bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, and Lung Tissue Differentially Mitigate Lung and Distal Organ Damage in Experimental Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Authors: Silva Johnatas D. , Lopes-Pacheco Miquéias , Paz Ana H. R. , Cruz Fernanda F. , Melo Elga B. , de Oliveira Milena V. , Xisto Débora G. , Capelozzi Vera L. , Morales Marcelo M. , Pelosi Paolo , Cirne-Lima Elizabeth , Rocco Patricia R. M. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
Mesenchymal stem cells–based therapies have shown promising effects in experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome. Different mesenchymal stem cells sources may result in diverse effects in respiratory diseases; however, there is no information regarding the best source of mesenchymal stem cells to treat pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome. We tested the hypothesis that mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and lung tissue would lead to different beneficial effects on lung and distal organ damage in experimental pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Design:
Animal study and primary cell culture.

Setting:
Laboratory investigation.

Subjects:
Seventy-five Wistar rats.

Interventions:
Wistar rats received saline (control) or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (acute respiratory distress syndrome) intratracheally. On day 2, acute respiratory distress syndrome animals were further randomized to receive saline or bone marrow, adipose tissue, or lung tissue mesenchymal stem cells (1 × 105 cells) IV. Lung mechanics, histology, and protein levels of inflammatory mediators and growth factors were analyzed 5 days after mesenchymal stem cells administration. RAW 264.7 cells (a macrophage cell line) were incubated with lipopolysaccharide followed by coculture or not with bone marrow, adipose tissue, and lung tissue mesenchymal stem cells (105 cells/mL medium).

Measurements and Main Results:
Regardless of mesenchymal stem cells source, cells administration improved lung function and reduced alveolar collapse, tissue cellularity, collagen, and elastic fiber content in lung tissue, as well as decreased apoptotic cell counts in liver. Bone marrow and adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells administration also reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor–α, interleukin-1β, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, transforming growth factor–β, and vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as apoptotic cell counts in lung and kidney, while increasing expression of keratinocyte growth factor in lung tissue. Additionally, mesenchymal stem cells differently modulated the secretion of biomarkers by macrophages depending on their source.

Conclusions:
Mesenchymal stem cells from different sources led to variable responses in lungs and distal organs. Bone marrow and adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells yielded greater beneficial effects than lung tissue mesenchymal stem cells. These findings may be regarded as promising in clinical trials.
Do Moderate Surgical Treatment Delays Influence Survival in Colon Cancer?
Authors: Wanis Kerollos Nashat , Patel Sanjay V.B. , Brackstone Muriel 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:
Studies examining treatment delay and survival after surgical treatment of colon cancer have varied in quality and outcome, with little evidence available regarding the safety of longer surgical treatment wait times.

OBJECTIVE:
Our study examined the effect of surgical treatment wait times on survival for patients with stage I to III colon cancer.

DESIGN:
A subset cohort analysis was performed using data from a prospectively maintained database.

SETTINGS:
The study was conducted at a tertiary referral center.

PATIENTS:
Data on all of the patients undergoing elective surgery for stage I to III colon cancer from 2006 to 2015 were collected from a prospectively maintained clinical and administrative database.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
We examined the impact of prolonged wait time to surgery on disease-free and overall survival. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on a treatment wait time of ≤30 or >30 days and were compared using a Cox proportional hazards model. A subgroup analysis was performed using alternative treatment delay cutoffs of 60 and 90 days.

RESULTS:
There were 908 patients with stage I to III colon cancer treated over the study period, with a median treatment wait time of 38 days (interquartile range, 21–61 days); 368 patients were treated within 30 days, and 540 were treated beyond 30 days from diagnosis. In adjusted multivariate analysis, a treatment delay of >30 days was not associated with decreased disease-free survival (HR = 0.89 (95% CI, 0.61–1.3); p = 0.52) or overall survival (HR = 0.82 (95% CI, 0.63–1.1); p = 0.16). Likewise, subgroup analysis using alternative treatment delay cutoffs of 60 and 90 days did not demonstrate an adverse effect on survival.

