bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical Performance Evaluation of Infopia Element™ Auto‐coding Blood Glucose Monitoring System for Self‐Monitoring of Blood Glucose
Authors: Park Hae‐il , Lee Seong‐Su , Son Jang‐Won , Kwon Hee‐Sun , Kim Sung Rae , Chae Hyojin , Kim Myungshin , Kim Yonggoo , Yoo Soonjib 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundElement™ Auto‐coding Blood Glucose Monitoring System (BGMS; Infopia Co., Ltd., Anyang‐si, Korea) was developed for self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG).MethodsPrecision, linearity, and interference were tested. Eighty‐four capillary blood samples measured by Element™ BGMS were compared with central laboratory method (CLM) results in venous serum. Accuracy was evaluated using ISO 15197:2013 criteria.ResultsCoefficients of variation (CVs; mean) were 2.4% (44.2 mg/dl), 3.7% (100.6 mg/dl), and 2.1% (259.8 mg/dl). Linearity was shown at concentrations 39.25–456.25 mg/l (y = 0.989 + 0.984x, SE = 17.63). Up to 15 mg/dl of galactose, ascorbic acid, and acetaminophen, interference > 10.4% was not observed. Element™ BGMS glucose was higher than CLM levels by 3.2 mg/dl (at 200 mg/dl) to 8.2 mg/dl (at 100 mg/dl). The minimum specification for bias (3.3%) was met at 140 and 200 mg/l glucose. In the Clarke and consensus error grids, 100% of specimens were within zone A and B. For Element™ BGMS values, 92.9% (78/84) to 94.0% (79/84) were within a 15 mg/dl (< 100 mg/dl) or 15% (> 100 mg/dl) of the average CLM value.ConclusionElement™ BGMS was considered an appropriate SMBG for home use; however, the positive bias at low‐to‐mid glucose levels requires further improvement.
Multivariate Analyses of Urinary Calculi Composition: A 13‐Year Single‐Center Study
Authors: Yang Xiong , Zhang Changwen , Qi Shiyong , Zhang Zhihong , Shi Qiduo , Liu Chunyu , Yang Kuo , Du E , Li Na , Shi Jian , Xu Yong 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThe incidence and prevalence of urinary stone are increasing throughout the world. Compared to the past, recent demographics of patient with urolithiasis compositions are strikingly different. Furthermore, recent clinical studies implied that seasonal cyclicity might influence the distribution of stone composition.MethodsWe sought to determine the trends in pathogenesis of urolithiasis based on urinary stone analyses. Between 2002 and 2014, a total of 2,383 eligible urinary stone samples from different patients were collected in our center. Infrared spectroscopy was used for urinary calculi analysis. A logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between urinary calculi composition and calendar month (season), gender, and age in north China during the past 13 years.ResultsCalcium‐containing calculi were the most frequent with an overall incidence of 84.1%. Calcium phosphate (CaP) or magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) stones were more frequent in females, while monohydrate calcium oxalate (COM), dihydrate calcium oxalate (COD), or uric acid (UA) stones were more common in males. Older individuals were associated with an increased risk of UA stones and a decreased risk of COD, CaP, or cystine stones. Additionally, from 2002 to 2014, the frequency of COD and MAP stone increased, whereas the trend of CaP, UA and cystine stones decreased. However, calendar month (season) was not significantly associated with differences in composition.ConclusionThis study provides the present distribution of urolithiasis compositions in China. From 2002 to 2014, age and gender were significantly associated with stone composition, whereas calendar month was not.
