bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twenty-first century climate change and submerged aquatic vegetation in a temperate estuary: the case of Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Arnold Thomas M. , Zimmerman Richard C. , Engelhardt Katharina A. M. , Stevenson J. Court 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The Chesapeake Bay was once renowned for expansive meadows of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). However, only 10% of the original meadows survive. Future restoration efforts will be complicated by accelerating climate change, including physiological stressors such as a predicted mean temperature increase of 2–6°C and a 50–160% increase in CO
2
concentrations.

Outcomes:
As the Chesapeake Bay begins to exhibit characteristics of a subtropical estuary, summer heat waves will become more frequent and severe. Warming alone would eventually eliminate eelgrass (
Zostera marina)
from the region. It will favor native heat-tolerant species such as widgeon grass (
Ruppia maritima
) while facilitating colonization by non-native seagrasses (e.g.,
Halodule
spp.). Intensifying human activity will also fuel coastal zone acidification and the resulting high CO
2
/low pH conditions may benefit SAV
via
a

“CO
2
fertilization effect.”

Discussion:
Acidification is known to offset the effects of thermal stress and may have similar effects in estuaries, assuming water clarity is sufficient to support CO
2
-stimulated photosynthesis and plants are not overgrown by epiphytes. However, coastal zone acidification is variable, driven mostly by local biological processes that may or may not always counterbalance the effects of regional warming. This precarious equipoise between two forces – thermal stress and acidification – will be critically important because it may ultimately determine the fate of cool-water plants such as
Zostera marina
in the Chesapeake Bay.

Conclusion:
The combined impacts of warming, coastal zone acidification, water clarity, and overgrowth of competing algae will determine the fate of SAV communities in rapidly changing temperate estuaries.
Indigenous knowledge as data for modern fishery management: a case study of Dungeness crab in Pacific Canada
Authors: Ban Natalie C , Eckert Lauren , McGreer Madeleine , Frid Alejandro 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Fisheries management is often data-limited, and conducted at spatial scales that are too large to address the needs of Indigenous peoples, whose cultures depend upon the local availability of marine resources.

Outcomes:
We combined Indigenous ecological knowledge with simulation modelling to inform modern fishery management. Semi-structured interviews with Indigenous fishers in coastal British Columbia, Canada, uncovered severe declines in the abundance and catches of Dungeness crab (
Cancer magister
) since the 1990s. We modelled the current probability of “successful“ crab harvesting trips—as defined by expectations from past catches by Indigenous fishers—using fishery-independent data from nine sites. These probabilities were very low (<20%) for all sites except one.

Discussion:
Our study highlights that local depletions, which Indigenous fishers attribute to commercial and recreational fisheries, have been widespread and undetected by federal managers who manage Dungeness crab at regional scales without fishery-independent data. Further, local depletions impacted the ability of Indigenous fishers to access traditional foods.

