bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Special Educational Needs and Disabilities Assessment and Review Team experiences to improve and inform special educational needs and disabilities systems in England
Authors: Laverick Tracy , Baron Richard 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) and Alternative Provision (AP) Improvement Plan has been published for England and includes a recommendation for SEND Assessment and Review Teams guidance. These teams co‐ordinate and monitor the statutory Education, Health and Care Plans detailing the needs and provision for children with SEND, but their views on this responsibility are absent from the literature and are essential to inform the proposed guidance. This study gathered the views of 58 SEND officers within a region. They completed an online survey with a mixture of both qualitative and quantitative items. SEND officers wish to work collaboratively with families but struggled with the capacity to be able to do this. Increasing numbers of assessment requests, reported experiences of abusive interactions and lack of clarity in their role contributed to the high turnover of SEND officers. They predominantly receive ‘on the job’ training for their role, contributing to inconsistencies both within and between local authorities. The study concludes by sharing the recommendations from the SEND officers on the improvements needed to support these teams and in turn provide a supportive and responsive service for families.
Sincere critique in Israeli filmmaking
Authors: Cohen Maayan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article investigates an increasingly observable yet insufficiently studied phenomenon: the emphasis placed by artists on personal experience as the most legitimate inspiration for art. To this end, I introduce the term ‘sincere realism’ to describe an emerging form of personal cinema in Israel, illustrating how sincerity has evolved into a dominant ‘regime of truth’ that moulds modern forms of critique and expression in contemporary Israeli filmmaking. Through a critique of Foucault's concept of ‘regimes of truth’, I argue that ‘sincere realism’ has ethical and political implications and therefore allows a more nuanced anthropological approach to Foucault's concept of power. This perspective offers a fresh insight into how artists negotiate contemporary ‘regimes of truth’.
Research progress on measurement methods and evaluation of the hemodialysis adequacy index Kt/V
Authors: Li Le‐le , Xu Rui‐feng , He Ning , Hu Ta‐la , Gao Wu‐niri , Wang Xi‐feng , Shi Dong‐ying , Zhao Jian‐rong , Meng Yan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe most common form of replacement therapy for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is hemodialysis, and the adequacy of hemodialysis is strongly associated with the quality of life and long‐term survival of patients. Kt/V is currently one of the most important indicators for evaluating the adequacy of hemodialysis. There are many methods for measuring Kt/V, such as blood collection and measurement, dialysate measurement, bioresistive resistance, WinNonlin software analysis, and artificial intelligence. There are different views on the importance of Kt/V as an indicator of the adequacy of hemodialysis. This article provides a literature review of the various methods of measuring Kt/V and on different perspectives on Kt/V as an evaluation of hemodialysis adequacy.
Evaluation of the effect of ultrasound‐assisted hot air drying on the drying characteristics and physicochemical properties of cherries based on the entropy‐weighted TOPSIS method
Authors: Lu Hongyang , Huang Xiaopeng , Ma Guojun , Xu Yanrui , Zang Zepeng , Zhang Kaikai , Ma Wenli , Wan Fangxin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo address the challenges associated with prolonged traditional hot air drying (HAD) times and significant nutrient loss in cherries, this study employs ultrasound‐assisted hot air drying (USA‐HAD) technology. The study investigates the impacts of various ultrasound (US) frequencies, US powers, and hot air temperatures on the drying kinetics, physicochemical properties, texture attributes, and microstructure of cherries during drying. Cherry physicochemical quality serves as the evaluation criterion, with the entropy‐weighted TOPSIS method used to identify the optimal drying parameters. The findings indicate that USA‐HAD accelerates the drying process, reduces drying time, and enhances drying efficiency. In comparison to natural drying, USA‐HAD significantly preserves polysaccharides, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and organic acids in cherries, while boosting antioxidant activity. Concurrently, it reduces color intensity, as well as the hardness, chewiness, and gumminess of dried cherry products. Microstructural observations under different drying methods reveal an increase in surface micropores and relatively intact tissue structure. Under conditions of 55°C, 48 W, and 28 kHz, cherries exhibit superior overall quality based on the TOPSIS relative closeness degree. This study offers practical insights for optimizing post‐harvest processing of cherries.Practical ApplicationIn this rapidly evolving era, the application of combination drying technology is clearly on the rise. The USA‐HAD treated cherries had better nutritional and bioactive than HAD. The conclusions obtained indicate that the USA‐HAD technology has more potential for development.
