue increasingly gaining more prominence, as evidenced by the number of inquiries regarding the “problems” that this entails for society. This leads to a need to understand the role of caregiver for the elderly as the central figure of support in old age.AimThe purpose of this study was to describe formal caregivers’ perceptions of working conditions, difficulties and factors associated with quality of care in a Portuguese home-based care for elderly.MethodsThe participants were 8 formal caregivers whose profession falls under the categories of Direct Action Helper and Auxiliary Workers. The data were collected through individual face-to-face interviews and analysed using a content analysis following Bardin's method.ResultsThe results show that the sample is female, aged from 32 to 53 years, with a professional exercise time between 8 and 16 years. Regarding the main conclusions of our research, we can say that our group of participants has a strong sense of team work which contributes to avoid situations of physical and emotional exhaustion; mostly caregivers can separate their personal and professional lives; there are some difficulties in communication between the caregivers and the elderly, however the most difficult situations are usually overcome due to the caregiver's understanding of the characteristics of institutionalized elderly; the matter of death is frequently seen as the most difficult situation to face.ConclusionsThe caregivers should have an awareness of the importance of kindness and respect, supporting positive thoughts and help the older people to retain control over their lives.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The meaning of fatigue compassion in the context of healthcare
Authors: Laranjeira C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionStudies confirm that caregivers play host to a high level of compassion fatigue. Day in, day out, nurses struggle to function in care giving environments that constantly present heart wrenching, emotional challenges.AimThis concept analysis will aim to capture the current meaning of fatigue compassion in the context of healthcare and explore how it may be recognised and measured in education and clinical practice.MethodsUsing the same search terms, findings from a literature search in 2000 and from a follow-up search in 2014 were used to conduct the concept analysis. The Walker and Avant theorethical framework was used to develop a model case of fatigue compassion in nursing care. The attributes, antecedents, consequences and references were delineated.ResultsFour attributes of fatigue compassion were delineated. (1) Perceptual incongruence and appraising defines how an individual perceives role demand in relation to capabilities or resources. (2) Multidimensionality consists of physiological and psychological effects on a person. (3) Interactional feedback is the experienced acknowledgement/validation communicated by others during compassive stressful situations at a workplace. (4) Response pattern describes the coping mechanisms used by an individual experiencing fatigue compassion.ConclusionsThe concept analysis of fatigue compassion among nurses at the workplace recognized the vulnerability of the nursing discipline towards distress in general. There needs to be greater research within the field of role stress and nursing, specifically in the development of scales or tools to assist in the identification of fatigue compassion amongst nurses.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Hypersensitivity to electricity: What place in clinical psychiatry?
Authors: Maria Iulia V. , Diane B.D. 
Published: May 2016

Hypersensitivity to electricity (EHS) is a self-defined syndrome where individuals experience symptoms while using or being in the proximity of equipment or devices that use electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields. We present the case of a 45-year-old patient who received an EHS diagnosis several years ago. This patient was first sent to us for hospitalization in the psychiatric ward with mystic delusions and secondary behavior disorders. He had no remarkable psychiatric history and the thorough somatic examinations performed showed no anomaly. The EHS had first appeared 10 years ago with associated symptoms like fatigue, dizziness, headache, cognitive disturbances, as well as physically painful sensations. These symptoms had become gradually invalidating, preventing the patient from pursuing his professional activity. Nevertheless, he maintained his social and familial obligations, and, together with his wife, was still able to care for his 2 children. The patient presented, in the emergency ward, with delusions of mystical and persecuting nature of multiple mechanisms with total adherence. The initial symptomatology gradually improved under antipsychotic treatment without any real improvement of the EHS complaint. This case brought several questions. What is the place of the EHS diagnosis within the framework of a delirious episode? Is there a link between these two diagnoses and more generally is there a psychiatric profile more frequently found in EHS patients?Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.