bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic nose and visible-near infrared spectroscopy in fruit and vegetable monitoring
Authors: Beghi Roberto , Buratti Susanna , Giovenzana Valentina , Benedetti Simona , Guidetti Riccardo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn recent decades, there has been a substantial increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables due to their nutritional properties since they are known as sources of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. Moreover, a substantial growth in fresh-cut fruits and vegetables has been noticed because of their ease to use; in fact changes in human life styles have led consumers to move towards ready-to-eat products. In this context, product quality must be preserved at each step of product handling, processing, and storage, and therefore rapid methods should be available to provide useful information in process management. In this review an overview of the applications of widely used non-destructive techniques, namely, electronic nose and visible/near infrared spectroscopy, for measuring quality of fruits and vegetables is presented. A brief description of spectroscopic and electronic devices and a selection of applications are provided. Future perspectives about the simplification/application of these non-destructive techniques are finally explored.
Financial Risks and the Division of Moral Labour
Authors: Eskelinen Teppo , Mäkinen Jukka 
Published: June 2017

AbstractModern society is characterised by the constant production, commodification, and distribution of risks, which has also become an increasingly important political issue. Given the commodification and the resulting distributability of risks, risks have become an issue of distributive justice instead of mere reason for precautionary concerns. This is particularly pronounced in the case of financial risks. In this article, we analyze how choices related to distributive justice inform the systems of risk distribution. Our main aim is to apply the Rawlsian notion of “division of moral labor” in the context of financial risks. By an analysis of the scope of financial risks, we will show that the libertarian choice of division of moral labour rests on an unnecessarily narrow idea of the scope of the distribution of risks.
Donald Trump und die internationale Handelspolitik
Authors: Klodt Henning 
Published: June 2017

