bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of an adapted cardiac rehabilitation programme on arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes without cardiac disease diagnosis
Authors: Brozic Anka P , Marzolini Susan , Goodman Jack M 
Published: January 2017

Purpose: To determine the effects of a 12-week cardiac rehabilitation programme of aerobic and resistance exercise training on arterial stiffness, peak calf vasodilatory reserve, and haemostatic markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Observational cohort study examining effects of 12 weeks of exercise training in 23 subjects (13 men, 10 women; mean age of 56.1 ± 10.1 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects performed exercise training for 12 weeks [aerobic training 5 days/week, 70%–75% peak cardiovascular fitness (VO2peak) and resistance training 2–3 days/week, 60% of one repetition maximum]. Vascular stiffness (pulse-wave velocity), augmentation index, peak calf vasodilatory reserve, and VO2peak were measured pre- and post-exercise training. Secondary outcomes included heart rate variability and haemostatic measures. Results: VO2peak increased by 16% (20.1 ± 5.5 vs 23.2 ± 8.8 mL/kg/min, p = 0.002) and abdominal circumference was reduced (101.9 ± 13.3 vs 97.9 ± 12.7 cm, p < 0.03). Vascular function was improved including central arterial stiffness (central pulse-wave velocity: 8.44 ± 1.75 vs 8.02 ± 1.60 m/s, p = 0.026) and the aortic augmentation index (21.7 ± 10.6% vs 18.3 ± 12.6%, p = 0.005); peak calf vasodilatory reserve increased from 30.3 ± 10.6 mL/100 mL/min to 38.0 ± 15.3 mL/100 mL/min ( p = 0.04). No changes were seen in heart rate variability, blood lipids, glycated haemoglobin and C-reactive protein. Conclusion: A 12-week cardiac rehabilitation programme of aerobic and resistance training significantly reduces arterial stiffness and improves aerobic fitness in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Career Development for Women Veterans
Authors: Greer Tomika W. 
Published: January 2017

The Problem Women veterans suffer from higher unemployment rates than their male counterparts. This is especially true among women veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Although scholars and practitioners recognize the disparity in employment between men veterans and women veterans, there has been little attention given to addressing this gap to improve the employment situation for women veterans. Furthermore, many of the existing policies and programs designed to assist veterans with civilian employment pursuits are targeted toward men veterans and have proven to be less effective for enhancing employability of women veterans. This is a critical HRD issue due to HRD’s interest in career development and the role of HRD professionals in assisting more women veterans in gaining civilian employment. The Solution Toward a remedy for improving unemployment rates for women veterans, this article contains a review of literature focused on exploring barriers to employment among women veterans and strategies for overcoming these barriers. Within this study, the specific needs of women veterans are explored in relation to their employability. Ultimately, this article highlights practical solutions in accordance with transition theory to the growing problem of unemployment among women veterans. These solutions are useful for HRD professionals to assist with successful transitions to civilian employment for women veterans. The Stakeholders This article will be of interest to HRD scholars and practitioners who are concerned with the well-being and employability of women veterans. The information contained in this article will be helpful to counselors and other professionals who are assisting women veterans in their transition to the civilian workforce.
Understanding the Process of Transfer of Training in a Military Context
Authors: Dirani Khalil 
Published: January 2017

