bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface roughness affects the running speed of tropical canopy ants
Authors: Yanoviak Stephen P. , Silveri Cheryl , Stark Alyssa Y. , Van Stan John T. , Levia Delphis F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCursorial central‐place foragers like ants are expected to minimize travel costs by choosing the least resistive pathways to food resources. Tropical arboreal and semi‐arboreal ants locomote over a variety of plant surfaces, and their choice of pathways is selective. We measured the roughness of tree trunk and liana stem surfaces using laser scanning technology, and explored its consequences for running speed in various ant taxa. The average amplitude of tree trunk surface roughness differed interspecifically, and ranged from 1.4–2.2 mm among three common tree species (Anacardium excelsum, Alseis blackiana, and Dipteryx panamensis). The roughness of liana stems also varied interspecifically (among Tontelea ovalifolia, Bauhinia sp. and Paullinia sp.) and was an order of magnitude lower than tree surface roughness (mean amplitude ranged 0.09–0.19 mm). Field observations of various ant species foraging on tree trunks and liana stems, and on dowels covered with sandpaper, showed that their running speed declined with increasing amplitude of roughness. The effect of roughness on running speed was strongest for mid‐sized ants (Azteca trigona and Dolichoderus bispinosus). The accumulation rate of ants at baits did not vary with tree surface roughness, but was significantly lower on moss‐covered versus moss‐free bark. Collectively, these results indicate that the quality of plant substrates can influence the foraging patterns of arboreal ants, but likely is more important for resource discovery than for dominance on bare tree surfaces.
Fine partitioning of epiphyte habitat within Johansson zones in tropical Australian rain forest trees
Authors: Sanger Jennifer C. , Kirkpatrick James B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFor over three decades, the Johansson zones have been widely used in epiphyte studies as a way of stratifying the host tree into habitat zones. The usefulness of this system, however, has been questioned. We test the effectiveness of the Johansson zones by grouping epiphyte species by the substrate and microclimatic attributes of their individual occurrences and assessing the fidelity of these groups to the Johansson zones. Habitat characteristics were recorded for every individual epiphyte on 30 trees in the lower montane rain forests of northeastern Australia. Twenty‐four epiphyte species were agglomerated into four groups using Ward's method. Group 4 was highly distinct and included shade‐loving species and nomadic vines from the lower zones of the host trees. Group 3 contained species from the most exposed habitats. Group 1 had higher light levels and lower substrate thickness than Group 2, yet both groups had close to identical distributions over the Johansson zones. This suggests that groups of epiphyte species may utilize different micro‐sites within the same zone. While the Johansson zones are a useful tool in epiphyte studies, finer partitioning of habitat within the host tree may be missed.
Ophthalmic manifestations of tuberous sclerosis: a review
Authors: Hodgson Nickisa , Kinori Michael , Goldbaum Michael H , Robbins Shira L 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTuberous sclerosis or tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), one of the phakomatoses, is characterized by hamartomas of the heart, kidney, brain, skin and eyes. Ophthalmologic examinations are required in all cases of TSC. Retinal hamartomas are the most common ocular finding in tuberous sclerosis. The majority of hamartomas are non‐progressive; however, lesions with subretinal fluid and progression have been reported. This paper details the genetics, clinical features and ocular findings of TSC and reviews potential therapeutic options for ophthalmic manifestations.