Kurzfassung:Die Abkehr der neuen US-Regierung vom Leitbild des internationalen Freihandels und die Hinwendung zu einer merkantilistisch geprägten Industriepolitik sind unübersehbar. Das wird die Wohlstandsgewinne aus internationalem Handel beeinträchtigen und zwar sowohl in den USA als auch in vielen anderen Ländern. Durch die avisierten Strafzölle werden zudem keine Industriearbeitsplätze in die USA zurückgebracht, sondern gut ausgebaute und sensible internationale Wertschöpfungsnetzwerke zerstört. Die Verlierer werden gerade die Industriearbeiter sein, als deren Anwalt sich Donald Trump geriert. Dennoch sollte die EU darauf verzichten, handelspolitische Vergeltungsmaßnahmen zu ergreifen, und lieber ihre Bemühungen fortsetzen, den Freihandel zu fördern, notfalls auch ohne Beteiligung der USA.
Der Iran nach dem Atom-Deal: Eine bleibende strategische Bedrohung
Authors: Fikenscher Sven-Eric 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung:
Im Blickpunkt dieses Beitrags stehen die Chancen auf einen kooperationsorientierten Wandel der iranischen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik im Zuge des Nukleardeals. Wie die nähere Analyse zeigt, enthält das Abkommen zwar weitgehende Beschränkungen der iranischen Nuklearaktivitäten, kann aber mitnichten eine strategische Neuausrichtung des Irans herbeiführen. Die Ideologie des iranischen Regimes, die Agenda und der Einfluss des Teheraner Sicherheitsapparates sowie die gesamte strategische Orientierung des Landes lassen eine unverminderte Aggressivität gegenüber den Vereinigten Staaten, Israel und einer wachsenden Zahl arabischer Staaten erkennen.
Phenomenon in the Evolution of Voles (Mammalia, Rodentia, Arvicolidae)
Authors: Rekovets L. I. , Kovalchuk O. M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper presents analytical results of the study of adaptatiogenesis within the family Arvicolidae (Mammalia, Rodentia) based of morphological changes of the most functional characters of their masticatory apparatus — dental system — through time. The main directions of the morphological differentiation in parallel evolution of the arvicolid tooth type within the Cricetidae and Arvicolidae during late Miocene and Pliocene were identified and substantiated. It is shown that such unique morphological structure as the arvicolid tooth type has provided a relatively high rate of evolution of voles and a wide range of their adaptive radiation, as well as has determined their taxonomic and ecological diversity. The optimality of the current state of this group and evaluation of evolutionary prospects of Arvicolidae were presented and substantiated here as a phenomenon in their evolution.
A New Species of the Genus Tephritis (Diptera, Tephritidae) with Shining Abdominal Tergites from Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Korneyev S. V. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Tephritis heringinella sp. n. associated with Helichrysum sp. (Asteraceae) in Kyrgyzstan is described. The new species share shiny black abdominal tergites with species of Tephritis corolla-sauterina group and the species currently assigned to Heringina Aczél, differing from the Tephritis corolla-sauterina group by the details of wing pattern and from Heringina spp. also with the aculeus shape. Possible phylogenetic relationships of Tephritis heringinella and Heringina are discussed.
Species of the Family Eimeriidae (Coccidia, Apicomplexa) Parasitic in Cattle at Dairy Farms in Kyiv and Zhytomyr Regions of Ukraine
Authors: Slobodian R. O. , Kychyliuk Yu. V. , Soroka N. M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The results of identification of Eimeria spp. oocysts based on fecal examination of cattle of the first year of life from 7 farms of Zhytomyr and Kyiv regions of Ukraine are presented in article. Nine species of Eimeria, namely, Eimeria zuernii (Rivolta, 1878) Martin, 1909; E. bovis (Zublin, 1908) Fiebiger, 1912; E. ellipsoidalis Becker and Frye, 1929; E. bukidnonensis Tubangui, 1931; E. cylindrica Wilson, 1931; E. canadensis Bruce, 1921; E. auburnensis Christensen and Porter, 1939; E. brasiliensis Torres and Ramos, 1939; E. wyomingensis Huizinga and Winger, 1942 were identified. Species of E. canadensis, E. auburnensis, E. brasiliensis and E. wyomingensis were found in calves for the first time in Ukraine.
Preadaptive Stage for Flight Origin
Authors: Bogdanovich I. A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Bipedalism as a preadaptive stage for bird’s flight is considered. We attribute the formation of full bipedalism in bird ancestors with pelvic limbs transition from segmental to parasagittal position. This transition was fast enough. We can assume that the pectoral limbs freed from the support remained while laterally spaced and gave set of transformations with different degrees of reduction. Thus morphologically “winglike” version of the thoracic limbs could appear. Parasagittal pelvic limbs allowed birds ancestors fast and maneuverable running, while the movements of free and highly movable thoracic limbs (feathered unrelated to flight) provided dynamic stability of the animal. In addition, their fluttering movements facilitate hopping from one branch to another and the descent from the trees. On the bottom branches protobirds could jump with perching just by the pelvic anisodactyl limbs, not by thoracic as had supposed earlier. Active interaction of the primary simple feathers with air as well as its protective function could become an impetus for their transformation into differentiated structures. Unlike gliding (as preadaptive stage for active flight) bipedalism with free feathered forelimbs provides per se parallel development of two autonomous enough locomotor systems of birds (flight and terrestrial locomotion) and extensive adaptive radiation of representatives of the class.
Obesity Accelerates Alzheimer-Related Pathology inAPOE4but notAPOE3Mice
Authors: Moser V. Alexandra , Pike Christian J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) risk is modified by both genetic and environmental risk factors, which are believed to interact to cooperatively modify pathogenesis. Although numerous genetic and environmental risk factors for AD have been identified, relatively little is known about potential gene-environment interactions in regulating disease risk. The strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD is the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE4). An important modifiable risk factor for AD is obesity, which has been shown to increase AD risk in humans and accelerate development of AD-related pathology in rodent models. Potential interactions betweenAPOE4 and obesity are suggested by the literature but have not been thoroughly investigated. In the current study, we evaluated this relationship by studying the effects of diet-induced obesity (DIO) in the EFAD mouse model, which combines familial AD transgenes with humanAPOE3 orAPOE4. Male E3FAD and E4FAD mice were maintained for 12 weeks on either a control diet or a Western diet high in saturated fat and sugars. We observed that metabolic outcomes of DIO were similar in E3FAD and E4FAD mice. Importantly, our data showed a significant interaction between diet andAPOEgenotype on AD-related outcomes in which Western diet was associated with robust increases in amyloid deposits, β-amyloid burden, and glial activation in E4FAD but not in E3FAD mice. These findings demonstrate an important gene-environment interaction in an AD mouse model that suggests that AD risk associated with obesity is strongly influenced byAPOEgenotype.
Murine cytomegalovirus IE3‐dependent transcription is required for DAI/ZBP1‐mediated necroptosis
Authors: Sridharan Haripriya , Ragan Katherine B , Guo Hongyan , Gilley Ryan P , Landsteiner Vanessa J , Kaiser William J , Upton Jason W 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDNA‐dependent activator of interferon regulatory factors/Z‐DNA binding protein 1 (DAI/ZBP1) is a crucial sensor of necroptotic cell death induced by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) in its natural host. Here, we show that viral capsid transport to the nucleus and subsequent viral IE3‐dependent early transcription are required for necroptosis. Necroptosis induction does not depend on input virion DNA or newly synthesized viral DNA. A putative RNA‐binding domain of DAI/ZBP1, Zα2, is required to sense virus and trigger necroptosis. Thus, MCMV IE3‐dependent transcription from the viral genome plays a crucial role in activating DAI/ZBP1‐dependent necroptosis. This implicates RNA transcripts generated by a large double‐stranded DNA virus as a biologically relevant ligand for DAI/ZBP1 during natural viral infection.
Brain Injury and Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mebius Mirthe J. , Kooi Elisabeth M.W. , Bilardo Catherina M. , Bos Arend F. 
Published: June 2017

