bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between receipt of substitutable for-fee vaccines and completion of the expanded programme on immunisation: a cross-sectional study in Fujian, China
Authors: Wu Jiang-Nan , Li Da-Jin , Zhou Yong , Du Mei-Rong , Piao Hai-Lan 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between receipt of the substitutable-for-fee vaccines (SFV) and completion of the expanded programme on immunisation (EPI).Design and settingsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Fujian province, China.ParticipantsChildren who were born from 1 September 2009 to 31 August 2011, and who had been residing in the township for at least 3 months, were randomly recruited from 34 townships.Main outcomes measuresOutcomes were completion rate of the EPI and coverage rate of the SFV.ResultsThe study included 1428 children, of whom 1350 (94.5%) finished the EPI and 282 (19.7%) received at least one dose of the SFV. Administration of the SFV was associated with an increased likelihood of completing the EPI (OR=3.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 7.6 in the total sample and OR=4.0, 95% CI 1.7 to 9.6 in the subsample of children in regions with the SFV accessibility). The impact of the SFV administration on completion of the EPI was larger among children whose parents have junior school education or less (97.8% and 97.9% vs 92.5% and 91.9%, both p<0.001) and among those with a timely hepatitis B vaccine first dose (98.5% vs 94.0%, p<0.001).ConclusionsReceipt of SFV is associated with increased likelihood of completion of the EPI in Fujian, China.
Accelerated enhancedRecovery followingMinimallyInvasive colorectal cancer surgery (RecoverMI): a study protocol for a novel randomised controlled trial
Authors: Price Brandee A , Bednarski Brian K , You Y Nancy , Manandhar Meryna , Dean E Michelle , Alawadi Zeinab M , Bryce Speer B , Gottumukkala Vijaya , Weldon Marla , Massey Robert L , Wang Xuemei , Qiao Wei , Chang George J 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionDefinitive treatment of localised colorectal cancer involves surgical resection of the primary tumour. Short-stay colectomies (eg, 23-hours) would have important implications for optimising the efficiency of inpatient care with reduced resource utilisation while improving the overall recovery experience with earlier return to normalcy. It could permit surgical treatment of colorectal cancer in a wider variety of settings, including hospital-based ambulatory surgery environments. While a few studies have shown that discharge within the first 24 hours after minimally invasive colectomy is possible, the safety, feasibility and patient acceptability of a protocol for short-stay colectomy for colorectal cancer have not previously been evaluated in a prospective randomised study. Moreover, given the potential for some patients to experience a delay in recovery of bowel function after colectomy, close outpatient monitoring may be necessary to ensure safe implementation.Methods and analysisIn order to address this gap, we propose a prospective randomised trial of accelerated enhancedRecovery followingMinimallyInvasive colorectal cancer surgery (RecoverMI) that leverages the combination of minimally invasive surgery with enhanced recovery protocols and early coordinated outpatient remote televideo conferencing technology (TeleRecovery) to improve postoperative patien-provider communication, enhance postoperative treatment navigation and optimise postdischarge care. We hypothesise that RecoverMI can be safely incorporated into multidisciplinary practice to improve patient outcomes and reduce the overall 30-day duration of hospitalisation while preserving the quality of the patient experience.Ethics and disseminationRecoverMIhas received institutional review board approval and funding from the American Society of Colorectal Surgeons (ASCRS; LPG103). Results from RecoverMI will be published in a peer-reviewed publication and be used to inform a multisite trial.Trial registration numberNCT02613728; Pre-results.
