bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between platelet count and severity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Zeng Ying , ying Yi Hai , He Yuan , Gan Bin , Wei Xian , Huang Jie , Yang Shu jie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Platelets have a unique role in lung repair and remodeling. This study aimed to determine the relationship between platelet count and NRDS severity.

Methods
The study included 234 newborns diagnosed with NRDS from January 2019 to August 2023. This study employed two methods of grouping: the first based on platelet count, dividing participants into thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 150 × 109/L, n = 50) and non-thrombocytopenia groups (platelet count ≥ 150 × 109/L, n = 184), and the second based on the severity of NRDS, categorizing them into severe (n = 24) and mild-moderate (n = 210) groups. Within the first grouping method, the thrombocytopenia group was further subdivided into moderate-severe group (platelet count < 100 × 109/L, n = 4) and mild group (platelet count was between 100.0 × 109/L and 150.0 × 109/L, n = 46). This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of NRDS with thrombocytopenia, explore the correlation between platelet count and clinical indicators of NRDS. Binary Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent risk factors for thrombocytopenia in NRDS.

Results
A higher proportion of newborns in the severe group exhibited thrombocytopenia (severe group = 41.7%, mild-moderate group = 19.0%). Hospital stay, ventilation time, oxygen therapy duration were longer in the thrombocytopenia group compared to the non-thrombocytopenia group. Hospital stay, ventilation time, oxygen therapy duration, chest radiography score, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were inversely associated with platelet count. Conversely, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min, gestational age, and birth weight showed positive correlations with platelet count. Point-biserail correlation showed that thrombocytopenia was more likely to occur in newborns whose mothers had gestational hypertension, and the lower platelet count, the more severe NRDS. Oxygen therapy duration, birth weight < 1500 g, gestational hypertension and CRP levels emerged as independent risk factors for thrombocytopenia in NRDS. All differences were statistically significant (p all < 0.05).

Conclusion
NRDS accompanied by thrombocytopenia indicates a more severe condition and poorer clinical outcomes. It is hypothesized that NRDS with thrombocytopenia involves a complex multifactorial etiology, including severe lung inflammation.
The diagnosis and management of mucopolysaccharidosis type II
Authors: Mao Shao-Jia , Chen Qing-Qing , Dai Yang-Li , Dong Guan-Ping , Zou Chao-Chun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a rare X-linked recessive inherited lysosomal storage disease. With pathogenic variants of the IDS gene, the activity of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) is reduced or lost, causing the inability to degrade glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in cells and influencing cell function, eventually resulting in multisystemic manifestations, such as a coarse face, dysostosis multiplex, recurrent respiratory tract infections, and hernias. Diagnosing MPS II requires a combination of clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, urinary GAGs screening, enzyme activity, and genetic testing. Currently, symptomatic treatment is the main therapeutic approach. Owing to economic and drug availability issues, only a minority of patients opt for enzyme replacement therapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The limited awareness of the disease, the lack of widespread detection technology, and uneven economic development contribute to the high rates of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis in China.
Challenges and opportunities in pediatric residency: an analysis of the increasing number of residents in Italy
Authors: Corsello Antonio , Rotulo Silvia , Santangelo Andrea , Diana Alfredo , Rossi Federico , Antonietta Catania Maria , Aracu Claudia , Tiralongo Giuseppe , Pegoraro Francesco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Pediatric residency in Italy has undergone significant changes in recent years, with a notable increase in the number of pediatric residents. Exploring the implications of this increase, highlighting disparities in training opportunities, and discussing the broader socio-economic impacts on pediatric healthcare, represent a crucial consideration for the healthcare system in the future.

Main Body
The Italian National Association of Pediatric Residents (“Osservatorio Nazionale Specializzandi in Pediatria”, ONSP) conducted an extensive survey among pediatric residents to assess the current state of pediatric residency. Key findings indicate that 50% of respondents believe the number of residents is excessive for the available training opportunities, leading to concerns about the quality of education and hands-on experience. Despite the increased number of residents, the workload has increased, but up to one-third of residents feel that the autonomy provided by their programs is insufficient. Significant disparities in training quality were found across different regions, with notable shortages in neonatology and pediatric emergency departments. Research opportunities are also limited, with only 17% of residents finding the time allocated to research satisfactory, especially in central and southern Italy.

