bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A knowledge management framework for effective integration of national archives resources in China
Authors: An Xiaomi , Bai Wenlin , Deng Hepu , Sun Shuyang , Zhong Wenrui , Dong Yu 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between different mechanisms for integrating national archival resources, leading to the development of a knowledge management-based framework for facilitating the optimal utilization of national archives resources in China.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a mixed-methods approach consisting of a review of existing mechanisms for integrating national archival resources and site visits and interviews for investigating the effectiveness of these mechanisms in real world practices for managing and utilizing national archives resources in China.FindingsThe knowledge management-based framework is shown to be useful for building interdependence, interconnections and interactions between diversified integration mechanisms to meet national, societal and public needs in China. The framework is significant for rearranging the role of knowledge management in collaboration to protect the value of national archives resources as the knowledge asset of a state. It can reengineer the knowledge management activities in communication to share the value of national archives resources as the knowledge asset of a society. Furthermore, the framework can reconfigure knowledge management artifacts in connectivity to increase the value of national archives resources as the knowledge asset of the public.Research limitations/implicationsThe review of the related literature is selective rather than comprehensive, and the interviews are based on a self-selected convenience sample, which is rather skewed demographically.Practical implicationsThe proposed framework can be used to guide the development of a national strategy for the effective integration of national archives resources to promote a better delivery of public-centric knowledge services in a specific society.Originality/valueThis study provides a knowledge management framework for the effective integration of national archives resources toward their optimal utilization. It contributes to the examination of the role of different integration mechanisms in interactive knowledge management processes and the advancement of academic debate on the effectiveness of these mechanisms for the integration of national archives resources to facilitate their optimal utilization in China.
The conceptual ecology of digital humanities
Authors: Poole Alex H. 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to dissect key issues and debates in digital humanities, an emerging field of theory and practice. Digital humanities stands greatly to impact the Information and Library Science (ILS) professions (and vice versa) as well as the traditional humanities disciplines.Design/methodology/approachThis paper explores the contours of digital humanities as a field, touching upon fundamental issues related to the field’s coalescence and thus to its structure and epistemology. It looks at the ways in which digital humanities brings new approaches and sheds new light on manifold humanities foci.FindingsDigital humanities work represents a vital new current of interdisciplinary, collaborative intellectual activity both in- and outside the academy; it merits particular attention from ILS.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper helps potential stakeholders understand the intellectual and practical framework of the digital humanities and “its relationship” to their own intellectual and professional work.Originality/valueThis paper critically synthesizes previous scholarly work in digital humanities. It has particular value for those in ILS, a community that has proven especially receptive to the field, as well as to scholars working in many humanities disciplines. Digital humanities has already made an important impact on both LIS and the humanities; its impact is sure to grow.
Experimentally reducing species abundance indirectly affects food web structure and robustness
Authors: Barbosa Milton , Fernandes G. Wilson , Lewis Owen T. , Morris Rebecca J. 
Published: December 2016

Summary

Studies on the robustness of ecological communities suggest that the loss or reduction in abundance of individual species can lead to secondary and cascading extinctions. However, most such studies have been simulation‐based analyses of the effect of primary extinction on food web structure.

In a field experiment we tested the direct and indirect effects of reducing the abundance of a common species, focusing on the diverse and self‐contained assemblage of arthropods associated with an abundant Brazilian shrub, Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C. (Asteraceae).

Over a 5‐month period we experimentally reduced the abundance of Baccharopelma dracunculifoliae (Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae), the commonest galling species associated with B. dracunculifolia, in 15 replicate plots paired with 15 control plots. We investigated direct effects of the manipulation on parasitoids attacking B. dracunculifoliae, as well as indirect effects (mediated via a third species or through the environment) on 10 other galler species and 50 associated parasitoid species.

The experimental manipulation significantly increased parasitism on B. dracunculifoliae in the treatment plots, but did not significantly alter either the species richness or abundance of other galler species. Compared to control plots, food webs in manipulated plots had significantly lower values of weighted connectance, interaction evenness and robustness (measured as simulated tolerance to secondary extinction), even when B. dracunculifoliae was excluded from calculations.

