bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma‐induced pemphigus: a case series of 36 patients
Authors: Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Fatehnejad Mina , Rahbar Ziba , Balighi Kamran , Ghandi Narges , Ghiasi Maryam , Abedini Robabeh , Lajevardi Vahideh , Chams‐Davatchi Cheyda 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBackground and objectivesPemphigus is a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by intraepidermal acantholytic blisters. Isomorphic responses, or Koebner phenomenon (KP), defined as the appearance of typical lesions of a disease following trauma are rarely reported in pemphigus. Our aim was to present patients who developed new pemphigus lesions as a result of skin trauma.Patients and methodsThe medical files of pemphigus patients from the Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, who had a history of trauma before the onset or flare of their disease, between 1999 and 2013 were reviewed.ResultsThirty‐six pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patients had a history of trauma. Thirteen patients developed new‐onset PV and the other 23 had previously been diagnosed with PV. Pemphigus lesions developed most often following major surgeries including abdominal, orthopedic, and chest surgeries as well as dental procedures, blunt physical trauma, and skin surgeries. Moreover, post‐cataract laser surgery, burns, radiation therapy, and physiotherapy were also shown to induce pemphigus. Mean time between trauma and lesions was 4.7 weeks for recurrent PV and 15.0 weeks for new‐onset PV.ConclusionsUnnecessary surgery and blunt trauma should be avoided in pemphigus patients. Furthermore, posttraumatic pemphigus should be suspected in poorly healing surgical wounds and confirmatory biopsies are mandatory.
The use of dermatoscopy in diagnosis and therapy of nonmelanocytic skin cancer
Authors: Deinlein Teresa , Richtig Georg , Schwab Christoph , Scarfi Federica , Arzberger Edith , Wolf Ingrid , Hofmann‐Wellenhof Rainer , Zalaudek Iris 
Published: January 2016

SummaryToday, dermatoscopy is an integral part of every clinical skin examination, as it markedly enhances the early detection of melanocytic and nonmelanocytic skin cancer (NMSC) compared to naked‐eye inspection. Besides its diagnostic use, this noninvasive method is increasingly important in the selection of as well as the response assessment to various therapies used for NMSC, including basal cell carcinoma, actinic keratoses, squamous cell carcinoma, and also rare tumors such as Merkel cell carcinoma, angiosarcoma, or dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Thus, dermatoscopy is a valid tool for the preoperative assessment of tumor margins in basal cell carcinoma, but also for follow‐up of actinic keratoses after topical treatment. The present article presents an overview on the use of dermatoscopy in the diagnosis and therapy of various types of NMSC.
Palmoplantar keratodermas: clinical and genetic aspects
Authors: Has Cristina , Technau‐Hafsi Kristin 
Published: January 2016

SummaryPalmoplantar keratodermas comprise a diverse group of acquired and hereditary disorders marked by excessive thickening of the epidermis of palms and soles. Early onset and positive family history suggest a genetic cause. While hereditary forms of palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) may represent the sole or dominant clinical feature, they may also be associated with other ectodermal defects or extracutaneous manifestations. In recent years, much progress has been made in deciphering the genetic basis of PPK, which has led to the emergence of new disorders and syndromes. The elucidation of disease mechanisms has opened new avenues for specific therapies, increasingly sparking interest in this field. Given the high heterogeneity with respect to clinical features, genetic defects, and disease mechanisms, the classification of PPK is based on various criteria. These include extent of disease manifestations, morphology of palmoplantar skin involvement, inheritance patterns, and molecular pathogenesis. Though not always feasible, the clinical distinction of various PPK entities is based on fine‐tuned criteria or clues. Remarkably, apparently distinct disorders have been shown to be allelic, as they are caused by mutations in the same gene. By contrast, similar clinical pictures may result from mutations in different genes. Because of this complexity, mutation analysis is required to determine the precise type of PPK. The best‐defined entities are described in this review.
