bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Examination of the Factors Related to a Reduction in the Use of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS)
Authors: Uchiyama Yoshiyasu , Tateiwa Takaaki , Nakajima Daisuke , Takatori Naoki , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
We examined the factors related to a reduction in the use of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for patients at both our hospital and other affiliated institutions.

Materials and Methods:
Of 350 patients who used LIPUS at our and other affiliated institutions from May 2010 to April 2015, 279 (168 males, 111 females) were evaluated, after excluding mortalities and those with unexplained bone adhesion. Those patients with LIPUS compliance [calculated as: (number of days LIPUS was used/number of days LIPUS was available) × 100] below 80% were defined as the non-compliant group (170 patients), and those patients with a compliance rate of 80% or above were defined as the compliant group (109 patients). Factors related to a reduction in compliance were examined and included duration of use, age, sex, fracture side (right or left), and fracture site.

Results:
The duration of use was longer in the non-compliant group compared with that in the compliant group (mean ± SD: 160 ± 118 days vs. 126 ± 81 days; P = 0.01), and the mean age was younger in the non-compliant group (42 ± 20 years vs. 50 ± 21 years; P = 0.002). Additionally, there was a higher ratio of females/males in the compliant group (60/49 vs. 120/50; P = 0.008). However, the side of the fracture was not significantly different between the groups (P = 0.449). Fractures of the forearm were more frequent in the non-compliant group than that in the compliant group (25/170 vs. 7/109; P = 0.003).

Discussion:
The results suggest that the factors predictive of a reduction in the use of LIPUS are a long period of use, younger age, male gender, and use on fractures of the forearm.
How Attending Physician Preceptors Negotiate Their Complex Work Environment: A Collective Ethnography
Authors: Lemaire Jane B. , Wallace Jean E. , Sargious Peter M. , Bacchus Maria , Zarnke Kelly , Ward David R. , Ghali William A. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
To generate an empiric, detailed, and updated view of the attending physician preceptor role and its interface with the complex work environment.

Method
In 2013, the authors conducted a modified collective ethnography with observations of internal medicine medical teaching unit preceptors from two university hospitals in Canada. Eleven observers conducted 32 observations (99.5 hours) of 26 preceptors (30 observations [93.5 hours] of 24 preceptors were included in the analysis). An inductive thematic approach was used to analyze the data with further axial coding to identify connections between themes. Four individuals coded the main data set; differences were addressed through discussion to achieve consensus.

Results
Three elements or major themes of the preceptor role were identified: (1) competence or the execution of traditional physician competencies, (2) context or the extended medical teaching unit environment, and (3) conduct or the manner of acting or behaviors and attitudes in the role. Multiple connections between the elements emerged. The preceptor role appeared to depend on the execution of professional skills (competence) but also was vulnerable to contextual factors (context) independent of these skills, many of which were unpredictable. This vulnerability appeared to be tempered by preceptors’ use of adaptive behaviors and attitudes (conduct), such as creativity, interpersonal skills, and wellness behaviors.

Conclusions
Preceptors not only possess traditional competencies but also enlist additional behaviors and attitudes to deal with context-driven tensions and to negotiate their complex work environment. These skills could be incorporated into role training, orientation, and mentorship.
Association of visceral fat area with the presence of depressive symptoms in Chinese postmenopausal women with normal glucose tolerance
Authors: Xiong Qin , Hu Xiang , Xu Yiting , Zhang Xueli , Pan Xiaoping , Xiao Yunfeng , Ma Xiaojing , Bao Yuqian , Jia Weiping 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objective:
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, and women are more vulnerable to depression than men, particularly during stages of hormonal fluctuations. After menopause, fat accumulation shifts from the subcutaneous area to the visceral area, and the risk of metabolic disorder increases in parallel. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between abdominal fat distribution and the presence of depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Methods:
Visceral fat area (VFA) was detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale.

Results:
In all, 437 normoglycemic postmenopausal women with a mean age of 58.4 ± 5.0 years (mean age at final menstrual period: 50.1 ± 3.5 years) were enrolled in the present study, including 117 individuals with depressive symptoms and 320 individuals without depressive symptoms. The prevalence of abdominal obesity in women with depressive symptoms was much higher than that in those without depressive symptoms (37.6% vs 27.5%; P = 0.042). Participants with depressive symptoms showed elevated VFA values (74.6 ± 29.8 vs 65.9 ± 28.9 cm2; P = 0.006). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that VFA was independently correlated with the presence of depressive symptoms (standardized β = 0.099, P = 0.012).

Conclusions:
In Chinese postmenopausal women, visceral fat accumulation was an independent and positive factor significantly associated with the presence of depressive symptoms.
Vasomotor symptoms are associated with depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older women
Authors: Zeleke Berihun M. , Bell Robin J. , Billah Baki , Davis Susan R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objective:
To assess the prevalence of, and factors associated with, moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older Australian women.

