bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floodplain forests of the Iberian Peninsula: Vegetation classification and climatic features
Authors: Biurrun Idoia , Campos Juan Antonio , García‐Mijangos Itziar , Herrera Mercedes , Loidi Javier 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimsTo produce a formalized classification of floodplain forests in the Iberian Peninsula and to assess their main bioclimatic gradients.LocationIberian Peninsula.MethodsA data set with more than 3000 vegetation plots of floodplain forests was compiled from vegetation‐plot databases, while climatic data were derived from a digital climatic atlas. After filtering of plots according to their area and geographic stratification, 1892 plots were used to build a typology from association to order level using multivariate classification methods (Fuzzy C‐means, agglomerative hierarchical clustering). The phi fidelity index was used to determine the diagnostic species of the syntaxa in the proposed classification. Main climatic gradients were explored using non‐metric multidimensional gradient analysis, and ANOVA was carried out in order to define the bioclimatic features of Iberian floodplain forests.ResultsA total of 41 floodplain forest associations were distinguished for the Iberian Peninsula, grouped in nine suballiances, four alliances and two orders. Mediterraneity (summer aridity) was the main climatic driver, as it separates the temperate floodplain forests of the order Alno‐Fraxinetalia from the Mediterranean forests of the Populetalia albae. Continentality and precipitation were mainly relevant at alliance level, as they separated both the temperate alliances Alnion and Hyperico‐Alnion, the latter more oceanic, and the Mediterranean alliances Populion and Osmundo‐Alnion, the latter from more rainy areas. Temperature was an important driver at association level, as the associations included in the same suballiance or alliance differed regarding their thermicity index.ConclusionsOur study develops the first formalized classification of Iberian floodplain forests and provides their bioclimatic diagnosis. One new alliance, Hyperico‐Alnion, is proposed for floodplain forests of the Cantabrian watershed. Mediterraneity, continentality and precipitation drive floodplain forest diversity at broad scale, while temperature is the main bioclimatic driver at fine scale. The proposed classification provides the scientific basis for the conservation of this habitat type, with high conservation priority, in southern Europe.
N‐acetylcysteine for non‐paracetamol drug‐induced liver injury: a systematic review
Authors: Chughlay Mohamed Farouk , Kramer Nicole , Spearman C. Wendy , Werfalli Mahmoud , Cohen Karen 
Published: January 2016

AimsN‐acetylcysteine (NAC) may be useful in the management of non‐paracetamol drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). Our objective was to review systematically evidence for the use of NAC as a therapeutic option for non‐paracetamol DILI.MethodsWe searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies. We searched several bibliographic databases, grey literature sources, conference proceedings and ongoing trials. Our pre‐specified primary outcomes were all cause and DILI related mortality, time to normalization of liver biochemistry and adverse events. Secondary outcomes were proportion receiving liver transplant, time to transplantation, transplant‐free survival and hospitalization duration.ResultsWe identified one RCT of NAC vs. placebo in patients with non‐paracetamol acute liver failure. There was no difference in the primary outcomes of overall survival at 3 weeks between NAC [70%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 60%, 81%, n = 81] and placebo (66%, 95% CI = 56%, 77%, n = 92). NAC significantly improved the secondary outcomes of transplant‐free survival compared with placebo: 40% NAC (95% CI = 28%, 51%) vs. 27% placebo (95% CI = 18%, 37%). A subgroup analysis according to aetiology found improved transplant‐free survival in patients with non‐paracetamol DILI, NAC (58%, n = 19) vs. placebo (27%, n = 26), odds ratio (OR) 0.27 (95% CI = 0.076, 0.942). Overall survival was similar, NAC (79%) vs. placebo (65%);, OR 0.50 (95% CI = 0.13, 1.98).ConclusionCurrent available evidence is limited and does not allow for any firm conclusions to be made regarding the role of NAC in non‐paracetamol DILI. We therefore highlight the need for further research in this area.
The Latent Class Twin Method
Authors: Baker Stuart G. 
