bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caracterización fenotípica de accesiones de especies de Rubus L. de los municipios de Pamplona y Chitagá, región Nororiental de Colombia
Authors: Cancino-Escalante Giovani Orlando , Sánchez-Montaño Luis Roberto , Quevedo-García Enrique , Díaz-Carvajal Claudia 
Published: November 2015

<br /><p><strong></strong><strong>Objective. </strong>To identify the cultivated and wild species of <em>Rubus</em> in 53 farms with commercial plantations of <em>Rubus glaucus </em>Benth, owned by four blackberry grower associations in the towns of Pamplona and Chitagá, (Norte de Santander, Colombia).<strong> Materials and methods. </strong>Three to five specimens were collected from each farm and along the roadside. Plants aged 9 to 12 months since their plantation in the commercial farms and wild materials with characteristics of <em>Rubus</em> were selected. Twenty two descriptors (fourteen quantitative and eight qualitative) were assessed. We considered the seventh and eighth branch buds both male and female (with five repetitions) and fruits and flowers of each material. Principal component analysis was done with the fourteen quantitative variables, to identify the descriptors that most contribute to the morphological differentiation of accessions. A conglomerate analysis was used for grouping accessions according to their similarity and dissimilarity. <strong>Results. </strong>Among the 147 accessions analyzed from the different farms, our study determined the presence of 6 different taxa: <em>R. glaucus</em> Benth (with and without spines), <em>R. alpinus </em>Macfad<em>, R. adenotrichos </em>Schltdl<em>, R. rosifolius </em>Sm.<em>,</em> <em>R. bogotensis </em>Kunth<em> </em>and<em> R. floribundus </em>Kunth <strong>Conclusions. </strong>The descriptors that differentiated the species and discriminated them by groups by providing 77% of the information with the use of principal component analysis, were: length and width of central and lateral leaflets, length of flower and leaf structures, apex shape and number of secondary veins.</p> <p><strong>Key words</strong>: <em>Rubus glaucus </em>Benth, identification, <em>taxa,</em> descriptors, principal component analysis, conglomerate analysis</p> <p> </p><br />
El preocupante estado de Centronia mutisii (Melastomataceae)
Authors: León Olga Adriana , Cadena-Vargas Camilo Esteban , Acosta-Ortiz Mónica Saida 
Published: November 2015

<p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Objective.</strong> Our study was intended to detail aspects of <em>Centronia mutisii </em>such as its distribution, population status and propagation, due to the anthropogenic pressure on its habitat which is restricted to a localized area in Cundinamarca and the District Capital, and because it is listed as a vulnerable species (VU) by the IUCN. <strong>Materials and methods.</strong> We identified the potential distribution of <em>C. </em><em>mutisii</em> (niche modeling), assessed the conservation status of the population, and applied plant propagation ex situ management treatments. <strong>Results.</strong> The potential geographic distribution is restricted and until now a single population has been recorded in a locality. There is a marked edge effect on the population structure and propagation is difficult. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. We propose this species as a conservation priority due to its extremely localized distribution and population structure being affected by processes that affect its habitat, and also to begin a discussion on the reclassification of its current threat level. Decision makers should include <em>C. mutisii</em> in research and investment agendas to develop in situ and ex situ conservation strategies.</p> <p><strong>Key words: </strong>Sumapaz; IUCN; Maxent; Cundinamarca; Colombia</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong></strong></p>
Deep Borehole Heat Exchangers — A Conceptual and Comparative Review
Authors: Sapinska-Sliwa Aneta , Rosen Marc A. , Gonet Andrzej , Sliwa Tomasz 
Published: November 2015

Borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) are used for transforming a rock mass into an underground heat storage. Usually, their depth does not exceed 200[Formula: see text]m, but some extend to a depth of almost 3000[Formula: see text]m. Underground heat storages can operate as part of heating and cooling systems, often economically. In winter they extract heat from the rock mass for space heating, while in summer the cooled rock mass is used for air conditioning. The heat extracted from buildings via air conditioning is transferred into the rock mass, thereby regenerating its condition for winter time. Deep borehole exchangers also may operate only in the heating mode. Then, the rock resource conditions are regenerated via heat transfer through neighboring rocks. If a groundwater flow is present, the heat can also be removed and the source conditions regenerated through convection.Here, an overview of the use and operation of deep BHEs around the world is provided. Special emphasis is placed on the Carpathians, where numerous analyses of geothermal heat use have been performed since 1999. Examples of calculations for old oil and gas wells as well as negative exploration boreholes are given. Such analyses have been performed for boreholes in Poland and the Ukraine. However, little research has been published on this subject to date, for reasons described herein.
Description of the Chinese-to-Spanish Rule-Based Machine Translation System Developed Using a Hybrid Combination of Human Annotation and Statistical Techniques
Authors: Costa-Jussà Marta R. , Centelles Jordi 
Published: November 2015

Two of the most popular Machine Translation (MT) paradigms are rule based (RBMT) and corpus based, which include the statistical systems (SMT). When scarce parallel corpus is available, RBMT becomes particularly attractive. This is the case of the Chinese--Spanish language pair.
This article presents the first RBMT system for Chinese to Spanish. We describe a hybrid method for constructing this system taking advantage of available resources such as parallel corpora that are used to extract dictionaries and lexical and structural transfer rules.
The final system is freely available online and open source. Although performance lags behind standard SMT systems for an in-domain test set, the results show that the RBMT’s coverage is competitive and it outperforms the SMT system in an out-of-domain test set. This RBMT system is available to the general public, it can be further enhanced, and it opens up the possibility of creating future hybrid MT systems.
Are clinical measures of foot posture and mobility associated with foot kinematics when walking?
Authors: Buldt Andrew K. , Murley George S. , Levinger Pazit , Menz Hylton B. , Nester Christopher J. , Landorf Karl B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is uncertainty as to which foot posture measures are the most valid in terms of predicting kinematics of the foot. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of clinical measures of static foot posture and mobility with foot kinematics during barefoot walking.MethodFoot posture and mobility were measured in 97 healthy adults (46 males, 51 females; mean age 24.4 ± 6.2 years). Foot posture was assessed using the 6‐item Foot Posture Index (FPI), Arch Index (AI), Normalised Navicular Height (NNHt) and Normalised Dorsal Arch Height (DAH). Foot mobility was evaluated using the Foot Mobility Magnitude (FMM) measure. Following this, a five‐segment foot model was used to measure tri‐planar motion of the rearfoot, midfoot, medial forefoot, lateral forefoot and hallux. Peak and range of motion variables during load acceptance and midstance/propulsion phases of gait were extracted for all relative segment to segment motion calculations. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for potential confounding variables.ResultsThe degree of variance in peak and range of motion kinematic variables that was independently explained by foot posture measures was as follows: FPI 5 to 22 %, NNHt 6 to 20 %, AI 7 to 13 %, DAH 6 to 8 %, and FMM 8 %. The FPI was retained as a significant predictor across the most number of kinematic variables. However, the amount of variance explained by the FPI for individual kinematic variables did not exceed other measures. Overall, static foot posture measures were more strongly associated with kinematic variables than foot mobility measures and explained more variation in peak variables compared to range of motion variables.ConclusionsFoot posture measures can explain only a small amount of variation in foot kinematics. Static foot posture measures, and in particular the FPI, were more strongly associated with foot kinematics compared with foot mobility measures. These findings suggest that foot kinematics cannot be accurately inferred from clinical observations of foot posture alone.
Effects of passive leg raising and volume expansion on mean systemic pressure and venous return in shock in humans
Authors: Guérin Laurent , Teboul Jean-Louis , Persichini Romain , Dres Martin , Richard Christian , Monnet Xavier 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to assess how mean systemic pressure (Psm) and resistance to venous return (Rvr) behave during passive leg raising (PLR) in cases of fluid responsiveness and fluid unresponsiveness.

