bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proof-of-concept study of a small language model chatbot for breast cancer decision support – a transparent, source-controlled, explainable and data-secure approach
Authors: Griewing Sebastian , Lechner Fabian , Gremke Niklas , Lukac Stefan , Janni Wolfgang , Wallwiener Markus , Wagner Uwe , Hirsch Martin , Kuhn Sebastian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Large language models (LLM) show potential for decision support in breast cancer care. Their use in clinical care is currently prohibited by lack of control over sources used for decision-making, explainability of the decision-making process and health data security issues. Recent development of Small Language Models (SLM) is discussed to address these challenges. This preclinical proof-of-concept study tailors an open-source SLM to the German breast cancer guideline (BC-SLM) to evaluate initial clinical accuracy and technical functionality in a preclinical simulation.

Methods
A multidisciplinary tumor board (MTB) is used as the gold-standard to assess the initial clinical accuracy in terms of concordance of the BC-SLM with MTB and comparing it to two publicly available LLM, ChatGPT3.5 and 4. The study includes 20 fictional patient profiles and recommendations for 5 treatment modalities, resulting in 100 binary treatment recommendations (recommended or not recommended). Statistical evaluation includes concordance with MTB in % including Cohen’s Kappa statistic (κ). Technical functionality is assessed qualitatively in terms of local hosting, adherence to the guideline and information retrieval.

Results
The overall concordance amounts to 86% for BC-SLM (κ = 0.721, p < 0.001), 90% for ChatGPT4 (κ = 0.820, p < 0.001) and 83% for ChatGPT3.5 (κ = 0.661, p < 0.001). Specific concordance for each treatment modality ranges from 65 to 100% for BC-SLM, 85–100% for ChatGPT4, and 55–95% for ChatGPT3.5. The BC-SLM is locally functional, adheres to the standards of the German breast cancer guideline and provides referenced sections for its decision-making.

Conclusion
The tailored BC-SLM shows initial clinical accuracy and technical functionality, with concordance to the MTB that is comparable to publicly-available LLMs like ChatGPT4 and 3.5. This serves as a proof-of-concept for adapting a SLM to an oncological disease and its guideline to address prevailing issues with LLM by ensuring decision transparency, explainability, source control, and data security, which represents a necessary step towards clinical validation and safe use of language models in clinical oncology.
The ASPECT hydrocephalus system: investigating clinical applicability and system utility
Authors: Toft N M , Pedersen S Hornshøj , Jensen T S R , Milan J Birch , Riedel C S , Agerlin N , Birkeland P , Hauerberg J , Larsen C C , Munch T N , Holst A Vedel , Juhler M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Hydrocephalus presents diagnostic and management challenges due to its heterogeneity. The ASPECT Hydrocephalus System, introduced in 2023, offers a comprehensive approach to describing patients with hydrocephalus. This study investigates the clinical applicability of the ASPECT Hydrocephalus System compared to the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) and demonstrates its utility.

Methods
Two hundred pediatric and adult patients with hydrocephalus treated at Copenhagen University Hospital between September 2019 and 2020 were described according to the ASPECT Hydrocephalus System. The latest brain imaging served as assessment point.

Results
Forty-seven percent of patients had more than one ICD-10 code assigned, and 40.5% of patients had an unspecific ICD-10 code as the most recent. It was possible to apply factor A (anatomy), S (symptomatology), P (previous interventions), C (complications) and T (time of onset) to all patients. Factor E (etiology) categorized 15% of patients as ‘unknown’. Combining factor A and S showed a similar incidence of acute high-pressure symptoms in patients with and without ventriculomegaly on imaging (39.7% vs 39.3%), demonstrating how symptoms and neuro-radiological findings do not necessarily correlate.

Conclusion
The ASPECT Hydrocephalus System’s applicability and utility were demonstrated in a large, diverse patient population. Except for ‘Etiology’, all factors could be applied to the entire population showing the system’s robustness. While limitations in ICD-10 may force clinicians to choose between clinical measures, the ASPECT Hydrocephalus System allows comprehensive patient characterization, potentially aiding in clinical decision-making and research. Its use depends on registration quality. Application in prospective cohorts is warranted to assure feasibility.
Prevalence and predictive parameters of external root resorption caused by retained wisdom teeth
Authors: Baensch Frederik , Meißner Wilhelm , Will Lena , Kunkel Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and severity of external root resorption (RR) caused by retained third molars (M3), to compare the sensitivity of panoramic radiography (PAN) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to determine predictive factors for root resorption.

Materials and methods
In a retrospective cross-sectional analysis, we included patients (N = 367) who underwent PAN and CBCT imaging between December 2017 and July 2019. Previous orthodontic treatment, age, gender, superimposition of second molars (M2) and M3 on PAN, retention depth, inclination angle and vertical level of contact with the M2 were used as predictor variables. The outcome variable was RR of the M2, graded according to Ericson et al. [1]. Subgroup analyses compared patients with and without suspected resorption in the PAN.

