bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wearable network for multilevel physical fatigue prediction in manufacturing workers
Authors: Mohapatra Payal , Aravind Vasudev , Bisram Marisa , Lee Young-Joong , Jeong Hyoyoung , Jinkins Katherine , Gardner Richard , Streamer Jill , Bowers Brent , Cavuoto Lora , Banks Anthony , Xu Shuai , Rogers John , Cao Jian , Zhu Qi , Guo Ping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Manufacturing workers face prolonged strenuous physical activities, impacting both financial aspects and their health due to work-related fatigue. Continuously monitoring physical fatigue and providing meaningful feedback is crucial to mitigating human and monetary losses in manufacturing workplaces. This study introduces a novel application of multimodal wearable sensors and machine learning techniques to quantify physical fatigue and tackle the challenges of real-time monitoring on the factory floor. Unlike past studies that view fatigue as a dichotomous variable, our central formulation revolves around the ability to predict multilevel fatigue, providing a more nuanced understanding of the subject’s physical state. Our multimodal sensing framework is designed for continuous monitoring of vital signs, including heart rate, heart rate variability, skin temperature, and more, as well as locomotive signs by employing inertial motion units strategically placed at six locations on the upper body. This comprehensive sensor placement allows us to capture detailed data from both the torso and arms, surpassing the capabilities of single-point data collection methods. We developed an innovative asymmetric loss function for our machine learning model, which enhances prediction accuracy for numerical fatigue levels and supports real-time inference. We collected data on 43 subjects following an authentic manufacturing protocol and logged their self-reported fatigue. Based on the analysis, we provide insights into our multilevel fatigue monitoring system and discuss results from an in-the-wild evaluation of actual operators on the factory floor. This study demonstrates our system’s practical applicability and contributes a valuable open-access database for future research.
Artificial intelligence in food and nutrition evidence: The challenges and opportunities
Authors: Bailey Regan L , MacFarlane Amanda J , Field Martha S , Tagkopoulos Ilias , Baranzini Sergio E , Edwards Kristen M , Rose Christopher J , Schork Nicholas J , Singhal Akshat , Wallace Byron C , Fisher Kelly P , Markakis Konstantinos , Stover Patrick J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Science-informed decisions are best guided by the objective synthesis of the totality of evidence around a particular question and assessing its trustworthiness through systematic processes. However, there are major barriers and challenges that limit science-informed food and nutrition policy, practice, and guidance. First, insufficient evidence, primarily due to acquisition cost of generating high-quality data, and the complexity of the diet-disease relationship. Furthermore, the sheer number of systematic reviews needed across the entire agriculture and food value chain, and the cost and time required to conduct them, can delay the translation of science to policy. Artificial intelligence offers the opportunity to (i) better understand the complex etiology of diet-related chronic diseases, (ii) bring more precision to our understanding of the variation among individuals in the diet-chronic disease relationship, (iii) provide new types of computed data related to the efficacy and effectiveness of nutrition/food interventions in health promotion, and (iv) automate the generation of systematic reviews that support timely decisions. These advances include the acquisition and synthesis of heterogeneous and multimodal datasets. This perspective summarizes a meeting convened at the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The purpose of the meeting was to examine the current state and future potential of artificial intelligence in generating new types of computed data as well as automating the generation of systematic reviews to support evidence-based food and nutrition policy, practice, and guidance.
Surface-active microrobots can propel through blood faster than inert microrobots