Anastomotic leaks can be detected within 5 days following ileorectal anastomosis: a case‐controlled study in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Aziz O. , Albeyati A. , Derias M. , Varsani N. , Ashrafian H. , Athanasiou T. , Clark S. K. , Jenkins J. T. , Kennedy R. H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimTo determine the earliest time point at which anastomotic leaks can be detected in patients undergoing total colectomy with primary ileorectal anastomosis for familial adenomatous polyposis.MethodThis was a case‐controlled study of 10 anastomotic leak patients vs 20 controls following laparoscopic total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis for familial adenomatous polyposis (from 96 consecutive patients between 2006 and 2013). Panel time‐series data regression was performed using a double subscript structure to include both variables. A generalized least squares multivariate approach was applied in a random effects setting to calculate correlations for observations, with anastomotic leak being the dependent variable. Univariate and multivariate regression calculations were then performed according to individual observations at each recorded time point. Time‐series analysis was used to determine when a variable became significant in the leak group.ResultsMultivariate analysis identified a significant difference between leak and control groups in mean heart rate (P < 0.001), mean respiratory rate (P = 0.017) and mean urine output (P = 0.001). Time‐point analysis showed that heart rate was significantly different between leak and control groups at postoperative day 4.25. Multivariate analysis identified a significant difference between groups in alanine transaminase (P = 0.006), bilirubin (P = 0.008), creatinine (P = 0.001), haemoglobin (P < 0.001) and urea (P = 0.007). There were no differences between groups with regard to markers of inflammation such as albumin, white blood cell count, neutrophil count and C‐reactive protein.ConclusionAnastomotic leaks can be detected early (within 4.5 days of surgery) through changes in physiological, blood test and observational parameters, providing an opportunity for early intervention in these patients to salvage the anastomosis.
Words Get in the Way: Linguistic Effects on Talker Discrimination
Authors: Narayan Chandan R. , Mak Lorinda , Bialystok Ellen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA speech perception experiment provides evidence that the linguistic relationship between words affects the discrimination of their talkers. Listeners discriminated two talkers' voices with various linguistic relationships between their spoken words. Listeners were asked whether two words were spoken by the same person or not. Word pairs varied with respect to the linguistic relationship between the component words, forming either: phonological rhymes, lexical compounds, reversed compounds, or unrelated pairs. The degree of linguistic relationship between the words affected talker discrimination in a graded fashion, revealing biases listeners have regarding the nature of words and the talkers that speak them. These results indicate that listeners expect a talker's words to be linguistically related, and more generally, indexical processing is affected by linguistic information in a top‐down fashion even when listeners are not told to attend to it.
Improving Human‐Machine Cooperative Classification Via Cognitive Theories of Similarity
Authors: Roads Brett D. , Mozer Michael C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAcquiring perceptual expertise is slow and effortful. However, untrained novices can accurately make difficult classification decisions (e.g., skin‐lesion diagnosis) by reformulating the task as similarity judgment. Given a query image and a set of reference images, individuals are asked to select the best matching reference. When references are suitably chosen, the procedure yields an implicit classification of the query image. To optimize reference selection, we develop and evaluate a predictive model of similarity‐based choice. The model builds on existing psychological literature and accommodates stochastic, dynamic shifts of attention among visual feature dimensions. We perform a series of human experiments with two stimulus types (rectangles, faces) and nine classification tasks to validate the model and to demonstrate the model's potential to boost performance. Our system achieves high accuracy for participants who are naive as to the classification task, even when the classification task switches from trial to trial.
Cerebrovascular events in 20 years of follow‐up after liver transplantation: an underestimated issue?
Authors: Schoening Wenzel , Buescher Niklas , Neidel Nadja , Helbig Michael , Andreou Andreas , Pascher Andreas , Bahra Marcus , Pratschke Johann , Seehofer Daniel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundCardio‐ and cerebrovascular diseases are the third leading cause of late death after liver transplantation (LT). A new score (PROCAM‐Stroke) has been established to estimate the 10‐year risk of cerebrovascular events (CBVE) in a German standard population. We evaluate the applicability of the PROCAM‐Stroke for long‐term follow‐up after LT.Patients and MethodsA retrospective study of 313 consecutive LTs was conducted. Six months after LT (T1) and 10 years after LT (T2), CBVE risk factors were recorded and PROCAM‐Stroke was calculated. Ten (T2) and 20 years (T3) after LT, recipients were screened regarding CBVE. PROCAM‐Stroke estimates of CBVE were compared with the incidence of observed CBVE.ResultsIn both 10‐year time frames, the incidence of observed CBVE was higher than expected based on the PROCAM‐Stroke estimates: 6 months—10 years after LT (T1–T2): observed: 11, expected: 3.2; 10 years—20 years after LT (T2–T3): observed: 7, expected: 3.4.ConclusionLT recipients seem to have a considerably increased risk of CBVE. Long‐term surveillance should take this into account, and screening may be extended accordingly. The progressive impairment of renal function in the long‐term LT survivors may be one reason for the underestimation of CBVE in this patient group.
