bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronization of Uncertain Complex Networks with Time‐Varying Node Delay and Multiple Time‐Varying Coupling Delays
Authors: Zhang Chuan , Wang Xingyuan , Wang Chunpeng , Zhou Wenjie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the synchronization problem of a class of complex dynamical networks via an adaptive control method. It differs from existing works in considering intrinsic delay and multiple different time‐varying coupling delays, and uncertain couplings. A simple approach is used to linearize the uncertainties with the norm‐bounded condition. Simple but suitable adaptive controllers are designed to drive all nodes of the complex network locally and globally synchronize to a desired state. In addition, several synchronization protocols are deduced in detail by virtue of Lyapunov stability theory and a Cauchy matrix inequality. Finally, a simulation example is presented, in which the dynamics of each node are time‐varying delayed Chua chaotic systems, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive method.
Robust Stochastic Stability and Control for Uncertain Singular Markovian Jump Systems with Multiplicative Noise
Authors: Zhao Yong , Zhang Weihai , Xia Jianwei , Zhang Tianliang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper focuses on the problems of robust stability and stabilization and robust
control for uncertain singular Markovian jump systems with (x,v)‐dependent noise. The parameter uncertainties appearing in state, input, disturbance as well as diffusion terms are assumed to be time‐varying but norm‐bounded. Based on the approach of generalized quadratic stability, the memoryless state feedback controller is designed for the robust stabilization problem, which ensures that the resulting closed‐loop system has an impulse‐free solution and is asymptotically stable in the mean square. Furthermore, the results of robust
control problem are derived. The desired state feedback
controller is presented, which not only meets the requirement of robust stabilization but also satisfies a prescribed
performance level. The obtained results are formulated in terms of strict LMIs. What we have obtained can be viewed as corresponding extensions of existing results on uncertain singular systems. A numerical example is finally given to demonstrate the application of the proposed method.
Constrained Nonlinear‐Based Optimisation Applied to Fuzzy PID Controllers Tuning
Authors: Gil Paulo , Sebastião Ana , Lucena Catarina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper aims at studying the optimal Fuzzy Proportional–Integral– Derivative controllers' tuning problem by considering two different nonlinear constrained optimisation techniques. One relying on a Hessian‐based analytical approach, and the other based on a differential evolutionary method. In the case of offline implementation, two basic frameworks are under assessment, depending on the controller parameters to be adjusted. For online scaling factors and membership functions' width tuning, its implementation is based on the parallel computation paradigm. The performance index is described by a quadratic cost function, taking as arguments control errors and the increment of control actions. Constraints on the scaling factors, membership functions' width, as well as on the system inputs and outputs are also included in the optimisation problem. Experiments carried out on a benchmark system favour the offline joint optimisation based on the differential evolutionary approach of scaling factors and membership functions' width.
Boundary Control for a Vibrating String System with Bounded Input
Authors: Zhao Zhijia , Liu Yu , Luo Fei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, we deal with the control problem of a vibrating string system under the condition of restricted input and external disturbance. The major objectives are the development of a boundary vibration control scheme for globally stabilizing the string system and simultaneously for compensating the effect of the input saturation, and the design of a disturbance observer for tracking the external disturbance. To this end, a boundary control is proposed based on smooth hyperbolic function to suppress the vibration and eliminate the input restriction effect, and a disturbance observer is employed to mitigate the external disturbance. The asymptotic stability of the controlled system is demonstrated employing the extended LaSalle's invariance principle. In order to verify the control performance of the proposed control, simulation results are presented by the choice of proper control design parameters.
Hepatotoxicity after high‐dose intravenous methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Hidalgo de la Cruz Milagros , Miranda Acuña Jahir Andrés , Lozano Ros Alberto , Vega Catalina María , Salinero Paniagua Emilio , Clemente Ricote Gerardo , De Andrés Frutos Clara Dionisia , Martínez Ginés María Luisa 
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical MessageHepatotoxicity is a rare adverse event of methylprednisolone that should be considered in clinical practice. In patients at risk, we propose liver function surveillance, by measuring hepatic enzymes concentration 15–30 days after methylprednisolone administration. Additionally, we propose ACTH, dexamethasone, or plasma exchange as alternate treatment options for these patients.
