bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Episodic autobiographical memory is associated with variation in the size of hippocampal subregions
Authors: Palombo Daniela J. , Bacopulos Agnes , Amaral Robert S.C. , Olsen Rosanna K. , Todd Rebecca M. , Anderson Adam K. , Levine Brian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStriking individual differences exist in the human capacity to recollect past events, yet, little is known about the neural correlates of such individual differences. Studies investigating hippocampal volume in relation to individual differences in laboratory measures of episodic memory in young adults suggest that whole hippocampal volume is unrelated (or even negatively associated) with episodic memory. However, anatomical and functional specialization across hippocampal subregions suggests that individual differences in episodic memory may be linked to particular hippocampal subregions, as opposed to whole hippocampal volume. Given that the DG/CA2/3 circuitry is thought to be especially critical for supporting episodic memory in humans, we predicted that the volume of this region would be associated with individual variability in episodic memory. This prediction was supported using high‐resolution MRI of the hippocampal subfields and measures of real‐world (autobiographical) episodic memory. In addition to the association with DG/CA2/3, we further observed a relationship between episodic autobiographical memory and subiculum volume, whereas no association was observed with CA1 or with whole hippocampal volume. These findings provide insight into the possible neural substrates that mediate individual differences in real‐world episodic remembering in humans.
Modelling bivariate extreme precipitation distribution for data‐scarce regions using Gumbel–Hougaard copula with maximum entropy estimation
Authors: Qian Longxia , Wang Hongrui , Dang Suzhen , Wang Cheng , Jiao Zhiqian , Zhao Yong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA new method of parameter estimation in data scarce regions is valuable for bivariate hydrological extreme frequency analysis. This paper proposes a new method of parameter estimation (maximum entropy estimation, MEE) for both Gumbel and Gumbel–Hougaard copula in situations when insufficient data are available. MEE requires only the lower and upper bounds of two hydrological variables. To test our new method, two experiments to model the joint distribution of the maximum daily precipitation at two pairs of stations on the tributaries of Heihe and Jinghe River, respectively, were performed and compared with the method of moments, correlation index estimation, and maximum likelihood estimation, which require a large amount of data. Both experiments show that for the Ye Niugou and Qilian stations, the performance of MEE is nearly identical to those of the conventional methods. For the Xifeng and Huanxian stations, MEE can capture information indicating that the maximum daily precipitation at the Xifeng and Huanxian stations has an upper tail dependence, whereas the results generated by correlation index estimation and maximum likelihood estimation are unreasonable. Moreover, MEE is proved to be generally reliable and robust by many simulations under three different situations. The Gumbel–Hougaard copula with MEE can also be applied to the bivariate frequency analysis of other extreme events in data‐scarce regions.
Graphene oxide induces cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in bluegill sunfish cells
Authors: Srikanth Koigoora , Sundar L. Syam , Pereira Eduarda , Duarte Armando Costa 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) is considered a promising material for biological application due to its unique properties. However, the potential toxicity of GO to aquatic organism particularly bluegill sun fish cells (BF‐2) is unexplored or remains poorly understood. GO‐induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in BF‐2 cells were assessed using a battery of biomarkers. Two different biological assays (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and neutral red uptake were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of GO on BF‐2 cells. It was found that GO induced dose‐ and time‐dependent cytotoxicity on BF‐2 cells. BF‐2 cells exposed to lower concentration of GO (40 μg ml–1) for 24 induced morphological changes when compared to their respective controls. As evidence for oxidative stress lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reactive oxygen species and 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine levels were increased and glutathione levels were found to decline in BF‐2 cells after treatment with GO. Our findings demonstrate that GO when exposed to BF‐2 fish cells cause oxidative stress.