Conclusion:
Integrating Indigenous knowledge with scientific research is crucial to inform locally-relevant fisheries management and conservation.
Distribution patterns of plant communities and their associations with environmental soil factors on the eastern shore of Lake Taihu, China
Authors: Li Wei , Cui Lijuan , Sun Baodi , Zhao Xinsheng , Gao Changjun , Zhang Yan , Zhang Manyin , Pan Xu , Lei Yinru , Ma Wu 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Plant communities and soil factors might interact with each other in different temporal and spatial scales, which can influence the patterns and processes of the wetland ecosystem. To get a better understanding of the distribution of plants in wetlands and analyze their associations with environmental soil factors, the structure and types of plant communities in the eastern shore area of Lake Taihu were analyzed by two-way indicator species analysis and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination. The spatial distribution patterns of vegetation and the main factors affecting the distributions were investigated.
Outcomes:
Sixty-six sampling sites were selected to obtain vegetation species and soil environmental factor data. Results showed that 22 species from the 66 sites could be divided into seven communities: I:
Arundo donax
; II:
A. donax + Phragmites australis
; III:
Zizania latifolia
+
Typha orientalis
; IV:
P. australis + Alternanthera philoxeroides + Polygonum hydropiper
; V:
P. australis
; VI:
P. australis + Humulus scandens
; and VII:
Erigeron acer + Ipomoea batatas + Rumex acetosa
. Plant species and soil factors in the CCA analysis showed that
I. batatas
,
E. acer, Chenopodium album, Polygonum lapathifolium
, and
Acalypha australis
were mainly affected by pH, whereas
Echinochloa crus-galli
,
Setaria viridis
, and
H. scandens
were mainly affected by soil total phosphorus.
Mentha canadensis
and
A. donax
were mainly affected by soil conductivity,
A. philoxeroides
was mainly affected by soil organic matter and,
Z. latifolia, Metaplexis japonica
and
P. hydropiper
were mainly affected by available phosphorus.
Conclusion:
These results indicated that different plants adapted to different soil environmental factors and provided basic information on the diversity of Lake Taihu wetland vegetation.
Comprehensive review and empirical analysis of hallmarks of DNA-, RNA- and protein-binding residues in protein chains
Authors: Zhang Jian , Ma Zhiqiang , Kurgan Lukasz 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Proteins interact with a variety of molecules including proteins and nucleic acids. We review a comprehensive collection of over 50 studies that analyze and/or predict these interactions. While majority of these studies address either solely protein–DNA or protein–RNA binding, only a few have a wider scope that covers both protein–protein and protein–nucleic acid binding. Our analysis reveals that binding residues are typically characterized with three hallmarks: relative solvent accessibility (RSA), evolutionary conservation and propensity of amino acids (AAs) for binding. Motivated by drawbacks of the prior studies, we perform a large-scale analysis to quantify and contrast the three hallmarks for residues that bind DNA-, RNA-, protein- and (for the first time) multi-ligand-binding residues that interact with DNA and proteins, and with RNA and proteins. Results generated on a well-annotated data set of over 23 000 proteins show that conservation of binding residues is higher for nucleic acid- than protein-binding residues. Multi-ligand-binding residues are more conserved and have higher RSA than single-ligand-binding residues. We empirically show that each hallmark discriminates between binding and nonbinding residues, even predicted RSA, and that combining them improves discriminatory power for each of the five types of interactions. Linear scoring functions that combine these hallmarks offer good predictive performance of residue-level propensity for binding and provide intuitive interpretation of predictions. Better understanding of these residue-level interactions will facilitate development of methods that accurately predict binding in the exponentially growing databases of protein sequences.
Magnetic reheating
Authors: Saga Shohei , Tashiro Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Shuichiro 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We provide a new bound on the amplitude of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) by using a novel mechanism, magnetic reheating. The damping of the magnetohydrodynamics fluid motions in a primordial plasma brings the dissipation of the PMFs. In the early Universe with z ≳ 2 × 106, cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons are quickly thermalized with the dissipated energy and shift to a different Planck distribution with a new temperature. In other words, the PMF dissipation changes the baryon-to-photon number ratio, and we name such a process magnetic reheating. From the current baryon-to-photon number ratio obtained from the big bang nucleosynthesis and CMB observations, we put the strongest constraint on the PMFs on small scales which CMB observations cannot access, B0 ≲ 1.0 μG at the scales 104 &lt; k &lt; 108 h Mpc−1. Moreover, when the PMF spectrum is given in a blue power-law type, the magnetic reheating puts a quite strong constraint, for example, B0 ≲ 10−17, 10−23, and 10−29 nG at 1 comoving Mpc for nB = 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0, respectively. This constraint would give an impact on generation mechanisms of PMFs in the early Universe.
Endoscopic transluminal debridement of the pancreas
Authors: Rabbat George , Rocha Jaime Teran 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Most patients with acute pancreatitis will develop edematous pancreatitis with a mild course and spontaneous resolution within several days to a few weeks. However, about 20% of patients will develop necrotizing pancreatitis, which carries a high mortality. This case report focuses on a patient with infected necrosis of the pancreas, which is managed with endoscopic transluminal debridement, a safe alternative to open surgery.
Intergenerational Consequences: Women's Experiences of Discrimination in Pregnancy Predict Infant Social-Emotional Development at 6 Months and 1 Year
Authors: Rosenthal Lisa , Earnshaw Valerie A. , Moore Joan M. , Ferguson Darrah N. , Lewis Tené T. , Reid Allecia E. , Lewis Jessica B. , Stasko Emily C. , Tobin Jonathan N. , Ickovics Jeannette R. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT:Objective:Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in infant development in the United States have lifelong consequences. Discrimination predicts poorer health and academic outcomes. This study explored for the first time intergenerational consequences of women's experiences of discrimination reported during pregnancy for their infants' social-emotional development in the first year of life.Methods:Data come from a longitudinal study with predominantly Black and Latina, socioeconomically disadvantaged, urban young women (N = 704, Mage= 18.53) across pregnancy through 1 year postpartum. Women were recruited from community hospitals and health centers in a Northeastern US city. Linear regression analyses examined whether women's experiences of everyday discrimination reported during pregnancy predicted social-emotional development outcomes among their infants at 6 months and 1 year of age, controlling for potentially confounding medical and sociodemographic factors. Path analyses tested if pregnancy distress, anxiety, or depressive symptoms mediated significant associations.Results:Everyday discrimination reported during pregnancy prospectively predicted greater inhibition/separation problems and greater negative emotionality, but did not predict attention skills or positive emotionality, at 6 months and 1 year. Depressive symptoms mediated the association of discrimination with negative emotionality at 6 months, and pregnancy distress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms mediated the association of discrimination with negative emotionality at 1 year.Conclusion:Findings support that there are intergenerational consequences of discrimination, extending past findings to infant social-emotional development outcomes in the first year of life. It may be important to address discrimination before and during pregnancy and enhance support to mothers and infants exposed to discrimination to promote health equity across the life span.
Caregivers' Priorities and Observed Outcomes of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medication for Their Children
Authors: Ross Melissa , Nguyen Vy , Bridges John F. P. , Ng Xinyi , Reeves Gloria , Frosch Emily , dosReis Susan 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To document variability among caregivers' priorities when considering medication to treat their Children's attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and explore associations between these priorities and medication-related improvements.

