bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hypothesis to explain accuracy of wasp resemblances
Authors: Boppré Michael , Vane‐Wright Richard I. , Wickler Wolfgang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMimicry is one of the oldest concepts in biology, but it still presents many puzzles and continues to be widely debated. Simulation of wasps with a yellow‐black abdominal pattern by other insects (commonly called “wasp mimicry”) is traditionally considered a case of resemblance of unprofitable by profitable prey causing educated predators to avoid models and mimics to the advantage of both (Figure 1a). However, as wasps themselves are predators of insects, wasp mimicry can also be seen as a case of resemblance to one's own potential antagonist. We here propose an additional hypothesis to Batesian and Müllerian mimicry (both typically involving selection by learning vertebrate predators; cf. Table 1) that reflects another possible scenario for the evolution of multifold and in particular very accurate resemblances to wasps: an innate, visual inhibition of aggression among look‐alike wasps, based on their social organization and high abundance. We argue that wasp species resembling each other need not only be Müllerian mutualists and that other insects resembling wasps need not only be Batesian mimics, but an innate ability of wasps to recognize each other during hunting is the driver in the evolution of a distinct kind of masquerade, in which model, mimic, and selecting agent belong to one or several species (Figure 1b). Wasp mimics resemble wasps not (only) to be mistaken by educated predators but rather, or in addition, to escape attack from their wasp models. Within a given ecosystem, there will be selection pressures leading to masquerade driven by wasps and/or to mimicry driven by other predators that have to learn to avoid them. Different pressures by guilds of these two types of selective agents could explain the widely differing fidelity with respect to the models in assemblages of yellow jackets and yellow jacket look‐alikes.
Developing Environmental NGO Power for Domestic Battles in a Multilevel Context: Lessons from a Slovenian case
Authors: Rodela Romina , Udovč Andrej , Boström Magnus 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMany have discussed the crucial role that environmental nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs) have played in the implementation of nature protection policies across European member states. However, there are important differences in the opportunity structures among new and old member states that influence how ENGOs can act and undertake activities. This article seeks to clarify the role of ENGO capacity building within the context of multilevel environmental governance and focuses on a case in which Slovene ENGOs mobilized against the siting of 80 windmills in a natural area suggested for protection under the EU Birds and Habitats Directive. The dispute involved ENGOs seeking to pursue nature protection objectives against state authorities who prioritized green energy infrastructural development. The article analyses the mobilization strategies pursued and the combination of material, cognitive, social and symbolic resources used. The results suggest that these resources had to be mobilized and organized along both horizontal (domestic) and vertical (international) axes, and that this combination appears key in advancing an environmental protection agenda. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Building Information Modelling – A new tool for the successful implementation of major projects of German railways / Building Information Modelling – Ein neues Werkzeug zur erfolgreichen Realisierung von Großprojekten der Deutschen Bahn
Authors: Ehrbar Heinz 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIf correctly applied, digitalisation can also create great added value for railways, which explains why German Railways (DB) is taking it seriously. As with many other construction client organisations, the DB with their portfolio of major projects was and is confronted with the situation that cost targets and deadlines can often not be maintained. The causes for such deviations are various and in addition to the many external reasons, are also due to the current methods of controlling construction projects. The DB has recognised that the use of digital methods of project implementation such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) can achieve a great contribution to the improvement of project stability. While DB has already consistently furthered the use of BIM for station buildings in recent years, BIM has only been in use on DB infrastructure projects since 2015. By the end of 2020, however, the running up process of BIM at DB should have reached the stage that all complex major projects and all projects suitable for standardisation are designed and controlled with BIM. The DB hopes to gain from the use of BIM more transparency on projects, considerable economic benefits and the strengthening of the collaboration of all sides as partners.Richtig eingesetzt kann die Digitalisierung auch bei der Eisenbahn einen hohen Mehrwert schaffen, weshalb die Deutsche Bahn (DB) der Digitalisierung einen sehr hohen Stellenwert gibt. Wie viele andere Bauherrenorganisationen auch, war und ist die DB mit ihrem Portfolio an Großprojekten mit der Tatsache konfrontiert, dass Kosten‐ und Terminziele in einem nicht unerheblichen Ausmaß nicht eingehalten werden können. Die Ursachen für solche Abweichungen sind vielfältig und liegen neben vielen externen Gründen auch in der Art und Weise der aktuellen Steuerung von Bauprojekten. Die DB hat erkannt, dass mit dem Einsatz digitaler Methoden zur Projektabwicklung wie Building Information Modelling (BIM) ein großer Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Projektstabilität geleistet werden kann. Während im Bereich der Bahnhofsbauten der DB die Anwendung von BIM bereits in den letzten Jahren konsequent vorangetrieben wurde, kommt BIM für die Infrastrukturprojekte der DB Netz AG erst seit 2015 zum Einsatz. Bis Ende 2020 soll der BIM‐Hochlauf bei der DB aber so geschaffen sein, dass alle komplexen Großprojekte und alle standardisierbaren Projekte mit BIM geplant und gesteuert werden. Die DB verspricht sich von dem Einsatz von BIM mehr Transparenz in den Projekten, erhebliche wirtschaftliche Vorteile und eine Stärkung der partnerschaftlichen Zusammenarbeit nach allen Seiten.
