bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chloride co‐transporters as possible therapeutic targets for stroke
Authors: Martín‐Aragón Baudel Miguel A. S. , Poole Amy V. , Darlison Mark G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStroke is one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide. The major type of stroke is an ischaemic one, which is caused by a blockage that interrupts blood flow to the brain. There are currently very few pharmacological strategies to reduce the damage and social burden triggered by this pathology. The harm caused by the interruption of blood flow to the brain unfolds in the subsequent hours and days, so it is critical to identify new therapeutic targets that could reduce neuronal death associated with the spread of the damage. Here, we review some of the key molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of neuronal death, focusing on some new and promising studies. In particular, we focus on the potential of the chloride co‐transporter (CCC) family of proteins, mediators of the GABAergic response, both during the early and later stages of stroke, to promote neuroprotection and recovery. Different studies of CCCs during the chronic and recovery phases post‐stroke reveal the importance of timing when considering CCCs as potential neuroprotective and/or neuromodulator targets. The molecular regulatory mechanisms of the two main neuronal CCCs, NKCC1 and KCC2, are further discussed as an indirect approach for promoting neuroprotection and neurorehabilitation following an ischaemic insult. Finally, we mention the likely importance of combining different strategies in order to achieve more effective therapies.
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Lectins selectively label cartilage condensations and the otic neuroepithelium within the embryonic chicken head
Authors: Ray Poulomi , Hughes Ami J. , Sharif Misha , Chapman Susan C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCartilage morphogenesis during endochondral ossification follows a progression of conserved developmental events. Cells are specified towards a prechondrogenic fate and subsequently undergo condensation followed by overt differentiation. Currently available molecular markers of prechondrogenic and condensing mesenchyme rely on common regulators of the chondrogenic program that are not specific to the tissue type or location. Therefore tissue‐specific condensations cannot be distinguished based on known molecular markers. Here, using the chick embryo model, we utilized lectin labeling on serial sections, demonstrating that differential labeling by peanut agglutinin (PNA) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) successfully separates adjacently located condensations in the proximal second pharyngeal arch. PNA selectively labels chick middle ear columella and basal plate condensation, whereas SNA specifically marks extracolumella and the ventro‐lateral part of the otic capsule. We further extended our study to examine lectin‐binding properties of the different parts of the inner ear epithelium, neural tube and notochord. Our results show that SNA labels the auditory and vestibular hair cells of the inner ear, whereas PNA specifically recognizes the statoacoustic ganglion. PNA is also highly specific for the floor plate of the neural tube. Additionally, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) labels the basement membrane of the notochord and is a marker of the apical‐basal polarity of the cochlear duct. Overall, this study indicates that selective lectin labeling is a promising approach to differentiate between contiguously located mesenchymal condensations and subregions of epithelia globally during development.
Capturing early signs of deterioration: the dutch‐early‐nurse‐worry‐indicator‐score and its value in the Rapid Response System
Authors: Douw Gooske , Huisman‐de Waal Getty , van Zanten Arthur R H , van der Hoeven Johannes G , Schoonhoven Lisette 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo determine the predictive value of individual and combined dutch‐early‐nurse‐worry‐indicator‐score indicators at various Early Warning Score levels, differentiating between Early Warning Scores reaching the trigger threshold to call a rapid response team and Early Warning Score levels not reaching this point.BackgroundDutch‐early‐nurse‐worry‐indicator‐score comprises nine indicators underlying nurses’ ‘worry’ about a patient's condition. All indicators independently show significant association with unplanned intensive care/high dependency unit admission or unexpected mortality. Prediction of this outcome improved by adding the dutch‐early‐nurse‐worry‐indicator‐score indicators to an Early Warning Score based on vital signs.DesignAn observational cohort study was conducted on three surgical wards in a tertiary university‐affiliated teaching hospital.MethodsIncluded were surgical, native‐speaking, adult patients. Nurses scored presence of ‘worry’ and/or dutch‐early‐nurse‐worry‐indicator‐score indicators every shift or when worried. Vital signs were measured according to the prevailing protocol. Unplanned intensive care/high dependency unit admission or unexpected mortality was the composite endpoint. Percentages of ‘worry’ and dutch‐early‐nurse‐worry‐indicator‐score indicators were calculated at various Early Warning Score levels