bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorimetric method for rapid detection of Oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and its comparison with PCR for mec A gene
Authors: Ghanwate Niraj , Thakare Prashant , Bhise P. R. , Gawande Sonali 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRapid and accurate detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important role of clinical microbiology laboratories to avoid treatment failure. The detection of MRSA is based on phenotypic assays which require at least 24 h to perform. Detection of the mecA gene or of PBP 2a is the “gold standard”, but not always available. The aim of this study was to evaluate a rapid method for detection of MRSA by using 3 (4, 5 dimethyl thiazole -2-yl) -2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). Total 126 isolates of MRSA were collected from tertiary healthcare center and were confirmed by oxacillin screening agar test as per CLSI guidelines. Amplification of mecA gene was performed by using PCR. MTT assay was carried out for all the isolates in 96 well Microtitre plate and compared with standard methods of CLSI. Out of 126 isolates, 98 were found to be mecA positive. MTT method was found to be 98.98% sensitive and 96.43% specific. The MTT based colorimetric method is rapid and simple test for screening of oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. It significantly shortens the time to just 7 h required to obtained a drug susceptibility test and could be useful to screen MRSA.
FNDC5 is produced in the stomach and associated to body composition
Authors: Barja-Fernández S. , Folgueira C. , Castelao C. , Al-Massadi O. , Bravo S. B. , Garcia-Caballero T. , Leis R. , Pardo M. , Casanueva F. F. , Seoane L. M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) discovered in 2002 has recently gained attention due to its potential role in protecting against obesity. In rat, no data exist regarding FNDC5 production and regulation in the stomach. The aim of the present work was to determine the expression of FNDC5 in the rat stomach and its potential regulation by body composition. The present data shows FNDC5 gene expression in the gastric mucosa. Immunohistochemical studies found FNDC5 immunopositivity in chief cells of gastric tissue. By the use of three different antibodies FNDC5 was found expressed in gastric mucosa and secreted by the stomach. The rate of gastric FNDC5 secretion parallels the circulating levels of FNDC5. The body fat mass increase after intervention with high fat diet coincided with a decrease in the secretion of FNDC5 from the stomach and a diminution in the FNDC5 circulating levels. In summary, the present data shows, for the first time, the expression of FNDC5 in the stomach of rats and its regulation by body composition, suggesting a potential role of gastric FNDC5 in energy homeostasis.
Outcomes of an International Audiology Service-Learning Study-Abroad Program
Authors: Krishnan Lata A. , Richards K. Andrew R. , Simpson Jennifer M. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate students' academic and civic learning, with particular interest in cultural competence, gained through participation in the Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences in Zambia study-abroad program.

Method
Twelve female students participated in the program. Quantitative data collected included pre- and postprogram administration of the Public Affairs Scale (Levesque-Bristol & Cornelius-White, 2012) to measure changes in participants' civic learning. Qualitative data included journals, end-of-program reflection papers, videos, and researcher field notes. Feedback was also obtained from community-partner organizations via a questionnaire and rating scale.

Results
Comparison of the pre- and postprogram Public Affairs Scale data showed a significant increase in cultural competence and a marginal increase in community engagement at the conclusion of the program. Qualitative data showed that participants' cultural awareness was increased, they benefited from hands-on learning, and they experienced a variety of emotions and emotional and personal growth.

Conclusions
Results show that a short-term study-abroad program with a service-learning component can be a mechanism for students to enhance academic and civic learning, specifically cultural competence and clinical skills. Sustainability of programs is a challenge that needs to be addressed.
Impact of discovery reference signals in LTE small‐cell eNB on audio devices
Authors: Choi S. , Park S. , Ahn S. 
Published: March 2016

The impact of acoustic interferences caused by discovery reference signals (DRS) in the long‐term evolution small‐cell evolved node B (eNB) in the proximity of audio devices is investigated. The spectra of DRS and the sound pressure levels of the acoustic interferences due to DRS are examined through both a theoretical analysis and experiments. As the key parameters, the period and the duration of DRS are considered for minimising acoustic interferences. Based on the analysis results, the period and the duration of DRS are set to 160 and 1 ms, respectively, within Third Generation Partnership Project release 12. In addition, the proposed DRS setting values allow to increase the eNB transmit power up to 6 dB without increasing the acoustic interference levels on audio devices.
Auf der Sonnenseite
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut 
Published: March 2016

Des einen Leid ist des anderen Freud: Die malade Finanzwirtschaft wird viele öffentliche Haushalte überlasten und den Privatisierungszug im Gesundheitswesen vorantreiben.
An den Börsen werden goldene Zeiten für die Aktien von Rhön und Co. anbrechen.
Response of single bacterial cells to stress gives rise to complex history dependence at the population level
Authors: Mathis Roland , Ackermann Martin 
Published: March 2016

