bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Stochastic Low-frequency Variability for Galactic O-type Stars
Authors: Shen Dong-Xiang , Zhu Chun-Hua , Lü Guo-Liang , Lu Xi-zhen , He Xiao-long 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In order to explore how the ubiquitous stochastic low-frequency (SLF) variability of O-type stars is related to various stellar characteristics, we compiled a sample of 150 O-type stars observed via ground-based spectroscopic surveys, alongside photometric data obtained from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). We analyzed 298 light curves obtained from TESS Sectors 1–65 for the stars in our sample. Leveraging the spectroscopic parameters, we used Bonnsai to determine masses, radii, fractional main-sequence ages, and mass-loss rates for stars of our sample. Subsequently, we identified possible correlations between the fitted parameters of SLF variability and stellar properties. Our analysis unveiled four significant correlations between the amplitude and stellar parameters, including mass, radius, fractional main-sequence ages, and mass-loss rate. For stars with ≳30 M
⊙, we observed a decrease in characteristic frequency and steepness with increasing radius. Finally, we compared various physical processes that may account for the SLF variability with our results. The observed SLF variability may arise from the combined effects of the iron convection zone (FeCZ) and internal gravity waves (IGWs), with IGWs potentially more dominant in the early stages of stellar evolution, and the contribution of FeCZ becoming more significant as stars evolve. Meanwhile, our results indicate that the SLF variability of O-type stars bears certain signatures of the line-driven wind instability and granulation.
GOALS-JWST: Constraining the Emergence Timescale for Massive Star Clusters in NGC 3256
Authors: Linden Sean T. , Lai Thomas , Evans Aaron S. , Armus Lee , Larson Kirsten L. , Rich Jeffrey A. , U Vivian , Privon George C. , Inami Hanae , Song Yiqing , Bianchin Marina , Bohn Thomas , Buiten Victorine A. , Sanchez-García Maria , Kader Justin , Lenkić Laura , Medling Anne M. , Böker Torsten , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Charmandaris Vassilis , Barcos-Muñoz Loreto , van der Werf Paul , Stierwalt Sabrina , Aalto Susanne , Appleton Philip , Hayward Christopher C. , Howell Justin H. , Malkan Matthew A. , Mazzarella Joseph M. , Murphy Eric J. , Surace Jason 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present the results of a James Webb Space Telescope NIRCam and NIRSpec investigation into the young massive star cluster (YMC) population of NGC 3256, the most cluster-rich luminous infrared galaxy in the Great Observatories All Sky LIRG Survey. We detect 3061 compact YMC candidates with a signal-to-noise ratio ≥3 at F150W, F200W, and F335M. Based on yggdrasil stellar population models, we identify 116/3061 sources with F150W – F200W > 0.47 and F200W – F355M > −1.37 colors, suggesting that they are young (t ≤ 5 Myr), dusty (A

