bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prestação dos serviços de água e esgotos em Sete Lagoas-MG: “o SAAE é nosso” ou “que venha a Copasa”?
Authors: Nunes Jr. Tarcisio T. , Heller Léo , Da Silva Priscila Luiza , Rezende Sonaly , Radicchi Antônio Leite  Alves 
Published: January 2017

A decisão municipal acerca do modelo mais adequado de gestão dos serviços de saneamento básico ainda é objeto de controvérsias e disputas. Com a perspectiva de compreender o processo político de tomada de decisão, o artigo apresenta e analisa o debate ocorrido em Sete Lagoas (MG) entre a possibilidade de concessão dos serviços para a Companhia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais (Copasa) ou a manutenção do Serviço Autônomo de Água e Esgoto (SAAE). Informações foram levantadas junto à Prefeitura, Câmara dos Vereadores e jornais locais, somadas às entrevistas realizadas com alguns dos principais atores do debate, de modo a recriar o cenário, com suas motivações e interesses acerca dessa importante decisão. Não obstante, o desfecho provisório do caso difere da maioria de tantos outros que vêm ocorrendo no país, a partir da criação das Companhias Estaduais de Saneamento Básico. A falta de posicionamento explícito dos representantes públicos do município e a bipolarização da opinião pública entre o desejo da melhoria dos serviços e, por outro lado, os receios de aumento das tarifas e do desemprego, deram o tom da discussão e culminaram em uma decisão inesperada: o encerramento do debate e a continuidade do SAAE. Palavras-chave: saneamento básico; gestão; concessão; política; participação. Abstract: In Brazil, municipalities’ decision concerning the most adequate model for water and sanitation management is still a controversial issue and a field for frequent conflicts. Addressing the perspective of understanding the policy process on decision-making, this paper presents and analyzes the debate that took place in Sete Lagoas (Minas Gerais) about the possibility of transferring the WSS services to the Companhia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais (Copasa) or keeping it in municipal hands, through the Serviço Autônomo de Água e Esgoto (SAAE). Information was collected in the City Hall, City Council and local newspapers, aswell as through interviews with the main stakeholders, aiming at understanding the political picture, motivations, and interests around the debate. However, the provisional outcome of the case is different than many others that have been taking place elsewhere, after the creation of state companies for water supply and sanitation in Brazil. Public representatives’ lack of a clear political opinion and the divide of the population in two positions – wish for services improvement and fear for tariffs increase and for unemployment – were determinants for the unexpected decision: end of the debate and continuity of the SAAE. Keywords: water supply; sanitation; management; concession; participation.
Interações espaciais, transporte público e estruturação do espaço urbano
Authors: Silveira Márcio Rogério , Cocco Rodrigo Giraldi 
Published: January 2017

Para a construção de uma nova abordagem acerca das interações espaciais, que supere a visão clássica a ela atribuída de simples deslocamento, é necessário relacionar a natureza transformadora e dialética das interações ao espaço geográfico. O contato entre elementos espaciais diferentes, combinados através do transporte, possibilita o surgimento de uma característica nova e superior às formações materiais que interagem, reforçando seu caráter dialético. No capitalismo, estas interações se dão segundo interesses hegemônicos de valorização, conformando desigualdades entre setores econômicos, ramos de atividades e espaços, distorcendo as próprias interações que os alimentam. No espaço da cidade, tais processos se chocam e se combinam, manifestando um conflito de frações de capital incumbidas de estruturar este espaço, valorizando-se retroativamente em alguns momentos e manifestando antagonismos em outros. A relação entre o transporte e a estrutura da cidade é bastante apropriada para dar conteúdo a estas discussões. Palavras-chave: interações espaciais; transporte público; valor-trabalho; estruturação da cidade. Abstract: For the building of a new approach about spatial interactions that overcomes the classical view of simple displacement, it is necessary to relate the transforming and dialectic nature of interactions to geographic space. The contact between different spatial elements through transportation allows the emergence of a new and superior feature of material conformations that reinforce the dialectical character. In capitalism, these interactions occur according to hegemonic interests of recovery, shaping inequalities between economic sectors, branches of activities, and spaces, that distort the interactions that promote them. In urban space, such processes collide and combine, showing a conflict fractions of capital responsible for structuring the space of the city. The relationship between transportation and the structure of the city is quite appropriate to give substance to these discussions. Keywords: spatial interactions; public transportation; labor value; city structure.
A importância da macrometrópole paulista como escala de planejamento de infraestruturas de circulação e de transporte
Authors: Asquino Marcelo Sacenco 
Published: January 2017

