bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of the quaternary complex between SRP, SR, and translocon bound to the translating ribosome
Authors: Jomaa Ahmad , Fu Yu-Hsien Hwang , Boehringer Daniel , Leibundgut Marc , Shan Shu-ou , Ban Nenad 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDuring co-translational protein targeting, the signal recognition particle (SRP) binds to the translating ribosome displaying the signal sequence to deliver it to the SRP receptor (SR) on the membrane, where the signal peptide is transferred to the translocon. Using electron cryo-microscopy, we have determined the structure of a quaternary complex of the translating Escherichia coli ribosome, the SRP–SR in the ‘activated’ state and the translocon. Our structure, supported by biochemical experiments, reveals that the SRP RNA adopts a kinked and untwisted conformation to allow repositioning of the ‘activated’ SRP–SR complex on the ribosome. In addition, we observe the translocon positioned through interactions with the SR in the vicinity of the ribosome exit tunnel where the signal sequence is extending beyond its hydrophobic binding groove of the SRP M domain towards the translocon. Our study provides new insights into the mechanism of signal sequence transfer from the SRP to the translocon.
Mesoporous metallic rhodium nanoparticles
Authors: Jiang Bo , Li Cuiling , Dag Ömer , Abe Hideki , Takei Toshiaki , Imai Tsubasa , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Islam Md. Tofazzal , Wood Kathleen , Henzie Joel , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMesoporous noble metals are an emerging class of cutting-edge nanostructured catalysts due to their abundant exposed active sites and highly accessible surfaces. Although various noble metal (e.g. Pt, Pd and Au) structures have been synthesized by hard- and soft-templating methods, mesoporous rhodium (Rh) nanoparticles have never been generated via chemical reduction, in part due to the relatively high surface energy of rhodium (Rh) metal. Here we describe a simple, scalable route to generate mesoporous Rh by chemical reduction on polymeric micelle templates [poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PEO-b-PMMA)]. The mesoporous Rh nanoparticles exhibited a ∼2.6 times enhancement for the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol compared to commercially available Rh catalyst. Surprisingly, the high surface area mesoporous structure of the Rh catalyst was thermally stable up to 400 °C. The combination of high surface area and thermal stability also enables superior catalytic activity for the remediation of nitric oxide (NO) in lean-burn exhaust containing high concentrations of O2.
Fortilin binds IRE1α and prevents ER stress from signaling apoptotic cell death
Authors: Pinkaew Decha , Chattopadhyay Abhijnan , King Matthew D. , Chunhacha Preedakorn , Liu Zhihe , Stevenson Heather L. , Chen Yanjie , Sinthujaroen Patuma , McDougal Owen M. , Fujise Ken 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum, the cytoplasmic organelle that matures a massive amount of nascent secretory polypeptides, is particularly sensitive to stress. Endoplasmic reticulum stress causes unfolded proteins to populate the organelle, eliciting the unfolded protein response. During the unfolded protein response, GRP78—an endoplasmic reticulum master stress regulator—detaches from three endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors (IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6) and allows them to activate the apoptotic signaling pathway. Fortilin, a pro-survival molecule, is known to inhibit apoptosis by binding and inhibiting p53, but its role in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis remains unknown. Here, we report that fortilin directly interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of IRE1α, inhibits both kinase and endoribonuclease (RNase) activities of the stress sensor, and protects cells against apoptotic cell death at both cellular and whole animal levels. Our data support a role of fortilin in the unfolded protein response and its potential participation in human diseases caused by unfolded protein response.
