bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression, anxiety and stress [DASS21] symptoms in menopausal Arab women: Shedding more light on a complex relationship
Authors: Bener A. 
Published: June 2017

AimThe objectıve was to determine correlation between depression, anxiety and stress in menopausal and post-menopausal women and shedding more light on a complex relationship.MethodsA cross-sectional based on Arabian women at the Primary Health Care (PHC) Centers in Qatar during July 2012 and May 2014 and 1101 women agreed to participate and responded to the study. Depression, anxiety and stress were measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Data on body mass index (BMI), clinical and other parameters were used.ResultsThe mean age and SD of the menopausal age was 49.55 ± 3.12, and postmenopausal age was 58.08 ± 3.26 (P < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences between menopausal stages with regards to age, ethnicity, educational status, occupation status, and place of living. Also, there were statistically significant differences between menopausal stages with regards to BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, vitamin D deficiency, and diseases. Depression and anxiety were more common among postmenopause women. The multivariate regression analyses revealed that age in years, diastolic BP, consanguinity, regular exercise were predictor for depression. Meanwhile, diastolic BP, occupation and physical activity considered the main risk factors for anxiety. Furthermore, age in years, occupation and sheesha smoking habits were considered as the main risk factors associated with stress.ConclusionA large number of factors were associated with experiencing menopausal and psychosocial problems and which had negative effects on the quality of life among Arabian women. Depression, anxiety and stress should be considered as an important risk factors for osteoporosis.Disclosure of interestThe author ha not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Poststroke depression
Authors: Brigadeiro D. , Nunes J. , Gil T. Ventura , Costa P. 
Published: June 2017

Psychiatric symptoms are the complications most often ignored in patients who suffered a stroke. Depression is the most common psychiatric complication in post-stroke patients with a prevalence of about 20–50% in the first year and with a peak in first six months after the stroke. Depression in turn, constitutes itself a factor of cerebrovascular risk. Despite its high prevalence this disorder remains under diagnosed and under treated. One explanation for this fact is that depressive symptoms are often misinterpreted as consequences of stroke itself. This reality is even more striking in patients with aphasia. Poststroke depression (PSD) results from the interaction between biological, as the location of the stroke, social and psychological factors. The presence of this disorder is associated with deleterious consequences for rehabilitation process. These patients suffer more often from attention deficits, cognitive difficulties, lower response to rehabilitation programs, poor quality of life and increased mortality.ObjectivesTo review epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, consequences and current recommendations for therapeutic intervention.MethodsMedline/Pubmed database search using the terms poststroke depression, depression and stroke, depression and cerebral vascular accident, stroke patients, published in the last 16 years.ConclusionThe treatment of PSD has been shown effective in improving the evolution and prognosis of these patients, therefore it is very important early diagnosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Childhood trauma: A factor for increased risk of major depression in psoriatic patients
Authors: Erfanian M. 
Published: June 2017

A history of childhood maltreatment (CM) is an important determinant for understanding the development of psychiatric and physical disorders. CM is associated with sensitization of central nervous system (CNS) that leads to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis [1]. Early life stress is a well-known contributor to major depression [2]. The dysregulation of HPA axis and sympathetic nervous system activity also impact skin. Epidermis shows a high vulnerability to such psychological stressors resulting to increase risk for psoriasis [3]. The current study investigates the association between childhood trauma and major depression, childhood trauma and psoriasis, and also severity of major depression in female and male patients with psoriasis. Sixty-four psoriatic patients (female = 34, mean age = 46.87) were evaluated with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) for the history of CM and with the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview for the diagnosis of major depression. CM was associated with major depression, indexed by a higher CTQ in emotional (χ2(3) = 26.002, P < .0005) and physical abuse scores (χ2(3) = 23.764, P < .0005). CM limited to sexual abuse was associated with higher severity of psoriasis (χ2(3) = 9.81, P < .02). There was no indication of a difference between men and women in severity of major depression (U = 444, P = .304). Our findings highlight the importance of recognizing psychiatric comorbidity, in particular major depression, among psoriatic patients. Depressive disorder with the presence of psoriasis may constitute a separate etiology with a greater contribution of early environment.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Modifications of depression-like behavior in the adult ovariectomized female rats treated with different doses of cholecalciferol
Authors: Fedotova J. , Dudnichenko T. 
