bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forced Asset Sales and the Concentration of Outstanding Debt: Evidence from the Mortgage Market
Authors: FAVARA GIOVANNI , GIANNETTI MARIASSUNTA 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTWe provide evidence that lenders differ in their ex post incentives to internalize price‐default externalities associated with the liquidation of collateralized debt. Using the mortgage market as a laboratory, we conjecture that lenders with a large share of outstanding mortgages on their balance sheets internalize the negative spillovers associated with the liquidation of defaulting mortgages and thus are less inclined to foreclose. We provide evidence consistent with our conjecture. Arguably as a consequence, zip codes with a higher concentration of outstanding mortgages experience smaller house prices declines. These results are not driven by unobservable zip code or lender characteristics.
Color vision abnormality as the sole manifestation of posterior reversible encephalopathy due to post‐partum HELLP syndrome
Authors: Takahashi Hironori , Matsubara Teppei , Makino Shinji , Horie Kenji , Matsubara Shigeki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is associated with several symptoms; of those, visual acuity loss, light oversensitivity (photophobia), and light flashes (photopsia) are known as PRES‐related eye symptoms. We report a post‐partum woman with PRES associated with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome (HELLP), in whom color vision abnormality (achromatopsia) was the sole manifestation. Cesarean section was performed at 28 weeks due to headache, epigastralgia, and severe hypertension. HELLP became evident after delivery. On post‐partum day 1, she complained of achromatopsia, stating: “all things look brownish‐gray”. Ophthalmologic examination was normal, but brain magnetic resonance imaging showed occipital lobe lesions, indicative of PRES, and, interestingly, also color vision center (area V4) lesions, suggesting that the achromatopsia had been caused by brain damage. It may be prudent to question HELLP patients concerning achromatopsia.
Computer‐assisted technologies used in oral rehabilitation and the clinical documentation of alleged advantages – a systematic review
Authors: Jokstad A. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe objective of this systematic review is to identify current computer‐assisted technologies used for managing patients with a need to re‐establish craniofacial appearance, subjective discomfort and stomatognathic function, and the extent of their clinical documentation. Electronic search strategies were used for locating clinical studies in MEDLINE through PubMed and in the Cochrane library, and in the grey literature through searches on Google Scholar. The searches for commercial digital products for use in oral rehabilitation resulted in identifying 225 products per November 2016, used for patient diagnostics, communication and therapy purposes, and for other computer‐assisted applications in context with oral rehabilitation. About one‐third of these products were described in about 350 papers reporting from clinical human studies. The great majority of digital products for use in oral rehabilitation has no clinical documentation at all, while the products from a distinct minority of manufacturers have frequently appeared in more or less scientific reports. Moore's law apply also to digital dentistry, which predicts that the capacity of microprocessors will continue to become faster and with lower cost per performance unit, and innovative software programs will harness these improvements in performance. The net effect is the noticeable short product life cycle of digital products developed for use in oral rehabilitation and often lack of supportive clinical documentation. Nonetheless, clinicians must request clinically meaningful information about new digital products to assess net benefits for the patients or the dental professionals and not accept only technological verbiage as a basis for product purchases.
Melatonin and sirtuins: A “not‐so unexpected” relationship
Authors: Mayo Juan C. , Sainz Rosa M. , González Menéndez Pedro , Cepas Vanesa , Tan Dun‐Xian , Reiter Russel J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEpigenetic modifications, including methylation or acetylation as well as post‐transcriptional modifications, are mechanisms used by eukaryotic cells to increase the genome diversity in terms of differential gene expression and protein diversity. Among these modifying enzymes, sirtuins, a class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, are of particular importance. Sirtuins regulate the cell cycle, DNA repair, cell survival, and apoptosis, thus having important roles in normal and cancer cells. Sirtuins can also regulate metabolic pathways by changing preference for glycolysis under aerobic conditions as well as glutaminolysis. These actions make sirtuins a major target in numerous physiological processes as well as in other contexts such as calorie restriction‐induced anti‐aging, cancer, or neurodegenerative disease. Interestingly, melatonin, a nighttime‐produced indole synthesized by pineal gland and many other organs, has important cytoprotective effects in many tissues including aging, neurodegenerative diseases, immunomodulation, and cancer. The pleiotropic actions of melatonin in different physiological and pathological conditions indicate that may be basic cellular targeted for the indole. Thus, much research has focused attention on the potential mechanisms of the indole in modulating expression and/or activity of sirtuins. Numerous findings report a rise in activity, especially on SIRT1, in a diversity of cells and animal models after melatonin treatment. This contrasts, however, with data reporting an inhibitory effect of melatonin on this sirtuin in some tumor cells. This review tabulates and discusses the recent findings relating melatonin with sirtuins, particularly SIRT1 and mitochondrial SIRT3, showing the apparent dichotomy with the differential actions documented in normal and in cancer cells.
