bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise‐mediated modulation of autophagy in skeletal muscle
Authors: Martin‐Rincon M. , Morales‐Alamo D. , Calbet J. A. L. 
Published: July 2017

Although exercise exerts multiple beneficial health effects, it may also damage cellular structures. Damaged elements are continuously degraded and its constituents recycled to produce renovated structures through a process called autophagy, which is essential for the adaptation to training. Autophagy is particularly active in skeletal muscle, where it can be evaluated using specific molecular markers of activation (unc‐51‐like kinase 1 [ULK1] phosphorylation) and specific proteins indicating increased autophagosome content (increased total LC3, LC3‐II, LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio). Studies in humans are technically limited but have provided evidence suggesting the activation of autophagy in skeletal muscle through AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream target ULK1. Autophagy activation is more likely when the intensity is elevated and the exercise performed in the fasted state. The autophagy‐gene program and autophagosome content are upregulated after ultraendurance running competitions. However, autophagosome content is reduced after endurance exercise at moderate intensities (50% and 70% of VO2max) for 60‐120 minutes. Autophagosome content is decreased within the first few hours after resistance training. The effects of regular endurance and strength training on basal autophagy remain to be established in humans. One study has reported that acute severe hypoxia increases autophagosome content in human skeletal muscle, which is reverted by 20 minutes of low‐intensity exercise. Experiments with transgenic mice have shown that autophagy is necessary for skeletal muscle adaptation to training. Little is known on how genetic factors, environment, nutrition, drugs and diseases may interact with exercise to modulate autophagy at rest and during exercise in humans.
First Report and Complete Genome Sequence of Alfalfa Enamovirus from Sudan
Authors: Nemchinov Lev G. , Grinstead Samuel C. , Mollov Dimitre S. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
We report the complete genome sequence of a viral pathogen detected in alfalfa samples from Sudan and provisionally named alfalfa enamovirus 2 (AEV-2). Based on high nucleotide and amino acid identities, AEV-2 represents a strain of a newly discovered alfalfa enamovirus 1 that has only been described in Argentina.
Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus BFE5264, Isolated from Maasai Traditional Fermented Milk
Authors: Choi Sang-Haeng , Ji Yosep , Park Soyoung , Mathara Julius , Holzapfel Wilhelm , Kang Jihee 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete genome of
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
BFE5264, which was sequenced with the Pacific Biosciences RSII platform. The genome size is 3.01 Mb and includes 3,077 annotated coding sequences, including genes associated with the promotion of intestinal epithelial homeostasis through specific signaling pathways.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Multidrug-Resistant Sequence Type 231 Outbreak-Associated Clone of Klebsiella pneumoniae, KP41-2015, Producing OXA-232 Carbapenemase
Authors: Abdul Momin M. H. F. , Liakopoulos A. , Wareham D. W. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
infection is a rising public health threat due to limited therapeutic options. Here, we report the genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant
K. pneumoniae
sequence type 231 (ST231) strain associated with an outbreak of infections in an intensive care unit that carries a unique complement of resistance determinants.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two ATCC Staphylococcus aureus subsp.
aureus
Strains
Authors: Putonti Catherine , Kalesinskas Laurynas , Cudone Evan , Engelbrecht Kathleen C. , Koenig David W. , Wolfe Alan J. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Draft genome sequences for
Staphylococcus aureus
subsp.
aureus
Rosenbach ATCC 14458 and ATCC 27217 strains were investigated. The genome sizes were 2,880,761 bp and 2,759,100 bp, respectively. Strain ATCC 14458 was assembled into 39 contigs, including 3 plasmids, and strain ATCC 27217 was assembled into 25 contigs, including 2 plasmids.
The effects of shoe-worn insoles on gait biomechanics in people with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shaw Kathryn E , Charlton Jesse M , Perry Christina K L , de Vries Courtney M , Redekopp Matthew J , White Jordan A , Hunt Michael A 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThe effect of shoe-worn insoles on biomechanical variables in people with medial knee osteoarthritis has been studied extensively. The majority of research has focused specifically on the effect of lateral wedge insoles at the knee. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarise the known effects of different shoe-worn insoles on all biomechanical variables during level walking in this patient population to date.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched to identify studies containing biomechanical data using shoe-worn insole devices in the knee osteoarthritis population. Methodological quality was assessed and a random effects meta-analysis was performed on biomechanical variables reported in three or more studies for each insole.ResultsTwenty-seven studies of moderate-to-high methodological quality were included in this review. The primary findings were consistent reductions in the knee adduction moment with lateral wedge insoles, although increases in ankle eversion with these insoles were also found.ConclusionLateral wedge insoles produce small reductions in knee adduction angles and external moments, and moderate increases in ankle eversion. The addition of an arch support to a lateral wedge minimises ankle eversion change, and also minimises adduction moment reductions. The paucity of available data on other insole types and other biomechanical outcomes presents an opportunity for future research.
Chery Automobile
Authors: Luo Biao , Wang Chengyuan , Liang Liang 
Published: July 2017

