bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Our experience in using telehealth for paediatric plastic surgery in Western Australia
Authors: Rimal Debesh , Huang Fu Ju Hui , Gillett David 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundWestern Australia accounts for one‐third of Australia's total land mass. Princess Margaret Hospital is the only dedicated plastic surgery tertiary referral centre providing services to over 500 000 children across the state. The aim of this study is to share our experience using telehealth for service provision and delivery of care in a geographically challenging setting.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted, and data were extracted from patients’ notes. The time period was from January 2014 to 31 December 2015 and included all patients registered for plastic surgery telehealth service.ResultsThere were a total of 194 rural patients (66 males and 128 females), 26 of whom were elective cases. A total of 358 telehealth follow‐up consultations were conducted for the 194 patients during the study period. A total of 10 patients were managed via telehealth alone without a clinical review in Perth; 24 patients had their first clinical review in Perth and further follow‐up via telehealth, and 99 patients were post‐operative cases. Case load ranged from skin lacerations to complex soft tissue and bony injuries as well as elective hand and craniofacial post‐operative follow‐up cases. Telehealth service was utilized mainly for post‐operative follow‐up.ConclusionIt is our experience that telehealth provides access to Specialist Plastic Surgery service across the state. We utilize telehealth for a wide scope of functions. Patients in rural areas are managed in their home environments, reducing financial and psychosocial burden with the option of transfer to Princess Margaret Hospital should an intervention be required.
The HemoCue WBC DIFF system could be used for leucocyte and neutrophil counts but not for full differential counts
Authors: Karawajczyk Malgorzata , Haile Saba , Grabski Magnus , Larsson Anders 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the HemoCue WBC DIFF system for point of care testing of fingerstick samples from paediatric patients.MethodsWe analysed 158 white blood cell counts on both the point of care HemoCue WBC DIFF instrument and the Cell Dyn Sapphire cell counter used by our central laboratory and compared the results. The measurements were performed using fingerstick samples drawn by nurses working in paediatric emergency and paediatric oncology units.ResultsThere was good agreement between the two instruments for white blood cell and neutrophil counts. The correlation was weaker for lymphocytes, and the correlations were poor for monocytes and eosinophils. The HemoCue WBC DIFF flagged 56 of the 148 capillary drawn samples as abnormal, but none of the 10 venously collected samples. Only two of the flagged samples differed significantly between the instruments, with regard to the cell counts.ConclusionThe correlations between the white blood cell counts and neutrophil counts in this real‐life study were good enough to diagnose children in emergency department and oncology unit settings. However, the high number of pathological flags from fingerstick samples, which made reruns necessary, limited the usefulness of the instrument.
Hypoxia‐stimulated membrane trafficking requires T‐plastin
Authors: Wottawa M. , Naas S. , Böttger J. , van Belle G. J. , Möbius W. , Revelo N. H. , Heidenreich D. , von Ahlen M. , Zieseniss A. , Kröhnert K. , Lutz S. , Lenz C. , Urlaub H. , Rizzoli S. O. , Katschinski D. M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimTraffic between the plasma membrane and the endomembrane compartments is an essential feature of eukaryotic cells. The secretory pathway sends cargoes from biosynthetic compartments to the plasma membrane. This is counterbalanced by a retrograde endocytic route and is essential for cell homoeostasis. Cells need to adapt rapidly to environmental challenges such as the reduction of pO2 which, however, has not been analysed in relation to membrane trafficking in detail. Therefore, we determined changes in the plasma membrane trafficking in normoxia, hypoxia, and after reoxygenation.MethodsMembrane trafficking was analysed by using the bulk membrane endocytosis marker FM 1‐43, the newly developed membrane probe mCLING, wheat germ agglutinin as well as fluorescently labelled cholera toxin subunit B. Additionally, the uptake of specific membrane proteins was determined. In parallel, a non‐biased SILAC screen was performed to analyse the abundance of membrane proteins in normoxia and hypoxia.ResultsMembrane trafficking was increased in hypoxia and quickly reversed upon reoxygenation. This effect was independent of the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) system. Using SILAC technology, we identified that the actin‐bundling protein T‐plastin is recruited to the plasma membrane in hypoxia. By the use of T‐plastin knockdown cells, we could show that T‐plastin mediates the hypoxia‐induced membrane trafficking, which was associated with an increased actin density in the cells as determined by electron microscopy.ConclusionMembrane trafficking is highly dynamic upon hypoxia. This phenotype is quickly reversible upon reoxygenation, which suggests that this mechanism participates in the cellular adaptation to hypoxia.
