bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR‐548d‐3p/TP53BP2 axis regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells
Authors: Song Qiong , Song Jiangqiang , Wang Qimin , Ma Yanling , Sun Nai , Ma Jieyu , Chen Qiu , Xia Guishan , Huo Yanping , Yang Longqiu , Li Baolin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFast growth and hardly any apoptosis are important characteristics of breast cancer, which assure the spread via invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Inhibition of fast proliferation and induction of apoptosis are critical way to cure this cancer. microRNAs (miRNAs) had been increasingly reported to be the critical regulator of tumorigenesis. In our study, we found that increasing copy number of miR‐548d‐2‐3p is critically involved poor prognosis. We overexpressed miR‐548d‐3p in MDA‐MB‐231cells and found that the proliferation was promoted significantly, whereas the inhibition of miR‐548d‐3p repressed the proliferation of MDA‐MB‐231 cells and also induced the increase in apoptosis. Additionally, we found that miR‐548d‐3p downregulated the expression of TP53BP2 by directly targeting the 3′UTR. We also found that knockdown of TP53BP2 significantly resorted the proliferation and apoptosis regulated by miR‐548d‐3p inhibitor. Our study showed that miR‐548d‐3p/TP53BP2 pathway is critically involved in the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells and may be new therapeutic target of breast cancer cells.
Inhibitors of the Polo‐Box Domain of Polo‐Like Kinase 1
Authors: Berg Angela , Berg Thorsten 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPolo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1), a key player in mitosis, is overexpressed in a wide range of tumor types and has been validated as a target for tumor therapy. In addition to its N‐terminal kinase domain, Plk1 harbors a C‐terminal protein–protein interaction domain, referred to as the polo‐box domain (PBD). Because the PBD is unique to the five‐member family of polo‐like kinases, and its inhibition is sufficient to inhibit the enzyme, the Plk1 PBD is an attractive target for the inhibition of Plk1 function. Although peptide‐based inhibitors are invaluable tools for elucidating the nature of the binding interface, small molecules are better suited for the induction of mitotic arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells by Plk1 inhibition. This review describes the considerable progress that has been made in developing small‐molecule and peptide‐based inhibitors of the Plk1 PBD.
Biologically Induced Hydrogen Production Drives High Rate/High Efficiency Microbial Electrosynthesis of Acetate from Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Jourdin Ludovic , Lu Yang , Flexer Victoria , Keller Jurg , Freguia Stefano 
Published: December 2015

AbstractElectron‐transfer pathways occurring in biocathodes are still unknown. We demonstrate here that high rates of acetate production by microbial electrosynthesis are mainly driven by an electron flux from the electrode to carbon dioxide, occurring via biologically induced hydrogen, with (99±1) % electron recovery into acetate. Nevertheless, acetate production is shown to occur exclusively within the biofilm. The acetate producers, putatively Acetoanaerobium, showed the remarkable ability to consume a high H2 flux before it could escape from the biofilm. At zero wastage of H2 gas, it allows superior production rates and lesser technical bottlenecks over technologies that rely on mass transfer of H2 to microorganisms suspended in aqueous solution. This study suggests that bacterial modification of the electrode surface (possibly via synthesis of Cu nanoparticles) is directly involved in the significant enhancement of the hydrogen production.
Cation–π Interactions Contribute to Substrate Recognition in γ‐Butyrobetaine Hydroxylase Catalysis
Authors: Kamps Jos J. A. G. , Khan Amjad , Choi Hwanho , Lesniak Robert K. , Brem Jürgen , Rydzik Anna M. , McDonough Michael A. , Schofield Christopher J. , Claridge Timothy D. W. , Mecinović Jasmin 
Published: December 2015

Abstractγ‐Butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) is a non‐heme FeII‐ and 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent oxygenase that catalyzes the stereoselective hydroxylation of an unactivated C−H bond of γ‐butyrobetaine (γBB) in the final step of carnitine biosynthesis. BBOX contains an aromatic cage for the recognition of the positively charged trimethylammonium group of the γBB substrate. Enzyme binding and kinetic analyses on substrate analogues with P and As substituting for N in the trimethylammonium group show that the analogues are good BBOX substrates, which follow the efficiency trend N+>P+>As+. The results reveal that an uncharged carbon analogue of γBB is not a BBOX substrate, thus highlighting the importance of the energetically favorable cation–π interactions in productive substrate recognition.
