bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicalization: A historical perspective
Authors: Birrer Richard B. , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe spectrum of human condition is bell shaped, and an area around the midpoint has been chosen arbitrarily to define as the norm. Physically and mentally maladaptive outliers have been treated as diseases and fell into the realm of medicine. Many “nondisease” states can creep up into medicine and with time become medicalized through medicalization because of redefining many conditions long considered social or psychological phenomena as disease states. Processes regarded as natural but also maladaptive are now looked at as diseases. Major factors in the evolution of medicalization include wellness obsession, pharmaceutical industry, statistical and research saturation, media, Internet, and litigation. Unnecessary medicalization leads to huge social and financial cost as well as increased anxiety and risk for complication from further workups for incidental or clinically unimportant findings. In this special article, our concrete steps are provided to facilitate demedicalization based on professionalism of physicians.
Systemic tumor‐targeted sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma mediated by B6 peptide polyplexes
Authors: Urnauer Sarah , Klutz Kathrin , Grünwald Geoffrey K. , Morys Stephan , Schwenk Nathalie , Zach Christian , Gildehaus Franz‐Josef , Rödl Wolfgang , Ogris Manfred , Wagner Ernst , Spitzweg Christine 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundNonviral polymer‐based gene transfer represents an adaptable system for tumor‐targeted gene therapy because various design strategies of shuttle systems, together with the mechanistic concept of active tumor targeting, lead to improved gene delivery vectors resulting in higher tumor specificity, efficacy and safety.MethodsUsing the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as a theranostic gene, nonviral gene delivery vehicles based on linear polyethylenimine (LPEI), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and coupled to the synthetic peptide B6 (LPEI‐PEG‐B6), which specifically binds to tumor cells, were investigated in a hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft model for tumor selectivity and transduction efficiency.ResultsIn vitro incubation of three different tumor cell lines with LPEI‐PEG‐B6/NIS resulted in significant increase in iodide uptake activity compared to untargeted and empty vectors. After establishment of subcutaneous HuH7 tumors, NIS‐conjugated nanoparticles were injected intravenously followed by analysis of radioiodide biodistribution using 123I–scintigraphy showing significant perchlorate‐sensitive iodide accumulation in tumors of LPEI‐PEG‐B6/NIS‐treated mice (8.0 ± 1.5% ID/g 123I; biological half‐life of 4 h). After four cycles of repetitive polyplex/131I applications, a significant delay of tumor growth was observed, which was associated with markedly improved survival in the therapy group.ConclusionsThese results clearly demonstrate that systemic in vivo NIS gene transfer using nanoparticle vectors coupled to B6 tumor targeting ligand is capable of inducing tumor‐specific radioiodide uptake. This promising gene therapy approach opens the exciting prospect of NIS‐mediated radionuclide therapy in metastatic cancer, together with the possibility of combining several targeting ligands to enhance selective therapeutic efficacy in a broad field of cancer types with various receptor expression profiles.
Characterization of the binding capacity of mercurial species in Lactobacillus strains
Authors: Alcántara Cristina , Jadán‐Piedra Carlos , Vélez Dinoraz , Devesa Vicenta , Zúñiga Manuel , Monedero Vicente 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDMetal sequestration by bacteria has been proposed as a strategy to counteract metal contamination in foodstuffs. Lactobacilli can interact with metals, although studies with important foodborne metals such as inorganic [Hg(II)] or organic (CH3Hg) mercury are lacking. Lactobacilli were evaluated for their potential to bind these contaminants and the nature of the interaction was assessed by the use of metal competitors, chemical and enzymatical treatments, and mutants affected in the cell wall structure.RESULTSLactobacillus strains efficiently bound Hg(II) and CH3Hg. Mercury binding by Lactobacillus casei BL23 was independent of cell viability. In BL23, both forms of mercury were cell wall bound. Their interaction was not inhibited by cations and it was resistant to chelating agents and protein digestion. Lactobacillus casei mutants affected in genes involved in the modulation of the negative charge of the cell wall anionic polymer lipoteichoic acid showed increased mercury biosorption. In these mutants, mercury toxicity was enhanced compared to wild‐type bacteria. These data suggest that lipoteichoic acid itself or the physicochemical characteristics that it confers to the cell wall play a major role in mercury complexation.CONCLUSIONThis is the first example of the biosorption of Hg(II) and CH3Hg in lactobacilli and it represents a first step towards their possible use as agents for diminishing mercury bioaccessibility from food at the gastrointestinal tract. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
An integral‐imaging‐based head‐mounted light field display using a tunable lens and aperture array
Authors: Huang Hekun , Hua Hong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA head‐mounted light field display based on integral imaging is considered as one of the promising methods that can render correct or nearly correct focus cues and address the well‐known vergence‐accommodation conflict problem in head‐mounted displays. Despite its great potential, it still suffers some of the same limitations of conventional integral imaging‐based displays such as low spatial resolution and crosstalk. In this paper, we present a prototype design using tunable lens and aperture array to render 3D scenes over a large depth range while maintaining high image quality and minimizing crosstalk. Experimental results verify and show that the proposed design could significantly improve the viewing experience.
