bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solute dynamics and the Ontario nitrogen index: II. Nitrate leaching
Authors: Drury C.F. , Reynolds W.D. , Parkin G.W. , Lauzon J.D. , Saso J.K. , Zhang T.Q. , Yang X.M. , Tan C.S. , Liu K. , Calder W. , Oloya T.O. , Welacky T.W. , Reid D.K. 
Published: April 2016

Nitrogen (N) leaching from soil into surface and ground waters is a concern in humid areas of Canada. As a result, N management protocols, including the Ontario N Index, are widely used to identify N leaching risk, although field assessment remains limited. Nitrogen fertilizer and chloride (Cl) tracer were fall-applied to five agricultural soils in Ontario with different textures and hydrologic soil groups (HSG) to assess the Ontario N Index and characterize inorganic N movement over 1 yr. The treatments included three N rates (0, 100, and 200 kg N ha−1) plus Cl tracer and 200 kg N ha−1 rate without Cl. After spring thaw, N loss from the crop root zone (top 60 cm) ranged from 68% for Brookston clay loam to 99% for Harrow sandy loam. A strong linear relationship between apparent N recovery and apparent Cl recovery indicated that N loss from the root zone occurred primarily by downward leaching. Leaching was controlled by the minimum measured saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), and good estimates of N leaching were obtained using a quasi-theoretical relationship between N loss and Ksat. We concluded that Ontario N Index estimates of N leaching risk might be improved by including site-specific measurements of Ksat.
Mechanisms of microcontinent release associated with wrenching-involved continental break-up; a review
Authors: Nemčok M. , Sinha S. T. , Doré A. G. , Lundin E. R. , Mascle J. , Rybár S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

The study focuses on the role of wrenching-involved continental break-up in microcontinent release, drawing from a review of examples. It indicates that the main groups of release mechanisms in this setting are associated with ‘competing wrench faults’, ‘competing horsetail structure elements’, ‘competing rift zones’ and ‘multiple consecutive tectonic events’ controlled by different stress regimes capable of release. Competing-wrench-fault-related blocks are small, up to a maximum 220 km in length. They are more-or-less parallel to oceanic transforms. The competing horsetail-structure-element-related blocks are larger (up to 610 km in length) and are located at an acute angle to the transform. Competing-rift-zone-related blocks are large (up to 815 km) and are either parallel or perpendicular to the transform. The multiple-consecutive-tectonic-event-related blocks have variable size and are generally very elongate, ranging up to 1100 km in length. The role of strike-slip faults in release of continental blocks resides in:

linking the extensional zones, where the blocks are already isolated, by their propagation through the remaining continental bridges and subsequent displacement;

facilitating rapid crustal thinning across a narrow zone of strike-slip-dominated faults; and

slicing the margin into potentially detachable fault blocks.
NOTCH Signaling Regulates Asymmetric Cell Fate of Fast- and Slow-Cycling Colon Cancer–Initiating Cells
Authors: Srinivasan Tara , Walters Jewell , Bu Pengcheng , Than Elaine Bich , Tung Kuei-Ling , Chen Kai-Yuan , Panarelli Nicole , Milsom Jeff , Augenlicht Leonard , Lipkin Steven M. , Shen Xiling 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Colorectal cancer cells with stem-like properties, referred to as colon cancer–initiating cells (CCIC), have high tumorigenic potential. While CCIC can differentiate to promote cellular heterogeneity, it remains unclear whether CCIC within a tumor contain distinct subpopulations. Here, we describe the co-existence of fast- and slow-cycling CCIC, which can undergo asymmetric division to generate each other, highlighting CCIC plasticity and interconvertibility. Fast-cycling CCIC express markers, such as LGR5 and CD133, rely on MYC for their proliferation, whereas slow-cycling CCIC express markers, such as BMI1 and hTERT, are independent of MYC. NOTCH signaling promotes asymmetric cell fate, regulating the balance between these two populations. Overall, our results illuminate the basis for CCIC heterogeneity and plasticity by defining a direct interconversion mechanism between slow- and fast-cycling CCIC. Cancer Res; 76(11); 3411–21. ©2016 AACR.
UM PROJETO DE INFRAESTRUTURA VERDE PARA O MERCADÃO
Authors: Franco Maria De Assunção Ribeiro , Pellegrino Paulo Renato Mesquita 
Published: April 2016

