bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Promoting and Impeding Diversification of Forestry Resource-based Livelihoods in the Leh Himalaya of Ladakh Union Territory, India
Authors: Khan F.A. Shah , Islam M.A. , Gatoo A.A. , Bhat G.M. , Parrey A.A. , Bakshi M.R. , Atta Ummar , Chandramolly  
Published: September 2024

Livelihood diversification through strengthening forestry resource-based interventions is an effective strategy for poverty alleviation and socioeconomic upliftment for downtrodden people. The study investigated the promoting and impeding factors that are crucial for the diversification of forestry resource-based livelihoods in Leh Himalaya of Ladakh Union Territory. The study is based on personal interviews with the selected 185 respondents through a structured interview schedule and non-participant observations carried out in the 9 sample villages of 5 blocks using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, average, and simple ranking technique, were used to analyze the data. The findings based on their weighted mean score (WMS) and percentage score (PS) revealed that among the factors promoting the diversification of forestry resource-based livelihoods, forest resource self-sufficiency (WMS-1.98, PS-12.28%) was perceived as the most effective, while utilization of free time (WMS-0.73, PS-4.53%) was considered the least effective. Conversely, the most effective impeding factor for the diversification of forestry resource-based livelihoods considered among the people was labor-intensive and less remunerative livelihoods (WMS-1.96, PS-11.80%), while lack of cold storage facilities (WMS-0.74, PS-4.46%) was opined as the least effective. The insights into the promoting and impeding factors for diversification of forestry-based livelihoods highlighted in the study will be the basis for the planning and implementation of forestry programmes for forestry resource production and livelihood diversification in the Leh district of Ladakh. To make forestry-based livelihoods sustainable and reduce vulnerability, the prominent promoting and impeding factors must be exploited efficiently.
Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanolic Extract of the Seed of Flacourtia jangomas against \(ccl_4\) -Induced Liver Damage in Rat Model
Authors: Prottasha Mafruza Khanam , Haq Kashfa , Nafsan Md Navid Rahman , Shawon Somaya Jannat , Rahmat Sara 
Published: September 2024

