bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using food comfortability to compare food's sensory characteristics expectations of elderly people with or without oral health problems
Authors: Vandenberghe‐Descamps Mathilde , Sulmont‐Rossé Claire , Septier Chantal , Feron Gilles , Labouré Hélène 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFood consumption is by far the most important point where food's organoleptic properties can be perceived and can elicit sensory pleasure. Ageing is often accompanied by oral impairments. Those impairments may impact food perception by changing texture perception and the release of flavor components, which have a significant impact on food acceptability. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of oral health on the perception of food comfortability in an elderly population. This was achieved by asking elderly people with a good oral health and elderly people with poor oral health to rate six cereal products and six meat products using a food comfortability questionnaire. Thirty‐seven and 35 elderly people (65–87 years old) underwent either a cereal or meat session, respectively. The present study showed very few effects of dental and saliva status on food perception. For the cereal products, a significant effect of dental status was observed for one texture descriptor and one flavor descriptor, and a significant effect of salivary status was observed for two texture descriptors and one flavor descriptor. For the meat products, a significant effect of dental status and a significant effect of salivary status were observed on one flavor descriptor. For both products, no significant impact of dental or salivary status was observed on the general perception of food oral comfort nor on food bolus formation. Future studies exploring the impact of a broader set of oral parameters and potential adapting factors are needed to further explore the results of the present study.Practical applicationsDuring oral food consumption, mastication, salivation, and swallowing play a key role in the acceptance of food and beverages by modulating the perception of texture, taste, and aroma, as well as providing eating comfort by assisting the food breakdown process into a bolus that can be safely swallowed. The age‐related oral impairments such as loss of teeth, decrease in salivary flow or dysphagia are known to have an impact on food consumption. However, very few products are developed to skirt those impairments. Therefore, in the context of an ageing population, there is a need to develop functional foods that meet the specific nutritional needs of the elderly population, as well as a well‐balanced flavor and texture framework. Considering the large interindividual variability observed on the elderly people, developing adapted functional foods is a major challenge for the food industry and society.
Persistent neuropsychiatric impairment in HCV patients despite clearance of the virus?!
Authors: Dirks M. , Pflugrad H. , Haag K. , Tillmann H. L. , Wedemeyer H. , Arvanitis D. , Hecker H. , Tountopoulou A. , Goldbecker A. , Worthmann H. , Weissenborn K. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryOne of the most disabling symptoms of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is chronic fatigue. While this is accepted for HCV polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐positive patients, a relationship between HCV infection and chronic fatigue is questioned after successful virus eradication. As fatigue is a subjective criterion, we aimed to evaluate in addition mood alterations and cognitive function in HCV‐exposed patients with only mild liver disease and to assess a) possible interrelationships between these factors and health‐related quality of life and b) the impact of viremia and former interferon treatment. One hundred and fifty‐nine anti‐HCV‐positive individuals without advanced liver disease answered health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), fatigue and depression questionnaires and underwent a battery of attention and memory tests. Accompanying diseases which could distort the results of the study such as HIV co‐infection or drug addiction were exclusion criteria. The patients were subdivided into four groups according to their viremia status and interferon treatment history. Patients' data were evaluated with respect to norms given in the respective test manuals and in addition compared to those of 33 age‐matched healthy controls. Eighty‐five per cent of the patients had chronic fatigue, 50‐60% mild depression or anxiety, 45% memory deficits and 30% attention deficits, irrespective of their HCV viremia status or treatment history. HRQoL correlated negatively with chronic fatigue (P<.001), while cognitive deficits—especially memory function—were independent from fatigue and depression. HCV infection may cause long‐standing cerebral dysfunction that significantly impairs HRQoL and may even persist after clearance of the virus.