Published: June 2017

The aim of the preclinical study was to examine the effects of chronic the effects of chronic cholecalciferol administration (1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/day, s.c., once daily, for 14 days) on depression-like behavior following ovariectomy in rats. Cholecalciferol was administered to the ovariectomized (OVX) rats and OVX rats treated with 17β-estradiol (17β-E2, 0.5 μg/rat, s.c., once daily, for 14 days). Depression-like behavior was assessed in the forced swimming test (FST) and the spontaneous locomotor activity was assessed using the open field test (OFT). Treatment with cholecalciferol in high dose (5.0 mg/kg/day, s.c.) significantly decreased immobility time of OVX rats in the FST. Co-administration of cholecalciferol in high dose with 17β-E2 exerted a markedly synergistic antidepressant-like effect in the OVX rats on the same model of depression-like behavior testing. Cholecalciferol in high dose administered alone or together with 17β-E2 significantly enhanced frequency of grooming of the OVX rats in the OFT. Moreover, cholecalciferol in high dose administered alone or together with 17β-E2 significantly decreased the elevated corticosterone levels in the blood serum of OVX rats following the FST. These results indicate that cholecalciferol in high dose has a marked antidepressant-like effect in the adult female rats with low levels of estrogen. The data also indicate that the combination of cholecalciferol in high dose and 17β-E2 is more effective than 17β-E2 alone in OVX rats inducing a more profound antidepressant-like effect in the FST.Russian Science Foundation (RSF) funded the reported study accordingly to the research project № 16-15-10053.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Korean medication algorithm for depressive disorder (KMAP-DD) 2017: Maintenance treatment
Authors: Jon D.I. , Kim W. , Wang H.R. , Woo Y.S. , Seo J.S. , Park Y.M. , Jeong J.H. , Shim S.H. , Lee J.G. , Min K.J. , Bahk W.M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe international guideline for treating depression has been widely used.ObjectivesThe current study focused on the maintenance treatment section of the third revision of Korean Medication Algorithm for Depressive Disorder (KMAP-DD)MethodsA 44-item questionnaire was used to obtain the consensus of experts regarding pharmacological treatment strategies for depressive disorder. Of the 144 committee members, 79 psychiatrists responded to the survey. Each treatment strategy or treatment option was evaluated with the nine-point scale.ResultsMost clinicians answered to maintain both antidepressants (AD) and atypical antipsychotics (AAP) for psychotic depression in remission state. The duration of AD maintenance: from 19.8 weeks to 46.8 weeks for patients in remission of the first episode, from 34.8 weeks to 78.4 weeks for the second depressive episode, and long-term continuation for three or more depressive episodes. Aripiprazole was the most preferred AAP. The preferred doses of AD and AAP in maintenance treatment were about 75% and 50% of those in acute treatment The maintenance of AAP in the psychotic depression in remission was similar to the AD, although shorter and less.ConclusionsThe maintenance strategies of KMAP-DD 2017 were similar to those of KMAP-DD 2012. Most clinicians preferred to maintain AD for substantial duration after achieving remission. The maintenance of AAP was also preferred, but the duration was shorter than AD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Specificity in perceived social support in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Nikolaev E. , Vasil’eva N. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSocial support is one of the functions of social relationships that modify stress. Social supportive resources play important role in helping patients to adjust to the disease. Not much is known about social support in multiple sclerosis patients while it is one of the available interpersonal resources.Objectivesand aims To examine the specificity in perceived social support in multiple sclerosis patients.MethodsThe sample were 104 in-patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (both men and women; mean age 38, SD = 10). All patients included in this study filled out the 22-item Russian version of the social support questionnaire (F-SOZU-22, G. Sommer, T. Fydrich in 1989, adaptation developed by A. Kholmogorova in 2006). Among them there were patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.ResultsThe entire sample reported the normal level of social support. One can mention that multiple sclerosis patients did not differ in general level of perceived social support from the healthy subjects. The exception was the overall satisfaction of social support, which reflected its statistically higher level in multiple sclerosis patients (P < 0.05). Further analysis showed no significant differences in perceived social support in patients associated with gender factor and clinical forms of multiple sclerosis (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe perceived social support in multiple sclerosis patients is characterized by normal levels of its emotional and instrumental components and inclusion in the network of close social relationships. However, the patients of both genders do not feel stability of these relations and have a deceased sense of security that can be a significant risk factor for depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
An item response theory based analysis of the Hamilton depression rating scale-an Indian perspective