High‐precision identification of highly similar Pinelliae Rhizoma and adulterated Rhizoma pinelliae pedatisectae through deep neural networks based on vision transformers
Authors: Chen Rong , Zhang Ying , Song Wen‐Jun , Zhao Ting‐Ting , Wang Jiu‐Ning , Zhao Yong‐Hong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPinelliae Rhizoma is a key ingredient in botanical supplements and is often adulterated by Rhizoma Pinelliae Pedatisectae, which is similar in appearance but less expensive. Accurate identification of these materials is crucial for both scientific and commercial purposes. Traditional morphological identification relies heavily on expert experience and is subjective, while chemical analysis and molecular biological identification are typically time consuming and labor intensive. This study aims to employ a simpler, faster, and non‐invasive image recognition technique to distinguish between these two highly similar plant materials. In the realm of image recognition, we aimed to utilize the vision transformer (ViT) algorithm, a cutting‐edge image recognition technology, to differentiate these materials. All samples were verified using DNA molecular identification before image analysis. The result demonstrates that the ViT algorithm achieves a classification accuracy exceeding 94%, significantly outperforming the convolutional neural network model's 60%–70% accuracy. This highlights the efficiency of this technology in identifying plant materials with similar appearances. This study marks the pioneer work of the ViT algorithm to such a challenging task, showcasing its potential for precise botanical material identification and setting the stage for future advancements in the field.
Retention of microplastics by biofilms and their ingestion by protists in rivers
Authors: Hamann Leandra , Werner Jennifer , Haase Felicia J. , Thiel Massimo , Scherwaß Anja , Laforsch Christian , Löder Martin G. J. , Blanke Alexander , Arndt Hartmut 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) are released into the environment through human activities and are transported by rivers from land to sea. Biofilms, which are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems such as rivers, may play an essential role in the fate of MPs and their ingestion by biofilm protists. To assess this, biofilms were naturally grown on clay tiles in the River Rhine, Germany, and analysed in a combined field and laboratory study. Compared to the ambient river water, biofilms grown for 6, 12, and 18 months in the River Rhine contained up to 10 times more MPs. Between 70% and 78% of all MPs were smaller than 50 μm. In laboratory experiments, clay tiles covered with 1‐month‐old naturally grown biofilm retained 6–12 times more MPs than clay tiles without biofilm coverage. Furthermore, the ingestion of MPs of 6 and 10 μm by the ciliate Stentor coeruleus was confirmed, and a positive correlation between ingestion rates and ambient MP concentrations was found. The results are relevant for particle transport models in riverine systems, risk assessment of MPs regarding their distribution and fate in the aquatic environment, and the effects of MPs on micro‐ and macroorganisms.
Singapore's triumph: Governance strategies and societal cohesion during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Rasheed Zainul Abidin , Goh Crystal Wen Wen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis case study article delves into the comprehensive governance strategies employed by Singapore during the COVID‐19 pandemic, as elucidated in a compelling speech delivered by Mr. Zainul Abidin Rasheed at Lien Development Conference 2022. The former Senior Minister of State (Foreign Affairs) and Member of the Board of Trustees at Nanyang Technological University sheds light on the triumvirate of key elements—capacity, collaboration and cohesion—that underscore Singapore's successful management of the crisis. The article explores the multifaceted state capacities meticulously developed over time, highlighting the instrumental role of public–private partnerships in fostering collaborative innovation. Anchoring these strategies is societal cohesion, intricately woven with political trust, effective communication and a shared spirit of mutual support. As Mr. Rasheed contemplates the open question of whether humanity has gleaned the necessary lessons from history to adequately prepare for the future, he envisions Singapore's experience serving as a valuable reference for others.
