bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
pgRNAFinder: a web-based tool to design distance independent paired-gRNA
Authors: Xiong Yuanyan , Xie Xiaowei , Wang Yanzhi , Ma Wenbing , Liang Puping , Songyang Zhou , Dai Zhiming 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Summary
The CRISPR/Cas System has been shown to be an efficient and accurate genome-editing technique. There exist a number of tools to design the guide RNA sequences and predict potential off-target sites. However, most of the existing computational tools on gRNA design are restricted to small deletions. To address this issue, we present pgRNAFinder, with an easy-to-use web interface, which enables researchers to design single or distance-free paired-gRNA sequences. The web interface of pgRNAFinder contains both gRNA search and scoring system. After users input query sequences, it searches gRNA by 3' protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM), and possible off-targets, and scores the conservation of the deleted sequences rapidly. Filters can be applied to identify high-quality CRISPR sites. PgRNAFinder offers gRNA design functionality for 8 vertebrate genomes. Furthermore, to keep pgRNAFinder open, extensible to any organism, we provide the source package for local use.

Availability and implementation
The pgRNAFinder is freely available at http://songyanglab.sysu.edu.cn/wangwebs/pgRNAFinder/, and the source code and user manual can be obtained from https://github.com/xiexiaowei/pgRNAFinder.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Ebola Virus Ribonucleic Acid Detection in Semen More Than Two Years After Resolution of Acute Ebola Virus Infection
Authors: Fischer William A , Brown Jerry , Wohl David Alain , Loftis Amy James , Tozay Sam , Reeves Edwina , Pewu Korto , Gorvego Galapaki , Quellie Saturday , Cunningham Coleen K , Merenbloom Carson , Napravnik Sonia , Dube Karine , Adjasoo David , Jones Erin , Bonarwolo Korlia , Hoover David 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Among 149 men who survived Ebola virus disease (EVD) and donated semen 260–1016 days after EVD onset, Ebola virus (EBOV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) was detected in 13 (9%). Of 137 men who donated semen 2 years after EVD onset, 11 (8%) had an EBOV RNA-positive specimen. The mechanism underlying the persistence of EBOV RNA in semen is unclear, and it is unclear whether the detection of viral RNA represents the presence of infectious virus.
Evolutionary Developmental Psychology of Children’s Religious Beliefs
Authors: Greenway Tyler S. , Barrett Justin L. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The pancultural presence of religious beliefs suggests that children’s ordinary development may incline them toward such beliefs. Various cognitive processes that mature during this time period may enable and encourage religion. Such processes include the ability to distinguish agents from objects, think about the mental states of other agents, see purpose in the world, and view agents dualistically. The generation and persistence of religious beliefs may also be a product of their violation of certain intuitive ontologies, as such violations are more memorable for younger individuals. The naturalness of religion is discussed, and evolutionary accounts of religion as an adaptation and byproduct are presented.
Psychology of Physical Bravery
Authors: Kugel Uri , Hausman Catherine , Black Laurie , Bongar Bruce 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Research indicates that the presence of physical courage or bravery is linked to increased resilience, decreased PTSD-related symptomatology, and greater feelings of personal competence. Seligman identifies courage as a factor of strength in his positive psychology model, and courage is widely identified as a healing component in clinical psychology. Recent data collected from the Physical Courage Survey (PCS), analyzing acts of physical courage, demographic variables, and personality characteristics indicate that bravery and courage are probably impacted by both nature and nurture. More specifically, individuals who performed acts of heroism and bravery are more likely to be self-confident, be an older child, have a tendency to take risk and seek sensation, be less cautious, be resilient, have a greater sense of humor, be a leader, have a deep sense of empathy for others, and attribute their success on the battlefield to training and modeling of others.
Expanding the role of PAs in the treatment of severe and persistent mental illness
Authors: McCutchen Ben , Patel Sujay , Copeland Dawn 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Patients with severe and persistent mental illness often face limited access to psychiatric and primary care. This exploratory qualitative analysis studied the effect of introducing a PA into a comprehensive outpatient psychiatric team. Early results suggest this model improves the quality and access to primary and psychiatric care.
One PA's experiences in the Netherlands, South Africa, and Australia
Authors: Kerlen Ando , Ballweg Ruth 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
As the PA profession develops internationally, few mechanisms let PAs move from country to country for clinical practice opportunities. The first author of this paper has worked in the civilian health sectors in two countries, the Netherlands and South Africa, and taught PA students in South Africa and Australia. He reports on PA development in each country and reflects on and compares his professional and clinical experiences.
The ICU Is Becoming a Main Battlefield for Severe Maternal Rescue in China: An 8-Year Single-Center Clinical Experience
Authors: Yuqi Liu , Tan Guoliang , Chengming Shang , Xuri Sun 
Published: July 2017

Objectives:
To review the characteristics of and to identify the reasons for severe maternal admissions to the ICU.

