bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISPR-directed mitotic recombination enables genetic mapping without crosses
Authors: Sadhu Meru J. , Bloom Joshua S. , Day Laura , Kruglyak Leonid 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLinkage and association studies have mapped thousands of genomic regions that contribute to phenotypic variation, but narrowing these regions to the underlying causal genes and variants has proven much more challenging. Resolution of genetic mapping is limited by the recombination rate. We developed a method that uses CRISPR to build mapping panels with targeted recombination events. We tested the method by generating a panel with recombination events spaced along a yeast chromosome arm, mapping trait variation, and then targeting a high density of recombination events to the region of interest. Using this approach, we fine-mapped manganese sensitivity to a single polymorphism in the transporter Pmr1. Targeting recombination events to regions of interest allows us to rapidly and systematically identify causal variants underlying trait differences.
Inhibitory effect of a histamine 4 receptor antagonist on CCL17 and CCL22 production by monocyte‐derived Langerhans cells in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Miyano Kyohei , Matsushita Sho , Tsuchida Tetsuya , Nakamura Koichiro 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe examined the inhibitory effect of a histamine 4 receptor (H4R) antagonist (JNJ7777120) on CCL17 and CCL22 chemokine production by human monocyte‐derived Langerhans cells (MoLC) in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and healthy controls (HC). We confirmed the significantly higher production of both CCL17 and CCL22 in the MoLC of AD patients compared with HC. The H4R antagonist significantly inhibited the production of both CCL17 and CCL22 in the MoLC of AD patients. With regard to TLR2‐signaled enhancement, peptidoglycan (PGN)‐enhanced production of CCL17 and CCL22 by MoLC was inhibited by the H4R. Immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that phosphorylated p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase was induced by PGN and that this enhancement was attenuated by the application of the H4R antagonist. These data indicate that H4 signaling modulates the production of T‐helper 2 chemokine in MoLC and contributes to chronic inflammation in AD patients. Our data suggest a possible novel therapeutic approach using a H4R antagonist in the treatment of patients with AD.
The wounded blogger: analysis of narratives by women with breast cancer
Authors: Coll‐Planas Gerard , Visa Mariona 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyse the representation of the body in seven blogs by Spanish women with breast cancer. Using both texts and images, we analyse how they reproduce modern and postmodern logic to represent the wounded body. Based on Frank's proposals, this article draws the conclusion that the women bloggers mainly reproduce the modern logic (characterised by the restitution narrative and a predictable, disassociated and monadic body), but there are elements which break with this logic (the quest narrative, the body presented as associated, dyadic and full of desire, and the acceptance of contingency). After applying Frank's categories, we suggest that the contemporary way of experiencing illness may question the clarity of the modern/postmodern divide.
Revitalizing sociology: urban life and mental illness between history and the present
Authors: Fitzgerald Des , Rose Nikolas , Singh Ilina 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper proposes a re‐thinking of the relationship between sociology and the biological sciences. Tracing lines of connection between the history of sociology and the contemporary landscape of biology, the paper argues for a reconfiguration of this relationship beyond popular rhetorics of ‘biologization' or ‘medicalization'. At the heart of the paper is a claim that, today, there are some potent new frames for re‐imagining the traffic between sociological and biological research – even for ‘revitalizing’ the sociological enterprise as such. The paper threads this argument through one empirical case: the relationship between urban life and mental illness. In its first section, it shows how this relationship enlivened both early psychiatric epidemiology, and some forms of the new discipline of sociology; it then traces the historical division of these sciences, as the sociological investment in psychiatric questions waned, and ‘the social' become marginalized within an increasingly ‘biological' psychiatry. In its third section, however, the paper shows how this relationship has lately been revivified, but now by a nuanced epigenetic and neurobiological attention to the links between mental health and urban life. What role can sociology play here? In its final section, the paper shows how this older sociology, with its lively interest in the psychiatric and neurobiological vicissitudes of urban social life, can be our guide in helping to identify intersections between sociological and biological attention. With a new century now underway, the paper concludes by suggesting that the relationship between urban life and mental illness may prove a core testing‐ground for a ‘revitalized' sociology.