Socioeconomic status and children's mental health: Understanding the mediating effect of social relations in Mainland China
Authors: Jiang Shan , Li Chunkai , Fang Xiaotong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the relationships among socioeconomic status (SES), social relations, and children's mental health. A sample of 19,487 school‐aged children was collected from the 2013–2014 wave of the China Education Panel Survey. Structural equation modeling was conducted with Amos (version 21) to test our theoretical model. Results showed that SES was not significantly related to children's mental health, whereas parent–child relations, peer relations, and teacher–student relations elicited complete mediating effects on the relationship between SES and children's mental health. On the basis of these findings, relevant theoretical and practical implications were proposed.
Altruism as a buffer for antisocial behavior for African American adolescents exposed to community violence
Authors: Rious Jennifer Bryant , Cunningham Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAltruistic prosocial behavior during adolescence is consistently associated with a myriad of positive outcomes including fewer risk‐taking behaviors and greater positive affect. Although limited, some literature suggests altruism may be an important protective factor in attenuating the effects of stressful life events such as exposure to community violence. Unfortunately, work examining altruism in African American adolescents is quite limited. The study examined the moderating role of altruism on relationships between exposure to violence and antisocial behavior in a sample of African American adolescents (136 females, 71 males). Participant's age ranged from 13 to 18. Results indicated that boys and girls engaged in similar levels of altruistic behaviors, but these behaviors were especially important in moderating the effects of community violence on antisocial behaviors for boys. The findings suggest that encouraging altruistic behaviors in boys may be critical in improving outcomes for adolescent males developing in violent ecologies.
How Buoyant Is the Tax System? New Evidence from a Large Heterogeneous Panel
Authors: Dudine Paolo , Jalles Joao Tovar 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we provide short‐run and long‐run tax buoyancy estimates for 107 countries (distributed between advanced, emerging and low income) for the period 1980–2014. By means of fully modified ordinary least square (OLS) and (pooled) mean group estimators, we find that (1) for advanced economies, both long‐run and short‐run buoyancies are not different from 1; (2) long‐run tax buoyancy exceeds 1 in the case of corporate income tax (CIT) for advanced economies, personal income tax and social security contributions in emerging markets and taxes on goods and services for low‐income countries; (3) in advanced countries, the buoyancy of the CIT buoyancy is larger during contractions than during times of economic expansions, whereas in emerging market economies, this is the case for the CIT and taxes on goods and services; and (4) both trade openness and human capital increase buoyancy, while inflation and output volatility decrease it. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation and projection of extreme precipitation indices in the Eastern Mediterranean based on CMIP5 multi‐model ensemble
Authors: Samuels Rana , Hochman Assaf , Baharad Anat , Givati Amir , Levi Yoav , Yosef Yizhak , Saaroni Hadas , Ziv Baruch , Harpaz Tzvika , Alpert Pinhas 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTAn evaluation of 23 models, participating in the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5), in representing extreme precipitation indices (EPI), over the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) and the Fertile Crescent (FC), was performed. The models ensemble was then used to predict the EPIs evolution in the 21st century under (Representative Concentration Pathway, RCP) RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Models' performance was determined with respect to gridded precipitation observations from the APHRODITE project. The ensemble mean was found to perform relatively well in capturing the EM steep precipitation gradient, the FC structure and the EPI trends in the observations period (1970–2000). Over the EM, CMIP5 models agree on a future decrease in the following three EPIs; total precipitation (TP), consecutive wet days, and number of wet days by the values of 20–35%, 10–20%, and 20–35%, respectively. In the FC, extremely wet days (P95) are expected to increase by approximately 25%, except for the south eastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, which show significant decreases in P95, particularly for RCP8.5 and at the end of the 21st century. Hence, while TP is expected to decrease, extreme precipitation is expected to increase, at least for the north‐eastern part of the FC. This will significantly influence agriculture and floods' potential in a region already suffering from political unrest. The changes in EPIs are related to changes in the synoptic patterns over the EM, especially the predicted changes in cyclones frequency and intensity in the 21st century, due to changes in storm tracks governed by the phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the expected expansion of the Hadley Cell towards the poles in a warmer climate.
