bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
U.S. Geological Survey experience with the residual absolutes method
Authors: Worthington E. William , Matzka Jürgen 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Geomagnetism Program has developed and tested the residual method of absolutes, with the assistance of the Danish Technical University's (DTU) Geomagnetism Program. Three years of testing were performed at College Magnetic Observatory (CMO), Fairbanks, Alaska, to compare the residual method with the null method. Results show that the two methods compare very well with each other and both sets of baseline data were used to process the 2015 definitive data. The residual method will be implemented at the other USGS high-latitude geomagnetic observatories in the summer of 2017 and 2018.
Impacto da facectomia na qualidade de vida de idosos atendidos em campanha assistencial de catarata
Authors: Santana Tainara Sardeiro de , Ávila Marcos Pereira de , Isaac David Leonardo Cruvinel , Tobias Gabriela Camargo , Paranaguá Thatianny Tanferri de Brito 
Published: October 2017

Objetivou-se avaliar a melhora da acuidade visual (AV) antes e no 15° dia do pós-operatório de facectomia e o seu impacto na qualidade de vida dos idosos. Estudo prospectivo, desenvolvido com 156 pacientes submetidos à facectomia em campanha oftalmológica. De acordo com a tabela de Snellen, a AV média, em logMAR, após 15 dias da cirurgia melhorou de 1,23 para 0,57 nos idosos (p=0,000). Na comparação das médias de qualidade de vida, pelo questionário de avaliação da qualidade de vida Visual Functioning Questionnaire (VQF-25), o subdomínio visão geral apresentou a maior diferença entre as médias antes e após a facectomia (de 29,65 para 89,87). A análise de correlação apontou que a melhora da AV melhorou a satisfação geral, em relação à atividade para longe, dor ocular, saúde mental e dependência, levando a um impacto positivo na qualidade de vida dos idosos. Levantaram-se indicadores que direcionam à terapêutica mais individualizada.
Praktické aspekty stavění promlčecí doby při neplatné podnikatelské rozhodčí doložce
Authors: Bílek Stanislav , Vaníčková Radka 
Published: October 2017

Rozhodčí řízení představovalo zejména pro podnikatele, efektivní a hospodárnou alternativu vůči civilnímu soudnictví. K rozhodování majetkových sporů byly díky liberální legislativě využívány i soukromé rozhodčí společnosti, které neměly a stále nemají status rozhodčího soudu. V aplikační praxi obecných soudů rezonuje v posledních letech problematika rušení nicotných rozhodčích nálezů, vydávaných těmito soukromými rozhodci ve prospěch rozporu rozhodčích doložek, podle nichž byla pravomoc soukromých rozhodců založena zákonem č. 216/1994 Sb., o rozhodčím řízení o výkonu rozhodčích nálezů v platném znění, případně pro rozpor s jiným právním předpisem. Cílem příspěvku je poukázat na jednu z mnoha výkladových těžkostí v souvislosti s rušením rozhodčích nálezů vydaných na základě neplatných rozhodčích doložek, a to zda uplatněním nároku rozhodčí žalobou z neplatné rozhodčí doložky dochází ke stavení běhu promlčecí lhůty a za jakých podmínek. Dále uskutečnit stručnou analýzu aktuální soudní praxe v rušení nicotných rozhodčích nálezů a právní výklad důsledků tohoto přístupu obecných soudů v otázce promlčení majetkových práv zejména se zaměřením na právní vztahy mezi podnikateli. Účinky nicotného rozhodčího nálezu nelze vztahovat automaticky na akt podání rozhodčí žaloby s ohledem na princip právní jistoty jako základní předpoklad právního státu. Podání rozhodčí žaloby podle neplatné doložky dle názorů autorů příspěvku má v určitém rozsahu za následek stavení promlčecí lhůty. Autoři rozdělili příspěvek na dvě části. V první části podávají úvodní vysvětlení předmětné problematiky a zaujímají postoje k judikatuře týkající se neplatných podnikatelských doložek. V druhé části vymezují dopady judikatury soudů ve sledované oblasti ve vztahu k otázce stavění promlčecí lhůty a předkládají návrhy řešení v souladu s platnou legislativou.
Povinnosti správních orgánů ve vztahu k procesním právům účastníků správního řízení v procesu dokazování
Authors: Kliková Alena 
Published: October 2017

