bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stromelysin-2 (MMP10) Moderates Inflammation by Controlling Macrophage Activation
Authors: McMahan Ryan S. , Birkland Timothy P. , Smigiel Kate S. , Vandivort Tyler C. , Rohani Maryam G. , Manicone Anne M. , McGuire John K. , Gharib Sina A. , Parks William C. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Several members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family control a range of immune processes, such as leukocyte influx and chemokine activity. Stromelysin-2 (MMP10) is expressed by macrophages in numerous tissues after injury; however, little is known of its function. In this study, we report that MMP10 is expressed by macrophages in human lungs from patients with cystic fibrosis and induced in mouse macrophages in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection both in vivo and by isolated resident alveolar and bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDM). Our data indicates that macrophage MMP10 serves a beneficial function in response to acute infection. Whereas wild-type mice survived infection with minimal morbidity, 50% of Mmp10−/− mice died and all showed sustained weight loss (morbidity). Although bacterial clearance and neutrophil influx did not differ between genotypes, macrophage numbers were ∼3-fold greater in infected Mmp10−/− lungs than in wild-types. Adoptive transfer of wild-type BMDM normalized infection-induced morbidity in Mmp10−/− recipients to wild-type levels, demonstrating that the protective effect of MMP10 was due to its production by macrophages. Both in vivo and in cultured alveolar macrophages and BMDM, expression of several M1 macrophage markers was elevated, whereas M2 markers were reduced in Mmp10−/− tissue and cells. Global gene expression analysis revealed that infection-mediated transcriptional changes persisted in Mmp10−/− BMDM long after they were downregulated in wild-type cells. These results indicate that MMP10 serves a beneficial role in response to acute infection by moderating the proinflammatory response of resident and infiltrating macrophages.
Clinical and radiographic comparison of various medicaments used for pulpotomy in primary molars: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Goyal Prachi , Pandit I. K. , Gugnani Neeraj , Gupta Monica , Goel Richa , Gambhir Ramandeep Singh 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of ferric sulfate, glutaraldehyde, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as pulpotomy medicaments in primary molars. Materials and Methods: This was a perspective randomized clinical trial. A total of 90 molars from 42 children aged 4–8 years were selected for pulpotomy procedure. Teeth were randomly divided into three equal groups of 30 teeth each. Teeth in Group I were intended to be treated with ferric sulfate, Group II were intended to be treated with buffered glutaraldehyde and Group III with MTA. All the molars were evaluated clinically at 24 h and both clinically and radio graphically at 1, 3, and 6 months. The observations were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: After 1 month, there was no clinical finding observed in all the three groups. At 3 months postoperative evaluation, 13.3% of teeth in Group I and 12.5% of teeth in Group II had mobility. At 6 months interval, pain and sinus formation each was noted in 9.1% of primary teeth in Group I while periodontal ligament widening was reported in 66.7% of teeth in Group I and 85.7% of teeth in Group II. Conclusion: MTA exhibited overall best results as pulpotomy agent for primary molars followed by 15.5% ferric sulfate, whereas 2% buffered glutaraldehyde was found to be least effective as a pulpotomy agent.
Evaluation of the bond strength of root-end placed mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine in the absence/presence of blood contamination
Authors: Akcay Huseyin , Arslan Hakan , Akcay Merve , Mese Merve , Sahin Naciye Nur 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been accepted as an appropriate root-end filling material in endodontic microsurgery because of setting ability in the wet environment. The aim of this study was to assess the bond strength of root-end placed MTA and Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fossés, France) in the absence/presence of blood contamination. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight single-rooted maxillary incisors were used. subsequent to root-end resection and apical preparation using ultrasonic retro-tips, the specimens were randomly separated into two groups according to the root-end filling materials: MTA (Cerkamed Medical Company, Stalowa, Poland) or Biodentine. The specimens were then separated into two subgroups according to storage condition (absence/presence of blood) (n = 12). After obtaining 2.0 ± 0.1 mm slices, push-out tests were performed. Each slice was examined under a stereomicroscope to evaluate the failure mode. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons. The failure modes were analyzed using the Chi-square test (P = 0.05). Results: The bond strength was significantly affected by the presence of blood contamination and root-end filling material type (P < 0.001). Biodentine had better bond strength than MTA (P < 0.001). The most common failure type was adhesive failure. According to the Chi-square test, there were no statistically significant differences among the groups (P = 0.394). Conclusions: Biodentine had better bond strength values compared to MTA, and the bond strength of both MTA and Biodentine as root-end filling materials was negatively affected by the presence of blood.