The limits of named language varieties and the role of social salience in dialectal contact: The case of Spanish in the United States
Authors: Erker Daniel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractStudying dialectal contact offers linguists an opportunity to critically examine some of our most basic assumptions about language. In particular, careful consideration of geographically constrained patterns of linguistic variation highlights the limitations of named language varieties as tools for linguistic inquiry. Ultimately, the locus of contact is not to be found in the interaction of such abstractions, but rather in the individual minds of those who live in contact communities. The present paper highlights these issues through a discussion of Spanish dialectal contact in the U.S., with a special emphasis on the variable social salience of regionally differentiated features. Work reviewed here is consistent with previous research that finds the relative salience of features to be a key determinant of their trajectory in situations of contact. Change in the use of high salience features is likely to be the result of direct accommodation between speakers, while change in low salience features is likely to arise by other, indirect mechanisms. The role of salience in shaping the outcomes of contact reinforces its inherently social nature, reminding us that what we hope to understand are not the results of dialects in contact, but rather, those of people in contact.
Systems analysis in Cellvibrio japonicus resolves predicted redundancy of β‐glucosidases and determines essential physiological functions
Authors: Nelson Cassandra E. , Rogowski Artur , Morland Carl , Wilhide Joshua A. , Gilbert Harry J. , Gardner Jeffrey G. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryDegradation of polysaccharides forms an essential arc in the carbon cycle, provides a percentage of our daily caloric intake, and is a major driver in the renewable chemical industry. Microorganisms proficient at degrading insoluble polysaccharides possess large numbers of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes), many of which have been categorized as functionally redundant. Here we present data that suggests that CAZymes that have overlapping enzymatic activities can have unique, non‐overlapping biological functions in the cell. Our comprehensive study to understand cellodextrin utilization in the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus found that only one of four predicted β‐glucosidases is required in a physiological context. Gene deletion analysis indicated that only the cel3B gene product is essential for efficient cellodextrin utilization in C. japonicus and is constitutively expressed at high levels. Interestingly, expression of individual β‐glucosidases in Escherichia coli K‐12 enabled this non‐cellulolytic bacterium to be fully capable of using cellobiose as a sole carbon source. Furthermore, enzyme kinetic studies indicated that the Cel3A enzyme is significantly more active than the Cel3B enzyme on the oligosaccharides but not disaccharides. Our approach for parsing related CAZymes to determine actual physiological roles in the cell can be applied to other polysaccharide‐degradation systems.
Pentapeptide‐rich peptidoglycan at the Bacillus subtilis cell‐division site
Authors: Morales Angeles Danae , Liu Yun , Hartman Alwin M. , Borisova Marina , de Sousa Borges Anabela , de Kok Niels , Beilharz Katrin , Veening Jan‐Willem , Mayer Christoph , Hirsch Anna K.H. , Scheffers Dirk‐Jan 
Published: January 2017

SummaryPeptidoglycan (PG), the major component of the bacterial cell wall, is one large macromolecule. To allow for the different curvatures of PG at cell poles and division sites, there must be local differences in PG architecture and eventually also chemistry. Here we report such local differences in the Gram‐positive rod‐shaped model organism Bacillus subtilis. Single‐cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent D‐amino acid analogue (FDAA) HCC‐amino‐D‐alanine revealed that PG at the septum contains muropeptides with unprocessed stem peptides (pentapeptides). Whereas these pentapeptides are normally shortened after incorporation into PG, this activity is reduced at division sites indicating either a lower local degree of PG crosslinking or a difference in PG composition, which could be a topological marker for other proteins. The pentapeptides remain partially unprocessed after division when they form the new pole of a cell. The accumulation of unprocessed PG at the division site is not caused by the activity of the cell division specific penicillin‐binding protein 2B. To our knowledge, this is the first indication of local differences in the chemical composition of PG in Gram‐positive bacteria.
