bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lattice point sets for state sampling in approximate dynamic programming
Authors: Cervellera Cristiano , Gaggero Mauro , Macciò Danilo 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThis paper investigates the use of lattice point sets as an efficient method to sample uniformly the state space of discrete‐time dynamic systems for the solution of finite‐horizon optimal control problems using approximate dynamic programming. Lattice point sets are a kind of discretization method, commonly employed for efficient numerical integration, providing a regular and balanced sampling of the state space based on the repetition of elementary unit cells. A convergence analysis of the approximate solution of the control problem to the optimal one is provided, pointing out that such sampling schemes allow one to efficiently exploit possible regularities of the cost‐to‐go functions. Furthermore, it is shown that a higher accuracy may be obtained through suitable transformations of the state vector of the dynamic system. Another advantage of lattice point sets over other sampling schemes is the possibility of evaluating a priori the goodness of a given set over another through the explicit computation of a specific parameter. Simulation results concerning the optimal control of a water reservoirs system are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Tailoring the desired optical and mechanical performance of polyester‐plasticized PVC films: the role of different light stabilizers on the photo‐degradation
Authors: Yin Xiuping , Zhang Jun , Zhang Zhen , Xu Guozhong 
Published: May 2017

Effect of hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS: C944) and ultraviolet absorbers (UVAs: UV326, UV531) on the photo‐stabilities of polyester‐plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polyester‐plasticized PVC/pigment yellow (PY) films were studied systematically. Both ultraviolet absorbers (UVAs) and hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) could slow down the discoloration of polyester‐plasticized PVC and polyester‐plasticized PVC/PY films. However, the addition of UVAs protected polyester‐plasticized PVC films from being discolored and its efficiency is higher than HALS. The specific order of stabilizing effect on the photo‐oxidation is UV326 > UV531 > C944. For the optical performance, both UVAs and HALS could help to maintain the transmittance of visible light after photo‐degradation. The former could effectively adsorb ultraviolet (UV) light and resulted in lower transmittance of UV light. For the polyester‐plasticized PVC/PY systems, even though HALS and UVAs cannot help to maintain the shielding ability in high‐energy visible region after UV irradiation, they can help prevent the loss in transmittance of visible light. The surface morphology exhibited small holes on the surface of the films that contain UV531 or UV326; while large and deep holes were observed on the surface of PVC films without additives, C944‐doped and C944/PY‐doped films, indicating the higher UV‐stabilizing effect of UVAs. With regard to mechanical properties, UVAs and HALS can help to prevent the loss. Our present study systematically revealed the role of different stabilizers on the polyester‐plasticized PVC and polyester‐plasticized PVC/PY systems and paved the way to offer PVC materials with functional optical performance and desired long‐term performance using different light stabilizers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel homozygous splice‐site mutation in RYR1 causes fetal hydrops and affects skeletal and smooth muscle development
Authors: Meier Nicole , Bruder Elisabeth , Filges Isabel 
Published: May 2017

What's already known about this topic?

Mutations in the RYR1 gene can cause variable phenotypes including autosomal dominant malignant hyperthermia, multi‐minicore disease, core‐rod myopathy and autosomal recessive lethal multiple pterygium syndrome at the severe end of the spectrum.
What does this study add?

