bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis on the Use of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Spasticity Poststroke
Authors: McIntyre Amanda , Mirkowski Magdalena , Thompson Spencer , Burhan Amer M. , Miller Tom , Teasell Robert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundSpasticity is a common and potentially debilitating complication that develops after stroke, arising in approximately 30% of patients.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in improving spasticity after stroke.DesignMeta‐analysis and systematic review.SettingNot applicable.PatientsA total of 273 poststroke (hemorrhagic = 123, ischemic = 150) participants were included with sample sizes ranging from 5 to 80. The majority of participants were male (66.0%) with a mean age ranging from 55.0 to 64.6 years. Mean stroke duration ranged from 6 months to 10 years.MethodsA literature search of multiple databases was conducted for articles published in English from January 1980 to April 2015 using select keywords. Studies were included if (1) the population included was >50% stroke patients; (2) the sample size included ≥4 subjects; (3) the intervention applied was rTMS; and (4) upper extremity spasticity was assessed pre‐ and postintervention. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were assessed for methodologic quality with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database tool. All research designs were given a level of evidence according to a modified Sackett Scale.Main Outcome MeasurementsModified Ashworth Scale (MAS).ResultsTen studies met the inclusion criteria: 2 RCTs (Physiotherapy Evidence Database scores 8‐9) and 8 pre‐post studies. Meta‐analyses of primarily uncontrolled pre‐post studies found significant improvements in MAS for elbow (P < .001), wrist (P < .001), and finger flexors (P < .001). However, a meta‐analysis of the 2 available RCTs failed to find a significant rTMS treatment effect on MAS for the wrist (standardized difference = .34, P = .30).ConclusionsThere is limited available evidence to support the use of rTMS in improving spasticity poststroke. Despite the positive findings reported, better powered and appropriately controlled trials are necessary.Level of EvidenceII
Using the Bergman-Paris Question to screen seniors in the emergency department
Authors: Laguë Antoine , Voyer Philippe , Ouellet Marie-Christine , Boucher Valérie , Giroux Marianne , Pelletier Mathieu , Gouin Émilie , Daoust Raoul , Berthelot Simon , Morin Michèle , Minh Vu Thien Tuong , Lee Jacques , Brousseau Audrey-Anne , Sirois Marie-Josée , Émond Marcel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesIn the fast pace of the Emergency Department (ED), clinicians are in need of tailored screening tools to detect seniors who are at risk of adverse outcomes. We aimed to explore the usefulness of the Bergman-Paris Question (BPQ) to expose potential undetected geriatric syndromes in community-living seniors presenting to the ED.MethodsThis is a planned sub-study of the INDEED multicentre prospective cohort study, including independent or semi-independent seniors (≥65 years old) admitted to hospital after an ED stay ≥8 hours and who were not delirious. Patients were assessed using validated screening tests for 3 geriatric syndromes: cognitive and functional impairment, and frailty. The BPQ was asked upon availability of a relative at enrolment. BPQ’s sensitivity and specificity analyses were used to ascertain outcomes.ResultsA response to the BPQ was available for 171 patients (47% of the main study’s cohort). Of this number, 75.4% were positive (suggesting impairment), and 24.6% were negative. To detect one of the three geriatric syndromes, the BPQ had a sensitivity of 85.4% (95% CI [76.3, 92.0]) and a specificity of 35.4% (95% CI [25.1, 46.7]). Similar results were obtained for each separate outcome. Odds ratio demonstrated a higher risk of presence of geriatric syndromes.ConclusionThe Bergman-Paris Question could be an ED screening tool for possible geriatric syndrome. A positive BPQ should prompt the need of further investigations and a negative BPQ possibly warrants no further action. More research is needed to validate the usefulness of the BPQ for day-to-day geriatric screening by ED professionals or geriatricians.
Is it mathematics or is it school mathematics?
Authors: Golding Jennie 
Published: October 2017

In my professional life, I have repeatedly had cause to return to the question of‘What relationship does the “mathematics” experienced in classrooms have to the mathematics studied in universities, or used outside academia? What relationship should it, and could it, have, and how do we get there?’It's time I began to frame some responses! In doing so, I am very aware that membership of The Mathematical Association is broad church, ranging from those with an amateur interest in mathematics (and mathematics education), through non-specialist teachers, to professional mathematicians. As such it is a rich community, but one in which it is challenging to address such questions in a way which is meaningful to all. However, I shall attempt to do so and I hope that the balance will in a small way also prove illuminating to the reader. In particular, I have a hope that it will point to the breadth and depth of what we expect from our teachers of mathematics, at all levels, and to a valuing of that.
Thoughts on a conjecture of Erdős
Authors: Dolan Stan 
Published: October 2017

