bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study of Multiphase Behavior for n-Butane/Bitumen/Water Mixtures
Authors: Gao Jianyi , Okuno Ryosuke , Li Huazhou Andy 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Steam-solvent coinjection has been studied and pilot-tested as a potential method to improve steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) for bitumen recovery. Reliable design of coinjection requires reliable PVT data for bitumen/solvent/water mixtures, which are scarce and fragmentary in the literature.
The main objective of this research was to present a new set of PVT and multiphase data for n-butane/Athabasca-bitumen/water mixtures at pressures up to 10 MPa and temperatures up to 160°C. Experiments were conducted by use of a conventional PVT apparatus. The data presented include multiphase equilibria up to four coexisting phases and liquid densities for 100% bitumen, two mixtures of n-butane/bitumen, and one mixture of n-butane/bitumen/water. A single equation-of-state model was developed to correlate all experimental data obtained, and used to interpret complex multiphase behavior observed for the highly size-asymmetric polar mixtures.
Liquid-liquid separation of hydrocarbons was experimentally observed at the n-butane concentration of 97 mol% in the n-butane/bitumen system with/without water, for a wide range of temperatures at operating pressures for expanding-solvent-SAGD (ES-SAGD). This may indicate the limited solubility of n-butane in bitumen even when a high level of accumulation of n-butane takes place near a chamber edge in ES-SAGD for Athabasca bitumen. The multiphase transition that involves appearance/disappearance of the vapor phase was observed to occur near the vapor pressure of n-butane or its extension. Such phase transition occurs at a higher pressure in the presence of water, due to its vapor pressure, than in the absence of water at a given temperature. This is the first time four coexisting phases are reported for n-butane/Athabasca-bitumen/water mixtures at temperature-pressure conditions relevant to ES-SAGD.
Results of a Polymer Flooding Pilot in the Tambaredjo Heavy Oil Field, Suriname
Authors: Delamaide E. , Soe Let K. Moe , Bhoendie K. , Jong-A-Pin S. , Paidin W. R. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
A polymer flood pilot has been ongoing since September 2008 in Suriname in the heavy oil Tambaredjo field operated by Staatsolie. Initially, the pilot consisted of one injection well and four producers and was later expanded to three injection wells and nine direct offset production wells (all vertical).
The Tambaredjo oil field is the largest oil field in Suriname and has been producing since 1982. The field contains approximately 525 MMSTB STOOIP of 16° API oil with an initial viscosity of 300 - 600 cP at reservoir conditions. Primary recovery (± 30% OOIP) is relatively high given the oil viscosity; this is believed to be due to a combination of compaction drive, edge water drive in the northern part of the field and limited bottom water influx in other areas, and perhaps foamy oil behavior. In spite of this high primary recovery, large quantities of oil remain in the reservoir, making it an attractive target for EOR.
Due to the relatively thin pay, thermal methods have not been considered for the reservoir but on the other hand polymer flood was judged suitable. The oil viscosity is high but still lower than in other successful projects for instance in Canada while other reservoir characteristics are also suitable: low reservoir temperature and low water salinity allow the use of standard HPAM polymer, and high permeability is beneficial for injectivity. Moreover, the reservoir is highly heterogeneous, which has presented some challenges to the process.
Initially, a polymer viscosity of 45 cP was injected which was later increased, first to 85 cP and then to 125 cP in order to improve the sweep efficiency. The overall response to polymer injection has been positive even if some wells have not responded positively to the injection, and incremental recovery (over primary) to date is estimated at on average 11% STOOIP. Due to the unconfined nature of the pattern some wells adjacent to the pilot have also shown response to injection.
Given the success of the project, work is currently under way for an expansion of the polymer flood to encompass 33 additional injection wells.
The paper presents the results of the pilot and describes the operations and challenges encountered during the project, in particular during the injection of the higher viscosity polymer. The combination of high reservoir heterogeneity, use of hydraulically fractured vertical wells and high polymer viscosity injected contribute to make this pilot an interesting field case.