Changes in Serum Creatinine Concentration and Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Grade in Dogs Treated with Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 From 2013 to 2015
Authors: Sigrist N.E. , Kälin N. , Dreyfus A. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundHydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions may cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans.ObjectiveTo compare AKI grades in 94 dogs exposed and 90 dogs that were unexposed to 6% HES‐130/0.4.AnimalsDogs receiving 6% HES‐130/0.4 (HES cohort) or crystalloids (unexposed cohort) between 2013 and 2015.MethodsHistorical cohort study. Diagnosis, total cumulative dose and total mL/kg of HES administered, time frame of HES administration and serum creatinine concentrations up to 90 days after initiation of HES treatment were retrospectively reviewed. The AKI grades were retrospectively determined by IRIS guidelines.ResultsExposed dogs received a median cumulative dose of 69.4 mL/kg (range, 2–429 mL/kg) HES over a median of 4 (range, 1–16) days, resulting in a median dose of 20.7 (range, 2–87) mL/kg/d. Although the cohorts differed in terms of age and diagnosis, AKI grades were not significantly different at the evaluated short‐ and long‐term time points. Results of ordinal logistic regression identified the number of days of HES administration as significantly associated with an increase in AKI grade within 10 days (P = .038), whereas there was no significant association among HES exposure, HES mL/kg/d, and an increase in AKI grade.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHES‐130/0.4‐treated dogs were not more prone to develop AKI than HES‐untreated, but the number of HES days was significantly associated with an increase in AKI grade within 10 days post‐HES administration. The time frame of HES treatment should be kept short. Prospective, randomized clinical trials are required to assess the effect of HES on renal function in dogs.
Why wood density varies across communities
Authors: Swenson Nathan G. , Zambrano Jenny 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCommunities are the emergent outcome of individual‐level trait–environment interactions. In this issue of the Journal of Vegetation Science, Ibanez et al. utilize an impressive data set from New Caledonia to demonstrate how the interaction of climatic axes drives the distribution and diversity of wood density in tree communities. Here, we discuss their specific findings and their broader implications for trait‐based ecology.
A Prey‐Predator Model of Trade Union Density and Inequality in 12 Advanced Capitalisms over Long Periods
Authors: Chauvel Louis , Schröder Martin 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis article shows empirically how trade union membership and income inequality are mutually related in twelve countries over more than 100 years. While past research has shown that high income inequality occurs alongside low trade union membership, we show that past income inequality actually increases trade union membership with a time lag, as trade unions recruit more members after inequality has been high. But we also show that strengthened trade unions then fight inequality, thereby destroying what helped them to recruit new members in the past. As trade union density decreases, inequality increases and eventually re‐incentivises workers to join unions again. By showing this empirically, we reconceptualise the relationship between inequality and union density as a prey and predator model, where predators eat prey – unions destroy inequality, but thereby also destroy their own basis for survival. By empirically showing that trade union density and social inequality influence each other in this way over long periods, this article contributes to a dynamic approach on how social problems and social movements interact.
Do More of Those in Misery Suffer from Poverty, Unemployment or Mental Illness?
Authors: Flèche Sarah , Layard Richard 
Published: January 2017

SummaryStudies of deprivation usually ignore mental illness. This paper uses household panel data from the USA, Australia, Britain and Germany to broaden the analysis. We ask first how many of those in the lowest levels of life‐satisfaction suffer from unemployment, poverty, physical ill health, and mental illness. The largest proportion suffers from mental illness. Multiple regression shows that mental illness is not highly correlated with poverty or unemployment, and that it contributes more to explaining the presence of misery than is explained by either poverty or unemployment. This holds both with and without fixed effects.
Historical Prevalence of Infectious Diseases, Cultural Values, and the Origins of Economic Institutions
Authors: Nikolaev Boris , Salahodjaev Raufhon 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIt is widely believed that economic institutions such as competitive markets, the banking system, and the structure of property rights are essential for economic development. But why economic institutions vary across countries and what are their deep origins is still a question that is widely debated in the developmental economics literature. In this study, we provide an empirical test for the provocative hypothesis that the prevalence of infectious diseases influenced the formation of personality traits, cultural values, and even morality at the regional level (the so called Parasite‐ Stress Theory of Values and Sociality), which then shaped economic institutions across countries. Using the prevalence of pathogens as an instrument for cultural traits such as individualism, we show in a two‐stage least squares analysis that various economic institutions, measured by different areas of the index of Economic Freedom by the Heritage Foundation, have their deep origins in the historical prevalence of infectious diseases across countries. Our causal identification strategy suggests that cultural values affect economic institutions even after controlling for a number of confounding variables, geographic controls, and for different sub‐samples of countries. We further show that the results are robust to four alternative measures of economic and political institutions.