Synthesis of Spirocyclic Indolenines
Authors: James Michael J. , O'Brien Peter , Taylor Richard J. K. , Unsworth William P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis Review provides an in‐depth account of the synthesis of spirocyclic indolenines. Over the last 77 years, a wide array of diverse synthetic methods has been developed in order to generate these synthetically useful and biologically important spirocyclic scaffolds. The main synthetic strategies discussed are grouped into three main categories, namely interrupted Fischer indolisations, dearomatisation reactions of indoles and condensation reactions. The historical background, common synthetic challenges, current state‐of‐the‐art and future perspectives of this field are examined.
Understanding social change through catalytic innovation: Empirical findings in Mexican social entrepreneurship
Authors: Auvinet Caroline , Lloret Antonio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractChristensen, Baumann, Ruggles, and Sadtler (2006) proposed that organizations addressing social problems may use catalytic innovation as a strategy to create social change. These innovations aim to create scalable, sustainable, and systems‐changing solutions. This empirical study examines: (a) whether catalytic innovation applies to Mexican social entrepreneurship; (b) whether those who adopt Christensen et al.’s (2006) strategy generate more social impact; and (c) whether they demonstrate economic success. We performed a survey of 219 Mexican social entrepreneurs and found that catalytic innovation does occur within social entrepreneurship, and that those social entrepreneurs who use catalytic innovations not only maximize their social impact but also maximize their profits, and that they do so with diminishing returns to scale. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying factors key to encouraging entrepreneurial intentions among seniors
Authors: Sahut Jean‐Michel , Gharbi Sami , Mili Mehdi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUsing the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), we examined the impact of age on entrepreneurial intention, with special focus on seniors. Using samples from France reflecting a broad age range, a negative relationship involving age and entrepreneurial intent was found. Consistent with TPB, attitude, social norms, and perceived behavioural control were all significantly associated with intent. Importantly however, the relative weight seniors gave these components differed from that of prime age participants. For seniors, the belief that they had the requisite competencies and resources needed to own a business was especially important. Seniors also expressed greater relative interest in social entrepreneurship. The implications of these findings for both researchers and public policy makers are considered. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NOISE REMOVAL BASED ON FILTERED PRINCIPAL COMPONENT RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Ling‐Qun WANG , Bing‐Bing LI , Jun LIN , Bin XIE , Qi WANG , Yu‐Qi CHENG , Kai‐Guang ZHU 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPrincipal component analysis solves the overlap between the signal and noise in spectra, however the low‐order components still contain high frequency spatial noise. To tackle this problem, a denosing approach based on filtered principal component reconstruction is proposed. This method designs a low pass filter group which is based on adaptive width smoothing algorithm to remove the noise of the low‐order components. And then the electromagnetic data are reconstructed by the filtered low‐order components. This approach can not only remove the high frequency spatial noise of low‐order components, but also remove uncorrelated noise of high‐order components. The experimental results of the simulation data show that the SNR is improved by 10.96 dB and 2.52 dB relative to the traditional profile filter and principal component reconstruction, respectively. The results of conductivity‐depth imaging also prove that the filtered principal component reconstruction can improve the ability to identify deep targets. Finally the conductivity‐depth imaging for the survey profile data indicates that noise removal based on filtered principal component reconstruction is very effective.
Thrombin‐Inhibiting Anticoagulant Liposomes: Development and Characterization
Authors: Endreas Wegderes , Brüßler Jana , Vornicescu Doru , Keusgen Michael , Bakowsky Udo , Steinmetzer Torsten 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMany peptides and peptidomimetic drugs suffer from rapid clearance in vivo; this can be reduced by increasing their size through oligomerization or covalent conjugation with polymers. As proof of principle, an alternative strategy for drug oligomerization is described, in which peptidomimetic thrombin inhibitors are incorporated into the liposome surface. For this purpose, the inhibitor moieties were covalently coupled to a palmitic acid residue through a short bifunctionalized ethylene glycol spacer. These molecules were directly added to the lipid mixture used for liposome preparation. The obtained liposomes possess strong thrombin inhibitory potency in enzyme kinetic measurements and anticoagulant activity in plasma. Their strong potency and positive ζ potential indicate that large amounts of the benzamidine‐derived inhibitors are located on the surface of the liposomes. This concept should be applicable to other drug molecules that suffer from rapid elimination and allow covalent modification with a suitable fatty acid residue.