Fatty acid composition, fat deposition, lipogenic gene expression and performance of broiler fed diet supplemented with different sources of oil
Authors: Khatun Jannatara , Loh Teck Chwen , Akit Henny , Foo Hooi Ling , Mohamad Rosfarizan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe present study assessed the effect of feeding palm oil (PO), sunflower oil (SO) and their combination on performance, fat deposition, fatty acid composition and lipogenic gene expression of broilers reared for 42 days. A total of 144 1‐day‐old broilers (Cobb500) were randomly allotted into four treatment diets with each having six replicates of six chicks in each replicate following a completely randomized design. Live weight gain and feed efficiency was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in birds fed with a combination of oil sources compared to controls. Birds fed with the combination of oil and SO alone had higher carcass yield and lower abdominal fat. Higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and lower concentrations of palmitic acid and saturated fatty acid (SFA) was found in birds fed SO alone and combinations of SO and PO. Furthermore, the outcomes showed that birds fed diet supplemented with SO and the combination of SO and PO down‐regulated gene expression of key hepatic lipogenic enzymes of fatty acids synthase (FAS), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD). These findings suggest that the diet containing the combination of 2% PO and 4% SO may reduce hepatic lipogenesis, as well as lower abdominal fat content of broilers.
The role of extracorporeal photopheresis in the management of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, graft‐versus‐host disease and organ transplant rejection: a consensus statement update from the UK Photopheresis Society
Authors: Alfred Arun , Taylor Peter C. , Dignan Fiona , El‐Ghariani Khaled , Griffin James , Gennery Andrew R. , Bonney Denise , Das‐Gupta Emma , Lawson Sarah , Malladi Ram K. , Douglas Kenneth W. , Maher Tracey , Guest Julie , Hartlett Laura , Fisher Andrew J. , Child Fiona , Scarisbrick Julia J. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been used for over 35 years in the treatment of erythrodermic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) and over 20 years for chronic and acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) and solid organ transplant rejection. ECP for CTCL and GvHD is available at specialised centres across the UK. The lack of prospective randomised trials in ECP led to the development of UK Consensus Statements for patient selection, treatment schedules, monitoring protocols and patient assessment criteria for ECP. The recent literature has been reviewed and considered when writing this update. Most notably, the national transition from the UVAR XTS® machine to the new CELLEX machine for ECP with dual access and a shorter treatment time has led to relevant changes in these schedules. This consensus statement updates the previous statement from 2007 on the treatment of CTCL and GvHD with ECP using evidence based medicine and best medical practise and includes guidelines for both children and adults.