Chemomechanical caries removal method versus mechanical caries removal methods in clinical and community-based setting: A comparative in vivo study
Authors: Kumar K. V. K. Santosh , Prasad M. Ghanashyam , Sandeep R. Venkata , Reddy S. Pavani , Divya D. , Pratyusha K. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of various caries removal techniques in mandibular primary molars using Smart Burs, atraumatic restorative technique (ART) (mechanical caries removal) and Carie-care (chemomechanical caries removal [CMCR]) among primary school children in clinical and community-based settings. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 carious primary mandibular molars were selected for the study from the dental clinic and community. They were equally assigned to four groups according to caries removal technique and also by the operating site. In Group 1, caries was removed using Carie-care in the dental clinic and in Group 2, with Smart Burs in the dental clinic. In Group 3, caries was removed using Carie-care in the field and in Group 4, with the ART in the field. The time taken for caries removal, the efficacy of caries removal and patient acceptance were evaluated with different caries removal techniques. Statistical Analysis: The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis by ANOVA test. Results: In clinical settings, Carie-care was time-consuming but was more efficient with increased acceptance than Smart Burs and the result was found to be significant statistically (P < 0.05). In community-based settings, Carie-care was more efficient, less time consuming, and showed an increased acceptance when compared to atraumatic restorative treatment and the result was found to be significant statistically (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The CMCR technique was superior to the mechanical caries removal technique in primary teeth among school children in terms of time, efficacy, and acceptance in both clinical- and community-based settings.
Free gingival grafting procedure after excisional biopsy, 12-year follow-up
Authors: Keskiner Ilker , Alkan B. Arzu , Tasdemir Zekeriya 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe total removal of a lesion via excisional biopsy causes gingival recession, resulting in dentin hypersensitivity and esthetical problems. In this case report, a gingival recession defect resulting from an excisional biopsy was treated with a free gingival grafting procedure performed during the same appointment, and its 12-year follow-up was presented. A 44-year-old female patient was presented to our clinic with a firm, pedunculated, red gingival enlargement located on the labial surface of lower incisors. The exposed root surface, after the excisional biopsy, was covered with a free gingival graft. The lesion was pathologically diagnosed as pyogenic granuloma, and in the early postoperative phase, no recurrence was observed, but partial root coverage was determined. At 6-month follow-up, root coverage resulting from “creeping attachment” was observed, and this situation was maintained throughout the 12-year follow-up period. Repetitious postoperative discomfort and emotional stress for the patient may be avoided with a timesaving single appointment performing excisional biopsy and free gingival graft. Free gingival grafting procedure was used for this purpose not only to cover exposed root surfaces but also to eliminate dentin hypersensitivity and make oral hygiene procedures more effective.
Uses of electromyography in dentistry: An overview with meta-analysis
Authors: Nishi Shamima Easmin , Basri Rehana , Alam Mohammad Khursheed 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the uses of electromyography (EMG) in dentistry in the last few years in related research. EMG is an advanced technique to record and evaluate muscle activity. In the previous days, EMG was only used for medical sciences, but now EMG playing a tremendous role in medical as well as dental sector. Materials and Methods: Several electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies published until July 2015. Results: EMG can be used in both diagnosis and treatment purpose to record neuromuscular activity. In dentistry, we can utilize EMG to evaluate muscular activity in function such as chewing and biting or parafunctional activities such as clenching and bruxism. In case of TMJ and myofascial pain disorders, EMG widely is used in the last few years. Conclusions: EMG is one of biometric tests that occur in the modern evidence-based dentistry practice.
Frequency of sucrose exposure on the cariogenicity of a biofilm-caries model
Authors: Díaz-Garrido Natalia , Lozano Carla , Giacaman Rodrigo A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: Although sucrose is considered the most cariogenic carbohydrate in the human diet, the question of how many exposures are needed to induce damage on the hard dental tissues remains unclear. To approach this question, different frequencies of daily sucrose exposure were tested on a relevant biological caries model. Materials and Methods: Biofilms of the Streptococcus mutans were formed on enamel slabs and exposed to cariogenic challenges with 10% sucrose for 5 min at 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, or 10 times per day. After 5 days, biofilms were retrieved to analyze biomass, protein content, viable bacteria, and polysaccharide formation. Enamel demineralization was evaluated by percentage of microhardness loss (percentage surface hardness loss [%SHL]). Results: Biomass, protein content, polysaccharide production, acidogenicity of the biofilm, and %SHL proportionally increased with the number of daily exposures to sucrose (P < 0.05). One daily sucrose exposure was enough to induce 20% more demineralization than the negative unexposed control. Higher frequencies induced greater demineralization and more virulent biofilms, but eight and ten exposures were not different between them in most of the analyzed variables (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Higher sucrose exposure seems to increase cariogenicity, in a frequency-dependent manner, by the modification of bacterial virulent properties.