Implementation of BIM in the tunnel design – Engineering consultant's aspect
Authors: Daller Josef , Žibert Marko , Exinger Christoph , Lah Martin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe importance of information management was recognised in surface construction industry decades ago, and is increasingly being recognised through formal processes and laws. Around the world, these laws and codes of practice are currently being drafted and enacted, to reflect the development of software tools and corresponding increasing adoption by industry. This paper deals with general overview of BIM and its benefits as well as specifics of implementing information modelling in the tunnelling business utilizing BIM (Building Information Modelling) technology developed for buildings as well as similar technology developed for the mining industry. Although BIM was initially recognised as a 3D digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility, the benefits of using it are much wider than anticipated by its definition. This paper focuses on aspect of consultants and the role of other parties in developing projects.
Research@ZaB – Start of construction of the “ZaB – Zentrum am Berg” research and development, training and education centre / Research@ZaB – Baubeginn für das Forschungs‐ und Entwicklungs‐ sowie Trainings‐ und Schulungszentrum Zentrum am Berg
Authors: Galler Robert 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe creation of sustainable infrastructure is increasingly being provided in underground facilities. In terms of construction and maintenance, this leads to greater challenges for construction, transport and energy‐provider companies. This also applies for emergency services organisations as well as to ensure the safety for the users of the infrastructure. The project “Research@ZaB – Zentrum am Berg” will establish an underground facility for research and development, education and training purposes. On the one hand, the centre should meet the requirements of public institutions; on the other hand it represents a “development factory” for private companies as well as concerned universities.Untertägige Anlagen sind substanzielle Elemente der innerstädtischen sowie überregionalen Infrastruktur und des Energiewesens. Die Schaffung zukunftsfähiger Infrastrukturen erfolgt zunehmend in unterirdischen Anlagen, was gleichzeitig zu größeren Herausforderungen für die Bau‐, Verkehrs‐ und Energieunternehmen, aber auch die Einsatzorganisationen hinsichtlich der Herstellung, der Erhaltung und Wartung sowie der Gewährleistung der Sicherheit für die Nutzer der Infrastrukturen führt. Mit dem Projekt “Research@ZaB – Zentrum am Berg” wird eine für den Hohlraumbau fehlende Untertage‐Einrichtung zu Forschungs‐, Entwicklungs‐, Schulungs‐ und Trainingszwecken errichtet, die einerseits die Anforderungen der öffentlichen Institutionen erfüllen soll, aber gleichzeitig eine “Weiterentwicklungsfabrik” für private Unternehmen und für die zuständigen Universitäten darstellt.