Rapid Detection of Genomic Mutations in gyrA and parC Genes of Escherichia coli by Multiplex Allele Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Onseedaeng Sukanlayanee , Ratthawongjirakul Panan 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundFluoroquinolone (FR) resistant Escherichia coli infection has become a global problem. The FR resistance usually occurs mainly due to specific point of mutations within the quinolone resistance‐determining regions (QRDRs) at the gyrA codon of Ser83 and Asp87 and the parC codon of Ser80 and Glu84. Here, we appraised type and frequency of the QRDR mutations in FR‐resistant E. coli isolates, and developed multiplex allele specific PCR (MAS‐PCR) for the detection of “hot spot” mutations.MethodsA total of 111 ciprofloxacin‐resistant E. coli from Ramathibodi Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, were performed Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) by Etest® and investigated for gyrA and parC genes’ mutations by MAS‐PCR. Sensitivity and specificity of MAS‐PCR were compared to the sequencing method's.ResultsNinety‐nine of 111 (89.19%) E. coli isolates had mutation at least one point in the QRDRs. Six usual amino acid substitutes were reported, including Ser83‐Lue, Asp87‐Asn, Asp87‐Tyr, Ser80‐Ile, Glu84‐Gly, and Glu84‐Val. MAS‐PCR detected codons 83 and 87 in gyrA and codons 80 and 84 in parC mutations, yielding 96.97%, 100%, 100%, and 93.33% sensitivity, respectively, and 100%, 100%, 100%, and 98.48% specificity, respectively.ConclusionMAS‐PCR may be used for rapid detection of FR resistance in routine laboratory as well as in epidemiology study.
Surgical margin does not influence recurrence rate in pT1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma after partial nephrectomy: A multicenter study
Authors: Kang Ho Won , Lee Sang Keun , Kim Won Tae , Yun Seok Joong , Lee Sang‐Cheol , Kim Wun‐Jae , Hwang Eu Chang , Kang Seok Ho , Hong Sung‐Hoo , Chung Jinsoo , Kwon Tae Gyun , Kim Hyeon Hoe , Kwak Cheol , Byun Seok‐Soo , Kim Yong‐June ,   The KORCC (KOrean Renal Cell Carcinoma) Group
Published: April 2016

PurposeTo assess the risk factors of positive surgical margins (PSM) and the influence of margin status on recurrence in pT1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) following partial nephrectomy (PN).Materials and MethodsPatients (1,831) with pathologically confirmed stage T1 clear cell RCC were retrospectively analyzed following PN at eight institutions in Korea between 1999 and 2011. Demographics, operative data, pathological margin status, and site of recurrence were analyzed.ResultsResection margins were positive in 31 patients (1.7% of the cohort) on final pathology. None of the clinicopathological parameters were significantly related to the marginal status (all P > 0.05). During a median follow‐up of 32.5 months, local recurrences were observed in 0.4% of negative surgical margins. There was no local recurrence in any of the cases with PSM. Distant recurrences developed in 1.7% of negative surgical margins and 3.2% of PSM. There were no significant differences in recurrence‐free survival by margin status (P = 0.566).ConclusionsOur multi‐institutional data suggest that marginal status does not influence tumor recurrence risk in pT1 clear cell RCC after PN. Careful surveillance seems to be a sufficient strategy in this clinical scenario. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:70–74. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feasibility and potential value of lipofilling in post‐treatment oropharyngeal dysfunction
Authors: Kraaijenga Sophie A. C. , Lapid Oren , van der Molen Lisette , Hilgers Frans J. M. , Smeele Ludwig E. , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisHead and neck cancer (HNC) patients may develop oropharyngeal dysfunction as result of volume loss or muscle atrophy of the tongue or pharyngeal musculature following treatment with surgery and/or chemoradiotherapy. If intensive swallowing therapy offers no further improvement, and the functional problems persist, transplantation of autologous adipose tissue (lipofilling) might restore functional outcomes by compensating the existing tissue defects or tissue loss.Study DesignCase series.MethodsIn this prospective pilot feasibility study, the application of lipofilling was studied in seven HNC patients with chronic dysphagia. The procedure was carried out under general anesthesia in several sessions using the Coleman technique. Swallowing outcomes were evaluated with standard videofluoroscopy (VFS) for obtaining objective Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) and residue scores. Subjective Functional Oral Intake Scale scores and Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire were also completed. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate the post‐treatment injected fat.ResultsFive patients completed the intended three lipofilling sessions, whereas two completed two injections. One patient dropped out of the study after two injections because of progressive dysphagia requiring total laryngectomy. Four of the six remaining patients showed improved PAS scores on post‐treatment VFS assessments, with two patients no longer showing aspiration for a specific consistency. Two patients were no longer feeding tube dependent. Patient‐reported swallowing and oral intake improved in four out of six patients.ConclusionsBased on the results, the lipofilling technique seems safe and, in selected cases, of potential value for improving swallowing function in this small therapy‐refractory HNC patient cohort.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:2672–2678, 2016