in control and event groups. Entering all dutch‐early‐nurse‐worry‐indicator‐score indicators in a multiple logistic regression analysis, we calculated a weighted score and calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value and negative predicted value for each possible total score.ResultsIn 3522 patients, 102 (2·9%) had an unplanned intensive care/high dependency unit admissions (n = 97) or unexpected mortality (n = 5). Patients with such events and only slightly changed vital signs had significantly higher percentages of ‘worry’ and dutch‐early‐nurse‐worry‐indicator‐score indicators expressed than patients in the control group. Increasing number of dutch‐early‐nurse‐worry‐indicator‐score indicators showed higher positive predictive values.ConclusionsDutch‐early‐nurse‐worry‐indicator‐score indicators alert in an early stage of deterioration, before reaching the trigger threshold to call a rapid response team and can improve interdisciplinary communication on surgical wards during regular rounds, and when calling for assistance.Relevance to clinical practiceDutch‐early‐nurse‐worry‐indicator‐score structures communication and recording of signs known to be associated with a decline in a patient's condition and can empower nurses to call assistance on the ‘worry’ criterion in an early stage of deterioration.
Improving the quality of registered nurses’ working time use data
Authors: Antinaho Tuula , Kivinen Tuula , Turunen Hannele , Partanen Pirjo 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine the advantages and disadvantages of external observation and self‐reporting methods in investigating registered nurses’ working time use in order to improve the quality of working time use data.BackgroundExternal observation and self‐reporting methods are the most widely used approaches for studying nurses’ working time use in observational work sampling studies, but there is scarce information of the data collection procedures and results in the same research context and in the same study.DesignA cross‐sectional quantitative study with a structured data collection instrument developed for this study. The same instrument was used in both data collections.MethodsData were collected from six inpatient units at two Finnish tertiary hospitals in autumn 2013 over two consecutive weeks. All registered nurses (n = 95) from two internal medical units, two surgical units and two psychiatric units participated in this study.ResultsStatistically significantly divergent information was produced by the two data collection methods in the major nursing categories of value‐adding care and non‐value‐adding work as well as in each of the seven nursing subcategories.ConclusionsExternal observation and self‐reporting gave an overall picture of how registered nurses are using their working time, and both methods were useful in examining registered nurses’ working time use when taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. The deviations between the results improved the quality of data because both methods address recognised shortcomings of the other.Relevance to clinical practiceThis research promotes awareness of the divergent study results by investigating registered nurses’ working time use with these two different data collection methods. In future, it would be wise to aim for more comparable data by applying external observation and self‐reporting techniques simultaneously.
Assessment of fetal myocardial performance index in women with pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sanhal Cem Yasar , Daglar Halil Korkut , Kara Ozgur , Uygur Dilek , Yucel Aykan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimFetal cardiac left ventricular function in pregnant women with pregestational or gestational diabetes mellitus was investigated by exploring fetal myocardial performance index (MPI) and E wave/A wave peak velocity (E/A) ratio.MethodsSeventy pregnant women with either pregestational or gestational diabetes mellitus and with no other systemic or pregnancy related disorders were compared with 70 gestational age matched healthy controls by means of fetal left ventricular MPI and E/A ratio. Opening and closing clicks of the mitral and aortic valves were used to define the three time periods: ejection time (ET), isovolumetric contraction time (ICT) and isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT), which were employed in the calculation of MPI (MPI = [ICT + IRT]/ET). Statistical analyses were conducted using receiver operating characteristic analysis and independent two‐samplet, Mann–Whitney U and chi‐square tests.ResultsFetal left ventricular MPI values were significantly higher in the diabetic group compared with controls (0.56 ± 0.09 vs 0.36 ± 0.04,P< 0.001), whereas E/A ratio was lower (0.66 ± 0.11 vs 0.69 ± 0.09,P= 0.049). The adverse perinatal outcome rate was also higher in the diabetic group. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed > 0.39 as the optimal cut‐off level for MPI in perinatal adverse outcome prediction (sensitivity: 90.9%, specificity: 47.7%, area under the curve: 0.690, 95% confidence interval: 0.598–0.782,P< 0.001).ConclusionsWe conclude that fetuses of diabetic mothers have significant left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction. MPI may be used in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in diabetic pregnancies.
