bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Fall Armyworm Larvae with Beauveria Bassiana Fungus, 1996
Authors: Reinert James A. , Maranz Steven J. , Knauf T. A. , Wiseman B. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Larvae of the fall armyworm annually cause damage to most of the warm-season turfgrasses. Terminal stolons of common bermudagrass were dipped in the appropriate dilutions of BioCide-TRF&#x99; (Mycotrol GH-ES) Beauveria bassiana (2.0 X 1013 conidia/qt), and placed on two water-saturated filter papers (for constant humidity) in each feeding chamber in the lab. Three randomly selected 5-d-old larvae were introduced into each 9-cm-diam. x 15-mm-deep plastic feeding chambers labeled for the respective treatment in a RCB design with 7 reps. Silwet (0.04%) was added to each treatment as a wetting agent to ensure good coverage. Treatments were observed daily for mortality.
Preventive Management of Annual Bluegrass Weevil with Halofenozide, and Imidacloprid Formulations on a Golf Course Fairway, 1997
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (70%) and Kentucky bluegrass (30%). Applications were made before dogwood was in full bloom. Treatment plots were 6 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed-air sprayer with four 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 272 ml of water/36 ft2 or delivering 2 gal water/1,000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker with top-dressing sand used to provide even distribution of product. At treatment time (15 Apr), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 50°F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 57°F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 46°F; RH, 70%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.375 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 18.1% sand, 78.3% silt, 3.6% clay; soil percent water content (percent by weight), 32.7%; organic matter, 10.7%; water pH, 7; soil pH, 5.9; application time, late morning; and partly cloudy skies. The experimental area was irrigated with 0.1 inch of water immediately after treatment. A total of 10.14 inches of rain was recorded from 25 Apr through 25 Jun, and 2.0 plus inches of snow was recorded from 18 Apr through 25 Apr. Post-treatment counts were made on on 25 Jun. Annual bluegrass weevil control was evaluated by removing two 4-inch cup cutter sod samples from each replicate and recording the total number of annual bluegrass weevil life stages (larva, pupa, adult) per sample. Totals were then converted to a ft2 count.
RH-0345 and Merit Timing to Manage Green June Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway, 1996
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fairway located in Lancaster, PA, consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (30%) and creeping bentgrass (70%). Treatment plots were 7 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 4 gal/1000 ft2. At the 1st treatment time (10 Jun), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature. 82° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 80° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 79° F; RH, 74%; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25 inch; soil type, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 21.3% sand, 59.4% silt, 19.3% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 26.1%; organic matter, 4.7%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.0; time of treatment, late morning; and partly cloudy skies. The experimental area received a 0.3-inch rainfall immediately following treatment. At the 2nd treatment time (15 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 78° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 78° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 76° F; RH, 80% amount of thatch, 0.0625-0.25 inch; soil type, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 21.3% sand, 59.4% silt, 19.3% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 29.0%; organic matter, 6.7%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.8; time of treatment, mid-morning; and cloudy skies. The experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inch of water immediately after product dried and 3.0 inches of rain were recorded from 13-14 Jul. At the 3rd treatment time (12 Aug), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 68° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 71° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 72° F; RH, 90%; amount of thatch, 0.0625-0.25 inch; soil type, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 21.3% sand, 59.4% silt, 19.3% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 33.9%; organic matter, 8.4%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.7; time of treatment, mid-morning; and cloudy skies. The experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inch of water immediately after product dried. Post-treatment counts were made on 9 Sep. The total number of greer June beetle larvae flushed to the surface following an application of Sevin 7.15 G over a 24-hr observation interval was recorded from each replicate.