Constructing High-Rate QC-LDPC Codes with Large-Girth based on Shortened Array Codes
Authors: Chen Xu , Lau Francis C. M. 
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we aim at constructing high-rate quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes with girth-10 based on shortened array codes. Our first contribution is the derivation of analytic results on the maximum number of columns for shortened array codes of different girths. Then, inspired by the analysis, we propose a code construction method for column-weight-three codes. We further compare the minimum length and the error performance of the column-weight-three codes constructed by the proposed algorithm and those found by the conventional greedy construction algorithm. We show that the proposed method is more effective than the conventional greedy algorithm in the sense that the minimum length of the codes constructed using the proposed method to achieve different code rates is comparative or much shorter than those constructed using the greedy construction.
An Improved Iterative Nonlinear Least Square Approximation Method for the Design of SISO Wideband Mobile Radio Channel Simulators
Authors: Fayziyev Akmal , Pätzold Matthias 
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we present an improved version of the iterative nonlinear least square approximation (INLSA) method for designing measurement-based single-input single-output (SISO) wideband channel simulators. The proposed method aims to fit the time-frequency correlation function (TFCF) of the simulation model to that of a measured channel. The parameters of the simulation model are determined iteratively by minimizing the Frobenius norm, which serves as a measure for the fitting error. In contrast to the original INLSA method, the proposed approach provides a unique optimized set of model parameters, which guarantees a quasi-perfect fitting with respect to the TFCF. We analyze the performance of the proposed method in terms of the goodness of fit to the measured data. The investigations will be carried out with respect to the TFCF and the scattering function. We demonstrate that the proposed approach is a powerful tool for the design of measurement-based wideband channel simulators, which are important for the performance evaluation of mobile communication systems under real-world propagation conditions.
On the Performance of Cognitive Underlay SIMO Networks over Equally Correlated Rayleigh Fading Channels
Authors: Thanh Tu Lam , Bao Vo Nguyen Quoc , Ngoc Pham Thi Dan , Duy Tran Trung 
Published: May 2016

The performance of single-input multiple-output (SIMO) cognitive spectrum sharing networks with the presence of equally correlated Rayleigh fading channels is investigated. In particular, based on the truncated infinitive series of cumulative distribution function (CDF) and probability density function (PDF) of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), close-form expressions are provided for the system outage performance, bit error rate and ergodic capacity. It is shown that the system performance merely depends on the correlation coefficient between antennas. Monte-Carlo simulations are also contributed to confirm the accuracy of our analysis.
Differential Expression Profiles of Long Noncoding RNA and mRNA of Osteogenically Differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Xie Zhongyu , Li Jinteng , Wang Peng , Li Yuxi , Wu Xiaohua , Wang Shan , Su Hongjun , Deng Wen , Liu Zhenhua , Cen Shuizhong , Ouyang Yi , Wu Yanfeng , Shen Huiyong 
Published: May 2016

Objective.We previously demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS; ASMSC) have a greater osteogenic differentiation capacity than MSC from healthy donors (HDMSC) and that this difference underlies the pathogenesis of pathological osteogenesis in AS. Here we compared expression levels of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA between osteogenically differentiated ASMSC and HDMSC and explored the precise mechanism underlying abnormal osteogenic differentiation in ASMSC.Methods.HDMSC and ASMSC were induced with osteogenic differentiation medium for 10 days. Microarray analyses were then performed to identify lncRNA and mRNA differentially expressed between HDMSC and ASMSC, which were then subjected to bioinformatics analysis and confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays. In addition, coding-non-coding gene co-expression (CNC) networks were constructed to examine the relationships between the lncRNA and mRNA expression patterns.Results.A total of 520 lncRNA and 665 mRNA were differentially expressed in osteogenically differentiated ASMSC compared with HDMSC. Bioinformatics analysis revealed 64 signaling pathways with significant differences, including transforming growth factor-β signaling. qRT-PCR assays confirmed the reliability of the microarray data. The CNC network indicated that 4 differentially expressed lncRNA, including lnc-ZNF354A-1, lnc-LIN54-1, lnc-FRG2C-3, and lnc-USP50-2 may be involved in the abnormal osteogenic differentiation of ASMSC.Conclusion.Our study characterized the differential lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of osteogenically differentiated ASMSC and identified 4 lncRNA that may participate in the abnormal osteogenic differentiation of ASMSC. These results provide insight into the pathogenesis of pathological osteogenesis in AS.
