bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of vitamin D3 in clinically isolated syndrome and healthy control participants: A double-blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: O’Connell Karen , Sulaimani Jamal , Basdeo Sharee A , Kinsella Katie , Jordan Sinead , Kenny Orla , Kelly Siobhan B , Murphy David , Heffernan Eric , Killeen Ronan P , Mulready Keith , MacMahon Marguerite , Brady Jennifer J , McKenna Carmel , Muldowney Ciaran , Cassidy Lorraine , Walsh Cathal , O’Rourke Killian , Tubridy Niall , McGuigan Chris , Fletcher Jean M , Hutchinson Michael 
Published: September 2017

Background Lowserum vitamin D levels are associated with susceptibility to, and severity of, multiple sclerosis. High dose vitamin D has been proposed as a potential immunomodulator in multiple sclerosis. Objectives We performed a single centre, investigator-led, exploratory, double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled, trial of vitamin D3 in clinically isolated syndrome and healthy control participants to assess its immunological effects. Secondary end-points included clinical and magnetic resonance imaging outcomes and safety. Methods Clinically isolated syndrome patients and healthy control participants were randomised to: placebo, 5000 IU or 10,000 IU vitamin D3/day (Vigantol oil). Study duration was 24 weeks. Results The trial did not meet its primary end point, with no difference in the frequency of pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cells (interleukin (IL)-17+/interferon (IFN)-γ+) seen. A higher level of disease freedom (67% versus 50%) was seen in those with serum 1,25 (OH) vitamin D levels>100 nmol/l but this did not reach significance. High dose vitamin D3 was well tolerated with no safety signal. Conclusions High dose vitamin D3 over 24 weeks was well tolerated but without immunological, magnetic resonance imaging or clinical evidence of benefit. The hypothesised therapeutic effects in clinically isolated syndrome or multiple sclerosis patients may require longer periods of administration or may only be seen in patients treated with vitamin D3 as an adjunct to established disease modifying therapies.
National Trends in Demographics and Outcomes Following Cervical Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Vonck Caroline E. , Tanenbaum Joseph E. , Smith Gabriel A. , Benzel Edward C. , Mroz Thomas E. , Steinmetz Michael P. 
Published: September 2017

Study Design: Retrospective trends analysis. Objectives: Cervical fusion is a common adjunctive surgical modality used in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). The purpose of this study was to quantify national trends in patient demographics, hospital characteristics, and outcomes in the surgical management of CSM. Methods: This was a retrospective study that used the National Inpatient Sample. The sample included all patients over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of CSM who underwent cervical fusion from 2003 to 2013. The outcome measures were in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and hospital charges. Chi-square tests were performed to compare categorical variables. Independent t tests were performed to compare continuous variables. Results: We identified 62 970 patients with CSM who underwent cervical fusion from 2003 to 2013. The number of fusions performed per year in the treatment of CSM increased from 3879 to 8181. The average age of all fusion patients increased from 58.2 to 60.6 years ( P < .001). Length of stay did not change significantly from a mean of 3.7 days. In-hospital mortality decreased from 0.6% to 0.3% ( P < .01). Hospital charges increased from $49 445 to $92 040 ( P < .001). Conclusions: This study showed a dramatic increase in cervical fusions to treat CSM from 2003 to 2013 concomitant with increasing age of the patient population. Despite increases in average age and number of comorbidities, length of stay remained constant and a decrease in mortality was seen across the study period. However, hospital charges increased dramatically.
Single-cell heterogeneity and cell-cycle-related viral gene bursts in the human leukaemia virus HTLV-1
Authors: Billman Martin R , Rueda David , Bangham Charles R M 
Published: September 2017