Methods:
Caregivers of children, ages 4 to 14 years, diagnosed with ADHD were recruited from outpatient clinics and support groups across Maryland. A survey gathered data on caregiver-reported concerns when considering ADHD medication, demographic characteristics, and observed and desired improvements in their child's ADHD. A validated Best-Worst Scaling instrument assessed priorities among 16 concerns when considering ADHD medication. Latent class analysis identified subgroups with similar ADHD medication concerns. Differences in self-reported medication-related improvements were examined across subgroups.

Results:
The 184 participants (mean = 42 yrs) were primarily the biological mother, 68% white and 25% black. Their children were mostly male (73%) and using medication (81%). Overall, the most important ADHD medication concerns were the child becoming a successful adult (p < 0.0001), school behavior improvements (p < 0.0001), and better grades (p < 0.0001). Others thinking badly of the child was a significantly less important concern (p < 0.0001). Three subgroups were identified: short-term outcomes-oriented group (39%), long-term outcomes-oriented group (37%), and side effects/safety-oriented group (27%). Relative to the other 2 groups, a smaller proportion of the side effects/safety-oriented group desired these improvements (p < 0.2618).

Conclusion:
Most caregivers prioritize short- and long-term outcomes when considering ADHD medication. However, those most concerned with long- or short-term outcomes tended to desire additional improvements in their child's ADHD.
Corneal Cross-Linking With Verteporfin and Nonthermal Laser Therapy
Authors: Alageel Saleh A. , Arafat Samer N. , Salvador-Culla Borja , Kolovou Paraskevi E. , Jahanseir Khadijeh , Kozak Adam , Braithwaite Gavin J. C. , Ciolino Joseph B. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To test whether verteporfin with a nonthermal laser increases corneal mechanical stiffness and resistance to enzymatic degradation ex vivo.

