bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social annotation and dialogic teaching and learning in English language arts
Authors: Allred Johnny B. , Connors Sean P. , Goering Christian Z. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis research study explores the role of social annotation in supporting dialogic teaching in secondary English language arts. Grounded in Bakhtin's dialogism and building upon research into online discussion, this study describes how a high school English teacher and her students used a digital annotation tool to read and talk about texts. Analyzing student annotations based on discourse features associated with comprehension and high‐level thinking, the study examines the extent to which social annotation supports quality dialogue. Findings highlight the need for open‐ended prompts and teacher scaffolding of online discussions, and authors suggest that dialogue enhances comprehension of texts when students go beyond reporting on others' thoughts and instead share their own ideas, connections, and questions about the text.
Collectivism–Individualism Makes the Relationships Between Digital Games Use and Creativity Different
Authors: Ding Jinqi , Shi Yuxin , Yu Quanlei , Sun Suping , Liu Han , Zhou Wanjun , Zhao Wenhui , Zhao Qingbai , Jiang Suo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWith the increasing popularity of the Internet, there is significant interest among academics and the public in understanding the relationship between the Internet and individual development. However, the association between digital games use and creativity has been a topic of controversy, as highlighted in previous research. This study aimed to investigate the potential moderating effect of cultural backgrounds on the relationship between digital games use and creativity. To examine this hypothesis, a meta‐analysis of 11 papers (51 effect values) was conducted. The findings revealed digital games use was significantly correlated with originality and elaboration, rather than fluency and flexibility. Moreover, the relationship between digital games use and originality was found to be moderated by cultural collectivism–individualism. Specifically, as the level of individualistic culture increased, the strength of the correlation between digital games use and originality gradually diminished. No such moderating effect was observed for other dimensions of creativity. These results hold important theoretical implications for understanding the impact of digital games use on individual cognitive development. Additionally, they provide practical insights for offering sensitive recommendations on how to effectively harness the positive effects of digital games.
Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Creativity from Life History Theory
Authors: Sun Suping , Yu Quanlei , Ding Jinqi , Shi Yuxin , Zhou Wanjun , Liu Han , Zhao Qingbai , Dang Junhua 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTFrom the perspective of survival adaption, adverse childhood experiences may promote creativity, and this effect would be enhanced by external threat. This study adopted three approaches to explore the impact of childhood harshness and unpredictability on creativity. By using a historiometric approach to investigate the adverse childhood experiences among eminent psychologists in 20tth century, Study 1 found that the proportion experiencing childhood adversity was significantly higher than the proportion who did not, especially in the group experiencing an external threat. Study 2 measured college students' early childhood experiences and creative thinking in a threatening circumstance (COVID‐19 pandemic), which showed that childhood harshness was significantly correlated with the originality of creative thinking. Study 3 explored the moderating role of threat through experimental manipulation. Results showed that childhood harshness predicted originality only in the threatening condition but not in the control condition. These results have theoretical significance for understanding individual creative development.
Rheological Equivalent Circuit Model Using Electrochemical Impedance Analysis
Authors: Choi Hwan Woo , Song Young Seok 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a rheological equivalent circuit model inspired by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to analyze complex viscosity data. By exploiting the similarity between the Cole–Cole plot in rheology and the Nyquist plot in EIS, the study adopts circuit fitting methodologies to interpret rheological behavior of various polymers. The model employs redefined electrochemical elements, including dashpots, springs, rheological constant phase elements, and Warburg elements, to capture both linear and non‐linear responses. This approach offers both analytical and predictive capabilities, providing new insights into material composition.
Utilizing almond shell filler to improve strength and sustainability of jute fiber composites
Authors: Çetin Ahmet 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent years, natural fibers have begun to replace synthetic fibers in automotive, building, and marine applications because of their sustainability, renewability, low cost, and availability of raw materials. However, because of their low strength, biocomposites are strengthened by hybridization with stronger synthetic fibers or adding fillers. This study reinforced high‐cellulose jute fiber composites with cellulose‐based almond (Prunus amygdalus) shell filler (ASF). Natural waste almond shells were ground to microparticle size. Hybrid composites were prepared by adding microparticulate ASF to the jute fiber composites at 0%, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, and 6% by weight. A comprehensive experimental study included tensile, flexural, Charpy impact (flat and edgewise), and shear tests. The addition of ASF significantly improved the mechanical properties of the jute fiber composites, and the best values were obtained with 3 wt.% ASF addition. Tensile, flexural, impact, and shear properties increased by 48.2%, 63.5%, 24.4%, and 52.2%, respectively. Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs used in morphological structural analysis prove that the high mechanical values are achieved by ASF strengthening the interlaminar adhesion. This study contributed to developing a hybrid natural composite material reinforced with natural fillers that is stronger, environmentally friendly, and sustainable.Highlights
