bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realization of an optimized cylindrical uniform magnetic field coil via flexible printed circuit technology
Authors: Zhao 赵 A-Hui 阿慧 , Zhang 张 Yong-Le 永乐 , Liang 梁 Yue-Yue 跃跃 , Zhang 张 Yi 艺 , Zha 查 Jun-Jun 君君 , Rui 芮 Dao-Rong 道荣 , Zhang 张 Xiao-Qiang 肖强 , Yang 杨 Kang 康 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The design and fabrication method of magnetic field coils with high uniformity is essential for atomic magnetometers. In this paper, a novel design strategy for cylindrical uniform coils is first proposed, which combines the target-field method (TFM) with an optimized slime mold algorithm (SMA) to determine optimal structure parameters. Then, the realization method for the designed cylindrical coil by using the flexible printed circuit (FPC) technology is presented. Compared with traditional fabrication methods, this method has advantages in excellent flexibility and bending property, making the coils easier to be arranged in limited space. Moreover, the manufacturing process of the FPC technology via a specific cylindrical uniform magnetic field coil is discussed in detail, and the successfully realized coil is well tested in a verification system. By comparing the uniformity performance of the experimental coil with the simulation one, the effectiveness of the FPC technology in producing cylindrical coils has been well validated.
Flow features induced by a rod-shaped microswimmer and its swimming efficiency: A two-dimensional numerical study
Authors: Li 李 Siwen 斯文 , Ying 应 Yuxiang 宇翔 , Jiang 姜 Tongxiao 童晓 , Nie 聂 Deming 德明 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The swimming performance of rod-shaped microswimmers in a channel was numerically investigated using the two-dimensional lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). We considered variable-length squirmer rods, assembled from circular squirmer models with self-propulsion mechanisms, and analyzed the effects of the Reynolds number (Re), aspect ratio (ε), squirmer-type factor (β) and blockage ratio (κ) on swimming efficiency (η) and power expenditure (P). The results show no significant difference in power expenditure between pushers (microswimmers propelled from the tail) and pullers (microswimmers propelled from the head) at the low Reynolds numbers adopted in this study. However, the swimming efficiency of pushers surpasses that of pullers. Moreover, as the degree of channel blockage increases (i.e., κ increases), the squirmer rod consumes more energy while swimming, and its swimming efficiency also increases, which is clearly reflected when ε ≤ 3. Notably, squirmer rods with a larger aspect ratio ε and a β value approaching 0 can achieve high swimming efficiency with lower power expenditure. The advantages of self-propelled microswimmers are manifested when ε > 4 and β = ±1, where the squirmer rod consumes less energy than a passive rod driven by an external field. These findings underscore the potential for designing more efficient microswimmers by carefully considering the interactions between the microswimmer geometry, propulsion mechanism and fluid dynamic environment.
Simulation of crowd evacuation under attack considering emotion spreading
Authors: Wang 王 Yang 杨 , Ding 丁 Ning 宁 , Dong 董 Dapeng 大鹏 , Zhu 朱 Yu 萸 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In recent years, attacks against crowded places such as campuses and theaters have had a frequent and negative impact on the security and stability of society. In such an event, the crowd will be subjected to high psychological stress and their emotions will rapidly spread to others. This paper establishes the attack–escape evacuation simulation model (AEES-SFM), based on the social force model, to consider emotion spreading under attack. In this model, (1) the attack–escape driving force is considered for the interaction between an attacker and evacuees and (2) emotion spreading among the evacuees is considered to modify the value of the psychological force. To validate the simulation, several experiments were carried out at a university in China. Comparing the simulation and experimental results, it is found that the simulation results are similar to the experimental results when considering emotion spreading. Therefore, the AEES-SFM is proved to be effective. By comparing the results of the evacuation simulation without emotion spreading, the emotion spreading model reduces the evacuation time and the number of casualties by about 30%, which is closer to the real experimental results. The results are still applicable in the case of a 40-person evacuation. This paper provides theoretical support and practical guidance for campus response to violent attacks.
Strain-modulated antiferromagnetic Chern insulator in NiOsCl6 monolayer
Authors: Wu 武 Bin 斌 , Li 李 Na 娜 , Chen 陈 Xin-Lian 新莲 , Ji 纪 Wei-Xiao 维霄 , Wang 王 Pei-Ji 培吉 , Zhang 张 Shu-Feng 树峰 , Zhang 张 Chang-Wen 昌文 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recently, Chern insulators in an antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase have been suggested theoretically and predicted in a few materials. However, the experimental observation of two-dimensional (2D) AFM quantum anomalous Hall effect is still a challenge to date. In this work, we propose that an AFM Chern insulator can be realized in a 2D monolayer of NiOsCl6 modulated by a compressive strain. Strain modulation is accessible experimentally and used widely in predicting and tuning topological nontrivial phases. With first-principles calculations, we have investigated the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of NiOsCl6. Its stability has been confirmed through molecular dynamical simulations, elasticity constant, and phonon spectrum. It has a collinear AFM order, with opposite magnetic moments of 1.3 μ