Parasitoid species were almost entirely specialized to individual galler species, so the observed effects of the manipulation on food web structure could not have propagated via the documented trophic links. Instead, they must have spread either through trophic links not included in the webs (e.g. shared predators) or non‐trophically (e.g. through changes in habitat availability). Our results highlight that the inclusion of both trophic and non‐trophic direct and indirect interactions is essential to understand the structure and dynamics of even apparently discrete ecological communities.
Magna Carta in its European Context
Authors: REYNOLDS SUSAN 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMost of the celebrations of Magna Carta in 2015 concentrated on it in a more or less exclusively English context. It is the argument of this article that the ideas of Englishmen about society, government and law were much the same as those of other Europeans at the time and that Magna Carta can best be understood in that wider context. Contemporary communities in other kingdoms were also securing charters of liberties. What distinguished Magna Carta was not the character of the liberties it granted, but its length and detail; these, however, reflected not different aspirations, but rather the particularly centralized and demanding character of English royal government.
Wavelet Analysis of Resultant Velocity Belonging to Genuine and Forged Signatures
Authors: Syed Ahmad Sharifah Mumtazah , Loo Ling Yim , Wan Adnan Wan Azizun , Md. Anwar Rina 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study presents a wavelet analysis of resultant velocity features belonging to genuine and forged groups of signature sample. Signatures of individuals were initially classified based on visual human perceptions of their relative sizes, complexities, and legibilities of the genuine counterparts. Then, the resultant velocity was extracted and modeled through wavelet analysis from each sample. The wavelet signal was decomposed into several layers based on maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT). Next, the zero crossing rate features were calculated from all the high wavelet sub‐bands. A total of seven hypotheses were then tested using a two‐way ANOVA testing methodology. Of these, four hypotheses were conducted to test for significance differences between distributions. In addition, three hypotheses were run to provide test for interaction between two factors of signature authentication versus perceived classification. The results demonstrated that both feature distributions belonging to genuine and forged groups of samples cannot be distinguished by themselves. Instead, they were significantly different under the influence of two other inherent factors, namely perceived size and legibility. Such new findings are useful information particularly in providing bases for forensic justifications in establishing the authenticity of handwritten signature specimens.
BASALIT trial: double‐blind placebo‐controlled allergen immunotherapy with rBet v 1‐FV in birch‐related soya allergy
Authors: Treudler R. , Franke A. , Schmiedeknecht A. , Ballmer‐Weber B. , Worm M. , Werfel T. , Jappe U. , Biedermann T. , Schmitt J. , Brehler R. , Kleinheinz A. , Kleine‐Tebbe J. , Brüning H. , Ruëff F. , Ring J. , Saloga J. , Schäkel K. , Holzhauser T. , Vieths S. , Simon J. C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundConflicting results exist on the effect of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) on pollen‐related food allergy. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of one‐year AIT with the folding variant (FV) of recombinant (r) Bet v 1 on birch‐related soya allergy.MethodsOf 138 subjects with Bet v 1 sensitization, 82 were positive at double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) with soya. A total of 56 of 82 were randomized in the ratio of 2:1 (active: placebo). Per‐protocol population (PPP) had received ≥150 μg of allergen or placebo preparation. Outcome measures: lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAEL), postinterventional occurrence of objective signs (objS) at any dose level, sIgE/IgG4 against Bet v 1 and Gly m 4. Between‐group changes were investigated (ancova, Mann–Whitney U‐test, Fisher exact test).ResultsBaseline characteristics including LOAELs were comparable in both groups with objS and subjS occurring in 82% and 95% of active (n = 38) vs 78% and 83% of placebo group (n = 18). After AIT, objS occurred in 24% and 47%, respectively. LOAEL group differences showed a beneficial tendency (P = 0.081) for LOAELobjective in PPP (30 active, 15 placebo). sIgG4 raised only in active group (Bet v 1: P = 0.054, Gly m 4: P = 0.037), and no relevant changes occurred for sIgE. Only 56% of the intended sample size was recruited.ConclusionFor the first time, we present data on the effect of rBet v 1‐FV on birch‐related soya allergy. rBet v 1‐FV AIT induced significant immunogenic effects. Clinical assessment showed a tendency in favour of the active group but did not reach statistical significance.
Frequent inundation helps counteract land use impacts on wetland propagule banks
Authors: Dawson Samantha K. , Kingsford Richard T. , Berney Peter , Keith David A. , Hemmings Frank A. , Warton David I. , Waters Cathy , Catford Jane A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractQuestionHow do contrasting influences of inundation and historical land uses affect restoration of soil propagule bank composition in floodplain wetlands?LocationNorthern Nature Reserve (large ephemeral floodplain), Macquarie Marshes, New South Wales, Australia.MethodsWe conducted germination assays on soil samples collected from fields with different land‐use histories, stratified along an inundation gradient. We used GLM to determine whether native and exotic species richness and abundance varied along gradients of inundation and land use.ResultsSpecies richness and plant abundance in soil propagule banks were positively related to inundation and negatively related to intense historic land use. The abundance of native species was significantly higher in more frequently inundated areas. Abundances of exotic and ruderal species were higher in areas of intense prior land use. Overall species richness was generally similar across land‐use histories.ConclusionsLand‐use legacies compromised the ability of propagule banks to rejuvenate native vegetation in this floodplain wetland, especially in less frequently flooded parts of the floodplain, which harboured more ruderal and exotic species. Negative effects of prior land use may be alleviated by increased inundation. Native soil propagule banks were remarkably intact, providing a reservoir for restoration of wetland vegetation, even in soils highly disturbed by up to 20 yr of agricultural cropping. With appropriate inundation, soil propagule banks in less degraded areas of the Macquarie Marshes can provide diverse mixtures of desired species in high abundance but, in highly degraded areas, full restoration may be delayed.
Response of understorey plant communities and traits to past land use and coniferous plantation
Authors: Bergès Laurent , Feiss Thomas , Avon Catherine , Martin Hilaire , Rochel Xavier , Dauffy‐Richard Emmanuelle , Cordonnier Thomas , Dupouey Jean‐Luc 
Published: December 2016