Method
In 30 patients with an acute circulatory failure, in order to estimate the venous return curve, we constructed the regression line between pairs of cardiac index (CI) and central venous pressure (CVP). Values were measured during end-inspiratory and end-expiratory ventilatory occlusions performed at two levels of positive end-expiratory pressure. The x-axis intercept was used to estimate Psm and the inverse of the slope to quantify Rvr. These measurements were obtained at baseline, during PLR and after fluid infusion. Patients in whom fluid infusion increased CI by more than 15 % were defined as “fluid-responders”.

Results
In fluid-responders (n = 15), CVP and Psm significantly increased (from 7 ± 3 to 9 ± 4 mmHg and from 25 ± 13 to 31 ± 13 mmHg, respectively) during PLR. The Psm-CVP gradient significantly increased by 20 ± 30 % while Rvr did not change significantly during PLR. In fluid-nonresponders, CVP and Psm increased significantly but the Psm-CVP gradient did not change significantly during PLR. PLR did not change the intra-abdominal pressure in the whole population (14 ± 6 mmHg before vs. 13 ± 5 mmHg during PLR, p = 0.26) and in patients with intra-abdominal hypertension at baseline (17 ± 4 mmHg before vs. 16 ± 4 mmHg during PLR, p = 0.14). In the latter group, PLR increased Psm from 22 ± 11 to 27 ± 10 mmHg (p <0.01) and did not change Rvr (5.1 ± 2.6 to 5.2 ± 3 mmHg/min/m2/mL, p = 0.71). In fluid-responders, Psm, CVP and the Psm-CVP gradient significantly increased during fluid infusion while the Rvr did not change. In fluid-nonresponders, CVP and Psm increased significantly during fluid infusion while the Psm-CVP gradient and Rvr did not change.

Conclusion
PLR significantly increased Psm without modifying Rvr. This was also the case in patients with intra-abdominal hypertension. In case of fluid responsiveness, PLR increased venous return by increasing Psm to a larger extent than CVP. In patients with fluid unresponsiveness, PLR increased Psm but did not change the Psm–CVP gradient. Fluid infusion induced similar effects on Psm and Rvr.
Intensive care at the end of life in patients dying due to non-cancer chronic diseases versus cancer: a nationwide study in Denmark
Authors: Lyngaa Thomas , Christiansen Christian Fynbo , Nielsen Henrik , Neergaard Mette Asbjørn , Jensen Anders Bonde , Laut Kristina Grønborg , Johnsen Søren Paaske 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionIt is unknown to what extent use of palliative care and focus on proactive planning of end-of-life (EOL) care among cancer patients is also reflected by less use of intensive care. We aimed to examine the use of intensive care in the EOL in patients dying as a result of non-cancer diseases compared with patients dying due to cancer.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide follow-up study among 240,757 adults dying as a result of either non-cancer chronic disease or cancer in Denmark between 2005 and 2011. Using the Danish Intensive Care Database, we identified all admissions and treatments in intensive care units (ICU) during the patients’ last 6 months before death. We used prevalence ratios (aPRs) adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, marital status and residential region to compare the 6-month prevalence of ICU admissions as well as treatment with invasive mechanical ventilation (MV), non-invasive ventilation (NIV), renal replacement therapy (RRT) and inotropes and/or vasopressors. In addition, length of ICU stay and death during ICU admission were compared among non-cancer and cancer patients dying between 2009 and 2011.ResultsOverall 12.3 % of non-cancer patients were admitted to an ICU within their last 6 months of life, compared with 8.7 % of cancer patients. The overall aPR for ICU admission was 2.11 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.98–2.24] for non-cancer patients compared with cancer patients and varied widely within the non-cancer patients (patients with dementia, aPR 0.19, 95 % CI 0.17–0.21; patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, aPR 3.19, 95 % CI 2.97–3.41). The overall aPRs for treatment among non-cancer patients compared with cancer patients were 1.40 (95 % CI 1.35–1.46) for MV, 1.62 (95 % CI 1.50–1.76) for NIV, 1.19 (95 % CI 1.07–1.31) for RRT and 1.05 (95 % CI 0.87–1.28) for inotropes and/or vasopressors. No difference in admission length was observed. Non-cancer patients had an increased risk of dying in an ICU (aPR 1.23, 95 % CI 0.99–1.54) compared with cancer patients.ConclusionsOverall, patients dying as a result of non-cancer diseases were twice as likely to be admitted to ICUs at the EOL as patients dying due to cancer. Further studies are warranted to explore whether this difference in use of intensive care reflects an unmet need of palliative care, poor communication about the EOL or lack of prognostic tools for terminally ill non-cancer patients.
Complete genome sequence of bacteriophage P26218 infecting Rhodoferax sp. strain IMCC26218
Authors: Moon Kira , Kang Ilnam , Kim Suhyun , Cho Jang-Cheon , Kim Sang-Jong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBacteriophage P26218 is a virus that thrives in freshwater and infects Rhodoferax sp. strain IMCC26218, both of which were isolated from Soyang Lake, Korea. The bacterial host, IMCC26218, belongs to the genus Rhodoferax and is closely related to R. saidenbachensis, with 98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Bacteriophage P26218 has an icosahedral head structure with a diameter of ~52 nm and short tail of ~9 nm, which is a typical morphology of the Podoviridae family. Its complete dsDNA genome was 36,315 bp with 56.7 % G + C content. This is the first genome sequence reported for a lytic phage of the genus Rhodoferax.
Determination of appropriate grid dimension and sampling plot size for assessment of woody species diversity in Zagros Forest, Iran
Authors: ZOHREVANDI ALI ASGHAR , POURBABAEI HASSAN , AKHAVAN REZA , BONYAD AMIR ESLAM 
Published: November 2015

