bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting the Gordian Knot: Phylogenetic and ecological diversification of the Mesalina brevirostris species complex (Squamata, Lacertidae)
Authors: Šmíd Jiří , Moravec Jiří , Gvoždík Václav , Štundl Jan , Frynta Daniel , Lymberakis Petros , Kapli Paschalia , Wilms Thomas , Schmitz Andreas , Shobrak Mohammed , Yousefkhani Saeed Hosseinian , Rastegar‐Pouyani Eskandar , Castilla Aurora M. , Els Johannes , Mayer Werner 
Published: July 2017

Mesalina are small lacertid lizards occurring in the Saharo‐Sindian deserts from North Africa to the east of the Iranian plateau. Earlier phylogenetic studies indicated that there are several species complexes within the genus and that thorough taxonomic revisions are needed. In this study, we aim at resolving the phylogeny and taxonomy of the M. brevirostris species complex distributed from the Middle East to the Arabian/Persian Gulf region and Pakistan. We sequenced three mitochondrial and three nuclear gene fragments, and in combination with species delimitation and species‐tree estimation, we infer a time‐calibrated phylogeny of the complex. The results of the genetic analyses support the presence of four clearly delimited species in the complex that diverged approximately between the middle Pliocene and the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary. Species distribution models of the four species show that the areas of suitable habitat are geographically well delineated and nearly allopatric, and that most of the species have rather divergent environmental niches. Morphological characters also confirm the differences between the species, although sometimes minute. As a result of all these lines of evidence, we revise the taxonomy of the Mesalina brevirostris species complex. We designate a lectotype for Mesalina brevirostris Blanford, 1874; resurrect the available name Eremias bernoullii Schenkel, 1901 from the synonymy of M. brevirostris; elevate M. brevirostris microlepis (Angel, 1936) to species status; and describe Mesalina saudiarabica, a new species from Saudi Arabia.
Software Defined Manufacturing Extends Cloud-Based Control
Authors: Lechler Armin , Verl Alexander 
Published: July 2017

Nowadays, the key goal in manufacturing is being very efficient within changing markets and under turbulent conditions. Therefore, production plants with their machines logistics and all the other involved components have to be adaptable to changing conditions.
For this reason, reconfigurable manufacturing systems are needed, which allow a fast adaption to new requirements of the product to be manufactured. Today, reconfiguration in manufacturing is mostly limited due to missing reconfigurability of the control software in combination with the underlying hardware. The coupling is that strong that in manufacturing control software is always bound to special hardware. Until now, flexibility is only possible by changing application or part programs that are interpreted by a fixed control kernel. The adaption of any core functionality is impossible, and any other changes require high manual effort for redesigning software systems and parametrizing their functionalities. For better adaptability in manufacturing this coupling has to be dissolved.
Other disciplines and industries have similar requirements like the information and communication technology (ICT). In the area of ICT, there are more and more concepts of Software Defined Anything (SDX) like Software Defined Networking (SDN) or Software Defined Radio (SDR). Flexible, adaptive and really reconfigurable manufacturing should be improved by a new concept of Software Defined Manufacturing (SDM). SDM allows freely defined functionalities within the physical limitations of the mechanical and electrical components of a machine. But current manufacturing equipment with its control architecture does not offer the technical basis for such a concept.
Existing concepts of cloud-based control architectures show indeed a virtualization of the control algorithms. Due to the fact that the software is running remotely, the software is decoupled from its hardware. However, the local control algorithms with hard real-time requirements still have a very strong coupling with the hardware. The local control software could not be defined freely according to the requirements of the product to be manufactured. In this paper, a new control architecture for manufacturing that combines cloud-based control as a service (CaaS) and Software Defined Manufacturing is presented. As a result, an architecture of an operating system for manufacturing equipment is shown, which is freely programmable. This paper deals with Software Defined Manufacturing for local control software, communication and cloud-based control systems. SDM allows defining the behavior of the entire manufacturing process based on design description of a product to be manufactured. In addition, methods are described, which allow the automatic configuration and optimization of such an architecture by using simulation technics and collected process data.
Machining Operation Process Planning System Considering User Strategies and Intentions
Authors: Hirai Taishi , Nishida Isamu , Sato Ryuta , Shirase Keiichi 
Published: July 2017