Are Left‐Wing Governments Really Pro‐Labor? An Empirical Investigation for Latin America
Authors: Vadlamannati Krishna Chaitanya , Tamazian Artur 
Published: January 2017

SummaryAre left‐wing governments in Latin America, as proclaimed by their leaders, really pro‐labor? It is often argued that left‐wing governments in Latin America have implemented pro‐labor policies. In this paper we put these claims to an empirical test using 37 aspects of de facto (practices) and de jure (laws) violations of labor rights. Using panel data on 26 Latin American and Caribbean countries during the period 1985–2002, we do not find any effect of left‐leaning chief executives on labor rights. While left‐leaning chief executives do legislate laws protecting labor rights, the enforcement of these laws is abysmally weak. Further evidence suggests that cohesive left‐wing governments are more likely to legislate laws protecting labor rights than diverse governments. These results are robust to alternative measures of ideology, estimation methods, and controlling for endogeneity. The policy implications suggest that irrespective of the political ideology, upholding labor rights in Latin America requires strengthening the enforcement capacity.
Lectin‐complement pathway molecules are decreased in patients with cirrhosis and constitute the risk of bacterial infections
Authors: Foldi Ildiko , Tornai Tamas , Tornai David , Sipeki Nora , Vitalis Zsuzsanna , Tornai Istvan , Dinya Tamas , Antal‐Szalmas Peter , Papp Maria 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsLectin pathway molecules of the complement system are synthesized by hepatocytes and have pivotal role in innate host defence against infectious organisms. Ficolins (FCNs) act as soluble pattern recognition molecules, while mannan‐binding lectin serine proteases(MASPs) do as effector molecules in elimination of pathogens. We aimed to study the significance of low level of these molecules in the development of cirrhosis‐associated bacterial infections, which has not been elucidated so far.MethodsSera of 266 stable outpatients with cirrhosis and 160 healthy subjects were assayed for a panel of lectin molecules (FCN‐2, FCN‐3 and MASP‐2) by ELISA. In cirrhosis, a 5‐year follow‐up observational study was conducted to assess a possible association between lectin levels and development of clinically significant bacterial infections(CSI).ResultsFCN‐2, FCN‐3 and MASP‐2 levels were significantly lower in cirrhosis compared to healthy subjects and decreased according to disease severity (P<.001 for all molecules). In Kaplan‐Meier analysis, development of CSI was associated with low level of FCN‐2 (<427 ng/mL, pLogRank=0.047) and FCN‐3 (<4857 ng/mL, pLogRank=0.029), but not with MASP‐2 deficiency (<100 ng/mL, pLogRank=0.306). Combined FCN deficiency was associated with increased risk of development of bacterial infections in a step‐wise manner. Patients with low level of both FCNs had higher cumulative probability of CSI (63.8%) compared to those with low level of one or normal FCN (52.7% and 45.7%, pLogRank=0.016). Neither FCN serum profile, nor MASP‐2 deficiency were associated with infection‐related mortality.ConclusionsLow level of FCNs associated with hepatic insufficiency might be considered as an additional constituent of cirrhosis‐associated immune dysfunction.
Low transferrin and high ferritin concentrations are associated with worse outcome in acute liver failure
Authors: Anastasiou Olympia E. , Kälsch Julia , Hakmouni Mahdi , Kucukoglu Ozlem , Heider Dominik , Korth Johannes , Manka Paul , Sowa Jan‐Peter , Bechmann Lars , Saner Fuat H. , Paul Andreas , Gerken Guido , Baba Hideo A. , Canbay Ali 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsSerum ferritin and transferrin have been identified as prognostic markers in patients with chronic diseases. In this study, we investigated if these parameters can predict outcome in patients with acute liver failure.MethodsA total of 102 consecutive patients with acute liver failure were retrospectively analysed. The patients were grouped by outcome: spontaneous recovery vs liver transplantation and/or death or survival vs death. Routine laboratory parameters, transferrin and ferritin concentrations in serum, and anthropomorphic data collected on admission were analysed.ResultsNon‐spontaneously recovering patients had higher ferritin (12 252±25 791 vs 4434.4±9027.2 μg/L; P<.05) and lower transferrin levels (140.4±66.7 vs 206.9±65.8 mg/dL; P<.05) than spontaneously recovering patients. Similarly non‐survivors exhibited higher serum ferritin and lower transferrin than non‐transplanted survivors. Patients with severe hepatic inflammation (A3) had higher ferritin levels compared to patients with mild‐moderate inflammation (A1‐2) (5280±5094 vs 2361±2737 μg/L; P=.025). ROC analysis of single parameters was performed in non‐transplanted patients, resulting in an area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity of 0.812%, 83.3%, and 77.1% for age, 0.871%, 84.1% and 75% for transferrin and 0.802%, 91.7% and 62.9% for ferritin. A model incorporating age, MELD and transferrin had the best predictive value with an area under the curve of 0.947, a sensitivity of 100% and corresponding specificity of 77.8%.ConclusionsHigh ferritin and low transferrin levels are associated with worse outcome in patients with acute liver failure. A model incorporating age, MELD score and transferrin outperformed MELD score for 90‐day overall survival of non‐transplanted patients.