A comparison study of multivariate fixed models and Gene Association with Multiple Traits (GAMuT) for next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Chiu Chi‐Yang , Jung Jeesun , Wang Yifan , Weeks Daniel E. , Wilson Alexander F. , Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. , Amos Christopher I. , Mills James L. , Boehnke Michael , Xiong Momiao , Fan Ruzong 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper, extensive simulations are performed to compare two statistical methods to analyze multiple correlated quantitative phenotypes: (1) approximate F‐distributed tests of multivariate functional linear models (MFLM) and additive models of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and (2) Gene Association with Multiple Traits (GAMuT) for association testing of high‐dimensional genotype data. It is shown that approximate F‐distributed tests of MFLM and MANOVA have higher power and are more appropriate for major gene association analysis (i.e., scenarios in which some genetic variants have relatively large effects on the phenotypes); GAMuT has higher power and is more appropriate for analyzing polygenic effects (i.e., effects from a large number of genetic variants each of which contributes a small amount to the phenotypes). MFLM and MANOVA are very flexible and can be used to perform association analysis for (i) rare variants, (ii) common variants, and (iii) a combination of rare and common variants. Although GAMuT was designed to analyze rare variants, it can be applied to analyze a combination of rare and common variants and it performs well when (1) the number of genetic variants is large and (2) each variant contributes a small amount to the phenotypes (i.e., polygenes). MFLM and MANOVA are fixed effect models that perform well for major gene association analysis. GAMuT can be viewed as an extension of sequence kernel association tests (SKAT). Both GAMuT and SKAT are more appropriate for analyzing polygenic effects and they perform well not only in the rare variant case, but also in the case of a combination of rare and common variants. Data analyses of European cohorts and the Trinity Students Study are presented to compare the performance of the two methods.
Leveraging population information in family‐based rare variant association analyses of quantitative traits
Authors: Jiang Yu , Ji Yunqi , Sibley Alexander B. , Li Yi‐Ju , Allen Andrew S. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTConfounding due to population substructure is always a concern in genetic association studies. Although methods have been proposed to adjust for population stratification in the context of common variation, it is unclear how well these approaches will work when interrogating rare variation. Family‐based association tests can be constructed that are robust to population stratification. For example, when considering a quantitative trait, a linear model can be used that decomposes genetic effects into between‐ and within‐family components and a test of the within‐family component is robust to population stratification. However, this within‐family test ignores between‐family information potentially leading to a loss of power. Here, we propose a family‐based two‐stage rare‐variant test for quantitative traits. We first construct a weight for each variant within a gene, or other genetic unit, based on score tests of between‐family effect parameters. These weights are then used to combine variants using score tests of within‐family effect parameters. Because the between‐family and within‐family tests are orthogonal under the null hypothesis, this two‐stage approach can increase power while still maintaining validity. Using simulation, we show that this two‐stage test can significantly improve power while correctly maintaining type I error. We further show that the two‐stage approach maintains the robustness to population stratification of the within‐family test and we illustrate this using simulations reflecting samples composed of continental and closely related subpopulations.
Measurements of CO2‐brine relative permeability in Berea sandstone using pressure taps and a long core
Authors: Chen Xiongyu , Kianinejad Amir , A. DiCarlo David 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe measured CO2‐brine relative permeability by performing five steady‐state primary drainage experiments in a 116 mD Berea sandstone core at 20°C and 10.34 MPa. We used a long (60.8 cm) core and four pressure taps to study and minimize end effects that can plague CO2‐brine relative permeability measurements, and we obtained in situ saturation profiles using a medical X‐ray Computed Tomography (CT) scanner. We found that entrance and exit effects propagated ∼5 cm into the core, but the center sections of the core had uniform saturation. From the saturations and pressure drops, we obtained both CO2 and brine relative permeability in the center sections. We also obtained CO2 relative permeability at the entrance section where the brine saturation was lower and not uniform. The 15‐cm long exit section of the core had non‐uniform saturation and a measured pressure drop that was on the order of the capillary pressure and hence was unreliable for calculating relative permeability. We found that the CO2 and brine relative permeabilities determined in five experiments were consistent with each other and followed two simple Corey‐type models that are similar to those seen in oil‐brine relative permeability measurements. We discuss why end effects are much greater in the CO2‐brine system than in oil‐brine systems, and how this is a possible explanation of the low CO2 relative permeabilities recently reported for the CO2‐brine systems. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is Best–Worst Scaling Suitable for Health State Valuation? A Comparison with Discrete Choice Experiments
