bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebellar tDCS Modulates Neural Circuits during Semantic Prediction: A Combined tDCS-fMRI Study
Authors: D'Mello Anila M. , Turkeltaub Peter E. , Stoodley Catherine J. 
Published: January 2017

It has been proposed that the cerebellum acquires internal models of mental processes that enable prediction, allowing for the optimization of behavior. In language, semantic prediction speeds speech production and comprehension. Right cerebellar lobules VI and VII (including Crus I/II) are engaged during a variety of language processes and are functionally connected with cerebral cortical language networks. Further, right posterolateral cerebellar neuromodulation modifies behavior during predictive language processing. These data are consistent with a role for the cerebellum in semantic processing and semantic prediction. We combined transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and fMRI to assess the behavioral and neural consequences of cerebellar tDCS during a sentence completion task. Task-based and resting-state fMRI data were acquired in healthy human adults (n= 32; μ = 23.1 years) both before and after 20 min of 1.5 mA anodal (n= 18) or sham (n= 14) tDCS applied to the right posterolateral cerebellum. In the sentence completion task, the first four words of the sentence modulated the predictability of the final target word. In some sentences, the preceding context strongly predicted the target word, whereas other sentences were nonpredictive. Completion of predictive sentences increased activation in right Crus I/II of the cerebellum. Relative to sham tDCS, anodal tDCS increased activation in right Crus I/II during semantic prediction and enhanced resting-state functional connectivity between hubs of the reading/language networks. These results are consistent with a role for the right posterolateral cerebellum beyond motor aspects of language, and suggest that cerebellar internal models of linguistic stimuli support semantic prediction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCerebellar involvement in language tasks and language networks is now well established, yet the specific cerebellar contribution to language processing remains unclear. It is thought that the cerebellum acquires internal models of mental processes that enable prediction, allowing for the optimization of behavior. Here we combined neuroimaging and neuromodulation to provide evidence that the cerebellum is specifically involved in semantic prediction during sentence processing. We found that activation within right Crus I/II was enhanced when semantic predictions were made, and we show that modulation of this region with transcranial direct current stimulation alters both activation patterns and functional connectivity within whole-brain language networks. For the first time, these data show that cerebellar neuromodulation impacts activation patterns specifically during predictive language processing.
Ubiquitylation‐dependent oligomerization regulates activity of Nedd4 ligases
Authors: Attali Ilan , Tobelaim William Sam , Persaud Avinash , Motamedchaboki Khatereh , Simpson‐Lavy Kobi J , Mashahreh Bayan , Levin‐Kravets Olga , Keren‐Kaplan Tal , Pilzer Inbar , Kupiec Martin , Wiener Reuven , Wolf Dieter A , Rotin Daniela , Prag Gali 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUbiquitylation controls protein function and degradation. Therefore, ubiquitin ligases need to be tightly controlled. We discovered an evolutionarily conserved allosteric restraint mechanism for Nedd4 ligases and demonstrated its function with diverse substrates: the yeast soluble proteins Rpn10 and Rvs167, and the human receptor tyrosine kinase FGFR1 and cardiac IKS potassium channel. We found that a potential trimerization interface is structurally blocked by the HECT domain α1‐helix, which further undergoes ubiquitylation on a conserved lysine residue. Genetic, bioinformatics, biochemical and biophysical data show that attraction between this α1‐conjugated ubiquitin and the HECT ubiquitin‐binding patch pulls the α1‐helix out of the interface, thereby promoting trimerization. Strikingly, trimerization renders the ligase inactive. Arginine substitution of the ubiquitylated lysine impairs this inactivation mechanism and results in unrestrained FGFR1 ubiquitylation in cells. Similarly, electrophysiological data and TIRF microscopy show that NEDD4 unrestrained mutant constitutively downregulates the IKS channel, thus confirming the functional importance of E3‐ligase autoinhibition.
LPS infusion suppresses serum FGF21 levels in healthy adult volunteers
Authors: Lauritzen Esben S , Rittig Nikolaj , Bach Ermina , Møller Niels , Bjerre Mette 
Published: January 2017

Context
During the inflammatory acute phase response, plasma glucose and serum triglycerides are increased in humans. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 has plasma glucose and lipid-reducing actions, but its role in the acute inflammatory response in human is unknown.

