bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What goes wrong with the allocation of domestic and international resources for HIV?
Authors: Sterck Olivier C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper examines how domestic and international financing for HIV is, and ought to be, distributed. We build a theoretical framework that decomposes domestic and international financing for HIV into nonlinear functions of national income, HIV prevalence, and government effectiveness. We test this model, paying particular attention to nonlinearities and to problems of bad controls, multicollinearity, and reverse causality. Finally, we use the fitted values of quartile regressions to study how much countries could reasonably pay domestically and how much they should receive from donors. Worryingly, countries with higher financial means receive on average more aid per PLHIV than very poor ones, and countries with higher HIV prevalence receive on average less aid per people living with HIV. The normative analysis concludes that US$3.08 billion of fiscal space could be created in LIC and MIC. We identify the countries that could be allocated more aid.
Comparing Beerkan infiltration tests with rainfall simulation experiments for hydraulic characterization of a sandy‐loam soil
Authors: Di Prima Simone , Bagarello Vincenzo , Lassabatere Laurent , Angulo‐Jaramillo Rafael , Bautista Inmaculada , Burguet Maria , Cerdà Artemi , Iovino Massimo , Prosdocimi Massimo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSaturated soil hydraulic conductivity, Ks, data collected by ponding infiltrometer methods and usual experimental procedures could be unusable for interpreting field hydrological processes and particularly rainfall infiltration. The Ks values determined by an infiltrometer experiment carried out by applying water at a relatively large distance from the soil surface could however be more appropriate to explain surface runoff generation phenomena during intense rainfall events. In this study, a link between rainfall simulation and ponding infiltrometer experiments was established for a sandy‐loam soil. The height of water pouring for the infiltrometer run was chosen, establishing a similarity between the gravitational potential energy of the applied water, Ep, and the rainfall kinetic energy, Ek. To test the soundness of this procedure, the soil was sampled with the Beerkan estimation of soil transfer parameters procedure of soil hydraulic characterization and two heights of water pouring (0.03 m, i.e., usual procedure, and 0.34 m, yielding Ep = Ek). Then, a comparison between experimental steady‐state infiltration rates, isR, measured with rainfall simulation experiments determining runoff production and Ks values for the two water pouring heights was carried out in order to discriminate between theoretically possible (isR ≥ Ks) and impossible (isR < Ks) situations. Physically possible Ks values were only obtained by applying water at a relatively large distance from the soil surface, because isR was equal to 20.0 mm h−1 and Ks values were 146.2–163.9 and 15.2–18.7 mm h−1 for a height of water pouring of 0.03 and 0.34 m, respectively. This result suggested the consistency between Beerkan runs with a high height of water pouring and rainfall simulator experiments. Soil compaction and mechanical aggregate breakdown were the most plausible physical mechanisms determining reduction of Ks with height. This study demonstrated that the height from which water is poured onto the soil surface is a key parameter in infiltrometer experiments and can be adapted to mimic the effect of high intensity rain on soil hydraulic properties.
Limited effects of pre‐existing maternal antisocial behaviours on infant neurodevelopment: A pilot study
Authors: Currie Lisa , Pajer Kathleen , Gardner William , Cake Heather , Shaw Sarah , Patterson Victoria 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAntisocial behaviour disorders (ABDs) are among the most costly and treatment resistant of all psychiatric syndromes. Select neurodevelopmental abnormalities have been labelled a risk factor for ABDs, but it is unknown if maternal ABDs are associated with early neurodevelopmental abnormalities. This study tested whether infants of ABD mothers had more neurodevelopmental abnormalities than mothers with no psychiatric disorder (ND). Thirty‐nine pregnant women (49% with ABDs; 51% no psychiatric disorder) were recruited from the community. Infant neurodevelopment was assessed at ≤1 and 8 weeks using the Neonatal Behavioural Assessment Scale and at 16 weeks of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development‐III. There was no significant group difference at ≤8 weeks. At 16 weeks, ABD mothers rated their infants higher on the Adapted Behaviours subscale, specifically on the leisure and self‐directed scales, when corrected for substance use and socio‐economic status. This pilot study found higher maternal ratings of Adapted Behaviours at 16 weeks, which may be due to unrealistic expectations about infant development.Highlights

Maternal Antisocial behaviour disorders (ABDs) do not impact early infant neurodevelopment at ≤ 8 weeks old as measured by standardized assessment.