Authors: Krucien Nicolas , Watson Verity , Ryan Mandy 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHealth utility indices (HUIs) are widely used in economic evaluation. The best–worst scaling (BWS) method is being used to value dimensions of HUIs. However, little is known about the properties of this method. This paper investigates the validity of the BWS method to develop HUI, comparing it to another ordinal valuation method, the discrete choice experiment (DCE). Using a parametric approach, we find a low level of concordance between the two methods, with evidence of preference reversals. BWS responses are subject to decision biases, with significant effects on individuals' preferences. Non parametric tests indicate that BWS data has lower stability, monotonicity and continuity compared to DCE data, suggesting that the BWS provides lower quality data. As a consequence, for both theoretical and technical reasons, practitioners should be cautious both about using the BWS method to measure health‐related preferences, and using HUI based on BWS data. Given existing evidence, it seems that the DCE method is a better method, at least because its limitations (and measurement properties) have been extensively researched. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of interleukin‐6 and ‐8 expressions by methylmercury in human U937 macrophages involves RelA and p50
Authors: Yamamoto Megumi , Khan Noureen , Muniroh Muflihatul , Motomura Eriko , Yanagisawa Rie , Matsuyama Takami , Vogel Christoph F. A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe accumulation of macrophages has been observed around lesions of the brain in patients with Minamata disease. In this condition, mercury has been detected histochemically in macrophages throughout the brain. However, the role of macrophages in the neurotoxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) and the molecular mechanisms of their response to MeHg exposure remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated how MeHg affects the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8 in cultured human U937 macrophages. Compared with controls, IL‐6 and IL‐8 mRNA expression was maximally induced in U937 macrophages after treatment with 10 μM MeHg for 6 h. The protein secretion of IL‐6 and IL‐8 was significantly stimulated by MeHg in U937 macrophages. Results from luciferase reporter assay indicated functional activation of nuclear factor kappa B and the involvement of subunit RelA and p50 in MeHg‐induced IL‐6 and IL‐8 activation, which was confirmed by siRNA knockdown experiments. MeHg exposure at 4 μM also significantly induced IL‐8 expression in U‐87 MG cells at mRNA and protein level, indicating that IL‐8 induction might be a general mode of action of MeHg treatment among different cell types. These results indicate a possible involvement of an early inflammatory response, including IL‐6 and IL‐8 expression in the pathogenesis of MeHg. N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine suppressed MeHg‐induced activation of IL‐6 and IL‐8 mRNA expression in U937 macrophages, indicating the effectiveness of N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine as a therapeutic drug in MeHg‐induced inflammation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mulberroside A suppresses PXR‐mediated transactivation and gene expression of P‐gp in LS174T cells
Authors: Li Yuhua , Huang Ling , Sun Jiahong , Wei Xiaohua , Wen Jinhua , Zhong Guoping , Huang Min , Bi Huichang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMulberroside A (Mul A) is the main bioactive constituents of Sangbaipi, which is officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) has been recognized as the critical mediator of human P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) gene transactivation. In this study, the effect of Mul A on PXR‐mediated transactivation and gene expression of P‐gp was investigated. It was found that Mul A significantly suppressed PXR‐mediated P‐gp luciferase activity induced by rifampicin (Rif). Furthermore, Rif induced an elevation of P‐gp expression and transport activity, which was apparently suppressed by Mul A. However, Mul A did not suppress the P‐gp luciferase activity, P‐gp expression, and function in the absence of Rif. These findings suggest that Mul A suppresses PXR‐mediated transactivation and P‐gp expression induced by Rif. This should be taken into consideration to predict any potential herb–drug interactions when Mul A or Sangbaipi are co‐administered with Rif or other PXR agonist drugs.
