bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio‐Temporal Variations and El Niño Modulation of Meteorological Droughts in Malaysia
Authors: Zakaria Nurul Ain Basirah , Tangang Fredolin , Salimun Ester , Amirudin Abdul Azim , Xiang Chung Jing , Juneng Liew , Tan Mou Leong , Zulkafli Zed , Marzuki Marzuki , Santisirisomboon Jerasorn , Akhir Mohd Fadzil , Abdullah Muhamammad Firdaus Ammar , Jamaluddin Ahmad Fairudz , Mohd Mohd Syazwan Faisal 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMeteorological droughts in Malaysia have significantly impacted critical sectors such as agriculture, water resources, health, the environment, tourism and various socio‐economic sectors, affecting the population's livelihood and well‐being. This study analyses drought characteristics over a 39‐year period, from 1982 to 2021, using the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) derived from 5‐km resolution Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS). The droughts were assessed on 3‐, 6‐, 9‐ and 12‐month timescales to investigate spatio‐temporal variations in characteristics such as frequency, duration, peak, severity and intensity. The study also provides an in‐depth analysis of large‐scale drought modulation, particularly associated with the El Niño phenomenon and its teleconnection in the Maritime Continent. Depending on the location and timescale, the number of meteorological drought occurrences varied from 10 to 22 for the 3‐month timescale and 4 to 14 for the 12‐month timescale. Generally, as the timescale of a drought increases, the peak intensity decreases, while the duration and severity increase. Additionally, drought intensity decreases over longer timescales. These characteristics show significant spatial variations. Results indicate that meteorological droughts in Malaysia were almost entirely modulated by the El Niño phenomenon through its induced teleconnection over the Maritime Continent. Drought characteristics exhibit a strong seasonality linked to changes in the Walker circulation and the strengthening and weakening of anticyclonic circulations associated with Rossby waves induced by heating in the Pacific Ocean. Very strong El Niño events had the most significant influence on the droughts. The positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) strengthened the effects of El Niño but it itself had no significant influence on the droughts. In most regions, there were no significant trends in the characteristics of meteorological droughts. However, in northeast Peninsular Malaysia and some scattered areas along the west coast of the peninsula, significant trends are observed in peak, duration and severity.
Mesoscale Variations in the Number of Thunder Days Over the Japanese Archipelago During the Past Fifty‐Six Years
Authors: Iwasaki Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe spatial and temporal variations of cumulonimbus clouds (Cbs) that produce lightning have mesoscale characteristics due to the nature of Cbs and the influence of topography; however, previous studies have lacked a mesoscale perspective because historical lightning observations relied on human observation. In this study, mesoscale variations in the number of thunder days (TDs) over the Japanese Archipelago over a 56‐year period were investigated using manned observation data (Period 1: 1954–1963) and radio‐wave observation data (Period 2: 2010–2019). A comparison of the two periods of Period 1 and Period 2 revealed that the locations of mesoscale areas with high TDs did not change significantly; however, the number of TDs increased in most mesoscale areas and it was not possible to identify any mesoscale areas with a significant decreasing trend. The characteristics of mesoscale variation varied with the season as follows: (1) Winter (November–January): the number of TDs along the coastal lands of the Sea of Japan increased significantly. The variations in the synoptic‐scale winter pressure pattern with low stability were one of the factors contributing to the increasing trend of TDs. (2) In the first half of the Baiu season (June), the number of TDs increased in two regions: one region was the south of Japan associated with the Baiu front, while the second region was the northern area of Japan, where the influence of the Baiu front is limited. (3) Summer (August): the number of TDs in mountainous areas tended to increase significantly, and the variation in the water vapour content was significantly correlated with the variation in the number of TDs. The number of TDs in the foothills did not increase significantly. (4) Akisame season (September): the number of TDs along the Pacific Ocean coast significantly increased.