Předkládaná stať  je věnována problematice povinností správních orgánů v procesu správního dokazování a jejich návaznosti na procesní práva účastníků správního řízení v rámci dokazování. Zabývá se otázkami vztahu porušení povinností správních orgánů a omezení procesních práv účastníků. Jednotlivé povinnosti správních orgánů budou vysvětleny a vymezeny jak z pohledu správního orgánu, tak ve vztahu k procesním právům účastníka. Řešena je také otázka, zda jednotlivé povinnosti správního orgánu v procesu dokazování vytváří s procesními právy účastníka určité dvojice, které musí spolu plně korespondovat, nebo zda mohou působit samostatně. Pozornost je zaměřena rovněž ze shora uvedených úhlů pohledu také na aktuální otázky vztahující se k institutu dokazování ve správním řízení. Vedle správněprávního přístupu bude zčásti uplatněn také přístup správněvědní, zaměřený na efektivnost příslušné právní úpravy, resp. její působení v praxi správních orgánů.
Blogging in and about the workplace: a linguistic and discursive analysis of work psychology discourse and discourse communities
Authors: Roxanne Barbara Doerr  
Published: October 2017

Work psychology focuses on how people think and behave at work by applying psychological concepts and methods to reflect on work, the workplace and the workforce. Its relevance has increased and changed in the light of globalization, as well as the dematerialization and mobilization of the workplace and the development of new sectors, services and media. Moreover, the use of social and new media for the dissemination of knowledge regarding recent changes in employment trends and procedures have led to an open and democratizing shift in power of and over workplace discourse, allowing hitherto marginalized professional figures to voice their needs and experience to objective peers and advisors. This opening and sharing of discourse within a perpetually connected worldwide community has raised questions about where a workplace’s boundaries lie and the contexts in which a worker may be considered an employee or an individual communicating online in and out of the office. The present preliminary study therefore analyzes a significant and adaptable online genre, i.e. work psychology blogs, to observe and consider how experts on workplace mentality apply rhetorical devices and discursive and linguistic strategies to inform, encourage and influence the perception of employees within online discourse communities.
Munnstell og munnhygiene til medisinske pasienter. En kartlegging blant sykepleiere i medisinsk avdeling
Authors: Karlsen Nina , Brunborg Birgit 
Published: October 2017

Oral care and oral hygiene in hospitalized patients. A survey of nurses in medical ward In this study, we assessed whether an educational program for nurses in a medical ward could enhance their knowledge, attitude and documentation level of oral care procedures. We collected quantitative data before and after the educational program, using a questionnaire. The findings indicate an increase in the nurses’ assessment of the elderly’s oral status and need for oral care. The nurses became more conscious about common oral practice, and the need for proper equipment. Nurses’ attention to oral care was low when workload was high, and their documentation of oral case was generally insufficient. The study concludes that improving nurses’ oral care practice would be beneficial for patients, and that nurses’ knowledge, attitude and documentation can be influenced through educational programs. Based on these findings, we recommend that mouth care programs be developed and followed up by quality assurance processes and scientific studies.
How to normalize metatranscriptomic count data for differential expression analysis
Authors: Klingenberg Heiner , Meinicke Peter 
Published: October 2017

Background
Differential expression analysis on the basis of RNA-Seq count data has become a standard tool in transcriptomics. Several studies have shown that prior normalization of the data is crucial for a reliable detection of transcriptional differences. Until now it has not been clear whether and how the transcriptomic approach can be used for differential expression analysis in metatranscriptomics.