A Machine Learning Framework for Plan Payment Risk Adjustment
Authors: Rose Sherri 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo introduce cross‐validation and a nonparametric machine learning framework for plan payment risk adjustment and then assess whether they have the potential to improve risk adjustment.Data Sources2011–2012 Truven MarketScan database.Study DesignWe compare the performance of multiple statistical approaches within a broad machine learning framework for estimation of risk adjustment formulas. Total annual expenditure was predicted using age, sex, geography, inpatient diagnoses, and hierarchical condition category variables. The methods included regression, penalized regression, decision trees, neural networks, and an ensemble super learner, all in concert with screening algorithms that reduce the set of variables considered. The performance of these methods was compared based on cross‐validated R2.Principal FindingsOur results indicate that a simplified risk adjustment formula selected via this nonparametric framework maintains much of the efficiency of a traditional larger formula. The ensemble approach also outperformed classical regression and all other algorithms studied.ConclusionsThe implementation of cross‐validated machine learning techniques provides novel insight into risk adjustment estimation, possibly allowing for a simplified formula, thereby reducing incentives for increased coding intensity as well as the ability of insurers to “game” the system with aggressive diagnostic upcoding.
Valorization of Olive Pomace Oil with Enzymatic Synthesis of 2‐Monoacylglycerol
Authors: Keskin Hasene , Koçak Yanık Derya , Mucuk Hatice Neval , Göğüş Fahrettin , Fadıloğlu Sibel 
Published: February 2016

Abstract2‐Monoacylglycerols (2‐MAG) with a high content of oleic acid at sn‐2 position was synthesized by enzymatic ethanolysis of refined olive pomace oil, which is a byproduct of olive oil processing. Six lipases from different microbial sources were used in the synthesis of 2‐MAG. Immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica gave the highest product yield among the selected lipases. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize reaction conditions; time (4 to 10 h), temperature (45 to 60 °C), enzyme load (10 to 18 wt%), and ethanol:oil molar ratio (30:1 to 60:1). The predicted highest 2‐MAG yield (84.83%) was obtained at 45 °C using 10 (wt%) enzyme load and 50:1 ethanol:oil molar ratio for 5 h reaction time. Experiments to confirm the predicted results at optimum conditions presented a 2‐MAG yield of 82.54%. The purification yield (g 2‐MAG extracted/100 g of total product) was 80.10 and 69.00 for solvent extraction and low‐temperature crystallization, respectively. The purity of the synthesized 2‐MAG was found to be higher than 96%.
Modification of Sodium Release Using Porous Corn Starch and Lipoproteic Matrix
Authors: Christina Josephine , Lee Youngsoo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractExcessive sodium consumption can result in hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases, stroke, and kidney diseases. Various chips and extruded snacks, where salt is mainly applied on the product surface, accounted for almost 56% of snacks retail sales in 2010. Hence, it is important to target sodium reduction for those snack products. Past studies had shown that modifying the rate‐release mechanism of sodium is a promising strategy for sodium reduction in the food industry. Encapsulation of salt can be a possible technique to control sodium release rate. Porous corn starch (PCS), created by enzymatic treatment and spray drying and lipoproteic matrix, created by gelation and freeze drying, were evaluated as carriers for controlled sodium release targeting topically applied salts. Both carriers encapsulated salt and their in vitro sodium release profiles were measured using a conductivity meter. The sodium release profiles of PCS treated with different enzymatic reaction times were not significantly different. Protein content and fat content altered sodium release profile from the lipoproteic matrix. The SEM images of PCS showed that most of the salt crystals coated the starch instead of being encapsulated in the pores while the SEM images and computed tomography scan of lipoproteic matrix showed salt dispersed throughout the matrix. Hence, PCS was found to have limitations as a sodium carrier as it could not effectively encapsulate salt inside its pores. The lipoproteic matrix was found to have a potential as a sodium carrier as it could effectively encapsulate salt and modify the sodium release profile.