Background: The human leukaemia virus HTLV-1 expresses essential accessory genes that manipulate the expression, splicing and transport of viral mRNAs. Two of these genes,taxandhbz, also promote proliferation of the infected cell, and both genes are thought to contribute to oncogenesis in adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. The regulation of HTLV-1 proviral latency is not understood. tax,on the proviral plus strand, is usually silent in freshly-isolated cells, whereas the minus-strand-encodedhbzgene is persistently expressed at a low level. However, the persistently activated host immune response to Tax indicates frequent expression oftaxin vivo. Methods: We used single-molecule RNA-FISH to quantify the expression of HTLV-1 transcripts at the single-cell level in a total of >19,000 cells from five T-cell clones, naturally infected with HTLV-1, isolated by limiting dilution from peripheral blood of HTLV-1-infected subjects. Results: We found strong heterogeneity both within and between clones in the expression of the proviral plus-strand (detected by hybridization to thetaxgene) and the minus-strand (hbzgene). Both genes are transcribed in bursts;taxexpression is enhanced in the absence ofhbz, whilehbzexpression increased in cells with hightaxexpression. Surprisingly, we found thathbzexpression is strongly associated with the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle, independent oftaxexpression. Contrary to current belief,hbzis not expressed in all cells at all times, even within one clone. Inhbz-positive cells, the abundance ofhbztranscripts showed a very strong positive linear correlation with nuclear volume.Conclusions: The occurrence of intense, intermittent plus-strand gene bursts in independent primary HTLV-1-infected T-cell clones from unrelated individuals strongly suggests that the HTLV-1 plus-strand is expressed in bursts in vivo. Our results offer an explanation for the paradoxical correlations observed between the host immune response and HTLV-1 transcription.
Influencia del estilo de vida, el sexo, la edad y el IMC sobre la salud física y psicológica en jóvenes universitarios
Authors: Angelucci Luisa Teresa , Cañoto Yolanda , Hernández María Jimena 
Published: September 2017

Los posibles cambios en los estilos de vida que se producen al ingresar en la universidad, en conjunto con otros factores, impactan la salud, tanto física como mental de los jóvenes y, por lo tanto, su desempeño académico y social; siendo necesario entonces, analizar la relación estilos de vida-salud en esta población. Así, el objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la influencia del estilo de vida, el sexo, la edad y el índice de masa corporal sobre la salud física y psicológica de jóvenes universitarios, mediante una investigación explicativa con un diseño prospectivo único. Se usó una Escala de Estilos de Vida, un Cuestionario de Salud General (GHQ-28), una Escala de Salud física y una hoja de identificación. Se evidenció que los 312 universitarios de la muestra, en general, gozan de buena salud. Reportan dificultades del sueño, gripe, dolor de huesos y cabeza. Presentan niveles bajos de depresión y malestar psicológico, con niveles moderados-bajos de ansiedad. Manifiestan hábitos inadecuados en alimentación, actividad física y chequeos médicos y, el consumo de drogas es bajo. Por medio de una regresión múltiple, se obtuvo que a mayor inadecuados hábitos de sueño y frecuencia de chequeos médicos mayores síntomas físicos. Mayor ansiedad se encuentra en mujeres, jóvenes con problemas de sueño y personas que consumen drogas. A menor edad y mayores problemas de sueño mayor depresión. El malestar psicológico se presenta con menor actividad física y problemas de sueño. Los resultados sugieren la conveniencia de crear programas de prevención en la universidad, tomando en cuenta los estilos de vida de los jóvenes
O Impacto de Fatores Protetivos e de Risco na Autoestima e Autoeficácia de Adultos Emergentes nas Cinco Regiões Brasileiras
Authors: Dutra-Thomé Luciana , Leme Vanessa Romero , Pereira Anderson Siqueira , Paiva Ilana Lemos , Dias Ana Cristina Garcia , Gaião Emily Souza , Koller Silvia Helena 
Published: September 2017

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar adultos emergentes brasileños en las cinco regiones del país, considerando variables demográficas, laborales y educacionales; e investigar asociaciones entre factores de protección (conexión con la institución educativa y la familia) y de riesgo (eventos estresores) con autoestima y autoeficacia. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria descriptiva de carácter transversal. La muestra fue compuesta por 1996 participantes, entre 18 y 29 años. Fueron encontradas asociaciones positivas entre la conexión con la familia y autoeficacia y autoestima positiva, y negativas con la autoestima negativa. Los eventos estresores se relacionaron negativamente con la autoeficacia y no se relacionaron con la autoestima Tales resultados indican la influencia de los factores de protección y riesgo sobre la autoeficacia y la autoestima de los adultos emergentes en las cinco regiones brasileñas. Se destacan las familias y las instituciones educativas como espacios protectores en la promoción del desarrollo de jóvenes en transición para la vida adulta, particularmente en regiones con problemas más evidentes de acceso a la educación y al trabajo
Validação da versão portuguesa da Escala de Motivação Situacional (sims) em contextos académicos
Authors: Paixão Olímpio , Gamboa Vítor , Valadas Sandra 
Published: September 2017