Esthetic impact of gingival plastic surgery from the dentistry students’ perspective
Authors: Ayyildiz Erdem , Tan Enes , Keklik Hakan , Demirtag Zulfikar , Celebi Ahmet Arif , Pithon Matheus Melo 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of the this study was to evaluate the perception of smile esthetics and alterations in cases of gingival plastic surgery for correction of a gummy smile, by means of alterations in smile photograph among dentistry degree students. Materials and Methods: A frontal smile photograph of a 40-year-old woman having normal occlusion was used with diverse compositions of gingival exposure level and crown length of maxillary teeth. The eight photographs were evaluated by 216 dentistry students in five class groups (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th classes). Results: The results revealed that almost all of the class’ students perceived differences between images, additionally, the highest percentage of students that answered “no difference” was 12% at 1st class’ students. 1st and 2nd class’ students most liked photograph which is 2.5 mm gingival display and 3rd class students liked two different photographs which are 2.5 mm gingival display and 2 mm gingival display whereas 4th class students preferred two different photographs which are 1.5 mm gingival display and 1 mm gingival display, 5th class students preferred photograph which is 1.5 mm gingival display as the most. Conclusion: Esthetic perception of smile improve as a student passes to higher study classes in terms of gingival exposure. The harmonious display of gingiva exhibits an important effect in the smile esthetics rather than reduced or excessive display.
Tooth discoloration induced by a novel mineral trioxide aggregate-based root canal sealer
Authors: Lee Dae-Sung , Lim Myung-Jin , Choi Yoorina , Rosa Vinicius , Hong Chan-Ui , Min Kyung-San 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate tooth discoloration caused by contact with a novel injectable mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based root canal sealer (Endoseal; Maruchi, Wonju, Korea) compared with a widely used resin-based root canal sealer (AHplus; Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany) and conventional MTA (ProRoot; Dentsply, Tulsa, OK, USA). Materials and Methods: Forty standardized bovine tooth samples were instrumented and divided into three experimental groups and one control group (n = 10/group). Each material was inserted into the cavity, and all specimens were sealed with a self-adhesive resin. Based on CIE Lab system, brightness change (ΔL) and total color change (ΔE) of each specimen between baseline and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks were obtained. Results: At all time points, Endoseal showed no significant difference in ΔL and ΔE compared to AHplus and control group (P > 0.05), whereas the ProRoot group showed significantly higher ΔL and ΔE values than the Endoseal group at 2, 4, and 8 weeks (P < 0.05). Therefore, Endoseal showed less discoloration than conventional MTA and a similar color change to AHplus. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, our data indicate that the MTA-based sealer produces a similar amount of tooth discoloration as AHplus which is considered to be acceptable.
Efficiency of gaseous ozone in reducing the development of dry socket following surgical third molar extraction
Authors: Ahmedi Jehona , Ahmedi Enis , Sejfija Osman , Agani Zana , Hamiti Vjosa 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of ozone gas (O3) on the reduction of dry socket (DS) occurrence following surgical extraction of lower jaw third molars, influence of the indication for the extraction, and the difficulty of extraction on the incidence of DS. Materials and Methods: This study included thirty patients with bilaterally impacted third molars of mandible requiring surgical procedure for extraction. Following extraction, in the control group, saline solution was used for irrigation of extraction sockets and in the experimental group, intra-alveolar O3 was applied for 12 s (Prozone, W and H, UK, Ltd.). The surgeries were performed by the same oral surgeon. The follow-up visits were performed at 48 h and on day seven, postsurgery where the symptoms of DS were evaluated and intensity of pain has been recorded using visual analog scale 0–100. Results: In this pilot study, DS was present in 16.67% and 3.33% of cases in the control and experimental groups, respectively (P = 0.20). Conclusion: The application of O3 may reduce the incidence of DS and accelerates the recovery period after the surgery. Prophylactic use of O3 may be suggested in all patients, especially in the patients at a risk of development of DS.
Effects of mannan oligosaccharide and &lt;i&gt;Curcuma xanthorrhiza&lt;/i&gt; essential oil on the intestinal morphologyand stress indicators of broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Mohammad , Nazarizadeh Hasan , Ahani Saeede , Vakili Azghandi Masoume 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. An experiment was carried out that was intended to explore the growth performance, nutrient retention, and heat stress biomarkers of finishing broilers under cyclic heat stress (HS) as modulated by the supplementation of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and Curcuma xanthorrhiza essential oil (CXEO). Two hundred and forty 21-day-old Ross 308 male broilers were allocated to four experimental treatments, each of which was replicated six times with 10 broilers per replicate. The diets included a control (CON), CON + 5 g of MOS kg−1, CON + 400 mg of CXEO kg−1 of feed, and CON + 5 g of MOS kg−1 + 400 mg of CXEO kg−1. From day 22 to 42, birds were subjected to cyclic HS by exposing them to 33 °C for 10 h (from 07:00 to 17:00 LT) and 22 °C from 17:00 to 07:00. Dietary treatments did not have an effect on average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, the duodenal histomorphology, and relative visceral weights. Body weight, average daily gain, villus length, crypt depth, and the villus-length-to-crypt-depth ratio in the jejunum were significantly increased in birds fed MOS or MOS + CXEO diets (p < 0.05). The relative bursa weight of the control birds was lower (p <  0.05) compared to those fed the MOS diet. Compared with CON, dietary treatments reduced corticosterone and creatine kinase levels, the heterophile-to-lymphocyte ratio, and mRNA levels of heat shock protein 70 in the breast muscle and jejunum (p < 0.05). It was concluded that dietary supplementation of either MOS or CXEO alone or in combination may reduce some of the harmful effects of HS in broiler chickens.