Two-dimensional Penta-BP5 Sheets: High-stability, Strain-tunable Electronic Structure and Excellent Mechanical Properties
Authors: Liu Shijie , Liu Bo , Shi Xuhan , Lv Jiayin , Niu Shifeng , Yao Mingguang , Li Quanjun , Liu Ran , Cui Tian , Liu Bingbing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) crystals exhibit unique and exceptional properties and show promise for various applications. In this work, we systematically studied the structures of a 2D boronphosphide (BP) monolayer with different stoichiometric ratios (BPx, x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) and observed that each compound had a stable 2D structure with metallic or semiconducting electronic properties. Surprisingly, for the BP5 compounds, we discovered a rare penta-graphene-like 2D structure with a tetragonal lattice. This monolayer was a semiconductor with a quasi-direct band gap of 2.68 eV. More importantly, investigation of the strain effect revealed that small uniaxial strain can trigger the band gap of the penta-BP5 monolayer to transition from a quasi-direct to direct band gap, whereas moderate biaxial strain can cause the penta-BP5 to transform from a semiconductor into a metal, indicating the great potential of this material for nanoelectronic device applications based on strain-engineering techniques. The wide and tuneable band gap of monolayer penta-BP5 makes it more advantageous for high-frequency-response optoelectronic materials than the currently popular 2D systems, such as transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus. These unique structural and electronic properties of 2D BP sheets make them promising for many potential applications in future nanodevices.
Hybridizing Feature Selection and Feature Learning Approaches in QSAR Modeling for Drug Discovery
Authors: Ponzoni Ignacio , Sebastián-Pérez Víctor , Requena-Triguero Carlos , Roca Carlos , Martínez María J. , Cravero Fiorella , Díaz Mónica F. , Páez Juan A. , Arrayás Ramón Gómez , Adrio Javier , Campillo Nuria E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractQuantitative structure–activity relationship modeling using machine learning techniques constitutes a complex computational problem, where the identification of the most informative molecular descriptors for predicting a specific target property plays a critical role. Two main general approaches can be used for this modeling procedure: feature selection and feature learning. In this paper, a performance comparative study of two state-of-art methods related to these two approaches is carried out. In particular, regression and classification models for three different issues are inferred using both methods under different experimental scenarios: two drug-like properties, such as blood-brain-barrier and human intestinal absorption, and enantiomeric excess, as a measurement of purity used for chiral substances. Beyond the contrastive analysis of feature selection and feature learning methods as competitive approaches, the hybridization of these strategies is also evaluated based on previous results obtained in material sciences. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that there is not a clear winner between both approaches because the performance depends on the characteristics of the compound databases used for modeling. Nevertheless, in several cases, it was observed that the accuracy of the models can be improved by combining both approaches when the molecular descriptor sets provided by feature selection and feature learning contain complementary information.
Reproducing Infra-Slow Oscillations with Dopaminergic Modulation
Authors: Kobayashi Toshihiro , Shimada Yutaka , Fujiwara Kantaro , Ikeguchi Tohru 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn the human brain, billions of neurons construct a neural network via synaptic connections. Neuronal excitation and inhibition are transmitted to other neurons through synapses via neurotransmitters. Dopamine is one of these neurotransmitters that plays a number of important roles. There are a variety of rhythms in the brain, such as alpha rhythm, beta rhythm, and so on. Infra-slow oscillation, ISO, is one of the rhythms observed in the brain, and ranges below 0.1 Hz. One of the key roles of dopamine is the generation of ISO in neural networks. Although the mechanism underlying the generation of ISO remains unknown, ISO can be generated by activation of the D1-type dopamine receptor. The D1-type receptor regulates spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), which is a learning rule of the change in synaptic weights. In this paper, to reproduce ISO in neural networks, we show that dopaminergic modulation of STDP is essential. More specifically, we discovered a close relationship between two dopaminergic effects: modulation of the STDP function and generation of ISO. We therefore, numerically investigated the relationship in detail and proposed a possible mechanism by which ISO is generated.