Authors: Sanyal D. , Mukherjee B. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionHamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) remains the most widely used outcome measure though many consider the scale to have many defects.ObjectivesTo use IRT analysis to identify HDRS items which are problematic in terms of IRT parameters, thus suggest changes to the scale.MethodsPatients attending psychiatric OPD meeting DSM-5 criteria for unipolar depression were selected for the study. Patients were between 18-65 years of age, had no major medical problems and were not on any medicines at present. 17 item HDRS was administered using the anchors developed by William Guy as part of the ECDEU NIMH Collaborative Study To determine the relationship between scores on the individual HAMD items and overall depressive severity in an outpatient population Option Characteristic Curve (OCC) which is a graphical representation of the probability of endorsing the different options for a given item across the range of depressive severity) and Item Characteristic Curve (ICC) which is a graphical representation of the mean item score (expected value) and confidence interval as a function of depressive severity was used.ResultsResults showed that Items Depressed Mood, Work and Activities show good relationship between item responses and overall depressive severity. Items Hypochondriasis, somatic symptoms general and retardation appeared to be more problematic with regard to their ability to discriminate over the full range of depression severity.ConclusionsFurther studies are needed to critically review one of the most commonly used scale for one of the commonest malady of humans.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Previous and posterior psychopharmacological treatment in bariatric surgery patients
Authors: Angelats M. , Laia P. , Elena R. , Laura M. , Iciar E. , Adinson B. , Lucía P. , Elena B. , Víctor P. , Purificación S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity. It has been demonstrated that it improves the prognosis of vascular risk factors. However, the long term effect of surgery on psychiatric pathology, as depression, and the treatment adjustment needed is not clear.AimTo describe the previous and posterior psychopharmacological treatment of patients operated of bariatric surgery in Hospital del Mar.Material and methodsWe used a database of 292 bariatric surgery patients who have been operated in Hospital del Mar from January 2010 to November 2015. In this database, sociodemographic information, psychiatric antecedents, and anterior and posterior treatments among other data are included. We have made a descriptive analysis about more used treatments and their evolution.ResultsIn the sample, 27.1% of patients started with some psychiatric treatment the months before the bariatric surgery (16.4% had already a previous treatment prescribed). The medications the most frequently started before the surgery were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI, 11%), second were benzodiazepines and third a combination of the two previous treatments. Among antidepressants, Fluoxetine was the most prescribed (45.5%). Six months after surgery, 72.9% of patients were not taking any treatment.ConclusionThe large variety of psychiatric drugs used in our sample indicates that clearer guidelines are needed about the most appropriated treatments for those patients. Further studies on the impact of this surgery on pathologies and their psychopharmacological treatments are needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Body Image in Bariatric surgery candidates
Authors: Rosta M.L. , Porfiri F. , Zaccaria A. , Giannetti G. , Scoppetta M. , Giustacchini P. , Iaconelli A. , Chieffo D. , Mingrone G. , Raffaelli M. , Janiri L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBody image is a multidimensional concept that has assumed a significant role in eating disorders in which affective and perceptual distortions have been documented. Obesity is not a psychiatric disorder according to DSM-5 but several studies highlighted the presence of body image diseases in obesity.ObjectivesThe aim of this work is to evaluate the presence of body uneasiness in obese seeking for Bariatric surgery and to correlate it with psychopathological symptoms, psychosocial and anamnestic variables.MethodsFrom June 2014 to June 2016, we enrolled 537 Bariatric surgery candidates. Body image was investigated using the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT-A), a 34-item self-report questionnaire which measures weight phobia (WP), body image concerns (BIC), avoidance (A), compulsive self-monitoring (CSM), detachment and depersonalization (D). Psychopathological symptoms and personality traits have been evaluated using SCL90R and MMPI-2.ResultsDescriptive analyzes showed that BUT subscales were altered in most of our sample. Correlations of Pearson underlined significant associations between BUT subscales and SCL90R subscales. No correlation was found between BMI, marital status and BUT scores, while young, female and unemployed people had more difficulties with body.ConclusionsOur data highlight the presence of considerable body uneasiness in obese, correlated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms but independent from the severity of obesity. This seems to reflect the mind-body split detected both in obesity and in eating disorders. Therefore, a multidisciplinary integrated approach including psychological work on cognitive, emotional and perceptual aspects of body image will help patients to improve coping with corporeal changes achieved through surgery.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A new measure of psychological inflexibility related to eating behavior in adolescence: Confirmatory factor analysis and validity assessment