LIMITATIONS:
This study was limited by retrospective analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite longer median treatment wait times from diagnosis to surgery, with the majority of patients exceeding 30 days and many experiencing delays of 2 to 3 months, no adverse impact on survival was observed. Patients who require additional consultations or investigations preoperatively may safely have their surgery moderately delayed to minimize their perioperative risk without any evidence that this will compromise treatment outcomes. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A397.
Sacral Nerve Stimulation for Fecal Incontinence: How Long Should the Test Phase Be?
Authors: Lambrescak Elsa , Wyart Vincent , Meurette Guillaume , Faucheron Jean-Luc , Thomas Christian , Atienza Patrick , Lehur Paul-Antoine , Etienney Isabelle 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:
Decision-making for pulse generator implantation for sacral nerve stimulation in the management of fecal incontinence is based on the results of a test phase. Its duration is still a matter of debate.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether an early positive response during the test phase could predict implantation of a permanent sacral nerve pulse generator.

DESIGN:
This was a short-term observational cohort study. A positive response was defined as a >50% decrease of fecal leaks compared with baseline. A multivariate logistic regression was computed to predict pulse generator implantation after the first week of the test phase.

SETTINGS:
The study was conducted in 3 national referral centers.

PATIENTS:
From January 2006 to December 2012, 144 patients with fecal incontinence enrolled in a prospectively maintained database completed a 2- to 3-week bowel diary, at baseline and during test phase.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcome was the clinical decision to implant a pulse generator. The primary predictor was a calculated score including the number of leak episodes, bowel movements, and urgencies and the time to defer defecation expressed in minutes during the first screening test week.

RESULTS:
After the first, second and third week of the test phase, 81 (56%) of 144, 96 (67%) of 144, and 93 (70%) of 131 patients had a positive test. A permanent pulse generator was implanted in 114. Time to defer defecation increased during the 3 weeks of screening. Urgencies were unchanged. The computed score was predictive of a permanent pulse generator implantation (Se = 72.6% (95% CI, 59.8–83.1); Sp = 100% (95% CI, 78.2–100); c-index = 0.86 (95% CI, 0.78–0.94)).

LIMITATIONS:
No cost analysis or projection based on our proposal to reduce the test phase has been made.

CONCLUSIONS:
Permanent pulse generator implantation can be safely proposed early (1-week screening) to fast responders. Nonetheless, permanent implantation may be decided as well in patients exhibiting a delayed response. Whether a rapid response to sacral nerve stimulation could be predictive of a long-term response remains to be determined. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A452.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Low-, Intermediate-, and High-Dose Landiolol and Esmolol During Long-Term Infusion in Healthy Whites
Authors: Krumpl Günther , Ulč Ivan , Trebs Michaela , Kadlecová Pavla , Hodisch Juri , Maurer Gabriele , Husch Bernhard 
Published: November 2017

Abstract:
The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of long-term administration of esmolol and landiolol, a new fast-acting cardioselective β-blocker, were compared for the first time in Caucasian subjects in a prospective clinical trial. Twelve healthy volunteers received landiolol and esmolol by continuous infusion for 24 hours in a randomized crossover study using a dose-escalation regimen. Blood concentrations of drugs and metabolites, heart rate, blood pressure, ECG parameters, and tolerability were observed for 30 hours and compared. Drug blood concentrations and areas under the curve were dose-proportional. The half life of landiolol (4.5 minutes) was significantly shorter than that of esmolol (6.9 minutes). Volume of distribution and total clearance were lower for landiolol. Heart rate reduction was faster and more pronounced with landiolol and retained throughout the administration period; effects on blood pressure were not different. Landiolol turned out to be superior to esmolol with respect to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile and local tolerability.
REDUCED GANGLION CELL VOLUME ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY
Authors: Ramkumar Hema L. , Nguyen Brian , Bartsch Dirk-Uwe , Saunders Luke J. , Muftuoglu Ilkay Kilic , You Qisheng , Freeman William R. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
Geographic atrophy (GA) is the sequelae of macular degeneration. Automated inner retinal analysis using optical coherence tomography is flawed because segmentation software is calibrated for normal eyes. The purpose of this study is to determine whether ganglion cell layer (GCL) volume is reduced in GA using manual analysis.

