bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Letter: causes of fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease remain uncertain – authors’ reply
Authors: Artom M. , Czuber‐Dochan W. , Norton C. 
Published: February 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Artom et al and Gracie and Ford papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13870 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13922.
Glucocorticoids improve endothelial function in rheumatoid arthritis: a study in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis
Authors: Verhoeven F , Totoson P , Maguin-Gaté K , Prigent-Tessier A , Marie C , Wendling D , Moretto J , Prati C , Demougeot C 
Published: February 2017

Summary
To determine the effect of glucocorticoids (GCs) on endothelial dysfunction (ED) and on traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in the adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model. At the first signs of AIA, a high dose (HD) [10 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally (i.p.), GC-HD] or low dose (LD) (1 mg/kg/day, i.p., GC-LD) of prednisolone was administered for 3 weeks. Endothelial function was studied in aortic rings relaxed with acetylcholine (Ach) with or without inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), arginase, endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) and superoxide anions (O2–°) production. Aortic expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS), Ser1177-phospho-eNOS, COX-2, arginase-2, p22phox and p47phox was evaluated by Western blotting analysis. Arthritis scores, blood pressure, heart rate and blood levels of cytokines, triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose were measured. GC-HD but not GC-LD reduced arthritis score significantly and improved Ach-induced relaxation (P &lt; 0·05). The positive effect of GC-HD resulted from increased NOS activity and EDHF production and decreased COX-2/arginase activities and O2–° production. These functional effects relied upon increased phospho-eNOS expression and decreased COX-2, arginase-2 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase expression. Despite the lack of effect of GC-LD on ED, it increased NOS and EDHF and down-regulated O2–° pathways but did not change arginase and COX-2 pathways. GC-HD increased triglycerides levels and blood pressure significantly (P &lt; 0·05). Both doses of GCs decreased to the same extent as plasma interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels (P &lt; 0·05). Our data demonstrated that subchronic treatment with prednisolone improved endothelial function in AIA via pleiotropic effects on endothelial pathways. These effects occurred independently of the deleterious cardiometabolic effects and the impact of prednisolone on systemic inflammation.
Around the world, adolescence is a time of heightened sensation seeking and immature self‐regulation
Authors: Steinberg Laurence , Icenogle Grace , Shulman Elizabeth P. , Breiner Kaitlyn , Chein Jason , Bacchini Dario , Chang Lei , Chaudhary Nandita , Giunta Laura Di , Dodge Kenneth A. , Fanti Kostas A. , Lansford Jennifer E. , Malone Patrick S. , Oburu Paul , Pastorelli Concetta , Skinner Ann T. , Sorbring Emma , Tapanya Sombat , Tirado Liliana Maria Uribe , Alampay Liane Peña , Al‐Hassan Suha M. , Takash Hanan M. S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe dual systems model of adolescent risk‐taking portrays the period as one characterized by a combination of heightened sensation seeking and still‐maturing self‐regulation, but most tests of this model have been conducted in the United States or Western Europe. In the present study, these propositions are tested in an international sample of more than 5000 individuals between ages 10 and 30 years from 11 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas, using a multi‐method test battery that includes both self‐report and performance‐based measures of both constructs. Consistent with the dual systems model, sensation seeking increased between preadolescence and late adolescence, peaked at age 19, and declined thereafter, whereas self‐regulation increased steadily from preadolescence into young adulthood, reaching a plateau between ages 23 and 26. Although there were some variations in the magnitude of the observed age trends, the developmental patterns were largely similar across countries.
Academic Institutions, Ambiguity and Learning Outcomes as Management Tools
Authors: Bleiklie Ivar , Frølich Nicoline , Sweetman Rachel , Henkel Mary 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSpecifying learning outcomes (LOs) in higher education as part of the European Qualification Framework (EQF) has resulted in a variety of experiences in the national contexts of England and Norway, as well as in different institutional and disciplinary settings. This article contributes to a contextualised understanding of the kind of management tools that higher education learning outcomes (HELOs) are, based on a conceptually‐informed comparative empirical analysis. The comparison is based on two types of disciplines (the humanities and STEM) in two national contexts (Norway and England) at two research‐intensive universities in each country. These settings offer an opportunity to look for evidence – inspired by public administration literature – as to whether HELOs have some specific characteristics as management tools. HELOs share the characteristics that afflict most reform policies – that of ambiguity and the potential of being shaped by a number of circumstantial factors. Higher education institutions are highly dependent on, and embedded in, multiple relationships to the environment. Hence, as decision making structures, they are ‘penetrated’ and influenced in ways that are likely to vary across countries, types of institutions and academic disciplines. Because institutions and disciplinary groups are embedded in different policy (varying degrees and forms of state steering and policy implementation) and organisational environments (different degrees and forms of hierarchical leadership, managerial control, and autonomy) and different disciplines (different perceptions of scientific‐, professional‐, educational mission, and relationships to external stakeholders) they also constitute different organisational spaces for participation and engagement in shaping and using HELOs.
