bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐level laser therapy stimulates the oxidative burst in human neutrophils and increases their fungicidal capacity
Authors: Cerdeira Cláudio Daniel , Lima Brigagão Maísa Ribeiro Pereira , Carli Marina Lara , de Souza Ferreira Cláudia , de Oliveira Isac Moraes Gabriel , Hadad Henrique , Costa Hanemann João Adolfo , Hamblin Michael R. , Sperandio Felipe Fornias 
Published: May 2016

Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) is known to enhance mitochondrial electron transfer and ATP production; thus, this study asked whether LLLT could stimulate the oxidative burst in human neutrophils (PMN) and improve their ability to kill microorganisms. Blood from healthy human subjects was collected and PMN were isolated from the samples. PMN were treated in vitro with 660 nm or 780 nm CW laser light at 40 mW power and increasing energies up to 19.2 J and were subsequently incubated with Candida albicans cells. Generation of hydroxyl radicals, hypochlorite anions and superoxide anions by PMN were checked using fluorescent probes and chemiluminescence assays; a microbicidal activity assay against C. albicans was also performed. LLLT excited PMN to a higher functional profile, which was translated as superior production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased fungicidal capacity. The most efficacious energy was 19.2 J and, interestingly, the 660 nm light was even more efficacious than 780 nm at increasing the respiratory burst of PMN and the fungicidal capacity.
Human neutrophils (PMN) were stimulated in vitro with 660 nm or 780 nm CW laser light at 40 mW of power and a total energy of 19.2 J. Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) excited PMN to a higher functional profile, which was translated as a superior production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and hypochlorite anions (ClO−) (Figure) and increased fungicidal capacity against Candida albicans cells.magnified imageHuman neutrophils (PMN) were stimulated in vitro with 660 nm or 780 nm CW laser light at 40 mW of power and a total energy of 19.2 J. Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) excited PMN to a higher functional profile, which was translated as a superior production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and hypochlorite anions (ClO−) (Figure) and increased fungicidal capacity against Candida albicans cells.
Spatio‐temporal variations of black carbon and optical properties in a regional climate model
Authors: Srivastava Rohit , Bran Sherin H. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe spatio‐temporal variation in black carbon (BC) mass concentration and total aerosol optical properties simulated from regional climate model RegCM Versions 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5 are investigated and compared with in situ and remote sensing measurements. Higher BC mass concentrations (>3 µg m−3) are found over the Indo‐Gangetic Basin (IGB) in all versions. BC mass in RegCM 4.4 and 4.5 are closer to observations. BC mass estimated from RegCM 4.4 and 4.5 is found to agree within 20% with respect to observation during pre‐monsoon and monsoon seasons. The differences in observed and simulated mass are >50% during winter over all locations and during winter and post‐monsoon over western India, which suggests the need of improvement in emission inventory over the region, as emissions from the biofuel and crop residue burning in agriculture are very low in the emission inventories. RegCM 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5‐simulated aerosol optical depths (AODs) are found to have more than 40% underestimation during winter and the post‐monsoon over Kanpur, while 4.3 overestimates AOD during the pre‐monsoon and monsoon seasons over Kanpur, and during all seasons except winter over Gandhi College. Single scattering albedo (SSA) values range from 0.75 to 0.95 in 4.4 and 4.5. Lower SSA values are found over the IGB where anthropogenic emissions dominate. SSA simulated by RegCM 4.4 and 4.5 are lowered by 2–10% with respect to aerosol robotic network (AERONET)‐derived SSA. Moreover, during winter such differences are higher (>10%). The RegCM 4.4 and 4.5‐simulated BC mass concentrations are nearer to observations, while for columnar optical properties, RegCM 4.3 is more close to measurement. BC mass is 10–30% closer to observations when model for ozone and related chemical tracers‐chemical transport model chemical boundary condition are utilized in addition to CAM + EC‐EARTH.
Is the photometric method using acetone extracts to determine chlorophyll concentrations applicable to Mg‐deficient plants?
