bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Goods
Authors: Wall Steven , Sobel David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hybrid goods include both an objective and a subjective component. On the account of hybrid goods presented in this chapter, a component of well-being is subjective if and only if its value is determined by warrantless favoring attitudes. A component of well-being is objective if either it is valuable for one irrespective of one’s favoring attitudes toward it or, while a normative role for one’s attitudes in grounding prudential value is allowed, this role is restricted to attitudes that are appropriately responsive to the goodness of their object. Hybrid goods so understood have not been subjected to much analysis. This chapter aims to show how understanding them brings into view complexities in how the attitudes of persons affect the value of the goods in their lives, casts light on certain substantive prudential goods such as friendship, and illuminates the nature of rational choice between incommensurably good options.
Value in the Mere Shape of Episodes
Authors: Glasgow Joshua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many think that, in addition to what happens to us in any given moment, our overall well-being can also be affected by what happens to us across individual moments. One explanation of this phenomenon is that things simply getting better for us is good for us, while things getting worse for us is itself bad for us. While this view has received earlier defenses, it has also received a series of criticisms over roughly the last decade. This chapter responds to those critiques in defense of the view that the “mere shape” of a life or other episode has value or disvalue for us. Topics discussed include how to make room for narrative and hedonic value on such a picture; whether to locate the value of the overall episode in one particular moment or holistically; which episodes of this sort are relevant for lifetime well-being; and how this view is compatible with temporally neutrality.
Early Scholastic Christology 1050-1250
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This book traces developments in Christology—specifically the metaphysics of the union of divine and human natures in one person—from 1050 (the age of Anselm of Canterbury) to 1250 (the age of Albert the Great). During the first part of the period, the key issue is the conflict between Augustine’s homo assumptus (assumed man) Christology, defended by the Victorines, and that of Boethius’s Chalcedonian Christology, defended by Gilbert of Poitiers (sometimes known as the ‘subsistence’ theory). By 1180, the latter was almost universally accepted. A third view, apparently accepted by Peter Lombard, among others, according to which it is not true that Christ as man is something—the non-aliquid Christology—was condemned in 1177. The second part of the book traces the way in which theologians attempted to develop the presentation of Conciliar Christology by working out inchoate solutions to some of the metaphysical questions that the issue raises: what is the nature of the hypostatic union between the two natures or the human nature and the divine person—is it something created or uncreated? And, given that the human nature is a particular substance, what prevents it from being a person? Theologians used insights from both of the rejected theories (the homo assumptus Christology and the non-aliquid Christology) in attempting to answer these issues. The early thirteenth century saw the founding of the universities of Paris and Oxford and the founding of the Franciscan and Dominican orders. The book explores their impact on the formation of Christological teaching.
University theology in early thirteenth-century Paris
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The early thirteenth century saw the continuation of attempts to refine the subsistence theory, providing further theoretical development and extension. It also saw the founding of the Franciscan and Dominican orders, which quickly attracted the ablest minds of the period. This chapter examines the Christologies of two secular masters (William of Auxerre and Philip the Chancellor), one Franciscan (Alexander of Hales), and two Dominicans (Roland of Cremona and Hugh of St Cher), all active at Paris during the 1120s and 1130s. All of these thinkers suppose that for a created substantial nature to subsist is for it to lack union with the divine person. Alexander makes the terminologically odd choice of supposing that the particularity of the human nature means that, even though it does not count as a person, it nevertheless counts as a hypostasis. William adapts from the non-aliquid theory the claim that the human nature is something like an accident of the Word (though not literally so). Beyond that, he avers that the union is simply mysterious. Alexander claims that the union is to be identified with the divine person, itself tying the two natures: indeed, it is specifically the personal property or personal esse that the human nature comes to possess. Roland of Cremona seems to hold, contrariwise, that the union is some kind of created relation. Finally, Hugh of St Cher holds that neither union nor subsistence is anything positive at all.
Implementing a Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injury Prevention Bundle in Critical Care
Authors: Jackson Robin R. , Thomas Donna , Winter Kimberly , Gordon Julia , Green Patricia M. , Lemaster Sarah , Fox Jenny R. , Wright Dejon M. , Bettencourt Amanda P. , McLaughlin Maureen Kirkpatrick , Russell-Babin Kathleen 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The emerging field of implementation science (IS) facilitates the sustainment of evidence-based practice in clinical care. This article, the third in a series on applying IS, describes how a nurse-led team at a multisite health system used IS concepts, methods, and tools to implement a hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) prevention bundle on six critical care units, with the aim of decreasing HAPI incidence.
Cost-reduction Analysis of Percutaneous Pinning of Hand Fractures in an Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Chartier Annabelle , Arpin Ashley , Gervais Valérie , Haddad Jacques 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The University of Sherbrooke's Hospital Center operating room has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, prompting surgeons to seek alternative ways to treat acute injuries requiring surgery. In the spring of 2020, we began performing percutaneous pinning of hand fractures in our outpatient clinic. We aimed to estimate the savings in 2021 by transferring these procedures from the operating room to the outpatient clinic.