Em setembro de 2015 a Globo contactou três escolas de arquitetura: FAU USP, Escola da Cidade e FAU Mackenzie para participar do DESAFIO VERDEJANDO, uma das ações do Projeto Verdejando, dentro do Programa Globo Universidades. O projeto consistiu no acompanhamento televisivo do processo de projeto das 3 escolas, em uma série de reportagens especiais, sobre a questão do verde em São Paulo. Foi o terceiro ano que a série foi ao ar, nos telejornais locais de São Paulo, com a novidade da participação de equipes universitárias na discussão da questão da escassez do verde e seu impacto nas mudanças do clima urbano e apresentar propostas de possíveis intervenções, no combate aos efeitos desses fenômenos. O LABVERDE - Laboratório Verde - foi indicado como representando a FAU USP em meio às outras 2 escolas. Assim, cada escola escolheu uma área em São Paulo como tema para estudo e proposições de cenários futuros.
Outcomes Following Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Iqbal Javaid , Kwok Chun Shing , Kontopantelis Evangelos , de Belder Mark A. , Ludman Peter F. , Giannoudi Marilena , Gunning Mark , Zaman Azfar , Mamas Mamas A. 
Published: April 2016

Background—
There are limited data on outcomes of patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) presenting with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). We report outcomes in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI with or without previous CABG surgery in a large real-world, all-comer population.

Methods and Results—

Clinical, demographic, procedural, and outcomes data were collected for all patients undergoing PPCI in England and Wales from January 2007 to December 2012. All-cause mortality at 30 days and 1 year were evaluated in the whole and a propensity-matched cohort. Of 79 295 patients with STEMI studied, 2658 (3.4%) patients had prior CABG, of whom 44% (n=1168) underwent PPCI to native vessels and 56% (n=1490) to bypass grafts. There were significant differences in the demographic, clinical, and procedural characteristics of these groups. Patients with prior CABG (with primary PCI to native artery or graft) had higher mortality at 30 days (6.2% with PPCI to native artery, 6.1% with PPCI to bypass graft) than patients with no prior CABG (4.5%;
P
<0.001). However, after risk factor adjustments, there was no significant difference in outcomes. There were also no significant differences in 30-day mortality, in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events, in-hospital stroke, and in-hospital bleeding in the propensity-matched population.

Conclusions—
A prior history of CABG in patients presenting with STEMI and undergoing PPCI does not independently confer additional risk of mortality, although it is a marker of other high-risk features.
Novel Sirolimus–Coated Balloon Catheter
Authors: Clever Yvonne Patricia , Peters Daniel , Calisse Jorge , Bettink Stephanie , Berg Madeleine-Caroline , Sperling Christian , Stoever Michael , Cremers Bodo , Kelsch Bettina , Böhm Michael , Speck Ulrich , Scheller Bruno 
Published: April 2016

Background—
Limus-eluting stents are dominating coronary interventions, although paclitaxel is the only drug on balloon catheters with proven inhibition of restenosis. Neointimal inhibition by limus-coated balloons has been shown in few animal studies, but data from randomized clinical trials are not available. The aim of the present preclinical studies was to achieve high and persistent sirolimus levels in the vessel wall after administration by a coated balloon.

Methods and Results—

Different coating formulations and doses were studied in the porcine coronary model to investigate sirolimus tissue levels at different time points as well as efficacy at 1 month using quantitative coronary angiography and histomorphometry. Loss of the selected coating in the valve, guiding catheter, and blood was low (2±14% of dose). Acute drug transfer to the vessel wall was 14.4±4.6% with the crystalline coating, whereas the amorphous coatings were less effective in this respect. Persistence of sirolimus in the vessel wall until 1 month was 40% to 50% of the transferred drug. At 1-month follow-up, a modest but significant reduction of neointimal growth was demonstrated in a dose range from 4 μg/mm
2
to 2×7 μg/mm
2
, for example, maximum neointimal thickness of 0.38±0.13 versus 0.65±0.21 mm in the uncoated control group.

