bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing portals and their communication of health risk and test limitations
Authors: Lee Nicole M. , VanDyke Matthew S. , Abitbol Alan , Wallace Kaylynne , Meneses Christina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDirect‐to‐consumer (DTC) genetic testing has become incredibly popular for assessing health risk related to specific diseases. However, how this risk is conveyed and whether the limitations of the tests are fully communicated can impact how customers interpret results. Through a qualitative content analysis of three different DTC genetic testing online portals, we examine how companies communicate relative and absolute health risks, the extent to which limitations are communicated, and how this information is presented. Findings suggest that relative risk was more prominently communicated than absolute risk and that it was used to organize and prioritize results. Further, risk information was often communicated using statistical terms and concepts that may not be accessible to all users. Test limitations that were communicated included the inability to diagnose a disease, the importance of lifestyle factors, and that the tests do not account for all genetic variants. Although companies included this information, it was not visually prominent.
Environmental protection versus economic growth: Determinants of individual preference
Authors: Castro Andressa Porto , de Mattos Ely José 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe choice between protecting the environment and accelerating economic growth is conditioned by factors pertaining to individual and to political and economic dimensions. This study aims to investigate how those factors influence the preference for environmental protection rather than for economic growth. The findings obtained suggest that a favourable political and economic environment increases the chance of choosing environmental protection. The populations of countries with a higher GDP per capita and a well‐established democratic regime are more likely to protect the environment. Likewise, women, young people and more educated people are the demographic groups most likely to choose environmental protection.
The Ovary Structure in Terrestrial Parasitengona Mites: The Case of Trombidiidae (Acariformes: Parasitengona)
Authors: Derdak Anna , Jędrzejowska Izabela , Mąkol Joanna 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSpecies of mites (Chelicerata: Arachnida) show a great variety of structures of the female gonads. In both evolutionary lines, Acariformes and Parasitiformes, the panoistic ovary, in which all germline cysts differentiate into oocytes, and the meroistic ovary, in which the oocytes grow supported by the nurse cells, have been documented. A less pronounced variation in the gonad structure could be expected at lower systematic levels, hence, we ask about the degree of differences within the family that is subordinate to Acariformes and represents the cohort Parasitengona. Based on the members of Trombidiidae (Acariformes: Trombidiformes, Parasitengona, Trombidioidea), we test the hypothesis that the general ovary type is constant at the family level. Our previous research on the female gonad in Allothrombium fuliginosum revealed that the meroistic ovary occurs in these mites. Here, we proceed with a detailed insight into the ovary structure in A. fuliginosum and examine the structure of the female gonad in other members of Trombidiidae, focusing on the following representatives of its nominotypical genus Trombidium: Trombidium brevimanum, Trombidium holosericeum, Trombidium heterotrichum, and Trombidium latum. For all species, studied with light, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy, we could confirm the presence of the meroistic ovary that is highly similar with respect to general architecture. The germline cysts show similarities in general morphology and the mode of germline cell differentiation; they consist of a few nurse cells and one oocyte. The connection between the nurse cells and oocytes is maintained by trophic cords that serve for the transport of organelles and macromolecules. Our results confirm the constancy of the structure of the female gonad at the intrageneric level and provide further support for the hypothesis on the lack of differences at the intrafamily level.