If two squares with no interior point in common are drawn inside a unit square then prove that the sum of their side-lengths is at most 1.This problem was posed in the 1930s by Paul Erdős [1]. It is the simplest case of a still unsolved conjecture.If k2 + 1 squares with no interior point in common are drawn inside a unit square then the maximum possible sum of their side-lengths is k [2].We shall use the notation S(n) to denote the maximum possible sum of the side-lengths for n squares drawn with no interior point in common inside a unit square. The main aim of this article will be to develop an approach to the study of the function S which will give surprisingly simple proofs of a number of known results. This approach will then be used to prove a new result about the asymptotic behaviour of S.
FRVCTVS AMORIS: ON CATULLUS 55.17–22
Authors: Lingenberg Wilfried H. 
Published: October 2017

In carm. 55, Catullus supposes his friend Camerius may be caught in erotic adventure:num te lacteolae tenent puellae?si linguam clauso tenes in ore,fructus proicies amoris omnes:uerbosa gaudet Venus loquella. 20uel, si uis, licet obseres palatum,dum nostri sis particeps amoris.
CIRCASSIAN REFUGEES AND THE MAKING OF AMMAN, 1878–1914
Authors: Hamed-Troyansky Vladimir 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the final decades of Ottoman rule, several waves of refugees from the Russian Empire's North Caucasus region immigrated to Transjordan, where they founded Amman and other agricultural villages. This article examines the economy of Amman in its formative years as a Circassian refugee settlement. By exploring connections between North Caucasian refugees, Syrian and Palestinian merchants, and Transjordanian urban and nomadic communities, this study posits refugees as drivers of economic expansion in the late Ottoman period. I argue that the settlement of North Caucasian refugees and their active participation in the real estate market in and around Amman contributed to the entrenchment of the post-1858 property regime in Ottoman Transjordan. Through a study of an upper-class Circassian household and its legal battles, this article also illustrates the rise of refugee elites who benefited from the commodification of land and the construction of state-sponsored infrastructure in the late Ottoman Levant.
Domestic Human Rights Adjudication in the Shadow of International Law: The Status of Human Rights Conventions in Israel
Authors: Medina Barak 
Published: October 2017

