bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A post-global financial crisis (GFC) framework for strategic planning, assessment and management decision making for US sustainable commercial real estate
Authors: Christensen Pernille Hoy 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand both the facts and the values associated with the breadth of issues, and the principles related to sustainable real estate for institutional investors. Sustainable real estate is a growing sector within the commercial real estate industry, and yet, the decision-making practices of institutional investors related to sustainability are still not well understood. In an effort to fill that gap, this research investigates the post-global financial crisis (GFC) motivations driving the implementation of sustainability initiatives, the implementation strategies used, and the predominant eco-indicators and measures used by institutional investors.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents the results of a three-round modified Delphi study conducted in the USA in 2011-2012 investigating the nature of performance measurements and reporting requirements in sustainable commercial real estate and their impact on the real estate decision-making process used by institutional investors. Two rounds of in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 expert panelists. An e-questionnaire was used in the third round to verify qualitative findings.FindingsThe key industry drivers and performance indicators influencing institutional investor decision making were associated with risk management of assets and whether initiatives can improve competitive market advantage. Industry leaders advocate for simple key performance indicators, which is in contrast to the literature which argues for the need to adopt common criteria and metrics. Key barriers to the adoption of sustainability initiatives are discussed and a decision framework is presented.Practical implicationsThis research aims to help industry partners understand the drivers motivating institutional investors to uptake sustainability initiatives with the aim of improving decision making, assessment, and management of sustainable commercial office buildings.Originality/valueBuilding on the four generations of the sustainability framework presented by Simonset al.(2001), this research argues that the US real estate market has yet again adjusted its relationship with sustainability and revises their framework to include a new, post-GFC generation for decision making, assessment, and management of sustainable real estate.
Biopigment produced by Monascus purpureus MTCC 369 in submerged and solid state fermentation: a comparative study
Authors: Sehrawat Rachna , Panesar Parmjit S. , Panesar Reeba , Kumar Anit 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Biopigments, natural colors from microbiological origin are of great interest because of their potential advantages over synthetic colorants. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the best possible fermentative conditions for the maximum production of biopigment using solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation by Monascus purpureus MTCC 369.

Design/methodology/approach
The biopigment was produced using solid state fermentation and submerged with optimized substrate to achieve higher yield. The statistical analysis was carried out using a Microsoft Excel ® (Microsoft Corporation).

Findings
On comparative analysis, it was observed that solid state fermentation resulted significant accumulation of biopigment (9.0 CVU/g) on the 9th day in comparison to submerged fermentation (5.1 CVU/g) on the 15th day.

Practical implications
Results revealed that sweet potato peel powder and pea pods provides necessary nutrients required for mycelial growth, and biopigment production, therefore, can be used as potent substrate for biopigment production by Monascus purpureus MTCC 369. Extracted color can be used in confectionery, beverages and pharmaceutical industries.

Originality/value
This work focuses on utilisation of waste for production of pigment as alternative source to synthetic colorant, and few studies have been carried out using wastes, but no work has been carried out on sweet potato peel to the best of the authors’ knowledge.
Chinese cleft structures and the dynamics of processing
Authors: Liu Wei , Kempson Ruth 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper addresses the challenge of Chinese cleft structures, involving a pairing of the particlesshiandde, which in different combinations display a variety of focus‐related effects and different potentials for ambiguity: clefts and pseudo‐clefts in particular differ only in order of the elements. We argue that retaining conventional assumptions necessarily involves positing unrelated structures and multiple ambiguities, leaving the systematicity of variation unexplained; and we go on to argue that it is only by turning to a dynamic framework in which syntax is defined as mechanisms for incremental build‐up of interpretation that an integrated characterisation of these effects is made possible. Adopting the Dynamic Syntax framework (Cann et al 2005), we argue thatshianddeinduce procedures for incremental build‐up of construal which feed and can be fed by other such procedures; and we show how the array of effects both in clefts and pseudo‐clefts can be shown to follow from the dynamics of building up interpretation reflecting online processing.