Trauma‐induzierter Pemphigus: eine Fallserie von 36 Patienten
Authors: Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Fatehnejad Mina , Rahbar Ziba , Balighi Kamran , Ghandi Narges , Ghiasi Maryam , Abedini Robabeh , Lajevardi Vahideh , Chams‐Davatchi Cheyda 
Published: January 2016

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleUnter dem Begriff Pemphigus wird eine Gruppe von Autoimmunkrankheiten zusammengefasst, die durch intraepidermale akantholytische Blasen gekennzeichnet sind. Der isomorphe Reizeffekt, auch als Köbner‐Phänomen (KP) bezeichnet, ist definiert als das Auftreten typischer Läsionen einer bestehenden Krankheit nach einem Trauma. Dies wird bei Pemphigus selten beobachtet. Unser Ziel war es, Patienten vorzustellen, die infolge einer Hautverletzung neue Pemphigus‐Läsionen entwickelten.Patienten und MethodenEs wurden die Krankenakten von Patienten durchgesehen, die vor dem Ausbruch oder einem Erkrankungsschub ein Trauma erlitten hatten und in den Jahren 1999 bis 2003 am Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center in Behandlung waren.ErgebnisseBei 36 Patienten mit Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) lag in der Anamnese ein Trauma vor. Bei 13 Patienten trat der PV erstmals auf, bei den anderen 23 Patienten war der PV bereits früher diagnostiziert worden. Die Pemphigus‐Läsionen entwickelten sich in den meisten Fällen nach großen Operationen, darunter abdominale, orthopädische und thorakale Eingriffe, sowie nach zahnärztlichen Behandlungen, stumpfen Traumata und nach dermatologischen Operationen. Darüber hinaus lösten auch Laserbehandlungen bei Katarakt‐Operation, Verbrennungen, Strahlentherapie und Physiotherapie einen Pemphigus aus. Die mittlere Zeitspanne zwischen dem Trauma und dem Auftreten der Läsionen betrug 4,7 Wochen bei rezidiviertem PV und 15,0 Wochen bei erstmals ausgebrochenem PV.SchlussfolgerungenBei Pemphigus‐Patienten sollten unnötige Operationen und stumpfe Traumata vermieden werden. Darüber hinaus sollte bei schlecht heilenden Operationswunden an posttraumatischen Pemphigus gedacht werden; Biopsien zur Bestätigung sind obligatorisch.
Effects of eucalypt nutritional quality on the Bog gum‐Victorian metapopulation of Ctenarytaina bipartita and implications for host and range expansion
Authors: STEINBAUER MARTIN J. , FARNIER KEVIN , TAYLOR GARY S. , SALMINEN JUHA‐PEKKA 
Published: January 2016

1. Novel hosts present phytophagous insects with nutritional challenges which can cause host‐associated divergence.2. The performance of the Bog gum‐Victorian metapopulation of Ctenarytaina bipartita Burckhardt et al. (Psylloidea:Aphalaridae), a psyllid whose range is being expanded by tree planting, on five species and genotypes of Eucalyptus endemic to south‐eastern Australia was quantified. Settling of females on two non‐hosts was also tested.3. Female C. bipartita exhibited significant host‐associated plasticity in proctiger length (the body part used for oviposition into apical buds). Psyllids with longer wings and proctigers arose from a primary host. Fecundity varied significantly among hosts and was highest on a novel host. Hosts did not differ significantly in free amino acids (FAAs) but did differ in concentrations of essential amino acids (EAAs). However, nymphs did not differ significantly in EAAs. Surprisingly, fecundity was not related to total FAAs, availability of EAAs or concentrations of EAAs but was related to concentrations of four non‐EAAs. Mean fecundity per host was also positively related to the relative abundance of galloyl groups (associated with hydrolysable tannins).4. Leaf age was more important to settling than eucalypt species; females settled on young leaves but this response was not related to leaf water content.5. Planting the rare Eucalyptus kitsoniana in new habitats will expand the range of Bog gum‐Victorian C. bipartita and provide a bridge for the colonisation of novel eucalypts with buds suitable for oviposition. Host expansion by this metapopulation is not constrained by nutritional quality and may result in morphological divergence.