The organic structure of Almond Shell Filler (ASF) ensured the sustainability of natural composites.
Cellulosic ASF significantly contributed to the structural stiffness and strength of jute fiber composites.
ASF reduced voids, improved fiber‐matrix bonding, and prevented debonding and delamination.
ASF optimized the mechanical performance of jute fiber composites at 3%.
Multiscale shear failure mechanisms within a prestrained composite
Authors: Zhao Chenmin , Wang Bing , Guan Chenglong , Jiang Shihan , Zhong Jianfeng , Zhong Shuncong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe elastic fiber prestressing (EFP) technique has been developed to balance the thermal residual stress generated during curing of a polymeric composite, where continuous fibers were prestretched under either constant stress or constant strain throughout the curing process. The tension was only removed after the resin was fully cured. It has been demonstrated that EFP is able to enhance the shear properties of the composite, while the underlying mechanics is still unknown. Here, we investigated the multiscale shear failure mechanisms induced by the EFP within a carbon composite. A bespoke biaxial fiber prestressing rig was developed to apply biaxial tension to a plain‐weave carbon prepreg, where the constant strain‐based EFP method was employed to produce prestrained composites with different prestrain levels. Effects of EFP on macro‐scale shear failure were subsequently characterized through mechanical tests and micro‐morphological analysis. Both the micro‐ and meso‐scale representative volume element (RVE) finite element models were established and experimentally verified. These were then employed to reveal the underlying stress evolution mechanics induced by EFP. It is found that EFP would improve the shear performance of a composite by enhancing the fiber/matrix interfacial bonding strength. This attributes to the elastic strain recoveries of the prestrained fibers locked within a polymeric composite, which generate compressive stresses to counterbalance the external loading. The multiscale shear failure mechanisms were then proposed. These findings are expected to facilitate structural design and application of the EFP for aerospace composites.Highlights
Biaxial tension is applied to produce prestrained woven composite.
Prestrain effects on microstructural stress evolution mechanics are revealed.
Multiscale shear failure mechanisms are proposed for prestrained composites.
Category Theory for Aristotelian Diagrams: The Debate on Singular Propositions
Authors: De Klerck Alexander , Vignero Leander , Demey Lorenz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe theoretical study of Aristotelian diagrams is at an all-time high since the conception of logical geometry. This framework studies Aristotelian diagrams in a systematic way, revealing many links with contemporary mathematics (esp. algebra). Most recently, this has led to the introduction of several notions of morphism between Aristotelian diagrams, which we are studying in the context of category theory. This is not merely a mathematical enterprise, but also carries major philosophical importance. As a proof of concept of this claim, we investigate the historically rich discussion on the status of singular propositions. It has been debated for centuries whether these should be viewed as a special kind of universal propositions or particular propositions, or as a third, completely separate kind. Interpreting each of these views as a morphism in one of our categories, we obtain a clean picture of the entire discussion in a single image. Additionally, we apply the machinery from category theory (in casu, the notion of equalizer) to make some interesting comparative observations regarding the three views on singular propositions.
Can Euler Diagrams Improve Syllogistic Reasoning in Large Language Models?
Authors: Ando Risako , Ozeki Kentaro , Morishita Takanobu , Abe Hirohiko , Mineshima Koji , Okada Mitsuhiro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent years, research on large language models (LLMs) has been advancing rapidly, making the evaluation of their reasoning abilities a crucial issue. Within cognitive science, there has been extensive research on human reasoning biases. It is widely observed that humans often use graphical representations as auxiliary tools during inference processes to avoid reasoning biases. However, currently, the evaluation of LLMs’ reasoning abilities has largely focused on linguistic inferences, with insufficient attention given to inferences using diagrams. In this study, we concentrate on syllogisms, a basic form of logical reasoning, and evaluate the reasoning abilities of LLMs supplemented by Euler diagrams. We systematically investigate how accurately LLMs can perform logical reasoning when using diagrams as auxiliary input and whether they exhibit similar reasoning biases to those of humans. Our findings indicate that, overall, providing diagrams as auxiliary input tends to improve models’ performance, including in problems that show reasoning biases, but the effect varies depending on the conditions, and the improvement in accuracy is not as high as that seen in humans. We present results from experiments conducted under multiple conditions, including a Chain-of-Thought setting, to highlight where there is room to improve logical diagrammatic reasoning abilities of LLMs.
Building a Large Dataset of Human-Generated Captions for Science Diagrams
