bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for infection in external ventricular drains
Authors: Santos Araujo Audrey Beatriz , Gusmão Sebastião , Magaldi Marcelo , Vanderlei Alander Sobreira , Ribeiro Cambraia Marina Brugnolli 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Objective: The present study aims to define the main risk factors for infection in EVD implants performed in a public tertiary hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Method: The present study performed a retrospective review of 137 cases of EVD implants in 107 patients from January 2006 to December 2008. Of these cases, 25 patients had to be re-operated, totally 141 implanted shunts. Results: Forty-eight (45%) patients were male and 59 (55%) were female. The age ranged from 6 to 86 years of age (52.12 ± 15.51 years). The incidence of EVD-related infection was 32.7%, while the device permanence varied from 2 to 54 days (mean of 10 days). The EVDs that were maintained for more than 9.5 days, as well as the device changes proved to be statistically significant factors for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infection (p < 0.001). Antibiotic prophylaxis did not change the infection rate (p = 0.395). Conclusions: Risk factors for EVD infection included a continuing EVD permanence that lasted for more than 9.5 days and device changes. The present study concluded that there is no advantage for antibiotic prophylaxis regarding CSF infection with EVD implants.
Análise do equilíbrio espinopélvico em pacientes com espondilolistese degenerativa L4-L5
Authors: Cavalcante Elton Luiz Batista , Campagnaro Lucas Almeida , Batista Junior José Lucas , Júnior Charbel Jacob , Cardoso Igor Machado 
Published: January 2018

Resumo
Objetivos: Avaliar o equilíbrio espinopélvico em pacientes portadores de espondilolistese degenerativa L4-L5. Métodos: Analisamos as radiografias pré-operatórias lombopélvicas, em perfil, de 33 pacientes portadores de espondilolistese degenerativa L4-L5 para a mensuração dos parâmetros envolvidos no equilíbrio espinopélvico. Resultados: Dos 33 pacientes, 22 pertencem ao sexo feminino, com média de idade de 59 anos. A média da incidência pélvica (IP), inclinação pélvica (TILT) e inclinação sacral (SLOP) foi 61,4°; 22,1° e 38,3°, respectivamente, havendo correlação positiva entre IP e TILT e correlação negativa entre SLOP e TILT, ambas com significância estatística. Conclusão: Na espondilolistese degenerativa L4-L5, a IP, TILT e SLOP tiveram suas médias iguais a 61,4°, 38,3° e 22,1°, respectivamente, revelando alteração na conformação pélvica que culminou em um desequilíbrio espinopélvico nesses pacientes.
Cavernomas da fossa posterior do crânio – Relato de série de seis casos
Authors: Faleiro Rodrigo Moreira , Vieira Martins Luanna Rocha 
Published: January 2018

ResumoOs cavernomas são lesões classificadas como malformações vasculares, juntamente com malformações arteriovenosas, desenvolvimento venoso anômalo e telangiectasias capilares. Podem ocorrer de forma esporádica ou familiar e acometer qualquer área do sistema nervoso central, sendo a região supratentorial sua localização mais frequente. Neste artigo, é descrita uma série de seis pacientes com cavernoma na fossa posterior. Cinco cavernomas localizavam-se no tronco encefálico e um no cerebelo. A faixa etária dos pacientes variou de 14 a 50 anos. A abordagem cirúrgica diferiu entre os casos. Quatro casos apresentaram piora no pós-operatório imediato, com melhora subsequente. O seguimento dos pacientes variou de quatro meses a sete anos. Não houve óbito na série. Os cavernomas da fossa posterior requerem abordagem individualizada e técnica cirúrgica acurada. Embora possa ocorrer piora momentânea no pós-operatório imediato, a melhora subsequente é a regra, sendo o óbito infrequente.
Traumas múltiplos em vítimas de traumatismo craniencefálico
Authors: Tude Melo José Roberto , da Silva Ricardo Araújo , Ribeiro Tiago , Moreira Júnior Edson Duarte 
Published: January 2018