Authors: Jung Stephan , Krippner Johanna , Schubert Sven 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA conventional photometric method to determine chlorophyll concentrations in maize leaves was evaluated. It was tested whether in Mg‐deficient plant tissue the addition of MgCO3 during pigment extraction converts protoporphyrin IX into chlorophyll, falsifying concentration measurements. The non‐destructive N‐tester was used as a reference for the destructive chlorophyll determination. It is shown that both methods are valid for the determination of chlorophyll concentration in Mg‐deficient leaves.
Single‐Electron Transfer in σ‐Complexation Reactions of 2,6‐Dimethoxy‐3,5‐dinitropyridine with Para‐X‐phenoxide Anions in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Mahdhaoui Faouzi , Dhahri Nejeh , Boubaker Taoufik 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTSecond‐order rate constants have been measured spectrophotometrically for reactions of 2,6‐dimethoxy‐3,5‐dinitropyridine 1 with 4‐X‐substituted phenoxide anions (X = OMe, Me, H, Cl, and CN) 2a–e in aqueous solution at various temperatures. The effect of phenoxide substituents on the reaction rate was examined quantitatively on the basis of kinetic measurements, leading to nonlinear correlations of Δ≠H and Δ≠S with Hammett's substituent constants (σ). Each Hammett plots exhibits two intersecting straight lines for the reactions of 1 with the phenoxide anions 2a–e, whereas the Yukawa–Tsuno plots for the same reactions are linear. The large negative ρ values (−4.03 to −3.80) obtained for the reactions of 1 with the phenoxide anions possessing an electron‐donating group supports the proposal that the reactions proceed through a single‐electron transfer mechanism.
Liver disease in patients undergoing head and neck surgery: Incidence and risk for postoperative complications
Authors: Cramer John D. , Patel Urjeet A. , Samant Sandeep , Yang Amy , Smith Stephanie Shintani 
Published: May 2016

Objectives/HypothesisHead and neck cancer patients have multiple risk factors for liver disease. However, little is known about the incidence of liver disease or the safety of surgery in these patients.Study DesignWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from 2005 to 2013.MethodsWe identified patients undergoing head and neck surgery and excluded them if preoperative laboratory data were missing. Patients were classified as having liver disease if their preoperative aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index was ≥ 0.7, and as having advanced liver disease if their Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease‐Sodium score was ≥ 10. We compared the rate of postoperative complications using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsAmong 19,138 eligible patients, the incidence of any degree of liver disease was 6.8% for aerodigestive tract surgery and 3.3% for controls. The 30‐day mortality rate after major head and neck surgery, which included composite resection; free tissue transfer; and total laryngectomy with advanced, mild, and no liver disease, was 14.6%, 3.0%, and 0.9%, respectively (P < 0.001). For nonmajor surgery, the mortality rate was 3.0%, 0.3%, and 0.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, patients with advanced liver disease experienced a six‐fold higher rate of 30‐day mortality (odds ratio 6.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.9–12.8).ConclusionThere is a high risk to detect liver disease in patients undergoing head and neck surgery of the aerodigestive tract. Those with advanced liver disease are at high risk for perioperative mortality, and this risk should be judiciously considered in medical/surgical decision making and postoperative care.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 127:102–109, 2017
Identification and characterization of ovary development‐related protein EJO1 (Eri s 2) from the ovary of Eriocheir sinensis as a new food allergen
Authors: Zhu Lina , She Tiantian , Zhang Yingying , Li Shaoshen , Xu Zixian , Yan Juanjuan , Li Huiqiang 
Published: May 2016

ScopeCrab is a major source of shellfish allergens. Most studies have focused on allergens in crab muscle (CM) rather than on allergens in crab ovary (CO). This study aimed to identify potential allergens in CO from Eriocheir sinensis.Methods and resultsDot blot and immunoblotting results revealed the differential reactivity of CM and CO extracts to positive sera from patients allergic to crabs. Four CO proteins showed good specific IgE‐binding activities in 2‐DE/immunoblotting analysis; mass spectrometry identified the proteins as hemocyanin, vitellogenin, ovary development‐related protein EJO1and EJO2. The recently identified allergen EJO1 is named ‘Eri s 2’ in the World Health Organization and International Union of Immunological Societies (WHO/IUIS) allergen nomenclature database. Recombinant Eri s 2 exhibited good reactivity to positive sera, and pre‐incubation with recombinant Eri s 2 abrogated the reactivity of positive sera from two patients to CO in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, co‐incubation of recombinant Eri s 2 with patient basophils dose‐dependently promoted basophil activation, confirming the biological activity of Eri s 2.ConclusionCO tissue is an important allergen source, and Eri s 2 is a new crab allergen. This study provides insights that will be useful for component‐resolved diagnostics for crab allergy.
