bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey On Competence and Administration of Supervisory Board Activities in German Stock-Listed Companies
Authors: Michelberger Knut J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAccording to the agency theory (Jensen & Meckling 1976), it is expected that there exists a positive relationship between corporate governance and company performance which is also generally assumed in recent research (Dignam & Galanis 2016). This relationship is investigated in the study performed by the author of this paper. Two different approaches were chosen in parallel: (1) quantitative data analysis, based on financial figures and corporate governance variables, and (2) a survey of supervisory board members of listed German companies. This paper is about the results of structured interviews with 30 supervisory board members. The survey confirms that corporate governance regulations have an important influence on the administration of supervisory board activities and on board competence. Many supervisory board members stated that the German Corporate Governance Codex leads to extended meeting time to fulfil regulatory requirements, more data requirements to identify and estimate risk issues and to rising risk awareness. The interview results converge with the results from the multivariate analysis.
Renewable Energy Efficiency for Regional Development: Case of Belgorod Region
Authors: Pakina Alla , Karnaushenko Anastasia 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The article presents the results of an original research, conducted to evaluate the potential of renewable resources for increasing the sustainability of Belgorod region development. It is one of the most developed regions in Russia with diversified structure of economy. Significant feature of the region’s economy is a lack of domestic energy production and dependence on energy supplies from neighbouring regions. To define the most suitable way to cover the lack of energy and to contribute to the solution of environmental problems, the potential of renewable energy resources, such as solar radiation, wind speed, and biomass energy was estimated. The research was conducted using a variety of sources, such as scientific articles, statistical data, reports of industrial companies and agricultural farms, cartographic materials, space images and materials of own field researches. The most effective way of regional development, which contributes to the decline of energy intensity and environment improvement, is agricultural waste recycling by biogas production. The conclusions on the efficiency of renewable energy sources were based on calculations of GRP energy intensity in cases of traditional and alternative energy systems.
Surfactants in Klodnica River (Katowice, Poland). Part I. Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonates (LAS)
Authors: Ruman Marek , Olkowska Ewa , Drąg-Śmigalska Magdalena , Jankowski Grzegorz , Polkowska Żaneta 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Surfactants are a group of compounds with specific physico-chemical properties and therefore they are used in many spheres of human activity. Surface-active substances undergo various physico-chemical transformations, what enables their migration between different elements of the environment and may lead to its pollution. Selected anionic surfactants were determined in samples of water from the Klodnica river (25 samples) and bottom sediments (25 samples). In most samples the presence of anionic analytes was confirmed. The determined concentration levels were in the range of up to 0.2105±0.0023 mg/dm3 or 0.207±0.010 μg/kg (surface water and bottom sediment samples, respectively). Comparing the concentrations of certain analytes found in liquid and solid environmental samples, it can be noticed that the surfactants containing a shorter alkyl chain in a molecule were present in higher concentrations in liquid samples (hydrophobicity increasing with the increasing length of the chain) and the other way round.
Kinetic and Isotherm Analysis of Cu(II) Adsorption onto Almond Shell (Prunus Dulcis)
Authors: Yildiz Sayiter 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In the work, adsorption of Cu2+ ions onto almond shell were investigated under different operational conditions. Almond shell was used without any pretreatment prior to the tests. The optimum conditions for adsorption of Cu2+ ions through almond shell were determined to be; pH 5.0, temperature 20°C, shaking rate 125 rpm, sorbent dose 0.3 g and initial Cu2+ ion concentration 50 mg/dm3. The equilibrium duration of the system was 60 minutes. The sorption capacities of the sorbents were predicted with the aid of equilibrium and kinetic models. The interactions of peanut shell with metal ions were constituted by SEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD and AFM. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Weber-Morris, Elovich model and Bangham kinetic models were applied to test the experimental data. The Cu+2 ions adsorption onto almond shell was better defined by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, for initial pH. The equilibrium data were evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, D-R and Harkins Jura isotherms. The highest R2 value in isotherm studies was obtained from Langmiur isotherm (R2 = 0.98) for the inlet concentration.