Design:
This was an analytical, observational, open, and retrospective study.

Setting:
In our ICU.

Patients:
A total of 487 severe maternal cases were reviewed during the 8-year study period of January 2009 to December 2016.

Intervention:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
A total of 487 severe maternal cases (12.6%) among the 3,867 patients admitted to ICU were reviewed. Of these, 361 patients were admitted for obstetric reasons, mainly pregnancy-induced hypertension (58.7%) and postpartum hemorrhage (36.8%). The remaining 126 patients were admitted for nonobstetric reasons, including cardiac-related disease (31.0%), immune-related disease (24.6%), and sepsis (20.6%). A total of 249 patients experienced combined comorbidities: the most common was a scarred uterus (100 patients; 40.2%), followed by endocrine-related disease (25.3%), immune-related disease (21.3%), and cardiac-related disease (18.1%). Central venous insertion (90.6%) was the most common intervention, followed by arterial catheter insertion (33.7%), mechanical ventilation (11.7%), blood purification (5.7%), and invasive hemodynamic monitoring (3.7%). Nine patients died during the study period, of which the death of four could have been avoided.

Conclusions:
The number of severe maternal cases has increased annually in our ICU. Although obstetric causes remained the most common reason for admission, the nonobstetric causes and basic complications were too complex, dangerous, and beyond the reach of the obstetrician with regard to monitoring and treatment. We call for a multidisciplinary team mainly composed of ICU staff to improve severe maternal outcomes.
Risk Stratification in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Multicenter Observational Study*
Authors: Wong Judith Ju-Ming , Phan Huu Phuc , Phumeetham Suwannee , Ong Jacqueline Soo May , Chor Yek Kee , Qian Suyun , Samransamruajkit Rujipat , Anantasit Nattachai , Gan Chin Seng , Xu Feng , Sultana Rehena , Loh Tsee Foong , Lee Jan Hau 
Published: July 2017

Objectives:
The Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference developed a pediatric specific definition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). In this definition, severity of lung disease is stratified into mild, moderate, and severe groups. We aim to describe the epidemiology of patients with PARDS across Asia and evaluate whether the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference risk stratification accurately predicts outcome in PARDS.

Design:
A multicenter, retrospective, descriptive cohort study.

Setting:
Ten multidisciplinary PICUs in Asia.

Patients:
All mechanically ventilated children meeting the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference criteria for PARDS between 2009 and 2015.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Data on epidemiology, ventilation, adjunct therapies, and clinical outcomes were collected. Patients were followed for 100 days post diagnosis of PARDS. A total of 373 patients were included. There were 89 (23.9%), 149 (39.9%), and 135 (36.2%) patients with mild, moderate, and severe PARDS, respectively. The most common risk factor for PARDS was pneumonia/lower respiratory tract infection (309 [82.8%]). Higher category of severity of PARDS was associated with lower ventilator-free days (22 [17–25], 16 [0–23], 6 [0–19]; p < 0.001 for mild, moderate, and severe, respectively) and PICU free days (19 [11–24], 15 [0–22], 5 [0–20]; p < 0.001 for mild, moderate, and severe, respectively). Overall PICU mortality for PARDS was 113 of 373 (30.3%), and 100-day mortality was 126 of 317 (39.7%). After adjusting for site, presence of comorbidities and severity of illness in the multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model, patients with moderate (hazard ratio, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.03–3.45]; p = 0.039) and severe PARDS (hazard ratio, 3.18 [95% CI, 1.68, 6.02]; p < 0.001) had higher risk of mortality compared with those with mild PARDS.

Conclusions:
Mortality from PARDS is high in Asia. The Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference definition of PARDS is a useful tool for risk stratification.
Outcomes of Patient- and Family-Centered Care Interventions in the ICU: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Goldfarb Michael J. , Bibas Lior , Bartlett Virginia , Jones Heather , Khan Naureen 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
To determine whether patient- and family-centered care interventions in the ICU improve outcomes.

Data Sources:
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library databases from inception until December 1, 2016.

Study Selection:
We included articles involving patient- and family-centered care interventions and quantitative, patient- and family-important outcomes in adult ICUs.

Data Extraction:
We extracted the author, year of publication, study design, population, setting, primary domain investigated, intervention, and outcomes.

Data Synthesis:
There were 46 studies (35 observational pre/post, 11 randomized) included in the analysis. Seventy-eight percent of studies (n = 36) reported one or more positive outcome measures, whereas 22% of studies (n = 10) reported no significant changes in outcome measures. Random-effects meta-analysis of the highest quality randomized studies showed no significant difference in mortality (n = 5 studies; odds ratio = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.95–1.21; p = 0.27; I
2 = 0%), but there was a mean decrease in ICU length of stay by 1.21 days (n = 3 studies; 95% CI, –2.25 to –0.16; p = 0.02; I
2 = 26%). Improvements in ICU costs, family satisfaction, patient experience, medical goal achievement, and patient and family mental health outcomes were also observed with intervention; however, reported outcomes were heterogeneous precluding formal meta-analysis.

