bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rate of ileostomy site incisional hernias: more common than we think?
Authors: Obi Megan , Beffa Lucas , Melland-Smith Megan , Messer Nir , Kanters Arielle , Judeeba Sami , Baier Kevin , Miller Benjamin , Krpata David , Prabhu Ajita , Steele Scott R. , Rosen Michael , Holubar Stefan D. , Petro Clayton 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Incisional hernias (IH) rates after diverting loop ileostomy reversal (DLI-R) have been reported up to 24%. We aimed to characterize the incidence rate and risk factors associated with DLI-R site IH formation within 1-year in a large patient cohort.

Methods
A retrospective review at a single quaternary referral center hospital of adult patients who underwent DLI-R over a 5-year period and abdominal computerized tomography (CT) imaging performed within 1-year for any indication postoperatively was conducted. All CTs scans were independently reviewed by staff surgeons to determine the presence of a fascial defect at the DLI-R site.

Results
2,196 patients underwent DLI-R; of these, 569 (25.9%) underwent CT imaging for any indication. Mean patient age, 54.8 (± 14.9), BMI 27.6 kg/m2. 87 (15%) patients had a parastomal hernia at time of DLI-R. After median follow-up of 10 months, 203 patients (35.7%) had IH at the DLI-R site. Age (p = 0.14), sex (p = 0.39), race (p = 0.75), and smoking status (p = 0.82) weren’t associated with IH after DLI-R. Comorbidities weren’t significantly associated with IH following DLI-R. In univariate analysis, increased BMI (p < 0.001), presence of a parastomal hernia (p = 0.008), and suture type (p = 0.01) were associated with IH development. On multivariate analysis, BMI remained significant, and polyglyconate compared to polydioxanone suture were associated with higher rates of IH (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
We observed that the rate of incisional hernias within 1-year of diverting ileostomy reversal was indeed common at 36%. Granted, a high percentage of the population was excluded due to heterogeneity in radiographic evaluation that could be mitigated in future prospective studies. Our study suggests that IH preventative strategies include weight loss for overweight and obese patients prior to DLI-R and that the optimal suture for DLI-R is polydioxanone.
Effects of a surface layer cross-flow and slope steepness on the rate of descent of dense water flows along a slope
Authors: Berntsen Jarle , Hansen Bogi , Østerhus Svein , Larsen Karin Margretha Húsgarð , Hátún Hjálmar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe pathways and mixing in dense water overflows have been addressed in a range of numerical studies based on the DOME (Dynamics of Overflow Mixing and Entrainment) setup. These studies are motivated by overflows such as the flow of dense and cold water over the ridge between Iceland and Scotland. The main route of this water is through the Faroe-Shetland channel and further through the Faroe Bank Channel. After leaving the Faroe Bank Channel, the dense water continues along the slope along the Iceland-Faroe Ridge. Across this ridge there is also a strong flow of Atlantic water that may affect the pathway and mixing in the dense plume. In the DOME investigations, the slope steepness is assumed to be constant and there is no active background flow in the ambient water masses above the dense plume. With the situation along the Iceland-Faroe Ridge in mind, the setup from the DOME experiment is adjusted to study the effects of i) the slope profile, ii) flows crossing the slope on top of the along-slope flow of dense water, and iii) the topography near the overflow channel of dense water. It is found that the rate of descent is depending on slope steepness, and for a curved slope going from flat on top of a ridge to much steeper away from the ridge, dense water parcels near the ridge top or crest will sink slower than the faster flowing dense water further down along the slope. A cross-flow over the ridge, mimicking the flow of Atlantic water over the Iceland-Faroe Ridge, will force stronger mixing between the dense water and the ambient water above and dense water mixed up into the surface water can be allowed to flow out across the ridge. Furthermore, the dynamical situation along the slope will change and fluid parcels in the deeper part of the plume can experience a faster rate of descent. By removing a barrier in the topography downstream of the overflow channel, dense water can be steered towards the ridge and the starting point of the center of mass of the descending overflow water will be higher up on the slope.
Personalized neoantigen cancer vaccines: current progression, challenges and a bright future
