bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The moral economies of market societies: popular attitudes towards market competition, redistribution and reciprocity in comparative perspective
Authors: Koos Sebastian , Sachweh Patrick 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn a classical typology, Polanyi distinguishes three basic modes of economic integration: competitive market exchange, redistribution and reciprocity. While markets are dominant in modern capitalism, redistribution and reciprocity are—to varying extent—also part of its institutional architecture. Asking whether such institutional differences are mirrored in distinct ‘moral economies’, we investigate ordinary citizens’ support for market competition, redistribution and reciprocity across 14 capitalist economies. Combining data from three comparative surveys, we analyze, first, the extent to which these principles are supported by citizens and whether they cluster into distinct ‘moral economies’; second, whether these norms are anchored in formal institutional settings; and finally, how privileged and disadvantaged groups differ in their support. While support for market competition is strong across countries, it is to varying degrees complemented by support for redistribution and reciprocity. We identify a competition-dominated, an embedded and a strongly embedded moral economy. The interplay of formal institutions and people’s social–structural position partly explains differences in popular support.
Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy Detection by Noninvasive Prenatal Testing: Helpful or Hazardous?
Authors: Reiss Rosemary E. , Discenza Marie , Foster Judith , Dobson Lori , Wilkins-Haug Louise 
Published: October 2017

(Abstracted from Prenat Diagn 2017;37:515–520)
Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) technology has been shown to accurately detect trisomy 21, as well as fetal sex in the first trimester. The predictive values of NIPT for other aneuploidies such as sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) are not as well understood.
Are We on the Same Page? Shared Mental Models to Support Clinical Teamwork Among Health Professions Learners: A Scoping Review
Authors: Floren Leslie Carstensen , Donesky DorAnne , Whitaker Evans , Irby David M. , ten Cate Olle , O’Brien Bridget C. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
To conduct a scoping review to explore the construct of shared mental models (SMMs) in the context of clinical teamwork among health professions learners.

Method
The authors searched the PubMed, ERIC, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychINFO, and EMBASE databases for English-language articles published between 2000 and 2016. Eligible articles mentioned SMMs in relation to clinical teamwork and included health professions learners. Two reviewers screened studies for eligibility and extracted data to determine the depth and breadth of the literature on SMMs. The authors examined definitions of the SMM construct in the context of clinical teams, educational interventions using SMMs, and the measurement of SMMs.

Results
Of the 1,273 articles retrieved, 23 met the inclusion criteria. SMMs were defined in less than two-fifths of the articles (9/23). All articles applied the construct to improvements in hospital-based patient safety, often in high-intensity settings (14/23). Most articles included graduate-level physicians (21/23) within clinical teams (18/23). Interventions designed to foster SMMs (6/23) included teamwork curricula/training and teamwork supportive tools. Measurements of SMMs (7/23) included a qualitative task analysis, quantitative analyses of speech, a concept mapping, and Likert-type surveys.

Conclusions
In health professions education, the SMM construct lacks clear definition. Few studies described educational interventions aimed at SMM development, and few attempted to measure the construct. The authors propose an operational definition of SMMs in health care and illustrate how interventions intended to foster SMMs, such as team trainings or planning exercises and communication tools, could be developed, implemented, and assessed.
Comparison of Direct Patient Care Costs and Quality Outcomes of the Teaching and Nonteaching Hospitalist Services at a Large Academic Medical Center
Authors: Perez Jose A. , Awar Melina , Nezamabadi Aryan , Ogunti Richard , Puppala Mamta , Colton Lara , Clewing Johanna M. , Ketkar Sayali , Wong Stephen T. C. , Robbins Richard J. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
To compare costs of care and quality outcomes between teaching and nonteaching hospitalist services, while testing the assumption that resident-driven care is more expensive.

Method
Records of inpatients with the top 20 Medicare Severity Diagnosis-Related Groups admitted to the University Teaching Service (UTS) and nonteaching hospitalist service (NTHS) at Houston Methodist Hospital from 2014–2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Direct costs of care, length of stay (LOS), in-hospital mortality (IHM), 30-day readmission rate (30DRR), and consultant utilization were compared between the UTS and NTHS. Propensity score matching and case mix index (CMI) were used to mitigate differences in baseline characteristics. To compare outcomes between matched groups, the Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi-square test were used. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using multivariable regression analysis.

Results
From the overall study population of 8,457 patients, 1,041 UTS and 3,123 NTHS patients were matched. CMI was 1.07 for each group. The UTS had lower direct costs of care per case ($5,028 vs. $5,502, P = .006), lower LOS (4.7 vs. 5.2 days, P = .0002), and lower consultant utilization (1.0 vs. 1.6, P ≤ .0001) versus the NTHS. The UTS and NTHS 30DRR (17.2% vs. 19.3%, P = .110) and IHM (2.9% vs. 3.7%, P = .206) were comparable. The multivariable regression analysis validated the matched data and identified an incremental cost savings of $333/UTS patient.

