bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A family matter – when a parent is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. A qualitative study
Authors: Boström Katrin , Nilsagård Ylva 
Published: February 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim was to explore and describe from a triple perspective – that of the ill parent, the healthy parent and the children – experienced issues that are important to acknowledge and act upon to make it easier for a child to cope when a parent is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.BackgroundA chronic disease affects the whole family and has a substantial impact on the children. Traditionally, the focus is on the patient, and communication with other family members is not generally integrated into health care. Health care professionals need to be aware of a child's needs when a parent is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.DesignA qualitative design using content analysis with an inductive approach was used.MethodsNine focus group interviews were conducted with the ill parents, the healthy parents and the children separately.ResultsParticipants jointly indicated that family members need to be recognised, both initially and onwards in their everyday lives. Seven categories were defined: Prerequisites within the families, Initial reactions, Trying to adapt and manage, Developing strategies, Everyday life, Thoughts about the future and Support from health care providers. Together they constituted the theme that multiple sclerosis is a family matter. Both ill and healthy parents wished for support from health care professionals in addressing their children's needs.ConclusionsHealth care professionals need to pay attention to children as a parent's illness affects them. Not only the children would benefit, but so would their parents, as their worries for their children would be reduced.Relevance to clinical practiceStaff can be advised to pay attention to the parenting role, how the parenting role and parent–child relationship may change as a result of a chronic disease. Parents may need reassurance and benefit from advice about how to talk to their children about their condition and its impact.
Liver innate immune cells and insulin resistance: the multiple facets of Kupffer cells
Authors: Jager J. , Aparicio‐Vergara M. , Aouadi M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObesity, which affects 600 million adults worldwide, is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance. Current therapies for these metabolic disorders include weight management by lifestyle intervention or bariatric surgery and pharmacological treatment with the aim of regulating blood glucose. Probably because of their short‐term effectiveness, these therapies have not been able to stop the rapidly rising prevalence of T2D over the past decades, highlighting an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies. The role of immune cells, such as macrophages, in insulin resistance has been extensively studied. Major advances have been made to elucidate the role of adipose tissue macrophages in these pathogeneses. Recently, anti‐inflammatory drugs have been suggested as an alternative treatment for T2D, and clinical trials of these agents are currently ongoing. In addition, results of previous clinical trials using antibodies against inflammatory cytokines, which showed modest effects, are now being rigorously re‐evaluated. However, it is still unclear how liver macrophages [termed Kupffer cells (KCs)], which constitute the major source of macrophages in the body, contribute to the development of insulin resistance. In this review, we will discuss the present understanding of the role of liver immune cells in the development of insulin resistance. We will particularly focus on KCs, which could represent an attractive target for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Differential heart rate responses to social and monetary reinforcement in women with obesity
Authors: Kube Jana , Schrimpf Anne , García‐García Isabel , Villringer Arno , Neumann Jane , Horstmann Annette 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObesity is often accompanied by weight stigmatization; subsequently, individuals with obesity frequently face social rejection. It has been shown that recurrent negative social experiences can alter the perception of social cues. However, the way individuals with obesity process social stimuli is not well understood. This study aims to investigate obesity‐related alterations in social compared to nonsocial information processing. Women with obesity (n = 14) and without obesity (n = 14) participated in a social and a monetary incentive delay task in which they anticipated and received positive, negative, and neutral outcomes in the form of faces or money. During the experiment, phasic heart rate changes and reaction times were measured. Women with obesity, compared to lean women, exhibited a stronger differentiation during the anticipation of monetary and social reinforcement, showing slower reaction times to social cues compared to monetary cues. During the outcome processing phase, women with obesity relative to controls demonstrated diminished heart rate responses particularly to negative social outcomes. Interestingly, differences in cardiac responses in participants with obesity were moderated by weight‐related teasing experiences. In women with obesity, a higher BMI was associated with blunted cardiac responses to social cues relative to monetary cues only if they reported more emotional pain after weight‐related teasing. Our results contribute to a better understanding of social information processing in obesity and give first evidence for the role of negative social experiences in reinforcement processing.