A locking‐free nine‐DOF triangular plate element with incompatible approximation
Authors: Cai Yongchang , Zhu Hehua 
Published: May 2016

SummaryIn this paper, a simple locking‐free triangular plate element, labeled here as Mindlin‐type triangular plate element with nine degrees of freedom (MTP9), is presented. The element employs an incompatible approximation with nine degrees of freedom (DOFs) independent of the nodes and the shape of the triangle to define the displacements u/v/w(which is similar to a general solid element) along the x/y/z axes. It is free of shear locking, has a proper rank, and provides stable solutions for thick and thin plates. Moreover, the paper provides a new way to develop simple and efficient locking‐free thick–thin‐plate/shell elements. A variety of numerical examples demonstrate the convergence, accuracy, and robustness of the present element MTP9. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative study of poly(l‐lactide)‐block‐poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) six‐armed star diblock copolymers and polylactide/poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) blends
Authors: Konwar Debanga Bhusan , Jacob Josemon , Satapathy Bhabani K 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper deals with the synthesis of a series of six‐armed star diblock copolymers based on poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) and poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) by ring‐opening polymerization using stannous octoate as catalyst and the preparation of polylactide (PLA)/PCLlinear blends using a solution blending technique, while keeping thePLA‐to‐PCLratio comparable in both systems. The thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of the copolymers and the blends were comparatively studied. The melting point and the degree of crystallinity were found to be lower for the copolymers than the blends due to poor folding property of star copolymers. Dynamic rheology revealed that the star polymers have lower elastic modulus, storage modulus and viscosity as compared to the corresponding blends with similar composition. The blends show two‐phase dispersed morphology whereas the copolymers exhibited microphase separated morphology with elongated (worm‐like) microdomains. The crystalline structures of the copolymers were characterized by larger crystallites than their blend counterparts, as estimated using Sherrer's equation based on wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction data. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Novel carboxyl functional spherical electromagnetic polypyrrole nanocomposite polymer particles with good magnetic and conducting properties
Authors: Ahmad Hasan , Ali Mohammad A , Rahman Mohammad M , Alam Mohammad A , Tauer Klaus , Minami Hideto , Shabnam Rukhsana 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMagnetic conducting nanoparticles with reactive functional groups are attractive materials for applications in electromagnetic interference shielding, magneto‐optical storage, biomedical sensing, gas and humidity sensors, flexible electronics etc. The objective of this work was to prepare carboxyl functionalized polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposite particles having good magnetic properties. Electromagnetic PPy nanostructures, abbreviated as PPy/γ‐Fe2O3, were first prepared by a chemical one‐step method. In this reaction process FeCl3 is used as an oxidant for the polymerization of pyrrole and as a source of Fe3+ for the formation of γ‐Fe2O3. The formation of γ‐Fe2O3 is also aided by the initial presence of Fe2+, and p‐toluenesulfonic acid (p‐TSA) acted as a dopant. The effects of different stabilizers on the stability and morphology of PPy/γ‐Fe2O3 particles were evaluated. The presence of citric acid/sodium dodecyl sulfate during chemical oxidative polymerization produced a relatively stable PPy/γ‐Fe2O3 colloidal emulsion. PPy/γ‐Fe2O3/poly(methylmethacrylate‐methacrylic acid) (PPy/γ‐Fe2O3/P(MMA‐MAA)) nanocomposite polymer particles were then prepared by the seeded copolymerization of MMA and MAA in the presence of magnetic PPy/γ‐Fe2O3 nanocomposite seed particles. The structure and morphology of the prepared nanocomposites were confirmed by different instrumental techniques such as Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, UV−visible spectroscopy, electron micrographs, XRD and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrical and magnetic properties were also investigated. The carboxyl functional electromagnetic PPy nanocomposite polymer particles should be useful for the immobilization of drugs or biomolecules to design electrically stimulated drug delivery systems for modulating the activities of nerve, cardiac, skeletal muscle and bone cells. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Recent advances in magnetic hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Junxue , Huang Qiutong , Du Jianzhong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSmart hydrogels that respond to magnetic fields have attracted increasing interest in recent years. This is as a result of their numerous potential applications such as tunable delivery vehicles, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, hyperthermal therapy agents, etc. In this review, we summarize the methods for preparing magnetic hydrogels. Then we give an overview of magnetic hydrogels with various applications. Finally, the current limitations in the preparation and application of magnetic hydrogels are discussed and perspectives will be proposed for the next generation of hydrogels. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Exploring amino acid‐tethered polymethacrylates as CO2‐sensitive macromolecules: A concealed property
Authors: Bauri Kamal , Pan Abhishek , Haldar Ujjal , Narayanan Amal , De Priyadarsi 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTCarbon dioxide (CO2)‐responsive polymers have been gaining considerable interest because of their reactions with CO2, giving rise to gas‐switchable properties, which can easily be reversed by mild heating or purging with inert gases. Herein, the synthesis of a series of side‐chain amino acids (alanine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan) appending poly(meth)acrylates carrying primary amine (NH2) groups via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization method was reported. It was found that alanine, leucine, isoleucine containing polymers displayed solubility–insolubility transition behavior and their associated property changes (solution transmittance, electrical conductivity, pH, zeta potential, and hydrodynamic diameter) in water upon alternate bubbling of CO2/N2 at room temperature. Among the three CO2‐sensitive polymers only leucine based macromolecule was further chain extended with a thermoresponsive motif, di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMMA), via RAFT polymerization. CO2‐tunable lower critical solution temperature and self‐assembling behavior of the diblock copolymer was carefully examined by UV–vis, 1H NMR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) to establish dual thermo and gas‐tunable flip–flop micellizaion from the as‐synthesized block copolymer. Formation of polyammonium methacrylate bearing bicarbonate as counter anion is responsible for pendant primary amine containing polymer induced CO2‐responsiveness. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2794–2803
Design of free‐standing microstructured conducting polymer films for enhanced particle removal from non‐uniform surfaces
Authors: Laster Jennifer S. , Deom Nicholas A. , Beaudoin Stephen P. , Boudouris Bryan W. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTEfficient removal of particles from topologically‐complex surfaces is of significant import for a range of applications (e.g., explosive residue removal in security arenas). Here, we synthesize next‐generation polymeric particle removal swabs with tuned structural features to elucidate the influence of the polymer microstructure on the removal of trace particles from surfaces. Specifically, microstructured free‐standing films of the conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy) were synthesized through template‐assisted electropolymerization techniques. The removal of polystyrene microspheres from representative aluminum surfaces of varying roughness was evaluated as a function of the PPy microstructure. PPy‐based microstructured swabs displayed increased particle trapping properties relative to non‐textured PPy‐based swabs and current commercial swabs. This increased effectiveness occurred from the more intimate particle‐swab contact, leading to increased van der Waals interactions for the microstructured swabs. Therefore, this effort provides critical design rules for the production of microstructured conducting polymer materials for their application toward advanced particle removal technologies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1968–1974
Barrier Coverage
