bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les inventeurs prolifiques comme déterminants des performances technologiques des firmes
Authors: Le Bas Christian 
Published: May 2016

L’analyse menée dans cet article prend appui sur la récente littérature soulignant l’importance des inventeurs très productifs pour expliquer les performances technologiques des firmes. Notre contribution est triple : on étudie la performance technologique des firmes dans son champ technologique dominant, nous travaillons sur des firmes de tous les secteurs, on utilise l’indicateur des avantages technologiques révélés comme proxy pour les performances technologiques des firmes. Les données sont issues de la base de brevets du NBER. Les estimations faites confirment que les inventeurs prolifiques et les inventeurs hautement prolifiques (les stars) contribuent aux performances technologiques des firmes. Nos résultats indiquent que les stars contribuent plus que les inventeurs simplement prolifiques. Codes JEL : D22, O31, O32
L’émergence d’une stratégie d’innovation pérenne en très petite entreprise (TPE) : retour sur expérience d’une petite cave coopérative vinicole
Authors: Ceccaldi Valérie 
Published: May 2016

L’examen minutieux de l’élaboration d’une stratégie, en TPE, permet de concevoir le principe d’« innovation ». En effet, son fonctionnement, centralisé, oblige à tenir compte des pensées, des visions et du rôle de l’entrepreneur dans chacune des phases de cette construction. L’environnement instable dans lequel vivent les entreprises depuis plus de trois décennies, demande une grande souplesse managériale. Ainsi, alors même que le cheminement stratégique semble suivre un plan défini en amont, sa réalisation surprend par l’importance donnée aux initiatives et aux actes d’apprentissage. Dans ces conditions, peut-on envisager que l’innovation soit pérenne ? La réponse à cette question dépendra du projet imaginé par le dirigeant et de sa motivation à dynamiser le cadre vertueux de sa réalisation. Codes JEL : M190
Le crowdsourcing au service de la collecte d’informations marketing : le cas Clic and Walk
Authors: Renault Sophie 
Published: May 2016

Le déploiement des Technologies de l’Innovation et de la Communication (TIC) permet aux organisations d’avoir recours à un fournisseur singulier : la foule. Il est alors question de crowdsourcing pour qualifier cette forme d’externalisation. En matière de crowdsourcing tous les individus parmi la foule sont susceptibles d’apporter leurs ressources et compétences afin de générer de la valeur pour une organisation. Tandis que la contribution de la foule s’exerce dans de nombreux registres, notre recherche s’intéresse plus spécifiquement à la mobilisation de la foule dans un processus de collecte d’informations marketing. Dans une perspective qualitative, fondée sur l’étude de cas Clic and Walk, nous analysons les caractéristiques et les enjeux associés à cette modalité de crowdsourcing . Codes JEL : O32
Les circuits courts alimentaires « pour tous », outils d’analyse de l’innovation sociale
Authors: Chiffoleau Yuna , Paturel Dominique 
Published: May 2016

Le renouveau des circuits courts alimentaires en France croise la problématique de l’innovation sociale à travers l’émergence d’initiatives visant à faciliter l’accès des consommateurs précaires à une alimentation de qualité. Cet article montre l’intérêt d’analyser ces initiatives pour comprendre les mécanismes de construction de l’innovation sociale et explorer les conditions de son changement d’échelle. L’approche repose sur un croisement entre sociologie économique et approche par le care , permettant d’intégrer les personnes et le contexte socio-politique dans l’analyse des dynamiques relationnelles qui construisent l’innovation. Basés sur deux études de cas, les résultats montrent en quoi l’innovation sociale se développe à travers de nouveaux types de liens et de ressources valorisant l’expérience de la vie quotidienne. Ils invitent à penser que sa portée transformatrice tient à la fois aux produits découplés de ces liens et à l’évolution des statuts des personnes. L’article appelle à approfondir l’analyse de l’innovation sociale à travers les circuits courts et inversement. Codes JEL : O35, Q13, Q18, A13
Chebyshev-Legendre Spectral Domain Decomposition Method for Two-Dimensional Vorticity Equations
Authors: Wu Hua , Pan Jiajia , Zheng Haichuan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe extend the Chebyshev-Legendre spectral method to multi-domain case for solving the two-dimensional vorticity equations. The schemes are formulated in Legendre-Galerkin method while the nonlinear term is collocated at Chebyshev-Gauss collocation points. We introduce proper basis functions in order that the matrix of algebraic system is sparse. The algorithm can be implemented efficiently and in parallel way. The numerical analysis results in the case of one-dimensional multi-domain are generalized to two-dimensional case. The stability and convergence of the method are proved. Numerical results are given.
