bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the Krylov subspace formulation to improve regularisation and interpretation in partial least squares regression
Authors: Löfstedt Tommy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPartial least squares regression (PLS-R) has been an important regression method in the life sciences and many other fields for decades. However, PLS-R is typically solved using an opaque algorithmic approach, rather than through an optimisation formulation and procedure. There is a clear optimisation formulation of the PLS-R problem based on a Krylov subspace formulation, but it is only rarely considered. The popularity of PLS-R is attributed to the ability to interpret the data through the model components, but the model components are not available when solving the PLS-R problem using the Krylov subspace formulation. We therefore highlight a simple reformulation of the PLS-R problem using the Krylov subspace formulation as a promising modelling framework for PLS-R, and illustrate one of the main benefits of this reformulation—that it allows arbitrary penalties of the regression coefficients in the PLS-R model. Further, we propose an approach to estimate the PLS-R model components for the solution found through the Krylov subspace formulation, that are those we would have obtained had we been able to use the common algorithms for estimating the PLS-R model. We illustrate the utility of the proposed method on simulated and real data.
A calcification subtraction method for postmortem coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: Inokuchi Go , Kojima Masatoshi , Chiba Fumiko , Hoshioka Yumi , Yoshida Maiko , Tsuneya Shigeki , Iwase Hirotaro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Although coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography is a useful tool for evaluating coronary artery lesions both ante- and postmortem, accurate evaluation of the lumen is difficult when highly calcified lesions are present, owing to overestimation of stenosis caused by blooming and partial volume artifacts. In clinical practice, to overcome this diagnostic problem, a subtraction method has been devised to remove calcification by subtracting the precontrast image from the contrast image. In this report, we describe a calcification subtraction method using image analysis software for postmortem coronary CT angiography. This method was devised based on preliminary experimental results showing that the most accurate subtraction was achieved using images reconstructed with a narrower field of view and bone kernel, resulting in higher spatial resolution. This subtraction method allowed evaluation of lumen patency and the degree of stenosis on contrast-enhanced images in a verification using actual specimens where evaluation of the lumen had been difficult because of high calcification. The results were morphologically similar to the macroscopic findings. This method allows more rapid and reliable lesion retrieval and is expected to be useful for postmortem coronary angiography in forensic practice.
Pharmacogenomics of clinical response to Natalizumab in multiple sclerosis: a genome-wide multi-centric association study
Authors: Clarelli Ferdinando , Corona Andrea , Pääkkönen Kimmo , Sorosina Melissa , Zollo Alen , Piehl Fredrik , Olsson Tomas , Stridh Pernilla , Jagodic Maja , Hemmer Bernhard , Gasperi Christiane , Harroud Adil , Shchetynsky Klementy , Mingione Alessandra , Mascia Elisabetta , Misra Kaalindi , Giordano Antonino , Mazzieri Maria Laura Terzi , Priori Alberto , Saarela Janna , Kockum Ingrid , Filippi Massimo , Esposito Federica , Boneschi Filippo Giovanni Martinelli 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Inter-individual differences in treatment response are marked in multiple sclerosis (MS). This is true for Natalizumab (NTZ), to which a subset of patients displays sub-optimal treatment response. We conducted a multi-centric genome-wide association study (GWAS), with additional pathway and network analysis to identify genetic predictors of response to NTZ.

Methods
MS patients from three different centers were included. Response to NTZ was dichotomized, nominating responders (R) relapse-free patients and non-responders (NR) all the others, over a follow-up of 4 years. Association analysis on ~ 4.7 M imputed autosomal common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed fitting logistic regression models, adjusted for baseline covariates, followed by meta-analysis at SNP and gene level. Finally, these signals were projected onto STRING interactome, to elicit modules and hub genes linked to response.