Road to human‐centric smart city governance in Japan: The case of Fujisawa sustainable smart town
Authors: Wang Zhijian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile the smart city literature extensively discusses the human‐centric approach to smart city governance, empirical evidence remains limited. This study examines the practical applications of this approach and considers the remaining challenges, using the case of the Sustainable Smart Town of Fujisawa, Japan. It focuses on institutionalisation, organisational transformation, and public participation, highlighting the achievements and limitations of human‐centric governance in this context. In Fujisawa, a practical approach to human‐centric governance emerged to overcome bureaucratic barriers to implementing smart city initiatives. This includes formulating smart city policies tailored to the urban context and introducing institutional reforms in the local government; these allow the city to engage with multiple stakeholders and prioritise citizens' needs. However, several challenges persist, such as the limited competence of the local smart city department to drive a citywide initiative and limited governmental digitalisation. Furthermore, while public opinion is collected by certain advanced digital tools, there is no mechanism for stakeholder dialog or direct citizen participation in decision‐making processes; this lack of engagement prevents the city from adequately addressing citizens' needs. Addressing these limitations is vital for achieving a human‐centric approach in local smart city initiatives.
Impact of Clinical and Pharmacological Parameters on Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Outcome in Clostridioides difficile Infections: Results of a 5‐Year French National Survey
Authors: Benech Nicolas , Cassir Nadim , Alric Laurent , Barbut Frédéric , Batista Rui , Bleibtreu Alexandre , Briot Thomas , Davido Benjamin , Galperine Tatiana , Joly Anne‐Christine , Kapel Nathalie , Melchior Chloé , Mosca Alexis , Nebbad Biba , Pigneur Bénédicte , Schneider Stéphane M. , Wasiak Mathieu , Scanzi Julien , Sokol Harry ,   the French Faecal Transplant Group (GFTF)
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDetailed comparative assessment of procedure‐related factors associated with faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) efficacy in Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is limited.AimsWe took advantage of the differences in procedures at the various French FMT centres to determine clinical and procedure‐related factors associated with FMT success in CDI.MethodsWe performed a nationwide retrospective multicentre cohort study. All FMTs performed within The French Faecal Transplant Group for CDI from 2018 to 2022 were included. Clinical data were collected retrospectively from recipient medical files, characteristics of stool transplant preparations were prospectively collected by each Pharmacy involved. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Fisher's test and multiple logistic regression.ResultsSix hundred fifty‐eight FMTs were performed for 617 patients in 17 centres. The overall efficacy of FMT was 84.3% (520/617), with 0.5% of severe adverse events possibly related to FMT (3/658). Forty‐seven patients were treated at the first recurrence of CDI with a similar success rate (85.1%). Severe chronic kidney disease (CKD; OR: 2.18, 95%CI [1.20–3.88]), non‐severe refractory CDI (OR: 15.35, [1.94–318.2]), the use of ≥ 80% glycerol (OR: 2.52, [1.11–5.67]), insufficient bowel cleansing (OR: 5.47, [1.57–20.03]) and partial FMT retention (OR: 9.97, [2.62–48.49]) were associated with CDI recurrence within 8 weeks.ConclusionsConditions of transplant manufacturing, bowel cleansing, and a route of delivery tailored to the patient's characteristics are key factors in optimising FMT efficacy. FMT at first recurrence showed high success in real‐life practice, whereas it had lower efficacy in severe CDI and non‐severe refractory CDI.
Additive Effect of Blood and Tissue Eosinophilia on Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps
Authors: Yang Peipei , Shen Yongcong , Wang Wenqing , Wang Yuhong , Fan Yuhui , Liu Jisheng , Zhang Dan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a highly heterogeneous disease with varied clinical features and treatment effects. This study aimed to investigate the additive effect of blood and tissue eosinophilia on patients with CRSwNP.MethodsBased on the blood eosinophil (Beos) count and tissue eosinophil (Teos) count, we divided 144 CRSwNP patients into four groups, analysed their clinical features and histopathologic changes, and investigated their postoperative control.ResultsPatients in the Beos+Teos+ (blood eosinophil count > 0.3 × 109/L, tissue eosinophil count > 10/HPF) group had a higher incidence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. Lund‐Mackay (LM) scores, hyposmia visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and Global Osteitis Scoring Scale (GOSS) scores were higher in the Beos+Teos+ group than those in the other groups. Tissue remodelling, such as connective tissue oedema and basement membrane thickening was more severe in the Beos+Teos+ group compared with other groups. There were more uncontrolled patients after surgery in Beos+Teos+, Beos+Teos− (blood eosinophil count > 0.3 × 109/L, tissue eosinophil count ≤ 10/HPF)and Beos−Teos+ (blood eosinophil count ≤ 0.3 × 109/L, tissue eosinophil count > 10/HPF)groups compared with the Beos−Teos− group.ConclusionsEosinophilic inflammation both in blood and tissue was accompanied by more severe clinical features and tissue remodelling. Eosinophilia in blood or tissue indicated poorer disease control after surgery.