ResumoObjetivos: verificar a freqüência de pacientes com trauma craníencefálíco que apresentaram lesões em outros locais do corpo, assim como definir quais os segmentos mais afetados e principais causas de trauma neste grupo. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, tipo corte transversal, através da revisão d555 prontuários médicos de vítimas de trauma craniano internadas no Hospital Geral do Estado dBahia, durante o ano de 2001. Trabalho avaliado e aprovado pela diretoria do hospital, assim comopelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Conclusão: os traumas múltiplos foram observados em 31 ,9% das vítimas de trauma craniano e tiveram, como principal causa, o atropelamento, sendo as lesõesfaciais e ortopédicas dos membros as mais freqüentes.
Microcirurgia para aneurismas intracranianos múltiplos: série de 29 casos
Authors: Rodrigues de Carvalho Pablo , Silva Marcelo Nery , Rodrigues Júnior José Carlos , Barbosa Bernardo Alves , Monteiro de Oliveira Eduardo , Ner Breno , Ribeiro Barbosa Bruna Nayana , Lopes de Araújo Ricardo Marques 
Published: January 2018

Resumo
Objetivo: Apresentar 23 pacientes com 52 aneurismas tratados cirurgicamente em uma única cirurgia em um serviço de neurocirurgia da secretaria estadual de saúde de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2009 e 2011. Método: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de pacientes submetidos à clipagem de dois ou mais aneurismas cerebrais, em uma única cirurgia, no período de janeiro de 2007 a julho de 2012. Resultados: Vinte e nove pacientes foram submetidos à clipagem de dois ou mais aneurismas cerebrais em uma única cirurgia – 28 por meio de uma única craniotomia e um por meio de duas craniotomias. Desses, 20, 7, 1 e 1 foram submetidos, respectivamente, à clipagem de 2, 3, 4 e 5 aneurismas cerebrais. Cinco eram do sexo masculino e 24 do sexo feminino, e a faixa etária esteve entre 40 e 66 anos. Oito craniotomias à esquerda foram realizadas para abordagem de 17 aneurismas cerebrais lateralizados à esquerda e cinco à direita, assim como três aneurismas de complexo comunicante anterior. Doze craniotomias à direita foram realizadas para abordagem de 23 aneurismas cerebrais lateralizados à direita e seis à esquerda, assim como 15 aneurismas de complexo comunicante anterior e um de artéria basilar. Dos 29 pacientes, 28 evoluíram com 1-3 pts, e somente um evolui com 4-5 pts na escala de Rankin seis meses após a cirurgia. Conclusão: Preconizamos abordagem microneurocirúrgica para a maioria dos casos de aneurismas intracranianos múltiplos, buscando a clipagem microcirúrgica de todos os aneurismas intracranianos, se viável, em um único estágio e uma única craniotomia.
Acetic acid-guided biopsies in Barrett’s surveillance for neoplasia detection versus non-targeted biopsies (Seattle protocol): A feasibility study for a randomized tandem endoscopy trial. The ABBA study
Authors: Chedgy Fergus , Fogg Carole , Kandiah Kesavan , Barr Hugh , Higgins Bernard , McCord Mimi , Dewey Ann , De Caestecker John , Gadeke Lisa , Stokes Clive , Poller David , Longcroft-Wheaton Gaius , Bhandari Pradeep 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Barrett’s esophagus is a potentially pre-cancerous condition, affecting 375,000 people in the UK. Patients receive a 2-yearly endoscopy to detect cancerous changes, as early detection and treatment results in better outcomes. Current treatment requires random mapping biopsies along the length of Barrett’s, in addition to biopsy of visible abnormalities. As only 13 % of pre-cancerous changes appear as visible nodules or abnormalities, areas of dysplasia are often missed. Acetic acid chromoendoscopy (AAC) has been shown to improve detection of pre-cancerous and cancerous tissue in observational studies, but no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been performed to date.
Patients and methods A “tandem” endoscopy cross-over design. Participants will be randomized to endoscopy using mapping biopsies or AAC, in which dilute acetic acid is sprayed onto the surface of the esophagus, highlighting tissue through an whitening reaction and enhancing visibility of areas with cellular changes for biopsy. After 4 to 10 weeks, participants will undergo a repeat endoscopy, using the second method. Rates of recruitment and retention will be assessed, in addition to the estimated dysplasia detection rate, effectiveness of the endoscopist training program, and rates of adverse events (AEs). Qualitative interviews will explore participant and endoscopist acceptability of study design and delivery, and the acceptability of switching endoscopic techniques for Barrett's surveillance.
Results Endoscopists’ ability to diagnose dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus can be improved. AAC may offer a simple, universally applicable, easily-acquired technique to improve detection, affording patients earlier diagnosis and treatment, reducing endoscopy time and pathology costs. The ABBA study will determine whether a crossover “tandem” endoscopy design is feasible and acceptable to patients and clinicians and gather outcome data to power a definitive trial.
