bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White matter integrity as a mediator in the relationship between dietary nutrients and cognition in the elderly
Authors: Gu Yian , Vorburger Robert S. , Gazes Yunglin , Habeck Christian G. , Stern Yaakov , Luchsinger José A. , Manly Jennifer J. , Schupf Nicole , Mayeux Richard , Brickman Adam M. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveWe examined the association of nutrient intake with microstructural white matter integrity, and the role of white matter integrity in the association between nutrient consumption and cognition.MethodsThis cross‐sectional analysis included 239 elderly (age ≥ 65 years) participants of a multiethnic cohort. White matter integrity was measured with fractional anisotropy (FA) from diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Nutrient patterns were derived from principal component analysis based on energy‐adjusted intake of 24 selected nutrients. Generalized linear models were used to assess the association between nutrient patterns and mean FA of 26 white matter tracts. Mediation analysis was used to determine whether FA mediates the nutrient–cognition relationship. All models were adjusted for age at time of scan, gender, ethnicity, education, caloric intake, and apolipoprotein genotype.ResultsAmong the identified 6 nutrient patterns, 1 (nutrient pattern 6, characterized by high intakes of Ω‐3 and Ω‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E) was positively associated with FA. Those with the highest tertile of nutrient pattern 6 score had a mean of 0.01 (p = 0.01) higher FA value than those with the lowest tertile, similar to the effect of a 10‐year decrease in age (b for age = −0.001, p = 0.01). FA mediated the relationship between nutrient pattern 6 and memory, language, visuospatial and speed/executive function, and mean cognitive scores.InterpretationOur study suggests that older adults consuming more polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E rich foods had better white matter integrity, and that maintaining white matter microstructural integrity might be a mechanism for the beneficial role of diet on cognition. Ann Neurol 2016;79:1014–1025
Recombinant human erythropoietin improves neurological outcomes in very preterm infants
Authors: Song Juan , Sun Huiqing , Xu Falin , Kang Wenqing , Gao Liang , Guo Jiajia , Zhang Yanhua , Xia Lei , Wang Xiaoyang , Zhu Changlian 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of repeated low‐dose human recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO) in the improvement of neurological outcomes in very preterm infants.MethodsA total of 800 infants of ≤32‐week gestational age who had been in an intensive care unit within 72 hours after birth were included in the trial between January 2009 and June 2013. Preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive rhEPO (500IU/kg; n = 366) or placebo (n = 377) intravenously within 72 hours after birth and then once every other day for 2 weeks. The primary outcome was death or moderate to severe neurological disability assessed at 18 months of corrected age.ResultsDeath and moderate/severe neurological disability occurred in 91 of 338 very preterm infants (26.9%) in the placebo group and in 43 of 330 very preterm infants (13.0%) in the rhEPO treatment group (relative risk [RR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27–0.59, p < 0.001) at 18 months of corrected age. The rate of moderate/severe neurological disability in the rhEPO group (22 of 309, 7.1%) was significantly lower compared to the placebo group (57 of 304, 18.8%; RR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.19–0.55, p < 0.001), and no excess adverse events were observed.InterpretationRepeated low‐dose rhEPO treatment reduced the risk of long‐term neurological disability in very preterm infants with no obvious adverse effects. Ann Neurol 2016;80:24–34
PYCR2 Mutations cause a lethal syndrome of microcephaly and failure to thrive
Authors: Zaki Maha S. , Bhat Gifty , Sultan Tipu , Issa Mahmoud , Jung Hea‐Jin , Dikoglu Esra , Selim Laila , G. Mahmoud Imam , Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed S. , Abdel‐Salam Ghada , Marin‐Valencia Isaac , Gleeson Joseph G. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveA study was undertaken to characterize the clinical features of the newly described hypomyelinating leukodystrophy type 10 with microcephaly. This is an autosomal recessive disorder mapped to chromosome 1q42.12 due to mutations in the PYCR2 gene, encoding an enzyme involved in proline synthesis in mitochondria.MethodsFrom several international clinics, 11 consanguineous families were identified with PYCR2 mutations by whole exome or targeted sequencing, with detailed clinical and radiological phenotyping. Selective mutations from patients were tested for effect on protein function.ResultsThe characteristic clinical presentation of patients with PYCR2 mutations included failure to thrive, microcephaly, craniofacial dysmorphism, progressive psychomotor disability, hyperkinetic movements, and axial hypotonia with variable appendicular spasticity. Patients did not survive beyond the first decade of life. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed global brain atrophy and white matter T2 hyperintensities. Routine serum metabolic profiles were unremarkable. Both nonsense and missense mutations were identified, which impaired protein multimerization.InterpretationPYCR2‐related syndrome represents a clinically recognizable condition in which PYCR2 mutations lead to protein dysfunction, not detectable on routine biochemical assessments. Mutations predict a poor outcome, probably as a result of impaired mitochondrial function. Ann Neurol 2016;80:59–70