Methods:
Thirty human corneas (n = 5 per group) were treated with verteporfin alone (V), irradiated with nonthermal laser therapy (689 nm) alone (NTL), or received combined treatment of verteporfin with nonthermal laser therapy for 1 sequence (V+NTL1) or 6 sequences (V+NTL6) of 1 minute of NTL exposure. Positive controls were pretreated with 0.1% riboflavin/20% dextran every 3 to 5 minutes for 30 minutes and irradiated with ultraviolet light type A (λ = 370 nm, irradiance = 3 mW/cm2) for 30 minutes using the Dresden protocol (R+UVA). Untreated corneas were used as negative controls. The corneal biomechanical properties were measured with enzymatic digestion, compression, creep, and tensile strength testing.

Results:
V+NTL6- and R+UVA-treated corneas acquired higher rigidity and more pronounced curvature than untreated corneas. The stress–strain tests showed that V+NTL6 and R+UVA corneas became significantly stiffer than controls (P < 0.005). The V+NTL6 group seemed to be slightly stiffer than the R+UVA group, although the differences were not statistically significant. V+NTL6 corneas were found to have a significantly lower absolute creep rate (−1.87 vs. −3.46, P < 0.05) and significantly higher maximum stress values (7.67 vs. 3.02 P < 0.05) compared with untreated corneas.

Conclusions:
Verteporfin-NTL (V+NTL6) increases corneal mechanical stiffness and resistance to enzymatic collagenase degradation. Although a clinical study is needed, our results suggest that V+NTL6 induces corneal cross-linking and corneal biomechanical changes that are similar to those induced by standard corneal collagen cross-linking.
Acute Angle-closure Glaucoma as a First Presentation of Coats’ Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Amro Mazen , Haydar Ali A. , El-Khoury Sylvain , Tomey Karim F. , Cherfan George , Khoueir Ziad 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to report an unusual first manifestation of Coats’ disease presenting as an acute angle-closure glaucoma attack in an adult patient.

Patients and Methods:
A 37-year-old African woman presented to the emergency department with severe headache, ocular pain, and no light perception in the left eye. The left pupil was middilated and nonreactive, and the intraocular pressure (IOP) by applanation tonometry was 47 mm Hg. Slit-lamp examination revealed anterior subcapsular opacification (glaukomflecken), posterior synechiae, and total angle closure with iris bombé. A fundus examination revealed macular exudation, inferior vascular dilation, and tortuosity with peripheral telangiectasia and macroaneurysms, in addition to partial exudative retinal detachment involving the macula. On the basis of these findings, Coats’ disease was diagnosed.

Results:
The patient was treated with antiglaucoma medications and laser peripheral iridotomy to control the IOP, which had decreased to 21 mm Hg the following day. Diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation was performed to further decrease the IOP. After completing a 360 degree laser, the IOP decreased to 8 mm Hg and then stabilized around 12 mm Hg. The vision remained no light perception; however, the patient felt major symptomatic relief.

Conclusions:
The present case describes acute angle-closure glaucoma as an initial presentation of Coats’ disease in adults. Clinicians should be aware that this unique presentation in Coats’ disease can occur even without retinal detachment.
Prediction of Vestibular Imbalance in Acute Peripheral Vestibulopathy by Measuring Horizontal Ocular Deviation on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Yang Yeon-Jun , Kim Kun Woo , Choi Ji Eun , Lee Min Young , Yoo Dong Soo , Jung Jae Yun 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
The aim of the study is to evaluate whether horizontal ocular deviation (OD) from MR imaging in the emergency room (ER) reflects vestibular imbalance, by comparing the horizontal OD in patients with acute vestibulopathy to controls.

Study Design:
Retrospective review.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 69 patients with acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy and 30 healthy subjects were included. Horizontal OD was quantified by using the axial T2-weighted fast-spin echo (FSE) images of the brain at 1.5 T. In the study group, the results of VFTs (videonystagmography [VNG], caloric test, rotary chair test, and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials [cVEMP]) were also reviewed. The averaged angle of right and left horizontal ODs was compared between patients with acute unilateral vestibulopathy and healthy controls. Also, the correlation between horizontal OD and results of VFTs was analyzed in the study group.