Autosomal recessive mutations in RYR1 cause non‐immune fetal hydrops more often than previously thought. These mutations affect skeletal muscle development but also impact smooth muscle tissue in early human development. RYR1 should be added to sequencing panels in prenatal diagnostics.
Immobilization and high platelet count are associated with thromboembolic complications in heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Bolbrinker Juliane , Garbe Edeltraut , Douros Antonios , Huber Matthias , Bronder Elisabeth , Klimpel Andreas , Andersohn Frank , Meyer Oliver , Salama Abdulgabar , Kreutz Reinhold 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeImmune‐mediated heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT type II, HIT) is a potentially serious adverse drug reaction characterized by an increased risk of venous and arterial thrombosis. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with the development of these complications.MethodsOur study cohort included patients with HIT assembled in our pharmacovigilance center by reports from 51 collaborating hospitals in Berlin, Germany. To identify risk factors for thromboembolic complications, patients with thromboembolic events (cases) were compared to those without thromboembolic events (controls) in a case‐control design. We applied univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for potential risk factors of thromboembolic complications.ResultsOur cohort comprised 209 HIT patients. Of those, 53 developed thromboembolic complications. Most HIT patients received heparin for medical indications (42.1%) or in the context of cardiovascular surgery (40.2%). Of the 78 thromboembolic complications, 49 (63%) and 29 (37%) were observed in the venous and arterial vascular bed, respectively. The main locations were deep vein thrombosis (39.7%), pulmonary embolism (16.7%), and limb artery thrombosis (16.7%). In multivariable analysis, immobilization prior to HIT (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.2‐18.0; P = .026) and higher platelet counts before initiation of heparin therapy (OR 1.004, 95% CI 1.000‐1.008; P = .046) were independently associated with the occurrence of thromboembolic events.ConclusionsImmobilization and a high platelet count (with a low effect size) are additional risk factors of thromboembolic complications in the course of HIT.
Genetic ancestry and prostate cancer susceptibility SNPs in Puerto Rican and African American men
Authors: Irizarry‐Ramírez Margarita , Kittles Rick A. , Wang Xuemei , Salgado‐Montilla Jeannette , Nogueras‐González Graciela M. , Sánchez‐Ortiz Ricardo , Guerrios Lourdes , Rivera Keila , Shah Ebony , Prokhorova Ina , Roberson Pamela , Troncoso Patricia , Pettaway Curtis A. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe Puerto Rican (PR) population is a racially admixed population that has a high prostate cancer (PCa) mortality rate. We hypothesized in this pilot study that West African Ancestry (WAA) was associated with PCa in this heterogeneous (PR) population.MethodsA case/case and case/control study was performed. Controls, 207 African American (AA) and 133 PR were defined as men with no PCa, a serum PSA < 2.5 ng/mL and a negative rectal examination. Cases were patients with pathological specimens from radical prostatectomies (RP) (291 PR and 200 AA). DNA was extracted from whole blood of controls and from paraffin embedded normal seminal vesicle from the RPs. We assessed the association of PCa and aggressiveness with genetic ancestry using an ancestry informative marker panel (AIMs) and Wilcoxon rank‐sum test and the association of PCa and aggressiveness with 15 previously PCa associated SNPs using Chi square test. Gleason Score (GS) and tumor stage (TS) were used to define low risk (GS ≤ 7[3 + 4]), TS ≤ pT2) and high risk (GS≥ 7[4 + 3], TS > pT2) PCa. Statistical analyses were done using SAS.ResultsNo difference in overall percent WAA was found between PR cases and controls. Among PR or AA cases WAA was not associated with disease severity based upon risk group, Gleason score or stage. Among AA controls WAA was significantly higher than in cases. The SNP rs7824364 (chromosome 8q24) PCa risk allele was significantly increased among cases versus controls for both AA (P < 0.0001) and PR (P = 0.0001) men. PR men with ≥1 risk allele exhibited a higher percent of WAA (39% vs 29%, P = 0.034).ConclusionThe SNP rs7824364, a local marker of WAA in the 8q24 region was associated with PCa among both AA and PR men and with increased WAA among PR men. This novel relationship of PCA risk loci, WAA with PCa and its phenotype among PR men deserves further study.
Identification and analysis of 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene from glyphosate‐resistant Ochrobactrum intermedium Sq20
Authors: Firdous Sadiqa , Iqbal Samina , Anwar Samina , Jabeen Hina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlyphosate is a herbicide that acts by inhibition of the enzyme, 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS), involved in the catalysis of an essential step in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. The objective of this study was the isolation of glyphosate‐resistant bacterial strains and subsequent characterization of the gene(s) encoding glyphosate resistance in these isolates. Using an enrichment culture technique, a glyphosate‐resistant bacterium, Ochrobactrum intermedium Sq20 was isolated from glyphosate‐contaminated indigenous soil and characterized.RESULTSAn open reading frame (ORF) comprising of 1353 bp potentially encoding aroAO. intermedium Sq20 was amplified from O. intermedium Sq20. It showed 97% homology with aroA genes from other Ochrobactrum spp. Physicochemical characterization revealed that aroAO. intermedium Sq20 encodes a polypeptide of 450 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 48.9782 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.21. Secondary structure prediction of AroAO. intermedium Sq20 demonstrated a high percentage of random coils and α helices. Methodical optimization and validation of the protein structure helped to build a reliable protein model indicating the presence of 91.8% amino acid residues in most favoured regions. In addition, strain Sq20 was found to be capable of complete degradation of glyphosate at 500 mg L–1 initial concentration as the sole carbon and energy source within 4 days.CONCLUSIONA glyphosate‐resistant bacterial strain O. intermedium Sq20 was discovered. Sequence analysis and structure modelling demonstrated that AroAO. intermedium Sq20 closely resembles class II EPSPS and possesses high glyphosate resistance. This provides a good foundation for functional analysis of experimentally derived crystal structures. The cloning and characterization of AroAO. intermedium Sq20 will further help in understanding its role at the molecular level and its potential use in the production of glyphosate‐resistant transgenic crops. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Labelling relevant events to support the crisis management operator
Authors: Zoppi Tommaso , Ceccarelli Andrea , Lo Piccolo Francesco , Lollini Paolo , Giunta Gabriele , Morreale Vito , Bondavalli Andrea 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThanks to the large availability of portable devices and the growing interest in the Internet of Things, during crises, social networks, or alerts sent through mobile devices or sensor networks are available and can be matched each other to perform situational analysis. However, the inclusion of multiple heterogeneous sources in situational analyses leads to 2 main issues: (1) a source could deliver (voluntarily or erroneously) wrong data damaging the integrity and the correctness of the analysis, and (2) a significant amount of heterogeneous data need to be processed. As a consequence, the crisis management operator faces a large amount of potentially unreliable data. In this paper, we present a relevance labelling strategy to process information gathered from heterogeneous data streams to select the most relevant events. These are presented to the crisis management operator with the highest priority. Our strategy is evaluated using events collected by the Secure! crisis management system, considering 3 real crisis scenarios happened in Italy in 2015. Results show that our strategy is able to correctly identify sets of relevant events, supporting the activities of the crisis management operator.
The evolution of stories: from mimesis to language, from fact to fiction
Authors: Boyd Brian 
Published: May 2017