V
= 5−15), and massive (M
⊙ > 105). This increases the sample of dust-enshrouded YMCs detected in this system by an order of magnitude relative to previous Hubble Space Telescope studies. With NIRSpec integral field unit pointings centered on the northern and southern nucleus, we extract the Paα and 3.3 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) equivalent widths for eight bright and isolated YMCs. Variations in both the F200W – F335M color and 3.3 μm PAH emission with the Paα line strength suggest a rapid dust clearing (<3−4 Myr) for the emerging YMCs in the nuclei of NGC 3256. Finally, with both the age and dust emission accurately measured, we use yggdrasil to derive the color excess (E(B − V)) for all eight YMCs. We demonstrate that YMCs with strong 3.3 μm PAH emission (F200W – F335M > 0) correspond to sources with E(B − V) > 3, which are typically missed in UV-optical studies. This underscores the importance of deep near-infrared imaging for finding and characterizing these very young and dust-embedded sources.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients With Juvenile Dermatomyositis in China: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Liu Xuanyi , Zhang Junmei , Xu Hui , Kuang Weiying , Deng Jianghong , Tan Xiaohua , Li Chao , Li Shipeng , Xue Yuan , Feng Guoshuang , Li Caifeng 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveJuvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare but chronic autoimmune disease with systemic nonsuppurative inflammation. Many studies have focused on the clinical characteristics and therapy of JDM. Whereas a few studies have reported the epidemiological characteristics and social burden of patients with JDM internationally, no study has been performed in China to date.MethodsThis study was based on the Futang Updating Medical Records (FUTURE) database. Data were extracted from registry information in inpatient medical records. The epidemiological characteristics and economic burden of Chinese patients with JDM were analyzed.ResultsA total of 1164 patients with JDM from 24 hospitals were enrolled from January 2016 to December 2021. The ratio of boys to girls was 1:1.23, and half were between 6 and 12 years old. Over half (n = 629) were admitted to the hospital at least twice for intensive treatment. In total, 20.02% of patients with JDM had lung involvement and 2.23% experienced subcutaneous calcification. The median number days of hospitalization was 10 (IQR 6-14), whereas the median hospitalization expense was US $2370.50 (IQR 1373.70- 3541.90). Lung involvement was the most frequent complication, causing high inpatient burden, length of stay, and expense. Nearly 17% of patients with JDM were admitted to the hospital as emergencies, suggesting a severe disease activity stage requiring urgent treatment. No deaths occurred in our study.ConclusionIn our study, we analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and social burden of patients with JDM in China, contributing to the enhanced comprehension and effective management of JDM in the country.
Trends in Anxiety and Depression Among Individuals With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Giblon Rachel E. , Achenbach Sara J. , Myasoedova Elena , Davis John M. , Kronzer Vanessa L. , Bobo William V. , Crowson Cynthia S. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate trends in depression and anxiety over 3 decades among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsPatients with incident RA (age ≥ 18 years, meeting 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria between 1985 and 2014) were identified using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Individuals with RA were matched 1:1 with non-RA comparators on age, sex, and calendar year of RA incidence. Patients were followed until death, migration, or December 31, 2020. Depression and anxiety were defined using established International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th revision code sets. Cox models were used to compare trends in the occurrence of depression and anxiety diagnoses and cooccurring anxiety and depression by decade and RA status, adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsThe study included 1012 individuals with RA and 1012 matched controls (mean age 55.9 years, 68.38% female). Hazard ratios (HRs) demonstrated a temporal increase in anxiety and cooccurring anxiety and depression from 2005-2014 compared to 1985-1994 for individuals both with and without RA. Persons with RA exhibited a rising occurrence of anxiety (HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.86-1.88) and concomitant anxiety and depression (HR 1.49, 95% CI 0.96-2.33) compared to controls. Trends were most pronounced in seropositive patients with RA (anxiety: HR 4.01, 95% CI 2.21-7.30).ConclusionAnxiety and concomitant anxiety and depression diagnoses are elevated in individuals with RA. The increasing occurrence of anxiety and cooccurring anxiety and depression suggests rising awareness and diagnosis of these disorders. Adding to stable but high rates of depression diagnoses, individuals with RA now have evidence of a widening gap in mental health diagnoses that clinicians should address.
Disability Related to the Upper Extremities in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis – Long-term Course and Disease Parameter Impact: a cohort study
