bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting motivation of academic staff at nursing faculties
Authors: Sabra Hanaa Esmail , Abo-Elmagd Nahed Shawkat 
Published: November 2017

Objective: This study aims to examine the factors that affecting motivation of academic staff at Faculties of Nursing at Assiut, Sohag and Quena Universities. Methods: A descriptive comparative design was used in the present study. Subjects of the study were all available academic staff who agreed to participate in the study (240). Tool of the study: A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection it consisted of two parts: The first part included the personal characteristics of academic staff. The second part--Questionnaire of the factors that affecting motivation of academic staff which was adapted from Alam & Farid & Shaheen and colleagues contained 52 items.Results: The findings of the present study showed that the first factor positively motivate the academic staff to teach was self-confidence, followed by choice of teaching staff for their profession. While, the first factor negatively affecting the motivation of the academic staff to teach was anxiety in classroom, followed by examination stress and rewards.Conclusions: The factors positively motivate the academic staff to teach were self-confidence, choice of teaching staff for their profession, and relation of teachers with their colleagues. While, the factors negatively affecting the motivation of the academic staff to teach were anxiety in classroom, examination stress and rewards, socio-economic status of teaching staff, and administration polices. There were statistically significant differences and negative relation between socio-economic status, anxiety in classroom, and academic staff's years of experience while, there were statistically significant differences and positive relation between self-confidence, administrative policies and academic staff's years of experience. Recommendation: The academic staff must be acknowledged for their good performance and should be accompanied with improvement of their salary and academicians should not employ without a professional training by in-service training courses.
A utilização do método para se conhecer a verdade de Jaime Balmes na verificação dos Precedentes
Authors: Ramos Fábio Lívio , Ramos Fábio Lívio Ramos Lívio , Ramos Fábio Lívio Ramos Lívio 
Published: November 2017

<div class="WordSection1"><p>O trabalho discutirá uma aproximação das ideias de Jaime Balmes contidas no livro “O critério” com o artigo 489 parágrafo 1º inciso V do Código de Processo Civil que trata dos precedentes. A importância do tema é a força que o instituto do precedente alcança em nosso ordenamento jurídico e a necessidade de os operadores do Direito atentarem para formas de sua utilização no sistema judiciário brasileiro. O modo de conhecer a verdade de Jaime Balmes pode ser um interessante aliado nas formas de se interpretar o precedente e sua aplicação em casos concretos. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho foi a utilização do livro “O critério” de Jaime Balmes e de outras fontes encontradas em pesquisas realizadas em bibliotecas, internet e também nas bibliografias indicadas pelo orientador. A pesquisa observa elementos da filosofia do pensador espanhol e sua aplicação na análise de precedentes judiciais, realizando um debate entre as ideias de Balmes e de outros estudiosos de direito na busca de soluções para as decisões na justiça.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p></div>
Identidade e construção de Autoria em uma Língua Adicional: as memórias ou autobiografias de linguagem
Authors: Brisolara Valéria Silveira 
Published: November 2017

<p> Grande parte da literatura contemporânea é escrita em uma língua adicional. Muitas dessas obras produzidas em língua inglesa são de cunho autobiográfico ou memorial, enfatizando aspectos relacionados ao aprendizado de uma língua adicional e a posterior transformação dessa língua em uma língua de escrita, ou seja, à construção de uma autoria em uma língua adicional. Essas narrativas revelam e discutem o efeito de uma língua adicional sobre a primeira e sobre a identidade do sujeito ao tematizar o exílio e fazer dele matéria prima para a escrita. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e discutir o conceito de memórias ou autobiografias de linguagem e exemplificar tal conceito a partir da obra: <em>Lost in Translation </em>da escritora canadense Eva Hoffman.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p> </p>
Is There a Role for Programmed Death Ligand-1 Testing and Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer With Microsatellite Instability? Part I—Colorectal Cancer: Microsatellite Instability, Testing, and Clinical Implications
Authors: Marginean Esmeralda Celia , Melosky Barbara 
Published: November 2017

Context.—
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most-common cancer in developed countries and is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Two recognized pathways contribute to CRC development: a more-common chromosomal instability pathway and, in 15% of cases, a deficient mismatch repair or microsatellite instability–high (MSI-H) pathway. The MSI-H CRC can be associated with somatic or germline mutations. Microsatellite status has been recognized as a prognostic and predictive biomarker.

