bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does it matter whether levator avulsion is diagnosed pre‐ or postoperatively?
Authors: Abdul Jalil S. S. , Guzman Rojas R. , Dietz H. P. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveLevator ani muscle avulsion is found in 15–30% of parturients and is associated with recurrence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) following surgery, although most published evidence on recurrence relates to postoperative diagnosis. We performed a study to determine whether a diagnosis of avulsion after pelvic floor surgery can be used as a proxy for preoperative diagnosis.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 207 patients who were seen before and after surgery for POP between February 2007 and May 2013. All assessments included a three/four‐dimensional transperineal tomographic ultrasound examination. Volume data were stored and analyzed at a later date by an operator who was blinded against all clinical data. The primary outcome measure was agreement between preoperative and postoperative diagnoses of avulsion, as evaluated by Cohen's kappa. Secondary outcome measures were the associations of pre‐ and postoperative diagnoses of levator avulsion with prolapse recurrence, defined as International Continence Society POP‐Q Stage ≥ 2 in any compartment.ResultsMean follow‐up after surgery was 1.3 (range, 0.3–5.5) years. Levator avulsion was found preoperatively in 111 (53.6%) patients and postoperatively in 109 (52.7%). The kappa value for the association between pre‐ and postoperative avulsion was 0.864 (95% CI, 0.796–0.933), signifying high agreement. The odds ratio of prolapse recurrence in women with a preoperative diagnosis of avulsion was 2.5 (95% CI, 1.3–4.5) and in those with a postoperative diagnosis it was 2.3 (95% CI, 1.3–4.2).ConclusionsThe diagnosis of levator avulsion by tomographic pelvic floor ultrasound is equally valid before and after pelvic reconstructive surgery for POP, and both diagnoses show excellent agreement. This implies that a postoperative diagnosis of avulsion can be used as a proxy for preoperative diagnosis. Hence, avulsion can be identified postoperatively and used for subgroup analysis in prospective surgical intervention trials to define high‐risk patients. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Can middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity predict polycythemia in monochorionic–diamniotic twins? Evidence from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Fishel‐Bartal M. , Weisz B. , Mazaki‐Tovi S. , Ashwal E. , Chayen B. , Lipitz S. , Yinon Y. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe antenatal diagnosis of twin anemia–polycythemia sequence (TAPS) in monochorionic–diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies is based on elevated peak systolic velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA‐PSV) in the donor twin and decreased MCA‐PSV in the recipient twin. However, the association between these parameters and polycythemia has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to determine whether MCA‐PSV can predict polycythemia in MCDA pregnancies.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of MCDA pregnancies recruited at 14–18 weeks' gestation from a single tertiary care center between January 2011 and June 2014. Fetal MCA Doppler waveforms were recorded every 2 weeks from 18 weeks' gestation until delivery. Only those with an MCA‐PSV measurement within 1 week of delivery were included in the analysis. Neonatal hematocrit level was determined in all twins from venous blood obtained within 4 h of delivery. Polycythemia was defined as a hematocrit of > 65%, and anemia as a hematocrit of < 45%. TAPS was diagnosed when an intertwin hemoglobin difference of > 8 g/dL and reticulocyte count ratio of > 1.7 were observed.ResultsOf 162 MCDA pregnancies followed during the study period, 69 had an MCA‐PSV measurement within 1 week of delivery and were included in the study. Twenty‐five neonates were diagnosed with polycythemia and nine twin pairs met the criteria for TAPS. In a pooled analysis, MCA‐PSV was negatively correlated with neonatal hematocrit (P = 0.017, r = −0.215) and was significantly higher in anemic fetuses than in normal controls (1.15 multiples of the median (MoM) vs 1.02 MoM, respectively; P = 0.001). However, MCA‐PSV was similar among polycythemic and normal fetuses (0.95 MoM vs 1.02 MoM, respectively; P = 0.47). Intertwin difference in MCA‐PSV (delta MCA‐PSV) was positively correlated with intertwin hematocrit difference (P = 0.002, r = 0.394). Moreover, twin pregnancies with an intertwin hematocrit difference of > 24% had a significantly greater delta MCA‐PSV than did those with an intertwin hematocrit difference of ≤ 24% (delta MCA‐PSV, 19 vs 5 cm/s; P < 0.001).ConclusionsMCA‐PSV is not significantly decreased in polycythemic MCDA twins. However, delta MCA‐PSV is associated with a large intertwin difference in hematocrit, and its use may be better than conventional methods for the risk assessment of TAPS. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Abscheidung von SiOxNy Sperrschichten durch Dual Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Tinkham Brad P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSiOxNy Sperrschichten wurden mittels reaktiven Sputterns unter Verwendung von Mittelfrequenz (MF‐) und gepulster Gleichstrom (DC‐) Generatortechnologie auf GEN 5 (ca. 1,54 m2) Glassubstraten abgeschieden. Zur Bestimmung der optischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften der Schichten, inklusive Homogenität, wurden UV/VIS Spektroskopie, Ellipsometrie und Rasterkraftmikroskopie eingesetzt. Die Wirksamkeit der SiOxNy Beschichtungen als Sperrschicht gegen thermisch aktivierte Na+‐Diffusion wurde durch Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung und Lagerung in einer feuchten Umgebung anschließend evaluiert.
