bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The property changes of ammunition elements due to the exploitation time
Authors: Ampuła Dariusz 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The way carry out of analysis concerning correctness working of evaluation module proposed in functioning research methodology, chosen features elements of artillery fuses was presented in the article. Probability distributions of the aptitude time of tested ammunition elements were applied for verification of undertaken post diagnostic decisions. The analysis of test results chosen fuses elements, based on the standard normal distributions were executed, further the graphic interpretations of these distributions were made. A measurement of the strength of resistance decline of the side-bolt spring was chosen for the analysis, as a way of checking MG-37 and MG-57 fuse types features. Furthermore, the author presents an illustrative comparison of normal distributions, which confirms that post diagnostic decisions had been undertaken correctly. The graphic interpretations of analyzed test results of MG-37 fuse elements type were executed by means of two-parameters gamma distribution in the comparison. Concise conclusions confirming the correctness of functioning of evaluation module in the research methodology were introduced at the end of the article.
Inductive sensors for blade tip-timing in gas turbines
Authors: Przysowa Radosław , Rokicki Edward 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The paper reviews features and applications of the upgraded inductive sensor for BTT, which is able to operate in contact with exhaust gases of temperature even as high as 1200 K. The new design includes metal-ceramic housing ensuring proper heat transfer, magnetic circuit containing set of permanent magnets with various magnetic field values and Curie temperatures, completely redesigned windings and current/voltage converter used instead of an electromotive force amplifier. Its principle of operation is based on electro-dynamical interaction and therefore it may be referred as a passive eddy-current sensor. The sensor technique has been demonstrated on four stages of a surplus military turbofan including the high pressure turbine as part of the engine health monitoring system. We present signal samples and review methods used for online processing of time-of-arrival signals when only a limited number of sensors is available.
The risk analysis during production process of an innovative baby carriage with a bike function
Authors: Nowiński Emil , Kopyt Damian 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The article presents the risk assesment of damages occurance in production stage of a babycarriage with a bike function. The analysis of risk is done by using the FMEA – Failure Made and Effect Analysis that is used in aviation and automotive industry. This way of innovative product assessment allows to evaluate the risk of defects and indicate the priorities of quality for key parts as well as the device.
Termovision and electricity capacitance measurements as a evaluation of a helicopter rotor’s blades delamination
Authors: Gębura Andrzej , Poradowski Michał 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The article presents essential elements reached during investigations of heat section of rotor blades which have been done in AFIT. The investigations were related to a valuation of helicopter’s rotor blades delamination. They used a method of thermal field measurement as well as a electricity capacitance between an airframe and a heat element of the installation. A suggestion of such measurements appeared during the disassembly of rotor blade heat sections when some local unglue of heat element’s tape from the structure of blade’s heating pack has seen. Spots nearby separation of adhesive are a potential area of a local temperature increase, both the electric heating element and the mechanical structure of the blade. This is especially dangerous for composite structures. Overheated composite structures characterized by reduced flexibility and becomes prone to cracking. Therefore, the possibility of non-invasive monitoring adhesive spots, without removing the blades would be particularly useful.
Rotational and gas temperatures of molecular deuterium in a hollow cathode glow discharge
Authors: Majstorović G. Lj. , Šišović N. M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We report the results of optical emission spectroscopy measurements of rotational Trot and translational (gas) temperature of deuterium molecules. The light source was a low-voltage high-pressure hollow cathode (HC) glow discharge with titanium cathode operated in deuterium. The rotational temperature of excited electronic states of D2 was determined from the intensity distribution in the rotational structure of Q-branches of the two Fulcher-α diagonal bands: [ν′ = ν″ = 2] and [ν′ =ν″ = 3]. The population of the excited energy levels, determined from relative line intensities, was used to derive the radial distributions of the temperature of the excited and the ground state of the deuterium molecule.
Land Management Strategies and their Implications for Mazahua Farmers’ Livelihoods in the Highlands of Central Mexico
Authors: García-Fajardo Belina , Orozco-Hernández María Estela , McDonagh John , Álvarez-Arteaga Gustavo , Mireles-Lezama Patricia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a case study from a Mazahua indigenous community in the rural Highlands of Central Mexico. It analyses Mazahua farming livelihoods characterised by subsistence agriculture, marginality, poverty and severe land degradation. Mazahua farmers face constrained environmental, socioeconomic and cultural conditions, which influence their local decisions on natural resource management. The results describe the capital assets base used, where land, livestock and crop production are imperative assets to support farmers’ livelihood strategies. It analyses local management practices to achieve livelihood outcomes in the short/long term, and to improve or undermine land characteristics and other related assets. It also presents a farmer typology constructed by local perceptions, a controversial element to drive sustainable development strategies at the local level. Finally, it discusses how local land management practices are adopted and their importance in developing alternatives to encourage positive trade-offs between conservation and production in order to improve rural livelihoods.