Published: January 2016

Summary
The twin method refers to the use of data from same-sex identical and fraternal twins to estimate the genetic and environmental contributions to a trait or outcome. The standard twin method is the variance component twin method that estimates heritability, the fraction of variance attributed to additive genetic inheritance. The latent class twin method estimates two quantities that are easier to interpret than heritability: the genetic prevalence, which is the fraction of persons in the genetic susceptibility latent class, and the heritability fraction, which is the fraction of persons in the genetic susceptibility latent class with the trait or outcome. We extend the latent class twin method in three important ways. First, we incorporate an additive genetic model to broaden the sensitivity analysis beyond the original autosomal dominant and recessive genetic models. Second, we specify a separate survival model to simplify computations and improve convergence. Third, we show how to easily adjust for covariates by extending the method of propensity scores from a treatment difference to zygosity. Applying the latent class twin method to data on breast cancer among Nordic twins, we estimated a genetic prevalence of 1%, a result with important implications for breast cancer prevention research.
Intrinsic motivation as a mediator between metacognition deficits and impaired functioning in psychosis
Authors: Luther Lauren , Firmin Ruth L. , Vohs Jenifer L. , Buck Kelly D. , Rand Kevin L. , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivePoor functioning has long been observed in individuals with psychosis. Recent studies have identified metacognition – one's ability to form complex ideas about oneself and others and to use that information to respond to psychological and social challenges–as being an important determinant of functioning. However, the exact process by which deficits in metacognition lead to impaired functioning remains unclear. This study first examined whether low intrinsic motivation, or the tendency to pursue novel experiences and to engage in self‐improvement, mediates the relationship between deficits in metacognition and impaired functioning. We then examined whether intrinsic motivation significantly mediated the relationship when controlling for age, education, symptoms, executive functioning, and social cognition.DesignMediation models were examined in a cross‐sectional data set.MethodsOne hundred and seventy‐five individuals with a psychotic disorder completed interview‐based measures of metacognition, intrinsic motivation, symptoms, and functioning and performance‐based measures of executive functioning and social cognition.ResultsAnalyses revealed that intrinsic motivation mediated the relationship between metacognition deficits and impaired functioning (95% CI of indirect effect [0.12–0.43]), even after controlling for the aforesaid variables (95% CI of indirect effect [0.04–0.29]).ConclusionsResults suggest that intrinsic motivation may be a mechanism that underlies the link between deficits in metacognition and impaired functioning and indicate that metacognition and intrinsic motivation may be important treatment targets to improve functioning in individuals with psychosis.Practitioner points

The findings of this study suggest that deficits in metacognition may indirectly lead to impaired functioning through their effect on intrinsic motivation in individuals with psychosis.

Psychological treatments that target deficits in both metacognition and intrinsic motivation may help to alleviate impaired functioning in individuals with psychosis.

Limitations

The cross‐sectional design of this study is a limitation, and additional longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the direction of the findings and rule out rival hypotheses.

Generalization of the findings may be limited by the sample composition. It may be that different relationships exist between metacognition, intrinsic motivation, and functioning in those with early psychosis or among those in an acute phase or who decline treatment.
Conceptual Change in Science Is Facilitated Through Peer Collaboration for Boys but Not for Girls
Authors: Leman Patrick J. , Skipper Yvonne , Watling Dawn , Rutland Adam 
Published: January 2016

Three hundred and forty‐one children (Mage = 9,0 years) engaged in a series of science tasks in collaborative, same‐sex pairs or did not interact. All children who collaborated on the science tasks advanced in basic‐level understanding of the relevant task (motion down an incline). However, only boys advanced in their conceptual understanding at a 3‐week posttest. Discussion of concepts and procedural aspects of the task led to conceptual development for boys but not girls. Gender differences in behavioral style did not influence learning. Results are discussed in terms of the links between gender and engagement in conversations, and how gender differences in collaboration may relate to differences in participation in science.
