bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Protoplanetary Disks around Herbig Ae/Be and T Tauri Stars
Authors: Seok Ji Yeon , Li Aigen 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A distinct set of broad emission features at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.3, and 12.7 μm, is often detected in protoplanetary disks (PPDs). These features are commonly attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We model these emission features in the infrared spectra of 69 PPDs around 14 T Tauri and 55 Herbig Ae/Be stars in terms of astronomical PAHs. For each PPD, we derive the size distribution and the charge state of the PAHs. We then examine the correlations of the PAH properties (i.e., sizes and ionization fractions) with the stellar properties (e.g., stellar effective temperature, luminosity, and mass). We find that the characteristic size of the PAHs tends to correlate with the stellar effective temperature (

) and interpret this as the preferential photodissociation of small PAHs in systems with higher

of which the stellar photons are more energetic. In addition, the PAH size shows a moderate correlation with the red-ward wavelength shift of the 7.7 μm PAH feature that is commonly observed in disks around cool stars. The ionization fraction of PAHs does not seem to correlate with any stellar parameters. This is because the charging of PAHs depends on not only the stellar properties (e.g.,

, luminosity) but also their spatial distribution in the disks. The marginally negative correlation between PAH size and stellar age suggests that continuous replenishment of PAHs via the outgassing of cometary bodies and/or the collisional grinding of planetesimals and asteroids is required to maintain the abundance of small PAHs against complete destruction by photodissociation.
Consistent SPH Simulations of Protostellar Collapse and Fragmentation
Authors: Gabbasov Ruslan , Sigalotti Leonardo Di G. , Cruz Fidel , Klapp Jaime , Ramírez-Velasquez José M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We study the consistency and convergence of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) as a function of the interpolation parameters, namely the number of particles N, the number of neighbors n, and the smoothing length h, using simulations of the collapse and fragmentation of protostellar rotating cores. The calculations are made using a modified version of the GADGET-2 code that employs an improved scheme for the artificial viscosity and power-law dependences of n and h on N, as was recently proposed by Zhu et al., which comply with the combined limit

,

, and

with

for full SPH consistency as the domain resolution is increased. We apply this realization to the “standard isothermal test case” in the variant calculated by Burkert & Bodenheimer and the Gaussian cloud model of Boss to investigate the response of the method to adaptive smoothing lengths in the presence of large density and pressure gradients. The degree of consistency is measured by tracking how well the estimates of the consistency integral relations reproduce their continuous counterparts. In particular, C
0 and C
1 particle consistency is demonstrated, meaning that the calculations are close to second-order accuracy. As long as n is increased with N, mass resolution also improves as the minimum resolvable mass

. This aspect allows proper calculation of small-scale structures in the flow associated with the formation and instability of protostellar disks around the growing fragments, which are seen to develop a spiral structure and fragment into close binary/multiple systems as supported by recent observations.
Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Franz Nico , Zhang Guanyang 
Published: February 2017

Using syntactic and semantic conventions of the taxonomic concept approach (Franz et al. 2015), we describe three newly recognized fossil broad-nosed weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) preserved in Early Miocene amber (ca. 20.4-16.0 mya) from the Dominican Republic: Scelianoma compacta sp. n. sec. Franz & Zhang (2017) (henceforth abbreviated as [FZ2017]), Tropirhinus palpebratus sp. n. [FZ2017], and Diaprepes anticus sp. n. [FZ2017]. The taxonomic assignment of the amber inclusions is grounded in a preceding phylogenetic analysis by Franz (2012). As many as 88 of the 143 therein identified characters were coded for the fossils, whose traits are largely congruent with those present in extant congeners while also differing in ways that justify their new nomenclatural and taxonomic status.
We present detailed images, descriptions, and phylogenetically informed diagnoses for the three new species-level entities, along with logically consistent Region Connection Calculus (RCC-5) alignments of the amended genus-level classifications for Scelianoma Franz and Girón 2009 [FZ2017], Tropirhinus Schoenherr 1823 [FZ2017], and Diaprepes Schoenherr 1823 [FZ2017] - in relation to 2-4 preceding classifications published in 1982-2012. The description of Scelianoma compacta [FZ2017] from Hispaniola is indicative of a more widespread historical range of Scelianoma [FZ2017] than reflected in the extant, southwestern Puerto Rican Scelianoma elydimorpha Franz and Girón 2009 sec. Franz and Girón (2009). The presence of Diaprepes anticus [FZ2017] in Hispaniola during the Early Miocene suggests an eastward directed process of island colonization and likely speciation of members of Diaprepes [FZ2017], given that most extant relatives occur throughout the Lesser Antilles. The herein presented data will facilitate more reliable reconstructions of historical biographic processes thought to have played a prominent role in the diversification of the West Indian and Neotropical mainland broad-nosed weevil lineages.
Subjective Differences between Dentists and Patients about Relative Quality of Metal Ceramic Restorations placed in the Esthetic Zone
Authors: Mattoo Khurshid A , Alkhayrat Faisal M , Madkhali Hussam A , Geathy Ibrahim H , Qahhar Mohammed AW , Yaqoub Ahmed 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Esthetic perceptions could differ between the dentist and his patients among various regions and cultures.