Opportunities and costs of tourism for a new Humanism
Authors: Bizzarri Carmen 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The first part of this paper describes the flow of tourism on a national and international scale, emphasizing the role that entertainment tourism and theme parks play globally. Following these preliminary remarks, the second part of the paper presents the positive and negative economic effects of leisure tourism opportunities at the European and regional level. The third part of the paper analyses the environmental aspects of tourism and entertainment tourism. It shows that sustainable tourism development can be an essential condition for the protection of natural and cultural resources. Finally, the fourth part summarizes some of the most important social issues arising from tourism activities, among them the conflict between residents and tourists on the exploitation of resources and the demonstration effect deriving from the consumption of resources. To avoid this spoliation and destruction of the destination (land and local community), the paper suggests a new Humanism based on Catholicism as a way to realize a sustainability utopia.
Predicting the Extent of Inundation due to Sea-Level Rise: Al Hamra Development, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. A Pilot Project
Authors: Arthur Robert M. , Garland G. G. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
As new information is received, predictions of sea-level rise resulting from global warming continue to be revised upwards. Measurements indicate that the rise in sea-level is continuing at, or close to, the worst case forecasts (Kellet et al. 2014). Coastal areas are coming under increasing risk of inundation and flooding as storms are predicted to increase in frequency and severity, adding to the risk of inundation due to higher sea levels. Stakeholders, government agencies, developers and land owners require accurate, up to date information to be able to protect coastal areas. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) along with accurate remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR provides the best means for delivering this information. Using these technologies, this paper predicts the risk posed to a large multi-use development in the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. This development, Al Hamra Village, is situated on the coast of the Arabian Gulf. Al Hamra’s physical relationship to the Gulf is in common with other developments in Ras Al Khaimah in its and for this reason has been used as a pilot project. The resulting GIS model shows that Al Hamra is indeed at risk from predicted flood events. How this information can be used as a planning tool for numerous strategies is discussed in this paper.
From Hebrew to Greek: Verbs in Translation in the Book of Ecclesiastes
Authors: Gorton Luke 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This article discusses the translation of verbs in the Book of Ecclesiastes from Hebrew into Greek.
Each Hebrew verbal category is examined in turn. Qal perfective verbs are found to be primarily rendered
via the Greek aorist indicative, while Qal imperfective verbs are translated primarily by both the future
indicative and by the aorist subjunctive. Qal participles are rendered almost equally by Greek participles and
Greek finite forms (usually present), while Qal infinitives and imperatives are rendered by their equivalents
in Greek. With regard to other Hebrew stems, these general trends hold true, but it is noted that Piel and
Hiphil verbs are translated overwhelmingly by Greek active forms (almost never deponent or middle), while
the Niphal is predictably rendered by passive Greek forms. Besides these general trends, the article makes
note of exceptions and oddities which help to elucidate the ancient translator’s understanding of both the
Hebrew and Greek verbal systems.
Between Text and Commentary:
A Characteristic Feature of Jewish Bible
Versions
Authors: Greenspoon Leonard J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Jewish versions of the Bible frequently feature extensive commentaries in addition to translated
text. In many instances these commentaries elicit as much attention as the translation itself—if not more.
Typically combining grammatical and exegetical remarks, these commentaries accompany both freer
and more literal renderings and may contain non-Jewish and non-traditional commentators along with
substantial offerings from mainstream Jewish exegetes. The erudition displayed by these Jewish translators
is extensive, often aimed at a more learned audience than the translated text itself. Overall, such Jewish
versions may be seen as efforts to open up for non-Hebrew readers the intentionally ambiguous language
of the original, where lexical and grammatical multivalence are characteristic features—features that are
frequently lost when rendering words and expressions from one language to another.
Spiritual Transcendence in Psychotherapy:
A Relational, Pragmatic, and Semiotic
Approach
Authors: Salimi Barbod , Sandage Steven J. , Stavros George S. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The last several decades have ushered in an abundance of creative activity and wisdom with
regard to spiritually and/or religiously informed psychotherapy. Most of these pursuits have led to
significant and positive changes, both in thought and practice, in the way that human psychology is seen
as intersecting (and interacting) with religious, theological, and spiritual dimensions of experience. At
the same time much has been neglected amidst these advances. In the present paper, we submit that one
vital area of neglect may be found in an implicit retreat from sacred encounter in favor of instrumentalized
approaches to psychotherapy. We argue for a spiritually transcendent psychotherapy that implicitly
attends to relational and semiotic phenomenology while retaining pragmatic gain.