Evaluation of Mach 2 and Merit Against First Generation Black Turfgrass Ataenius Larvae, 1997
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan , Lamarche Rachel , Hodgson Meggan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was conducted at Campbell’s Scottish Highlands Golf Club, Salem, NH. Five replications of 8 treatments were applied to a bluegrass fairway on 21 May one week past peak adult emergence. Each plot was 49 ft2; the plots were arranged in an RCB form. The liquid formulations were applied with a 2-wheel bicycle-type sprayer equipped with 4 spray heads; each head was fitted with an 8004 flattened fan-type nozzle with a 50-mesh strainer. All granulars were evenly applied with a large-holed commercial salt shaker. The volume of water and insecticide mix per plot was 2 gal/1000 ft2, applied by CO2 pressure at 40 psi. Natural rainfall irrigated the plots (0.1 inch). Weather conditions were as follows: air temp, 55°F; sky, partly cloudy; wind, 10 mph. Soil conditions were as follows: temp (1-inch), 55CF; texture, loam; sand, 66%; silt, 26%; clay, 8%; moisture, 20.95%; organic matter, 5.3%; pH, 7.2. On 22 Jul, a 2-ft2 section of each plot was rated for live larvae.
Effect of Post-Treatment Irrigation on Deltamethrin for Buffalograss Chinch Bug Control, 1997
Authors: Heng-Moss T. M. , Baxendale F. P. , Weinhold A. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In-secticides were evaluated for control of chinch bugs on a buffalograss seed production field near Murdock, NE. The turf (100% buffalograss) was maintained unmowed but was cut to a height of 2 inches prior to insecticide applications. Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was less than 0.125 inches. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6-7; water pH, 7.0. Environmental conditions at the time of treatment were as follows: soil moisture 11%; air temperature 80° F; soil temperature 79° F; relative humidity 73%; wind direction and velocity 126° at 6 mph. Plots were 6 X 10 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 27 Aug 1997. Granular treatments were applied by using a pre-calibrated 24H12 Gandy spreader. Liquid insecticides were applied using a CO2 sprayer with a TeeJet® 8002 nozzle at 30 psi and delivering 87 gpa finished spray. Post-treatment irrigation involved application of 0.5 or 0.125 inches water to designated plots using a sprinkling can. A total of 1.53 inches of rain fell during the post-treatment period. Treatments were evaluated 3, 7, and 21 DAT (30 Aug, 4, and 18 Sep) by removing from each plot three, 4.25-inch-diam turf-soil cores (0.3 ft2 total area) to a depth of 1 inch. Cores were placed in Berlese funnels and extracted chinch bugs were counted after 48 hr. Pre-treatment estimate of insect activity was 30+ chinch bugs/ft2.
Control of Green Peach Aphid on Hibiscus
Authors: Gerace Daniel , Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted on greenhouse-grown hibiscus in 3.5-inch pots, approximately 8-inch height. Individual plots consisted of single plants, arranged in a RCB design with five replications. Treatments were applied as a wetting drenab spray on 15 Feb. Evaluation consisted of whole plant counts of aphids on foliage.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Redlegged Grasshopper in a Pasture Adjacent to Mus-Tard Greens, 1997
Authors: McLeod Paul 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A forage pasture composed primarily of fescue was sprayed with different insecticides to prevent redlegged grasshoppers from moving into adjacent mustard greens. The study was located in a commercial pasture in Fayetteville, AR. Insecticides were applied with a bicycle sprayer equipped with 10 TeeJet 80015 nozzles calibrated to deliver 16.1 gpa at 2.4 mph. Treatments were applied 21 Sep in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plot size was 60 X 75 ft. Adult redlegged grasshoppers were counted just prior to treatment and at 1 and 3 DAT. On each observation date, two counts of flying grasshoppers were made by 1 observer while walking through each plot.
