bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crucible‐Free Preparation of Transition‐Metal Borides: HfB2
Authors: Henschel Anne , Binnewies Michael , Schmidt Marcus , Borrmann Horst , Grin Yuri 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study gives an account of an innovative, crucible‐free technique for the synthesis of single‐phase borides at relatively moderate temperatures. A metal wire heated by an electrical current reacts with a chosen gaseous boron halide in a gas/solid reaction yielding a single‐phase, oxygen‐ and carbon‐free product, as evidenced by X‐ray powder diffraction and chemical analysis. This method is demonstrated using the example of hafnium reacting with boron tribromide. Preliminary thermodynamic considerations show that this kind of crucible‐free synthesis specifically enables the preparation of borides of transition metals and similar elements.
Comparative “nocebo effects” in older patients enrolled in cancer therapeutic trials: Observations from a 446‐patient cohort
Authors: Foster Jared C. , Le‐Rademacher Jennifer G. , Feliciano Josephine L. , Gajra Ajeet , Seisler Drew K. , DeMatteo Ronald , Lafky Jacqueline M. , Hurria Arti , Muss Hyman B. , Cohen Harvey J. , Jatoi Aminah 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDA nocebo is an inert substance associated with adverse events. Although previous studies have examined the positive (placebo) effects of such inert substances, few have examined negative (nocebo) adverse event profiles, particularly in older patients who have higher morbidity and can experience frequent and severe adverse events from cancer therapy.METHODSThis study focused on placebo/nocebo‐exposed patients who participated in 2 double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cancer therapeutic studies, namely, North Central Cancer Therapy Group trial NCCTG 97‐24‐51 and American College of Surgeons Oncology Group trial Z9001, with the goal of reporting the comparative, age‐based adverse event rates, as reported during the conduct of these trials.RESULTSAmong the 446 patients who received only placebo/nocebo and who were the focus of the current report, 161 were aged ≥65 years at the time of respective trial entry, and 5234 adverse events occurred. Unadjusted adverse event rates did not differ significantly between patients aged ≥65 years and younger patients (rate ratio, 1.01; 99% confidence interval, 0.47‐2.02), and the findings were similar findings for grade 2 or worse adverse events and for all symptom‐driven adverse events (for example, pain, loss of appetite, anxiety). Adjustment for sex, ethnicity, baseline performance score, and individual trial resulted in no significant age‐based differences in adverse event rates. Similar findings were observed with an age threshold of 70 years.CONCLUSIONSAdverse events are equally common in older and younger cancer patients who are exposed to nocebo and thus require the same degree of clinical consideration regardless of age. Cancer 2017;123:4193–4198. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Alcohol‐Based Sensitizer–Semiconductor Linkages Towards Improved Interfacial Electron Transfer Kinetics
Authors: Beauvilliers Evan E. , Malewschik Talita , Meyer Gerald J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA series of four ruthenium complexes with alcohol binding groups of the general form [Ru(dtb)2(LL)](PF6)2 (where dtb is 4,4′‐(tert‐butyl)2‐2,2′‐bipyridine and LL is an alcohol‐containing ligand) were anchored to mesoporous TiO2 thin films. The complexes were found to sensitize light‐driven electron‐transfer reactivity of TiO2 to the visible region and the complexes were hence termed sensitizers. The kinetics and yields of interfacial electron transfer were quantified on the nanosecond and longer timescales. The stability under oxidizing and light excitation conditions was assessed by spectroscopic methods. Comparative analysis with the more commonly utilized dicarboxylic acid containing ligand revealed that the sensitizer bearing two terminal CH2OH groups was found to have more efficient electron injection and slower back electron transfer.
