bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skins, de la série britannique à la série américaine : la reprise de la figure du jeune musulman
Authors: Cabaret Florence 
Published: February 2016

Souvent décrite comme un divertissement sulfureux parce qu’elle est en partie consacrée aux frasques et soirées mouvementées d’adolescents au lycée, la série britannique Skins de Jamie Brittain et Bryan Elsley (E4, 2007-2013) se trouve aussi très ancrée sociologiquement dans la ville contemporaine de Bristol et dans les mœurs qui caractérisent ses personnages. Si la série propose donc une représentation des modes de vie de certains jeunes au Royaume-Uni dans la première décennie du xxie siècle, elle interroge aussi le choix des individus qui composent le groupe d’amis par les créateurs de ce programme de fiction télévisée. Ainsi, dans un groupe majoritairement blanc issu de la classe moyenne, on trouve également une jeune fille d’ascendance afro-caribéenne et un jeune homme d’ascendance indo-pakistanaise. Tous deux incarnent visiblement les deux communautés issues de l’immigration de la deuxième moitié du xxe siècle au Royaume-Uni, dont l’une est l’objet d’une attention et d’une surveillance plus spécifique depuis les attentats du 11 septembre 2001 à New York et du 7 juillet 2005 à Londres. C’est pourquoi j’ai choisi de m’intéresser plus particulièrement au personnage d’Anwar Kharral, pour interroger la manière dont la Saison 1 met en scène son appartenance religieuse en la confrontant à ce qui semble être des questions morales et intimes plus que des questions explicitement politiques. La reprise/transposition de cette figure britannique de jeune musulman dans la version américaine de la Saison 1 (MTV, 2011) permet de montrer que d’autres choix de caractérisation du personnage d’Abbud Siddiki ont été retenus par le même Bryan Elsley, qui tendent à minimiser les vertus de l’appartenance à une famille musulmane mises en avant à la fin de la saison 1 de la série britannique pour, au contraire, tirer le personnage vers une figure de bouc émissaire facile, ce que la série américaine met en scène avec un humour assez grinçant.
Healthy HLA-DQ2.5+ Subjects Lack Regulatory and Memory T Cells Specific for Immunodominant Gluten Epitopes of Celiac Disease
Authors: Christophersen Asbjørn , Risnes Louise F. , Bergseng Elin , Lundin Knut E. A. , Sollid Ludvig M. , Qiao Shuo-Wang 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an HLA-associated disorder characterized by a harmful T cell response to dietary gluten. It is not understood why most individuals who carry CD-associated HLA molecules, such as HLA-DQ2.5, do not develop CD despite continuous gluten exposure. In this study, we have used tetramers of HLA-DQ2.5 bound with immunodominant gluten epitopes to explore whether HLA-DQ2.5+ healthy individuals mount a specific CD4+ T cell response to gluten. We found that gluten tetramer-binding memory cells were rare in blood of healthy individuals. These cells showed lower tetramer-binding intensity and no signs of biased TCR usage compared with gluten tetramer-binding memory T cells from patients. After sorting and in vitro expansion, only 18% of the tetramer-binding memory cells from healthy subjects versus 79% in CD patients were gluten-reactive upon tetramer restaining. Further, T cell clones of tetramer-sorted memory cells of healthy individuals showed lower gluten-specific proliferative responses compared with those of CD patients, indicating that tetramer-binding memory cells in healthy control subjects may be cross-reactive T cells. In duodenal biopsy specimens of healthy control subjects, CD4+ T cells were determined not to be gluten reactive. Finally, gluten tetramer-binding cells of healthy individuals did not coexpress regulatory T cell markers (Foxp3+ CD25+) and cultured T cell clones did not express a cytokine profile that indicated immune-dampening properties. The results demonstrate that healthy HLA-DQ2.5+ individuals do not mount a T cell response to immunodominant gluten epitopes of CD.
Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Chronically Infected Cystic Fibrosis Patients Fail To Activate the Inflammasome during Both Stable Infection and Pulmonary Exacerbation
Authors: Huus Kelsey E. , Joseph Julie , Zhang Li , Wong Alex , Aaron Shawn D. , Mah Thien-Fah , Sad Subash 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Immune recognition of pathogen-associated ligands leads to assembly and activation of inflammasomes, resulting in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and an inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis. Inflammasomes are important for protection against many pathogens, but their role during chronic infectious disease is poorly understood. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that persists in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and may be responsible for the repeated episodes of pulmonary exacerbation characteristic of CF. P. aeruginosa is capable of inducing potent inflammasome activation during acute infection. We hypothesized that to persist within the host during chronic infection, P. aeruginosa must evade inflammasome activation, and pulmonary exacerbations may be the result of restoration of inflammasome activation. We therefore isolated P. aeruginosa from chronically infected CF patients during stable infection and exacerbation and evaluated the impact of these isolates on inflammasome activation in macrophages and neutrophils. P. aeruginosa isolates from CF patients failed to induce inflammasome activation, as measured by the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 and by pyroptotic cell death, during both stable infection and exacerbation. Inflammasome evasion likely was due to reduced expression of inflammasome ligands and reduced motility and was not observed in environmental isolates or isolates from acute, non-CF infection. These results reveal a novel mechanism of pathogen adaptation by P. aeruginosa to avoid detection by inflammasomes in CF patients and indicate that P. aeruginosa–activated inflammasomes are not involved in CF pulmonary exacerbations.
Type I IFN Does Not Promote Susceptibility to Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Pitts Michelle G. , Myers-Morales Tanya , D’Orazio Sarah E. F. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Type I IFN (IFN-α/β) is thought to enhance growth of the foodborne intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes by promoting mechanisms that dampen innate immunity to infection. However, the type I IFN response has been studied primarily using methods that bypass the stomach and, therefore, fail to replicate the natural course of L. monocytogenes infection. In this study, we compared i.v. and foodborne transmission of L. monocytogenes in mice lacking the common type I IFN receptor (IFNAR1−/−). Contrary to what was observed using i.v. infection, IFNAR1−/− and wild-type mice had similar bacterial burdens in the liver and spleen following foodborne infection. Splenocytes from wild-type mice infected i.v. produced significantly more IFN-β than did those infected by the foodborne route. Consequently, the immunosuppressive effects of type I IFN signaling, which included T cell death, increased IL-10 secretion, and repression of neutrophil recruitment to the spleen, were all observed following i.v. but not foodborne transmission of L. monocytogenes. Type I IFN was also previously shown to cause a loss of responsiveness to IFN-γ through downregulation of the IFN-γ receptor α-chain on macrophages and dendritic cells. However, we detected a decrease in surface expression of IFN-γ receptor α-chain even in the absence of IFN-α/β signaling, suggesting that in vivo, this infection-induced phenotype is not type I IFN–dependent. These results highlight the importance of using the natural route of infection for studies of host–pathogen interactions and suggest that the detrimental effects of IFN-α/β signaling on the innate immune response to L. monocytogenes may be an artifact of the i.v. infection model.