Results
Overall, 1834 patients were included: 119 from Italy (R = 94, NR = 25), 81 from Germany (R = 61, NR = 20), and 1634 from Sweden (R = 1349, NR = 285). The top-associated variant was rs11132400T (p = 1.33 × 10–6, OR = 0.58), affecting expression of several genes in the locus, like KLKB1. The interactome analysis implicated a module of 135 genes, with over-representation of terms like canonical WNT signaling pathway (padjust = 7.08 × 10–6). Response-associated genes like GRB2 and LRP6, already implicated in MS pathogenesis, were topologically prioritized within the module.

Conclusion
This GWAS, the largest pharmacogenomic study of response to NTZ, suggested MS-implicated genes and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an essential component for blood–brain barrier formation and maintenance, to be related to treatment response.
Toxic pollution and labour markets: uncovering Europe’s left-behind places
Authors: Bez Charlotte , Virgillito Maria Enrica 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper looks at the co-evolution of toxic industrial pollution and economic deprivation by means of spillovers from the plant’s production activities. Geolocalised facility-level data from the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) are used to calculate annual chemical-specific pollution, weighted by its toxicity. We combine the latter with regional data on employment, wages, and demographics sourced from Cambridge Econometrics, covering more than 1200 NUTS‑3 regions in 15 countries, over the period 2007–2018. We employ quantile regressions to detect the heterogeneity across regions and understand the specificities of the 10th and 25th percentiles. Our first contribution consists in giving a novel and comprehensive account of the geography of toxic pollution in Europe, both at facility and regional level, disaggregated by sectors. Second, we regress toxic pollution (intensity effect) and pollutant concentration (composition effect) on labour market dimensions of left-behind places. Our results point to the existence of economic dependence on noxious industrialisation in left-behind places. In addition, whenever environmental efficiency-enhancing production technologies are adopted we observe associated labour-saving effects in industrial employment, but positive regional spillovers. Through the lens of economic geography, our results call for a new political economy of left-behind places within the realm of sustainable development.
Automated Three-Dimensional Imaging and Pfirrmann Classification of Intervertebral Disc Using a Graphical Neural Network in Sagittal Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Baur David , Bieck Richard , Berger Johann , Schöfer Patrick , Stelzner Tim , Neumann Juliane , Neumuth Thomas , Heyde Christoph-E. , Voelker Anna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a graph neural network (GNN) for automated three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualization and Pfirrmann grading of intervertebral discs (IVDs), and benchmark it against manual classifications. Lumbar IVD MRI data from 300 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Two clinicians assessed the manual segmentation and grading for inter-rater reliability using Cohen's kappa. The IVDs were then processed and classified using an automated convolutional neural network (CNN)–GNN pipeline, and their performance was evaluated using F1 scores. Manual Pfirrmann grading exhibited moderate agreement (κ = 0.455–0.565) among the clinicians, with higher exact match frequencies at lower lumbar levels. Single-grade discrepancies were prevalent except at L5/S1. Automated segmentation of IVDs using a pretrained U-Net model achieved an F1 score of 0.85, with a precision and recall of 0.83 and 0.88, respectively. Following 3D reconstruction of the automatically segmented IVD into a 3D point-cloud representation of the target intervertebral disc, the GNN model demonstrated moderate performance in Pfirrmann classification. The highest precision (0.81) and F1 score (0.71) were observed at L2/3, whereas the overall metrics indicated moderate performance (precision: 0.46, recall: 0.47, and F1 score: 0.46), with variability across spinal levels. The integration of CNN and GNN offers a new perspective for automating IVD analysis in MRI. Although the current performance highlights the need for further refinement, the moderate accuracy of the model, combined with its 3D visualization capabilities, establishes a promising foundation for more advanced grading systems.