Autoantibody pathogenicity in a multifocal motor neuropathy induced pluripotent stem cell–derived model
Authors: Harschnitz Oliver , van den Berg Leonard H. , Johansen Lill Eva , Jansen Marc D. , Kling Sandra , Vieira de Sá Renata , Vlam Lotte , van Rheenen Wouter , Karst Henk , Wierenga Corette J. , Pasterkamp R. Jeroen , van der Pol W. Ludo 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveWe investigated the pathogenicity of immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti‐GM1 antibodies in serum from patients with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived motor neurons (MNs).MethodsiPSCs were generated from fibroblasts and differentiated into MNs. We studied the binding of IgM to MNs, their complement‐activating properties, and effects on structural integrity using fluorescence and electron microscopy. Live cell imaging was used to study effects of antibody binding on MNs in the presence and absence of complement.ResultsIgM antibody binding to MNs was detected using sera from MMN patients with and without detectable anti‐GM1 IgM antibody titers in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, but not with sera from (disease) controls. Competition and depletion experiments showed that antibodies specifically bound to GM1 on iPSC‐derived MNs. Binding of these antibodies disrupted calcium homeostasis by both complement‐dependent and complement‐independent pathways. MNs showed marked axonal damage after complement activation, and reduced antibody pathogenicity following treatment with immunoglobulin preparations.InterpretationOur data provide evidence for the pathogenicity of anti‐GM1 IgM antibodies in MMN patients and link their presence to the clinical characteristics of axonal damage and immunoglobulin responsiveness. This iPSC‐derived disease model will facilitate diagnosis, studies on autoantibody pathogenicity, drug development, and screening in immune‐mediated neuropathies. Ann Neurol 2016;80:71–88
Chitosan from Muga silkworms (Antheraea assamensis) and its influence on thermal degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) based biocomposite films
Authors: Kumar Pal Akhilesh , Das Ananya , Katiyar Vimal 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe research work is focused on extraction of chitin from Muga silkworms (MS) and its conversion into chitosan by chemical treatment process. The extracted amount of chitin and chitosan from MS were obtained ∼8 wt % and ∼7 wt %, respectively. Potentiometric titrations, conductometric titrations, elemental analysis, 1H‐NMR and FTIR analyses were employed to calculate the degree of deacetylation of chitosan (extracted at 80 ºC after 10 h) and found as 77% ± 2, 81% ± 1.8, 82% ± 2.4, 97.77% ± 0.3, and 82% ± 1.8, respectively. The deacetylation process of chitin showed pseudo‐first order reaction kinetics and activation energy was estimated as ∼15.5 kJ/mole. The extracted chitosan (at 80 ºC after 10 h) showed higher crystallinity and improved thermal stability with respect to chitosan extracted from other marine sources. Subsequently, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and extracted chitosan dispersed biocomposite films were prepared by solution casting method. Significant dispersion of chitosan (extracted at 80 ºC after 10 h) micro‐particles were observed in biocomposite films using FESEM analysis. Due to chitosan interaction with PLA, significant reduction in thermal degradation and activation energy was observed during nonisothermal degradation scan of such films using Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa and Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose models. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43710.
Enhancing compatibility between poly(lactic acid) and thermoplastic starch using admicellar polymerization
Authors: Hemvichian Kasinee , Suwanmala Phiriyatorn , Kangsumrith Wararat , Sudcha Prapanee , Inchoto Kamonnit , Pongprayoon Thirawudh , Güven Olgun 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAn alternative method to improve the compatibility between poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and cassava starch (CS) is proposed and investigated. Admicellar polymerization is used to modify the surface of CS with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in order to make it more hydrophobic and hence more compatible with PLA. The increased hydrophobicity of PMMA modified cassava starch (MS) is validated by contact angle measurement. Results from iodine test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm the formation of PMMA film on MS surface. Mechanical properties of PLA‐CS and PLA‐MS blends are investigated to compare their compatibility. Noticeable improvements in blend tensile strength and elongation at break evidently show that MS is more hydrophobic as well as more compatible with PLA than CS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43755.