Injury to the endometrium prior to the frozen–thawed embryo transfer cycle improves pregnancy rates in patients with repeated implantation failure
Authors: Kanazawa Emiko , Nakashima Akira , Yonemoto Koji , Otsuka Misako , Yoshioka Naomi , Kuramoto Takeshi , Mitao Hiroshi , Imaishi Hiroto , Komai Kan , Ushijima Kimio 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThis retrospective cohort study evaluated the effectiveness of injury to the endometrium prior to the frozen–thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF) in our clinic.MethodsIncluded in this study were 173 patients, aged ≤ 41 years, who failed to become pregnant after repeating fair and/or good embryo transfer more than twice between February 2012 and February 2015. The patients were divided into three groups: Group A (n = 38) underwent soft curettage to the endometrium twice, prior to the FET cycle; Group B (n = 45) underwent hysteroscopy prior to the FET cycle, with no significant factors, such as endometrial polyp; and Group C (n = 90) was the no‐treatment group.ResultsThe clinical pregnancy rate per transfer was found to be statistically significant between Group A at 42.1% (16/38) and Group C at 22.2% (20/90). The crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were 2.55 and 2.49 (95% confidence intervals 1.13–5.78, P = 0.03 and 1.01–6.17, P = 0.048) respectively. Group B with only hysteroscopy had a higher pregnancy rate of 35.6% (16/45) than Group C, but showed no statistical significance (P = 0.103).ConclusionThese results suggest that injuring the endometrium has a positive effect on pregnancy.
Vitamin D restores angiogenic balance and decreases tumor necrosis factor‐α in a rat model of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Song Jing , Li Yue , An Ruifang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimDeficiency of vitamin D is correlated with pre‐eclampsia (PE), a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, and is characterized by angiogenic imbalance and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether vitamin D supplementation can restore the angiogenic balance and ameliorate inflammation in a rat model of PE.MethodsPE was induced using l‐nitroarginine methylester. Normal pregnant and PE‐induced rats were supplemented with vitamin D on gestation days 14–19.ResultsBlood pressure was significantly increased in PE‐induced rats compared with normal pregnant rats (P < 0.05), and vitamin D supplementation ameliorated this difference. In addition, rats from the PE group had lower vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; P < 0.01), and higher plasma‐soluble FMS‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α; P < 0.01 for both) compared with the normal pregnant group. The vitamin D treatment group had significantly increased VEGF, and reduced sFlt‐1 and TNF‐α compared with the untreated PE group. Moreover, vitamin D supplementation was able to reduce the oxidative stress by lowering the plasma oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde.ConclusionVitamin D supplementation plays an important role in restoring angiogenic balance and reducing inflammation in pregnancy‐induced hypertension.
