bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peptide Synthesis on a Next‐Generation DNA Sequencing Platform
Authors: Svensen Nina , Peersen Olve B. , Jaffrey Samie R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMethods for displaying large numbers of peptides on solid surfaces are essential for high‐throughput characterization of peptide function and binding properties. Here we describe a method for converting the >107 flow cell‐bound clusters of identical DNA strands generated by the Illumina DNA sequencing technology into clusters of complementary RNA, and subsequently peptide clusters. We modified the flow‐cell‐bound primers with ribonucleotides thus enabling them to be used by poliovirus polymerase 3Dpol. The primers hybridize to the clustered DNA thus leading to RNA clusters. The RNAs fold into functional protein‐ or small molecule‐binding aptamers. We used the mRNA‐display approach to synthesize flow‐cell‐tethered peptides from these RNA clusters. The peptides showed selective binding to cognate antibodies. The methods described here provide an approach for using DNA clusters to template peptide synthesis on an Illumina flow cell, thus providing new opportunities for massively parallel peptide‐based assays.
Hepatotoxicity due to zinc phosphide poisoning in two patients: role of N‐acetylcysteine
Authors: Oghabian Zohreh , Afshar Arefeh , Rahimi Hamid Reza 
Published: July 2016

Key Clinical MessageZinc phosphide (Zn3P2/ZnP) is used as a rodenticide. The most common signs of toxicity are nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and metabolic acidosis; patients presenting such signs are referred to the emergency department (ED) of the hospitals. Therefore, this study aimed to report two cases of hepatotoxicity following accidental and intentional ZnP poisoning and successful management with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC).
Maintenance eculizumab dose adjustment in the treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Thomson Nick , Ulrickson Matthew 
Published: July 2016

Key Clinical MessageAtypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) patients treated with eculizumab may require higher doses to achieve and maintain optimal clinical response. Further studies are warranted to elucidate optimal dosing regimens of eculizumab in aHUS patients, and whether dosing regimens can be predicted based on mutational status, eculizumab levels, or other testing.
Hydrothiolation of Alkenes and Alkynes Catalyzed by 3,4‐Dimethyl‐5‐vinylthiazolium iodide and Poly(3,4‐dimethyl‐5‐vinylthiazolium) iodide
Authors: Chun Supill , Chung Junyong , Park Ji Eun , Chung Young Keun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe highly selective anti‐Markovnikov addition of thiols to unactivated alkenes and alkynes was demonstrated by using 3,4‐dimethyl‐5‐vinylthiazolium iodide or its polymer, poly(3,4‐dimethyl‐5‐vinylthiazolium) iodide, as a complementary catalyst. The reaction proceeded cleanly under base‐free conditions in air with both aromatic and aliphatic thiols. The polymer catalyst showed a high turnover number (≈5800) and could be reused up to four times without any loss of catalytic activity. DFT calculations supported stabilization of the thiyl radical intermediate by the thiazolium cation, which resulted in reaction of the radical with unsaturated C−C bonds.
Unusually Facile Thermal Homodienyl‐[1,5]‐Hydrogen Shift Reactions in Photochemically Generated Vinyl Aziridines
Authors: Knowles Jonathan P. , Booker‐Milburn Kevin I. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA range of photochemically generated tri‐ and tetracyclic vinyl aziridines have been found to undergo a general and surprisingly low temperature ring opening through a [1,5]‐hydrogen shift reaction. The rate of the process was found to be highly dependent on the structure and substitution around the azirdine ring and the alkene terminus, with some substrates being observed to undergo ring opening at temperatures as low as 25 °C. The rigid nature of these polycyclic systems precludes a conformational explanation of these rate differences, and an Eyring study confirmed a negligible entropic barrier to the reaction. However, the Eyring plots for two different aziridines systems showed a significant difference in their enthalpies of activation. It is therefore believed that the levels of aziridine ring strain, as well as electronic effects, are the dominant factors in this sequence.
