bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory of M-system
Authors: Essert Mario , Kuzmanović Ivana , Vazler Ivan , Žilić Tihomir 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article introduces a new formal theory, the theory of $M$-system, which represents a many-valued logic system. Basic terms and concepts are defined which are the foundation for their further application. Though the theory comes from the field of electric circuitry, an attempt will be made to extend it to applications in linguistics. To check the examples used in this article, a Haskell program was made, which can be found at https://www.schoolofhaskell.com/user/ivazler/linguistic.
Transcranial Doppler Waveforms During Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Counterpulsation for Vasospasm Detection After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Morris Nicholas A , Manning Nathan , Marshall Randolph S , Connolly E Sander , Claassen Jan , Agarwal Sachin , Roh David J , Schmidt J Michael , Park Soojin 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Transcranial Doppler ultrasound is a standard screening tool for vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Prevention of vasospasm-induced delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage depends on optimization of cerebral perfusion pressure, which can be challenged by neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy. Intra-aortic balloon pumps have been utilized to augment cerebral perfusion, but they change the transcranial Doppler waveform, altering its interpretability for vasospasm screening.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the features of the transcranial Doppler waveform that correlate with vasospasm.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage that underwent same-day transcranial Doppler ultrasound and angiography. Transcranial Doppler waveforms were assessed for mean velocity, peak systolic velocity, balloon pump-augmented diastolic velocity, and a novel feature, “delta velocity” (balloon pump-augmented velocity − systolic velocity). Relationship of flow velocity features to vasospasm was estimated by generalized estimating equation models using a Gaussian distribution and an exchangeable correlation structure.

RESULTS
There were 31 transcranial Doppler and angiography pairings (12 CT angiography/19 digital subtraction angiography) from 4 patients. Fourteen pairings had proximal vasospasm by angiography. Delta velocity was associated with proximal vasospasm (coefficient –6.8 [95% CI –9.8 to –3.8], P < .001). There was no significant correlation with proximal vasospasm for mean velocity (coefficient –13.0 [95% CI –29.3 to 3.4], P = .12), systolic velocity (coefficient –8.7 [95% CI –24.8 to 7.3], P = .29), or balloon pump-augmented velocity (coefficient –15.3 [95% CI –31.3 to 0.71], P = .06).

