bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Holocene Great Belt connection to the southern Kattegat, Scandinavia: Ancylus Lake drainage and Early Littorina Sea transgression
Authors: Bendixen Carina , Jensen Jørn B. , Boldreel Lars O. , Clausen Ole R. , Bennike Ole , Seidenkrantz Marit‐Solveig , Nyberg Johan , Hübscher Christian 
Published: December 2015

Late‐ and postglacial geological evolution of the southern Kattegat connection to the Great Belt was investigated from high‐resolution seismic data and radiocarbon‐dated sediment cores in order to elucidate the Ancylus Lake drainage/Littorina Sea transgression. It was found that glacial deposits form the acoustic basement and are covered by Lateglacial (LG) marine sediments and postglacial (PG; Holocene) material. The LG deposits form a highstand systems tract, whereas the PG deposits cover a full depositional sequence, consisting of a lowstand systems tract (PG I), transgressive systems tract (PG II; subdivided into three parasequences) and finally a highstand systems tract (PG III). PG I sand deposits (11.7–10.8 cal. ka BP) are found in a major western channel and in a secondary eastern channel. PG II (10.8–9.8 cal. ka BP) consists of estuarine and coastal deposits linked to an estuary located at the mouth of the channels. Both channels drained fresh water from south to north. The PG III, that is younger than 9.8 cal. ka BP, represents the threshold marine flooding at the southeastern branch of the palaeo‐Great Belt channel. At 9.3 cal. ka BP, fully marine conditions were established, shortly before the flooding of the threshold to the northern part of the Great Belt. These early Holocene spits and sand bars are preserved as features on the present seabed, probably as a result of the rapid sea‐level rise that led to back‐stepping of the early Holocene palaeo‐coast system. This study shows no evidence of major erosion or delta deposition linked to the emptying of the Ancylus Lake, which suggests that continuous water flow from the south characterized the area, without any major drainage event of the Ancylus Lake impacting the southwestern Kattegat.
High‐resolution evolution of terrigenous sediment yields in the Provence Basin during the last 6 Ma: relation with climate and tectonics
Authors: Leroux Estelle , Rabineau Marina , Aslanian Daniel , Gorini Christian , Molliex Stéphane , Bache Francois , Robin Cécile , Droz Laurence , Moulin Maryline , Poort Jeffrey , Rubino Jean‐Loup , Suc Jean‐Pierre 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBasin‐wide correlation of Messinian units and Plio‐Quaternary chronostratigraphic markers (5.3 Ma, 2.6 Ma, 0.9 Ma and 0.45 Ma), the mapping of total sediment thickness and the determination of overall sedimentary volumes enabled us to provide a high‐resolution quantitative history of sediment volumes for the last 6 Ma along the Gulf of Lions margin. The results point to (i) a dramatic increase in terrigenous sediment input during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. This increased sedimentation reflects enhanced regional fluvial erosion related to the dramatic fall of Mediterranean base‐level. Stronger weathering due to a regional wetter climate probably also increased erosional fluxes. (ii) A sediment input three times higher during the Plio‐Quaternary compared to the Miocene seems in agreement with published measurements from World's ocean. However, the timing of this increase being uncertain, it implies that the trigger(s) also remain(s) uncertain. (iii) A decrease in detrital volume around 2.6 Ma is attributed to a regional change in the drainage pattern of rivers in the northwestern Alps. (iv) This study also highlights the Mid‐Pleistocene Revolution around 0.9 Ma, which resulted in an almost doubling of sediment input in the Provencal Basin.
Iconicity and the Emergence of Combinatorial Structure in Language
Authors: Verhoef Tessa , Kirby Simon , de Boer Bart 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn language, recombination of a discrete set of meaningless building blocks forms an unlimited set of possible utterances. How such combinatorial structure emerged in the evolution of human language is increasingly being studied. It has been shown that it can emerge when languages culturally evolve and adapt to human cognitive biases. How the emergence of combinatorial structure interacts with the existence of holistic iconic form‐meaning mappings in a language is still unknown. The experiment presented in this paper studies the role of iconicity and human cognitive learning biases in the emergence of combinatorial structure in artificial whistled languages. Participants learned and reproduced whistled words for novel objects with the use of a slide whistle. Their reproductions were used as input for the next participant, to create transmission chains and simulate cultural transmission. Two conditions were studied: one in which the persistence of iconic form‐meaning mappings was possible and one in which this was experimentally made impossible. In both conditions, cultural transmission caused the whistled languages to become more learnable and more structured, but this process was slightly delayed in the first condition. Our findings help to gain insight into when and how words may lose their iconic origins when they become part of an organized linguistic system.