Authors: Balister Paul , Bollobás Béla , Sarkar Amites 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSuppose sensors are deployed randomly in a long thin strip, and suppose each sensor can detect objects within a fixed distance. We say that the sensors achieve barrier coverage if there is no path across the strip that a small object can follow that avoids detection by the sensors. We give fairly precise results on the probability that barrier coverage is achieved as a function of the range of the sensors, the height and length of the strip, and the number of sensors deployed. In particular, we show that the most likely obstruction—a rectangular region crossing the strip which is devoid of sensors—does not in general dominate the probability of failure of barrier coverage. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 49, 429–478, 2016
Prediction of striatal D2 receptor binding by DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA allele status
Authors: Eisenstein Sarah A. , Bogdan Ryan , Love‐Gregory Latisha , Corral‐Frías Nadia S. , Koller Jonathan M. , Black Kevin J. , Moerlein Stephen M. , Perlmutter Joel S. , Barch Deanna M. , Hershey Tamara 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn humans, the A1 (T) allele of the dopamine (DA) D2 receptor/ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (DRD2/ANKK1) TaqIA (rs1800497) single nucleotide polymorphism has been associated with reduced striatal DA D2/D3 receptor (D2/D3R) availability. However, radioligands used to estimate D2/D3R are displaceable by endogenous DA and are nonselective for D2R, leaving the relationship between TaqIA genotype and D2R specific binding uncertain. Using the positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand, (N‐[11C]methyl)benperidol ([11C]NMB), which is highly selective for D2R over D3R and is not displaceable by endogenous DA, the current study examined whether DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA genotype predicts D2R specific binding in two independent samples. Sample 1 (n = 39) was composed of obese and nonobese adults; sample 2 (n = 18) was composed of healthy controls, unmedicated individuals with schizophrenia, and siblings of individuals with schizophrenia. Across both samples, A1 allele carriers (A1+) had 5 to 12% less striatal D2R specific binding relative to individuals homozygous for the A2 allele (A1−), regardless of body mass index or diagnostic group. This reduction is comparable to previous PET studies of D2/D3R availability (10–14%). The pooled effect size for the difference in total striatal D2R binding between A1+ and A1− was large (0.84). In summary, in line with studies using displaceable D2/D3R radioligands, our results indicate that DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA allele status predicts striatal D2R specific binding as measured by D2R‐selective [11C]NMB. These findings support the hypothesis that DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA allele status may modify D2R, perhaps conferring risk for certain disease states.
Robert's uterus: modern imaging techniques and ultrasound‐guided hysteroscopic treatment without laparoscopy or laparotomy
Authors: Ludwin A. , Ludwin I. , Martins W. P. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTRobert's uterus is a unique malformation, described as a septate uterus with a non‐communicating hemicavity, consisting of a blind uterine horn usually with unilateral hematometra, a contralateral unicornuate uterine cavity and a normally shaped external uterine fundus. The main symptom in affected young women is pelvic pain that becomes intensified near menses. We describe the case of a 22‐year‐old woman who was referred for diagnostic assessment and treatment of a congenital uterine anomaly. We used three‐dimensional sonohysterography with volume‐contrast imaging, HDLive rendering mode and automatic volume calculation (SonoHysteroAVC) for the diagnosis, surgical planning and postoperative evaluation. These imaging techniques provided a complete understanding of the internal and external uterine structures, enabling us to perform a minimally invasive hysteroscopic metroplasty, guided by transrectal ultrasound, and therefore avoiding the need for laparotomy/laparoscopy. The outcome of treatment was considered satisfactory; menstruation ceased to be painful and, after two hysteroscopic procedures, the communicating 0.3‐cm3 hemicavity was visualized as a 3.6‐cm3 normalized uterine cavity using the same imaging techniques. The findings of this case report raise questions about the embryological origin of Robert's uterus, the suitability of current classification systems, and the role of more invasive approaches (laparoscopy/laparotomy) and surgical procedures (horn resection/endometrectomy) that do not aim to improve uterine cavity shape and volume in women with this condition. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.