bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone mineral density profile among post‐menopausal women in Manipur: a hospital‐based study
Authors: Nongmaithem Romi Singh , Pertin Minggam , Chiru Chongreilen , Jotin Yengkhom 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimTo study the bone mineral density (BMD) profile in post‐menopausal women and to examine the role of various socio‐demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological factors in predicting fracture risk in these patients.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited consenting postmenopausal women presenting with some form of pain complaints, such as joint pain, body ache, low back pain and so on. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio‐demographic details. Height and weight were measured and BMI (body mass index) was calculated. Dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry was performed in three sites: lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN) and trochanteric region (TR) to assess BMD. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were collected.ResultsThere were 107 patients. Mean age was 59.70 ± 9.02 years and mean age at menopause was 46.37 ± 4.48 years. Fracture history was present in 25/107 (23.36%). Mean BMI observed was 25.34 ± 3.73. Women with fracture history had statistically significant differences in six factors, namely age, years since menopause, BMI and T‐score measurements at LS, FN and TR (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis for these six variables revealed that no factor was independently associated with fracture risk, but those patients who had abnormal T‐scores in all three regions had significant history of fracture (P = 0.04).ConclusionsAge, age since menopause, BMI, and BMD T‐score measurements at LS, FN and TR individually predict fracture risk, but none remain significant when all factors are considered together. Patients with abnormal BMD T‐scores in all three sites more often gave histories of fractures. Further studies are warranted.
The effect of varicocoelectomy on the relationship of oxidative stress in peripheral and internal spermatic vein with semen parameters
Authors: Altintas R. , Ediz C. , Celik H. , Camtosun A. , Tasdemir C. , Tanbek K. , Tekin S. , Colak C. , Alan C. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe aim of this prospective controlled study was to investigate the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), oxidative stress index (OSI) and total oxidant capacity (TOC), and antioxidants with total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in peripheral and internal spermatic veins blood, the relationship of these factors with sperm parameters in the infertile varicocoele patients, and the amelioration effect of varicocoelectomy on these outcomes. Thirty‐one primary infertile varicocoele patients and 31 fertile control patients evaluated for determining the levels of ADMA, TOC, OSI, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), TAC, and semen analysis. The patients' preoperative SOD, GSH and TAC levels, which were significantly lower than the controls, significantly increased postoperatively. Although SOD and GSH were significantly higher in spermatic vein compared to median cubital vein, TAC was significantly higher in median cubital vein. ADMA, TOC and OSI were significantly higher in the patient group. TOC and OSI were significantly higher in spermatic vein compared to median cubital vein. Postoperative TOC, OSI and ADMA reduced to the control levels. Total antioxidant capacity in the peripheral circulation and oxidative stress index in the internal spermatic vein could give an idea about the possible improvement in sperm count acquired by varicocoelectomy.
The antipsychotic story: changes in prescriptions and overdose without better safety
Authors: Berling Ingrid , Buckley Nicholas A. , Isbister Geoffrey K. 
Published: March 2016

AimsMorbidity and mortality from drug overdose has decreased over three decades. This is credited to safer drugs and therefore better outcomes in overdose. We aimed to investigate changing prescriptions of antipsychotic medications and associated changes in antipsychotic overdoses over a 26‐year period.MethodsAll antipsychotic poisoning presentations to a tertiary referral toxicology unit between 1987 and 2012 were reviewed. Data were collected prospectively on demographics, ingestion information, clinical effects, complications and treatment. Rates of antipsychotic drug use in Australia were obtained from Australian government publications for 1990–2011 and linked to overdose admissions by postcode.ResultsThere were 3180 antipsychotic overdoses: 1235 first generation antipsychotics, 1695 ‘atypical’ second generation antipsychotics and 250 lithium overdoses. Over 26 years, antipsychotic overdoses increased 1.8‐fold, with first generation antipsychotics decreasing to one‐fifth of their peak (≈80/year to 16) and second generation antipsychotics increasing to double this (≈160/year), olanzapine and quetiapine accounting for 78%. All antipsychotic overdoses had a median length of stay of 18.6 h, 15.7% admitted to intensive care unit, 10.4% ventilated and 0.13% died in hospital, which was the same for first generation compared to second generation antipsychotics. There was a 2.3‐fold increase in antipsychotic prescriptions over the same period; first generation antipsychotics declined whereas there was a dramatic rise in second generation antipsychotics, mainly olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone (79%).ConclusionOver 26 years there was an increase in antipsychotic prescribing associated with an increase in antipsychotic overdoses. Although the type of antipsychotics changed, the morbidity and mortality remained the same, so that antipsychotics are an increasing proportion of overdose admissions.