3D Simulations of Blood Flow Dynamics in Compliant Vessels: Normal, Aneurysmal, and Stenotic Arteries
Authors: Kim Yongsam , Park Yunyoung , Lim Sookkyung 
Published: May 2016

AbstractArterial diseases such as aneurysm and stenosis may result from the mechanical and/or morphological change of an arterial wall structure and correspondingly altered hemodynamics. The development of a 3D computational model of blood flow can be useful to study the hemodynamics in major blood vessels and may provide an insight into the noninvasive technique to detect arterial diseases in early stage. In this paper, we present a three-dimensional model of blood flow in the aorta, which is based on the immersed boundary method to describe the interaction of blood flow with the aortic wall. Our simulation results show that the hysteresis loop is evident in the pressure-diameter relationship of the normal aorta when the arterial wall is considered to be viscoelastic. In addition, it is shown that flow patterns and pressure distributions are altered in response to the change of aortic morphology.
Solving Maxwell's Equation in Meta-Materials by a CG-DG Method
Authors: Xie Ziqing , Wang Jiangxing , Wang Bo , Chen Chuanmiao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, an approach combining the DG method in space with CG method in time (CG-DG method) is developed to solve time-dependent Maxwell's equations when meta-materials are involved. Both the unconditional L2-stability and error estimate of order are obtained when polynomials of degree at most r is used for the temporal discretization and at most k for the spatial discretization. Numerical results in 3D are given to validate the theoretical results.
Computational Study of Traveling Wave Solutions of Isothermal Chemical Systems
Authors: Qi Yuanwei , Zhu Yi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article studies propagating traveling waves in a class of reaction-diffusion systems which model isothermal autocatalytic chemical reactions as well as microbial growth and competition in a flow reactor. In the context of isothermal autocatalytic systems, two different cases will be studied. The first is autocatalytic chemical reaction of order m without decay. The second is chemical reaction of order m with a decay of order n, where m and n are positive integers and m>n≥1. A typical system in autocatalysis is A+2B→3B and B→C involving two chemical species, a reactant A and an auto-catalyst B and C an inert chemical species.The numerical computation gives more accurate estimates on minimum speed of traveling waves for autocatalytic reaction without decay, providing useful insight in the study of stability of traveling waves.For autocatalytic reaction of order m = 2 with linear decay n = 1, which has a particular important role in chemical waves, it is shown numerically that there exist multiple traveling waves with 1, 2 and 3 peaks with certain choices of parameters.
Two-Grid Method for Miscible Displacement Problem by Mixed Finite Element Methods and Mixed Finite Element Method of Characteristics
Authors: Chen Yanping , Hu Hanzhang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe miscible displacement of one incompressible fluid by another in a porous medium is governed by a system of two equations. One is elliptic form equation for the pressure and the other is parabolic form equation for the concentration of one of the fluids. Since only the velocity and not the pressure appears explicitly in the concentration equation, we use a mixed finite element method for the approximation of the pressure equation and mixed finite element method with characteristics for the concentration equation. To linearize the mixed-method equations, we use a two-grid algorithm based on the Newton iteration method for this full discrete scheme problems. First, we solve the original nonlinear equations on the coarse grid, then, we solve the linearized problem on the fine grid used Newton iteration once. It is shown that the coarse grid can be much coarser than the fine grid and achieve asymptotically optimal approximation as long as the mesh sizes satisfy h = H2 in this paper. Finally, numerical experiment indicates that two-grid algorithm is very effective.