The Problem The learning transfer literature is mainly concerned with understanding what transfer of learning is, factors affecting the transfer, and measurements of transfer factors. Researchers have identified variables likely to foster transfer such as supervisor and peer support, role ambiguity, negative change, job stress, intrinsic and extrinsic incentives, relevance of training content, goal-setting posttraining interventions, and self-efficacy, among others. Traditional learning transfer models such as Baldwin and Ford model or the Learning Transfer System Inventory (LTSI) are frequently used to measure factors affecting transfer of training and to help human resource development (HRD) practitioners move beyond the question of whether training works to why training works. Transfer models over the past 20 years have been used to assess transfer systems, including factors at the individual, group, and organization levels, that influence transfer of training to job performance. However, little space has been dedicated to the process of transfer and factors associated to transfer in a military context, and little attention has been given to understanding other factors, not included in traditional transfer models in assisting veterans’ transition from the military to civilian workforce. The Solution This work used self-reported data from military-turned-civilian employees who were interviewed to understand the process of training transfer and to learn about the extent they were able to transfer the skills and knowledge learned in military training to their workplace. The study explored factors likely to influence training transfer from military learning cultures to civilian organizations. Results provided a better understanding on how HRD scholars and practitioners can work with, and prepare, individuals to successfully transition from a military life to the civilian workforce. A variety of individual and organizational themes emerged from the data analysis including factors such as adult learning principles, motivation to transfer, individual and organizational engagement, and roles of veterans, peers, and supervisors. The Stakeholders Human resource and organization developers working with military contexts will find this information particularly useful as well as scholars interested in investigating the transfer of training framework.
Vitamin D alteration associated with obesity and bariatric surgery
Authors: Lespessailles Eric , Toumi Hechmi 
Published: January 2017

Obesity and severe obesity constitute growing serious health problems reaching epidemic proportion in most countries. Interactions and relationships between obesity and bone tissue and its metabolism are complex but are more and more studied and recognized. Obesity is associated with an altered hormonal profile including particularly bone-regulating hormones like vitamin D. Bariatric surgery procedures, thanks to their effectiveness to achieve therapeutic endpoints for comorbidities associated with obesity, have had an increasing success. However, these surgeries by producing mechanical restriction and or malabsorption syndrome lead to nutritional deficiencies including vitamin D. In this review, we aim to (1) discuss the nutritional deficiency of vitamin D in the obese, (2) to summarize the different surgical options in bariatric surgery and to present the evidence concerning these procedures and their associated profile in vitamin D post-operative insufficiency, (3) to present the different recommendations in clinical practice to prevent or treat vitamin D deficiencies or insufficiencies in patients treated by bariatric surgery and finally to introduce emerging assumptions on the relationship between vitamin D, microbiota composition and circulating bile acids.Impact statementObesity and severe obesity constitute growing serious health problems reaching epidemic proportion in most countries with a prevalence increasing from 6.4 in 1975 to 14.9% in 2014. This present review summarizes currently available data on vitamin D deficiencies in the obese population before and after bariatric surgery. The important evidence emerging from our evaluation confirms that obese patients are at risk of multiple nutritional deficiencies, especially vitamin D deficiency, before bariatric surgery. Our survey confirms that the precise role of the gut microbiome and its associated changes on the vitamin D metabolism after the different bariatric surgery procedures has not yet been studied. Furthermore, whether differences in the microbiota may alter the therapeutic responses to vitamin D is not known.
New methods for monitoring mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Williams Jessica A , Zhao Katrina , Jin Shengkan , Ding Wen-Xing 
Published: January 2017