Crosslinker Effects on Properties of Hydroxyethylacryl Chitosan/Sodium Alginate Hydrogel Films
Authors: Treenate Pitchaya , Monvisade Pathavuth 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe aim of this research is to investigate the effects of Ca2+ and Zn2+ ions on the swelling behavior, mechanical property and antibacterial activity of hydroxyethylacryl chitosan (HC)/ sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel films. The hydrogel films composed of HC and SA in different proportions (75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 w/w) were prepared by dipping method using calcium chloride as a single crosslinking agent and both calcium chloride and zinc sulfate as a couple crosslinking agent. The structures of the films were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). It was found that Ca2+ ions could only crosslink with SA through the formation of ionic bonds while Zn2+ ions could crosslink both HC through the formation of coordinate bonds and SA through the formation of partially ionic or coordinate bonds. The swelling behaviors of the films in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were investigated. The results showed relatively high stability for the crosslinked films with the couple crosslinking agent. The mechanical properties of the hydrogel films were also tested. It was found that the mechanical properties of the calcium‐zinc crosslinked films were greater than calcium crosslinked films. The values of tensile strength and elongation at break of the calcium‐zinc crosslinked films in the fully hydrated state were up to 12.9 MPa and 67%, respectively. Additionally, the calcium‐zinc crosslinked films evidenced better antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus than calcium crosslinked films. Moreover, all of prepared hydrogel films exhibited no cytotoxicity for Vero cells. The comprehensive results suggest their potential as a wound dressing.
Responsive Hydrogels Based Lens Structure with Configurable Focal Length for Intraocular Lens (IOLs) Application
Authors: Li Yifan , Wang Ding , Richardson Jack , Xu Ben Bin 
Published: April 2017

SummaryStimuli‐responsive hydrogel has attracted wide interests in bio‐applications, especially in bio‐optical systems that need tuning and adjustment of their optical performances. In this paper, we have investigated the materials and structural designs for the potential intraocular Lens (IOLs) design by studying swelling induced morphology changes and subsequently optical properties of ionic responsive Poly (Acrylamide‐co‐sodium acrylate) hydrogel. The equilibrium swelling ratio and swelling kinetics of gel were measured under both free standing and confined conditions. The Poly (Acrylamide‐co‐sodium acrylate) hydrogel has shown reversible swelling response to the ion concentration. Autonomous focusing of the gel lens was demonstrated under the certain ionic stimulus. Initial optical results have been presented with designable stimuli‐responsive focal length shifting under structural confinement.