Development of Hybrid Small Sensor Module for Measuring Both Electroencephalogram and Cortical Hemoglobin Concentration
Authors: SAITO ATSUSHI , SANKAI YOSHIYUKI 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study is to develop a small hybrid sensor module that is integrated an active electrode and an optical device, and to confirm the basic performances of the sensor module and the capability to measure brain activities. The active electrode is composed of an electrode plate and a preamplifier. The optical device is composed of a laser diode, photo‐diodes, and preamplifiers. In order to confirm the basic performances, we measured the frequency response and the noise density of the electrode, the frequency response of the optical detector, the stability of the light source, and the response to hemoglobin concentration change. All of the basic performances were enough to measure brain activities. In order to confirm the capability to measure brain activity, an electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement experiment and a cortical hemoglobin concentration measurement experiment were carried out. EEG signals of alpha wave region were significantly weak during light stimuli (p<0.05). Cortical hemoglobin concentration signals were significantly strong during Stroop test (p<0.05). In conclusion, we developed the small hybrid sensor module and confirmed the basic performance and the capability to measure brain activities.
A Stability Analysis Method for Biochemical Reaction System with Inhibitory Feedback Loop
Authors: NAKAKUKU TAKASHI 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYIn this study, we propose an application methodology of the Nyquist criterion for biochemical reaction systems with the biological negative feedback loops. The molecular robot or a real biochemical reaction system such as an intracellular signal transduction system utilizes negative feedback regulation to enhance the stability and robustness. However, since such a system tends to be a high dimensional, nonlinear, and complex system with multiple feedback loops, it is troublesome to quantitatively evaluate the stability margin of the whole system in terms of a particular feedback loop. We show that by modifying the system gain the Nyquist criterion can be appreciable for this problem, and as a result the stability margin can be calculated.
Development of a Compact Synchrotron for Proton Beam Therapy
Authors: EBINA FUTARO , UMEZAWA MASUMI , NISHIUCHI HIDEAKI , AOKI TAKAMICHI , HIRAMOTO KAZUO , MATSUDA KOUJI , UMEGAKI KIKUO , FURUSAKA MICHIHIRO 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYThis research aims to develop a compact synchrotron dedicated for proton beam therapy using a scanning irradiation method. The effective length and magnetic uniformity of the bending magnets in the synchrotron were analyzed by 3D static magnetic field calculations. The calculation results indicate that the shape of the bending magnet satisfies the specification for beam stability. A push–pull multifeed‐driven technique allows shortening the length of the FINEMET RF acceleration cavity for the synchrotron from 600 mm to 450 mm. The circumference of the synchrotron is 18 m, which is the world's most compact size for proton beam therapy.
Size and variation in individual growth rates among food web modules
Authors: Granados Monica , Altshuler Ianina , Plourde Stéphane , Fussmann Gregor F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe complexity of food webs can be reduced to fundamental modules of trophic interactions that repeat to form reticulate webs. Omnivory, defined as feeding on more than one trophic level, is a module that is found in food webs more often than predicted by chance, likely because it confers stability. Yet, little is known about how omnivore and other food web modules affect individuals in the food web. Here, we constructed four different experimental food web modules using a blue mussel predator, zooplankton consumer, and phytoplankton resource. By manipulating the predator's access to the consumer and providing resource subsidies, we produced exploitative competition, food chain and omnivory food web modules, and a consumer‐resource interaction. We used RNA:DNA ratios to measure the growth rate of the consumer in each food web. In 24‐h experiments, growth rates of the consumer in the omnivory food web were significantly higher and more variable than in the other modules. Our results suggest that higher growth rates and variation at the individual scale may weaken the strength of predator–consumer interactions and help explain the ubiquity of omnivory in real food webs.
DISCOVERING THE STRATEGY FOR WHOLE SYSTEM MODELING
Authors: Ring Jack 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an interim report of an inquiry into the strategy for evolving to a whole system modeling capability. The ability to accurately anticipate the behaviour of a whole system is key to system engineering of all kinds. Currently, it is the larger unknown. A strategy specifies the allocation and scheduling of capabilities that will moderate impediments sufficiently to enable achievement of objectives. Pending refinement, the objective for the year 2015 envisions approximately 100,000 practitioners performing whole system modelling, worldwide, at ten‐fold better productivity and innovation than exists today. The inquiry to date has identified impediments, selected key impediments, and discovered their relative influence pattern. Also identified is a key subset of foreseeable capabilities that could moderate the impediments. The gap between these two profiles indicates our profession's readiness to meet the challenge. This paper presents the results to date and describes work remaining.