Skeletal Ni Catalysts Prepared from Amorphous Ni–Zr Alloys: Enhanced Catalytic Performance for Hydrogen Generation from Ammonia Borane
Authors: Nozaki Ai , Tanihara Yasutomo , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Ohmichi Tetsutaro , Mori Kohsuke , Nagase Takeshi , Yasuda Hiroyuki Y. , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSkeletal Ni catalysts were prepared from Ni–Zr alloys, which possess different chemical composition and atomic arrangements, by a combination of thermal treatment and treatment with aqueous HF. Hydrogen generation from ammonia borane over the skeletal Ni catalysts proceeded efficiently, whereas the amorphous Ni–Zr alloy was inactive. Skeletal Ni prepared from amorphous Ni30Zr70 alloy had a higher catalytic activity than that prepared from amorphous Ni40Zr60 and Ni50Zr50 alloys. The atomic arrangement of the Ni–Zr alloy also strongly affected the surface structure and catalytic activities. Thermal treatment of the amorphous Ni–Zr alloys at a temperature slightly lower than the crystallization temperature led to an increase of the number of surface‐exposed Ni atoms and an enhancement of the catalytic activities for hydrogen generation from ammonia borane. The skeletal Ni catalysts also showed excellent durability and recyclability.
Hyperconjugative and Electrostatic Interactions as Anomeric Triggers in Archetypical 1,4‐Dioxane Derivatives
Authors: Ortega Pilar Gema Rodríguez , Montejo Manuel , López González Juan Jesús 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe anomeric effect accounts for the greater thermodynamic stability of axially arranged six‐membered heterocycles holding an electronegative substituent at the C1 position. Within a frame of no general consensus, two different theories are typically claimed to justify this effect mostly based on either hyperconjugative or electrostatic factors. Here we report a theoretical‐experimental study of the role of both as anomeric triggers in two archetypical 1,4‐dioxane derivatives, using a suitable combination of spectroscopic (IR and vibrational circular dichroism) and computational techniques for the analysis of the solvation environment effect in their anomeric choices. VCD and IR spectroscopies are used as conformer‐discriminating tools: a detailed analysis of the evolution of the spectral profiles allows assessing the theoretically predicted changes in the experimental α/β ratios when changing the polar solvent, which are fully explained on the basis of an extensive NBO energy partition scheme that provides a detailed view of the role of hyperconjugative and electrostatic interactions as anomeric regulators. Our results suggest that the anomeric equilibrium cannot be described by a single stereoelectronic effect but by the combined contribution of hyperconjugation and electrostatic repulsions, so that the β‐anomeric choice in polar solvents is markedly driven by the strong attenuation of electrostatic repulsive interactions that occurs in solution.
Perchlorination of Coronene Enhances its Propensity for Self‐Assembly on Graphene
Authors: Conti Simone , del Rosso Maria G. , Ciesielski Artur , Weippert Jürgen , Böttcher Artur , Shin Yuyoung , Melinte Georgian , Ersen Ovidiu , Casiraghi Cinzia , Feng Xinliang , Müllen Klaus , Kappes Manfred M. , Samorì Paolo , Cecchini Marco 
Published: December 2015

AbstractProviding a quantitative understanding of the thermodynamics involved in molecular adsorption and self‐assembly at a nanostructured carbon material is of fundamental importance and finds outstanding applications in the graphene era. Here, we study the effect of edge perchlorination of coronene, which is a prototypical polyaromatic hydrocarbon, on the binding affinity for the basal planes of graphite. First, by comparing the desorption barrier of hydrogenated versus perchlorinated coronene measured by temperature‐programmed desorption, we quantify the enhancement of the strength of physisorption at the single‐molecule level though chlorine substitution. Then, by a thermodynamic analysis of the corresponding monolayers based on force‐field calculations and statistical mechanics, we show that perchlorination decreases the free energy of self‐assembly, not only enthalpically (by enhancing the strength of surface binding), but also entropically (by decreasing the surface concentration). The functional advantage of a chemically modulated 2D self‐assembly is demonstrated in the context of the molecule‐assisted liquid‐phase exfoliation of graphite into graphene.