Objective
To investigate circulating levels of FGF21 after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion.

Design
Two randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trials were used.

Setting
The studies were performed at a university hospital clinical research center.

Patients and interventions
Study 1 (LPS bolus): Eight young, healthy, lean males were investigated two times: (1) after isotonic saline injection and (2) after LPS injection (bolus of 1 ng/kg). Each study day lasted 4 h. Study 2 (continuous LPS infusion): Eight, healthy males were investigated two times: (1) during continuously isotonic saline infusion and (2) during continuous LPS infusion (0.06 ng/kg/h). Each study day lasted 4 h. Circulating FGF21 levels were quantified every second hour by an immunoassay.

Results
A LPS bolus resulted in a late suppression (t = 240 min) of serum FGF21 (P = 0.035). Continuous LPS infusion revealed no significant effects on FGF21 levels (P = 0.82).

Conclusions
Our studies show that a bolus of LPS results in decreased FGF21 levels 4 h from exposure.
Factors associated with work ability index (WAI) among intensive care units’ (ICUs’) nurses
Authors: Rostamabadi Akbar , Zamanian Zahra , Sedaghat Zahra 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Work ability is a crucial occupational health issue in health care settings where a high physical and psychosocial work capacity is required and a high risk of disabling injuries and illnesses is predictable. This study aims to examine the association between the work ability index (WAI) and individual characterizations, workload, fatigue, and diseases among intensive care units’ (ICUs’) nurses.

Methods
The study sample included 214 nurses selected by a random sampling method from a target population consisting of 321 registered nurses working in eight ICUs. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the association between WAI scores and each of the independent variables.

Results
Results of multivariate analysis revealed a strong and negative association between WAI scores and diseases (B=−5.82, 95% CI=−7.16, −4.48, P&lt;0.001). Among the studied individual characterizations, body mass index (BMI) was significantly and inversely associated with WAI scores. A significant and negative association was also found between WAI scores and dimensions of MFI−20, such as general fatigue (B=−0.31, 95% CI=−0.53, −0.09, P=0.005) and physical fatigue (B=−0.44, 95% CI =−0.65, −0.23, P&lt;0.001). From dimensions of workload, frustration (B=−0.04, 95% CI=−0.07, −0.02, P&lt; 0.001) and temporary demand (B=−0.04, 95% CI=−0.08, −0.0001, P=0.04) showed a negative and significant association with WAI scores, while performance showed a positive and significant association (B=0.04, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.07, P=0.005).