Chery, which used to be the leader of Chinese indigenous automobile manufacturers as well as the entry-level market, has been losing its leader position since 2010. Chery, founded in 1997, has experienced a radical expansion along with industrial liberalization and economic growth in China since 2000. In 2007, Chery started the internationalization strategy by launching two middle and high-end brands and developing a series of joint ventures consecutively. However, Chery has confronted various challenges since 2010 with the growing maturity of Chinese automobile industry, including declining domestic sales and market share, and thus was in a weak position under attack. Finally, Chery announced its tactical adjustments in April 2013. This case describes the co-evolution between the environmental transitions of Chinese automotive industry and the business strategies of Chery. Students are asked to analyze the development of Chery and provide specific suggestions of future directions on competitive strategy for Chery.
Seismic tomography of the Arctic region: inferences for the thermal structure and evolution of the lithosphere
Authors: Lebedev Sergei , Schaeffer Andrew J. , Fullea Javier , Pease Victoria 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Waveform tomography with very large datasets reveals the upper-mantle structure of the Arctic in unprecedented detail. Using tomography jointly with computational petrology, we estimate temperature in the lithosphere–asthenosphere depth range and infer lithospheric structure and evolution. Most of the boundaries of the mantle roots of cratons in the Arctic are coincident with their geological boundaries at the surface. The thick lithospheres of the Greenland and North American cratons are separated by a corridor of thin lithosphere beneath Baffin Bay and through the middle of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago; the southern archipelago is part of the North American Craton. The mantle root of the cratonic block beneath northern Greenland may extend westwards as far as central Ellesmere Island. The Barents and Kara seas show high velocities indicative of thick lithosphere, similar to cratons. The locations of intraplate basaltic volcanism attributed to the High Arctic Large Igneous Province are all on thin, non-cratonic lithosphere. The lithosphere beneath the central part of the Siberian Traps is warmer than elsewhere beneath the Siberian Craton. This observation is consistent with lithospheric erosion associated with the large igneous province volcanism. A corridor of relatively low seismic velocities cuts east–west across central Greenland. This indicates lithospheric thinning, which appears to delineate the track of the Iceland hotspot.
Collaborative PCA/DCA Learning Methods for Compressive Privacy
Authors: Kung Sun-Yuan , Chanyaswad Thee , Chang J. Morris , Wu Peiyuan 
Published: July 2017

In the Internet era, the data being collected on consumers like us are growing exponentially, and attacks on our privacy are becoming a real threat. To better ensure our privacy, it is safer to let the data owner control the data to be uploaded to the network as opposed to taking chance with data servers or third parties. To this end, we propose
compressive privacy
, a privacy-preserving technique to enable the data creator to compress data via collaborative learning so that the compressed data uploaded onto the Internet will be useful only for the intended utility and not be easily diverted to malicious applications.