Propagation and localization of wave in multi‐span Timoshenko beams on elastic foundations under moving harmonic loads
Authors: Ding L. , Wu L. , Zhu H.‐P. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryWave propagation and localization in ordered and disordered multi‐span beams on elastic foundations due to moving harmonic loads are investigated by using the transfer matrix methodology. The transfer matrix, as a function of the frequency and velocity of the moving harmonic load, of the periodic beam is formulated in a coordinate system moving with the load. The expressions of critical velocities, cut‐off frequency of an associated uniform beam without discrete spaced supports, are determined through the analysis of the wavenumbers, and the dynamic responses of the beam are also examined. For the ordered and disordered case, the propagation constants and localization factors are respectively employed to identify the velocity and frequency pass bands and stop bands in order to examine whether the perturbation can propagate along the structure or not. The effects of the periodicity, disorder level, excitation frequency, and moving velocity are studied in detail. The validity of the obtained results is confirmed by evaluating the transverse deformation of the beams through the finite element simulations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CRAN, H‐CRAN, and F‐RAN for 5G systems: Key capabilities and recent advances
Authors: Guizani Zeineb , Hamdi Noureddine 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe world of telecommunication is witnessing a swift metamorphosis towards fifth generation cellular networks. Particularly, the rapid shift from a user centric to a device centric communication has created a tremendous impact on service complexity and network requirements. The future networks present requisite needs in ubiquitous throughput, low latency, and high reliability. They are also envisioned to provide energy efficiency, spectrum reuse, network scalability, and robustness as well as improved quality of user experience, which proves to be of ultimate importance. Accordingly, government, academic, and industrial institutions are working together to fulfill these challenging goals. Their research efforts have been extensively reported in various topics and directions, such as heterogeneous small cell networks, millimeter wave communication, massive multiple input multiple output, network function virtualization, software‐defined network, and device‐to‐device communication. More interestingly, a revolutionary network architecture based on cloud computing and centralized processing is adopted as one of the best candidates for fifth generation. It is denoted Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) and (H‐CRAN) in heterogeneous networks. An upgraded version, namely, Fog RAN (F‐RAN), with caching and fog computing capabilities is also presented. Environmental friendly, it ensures flexibility and scalability with reduced expenditures. This paper presents the aforementioned key technological functionalities and surveys the benefits and challenges of CRAN, H‐CRAN, and F‐RAN.
Synthesis of pyridoxine‐based eagle‐shaped asymmetric star polymers through seATRP
Authors: Chmielarz Paweł 
Published: April 2017

The vitamin B6‐based macroinitiator was prepared for the first time by the transesterification reaction of pyridoxine with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide. A pyridoxine‐based star‐shaped block copolymer with a hydrophilic pyridoxine core and a dual hydrophilic poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) arms was synthesized for the first time via a simplified electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization, utilizing only 20 ppm of catalyst complex. The rate of the polymerizations was controlled by applying appropriate potential/current values during electrolysis to prevent the possibility of intermolecular coupling of the polymer stars. The asymmetric star polymers showed narrow molecular weight distribution (Đ = 1.09–1.13). 1H NMR spectral results confirm the formation of star‐like block (co)polymers. These new vitamin B6‐based eagle‐shaped star (co)polymers may find biomedical and biosensor applications as pH‐sensitive and thermo‐sensitive drug delivery systems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome during maintenance therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with continuous asparaginase therapy and mercaptopurine metabolites
Authors: Toksvang Linea Natalie , De Pietri Silvia , Nielsen Stine N. , Nersting Jacob , Albertsen Birgitte K. , Wehner Peder S. , Rosthøj Steen , Lähteenmäki Päivi M. , Nilsson Daniel , Nystad Tove A. , Grell Kathrine , Frandsen Thomas L. , Schmiegelow Kjeld 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundHepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) during treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has mainly been associated with 6‐thioguanine. The occurrence of several SOS cases after the introduction of extended pegylated asparaginase (PEG‐asparaginase) therapy in the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) ALL2008 protocol led us to hypothesize that PEG‐asparaginase, combined with other drugs, may trigger SOS during 6‐thioguanine‐free maintenance therapy.ProcedureIn children with ALL treated in Denmark according to the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol, we investigated the risk of SOS during methotrexate (MTX)/6‐mercaptopurine (6MP) maintenance therapy that included PEG‐asparaginase until week 33 (randomized to two‐ vs. six‐week intervals), as well as alternating high‐dose MTX or vincristine/dexamethasone pulses every four weeks.ResultsAmong 130 children receiving PEG‐asparaginase biweekly, 29 developed SOS (≥2 criteria: hyperbilirubinemia, hepatomegaly, ascites, weight gain ≥2.5%, unexplained thrombocytopenia <75 × 109 l–1) at a median of 30 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 17–66) into maintenance (cumulative incidence: 27%). SOS cases fulfilling one, two, or three Ponte di Legno criteria were classified as possible (n = 2), probable (n = 8), or verified (n = 19) SOS, respectively. Twenty‐six cases (90%) occurred during PEG‐asparaginase treatment, including 21 (81%) within 14 days from the last chemotherapy pulse compared with the subsequent 14 days (P = 0.0025). Cytotoxic 6MP metabolites were significantly higher on PEG‐asparaginase compared to after its discontinuation. Time‐dependent Cox regression analysis showed increased SOS hazard ratio (HR) for erythrocyte levels of methylated 6MP metabolites (HR: 1.09 per 1,000 nmol/mmol hemoglobin increase, 95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.14). Six‐week PEG‐asparaginase intervals significantly reduced SOS‐specific hazards (P < 0.01).ConclusionsPEG‐asparaginase increases cytotoxic 6MP metabolite levels and risk of SOS, potentially interacting with other chemotherapy pulses.