Parallel assessment of Th17 cell frequencies by surface marker co‐expression versus ex vivo IL‐17 production in HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Dunay Gábor A. , Tóth Ilona , Eberhard Johanna M. , Degen Olaf , Tolosa Eva , van Lunzen Jan , Hauber Joachim , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian 
Published: December 2015

IntroductionTh17 cells can either be identified by co‐staining of surface markers or by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) for IL‐17 production. Discrepancies regarding the published frequencies of Th17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HIV patients may partly be due to the different methodologies used.MethodsCryopreserved PBMC from healthy controls and HIV‐infected subjects, including treated (cART) and viremic patients, were split and analyzed side‐by‐side by flow cytometry for expression of surface markers CCR6, CXCR3, CCR4, and CD161, or for intracellular expression of IL‐17A and IFNγ after stimulation.ResultsThe characterization of Th17 cells as CXCR3 − CCR6 + CCR4 + CD161+ yielded considerably higher frequencies than the corresponding frequencies obtained by characterization via cytokines (IL‐17 + IFNγ–), regardless of the HIV status. However, the overall frequencies delivered by the two methods significantly correlated. The relative frequency of Th17 cells within the CD4+ T cell compartment was preserved in HIV infection but there was a significant decrease in the absolute Th17 number, which was restored after initiation of cART, paralleling CD4+ T cell recovery. Absolute Th17 numbers inversely correlated with HIV viral load.ConclusionThe definition of Th17 cells by surface markers might overestimate their frequency in comparison to functional assessment of IL‐17 production by ICS, regardless of the HIV infection status. However, both methods yield proportionate results with reduced absolute numbers of Th17 cells in untreated HIV disease, reflecting the depletion of total CD4+ T cells in viremic HIV patients, and restoration with cART. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Systematic development of a new hysteretic damper based on torsional yielding: part II—experimental phase
Authors: Salem Milani Ali , Dicleli Murat 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThis paper reports on experimental studies carried out on a 200 kN, 120 mm‐capacity prototype of the newly developed multidirectional torsional hysteretic damper for seismic protection of structures. The main goal of the experiments is to test the validity of the theory developed in a companion paper and to evaluate the low‐cycle fatigue performance of the energy dissipaters of the damper. Because the design and configuration of the damper allow easy replacement of the energy dissipaters, four sets of energy dissipaters were produced out of S355J2 + N, C45 (two sets), and 42CrMo4 + QT steel grades. Force–displacement response of the multidirectional torsional hysteretic damper is studied through fully reversed cyclic quasi‐static displacement‐controlled tests that were carried out in compliance with EN 15129. Following the verification tests, with the aim of studying fatigue and fracture behavior of the cylindrical energy dissipaters of the device, certain numbers of them were subjected to further cyclic tests up to failure, and observations on their fatigue/fracture behavior are reported. The experimental verification test results proved the validity of the developed theory and component design assumptions presented in a companion paper. Furthermore, the energy dissipaters exhibited excellent torsional low‐cycle fatigue performance with number of cycles to failure reaching 118 at a maximum shear strain of 8% for S355J2 + N steel grade. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerically based proposals for the stiffness and strength of masonry infills with openings in reinforced concrete frames
Authors: Akhoundi Farhad , Lourenço Paulo B. , Vasconcelos Graça 
Published: December 2015

SummaryAimed at investigating the effect of openings on the in‐plane behaviour of masonry infills in reinforced concrete frames, a parametric study is presented based on model calibration via experimental tests. Two types of openings are investigated: central window openings and different combinations of door and window openings based on the typologies of southern European countries. First, a finite element model of the structure is made using the DIANA software program. Then, after calibration with experimental results, a parametric analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of the presence and location of the different types of openings on the in‐plane behaviour of the infilled frame. Finally, different equations for predicting the initial stiffness and lateral strength of infilled frames with any types of openings were obtained. An α factor related to the geometry of the piers between openings is proposed to take into account the location of the openings in the developed equations. Subsequently, the masonry infill panel is replaced by a diagonal strut. An empirical equation is also proposed for the width of an equivalent strut to replace a masonry infill panel with openings in such a way that they possess the same initial stiffness. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How long is a hillslope?
Authors: Grieve Stuart W.D. , Mudd Simon M. , Hurst Martin D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHillslope length is a fundamental attribute of landscapes, intrinsically linked to drainage density, landslide hazard, biogeochemical cycling and hillslope sediment transport. Existing methods to estimate catchment average hillslope lengths include inversion of drainage density or identification of a break in slope–area scaling, where the hillslope domain transitions into the fluvial domain. Here we implement a technique which models flow from point sources on hilltops across pixels in a digital elevation model (DEM), based on flow directions calculated using pixel aspect, until reaching the channel network, defined using recently developed channel extraction algorithms. Through comparisons between these measurement techniques, we show that estimating hillslope length from plots of topographic slope versus drainage area, or by inverting measures of drainage density, systematically underestimates hillslope length. In addition, hillslope lengths estimated by slope–area scaling breaks show large variations between catchments of similar morphology and area. We then use hillslope length–relief structure of landscapes to explore nature of sediment flux operating on a landscape. Distinct topographic forms are predicted for end‐member sediment flux laws which constrain sediment transport on hillslopes as being linearly or nonlinearly dependent on hillslope gradient. Because our method extracts hillslope profiles originating from every ridgetop pixel in a DEM, we show that the resulting population of hillslope length–relief measurements can be used to differentiate between linear and nonlinear sediment transport laws in soil mantled landscapes. We find that across a broad range of sites across the continental United States, topography is consistent with a sediment flux law in which transport is nonlinearly proportional to topographic gradient. © 2016 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.