bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration and winter distribution of the Chestnutcollared Longspur
Authors: Ellison Kevin , McKinnon Emily , Zack Steve , Olimb Sarah , Sparks Robert , Strasser Erin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Chestnut-collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus) is one of five grassland songbirds, endemic within North America, with populations that have declined >65% since the 1960s. These species breed and winter in the northern and southern Great Plains, respectively. Identifying migration routes, wintering sites, and the timing of their habitat use is key for understanding the relative magnitude of threats across the annual cycle and effectively targeting habitats for conservation. We tracked migratory movements of seven Chestnut-collared Longspurs with light-level geolocators deployed in Canada. Individuals wintered up to 112-1,200km apart. All followed the Central Flyway, circumvented high-elevation terrain, and traveled east of the breeding location. Unlike most songbirds, the durations of spring and fall migrations were similar; on average 42 ± 7d and 41 ± 5d during fall and spring migrations, respectively, for an approximately 2,000km migration; this highlights the need to better understand habitat requirements during migration for grassland songbirds. Using geospatial habitat data, we assessed winter distribution overlap with four other endemic grassland songbirds; wintering range overlapped 63-99%. Future studies should use more precise devices (e.g., archival GPS units), programmed for data collection dates from this study, to identify specific migratory sites for better conserving this and associated grassland species.
Fracture Toughness Evaluation of a Ni2MnGa Alloy Through Micro Indentation Under Magneto-Mechanical Loading
Authors: Goanţă Viorel , Ciocanel Constantin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Ni2MnGa is a ferromagnetic alloy that exhibits the shape memory effect either induced by an externally applied magnetic field or mechanical stress. Due to the former, the alloy is commonly called magnetic shape memory alloy or MSMA. The microstructure of the MSMA consists of tetragonal martensite variants (three in the most general case) that are characterized by a magnetization vector which is aligned with the short side of the tetragonal unit cell. Exposing the MSMA to a magnetic field causes the magnetization vector to rotate and align with the external field, eventually leading to variant reorientation. The variant reorientation is observed macroscopically in the form of recoverable strain of up to 6% [1, 2]. As the magnetic field induced reorientation happens instantaneously [1, 3], MSMAs are suitable for fast actuation, sensing, or power harvesting applications. However, actuation applications are limited by the maximum actuation stress of the material that is about 3.5MPa at approximately 2 to 3% reorientation strain. During MSMA fatigue magneto-mechanical characterization studies [4, 5] it was observed that cracks nucleate and grow on the surface of material samples, after a relatively small number of cycles, leading to loss in material performance. This triggered the need for understanding the mechanisms that govern crack nucleation and growth in MSMAs, as well as the nature of the material, i.e. ductile or brittle. The experimental study reported in this paper was carried out to determine material’s fracture toughness, the predominant crack growth directions, and the orientation of the cracks relative to the mechanical loading direction and to the material’s microstructure. A fixture has been developed to allow Vickers micro indentation of 3mm by 3mm by 20mm Ni2MnGa samples exposed to different levels of magnetic field and/or mechanical stress. Using the measured characteristics of the impression generated during micro indentation, the lengths of propagated cracks, and appropriate equations (introduced in the paper), and the fracture toughness was evaluated as a function of the magneto-mechanical loading experienced by the material. The influence of the magneto-mechanical loading on the growth of already nucleated cracks has also been evaluated.
The distortionary effect of monetary policy: credit expansion vs. lump-sum transfers in the lab
Authors: Baeriswyl Romain , Cornand Camille 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In an experimental monetary general equilibrium economy, we assess two processes of monetary injection: credit expansion vs. lump-sum monetary transfers. In theory, both processes are neutral and exert no real effect on allocation. In the experiment, however, credit expansion leads to substantial distortions of real allocation and relative prices, and exerts a redistributive effect across subjects. By contrast, an increase in money through lump-sum transfers does not distort real allocation.
Discourse functions of always progressives: Beyond complaining
Authors: Lindley Jori 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt is widely assumed that the frequency adverbalwayscombined with the progressive aspect is typically used in negative evaluations expressing irritation, i.e., complaints. Adopting a cognitive-functional approach, I test this claim across six genres of Present Day English.Alwaysprogressives were coded according to their functions: Describe (neutral), Complain (negative), Lament (negative), or Praise (positive). Neutral, rather than negative, functions predominated in all genres, although negative functions outnumbered positive functions. I relate the former finding to the propensity ofalwaysprogressives to act similarly to the simple aspect and the latter to a cognitive phenomenon called the negativity bias.