Optimal timing of saliva collection to detect pepsin in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux
Authors: Na Se Young , Kwon Oh Eun , Lee Young Chan , Eun Young‐Gyu 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine salivary pepsin levels as a function of collection time.Study DesignA prospective, case‐control study.MethodsWe selected 57 patients with clinical symptoms and signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux who underwent 24‐hour multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH (24h MII‐pH) monitoring tests, and 12 control subjects without clinical symptoms and signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux. All subjects were instructed to collect saliva samples upon waking, 1 hour after each meal (3 times per day), and upon any occurrence of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms. The pepsin levels in saliva were measured by using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The Reflux Symptom Index survey was also administered.ResultsA total of 50 patients in whom LPR was diagnosed based on results of 24h MII‐pH monitoring test were enrolled in the study. The average pepsin level upon waking was 17.2 ng/mL, which was significantly higher than that measured in samples collected at any other time (P < .005). Pepsin levels were higher in patients with LPR than those in controls. The Reflux Symptom Index scores were statistically different between these groups of subjects.ConclusionsThe levels of total pepsin in saliva collected upon waking were significantly higher in the group of patients presenting with LPR symptoms and who demonstrated at least one episode of proximal esophageal reflux during 24h MII‐pH monitoring. Furthermore, the average pepsin level upon waking was higher than that measured at any other time. Measuring pepsin levels in the saliva upon waking may be a useful method in the diagnosis of LPR.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 126:2770–2773, 2016
On the Emergence of the Payne Effect in Polymer Melts Reinforced with Nanoparticles
Authors: Sarvestani Alireza S. 
Published: April 2016

This study presents a molecular model for the amplitude‐dependent dynamic moduli of polymer melts reinforced with nanoparticles. This study shows that intense strain‐thinning reported in experimental studies of polymer nanocomposites can be attributed to disentanglement of bulk polymer chains from those strongly adsorbed to the surface of nanoparticles. This flow‐induced relaxation is what is frequently termed as convective constraint release and is similar to the cohesive slip of polymer melt at solid interfaces.
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Simulated Dilatometry and Static Deformation Prediction of Glass Transition and Mechanical Properties of Polyacetylene and Poly(para‐phenylene vinylene)
Authors: Venkatanarayanan Ramaswamy I. , Krishnan Sitaraman , Sreeram Arvind , Yuya Philip A. , Patel Nimitt G. , Tandia Adama , McLaughlin John B. 
Published: April 2016

Thermophysical and mechanical properties of two conjugated polymers, poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and polyacetylene (PA), are predicted using molecular dynamics simulations and compared with results obtained from differential scanning calorimetry, nanoindentation, and dynamic mechanical analysis experiments. Glass transition temperature (Tg) is calculated from the changes in the slopes of the specific volume versus temperature and cohesive energy density versus temperature plots, obtained from constant pressure and constant temperature simulations (NPT ensemble). The effects of temperature on the torsion angle distributions and characteristic ratio are analyzed. PPV is found to have aTgof 416 ± 8 K. PA does not exhibit a glass transition in the temperature range of 120 to 500 K. Using the static deformation method, the values of Young's modulus are calculated to be 1.81 ± 0.34 GPa for PA and 9.20 ± 0.57 GPa for PPV at 298 K. These values are in good agreement with the experimental measurements, validating the suitability of these techniques in the prediction of the polymer properties.image
Aluminum complex initiated copolymerization of lactones and DL‐lactide to form crystalline gradient block copolymers containing stereoblock lactyl chains
