bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biogeographical history of the interaction between mycoheterotrophic Thismia (Thismiaceae) plants and mycorrhizal Rhizophagus (Glomeraceae) fungi
Authors: Merckx Vincent S. F. T. , Gomes Sofia I. F. , Wapstra Mark , Hunt Colin , Steenbeeke Greg , Mennes Constantijn B. , Walsh Neville , Smissen Rob , Hsieh Tsung‐Hsin , Smets Erik F. , Bidartondo Martin I. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimAchlorophyllous mycoheterotrophic plants and mycorrhizal fungi often have highly specific interactions that potentially limit the plants’ distribution and diversification potential. However, specificity in biotic interactions may differ considerably over a species’ distribution range and therefore interactions need to be studied over their entire range to assess their evolution in space and time. The present study investigates the biogeographical history of the interaction between five closely related mycoheterotrophic Thismia species and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi over the distribution range of the plant species.LocationTemperate south‐east Australia and New Zealand.MethodsPhylogenetic relationships of Thismia (nrITS and mtcob) and their arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (partial nrSSU) were reconstructed based on data from 65 plant specimens. The diversification times in Thismia were estimated with a Bayesian relaxed clock approach using a Dioscoreales framework (nrSSU, mtatp1, mtmatR, mtnad1 b‐c). Ancestral geographical ranges were reconstructed using a maximum likelihood approach. The same approach was used to reconstruct ancestral mycorrhizal associations.ResultsOur analysis shows that Thismia plants have highly specific, phylogenetically conserved and evolutionarily persistent interactions with Rhizophagus fungi. Nevertheless, Thismia was able to diversify and radiate recently due to the wide geographical distribution of the host fungi. In addition, we find that although the mycorrhizal interactions of this clade of mycoheterotrophs are strictly bound to a fungal lineage, host switches remain possible.Main conclusionsIn this clade of closely related mycoheterotrophs, dependency on highly specific fungal interactions is the result of phylogenetic niche conservatism, acting over at least 12 million years. Nevertheless, plants that are dependent on highly specific fungal interactions have ample opportunities to disperse and radiate over the geographical range of their hosts. Our study highlights the need to link the ecology and evolution of species interactions over broad geographical and evolutionary scales for understanding mycorrhizal interactions.
Dispersal is more important than climate in structuring turtle communities across different biogeographical realms
Authors: Rodrigues João Fabrício Mota , Diniz‐Filho José Alexandre Felizola 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimEcological communities may be structured by deterministic processes commonly related to climatic conditions or to neutral processes commonly associated with dispersal limitation. This study aims to evaluate the processes responsible for structuring the composition of turtle communities across different biogeographical realms.LocationGlobalMethodsWe used distribution maps of 290 non‐marine turtle species to determine the components of beta diversity (turnover and nestedness/richness difference) within the biogeographical realms. We also used a recently published phylogeny to calculate phylogenetic beta diversity. Then, we used partial Mantel tests and multiple regressions on distance matrices (MRM) to evaluate the importance of ecological and spatial factors in determining turtle beta diversity. We also used multiple regressions to evaluate whether temperature instability since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) or topographical heterogeneity was the main driver of beta diversity.ResultsThe beta diversity of turtles in all realms was mainly influenced by the turnover component. However, the nestedness/richness difference component was also important, mainly in realms subject to large climatic variations since theLGM. Environmental distance was positively related to beta diversity in some realms, but this effect was generally low. Geographical distance explained a higher amount of variance than environmental distances in all the realms. Phylogenetic beta diversity provided similar results to taxonomic beta diversity. Temperature instability since theLGMwas a strong driver of taxonomic beta diversity in the Nearctic realm, but its effect on the Neotropical realm was mainly concentrated in the turnover component.Main conclusionsSpatial processes such as dispersal may be more important than climatic differences in structuring the composition of turtle communities in the distinct biogeographical realms. However, when climate is also important, the effect of environmental processes such as temperature instability since theLGMand topographical heterogeneity are not the same in the different biogeographical realms.
