bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future Warfare in the Western Pacific: Chinese Antiaccess/Area Denial, U.S. AirSea Battle, and Command of the Commons in East Asia
Authors: Biddle Stephen , Oelrich Ivan 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Many analysts worry that improvements in Chinese missile, sensor, guidance, and other technologies will enable China to deny the U.S. military access to parts of the Western Pacific that the United States has long controlled. Although these “antiaccess, area denial” (A2/AD) capabilities are real, they are a geographically limited long-term threat. As both the United States and China deploy A2/AD capabilities, a new era will emerge in which the U.S. military no longer enjoys today's command of the global commons, but is still able to deny China military hegemony in the Western Pacific. In this new era, the United States will possess a sphere of influence around allied landmasses; China will maintain a sphere of influence over its own mainland; and a contested battlespace will cover much of the South and East China Seas wherein neither power enjoys wartime freedom of surface or air movement. This in turn suggests that the Chinese A2/AD threat to U.S. allies is real but more limited than often supposed. With astute U.S. choices, most U.S. allies in this new system will be imperfectly, but substantially, secure.
Influence of the Heel-to-Toe Drop of Standard Cushioned Running Shoes on Injury Risk in Leisure-Time Runners
Authors: Malisoux Laurent , Chambon Nicolas , Urhausen Axel , Theisen Daniel 
Published: August 2016

Background: Modern running shoes are available in a wide range of heel-to-toe drops (ie, the height difference between the forward and rear parts of the inside of the shoe). While shoe drop has been shown to influence strike pattern, its effect on injury risk has never been investigated. Therefore, the reasons for such variety in this parameter are unclear. Purpose: The first aim of this study was to determine whether the drop of standard cushioned running shoes influences running injury risk. The secondary aim was to investigate whether recent running regularity modifies the relationship between shoe drop and injury risk. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Leisure-time runners (N = 553) were observed for 6 months after having received a pair of shoes with a heel-to-toe drop of 10 mm (D10), 6 mm (D6), or 0 mm (D0). All participants reported their running activities and injuries (time-loss definition, at least 1 day) in an electronic system. Cox regression analyses were used to compare injury risk between the 3 groups based on hazard rate ratios (HRs) and their 95% CIs. A stratified analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of shoe drop in occasional runners (<6 months of weekly practice over the previous 12 months) versus regular runners (≥6 months). Results: The overall injury risk was not different among the participants who had received the D6 (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.86-1.98) or D0 (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.76-1.80) versions compared with the D10 shoes. After stratification according to running regularity, low-drop shoes (D6 and D0) were found to be associated with a lower injury risk in occasional runners (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.23-0.98), whereas these shoes were associated with a higher injury risk in regular runners (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.07-2.62). Conclusion: Overall, injury risk was not modified by the drop of standard cushioned running shoes. However, low-drop shoes could be more hazardous for regular runners, while these shoes seem to be preferable for occasional runners to limit injury risk.
Melatonin decreases brain apoptosis, oxidative stress, and CD200 expression and increased survival rate in mice infected by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
Authors: Montiel Milagros , Bonilla Ernesto , Valero Nereida , Mosquera Jesús , Espina Luz M , Quiroz Yasmir , Álvarez-Mon Melchor 
Published: August 2016

Background Pro-inflammatory and oxidative events during brain Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection could lead to apoptosis and induce anti-inflammatory responses (increased expression of CD200). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of melatonin on brain apoptosis, oxidative stress, and CD200 molecule in mice and neuroblastoma cultures infected by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Methods Mice were infected with 10 median lethal doses (LD50) of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, treated with melatonin (500 µg/kg bw; three days before infection and during all experimental time) and sacrificed on days 1, 3, and 5 postinfection. Brain samples were obtained at those periods of time. In addition, infected neuroblastoma cell cultures (multiplicity of infection [MOI]: 1) were treated with 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM of melatonin and analyzed at 2, 4, and 6 h. CD200 and apoptosis expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay, respectively. Nitrites and malondialdehyde were determined by appropriate biochemical methods. Results Increased brain expression of apoptosis, nitrite, and malondialdehyde productions and CD200 of infected mice were found. Melatonin diminished those expressions. Similarly, high apoptosis expression and nitrite and malondialdehyde productions on infected neuroblastoma cultures were diminished by melatonin. Melatonin increased the survival rate (25%) in Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-infected animals compared with untreated infected mice (0%). Conclusions Neurological damage during brain Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection could be mediated by apoptosis and oxidative stress and CD200 molecule could be an important anti-inflammatory response. Melatonin could be beneficial reducing apoptosis and oxidative stress.