Gait outcomes of older adults receiving subacute hospital rehabilitation following orthopaedic trauma: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Mathew Saira A , Varghese Paul , Kuys Suzanne S , Heesch Kristiann C , McPhail Steven M 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe gait speed at admission and discharge from inpatient hospital rehabilitation among older adults recovering from orthopaedic trauma and factors associated with gait speed performance and discharge destination.DesignA longitudinal cohort study was conducted.SettingAustralian tertiary hospital subacute rehabilitation wards.ParticipantsPatients aged ≥60 years recovering from orthopaedic trauma (n=746, 71% female) were eligible for inclusion.InterventionsUsual care (multidisciplinary inpatient hospital rehabilitation).Primary and secondary outcome measuresGait speed was assessed using the timed 10 m walk test. The proportion of patients exceeding a minimum gait speed threshold indicator (a priori 0.8 m/s) of community ambulation ability was calculated. Generalised linear models were used to examine associations between patient and clinical factors with gait speed performance and being discharged to a residential aged care facility.ResultsAt discharge, 18% of patients (n=135) exceeded the 0.8 m/s threshold indicator for community ambulation ability. Faster gait speed at discharge was found to be associated with being male (B=0.44, 95% CI −0.01 to 0.88), admitted with pelvic (B=0.76, 95% CI 0.15 to 1.38) or multiple fractures (B=1.13, 95% CI 0.25 to 2.02) (vs hip fracture), using no mobility aids (B=−0.94, 95% CI −1.89 to 0.01) and walking at a faster gait speed at admission (B=5.77, 95% CI 5.04 to 6.51). Factors associated with being discharged to residential aged care included older age (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.11), longer length of stay (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03), having an upper limb fracture (vs hip fracture) (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.32 to 5.94) and lower Functional Independence Measure cognitive score (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.93).ConclusionsPatients with a range of injury types, not only those presenting to hospital with hip fractures, are being discharged with slow gait speeds that are indicative of limited functional mobility and a high risk of further adverse health events.
Risk of sarcoidosis and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis from occupational silica exposure in Swedish iron foundries: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Vihlborg Per , Bryngelsson Ing-Liss , Andersson Lena , Graff Pål 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo study the impact of occupational silica exposure on the incidence rates of sarcoidosis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a cohort of exposed workers in Swedish iron foundries.DesignThe prevalence of sarcoidosis and RA in a cohort of silica exposed workers was compared with the prevalence in the general Swedish population in this register study. A mixed model was used to calculate silica exposure, and individual silica exposures were used to compute dose responses.SettingPersonnel records from 10 iron foundries were used to identify workers whose employment began before 2005 which was then linked to the national non-primary outpatient visits register.ParticipantsThe final cohort consisted of 2187 silica-exposed male workers who had been employed for at least 1 year and were still alive without having emigrated when the follow-up study began. The cohort’s employment period covers 23 807 person-years at risk.Main outcomeThe presented results indicate that moderate to high levels of silica exposure increase risks for sarcoidosis and seropositive RA.ResultsMean levels of airborne silica dust in the foundries decreased significantly between the 1970s and 2000s. Incidence rates of sarcoidosis (3.94; 95% CI 1.07 to 10.08) and seropositive RA (2.59; 95% CI 1.24 to 4.76) were significantly higher among highly exposed individuals.ConclusionOur results reveal increased risks for sarcoidosis and seropositive RA among individuals with high exposure to silica dust (>0.048 mg/m3) compared with non-exposed and less-exposed groups.