Immunometabolic biomarkers of inflammation in Behçet's disease: relationship with epidemiological profile, disease activity and therapeutic regimens
Authors: Cantarini L , Pucino V , Vitale A , Talarico R , M. Lucherini O , Magnotti F , De Rosa V , Galgani M , Alviggi C , Marone G , Galeazzi M , Matarese G 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBehcet's disease (BD) is a systemic inflammatory disease with a still unclear pathogenesis. Although several inflammatory molecules have been studied, current biomarkers are largely insensitive in BD and unable to predict disease progression and response to treatment. Our primary aim was to explore serum levels of soluble CD40 L (sCD40L), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), myeloperoxidase (MPO), leptin, resistin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble type 1 tumour necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR), interleukin (IL)−6 and serum amyloid A (SAA) serum concentration in a cohort of 27 BD patients. The secondary aim was to evaluate potential correlations between the putative circulating biomarkers, demographic profile of patients, the status of disease activity, the specific organ involvement at the time of sample collection and different therapeutic regimens. Serum concentrations of sTNFR (P = 0·008), leptin (P = 0·0011), sCD40L (P &lt; 0·0001) and IL-6 (P = 0·0154) were significantly higher in BD patients than in HC, while no difference was found in MCP-1, MPO and resistin serum levels. Moreover, we observed significantly higher sTNFR serum concentrations in BD patients presenting inactive disease than HC (P = 0·0108). A correlation between sTNFR and age was also found, with higher levels in patients over 40 years than HC (P = 0·0329). Although further research is warranted to elucidate the role of circulating biomarkers, some of that may contribute to the understanding of the physiopathology processes underlying BD activity and damage as well as to provide useful tools for prognostic purposes and a personalized treatment approach.
Effects of light variation on Schwalbe's line‐based anterior chamber angle metrics measured with cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Marion Kenneth M , Niemeyer Moritz , Francis Brian , Sadda Srinivas R , Chopra Vikas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundEvaluate the impact of variations in ambient lighting conditions on the reproducibility/reliability of Schwalbe's Line (SL)‐based anterior chamber angle (ACA) metrics using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT).DesignImages were taken at Doheny Eye Centers‐UCLA clinic, which were randomized, masked and graded twice by dual reading centre graders.ParticipantsTwenty‐five normal/healthy participants with open anglesMethodsInferior angles were imaged using Cirrus SD‐OCT under five light levels (foot‐candles (fc) measured at camera‐eye interface with Sper light‐meter) with the instrument's corneal illumination function set to default level of 50 (CIdef) and low 5 (CIlow). Each eye was imaged 20 times, totaling 500 assessments.Main Outcome MeasuresSL‐angle‐opening‐distance (SL‐AOD) and SL‐trabecular‐iris‐space‐area (SL‐TISA) measured using custom ImageJ software. Intra‐/inter‐grader variability analyses were completed using Statistical‐Package‐for‐Social‐Science and Bland–Altman plots demonstrated limits of agreement for comparisons.ResultsLight level demonstrated a linear relationship with angle size, thus differences from highest to lowest light levels were compared. Decreasing light from 1.0 → 0.0fc at CIdef decreased SL‐AOD from 394 µm +/− 137 µm → 356 µm +/− 137 µm (mean percent difference (MPD) = 10.71%,P < 0.001) and SL‐TISA from 297 µm2 +/− 114 µm2 → 261 µm2 +/− 109 µm2 (MPD = 13.7%, P < 0.001). Decreasing from 1.0 → 0.0fc at CIlow decreased SL‐AOD from 366 µm +/− 136 µm → 329 µm +/− 122 µm (MPD = 10.9%, P < 0.001) and SL‐TISA from 271 µm2 +/− 113 µm2 → 234 µm2 +/− 98 µm2 (MPD = 15.8%, P < 0.001). There was 7.9/11.4% (both P < 0.001) difference for SL‐AOD/SL‐TISA between CIdef → CIlow at 1.0fc, and 7.7/9.4% (both P < 0.001) difference at 0.0fc.Intra‐/inter‐grader results showed high reproducibility for all metrics (MPD = 0.33–4.4%; CV = 0.96–1.36; PCC = 0.93–0.95(P < 0.001); R2 = 0.94–0.98). Bland–Altman plots did not demonstrate bias, with repeat‐ability and agreement among measurements.ConclusionsUsing Cirrus SD‐OCT, we found that SL‐based ACA morphometrics are exquisitely sensitive to changes in ambient illumination and also corneal illumination by the OCT instrument. Consistently imaging in the darkest room possible is recommended (≤0.2 fce).
