bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low dose versus conventional dose of intravitreal bevacizumab injection for retinopathy of prematurity: a case series with paired‐eye comparison
Authors: Han Jinu , Kim Seong Eun , Lee Sung Chul , Lee Christopher Seungkyu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeTo compare the clinical outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection, with different dosing (0.25 mg/0.01 ml versus 0.625 mg/0.025 ml) in each eye of the same patient with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).MethodsIntravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) was injected into eight patients with stage 3+ in zone I or posterior zone II ROP (16 eyes). Bevacizumab, with different dosing (0.25 mg/0.01 ml and 0.625 mg/0.025 ml), was injected into the vitreous cavity of each eye.ResultsAmong the 16 eyes treated with IVB, six eyes had zone I ROP and 10 eyes had zone II ROP. The mean birthweight was 800 ± 139 g (range, 533–955 g), and the mean gestational age was 25.9 ± 1.2 gestational weeks (range, 24.4–28.7 weeks). The postmenstrual age at initial treatment was 37.2 gestational weeks (range, 33.7–41 weeks). The mean follow‐up was 312 ± 50 days (median, 305 days; range, 238–376 days). All eyes showed regression of plus sign after IVB injection within 1 week and revascularization to the ora serrata at the time of final visit. There was no difference in the time of anatomical achievement between the eyes with different doses. None of the patients received any additional IVB injection or laser photocoagulation. After the regression of ROP, tractional retinal detachment and macular ectopia were not observed in any patients during follow‐up.ConclusionsThere was no difference in the short‐term clinical outcomes of stage 3+ ROP in zone I or II between the eyes with low dose and conventional dose of IVB.
Posterior displacement of the lamina cribrosa in normal‐tension and high‐tension glaucoma
Authors: Li Lüe , Bian Ailing , Cheng Gangwei , Zhou Qi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeTo compare the in vivo lamina cribrosa position in patients with normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG) and high‐tension glaucoma (HTG).MethodsThe comparative cross‐sectional study included three age‐ and sex‐matched groups: 26 eyes of 26 NTG patients, 26 eyes of 26 HTG patients and 25 eyes of 25 healthy controls. Serial horizontal B‐scan images of the optic nerve head were obtained from each eye using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Mean and maximum lamina cribrosa depths were measured in 11 equally spaced horizontal B‐scans. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare lamina cribrosa depth among the three groups and to correlate lamina cribrosa depth with age, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for lamina cribrosa depth was calculated.ResultsMean and maximum lamina cribrosa depths were significantly greater in HTG than in NTG eyes, and in NTG than in normal eyes in all 11 scans (all p < 0.05). The AUCs of the averaged mean and averaged maximum lamina cribrosa depths in HTG eyes (0.977 and 0.988, respectively) were significantly greater than those in NTG eyes (0.735 and 0.765, respectively; both p < 0.01). Lamina cribrosa depth was found to have a negative correlation with age in HTG eyes; however, the same association was not found in NTG or controls. Neither RNFL thickness nor VF MD was significantly correlated with lamina cribrosa depth in each group.ConclusionsThe lamina cribrosa is more posteriorly located in HTG than in NTG eyes, as well as in NTG eyes compared with healthy controls. The lamina cribrosa depth can help differentiate HTG from normal eyes, but it does not reach a good level of diagnostic accuracy for detecting NTG.
Outcome of tocilizumab treatment in refractory ocular inflammatory diseases
Authors: Silpa‐archa Sukhum , Oray Merih , Preble Janine M , Foster Charles Stephen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeTo report the outcomes of tocilizumab treatment for refractory ocular inflammatory diseases.MethodsA retrospective case series of 17 patients (28 eyes) diagnosed with recalcitrant ocular inflammatory diseases including uveitis (10 cases), scleritis (six cases) and orbital pseudotumour (one case), who received tocilizumab between April 2010 and March 2015. All patients were initiated with treatment of 4 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg tocilizumab. The primary outcome was absence of inflammation and achievement of steroid sparing at 6 and 9 months. Secondary outcomes were change in visual acuity and major adverse effects of tocilizumab causing discontinuation of the treatment.ResultsMean age at initiation of tocilizumab was 41 ± 16 years. Prior to tocilizumab treatment, all patients underwent unsuccessful conventional immunosuppressive therapy while 94% of patients (16/17) failed treatment with various biological agents. After tocilizumab administration, control of inflammation and steroid sparing were achieved in 63% and 71% of uveitis patients at 6 and 9 months, while 50% of scleritis patients achieved the primary outcome at 6 and 9 months. Mean duration of tocilizumab therapy was 12.6 ± 10.0 (range, 2–35) months. Three of four patients who had a follow‐up of at least 18 (range, 18–35) months experienced quiescent inflammation for up to 32 months of tocilizumab use until last visit. Four patients (24%) discontinued tocilizumab due to serious side effects including neutropenia, unacceptable dizziness and nausea, severe angioedema and severe abdominal pain.ConclusionOur series demonstrated moderate efficacy of tocilizumab in recalcitrant uveitis and scleritis. Serious adverse effects were not uncommon.