La Escala de Motivación Situacional (sims) busca evaluar la motivación experimentada en el desempeño de una tarea específica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue el de validar la versión portuguesa, con una muestra de 409 estudiantes, al intentar reproducir su estructura factorial. Los resultados demuestran una consistencia interna adecuada respecto a las subescalas. La validez del constructo fue evaluado con Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. Los valores de contribución de cada factor y los índices de ajuste señalan la necesidad de eliminar de dos ítems, que, por su turno, van de encuentro a resultados de otros estudios de validación. En general, los resultados indican que la sims está compuesta por cuatro factores consistentes y demuestran su calidad psicométrica. La escala parece ser una buena medida de autorrelato para evaluar la motivación intrínseca, regulación identificada, regulación externa, y desmotivación situacional, pudiendo ser utilizada en la evaluación del constructo en el contexto académico portugués
Management of syndesmotic injuries of the ankle
Authors: de-las-Heras Romero Jorge , Alvarez Ana María Lledó , Sanchez Fernando Moreno , Garcia Alejandro Perez , Porcel Pedro Antonio Garcia , Sarabia Raul Valverde , Torralba Marina Hernandez 
Published: September 2017

Injuries to the tibioperoneal syndesmosis are more frequent than previously thought and their treatment is essential for the stability of the ankle mortise. Recognition of these lesions is essential to avoid long-term morbidity. Diagnosis often requires complete history, physical examination, weight-bearing radiographs and MRI. Treatment-oriented classification is mandatory. It is recommended that acute stable injuries are treated conservatively and unstable injuries surgically by syndesmotic screw fixation, suture-button dynamic fixation or direct repair of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament. Subacute injuries may require ligamentoplasty and chronic lesions are best treated by syndesmotic fusion. However, knowledge about syndesmotic injuries is still limited as recommendations for surgical treatment are only based on level IV and V evidence. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:403–409. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160084
Rapid, Secure Drug Testing Using Fingerprint Development and Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Costa Catia , Webb Roger , Palitsin Vladimir , Ismail Mahado , de Puit Marcel , Atkinson Samuel , Bailey Melanie J 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) is a technique that has recently emerged and has shown excellent analytical sensitivity to a number of drugs in blood. As an alternative to blood, fingerprints have been shown to provide a noninvasive and traceable sampling matrix. Our goal was to validate the use of fingerprint samples to detect cocaine use.

METHODS
Samples were collected on triangular pieces (168 mm2) of washed Whatman Grade I chromatography paper. Following application of internal standard, spray solvent and a voltage were applied to the paper before mass spectrometry detection. A fingerprint visualization step was incorporated into the analysis procedure by addition of silver nitrate solution and exposing the sample to ultraviolet light.

RESULTS
Limits of detection for cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and methylecgonine were 1, 2, and 31 ng/mL respectively, with relative standard deviations &lt; 33%. No matrix effects were observed. Analysis of 239 fingerprint samples yielded a 99% true-positive rate and a 2.5% false-positive rate, based on the detection of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, or methylecgonine with use of a single fingerprint.