Between‐patch natal dispersal declines with increasing natal patch size and distance to other patches in the endangered Southern Dunlin Calidris alpina schinzii
Authors: Pakanen Veli‐Matti , Koivula Kari , Flodin Lars‐Åke , Grissot Antoine , Hagstedt Robin , Larsson Mikael , Pauliny Angela , Rönkä Nelli , Blomqvist Donald 
Published: February 2017

Natal dispersal has profound consequences for populations through the movement of individuals and genes. Habitat fragmentation reduces structural connectivity by decreasing patch size and increasing isolation, but understanding of how this impacts dispersal and the functional connectivity of landscapes is limited because many studies are constrained by the size of the study areas or sample sizes to accurately capture natal dispersal. We quantified natal dispersal probability and natal dispersal distances in a small migratory shorebird, the Southern Dunlin Calidris alpina schinzii, with data from two extensively monitored endangered metapopulations breeding in Sweden and Finland. In both metapopulations philopatry was strong, with individuals returning to or close to their natal patches more often than expected by chance, consistent with the patchy distribution of their breeding habitat. Dispersal probabilities were lower and dispersal distances were shorter in Sweden. These results provide a plausible explanation for the observed inbreeding and population decline of the Swedish population. The differences between Sweden and Finland were explained by patch‐specific differences. Between‐patch dispersal decreased with increasing natal patch size and distance to other patches. Our results suggest that reduced connectivity reduces movements of the philopatric Dunlin, making it vulnerable to the effects of inbreeding. Increasing connectivity between patches should thus be one of the main goals when planning future management. This may be facilitated by creating a network of suitably sized patches (20–100 ha), no more than 20 km apart from each other, from existing active patches that may work as stepping stones for movement, and by increasing nest success and pre‐fledging survival in small patches.
From “I” to “We”: Different forms of identity, emotion, and belief predict victim support volunteerism among nominal and active supporters
Authors: Thomas Emma F. , Rathmann Lisa , McGarty Craig 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUnderstanding how to attract and maintain volunteers is crucial for the operation of victim support organizations. We propose that volunteerism can be understood in a similar way as collective action. Active (N = 99) and nominal supporters (N = 134) completed measures of identities (personal, social, and organizational), emotions (sympathy, outrage, and pride), and efficacy beliefs (self‐, group, and organizational). The results revealed a different pattern of predictors of volunteerism for the two samples. Among nominal supporters, commitment to volunteerism was predicted by personal identity (“I”), sympathy, and self‐efficacy; among the actively engaged, volunteerism was predicted by social identity (“we”), outrage, and self‐efficacy. These results suggest that engagement with volunteerism is associated with qualitatively different processes for those nominally versus actively supportive of volunteer efforts.
Importance of environmental and spatial components for species and trait composition in terrestrial snail communities
Authors: Astor Tina , von Proschwitz Ted , Strengbom Joachim , Berg Matty P. , Bengtsson Jan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimDespite the huge diversity of soil animals and their recognized contribution to many ecosystem functions, little is known about the relative importance of factors controlling their abundance and distribution. We examined the relative importance of environmental and spatial factors in explaining the species and functional trait composition of terrestrial snail communities at the level of meta‐communities (spatial extent c. 100 × 100 km) in a heterogeneous, intensively used landscape. We hypothesized that both spatial and environmental factors contribute to the variation in community structure across the landscape, but expected environmental variables describing local habitat conditions to be most important.LocationCounty of Skåne, south Sweden.MethodsWe quantified community structure in terms of species composition and as functional trait composition, because functional traits directly link species performance to environmental conditions. To disentangle the unique and shared contribution of environmental and spatial factors to the variation in snail community structure (in terms of species and trait composition) we applied a partial redundancy analysis.ResultsSpecies traits explained more of the variance in community composition than species identity. Snail traits such as tolerance to environmental stress (related to soil moisture content) and niche width were correlated with the main environmental gradient. Environmental variables (i.e. soil moisture content, vegetation characteristics and soil pH) contributed considerably more to variation in community composition (species: 11.4%; traits: 24.9%) than the spatial variables (species: 6.5%; traits: 4.2%).Main conclusionsThe results highlight that both environmental and spatial variables are required to understand the relative importance of niche‐based and intrinsic population processes as drivers of terrestrial snail community structure. However, at the scale of our study niche‐based community structuring explained by the trait–environment relationship is considerably more important than spatial patterning independent of the environment.