Wind turbine overspeed protection based on polytopic robustly invariant sets
Authors: Hure Nikola , Vašak Mario , Jelavić Mate , Perić Nedjeljko 
Published: December 2015

AbstractComplex mechanical systems, such as wind turbines, often include safety constraints which should not be violated in order to avoid high risk of structural damage. Adherence to the safety constraints is ensured with a well‐designed operating envelope protection. In this paper, we present an invariant set‐based protection concept with the application to the wind turbine overspeed protection. The approach is model‐based and operates without wind‐preview measurements. Instead, it is based on the evolution model of the wind disturbance in the worst‐case scenario manner. Accurate system estimation utilizing the blade root in‐plane measurement is proposed, along with the efficient algorithm for the hard real‐time operation of the protection system. The overspeed protection system is validated in extensive simulations on extreme turbulent wind, performed in GH Bladed. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed concept compared with the baseline controller performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bisphosphonate Treatment in Osteoporosis: Optimal Duration of Therapy and the Incorporation of a Drug Holiday
Authors: Villa Jordan C. , Gianakos Arianna , Lane Joseph M. 
Published: December 2015

Background Bisphosphonates are the most widely used treatment for osteoporosis. They accumulate in the bone for years, and therefore, their inhibitory effects on osteoclasts may persist after drug discontinuation. The ideal duration of therapy remains controversial. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study is to review the literature to determine the (1) indications for drug holiday, (2) the duration of drug holiday, (3) the evaluation during drug holiday, and (4) the proper treatment and maintenance after drug holiday. Methods A review of two electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE) was conducted using the term “(Drug holiday),” in January 29, 2015. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) clinical trials and case control, (2) human studies, (3) published in a peer-review journal, and (4) written in English. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) case reports, (2) case series, and (3) in vitro studies. Results The literature supports a therapeutic pause after 3–5 years of bisphosphonate treatment in patients with minor bone deficiencies and no recent fragility fracture (low risk) and in patients with moderate bone deficiencies and/or recent fragility fracture (moderate risk). In these patients, a bone health reevaluation is recommended every 1–3 years. Patients with high fracture risk should be maintained on bisphosphonate therapy without drug holiday. Conclusion The duration and length of drug holiday should be individualized for each patient. Evaluation should be based on serial bone mass measurements, bone turnover rates, and fracture history evaluation. If after drug therapy, assessments show an increased risk of fracture, the patient may benefit from initiating another treatment. Raloxifene, teriparatide, or denosumab are available options.