CONCLUSIONS
The method offers a qualitative and noninvasive screening test for cocaine use. The analysis method developed is rapid (4 min/sample) and requires no sample preparation.
The timing and times of painting
Authors: Heywood Ian 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article explores three aspects of painting and time: first, the experience of growing older with painting and paintings, particularly those of the recent past, second, the contrast between looking dated, a frequent characteristic of paintings of the recent past, and looking new or contemporary, and finally, the distinction between the ways in which painting is both the subject and the object of time, what I will call the ‘timing of painting’, its capacity to work with time and critical efforts, some historical, others more recent, to assign painting a place in its epoch, its ‘times’.
The viscosity of duration: Painterly surface and the phenomenology of time in the London paintings of Frank Auerbach
Authors: Robinson Anne 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article aims to examine our perceptions of temporality in painterly surface and investigate the relationship between subjective perceptions of temporality and emotional ‘affect’ in encounters with painting. Frank Auerbach’s London paintings are taken as examples of ‘painterly’ surface with which to consider the elastic temporality of painting. At the centre of this investigation are the engaged and embodied artist and the engaged spectator, encountering the ‘strangeness’ of painterly surface as an intense experience, offering an enhanced sense of lived temporality: both caught in a circuit defined by Merleau-Ponty: ‘For painters, the world will always be yet to be painted...’.
Nice Talking to You David :)
Authors: Humphries Jacqueline 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Jacqueline Humphries has produced this visual essay in response to the interview with David Ryan in this issue. It addresses some of the concerns of that discussion, and the artist has added,
[t]his visual essay was made from photographs I took at the Carlsberg Museum in Copenhagen, digital files I use to make tools for painting, and various studio ephemera resulting from my working process. It is meant to reflect and illustrate some of the ideas expressed in the interview.
The discursive array: Towards a politics of painting as time–space production
Authors: Chilver John 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Modernist articulations of time in painting – based on phenomenological approaches – are not viable today. The adequate recipient of today’s accelerated information flows is more machinic than human: human perception is no longer adequate to technological temporalities. Painting ought now to approach time in registers other than the perceptual. Rejecting the terms of MoMA’s ‘The Forever Now’ exhibition, the argument turns to Buren’s notion of the in situ as a valuable attempt to re-think painting as time–space production. But Buren’s position is based on flaws in his ‘Function of the studio’ essay, and ends up supplying architectural decoration for urban redevelopment that is a far cry from his youthful ambitions. The text then considers conflations of in situ with discursive production in Gillick and Bourriaud. After a critical reading of Joselit’s ‘Painting beside itself’ essay, artworks by Merlin Carpenter, Jutta Koether and Lucy McKenzie are examined. McKenzie’s recent work devises fruitful tactics for interweaving affective opacities and discursive frames. McKenzie is able to play with rhetorics of in situ production without succumbing to reductive understandings of site and authenticity, and without conflating time–space production with discursive production. Such a discursive array can elaborate the dissonances between the discursive and the affective.
Cryostructuring of polymer systems. 47. Preparation of wide porous gelatin-based cryostructurates in sterilizing organic media and assessment of the suitability of thus formed matrices as spongy scaffolds for 3D cell culturing
Authors: Lozinsky Vladimir I. , Kulakova Valentina K. , Ivanov Roman V. , Petrenko Alexander Yu. , Rogulska Olena Yu. , Petrenko Yuriy A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNew gelatin-based cryostructurates have been elaborated and tested as scaffolds for three-dimensional (3D) cell culturing. Scaffold preparation included dissolution of Type A gelatin in dimethylsulfoxide, freezing of such solution, cryoextraction of crystalline phase with cold ethanol, cross-linking of gelatin with carbodiimide in ethanol medium, treatment of the matrix with ethanolic solution of Tris and tanning of the matrix with formaldehyde dissolved in ethanol. The use of organic media during all the preparation stages ensured the sterility of the scaffolds. The matrices thus prepared were seeded with human adipose tissue multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells to confirm the biocompatibility of scaffolds and their possibility to provide necessary environment for the cell growth and differentiation. The cells attached onto the surface of the pore walls, proliferated and differentiated into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. These results demonstrate that gelatin-based cryostructurates prepared in the sterility ensuring organic media can be used as scaffolds for tissue engineering purposes.
Genuin wissenschaftssprachliche Strukturen