Authors: Wu Da-Wei , Jia Shuo-Peng , Xing Shu-Jun , Ma Hai-lan , Wang Xin , Tang Qi-Yu , Li Zi-Wei , Wu Qing , Bai Min , Zhang Xin-Yong , Fu Xiao-Feng , Jia Ming-Ming , Tang Yu , Chen Li , Li Ning 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTumor neoantigens possess specific immunogenicity and personalized therapeutic vaccines based on neoantigens which have shown promising results in some clinical trials, with broad application prospects. However, the field is developing rapidly and there are currently few relevant review articles. Summarizing and analyzing the status of global personalized neoantigen vaccine clinical trials will provide important data for all stakeholders in drug development. Based on the Trialtrove database, a retrospective analysis was conducted using trial quantity as a key indicator for neo-adjuvant and adjuvant therapy anti-PD-1/PD-L1 clinical trials initiated before the end of 2022. The time trend of newly initiated trials was investigated. The sponsor type, host country, treatment mode, combination strategy, tested drugs, and targeted cancer types of these trials were summarized. As of December 2022, a total of 199 trials were included in the analysis. Among these studies, Phase I studies were the most numerous (119, 59.8%), and Phase I studies have been the predominant study type since 2015. Peptide vaccines were the largest neoantigen vaccines type, accounting for 64.8% of all clinical trials. Based on peptide delivery platforms, the proportion of trials was highest for the DC system (32, 16.1%), followed by LNP (11, 5.5%), LPX (11, 5.5%), and viruses (7, 3.5%). Most vaccines were applied in trials as a monotherapy (133/199, 66.8%), meanwhile combining immunotherapeutic drugs was the most common form for combination therapy. In terms of indications, the largest number of trials involved three or more unspecified solid tumors (50/199, 25.1%), followed by non-small cell lung cancer (24/199, 12.1%) and pancreatic cancer (15/199, 7.5%). The clinical development of personalized neoantigen cancer vaccines is still in the early stage. A clear shift in delivery systems from peptides to DC and liposomal platforms, with the largest number of studies in Asia, collectively marks a new era in the field. The adjuvant or maintenance therapy, and the combination treatment with ICIs are becoming the important clinical development orientation. As research on tumor–immune interactions intensifies, the design, development, and application of neoantigen vaccines are bound to develop rapidly, which will bring a new revolution in the future cancer treatment.
The crossroad between tumor and endothelial cells
Authors: Ribatti Domenico 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEndothelial cells are critical in tumor development, and the specific targeting of endothelial cells offers a potent means to effectively impede angiogenesis and suppress the growth of tumors. Tumor endothelial cells are responsible for the loss of anticancer immunity, the so-called endothelial anergy, i.e., the unresponsiveness of tumor endothelial cells to pro-inflammatory stimulation, not allowing adhesion of immune cells to the endothelium. Endothelial cells downregulate antigen presentation and recruitment of immune cells, contributing to immunosuppression. Targeting endothelial cells may assist in improving the immune effect of immune cells in tumor microenvironment.
A Mixed-Methods Research Design to Advance Inclusive and Equitable Teaching
Authors: Soicher Raechel N. , Baker Amanda R. , Thomas Ruthann C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe designed this project to advance inclusive and equitable teaching by leveraging data to motivate, inform, and tailor teaching development initiatives to the varied needs and resources of academic departments. We developed an innovative framework and mixed methods research design to systematically assess inclusive and equitable teaching at the student, course, department, and institution levels. In the context of a decentralized institution, we partnered with academic departments to collect data about their current practices, existing resources, and needs for advancing inclusive and equitable teaching through a student survey, analysis of course syllabi, and interviews with instructors. We shared and discussed results with partners in academic departments to support and inform departmental change initiatives. We highlight how synthesizing findings across multiple levels of analysis using a mixed methods design provides a new perspective on the perennial issue of the uptake of inclusive and equitable teaching practices in higher education. We discuss lessons learned and future directions with the hope that the framework and/or the research methodology can be a template for other researchers or educational developers to support implementation and sustainability of inclusive and equitable teaching practices.
Quantitative modeling of perovskite-based direct X-ray flat panel detectors
Authors: Song Zihao , Wang Gaozhu , Pang Jincong , Zheng Zhiping , Xu Ling , Zhou Ying , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Direct X-ray detectors based on semiconductors have drawn great attention from researchers in the pursuing of higher imaging quality. However, many previous works focused on the optimization of detection performances but seldomly watch them in an overall view and analyze how they will influence the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) value. Here, we propose a numerical model which shows the quantitative relationship between DQE and the properties of X-ray detectors and electric circuits. Our results point out that pursuing high sensitivity only is meaningless. To reduce the medical X-ray dose by 80%, the requirement for X-ray sensitivity is only at a magnitude of 103 μCGy−1⋅cm−2. To achieve the DQE = 0.7 at X-ray sensitivity air from 1248 to 8171 μCGy−1air⋅cm−2, the requirements on dark current density ranges from 10 to 100 nA⋅cm−2 and the fluctuation of current density should fall in 0.21 to 1.37 nA⋅cm−2.