Smoking increased the risk of prostate cancer with grade group ≥ 4 and intraductal carcinoma in a prospective biopsy cohort
Authors: Tang Bo , Han Cheng‐Tao , Gan Hua‐Lei , Zhang Gui‐Ming , Zhang Cui‐Zhu , Yang Wei‐Yi , Shen Ying , Zhu Yao , Ye Ding‐Wei 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between smoking and different prostate cancer (PCa) pathological subtypes incidence in Chinese men.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe prospectively included 1795 patients who underwent prostate biopsies in one tertiary center between March 2013 and April 2016. Clinical data and biopsy outcomes were collected. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and PCa incidence.RESULTSA total of 737 men, 480 men and 58 men were diagnosed with PCa, high‐grade PCa (HGPCa, grade group ≥ 4 as accepted by the 2014 ISUP) and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC‐P), respectively. Current smokers had a significantly higher risk of HGPCa than never smokers (OR = 1.89, 95%CI: 1.44‐2.48). No such association was observed for low‐grade disease and cigarette smoking (OR = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.61‐1.16). In a sub‐analysis, men who had smoked longer than 30 years had a higher risk of HGPCa, compared with men who had smoked fewer than 30 years (OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.09‐2.06). Current smokers were more likely to develop IDC‐P than never smokers (OR = 2.29, 95%CI: 1.14‐4.59).CONCLUSIONAmong men in this Chinese biopsy cohort, current smoking was associated with highly malignant PCa incidence, such as HGPCa and IDC‐P. The duration of smoking may be associated with HGPCa.
A decade of leafminer invasion in China: lessons learned
Authors: Gao Yulin , Reitz Stuart , Xing Zhenlong , Ferguson Scott , Lei Zhongren 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLiriomyza trifolii (Burgess) is a highly invasive species that has become established in agricultural and ornamental crops throughout the world. L. trifolii was first recorded in China in 2005 in Guangdong Province. Subsequently, its known distribution in China has rapidly expanded to another 11 provinces (Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Fujian, Guangxi, Shandong, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei and Anhui), where it is currently causing considerable damage and economic losses. Experimental research and field surveys have contributed to our understanding of the ecology of L. trifolii and particularly the process of invasion and its interactions with other established, exotic Liriomyza leafminer species. A number of factors have contributed to the successful establishment of L. trifolii and displacement of interspecific competitors. In China, L. trifolii has become a particularly devastating pest in areas with intensive farming with extensive monocultures and a reliance on insecticide use. Integrated pest management incorporating judicious applications of insecticide combined with biological and cultural controls is likely to provide the best long‐term management strategy for L. trifolii. We provide information regarding 10 years of L. trifolii invasion in China and discuss areas of future research to enhance our overall understanding of the biology and ecology of L. trifolii and to improve management programmes for this widespread invasive insect pest. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Structural and Magnetic Characterization of Two Tetranuclear Cu(II) Complexes with Closed‐Cubane‐Like Core Framework
Authors: Manna Subal Chandra , Manna Soumen , Paul Aparup , Zangrando Ennio , Figuerola Albert , Dolai Samar , Das Kalipada 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTwo novel tetranuclear closed‐cubane like core framework complexes [Cu4(L1)4]⋅3(H2O) (1) and [Cu4(H2L2)4(H2O)4] (2) (H2L1=(E)‐2‐((1‐hydroxybutan‐2‐ylimino)methyl)phenol; H4L2=2‐((2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzylidene)amino)‐2‐hydroxymethylpropane‐1,3‐diol) were synthesized and structurally characterized. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate an overall weak antiferromagnetic exchange coupling in 1, while ferromagnetic exchange coupling in 2. In agreement with their closed‐cubane structure, the magnetic behavior of the two complexes have been studied by employing the isotropic spin Hamiltonian of type H=J1 (S1S3 + S1S4 + S2S3 + S2S4) ‐ J2 (S1S2 + S3S4) (J1 describes the magnetic exchange coupling between the four Cu(II) pairs with short Cu⋅⋅⋅Cu distances, while J2 characterizes the magnetic exchange coupling between the remaining two intermetallic pairs with long distances). The PHI program was used to study their magnetic behavior. A good agreement between the experimental and fitted curves was found with the following parameters: g=2.14, J1=‐20.3 cm−1 and J2=0 cm−1 for 1 and g=2.10, J1=101.1 cm−1 and J2=‐51.5 cm−1 for 2.