Oxygenation of the Newborn
Authors: Saugstad Ola D 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTNewborn infants in need of positive pressure ventilation at birth should initially be given 21% O2from term to gestational age 33 weeks. Gestational ages 29-32 weeks could be given initially FiO2of 0.21-0.30. For ≤ 28 weeks FiO2of 0.30 or more should be given initially. FiO2should then be adjusted according to the oxygen saturation response assessed by pulse oximetry.After delivery room stabilisation oxygen saturation targets of 85-89% increases the risk of mortality and necrotizing enterocolitis. In spite an oxygen target of 90-95% increases the risk of ROP this is presently the recommended range.How to cite this articleSaugstad OD. Oxygenation of the Newborn. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(2):170-171.
Cell-free DNA Testing: Where are We now?
Authors: Goynumer Gokhan , Sen Cihat , Api Olus , Yayla Murat 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTPrenatal screening for fetal aneuploidies has been focused on mainly Down syndrome in the last 40 years. The method of screening has changed from maternal age in the 1970s, with a detection rate of 30 and 5% false positive rate (FPR), to a combination of maternal age and second-trimester serum biochemical markers (triple test and quadruple test) in the 1980s and 1990s, with 60 to 75% detection rate and 5% false positive rate (FPR). Following this, the era of first trimester screening for Down syndrome has started with the clinical implementation of fetal nuchal translucency screening. The combination of maternal age, NT thickness and serum free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (â-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) in the first trimester has yielded a 90% detection rate with a 5% FPR. Starting from the year 2008, studies have shown that the performance of screening may be improved by analysis of cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (cfDNA) in maternal blood. Several studies in the last few years have reported the clinical validation of cell free fetal DNA test in the maternal serum in screening for trisomies 21, 18, and 13 and sex chromosome aneuploidies.Its widespread use is limited by the relatively high cost of the test and the lack of consensus about the optimal way for its clinical implementation. Until the optimal way of incorporating cfDNA into the clinical practice gets identified, it would be wise not to substitute cfDNA testing in place of first-trimester screening for fetal defects and other major complications of pregnancy. Furthermore, it would be preferable for clinicians managing individual patients not to counsel them for their result as positive or negative, rather the clinicians should use the risk estimate from the first-line method of screening as the prior risk and modify this by the appropriate positive or negative likelihood ratio from the cfDNA test.How to cite this articleSen C, Api O, Yayla M, Goynumer G. Cell-free DNA Testing: Where are We now? Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(2):172-177.
Potential of polarization lidar to provide profiles of CCN- and INP-relevant aerosol parameters
Authors: Mamouri Rodanthi-Elisavet , Ansmann Albert 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. We investigate the potential of polarization lidar to provide vertical profiles of aerosol parameters from which cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) and ice nucleating particle (INP) number concentrations can be estimated. We show that height profiles of particle number concentrations n50, dry considering dry aerosol particles with radius  > 50 nm (reservoir of CCN in the case of marine and continental non-desert aerosols), n100, dry (particles with dry radius  >  100 nm, reservoir of desert dust CCN), and of n250, dry (particles with dry radius  >  250 nm, reservoir of favorable INP), as well as profiles of the particle surface area concentration sdry (used in INP parameterizations) can be retrieved from lidar-derived aerosol extinction coefficients σ with relative uncertainties of a factor of 1.5–2 in the case of n50, dry and n100, dry and of about 25–50 % in the case of n250, dry and sdry. Of key importance is the potential of polarization lidar to distinguish and separate the optical properties of desert aerosols from non-desert aerosol such as continental and marine particles. We investigate the relationship between σ, measured at ambient atmospheric conditions, and n50, dry for marine and continental aerosols, n100, dry for desert dust particles, and n250, dry and sdry for three aerosol types (desert, non-desert continental, marine) and for the main lidar wavelengths of 355, 532, and 1064 nm. Our study is based on multiyear Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) photometer observations of aerosol optical thickness and column-integrated particle size distribution at Leipzig, Germany, and Limassol, Cyprus, which cover all realistic aerosol mixtures. We further include AERONET data from field campaigns in Morocco, Cabo Verde, and Barbados, which provide pure dust and pure marine aerosol scenarios. By means of a simple CCN parameterization (with n50, dry or n100, dry as input) and available INP parameterization schemes (with n250, dry and sdry as input) we finally compute profiles of the CCN-relevant particle number concentration nCCN and the INP number concentration nINP. We apply the method to a lidar observation of a heavy dust outbreak crossing Cyprus and a case dominated by continental aerosol pollution.