Uma das características recentes do planejamento de sistemas de infraestrutura regionais em São Paulo é o reconhecimento da Macrometrópole paulista como recorte necessário para a análise de benefícios e de impactos de projetos. Este artigo examina a estruturação da metrópole de São Paulo e de seu espaço econômico expandido a partir de suas múltiplas escalas de planejamento, com destaque para o papel das infraestruturas de circulação e de transportes como fatores primordiais de transformação da dinâmica econômica regional. A partir da avaliação histórica e relacional desses planos e projetos infraestruturais aponta seus potenciais impactos na estruturação da macrorregião. Palavras-chave: São Paulo; macrometrópole; infraestrutura; circulação e transportes; planejamento. Abstract: One of the characteristics of recent regional infrastructure planning systems in São Paulo is the recognition of São Paulo Macrometropolis as the spatial area required for the analysis of benefits and impacts of projects. The paper examines the structure of São Paulo metropolis and its expanded economic region considering its several scales of planning. In this analysis, the role of transportation and circulation infrastructures as key factors to transform the regional economic dynamic are focused. From the historical and relational evaluation of those infrastructural plans and projects, their potential impacts on the macro-regional organization are highlighted. Keywords: São Paulo; macrometropolis; infrastructure; transportation and circulation; planning.
Urbanização brasileira: um olhar sobre o papel das cidades médias na primeira década do século XXI
Authors: Santos Angela Moulin S. Penalva 
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o papel das cidades com população superior a 100 mil habitantes na rede urbana brasileira na primeira década do século XXI. Partimos da premissa de que está em curso uma tendência de urbanização com concentração da população em um número reduzido de cidades, em um contexto de perda de centralidade da Indústria. Nesse processo, afirmam-se as metrópoles, mas aumenta a relevância de um grupo de cidades de médio porte, algumas das quais se tornaram centros regionais e articuladoras do território. Estamos chamando esse grupo de “cidades médias não metropolitanas” as cidades com população superior a 100 mil habitantes que não sejam capitais estaduais ou localizadas em regiões metropolitanas. A urbanização crescente com maior polarização espacial tem sido alimentada pela maior geração de empregos naquelas cidades, o que torna necessário que sejam implementadas políticas públicas que visem mitigar os efeitos da crise urbana que as metrópoles já experimentam. Palavras-chave: cidades médias; urbanização; polarização espacial; geração de empregos; rede urbana. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants in the Brazilian urban network in the first decade of this century. Our premise is that in the context of loss of centrality of the Industry there is a tendency of urbanization with concentration of population in a few cities. In this process, besides the metropolis affirmation, increases the relevance of a group of medium-size cities that became regional centers and articulate the territory. We call “medium size non-metropolitan cities ”the cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants that are not state capitals and are not inside metropolitan areas. The increasing urbanization, the spatial polarization and the employment growth in those cities make necessary public policies to avoid the effects of urban crisis that the metropolitan areas have already experienced. Keywords: medium size cities; urbanization; spatial polarization; employment generation; urban network.
Produção do espaço urbano e fluidez territorial: análise das escolhas locacionais associadas ao condomínio empresarial Techno Park Campinas
Authors: Finatti Rodolfo , Sposito Maria Encarnação Beltrão 
Published: January 2017

