bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation by distance, not incipient ecological speciation, explains genetic differentiation in an Andean songbird (Aves: Furnariidae: Cranioleuca antisiensis, Line‐cheeked Spinetail) despite near threefold body size change across an environmental gradient
Authors: Seeholzer Glenn F. , Brumfield Robb T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDuring the process of ecological speciation, reproductive isolation results from divergent natural selection and leads to a positive correlation between genetic divergence and adaptive phenotypic divergence, that is, isolation by adaptation (IBA). In natural populations, phenotypic differentiation is often autocorrelated with geographic distance, making IBA difficult to distinguish from the neutral expectation of isolation by distance (IBD). We examined these two alternatives in a dramatic case of clinal phenotypic variation in an Andean songbird, the Line‐cheeked Spinetail (Cranioleuca antisiensis). At its geographic extremes, this species shows a near threefold difference in body mass (11.5 to 31.0 g) with marked plumage differences. We analysed phenotypic, environmental and genetic data (5,154 SNPs) from 172 individuals and 19 populations sampled along its linear distribution in the Andes. We found that body mass was tightly correlated with environmental temperature, consistent with local adaptation as per Bergmann's rule. Using a PST–FST analysis, we found additional support for natural selection driving body mass differentiation, but these results could also be explained by environment‐mediated phenotypic plasticity. When we assessed the relative support for patterns of IBA and IBD using variance partitioning, we found that IBD was the best explanation for genetic differentiation along the cline. Adaptive phenotypic or environmental divergence can reduce gene flow, a pattern interpreted as evidence of ecological speciation's role in diversification. Our results provide a counterexample to this interpretation. Despite conditions conducive to ecological speciation, our results suggest that dramatic size and environmental differentiation within C. antisiensis are not limiting gene flow.
The Linguistic Determination of Conscious Thought Contents
Authors: Vicente Agustín , Jorba Marta 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this paper we address the question of what determines the content of our conscious episodes of thinking, considering recent claims that phenomenal character individuates thought contents. We present one prominent way for defenders of phenomenal intentionality to develop that view and then examine ‘sensory inner speech views’, which provide an alternative way of accounting for thought‐content determinacy. We argue that such views fare well with inner speech thinking but have problems accounting for unsymbolized thinking. Within this dialectic, we present an account of the nature of unsymbolized thinking that accords with and can be seen as a continuation of the activity of inner speech, while offering a way of explaining thought‐content determinacy in terms of linguistic structures and representations.
Deficient Pain Modulation in Patients with Chronic Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain
Authors: Kashi Yafit , Ratmansky Motti , Defrin Ruth 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundHemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) following stroke significantly affects the individual's function and quality of life. The mechanism of HSP is not clearly understood; hence, it is unclear why HSP resolves spontaneously or following routine care in some patients, while in others it becomes persistent. The aim was therefore to study whether HSP is associated with deficient pain modulation.MethodsThirty post‐stroke patients—16 with HSP and 14 without HSP—and 20 matched controls participated. Pain adaptation and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) were measured as indicators of pain modulation, in the affected (hemiplegic) and contralateral shoulder as well as in the affected shin among post‐stroke patients, and in comparable body regions among controls. Post‐stroke patients also underwent functional and physical evaluation of the shoulder.ResultsPain adaptation was absent among HSP patients, in both the painful shoulder and the affected shin, but existed in the 2 control groups. In addition, the affected shoulder and shin among the HSP group had reduced thermal sensibility compared to the contralateral regions. CPM was similar across groups. Shoulder functional status and physical status were similar for the 2 post‐stroke groups.ConclusionsThe results suggest that HSP is associated with a lack of pain adaptation, characteristic not only of the painful shoulder but also of the affected side. Although we cannot determine whether lack of pain adaptation precedes the HSP or results from it, interventions that enhance descending pain inhibition may improve management and prevent HSP chronification.