Vertical Migrations in an Alpine Grassland Cambisol after Long-Term Sewage Sludge Application
Authors: Sager Manfred 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Differences between vertical mobilities of nutrient and trace elements within a long-term sludge-treated and an adjacent untreated Alpine grassland cambisol were investigated by column experiments. The site had been intensely fertilized with urban sewage sludge for 10 years of 7.5 Mg/ha annually, whereas an adjacent site had been left untreated. A model column experiment was set up to investigate changes of permeabilities and trace element retentions at 0-20 cm and 20-60 cm layers thereof. Elution was performed with de-ionized water at amounts of expected rainfall at the sampling site (1000 mm), as well as with equal volume of manure after biogas production. Long-term sludge treatment increased organic carbon, formation of ammonium and nitrate, and increased vertical mobility of K, P, S, Cu, and Fe, but also slightly higher (below 10-fold) for Na, Sr, Ba, Ni and V. Additional application of manure was of minor effect, mainly upon nitrate formation, and upon leaching of Fe, Mn as well as Fe/Mn proportion. Prior addition of FeCl2 to the manure in order to increase sulfide precipitation, mainly affected the output of ammonia, but hardly the cations or anions (e.g. P) investigated.
Daniel Stern′s Developmental Psychology and its Relation to Gestalt Psychology
Authors: Galli Anna Arfelli 
Published: April 2017

Summary
Daniel N. Stern’s research on the first years of life offers the view of an active newborn, developing in a continuous dialogue with the Other.
The mother places the infant feelings at the center of her attention. The infant gets in tune with the mother, and learns that she welcomes and understands his inner states. Such attunement is a primary holistic experience, taking place because of the infant innate ability to perceive the “interpersonal happenings” as a unitary Gestalt, emerging “from the theoretically separate experiences of movement, force, time, space and intention”. Large convergence exists between Daniel Stern’s developmental psychology and Gestalt theory: both view the infant development occurring within an inter-subjective matrix, not as a process with phases or stages, but rather as a progressive organization of structures.
“Invariants” in Koffka’s Theory of Constancies in Vision: Highlighting Their Logical Structure and Lasting Value
Authors: Burigana Luigi , Vicovaro Michele 
Published: April 2017

Summary
By introducing the concept of “invariants”, Koffka (1935) endowed perceptual psychology with a flexible theoretical tool, which is suitable for representing vision situations in which a definite part of the stimulus pattern is relevant but not sufficient to determine a corresponding part of the perceived scene. He characterised his “invariance principle” as a principle conclusively breaking free from the “old constancy hypothesis”, which rigidly surmised point-to-point relations between stimulus and perceptual properties. In this paper, we explain the basic terms and assumptions implicit in Koffka’s concept, by representing them in a set-theoretic framework. Then, we highlight various aspects and implications of the concept in terms of answers to six separate questions: forms of invariants, heuristic paths to them, what is invariant in an invariant, roots of conditional indeterminacy, variability vs. indeterminacy, and overcoming of the indeterminacy. Lastly, we illustrate the lasting value and theoretical power of the concept, by showing that Koffka’s insights relating to it do occur in modern perceptual psychology and by highlighting its role in a model of perceptual transparency.
Recharging infiltration of precipitation water through the light soil, in the absence of surface runoff
Authors: Czyżyk Franciszek , Świerkot Zbigniew 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The article presents the value of recharging infiltration of precipitation through the light soil and its distribution over time, based on five-year of lysimetric research. The effect of organic and mineral fertilization on the infiltration was studied. In lysimeters does not occur the phenomenon of surface runoff, and thus, by analogy, the results of the research can be applied to agriculturally used lowland areas with sandy soils. The results showed that the infiltration is very changeable in time. On its value, in addition to precipitation, the greatest influence has evapotranspiration. The largest infiltration occurs in March after the spring thaws (IE = 70-81% monthly precipitation) and the smallest in August (IE = 1.2-15.0% precipitation, depending on the type of fertilizer used and the level of fertilization). The soil fertilization, especially by using organic fertilizer (compost), is a factor, which has significantly influence on reduction of the recharging infiltration. The soil fertilization with compost reduced the infiltration of 7.4-9.0%, and with mineral fertilization of 5.4-7.0% of annual precipitation totals, compared with the infiltration through the soil not fertilized. The average annual index of infiltration was 21.8-25.3% of annual precipitation totals in variant of soil fertilized and 30.7% in case of the soil not fertilized.
Oral Language Assessment from an Ecolinguistic Perspective. An Empirical Investigation of Symbolic Competence
Authors: Vovou Evangelia (Evelyn) 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Although today's educational environments are to a great extend multilingual, large-scale foreign language examinations test heterogeneous groups with homogeneous examination practices, without taking all ecolinguistic parameters into consideration. Trying to minimize this limitation by calibrating examinations to the sociolinguistic and intercultural competence definitions of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), secures to an extend construct validity. However, the question still arises, if “one test fits all”. This paper focuses on oral foreign language assessment discourses, where discursive coconstruction and social nature of performance prevail. Adopting the ecolinguistic approach (Fill, 1996) the paper investigates the notion of symbolic competence (Kramsch & Whiteside, 2008) in the context of oral language examinations. By analyzing oral data the paper seeks to address, how ecolinguistic parameters concur in examination discourses and to what extend this effects the validity of measurement.
