bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing large area forest cover products derived from the same imaging source across Victoria, Australia
Authors: Soto‐Berelov Mariela , Jones Simon D , Haywood Andrew 
Published: January 2018

SummaryForest cover products are an essential tool for land managers and policy makers. They are used at a variety of spatial scales to inform decision‐making and policy across a range of ecosystem drivers and services. This article compares three forest cover products (FCP), all of which were created using Landsat satellite imagery, but using different methodologies and covering different spatial extents that range from global to state. It also explores their use and utility across the state of Victoria, Australia. It asks the question, how interchangeable are the forest cover maps? FCP are also validated against a very high‐resolution reference data set. Overall accuracy was around 89% for the state and national FCP, and 84% for the global FCP. The global map produced the lowest estimate of total forest cover, while estimates obtained by the national and state FCP were similar across the study area. Spatially, differences, however, were apparent. The national forest cover map obtained higher estimates across most of Victoria except in the most arid region which is dominated by low open woodland. While the national and global scale forest cover maps were found to have good diagnostic ability for large area assessment and reporting, their use for land management is not optimal and can lead to gross error.
A multicenter pilot survey to clarify the clinical features of patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure in Japan
Authors: Nakayama Nobuaki , Uemura Hayato , Uchida Yoshihito , Tomiya Tomoaki , Ido Akio , Inoue Kazuaki , Genda Takuya , Takikawa Yasuhiro , Sakaida Isao , Terai Shuji , Yokosuka Osamu , Shimizu Masahito , Takikawa Hajime , Mochida Satoshi 
Published: January 2018