Methods:
A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted amongst community-dwelling older women. Participants were recruited between April and August 2014 from a national database based on the electoral roll. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) tool. Vasomotor symptoms (VMS), vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), and pelvic floor symptoms were assessed using validated questionnaires. Women were provided a comprehensive list of psychotropic medications (antidepressants, benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers) to identify their use over the preceding month.

Results:
In all, 1,534 women completed the BDI-II. Overall, 34.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 31.8%-36.7%) of women had VMS, 6.3% (95% CI 5.2%-7.7%) had moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms (BDI-II score ≥20), 26.8% (95% CI 24.6%-29.1%) had used any psychotropic medication in the previous month, and 17.5% (95%CI: 15.6-19.5%) had taken an antidepressant.
Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were more common among women using antidepressants compared with nonusers (16.6% vs 4.3%; P < 0.001). Obesity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.18, 95% CI 1.17-4.04), living in financially insecure housing (AOR 3.84, 95% CI 2.08-8.08), being a caregiver to another person (AOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.36-4.19), being a smoker (AOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.12-4.66), having VMS (AOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.03-2.62), having pelvic floor dysfunction (AOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.08-2.94), and having vaginal dryness during intercourse (AOR 1.84, 95% CI 1.06-3.22, P < 0.05) were positively and independently associated with moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. Being currently partnered (AOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.33-0.97) and employed (AOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16-0.92) were associated with a lower likelihood of depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:
In older women, depressive symptoms are common and are associated with social and financial insecurity, and with VMS.
Trends in Diagnoses Among Hospitalizations of HIV-infected Children and Adolescents in the United States
Authors: Hurst Stacey A. , Ewing Alexander C. , Ellington Sascha R. , Kourtis Athena P. 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
Using data from 2003–2012, we updated a previous analysis of trends in hospitalizations of HIV-infected children and adolescents in the United States.

Methods:
We used data from the Kids´ Inpatient Database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project to derive nationally representative estimates of the number of hospitalizations and the rates per 1000 hospitalizations of select discharge diagnoses and procedures in 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2012 among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children and adolescents ≤18 years, excluding hospitalizations for conditions related to pregnancy/delivery and neonatal diagnoses. We also examined trends in the prevalence of select discharge diagnoses and procedures using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results:
During 2003–2012, the number of hospitalizations for HIV-infected children declined 58% versus 17% for uninfected, but the odds of having discharge codes for most of the diagnoses and procedures studied, including death during hospitalization, remained higher among HIV-infected compared with uninfected children. Among HIV-infected children, the prevalence of discharge diagnoses for pneumonia, pneumococcal disease and varicella/herpes zoster infections and odds of death during hospitalization decreased over time, while bacterial infections/sepsis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus increased. Among HIV-uninfected children, there was no increase in diagnoses of bacterial infection/sepsis, but otherwise trends were similar.

Conclusions:
The number of hospitalizations for HIV-infected children declined from 2003 to 2012. The decreased prevalence of several discharge diagnoses and lower risk of death during hospitalization likely reflect improvements in HIV therapies and increased uptake of other preventive strategies. However, the increasing prevalence of discharge diagnoses for bacterial infections/sepsis warrants further attention and monitoring.
Liquid toroidal drop under uniform electric field
Authors: Zabarankin Michael 
Published: June 2017

The problem of a stationary liquid toroidal drop freely suspended in another fluid and subjected to an electric field uniform at infinity is addressed analytically. Taylor’s discriminating function implies that, when the phases have equal viscosities and are assumed to be slightly conducting (leaky dielectrics), a spherical drop is stationary when
Q
=(2
R
2
+3
R
+2)/(7
R
2
), where
R
and
Q
are ratios of the phases’ electric conductivities and dielectric constants, respectively. This condition holds for any electric capillary number, Ca
E
, that defines the ratio of electric stress to surface tension. Pairam and Fernández-Nieves showed experimentally that, in the absence of external forces (Ca
E
=0), a toroidal drop shrinks towards its centre, and, consequently, the drop can be stationary only for some Ca
E
>0. This work finds
Q
and Ca
E
such that, under the presence of an electric field and with equal viscosities of the phases, a toroidal drop having major radius
ρ
and volume 4
π
/3 is qualitatively stationary—the normal velocity of the drop’s interface is minute and the interface coincides visually with a streamline. The found
Q
and Ca
E
depend on
R
and
ρ
, and for large
ρ
, e.g.
ρ
≥3, they have simple approximations:
Q
∼(
R
2
+
R
+1)/(3
R
2
) and

