bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on the potential significance of psammoma bodies in lung adenocarcinoma from a modern perspective
Authors: Miyake Akio , Okudela Koji , Matsumura Mai , Hideaki Mitsui , Arai Hiromasa , Umeda Shigeaki , Yamanaka Shoji , Ishikawa Yoshihiro , Tajiri Michihiko , Ohashi Kenichi 
Published: September 2017

AimsPsammoma bodies are concentrically lamellated microscopic structures made of calcium. They are commonly observed in papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland and serous papillary adenocarcinomas of the ovary, but are also occasionally detected in lung adenocarcinomas. Only one study, published in 1972, has systematically described the significance of psammoma bodies in lung adenocarcinomas. The aim of this study was to update the significance of psammoma bodies in lung adenocarcinomas from a modern perspective.Methods and resultsPsammoma bodies were detected in 7.2% (59/822) of the adenocarcinomas examined, among which the papillary (20.3%, 12/59) and acinar (44.1%, 26/59) histological subtypes, with the feature of a terminal respiratory unit (91.5%, 54/59), were dominant. Malignant potential (cell growth activity measured by Ki67 labelling, lymph node metastasis, and postoperative survival) did not significantly differ between adenocarcinomas with and without psammoma bodies. On the basis of cytogenetic features, adenocarcinomas with psammoma bodies were preferentially affected by tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)‐targetable driver mutations [EGFR (69.8%, 37/53), ALK (13.2%, 7/53), and ROS1 (1.9%, 1/53)]. Multivariate analyses confirmed that psammoma bodies may constitute an independent predictor for these mutations, particularly EGFR and ALK mutations.ConclusionsPsammoma bodies may predict a favourable response of lung adenocarcinomas to TKIs.
Tooth bleaching with low‐temperature plasma lowers surface roughness and Streptococcus mutans adhesion
Authors: Nam S.‐H. , Ok S.‐M. , Kim G.‐C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the structural–morphological changes in enamel surface roughness and Streptococcus mutans adhesion after tooth bleaching using plasma in combination with a low concentration of 15% carbamide peroxide (CP).MethodologySixty pairs of premolars were randomly assigned to the treatment groups (n = 30; buccal surface, groups 1A/2A) or controls (n = 30; palatal surface, Groups 1B/2B). Group 1A received a low concentration of 15% CP and low‐temperature plasma. Premolars in group 1B were placed in phosphate‐buffered saline and served as controls. The buccal surface of Groups 2A was subjected to 15% CP alone, whilst the palatal surface was subsequently immersed in PBS (group 2B). After bleaching, all teeth were soaked for 1 h in artificial saliva at 37 °C. Subsequently, teeth were placed in brain–heart infusion with S. mutans at 37 °C for 24 h. The assessment of the structural–morphological changes was carried out using a biofilm assay, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with the SPSS (SPSS Inc., Version 18.0, Chicago, IL, USA). The Student's t‐test was used to determine whether there was a significant difference in the structural–morphological effects with and without plasma.ResultsSignificantly less S. mutans adhesion was observed in group 1A compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the surface roughness was significantly greater in group 2A compared with the other groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe application of plasma did not result in any structural–morphological and topographic changes in the enamel. The combined bleaching method using plasma and a low concentration of 15% CP was less destructive, particularly with respect to tooth surface changes.