Significance
The ability to memorize information from the past is well known in complex organisms. Less is known about whether unicellular organisms such as bacteria also store information about past events and use these “memories” to inform their current behavior. We used an experimental setup that allowed us to follow single bacterial cells through repeated exposure to salt stress and asked whether past exposure allowed cells to cope better with the stress. Although the responses of individual cells were largely independent of past events, we saw the emergence of memory-like behavior at the level of the population. These results reveal differences in how past events can modulate the behavior of individuals and groups of bacteria.
Origin and prediction of free-solution interaction studies performed label-free
Authors: Bornhop Darryl J. , Kammer Michael N. , Kussrow Amanda , Flowers Robert A. , Meiler Jens 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Chemical and biomedical sciences depend heavily on interaction assays, particularly those providing structural insights. Here, we show interferometric, free-solution, label-free studies report conformation and hydration changes, and present a new way for interpreting these methods. Intrinsic property changes are the mechanism allowing for unprecedented sensitivities (picomolar to femtomolar) in complex milieu, even when individual binding partners are undetectable. We establish that the existing theory for label-free assay methods such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is not applicable and propose a model for the free-solution response function (FreeSRF), validated and highly predictive when combined with quality structural data and reliable calculations of solvent-addressable surface area. The model allows for interpretation of solution-phase, label-free interactions and could facilitate obtaining structural information from a simple mix-and-read assay.
First‐Year Density and Growth as They Relate to Recruitment of White Perch to the Adult Stock in Oneida Lake, New York, 1968–2011
Authors: VanDeValk Anthony J. , Forney John L. , Brooking Thomas E. , Jackson James R. , Rudstam Lars G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRecruitment of fish to the adult stock is often determined early in life, and identifying relationships between first‐year abundance and subsequent recruitment has significant implications for monitoring and management. Despite the importance of White Perch Morone americana as both predator and prey in systems where they are abundant, relatively little has been published on their early life history, and their recruitment patterns are generally not well understood. We use data over a period of 44 years to investigate factors related to first‐year density and growth of White Perch and their recruitment to the adult stock in Oneida Lake, New York. Simple linear regression was used to examine the relationships between select physical and biological factors and first‐year density and growth of White Perch estimated from Miller high‐speed sampler and trawl surveys and estimates of year‐class recruitment to the adult stock determined from gill‐net surveys. Akaike's information criterion corrected for small sample size was then used to compare different model structures for predicting age‐0 White Perch density and growth and recruitment to the adult stock. Year‐classes that were dense at the larval stage tended to have higher densities as juveniles and higher recruitment to the adult stock. Year‐classes with higher first‐year densities grew slower and experienced higher mortality, but mortality did not compensate for the higher initial densities. The model that best explained White Perch recruitment to the adult stock was composed of larval density and predator biomass, indicating White Perch year‐class strength is at least partly determined at the larval stage or earlier in Oneida Lake, and later interactions serve largely to modify initial differences.Received July 29, 2015; accepted December 1, 2015
Intratracheal Administration of Small Interfering RNA Targeting Fas Reduces Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury*
Authors: Del Sorbo Lorenzo , Costamagna Andrea , Muraca Giuseppe , Rotondo Giuseppe , Civiletti Federica , Vizio Barbara , Bosco Ornella , Martin Conte Erica L. , Frati Giacomo , Delsedime Luisa , Lupia Enrico , Fanelli Vito , Ranieri V. Marco 
Published: March 2016

Objectives:
Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury is the main cause of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation and results in increased morbidity and mortality. Fas-mediated apoptosis is one of the pathologic mechanisms involved in the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that the inhibition of Fas gene expression in lungs by intratracheal administration of small interfering RNA could reduce lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in an ex vivo model reproducing the procedural sequence of lung transplantation.

Design:
Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study.

Setting:
University research laboratory.

Subjects:
C57/BL6 mice weighing 28–30 g.

Interventions:
Ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced in lungs isolated from mice, 48 hours after treatment with intratracheal small interfering RNA targeting Fas, control small interfering RNA, or vehicle. Isolated lungs were exposed to 6 hours of cold ischemia (4°C), followed by 2 hours of warm (37°C) reperfusion with a solution containing 10% of fresh whole blood and mechanical ventilation with constant low driving pressure.

Measurements and Main Results:
Fas gene expression was significantly silenced at the level of messenger RNA and protein after ischemia-reperfusion in lungs treated with small interfering RNA targeting Fas compared with lungs treated with control small interfering RNA or vehicle. Silencing of Fas gene expression resulted in reduced edema formation (bronchoalveolar lavage protein concentration and lung histology) and improvement in lung compliance. These effects were associated with a significant reduction of pulmonary cell apoptosis of lungs treated with small interfering RNA targeting Fas, which did not affect cytokine release and neutrophil infiltration.