Capsule release surgery temporarily reduces contracture in a rat elbow model of arthrofibrosis
Authors: Scholp Austin J. , Jensen Jordan A. , Fowler Timothy P. , Petersen Emily , Fredericks Douglas , Salem Aliasger K. , Seol Dongrim , Coleman Mitchell , Lake Spencer P. , Martin James A. , Sander Edward A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElbow trauma can lead to joint contracture and reduced range of motion (ROM). Nonsurgical interventions can improve ROM, but in some cases capsule release surgery is required. Although surgery can improve ROM, it often does not restore full ROM. Thus, alternatives are needed. One approach is to target activated myofibroblasts, which are commonly associated with fibrotic tissue. Mechanical and biochemical cues drive a feedback loop that can result in normal or pathological healing. We hypothesize that this feedback loop exists in joint contracture and can be manipulated so that myofibroblast activity is reduced, normal healing is achieved, and ROM is improved. We previously demonstrated that blebbistatin can inhibit myofibroblast contractile forces and reduce collagen synthesis in vitro. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the use of blebbistatin in an animal model of elbow contracture, which was induced in 7 groups of 4 rats each (n = 28). All elbows were mechanically and histologically tested. The uninjured contralateral elbows of each rat were used as a control group. Capsule release surgery significantly improved (p < 0.01) outcomes 1 week after surgery compared to injury alone and was not significantly different from uninjured elbows. Three weeks after surgery, outcomes worsened, indicating joint stiffening consistent with what is observed clinically. The addition of blebbistatin did not significantly improve outcomes. Future work will investigate relationships among treatment, fibrotic tissue deposition, myofibroblast activity, and biomechanics to determine if blebbistatin is a useful adjunctive therapy for treating joint contracture.
Evaluation of biocompatibility and osseointegration of multi‐component TiAl6V4 titanium alloy implants
Authors: Jacobs Zaina , Schipani Rossana , Pastrama Maria , Ahmadi Seyed Mohammad , Sajadi Banafsheh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the biocompatibility and osseointegration of novel titanium (Ti) implants with a perforated part with high surface roughness (Ra >4 μm) and a smooth solid part (test group), as compared to smooth solid Ti implants (control group; Ra < 0.8 μm). Test and control implants were implanted in rabbit femurs. After 4 and 15 weeks, host tissue reaction and quality of tissue formed were evaluated with histopathology, while micro‐CT scans were used to quantitatively assess bone–implant contact (BIC), surrounding bone formation, and bone ingrowth.After 4 and 15 weeks, minimal host reaction was found in the test group. Histopathological analysis showed new bone formation around the implants in both the test and control groups after 4 weeks. Furthermore, additional bone growth was often observed within the holes of the test implants. After 15 weeks, the test implants showed high bone ingrowth and the presence of mature bone in direct contact with the implant surface, whereas, bone ingrowth was poorer for the control group with 30% of the control implants, showing larger gaps at the bone–implant interface. Quantitative micro‐CT analysis revealed comparable BIC and bone formation in both groups at 4 weeks, but higher BIC and more bone formation in the test group than in the control group after 15 weeks. No significant differences were observed in any of the analyses. In conclusion, partially perforated, high‐roughness Ti implants showed excellent osseointegration and minimal host reaction, indicating their potential for orthopedic applications in bone repair and regeneration.
Medical researchers' perception of sharing of metadata from case report forms
Authors: Meidt Alexandra , Walter Carolin , Lehmann Christoph U. , Dugas Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionPublishing medical metadata stored in case report forms (CRFs) is a prerequisite for the development of a learning health system (LHS) by fostering reuse of metadata and standardization in health research. The aim of our study was to investigate medical researchers' (MRs) willingness to share CRFs, to identify reasons for and against CRF sharing, and to determine if and under which conditions MRs might consider sharing CRF metadata via a public registry.MethodsWe examined CRF data sharing commitments for 1842 interventional trials registered on the German Clinical Trials Registry (DRKS) from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. We invited 1360 individuals registered as contacts on DRKS to participate in a web‐based survey between May 10, 2022, and June 30, 2022.ResultsOnly 0.3% (5/1842) of data sharing commitments in DRKS included a plan to share blank CRFs. Survey results showed high support for CRF sharing. More than 70% of respondents (223/301) were willing to share their CRFs, and 83.7% (252/301) were interested in CRF reuse. The most frequently reported reason for CRF sharing was improvement of comparability and interpretability of patient data (244/301; 81.0%). The most frequently reported reason against CRF sharing was missing approval by the sponsor (160/301; 53.2%). Researchers conducting commercial trials were significantly less likely to share CRFs than those conducting noncommercial trials (63.3% vs. 76.2%, OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.32–0.92) and they were less likely to reuse CRFs (78.5% vs. 84.6%, OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.35–1.24). The most frequently mentioned prerequisite for publication of CRFs in a public registry was its trustworthiness (244/301, 81.1%).ConclusionData sharing commitments in DRKS revealed a low awareness of CRF sharing. Survey results showed generally strong support for CRF sharing, including the willingness to publish CRFs in a public registry, although legal and practical barriers were identified.