Ginsenoside Rh1: A Systematic Review of Its Pharmacological Properties
Authors: Tam Dao , Truong Duy , Nguyen Thi , Quynh Le , Tran Linh , Nguyen Hong , Shamandy Bahaa eldin , Le Thi , Tran Dang , Sayed Dina , Vu Van , Mizukami Shusaku , Hirayama Kenji , Huy Nguyen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGinsenoside Rh1 is one of major bioactive compounds extracted from red ginseng, which has been increasingly used for enhancing cognition and physical health worldwide. The objective of this study was to review the pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh1 in a systematic manner. We performed searches on eight electronic databases including MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, Google Scholar, POPLINE, Global Health Library, Virtual Health Library, the System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe, and the New York Academy of Medicine Grey Literature Report to select the original research publications reporting the biological and pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh1 from in vitro and in vivo studies regardless of publication language and study design. Upon applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included a total of 57 studies for our systemic review. Ginsenoside Rh1 exhibited the potent characteristics of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory effects, and positive effects on the nervous system. The cytotoxic effects of ginsenoside Rh1 were dependent on different types of cell lines. Other pharmacological effects including estrogenic, enzymatic, anti-microorganism activities, and cardiovascular effects have been mentioned, but the results were considerably diverged. A higher quality of evidence on clinical trial studies is highly recommended to confirm the consistent efficacy of ginsenoside Rh1.
Performing gesture
Authors: Green E. Mara 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article focuses on a signed performance by a deaf Nepali man who communicates in natural sign, which is similar to home sign but with greater cross-signer conventionality. The signer skillfully employs pantomimic (“gestural”) and lexical (“linguistic”) repertoires for distinct pragmatic purposes. In the narrative frame, he uses pantomime to vividly enact his morning routine; in the metanarrative frame, he utilizes lexical signs to directly address the audience. By examining the two repertoires’ formal characteristics and their relationship to different frames, this analysis showcases the signer’s communicative competency, demonstrates the relevance of pragmatics and genre to studies of all signed communicative modes, and challenges the idea that gesture is what language leaves behind.
Polymorphism observed in mitochondrial genes of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of different origin in laboratory cultures
Authors: Yamauchi Hiromasa , Harada Masami , Miyanoshita Akihiro 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Tribolium castaneum, a pest of stored grain, has a uniform morphology, preventing the visual identification of strains from different areas. Polymorphisms in the nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial genes of this species were examined, and combined into seven haplotypes among the test insect specimens originating from Japan, Thailand, and Canada. These results suggested the potential for geographical differentiation.
A distance-based approach for testing the mediation effect of the human microbiome
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wei Zhi , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Recent studies have revealed a complex interplay between environment, the human microbiome and health and disease. Mediation analysis of the human microbiome in these complex relationships could potentially provide insights into the role of the microbiome in the etiology of disease and, more importantly, lead to novel clinical interventions by modulating the microbiome. However, due to the high dimensionality, sparsity, non-normality and phylogenetic structure of microbiome data, none of the existing methods are suitable for testing such clinically important mediation effect.

Results
We propose a distance-based approach for testing the mediation effect of the human microbiome. In the framework, the nonlinear relationship between the human microbiome and independent/dependent variables is captured implicitly through the use of sample-wise ecological distances, and the phylogenetic tree information is conveniently incorporated by using phylogeny-based distance metrics. Multiple distance metrics are utilized to maximize the power to detect various types of mediation effect. Simulation studies demonstrate that our method has correct Type I error control, and is robust and powerful under various mediation models. Application to a real gut microbiome dataset revealed that the association between the dietary fiber intake and body mass index was mediated by the gut microbiome.