English Vocabulary Size in Adults and the Link with Educational Attainment
Authors: Wilson Sarah , Thorne Alex , Stephens Molly , Ryan Jessica , Moore Sarah , Milton James , Brayley Georgia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractModern estimates of English native speaker vocabulary size have concentrated on acquisition in childhood (e.g. Biemiller & Slonim, 2001) and among undergraduates (e.g. Milton & Treffers-Daller, 2013). There seems to be an assumption that vocabulary size is pretty stable in adults and that the estimates for undergraduates are likely to be applicable to the broader population, at least until age related decline begins sometime after the age of about 60 (Burke & MacKay, 1997). The study reported in this paper examines a cross-section of adults aged from 20 to over 60, and from graduate and non-graduate populations. The results suggest that the graduate population has a marginally larger vocabulary size than the non-graduate population and it is speculated that the difference is probably too small, and the vocabulary sizes too large, to drive educational differences. The graduate population also differs from the non-graduate In the graduate population vocabulary size appears to continue to grow with age, but while vocabulary size scores vary in the non-graduate population, the differences noted are not statistically significant after the age of 30.
Register analysis based on corpus evidence: the case of Reports in IELTS
Authors: Melissourgou Maria N. , Frantzi Katerina T. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The IELTS exams attract numerous candidates globally and are considered high-stakes exams due to the impact the results can have on the candidates. The need therefore for goal-oriented guidance is crucial. Unfortunately, this preparation is based on teachers’ intuition on what is common and appropriate. This paper describes the typical lexicogrammatical features of Reports based on objective quantitative evidence. The WriMA (Writing Model Answers) corpus consists of model writings from preparation material. The DataReports sub-corpus used in this study consists of 100 texts, 16.828 tokens and is POS (Parts of Speech) tagged. The extraction of keywords and recurring patterns is combined with an interpretation of their functional role in the specific context. This analysis arms teachers with knowledge of specific words, word classes and combinations used by experienced writers in order to achieve genrespecific trends usually described in vague terms such as impersonal stance or factual language.
Comparison of the current state of non-forest woody vegetation in two contrasted case study areas in Central Europe
Authors: Demková Katarína , Lipský Zdeněk 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV), as a part of green infrastructure, has gained a great deal of attention in recent years. Despite its importance in many productive and non-productive functions, an inventory (collection of quantitative and qualitative data) on a national or even on a local level is not available in many European countries. The main aim of this study is to carry out a comparison of two study areas (lowland and upland) from the perspective of the current state of NFWV. We investigate qualitative attributes of NFWV, its relation to environmental conditions and its spatial pattern. After manual vectorization of orthophotos, qualitative data were collected in the field. Using statistical and landscape-ecological methods, the relation between NFWV and environmental conditions, as well as its spatial pattern were assessed. Substantial differences in character and in the spatial pattern of NFWV were identified between the study areas. NFWV in the upland area has a higher proportion (2.6%) than in lowland study area (1.5%), and it also has a more heterogeneous spatial structure. Statistical analysis points to a significant relation between the NFWV and land cover types in both study areas. A significant relation between NFWV and soil types was identified only in the upland area, however, while an association with potential natural vegetation was found in the lowland study area.
Formation of Fe and Ni substituted LiMn2–XMXO4nanopowders and their crystal and electronic structure and magnetic properties
Authors: Talik E. , Lipińska L. , Guzik A. , Zajdel P. , Michalska M. , Szubka M. , Kądziołka-Gaweł M. , Paul R.L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Pechini sol-gel method was applied to obtain LiMn2–xTxO4(T = Ni, Fe; x = 0.1 to 0.5) nanopowders. Crystal and electronic structures, chemical composition and magnetic properties of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, XPS, SEM/EDX microscopy, prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (PGAA), Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility, respectively. XRD measurements showed that the LiMn2–xNixO4were single phase for x = 0.1 and 0.2. Three samples with higher Ni content contained some addition of a second phase. Analysis of the oxidation state of the dopants by XPS revealed ionic Ni2+and Fe3+. Mössbauer spectroscopy also confirmed 3+ oxidation state of iron and its location in octahedral sites, which excluded the inverse spinel configuration. XPS examinations showed that Mn3+ions dominated in the iron substituted series whereas the Mn4+was dominant in the nickel series.