Comparison of iatrogenic articular cartilage injury in canine stifle arthroscopy versus medial parapatellar mini‐arthrotomy in a cadaveric model
Authors: Rogatko Cleo P. , Warnock Jennifer J. , Bobe Gerd , Verpaalen Valentine D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess iatrogenic articular cartilage injury (IACI) resulting from arthroscopy versus medial parapatellar mini‐arthrotomy of the stifle.Study designPaired comparison of canine cadaver stifles treated with arthroscopy or mini‐arthrotomyAnimalsPaired canine stifles from 14 cadavers (≥20 kg).MethodsStifles (N = 28) were assigned to arthroscopy or arthrotomy. Full stifle joint exploration and meniscal probing were performed. Joints were disarticulated and India ink assay performed. IACI was defined as sharply delineated lesions with India ink uptake. Incidence, number, and lesion area in defects articular cartilage, incision length, surgery duration, and joint structures visualized were recorded.ResultsArthroscopy resulted in greater IACI than mini‐arthrotomy, including incidence of IACI (arthroscopy: 13 stifles, mini‐arthrotomy: 4 stifles; P = .009), number of IACI per stifle (arthroscopy: 3.4 ± 2.90, mini‐arthrotomy: 0.9 ± 1.96; P = .04), and IACI area (arthroscopy: 5.9 ± 7.58 mm2, mini‐arthrotomy: 1.7 ± 4.50 mm2; P = .003). Incision length was shorter with arthroscopy (1.0 ± 0.38 cm) versus mini‐arthrotomy (5.3 ± 0.61 cm; P < .0001). Surgical duration was not significantly different between groups (arthroscopy: 12.5 ± 3.49 minutes, mini‐arthrotomy: 11.05 ± 1.60 minutes; P = .21). Visualization of articular structures was incomplete in 14/14 mini‐arthrotomy stifles and 1/14 arthroscopy stifles (P < .001).ConclusionIncidence, number, and area of IACI were greater in the arthroscopy group versus the mini‐arthrotomy group. Mini‐arthrotomy resulted in a longer incision and incomplete joint visualization. Methods of preventing IACI and clinical significance of IACI warrant further investigation.
Enhanced effect of human mesenchymal stem cells expressing human TNF‐αR‐Fc and HO‐1 gene on porcine islet xenotransplantation in humanized mice
Authors: Lee Han‐Sin , Song Sanghyun , Shin Du Yeon , Kim Geun‐Soo , Lee Jong‐Hyun , Cho Chan Woo , Lee Kyo Won , Park Hyojun , Ahn Curie , Yang Jaeseok , Yang Heung‐Mo , Park Jae Berm , Kim Sung‐Joo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundPorcine islet xenotransplantation is considered an attractive alternative treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, it is largely limited because of initial rejection due to Instant Blood‐Mediated Inflammatory Reaction (IBMIR), oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. Recently, soluble tumor necrosis factor‐ɑ receptor type I (sTNF‐αR) and heme oxygenase (HO)‐1 genes (HO‐1/sTNF‐αR) have been shown to improve the viability and functionality of porcine islets after transplantation.MethodsIn this study, genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expressing the HO‐1/sTNF‐αR genes (HO‐1/sTNF‐αR‐MSC) were developed using an adenoviral system, and porcine islet viability and function were confirmed by in vitro tests such as GSIS, AO/PI, and the ADP/ATP ratio after coculturing with HO‐1/sTNF‐αR‐MSCs. Subsequently, isolated porcine islets were transplanted underneath the kidney capsule of diabetic humanized mice without MSCs, with MSCs or with HO‐1/sTNF‐αR‐MSCs.ResultsAccording to the results, the HO‐1/sTNF‐αR‐MSC‐treated group exhibited improved survival of porcine islets and could reverse hyperglycemia more than porcine islets not treated with MSCs or islets cotransplanted with MSCs. Moreover, the HO‐1/sTNF‐αR‐MSC group maintained its morphological characteristics and the insulin secretion pattern of transplanted porcine islets similar to endogenous islets in immunocompetent humanized mice.ConclusionsOur results suggest that HO‐1/sTNF‐αR‐MSCs are efficient tools for porcine islet xenotransplantation, and this study may provide basic information for pre‐clinical animal models and future clinical trials of porcine islet xenotransplantation.