Methods:
We identified all patients with hand injuries who received percutaneous pinning in 2021 using billing codes. Only patients treated in the outpatient clinic were included. We estimated the cost of hand fracture fixation in the operating room by considering the anesthesiologist's fee, the hospital's hourly rate for a 1-hour surgery (including a respiratory therapist, 2 nurses, and equipment) and salary bonuses for unfavorable hours, subtracting the cost difference of outpatient equipment.

Results:
We identified 114 patients treated with percutaneous pinning, of whom 93 were included in our study. Our calculations showed a total cost reduction of CAD $55,789 in 2021.

Conclusions:
Percutaneous pinning of hand fractures in an outpatient setting resulted in a yearly cost reduction of more than CAD $55,000. Investing in ambulatory care for hand fracture management benefits both patients and institutions.
Precision-cut liver slices as an ex vivo model to evaluate antifibrotic therapies for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Yongtao , Leaker Ben , Qiao Guoliang , Sojoodi Mozhdeh , Eissa Ibrahim Ragab , Epstein Eliana T. , Eddy Jonathan , Dimowo Oizoshimoshiofu , Lauer Georg M. , Qadan Motaz , Lanuti Michael , Chung Raymond T. , Fuchs Bryan C. , Tanabe Kenneth K. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Considering the lack of successful treatment options and poor prognosis for cirrhosis and cirrhosis-induced HCC, new platforms to investigate antifibrotic therapies are urgently needed. Precision-cut liver slice (PCLS) is a powerful ex vivo culture model that can supplement and potentially replace the traditional models.

Methods:
PCLS were prepared from 4 different murine cirrhotic models (choline-deficient, l-amino acid–defined, high-fat diet, thioacetamide, diethylnitrosamine, and carbon tetrachloride) and compared with in vivo murine experiments, in vitro hepatic stellate cells, and human cirrhotic PCLS.

Results:
PCLS viability in culture was stable for 72 hours. Treatment of erlotinib, an EGF receptor inhibitor, significantly inhibited profibrogenic gene expressions in PCLS from choline-deficient, l-amino acid–defined, high-fat diet or thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic rats. Erlotinib treatment of PCLS from diethylnitrosamine or carbon tetrachloride–induced cirrhotic rats inhibited the expression of profibrogenic genes, which was consistent with the impact of erlotinib on these genes in in vivo diethylnitrosamine or carbon tetrachloride–induced cirrhosis. In addition, in hepatic stellate cells at PCLS from normal mice, erlotinib treatment inhibited TGF-β1–upregulated expression of Acta2. Similar expression results were observed in in vitro hepatic stellate cells. Expression of key regulators of fibrosis progression and regression were also significantly altered. Changes in profibrogenic gene expression under erlotinib treatment were also corroborated with human cirrhotic PCLS.