Application of an online ion-chromatography-based instrument for gradient flux measurements of speciated nitrogen and sulfur
Authors: Rumsey Ian C. , Walker John T. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The dry component of total nitrogen and sulfur atmospheric deposition remains uncertain. The lack of measurements of sufficient chemical speciation and temporal extent make it difficult to develop accurate mass budgets and sufficient process level detail is not available to improve current air–surface exchange models. Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in the development of continuous air sampling measurement techniques, resulting with instruments of sufficient sensitivity and temporal resolution to directly quantify air–surface exchange of nitrogen and sulfur compounds. However, their applicability is generally restricted to only one or a few of the compounds within the deposition budget. Here, the performance of the Monitor for AeRosols and GAses in ambient air (MARGA 2S), a commercially available online ion-chromatography-based analyzer is characterized for the first time as applied for air–surface exchange measurements of HNO3, NH3, NH4+, NO3−, SO2 and SO42−. Analytical accuracy and precision are assessed under field conditions. Chemical concentrations gradient precision are determined at the same sampling site. Flux uncertainty measured by the aerodynamic gradient method is determined for a representative 3-week period in fall 2012 over a grass field. Analytical precision and chemical concentration gradient precision were found to compare favorably in comparison to previous studies. During the 3-week period, percentages of hourly chemical concentration gradients greater than the corresponding chemical concentration gradient detection limit were 86, 42, 82, 73, 74 and 69 % for NH3, NH4+, HNO3, NO3−, SO2 and SO42−, respectively. As expected, percentages were lowest for aerosol species, owing to their relatively low deposition velocities and correspondingly smaller gradients relative to gas phase species. Relative hourly median flux uncertainties were 31, 121, 42, 43, 67 and 56 % for NH3, NH4+, HNO3, NO3−, SO2 and SO42−, respectively. Flux uncertainty is dominated by uncertainty in the chemical concentrations gradients during the day but uncertainty in the chemical concentration gradients and transfer velocity are of the same order at night. Results show the instrument is sufficiently precise for flux gradient applications.
A meta-analysis and statistical modelling of nitrates in groundwater at the African scale
Authors: Ouedraogo Issoufou , Vanclooster Marnik 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Contamination of groundwater with nitrate poses a major health risk to millions of people around Africa. Assessing the space–time distribution of this contamination, as well as understanding the factors that explain this contamination, is important for managing sustainable drinking water at the regional scale. This study aims to assess the variables that contribute to nitrate pollution in groundwater at the African scale by statistical modelling. We compiled a literature database of nitrate concentration in groundwater (around 250 studies) and combined it with digital maps of physical attributes such as soil, geology, climate, hydrogeology, and anthropogenic data for statistical model development. The maximum, medium, and minimum observed nitrate concentrations were analysed. In total, 13 explanatory variables were screened to explain observed nitrate pollution in groundwater. For the mean nitrate concentration, four variables are retained in the statistical explanatory model: (1) depth to groundwater (shallow groundwater, typically < 50 m); (2) recharge rate; (3) aquifer type; and (4) population density. The first three variables represent intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater systems to pollution, while the latter variable is a proxy for anthropogenic pollution pressure. The model explains 65 % of the variation of mean nitrate contamination in groundwater at the African scale. Using the same proxy information, we could develop a statistical model for the maximum nitrate concentrations that explains 42 % of the nitrate variation. For the maximum concentrations, other environmental attributes such as soil type, slope, rainfall, climate class, and region type improve the prediction of maximum nitrate concentrations at the African scale. As to minimal nitrate concentrations, in the absence of normal distribution assumptions of the data set, we do not develop a statistical model for these data. The data-based statistical model presented here represents an important step towards developing tools that will allow us to accurately predict nitrate distribution at the African scale and thus may support groundwater monitoring and water management that aims to protect groundwater systems. Yet they should be further refined and validated when more detailed and harmonized data become available and/or combined with more conceptual descriptions of the fate of nutrients in the hydrosystem.