É recente a implantação de novos condomínios empresariais na Região Metropolitana de Campinas. São empreendimentos que se aproveitam de condições objetivas e subjetivas, ao mesmo tempo em que as promovem, para realizar o objetivo de comercialização do solo urbano. Por isso, são estratégias imobiliárias que orientam a produção destes espaços conforme requerimentos da atuação empresarial contemporânea, principalmente as que têm sistemas de produção mais flexíveis e estratégias territoriais que exigem fluidez. Neste artigo, destacamos como o Techno Park Campinas estimulou a decisão locacional de unidades produtivas, aproveitando-se da promoção da fluidez territorial, material e imaterial, expressa por importantes eixos de circulação, e oferecendo, ainda, como valor agregado ao produto imobiliário, a segurança, pertinente à lógica de um condomínio fechado. Palavras-chave: produção do espaço urbano; condomínio empresarial; fluidez territorial; localização industrial; segurança urbana. Abstract: It is recent the emergence of business condos in the metropolitan area of Campinas. Enterprises are taking advantage of objective and subjective conditions, while promoting them, to accomplish the goal of commercialization of urban soil. Therefore, real estate strategies are conducting the production of these spaces in accordance with the requirements of contemporary business, especially those with more flexible production systems and strategies that require territorial fluidity. This article focuses on the way that Techno Park Campinas stimulated the location decision of productive units, taking advantage of the material and immaterial territorial fluidity promotion, expressed by major transport routes, and providing safety as an added value to the property and relevant to the logic of a condominium. Keywords: production of urban space; business condos; territorial flowing; industrial localization; urban security.
Jogo no Rio
Authors: Egler Tamara Tania Cohen , Oliveira Fabiana Mabel de 
Published: January 2017

Como, por que e para quem são produzidas as políticas urbanas para os jogos esportivos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro? Os dados apresentados neste trabalho resultam de pesquisa realizada sobre os Jogos Pan-Americanos no Rio de Janeiro, em 2007. O artigo está estruturado em três eixos: discurso oficial; produção e apropriação social dos projetos; cidade democrática. No primeiro eixo, examinamos o que se veiculou como as benesses que os Jogos trariam para a cidade; no segundo, os projetos, a construção e a apropriação social dos equipamentos; e no terceiro, fazemos uma proposta de política pública para o que designamos “uma cidade democrática”. Este encaminhamento analítico tornou possível observar, analisar e apresentar a distância que existe entre o discurso oficial e a realidade dos interesses que compuseram as estratégias para os jogos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Palavras-chave: globalização; políticas urbanas; grandes eventos esportivos; Jogos Pan–Americanos; redes; Rio de Janeiro. Abstract: How, why and for whom are urban policies for sport games in Rio de Janeiro produced? The data presented here result from a research conducted on the Pan American Games held in Rio de Janeiro in 2007. The paper is divided in three axes: official discourse; production and social appropriation of the projects; democratic city. The first axis will examine what was reported as benefits that the Games would bring to the city; in the second, the projects, the construction and the social appropriation of the equipments; and in the third, we will make a public policy proposal for what we call “a democratic city”. This analytical way allowed us to observe, analyze and present the gap between the official discourse and the interests that made up the strategies for the games in Rio de Janeiro. Keywords: globalization; urban policy; major events; Pan-American Games; networks; Rio de Janeiro.
Teorías y políticas urbanas: ¿Libre mercado mundial, o construcción regional?
Authors: Cobos Emilio Pradilla 
Published: January 2017