Conclusion
The increase in pediatric residents presents both challenges and opportunities. Addressing these challenges through strategic reforms, such as implementing standardized national curricula, investing in training resources and mobility programs, and enhancing research opportunities, is crucial for the future of pediatric residency in Italy. Ensuring high-quality training for all residents is an ethical and practical obligation that will significantly impact pediatric healthcare.
Potential associations between Schistosoma mansoni infection and physico-chemical characteristics and water-related human activities in Côte d’Ivoire: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sékré Jean-Baptiste K. , Diakité Nana R. , Assaré Rufin K. , Kouadio Jules N. , Coulibaly Gaoussou , Konan Cyrille K. , Kouamin Alain-Claver , Méité Aboulaye , Hattendorf Jan , Ouattara Mamadou , Utzinger Jürg , N’Goran Eliézer K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Schistosomiasis remains a public health problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is intimately connected to poverty and environmental factors. Our research was readily embedded into a multi-country schistosomiasis oversampling study. The aim of the study presented here was to determine the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and to investigate the role of water body characteristics and water-related human activities in disease transmission.

Methods
In August and September 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the western part of Côte d’Ivoire. Stool and urine samples were collected from 1602 and 1729 children aged 5–14 years, respectively, in 65 villages in the health districts of Biankouma, Ouaninou and Touba. Additionally, data were collected from direct observation of water-related activities at water bodies and interviews conducted with community leaders and health workers. The prevalence and risk factors for Schistosoma infection were assessed using generalised estimating equation models.

Results
The prevalence ofS. mansoni and S. haematobium were 27.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.5–34.3%) and 0.1% (95% CI 0.03–0.5%), respectively. Low prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths was observed with 2.4%, 0.4% and 0.2% for hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides, respectively. At the health district level, we found S. mansoni prevalence of 34.4% (95% CI 25.0–45.3%), 34.3% (95% CI 24.0–46.2%) and 16.3% (95% CI 9.5–26.6%) for Biankouma, Ouaninou and Touba, respectively. Female and male participants were at a similar risk of infection (29.0% vs. 26.0%, odds ratio [OR]: 1.18, 95% CI 0.92–1.50). Children aged 9–14 years showed a higher prevalence than their younger counterparts aged 5–8 years (34.5% vs. 22.7%, OR: 1.80, 95% CI 1.42–2.27). High infection prevalence was observed in villages where children were washing clothes and dishes at open surface water sites and pursued recreational activities (e.g. swimming and playing in the water). The temperature, total dissolved solids and pH of water samples showed no significant association with S. mansoni infection at the village unit.

Conclusions
Human water-related activities such as washing clothes and playing in the water are risk factors for S. mansoni transmission. Hence, preventive chemotherapy should be combined with information, education and communication to avoid or reduce the frequency of water exposure in children as part of a comprehensive package of interventions towards elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem.

Graphical Abstract
Unveiling the mycobiome of ecological importance from termitarium soils
Authors: Enagbonma Ben Jesuorsemwen , Cromwell Stephanie , Amoo Adenike Eunice , Babalola Olubukola Oluranti 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Termitarium is an intricate biological home with exceptional physicochemical soil properties and numerous beneficial microbiomes. The termitarium microbiome plays a role in several bionetwork processes. It contributes significantly to sustainable agriculture, forestry, and horticulture. In contrast to the immense number of research works focusing on termitarium bacteria and archaea, the amount of study about termitarium fungal communities is limited. This is despite the fact that fungi significantly contribute to the cycling of energy and matter on Earth. Thus, this study investigates the metagenomic datasets from termitarium soil collected from agricultural soils, to obtain a depiction of their mycobiome of ecological importance.

Results
Our dataset showed that Ascomycota was the most rank phylum, while Basidiomycota was the next in rank. Specifically, we identified numerous fungi of commercially importance, for example, producers of cellulases and cellulosomes. This was strengthened with the presence of functional genes/enzymes capable of promoting plant growth traits and defence system. Analysis further shown that soil properties influenced the distribution of fungal communities. Magnesium, nitrogen, and potassium, for example, were observed to be among the best predictor of fungal distribution and explained 87.40% of the total variation.

Conclusion
This study epitomize further insights into the mycobiome of termitarium soils that are of ecological interest. Again, with some of our sequences assembled as uncategorized fungi, further studies are recommended for the evaluation of the metabolic potentials of these fungi as there is a possibility of the discovery of new fungi or genes of industrial or environmental applications.
Modified furosemide responsiveness index and biomarkers for AKI progression and prognosis: a prospective observational study
Authors: Su Ying , Liu Wen-jun , Zhao Yu-feng , Zhang Yi-jie , Qiu Yue , Lu Zhi-hui , Wang Peng , Lin Shuang , Tu Guo-wei , Luo Zhe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Modified furosemide responsiveness index (mFRI) is a novel biomarker for assessing diuretic response and AKI progression in patients with early AKI. However, the comparative predictive performance of mFRI and novel renal biomarkers for adverse renal outcomes remains unclear. In a single-center prospective study, we aimed to evaluate the discriminatory abilities of mFRI and other novel renal biomarkers in predicting AKI progression and prognosis in patients with initial mild and moderate AKI (KDIGO stage 1 to 2).