Gravity and trade in video on demand services
Authors: Broocks Annette , Studnicka Zuzanna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOver the last decade, online video consumption has become one of the primary uses of the internet, with streaming services accounting for more than 65% of global internet traffic. In this paper, we use a novel data set on Netflix, the largest streaming platform worldwide, to estimate the patterns of catalogue availability (extensive margin) and the number of clicks per title (intensive margin) across twenty countries. This data set also gives us a unique opportunity to estimate the importance of quality in viewing patterns. Our results show evidence of the gravity framework explaining both margins of Netflix watching. In addition, we find that viewers have a preference for domestic content, better-rated titles, and Netflix Original foreign productions. These insights suggest that as Netflix continues to expand its content library, it will further leverage its streaming dominance in reaching viewers and promoting specific content.
Characterization of Ultrathin Conductive Films Using a Simplified Approach for Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
Authors: Nagai Masaya , Watanabe Sou , Imamura Ryosuke , Ashida Masaaki , Shimoyama Kohei , Li Haobo , Hattori Azusa N. , Tanaka Hidekazu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe present two ideas to simplify the measurement and analysis of terahertz time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry data of ultrathin films. The measurement is simplified by using a specially designed sample holder with mirrors, which can be mounted on a cryostat. It allows us to perform spectroscopic ellipsometry by simply inserting the holder into a conventional terahertz spectroscopy system for measurements in transmission geometry. The analysis of the obtained data is simplified by considering a single interface with a certain sheet conductivity $${\sigma }_{s}$$

σ
s

(since the film thickness is significantly smaller than the wavelength of the terahertz light). We demonstrate the application of these ideas by evaluating the sheet conductivities of two perovskite rare-earth nickelate thin films in the temperature range 78–478 K. The use of this particular analytical method and the sample holder design will help to establish terahertz time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry as a characterization technique for ultrathin films.
Complementizer agreement is clitic doubling
Authors: van Alem Astrid 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Complementizer agreement in minority and nonstandard West Germanic languages is well-known and frequently studied, but there is little agreement on its analysis. In this paper, I add to this debate by presenting novel and underdiscussed data from Frisian and Limburgian on intervention effects: what happens to complementizer agreement when the complementizer and the subject are separated by an intervening element. In Frisian, intervention leads to ungrammaticality, and in Limburgian, it leads to the realization of complementizer agreement between the intervener and the subject. These effects cannot be accounted for by existing Agree and PF analyses of complementizer agreement. Instead, I argue that the complementizer agreement morpheme is a clitic. Adopting the approach to clitic doubling of van Craenenbroeck and van Koppen (2008), I develop an analysis of complementizer agreement as clitic doubling. The intervention effects in Frisian and Limburgian follow from an interplay of the structural size of the clitic and restrictions on movement. Specifically, the ungrammaticality of intervention in Frisian is the result of competition between the clitic and the intervener for the same structural position, and the subject-internal realization of complementizer agreement in Limburgian is the result of movement of the clitic below the intervener.
Interpersonal scaffoldings for shared emotions: how social interaction supports emotional sharing
Authors: Rinne Ida 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this article, I consider the interpersonal support, i.e., scaffolding, that agents provide to one another to share emotions. Moreover, the main target of this paper is to identify those scaffolds and their features that effectively function to boost, support, or enable emotional sharing interactions. To do so, I engage with the “multi-dimensional framework of environmental scaffolding” proposed by Sterelny (Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 9:465–481, 2010). This framework highlights various types of environmental resources, including social and interpersonal factors, that serve as scaffolds for human cognitive agency. Furthermore, the model identifies the functional characteristics associated with these resources, which significantly contribute to scaffolding cognitive (and emotional) performance and skillfulness. Mainly concentrating on social interaction, I argue that individual, familiar social interaction behaviors, shared references, and shared bodily-affective and habitual patterns scaffold the interacting individuals allowing them to effectively share emotions. By examining the functional relationship between these particularly interpersonal scaffolds and shared emotions, I suggest that we can better understand the complex, situationally unfolding dynamics and the versatility of conditions that can boost emotional sharing. As a result, my analysis reveals that there are different types of social interactional scaffolds that vary in familiarity, predictability, robustness, individualization, and mutual adaptation. These features boost and trigger emotional sharing in degrees and different functions and different degrees of these functional features; therefore, different types of social interaction scaffolds are required depending on the situation to situation.