Resumen: En el neoliberalismo y su globalización parece inobjetable que las teorías que explican la problemática urbana y las políticas públicas que pretenden resolverla tienen validez universal, objetivos homogéneos, eficacia general y pueden adquirirse en el “libre mercado mundial” intelectual o gubernamental. Una visión alienada de estos procesos, generalizada a casi todos los actores sociales e ideologías políticas parece justificarlo. Pero el largo proceso histórico de mundialización del capitalismo, sus impactos diferenciales en los territorios del mundo, y la evolución de los sistemas urbanos muestran heterogeneidades y desigualdades históricas que hacen que las teorías y políticas armadas en los países hegemónicos y los organismos multinacionales sean inaplicables, ineficaces y contraproducentes en América Latina y otras regiones. Su aplicación solo reproduce el atraso, la inequidad y la desigualdad que analizan o combaten. Abogamos por la descolonización de las teorías y las políticas urbanas y su construcción regional crítica y consecuente con nuestras realidades concretas y las necesidades de la mayoría de nuestra población. Palabras clave: América Latina; globalización; teoría; políticas; colonialismo. Abstract: At the neoliberal globalization it is assumed that the theories, private practices and policies set to solve the urban issues are universally valid and efficient, independently from the geography, demography, history, development level, culture and physical configuration of each city. This could be justified by an alienated vision of this process, a vision that is widespread among the social stakeholders. However, in the long term and thanks to the uneven global village concept of capitalism and its different impact on the territories, social structure, cultures, systems and urban morphologies, they have lead to heterogeneities and inequities that make theories, practices and policies implemented in several countries and multinational organisms unenforceable, inefficient and adverse for undeveloped regions around the world. Its implementation reproduces the development delay, contradictions, inequity and inequality that they analyze or avoid. We advocate the decolonizing of urban theories, practices and policies for Latin America and for building them from a critical point of view that takes into account the reality and needs of our population. Keywords: Latin America; globalization; theory; politics; colonialism.
Combination Therapy With Exenatide Plus Pioglitazone Versus Basal/Bolus Insulin in Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes on Sulfonylurea Plus Metformin: The Qatar Study
Authors: Abdul-Ghani Muhammad , Migahid Osama , Megahed Ayman , Adams John , Triplitt Curtis , DeFronzo Ralph A. , Zirie Mahmoud , Jayyousi Amin 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE
The Qatar Study was designed to examine the efficacy of combination therapy with exenatide plus pioglitazone versus basal/bolus insulin in patients with long-standing poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on metformin plus a sulfonylurea.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study randomized 231 patients with poorly controlled (HbA1c &gt;7.5%, 58 mmol/mol) T2DM on a sulfonylurea plus metformin to receive 1) pioglitazone plus weekly exenatide (combination therapy) or 2) basal plus prandial insulin (insulin therapy) to maintain HbA1c &lt;7.0% (53 mmol/mol).

RESULTS
After a mean follow-up of 12 months, combination therapy caused a robust decrease in HbA1c from 10.0 ± 0.6% (86 ± 5.2 mmol/mol) at baseline to 6.1 ± 0.1% (43 ± 0.7 mmol/mol) compared with 7.1 ± 0.1% (54 ± 0.8 mmol/mol) in subjects receiving insulin therapy. Combination therapy was effective in lowering the HbA1c independent of sex, ethnicity, BMI, or baseline HbA1c. Subjects in the insulin therapy group experienced significantly greater weight gain and a threefold higher rate of hypoglycemia than patients in the combination therapy group.

CONCLUSIONS
Combination exenatide/pioglitazone therapy is a very effective and safe therapeutic option in patients with long-standing poorly controlled T2DM on metformin plus a sulfonylurea.
Lignin Content and Resistance to Sclerotinia minor in Peanut
Authors: Bennett R.S. , Hatfield R.D. , Payton M.E. , Chamberlin K.D. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Lignin has been shown to be an important component for plant defense in several pathosystems, but the relationship between peanut stem lignin content and resistance in the field to Sclerotinia blight has not been investigated. Stem lignin was quantified from twenty runner, six virginia, and ten spanish genotypes grown in the greenhouse using the acetyl bromide method. Significant differences in lignin content were found within the runner and spanish entries, but not among the virginia genotypes. Disease data collected in the field over two to three years were used to test correlations between lignin content and Sclerotinia blight resistance for a subset of the runner and virginia entries. No significant correlations were found. Within the runner entries, the highest and lowest stem lignin content was found in entries with the most disease resistance. These results indicate that preformed stem lignin content is not a reliable predictor for resistance to Sclerotinia blight in peanut. In addition, commercial peanut cultivars appear to vary considerably in lignin content, and the genotypes with lower levels of stem lignin may be useful to producers who can use peanut haulm for animal feed. Southwest Runner, a cultivar with high resistance to Sclerotinia blight, had the lowest stem lignin content of the 36 peanut lines tested.
Phase Angle Predicts Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Calcification in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Sarmento-Dias Margarida , Santos-Araújo Carla , Poínhos Rui , Oliveira Bruno , Sousa Maria , Simões-Silva Liliana , Soares-Silva Isabel , Correia Flora , Pestana Manuel 
Published: January 2017