B on each Ni/Os atom, respectively, and the Néel temperature is estimated to be 93 K. In the absence of strain, it functions as an AFM insulator with a direct gap with spin–orbital coupling included. Compressive strain will induce a transition from a normal insulator to a Chern insulator characterized by a Chern number C = 1, with a band gap of about 30 meV. This transition is accompanied by a structural distortion. Remarkably, the Chern insulator phase persists within the 3%–10% compressive strain range, offering an alternative platform for the utilization of AFM materials in spintronic devices.
Enhanced near-field radiative heat transfer between borophene sheets on different substrates
Authors: Han 韩 Xiaoyang 小洋 , Fan 范 Chunzhen 春珍 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) has the potential to exceed the blackbody limit by several orders of magnitude, offering significant opportunities for energy harvesting. In this study, we have examined the NFRHT between two borophene sheets through the calculation of heat transfer coefficient (HTC). Due to the tunneling of evanescent waves, borophene sheet allows for enhanced heat flux and adjustable NFRHT by varying its electron density and electron relaxation time. Additionally, the near field coupling is further examined when the borophene is deposited on dielectric or lossy substrates. The maximum HTC is closely related to the real part of the dielectric substrate. As a case study, the HTCs on the lossy substrate of MoO3, ZnSe, and SiC are calculated for comparisons. Our results indicate that MoO3 is the optimal substrate to get the enhanced energy transfer coefficient. It results in a remarkable value of 1737 times higher than the blackbody limit owing to the enhanced photon tunneling probability. Thus, our study reveals the effect of substrate on the HTC between borophene sheets and provides a theoretical guidance for the design of near-field thermal radiation devices.
Suppression of the vapor cell temperature error in a spin-exchange relaxation-free comagnetometer
Authors: Liu 刘 Jia-Li 佳丽 , Jiang 姜 Li-Wei 丽伟 , Fang 方 Chi 驰 , Zhao 赵 Xin 鑫 , Chen 陈 Yuan-Qiang 远强 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The fluctuation of the vapor cell temperature leads to the variations of the density of the alkali metal atoms, which seriously damages the long-term stability of the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) comagnetometer. To address this problem, we propose a novel method for suppressing the cell temperature error by manipulating the probe laser frequency. A temperature coefficient model of the SERF comagnetometer is established based on the steady-state response, which indicates that the comagnetometer can be tuned to a working point where the output signal is insensitive to the cell temperature fluctuation, and the working point is determined by the relaxation rate of the alkali metal atoms. The method is verified in a K−Rb− 21Ne comagnetometer, and the experimental results are consistent with the theory. The theory and method presented here lay a foundation for the practical applications of the SERF comagnetometer.
Electron correlation in two-electron atoms: A Bohmian analysis of high-order harmonic generation in high-frequency domain
Authors: Song 宋 Yang 阳 , Han 韩 Shu 姝 , Yang 杨 Yujun 玉军 , Guo 郭 Fuming 福明 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In studying interactions between intense laser fields and atoms or molecules, the role of electron correlation effects on the dynamical response is an important and pressing issue to address. Utilizing Bohmian mechanics (BM), we have theoretically explored the two-electron correlation characteristics while generating high-order harmonics in xenon atoms subjected to intense laser fields. We initially employed Bohmian trajectories to reproduce the dynamics of the electrons and subsequently utilized time-frequency analysis spectra to ascertain the emission time windows for high-order harmonics. Within these time windows, we classified the nuclear region Bohmian trajectories and observed that intense high-order harmonics are solely generated when paired Bohmian particles (BPs) concurrently appear in the nuclear region and reside there for a duration within a re-collision time window. Furthermore, our analysis of characteristic trajectories producing high-order harmonics led us to propose a two-electron re-collision model to elucidate this phenomenon. The study demonstrates that intense high-order harmonics are only generated when both electrons are in the ground state within the re-collision time window. This work discusses the implications of correlation effects between two electrons and offers valuable insights for studying correlation in multi-electron high-order harmonic generation.
Applications of independent component thermography for testing and evaluation of glass fibre reinforced polymer materials
Authors: Das Priyanka , Arora Vanita , Mulaveesala Ravibabu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A novel post-processing technique is proposed for analysing time series thermographic data obtained by imposing a frequency-modulated heat flux on a Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material for Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation (NDT&E). The proposed approach bridges the gap between the statistical and spatiotemporal analysis of the captured thermographic sequence to inspect and identify the flat bottom holes in the sample. It emphasizes the defect detection capabilities of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based thermography named Principal Component Thermography (PCT) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) based thermography named Independent Component Thermography (ICT) and compares them by using two distinct algorithmic implementations for each method. The effectiveness of these four algorithmic implementations is evaluated using the dynamic range of the temporal profiles. This work presents a significant step toward gaining deeper insight into statistical post-processing techniques for defect identification in InfraRed Thermography (IRT).
Isogenies on Kummer Surfaces
Authors: Corte-Real Santos Maria , Flynn E. 
Published: October 2024