Results
While less than 5% of PANs suggested RR associated with M3, CBCT showed RR in 20% of all M2 with adjacent retained M3. The angle of inclination of M3, patient age and vertical level of molar contact emerged as predictive parameters, with mesial inclination, older age and deeper retention associated with increased severity of M2.

Conclusion
Within the limitations of our study, these data confirm the poor performance of PAN in the diagnosis of RR. CBCT may be helpful in detecting RR in mesioangulated and deeply retained M3 in elderly patients, even when PAN did not suggest pathology.

Clinical relevance
Our study may help to decide whether CBCT should be considered prior to M3 surgery.
Prevalence and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks from forest areas of Northern Poland
Authors: Adamska Małgorzata 
Published: October 2024

AbstractToxoplasma gondii occurs in a wide range of intermediate hosts, whose blood may be a meal for different tick species. A few studies have examined the role of ticks in the life cycle of T. gondii. This one includes the largest number and all stages of Ixodes ricinus collected from the widest area, covering seven recreational localities within a forest biotope in Northern Poland. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of T. gondii DNA in 2144 collected questing ticks to establish whether they may be involved in T. gondii life cycle. The additional goal was to genotype the detected T. gondii, as knowledge about its genotypes occurring in European ticks is insufficient. A further purpose was to detect coinfection with T. gondii and Borreliaceae in the collected ticks, as all of them have previously been tested for the presence of bacteria DNA. Nested PCR and sequencing of the obtained B1 gene fragment were conducted. T. gondii DNA was detected in 0.9% of all ticks (1.1% of nymphs and 0.7% of larvae). The presence of T. gondii in unfed larvae and nymphs may indicate the possibility of its vertical transmission. The prevalence of T. gondii DNA in ticks collected from individual sites was focal (0-4.3%) and seems to depend on local climatic conditions. Among all examined ticks, 0.3% were coinfected with T. gondii and Borreliella spp., vs. 0.6% of specimens with a single T. gondii infection. The obtained B1 sequences showed the greatest similarity (99.71–100%) to the sequence representing type III.
Managing waste packaging for a sustainable future: a strategic and efficiency analysis in the European context
Authors: Barca Adele , D’Adamo Idiano , Gastaldi Massimo , Leal Filho Walter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe management of package waste has become a critical concern in pursuing sustainable development, particularly within the European context, where environmental regulations and sustainability goals are stringent. This paper presents a comprehensive strategic and efficiency analysis of waste packaging management across Europe, examining current practices, policies, and technological innovations in a sample of countries. The work identifies critical challenges and opportunities in the sector using Data Envelopment Analysis and Multicriteria decision analysis. Our findings reveal significant variations in the efficiency and effectiveness of waste packaging management practices among European countries, influenced by differing policy frameworks, recycling infrastructures, and public awareness levels. Sweden and Luxembourg excel in the sustainable and technical model for recycling, while Austria prevails for recovery in both. The strategic vision suggests an emphasis on green premium, and the most sustainable alternatives are those marked by natural fibres and respect for human conditions. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and communities to enhance waste packaging management efficiency. These include policy harmonisation at the EU level, investment in innovative recycling technologies, and fostering public–private partnerships to drive systemic change. By adopting these strategies, Europe can move closer to achieving its sustainability targets, reducing environmental impact, and promoting a circular economy. So, the implications of this paper are both strategic and political. The former is related to identifying the best strategy related to packaging waste, and the latter is to uniform the efficiency of waste packaging management in Europe.
Production of Domain 9 from the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor fused with an Fc domain
Authors: Tang Yu-He , Liu Yi-Shi , Fujita Morihisa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are genetic disorders caused by mutations in lysosomal enzymes, lysosomal membrane proteins or genes related to intracellular transport that result in impaired lysosomal function. Currently, the primary treatment for several LSDs is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), which involves intravenous administration of the deficient lysosomal enzymes to ameliorate symptoms. The efficacy of ERT largely depends on the mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) modification of the N-glycans associated with the enzyme, as M6P is a marker for the recognition and trafficking of lysosomal enzymes. In cells, N-glycan processing and M6P modification occur in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. This is a complex process involving multiple enzymes. In the trans-Golgi network (TGN), M6P-modified enzymes are recognized by the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CIMPR) and transported to the lysosome to exert their activities. In this study, we used the 9th domain of CIMPR, which exhibits a high affinity for M6P binding, and fused it with the Fc domain of human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1). The resulting fusion protein specifically binds to M6P-modified proteins. This provides a tool for the rapid detection and concentration of M6P-containing recombinant enzymes to assess the effectiveness of ERT. The advantages of this approach include its high specificity and sensitivity and may lead to the development of new treatments for LSDs.
‘Helping academics shine’: An exploration into the relationships working-class professional services staff have with others in UK higher education
Authors: Pilgrim-Brown Jess 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDrawing on research interviews with thirteen self-identifying working-class professional services employees in Russell Group institutions, this article attempts to develop a nuanced approach to understanding institutional cultures in UK universities, through the relationships within these establishments. Throughout the study, the tensions between working-class professional services or administrative staff and their counterparts working on academic trajectories became clear. Often highly qualified themselves, the participants in this study describe feelings relating to inadequacy and often negative attitudes proliferated towards them by academic staff. These relationships are framed within the perspective of three themes: academic hierarchies and superior academic value, treatment of staff, and language codes and patterns. In contrast, the participants in this sample often describe their relationships with their networks in professional services as highly positive, developmental, and enriching. This study focused on working-class professional services staff specifically. In the field of working-class research, professional services staff from working-class backgrounds have currently been largely omitted from research, which tends to focus on working-class students and working-class academics. Not all professional services staff identify as working-class, but due to this deficit of evidence in the research field, it is this group in particular that this paper focuses on. The findings in this paper suggest that the relationships these professional services staff have with academics are often fraught, difficult to manage, and at times, derogatory in their nature. This finding comes at the juxtaposition of the wider inclusion agenda UK universities pursue.
Nanostructured bismuth phosphate-based asymmetric supercapacitor: electrochemical evaluation and oscillator application
Authors: Kumari Pooja , Ghosh Sarit K. , Perla Venkata K. , Saha Chandan , Singh Harishchandra , Mallick Kaushik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhosphate-based materials have received significant attention for various applications. In supercapacitors, metal phosphates exhibit high capacitance and superior rate performance. In this work, a wet chemical route was applied for the fabrication of aniline stabilized monoclinic bismuth phosphate (BPO) particles within the size range of 4–10 nm. The synthesized material was utilized as an active component for the application of a supercapacitor. The performances of the material were examined on a nickel foam for a three-electrode electrochemical cell. The material showed the maximum specific capacitance ($${C}_{SP}$$