Results
Patients with initial mild and moderate AKI within 48 h following cardiac surgery were included in this study. The mFRI, renal biomarkers (including serum or urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [sNGAL or uNGAL], serum cystatin C, urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glycosaminidase [uNAG], urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio) and cytokines (TNF, IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) were measured at AKI diagnosis. The mFRI was calculated for each patient, which was defined as 2-hour urine output divided by furosemide dose and body weight. Of 1013 included patients, 154 (15.2%) experienced AKI progression, with 59 (5.8%) progressing to stage 3 and 33 (3.3%) meeting the composite outcome of hospital mortality or receipt of renal replacement therapy (RRT). The mFRI showed non-inferiority or potential superiority to renal biomarkers and cytokines in predicting AKI progression (area under the curve [AUC] 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–0.82), progression to stage 3 (AUC 0.87, 95% CI 0.85–0.89), and composite outcome of death and receipt of RRT (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.82–0.87). Furthermore, the combination of a functional biomarker (mFRI) and a urinary injury biomarker (uNAG or uNGAL) resulted in a significant improvement in the prediction of adverse renal outcomes than either individual biomarker (all P < 0.05). Moreover, incorporating these panels into clinical model significantly enhanced its predictive capacity for adverse renal outcomes, as demonstrated by the C index, integrated discrimination improvement, and net reclassification improvement (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions
As a rapid, cost-effective and easily accessible biomarker, mFRI, exhibited superior or comparable predictive capabilities for AKI progression and prognosis compared to renal biomarkers in cardiac surgical patients with mild to moderate AKI.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04962412. Registered July 15, 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04962412?cond=NCT04962412&draw=2&rank=1.

Graphical abstract
Personal values clusters and their associations to social media behaviors and psychological well-being
Authors: Ionescu Claudiu Gabriel , Ciuperca Ella Magdalena , Cotel Adriana , Licu Monica 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current study contributes to the literature by assessing the associations between personal values, explored with Schwartz`s Portrait Values Questionnaire, social media behaviors, assessed with Bergen Scale of Social Media Addiction and Social Media Motivations to Use Scale and psychological well-being assessed with Patient Health Questionnaire-4, in a sample of first-year medical students. It was examined medical students’ personal values profiles and the perceived influence of social media on self-aspects. All participants (N = 151) were Romanian and English module students, young (average age = 19.2, SD = 1.5), 68,9% females and 31,1% males. Pearson coefficient correlation analyses were performed to verify the associations between the main four clusters of personal values (Self Transcendence, Self Enhancement, Openness to change and Conservationism) with social media behaviors and psychological wellbeing. The most frequent cluster of values was Self-Transcendence (M = 5.21) while the least was Self-Enhancement (M = 4.05). There was no significant correlation between social media addiction, psychological wellbeing and a specific cluster of values while the perception of self-aspects influenced by social media included involvement in community problems, creativity for Openness to change group (R = .24;.22, p < .05), tolerance towards sexual minorities and self-evaluation in Self Transcendence group (R = .24;.21;.42, p < .05) while Conservationism and Self Enhancement groups didn`t report any change. The findings highlight the need for awareness and education of medical students and general population in the field of Digital Ethics including social media complex impact on personal values as AI-algorithms may imply a potential destabilization and perpetual shaping of one`s behavior with still unpredictable individual and societal effects.
Single cell spatial profiling of FFPE splenic tissue from a humanized mouse model of HIV infection
Authors: Wu Guoxin , Keller Samuel H. , Sardo Luca , Magliaro Brian , Zuck Paul , Balibar Carl J. , Williams Claire , Pan Liuliu , Gregory Mark , Ton Kathy , Maxwell Jill , Cheney Carol , Rush Tom , Howell Bonnie J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Latency remains a major obstacle to finding a cure for HIV despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy. Due to virus dormancy, limited biomarkers are available to identify latent HIV-infected cells. Profiling of individual HIV-infected cells is needed to explore potential latency biomarkers and to study the mechanisms of persistence that maintain the HIV reservoir.

Methods
Single cell spatial transcriptomic characterization using the CosMx Spatial Molecular Imager platform was conducted to analyze HIV-infected cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of splenic tissue surgically obtained from an HIV-infected humanized mouse model. Regulation of over a thousand human genes was quantified in both viremic and aviremic specimens. In addition, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were performed in parallel to identify HIV viral RNA- and p24-containing cells, respectively. Finally, initial findings from CosMx gene profiling were confirmed by isolating RNA from CD4 + T cells obtained from a person living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy following either PMA/Ionomycin or DMSO treatment. RNA was quantified using qPCR for a panel of targeted human host genes.