AimTo establish diagnostic criteria for acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) in Japan, a multicenter pilot survey was carried out to examine the usefulness of overseas criteria in patients with chronic liver diseases manifesting acute decompensation.MethodsPatients fulfilling the Asian‐Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL), European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), or Chinese Medical Association (CMA) criteria for decompensation were enrolled from eight institutions in Japan, and the clinical features were evaluated.ResultsAmong 112 patients, 109 patients (97.3%) fulfilled the APASL criteria for decompensation; 7 patients were excluded because the decompensation had been provoked by gastrointestinal bleeding. Consequently, 102 patients (91.1%) were diagnosed as having ACLF according to the APASL definition. Among the patients who fulfilled the APASL criteria for decompensation, the etiologies of the underlying liver diseases were alcohol abuse in 59 cases (54.1%) and hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection in 24 (22.0%). The acute insults were alcohol abuse in 50 (45.9%), bacterial infection in 26 (23.9%), and exacerbation of underlying liver disease in 14 (12.8%). Fifty‐four patients (49.5%) satisfied the CMA criteria, but the survival rates were similar between patients who did and those who did not meet the criteria. When 84 patients with underlying cirrhosis were classified according to the EASL–Chronic Liver Failure (Clif) Consortium criteria, the survival rates differed according to grade: 67.6% (23/34) for patients without ACLF, and 41.2% (14/34) and 18.8% (3/16) for those with grade 1/2 and grade 3 ACLF, respectively.ConclusionThe APASL definition was suitable for screening Japanese patients with ACLF, including those whose conditions were triggered by gastrointestinal bleeding, and the EASL‐Clif Consortium criteria were useful for predicting outcome.
Strigolactones positively regulate chilling tolerance in pea and in Arabidopsis
Authors: Cooper James W. , Hu Yan , Beyyoudh Leila , Yildiz Dasgan H. , Kunert Karl , Beveridge Christine A. , Foyer Christine H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractStrigolactones (SL) fulfil important roles in plant development and stress tolerance. Here, we characterized the role of SL in the dark chilling tolerance of pea and Arabidopsis by analysis of mutants that are defective in either SL synthesis or signalling. Pea mutants (rms3, rms4, and rms5) had significantly greater shoot branching with higher leaf chlorophyll a/b ratios and carotenoid contents than the wild type. Exposure to dark chilling significantly decreased shoot fresh weights but increased leaf numbers in all lines. Moreover, dark chilling treatments decreased biomass (dry weight) accumulation only in rms3 and rms5 shoots. Unlike the wild type plants, chilling‐induced inhibition of photosynthetic carbon assimilation was observed in the rms lines and also in the Arabidopsis max3‐9, max4‐1, and max2‐1 mutants that are defective in SL synthesis or signalling. When grown on agar plates, the max mutant rosettes accumulated less biomass than the wild type. The synthetic SL, GR24, decreased leaf area in the wild type, max3‐9, and max4‐1 mutants but not in max2‐1 in the absence of stress. In addition, a chilling‐induced decrease in leaf area was observed in all the lines in the presence of GR24. We conclude that SL plays an important role in the control of dark chilling tolerance.
Loss of alkaline ceramidase inhibits autophagy in Arabidopsis and plays an important role during environmental stress response
Authors: Zheng Ping , Wu Jian‐Xin , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Zeng Hong‐Yun , Huang Li‐Qun , Liu Zhe , Xiao Shi , Yao Nan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSphingolipids, a class of bioactive lipids found in cell membranes, can modulate the biophysical properties of the membranes and play a critical role in signal transduction. Sphingolipids are involved in autophagy in humans and yeast, but their role in autophagy in plants is not well understood. In this study, we reported that the AtACER, an alkaline ceramidase that hydrolyses ceramide to long‐chain base (LCB), functions in autophagy process in Arabidopsis. Our empirical data showed that the loss of AtACER inhibited autophagy, and its overexpression promoted autophagy under nutrient, salinity, and oxidative stresses. Interestingly, nitrogen deprivation significantly affected the sphingolipid's profile in Arabidopsis thaliana, especially the LCBs. Furthermore, the exogenous application of LCBs also induced autophagy. Our findings revealed a novel function of AtACER, where it was found to involve in the autophagy process, thus, playing a crucial role in the maintenance of a dynamic loop between sphingolipids and autophagy for cellular homeostasis under various environmental stresses.
Identification of gaps in the current knowledge on pulmonary hypertension in extremely preterm infants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Arjaans Sanne , Zwart Elvira A. H. , Ploegstra Mark‐Jan , Bos Arend F. , Kooi Elisabeth M. W. , Hillege Hans L. , Berger Rolf M. F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary hypertension complicates the clinical course of extremely preterm infants and is associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, prevalence, risk factors, and outcome of pulmonary hypertension in these infants are insufficiently known. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to provide an up‐to‐date overview of available data on prevalence, risk factors, and outcome of pulmonary hypertension and to identify current knowledge gaps.MethodsMedline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched in July 2017. Two authors reviewed titles/abstracts and full‐texts. Eligible studies reported prevalence, patient characteristics or mortality of infants with/without pulmonary hypertension. Studies were excluded if they did not include extremely preterm infants. Only similar study samples (selected infants with BPD or infants both with/without BPD) were compared in the meta‐analyses.ResultsOf 1829 unique articles identified, 25 were eligible for inclusion. Pulmonary hypertension was observed in infants with BPD (20%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 14, 25), but also in those without BPD (2%, 95% CI 0, 8). Infants with severe BPD were most at risk of pulmonary hypertension (risk ratio [RR] 2.7, 95% CI 1.7, 4.2). Infants with pulmonary hypertension were more at risk of mortality (RR 4.7, 95% CI 2.7, 8.3).ConclusionsPulmonary hypertension occurs in particularly in infants with severe BPD, and increases risk of mortality. Due to selected study populations, heterogeneous pulmonary hypertension‐definitions and poorly reported timing of pulmonary hypertension assessments, however, data available in current reports are insufficient to allow accurate assessment of true prevalence, risk factors, and time‐related outcome. Prospective studies, with standardised methodology and follow‐up are needed to determine these factors.
Comparison of respiratory system impedance in asthma and COPD: A prospective observational study
Authors: Kamada Takahiro , Kaneko Masahiro , Tomioka Hiromi 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveA single assessment of within‐breath variations of respiratory system reactance (Xrs) at 5 Hz (ΔX5) measured by the forced oscillation technique (FOT) has been reported to be useful for the detection of pathophysiological changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. We examined longitudinal changes in respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and Xrs during tidal breathing between stable asthma and COPD patients in order to clarify the features of changes of respiratory system impedance and airflow limitation for these conditions.MethodsBetween April 2013 and September 2013, outpatients with a COPD or asthma diagnosis were recruited. We examined forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FOT every 6 months until September 2015. Annual changes were estimated from the linear regression curve slope.ResultsWe included 57 and 93 subjects with COPD and asthma, respectively. The median follow‐up period was 26 months (range: 24–29 months). Within‐breath analysis showed that the difference between mean Rrs at 5 Hz and 20 Hz was significantly lower, and ΔX5 more negative, in COPD than in asthma patients. With regard to annual changes, only ΔX5 was significantly different, more negative, in COPD than in asthma patients. Comparing between COPD subjects of Global Initiative Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage I/II and those with asthma, there were no significant differences in respiratory system impedance at enrolment, while annual change in ΔX5 was significantly more negative in mild COPD than in asthma patients.ConclusionΔX5 may be useful for long‐term assessment of airflow limitation in COPD.
GrassVESS: a modification of the visual evaluation of soil structure method for grasslands
Authors: Emmet‐Booth J. P. , Bondi G. , Fenton O. , Forristal P. D. , Jeuken E. , Creamer R. E. , Holden N. M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVisual evaluation of soil structure (VESS) is used for assessing arable management impact on soil quality. When used on pastures, operators have identified limitations because VESS does not consider a surface root‐mat typical of managed grassland. The structure of the root‐mat may be indicative of nutrient use efficiency, pollution potential and subsurface compaction. The objectives of this research were to develop GrassVESS for grassland soil management, to compare it with VESS and quantitative physical indicators and to assess its utility for soil management. GrassVESS maintained the methodological strengths of VESS, but uses a flow chart, grassland images and a new root‐mat score. A focus group found GrassVESS to be quicker, dealt better with technical information and made root‐mat evaluation easier. The range of structural quality scores assigned by the focus group for a site was less for GrassVESS than VESS, suggesting the procedure is more reproducible, thus suitable for use by a range of stakeholders. GrassVESS was also deployed at 30 grassland sites across Ireland. Results indicated that GrassVESS generated the same overall diagnoses as VESS, but the GrassVESS root‐mat structural quality score was better related to bulk density, total porosity at 5–10 cm and a visual estimation of damaged sward area. It was concluded that GrassVESS has improved the VESS method for the specific assessment of grassland soil structural quality and could be used in real‐time farm management decision support.
CIP Systems: Design and Functions
Authors: Nangpal Ashok 
Published: January 2018