Objectives.—
To summarize the molecular pathways of CRC, with an emphasis on the MSI (mismatch repair) pathway; the recommended MSI testing algorithms and interpretation; and the prognostic and predictive role of MSI-H status in personalized treatment, including adjuvant chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

Data Sources.—
A PubMed (US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) review was performed for articles pertaining to CRC, MSI and mismatch repair systems, molecular classification, immune response, programmed death receptor-1/programmed death ligand-1, and immunotherapy.

Conclusions.—
Although the TNM classification of malignant tumor stage remains the key determinant of CRC prognosis and treatment, there are considerable stage-independent, interindividual differences in clinical outcome and therapy response by patients. In addition, MSI-H status has an important role in CRC management and can be reliably detected by molecular and immunohistochemistry techniques and genetic testing. Efforts must be made to identify whether MSI-H CRC is germline or sporadic to ensure appropriate treatment, accurate prognosis, and risk assessment for relatives. Microsatellite status has been recognized as a good prognostic indicator and is predictive of a poor response to 5-fluorouracil–based chemotherapy and a good response to programmed death ligand-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in metastatic/refractory MSI-H CRC.
INFLUENCE OF 4- (N-ALKYL)- AND 4-(N-ALCOXY)-3′,4′-DICYANODIPHENYLOXIDES ON DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF LIQUID CRYSTALLINE MIXTURE OF CYANOBIPHENYLES
Authors: Novikov Igor. V. , Aleksandriiskii Viktor. V. , Maizlish Vladimir. E. , Abramov Igor. G. , Burmistrov Vladimir. A. 
Published: November 2017

The mesomorphic and dielectric properties of 4- (n)-alkyl-, 4- (n)-alkoxy-3′,4'-dicyanodiphenyloxides (n = 4.5.8) solutions in the liquid crystalline mixture on the base of nematic 4- (n) -alkoxy-4'-cyano-biphenyls (n = 3,4,5,6,7,8) (CB-6) were studied. The enlightenment temperatures of the mixtures were measured by the polarization microcoscopy. The introduction of the nonmesogens was shown to result in a decrease in the enlightenment temperatures of mesomorphic compositions. The slopes of the boundary lines of coexisting nematic and isotropic liquid phases were calculated which characterized the effect of the additive on the stability of the mesophase. It is shown that the destabilizing effect of substituted diphenyloxides with respect to the thermal stability of the mesophase is affected by the feature of the substituted dicyanodiphenyloxides non-linear structure. The geometry of the investigated dopants molecules was optimized using quantum chemical calculations by the DFT method. Calculations have shown a non-linear form of diphenyloxide molecules, in contrast to the rod-like shapes of alkyloxycyanobiphenyls molecules. The components of the static dielectric permeability (ε) in nematic and isotropic phases of the compositions were measured at a parallel (ε||) and perpendicular (ε^) orientation of the sample in the magnetic field as a function of the temperature and concentration of the additives , and the dielectric anisotropy Δε = ε||- ε^ was calculated. The addition of polar dicyanodiphenyldioxides into the mesomorphic composition results in an increase in the dielectric constants. An increase in the dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystalline mixtures with an increase in the additive concentration is the most effective for homologues with short alkyl fragments. It is shown that the growth of permeability anisotropy can be associated both with the rise in the effective dipole moment of the mesophase at high polar dopants introduction and the change in the degree of the dipole-dipole antiparallel association of cyanosubstituted compounds. To estimate the correlation degree of polar molecules, the Kirkwood parameter values were calculated. The doping of the mixture CB-6 with 4-(n)-alkyl-, 4-(n)-alkoxy-3', 4'-dicyanodiphenyloxides is accompanied by a decrease in the Kirkwood factor due to the possible formation of liquid crystal-dopant associates in the compositions.Forcitation:Novikov I.V., Aleksandriiskii V.V., Maizlish V.E., Abramov I.G., Burmistrov V.A. Influence of 4- (n-alkyl)- and 4-(n-alcoxy)-3′,4′-dicyanodiphenyloxides on dielectric properties of liquid crystalline mixture of cyanobiphenyles. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 10. P. 42-46
Shallow Mantle Anisotropy Beneath the Juan de Fuca Plate