Authors: Wu Chenjun , Omori Toshihiro , Ishikawa Takuji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Microrobots that can move through a network of blood vessels have promising medical applications. Blood contains a high volume fraction of blood cells, so in order for a microrobot to move through the blood, it must propel itself by rearranging the surrounding blood cells. However, swimming form effective for propulsion in blood is unknown. This study shows numerically that a surface-active microrobot, such as a squirmer, is more efficient in moving through blood than an inert microrobot. This is because the surface velocity of the microrobot steers the blood cells laterally, allowing them to propel themselves into the hole they are digging. When the microrobot size is comparable to a red blood cell or when the microrobot operates under a low Capillary number, the puller microrobot swims faster than the pusher microrobot. The trend reverses under considerably smaller microrobot sizes or high Capillary number scenarios. Additionally, the swimming speed is strongly dependent on the hematocrit and magnetic torque used to control the microrobot orientation. A comparative analysis between the squirmer and Janus squirmer models underscores the extensive applicability of the squirmer model. The obtained results provide new insight into the design of microrobots propelled efficiently through blood, paving the way for innovative medical applications.
Wealth Taxation and Household Saving: Evidence from Assessment Discontinuities in Norway
Authors: Ring Marius A K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Neither theory nor existing empirical evidence support the notion that wealth taxation reduces saving. Theoretically, the effect is ambiguous due to opposing income and substitution effects. Empirically, the effect may be masked by misreporting responses. Using geographic discontinuities in the Norwegian annual net-wealth tax and third-party-reported data on savings, I find that wealth taxation causes households to save more. Each additional NOK of wealth tax increases annual net financial saving by 3.76, implying that households increase saving enough to offset both current and future wealth taxes. This positive effect on saving is primarily financed by increases in labour earnings. These responses are the combination of small negative effects of increasing the marginal tax rates and larger positive effects of increasing average rates. My findings imply that income effects may dominate substitution effects in household responses to rate-of-return shocks, which has implications for both optimal taxation and macroeconomic modelling.
Identifying and supporting vaccine champions in pediatric primary care: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Kong Wei Yi , Heisler-MacKinnon Jennifer , Oh Nul Loren , McKeithen Mary Catharine , Stalford Samantha R , Brennan Meghan B , Shea Christopher M , Liu Amy , Gottfredson O’Shea Nisha , Ozawa Sachiko , Brewer Noel T , Gilkey Melissa B 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Implementation science research identifies clinical champions as instrumental in aligning healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) behavior with practice guidelines for delivering health services, including vaccinations. However, we know relatively little about identifying or supporting champions. To characterize who vaccine champions are, what they do, and how to support their work in pediatric primary care. In 2022, we interviewed a purposive sample of peer-nominated or self-identified vaccine champions (n=20) and HCPs who worked with vaccine champions (n=4). We thematically analyzed qualitative data. Vaccine champions’ defining characteristics were firsthand primary care experience, whether as providers or nursing staff, and a strong belief in vaccinations as uniquely effective tools for primary prevention. Participants noted these beliefs were “part of the DNA” of specialties like pediatrics and infectious disease, where they perceived champions as especially common. Being “insatiable in their quest for knowledge,” champions primarily conceptualized their role as understanding and sharing complex information and performance metric data related to vaccine administration. Champions’ role in leading other implementation strategies, such as communication training, was more peripheral. Champions reported that dedicated time and staff support helped them “go above and beyond” to improve vaccination rates. Our findings suggest that vaccine champions can be found among providers and nursing staff with deep clinical experience and commitment to primary prevention through vaccination, including through providing vaccine education to colleagues. Healthcare systems can allocate resources to support champions as educators, while exploring opportunities to extend their role in other implementation strategies to improve vaccination rates.
A Measurement of Aggregate Trade Restrictions and Their Economic Effects
