bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic testing for the risk of developing late effects among survivors of childhood cancer: Consumer understanding, acceptance, and willingness to pay
Authors: Georgiou Gabrielle , Wakefield Claire E. , McGill Brittany C. , Fardell Joanna E. , Signorelli Christina , Hanlon Lucy , Tucker Kathy , Patenaude Andrea F. , Cohn Richard J. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDGenetic testing to determine cancer survivors' risk of developing late effects from their cancer treatment will be increasingly used in survivorship care. This 2‐stage study with 64 survivors of childhood cancer and their parents investigated the preferences and acceptability of testing among those who may be at risk of developing late effects.METHODSThe first stage (Stage 1) identified the most commonly perceived benefits and concerns regarding genetic testing for the risk of late effects among 24 participants. In Stage 2, during interviews, 20 survivors (55% of whom were female; mean age, 26.0 years [range, 18‐39 years]; standard deviation [SD], 0.80) and 20 parents (55% of whom were male; mean age of child survivor, 14.2 years [range, 10‐19 years]; SD, 0.79) rated the 7 most common benefits and concerns from those identified in Stage 1. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed. Decisional balance ratios were calculated by dividing the participants' average concerns scores with the average benefits scores.RESULTSGenetic testing for late effects was highly acceptable: 95% of participants leaned toward testing, and the majority (65.9%) would pay up to Australian $5000. The majority (97.2%) reported it was acceptable to wait for up to 6 months to receive results, and to be offered testing immediately after treatment or when the survivor reached adulthood (62.9%). Survivors and parents had a highly positive decisional balance (Mean (M), 0.5 [SD, 0.38] and M, 0.5 [SD, 0.39], respectively), indicating that perceived benefits outweighed concerns.CONCLUSIONSAlthough to our knowledge clinical efficacy has yet to be clearly demonstrated, survivors and parents described positive interest in genetic testing for the risk of developing late effects. Perceived benefits outweighed harms, and the majority of participants would be willing to pay, and wait, for testing. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2876–2885. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Evaluating the Free Energies of Solvation and Electronic Structures of Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrolytes
Authors: Shakourian‐Fard Mehdi , Kamath Ganesh , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian K. R. S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAdaptive biasing force molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations were performed to understand the interaction of Li+with pure carbonates and ethylene carbonate (EC)‐based binary mixtures. The most favorable Li carbonate cluster configurations obtained from molecular dynamics simulations were subjected to detailed structural and thermochemistry calculations on the basis of the M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory. We report the ranking of these electrolytes on the basis of the free energies of Li‐ion solvation in carbonates and EC‐based mixtures. A strong local tetrahedral order involving four carbonates around the Li+was seen in the first solvation shell. Thermochemistry calculations revealed that the enthalpy of solvation and the Gibbs free energy of solvation of the Li+ion with carbonates are negative and suggested the ion–carbonate complexation process to be exothermic and spontaneous. Natural bond orbital analysis indicated that Li+interacts with the lone pairs of electrons on the carbonyl oxygen atom in the primary solvation sphere. These interactions lead to an increase in the carbonyl (C=O) bond lengths, as evidenced by a redshift in the vibrational frequencies [ν(C=O)] and a decrease in the electron density values at the C=O bond critical points in the primary solvation sphere. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules, localized molecular orbital energy decomposition analysis (LMO‐EDA), and noncovalent interaction plots revealed the electrostatic nature of the Li+ion interactions with the carbonyl oxygen atoms in these complexes. On the basis of LMO‐EDA, the strongest attractive interaction in these complexes was found to be the electrostatic interaction followed by polarization, dispersion, and exchange interactions. Overall, our calculations predicted EC and a binary mixture of EC/dimethyl carbonate to be appropriate electrolytes for Li‐ion batteries, which complies with experiments and other theoretical results.