CONTEXT:
Brain injury during prenatal and preoperative postnatal life might play a major role in neurodevelopmental impairment in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) who require corrective or palliative surgery during infancy. A systematic review of cerebral findings during this period in relation to neurodevelopmental outcome (NDO), however, is lacking.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the association between prenatal and postnatal preoperative cerebral findings and NDO in infants with CHD who require corrective or palliative surgery during infancy.

DATA SOURCES:
PubMed, Embase, reference lists.

STUDY SELECTION:
We conducted 3 different searches for English literature between 2000 and 2016; 1 for prenatal cerebral findings, 1 for postnatal preoperative cerebral findings, and 1 for the association between brain injury and NDO.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two reviewers independently screened sources and extracted data on cerebral findings and neurodevelopmental outcome. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.

RESULTS:
Abnormal cerebral findings are common during the prenatal and postnatal preoperative periods. Prenatally, a delay of cerebral development was most common; postnatally, white matter injury, periventricular leukomalacia, and stroke were frequently observed. Abnormal Doppler measurements, brain immaturity, cerebral oxygenation, and abnormal EEG or amplitude-integrated EEG were all associated with NDO.

LIMITATIONS:
Observational studies, different types of CHD with different pathophysiological effects, and different reference values.

CONCLUSIONS:
Prenatal and postnatal preoperative abnormal cerebral findings might play an important role in neurodevelopmental impairment in infants with CHD. Increased awareness of the vulnerability of the young developing brain of an infant with CHD among caregivers is essential.
Caracterización de las prácticas educativas en la enseñanza de la Medicina
Authors: Vera-Silva Leonor , Calderón-García Alberto 
Published: June 2017

Introducción. Durante la primera fase de la tesis doctoral en educación El Conocimiento Profesional del Profesor de Medicina (CPPM) en sus Prácticas Educativas, en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, se estudiaron las características de las prácticas educativas realizadas por los profesores para la enseñanza de la Medicina y se destacó la escasa investigación sobre el conocimiento profesional de estos; también se recalcó la importancia de estas prácticas para la educación en salud.Objetivo. Identificar las prácticas educativas en la enseñanza de la Medicina y sus componentes.Materiales y métodos. Se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a 15 médicos profesores de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá.Resultados. Las prácticas educativas en medicina se ubican en diferentes espacios académicos y tienen diversas estrategias didácticas como clases magistrales, seminarios investigativos, atención a pacientes, demostración de técnicas de laboratorio y quirúrgicas, casos clínicos y actividades comunitarias.Conclusiones. Los conceptos revisados favorecen la creación de ambientes académicos y la aplicación de modelos pedagógicos apropiados facilitan la comunicación, la cual contribuye en el aprendizaje del estudiante dentro del proceso educativo. De acuerdo con los resultados del estudio, en este campo convergen dos contextos: el universitario y el de la salud.
Anatomical variations of the aortic arch in a sample of Colombian population
Authors: Rojas Manuel , Muete Wilson , Quijano Yobanny 
Published: June 2017