Conclusions:
Patient- and family-centered care–focused interventions resulted in decreased ICU length of stay but not mortality. A wide range of interventions were also associated with improvements in many patient- and family-important outcomes. Additional high-quality interventional studies are needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of patient- and family-centered care in the intensive care setting.
Hepatotoxicity After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Melanoma
Authors: Huffman Brandon M. , Kottschade Lisa A. , Kamath Patrick S. , Markovic Svetomir N. 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
To report the clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hepatotoxicity.

Patients and Methods:
In this retrospective observational study, we identified patients with metastatic malignant melanoma seen in consultation and/or treated between March 2011 and March 2016. Hepatotoxicity was assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, v4.0.

Results:
Seventeen patients were identified as having any degree of hepatotoxicity by history (grade 1 to 4). Twelve of 17 were diagnosed after ipilimumab, 3 of 17 were diagnosed after pembrolizumab, and 2 of 17 after ipilimumab combined with nivolumab. Median time from first dose of immune therapy to hepatotoxicity was 52 days. Clinical symptoms were variable: asymptomatic, fatigue, myalgias, headache, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and/or jaundice. Eight patients had concurrent adverse events including colitis, hypophysitis, pneumonitis, and/or rash. Immune therapy was discontinued in all patients except 3. The patients were most commonly treated with systemic corticosteroids such as prednisone. Immunosuppression was discontinued by taper over a median of 42 days; in 3 patients steroids had to be reinitiated based on clinical or laboratory worsening of liver tests. Normalization of liver tests was seen within a median of 31 days of immunosuppression initiation. One patient with grade 4 hepatotoxicity had normalization with the addition of cyclosporine.

Conclusions:
Melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors should be monitored regularly for hepatotoxicity. Treatment with discontinuation of therapy and initiation of corticosteroids is indicated with grade 3 or 4 hepatotoxicity. Cyclosporine may be beneficial in steroid-refractory hepatotoxicity.
The Clinical Functional Impairment Scale Development
Authors: Sandler Adrian , Wright Mary Ellen , Denslow Sheri 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The purpose of the project was to review content validity and assess the span of responses for the newly developed Clinical Functional Impairment Scale (CFIS).

Methods:
A cross-sectional, content validity process using focus groups of developmental, behavioral pediatric clinicians was conducted. After qualitative analysis of the focus group data, adjustments were made in the CFIS based on the recommendations of the content experts. A survey was conducted of clinicians participating in the online Society of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Discussion Board. Clinicians reviewed 2 case studies and used the CFIS to score severity and interval change of predetermined functional impairments. The amount of spread in the answers was assessed by calculating the index of dispersion.

Results:
Qualitative analysis of the focus groups resulted in adjustment to the CFIS to 20 functional impairments, with a 5-point Likert scale of severity and a 7-point Likert scale of interval change. Ninety-four clinicians participated in the survey. The index of dispersion ranged from 0.49 to 0.88. The interval ratings of severity and interval change had lower dispersion ranges.

Conclusion:
The CFIS uses a mutual prioritization by the family and clinician of the child's functional impairments. The study demonstrated that the clinicians' ratings of the case studies were more variable in the initial symptom severity score than their ratings of symptom severity and interval change in symptoms. Further testing of the CFIS is planned using face-to-face clinical encounters and including parent/caregiver ratings of severity and interval change.
Simultaneous Surgical Treatment for Smile Dysfunction and Lagophthalmos Involving a Dual Latissimus Dorsi Flap
Authors: Homma Tsutomu , Okazaki Mutsumi , Tanaka Kentaro , Uemura Noriko 
Published: July 2017

Summary:
Paralytic lagophthalmos and smile dysfunction are serious complications of facial paralysis and various reconstructive procedures have been developed to treat them. Among these procedures, there is no doubt that dynamic procedures are more effective than static ones. The 1-stage simultaneous surgical treatment of these 2 dysfunctions with a dynamic procedure involving a single muscle would be ideal, but no such methods have been reported. In this article, we present a 1-stage method for the simultaneous surgical treatment involving the use of a dual latissimus dorsi muscle flap. In this method, 2 muscle flaps based on the descending and transverse branches of the thoracodorsal vessels are transferred to the face. The descending and transverse branches of the thoracodorsal nerve are sutured to separate branches of the masseteric nerve. Using this method, complete eyelid closure during strong clenching and voluntary smiling during weak clenching without eyelid closure were achieved. Although our method does not result in spontaneous smiling, we believe that it is a good option for some patients with long-standing facial paralysis.
Distraction Osteogenesis for Brachymetatarsia by Using Internal Device
Authors: Kitabata Reina , Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Nagasao Tomohisa , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: July 2017