Consistency of a mobile body composition trailer: a novel portable laboratory assessment?
Authors: Gerstner Gena R. , Ryan Eric D. , Kleinberg Craig R. , Tweedell Andrew J. , Smith‐Ryan Abbie E. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe purpose of this investigation was to (i) assess the test–retest reliability and minimum difference (MD) values of air‐displacement plethysmography (ADP) and the Siri 3‐compartment (3‐C) model in a mobile trailer, and (ii) identify any environmental fluctuations in the trailer.Methodspercent body fat (%BF) was examined in 22 firefighters on two separate days in a climate‐controlled mobile trailer using ADP. Total body water was examined in a subset of participants (n = 12) using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) to determine %BF using Siri's 3‐C model.ResultsThere were no differences in environmental measures (P≥0·138), %BF for ADP (P = 0·276), or %BF for the Siri 3‐C model (P = 0·382) between day 1 and day 2. Intraclass correlation coefficient and standard error of measurement values for ADP and the Siri 3‐C model were 0·978 and 1·3% and 0·986 and 0·6%, respectively. The MD values were 3·6% and 1·7%, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that ADP can reliably determine %BF when transported in a climate‐controlled mobile trailer. Additional accuracy is achievable with the Siri 3‐C model, providing an attractive and promising method to measure body composition in larger scale community‐based settings.
Limits of ventricular function: from athlete's heart to a failing heart
Authors: Forteza‐Albertí José Francisco , Sanchis‐Gomar Fabian , Lippi Giuseppe , Cervellin Gianfranco , Lucia Alejandro , Calderón‐Montero Francisco Javier 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe interest in the study of ventricular function has grown considerably in the last decades. In this review, we analyse the extreme values of ventricular function as obtained with Doppler echocardiography. We mainly focus on the parameters that have been used throughout the history of Doppler echocardiography to assess left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function. The ‘athlete's heart’ would be the highest expression of ventricular function whereas its lowest expression is represented by the failing heart, independently from the original aetiology leading to this condition. There are, however, morphological similarities (dilation and hypertrophy) between the athlete's and the failing heart, which emerge as physiological and pathophysiological adaptations, respectively. The introduction of new assessment techniques, specifically speckle tracking, may provide new insight into the properties that determine ventricular filling, specifically left ventricular twisting. The concept of ventricular function must be always considered, although it may not be always possible to distinguish the normal heart of sedentary individuals from that of highly trained hearts based solely on echocardiographic or basic studies.
A method for predicting peak work rate for cycle ergometer and treadmill ramp tests
Authors: Saengsuwan Jittima , Nef Tobias , Hunt Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBackgroundPrediction of peak work rate (WRpeak) for incremental exercise testing (IET) is important to bring subjects to their maximal performance within the recommended 8–12 min. This study developed a novel method for prediction of WRpeak for IET on cycles and treadmills.MethodsPeak metabolic equivalent of task (METpred) was predicted based on an existing non‐exercise prediction formula, and then, predicted peak work rate (WRpred) was derived from separate formulae for the cycle and the treadmill. Eighteen healthy subjects were included.ResultsIn males, there was no difference between WRpred versus WRpeak for both the cycle ergometer (277·7 versus 275·6 W, P = 0·70) and the treadmill (264·1 versus 260·5, P = 0·58). In females, there was no difference between WRpred versus WRpeak for the cycle ergometer (187·1 versus 188·3 W, P = 0·90), but a significant difference was found between WRpred versus WRpeak on the treadmill (178·6 versus 151·9 W, P<0·05).For males, the mean absolute percentage errors for WRpred versus WRpeak were 4·6% and 5·7% for the cycle and treadmill, respectively. For females, the errors were 12·2% and 20·8%. The algorithm was successful in achieving the required duration of 8–12 min in 33 of 36 cases.ConclusionsThe peak work rate prediction protocol was accurate in male subjects for both the cycle and the treadmill. In female subjects, the method was accurate for the cycle, but systematically overpredicted the peak work rate on the treadmill. The protocol requires further adaptation for females on the treadmill.
Modeling Sequential Information Acquisition Behavior in Rational Decision Making
Authors: Tavana Madjid , Di Caprio Debora , Santos Arteaga Francisco J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTMost real‐life decisions are made with less than perfect information and there is often some opportunity to acquire additional information to increase the quality of the decision. In this article, we define and study the sequential information acquisition process of a rational decision maker (DM) when allowed to acquire any finite amount of information from a set of products defined by vectors of characteristics. The information acquisition process of the DM depends both on the values of the characteristics observed previously and the number and potential realizations of the remaining characteristics. Each time an observation is acquired, the DM modifies the probability of improving upon the products already observed with the number of observations available. We construct two real‐valued functions whose crossing points determine the decision of how to allocate each available piece of information. We provide several numerical simulations to illustrate the information acquisition incentives defining the behavior of the DM. Applications to knowledge management and decision support systems follow immediately from our results, particularly when considering the introduction and acceptance of new technological products and when formalizing online search environments.
Familial partial lipodystrophy linked to a novel peroxisome proliferator activator receptor ‐γ (PPARG) mutation, H449L: a comparison of people with this mutation and those with classic codon 482 Lamin A/C (LMNA) mutations
Authors: Demir T. , Onay H. , Savage D. B. , Temeloglu E. , Uzum A. K. , Kadioglu P. , Altay C. , Ozen S. , Demir L. , Cavdar U. , Akinci B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimsTo describe the phenotype associated with a novel heterozygous missense PPARG mutation discovered in a Turkish family and to compare the fat distribution and metabolic characteristics of subjects with the peroxisome proliferator activator receptor ‐γ (PPARG) mutation with those of a cluster of patients with familial partial lipodystrophy with classic codon 482 Lamin A/C (LMNA) mutations.MethodsThe study involved four subjects with familial partial lipodystrophy who had a novel PPARG mutation (H449L) and six subjects with classic codon 482 LMNA mutations (R482W).ResultsCompared with subjects with LMNA R482W mutation, fat loss was generally less prominent in subjects with the PPARG H449L mutation. Partial fat loss was limited to the extremities, whilst truncal fat mass was preserved. The PPARG H449L mutation was associated with insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridaemia and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in all affected subjects, but the severity was variable. Three out of four mutation carriers had overt diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Pioglitazone therapy in these three individuals resulted in a modest improvement in their metabolic control, and regular menstrual cycles in the two female subjects.ConclusionsWe suggest that relatively modest fat loss in patients with PPARG mutations may render the recognition of the syndrome more difficult in routine clinical practice. The PPARG H449L mutation is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic complications, but their severity is variable among the affected subjects.
Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities for Entry‐Level Business Analytics Positions: A Multi‐Method Study
Authors: Cegielski Casey G. , Jones‐Farmer L. Allison 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIt is impossible to deny the significant impact from the emergence of big data and business analytics” on the fields of Information Technology, Quantitative Methods, and the Decision Sciences. Both industry and academia seek to hire talent in these areas with the hope of developing organizational competencies. This article describes a multi‐method research agenda that was executed to ascertain insights regarding which knowledge, skills, and abilities, (KSAs) are valued by employers seeking to hire entry‐level analytics professionals from schools of business. Current undergraduate business analytics programs are first examined to define the research scope. A triangulated mixed‐method research approach is then used to determine the knowledge, skills, and abilities that are in demand for entry‐level jobs in this area. Finally, the multi‐method triangulation of data is combined with experiences in building academic programs in business analytics at two nationally‐ranked state universities to offer insights for those seeking to develop academic programs in this area.