A Reply to Theodori, Luloff, Brennan, and Bridger
Authors: Flaherty Jeremy , Cope Michael R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTheodori et al. (2016) take issue with our presentation of the interactional field theory of community, asserting that, according to interactional field theory, (1) community does not equate with community field; (2) community does not emerge out of the community‐oriented actions of individuals; as well as making various other charges. In our reply, we refute their points, and demonstrate how Theodori et al., themselves, often provide the best evidence against their own arguments.
Synthetic biology for production of natural and new‐to‐nature terpenoids in photosynthetic organisms
Authors: Arendt Philipp , Pollier Jacob , Callewaert Nico , Goossens Alain 
Published: February 2016

SummaryWith tens of thousands of characterized members, terpenoids constitute the largest class of natural compounds that are synthesized by all living organisms. Several terpenoids play primary roles in the maintenance of cell membrane fluidity, as pigments or as phytohormones, but most of them function as specialized metabolites that are involved in plant resistance to herbivores or plant–environment interactions. Terpenoids are an essential component of human nutrition, and many are economically important pharmaceuticals, aromatics and potential next‐generation biofuels. Because of the often low abundance in their natural source, as well as the demand for novel terpenoid structures with new or improved bioactivities, terpenoid biosynthesis has become a prime target for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology projects. In this review we focus on the creation of new‐to‐nature or tailor‐made plant‐derived terpenoids in photosynthetic organisms, in particular by means of combinatorial biosynthesis and the activation of silent metabolism. We reflect on the characteristics of different potential photosynthetic host organisms and recent advances in synthetic biology and discuss their utility for the (heterologous) production of (novel) terpenoids.
Role of reactive oxygen species in age‐related neuromuscular deficits
Authors: Jackson Malcolm J. , McArdle Anne 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAlthough it is now clear that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not the key determinants of longevity, a number of studies have highlighted the key role that these species play in age‐related diseases and more generally in determining individual health span. Age‐related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is a key contributor to physical frailty in older individuals and our current understanding of the key areas in which ROS contribute to age‐related deficits in muscle is through defective redox signalling and key roles in maintenance of neuromuscular integrity. This topical review will describe how ROS stimulate adaptations to contractile activity in muscle that include up‐regulation of short‐term stress responses, an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and an increase in some catabolic processes. These adaptations occur through stimulation of redox‐regulated processes that lead to the activation of transcription factors such as NF‐κB, AP‐1 and HSF1 which mediate changes in gene expression. They are attenuated during ageing and this appears to occur through an age‐related increase in mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production. The potential for redox‐mediated cross‐talk between motor neurons and muscle is also described to illustrate how ROS released from muscle fibres during exercise may help maintain the integrity of axons and how the degenerative changes in neuromuscular structure that occur with ageing may contribute to mitochondrial ROS generation in skeletal muscle fibres.
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Physical and Physiological Characteristics of Various-Sided Games in Elite Women’s Soccer
Authors: Mara Jocelyn K. , Thompson Kevin G. , Pumpa Kate L. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:To investigate the physical and physiological response to different formats of various-sided games.Methods:Eighteen elite women’s soccer players wore 15-Hz global positioning system devices and heart-rate (HR) monitors during various-sided games (small, 4 vs 4 and 5 vs 5; medium, 6 vs 6 and 7 vs 7; large, 8 vs 8 and 9 vs 9).Results:Players covered more relative sprinting distance during large-sided games than in small-sided (P < .001, d = 0.69) and medium-sided (P < .001, d = 0.54) games. In addition, a greater proportion of total acceleration efforts that had a commencement velocity <1 m/s were observed in small-sided games (44.7% ± 5.5%) than in large-sided games (36.7% ± 10.6%) (P = .018, d = 0.94). This was accompanied by a greater proportion of acceleration efforts with a final velocity equivalent to the sprint threshold in large-sided games (15.4% ± 7.7%) than in small-sided games (5.2% ± 2.5%) (P < .001, d = 1.78). The proportion of time spent in HR zone 4 (>85% maximum HR) was greater during small-sided games (69.8% ± 2.5%) than in medium- (62.1% ± 2.8%, d = 2.90) and large-sided games (54.9% ± 3.1%) (P < .001, d = 5.29).Conclusions:The results from this study demonstrate that coaches can use small-sided games as an aerobic conditioning stimulus and to develop players’ explosiveness and repeat-sprint ability over short durations. Large-sided games can be used to maintain aerobic capacity and develop maximum speed over longer distances.