Photocrosslinked biobased phase change material for thermal energy storage
Authors: Baştürk Emre , Kahraman Memet Vezir 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA series of novel photocrosslinked biobased shape‐stabilized phase change materials (PCMs) based on octadecanol, eicosanol and docosanol have been prepared by UV technique for the purpose of thermal energy storage applications. Epoxidized soybean oil was reacted with acrylic acid to form acrylated soybean oil (ASO). The structure and composition, cross‐section morphology, thermal stability performances and phase change behaviors of ASO and UV‐cured PCMs were examined by using Attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis system (TGA), scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicate that the UV‐cured biobased PCMs possess perfect phase change properties and a suitable working temperature range. The heating process phase change enthalpy is measured between 30 and 68 J/g, and the freezing process phase change enthalpy is found between 18 and 70 J/g. The decomposition of UV‐cured PCMs started at 260 °C and reached a maximum of 430 °C. All the biobased UV‐cured PCMs improved latent heat storage capacity in comparison with the pristine ASO sample. With the obtained results we conclude that, these materials promise a great potential in thermal energy storage applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43757.
Detergent impurity effect on recycled HDPE: Properties after repetitive processing
Authors: Mylläri Ville , Hartikainen Samuel , Poliakova Valeria , Anderson Reetta , Jönkkäri Ilari , Pasanen Pertti , Andersson Mirja , Vuorinen Jyrki 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTHigh density polyethylene (rHDPE) is extruded 1 to 8 times, with and without detergent, to simulate the effects of impurities on the material and on the artificial ageing process. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, rheology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions are measured. According to the results, ageing of rHDPE increases tensile strength, reduces elongation, and enhances side chain branching of the material and thus causes rheological changes. The addition of detergent reduces changes in mechanical properties and rheological behavior but accelerates thermal degradation. VOC and FTIR measurements of the samples with detergent addition show generation of harmful 1,4‐dioxane. The amount of total emission, as well as emissions of important perfumes limonene and 1R‐α‐pinene, decreases during multiple extrusion cycles. Heating of the plastics is found to be a major factor in the VOC emission reduction. Impurities have a notable effect on the artificial ageing results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43766.
Trifunctional cross‐linker trimethylol melamine enhancing adhesive force of PVA hydrogels
Authors: Wang Yajun , Gao Zijian , Guan Shuang , Ye Tengyang , Yu Zhe , Gao Guang Hui 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAdhesive force is a critical feature in vitro for soft hydrogels as wound dressing. Here we employ trimethylol melamine as a tri‐functional cross‐linker to enhance the adhesive force of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels. First, trimethylol melamine was prepared using melamine and formaldehyde by a condensation reaction. Then PVA was cross‐linked in an aqueous medium to form hydrogels by using trimethylol melamine as a cross‐linker. It was found that trimethylol melamine cross‐linked PVA hydrogels (TMCPVA) exhibited a good adhesion property with a low degree of cross‐linking and no residue after the TMCPVA peeled from skins, indicating the TMCPVA were suitable for adhesive wound dressing. Moreover, their structures, morphology and adhesive forces were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and texture analyzer (TA). The results indicated that TMCPVA would be promising wound dressing materials with biocompatible and well‐adhesive properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43774.
Fabrication of nanodiamond‐based composite monolithic column and its application in separation of small molecules
Authors: Wei A. L. , Liu H. Y. , Wang F. Q. , Li X. Y. , Yan H. Y. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA nanodiamond‐based composite monolithic column was fabricated by redox initiation for high‐performance liquid chromatography. In the fabrication process, functionalized nanodiamond was used as the functional monomer, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate and 1,10‐decanediol diacrylate as cross‐linking agents, polyethylene glycol 400 and 1‐propanol as coporogens, and dibenzoyl peroxide and N,N‐dimethyl aniline as initiators. Compared to polymer monolithic columns without nanodiamond, a nanodiamond‐based composite monolithic column prepared under the same conditions exhibited relatively high resolution and efficiency. Characterizations of the resulting nanocomposite were carried out, including scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm measurement, and thermogravimetric analysis. The ND‐based composite monolith exhibited a uniform and reticular skeleton microstructure, thermal stability, and mechanical stability. In addition, the nanodiamond‐based composite monolithic column was used to separate a series of small molecules with good resolution and reproducibility in high‐performance liquid chromatography. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43776.