Response of porcine epithelial rests of Malassez to stimulation by interleukin‐6
Authors: Sako R. , Kobayashi F. , Aida N. , Furusawa M. , Muramatsu T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate the proliferation and migration of epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM) after stimulation with IL‐6.MethodologyPorcine‐derived ERM were seeded on Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium, and IL‐6 (100 pg mL−1) was incorporated into the culture medium. The WST‐1 assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation, and absorption was measured at 450 nm. A wound‐healing assay and immunofluorescence assay for integrin α3 were conducted to investigate migration. The Kruskal–Wallis test and the Mann–Whitney U‐test with Bonferroni correction were used to analyse data of WST‐1 and wound‐healing assays.ResultsCell proliferation following the stimulation by IL‐6 increased over time, with a significant increase being observed at 6 h (P < 0.05), but not in a concentration‐dependent manner. Cell proliferation was significantly greater in IL‐6‐treated ERM than in nontreated ERM (P < 0.05). The results of the wound‐healing assay revealed earlier closure in IL‐6‐treated ERM (P < 0.05). In the immunofluorescence assay, integrin α3 was detected at the edge of cell processes adjacent to the wound area. A neutralized antibody abrogated the effects of the IL‐6 stimulation in cell proliferation and migration.ConclusionIL‐6 promoted the proliferation and migration of porcine ERM in vitro.
Influence of indigenous microbiota on experimental toxoplasmosis in conventional and germ‐free mice
Authors: Nascimento Bruna B. , Cartelle Christiane T. , Noviello Maria de L. , Pinheiro Breno V. , de Almeida Vitor Ricardo W. , Souza Danielle da G. , de Vasconcelos Generoso Simone , Cardoso Valbert N. , Martins Flaviano dos S. , Nicoli Jacques R. , Arantes Rosa M. E. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryToxoplasmosis represents one of the most common zoonoses worldwide. Its agent, Toxoplasma gondii, causes a severe innate pro‐inflammatory response. The indigenous intestinal microbiota promotes host animal homoeostasis and may protect the host against pathogens. Germ‐free (GF) animals provide an important tool for the study of interactions between host and microbiota. In this study, we assessed the role of indigenous microorganisms in disease development utilizing a murine toxoplasmosis model, which includes conventional (CV) and GF NIH Swiss mice. CV and GF mice orally inoculated with T. gondii had similar survival curves. However, disease developed differently in the two animal groups. In CV mice, intestinal permeability increased and levels of intestinal pro‐inflammatory cytokines were altered. In GF animals, there were discrete epithelial degenerative changes and mucosal oedema, but the liver and lungs displayed significant lesions. We conclude that, despite similar survival curves, CV animals succumb to an exaggerated inflammatory response, whereas GF mice fail to produce an adequate systemic response.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in a mouse model fed a choline‐deficient, L‐amino acid‐defined, high‐fat diet
Authors: Ikawa‐Yoshida Ayae , Matsuo Saori , Kato Atsuhiko , Ohmori Yusuke , Higashida Atsuko , Kaneko Eiji , Matsumoto Masahiko 
Published: September 2017

SummaryHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer worldwide and represents the outcome of the natural history of chronic liver disease. The growing rates of HCC may be partially attributable to increased numbers of people with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, details of the liver‐specific molecular mechanisms responsible for the NAFLD–NASH–HCC progression remain unclear, and mouse models that can be used to explore the exact factors that influence the progression of NAFLD/NASH to the more chronic stages of liver disease and subsequent HCC are not yet fully established. We have previously reported a choline‐deficient, L‐amino acid‐defined, high‐fat diet (CDAHFD) as a dietary NASH model with rapidly progressive liver fibrosis in mice. The current study in C57BL/6J mice fed CDAHFD provided evidence for the chronic persistence of advanced hepatic fibrosis in NASH and disease progression towards HCC in a period of 36 weeks. When mice fed CDAHFD were switched back to a standard diet, hepatic steatosis was normalized and NAFLD activity score improved, but HCC incidence increased and the phenotype of fibrosis‐associated HCC development was observed. Moreover, when mice continued to be fed CDAHFD for 60 weeks, HCC further developed without severe body weight loss or carcinogenesis in other organs. The autochthonous tumours showed a variety of histological features and architectural patterns including trabecular, pseudoglandular and solid growth. The CDAHFD mouse model might be a useful tool for studying the development of HCC from NAFLD/NASH, and potentially useful for better understanding pathological changes during hepatocarcinogenesis.