Authors: VanderBeek Brandon P. , Toomey Douglas R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe anisotropic fabric of the oceanic mantle lithosphere is often assumed to parallel paleo‐relative plate motion (RPM). However, we find evidence that this assumption is invalid beneath the Juan de Fuca (JdF) plate. Using travel times of seismic energy propagating through the topmost mantle, we find that the fast direction of P wave propagation is rotated 18° ± 3° counterclockwise to the paleo‐spreading direction and strikes between Pacific‐JdF relative and JdF absolute plate motion (APM). The mean mantle velocity is 7.85 ± 0.02 km/s with 4.6% ± 0.4% anisotropy. Synthesis of the plate‐averaged Pn anisotropy signal with measurements of Pn anisotropy beneath the JdF Ridge and SKS splits across the JdF plate suggests that the anisotropic structure of the topmost mantle continues to evolve away from the spreading center to more closely align with APM. We infer that the oceanic mantle lithosphere may record the influence of both paleo‐RPM and paleo‐APM.
Predicting the Geothermal Heat Flux in Greenland: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Rezvanbehbahani Soroush , Stearns Leigh A. , Kadivar Amir , Walker J. Doug , van der Veen C. J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGeothermal heat flux (GHF) is a crucial boundary condition for making accurate predictions of ice sheet mass loss, yet it is poorly known in Greenland due to inaccessibility of the bedrock. Here we use a machine learning algorithm on a large collection of relevant geologic features and global GHF measurements and produce a GHF map of Greenland that we argue is within ∼15% accuracy. The main features of our predicted GHF map include a large region with high GHF in central‐north Greenland surrounding the NorthGRIP ice core site, and hot spots in the Jakobshavn Isbræ catchment, upstream of Petermann Gletscher, and near the terminus of Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden glacier. Our model also captures the trajectory of Greenland movement over the Icelandic plume by predicting a stripe of elevated GHF in central‐east Greenland. Finally, we show that our model can produce substantially more accurate predictions if additional measurements of GHF in Greenland are provided.
Nightside Ionospheric Convection Asymmetries During the Early Substorm Expansion Phase: Relationship to Onset Local Time
Authors: Grocott A. , Laurens H. J. , Wild J. A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe present Super Dual Auroral Radar Network observations of ionospheric convection during substorms. Substorms were grouped according to their onset latitude, onset magnetic local time, and the prevailing sense of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) BY. The radar observations were then sorted according to substorm group and average convection patterns produced. Here we discuss the patterns corresponding to substorms with onsets occurring in the 65∘–67∘ onset latitude range, at either early (20–22 h) or late (01–03 h) magnetic local times, during intervals of either dominant positive or negative IMF BY. We show that the morphology of the convection patterns differs from that predicted by existing empirical models, with the location of the nightside convection throat being largely consistent with the location of substorm onset. The expected IMF BY‐induced dawn‐dusk convection asymmetry can be enhanced on the nightside when the substorm onset occurs at a fortuitous location but can equally be removed or even reversed from this expected state. Thus, the nightside convection asymmetries are seemingly unrelated to the instantaneous sense of IMF BY.
Ultra‐Broadband Wide‐Angle Terahertz Absorption Properties of 3D Graphene Foam
Authors: Huang Zhiyu , Chen Honghui , Huang Yi , Ge Zhen , Zhou Ying , Yang Yang , Xiao Peishuang , Liang Jiajie , Zhang Tengfei , Shi Qian , Li Guanghao , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAs a next generation of detection technology, terahertz technology is very promising. In this work, a highly efficient terahertz wave absorber based on 3D graphene foam (3DG) is first reported. Excellent terahertz absorption property at frequency ranging from 0.1 to 1.2 THz is obtained owing to faint surface reflection and enormous internal absorption. By precise control of the constant properties for 3DG, the reflection loss (RL) value of 19 dB is acquired and the qualified frequency bandwidth (with RL value over 10 dB) covers 95% of the entire measured bandwidth at normal incidence, which far surpasses most reported materials. More importantly, the terahertz absorption performance of 3DG enhances obviously with increasing the incidence while majority of materials become invalid at oblique incidence, instead. At the incidence of 45°, the maximum RL value increases 50% from 19 to 28.6 dB and the qualified frequency bandwidth covers 100% of the measured bandwidth. After considering all core indicators involving density, qualified bandwidth, and RL values, the specific average terahertz absorption (SATA) property is investigated. The SATA value of 3DG is over 3000 times higher than those of other materials in open literatures.