For data in a high-dimensional feature vector space, a common approach to data compression is dimension reduction or, equivalently, subspace projection. The most prominent tool is principal component analysis (PCA). For unsupervised learning, PCA can best recover the original data given a specific reduced dimensionality. However, for the supervised learning environment, it is more effective to adopt a supervised PCA, known as discriminant component analysis (DCA), to maximize the discriminant capability.
The DCA subspace analysis embraces two different subspaces. The signal-subspace components of DCA are associated with the discriminant distance/power (related to the classification effectiveness), whereas the noise subspace components of DCA are tightly coupled with recoverability and/or privacy protection. This article presents three DCA-related data compression methods useful for privacy-preserving applications:

—
Utility-driven DCA
: Because the rank of the signal subspace is limited by the number of classes, DCA can effectively support classification using a relatively small dimensionality (i.e., high compression).

—
Desensitized PCA
: By incorporating a signal-subspace ridge into DCA, it leads to a variant especially effective for extracting privacy-preserving components. In this case, the eigenvalues of the noise-space are made to become insensitive to the privacy labels and are ordered according to their corresponding component powers.

—
Desensitized K-means/SOM
: Since the revelation of the K-means or SOM cluster structure could leak sensitive information, it is safer to perform K-means or SOM clustering on a desensitized PCA subspace.
Dietary nitrate supplementation increases acute mountain sickness severity and sense of effort during hypoxic exercise
Authors: Rossetti Gabriella M. K. , Macdonald Jamie H. , Wylie Lee J. , Little Samuel J. , Newton Victoria , Wood Benjamin , Hawkins Kieran A. , Beddoe Rhys , Davies Hannah E. , Oliver Samuel J. 
Published: July 2017

Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances sea level performance and may ameliorate hypoxemia at high altitude. However, nitrate may exacerbate acute mountain sickness (AMS), specifically headache. This study investigated the effect of nitrate supplementation on AMS symptoms and exercise responses with 6-h hypoxia. Twenty recreationally active men [age, 22 ± 4 yr, maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max), 51 ± 6 ml·min−1·kg−1, means ± SD] completed this randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled crossover study. Twelve participants were classified as AMS− on the basis of Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire [Acute Cerebral Mountain Sickness score (AMS-C)] <0.7 in both trials, and five participants were classified as AMS+ on the basis of AMS-C ≥0.7 on placebo. Five days of nitrate supplementation (70-ml beetroot juice containing ~6.4 mmol nitrate daily) increased plasma NO metabolites by 182 µM compared with placebo but did not reduce AMS or improve exercise performance. After 4-h hypoxia [inspired O2 fraction ([Formula: see text]) = 0.124], nitrate increased AMS-C and headache severity (visual analog scale; whole sample ∆10 [1, 20] mm, mean difference [95% confidence interval]; P = 0.03) compared with placebo. In addition, after 5-h hypoxia, nitrate increased sense of effort during submaximal exercise (∆7 [−1, 14]; P = 0.07). In AMS−, nitrate did not alter headache or sense of effort. In contrast, in AMS+, nitrate increased headache severity (∆26 [−3, 56] mm; P = 0.07), sense of effort (∆14 [1, 28]; P = 0.04), oxygen consumption, ventilation, and mean arterial pressure during submaximal exercise. On the next day, in a separate acute hypoxic exercise test ([Formula: see text] = 0.141), nitrate did not improve time to exhaustion at 80% hypoxic V̇o2max. In conclusion, dietary nitrate increases AMS and sense of effort during exercise, particularly in those who experience AMS. Dietary nitrate is therefore not recommended as an AMS prophylactic or ergogenic aid in nonacclimatized individuals at altitude. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to identify that the popular dietary nitrate supplement (beetroot) does not reduce acute mountain sickness (AMS) or improve exercise performance during 6-h hypoxia. The consumption of nitrate in those susceptible to AMS exacerbates AMS symptoms (headache) and sense of effort and raises oxygen cost, ventilation, and blood pressure during walking exercise in 6-h hypoxia. These data question the suitability of nitrate supplementation during altitude travel in nonacclimatized people.
Reduced collagen accumulation and augmented MMP-2 activity in left ventricle of old rats submitted to high-intensity resistance training
Authors: Guzzoni Vinicius , Marqueti Rita de Cássia , Durigan João Luíz Quagliotti , Faustino de Carvalho Hernandes , Lino Rafael Luis Bressani , Mekaro Marcelo S. , Costa Santos Tayná Oliveira , Mecawi André Souza , Rodrigues José Antunes , Hord Jeffrey M. , Lawler Jonh M. , Davel Ana Paula , Selistre-de-Araújo Heloísa Sobreiro 
Published: July 2017