CAN SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SUPPORT AN OWNER OPERATOR ORGANISATION WHEN FACED WITH THE CHALLENGE OF BEING A DESIGN AUTHORITY?
Authors: Cowper Doug , Krolikowski Andrew , Gallagher Ian , McGrogan Nick 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTOver the years, acquisition methodologies, such as best value procurement (BVP), have resulted in a shift in engineering procurement where large organisations increasingly ask their supply chain to take on the responsibility for part of, or overall, system design. However, just handing over a set of requirements to a supplier and then waiting for them to deliver is a high‐risk strategy especially with novel/complex programmes. To reduce the risk of problems and to comply with some regulatory environments, the intelligent customer needs to take design responsibility, focusing on technically assuring that the system will be fit for purpose. This paper explores the issues facing an owner operator who needs to be the design authority, identifies aspects of systems engineering that require further work to support an owner design authority, and shows how systems engineering can support a design authority on a complex systems programme, in such a shared design management arrangement and regulated environment.
PRINCIPLES OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT: REFLECTIONS FROM 45 YEARS OF SPACECRAFT TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AT THE MULLARD SPACE SCIENCE LABORATORY
Authors: Emes Michael R. , Smith Alan , James Adrian M. , Whyndham Matthew W. , Leal Raúl , Jackson Simon C. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBased on 45 years of experience conducting research and development into spacecraft instrumentation and 13 years experience teaching systems engineering in a range of industries, the Mullard Space Science Laboratory at UCL has identified a set of guiding principles that have been invaluable in delivering successful projects in the most demanding of environments. The five principles are: ‘principles govern process,’ ‘seek alternative systems perspectives,’ ‘understand the enterprise context,’ ‘integrate systems engineering and project management,’ and ‘invest in the early stages of projects.’ A common thread behind the principles is a desire to foster the ability to anticipate and respond to a changing environment with a constant focus on achieving long‐term value for the enterprise. These principles applied in space projects have been spun‐out to non‐space projects (primarily through UCL's Centre for Systems Engineering). They are in UCL's extensive teaching and professional training programme.
AN MBSE APPROACH TO SUPPORT ORGANISATIONAL REFORM OF THE ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY
Authors: Do Quoc , Gahan CMDR Malcolm , Davidson CMDR Colin 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a unique MBSE approach to enterprise modelling using a combination of IDEF0 functional modelling method. We applied this approach to the modelling of the engineering and administrative processes of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). We developed the model named Materiel Seaworthiness Functional Master Set (MS FMS). Importantly, the MS FMS initiative drive comes from the top‐down by the Head of Navy Engineering, Rear Admiral Mick Uzzell AM. He wants assurance that all organisational entities in the large and complex environment of Navy, Defence Groups, and Industry are performing the right functions in a coordinated way to continuously deliver seaworthy materiel (ships, submarines and support items). We are piloting an analytical capability using the well‐established Multi‐attribute Value Analysis (MVA) method named the FMS Traffic Light System that aims to facilitate “what if ” analysis, ascertain functional health status, and inform high‐level organisational resource allocation and strategic planning to further the quest to balance efficient delivery with efficient resource allocation.