Basin stability for chimera states
Authors: Rakshit Sarbendu , Bera Bidesh K. , Perc Matjaž , Ghosh Dibakar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChimera states, namely complex spatiotemporal patterns that consist of coexisting domains of spatially coherent and incoherent dynamics, are investigated in a network of coupled identical oscillators. These intriguing spatiotemporal patterns were first reported in nonlocally coupled phase oscillators, and it was shown that such mixed type behavior occurs only for specific initial conditions in nonlocally and globally coupled networks. The influence of initial conditions on chimera states has remained a fundamental problem since their discovery. In this report, we investigate the robustness of chimera states together with incoherent and coherent states in dependence on the initial conditions. For this, we use the basin stability method which is related to the volume of the basin of attraction, and we consider nonlocally and globally coupled time-delayed Mackey-Glass oscillators as example. Previously, it was shown that the existence of chimera states can be characterized by mean phase velocity and a statistical measure, such as the strength of incoherence, by using well prepared initial conditions. Here we show further how the coexistence of different dynamical states can be identified and quantified by means of the basin stability measure over a wide range of the parameter space.
A novel PRKAG2 mutation in a Chinese family with cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular pre-excitation
Authors: Yang Kun-Qi , Lu Chao-Xia , Zhang Ying , Yang Yan-Kun , Li Jia-Cheng , Lan Tian , Meng Xu , Fan Peng , Tian Tao , Wang Lin-Ping , Liu Ya-Xin , Zhang Xue , Zhou Xian-Liang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPRKAG2 syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disorder that is characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular pre-excitation and conduction system abnormalities. There is little knowledge in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) characteristics of PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy. This study investigated the genetic defect in a three-generation Chinese family with cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular pre-excitation using whole-exome sequencing. A novel missense mutation, c.1006 G > T (p.V336L), was identified in PRKAG2. This mutation had not been identified in the ExAC database, and the prediction result of MutationTaster indicated a deleterious effect. Furthermore, it cosegregated with the disease in the present family and was absent in unrelated 300 healthy controls. cDNA analysis did not detect any splicing defects, although the variant occurred in the first base of exon 9. CMR evaluation in five affected members showed diffuse hypertrophy in a concentric pattern, with markedly increased left ventricular mass above age and gender limits (median 151.3 g/m2, range 108.4–233.4 g/m2). Two patients in progressive stage and one patient with sudden cardiac death exhibited extensive subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement. In conclusion, molecular screening for PRKAG2 mutations should be considered in patients who exhibit cardiac hypertrophy coexisting with ventricular pre-excitation. CMR offers promising advantages for evaluation of PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy.
A sensitive mass spectrometry platform identifies metabolic changes of life history traits in C. elegans
Authors: Gao Arwen W. , Chatzispyrou Iliana A. , Kamble Rashmi , Liu Yasmine J. , Herzog Katharina , Smith Reuben L. , van Lenthe Henk , Vervaart Martin A. T. , van Cruchten Arno , Luyf Angela C. , van Kampen Antoine , Pras-Raves Mia L. , Vaz Frédéric M. , Houtkooper Riekelt H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAbnormal nutrient metabolism is a hallmark of aging, and the underlying genetic and nutritional framework is rapidly being uncovered, particularly using C. elegans as a model. However, the direct metabolic consequences of perturbations in life history of C. elegans remain to be clarified. Based on recent advances in the metabolomics field, we optimized and validated a sensitive mass spectrometry (MS) platform for identification of major metabolite classes in worms and applied it to study age and diet related changes. Using this platform that allowed detection of over 600 metabolites in a sample of 2500 worms, we observed marked changes in fatty acids, amino acids and phospholipids during worm life history, which were independent from the germ-line. Worms underwent a striking shift in lipid metabolism after early adulthood that was at least partly controlled by the metabolic regulator AAK-2/AMPK. Most amino acids peaked during development, except aspartic acid and glycine, which accumulated in aged worms. Dietary intervention also influenced worm metabolite profiles and the regulation was highly specific depending on the metabolite class. Altogether, these MS-based methods are powerful tools to perform worm metabolomics for aging and metabolism-oriented studies.