Hydrogen‐Economic Synthesis of Gasoline‐like Hydrocarbons by Catalytic Hydrodecarboxylation of the Biomass‐derived Angelica Lactone Dimer
Authors: Chang Fei , Dutta Saikat , Mascal Mark 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe biomass‐derived platform molecule levulinic acid is converted into the angelica lactone dimer (ALD) in high overall yield using simple inorganic catalysts. Hydrodecarboxylation of ALD using a Pd/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst under moderate hydrogen gas pressure at high temperatures generates branched C8–C9 hydrocarbons in nearly quantitative yield consuming as little as a single equivalent of external hydrogen. These molecules are high‐octane “drop‐in” equivalents of isoalkanes used in commercial gasoline. Catalytic hydrodecarboxylation is presented as a highly effective means to reduce hydrogen demand in biomass‐to‐biofuel conversion technologies.
Autotransporter‐Based Surface Display of Hemicellulases on Pseudomonas putida: Whole‐Cell Biocatalysts for the Degradation of Biomass
Authors: Schulte Marten F. , Tozakidis Iasson E. P. , Jose Joachim 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe enzymatic depolymerization of xylans into their monomeric sugars by hemicellulases is of great interest from both the ecological and the economical point of view; however, the high costs of these enzymes impede their employment on industrial scales. The utilization of whole cells displaying the enzymes on their surface could reduce costs by allowing a direct employment of the cells after cultivation and their reuse in multiple reaction cycles. Here, we present the surface display of an endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase (XynA), a 1,4‐β‐xylosidase (XynB), and two α‐l‐arabinofuranosidases (Abf2 and AbfCelf) in the gram‐negative soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440 by fusing the enzymes to the EhaA autotransporter unit from Escherichia coli. The surface display of the enzymes was verified by flow cytometry. All four enzymes retained their functionality with hydrolytic activities of 48.5 mU mL−1 for XynA towards beechwood xylan, 6 mU mL−1 for XynB towards 4‐nitrophenyl‐β‐d‐xylopyranoside, and 8.6 mU mL−1 and 6.2 mU mL−1 for the two α‐l‐arabinofuranosidases Abf2 and AbfCelf towards 4‐nitrophenyl‐α‐l‐arabinofuranoside, respectively. Measurements were done with cell suspensions of an OD578=1. A mixture of strains displaying the three types of hemicellulases could degrade 2.5 % (w/v) raw arabinoxylan from rye bran to d‐xylose with a yield of 133.5 mg L−1 cell suspension after 24 h.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Grinding Media Flow in a Ball Mill
Authors: Machado Marcela V. C. , Santos Dyrney A. , Barrozo Marcos A. S. , Duarte Claudio R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAn experimental and numerical study on the grinding media dynamics inside a baffled ball mill under different solid‐flow regimes, namely, cascading, cataracting, and centrifuging, is described. The Eulerian approach was used for all simulations and the boundary condition at the drum wall was investigated by means of the specularity coefficient parameter. This effort is an important approach in representing the particle‐wall interaction in a ball mill. The restitution coefficient of the balls was experimentally measured using a video camera, and its influence was evaluated by comparing the numerical and experimental outcome of flow patterns. The simulations results proved that the specularity and restitution coefficients effects at the drum wall were more evident at high rotational speeds.
Vortex Fluidic Chemical Transformations
Authors: Britton Joshua , Stubbs Keith A. , Weiss Gregory A. , Raston Colin L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDriving chemical transformations in dynamic thin films represents a rapidly thriving and diversifying research area. Dynamic thin films provide a number of benefits including large surface areas, high shearing rates, rapid heat and mass transfer, micromixing and fluidic pressure waves. Combinations of these effects provide an avant‐garde style of conducting chemical reactions with surprising and unusual outcomes. The vortex fluidic device (VFD) has proved its capabilities in accelerating and increasing the efficiencies of numerous organic, materials and biochemical reactions. This Minireview surveys transformations that have benefited from VFD‐mediated processing, and identifies concepts driving the effectiveness of vortex‐based dynamic thin films.