Extraembryonic mesoderm cells derived from human embryonic stem cells rely on Wnt pathway activation
Authors: Wang Si‐Le , Shi Gao‐Hui , Duan Kui , Yin Yu , Li Tianqing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExtraembryonic mesoderm cells (EXMCs) are involved in the development of multiple embryonic lineages and umbilical cord formation, where they subsequently develop into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although EXMCs can be generated from human naïve embryonic stem cells (ESCs), it is unclear whether human primed ESCs (hpESCs) can differentiate into EXMCs that subsequently produce MSCs. The present report described a three‐dimensional differentiation protocol to induce hpESCs into EXMCs by activating the Wnt pathway using CHIR99021. Single‐cell transcriptome and immunostaining analyses revealed that the EXMC characteristics were similar to those of post‐implantation embryonic EXMCs. Cell sorting was used to purify and expand the EXMCs. Importantly, these EXMCs secreted extracellular matrix proteins, including COL3A1 and differentiated into MSCs. Inconsistent with other MSC types, these MSCs exhibited a strong differentiation potential for chondrogenic and osteogenic cells and lacked adipocyte differentiation. Together, these findings provided a protocol to generate EXMCs and subsequent MSCs from hpESCs.
Serum liver enzymes and risk of stroke: Systematic review with meta‐analyses and Mendelian randomization studies
Authors: Li Chun , Gu Long , Shi Fu‐Yi , Xiong Shi‐Ying , Wu Gui‐Sheng , Peng Jian‐Hua , Wang Ruo‐Lan , Yuan Yuan , Jiang Yong , Huang Chen , Luo Huai‐Rong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and purposePrevious observational studies have identified correlations between liver enzyme levels and stroke risk. However, the strength and consistency of these associations vary. To comprehensively evaluate the relationship between liver enzymes and stroke risk, we conducted meta‐analyses complemented by Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA guidelines, we performed meta‐analyses of prospective studies and conducted subgroup analyses stratified by sex and stroke subtype. Subsequently, adhering to the STROBE‐MR guidelines, we performed two‐sample bidirectional univariable MR (UVMR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses using the largest genome‐wide association studies summary data. Finally, the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms associated with liver enzymes on sex differences underwent gene annotation, gene set enrichment, and tissue enrichment analyses.ResultsIn the meta‐analyses of 17 prospective studies, we found the relative risks for serum γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were 1.23 (95% CI: 1.16–1.31) and 1.3 (95% CI: 1.19–1.43), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed sex and stroke subtype differences in liver enzyme‐related stroke risk. Bidirectional UVMR analyses confirmed that elevated GGT, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were associated with increased stroke occurrence. The primary results from the MVMR analyses revealed that higher ALP levels significantly increased the risk of stroke and ischemic stroke. Gene set and tissue enrichment analyses supported genetic differences in liver enzymes across sexes.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence linking liver enzyme levels to stroke risk, suggesting liver enzymes as potential biomarkers for early identification of high‐risk individuals. Personalized, sex‐specific interventions targeting liver enzymes could offer new strategies for stroke prevention.