Frontal fibrosing alopecia: clinical and prognostic classification
Authors: Moreno‐Arrones O.M. , Saceda‐Corralo D. , Fonda‐Pascual P. , Rodrigues‐Barata A.R. , Buendía‐Castaño D. , Alegre‐Sánchez A. , Pindado‐Ortega C. , Molins M. , Perosanz D. , Segurado‐Miravalles G. , Jaén P. , Vañó‐Galván S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundFrontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a chronic scarring alopecia with an unpredictable evolution. There are no current classifications of this disease that may predict its prognosis.ObjectiveTo analyse the differences in clinical presentation and evolution of FFA patients and to create a clinical and prognostic classification.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analytical study of FFA patients. Clinical characteristics of frontal hairline recession were used as the sorting variable between patterns of presentation. A cohort of 106 patients homogenously treated with oral dutasteride and topical corticosteroid was followed 12 months.ResultsIn all, 242 female patients with a mean age of 61.4 years were included. Patients were classified into three clinical patterns [118 (48.8%) patients as pattern I (linear), 109 patients (45%) as pattern II (diffuse) and 15 patients (6.2%) as pattern III (double line)]. Stabilization was achieved in 37.3% of the 106 patients treated with oral dutasteride and topical corticosteroid. Pattern III patients had less hairline recession and eyebrow involvement at the diagnosis and after treatment.LimitationsRetrospective design.ConclusionsFrontal fibrosing alopecia patients can be classified into three different clinical patterns with different prognosis. Pattern III patients have the best prognosis, while pattern II patients have the worst prognosis.
Evaluating therapeutic effect on WOMAC subscales in osteoarthritis RCTs: When model choice matters
Authors: Lorenzoni Giulia , Azzolina Danila , Soriani Nicola , Gregori Dario 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesThe study aimed at developing a method for modelling the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities index (WOMAC), accounting for correlation between its subscales and for heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE), using data from 2 twin trials on knee osteoarthritis.MethodTwo randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trials (twin trials). Studies aimed at investigating the effectiveness of a pharmacological treatment on clinical outcomes of knee osteoarthritis, measured using WOMAC index. To take into account that the WOMAC subscales are correlated and skewed, we proposed and compared multivariate gamma and Gaussian approaches with latent variable capturing correlation between outcomes. Besides the latent term, the interaction between the latent term and treatment, accounting for HTE, was further estimated.ResultsModelling the subscales by using a gamma approach accounting for skewness of data, we found out different results compared with Gaussian models. The main difference regarded the latent variable interacting with treatment (accounting for unobserved heterogeneity), which is not significant for the Gaussian approach (P value = .102) and significant in the gamma model (P value < .002). Thus, indicating that unobserved covariates affect treatment's performance.Additionally, plotting the observed and the estimated values of WOMAC index of the Gaussian and gamma models, we showed that, compared with the Gaussian, the gamma one best fits the data, especially among poor responders.ConclusionMultivariate gamma approach accounting for correlation between outcomes and for HTE has been demonstrated to be more suitable to model WOMAC subscales and to provide more information on effect of therapy.
The patient safety climate in healthcare organizations (PSCHO) survey: Short‐form development
Authors: Benzer Justin K. , Meterko Mark , Singer Sara J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesMeasures of safety climate are increasingly used to guide safety improvement initiatives. However, cost and respondent burden may limit the use of safety climate surveys. The purpose of this study was to develop a 15‐ to 20‐item safety climate survey based on the Patient Safety Climate in Healthcare Organizations survey, a well‐validated 38‐item measure of safety climate.MethodsThe Patient Safety Climate in Healthcare Organizations was administered to all senior managers, all physicians, and a 10% random sample of all other hospital personnel in 69 private sector hospitals and 30 Veterans Health Administration hospitals. Both samples were randomly divided into a derivation sample to identify a short‐form subset and a confirmation sample to assess the psychometric properties of the proposed short form.ResultsThe short form consists of 15 items represented 3 overarching domains in the long‐form scale—organization, work unit, and interpersonal.ConclusionThe proposed short form efficiently captures 3 important sources of variance in safety climate: organizational, work‐unit, and interpersonal. The short‐form development process was a practical method that can be applied to other safety climate surveys. This safety climate short form may increase response rates in studies that involve busy clinicians or repeated measures.
Factors associated with sustainability of 2 quality improvement programs after achieving early implementation success. A qualitative case study
Authors: Ament Stephanie M.C. , Gillissen Freek , Moser Albine , Maessen José M.C. , Dirksen Carmen D. , von Meyenfeldt Maarten F. , van der Weijden Trudy 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesSustainability of innovations is a relatively new concept in health care research and has become an issue of growing interest. The current study explored factors related to the sustainability of 2 multidisciplinary hospital‐based programs 3 to 6 years after achieving early implementation success.MethodAn exploratory qualitative study was conducted into 2 implementation cases, an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery program for colorectal surgery and a short‐stay program for breast cancer surgery. Semistructured interviews were held with key persons involved in the care process in 14 hospitals from both cases minimally 3 years after the implementation, between March 2012 and May 2013. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to direct the development of the interview guide, during data collection and during analysis. A directed content analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 21 interviews with 26 individuals were held, 18 regarding the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery case and 8 regarding the short‐stay program case. Respondents mentioned the following factors associated with sustainability of the programs: modification and adaptability of the program, cost‐effectiveness, institutionalization into existing systems, short communication lines within the multidisciplinary team, an innovative culture, benefits for patients, cosmopolitanism, the existence of external policies and incentives, trust and belief in the program, and spread of the program to other settings. Two factors are not covered by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, ie, modification of the program over the years and spread of the program to other contexts.ConclusionsThe factors associated with sustainability put forward in both cases were largely the same. Leadership and the implementation project were not mentioned as having influenced the long‐term sustainability of the benefits achieved. Sustainability of the innovations is influenced by determinants stemming from all ecological levels of the health care system and demands continuous effort in the postimplementation phase.