Aim
The aims of this study were to evaluate the subjective differences between the dentist and the patient in terms of esthetics of metal-ceramic crowns (MCcs). The study also aims to compare the mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) dimensions of the cemented crown with its respective natural antimeric tooth.

Materials and methods
A total of 85 patients seeking treatment for a single crown (MC) were treated by the undergraduate students under supervision of respective academic staff. After cementation of the crowns, a 9-point questionnaire was given to patient and different dentists. A treatment cast for every single crown was poured. Then, the MD and BL dimensions of the crowns were compared against their respective antimeric tooth.

Results
The dentists and the patients agreed in the range of 50.5 to 90.5%. Least subjective differences were found for the length and width of the cemented crowns. The highest differences were noted for symmetry between the cemented crown and its antimeric natural tooth. A total of 31 to 38% of the patients differed from the dentist's evaluation for shade of the crown, color of the crown at the margin, contour of the crown, and the relationship of the crowns with the surrounding gingiva. The highest MD and BL dimensions were in the cemented crown of canines, while the lowest MD and BL diameters were for the cemented crowns of the lateral incisor crowns.

Conclusion
Dentist and patient mostly agreed in terms of length (90%), width (81%) and relation of crown with free gingiva (74%). However, they differed mostly on the symmetry of the cemented crowns. The highest MD dimensions and BL diameter were in the cemented MCcs of canine, while the lowest were with lateral incisors.

Clinical significance
While fabricating a dental prosthesis, the dentist must know about patients’ perception of esthetics; otherwise both clinical and laboratory efforts would not be enough to satisfy the esthetic needs of the patient even if the restoration is technically correct. Perceptions related to symmetry differ mostly between dentist and patient.

How to cite the article
Al Moaleem MM, Alkhayrat FM, Madkhali HA, Geathy IH, Qahhar MAW, Yaqoub A, Mattoo KA. Subjective Differences between Dentists and Patients about Relative Quality of Metal Ceramic Restorations placed in the Esthetic Zone. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(2):112-116.
A Clinicopathological Study of Various Conjunctival Lesions in Children
Authors: Goel Juhi , Prasad Swapnila , Dokania Ashutosh 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Conjunctival cysts are of a common occurrence in clinical parlance. These tend to be mostly asymptomatic. However, the underlying cause may be vision threatening. Thus, we conducted a clinicohistopathological study of conjunctival cysts in pediatric age group who presented to our outpatient department in Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. The aim was to analyze the risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and a certain type of cysts in order of their frequency. Significant history, detailed ocular examination, and relevant investigations that were carried out in 10 cases of conjunctival lesions were noted. The management was done and the histopathological examination (HPE) reports were charted. Despite a similar clinical presentation, HPE revealed varied diagnosis. These comprised choristomatous cysts (4), subconjunctival cysticercosis (2), inclusion cysts (2), inflammatory cyst (1), and capillary hemangioma (1). Conjunctival cysts are not just a cosmetic blemish. A detailed ocular examination, early diagnosis, and treatment can help prevent various vision-threatening complications.