Introducción. El arco aórtico (AA) es el origen de estructuras vasculares que suplen los miembros superiores y el encéfalo. Se han descrito hasta ocho diferentes tipos de distribución con implicaciones clínicas y quirúrgicas.Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de las variaciones anatómicas del AA y establecer los diámetros vasculares de sus ramas emergentes en una muestra de población colombiana.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo analítico transversal mediante disección de 35 plastrones cervicotorácicos obtenidos con muestreo a conveniencia.Resultados. La distribución de los AA resultó muy similar a la reportada en Colombia y otros países, siendo más frecuente el AA Tipo I seguido del AA Tipo II o arco bovino. Los diámetros vasculares arrojaron resultados análogos a otros obtenidos en población colombiana, pero medias evidentemente menores a las reportadas en estudios internacionales.Conclusión. Aunque las frecuencias de los tipos de AA de la población colombiana resultan ser similares a las de otros países, los diámetros vasculares en Colombia son menores.
Evolução do sistema público de saúde no Brasil frente ao estágio atual da prevenção do câncer de colo uterino em mulheres jovens e adolescentes
Authors: Sanches Taís Tovani , Siqueira-Oliveira Thaliany , Moretti Cristina , Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto , Hishinuma Gilberto 
Published: June 2017

O câncer de colo uterino representa um problema de saúde pública em nível mundial, estando em grande parte dos casos relacionado com a infecção pelo papiloma vírus humano. O exame de Papanicolau é ainda o principal instrumento para o rastreamento das lesões precursoras. Contudo no Brasil, tal meio diagnóstico-preventivo é preconizado apenas para mulheres na faixa etária entre os 25 e 64 anos. Desse modo, este trabalho teve por objetivo prover uma revisão/atualização crítica da evolução e princípios do sistema de saúde público brasileiro diante da situação atual da prevenção do câncer de colo uterino em mulheres jovens e adolescentes. Ressalta-se que os problemas de saúde do Brasil passaram do período colonial, marcado pelas doenças pestilenciais, para a atualidade com a emergência de doenças crônicas a exemplo dos cânceres. Além disso, a literatura científica reporta taxas preocupantes para a ocorrência de alterações citopatológicas cérvico-vaginais em mulheres jovens e adolescentes no país defronte a diversos agravos neste contexto. Assim sendo, a gestão da saúde no Brasil necessita de amplos ajustes visando principalmente a inserção de mulheres e adolescentes de 10 a 24 anos nos programas de diagnóstico precoce do câncer de colo uterino.
Características del alcoholismo en mujeres
Authors: Míguez María Del Carmen , Permuy Beatriz 
Published: June 2017

Introducción. Durante décadas, las investigaciones sobre el alcoholismo se hicieron con muestras formadas casi exclusivamente por varones; sin embargo, el creciente interés por las necesidades de las mujeres que presentan esta problemática ha generado un aumento de los estudios sobre las diferencias de género en los trastornos por consumo de alcohol.Objetivo. Obtener una visión actualizada de las características diferenciadoras del alcoholismo en mujeres.Materiales y métodos. Revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos PsycINFO y Medline entre los años 2004 y 2014.Resultados. Los estudios revisados muestran diferencias de género en la edad de inicio del consumo, el curso clínico, los factores de riesgo, la presencia de comorbilidad psicopatológica y la demanda de tratamiento.Conclusiones. Las mujeres presentan una mayor edad de inicio del consumo de alcohol y una historia de consumo más corta hasta que desarrollan problemas. Entre los factores de riesgo de consumo se observa mayor frecuencia de acontecimientos traumáticos —como maltrato y abuso sexual infantil— y convivencia con una pareja alcohólica. Las mujeres con problemas de alcoholismo también presentan mayor prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y ansiedad y menor uso de los servicios asistenciales.
LUBUK LARANGAN: BENTUK PERILAKU EKOLOGIS MASYARAKAT LOKAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA PERIKANAN PERAIRAN UMUM DARATAN (TIPOLOGI SUNGAI)
Authors: Kurniasari Nendah , Yulisti Maharani , Yuliaty Christina 
Published: June 2017