C

SP

) value of 255 F.g−1 at the current density (CD) of 2 A.g−1. Further, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device was fabricated with BPO and single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) as negative and positive electrodes, respectively, which delivered a specific capacity $$(Qs)$$

(
Q
s
)

value of 1462 mAh.g−1 under the CD of 0.4 A.g−1 with the energy density (ED) and power density (PD) values of 2.2 Wh.kg−1 and 0.68 kW.kg−1, respectively. The device exhibited capacity retention and coulombic efficiency (CE) values of 84 and 95% at 0.9 A.g−1 for 10,000 galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) cycles. The ASC device generated a low-frequency waveform and has the potential to function as an oscillator.
Assessing the Feasibility of Integrating the Lethality Assessment Program into the Los Angeles Domestic Abuse Response Team
Authors: Wagman Jennifer A. , Nguyen Grace , Marvel Daphne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The Lethality Assessment Program (LAP) Maryland Model is an evidence-based intervention designed to prevent intimate partner homicide. It includes the lethality assessment screen, a tool used by field practitioners to assess a victim-survivor’s risk of being killed by their partner, and a referral process linking victim-survivors to community-based domestic violence services. This study aimed to evaluate the LAP's alignment with the needs of Los Angeles and its potential integration into the Los Angeles Domestic Abuse Response Team (DART) Program, which operates in all 21 divisions of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD).

Methods
Between January and May 2021, we conducted qualitative interviews with 15 law enforcement officers, domestic violence service providers, and other stakeholders involved with DART to gather information for tailoring the LAP intervention for pilot implementation in three LAPD divisions.

Results
Participants were positive about the LAP and its integration into the DART program but identified several gaps, such as limited staff, resources, and training. Despite these concerns, there was widespread agreement that the LAP aligned with existing DART operations, with an emphasis on the importance of obtaining buy-in from non-DART LAPD personnel.