Residual symptoms and specific functional impairments in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Samalin Ludovic , de Chazeron Ingrid , Vieta Eduard , Bellivier Frank , Llorca Pierre‐Michel 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesThe aims of the present study were to confirm the impact of residual symptoms on overall functioning in a large sample of euthymic patients with bipolar disorder in real‐life conditions and to explore the relationship between residual symptoms and specific areas of functional impairment.MethodsThis was a multicenter, cross‐sectional, non‐interventional study of euthymic outpatients with bipolar disorder. The Functioning Assessment Short Test was used to assess overall and specific domains of functioning (autonomy, occupational functioning, cognitive functioning, financial issues, interpersonal relationships, and leisure time). Various residual symptoms were assessed (residual mood symptoms, emotional dysregulation, sleep and sexual disorders, stigma, and perceived cognitive impairment). Logistic regression was used to determine the best model of association between functional domains and residual symptoms.ResultsAlmost half of the 468 patients included (42%) had poor overall functioning. Residual depressive symptoms appeared to have an impact on overall functioning and in nearly all areas of functioning. In addition, specific residual symptoms had significantly more negative effects on some domains of functioning in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (residual manic symptoms and occupational stigma on autonomy, emotional inhibition on occupational functioning, residual manic symptoms on financial issues, family stigma on interpersonal relationships, and sexual function and occupational stigma on leisure time).ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of evaluating overall functioning in clinical practice as well as functional domains. They also indicate that some residuals symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder should be targeted in personalized treatment plans, in order to improve functioning in the domains in which the patient is most impaired.
Clinical results of ab interno trabeculotomy using the Trabectome in patients with pigmentary glaucoma compared to primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Akil Handan , Chopra Vikas , Huang Alex , Loewen Nils , Noguchi Jonathan , Francis Brian A 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate outcomes of Trabectome on pigmentary glaucoma (PG) patients compared to matched controls with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).DesignProspective comparison studyParticipantsA total of 101 POAG cases were matched with 101 PG cases.MethodsData of the patients diagnosed with PG or POAG was obtained from Trabectome Study Group Database. A one‐to‐one exact matching was performed between POAG and pigmentary cases based on type of surgery, baseline IOP and baseline number of glaucoma medications. IOP and number of glaucoma medications were compared between groups by Wilcoxon test. Success was defined as IOP ≤ 21 mmHg, at least 20% IOP reduction from baseline for two consecutive visits after 3 months and no secondary surgery.Main Outcome MeasuresSuccess rate after Trabectome surgery in PG patients.ResultsBaseline IOP for PG is 24.4 ± 7.7 mmHg and 24.2 ± 7.5 mmHg for POAG (P = 1.0), while baseline number of glaucoma medications was 2.8 ± 1.2 mmHg for PG and 2.8 ± 1.2 mmHg for POAG (P = 1.0). Postoperative IOP values at 12 months were 17.1 ± 5.0 for PG cases and 15.9 ± 4.2 mmHg for POAG cases. Postoperative number of glaucoma medications at 12 month was 2.1 ± 1.4 in PG cases and 2.4 ± 1.3 in POAG cases. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in IOP or number of medications at any time point. Survival rate at 12 months was 92% and 86% in PG and POAG, respectively (P = 0.47). Six PG cases and nine POAG cases required secondary surgery.ConclusionTrabectome provides similar outcomes to PG patients and POAG patients.
Endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment: a prospective multicentre trial
Authors: Meinero P. , Stazi A. , Carbone A. , Fasolini F. , Regusci L. , La Torre M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundPilonidal disease (PD) is a common inflammatory disease of the gluteal fold, resulting in recurrent acute/chronic infection at the level of the natal cleft. In this study, endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment (EPSiT), a new endoscopic minimally invasive procedure, was evaluated for its effectiveness in treating PD.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty prospective patients with chronic PD were enrolled in a prospective multicentre study conducted at a secondary and tertiary colorectal surgery centre. The primary end‐point of this study was wound healing, and the short‐/long‐term outcomes such as healing time, morbidity rate and recurrence rate were analysed. The secondary end‐point of this study was quality of life (QoL).ResultsThe complete wound healing rate was 94.8%, and the mean complete wound healing time was 26.7 ± 10.4 days. The incomplete healing rate (5.2%) was significantly related to the number of external openings (P = 0.01). There was no difference in the failure rate when EPSiT was performed as the first‐line treatment for PD or when it was used after unsuccessful procedures (P = n.s.). Recurrence occurred in 12 cases (5%). The QoL significantly increased from preoperative levels 15 days after the EPSiT procedure (45.3 vs 7.9; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe EPSiT procedure is a safe and effective technique for treating PD. It provides better short‐ and long‐term outcomes than various other techniques that are more invasive. EPSiT is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure, which is associated with a quick recovery and a good QoL outcome.