Comparison of Anterior Segment Parameters Obtained by Dual-Scheimpflug Analyzer Before and After Cycloplegia in Children
Authors: Niyaz Leyla , Can Ertugrul , Seymen Zeynep , Eraydin Bilge 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:
To assess the changes of anterior segment parameters with cycloplegia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study of healthy pediatric patients was performed. Anterior segment parameters were obtained by the Galilei Dual-Scheimpflug analyzer (Ziemer Group, Port, Switzerland) before and 40 minutes after the instillation of cyclopentolate. The effect of gender was evaluated.

Results:

There were 43 boys and 50 girls with a mean age of 7.76 ± 2.7 years. There was a significant increase in anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, and pupil diameter after the cycloplegia (
P
< .05). The anterior chamber angle increased after cycloplegia in the nasal, temporal, and inferior quadrants (
P
< .05), but not in the superior quadrant (
P
> .05). The mean values of anterior segment parameters were similar in both genders.

Conclusions:
The values of anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, anterior chamber angle, and pupil diameter measured with the Galilei Dual-Scheimpflug analyzer increased significantly after cycloplegia. Gender did not have an effect on anterior segment parameters.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(4):234–237.]
“Verstummt der süssen Stimme Schall”: the Destiny of Four Croatian Singers in the “Long 19th Century”
Authors: Katalinić Vjera 
Published: May 2016

The fate of Ilma de Murska, Irma Terputec-Terée, Emma Wiziak de Nicolesco and Milka Ternina, who were launched out from Croatia into the most prominent world stages, reflects the image of musical culture in this part of the Habsburg monarchy, presents the specific and individual characteristics of their life paths, and indicate some specificities of their time and milieu, ranging from general political and cultural issues, social and financial status, attitudes towards their private lives and personal relations up to entirely musical inclinations.
Le Mouvement républicain populaire (MRP) : l’expérience singulière d’un parti d’inspiration démocrate chrétienne en République française (1944-1965)
Authors: Clavel Isabelle 
Published: May 2016

En 1944, le Mouvement républicain populaire (MRP) est créé par un groupe d’hommes et de femmes, apparenté à la famille démocrate-chrétienne. Dans le contexte de libération du territoire français, il s’agit pour ceux qui ont pris part aux mouvements de Résistance contre l’occupation nazie et le régime collaborateur de Vichy, de contribuer à la reconstruction du pays après le second conflit mondial. L’émergence de ce parti « d’inspiration chrétienne » constitue une nouveauté dans le paysage politique français. Jusqu’alors, aucun parti confessionnel n’était parvenu à peser électoralement au point de devenir l’un des principaux acteurs des gouvernements. Malgré une existence relativement brève de 1944 à 1965, cette trajectoire singulière permet d’étudier comment les catholiques, qui se reconnaissent dans la famille démocrate-chrétienne, ont achevé un processus d’acculturation au régime républicain, dont l’un des principes fondamentaux est la laïcité.
