bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investing in Youth Work: Learning from Complexity
Authors: Denissen Cunnien Kari 
Published: April 2017

This article proposes key elements for a system of support for youth workers to develop their professional skills and capabilities by using a human development approach. The article argues that narrowed and bureaucratic approaches to professional development can ignore the complex dynamics of human development that support engaged learning and continuous growth and improvement. The author suggests a more dynamic system where professional development in grounded by practice; employs reflection, mentorship and coaching; and supports healthy organizational culture to foster high quality youth work.
Ressources humaines : du mode hiérarchique au mode transversal et participatif, les bibliothèques sont-elles prêtes au changement ?
Authors: Accart Jean-Philippe 
Published: April 2017

À partir de trois études de cas (Bibliothèque nationale suisse, Faculté des sciences de l’Université de Genève, Bibliothèques et Archives de la Ville de Lausanne), il m’a été possible d’expérimenter trois manières de conduire des équipes et des projets de services, et donc des changements. Plusieurs constats peuvent en être tirés : le management participatif est bénéfique pour conduire des projets et des équipes vers le succès ; la démarche projet est un plus pour construire des équipes solides ; le leadership peut être partagé en se fondant sur la confiance réciproque. Dépendant fortement du contexte de travail, des compétences à disposition et des orientations stratégiques prises, le management par projet et le management transversal sont de réelles opportunités de développement pour les équipes.
Sevoflurane postconditioning protects the myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury via activation of the JAK2–STAT3 pathway
Authors: Wu Jianjiang , Yu Jin , Xie Peng , Maimaitili Yiliyaer , Wang Jiang , Yang Long , Ma Haiping , Zhang Xing , Yang Yining , Zheng Hong 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundSevoflurane postconditioning (S-post) has similar cardioprotective effects as ischemic preconditioning. However, the underlying mechanism of S-post has not been fully elucidated. Janus kinase signaling transduction/transcription activator (JAK2–STAT3) plays an important role in cardioprotection. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the cardioprotective effects of S-post are associated with activation of the JAK2–STAT3 signal pathway.MethodsAn adult male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was established using the Langendorff isolated heart perfusion apparatus. At the beginning of reperfusion, 2.4% sevoflurane alone or in combination with AG490 (a JAK2 selective inhibitor) was used as a postconditioning treatment. The cardiac function indicators, myocardial infarct size, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release, mitochondrial ultrastructure, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation rates, ATP content, protein expression of p-JAK, p-STAT3, Bcl-2 and Bax were measured.ResultsCompared with the I/R group, S-post significantly increased the expression of p-JAK, p-STAT3 and Bcl-2 and reduced the protein expression of Bax, which markedly decreased the myocardial infarction areas, improved the cardiac function indicators and the mitochondrial ultrastructure, decreased the mitochondrial ROS and increased the ATP content. However, the cardioprotective effects of S-post were abolished by treatment with a JAK2 selective inhibitor (p< 0.05).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the cardioprotective effects of S-post are associated with the activation of JAK2–STAT3. The mechanism may be related to an increased expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 after S-post, which reduced mitochondrial ROS generation and increased mitochondrial ATP content, thereby reducing apoptosis and myocardial infarct size.
Lagrangian scheme to model subgrid‐scale mixing and spreading in heterogeneous porous media
Authors: Herrera P. A. , Cortínez J. M. , Valocchi A. J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSmall‐scale heterogeneity of permeability controls spreading, dilution, and mixing of solute plumes at large scale. However, conventional numerical simulations of solute transport are unable to resolve scales of heterogeneity below the grid scale. We propose a Lagrangian numerical approach to implement closure models to account for subgrid‐scale spreading and mixing in Darcy‐scale numerical simulations of solute transport in mildly heterogeneous porous media. The novelty of the proposed approach is that it considers two different dispersion coefficients to account for advective spreading mechanisms and local‐scale dispersion. Using results of benchmark numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to model subgrid‐scale spreading and mixing provided there is a correct