Alkali Metal Chlorine and Bromine Carbenoids: Their Thermal Stability and Structural Properties
Authors: Molitor Sebastian , Gessner Viktoria H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe synthesis and structures of a series of M/X carbenoids of the type [Ph2P(S)]2CMX with M=Li, Na, and K and X=Cl and Br are reported, amongst the first isolated Na/Br and K/Br carbenoids. NMR spectroscopic as well as crystallographic studies showed distinct differences between the lithium carbenoids and their heavier congeners. In the solid state, all carbenoids showed no direct metal–carbon interaction, but an interaction between the metal and the halogen atom. This contact is only very weak in the case of the Li/Br carbenoid, but much more pronounced in the corresponding potassium and sodium compounds. Nevertheless, these interactions did not significantly influence the stability of the carbenoids by weakening the C−X bond and facilitating the MX elimination. As such all compounds were found to be stable up to approximately 60 °C in solution. Hence, M−X interactions—albeit being an essential feature for the structure formation of carbenoids—are not the only criterion determining the stability of such compounds. In the present systems, the stabilization by the thiophosphinoyl moieties is more important than the metal/halogen combination.
New Approach to 1,4‐Benzoxazin‐3‐ones by Electrochemical C−H Amination
Authors: Wesenberg Lars Julian , Herold Sebastian , Shimizu Akihiro , Yoshida Jun‐ichi , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract1,4‐Benzoxazin‐3‐ones are important structural motifs in natural products and bioactive compounds. Usually, the synthesis of benzoxazinones requires transition‐metal catalysts and pre‐functionalized substrates such as aryl halides. However, the anodic C−H amination of phenoxy acetates offers a very efficient and sustainable access to these heterocycles. The presented electrochemical protocol can be applied to a broad scope of alkylated substrates. Even tert‐butyl moieties or halogen substituents are compatible with this versatile method.
Tuning the Reactivity of Functionalized Diallylic Alcohols: Brønsted versus Lewis Acid Catalysis
Authors: Lempenauer Luisa , Duñach Elisabet , Lemière Gilles 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe chemodivergent reactivity of bifunctional, enol thioether‐containing diallylic alcohols in acidic medium is disclosed, highlighting the difference between strong Lewis acid and mild Brønsted acid catalysis. In the presence of bismuth(III) triflate, allylic alcohol activation affords diversely substituted cyclopentenones in a Nazarov‐type electrocyclization, whereas activation of the thioenol ether by p‐toluenesulfonic acid provides an entry to α‐sulfenylated β,γ‐unsaturated ketones. Both methods represent a facile access to the corresponding products under mild conditions, using inexpensive and non‐toxic catalytic systems.
Kreativität und Chemie?
Authors: Bliersbach Markus , Reiners Christiane S. 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungKreativität beschreibt das in jedem Menschen innewohnende Potenzial, mithilfe von verschiedenen metakognitiven Strategien, die vor allem auf dem Ausbrechen aus bekannten Strukturen und der Rekombination von Wissen beruhen, etwas für dessen jeweiliges Umfeld gleichsam Neues und Relevantes zu erschaffen. In der Chemie ist man vor allem beim Generieren von Forschungsfragen, bei der Hypothesenbildung, dem Planen von experimentellen Untersuchungen, dem Entwickeln von Theorien und Modellen und bei der Präsentation von Forschungsergebnissen auf Kreativität angewiesen. Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, der sich schon Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts mit der Rolle der Phantasie in der Wissenschaft beschäftigte, sowie Stefan Hell, der verschiedenen Widrigkeiten zum Trotz ein seit über 100 Jahren als unabänderlich geltendes wissenschaftliches Postulat umstieß, stellen Beispiele dar, die die Bedeutung von Kreativität in der Chemie verdeutlichen können.