Cognitive and behavioural strategies for self‐directed weight loss: systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Hartmann‐Boyce J. , Boylan A.‐M. , Jebb S. A. , Fletcher B. , Aveyard P. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryAimWe conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies to examine the strategies people employ as part of self‐directed weight loss attempts, map these to an existing behaviour change taxonomy and explore attitudes and beliefs surrounding these strategies.MethodsSeven electronic databases were searched in December 2015 for qualitative studies in overweight and obese adults attempting to lose weight through behaviour change. We were interested in strategies used by participants in self‐directed efforts to lose weight. Two reviewers extracted data from included studies. Thematic and narrative synthesis techniques were used.ResultsThirty one studies, representing over 1,000 participants, were included. Quality of the included studies was mixed. The most commonly covered types of strategies were restrictions, self‐monitoring, scheduling, professional support and weight management aids. With the exception of scheduling, for which participant experiences were predominantly positive, participants' attitudes and beliefs surrounding implementation of these groups of strategies were mixed. Two new groups of strategies were added to the existing taxonomy: reframing and self‐experimentation.ConclusionsThis review demonstrates that at present, interventions targeting individuals engaged in self‐management of weight do not necessarily reflect lived experiences of self‐directed weight loss.
OsCESA9 conserved‐site mutation leads to largely enhanced plant lodging resistance and biomass enzymatic saccharification by reducing cellulose DP and crystallinity in rice
Authors: Li Fengcheng , Xie Guosheng , Huang Jiangfeng , Zhang Ran , Li Yu , Zhang Miaomiao , Wang Yanting , Li Ao , Li Xukai , Xia Tao , Qu Chengcheng , Hu Fan , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Peng Liangcai 
Published: January 2017

SummaryGenetic modification of plant cell walls has been posed to reduce lignocellulose recalcitrance for enhancing biomass saccharification. Since cellulose synthase (CESA) gene was first identified, several dozen CESA mutants have been reported, but almost all mutants exhibit the defective phenotypes in plant growth and development. In this study, the rice (Oryza sativa) Osfc16 mutant with substitutions (W481C, P482S) at P‐CR conserved site in CESA9 shows a slightly affected plant growth and higher biomass yield by 25%–41% compared with wild type (Nipponbare, a japonica variety). Chemical and ultrastructural analyses indicate that Osfc16 has a significantly reduced cellulose crystallinity (CrI) and thinner secondary cell walls compared with wild type. CESA co‐IP detection, together with implementations of a proteasome inhibitor (MG132) and two distinct cellulose inhibitors (Calcofluor, CGA), shows that CESA9 mutation could affect integrity of CESA4/7/9 complexes, which may lead to rapid CESA proteasome degradation for low‐DP cellulose biosynthesis. These may reduce cellulose CrI, which improves plant lodging resistance, a major and integrated agronomic trait on plant growth and grain production, and enhances biomass enzymatic saccharification by up to 2.3‐fold and ethanol productivity by 34%–42%. This study has for the first time reported a direct modification for the low‐DP cellulose production that has broad applications in biomass industries.
Differential response of Scots pine seedlings to variable intensity and ratio of red and far‐red light
Authors: Razzak Abdur , Ranade Sonali Sachin , Strand Åsa , García‐Gil M. R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe investigated the response to increasing intensity of red (R) and far‐R (FR) light and to a decrease in R:FR ratio inPinus sylvestrisL. (Scots pine) seedling. The results showed that FR high‐irradiance response for hypocotyl elongation may be present in Scots pine and that this response is enhanced by increasing light intensity. However, both hypocotyl inhibition and pigment accumulation were more strongly affected by the R light compared with FR light. This is in contrast to previous reports inArabidopsis thaliana(L.) Heynh. In the angiosperm,A. thalianaR light shows an overall milder effect on inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and on pigment biosynthesis compared with FR suggesting conifers and angiosperms respond very differently to the different light regimes. Scots pine shade avoidance syndrome with longer hypocotyls, shorter cotyledons and lower chlorophyll content in response to shade conditions resembles the response observed inA. thaliana. However, anthocyanin accumulation increased with shade in Scots pine, which again differs from what is known in angiosperms. Overall, the response of seedling development and physiology to R and FR light in Scots pine indicates that the regulatory mechanism for light response may differ between gymnosperms and angiosperms.