The vasodilating effects of insulin and lactate are increased in precapillary arterioles in the porcine retina ex vivo
Authors: Skov Jensen Peter , Metz Mariendal Pedersen Simon , Aalkjaer Christian , Bek Toke 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeDisturbances in the diameter regulation of the larger retinal vessels are involved in the pathophysiology of a number of vision threatening retinal diseases, but the role of the smaller vessels has received less attention. Therefore, an experimental model was developed for studying diameter changes in retinal vessels at all branching levels secondary to pharmacological interventions ex vivo.MethodsPorcine hemiretinas were mounted in a tissue chamber that allowed the control of temperature, pH and oxygen saturation. The chamber was positioned in a fluorescence microscope, and changes in the diameter of larger arterioles, precapillary arterioles and capillaries were studied after intravascular and extravascular application of the thromboxane analogue U46619, lactate, the glutamate agonist N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) and insulin.ResultsU46619 induced significant contraction of all vessel calibres after extravascular application, but had no significant effect on vessel diameters after intravascular application. In contracted vessels, lactate induced significant dilatation in all vessel calibres, and the effect was more pronounced after intravascular than after extravascular application where only precapillary arterioles dilated significantly. N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) induced similar dilatation in the three vessel types after intra‐ and extravascular application, whereas the dilating effect of insulin was significantly more pronounced in the precapillary arterioles than in the other vessel types.ConclusionThe diameter regulation in precapillary retinal arterioles differs from that of other retinal vascular branching levels and may play a special role in the pathophysiology of retinal vascular disease.
Evaluation of Mutual Drug–Drug Interaction within Geneva Cocktail for Cytochrome P450 Phenotyping using Innovative Dried Blood Sampling Method
Authors: Bosilkovska Marija , Samer Caroline , Déglon Julien , Thomas Aurélien , Walder Bernhard , Desmeules Jules , Daali Youssef 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCytochrome P450 (CYP) activity can be assessed using a ‘cocktail’ phenotyping approach. Recently, we have developed a cocktail (Geneva cocktail) which combines the use of low‐dose probes with a low‐invasiveness dried blood spots (DBS) sampling technique and a single analytical method for the phenotyping of six major CYP isoforms. We have previously demonstrated that modulation of CYP activity after pre‐treatment with CYP inhibitors/inducer could be reliably predicted using Geneva cocktail. To further validate this cocktail, in this study, we have verified whether probe drugs contained in the latter cause mutual drug–drug interactions. In a randomized, four‐way, Latin‐square crossover study, 30 healthy volunteers received low‐dose caffeine, flurbiprofen, omeprazole, dextromethorphan and midazolam (a previously validated combination with no mutual drug–drug interactions); fexofenadine alone; bupropion alone; or all seven drugs simultaneously (Geneva cocktail). Pharmacokinetic profiles of the probe drugs and their metabolites were determined in DBS samples using both conventional micropipette sampling and new microfluidic device allowing for self‐sampling. The 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios of AUC metabolite/AUC probe for CYP probes administered alone or within Geneva cocktail fell within the 0.8–1.25 bioequivalence range indicating the absence of pharmacokinetic interaction. The same result was observed for the chosen phenotyping indices, that is metabolic ratios at 2 hr (CYP1A2, CYP3A) or 3 hr (CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6) post‐cocktail administration. DBS sampling could successfully be performed using a new microfluidic device. In conclusion, Geneva cocktail combined with an innovative DBS sampling device can be used routinely as a test for simultaneous CYP phenotyping.
Paediatric non‐Hodgkin lymphoma ‐ perspectives in translational biology
Authors: Shiramizu Bruce , Mussolin Lara , Woessmann Wilhelm , Klapper Wolfram 
Published: March 2016

SummaryExciting advances have been achieved for infants, children and adolescents diagnosed with, and treated for, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In spite of these successes, new frontiers are being paved to improve the prognosis for those who relapse or have resistant disease. This review summarizes some of the novel approaches and ideas in NHL monitoring, diagnosis and treatment as discussed at the 5th International Symposium on Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma on October 22nd–24th 2015 in Varese, Italy.