Methods:
Nineteen eyes with subfoveal GA and 22 controls were selected for morphometric analyses. Heidelberg scanning laser ophthalmoscope optical coherence tomography images of the optic nerve and macula were obtained, and the Viewing Module was used to manually calibrate retinal layer segmentation. Retinal layer volumes in the central 3-mm and surrounding 6-mm diameter were measured. Linear mixed models were used for statistics.

Results:
The GCL volume in the central 3 mm of the macula is less (P = 0.003), and the retinal nerve fiber layer volume is more (P = 0.02) in patients with GA when compared with controls. Ganglion cell layer volume positively correlated with outer nuclear layer volume (P = 0.020).

Conclusion:
The patients with geographic atrophy have a small significant loss of the GCL. Ganglion cell death may precede axonal loss, and increased macular retinal nerve fiber layer volumes are not indicative of GCL volume. Residual ganglion cell stimulation by interneurons may enable vision in patients with GA.
SCLERAL SELF-INDENTATION DURING CHANDELIER-ASSISTED PERIPHERAL VITRECTOMY UNDER AIR FOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Ewais Wael A. , Nossair Ashraf A. , Aly Lamia S. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate incidence of iatrogenic retinal breaks in eyes for whom self-indentation during chandelier-assisted peripheral vitrectomy under air, for primary retinal detachment, had been performed compared with eyes for whom a nonindentation chandelier-assisted peripheral vitrectomy under air had been performed.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study. One hundred and thirty eyes with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were identified. All the patients had undergone a chandelier-assisted peripheral vitrectomy under air. Scleral self-indentation had been used in 68 eyes (study group; indentation), whereas nonindentation had been used in 62 eyes (comparison; nonindentation). Outcome variables included the following: trimming-induced retinal breaks, retinal redetachment rate, final logMAR best-corrected visual acuity, and intraoperative complications.

Results:
The number of eyes with trimming-induced retinal break was statistically less in indentation group than in nonindentation group (0/68 and 3/62 eyes, 0% and 4.8%, respectively) (P = 0.04). Redetachment was observed in one eye (indentation) (1/68) and in three eyes (nonindentation) (3/62) (P = 0.267). There was no statistically significant difference in logMAR best-corrected visual acuity between both groups (P = 0.229). Chandelier repositioning was needed in 22 eyes (indentation) compared with 46 eyes (nonindentation) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Self-indentation, during chandelier-assisted peripheral vitrectomy under air, enables complete trimming of the vitreous base without causing iatrogenic retinal breaks, with a higher retinal reattachment rate, and with less need for chandelier repositioning than with nonindentation approach. By contrast with previous reports, we consider scleral self-indentation as an advantage for chandelier air vitrectomy.
Mechanical Properties of Contact Lens Materials
Authors: Kim Eon , Saha Mou , Ehrmann Klaus 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
To evaluate the mechanical properties of commonly available soft contact lens materials and compare results using custom-built MicroTensometer.

Methods:
The Young modulus, parameters for stress relaxation, and toughness of 18 types of single vision soft contact lenses were measured using custom-built MicroTensometer. Five lenses of each type were soaked in standard phosphate buffered saline and measured at a temperature of 35°C. Each lens was flattened and sliced into a rectangular strip sample using two parallel blades.

Results:
The Acuvue Moist 1-Day and SofLens Daily lenses measured lowest moduli, whereas Air Optix Night & Day Aqua and Premio measured the highest. The measured moduli for silicone hydrogel materials were generally higher compared with the hydrogels except for Dailies AquaComfort Plus. The exponential curve fitted over the decay in stress showed a consistent time constant of approximately 10 sec for most lens types measured. However, the amplitude constant varied from 2.84% for SofLens Daily to 22.39% for Acuvue TruEye 1-Day. The toughness results showed that Dailies AquaComfort Plus is strong but not necessarily tough.

