bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Backpackers et carnets de voyage, récit biographique d’une expérience itinérante
Authors: Courant Stéphane 
Published: June 2016

Travaillant depuis plusieurs années sur les écritures de voyage, je propose dans cet article une analyse transversale des carnets tenus par des backpackers. Objet polymorphe, à la fois écritures ordinaires du voyage et écritures laissant entrevoir une intimité du voyageur, le carnet de voyage nécessite la mise en place d’une méthodologie spécifique –– observation participante — pour son obtention ou tout simplement pour sa consultation. Au-delà des caractéristiques significatives de la population témoin et du corpus constitué, j’aborderai succinctement la question de la matérialité de l’objet pour laisser une place significative au contenu du carnet. Ainsi, je soulignerai les thématiques que l’on trouve dans l’ensemble de la production et porterai une attention toute particulière à la question du « je » dans ce corpus. Ainsi, feront jour des interrogations, des affirmations du voyageur que seul le carnet de voyage peut révéler. À travers cette production témoignant d’une expérience quotidienne d’itinérance d’une population difficilement saisissable pour l’anthropologue, ce n’est plus une seule présentation d’un pays qui sera dévoilée, mais un ensemble d’éléments construisant une identité narrative. Le carnet apparaîtra alors comme une trace de voyageur, une trace biographique faisant récit et donnant la pleine mesure de la dimension anthropologique du voyage.
Les exigences linguistiques de quelques systèmes scolaires : une comparaison internationale
Authors: Lefrançois Pascale , Brissaud Catherine 
Published: June 2016

Cet article a pour objectif de comparer les exigences linguistiques de différents systèmes scolaires francophones (Québec, Ontario, Nouveau-Brunswick, France, Belgique, canton de Vaud) et anglophones (Québec, Ontario, Nouveau-Brunswick), à trois moments clés de la scolarité des élèves, soit les 6e, 8eet 11eannées. Pour ce faire, l’analyse de 213 documents ministériels a permis de comparer les tâches utilisées pour évaluer la maîtrise de la langue, les critères d’évaluation, le type de jugement porté sur ces critères et les conséquences de la non-atteinte du niveau de performance linguistique jugé acceptable. Le niveau d’exigences linguistiques des différents systèmes scolaires sera discuté en conclusion.
Application de l’indice lz pour l’élimination de données de recherche en langues
Authors: Pichette François , Béland Sébastien , Raîche Gilles 
Published: June 2016

L’indice de détection de patrons de réponses inappropriés lz (Drasgow, Levine & Williams, 1985) a été appliqué à un test d’habileté en lecture en langue seconde de 64 items soumis à 171 étudiants universitaires. L’objectif était de confronter un rejet intuitif de données de recherche à une élimination suggérée par lz. En outre, lz a été mis à l’épreuve pour détecter 12 participants additionnels ayant répondu par pseudo-hasard. Les résultats suggèrent que, bien que lz détecte efficacement des patrons de réponses aberrants pour de grands groupes et qu’il soit préférable à l’élimination intuitive, cet indice présente des limites pour l’analyse de plus petites matrices de données.
Ciudadanía y vida social bajo el velo integral || Citizenship and social life under the burka
Authors: García Pascual Cristina 
Published: June 2016

RESUMEN: El debate sobre el velo islámico, en sus múltiples formas, se mantiene en Europa desde hace décadas y parece estar lejos de poder darse por concluido. Sobre el modo en que van vestidas algunas mujeres musulmanas se extrae una consecuencia clara: una mujer velada es una mujer sometida, sumisa y controlada en el marco de un modelo patriarcal especialmente duro. Pero ¿es esto así? ¿la indumentaria de las mujeres nos ofrece toda esa información? o más aun ¿nos indica sin lugar a dudas una situación de sometimiento tal que justifique la intervención del legislador, que exija prohibiciones y sanciones, o incluso que los más altos tribunales europeos sienten jurisprudencia sobre esas formas de vestir? Responder a estás preguntas es el objetivo de este artículo. ABSTRACT The debate on the Islamic headscarf, in its many forms, has been an on-going source of controversy in Europe and will continue to be so for many years to come. The inevitable conclusion to which one comes on the subject of Muslim women’s attire is somehow that she must be submissive and under the control of a particularly harsh patriarchal model. But is this so? Is women’s choice of clothing so enlightening and self-explanatory so as to give us all this information? Moreover, is it really an undeniable indicator of subordination? If it were, would it justify a legal interference, that is to say the enforcement of prohibitions and sanctions, and to what degree? Do the highest European courts have legitimacy in order to dictate jurisprudence on the matter? Answering these questions is the essential aim of this article.