Removal of damaged mitochondria through mitophagy is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and functions. Increasing evidence implicates mitophagy in red blood cell differentiation, neurodegeneration, macrophage-mediated inflammation, ischemia, adipogenesis, drug-induced tissue injury, and cancer. Considerable progress has been made toward understanding the biochemical mechanisms involved in mitophagy regulation. However, few reliable assays to monitor and quantify mitophagy have been developed, particularly in vivo. In this review, we summarize the recent development of three assays, MitoTimer, mt-Keima and mito-QC, for monitoring and quantifying mitophagy in cells and in animal tissues. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of these three assays when using them to monitor and quantify mitophagy. Impact statement Removal of damaged mitochondria through mitophagy is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and functions. However, reliable quantitative assays to monitor mitophagy, particularly in vivo, are just emerging. This review will summarize the current novel quantitative assays to monitor mitophagy in vivo.
Characterization of Planned and Unplanned 30-Day Readmissions Following Vascular Surgical Procedures
Authors: Tahhan Georges , Farber Alik , Shah Nishant K. , Krafcik Brianna M. , Sachs Teviah E. , Kalish Jeffrey A. , Peacock Matthew R. , Siracuse Jeffrey J. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Thirty-day readmission is increasingly used as a quality of care indicator. Patients undergoing vascular surgery have historically been at high risk for readmission. We analyzed hospital readmission details to identify patients at high risk for readmission in order to better understand these readmissions and improve resource utilization in this patient population. Methods: A retrospective review and analysis of our medical center’s admission and discharge data were conducted from October 2012 to March 2015. All patients who were discharged from the vascular surgery service and subsequently readmitted as an inpatient within 30 days were included. Results: We identified 649 vascular surgery discharges with 135 (21%) readmissions. Common comorbidities were diabetes (56%), coronary artery disease (40%), congestive heart failure (CHF; 24%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (19%). Index vascular operations included open lower extremity procedures (39%), diagnostic angiograms (35%), endovascular lower extremity procedures (16%), dialysis access procedures (7%), carotid/cerebrovascular procedures (7%), amputations (6%), and abdominal aortic procedures (5%). Average index length of stay (LOS) was 7.48 days (±6.73 days). Reasons for readmissions were for medical causes (43%), surgical complications (35.5%), and planned procedures (21.5%). Reasons for medical readmissions most commonly included malaise or failure to thrive (28%), unrelated infection (24%), and hypoxia/CHF complications (21%). Common surgical causes for readmission were surgical site infections (69%), graft failure (19%), and bleeding complications (8%). Of the planned readmissions, procedures were at the same site (79%), a different site (14%), and planned podiatry procedures (7%). Readmission LOS was on average 7.43 days (±7.22 days). Conclusion: Causes for readmission of vascular surgery patients are multifactorial. Infections, both related and unrelated to the surgical site, remain common reasons for readmission and represent an opportunity for improvement strategies. Improved understanding of readmissions following vascular surgery could help adjust policy benchmarks for targeted readmission rates and help reduce resource utilization.
Transcatheter Embolization of Type I Endoleaks Associated With Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Using Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer
Authors: Graif Assaf , Vance Ansar Z. , Garcia Mark J. , Lie Kevin T. , McGarry Michael K. , Leung Daniel A. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and outcome of transcatheter embolization using ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) of type I endoleaks associated with endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Patient Population and Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed to identify 8 consecutive patients who had undergone EVOH embolization for type I endoleaks between 2012 and 2015. The primary approach used to access the endoleak was the perigraft technique, where the endoleak itself is catheterized at the anastomotic site. Results: Six type Ia and 2 type Ib endoleaks were treated. In 2 patients, a direct transabdominal approach was used to access the endoleak because it was inaccessible via the perigraft approach. Coils were used in addition to EVOH in 5 cases. Residual endoleak was noted in 1 case, whereas 2 patients developed a recurrent type I endoleak during follow-up. No EVOH complications were observed. The 5 remaining patients demonstrated freedom from endoleak and reintervention at a mean follow-up of 6.9 months. Conclusion: Type I endoleaks can be safely and effectively treated by embolotherapy with EVOH. Larger endoleaks resulting from grossly undersized endografts appear to be unsuitable for EVOH embolization.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Drug-Eluting Balloon and Stent for Infrapopliteal Artery Revascularization
Authors: Zhang Jianbin , Xu Xiaojie , Kong Jie , Xu Rongwei , Fan Xueqiang , Chen Jie , Zheng Xia , Ma Bo , Sun Mingsheng , Ye Zhidong , Liu Peng 
Published: January 2017