Effects of aerosols on clear-sky solar radiation in the ALADIN-HIRLAM NWP system
Authors: Gleeson Emily , Toll Velle , Nielsen Kristian Pagh , Rontu Laura , Mašek Ján 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The direct shortwave radiative effect of aerosols under clear-sky conditions in the Aire Limitee Adaptation dynamique Developpement InterNational – High Resolution Limited Area Model (ALADIN-HIRLAM) numerical weather prediction system was investigated using three shortwave radiation schemes in diagnostic single-column experiments: the Integrated Forecast System (IFS), acraneb2 and the hlradia radiation schemes. The multi-band IFS scheme was formerly used operationally by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) whereas hlradia and acraneb2 are broadband schemes. The former is a new version of the HIRLAM radiation scheme while acraneb2 is the radiation scheme in the ALARO-1 physics package. The aim was to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the numerical weather prediction (NWP) system regarding aerosols and to prepare it for use of real-time aerosol information. The experiments were run with particular focus on the August 2010 Russian wildfire case. Each of the three radiation schemes accurately (within ±4 % at midday) simulates the direct shortwave aerosol effect when observed aerosol optical properties are used. When the aerosols were excluded from the simulations, errors of more than +15 % in global shortwave irradiance were found at midday, with the error reduced to +10 % when standard climatological aerosols were used. An error of −11 % was seen at midday if only observed aerosol optical depths at 550 nm, and not observation-based spectral dependence of aerosol optical depth, single scattering albedos and asymmetry factors, were included in the simulations. This demonstrates the importance of using the correct aerosol optical properties. The dependency of the direct radiative effect of aerosols on relative humidity was tested and shown to be within ±6 % in this case. By modifying the assumptions about the shape of the IFS climatological vertical aerosol profile, the inherent uncertainties associated with assuming fixed vertical profiles were investigated. The shortwave heating rates in the boundary layer changed by up to a factor of 2 in response to the aerosol vertical distribution without changing the total aerosol optical depth. Finally, we tested the radiative transfer approximations used in the three radiation schemes for typical aerosol optical properties compared to the accurate DISORT model. These approximations are found to be accurate to within ±13 % even for large aerosol loads.
Identification of anthropogenic and natural inputs of sulfate into a karstic coastal groundwater system in northeast China: evidence from major ions, δ13CDIC and δ34SSO4
Authors: Han Dongmei , Song Xianfang , Currell Matthew J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The hydrogeochemical processes controlling groundwater evolution in the
Daweijia area of Dalian, northeast China, were characterised using
hydrochemistry and isotopes of carbon and sulfur (δ13CDIC and δ34SSO4). The aim was to distinguish anthropogenic impacts as distinct from natural processes, with a particular focus on sulfate, which is found at elevated levels (range: 54.4 to 368.8 mg L−1; mean: 174.4 mg L−1) in fresh and brackish groundwater. The current investigation reveals minor seawater intrusion
impact (not exceeding 5 % of the overall solute load), in contrast with
extensive impacts observed in 1982 during the height of intensive
abstraction. This indicates that measures to restrict groundwater abstraction
have been effective. However, hydrochemical facies analysis shows that the
groundwater remains in a state of ongoing hydrochemical evolution (towards
Ca–Cl type water) and quality degradation (increasing nitrate and
sulfate concentrations). The wide range of
NO3 concentrations (74.7–579 mg L−1) in the Quaternary aquifer indicates considerable input of fertilisers and/or leakage from septic
systems. Both δ13C (−14.5 to −5.9 ‰) and
δ34SSO4 (+5.4 to +13.1 ‰) values in groundwater show increasing trends along groundwater flow paths. While carbonate minerals may contribute to increasing δ13CDIC and δ34SSO4 values in deep karstic groundwater, high
loads of agricultural fertilisers reaching the aquifer via irrigation return
flow are likely the main source of the dissolved sulfate in Quaternary
groundwater, as shown by distinctive isotopic ratios and a lack of evidence
for other sources in the major ion chemistry. According to isotope mass
balance calculations, the fertiliser contribution to overall sulfate has
reached an average of 62.1 % in the Quaternary aquifer, which has a strong
hydraulic connection to the underlying carbonate aquifer. The results point
to an alarming level of impact from the local intensive agriculture on the
groundwater system, a widespread problem throughout China.