Authors: Matsubara Kouki , Eda Kiyoka , Ikutake Yuki , Dan Misato , Tanizaki Nao , Koga Yuji , Yasuniwa Munehisa 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe homopolymerization reactions of several lactones, as well as the copolymerization reactions of DL‐lactide with these lactones were investigated using tridentate Schiff base aluminum complexes as the initiators. ε‐Caprolactone and δ‐valerolactone polymerized efficiently at room temperature to afford polyesters, whereas β‐butyrolactone only gave the corresponding oligomer. The copolymerization reactions of DL‐lactide with caprolactone and valerolactone yielded gradient block copolymers where the lactyl blocks formed crystalline stereoblocks as a consequence of the stereoselective polymerization of DL‐lactide in the presence of the aluminum complexes. These polymerization processes were highly controlled in nature, and block copolymerization where caprolactone copolymerized using poly(DL‐lactide)‐Al complex proceeded. The obtained gradient copolymer containing stereoblock lactyl blocks and caproyl blocks were analyzed using WAXD analysis to uncover existence of the crystalline stereoblock lactyl blocks in the copolymer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2016,54, 2536–2544
High‐voltage photoconductive semiconductor switches fabricated on semi‐insulating HVPE GaN:Fe template
Authors: Chen Yunfeng , Lu Hai , Chen Dunjun , Ren Fangfang , Zhang Rong , Zheng Youdou 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this work, high‐voltage photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs) with inter‐digitated contact electrodes are directly fabricated on semi‐insultating HVPE GaN:Fe template. The PCSS exhibits a cutoff wavelength of 365 nm and a dark resistivity of ∼1010 Ω cm. A maximum blocking voltage of more than 1100 V is obtained, corresponding to a breakdown electric field higher than 1.57 MV/cm for the GaN:Fe template. When excited by a 266 nm ultraviolet pulsed laser, the PCSS under 550 V bias could produce a peak photocurrent density of 387 A/cm2 within a rise time of ∼20 ns. The fall time of the photocurrent pulse is mainly RC time limited. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Properties of two‐dimensional electron gas in AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures determined by cavity‐enhanced THz optical Hall effect
Authors: Armakavicius Nerijus , Chen Jr‐Tai , Hofmann Tino , Knight Sean , Kühne Philipp , Nilsson Daniel , Forsberg Urban , Janzén Erik , Darakchieva Vanya 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this work we employ terahertz (THz) ellipsometry to determine two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density, mobility and effective mass in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor structures grown on 4H‐SiC substrates. The effect of the GaN interface exposure to low‐flow‐rate trimethylaluminum (TMA) on the 2DEG properties is studied. The 2DEG effective mass and sheet density are determined tobe in the range of 0.30‐0.32m0 and 4.3‐5.5×1012 cm–2, respectively. The 2DEG effective mass parameters are found to be higher than the bulk effective mass of GaN, which is discussed in view of 2DEG confinement. It is shown that exposure to TMA flow improves the 2DEG mobility from 2000 cm2/Vs to values above 2200 cm2/Vs. A record mobility of 2332±61 cm2/Vs is determined for the sample with GaN interface exposed to TMA for 30 s. This improvement in mobility is suggested to be due to AlGaN/GaN interface sharpening causing the reduction of interface roughness scattering of electrons in the 2DEG. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical and optical studies of a tellurium‐related defect in molecular‐beam epitaxy‐grown HgCdTe
Authors: Świątek Z. , Yakushev M. V. , Izhnin I. I. , Ozga P. , Mynbaev K. D. , Varavin V. S. , Marin D. V. , Mikhailov N. N. , Dvoretsky S. A. , Voitsekhovski A. V. , Savytskyy H. V. , Bonchyk O. Yu. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractElectrical and optical studies of defects in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)‐grown HgCdTe films, undoped and doped with arsenic, were carried out. By comparing results of ion milling‐assisted Hall‐effect measurements with micro‐Raman spectroscopy data, it was shown that the films contained electrically neutral defects related to excessive tellurium. It is suggested that these defects are Te nanocomplexes and that they are typical of the MBE HgCdTe technology. Under ion milling, they get electrically activated by interstitial mercury and form donor centers with concentration of ∼1017 cm‐3, which allows for detecting them with measurements of electrical parameters of the material. Also, it can be suggested that in films doped with arsenic with high‐temperature cracking, As2 dimers in the arsenic flux react with excessive tellurium and form As2Te3 donor complexes, thus preventing formation of Te nanocomplexes. Arsenic activation annealing may break As2Te3 complexes and release Te, which can again form the complexes under ion milling. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adaptive event‐triggered control for nonlinear discrete‐time systems
Authors: Hu Songlin , Yue Dong , Yin Xiuxia , Xie Xiangpeng , Ma Yong 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis paper focuses on the analysis and the design of event‐triggering scheme for discrete‐time systems. Both static event‐triggering scheme (SETS) and adaptive event‐triggering scheme (AETS) are presented for discrete‐time nonlinear and linear systems. What makes AETS different from SETS is that an auxiliary dynamic variable satisfying a certain difference equation is incorporated into the event‐triggering condition. The sufficient conditions of asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop event‐triggered control systems under both two triggering schemes are given. Especially, for the linear systems case, the minimum time between two consecutive control updates is discussed. Also, the quantitative relation among the system parameters, the preselected triggering parameters in AETS, and a quadratic performance index are established. Finally, the effectiveness and respective advantage of the proposed event‐triggering schemes are illustrated on a practical example. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unintentional toxicosis from methylxanthines in chocolate‐based baits consumed by American black bears