choice of block‐scale dispersion coefficient. We also demonstrate that for short travel times it is only possible to account for spreading or mixing using a single block‐scale dispersion coefficient. Moreover, we show that it is necessary to use time‐dependent dispersion coefficients to obtain correct mixing rates. On the contrary, for travel times that are large in comparison to the typical dispersive time scale, it is possible to use a single expression to compute the block‐dispersion coefficient, which is equal to the asymptotic limit of the block‐scale macrodispersion coefficient proposed by Rubin et al. (1999). Our approach provides a flexible and efficient way to model subgrid‐scale mixing in numerical models of large‐scale solute transport in heterogeneous aquifers. We expect that these findings will help to better understand the applicability of the advection‐dispersion‐equation (ADE) to simulate solute transport at the Darcy scale in heterogeneous porous media.
Multidecadal oceanographic changes in the western Pacific detected through high‐resolution bomb‐derived radiocarbon measurements on corals
Authors: Hirabayashi S. , Yokoyama Y. , Suzuki A. , Miyairi Y. , Aze T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHigh‐resolution measurements of radiocarbon (14C) in corals can be used to reconstruct past variability in ocean conditions. Here we report seasonal Δ14C changes in coral from Ishigaki Island, Japan, and compare with previously reported data from Palau and Guam. Our data clearly indicate a significant increase in Δ14C from 1947 to 1998 related to atmospheric nuclear bomb testing. The three early Δ14C spikes related to the atmospheric nuclear bomb tests in the US Proving Grounds at Bikini and Enewerak atoll conducted in 1954, 1956, and 1958 were detected from the Ishigaki coral. After 1976, variability in the Mindanao Dome region related to North Equatorial Current (NEC) bifurcation latitude migration affected the Δ14C difference between Palau and Guam, whereas the difference between Ishigaki and Guam was not correlated with the bifurcation latitude. The Δ14C difference between Ishigaki and Guam may be due to mesoscale eddies in the Kuroshio area. On the decadal scale, the northward shift of NEC bifurcation latitude after 1976, the year as known as Pacific Decadal Oscillation regime shift from negative to positive, was concurrent with the abundant westward‐propagating mesoscale eddies in the Subtropical Countercurrent region and stronger Kuroshio transport off the east Taiwan, which may be represented by a smaller Δ14C difference between Ishigaki and Guam after 1976.
Planarized and Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer: A Concept for Fluorophores Showing Two Independent Rotations in Excited State
Authors: Haberhauer Gebhard 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTICT (twisted intramolecular charge transfer) compounds are characterized by showing a rotation around a single bond in the excited state: starting from an almost planar geometry in the ground state, a twisted system is formed in the electronic excited state. The previously reported PLICT (planarized intramolecular charge transfer) compounds show inverse behavior: starting from a twisted geometry in the electronic ground state, a planarized system is formed in the excited state by rotation around a single bond. Here, a concept for planarized and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (PLATICT) states is presented which amalgamates both (TICT and PLICT) effects. Due to an intramolecular charge transfer, both a twisting around one single bond and a planarization around another one occurs. In sum, the PLATICT system shows two independent rotations around different axes in the excited state. By means of quantum chemical calculations (TD‐cam‐B3LYP and CC2) and experimental studies, it is demonstrated that N‐aryl‐substituted 1‐aminoindoles are able to form photoinduced PLATICT states. In the fluorescence spectra of N‐aryl‐substituted 1‐aminoindoles with a methoxycarbonyl or a cyano group as substituent in the aryl ring, very large Stokes shifts (ca. 18 000 cm−1; >250 nm) are observed. The two independent rotations in the excited state, the very large Stokes shifts and their easy availability starting from indoline, make them very attractive for use as optical switches and motors in various fields of chemistry.
Factors influencing the toxicity of Headline® fungicides to terrestrial stage toads
