bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The complementary relationship between actual and potential evaporation for spatially heterogeneous surfaces
Authors: Aminzadeh Milad , Or Dani 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Complementary Relationship (CR) between actual and potential evaporation offers an attractive framework for estimating actual evaporation of drying land surfaces from simple meteorological measurements. Land surfaces are often heterogeneous with variable soil types, land cover, and local hydrologic conditions that give rise to spatially variable evaporation dynamics. The main aim is to incorporate effects of spatial heterogeneities on estimates of actual evaporation in the CR framework. The study extends the physically based approach of Aminzadeh et al. (2016) and proposes upscaling schemes for land‐atmosphere interactions affecting reference evaporation from heterogeneous surfaces comprised of vegetation and bare soil patches. For small‐scale surface heterogeneity relative to the extent of convective boundary layer (CBL), area‐averaged atmospheric boundary conditions were imposed over the domain of interest to integrate contributions from patches with different dynamics. For large‐scale heterogeneity (large patches relative to the scale of the mean CBL), fluxes from each patch were weighted by their respective areas. Preliminary results are in reasonable agreement with available field measurements and illustrate various effects of heterogeneous surface evaporative fluxes on the CR response. The results also highlight hidden dynamics not captured by standard CR, such as ability of vegetated patches to support steady evaporative fluxes until the onset of water stress while bare soil has already dried out. The study provides new insights into the roles of different vegetation types, land cover fraction, and atmospheric conditions on regional CR behavior hence advancing predictive capabilities of actual evapotranspiration from spatially heterogeneous land surfaces.
The External Validity of the Concealed Information Test: The Effect of Choosing to Commit a Mock Crime
Authors: Nahari Tal , Breska Assaf , Elber Lotem , Klein Selle Nathalie , Ben‐Shakhar Gershon 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe Concealed Information Test (CIT) aims to detect concealed information through differential physiological and behavioral responses to the concealed items. Although extensive experimental research has demonstrated the empirical validity of the CIT, the external validity of these studies has been questioned. One essential difference between experimental setups and realistic contexts is the voluntary act of committing the crime and concealing the critical (crime‐related) items. The present study examined whether the detection efficiency of the CIT alters under conditions of free choice to commit a mock crime. In the ‘choice’ condition, participants chose to perform a mock crime or a computerized task, while in the control, ‘instructed’ condition participants were instructed either to commit the mock crime or a computerized task. The results revealed no significant differences in the detection efficiency between the two conditions in electrodermal, respiration, and reaction time measures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unveiling the Hidden Performance of Whole Cells in the Asymmetric Bioreduction of Aryl‐containing Ketones in Aqueous Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Vitale Paola , Abbinante Vincenzo Mirco , Perna Filippo Maria , Salomone Antonio , Cardellicchio Cosimo , Capriati Vito 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this contribution, we report the first successful baker's yeast reduction of arylpropanones using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as biodegradable and non‐hazardous co‐solvents. The nature of DES [e.g. choline chloride/glycerol (2:1)] and the percentage of water in the mixture proved to be critical for both the reversal of selectivity and to achieve high enantioselectivity on going from pure water (up to 98:2 er in favour of theS‐enantiomer) to DES/aqueous mixtures (up to 98:2 er in favour of theR‐enantiomer). As a result, both enantiomers of valuable chiral alcohols of pharmaceutical interest were prepared from the same biocatalyst by simply switching the solvent. The possible inhibition of some (S)‐oxidoreductases making part of the genome of such a wild‐type whole cell biocatalyst when DESs are used as co‐solvents may pave the way for ananti‐Prelog reduction. The scope and limitations of this kind of biotransformations for a range of aryl‐containing ketones are also discussed.magnified image
Variation in external representations as part of the classroom lecture:An investigation of virtual cell animations in introductory photosynthesis instruction*
Authors: Goff Eric E. , Reindl Katie M. , Johnson Christina , McClean Phillip , Offerdahl Erika G. , Schroeder Noah L. , White Alan R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe use of external representations (ERs) to introduce concepts in undergraduate biology has become increasingly common. Two of the most prevalent are static images and dynamic animations. While previous studies comparing static images and dynamic animations have resulted in somewhat conflicting findings in regards to learning outcomes, the benefits of each have been shown individually. Using ERs developed by the Virtual Cell Animation project, we aim to further investigate student learning using different ERs as part of an introductory biology lecture. We focus our study on the topic of photosynthesis as reports have noted that students struggle with a number of basic photosynthesis concepts. Students (n = 167) in ten sections of introductory biology laboratory were introduced to photosynthesis concepts by instructional lectures differing only in the format of the embedded ERs. Normalized gain scores were calculated, showing that students who learned with dynamic animations outperformed students who learned from static images on the posttest. The results of this study provide possible instructional guidelines for those delivering photosynthesis instruction in the introductory biology classroom. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(3):226–234, 2017.