Authors: Estefania-Flores Julia , Furceri Davide , Hannan Swarnali A , Ostry Jonathan D , Rose Andrew K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study develops a new Measure of Aggregate Trade Restrictions (MATR) using data from the IMF's Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions. MATR is a measure of direct and indirect official government policy related to the international flow of goods and services. MATR is simple, plausible, quantitative, easily updated, based on relevant measures of trade policy and other international restrictions affecting trade (e.g., payment restrictions), and covers an unbalanced sample of up to 157 countries from 1949 to 2019. MATR is strongly correlated with, and—importantly—more comprehensive, in terms of country and time coverage, than existing measures of de jure openness; it is also granular. As such, MATR empowers empirical analysis to increase coverage in research related to trade restrictions and other trade-related openness policies. MATR is used in the study to show that direct and indirect restrictions to trade are associated with significant contractions in output.
Selectivity as discrimination: lessons from the case law on fiscal measures for identifying State aid
Authors: McMahon Christopher 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Article 107(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union was originally designed to regulate the grant of subsidies by Member States, but it has been applied increasingly in recent years to regulate tax measures. Attempts to apply the State aid rules in this way have been met with controversy as they have been applied in unpredictable ways that have introduced significant changes to the existing tests in the case law for identifying State aid. These changes include a broader interpretation of the concept of selectivity, one of the criteria used to identify aid, which has been reoriented around the discrimination standard, whereby a measure is selective if it differentiates between categories of undertakings without being capable of justification by some legitimate public policy objective. Most controversially, this has facilitated the enforcement of the State aid rules against a wider range of State interventions. This article argues that the discrimination standard represents the most plausible and effective way of understanding selectivity among the alternative tests which have been proposed in the case law and academic literature. However, it goes on to identify a significant deficiency in the discrimination standard in the manner in which it is currently applied by the Union courts. The test inevitably requires certain value judgments to be made, but these are not made explicit by the existing case law. This article then proceeds to give further reflections on options for the refinement of the framework for assessing selectivity based on the discrimination standard and the existing logic of the case law and the objectives of the State aid control regime, which indicates how principled and coherent boundaries to the notion of State aid might be assessed in an individual case.
Sestrin2 serves as a scaffold protein to maintain cardiac energy and metabolic homeostasis during pathological stress
Authors: Seale Blaise , Slotabec Lily , Nguyen Jennie D. , Wang Hao , Patterson Cory , Filho Fernanda , Rouhi Nadiyeh , Adenawoola Michael I. , Li Ji 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metabolic imbalances and pathological stress often contribute to increased mortality. Sestrin2 (Sesn2) is a stress‐inducible protein crucial in maintaining cardiac energy and metabolic homeostasis under pathological conditions. Sesn2 is upregulated in response to various stressors, including oxidative stress, hypoxia, and energy depletion, and mediates multiple cellular pathways to enhance antioxidant defenses, promote autophagy, and inhibit inflammation. This review explores the mechanisms through which Sesn2 regulates these pathways, focusing on the AMPK‐mTORC1, Sesn2‐Nrf2, and HIF1α‐Sesn2 pathways, among others. We can identify the potential therapeutic targets for treating CVDs and related metabolic disorders by comprehending these complex mechanisms. Sesn2's unique ability to respond thoroughly to metabolic challenges, oxidative stress, and inflammation makes it a promising prospect for enhancing cardiac health and resilience against pathological stress.
Video Review Can Measure Surgical Robotic Skill Development in a Resident Robotic Hernia Curriculum: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hays Sarah B. , Al Abbas Amr I. , Kuchta Kristine , Rojas Aram , Ramirez Barriga Melissa , Mehdi Syed Abbas , Haggerty Stephen , Hedberg H. Mason , Linn John , Talamonti Mark , Hogg Melissa E. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Hernia repairs are one of the most common general surgery procedures and an essential part of training for general surgery residents. The widespread incorporation of robotic hernia repairs warrants the development of a procedure-specific robotic curriculum to assist novice surgeons in improving technical skills.