Authors: Duarte C. , Ferreira C. , Pinto-Gouveia J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionOn the onset of adolescence there is an increased vulnerability for mental health problems, namely disordered eating symptomatology. Disordered eating symptomatology has been described as a problem of psychological inflexibility. Psychological inflexibility related to eating behaviors, i.e., the adoption of inflexible idiosyncratic dietary rules without considering external and internal contingencies, is associated with disordered eating symptoms in adult populations. Nonetheless, the study of psychological inflexibility related to eating behaviors in adolescence is scarce.AimsThe current study aimed at examining the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Inflexible Eating Questionnaire for Adolescents (IEQ-A).MethodsParticipated in this study, 728 adolescents (513 girls and 215 boys), aged 14 to 18 years, who completed self-report measures of psychological inflexibility related to eating behaviors, body image, disordered eating symptoms and general psychopathology symptoms.ResultsResults of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the IEQ-A replicated the 11-item one-dimensional structure previously identified in adult samples. A multigroup analysis also demonstrated the scale's structure invariance between genders. The scale presented high internal reliability for both boys and girls (95). Correlation analyses confirmed the scale's convergence with psychological inflexibility with body image. IEQ-A was also positively associated with disordered eating symptoms and depression, anxiety and stress symptoms.ConclusionsFindings corroborated the adequacy of the IEQ-A factor structure and supported that this is a valid measure to assess psychological inflexibility related to eating behavior in adolescence. This measure is therefore of potential utility for clinicians and researchers focusing on eating-related difficulties in this vulnerable developmental stage.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Confirmatory factor analysis of the eating attitudes test short version in a sample of Portuguese women
Authors: Marques C. , Pereira A.T. , Marques M. , Soares M.J. , Roque C. , Macedo A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe Eating Attitudes Test-40 (EAT-40) is a valid index of symptoms frequently observed in eating disorders. The EAT-40 was adapted and validated for the Portuguese population. Thereafter a short-version composed of 25 items selected from the exploratory factor analysis (EAT-25) was developed. Apart from the total score, the TAA-25 evaluates three dimensions: Diet, Bulimic Behaviours and Social Pressure to Eat.ObjectiveTo examine the factor structure of the EAT-25 using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in a sample of Portuguese women.MethodsThe sample was composed of 433 women (mean age = 36.07; SD = 15.15). CFA was used to test the model suggested by prior exploratory factor analyses of EAT-25. AMOS software was used.ResultsAfter four items were deleted and some errors were correlated, CFA indicated a good fit for the second-order factor (χ2/df = 3.066; CFI = 0.918; GFI = 0.883, RMSEA = 0.069; P[rmsea ≤ 0.05] < 0.001). The 19-item TAA showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.91) and the three dimensions presented good Cronbach's alphas (α > 0.80).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the 21-item TAA model obtained through CFA is a reliable and valid measure to assess disordered eating attitudes among women.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The 4-hour window: UK Government targets versus clinical priorities
Authors: Cumming D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIn 2002, the Department of Health (United Kingdom) introduced a 4-hour target due to long waiting times. It is expected that 95% of patients who attend the A&E (Emergency) Department should be registered and admitted/discharged within 4 hours. Exceeding this is termed a “breach”.ObjectivesThe aim of this re-audit was to assess for a response following recommendations after an initial audit with concerning results. Forth Valley Royal is an acute public hospital in Central Scotland with 860 in-patient beds, covering a population of 300,000. It contains two general adult wards (42 beds), one IPCU (12 beds) and two Elderly wards (40 beds).MethodsReferral data was sourced across 4 consecutive months: April–July 2015 (initial audit) and October 2015–January 2016 (re-audit). These included all referrals from A&E to Psychiatry. Times were calculated for the 4 subprocesses listed in Table 1 below.Conclusion/discussionFollowing the initial audit, interventions such as training A&E staff to better manage psychiatric patients and encourage earlier referrals, led to a positive response in the re-audit (Subprocess 1). Breach rates reduced to 28% (from 35%) on re-audit. Less breaches (81% compared to 88%) were referred after 2-hours by A&E. Overall, the breach rates have reduced and they are less attributable to the A&E referring patients late. The outcome of patients leaving A&E without being seen by a psychiatrist was unknown – adverse outcomes would strengthen the debate to enforce the 4-hour window.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.Table 1Initial audit = 222 referrals (35% breach rate)Re-Audit = 348 referrals (28% breach rate)