Graphical Abstract
Is Mindfulness a Double-Edged Sword? Associations With Climate Anxiety and Pro-Environmental Behavior
Authors: Karl Johannes A. , Stanley Samantha K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
At a time of growing global concern about climate change, mindfulness has been put forward as a potential tool to alleviate climate anxiety and engage people with environmental issues. However, climate anxiety is not a pathology to treat. Instead, climate anxiety is increasingly understood as reflecting a deep engagement with environmental concerns that motivates pro-environmental action. We question whether some aspects of mindfulness may be related to lower climate anxiety that flows into lower pro-environmental behavior.

Method
We surveyed people living in Australia (n = 287) about their experiences of dispositional mindfulness, climate anxiety, anticipatory solastalgia (distress about future environmental losses), and their pro-environmental behavior.

Results
In a mediation analysis, we identified that mindfulness has a potential anxiolytic effect on climate anxiety, specifically acting with awareness, nonreactive decentering, and accepting nonjudgmental attitude related to lower scores on climate anxiety facets. Conversely, both greater awareness of internal and external experiences were related to greater climate anxiety. In its association with lower climate anxiety, acting with awareness also related indirectly to lower engagement in pro-climate collective action behavior. Awareness of external experiences related to higher anticipatory solastalgia and in turn greater engagement in collective action and personal pro-environmental behaviors.

Conclusions
Overall, the current study adds to a growing body of literature that highlights the nuanced relationships between mindfulness, affect, and pro-environmental behavior. It specifically raises the question of whether greater mindful emotion regulation and meta-awareness might reduce individuals’ likelihood of pro-environmental action, potentially by removing the negative affective motivator. In contrast, greater awareness of experiences might increase pro-environmental behavior by increasing experienced negative affect.

Preregistration
The study was not preregistered.
Comparison of Sexual Violence Perpetration Rates Among Gay, Lesbian and Heterosexual Cisgender Adults
Authors: Anderson R. E. , Piggott D. M. , Feinstein B. A. , Dyar C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
LGBTQ+ individuals are more vulnerable to experiencing sexual victimization. To truly prevent sexual victimization, preventing perpetration is necessary. The goal of this study was to increase the inclusivity of sexual violence research by examining the rates of sexual violence perpetration among cisgender, monosexual (e.g., attracted to a single gender, heterosexual or gay/lesbian) adults.