Oral responsive delivery systems for probiotics targeting the intestinal tract
Authors: Han Mengzhen , Hou Mengxin , Yang Shuang , Gao Zhenpeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of health issues, driven by sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy diets in modern society, has led to a growing demand for natural dietary supplements to support overall health and well‐being. Probiotic dietary supplements have garnered widespread recognition for their potential health benefits. However, their efficacy is often hindered by the hostile conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. To surmount this challenge, biomaterial‐based microencapsulation techniques have been extensively employed to shield probiotics from the harsh environments of stomach acid and bile salts, facilitating their precise delivery to the colon for optimal nutritional effects. With consideration of the distinctive gastrointestinal tract milieu, probiotic delivery systems have been categorized into pH‐responsive release, enzyme‐responsive release, redox‐responsive release and pressure‐triggered release systems. These responsive delivery systems have not only demonstrated improved probiotic survival rates in the stomach, but also successful release in the intestines, facilitating enhanced adhesion and colonization of probiotics within the gut. Consequently, these responsive delivery systems contribute to the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation in intervening with gastrointestinal diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse oral responsive delivery systems tailored for probiotics targeting the intestinal tract. Furthermore, the review critically examines the limitations and future prospects of these approaches. This review offers valuable guidance for the effective delivery of probiotics to the intestinal tract, enhancing the potential of probiotics as dietary supplements to promote gastrointestinal health and well‐being. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Grazer‐induced toxin production is energetically costly and significantly reduces growth of cylindrospermopsin‐producing cyanobacteria
Authors: Lei Lamei , Liu Wei , Chen Zihan , Peng Liang , Xiao Li‐Juan , Han Bo‐Ping , Neilan Brett A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractToxins have been proposed as a defense mechanism for phytoplankton against zooplankton grazing. However, the associated costs are not understood. Here, we aim to reveal the costs in terms of both physiological and molecular responses in the cylindrospermopsin (CYN)‐producing cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii. Exposure of R. raciborskii to Daphnia magna resulted in a significant increase in its CYN cell quota which was grazer cell density‐dependent, indicating an inducible effect on CYN production. A negative and significant relationship between cellular growth rate and CYN production suggested a growth‐defense trade‐off, highlighting the costly nature of toxin production. Despite strong transcriptional responses (121 differentially expressed genes) in R. raciborskii under grazing pressure, the CYN gene cluster remained largely unaffected, implying post‐transcriptional regulation of CYN biosynthesis. Significant variation was observed in transcripts for phosphorus metabolism and photosynthesis‐related genes, and evidenced that energy (ATP) metabolic processes were stimulated. This study is the first to demonstrate the high energy requirements for CYN production and provide insight into the molecular basis underlying the costs of toxin production.
Expert Consensus on Clinical Recommendations for Fractional Ablative CO2 Laser, in Facial Skin Rejuvenation Treatment
Authors: Levy Tal , Lerman Ilana , Waibel Jill , Gauglitz Gerd G. , Clementoni Matteo T. , Friedmann Daniel P. , Duplechain Kevin , Peng Peter , Lim Davin , Al‐Niaimi Firas , Lin Shangli , Munavalli Gilly , Biesman Brian S. , Goodman Greg J. , Fratila Alina , Beachkofsky Thomas M. , Ross E. Victor , Hussein Asif , Kauvar Arielle , Kilmer Suzanne L. , Langdon Robert , Moy Ronald L. , Artzi Ofir 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFor three decades, fractional ablative CO2 lasers have been used for skin rejuvenation. With breakthroughs in laser technology and expanding popularity, new recommendations and suggestions arise on a regular basis.ObjectiveTo develop up‐to‐date clinical recommendations on safety measures, therapeutic framework, and techniques to improve treatment outcomes.MethodsUsing Google Forms, a questionnaire with 188 questions was given to a varied sample of 21 dermatologists and plastic surgeons from various countries and practice contexts. A second questionnaire with 11 items was created to resolve any gaps or discrepancies.ResultsActive face infections are considered a treatment contraindication by 95% of panelists. Burns, recent sun exposure, and pregnancy or breastfeeding were also considered contraindications (according to 67% of panelists). Over 90% employ bacterial and viral prophylaxis, however the majority (67%) do not prescribe antifungal prophylaxis. The most often stated anesthetic treatments by panelists are topical anesthetic cream, nerve blocks, and oral analgesics (according to 95%, 81%, and 62% of panelists respectively). Over 90% of panel members suggested treatment setting alterations for individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types III–IV. Following reepithelization, which happens between 8 and 42 days after the treatment, the majority (76%) of panelists advocate continuing standard skin care routines including active ingredients. Eighty‐one percent of panelists recommend using supplementary treatment to maximize results. Supplementary treatment recommendations included use of neuromodulators (76% of panelists), Intense Pulsed Light Therapy treatments pre and postprocedure (61% of panelists), and injection‐based therapies such as (Hyaluronic Acid fillers, and biostimulatory fillers) (recommended by 48% of panelists). 60% of panelists perform FACL to improve skin laxity treatment in nonfacial areas and adjust their settings accordingly.LimitationsOur results reflect only a modest panel size; with a focus on a specific device. Although experienced, the small number of panelists, recommendations, and personal adverse reactions encounters for resurfacing indication, might be biased.ConclusionFractional CO2 laser is a popular and effective skin rejuvenation treatment with minimal downtime and side effects. This study presents new therapy recommendations to resolve treatment uncertainty and provide complete care suggestions for best results.