Optical waveguides in Er3+/Yb3+-codoped silicate glasses fabricated by proton implantation
Authors: Liu Chun-Xiao , Fu Li-Li , Zhu Xu-Feng , Guo Hai-Tao , Li Wei-Nan , Lin She-Bao , Wei Wei 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this work, a planar waveguide was fabricated by proton implantation in Er3+/Yb3+-codoped silicate glasses with energies of (500 + 550) keV and fluences of (1 + 2) × 1016 ions/cm2. The end-face coupling method was employed to determine whether the light could be confined in the waveguide or not. The prism coupling technique was applied to measure the guided mode spectrum and the intensity calculation method was used to construct the refractive index profile. With the profile, a near-field intensity distribution was calculated by the finite difference beam propagation method. The obtained results may be helpful in developing integrated optical devices.
Basic investigation on acoustic velocity change imaging method for quantitative assessment of fat content in human liver
Authors: Mano Kazune , Tanigawa Shohei , Hori Makoto , Yokota Daiki , Wada Kenji , Matsunaka Toshiyuki , Morikawa Hiroyasu , Horinaka Hiromichi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Fatty liver is a disease caused by the excess accumulation of fat in the human liver. The early diagnosis of fatty liver is very important, because fatty liver is the major marker linked to metabolic syndrome. We already proposed the ultrasonic velocity change imaging method to diagnose fatty liver by using the fact that the temperature dependence of ultrasonic velocity is different in water and in fat. For the diagonosis of a fatty liver stage, we attempted a feasibility study of the quantitative assessment of the fat content in the human liver using our ultrasonic velocity change imaging method. Experimental results showed that the fat content in the tissue mimic phantom containing lard was determined by its ultrasonic velocity change in the flat temperature region formed by a circular warming ultrasonic transducer with an acoustic lens having an appropriate focal length. By considering the results of our simulation using a thermal diffusion equation, we determined whether this method could be applied to fatty liver assessment under the condition that the tissue had the thermal relaxation effect caused by blood flow.
Sustainable Development Indicators in the Indus Basin Regions: An Analytical Approach
Authors: Manhas Parikshat Singh , Bhagat Akshi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe regions of the Indus basin face extreme water challenges due to population growth, increased urbanisation and industrialisation, environmental degradation, unregulated use of resources, inefficient water utilisation and poverty, all of which are further aggravated by changes in the climate. The Indus basin is shared by four countries – Pakistan, India, Afghanistan and China. Changes in the climate have increased water availability here which warrants further analyses. The analysis on the human aspects of sustainable development in the Indus basin regions has been largely ignored due to lack of appropriate methods. The lack of advancement in major comparative data has been a stumbling block in substantiating the main position of the Indus basin societies within nation-states. There is a need for more research using comparative approaches in line with the International Year of Indus Basin region. This paper introduces an approach that implements widely known human sustainable development indicators to different regional levels. In analysing the outcomes and interpreting the dimensions of these indicators, major research hurdles as well as areas for further investigation in the Indus Basin region are revealed. In addition, the sustainability of resources and environmental preservation in the Indus Basin is increasingly becoming a global concern.This review hopes to shed light on the application of indicators and highlight their conceptual limitations in the hope of elucidating the appropriate strategies for security enhancement in the Indus basin regions.