Lower Irritation Potential of Laureth‐3 Carboxylate Amino Acid Salt
Authors: Ito Seito , Kawata Jyunichi , Kameda Munekazu , Miyazawa Mitsuo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSodium laureth sulfate and amino acid type surfactants have been categorized as low‐skin irritation chemicals based on results of previous skin irritation tests. However, detergent‐induced skin irritation still occurs. Detergents with a low‐skin irritation effect are required, since the number of cosmetics for sensitive skin has increased. Therefore, an in vitro method of testing the safety of cosmetics for sensitive skin is required. Skin irritation by anionic surfactants was investigated to determine the effect of laureth‐3 carboxylate (polyoxyethylene lauryl carboxymethyl ether) amino acid salt on skin irritation. In addition, sodium laureth sulfate and amino acid type surfactants, regarded as low‐irritation surfactants, were also tested for skin irritation. The skin irritation effect of laureth‐3 carboxylate lysine salt (Surfactant 1), sodium laureth sulfate (Surfactant 2), and sodium N‐lauroyl glutamate (Surfactant 3) were investigated using a reconstructed human cultured epidermal model, LabCyte EPI‐MODEL24 6D. Cell viabilities of cultured epidermal cells exposed to Surfactant 1 (5.0 % aq.), Surfactant 2, and Surfactant 3 were 82.0, 45.0 and 19.1 %, respectively. There were significant differences in cell viability upon exposure to 5.0 % aqueous test solutions of the three test chemicals. The results of the current investigation indicate that Surfactant 1 has a low skin‐irritation effect.
The Simulacrum System as a Construct for Mass Spectrometry of Triacylglycerols and Others
Authors: Byrdwell William Craig 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA construct called a simulacrum is defined that provides all possible solutions to a sum of two mass spectral abundances, based on values (abundances) or ratios of those values. The defined construct is applied to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (MS) of triacylglycerols (TAG). A simulacrum has precisely defined components, specifically a simulacrum sum, four Possibilities to Observe, two Cases, and eight solutions. A simulacrum with no restrictions is the First General Form of a Simulacrum. When one value is specified to be 1 (as in MS), the construct is called a Unit Simulacrum, also called the First Specified Form of a Simulacrum. When one value is 1 and no value can be greater than 1 (the two specifications dictated by mass spectrometry), the construct is called the Second Specified Form of a Simulacrum, or the Mass Spectrometry Simulacrum. Simulacra are used with three Critical Ratios calculated from raw abundances in mass spectra of TAG to provide structural information about the degree of unsaturation in TAG, the identity and quantity of regioisomers, and other structural characteristics. Three‐level‐deep nested simulacrum solutions yield the recently reported Updated Bottom Up Solution, from which the protonated molecule, [MH]+, and all diacylglycerol‐like fragments, [DAG]+, of TAG can be reproduced from the Critical Ratios. Thus, the simulacrum solutions constitute a reduced data set in which more information is provided in fewer values than raw abundances, such that the Critical Ratios constitute a compact library of mass spectra.
Neue syndromale Krankheitsbilder mit Mikrozephalie
Authors: Wieczorek Dagmar 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Mikrozephalie ist definiert als Kopfumfang unterhalb der dritten Perzentile bzw. ein Kopfumfang, der mehr als zwei Standardabweichungen unterhalb des Mittelwerts unter Berücksichtigung von Alter und Geschlecht liegt. Auch wenn es isolierte Formen der Mikrozephalie gibt, so ist eine Kombination mit anderen klinischen Zeichen doch häufig zu beobachten. Hierbei handelt es sich dann um syndromale Mikrozephalien. Die Tatsache, dass in der London Medical Database fast 1000 Entitäten eingetragen sind, die mit einer Mikrozephalie einhergehen, zeigt, wie komplex dieses Thema ist. Dieser Artikel hat deshalb auch nicht den Anspruch, einen kompletten Überblick zu dieser Thematik zu geben, sondern fokussiert auf einzelne neue Mikrozephaliesyndrome, deren molekulare Ursachen erst kürzlich identifiziert wurden. Anhand von kurzen Beschreibungen des klinischen und molekularen Spektrums unter Einbeziehung von Fotografien sollen diese neuen Syndrome vorgestellt werden.
Limitations and Ambiguities of Colonialism in Guinea-Bissau. Examining the Creole and “Civilized” Space in Colonial Society
Authors: Kohl Christoph 
Published: December 2015

Abstract:This paper is about the exploration of discrepancies between words and deeds of Portuguese colonial rule in Guinea-Bissau, Portugal pretending to “integrate” and “enable” into colonial society those individuals of African origin who were deemed to be “civilized.” The essay illustrates potentials and limitations of margins of maneuver of those supposedly subjected under colonial rule. Against this background I will analyze the transformations, continuities, and ruptures of creole identities throughout time, showing how identitarian categories and classifications evolved, changed, and disappeared. It will be shown how the intersection with other identities has been a key characteristic of creole identity over time. In doing so, the analysis focuses on different areas, such as population demographics and classifications, education, and political participation.
On the Boundary Value Kirsch's Problem
Authors: Rezini D. , Khaldi A. , Rahmani Y. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAnalytical closed-form solution to the stress distribution associated with a hole in finite plates subjected to tension has not been obtained yet. Wherefore, a method developed in this paper is based on a Beltrami-Michell methodology analyzing the Kirsch's problem under finite dimensions conditions of both plane stress and plane strain. This aimed ability is achieved by combining the Beltrami-Michell plane equations, isochromatic information on the boundaries only; and the finite difference method into an effectual hybrid method for analyzing rectangular plates of finite width with circular holes. Furthermore, the Beltrami-Michell methodology suggested may be applied on other plate and cut-out forms.
Dynamic Inhomogeneous Isoparametric Element with Coordinate Transformation
Authors: Yang Z.-L. , Zhang J.-W. , Wang Y. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBased on the coordinate transformation method, the formula of the dynamic inhomogeneous isoparametric finite element method is presented for generating element stiffness, damping and mass matrices. First, the global coordinate form and simplified form of dynamic inhomogeneous finite element are given in this paper. Then, the discrete material parameter distributions under the isoparametric coordinate system are obtained by using the transformation relationship between the global coordinates and the isoparametric coordinates. The simplified form with the discrete material parameter distributions is obtained for generating the element stiffness and mass matrices of the dynamic inhomogeneous isoparametric element. The numerical examples show that the scheme proposed in present paper has high precision.
Plank-built in the Bronze Age
Authors: Hale J. R. 
Published: December 2015

In 1972 Paul Johnstone initiated a project to build and sail a hide-covered boat which would embody the theories of those Norwegian scholars—in particular Professor Sverre Marstrander—who have classified the boats of the Scandinavian Bronze Age with the Eskimo umiak and the Irish curragh. Thanks to the publicity given the experimental model by the BBC ‘Chronicle’ series and the enthusiastic advocacy of Bregger, Marstrander and Johnstone himself (‘Bronze age sea trial’, Antiquity, XLVI, 1972), the skin-boat theory has become almost an orthodoxy in Britain and Scandinavia. In fact, however, the reconstructed boat itself clearly demonstrated the awkwardness of translating into the medium of a hidecovered frame the boat designs of the bronze age rock art, which include several features utterly irreconcilable with the requirements and norms of skin-boat construction.
For no type of boat before the age of photography has such a vast corpus of evidence been preserved as for the vessel that served the fishermen, traders and raiding parties of Scandinavia between 1200 and 600 BC (that is, the Bronze Age periods 111, IV and V). The boat is a favoured motif in thousands of rock carvings in southern Norway, Sweden, and the Baltic islands, and on at least 200 late bronze age razors from Denmark and North Germany.