Methods
We propose a model for differential expression in metatranscriptomics that explicitly accounts for variations in the taxonomic composition of transcripts across different samples. As a main consequence the correct normalization of metatranscriptomic count data under this model requires the taxonomic separation of the data into organism-specific bins. Then the taxon-specific scaling of organism profiles yields a valid normalization and allows us to recombine the scaled profiles into a metatranscriptomic count matrix. This matrix can then be analyzed with statistical tools for transcriptomic count data. For taxon-specific scaling and recombination of scaled counts we provide a simple R script.

Results
When applying transcriptomic tools for differential expression analysis directly to metatranscriptomic data with an organism-independent (global) scaling of counts the resulting differences may be difficult to interpret. The differences may correspond to changing functional profiles of the contributing organisms but may also result from a variation of taxonomic abundances. Taxon-specific scaling eliminates this variation and therefore the resulting differences actually reflect a different behavior of organisms under changing conditions. In simulation studies we show that the divergence between results from global and taxon-specific scaling can be drastic. In particular, the variation of organism abundances can imply a considerable increase of significant differences with global scaling. Also, on real metatranscriptomic data, the predictions from taxon-specific and global scaling can differ widely. Our studies indicate that in real data applications performed with global scaling it might be impossible to distinguish between differential expression in terms of transcriptomic changes and differential composition in terms of changing taxonomic proportions.

Conclusions
As in transcriptomics, a proper normalization of count data is also essential for differential expression analysis in metatranscriptomics. Our model implies a taxon-specific scaling of counts for normalization of the data. The application of taxon-specific scaling consequently removes taxonomic composition variations from functional profiles and therefore provides a clear interpretation of the observed functional differences.
MGST2andWNT2are candidate genes for comitant strabismus susceptibility in Japanese patients
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Matsuo Toshihiko 
Published: October 2017