DNA variants and organophosphate neurotoxicity among emerging farmers in the Western Cape of South Africa
Authors: Glass Tracy , Dalvie Mohamed A. , Holtman Zelda , Vorster Anna A. , Ramesar Rajkumar S. , London Leslie 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundPrevious epidemiological studies investigating modification of organophosphate (OP) neurotoxicity by xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) polymorphisms have produced inconsistent results.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 301 emerging farmers was conducted. Neurotoxicity testing included forward and backward recall, digit span, and vibration sensitivity testing. Questionnaire data included demography, potential confounders, and work history of pesticide exposures. Genomic DNA was analyzed from study participants for DNA variants of two glutathione S‐transferases (GSTM1 and GSTT1), N‐acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), and Paraoxonase 1 (PON1).ResultsThere was evidence of OP pesticide neurotoxicity modification by rs1799931 (NAT2), rs662 (PON1), and the null allele of GSTM1 in multivariate analysis. The strongest evidence of modification was observed for rs1799931 (NAT2) on the relationship between pesticide poisoning and impaired vibration sense.ConclusionsDNA variants of NAT2, PON1, and GSTM1 may modify OP neurotoxicity, and this requires further exploration.
A comparison of paternity data and relative testes size as measures of level of sperm competition in theHominoidea
Authors: Baker R. Robin , Shackelford Todd K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe phrase “level of sperm competition” is used only vaguely in the primate literature. There is also little distinction between the important elements of frequency and intensity of sperm competition, largely because the two current forms of measurement (socio‐sexual system and relative testes size) are both proxies which allow neither precision nor fine distinctions. Both measures have critics, socio‐sexual system in particular being branded subjective, misleading, and changeable. Testes size is considered the more reliable despite its validation resting on correlations with the other, less reliable, proxy. Recently, genetic paternity studies have been mooted to provide a potentially superior third measure of sperm competition but so far lack a formal interpretive framework. Here we use the published and relatively comprehensive genetic field studies of the Hominoidea to develop such a framework.Materials and methodsFormulae are derived to convert paternity data into a direct measure of the frequency, intensity, and overall level of sperm competition. We then compare these measures with relative testes size at the study, species, and phylogenetic levels.ResultsA significant correlation between level of sperm competition and relative testes size was obtained at each level. These correlations provide independent support for the continuing use of testes size as a proxy measure when such a measure is sufficient. However, they also suggest that paternity data and our formulae yield a viable alternative measure.DiscussionThis alternative measure based on paternity data has a number of advantages. Not only is it a potentially direct measure of the level of sperm competition but it also allows the roles of frequency and intensity to be studied separately when of interest.
Assessing the clinical applicability of prior head imaging in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Bhalla Vidur , McCann Adam , Sykes Kevin , Hoover Larry , Beahm D. David , Chiu Alexander 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundPatients often have received some modality of head imaging prior to being evaluated for chronic sinonasal complaints, and the clinical significance of these scans on current sinonasal symptomatology is unknown.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, cohort study of 578 patients with chronic sinonasal indications for maxillofacial computed tomography scans (CTs) in 2016. Patients were included if previous head cross‐sectional imaging had been performed. Lund‐McKay (LM) scores were calculated on the prior CT scan for each patient and compared to LM scores of the most recent scan. Scans with LM scores ≤3 were deemed normal, scores >3 were deemed positive, and Δ >3 was deemed a significant change.ResultsOf 578 patients, 153 (26.5%) patients had previous imaging. Overall, a strong correlation was noted between scans (r = 0.791, p < 0.001). Significant correlations remained with the subset of positive prior scans (r = 0.743, p < 0.001). The 3 most common prior imaging modalities were maxillofacial CT, head CT, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Correlations between these modalities and subsequent maxillofacial CTs range from strong to moderately strong. Women were significantly more likely to have negative prior imaging (p = 0.048). Patients with negative prior imaging (80/153) were significantly more likely to remain unchanged (71/80) compared to patients with positive prior scans (56/73) (p = 0.023).ConclusionPrior head imaging highly correlates to future maxillofacial CT in patients with chronic sinonasal complaints, and patients with prior negative scans are likely to remain negative on future imaging. If prior head scans exist, practitioners may want to avoid ordering additional scans in the absence of changing symptoms.