Self‐Sufficient Formaldehyde‐to‐Methanol Conversion by Organometallic Formaldehyde Dismutase Mimic
Authors: van der Waals Dominic , Heim Leo E. , Vallazza Simona , Gedig Christian , Deska Jan , Prechtl Martin H. G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe catalytic networks of methylotrophic organisms, featuring redox enzymes for the activation of one‐carbon moieties, can serve as great inspiration in the development of novel homogeneously catalyzed pathways for the interconversion of C1 molecules at ambient conditions. An imidazolium‐tagged arene–ruthenium complex was identified as an effective functional mimic of the bacterial formaldehyde dismutase, which provides a new and highly selective route for the conversion of formaldehyde to methanol in absence of any external reducing agents. Moreover, secondary amines are reductively methylated by the organometallic dismutase mimic in a redox self‐sufficient manner with formaldehyde acting both as carbon source and reducing agent.
Sequential block bootstrap in a Hilbert space with application to change point analysis
Authors: Sharipov Olimjon , Tewes Johannes , Wendler Martin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA new test for structural changes in functional data is investigated. It is based on Hilbert space theory and critical values are deduced from bootstrap iterations. Thus a new functional central limit theorem for the block bootstrap in a Hilbert space is required. The test can also be used to detect changes in the marginal distribution of random vectors, which is supplemented by a simulation study. Our methods are applied to hydrological data from Germany. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 44: 300–322; 2016 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada
Distinct subcellular localization of alternative splicing variants of EFA6D, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Arf6, in the mouse brain
Authors: Fukaya Masahiro , Ohta Shingo , Hara Yoshinobu , Tamaki Hideaki , Sakagami Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTEFA6D (guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP‐ribosylation factor 6 [Arf6]D) is also known as EFA6R, Psd3, and HCA67. It is the fourth member of the EFA6 family with guanine nucleotide exchange activity for Arf6, a small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) that regulates endosomal trafficking and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. We propose a classification and nomenclature of 10 EFA6D variants deposited in the GenBank database as EFA6D1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1s, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, and 2s based on the combination of N‐terminal and C‐terminal insertions. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the expression of all EFA6D variants except for variants a and d in the adult mouse brain. Immunoblotting analysis with novel variant‐specific antibodies showed the endogenous expression of EFA6D1b, EFA6D1c, and EFA6D1s at the protein level, with the highest expression being EFA6D1s, in the brain. Immunoblotting analysis of forebrain subcellular fractions showed the distinct subcellular distribution of EFA6D1b/c and EFA6D1s. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed distinct but overlapping immunoreactive patterns between EFA6D1b/c and EFA6D1s in the mouse brain. In immunoelectron microscopic analyses of the hippocampal CA3 region, EFA6D1b/c was present predominantly in the mossy fiber axons of dentate granule cells, whereas EFA6D1s was present abundantly in the cell bodies, dendritic shafts, and spines of hippocampal pyramidal cells. These results provide the first anatomical evidence suggesting the functional diversity of EFA6D variants, particularly EFA6D1b/c and EFA6D1s, in neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2531–2552, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sexual lifestyle among young adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Pinhas‐Hamiel Orit , Tisch Efrat , Levek Noa , Ben‐David Rachel Frumkin , Graf‐Bar‐El Chana , Yaron Mariana , Boyko Valentina , Lerner‐Geva Liat 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundSexual lifestyles including sexual activity, problems, satisfaction, and the formation and maintenance of relationships are greatly affected by physical health. Data are limited regarding the sexual lifestyle of adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Fear of hypoglycemic episodes during sexual intercourse and intimacy issues can impact individuals with T1DM. The aim of this study was to assess sexual lifestyles of individuals with T1DM.MethodsFifty‐three patients with T1DM, 27 (51%) males, mean ± SD age 27.9 ± 8.3 years completed the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey‐II