In this study, we propose a new process planning system for machining operations, one which considers user strategies and intentions for such operations.
In previous process planning systems, the machining sequence is calculated geometrically, based on the Total Removal Volume (TRV) and the machining primitive region split from TRV. However, it remains difficult to determine the best machining sequence from among the large number of machining sequences calculated. Also, previous process planning systems do not consider user strategies and intentions in determining the appropriate machining sequence.
Our new approach stores geometrical properties of the machining primitives when the user selects a machining sequence. Using these stored geometrical properties, the appropriate machining sequence can be automatically selected. User strategies and intentions are thus considered in determining a machining sequence based on learned geometrical properties.
A case study was conducted to show the effectiveness of our proposed process planning approach. In the case study, user-specific machining sequences were automatically determined for various users, based on the relation among the geometrical properties of the machining primitives and the individual user’s strategies and intentions.
Integrative Technology and Inspection Planning: A Case Study in Medical Industry
Authors: Klocke Fritz , Müller Johannes , Mattfeld Patrick , Kukulies Jan , Schmitt Robert H. 
Published: July 2017

In most trendsetting industries like the aerospace, automotive and medical industry functionally critical parts are of highest importance. Due to strict legal requirements regarding the securing of the functionality of high-risk parts, both production costs and quality costs contribute significantly to the manufacturing costs. Thus, both types of costs have to be taken into consideration during the stage of technology planning. Due to the high variety of potential interactions between individual component properties as well as between component properties and manufacturing processes, the analysis of the influence of the manufacturing history on an efficient design of inspection processes and inspection strategies is extremely complex. Furthermore, the effects of inspection strategies and quality costs on the planning of manufacturing process sequences cannot be modeled to date. As a consequence, manufacturing and inspection processes are designed separately and thus a high cost reduction potential remains untapped.
In this paper a new approach for an integrative technology and inspection planning is presented and applied to a case study in medical industry. At first, existing approaches with regard to technology and inspection planning are reviewed. After a definition of relevant terms the case study is introduced. Following, an approach for an integrative technology and inspection planning is presented and applied to the case study. In the presented approach the complex causalities between technology planning, manufacturing history and inspection planning are considered to enable a cost-effective production process and inspection sequence design.
Vibration Control of Computer Numerically Controlled Lathe With CFRP Pipe Frame
Authors: Yamada Honoka , Sawatani Kazuki , Morimoto Yoshitaka , Suzuki Naohiko , Kaneko Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2017

A new computer numerically controlled lathe containing a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic pipe frame was developed in this study. The pipe frame structure is lightweight and allows the machine size and stiffness to be adjusted by varying the parameters of the frame structure. Furthermore, using carbon fiber-reinforced plastic instead of steel improves the heat deformation properties of the frame.
When employing a pipe frame structure for machine tools, structural vibration can be problematic. In particular, the relative vibration between the tool and the workpiece must be suppressed to improve the accuracy of the machined surface. To achieve this vibration suppression, an actuator driven by piezoelectric elements was installed in the frame of the developed CNC lathe structure to counteract the vibration at specific modes by applying active vibration control. As a result of using the proposed vibration control method, the vibration amplitude was reduced by up to 88.6% compared with that without control. Additionally, the circularity of workpiece was improved by 27%.
Construction-Scale 3D Printing: Shape Stability of Fresh Printing Concrete
Authors: Kazemian Ali , Yuan Xiao , Meier Ryan , Cochran Evan , Khoshnevis Behrokh 
Published: July 2017

Building 3D objects in sequential layers is a technique employed by rapid manufacturing processes and allows great design freedom in manufacturing. Scaling up such automated additive fabrication from building small industrial parts to constructing buildings has been challenging for researchers during the recent years. Compared to the traditional construction methods, numerous advantages are offered by a well-developed layer based automated construction process, including architectural design freedom, lower construction cost, superior construction speed, and higher degree of customization. Concrete has been recognized as most viable option as the material to be used with such a process. However, there are several main challenges that yet have to be solved. Obtaining a mixture with high shape stability in the fresh state is among these challenges. Ideally, non-stop printing of successive layers is desired in building a structure, so the total construction time is minimized.
In this paper, an experimental investigation of the shape stability of freshly printed concrete layers using a small-scale linear concrete printing setup with remote control capability is outlined. First, longer stoppage time between successive layers is examined to determine the effects on the deformations of fresh printing concrete. Then, heat application is proposed and studied as a measure to improve the shape stability of freshly printed concrete without adding any delay to the construction process. Furthermore, a one-story building is considered and the influence of each scenario on the total construction time is discussed.
Characterization of Machining Distortion due to Residual Stresses in Quenched Aluminum
Authors: Garcia Destiny R. , Hill Michael R. , Aurich Jan C. , Linke Barbara S. 
Published: July 2017