A Comparative Assessment of Runoff Nitrogen from Turf, Forest, Meadow, and Mixed Landuse Watersheds
Authors: Bachman Matthew , Inamdar Shreeram , Barton Sue , Duke Joshua M. , Tallamy Doug , Bruck Jules 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLandscaping paradigms that encourage high‐input, intensively managed and mono‐culture turf/lawn landscapes have raised concerns about water quality. We conducted a watershed‐scale assessment of landscaping practices that included turf, urban, forest, native meadow, and mixed landuse watersheds with a professional golf course and a parking lot. The turf site was moderately managed and had lower fertilizer inputs than those typically used by homeowners and golf courses. Stream water sampling was performed during base flow and storm events. Highest nitrate and total nitrogen concentrations in runoff were observed for the mixed watershed draining the golf course. In contrast, concentrations in base flow from the turf watershed were lower than expected and were comparable to those measured in the surrounding meadow and forest sites. Total nitrogen concentrations from the turf site increased sharply during the first storms following fertilization, suggesting that despite optimal management there exists a risk for nutrient runoff following fertilization. Overall, this study suggests that turf or lawns, when managed properly, pose minimal water quality risk to surface waters. Rate, timing of application, and the type of fertilizer appear to be the key factors affecting water quality. Better education of homeowners and landscaping professionals with regard to these factors may be a cost‐effective strategy to reduce nonpoint source pollution.
Multivariate Condition Assessment of Watersheds with Linked Micromaps
Authors: McManus Michael G. , Pond Gregory J. , Reynolds Lou , Griffith Michael B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA challenge for statewide stream monitoring is visualizing the spatial and statistical characteristics of such data to compare the biotic condition of watersheds and relate that condition to watershed‐level estimates of instream variables. We used linked micromaps on stream survey data of 25 subbasins (766‐5,982 km2) for biotic condition, nine water quality, and two habitat variables. Subbasin biotic condition was negatively correlated with conductivity, magnesium and sulfate concentrations, and weakly positively correlated with habitat scores of sedimentation and embeddedness, with higher scores indicating better habitat. Positive spatial autocorrelation was detected among the subbasins in both habitat variables, iron concentration, pH, and exceedances of fecal coliform criteria as shown in linked micromaps. A spatial principal components analysis reduced the 11 environmental variables to two principal axes. The first axis synthesized a gradient of water quality and habitat scores among the subbasins. Subbasin biotic condition regressed on first axis subbasin scores had a significant, negative slope and accounted for 55% of the variation. Subbasins in degraded biotic condition had elevated conductivities and ion concentrations in northern and southern subbasins, and low habitat scores in western subbasins. Through linked micromaps, we compared the biotic condition among subbasins and identified stressors prevalent among subbasins that affected biotic condition.
Linking Nitrogen Export to Landscape Heterogeneity: The Role of Infrastructure and Storm Flows in a Mediterranean Urban System
Authors: McConaghie James B. , Cadenasso Mary L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUrban ecosystems are often sources of nonpoint source (NPS) nitrogen (N) pollution to aquatic ecosystems. However, N export from urban watersheds is highly variable. Examples of densely urbanized watersheds are not well studied, and these may have comparatively low export rates. Commonly used metrics of landscape heterogeneity may obscure our ability to discern relationships among landscape characteristics that can explain these lower export rates. We expected that differences not often captured by these metrics in the relative cover of vegetation, structures, and impervious surfaces would better explain observed variation in N export. We examined these relationships during storms in residential watersheds. Contrary to expectations, land cover did not directly predict variation in N or water export. Instead, N export was strongly linked to drainage infrastructure density. Our research highlights the role of fine‐scaled landscape attributes, mainly infrastructure, in explaining patterns of N export from densely urbanized watersheds. Changes to hydrologic flow paths by infrastructure explained more variation in N export than land cover. Our findings support further development of landscape ecological models of urban N export that focus on hydrologic modification by infrastructure rather than traditional landscape measures such as land use, as indicators for evaluating patterns of NPS nitrogen pollution in densely urbanized watersheds.