Bioethics for Biotechnologists: From Dolly to CRISPR
Authors: Caballero-Hernandez D. , Rodríguez-Padilla C. , Lozano-Muñiz S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBioethics, as a discipline, has developed mainly, but not exclusively, around themes of moral importance for the medical practice, such as abortion and euthanasia, a never ending discussion that has been shaped by social mores and influenced by scientific and technological advance. However, in the past 20 years an important shift has been taking place, one where bioethical issues and their discussion are starting to being driven by the so-called emerging biotechnologies, from cloning to genome sequencing and editing. If Bioethics is concerned with human beings, and their interaction with other living beings and the environment, it makes sense for Biotechnology, by definition the use of living systems or organisms to develop products, to become an important, if not the most important, source of bioethical conflicts in modern era and for future society. As Biotechnology keeps expanding and becomes entangled in everyday life, so does the need for ethical competent biotechnologists, with competencies built not only on ethical principles but also on a realistic grasp of the impact these technologies could have on human society and the world we inhabit.
The New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian Idioms and Proverbs
Authors: Bárdosi Vilmos 
Published: April 2017

Abstract After briefly surveying the research carried out in Hungary on the origin of sayings, proverbs and adages, this paper introduces and exemplifies the way the new Hungarian phraseological etymological dictionary has been compiled. It subsequently presents excerpts from the dictionary that will expound on the origin of 1800 set phrases and statistically analyses the linguistic, cultural-historical, historical, literary, ethnographic and intercultural background of the Hungarian set phrases included in the dictionary.
Path Following Control of the Underactuated USV Based On the Improved Line-of-Sight Guidance Algorithm
Authors: Liu Tao , Dong Zaopeng , Du Hongwang , Song Lifei , Mao Yunsheng 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The path following control problem of the underactuated unmanned surface vessel (USV) is studied in this paper. An improved line-of-sight (LOS) guidance algorithm is proposed which can adjust adaptively based on the path following error. The global asymptotically stable path following controller is designed based on the nonlinear backstepping method and the Lyapunov stability theory. Firstly, the USV path following error model is established in the Serret-Frenet (SF) coordinate frame. The path following error in the inertial coordinate frame is transformed into the SF coordinate frame, which is used to define the path following control problem. Secondly, inspired by the traditional LOS guidance algorithm, the longitudinal path following error in the SF coordinate frame is introduced into the improved LOS guidance algorithm. This allows the algorithm to adjust adaptively to the desired path. Thirdly, in order to solve the underactuated problem of the USV path following control system, the tangential velocity of the desired path is designed as a virtual input. The underactuated problem is converted to a virtual fully actuated problem by designing the virtual control law for the tangential velocity. Finally, by combining backstepping design principles and the Lyapunov stability theory, the longitudinal thrust control law and the yaw torque control law are designed for the underactuated USV. Meanwhile, the global asymptotic stability of the path following error is proved. Simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the improved LOS guidance algorithm and the path following controller.
MSIS Image Postioning in Port Areas with the Aid of Comparative Navigation Methods
Authors: Wawrzyniak Natalia , Stateczny Andrzej 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The article presents a method to determine the position of mechanically scanned sonar images by comparing them with the database of simulated synthetic images. The synthetic images are generated from high-density bathymetric data coming from the same fragment of water region, using the ray tracing method. The article discusses the issues related to the choice of the probability function as the method of image comparing which allows to find the correct georeference of the real image. For the correlation method and the logical conjunction method, which are believed to give the best results, detailed studies were performed, including boundary cases. The obtained results of matching are presented in tabular and graphic form.
Corrosion Fatigue Crack Propagation Rate Characteristics for Weldable Ship and Offshore Steels with Regard to the Influence of Loading Frequency and Saltwater Temperature
Authors: Jakubowski Marek 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAfter Vosikovsky (1975), the corrosion fatigue crack growth rate (CFCGR) characteristics have been divided into three regions. The region-III rates are very close to mechanical fatigue crack growth rates. CFCGR formulae, including the long-crack length effect (in region I only), the loading frequency effect (in region II only), and the saltwater temperature effect, have been proposed. It has been assumed that CFCGR is proportional to f-k, where f is the loading frequency and k is a constant. The averaged k-value for all steels of yield stress (YS) below 500 MPa, usually with ferrite-pearlite microstructures, is higher than that for YS > 500 MPa, usually with quenched and tempered microstructures. The temperature effect does not appear in region I below room temperature. In the remaining cases, that is, in region I for elevated temperatures and in region II for both low and elevated temperatures, the CFCGR increases with increasing temperature. Under a potential of -0.8 V, a long-crack-length effect, qualitatively similar to analogous effect for free corrosion conditions, appears.