The flux homomorphism on closed hyperbolic surfaces and Anti-de Sitter three-dimensional geometry
Authors: Seppi Andrea 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Given a smooth spacelike surface ∑ of negative curvature in Anti-de Sitter space of dimension 3, invariant by a representation p: π1 (S) → PSL2ℝ x PSL2ℝ where S is a closed oriented surface of genus ≥ 2, a canonical construction associates to ∑ a diffeomorphism φ∑ of S. It turns out that φ∑ is a symplectomorphism for the area forms of the two hyperbolic metrics h and h' on S induced by the action of p on ℍ2 x ℍ2. Using an algebraic construction related to the flux homomorphism, we give a new proof of the fact that φ∑ is the composition of a Hamiltonian symplectomorphism of (S, h) and the unique minimal Lagrangian diffeomorphism from (S, h) to (S, h’).
Learning from the Past for the Future: How to Make Adult Education Sustainable
Authors: Franzenburg Geert 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhen compared to education with children, adolescents and students, adult education has particular opportunities and challenges, depending on stronger biographical influences: adults have developed their own learning style and learning competence and apart from more formal learning opportunities facilitated through digital learning and/or learning in schools/universities, there are many opportunities for informal learning, often influenced by experiences of education as a child. In this regard, biographical learning offers opportunities for transformational, organic, remembrance and experiences. The study, therefore, focuses on such kinds of adult education as a core element, particularly of Protestant adult education.This paper presents a multidimensional concept of Protestant adult education, which integrates existing concepts into a memory oriented educational framework. Therefore, the theoretical considerations explain the phenomenological background of this particular concept. In a second step, this concept will be contextualized within the historical context of Protestant adult education. The summary emphasizes the particular aspect of educational coping with past, current and future experiences and situations.
Measuring herd behavior: properties and pitfalls
Authors: Lee Woojoo , Ahn Jae Youn 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Herd behavior is an important economic phenomenon, especially in the context of the recent financial crises. Prior studies propose several measures to quantify herd behavior. In this paper, we show that these measures reflect different perspectives on this behavior, and hence, their interpretation requires great care. Taking a critical attitude toward existing herd behavior measures, we study their properties and pitfalls in detail.
Estimates and Determinants of Armington Elasticities for the U.S. Food Industry
Authors: Lopez Elena , Pagoulatos Emilio 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This paper provides estimates of elasticities of substitution between domestic and imported goods for 40 4-digit S.I.C. food manufacturing industries and explains the inter-industry differences among these coefficients in terms of industry sectoral characteristics. The results show that there is a wide range of variation among such elasticities and that the intensity of each industry’s percentage of output sold to final consumers, foreign direct investment, expenditures on advertising and the existence of import quotas affect the degree of substitutability between domestic and foreign goods in the face of a relative price change.
Supply Chain Liability: Pushing the Boundaries of the Common Law?
Authors: Terwindt Carolijn , Leader Sheldon , Yilmaz-Vastardis Anil , Wright Jane 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOn 29 August 2016, in a claim by Pakistani survivors and legal heirs against German retailer KiK for injuries and deaths during a fire at a factory supplying jeans in Karachi, German judges accepted jurisdiction and granted legal aid to the Pakistani claimants to cover the legal fees. The case pending before the German court thus poses the question of supply chain liability. Taking the lawsuit by the Pakistani plaintiffs against KiK in Germany as a case study, this article provides an analysis of the available legal grounds for such liability. Economic changes have ushered in linkages between purchasers and suppliers that call for strong principles of liability – principles that are already embedded in the law but which need fresh articulation and application. English courts have only recently recognised that under certain circumstances, liability might attach to a parent company under the tort of negligence for damage to third parties ostensibly caused by its subsidiary. The KiK case is testing the extension of such liability to certain supply chain relationships. Beyond that, the case is also testing the application of the rules on non-delegable duties and vicarious liability in the supply chain context. Even if the court disagrees with the claimants’ position, the novel arguments advanced in this case are likely to be the starting point for an important debate about the proper fit between traditional tort law and the fast changing commercial and employment relationships of the 21st century.
Liability for Damage Caused by Autonomous Vehicles: A Belgian Perspective
Authors: De Bruyne Jan , Tanghe Jochen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAutonomous vehicles are no longer a mere futuristic fantasy. They will be commercialised one day. According to recent predictions, fully autonomous or ‘driverless’ vehicles could already be available within five to twenty years. Although traffic will become much safer with autonomous vehicles, accidents will not suddenly disappear. Autonomous vehicles will probably share the road with ‘regular’ non-autonomous cars during a considerably long transition period. This interaction between humans and software will inevitably lead to accidents. Recent accidents show that the technology used in autonomous vehicles is not entirely flawless either. Against this background, this article examines the potential liability of users and producers under Belgian tort law for damage caused by autonomous vehicles. The article proposes a number of solutions to overcome some of the detected hurdles. Although we take a Belgian perspective, most of the article’s findings also apply to other legal systems as they face similar challenges.