Conclusions:
Responses to antifibrotic interventions can be detected and quantified with PCLS at the gene expression level. The antifibrotic effects of erlotinib are consistent between PCLS models of murine cirrhosis and those observed in vivo and in vitro. These results were verified in human cirrhotic PCLS. PCLS is an excellent model for assessing antifibrotic therapies that are aligned with the principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement (3Rs), and it will benefit preclinical and clinical research for human fibrosis and cirrhosis.
Prospective associations of genetic susceptibility to high blood pressure and muscle strength with incident cardiovascular disease outcomes
Authors: Wang Mengyao , Collings Paul James , Jang Haeyoon , Chen Ziyuan , Luo Shan , Au Yeung Shiu Lun , Sharp Stephen J. , Brage Soren , Kim Youngwon 
Published: October 2024

Background:
This study explored the prospective associations of genetic susceptibility to high blood pressure (BP) and muscle strength with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and incident stroke.

Methods:
This study included 349 085 white British individuals from the UK Biobank study. Genetic risk of high BP was estimated using a weighted polygenic risk score that incorporated 136 and 135 nonoverlapping single-nucleotide polymorphisms for systolic BP and diastolic BP, respectively. Muscle strength was assessed using a hand dynamometer and expressed relative to fat-free mass. Sex- and age-specific tertiles were used to classify muscle strength into three categories. Cox regressions with age as the underlying timescale were fit for CVD mortality (n = 8275), incident CHD (n = 14 503), and stroke (n = 7518).

Results:
Compared with the lowest genetic risk of high BP (bottom 20%), the highest (top 20%) had greater hazards of each outcome. Low muscle strength was associated with higher hazards of CVD mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43–1.59], incident CHD (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.11–1.21), and stroke (HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.14–1.27), independently of confounders and genetic predisposition to high BP, compared with high muscle strength. Joint analyses revealed that the estimated 10-year absolute risks of each outcome were lower for high muscle strength combined with high genetic risk, compared with low muscle strength combined with low or medium genetic risk.

Conclusion:
Individuals who are genetically predisposed to high BP but have high muscle strength could have lower risk of major CVD events, compared with those who have low or medium genetic risk but low muscle strength.
Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on blood pressure in overweight or obese patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wong Hon Jen , Toh Keith Zhi Xian , Teo Yao Hao , Teo Yao Neng , Chan Mark Y. , Yeo Leonard L.L. , Eng Pei Chia , Tan Benjamin Y.Q. , Zhou Xin , Yang Qing , Dalakoti Mayank , Sia Ching-Hui 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are novel medications with proven efficacy in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, and are increasingly being used for weight loss. They may potentially have benefit in treating metabolic disorders; however, evidence is sparse with regards to treating high blood pressure (BP). We performed a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression investigating the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs in lowering BP in obese or overweight patients.

Methods:
Three electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL) were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception to 13 February 2024. Pair-wise meta-analysis and random effects meta-regression models were utilized. Fixed effects meta-analysis was used to unify treatment effects across different GLP-1 RA doses.

Results:
We included a total of 30 RCTs with a combined population of 37 072 patients. GLP-1 RAs demonstrated a mean systolic BP (SBP) reduction of −3.37 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI) −3.95 to −2.80] and a mean diastolic BP (DBP) reduction of −1.05 mmHg (95% CI −1.46 to −0.65) compared with placebo. This effect was consistent across subgroups for diabetic status, formulation of GLP-1 RA, follow-up duration and route of administration for both SBP and DBP, with the exception of subgroups investigating exenatide. Meta-regression suggested no significant correlation between BP reduction and baseline characteristics such as age, percentage of male patients, HbA1c, weight, BMI, and percentage of patients with hypertension.