Recurrent Lacrimal Gland Choristoma of the Ciliary Body in an Infant Mimicking a Medulloepithelioma
Authors: Tauziède-Espariat Arnault , Roche Olivier , Dufier Jean-Louis , Putterman Marc 
Published: May 2016

Purpose Choristoma is a congenital tumor made up of ectopic normal tissue. Different histopathologic subtypes have been described. Among them, lacrimal gland choristoma is found mainly in infants and can affect the iris, the ciliary body, or the choroid and epibulbar region. Our aims were to report a case of lacrimal gland choristoma, review the published cases, and present the main differential diagnoses. Methods A local resection of a limited mass of the ciliary body was performed on a 12-month-old girl who had a 6-month history of visual loss, leukocoria, and pupillary deformation. Results Histopathologically, we observed a well-demarcated lesion involved under the epithelium of the ciliary body. It was composed of acini delineated by a well-differentiated epithelium without atypia and mitotic figures. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the lacrimal nature with the expression of epithelial markers (cytokeratin 7 positive and cytokeratin 20 negative) and neuron-specific enolase without immunoreactivity for other neuronal markers. Two years later, a local recurrence appeared and was resected. It showed nearly the same histopathologic features. Conclusions Lacrimal gland choristoma is a very rare lesion of the infant. Diagnosis is based on a histopathologic analysis with immunohistochemical studies to exclude other differential diagnoses such as a more common malignant tumor in childhood, medulloepithelioma. This observation shows an atypical clinical presentation of this benign lesion characterized by local recurrences.
Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty using 3rd Generation Ceramic-on-Ceramic Articulation
Authors: Seo Beom H. , Ryu Dong J. , Kang Joon S. , Moon Kyoung H. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose Ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) is currently a popular bearing combination in young patients in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic results and complications of cementless THA with 3rd generation CoC articulation. Materials and methods From April 2001 to January 2008, 310 primary THAs were performed in 300 patients using 3rd generation CoC articulation. The mean follow-up period was 8.9 years and the mean age at index surgery was 54.6 years. Patient clinical outcome was evaluated with the Harris Hip Score. Radiographic evaluations was performed to analyse osteolysis, implant fixation and loosening. Results Mean Harris Hip Score at last follow-up was 95.4 (76-100). Radiographic analysis demonstrated no evidence of stem or cup loosening and there were no cases of osteolysis. Ceramic wear was not detectable on the plain radiograph. Complications requiring revision occurred in 12 cases; 2 ceramic head fractures, 4 dislocations, 2 deep infections and 4 cases of periprosthetic fracture. The cohort had an overall revision rate of 3.9%. Conclusions Clinical outcomes using cementless THA with 3rd generation CoC articulation were satisfactory. Although the mechanical properties of ceramic materials have improved, there are still problems such as ceramic fracture and squeaking. More clinical study and investigation for alternative bearing are necessary to reduce complications. 4th generation CoC or ceramic on cross linked polyethylene may address some of these issues.