Zohrevandi AA, Pourbabaei H, Akhavan R, Bonyad AE. 2015. Determination of appropriate grid dimension and sampling plotsize for assessment of woody species diversity in Zagros Forest, Iran. Biodiversitas 17: 24-30. This research was conducted to determinethe most suitable grid (dimension for sampling) and sampling plot size for assessment of woody species diversity in protected Zagros forests, west of Iran. Sampling was carried out using circular sample plots with areas of 1000 m2, 1500 m2 and 2000 m for 9 grid sizes in 200 ha forest area. Importance-value curve which fitted by a Lognormal Distribution Model was plotted using Species Importance Value Index (SVI). After determining the diversity indices such as Hills (N0, N1, N2) andÂ Alataloâ€™s evenness (E5) in each plot and assigning each sampling time, E%2x T criterion was calculated in order to compare the methods. Results of hundred percent inventory and sampling in forests showed that the accuracy of sampling in 1000m2 plot size is higher than 2000m2 ones. According to the Importance-value curve, accuracy and E%2x T criterion, the 150 m x 400 m grid size and sampling plot size with an area of 1000 m2 was proposed as the most appropriate one to estimate woody species diversity in Iranian Zagros Forests.
Production, consumption and text in music industry: The problem of copyright<p>Müzik endüstrisinde üretim, tüketim ve metin: Telif sorunsalı
Authors: Darcan Tolga , Ergun Levent 
Published: November 2015