Conclusion:
Our meta-analysis suggests significant BP reduction benefits from GLP-1 RA use in obese or overweight patients, consistent across diabetic status, duration of treatment, and across route of administration.
Association between early menarche and hypertension in pre and postmenopausal women: Baependi Heart Study
Authors: Martinho Liana Carla Albuquerque Peres , Zaniqueli Divanei , Andreazzi Ana Eliza , Oliveira Camila Maciel de , Pereira Alexandre Costa , Alvim Rafael de Oliveira 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Early menarche has been associated with an increased risk of arterial hypertension. Whether the association between early menarche and hypertension is independent of menopausal status is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between early menarche and hypertension in pre and postmenopausal women.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 1406 women aged 18–100. Age at menarche, menopause status, hemodynamic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected by using standard protocols. Menarche <12 years was defined as early menarche. Systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥90 mmHg and/or intake of antihypertensive medication, were used as criteria for hypertension.

Results:
In total, 21.3% of women had early menarche (<12 years), and the frequency of hypertension was 38.7%. Premenopausal women with early menarche had a 58% higher chance of developing hypertension, even after adjusting for age, obesity, and smoking [odds ratio (OR) 1.58; (95% confidence interval, CI 1.016–2.461)]. In postmenopausal women, age, obesity, and diabetes mellitus were predictors of hypertension, while early menarche was not.