Manufacturing methods and procedures are advancing through research and development, to optimize machine tools, machining strategies, and the overall manufacturing system. In the aerospace industry, machining distortions, or the deviation of part shape from the original intent after being released from a fixture, occur, reducing productivity. Residual stresses locked into the workpiece are a primary factor contributing to machining distortions. The residual stresses are induced by prior material processing steps such as rolling, forging, heat treating, etc. — which are needed in the aerospace industry for high strength.
Machining distortions result in significant economic losses due to reworking, remanufacturing, and/or rejecting components in the manufacturing and aerospace industries. Quenched 7050 T74 aluminum was used to investigate material removal with respect to milling distortions. Using material with a known residual stress profile, a prismatic u-shape geometry was machined and distortions were characterized, quantified, and described in detail. This paper shows a transparent and repeatable method for characterizing distortion for machined parts. The results from the distorted u-shapes indicate similar characteristics from distortion due to bulk residual stresses and machining factors.
Simulation Model of Automated HVAC System Control Strategy With Thermal Comfort and Occupancy Considerations
Authors: Peng Bo , Hsieh Sheng-Jen 
Published: July 2017

Currently, design and control of HVAC system in buildings rely heavily on simulation tools. However, the common tools available often fail to optimize occupants’ comfort directly, nor do they consider real-time variations in occupancy that affect comfort and energy performance.
To address these limits, this research designed an occupancy-based and thermal comfort-driven building automation simulation model. A single-space prototype lab room was co-simulated using EnergyPlus and MATLAB with the help of BCVTB and MLE+ as middleware. Various climate scenarios from four cities in the U.S. in different seasons were examined. Results suggest that overall, compared to a conventional temperature-driven control strategy baseline, the proposed system can minimize thermal comfort violation (in term of PMV model, |PMV|>0.5 is considered as a violation) to 7% and reduce occupants’ thermal discomfort by 62.5% on average. Meanwhile, energy consumption remains same or reduced (up to 2% reduction). Due to its simplicity, this strategy is relatively easy to implement in real-world building automation systems with appropriate sensor placement in modern buildings.
Physical Activity and Characteristics of the Carotid Artery Wall in High‐Risk Patients—The SMART (Second Manifestations of Arterial Disease) Study
Authors: Boss H. Myrthe , van der Graaf Yolanda , Visseren Frank L. J. , Van den Berg‐Vos Renske M. , Bots Michiel L. , de Borst Gert Jan , Cramer Maarten J. , Kappelle L. Jaap , Geerlings Mirjam I. , van Petersen R. , Dinther B. G. F. , Algra A. , Grobbee D. E. , Rutten G. E. H. M. , Leiner T. , Doevendans P. A. 
Published: July 2017

Background
Physical activity reduces the risk of vascular disease. This benefit is not entirely explained through an effect on vascular risk factors. We examined the relationship of physical activity and characteristics of the carotid artery wall in patients with vascular disease or risk factors.

Methods and Results

Cross‐sectional analyses were performed in 9578 patients from the
SMART
(Second Manifestations of Arterial Disease) study, a prospective cohort study among patients with vascular disease or risk factors. Physical activity was assessed using questionnaires. Carotid intima‐media thickness and carotid artery stenosis of both common carotid arteries was measured. In a subset of 3165 participants carotid diastolic diameter and distension were assessed. Carotid stiffness was expressed as the distensibility coefficient and Young's elastic modulus. Regression analyses adjusted for vascular risk factors showed that physical activity was inversely associated with diastolic diameter (fifth versus first quintile B=−0.13 mm; 95%
CI
, −0.21 to −0.05) and decreased risk of carotid artery stenosis (relative risk, 0.58; 95%
CI
, 0.48–0.69). A light level of physical activity was associated with less carotid stiffness (second versus first quintile; Young's elastic modulus B=−0.11 kPa
−1
×10
−3
; 95%
CI
, −0.16 to −0.06; distensibility coefficient B=0.93 kPa×10
3
; 95%
CI
, 0.34–1.51), but there was no additional benefit with increasing levels of physical activity. In patients with vascular disease, physical activity was inversely associated with common carotid intima‐media thickness, but not in patients with vascular risk factors.

Conclusions
In patients with vascular disease or risk factors, increased physical activity was associated with smaller carotid diastolic diameter, decreased risk of carotid artery stenosis, and less carotid stiffness, but it only showed benefits on carotid intima‐media thickness in patients with vascular disease.
Gold Staters of Aspurgus and Mithridates iii and New Complexes with Coins and Jewellery Items from the Artezian Settlement
Authors: Abramzon Mikhail , Vinokurov Nikolaï 
Published: July 2017