Julian Hirniak, an early proponent of periodic chemical reactions
Authors: Manz Niklas , Holovatch Yurij , Tyson John 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this article we present and discuss the work and scientific legacy of Julian Hirniak, the Ukrainian chemist and physicist who published two articles in 1908 and 1911 about periodic chemical reactions. Over the last 110+ years, his theoretical work has often been cited favorably in connection with Alfred Lotka’s theoretical model of an oscillating reaction system. Other authors have pointed out thermodynamic problems in Hirniak’s reaction scheme. Based on English translations of his 1908 Ukrainian and 1911 German articles, we show that Hirniak’s claim (that a cycle of inter-conversions of three chemical isomers in a closed reaction vessel can show damped periodic behavior) violates the Principle of Detailed Balance (i.e., the Second Law of Thermodynamics), and that Hirniak was aware of this Principle. We also discuss his results in relation to Lotka’s first model of damped oscillations in an open system of chemical reactions involving an auto-catalytic reaction operating far from equilibrium. Taking hints from both Hirniak and Lotka, we show that the mundane case of a kinase enzyme catalyzing the phosphorylation of a sugar can satisfy Hirniak’s conditions for damped oscillations to its steady state flux (i.e., the Michaelis–Menten rate law), but that the oscillations are so highly damped as to be unobservable. Finally, we examine historical and factual misunderstandings related to Julian Hirniak and his publications.
Deconstructing the Retained Austenite Stability: In Situ Observations on the Austenite Stability in One- and Two-Phase Bulk Microstructures During Uniaxial Tensile Tests
Authors: Kumpati Joshua , Rolland Manon Bonvalet , Hasan Sk. Md. , Shanks Katherine S. , Hedström Peter , Borgenstam Annika 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGiven the critical role that metastable retained austenite (RA) plays in advanced high-strength steel (AHSS), there is significant interest in obtaining a comprehensive understanding of its stability, to achieve excellent mechanical properties. Despite considerable attention and numerous studies, the significance of individual contributions of various microstructural factors (size, crystallographic orientation, surrounding phases, etc.) on the stability of RA remain unclear, partly due to the difficulty of isolating the direct effects of these factors. In this study, we examined the influence of microstructural factors while minimizing the effect of chemical composition on the mechanical stability of RA. We accomplished this by comparing the austenite (γ) stability in two distinct microstructures: a two-phase RA/martensite microstructure and a one-phase γ microstructure, both with nearly identical γ compositions. We employed in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction during uniaxial tensile testing conducted at both room temperature and 100 °C, facilitating the continuous monitoring of microstructural changes during the deformation process. By establishing a direct correlation between the macroscopic tensile load, phase load partitioning, and the γ/RA transformation, we aimed to understand the significance of the microstructural factors on the mechanical stability of the RA. The results indicate that very fine RA size and the surrounding hard martensitic matrix (aside from contributing to load partitioning) contribute less significantly to RA stability during deformation than expected. The findings of this study emphasize the critical and distinct influence of microstructure on γ/RA stability.
Geometric physically-based simulation of microfinishing: tool design impact on workpiece shape
Authors: Siebrecht Tobias , Bergmann Jim A. , Heining Ines , Tilger Meik , Biermann Dirk , Wiederkehr Petra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to complex interrelations between process configurations, tool characteristics and process results, the design of microfinishing operations is challenging. Microfinishing is often conducted to generate high surface qualities and shape accuracies of highly loaded components. For some applications, e.g. bearing seats, the contact surface is desired to provide a convex shape in order to optimise the contact condition of the bearing ring and the shaft shoulder. In this paper, new models for a geometric physically-based simulation system are presented and applied to predict workpiece topographies and shapes resulting from the use of different tool designs in microfinishing operations. These models include a process-specific force control based on modelling the engagement of single grains, the consideration of the initial tool condition as well as the modelling of wear-related breakouts of individual grains. The developed simulation system was validated by a comparison of the results to experimental investigations.