Imaging of Intracranial Pressure Disorders
Authors: Holbrook John , Saindane Amit M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure inside the bony calvarium and can be affected by a variety of processes, such as intracranial masses and edema, obstruction or leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, and obstruction of venous outflow. This review focuses on the imaging of 2 important but less well understood ICP disorders: idiopathic intracranial hypertension and spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Both of these ICP disorders have salient imaging findings that are important to recognize to help prevent their misdiagnosis from other common neurological disorders.
Pre-NELA vs NELA – has anything changed, or is it just an audit exercise?
Authors: Mak M , Hakeem AR , Chitre V 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND Following evidence suggestive of high mortality following emergency laparotomies, the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) was set up, highlighting key standards in emergency service provision. Our aim was to compare our NHS trust’s adherence to these recommendations immediately prior to, and following, the launch of NELA, and to compare patient outcome. METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent an emergency laparotomy over the course of 6 months – 3 months either side of the initiation of NELA. RESULTS There were 44 patients before the initiation of NELA (pre-NELA, PN group) and 55 in the first 3 months of NELA (N group). We saw a significant increase in the proportion of patients whose decision to operate was made by the consultant: 75.0% in the PN group vs 100% in N group (subsequent data presented in this order) (P < 0.001). The presence of a consultant surgeon (75.0% vs 83.6%, P = 0.321) and anaesthetist (100.0% vs 90.9%, P = 0.064) in theatres were comparable in both groups. Risk stratification based on Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity (P-POSSUM) score showed no difference in high-risk patients in both groups (47.7% vs 36.4%, P = 0.306). With the NELA initiative, however, significantly more patients were admitted directly from theatres to the critical care unit, when compared with the pre-NELA period (9.1% vs 27.3%, P = 0.038). This also reflected a significant reduction in unexpected escalation to a higher level of care during this period (10.0% vs 0%, P = 0.036). Significantly more patients had uneventful recovery in the NELA period (52.3 vs 76.4%, P = 0.018), although there was no difference in 30-day mortality between the groups (2.3% vs 7.3%, P = 0.378). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated a greater degree of consultant involvement in the decision to operate during NELA. More high-risk patients have been identified preoperatively with diligent risk assessment and, hence, have been proactively admitted to critical care units following laparotomy, which may account for the significant reduction in unexpected escalation to level 2 or level 3 care and thus in overall better patient outcomes.
The right colic artery: An anatomical demonstration and its relevance in the laparoscopic era
Authors: Haywood M , Molyneux C , Mahadevan V , Lloyd J , Srinivasaiah N 
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION Hemicolectomies are not tailored in right-sided colon cancer resections, despite significant variation in the incidence and origin of the right colic artery (RCA). Early evidence suggests that removal of the relevant lymphovascular package and associated cancer as part of complete mesocolic excision (CME), rather than the entire right colon, may produce better outcomes. Advancing laparoscopic techniques are making this possible, and so it is increasingly important to more precisely define the anatomy of the RCA. METHODS To demonstrate the incidence and variation of the RCA, 25 formalin embalmed cadavers were dissected. Consent to dissection and photography was obtained under Human Tissue Act regulations. RESULTS Eleven female and 14 male cadavers (mean age 79.7 years, range 41–95 years) were included. The RCA originated from the right branch of the middle colic artery in nine cadavers (36%), while it arose from the superior mesenteric artery in eight cases (32%) and from the ileocolic or root of the middle colic artery in a smaller number of specimens. The RCA was absent in two individuals. CONCLUSIONS The RCA arises from the right branch of the middle colic artery in a considerable number of cases. The literature to date does not reflect the precision of anatomical understanding required for CME; hence, a new definition for the right colic vessel is proposed.