Long‐term kidney transplant survival in patients with continent urinary diversion
Authors: Fournier Romain , Codas‐Duarte Ricardo , Daily Theresa , Martin Xavier , Badet Lionel , Fassi‐Fehri Hakim 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo report the long‐term survival of transplanted kidneys in patients with a continent urinary diversion.MethodsBetween January 1987 and July 2015, 16 patients with a median age of 37 years (range 21–63 years) underwent kidney transplantation on a continent urinary diversion. A total of 14 patients presented irreversible dysfunction of the lower urinary tract, and two patients had required radical cystectomy because of bladder cancer. All continent urinary diversions were carried out before the transplantation. There were nine Kock pouches, five Mainz pouches, one Mainz neobladder and one Hautmann neobladder. A total of 11 patients had a previous non‐continent urinary diversion. Of the transplants, 14 came from brain‐dead donors and two from related living donors.ResultsThe median post‐transplantation follow up was 171 months (range 30–298 months). Two patients died, while six patients lost their transplant and resumed hemodialysis. Nine patients (56.2%) were alive with a functional transplant at the end of follow up. The most common allograft complication was acute pyelonephritis, but no graft was lost as a result of urinary diversion complications. The kidney transplant survival rate was 73.3% after 10 years, and 66.6% after 15 years. Among patients who still had a functional transplant at the time of the study, creatinine clearance was >30 mL/min for seven patients and <30 mL/min for two patients.ConclusionsThe present study is the longest series to date of renal transplantation on continent urinary diversions. The long‐term outcome shows that the presence of a continent urinary diversion does not reduce transplant survival.
Integrating high‐throughput screening and sequencing for monoclonal antibody discovery and engineering
Authors: Parola Cristina , Neumeier Daniel , Reddy Sai T. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryMonoclonal antibody discovery and engineering is a field that has traditionally been dominated by high‐throughput screening platforms (e.g. hybridomas and surface display). In recent years the emergence of high‐throughput sequencing has made it possible to obtain large‐scale information on antibody repertoire diversity. Additionally, it has now become more routine to perform high‐throughput sequencing on antibody repertoires to also directly discover antibodies. In this review, we provide an overview of the progress in this field to date and show how high‐throughput screening and sequencing are converging to deliver powerful new workflows for monoclonal antibody discovery and engineering.
Endogenous lipid antigens for invariant natural killer T cells hold the reins in adipose tissue homeostasis
Authors: van Eijkeren Robert J. , Krabbe Olga , Boes Marianne , Schipper Henk S. , Kalkhoven Eric 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe global obesity epidemic and its associated co‐morbidities, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancers, have drawn attention to the pivotal role of adipocytes in health and disease. Besides their ‘classical’ function in energy storage and release, adipocytes interact with adipose‐tissue‐resident immune cells, among which are lipid‐responsive invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. The iNKT cells are activated by lipid antigens presented by antigen‐presenting cells as CD1d/lipid complexes. Upon activation, iNKT cells can rapidly secrete soluble mediators that either promote or oppose inflammation. In lean adipose tissue, iNKT cells elicit a predominantly anti‐inflammatory immune response, whereas obesity is associated with declining iNKT cell numbers. Recent work showed that adipocytes act as non‐professional antigen‐presenting cells for lipid antigens. Here, we discuss endogenous lipid antigen processing and presentation by adipocytes, and speculate on how these lipid antigens, together with ‘environmental factors’ such as tissue/organ environment and co‐stimulatory signals, are able to influence the fate of adipose‐tissue‐resident iNKT cells, and thereby the role of these cells in obesity and its associated pathologies.