<p>This article investigates the relevance of the concept of copyright, which took its modern form in the last century, to the present conditions specific to music in the light of technological and cultural changes. Firstly, it provides a basic definition of copyright along with examples related to its implementation. Then, it dwells on production, distribution and consumption dimensions of music, addressing their differences between 20th and 21st centuries. The main cause of these differences is that there have been radical changes in technology and that reflections of these changes on cultural field have created a completely new paradigm. One of the characteristics of this new paradigm is that unprecedented creativity techniques and ideas are emerged in conjunction with the continuing intertwinement of the consumption and production dimensions of music. The article tries to express all these issues in relation to the need of alteration of the copyright concept, and discusses new alternatives to copyright, especially the most prominent one being Creative Commons. Pointing out the potential developments, it emphasizes the need of reformulation of the laws and regulations related to copyright.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu makale, bugünkü biçimini geçtiğimiz yüzyılda almış olan telif hakları konseptinin müzik özelinde günümüz koşullarına uygunluğunu, teknolojik ve kültürel değişimler ışığında incelemeye çalışır. Bu bağlamda, ilk olarak bu konseptin kısa bir tanımına ve uygulanmasına ilişkin örneklere yer verir; ardından ise müziğin üretim, dağıtım ve tüketim boyutları üzerinde durarak 20. yüzyıl ile 21. yüzyıl arasındaki farklara değinir. Bu farkların temel sebebi, teknolojide görülen değişimler ile bu değişimlerin kültürel alana yansımasının tamamen yeni bir durum meydana getirmiş olmasıdır. Bu yeni durumun niteliklerinden biri de, müziğin tüketim ve üretim boyutlarının her geçen gün daha fazla iç içe geçmesiyle birlikte, daha önce görülmemiş yeni yaratıcılık alanlarının ortaya çıkışıdır. Makale bütün bunları, müzikte telif hakları konseptinin gözden geçirilme ihtiyacı ile ilişkili bir şekilde aktarmaya çalışır. Telif hakları alanında geliştirilen yeni alternatifler ve bu alternatifler arasında en çok öne çıkanlardan biri olan Creative Commons üzerinde durur. Gelecekteki olası durumlara da işaret etmeye çalışarak telif haklarına ilişkin yasaların yeniden düzenlenme gereksinimine vurgu yapar.</p>
Resistance Characteristics of Coal Slime in Pipe Flow at High Pressure
Authors: Gao Jie , Hao Xuedi , Wang Liang , Wang Peng 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Pipeline transportation is the best way to send the coal slime to circulating fluid bed boilers. The pressure loss of coal slime in pipeline transportation should be calculated accurately which has close relationship with the system design. In this paper, the influencing factors of coal slime pressure loss in pipe flow at high pressure were investigated at a designed test facility. The experimental results show that pressure loss is directly proportional to flow rate, but inversely proportional to pipe diameter. It is also found that the pressure loss has a complex exponential relationship with volume concentration. Based on the results above, a new calculation model for pressure loss of coal slime was built up. The coefficients in the calculation model were determined from the experimental data by means of nonlinear curve fitting step by step. The validity of this calculation model was verified by the experiments carried out on the large-scale circular pipeline transportation system which has the same parameters with industrial application.
Multi-Product Inventory-Routing Problem in the Supermarket Distribution Industry
Authors: Laganà Demetrio , Longo Francesco , Santoro Francesco 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The Inventory Routing Problem (IRP) is an integrated logistic problem arising in several industries (e.g. petrochemical, grocery, soft drink and automotive). A vendor decides the optimal delivery strategy for a set of customers, taking into account their inventory policies and avoiding product stock-out in a finite and discrete time horizon. Delivery strategy includes the time and size of deliveries in order to minimize the total delivery cost. Most commonly studied are IRP real cases where a single homogeneous product with deterministic but time-varying demand is delivered over a finite time horizon. This paper is focused on an efficient methodology for industrial problems where a vendor resupplies a set of customers of heterogeneous products (as in the supermarket distribution industry). In this context, the paper reports on an effort facing the inventory routing problem for multi-category products per customer in conjunction with different inventory policies per category. The paper is motivated by real applications arising in the food engineering field. For instance, industries dealing with food’s distribution to stores located in a given geographic area. The planning strategy is formulated as a linear model. The core of the decision problem consists in determining both the delivery route and the corresponding day of activation along the time horizon. A decomposition of the problem into two phases has been proposed. A suitable penalty cost modeled by simulating the possibility of having an early or delayed product delivery on the delivery day returned from the inventory model (e.g. Economic Order Quantity) is the key feature of the first phase. In the second phase, deliveries are scheduled on a daily basis by taking into account the time windows associated to each customer. This is accomplished by using a constructive heuristic algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with time windows. Computational results on some realistic instances are presented and discussed.
Flow diverters for intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Venier Alice , Gardenghi Beatrice , Lanzino Giuseppe , Rammos Stylianos K. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The progressive establishment of endovascular management in treating intracranial aneurysms had lead to continuous technique advancements and development of innovative technologies. Flow diverters are “stent-like” devices currently used for complex unruptured aneurysms allowing endoluminal reconstruction of the parent artery and occlusion of the aneurysm sac. In the present article, we review the development of flow diversion devices through in vitro and in vivo studies to clinical practice and summarize recent clinical data.