CONCLUSION
Delta velocity, a novel transcranial Doppler flow velocity feature, may reflect vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and intra-aortic balloon pumps.
Optimal Tax Progressivity: An Analytical Framework*
Authors: Heathcote Jonathan , Storesletten Kjetil , Violante Giovanni L. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
What shapes the optimal degree of progressivity of the tax and transfer system? On the one hand, a progressive tax system can counteract inequality in initial conditions and substitute for imperfect private insurance against idiosyncratic earnings risk. On the other hand, progressivity reduces incentives to work and to invest in skills, distortions that are especially costly when the government must finance public goods. We develop a tractable equilibrium model that features all of these trade-offs. The analytical expressions we derive for social welfare deliver a transparent understanding of how preference, technology, and market structure parameters influence the optimal degree of progressivity. A calibration for the U.S. economy indicates that endogenous skill investment, flexible labor supply, and the desire to finance government purchases play quantitatively similar roles in limiting optimal progressivity. In a version of the model where poverty constrains skill investment, optimal progressivity is close to the U.S. value. An empirical analysis on cross-country data offers support to the theory.
Identification of potential genes that contributed to the variation in the taxoid contents between two Taxus species (Taxus media and Taxus mairei)
Authors: Yu Chunna , Guo Hong , Zhang Yangyang , Song Yaobin , Pi Erxu , Yu Chenliang , Zhang Lei , Dong Ming , Zheng Bingsong , Wang Huizhong , Shen Chenjia 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Taxol is currently a valuable anticancer drug; however, the accumulated mixture of taxoids can vary greatly among Taxus species. So far, there is very little genomic information for the genus Taxus, except for Taxus baccata. Transcriptome analysis is a powerful approach to explore the different regulatory mechanisms underlying the taxoid biosynthesis pathway in Taxus species. First, we quantified the variation in the taxoid contents between Taxus media and Taxus mairei. The contents of paclitaxel and 10-deacetylpaclitaxel in T. media are higher than that in T. mairei. Then, the transcriptome profiles of T. media and T. mairei were analyzed to investigate the altered expressions. A total of 20,704 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 9865 unigenes predominantly expressed in T. media and 10,839 unigenes predominantly expressed in T. mairei, were identified. In total, 120 jasmonic acid-related DEGs were analyzed, suggesting variations in ‘response to JA stimulus’ and ‘JA biosynthetic process’ pathways between T. media and T. mairei. Furthermore, a number of genes related to the precursor supply, taxane skeleton formation and hydroxylation, and C13-side chain assembly were also identified. The differential expression of the candidate genes involved in taxoid biosynthetic pathways may explain the variation in the taxoid contents between T. media and T. mairei.
Identifying Distinct Subgroups of ICU Patients: A Machine Learning Approach*
Authors: Vranas Kelly C. , Jopling Jeffrey K. , Sweeney Timothy E. , Ramsey Meghan C. , Milstein Arnold S. , Slatore Christopher G. , Escobar Gabriel J. , Liu Vincent X. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives:
Identifying subgroups of ICU patients with similar clinical needs and trajectories may provide a framework for more efficient ICU care through the design of care platforms tailored around patients’ shared needs. However, objective methods for identifying these ICU patient subgroups are lacking. We used a machine learning approach to empirically identify ICU patient subgroups through clustering analysis and evaluate whether these groups might represent appropriate targets for care redesign efforts.

Design:
We performed clustering analysis using data from patients’ hospital stays to retrospectively identify patient subgroups from a large, heterogeneous ICU population.

Setting:
Kaiser Permanente Northern California, a healthcare delivery system serving 3.9 million members.

Patients:
ICU patients 18 years old or older with an ICU admission between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2012, at one of 21 Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We used clustering analysis to identify putative clusters among 5,000 patients randomly selected from 24,884 ICU patients. To assess cluster validity, we evaluated the distribution and frequency of patient characteristics and the need for invasive therapies. We then applied a classifier built from the sample cohort to the remaining 19,884 patients to compare the derivation and validation clusters. Clustering analysis successfully identified six clinically recognizable subgroups that differed significantly in all baseline characteristics and clinical trajectories, despite sharing common diagnoses. In the validation cohort, the proportion of patients assigned to each cluster was similar and demonstrated significant differences across clusters for all variables.

Conclusions:
A machine learning approach revealed important differences between empirically derived subgroups of ICU patients that are not typically revealed by admitting diagnosis or severity of illness alone. Similar data-driven approaches may provide a framework for future organizational innovations in ICU care tailored around patients’ shared needs.
Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life after Breast Reconstruction: Comparing 4 Different Methods of Reconstruction
Authors: Thorarinsson Andri , Fröjd Victoria , Kölby Lars , Ljungdal Johan , Taft Charles , Mark Hans 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Studies have confirmed that breast reconstruction is beneficial to improve health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in breast cancer patients. Our aim was to compare 4 different methods of breast reconstruction on patient satisfaction and HR-QoL using both general and specific patient-reported outcome instruments.

Methods:
Retrospectively, 459 patients who underwent breast reconstruction with a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap, latissimus dorsi flap, lateral thoracodorsal flap, or expander with secondary implant and who had responded to the questionnaires were enrolled. Questionnaire answers, together with demographic and follow-up data, were statistically analyzed and compared between groups. Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) results were also compared with those from a sample of 930 age-matched women from the Swedish population.