Mothers with ABDs view their infants at 16 weeks as better adapted than women without any psychiatric disorder.
Specifically, mothers with ABDs reported their infants as better adapted on the leisure and self‐direction subscales of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development‐III. This finding may be due to less knowledge about normal infant adaptive behavior.
Gibberellin‐regulated protein in Japanese apricot is an allergen cross‐reactive to Pru p 7
Authors: Inomata Naoko , Miyakawa Mami , Aihara Michiko 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundGibberellin‐regulated protein (GRP, also known as peamaclein) was recently identified as a new marker allergen related to systemic reactions in peach allergy; however, its role in other fruit allergies is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the allergenicity of Japanese apricot (JA) GRP and clarify the clinical characteristics of JA allergy patients with GRP sensitization.MethodsSeven patients (two males, five females, mean age 28.0 years) diagnosed with JA allergy based on relevant clinical history, positive skin test and/or challenge test were enrolled. JA GRP with a molecular weight of 6896.5 Da was purified by ion‐exchange column chromatography. We performed enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), IgE‐immunoblotting, basophil activating tests (BATs), and skin prick tests (SPTs) with purified JA GRP. To investigate the cross‐reactivity between JA GRP and native Pru p 7 (nPru p 7), we performed ELISA inhibition tests. We measured specific IgE levels against apricot, peach, rPru p 1, rPru p 3, and rPru p 4 using ImmunoCAP.ResultsELISA and IgE‐immunoblotting using JA GRP showed positive reactions in six (85.7%) and seven (100%) patients, respectively. Five patients who provided informed consent for BATs and SPTs using JA GRP had positive results. In four patients who underwent ELISA inhibition tests using JA GRP and nPru p 7, IgE binding to one GRP inhibited binding to the other. The positivity for specific IgE against apricot, peach, rPru p 1, rPru p 3, and rPru p 4 was 14.3%, 57.1%, 0%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. Patients developed allergic reactions that were frequently accompanied with facial swelling, especially of the eyelids, which was dependent on cofactors, such as exercise.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThese results indicated that GRP might be a causative allergen of JA allergy, whose onset frequently requires a cofactor, such as exercise, and might be cross‐reactive between JAs and peaches.
MiR‐150 alleviates neuropathic pain via inhibiting toll‐like receptor 5
Authors: Ji Li‐Juan , Shi Jing , Lu Jing‐Min , Huang Qiang‐min 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are reported as vital participators in the pathophysiological course of neuropathic pain. However, the underlying mechanisms of the functional roles of miRNAs in neuropathic pain are largely unknown. This study was designed to explore the potential role of miR‐150 in regulating the process of neuropathic pain in a rat model established by chronic sciatic nerve injury (CCI). Overexpression of miR‐150 greatly alleviated neuropathic pain development and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression, including COX‐2, interleukin IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in CCI rats. By bioinformatic analysis, 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) of Toll‐like receptor (TLR5) was predicted to be a target of miR‐150. TLR5 commonly serves as an important regulator of inflammation. Overexpression of miR‐150 significantly suppressed the expression of TLR5 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, upregulation of TLR5 decreased the miR‐150 expression and downregulation of TLR5 increased miR‐150, respectively. Overexpression of TLR5 significantly reversed the miR‐150‐induced suppressive effects on neuropathic pain. In conclusion, our current study indicates that miR‐150 may inhibit neuropathic pain development of CCI rats through inhibiting TLR5‐mediated neuroinflammation. Our findings suggest that miR‐150 may provide a novel therapeutic target for neuropathic pain treatment.