Conclusions
Patients of an academic hospitalist service had significantly shorter LOS, fewer consultants, and lower direct care costs than comparable patients of a nonteaching service.
A single surgeon’s experience of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty in a district general hospital: 9-year clinical results using the Conserve Plus resurfacing system
Authors: Henderson Fraser , Smith Innes , Baird Karene , Holt Graeme , Khan Aman 
Published: October 2017

Background:
A number of hip resurfacing arthroplasty implants have been found to have satisfactory clinical outcomes, suggesting implant design has a significant role. The aim of our study was to report the radiographic and clinical outcomes of a series of Conserve Plus hip resurfacing arthroplasty performed by a single surgeon.

Methods:
Our series included 51 consecutive resurfacings at mean follow-up of 7.61 yr performed through a modified Hardinge approach. Postoperatively, functional scores, ion levels, and hip radiographs were obtained at 6-8 wk, 6 mo, 1 yr, and yearly thereafter.

Results:
There were statistically significant improvements in University of California, Los Angeles Activity Score (UCLA), Oxford Hip Score (OHS), and Harris Hip Score (HHS), at 1 yr, with no further significant changes in functional scores identified at time of last review. Initial median postoperative cobalt and chromium levels were 1.06 and 1.77 μgl−1, with no significant increases at the time of last review. There were no significant differences in radiographic outcomes at the time of last review compared with early postoperative radiographs. Two implants required revision to THA. Kaplan-Meier analysis with revision as an endpoint found survivorship of 96% at up to 9.5 yr.

Conclusions:
This study found satisfactory survivorship and clinical outcomes with the Conserve Plus, and to our knowledge this is the largest series to date using the modified Hardinge approach.
Extracellular vesicles in cartilage homeostasis and osteoarthritis
Authors: Miyaki Shigeru , Lotz Martin K. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
Extracellular vesicles carry bioactive molecules that can be transferred between cells and tissues. The purpose of this review is to describe how extracellular vesicles regulate functions of cells in cartilage and other joint tissues. The potential application of extracellular vesicles in the treatment of osteoarthritis and as biomarkers will also be discussed.

Recent findings
Extracellular vesicles are found in synovial fluid, in articular cartilage and in the supernatants of synoviocytes and chondrocytes. Extracellular vesicles in cartilage have been proposed to be involved in cross talk between cells in joint tissues and to affect extracellular matrix turnover and inflammation. Extracellular vesicles from arthritic joints can promote abnormal gene expression and changes in cartilage extracellular matrix, including abnormal mineralization. Promising results were obtained in the therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for cartilage repair and experimental osteoarthritis.

Summary
Extracellular vesicles have emerged as vehicles for the exchange of bioactive signaling molecules within cartilage and between joint tissues to promote joint homeostasis and arthritis pathogenesis. As the molecular content of extracellular vesicles can be customized, they offer utility in therapeutic applications.
Usefulness of PET in recognizing and managing vasculitides
Authors: Pipitone Nicolò A.M. , Versari Annibale , Salvarani Carlo 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
The aim of this article was to review the recent contributions to the scoring methods of PET in vasculitis as well as to its role in the diagnostic work-up.

Recent findings
Both visual and semiquantitative scoring methods can be used to interpret PET scans. PET has been shown to be both sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis. In addition, it also has a role in predicting vascular complications.

Summary
There is a need to better standardize the scoring methods used to interpret PET scans. In clinical practice, PET is useful to diagnose untreated individuals with suspected large-vessel vasculitis and contributes to identify patients at risk for vascular complications.
The Prognostic Value of MRI in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Haghbayan Hourmazd , Boutin Amélie , Laflamme Mathieu , Lauzier François , Shemilt Michèle , Moore Lynne , Zarychanski Ryan , Douville Vincent , Fergusson Dean , Turgeon Alexis F. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability, yet many predictors of outcome are not precise enough to guide initial clinical decision-making. Although increasingly used in the early phase following traumatic brain injury, the prognostic utility of MRI remains uncertain. We thus undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating the predictive value of acute MRI lesion patterns for discriminating clinical outcome in traumatic brain injury.

Data Sources:
MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and CENTRAL from inception to November 2015.

Study Selection:
Studies of adults who had MRI in the acute phase following moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. Our primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and the Glasgow Outcome Scale.