Authors: Rydholm Maria , Hagel Sofia , Jacobsson Lennart T.H. , Turesson Carl 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the course of disability related to the upper extremities (UE) in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to assess correlations between such disability and clinical parameters, including grip force.MethodsIn an inception cohort of patients with early RA (diagnosed 1995-2005, N=222, follow-up 10 years), disability of the UE was assessed using a subscore of the Health assessment questionnaire disability index (HAQ-DI), and average grip force of the dominant hand was measured. Changes between consecutive follow-up visits in the HAQ-DI-UE subscore, and correlations at each visit with key clinical parameters, were assessed. The relation between joint involvement and HAQ-DI-UE was examined using multivariate linear regression analysis.ResultsThe HAQ-DI-UE decreased significantly from inclusion to the 6-month follow-up (mean change -0.26; 95% CI -0.18 to -0.34), and increased significantly after 2 years. There were fairly strong correlations for HAQ-DI-UE with grip force (r:-0.50 to -0.62), patient's global assessment (r: 0.58 to 0.64) and patient's assessment of pain (r:0.54 to 0.60) at all time points through 5 years, but only moderate to weak correlations with swollen joints, CRP and ESR. At inclusion wrist synovitis and tender proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints had both an independent impact on HAQ-DI-UE, whereas tenderness of the shoulder and the wrist had a greater importance at 6 months.ConclusionDisability related to the upper extremities decreased significantly during the first 6 months, and increased again after 2 years. The correlations with clinical parameters underline the major impact of pain and impaired hand function in early RA.
Non financial rewards for HRM in tech companies
Authors: Almadana-Abón Santiago , Molina-Gómez Jesús , Mercadé-Melé Pere , Núñez-Sánchez José Manuel 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This research study aims to determine the importance of non-financial rewards as an element of total compensation and its relationship to human resource management mediated by the relationship of strategic corporate governance in the technology sector.Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative approach of extrinsic and intrinsic non-financial rewards, human resource management and strategic management of the company has been carried out. To obtain the necessary data, self-administered questionnaire were used. The results obtained from a sample of 97 human resource managers in the technology sector proves the causal relationship between each type of non-financial reward and human resource management, as well as its link to the strategic management.Findings: Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM), significant relationships occur between human resource management and strategic management, followed by the relationship between human resource management and intrinsic rewards. A significant relationship exists between human resource management and direct and indirect intrinsic rewards through strategic management. In turn, only an indirect relationship exists between human resource management and extrinsic non-financial rewards through strategic management, but there is no direct relationship.Originality/value: These findings are highly important for human resource management, since it could allow the development of new compensation strategies with non-financial rewards under strategic management helping technology companies to generate competitive advantage by means of the same.
Small Bowel Perforation by a Toothpick: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Al-Darwish Abdullah S. , Akram Hammad , Alsayyari Tarfah , Arafeh Fadi M. , Alsaleh Nuha A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This case report and literature review present a rare case of small bowel perforation caused by an accidental ingestion of a toothpick. The patient’s subtle presentation with nonspecific symptoms posed diagnostic challenges, emphasizing the need for a high index of suspicion for foreign body ingestion in similar clinical scenarios. A 17-year-old male presented to the emergency department with a long history of abdominal pain, which had worsened over the past three days and localized to the right iliac fossa. The initial suspicion was acute appendicitis; however, an abdominal CT scan revealed a toothpick penetrating the small bowel wall. The patient underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy, during which the toothpick was removed and the perforated segment of the bowel was sutured intracorporeally. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery course and was discharged on the third postoperative day. Toothpick perforation poses diagnostic challenges due to its subtle presentation and lack of recollection of ingestion. Imaging plays a crucial role in identifying the foreign body and guiding appropriate treatment. Prompt surgical management involving removal of the foreign body and repair of the perforation is recommended, as nonoperative approaches generally have poor outcomes. Laparotomy or diagnostic laparoscopy is the most common and effective treatment depending on surgical experience and availability. Resection of the affected bowel segment may be required in cases of significant inflammation or large perforations. Overall prognosis is good with early diagnosis and intervention. This case emphasizes the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for perforations caused by sharp foreign bodies in patients with cryptogenic intra-abdominal pathology. A thorough history, physical examination, imaging studies, and timely surgery are crucial in preventing morbidity and mortality. Increased awareness of this rare but dangerous complication can lead to improved patient outcomes.
Comparison of Contrast-Enhanced Voiding Urosonography with Standard Fluoroscopic Voiding Cystography for the Diagnosis of Vesicoureteral Reflux: A single-Institute of Children
Authors: Alshamiri Kamal , Alsaiady Moath , Bajaber Omar , Abounassif Mazen , Alharbi Shadi , Almutairi Abdulelah , Al Moudi Mansour 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ce-VUS) is widely used in Europe to diagnose vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in children. It is highly sensitive and avoids exposure to ionizing radiation. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of ce-VUS to those of VCUG performed on patients in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East to emphasize the agreement between the two modalities in detecting VUR in children with urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Aims:
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of ce-VUS using a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent for diagnosing VUR and to compare its performance with that of the standard VCUG.