Conclusions:
The mechanical properties of commonly prescribed soft contact lens materials were measured using a dedicated instrument. Its reliability was demonstrated, and modulus results were compared against published data from manufacturers and other research groups. Agreement was generally good, with only a few exceptions exceeding 15% difference. The more recently released silicone hydrogel lens types have reduced modulus, approaching that of medium or high water content hydrogel materials.
Topographic Relationship Between Optic Disc Torsion and ß-Zone Peripapillary Atrophy in the Myopic Eyes of Young Patients With Glaucomatous-appearing Visual Field Defects
Authors: Lee Jiyun , Lee Jong Eun , Kwon Junki , Shin Joong Won , Kook Michael S. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess the topographic correlation between optic disc torsion (ODT) and beta-zone peripapillary atrophy (β-PPA) in young patients with myopia and glaucomatous-appearing visual field defects (VFDs).

Patients and Methods:
We consecutively recruited 110 eyes of 110 young patients with myopia and glaucomatous-appearing VFDs. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thicknesses were measured to compare between the groups with different ODT directions. For evaluating topographic correlation, the direction and degree of ODT and the direction and angles of β-PPA and point of maximum radial extent (PMRE) of β-PPA were measured on fundus photographs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the clinical factors associated with inferior ODT direction. The relationships between torsional degree and clinical variables were evaluated using linear regression analyses.

Results:
Among the 110 eyes, 19 had superior ODT and 91 had inferior ODT. Compared with myopic eyes with superior ODT, those with inferior ODT showed less severity of glaucoma as determined by RNFL or mGCIPL thickness and had a longer axial length, greater amount of optic disc tilt, larger β-PPA angle, and higher ratio of β-PPA area and disc area. ODT direction was significantly associated with the locations of β-PPA and PMRE. Torsional degree was significantly correlated with the β-PPA angle.

Conclusions:
ODT direction showed a significant association with the locations of β-PPA and PMRE of β-PPA. Torsional degree was correlated with the β-PPA angle in the myopic eyes of young patients with glaucomatous-appearing VFDs.
Interleukin 1β inhibition contributes to the antinociceptive effects of voluntary exercise on ischemia/reperfusion-induced hypersensitivity
Authors: Ross Jessica L. , Queme Luis F. , Lamb Jordan E. , Green Kathryn J. , Ford Zachary K. , Jankowski Michael P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Issues of peripheral circulation have been increasingly suggested as an underlying cause of musculoskeletal pain in many conditions, including sickle cell anemia and peripheral vascular disease. We have previously shown in our model of transient ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury of the forelimb that individual group III and IV muscle afferents display altered chemosensitivity and mechanical thresholds 1 day after injury. Functional alterations corresponded to increased evoked and spontaneous pain-related behaviors and decreased muscle strength and voluntary activity—all actions that echo clinical symptoms of ischemic myalgia. These behavioral and physiological changes appeared to originate in part from the action of increased interleukin 1β (IL1β) in the injured muscles at its upregulated IL1 receptor 1 within the dorsal root ganglion. Here, we describe that two days of voluntary wheel running prior to I/R blocks both injury-induced IL1β enhancement and the subsequent development of ischemic myalgia-like behaviors. Furthermore, the protective effects of 2 days prior exercise on the I/R-evoked increases in pain-related behaviors were also paralleled with systemic injection of the IL1 receptor antagonist during I/R. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist treatment additionally prevented the I/R-induced changes in mechanical and chemical sensitivity of individual primary muscle afferents. Altogether, these data strengthen the evidence that transient I/R injury sensitizes group III and IV muscle afferents via increased IL1β in the muscles to stimulate ischemic myalgia development. Targeting IL1β may, therefore, be an effective treatment strategy for this insidious type of muscle pain.
Tempo-spatial discrimination is lower for noxious stimuli than for innocuous stimuli
Authors: Frahm Ken Steffen , Mørch Carsten Dahl , Andersen Ole Kæseler 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The exteroceptive sensory system is responsible for sensing external stimuli in relation to time and space. The aim of this study was to investigate the tempo-spatial properties of the exteroceptive system using painful laser heat and nonpainful mechanical touch stimulation. Thirteen healthy subjects were stimulated on the volar forearm using 2 paradigms: a continuous stimulation along a line on the skin and a 2-point stimulation. The line stimulations were delivered in both the distal and proximal direction with lengths of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mm. The 2-point stimulations were assessed by simultaneous stimuli at a point-to-point distance ranging from 10 to 100 mm, in steps of 10 mm. The subjects reported the intensity (0-10 numeric rating scale, 3: pain threshold) and either direction (line stimuli) or number of perceived points (2-point stimuli). All mechanical line stimulations were reported correctly, ie, a directional discrimination threshold of less than 25 mm. For painful laser line stimulation, the directional discrimination threshold was 68.5 and 70.2 mm for distally and proximally directed stimuli, respectively. The 2-point discrimination threshold for painful laser stimulation (67.9 mm) was higher than for the mechanical stimulation (34.5 mm). Numeric rating scale increased both with line length and distance between the 2 points (linear mixed model, P < 0.001). The findings indicate that the tempo-spatial acuity of the exteroceptive system is lower for noxious stimuli than for innocuous stimuli. This is possible due to the larger receptive fields of nociceptive neurons and/or less lateral inhibition.
Making Sense of Turmoil: How Women Reconcile Their Emotional Response to Discovery of a Potential Breast Cancer Symptom
Authors: O’Mahony Máirín , Hegarty Josephine , Rooney Vivien M. 
Published: November 2017