Conclusions
Based on the study findings, development of health care programs with the aim of setting up a healthy work environment characterized by a well-structured preventive attitude toward controlling diseases, and a well-designed organizational framework toward increasing the level of performance and motivation, reducing the level of fatigue, as well as reducing the workload, is necessary to promote work ability among ICUs’ nurses.
Um elo entre letramento digital e o ensino de inglês para a formação de leitores brasileiros
Authors: Pallu Nelza Mara 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma experiência realizada com o objetivo de enriquecer a formação de professores de inglês, de modo que eles interagissem de forma mais contundente na formação de leitores, propiciando condições significativas à aprendizagem. O trabalho foi proposto através de um projeto específico, denominado Projeto Literamento nas Aulas de Inglês (PLAI), inserido no Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência – PIBID Letras/Inglês e aplicado em turmas do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola da Rede Estadual de Ensino do Paraná. A metodologia adotada privilegiou a integração dos estudos do Letramento Crítico, do Letramento Digital, da Literatura e das Abordagens Discursivas para o ensino de Línguas Estrangeiras. Os resultados demonstraram que esta composição metodológica multifacetada proporcionou a construção de atividades inovadoras nas aulas de inglês e promoveu o interesse e a motivação da aprendizagem, favorecendo a inserção de todos os participantes do projeto no mundo dos letramentos. Os dados revelaram ainda que o uso de tecnologias e da literatura nas aulas de inglês favoreceu o processo de formação de leitores. Contudo, para o desafio do letramento dos sujeitos é necessário investir na formação inicial e continuada de professores nas universidades em todas as áreas do conhecimento. O programa PIBID pode ser o local propício para junção destes esforços.
Recursos educacionais multimidiáticos para o estímulo à leitura na educação infantil
Authors: Andersen Elenice Larroza 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo analisa recursos educacionais para a leitura na educação infantil disponibilizados em uma plataforma governamental, seguindo a tendência de olhar a primeira infância como a base do desenvolvimento humano (MARCO LEGAL PARA A PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA, 2013). Defende, a partir de abordagens cognitivas do desenvolvimento, que o uso de recursos educacionais multimidiáticos para essa fase requer atenção especial, sobretudo quanto à adequação dessas ferramentas às necessidades cognitivas e linguísticas na infância. Defende, igualmente, que o uso de ferramentas mais próximas à realidade das crianças pode funcionar como incentivo à leitura, promover o multiletramento (ROJO e MOURA, 2012), e, dessa forma, agir como fator de proteção para dificuldades de leitura presentes na educação básica. A análise qualitativa baseou-se em três categorias: (i) objetivos do recurso; (ii) adequação do recurso à fase de desenvolvimento linguístico e cognitivo da criança; e (iii) adequação do recurso à pedagogia do multiletramento. Conclui que há uma carência de variedade de recursos educacionais disponibilizados, com predomínio de uma mídia em detrimento de outras, e um empobrecimento na qualidade desses recursos. Com isso, outras fontes para o trabalho com a linguagem na educação infantil são sugeridas.
Los movimientos oculares como herramienta metodológica para el estudio de las dificultades de lectura en niños con TDAH
Authors: Escudero Inmaculada , Martínez Paloma , León José Antonio 
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho objetiva mostrar a utilidade que a metodologia de movimentos oculares possui para o estudo do TDAH, mais especificamente, para analisar as dificuldades de leitura em crianças com TDAH. Para tanto, realizamos uma breve exposição dos principais problemas de leitura percebidos nessa população. Fazemos, ademais, uma apresentação das principais pesquisas realizadas até o momento, centradas em analisar os movimentos oculares na realização de diversas tarefas cognitivas em sujeitos com TDAH para, em seguida, passar ao âmbito da leitura. Na sequência, finalizamos o artigo com uma breve discussão sobre algumas das implicações clínicas, psicológicas e educativas advindas dessa metodologia no que tange ao estudo da leitura em crianças com TDAH.
Una experiencia de estandarización utilizando el modelo ADDIE en la elaboración de guías temáticas
Authors: Centeno Alayón Purísima 
Published: January 2017