High prevalence of colon adenomas in end‐stage kidney disease patients on hemodialysis undergoing renal transplant evaluation
Authors: Saumoy Monica , Jesudian Arun B. , Aden Brandon , Serur David , Sundararajan Subha , Sivananthan Geethan , Gambarin‐Gelwan Maya 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) on hemodialysis (HD) undergoing kidney transplant evaluation are at higher risk for colonic neoplasia than the general population. This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with ESKD who underwent a first screening colonoscopy while undergoing kidney transplant evaluation. Data were collected on the prevalence of adenomatous polyps and advanced adenomas in 70 patients with ESKD and 70 controls, undergoing their first screening colonoscopy, matched for age, gender, and endoscopist. At the time of the colonoscopy, an average time on HD was 3.2 ± 2.9 yr. The prevalence of adenomatous polyps was significantly higher in ESKD on HD (54.3% vs. 32.9%, p = 0.008) than in controls. In a multivariate analysis controlling for other factors, ESKD on HD remained a risk factor for the presence of adenomas (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.21, 7.73). No colonoscopy‐related complications were reported in the patients with ESKD on HD. We demonstrate a significantly higher prevalence of adenomatous polyps in patients with ESKD undergoing a first screening colonoscopy as part of kidney transplant evaluation. In addition, colonoscopy can be safely performed in this population.
Biography of a Road: Past and Present of the Siberian Doroga Lena
Authors: Argounova‐Low Tatiana , Prisyazhnyi Mikhail 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis article examines the Lena Road (Doroga Lena), which is situated in the eastern part of Russia and stretches through the southern and central parts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). A former traditional path, it was developed into a corridor for accessing rich mineral resources in the area during the Soviet period. The road is associated with the socialist past and its meta‐narrative that highlights roads’ industrial profile. In this article the authors investigate the road's history through a biographical approach that incorporates biographies of people whose lives were linked to and shaped by the Lena Road. Such a biographical approach redirects the attention from a history written by a dominant totalitarian regime with its ideological prescriptions, towards the particular, individual and private, as well as highlighting the importance of people's contribution in creating the road and history.
Highly variable mutational profile of ASXL1 in myelofibrosis
Authors: Sorigué Marc , Ribera Josep‐Maria , García Olga , Cabezón Marta , Vélez Patricia , Marcé Silvia , Xicoy Blanca , Fernández Cristalina , Buch Joan , Cortes Montserrat , Plensa Esther , Gallardo David , Boqué Concepción , Feliu Evarist , Zamora Lurdes 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveSomatic mutations in ASXL1 seem to have a negative prognostic impact in patients with several myeloid neoplasms, including myelofibrosis (MF). The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence and profile of ASXL1 mutations in MF.MethodsWe analyzed mutations in ASXL1 in 70 consecutive MF patients from 8 Spanish hospitals by means of Sanger sequencing, as well as JAK2, CALR, and MPL mutations.ResultsASXL1 mutations were found in 16/70 (23%) of cases, most commonly p.Gly646TrpfsX12 (5/16). Most mutations (13/16) were frameshift mutations. Of 54 ASXL1‐ wild‐type patients, 32 (59%) had at least one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), 27 of them had g.78128C>T, g.79017A>C, and g.79085T>C [triple SNP (TSNP) patients]. The 5‐yr overall survival probability of TSNP patients was 67% (95% CI, 43–91%) vs. 90% (95% CI, 77–100%) in ASXL1‐WT patients (P = 0.152).ConclusionASXL1 mutations were found in 23% of cases, p.Gly646TrpfsX12 being the most frequent. About 85% of mutations were found only in individual cases and 46% had not previously been reported, a pattern also seen in other series. Fifty percent of ASXL1‐WT patients had a combination of three specific SNPs that might have a prognostic correlation that needs to be determined in larger series.