Settings and Design:
Twenty-eight consecutive children who underwent ce-VUS and VCUG from September to December 2023 were enrolled.

Methods and Material:
ce-VUS and VCUG were performed simultaneously by two operators using an intravesical infusion of a mixture of ultrasound contrast medium, iodinated contrast medium, and water. Three pediatric radiologists independently reviewed the ce-VUS and VCUG images and reported the presence and degree of VUR (grades I–V).

Statistical Analysis Used:
This prospective study involved the consecutive recruitment of pediatric patients with suspected VUR. 28 patients (14 boys and 14 girls; 14 years ± 1 month) met the selection criteria.

Results:
Twenty-three patients yielded similar positive and negative results of VUR on both left and right sides in VCUG and ce-VUS. Only five patients showed discordant results. The diagnostic sensitivities of VCUG and ce-vus for the left VUR were 90% and 91%, respectively, whereas those for the right VUR were both 100%. The specificities of VCUG and ce-vus for the right VUR were 94.44% and 94.74%, respectively, whereas those for the right VUR were both 100%.

Conclusions:
Considering that radiation exposure among infants and children should be minimized, ce-VUS can potentially replace VCUG as an alternative diagnostic modality for detecting VUR.
Dietary Diversity among Students of Khulna University, Bangladesh
Authors: Moon Mymuna Islam , Islam Tanjirul , Tohan Mortuja Mahmud , Shah Bristi Rani , Juhi Nushrath Jahan , Anni Tayeeba Tabussum , Islam Abu Mohammad Mujahidul , Akter Kazi Moushumi , Howlader Md. Hasan , Rahman Md. Ashfikur 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
A healthy diet is a fundamental component of a healthy lifestyle, with dietary diversity being a crucial aspect of nutritious diets. Undergraduate students often exhibit inadequate dietary habits due to insufficient parental monitoring, lack of understanding of nutrition and proper eating habits, and the stress associated with academic, professional, and social obligations.

Objective:
This study aimed to measure the dietary diversity of the university students and to determine the factors associated with dietary diversity.

Methods:
This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 240 students from Khulna University, Bangladesh. Dietary diversity was chosen as the dependent variable measure on the standard dietary diversity scale (DDS) of the Food and Agriculture Organization. The DDS comprises nine food group markers, with possible scores ranging 0–9. Each food group item consumed is given a score of 1, and the maximum score a respondent can achieve on any one day is 9. Independent variables included demographic and socioeconomic factors, diet patterns, and intake of main meals in the last 24 hours. The respondents were selected by a simple random sampling method and the data were gathered via a questionnaire survey. Descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and binary logistic regression were conducted for data analysis.

Results:
The study assessed the prevalence of minimum dietary diversity among students, revealing that 55.8% had a sufficient dietary diversity score, while 44.2% scored poorly. Notably, students aged 21–25 years exhibited greater dietary diversity, particularly those in the third year of graduation or pursuing master’s degrees. The majority of these students hailed from urban areas (60.8%), consumed three main meals a day, and had notable snacking habits. Snacking choices varied with responses, including fast food, beverages, chocolates, biscuits, and fruits. Notably, 47.1% of students addressed their immediate hunger based on availability, whereas 33% admitted to skipping breakfast within the last 24 hours. These factors emerged as influential contributors to the prevalence of dietary diversity.