Still ‘Desperately seeking the audience’? Audience making in the age of media convergence (the Lilyhammer experience)
Authors: Sundet Vilde Schanke 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The present article addresses ‘audience making’ in the age of media convergence, when television drama is increasingly produced for both a national and an international audience to be consumed in either linear ‘flow’ or on-demand user modes. It asks about the ways in which key industry executives producing and commissioning television drama envision its audience, as well as the degree to which new production and distribution models impact industry notions of ‘the audience’. In order to address these questions, the article analyses the production and distribution of Lilyhammer, a successful television drama produced by the production company Rubicon TV for the Norwegian public service broadcaster NRK, in collaboration with the American streaming service Netflix. The article argues that how the television industry wants to see its audience influences how it actually sees it, which, again, impacts both the production of television drama as well as the industry’s evaluation of ‘success’ for this genre.
Invisibilidad y desobediencia civil
Authors: Torres de Huertas Germán 
Published: August 2016

La instalación "Invisibilidad y Desobediencia Civil" investiga el concepto de invisibilidad, en relación con el pensamiento francés antiocularcentrista. Se trata de un sistema de lentes ópticas alienadas en paraxial, que practica la invisibilidad física sobre video proyecciones. El trabajo es una representación material, del efecto que la presencia o ausencia de la imagen puede ejercer en la construcción de nuestros imaginarios. Cuestión que ha ocupado la preocupación epistemológica sobre la supremacía de la visión en la tradición científica, y en los métodos históricamente usados para acceder al conocimiento experimental. La importancia que implica la invisibilización de determinadas imágenes, por el medio que sea, estriba en que define nuestras posiciones tanto en esa búsqueda del conocimiento, como en la configuración política de la sociedad, en el más amplio sentido. Palabras-clave: INVISIBILIDAD; ÓPTICA; PARAXIAL; ANTIOCULARCENTRISMO; PROYECCIÓN Invisibility and civil desobedience AbstractThe installation "Invisibility and Civil Desobedience" explores invisibility concept, in reference to the antiocularcentrism philosophical thoght currents. over video proyection, using optical lenses aligned in paraxial. It's a system of optical lenses aligned in paraxial, which practices fisical invisibility on video projections. The work is a symbolic materialization of the effect that can exert the image and its possible invisibility over construction of our imaginaries and over the way of forming experiences and knowledge. A question that has occupied the epistemological concerns about the supremacy of vision on the scientific tradition and methods of access to experiental knowledge. The importance that imply to make invisibility some images, by whatever means, it's that defines our particular way in the pursuit of knowledge, as well as in the political configuration of the society, in the broadest sense of that word. Keywords: INVISIBILITY; OPTIC; PARAXIAL; ANTIOCULARCENTRISMO; PROJECTION
Conectando energía sonora y visualidad
Authors: Aymerich Goyanes Guillermo 
Published: August 2016

Conexión pintura y música construyendo una serie de cuadros sonoros, implicando literatura, performance, danza y robótica en clave transdisciplinar e inmersa en un contexto pseudo-metropolitano. Partiendo del poema Bā yīn “Ocho sonidos” contenido en la joya literaria Sanzijing, “El Libro de los Tres Caracteres” (Dinastía Song del Sur), que encarna el ideal neo-Confucionismo aunando educación, moral y filosofía. Cualquier aspecto en la cultura china no es un fenómeno aislado, sino parte contextual referida a aspectos vitales: emergen peculiares sistemas cosmogónicos. Experiencias visuales y sonoras en un resultado mixto usando conceptos chinos presentados con soluciones Occidentales en mutua simbiosis. Se crea un sistema bā yīn careando música y pintura mientras surgen, desarrollan, desenvuelven y muestran al unísono. Vinculantes pero siguiendo una maniobra de recíproca anulación que alude a la energía del eterno ciclo vital. Tecnología y cultura presentadas bajo 4 formatos