A unique large‐scale undergraduate research experience in molecular systems biology for non‐mathematics majors
Authors: Kappler Ulrike , Rowland Susan L. , Pedwell Rhianna K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSystems biology is frequently taught with an emphasis on mathematical modeling approaches. This focus effectively excludes most biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology students, who are not mathematics majors. The mathematical focus can also present a misleading picture of systems biology, which is a multi‐disciplinary pursuit requiring collaboration between biochemists, bioinformaticians, and mathematicians. This article describes an authentic large‐scale undergraduate research experience (ALURE) in systems biology that incorporates proteomics, bacterial genomics, and bioinformatics in the one exercise. This project is designed to engage students who have a basic grounding in protein chemistry and metabolism and no mathematical modeling skills. The pedagogy around the research experience is designed to help students attack complex datasets and use their emergent metabolic knowledge to make meaning from large amounts of raw data. On completing the ALURE, participants reported a significant increase in their confidence around analyzing large datasets, while the majority of the cohort reported good or great gains in a variety of skills including “analysing data for patterns” and “conducting database or internet searches.” An environmental scan shows that this ALURE is the only undergraduate‐level system‐biology research project offered on a large‐scale in Australia; this speaks to the perceived difficulty of implementing such an opportunity for students. We argue however, that based on the student feedback, allowing undergraduate students to complete a systems‐biology project is both feasible and desirable, even if the students are not maths and computing majors. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(3):235–248, 2017.
Morphological relationship between the superior cervical ganglion and cervical nerves in Japanese cadaver donors
Authors: Mitsuoka Kazuyuki , Kikutani Takeshi , Sato Iwao 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionThere are various communications between the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. However, little information exists concerning the origin of these sympathetic ganglion branches at the superior, middle, and inferior regions of the human SCG. The aim of this study was to describe the human SCG in a morphometric manner with the communication with cranial and cervical nerves and supply.MethodsThis study characterized 72 SCG samples from 54 elderly Japanese human cadavers (30 males, 24 females; 65–100 years old). The SCG size (length, width, and thickness) and location were measured from the jugular foramen. We also defined the communication branches of the SCG to the vagus, glossopharyngeal, cervical, and accessory nerves at three regions (superior, middle, and inferior regions) of the SCG. Finally, we examined the arrangement and origin of the branch communications in detail and confirmed our observations, using histological sections of the SCG.ResultsThe SCG in all cadaver donors was detected at the C2 and C3 vertebra levels. The number of SCG branches supplied the communicating branches, such as the carotid branch, communicating branch of the vagus nerve, and glossopharyngeal nerve, were frequently detected in the superior region of the SCG (χ2 = 587.72, df = 26, p < .001). The number of ganglion cells with a large number of neurons per unit area (1 mm2) was most often found in the middle region with shrunken neurons of the SCG compared with other regions.ConclusionThe communication branches of the SCG are mainly connected to the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. Characterizing these branches can provide useful data for head and neck ganglion block and surgical treatments.
Brain structure, working memory and response inhibition in childhood leukemia survivors
Authors: van der Plas Ellen , Schachar Russell J. , Hitzler Johann , Crosbie Jennifer , Guger Sharon L. , Spiegler Brenda J. , Ito Shinya , Nieman Brian J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionSurvival rates for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) approach 95%. At the same time, there is growing concern that chemotherapy causes alterations in brain development and cognitive abilities. We performed MRI measurements of white and gray matter volume to explore how variation in brain structure may be related to cognitive abilities in ALL survivors and healthy controls.MethodsThe sample included 24 male ALL survivors who had completed contemporary treatment 3–11 years prior, and 21 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Participants were between 8 and 18 years old. Working memory and motor response inhibition were measured with the N‐Back and Stop Signal Tasks (SST), respectively. Participants underwent 3T structural MRI to assess white and gray matter volumes overall, lobe‐wise, and in cortical and atlas‐identified subcortical structures. Mental health was assessed with the Child Behavioral Checklist.ResultsALL survivors performed more poorly on measures of working memory and response inhibition than controls. Frontal and parietal white matter, temporal and occipital gray matter volume, and volumes of subcortical white and gray matter structures were significantly reduced in ALL survivors compared with controls. Significant structure‐function correlations were observed between working memory performance and volume of the amygdala, thalamus, striatum, and corpus callosum. Response inhibition was correlated with frontal white matter volume. No differences were found in psychopathology.ConclusionsCompared with controls, a reduction in volume across brain regions and tissue types, was detectable in ALL survivors years after completion of therapy. These structural alterations were correlated with neurocognitive performance, particularly in working memory. Confirming these observations in a larger, more representative sample of the population is necessary. Additionally, establishing the time course of these changes—and the treatment, genetic, and environmental factors that influence them—may provide opportunities to identify at‐risk patients, inform the design of treatment modifications, and minimize adverse cognitive outcomes.