Comparative safety of antiepileptic drugs for neurological development in children exposed during pregnancy and breast feeding: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Veroniki Areti Angeliki , Rios Patricia , Cogo Elise , Straus Sharon E , Finkelstein Yaron , Kealey Ryan , Reynen Emily , Soobiah Charlene , Thavorn Kednapa , Hutton Brian , Hemmelgarn Brenda R , Yazdi Fatemeh , D'Souza Jennifer , MacDonald Heather , Tricco Andrea C 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesCompare the safety of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on neurodevelopment of infants/children exposed in utero or during breast feeding.Design and settingSystematic review and Bayesian random-effects network meta-analysis (NMA). MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched until 27 April 2017. Screening, data abstraction and quality appraisal were completed in duplicate by independent reviewers.Participants29 cohort studies including 5100 infants/children.InterventionsMonotherapy and polytherapy AEDs including first-generation (carbamazepine, clobazam, clonazepam, ethosuximide, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, valproate) and newer-generation (gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, vigabatrin) AEDs. Epileptic women who did not receive AEDs during pregnancy or breast feeding served as the control group.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCognitive developmental delay and autism/dyspraxia were primary outcomes. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, language delay, neonatal seizures, psychomotor developmental delay and social impairment were secondary outcomes.ResultsThe NMA on cognitive developmental delay (11 cohort studies, 933 children, 18 treatments) suggested that among all AEDs only valproate was statistically significantly associated with more children experiencing cognitive developmental delay compared with control (OR=7.40, 95% credible interval (CrI) 3.00 to 18.46). The NMA on autism (5 cohort studies, 2551 children, 12 treatments) suggested that oxcarbazepine (OR 13.51, CrI 1.28 to 221.40), valproate (OR 17.29, 95% CrI 2.40 to 217.60), lamotrigine (OR 8.88, CrI 1.28 to 112.00) and lamotrigine+valproate (OR 132.70, CrI 7.41 to 3851.00) were associated with significantly greater odds of developing autism compared with control. The NMA on psychomotor developmental delay (11 cohort studies, 1145 children, 18 treatments) found that valproate (OR 4.16, CrI 2.04 to 8.75) and carbamazepine+phenobarbital+valproate (OR 19.12, CrI 1.49 to 337.50) were associated with significantly greater odds of psychomotor delay compared with control.ConclusionsValproate alone or combined with another AED is associated with the greatest odds of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes compared with control. Oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine were associated with increased occurrence of autism. Counselling is advised for women considering pregnancy to tailor the safest regimen.Trial registration numberPROSPERO database (CRD42014008925).
Evaluation by various methods of the physiological mechanism of a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in healthy volunteers
Authors: Okuda Miyuki , Tanaka Nobuya , Naito Kazuyuki , Kumada Takao , Fukuda Koji , Kato Yuto , Kido Yuto , Okuda Yutaro , Nohara Ryuji 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionSeveral reports have described the usefulness of a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). However, the physiological mechanisms of this system are unclear. In the current study, various methods were used to investigate the physiological mechanisms of an HFNC in healthy volunteers.MethodsThe physiological mechanisms of the constant-flow and constant-pressure models of HFNC were studied in 10 healthy volunteers by the oesophageal balloon method, the electrical impedance method and the forced oscillation technique (FOT).ResultsThe tidal volume (TV) increased markedly during HFNC (off, 30 L/min, 50 L/min: 685.6±236.5 mL, 929.8±434.7 mL, 968.8±451.1 mL). The end-inspiratory oesophageal pressure (EIOP) was not significantly different, but there was a tendency for it to decrease. HFNC 30 L/min and 50 L/min, the increment in TV and the difference in EIOP showed strong negative correlations (p=0.0025, 0.003). The end-expiratory oesophageal pressure (EEOP) increased. The respiratory system reactance at 5 Hz (X5) by FOT decreased significantly. There was a flow rate-dependent EEOP increase, and the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) effect of HFNC was confirmed. There was a correlation between the difference in X5 and the difference in EEOP during HFNC 30 L/min and 50 L/min, with correlation coefficients of 0.534 and 0.404 (p=0.112, 0.281). The amount of change in EEOP and the fluctuation in X5 were positively correlated.ConclusionsThe PEEP effect of HFNC was confirmed by the electrical impedance method and FOT. The increment in TV and the difference in EIOP of HFNC showed strong negative correlations.