Quality control of a medicinal larval (Lucilia sericata) debridement device based on released gelatinase activity
Authors: PICKLES S. F. , PRITCHARD D. I. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae are manufactured worldwide for the treatment of chronic wounds. Published research has confirmed that the primary clinical effect of the product, debridement (the degradation of non‐viable wound tissue), is accomplished by a range of enzymes released by larvae during feeding. The quality assessment of larval activity is currently achieved during production using meat‐based assays, which monitor insect growth and/or the reduction in substrate mass. To support this, the present authors developed a complementary radial diffusion enzymatic assay to produce a visual and measureable indication of the activity of larval alimentary products (LAP) collected under standardized conditions, against a gelatin substrate. Using basic laboratory equipment and reagents, the assay is rapid and suited to high throughput. Assay reproducibility is high (standard deviation: 0.06–0.27; coefficient of variation: 0.75–4.31%) and the LAP collection procedure does not adversely affect larval survival (mortality: < 2%). Because it is both cost‐ and time‐effective, this method is suited to both academic and industrial use and supports good manufacturing and laboratory practice as a quality control assay.
Locus coeruleus at asymptomatic early and middle Braak stages of neurofibrillary tangle pathology
Authors: Andrés‐Benito P. , Fernández‐Dueñas V. , Carmona M. , Escobar L. A. , Torrejón‐Escribano B. , Aso E. , Ciruela F. , Ferrer I. 
Published: January 2017

AimsThe present study analyses molecular characteristics of the locus coeruleus (LC) and projections to the amygdala and hippocampus at asymptomatic early and middle Braak stages of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology.MethodsImmunohistochemistry, whole‐transcriptome arrays and RT‐qPCR in LC and western blotting in hippocampus and amygdala in a cohort of asymptomatic individuals at stages I–IV of NFT pathology were used.ResultsNFTs in the LC increased in parallel with colocalized expression of tau kinases, increased neuroketal adducts and decreased superoxide dismutase 1 in neurons with hyperphosphorylated tau and decreased voltage‐dependent anion channel in neurons containing truncated tau were found. These were accompanied by increased microglia and AIF1, CD68, PTGS2, IL1β, IL6 and TNF‐α gene expression. Whole‐transcriptome arrays revealed upregulation of genes coding for proteins associated with heat shock protein binding and genes associated with ATP metabolism and downregulation of genes coding for DNA‐binding proteins and members of the small nucleolar RNAs family, at stage IV when compared with stage I. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity was preserved in neurons of the LC, but decreased TH and increased α2A adrenergic receptor protein levels were found in the hippocampus and the amygdala.ConclusionsComplex alteration of several metabolic pathways occurs in the LC accompanying NFT formation at early and middle asymptomatic stages of NFT pathology. Dopaminergic/noradrenergic denervation and increased expression of α2A adrenergic receptor in the hippocampus and amygdala occur at first stage of NFT pathology, suggesting compensatory activation in the face of decreased adrenergic input occurring before clinical evidence of cognitive impairment and depression.
Pretreatment with nebivolol attenuates level and expression of matrix metalloproteinases in a rat model of renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Ersan Sibel , Tanrısev Mehmet , Cavdar Zahide , Celık Asli , Unlu Mehtat , Kocak Ayse , Kose Timur 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAimMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc‐containing proteinases that are involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and a number of cell surface proteins in order to maintain tissue homeostasis. They are involved in pathogenesis of several ischaemic organ injuries. In the present study, we aimed to determine the expression and level of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) model and the potential beneficial effect of nebivolol, a β1‐adrenergic receptor blocker, on both MMP‐2 and ‐9 level and expression and tubular injury caused by IRI.MethodsTwenty Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: sham‐operated , ischaemia–reperfusion, and nebivolol‐pretreated. IRI model was induced by bilateral clamping of renal arteries for 45 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. The analysis of serum creatinine levels, quantity and expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were performed after 24 h of IRI. The effects of nebivolol on level and expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 levels were investigated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The pathological examinations were performed to score tubular damage by light microscopy.ResultsCreatinine levels increased significantly in the ischaemia–reperfusion group compared to the sham‐operated group. Rats in the nebivolol‐pretreated group showed significant decrease in expression and quantity of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 during IRI. The pathological examinations demonstrated significantly low level of tubular injury score in nebivolol‐pretreated group.ConclusionNebivolol attenuated IRI by decreasing the expression and level of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9.