Reproachatives and imperatives
Authors: Van Olmen Daniël 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper studies constructions dedicated to the expression of an after the fact reprimand to a second person in the languages of Europe. Taking a usage-based perspective, it argues against earlier analyses of these reproachatives as imperatives, optatives or conditionals, which fail to capture their idiosyncrasies and overpredict both their cross-linguistic frequency and the grammaticality of types of imperative in a language. Based on a closer examination of Dutch, the paper assumes a middle position between the existing views in that it argues for an account of the Dutch reproachative as the hybrid outcome of the interaction of the aforementioned constructions and of processes such as analogy, conventionalization and insubordination. It explores to what extent such an analysis applies to the other European languages featuring a reproachative and what its implications are for our understanding of imperative semantics.
The efficacy of control environment as fraud deterrence in local government
Authors: Nuswantara Dian Anita , Maulidi Ach ,   Pujiono
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In a globalised scenario, the topic of an enormous increase of malfeasance in the local governments, posing catastrophic threats which come from vicious bureaucratic apparatus, becomes a global phenomenon. This current study uses case study material on the risk management control system specially the control environment in Indonesia local governments to extend existing theory by developing a contingency theory for the public sector. Within local government, contingency theory has emerged as a lens for exploring the links between public sector initiatives to improve risk mitigation and the structure of the control system. The case illustrates that the discretion of control environment - the encouragement of a local government’s control environment - is considered as a springboard for fraud deterrence and might be the loopholes in the government control systems.
Exploring the Leadership Skill and Challenge in Responding Natural Disaster: Lesson Learning from Leaders Involved in Emergency Response of Bangladesh
Authors: Bahauddin Khalid Md. , Iftakhar Nayma 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Bangladesh is widely known as a land of natural disasters and remains classified as one the most vulnerable countries in the world. Over the last thirty years, Bangladesh has experienced nearly 200 natural disasters accounted for damage of asset, property and, livelihoods and over thousands of death toll. In this connection, effective leadership is critical in order to make disaster response system operative in an effective and efficient manner. This study explores the disaster leadership with a view of identifying the essential leadership skills that are needed by leaders to effectively respond in the aftermath of disaster. It also intends to explore challenges that these leaders face, with a view of improving disaster response leadership. This study revealed that some key essential leadership skills such as intuitiveness, decisiveness, communication, networking, accountability, and learning are required to respond disasters effectively. Findings from this study provided not only an overview of leadership skills needed to face challenges, but also the challenges that these leaders face, with a view of equating the challenges with appropriate skill needed to respond in the context of Bangladesh.
Every Move You Make: Exploring Practical Issues in Smartphone Motion Sensor Fingerprinting and Countermeasures
Authors: Das Anupam , Borisov Nikita , Chou Edward 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe ability to track users’ activities across different websites and visits is a key tool in advertising and surveillance. The HTML5 DeviceMotion interface creates a new opportunity for such tracking via fingerprinting of smartphone motion sensors. We study the feasibility of carrying out such fingerprinting under real-world constraints and on a large scale. In particular, we collect measurements from several hundred users under realistic scenarios and show that the state-of-the-art techniques provide very low accuracy in these settings. We then improve fingerprinting accuracy by changing the classifier as well as incorporating auxiliary information. We also show how to perform fingerprinting in an open-world scenario where one must distinguish between known and previously unseen users.We next consider the problem of developing fingerprinting countermeasures; we evaluate the usability of a previously proposed obfuscation technique and a newly developed quantization technique via a large-scale user study. We find that both techniques are able to drastically reduce fingerprinting accuracy without significantly impacting the utility of the sensors in web applications.
Martin Luther’s Reformation Reflected in the Orthodox Theology
Authors: Benga Daniel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article presents an evaluation of Martin Luther’s reformatory theology from the point of view of orthodox theology. To this day there are only a few orthodox theologians who have undertaken systematic analyzes of Luther’s theology. Although their attitude to Lutheran theology was critical, they underlined that Martin Luther did not want to form a new denomination. They viewed Martin Luther’s Reformation not as a renewal of ecclesial life, but as an innovation within Christianity. The ecumenical dialogues have brought about a change in the understanding of Lutheran theology, in the sense that there are some orthodox theologians who have worked out convergent Lutheran doctrines with orthodox theology.