Methods
Participants were 828 adult Amazon Mechanical Turk workers who completed the study between March and September 2018. Participants completed the short version of the Post-Refusal Sexual Persistence Scale – Perpetration as part of a larger experiment. Analyses compared four gender by sexual identity groups: heterosexual women (31.5%), heterosexual men (27.8%), lesbian women (21.1%), and gay men (19.6%).

Results
There were group differences in reported perpetration rates. Perpetration rates were higher in both groups of men (heterosexual = 33.0%, gay = 35.0%) compared to both groups of women (heterosexual = 12.6%, lesbian = 20.5%), but rates did not differ within gender. Among the subsample with perpetration histories, heterosexual men were more likely to report using verbal coercion tactics (52.0%) than the other groups (45.5% [heterosexual women], 31.6% [gay men], 30.6% [lesbian women]), and heterosexual women were more likely to report using both verbal coercion and physical force in combination (24.2%) than gay men (5.3%).

Conclusions and Implications
There are gender-driven differences in the rate of sexual violence perpetration among monosexual adults, suggesting the need for population-specific prevention efforts.
Unraveling Th subsets: insights into their role in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Ryba-Stanisławowska Monika 
Published: September 2024

AbstractT helper (Th) cell subsets play pivotal roles in regulating immune responses within the tumor microenvironment, influencing both tumor progression and anti-tumor immunity. Among these subsets, Th1 cells promote cytotoxic responses through the production of IFN-γ, while Th2 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert immunosuppressive effects that support tumor growth. Th9 and Th17 cells have context-dependent roles, contributing to both pro-inflammatory and regulatory processes in tumor immunity. Tumor antigen-specific T cells within the tumor microenvironment often exhibit a dysfunctional phenotype due to increased expression of inhibitory receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, leading to reduced antitumor activity. Monoclonal antibodies that block these inhibitory signals—collectively known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)—can reactivate these T cells, enhancing their ability to target and destroy cancer cells. Recent advancements have highlighted the critical role of T helper subsets in modulating responses to ICIs, with their interactions remaining a focus of ongoing research. Both positive and negative effects of ICIs have been reported in relation to Th cell subsets, with some effects depending on the type of tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the crucial roles of different T helper cell subsets in tumor immunity and their complex relationship with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Borrelia burgdorferi infections in children and adolescents in Switzerland – a seroprevalence study 2023/2024 (BOBUINCA)
Authors: Heeb Laura , Fritschi Nora , Marten Andrea , Welzel Tatjana , Ritz Nicole , Heininger Ulrich 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Lyme borreliosis is one of the most prevalent tick-borne diseases in Europe. Studies on seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi IgG antibodies in children are rare. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi IgG antibodies in children and adolescents residing in North-Western Switzerland and neighbouring countries.

Methods
Prospective cross-sectional observational single-centre study using left-over plasma of asymptomatic paediatric patients. Included were children aged 1–17 years living in North-Western Switzerland and bordering areas of France and Germany. Excluded were children with symptoms of Lyme borreliosis or a chronic disease possibly affecting plasma antibodies (immunodeficiency syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus) or with such medication (e.g., intravenous immunoglobuline treatment, allogenic stem cell transplantation, immunosuppressive treatment) as well as refugees seeking asylum. IgG antibodies against B. burgdorferi were measured by ELISA and positive or borderline results by line blot. Positivity was defined as scenario 1: ELISA positive/line blot positive or borderline OR ELISA borderline/line blot positive. Scenario 2: ELISA positive or borderline/line blot positive. A multivariable logistic regression model for seropositivity was applied.

Results
962 children were included (mean age 9.63 years, standard deviation 5.01, 54.5% males). Seroprevalence for scenario 1 was 13.3% (95% CI: 11.2–15.6) and for scenario 2 11.2% (95% CI: 9.3–13.4). Seroprevalence (scenario 1) was comparable for age groups, sex and rural versus urban residence.