First report of Teratosphaeria gauchensis causing stem canker of Eucalyptus in Kenya
Authors: Machua J. , Jimu L. , Njuguna J. , Wingfield M. J. , Mwenje E. , Roux J. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryTeratosphaeria stem canker is an important disease of Eucalyptus species in many parts of the world where these trees are intensively propagated in plantations. Symptoms similar to those of Teratosphaeria stem canker were observed on Eucalyptus grandis and a E. grandis × E. camaldulensis hybrid clone in the Central Highlands of Kenya. Symptomatic bark samples were collected from two sites and the associated fungus isolated and identified using DNA sequence analyses of multiple gene regions. The pathogen was identified as Teratosphaeria gauchensis. This represents the first report of the disease and the pathogen in Kenya.
Implementation and evaluation of a quality improvement project: carepaths for Early Psychosis Intervention Programmes in Northeastern Ontario
Authors: Bedard Terry E. , Nadin Shevaun , Zufelt Cheryl , Cheng Chiachen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimThis study aims to describe the implementation and evaluation of a quality improvement project, which aimed to standardize services and documentation across several district Early Psychosis Intervention Programmes in a rural region of Canada (Northeastern Ontario).MethodA Carepath for early psychosis intervention (EPI), which outlined best practice EPI care pathways, was implemented across 12 EPI programme sites. It was hypothesized that the proportion of best practice interventions provided across the district programmes would increase after the implementation of the Carepath initiative and that documentation would be standardized. Pre‐Carepath and post‐Carepath chart audits evaluated the provision and documentation of EPI best practices that were specified in the Carepath.ResultsPre‐audits and post‐audits were completed on 110 and 108 client files, respectively. Chi‐squared tests revealed that the post‐audit frequencies were significantly higher than the pre‐audit frequencies for two of the 12 EPI best practices that were evaluated (i.e. assessed impact on family and assessment of substance use). Standardization of documentation did not improve significantly.ConclusionsThe results are discussed in the context of barriers to implementing and evaluating the Carepaths. Various individual and agency level barriers are identified (e.g. staff resistance, resources and agency documentation parameters), and strategies to overcome them are discussed. It is concluded that, despite barriers to implementation and evaluation, Carepaths can be a useful tool for standardizing services and documentation across a network of EPI programmes and guiding programme evaluation and quality assurance.
Evaluation of a mobile team dedicated to behavioural disorders as recommended by the Alzheimer Cooperative Valuation in Europe joint action: observational cohort study
Authors: Krolak‐Salmon P. , Roubaud C. , Finne‐Soveri H. , Riolacci‐Dhoyen N. , Richard G. , Rouch I. , Leperre‐Desplanques A. , Dauphinot V. 
Published: March 2016

Background and purposePreventing behavioural crises appears to be crucial to promote quality of life of the patient−caregiver dyad, to reduce inappropriate hospitalizations and to delay institutionalization. The Alzheimer Cooperative Valuation in Europe promotes mobile care to prevent patients from severe behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia. This study assessed the potential efficacy of a mobile team for Alzheimer's disease on hospitalization sparing and behavioural disorder reduction.MethodsA cohort study was set up from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2013 by the Clinical and Research Memory Centre of Lyon (France). It included patients with behavioural and psychological symptoms living at home or in a nursing home. An interview explored the alternative patient pathways used by general practitioners (GPs) if the mobile team had not existed (hospitalization sparing). The Neuropsychiatry Inventory score was assessed at inclusion and 30 days later. The sample included 424 consecutive patients with Alzheimer's disease or related disorders and behavioural disorders at any cognitive and functional stage of the disease, taken in charge by the mobile team.ResultsAmongst the 424 patients (84.0 ± 7.2 years), 220 (51.9%) hospitalizations were considered by their GPs and 181 (82.3%) were avoided. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory score declined after mobile team intervention (45.8–29.9, P < 0.001). Sleep and appetite disorders, endangered situation and caregiver burnout were associated with higher risk of hospitalization at 30 days.ConclusionsThe mobile team for Alzheimer's disease allows a high proportion of hospitalizations related to behavioural disorders to be avoided and may help to reduce behavioural disorders.