A national quitline service and its promotion in the mass media: modelling the health gain, health equity and cost–utility
Authors: Nghiem Nhung , Cleghorn Christine L , Leung William , Nair Nisha , Deen Frederieke S van der , Blakely Tony , Wilson Nick 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundMass media campaigns and quitlines are both important distinct components of tobacco control programmes around the world. But when used as an integrated package, the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness are not well described. We therefore aimed to estimate the health gain, health equity impacts and cost–utility of the package of a national quitline service and its promotion in the mass media.MethodsWe adapted an established Markov and multistate life-table macro-simulation model. The population was all New Zealand adults in 2011. Effect sizes and intervention costs were based on past New Zealand quitline data. Health system costs were from a national data set linking individual health events to costs.ResultsThe 1-year operation of the existing intervention package of mass media promotion and quitline service was found to be net cost saving to the health sector for all age groups, sexes and ethnic groups (saving $NZ84 million; 95%uncertainty interval 60–115 million in the base-case model). It also produced greater per capita health gains for Māori (indigenous) than non-Māori (2.2 vs 0.73 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) per 1000 population, respectively). The net cost saving of the intervention was maintained in all sensitivity and scenario analyses for example at a discount rate of 6% and when the intervention effect size was quartered (given the possibility of residual confounding in our estimates of smoking cessation). Running the intervention for 20 years would generate an estimated 54 000 QALYs and $NZ1.10 billion (US$0.74 billion) in cost savings.ConclusionsThe package of a quitline service and its promotion in the mass media appears to be an effective means to generate health gain, address health inequalities and save health system costs. Nevertheless, the role of this intervention needs to be compared with other tobacco control and health sector interventions, some of which may be even more cost saving.
Convolutional neural networks on surfaces via seamless toric covers
Authors: Maron Haggai , Galun Meirav , Aigerman Noam , Trope Miri , Dym Nadav , Yumer Ersin , Kim Vladimir G. , Lipman Yaron 
Published: July 2017

The recent success of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for image processing tasks is inspiring research efforts attempting to achieve similar success for geometric tasks. One of the main challenges in applying CNNs to surfaces is defining a natural convolution operator on surfaces.
In this paper we present a method for applying deep learning to sphere-type shapes using a global seamless parameterization to a planar flat-torus, for which the convolution operator is well defined. As a result, the standard deep learning framework can be readily applied for learning semantic, high-level properties of the shape. An indication of our success in bridging the gap between images and surfaces is the fact that our algorithm succeeds in learning semantic information from an input of raw low-dimensional feature vectors.
We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach by presenting two applications: human body segmentation, and automatic landmark detection on anatomical surfaces. We show that our algorithm compares favorably with competing geometric deep-learning algorithms for segmentation tasks, and is able to produce meaningful correspondences on anatomical surfaces where hand-crafted features are bound to fail.
Audio-driven facial animation by joint end-to-end learning of pose and emotion
Authors: Karras Tero , Aila Timo , Laine Samuli , Herva Antti , Lehtinen Jaakko 
Published: July 2017

We present a machine learning technique for driving 3D facial animation by audio input in real time and with low latency. Our deep neural network learns a mapping from input waveforms to the 3D vertex coordinates of a face model, and simultaneously discovers a compact, latent code that disambiguates the variations in facial expression that cannot be explained by the audio alone. During inference, the latent code can be used as an intuitive control for the emotional state of the face puppet.
We train our network with 3--5 minutes of high-quality animation data obtained using traditional, vision-based performance capture methods. Even though our primary goal is to model the speaking style of a single actor, our model yields reasonable results even when driven with audio from other speakers with different gender, accent, or language, as we demonstrate with a user study. The results are applicable to in-game dialogue, low-cost localization, virtual reality avatars, and telepresence.