Authors: Thielmann Winfried 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Lange Zeit galt es als ausgemacht, dass Fach- und Wissenschaftssprache ein- und dasselbe sind. Anliegen dieses Beitrags ist es zu zeigen, dass wissenschaftliche Varietäten zwar qua se fachlich sind, darüber hinaus aber Mittel und Strukturen aufweisen, die im Zusammenhang mit sprachlich zu bearbeitenden wissenschaftstypischen Zwecken stehen. Wissenschaftliche Einzelvarietäten sind daher als Resultate von Sprachausbau zu verstehen, der, auf wissenschaftstypische Zwecke bezogen, an den je spezifischen einzelsprachlich vorgehaltenen Möglichkeiten ansetzt. Für eine Didaktik des Deutschen als fremder Wissenschaftssprache sind in diesem Zusammenhang besonders solche genuin wissenschaftssprachlichen Strukturen einschlägig, die unauffällig sind: diejenigen der alltäglichen Wissenschaftssprache sowie diejenigen der wissenschaftlichen Eristik, die sich vor allem in der illokutiven Dimension realisieren.
Microanalytical study of luster glazed gilding and silvering from Baroque altarpieces
Authors: Salvadó Nati , Butí Salvador , Clemente Carme , Beltran Victòria , Cinque Gianfelice , Juanhuix Jordi , Pradell Trinitat 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Lustering, a technique which involved the application of coloured translucent glazes over gilding and silvering was widely used to enrich and decorate altarpieces in the Baroque period. The decorations consist of a micrometric multilayered structure including several color glazes, metallic leaves and bole applied over a plaster ground. The collection of Baroque altarpieces, the oldest dating 1671 and the newest 1775 from the cathedral of Tortosa (Catalonia), is a perfect case of study of the materials used and the techniques employed throughout the period. Further information is obtained from the analysis of the reaction and aging compounds resulting from the interaction among the compounds present in the layers and between the different layers. A combination of sensitive analytical techniques, Synchrotron based μ-XRD and μ-IR and SEM-EDS which enabled the luster samples to undergo analysis without altering their original layered microstructure were selected. The nature of the compounds used to produce the yellow, green, red and blue glazes (pigments, pigment lakes and resins), metallic leaves and boles is presented. Relevant information from historical and conservation viewpoints about the origin and nature of the materials used, the making of the lusters and their reactivity and aging are also discussed.
Information structuring of dialogic pairs from a cross-linguistic perspective
Authors: Fernandez-Vest M.M.Jocelyne , Amon Marri , Gadelii Karl-Erland , Junnan Pan Victor , Achariyayos Jirasak , Do-Hurinville Danh-Thàn 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStarting from a critical evaluation of the Question-Answer (Q-A) test that has been used by many theoreticians for establishing the linguistic category of Rheme/Focus, this collective chapter, a by-product of our larger CNRS-project about Information Structuring and Typology (ISTY) introduces a methodology based on a Minimal Communicative Utterance (MCU – often an Answer) and its extensions – Binary Strategy 1 (Theme-Rheme) and Binary Strategy 2 (Rheme-Mneme) as dialogic information structuring (IS) constructions. Section 2 reviews the presentation of Polar and Referent Qs and their Answers in the grammars of several European languages – Finno-Ugric (Estonian, Finnish, Sami) and Indo-European (French, Swedish) – and emphasizes the necessity to take into account discourse typology. Section 3 investigates the formal and semantic correlations of Q-A pairs taken from authentic corpora in various dialogue situations (orally transmitted Northern Sami and its recent written variants, Estonian conversations, French political debates). Section 4 is dedicated to a survey of Qs and As in three Southeast-Asian languages (Mandarin Chinese, Thai and Vietnamese), and a comparison of discourse particles as IS devices in the two groups of languages. The general conclusion suggests new approaches to some unsolved research questions (prosody, “theme-prominence”, interaction of syntax and IS structures).
Influence of Hot Rolling Process on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Press Hardening Steel
Authors: Hu Kuanhui , Zhou Guifeng 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this article, microstructure and mechanical properties of a press hardening steel prepared with different rolling parameters are studied, and the effects of the rolling processes are analyzed. The results show that when the finishing rolling temperatures are 870°C and 900°C and the coiling temperature rises from 640°C to 700°C, the strength of the press hardening steel increases and the elongation decreases. The yield strength of the steel prepared with low finishing rolling temperature is high, but the tensile strength has little difference, and the elongation decreases quickly. The microstructures consist of ferrite and pearlite, but as the coiling temperature rises, the amount of the alloy-carbide precipitates in the ferrite, and grain boundary is reduced significantly. The interlamellar spacing of pearlite gradually becomes narrow and the density of dislocation lines in the ferrite increases slightly. The press hardening steel rolled at the finishing temperature of 900°C and coiled at 670°C has excellent balance of mechanical properties. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation are 370 MPa, 598 MPa, and 19 %, respectively.