Cluster analysis and subgrouping to investigate inter-individual variability to non-invasive brain stimulation: a systematic review
Authors: Pellegrini Michael , Zoghi Maryam , Jaberzadeh Shapour 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Cluster analysis and other subgrouping techniques have risen in popularity in recent years in non-invasive brain stimulation research in the attempt to investigate the issue of inter-individual variability – the issue of why some individuals respond, as traditionally expected, to non-invasive brain stimulation protocols and others do not. Cluster analysis and subgrouping techniques have been used to categorise individuals, based on their response patterns, as responder or non-responders. There is, however, a lack of consensus and consistency on the most appropriate technique to use. This systematic review aimed to provide a systematic summary of the cluster analysis and subgrouping techniques used to date and suggest recommendations moving forward. Twenty studies were included that utilised subgrouping techniques, while seven of these additionally utilised cluster analysis techniques. The results of this systematic review appear to indicate that statistical cluster analysis techniques are effective in identifying subgroups of individuals based on response patterns to non-invasive brain stimulation. This systematic review also reports a lack of consensus amongst researchers on the most effective subgrouping technique and the criteria used to determine whether an individual is categorised as a responder or a non-responder. This systematic review provides a step-by-step guide to carrying out statistical cluster analyses and subgrouping techniques to provide a framework for analysis when developing further insights into the contributing factors of inter-individual variability in response to non-invasive brain stimulation.
A Novel Neuroprotective Mechanism for Lithium That Prevents Association of the p75NTR-Sortilin Receptor Complex and Attenuates proNGF-Induced Neuronal DeathIn VitroandIn Vivo
Authors: Greenwood Shayri G. , Montroull Laura , Volosin Marta , Scharfman Helen E. , Teng Kenneth K. , Light Matthew , Torkin Risa , Maxfield Fredrick , Hempstead Barbara L. , Friedman Wilma J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNeurotrophins play critical roles in the survival, maintenance and death of neurons. In particular, proneurotrophins have been shown to mediate cell death following brain injury induced by status epilepticus (SE) in rats. Previous studies have shown that pilocarpine-induced seizures lead to increased levels of proNGF, which binds to the p75NTR-sortilin receptor complex to elicit apoptosis. A screen to identify compounds that block proNGF binding and uptake into cells expressing p75 and sortilin identified lithium citrate as a potential inhibitor of proNGF and p75NTR-mediated cell death. In this study, we demonstrate that low, submicromolar doses of lithium citrate effectively inhibited proNGF-induced cell death in cultured neurons and protected hippocampal neurons following pilocarpine-induced SEin vivo. We analyzed specific mechanisms by which lithium citrate afforded neuroprotection and determined that lithium citrate prevented the association and internalization of the p75NTR-sortilin receptor complex. Our results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which low-dose treatments of lithium citrate are effective in attenuating p75NTR-mediated cell deathin vitroandin vivo.
Developmental Disability at School Age and Difficulty Obtaining Follow-up Data
Authors: Doyle Lex W. , Anderson Peter J. , Burnett Alice , Callanan Catherine , McDonald Marion , Hayes Marie , Opie Gillian , Carse Elizabeth , Cheong Jeanie L.Y. ,   for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study (VICS) Group
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:
The relationship of developmental disability rates with difficulty obtaining follow-up data is unclear. With this study, we aimed to determine if children who attended research follow-up assessments with more difficulty had more disability at school age, compared with those who attended with less difficulty, and to establish the relationship between follow-up and disability rates.

METHODS:
Two groups, comprising 219 consecutive survivors born at &lt;28 weeks’ gestation or at &lt;1000 g birth weight in the state of Victoria, Australia, in 2005, and 218 term-born, normal birth weight controls were assessed at 8 years of age for neurodevelopmental disability (any of IQ &lt;−1 SD, cerebral palsy, blindness, or deafness). Children were classified as either more or less difficult to get to attend by research nurses involved in the study.

RESULTS:
The follow-up rate was 87% for both groups. Overall, children who attended with more difficulty had higher rates of neurodevelopmental disability (42%; 19 of 45) than those who attended with less difficulty (20%; 66 of 328) (odds ratio: 3.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.58 to 6.01; P = .001). As the follow-up rate rose among the 3 individual hospitals involved in the assessments, so did the rate of neurodevelopmental disability (P = .025).

CONCLUSIONS:
Children who attend with more difficulty have higher rates of neurodevelopmental disability at school age than those who attend with less difficulty, and disability rates rise with higher follow-up rates. Rates of neurodevelopmental disability will be underestimated if researchers are not persistent enough to obtain high follow-up rates.