Este trabajo presenta una experiencia de estandarización en el desarrollo de guías temáticas para el Centro de Información y Tecnologías (CITec), de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, del Recinto de Río Piedras, Universidad de Puerto Rico. Las guías temáticas son recursos de información que apoyan la investigación en diversas disciplinas. El CITec necesitaba actualizar sus guías temáticas y desarrollar nuevos temas. Para trabajar la iniciativa, se utilizó una herramienta de código abierto y se aplicó un modelo sistemático, planificado y estructurado de las cinco fases del modelo ADDIE que consisten en el análisis (A), el diseño (D), el desarrollo (D), la implementación (I) y la evaluación (E), tanto de las guías como del trabajo en su totalidad. Como resultado, se elaboraron guías temáticas y especializadas, que permiten la recuperación de información confiable para los usuarios, desde la plataforma de código abierto SubjectsPlus. La realización del proyecto facilitó la estandarización de las guías, su creación en línea y la inmediatez de sus actualizaciones a través de su página web.
Suppression of Bulk Defects in Antimonide Superlattice Infrared Photodiodes
Authors: Aifer E. H. , Jackson E. M. , Bennett B. R. , Vurgaftman I. , Meyer J. R. , Jernigan G. G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhile physical properties of ideal antimonide superlattices (ASL) indicate that they should significantly outperform mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) based infrared photodiodes for low dark current applications in the long and very long wave-infrared (LWIR and VLWIR), this potential has not yet been fully realized. Even though measured Auger and tunneling rates in ASL's are reduced as predicted, overall carrier lifetimes remain much shorter, and dark currents much higher than expected. The large carrier losses are the result of defects in the ASL structure, with contributions measured from large bulk defects and surface channels along mesa sidewalls, and the remaining component believed to be due to midgap states.In this presentation we report on several studies of epitaxial growth parameters and their influence on defect formation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of oxide desorption from GaSb substrates shows the presence of both antimony and gallium oxides, along with their decomposition and desorption behavior with anneal temperature. A study of buffer growth shows that defect density and size are critically dependent on growth temperature, with an optimal growth window between 480 and 500 °C.. Side-by-side GaSb buffer growths on vicinal ((100) + 1 ° (111)) and flat (100) substrates show that while growing on vicinal material can suppress mound formation, it does not yield epilayers as flat as can be obtained on (100) substrates grown under optimal conditons. Finally, the ratio of As to In flux during superlattice growth can be used to tune the lattice parameter both above and below that of GaSb, with strain-related defects appearing when the mismatch reaches roughly 0.1%.
Electrical Properties and Luminescence Spectra of Light-Emitting Diodes with Modulated Doped InGaN/GaN Quantum Wells
Authors: Yunovich A.E. , Mamakin S.S. , Lomonosov M.V. , Manyakhin F.I. , Wattana A.B. , Gardner N. , Goetz W. , Misra M. , Stockman S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCharge distributions N(z) and electroluminescence spectra of blue and green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on InGaN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with multiple quantum wells. MQWs were modulated doped by Si donors in GaN barriers, electrons from donors being in InGaN wells. N(z) were determined using dynamical capacitance (C-V) method. Acceptor and donor concentrations near the p-n- junction were approximately NA ≥1.1019 cm-3 >> ND ≥ 1.1018 cm-3. Functions N(z) have periodic maxima and minima; their number was 4 and a period of 10 %15 nm, according to the details of growth. The extrema reflect charge distributions in MQWs on the n-side of the junctions with accuracy in z of the order of the Debye length (2-3 nm). An energy diagram of the structures is calculated according these measurements. Shifts of spectral maxima with current (J = 10-6 – 3.10-2 A) for these LEDs are comparatively low (3-12 meV for blue LEDs and 20-50 meV for green ones), much less than for previously studied green LEDs (up to 150 meV). This behavior is explained by screening of piezoelectric fields by electrons in the wells. Quantum efficiency versus current is correlated with N(z) distributions and currentvoltage characteristics of the LEDs.
Microstructures of GaN and InxGa1-xN Films Grown by MOCVD on freestanding GaN Templates
Authors: Jasinski J. , Liliental-Weber Z. , Huang D. , Reshchikov M. A. , Yun F. , Morkoç H. , Sone C. , Park S. S. , Lee K. Y. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe summarize structural properties of thick HVPE GaN templates from the point of view of their application as substrates for growth of nitride layers. This is followed by the results of optical and structural studies, mostly transmission electron microscopy, of nitride layers grown by MOCVD on top of the HVPE substrates. The results indicate high structural quality of these layers with a low density of threading dislocations (in the range of 106 cm-2). Convergent beam electron diffraction studies showed that the MOCVD GaN films have Ga-polarity, the same polarity as the HVPE GaN substrates. Structural studies of an InGaN layer grown on top of the MOCVD GaN film showed the presence of two layers, which differed in lattice parameter and composition. The upper layer, on the top of the structure had a clattice parameter about 2 % larger than that of GaN and contained 10.3 ± 0.8 % of In. Values measured for the thinner, intermediate layer adjacent to the GaN layer were about 2.5 times lower.