Rebamipide, an anti‐ulcerative drug, inhibits induction of salivary dysfunction by benzodiazepines
Authors: Ogane M , Okubo M , Yoshikawa M , Shinomiya T , Tsukagoshi E , Kawaguchi M 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine whether rebamipide, an antistomach ulcer agent, ameliorated benzodiazepine‐induced hyposalivation in rat parotid gland (PG) and submandibular gland (SMG).MethodsSaliva was collected from PG and SMG through a capillary cannula inserted into the parotid duct and sublingual papillae, respectively, every 15 min for 1 h after stimulation with pilocarpine dissolved in physiological saline and intraperitoneally administered at 1 mg kg−1. Diazepam (DZP) was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 0.2 mg kg−1 twice daily for 7 days. Rebamipide was administered at 10, 20, 30, or 100 mg kg−1 concomitantly with DZP to determine its effect on hyposalivation. The effect of rebamipide on movement of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in isolated parotid acinar cells was analyzed using Fluo4, a fluorescent dye used to detect Ca2+.ResultsRepetitive administration of DZP decreased salivary secretion in PG and SMG. This inhibitory effect was weakened by administration of rebamipide. Prior administration of DZP (10−6M) significantly suppressed carbachol (10−7M)‐induced increase in [Ca2+]i. This inhibitory effect was ameliorated by combined use with rebamipide (5 × 10−4M).ConclusionThis findings suggest that rebamipide weakens the downregulatory effect of DZP on salivary secretion by preventing DZP‐induced suppression of increase in [Ca2+]i.
Cathepsin K modulates invasion, migration and adhesion of oral squamous cell carcinomas in vitro
Authors: Yamashita K , Iwatake M , Okamoto K , Yamada S‐i , Umeda M , Tsukuba T 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveCathepsin K was initially discovered as an osteoclast‐specific cysteine proteinase, but the enzyme is also expressed in various cancers including oral squamous cell carcinomas. This study aimed to clarify the function of cathepsin K in oral squamous cell carcinomas.Materials and MethodsExpression levels of cathepsin K were examined in six types of cell carcinomas. Carcinomas overexpressing cathepsin K were constructed. Effects of cathepsin K overexpression and treatment with odanacatib, a specific cathepsin K inhibitor, on cell invasion, migration and adhesion were analysed.ResultsDifferent levels of cathepsin K were expressed in carcinomas. Cathepsin K was predominantly localised in lysosomes. Cathepsin K overexpression impaired the proliferation of carcinomas. Invasion analysis showed that cathepsin K overexpression enhanced invasion and migration of carcinomas, whereas inhibition of cathepsin K by odanacatib caused the opposite effects in carcinomas. Cathepsin K overexpression also increased cell adhesion and slightly increased surface expression of the adhesion receptor CD29/integrin β1.ConclusionsThe enhanced invasion of carcinomas resulting from cathepsin K overexpression is probably due to the increased cell migration and adhesion. Thus, cathepsin K is implicated not only in protein degradation but also in invasion, migration and adhesion of oral squamous cell carcinomas.
Improvement in phosphate acquisition and utilization by a secretory purple acid phosphatase (OsPAP21b) in rice
Authors: Mehra Poonam , Pandey Bipin Kumar , Giri Jitender 
Published: January 2017

SummaryPhosphate (Pi) deficiency in soil system is a limiting factor for rice growth and yield. Majority of the soil phosphorus (P) is organic in nature, not readily available for root uptake. Low Pi‐inducible purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are hypothesized to enhance the availability of Pi in soil and cellular system. However, information on molecular and physiological roles of rice PAPs is very limited. Here, we demonstrate the role of a novel rice PAP, OsPAP21b in improving plant utilization of organic‐P. OsPAP21b was found to be under the transcriptional control of OsPHR2 and strictly regulated by plant Pi status at both transcript and protein levels. Biochemically, OsPAP21b showed hydrolysis of several organophosphates at acidic pH and possessed sufficient thermostability befitting for high‐temperature rice ecosystems with acidic soils. Interestingly, OsPAP21b was revealed to be a secretory PAP and encodes a distinguishable major APase (acid phosphatase) isoform under low Pi in roots. Further, OsPAP21b‐overexpressing transgenics showed increased biomass, APase activity and P content in both hydroponics supplemented with organic‐P sources and soil containing organic manure as sole P source. Additionally, overexpression lines depicted increased root length, biomass and lateral roots under low Pi while RNAi lines showed reduced root length and biomass as compared to WT. In the light of these evidences, present study strongly proposes OsPAP21b as a useful candidate for improving Pi acquisition and utilization in rice.