Results:
There were slight differences in the SF-36 results but no significant differences in Psychological General Well-Being Index and EuroQoL-5 Dimension Questionnaire results between groups. Analysis of Breast-Q showed that the DIEP group had significantly higher score on the scale satisfaction with breast, significantly higher score in satisfaction with outcome than the lateral thoracodorsal flap (P = 0.014) and EXP groups (P = 0.024). There were no significant differences in most of the domains of the HR-QoL instruments. The higher satisfaction with breasts and outcome in the DIEP group is interesting, considering the higher complication rates associated with this reconstruction method.

Conclusions:
Patients who underwent breast reconstruction with a DIEP flap were more satisfied with their reconstructed breast and outcome than the other 3 groups. Breast reconstruction centers should make DIEP reconstruction widely available to patients after mastectomy.
Case of Presumed Transient Light-Sensitivity Syndrome After Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Desautels Jordan D. , Moshirfar Majid , Quist Tyler S. , Skanchy David F. , Hoopes Phillip C. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
To report the first presumed case of transient light-sensitivity syndrome (TLSS) after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

Methods:
A 27-year-old male patient was treated for severe photophobic symptoms occurring 7 weeks after undergoing a bilateral SMILE procedure. His comprehensive ocular examination was unremarkable and his visual acuity was unaffected. Treatment was a month-long tapering dose of topical steroids.

Results:
Photophobic symptoms fully resolved after steroid treatment. TLSS related to SMILE mirrors TLSS after laser in situ keratomileusis in both onset and steroid responsiveness.

Conclusions:
TLSS is a rare and minor complication of SMILE. Photophobic symptoms associated with post-SMILE TLSS are fully responsive to topical corticosteroids.
Long-Term Ocular Surface Stability in Conjunctival Limbal Autograft Donor Eyes
Authors: Cheung Albert Y. , Sarnicola Enrica , Holland Edward J. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
To investigate the incidence of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) in donor eyes after conjunctival limbal autograft (CLAU).

Methods:
An observational retrospective review was performed on all patients who underwent CLAU alone, combined keratolimbal allograft with CLAU (“Modified Cincinnati Procedure”), or combined living-related conjunctival limbal allograft (lr-CLAL) with CLAU having ≥6 months of follow-up after surgery. The outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and ocular surface status.

Results:
The inclusion criteria were fulfilled by 45 patients. Of these, 26 patients underwent CLAU, 18 underwent combined keratolimbal allograft/CLAU, and 1 underwent combined lr-CLAL/CLAU. Mean age at the time of surgery was 39.6 years. Mean logMAR preoperative BCVA was −0.08. There were no operative complications. The mean follow-up duration after surgery was 48.3 months (range 8.3–181.5 mo). At last follow-up, all eyes maintained a stable ocular surface, and mean logMAR BCVA was −0.05.

Conclusions:
With the advent of newer ocular surface transplantation methods, there has been concern that CLAU carries the theoretical risk of inducing LSCD. Our long-term clinical results following donor eyes after CLAU demonstrate no signs of LSCD.
Efficacy of Sodium Hyaluronate in Murine Diabetic Ocular Surface Diseases
Authors: Di Guohu , Qi Xia , Zhao Xiaowen , Zhang Songmei , Zhou Qingjun 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of sodium hyaluronate (HA) eye drops for the treatment of diabetic ocular surface diseases in mice.

Methods:
Male 6- to 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice underwent induction of type 1 diabetes with intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin, with normal mice as the control. Topical 0.3% HA, 0.1% HA, 0.4% polyethylene glycol eye drops, and normal saline were administered to diabetic mice with an intact or debrided corneal epithelium. Normal saline was applied in the controls. Corneal epithelial wound healing rate, corneal sensation, nerve fiber density, conjunctival goblet cell number, and MUC-5AC content were measured and compared.