A Hypoxia-Independent Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Activation Pathway Induced by Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase/Akt in HER2 Overexpressing Cells
Authors: Li Yan M. , Zhou Binhua P. , Deng Jiong , Pan Yong , Hay Nissim , Hung Mien-Chie 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
HER2 overexpression, a known prognostic factor in many human cancers, can activate phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K)/Akt pathways and plays an important role in mediating cell survival and tumor development. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) promote angiogenesis and energy metabolism and thereby enhance tumor growth and metastasis. HIFs, composed of α and β subunits, are activated in most human cancers, including those that overexpress HER2. Previous reports have suggested that increased PI-3K/Akt or decreased PTEN activity may activate the HIF pathway in various tumors, but the detailed mechanism is still not completely understood. Here we reported an interaction between the HIF and PI-3K/Akt pathways in HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. Our results indicate that HER2 overexpression, which results in constitutively active Akt, turns on HIF-1α independently of hypoxia, and this activation is weaker than that under hypoxic condition. Further investigation showed that Akt is required for the hypoxia-independent HIF activity. The PI-3K/Akt pathway did not affect the HIF-1α binding with its E3 ligase von Hippel-Lindau but enhanced the binding affinity between the HIF-1 α and β subunits. Furthermore, we found that Akt interacts with HIF-1β and regulates HIF activity. Our results indicated that HER2 can induce HIF activation via the activation of Akt suggesting that activation of HER2/Akt pathway may promote angiogenesis independent of hypoxia, which may have important implications for the oncogenic activity of HER2 and Akt.
DNA Vaccine Expressing the Mimotope of GD2 Ganglioside Induces Protective GD2 Cross-reactive Antibody Responses
Authors: Bolesta Elizabeth , Kowalczyk Aleksandra , Wierzbicki Andrzej , Rotkiewicz Piotr , Bambach Barbara , Tsao Chun-Yen , Horwacik Irena , Kolinski Andrzej , Rokita Hanna , Brecher Martin , Wang Xinhui , Ferrone Soldano , Kozbor Danuta 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe GD2 ganglioside expressed on neuroectodermally derived tumors, including neuroblastoma and melanoma, is weakly immunogenic in tumor-bearing patients and induces predominantly immunoglobulin (Ig)-M antibody responses in the immunized host. Here, we investigated whether interconversion of GD2 into a peptide mimetic form would induce GD2 cross-reactive IgG antibody responses in mice. Screening of the X15 phage display peptide library with the anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 14G2a led to isolation of mimetic peptide 47, which inhibited the binding of 14G2a antibody to GD2-positive tumor cells. The peptide was also recognized by GD2-specific serum antibodies from a patient with neuroblastoma, suggesting that it bears an internal image of GD2 ganglioside expressed on the tumor cells. The molecular basis for antigenicity of the GD2 mimetic peptide, established by molecular modeling and mutagenesis studies, led to the generation of a 47-LDA mutant with an increased mimicry to GD2. Immunization of mice with peptide 47-LDA–encoded plasmid DNA elicited GD2 cross-reactive IgG antibody responses, which were increased on subsequent boost with GD2 ganglioside. The vaccine-induced antibodies recognized GD2-positive tumor cells, mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and exhibited protection against s.c. human GD2-positive melanoma growth in the severe combined immunodeficient mouse xenograft model. The results from our studies provide insights into approaches for boosting GD2 cross-reactive IgG antibody responses by minigene vaccination with a protective epitope of GD2 ganglioside.
SV40 Enhances the Risk of Malignant Mesothelioma among People Exposed to Asbestos: A Molecular Epidemiologic Case-Control Study
Authors: Cristaudo Alfonso , Foddis Rudy , Vivaldi Agnese , Buselli Rodolfo , Gattini Vittorio , Guglielmi Giovanni , Cosentino Francesca , Ottenga Franco , Ciancia Eugenio , Libener Roberta , Filiberti Rosangela , Neri Monica , Betta PierGiacomo , Tognon Mauro , Mutti Luciano , Puntoni Riccardo 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We conducted a case-control study on asbestos exposure and presence of SV40 in tumor samples of malignant mesotheliomas (MMs) and bladder urotheliomas (BUs). PCR analysis revealed the presence of SV40 DNA (SV40+) in eight (42.1%) MMs and 6 (33.3%) BUs. The odds ratio for MM Asb− and SV40+ was 0.4 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.03-4.0], for Asb+ and SV40− was 3.6 (95% CI, 0.6-21.0), and for Asb+ and SV40+ was 12.6 (95% CI, 1.2-133.9). Our results suggest that SV40 increases the risk of MM among individuals exposed to asbestos.