Background/AimStrabismus is a common condition with misalignment between two eyes that may lead to decrease of visual acuity, lack of binocularity, and diplopia. It is caused by heterogeneous environmental and genetic risk factors. Our previous research has identified new chromosomal susceptibility loci in 4q28.3 and 7q31.2 regions for comitant strabismus in Japanese families. We conducted a verification study by linkage analysis to narrow the chromosomal loci down to a single gene.MethodsFrom Japanese and U.S. databases, 24 rsSNPs and 233 rsSNPs were chosen from the 4q28.3 and 7q31.2 region, respectively, and were typed in 108 affected subjects and 96 unaffected subjects of 58 families with primary and non-syndromic comitant strabismus. Three major analytical methods were used: transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), TDT allowing for errors (TDTae), and linkage analysis under dominant and recessive inheritance.ResultsThe SNPs with significantPvalues in TDT and TDTae were located solely at the gene, microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (MGST2), on chromosome 4q28.3 locus. In contrast, significant SNPs were dispersed in a few genes, containing wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 2 (WNT2), on chromosome 7q31.2 locus. The distribution of significant SNPs on the 7q31.2 locus showed that only theST7toWNT2region in the same big haplotype block contained significant SNPs for all three methods of linkage analysis.ConclusionsThis study suggests thatMGST2andWNT2are potential candidates for comitant strabismus in Japanese population.
Using Detrital Zircon Geochronology to Constrain Paleogene Provenance and Its Relationship to Rifting in the Zhu 1 Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea
Authors: Wang Wei , Ye Jiaren , Bidgoli Tandis , Yang Xianghua , Shi Hesheng , Shu Yu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPaleogene syn‐rift successions in the South China Sea are poorly understood and systematic provenance analysis, which could provide clues to their history, is lacking. Here we report 409 new concordant U‐Pb ages from detrital zircons separated from the Paleogene Wenchang, Enping, and Zhuhai formations in the Zhu 1 depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin. The new data, combined with the published age data from the region, document changes in the provenance of syn‐rift successions. Detrital zircons from the Eocene Wenchang Formation are unimodal, with Jurassic‐Cretaceous (180–80 Ma) ages making up >80% of grains. The ages are consistent with the geochronology of intrabasinal highs, dominated by igneous rocks emplaced during the Yanshanian orogeny, and suggest local provenance. By contrast, detrital zircons from the upper Eocene to lower Oligocene Enping Formation form three well‐recognized age‐clusters, with peaks at 150, 254, and 438 Ma that match documented tectonomagmatism in South China Block (SCB). Combined with increasing numbers of Precambrian zircons, the data suggest increasing influence of regional provenance of the SCB. Similar age peaks are also recognized from the limited number of zircons analyzed from the upper Oligocene Zhuhai Formation and comparability with modern shelf and river sediment indicates the unit was mainly sourced from the SCB and likely transported by a paleo‐Pearl River. We infer that the change in provenance, from local uplifts within the Zhu 1 to the SCB, is related to distinct phases of PRMB rift development; however, later changes are best explained by SCB drainage evolution.
The Transient Response of Ice Volume to Orbital Forcing During the Warm Late Pliocene
Authors: de Boer Bas , Haywood Alan M. , Dolan Aisling M. , Hunter Stephen J. , Prescott Caroline L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractExamining the nature of ice sheet and sea level response to past episodes of enhanced greenhouse gas forcing may help constrain future sea level change. Here, for the first time, we present the transient nature of ice sheets and sea level during the late Pliocene. The transient ice sheet predictions are forced by multiple climate snapshots derived from a climate model set up with late Pliocene boundary conditions, forced with different orbital forcing scenarios appropriate to two Marine Isotope Stages (MISs), MIS KM5c, and K1. Our results indicate that during MIS KM5c both the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets contributed to sea level rise relative to present and were relatively stable. Insolation forcing between the hemispheres was out of phase during MIS K1 and led to an asynchronous response of ice volume globally. Therefore, when variations of precession were high, inferring the behavior of ice sheets from benthic isotope or sea level records is complex.
Theoretical Solution and Applications of Ocean Bottom Pressure Induced by Seismic Seafloor Motion
Authors: An Chao , Cai Chen , Zheng Yong , Meng Lingsen , Liu Philip 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSeismic signals captured by ocean bottom pressure sensors, which are designed to record tsunami waves, are largely ignored. In this paper, we derive a simple theoretical solution of the ocean bottom pressure as a function of prescribed seafloor motion. All the assumptions are clearly stated and analyzed. The solution is checked by comparing the seafloor displacement and pressure from three M7+ earthquakes, recorded by ocean bottom seismometers and pressure gauges located off the Japanese coast. We then show two applications. First, using the seafloor displacement data recorded by an ocean bottom seismometer, the pressure amplitude recorded by the associated pressure gauge is corrected, and vice versa. Second, pressure recordings from Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake are converted to seafloor displacements, which are then utilized to estimate the earthquake focal mechanism. Thus, we demonstrate that seismic signals recorded by pressure sensors have great potential for fast estimate of earthquake source parameters.
Restoration of Static JPEG Images and RGB Video Frames by Means of Nonlinear Filtering in Conditions of Gaussian and Non‐Gaussian Noise
Authors: Sokolov R. I. , Abdullin R. R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe use of nonlinear Markov process filtering makes it possible to restore both video stream frames and static photos at the stage of preprocessing. The present paper reflects the results of research in comparison of these types image filtering quality by means of special algorithm when Gaussian or non‐Gaussian noises acting. Examples of filter operation at different values of signal‐to‐noise ratio are presented. A comparative analysis has been performed, and the best filtered kind of noise has been defined. It has been shown the quality of developed algorithm is much better than quality of adaptive one for RGB signal filtering at the same a priori information about the signal. Also, an advantage over median filter takes a place when both fluctuation and pulse noise filtering.
Understanding the Role of Climate Characteristics in Drought Propagation
Authors: Apurv Tushar , Sivapalan Murugesu , Cai Ximing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this study, we use numerical experiments with a simple water balance model to understand the roles of key climate characteristics in hydrologic drought propagation and the consequence of human responses to drought events under different climates. The experiments use climate inputs from a range of places with a hypothetical catchment of fixed properties to study drought propagation under different climates. Three drought propagation mechanisms are identified that produce hydrologic droughts with differing characteristics. The first mechanism involves seasonal groundwater recharge cycles, which persist during low rainfall periods, resulting in shorter hydrologic droughts compared to meteorological droughts. The second is characterized by seasonal groundwater recharge cycles that are suppressed during low rainfall periods, resulting in longer hydrologic droughts than meteorological droughts. The third is exemplified by a lack of seasonality in groundwater recharge and a strong control of precipitation over groundwater recharge, resulting in hydrologic droughts of similar duration as meteorological droughts. The roles of seasonality, climate aridity, and timing of precipitation in producing these different drought propagation mechanisms are studied. The timing of precipitation is found to have the most significant impact. Furthermore, modeling experiments are performed to understand the role of climate in the interaction between short and long time‐scale human activities in response to droughts and the effect of the common practice of groundwater pumping during drought events on long‐term groundwater depletion. Interestingly, climates with high interannual variability of precipitation are found to be associated with less groundwater depletion than the climates with low interannual variability.
Does Overgeneralized Autobiographical Memory Facilitate or Inhibit Intrusive Images? Its Relation to Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Matsumoto Noboru , Sensui Toshihiko , Mochizuki Satoshi 
Published: October 2017