Authors: Cusaac J. Patrick W. , Mimbs William H. , Belden Jason B. , Smith Loren M. , McMurry Scott T. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Amphibians are susceptible to exposure from contaminants via multiple pathways. Pyraclostrobin fungicides have been shown to be toxic to terrestrial amphibians at environmentally relevant concentrations; however, these studies did not account for factors that may influence exposure and effects, such as fungicide formulation, age of the individual, exposure route, and physiological state of the individual. We examined Headline® and Headline AMP® fungicide toxicity to adult Anaxyrus cognatus and Anaxyrus woodhousii by direct overspray, as well as acute toxicity of Headline AMP to juvenile A. cognatus through direct overspray, previously exposed soils, and diet. We also assessed effects of hydration state on fungicide toxicity in juvenile A. cognatus and sublethal effects of fungicide exposure on prey-orientation ability of juvenile A. cognatus. Neither formulation of Headline caused mortality of adult A. cognatus and A. woodhousii at up to 5 times the maximum label rate in North American corn (1052 and 879 mL formulation/ha for Headline AMP and Headline fungicides, respectively, corresponding to 1.52 and 2.2 μg pyraclostrobin/cm2, respectively). Exposures of juvenile A. cognatus to Headline AMP via direct overspray and previously exposed soils (2 types) resulted in median lethal rate (LR50) values of 2.4, 3.34, and 3.61 μg pyraclostrobin/cm2, respectively. Dietary Headline AMP exposure was not toxic, prey-orientations were not influenced by exposure, and effects were similar between dehydrated and hydrated treatments (LR50 = 2.4 and 2.3 μg pyraclostrobin/cm2, respectively). These results, combined with exposure concentrations reported in previous studies, suggest that risk of acute mortality for amphibians in terrestrial environments is low and is dictated by body size and site-specific factors influencing exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2679–2688. © 2017 SETAC
Insights into BRCA1/2 Genetic Counseling from Ethnically Diverse Latina Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Rajpal Neha , Muñoz Juliana , Peshkin Beth N. , Graves Kristi D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDespite the disproportionate underuse of genetic counseling and testing for BRCA1/2 (BRCA)‐associated hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) risk among Latinas, little is known about the associated barriers and facilitators. We conducted in‐depth qualitative interviews with 20 at‐risk Latina women from diverse backgrounds. Eligible women were diagnosed with breast cancer <50 years, with or without a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer (>1 first‐degree relative diagnosed <50 years). All interviews were conducted in Spanish, audio recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. Two bilingual coders used thematic analyses to identify 7 main themes. Results revealed very low levels of awareness and knowledge about HBOC and BRCA genetic counseling. Interestingly, for most Latinas, competing life demands and cultural concerns (fatalismo and destino) did not strongly influence personal beliefs about genetic counseling. In addition, older women were equally as interested in education, cancer prevention, and BRCA genetic counseling as younger women. These findings suggest that Latinas, regardless of age, increasingly acknowledge and prioritize their own health. Women reported their main motivator to undergo counseling was concern about family members’ cancer risks. Main barriers included financial and insurance concerns, and lack of awareness about genetic services. Investigating the beliefs and attitudes of diverse populations of Latinas at risk for HBOC reveals logistical barriers to BRCA genetic counseling uptake within this under‐represented community. Efforts are needed to provide at‐risk Latina breast cancer survivors’ knowledge of and access to genetic counseling and testing based on risk status and Latinas’ increasing responsiveness and uptake of these services.
Effect of Fatty Acid Unsaturation on Phytosteryl Ester Degradation
Authors: Raczyk Marianna , Kmiecik Dominik , Przybylski Roman , Rudzińska Magdalena 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study examined the thermo‐oxidative degradation of stigmasterol fatty acids esters. Stigmasterol stearate, oleate, linoleate and linolenate were synthesized by chemical esterification and their purity evaluated by 1H‐NMR and GC–MS. The degradation of stigmasterol esters was examined after heating them at 60 and 180 °C for 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h. It was established that stigmasterol esters were prone to thermo‐oxidative degradation, with time and temperature affecting the degree of degradation. The unsaturation of fatty acids affected the rate of stigmasteryl ester degradation. The kinetics of StS and StO degradation were similar and the additional double bonds in StL and StLn resulted in their faster decomposition. The esters degraded faster at 180 than at 60 °C. The sterol and fatty acid molecules degraded at different rates, such that the fatty acid moiety deteriorated faster than the sterol at both temperatures, independent of the time of heating and the level of unsaturation.
Ancient shrinking spherical interfaces in the Allen–Cahn flow
Authors: Gkikas Konstantinos T. , del Pino Manuel 
Published: April 2017