Data Extraction:
Two authors independently performed study selection and data extraction. We calculated pooled effect estimates with a random effects model, evaluated the risk of bias using a modified version of Quality in Prognostic Studies and determined the strength of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.

Data Synthesis:
We included 58 eligible studies, of which 27 (n = 1,652) contributed data to meta-analysis. Brainstem lesions were associated with all-cause mortality (risk ratio, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.01–3.15; I
2 = 43%) and unfavorable Glasgow Outcome Scale (risk ratio, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.72–3.58; I
2 = 81%) at greater than or equal to 6 months. Diffuse axonal injury patterns were associated with an increased risk of unfavorable Glasgow Outcome Scale (risk ratio, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.06–5.69; I
2 = 74%). MRI scores based on lesion depth demonstrated increasing risk of unfavorable neurologic outcome as more caudal structures were affected. Most studies were at high risk of methodological bias.

Conclusions:
MRI following traumatic brain injury yields important prognostic information, with several lesion patterns significantly associated with long-term survival and neurologic outcome. Given the high risk of bias in the current body of literature, large well-controlled studies are necessary to better quantify the prognostic role of early MRI in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury.
Novel Dry-Lab Training Method for Totally Endoscopic Coronary Anastomosis
Authors: Ujihira Kosuke , Yamada Akira 
Published: October 2017

Objective We describe our original dry-lab training system for nonrobotic and beating heart endoscopic coronary artery anastomosis. Methods All the materials used for this training were commercially available. We selected a boxed machine, which can produce pulsatile movements of artificial vessels, and on its roof, we installed a two-dimensional home video camera and a monitor. A multiple-holed plate was placed in front of the machine, and through these holes, a trainee inserted endoscopic surgical instruments and anastomosed the artificial vessels by running fashion while watching the monitor. This training program has four stages. During the first stage, a trainee has to demonstrate mastery in conducting a conventional off-pump coronary artery anastomosis without assistance. The second stage is the “nonbeating” version, and the third stage is the “beating” version with the model mentioned previously. After a trainee gets accustomed to the third stage, the original artificial vessel is replaced with an extremely fragile one, and this is the fourth stage. Our trainee conducted one hundred fourth-stage anastomoses and each procedure was recorded with the video camera. We analyzed several factors from the videos and evaluated the efficacy of the training method. We compared the outcomes of the first 50 consecutive anastomoses with the following 50 ones and described the learning curves. Results The comparison showed a significant decrease in anastomotic time and vessel injury. We considered the quality of anastomosis acceptable after 47 anastomoses, and anastomotic time fell below 15 minutes at the 81st training at the fourth stage. Conclusions Our dry-lab system might be an effective training method for endoscopic coronary anastomosis.
Endoscopic Conduit Harvest in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery
Authors: Ferdinand Francis D. , MacDonald John K. , Balkhy Husam H. , Bisleri Gianluigi , Young Hwang Ho , Northrup Patricia , Trimlett Richard H. J. , Wei Lai , Kiaii Bob B. 
Published: October 2017

Objective The purpose of this consensus conference was to develop and update evidence-informed consensus statements and recommendations on harvesting saphenous vein and radial artery via an open as compared with endoscopic technique by systematically reviewing and performing a meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials. Methods All randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized controlled trials included in the first the International Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiothoracic Surgery Consensus Conference and Statements,1,2 in 2005 up to November 30, 2015, were included in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on the resultant, 76 studies (23 randomized controlled trials and 53 nonrandomized controlled trials) on 281,459 patients analyzed, consensus statements, and recommendations were generated comparing the risks and benefits of endoscopic versus open conduit harvesting for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Results Compared with open vein harvest, it is reasonable to perform endoscopic vein harvest of saphenous vein to reduce wound-related complications, postoperative length of stay, and outpatient wound management resources and to increase patient satisfaction (class I, level A). Based on the quality of the conduit and major adverse cardiac events as well as 6-month angiographic patency, endoscopic vein harvest was noninferior to open harvest. It is reasonable to perform endoscopic radial artery harvest to reduce wound-related complication and to increase patient satisfaction (class I, level B-R and B-NR, respectively) with reduction in major adverse cardiac events and noninferior patency rate at 1 and 3 to 5 years (class III, level B-R). Conclusions Based on the consensus statements, the consensus panel recommends (class I, level B) that endoscopic saphenous vein and radial artery harvesting should be the standard of care for patients who require these conduits for coronary revascularization.
Injury Pattern in Icelandic Elite Male Handball Players
Authors: Rafnsson Elis Thor , Valdimarsson Örnólfur , Sveinsson Thorarinn , Árnason Árni 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To examine the incidence, type, location, and severity of injuries in Icelandic elite male handball players and compare across factors like physical characteristics and playing position.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
The latter part of the preseason and the competitive season of Icelandic male handball.