Furongian (upper Cambrian) Guole Konservat‐Lagerstätte from South China
Authors: Xuejian ZHU , Shanchi PENG , ZAMORA Samuel , LEFEBVRE Bertrand , Guiying CHEN 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Guole biota contains common shelly fossils and some exceptionally well‐preserved soft‐bodied fossils. Stratigraphically, it is located in the mudstones and siltstones of the Sandu Formation near Guole Town, Jingxi County, Guangxi, South China. It is the first Furongian (late Cambrian) Burgess Shale‐type biota found in the world, thereby filling the gap between middle Cambrian and Lower Ordovician Burgess Shale‐type Lagerstätten. Preliminary studies suggest that the Guole biota includes approximately seven metazoan groups as well as algae. These will provide important new evolutionary and ecological information.
Internal Microanatomy and Zoological Affinity of the Early CambrianOlivooides
Authors: Jian HAN , Guoxiang LI , Shin KUBOTA , Qiang OU , Sho TOSHINO , Xing WANG , Xiaoguang YANG , Kentaro UESUGI , Hoshino MASATO , Osamu SASAKI , Harumasa KANO , Tomohiko SATO , Tsuyoshi KOMIYA 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe early Cambrian pentamerous microfossilOlivooides/Punctatusin South China, which is characterized by a diagnostic stellate tubular apex, has been well‐known for its almost complete development sequence that can be confidently traced from embryos and hatched juveniles, to conical adults. However, its zoological affinity remains highly controversial. Here we describe the internal microanatomic structures of the soft‐body inside the peridermal theca ofOlivooides multisulcatusQian, 1977, including interradial pairs of tentacles, adradial and perradial fremila, perradial oral marginal lappets and twins of perradial gastric saccule‐like humps as well as a circular velarium with striated coronal muscles. Particularly, one specimen shows bifurcated velarial canals along the bell aperture. Both the components of the soft‐body and the external theca (or cyst) are arranged in perfect pentaradial symmetry. These characteristics are more compatible with those of living cubomedusans and co‐occurring Cambrian athecate embryonic cubozoans. Concerning the presence of peridermal theca,Olivooidesmost likely represents an extinct thecate stem‐group cubomedusae but devoid of both perradial eyes and specialized pedalia. The well‐grown soft body inside the peridermal tube displays a set of mixed features of both polyp and medusa.
The Ductile Deformation Characteristics of Caledonian Intracontinental Orogeny in the Northeastern Jiangshan‐Shaoxing Tectonic Zone: Insights from Magnetic Fabric Study and Its Geodynamic Implication
Authors: Genhui GONG , Hanlin CHEN , Fang WANG , Xiubin LIN , Lifeng MENG 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Jiangshan‐Shaoxing tectonic zone was the northeastern boundary between the Yangtze Block and the Cathaysia Block during the Neoproterozoic and was an intracontinental erogenic belt during late of the early Paleozoic. In this tectonic zone, there develops a lot of mylonite underwent strong ductile deformation and schist, gneiss, and amphibolite with medium and high grade metamorphism which was formed during the late of early Paleozoic. The research of geometry and kinematic of ductile deformation in Jiangshan‐Shaoxing tectonic zone is very important to reveal the tectonic process of intracontinental orogeny. This paper uses the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) to determine the ductile deformation geometry and kinematic of Jiangshan‐Shaoxing tectonic zone combing with the field survey. In this study, 190 specimens of 19 locations and 221 specimens of 23 locations from Wangjiazhai section and Lipu‐Sizhai section were analyzed. The magnetic foliation over magnetic lineation in both Wangjiazhai and Lipu‐Sizhai sections together with the field observations indicated a compressional deformation pattern. 3 and 4 strong ductile deformation zones can be established in the Wangjiazhai section and the Lipu‐Sizhai section, respectively. According to the magnetic fabric and petro‐fabric studies, the Northeastern Jiangshan‐Shaoxing tectonic zone suffered two kinds of deformation patterns during the late early Paleozoic, i.e., the thrusting deformation followed by sinistral shear deformation.