Results
Supervised cell typing revealed that most of the HIV-infected cells in the mouse spleen sections were differentiated CD4 + T cells. A significantly higher number of infected cells, 2781 (1.61%) in comparison to 112 (0.06%), and total HIV transcripts per infected cell were observed in viremic samples compared to aviremic samples, respectively, which was consistent with the data obtained from ISH and IHC. Notably, the expression of 55 genes was different in infected cells within tissue from aviremic animals compared to viremic. In particular, both spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and CXCL17, were expressed approximately 100-fold higher. This data was further evaluated against bulk RNA isolated from HIV-infected human primary CD4 + T cells. A nearly 6-fold higher expression of SYK mRNA was observed in DMSO-treated CD4 + T cells compared to those stimulated with PMA/Ionomycin.

Conclusion
This study found that the CosMx SMI platform is valuable for assessing HIV infection and providing insights into host biomarkers associated with HIV reservoirs. Higher relative expression of the SYK gene in aviremic-infected cells from the humanized mouse HIV model was consistent with levels found in CD4 + T cells of aviremic donors.
Analysis of fabric movement and dust removal performance due to twist motion in a clothing care system
Authors: Kim Hyojeong , Yu Dongju , Jeong Hyeonhui , Lee Sang Wook , Yun Changsang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aims to explore effective dust removal methods for the improvement of clothing care systems by analyzing the fabric movement caused by the twist motion and examining its influence on dust removal performance. The finite element method simulation was used to model the tension at different vertical and horizontal positions of the fabric as a spring array, to calculate the fabric movements at each position over time when a twisting force was applied and enable comparison with experiments. When observing the fabric movement due to the twist motion with actual fabrics, silk showed the greatest movement, followed by cotton and linen. Cotton experienced decreasing force from the top to the bottom, with increased amplitude at the bottom due to fluttering caused by the bottom not being fixed. When examining the fabric movement according to the velocity, slower velocity did not effectively transmit twist force to the bottom, while faster velocity resulted in more small movements. The analysis revealed that greater force at faster velocity led to better dust removal performance. Therefore, for efficient dust removal, the force transmitted to the fabric should be increased. Most dust is removed within the first 10 min, so exerting a strong force for a short duration is important.
Pediatric septoplasty impact on nasal breathing and when to consider a revision surgery-A meta-analysis study
Authors: Rabie Amr Nabil , Begermy Marwa Mohamed El , Shalma Ahmed Adel Attia El , Fadel Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Some children with a deviated nasal septum show no symptoms, but up to 30% have breathing problems. Septal deviation is usually caused by microtrauma during delivery, but in severe cases, trauma is the main cause. Many people fail to recognize septal damage after trauma, &children with untreated septal abnormalities often have severe problems. Thus, we can see why symptoms increase with age.

Objective
Through the available literature, this review seeks to establish the effect of nasal septoplasty among pediatric patients on nasal breathing and the need for revision surgery.

Subjects and methods
Prospective and retrospective studies published in peer-reviewed journals including clinical trials, cohort studies, cases, and cross-sectional.

Results
Five studies. 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 151 people assessed NOSE pre- and post-pediatric septoplasty. The pooled mean NOSE score difference between pre- and postoperative evaluations was -50.26 (95% CI, -62.55 to -37.97), showing a substantial decrease. In Saeed et al. (Ann Coll Med Mosul June 45(1):70-79, 2023), mean differences ranged from -71 points (95% CI, -75.41 to -66.59) to -30 points in Lee (2017). Surgicalft benefits were regularly shown. Each year of follow-up did not substantially lower NOSE score improvement by 0.39 (SE = 0.29; P = 0.17; I2 = 89.6%) in a meta-regression analysis in children, NOSE score improvement increased by 6.36 per year (SE = 1.14; P =  < 0.001; I2 = 34.45%). In meta-regression research on revision rates following pediatric septoplasty, each year of follow-up raised the rate by 0.13 (SE 0.02; P < 0.001; I2 = 4.78%). However, revision rates were not significantly associated with each year of pediatric age (coefficient, -0.39; SE 0.22; P = 0.075; I2 = 86.25%).

Conclusion
This comprehensive meta-analysis shows that septoplasty improves nasal airway function and obstruction in children. NOSE Scale disease-specific QOL improved significantly after pediatric septoplasty. According to the meta-regression analysis, each year of follow-up time resulted in a 0.39 drop in NOSE score improvement (SE = 0.29; P = 0.17; I2 = 89.6%). Each year of pediatric age increased NOSE score improvement by 6.36.