Perilaku ekologis masyarakat di sekitar sungai merupakan sebuah modal mendasar bagi keberlangsungan sumberdaya ikan di kawasan sungai tersebut. Oleh karenanya, makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku ekologis masyarakat lokal dalam memanfaatkan sumberdaya sungai. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tahun 2012 pada masyarakat Nagari Manggilang Kecamatan Pangkalan Koto Baru Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota Sumatera Barat yang menetap di daetah aliran sungai Batang Talagiri dan Batang Manggilang. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif yang menginterpretasikan secara logic hubungan antara faktor-faktor pendorong, implementasi serta implikasi perilaku ekologis tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perilaku ekologis masyarakat Nagari Manggilang dalam memperlakukan sungai didukung oleh beberapa hal yaitu kondisi geografis, pola kepemimpinan, hukum adat, dan sistem mata pencaharian masyarat. Keempat unsur ini turut andil dalam melestarikan perilaku ekologis tersebut. Perilaku ekologis masyakat Manggilang yang terwujud dalam lubuk larangan tidak hanya berimplikasi terhadap perilaku ekologi masyarakat secara kolektif, juga merubah perilaku sosial ekonomi masyarakat ke arah yang lebih produktif dan memiliki nilai moral yang tinggi. Title: Lubuk Larangan: Form of Ecological Behavior of Local Community in The Inland Fisheries Resource Management (River Tipology)Ecological behavior is a potential capital of sustainable resources. This paper aims to study the ecological behavior of local communities in the use of river resources. This study was conducted in 2012 at Nagari Manggilang, Pangkalan Koto Baru, Lima Puluh Kota District, West Sumatera with the objects are the community who settled in the watershed of the Batang Talagiri river and Batang Manggilang river. Data analysed by using descriptive qualitative that interpreted logically the relation among the supportive factors, implementation factors, and the implication of the ecological behavior. The results showed that the ecological behavior of Nagari Manggilang’ residents in treating the river suppoerted by several elements: geography, leadership patterns, customary laws, and livelihood systems. All of these elements contributed to preserve the ecological behavior. This ecological behavior at Nagari Manggilang’ residents that materialized as “Lubuk Larangan” was not only implicated to the ecological behavior of the society, but also changed the social behavior as well as economic behavior towards a more productive society and higher morale values
Patient-Driven Second Opinions in Oncology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hillen Marij A. , Medendorp Niki M. , Daams Joost G. , Smets Ellen M.A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
Although patient-driven second opinions are increasingly sought in oncology, the desirability of this trend remains unknown. Therefore, this systematic review assesses evidence on the motivation for and frequency of requests for second opinions and examines how they evolve and their consequences for oncological practice.

Materials and Methods
Relevant databases were sought using the terms “cancer,” “second opinion,” and “self-initiated.” Included were peer-reviewed articles that reported on patient-initiated second opinions within oncology. Selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed and discussed by two researchers.

Results
Of the 25 included studies, the methodological designs were qualitative (n = 4), mixed (n = 1), or quantitative (n = 20). Study quality was rated high for 10 studies, moderate for eight, and low for seven studies. Reported rates of second opinion seeking ranged from 1%–88%. Higher education was most consistently related to seeking a second opinion. Patients’ primary motivations were a perceived need for certainty or confirmation, a lack of trust, dissatisfaction with communication, and/or a need for more (personalized) information. Reported rates of diagnostic or therapeutic discrepancies between the first and second opinions ranged from 2%–51%.

Discussion
Additional studies are required to further examine the medical, practical, and psychological consequences of second opinions for patients and oncologists. Future studies could compare the potential advantages and disadvantages of second opinion seeking, and might offer guidance to patients and physicians to better facilitate the second opinion process. Some practical recommendations are provided for oncologists to optimally discuss and conduct second opinions with their patients. The Oncologist 2017;22:1197–1211