Conclusions:
Fas expression silencing in the lung by small interfering RNA is effective against ischemia-reperfusion injury. This approach represents a potential innovative strategy of organ preservation before lung transplantation.
Inhibition of Plexin C1 Protects Against Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury*
Authors: König Klemens , Granja Tiago , Eckle Veit-Simon , Mirakaj Valbona , Köhler David , Schlegel Martin , Rosenberger Peter 
Published: March 2016

Objectives:
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a disease pattern that is associated with an acute inflammatory reaction. It is well known that neutrophils play an essential role in the early phase of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and determine the extent of tissue damage. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury can result in organ failure, which is linked to high mortality. Recent data indicate that the neuronal guidance receptor Plexin C1 is involved in the control of the acute inflammatory response and, as such, modulates the transmigration of neutrophils. Hence, we investigated the functional role of Plexin C1 in a mouse model of early hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Design:
Animal study.

Setting:
University experimental laboratory.

Subjects:
Wild-type, PLXNC1
−/− and chimeric mice.

Interventions:
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury or sham operation.

Measurements and Main Results:
We found that the functional inhibition of Plexin C1 in wild-type mice treated with an anti-Plexin C1 antibody and a Semaphorin 7A peptide reduced hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, as measured by the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate, and alanine aminotransferase. This reduction in ischemia-reperfusion injury was accompanied by reduced numbers of neutrophils in ischemic hepatic tissue and reduced serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. Experiments using Plexin C1 receptor–deficient (PLXNC1
−/−) mice also demonstrated decreased hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Studies of chimeric mice revealed that the hematopoietic Plexin C1 knockout is crucial for reducing the extent of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Conclusions:
These results describe a role for Plexin C1 during ischemia-reperfusion injury, highlight the role of hematopoietic Plexin C1 in the development of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, and suggest that Plexin C1 is a potential drug target.
Epistasis and the dynamics of reversion in molecular evolution
Authors: McCandlish David M. , Shah Premal , Plotkin Joshua B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRecent studies of protein evolution contend that the longer an amino acid substitution is present at a site, the less likely it is to revert to the amino acid previously occupying that site. Here we study this phenomenon of decreasing reversion rates rigorously, and in a much more general context. We show that, under weak mutation and for arbitrary fitness landscapes, reversion rates decrease with time for any site that is involved in at least one epistatic interaction. Specifically, we prove that, at stationarity, the hazard function of the distribution of waiting times until reversion is strictly decreasing for any such site. Thus, in the presence of epistasis, the longer a particular character has been absent from a site, the less likely the site will revert to its prior state. We also explore several examples of this general result, which share a common pattern whereby the probability of having reverted increases rapidly at short times to some substantial value before becoming almost flat after a few substitutions at other sites. This pattern indicates a characteristic tendency for reversion to occur either almost immediately after the initial substitution or only after a very long time.
Characterization of new RNA polymerase III and RNA polymerase II transcriptional promoters in the Bovine Leukemia Virus genome
Authors: Van Driessche Benoit , Rodari Anthony , Delacourt Nadège , Fauquenoy Sylvain , Vanhulle Caroline , Burny Arsène , Rohr Olivier , Van Lint Carine 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBovine leukemia virus latency is a viral strategy used to escape from the host immune system and contribute to tumor development. However, a highly expressed BLV micro-RNA cluster has been reported, suggesting that the BLV silencing is not complete. Here, we demonstrate thein vivorecruitment of RNA polymerase III to the BLV miRNA cluster both in BLV-latently infected cell lines and in ovine BLV-infected primary cells, through a canonical type 2 RNAPIII promoter. Moreover, by RPC6-knockdown, we showed, for the first time, a direct functional link between RNAPIII transcription and BLV miRNAs expression. Furthermore, both the tumor‐ and the quiescent-related isoforms of RPC7 subunits were recruited to the miRNA cluster. We showed that the BLV miRNA cluster was enriched in positive epigenetic marks. Interestingly, we demonstrated thein vivorecruitment of RNAPII at the 3’LTR/host genomic junction, associated with positive epigenetic marks. Functionally, we showed that the BLV LTR exhibited a strong antisense promoter activity and provided evidence for a collision between RNAPIII and RNAPII convergent transcriptions. Our results provide new insights into alternative ways used by BLV to counteract silencing of the viral 5’LTR promoter.
The entrepreneurial role within a global firm operating in a niche market
Authors: Duarte Alonso Abel 
Published: March 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the significance of entrepreneurial role from the perspective of a global, family-owned firm located in Uruguay and operating in a niche market.Design/methodology/approachThis case study adopts role theory as its theoretical framework. Face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with the firm’s ownership/management. The data were analysed using content analysis.FindingsDuring the interviews, the importance of entrepreneurs’ role was highlighted in various ways. For instance, role emerged in the form of re-developing a business vision, executing strategies and ideas, anticipating events, innovating and internationalising. Together, these key elements helped build entrepreneurial resilience in light of emerging issues. An alignment with various perspectives of role theory, including “functional”, “symbolic interactionist” and “structural” was identified.Practical implicationsThe role of the succeeding generation of the firm’s ownership not only is fundamental in reinforcing an entrepreneurial path established by the firm’s founder but also is critical in building upon the earlier foundation, continue innovating and adapting to contemporary challenges in a very dynamic business environment.Originality/valueThe present study makes an original contribution, by examining the significance of entrepreneurial role through the lens of role theory. In this context, the case of a medium-sized, global Latin American family business is investigated.
Identifying and treating unobserved heterogeneity with FIMIX-PLS
Authors: Matthews Lucy M. , Sarstedt Marko , Hair Joseph F. , Ringle Christian M. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
Part I of this article (European Business Review, Volume 28, Issue 1) offered an overview of unobserved heterogeneity in the context of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), its prevalence and challenges for social sciences researchers. This paper aims to provide an example that explains how to identify and treat unobserved heterogeneity in PLS-SEM by using the finite mixture PLS (FIMIX-PLS) module in the SmartPLS 3 software (Part II).

