bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy and the hair growth cycle: anagen induction against hair growth disruption using Nourkrin® with Marilex®, a proteoglycan replacement therapy
Authors: Thom Erling 
Published: September 2016

SummaryPostpartum effluvium is a well‐known clinical fact. However, following some minor research activities in the 1960s, very little has happened on the research front of the subject. It was hypothesized that postpartum hair loss might be a manifestation of a change in the hair growth cycle occurring normally during pregnancy. Recently, new research has been published trying to explain the mechanism of action behind this frequently occurring hair growth disruption, and to develop a functional treatment schedule and regime. Under normal circumstances, postpartum effluvium will disappear by itself as a function of time, and therefore adequate information to the patient is important in order to reduce the anxiety that it will not be a permanent problem. However, in some subjects it can manifest itself for longer stages and even become permanent. At the present time, treatments aim at correcting underlying hormonal imbalances and at improving overall cosmetic appearance. Several treatments in the form of thyroid supplementation, topical progesterone and estradiol lotions, and even oral contraceptive have been studied. All the available studies have significant limitations in their scientific basis, such as small sample size, absence of control group, or highly subjective measurement of treatment response. It is evident from the available studies that no specific treatment has been investigated thoroughly enough to justify recommendation in clinical treatment or to be termed “effective.” Without the ability to provide a pathogenic diagnosis or causality criteria, chances are low that a treatment by trial and error will adequately be able to control hair effluvium. Current hair treatment strategies are symptomatic and nonspecific; therefore, future research must aim at developing new and targeted methods with a point of departure in observing concomitant biological mechanisms. Based on the research in the 1960s, current knowledge about the hair follicle and the regulation of the hair cycles, we believe that an anagen inducer in the form of a specific proteoglycan replacement therapy (Nourkrin® with Marilex® from Pharma Medico) could be a proper solution to shorten the hair eclipse phenomenon – and give the patient a feeling of control and empowerment.
COMPETITION BETWEEN EQUITY MARKETS: A REVIEW OF THE CONSOLIDATION VERSUS FRAGMENTATION DEBATE
Authors: Gomber Peter , Sagade Satchit , Theissen Erik , Weber Moritz Christian , Westheide Christian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTechnological advances and regulatory initiatives have led to the emergence of a competitive, but fragmented, equity trading landscape in several markets around the world. While these changes have coincided with benefits like reduced transaction costs, advancements in trading technology, and access to a diverse array of execution venues, regulators and market participants have also raised concerns about the welfare implications of innovations like dark pools as well as the resulting increase in execution complexity. Exchanges are often viewed as natural monopolies due to the presence of network externalities and economies of scale. However, heterogeneity in traders' preferences means that no single venue can serve the interests of all investors. Fragmentation of the marketplace can be seen as a direct outcome of this heterogeneity. In this paper, we review the theoretical and empirical literature examining the economic arguments and motivations underlying market fragmentation, the resulting implications for liquidity and price efficiency, and the role for public policy. Beyond the concerns for equity markets, the lessons from this literature are relevant for other asset classes experiencing an increase in competition between trading venues.
Implant Rehabilitation Planning Protocol for the Edentulous Patient According to Denture Space, Lip Support, and Smile Line