Objective:
To evaluate a robotic hernia simulation-based curriculum for general surgery residents using video review.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study of PGY-3 general surgery residents from the University of Chicago from 2019 to 2021. The residents completed inguinal hernia repair (IHR) and ventral hernia repair (VHR) drills as part of a robotic simulation curriculum. The drills were recorded and graded according to the modified objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) and time to completion. The drills were completed by 3 attending surgeons to establish gold-standard benchmarks.

Results:
In total, 20 residents started the curriculum, 19 completed all IHR drills and 17 completed all VHR drills. Attending surgeon total OSATS scores and time to completion were significantly better than the trainees on the first attempt (P < 0.05). When comparing 1st to 4th attempt, resident OSATS scores improved significantly for IHR (15.5 vs 23.3; P < 0.001) and VHR (16.8 vs 23.3; P < 0.001). Time also improved over 4 attempts (IHR: 28.5 vs 20.5 minutes; P < 0.001 and VHR: 29.6 vs 21.2 minutes; P < 0.001). Residents achieved attending-level OSATS scores by their fourth attempt for VHR, but not for IHR. Residents did not achieve attending-level times for either hernia drills.

Conclusions:
The robotic hernia curriculum improved resident performance on hernia repair drills and was well-received by the residents.
Thoracolumbar Sagittal Morphology and Segmental Inclination
Authors: Qiu Weipeng , Sun Zhuoran , Zhou Siyu , Chen Zimu , Han Gengyu , Zou Da , Zhao Yi , Chen Ze , Qi Qiang , Li Weishi 
Published: October 2024

Study Design.
A cross-sectional cohort study.

Objective.
To present a normative value reference of spinal segmental inclination stratified by age and pelvic incidence (PI), and to clarify the impact of segmental inclination on spinal sagittal morphology.

Summary of Background Data.
Thoracolumbar segmental inclination has been shown to correlate with the clinical outcomes of adult spinal deformity surgery. However, there currently exists no normative value reference in a large sample of asymptomatic population.

Methods.
Asymptomatic adult volunteers were enrolled from the community. All volunteers underwent a standing full-spine anteroposterior and lateral radiograph. Lumbar tilt (LT) and thoracic tilt (TT) were measured to quantify the segmental inclination of the lumbar and thoracic spine. Regional curvature, global balance and thoracolumbar apex were analyzed across different age and PI groups. The correlation between sagittal parameters and age was analyzed using Pearson correlation tests.

Results.
A total of 618 volunteers were included with a mean age of 38.7 ± 17.1 years (range 18 to 82 y). As age increased, the LT and TT significantly increased (P<0.001). The LT was significantly correlated with PI (r=0.410, P<0.001), with the low PI group exhibiting a greater negative LT. The TT remained constant across different PI groups. Compared to the young and middle-age groups, the thoracic apex and lumbar apex were located more caudally in the elderly group (P<0.001). Subjects with a more caudal lumbar apex exhibited a greater negative LT, and those with a more caudal thoracic apex exhibited a greater positive TT.

Conclusion.
The thoracic spine naturally adapts to a relatively neutral position, yet it tends to tilt forward with aging. The physiological lumbar inclination is predominantly determined by the PI value with a slight backward tilt, and tends to counteract the anterior truncal inclination with advanced age. Physiological segmental inclination should be considered in spinal surgical planning.
Cinnamon potential in alleviating early postmenopause symptoms: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Refaei Mansoureh , Karami Zahra , Kazemi Farideh , Moradkhani Shirin , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra , Jenabi Ensieh , Jafari Mobina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Menopause is a substantial physical, mental, and emotional transition in a woman's life. Most women suffer symptoms during menopause, impacting their quality of life for a decade or more. This study aimed to determine the effect of cinnamon on the severity of postmenopause symptoms.

Methods
A randomized, triple-blind, parallel clinical trial was conducted on 60 postmenopausal women in the health centers of Hamadan, Iran. The study included women aged 45 to 60 years who were 1 to 3 years after their last menstrual period. The participants were assigned to two groups using a permuted block randomization method. The intervention group received a daily dose of one cinnamon capsule (1 g) for 2 months, whereas the control group received a placebo. The participants, researchers, and statistical analysts were all blinded. The study measured the severity of menopause symptoms using the Menopause Rating Scale before and 2 months later. Data were analyzed using Stata-13 software.

Results
Data from 59 individuals were analyzed. The analyses were adjusted for baseline Menopause Rating Scale scores. After the intervention, the severity of menopause symptoms was lower in the intervention group (13.95 ± 4.16) compared to the control group (16.64 ± 4.16) (P = 0.01), with an effect size of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.12-1.17). Additionally, the intervention group had lower scores for psychological symptoms compared to the control group (P = 0.006), with an effect size of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.21-1.27).