Selective Oxidative Coupling of 3H‐Pyrazol‐3‐ones, Isoxazol‐5(2H)‐ones, Pyrazolidine‐3,5‐diones, and Barbituric Acids with Malonyl Peroxides: An Effective C‐O Functionalization
Authors: Terent'ev Alexander O. , Vil' Vera A. , Gorlov Evgenii S. , Rusina Olga N. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Nikishin Gennady I. , Adam Waldemar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOxidative functionalization of 3H‐pyrazol‐3‐ones, isoxazol‐5(2H)‐ones, pyrazolidine‐3,5‐diones, and barbituric acids by malonyl peroxides results exclusively in C−O coupling products. Traditional hydroxylation, formation of carbonyl groups, or oxidative destruction of the heterocyclic ring are not observed. Under optimized reactions conditions – fluorinated alcohols as activating medium and at room temperature (20 – 25 °C) – the selective C−O coupling proceeds in high yields (up to 94 %). The oxidative insertion into the enolizable C−H bond of the substrate is mechanistically viewed as a nucleophilic attack by the heterocycle onto the electrophilically activated malonyl peroxides. For heterocyclic substrates with an active methylene group ‐ 3H‐pyrazol‐3‐ones, isoxazol‐5(2H)‐ones, and barbituric acids ‐ both C−H bonds are oxidized to afford double oxidative C−O coupling products in good yields (up to 72 %).
Modeling and efficient verification of wireless ad hoc networks
Authors: Yousefi Behnaz , Ghassemi Fatemeh , Khosravi Ramtin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Wireless ad hoc networks, in particular mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), are growing very fast as they make communication easier and more available. However, their protocols tend to be difficult to design due to topology dependent behavior of wireless communication, and their distributed and adaptive operations to topology dynamism. Therefore, it is desirable to have them modeled and verified using formal methods. In this paper, we present an actor-based modeling language with the aim to model MANETs. We address main challenges of modeling wireless ad hoc networks such as local broadcast, underlying topology, and its changes, and discuss how they can be efficiently modeled at the semantic level to make their verification amenable. The new framework abstracts the data link layer services by providing asynchronous (local) broadcast and unicast communication, while message delivery is in order and is guaranteed for connected receivers. We illustrate the applicability of our framework through two routing protocols, namely flooding and AODVv2-11, and show how efficiently their state spaces can be reduced by the proposed techniques. Furthermore, we demonstrate a loop formation scenario in AODV, found by our analysis tool.
FILAC – Fistula – Tract Laser Closure: a sphincter-preserving procedure for the treatment of complex anal fistulas
Authors: Carvalho Alexandre Lopes de , Filho Eduardo Fonseca Alves , Alcantara Rogerio Souza Medrado de , Barreto Marcelo da Silva 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSeveral surgical options are described for the treatment of anorectal fistulas, particularly in complex cases where recurrence rates and the possibility of postoperative incontinence are still high. The aim of this study is to describe the use of FILAC technique (Fistula – Tract Laser Closure) minimally invasive and preservation sphincter technique. FILAC has been described in the literature as an option in the management of anorectal fistula.