Multiple sclerosis and nephrolithiasis: a matched‐case comparative study
Authors: Ganesan Vishnu , Chen Wen Min , Jain Rajat , De Shubha , Monga Manoj 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo compare stone composition and serum/urine biochemistries in stone formers with multiple sclerosis (MS) against stone formers without MS and to examine the association between mobility, methods of bladder emptying, and stone formation.Patients and MethodsIn this retrospective case‐control study, we identified patients diagnosed with MS and kidney stone disease who were seen at our institution between 2001 and 2016. For the first part of the study, up to two controls (stone formers without a history of MS) were identified for each case and matched on age, body mass index, and sex. For the second part of this study, matched controls (MS patients without a history of stones) were identified in a 1:1 ratio in a similar fashion. Results of 24‐h urine biochemistry studies, stone compositions, serum laboratory measures, medications, history of stone surgeries, mobility, and method of bladder emptying were collected.ResultsIn all, 587 patients were identified who had both MS and a history of stone disease. Of these, 118 patients had a stone composition available. When compared to matched controls, patients with MS were significantly more likely to have calcium phosphate stones (42% vs 15%, P < 0.001) and struvite stones (8% vs 3%, P = 0.03) and less likely to have calcium oxalate monohydrate stones (39% vs 64%, P < 0.001). Among those patients with a composition available, those with MS were more likely to have undergone a percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL; 25% vs 12%, P = 0.005) or a cystolithopaxy (16% vs 3%, P < 0.001) compared to their matched controls. In all, 61 patients had a complete 24‐h urinary stone panel. There were no significant differences in urinary pH, volume, creatinine, calcium, citrate, oxalate, sodium, and uric acid as well as rates of hypocitraturia, hyperoxaluria, hypercalciuria, and hyperuricosuria among patients with MS. Use of intermittent straight catheterisation [ISC; odds ratio (OR) 3.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.89–6.47]; P < 0.001] or an indwelling catheter (OR 9.78, 95% CI 4.81–19.88; P < 0.001) for bladder emptying was significantly associated with stone disease. There was no association between level of mobility and stone disease (P = 0.10).ConclusionsSimilar to findings seen in patients with spinal cord injuries, patients with MS have a high incidence of calcium phosphate stones and struvite stones when compared with matched controls. Additionally, they were more likely to undergo PCNL. The method of bladder management appears to be a risk factor in the development of stone disease. These findings suggest the importance of prompt treatment of urinary tract infections in this population and delay the use of ISC, suprapubic tube, or an indwelling Foley, when possible.
Long‐term results of ileal ureteric replacement: a 25‐year single‐centre experience
Authors: Kocot Arkadius , Kalogirou Charis , Vergho Daniel , Riedmiller Hubertus 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo report the long‐term outcomes of ileal ureteric replacement (IUR) in complex reconstruction of the urinary tract.Patients and MethodsFrom 1991 to 2016, IUR was performed in 157 patients with structural or functional ureteric loss. In 52 patients, bilateral IUR became necessary. Implantation sites where either the native urinary bladder (n = 79) or intestinal reservoirs (n = 78). In the latter group, the technique was used at the time of primary urinary diversion (n = 34), in a secondary approach (n = 29), and in undiversion or conversion procedures (n = 15). Anti‐refluxive implantation was performed in 37 patients. In eight patients the ileal ureter was implanted into the cutis as an ileal conduit. All patients were followed prospectively according to a standardised protocol.ResultsThe mean follow‐up was 54.1 months. In 114 patients with dilatation of the upper urinary tract before surgery a significant improvement of the dilatation was confirmed in 98 patients. Serum creatinine levels decreased or remained stable in 147 of the 157 patients. Reflux was present in all cases without and in six cases with an anti‐reflux mechanism. In six patients, operative revision became necessary because of severe metabolic acidosis, mucus obstruction or stenosis of the ileal ureter.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the world's largest single‐centre series of IUR reported to date. Long‐term follow‐up confirms that this approach is a safe and reliable solution, even under complex conditions. Anti‐refluxive implantation is recommended for intestinal reservoirs, whereas reflux prevention seems to be of minor importance when the native bladder is chosen as the site of implantation.