Restoration of Ribozyme Tertiary Contact and Function by Using a Molecular Glue for RNA
Authors: Dohno Chikara , Kimura Maki , Nakatani Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSome RNA classes require folding into the proper higher‐order structures to exert their functions. Hammerhead ribozyme (HHR) requires a folding conformation stabilized by tertiary interaction for full activity. A rationally engineered HHR was developed that was inactive, but could be activated by a synthetic RNA‐binding ligand, naphthyridine carbamate tetramer with Z‐stilbene linker (Z‐NCTS). Binding of Z‐NCTS could induce the formation of an active folding structure and thereby restore ribozyme activity, where Z‐NCTS acts as a molecular glue to bring two isolated RNA loops into contact with each other. Next, we designed a Z‐NCTS‐responsive genetic switch using the HHR sequence inserted into the 3′ untranslated region as a cis‐acting element. We demonstrated that the rationally designed ribozyme switch enabled regulation of gene expression by Z‐NCTS and was functional in mammalian cells.
Ein Strontium‐ und Chlor‐freies rotes pyrotechnisches Leuchtsignal mit hoher spektraler Reinheit
Authors: Glück Johann , Klapötke Thomas M. , Rusan Magdalena , Sabatini Jesse J. , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDurch die drohende Reglementierung der in roten pyrotechnischen Leuchtsätzen enthaltenen Strontium‐ und Organochlorverbindungen durch die US‐Umweltschutzbehörde richtet sich der Fokus zunehmend auf die Entwicklung alternativer chlorfreier Leuchtsätze. Aus diesem Grund berichten wir über die Entwicklung Lithium‐basierter roter Leuchtsätze mit hoher Farbqualität und Lichtreinheit. Diese Formulierungen verzichten vollkommen auf Strontium und Organochlorverbindungen. Stattdessen fungiert ein neu synthetisiertes, nicht hygroskopisches, stickstoffreiches Dilithiumsalz gleichzeitig als Oxidationsmittel und Farbgeber. Die Lithium‐basierten Mischungen können sowohl im militärischen als auch im zivilen Bereich als Ausgangspunkt für die Entwicklung von umwelt‐ und gesundheitsverträglicheren Leuchtsätzen dienen.
Industrially viable technique for the preparation of HDPE/fly ash composites at high loading: Thermal, mechanical, and rheological interpretations
Authors: Verma Pawan , Kumar Anuj , Chauhan Sampat Singh , Verma Meenakshi , Malik Rajender Singh , Choudhary Veena 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThis article describes an industrially viable melt blending approach for the preparation of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/fly ash composites having high loading of fly ash (FA) (up to 25 wt %). In this approach, solvent was used to enhance the mixing of FA in HDPE matrix. FA coated on the outer surface of HDPE granules using solvent is an economical technique for the incorporation of high loading of FA using conventional twin screw extruder. Herein, the effect of HDPE reinforced with FA on thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties has been investigated. Incorporation of FA in HDPE matrix resulted in higher storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), and complex viscosity (η*) as compared to neat polymer. Tensile and flexural moduli were also found to increase (∼47% and ∼66%, respectively) with the addition of FA (25 wt %). However, the elongation at break of HDPE reduced as the rigid spherical FA particles do not undergo elongation. The dispersion of FA within the polymer matrix and interaction of FA with HDPE were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Rheological and mechanical properties of the composites were also correlated with the morphology. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45995.