Progressive fibrosis is a hallmark of the aging heart. Age-related fibrosis is modulated by endurance exercise training; however, little is known concerning the influence of resistance training (RT). Therefore we investigated the chronic effects of high-intensity RT on age-associated alterations of left ventricle (LV) structure, collagen content, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and extracellular matrix-related gene expression, including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Young adult (3 mo) and aged (21 mo) male Wistar rats were submitted to a RT protocol (ladder climbing with 65, 85, 95, and 100% load), three times a week for 12 wk. Forty-eight hours posttraining, arterial systolic and diastolic pressure, LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and dP/d t were recorded. LV morphology, collagen deposition, and gene expression of type I (COL-I) and type III (COL-III) collagen, MMP-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), and TGF-β1 were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. MMP-2 content was assessed by zymography. Increased collagen deposition was observed in LV from aged rats. These parameters were modulated by RT and were associated with increased MMP-2 activity and decreased COL-I, TGF-β1, and TIMP-1 mRNA content. Despite the effect of RT on collagen accumulation, there was no improvement on LVEDP and maximal negative LV dP/d t of aged rats. Cardiomyocyte diameter was preserved in all experimental conditions. In conclusion, RT attenuated age-associated collagen accumulation, concomitant to the increase in MMP-2 activity and decreased expression of COL-I, TGF-β1, and TIMP-1 in LV, illustrating a cardioprotective effect of RT on ventricular structure and function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated the beneficial resistance-training effect against age-related left ventricle collagen accumulation in the left ventricle, which was associated with decreased type I collagen (COL-I), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) gene expression and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity. Our findings suggest for the first time the potential effects of resistance training in modulating collagen accumulation and possibly fibrosis in the aging heart.
FOXC1 Regulates FGFR1 Isoform Switching to Promote Invasion Following TGFβ-Induced EMT
Authors: Hopkins Alex , Coatham Mackenzie L. , Berry Fred B. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important physiologic process that drives tissue formation during development, but also contributes to disease pathogenesis, including fibrosis and cancer metastasis. Elevated expression of the FOXC1 transcription factor has been detected in several metastatic cancers that have undergone EMT. Therefore, mechanistic insight into the role of FOXC1 in the initiation of the EMT process was sought. It was determined that although Foxc1 transcript expression was elevated following TGFβ1-induced EMT of NMuMG cells, FOXC1 was not required for this induction. RNA sequencing revealed that the mRNA levels of FGF receptor 1-isoform IIIc (Fgfr1-IIIc), normally activated upon TGFβ1 treatment, were reduced in Foxc1 knockdown cells, and overexpression of Foxc1 was sufficient to induce Fgfr1-IIIc expression, but not EMT. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that FOXC1 binds to an Fgfr1 upstream regulatory region and that FOXC1 activates an Fgfr1 promoter element. Furthermore, elevated expression of Foxc1 led to increased Fgfr1-IIIc transcript. Foxc1 knockdown impaired the FGF2-mediated three-dimensional migratory ability of NMuMG cells, which was rescued by expression of FGFR1. In addition, elevated expression of FOXC1 and FGFR1 was also observed in migratory mesenchymal MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Together, these results define a role for FOXC1 in specifying an invasive mesenchymal cell type by promoting FGFR1 isoform switching following induction of TGFβ1-mediated EMT. Mol Cancer Res; 15(10); 1341–53. ©2017 AACR.
Endothelial Cell Autophagy Maintains Shear Stress–Induced Nitric Oxide Generation via Glycolysis-Dependent Purinergic Signaling to Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase
Authors: Bharath Leena P. , Cho Jae Min , Park Seul-Ki , Ruan Ting , Li Youyou , Mueller Robert , Bean Tyler , Reese Van , Richardson Russel S. , Cai Jinjin , Sargsyan Ashot , Pires Karla , Anandh Babu Pon Velayutham , Boudina Sihem , Graham Timothy E. , Symons J. David 
Published: July 2017