Abnormal cognitive network interactions in Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome: A potential mechanism of epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Warren Aaron E. L. , Abbott David F. , Vaughan David N. , Jackson Graeme D. , Archer John S. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryObjectiveIn patients with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS), recurrent epileptic activity is thought to contribute to impaired cognition (epileptic encephalopathy). Using concurrent electroencephalography‐functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG‐fMRI), we recently showed that epileptiform discharges inLGSrecruit large‐scale networks that normally support key cognitive processes. InLGS, given that epileptic activity engages cognitive networks, and cognition is pervasively impaired, we hypothesized that cognitive network interactions inLGSare persistently abnormal.MethodsWe studied 15LGSpatients (mean age ± 1 standard deviation [SD] = 28.7 ± 10.6 years) and 17 healthy controls (mean age ± 1 SD = 27.6 ± 6.6 years) using task‐freeEEG‐fMRI. Four networks of interest (default‐mode, dorsal attention, executive control, and anterior salience) were defined using group‐level independent components analysis (ICA). Functional connectivity within and between networks was determined for each subject, and thenLGSnetwork interactions were compared to network behavior in the control group. To test whether group differences were present in periods without scalp‐detectable epileptiform discharges (i.e., persistent), we separately assessed discharge‐affected and discharge‐unaffected epochs in six patients with sufficient data for this analysis.ResultsInLGS, cognitive networks showed (1) reduced within‐network integration, including weaker connectivity within the default‐mode network, and (2) impaired between‐network segregation, including stronger connectivity between the default‐mode and dorsal attention networks. Abnormal interactions were present duringfMRIperiods with and without discharges, indicating that impaired network behavior may endure during periods without scalp‐detectable epileptic activity.SignificanceInLGS, cognitive network interactions are persistently abnormal. Given that cognition typically worsens with the onset ofLGS, and may improve after seizure control, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the epileptic process inLGSmay initiate and perhaps sustain abnormal network behavior. We propose that epileptic encephalopathy may be a consequence of persistently disrupted cognitive network interactions.
Targeting of microRNA‐199a‐5p protects against pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus and seizure damage via SIRT1‐p53 cascade
Authors: Wang Dong , Li Zhenlu , Zhang Yukun , Wang Guangzhi , Wei Minghai , Hu Yan , Ma Shuo , Jiang Yue , Che Ningwei , Wang Xiaofeng , Yao Jihong , Yin Jian 
Published: March 2016

SummaryObjectiveMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small RNAs that control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Some dysregulated miRNAs have been shown to play important roles in epileptogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine if miR‐199a‐5p regulates seizures and seizure damage by targeting the antiapoptotic protein silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1).MethodsHippocampal expression levels of miR‐199a‐5p, SIRT1, and acetylated p53 were quantified by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Western blotting in the acute, latent, and chronic stages of epilepsy in a rat lithium‐pilocarpine epilepsy model. Silencing of miR‐199a‐5p expression in vivo was achieved by intracerebroventricular injection of antagomirs. The effects of targeting miR‐199a‐5p and SIRT1 protein on seizure and epileptic damage post‐status epilepticus were assessed by electroencephalography (EEG) and immunohistochemistry, respectively.ResultsmiR‐199a‐5p expression was up‐regulated, SIRT1 levels were decreased, and neuron loss and apoptosis were induced in epilepsy model rats compared with normal controls, as determined by up‐regulation of acetylated p53 and cleaved caspase‐3 expression. In vivo knockdown of miR‐199a‐5p by an antagomir alleviated the seizure‐like EEG findings and protected against neuron damage, in accordance with up‐regulation of SIRT1 and subsequent deacetylation of p53. Furthermore, the seizure‐suppressing effect of the antagomir was partly SIRT1 dependent.SignificanceThe results of this study suggest that silencing of miR‐199a‐5p exerts a seizure‐suppressing effect in rats, and that SIRT1 is a direct target of miR‐199a‐5p in the hippocampus. The effect of miR‐199a‐5p on seizures and seizure damage is mediated via down‐regulation of SIRT1. The miR‐199a‐5p/SIRT1 pathway may thus represent a potential target for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy and epileptic damage.
Allyl‐isatin suppresses cell viability, induces cell cycle arrest, and promotes cell apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells
Authors: Bian Weihua , An Yukuan , Qu Huiqing , Yang Yue , Yang Junhou , Xu Yanyan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe anticancer effect of the newly synthesized isatin derivative, N‐allyl‐isatin (Allyl‐I), was evaluated in vitro with human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK8) assay. Acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) double staining was used to observe the cell morphology. Flow cytometry was used to assess the effects of Allyl‐I on the cell cycle, apoptosis rate, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Western blot analysis was performed to detect the influence of Ally1‐I on the expression of cytochrome c (cyt c), Bax, Bcl‐2, and cleaved caspase‐3. Allyl‐I significantly inhibited HepG2 cell viability in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Allyl‐I can induce cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells at the G2/M phase. Apoptotic nuclear morphological changes were observed after AO/EB double staining. Fluorescein isothiocyanate‐conjugated Annexin V (Annexin V‐FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) double staining showed that the apoptotic rates significantly increased in the presence of Allyl‐I. Rhodamine 123 staining indicated that Allyl‐I can decrease the MMP. Allyl‐I also altered the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis‐related proteins. Protein levels of cyt c and cleaved caspase‐3 were upregulated following Allyl‐I treatment. By contrast, the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio decreased. Results suggest that Allyl‐I suppresses cell viability, induces cell cycle arrest, and promotes cell apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the induction of apoptosis might be correlated with the mitochondrial pathway.