Anti‐synthetase syndrome complicated by multifocal tuberculosis: A thought‐provoking differential diagnosis with tumors
Authors: Dai Chang , Jiang Yu , Lin Weidong , Chen Yuhan , Liu Fangzhou , Deng Hai , Chen Yanlin , Chen Haowei , Wang Jieying , Lei Yunxia , Wu Shulin , Xue Yumei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis, which mainly affects the lungs but can also invade other systems, presents a diagnostic challenge when co‐existing with autoimmune disease. We report a case of 31‐year‐old Asian woman with anti‐synthetase syndrome who developed abdominal and subcutaneous lumps during treatment, along with elevated tumor markers, raising suspicion of malignancy. Pathological examination revealed M. tuberculosis infection, changing the diagnosis to multifocal extrapulmonary tuberculosis. This case highlights the need for prompt and detailed evaluations, and the importance of broad differential diagnosis.
Prognostic significance of ratio of positive lymph nodes in patients with operable major salivary ductal carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Di , Li Lixi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMajor salivary duct carcinomas (MSDCs) often involve the regional lymph nodes (LNs). However, the clinical value of LN parameters in patients with MSDCs is unclear. We aimed to investigate the optimal cut‐off points for number of positive LNs (PLNN) and ratio of positive LNs (PLNRs) and their prognostic value in patients with MSDC.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed relevant data extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database on patients with MSDC who had undergone surgery between 2004 and 2016. The optimal PLNN and positive lymph node ratio (PLNR) cut‐off points were identified using the X‐tile program. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine prognostic factors.ResultsOverall, 290 patients were enrolled, 57.6% of whom had LN metastases. Advanced T stage in the submandibular gland and unpaired lesions were associated with LN involvement. Positive LNs, late T stage, and submandibular gland location were associated with poor overall survival (OS). The 5‐year OS rates of patients with negative and positive LNs were 74.3% and 36.5%, respectively. PLNN > 16 and PLNR > 0.48 were the best cut‐off points. The 5‐year OS of patients with PLNN ≤ 16 and PLNN > 16 was 42.8% and 15.4%, respectively. The 5‐year OS rates were 46.8% for patients with PLNR ≤ 0.48 and 26.3% for patients with PLNR > 0.48. PLNR was a strong prognostic factor for patients with MSDC with LN metastases.ConclusionsPLNR reflects both the effects of LN dissection and PLNN. Furthermore, its prognostic value in patients with MSDC exceeds that of PLNN. Patients with high PLNRs should be followed closely after surgery.
Oral microbiome in human health and diseases
Authors: Tian Siqi , Ding Tao , Li Hui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe oral cavity contains the second‐largest microbiota in the human body. The cavity's anatomically and physiologically diverse niches facilitate a wide range of symbiotic bacteria living at distinct oral sites. Consequently, the oral microbiota exhibits site specificity, with diverse species, compositions, and structures influenced by specific aspects of their placement. Variations in oral microbiota structure caused by changes in these influencing factors can impact overall health and lead to the development of diseases—not only in the oral cavity but also in organs distal to the mouth—such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease. Conversely, diseases can exacerbate the imbalance of the oral microbiota, creating a vicious cycle. Understanding the heterogeneity of both the oral microbiome and individual humans is important for investigating the causal links between the oral microbiome and diseases. Additionally, understanding the intricacies of the oral microbiome's composition and regulatory factors will help identify the potential causes of related diseases and develop interventions to prevent and treat illnesses in this domain. Therefore, turning to the extant research in this field, we systematically review the relationship between oral microbiome dynamics and human diseases.
