bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI in Renal Tumors: Common Subtype Differentiation using Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Wang Hai-yi , Su Zi-hua , Xu Xiao , Huang Ning , Sun Zhi-peng , Wang Ying-wei , Li Lu , Guo Ai-tao , Chen Xin , Ma Xin , Ma Lin , Ye Hui-yi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPreoperative renal tumor subtype differentiation is important for radiology and urology in clinical practice. Pharmacokinetic data (Ktrans & Ve, etc.) derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) have been used to investigate tumor vessel permeability. In this prospective study on DCE-MRI pharmacokinetic studies, we enrolled patients with five common renal tumor subtypes: clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC; n = 65), papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC; n = 12), chromophobic renal cell carcinoma (cRCC; n = 9), uroepithelial carcinoma (UEC; n = 14), and fat-poor angiomyolipoma (fpAML; n = 10). The results show that Ktrans of ccRCC, pRCC, cRCC, UEC and fpAML (0.459 ± 0.190 min−1, 0.206 ± 0.127 min−1, 0.311 ± 0.111 min−1, 0.235 ± 0.116 min−1, 0.511 ± 0.159 min−1, respectively) were different, but Ve was not. Ktrans could distinguish ccRCC from non-ccRCC (pRCC & cRCC) with a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 71.4%, respectively, as well as to differentiate fpAML from non-ccRCC with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 76.2%, respectively. Our findings suggest that DCE-MRI pharmacokinetics are promising for differential diagnosis of renal tumors, especially for RCC subtype characterization and differentiation between fpAML and non-ccRCC, which may facilitate the treatment of renal tumors.
Enhancing Optical Forces in InP-Based Waveguides
Authors: Aryaee Panah Mohammad Esmail , Semenova Elizaveta S. , Lavrinenko Andrei V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCantilever sensors are among the most important microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which are usually actuated by electrostatic forces or piezoelectric elements. Although well-developed microfabrication technology has made silicon the prevailing material for MEMS, unique properties of other materials are overlooked in this context. Here we investigate optically induced forces exerted upon a semi-insulating InP waveguide suspended above a highly doped InP:Si substrate, in three different regimes: the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ), with excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and phonons excitation. An order of magnitude amplification of the force is observed when light is coupled to SPPs, and three orders of magnitude amplification is achieved in the phonon excitation regime. In the ENZ regime, the force is found to be repulsive and higher than that in a waveguide suspended above a dielectric substrate. Low losses in InP:Si result in a big propagation length. The induced deflection can be detected by measuring the phase change of the light when passing through the waveguide, which enables all-optical functioning, and paves the way towards integration and miniaturization of micro-cantilevers. In addition, tunability of the ENZ and the SPP excitation wavelength ranges, via adjusting the carrier concentration, provides an extra degree of freedom for designing MEMS devices.
Stable synthesis of few-layered boron nitride nanotubes by anodic arc discharge
Authors: Yeh Yao-Wen , Raitses Yevgeny , Koel Bruce E. , Yao Nan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBoron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) were successfully synthesized by a dc arc discharge using a boron-rich anode as synthesis feedstock in a nitrogen gas environment at near atmospheric pressure. The synthesis was achieved independent of the cathode material suggesting that under such conditions the arc operates in so-called anodic mode with the anode material being consumed by evaporation due to the arc heating. To sustain the arc current by thermionic electron emission, the cathode has to be at sufficiently high temperature, which for a typical arc current density of ~100 A/cm2, is above the boron melting point (2350 K). With both electrodes made from the same boron-rich alloy, we found that the arc operation unstable due to frequent sticking between two molten electrodes and formation of molten droplets. Stable and reliable arc operation and arc synthesis were achieved with the boron-rich anode and the cathode made from a refractory metal which has a melting temperature above the melting point of boron. Ex-situ characterization of synthesized BNNTs with electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy revealed that independent of the cathode material, the tubes are primarily single and double walled. The results also show evidence of root-growth of BNNTs produced in the arc discharge.
Zebrafish as an animal model in epilepsy studies with multichannel EEG recordings
Authors: Cho Sung-Joon , Byun Donghak , Nam Tai-Seung , Choi Seok-Yong , Lee Byung-Geun , Kim Myeong-Kyu , Kim Sohee 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite recent interest in using zebrafish in human disease studies, sparked by their economics, fecundity, easy handling, and homologies to humans, the electrophysiological tools or methods for zebrafish are still inaccessible. Although zebrafish exhibit more significant larval–adult duality than any other animal, most electrophysiological studies using zebrafish are biased by using larvae these days. The results of larval studies not only differ from those conducted with adults but also are unable to delicately manage electroencephalographic montages due to their small size. Hence, we enabled non-invasive long-term multichannel electroencephalographic recording on adult zebrafish using custom-designed electrodes and perfusion system. First, we exploited demonstration of long-term recording on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure models, and the results were quantified. Second, we studied skin–electrode impedance, which is crucial to the quality of signals. Then, seizure propagations and gender differences in adult zebrafish were exhibited for the first time. Our results provide a new pathway for future neuroscience research using zebrafish by overcoming the challenges for aquatic organisms such as precision, serviceability, and continuous water seepage.
Exploring the potential of microwave diagnostics in SEP forecasting: The occurrence of SEP events
Authors: Zucca Pietro , Núñez Marlon , Klein Karl-Ludwig 
Published: June 2017