Conclusion
This study shows an increased seroprevalence for B. burgdorferi in the paediatric age compared to previous childhood studies. We also found an increased risk for B. burgdorferi infection at young age.
Dimensionality reduction through clustering of variables and canonical correlation
Authors: Muñoz-Pichardo Juan M. , Pino-Mejías Rafael , Cubiles-de-la-Vega M. Dolores , Enguix-González Alicia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dimensionality reduction techniques are highly useful statistical tools in analyzing datasets from various scientific fields. These methods often provide, in addition to reducing the number of variables or cases, interpretable and informative variables or dimensions. This work proposes a new technique for reducing the number of variables in datasets. The procedure is based on combining Variable Cluster Analysis and Canonical Correlation Analysis to determine synthetic variables that are representative of the clusters. The design of the procedure leads to the definition of a homogeneity index based on the statistical dependence within each cluster, and based on this index, a measure of the adequacy of the obtained cluster structure is proposed. Various artificial datasets have been generated in order to illustrate the ability of the statistical technique to detect the dependence structure between variables and reduce the dimensionality. Given that the technique can be applied to datasets with a dimension greater than the sample size, its application is illustrated in a dataset that suffers from this issue: high-dimensional data and small sample size. Furthermore, the application of the technique on two real data sets is illustrated.
Impact of opioids on hospital stay and mortality in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries
Authors: Maia Lucas , Chaves Isabella , Medeiros Heitor , Silva Glauco Francisco , da Silva Wallace Andrino 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Postoperative pain management is a critical aspect of surgical care, significantly influencing patient recovery and outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the impact of opioid use on hospital stay and mortality rates among patients undergoing abdominal surgeries in Brazil, where healthcare disparities may affect postoperative outcomes.

Methods
This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Hospital Onofre Lopes in Natal, Brazil. We included 385 patients aged 18 years or older who underwent abdominal surgery in 2023. Data were collected from medical records, focusing on analgesic therapy, opioid types, dosages, and patient demographics. Statistical analyses were performed using JAMOVI software.

Results
Opioid consumption was prevalent among the cohort, with 89.6% of patients receiving opioids postoperatively. Tramadol was the most frequently administered opioid, followed by nalbuphine and morphine. Patients treated with morphine had a significantly extended median hospital stay (15.5 days) compared to those receiving tramadol or nalbuphine (2 days). Morphine use was also associated with a higher mortality rate, with these patients being 16 times more likely to die compared to those on weaker opioids. Older age and extended hospital stays were additional risk factors for increased mortality.

Conclusion
Opioids were used extensively in this cohort as the main analgesic drug for postoperative pain management after abdominal surgeries. Use was associated with prolonged hospital stay and higher probability of death.
A novel highly antifungal compound ZJS-178 targeting myosin I inhibits the endocytosis and mycotoxin biosynthesis of Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Chen Qiaowan , Liu Chang , Qi Hao , Wu Ningjie , Liu Zunyong , Tian Qin , Zhu Xiao-Xiao , Li Xiangdong , Chen Yun , Ma Zhonghua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChemical fungicides remain a primary tool for managing Fusarium head blight (FHB) due to the lack of resistant wheat cultivars. In this study, we synthesized 101 2-cyanoacrylate compounds and identified ZJS-178 as particularly effective against Fusarium graminearum (the causal agent of FHB), inhibiting both hyphal growth and conidial germination. Notably, ZJS-178 is specific to Fusarium species, with no impact on other fungi. It also shows no cross-resistance with other groups of fungicides, suggesting a unique mode of action. Mechanistic studies revealed that ZJS-178 targets myosin I in F. graminearum, inhibiting ATPase activity and disrupting endocytosis. Furthermore, ZJS-178 impairs toxisome formation, leading to reduced production of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). These findings position ZJS-178 as a promising antifungal agent that could pave the way for developing a novel fungicide to manage FHB and other Fusarium-related diseases.