Medication understanding, non‐adherence, and clinical outcomes among adult kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Patzer Rachel E. , Serper Marina , Reese Peter P. , Przytula Kamila , Koval Rachel , Ladner Daniela P. , Levitsky Josh M. , Abecassis Michael M. , Wolf Michael S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe sought to evaluate the prevalence of medication understanding and non‐adherence of entire drug regimens among kidney transplantation (KT) recipients and to examine associations of these exposures with clinical outcomes. Structured, in‐person interviews were conducted with 99 adult KT recipients between 2011 and 2012 at two transplant centers in Chicago, IL; and Atlanta, GA. Nearly, one‐quarter (24%) of participants had limited literacy as measured by the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine test; patients took a mean of 10 (SD=4) medications and 32% had a medication change within the last month. On average, patients knew what 91% of their medications were for (self‐report) and demonstrated proper dosing (via observed demonstration) for 83% of medications. Overall, 35% were non‐adherent based on either self‐report or tacrolimus level. In multivariable analyses, fewer months since transplant and limited literacy were associated with non‐adherence (all P<.05). Patients with minority race, a higher number of medications, and mild cognitive impairment had significantly lower treatment knowledge scores. Non‐white race and lower income were associated with higher rates of hospitalization within a year following the interview. The identification of factors that predispose KT recipients to medication misunderstanding, non‐adherence, and hospitalization could help target appropriate self‐care interventions.
Spindle cell haemangioma of the tongue
Authors: French Kathryn E.M. , Felstead Andrew M. , Haacke Norman , Theaker Jeffrey , Brennan Peter A. , Colbert Serryth D. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundSpindle cell hemangioma (SCH) is an uncommon benign vascular tumor that rarely occurs in the mouth.Methods and ResultsWe present an SCH arising in the tongue of a 52‐year‐old otherwise healthy woman. SCH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vascular tumors in the oral cavity and not misinterpreted as a more aggressive vascular tumor. We describe the clinical presentation, investigation, differential diagnosis and management of this condition and a literature search showing published case reports.ConclusionAlthough SCH rarely presents in the oral cavity it needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of oral cavity tumors.
Atypical hand, foot and mouth disease in adults associated with coxsackievirus A6: a clinico‐pathologic study
Authors: Laga Alvaro C. , Shroba Suzanne M. , Hanna John 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious illness most commonly occurring in children 5 years old or younger. The most common cause of HFMD in the United States is Coxsackievirus A16. HFMD is uncommon in adults, and may show other atypical features including a broader spectrum of cutaneous involvement and a greater degree of severity.MethodsWe evaluated the clinical, histopathologic and molecular features of three cases of atypical HFMD occurring in adults.ResultsAll three cases showed clinical features that were worrisome for erythema multiforme or a disseminated herpesvirus infection. The histopathologic findings were quite uniform, and showed intraepidermal vesiculation with a predominantly neutrophil‐rich infiltrate. A characteristic feature was the specific involvement of the upper stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum, with relative sparing of the stratum corneum. In none of the cases was there evidence of herpesvirus. Molecular analysis performed on two of the cases showed involvement by Coxsackievirus A6, an uncommon serotype in HFMD. All three cases resolved spontaneously.ConclusionsAtypical HFMD associated with Coxsackievirus A6 represents an uncommon and potentially diagnostically challenging cutaneous eruption. Its recognition is critical to avoid unneeded therapy and to establish accurate prognostic expectations.