Solar energetic particles (SEPs), especially protons and heavy ions, may be a space-weather hazard when they impact spacecraft and the terrestrial atmosphere. Forecasting schemes have been developed, which use earlier signatures of particle acceleration to predict the arrival of solar protons and ions in the space environment of the Earth. The UMASEP (University of MAlaga Solar particle Event Predictor) scheme forecasts the occurrence and the importance of an SEP event based on combined observations of soft X-rays, their time derivative and protons above 10 MeV at geosynchronous orbit. We explore the possibility to replace the derivative of the soft X-ray time history with the microwave time history in the UMASEP scheme. To this end we construct a continuous time series of observations for a 13-month period from December 2011 to December 2012 at two microwave frequencies, 4.995 and 8.8 GHz, using data from the four Radio Solar Telescope Network (RSTN) patrol stations of the US Air Force, and feed this time series to the UMASEP prediction scheme. During the selected period the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) detected nine SEP events related to activity in the western solar hemisphere. We show that the SEP forecasting using microwaves has the same probability of detection as the method using soft X-rays, but no false alarm in the considered period, and a slightly increased warning time. A detailed analysis of the missed events is presented. We conclude that microwave patrol observations improve SEP forecasting schemes that employ soft X-rays. High-quality microwave data available in real time appear as a significant addition to our ability to predict SEP occurrence.
Detections of Screw Penetration during Volar Plating for Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Cha Soo , Shin Hyun 
Published: June 2017

Background We evaluated the detection for screw penetration on the dorsal cortex of the radius in serial oblique, dorsal tangential, and radial groove radiographic views in volar plating fixation.
Materials and Methods Eight screw positions were set in each of the four cadaveric radii. Screw 1 was placed in the styloid subregion, whereas screws 2 and 3 were placed just proximal to the styloid and were defined for the radial region of the radius. Screws 4 (distal to the extensor pollicis longus [EPL] groove), 5 (the distal half of the groove), and 6 (the proximal half of the groove) were placed in the central region of the radius. Screws 7 (just medial to the groove) and 8 (sigmoid notch subregion) were positioned in the ulnar region of the radius. The screws were overlengthened by 1 and 2 mm and were evaluated in three radiographic views.
Results Penetrations in the radial region were fully visible in supinated oblique views with 1- and 2-mm overlengthened screws. The penetration of screw 4 was clearly observable over a considerable range of views. However, the 1-mm penetration of screw 5 was not detectable at any angle of projection. Detection of the ulnar region screw was the most difficult among the three regions with oblique views. In the dorsal tangential view, the 1-mm penetration of screw 4 was not observed in any of the four radii, but the penetration of screw 5 was detectable in all the radii. The screws 2, 3, 5, 7, and 8 were readily detectable. The screw 4 was barely seen in the radial groove view, while the screws 5 and 6 were readily detectable.
Conclusion/Clinical Relevance Appropriate combinations of these well-known radiological views are essential for the overall detection of penetrated screws during plating in distal radius fractures.
Endurance Exercise in Hypoxia, Hyperoxia and Normoxia: Mitochondrial and Global Adaptations
Authors: Przyklenk Axel , Gutmann Boris , Schiffer Thorsten , Hollmann Wildor , Strueder Heiko , Bloch Wilhelm , Mierau Andreas , Gehlert Sebastian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe hypothesized short-term endurance exercise (EN) in hypoxia (HY) to exert decreased mitochondrial adaptation, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and peak power output (PPO) compared to EN in normoxia (NOR) and hyperoxia (PER). 11 male subjects performed repeated unipedal cycling EN in HY, PER, and NOR over 4 weeks in a cross-over design. VO2peak, PPO, rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate (Bla) were determined pre- and post-intervention to assess physiological demands and adaptation. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected to determine molecular mitochondrial signaling and adaptation. Despite reduced exercise intensity (P<0.05), increased Bla and RPE levels in HY revealed higher metabolic load compared to PER (P<0.05) and NOR (n.s.). PPO increased in all groups (P<0.05) while VO2peak and mitochondrial signaling were unchanged (P>0.05). Electron transport chain complexes tended to increase in all groups with the highest increase in HY (n.s.). EN-induced mitochondrial adaptability and exercise capacity neither decreased significantly in HY nor increased in PER compared to NOR. Despite decreased exercise intensity, short term EN under HY may not necessarily impair mitochondrial adaptation and exercise capacity while PER does not augment adaptation. HY might strengthen adaptive responses under circumstances when absolute training intensity has to be reduced.
Variability in professional practice among departments explains the type of end-of-life care but not the difficulty of professionals with decision-making / La variabilidad de la práctica profesional entre los departamentos explica el tipo de cuidados sanitarios al final de la vida, pero no las dificultades que afrontan los profesionales respecto de la toma de decisiones
Authors: Guardia-Mancilla Plácido , Montoya-Juárez Rafael , Expósito-Ruiz Manuela , Hueso-Montoro César , García-Caro M. Paz , Cruz-Quintana Francisco 
Published: June 2017