Illegal Roaming and File Manipulation on Target Computers
Authors: Testa Alexander , Maimon David , Sobesto Bertrand , Cukier Michel 
Published: August 2017

Research SummaryThe results of previous research indicate that the presentation of deterring situational stimuli in an attacked computing environment shapes system trespassers’ avoiding online behaviors during the progression of a system trespassing event. Nevertheless, none of these studies comprised an investigation of whether the effect of deterring cues influence system trespassers’ activities on the system. Moreover, no prior research has been aimed at exploring whether the effect of deterring cues is consistent across different types of system trespassers. We examine whether the effect of situational deterring cues in an attacked computer system influenced the likelihood of system trespassers engaging in active online behaviors on an attacked system, and whether this effect varies based on different levels of administrative privileges taken by system trespassers. By using data from a randomized experiment, we find that a situational deterring cue reduced the probability of system trespassers with fewer privileges on the attacked computer system (nonadministrative users) to enter activity commands. In contrast, the presence of these cues in the attacked system did not affect the probability of system trespassers with the highest level of privileges (administrative users) to enter these commands.Policy ImplicationsIn developing policies to curtail malicious online behavior committed by system trespassers, a “one‐policy‐fits‐all” approach is often employed by information technology (IT) teams to protect their organizations. Our results suggest that although the use of a warning banner is effective in reducing the amount of harmful commands entered into a computer system by nonadministrative users, such a policy is ineffective in deterring trespassers who take over a network with administrative privileges. Accordingly, it is important to recognize that the effectiveness of deterring stimuli in cyberspace is largely dependent on the level of administrative privileges taken by the system trespasser when breaking into the system. These findings present the need for the development and implementation of flexible policies in deterring system trespassers.
Moving From Efficacy to Effectiveness
Authors: Saunders Jessica , Robbins Michael , Ober Allison J. 
Published: August 2017

Research SummaryIn 2012, the editors of CPP published an exchange about the Drug Market Intervention (DMI) in High Point, NC, concluding that it may be a promising approach to crime control but questioning whether it could be implemented across different settings. In this effectiveness study, we followed a cohort of seven sites that participated in a Bureau of Justice Assistance–sponsored DMI training to assess implementation and outcomes. Three sites were not able to implement, and implementation fidelity varied across the four sites that did implement. Of the four sites that held at least one call‐in, only one was successful at reducing overall and drug crime (by 28% and 56%, respectively). This works out to an implementation rate of 57% with an average overall crime reduction of 16% (treatment‐on‐the‐treated) or 4% (intent‐to‐treat). The results of this study demonstrate the importance of replication and the careful study of implementation fidelity prior to wide dissemination.Policy ImplicationsWhen the findings of an evaluation reveal an effective crime reduction program, particularly when it garners significant public attention, it is not uncommon to rush to judgment that it should be widely implemented. DMI is a perfect illustration of this shortsighted approach to evidence‐based crime prevention—multiple trials across a variety of contexts are necessary to understand whether a program is ready for broad dissemination and scale‐up. The DMI program was challenging for sites to implement and resulted in significant reductions in crime in the site with the implementation fidelity that was highest and most similar to the original site. Our findings echo earlier concerns that the approach may be less effective across diverse settings and illustrate why effectiveness studies are vital in the development of evidence‐based policy.
Bringing multivariate support to multiscale codependence analysis: Assessing the drivers of community structure across spatial scales
Authors: Guénard Guillaume , Legendre Pierre 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMultiscale codependence analysis (MCA) quantifies the joint spatial distribution of a pair of variables in order to provide a spatially explicit assessment of their relationships to one another. For the sake of simplicity, the original definition of MCA only considered a single response variable (e.g. a single species). However, that definition would limit the application of MCA when many response variables are studied jointly, for example when one wants to study the effect of the environment on the spatial organisation of a multi‐species community in an explicit manner.In the present paper, we generalise MCA to multiple response variables. We conducted a simulation study to assess the statistical properties (i.e. type I error rate and statistical power) of multivariate MCA (mMCA) and found that it had honest type I error rate and sufficient statistical power for practical purposes, even with modest sample sizes. We also exemplified mMCA by applying it to two ecological datasets.The simulation study confirmed the adequacy of mMCA from a statistical standpoint: it has honest type I error rates and sufficient power to be useful in practice. Using mMCA, we were able to detect variation in fish community structure along the Doubs River (in France), which was associated with large spatial structures in the variation of physical and chemical variables related to water quality. Also, mMCA usefully described the spatial variation of an Oribatid mite community structure associated with a gradient of water content superimposed on various smaller‐scale spatial features associated with vegetation cover in the peat blanket surrounding Lac Geai (in Québec, Canada).In addition to demonstrating the soundness of mMCA in theory and practice, we further discuss the strengths and assumptions of mMCA and describe other potential scenarios where it would be helpful to biologists interested in assessing influence of environmental conditions on community structure in a spatially explicit way.