Ethnic identity, racial discrimination and attenuated psychotic symptoms in an urban population of emerging adults
Authors: Anglin Deidre M. , Lui Florence , Espinosa Adriana , Tikhonov Aleksandr , Ellman Lauren 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimStudies suggest strong ethnic identity generally protects against negative mental health outcomes associated with racial discrimination. In light of evidence suggesting racial discrimination may enhance psychosis risk in racial and ethnic minority (REM) populations, the present study explored the relationship between ethnic identity and attenuated positive psychotic symptoms (APPS) and whether ethnic identity moderates the association between racial discrimination and these symptoms.MethodsA sample of 644 non‐help‐seeking REM emerging adults was administered self‐report inventories for psychosis risk, experiences of discrimination and ethnic identity. Latent class analysis was applied to determine the nature and number of ethnic identity types in this population. The direct association between ethnic identity and APPS and the interaction between ethnic identity and racial discrimination on APPS were determined in linear regression analyses.ResultsResults indicated three ethnic identity classes (very low, moderate to high and very high). Ethnic identity was not directly related to APPS; however, it was related to APPS under racially discriminating conditions. Specifically, participants who experienced discrimination in the moderate to high or very high ethnic identity classes reported fewer symptoms than participants who experienced discrimination in the very low ethnic identity class.ConclusionsStrong ethnic group affiliation and connection may serve a protective function for psychosis risk in racially discriminating environments and contexts among REM young adults. The possible social benefits of strong ethnic identification among REM youth who face racial discrimination should be explored further in clinical high‐risk studies.
Species co‐occurrence and phylogenetic structure of terrestrial vertebrates at regional scales
Authors: Yan Chuan , Xie Yan , Li Xinhai , Holyoak Marcel , Zhang Zhibin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo determine how taxonomic level and spatial scale affect the phylogenetic structure of species assemblages across four classes of terrestrial vertebrates.LocationMainland China.MethodsUsing species distribution data from Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia and Amphibia, including 2153 species from 2105 counties and 1632 species from 295 nature reserves across mainland China, we analysed the phylogenetic structure of co‐occurring species at multiple taxonomic levels (class, order, family and genus) and spatial scales.ResultsWe found that phylogenetic clustering and unstructured patterns were more frequent than phylogenetic overdispersion in all groups. There was a higher frequency of phylogenetic clustering within classes and orders than within families and genera, while spatial scale had little effect on the frequency of phylogenetic clustering. Birds and mammals showed less frequent clustering patterns than amphibians and reptiles.Main conclusionsPhylogenetic clustering in terrestrial vertebrates was predominant over overdispersion at regional scales and higher taxonomic levels. Our results suggest that regional ecological and evolutionary factors, such as environmental filtering and speciation relative to extinction or colonization rates, are important in determining species assemblages of animals.
Global meta‐analysis of the impacts of terrestrial invertebrate invaders on species, communities and ecosystems
Authors: Cameron Erin K. , Vilà Montserrat , Cabeza Mar 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTerrestrial invertebrates comprise a large proportion of alien species world‐wide, yet a quantitative global synthesis of their effects on native species and ecosystems has not been explored. We conducted a meta‐analysis to examine the ecological impacts of terrestrial invertebrate invaders and to test how impacts are modulated by the invader's trophic position, habitat attributes (i.e. insularity and disturbance) and the study methodology (observational versus experimental).LocationGlobal.MethodsWe investigated the effects of terrestrial invertebrate invaders on populations, communities and ecosystems by conducting a random effects meta‐analysis using 112 articles reporting data from 710 field and laboratory studies. The analysis included 16 insect, 11 earthworm, 7 slug and 1 nematode invaders.ResultsOn average, across invaders, the presence of invaders reduced plant fitness (52%), animal diversity (33%) and animal abundance (29%). Leaf litter decomposition was 41% higher in the presence of invaders, while other ecosystem‐level variables such as nutrient cycling were not affected in a consistent direction. Invasive predators and detritivores decreased animal abundance, whereas herbivores and omnivores had limited impacts. Single invaders increased soil nitrogen pools while multiple species did not. Insularity and disturbance did not affect the magnitude of the impacts significantly, mainly because there was a large variation among studies.Main conclusionsOverall, our study indicates that terrestrial invertebrate invaders have significant consistent effects on populations, communities and ecosystems, with islands and disturbed sites not being more prone to impacts. However, effects vary considerably depending on the type of impact being examined and the trophic position of the invader. There is no evidence that invaders cause larger impacts when multiple species of invaders, rather than single invaders, are involved.