Geochronological Framework and Geodynamic Implications of Mafic Magmatism in the Liaodong Peninsula and Adjacent Regions, North China Craton
Authors: Zhuang LI , Bin CHEN , Jialin WANG 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMafic rocks are widespread on the Liaodong Peninsula and adjacent regions of the North China Craton. The majority of this magmatism was originally thought to have occurred during the Pre‐Sinian, although the precise geochronological framework of this magmatism was unclear. Here, we present the results of more than 60 U‐Pb analyses of samples performed over the past decade, with the aim of determining the spatial and temporal distribution of mafic magmatism in this area. These data indicate that Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic mafic rocks are not as widely distributed as previously thought The combined geochronological data enabled the subdivision of the mafic magmatism into six episodes that occurred during the middle Paleoproterozoic, the late Paleoproterozoic, the Mesoproterozoic, the Late Triassic, the Middle Jurassic, and the Early Cretaceous. The middle Paleoproterozoic (2.1–2.2 Ga) mafic rocks formed in a subduction‐related setting and were subsequently metamorphosed during a ca. 1.9 Ga arc–continent collision event The late Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.87–1.82 Ga) bimodal igneous rocks mark the end of a Paleoproterozoic tectonothermal event, whereas Mesoproterozoic mafic dike swarms record global‐scale Mesoproterozoic rifting associated with the final breakup of the Columbia supercontinent The Late Triassic mafic magmatism is part of a Late Triassic magmatic belt that was generated by post‐collisional extension. The Middle Jurassic mafic dikes formed in a compressive tectonic setting, and the Early Cretaceous bimodal igneous rocks formed in an extensional setting similar to a back‐arc basin. These latter two periods of magmatism were possibly related to subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific plate.
The Trace Elements are Bounded by Organic Functional Groups in Coal: A Studying Result Based on FTIR Analysis
Authors: Jianye YANG , Guangheng WANG , Weiguo ZHANG 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe relationship between trace elements in coal and organic functional groups of coal, also some of aromatic structure, was investigated by using curve fitting of infrared spectra. Cluster analysis was also performed according to the degree of affinity of organic groups to the trace elements. The results show that there is a possibility that trace elements, especially LREE, were bound to peripheral organic functional groups of middle rank coal macromolecule. The most possible functional group that binds trace element is the hydroxyl, and to the less degree, the asymmetric ‐CH3 and >CH2 stretching, ‐CH3 stretching, etc. The degree of affinity of trace elements to different functional groups varies. The tendency obeys the natural structural changing law of trace elements—the periodic law. The deviation of some trace elements from this regular trend is attributed to the deviation of intrinsic “confusion degree” (conventional molar entropy) of the matter system of coal basin, which is affected by the inner and outer factors during the evolution.
Geochemistry of the Paleocene Clastic Rocks in Lishui Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin: Implications for Tectonic Background and Provenance
Authors: Deyong LI , Xiaodian JIANG , Fa XU , Jinshui LIU , Guowei HOU 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Lishui Sag, in the East China Sea Shelf Basin, is rich in hydrocarbons, with the major hydrocarbon‐bearing layers being the Paleocene Mingyuefeng clastic rocks. Analysis of the implicit geologic background information of these Paleocene clastic rocks using petrological and geochemical methods has significant practical importance. These Paleocene sandstones are mainly lithic arenite, lithic arkose and greywacke, composed of K‐feldspar, plagioclase, authigenic clays, silica and carbonates. As continental deposits, Yueguifeng clastic rocks have high aluminosilicate and mafic detritus contents, while the Lingfeng and Mingyuefeng Formations are rich in silica due to an oscillating coastal marine depositional environment The major element contents of these Paleocene sandstones are low and have a concentrated distribution, indicating that the geochemical composition is non‐epigenetic, transformed by sedimentary processes and diagenesis. The Yueguifeng detritus comprises recycled sediments, controlled by moderate weathering and erosion, while the Lingfeng and Mingyuefeng detritus is interpreted as primarily first‐cycle materials due to low chemical weathering. In the Late Cretaceous to Early Paleocene, the Pacific Plate began subducting under the Eurasian Plate, causing an orogeny by plate collision and magma eruption due to the melting of subducted oceanic crust This resulted in the dual tectonic settings of “active margin” and “continental island arc” in the East China Sea Shelf Basin. During the Late Paleocene, the Pacific Plate margin migrated eastward along with development of the Philippine Ocean Plate, and the tectonic setting of the Lishui Sag gradually turned into a passive continental margin. Detrital sources included both orogenic continental blocks and continental island arcs, and the parent rocks are primarily felsic volcanic rocks and granites.