Availability and implementation
An R package ‘MedTest’ is freely available at https://github.com/jchen1981/MedTest.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
VIPER: a web application for rapid expert review of variant calls
Authors: Wöste Marius , Dugas Martin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Summary
With the rapid development in next-generation sequencing, cost and time requirements for genomic sequencing are decreasing, enabling applications in many areas such as cancer research. Many tools have been developed to analyze genomic variation ranging from single nucleotide variants to whole chromosomal aberrations. As sequencing throughput increases, the number of variants called by such tools also grows. Often employed manual inspection of such calls is thus becoming a time-consuming procedure. We developed the Variant InsPector and Expert Rating tool (VIPER) to speed up this process by integrating the Integrative Genomics Viewer into a web application. Analysts can then quickly iterate through variants, apply filters and make decisions based on the generated images and variant metadata. VIPER was successfully employed in analyses with manual inspection of more than 10 000 calls.

Availability and implementation
VIPER is implemented in Java and Javascript and is freely available at https://github.com/MarWoes/viper.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Queer as Trad
Authors: Slominski Tes 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates that studying the experiences of queer musicians and dancers is vital to understanding the relationships among music, selfhood, and social identities in Irish traditional music. By breaking the silence around LGBTQ performers of Irish traditional music through ethnographic interviews with queer musicians in the United States, this chapter addresses the paradox that non-normative participants experience musical performance as simultaneously liberatory and confining. This chapter explores musicians’ feelingful experiences of “the music itself” as an escape and examines the issues queer musicians face in gaining recognition in the Irish traditional music scene. More broadly, this chapter begins a conversation about nationalist assumptions around sexuality, gender, ethnicity, and race still implicit in the (re)production of sounds and bodily practices considered “Irish.”
Newton’s Regulae Philosophandi
Authors: Biener Zvi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Newton’s Regulae philosophandi—the rules for reasoning in natural philosophy—are maxims of causal reasoning and induction. This essay reviews their significance for Newton’s method of inquiry, as well as their application to particular propositions within the Principia. Two main claims emerge. First, the rules are not only interrelated, they defend various facets of the same core idea: that nature is simple and orderly by divine decree, and that, consequently, human beings can be justified in inferring universal causes from limited phenomena, if only fallibly. Second, the rules make substantive ontological assumptions on which Newton’s argument in the Principia relies.
Use of Viable Cryopreserved Placental Membrane as an Adjunct to Facial Keloid Resection
Authors: Gupta Rishi J. , Connelly Stephen T. , Silva Rebeka G. , Gwilliam Nat R. 
Published: January 2018

Summary:
Keloids are the physical manifestation of an exaggerated inflammatory response resulting in excess collagen deposition. The resulting fibroproliferative mass can be distressing for patients due to appearance, pruritus, and/or pain. Despite extensive research into the pathophysiology of keloid formation and the development of numerous treatments, keloids remain a challenge to treat. Even when the initial treatment is successful, a risk of recurrence remains. Basic science research into viable cryopreserved placental membranes and viable cryopreserved umbilical tissue has demonstrated their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects, which may decrease keloid recurrence after excision. In this article, we present the first-reported case of viable cryopreserved placental membrane, with living mesenchymal stem cells, to treat a painful preauricular keloid in conjunction with surgical resection.
Precision of Optic Nerve Head and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Parameter Measurements by Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Schrems-Hoesl Laura M. , Schrems Wolfgang A. , Laemmer Robert , Kruse Friedrich E. , Mardin Christian Y. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess the repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) of Bruch membrane opening based on minimum rim width (BMO-MRW), minimum rim area (BMO-MRA) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) with the Spectralis optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg Engineering) for normal and glaucoma subjects. Precise measurement of these parameters can support detection of structural glaucomatous damage and progression.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 16 healthy controls and 16 patients with glaucoma. One eye was randomly selected and included in this study. Subjects underwent 1 baseline and 3 follow-up measurements, using 3 different Spectralis optical coherence tomography devices in randomized order, each operated by a single operator. Outcome measures were global and sectorial averages of BMO-MRW and BMO-MRA, and of peripapillary RNFLT obtained from 12/14/16-degree circle scans. Coefficients of variation (COV) were calculated and a mixed-effects analysis of variance was performed to compare R&R between devices.