Conclusions—
Various sirolimus-coated balloons effectively reduce neointimal proliferation in the porcine coronary model but differ considerably in retention time in the vessel wall. It has to be determined if such a formulation with persistent high vessel concentration will result in a relevant clinical effect.
Synoptic Classes as a Predictor of Hourly Surface Wind Regimes: The Case of the Central and Southern Israeli Coastal Plains
Authors: Berkovic Sigalit 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis work considers whether it is possible to use semiobjective synoptic classes as a year-round predictor of hourly surface winds in Israel. Previous literature has quantitatively characterized the hourly surface flow during the summer under a single synoptic group—the Persian trough—but no quantitative verification has been made for the other seasons. This study undertook a statistical characterization of the surface winds under frequent synoptic classes. The calculated statistical parameters were averages, standard deviations, steadiness, and statistical significance, determined using measurements from 12 weather stations of the Israel Meteorological Service. High steadiness of the surface wind field was found for a significant number of hours. The verification of the characterization at 0000 UTC by two calculations, the first according to the class defined at the previous 1200 UTC and the second according to the next 1200 UTC, showed similar results. Therefore, the synoptic class can be used as a predictor of hourly surface winds during the entire year. These statistical results provide an automatic prediction of the hourly surface wind average and standard deviation according to synoptic class. They may aid in risk assessment or statistical downscaling of seasonal or monthly winds. Such applications can be employed in other parts of Israel. Typical values for hours at which steady flow was obtained are as follows: steadiness > 0.65, wind direction standard deviation < 60°, wind speed standard deviation of 1–2 m s−1, and sector direction widths of 50°–150°, within 70% statistical significance.
Stratospheric Temperature Trends over 1979–2015 Derived from Combined SSU, MLS, and SABER Satellite Observations
Authors: Randel William J. , Smith Anne K. , Wu Fei , Zou Cheng-Zhi , Qian Haifeng 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Temperature trends in the middle and upper stratosphere are evaluated using measurements from the Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU), combined with data from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and Sounding of the Atmosphere Using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instruments. Data from MLS and SABER are vertically integrated to approximate the SSU weighting functions and combined with SSU to provide a data record spanning 1979–2015. Vertical integrals are calculated using empirically derived Gaussian weighting functions, which provide improved agreement with high-latitude SSU measurements compared to previously derived weighting functions. These merged SSU data are used to evaluate decadal-scale trends, solar cycle variations, and volcanic effects from the lower to the upper stratosphere. Episodic warming is observed following the volcanic eruptions of El Chichón (1982) and Mt. Pinatubo (1991), focused in the tropics in the lower stratosphere and in high latitudes in the middle and upper stratosphere. Solar cycle variations are centered in the tropics, increasing in amplitude from the lower to the upper stratosphere. Linear trends over 1979–2015 show that cooling increases with altitude from the lower stratosphere (from ~−0.1 to −0.2 K decade−1) to the middle and upper stratosphere (from ~−0.5 to −0.6 K decade−1). Cooling in the middle and upper stratosphere is relatively uniform in latitudes north of about 30°S, but trends decrease to near zero over the Antarctic. Mid- and upper-stratospheric temperatures show larger cooling over the first half of the data record (1979–97) compared to the second half (1998–2015), reflecting differences in upper-stratospheric ozone trends between these periods.
Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Zaghi Soroush , Alonso Jose , Orestes Michael , Kadin Natalie , Hsu William , Berke Gerald 
Published: April 2016

Objective: To assess the size of the cervical and thoracic trachea among female patients with idiopathic subglottic stenosis (SGS). Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of neck/chest from female patients with idiopathic SGS (n = 7) and normal controls (n = 30) were analyzed. Only female patients were included. The diameter and cross-sectional area of the trachea were measured at the level of the subglottic larynx, mid-cervical trachea, and mid-thoracic trachea. Measurements of tracheal size were compared between groups. Results: Patients with idiopathic SGS were found to have a significantly smaller cross-sectional area throughout the course of the cervical and thoracic trachea as compared to normal controls. Conclusions: Idiopathic subglottic stenosis is a rare but distinct subclass of subglottic stenosis characterized by smaller cross-sectional area throughout the course of the subglottic, cervical, and thoracic trachea. Level of Evidence: 3b: Individual case-control study
Trichloroacetic Acid Chemocauterization
Authors: Kim Min-Su , Lim Jae Hyun , Jin Young Ju , Jang Jeong Hun , Hah J. Hun 
Published: April 2016