Perchlorate‐tolerant bacterial strains isolated from the Mars‐analog Qaidam Basin soils exposed to Earth's near space
Authors: Liu Li , Kang Mengling , Wang Zhe , Shen Jianxun , Pan Yongxin , Lin Wei 
Published: September 2024

Impact statementEarth's lower near space of 20–40 km above sea level with polyextreme conditions serves as a unique Mars analog for astrobiological research to investigate the limits of life on Earth and planetary protection considerations for Mars exploration. In this study, we exposed Mars‐like desert regolith to near space at a float altitude of ~35 km and isolated four bacterial strains after exposure. In addition to stress tolerance to extreme environmental stressors, these strains represent a remarkable tolerance to perchlorate that is widespread in present‐day Martian soils. These extremophilic bacterial strains screened through near‐space exposure could serve as promising candidates for future astrobiological research in space stations or in laboratory‐based planetary simulation environments.
Synthesis of human isotopic data (8000–5000 BP) reveals subsistence strategies and social complexity at the southeast edge of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Lei Sha , Hu Yaowu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe southeast edge of the Loess Plateau (SELP) is a crucial area for studying subsistence strategies and social complexity in prehistoric China. Currently, no systematic isotopic study has been conducted to reveal shifts in subsistence strategies and their link to the trajectory of social complexity. This paper compiles previously published isotopic data from human and fauna bones at 24 sites dating from 8000 to 5000 BP, aiming to uncover diachronic changes in subsistence strategies and their relationship with social complexity. The results indicate a gradual increase in millet consumption by humans and an increasing utilization of millet‐based byproducts as feed for domestic animals (pigs and dogs) over time. The isotopic data of humans and animals demonstrate the establishment of millet agriculture during the Early Yangshao period (7000–6000 BP). Millet agriculture creates a crucial material foundation for population growth and cultural prosperity. Two modes of millet cultivation, intensive and extensive, are proposed to explain the continuous development of millet agriculture since the Early Yangshao period. Finally, significant dietary heterogeneity among the human population during the Late Yangshao period strongly suggests the emergence of social differentiation and complexity, supported by other archaeological evidence such as settlement hierarchies and the presence of exquisite objects in burials.
Effects of varying mixing ratios of components A and B on optical liquid silicone rubber
Authors: Mayer Dennis , Heienbrock Simon J. , Weißer Dennis F. , Deckert Matthias H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe processing of optical liquid silicone rubber (LSR) formulations is associated with significant quality issues and high rejection rates. Often, the quality issues can be attributed to deviations in LSR dosing. To address these issues, specific mixing ratios of components A and B that deviate from the standard 1:1 ratio were intentionally created. These mixtures were characterized via differential scanning calorimetry, rheometer, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The mixtures were then processed via injection molding and mechanical properties such as shrinkage, density, hardness, and tensile properties were determined and analyzed. The results show that deviating mixing ratios for optical LSR have a significant influence on processing in terms of shifts in cross‐linking temperature and exothermic energy released, viscosity, and cavity pressure, as well as on the final component properties in terms of varying shrinkage, density, hardness, tensile strength, and elongation at break. This study shows that even small deviations have a major influence and should therefore be avoided. The requirements for the accuracy of the dosing system with regard to the mixing ratio must therefore be very high. In practice, such deviations in the mixing ratios are most likely to be detected in geometry via shrinkage, hardness, or tensile properties.Highlights
More component A leads to faster but less dense cross‐linking
Component B can be characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy via Si–H bending band at 905 cm−1.
More component B leads to higher shrinkage, density, hardness, and strength.
Deviations in the mixing ratio must be avoided as they lead to drastic changes.
A general shift of the mixing ratio in favor of component B is less dramatic.