Background: Drug-eluting balloon (DEB) and drug-eluting stent (DES) have been proposed for the treatment of infrapopliteal artery disease. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current available studies investigating outcomes of DEB and DES in the treatment of infrapopliteal artery disease. Methods: Multiple databases were systematically searched to identify studies investigating the outcomes of DEB and DES in the treatment of patients with infrapopliteal artery disease. The quality of studies was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration method. The demographic data, risk factors, outcomes, and antiplatelet strategy were extracted. Results: Nine studies were identified with 707 and 606 patients in DEB/DES and standard percutaneous balloon angioplasty (PTA)/bare metal stenting (BMS) group, respectively. The risk of target lesion revascularization (TLR; odds ratio [OR] = 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23-0.63, P < .01), restenosis rate (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.18-0.50, P < .01), and amputation rate (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29-0.83, P < .01) significantly decreased in the DES group. The overall survival (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.56-1.32, P = .50) was similar in DES and standard PTA/BMS group; TLR (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.32-1.09, P = .09), restenosis rate (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.11-2.14, P = .35), amputation rate (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.51-3.40, P = .57), and overall survival (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.72-2.71, P = .32) were similar in DEB and standard PTA group. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis suggests that compared with standard PTA/BMS, DES may decrease the risk of clinically driven TLR, restenosis rate, and amputation rate without any impact on mortality. However, DEB has no obvious advantage in the treatment of infrapopliteal disease. Due to the limitations of our study, more randomized controlled trials, especially those for DEB, are necessary.
Everolimus-Eluting Stent for Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia and Infrapopliteal Arterial Occlusive Disease
Authors: Giaquinta Alessia , Vincenzo Ardita , De Marco Ester , Veroux Massimiliano , Veroux Pierfrancesco 
Published: January 2017

Background: Critical limb ischemia (CLI), despite revascularization, may result in minor or major amputations with devastating psychological effects and a negative impact on patient survival. Randomized clinical trials demonstrated that drug-eluting stents improve 1-year primary patency and decrease target lesion revascularization, compared to standard angioplasty and bare-metal stents, in patients with short occlusive below-the-knee lesions. Objectives: This prospective clinical study was designed to evaluate if one straight-line flow revascularization to the foot, using Xience-Prime Everolimus-Eluting Stent (EES), is an effective treatment of patients in Rutherford-Becker category 4 to 5 with distal popliteal and proximal tibial arteries long occlusive lesions up to 10 cm. Methods: All patients with angiographic documented segment P3 of popliteal artery and proximal tibial arteries stenosis >70%, and lesion length between 20 mm and 100 mm, meeting the inclusion criteria, were included in the Etna Registry. The end points assessed were 1- and 3-year primary patency, major amputation-free survival, target lesion revascularization, and wound healing rates. Results: Between June 2011 and April 2014, 122 patients were included in the study, with mean lesion length of 52.7 mm (range: 20-100 mm). The 1- and 3-year primary patency rates were 88.9% and 80.1%, respectively. The survival, major amputation-free survival, and target lesion revascularization rates were 88.1%, 93%, and 91.5% at 1-year and 70.4%, 89.3%, and 85.1% at 3-year follow-up, respectively. Primary patency influenced major amputation rate, which was 60% in patients with no target artery patency versus 5.4% in patients with patency ( P = .022). At 1-year follow-up, 78 (88.6%) of 88 patients improved 1 or more of their Rutherford-Becker category, and 48 (80%) of 69 patients had wound healing. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that a conservative approach, with EES, seems feasible in selected patients with CLI and infrapopliteal artery occlusive disease.
Manual aspiration thrombectomy using a Penumbra catheter in patients with acute migrated MCA occlusion
Authors: Baik Sung Hyun , Kwak Hyo Sung , Hwang Seung Bae , Chung Gyung Ho 
Published: January 2017