SUBSEA OIL PRODUCTION: THE DESIGN BASIS
Authors: Piciaccia Luca A. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe origination of the design basis document for subsea production systems (SPS) in the oil industry is a challenging task. The completeness and correctness of the design basis is crucial for the successful execution of the project in safety, technical, and commercial terms.This work aims to establish, through systems engineering and through information models (model‐based systems engineering (MBSE)), how the SPS design basis should be optimally developed. The MBSE is integrated into this work by the theory of transactional processing, which is implicit in the universal thought process when using behavioral models but seldom explicitly referred to.The current industry practice for developing an SPS design basis is compared to the suggested optimal process. The work constitutes the foundation for the revised design basis issuing procedure and the design review practice for the Aker Solutions worldwide subsea business.This work is part of a PhD at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
OVERCOMING ENGINEERING CHALLENGES OF PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE USER INTERFACE TO A LARGE SCALE DISTRIBUTED SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENT ON THE US TERAGRID: A SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SUCCESS STORY
Authors: Kalawsky Roy S. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTOver recent years’ large‐scale distributed synthetic environment enterprises have been evolving in a diverse range of scientific and engineering fields. These computer modelling and simulation systems are increasing in scale and dimension in order to allow scientists and engineers to explore the attributes and emergent properties of a given system design. Within the field of computational science, the grid facilitates very large‐scale collaborative simulation enterprises. The grid is similar to distributed interactive simulation/high level architecture (DIS/HLA) in that it supports interconnectivity but differs in the sense that it supports intercommunication of large super computing resources. An important factor in the rapid adoption of the grid has been its role in enabling access to significant supercomputing resources not usually available at a single institution. However, the major challenge for the grid has been the lack of an effective and ubiquitous interface to the huge computational resource (which can comprise over 6000 CPUs distributed across the globe) at any time and from any location. This paper describes a unique user interface built on systems engineering principles and practices to solve the problem of delivering real‐time interaction (from lightweight computing devices such as personal digital assistants, commonly known as tablet devices, to high end computing platforms) with simulations delivering high resolution 3D images. The application of our work has far reaching benefits for many sectors including: aerospace, medical informatics, engineering design, distributed simulation, and modelling.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE ON THE UNIFIED ARCHITECTURE FRAMEWORK (UAF)
Authors: Hause Matthew , Bleakley Graham , Morkevicius Aurelijus 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTArchitecture frameworks continue to evolve. The unified profile for the US Department of Defense (DoD) Architecture Framework (DoDAF) and the UK Ministry of Defence Architecture Framework (MODAF) (UPDM) provides a standard means of representing DoDAF, MODAF, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) architecture framework (NAF) conformant architectures using the Unified Modeling Language (UML), and Systems Modeling Language (SysML). Since the UPDM V2.0 publication, further information has emerged such as the June 2011 NATO study entitled: “Development of The AMN (Afghanistan Mission Network) Architecture In 2010 – Lessons Learned,” by Torsten Graeber of the NATO C3 Agency. This report identified the following in section 4.1‐ARCHITECTURE FRAMEWORKS, sub‐section 4.1.2 Observations (Need for a Unified Architecture Framework) and stated that:

Differences in DoDAF, MODAF, and NAF make it difficult to match the metamodel one to one.
Some of the concepts in the frameworks have the same name but different definitions, such as different semantics.
Difficult to crosswalk the concepts between the different frameworks lead to miscommunication between architects using different frameworks.Based on the above, the NATO Architecture Capability Team (Architecture CaT) meeting on 10‐11 September 2012 committed to moving to a single worldwide architecture framework. Consequently, a new architecture framework profile supporting a unified framework is needed. It is intended that this framework bring the different architecture frameworks together. The UPDM V3.0 domain metamodel shall be derived from MODEM (the MODAF metamodel) and the DoDAF 2.0 metamodel (DM2), both of which are based on the International Defence Enterprise Architecture Specification Foundation (IDEAS). This paper will document the rationale behind the UPDM 3.0 as well as its new name of the unified architecture framework (UAF).
Cover Image, Volume 97, Issue 11
Authors: Wells Hannah C , Sizeland Katie H , Cooper Sue M , Kirby Nigel , Hawley Adrian , Mudie Stephen , Haverkamp Richard G 
Published: July 2017

The cover image, by Hannah C Wells et al., is based on the Research Article Deer leather: analysis of the microstructure affecting pebble, DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8199.
image
Heterogeneous community perspectives of emotional solidarity with tourists: Considering Antalya, Turkey
Authors: Woosnam Kyle M. , Erul Emrullah , Ribeiro Manuel A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis work examines emotional solidarity to determine to what extent residents' perceptions are heterogeneous by considering a host of sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables. An on‐site survey instrument was administered to 660 residents living in the popular Turkish tourism destination, Antalya. Psychometric results provide support for the employment of the Emotional Solidarity Scale and its factor structure in an international context. Significant differences in Emotional Solidarity Scale factor means were found across five variables (e.g., gender, age, education level, tourism employment status, and level of tourism dependence). Theoretical and practical implications are offered, as are the limitations and potential future research opportunities.