Electroencephalographic source imaging of spikes with concurrent high‐frequency oscillations is concordant with the clinical ground truth
Authors: Gonsisko Colton B. , Cai Zhengxiang , Jiang Xiyuan , Duque Lopez Andrea M. , Worrell Gregory A. , He Bin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy raises critical challenges to accurately localize the epileptogenic zone (EZ) to guide presurgical planning. Previous research has suggested that interictal spikes overlapping with high‐frequency oscillations, referred to here as pSpikes, serve as a reliable biomarker for EZ estimation, but there remains a question as to whether and to how pSpikes perform as compared to other types of epileptic spikes. This study aims to address this question by investigating the source imaging capabilities of pSpikes alongside other spike types.MethodsA total of 2819 interictal spikes from 76‐channel scalp electroencephalography (EEG) were analyzed in a cohort of 24 drug‐resistant focal epilepsy patients. All patients received surgical resection, and 16 were declared seizure‐free based on at least 1 year of postoperative follow‐up. A recently developed electrophysiological source imaging algorithm—fast spatiotemporal iteratively reweighted edge sparsity (FAST‐IRES)—was used for source imaging of the detected interictal spikes. The performance of 217 pSpikes was compared with 772 nSpikes (spikes with irregular high‐frequency activations), 1830 rSpikes (spikes with no high‐frequency activity), and all 2819 aSpikes (all interictal spikes).ResultsThe localization and extent estimation using pSpikes are concordant with the clinical ground truth; using pSpikes yields the best performance compared with nSpikes, rSpikes, and conventional spike imaging (aSpikes). For multiple spike type seizure‐free patients, the mean localization error for pSpike imaging was 6.8 mm, compared with 15.0 mm for aSpikes. The sensitivity, precision, and specificity were .41, .67, and .93 for pSpikes compared with .32, .48, and .93 for aSpikes.SignificanceThese results demonstrate the merits of noninvasive EEG source localization, and that (1) pSpike is a superior biomarker, outperforming conventional spike imaging for the localization of epileptic sources, and especially those with multiple irritative zones; and (2) FAST‐IRES provides accurate source estimation that is highly concordant with clinical ground truth, even in situations of single spike analysis with low signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Litter quality modulates the effects of environmental drivers on microbial decomposition and home‐field advantage in headwater streams
Authors: Fenoy Encarnación , Moya‐Laraño Jordi , Rubio‐Ríos Juan , Moyano‐López Francisco J. , Casas J. Jesús 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We investigated how microbial decomposition in headwater streams is influenced by environmental factors and litter quality, including the potential adaptation of microbes to decompose more efficiently leaf‐litter species from their native range (HFA, ‘home‐field advantage’ hypothesis).

We conducted a leaf‐litter decomposition experiment in streams from four subregions contrasting in water chemistry and temperature regime, using cross‐subregion reciprocal incubations of the dominant riparian plant species in each subregion.

Low‐quality litters decomposed faster at their native site, supporting the HFA hypothesis for low‐quality litter species. Moreover, temperature sensitivity of decomposition of low‐, but not high‐, quality litters was close to that predicted by the metabolic theory of ecology. Among litter traits, nitrogen content and toughness were the major predictors of decomposition. Temperature and nitrate concentration in stream water enhanced decomposition but, these two extrinsic factors did not act synergistically.

Together our results indicated that leaf‐litter traits have a leading role as drivers of the decomposition process in headwater streams. However, this role is indirect, and occurs because low‐quality litters modulate the decomposition effects of environmental drivers (temperature and N in water). Consistently with the above finding, HFA occurred only in low‐quality litter.

Thus, if climate change leads to minor local changes in litter quality, microbial decomposition would be accelerated additively by warming and stream‐water nitrate enrichment, with more pronounced effects on low‐quality litters.
IDEAL DEFAULT FOR RESOLVING DISPUTES EFFICIENTLY
Authors: Anbarci Nejat , Celik Gorkem 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study arbitration mechanisms where two parties to the dispute have single‐peaked preferences over outcomes, represented by concave utility functions. The most preferred outcome of each party is her private information. By participating in an arbitration mechanism, the parties forfeit the default outcome, which is set without consideration of private preferences. We show that the ideal default outcome for efficient dispute resolution maximizes the sum of the reservation payoffs of the most difficult agent types to persuade to participate in the mechanism. This result is contrary to the conventional wisdom that an unattractive default could force the parties to agree.