A Chemical Perspective of GaN Polarity: The use of Hydrogen Plasma Dry Etching Versus NaOH Wet Etching to Determine Polarity
Authors: Losurdo Maria , Giangregorio MariaMichela , Capezzuto Pio , Bruno Giovanni , Namkoong Gon , Doolittle W. Alan , Brown April S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe use of dry hydrogen plasma etching is evaluated for determination of GaN polarity and critically compared to wet etching in NaOH. It is shown that hydrogen plasma etching is effective in revealing inversion domains (IDs) and some types of dislocations. This is because the surface morphology is unchanged by the hydrogen treatment, and, hence, the surface reactivity is not masked.
Interfacial Gas Desorption and Diffusion during the Low Thermal Stress Fusion of III/V Materials to Si
Authors: Mages Phil , Yu Paul K. L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA Low Thermal Stress (LTS) process, involving the removal of most of the InGaAs(P) material, was used to allow for wafer-fusion of InGaAs(P) samples to Si. The formation and behavior of bubbles of trapped gas between the thinned layer of InGaAs(P) material and the thick Si substrate were studied due to the yield problems such bubbles represent. Observations revealed a low temperature regime <300°C, during which significant gas generation occurred but only weak, reversible bonds were formed. The higher temperature regime, 300°-650°C, was characterized by no significant increase in bubble density, but resulted in a reduction or complete blockage of gas escape during storage. Further investigation of the higher temperature regime indicated continued production of gas, but with a tendency of the gases produced above 300°C to escape from the interface without the formation of bubbles under normal conditions. This information led to the development of a scalable LTS process requiring no modification of the wafers prior to bonding and utilizing sample pre-heating to 300°C before InGaAs(P) removal and subsequent high temperature treatment to 650°C for permanent bond formation.
Nonlinear optical properties of plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition grown silicon nanocrystals
Authors: Prakash G. Vijaya , Cazzanelli M. , Gaburro Z. , Pavesi L. , Iacona F. , Priolo F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe present a systematic study on the nonlinear optical properties of silicon nanocrystals (Si-nc) grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). The sign and magnitude of both real and imaginary parts of third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) of Si-nc are measured by Z-scan method. While the closed aperture Z-scan reveals a sign of positive nonlinearity, the open aperture measurements suggests a nonlinear absorption coefficients. Absolute values of χ(3) are in the order of 10-9 esu and show systematic correlation with the Si-nc size, due to quantum confinement related effects.
Observation of coupled plasmon-polariton modes of plasmon waveguides for electromagnetic energy transport below the diffraction limit
Authors: Maier Stefan A. , Kik Pieter G. , Brongersma Mark L. , Atwater Harry A. , Meltzer Sheffer , Requicha Ari A.G. , Koel Bruce E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe study the influence of optical near-field interactions on the dipole surface plasmon resonance of Au nanoparticles in closely spaced particle arrays using finite-difference timedomain simulations. In particular, the resonance energies of the collective plasmon-polariton modes are determined for longitudinal and transverse polarization for different particle array lengths and inter-particle spacings of 50 nm Au spheres in air. The obtained results are set in context with recent publications suggesting the possibility to use ordered arrays of closely spaced noble metal nanoparticles as plasmon waveguides for electromagnetic energy below the diffraction limit of light.
Refugee Mental Health: How Canada Supports the World’s Most Vulnerable in Their Transition to Becoming Canadian
Authors: Galts Ciarán Patrick Collins 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTCanada has been a sanctuary for refugees for many generations and is currently involved in welcoming a new cohort of Syrian refu­gees. Refugees represent a vulnerable population in Canada who require support in order to establish themselves and prevent the onset of mental illness. This article briefly describes Canada’s experience with refugees and then explores issues faced by incoming Syrians focusing specifically on factors contributing to refugee mental health. It is evident that refugees face incredible difficulties on their journey but that the various support systems in Canada significantly bolster their resilience to mental health issues. RÉSUMÉLe Canada est un sanctuaire pour les réfugiés depuis plusieurs générations et accueille à l’heure actuelle une nouvelle cohorte de réfugiés syriens. Les réfugiés représentent une population vulnérable au Canada, qui nécessite du soutien afin de s’établir et de prévenir la maladie mentale. Cet article décrit brièvement l’expérience du Canada avec les réfugiés et explore par la suite les défis qu’affrontent les nouveaux venus syriens, s’attardant particulièrement sur les facteurs qui contribuent à la santé mentale des réfugiés. Il est évident que les réfugiés font face à d’incroyables difficultés tout au long de leur parcours, mais que les divers systèmes de soutien au Canada renforcent considérablement leur résilience contre les troubles de santé mentale.