Chronos: A tool to develop the time management competence among engineering students
Authors: Hernandez‐Linares Remedios , Sánchez Héctor , Agudo J. Enrique , Rico Mercedes 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe development of cross‐curricular competences is one of the challenges European higher education is facing as consequence of the establishment of the European Higher Education Area (AHEA). One of these competences is the “time management,” an instrumental ability related to manage personal and working time. Time management seems to be a significant competence for engineering professionals, but despite its importance, the empirical literature linking such competence with the engineering teach remains limited. By addressing this research gap, the main purpose of this research is to gain insights into whether Chronos, a computer‐based game, proves efficient to train time management and change the perception of engineering students about the role played by this competence to improve productivity. In order to reach this goal, we perform an exploratory empirical study, based on data retrieved from 72 engineering students, which are analyzed by applying different statistical analysis (mainly mean test and regression analysis). Findings indicate that Chronos is a successful tool to develop time management competence in the context of engineering degrees. Thus, the present article promotes the reflection on the difficulties teachers face in the development of cross‐curricular competences and proposes new areas requiring further investigation, which are also discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:79–89, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21780
MicroRNA‐195‐5p suppresses osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion by suppressing naked cuticle homolog 1
Authors: Qu Qiang , Chu Xiangdong , Wang Peng 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMiR‐195‐5p has been shown to play an essential role in human cancer progression. Nevertheless, the biological role of miR‐195‐5p in osteosarcoma development remains unclear. In this study, real‐time PCR was performed to examine the miR‐195‐5p expression in human osteosarcoma cell lines. CCK‐8 assay and Transwell assay were carried out to measure the effect of miR‐195‐5p on cell proliferation and invasion. Luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the targets of miR‐195‐5p. The results showed that miR‐195‐5p was significantly downregulated in osteosarcoma cells. Forced expression of miR‐195‐5p significantly inhibited cell proliferation, suppressed cell migration and invasion, compared with wild‐type and control‐transfected osteosarcoma cells. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR‐195‐5p binds to the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) of Naked cuticle homolog 1 (NKD1), indicating that NKD1 was a novel target of miR‐195‐5p. NKD1 mRNA and protein levels were reduced after overexpression of miR‐195‐5p. Moreover, silencing of NKD1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Accordingly, our results support a tumor suppressor role of miR‐195‐5p in osteosarcoma through inhibiting NKD1, and it may be a promising therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Heterotopic sebaceous glands in the esophagus, a very rare histopathological diagnosis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Montalvo Nelson , Tapia Verónica , Padilla Hernán , Redrobán Ligia 
Published: December 2016

Key Clinical MessageSebaceous glands are very rarely found in the esophagus. Existing reports do not contain sufficient epidemiological, etiological, clinical, or prognostic data. Its histogenesis suggests heterotopia or metaplasia. Despite its extreme rarity, correct and generally easy identification enables establishing the proper patient monitoring.
Diurnal glucose exposure profiles of patients treated with lixisenatide before breakfast or the main meal of the day: An analysis using continuous glucose monitoring
Authors: Bergenstal Richard M. , Strock Ellie , Mazze Roger , Powers Margaret A. , Monk Arlene M. , Richter Sara , Souhami Elisabeth , Ahrén Bo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn the parent study of this analysis, patients with type 2 diabetes received lixisenatide before breakfast or the main meal of the day. This substudy was designed to examine the effect of lixisenatide administered before breakfast or the main meal of the day on continuously assessed 24‐hour patient glucose profiles.MethodsA subset of patients from the parent study underwent 2 14‐day periods of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) at the start and end of the 24‐week study. Ambulatory glucose profile analysis was used to measure changes over time in detailed aspects of the glucose profiles. The breakfast group consumed a standardized meal during both CGM periods to determine change in 4‐hour glycemic response.ResultsData were available for 69 patients in the substudy, 40 from the original breakfast group and 29 from the main meal group. Between baseline and end of study, mean (standard deviation) total glucose exposure decreased from 4198.1 (652.3) to 3681.2 (699.6) mg/dL*24 h in the breakfast group (P < .0001) and from 4127.9 (876.8) to 3880.9 (1165.0) mg/dL*24 h in the main meal group (P = .0224). For patients included in the substudy, HbA1c decreased by approximately 0.6% in both groups. Mean (standard deviation) 4‐hour total glucose exposure fell by 168.9 (158.4) mg/dL*4 h (P < .0001) from baseline.ConclusionsThis analysis demonstrates that lixisenatide has beneficial effects on components of the 24‐hour glucose profile, which endure beyond the meal at which it is administered. Continuous glucose monitoring analysis detects changes not captured using HbA1c alone.