Conceptualizing movement by expert Bobath instructors in neurological rehabilitation
Authors: Vaughan‐Graham Julie , Patterson Kara , Zabjek Karl , Cott Cheryl A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesMovement, a core aspect of physiotherapy practice, and integral to the clinical reasoning process has undergone limited theoretical development. Instead, research has focused on intervention effectiveness embedded within the positivist paradigm. The purpose of this study was to explore how expert neurorehabilitation therapists conceptualize movement as part of their clinical reasoning.MethodA qualitative interpretive descriptive approach consisting of stimulated recall using video‐recorded treatment sessions and in‐depth interviews was used. Theoretical sampling was used to recruit members of the International Bobath Instructors Training Association (IBITA) who are recognized experts in neurorehabilitation. Interview transcripts were transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was progressive, iterative, and inductive.ResultsTwenty‐two IBITA instructors from 7 different countries volunteered to participate. They ranged in clinical experience from 12 to 40 years and instructor experience from 1 to 35 years. The conceptualization of movement by the IBITA instructors involves the following elements: (1) movement comprises the whole person and the whole body, not just individual body segments; (2) active alignment of body segments is integral to movement performance; and (3) efficient movement requires the relative integration of postural control/stability and selective movement/mobility.ConclusionsThe IBITA instructors conceptualize movement from a person‐centred perspective. The integration of postural control and selective movement, with alignment and variability as key components, forms the foundation of their understanding of movement. Further investigation into the role of postural control in movement recovery post central nervous system lesion is required. Likewise, the dimensions of movement critical to the conceptualization of movement are not well understood from the perspective of the physiotherapist or persons with neurological impairments.
Restraint stress increases prolactin‐mediated phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 in the hypothalamus and adrenal cortex in the male mouse
Authors: Kirk S. E. , Xie T. Y. , Steyn F. J. , Grattan D. R. , Bunn S. J. 
Published: April 2017

Prolactin is a pleiotropic peptide hormone produced by the lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary. Its rate of secretion is primarily regulated by a negative‐feedback mechanism where prolactin stimulates the activity of the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurones, increasing their release of dopamine, which accesses the pituitary via the median eminence to suppress further prolactin secretion. In addition to its well established role in lactation, circulating prolactin is secreted in response to stress, although the mechanism by which this is achieved or its cellular targets remains unknown. In the present study, we show that 15 minutes of restraint stress causes an approximately seven‐fold increase in circulating prolactin concentration in male mice. Monitoring prolactin receptor activation, using immunohistochemistry to determine the level and distribution of tyrosine phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (pSTAT5), we show that this stress‐induced increase in prolactin interacts with both central and peripheral targets. Restraint stress for 15 minutes significantly increased pSTAT5 staining in the arcuate nucleus, median eminence and the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. In each case, this response was prevented by pretreating the animals with bromocriptine to block prolactin secretion from the pituitary. Interestingly, in contrast to many cells in the arcuate nucleus, stress reduced pSTAT5 staining of the TIDA neurones (identified by dual‐labelling for tyrosine hydroxylase). This suggests that there is reduced prolactin signalling in these cells and thus potentially a decline in their inhibitory influence on prolactin secretion. These results provide evidence that prolactin secreted in response to acute stress is sufficient to activate prolactin receptors in selected target tissues known to be involved in the physiological adaptation to stress.