Climate change projections over China using regional climate models forced by two CMIP5 global models. Part I: evaluation of historical simulations
Authors: Hui Pinhong , Tang Jianping , Wang Shuyu , Niu Xiaorui , Zong Peishu , Dong Xinning 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTForced by two Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) global models, EC‐EARTH and IPSL‐CM5A, both regional climate models (RCMs) of Regional Climate Model system version 4 (RegCM4) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) are used to perform regional climate simulations over China for 1980–2000. In general, the simulations in Institute Pierre Simon Laplace‐Climate Model version 5A (IPSL‐CM5A) are improved by the downscaling of many aspects of both precipitation and surface air temperature, with improvements including the significant enhancement of the resolution and presentation of regional processes in the RCMs. However, the improvement over EC‐EARTH is limited. In addition, the added values also depend on the seasons, geophysical locations over the country and the variables presented. For the mean climates, both RCMs are able to exhibit better annual and winter precipitation measurements when downscaling IPSL‐CM5A over most areas. The superiority of the RCMs over IPSL‐CM5A for the surface air temperature is only obtained in summer. Seasonal cycles of both precipitation and surface air temperature are well simulated by all the models. The RCMs succeed in improving the seasonal cycles of precipitation over both GCMs in most sub‐regions, but the seasonal cycles of temperature are only improved over IPSL‐CM5A. In addition, the downscaling demonstrates more consistent probability distribution functions (PDFs) of precipitation with those of the observations in most sub‐regions. For extreme precipitation, the RCMs provide outstanding convective wet days (CWD) with reduced biases and enhanced presentations of spatial patterns. For the other three extreme precipitation indices, the improvement of the RCMs is relatively weak, with superior over the IPSL‐CM5A in several areas. The extreme temperature indices are better modelled by the RCMs, except for the minimum values of the daily minimum temperatures (TNn), with greater added values over IPSL‐CM5A than those over EC‐EARTH. Comparing two RCMs, WRF shows advantages in the downscaling precipitation, while RegCM4 works better for the surface air temperature.
Demonstration tests of irrigation water disinfection with chlorine dioxide in open field cultivation of baby spinach
Authors: López‐Gálvez Francisco , Gil Maria I , Meireles Ana , Truchado Pilar , Allende Ana 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDTreatments for the disinfection of irrigation water have to be evaluated by demonstration tests carried out under commercial settings taking into account not only their antimicrobial activity but also the potential phytotoxic effects on the crop. The consequences of the treatment of irrigation water with chlorine dioxide (ClO2) used for sprinkler irrigation of baby spinach in two commercial agricultural fields was assessed.RESULTSResidual ClO2 levels at the sprinklers in the treated field were always below 1 mg L−1. ClO2 treatment provoked limited but statistically significant reductions in culturable Escherichia coli counts (0.2–0.3 log reductions), but not in the viable E. coli counts in water, suggesting the presence of viable but non‐culturable cells (VBNC). Although disinfected irrigation water did not have an impact on the microbial loads of Enterobacteriaceae nor on the quality characteristics of baby spinach, it caused the accumulation of chlorates (up to 0.99 mg kg−1 in plants) and the reduction of the photosynthetic efficiency of baby spinach.CONCLUSIONLow concentrations of ClO2 are effective in reducing the culturable E. coli present in irrigation water but it might induce the VBNC state. Presence of disinfection by‐products and their accumulation in the crop must be considered to adjust doses in order to avoid crop damage and chemical safety risks. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Teaching frontal sinus anatomy using the frontal sinus masterclass 3‐ D conceptualization model