Objective—
Impaired endothelial cell (EC) autophagy compromises shear stress–induced nitric oxide (NO) generation. We determined the responsible mechanism.

Approach and Results—

On autophagy compromise in bovine aortic ECs exposed to shear stress, a decrease in glucose uptake and EC glycolysis attenuated ATP production. We hypothesized that decreased glycolysis-dependent purinergic signaling via P2Y1 (P2Y purinoceptor 1) receptors, secondary to impaired autophagy in ECs, prevents shear-induced phosphorylation of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) at its positive regulatory site S1117 (p-eNOS
S1177
) and NO generation. Maneuvers that restore glucose transport and glycolysis (eg, overexpression of GLUT1 [glucose transporter 1]) or purinergic signaling (eg, addition of exogenous ADP) rescue shear-induced p-eNOS
S1177
and NO production in ECs with impaired autophagy. Conversely, inhibiting glucose transport via GLUT1 small interfering RNA, blocking purinergic signaling via ectonucleotidase-mediated ATP/ADP degradation (eg, apyrase), or inhibiting P2Y1 receptors using pharmacological (eg, MRS2179 [2′-deoxy-
N
6
-methyladenosine 3′,5′-bisphosphate tetrasodium salt]) or genetic (eg, P2Y1-receptor small interfering RNA) procedures inhibit shear-induced p-eNOS
S1177
and NO generation in ECs with intact autophagy. Supporting a central role for PKCδ
T505
(protein kinase C delta T505) in relaying the autophagy-dependent purinergic-mediated signal to eNOS, we find that (1) shear stress–induced activating phosphorylation of PKCδ
T505
is negated by inhibiting autophagy, (2) shear-induced p-eNOS
S1177
and NO generation are restored in autophagy-impaired ECs via pharmacological (eg, bryostatin) or genetic (eg, constitutively active PKCδ) activation of PKCδ
T505
, and (3) pharmacological (eg, rottlerin) and genetic (eg, PKCδ small interfering RNA) PKCδ inhibition prevents shear-induced p-eNOS
S1177
and NO generation in ECs with intact autophagy. Key nodes of dysregulation in this pathway on autophagy compromise were revealed in human arterial ECs.

Conclusions—
Targeted reactivation of purinergic signaling and PKCδ has strategic potential to restore compromised NO generation in pathologies associated with suppressed EC autophagy.
Automatic Recruitment of the Motor System by Undetected Graspable Objects: A Motor-evoked Potential Study
Authors: McNair Nicolas A. , Behrens Ashleigh D. , Harris Irina M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Previous behavioral and neuroimaging studies have suggested that the motor properties associated with graspable objects may be automatically accessed when people passively view these objects. We directly tested this by measuring the excitability of the motor pathway when participants viewed pictures of graspable objects that were presented during the attentional blink (AB), when items frequently go undetected. Participants had to identify two briefly presented objects separated by either a short or long SOA. Motor-evoked potentials were measured from the right hand in response to a single TMS pulse delivered over the left primary motor cortex 250 msec after the onset of the second target. Behavioral results showed poorer identification of objects at short SOA compared with long SOA, consistent with an AB, which did not differ between graspable and nongraspable objects. However, motor-evoked potentials measured during the AB were significantly higher for graspable objects than for nongraspable objects, irrespective of whether the object was successfully identified or undetected. This provides direct evidence that the motor system is automatically activated during visual processing of objects that afford a motor action.