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of chemocauterization using trichloroacetic acid with or without suturing for the small tracheocutaneous fistula closure Methods: The Seoul National University Hospital database was analyzed retrospectively for 55 patients with a small tracheocutaneous fistula measuring less than 5 × 5 mm2. Of these, 39 patients were treated by chemocauterization only, and 16 patients were treated by chemocauterization with suturing. Demographic, perioperative data, and treatment outcomes were evaluated for all patients. Results: The success rate of single trial was 56.4% (31/55), and the final success rate after repeated procedures if indicated was 80.0% (44/55). There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, cannulation period, fistula size, presence or absence of maturation suture during tracheostomy, number of procedures, and success rates. Interval between decannulation and procedure was significantly different among 2 groups. Conclusions: Trichloroacetic acid chemocauterization could be a simple, noninvasive, and safe method to close small tracheocutaneous fistula.
Otopathologic Findings of Pena-Shokeir Syndrome Type I
Authors: Kaya Serdar , Kaya Fatıma Kübra , Hızlı Ömer , Paparella Michael M. , Cureoglu Sebahattin 
Published: April 2016

Background: Pena-Shokeir syndrome type I is a rare genetic disorder that includes multiple congenital facial and joint anomalies as well as pulmonary hypoplasia. Affected infants are usually premature, and 30% of them are stillborn. So far, studies have reported low-set ears in such infants, with no middle or inner ear findings. Method: Histopathological study of human temporal bones with Pena-Shokeir syndrome type I. Results: Our case report describes an infant with severely decreased number of spiral ganglion cells and number of outer and inner hair cells of the cochlea, mild loss of vestibular hair cells, hypoplasia in the facial nerves, and ischemic degeneration of Schwann cells in the modiolus. Conclusion: Pena-Shokeir syndrome type I is associated with a degenerative process in the labyrinth.
Association between childhood dimensions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and adulthood clinical severity of bipolar disorders
Authors: Etain Bruno , Lajnef M , Loftus J , Henry C , Raust A , Gard S , Kahn JP , Leboyer M , Scott J , Bellivier F 
Published: April 2016

Background: Clinical features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be frequently observed in cases with bipolar disorders and associated with greater severity of bipolar disorders. Although designed as a screening tool for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the Wender Utah Rating Scale could, given its factorial structure, be useful in investigating the early history of impulsive, inattentive or mood-related symptoms among patients with bipolar disorders. Methods: We rated the Wender Utah Rating Scale in 276 adult bipolar disorder cases and 228 healthy controls and tested its factorial structure and any associations with bipolar disorder phenomenology. Results: We confirmed a three-factor structure for the Wender Utah Rating Scale (‘ impulsivity/temper’, ‘ inattentiveness’ and ‘ mood/self-esteem’). Cases and controls differed significantly on Wender Utah Rating Scale total score and sub-scale scores ( p-values < 10−5). About 23% of bipolar disorder cases versus 5% of controls were classified as ‘ WURS positive’ (odds ratio = 5.21 [2.73–9.95]). In bipolar disorders, higher Wender Utah Rating Scale score was associated with earlier age at onset, severity of suicidal behaviors and polysubstance misuse; multivariate analyses, controlling for age and gender, confirmed the associations with age at onset ( p = 0.001) and alcohol and substance misuse ( p = 0.001). Conclusion: Adults with bipolar disorders who reported higher levels of childhood symptoms on the Wender Utah Rating Scale presented a more severe expression of bipolar disorders in terms of age at onset and comorbidity. The Wender Utah Rating Scale could be employed to screen for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder but also for ‘ at-risk behaviors’ in adult bipolar disorder cases and possibly for prodromal signs of early onset in high-risk subjects.
Occipital bending in schizophrenia
Authors: Maller Jerome J , Anderson Rodney J , Thomson Richard H , Daskalakis Zafiris J , Rosenfeld Jeffrey V , Fitzgerald Paul B 
Published: April 2016