Enhancing amide proton transfer imaging in ischemic stroke using a machine learning approach with partially synthetic data
Authors: Viswanathan Malvika , Yin Leqi , Kurmi Yashwant , Afzal Aqeela , Zu Zhongliang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAmide proton transfer (APT) imaging, a technique sensitive to tissue pH, holds promise in the diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Achieving accurate and rapid APT imaging is crucial for this application. However, conventional APT quantification methods either lack accuracy or are time‐consuming. Machine learning (ML) has recently been recognized as a potential solution to improve APT quantification. In this paper, we applied an ML model trained on a new type of partially synthetic data, along with an optimization approach utilizing recursive feature elimination, to predict APT imaging in an animal stroke model. This partially synthetic datum is not a simple blend of measured and simulated chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) signals. Rather, it integrates the underlying components including all CEST, direct water saturation, and magnetization transfer effects partly derived from measurements and simulations to reconstruct the CEST signals using an inverse summation relationship. Training with partially synthetic data requires less in vivo data compared to training entirely with fully synthetic or in vivo data, making it a more practical approach. Since this type of data closely resembles real tissue, it leads to more accurate predictions than ML models trained on fully synthetic data. Results indicate that an ML model trained on this partially synthetic data can successfully predict the APT effect with enhanced accuracy, providing significant contrast between stroke lesions and normal tissues, thus clearly delineating lesions. In contrast, conventional quantification methods such as the asymmetric analysis method, three‐point method, and multiple‐pool model Lorentzian fit showed inadequate accuracy in quantifying the APT effect. Moreover, ML methods trained using in vivo data and fully synthetic data exhibited poor predictive performance due to insufficient training data and inaccurate simulation pool settings or parameter ranges, respectively. Following optimization, only 13 frequency offsets were selected from the initial 69, resulting in significantly reduced scan time.
The relationship between job crafting and work engagement among nurses in China: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Zhang Hong‐li , Liu Jun‐hua , Ma Wen‐jing , Xu Xiao‐ling , Guo Xiao‐lan , Lang Hong‐juan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo identify subtypes of job crafting among Chinese nurses and to explore the characteristics of different subtypes and their relationship with work engagement.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA survey of 350 clinical nurses was conducted between December 2022 and January 2023. Identify profile categories for nurses' job crafting using a latent profile analysis. Logistic regression and ANOVA were used to explore the characteristics of different categories of nurses' job crafting in terms of sociodemographic, work engagement variables.ResultsUltimately 3 latent profiles are identified: low job crafting (Class 1, N = 177, 50.7%), moderate job crafting (Class 2, N = 136, 38.9%), high job crafting (Class 3, N = 37, 10.5%). Nurses who are female, aged 31 to 40 and married are more likely to be grouped into Class 2. Nurses with a middle level of title are more likely to be grouped as Class 3. Nurses with high levels of work engagement are more likely to be grouped as Class 2 and Class 3 rather than Class 1.ConclusionThe job crafting has a distinctly classified character among Chinese nurses. 89.6% of nurses were at a low to medium level of job crafting, work engagement is an important predictor of nurses' job crafting. Nursing Managers should focus on the low job crafting group and develop targeted interventions to help nurses improve their job crafting and work engagement levels.Patient or Public ContributionNone.
Metabolic obesity phenotypes and thyroid cancer risk: A systematic exploration of the evidence
Authors: Hedayati Mehdi , Valizadeh Majid , Abiri Behnaz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundObesity is recognized as a risk factor for various cancers, including thyroid cancer. However, the association between different metabolic obesity phenotypes and thyroid cancer risk remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the existing literature to elucidate the association between metabolic obesity phenotypes and thyroid cancer risk.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies until April 2024. Studies examining the link between metabolic obesity phenotypes and thyroid cancer risk were included.ResultsFive cohort studies involving 831,510 participants met the inclusion criteria. Metabolically unhealthy obesity was consistently associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer in both men and women. Central adiposity emerged as a significant predictor of thyroid cancer risk. Mechanistically, chronic inflammation, dysregulated adipokine secretion, hormonal imbalances, and altered signaling pathways may contribute to thyroid carcinogenesis. There is an ongoing debate regarding the risk associated with metabolically healthy obesity, with some suggesting potential protective effects due to favorable metabolic profiles.ConclusionThis systematic review highlights the complex relationship between metabolic obesity phenotypes and thyroid cancer risk. The findings highlighted the importance of considering metabolic status alongside obesity in thyroid cancer risk assessment and intervention strategies.