Beyond Fortress Europe. Unbounding European Normative Power and the Neighbourhood Policy
Authors: Celata Filippo , Coletti Raffaella 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe article critically scrutinizes the geographical assumptions which pervade most accounts of the European Neighbourhood Policy. Both the policy's proponents and opponents often rely on a too restrictive inside/outside distinction and do not properly acknowledge the peculiar territorialities which ‘EU'rope projects within and beyond its borders. While this limit has at times been perpetrated in scholarly debates on the topic, this article presents a review of recent research which, from different disciplinary backgrounds, converges in proposing more decentered and ‘unbounded’ perspectives for inquiring into EU's approach towards its neighbouring countries. EU external policies are a peculiar assemblage of inclusion and exclusion, cooperation and securitization, approximation and distantiation which cannot be properly captured by metaphors such as that of the “wider Europe” or “fortress Europe”. We discuss recent perspectives about European normative power, external governance and Europeanization, policy transfer and diffusion which show how regionalization and bordering processes are neither contradictory nor divergent but proceed side‐by‐side in an attempt to construct a selective, fragmented and mobile EU external frontier. These perspectives are crucial for renovating our understanding of EU's external relations and the Neighbourhood Policy both theoretically and methodologically, particularly in light of the EU's decreasing leverage and ongoing transformations in ‘EU'rope and its neighbourhood.
Mistimed wheel running interferes with re‐entrainment of circadian Per1 rhythms in the mouse skeletal muscle and lung
Authors: Yamanaka Yujiro , Honma Sato , Honma Ken‐ichi 
Published: January 2016

Previously, we showed the acceleration of re‐entrainment to 8‐h phase‐advanced light/dark cycles (LD) in the circadian Per1 expression rhythms of the mouse lung and skeletal muscle by 3‐h wheel running (WR) at the beginning of shifted dark phase. In the present study, the effects of WR at the end of shifted dark phase were examined on the re‐entrainment in mice. LD was advanced by shortening and was delayed by lengthening the first light period in the phase‐advance and phase‐delay protocol, respectively. Shifted LD was continued for 4 days, which was followed by constant darkness (DD). Per1 expression was measured in the cultured tissues obtained on the first day of DD from mice carrying a bioluminescence reporter of Per1 expression. In the phase‐advance protocol, re‐entrainment was not influenced by WR in any circadian rhythm examined. In the phase‐delay protocol, re‐entrainment of the circadian locomotor rhythm was not affected by WR. However, re‐entrainment of circadian Per1 rhythm was significantly decelerated in the skeletal muscle and lung. These findings indicate that the effects of WR on re‐entrainment depend on the time of day and the peripheral tissues. Mistimed WR interferes with re‐entrainment of circadian rhythms in the lung and skeletal muscle.
SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating of the Kinshozan Quartz Diorite from the Kanto Mountains, Japan: Implications for late Paleozoic granitic activity in Japanese Islands
Authors: Ogasawara Masatsugu , Fukuyama Mayuko , Horie Kenji 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe new result of SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating of the Kinshozan Quartz Diorite from the Kanto Mountains, Japan, provides 281.5 ± 1.8 Ma. The age is 30 m.y. older than the available age of the Kinshozan Quartz Diorite obtained by hornblende K–Ar method. The new U–Pb zircon age represents the time of crystallization of the Kinshozan Quartz Diorite. The hornblende K–Ar age indicates the time that the Kinshozan Quartz Diorite cooled down to 500 °C which is the closure temperature of the systematics. Permian granites are found in small exposures in Japan, and frequently referred to as 250 Ma granites. The Kinshozan Quartz Diorite is considered as a type of the 250 Ma granites, and the age was influential in establishing a model of Paleozoic tectonic evolution for the Japanese Islands. The new age of the Kinshozan Quartz Diorite provides the opportunity to re‐examine the model. The Kinshozan Quartz Diorite and other Permian granites in the south of the Median Tectonic Line of Japan were constituents of the Paleo‐Ryoke Belt. The geochemical characteristics of the granitic rocks in the Paleo‐Ryoke Belt indicated that the granitic rocks were formed in a primitive island arc environment, and the new trace element data also support this interpretation. Examination of the available data and results of the present study suggests the late Paleozoic granitic activity in Japan as follows. At about 310–290 Ma, arc magmatism generated adakitic granites and other granites in the South Kitakami Belt. Quartz diorite and tonalites of primitive characteristic, such as the Kinshozan Quartz Diorite and granites in the Maizuru Belt appear to have been formed at the immature island arc, and accreted to the Japanese Islands at the end of Paleozoic or early Mesozoic era. During 260–240 Ma, granitic activity took place in the Hida and Maizuru Belts as a part of the Asian continent.