Emergency Department Provider Perspectives on Benzodiazepine–Opioid Coprescribing: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kim Howard S. , McCarthy Danielle M. , Hoppe Jason A. , Mark Courtney D. , Lambert Bruce L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveBenzodiazepines and opioids are prescribed simultaneously (i.e., “coprescribed”) in many clinical settings, despite guidelines advising against this practice and mounting evidence that concomitant use of both medications increases overdose risk. This study sought to characterize the contexts in which benzodiazepine–opioid coprescribing occurs and providers’ reasons for coprescribing.MethodsWe conducted focus groups with emergency department (ED) providers (resident and attending physicians, advanced practice providers, and pharmacists) from three hospitals using semistructured interviews to elicit perspectives on benzodiazepine–opioid coprescribing. Discussions were audio‐recorded and transcribed. We performed qualitative content analysis of the resulting transcripts using a consensual qualitative research approach, aiming to identify priority categories that describe the phenomenon of benzodiazepine–opioid coprescribing.ResultsParticipants acknowledged coprescribing rarely and reluctantly and often provided specific discharge instructions when coprescribing. The decision to coprescribe is multifactorial, often isolated to specific clinical and situational contexts (e.g., low back pain, failed solitary opioid therapy) and strongly influenced by a provider's beliefs about the efficacy of combination therapy. The decision to coprescribe is further influenced by a self‐imposed pressure to escalate care or avoid hospital admission. When considering potential interventions to reduce the incidence of coprescribing, participants opposed computerized alerts but were supportive of a pharmacist‐assisted intervention. Many providers found the process of participating in peer discussions on prescribing habits to be beneficial.ConclusionsIn this qualitative study of ED providers, we found that benzodiazepine–opioid coprescribing occurs in specific clinical and situational contexts, such as the treatment of low back pain or failed solitary opioid therapy. The decision to coprescribe is strongly influenced by a provider's beliefs and by self‐imposed pressure to escalate care or avoid admission.
Emergency Department use of Apneic Oxygenation Versus Usual Care During Rapid Sequence Intubation: A Randomized Controlled Trial (The ENDAO Trial)
Authors: Caputo Nicholas , Azan Ben , Domingues Rui , Donner Lee , Fenig Mark , Fields Douglas , Fraser Robert , Hosford Karlene , Iuorio Richard , Kanter Marc , McCarty Moira , Parry Thomas , Raja Andaleeb , Ryan Mary , Williams Blaine , Sharma Hemlata , Singer Daniel , Shields Chris , Scott Sandra , West Jason R. ,   The Lincoln Airway Group
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesDesaturation leading to hypoxemia may occur during rapid sequence intubation (RSI). Apneic oxygenation (AO) was developed to prevent the occurrence of oxygen desaturation during the apnea period. The purpose of this study was to determine if the application of AO increases the average lowest oxygen saturation during RSI when compared to usual care (UC) in the emergency setting.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted at an academic, urban, Level I trauma center. All patients requiring intubation were included. Exclusion criteria were patients in cardiac or traumatic arrest or if preoxygenation was not performed. An observer, blinded to study outcomes and who was not involved in the procedure, recorded all times, while all saturations were recorded in real time by monitors on a secured server. Two‐hundred patients were allocated to receive AO (n = 100) or UC (n = 100) by predetermined randomization in a 1:1 ratio.ResultsA total of 206 patients were enrolled. There was no difference in lowest mean oxygen saturation between the two groups (92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 91 to 93 in AO vs. 93, 95% CI = 92 to 94 in UC; p = 0.11).ConclusionThere was no difference in lowest mean oxygen saturation between the two groups. The application of AO during RSI did not prevent desaturation of patients in this study population.
Hidradenitis suppurativa: A neglected disease in Indigenous Australians
Authors: Vekic Dunja Ana , Woods Jane , Cains Geoffrey D 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe report the first case series of hidradenitis suppurativa in patients of Indigenous Australian heritage. The incidence and ethnicity of populations affected by this condition are not known. The high comorbid disease burden and socioeconomic disadvantage that is well recognised in the Indigenous Australian population poses significant challenges to therapeutic outcomes.
Evolution of the IgE and IgG repertoire to a comprehensive array of allergen molecules in the first decade of life
Authors: Huang X. , Tsilochristou O. , Perna S. , Hofmaier S. , Cappella A. , Bauer C.‐P. , Hoffman U. , Forster J. , Zepp F. , Schuster A. , D'Amelio R. , Wahn U. , Keil T. , Lau S. , Matricardi P. M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn early childhood, the allergen‐specific IgG repertoire is mainly directed to animal and vegetable food molecules and infrequently to airborne molecules. It is unknown whether this early pattern is maintained throughout childhood.ObjectiveTo investigate the evolution of IgG and IgE responses to a broad panel of allergenic molecules from birth to age 10 years.MethodsWe examined the sera collected between birth and age 10 years from participants in the German Multicentre Allergy Study, a birth cohort born in 1990. The IgE (cutoff ≥0.30 ISU) and IgG (cutoff ≥0.10 ISU) responses to 35 genuine allergenic molecules were measured with a multiplex microarray approach (ImmunoCAP ISAC™).ResultsIgE responses were mostly directed against a restricted group of airborne molecules, with a sequence and prevalence hierarchy (Phl p 1> Bet v 1> Fel d 1> Phl p 5> Der p 2> Der p 1) largely maintained over time. Conversely, the IgG repertoire was much broader, starting with animal foodborne, then spreading to vegetable foodborne and finally to airborne molecules. A strong and persistent IgG response to a given airborne molecule almost invariably preceded or accompanied an IgE response to that molecule.ConclusionsThe evolution of IgG and IgE responses throughout childhood differs widely at population level. IgG responses are mostly directed to animal food allergens, while IgE responses are dominated by airborne allergens. However, a strong IgG response almost invariably precedes or accompanies the appearance of IgE to the same molecule in specifically sensitized subjects.