Projective‐Planar Graphs with no K3, 4‐Minor. II
Authors: Maharry John , Slilaty Daniel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe authors previously published an iterative process to generate a class of projective‐planar K3, 4‐free graphs called “patch graphs.” They also showed that any simple, almost 4‐connected, nonplanar, and projective‐planar graph that is K3, 4‐free is a subgraph of a patch graph. In this article, we describe a simpler and more natural class of cubic K3, 4‐free projective‐planar graphs that we call Möbius hyperladders. Furthermore, every simple, almost 4‐connected, nonplanar, and projective‐planar graph that is K3, 4‐free is a minor of a Möbius hyperladder. As applications of these structures we determine the page number of patch graphs and of Möbius hyperladders.
Rational Design of High‐Performance Wide‐Bandgap (≈2 eV) Polymer Semiconductors as Electron Donors in Organic Photovoltaics Exhibiting High Open Circuit Voltages (≈1 V)
Authors: Chochos Christos L. , Katsouras Athanasios , Gasparini Nicola , Koulogiannis Chrysanthos , Ameri Tayebeh , Brabec Christoph J. , Avgeropoulos Apostolos 
Published: December 2016

Systematic optimization of the chemical structure of wide‐bandgap (≈2.0 eV) “donor–acceptor” copolymers consisting of indacenodithiophene or indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene as the electron‐rich unit and thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione as the electron‐deficient moiety in terms of alkyl side chain engineering and distance of the electron‐rich and electron‐deficient monomers within the repeat unit of the polymer chain results in high‐performance electron donor materials for organic photovoltaics. Specifically, preliminary results demonstrate extremely high open circuit voltages (V
ocs) of ≈1.0 V, reasonable short circuit current density (J
sc) of around 11 mA cm−2, and moderate fill factors resulting in efficiencies close to 6%. All the devices are fabricated in an inverted architecture with the photoactive layer processed by doctor blade equipment, showing the compatibility with roll‐to‐roll large‐scale manufacturing processes. From the correlation of the chemical structure—optoelectronic properties—photovoltaic performance, a rational guide toward further optimization of the chemical structure in this family of copolymers, has been achieved.
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Sensitive enhancement of vessel wall imaging with an endoesophageal Wireless Amplified NMR Detector (WAND)
Authors: Zeng Xianchun , Barbic Mladen , Chen Liangliang , Qian Chunqi 
Published: December 2016

PurposeTo improve the imaging quality of vessel walls with an endoesophageal Wireless Amplified NMR Detector (WAND).MethodsA cylindrically shaped double‐frequency resonator has been constructed with a single metal wire that is self‐connected by a pair of nonlinear capacitors. The double‐frequency resonator can convert wirelessly provided pumping power into amplified MR signals. This compact design makes the detector easily insertable into a rodent esophagus.ResultsThe detector has good longitudinal and axial symmetry. Compared to an external surface coil, the WAND can enhance detection sensitivity by at least 5 times, even when the distance separation between the region of interest and the detector's cylindrical surface is twice the detector's own radius. Such detection capability enables us to observe vessel walls near the aortic arch and carotid bifurcation with elevated sensitivity.ConclusionA cylindrical MRI detector integrated with a wireless‐powered amplifier has been developed as an endoesophageal detector to enhance detection sensitivity of vessel walls. This detector can greatly improve the imaging quality for vessel regions that are susceptible to atherosclerotic lesions. Magn Reson Med 78:2048–2054, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Aus DNA wird Solarzelle
Authors: Hofsäß Robert , Fritz Yannic , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: December 2016

AbstractJenseits ihrer biologischen Funktion dient DNA als Gerüst, um supramolekulare Chromophoraggregate herzustellen. Über die entstehende helikale Anordnung lassen sich die optoelektronischen Eigenschaften der Chromophore kontrollieren. Konjugiert mit Fullerenen eignen sich diese Architekturen für Solarzellen.
Das Wechselspiel von Theorie und Kristallographie
Authors: Grabowsky Simon 
Published: December 2016

AbstractQuantenkristallographie ist mehr als die Summe von Quantenchemie und Kristallographie. Mit ihr lassen sich aus Röntgenbeugungsexperimenten präzise und akkurate molekulare Strukturen sowie eine Wellenfunktion gewinnen, deren Informationsgehalt über den des quantenchemischen Ansatzes hinaus geht.