Direct TLR-2 Costimulation Unmasks the Proinflammatory Potential of Neonatal CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Sinnott Brian D. , Park Byung , Boer Mardi C. , Lewinsohn Deborah A. , Lancioni Christina L. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Neonatal CD4+ T cells have traditionally been viewed as deficient in their capacity to produce Th1 cytokines in response to polyclonal or Ag-specific stimuli. Thus, defining unique aspects of CD4+ T cell activation and development into Th1 effector cells in neonates is essential to the successful development of novel vaccines and immunotherapies to protect infants from intracellular pathogens. Using highly purified naive CD4+ T cells derived from cord and adult peripheral blood, we compared the impact of anti-CD3 stimulation plus costimulation through TLR-2 performed in the absence of APC on CD4+ T cell cytokine production, proliferation, and expression of activation markers. In both age groups, TLR-2 costimulation elicited activation of naive CD4+ T cells, characterized by robust production of IL-2 as well as key Th1-type cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α. TLR-2 costimulation also dramatically reduced naive T cell production of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. We observed that neonatal naive CD4+ T cells are uniquely sensitive to TLR-2–mediated costimulation, which enabled them to produce equivalent amounts of IFN-γ and more IL-2 when compared with adult responses. Thus, neonatal CD4+ T cells have a distinctive propensity to use TLR-2–mediated costimulation for development into proinflammatory Th1 effectors, and interventions that target CD4+ T cell TLR-2–mediated responses may be exploited to enhance neonatal adaptive immunity.
HNRNPR Regulates the Expression of Classical and Nonclassical MHC Class I Proteins
Authors: Reches Adi , Nachmani Daphna , Berhani Orit , Duev-Cohen Alexandra , Shreibman Dorin , Ophir Yael , Seliger Barbara , Mandelboim Ofer 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
MHC class I molecules, in addition to their role in specific activation of the CTL of adaptive immune system, function also as the main ligands for NK cell inhibitory receptors, which prevent NK cells from killing normal, healthy cells. MHC class I proteins are divided into classical and nonclassical proteins. The former group consists of hundreds of HLA-A, B, and C alleles, which are universally expressed, whereas several alleles of the latter group, such as HLA-G, manifest a restricted expression pattern. Despite the important role played by these molecules in innate and adaptive immune responses, their complex expression regulation is not fully known. In our study, we investigated the regulation processes controlling the expression of MHC class I molecules, with a particular focus on their 3′ untranslated regions. We identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R (HNRNPR) as an important positive regulator of classical and nonclassical MHC class I molecules. HNRNPR is a RNA-binding protein belonging to the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family, which has a known role in processing of precursor mRNA. We demonstrated that HNRNPR binds MHC class I mRNAs in their 3′ untranslated regions and enhances their stability and consequently their expression. Furthermore, regulation by HNRNPR modulates the cytotoxic activity of NK cells. In conclusion, we show that HNRNPR acts as a general positive regulator of MHC class I expression.
Effect of Picture Archiving and Communication System Image Manipulation on the Agreement of Chest Radiograph Interpretation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Castro Denise A. , Naqvi Asad Ahmed , Vandenkerkhof Elizabeth , Flavin Michael P. , Manson David , Soboleski Donald 
Published: May 2016

Objective:Variability in image interpretation has been attributed to differences in the interpreters’ knowledge base, experience level, and access to the clinical scenario. Picture archiving and communication system (PACS) has allowed the user to manipulate the images while developing their impression of the radiograph. The aim of this study was to determine the agreement of chest radiograph (CXR) impressions among radiologists and neonatologists and help determine the effect of image manipulation with PACS on report impression.Materials and Methods:Prospective cohort study included 60 patients from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit undergoing CXRs. Three radiologists and three neonatologists reviewed two consecutive frontal CXRs of each patient. Each physician was allowed manipulation of images as needed to provide a decision of “improved,” “unchanged,” or “disease progression” lung disease for each patient. Each physician repeated the process once more; this time, they were not allowed to individually manipulate the images, but an independent radiologist presets the image brightness and contrast to best optimize the CXR appearance. Percent agreement and opposing reporting views were calculated between all six physicians for each of the two methods (allowing and not allowing image manipulation).Results:One hundred percent agreement in image impression between all six observers was only seen in 5% of cases when allowing image manipulation; 100% agreement was seen in 13% of the cases when there was no manipulation of the images.Conclusion:Agreement in CXR interpretation is poor; the ability to manipulate the images on PACS results in a decrease in agreement in the interpretation of these studies. New methods to standardize image appearance and allow improved comparison with previous studies should be sought to improve clinician agreement in interpretation consistency and advance patient care.