How to cite this article
Goel J, Prasad S, Dokania A. A Clinicopathological Study of Various Conjunctival Lesions in Children. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(4):143-147.
« Un essaim d’idées-mots »
Authors: Riendeau Pascal 
Published: February 2017

Cet article vise à approfondir notre connaissance des idées d’André Belleau sur l’essai à travers une lecture détaillée de trois textes : « Approches et situation de l’essai québécois », « Petite essayistique » et « La passion de l’essai ». L’auteur y étudie à la fois la conception de l’essai de Belleau et l’argumentation qu’il déploie pour mieux le circonscrire. Adoptant une approche prospective, il analyse les hypothèses de Belleau qui ont été le plus souvent citées (autour de la narrativité et de l’univers idéel), tout en cherchant à découvrir des éléments pertinents qui auraient pu échapper à la critique. Il cherche à mieux comprendre la manière de Belleau, qui consiste, entre autres, à reformuler la pensée de certains auteurs (principalement Barthes), ce qui le conduit à faire tenir le monde des idées dans un ensemble de formules originales. L’article se termine par une ouverture vers d’autres propositions intéressantes de Belleau qui semblent pourtant n’avoir trouvé aucun écho dans les travaux sur l’essai.
Causes and Effects of Begging Style Involving Children as Guides in Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania: Liability in Basic Education Access
Authors: Jacob Seni Abdallah 
Published: February 2017