and the Sex Practices and Concerns questionnaire.ResultsThirty‐seven (70%) reported they never or almost never had concerns in their sexual lifestyles that were related to their diabetes. None experienced severe hypoglycemia during sex, but 21 (40%) reported occasional mild hypoglycemic events. More than two‐thirds do not take any measures to prevent hypoglycemia before sex (decreasing insulin dose, snacks, and measuring blood glucose levels). Fear of hypoglycemia during sex was reported by 18 (35%); those who reported increased fear experienced mild hypoglycemic events during sex (61.1% vs 26.5%, P = .01), were singles (94.4% vs 64.7%, P = .02), and had higher scores on the Worries subscale of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey‐II (42.8 ± 12.8 vs 34.9 ± 10.5, P = .04) compared with those who did not.ConclusionsAmong young people with T1DM, most do not have concerns regarding sex that are related to their diabetes, and most do not take specific measures before or after sex. One‐third, however, fear of hypoglycemia during sex, mostly singles and those who experienced hypoglycemia in the past. Caregivers should be aware and address these concerns. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detailed description of a prepregnancy care program and its impact on maternal glucose control, weight gain, and dropouts
Authors: Perea Verónica , Orois Aida , Amor Antonio J. , Jansà Marga , Vidal Merce , Gimenez Marga , Conget Ignacio , Vinagre Irene 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and metabolic changes observed during a prepregnancy care (PPC) program.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, observational, cohort study of 104 women with type 1 diabetes initiating a PPC program from 2011 to 2014. The outcomes measured were changes in HbA1c levels, weight and hypoglycemic events during PPC. Risk factors associated with severe hypoglycemia events, achieving the HbA1c target and dropouts were evaluated.ResultsHbA1c decreased from 7.2 ± 0.8% (55.3 ± 8.8 mmol/mol) to 6.7 ± 0.9% (49.8 ± 10.3 mmol/mol) (P < .001) within a median of 14.2 months (interquartile interval 5.4‐23.2); 71.2% obtained HbA1c < 7% (53 mmol/mol). HbA1c at the end of PPC was associated with baseline HbA1c (β = .318, P = .001) and the number of previous pregnancies (β = .224, P = .038), PPC was accompanied by 1.4 ± 4.0 kg weight gain (P = .003) without changes in severe hypoglycemic events. The risk factors for severe hypoglycemia were severe hypoglycemic events during the 2 years before (odds ratio [OR] 11.99, confidence interval 95% 1.89‐75.95) and PPC duration (OR 1.09, 1.03‐1.16). A total of 33 patients (31.7%) dropped out from PPC during follow‐up, with dropout being associated with age (OR 1.17, 1.04‐1.36) and PPC duration (OR 1.06, 1.02‐1.11).ConclusionsOur PPC program was associated with an improvement in glycemic control without a significant increase in severe hypoglycemic events, although with some weight gain. A considerable number of patients dropped out during follow‐up, this being related to older age and a longer duration of the program. This information could be of help to design new and more effective PPC approaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical neighbor effects on mycorrhizal community structure and function
Authors: Moeller Holly V. , Dickie Ian A. , Peltzer Duane A. , Fukami Tadashi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTheory predicts that neighboring communities can shape one another's composition and function, for example, through the exchange of member species. However, empirical tests of the directionality and strength of these effects are rare. We determined the effects of neighboring communities on one another through experimental manipulation of a plant‐fungal model system. We first established distinct ectomycorrhizal fungal communities on Douglas‐fir seedlings that were initially grown in three soil environments. We then transplanted seedlings and mycorrhizal communities in a fully factorial experiment designed to quantify the direction and strength of neighbor effects by focusing on changes in fungal community species composition and implications for seedling growth (a proxy for community function). We found that neighbor effects on the composition and function of adjacent communities follow a dominance hierarchy. Specifically, mycorrhizal communities established from soils collected in Douglas‐fir plantations were both the least sensitive to neighbor effects, and exerted the strongest influence on their neighbors by driving convergence in neighbor community composition and increasing neighbor seedling vigor. These results demonstrate that asymmetric neighbor effects mediated by ecological history can determine both community composition and function.