Modification of Luyckx et al.’s Integrated Process Oriented Model of Identity Formation
Authors: Słowińska Aleksandra , Oleszkowicz Anna 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOur study attempts to assess the validity of a modification of the Luyckx, Schwartz, Berzonsky, Soenens, Vansteenkiste, Smits and Goossens’ dual-cycle model of identity formation (2008). The model has been extended to include a six dimensions because it takes two types of ruminative exploration into account. Thus, the model consists of reflective exploration in breadth, ruminative exploration in breadth and commitment making, which form a commitment formation cycle, and reflective exploration in depth, ruminative exploration in depth and identification with commitment, which in turn form a commitment evaluation cycle. Six hundred and forty-two Caucasian Poles (including 51 early adolescents, 270 late adolescents, 272 emerging adults and 49 young adults; 66% women) participated in our study. Confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis between identity dimensions indicate that the proposed model has a satisfactory internal validity. Analysis of variance in groups with different educational-professional contexts and ages, as well as correlation analysis of the identity dimensions with adjustment indicators, and ruminative and reflective self-consciousness show a satisfactory external validity. In summary, the proposed modification may present an alternative to the original model, but its limitations will also be discussed.
Whose shopping malls and whose shopping streets? Person-environment fit in retail environments
Authors: Dębek Michał , Janda-Dębek Bożena 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Shopping malls and shopping streets are environments frequented by millions of people daily. Malls are purposively built and strictly managed, whereas streets are evolving more spontaneously. Are these different but popular retail environments, out there to meet human needs, a like fit for all of us? Do all of us perceive them in the same way? Do we all feel just as good in them? Use them just as often and enthusiastically? We have set our research in a theoretical frame using one of the key concepts – describing the person-environment fit (P-EF) understood as a mental state giving rise to subsequent positive or negative states or behaviors. We assumed that the possible correlates of P-EF would be the person’s personality, temperament, and their system of values. Our cross-sectional correlational study involved 122 people aged 18 to 40. We found the match with retail environments to be influenced by subject traits, among them: consumption style, social affiliation need and openness to experience. Interestingly, it also turned out that the fit with retail environments is but ambiguously connected with hedonism co-variance, and that shopping streets can make for a fit no worse than malls.
Estimating the Number of Subpopulations (K) in Structured Populations
Authors: Verity Robert , Nichols Richard A 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA key quantity in the analysis of structured populations is the parameter K, which describes the number of subpopulations that make up the total population. Inference of K ideally proceeds via the model evidence, which is equivalent to the likelihood of the model. However, the evidence in favor of a particular value of K cannot usually be computed exactly, and instead programs such as Structure make use of heuristic estimators to approximate this quantity. We show—using simulated data sets small enough that the true evidence can be computed exactly—that these heuristics often fail to estimate the true evidence and that this can lead to incorrect conclusions about K. Our proposed solution is to use thermodynamic integration (TI) to estimate the model evidence. After outlining the TI methodology we demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, using a range of simulated data sets. We find that TI can be used to obtain estimates of the model evidence that are more accurate and precise than those based on heuristics. Furthermore, estimates of K based on these values are found to be more reliable than those based on a suite of model comparison statistics. Finally, we test our solution in a reanalysis of a white-footed mouse data set. The TI methodology is implemented for models both with and without admixture in the software MavericK1.0.
Simple Penalties on Maximum-Likelihood Estimates of Genetic Parameters to Reduce Sampling Variation
Authors: Meyer Karin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Multivariate estimates of genetic parameters are subject to substantial sampling variation, especially for smaller data sets and more than a few traits. A simple modification of standard, maximum-likelihood procedures for multivariate analyses to estimate genetic covariances is described, which can improve estimates by substantially reducing their sampling variances. This is achieved by maximizing the likelihood subject to a penalty. Borrowing from Bayesian principles, we propose a mild, default penalty—derived assuming a Beta distribution of scale-free functions of the covariance components to be estimated—rather than laboriously attempting to determine the stringency of penalization from the data. An extensive simulation study is presented, demonstrating that such penalties can yield very worthwhile reductions in loss, i.e., the difference from population values, for a wide range of scenarios and without distorting estimates of phenotypic covariances. Moreover, mild default penalties tend not to increase loss in difficult cases and, on average, achieve reductions in loss of similar magnitude to computationally demanding schemes to optimize the degree of penalization. Pertinent details required for the adaptation of standard algorithms to locate the maximum of the likelihood function are outlined.