Efficacy of Halofenozide and Imidacloprid Treatments, Applied Two Months Prior to Oviposition, for Suppression of Japanese Beetle White Grubs, 1997
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area located in University Park, PA, consisted primarily of perennial ryegrass (100%). Treatment plots were 8 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 727 ml of water/48 ft2 or delivering 4 gal/1000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with fine top dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. Three white PVC cylinders (8-inch diam X 6-inch height) were placed in each replicate and secured in place. Twenty-five adult JB were placed within each cylinder and maintained inside by covering individual cylinders with white shade cloth to allow oviposition by adult females. The cylinders were removed after the death of the beetles. At treatment time (19 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 83° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 72° F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 70° F; RH, 65%; amount of thatch, 0.0625-0.5 inch; soil textural class, silty clay loam; soil particle size analysis: 13.5% sand, 48.9% silt, 37.6% clay; organic matter, 5.6%; soil percent water content (percent by weight), 23.0; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.6; treatments were applied in mid-afternoon; and partly sunny skies. The experimental area was irrigated with 0.1 inch of water after treatments had dried. The area received extensive post irrigation watering because of the extremely dry weather conditions with 5.5 inches applied from Jul 2 through Jul 17. Additional irrigation was applied on an as needed basis. Post-treatment counts were completed on 16 Sep. Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs/ft2 was recorded.
Timing Study to Evaluate Product Performance of RH-0345 and Imidacloprid to Suppress Green June Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1996
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fairway located in Lancaster County, PA, consisted primarily of perennial ryegrass (80%) and creeping bentgrass (50%). Treatment plots were 7 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 4 gal/1000 ft2. At the 1st treatment time (4 Jun), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 68° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 64° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 62° F; RH, 67%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inch; soil type, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 30.7% sand, 61.9% silt, 7.4% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 28.3%; organic matter, 5.6%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.1; time of treatment, mid-morning; and overcast skies. The experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inch of water 3 fir after treatment. At the 2nd treatment time (15 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 78° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 74° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 75° F; RH, 75%; amount of thatch, 0.0625-0.125 inch; soil type; silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 30.7% sand, 61.9% silt, 7.4% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 37.7%; organic matter, 7.2%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.9; time of treatment, mid-morning; and cloudy skies. The experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inch of water immediately after product dried. A the 3rd treatment time (12 Aug), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 65° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 69° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 69° F; RH, 90%; amount of thatch, 0.0625-0.125 inch; soil type, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 30.7% sand, 61.9% silt, 7.4% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 40.0%; organic matter, 5.7%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.5; time of treatment, early morning; and cloudy skies. The experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inch of water immediately after product dried. Post-treatment counts were made on 29 Aug. The total number of green of June beetle larvae flushed to the surface following an application of Sevin SL over a 24-hr observation interval was recorded from each replicate.
Greenhouse Whitefly Control of Salvia, 1997
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. , Williams M. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Salvia plants were started from seeds in 25" X 14" tubs at the Pesticide Research Center greenhouses at Michigan State University on 7 May. These 3 tubs were surrounded by fully grown zinnia plants that had large numbers of white-fly. The larger Zinnia plants had previously been placed in a research greenhouse with a long history of whitefly problems. After the Salvia from the tubs grew to approximately 1 to 2 inches, they were replanted into individual 6" clay pots. The plants were irrigated with 120 mL of water daily, with a drip irrigation system. Plants were also fertilized with Peters 20-20-20 at 1000 ppm biweekly. Pre-treatment counts were made on 19 Jun by taking five leaves per plant and counting the number of eggs and larvae on the bottom of the leaves using a dissecting scope. Treatments were blocked by using an adjusted precount. The adjusted precounts represented 33% of the eggs added to the total number of larvae. Each treatment was replicated 6 times. Due to the number of treatments, the test was arranged in several blocks, each with an untreated check. Single application granular treatments were all applied on 25 Jun and spray applications were applied on 25 Jun, 2 Jul, and 9 Jul. A hand-held R&D CO2 sprayer with an 8003 nozzle at 50 psi was used. Whitefiles were counted by collecting leaves on 2 Jul, 17 Jul, 22 Jul and examining in the same manner as for the precounts.