Hypothermia reduces seizure burden and improves neurological outcome in severe hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy: an observational study
Authors: Guidotti Isotta , Lugli Licia , Guerra Maria Pina , Ori Luca , Gallo Claudio , Cavalleri Francesca , Ranzi Andrea , Frassoldati Rossella , Berardi Alberto , Ferrari Fabrizio 
Published: July 2016

AimTo evaluate the antiepileptic effect of hypothermia and its association with neurological outcome in infants with moderate and severe hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).MethodWe compared polygraphic electroencephalography monitoring and outcome data in 39 cooled and 33 non‐cooled term newborn infants, born between January 2005 and March 2013, and hospitalized because of signs of asphyxia and moderate to severe HIE.ResultsCooled newborn infants had fewer seizures (14/39 vs 20/33 p=0.036) and status epilepticus (7/39 vs 13/33, p=0.043), a lower mean duration of seizures (18mins vs 133mins, p=0.026), fewer administered antiepileptic drugs (median 0 vs 1, p=0.045), and more commonly a good outcome at 24 months (normal/mild motor impairment in 32/39 vs 16/33, p=0.003). Seizure burden (accumulated duration of seizures over a defined period) in cooled patients with both moderate (0.0 vs 0.1; p=0.045) and severe HIE (0.3 vs 4.9; p=0.018) was lower than in non‐cooled patients. Compared with non‐cooled patients, a good outcome was more common in cooled newborn infants with severe HIE (p=0.003).InterpretationHypothermia has an antiepileptic effect in both moderate and severe neonatal HIE. The lower seizure burden in cooled newborn infants with severe HIE is more commonly associated with normal outcome at 24 months.
“I even met happy gypsies”
Authors: Duval Laetitia , Wolff François‐Charles 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEconomic studies of the Roma population, which is the largest and the poorest ethnic minority in Europe, remain sparse due to the limited availability of appropriate micro level data. This paper provides a comparative analysis of life satisfaction between Roma and non‐Roma young adults aged between 15 and 24 years using survey data collected from Serbia in 2010 and from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2011. Results from raw answers show that the young Roma population living in settlements is less satisfied with life than non‐Roma. However, we find instead that the former group is more satisfied once we account for the fact that Roma have more disadvantaged characteristics on average. Also, Roma young adults expect a better life within one year compared to the non‐Roma in Serbia while there is no difference in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Pathogenicity of Phytophthora alni complex and P. plurivora in Alnus glutinosa seedlings
Authors: Zamora‐Ballesteros C. , Haque M. M. U. , Diez J. J. , Martín‐García J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe ecological importance of riparian forests is well known. However, these forest habitats have been disturbed by human activities over the past century as a result of the introduction of flow regulations. Mortality of the riparian alder population caused by Phytophthora has become an important issue in Europe in the past two decades. The main objective of this study was to examine the pathogenicity of the Phytophthora alni complex (P. xalni, P. uniformis and P. xmultiformis) and P. plurivora in Alnus glutinosa seedlings. Phytophthora alni complex has traditionally been identified as the main causal agent of alder decline; however, in this study, P. plurivora was found to cause as much damage in inoculated seedlings as P. alni complex. In fact, Spanish isolates of P. xalni caused mortality rates of ca. 30%, whereas P. plurivora killed ca. 50% of seedlings. Likewise, there were no differences between P. xalni ‐ and P. plurivora‐inoculated seedlings in either the length of lesion or biomass allocation. The pathogenicity of the species within P. alni complex did not differ significantly. The findings confirm that P. plurivora, which is one of the most common species of Phytophthora found in European nurseries, is highly pathogenic to alder seedlings. Urgent implementation of measures to prevent the risk of spread of the pathogen from nurseries to natural ecosystems is required. Further studies are required to clarify the role that P. plurivora is playing in alder decline both individually and in combination with P. alni complex.