Relationship factors in skin self‐examination among couples
Authors: Manne Sharon L. , Coups Elliot J. , Kashy Deborah A. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveIndividuals may be more motivated to adopt health‐promoting practices if they consider the benefits of these behaviours for their close relationships. The goal of this study was to use the interdependence theory to evaluate the role of relationship factors in skin self‐examination (SSE).DesignThe study adopted a cross‐sectional survey design.MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐four married couples aged 50 years and older completed measures of skin cancer worry, SSE benefits, SSE barriers, relationship‐centred motivations for SSE, discussions about SSE, and SSE practices in the past year.ResultsCouples who discussed SSE with one another were more likely to engage in it. Couples who adopted a relationship‐centred motivation for SSE were more likely to discuss SSE, and, ultimately, engage in SSE. One partner's beliefs were associated with the other partner's SSE. Women who adopted a relationship‐centred motivation for SSE had husbands who discussed SSE more and also had husbands who were more likely to conduct SSE. Men who adopted a relationship‐centred motivation for SSE did not have wives who reported that they discussed SSE more with their husbands and/or wives who were more likely to conduct SSE. These findings suggest that wives’ relationship beliefs and discussions with their husbands may have a stronger association with their husbands’ SSE practices than the associations between husbands’ relationship beliefs and discussions with their wives’ SSE practices.ConclusionsBehavioural interventions may benefit from encouraging couples to discuss SSE and consider the benefits of SSE for their relationship and for their spouse's health.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Previous studies have shown that people are more motivated to adopt health‐promoting behaviours if they consider the benefits of such behaviours for their close relationships. However, little is known about the role of the marital relationship in the engagement in skin self‐examination (SSE) practices.

What does this study add?

This study builds on prior research evaluating the role of relationship factors in cancer screening and surveillance practices.

Couples who discuss SSE with one another are more likely to engage in it. Couples who consider the benefits of engaging in SSE for their relationship are more likely to discuss skin examinations and engage in them.
Love versus loving criticism: Disentangling conventional and constructive patriotism
Authors: Sekerdej Maciej , Roccas Sonia 
Published: March 2016

We seek in three studies to better understand constructive patriotism by identifying perceptual and motivational factors that predict it above and beyond conventional patriotism and by examining one of its distinctive consequences (total n = 573). Study 1 (Polish students) shows that constructive patriotism is predicted by the perceived discrepancy between actual and ideal representations of the nation. Study 2 (Polish and Israeli students), which draws on Schwartz's theory of values, shows that constructive patriotism is negatively associated with the pursuit of self‐interests. In Study 3 (Israeli adults), we broadened our investigation of constructive patriotism and conventional patriotism by examining the willingness to write examples of what constitutes a contribution to the nation, and analysed the content of these written statements. Individuals who scored higher on constructive patriotism wrote more examples, as well as more distinctive examples, of contributions to the nation. These findings provide the first empirical evidence for predictors and potential consequences of constructive patriotism that go beyond the love of one's nation.
Intersubunit interactions at putative sites of ethanol action in the M3 and M4 domains of the NMDA receptor GluN1 and GluN2B subunits
Authors: Zhao Y , Ren H , Peoples R W 
Published: March 2016

Background and PurposeThe NMDA receptor is an important target of alcohol action in the brain. Recent studies in this laboratory have demonstrated that alcohol‐sensitive positions in the intersubunit interfaces of the M3 and M4 domains of GluN1 and GluN2A subunits interact with respect to ethanol sensitivity and receptor kinetics and that alcohol‐sensitive positions in the M domains of GluN2A and GluN2B subunits differ. In this study, we tested for interactions among alcohol‐sensitive positions at the M domain intersubunit interfaces in GluN1/GluN2B NMDA receptors.Experimental ApproachWe used whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording in tsA201 cells expressing tryptophan substitution mutants at ethanol‐sensitive positions in the GluN1 and GluN2B NMDA receptor subunits to test for interactions among positions.Key ResultsSix pairs of positions in GluN1/GluN2B significantly interacted to regulate ethanol inhibition: Gly638/Met824, Gly638/Leu825, Phe639/Leu825, Phe639/Gly826, Met818/Phe637 and Val820/Phe637. Tryptophan substitution at Met824 or Leu825 in GluN2B did not alter ethanol sensitivity but interacted with positions in the GluN1 M3 domain to regulate ethanol action, whereas tryptophan substitution at Gly638, which is the cognate of an ethanol‐sensitive position in GluN2A, did not alter ethanol sensitivity or interact with positions in GluN1. Two and three pairs of positions interacted to regulate glutamate steady‐state and peak current EC50, respectively, and one pair interacted with respect to macroscopic desensitization.ConclusionsDespite highly‐conserved M domain sequences and similar ethanol sensitivity in the GluN2A and GluN2B subunits, the manner in which these subunits interact with the GluN1 subunit to regulate ethanol sensitivity and receptor kinetics differs.