Extensive phenotypic characterization of a new transgenic mouse reveals pleiotropic perturbations in physiology due to mesenchymal hGH minigene expression
Authors: Kaklamanos Aimilios , Rozman Jan , Roulis Manolis , Karagianni Niki , Armaka Maria , Wu Moya , Brachthäuser Laura , Calzada-Wack Julia , Horsch Marion , Beckers Johannes , Rathkolb Birgit , Adler Thure , Neff Frauke , Wolf Eckhard , Gailus-Durner Valerie , Fuchs Helmut , de Angelis Martin Hrabe , Kollias George 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe human growth hormone (hGH) minigene used for transgene stabilization in mice has been recently identified to be locally expressed in the tissues where transgenes are active and associated with phenotypic alterations. Here we extend these findings by analyzing the effect of the hGH minigene in TgC6hp55 transgenic mice which express the human TNFR1 under the control of the mesenchymal cell-specific CollagenVI promoter. These mice displayed a fully penetrant phenotype characterized by growth enhancement accompanied by perturbations in metabolic, skeletal, histological and other physiological parameters. Notably, this phenotype was independent of TNF-TNFR1 signaling since the genetic ablation of either Tnf or Tradd did not rescue the phenotype. Further analyses showed that the hGH minigene was expressed in several tissues, also leading to increased hGH protein levels in the serum. Pharmacological blockade of GH signaling prevented the development of the phenotype. Our results indicate that the unplanned expression of the hGH minigene in CollagenVI expressing mesenchymal cells can lead through local and/or systemic mechanisms to enhanced somatic growth followed by a plethora of primary and/or secondary effects such as hyperphagia, hypermetabolism, disturbed glucose homeostasis, altered hematological parameters, increased bone formation and lipid accumulation in metabolically critical tissues.
Microbiota modulation counteracts Alzheimer’s disease progression influencing neuronal proteolysis and gut hormones plasma levels
Authors: Bonfili Laura , Cecarini Valentina , Berardi Sara , Scarpona Silvia , Suchodolski Jan S. , Nasuti Cinzia , Fiorini Dennis , Boarelli Maria Chiara , Rossi Giacomo , Eleuteri Anna Maria 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGut microbiota has a proven role in regulating multiple neuro-chemical pathways through the highly interconnected gut-brain axis. Oral bacteriotherapy thus has potential in the treatment of central nervous system-related pathologies, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Current AD treatments aim to prevent onset, delay progression and ameliorate symptoms. In this work, 3xTg-AD mice in the early stage of AD were treated with SLAB51 probiotic formulation, thereby affecting the composition of gut microbiota and its metabolites. This influenced plasma concentration of inflammatory cytokines and key metabolic hormones considered therapeutic targets in neurodegeneration. Treated mice showed partial restoration of two impaired neuronal proteolytic pathways (the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy). Their cognitive decline was decreased compared with controls, due to a reduction in brain damage and reduced accumulation of amyloid beta aggregates. Collectively, our results clearly prove that modulation of the microbiota induces positive effects on neuronal pathways that are able to slow down the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
Thymic homing of activated CD4+ T cells induces degeneration of the thymic epithelium through excessive RANK signaling
Authors: Yin Chen , Pei Xiao-Yan , Shen Hui , Gao Ya-Nan , Sun Xiu-Yuan , Wang Wei , Ge Qing , Zhang Yu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractActivated T cells have been shown to be able to recirculate into the thymus from the periphery. The present study was aimed to elucidate the functional consequences of thymic homing of activated T cells upon developing thymocytes and thymic epithelial cells (TEC). In the presence of activated T cells, especially CD4+T cells, T cell development was found to be inhibited in thymic organ cultures with markedly reduced cellularity. Thymic transplantation demonstrated that the inhibitory effect was most likely due to a defective microenvironment. As the major component of the thymic stroma, the TEC compartment was severely disturbed after prolonged exposure to the activated T cells. In addition to reduced cell proliferation, TEC differentiation was heavily skewed to the mTEC lineage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that RANKL highly expressed by activated CD4+T cells was primarily responsible for the detrimental effects. Presumably, excessive RANK signaling drove overproduction of mTECs and possibly exhaustion of epithelial progenitors, thereby facilitating the deterioration of the epithelial structures. These findings not only reveal a novel activity of activated T cells re-entering the thymus, but also provide a new perspective for understanding the mechanism underlying thymic involution.