Intramuscular dissociation of echogenicity in the triceps surae characterizes sporadic inclusion body myositis
Authors: Nodera H. , Takamatsu N. , Matsui N. , Mori A. , Terasawa Y. , Shimatani Y. , Osaki Y. , Maruyama K. , Izumi Y. , Kaji R. 
Published: December 2015

Background and purposeDifferential diagnosis of sporadic inclusion body myositis (s‐IBM) and polymyositis (PM)/dermatomyositis (DM) is difficult and can affect proper disease management. Detection of heterogeneous muscular involvement in s‐IBM by muscle sonography could be a unique diagnostic feature.MethodsSonography of the lower leg and forearm was performed in patients with s‐IBM, PM/DM and control subjects (n = 11 each). Echo intensities (EIs) of the adjacent muscles [medial head of the gastrocnemius versus soleus and the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) versus flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)] were scored by three blinded raters. The mean EIs of these muscles were compared using computer‐assisted histogram analysis.ResultsBoth evaluation methods showed high echoic signals in the gastrocnemius of patients with s‐IBM. EIs were significantly different between the gastrocnemius and soleus in patients with s‐IBM, but not in those with DM/PM and the controls. In the forearm, although the EI of the FDP was higher in the s‐IBM group than in the other groups, the EI differences between the FDP and FCU did not differ significantly between disease groups. The difference in area under the curves to differentiate between s‐IBM and DM/PM was greatest between the gastrocnemius−soleus EIs (0.843; P = 0.006).ConclusionsHigh echoic signals in the medial gastrocnemius compared with those of the soleus are suggestive of s‐IBM over PM/DM.
Extensive blooming artifact predicts no recanalization after intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Yan S. , Chen Q. , Zhang X. , Xu M. , Han Q. , Shao A. , Liebeskind D. S. , Lou M. 
Published: December 2015

Background and purposeHemosiderin exhibits a stronger T2 shortening effect than deoxyhemoglobin. The extent of the ‘blooming artifact’ may therefore reflect a composition of different iron forms. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between extent of susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) width beyond the lumen and middle cerebral artery (MCA) recanalization.MethodsClinical and imaging data from consecutive acute ischaemic stroke patients with MCA occlusion who underwent susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) before intravenous thrombolysis were examined. The source images of magnitude and angiography were used to obtain the width of SVS and MCA at the interface, respectively.ResultsThe presence of MCA SVS was observed in 64 patients on initial SWI scans and recanalization was observed in 30 (46.9%) patients. The overestimation ratio of thrombus width on SWI was an acceptable predictor for no recanalization [odds ratio 1.360 per 0.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.093−1.691; P = 0.006]. The optimal cut‐off point was identified at 1.943, and this yielded a sensitivity of 67.6% and a specificity of 86.7%. Extensive blooming artifact, defined as overestimation ratio ≥2, independently predicted no recanalization (odds ratio 9.687, 95% CI 1.974−47.545; P = 0.005) and unfavorable outcome (odds ratio 4.916, 95% CI 1.049−23.051; P = 0.043).ConclusionsThe extent of SVS width beyond the lumen might reflect the content of hemosiderin. An extreme overestimation ratio might indicate aged thrombus, which may be resistant to thrombolysis.