Who speaks for whom? Implementing the Crown's duty to consult in the case of divided Aboriginal political structures
Authors: Peach Ian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Supreme Court of Canada has determined that the Crown has a duty to consult Aboriginal peoples on government decisions that may adversely affect their rights, but the Court did not define who the Crown should consult on behalf of Aboriginal people when two or more groups claim the right to speak for them. For government officials attempting to fulfil the Crown's duty, this can create challenges. This article reviews the jurisprudence and scholarly commentary to provide some guidance to government officials on how to effectively implement the Crown's duty to consult as a practical matter of public administration.
Municipal‐Aboriginal advisory committees in four Canadian cities: 1999–2014
Authors: Heritz Joanne 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHow have municipal governments in Canada been engaging Aboriginal peoples and First Nations? This project examined municipal Aboriginal relations offices and/or advisory committees across Canada and focuses on four cases in Vancouver, Edmonton, Winnipeg and Toronto. This study identified their mandates, size, locations and initiatives these offices and advisory committees have undertaken, which include: awareness training; employment strategies to recruit, hire and retain Aboriginal municipal employees; and improve Aboriginal representation on municipal agencies, boards and commissions.
Theorizing the resilience of the Indian Act
Authors: Morden Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Indian Act, 1876 has exhibited extraordinary resistance to major change – despite inspiring universal antipathy. This puzzle is addressed by applying institutionalist theories designed to explain continuity. Both the rational choice and historical versions of institutionalism offer partial explanations for the resilience of the Indian Act – and both can be used to predict change. Discursive institutionalism completes the theoretical puzzle by drawing attention to legitimacy norms. The Indian Act is an example of a “legitimacy trap” – it imposes limits on participation in the policy discussion, but saps the credibility and political capital of those leaders upon whom it confers standing, inhibiting change.
The influence of professional competence on the inter‐ and intra‐individual esthetic evaluation of implant‐supported crowns in the anterior maxilla
Authors: Petsos Hari , Trimpou Georgia , Eickholz Peter , Lauer Hans‐Christoph , Weigl Paul 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesEvaluation of the influence of professional competence on esthetic predictability of implant‐supported crowns in the anterior maxilla and identification of objective factors allowing predictable planning for esthetic results.Materials and methodsSixty patients with 82 implants in the esthetic zone were included in this study. Width of keratinized mucosa, biotype, recessions, and papilla index according to Jemt as well as radiological bone loss were assessed. Study casts and photographs were obtained. Each patient as well as people with different level of expertise (laypersons, students and dentists) rated the esthetic satisfaction after final restoration on a scale (1–10). Correlations between esthetic assessments and previously documented clinical parameters were tested.ResultsThe study failed to show a significant relationship between the raters' level of dental expertise and their subjective esthetic evaluation. However, patients rated themselves much more favorable than the three evaluator groups did. A comparison of the clinical parameters with the esthetic evaluation revealed significantly more favorable ratings by the lay group in the presence of a wide attached gingiva (P = 0.021) than by the other groups and by the laypersons (P = 0.002), the dentists (P = 0.003), and students (P = 0.009) in the absence of recessions. The ratio of the implant crown length to the length of the contralateral crown had a negative effect on ratings for all three groups ([laypersons P < 0.001], [students P < 0.001] and [dentists P = 0.001]). The papilla index of the mesial papilla correlated significantly with laypersons' ratings (P = 0.036).ConclusionEarlier investigations are confirmed. Width of keratinized mucosa is a risk factor for esthetic predictability of implant‐supported crowns in the anterior maxilla in laypersons' ratings. Furthermore, there is an association between the discrepancy of lengths of implant‐supported single crowns to their contralateral natural teeth and esthetic satisfaction for all expertise levels.
Bruxism and dental implant treatment complications: a retrospective comparative study of 98 bruxer patients and a matched group
Authors: Chrcanovic Bruno Ramos , Kisch Jenö , Albrektsson Tomas , Wennerberg Ann 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the complications of dental implant treatment in a group of patients with bruxism in comparison with a matched group of non‐bruxers.Material and methodsPatients being diagnosed as bruxers were identified within a group of patients consecutively treated with implant‐supported prostheses at one specialist clinic, based on the most recent listed sign and symptoms of bruxism according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders. A diagnostic grading system of “possible,” “probable,” and “definite” sleep or awake bruxism was used, according to a recent published international consensus. A case–control matching model was used to match the bruxers with a group of non‐bruxers, based on five variables. Implant‐, prosthetic‐, and patient‐related data were collected, as well as 14 mechanical complications, and compared between groups.ResultsNinety‐eight of 2670 patients were identified as bruxers. The odds ratio of implant failure in bruxers in relation to non‐bruxers was 2.71 (95% CI 1.25, 5.88). Considering the same number of patients with the same total number of implants equally distributed between groups, the bruxers group had a higher prevalence of mechanical complications in comparison with the non‐bruxers group.ConclusionsThis study suggests that bruxism may significantly increase both the implant failure rate and the rate of mechanical and technical complications of implant‐supported restorations. Other risk factors may also have influenced the results.