Authors: Chen Philip G. , McMains K. Christopher , Tewfik Marc A. , Aden James K. , Brown Seth , Weitzel Erik K. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveFrontal sinus anatomy is complex and often is a difficult subject to both teach and learn. The traditional surgical dogma of “see one, do one, teach one” is impractical and dangerous in the frontal sinus. Based on the building block three‐dimensional conceptualization module, the Frontal Sinus Masterclass (FSMC) was created to teach this anatomy.MethodsStudy was performed at two academic centers among second‐ to fifth‐year otolaryngology residents. A pretest assessed knowledge prior to the course. Computed tomography scans of the sinuses were evaluated in triplanar view, and participants attempted to reconstruct the anatomy. Subsequently, the course instructor explained the anatomy using the building block method and showed a short video of the surgical dissection, pointing out relevant anatomy. Cases progressed in anatomical difficulty and inflammatory load. A posttest determined knowledge after the course.ResultsThirty of 50 participating residents completed the pre‐ and posttests (14 junior, 16 senior residents). Correct identification of the frontal sinus drainage pathway increased from 42% to 63% correct (P = 0.054). Anatomical assessment increased from 61% to 68% correct (P = 0.047), and overall assessment increased from 52% to 66% correct (P = 0.016).ConclusionObjectively, participants of the FSMC expanded on their ability to recognize cells of the frontal recess on CT scans. Before the class, residents could answer less than half of the answers correctly, and by the end of the class they were answering over two‐thirds of these complex questions correctly. Subjectively, participants reported benefit from the course and felt they would be better surgeons.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:1294–1298, 2018
Epistaxis in children and adolescents with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Gonzalez Cristian D. , Mcdonald Jamie , Stevenson David A. , Whitehead Kevin J. , Petersen Matthew G. , Presson Angela P. , Ding Qian , Wilson Kevin F. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives/HypothesisOur objective was to describe epistaxis onset and severity in pediatric hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) patients and study the cumulative incidence of epistaxis by age of onset within each genetic subtype.Study DesignRetrospective cohort chart review.MethodsCharts were reviewed of patients age 0 to 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HHT who were evaluated at a tertiary multidisciplinary HHT clinic from January 2010 to June 2016. The epistaxis severity score (ESS), a validated tool for assessing epistaxis severity, was used to assess epistaxis. Statistical analyses were conducted on the full HHT cohort as well as subgroups stratified by the HHT causative gene (HHT1 = ENG and HHT2 = ACVRL1).ResultsSixty‐nine pediatric subjects were identified; 60 had HHT confirmed by genetic testing, and nine (from families with known mutations) met published clinical diagnostic criteria alone. Fifty‐nine (85%) had onset of epistaxis. The median age of onset of epistaxis was 5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 2–9 years). The median ESS for the entire cohort was 1.6 (IQR: 0–2.6). The median ESS was higher in HHT1 versus HHT2 (2.3 vs. 1.1, P = .002), and age of epistaxis onset was earlier in HHT1 (3 vs. 5 years, P = .03). Sex and age were not associated with ESS.ConclusionsEpistaxis may present early in HHT, but is typically mild in the pediatric period. Severity in the pediatric population is worse in patients with HHT1. By recognizing the significance of even mild, infrequent epistaxis in a child with a family history of HHT, and understanding that not all HHT patients have epistaxis during childhood, community providers and otolaryngologist can assist in the early detection of HHT.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 128:1714–1719, 2018
Homo‐ and Copolycyclotrimerization of Aromatic Internal Diynes Catalyzed with Co2(CO)8: A Facile Route to Microporous Photoluminescent Polyphenylenes with Hyperbranched or Crosslinked Architecture
Authors: Sedláček Jan , Sokol Jiří , Zedník Jiří , Faukner Tomáš , Kubů Martin , Brus Jiří , Trhlíková Olga 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study reports the first Co2(CO)8‐catalyzed [2+2+2] polycyclotrimerization by the transformation of internal ethynyl groups of aromatic diyne monomers. The reaction yields polycyclotrimers of polyphenylene‐type with either hyperbranched or partly crosslinked architecture. The homopolycyclotrimerization of the monomers with two ethynyl groups per one molecule, namely 1,4‐bis(phenylethynyl)benzene, 4,4′‐bis(phenylethynyl)biphenyl, and 4‐(phenylethynyl)phenylacetylene, gives partly crosslinked, insoluble polyphenylenes. The soluble, hyperbranched polyphenylenes are generated via copolycyclotrimerization of 1,4‐bis(phenylethynyl)benzene with 1,2‐diphenylacetylene (average number of ethynyl groups per monomer molecule < 2). This one‐step polycyclotrimerization path to hyperbranched or partly crosslinked polyphenylenes is an alternative to the synthesis of these polymers by Diels–Alder transformation of substituted cyclopentadienones. All polyphenylenes prepared exhibit photoluminescence with emission maxima ranging from 381 to 495 nm. Polyphenylenes with a less compact packing of segments are microporous (specific surface area up to 159 m2 g−1), which is particularly important in the case of soluble polyphenylenes because they can be potentially used to prepare microporous layers.