Background We retrospectively assessed the efficacy and safety of manual aspiration thrombectomy (MAT) using a Penumbra catheter in patients with acute migrated middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent MAT using Penumbra 4 or 5 MAX reperfusion catheters for the treatment of acute MCA occlusion between January 2012 and December 2015. A migrated thrombus was defined as distal migration greater than ≥1 cm on initial cerebral angiography compared with preprocedural angiographic findings. We evaluated immediate angiographic results and clinical outcomes through a review of electronic medical records and compared clinical outcomes between migrated and non-migrated MCA occlusions. Results During this period, 98 patients underwent MAT using Penumbra catheters for treatment of acute MCA occlusions. Of these, 19 (19.4%) had a migrated MCA thrombus on initial cerebral angiography compared with preprocedural angiographic findings. The overall rate of successful recanalization (TICI grade ≥ 2b) was 90.8%. The rate of successful recanalization in the migrated thrombus group was 94.7% (18/19). Overall procedure time for recanalization in the migrated thrombus group was significantly shorter than that in the non-migrated thrombus group ( p = 0.001). Although the difference was not significant, there was a trend toward more favorable clinical outcomes in the migrated thrombus group compared to the non-migrated thrombus groups (78.9% versus 60.8%, p = 0.231). Conclusion MAT appears to be safe and can achieve a high rate of successful recanalization and favorable clinical outcomes with short procedure time and without serious complications in patients with acute migrated MCA occlusion.
Predictors for Rehabilitation Outcome in Asian Geriatric Hip Fracture Patients
Authors: Gatot Cheryl , Chou Andrew Chia Chen , Howe Tet Sen , Yeo William , Chong Hwei Chi , Koh Joyce Suang Bee 
Published: January 2017

Purpose To identify predictors for rehabilitation outcome in Asian geriatric hip fracture patients. Methods Records of 153 consecutive Asian patients aged 61 to 99 years who underwent surgery for hip fracture and were followed up for at least one year were reviewed. They were stratified into 4 age-groups: 60–69 years (n=27), 70–79 years (n=70), 80–89 years (n=50), and ≥90 years (n=6). Any comorbidity, regardless of severity, was recorded. Pre-injury and postoperative functional status was evaluated using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey. Relative functional gain (RFG) is equal to absolute functional gain (physical component summary [PCS] score at one year minus PCS score at 6 weeks) divided by the maximum potential gain (maximum PCS score minus PCS score at 6 weeks). RFG of <0.5 and ≥0.5 is defined as poor and good rehabilitation outcome, respectively. Results In univariate analysis, age 80–89 years (p=0.026), arthritis (p=0.082), and hypercholesterolaemia (p=0.014) were predictors for RFG. In multivariate analysis, age 80–89 years (p=0.016) remained a predictor for poor RFG, and hypercholesterolaemia remained a predictor for good RFG. Conclusion Poor rehabilitation outcome was associated with patient age of 80–89 years; an orthogeriatric approach may be beneficial in optimising rehabilitation outcome in elderly hip fracture patients.
Preoperative Radiography versus Computed Tomography for Surgical Planning for Ankle Fractures
Authors: Leung Ka Hei , Fang Christian Xin Shuo , Lau Tak Wing , Li Leung Frankie Ka 
Published: January 2017

Purpose To review preoperative radiography and computed tomography (CT) of the ankle in 69 patients who underwent surgery for ankle fractures to determine the value of CT in diagnosis and surgical planning. Methods Preoperative radiography and CT of the ankle of 46 women and 23 men aged 17 to 90 (mean, 48.8) years were reviewed. CT was deemed necessary when radiographs showed the following features: (1) comminuted fracture of the medial malleolus involving the tibial plafond, (2) comminuted fracture of the posterior malleolus, (3) presence of loose bodies, and/or (4) suspected Chaput or Volkman fracture fragment. Two orthopaedic surgeons independently reviewed the radiographs to look for any of the above features for which CT was indicated. In patients whose radiographs did not show any of the above features, each surgeon formulated a surgical plan based on radiographs alone and decided if any modification was needed after reviewing the CT scan. Results Based on radiographs of the 69 patients, 19 (28%) patients had features of posterior malleolar comminution (n=7), medial malleolar comminution (n=7), suspected Chaput fracture fragment (n=1), suspected Volkman fracture fragment (n=1), and combination of 2 lesions (n=3), and were deemed to require CT. In 10 (20%) of the remaining 50 patients, the surgical plan was modified after review of the CT scan. The intra- and inter-observer agreement was good to excellent. Conclusion Radiography alone is not adequate for surgical planning for ankle fractures. More accurate imaging tools such as CT are needed to enable a more accurate diagnosis and surgical planning.