Low Incident Light Combined with Partial Waterlogging Impairs Photosynthesis and Imposes a Yield Penalty in Cotton
Authors: Najeeb U. , Bange M. P. , Atwell B. J. , Tan D. K. Y. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThrough field studies, cotton responses to dual stresses – waterlogging and low light (shade) were investigated. The hypothesis was that shade would amplify yield losses in waterlogged (WL) cotton. Either early or late in the reproductive phase, the crop was WL (96 h and 120 h, in 2012–2013 and 2013–2014, respectively) and/or shaded (6 days or 9 days in 2012–2013 and 2013–2014, respectively). Waterlogging at early reproductive phase significantly reduced lint yield (17 % averaged across both years) of cotton, although shade‐induced yield losses (18 %) were only significant in 2013–2014. Shade significantly exacerbated yield losses only when the impact of waterlogging damage was modest (2013–2014). More intense waterlogging impaired lint yield independently of the light levels. Yield reductions in these experiments were the consequence of both accelerated fruit abscission and fewer fruiting nodes produced. Plants had lower leaf nitrogen levels and photosynthetic rates after waterlogging and/or shade treatments and produced fewer fruiting nodes. Although long‐term shade increased specific leaf area (30 %) and leaf N (20 %) immediately following 5 days of waterlogging, it did not restore shoot growth, node formation or lint yield because of suppressed photosynthetic performance (area basis) and carbohydrate supply.
The Effects of Corporate and Country Sustainability Characteristics on The Cost of Debt: An International Investigation
Authors: Hoepner Andreas , Oikonomou Ioannis , Scholtens Bert , Schröder Michael 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between corporate and country sustainability on the cost of bank loans. We look into 470 loan agreements signed between 2005 and 2012 with borrowers based in 28 different countries across the world and operating in all major industries. Our principal findings reveal that country sustainability, relating to both social and environmental frameworks, has a statistically and economically impactful effect on direct financing of economic activity. An increase of one unit in a country's sustainability score is associated with an average decrease in the cost of debt by 64 basis points. Our international analysis shows that the environmental dimension of a country's institutional framework is approximately twice as impactful as the social dimension, when it comes to determining the cost of corporate loans. On the other hand, we find no conclusive evidence that firm‐level sustainability influences the interest rates charged to borrowing firms by banks. Our main findings survive a battery of robustness tests and additional analyses concerning subsamples, alternative sustainability metrics and the effects of financial crisis.
Effects of triclosan on host response and microbial biomarkers during experimental gingivitis
Authors: Pancer Brooke A. , Kott Diana , Sugai James V. , Panagakos Fotinos S. , Braun Thomas M. , Teles Ricardo P. , Giannobile William V. , Kinney Janet S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimThis exploratory randomized, controlled clinical trial sought to evaluate anti‐inflammatory and ‐microbial effects of triclosan during experimental gingivitis as assessed by host response biomarkers and biofilm microbial pathogens.Materials and MethodsThirty participants were randomized to triclosan or control dentifrice groups who ceased homecare for 21 days in an experimental gingivitis (EG) protocol. Plaque and gingival indices and saliva, plaque, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were assessed/collected at days 0, 14, 21 and 35. Levels and proportions of 40 bacterial species from plaque samples were determined using checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. Ten biomarkers associated with inflammation, matrix degradation, and host protection were measured from GCF and saliva and analysed using a multiplex array. Participants were stratified as “high” or “low” responders based on gingival index and GCF biomarkers and bacterial biofilm were combined to generate receiver operating characteristic curves and predict gingivitis susceptibility.ResultsNo differences in mean PI and GI values were observed between groups and non‐significant trends of reduction of host response biomarkers with triclosan treatment. Triclosan significantly reduced levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis during induction of gingivitis.ConclusionsTriclosan reduced microbial levels during gingivitis development (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01799226).