Effectiveness of Sonography in Detecting Clinically Occult Femoral Hernias
Authors: Gupta Harun , Subedi Nawaraj , Robinson Philip 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of sonography for femoral hernia diagnosis in patients with suspected hernias that were not evident on clinical examination.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 39 consecutive patients with 40 clinically suspected but occult femoral hernias and subsequent positive sonographic findings for femoral hernias. Clinical records for all patients were reviewed for surgical outcomes and clinical follow‐up. Surgical findings of a femoral hernia sac or widened femoral canal requiring repair, with symptomatic relief after the procedure, were considered positive for a femoral hernia.ResultsAmong the 40 femoral hernias examined by sonography, 33 of 40 groins underwent surgical exploration, with 32 true‐positive findings and 1 false‐positive finding on sonography. The false‐positive case was an inguinal hernia at surgery. The accuracy of sonography was 96.9% for those with surgical correlations. The remaining 7 patients did not undergo surgery but had clinical follow‐up.ConclusionsThis study confirms high diagnostic accuracy of sonography for nonpalpable femoral hernias in symptomatic groins compared to surgical findings.
Effect of Uterine Cavity Sonographic Measurements on Medical Management Failure in Women With Early Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Lavecchia Melissa , Klam Stephanie , Abenhaim Haim Arie 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesMedical management is commonly used among women with early pregnancy failure. The purpose of our study was to evaluate uterine content sonographic measurements for predicting medical management failure in early pregnancy loss.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in a university‐affiliated hospital center including all women discharged from the emergency department (ED) with a diagnosis of early pregnancy failure who had medical management with misoprostol between 2011 and 2013. Only women with sonograms available for review were included in our study. All images were reviewed and the following cavity measurements, excluding the endometrial lining, were measured: cavity anteroposterior distance, cavity longitudinal distance, cavity transverse distance, and cavity volume. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify measurements that were independently associated with a subsequent need for dilation and curettage (D&C) and an unplanned return to the ED.ResultsAmong 823 women presenting to the ED with first‐trimester bleeding, 227 met inclusion criteria. Of all measurements evaluated, the cavity anteroposterior distance was found to be independently associated with D&C and an unplanned return to the ED. When a cavity anteroposterior distance cutoff of 15 mm was used, women were more likely to require D&C (adjusted odds ratio, 2.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.31–5.36; P< .01) and to have an unplanned return to the ED (adjusted odds ratio, 2.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.41–4.79; P < .01). In women with a cavity anteroposterior distance of less than 15 mm, 87.1% had successful medical management of early pregnancy loss, and 80.0% did not require an unplanned return to the ED.ConclusionsAlthough there is a need for further validation, patients identified as having a cavity anteroposterior distance of less than 15 mm should be considered good candidates for successful medical management.
Establishing Immediate Reliability of Sonographic Measurements of the Transversus Abdominis in Asymptomatic Adults Performing Upright Loaded Functional Tasks in a Clinical Context Without Delayed Recorded Measurement
Authors: McPherson Sue , Watson Todd , Pate Lindsey 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesThis study examined the reliability of sonographic measurements of the transversus abdominis of adults without low back pain during upright loaded functional tasks in real time, without relying on delayed recorded images.MethodsA single‐group repeated‐measures reliability study was conducted on 12 healthy participants without low back pain. Six of these adults reported a prior history of abdominal drawing‐in maneuver training without sonographic measurement. The participants performed 3 trials of neutral standing, a loaded forward reach, and a loaded box lift under rest and with abdominal drawing‐in maneuver instructions; task order was randomized. Transversus abdominis thickness measurements were obtained by an experienced rater using B‐mode sonography in real‐time via electronic calipers twice on the same static image during all trials by a rater. The rater was masked to group assignment and on‐screen measurement output and required to respond to trivia questions between repeated measurements.ResultsThe participants included 6 male and 6 female adults with a mean age ± SD of 26.3 ± 3.7 years. Intra‐rater intraclass correlation coefficients (2,3) were high and precise for the rater's first and second measurements for all tasks and instruction conditions for mean transversus abdominis thickness and percent change in thickness measurements (eg, ranges were 0.968–0.997 for intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.01–0.21 mm for standard errors of the measurement, and 0.01–0.58 mm for minimal detectable changes). Calipers cleared by the rater or a research assistant produced similar findings of excellent reliability and precision.ConclusionsHigh intra‐rater reliability and precision of transversus abdominis thickness measurements were obtained by a physical therapist in real time from asymptomatic adults performing upright loaded functional tasks under rest and with abdominal drawing‐in maneuver instructions.