An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicentre study was conducted to determine the perspectives and experience of physicians and nurses in regard to clinical, psychosocial and ethical actions at the end of life and to determine any variability among departments. A questionnaire was completed by 312 medical and nursing professionals in general and regional hospitals and primary care centres in Granada (Spain). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni test were applied to compare responses among departments/centres. p ≤ .05 was considered significant. Questionnaire results significantly differed as a function of the department in which participants worked. Lowest consideration was given to psychological actions, advance directives and ethical dilemmas. Professionals in oncology, palliative care and primary care showed higher and less-variable scores in comparison to those in surgery, internal medicine or intensive care departments. Additional efforts are needed to improve the hospital care of these patients.
Atopic dermatitis phenotypes and the need for personalized medicine
Authors: Cabanillas Beatriz , Brehler Ann-Christin , Novak Natalija 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
To describe recent developments in therapies which target the molecular mechanisms in atopic dermatitis.

Recent findings
Current advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of atopic dermatitis are leading to the stratification of different atopic dermatitis phenotypes. New therapies offer the option to target-specific molecules involved in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis. Current new therapies under investigation aim to modulate specific inflammatory pathways associated with distinctive atopic dermatitis phenotypes, which would potentially translate into the development of personalized, targeted-specific treatments of atopic dermatitis.

Summary
Despite the unmet need for well tolerated, effective, and personalized treatment of atopic dermatitis, the current standard treatments of atopic dermatitis do not focus on the individual pathogenesis of the disease. The development of targeted, phenotype-specific therapies has the potential to open a new promising era of individualized treatment of atopic dermatitis.
Perioperative Factors Associated With Chronic Central Pain After the Resection of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumor
Authors: Onishi-Kato Yuki , Nakamura Masaya , Iwanami Akio , Kato Masayoshi , Suzuki Takeshi , Kosugi Shizuko , Katori Nobuyuki , Hashiguchi Saori , Tsuzaki Koichi , Takeda Junzo , Morisaki Hiroshi 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
Some patients experience severe chronic pain after intramedullary spinal cord tumor (IMSCT) resection, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate perioperative factors associated with chronic pain after IMSCT resection.

Materials and Methods:
We analyzed data from a postal survey and the medical records of patients who had undergone IMSCT resection in our institution between 2000 and 2008. Chronic pain was assessed using the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory score, and its associations with factors related to tumor pathology, patient demographics, neurological findings, surgery, anesthesia, and perioperative management were determined.

Results:
Seventy-eight consecutive patients (55 men and 23 women; age 17 to 79 y) were included in the statistical analysis of the present study. In univariate analyses, sex, body mass index, preoperative tumor-related pain, preoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intraoperative hypotension, postoperative corticosteroids, and decrease in Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores were found to be associated with postsurgical chronic central pain. Logistic regression analysis identified 3 significant factors: a decline in JOA scores compared with preoperative values (odds ratio [OR], 3.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-9.42; P=0.023), intraoperative hypotension (OR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.02-8.97; P=0.047), and postoperative corticosteroids (OR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.02-10.09; P=0.046).