Ca

E

∼
3

3
π
ρ

/

2

(
6
ln
⁡
ρ
+
2
ln
⁡
[
96
π
]
−
9
)

/

(
12
ln
⁡
ρ
+
4
ln
⁡
[
96
π
]
−
17
)

(
R
+
1
)

2

/

(
R
−
1
)

2

.
Unique genomic features and deeply-conserved functions of long non-coding RNAs in the Cancer LncRNA Census (CLC)
Authors: Carlevaro-Fita Joana , Lanzós Andrés , Feuerbach Lars , Hong Chen , Mas-Ponte David , Pedersen Jakob Skou , Johnson Rory ,   On behalf of the PCAWG Drivers and Functional Interpretation Group and the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Network
Published: June 2017

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that drive tumorigenesis are a growing focus of cancer genomics studies. To facilitate further discovery, we have created the “Cancer LncRNA Census” (CLC), a manually-curated and strictly-defined compilation of lncRNAs with causative roles in cancer. CLC has two principle applications: first, as a resource for training and benchmarkingde novoidentification methods; and second, as a dataset for studying the fundamental properties of these genes.CLC Version 1 comprises 122 lncRNAs implicated in 29 distinct cancers. LncRNAs are included based on functional or genetic evidence for causative roles in cancer progression. All belong to the GENCODE reference annotation, to enable integration across projects and datasets. For each entry, the evidence type, biological activity (oncogene or tumour suppressor), source reference and cancer type are recorded. Supporting its usefulness, CLC genes are significantly enriched amongstde novopredicted driver genes from PCAWG. CLC genes are distinguished from other lncRNAs by a series of features consistent with biological function, including gene length, high expression and sequence conservation of both exons and promoters. We identify a trend for CLC genes to be co-localised with known protein-coding cancer genes along the human genome. Finally, by integrating data from transposon-mutagenesis functional screens, we show that mouse orthologues of CLC genes tend also to be cancer genes.Thus CLC represents a valuable resource for research into long non-coding RNAs in cancer. Their evolutionary and genomic properties have implications for understanding disease mechanisms and point to conserved functions across ~80 million years of evolution.
A robust explicit integration of elasto-plastic constitutive models, based on simple subincrement size estimation
Authors: Halilovic Miroslav , Starman Bojan , Vrh Marko , Stok Boris 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study, which is designed for the implementation of models in the implicit finite element framework, is to propose a robust, stable and efficient explicit integration algorithm for rate-independent elasto-plastic constitutive models.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed automatic substepping algorithm is founded on an explicit integration scheme. The estimation of the maximal subincrement size is based on the stability analysis.

Findings
In contrast to other explicit substepping schemes, the algorithm is self-correcting by definition and generates no cumulative drift. Although the integration proceeds with maximal possible subincrements, high level of accuracy is attained. Algorithmic tangent stiffness is calculated in explicit form and optionally no analytical second-order derivatives are needed.

Research limitations/implications
The algorithm is convenient for elasto-plastic constitutive models, described with an algebraic constraint and a set of differential equations. This covers a large family of materials in the field of metal plasticity, damage mechanics, etc. However, it cannot be directly used for a general material model, because the presented algorithm is convenient for solving a set of equations of a particular type.

Practical implications
The estimation of the maximal stable subincrement size is computationally cheap. All expressions in the algorithm are in explicit form, thus the implementation is simple and straightforward. The overall performance of the approach (i.e. accuracy, time consumption) is fully comparable with a default (built-in) ABAQUS/Standard algorithm.

Originality/value
The estimated maximal subincrement size enables the algorithm to be stable by definition. Subincrements are much larger than those in conventional substepping algorithms. No error control, error correction or local iterations are required even in the case of large increments.
An effective members-adding method for truss topology optimization based on principal stress trajectories
Authors: Gao Ge , Li Yaobin , Pan Hui , Chen Limin , Liu Zhenyu 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an effective members-adding method for truss topology optimization in plastic design.

Design/methodology/approach
With the help of the distribution of principal stress trajectories, obtained by finite element analysis of the design domain, ineffective zones for force transmission paths can be found, namely, areas whose nodes may have ersatz nodal displacements. Members connected by these nodes are eliminated and the reduced ground structure is used for optimization. Adding members in short to long order and limiting the number of members properly with the most strained ones added, large-scale truss problems in one load case and multiple-load cases are optimized.

Findings
Inefficient members (i.e. bars that fulfil the adding criterion but make no contribution to the optimal structure) added to the ground structure in each iterative step are reduced. Fewer members are used for optimization than before; therefore, faster solution convergence and less computation time are achieved with the optimized result unchanged.