AbstractQuestionsHow did past land use and conifer plantation affect understorey plant communities? What plant traits explain understorey vegetation response to agricultural past land use and coniferous plantation?LocationForest of Orléans (50 000 ha), Loiret, north‐central France.MethodsCanopy cover, herb layer composition, litter and soil properties were measured in 80 100 m2 plots sampled in plantations of Pinus sylvestris or P. nigra vs natural regenerations of Quercus petraea and Q. robur along a gradient of forest continuity (using historical maps and aerial photos from 1840, 1949 and 2006). We related 15 plant traits to past land use and tree species using RLQ and fourth‐corner analyses.ResultsThe magnitude of past land use effect largely exceeded that of coniferous plantation. Post‐agricultural forests, even 150 yr after afforestation, differed from ancient forests in soil properties (thinner humus layer, higher P content, higher pH and lower C/N ratio) and plant traits. Ancient forests hosted more forest core species, stress‐tolerant, competitive species and bryophytes, but fewer ruderals, annuals/biennials, shrubs and trees and nutrient‐demanding species, and had lower SLA and higher LDMC. Conifer plantations had a thicker humus layer, lower pH and higher C/N ratio than deciduous forests, and hosted more light‐demanding species but less forest core species. Importantly, differences in soil and plant traits between conifer plantations and naturally regenerated deciduous stands were discernible in both recent and ancient forests, indicating that tree species lastingly influence ecosystem functioning.ConclusionsPast land use and coniferous plantation resulted in different understorey plant communities and traits under pine plantations and naturally regenerated oak stands. These differences were driven through soil acidification, litter decomposition rate, light conditions, canopy development, soil disturbance, stand management and dispersal and recruitment limitations. Coniferous plantations slowed down the recovery of post‐agricultural forests to ancient deciduous forest conditions. Applying natural regeneration and favouring native deciduous tree species thus helps recreate or maintain ancient forest plant communities.
Twenty years of change in riverside vegetation: what role have invasive alien plants played?
Authors: Pattison Zarah , Minderman Jeroen , Boon Philip J. , Willby Nigel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractQuestionWhich environmental factors influence the occurrence of invasive alien plants (IAPs) in riparian habitats, and how much can IAPs account for change in native vegetation compared with other environmental variables?LocationRivers distributed throughout mainland Britain.MethodsWe quantified change in river bank vegetation using survey data collected approximately 20 yr apart and assessed the contribution of major IAPs (Impatiens glandulifera, Heracleum mantegazzianum and Fallopia japonica) to these changes. We also determined the importance of abiotic factors such as flow regime and land use in driving these changes.ResultsComparing data from pre‐ and post‐1990 surveys revealed that IAPs occurred mainly on lowland rivers (<200 m a.s.l.), regardless of time period, and their probability of occurrence increased over time and with rising frequency of high flows. Native plant species diversity declined over time with increasing IAP cover, along lowland rivers and along all rivers that experienced extended low flows during the growing season. These conditions particularly favoured native dominant species, whereas native subordinate species responded both positively and negatively to increased flood frequency depending on survey period. Over time, Salix spp. and larger native hydrophilic species, such as Sparganium erectum, increased along lowland rivers, replacing smaller‐statured ruderal species and driving a shift towards increased shade tolerance of subcanopy and groundcover species. Smaller compositional changes occurred in the uplands and these changes lacked a clear environmental signature.ConclusionsNational‐scale changes in native riparian vegetation are likely driven primarily by environmental changes and land‐use effects, rather than invasion by IAPs. However, IAPs, and indeed native species that benefit from abiotic changes, in turn, likely exert secondary effects on native riparian vegetation. The trend towards reduced diversity, increased shade tolerance and increased dominance of some native species and IAPs is likely linked to a set of interacting factors, including drier summers, wetter winters, increased riparian tree cover, reduced livestock access to river banks and increased fine sediment input. Determining combined effects of land use, IAPs and climate‐related changes in flow regime over decadal time scales (i.e. ~20 yr) is important for predicting ecological responses of vulnerable habitats under future disturbance scenarios.
Outcomes from massive paracetamol overdose: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Marks Daniel J. B. , Dargan Paul I. , Archer John R. H. , Davies Charlotte L. , Dines Alison M. , Wood David M. , Greene Shaun L. 
Published: December 2016