The quarter-century anniversary of Israel's ratification of the major United Nations (UN) human rights treaties is an opportunity to revisit the formal and informal interaction between domestic and international Bills of Rights in Israel. This study reveals that the human rights conventions lack almost entirely a formal domestic legal status. The study identifies a minor shift in the scope of the Israeli Supreme Court's reference to international law, as the Court now cites international human rights law to justify decisions that a state action is unlawful, and not only to support findings that an action is valid. This shift may be the result of other reasons, for instance, a ‘radiation’ of the Court's relatively extensive use of international humanitarian law in reviewing state actions taken in the Occupied Territories. However, it may also reflect a perception of enhanced legitimacy of referring to international human rights law as a point of reference in human rights adjudication following ratification of the treaties.At the same time, the Court continues to avoid acknowledging incompatibility between domestic law and international law. It refers to the latter only to support its interpretation of Israeli constitutional law, as it did before the ratification. This article critically evaluates this practice. While international human rights law should not be binding at the domestic level, because of its lack of sufficient democratic legitimacy in Israel, it should serve as an essential benchmark. The Court may legitimise a human rights infringement that is unjustified according to international law, but such incompatibility requires an explicit justification. The Court, together with the legislature and the government, are required to engage critically with the non-binding norms set by the ratified UN human rights treaties.
Sidestepping the State: Practices of Social Service Commodification among Nicaraguans in Costa Rica and Nicaragua
Authors: FOURATT CAITLIN E. , VOOREND KOEN 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn Costa Rica, there is a widespread belief among the public and policymakers that the country's ‘exceptional’ universal healthcare system represents a magnet for Nicaraguan immigrants. However, examining immigrants’ actual access to social policy demonstrates the importance of legal and extra-legal mechanisms of exclusion that go hand in hand with official recognition of human rights. This paper critically assesses the relationship between migrants and the state, and public social policy in particular, in both sending and receiving country. We analyse the extent to which Nicaraguan migrant families on both sides of the Costa Rica–Nicaragua migration system incorporate public social protection in their welfare strategies. Drawing on two sets of qualitative data, we find that, on both sides of the border, migrants and their families display very similar commodified practices of welfare strategies, side-stepping the state and purchasing services in the private sector.
Does green taxation drive countries towards the carbon efficiency frontier?
Authors: Böhmelt Tobias , Vaziri Farzad , Ward Hugh 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA country is on thecarbon efficiency frontierif its per-capita emissions of CO2are at least as low as any state that was at least as economically developed at a period when technology was no more advanced. Building on earlier work employing Data Envelopment Analysis to benchmark performance, we argue that a useful measure of whether a state adopts “good practice” in relation to climate change is how near it is to this frontier. We calculate efficiency scores for a sample of developed countries between 1994 and 2011, and model the impact of green taxation, next to a series of political and economic controls, on performance. We find that higher levels of environmental tax revenue are positively and significantly associated with higher carbon efficiency. The central contributions of this research are the introduction of an innovative measure for environmental quality and assessing how this is driven by green taxation.
Limits and limitations of no-regret learning in games
Authors: Monnot Barnabé , Piliouras Georgios 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe study the limit behavior and performance of no-regret dynamics in general game theoretic settings. We design protocols that achieve both good regret and equilibration guarantees in general games. We also establish a strong equivalence between them and coarse correlated equilibria (CCE). We examine structured game settings where stronger properties can be established for no-regret dynamics and CCE. In congestion games with non-atomic agents (each contributing a fraction of the flow), as we decrease the individual flow of agents, CCE become closely concentrated around the unique equilibrium flow of the non-atomic game. Moreover, we compare best/worst case no-regret learning behavior to best/worst case Nash equilibrium (NE) in small games. We prove analytical bounds on these inefficiency ratios for 2×2 games and unboundedness for larger games. Experimentally, we sample normal form games and compute their measures of inefficiency. We show that the ratio distribution has sharp decay, in the sense that most generated games have small ratios. They also exhibit strong anti-correlation between each other, that is games with large improvements from the best NE to the best CCE present small degradation from the worst NE to the worst CCE.
How communication with teachers, family and friends contributes to predicting climate change behaviour among adolescents
Authors: VALDEZ RENE X. , PETERSON M. NILS , STEVENSON KATHRYN T. 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARYEngaging adolescents is critical to encouraging future climate change adaptation and mitigation behaviours. Adolescents are typically more receptive to climate change messages than adults, but educators and communicators need research-based strategies for optimizing engagement, including information about what factors are most influential in changing behaviours. To better understand how communication with teachers, friends and family, climate change knowledge and climate change concern predict climate change behaviour, we administered a survey to a random sample of middle school students in North Carolina, USA (n= 1371). We measured climate change behaviour with a multi-item scale asking respondents about energy conservation, alternative transportation and engagement with environmental issues. We found that climate change concern and discussing climate change with family and friends predicted climate change behaviour. We also found that students from urban, high socioeconomic status schools were more likely to engage in climate change behaviour than students in urban, low socioeconomic status schools or rural schools. These results suggest that education efforts should leverage communication with family and friends in programming designed to encourage climate change behaviour. Further, efforts to promote climate change behaviour among low socioeconomic status urban and rural adolescents may be warranted, but would benefit from further investigation into the ideological, physical and knowledge-based drivers of behaviour differences documented in this study.
Grain boundary mediated hydriding phase transformations in individual polycrystalline metal nanoparticles
Authors: Alekseeva Svetlana , Fanta Alice Bastos da Silva , Iandolo Beniamino , Antosiewicz Tomasz J. , Nugroho Ferry Anggoro Ardy , Wagner Jakob B. , Burrows Andrew , Zhdanov Vladimir P. , Langhammer Christoph 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGrain boundaries separate crystallites in solids and influence material properties, as widely documented for bulk materials. In nanomaterials, however, investigations of grain boundaries are very challenging and just beginning. Here, we report the systematic mapping of the role of grain boundaries in the hydrogenation phase transformation in individual Pd nanoparticles. Employing multichannel single-particle plasmonic nanospectroscopy, we observe large variation in particle-specific hydride-formation pressure, which is absent in hydride decomposition. Transmission Kikuchi diffraction suggests direct correlation between length and type of grain boundaries and hydride-formation pressure. This correlation is consistent with tensile lattice strain induced by hydrogen localized near grain boundaries as the dominant factor controlling the phase transition during hydrogen absorption. In contrast, such correlation is absent for hydride decomposition, suggesting a different phase-transition pathway. In a wider context, our experimental setup represents a powerful platform to unravel microstructure–function correlations at the individual-nanoparticle level.
Ets transcription factor GABP controls T cell homeostasis and immunity
Authors: Luo Chong T. , Osmanbeyoglu Hatice U. , Do Mytrang H. , Bivona Michael R. , Toure Ahmed , Kang Davina , Xie Yuchen , Leslie Christina S. , Li Ming O. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPeripheral T cells are maintained in the absence of vigorous stimuli, and respond to antigenic stimulation by initiating cell cycle progression and functional differentiation. Here we show that depletion of the Ets family transcription factor GA-binding protein (GABP) in T cells impairs T-cell homeostasis. In addition, GABP is critically required for antigen-stimulated T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome and genome-wide GABP-binding site analyses identify GABP direct targets encoding proteins involved in cellular redox balance and DNA replication, including the Mcm replicative helicases. These findings show that GABP has a nonredundant role in the control of T-cell homeostasis and immunity.
Comprehensive analysis of normal adjacent to tumor transcriptomes
Authors: Aran Dvir , Camarda Roman , Odegaard Justin , Paik Hyojung , Oskotsky Boris , Krings Gregor , Goga Andrei , Sirota Marina , Butte Atul J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHistologically normal tissue adjacent to the tumor (NAT) is commonly used as a control in cancer studies. However, little is known about the transcriptomic profile of NAT, how it is influenced by the tumor, and how the profile compares with non-tumor-bearing tissues. Here, we integrate data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project and The Cancer Genome Atlas to comprehensively analyze the transcriptomes of healthy, NAT, and tumor tissues in 6506 samples across eight tissues and corresponding tumor types. Our analysis shows that NAT presents a unique intermediate state between healthy and tumor. Differential gene expression and protein–protein interaction analyses reveal altered pathways shared among NATs across tissue types. We characterize a set of 18 genes that are specifically activated in NATs. By applying pathway and tissue composition analyses, we suggest a pan-cancer mechanism of pro-inflammatory signals from the tumor stimulates an inflammatory response in the adjacent endothelium.
Topologically frustrated ionisation in a water-ammonia ice mixture
Authors: Liu C. , Mafety A. , Queyroux J. A. , Wilson C. W. , Zhang H. , Béneut K. , Le Marchand G. , Baptiste B. , Dumas P. , Garbarino G. , Finocchi F. , Loveday J. S. , Pietrucci F. , Saitta A. M. , Datchi F. , Ninet S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWater and ammonia are considered major components of the interiors of the giant icy planets and their satellites, which has motivated their exploration under high P–T conditions. Exotic forms of these pure ices have been revealed at extreme (~megabar) pressures, notably symmetric, ionic, and superionic phases. Here we report on an extensive experimental and computational study of the high-pressure properties of the ammonia monohydrate compound forming from an equimolar mixture of water and ammonia. Our experiments demonstrate that relatively mild pressure conditions (7.4 GPa at 300 K) are sufficient to transform ammonia monohydrate from a prototypical hydrogen-bonded crystal into a form where the standard molecular forms of water and ammonia coexist with their ionic counterparts, hydroxide (OH−) and ammonium $$\left( {{\rm{NH}}_{\rm{4}}^{\rm{ + }}} \right)$$