audiovisuales y 8 formatos meramente visuales.Palabras-clave: PINTURA/MÚSICA; PINTURAS SONORAS; TRANSDISCIPLINIDAD; BALLET ROBOTS; ARDUINO; CHINA VS OCCIDENTE Connecting sound energy and visualityAbstractConnecting painting and music building a series of sonorous-paintings. Involving literature, performance, dance and robotics, also, in a transdisciplinary way and within a pseudo-metropolitan environment. Based on the poem Bā yīn “Eight sounds”, part of the literary gem The Sanzijing, The Three-Character Classic (Southern Song Dynasty), which embodies the neo-Confucian ideal of uniting education, moral and philosophy. Any aspect in Chinese culture isn´t an isolated phenomenon but rather a contextual part related to diverse aspects of life: emerging special kind of cosmogonist systems. Visual and sound experiences as a mixed result by using different Chinese concepts, but presented alongside Western solutions in symbiosis. The project makes a system just taking those approaches to face music and painting, each other, while both of them emerge, develop, demonstrate and perform in unison, in a parallel and mutually binding manner. Linked but following a mutual destruction which summon the energy of an eternal vital circle. Technology and culture are showed under 4 audiovisual formats and 8 strictly visual formats, as well.Keywords: PAINTING/MUSIC; SONOROUS PAINTINGS; SOUND ART; ROBOTICS BALLET; ARDUINO; CHINA VS OCCIDENTE
DataScape: Cartógrafos aficionados y comunidades digitales
Authors: Montalvo Gallego Blanca 
Published: August 2016

Los mapas nos fascinan porque cuentan historias. Las corrientes bottom up facilitan la multiplicidad de narradores, y la creación de comunidades que fomentan el intercambio y reafirman la autoridad de los esfuerzos individuales al margen de la institución y las grandes compañías. Frente a los mapas que han definido el mundo durante décadas, ahora cada uno somos el centro de nuestros paisajes cartográficos: todas las distancias se miden desde el punto en el que nos encontramos, y a partir de ahí el todo se reorganiza y cambia de escala. Esta situación promueve un nuevo paisaje tecnológico, en ocasiones mediante la reivindicación de territorios o la visualización de datos, que hablan más del que mira que del objeto contemplado.Palabras clave: PAISAJE; LUGAR; MAPAS; ARTE; CARTOGRAFÍA Datascape: Amateur cartographers and digital communitiesAbstractThe maps tells us stories that fascinate us. The bottom up currents facilitate the existance of multiple narrators, and the creation of communities that foster exchanges and reaffirm the authority of individual efforts outside the institution and large companies. The maps have defined the world for decades, but now each of us are the center of our cartographic landscape: the distances are measured from the point where we are, and from there the whole reorganizes and changes of scale. This situation promotes a new technological landscap, sometimes by reclaiming territories or data visualization, speaking more of the beholder that the object contemplated.Keywords: LANDSCAPE; PLACE; MAPS; ART; CARTOGRAPHY
Simulación de la protesta sociopolítica
Authors: Gil Zapirain Oier 
Published: August 2016

Este artículo plantea un análisis de Protest-$1 como proyecto artístico-tecnológico multiusuario, interactivo y relacional que permite al usuario un acercamiento cognitivo a la protesta sociopolítica, siendo parte de una manifestación simulada en contra de los bombardeos de Israel sobre Palestina. La instalación se compone de una proyección frontal, dos altavoces y tres dispositivos compuestos de un megáfono y un smartphone, cada uno. El interactor elige las acciones que desea hacer acontecer en el evento de protesta pulsando los botones de la pantalla táctil del teléfono móvil y posteriormente, agita el megáfono con el fin de materializar en la manifestación, mediante el esfuerzo, la acción escogida. A su vez, Protesta-$1 permite a los usuarios luchar para evitar que otro usuario consiga sacar adelante la acción de protesta elegida creando un marco en el que el querer de la mayoría somete siempre a la minoría. Los altavoces emiten la voz de los medios de comunicación que relatan la protesta en forma de noticiario y a tiempo real, permitiendo a los interactores articular la protesta siendo conscientes de la imagen global que se está emitiendo.Palabras clave: INTERACCIÓN