Authors: Beringer Jeff , Timmins Andrew , Hiller Tim L. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe use of baits often increases success for many wildlife management activities, including wildlife capture for research, harvest by hunters and trappers during regulated activities, and lethal and nonlethal control for damage management. However, some baits have unintended toxicity to wildlife, including theobromine and caffeine found in chocolate when used in sufficient quantities by hunters to bait bears. Recent examples have occurred in Michigan and New Hampshire, USA, and regulatory adjustments to prohibit use of chocolate (and other processed food products) as bait for bears have been proposed with varying degrees of success. To account for the potential lethal effects to both target and nontarget animal species, agencies charged with managing wildlife species should consider regulations or educational efforts to eliminate or minimize use of chocolate products for recreational feeding or baiting to attract wildlife species for capture, harvest, or observation. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
ASM-based formal design of an adaptivity component for a Cloud system
Authors: Arcaini Paolo , Holom Roxana-Maria , Riccobene Elvinia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe request of formal methods for the specification and analysis of distributed systems is nowadays increasing, especially when considering the development of Cloud systems and Web applications. This is due to the fact that modeling languages currently used in these areas have informal definitions and ambiguous semantics, and therefore their use may be unreliable. Thanks to their mathematical foundation, formal methods can guarantee rigorous system design, leading to precise models where requirements can be validated and properties can be assured, already at the early stages of the system development. In this paper, we present a rigorous engineering process for distributed systems, based on the Abstract State Machines (ASM) formal method. We rely on the foundational notions of ASM ground model and model refinement to obtain a precise model for a client-server application for Cloud systems. This application has been proposed to tackle the problem of making Cloud services usable to different end-devices by adapting on-the-fly the content coming from the Cloud to the different devices contexts. The ASM-based modeling process is supported by a number of validation and verification activities that have been exploited on the component under development to guarantee consistency, correctness, and reliability properties.
The pleiotropic effects of decanoic acid treatment on mitochondrial function in fibroblasts from patients with complex I deficient Leigh syndrome
Authors: Kanabus Marta , Fassone Elisa , Hughes Sean David , Bilooei Sara Farahi , Rutherford Tricia , Donnell Maura O’ , Heales Simon J. R. , Rahman Shamima 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThere is growing interest in the use of the ketogenic diet (KD) to treat inherited metabolic diseases including mitochondrial disorders. However, neither the mechanism whereby the diet may be working, nor if it could benefit all patients with mitochondrial disease, is known. This study focusses on decanoic acid (C10), a component of the medium chain triglyceride KD, and a ligand for the nuclear receptor PPAR‐γ known to be involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. The effects of C10 were investigated in primary fibroblasts from a cohort of patients with Leigh syndrome (LS) caused by nuclear‐encoded defects of respiratory chain complex I, using mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme assays, gene expression microarray, qPCR and flow cytometry. Treatment with C10 increased citrate synthase activity, a marker of cellular mitochondrial content, in 50 % of fibroblasts obtained from individuals diagnosed with LS in a PPAR‐γ‐mediated manner. Gene expression analysis and qPCR studies suggested that treating cells with C10 supports fatty acid metabolism, through increasing ACADVL and CPT1 expression, whilst downregulating genes involved in glucose metabolism (PDK3, PDK4). PCK2, involved in blocking glucose metabolism, was upregulated, as was CAT, encoding catalase. Moreover, treatment with C10 also decreased oxidative stress in complex I deficient (rotenone treated) cells. However, since not all cells from subjects with LS appeared to respond to C10, prior cellular testing in vitro could be employed as a means for selecting individuals for subsequent clinical studies involving C10 preparations.