Rescue Treatments for Control of Leafcurl Ash Aphid, 1997
Authors: Bishop R. Jason , Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted in Ft. Collins, CO on potted green ash, approximately 6 ft in height, that showed high levels of terminal infestations by leafcurl ash aphid. Plots consisted of 10 trees, arranged in a CR design. Applications were made to infested terminals on 20 June, using a hand-operated compressed air sprayer to point of run-off. Evaluations were made 25 Jun, examining a single symptomatic terminal from each tree and counting all living aphids remaining.
Control of Hawthorn Mealybug, 1997
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Gerace Dan , Demirel Nihat , McElwey Sally 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in Ft. Collins, CO on established English hawthorn, heavily infested by hawthorn mealybug, growing at the Plant Environmental Research Center, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO. Individual plots consisted of single infested branches and plot design was a RCB with four replications. Treatments were applied 26 May to point of run-off. At application, adult females were present and all were swelling rapidly with maturing eggs.
Toxicity of Three Formulations of Bacillus Thuringiensis Against Diamondback Moth, 1996
Authors: Ivey P. W. , Johnson S. J. , Story Richard 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A leaf-dip assay was used to test three commercial formulations of B. thuringiensis Berliner: Agree 50 WP, Dipel ES, and XenTari AS, against diamondback moth. Concentrations ([AI]/liter) were based on dilution series using the recommended “field” rates of the three formulations of B. thuringiensis. Dipel and Xen-Tari were tested at concentrations of 2.5, 0.25, 0.025, 0.0025, and 0.00025 [ml (AI)/liter]; Agree was tested at concentrations of 3.0, 0.3, 0.03, 0.003, and 0.0003 [g(AI)/liter]. Disks (20 mm diam) were cut from leaves of the above cabbage cultivar. Each disk was dipped into each test solution and hung vertically to dry at room temperature for about 1 h and then placed in petri dishes (100 X 15 mm) on top of a moistened filter peper (90 mm diameter). Five third instars were placed on each leaf disk in each petri dish and allowed to feed for 96 h, after which mortality was recorded. A larva was considered dead if it did not move when prodded with forceps. Tests with each concentration and the untreated control (distilled water) were replicated five times.
Impact of Various Adjuvants with Agri-Mek for Control of European Red Mites on Apple, 1997
Authors: Wise John C. , Gut Larry J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Agri-Mek with various penetrating adjuvants was applied to mature apple trees at the Trevor Nichols Research Complex in Fennville, MI (Brown and Green blocks) at a rate of 100 gpa with an FMC CP 3000 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of 20 tree plots (.17 acre), replicated 4 times. Applications of materials were made on 18 Jun (1C, 10 days after petal fall). Sevin, Guthion, Captan, Nova, Syllit, Dithane, Sulfur, andRu-bigan were applied separately to all treatments. Mite evaluations were done on 18 Jun, 2 Jul, 17 Jul, and 31 Jul by picking 50 randomly selected leaves from two center trees of each replicate for a total of 200 leaves per treatment. Mite counts were made by brushing leaves in a mite-brushing machine, counting eggs as well as motile forms of ERM under a microscope. Mean mite data are reported as mites per leaf.
Seasonal Insecticide Evaluation for Pear Psylla, 1997
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Krawczyk Grzegorz 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to single-tree replicated plots in a block of ‘Bartlett’ (84%), ‘Bosc’ (9%), and ‘D’Anjou’ (7%) pears. Trees were planted to a spacing of 24 X 24 ft and were 18 years old. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. All plots except the dilute treatment of M-96-018 were applied with an Friend Airblast ‘393’ sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 2.1 mph. The dilute treatment of M-96-018 was treated with a handgun at 400 psi from a truck-mounted sprayer equipped with a Kohler 23-gpm pump. All plots received a regular fungicide maintenance schedule of Benlate 50 DF, Agrimycin, and Ziram 76 WP. All treatments were evaluated by counting eggs and/or nymphs from leaf samples using a binocular microscope under 10X magnification at 4-17 day intervals. Counts were made on 15 spur leaf samples from 5 May to 27 May, on 8 spur and 7 third most distal leaf samples on 2 Jun, and on 15 third most distal leaf samples from 9 Jun until 10 Jul. The cumulative number of PP nymph days per leaf was determined for each treatment from 5 May to 10 Jul. Adult PP were sampled by making a 2-min observation around the periphery of each tree. Russet evaluations were done on pear fruits (30 per replicate). Each replicate was rated as 0 (no russet), 1 (raised lenticels), 2 (1-10% russeted surface), 3 (11-25% russeted surface), 4 (26-50% russeted surface), or 5 (&gt;51% rus-seted surface). The individual ratings were added to calculate a russet rating for each replicate. Possible ranges for the replicate russet ratings (and esti-mate of range of % of surface russeted) are 0-30 (none to raised lenticels), 31-60 (raised lenticels to 1-10% russeted surface), 61-90 (1-10% to 11-25% russeted surface), 91-120 (11-25% to 26-50% russeted surface), and 121-150 (26-50% to &gt;51% russeted surface). Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season.