Results:
COVs of global and sectorial BMO-MRW measurement under repeatability conditions ranged from 0.51% to 1.7% (normal, 0.62% to 1.3%; glaucoma, 0.64% to 2.3%). Respective COVs under reproducibility conditions ranged from 0.89% to 1.9% (normal, 0.77% to 2.8%; glaucoma, 1.1% to 2.6%). COVs of global and sectorial RNFLT measurements under repeatability conditions ranged from 0.5% to 2.8%. Respective COVs under reproducibility conditions ranged from 1.6% to 3.5%.

Conclusions:
For R&R, the COVs of measured parameters were by trend higher for glaucoma eyes compared with normal controls. The BMO-MRW measurement system has an excellent precision taking into account that major and minor corrections of segmentation have to be done by the examiner before evaluation.
Immune Responses to Booster Vaccination With Meningococcal ABCWY Vaccine After Primary Vaccination With Either Investigational or Licensed Vaccines
Authors: Szenborn Leszek , Block Stan L. , Jackowska Teresa , Konior Ryszard , D’Agostino Diego , Smolenov Igor , Toneatto Daniela , Welsch Jo Anne 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Current meningococcal prime-boost vaccination schedules include separate vaccines for serogroups ACWY and B. An investigational combined serogroups ABCWY vaccine (MenABCWY) was developed to protect against clinically important Neisseria meningitidis serogroups.

Methods:
In this phase 2, randomized, observer-blind, extension study (NCT01272180), participants 10–25 years of age received 1 booster dose of MenABCWY vaccine at 24 months (M) postprimary series of MenABCWY (2 doses), 4CMenB (2 doses) or MenACWY-CRM vaccine (1 dose). Immune responses to booster dose (1M postbooster) and antibody persistence (24M, 36M postprimary series) were assessed using bactericidal assay with human complement (hSBA). Reactogenicity and safety were evaluated.

Results:
One hundred ninety participants were vaccinated. At 1M after the MenABCWY booster dose, seroresponse rates against serogroups ACWY ranged between 85% and 96%, 73% and 100% and 83% and 95% for participants previously receiving MenABCWY, 4CMenB and MenACWY-CRM, respectively. At 12M postbooster dose, ≥67% of participants across all groups had hSBA titers ≥8 for serogroups ACWY, except in 4CMenB-primed individuals for serogroup Y (45%). Across MenABCWY and 4CMenB-primed groups, hSBA titers ≥5 across serogroup B test strains were observed in 82%–100% and 29%–100% of participants at 1M and 12M postbooster, respectively. Geometric mean titers against serogroups ACWY increased from pre- to 1M postboosting with MenABCWY and persisted at 12M. The reactogenicity and safety profile of MenABCWY was similar to that of 4CMenB.

Conclusions:
MenABCWY may be suitable for prime-boost schedules against meningococcal disease, including regimens involving a primary series of either 4CMenB or MenACWY-CRM licensed vaccines.
Open Source Brain: a collaborative resource for visualizing, analyzing, simulating and developing standardized models of neurons and circuits
Authors: Gleeson Padraig , Cantarelli Matteo , Marin Boris , Quintana Adrian , Earnshaw Matt , Piasini Eugenio , Birgiolas Justas , Cannon Robert C. , Cayco-Gajic N. Alex , Crook Sharon , Davison Andrew P. , Dura-Bernal Salvador , Ecker András , Hines Michael L. , Idili Giovanni , Larson Stephen , Lytton William W. , Majumdar Amitava , McDougal Robert A. , Sivagnanam Subhashini , Solinas Sergio , Stanislovas Rokas , van Albada Sacha J. , van Geit Werner , Silver R. Angus 
Published: January 2018

AbstractComputational models are powerful tools for investigating brain function in health and disease. However, biologically detailed neuronal and circuit models are complex and implemented in a range of specialized languages, making them inaccessible and opaque to many neuroscientists. This has limited critical evaluation of models by the scientific community and impeded their refinement and widespread adoption. To address this, we have combined advances in standardizing models, open source software development and web technologies to develop Open Source Brain, a platform for visualizing, simulating, disseminating and collaboratively developing standardized models of neurons and circuits from a range of brain regions. Model structure and parameters can be visualized and their dynamical properties explored through browser-controlled simulations, without writing code. Open Source Brain makes neural models transparent and accessible and facilitates testing, critical evaluation and refinement, thereby helping to improve the accuracy and reproducibility of models, and their dissemination to the wider community.