LINKED ARTICLEThis article is commented on by Bateman DN and Dear JW. Should we treat very large paracetamol overdose differently? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83: 1163–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13279AimsTreatment of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose with acetylcysteine is standardized, with dose determined only by patient weight. The validity of this approach for massive overdoses has been questioned. We systematically compared outcomes in massive and non‐massive overdoses, to guide whether alternative treatment strategies should be considered, and whether the ratio between measured timed paracetamol concentrations (APAPpl) and treatment nomogram thresholds at those time points (APAPt) provides a useful assessment tool.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study of all patients (n = 545) between 2005 and 2013 admitted to a tertiary care toxicology service with acute non‐staggered paracetamol overdose. Massive overdoses were defined as extrapolated 4‐h plasma paracetamol concentrations >250 mg l−1, or reported ingestions ≥30 g. Outcomes (liver injury, coagulopathy and kidney injury) were assessed in relation to reported dose and APAPpl:APAPt ratio (based on a treatment line through 100 mg l−1 at 4 h), and time to acetylcysteine.ResultsIngestions of ≥30 g paracetamol correlated with higher peak serum aminotransferase (r = 0.212, P < 0.0001) and creatinine (r = 0.138, P = 0.002) concentrations. Acute liver injury, hepatotoxicity and coagulopathy were more frequent with APAPpl:APAPt ≥ 3 with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 9.19 (5.04–16.68), 35.95 (8.80–158.1) and 8.34 (4.43–15.84), respectively (P < 0.0001). Heightened risk persisted in patients receiving acetylcysteine within 8 h of overdose.ConclusionPatients presenting following massive paracetamol overdose are at higher risk of organ injury, even when acetylcysteine is administered early. Enhanced therapeutic strategies should be considered in those who have an APAPpl:APAPt ≥ 3. Novel biomarkers of incipient liver injury and abbreviated acetylcysteine regimens require validation in this patient cohort.
IL‐3 up‐regulates and activates human eosinophil CD32 and αMβ2 integrin causing degranulation
Authors: Esnault S. , Johansson M. W. , Kelly E. A. , Koenderman L. , Mosher D. F. , Jarjour N. N. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryBackgroundEosinophils contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including asthma. Treatment with antibodies targeting IL‐5 or IL‐5 receptor α reduces the frequency of asthma exacerbations. Eosinophil receptors for IL‐5 share a common ß‐chain with IL‐3 and GM‐CSF receptors. We recently reported that IL‐3 is more potent than IL‐5 or GM‐CSF in maintaining the ERK/p90S6K/RPS6 ribosome‐directed signaling pathway, leading to increased protein translation.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine disease‐relevant consequences of prolonged eosinophil stimulation with IL‐3.ResultsHuman blood eosinophils were used to establish the impact of activation with IL‐3 on IgG‐driven eosinophil degranulation. When compared to IL‐5, continuing exposure to IL‐3 further induced degranulation of eosinophils on aggregated IgG via increased production and activation of both CD32 (low affinity IgG receptor) and αMß2 integrin. In addition, unlike IL‐5 or GM‐CSF, IL‐3 induced expression of CD32B/C (FCGRIIB/C) subtype proteins, without changing CD32A (FCGRIIA) protein and CD32B/C mRNA expression levels. Importantly, these in vitro IL‐3‐induced modifications were recapitulated in vivo on airway eosinophils.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceWe observed for the first time upregulation of CD32B/C on eosinophils, and identified IL‐3 as a potent inducer of CD32‐ and αMß2‐mediated eosinophil degranulation.
The role of FLT3 inhibitors in the treatment of FLT3‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Fathi Amir T. , Chen Yi‐Bin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFLT3 mutations are present in about one‐third of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Several FLT3 inhibitors have been used in clinical trials, and these include midostaurin, sorafenib, quizartinib, crenolanib, and gilteritinib. Monotherapy with early tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) did not have much success; however, later generation agents have shown more promising results. Combination with conventional chemotherapy may have benefit as evidenced by recently presented results, and data from ongoing trials are eagerly awaited. Several trials are also evaluating TKI given after HSCT, and a large international randomized trial is planned. We may be close to an era of targeted therapy where the standard of care for this biologically defined subset will involve incorporation of a FLT3 TKI during induction chemotherapy and after HSCT. It is important that our community continues to collaborate to conduct well‐designed clinical trials to properly define the role of FLT3 TKIs in therapy for FLT3‐mutant AML.