Results:
Compared with the controls, topical 0.3% HA use in diabetic mice showed significant improvements in the corneal epithelial wound healing rate (48 hours: 91.5% ± 4.8% vs. 79.8% ± 6.1%; P < 0.05), corneal sensitivity (4.1 ± 0.3 cm vs. 3.5 ± 0.3 cm; P < 0.05), nerve fiber density (12.9% ± 2.3% vs. 6.6% ± 2.4%; P < 0.05), conjunctival goblet cell number (31.0 ± 8.4/100 μm vs. 19.6 ± 7.1/100 μm; P < 0.05), and MUC-5AC content (12.5 ± 1.4 ng/mg vs. 7.8 ± 1.5 ng/mg protein; P < 0.05). The beneficial effects of 0.3% HA were better than those of 0.1% HA and 0.4% polyethylene glycol.

Conclusions:
Topical 0.3% HA treatment promoted corneal epithelial regeneration, improved corneal sensation, and increased density of corneal nerve fibers and conjunctival goblet cells in mice with diabetic ocular surface diseases.
Investigation of the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Chapman Erin B. , Nasypany Alan , May Jim , Henry Timothy , Hummel Chris , Jun Hyung-pil 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS) is an appropriate outcome measure to assess knowledge and attitudes toward concussion in collegiate student-athletes as determined through validity and reliability testing.

Study Design:
Convenience study.

Setting:
The researcher recruited all athletic teams at a Division III National Collegiate Athletic Association institution.

Participants:
Four hundred thirty-three collegiate student-athletes, 18 years of age or older, from a variety of sports took part in this study. As the validity of RoCKAS has never been established for the target population, this study randomly split respondents into 2 studies.

Interventions:
Participants in this study completed the RoCKAS during preseason meetings before concussion education. The primary researcher was not present during the completion of the survey to allow participants to answer honestly without concern of coercion.

Main Outcome Measures:
A paper-based Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey.

Results:
The Concussion Knowledge Index (CKI) was distributed in 2 cluster constructs and identified variables of low and high difficulty. Multivariate statistical analysis of the Concussion Attitude Index (CAI) explains 68.79% of the total variance. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis did not confirm the hypothesis that similar constructs can be found between data sets (

JOURNAL/cjspm/04.03/00042752-201803000-00005/inline-formula1/v/2023-09-24T061108Z/r/image-tiff

= 207.902; consistent akaike information criterion = 391.550; root mean square error of approximation = 0.125, and goodness of fit index = 0.868).

Conclusions:
The CKI is a valid and reliable measure in collegiate student-athletes. However, the results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated a poor model fit and improper correlations between attitude items. Therefore, the CAI may not be a sound outcome measure of collegiate student-athlete's attitudes toward concussions.
Hemobilia
Authors: Cathcart Scott , Birk John W. , Tadros Michael , Schuster Micheal 
Published: June 2017

Goal and Background:A literature review to improve practitioners’ knowledge and performance concerning the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of hemobilia.Study:A search of Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Medline was conducted using the keyword hemobilia and relevant articles were reviewed and analyzed. The findings pertaining to hemobilia etiology, investigation, and management techniques were considered and organized by clinicians practiced in hemobilia.Results:The majority of current hemobilia cases have an iatrogenic cause from either bile duct or liver manipulation. Blunt trauma is also a significant cause of hemobilia. The classic triad presentation of right upper quadrant pain, jaundice, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding is rarely seen. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the preferred diagnostic modalities, and the preferred therapeutic management includes interventional radiology and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Surgery is rarely a therapeutic option.Conclusions:With advances in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging technology, diagnosis with these less invasive investigations are the favored option. However, traditional catheter angiography is still the gold standard. The management of significant hemobilia is still centered on arterial embolization, but arterial and biliary stents have become accepted alternative therapies.
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease With Unilateral Symptoms in the Setting of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Rossi Kyle C. , Stahl Christine M. , Zhang Pengfei , Liang John W. , Marcuse Lara V. , Lublin Fred 
Published: June 2017

Introduction:
Although it is not rare for magnetic resonance imaging findings in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease to be asymmetric, unilateral clinical syndromes are uncommonly reported and may confound diagnosis. In addition, neurological paraneoplastic syndromes are not common in renal cell carcinoma, though there are cases reported, often without an offending antibody isolated.