Genome‐wide DNA methylation analysis of senescence in repetitively infected memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Authors: Shosaku Jumpei 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe immune system including antigen‐specific CD8 T cells, which are cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), can acquire the potential for more effective elimination of the pathogen at re‐infection. As memory CTLs could exert protective immunity after the next response, we aimed to elucidate the substantial change of repetitively infected memory CTLs. Currently, DNA methylation status in repetitively infected memory CTLs is unknown, so we performed next‐generation sequencing to evaluate methylation status and transcriptional regulation of naive, primary and secondary memory CD8 T cells on the basis of transcription start sites (TSS). Notably, total CpG sites in the entire regions of all genes were significantly unmethylated in primary memory CTLs (young memory CTLs) and even more unmethylated in secondary memory CTLs (old memory CTLs). However, total proximal regions from TSS, which cover transcriptional promoters, were steadily methylated with repeated infections. In contrast, distal regions from TSS, which are the majority of entire regions and include transcriptional enhancers, were extensively unmethylated by infections. In association between transcriptional and methylation changes, accompanied by genes characteristic of the immune response, natural killer cell signature genes, known to be expressed in senescent CD8 T cells, were transcriptionally up‐regulated and unmethylated in young memory CTLs, and more so in old memory CTLs, whereas ribosomal proteins were transcriptionally down‐regulated and methylated in proximal region from the TSS by infections. Our results suggest that epigenetically augmented enhancers and suppressed promoters, which could consequently lead to global decline of transcription and translation, could represent the senescence of memory CTLs.
Mohs micrographic surgery in the elderly: comparison of tumours, surgery and first‐year follow‐up in patients younger and older than 80 years old in REGESMOHS
Authors: Camarero‐Mulas C. , Delgado Jiménez Y. , Sanmartín‐Jiménez O. , Garcés J.R. , Rodríguez‐Prieto M.A. , Alonso‐Alonso T. , Miñano Medrano R. , López‐Estebaranz J.L. , de Eusebio Murillo E. , Redondo P. , Ciudad‐Blanco C. , Toll‐Abelló A. , Artola Igarza J.L. , Allende Markixana I. , Suarez Fernández R. , Alfaro Rubio A. , Alonso Pacheco M.L. , Vázquez‐Veiga H. , de la Cueva Dobao P. , Ruiz‐Salas V. , Vilarrasa Rull E. , Barchino L. , Morales‐Gordillo V. , Ocerin‐Guerra I. , Navarro Tejedor R. , Hueso L. , Mayor Arenal M. , Seoane‐Pose M.J. , Cano‐Martinez N. , Garcia‐Doval I. , Descalzo M.A. ,   on behalf of REGESMOHS (Registro Español de Cirugía de Mohs)
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe elderly population is increasing and more patients in this group undergo Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). The few publications investigating MMS in elderly people conclude that it is a safe procedure; however, these are single‐centre studies without a comparison group.ObjectiveTo compare the characteristics of patients, tumours, MMS and 1‐year follow‐up in patients younger than 80 years, with patients older than 80 years at the time of surgery.MethodsData was analysed from REGESMOHS, a prospective cohort study of patients treated with MMS. The participating centres were 19 Spanish hospitals where at least one MMS is performed per week. Data on characteristics of the patient, tumour and surgery were recorded. Follow‐up data were collected from two visits; the first within 1 month postsurgery and the second within the first year.ResultsFrom July 2013 to October 2016, 2575 patients that underwent MMS were included in the registry. Of them, 1942 (75.4%) were aged <80 years and 633 (24.6%) were ≥80 years old. In the elderly, the tumour size was significantly higher with a higher proportion of squamous cell carcinoma. Regarding surgery, elderly more commonly had tumours with deeper invasion and required a higher number of Mohs surgery stages, leaving larger defects and requiring more time in the operating room. Despite this, the incidence of postoperative complications was the same in both groups (7%) and there were no significant differences in proportion of relapses in the first‐year follow‐up.ConclusionThe risk of short‐term complications and relapses were similar in elderly and younger groups. MMS is a safe procedure in the elderly.