Elastase‐2, an angiotensin II‐generating enzyme, contributes to increased angiotensin II in resistance arteries of mice with myocardial infarction
Authors: Becari Christiane , Silva Marcondes A B , Durand Marina T , Prado Cibele M , Oliveira Eduardo B , Ribeiro Mauricio S , Salgado Helio C , Salgado Maria Cristina O , Tostes Rita C 
Published: February 2017

Background and PurposeAngiotensin II (Ang II), whose generation largely depends on angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity, mediates most of the renin‐angiotensin‐system (RAS) effects. Elastase‐2 (ELA‐2), a chymotrypsin‐serine protease elastase family member 2A, alternatively generates Ang II in rat arteries. Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to intense RAS activation, but mechanisms involved in Ang II‐generation in resistance arteries are unknown. We hypothesized that ELA‐2 contributes to vascular Ang II generation and cardiac damage in mice subjected to MI.Experimental ApproachConcentration‐effect curves to Ang I and Ang II were performed in mesenteric resistance arteries from male wild type (WT) and ELA‐2 knockout (ELA‐2KO) mice subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (MI).Key ResultsMI size was similar in WT and ELA‐2KO mice. Ejection fraction and fractional shortening after MI similarly decreased in both strains. However, MI decreased stroke volume and cardiac output in WT, but not in ELA‐2KO mice. Ang I‐induced contractions increased in WT mice subjected to MI (MI‐WT) compared with sham‐WT mice. No differences were observed in Ang I reactivity between arteries from ELA‐2KO and ELA‐2KO subjected to MI (MI‐ELA‐2KO). Ang I contractions increased in arteries from MI‐WT versus MI‐ELA‐2KO mice. Chymostatin attenuated Ang I‐induced vascular contractions in WT mice, but did not affect Ang I responses in ELA‐2KO arteries.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results provide the first evidence that ELA‐2 contributes to increased Ang II formation in resistance arteries and modulates cardiac function after MI, implicating ELA‐2 as a key player in ACE‐independent dysregulation of the RAS.
Lamarck rises from his grave: parental environment‐induced epigenetic inheritance in model organisms and humans
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Huijie , Sun Zhongsheng 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTOrganisms can change their physiological/behavioural traits to adapt and survive in changed environments. However, whether these acquired traits can be inherited across generations through non‐genetic alterations has been a topic of debate for over a century. Emerging evidence indicates that both ancestral and parental experiences, including nutrition, environmental toxins, nurturing behaviour, and social stress, can have powerful effects on the physiological, metabolic and cellular functions in an organism. In certain circumstances, these effects can be transmitted across several generations through epigenetic (i.e. non‐DNA sequence‐based rather than mutational) modifications. In this review, we summarize recent evidence on epigenetic inheritance from parental environment‐induced developmental and physiological alterations in nematodes, fruit flies, zebrafish, rodents, and humans. The epigenetic modifications demonstrated to be both susceptible to modulation by environmental cues and heritable, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and small non‐coding RNAs, are also summarized. We particularly focus on evidence that parental environment‐induced epigenetic alterations are transmitted through both the maternal and paternal germlines and exert sex‐specific effects. The thought‐provoking data presented here raise fundamental questions about the mechanisms responsible for these phenomena. In particular, the means that define the specificity of the response to parental experience in the gamete epigenome and that direct the establishment of the specific epigenetic change in the developing embryos, as well as in specific tissues in the descendants, remain obscure and require elucidation. More precise epigenetic assessment at both the genome‐wide level and single‐cell resolution as well as strategies for breeding at relatively sensitive periods of development and manipulation aimed at specific epigenetic modification are imperative for identifying parental environment‐induced epigenetic marks across generations. Considering their diverse epigenetic architectures, the conservation and prevalence of the mechanisms underlying epigenetic inheritance in non‐mammals require further investigation in mammals. Interpretation of the consequences arising from epigenetic inheritance on organisms and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms will provide insight into how gene–environment interactions shape developmental processes and physiological functions, which in turn may have wide‐ranging implications for human health, and understanding biological adaptation and evolution.
Male wage inequality and marital dissolution: Is there a link?