Case Report:
A 66-year-old man was admitted with 1 month of left-sided numbness and “loss of control” of the left arm. Examination revealed action-induced irregular jerking movements of the left arm. Mental status testing was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging brain revealed patchy areas of restricted diffusion along the cerebral cortices. Screening computed tomographic scans revealed innumerable lung nodules compatible with metastases, as well as a renal mass consistent with renal cell carcinoma. Lumbar puncture was performed and cerebrospinal fluid was sent for paraneoplastic autoantibody evaluation and protein 14-3-3. Over the next week the patient developed dystonic posturing of the left arm, left leg jerking movements, a right arm action tremor, and cognitive impairment. Paraneoplastic autoantibodies were negative. Protein 14-3-3 was elevated and brain biopsy revealed spongiform encephalopathy with positive immunoblotting. The patient died about 2 months from symptom onset.

Conclusions:
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease can present with entirely unilateral myoclonus and numbness, without specific complaints of cognitive impairment. Not every difficult or unclear neurological syndrome in a patient with metastatic cancer is a paraneoplastic syndrome.
Deep Residual Network Reveals a Nested Hierarchy of Distributed Cortical Representation for Visual Categorization
Authors: Wen Haiguang , Shi Junxing , Chen Wei , Liu Zhongming 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe brain represents visual objects with topographic cortical patterns. To address how distributed visual representations enable object categorization, we established predictive encoding models based on a deep residual neural network, and trained them to predict cortical responses to natural movies. Using this predictive model, we mapped human cortical representations to 64,000 visual objects from 80 categories with high throughput and accuracy. Such representations covered both the ventral and dorsal pathways, reflected multiple levels of object features, and preserved semantic relationships between categories. In the entire visual cortex, object representations were modularly organized into three categories: biological objects, non-biological objects, and background scenes. In a finer scale specific to each module, object representations revealed sub-modules for further categorization. These findings suggest that increasingly more specific category is represented by cortical patterns in progressively finer spatial scales. Such a nested hierarchy may be a fundamental principle for the brain to categorize visual objects with various levels of specificity, and can be explained and differentiated by object features at different levels.
Epigenome-Based Drug Repositioning in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Brown Adam S , Patel Chirag J 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundRepositioning approved drugs for the treatment of new indications is a promising avenue to reduce the burden of drug development. Most currently available computational methods based on molecular evidence can only utilize gene expression for repositioning despite a growing interest in the epigenome in human disease. We recently described a novel repositioning method, ksRepo, that enables investigators to move beyond microarray-based gene expression and utilize a variety of other sources of molecular evidence, such as DNA methylation differences.MethodsWe downloaded differential DNA methylation data from two publicly available acute myeloid leukemia (AML) datasets, a cancer with known, extensive epigenomic perturbations. We consolidated CpGs-level to non-directional gene-level differential methylation using Brown’s correction to Fisher’s method. We then used ksRepo, which ignores directionality in disease- and gene-drug associations, to mine the resulting prioritized gene lists and and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) for predicted repositioning candidates.ResultsWe successfully recovered four compounds that were significant (FDR < 0.05) in two AML datasets: cytarabine, alitretinoin, panobinostat, and progesterone. Cytarabine is the most commonly used frontline therapy for AML and alitretinoin, panobinostat, and progesterone have all been investigated for the treatment of AML.Conclusions.Combining a method for consolidating CpG methylation to the gene level with ksRepo provides a pipeline for deriving drug repositioning hypotheses from differential DNA methylation. We claim that our platform can be extended to other diseases with epigenetic perturbations and to other epigenomic modalities, such as ChIP-seq.