Computerized clinical decision support system utilization in nursing: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ortiz Dóris Ribeiro , Maia Flávia de Oliveira Motta , Ortiz Diley Cardoso Franco , Peres Heloísa Helena Ciqueto , Sousa Paulino Artur Ferreira de 
Published: November 2017

Review question/objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to comprehensively identify and examine the available literature on computerized clinical decision support systems utilized in nursing. The following focus questions will be used as an initial starting point in order to map and discuss important characteristics of the work done in this field:i) What is the nature of computerized clinical decision support systems (CCDSSs) utilized in nursing?ii) What is the nature of the research conducted on CCDSSs utilized in nursing, particularly, how has the research been conducted, what topics/aspects have been investigated, and what topics/aspects represent knowledge gaps?iii) What impact/outcomes have been reported through the use of CCDSSs utilized in nursing?
Prevention of neonatal unplanned extubations in the neonatal intensive care unit: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Hu Xiaojing , Zhang Yuxia , Cao Yun , Huang Guoying , Hu Yan , McArthur Alexa 
Published: November 2017

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Background:
Adverse events of mechanically ventilated neonates such as unplanned extubations may be associated with serious negative outcomes. Unplanned extubation rates have been monitored by many neonatal intensive care units as a quality of care metric.

Objectives:
The objective was to implement evidence-based best practice and assess the effects of these strategies on minimizing unplanned extubation in the neonatal intensive care unit in a large tertiary children's hospital.

Methods:
Evidence-based audit criteria were used to conduct an audit in the neonatal intensive care unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai. The program included three phases and was conducted from May 2016 to October 2016. The Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit tools for promoting change in health practice were used to ascertain compliance with the criteria before and after the implementation of best practice.

Results:
Compared with the baseline audit, the follow-up audit results demonstrated increased compliance rates for securement procedures, documentation of position and security of the endotracheal tube. Compliance for standardized care practice documentation increased from 0% to 100%; compliance for standard care practice implementation increased from 0% to 54.9%; and compliance for staff education increased from 66.7% to 100%. The neonatal intensive care unit also achieved the benchmark of less than one UE per 100 intubation days.

Conclusions:
This implementation project achieved a significant improvement in establishing evidence-based prevention of unplanned extubations in the neonatal intensive care unit of Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China. Standardizing the procedures represented an important step toward refining the quality improvement process.
Estimation of Remaining Useful Life of an Intake Air Filter in an Automotive Engine
Authors: Jammoussi Hassene , Landolsi Fakhreddine , Makki Imad 
Published: November 2017

The intake air filter monitor is a diagnostics/prognostics feature that aims to determine the condition of the intake air filter in the internal combustion engine. This feature is required to indicate the need for maintenance whenever the filter is clogged to the point where the engine performance may be impacted. The prognostics of the air filter helps in saving on operational costs, maintaining the optimal fuel economy, and planning for service/maintenance before failure.
In this paper, one diagnostics/prognostics method is reviewed and a generic statistics based process is proposed to convert the percent life remaining of the air filter into time and distance indicators. The estimated indicators are determined based on the vehicle driving statistics together with the degradation rate of the filter. These indicators provide more meaningful real time information to the driver or fleet owner than a percentage of the remaining life. The proposed method was validated based on driving data of a production vehicle obtained from Ford big data drive (BDD), combined with simulated degradation profile of the air filter.
Designing Robust Ultrafiltration Rate Profiles Based on Identifying Fluid Volume Model Parameters During Hemodialysis
Authors: Abohtyra Rammah M. , Hollot C. V. , Horowitz J. , Germain M. G. , Chait Y. 
Published: November 2017

Chronic dialysis is a necessary treatment for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients in order to increase life span, with hemodialysis (HD) being the dominant modality. Despite significant advances in HD technology, only half of ESKD patients treated with this modality survive more than 3 years. Fluid management remains one of the most challenging aspects of HD care, with serious implications for morbidity and mortality. Ultrafiltration has been associated with intradialytic hypotension, also associated with adverse outcomes. Therefore, removing a specified fluid volume to achieve an adequate balance without negative outcomes remains a critical challenge to improving patient outcomes. Therefore, it has been suggested that in addition to blood pressure information, routine HD treatments should include blood volume monitoring. Sensors integrated in dialysis machines are able to track the concentration of various blood components, such as hematocrit, with high accuracy and resolution and to derive a relative blood volume (RBV) changes.