Caracterização da ictiofauna do rio Santa Catarina (Bacia do São Francisco) no município de Vazante, Minas Gerais
Authors: Amorim Nathan Pereira Lima , Giongo Patrícia , Belei Frederico , Sampaio Wagner Martins Santana 
Published: June 2016

<p>A bacia hidrográfica do rio São Francisco é a terceira maior em extensão do Brasil. O Rio Paracatu é um dos principais contribuintes do rio São Francisco. O rio Santa Catarina é afluente esquerdo do rio Paracatu, sendo o principal rio presente no município de Vazante, em Minas Gerais. A Ictiofauna da bacia do São Francisco é representada por cerca de 158 espécies de água doce, sendo as famílias Characidae, Loricariidae, Rivulidae e Anostomidae as mais diversificadas. Na região do rio Santa Catarina no município de Vazante (MG) as atividades ligadas à mineração representa a principal atividade econômica da região, porém causa vários tipos de impactos ambientais aos ecossistemas aquáticos. O presente trabalho busca caracterizar a área do Rio Santa Catarina, no município de Vazante, Minas Gerais, e desta forma propor medidas de conservação da ictiofauna da bacia do Rio Santa Catarina. Foram capturados 177 indivíduos. Estes estão distribuídos em 61 espécies, 45 gêneros, 22 famílias e 6 ordens. O rio Santa Catarina apresenta inúmeros habitats que são essenciais para manutenção da biodiversidade aquática da bacia do rio São Francisco, como veredas, dolinas naturais e rios intermitentes que apresentam peixes de vida restrita e ameaçados de extinção, além de se apresentar como importante rota migratória para o rio Paracatu um dos principais afluentes do rio São Francisco em Minas Gerais.</p><p> </p><p>10.7902/ecb.v4i1.53</p>
Ictiofauna do baixo rio Manhuaçu (Bacia do baixo rio Doce)
Authors: Marques Bruno , Belei Frederico , Sampaio Wagner Martins Santana 
Published: June 2016

<p>A ictiofauna neotropical se destaca por ser a maior e mais diversificada do planeta uma vez que está inserida no maior sistema fluvial do mundo. Nesse contexto é inserida a bacia do rio Doce a qual é subdividida em três seções: alto, médio e baixo curso. Com o objetivo de se avaliar diversidade da Ictiofauna do rio Manhuaçu, foram estabelecidos dois pontos amostrais. Em cada área de amostragem foi utilizado um conjunto de dez redes de espera, dois espinheis com 10 anzóis, tarrafas, arrastão e pesca elétrica. Durante o período de amostragem foram capturados 207 exemplares distribuídos em 29 espécies, 6 ordens e 14 famílias. Registros anteriores apresentaram uma menor diversidade de peixes para o rio Manhuaçu. Para o médio rio Doce são descrita 70 espécies e o presente estudo representa 41% dessas espécies, revelando a importância do rio Manhuaçu para a bacia do médio e baixo rio Doce.</p><p> </p><p>DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v4i1.63</p>
Basin‐wide N2 fixation in the deep waters of the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Benavides Mar , Bonnet Sophie , Hernández Nauzet , Martínez‐Pérez Alba María , Nieto‐Cid Mar , Álvarez‐Salgado Xosé Antón , Baños Isabel , Montero María F. , Mazuecos Ignacio P. , Gasol Josep M. , Osterholz Helena , Dittmar Thorsten , Berman‐Frank Ilana , Arístegui Javier 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRecent findings indicate that N2 fixation is significant in aphotic waters, presumably due to heterotrophic diazotrophs depending on organic matter for their nutrition. However, the relationship between organic matter and heterotrophic N2 fixation remains unknown. Here we explore N2 fixation in the deep chlorophyll maximum and underneath deep waters across the whole Mediterranean Sea and relate it to organic matter composition, characterized by optical and molecular methods. Our N2 fixation rates were in the range of those previously reported for the euphotic zone of the Mediterranean Sea (up to 0.43 nmol N L−1 d−1) and were significantly correlated to the presence of relatively labile organic matter with fluorescence and molecular formula properties representative for peptides and unsaturated aliphatics and associated with the presence of more oxygenated ventilated water masses. Finally, and despite that the aphotic N2 fixation contributes largely to total water column diazotrophic activity (>50%), its contribution to overall nitrogen inputs to the basin is negligible (<0.5%).