Background: Hepatotoxicity is a serious global concern caused by the increased use of non-pharmacological substances and drugs. There are numerous medications available to treat this condition, the most well-known of which being silymarin. Although few, silymarin has certain adverse effects, which is why many are looking for alternatives, and medicinal plants may be a viable option. According to studies, Flacourtia jangomas has the potential to scavenge free radicals among therapeutic plants. We carried out this research to determine the hepatoprotective effects of an ethanolic extract of Flacourtia jangomas seeds.
Methods: The experiment used 45 rats divided into 9 groups of five each. 25 of them developed hepatotoxicity as a result of regular CCl4 administration. One of the groups was the disease control group, while the other four were given their respective treatments. The treatment groups received 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg of Flacourtia jangomas seed extract, respectively. After 28 days of treatment, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were obtained to assess several parameters.
Results: Based on the result of the tests, all of the abnormal levels of serum glutamate oxidoacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), creatinine, urea, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG) were restored to normal levels in a dose-dependent manner, but a high dose in the case of SGPT and creatinine, and a medium and high dose in the case of urea, HDL, LDL, and TG were required to significantly restore the abnormal level with 95% confidence intervals.
Discussion: This study provides evidence that Flacourtia jangomas seed extract has the ability to provide hepatoprotection by acting as a free radical scavenger, possibly due to the presence of components like flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins.
Conclusion: As the seed of Flacourtia jangomas has the potential to exhibit hepatoprotective activity, intensive research is needed to isolate the genuine therapeutic compounds utilizing hydrophilic and hydrophobic solvents and introduce novel compounds to the disease management system.
A proposal on the study of solar‐terrestrial coupling processes with atmospheric radars and ground‐based observation network
Authors: Tsuda Toshitaka , Yamamoto Mamoru , Hashiguchi Hiroyuki , Shiokawa Kazuo , Ogawa Yasunobu , Nozawa Satonori , Miyaoka Hiroshi , Yoshikawa Akimasa 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe solar energy can mainly be divided into two categories: the solar radiation and the solar wind. The former maximizes at the equator, generating various disturbances over a wide height range and causing vertical coupling processes of the atmosphere between the troposphere and middle and upper atmospheres by upward propagating atmospheric waves. The energy and material flows that occur in all height regions of the equatorial atmosphere are named as “Equatorial Fountain.” These processes from the bottom also cause various space weather effects, such as satellite communication and Global Navigation Satellite System positioning. While, the electromagnetic energy and high‐energy plasma particles in the solar wind converge into the polar region through geomagnetic fields. These energy/particle inflow results in auroral Joule heating and ion drag of the atmosphere particularly during geomagnetic storms and substorms. The ion outflow from the polar ionosphere controls ambient plasma constituents in the magnetosphere and may cause long‐term variation of the atmosphere. We propose to clarify these overall coupling processes in the solar‐terrestrial system from the bottom and from above through high‐resolution observations at key latitudes in the equator and in the polar region. We will establish a large radar with active phased array antenna, called the Equatorial Middle and Upper atmosphere radar, in west Sumatra, Indonesia. We will participate in construction of the EISCAT_3D radar in northern Scandinavia. These radars will enhance the existing international radar network. We will also develop a global observation network of compact radio and optical remote sensing equipment from the equator to polar region.
Stabilization for Switched LPV Systems with Markovian Jump Parameters and Its Application
Authors: Yang Dong , Zhao Jun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the stabilization problem for a class of switched linear parameter‐varying (LPV) systems with Markovian jump parameters whose transition rate is completely unknown, or only its estimated value is known. Firstly, a new criterion for testing the stochastic stability of such systems is established. Then, using the multiple parameter‐dependent Lyapunov function method, we design a parameter‐dependent state‐feedback controller for individual switched LPV subsystem to guarantee stochastic stability of the closed‐loop switched LPV systems with Markovian jump parameters under uncertain transition rates. Finally, as an application of the proposed design method, the stabilization problem of a turbofan‐engine which cannot be handled by the existing methods is investigated.
A Study on Cooperative Voltage and Frequency Control Method Using Distributed Generations Considering Large Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: SHIOHARA YUSUKE , TSUJI TAKAO , OYAMA TSUTOMU , SHINJI TAKAO , TADOKORO MASAYUKI 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYIn order to solve energy and environmental issues, the introduction of photovoltaics (PVs) has been progressed in recent years. Due to the uncertain PV output fluctuation depending on the weather conditions, the proper frequency management becomes an important issue when a large amount of PVs are included in power systems. On the other hand, since the voltage increase in the end of feeder lines can be caused by the reverse power flow in distribution systems with PVs, it is needed to enhance the voltage controllability. When gas engine generators are included in distribution systems, they can contribute to both frequency and voltage control issues. However, the coordination between those control purposes will be another problem because the frequency and voltage controls have interactions each other. Hence, in this paper, we developed a distributed frequency control method taking into account the voltage constraint in distribution systems.
A Role for Focal Adhesion Kinase in the Stimulation of Glucose Transport in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Viglino Christelle , Montessuit Christophe 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTStimulation of glucose transport is markedly impaired in cardiomyocytes exposed to free fatty acids (FFA), despite relative preservation of canonical insulin‐ or metabolic stress signaling. We determined whether Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) activity is required for stimulation of glucose transport in cardiomyocytes, and whether FAK downregulation participates in FFA‐induced impairment of glucose transport stimulation. Glucose transport, measured in isolated cultured cardiomyocytes, was acutely stimulated either by insulin treatment, or by metabolic inhibition with oligomycin resulting in AMP‐activated kinase (AMPK) activation. FAK activity was inhibited pharmacologically by preincubation with PF‐573,228 (PF). FAK activity was assessed from its autophosphorylation on residue Y397, and from the phosphorylation of its target paxillin on Y118. Y397 FAK phosphorylation was reduced in cultured cardiomyocytes chronically exposed to FFA. Preincubation with PF prior to determination of glucose transport resulted in a significant reduction of oligomycin‐stimulated glucose transport, with a lesser reduction in insulin‐stimulated glucose transport. Insulin and AMPK signaling was unaffected by PF preincubation. siRNA‐mediated FAK knockdown also resulted in reduced oligomycin‐stimulated glucose transport. Chronic treatment of FFA‐exposed cardiomyocytes with phenylephrine or a phorbol ester restored FAK activity and improved glucose transport. In conclusion, stimulation of glucose transport in cardiomyocytes requires FAK activity prior to stimulation. The chronic reduction of FAK activity in cardiomyocytes exposed to FFA contributes to the loss of glucose transport responsiveness to insulin or metabolic inhibition. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 670–677, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strain‐ and torsion‐induced resonance energy tuning of Raman scattering in single‐wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Nikolić Božidar , Damnjanović Milan , Milošević Ivanka 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRaman excitation profiles for homogeneously deformed single‐walled carbon nanotubes are calculated and systematically analyzed. A number of attractive and apparent effects significant in designing electromechanical devices are caused by torsion and uniaxial strain. The shift of radial breathing mode (RBM) phonon energies due to deformation is negligible. The linear dependence of electronic transition energy shift on deformation is confirmed and it is found that the slope of it is strongly related to the chiral angle of the tube. It is also shown that for some tubes the transition energy shift covers the entire visible‐light interval, making them perfectly tunable light absorbers. Two types of deformation are compared, a relaxed (slow) deformation and an adiabatic (fast) one. It is found that transition energies are more sensitive to adiabatic deformation, which can be useful for optomechanical device designing.Raman excitation profile of a (9,9) nanotube under torsion.
Riding the Wave of Monodentate Ligand Revival: From the A/B Concept to Noncovalent Interactions
Authors: Pignataro Luca , Gennari Cesare 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe rediscovery of chiral monodentate ligands made in the period 1999–2003 had important consequences in enantioselective transition‐metal catalysis, such as the introduction of the A/B concept (i.e., use of monodentate ligand mixtures) and, later, a renewed interest in supramolecular ligands capable of ligand–ligand and ligand–substrate interactions. This Personal Account summarizes the contributions made by our research group in this area in the period 2004–2015, which reflect the abovementioned developments. Within this area, we introduced some original concepts, such as 1) the use of chiral tropos ligand mixtures; 2) the development of new strategies to maximize heterocomplex formation from combinations of simple monodentate ligands; 3) the investigation of new ligand–ligand interactions to achieve selective heterocomplex formation; and 4) the development of highly efficient and synthetically accessible supramolecular ligands.
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Number of lymph nodes dissected in colorectal cancer and probability of positive nodes, angiolymphatic/perineural invasion, and intracellular mucin in a referral service
Authors: Frasson Murilo Zomer , Kock Kaiser S. , Monteiro Letícia F. , Romagna Jonas V. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAmong the malignancies, colorectal cancer ranks fourth in incidence in Brazil. The main prognostic measure is related to the amount of affected lymph nodes. Thus, many studies try to correlate the number of extracted lymph nodes, with the probability of obtaining positive nodes.Study objectives Determine whether dissection ≥12 lymph nodes increases probability of finding neoplastic involvement in relation to resection of fewer. Assess the presence of angiolymphatic invasion; perineural and intracelluar mucin and correlate it with tumor differentiation and TNM classification. Correlate the average of positive nodes with angiolymphatic and perineural involvement.Methods Pathological reports of patients operated for CRC from 1997 to 2013 were analyzed. A probability (p) less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.Results Median of lymph nodes sent to analysis was 12 nodes. Average number of lymph nodes affected was higher when a number ≥12 lymph nodes were dissected (p = 0.001) (Kruskal–Wallis). There was positive association between average of affected lymph nodes and presence of angiolymphatic (p < 0.0001) or perineural invasion (p = 0.024). Angiolymphatic and intracellular mucin are less present in well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. Perineural and angiolymphatic were more present in T4 stages.Conclusions Dissection ≥12 lymph nodes increases chances of finding positive nodes. There is relation between angiolymphatic invasion; perineural and intracellular mucin and type of tumor differentiation, as well as TNM classification. Average number of lymph nodes affected was higher in presence of perineural or angiolymphatic invasion.
Volume/area scaling of glaciers and ice caps and their longitudinal profiles
Authors: FARAONI VALERIO 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTEmpirical data on the volume/area scaling of glaciers and ice caps are compared with theoretical models of longitudinal glacier profiles. Ice caps are described well by theoretical solutions of the differential equations modeling longitudinal profiles, but glaciers for which the surface slope is approximated by the ice thickness divided by the length are not. A power-law profile recently derived analytically, reproduces exactly the thickness-length scaling, first predicted by scaling analysis for ice caps.
INTEGRATION AND CELL DECOMPOSITION IN P-MINIMAL STRUCTURES
Authors: KOVACSICS PABLO CUBIDES , LEENKNEGT EVA 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe show that the class of ${\cal L}$-constructible functions is closed under integration for any P-minimal expansion of a p-adic field $\left( {K,{\cal L}} \right)$. This generalizes results previously known for semi-algebraic and subanalytic structures. As part of the proof, we obtain a weak version of cell decomposition and function preparation for P-minimal structures, a result which is independent of the existence of Skolem functions. A direct corollary is that Denef’s results on the rationality of Poincaré series hold in any P-minimal expansion of a p-adic field $\left( {K,{\cal L}} \right)$.
Flight simulation in the Royal Air Force in the Second World War
Authors: Rolfe J. M. , Bolton M. 
Published: July 2016