Improved autologous cortical bone harvest and viability with 2Flute otologic burs
Authors: Roth Adam A. , Tang Pei‐Ciao , Ye Michael J. , Mohammad Khalid S. , Nelson Rick F. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo determine if 2Flute (Stryker Corporation, Kalamazoo, MI) otologic burs improve the size, cellular content, and bone healing of autologous cortical bone grafts harvested during canal wall reconstruction (CWR) tympanomastoidectomy with mastoid obliteration.Study DesignInstitutional review board‐approved prospective cohort study.MethodsHuman autologous cortical bone chips were harvested using various burs (4 and 6 mm diameter; multiflute, and 2Flute [Stryker Corporation]) from patients undergoing CWR tympanomastoidectomy for the treatment of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. Bone chip size, cell counts, cellular gene expression, and new bone formation were quantified.ResultsBone chips were significantly larger when harvested with 2Flute (Stryker Corporation) bur compared to multiflute burs at both 6 mm diameter (113 ± 14 μm2 vs. 66 ± 8 μm2; P < 0.05) and 4 mm diameter (70 ± 8 μm2 vs. 50 ± 3 μm2; P < 0.05). After 2 weeks in culture, cell numbers were significantly higher when harvested with 2Flute (Stryker Corporation) bur compared to multiflute burs at both 6 mm diameter (48.7 ± 3 vs. 31.8 ± 3 cells/μg bone; P < 0.05) and 4 mm diameter (27.6 ± 1.2 vs. 8.8 ± 1.2 cells/μg bone; P < 0.05). Bone‐derived cells express osteoblast markers (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin). Cultured cells are able to form new bone in culture, and bone formation is facilitated by the presence of bone chips.ConclusionUse of 2Flute (Stryker Corporation) otologic burs for human autologous cortical bone harvest results in more viable bone fragments, with larger bone chips and more osteoblasts. Future studies are needed to determine if this leads to improved bone healing.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:E41–E46, 2018
Influence of multi‐wavelength laser irradiation of enamel and dentin surfaces at 0.355, 2.94, and 9.4 μm on surface morphology, permeability, and acid resistance
Authors: Chang Nai‐Yuan N. , Jew Jamison M. , Simon Jacob C. , Chen Kenneth H. , Lee Robert C. , Fried William A. , Cho Jinny , Darling Cynthia L. , Fried Daniel 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveUltraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) lasers can be used to specifically target protein, water, and mineral, respectively, in dental hard tissues to produce varying changes in surface morphology, permeability, reflectivity, and acid resistance. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of laser irradiation and topical fluoride application on the surface morphology, permeability, reflectivity, and acid resistance of enamel and dentin to shed light on the mechanism of interaction and develop more effective treatments.MethodsTwelve bovine enamel surfaces and twelve bovine dentin surfaces were irradiated with various combinations of lasers operating at 0.355 (Freq.‐tripled Nd:YAG (UV) laser), 2.94 (Er:YAG laser), and 9.4 μm (CO2 laser), and surfaces were exposed to an acidulated phosphate fluoride gel and an acid challenge. Changes in the surface morphology, acid resistance, and permeability were measured using digital microscopy, polarized light microscopy, near‐IR reflectance, fluorescence, polarization sensitive‐optical coherence tomography (PS‐OCT), and surface dehydration rate measurements.ResultsDifferent laser treatments dramatically influenced the surface morphology and permeability of both enamel and dentin. CO2 laser irradiation melted tooth surfaces. Er:YAG and UV lasers, while not melting tooth surfaces, showed markedly different surface roughness. Er:YAG irradiation led to significantly rougher enamel and dentin surfaces and led to higher permeability. There were significant differences in acid resistance among the various treatment groups.ConclusionSurface dehydration measurements showed significant changes in permeability after laser treatments, application of fluoride and after exposure to demineralization. CO2 laser irradiation was most effective in inhibiting demineralization on enamel while topical fluoride was most effective for dentin surfaces. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:913–927, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.