Climatic favourability zones for Eucalyptus rust in Brazil
Authors: Alvares C. A. , Sentelhas P. C. , Mattos E. M. , Miranda A. C. , Moraes W. B. , Silva P. H.M. , Furtado E. L. , Stape J. L. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBrazilian forest‐based industries are supported by more than 5.5 million hectares of Eucalyptus growing under different climatic conditions with different degrees of favourability for rust Puccinia psidii, including both traditional and expanding areas, where such disease is of major concern for the industry, foresters and scientists. The main objective of this study was to define favourable climatic zones for Eucalyptus rust in Brazil with the following aims: (i) to develop a spatial method for estimating the mean night‐time temperature (Tng); (ii) to assess and validate a Eucalyptus rust model; and (iii) to map Eucalyptus rust favourability zones in Brazil based on the proposed model. A straightforward method, based only on latitude, day of the year, maximum and minimum air temperatures, was developed to estimate Tng, which is a key variable for a proper application of Ruiz rust model. Based on 37 field experiments with natural rust occurrence, it was observed that climatic conditions are determining factors for disease severity. Significant correlations between disease severity observed in the field and climatic conditions were found: a negative correlation with temperature (r = .50, p < .01) and a positive correlation with relative humidity (r = .89, p < .0001). A significant correlation (r = .81, p < .0001) between the normalized infection index, produced from Ruiz model, and the average rust score was also observed. Once the model was validated under field conditions, it was applied using historical average data of air temperature and leaf wetness duration to obtain monthly Eucalyptus rust favourability maps for the whole country. These final maps show that favourable climatic zones for Eucalyptus rust are extremely dynamic, with high temporal and spatial variability in Brazil and that climatic conditions should be considered for expansion of Eucalyptus to new areas, in breeding programmes, and for defining the most suitable seasons for forest establishment in each climate of the country. These results provide forestry managers with practical tools to reduce uncertainty about the expected severity of Eucalyptus rust in Brazil.
Identification of mutations in AP4S1/SPG52 through next generation sequencing in three families
Authors: Tessa A. , Battini R. , Rubegni A. , Storti E. , Marini C. , Galatolo D. , Pasquariello R. , Santorelli F. M. 
Published: July 2016

Background and purposeThe term hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) covers a spectrum of genetically heterogeneous disorders in which lower limb spasticity is the common clinical feature. Many patients with childhood‐onset HSP are mistakenly diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsA group of as yet molecularly undiagnosed HSP patients were analyzed using SpastoPlex, a customized target re‐sequencing panel able to investigate the coding regions of 72 genes linked to HSP, spastic ataxias or related motor diseases.ResultsOur investigations identified loss‐of‐function mutations in AP4S1/SPG52 in four children (three families) who had previously received a diagnosis of diplegic/quadriplegic CP. The patients presented spastic paraparesis, mild facial dysmorphisms, moderate‐to‐severe intellectual disability and severe speech delay. Two patients manifested febrile seizures and childhood‐onset focal seizures. In all the patients, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a peculiar hypoplastic posterior corpus callosum, often associated with ventriculomegaly, white matter loss and cerebral atrophy.ConclusionAdaptor protein 4 (AP‐4) deficiency disorders should be suspected in children with spastic paraparesis, cognitive deficit and absent speech accompanied by suggestive MRI features. Seizures might be amongst the clinical manifestations of the syndrome.
Complementary and alternative medicine for addiction: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Posadzki Pawel , Khalil Mohamed MK , AlBedah Abdullah MN , Zhabenko Olena , Car Josip 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is popular among individuals with a variety of addictions.ObjectiveTo critically evaluate the evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) of the effectiveness of CAM for addictions.MethodsTen electronic databases were searched from their inception to January 2015. Systematic reviews of any type of CAM with any type of addiction‐related outcome were considered eligible. The Oxman criteria for assessing the methodological quality of the included SRs were used.ResultsTwenty‐seven SRs met the inclusion criteria. Most of them were of high methodological quality (mean=4.66, SD=5.20). Twelve SRs arrived at equivocal conclusions (of these, seven were of high quality), four drew positive conclusions (three of which were of high quality), and 11 arrived at negative conclusions (of which six were of high quality). A wide variety of addictions were examined, including alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamine, opiates (heroin, morphine, opium), tobacco and various (unspecified) drugs. A diversity of CAM modalities was also used such as acupuncture (and related techniques), herbal medicine, hypnotherapy, meditative/mindfulness techniques, music therapy, spirituality and yoga.ConclusionA large number of SRs exist in the area of addiction. The evidence from SRs examining the effectiveness of various CAM interventions for myriad addictions is highly ambiguous or negative.