Why a species as successful asHomo sapiensshould spend so much time in fiction, in telling one another stories that neither side believes, at first seems an evolutionary riddle. Because of the advantages of tracking and recombining true information, capacities for event comprehension, memory, imagination, and communication evolved in a range of animal species—yet even chimpanzees cannot communicate beyond the here and now. ByHomo erectus, our forebears had reached an increasing dependence on one another, not least in sharing information in mimetic, prelinguistic ways. As Daniel Dor shows, the pressure to pool ever more information, even beyond currently shared experience, led to the invention of language. Language in turn swiftly unlocked efficient forms of narrative, allowing early humans to learn much more about their kind than they could experience at first hand, so that they could cooperate and compete better through understanding one another more fully. This changed the payoff of sociality for individuals and groups. But true narrative was still limited to what had already happened. Once the strong existing predisposition to play combined with existing capacities for event comprehension, memory, imagination, language, and narrative, we could begin to invent fiction, and to explore the full range of human possibilities in concentrated, engaging, memorable forms. First language, then narrative, then fiction, created niches that altered selection pressures, and made us ever more deeply dependent on knowing more about our kind and our risks and opportunities than we could discover through direct experience.WIREs Cogn Sci2018, 9:e1444. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1444This article is categorized under:Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of CognitionLinguistics > Evolution of LanguageNeuroscience > Cognition
Phenotypic plasticity and remodeling in the stress‐inducedCaenorhabditis elegansdauer
Authors: Androwski Rebecca J. , Flatt Kristen M. , Schroeder Nathan E. 
Published: May 2017