The approach taken by this examination of flight simulation in the RAF in the Second World War reflects the fact that one author is an engineer and the other a psychologist. As a consequence the paper not only attempts to examine the technology that was established to create the training devices but also something of the personalities who created the simulators and the applications to which they were applied.In the space available it will only be possible to skim the surface of a topic which has been relatively undisturbed for some thirty years. The authors hope is that the paper will stimulate interest and admiration for the dedicated and ingenious innovators who set out to create the devices which enabled the Royal Air Force to learn new skills safely and apply them effectively.
Supersonic flow simulation for a boat-tailed heat shield
Authors: Purohit Sharad C. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryFor a 15° boat-tailed heat shield or payload shroud, the unsteady, compressible Navier-Stokes equations are numerically solved. For a Reynolds number of the order of one million and for four different freestream Mach numbers, the time integration is performed for 64 x 30 grid computational domain. The entire flow-field is analysed to delineate the gross dominant characteristics. It is observed that the flow in the boat-tail region is completely attached for Mach number 2·47 and beyond whereas it is separated for lower Mach numbers. A comparison between the numerical solutions and the available experimental results is provided and, for incipient flow separation conditions, an evaluation of unsteady surface pressure data is presented.
Propulsive mechanisms in animal swimming and flying locomotion
Authors: Bschorr O. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe objective of this paper is a description of animal swimming and flying locomotion in terms of wave theory. In this context various oscillatory organs of locomotion, such as flagella, fins and wings, are interpreted as waveguides capable of transmitting mechanical transverse waves. Furthermore, the Poynting concept is used, according to which every type of wave transports not only energy but also momentum. Even with no detailed knowledge of the hydro- and aerodynamic flow fields it is possible to calculate the wave power, the propulsive force, and the propulsive efficiency with the means and methods of vibrational theory alone.
Part 2. Project Management in an Aerospace Firm
Authors: Keenan J. G. 
Published: July 2016