In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to design an optimal, robust ultrafiltration rate profile based on identifying the parameters of a fluid volume model of an individual patient during HD and RBV sensor. Our design achieves, if exists, an optimal ultrafiltration profile for the identified nominal model under maximum ultrafiltration and hematocrit constraints, and guarantees that these constraints are satisfied over a pre-defined set of parameter uncertainty. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm through a combination of clinical data and simulations.
Prospective daily diary study reporting of any and all symptoms in healthy adults in Pakistan: prevalence and response
Authors: Anwar Mudassir , Green James A , Norris Pauline , Bukhari Nadeem Irfan 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesPrevalence of symptoms in everyday life and how people respond to these symptoms is little studied outside Western culture and developed countries. We sought to use modified diary methods to explore the prevalence of and responses to symptoms in Pakistan.DesignProspective daily survey of symptoms and response.Setting8 cities across four provinces in Pakistan.ParticipantsStratified intercept in each city to recruit 153 participants of which 151 completed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresEach day for 30 days, participants were prompted by text message (short message service (SMS)) to complete a symptom diary. On days where symptoms were experienced, participants also reported how they responded. Prevalence was adjusted to population age and gender distributions.Results92% of participants experienced symptoms (adjusted prevalence 94%, 95% CI 91% to 97%), with musculoskeletal pain (83%, adj. 84%, 95% CI 84% to 90%) and respiratory symptoms (75%, adj. 77%, 95% CI 71% to 84%) the most prevalent types of symptoms. Self-medication and use of home remedies and traditional medicines were the most common responses. Seeking professional help or using conventional medicine were less common, and self-medication responses included the use of antibiotics without prescription. The range of home remedies and traditional medicines was very diverse.ConclusionsWhile symptom experience in Pakistan was similar to Western countries, home remedies were much more frequently used to respond to symptoms. Understanding how people respond and manage their experience of symptoms outside formal healthcare is important for designing effective policy and interventions, and this needs to be understood within the broader context including the cultural and economic setting, the health system and other structural determinants of health.
The costs of functional gastrointestinal disorders and related signs and symptoms in infants: a systematic literature review and cost calculation for England
Authors: Mahon James , Lifschitz Carlos , Ludwig Thomas , Thapar Nikhil , Glanville Julie , Miqdady Mohamad , Saps Miguel , Quak Seng Hock , Lenoir Wijnkoop Irene , Edwards Mary , Wood Hannah , Szajewska Hania 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo estimate the cost of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and related signs and symptoms in infants to the third party payer and to parents.Study designTo estimate the cost of illness (COI) of infant FGIDs, a two-stage process was applied: a systematic literature review and a COI calculation. As no pertinent papers were found in the systematic literature review, a ‘de novo’ analysis was performed. For the latter, the potential costs for the third party payer (the National Health Service (NHS) in England) and for parents/carers for the treatment of FGIDs in infants were calculated, by using publicly available data. In constructing the calculation, estimates and assumptions (where necessary) were chosen to provide a lower bound (minimum) of the potential overall cost. In doing so, the interpretation of the calculation is that the true COI can be no lower than that estimated.ResultsOur calculation estimated that the total costs of treating FGIDs in infants in England were at least £72.3 million per year in 2014/2015 of which £49.1 million was NHS expenditure on prescriptions, community care and hospital treatment. Parents incurred £23.2 million in costs through purchase of over the counter remedies.ConclusionsThe total cost presented here is likely to be a significant underestimate as only lower bound estimates were used where applicable, and for example, costs of alternative therapies, inpatient treatments or diagnostic tests, and time off work by parents could not be adequately estimated and were omitted from the calculation. The number and kind of prescribed products and products sold over the counter to treat FGIDs suggest that there are gaps between treatment guidelines, which emphasise parental reassurance and nutritional advice, and their implementation.