Polysulfone‐based composite membranes with functionalized carbon nanotubes show controlled porosity and enhanced electrical conductivity
Authors: Mangukiya S. , Prajapati S. , Kumar S. , Aswal V. K. , Murthy C. N. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTComposite membranes of functionalized (–COOH, –CONH2, –N3) carbon nanotubes/polysulfone (CNT/PS) synthesized by the phase‐inversion method show unique properties with respect to surface characteristics and the selective separation of metal ions from aqueous solution. Apart from the reduction in the pore size depending on the type of functionalities on the nanotubes, the pure water permeation could reach up to as high as ∼600 L m−2 h−1 (LMH) at reduced pressures and could be due to the functionalized tips of the nanotubes on the membrane surface resulting from the phase inversion process used for the membrane fabrication. The membranes were characterized by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) to confirm the uniform distribution of the nanopores and the surface morphology of the membranes. Results show that rejection of Cu(II) was better than Pb(II) depending on the surface functionality. Interestingly, these membranes also showed enhanced conductivities in the range of 1.0 × 10−2 S cm−1, the conductivity depending on the type of functionality on the nanotubes, thus confirming the presence of functionalized nanotubes tips on the membrane surface. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43778.
Simultaneous determination of thirteen kinds of amino acid and eight kinds of acylcarnitine in human serum by LC–MS/MS and its application to measure the serum concentration of lung cancer patients
Authors: Ni Junjun , Xu Li , Li Wei , Wu Lijun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEasy‐to‐use early cancer detection methods based on metabolomics using serum samples have been developed recently. Among metabolites, amino acids and acylcarnitine are two of the most suitable candidates for diagnosing lung cancer. The purpose of the present study was to develop a novel, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method to simultaneously determine 13 amino acids and 8 acylcarnitines in lung cancer patients in serum. After derivatization, the 21 analytes were separated using a C18 column with gradient elution program in 14 min, obtaining recovery within 90.4–113.8% and precision within 0.3–14.8%. The method was successfully applied in concentration determination of lung cancer patients and healthy controls. The results showed that the serum concentration of lung cancer patients were significant from those of healthy controls.
Expanding Substrate Promiscuity by Engineering a Novel Adenylating‐Methylating NRPS Bifunctional Enzyme
Authors: Shrestha Sanjib K. , Garneau‐Tsodikova Sylvie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNonribosomal peptides synthetases (NRPSs), which are multifunctional mega‐enzymes producing many biologically active metabolites, are ideal targets for enzyme engineering. NRPS adenylation domains play a critical role in selecting/activating the amino acids to be transferred to downstream NRPS domains in the biosynthesis of natural products. Both monofunctional and bifunctional A domains interrupted with an auxiliary domain are found in nature. Here, we show that a bifunctional interrupted A domain can be uninterrupted by deleting its methyltransferase auxiliary domain portion to make an active monofunctional enzyme. We also demonstrate that a portion of an auxiliary domain with almost no sequence identity to the original auxiliary domain can be insert into naturally interrupted A domain to develop a new active bifunctional A domain with increased substrate profile. This work shows promise for the creation of new interrupted A domains in engineered NRPS enzymes.
Mild and Copper‐Free Stereoselective Cyanation of gem‐Difluoroalkenes by Using Benzyl Nitrile as a Cyanating Reagent
Authors: Zhang Juan , Xu Chengyuan , Wu Wei , Cao Song 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA novel copper‐free highly stereoselective cyanation of gem‐difluoroalkenes by using benzyl nitrile as a cyanating reagent with the assistance of tBuOLi under air atmosphere at room temperature was developed. A variety of versatile fluorinated alkenyl nitriles were obtained. The proposed mechanism involved the C−H bond oxidation, C−CN bond cleavage, and then nucleophilic vinylic substitution (SNV).