This paper explores the causes and effects of a unique begging style involving children as guides in Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania. The rationale for Dodoma Municipality to be the study location is that the begging phenomenon using children as guides is rampant. The study sample involved 40 respondents, of whom 6 were young carers of visually impaired adult beggars, 6 visually impaired adult beggars, 6 young carers of visually impaired adult beggars’ family members and 22 influential community members. Purposeful sampling technique was used to obtain these respondents. Data collection methods entailed interviews and observations. Artifacts were also used to portray issues under investigation more vividly. The data were analyzed using content analysis in which themes and sub-themes were determined by organization, reduction and interpretation of the information collected. The study discovered that lack of education, sympathy attraction, lack of proper orientation, laziness and poverty were the major causes for the existence of begging involving children as guides. The study revealed that minor causes include parents’ negligence and alcoholism, Single Parenthood as well as drought and hunger. The begging style using children as guides resulted into notable limited basic education access among these vulnerable children hence a liability and not asset. The study recommends that young carers of visually impaired adult beggars should be enrolled to basic education and revitalize education for self-reliance.
Comparison of Assessment Methods for Fallopian Tubal Patency and Peritubal Adhesion Between Transvaginal 4‐Dimensional Hysterosalpingo‐Contrast Sonography and Laparoscopic Chromopertubation
Authors: He Yanni , Ma Xiaohui , Xu Jingjiao , Li Sushu , Wu Haorong , Liu Qiuxiang , Kong Linghong , Luo Juan , Liu Hongmei 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare transvaginal 4‐dimensional hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography with laparoscopic chromopertubation and evaluate the former's clinical value in assessing fallopian tubal patency and peritubal adhesion.MethodsFifty‐six patients visiting infertility clinics were included in the study and underwent surgery by their own choice in 1 month. In total, 112 fallopian tubes were assessed. Twenty‐five were primarily infertile, and the rest were secondarily infertile. Laparoscopic chromopertubation was taken as the reference standard.ResultsIn a comparison of fallopian tubal patency between transvaginal hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography and laparoscopic chromopertubation, the sensitivity, specify, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography for diagnosing blocked fallopian tubes were 88.4%, 85.2%, 90.5%, and 82.1% respectively. In a comparison of spray at the fimbrial end between the no–peritubal adhesion and peritubal adhesion groups, the spray score at the fimbrial end in the no–peritubal adhesion group was significantly lower than that in the peritubal adhesion group. In a comparison of periovarian diffusion between the no–peritubal adhesion and peritubal adhesion groups, the periovarian diffusion score in the no–peritubal adhesion group was significantly lower than that in the peritubal adhesion group. In a comparison of periovarian diffusion between the patent‐tube and blocked groups confirmed by chromopertubation, the periovarian diffusion score in the patent group was significantly lower than that in the blocked group.ConclusionsTransvaginal hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography is a method with high sensitivity and specificity for screening fallopian tubal patency and peritubal adhesion.
Dotierte Halbleiter‐Nanokristalle: Lumineszenz, plasmonische und magnetische Eigenschaften
Authors: Pradhan Narayan , Das Adhikari Samrat , Nag Angshuman , Sarma D. D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDer Einbau bereits weniger Fremdatome in Halbleiter‐Nanokristalle kann zu einer drastischen Änderung der Eigenschaften oder gar dem Auftreten gänzlich neuer Eigenschaften führen. Zum Beispiel haben Mid‐Gap‐Zustände, die durch Dotierung generiert werden, einen enormen Einfluss auf die photokatalytische Aktivität und oberflächenkontrollierte Redoxreaktionen. Fremdatome/Dotanden erzeugen neue Emissionszentren, ermöglichen thermometrisches optisches Schaltverhalten, erhöhen die Lebensdauer der angeregten Zustände von FRET‐Donoren und erzeugen niederenergetische Absorptionen induziert durch lokalisierte Oberflächenplasmonenresonanzen. Dotierte Nanokristalle werden seit kurzem außerdem als Materialien für die Umwandlung von Sonnenenergie erforscht. Ferner werden auch die elektrischen und magnetischen Eigenschaften des Wirtmaterials durch Dotierung stark verändert. Diese vorteilhaften fremdatominduzierten Modifikationen machen dotierte Nanokristalle mit passenden Dotand‐Wirt‐Paaren zu geeigneten Kandidaten für die gezielte Herstellung von Materialien mit bestimmten Eigenschaften für eine breite Auswahl von Technologien. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Eigenschaften von Halbleiter‐Nanokristallen und ihrer Dotierung sind Gegenstand dieses Aufsatzes.
By‐Product‐Free Siloxane‐Bond Formation and Programmed One‐Pot Oligosiloxane Synthesis
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Sajna Kappam Veettil , Satoh Yasushi , Sato Kazuhiko , Shimada Shigeru 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSiloxane bonds are usually synthesized by condensation reactions, such as hydrolysis/dehydration and cross‐coupling reactions, in which the generation of by‐products during bond formation can not be avoided. We have developed a one‐pot sequence of iridium‐catalyzed silyl ester hydrosilylation and boron‐catalyzed rearrangement of the resulting disilyl acetals for the construction of siloxane bonds, in principle without the formation of any by‐products. Moreover, the programmed synthesis of tri‐, tetra‐, and pentasiloxanes was possible in a single flask by combining the above sequence of iridium‐catalyzed hydrosilylation and boron‐catalyzed rearrangement with a boron‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction. The obtained oligosiloxanes are difficult to synthesize selectively by other known synthetic procedures.