This paper examines new numismatic material serving as the basic chronological reference point of the burnt layer at the Artezian settlement in the Eastern Crimea, the early Citadel of which and adjoining quarters met their end during the Roman-Bosporan War ofad45-49. The 2013-2014 excavations yielded new finds of the remains of wooden caskets containing Bosporan coins dating from the end of the 1st centurybcto the first half of the 1st centuryad, and also gold, silver and bronze jewellery items and necklaces. Apart from caskets, a significant number of purses with Bosporan bronze, isolated cistophori of Ephesus and Pergamum, Roman denarii and hundreds of Bosporan coins bearing the names of the cities Caesarea (Panticapaeum) and Agrippia (Phanagoria), and also the names of the rulers Aspurgus, Gepaepyris and Mithridatesiiiwere found in the burnt level.There are ten gold staters of Aspurgus and Mithridatesiiiamong the most important recent discoveries. The find of a unique Mithridates’ stater marked with the year 343 of the Bosporan Era (=ad46/47) and the analysis of the archaeological context of the burnt layer allow us to re-date the fortress’ fall to autumnad46, or to the end of the summer – autumnad47. The new date of the catastrophe proves that Artezian and other fortresses of Mithridates situated in the European Bosporus, with synchronous layers of the ravages of war were also revealed by archaeology, had offered their resistance to Cotys I and the Romans in the course of a year or two after those seized the capital and the principal cities of the Bosporus.
International Mediation in Africa: Experiences and Challenges
Authors: Gounden Vasu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough informal and traditionally driven practices of mediation have existed for many generations, institutionalized and African-driven mediation became more important following the end of the Cold War. Mediation initiatives undertaken over the past 25 years, partly as a consequence of the increase in intra-state conflicts on the continent, have resulted in the generation of a deep body of knowledge and the evolution of a community of practitioners. This article examines two of the first post-1990 African-driven mediation processes – the Arusha Peace Process for Burundi and the Inter-Congolese Dialogue (icd) for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (drc) – to highlight key lessons that emerged, including the choice of mediator, who to include in the mediation, the impact of regional and international dynamics on the mediation, the importance and challenges of addressing the root causes of the conflict in a mediation process, and the role of non-state actors and Track ii diplomacy.
Submesoscale Dynamics in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Part I: Regional and Seasonal Characterization and the Role of River Outflow
Authors: Barkan Roy , McWilliams James C. , Shchepetkin Alexander F. , Molemaker M. Jeroen , Renault Lionel , Bracco Annalisa , Choi Jun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRealistic, submesoscale-resolving numerical simulations are used to characterize the flow’s statistics and the geography of surface submesoscale currents in the northern Gulf of Mexico. This study examines the role of the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River system in driving submesoscale currents during winter and summer, on and off the shelf, by investigating two sets of statistically equilibrated solutions, with and without river forcing. In this paper, the first of three, the authors analyze vorticity ζ, horizontal divergence δ, and available potential energy to eddy kinetic energy conversion and show that river forcing has an important effect on the spatial distribution and magnitudes of submesoscale currents in both seasons. During winter, solutions without river forcing display an increase in seasonal-mean values of ζ, δ and compared to solutions with river forcing, particularly east of the Mississippi River delta and offshore. On the contrary, during summer, seasonal-mean values are larger in solutions with river forcing throughout the entire region. The river effects can be rationalized in terms of scaling arguments that relate submesoscale current magnitudes to the surface boundary layer depth and lateral buoyancy gradients. River outflow enhances submesoscale currents by increasing lateral buoyancy gradients but suppresses them by decreasing the boundary layer depth. A discussion of the submesoscale-generating mechanisms that in each season may determine whether the enhancement effect overcomes the suppression effect or vice versa is presented. Regional comparisons of horizontal velocity spectra, root-mean-square ζ, root-mean-square δ, and root‐mean‐square across different resolutions show no sign of convergence even at 150-m horizontal resolution. This demonstrates the numerical challenge of modeling the full range of submesoscale currents.
Pristine Nocturnal Convective Initiation: A Climatology and Preliminary Examination of Predictability
Authors: Stelten Sean , Gallus William A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The prediction of convective initiation remains a challenge to forecasters in the Great Plains, especially for elevated events at night. This study examines a subset of 287 likely elevated nocturnal convective initiation events that occurred with little or no direct influence from surface boundaries or preexisting convection over a 4-month period of May–August during the summer of 2015. Events were first classified into one of four types based on apparent formation mechanisms and location relative to any low-level jet. A climatology of each of the four types was performed focusing on general spatial tendencies over a large Great Plains domain and initiation timing trends. Simulations from five convection-allowing models available during the Plains Elevated Convection At Night (PECAN) field campaign, along with four versions of a 4-km Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, were used to examine the predictability of these types of convective initiation. A dual-peak pattern for initiation timing was revealed, with one peak near 0400 UTC and another around 0700 UTC. The times and prominence of each peak shifted depending on the region analyzed. Positive thermal advection by the geostrophic wind was present in the majority of events for three types but not for the type occurring without a low-level jet. Models were more deficient with location than timing for the five PECAN models, with the four 4-km WRF Models showing similar location errors and problems with initiating convection at a lower altitude than observed.