Socioeconomic status and the development of atrial fibrillation in Hispanics, African Americans and non‐Hispanic whites
Authors: Shulman Eric , Kargoli Faraj , Aagaard Philip , Hoch Ethan , Di Biase Luigi , Fisher John , Gross Jay , Kim Soo , Ferrick Kevin J. , Krumerman Andrew 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite having a higher burden of traditional AF risk factors, African American and Hispanic minorities have a lower incidence of AF when compared to non‐Hispanic whites, referred to as the “racial paradox.”HypothesisLower SES among Hispanics and African Americans may help to explain the lower incidence rates of AF compared to non‐Hispanic whites.MethodsAn electrocardiogram/electronic medical records database in New York State was interrogated for individuals free of AF for development of subsequent AF from 2000 to 2013. SES was assessed per zip code via a composite of 6 measures Z‐scored to the New York State average. SES was reclassified into decile groups. Cox regression analysis controlling for all baseline differences was used to estimate the independent predictive ability of SES for AF.ResultsWe identified 48 631 persons (43% Hispanic, 37% African Americans, and 20% non‐Hispanic white; mean age 59 years; mean follow‐up of 3.2 years) of which 4556 AF cases occurred. Hispanics and African Americans had lower AF risk than whites in all SES deciles (P < 0.001 by log‐rank test). Higher SES was borderline associated with lower AF risk (hazard ratio: 0.990, 95% confidence interval: 0.980‐1.001, P = 0.061). P trend analysis was not significant by any race/ethnic group by SES deciles for AF.ConclusionsOur study suggests that non‐Hispanic whites were at higher risk for AF compared to nonwhites, and this was independent of SES.
Relative efficacy and safety of ticagelor vs clopidogrel as a function of time to invasive management in non–ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome in the PLATO trial
Authors: Pollack Charles V. , Davoudi Farideh , Diercks Deborah B. , Becker Richard C. , James Stefan K. , Lim Soo Teik , Schulte Phillip J. , Spinar Jindrich , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Storey Robert F. , Himmelmann Anders , Wallentin Lars , Cannon Christopher P. ,   on behalf of the PLATO Investigators
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines suggest that “upstream” P2Y12 receptor antagonists should be considered in patients with non–ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE‐ACS).HypothesisEarly use of ticagrelor in patients managed with an invasive strategy would be more effective than clopidogrel because of its more rapid onset of action and greater potency.MethodsIn the PLATO trial, 6792 NSTE‐ACS patients were randomized to ticagrelor or clopidogrel (started prior to angiography) and underwent angiography within 72 hours of randomization. We compared efficacy and safety outcomes of ticagrelor vs clopidogrel as a function of “early” (<3h) vs “late” (≥3h) time to angiography. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models evaluated interaction between randomized treatment and time from randomization to angiography on subsequent outcomes.ResultsOverall, a benefit of ticagrelor vs clopidogrel for cardiovascular death/myocardial infarction/stroke was seen at day 7 (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.67, P = 0.002), day 30 (HR: 0.81, P = 0.042), and 1 year (HR: 0.80, P = 0.0045). There were no significant interactions in the <3h vs ≥3h groups at any timepoint. For major bleeding, overall there was no significant increase (HR: 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.85‐1.27); but there was a significant interaction with no difference between ticagrelor and clopidogrel in the early group (HR: 0.79), but higher bleeding risk with ticagrelor in the late angiography group, at 7 days (HR: 1.51, Pint = 0.002). Patterns were similar at 30 days and 1 year.ConclusionsThe benefit of ticagrelor over clopidogrel was consistent in those undergoing early and late angiography, supporting upstream use of ticagrelor.
Full runtime polyhedral optimizing loop transformations with the generation, instantiation, and scheduling of code‐bones
Authors: Martinez Caamaño Juan Manuel , Selva Manuel , Clauss Philippe , Baloian Artyom , Wolff Willy 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we present a new runtime code generation technique for speculative loop optimization and parallelization. The main benefit of this technique, compared to previous approaches, is to enable advanced optimizing loop transformations at runtime with an acceptable time overhead. The loop transformations that may be applied are those handled by the polyhedral model. The proposed code generation strategy is based on the generation of “code‐bones” at compile‐time, which are parametrized code snippets either dedicated to speculation management or to computations of the original target program. These code‐bones are then instantiated and assembled at runtime to constitute the speculatively optimized code, as soon as an optimizing polyhedral transformation has been determined. Their granularity threshold is sufficient to apply any polyhedral transformation, while still enabling fast runtime code generation. This approach has been implemented in the speculative loop parallelizing framework APOLLO.