The effect of vortioxetine on overall patient functioning in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Florea Ioana , Loft Henrik , Danchenko Natalya , Rive Benoît , Brignone Melanie , Merikle Elizabeth , Jacobsen Paula L. , Sheehan David V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe objectives of this meta‐analysis of data from randomized, placebo‐controlled studies were to assess the effect of vortioxetine on overall functioning (primary) and functional remission (secondary) using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsData from nine short‐term (6/8 weeks) pivotal studies that included patient functioning assessments were included in this random‐effects meta‐analysis, which used aggregated study‐level data for all therapeutic vortioxetine doses and a mixed‐effect model for repeated measures using the full analysis set.ResultsA total of 4,216 patients received ≥1 dose of study treatment (1,522 placebo, 2,694 vortioxetine 5–20 mg/day). At study end, the meta‐analysis showed improvement for vortioxetine versus placebo (n = 911) in SDS total score (vortioxetine 5 mg, n = 564, change from baseline versus placebo [Δ] −0.24, p = NS; 10 mg, n = 445, Δ −1.68, p ≤ .001; 15 mg, n = 204, Δ −0.91, p = NS; 20 mg, n = 340, Δ −1.94, p ≤ .01). Functional remission (SDS total score ≤6) was observed with vortioxetine 10 mg (n = 170/573; odds ratio [OR] relative to placebo 1.7, p < .001) and 20 mg (n = 144/447; OR 1.6, p < .05), but not 5 mg (n = 207/757; OR 1.1, p = NS) or 15 mg (n = 92/295; OR 1.3, p = NS).ConclusionVortioxetine 5–20 mg for 6/8 weeks improved overall patient functioning in patients with MDD. Relative to placebo, vortioxetine 10 and 20 mg demonstrated significant improvement in SDS total score and functional remission.
Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles Bearing 8‐Hydroxyquinoline Ligands as Multifunctional Biomaterials
Authors: Oliveri Valentina , Bellia Francesco , Vecchio Graziella 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCyclodextrins are used as building blocks for the development of a host of polymeric biomaterials. The cyclodextrin polymers have found numerous applications as they exhibit unique features such as mechanical properties, stimuli responsiveness and drug loading ability. Notwithstanding the abundance of cyclodextrin polymers studied, metal‐chelating polymers based on cyclodextrins have been poorly explored. Herein we report the synthesis and the characterization of the first metal‐chelating β‐cyclodextrin polymer bearing 8‐hydroxyquinoline ligands. The metal ions (Cu2+ or Zn2+) can modulate the assembly of the polymer nanoparticles. Moreover, the protective activity of the new chelating polymer against self‐ and metal‐induced Aβ aggregation and free radical species are significantly higher than those of the parent compounds. These synergistic effects suggest that the incorporation of hydroxyquinoline moieties into a soluble β‐cyclodextrin polymer could represent a promising strategy to design multifunctional biomaterials.
Das Innere der Zelle: Ein komplexes Lösungsmittel
Authors: Heyden Matthias , Ebbinghaus Simon , Winter Roland 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBisher erlauben nur wenige, meist komplexe Techniken, Biomoleküle in zellulärer Umgebung zu untersuchen. Doch es ist klar, dass es in einigen Fällen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen einem verdünnten Puffer und dem komplexen zellulären Milieu geben kann. Diese Unterschiede zu verstehen und sie im biologischen Kontext zu bewerten, wird Aufgabe zukünftiger Studien und Modelle sein. Dabei können neue Techniken wie In‐Zell‐NMR oder FReI helfen, krankheitsrelevante Mechanismen aufzudecken und neue Therapeutika bzw. Therapie‐Ansätze zu entwerfen und zu testen. Es wird deutlich, dass die Zelle als komplexes Lösungsmittel nicht nur eine passive Umgebung darstellt, sondern wichtiger Bestandteil biomolekularer Prozesse ist. Die Kenntnis der biochemischen Anpassungen des zellulären Milieus, die Organismen entwickeln, um extreme Lebensräume zu erobern, hilft, die Lebensvorgänge unter Extrembedingungen besser zu verstehen sowie für biotechnologische Anwendungen nutzbar zu machen.
The economic case for digital interventions for eating disorders among United States college students
Authors: Kass Andrea E. , Balantekin Katherine N. , Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Jacobi Corinna , Wilfley Denise E. , Taylor C. Barr 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) are serious health problems affecting college students. This article aimed to estimate the costs, in United States (US) dollars, of a stepped care model for online prevention and treatment among US college students to inform meaningful decisions regarding resource allocation and adoption of efficient care delivery models for EDs on college campuses.MethodsUsing a payer perspective, we estimated the costs of (1) delivering an online guided self‐help (GSH) intervention to individuals with EDs, including the costs of “stepping up” the proportion expected to “fail”; (2) delivering an online preventive intervention compared to a “wait and treat” approach to individuals at ED risk; and (3) applying the stepped care model across a population of 1,000 students, compared to standard care.ResultsCombining results for online GSH and preventive interventions, we estimated a stepped care model would cost less and result in fewer individuals needing in‐person psychotherapy (after receiving less‐intensive intervention) compared to standard care, assuming everyone in need received intervention.ConclusionsA stepped care model was estimated to achieve modest cost savings compared to standard care, but these estimates need to be tested with sensitivity analyses. Model assumptions highlight the complexities of cost calculations to inform resource allocation, and considerations for a disseminable delivery model are presented. Efforts are needed to systematically measure the costs and benefits of a stepped care model for EDs on college campuses, improve the precision and efficacy of ED interventions, and apply these calculations to non‐US care systems with different cost structures.