Authors: Bellou Andriana 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAfter almost a century‐long pattern of rising marital instability, divorce rates levelled off in 1980 and have been declining ever since. The timing of deceleration and decline in the rates of marital dissolution interestingly coincides with a period of substantial growth in wage inequality. This paper establishes a novel connection between the two phenomena and discusses potential explanations for the underlying link. Using female marital histories in a duration analysis framework combined with regional and temporal variation in the pattern of male wage dispersion, I show that inequality has a significant stabilizing effect on the marriage. Quantitatively, increases in male wage dispersion can roughly explain up to 30% of the fall in the mean separation probability between 1979 and 1990. Several plausible explanations are discussed: changes in spousal labour supplies, female wage inequality, income uncertainty, social capital as well as a hypothesis where inequality renders the option to divorce less attractive by making remarriage more difficult.
Income inequality and export prices across countries
Authors: Flach Lisandra , Janeba Eckhard 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper provides theory and evidence on the links between income inequality within a destination country and the patterns of trade and export prices. The theoretical framework relates income inequality to product quality and prices using a simple demand composition effect. The model predicts that a more unequal income distribution in a destination country leads to higher average prices, though the effect is nonlinear and disappears for rich enough countries. The predictions are tested using detailed firm‐level data. Controlling for income per capita, prices are systematically higher in more unequal destinations, and the strength of this effect depends on income per capita. Results are particularly important for middle‐income countries and hold only for differentiated goods, and in particular for products with a high degree of vertical differentiation.
Vertical integration and supplier finance
Authors: Görg Holger , Kersting Erasmus 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper studies access to finance by suppliers that are linked to a multinational enterprise. The theoretical framework consists of a property rights model featuring suppliers that are either vertically integrated or sell to the multinational at arm's length, which in turn affects the availability of different sources of credit. Integrated suppliers are predicted to cover a relatively larger share of their costs using internal sources, consisting of initial wealth plus funds from the multinational parent. In addition, due to the diminished dependence on external funds (local bank credit), integrated suppliers' funding shares are less responsive to changes in their home country's level of financial development. We test the model's predictions using firm survey data from over 50 developing and emerging countries and find broad support.
Toward a Sociology of Oceans
Authors: Hannigan John 
Published: February 2017

Despite covering around 70 percent of the earth's surface, the ocean has long been ignored by sociology or treated as merely an extension of land‐based systems. Increasingly, however, oceans are assuming a higher profile, emerging both as a new resource frontier, a medium for geopolitical rivalry and conflict, and a unique and threatened ecological hot spot. In this article, I propose a new sociological specialty area, the “sociology of oceans” to be situated at the interface between environmental sociology and traditional maritime studies. After reviewing existing sociological research on maritime topics and the consideration of (or lack of consideration) the sea by classic sociological theorists, I briefly discuss several contemporary sociological approaches to the ocean that have attracted some notice. In the final section of the paper, I make the case for a distinct sociology of oceans and briefly sketch what this might look like. One possible trajectory for creating a shared vision or common paradigm, I argue, is to draw on Deleuze and Guattari's dialectical theory of the smooth and the striated.Même s'il couvre 70% de la surface de la Terre, l'océan a été longtemps ignoré en sociologie ou traité comme une extension des systèmes terrestres. De plus en plus, toutefois, l'océan retient l'attention, en étant vu comme une nouvelle frontière en termes de ressources, un médium pour les rivalités et les conflits géopolitiques, et un lieu écologique névralgique et unique. Dans cet article, je propose une nouvelle spécialisation sociologique, la ‘sociologie des océans’, se situant dans l'interface entre la sociologie environnementale et les études maritimes traditionnelles. Après une recension de la recherche sociologique existante sur les sujets maritimes et la prise en compte (ou l'absence de prise en compte) de l'océan par les théoriciens de la sociologie classique, je discute brièvement quelques approches sociologiques contemporaines de l'océan ayant attiré l'attention. Dans la dernière partie de l'article, j'insiste sur le besoin d'une sociologie distincte de l'océan et je présente brièvement à quoi cela pourrait ressembler. Une voie possible pour créer une vision commune ou un paradigme, selon moi, est de s'inspirer de la théorie dialectique du lisse et du strié de Deleuze et Guattari.