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of occipital bending (an occipital lobe crossing or twisting across the midline) in subjects with schizophrenia and matched healthy controls. Method: Occipital bending prevalence was investigated in 37 patients with schizophrenia and 44 healthy controls. Results: Ratings showed that prevalence was nearly three times higher among schizophrenia patients (13/37 [35.1%]) than in control subjects (6/44 [13.6%]). Furthermore, those with schizophrenia had greater normalized gray matter volume but less white matter volume and had larger brain-to-cranial ratio. Conclusion: The results suggest that occipital bending is more prevalent among schizophrenia patients than healthy subjects and that schizophrenia patients have different gray matter–white matter proportions. Although the cause and clinical ramifications of occipital bending are unclear, the results infer that occipital bending may be a marker of psychiatric illness.
A Psychophysical Protocol to Develop Ergonomic Recommendations for Sitting and Standing Workstations
Authors: Lin Michael Y. , Catalano Paul , Dennerlein Jack T. 
Published: April 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine user self-selected setup for both sitting and standing computer workstations and identify major differences. Background: No current ergonomic setup guideline for standing computer workstations is available. Methods: Twenty adult participants completed four 45-min sessions of simulated office computer work with an adjustable sit-stand computer workstation. Placement and relative position of all workstation components, including a cordless mouse, a cordless keyboard, a height-adjustable desk, and a 22-inch monitor mounted on a mechanical-assisted arm were recorded during the four sessions, which alternated between sitting and standing for each session. Participants were interrupted four times within each session, and the workstation was “reset” to extreme locations. Participants were instructed to adjust the location to achieve the most comfortable arrangement and to make as many adjustments during the session to achieve this goal. Results: Overall, users placed the keyboard closer to their body (sternum), set desk height lower than their elbow, and set the monitor lower relative to their eyes with a greater upward tilt while standing compared to sitting. During the 45-min sessions, the number of adjustments participants made became smaller and over the four sessions was consistent, suggesting the psychophysical protocol was effective and consistent. Conclusion: Users preferred different workstation setups for sitting and standing computer workstations. Therefore, future setup guidelines and principles for standing computer workstations may not be simply translated from those for sitting. Application: These results can serve as the first step toward making recommendations to establish ergonomic guidelines for standing computer workstation arrangement.
Comparison of group-based outpatient physiotherapy with usual care after total knee replacement: a feasibility study for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Artz Neil , Dixon Samantha , Wylde Vikki , Marques Elsa , Beswick Andrew D , Lenguerrand Erik , Blom Ashley W , Gooberman-Hill Rachael 
Published: April 2016

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial comparing group-based outpatient physiotherapy with usual care in patients following total knee replacement. Design: A feasibility study for a randomized controlled trial. Setting: One secondary-care hospital orthopaedic centre, Bristol, UK. Participants: A total of 46 participants undergoing primary total knee replacement. Interventions: The intervention group were offered six group-based exercise sessions after surgery. The usual care group received standard postoperative care. Participants were not blinded to group allocation. Outcome measures: Feasibility was assessed by recruitment, reasons for non-participation, attendance, and completion rates of study questionnaires that included the Lower Extremity Functional Scale and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Results: Recruitment rate was 37%. Five patients withdrew or were no longer eligible to participate. Intervention attendance was high (73%) and 84% of group participants reported they were ‘very satisfied’ with the exercises. Return of study questionnaires at six months was lower in the usual care (75%) than in the intervention group (100%). Mean (standard deviation) Lower Extremity Functional Scale scores at six months were 45.0 (20.8) in the usual care and 57.8 (15.2) in the intervention groups. Conclusion: Recruitment and retention of participants in this feasibility study was good. Group-based physiotherapy was acceptable to participants. Questionnaire return rates were lower in the usual care group, but might be enhanced by telephone follow-up. The Lower Extremity Functional Scale had high responsiveness and completion rates. Using this outcome measure, 256 participants would be required in a full-scale randomized controlled trial.