Toxicokinetics and time-variable toxicity of cadmium in Oppia nitens Koch (Acari: Oribatida)
Authors: Keshavarz Jamshidian Maryam , Verweij Rudo A. , Van Gestel Cornelis A.M. , Van Straalen Nico M. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

The soil-living mite Oppia nitens Koch has recently been proposed as a promising test species for the ecotoxicological risk assessment of contaminated boreal soils. Adding oribatid mites to the assemblage of test species for soil is highly desirable given the enormous diversity and ecological significance of these microarthropods. The authors aimed at revealing how toxicity, lethal body concentration, and bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd) changed over a period of 7 wk when mites were exposed to Cd-spiked natural soils. The estimated median lethal concentration (LC50) values showed a gradual decrease with time, but a steady state was not reached within 7 wk. Estimates for lethal body concentration varied from 44 μg Cd/g to 91 μg Cd/g dry body weight, with a tendency to increase with time. The estimated 50% effective concentration (EC50) for effects on reproduction after 7-wk exposure was 345 μg Cd/g dry soil. Accumulation of Cd in mites was extremely variable but overall showed a nonsaturating increase. A simple 1-compartment toxicokinetic model did not describe the data well. The analysis suggests that O. nitens has a storage-detoxification strategy that is not at equilibrium under chronic exposure. Considering the tiny body size of the animal, it is remarkable that long exposure times are necessary to reveal chronic toxicity. The use of oribatids provides a clear added value to soil risk assessment but trades off with exposure length. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:408–413. © 2016 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Learning‐based subject‐specific estimation of dynamic maps of cortical morphology at missing time points in longitudinal infant studies
Authors: Meng Yu , Li Gang , Gao Yaozong , Lin Weili , Shen Dinggang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLongitudinal neuroimaging analysis of the dynamic brain development in infants has received increasing attention recently. Many studies expect a complete longitudinal dataset in order to accurately chart the brain developmental trajectories. However, in practice, a large portion of subjects in longitudinal studies often have missing data at certain time points, due to various reasons such as the absence of scan or poor image quality. To make better use of these incomplete longitudinal data, in this paper, we propose a novel machine learning‐based method to estimate the subject‐specific, vertex‐wise cortical morphological attributes at the missing time points in longitudinal infant studies. Specifically, we develop a customized regression forest, named dynamically assembled regression forest (DARF), as the core regression tool. DARF ensures the spatial smoothness of the estimated maps for vertex‐wise cortical morphological attributes and also greatly reduces the computational cost. By employing apairwise estimationfollowed by ajoint refinement, our method is able to fully exploit the available information from both subjects with complete scans and subjects with missing scans for estimation of the missing cortical attribute maps. The proposed method has been applied to estimating the dynamic cortical thickness maps at missing time points in an incomplete longitudinal infant dataset, which includes 31 healthy infant subjects, each having up to five time points in the first postnatal year. The experimental results indicate that our proposed framework can accurately estimate the subject‐specific vertex‐wise cortical thickness maps at missing time points, with the average error less than 0.23 mm.Hum Brain Mapp 37:4129–4147, 2016. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early articular cartilage MRI T2 changes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction correlate with later changes in T2 and cartilage thickness
Authors: Williams Ashley , Winalski Carl S. , Chu Constance R. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a known risk factor for future development of osteoarthritis (OA). This human clinical study seeks to determine if early changes to cartilage MRI T2 maps between baseline and 6 months following ACL reconstruction (ACLR) are associated with changes to cartilage T2 and cartilage thickness between baseline and 2 years after ACLR. Changes to T2 texture metrics and T2 mean values in medial knee cartilage of 17 human subjects 6 months after ACLR were compared to 2‐year changes in T2 and in cartilage thickness of the same areas. T2 texture and mean assessments were also compared to that of 11 uninjured controls. In ACLR subjects, six‐month changes in mean T2 correlated to 2‐year changes in mean T2 (R = 0.80, p = 0.0001), and 6‐month changes to T2 texture metrics, but not T2 mean, correlated with 2‐year changes in medial femoral cartilage thickness in 9 of the 20 texture features assessed (R = 0.48–0.72, p ≤ 0.05). Both mean T2 and texture differed (p < 0.05) between ALCR subjects and uninjured controls. Clinical Significance: These results show that short‐term longitudinal evaluation of T2 map and textural changes may provide early warning of cartilage at risk for progressive degeneration after ACL injury and reconstruction. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:699–706, 2017.