MULTIUSUARIO; ARTICULACIÓN; PROTESTA SOCIOPOLÍTICA; MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN; CONECTIVIDAD Simulating socio-political protestAbstractThis paper presents an analysis of Protest-$1: an artistic-technological, multi-user, interactive, relational project that provides the user with a cognitive approach to the socio-political protest by being part of a simulated demonstration against the Israeli bombing of Palestine. The installation comprises a front projection screen, two loudspeakers and three devices each consisting of a megaphone and a smartphone. The person who is interacting selects the actions that he/she wants to make happen during the protest event by pressing the buttons on the touch screen of a mobile phone and then shaking a megaphone so that, through this effort, the chosen action can be implemented in the demonstration. Likewise, by creating a framework in which the wishes of the majority always prevail over those of the minority, Protest-$1 allows the users to fight and thus prevent another user from managing to implement their own chosen protest action. The loudspeakers broadcast the voice of the mass media reporting on the protest in the form of a news bulletin and in real time, thus allowing those interacting to articulate the protest while remaining aware of the global image that is being broadcast.Keywords: INTERACTION; MULTI-USER; ARTICULATION; SOCIO-POLITICAL PROTEST; MASS MEDIA; CONNECTIVITY
Eine Normalform für eine spezielle Klasse flacher nichtlinearer zeitdiskreter Mehrgrößensysteme
Authors: Kolar Bernd , Schöberl Markus , Schlacher Kurt 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag stellen wir ein konstruktives Verfahren zur Berechnung flacher Ausgänge nichtlinearer zeitdiskreter
Mehrgrößensysteme vor. Dieses Verfahren basiert auf einer koordinatenunabhängigen geometrischen
Systemdarstellung und einer strukturell flachen Normalform, die sich durch eine dreiecksförmige Abhängigkeit der
Systemgleichungen von den Systemvariablen auszeichnet und die es gestattet, einen flachen Ausgang direkt abzulesen. Wir
zeigen ein konstruktives Verfahren, mit dem das System schrittweise auf diese strukturell flache Dreiecksform
transformiert wird. Gelingt die Transformation auf Dreiecksform, dann ist damit die Flachheit des Systems nachgewiesen, im
Falle eines Scheiterns des Verfahrens ist hingegen im Allgemeinen keine Aussage über die Nicht-Flachheit des Systems
möglich. Das Verfahren wird anhand von Beispielen veranschaulicht.
Verkopplungsbasierte Synchronisierung agentenbasierter dynamischer Systeme
Authors: Strubel Jan , Konigorski Ulrich 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beschreibt einen neuen, verkopplungsbasierten Zugang zur Synchronisierung heterogener agentenbasierter
Systeme. Der Ansatz basiert auf der Idee, durch eine unterlagerte Rückführung die Agenten asymptotisch bezüglich des
Netzwerks zu homogenisieren. Dies ermöglicht es, die Synchronisierung des Gesamtsystems auf bekannte Methoden zur
Synchronisierung homogener Agenten zurückzuführen. Als Vorteil des Ansatzes ergibt sich zudem, dass zur Synchronisierung
lediglich Ausgangsinformation über das Netzwerk kommuniziert werden muss und damit ein minimaler Kommunikationsaufwand
entsteht. Das Vorgehen wird anhand eines numerischen Simulationsbeispiels veranschaulicht.
Simulation von Welleneffekten in Pumpspeicherkraftwerken mit Hilfe der Spektral-Element-Methode
Authors: Mennemann Jan-Frederik , Schmidt Jakob , Kemmetmüller Wolfgang , Kugi Andreas 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung
Der Entwurf neuer Regelungsstrategien zum optimalen dynamischen Betrieb von Pumpspeicherkraftwerken erfordert ein
möglichst echtzeitfähiges Modell zur Beschreibung von Druck- und Volumenstromschwankungen in den
Druckrohrleitungen. Klassische Ansätze, wie die Methode der Charakteristiken führen auf hochdimensionale Systeme finiter
Differenzengleichungen. In diesem Beitrag werden die partiellen Differentialgleichungen mit Hilfe der
Spektral-Element-Methode diskretisiert. Dabei wird ein besonderes Augenmerk auf die Implementierung von Randbedingungen im
Sinne einer numerisch stabilen Upwind-Diskretisierung gelegt. Im Rahmen mehrerer Simulationen wird gezeigt, dass
unter realistischen Bedingungen die Systemordnung durch den Einsatz der Spektral-Element-Methode um mindestens eine
Größenordnung reduziert werden kann.