Authors: Lago Laura , Rilo Benito , Fernández‐Formoso Noelia , DaSilva Luis 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRehabilitation with implants is a challenge. Having previous evaluation criteria is key to establishing the best treatment for the patient. In addition to clinical and radiological aspects, the prosthetic parameters must be taken into account in the initial workup, since they allow discrimination between fixed and removable rehabilitation. We present a study protocol that analyzes three basic prosthetic aspects. First, denture space defines the need to replace teeth, tissue, or both. Second, lip support focuses on whether or not to include a flange. Third, the smile line warns of potential risks in esthetic rehabilitation. Combining these parameters allows us to make a decision as to the most suitable type of prosthesis. The proposed protocol is useful for assessing the prosthetic parameters that influence decision making as to the best‐suited type of restoration. From this point of view, we think it is appropriate for the initial approach to the patient. In any case, other considerations of study may amend the proposal.
Prognosis of Indirect Composite Resin Cuspal Coverage on Endodontically Treated Premolars and Molars: An In Vivo Prospective Study
Authors: Dias Maria Carlos Real , Martins Jorge N.R. , Chen André , Quaresma Sérgio André , Luís Henrique , Caramês João 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeThis prospective clinical study evaluated the success rate of indirect composite resin cuspal coverage on endodontically treated molars and premolars and the survival rate of the restored teeth.Materials and MethodsOne hundred fifty endodontically treated teeth were restored with total resin cuspal coverage and randomly selected for the study. Patients were recalled after 2 to 5 years for clinical evaluation. Data were subjected to standard tests of statistical correlations using Spearman test.ResultsOut of the 150 teeth, 84 were molars and 66 were premolars. Of these teeth, 58.7% had mesio‐occlusal‐distal (MOD) cavities, 20.7% had mesio‐occlusal (MO), and 20.7% had occlusal‐distal (OD). A build‐up procedure was performed in 51.3% of the teeth, and buccal veneer composite resins were placed at the margins of 96.7% of the teeth. Out of the 150 teeth, 30 (20%) presented margin discoloration, 3 teeth (2%) had restoration reparable fractures, 2 teeth (1.3%) had restoration irreparable fractures, and 1 tooth (0.7%) exhibited secondary recurrent caries. The opposing arch that occluded with the treated teeth presented 58% natural teeth (no restoration material), 26.7% ceramic crowns, and 15.3% implant‐supported ceramic crowns. Statistically significant differences (p = 0.018) between irreparable restoration fractures and the type of support material present in the opposing arch were found.ConclusionsIn a period of up to 5 years, the resin cuspal coverage of endodontic treated teeth had a success rate of 96%, while the tooth survival rate was 100%. The type of support material on the opposing arch may influence the longevity of the restoration of endodontically treated teeth.
The demand for speech pathology services for children: Do we need more or just different?
Authors: Reilly Sheena , Harper Megan , Goldfeld Sharon 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn inability or difficulty communicating can have a profound impact on a child's future ability to participate in society as a productive adult. Over the past few years the number of interventions for children with speech and language problems has almost doubled; the majority are targeted interventions delivered by speech pathologists. In this paper we examine the distribution of speech pathology services in metropolitan Melbourne and how these are aligned with need as defined by vulnerability in language and social disadvantage. We identified three times as many private sector services compared to public services for the 0–5 year age group. Overall there was poorer availability of services in some of the most vulnerable areas. The profound and long‐term impact of impoverished childhood language, coupled with the considerable limitations on public spending, provide a strong impetus to deliver more equitably distributed speech pathology services.
Biogeographic variability in the physiological response of the cold‐water coral Lophelia pertusa to ocean acidification
Authors: Georgian Samuel E. , Dupont Sam , Kurman Melissa , Butler Adam , Strömberg Susanna M. , Larsson Ann I. , Cordes Erik E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWhile ocean acidification is a global issue, the severity of ecosystem effects is likely to vary considerably at regional scales. The lack of understanding of how biogeographically separated populations will respond to acidification hampers our ability to predict the future of vital ecosystems. Cold‐water corals are important drivers of biodiversity in ocean basins across the world and are considered one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to ocean acidification. We tested the short‐term physiological response of the cold‐water coral Lophelia pertusa to three pH treatments (pH = 7.9, 7.75 and 7.6) for Gulf of Mexico (USA) and Tisler Reef (Norway) populations, and found that