Atmospheric circulation patterns, cloud-to-ground lightning, and locally intense convective rainfall associated with debris flow initiation in the Dolomite Alps of northeastern Italy
Authors: Underwood S. Jeffrey , Schultz Michael D. , Berti Metteo , Gregoretti Carlo , Simoni Alessandro , Mote Thomas L. , Saylor Anthony M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The Dolomite Alps of northeastern Italy experience debris flows with great frequency during the summer months. An ample supply of unconsolidated material on steep slopes and a summer season climate regime characterized by recurrent thunderstorms combine to produce an abundance of these destructive hydro-geologic events. In the past, debris flow events have been studied primarily in the context of their geologic and geomorphic characteristics. The atmospheric contribution to these mass-wasting events has been limited to recording rainfall and developing intensity thresholds for debris mobilization. This study aims to expand the examination of atmospheric processes that preceded both locally intense convective rainfall (LICR) and debris flows in the Dolomite region. 500 hPa pressure level plots of geopotential heights were constructed for a period of 3 days prior to debris flow events to gain insight into the synoptic-scale processes which provide an environment conducive to LICR in the Dolomites. Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash data recorded at the meso-scale were incorporated to assess the convective environment proximal to debris flow source regions. Twelve events were analyzed and from this analysis three common synoptic-scale circulation patterns were identified. Evaluation of CG flashes at smaller spatial and temporal scales illustrated that convective processes vary in their production of CF flashes (total number) and the spatial distribution of flashes can also be quite different between events over longer periods. During the 60 min interval immediately preceding debris flow a majority of cases exhibited spatial and temporal colocation of LICR and CG flashes. Also a number of CG flash parameters were found to be significantly correlated to rainfall intensity prior to debris flow initiation.
Phoning it in? Examining Pre-Employment Phone Interview Procedure in Higher Education
Authors: Antonellis Paul James , Flam Danielle 
Published: February 2016

In the United States, the employment screening process for hiring full-time faculty in higher education involves the vetting of curricula vitae, phone interview(s), and/or campus visits (Cardeiro, 2010; Shively, Woodward, & Stanly, 1999). The purpose of this research was to examine the phone interview procedure at one institute of higher education, and from there, formulate a systematic phone interviewing procedure that could be put to use at this particular university. After conducting a review of relevant literature, the researchers engaged in action research that utilized qualitative data of 10 participants who took part in the pre-interview, professional development intervention, and the post-interviews for this research project. The action research protocol involved identifying the problem to bring about a positive organizational change, selecting the needed change, implementing the proposed change, and evaluating the results of the change. Upon completion of which, three emerging themes from the collected data were determined: a) phone interview procedure and structure, b) assessment and screening procedures, c) organizational fit. This research proves to be significant because it expands the current knowledge on the topic of conducting employment phone interviews in higher education for tenure track faculty. How higher educational institution conduct faculty screening is often considered a trade secrete, resulting in other institutions unwillingness to provide information on how they conducting faculty screening (Trower, 2012). By sharing this protocol with the field, places of higher learning can begin to assess and measure their own hiring procedures, and correct practices that may be flawed, inequitable, or possibly illegal.
Investigating and Comparing Primary, Secondary, and High School Principals’ and Teachers’ Attitudes in the City of Isfahan towards In-Service Training Courses
Authors: Foroutan Masoud , Rajaeepour Saeed , Siadat Seyed Ali 
Published: February 2016

One of the factors of improving teaching and learning as well as realization of aims of educational institutes depends on improving the quality of teachers’ and principals’ in-service educational courses. The present study aims at investigating principals’ and teachers’ attitudes towards in-service course in Isfahan City. The research method employed in the study was descriptive and the data collection method was the survey research. The population includes all teachers and principals in the City of Isfahan. Participants were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling method. The sample size included 284 participants. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire including 46 close-end questions designed based on the five-point Likert scale. Its reliability was obtained as 95% based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient in the pilot study. Comparing male and female participants’ attitudes regarding professors and lecturers of in-service educational courses indicated significant differences. In other words, female participants evaluated the degree of lecturers’ skills as higher than male ones did. But, no significant difference was observed regarding educational needs, textbook contents, assessment methods, environment and equipment, time of holding courses, and the increase in capabilities between male and female participants. No significant difference can be indicated the comparison of participants’ attitudes regarding their educational sections (primary, secondary, and high schools) in relation with educational environment and equipment as well as the time of holding courses, but the attitudes of the same participants regarding educational needs, textbook content, assessment methods of professors and lecturers, the increase in their professional and scientific capabilities indicate no significant difference. In addition, participants’ attitudes regarding educational sections and in terms of the increase in professors and lecturers’ scientific and professional capabilities indicate a significant differences. In other words, primary school participants considered the increase in their own scientific and professional capabilities higher than those of high school participants.