Results:
The averaged angle of horizontal OD in study group (23.7° ± 11.6°) was significantly greater than that of control group (4.27° ± 3.7°) (p < 0.05). Horizontal OD significantly correlated with slow phase velocity of spontaneous nystagmus (SN), the value of caloric paresis (CP) on caloric testing, rotary chair gain, asymmetry ratio of rotary chair test and interaural difference (IAD) of cVEMP, regardless of time intervals between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and VFTs.

Conclusions:
Horizontal OD significantly correlated with parameters of VFT which reflect the vestibular imbalance. Therefore, horizontal OD can be used as an indicator of unilateral peripheral vestibular weakness.
Payments and Utilization of Immunization Services Among Children Enrolled in Fee-for-Service Medicaid
Authors: Tsai Yuping 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
To examine the association between state Medicaid vaccine administration fees and children’s receipt of immunization services.

Methods:
The study used the 2008–2012 Medicaid Analytic eXtract data and included children aged 0–17 years and continuously enrolled in a Medicaid fee-for-service plan in each study year. Analyses were restricted to 8 states with a Medicaid managed-care penetration rate <75%. Linear regressions were used to estimate the probability of children making ≥1 vaccination visit and the numbers of vaccination visits in the year as a function of state Medicaid vaccine administration fees, age group, sex, race/ethnicity, state unemployment rate, state managed-care penetration rate, and state and year-fixed effects.

Results:
A total of 1,678,288 children were included. In 2008–2012, the average proportion of children making ≥1 vaccination visit per year was 31% and the mean number of vaccination visits was 0.9. State Medicaid reimbursements for vaccine administration was positively associated with immunization service utilization; for every $1 increase in the payment amount, the probability of children making ≥1 vaccination visit increased by 0.72 percentage point (95% confidence interval, 0.23–1.21; P=0.01), representing a 2% increase from the mean and the number of vaccination visits increased by 0.03 (95% confidence interval, −0.00 to 0.06; P<0.1). The estimated effect was greater among younger children.

Conclusion:
Higher Medicaid reimbursements for vaccine administration were associated with increased proportion of children receiving immunization services.
Cholesterol metabolism in humans: a review of methods and comparison of results
Authors: Millar John S. , Cuchel Marina 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
Cholesterol metabolism has been the object of intense investigation for decades. This review focuses on classical and novel methods assessing in vivo cholesterol metabolism in humans. Two factors have fueled cholesterol metabolism studies in the last few years: the renewed interest in the study of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) as an atheroprotective mechanism and the importance of the gut microbiome in affecting cholesterol metabolism.

Recent findings
Recent applications of these methods have spanned from the assessment of the effect on cholesterol synthesis, absorption or excretion of drugs (such as ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors and plant sterols) and the gut microbiome to the more complex assessment of transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE) and RCT.

Summary
These methods continue to be a valuable tool to answer novel questions and investigate the complexity of in-vivo cholesterol metabolism.
New instrumentations in the operating room for sinus surgery
Authors: Khanna Aman , Sama Anshul 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
The article reviews the advancements in instrumentation in the operating room that augment the speed, safety or outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The article aims to update the Rhinologist on recent perioperative instruments that may benefit their practice.

Recent findings
The greatest advancements in the recent years have been in the field of visualization and optics. The introduction of high definition and ultra high definition 4K camera and screens supported by improvements with three-dimensional and variable angled endoscopes have greatly enhanced the quality and range of the visual information available to the sinus surgeon. This is closely supported by flexibility and enhanced functionality of the powered instrumentation with bipolar, monopolar and malleable blades and ever increasing more powerful burs.

Summary
Recent years have seen notable developments in the areas of optics, cameras and powered instruments to support the sinus surgeon. This article summarizes these developments and highlights the major benefits of these developments.