Objectives Fluid overload (FO) is frequently present in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and is associated with markers of malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis/calcification (MIAC) syndrome. We examined the relationships in stable PD patients between phase angle (PhA) and the spectrum of uremic vasculopathy including vascular calcification and arterial stiffness and between PhA and changes in serum fetuin-A levels. Methods Sixty-one stable adult PD patients were evaluated in a cross-sectional study (ST1). Phase angle was measured by multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (InbodyS10, Biospace, Korea) at 50 kHz. Augmentation index (AI), a surrogate marker of arterial stiffness, was assessed by digital pulse amplitude tonometry (Endo PAT, Itamar Medical, Caesarea, Israel). Vascular calcification was assessed by simplified calcification score (SCS). Serum fetuin-A levels were measured by ELISA (Thermo scientific; Waltham, MA, USA). Serum albumin was used as a nutritional marker, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was used as an inflammatory marker. The same assessments were carried out longitudinally (ST2) in the first 33 patients who completed 1 year of evaluation in ST1. Results In ST1, patients with PhA < 6° had higher CRP levels, AI, and SCS and lower serum albumin and fetuin-A levels, in comparison with patients with PhA ≥ 6°. In addition, PhA was a predictor of both AI ((3 = -0.351, p = 0.023) and SCS > 3 (EXP (B) = 0.243, p = 0.005). In ST2, the increase of PhA over time was associated with decreases in both AI ( r = -0.378, p = 0.042) and CRP levels ( r = -0.426, p = 0.021), as well as with the increase in serum fetuin-A levels ( r = 0.411, p = 0.030). Conclusions Phase angle predicts both arterial stiffness and vascular calcification in stable PD patients.
The 24-Month Changes in Body Fat Mass and Adipokines in Patients Starting Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Choi Soo Jeong , Park Moo Yong , Kim Jin Kuk , Hwang Seung Duk 
Published: January 2017

Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is characterized by a gain in fat mass. The fat tissue is a complex endocrine organ that releases various adipokines. In this study, we prospectively examined serial changes of fat composition and adipokines in patients undergoing PD. Methods Body composition was assessed by computed tomography (CT). Nutrition status and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, interleukin [IL]-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) were assessed on the 7th day and 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after the start of PD. Results Fifty-four patients (28 men), with a mean age of 53.2 ± 13.2 years, were enrolled. Baseline fat mass, especially subcutaneous fat mass, was correlated with baseline leptin (ρ = 0.612), adiponetin (ρ = -0.477), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (ρ = 0.391). Visceral fat mass was correlated with leptin (ρ = 0.545) and adiponectin (ρ = -0.514). Baseline adiponectin was negatively correlated with baseline leptin (ρ = -0.363). While body weight and leptin increased during the 24 months, serum adiponectin decreased in that period. The changes in visceral and subcutaneous fat mass were greater in the first 12 months and 6 months, respectively. There was no difference in IL-6 and TNF-α. Eight patients died during the follow-up period (mean 47.4 months). Twenty-seven patients continued PD. Increased baseline and serial change of IL-6 level were risk factors for mortality. After adjusting for age, sex, diabetes mellitus (DM), and coronary vascular disease (CVD), the significance of the IL-6 level disappeared. Conclusions Baseline subcutaneous fat in patients starting PD is correlated with baseline adipokine levels rather than visceral fat. The increase in subcutaneous fat was greatest in the first 6 months. While leptin and adiponectin increased and decreased respectively, IL-6 did not change in the first 24 months.