Pseudocyst of the auricle in patients with movement disorders: report of two patients with ataxia-associated auricular pseudocysts
Authors: Beutler Bryce D. , Cohen Philip R. 
Published: February 2016

Background: Pseudocyst of the auricle is a benign condition of the ear characterized by an asymptomatic, noninflammatory swelling on the lateral or anterior surface of the auricle. It typically presents as a 1 to 5 centimeter cystic lesion located within the scaphoid or triangular fossa. In most patients, the lesion develops spontaneously. However, pseudocyst of the auricle has also been associated with trauma to the ear.
Purpose: We describe the clinical findings of two men who developed pseudocyst of the auricle associated with ataxia-induced trauma to their ear. We also summarize the differential diagnosis, the postulated pathogenesis, and the treatment options for this condition.
Materials and methods: The features of two men with pseudocyst of the auricle are presented. Using PubMed, the following terms were searched and relevant citations assessed: ataxia, auricle, dyskinesia, ear, Friedreich’s, neurological, pinna, pseudocyst, spasticity, spinocerebellar, and trauma. In addition, the literature on pseudocyst of the auricle is reviewed.
Results: Pseudocyst of the auricle was observed in two men with neurological disorders: a 33-year-old Asian man with spinocerebellar ataxia and a 47-year-old Caucasian man with Friedreich’s ataxia. Each patient had a history of ataxia-induced head and ear trauma. The clinical features of the lesions were sufficient to establish a diagnosis of pseudocyst of the auricle. Neither patient desired treatment.
Conclusion: Pseudocyst of the auricle is a benign cystic lesion that is occasionally precipitated by trauma to the affected ear. Patients with neurological disorders, particularly those associated with ataxia and/or dyskinesias, may have an increased risk of developing the traumatic variant of the condition. Diagnosis can usually be established by clinical presentation. However, in some patients, a tissue specimen may be secured for microscopic evaluation to exclude infection or during surgical repair. Various treatment options exist for pseudocyst of the auricle, including: (1) needle aspiration—with or without subsequent injection of an irritant substance—followed by a pressure dressing and (2) surgical deroofing. Alternatively, reassurance of the benign nature of the condition and observation is a reasonable management alternative.
Understanding the high p-type conductivity in Cu-excess CuAlS2: A first-principles study
Authors: Huang Dan , Zhao Yujun , Tang Wenjuan , Liang Xianqing , Zhou Wenzheng , Li Changsheng , Yao Chunmei , Guo Jin 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The high p-type conductivity in Cu-excess CuAlS2 reported from a recent experimental paper is not well understood as it is not supported by earlier theoretical studies. We found that Cu can be heavily doped at the Al site and can form compensated defect bands to shift up the valence band, leading to shallow acceptor levels under a Cu-excess condition. In particular, Zn doping at the Al site in Cu-excess CuAlS2 has been suggested as a promising approach to improving the p-type conductivity in Cu-excess CuAlS2.
Prolonged multiple excitation of large‐scale Traveling Atmospheric Disturbances (TADs) by successive and interacting coronal mass ejections
Authors: Guo Jianpeng , Wei Fengsi , Feng Xueshang , Forbes Jeffrey M. , Wang Yuming , Liu Huixin , Wan Weixing , Yang Zhiliang , Liu Chaoxu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSuccessive and interacting coronal mass ejections (CMEs) directed earthward can have significant impacts throughout geospace. While considerable progress has been made in understanding their geomagnetic consequences over the past decade, elucidation of their atmospheric consequences remains a challenge. During 17–19 January 2005, a compound stream formed due to interaction of six successive halo CMEs impacted Earth's magnetosphere. In this paper, we report one atmospheric consequence of this impact, namely, the prolonged multiple excitation of large‐scale (>∼1000 km) traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs). The TADs were effectively excited in auroral regions by sudden injections of energy due to the intermittent southward magnetic fields within the stream. They propagated toward the equator at speeds near 800 m/s and produced long‐duration (∼2.5 days) continuous large‐scale density disturbances of order up ± 40% in the global thermosphere.