Efficacy and Safety of the GuideLiner Mother‐in‐Child Guide Catheter Extension in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Sharma Divyesh , Shah Ashish , Osten Mark , Ing Douglas , Barolet Alan , Overgaard Christopher B. , Džavík Vladimír , Seidelin Peter H. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures are increasingly performed on complex tortuous and heavily calcified coronary lesions. The GuideLiner® catheter (Vascular Solutions, Inc. Minneapolis, MN) is a rapid exchange guide catheter extension system. There is paucity of data about the efficacy of this device in complex PCI. Therefore, we aim to report the indications, success, and efficacy of GuideLiner use in treating complex lesion subset in the present study.MethodsWe collected data from all patients in whom the GuideLiner was used to facilitate PCI between April 1, 2011 and December 31, 2014 at a tertiary referral center in Toronto, Canada. Demographic and procedural data were obtained from an institutional prospective data registry. Indications for use of the GuideLiner, and angiographic and procedural data specific to the device were also collected.ResultsThe GuideLiner was utilized in 307 (317 lesions) of 6105 PCI procedures performed at our institution during the study period. The mean age was 68.4 ± 11.2 years and 82% were male. The majority of lesions were types B2 or C (98%), calcified (86.3%), with proximal tortuosity (88.6%). The overall technical success rate of the GuideLiner was 88%. The procedural success rate was 98.7%. The complication rate was low (1.6%).ConclusionsUse of the GuideLiner catheter facilitated successful completion of PCI procedures in a majority of patients with complex lesions. Operators should be aware of the potential complications associated with GuideLiner use.
Resources of Grandparents: Educational Outcomes Across Three Generations in Europe and Israel
Authors: Deindl Christian , Tieben Nicole 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEducational attainment depends on parents' material and cultural resources. In many families, the grandparents also provide resources that directly or indirectly support their children's educational careers. That is why we applied a multigenerational view and tested if and under which conditions the resources of grandparents are relevant for the educational outcomes of their grandchildren. Using data from the fifth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (N = 27,447), we examined the association between the education of children and the resources of their grandparents. The results show that the impact of grandparental resources is not generally negligible and not entirely mediated by the parental generation. The resources of the grandparents can be used as a substitute for a lack of parental resources. In addition, the “grandparent effect” also differs across countries, indicating that certain welfare state provisions seem to enhance or attenuate the relevance of grandparents' resources.
Does Shyness Vary According to Attained Social Roles? Trends Across Age Groups in a Large British Sample
Authors: Van Zalk Nejra , Lamb Michael E. , Jason Rentfrow Peter 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe current study investigated (a) how a composite measure of shyness comprising introversion and neuroticism relates to other well‐known constructs involving social fears, and (b) whether mean levels of shyness vary for men and women depending on the adoption of various social roles.MethodStudy 1 used a sample of 211 UK participants aged 17–70 (64% female; Mage = 47.90). Study 2 used data from a large cross‐sectional data set with UK participants aged 17–70 (Ntarget = 552,663; 64% female; Mage = 34.19 years).ResultsStudy 1 showed that shyness measured as a composite of introversion and neuroticism was highly correlated with other constructs involving social fears. Study 2 indicated that, controlling for various sociodemographic variables, females appeared to have higher levels, whereas males appeared to have lower levels of shyness. Males and females who were in employment had the lowest shyness levels, whereas those working in unskilled jobs had the highest levels and people working in sales the lowest levels of shyness. Participants in relationships had lower levels of shyness than those not in relationships, but parenthood was not associated with shyness.ConclusionsMean levels of shyness are likely to vary according to adopted social roles, gender, and age.
Inhibition ofPI3K‐Akt‐mTORsignal pathway dismissed the stimulation of glucose on goose liver cell growth
Authors: Wei S. , Han C. , He F. , Song Q. , Kang B. , Liu H. , Li L. , Xu H. , Zeng X. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryIn the formation of goose fatty liver induced by a high‐carbohydrate diet, it is characterized by the quick cell growth of liver. The carbohydrate is mostly digested and absorbed in the small intestine by the form of glucose. Recent studies have suggested a crucial role forPI3K‐Akt‐mTORpathway in regulating cell proliferation, and then we speculate thatPI3K‐Akt‐mTORpathway may mediate glucose‐induced liver cell proliferation. Goose primary hepatocytes were isolated and incubated in either no addition as a control or glucose orPI3K‐Akt‐mTORpathway inhibitors or cotreatment with glucose andPI3K‐Akt‐mTORpathway inhibitors. The results firstly showed that 35 mmol/l glucose stimulated themRNAlevel and protein content of factors involved inPI3K‐Akt‐mTORsignal pathway in goose primary hepatocytes. Secondly, 35 mmol/l glucose evidently changed the cell cyclePIindex and protein expression of cyclin D1. Meanwhile, the upregulation of 35 mmol/l glucose on theDNAsynthesis rate, cell cyclePIindex, themRNAexpression, protein content and protein expression of factors involved in the cell proliferation was decreased significantly by the inhibitors ofPI3K‐Akt‐mTORpathway,LY294002, rapamycin orNVP‐BEZ235. In summary, glucose could stimulate the cell proliferation, and thePI3K‐Akt‐mTORpathway inhibitors could dismiss glucose‐induced the upregulation of cell proliferation in goose primary hepatocyte.