Centralization of production facilities to increase productivity has led to plants with astronomical capacities. This development poses difficult tasks of respecting sanitary production and cleaning procedures. Cleaning Systems form an integrated part of modern production plants and are key elements to increase productivity.
Automated CIP Systems deliver solutions at consistent flow rates, temperatures and at the appropriate concentration to a specific part of the plant. Total CIP effectiveness cannot be attributed solely to these parameters, as the plant design characteristics plays a vital role. Choice of components used, piping design and cleaning procedures implemented contribute to the overall performance of a cleaning process and are instrumental in reducing the quantity, COD and BOD values of waste-water generated.
The following presentation outlines modern principles of CIP systems and the influence of plant design characteristics to improve the overall cleaning efficiency and increase productivity.
Paper published with permission.
Ammonia Refrigeration Automation and Efficiencies
Authors: Ellerbrock Dean 
Published: January 2018

Not so long ago most compressor rooms were operated manually. They utilized people to turn the refrigeration equipment on/off. In that case, refrigeration ran whether it was needed or not.
Recently, several plants have installed centralized automated refrigeration systems that have increased their operating efficiencies.
However, there is still a tendency to overlook the refrigeration requirements for optimum efficiencies. Plants keep growing, more production, additional storage and then get by with their existing refrigeration equipment. One of the first question’s that comes to mind. How much of the electrical bill is consumed for refrigeration in my plant? Some of you might have that answer. After speaking with engineers in Citrus, Dairy, Meat, and Cold Storage Warehousing, we found that their refrigeration electrical bill was 60% to 85% of the total bill. So where do we go from here?
Paper published with permission.
The Impact of Brown Oil Recovery Systems on VOC and Wastewater Generation
Authors: Waters Roger 
Published: January 2018