A Study of Electrocyclic Reactions in a Molecular Junction: Mechanistic and Energetic Requirements for Switching in the Coulomb Blockade Regime
Authors: Olsen Stine T. , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens , Hansen Thorsten , Ratner Mark A. , Mikkelsen Kurt V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork was made by Dr. Stine T. Olsen. The present work involves a long term collaboration between members of the Center for Exploitation of Solar Energy at the Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark and one of its international partners from the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, U.S.A. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201700140.
Resistance formulae of a multipurpose n‐step network and its application in LC network
Authors: Tan Z.‐Z. , Asad J.H. , Owaidat M.Q. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryWe consider a multipurpose n‐step network with cross resistors that is a profound problem that has not been resolved before. This network contains a number of different types of resistor network model. This problem is resolved by three steps: First of all, we simplify a complex graphics into a simple equivalent model; next, we use Kirchhoff's laws to analyse the network and establish a nonlinear difference equation; and finally, we construct the method of equivalent transformation to obtain the general solution of the nonlinear difference equation. In this paper, we created a new concept of negative resistance for the needs of the equivalent conversion and obtain two general resistance formulae of a multipurpose ladder network of cross resistors. As applications, several interesting specific results are produced. In particular, an n‐step impedance LC network is discussed. Our method and the results are suitable for the research of complex impedance network as well. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metastatic neoplasms to the pancreas diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration/biopsy cytology: A 15‐year retrospective analysis
Authors: Raymond Sasha L. T. , Yugawa Deanne , Chang Karen H. F. , Ena Brandy , Tauchi‐Nishi Pamela S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic tumors to the pancreas are rarely encountered and diagnostically challenging. We aspired to determine the incidence and origin of all metastases to the pancreas at our institution, and to examine their clinicopathologic and cytomorphologic features. We also sought to ascertain the effect of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance implementation.MethodsA search of our database was undertaken to review all pancreatic FNA and/or CNB examined from January 2000 through December 2014.ResultsDuring our 15‐year study, 636 patients underwent pancreatic FNA/CNB, including 252 (40%) computerized tomography (CT) and 384 (60%) EUS‐guided biopsies. Malignancy was diagnosed in 221 (35%). Only 16 had metastases to the pancreas, comprising 2.5% of pancreatic biopsies and 7.2% of malignancies. Three (18.8%) presented with their first manifestation of cancer. EUS guidance was utilized in 50%, with rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) employed in 14 (88%). The most common primary site was lung (6,38%), followed by 3 (19%) each of renal and gastrointestinal malignancies. The remaining included malignant melanoma, Merkel and gallbladder small cell carcinomas, and olfactory neuroblastoma.ConclusionCytologic diagnosis of metastasis to the pancreas is rare in our institution, comprising only 2.5% and 7.2% of total and malignant pancreatic FNA/CNB, respectively. FNA/CNB with ROSE proved to be an effective diagnostic modality, thereby obviating the need for more invasive procedures in the setting of pancreatic metastases. EUS‐FNA was equally effective as CT‐guided biopsies in achieving specimen adequacy and definitive diagnoses. We also present the first known case of a metastatic olfactory neuroblastoma to the pancreas diagnosed by imprint cytology.
Conserved signaling mechanisms in Drosophila heart development
Authors: Ahmad Shaad M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSignal transduction through multiple distinct pathways regulates and orchestrates the numerous biological processes comprising heart development. This review outlines the roles of the FGFR, EGFR, Wnt, BMP, Notch, Hedgehog, Slit/Robo, and other signaling pathways during four sequential phases of Drosophila cardiogenesis—mesoderm migration, cardiac mesoderm establishment, differentiation of the cardiac mesoderm into distinct cardiac cell types, and morphogenesis of the heart and its lumen based on the proper positioning and cell shape changes of these differentiated cardiac cells—and illustrates how these same cardiogenic roles are conserved in vertebrates. Mechanisms bringing about the regulation and combinatorial integration of these diverse signaling pathways in Drosophila are also described. This synopsis of our present state of knowledge of conserved signaling pathways in Drosophila cardiogenesis and the means by which it was acquired should facilitate our understanding of and investigations into related processes in vertebrates. Developmental Dynamics 246:641–656, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.