Progression of mean pulmonary arterial pressure in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with mild to moderate restriction
Authors: Teramachi Ryo , Taniguchi Hiroyuki , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Ando Masahiko , Kimura Tomoki , Kataoka Kensuke , Suzuki Atsushi , Furukawa Taiki , Sakamoto Koji , Hasegawa Yoshinori 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveElevation of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), yet the progression of MPAP in patients with IPF has not been sufficiently elucidated. We evaluated serial changes in MPAP and its determinants in patients with IPF with mild to moderate restriction.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with IPF who underwent initial evaluations including right heart catheterization (RHC) in our institute from May 2007 to December 2013 with follow‐up RHC at least 1 year later. Patients with forced vital capacity (FVC) < 50% predicted or those with pulmonary artery wedge pressure >15 mm Hg were excluded.ResultsA total of 95 patients were included. Median follow‐up time of second RHC was 1.8 years. MPAP increased significantly at follow‐up (from 16.8 to 20.2 mm Hg; P < 0.001), and annual change in MPAP (ΔMPAP) was 1.8 mm Hg/year. In multiple regression analysis, the lowest oxygen saturation (SpO2
) at 6‐min walk test (6MWT) was an independent predictor of ΔMPAP. When adjusted for age, sex, baseline MPAP and FVC % predicted, ΔMPAP was a significant predictor of mortality (hazard ratio: 1.21; P = 0.001).ConclusionΔMPAP was significantly associated with desaturation in the 6MWT, and with increased mortality in patients with IPF with mild to moderate restriction.
Addressing tuberculosis patients’ medical and socio‐economic needs: a comprehensive programmatic approach
Authors: Contreras Carmen C. , Millones Ana K. , Santa Cruz Janeth , Aguilar Margot , Clendenes Martin , Toranzo Miguel , Llaro Karim , Lecca Leonid , Becerra Mercedes C. , Yuen Courtney M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveFor a cohort of patients with tuberculosis in Carabayllo, Peru, we describe the prevalence of medical comorbidities and socio‐economic needs, the efforts required by a comprehensive support programme (‘TB Cero’) to address them and the success of this programme in linking patients to care.MethodsPatients diagnosed with tuberculosis in Carabayllo underwent evaluations for HIV, diabetes, mental health and unmet basic needs. For patients initiating treatment during 14 September, 2015–15 May, 2016, we abstracted data from evaluation forms and a support request system. We calculated the prevalence of medical comorbidities and the need for socio‐economic support at the time of tuberculosis diagnosis, as well as the proportion of patients successfully linked to care or support.ResultsOf 192 patients, 83 (43%) had at least one medical comorbidity other than tuberculosis. These included eight (4%) patients with HIV, 12 (6%) with diabetes and 62 (32%) deemed at risk for a mental health condition. Of patients who required follow‐up for a comorbidity, 100% initiated antiretroviral therapy, 71% attended endocrinology consultations and 66% attended psychology consultations. Of 126 (65%) patients who completed the socio‐economic evaluation, 58 (46%) reported already receiving food baskets from the municipality, and 79 (63%) were given additional support, most commonly food vouchers and assistance in accessing health care.ConclusionCarabayllo tuberculosis patients face many challenges in addition to tuberculosis. A collaborative, comprehensive treatment support programme can achieve high rates of linkage to care for these needs.