The Florida citrus industry has been through a major change in environmental laws during the 1990’s. Current laws dictate that processors must remove 50% of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from incoming fruit by October 2002, and 65% VOC removal pending EPA approval. In addition, processors are more aware of the impact wastewater generation has on the total cost of processing in terms of monies for treatment facilities and monies for permitting. An optimum oil recovery system is one that both reduces production of VOCs and minimizes wastewater generation.
Brown oil extractor (BOE) systems have been shown to reduce the amount of peel oil destined for the feedmill while maintaining good control of fresh water use and limiting waste water effluent. The purpose of this paper is to provide data to the audience about the BOE’s ability to regulate processor’s feedmill VOC production with minimal impact to wastewater generation.
Paper published with permission.
Juice Room Environmental Control Through Misting
Authors: Zapaterra Cássio 
Published: January 2018

Waste from an orange juice manufacturing operation generally contains significant quantities of citric acid from the extraction process. Not considering environmental factors and the kind of process fruit, sometimes the citric acid concentration in the air can reach unacceptable conditions. The purpose of this work is to define some methods of environmental control in order to avoid high citric acid concentrations in the air. The main idea is to explain in “common language” how to keep an appropriate room temperature and humidity index in order to reduce the citric acid concentration in the air by evaporative cooling.
Paper published with permission.
A Process and Economic Model for the Real-Time Optimization of Operating Profit in a Citrus Feedmill
Authors: Gray Donald G. 
Published: January 2018

During the past 6 years, increases in energy costs have adversely impacted the profitability of feedmill operations. The market values of dried feed, molasses, and d-limonene have not sufficiently increased to offset this additional cost. Lacking alternatives to processing wet peel, many of the large citrus processors have operated feedmills at a financial loss.
The optimal operation of a citrus feedmill requires that a combination of process, resource cost, and product market value data be analyzed and translated into actions that will maximize operating profit or minimize operational losses. In particular, variations in peel volume and moisture content, evaporation requirements, product market values, and resource costs require that a detailed process and economic analysis be routinely performed to achieve optimal financial performance. As a result, the complexity of achieving optimal performance on a day-to-day basis can be overwhelming to operators and managers.
This paper discusses operational challenges that are common to many citrus feedmill operations, and proposed solutions. The basis for these solutions is a mathematical process and economic model that utilizes operational data to forecast production quantities and operational costs for a specified set of operating conditions. Equations are developed for optimizing energy usage, solids value, and operating profit in real-time. In addition to optimizing daily performance, the model can be used to determine optimal product yields, train operators and managers, determine the technical and financial merit of capital improvement projects, establish realistic performance targets, and devise accurate cost accounting drivers.
Paper published with permission.
The Development and Application of Resin Systems for the Treatment of Citrus Products Containing Pulp and Cloud
Authors: Schofield Tim , Miller Chris 
Published: January 2018

This paper describes the resin treatment system developed by Bucher Alimentech NZ Ltd. (BAN) for the treatment of Citrus Products containing pulp and cloud. These products can be pure juices, core or pulp washes, or peel extracts and comminutes. The system does not use filtration membranes to first clarify the feed stream, instead a pulp reduced stream containing cloud is treated through the resin beds. Processes including debittering, colour adjustment, and ratio adjustment are described. Benefits are defined.
Paper published with permission.
Press Liquor Filtration
Authors: Johnston Bob 
Published: January 2018