Gold‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photophysical/Chiroptical Properties of Aza[10]helicenes
Authors: Tanaka Maya , Shibata Yu , Nakamura Kyosuke , Teraoka Kota , Uekusa Hidehiro , Nakazono Kazuko , Takata Toshikazu , Tanaka Ken 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe enantioselective synthesis of an aza[10]helicene, possessing two pyridone units, has been achieved by the gold‐catalyzed intramolecular quadruple hydroarylation of a tetrayne. This aza[10]helicene was successfully converted into a fully aromatic aza[10]helicene, possessing two pyridine units. Structure–photophysical and chiroptical properties relationship in a series of azahelicene isomers has also been disclosed.
A Monolithically Integrated Gallium Nitride Nanowire/Silicon Solar Cell Photocathode for Selective Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methane
Authors: Wang Yichen , Fan Shizhao , AlOtaibi Bandar , Wang Yongjie , Li Lu , Mi Zetian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA gallium nitride nanowire/silicon solar cell photocathode for the photoreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) is demonstrated. Such a monolithically integrated nanowire/solar cell photocathode offers several unique advantages, including the absorption of a large part of the solar spectrum and highly efficient carrier extraction. With the incorporation of copper as the co‐catalyst, the devices exhibit a Faradaic efficiency of about 19 % for the 8e− photoreduction to CH4 at −1.4 V vs Ag/AgCl, a value that is more than thirty times higher than that for the 2e− reduced CO (ca. 0.6 %).
ChemInform Abstract: ROOM‐TEMPERATURE STRENGTH AND FRACTURE OF ZIRCONIA‐YTTRIA SINGLE CRYSTALS
Authors: INGEL R. P. , RICE R. W. , LEWIS D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPartiell stabilisierte lrOz‐Einkristalle von 2 cm Durchmesser und 5 cm Länge (dargestellt durch tiegelfreies Schmelzen) mit 4‐6 Gew.‐% Y2O3 zeigen gegenüber den vollständig stabilisierten Proben mit 20 Gew.‐% Y2O3 eine dramatische Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften.
ChemInform Abstract: DEFECT DIFFUSION IN SINGLE CRYSTALS AND POLYCRYSTALS OF COBALT OXIDE (CO1‐XO)
Authors: CHOWDHRY U. , COBLE R. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThermogravimetrische und Leitfähigkeitsmessungen an einkristallinem und polykristallinem C00 zeigen, daß einfach ionisierte Leerstellen bei Temp. zwischen 800 und 1040°C und O2 ‐Drücken zwischen l0 Pa und 105 Pa die vorherrschenden Störstellen sind.
ChemInform Abstract: SURFACE‐MODIFIED P‐INDIUM PHOSPHIDE PHOTOCATHODES IN SULFIDE/POLYSULFIDE ELECTROLYTE
Authors: LIU C. J. , ANG P. G. P. , SAMMELLS A. F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMit CoCl2‐Lösung auf der Oberfläche modifizierte p‐InP‐Photokathoden zeigen in photoelektrochemischen Zellen einen verstärkten Photoeffekt.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF POLYHEDRAL BORON HALIDE ANIONS
Authors: BOWDEN W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie B‐halogenid‐ Anionen (I) und (II) lassen sich elektrochemisch in MeCN und CH2Cl2 in 2 reversiblen Einelektronen‐Folgeprozessen (Reaktion A) oxidieren, während für B120 ; nur eine Oxidation beobachtet wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF OXYGEN WITH SILICON(111) AND (100): CRITICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE GROWTH OF SILICON DIOXIDE
Authors: SMITH F. W. , GHIDINI G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Reaktionen von O2 mit sauberen Si(111)‐ und ‐(100)‐Oberflächen werden im Temp.‐Bereich 890‐1190°C bei O2‐Drücken zwischen 5·10‐5 und 5·10‐2 Torr untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS AND CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF RUTHENIUM DIOXIDE HYDRATE WITH AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF CERIUM(IV)
Authors: MILLS A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRuO2°C x H2O ist in Pulverform ein schlechter Redoxkatalysator für das System Ce4+/0.5 mol dm′3 H2SO4, während es in Form eines Träger katalysators z.B. mit TiO2 als Träger bessere katalytische Aktivität aufweist.