Summary:
Congenital brachymetatarsia most commonly involves the fourth ray and may be combined with metacarpal shortening. Now, many reports demonstrated the usefulness of distraction osteogenesis for lengthening of the metatarsals by using an external distraction device. In this article, we treated shortening fourth metatarsal by bone lengthening using the internal distraction device. This technique has some advantages over the method of external distraction.
Microfocused Ultrasound with Visualization and Calcium Hydroxylapatite for Improving Skin Laxity and Cellulite Appearance
Authors: Casabona Gabriela , Pereira Gregório 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Age-associated skin laxity contributes to worsening of cellulite appearance. This study evaluated the effects of microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU-V; Ultherapy) in combination with diluted calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA; Radiesse) on cellulite appearance and on neocollagenesis.

Methods:
Twenty women (18–55 years old) with skin laxity and moderate-to-severe cellulite on the buttocks and thighs were retrospectively enrolled. MFU-V was applied using 4 and 7 MHz transducers (25 lines/transducer/site) and immediately followed by subdermal CaHA injection (1 ml/buttock or thigh). Photographs at baseline and 90 days were assessed by 2 independent, blinded evaluators using a 5-item cellulite severity scale. One subject scheduled for thighplasty received treatment with 6 different CaHA dilutions (0.3 ml/5 cm2) followed by MFU-V. Tissue specimens from each dilution site were examined under polarized light microscopy to assess neocollagenesis.

Results:
Both evaluators reported statistically significant improvements compared with baseline for each item on the cellulite severity scale (P < 0.001) with a 4.5-point improvement in mean overall score (P < 0.001) after a single MFU-V/CaHA treatment. At 90 days, histologic analysis showed peak neocollagenesis in samples treated with the 1:1 dilution, whether with CaHA alone or in combination with MFU-V. The highest conversion of collagen type III into collagen type I at month 3 occurred in samples injected with 1:1 and 1:0.6 CaHA dilutions without subsequent MFU-V treatment. Both procedures were well tolerated, and subject satisfaction was high.

Conclusions:
Combination treatment with MFU-V and diluted CaHA is effective for improving skin laxity and the appearance of cellulite on the buttocks and upper thighs.
An Unusual Presentation of an Osteoid Osteoma in the Lunate Bone
Authors: Breitenfeldt Nicole , Liodaki Maria E. , Mailänder Peter , Stang Felix 
Published: July 2017

Summary:
An osteoid osteoma is a rare benign tumor of the carpal bones. It is extremely rarely found in the lunate bone in patients above 30 years of age. We present a case report of a 61-year-old man with an osteoid osteoma of the left wrist, which was masked by degenerative carpal bone disease and a comorbidity of an inflammatory bowel disease. The mainstay of imaging including plain radiographs, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and bone scintigraphy led to the clinical diagnosis of a lunatomalacia. The tumor was removed by coincidence during removal of the diseased lunate bone. Postoperatively, the patient was immediately free of pain and remained free at his 3 months postoperative follow-up.
Lactate serum concentrations during treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues in hepatitis B with or without cirrhosis
Authors: Triantos Christos , Kalafateli Maria , Aggeletopoulou Ioanna , Mandellou Martha , Assimakopoulos Stelios , Tselekouni Paraskevi , Taprantzi Dimitra , Tsiaoussis Giorgos , Vourli Georgia , Anastassiou Evangelos D. , Gogos Charalambos , Labropoulou-Karatza Chrisoula , Thomopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: July 2017

Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical implications of lactate concentrations in patients with hepatitis B with or without cirrhosis during treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues.

Patients and methods
One hundred and seven consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis B and median age 57 (24–85) years were prospectively included. Lactate concentrations were measured at baseline and at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months following the baseline measurements. Eight (n=8, 7.5%) patients received lamivudine, 38 (n=38, 35.5%) patients received tenofovir, 34 (n=34, 31.8%) patients received entecavir, and 27 (n=27, 25.2%) patients received combined therapy.

Results
None of the patients developed lactic acidosis during follow-up [median: 58 (6–155) months]. Overall, no trends of the lactic acid evolution were observed over time; however, there was a nonsignificant increasing trend in patients with cirrhosis up to 24 months of treatment. This increasing trend was significant in female patients with cirrhosis (P=0.016). The age of the patients, the presence of cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma were strongly associated with the survival of all patients. In the group of cirrhotic patients, the only independent prognostic factor that was associated with patients’ survival was the Child–Pugh class.

Conclusion
None of the patients developed lactic acidosis. There is an indication of an increasing trend of lactic acid levels up to 24 months of therapy in female cirrhotic patients.