Current Patterns of Training in Personality Assessment During Internship
Authors: Stedman James M. , McGeary Cindy A. , Essery Joshua 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTraining in broad‐based objective and projective personality assessments has been a mainstay of applied psychology. Stedman (2007) and Piotrowski (2015) have documented a decline in projective training during internship. This study investigated internship directors’ current expectations regarding graduate school training with objective and projective instruments, their ratings of the importance of that training, and current training patterns with objective and projective instruments during internship.MethodParticipants were 355 psychology internship programs, representing 46.1% of the Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers.ResultsResults indicated the following current internship training patterns: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (68% to 51%), Personality Assessment Inventory (59% to 25%), Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (51% to 34%), Rorschach (35 to 26%), story telling (41% to 19%), sentence completion (41% to 18%), and drawings (36% to 9%). Adult program directors reported higher percentages for objective tests; child program directors reported higher percentages for projective tests.ConclusionA decreased valuation of projective techniques is now typical of current internship training programs.
Protective Factors and Processes Contributing to the Academic Success of Students Living in Poverty: Implications for Counselors
Authors: Williams Joseph M. , Bryan Julia , Morrison Stephaney , Scott Tracey R. 
Published: July 2017

This phenomenological qualitative study examined a national sample of high‐achieving, low‐income middle school students' (N = 24) perspectives of protective factors and processes that contribute to their academic success in school. Four main themes and 12 subthemes were identified. The main themes are peer social capital, teachers who care, family and community assets, and multiple streams of motivation. Implications for counselors who serve students living in poverty are discussed.Este estudio cualitativo fenomenológico examinó las perspectivas de factores de protección y procesos que contribuyen al éxito académico escolar de una muestra nacional de alumnos de escuela media con altos logros y bajos ingresos (N = 24). Se identificaron cuatro temas principales y doce subtemas. Los temas principales son capital social entre pares, maestros que muestran interés, recursos familiares y comunitarios, y múltiples fuentes de motivación. Se discuten las implicaciones para consejeros que sirven a estudiantes que viven en la pobreza.
Counseling Strategies for Empowering People Living in Poverty: The I‐CARE Model
Authors: Foss‐Kelly Louisa L. , Generali Margaret M. , Kress Victoria E. 
Published: July 2017

Poverty has an impact on mental health and the counseling process in profound ways; however, counselors may fail to recognize the importance of poverty in clients' lives. The authors propose a model to help counselors navigate the complexities of counseling clients who are living in poverty. The I‐CARE Model may help counselors develop insight about personal biases, acknowledge harsh realities of poverty, remove barriers to growth, and expand on the clients' own strengths.La pobreza tiene un profundo impacto sobre la salud mental y el proceso de consejería; sin embargo, es posible que los consejeros no reconozcan la importancia de la pobreza en las vidas de sus clientes. Los autores proponen un modelo para ayudar a los consejeros a comprender las complejidades de los clientes que viven en la probreza. El Modelo I‐CARE puede ayudar a los consejeros a desarrollar su percepción de sesgos personales, reconocer las duras realidades de la probreza, eliminar barreras al crecimiento y ampliar las fortalezas de los clientes.