Organisms are often capable of modifying their development to better suit their environment. Under adverse conditions, the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansdevelops into a stress‐resistant alternative larval stage called dauer. The dauer stage is the primary survival stage forC. elegansin nature. Large‐scale tissue remodeling during dauer conveys resistance to harsh environments. The environmental and genetic regulation of the decision to enter dauer has been extensively studied. However, less is known about the mechanisms regulating tissue remodeling. Changes to the cuticle and suppression of feeding in dauers lead to an increased resistance to external stressors. Meanwhile reproductive development arrests during dauer while preserving the ability to reproduce once favorable environmental conditions return. Dramatic remodeling of neurons, glia, and muscles during dauer likely facilitate dauer‐specific behaviors. Dauer‐specific pulsation of the excretory duct likely mediates a response to osmotic stress. The power ofC. elegansgenetics has uncovered some of the molecular pathways regulating dauer tissue remodeling. In addition to genes that regulate single remodeling events, several mutants result in pleiotropic defects in dauer remodeling. This review details the individual aspects of morphological changes that occur during dauer formation and discusses molecular mechanisms regulating these processes. The dauer stage provides us with an excellent model for understanding phenotypic plasticity and remodeling from the individual cell to an entire animal.WIREs Dev Biol2017, 6:e278. doi: 10.1002/wdev.278This article is categorized under:Invertebrate Organogenesis > WormsComparative Development and Evolution > Model Systems
A review on the generalization of sufficient dimension reduction methods with the additional information
Authors: Hung Hung , Lu Henry Horng‐Shing 
Published: May 2017

Sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) has been shown to be a powerful statistical method that is able to reduce the dimension of covariates without losing information with respect to the response. Subsequent analysis can then be based on a lower dimensional transformations of covariates, which has the potential to assist model building and to increase the estimation efficiency. In some situations, the additional information could be also available during the data collection process. Although one can proceed with the conventional method, properly utilizing the additional information can greatly improve making statistical inference. It is thus of interest to incorporate the additional information into the practice of SDR methods. In this article, we review the generalizations of SDR methods that are able to utilize different types of the additional information. One will see that, depending on the sources of the additional information, different techniques are required to modify conventional SDR methods to improve estimating the target of interest. WIREs Comput Stat 2017, 9:e1401. doi: 10.1002/wics.1401This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Mathematics
Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational and Molecular Biology
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Dimension Reduction
Non‐local dynamic solution to a Mode‐I crack in an orthotropic medium
Authors: Liu Hai‐Tao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe paper presents the dynamic solution of a Mode‐I crack in an orthotropic medium by use of the non‐local theory, the generalized Almansi's theorem and the Schmidt method. By using Fourier transform, this problem is converted to a pair of dual integral equations. Different from the classical elasticity solution, the present solution exhibits no stress singularity at the crack tips because of the incorporation of non‐local effects. Numerical examples are provided to show the effects of the crack length, the circular frequency of the incident waves and the lattice parameter on the stress field near the crack tips in an orthotropic medium.
Pediatric Predispositional Genetic Risk Communication: Potential Utility for Prevention and Control of Melanoma Risk as an Exemplar
Authors: Wu Yelena P. , Mays Darren , Kohlmann Wendy , Tercyak Kenneth P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPredispositional genetic testing among minor children is intensely debated due to the potential benefits and harms of providing this type of genetic information to children and their families. Existing guidelines on pediatric genetic testing state that predispositional testing could be appropriate for minors if preventive services exist that mitigate children's risk for or severity of the health condition in question. We use the example of hereditary melanoma to illustrate the rationale for and potential application of genetic risk communication for an adult‐onset cancer to a pediatric population where childhood behaviors may reduce risk of disease later in life. We draw from the adult melanoma genetic risk communication and pediatric health behavior change literatures to suggest ways in which genetic test reporting and complementary education could be delivered to children who carry a hereditary risk for melanoma and their families in order to foster children's engagement in melanoma preventive behaviors. Genetic discoveries will continue to yield new opportunities to provide predispositional genetic risk information to unaffected individuals, including children, and could be delivered within programs that provide personalized and translational approaches to cancer prevention.
Sequential Feeding of Lipid Supplement Enriches Beef Adipose Tissues with 18:3n‐3 Biohydrogenation Intermediates
Authors: Vahmani P. , Aalhus J. L. , Rolland D. C. , McAllister T. A. , Prieto N. , Block H. C. , Proctor S. D. , Guan L. L. , Dugan M. E. R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe present study was designed to determine if feeding steers extruded flaxseed and hay (25 and 75%; DM basis) together as a total mixed ration (TMR), or sequentially (non‐TMR) would result in different enrichments of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) in beef adipose tissues [subcutaneous (SC) vs perirenal (PR) fat]. Forty‐eight Angus cross steers (325 ± 16 kg) were stratified by weight to six pens, and pens were randomized to either TMR or non‐TMR and fed ad libitum for an average of 242 days. The concentrations of α‐linolenic acid increased by 18 mol% in both SC and PR in non‐TMR steers compared to TMR steers (P < 0.01). trans 18:1 isomers were more concentrated in PR than SC (14.4 vs 9.5 mol%; P < 0.01) and increased by 10 mol% in both fat depots for non‐TMR (P < 0.01). Other BHI including non‐methylene‐interrupted 18:2 (atypical dienes), conjugated linoleic acids and conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) were affected by diet × tissue interactions (P < 0.01). The CLnA and CLA contents were higher in both fat depots when feeding the non‐TMR, but the effect of diet was more pronounced in PR than in SC (P < 0.01). Atypical dienes were highest in PR from non‐TMR and lowest in TMR fed steers (4.3 and 3.6 mol%) with SC contents being intermediate. The sequential feeding of lipid supplement can thus profoundly affect the enrichment of PUFA and their BHI in beef fat and their differentially enrichment is also fat depot dependant.
Cerebral oxygenation for pain monitoring in adults is ineffective: A sequence-randomized, sham controlled study in volunteers
Authors: Meyer-Frießem Christine H. , Jess Gunnar , Pogatzki-Zahn Esther M. , Zahn Peter K. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
Pain assessment by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) is considered to be good clinical practice, but objective pain assessment is still a challenge. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measures cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (SctO2) that increases with cortical-neuronal activity and may provide point-of-care bedside pain monitoring. Analogous to promising studies in newborns, we hypothesize that different levels of SctO2 can probably quantify pain intensity. SctO2 may increase following painful in contrast to non-painful or sham stimuli and may correlate with pain intensity as assessed by NRS in volunteers.

Methods
Twenty healthy male students (24.2±1.9 years), recruited via local advertising, were consecutively included in a sequence-randomized, sham-controlled, single-blinded study. SctO2 was recorded continuously with two NIRS sensors on the forehead. After resting, four stimuli were applied in a random order on the right forearm (unexpected and expected electrical pain, expected non-painful and sham stimuli). Blinded subjects were asked to rate each stimulus on NRS. Statistics: RM-ANOVA; Wilcoxon or paired Student t-test; Spearman’s rank correlation; P < .05.

Results
Resting volunteers showed SctO2 of 72.65%±3.39. SctO2 significantly increased for about 60 to 70s until a maximum after unexpected painful (74.62%±3.9; P = .022) and sham stimuli (74.07%±3.23; P =.014). Expected painful (P =.139) and non-painful stimuli (P =.455) resulted in no changes in SctO2. NRS scores (median, IQR) were rated significantly higher after expected (5.25, 3.5 to 6.75) than after unexpected (4.5, 3 to 5; P = .008) pain. No strong correlation was found between NRS and SctO2.

Conclusions and Implications
Contrary to our expectations, measuring SctO2 via a two-channel NIRS is not able to remediate the lack of objective bedside pain assessment under standardized experimental conditions in alert adults.