NH

4

+

ions. Using ab initio atomistic simulations, we explain this surprising coexistence of neutral/charged species as resulting from a topological frustration between local homonuclear and long-ranged heteronuclear ionisation mechanisms.
Independent tuning of size and coverage of supported Pt nanoparticles using atomic layer deposition
Authors: Dendooven Jolien , Ramachandran Ranjith K. , Solano Eduardo , Kurttepeli Mert , Geerts Lisa , Heremans Gino , Rongé Jan , Minjauw Matthias M. , Dobbelaere Thomas , Devloo-Casier Kilian , Martens Johan A. , Vantomme André , Bals Sara , Portale Giuseppe , Coati Alessandro , Detavernier Christophe 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSynthetic methods that allow for the controlled design of well-defined Pt nanoparticles are highly desirable for fundamental catalysis research. In this work, we propose a strategy that allows precise and independent control of the Pt particle size and coverage. Our approach exploits the versatility of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique by combining two ALD processes for Pt using different reactants. The particle areal density is controlled by tailoring the number of ALD cycles using trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum and oxygen, while subsequent growth using the same Pt precursor in combination with nitrogen plasma allows for tuning of the particle size at the atomic level. The excellent control over the particle morphology is clearly demonstrated by means of in situ and ex situ X-ray fluorescence and grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering experiments, providing information about the Pt loading, average particle dimensions, and mean center-to-center particle distance.
Fast methane diffusion at the interface of two clathrate structures
Authors: Ranieri Umbertoluca , Koza Michael Marek , Kuhs Werner F. , Klotz Stefan , Falenty Andrzej , Gillet Philippe , Bove Livia E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMethane hydrates naturally form on Earth and in the interiors of some icy bodies of the Universe, and are also expected to play a paramount role in future energy and environmental technologies. Here we report experimental observation of an extremely fast methane diffusion at the interface of the two most common clathrate hydrate structures, namely clathrate structures I and II. Methane translational diffusion—measured by quasielastic neutron scattering at 0.8 GPa—is faster than that expected in pure supercritical methane at comparable pressure and temperature. This phenomenon could be an effect of strong confinement or of methane aggregation in the form of micro-nanobubbles at the interface of the two structures. Our results could have implications for understanding the replacement kinetics during sI–sII conversion in gas exchange experiments and for establishing the methane mobility in methane hydrates embedded in the cryosphere of large icy bodies in the Universe.