We first give a cleaner and more direct approach to the derivation of the Fast model of the Kummer surface. We show how to construct efficient

(
N
,
N
)

(N,N)

-isogenies, for any odd

N
N

, both on the general Kummer surface and on the Fast model.
Deconvolution of Human Urine across the Transcriptome and Metabolome
Authors: Vorperian Sevahn K , DeFelice Brian C , Buonomo Joseph A , Chinchinian Hagop J , Gray Ira J , Yan Jia , Mach Kathleen E , La Vinh , Lee Timothy J , Liao Joseph C , Lafayette Richard , Loeb Gabriel B , Bertozzi Carolyn R , Quake Stephen R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Early detection of the cell type changes underlying several genitourinary tract diseases largely remains an unmet clinical need, where existing assays, if available, lack the cellular resolution afforded by an invasive biopsy. While messenger RNA in urine could reflect the dynamic signal that facilitates early detection, current measurements primarily detect single genes and thus do not reflect the entire transcriptome and the underlying contributions of cell type-specific RNA.

Methods
We isolated and sequenced the cell-free RNA (cfRNA) and sediment RNA from human urine samples (n = 6 healthy controls and n = 12 kidney stone patients) and measured the urine metabolome. We analyzed the resulting urine transcriptomes by deconvolving the noninvasively measurable cell type contributions and comparing to plasma cfRNA and the measured urine metabolome.

Results
Urine transcriptome cell type deconvolution primarily yielded relative fractional contributions from genitourinary tract cell types in addition to cell types from high-turnover solid tissues beyond the genitourinary tract. Comparison to plasma cfRNA yielded enrichment of metabolic pathways and a distinct cell type spectrum. Integration of urine transcriptomic and metabolomic measurements yielded enrichment for metabolic pathways involved in amino acid metabolism and overlapped with metabolic subsystems associated with proximal tubule function.