Effect of Prehydrolysis VTMS on the Structure–Property of Silane‐Terminated Polyurethane
Authors: Karna Namita , Mohanty Jyoti D. , Joshi Girish M. , Mhaske S. T. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSilane‐terminated Polyurethane (SPU) is in high demand in the sealant and adhesive industries because of its exceptional cohesive strength and excellent adhesive properties. To close a self‐curable SPU resin was synthesized using a two‐step solution polymerization process for 12 h at pH 2.8 using the sol–gel method. Subsequently, the polyurethane prepolymer's NCO moiety was terminated by VTMS silanol to prepare SPU resin. FTIR and liquid state NMR were used to study VTMS hydrolysis in an acidic medium. Explored the effects of VTMS on SPU properties, including crystallinity, Mn and Mw, viscosity, gel fraction, thermal, surface, and mechanical. FTIR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectra confirmed the successful termination of the prepolymer's unreacted diisocyanate with the hydroxyl moiety of silanol. XPS and FTIR were used to analyze the chemical structures of urethane, urea, siloxane, and the hydrogen bonds between SPU moiety. Increased wt% of silanol exhibits increased gel fraction (80%–91%) with a decreased degree of swelling (76%–45%) showing the formation of a cross‐linked structure. Including siloxane in polyurethane showed a synergetic effect, resulting in enhanced thermal stability through reduction of weight loss. The SPU exhibited a three‐stage degradation pattern, accompanied by decreased glass transition temperature and crystallinity. Siloxane enrichment increased SPU surface roughness (Rq‐218 and Ra‐69 nm) and hydrophobicity (94°–103°). Silane wt% increase causes significant changes in Young's (2.19–51 N/mm2) modulus, strain %, and adhesive strength (4.60–5.62 MPa). Silane‐terminated polyurethane can be used successfully as an adhesive and sealant.
Enhanced EMI Shielding Efficiency of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Glass Sphere Composite‐Loaded Ultralight Weight Flexible Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Sultana Salma , Chandan Mohammed Rehaan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGraphene nanoplatelets and glass sphere (GNP@GS) composite is prepared using a simple mixing process and is loaded in flexible polyurethane foam to produce ultralight weight, high‐performance, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material. The presence of a glass sphere enhances the mobility of graphene nanoplatelets in a polymer matrix forming a continuous conductive network thereby achieving better electrical conductivity and enhanced EMI shielding efficiency. The electrical conductivity of the synthesized GNP@GS/PU foam composites was achieved between 5.69 × 10−8 and 13.25 × 10−4 S/cm at varying filler loading. The maximum shielding effectiveness (i.e., −24.43 dB) was found at 12 wt% GNP@GS‐loaded samples. The shielding results show that the composites have the potential to be employed as ultralight weight, flexible EM shielding materials. These materials are essential in many applications because they are good shield materials that prevent electronic equipment from electromagnetic‐interference, better heat dissipation from the device, and also flexible to support fall protection.
Harmonizing lightweight and ablation resistance: Design and performance of multilayer composite insulation materials for solid rocket motors
Authors: Wang Li , Li Jiang , Wang Yiwei , Dong Jiaxin , Wan Liqing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe realization of lightweight insulation materials is often accompanied by a decrease in ablation performance. Coordinating the contradiction between lightweight and ablation resistance is the key to the development of thermal protection technology. Addressing the need for high‐performance insulation materials within solid rocket motors (SRMs) combustion chambers, we designed three multilayer composite structural insulation materials and studied their properties. The results show that among these constructed multilayer composites, the bilayer structure exhibited the lowest density at a mere 0.72 g/cm3, marking a 27% reduction compared to the basic structure. Remarkably, the bilayer configuration demonstrated superior ablation resistance, showcasing a 25% decrease in the line ablation rate in contrast to the basic structure after oxygen‐acetylene test. This achievement embodies the successful harmonization of lightweight properties with ablation resistance. Furthermore, based on the performance and microstructure of the char layer, a further analysis revealed the enhancement mechanism of ablative performance by the multilayer composite structure. It was found that the synergistic effect of the compact/porous structure of the char layer grants the bilayer structure thermal insulation material optimal ablative performance. This work provides strong support for improving the performance of SRMs.Highlights
Insulation materials with multilayer composite structures are designed.
The materials exhibit both lightweight and superior ablation resistance.
Compact/porous char layers enhance material ablation performance.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Magnetic Cube‐Like Copper Ferrite Nanocrystallines for Reduction 4‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Zhang Enlei , Song Xiaowen , Chen Jiaojiao , Zhang Bengui , Wang Guosheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe cube‐like copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanocrystallines are produced by the hydrothermal method without using any surfactant. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) are used to characterize the morphology, structure, and phase of the samples. CuFe2O4 nanocubes show the superior catalytic performance of reduction 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) to 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP). 20 mg CuFe2O4 nanocubes can totally convert 4‐NP to 4‐AP in 30 s at room temperature. Moreover, the reaction kinetics of 4‐NP catalytic reduction are also studied. Hence, this innovative CuFe2O4 nanocube has a lot of potential for organic pollutant destruction.