SummaryPeople with high levels of depressive symptoms experience overgeneralized autobiographical memory (OGM) in voluntary recall and intrusive images in involuntary recall. The present study examined the relationship between OGM and intrusive images and the influence of depressive symptoms on this relationship over 1 week. Fifty‐three students completed self‐report questionnaires, autobiographical memory test, and the trauma film paradigm. Subsequently, they reported intrusive images from the trauma film in a diary for 1 week. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that individuals with higher levels of depressive symptoms experienced more intrusive images than did individuals with low depressive symptoms. An interaction effect between negative memory specificity and depressive symptoms revealed that number of intrusive images was related to high negative memory specificity (i.e. low OGM) in individuals with higher levels of depressive symptoms. These results support the functional avoidance strategy of OGM in analogue trauma stimuli, especially in individuals with higher depressive symptoms.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Output‐feedback H∞quadratic tracking control of linear systems using reinforcement learning
Authors: Moghadam Rohollah , Lewis Frank L. 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARYThis paper presents an online learning algorithm based on integral reinforcement learning (IRL) to design an output‐feedback (OPFB) H∞tracking controller for partially unknown linear continuous‐time systems. Although reinforcement learning techniques have been successfully applied to find optimal state‐feedback controllers, in most control applications, it is not practical to measure the full system states. Therefore, it is desired to design OPFB controllers. To this end, a general boundedL2‐gain tracking problem with a discounted performance function is used for the OPFB H∞tracking. A tracking game algebraic Riccati equation is then developed that gives a Nash equilibrium solution to the associated min‐max optimization problem. An IRL algorithm is then developed to solve the game algebraic Riccati equation online without requiring complete knowledge of the system dynamics. The proposed IRL‐based algorithm solves an IRL Bellman equation in each iteration online in real time to evaluate an OPFB policy and updates the OPFB gain using the information given by the evaluated policy. An adaptive observer is used to provide the knowledge of the full states for the IRL Bellman equation during learning. However, the observer is not needed after the learning process is finished. A simulation example is provided to verify the convergence of the proposed algorithm to a suboptimal OPFB solution and the performance of the proposed method.