Up‐regulation of P2X7 receptor–mediated inhibition of GABA uptake by nerve terminals of the human epileptic neocortex
Authors: Barros‐Barbosa Aurora R. , Fonseca Ana L. , Guerra‐Gomes Sónia , Ferreirinha Fátima , Santos Agostinho , Rangel Rui , Lobo M. Graça , Correia‐de‐Sá Paulo , Cordeiro J. Miguel 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectiveThirty percent of patients with epilepsy are refractory to medication. The majority of these patients have mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). This prompts for new pharmacologic targets, like ATP‐mediated signaling pathways, since the extracellular levels of the nucleotide dramatically increase during in vitro epileptic seizures. In this study, we investigated whether sodium‐dependent high‐affinity γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate uptake by isolated nerve terminals of the human neocortex could be modulated by ATP acting via slow‐desensitizing P2X7 receptor (P2X7R).MethodsModulation of [3H]GABA and [14C]glutamate uptake by ATP, through activation of P2X7R, was investigated in isolated nerve terminals of the neocortex of cadaveric controls and patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy (non‐MTLE or MTLE) submitted to surgery. Tissue density and distribution of P2X7R in the human neocortex was assessed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy.ResultsThe P2X7R agonist, 2′(3′)‐O‐(4‐benzoylbenzoyl)ATP (BzATP, 3–100 μm) decreased [3H]GABA and [14C]glutamate uptake by nerve terminals of the neocortex of controls and patients with epilepsy. The inhibitory effect of BzATP (100 μm) was prevented by the selective P2X7R antagonist, A‐438079 (3 μm). Down‐modulation of [14C]glutamate uptake by BzATP (100 μm) was roughly similar in controls and patients with epilepsy, but the P2X7R agonist inhibited more effectively [3H]GABA uptake in the epileptic tissue. Neocortical nerve terminals of patients with epilepsy express higher amounts of the P2X7R protein than control samples.SignificanceHigh‐frequency cortical activity during epileptic seizures releases huge amounts of ATP, which by acting on low‐affinity slowly desensitizing ionotropic P2X7R, leads to down‐modulation of neuronal GABA and glutamate uptake. Increased P2X7R expression in neocortical nerve terminals of patients with epilepsy may, under high‐frequency firing, endure GABA signaling and increase GABAergic rundown, thereby unbalancing glutamatergic neuroexcitation. This study highlights the relevance of the ATP‐sensitive P2X7R as an important negative modulator of GABA and glutamate transport and prompts for novel antiepileptic therapeutic targets.
From physics to fish to folk: supporting coastal regional communities to understand their vulnerability to climate change in Australia
Authors: Frusher Stewart , van Putten Ingrid , Haward Marcus , Hobday Alistair J. , Holbrook Neil J. , Jennings Sarah , Marshall Nadine , Metcalf Sarah , Pecl Gretta T. , Tull Malcolm 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOur oceans comprise valuable assets that provide a range of social and economic benefits directly and indirectly through provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services. Fisheries rely on these services and are regionally important industries for many coastal communities. With a growing population and increasing demand for seafood production, impacts from climate change that alter the productivity of marine ecosystems will have flow‐on implications for economic and social systems. As small coastal communities are often highly dependent on marine‐based activities they are also expected to experience greater impacts from changes in productivity of marine resources than their larger and/or non‐coastal counterparts. To assist coastal communities in evaluating their vulnerability to climate change we have developed a hybrid socio‐ecological vulnerability index that combines an ecocentric index – i.e., an ecological vulnerability index – with a sociocentric index that focuses on adaptive capacity as a measure of vulnerability, and embeds a sustainable livelihoods approach. Through the use of an on‐line tool, coastal communities can improve their understanding of their vulnerability to more appropriately adapt, embrace opportunities and minimize negative impacts that may arise from climate change and its effect on marine resource availability.
The effects of stage of growth and additives with or without cellulase on fermentation andin vitrodegradation characteristics ofLeymus chinensissilage
Authors: Zhang Q. , Yu Z. , Yang H. , Na R. S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of different combinations of added lactic acid bacteria and cellulase applied at two growth stages on chemical composition andin vitrorumen digestibility ofLeymus chinensissilage. Fresh grass was harvested at early heading stage (S1) and late heading stage (S2), respectively, and ensiled with five additives: 200 U cellulase (C) kg−1fresh matter (FM), 1 × 105colony‐forming units (cfu)Lactobacillus plantarum(LP) g−1FM, 1 × 105 cfuLb. casei(LC) g−1FM,LP+C,LC+C and a control (CK). Four replicates of each treatment were weighed into 5‐L plastic buckets, and the mini silos were stored at ambient temperature (~30°C) for 60 d.Leymus chinensisharvested at S2 showed relatively higher neutral detergent fibre content, coliform bacteria count and lower crude protein content than S1. All additives decreased thepHand ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) content ofL. chinensissilage (P < 0·001) except C.LP+C andLC+C decreased fibre content and increased water‐soluble carbohydrate content (P < 0·001). The silages were further anaerobically incubatedin vitroat 39°C for 48 h with buffered rumen fluids of lactating cows.Leymus chinensisharvested at S2 showed lowerin vitrodry‐matter disappearance,NH3‐N, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) content and higher average gas production rate (P < 0·05) than S1. In conclusion,Leymus chinensisshould not be harvested too late. Compared with other treatments, a combination ofLb. casei(LC) with cellulase resulted in better fermented silage, but further testing is needed to confirm its efficacy.