Originality/value
The proposed members-adding method in the paper can alleviate the phenomenon of ersatz nodal displacements, enhance computational efficiency and save calculating resources effectively.
Herbivore performance and plant defense after sequential attacks by inducing and suppressing herbivores
Authors: de Oliveira Elisa Faria , Pallini Angelo , Janssen Arne 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIt is well known that herbivore‐induced plant defenses alter host plant quality and can affect the behavior and performance of later arriving herbivores. Effects of sequential attacks by herbivores that either suppress or induce plant defenses are less well studied. We sequentially infested leaves of tomato plants with a strain of the phytophagous spider mite Tetranychus urticae that induces plant defenses and the closely related Tetranychus evansi, which suppresses plant defenses. Plant quality was quantified through oviposition of both spider mite species and by measuring proteinase inhibitor activity using plant material that had been sequentially attacked by both herbivore species. Spider‐mite oviposition data show that T. evansi could suppress an earlier induction of plant defenses by T. urticae, and T. urticae could induce defenses in plants previously attacked by T. evansi in 1 day. Longer attacks by the second species did not result in further changes in oviposition. Proteinase inhibitor activity levels showed that T. evansi suppressed the high activity levels induced by T. urticae to constitutive levels in 1 day, and further suppressed activity to levels similar to those in plants attacked by T. evansi alone. Attacks by T. urticae induced proteinase inhibitor activity in plants previously attacked by T. evansi, eventually to similar levels as induced by T. urticae alone. Hence, plant quality and plant defenses were significantly affected by sequential attacks and the order of attack does not affect subsequent performance, but does affect proteinase inhibitor activity levels. Based on our results, we discuss the evolution of suppression of plant defenses.
Processing of acceleration and dive data on‐board satellite relay tags to investigate diving and foraging behaviour in free‐ranging marine predators
Authors: Cox Sam L. , Orgeret Florian , Gesta Mathieu , Rodde Charles , Heizer Isaac , Weimerskirch Henri , Guinet Christophe 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Biologging technologies are changing the way in which the marine environment is observed and monitored. However, because device retrieval is typically required to access the high‐resolution data they collect, their use is generally restricted to those animals that predictably return to land. Data abstraction and transmission techniques aim to address this, although currently these are limited in scope and do not incorporate, for example, acceleration measurements which can quantify animal behaviours and movement patterns over fine‐scales.

In this study, we present a new method for the collection, abstraction and transmission of accelerometer data from free‐ranging marine predators via the Argos satellite system. We test run the technique on 20 juvenile southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina from the Kerguelen Islands during their first months at sea following weaning. Using retrieved archival data from nine individuals that returned to the colony, we compare and validate abstracted transmissions against outputs from established accelerometer processing procedures.

Abstracted transmissions included estimates, across five segments of a dive profile, of time spent in prey catch attempt (PrCA) behaviours, swimming effort and pitch. These were then summarised and compared to archival outputs across three dive phases: descent, bottom and ascent. Correlations between the two datasets were variable but generally good (dependent on dive phase, marginal R2 values of between .45 and .6 to >.9) and consistent between individuals. Transmitted estimates of PrCA behaviours and swimming effort were positively biased to those from archival processing.

Data from this study represent some of the first remotely transmitted quantifications from accelerometers. The methods presented and analysed can be used to provide novel insight towards the behaviours and movements of free‐ranging marine predators, such as juvenile southern elephant seals, from whom logger retrieval is challenging. Future applications could however benefit from some adaption, particularly to reduce positive bias in transmitted PrCA behaviours and swimming effort, for which this study provides useful insight.
Response of maize stemborers and associated parasitoids to the spread of grasses in the rainforest zone ofKisangani,DR Congo: effect on stemborers biological control
Authors: Kankonda Onésime M. , Akaibe Benjamin D. , Sylvain Ntambo M. , Le Ru Bruno‐Pierre 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe challenge with respect to nourishing the human population should be met in the context of global environmental change. Land‐use change has the potential to affect insect pest–natural enemy interactions.In theDemocraticRepublic ofCongo, the rainforest zone is subjected to intense anthropogenic disturbances that lead to the spread of habitats with a higher proportion of grasses in the landscape. Such a land‐use change raises the question of its effects on the biological control of insect pests.The proximity of varying vegetation types around agroecosystems is expected to influence species fitting differently and hence the population dynamics of insect pests and their biological control.Thus, the response of maize stemborers and their parasitoids to the spread of habitats with a higher proportion of grasses was assessed along an anthropogenic disturbance gradient in the rainforest zone ofKisangani,DemocraticRepublic ofCongo.The present study identified a decreased density of stemborers and infestation rates on maize as a result of an increased larval/pupal parasitism in wild habitats as the amount of grasses increased in the landscape. This effect was attributed to an increased parasitoid diversity subsequent to the settlement of an abundant and diverse stemborer community in wild habitats.