Influence of NH3 plasma and Ti doping on pH-sensitive CeO2 electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor biosensors
Authors: Kao Chyuan-Haur , Chang Che-Wei , Tzu Chen Yu , Ming Su Wei , Cheng Lu Chien , Lin Chan-Yu , Chen Hsiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this study, CeO2 pH-sensitive sensing membranes in electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor structures on silicon substrate were fabricated. To enhance sensing performance, the membrane underwent Ti doping and NH3 plasma treatment on the surface. To examine the effects of Ti doping and plasma treatment, multiple material properties evaluations were conducted using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Results indicate that Ti doping and plasma treatment can remove defects and enhance crystallization, thereby achieving improved pH-sensing performance of the membrane with high sensitivity, high linearity, low hysteresis voltage and low drift voltage. CeO2-based EIS membranes with Ti doping and NH3 plasma treatment show promise for future portable pH-sensitive biosensors.
Towards personalized tumor markers
Authors: Kulasingam Vathany , Prassas Ioannis , Diamandis Eleftherios P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe cancer biomarker discovery pipeline is progressing slowly. The difficulties of finding novel and effective biomarkers for diagnosis and management of cancer patients are well-known. We speculate that it is unlikely to discover new serological biomarkers characterized by high sensitivity and specificity. This projection is supported by recent findings that cancers are genetically highly heterogeneous. Here, we propose a new way of improving the landscape of cancer biomarker research. There are currently hundreds, if not thousands, of described biomarkers which perform at high specificity (> 90%), but at relatively low sensitivity (< 30%). We call these “rare tumor markers.” Borrowing from the principles of precision medicine, we advocate that among these low sensitivity markers, some may be useful to specific patients. We suggest screening new patients for hundreds to thousands of cancer biomarkers to identify a few that are informative, and then use them clinically. This is similar to what we currently do with genomics to identify personalized therapies. We further suggest that this approach may explain as to why some biomarkers are elevated in only a small group of patients. It is likely that these differences in expression are linked to specific genomic alterations, which could then be found with genomic sequencing.
Moving Triadic Gaze Intervention Into Practice: Measuring Clinician Attitude and Implementation Fidelity
Authors: Feuerstein Julie , Olswang Lesley B. , Greenslade Kathryn , Pinder Gay Lloyd , Dowden Patricia , Madden Jodi 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This research investigated a first step in implementing the dynamic assessment (DA) component of Triadic Gaze Intervention (Olswang, Feuerstein, Pinder, & Dowden, 2013; Olswang et al., 2014), an evidence-based protocol for teaching early signals of communication to young children with physical disabilities. Clinician attitudes about adopting external evidence into practice and implementation fidelity in DA protocol delivery were examined following training.

Method

Seven early intervention clinicians from multiple disciplines were trained to deliver the four essential elements of the DA protocol: (a) provide communication
opportunity
, (b)
recognize
child's potentially communicative signal, (c)
shape
child's signal toward triadic gaze, and (d) reinforce with
play
. Clinician attitude regarding adopting evidence into practice was measured at baseline and follow-up, with the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (Aarons, 2004). Implementation fidelity in delivering the protocol was measured for adherence (accuracy) and competence (quality) during trial implementation.

Results
Clinicians' attitudes about trying new evidence that at first was perceived as incongruent with their practice improved over the course of the research. Clinicians demonstrated strong adherence to the DA protocol; however, competence varied across clinicians and appeared related to child performance.

Conclusions
The results provided insight into moving Triadic Gaze Intervention into practice and yielded valuable information regarding the implementation process, with implications for future research.
Metastasis from Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Brain: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Chaudhary Ashwani , Batra Dipesh , Jindal Rohit , Bansal Hanish 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report a very rare case of a 63-year-old man with penile carcinoma who developed brain metastasis. Brain metastasis from penile carcinoma is very rare, and only six cases have been reported so far as per our literature review. In view of controlled primary tumor and absence of systemic disease, tumor was excised and the patient remained clinically controlled till 3 months after follow-up.