Axons get ahead: Insights into axon guidance and congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders
Authors: Chilton John K. , Guthrie Sarah 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTCranial nerves innervate head muscles in a well‐characterized and highly conserved pattern. Identification of genes responsible for human congenital disorders of these nerves, combined with the analysis of their role in axonal development in animal models, has advanced understanding of how neuromuscular connectivity is established. Here, we focus on the ocular motor system, as an instructive example of the success of this approach in unravelling the aetiology of human strabismus. The discovery that ocular motility disorders can arise from mutations in transcription factors, including HoxA1, HoxB1, MafB, Phox2A, and Sall4, has revealed gene regulatory networks that pattern the brainstem and/or govern the differentiation of cranial motor neurons. Mutations in genes involved in axon growth and guidance disrupt specific stages of the extension and pathfinding of ocular motor nerves, and have been implicated in human strabismus. These genes encompass varied classes of molecule, from receptor complexes to dynamic effectors to cytoskeletal components, including Robo3/Rig1, Alpha2‐chimaerin, Kif21A, TUBB2, and TUBB3. A current challenge is to understand the protein regulatory networks that link the cell surface to the cytoskeleton and to dissect the co‐ordinated signalling cascades and motile responses that underpin axonal navigation. Here we review recent insights derived from basic and clinical science approaches, to show how, by capitalising on the strengths of each, a more complete picture of the aetiology of human congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders can be achieved. This elucidation of these principles illustrates the success of clinical genetic studies working in tandem with molecular and cellular models to enhance our understanding of human disease. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 861–875, 2017
Electrochemical Detection of Thioether‐Based Fluorosurfactants in Aqueous Film‐Forming Foam (AFFF)
Authors: Fanga Cheng , Megharaj Mallavarapu , Naidu Ravi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUsing cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance (IMP), we report a simple approach to detect new fluorosurfactant ingredient formulated in aqueous film‐forming foam (AFFF), specifically the thioether‐based one. First, we employ ion chromatography (IC) to identify all possible elements with the help of chemical oxidation and infrared spectrum (IR) to identify all possible functional groups. We thus propose a possible thioether‐based molecular structure of fluorosurfactant formulated in AFFF. By studying the self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) formed on gold (Au) surface via thio‐Au bond, we establish a relationship between the SAM density and the amount of the thioether‐based fluorosurfactant for the AFFF detection. Solid phase extraction (SPE) and nanoporous Au electrode are employed to enhance the sensitivity. Consequently, a detection limit of 10 ppb (v/v) has been achieved for AFFF‐spiked tap water sample.
EFHC1 mutation in Indian juvenile myoclonic epilepsy patient
Authors: Thounaojam Romita , Langbang Leader , Itisham Kavish , Sobhani Roohollah , Srivastava Shivani , Ramanujam Bhargavi , Verma Ramesh , Tripathi Manjari , Aguan Kripamoy 
Published: December 2016

SummaryObjectiveJuvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is the most common form of idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs) and is genetically heterogeneous. Mutations in EFHC1 cause JME. Because about 2 million people in India are affected by JME alone, we investigated the prevalence of mutations in the EFHC1 gene in the Indian population with JME. We studied 63 patients with JME and 80 healthy controls.MethodsClinical identification of JME was evaluated using established criteria. Following clinical evaluation of the patients and confirming presence of JME, blood samples were collected from each patient and healthy individual. Subsequently, genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples. Eleven exons of the EFHC1 gene were individually amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for each DNA sample. The PCR products were then purified and sequenced commercially. The identified DNA variants were sequenced at least twice in both the forward and reverse directions and compared with the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) database.ResultsWe found five heterozygous and one homozygous variant. We found three novel coding variants 661C→T, 779 G →A, and 730 C→T, which lead to R221C, R260Q, and R244STOP amino acid substitutions, respectively. The coding variant 475 C→T, resulting in the amino acid substitution R159W, reported earlier as polymorphism, was also identified in both patient and control populations.SignificanceDetection of these three novel variants, excluding R159W, which is considered polymorphism, expands the range of possible mutations in the EFHC1 gene. The novel variants that we are reporting herein have not been mentioned before as occurring in JME patients of other ethnic population. Therefore, these novel coding variants may be confined to the Indian JME population. Further studies on the mutational spectrum of EFHC1 in a larger number of Indian JME patients concurrent with their mode of inheritance and underlying functional assays should establish whether EFHC1 could be a panethnic gene for JME.