Variability in students' evaluating processes in peer assessment with calibrated peer review
Authors: Russell J. , Van Horne S. , Ward A.S. , Bettis E.A. , Gikonyo J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study investigated students' evaluating process and their perceptions of peer assessment when they engaged in peer assessment using Calibrated Peer Review. Calibrated Peer Review is a web‐based application that facilitates peer assessment of writing. One hundred and thirty‐two students in an introductory environmental science course participated in the study. Two self‐reported surveys and a focus group interview were administered during the semester. The peer assessment data and demographic information were collected at the end of the semester. Although the study results support the agreement between peers and an expert, the variations in a group and individual level were found, in particular, when students evaluated mid‐quality or low‐quality writings regardless of their reviewing ability. Students tended to perceive that the process of evaluating peers' and own writings was helpful in their learning. Further, students' positive perceptions of peer assessment were associated with their understanding of the values of peer assessment tasks and their perceptions of achieving the course goal. We concluded that instructors should provide specific guidelines for how to decide a rating, use actual students' essays instead of instructor‐developed samples to train students and require written explanation for rubric questions to reduce variation in students' ratings and promote learning.
New or Worsening Symptoms and Signs in Community‐Dwelling Persons with Dementia: Incidence and Relation to Use of Acute Medical Services
Authors: Sloane Philip D. , Schifeling Christopher H. , Beeber Anna S. , Ward Kimberly T. , Reed David , Gwyther Lisa P. , Matchar Bobbi , Zimmerman Sheryl 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo understand the range of symptoms that present to family caregivers of community‐dwelling persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).DesignSix‐month longitudinal prospective study to identify the incidence of new or worsening symptoms and their association with acute care medical service use.SettingCommunity‐based sample of volunteers from multiple states.ParticipantsA total of 136 patient‐caregiver dyads with a range of dementia severity.MeasurementsForty four symptoms and signs common in older persons and/or persons with dementia; frequency of emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and death; and associations between reported symptoms and acute medical care.ResultsDuring a mean of 5.7 months’ follow‐up, new or worsening organ‐specific (90% of participants), nonspecific (89%), and behavioral (88%) symptoms were common, with the average caregiver reporting seven new or worsening symptoms. Most common were worsening confusion (74%), decreased activity (64%), agitation (57%), hallucinations/delusions (45%), voice and speaking problems (45%), not eating or drinking (44%), and stress/anxiety (41%). Hospitalization and emergency department use occurred respectively in 19% and 20% of participants, and were associated with organ‐specific symptoms (OR 3.15, P = .02), less so with nonspecific symptoms (OR 2.27, P = .07), and very little with behavioral symptoms (OR 1.44, P = .38). Within each symptom category, certain symptoms were significantly associated with acute medical service use.ConclusionFamily caregivers of persons with ADRD must respond to a variety of medical, nonspecific, and behavioral symptoms. The high incidence of new or worsening symptoms and of acute medical care use suggests a need to better target symptom evaluation and management in caregiver education.
Mixed‐Methods Pilot Study to Assess Perceptions of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Nursing Homes
Authors: Carter Rebecca R. , Montpetite Michelle M. , Jump Robin L. P. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo identify features of community nursing home (NH) environments associated with lower rates of overall antibiotic use.DesignThis pilot study used an explanatory sequential design that incorporated comparative feedback about antibiotic use to inform a discussion about antimicrobial stewardship practices in community NHs.SettingNHs.ParticipantsClinical leadership of five NHs.MeasurementsFor the quantitative phase, the number of antibiotic prescriptions, length of therapy, and days of therapy/1,000 days of care were measured at six NHs. For the qualitative phase, semistructured interviews were conducted with healthcare workers in leadership positions at five community NHs. Transcripts from the recorded interviews were assessed using emergent thematic analysis. For the triangulation phase, themes from the semistructured interviews were evaluated in the context of each NH's antibiotic use.ResultsThe number of antibiotic prescriptions ranged from 172 to 1,244, with 50% to 83% written for 7 days or fewer. All NHs reported a similar proportion of fluoroquinolone use (27–32% of days of therapy). Triangulation yielded six themes for which the environment at each facility ranged from less‐ to more‐supportive antimicrobial stewardship: practice patterns, external influences, infection control, leadership, communication, and facility culture. All NHs reported pressure from well‐intentioned family members to prescribe antibiotics. NHs with shorter lengths of therapy and lower overall antibiotic use were consonant with an environment more supportive of antimicrobial stewardship.ConclusionThese findings suggest several features of NHs that are supportive of antimicrobial stewardship: practice patterns grounded in established diagnostic criteria, proactive infection control and prevention, open communication and interconnectedness among staff.