Morphometric traits of gizzard in relation to feeding habits of wild Sardinian partridges (Alectoris barbara barbara, Bonnaterre, 1790) with particular regard to clast selection
Authors: Cappai M. G. , Arru G. , Manconi M. , Muzzeddu M. , Pinna W. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryHousing and feeding practices of wild birds for conservation management of biodiversity or restocking play a crucial role in determining the survival rates of animals when released into nature. Failure in coping with the environment might be one of the main flaws captive animals can experience when put into natural habitat. The present investigation aimed at exploring feeding habits and related morphometric traits of gizzard with respective content from wild partridges in comparison with captive ones. A total of 52 hunted wild Sardinian adult partridges (Alectoris barbara barbara Bonnaterre, 1790) were used. By comparison, 42 captive adult partridges reared in cages were enrolled. From each animal, the morphology of gizzard was investigated and respective content analysed for gross composition and taxonomical determination of fractions. Wet sieving analysis of each gizzard content was carried out (four‐sieve towers with different mesh sizes: 1 mm, 500 μm, 250 μm and 125 μm), and relative and absolute weight of fresh filled and empty gizzards were recorded. Thickness of muscular layer of gizzard wall was measured by stereomicroscope. Carcass weight significantly (p < 0.05) differed between captive vs. wild partridges (478 ± 21 and 305 ± 35 g respectively). Post‐mortem inspection highlighted gross morphological differences of gizzards between the two groups. Fresh weight of empty gizzards was 6.37 ± 0.80 vs. 11.25 ± 1.82 g, with average pH values of digesta 4.97 ± 0.11 vs. 4.38 ± 0.28 in captive vs. wild partridges respectively. Gizzard content from wild partridges accounted a 61.7% vs. 38.3% of biological vs. non‐biological material proportions (DM basis). The non‐biological material was mostly represented by lithic fragments and minerals (quartz, feldspar, calcite and mica) with specific peculiarities in terms of granulometry and morphometry. Feeding the captive partridges should point to support morphological and functional adaptation of gizzards to the feeding stuffs naturally available in the environment.
The Evidence for Easy‐Read for People With Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Sutherland Rebekah Joy , Isherwood Tom 
Published: November 2016

AbstractProducing accessible information for people with intellectual disabilities has been seen as a priority for the past 20 years. Easy‐read resources are now widely available and several guidelines have been produced to support their development. However, little is known about the effectiveness of easy‐read resources and the specific components that make it effective. A systematic review of the literature in electronic databases (Medline, Embase, BNI, CINAHL, HMIC, PsycINFO, ERIC, PubMed, and Cochrane Library) conducted between November 2013 and January 2014 yielded 11 publications that attempted to evaluate the impact of easy‐read resources. The large variation in methodology among studies prevented a direct comparison of results; however, there were mixed findings concerning the impact of adding illustrations to written text on comprehension. A reader's level of familiarity with symbols emerged as an important factor, particularly with more abstract symbol systems that require some learning. Photographs and illustrations were generally found to be helpful, although it was acknowledged that these can be confusing and clear explanations are needed to ensure the correct message is conveyed. The format and level of difficulty of the text played an important role in the overall accessibility of information and particular linguistic features were associated with increased understanding. The methodological limitations of these studies were also considered and used to inform recommendations for future research. More attention needs to be focused on evaluating and distributing easy‐read information, as well as producing it.