Enzyme‐level interconversion of nitrate and nitrite in the fall mixed layer of the Antarctic Ocean
Authors: Kemeny P. C. , Weigand M. A. , Zhang R. , Carter B. R. , Karsh K. L. , Fawcett S. E. , Sigman D. M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the Southern Ocean, the nitrogen (N) isotopes of organic matter and the N and oxygen (O) isotopes of nitrate (NO3−) have been used to investigate NO3− assimilation and N cycling in the summertime period of phytoplankton growth, both today and in the past. However, recent studies indicate the significance of processes in other seasons for producing the annual cycle of N isotope changes. This study explores the impact of fall conditions on the 15N/14N (δ15N) and 18O/16O (δ18O) of NO3− and nitrite (NO2−) in the Pacific Antarctic Zone using depth profiles from late summer/fall of 2014. In the mixed layer, the δ15N and δ18O of NO3− + NO2− increase roughly equally, as expected for NO3− assimilation; however, the δ15N of NO3−‐only (measured after NO2− removal) increases more than does NO3−‐only δ18O. Differencing indicates that NO2− has an extremely low δ15N, often < −70‰ versus air. These observations are consistent with the expression of an equilibrium N isotope effect between NO3− and NO2−, likely due to enzymatic NO3−‐NO2− interconversion. Specifically, we propose reversibility of the nitrite oxidoreductase (NXR) enzyme of nitrite oxidizers that, having been entrained from the subsurface during late summer mixed layer deepening, are inhibited by light. Our interpretation suggests a role for NO3−‐NO2− interconversion where nitrifiers are transported into environments that discourage NO2− oxidation. This may apply to surface regions with upwelling, such as the summertime Antarctic. It may also apply to oxygen‐deficient zones, where NXR‐catalyzed interconversion may explain previously reported evidence of NO2− oxidation.
Initial deflection of middle‐latitude Pi2 pulsations in the premidnight sector: Remote detection of oscillatory upward field‐aligned current at substorm onset
Authors: Uozumi Teiji , Yoshikawa A. , Ohtani S. , Imajo S. , Baishev D. G. , Moiseev A. V. , Yumoto K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this study, we examined middle‐ and low‐latitude Pi2 events to address the following two issues regarding the well‐known substorm current wedge (SCW) model for Pi2 pulsations: (1) the center of the SCW, which is estimated using the Pi2 polarization pattern, is not always collocated with that determined using the magnetic bay pattern; and (2) although ideally Pi2 hodograms would be linear, they tend to become circular. In this study, auroral breakup events were identified from Polar Ultraviolet Imager data. We assumed that the ionospheric footprint of the upward field‐aligned current (FAC) in each event was located at the position of the auroral breakup and subsequently calculated the signature of the magnetic variation at the middle‐latitude station Zyryanka (ZYK; GMLAT = 59.6°) that was generated by the upward FAC. In order to examine the magnetic effects of the upward FAC, we selected Pi2 events that were observed when ZYK was located on the duskward side of the auroral breakup location. A total of 112 events were selected and analyzed in this study. It was found that the location of the upward FAC of the SCW could be estimated more accurately by using an azimuth value predicted based on the initial deflection of the middle‐latitude Pi2. Our results suggest that the circular shapes of Pi2 polarization curves are caused by the delayed driven Alfvénic waves that are superimposed on the geomagnetic northward components of SCW oscillations.