Balanced N and C input recommendations for rain‐fed maize production in northern China based on N balances and grain yields
Authors: Wang Xiaobin , Cai Dianxiong , Zhao Quansheng , Xie Xiaohong , Hoogmoed Willem B , Oenema Oene 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study aimed to assess longer‐term (1993–2009) effects of combined applications of fertiliser, maize stover, and cattle manure on maize yields, partial nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) balances, and water and N‐use efficiencies, to guide N and C input recommendations for rain‐fed maize production in northern China.RESULTSThe field trial, with three factors at five levels and 12 treatments, was conducted at Shouyang Dryland‐Farming Experimental Station, Shanxi, China. Data analysis revealed higher N balances but lower C balances significantly occurred in a dry year than in a wet year. Positive N balances related to higher N inputs resulted in higher soil available N, even downward to deep layers with increasing N inputs, while positive C balances due to higher C inputs could be benefit to increase soil organic C. Based on partial N balances and grain yields, N and C inputs at ranges of 100 kg N ha−1and 1.9–2.9 Mg C ha−1could be recommended for target yields of 6.7–7.2 Mg ha−1in rain‐fed maize production.CONCLUSIONThe study suggests that N balances close to neutral be given priority to improving N‐use efficiency, and more positive C balances also be important for sustaining target yields and soil fertility levels. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)diacrylates] as potential stationary phases in GC
Authors: Kurganov Alexander , Kanateva Anastasiya , Shiryaeva Valeriya , Popova Tamara , Korolev Alexander 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPoly[oligo(ethylene glycol)diacrylate]s were investigated as potential candidates for application as stationary phases in capillary gas chromatography. Depending on the molar mass of the monomer, up to three different phase transitions were observed in calorimetric scans of the polymers. Two transitions have been identified as the glass transition and melting of crystallites while the nature of the third effect remains unknown. The new stationary phases demonstrate a good separating ability and selectivity in the viscous‐elastic state, i.e. at temperatures above the glass transition and melting points. The new polymeric stationary phases possess selectivity similar to conventional PEG columns but provide better thermal stability than conventional PEG stationary phases.
Seasonal and latitudinal variation in seagrass mechanical traits across Europe: The influence of local nutrient status and morphometric plasticity
Authors: Soissons L. M. , van Katwijk M. M. , Peralta G. , Brun F. G. , Cardoso P. G. , Grilo T. F. , Ondiviela B. , Recio M. , Valle M. , Garmendia J. M. , Ganthy F. , Auby I. , Rigouin L. , Godet L. , Fournier J. , Desroy N. , Barillé L. , Kadel P. , Asmus R. , Herman P. M. J. , Bouma T. J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSeagrasses are marine flowering plants distributed worldwide. They are however threatened, mostly due to the increase of human activities. Seagrasses have the capacity to adapt their morphological, physiological, and mechanical traits to their local conditions. Mechanical traits have been identified as a good tool to investigate a plant‐species capacity to withstand physical forces or disturbances but are still sparsely studied in seagrasses. With this study, we aimed to assess how the mechanical traits of a broadly spread seagrass species vary along a latitudinal gradient in relation to its morphometric plasticity and nutrient status. We found that seagrasses acclimate their mechanical traits in relation to their physiological or morphological traits, both over the growing season and across a latitudinal range: leaves were weaker and thinner in northern areas, particularly at the end of the growing season. Besides the influence of the latitudinal gradient, leaf mechanical strength and stiffness were both strongly affected by their morphometric plasticity. Moreover, we showed that leaves mechanical traits change depending on their nutrient status: leaves were stronger and stiffer in oligotrophic conditions as compared to more eutrophic conditions. Thus, our results imply that, under eutrophication, leaves become weaker and thus more vulnerable to physical forces. This vulnerability is higher in the north at the end of the growing season. The latter is consistent with the more ephemeral character of northern seagrass meadows, in contrast to the more evergreen southern meadows.