Contrasting Levels of Molecular Evolution on the Mouse X Chromosome
Authors: Larson Erica L , Vanderpool Dan , Keeble Sara , Zhou Meng , Sarver Brice A J , Smith Andrew D , Dean Matthew D , Good Jeffrey M 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe mammalian X chromosome has unusual evolutionary dynamics compared to autosomes. Faster-X evolution of spermatogenic protein-coding genes is known to be most pronounced for genes expressed late in spermatogenesis, but it is unclear if these patterns extend to other forms of molecular divergence. We tested for faster-X evolution in mice spanning three different forms of molecular evolution—divergence in protein sequence, gene expression, and DNA methylation—across different developmental stages of spermatogenesis. We used FACS to isolate individual cell populations and then generated cell-specific transcriptome profiles across different stages of spermatogenesis in two subspecies of house mice (Mus musculus), thereby overcoming a fundamental limitation of previous studies on whole tissues. We found faster-X protein evolution at all stages of spermatogenesis and faster-late protein evolution for both X-linked and autosomal genes. In contrast, there was less expression divergence late in spermatogenesis (slower late) on the X chromosome and for autosomal genes expressed primarily in testis (testis-biased). We argue that slower-late expression divergence reflects strong regulatory constraints imposed during this critical stage of sperm development and that these constraints are particularly acute on the tightly regulated sex chromosomes. We also found slower-X DNA methylation divergence based on genome-wide bisulfite sequencing of sperm from two species of mice (M. musculus and M. spretus), although it is unclear whether slower-X DNA methylation reflects development constraints in sperm or other X-linked phenomena. Our study clarifies key differences in patterns of regulatory and protein evolution across spermatogenesis that are likely to have important consequences for mammalian sex chromosome evolution, male fertility, and speciation.
Promotion of Cell Viability and Histone Gene Expression by the Acetyltransferase Gcn5 and the Protein Phosphatase PP2A in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Petty Emily L , Lafon Anne , Tomlinson Shannon L , Mendelsohn Bryce A , Pillus Lorraine 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Histone modifications direct chromatin-templated events in the genome and regulate access to DNA sequence information. There are multiple types of modifications, and a common feature is their dynamic nature. An essential step for understanding their regulation, therefore, lies in characterizing the enzymes responsible for adding and removing histone modifications. Starting with a dosage-suppressor screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have discovered a functional interaction between the acetyltransferase Gcn5 and the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complex, two factors that regulate post-translational modifications. We find that RTS1, one of two genes encoding PP2A regulatory subunits, is a robust and specific high-copy suppressor of temperature sensitivity of gcn5∆ and a subset of other gcn5∆ phenotypes. Conversely, loss of both PP2ARts1 and Gcn5 function in the SAGA and SLIK/SALSA complexes is lethal. RTS1 does not restore global transcriptional defects in gcn5∆; however, histone gene expression is restored, suggesting that the mechanism of RTS1 rescue includes restoration of specific cell cycle transcripts. Pointing to new mechanisms of acetylation–phosphorylation cross-talk, RTS1 high-copy rescue of gcn5∆ growth requires two residues of H2B that are phosphorylated in human cells. These data highlight the potential significance of dynamic phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of these deeply conserved histone residues for cell viability.
Identification of Coilin Mutants in a Screen for Enhanced Expression of an Alternatively Spliced GFP Reporter Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kanno Tatsuo , Lin Wen-Dar , Fu Jason L , Wu Ming-Tsung , Yang Ho-Wen , Lin Shih-Shun , Matzke Antonius J M , Matzke Marjori 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Coilin is a marker protein for subnuclear organelles known as Cajal bodies, which are sites of various RNA metabolic processes including the biogenesis of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Through self-associations and interactions with other proteins and RNA, coilin provides a structural scaffold for Cajal body formation. However, despite a conspicuous presence in Cajal bodies, most coilin is dispersed in the nucleoplasm and expressed in cell types that lack these organelles. The molecular function of coilin, particularly of the substantial nucleoplasmic fraction, remains uncertain. We identified coilin loss-of-function mutations in a genetic screen for mutants showing either reduced or enhanced expression of an alternatively spliced GFP reporter gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. The coilin mutants feature enhanced GFP fluorescence and diminished Cajal bodies compared with wild-type plants. The amount of GFP protein is several-fold higher in the coilin mutants owing to elevated GFP transcript levels and more efficient splicing to produce a translatable GFP mRNA. Genome-wide RNA-sequencing data from two distinct coilin mutants revealed a small, shared subset of differentially expressed genes, many encoding stress-related proteins, and, unexpectedly, a trend toward increased splicing efficiency. These results suggest that coilin attenuates splicing and modulates transcription of a select group of genes. The transcriptional and splicing changes observed in coilin mutants are not accompanied by gross phenotypic abnormalities or dramatically altered stress responses, supporting a role for coilin in fine tuning gene expression. Our GFP reporter gene provides a sensitive monitor of coilin activity that will facilitate further investigations into the functions of this enigmatic protein.