Conclusions
Noninvasive whole transcriptome measurements of human urine cfRNA and sediment RNA reflects signal from hard-to-biopsy tissues exhibiting low representation in blood plasma cfRNA liquid biopsy at cell type resolution and are enriched in signal from metabolic pathways measurable in the urine metabolome.
Asymmetries in federal reserve objectives
Authors: Kocherlakota Narayana R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper uses evidence from the Federal Open Market Committee’s Summary of Economic Projections to show that US monetary policymakers have objectives over unemployment and inflation outcomes that are not well approximated through a conventional quadratic loss function. Rather, policymakers derive material costs (benefits) from overshooting (undershooting) their long-run inflation and unemployment goals. The trade-off between the resultant downward tilts in unemployment and inflation played a key role in shaping the evolution of monetary policy choices since the Great Recession.
Analysis of the life cycle of Helicobacter pylori bacteriophage KHP40 belonging to the genus Schmidvirus
Authors: Iwamoto Masahiro , Takahashi Michiko , Maeda Hiromichi , Takeuchi Hiroaki , Uchiyama Jumpei , Ujihara Takako , Nagasaki Keizo , Hanazaki Kazuhiro , Seo Satoru , Kitamura Naoya , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Matsuzaki Shigenobu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Bacteriophage (phage) KHP40 was previously isolated from the supernatant of a culture of Helicobacter pylori KMT83 cells. In this study, we analysed the infection characteristics of KHP40, phage release pattern from KMT83 cells, and state of KHP40 DNA in KMT83 cells. The findings revealed that KHP40 phage showed varied adsorption efficiencies for different strains, long latent periods, and small burst sizes. Additionally, KHP40 activity was maintained at pH 2.5–12. KHP40 phages were released during the vegetative growth phase of the KMT83 cells. PCR analysis demonstrated that KHP40 DNA was stably maintained in KMT83 clones. Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed the presence of two distinct types of circular double-stranded DNA in H. pylori KMT83 cells. One was an H. pylori-specific DNA consisting of 1 578 403 bp, and the other was a 26 412-bp sequence that represented the episomal form of phage KHP40 DNA. Furthermore, defective KHP40-lysogenic DNA was detected in the H. pylori-specific DNA, the deleted portion of which appeared to have been transferred to another location in the bacterial genome. These findings indicate that KHP40 DNA exists in both episomal and defectively lysogenized states in KMT83 cells, and active phages are produced from KHP40-episomal DNA.
SMART Designs: Bridging the Gap Between Clinical Trials and Practice in Infectious Diseases
Authors: Maleyeff Lara , Moodie Erica E M , Golchi Shirin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Traditional randomized controlled trials often fall short in addressing the specific needs of clinical practice due to their one-size-fits-all treatment approaches. Sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMARTs) offer a dynamic and adaptive approach, allowing for multiple randomizations based on patient responses and evolving conditions. SMARTs enable personalized treatment pathways, such as in the trial for antiretroviral therapy in South Africa, which adjusts treatment based on patient outcomes. Despite these advantages, the use of SMARTs in infectious diseases remains limited. Greater adoption of SMARTs could promote more personalized treatment approaches, improve flexibility in response to public health needs, and enhance the effectiveness of interventions. However, challenges such as recruitment and increased expertise needed for more complex analyses must be addressed. Additionally, combining SMARTs with other adaptive designs could further improve the relevance and outcomes of clinical research.
Serological Responses to TargetStreptococcus pyogenesVaccine Antigens in Patients With Proven Invasive β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infections