Conclusion:
The study revealed that nearly half of the students had poor dietary diversity, which signifies a critical problem. University administrations and policymakers are urged to consider the demographic and socioeconomic conditions of students and take necessary measures to improve their dietary patterns, ultimately enhancing overall dietary habits.
Navigating Patient Flow: Assessing the Bottlenecks in Out-Patient Services in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: De Abhishek , Gupta Shibaji , Chakraborty Arup 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Patient flow in hospital outpatient departments (OPDs) is affected by bottlenecks arising from patient load and service capacity mismatch. We evaluated OPD service bottlenecks at a medical college in India by measuring patient flow and service delivery rates and examined possible associations between the service rate and sociodemographic variables.

Methods:
Two hundred and fifty-two eligible patients in the queue were selected by systematic random sampling from general medicine, respiratory medicine, general surgery, and orthopedic OPDs. Structured interview schedules and checklists were used to gather required information. Waiting times and service delivery rates were compared statistically.

Results:
Most patients were newly registered (63.89%) and visited the institute directly (87.30%). Surgery had the highest number of doctors. In all OPDs, patient flow exceeded the doctor service rate; the orthopedic OPD had the longest waiting time to see a doctor (85.71% of total time). Patients attending the surgery OPD had the least waiting time and maximum consultation time (25.62% and 65.88% of the total time, respectively). Waiting and consultation times varied significantly between the OPDs. In respiratory medicine, patients took a significantly longer time to consult (P = 0.032).

Conclusions:
The study recommends facilitating properly scheduled consultation times, rearrangement of infrastructure, and a larger healthcare workforce in OPDs.
Patterns and Risk Factors of Traumatic Brain Injuries in Pediatric Patients Visiting the Emergency Room in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam , Alqahtani Thekra , Almasaad Norah , Mustafa Salah , Alqahtani Manar , Alsuwat Khalid , Asiri Mohammed , Al Mutair Abbas , Almulhim Khalid 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in pediatric patients are a pressing public health concern, with limited data in the Saudi Arabian context. This study aimed to identify patterns, risk factors, and clinical outcomes associated with TBIs among pediatric patients visiting emergency rooms in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted, involving 1,030 pediatric patients admitted to emergency departments of King Fahad Hospital in Hofuf, Almoosa Hospital in Hofuf, King Fahad Hospital in Dammam, King Fahad Hospital in Madina, King Faisal Hospital in Alahsa, King Faisal Specialist Hospital in Riyadh, and King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah. The age of the patients was predominantly within the range of 18–24 years, constituting 58.5% of the total sample. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires and analyzed using Chi-square tests and descriptive statistics.

Results:
Falls were the predominant cause of TBIs, accounting for 69.8% of cases. No significant correlation was found between age and TBI severity (P = 0.072). However, the cause of TBI significantly influenced clinical outcomes (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
While age did not significantly impact the severity of TBIs, the cause of the injury played a critical role in clinical outcomes. These findings provide a foundation for targeted preventive measures and interventions.
Frequency and risk factors of congestive heart failure in hemodialysis patients in Assiut University Hospital
Authors: Hamad Dina A. , Abdelhameid Marwa A. , El Maksoud Esraa G.A. , Hamid Mohamed A.S. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Cardiac failure is a leading cause of death for patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of congestive heart failure (HF) in ESRD patients and evaluate its main risk factors. This data will help to provide better care to our patients and improve the outcome.

Patients and methods
A descriptive observational study was carried out on 290 individuals with ESRD who were on regular hemodialysis. The patients were categorized into two groups based on cardiac failure. The first group consisted of individuals diagnosed with HF, whereas the second group included people who showed no signs of HF.

Results
Logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking, hemoglobin level, ultrafiltration rate, ischemic heart disease, and ejection fraction were considered independent predictors for HF ESRD patients.

Conclusion
Congestive HF is prevalent among people undergoing hemodialysis. The main reasons for this high occurrence included the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension, along with complications of renal failure such as anemia.