Complete Genome Sequences of Dengue Virus Type 1 to 4 Strains Used for the Development of CBER/FDA RNA Reference Reagents and WHO International Standard Candidates for Nucleic Acid Testing
Authors: Añez Germán , Heisey Daniel A. , Volkova Evgeniya , Rios Maria 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Dengue virus (DENV), a member of the
Flaviviridae
family, is the most common and clinically significant arbovirus in the world and is endemic in more than 100 countries. Here, we report the complete sequences of four DENV serotypes used in the development of the CBER/FDA RNA reference reagents and WHO International Standard candidates for nucleic acid testing.
Draft Genome Sequence of Desulfitobacterium hafniense Strain DH, a Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Isolated from Paddy Soils
Authors: Zhang Xi , Li Guo-Xiang , Chen Song-Can , Jia Xiao-Yu , Wu Kun , Cao Chang-Li , Bao Peng 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Desulfitobacterium hafniense
strain DH is a sulfate-reducing species. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain DH, with a size of 5,368,588 bp, average G+C content of 47.48%, and 5,296 predicted protein-coding sequences.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Versatile Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterium, Rhodococcus pyridinivorans Strain KG-16, Collected from Oil Fields in India
Authors: Aggarwal Ramesh K. , Dawar Chhavi , Phanindranath R. , Mutnuri Lakshmi , Dayal Anurodh M. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

We describe here a 5.8-Mb draft genome sequence of
Rhodococcus pyridinivorans
strain KG-16, which was obtained from the soil samples collected from the oilfields of Krishna-Godavari basin in India. This genomic resource can provide insights into the pathways and mechanisms of hydrocarbon degradation and potentially aid in bioremediation applications.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Cylindrospermopsis
sp. Strain CR12 Extracted from the Minimetagenome of a Nonaxenic Unialgal Culture from a Tropical Freshwater Lake
Authors: Mohamed Nor Nur Hazimah , Tan Boon Fei , Te Shu Harn , Thompson Janelle R. , Gin Karina Yew-Hoong 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Cylindrospermopsis
is known to be one of the major bloom-forming cyanobacterial genera in many freshwater environments. We report here the draft genome sequence of a tropical
Cylindrospermopsis
sp. strain, CR12, which is capable of producing the hepatotoxic cylindrospermopsin.
Continuing reductions in HPV 16/18 in a population with high coverage of bivalent HPV vaccination in England: an ongoing cross-sectional study
Authors: Mesher David , Panwar Kavita , Thomas Sara L , Beddows Simon , Soldan Kate 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesThe human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation programme in England was introduced in 2008. Monitoring changes in type-specific HPV prevalence allows assessment of the population impact of this vaccination programme.MethodsResidual vulva-vaginal swab specimens were collected from young sexually active women (aged 16–24 years) attending for chlamydia screening across England. Specimens were collected between 2010 and 2013 for type-specific HPV-DNA testing. HPV prevalence was compared to a similar survey conducted in 2008 prior to the introduction of HPV vaccination.ResultsA total of 7321 specimens collected in the postvaccination period, and 2354 specimens from the prevaccination period were included in this analysis. Among the individuals aged 16–18 years, with an estimated vaccination coverage of 67%, the prevalence of HPV16/18 infection decreased from 17.6% in 2008 to 6.1% in the postvaccination period. Within the postvaccination period, there was a trend towards lower HPV16/18 prevalence with higher vaccination coverage and increasing time since vaccine introduction from 8.5% in the period 2–3 years postvaccination to 4.0% in the period 4–5 years postvaccination. The prevalence of HPV31 reduced from 3.7% in the prevaccination period to 0.9% after vaccine introduction, although this no longer reached statistical significance after additional consideration of the uncertainty due to the assay change. Smaller reductions were seen in the individuals aged 19–21 years with lower estimated vaccination coverage, but there was no evidence of a reduction in the older unvaccinated women. Some overall increase in non-vaccine types was seen in the youngest age groups (ORs (95% CI); 1.3 (1.0 to 1.7) and 1.5 (1.1 to 2.0) for individuals aged 16–18 and 19–21 years, respectively, when adjusted for known population changes and the change in assay) although this should be interpreted with caution given the potential unmasking effect.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate a reduction in the HPV vaccine types in the age group with the highest HPV vaccination coverage.