reductions in seawater pH elicited contrasting responses. Gulf of Mexico corals exhibited reductions in net calcification, respiration and prey capture rates with decreasing pH. In contrast, Tisler Reef corals showed only slight reductions in net calcification rates under decreased pH conditions while significantly elevating respiration and capture rates. These differences are likely the result of environmental differences (depth, pH, food supply) between the two regions, invoking the potential for local adaptation or acclimatization to alter their response to global change. However, it is also possible that variations in the methodology used in the experiments contributed to the observed differences. Regardless, these results provide insights into the resilience of L. pertusa to ocean acidification as well as the potential influence of regional differences on the viability of species in future oceans.
Concordance of microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers in detecting genetic population structure in the boring giant clam Tridacna crocea across the Indo‐Malay Archipelago
Authors: Hui Min , Nuryanto Agus , Kochzius Marc 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a single, usually non‐recombining locus, and often uniparentally inherited. Therefore, its ability to reveal recent gene flow among populations is usually questioned. In this study, the genetic population structure of 16 populations of Tridacna crocea (n = 366) from the Indo‐Malay Archipelago (IMA) was examined with 10 microsatellite markers and compared to previous studies using mtDNA, in order to test if the revealed population structure was congruent between the two marker systems. The results showed that the genetic population structure revealed by the two marker systems was mostly congruent, with a high correlation between cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and microsatellites. The studied populations could be divided by both marker systems as follows: (i) Eastern Indian Ocean, (ii) Central IMA, and (iii) Western Pacific. Populations in the Central IMA showed high gene flow. However, populations in the Java Sea (Karimunjava, Pulau Seribu) were grouped into a separate cluster by mtDNA analysis, while this grouping was not detected by microsatellites. It was also noteworthy that there is obvious heterozygosity deficiency in most of the populations, which may be caused by null alleles, inbreeding or population expansion. Overall, these results indicate that the mitochondrial COI gene is applicable for population genetic analysis and precise recovery of connectivity patterns of giant clams. Therefore, the combination of mtDNA and nuclear DNA markers can lead to a more complete understanding of population genetics. Moreover, this study is expected to facilitate fully displaying the population genetic structure of giant clams combining with other researchers' results.
Population biology and recruitment of a vulnerable sea cucumber, Stichopus herrmanni, on a protected reef
Authors: Wolfe Kennedy , Byrne Maria 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPopulations of tropical sea cucumbers, harvested for bêche‐de‐mer, are in a perilous state of conservation, yet there remains a paucity of information on the biology of many harvested species. We examined the population biology of the commercially important curryfish, Stichopus herrmanni, across 2 years on Heron Reef, a protected zone in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Marine Park. Stichopus herrmanni, a species recently listed as vulnerable to extinction, is a major target species for the fishery operating in the GBR. The size class distribution and density of S. herrmanni were documented for six sites across Heron Reef. There was distinct spatial variation in the size and density of S. herrmanni across sites, with no significant difference between the 2 years. The smallest individuals found were 10 cm long, some of the only juvenile S. herrmanni documented in nature. Juvenile and sub‐adult populations were found along the leeward reef edge of Heron Reef, a habitat characterized by shallow channels of sand between inter‐tidal coral reef and crustose coralline algae (CCA). Juvenile nurseries of sea cucumbers are rarely observed in nature, making this an important observation for understanding the recruitment and population biology of S. herrmanni. The presence of juveniles in the consolidated CCA habitat each year in autumn following the summer spawning period, and the absence of small individuals several months later in spring, suggests an ontogenetic migration or displacement of these individuals to adult habitat. The distribution of larger S. herrmanni suggests intra‐reef connectivity and migration into deeper lagoon areas. This study contributes to understanding the population dynamics of this vulnerable species, a consideration for fisheries management in light of increasing global harvest.