Authors: Sato Yuri , Suzuki Ayaka , Mineshima Koji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHuman-generated captions for photographs, particularly snapshots, have been extensively collected in recent AI research. They play a crucial role in the development of systems capable of multimodal information processing that combines vision and language. Recognizing that diagrams may serve a distinct function in thinking and communication compared to photographs, we shifted our focus from snapshot photographs to diagrams. We provided humans with text-free diagrams and collected data on the captions they generated. The diagrams were sourced from AI2D-RST, a subset of AI2D. This subset annotates the AI2D image dataset of diagrams from elementary school science textbooks with types of diagrams. We mosaicked all textual elements within the diagram images to ensure that human annotators focused solely on the diagram’s visual content when writing a sentence about what the image expresses. For the 831 images in our dataset, we obtained caption data from at least three individuals per image. To the best of our knowledge, this dataset is the first collection of caption data specifically for diagrams.
KIELER: A Text-First Framework for Automatic Diagramming of Complex Systems
Authors: Kasperowski Maximilian , Rentz Niklas , Domrös Sören , von Hanxleden Reinhard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn Model-Driven Engineering, editing models is typically not merely a purely textual endeavor, but rather a mix between textual and graphical editors and views. Both have their advantages and use cases where either textual or diagrammatic representations are better suited to edit and understand models. Therefore, a modeling framework offering the best of both worlds can be advantageous.We define the text-first approach to combine the textual and diagrammatic representations by automatically synthesizing the textual model into a diagram. We present the KIELER text-first diagramming framework and its take on current challenges for model visualization and compare it to the diagram-first approach, as exemplified by the GLSP framework.
Domain-Specific Rules Override Aesthetic Graph Drawing Criteria: An Exploration of User-Generated Diagrams
Authors: Helmke Stefan , Doğan Kerem , Scheffler Robert , Wrobel Gregor 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of domain-specific rules on classical aesthetic graph drawing criteria. In the field of graph drawing, several aesthetic criteria are understood to improve the comprehensibility of graphs. Domain experts consider the technical implementation in the real world resulting in domain-specific rules for graph drawing, and some of these rules contradict general aesthetic criteria. Experts and novices drew graphs from scratch in two controlled experiments. In the first experiment, the participants modeled a fictional social scenario with graphs. In the second experiment, the diagrams represented digital twins of energy systems. The experiment analysis shows that some classical criteria like reducing crossings are less relevant for domain experts while others, like minimizing bends, are still important.
Generating Qualitative Descriptions of Diagrams with a Transformer-Based Language Model
Authors: Schorlemmer Marco , Ballout Mohamad , Kühnberger Kai-Uwe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo address the task of diagram understanding we propose to distinguish between the perception of the geometric configuration of a diagram from the assignment of meaning to the geometric entities and their topological relationships. As a consequence, diagram parsing does not need to assume any particular a priori interpretations of diagrams and their constituents. Focussing on Euler diagrams, we tackle the first of these subtasks—that of identifying the geometric entities that constitute a diagram (i.e., circles, rectangles, lines, arrows, etc.) and their topological relations—as an image captioning task, using a Vision Transformer for image recognition combined with language model GPT-2 to generate qualitative spatial descriptions of Euler diagrams with an encoder-decoder model. Due to the lack of sufficient high-quality data to train the pre-trained language model for this task, we describe how we generated a synthetic dataset of Euler diagrams annotated with qualitative spatial representations based on the Region Connection Calculus (RCC8). Results showed over 95% accuracy of the transformer-based language model in the generation of meaning-carrying RCC8 specifications for given Euler diagrams.
Stem Life: A Framework for Understanding the Prebiotic-Biotic Transition
Authors: Fournier Gregory P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAbiogenesis is frequently envisioned as a linear, ladder-like progression of increasingly complex chemical systems, eventually leading to the ancestors of extant cellular life. This “pre-cladistics” view is in stark contrast to the well-accepted principles of organismal evolutionary biology, as informed by paleontology and phylogenetics. Applying this perspective to origins, I explore the paradigm of “Stem Life,” which embeds abiogenesis within a broader continuity of diversification and extinction of both hereditary lineages and chemical systems. In this new paradigm, extant life’s ancestral lineage emerged alongside and was dependent upon many other complex prebiotic chemical systems, as part of a diverse and fecund prebiosphere. Drawing from several natural history analogies, I show how this shift in perspective enriches our understanding of Origins and directly informs debates on defining Life, the emergence of the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA), and the implications of prebiotic chemical experiments.
Reducing energy consumption in musculoskeletal MRI using shorter scan protocols, optimized magnet cooling patterns, and deep learning sequences
Authors: Afat Saif , Wohlers Julian , Herrmann Judith , Brendlin Andreas S. , Gassenmaier Sebastian , Almansour Haidara , Werner Sebastian , Brendel Jan M. , Mika Alexander , Scherieble Christoph , Notohamiprodjo Mike , Gatidis Sergios , Nikolaou Konstantin , Küstner Thomas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The unprecedented surge in energy costs in Europe, coupled with the significant energy consumption of MRI scanners in radiology departments, necessitates exploring strategies to optimize energy usage without compromising efficiency or image quality. This study investigates MR energy consumption and identifies strategies for improving energy efficiency, focusing on musculoskeletal MRI. We assess the potential savings achievable through (1) optimizing protocols, (2) incorporating deep learning (DL) accelerated acquisitions, and (3) optimizing the cooling system.