Background
Breast cancer continues to be a major public health problem for women. Early detection and treatment are key to improved outcomes. Whereas most women seek help promptly, some postpone seeking help for self-discovered breast symptoms. Investigation of women’s help-seeking behavior and the associated influencing factors on self-discovery of a breast symptom were sought.

Objectives
The aim of this article is to report the qualitative data from women who had self-discovered a breast symptom.

Methods
Women (n = 167) with a self-discovered breast symptom (who were part of a large quantitative correlational study) commented in an open-ended question on their overall experience. Comments were analyzed using Discourse Analysis.

Results
Four linked discourses were identified: (1) “being and remaining normal,” (2) “emotion,” (3) “becoming and being abnormal,” and (4) “rationality.” A sidelined discourse of emotion is drawn on to defer taking action based on rational knowledge.

Conclusion
The tension between discourses “emotion” and “rationality” further informs our understanding of women’s help-seeking behavior following self-discovered symptoms. Findings provide a deeper understanding of the emotional aspects of women’s experience around symptom discovery.

Implications for Practice
Findings will be of benefit to all healthcare professionals involved in assessment and screening of breast changes suggestive of breast cancer. They provide a novel insight into the meaning of breast cancer, its diagnosis and treatment, and how this impacts women’s emotions as they await consultation in a breast clinic.
The Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders and Mental Health Services Utilization by Parents and Relatives Living With Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders in Puerto Rico
Authors: Magallón-Neri Ernesto , Vila Dorilyz , Santiago Katyana , García Pedro , Canino Glorisa 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Knowledge about prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders and mental health services use among parents and relatives of persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is limited, particularly when referring to epidemiologic samples. The current study is based on an island-wide probabilistic multistage cluster sample of adult individuals (N = 3062) living in Puerto Rico. Results showed a significantly higher rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and serious mental illness in parents (n = 34) or relatives (n = 34) of ASD individuals, as compared with the Puerto Rico adult population as a whole. Although not definitive because of the small sample size, the fact that the rates of mental health utilization were similar to the population sample suggests a need for greater attention by health professionals attending children with ASD to the needs for mental health services of both parents and relatives of individuals with ASD.