Efficacy of Bt Corn Hybrids Compared to Pre-Plant, Planting-Time, Pre-Emergence, and Rescue Insec-Ticide Treatments for Black Cutworm Control, 1997
Authors: Shaw J. T. , Finger J. W. , Steffey K. L. , Gray M. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Each plot consisted of four rows by 40 feet long, with treatments applied tc the center two rows, leaving two untreated rows between each plot. A RCB design with four replications was used. Two untreated check plots were includec in each replication and were averaged for ANOVA. Fifteen third- to fourth-instar laboratory reared BCW larvae were placed in each barrier arena on 2’. May. Corn plants within each barrier were in the Vl-2 stage (Iowa State Special Report, No. 48), at the time of larval release. The larvae used in this tes were supplied by Dr. Armon Keaster and Mary Jackson of the University of Missouri. Pre-plant insecticide treatments were applied with a CO2 back-pack sprayer utilizing four 8003VS nozzles calibrated to deliver 18.7 gpa at 25 psi, broadcast over what would become the center two rows of the four-row plots Planting-time granular insecticides were metered through Noble units mounted on each of the center 2 planter units. These granules were applied in a 7-incl band ahead of the firming wheels on the planter. Spring tines mounted behind each planter unit were used to incorporate insecticides into the soil. Planting time microtube liquid treatments of (Regent 4SC 0.13 lb(AI)/acre and Regent 4SC 0.13 lb(AI)/acre + Pounce 3.2 EC 0.05 lb(AI)/acre) were applied usinj microtubes directed into the furrow and calibrated to deliver 1.0 gpa at 20 psi. Planting-time banded liquid treatments of (Regent 4 SC 0.13 lb (AI)/acre anc Regent 4 SC 0.13 lb (AI)/acre + Pounce 3.2 EC 0.05 lb (AI)/acre) were applied with two 80067 TeeJet nozzles (1 per row), in a 7-inch band, with a compressed-air system calibrated to deliver 3.3 gap at 16 psi and a speed of 2.5 mph. Pre-emergence insecticide treatments were applied with a CO, back-pack sprayer utilizing 4 8003VS nozzles calibrated to deliver 18.7 gpa at 25 psi, over the center two rows of the four-row plots. Rescue insecticide treatment; were applied utilizing the same equipment used for the pre-emergence treatments over the center two rows of the four-row plots.
Acaricide Evaluation, 1997
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a ⅓-acre block of 12-yr-old trees on M.26 rootstock. Trees measured 11.5 ft in height and 10.5 ft in width and were planted at a spacing of 10 X 15 ft. The experiment involved 4 single-tree replications in a RCB design, with each replicate surrounded by at least one unsprayed tree on each side. Treatments were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the trees with an FMC Economist airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.2 mph and delivered a spray volume of 75 gpa. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Asana, COCS, Dithane, Guthion, Lannate, Nova, Penncap-M, Penncozeb, Provado, Topsin-M, and Ziram. Control of European red mite was evaluated by sampling 25 leaves per tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope.