bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network biogeography of a complex island system: the Aegean Archipelago revisited
Authors: Kougioumoutzis Konstantinos , Valli Anna Thalassini , Georgopoulou Elisavet , Simaiakis Stylianos Michail , Triantis Kostas A. , Trigas Panayiotis 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThe Aegean Archipelago has been the focal research area for identifying and testing several ecological and evolutionary patterns, yet its biogeographical subdivision has been somewhat overlooked, with the processes driving the assembly of the Aegean island plant communities still remaining largely unclear. To bridge this gap, we identify the biogeographical modules (highly linked subgroups of islands and plant taxa) within the Aegean Archipelago.LocationThe Aegean Archipelago, Greece.MethodsWe used a network approach to detect island biogeographical roles and modules, based on a large and detailed database including 1498 Aegean endemic and subendemic plant taxa distributed on 59 Aegean Islands and five adjacent mainland areas.ResultsThe Aegean was divided into six biogeographical modules; the network was significantly modular. None of the modules displayed all four possible biogeographical roles (connectors, module hubs, network hubs, peripherals). Six new biogeographical regions in the Aegean were identified.Main conclusionsThe borders of the six biogeographical regions in the Aegean correspond well to the region's palaeogeographical evolution from the middle Miocene to the end of the Pleistocene. The Central Aegean acts as an ecogeographical filter for the distribution of several plant lineages across the Aegean Sea, while there seems to be a N–S‐oriented biogeographical barrier in the Aegean corresponding to the palaeogeographical situation during the middle Ionian. These biogeographical barriers have been fundamental for both plants and animals.
Pulmonary Vein Stenosis After Second‐Generation Cryoballoon Ablation
Authors: MATSUDA JUNJI , MIYAZAKI SHINSUKE , NAKAMURA HIROAKI , TANIGUCHI HIROSHI , KAJIYAMA TAKATSUGU , HACHIYA HITOSHI , TAKAGI TAKAMITSU , IESAKA YOSHITO , HIRAO KENZO , ISOBE MITSUAKI 
Published: December 2016

PV Stenosis After CryoablationBackgroundPulmonary vein stenosis (PVST) can occur after first‐generation cryoballoon ablation. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, severity, and characteristics of PVST after second‐generation cryoballoon ablation.MethodsIn total, 103 patients underwent PV isolation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using second‐generation cryoballoons with a single big‐balloon 3‐minute freeze technique. Cardiac enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) was performed both before and a median of 6.0 (4.0–8.0) months after the procedure in all. PVST was classified as follows: minimal (<25%), mild (25–50%), moderate (50–70%), or severe (>70%).ResultsIn total, 406 PVs were analyzed. MDCT demonstrated PV stenosis in 10(2.5%) PVs among 8(7.8%) patients. In detail, minimal and mild PVSTs were observed in 6 and 4 PVs, respectively. PVST occurred in the left superior (LSPV), left inferior, and right superior PVs in 6, 1, and 3 PVs, respectively. No stenosis was observed in 15 PVs with active balloon deflations during freezing. All PVSTs had concentric patterns except for 2 PVs with minimal stenosis. Balloon deformities were observed during freezing of 2 PVs with mild stenosis. When the PVST was defined as a >25% decreased diameter, the incidence was 0.98% (4/406; including 3 LSPVs). PVST did not progress further during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsAlthough the incidence of PVST was low, it could occur even if a single big‐balloon short freeze technique was applied. The risk of PV stenosis significantly differed among the 4 PVs, and reaching balloon temperatures of −60 °C and active balloon deflations during freezing were not associated with any PV stenosis.
Integrity of the Ganglionated Plexi Is Essential to Parasympathetic Innervation of the Atrioventricular Node by the Right Vagus Nerve
Authors: XHAET OLIVIER , DE ROY LUC , FLORIA MARIANA , DECEUNINCK OLIVIER , BLOMMAERT DOMINIQUE , DORMAL FABIEN , BALLANT ELISABETH , LA MEIR MARK 
Published: December 2016

AV Node Innervation by the Right Vagus NerveIntroductionRadiofrequency isolation of pulmonary vein can be accompanied by transient sinus bradycardia or atrioventricular nodal (AVN) block, suggesting an influence on vagal cardiac innervation. However, the importance of the atrial fat pads in relation with the vagal innervation of AVN in humans remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ganglionated plexi (GP) in the innervation of the AVN by the right vagus nerve.Methods and ResultsDirect epicardial high‐frequency stimulation (HFS) of the GP (20 patients) and the right vagus nerve (10 patients) was performed before and after fat pad exclusion or destruction in 20 patients undergoing thoracoscopic epicardial ablation for the treatment of persistent AF. Asystole longer than 3 seconds or acute R‐R prolongation over 25% was considered as a positive response to HFS. Prior to the ablation, positive responses to HFS were detected in 3 GPs in 7 patients (35%), 2 GPs in 5 patients (25%), and one GP in 8 patients (40%). After exclusion of the fat pads, all patients had a negative response to HFS. All the patients who exhibited a positive response to right vagus nerve stimulation (n = 10) demonstrated negative responses after the ablation.ConclusionThe integrity of the GP is essential for the right vagus nerve to exert physiological effects of on AVN in humans.
3‐Dimensional functionalized polycaprolactone‐hyaluronic acid hydrogel constructs for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Hamlet Stephen M. , Vaquette Cedryck , Shah Amit , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Ivanovski Saso 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimAlveolar bone regeneration remains a significant clinical challenge in periodontology and dental implantology. This study assessed the mineralized tissue forming potential of 3‐D printed medical grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) constructs containing osteoblasts (OB) encapsulated in a hyaluronic acid (HA)‐hydrogel incorporating bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7).Materials and MethodsHA‐hydrogels containing human OB ± BMP‐7 were prepared. Cell viability, osteogenic gene expression, mineralized tissue formation and BMP‐7 release in vitro, were assessed by fluorescence staining, RT‐PCR, histological/μ‐CT examination and ELISA respectively. In an athymic rat model, subcutaneous ectopic mineralized tissue formation in mPCL‐hydrogel constructs was assessed by μ‐CT and histology.ResultsOsteoblast encapsulation in HA‐hydrogels did not detrimentally effect cell viability, and 3‐D culture in osteogenic media showed mineralized collagenous matrix formation after 6 weeks. BMP‐7 release from the hydrogel was biphasic, sustained and increased osteogenic gene expression in vitro. After 4 weeks in vivo, mPCL‐hydrogel constructs containing BMP‐7 formed significantly more volume (mm3) of vascularized bone‐like tissue.ConclusionsFunctionalized mPCL‐HA hydrogel constructs provide a favourable environment for bone tissue engineering. Although encapsulated cells contributed to mineralized tissue formation within the hydrogel in vitro and in vivo, their addition did not result in an improved outcome compared to BMP‐7 alone.
Association between omega‐3 fatty acids consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes: A meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Chen Cai , Yang Yan , Yu Xuefeng , Hu Shuhong , Shao Shiying 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionEpidemiological evidence for the effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on the risk of type 2 diabetes is controversial. A meta‐analysis based on prospective cohorts was carried out to evaluate this issue.Materials and MethodsPooled diabetic risk was calculated using a fixed or random effects model. The dose–response relationship was assessed by meta‐regression analysis.ResultsThe study showed that consumption of single omega‐3 was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (relative risk [RR] = 1.45, P < 0.001); whereas the RR for mixed omega‐3 was statistically insignificant. The dose–response curve presented an inverted U‐shape of diabetes risk corresponding to the dose of omega‐3 consumption. Subanalysis showed that omega‐3 was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk in Asians (RR = 0.82, P < 0.001); whereas the risk was increased in Westerners (RR = 1.30, P < 0.001). Studies with follow‐up duration ≥16 years and baseline age ≥54 years showed a positive association between type 2 diabetes risk and omega‐3 intake.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that dosage and composition of omega‐3, ethnicity, trial duration, and age could influence the effect of omega‐3 on type 2 diabetes progression.
Grip on health: A complex systems approach to transform health care
Authors: van Wietmarschen Herman A. , Wortelboer Heleen M. , van der Greef Jan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article addresses the urgent need for a transition in health care to deal with the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and associated rapid rise of health care costs. Chronic diseases evolve and are predominantly related to lifestyle and environment. A shift is needed from a reductionist repair mode of thinking, toward a more integrated biopsychosocial way of thinking about health. The aim of this article is to discuss the opportunities that complexity science offer for transforming health care toward optimal treatment and prevention of chronic lifestyle diseases. Health and health care is discussed from a complexity science perspective. The benefits of concepts developed in the field of complexity science for stimulating transitions in health care are explored. Complexity science supports the elucidation of the essence of health processes. It provides a unique perspective on health with a focus on the relationships within networks of dynamically interacting factors and the emergence of health out of the organization of those relationships. Novel types of complexity science–based intervention strategies are being developed. The first application in practice is the integrated obesity treatment program currently piloted in the Netherlands, focusing on health awareness and healing relationships. Complexity science offers various theories and methods to capture the path toward unhealthy and healthy states, facilitating the development of a dynamic integrated biopsychosocial perspective on health. This perspective offers unique insights into health processes for patients and citizens. In addition, dynamic models driven by personal data provide simulations of health processes and the ability to detect transitions between health states. Such models are essential for aligning and reconnecting the many institutions and disciplines involved in the health care sector and evolve toward an integrated health care ecosystem.
In vivo study of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus coexistence in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)
Authors: López‐Vázquez C , Alonso M C , Dopazo C P , Bandín I 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe effect of IPNV‐VHSV coinfection and superinfection on the mortality caused by both viruses in Senegalese sole has been analysed. No effect was observed after coinfection. However, a clear viral interference was recorded between a primary IPNV and a subsequent VHSV infection, which led to a survival increase in the infected sole of 50% points when compared with fish infected only with VHSV. The significantly higher Mx transcriptional values in the fish pre‐exposed to IPNV (at least at first days after superinfection) and the increased daily mortality when low Mx transcriptional levels were recorded suggest that Mx may be involved in the protective effect against VHSV infection. However, in fish subjected to VHSV primary/IPNV secondary infection, no interference was observed.
Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Epitaxial Graphene Production at Different Manufacturing Scales and Maturity
Authors: Arvidsson Rickard , Molander Sverker 
Published: December 2016

SummaryEpitaxial growth is a potential production process for the new material graphene, where it is grown on silicon carbide (SiC) wafers at high temperatures. We provide first estimates of the life cycle cumulative energy demand, climate change, terrestrial acidification, and eco‐toxicity of this production. For this purpose, we applied prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) for three production scenarios (lab, pilot, and an industrial scenario), which reflect different production scales and technological maturity. The functional unit was one square centimeter of graphene. Results show that the three scenarios have similar impacts, which goes against previous studies that have suggested a decrease with larger production scale and technological maturity. The reason for this result is the dominance of electricity use in the SiC wafer production for all impacts (>99% in the worst case, >76% in the best case). Only when assuming thinner SiC wafers in the industrial scenario is there a reduction in impacts by around a factor of 10. A surface‐area–based comparison to the life cycle energy use of graphene produced by chemical vapor deposition showed that epitaxial graphene was considerably more energy intensive—approximately a factor of 1,000. We recommend producers of epitaxial graphene to investigate the feasibility of thinner SiC wafers and use electricity based on wind, solar, or hydropower. The main methodological recommendation from the study is to achieve a temporal robustness of LCA studies of emerging technologies, which includes the consideration of different background systems and differences in production scale and technological maturity.
Increased Leptin and Leptin Receptor Expression in Dogs With Gallbladder Mucocele
Authors: Lee S. , Kweon O.‐K. , Kim W.H. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundLeptin and its receptor play a role in several disease processes such as pancreatitis and heart disease. However, their association with gallbladder mucocele (GBM) in dogs has not been reported.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate differences in the expression of leptin and leptin receptor between dogs with and without GBM.AnimalsTwenty‐five healthy dogs, including 9 laboratory beagle dogs, and 22 client‐owned dogs with GBM.MethodsSerum leptin concentration was determined in blood samples of all dogs by ELISA. Canine gallbladder samples were collected from 9 dogs with GBM that underwent surgery for therapeutic purposes and from 9 healthy laboratory beagle dogs as a normal control group. Samples were analyzed for leptin and leptin receptor mRNA by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsSerum leptin concentration was significantly higher in dogs with GBM than in healthy dogs (medians of 7.03 and 2.18 ng/mL, respectively; P < .001). Patients with GBM that had undergone surgery had significantly higher serum leptin concentrations than those that had not (medians of 12.2 and 4.09 ng/mL, respectively; P = .001). However, no difference in serum leptin concentration was found between dogs with GBM with or without endocrinopathies. The mRNA expression levels of leptin and its receptor were significantly increased in the gallbladder tissues of dogs with GBM.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDysregulation of leptin might be involved in the pathophysiology of GBM, and leptin concentrations might be associated with GBM severity.
Differential responses of native and exotic plant species to an invasive grass are driven by variation in biotic and abiotic factors
Authors: Stotz Gisela C. , Gianoli Ernesto , Patchell Melanie J. , Cahill James F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractQuestionsThe impact of invasive species on community structure and function varies, yet it is difficult to predict. Different hypotheses have been proposed to predict invasive species establishment and impact on resident communities, based on characteristics of the resident community and/or environmental conditions. Invasive species, however, interact with both native and exotic species. The interaction with exotic species is important, as it can result in secondary invasion or greater impact on native species. Smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) is a widely planted forage crop, but also a harmful invasive species in North American grasslands, yet little is known about the variability of its impact on resident communities. We ask (1) whether smooth brome has a consistent impact on community structure and function; (2) which biotic and abiotic conditions are associated with smooth brome's impact on resident communities; and (3) whether smooth brome has a similar impact on native and exotic species, and which biotic or abiotic conditions drive the interaction of smooth brome with native and exotic species.LocationEight grasslands throughout Alberta, Canada.MethodsWe used space‐for‐time substitutions to quantify smooth brome's impact on different aspects of community structure and function, and whether it varies depending on species richness, productivity, temperature, precipitation and variation in precipitation.ResultsSmooth brome had a consistent negative impact on community structure and function. However, the strength of the effect depended on aspects of the local community. Smooth brome impacts on species richness were higher in species‐rich areas, while impact on resident species biomass was larger in productive, warmer and more variable sites. In most sites the negative effect of smooth brome on species richness was higher for native species, compared to exotics. Impact on native and exotic species richness was larger in species‐rich and more variable sites, respectively.ConclusionsUnderstanding and predicting smooth brome's impact on community structure and function can help managers prescribe management plans to reduce negative impacts of smooth brome on native communities. Predicting the interaction of smooth brome with exotic species may be just as important when planning management strategies, to avoid secondary invasion and/or the accumulation of exotic species.
Colonization in Mediterranean old‐fields: the role of dispersal and plant–plant interactions
Authors: García‐Cervigón Ana I. , Velázquez Eduardo , Wiegand Thorsten , Escudero Adrián , Olano José M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractQuestionsHow do the dominant species in a Mediterranean community (Juniperus sabina, Juniperus communis and Pinus sylvestris) colonize abandoned fields? At what rates? Does dispersal limitation shape species colonization patterns? Does J. sabina act as nurse plant for the other two species? If so, in which stages of development: seedlings and saplings or older individuals?LocationAbandoned crop fields in the Alto Tajo Natural Park, central‐eastern Spain.MethodsWe mapped all individuals of the three species in three 4–14‐ha plots, and aged them using dendrochronology. Spatial patterns in 2000, 1980 and 1960 were reconstructed according to estimated ages in 2014. We used a battery of spatial point‐pattern analyses to evaluate dispersal in junipers, dispersal in pines, and the role of J. sabina as nurse plant for the other two species.ResultsBoth junipers colonized earlier than pines, probably due to their more effective endozoochorous dispersal. Late‐coming pines, once established, expanded faster due to their higher seed productivity. Recent recruits of J. communis and P. sylvestris showed a random relationship with J. sabina canopies, whereas spatial patterns of older individuals in relation to J. sabina canopies ranged from attraction (plot 2 and marginally plot 1), suggesting facilitation, to repulsion in plot 3. These differences in spatial patterns between plots could be related to a shift in dominant herbivores, from sheep (plots 1 and 2) to red deer (plot 3).ConclusionsDispersal and plant–plant interactions drove colonization in Mediterranean old fields. The inclusion of a temporal perspective in the analysis of spatial patterns allowed the detection of shifting interactions between J. sabina and the other two species, depending on their life stage. This is a clear advance compared with the usual static analyses, as it provides additional clues to interpret the mechanisms and processes underlying their origin.
The role of nutrition in integrated early child development in the 21st century: contribution from the Maternal and Child Nutrition journal
Authors: Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Moran Victoria Hall 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEven though it is widely recognized that early childhood development (ECD) is one of the most important predictors of future social capital and national productivity, the recently published ECD Lancet Series reports that about 250 million children under 5 years are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential, mainly as a result of poverty and social injustice. So why is this and what will it take to reverse this situation? The purpose of this special issue is to highlight important contributions from previously published articles in Maternal & Child Nutrition to the field of nutrition and ECD. The collection of papers presented in this special issue collectively indicates that although nutrition‐specific interventions are essential for child development, they are not sufficient by themselves for children to reach their full developmental potential. This is because ECD is influenced by many other factors besides nutrition, including hand washing/sanitation, parenting skills, psychosocial stimulation, and social protection. Future research should focus on mixed‐methods implementation science seeking to understand how best to translate evidence‐based integrated ECD packages into effective intersectoral policies and programs on a large scale. In addition to health and nutrition, these programs need to consider and include responsive parenting (including responsive feeding), learning stimulation, education, and social protection. Future studies should also address if and how childhood obesity affects human physical, socioemotional, and cognitive development.
Retropharyngeal calcific tendinitis presenting with neck pain and severe dysphagia: A case report
Authors: Madokoro Yuta , Mizuno Masayuki , Kato Daisuke , Toyoda Takanari , Okita Kenji , Matsukawa Noriyuki 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe herein describe a 45‐year‐old man with posterior neck pain and severe dysphagia secondary to retropharyngeal calcific tendinitis. Brain stem infarction as a result of vertebral artery dissection was suspected, but head magnetic resonance imaging showed no acute ischemic lesion. Sagittal T2‐weighted neck magnetic resonance imaging showed a retropharyngeal fluid collection from C2 to C8, and neck computed tomography showed calcification at the tendon of the longus colli muscle. Based on these characteristic imaging findings, retropharyngeal calcific tendinitis was diagnosed. Neurologists should remember that retropharyngeal calcific tendinitis can cause neck pain and severe dysphagia, and mimic brain stem infarction as a result of vertebral artery dissection.