Metabarcoding and metabolome analyses of copepod grazing reveal feeding preference and linkage to metabolite classes in dynamic microbial plankton communities
Authors: Ray Jessica L. , Althammer Julia , Skaar Katrine S. , Simonelli Paolo , Larsen Aud , Stoecker Diane , Sazhin Andrey , Ijaz Umer Z. , Quince Christopher , Nejstgaard Jens C. , Frischer Marc , Pohnert Georg , Troedsson Christofer 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn order to characterize copepod feeding in relation to microbial plankton community dynamics, we combined metabarcoding and metabolome analyses during a 22‐day seawater mesocosm experiment. Nutrient amendment of mesocosms promoted the development of haptophyte (Phaeocystis pouchetii)‐ and diatom (Skeletonema marinoi)‐dominated plankton communities in mesocosms, in which Calanus sp. copepods were incubated for 24 h in flow‐through chambers to allow access to prey particles (<500 μm). Copepods and mesocosm water sampled six times spanning the experiment were analysed using metabarcoding, while intracellular metabolite profiles of mesocosm plankton communities were generated for all experimental days. Taxon‐specific metabarcoding ratios (ratio of consumed prey to available prey in the surrounding seawater) revealed diverse and dynamic copepod feeding selection, with positive selection on large diatoms, heterotrophic nanoflagellates and fungi, while smaller phytoplankton, including P. pouchetii, were passively consumed or even negatively selected according to our indicator. Our analysis of the relationship between Calanus grazing ratios and intracellular metabolite profiles indicates the importance of carbohydrates and lipids in plankton succession and copepod–prey interactions. This molecular characterization of Calanus sp. grazing therefore provides new evidence for selective feeding in mixed plankton assemblages and corroborates previous findings that copepod grazing may be coupled to the developmental and metabolic stage of the entire prey community rather than to individual prey abundances.
Genetic basis for rapidly evolved tolerance in the wild: adaptation to toxic pollutants by an estuarine fish species
Authors: Nacci Diane , Proestou Dina , Champlin Denise , Martinson John , Waits Eric R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAtlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) residing in some urban and industrialized estuaries of theUSeastern seaboard demonstrate recently evolved and extreme tolerance to toxic aryl hydrocarbon pollutants, characterized as dioxin‐like compounds (DLCs). Here, we provide an unusually comprehensive accounting (69%) through quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of the genetic basis forDLCtolerance in killifish inhabiting an urban estuary contaminated withPCBcongeners, the most toxic of which areDLCs. Consistent with mechanistic knowledge ofDLCtoxicity in fish and other vertebrates, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr2) region accounts for 17% of trait variation; however,QTLon independent linkage groups and their interactions have even greater explanatory power (44%).QTLinterpreted within the context of recently availableFundulusgenomic resources and shared synteny among fish species suggest adaptation via interacting components of a complex stress response network. SomeQTLwere also enriched in other killifish populations characterized asDLC‐tolerant and residing in distant urban estuaries contaminated with unique mixtures of pollutants. Together, our results suggest thatDLCtolerance in killifish represents an emerging example of parallel contemporary evolution that has been driven by intense human‐mediated selection on natural populations.
HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN 1 is required for jasmonate‐mediated glandular trichome initiation in Artemisia annua
Authors: Yan Tingxiang , Chen Minghui , Shen Qian , Li Ling , Fu Xueqing , Pan Qifang , Tang Yueli , Shi Pu , Lv Zongyou , Jiang Weimin , Ma Ya‐nan , Hao Xiaolong , Sun Xiaofen , Tang Kexuan 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Glandular trichomes are generally considered biofactories that produce valuable chemicals. Increasing glandular trichome density is a very suitable way to improve the productivity of these valuable metabolites, but little is known about the regulation of glandular trichome formation. Phytohormone jasmonate (JA) promotes glandular trichome initiation in various plants, but its mechanism is also unknown.