Network analysis of adhesion/growth‐regulatory galectins and their binding sites in adult chicken retina and choroid
Authors: Manning Joachim C. , García Caballero Gabriel , Knospe Clemens , Kaltner Herbert , Gabius Hans‐Joachim 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe highly ordered multilayered organization of the adult chicken retina is a suitable test model for examining zonal distribution of the members of a bioeffector family. Based on the concept of the sugar code, the functional pairing of glycan epitopes with cognate receptors (lectins) is emerging as a means to explain the control of diverse physiological activities. Having recently completed the biochemical characterization of all seven adhesion/growth‐regulatory galectins present in chicken, it was possible to establish how the individual characteristics of their expression profiles add up to shape the galectin network, which until now has not been defined at this level of complexity. This information will also have relevance in explaining the region‐specific presence of glycan determinants in the retina, as illustrated in the first part of this study using a panel of nine plant/fungal agglutinins. The following systematic monitoring of the galectins yielded patterns for which quantitative and qualitative differences were detected. Obviously, positivity in distinct layers is not confined to a single protein of this family, e.g. CG‐1A, CG‐3 or CG‐8. These results underline the requirement for network analysis for these proteins that can functionally interact in additive or antagonistic modes. Labeling of the tissue galectins facilitated profiling of their accessible binding sites. It also revealed differences among the galectin family members, highlighting the ability of this method to define binding properties on the level of tissue sections. Methodologically, the detection of endogenous lectins intimates that cognate glycans can become inaccessible, a notable caveat for lectin histochemical studies.
Nursing and pharmacy students’ use of emotionally intelligent behaviours to manage challenging interpersonal situations with staff during clinical placement: A qualitative study
Authors: McCloughen Andrea , Foster Kim 
Published: April 2017

Aims and objectivesTo identify challenging interpersonal interactions experienced by nursing and pharmacy students during clinical placement, and strategies used to manage those situations.BackgroundHealthcare students and staff experience elevated stress when exposed to dynamic clinical environments, complex care and challenging professional relationships. Emotionally intelligent behaviours are associated with appropriate recognition and management of emotions evoked by stressful experiences and development of effective relationships. Nursing and pharmacy students’ use of emotionally intelligent behaviours to manage challenging interpersonal situations is not well known.DesignA qualitative design, using semi‐structured interviews to explore experiences of challenging interpersonal situations during clinical placement (Phase two of a larger mixed‐methods study). Final‐year Australian university nursing and pharmacy students (n = 20) were purposefully recruited using a range of Emotional Intelligence scores (derived in Phase one), measured using the GENOS Emotional intelligence Inventory (concise version).ResultsChallenging interpersonal situations involving student–staff and intrastaff conflict, discourteous behaviour and criticism occurred during clinical placement. Students used personal and relational strategies, incorporating emotionally intelligent behaviours, to manage these encounters. Strategies included reflecting and reframing, being calm, controlling discomfort and expressing emotions appropriately.ConclusionsEmotionally intelligent behaviours are effective to manage stressful interpersonal interactions. Methods for strengthening these behaviours should be integrated into education of nursing and pharmacy students and qualified professionals. Education within the clinical/workplace environment can incorporate key interpersonal skills of collaboration, social interaction and reflection, while also attending to sociocultural contexts of the healthcare setting.Relevance to clinical practiceStudents and staff are frequently exposed to stressful clinical environments and challenging interpersonal encounters within healthcare settings. Use of emotionally intelligent behaviours to recognise and effectively manage these encounters may contribute to greater stress tolerance and enhanced professional relationships. Nursing and pharmacy students, and their qualified counterparts, need to be educated to strengthen their emotional intelligence skills.
The homeostatic and circadian sleep recovery responses after total sleep deprivation in mice
Authors: Dispersyn Garance , Sauvet Fabien , Gomez‐Merino Danielle , Ciret Sylvain , Drogou Catherine , Leger Damien , Gallopin Thierry , Chennaoui Mounir 
Published: April 2017

SummaryMany studies on sleep deprivation effects lack data regarding the recovery period. We investigated the 2‐day homeostatic and circadian sleep recovery response to 24 h of total sleep deprivation (TSD) induced by brief rotation of an activity wheel. Eight mice were implanted with telemetry transmitters (DSI F40‐EET) that recorded simultaneously their electroencephalography (EEG), locomotor activity and temperature during 24 h of baseline (BSL), TSD and 2 days of recovery (D1 and D2). In a second experiment, two groups of five non‐implanted mice underwent TSD or ad libitum sleep, after which they were killed, adrenal glands were weighed and blood was collected for analysis of corticosterone concentration. During TSD mice were awake at least 97% of the time, with a consecutive sleep rebound during D1 that persisted during D2. This was characterized by increases of non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (44.2 ± 6.9% for D1 and 43.0 ± 7.7% for D2 versus 33.8 ± 9.2% for BSL) and the relative delta band power (179.2 ± 34.4% for D1 and 81.9 ± 11.2% for D2). Greater NREM and REM sleep amounts were observed during the ‘light’ periods. Temperature and locomotor activity characteristics were unchanged during D1 and D2 versus BSL. In non‐implanted mice, corticosterone levels as well as adrenal gland and overall body weights did not differ between TSD and ad libitum sleep groups. In conclusion, 24 h of TSD in an activity wheel without stress responses influence homeostatic sleep regulation with no effect on the circadian regulation over at least 2 days of recovery in mice.