Population characteristics, mechanisms of primary care and premature mortality in England: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Baker Richard , Honeyford Kate , Levene Louis S , Mainous Arch G , Jones David R , Bankart M John , Stokes Tim 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesHealth systems with strong primary care tend to have better population outcomes, but in many countries demand for care is growing. We sought to identify mechanisms of primary care that influence premature mortality.DesignWe developed a conceptual model of the mechanisms by which primary care influences premature mortality, and undertook a cross-sectional study in which population and primary care variables reflecting the model were used to explain variations in mortality of those aged under 75 years. The premature standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for each practice, available from the Department of Health, had been calculated from numbers of deaths in the 5 years from 2006 to 2010. A regression model was undertaken with explanatory variables for the year 2009/2010, and repeated to check stability using data for 2008/2009 and 2010/2011.SettingAll general practices in England were eligible for inclusion and, of the total of 8290, complete data were available for 7858.ResultsPopulation variables, particularly deprivation, were the most powerful predictors of premature mortality, but the mechanisms of primary care depicted in our model also affected mortality. The number of GPs/1000 population and detection of hypertension were negatively associated with mortality. In less deprived practices, continuity of care was also negatively associated with mortality.ConclusionsGreater supply of primary care is associated with lower premature mortality even in a health system that has strong primary care (England). Health systems need to sustain the capacity of primary care to deliver effective care, and should assist primary care providers in identifying and meeting the needs of socioeconomically deprived groups.
SGK Kinase Activity in Multiple Myeloma Cells Protects against ER Stress Apoptosis via a SEK-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Hoang Bao , Shi Yijiang , Frost Patrick J. , Mysore Veena , Bardeleben Carolyne , Lichtenstein Alan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
To assess the role of the serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK) kinase in multiple myeloma, we ectopically expressed wild type or a phosphomimetic version of SGK into multiple myeloma cell lines. These cells were specifically resistant to the ER stress inducers tunicamycin, thapsigargin, and bortezomib. In contrast, there was no alteration of sensitivity to dexamethasone, serum starvation, or mTORC inhibitors. Mining of genomic data from a public database indicated that low baseline SGK expression in multiple myeloma patients correlated with enhanced ability to undergo a complete response to subsequent bortezomib treatment and a longer time to progression and overall survival following treatment. SGK overexpressing multiple myeloma cells were also relatively resistant to bortezomib in a murine xenograft model. Parental/control multiple myeloma cells demonstrated a rapid upregulation of SGK expression and activity (phosphorylation of NDRG-1) during exposure to bortezomib and an SGK inhibitor significantly enhanced bortezomib-induced apoptosis in cell lines and primary multiple myeloma cells. In addition, a multiple myeloma cell line selected for bortezomib resistance demonstrated enhanced SGK expression and SGK activity. Mechanistically, SGK overexpression constrained an ER stress–induced JNK proapoptotic pathway and experiments with a SEK mutant supported the notion that SGK's protection against bortezomib was mediated via its phosphorylation of SEK (MAP2K4) which abated SEK/JNK signaling. These data support a role for SGK inhibitors in the clinical setting for myeloma patients receiving treatment with ER stress inducers like bortezomib.
Implications: Enhanced SGK expression and activity in multiple myeloma cells contributes to resistance to ER stress, including bortezomib challenge. Mol Cancer Res; 14(4); 397–407. ©2016 AACR.