Determination of biogenic amines in licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) by ion‐pair extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ata Şevket , Akyüz Mehmet , Çabuk Hasan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIon‐pair extraction combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method has been proposed for the determination of biogenic amines in licorice samples.RESULTSLimit of detection and limit of quantitation for the biogenic amines were 1.4–2.7 and 4.7–9.1 ng mL−1, respectively. Relative standard deviations based on five replicate extraction of 100 ng mL−1 of each biogenic amine were <4.7% for intra‐day and 7.4% for inter‐day precision. The method described in this study has been shown to be in accordance with satisfactory accuracy and good reproducibility for the quantitative determination of biogenic amines in licorice samples. Nine biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, spermine, spermidine, tyramine, tryptamine, agmatine and phenylethylamine) were detected in licorice samples and total biogenic amine concentrations were determined at 369 ng mL−1 in fresh and 3532 ng mL−1 in non‐fresh licorice samples. Putrescine was found at the highest concentrations to be up to 704 ng mL−1 in all the analyzed samples, followed by tyramine (675 ng mL−1) and tryptamine (282 ng mL−1). Putrescine, tyramine and spermine concentrations were dramatically increased, whereas agmatine concentration was significantly decreased, in non‐fresh licorice samples compared to fresh ones.CONCLUSIONThe consumption of freshly prepared licorice is recommended because of the relatively low concentration of total biogenic amines. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Front glass thickness requirements for high resolution polarized stereoscopic displays: A simulation platform
Authors: Rousson Johanna , De Visschere Patrick , Vasiliev Anton , Vetsuypens Arnout , Kimpe Tom 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe tendency of the display market is towards displays with higher resolutions. Therefore, patterned retarder‐based stereoscopic displays require smaller front glass thickness to maintain good vertical viewing angle and limited crosstalk. To properly design these stereoscopic displays and quantify these requirements, we developed a simulation platform to predict radiance, polarization profile, and crosstalk over viewing angles and over wavelengths. Tunable parameters such as the distance between the pixels and the patterned retarder, and the optical properties of the patterned retarder are included. The simulation platform has been validated by comparing outcomes of simulations with measurements. We predict crosstalk accounting for both the human eye field of view and the diameter of the pupil. We found that to obtain a vertical viewing angle of at least ± 30° and crosstalk of at most 0.11 for a display with a pixel pitch beyond 0.27 mm, the display should include black absorbers, and the thickness of the front glass should be at most 0.5 mm. For higher resolution displays (pixel pitch no more than 0.21 mm), a front glass thickness at most 0.15 mm is required to produce a vertical viewing angle beyond ± 14° and a minimum viewing distance of 0.3 m.
Molecular Polarization Potential as a Molecular Descriptor to Predict Biological Activity of Dioxins and Dibenzofurans
Authors: Roset Lurdes , Perez Juan J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMolecular interaction potential (MIP) maps are a powerful tool to develop structure‐activity relationships of a series of compounds. In the present study we have studied the effect of molecular polarization on the description of the toxicity of a series of dioxins and benzofurans using their MIPs. Specifically, we have used principal component analysis in an exploratory way to understand the common structural features that describe the toxicity of these molecules through the analysis of their MIPs and each of their components, i.e.; molecular electrostatic and polarization potentials. Moreover, we have developed a predictive model using PLS that permits to evaluate the toxicity of compounds belonging to any of the families of compounds studied in the present work on the basis of their molecular electrostatic and interaction potentials.