Is early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV cirrhotic patients affected by treatment with direct‐acting antivirals? A prospective multicentre study
Authors: Cabibbo G. , Petta S. , Calvaruso V. , Cacciola I. , Cannavò M. R. , Madonia S. , Distefano M. , Larocca L. , Prestileo T. , Tinè F. , Bertino G. , Giannitrapani L. , Benanti F. , Licata A. , Scalisi I. , Mazzola G. , Cartabellotta F. , Alessi N. , Barbàra M. , Russello M. , Scifo G. , Squadrito G. , Raimondo G. , Craxì A. , Di Marco V. , Cammà C. ,   Rete Sicilia Selezione Terapia – HCV (RESIST‐HCV)
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundData on HCV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) early recurrence in patients whose HCC was previously cured, and subsequently treated by direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs), are equivocal.AimTo assess the risk of HCC early recurrence after DAAs exposure in a large prospective cohort of HCV‐cirrhotic patients with previous successfully treated HCC, also looking for risk factors for cancer early recurrence.MethodsWe enrolled 143 consecutive patients with complete response after curative treatment of HCC, subsequently treated with DAAs and monitored by the web‐based RESIST‐HCV database. Clinical, biological, and virological data were collected. The primary endpoint was the probability of HCC early recurrence from DAA starting by Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsEighty‐six per cent of patients were in Child‐Pugh class A and 76% of patients were BCLC A. Almost all patients (96%) achieved sustained virological response. Twenty‐four HCC recurrences were observed, with nodular or infiltrative pattern in 83% and 17% of patients, respectively. The 6‐, 12‐ and 18‐month HCC recurrence rates were 12%, 26.6% and 29.1%, respectively. Main tumour size and history of prior HCC recurrence were independent risk factors for HCC recurrence by Cox multivariate model.ConclusionsProbability of HCC early recurrence in patients who had HCC previously cured remains high, despite HCV eradication by DAAs. Risk was comparable but not higher to that reported in literature in DAA‐untreated patients. Previous HCC recurrence and tumour size can be used to stratify the risk of HCC early recurrence. Further studies are needed to assess impact of DAAs on late recurrence and mortality.
The Role of Auditing in Corporate Governance in Australia and New Zealand: A Research Synthesis
Authors: Hay David , Stewart Jenny , Botica Redmayne Nives 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCorporate governance is of growing importance in Australia, New Zealand and all over the world. Corporate governance interacts with auditing and it is useful to understand how corporate governance and auditing affect companies. A related issue is whether better governance is a substitute for auditing or a complement. Previous studies of that issue have had mixed results. This review article provides a synthesis of Australian and New Zealand research about corporate governance and auditing that assesses what has been found and examines issues that can be explored using multiple studies. We conclude that despite extensive research, there is still considerable uncertainty about how corporate governance mechanisms are related to auditing and how auditing is associated with corporate governance. We conclude that recommendations for better governance (beyond a minimum level) are not yet supported by evidence. The results are intended to be helpful in providing advice about policy in Australia and New Zealand, and in determining directions for new research.
Value for Money and Risk Relationships in Public–Private Partnerships: Evaluating Program‐based Evidence
Authors: Opara Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractValue for money – VfM (the provision of improved public infrastructure and services at lower cost) – is a central rationale for the deployment of public–private partnerships (P3s). However, it remains unclear how VfM is actually created in P3s. There are several issues that surround the ex ante evaluation conducted during P3 assessment, including: transparency of the process, engagement of stakeholders, potential restrictions on current and future public sector flexibility, and political influences that call into question the legitimacy of the process. This study examines these issues using Alberta's P3 projects executed since 2003, and interviews 35 key participants and stakeholders. The findings suggest that while the transfer of risk from the public to the private sector is a key driver of VfM, it may overstate the extent to which planning related risks can be transferred. This paper recommends enhanced VfM component disclosures and transparency as the evaluation process evolves. Furthermore, a more rigorous approach to risk conceptualisation and valuation should be adopted. Risk allocation should be about managing not only occurrence, but also impact of the risk factor. Finally, political interference must be moderated to allow for the optimal realisation of the best possible choices presented by P3 deployments.