The Role of Population Receptive Field Sizes in Higher-Order Visual Dysfunction
Authors: Elul Deena , Levin Netta 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Population receptive field (pRF) modeling is an fMRI technique used to retinotopically map visual cortex, with pRF size characterizing the degree of spatial integration. In clinical populations, most pRF mapping research has focused on damage to visual system inputs. Herein, we highlight recent work using pRF modeling to study high-level visual dysfunctions.

Recent Findings
Larger pRF sizes, indicating coarser spatial processing, were observed in homonymous visual field deficits, aging, and autism spectrum disorder. Smaller pRF sizes, indicating finer processing, were observed in Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. In posterior cortical atrophy, a unique pattern was found in which pRF size changes depended on eccentricity.

Summary
Changes to pRF properties were observed in clinical populations, even in high-order impairments, explaining visual behavior. These pRF changes likely stem from altered interactions between brain regions. Furthermore, some studies suggested that pRF sizes change as part of cortical reorganization, and they can point towards future prognosis.
How Psychologists Communicate about Symptom and Performance Validity Testing in Their Reports: Room for Improvement
Authors: Dandachi-FitzGerald Brechje , Peters Maarten J. V. , Merten Thomas , Roor Jeroen J. , Ponds Rudolf W. H. M. , Merckelbach Harald 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis archival study sought to determine whether psychological reports adequately communicate the results of Symptom Validity Tests (SVTs) and Performance Validity Tests (PVTs). We collected reports from a pool of 469 clinical psychological and neuropsychological assessments conducted across five Dutch hospitals. To be included, the administered SVT (i.e., Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology; SIMS) and/or PVT (Amsterdam Short-Term Memory test, ASTM) needed to be either passed or failed. Additionally, we selected reports from psychologists who, prior to conducting the assessments, anticipated either problematic or unproblematic validity. A total of 146 reports (57 clinical psychological and 89 neuropsychological reports), authored by 36 psychologists from five different hospitals, were analyzed. Invalid range scores on SIMS and/or ASTM occurred in 48% of the sample. Two researchers independently reviewed and coded reports, resolving mismatches through consensus and crosschecking with original test data. The majority of clinical psychological reports (89.5%) did not reference the SIMS or accurately describe the SIMS results, despite its use. In contrast, most neuropsychological reports mentioned the SIMS and ASTM, and adequately described their results (77.5%). Approximately half of the reports with invalid range scores on these instruments included interpretative statements, often suggesting overreporting and/or underperformance. In about one-third of cases, a fail on the validity test was attributed to factors such as anxiety, fatigue, depression, or pain. Other cognitive tests and psychological questionnaires were frequently interpreted without considering these invalid scores. Treatment recommendations seldom took SVT/PVT fails into account. The findings indicate that a non-negligible number of reports do not accurately report and discuss SVT/PVT results, underscoring the need for enhancing the quality and precision of psychological reports concerning validity testing.
Effect of Impact Energy on the Interface Microstructure of Explosively Clad Mild Steel and Titanium
Authors: Prasanthi T. N. , Parida P. K. , Ravikirana  , Mythili R. , Sudha C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEffect of load ratio (R) on the interface microstructure and phase stability was investigated in mild steel/Grade-2 Ti explosive clads using experimental and JMatPro® computations. At low-impact-energy conditions (i.e., R = 1.07), the interface exhibited a symmetrical wavy morphology with molten metal entrapped in isolated regions within the vortices of the waves, while at high-impact loading conditions (R = 3) the interface had complex weld solidification structure consisting of planar interface, columnar and equiaxed dendrites. Based on the study, it was concluded that under high-impact loading conditions, the interface microstructure of the explosive clads will resemble fusion welded joints, but with relatively lower thickness of the interaction zones.