Cross-sectional study evaluating data quality of the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS) prostate cancer registry data using the Cluster randomised trial of PSA testing for Prostate cancer (CAP)
Authors: Merriel Samuel William David , Turner Emma L , Walsh Eleanor , Young Grace J , Metcalfe Chris , Hounsome Luke , Tudge Isobel , Donovan Jenny , Hamdy Freddie , Neal David , Martin Richard M 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo compare the completeness and agreement of prostate cancer data recorded by the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS) with research-level data specifically abstracted from medical records from the Cluster randomised triAl of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing for Prostate cancer (CAP) trial.DesignCross-sectional comparison study.ParticipantsWe included 1356 men from the CAP trial cohort who were linked to the NCRAS registry.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCompleteness of prostate cancer data in NCRAS and CAP and agreement for tumour, node, metastases (TNM) stage (T1/T2; T3; T4/N1/M1) and Gleason grade (4–6; 7; 8–10), measured by differences in proportions and Cohen’s kappa statistic. Data were also stratified by year and pre-2010 versus post-2010, when NCRAS reporting standards changed.ResultsCompared with CAP, completeness was lower in NCRAS for Gleason grade (41.2% vs 76.7%, difference 35.5, 95% CI 32.1 to 39.0) and TNM stage (29.9% vs 67.6%, difference 37.6, 95% CI 34.1 to 41.1). NCRAS completeness for Gleason grade (pre-2010 vs post-2010 31.69% vs 64%; difference 32.31, 95% CI 26.76 to 37.87) and TNM stage (19.31% vs 55.50%; difference 36.19, 95% CI 30.72 to 41.67) improved over time. Agreement for Gleason grade was high (Cohen’s kappa, κ=0.90, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.93), but lower for TNM stage (κ=0.41, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.51) overall. There was a trend towards improved agreement on Gleason grade, but not TNM stage, when comparing pre-2010 and post-2010 data.ConclusionNCRAS case identification was very high; however, data on prostate cancer grade was less complete than CAP, and agreement for TNM stage was modest. Although the completeness of NCRAS data has improved since 2010, the higher completeness rate in CAP demonstrates that gains could potentially be achieved in routine registry data. This study’s findings highlight a need for improved recording of stage and grade data in the source medical records.
Does the impact of a plant-based diet during pregnancy on birth weight differ by ethnicity? A dietary pattern analysis from a prospective Canadian birth cohort alliance
Authors: Zulyniak Michael A , de Souza Russell J , Shaikh Mateen , Desai Dipika , Lefebvre Diana L , Gupta Milan , Wilson Julie , Wahi Gita , Subbarao Padmaja , Becker Allan B , Mandhane Piush , Turvey Stuart E , Beyene Joseph , Atkinson Stephanie , Morrison Katherine M , McDonald Sarah , Teo Koon K , Sears Malcolm R , Anand Sonia S 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveBirth weight is an indicator of newborn health and a strong predictor of health outcomes in later life. Significant variation in diet during pregnancy between ethnic groups in high-income countries provides an ideal opportunity to investigate the influence of maternal diet on birth weight.SettingFour multiethnic birth cohorts based in Canada (the NutriGen Alliance).Participants3997 full-term mother–infant pairs of diverse ethnic groups who had principal component analysis-derived diet pattern scores—plant-based, Western and health-conscious—and birth weight data.ResultsNo associations were identified between the Western and health-conscious diet patterns and birth weight; however, the plant-based dietary pattern was inversely associated with birth weight (β=−67.6 g per 1-unit increase; P<0.001), and an interaction with non-white ethnicity and birth weight was observed. Ethnically stratified analyses demonstrated that among white Europeans, maternal consumption of a plant-based diet associated with lower birth weight (β=−65.9 g per 1-unit increase; P<0.001), increased risk of small-for-gestational age (SGA; OR=1.46; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.54;P=0.005) and reduced risk of large-for-gestational age (LGA; OR=0.71; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.95;P=0.02). Among South Asians, maternal consumption of a plant-based diet associated with a higher birth weight (β=+40.5 g per 1-unit increase; P=0.01), partially explained by cooked vegetable consumption.ConclusionsMaternal consumption of a plant-based diet during pregnancy is associated with birth weight. Among white Europeans, a plant-based diet is associated with lower birth weight, reduced odds of an infant born LGA and increased odds of SGA, whereas among South Asians living in Canada, a plant-based diet is associated with increased birth weight.