Organophosphate and pyrethroid resistances in the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Iran
Authors: Zibaee I. , Mahmood K. , Esmaeily M. , Bandani A. R. , Kristensen M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrich) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a serious pest of tomato crops worldwide. The intensive use of chemical pesticides to control it has led to the selection of resistant populations. This study investigated the resistance of T. absoluta populations to pyrethroid and the organophosphate insecticides from ten regions of Iran. The resistance ratios at LC50 for chlorpyrifos and diazinon varied among populations from 4.3 to 12 and from 1.4 to 9.0, respectively. The resistance ratios of the pyrethroids cypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin varied from 1.3 to 3.7, 2.7 to 13 and 1.2 to 4.3, respectively. Inclusion of synergists in toxicological bioassays and the variation observed in the activity of esterases, glutathione S‐transferase and cytochrome P450‐dependent monooxygenase suggest the existence of metabolically based resistance. Esterase and P450 biochemical assays were positively correlated with deltamethrin, and cypermethrin tolerance and diazinon tolerance correlated with esterase activity. The genes encoding the organophosphate and pyrethroid target sites acetylcholinesterase (ace1) and sodium channel (kdr) were partly sequenced. The genotyping revealed mutations in high frequencies in all populations leading to an A201S substitution in ace1 and three substitutions in the sodium channel gene L1014F, M918T, T929I. In summary, our results indicate the presence of organophosphate and pyrethroid resistance in Iranian T. absoluta populations with involvement of both detoxification enzymes and target site alterations. Most likely the populations of T. absoluta imported to Iran were resistant upon arrival.
Tick saliva microbiomes isolated from engorged and partially fed adults of Haemaphysalis flava tick females
Authors: He X.‐M. , Cheng T.‐Y. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe tick Haemaphysalis flava is one of the most significant blood‐feeding arthropod parasites and is a vector for numerous human and animal pathogens. However, a comprehensive investigation of the microbial communities found in the saliva of this tick species is lacking. This study used 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing to characterize the compositions of microbiomes present in saliva and whole tick samples isolated from engorged and partially fed adult H. flava females. This revealed that the bacterial diversity present in tick saliva increased after a prolonged blood meal, and that the species diversity found in saliva was significantly higher than that of whole ticks. Three bacteria phyla, in particular, made up more than 80% of the microbial community across all samples—Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Furthermore, some of the genera identified in this study had not previously been reported in ticks before, such as Facklamia, Vagococcus, Ruminococcus, Lachnospira, Bradyrhizobium, Peptostreptococcus, Jeotgalicoccus, Roseburia, Brachybacterium, Sporosarcina, u114, Megamonas and Dechloromonas. Finally, we found that many of the isolated bacteria were opportunistic pathogens, indicating a potential risk to humans and livestock exposed to H. flava. These results will contribute to fully understanding the transmission of tick‐borne pathogens.
Lethal and sublethal effects of long‐lasting insecticide‐treated nets on the invasive bug Halyomorpha halys
Authors: Sabbatini Peverieri G. , Binazzi F. , Marianelli L. , Roversi P. F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHalyomorpha halys is a polyphagous insect species with an original eastern Asiatic distribution, which was recently and accidentally introduced in the USA and Europe, where it became a serious agricultural pest. Chemicals have been widely used for its control leading often to failure of IPM programmes. Several approaches aimed at pest monitoring and control are currently under investigation, for example trapping, screening, border management and biological control. In the present work, we investigated the lethal and sublethal effects of the use of a long‐lasting insecticide‐treated net (LLIN with α‐cypermethrin), focusing on the perspective to control H. halys in an integrated approach. All experiments were carried out in the laboratory either in small arenas, at five exposure times (5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min) or in large cages at 8 hr exposure. In small arenas, the LLIN induced sublethal effects and/or effectively killed the adults. A higher adult mortality was observed after longer exposure times (LT90 was 51.64 min for females and 40.83 min for males). However, several specimens recovered from sublethal effects, with higher recovery rates after shorter exposure times. In the cage experiments, a significantly higher mortality (65% males and 75% of females) was recorded compared with controls. LLINs are physical barriers that can improve crop protection due to their insecticidal activity, and can be reasonably applied in various attract‐and‐kill systems both in glasshouses and in the field.