Discussion:
Decline in JOA score, intraoperative hypotension, and postoperative corticosteroids are independently associated with postsurgical chronic central pain. Intraoperative hypotension and the use of postoperative corticosteroids can be avoided or modified during perioperative management. As results from animal studies have indicated that the administration of corticosteroids may intensify chronic pain, further studies in larger cohorts are required to definitively determine the effect of corticosteroids on postsurgical central pain.
Osteoporosis in childhood
Authors: Vierucci Francesco , Saggese Giuseppe , Cimaz Rolando 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to highlight recent findings in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric osteoporosis.

Recent findings
Several genes are involved in bone mass acquisition, and various monogenic bone disorders characterized by reduced bone mineral density and increased bone fragility have been recently described. Moreover, many chronic diseases and/or their treatment have been associated with impaired bone mass acquisition. Pediatric osteoporosis should be adequately suspected and properly diagnosed in children at risk of fractures. Particularly, detection of vertebral fracture allows the diagnosis regardless of densitometric evaluation. Dual X-ray absorptiometry remains the most widely used densitometric technique in childhood, but interpretation of results should be made with caution because of different confounding factors. Bisphosphonates represent one of the main medical treatments of pediatric osteoporosis, and many different protocols have been proposed. Bisphosphonates administration should be characterized by a first phase, followed by a period of maintenance. Optimal route of administration, duration of therapy, and long-term safety of bisphosphonates treatment require further investigation.

Summary
Careful monitoring of children at risk of fractures is essential to pose early diagnosis of osteoporosis. In children with persistent risk factors and reduced probability of spontaneous recovery, medical treatment with bisphosphonates should be considered.
Daily Experiences and Challenges Among Children and Adolescents With Celiac Disease
Authors: Meyer Sonya , Rosenblum Sara 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:Maintaining a restrictive gluten‐free diet is the only treatment for celiac disease (CD). Adherence among children and adolescents presents unique challenges and is often inadequate. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and Youth version (ICF‐CY) model encompasses all aspects of human health and daily function while dealing with a disease and interacting with the environment. The purpose was to explore everyday life experiences and challenges as perceived by children and adolescents with CD and their parents in light of the ICF‐CY concepts to identify the most crucial components in management challenges. The present study was the first stage in developing a standardized questionnaire to assess these needs.Methods:Children and adolescents diagnosed with CD for more than 6 months and their parents participated in 4 separate focus group interviews: 12 children (8–12 years) and 13 of their parents, and 10 adolescents (13–16 years) and 10 of their parents.Results:The ICF‐CY body functions component that includes higher‐level cognitive functions, such as organization, planning, and problem solving was largely reflected. Food‐related activities in and out of the home were discussed, yet thorough activity analysis was lacking in the available literature.Conclusions:The focus groups revealed a wide scope of coping issues that contribute to a deeper understanding of specific CD characteristics including daily management, participation in food‐related activities, roles, strategies, and supporting or hindering factors in everyday life with CD.
Free Diced Cartilage: A New Application of Diced Cartilage Grafts in Primary and Secondary Rhinoplasty
Authors: Kreutzer Christian , Hoehne Julius , Gubisch Wolfgang , Rezaeian Farid , Haack Sebastian 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Irregularities or deformities of the nasal dorsum after hump reduction account for a significant number of revision rhinoplasties. The authors therefore developed a technique of meticulously dicing and exactly placing free diced cartilage grafts, harvested from septum, rib, or ear cartilage. The cartilage paste is used for smoothening, augmentation, or camouflaging of the nasal dorsum in primary or revision rhinoplasties.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of multisurgeon consecutive open approach rhinoplasties from January to December of 2014 was conducted at a single center. The authors compared the outcome of three different techniques to augment or cover the nasal dorsum after an observation period of 7 months. In group I, 325 patients with free diced cartilage grafts as the only onlay were included. In group II, consisting of 73 patients, the dorsal onlay was either fascia alone or in combination with free diced cartilage grafts. Forty-eight patients in group III received a dorsal augmentation with the classic diced cartilage in fascia technique.

Results:
Four hundred forty-six patients undergoing primary and secondary rhinoplasties in which one of the above-mentioned diced cartilage techniques was used were included in the study. The authors found revision rates for dorsal irregularities within the 7-month postoperative observation period of 5.2, 8.2, and 25 percent for groups I, II, and III, respectively.

Conclusion:
The authors’ findings strongly support their clinical experience that the free diced cartilage graft technique presents an effective and easily reproducible method for camouflage and augmentation in aesthetic and reconstructive rhinoplasty.