Authors: Langworthy Kristyn , Taggart Michael , Smith Rosemary , Levy Avram , Knight Daniel R , Hui Siong , Fulurija Alma , Morici Michael , Raby Edward , Manning Laurens 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundRising incidence of invasive β-hemolytic streptococcal (iBHS) infections has prompted consideration of vaccination as a preventative strategy for at-risk populations. The benefits of a vaccine targeting Lancefield group A (Streptococcus pyogenes; Strep A) would increase if cross-species immunity against Lancefield groups C/G (Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis; SDSE) and B (Streptococcus agalactiae; GBS) was demonstrated.MethodsA prospective, observational study of adult patients with iBHS infections due to Strep A, SDSE, or GBS. Antibody responses to 6 Strep A candidate antigens were assayed on acute and convalescent sera. A serological response was defined as an increase of &gt;0.2 log10 arbitrary units/mL (AU/mL).ResultsSixty-seven participants were enrolled. Thirty-three participants were included in the final analysis (12, 11, and 10 with Strep A, SDSE, and GBS, respectively). The median serological response for participants with Strep A was significant for all tested antigens (median &gt;0.2 log10 difference between acute and convalescent samples; P &lt; .05 for all). Those with SDSE had comparable and significant median responses to streptolysin-O (0.65 log10 AU/mL; interquartile range [IQR], 0.36–1.67; P = .004), S. pyogenes adhesion and division protein (0.68 log10 AU/mL; IQR, 0.36–1.63; P = .005), and C5a peptidase (ScpA; 0.30 log10 AU/mL; IQR, 0.23–1.06; P = .004). GBS responses were limited to ScpA only (0.34 log10 AU/mL; IQR, 0.08–0.52; P = .05).ConclusionsPatients with invasive Strep A infection mount robust antibody responses to 6 non-M protein vaccine candidate antigens. Similar significant responses to C5a peptidase in those with invasive SDSE and GBS infection highlight the importance of further research into cross-species protection and immunological correlates of vaccine efficacy.
Rapid Antigen Detection Test for Diagnosis of Post–kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis: Application of CL Detect Rapid Test for Active Case Detection in the Endemic Area
Authors: Azam Mudsser , Das Vidya Nand R , Ramesh V , Gupta Tathagata , Topno Roshan Kamal , Dixit Keerti Kaumudee , Salotra Poonam , Singh Ruchi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Post–kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a skin condition that occurs in a small percentage of people who have been cured of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and it contributes to transmission of VL. The rK39 rapid test cannot decisively diagnose PKDL due to the presence of antileishmanial antibodies from past VL episodes. The CL Detect Rapid Test, an in vitro diagnostic test that detects Leishmania antigen peroxidoxin, was assessed for diagnosing PKDL. The CL Detect Rapid Test had 73.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity in the study. The test can be used as a primary screening tool to monitor PKDL in endemic regions and identify active Leishmania infection.
Carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of rectal ESBL E. coli in surgical patients at the University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Siame Amon , Yamba Kaunda , Samutela Mulemba , Mukubesa Andrew , Mulundu Gina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are on the rise and are a global concern as they complicate the recovery of patients postoperatively. Bacterial colonization of the patient’s skin and alimentary tract are known to be major contributing sources to SSIs. However, Zambia lacks data relating to carriage rates of antibiotic-resistant rectal Escherichia coli among surgical patients.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study aimed at determining the preoperative (preop) and postoperative (postop) carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of rectal ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec) in elective surgery patients at the highest tertiary hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Phenotypic methods were used in the identification of E. coli. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns and identification of ESBL-Ec was determined by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion.

Results
A total of 120 study participants were recruited, of which 75 were followed up at least 72 h after surgery. From 195 rectal swabs cultured, 177 (90.8%) were positive for E. coli, of which 53 (29.9%) were ESBL-Ec, with a significantly (P &lt; 0.0001) higher proportion in postop (47.9%) than preop (17.3%) participants. Overall, ESBL-Ec isolates showed higher resistance in postop than preop to cefotaxime (100% versus 88.9%, respectively), ampicillin (100% versus 94.4%), ciprofloxacin (88.3% versus 83.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (80% versus 66.7%) and cefepime (80% versus 77.8%). MDR ESBL-Ec strains were more frequent in postop than in preop participants (91.4% versus 88.9%).

Conclusions
The study showed a significantly higher rate of antimicrobial-resistant rectal E. coli in postop than preop participants. There is a need to ascertain the source of the resistance and to institute robust infection control measures, preop screening of surgical patients for ESBL-Ec, and to raise awareness on prudent use of antibiotics.