Adição de óleos de copaíba (Copaifera langisdorffii) e sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus) na alimentação de poedeiras: estabilidade lipídica de gema de ovos armazenados em diferentes temperaturas
Authors: Oliveira Geovana Rocha de , Racanicci Aline Mondini Calil , Tanure Candice Bergmann Garcia Silva , Lima Cristiane Bovi de , Souza Thais Chiozzini de , Migotto Dannielle Leonardi , Vieira Afrânio Márcio Corrêa , Stringhini José Henrique 
Published: February 2016

<p>O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antioxidante da adição de óleos de copaíba (CP) e sucupira (SC) na alimentação de poedeiras sobre a oxidação lipídica de ovos <em>in natura</em> armazenados em temperatura ambiente (TA) por 30 dias e sob refrigeração (R) a 4ºC por 60 dias, e de gemas cozidas mantidas sob R por 30 dias. As poedeiras foram alimentadas com ração isoproteica (15% PB) e isoenergética (2900 kcal kg<sup>-1</sup>) à base de milho e farelo de soja, com inclusão de óleo de <em>Copaifera langsdorffii </em>(CP) nas proporções de 0,03; 0,06 e 0,09% ou de <em>Pterodon emarginatus </em>(SC) nas proporções de 0,03 e 0,06%, mais um controle negativo (CN). Foram coletados 667 ovos às 37 semanas de idade e distribuídos aleatoriamente nas diferentes condições de armazenamento (TA ou R). A oxidação dos lipídios de ovos <em>in natura</em> foi quantificada em quadruplicata e das gemas cozidas em duplicata, utilizando-se “pool” de 3 gemas/tratamento para as análises de TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). Os dados foram avaliados adotando um modelo misto e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey em 5% de nível de significância e o período de armazenamento foi considerado como um fator longitudinal, variando de cinco tempos no experimento com gemas cozidas, e nos ovos <em>in natura</em> sob R e em TA (0 a 30 dias), até nove tempos sob R (0 a 60 dias). Foi observado que a adição de óleo de CP e SC não reduziu os valores de TBARS em ovos <em>in natura</em> armazenados em TA e sob R em relação ao CN. No armazenamento de gemas cozidas, a inclusão CP (0,03 e 0,06%) protegeu os lipídios até os 21 dias, mas apresentou efeito pró-oxidante quando suplementado a 0,09%. Concluiu-se que a inclusão de até 0,06% de óleorresina de CP nas rações de poedeiras pode proteger os lipídios da gema cozida contra a oxidação durante o armazenamento refrigerado por até 21 dias. <strong></strong></p><br /><strong></strong>
Glycosphingolipids on Human Myeloid Cells Stabilize E-Selectin–Dependent Rolling in the Multistep Leukocyte Adhesion Cascade
Authors: Mondal Nandini , Stolfa Gino , Antonopoulos Aristotelis , Zhu Yuqi , Wang Shuen-Shiuan , Buffone Alexander , Atilla-Gokcumen G. Ekin , Haslam Stuart M. , Dell Anne , Neelamegham Sriram 
Published: February 2016

Objective—
Recent studies suggest that the E-selectin ligands expressed on human leukocytes may differ from those in other species, particularly mice. To elaborate on this, we evaluated the impact of glycosphingolipids expressed on human myeloid cells in regulating E-selectin-mediated cell adhesion.

Approach and Results—
A series of modified human cell lines and primary neutrophils were created by targeting UDP-Glucose Ceramide Glucosyltransferase using either lentivirus-delivered shRNA or CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing. Enzymology and mass spectrometry confirm that the modified cells had reduced or abolished glucosylceramide biosynthesis. Glycomics profiling showed that UDP-Glucose Ceramide Glucosyltransferase disruption also increased prevalence of bisecting N-glycans and reduced overall sialoglycan expression on leukocyte N- and O-glycans. Microfluidics-based flow chamber studies demonstrated that both the UDP-Glucose Ceramide Glucosyltransferase knockouts and knockdowns display ≈60% reduction in leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion on E-selectin bearing stimulated endothelial cells, without altering cell adhesion to P-selectin. Consistent with the concept that the glycosphingolipids support slow rolling and the transition to firm arrest, inhibiting UDP-Glucose Ceramide Glucosyltransferase activity resulted in frequent leukocyte detachment events, skipping motion, and reduced diapedesis across the endothelium. Cells bearing truncated O- and N-glycans also sustained cell rolling on E-selectin, although their ability to be recruited from free fluid flow was diminished.

Conclusions—
Glycosphingolipids likely contribute to human myeloid cell adhesion to E-selectin under fluid shear, particularly the transition of rolling cells to firm arrest.