By searching transcription factors regulated by JA in Artemisia annua, we identified a novel homeodomain‐leucine zipper transcription factor, HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN 1 (AaHD1), which positively controls both glandular and nonglandular trichome initiations. Overexpression of AaHD1 in A. annua significantly increased glandular trichome density without harming plant growth. Consequently, the artemisinin content was improved.

AaHD1 interacts with A. annua jasmonate ZIM‐domain 8 (AaJAZ8), which is a repressor of JA, thereby resulting in decreased transcriptional activity. AaHD1 knockdown lines show decreased sensitivity to JA on glandular trichome initiation, which indicates that AaHD1 plays an important role in JA‐mediated glandular trichome initiation.

We identified a new transcription factor that promotes A. annua glandular trichome initiation and revealed a novel molecular mechanism by which a homeodomain protein transduces JA signal to promote glandular trichome initiation. Our results also suggested a connection between glandular and nonglandular trichome formations.
High‐quality reference transcript datasets hold the key to transcript‐specific RNA‐sequencing analysis in plants
Authors: Brown John W. S. , Calixto Cristiane P. G. , Zhang Runxuan 
Published: September 2016

SummaryRe‐programming of the transcriptome involves both transcription and alternative splicing (AS). Some genes are regulated only at the AS level with no change in expression at the gene level. AS data must be incorporated as an essential aspect of the regulation of gene expression. RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) can deliver both transcriptional and AS information, but accurate methods to analyse the added complexity in RNA‐seq data are needed. The construction of a comprehensive reference transcript dataset (RTD) for a specific plant species, variety or accession, from all available sequence data, will immediately allow more robust analysis of RNA‐seq data. RTDs will continually evolve and improve, a process that will be more efficient if resources across a community are shared and pooled.

Contents

Summary
525

I.
Introduction
525

II.
Transcript‐specific expression quantification using a reference transcript dataset (RTD)
526

III.
Why develop an RTD?
527

IV.
How to create an RTD
527

V.
RTDs for other plant species
529

VI.
Conclusions
529

Acknowledgements
529

References
529
Reconciling concepts of time and person‐centred care of the older person with cognitive impairment in the acute care setting
Authors: Rushton Carole , Nilsson Anita , Edvardsson David 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aim of this analysis was to examine the concept of time to rejuvenate and extend existing narratives of time within the nursing literature. In particular, we hope to promote a new trajectory in nursing research and practice which focuses on time and person‐centred care, specifically of older people with cognitive impairment hospitalized in the acute care setting. We consider the explanatory power of concepts such as clock time, process time, fast care, slow care and time debt for elucidating the relationship between ‘good care’ and ‘time use’. We conclude by offering two additional concepts of time, plurotemporality and person‐centred time (PCT) which we propose will help advance of nursing knowledge and practice. Nurse clinicians and researchers can use these alternative concepts of time to explore and describe different temporal structures that honour the patient's values and preferences using experiential, observation‐based nursing research approaches.
Effect of 5% benzocaine gel on relieving pain caused by fixed orthodontic appliance activation. A double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Eslamian L. , Gholami H. , Mortazavi S. A. R. , Soheilifar S. 
Published: September 2016

Structured AbstractAimTo compare the effectiveness of 5% benzocaine gel and placebo gel on reducing pain caused by fixed orthodontic appliance activation.Setting and sample populationThirty subjects (15–25 years) undergoing fixed orthodontics.Methods and materialsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled and cross‐over clinical trial study was conducted. Subjects were asked to apply a placebo gel and 5% benzocaine gel, exchangeable in two consecutive appointments, twice a day for 3 days and mark their level of pain on a VAS scale. The pain severity was evaluated by means of Mann–Whitney U‐test for comparing two gel groups, Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test for overall differences and post hoc test of Dunnett for paired multiple comparisons. p‐value was assigned <0.05.ResultsThe overall mean value of pain intensity for benzocaine and placebo gels was 0.89 and 1.15, respectively. The Mann–Whitney U‐test indicated that there was no significant difference between overall pain in both groups (mean difference = 0.258 p ˂ 0.21). For both groups, pain intensity was significantly lower at 2, 6 and 24 h compared with pain experienced at days 2, 3 and 7.ConclusionBenzocaine gel caused a decrease in pain perception at 2 h compared with placebo gel. Peak pain intensity was at 2 h for placebo gel and at 6 h for benzocaine gel, followed by a decline in pain perception from that point to day 7 for both gels.