Conclusions
The consumption of cinnamon in postmenopausal women has been found to improve the severity of menopause symptoms, with a particular emphasis on the psychological domain.
Simultaneous Robot-assisted Lipoabdominoplasty and Cholecystectomy
Authors: Borisenko Anastasiya S. , Sharobaro Valentin I. , Vetshev Fedor P. , Avdeev Alexey E. , Bilyalov Ildar R. , Ahmed Alsheikh Yousif M. 
Published: October 2024

Summary:
In the current era of advanced technologies, robotic surgery is rapidly evolving. New articles are emerging on the use of robots in general surgery, urology, and oncology, with single cases in maxillofacial surgery. In this article, we describe the successful use of robotic techniques for simultaneously performing suturing repair of the diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscles, aesthetic correction of the anterior abdominal wall with lipoabdominoplasty, and cholecystectomy. That, according to our knowledge, has not ever been done before.
Prevalence and Association of Deep Vein Thrombosis on Clinical Outcomes Among COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Zhang Vicky , Collins Michael Dylan , Rubens Muni , Saxena Anshul , Ramamoorthy Venkataraghavan , Roy Mukesh , Appunni Sandeep , Doke Mayur , Khosla Atulya Aman , McGranaghan Peter , Chaparro Sandra , Jimenez Javier 
Published: October 2024

Background
Studies have shown that COVID-19 could lead coagulation defects, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. In this study, we sought to estimate the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) among COVID-19 hospitalizations and its effects on hospital outcomes using a large administrative database.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of the 2020 California State Inpatient Database. All hospitalizations ≥18 years and primary diagnosis of COVID-19 were included and were stratified into those with and without DVT. The main outcomes of the study were in-hospital mortality, prolonged length of stay, vasopressor use, mechanical ventilation, and intensive care unit admission.

Results
We included a total of 94,114 primary COVID-19 hospitalizations for the analysis. Among them, 1575 (1.7%) had DVT. After adjusting for covariates, regression analysis showed that those with DVT had significantly greater odds for mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.07–2.65), prolonged length of stay (aOR, 3.51; 95% CI, 3.16–3.91), vasopressor use (aOR, 4.23; 95% CI, 3.78–4.74), mechanical ventilation (aOR, 2.90; 95% CI, 2.38–3.53), and intensive care unit admission (aOR, 4.32; 95% CI, 3.85–4.84).

Conclusions
In our cohort, though only a few COVID-19 hospitalizations had DVT, the risk for adverse outcome was significantly higher. Therefore, healthcare providers should promptly monitor for DVT among COVID-19 patients and manage it promptly.
Collaboration to Remove Barriers to Pump Integration With the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Romp Celeste R. , Ross Lori , Baucom Sabrina , Dalmolin Breanna K. , Chang Catherine 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The Institute for Safe Medication Practices and The Joint Commission recommend the implementation of bidirectional smart infusion pump interoperability with the electronic health record (EHR) to improve medication safety. However, there are barriers associated with implementation of this process.

Purpose:
The purpose of this process improvement project was to identify, evaluate, and implement improvements in pump integration with the EHR to decrease manual programming and increase the use of the smart pump functions (the dose error reduction system or infusion guardrails).

Methods:
A medication safety task force was formed, and end users were surveyed for barriers. The task force found and implemented solutions to improve the process.

Results:
Infusion pump integration rates for seven hospitals improved from 79.4% to 91.8% (p < .001), and the use of smart pump programming increased from 84.7% to 93.6%.

Conclusions:
Including all stakeholders in the project allowed barriers to be identified and solutions to be implemented. As more healthcare systems implement technology-related processes to improve patient safety, this work can guide medication safety teams on how to optimize technology use by removing barriers to the use of pump integration with the EHR.