Materials and methods
Energy consumption measurements were performed on two MRI scanners (1.5-T Aera, 1.5-T Sola) in practices in Munich, Germany, between December 2022 and March 2023. Three levels of energy reduction measures were implemented and compared to the baseline. Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction was conducted to evaluate the impact of sequence scan times and energy consumption.

Results
Our findings showed significant energy savings by optimizing protocol settings and implementing DL technologies. Across all body regions, the average reduction in energy consumption was 72% with DL and 31% with economic protocols, accompanied by time reductions of 71% (DL) and 18% (economic protocols) compared to baseline. Optimizing the cooling system during the non-scanning time showed a 30% lower energy consumption.

Conclusion
Implementing energy-saving strategies, including economic protocols, DL accelerated sequences, and optimized magnet cooling, can significantly reduce energy consumption in MRI scanners. Radiology departments and practices should consider adopting these strategies to improve energy efficiency and reduce costs.

Clinical relevance statement
MRI scanner energy consumption can be substantially reduced by incorporating protocol optimization, DL accelerated acquisition, and optimized magnetic cooling into daily practice, thereby cutting costs and environmental impact.

Key Points

Optimization of protocol settings reduced energy consumption by 31% and imaging time by 18%.

DL technologies led to a 72% reduction in energy consumption of and a 71% reduction in time, compared to the standard MRI protocol.

During non-scanning times, activating Eco power mode (EPM) resulted in a 30% reduction in energy consumption, saving 4881 € ($5287) per scanner annually.
Comparative analysis of the efficacy and complications of mid-urethral slings when inserted either in isolation or in conjunction with pelvic organ prolapse surgery
Authors: Pérez Esther Ruiz , De Miguel Manso Sonia , García García Elena , Tejedor Julio Alberto Gobernado , Díaz-Heredero Álvaro Sanz , Del Nogal Lidia Casamayor , Martínez Sandra Canales , Pascual Jimena Bayón 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a highly prevalent condition that affects between 20 and 50% of the female population. Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) can coexist with SUI and both can be addressed through a vaginal approach. However, it is unclear whether simultaneous surgery for these two conditions can influence the outcome of incontinence treatment.

Objective
To evaluate the objective and subjective effectiveness of the transobturator suburethral (TO) band by comparing two groups: group A, of patients undergoing surgery for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) by insertion of TO mesh, and group B, formed for patients requiring simultaneous correction of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in addition to TO mesh insertion.

Materials and methods
This is an observational, descriptive and retrospective study in which 91 patients participated: 33 (group A) underwent surgery for SUI and 58 (group B) underwent corrective surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and TO band simultaneously.
Variables included: total urinary continence, objective urinary continence, subjective urinary continence (satisfaction levels and two validated questionnaires (PGI-1 and ICIQ-SF)) and complications.

Results
Regarding total continence, from the seventh to the ninth year, statistically significant differences were observed, with total continence being higher in group A. Objective continence decreased in both groups during the follow-up period.
No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding subjective urinary continence (ICIQ-SF) and the degree of improvement after surgical treatment (PGI-1). The level of satisfaction after surgery was high in both groups. Regarding complications, there were no statistically significant differences.

Conclusions
Isolated surgery for SUI could be considered more effective in achieving total and objective continence. However, the insertion of the TO band in both cases improves subjective urinary continence and quality of life with great safety and without differences regarding complications.