Conclusions
Results suggest that it will be feasible to pilot test the LAP in Los Angeles. These efforts should include fact-based education for officers on the rationale and factors behind the screening procedures to improve acceptance and implementation of evidence-based practices.
The role of competition on equity crowdfunding
Authors: Correia Sandra , Sousa Miguel , Brandão Elísio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOur study investigates competition’s impact on ECF campaigns, analyzing 37,201 daily observations from 1081 campaigns. While we found that the number of competing campaigns does not significantly influence the likelihood of funding, our daily analysis reveals its effect on campaign performance, impacting investors participation and funds raised. Additionally, more competitors reduce final number of investors. Furthermore, blockbuster projects from other industries have an adverse cannibalization effect, lowering campaign success probability. These findings emphasize the role of the competitive landscape in guiding entrepreneurs’ strategic decisions to improve the prospects of ECF campaigns success.
Harnessing SWCNT absorber based efficient CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells
Authors: Elewa Shorok , Yousif Bedir , Areed Nihal F. F. , Abo-Elsoud Mohy Eldin A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of incorporating a single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) layer into the perovskite solar cell (PSC) structure as an effective technique to boost energy harvesting. The proposed PSC structure utilizes the SWCNTs layer underneath the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite layer as an absorbing layer forming a novel design of (ITO/SnO2/CH3NH3PbI3/SWCNTs/NiOx/C) half tandem PSC structure. The suggested PSC structure is numerically analyzed using finite element method (FEM). The effects of varying thickness and doping concentration of the added layer and the material of rear electrode are investigated to maximize the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the suggested PSC. Results of the 3D opto-electrical study and the energy bandgap analysis confirm that utilizing a 680 nm SWCNTs layer with doping concentration of 1.1 × 1020 cm-3 beneath a 150 nm perovskite layer enhances the PCE and short circuit current density (JSC) to $$25.6\%$$

25.6
%

and $$31.201 mA/{cm}^{2}$$

31.201
m
A
/

cm

2

, respectively due to the improving of the PSC absorption by $$27.65\%$$

27.65
%

. Higher performance of the proposed PSC has been achieved by using gold (Au) electrode instead of carbon (C) one, causing total enhancement of PCE and JSC of $$6.185\%$$

6.185
%

and $$9.18\;mA/cm^{2}$$

9.18

m
A
/
c

m
2

, respectively over their values for (ITO/SnO2/CH3NH3PbI3/P3HT/NiOx/C) structure reported in previously published literature. The proposed design can be considered as an efficient alternative to the conventional PSC owing to its higher performance and reduced toxicity.
On-farm experimentation of precision agriculture for differential seed and fertilizer management in semi-arid rainfed zones
Authors: Videgain M. , Martínez-Casasnovas J. A. , Vigo-Morancho A. , Vidal M. , García-Ramos F. J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
This study explores the integration of precision agriculture technologies (PATs) in rainfed cereal production within semi-arid regions.

Methods
utilizing the Veris 3100 sensor for apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) mapping, differentiated management zones (MZs) were established in experimental plots in Valsalada, NE Spain. Site-specific variable dose technology was applied for seed and fertilizer applications, tailoring inputs to distinct fertility levels within each MZ. Emphasizing nitrogen (N) management, the study evaluated the impact of variable-rate applications on crop growth, yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and economic returns. For the 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 seasons, seeding rates ranged from 350 to 450 grains/m2, and basal fertilizer dosages varied between high and low levels. Additionally, the total nitrogen units were distributed differently between the two seasons, while maintaining a uniform topdressing fertilizer dose across all treatments.

Results
Results revealed a significant increase in yield in MZ 2 (higher fertility) compared to MZ 1 (lower fertility). NUE demonstrated notable improvement in MZ 2, emphasizing the effectiveness of variable-rate N applications. Economic returns, calculated as partial net income, showed a considerable advantage in MZ 2 over MZ 1, resulting in negative outcomes for low-fertility areas in several of the analyzed scenarios, and highlighting the financial benefits of tailored input management.

Conclusion
This research provides quantitative evidence supporting the viability and advantages of adopting PATs in rainfed cereal production. The study contributes valuable insights into optimizing input strategies, enhancing N management, and improving economic returns in semi-arid regions.
Professional reintegration of stroke survivors and their mental health, quality of life and community integration
Authors: Matos Joana , Henriques Ana , Moura Ana , Alves Elisabete 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the association between professional reintegration and mental health, quality of life (QoL) and community reintegration of stroke survivors.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional study design, a structured questionnaire was administered to previously working stroke survivors, 18–24 months post-stroke. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, professional reintegration (prevalence of return to work (RTW), period of RTW, job placement, function at work, reintegration support, association of stroke with work and number of working hours), mental health (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire), QoL (Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale) and community integration (Community Integration Questionnaire) were reported by 553 stroke survivors.

Results
Twenty months after stroke, 313 (56.6%; 95%CI 52.4–60.8) stroke survivors had return to work. RTW was positively associated with both global and sub-domains scores of Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) (global CIQ β = 3.50; 95%CI 3.30–3.79) and with depressive symptomatology (β = 0.63; 95%CI 0.20–1.46) measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. No significant differences were found regarding QoL, according to RTW status. For those who RTW, no significant associations were found between any of the professional reintegration determinants assessed and mental health, QoL and community integration scores.

Conclusions
RTW seems to be associated to better community integration after stroke, but appears to be negatively associated to stroke survivor’s mental health, namely considering depression symptoms. Future studies should explore the barriers to stroke survivors’ RTW and the challenges and strategies used to overcome them, to allow the development of professional reintegration policies.