Participants:
Eleven handball teams (185 players) from the 2 highest divisions in Iceland participated in the study. Six teams (109 players) completed the study.

Variables Measured:
Injuries were recorded by the players under supervision from their team physiotherapists or coaches. Coaches recorded training exposure, and match exposure was obtained from the Icelandic and European Handball Federations. The players directly recorded potential risk factors, such as age, height, weight, previous injuries, and player position.

Main Outcome Measures:
Injury incidence and injury location and number of injury days.

Results:
Recorded time-loss injuries were 86, of which 53 (62%) were acute and 33 (38%) were due to overuse. The incidence of acute injuries was 15.0 injuries/1000 hours during games and 1.1 injuries/1000 hours during training sessions. No significant difference was found in injury incidence between teams, but number of injury days did differ between teams (P = 0.0006). Acute injuries were most common in knees (26%), ankles (19%), and feet/toes (17%), but overuse injuries occurred in low back/pelvic region (39%), shoulders (21%), and knees (21%). Previous knee injuries were the only potential risk factor found for knee injury.

Conclusions:
The results indicate a higher rate of overuse injuries in low back/pelvic region and shoulders than in comparable studies.
Comparison of the Effect of 5 Different Treatment Options for Managing Patellar Tendinopathy: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: van Rijn Dafne , van den Akker-Scheek Inge , Steunebrink Mirjam , Diercks Ron L. , Zwerver Johannes , van der Worp Henk 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
Currently, no treatments exist for patellar tendinopathy (PT) that guarantee quick and full recovery. Our objective was to assess which treatment option provides the best chance of clinical improvement and to assess the influence of patient and injury characteristics on the clinical effect of these treatments.

Design:
A secondary analysis was performed on the combined databases of 3 previously performed double-blind randomized controlled trials.

Patients:
In total, 138 patients with PT were included in the analysis.

Interventions:
Participants were divided into 5 groups, based on the treatment they received: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) (n = 31), ESWT plus eccentric training (n = 43), eccentric training (n = 17), topical glyceryl trinitrate patch plus eccentric training (n = 16), and placebo treatment (n = 31).

Main Outcome Measures:
Clinical improvement (increase of ≥13 points on the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella score) after 3 months of treatment.

Results:
Fifty-two patients (37.7%) improved clinically after 3 months of treatment. Odds ratios (ORs) for clinical improvement were significantly higher in the eccentric training group (OR 6.68, P = 0.009) and the ESWT plus eccentric training group (OR 5.42, P = 0.015) compared with the other groups. We found evidence that a high training volume, a longer duration of symptoms, and older age negatively influence a treatment's clinical outcome (trend toward significance).

Conclusions:
Our study confirmed the importance of exercise, and eccentric training in particular, in the management of PT. The role of ESWT remains uncertain. Further research focusing on the identified prognostic factors is needed to be able to design patient-specific treatment protocols for the management of PT.
Risk Factors for Lower-Extremity Injuries Among Contemporary Dance Students
Authors: van Seters Christine , van Rijn Rogier M. , van Middelkoop Marienke , Stubbe Janine H. 
Published: October 2017

Objective:To determine whether student characteristics, lower-extremity kinematics, and strength are risk factors for sustaining lower-extremity injuries in preprofessional contemporary dancers.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:Codarts University of the Arts.Patients:Forty-five first-year students of Bachelor Dance and Bachelor Dance Teacher.Assessment of Risk Factors:At the beginning of the academic year, the injury history (only lower-extremity) and student characteristics (age, sex, educational program) were assessed using a questionnaire. Besides, lower-extremity kinematics [single-leg squat (SLS)], strength (countermovement jump) and height and weight (body mass index) were measured during a physical performance test.Main Outcome Measures:Substantial lower-extremity injuries during the academic year were defined as any problems leading to moderate or severe reductions in training volume or in performance, or complete inability to participate in dance at least once during follow-up as measured with the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC) Questionnaire on Health Problems. Injuries were recorded on a monthly basis using a questionnaire. Analyses on leg-level were performed using generalized estimating equations to test the associations between substantial lower-extremity injuries and potential risk factors.Results:The 1-year incidence of lower-extremity injuries was 82.2%. Of these, 51.4% was a substantial lower-extremity injury. Multivariate analyses identified that ankle dorsiflexion during the SLS (OR 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.52) was a risk factor for a substantial lower-extremity injury.Conclusions:The findings indicate that contemporary dance students are at high risk for lower-extremity injuries. Therefore, the identified risk factor (ankle dorsiflexion) should be considered for prevention purposes.