Development of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS)/natural fiber composite filaments for innovative 3D and 4D printing
Authors: Agrawal Pankaj , Lima Priscila de Andrade , da Cunha Rafael Braga , Cavalcanti Shirley Nóbrega , Filho Válmer Azevedo de Sousa , Bonfim Ryan Lucas Pereira , Brito Gustavo de Figueiredo , Cunha Carlos Thiago Candido , de Mélo Tomás Jeferson Alves 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFruit wastes from the agro‐industry may be used in the preparation of polymer/natural fiber composites. In the current scenario, there is a growing need for sustainable materials that can reduce environmental impact while maintaining or enhancing material properties. One promising approach is the incorporation of natural fibers derived from fruit waste into polymers, which aligns with the global push toward eco‐friendly and circular economy solutions. This work was aimed at the development of filaments of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS)/natural fiber composites for 3D and 4D printing. The fibers used were banana (BAN) peel, orange (ORG) peel, cinnamon (CIN), and neem (NEEM) leaf fibers. The rheological, mechanical, and shape memory properties of the ABS/BAN and ABS/ORG composites were compared with those of the ABS/CIN and ABS/NEEM composites. A slight decrease in viscosity was observed with the addition of the natural fibers to ABS. The ABS/ORG composites showed the highest mechanical properties and good adhesion between the printed layers. The particulate eco‐friendly natural fibers can also be used as pigments, where different types of colors can be obtained. The ABS/natural fiber composites can be processed at the same processing conditions as ABS. The incorporation of natural fibers significantly increased the shape memory result. The use of ABS/natural fiber composites proved to be feasible for preparing the filaments and 3D/4D printing of objects.Highlights
The properties of 3D/4D‐printed ABS/natural fiber composites were investigated.
Banana and orange peel, cinnamon, and neem leaf fibers were used.
Filaments of ABS/natural fiber composites were successfully obtained.
The addition of the fibers to ABS decreased the viscosity and increased shape memory.
Among the composites, ABS/orange peel showed the highest mechanical properties.
High efficacy and safety of direct‐acting antivirals for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: A cohort study conducted in Vietnam
Authors: Vo Thong Duy , Bui Van Thi Thu , Lam Huong Tu , Bui Quynh Thi Huong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDirect‐acting antivirals (DAAs) have revolutionized hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment through their high cure rates and improved safety profiles. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety, and identify the optimal combination, of DAAs for the treatment of chronic HCV. A retrospective study was conducted of 613 patients with chronic HCV who were treated with DAAs. Demographic, HCV genotype, treatment regimen, virological response, and adverse drug event (ADE) data were collected at the initial visit and 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks later. The rapid virologic response (RVR) and sustained virologic response (SVR) rates were 90.4% and 97.8% for HCV genotype 1, 89.2% and 98.7% for genotype 6, 92.8% and 99% for genotype 2, and 90.9% and 100% for mixed genotype 2/6 or unspecified genotypes, respectively. There were no significant differences in the RVR and SVR rates for the various DAA regimens. The mean ALT, AST, and GGT activities decreased, and the PLT count increased during the treatments. ADEs occurred in 8% of the patients. The commonest ADEs were itching (3.1%), fatigue (1.8%), and dizziness (1.1%). None of the patients discontinued treatment because of an ADE. Posttreatment disease progression occurred in 7.7% of the patients, including liver fibrosis (3.6%), cirrhosis (1.1%), hepatocellular carcinoma (1.1%), and high alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) (1%). The factors associated with the achievement of RVR were low viral load, the use of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir or sofosbuvir/daclatasvir regimens, and a treatment duration of 12 weeks. No specific factors were found to be associated with the achievement of SVR. Posttreatment disease progression was associated with a high AFP and the use of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir. Thus, DAAs are highly effective and well‐tolerated means of treating chronic HCV, and significantly improve patient outcomes. Their high efficacy and favorable safety profiles highlight the importance of early diagnosis and the use of personalized treatment strategies.