Stable isotope composition of hypogenic speleothem calcite in Kalana (Estonia) as a record of microbial methanotrophy and fluid evolution
Authors: EENSAAR JAAN , PANI TÕNU , GAŠKOV MIKK , SEPP HOLAR , KIRSIMÄE KALLE 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAeronian (Silurian Period) carbonate rocks in Kalana quarry in central Estonia contain cave and fracture structures filled with calcitic speleothem precipitates of atypical composition. Calcite crystals in dolomitized limestone cave walls have diverse shapes (equant-blocky, bladed and fibrous), but most of the cave walls and speleothems are covered with an up to 10 cm thick crust of microcrystalline botryoidal calcite. The morphology of precipitates suggests their formation in low hydrodynamic conditions in water supersaturated with calcite. Calcite in speleothems is associated with the mineralization of sulphur-bearing minerals, such as pyrite and abundant barite. Unlike that of speleothem calcite, the stable isotope composition of authigenic calcite shows extreme depletion in13C and large variations in δ13CPDBfrom –11 to –56‰, whereas the δ18OPDBvalues range from –5 to –12‰, suggesting calcite precipitation from a13C-depleted carbon source supplied by microbially mediated anaerobic oxidation of methane and/or other hydrocarbons at elevated temperatures (up to 70°C). Systematic variation in the δ13CPDBand δ18OPDBvalues of layered precipitates indicates a change from an initially biogenic methane source to an either thermogenic methane or hydrocarbon source in the low-temperature hydrothermal fluid. Calcite speleothems in Kalana possibly developed at the mixing front of sulphate-rich seawater or groundwater and low-temperature methane-bearing hydrothermal fluids in the phreatic zone of a hypogenic-hydrothermal (karst) system.
Reframing Memory in the School Classroom: Remembering the Malvinas War
Authors: BENWELL MATTHEW C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNarratives of memory have received considerable attention in Argentina but rarely have these been examined in relation to the 1982 Malvinas War. This article focuses on national memory narratives of the war manifest in educational resources and explores how and under what conditions local ways of remembering can transform and/or reproduce such narratives, through research within secondary schools in Río Gallegos, a city in the south of Argentina. It shows how the city's connections with the military and the war generated sensitivities that influenced how the Malvinas was engaged in the classroom. The localised framings deviated from predominant national memory narratives by underplaying the broader context of state terror and overlooking histories associated with the Malvinas before 1982.
Intergenerational support and depression among Chinese older adults: do gender and widowhood make a difference?
Authors: GUO MAN , CHI IRIS , SILVERSTEIN MERRIL 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTUsing four-wave panel data of 1,327 older adults in rural China, this study examined potential gender and marital status differences in the relationships between three forms of intergenerational support (monetary, instrumental and emotional support) and the level of depression of the older adults. Results from a pooled time-series fixed-effects model showed that receiving and providing monetary support had a comparable beneficial effect on mothers and fathers, but mothers benefited more psychologically than fathers from closer relationships with their children. Exchanges in instrumental support was not related to either mothers' or fathers' level of depression. Widowhood further affected the gendered relationships between support and depression in that recently widowed fathers had a significantly higher level of depression when they received more monetary support from their children. In contrast, providing monetary support to children was associated with a significantly higher level of depression among recently widowed mothers. We explained the findings in the context of familial and gender norms in the Chinese culture and temporal needs for family support that link with bereavement coping stages among older adults. We argued that the gender and marital status patterns observed in this study are attributive to more fundamental differences in men's and women's social positions in the Chinese society.
Driving Skills Training for Older Adults: An Assessment of DriveSharp
Authors: Johnston Katherine A. , Borkenhagen David , Scialfa Charles T. 
Published: December 2015

RÉSUMÉLes procédures de formation cognitive informatique visent à augmenter la sécurité en améliorant les compétences relatives à la conduite, comme la vitesse-de-traitement et le Useful Field of View. L'étude actuelle a évalué l'efficacité du DriveSharp dans la formation des conducteurs âgés dans un cadre de classe réaliste. Les participants (n = 24) ont assisté à 10 heures de cours de DriveSharp pendant 5 semaines. Les séances pré- et post-test ont evalués améliorations sur un essai dynamique de la perception du risque, Trails A et Trails B. Un groupe de contrôle (n = 18) a terminé seulement les séances pré- et post-test. En classe, les temps de formation étaient plus bas que prévus. L'amélioration des participants aux jeux ont stabilisée après la première évaluation, et le groupe de DriveSharp n'a pas démontré une amélioration significative des performances sur les tests, par rapport au groupe de contrôle. Parmi plusieurs questions relatives à la facilité d'utilisation, les plus problématiques étaient le malentendudes objectifs de la tâche et la différence entre la formation et l'évaluation. Il y a plusieurs implications pour ceux qui utilisent DriveSharp pour améliorer la sécurité des conducteurs âgés.