The emerging science of precision medicine and pharmacogenomics for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Payami Haydeh 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCurrent therapies for Parkinson's disease are problematic because they are symptomatic and have adverse effects. New drugs have failed in clinical trials because of inadequate efficacy. At the core of the problem is trying to make one drug work for all Parkinson's disease patients, when we know this premise is wrong because (1) Parkinson's disease is not a single disease, and (2) no two individuals have the same biological makeup. Precision medicine is the goal to strive for, but we are only at the beginning stages of building the infrastructure for one of the most complex projects in the history of science, and it will be a long time before Parkinson's disease reaps the benefits. Pharmacogenomics, a cornerstone of precision medicine, has already proven successful for many conditions and could also propel drug discovery and improve treatment for Parkinson's disease. To make progress in the pharmacogenomics of Parkinson's disease, we need to change course from small inconclusive candidate gene studies to large‐scale rigorously planned genome‐wide studies that capture the nuclear genome and the microbiome. Pharmacogenomic studies must use homogenous subtypes of Parkinson's disease or apply the brute force of statistical power to overcome heterogeneity, which will require large sample sizes achievable only via internet‐based methods and electronic databases. Large‐scale pharmacogenomic studies, together with biomarker discovery efforts, will yield the knowledge necessary to design clinical trials with precision to alleviate confounding by disease heterogeneity and interindividual variability in drug response, two of the major impediments to successful drug discovery and effective treatment. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A generalized ratiometric chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI approach for mapping renal pH using iopamidol
Authors: Wu Yin , Zhou Iris Y. , Igarashi Takahiro , Longo Dario L. , Aime Silvio , Sun Phillip Zhe 
Published: July 2017

PurposeTo extend the pH detection range of iopamidol‐based ratiometric chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI at sub‐high magnetic field and establish quantitative renal pH MRI.MethodsChemical exchange saturation transfer imaging was performed on iopamidol phantoms with pH of 5.5 to 8.0 and in vivo on rat kidneys (n = 5) during iopamidol administration at a 4.7 T. Iopamidol CEST effects were described using a multipool Lorentzian model. A generalized ratiometric analysis was conducted by ratioing resolved iopamidol CEST effects at 4.3 and 5.5 ppm obtained under 1.0 and 2.0 µT, respectively. The pH detection range was established for both the standard ratiometric analysis and the proposed resolved approach. Renal pH was mapped in vivo with regional pH assessed by one‐way analysis of variance.ResultsGood‐fitting performance was observed in multipool Lorentzian resolving of CEST effects (R2s > 0.99). The proposed approach extends the in vitro pH detection range to 5.5 to 7.5 at 4.7 T. In vivo renal pH was measured to be 7.0 ± 0.1, 6.8 ± 0.1, and 6.5 ± 0.2 for cortex, medulla and calyx, respectively (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe proposed ratiometric approach extended the iopamidol pH detection range, enabling the renal pH mapping in vivo, which is promising for pH imaging studies at sub‐high or low fields with potential clinical applicability. Magn Reson Med 79:1553–1558, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Self‐calibrated correlation imaging with k‐space variant correlation functions
Authors: Li Yu , Edalati Masoud , Du Xingfu , Wang Hui , Cao Jie J. 
Published: July 2017

PurposeCorrelation imaging is a previously developed high‐speed MRI framework that converts parallel imaging reconstruction into the estimate of correlation functions. The presented work aims to demonstrate this framework can provide a speed gain over parallel imaging by estimating k‐space variant correlation functions.MethodsBecause of Fourier encoding with gradients, outer k‐space data contain higher spatial‐frequency image components arising primarily from tissue boundaries. As a result of tissue‐boundary sparsity in the human anatomy, neighboring k‐space data correlation varies from the central to the outer k‐space. By estimating k‐space variant correlation functions with an iterative self‐calibration method, correlation imaging can benefit from neighboring k‐space data correlation associated with both coil sensitivity encoding and tissue‐boundary sparsity, thereby providing a speed gain over parallel imaging that relies only on coil sensitivity encoding. This new approach is investigated in brain imaging and free‐breathing neonatal cardiac imaging.ResultsCorrelation imaging performs better than existing parallel imaging techniques in simulated brain imaging acceleration experiments. The higher speed enables real‐time data acquisition for neonatal cardiac imaging in which physiological motion is fast and non‐periodic.ConclusionWith k‐space variant correlation functions, correlation imaging gives a higher speed than parallel imaging and offers the potential to image physiological motion in real‐time. Magn Reson Med 79:1483–1494, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.