Design/methodology/approach
This case study illustrates the application of FIMIX-PLS using a popular corporate reputation model.

Findings
The case study demonstrates the capability of FIMIX-PLS to identify whether unobserved heterogeneity significantly affects structural model relationships. Furthermore, it shows that FIMIX-PLS is particularly useful for determining the number of segments to extract from the data.

Research limitations/implications
Since the introduction of FIMIX-PLS, a range of alternative latent class techniques has appeared. These techniques address some of the limitations of the approach relating to, for example, its failure to handle heterogeneity in measurement models, or its distributional assumptions. This research discusses alternative latent class techniques and calls for the joint use of FIMIX-PLS and PLS prediction-oriented segmentation.

Originality/value
This article is the first to offer researchers, who have not been exposed to the method, an introduction to FIMIX-PLS. Based on a state-of-the-art review of the technique, the paper offers a step-by-step tutorial on how to use FIMIX-PLS by using the SmartPLS 3 software.
Linking teacher competences to organizational citizenship behaviour
Authors: Kasekende Francis , Munene John C. , Otengei Samson Omuudu , Ntayi Joseph Mpeera 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine relationship between teacher competences and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) with empowerment as a mediating factor.Design/methodology/approach– The study took a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical design. Using cluster and random sampling procedures, data were obtained from 383 usable questionnaires. Data were analyzed through SPSS and Analysis of Moment Structures.Findings– Results indicated that planning, continuous assessment and initiating as operant teacher competences were significantly and positively related to empowerment. Also, empowerment was significantly and positively related to OCBs. Similarly, empowerment came out as a full mediator of the relationship between the teacher competences and OCBs.Practical implications– The study is relevant in that heads of schools will ensure they set up and implement human resources policies and practices that are favorable to building empowerment and OCB. School heads will be able to closely adhere to planning, initiating and continuous assessment rules in order to promote teacher empowerment and OCB. Government could appraise school heads based on whether they can successfully implement operant competence related rules on the employeesOriginality/value– The findings theoretically reconceptualize competences from the objectivist to the constructivist perspective. Planning, initiating, continuous assessment and empowerment make significant variations in OCB. The study demonstrates that empowerment translates the inputs of teacher competence into OCB.
The meanings of work in a public work scheme in South Africa
Authors: Wiltshire Anne Hilda 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to link theories on the meaning of work with the meanings participants in a public work scheme attribute to work, in a context of high national and local unemployment and precarious employment.Design/methodology/approach– This study followed a qualitative strategy to allow participants to express their own meanings of work through a work-life history approach. Findings from eight interviews are substantiated by two focus groups and thematically analysed.Findings– Analysis of the findings revealed a high correlation with Kaplan and Tausky’s typology of the meanings of work (1974). The implication of this grounded approach is that this study expands the typology from six to eight factors. In this manner, work in a public work scheme not only has meaning as an economic activity, a structured routine, intrinsic satisfaction, interpersonal experiences, social status and a morally correct activity, but is also gendered and an opportunity for training.Originality/value– Apart from expanding Kaplan and Tausky’s typology on the meanings of work (1974), this study highlights the added-value of public work schemes, in that, by providing the unemployed with the opportunity to work, they also improve their quality of life in a number of aspects.