Image-based surface reconstruction in geomorphometry – merits, limits and developments
Authors: Eltner Anette , Kaiser Andreas , Castillo Carlos , Rock Gilles , Neugirg Fabian , Abellán Antonio 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Photogrammetry and geosciences have been closely linked since the late 19th century due to the acquisition of high-quality 3-D data sets of the environment, but it has so far been restricted to a limited range of remote sensing specialists because of the considerable cost of metric systems for the acquisition and treatment of airborne imagery. Today, a wide range of commercial and open-source software tools enable the generation of 3-D and 4-D models of complex geomorphological features by geoscientists and other non-experts users. In addition, very recent rapid developments in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology allow for the flexible generation of high-quality aerial surveying and ortho-photography at a relatively low cost.The increasing computing capabilities during the last decade, together with the development of high-performance digital sensors and the important software innovations developed by computer-based vision and visual perception research fields, have extended the rigorous processing of stereoscopic image data to a 3-D point cloud generation from a series of non-calibrated images. Structure-from-motion (SfM) workflows are based upon algorithms for efficient and automatic orientation of large image sets without further data acquisition information, examples including robust feature detectors like the scale-invariant feature transform for 2-D imagery. Nevertheless, the importance of carrying out well-established fieldwork strategies, using proper camera settings, ground control points and ground truth for understanding the different sources of errors, still needs to be adapted in the common scientific practice.This review intends not only to summarise the current state of the art on using SfM workflows in geomorphometry but also to give an overview of terms and fields of application. Furthermore, this article aims to quantify already achieved accuracies and used scales, using different strategies in order to evaluate possible stagnations of current developments and to identify key future challenges. It is our belief that some lessons learned from former articles, scientific reports and book chapters concerning the identification of common errors or "bad practices" and some other valuable information may help in guiding the future use of SfM photogrammetry in geosciences.
Synchrotron microtomographic quantification of geometrical soil pore characteristics affected by compaction
Authors: Udawatta Ranjith P. , Gantzer Clark J. , Anderson Stephen H. , Assouline Shmuel 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Soil compaction degrades soil structure and affects water, heat, and gas exchange as well as root penetration and crop production. The objective of this study was to use X-ray computed microtomography (CMT) techniques to compare differences in geometrical soil pore parameters as influenced by compaction of two different aggregate size classes. Sieved (diameter  <  2 mm and  <  0.5 mm) and repacked (1.51 and 1.72 Mg m−3) Hamra soil cores of 5 by 5 mm (average porosities were 0.44 and 0.35) were imaged at 9.6 μm resolution at the Argonne Advanced Photon Source (synchrotron facility) using X-ray CMT. Images of 58.9 mm3 volume were analyzed using 3-Dimensional Medial Axis (3-DMA) software. Geometrical characteristics of the spatial distributions of pore structures (pore radii, volume, connectivity, path length, and tortuosity) were numerically investigated. Results show that the coordination number (CN) distribution and path length (PL) measured from the medial axis were reasonably fit by exponential relationships P(CN)  =  10−CN∕Co and P(PL)  =  10−PL∕PLo, respectively, where Co and PLo are the corresponding characteristic constants. Compaction reduced porosity, average pore size, number of pores, and characteristic constants. The average pore radii (63.7 and 61 µm; p  <  0.04), largest pore volume (1.58 and 0.58 mm3; p  =  0.06), number of pores (55 and 50; p  =  0.09), and characteristic coordination number (3.74 and 3.94; p  =  0.02) were significantly different between the low-density than the high-density treatment. Aggregate size also influenced measured geometrical pore parameters. This analytical technique provides a tool for assessing changes in soil pores that affect hydraulic properties and thereby provides information to assist in assessment of soil management systems.