Conclusion:
The odds of hypertension were higher with early menarche, but only in women of reproductive age. In postmenopausal women, the physiological changes inherent to aging and the presence of more comorbidities, such as diabetes, might overlap the influence of early menarche on hypertension.
Lived and care experiences of young people with chronic musculoskeletal pain and mental health conditions. A systematic review with qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Klem Nardia-Rose , Slater Helen , Rowbotham Samantha , Chua Jason , Waller Robert , Stinson Jennifer N. , Romero Lorena , Lord Susan M. , Tory Breanna , Schütze Robert , Briggs Andrew M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) and coexisting mental health conditions impact young people; however, little is known about their lived and care experiences. In a prospectively registered systematic review with qualitative evidence synthesis (PROSPERO: CRD42022369914), we explored the following: (1) lived physical, psychological, and social experiences; and (2) care experiences/preferences of young people living with CMP and mental health conditions. Inclusion criteria: studies using qualitative methods; participants aged 16 to 24 years with CMP and coexisting mental health condition(s); phenomenon explored included lived and/or care experiences. Seven databases were searched (inception to 19-May-2024), study quality was assessed, data were extracted and analysed thematically, and GRADE-CERQual was used to assess confidence in findings. Twenty-two studies (23 reports) were included (>239 participants, 82% women). Lived experiences yielded 4 themes (9 findings): 2-way relationship between CMP and mental health (2 findings, low to moderate confidence); psychosocial implications of CMP (3 findings, very low-moderate confidence); uncertainty about future (2 findings, low-moderate confidence); coping with CMP and mental health conditions (2 findings, low-moderate confidence). Care experiences/preferences yielded 3 themes (8 findings): navigating healthcare systems (2 findings, moderate confidence); receiving appropriate care (3 findings, very low-moderate confidence); point-of-care experiences and care preferences (3 findings, very low-moderate confidence). Chronic musculoskeletal pain and mental health conditions are interconnected, significantly impacting young people's lives, identities, and socialisation, yet services for CMP and mental health are often inadequate and poorly integrated. The mechanisms and interplay of CMP and mental health require deeper exploration, including how young people may be better supported with personalised, holistic, developmentally and/or life-stage-appropriate integrated care.
The fallacy of a roadmap computed tomography after an abdominal gunshot wound: A road that leads to nowhere
Authors: Vasquez Matthew , Dhillon Navpreet K. , Feliciano David V. , Scalea Thomas M. 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUNDThe 2019 Western Trauma Association guidelines recommend an abdominopelvic computed tomography (CTAP) in patients with a question of abdominal penetration after a gunshot wound. However, it is common practice to obtain a CTAP to provide a roadmap for an operation or to potentially alter management even in patients with classic indications for a laparotomy. The hypothesis for this study was that a CTAP for preoperative planning has no value in patients with an abdominal gunshot wound.METHODSThis was a retrospective study from 2017 to 2022 of patients with an abdominal gunshot wound who had a preoperative CTAP. Data collection included clinical characteristics and CTAP and operative findings. Admission hypotension, abdominal pain and/or peritonitis, evisceration, and a transabdominal trajectory were considered clear indications for laparotomy. Computed tomography and operative findings were compared to determine concordance and if computed tomography altered management.RESULTSThere were 149 patients included in the study, of which 72.5% had a clear indication for laparotomy. The CTAP findings were concordant with operative findings in 57.0% of patients, while additional injuries were found at laparotomy in 36.2% of patients. Based on CTAP, a negative diagnostic angiogram was performed in three patients (2.0%). Three patients (2.0%) underwent a trial of nonoperative management based on CTAP findings. All underwent laparotomy after a clinical change. Six patients (4.0%) had a nontherapeutic operation; all patients had findings suspicious for either a hollow viscous injury or a vascular injury on preoperative imaging.CONCLUSIONWhile a CTAP scan may help to define an intra-abdominal trajectory when the trajectory is unclear, it does not alter management in those with indications for operation. In addition, CTAP missed injuries in a third of patients and contributed to all six nontherapeutic laparotomies. A preoperative CTAP has minimal value in patients who have indications for an operation.LEVEL OF EVIDENCEDiagnostic Test/Criteria; Level IV.
Xenosiderophore transporter gene expression and clade-specific filamentation inCandida auriskillifish infection
Authors: Gifford Hugh , Bedekovic Tina , Helmstetter Nicolas , Gregory Jack , Ma Qinxi , Brand Alexandra C. , Wilson Duncan , Rhodes Johanna , Ramsdale Mark , Kudoh Tetsuhiro , Farrer Rhys A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCandida aurisis a World Health Organization (WHO) critical priority fungal pathogen. An associated mortality of ∼45%, rising drug resistance and massive nosocomial outbreaks complicate clinical treatment. A critical bottleneck in understanding virulence is the lack of gene expression profiling models duringin vivohost tissue infection. We developed a thermo-relevant fish embryo yolk-sac (Aphanius dispar; Arabian killifish; AK) microinjection model at human body temperature featuring clinically relevant features of host immunity. This allowed us to interrogate infection dynamics through dual host-pathogen RNA-seq at 24 and 48 h post injection (HPI) at 37 °C across five major clades (I-V) ofC. auris. Host responses to infection featured heat shock, complement activation, and nutritional immunity, including haem oxygenase (HMOX) expression in response to clade IV infection. We identified anin vivotranscriptional signature across five clades ofC. auristhat was highly enriched for putative xenosiderophore transmembrane transporters. We describe this newly-discovered seventeen-member xenosiderophore transporter candidate (XTC) family in terms of individual gene expression patterns, and a sub-clade of five putative haem transport-related (HTR) genes. Only the basal clade V isolate formed filaments during infection, coinciding with typical and atypical regulators of morphogenesis, includingUME6,HGC1, and the novel adhesinSCF1. Clades I and IV demonstrated increased virulence, coinciding with up-regulation of threeHTRgenes in clade IV, and the mating-type locus (MTL) non-mating genePIKAin both. Our study provides critical insights into the pathogenesis of C. auris, including species-wide up-regulation ofXTCandHTRgenes during clinically relevantin vivohost tissue infection.Significance statementCandida aurisis an emerging human fungal pathogen and global public health threat, butin vivotissue infection transcriptome analysis has not been achieved with available models. We infected Arabian killifish yolk-sacs to study gene expression programmes by five clades ofC. auris. We discovered that the basal clade V uniquely filamented during infection. Additionally, all clades encode a large expanded family of xenosiderophore transporters that are upregulated during infection. These results highlight the important roles for morphology switching and iron acquisition during infection, both of which shed light on its mechanisms of infection and could make novel drug targets.