Solar cycle variations in the ionosphere of Mars as seen by multiple Mars Express data sets
Authors: Sánchez‐Cano B. , Lester M. , Witasse O. , Milan S. E. , Hall B. E. S. , Cartacci M. , Peter K. , Morgan D. D. , Blelly P.‐L. , Radicella S. , Cicchetti A. , Noschese R. , Orosei R. , Pätzold M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe response of the Martian ionosphere to solar activity is analyzed by taking into account variations in a range of parameters during four phases of the solar cycle throughout 2005–2012. Multiple Mars Express data sets have been used (such as Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) in Active Ionospheric Sounding, MARSIS subsurface, and MaRS Radio Science), which currently cover more than 10 years of solar activity. The topside of the main ionospheric layer behavior is empirically modeled through the neutral scale height parameter, which describes the density distribution in altitude, and can be used as a dynamic monitor of the solar wind‐Martian plasma interaction, as well as of the medium's temperature. The main peak, the total electron content, and the relationship between the solar wind dynamic pressure and the maximum thermal pressure of the ionosphere with the solar cycle are assessed. We conclude that the neutral scale height was different in each phase of the solar cycle, having a large variation with solar zenith angle during the moderate‐ascending and high phases, while there is almost no variation during the moderate‐descending and low phases. Between end‐2007 and end‐2009, an almost permanent absence of secondary layer resulted because of the low level of solar X‐rays. Also, the ionosphere was more likely to be found in a more continuously magnetized state. The induced magnetic field from the solar wind, even if weak, could be strong enough to penetrate more than at other solar cycle phases.
Public injury prevention system in the Italian manufacturing sector: What types of inspection are more effective?
Authors: Farina Elena , Bena Antonella , Fedeli Ugo , Mastrangelo Giuseppe , Veronese Michela , Agnesi Roberto 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundLiterature suggests that more research is needed to clarify the effect of workplace inspections by governmental officers on injury rates. This paper aims to compare comprehensive and partial inspections in Italian manufacturing companies.MethodsSurvival analysis was applied to the period free from injuries following inspection by means of the Kaplan–Meier method and of Cox models.ResultsKaplan–Meier curves show that, compared to companies with a partial inspection, companies which had a comprehensive inspection had a higher survival through the entire period. Adjusting for confounders, the Cox model confirms a significant preventive effect of comprehensive inspection for companies with 10–30 employees, but not for those with >30 employees.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the effect on injuries is greater if all aspects of safety are addressed during the inspection instead of focusing on a single aspect. These findings are interesting because they can help in planning effective prevention activities. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:315–321, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Calcium Carbide: A Unique Reagent for Organic Synthesis and Nanotechnology
Authors: Rodygin Konstantin S. , Werner Georg , Kucherov Fedor A. , Ananikov Valentine P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAcetylene, HC≡CH, is one of the primary building blocks in synthetic organic and industrial chemistry. Several highly valuable processes have been developed based on this simplest alkyne and the development of acetylene chemistry has had a paramount impact on chemical science over the last few decades. However, in spite of numerous useful possible reactions, the application of gaseous acetylene in everyday research practice is rather limited. Moreover, the practical implementation of high‐pressure acetylene chemistry can be very challenging, owing to the risk of explosion and the requirement for complex equipment; special safety precautions need to be taken to store and handle acetylene under high pressure, which limit its routine use in a standard laboratory setup. Amazingly, recent studies have revealed that calcium carbide, CaC2, can be used as an easy‐to‐handle and efficient source of acetylene for in situ chemical transformations. Thus, calcium carbide is a stable and inexpensive acetylene precursor that is available on the ton scale and it can be handled with standard laboratory equipment. The application of calcium carbide in organic synthesis will bring a new dimension to the powerful acetylene chemistry.