We consider the parabolic Allen–Cahn equation in

\mathbb{R}^{n}

,

n \geq 2

,

u_{t} = \mathrm{\Delta }u + (1−u^{2})u\:\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^{n} \times (−\infty ,0].

We construct an ancient radially symmetric solution

u(x,t)

with any given number

k

of transition layers between

−1

and

+1

. At main order they consist of

k

time-traveling copies of

w

with spherical interfaces distant

O(\mathrm{\log }⁡|t|)

one to each other as

t\rightarrow −\infty

. These interfaces are resemble at main order copies of the
shrinking sphere
ancient solution to mean the flow by mean curvature of surfaces:

|x| = \sqrt{−2(n−1)t}

. More precisely, if

w(s)

denotes the heteroclinic 1-dimensional solution of

w^{″} + (1−w^{2})w = 0

w( \pm \infty ) = \pm 1

given by

w(s) = \mathrm{\tanh }⁡\left(\frac{s}{\sqrt{2}}\right)

we have

u(x,t) \approx \sum \limits_{j = 1}^{k}(−1)^{j−1}w(|x|−\rho _{j}(t))−\frac{1}{2}(1 + (−1)^{k})\:\text{ as }t\rightarrow −\infty

where

\rho _{j}(t) = \sqrt{−2(n−1)t} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(j−\frac{k + 1}{2}\right)\mathrm{\log }⁡\left(\frac{|t|}{\mathrm{\log }⁡|t|}\right) + O(1),\:j = 1,…,k.
Changes in metabolic risk factors over 10 years and their associations with late‐life cognitive performance: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Hughes Timothy M. , Craft Suzanne , Baker Laura D. , Espeland Mark A. , Rapp Stephen R. , Sink Kaycee M. , Bertoni Alain G. , Burke Gregory L. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Michos Erin D. , Luchsinger José A. , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Hayden Kathleen M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe examined whether changes in metabolic factors over 10 years were associated with cognitive performance.MethodsParticipants from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were followed since baseline (2000–2002) with five clinical examinations. At exam 5 (2010–2012), they received a short cognitive battery (Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument [CASI], Digit Symbol Coding [DSC], and Digit Span [DS]). We examined associations between baseline metabolic factors and their changes over time before cognitive testing.ResultsAmong 4392 participants, baseline metabolic disorders (fasting glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressures) were significantly associated with poorer CASI, DSC, and DS scores measured 10 years later. Increases in blood pressure were associated with lower cognitive performance. Results did not differ by race/ethnicity and were stronger among those without the APOE ε4 allele.ConclusionsCognitive performance was associated with antecedent abnormalities in glucose metabolism and blood pressure increases. Findings appeared stronger among APOE ε4‐negative participants.
Multidimensional assessment of challenging behaviors in advanced stages of dementia in nursing homes—The insideDEM framework
Authors: Teipel Stefan , Heine Christina , Hein Albert , Krüger Frank , Kutschke Andreas , Kernebeck Sven , Halek Margareta , Bader Sebastian , Kirste Thomas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionAssessment of challenging behaviors in dementia is important for intervention selection. Here, we describe the technical and experimental setup and the feasibility of long‐term multidimensional behavior assessment of people with dementia living in nursing homes.MethodsWe conducted 4 weeks of multimodal sensor assessment together with real‐time observation of 17 residents with moderate to very severe dementia in two nursing care units. Nursing staff received extensive training on device handling and measurement procedures. Behavior of a subsample of eight participants was further recorded by videotaping during 4 weeks during day hours. Sensors were mounted on the participants' wrist and ankle and measured motion, rotation, as well as surrounding loudness level, light level, and air pressure.ResultsParticipants were in moderate to severe stages of dementia. Almost 100% of participants exhibited relevant levels of challenging behaviors. Automated quality control detected 155 potential issues. But only 11% of the recordings have been influenced by noncompliance of the participants. Qualitative debriefing of staff members suggested that implementation of the technology and observation platform in the routine procedures of the nursing home units was feasible and identified a range of user‐ and hardware‐related implementation and handling challenges.DiscussionOur results indicate that high‐quality behavior data from real‐world environments can be made available for the development of intelligent assistive systems and that the problem of noncompliance seems to be manageable. Currently, we train machine‐learning algorithms to detect episodes of challenging behaviors in the recorded sensor data.
Penoscrotal Strangulation Caused by a Steel Ring: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Jiqing , Wang Xueming , Li Zhulin , Zhang Junhui , Zhang Xiaodong , Xing Nianzeng 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Strangulation of the penis and scrotum by a constricting object has been rarely reported.