Development and clinical validation of a novel photography‐based skin pigmentation evaluation system: a comparison with the calculated consensus of dermatologists
Authors: Cho M. , Lee D.‐H. , Kim Y. , Koh W. , Chung J. H. , Kim H. C. , Kim S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveVarious cosmetics, medicines, and light and laser treatments have been increasingly developed to improve pigmentary skin alterations such as melasma, actinic lentigo and dyschromia. To determine the efficacy of these modalities in view of the changes in pigmentation, an objective and reliable device that has a comparable performance to that of physicians is required. We developed a novel photography‐based skin pigmentation evaluation system and validated its accuracy and reliability with a newly proposed method.MethodsA novel photography‐based system was developed that integrates a consistent photography setting and image processing diagnostic algorithms. To automatically detect areas of pigmentation, the diagnostic algorithms were applied to photographs, which were obtained from 31 female patients. To validate its performance in comparison with the physicians’ evaluation, five dermatologists independently evaluated the area of pigmentation. The clinical consensus area of pigmentation (CCAP) was calculated based on the consensus of five dermatologists’ to exclude subjectivity or bias, and it was compared with the pigmentation area determined by the system.ResultsForty‐four photographs with pigmented areas were evaluated by the system and the physicians. In contrast to the individual physician assessments, CCAP reduced the error that occurred due to subjectivity and bias, particularly for areas with indistinct pigmentation, and it was set as the gold standard. The results from the system showed a mean accuracy of 92.1% and a standard deviation of 4.6% in comparison with CCAP.ConclusionThis pigmentation evaluation system can reproduce the physicians’ consensus, suggesting that this system can support the dermatologists’ objective evaluation of pigmentation.
Environmental controls on the distribution of salt‐marsh foraminifera from the southern coastline of South Africa
Authors: Strachan Kate L. , Finch Jemma M. , Hill Trevor R. , Barnett Robert L. , Morris Craig D. , Frenzel Peter 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimSalt‐marsh foraminifera are widely used as robust sea‐level indicators. High‐resolution Holocene sea‐level reconstructions depend on the accurate characterization of modern foraminifera‐environment relationships representative of a study site. We investigate the relationship between modern foraminiferal assemblage distribution and key environmental variables, viz. elevation above land levelling datum (LLD), sediment grain size, organic content, pH and salinity. We hypothesize that the distribution of modern salt‐marsh foraminifera is primarily controlled by elevation above LLD.LocationKnysna and Keiskamma estuaries along the southern coastline of South Africa.MethodsSalt‐marsh surface sediment samples (n = 97) were collected along eight intertidal transects with corresponding environmental data (pH, salinity, organic content, sand, silt, clay and elevation). Multivariate ordination analysis (partial redundancy analysis; pRDA) was used to investigate the relationship between living foraminiferal assemblages and environmental controls, after accounting for spatial variability in community composition.ResultsThe pRDA suggests that species composition varied spatially within estuaries, but was strongly influenced by elevation at Keiskamma (r = 0.63) and Knysna (r = −0.75). At Keiskamma, the main gradient in composition was also influenced by salinity (r = −0.63), in an equal and opposite manner to elevation. Composition at Keiskamma was influenced to a much lesser extent by sediment organic content (r = 0.20) and the clay fraction (r = −0.13). At Knysna, pH (r = 0.455) was a secondary determinant of composition, and sediment characteristics covaried with elevation.Main conclusionElevation was found to be a key environmental variable controlling the distribution of salt‐marsh foraminifera at both estuaries, thereby validating the use of foraminifera as sea‐level indicators. Certain species were particularly sensitive to elevation changes and could thus serve as useful indicators of past sea‐level change. This is an important first step towards the development of high‐resolution sea‐level reconstructions for the South African coastline.