Effect of magnesium supplementation on type 2 diabetes associated cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Verma H. , Garg R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disorders remain the leading cause of death in type 2 diabetic patients. In the present study, a systematic review and a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted aiming to evaluate the effect of magnesium supplementation on type 2 diabetes (T2D) associated cardiovascular risk factors in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception to 30 June 2016 aiming to identify RCTs evaluating the effect of magnesium supplementation on T2D associated cardiovascular risk factors. The data were analysed using a random effect model with inverse variance methodology. Sensitivity analysis, risk of bias analysis, subgroup analysis, meta‐regression and publication bias analysis were also conducted for the included studies using standard methods.ResultsFollowing magnesium supplementation, a significant improvement was observed in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) [weighted mean difference (WMD) = −4.641 mg dL−1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −7.602, −1.680, P = 0.002], high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) (WMD = 3.197 mg dL−1, 95% CI = 1.455, 4.938, P < 0.001), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD = −10.668 mg dL−1, 95% CI = −19.108, −2.228, P = 0.013), plasma triglycerides (TG) (WMD = −15.323 mg dL−1, 95% CI = −28.821, −1.826, P = 0.026) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD = −3.056 mmHg, 95% CI = −5.509, −0.603, P = 0.015). During subgroup analysis, a more beneficial effect of magnesium supplementation was observed in diabetic subjects with hypomagnesaemia.ConclusionsMagnesium supplementation can produce a favourable effect on FPG, HDL, LDL, TG and SBP. Therefore, magnesium supplementation may decrease the risk T2D associated cardiovascular diseases, although future large RCTs are needed for making robust guidelines for clinical practice.
Defining and comparing learning actions in two simulation modalities: students training on a latex arm and each other's arms
Authors: Ravik Monika , Havnes Anton , Bjørk Ida Torunn 
Published: February 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore, describe and compare learning actions that nursing students used during peripheral vein cannulation training on a latex arm or each other's arms in a clinical skills centre.BackgroundSimulation‐based training is thought to enhance learning and transfer of learning from simulation to the clinical setting and is commonly recommended in nursing education. What students actually are doing during simulation‐based training is, however, less explored. The analysis of learning actions used during simulation‐based training could contribute to development and improvement of simulation as a learning strategy in nursing education.DesignA qualitative explorative and descriptive research design, involving content analysis of video recordings, was used.MethodsVideo‐supported observation of nine nursing students practicing vein cannulation was conducted in a clinical skills centre in late 2012.ResultsThe students engaged in various learning actions. Students training on a latex arm used a considerably higher number of learning actions relative to those training on each other's arms. In both groups, students’ learning actions consisted mainly of seeking and giving support. The teacher provided students training on each other's arms with detailed feedback regarding insertion of the cannula into the vein, while those training on a latex arm received sparse feedback from the teacher and fellow students.ConclusionThe teacher played an important role in facilitating nursing students’ practical skill learning during simulation. The provision of support from both teachers and students should be emphasised to ensure that nursing students’ learning needs are met.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study suggest that student nurses may be differently and inadequately prepared in peripheral vein cannulation in two simulation modalities used in the academic setting; training on a latex arm and on each other's arms.
C‐Myc regulates radiation‐induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell death in human cervical cancer cells
Authors: Cui Fengmei , Hou Jun , Huang Chengcheng , Sun Xiujin , Zeng Yanan , Cheng Huiying , Wang Hao , Li Chao 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThe study was conducted to investigate the role of c‐Myc in the regulation of ionizing radiation‐induced cell cycle arrest and cell death in human cervical cancer cells.MethodsControl and c‐Myc‐silenced Hela cells were collected at different time points after 60Co γ‐ray radiation. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence was applied to determine the percentage of cells in M phase. Transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting were used to detect the induction of autophagy after radiation. Immunoblotting was also used to measure the expression levels of apoptosis‐related proteins.ResultsIn c‐Myc‐silenced cells, radiation induced delayed but long‐lasting G2/M arrest and an abnormal M phase compared with the control. In addition, c‐Myc knockdown significantly inhibited apoptotic cell death induced by radiation. Meanwhile, radiation‐induced autophagy appeared stronger in c‐Myc‐silenced cells. Mechanically, we found that Caspase 8 and survivin expression was decreased in c‐Myc‐silenced Hela‐630 cells.ConclusionsThese data showed that c‐Myc serves as a co‐regulator in radiation‐induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell death in human cervical cancer cells.