Usually a Citrus Engineering Conference presentation before this group is done to report some advance in citrus related technology. This paper, however, is limited to suggesting an area where significant benefits might result from further study and testing.
This paper has to do with improving the thermal efficiency of citrus feedmills. The idea presented can also help reduce cleaning expenses. The concept has to do with filtering press liquor ahead of a Waste Heat Evaporator (WHE). Work done so far is not definitive, and it is clear that further testing is required.
The paper is focused on a machine known variously as the Turbo Filter or Fiber Filter. This is unfortunate because other filtration equipment may be even more effective or commercially justifiable.
The basic premise of this paper, which needs to be demonstrated, is that improved filtration of press liquor results in lower viscosity fluid in the WHE. In turn this allows the WHE to produce higher Brix molasses. The result of this are improved thermal efficiency of the citrus feedmill.
Paper published with permission.
A Novel Piperazine-Based Drug Lead for Cryptosporidiosis from the Medicines for Malaria Venture Open-Access Malaria Box
Authors: Jumani R. S. , Bessoff K. , Love M. S. , Miller P. , Stebbins E. E. , Teixeira J. E. , Campbell M. A. , Meyers M. J. , Zambriski J. A. , Nunez V. , Woods A. K. , McNamara C. W. , Huston C. D. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Cryptosporidiosis causes life-threatening diarrhea in children under the age of 5 years and prolonged diarrhea in immunodeficient people, especially AIDS patients. The standard of care, nitazoxanide, is modestly effective in children and ineffective in immunocompromised individuals. In addition to the need for new drugs, better knowledge of drug properties that drive
in vivo
efficacy is needed to facilitate drug development. We report the identification of a piperazine-based lead compound for
Cryptosporidium
drug development, MMV665917, and a new pharmacodynamic method used for its characterization. The identification of MMV665917 from the Medicines for Malaria Venture Malaria Box was followed by dose-response studies,
in vitro
toxicity studies, and structure-activity relationship studies using commercial analogues. The potency of this compound against
Cryptosporidium parvum
Iowa and field isolates was comparable to that against
Cryptosporidium hominis
. Furthermore, unlike nitazoxanide, clofazimine, and paromomycin, MMV665917 appeared to be curative in a NOD SCID gamma mouse model of chronic cryptosporidiosis. MMV665917 was also efficacious in a gamma interferon knockout mouse model of acute cryptosporidiosis. To determine if efficacy in this mouse model of chronic infection might relate to whether compounds are parasiticidal or parasitistatic for
C. parvum
, we developed a novel
in vitro
parasite persistence assay. This assay suggested that MMV665917 was parasiticidal, unlike nitazoxanide, clofazimine, and paromomycin. The assay also enabled determination of the concentration of the compound required to maximize the rate of parasite elimination. This time-kill assay can be used to prioritize early-stage
Cryptosporidium
drug leads and may aid in planning
in vivo
efficacy experiments. Collectively, these results identify MMV665917 as a promising lead and establish a new method for characterizing potential anticryptosporidial agents.
Complete Genome Sequence ofBacillus methylotrophicusStrain NKG-1, Isolated from the Changbai Mountains, China
Authors: Liu Binghua , Ge Beibei , Azhar Noreen , Zhao Wenjun , Cui Hailan , Zhang Kecheng 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTWe report here the complete genome sequence ofBacillus methylotrophicusNKG-1, isolated from rare dormant volcanic soils on the Changbai Mountains in China. The 4.20-Mb genome contains 4,432 genes and has a G+C content of 47.06%.
Draft Genome Sequences of 14 Strains of
Pseudomonas
Isolated from
Prunus
sp. Plants
Authors: Visnovsky Sandra B. , Lu Ashley , Panda Preetinanda , Taylor Robert , Pitman Andrew R. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

We present here the draft genome sequences of 14
Pseudomonas
strains isolated from
Prunus
sp. plants in New Zealand and overseas. These new genomic data will be used to improve the detection of
Pseudomonas
strains found in imported plant material at the New Zealand border, improving the time involved in the process of biosecurity decision-making.
Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals the First Complete Genome Sequence of
Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus
from Uganda
Authors: Mbeyagala E. K. , Tukamuhabwa P. , Bisikwa J. , Holton T. , Mukasa S. B. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

We present here the first complete genome sequence of
Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus
(CABMV) isolated from cowpea in Uganda and compare it with five CABMV complete genome sequences from Brazil (2), India (2), and Zimbabwe (1). It most resembled the genomes of two Brazilian isolates (MG-Avr and BR1) and one Indian isolate (RR3).