Aim
To describe a man with penoscrotal strangulation caused by a steel ring and its successful removal.

Methods
A 28-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 7-hour history of a steel ring lodged at the base of his penis and scrotum. Removal was accomplished with the assistance of fire brigade personnel who used their hydraulic cable cutter to shear the ring. During the removal, there were no complications.

Results
The hydraulic cable cutter avoided thermal injury and shortened removal time compared with procedures described in the literature. The patient's recovery was uneventful, with erectile function restored after 1 week.

Conclusion
Genital incarceration is an urgent clinical situation requiring prompt treatment. However, suitable tools for removing the foreign object are not readily available in emergency and urology departments. Cooperation with other disciplines, even non-medical disciplines, can result in creative and timely measures for removal of the object.
The association between systemic lupus erythematosus and bipolar disorder – a big data analysis
Authors: Tiosano S. , Nir Z. , Gendelman O. , Comaneshter D. , Amital H. , Cohen A.D. , Amital D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune disease that has a wide variety of physical manifestations, including neuropsychiatric features. Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, episodic illness, that may present as depression or as mania. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between SLE and BD using big data analysis methods.Methods:Patients with SLE were compared with age- and sex-matched controls regarding the prevalence of BD in a cross-sectional study. Chi-square and t-tests were used for univariate analysis and a logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis, adjusting for confounders. The study was performed utilizing the chronic disease registry of Clalit Health Services medical database.Results:The study included 5018 SLE patients and 25,090 matched controls. BD was found in a higher prevalence among SLE patients compared to controls (0.62% vs. 0.26%, respectively, P < 0.001). BD patients had a greater prevalence of smokers compared to non-BD patients (62.5% vs 23.5%, respectively, P < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, smoking and SLE were both found to be significantly associated with BD.Conclusions:SLE was found to be independently associated with BD. These findings may imply that an autoimmune process affecting the central nervous system among SLE patients facilitates the expression of concomitant BD.
Vitamin Pharmacogenomics: New Insight into Individual Differences in Diseases and Drug Responses
Authors: He Hai-Yan , Liu Mou-Ze , Zhang Yue-Li , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Vitamins are vital to sustain normal physiological function, metabolism, and growth for all living organisms. Being an integral component of coenzyme, vitamins can affect the catalytic activities of many enzymes and the expression of drug transporters. Genetic variations in metabolism and/or transporter genes of drugs can influence the exposure of the human body to drugs and/or their active metabolites, thus contributing to the variations in drug responses and toxicities. Nonetheless, pharmacogenomics studies on nutrients have been rarely summarized. In this article, we reviewed recent progress on vitamin pharmacogenomics, for a better understanding on the influence of vitamin-related gene polymorphisms on inter-individual differences in diseases and drug efficacy and safety.