The success of a project is not measured simply by the arrival in service of a product giving its promised performance. Success means the arrival in service of a product giving its promised performance, purchased at the promised price and delivered on the promised date.To achieve these targets with a complex aerospace product requires the effective management of a large number of people, ranging from scientists through designers, technicians, managers, accountants, typists, fitters and coppersmiths to delivery truck drivers. Their efforts must be directed, each in his proper place and time, towards a single goal. The success of the project can be influenced considerably by the type of organisation adopted for the management of this wide variety of people.
The Fare-Paying Passenger's View
Authors: Harris S. M. 
Published: July 2016

I am More than a little nervous standing here, because I am the non-expert in a room full of experts, or if you will, a single sheep among a number of wolves.I have been asked to represent the fare-paying passenger's point of view to a symposium of technical people, and as such I want to make it clear at the outset that what I am going to say is opinion, not entirely uninformed but certainly not expert. If out of what follows I am wrong from time to time, then I hope you will understand that it is not a deliberate attempt to make noise for noise sake, but is really representing the thoughts of the fare-paying passenger.
A Note on the Receptance Formulation of the Method of Displaced Frequencies and its Relation to the Collar-Jahn Procedure
Authors: Simpson A. 
Published: July 2016

In his paper, Mahalingam describes a simple receptance approach to the displaced frequency method, and shows how (in the simple case where the added mass affects the kinetic energy of one co-ordinate only) this can be applied in the determination of corrected generalised masses. A method had been propounded previously by the present author, and this accomplished the generalised mass corrections by a procedure related to the Collar-Jahn Method for the correction of an approximate set of eigenvectors.At first sight, the methods of refs. 1 and 2 appear very different—the first being based on dynamic flexibility relations and the second on dynamic stiffness relations. Indeed, the final forms of the equations for the corrected generalised inertias obtained from the two approaches appear radically different, and it is by no means obvious that the two methods will, in general, produce identical (or nearly identical) results.
Turbine Engines in Transport Aircraft—Some Observations on Reliability and Safety in Operation
Authors: Graham J. 
Published: July 2016

Any system for controlling the airworthiness of aircraft engines in service should meet the following conditions:(a) it should be such that the incidence of in-flight shut-downs is kept to an acceptably low level;(b) it should ensure that aircraft are not flown with engines delivering significantly lower power than that used in establishing the scheduled Flight Manual performance; and(c) it should provide maximum protection against failures of a potentially catastrophic nature, regardless of probable incident rate.In this paper, the foregoing principles are discussed in relation to experience with turbine engines in transport aircraft. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of monitoring, by which is meant any procedure or device that can be used to determine engine condition in flight or on the ground. Some current trends in turbine engine overhaul policies are also reviewed briefly.
The Influence of Velocity Profile Characteristics on the Drag of Short Circular Struts Spanning Two-Dimensional Channels
Authors: Livesey J. L. , Turner J. T. 
Published: July 2016

Measurements of cylinder drag in two-dimensional flow are readily available. In contrast, drag data for other cylinder configurations in which the flow is not strictly two-dimensional, for example free-ended cylinders or cylinders joined to a plane wall, is less plentiful. Some results for the former case have been given by Wiesels-berger and others, obtained at Gottingen and NPL, have been presented by Goldstein.This note discusses some preliminary drag measurements made for turbulent flow about circular cylinders which were joined to plane parallel walls at each end. Such configurations appear repeatedly in practice. The justification for applying the classical free-ended cylinder data to this problem is slight since, in this case, flow may occur round the ends of the cylinder from the high pressure region upstream to the low pressure wake.