Spatial Patterning of Hydrogels via 3D Covalent Transfer Stamping from a Fugitive Ink
Authors: Wang Shuang , Dalton Paul D. , Dargaville Tim R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this study, a novel hydrogel patterning approach using 3D covalent transfer stamping from a fugitive ink is introduced. A model transfer molecule (7‐diethylamino‐3‐(4′maleimidylphenyl)‐4‐methylcoumarin (CPM)) is absorbed into a 3D fugitive ink stamp made from poly(caprolactone), and then encapsulated in a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel. As the CPM diffuses from the fugitive ink to the curing hydrogel it is selectively covalently bound at the boundary of the ink and the hydrogel. Removal of the fugitive ink by solvent exchange leads to a negative copy of interconnected channels patterned with the localized transfer of the molecules at the hydrogel interface. The results suggest that small molecules can be patterned in porous hydrogels in a spatially controllable manner and that the transferred amount can be tuned.
Multifunctional Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Conjugated Polymers with Perylene Bisimide Side Chains
Authors: Li Cheng , Yu Changshi , Lai Wenbin , Liang Shijie , Jiang Xudong , Feng Guitao , Zhang Jianqi , Xu Yunhua , Li Weiwei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTwo conjugated polymers based on diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) in the main chain with different content of perylene bisimide (PBI) side chains are developed. The influence of PBI side chain on the photovoltaic performance of these DPP‐based conjugated polymers is systematically investigated. This study suggests that the PBI side chains can not only alter the absorption spectrum and energy level but also enhance the crystallinity of conjugated polymers. As a result, such polymers can act as electron donor, electron acceptor, and single‐component active layer in organic solar cells. These findings provide a new guideline for the future molecular design of multifunctional conjugated polymers.
Investigations of the local distortions and EPR parameters for Cu2+ in xNa2O‐(30–x)K2O‐70B2O3 (5 ≤ x ≤ 25 mol%) glasses
Authors: Zhang Zhen‐Ya , Wu Shao‐Yi , Zhang Fu , Zhang Cheng‐Xi , Qin Rui‐Jie , Gao Han 
Published: November 2017

The local distortions and electron paramagnetic resonance parameters for Cu2+ in the mixed alkali borate glasses xNa2O‐(30–x)K2O‐70B2O3 (5 ≤ x ≤ 25 mol%) are theoretically studied with distinct modifier Na2O compositions x. Owing to the Jahn–Teller effect, the octahedral [CuO6]10− clusters show significant tetragonal elongation ratios p ~19% along the C4 axis. With the increase of composition x, the cubic field parameter Dq and the orbital reduction factor k exhibit linearly and quasi‐linearly decreasing tendencies, respectively, whereas the relative tetragonal elongation ratio p has quasi‐linearly increasing rule with some fluctuations, leading to the minima of g factors at x = 10 mol%. The composition dependences of the optical spectra and the electron paramagnetic resonance parameters are suitably reproduced by the linear or quasi‐linear relationships of the relevant quantities (i.e., Dq, k, and p) with x. The above composition dependences are analyzed from mixed alkali effect, which brings forward the modifications of the local crystal‐fields and the electronic cloud distribution around Cu2+ with the variation of the composition of Na2O.