C‐C Bond Formation: Synthesis of C5 Substituted Pyrimidine and C8 Substituted Purine Nucleosides Using Water Soluble Pd‐imidate Complex
Authors: Gayakhe Vijay , Ardhapure Ajaykumar V. , Kapdi Anant R. , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Serrano Jose Luis , Schulzke Carola 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of a highly efficient, water soluble [Pd(Sacc)2(TPA)2] complex for C‐C bond formation is described. Additionally, application of the [Pd(Sacc)2(TPA)2] complex for Suzuki‐Miyaura arylation of all four nucleosides (5‐iodo‐2′‐deoxyuridine [5‐IdU], 5‐iodo‐2′‐deoxycytidine [5‐IdC], 8‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyadenosine, and 8‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine) with various aryl/heteroaryl boronic acids in plain water under milder conditions is demonstrated. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The effect of terrain and female density on survival of neonatal white‐tailed deer and mule deer fawns
Authors: Bonar Maegwin , Manseau Micheline , Geisheimer Justin , Bannatyne Travis , Lingle Susan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractJuvenile survival is a highly variable life‐history trait that is critical to population growth. Antipredator tactics, including an animal's use of its physical and social environment, are critical to juvenile survival. Here, we tested the hypothesis that habitat and social characteristics influence coyote (Canis latrans) predation on white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (O. hemionus) fawns in similar ways during the neonatal period. This would contrast to winter when the habitat and social characteristics that provide the most safety for each species differ. We monitored seven cohorts of white‐tailed deer and mule deer fawns at a grassland study site in Alberta, Canada. We used logistic regression and a model selection procedure to determine how habitat characteristics, climatic conditions, and female density influenced fawn survival during the first 8 weeks of life. Fawn survival improved after springs with productive vegetation (high integrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values). Fawns that used steeper terrain were more likely to survive. Fawns of both species had improved survival in years with higher densities of mule deer females, but not with higher densities of white‐tailed deer females, as predicted if they benefit from protection by mule deer. Our results suggest that topographical variation is a critical resource for neonates of many ungulate species, even species like white‐tailed deer that use more gentle terrain when older. Further, our results raise the possibility that neonatal white‐tailed fawns may benefit from associating with mule deer females, which may contribute to the expansion of white‐tailed deer into areas occupied by mule deer.
Assessment of Solar‐to‐Fuels Strategies: Photocatalysis and Electrocatalytic Reduction
Authors: Herron Jeffrey A. , Maravelias Christos T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe production of fuels in a solar refinery by the nonbiological conversion of CO2 and water is a potential sustainable solution to meet our future energy needs. We develop a general process model for a solar refinery that allows us to assess the energetic and economic feasibility of a specific process. We demonstrate the utility of this model by analyzing two specific cases: 1) the photocatalytic conversion and 2) the photovoltaic‐powered electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to yield a methanol product. From the analysis, we posit specific catalytic, reaction engineering, process engineering, and solar utilities targets to compete with industrial methanol production. For the photocatalytic process, the most important challenge is to improve the solar‐to‐fuels efficiency to at least 15 %, whereas for the electrocatalytic reduction process, even with much improved current density, cell potential, and reaction selectivity, the process will be ultimately limited by the price of solar (or other renewable) electricity.
Origin of transform faults in back‐arc basins: examples from Western Pacific marginal seas
Authors: Zhang Y. , Li S. Z. , Suo Y. H. , Guo L. L. , Yu S. , Zhao S. J. , Somerville I. D. , Guo R. H. , Zang Y. B. , Zheng Q. L. , Mu D. L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTransform faults in back‐arc basins are the key to revealing the evolution of marginal seas. Four marginal basins in the Western Pacific, i.e. the South China Sea (SCS), Okinawa Trough (OT), West Philippine Basin (WPB) and Shikoku‐Parece Vela Basin (SPVB), were studied to redefine the strikes and spatial distribution of transform faults or fracture zones. Based on high‐resolution tectonomorphology, gravity and magnetic anomalies, pattern of magnetic lineations, seismic profiles, geometry of basins and palaeomagnetic data, together with analyses of regional geological setting, plate reconstruction and geodynamic analysis, this paper suggests that all the transform faults in the four marginal basins are in general NNE‐trending. Moreover, by comparing with the contemporary structural framework of the East Asian Continental Margin, we propose new models concerning marginal seas spreading and have revised the previous Cenozoic plate reconstruction models related to the East Asian Continental Margin and the Western Pacific marginal seas. There are three possible origins of these NNE‐trending transform faults. 1. Inheriting the orientation of the strike‐slip faults at the rifting continental margin (e.g. the SCS and OT). The real strike of transform faults should not be NW but NNE. The large‐scale NNE‐trending dextral strike‐slip faults distributed in the continental shelf of the SCS control a series of pull‐apart basins of the SCS. Due to a higher degree of pull‐apart, oceanic crust began to open. Then they evolved into the NNE‐trending transform faults in the SCS and could also be regarded as a natural extension of the NNE‐trending strike‐slip faults in the South China Block (SCB). The geodynamic mechanism of the OT is similar to that of the SCS. Consequently, transform faults of the OT should also be NNE‐trending, which is not perpendicular to the spreading axis but instead displays oblique spreading. 2. Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana (IBM) Trench retreat to the NNE and NE. Subduction rollback to the NE and NNE produced the NE‐ and NNE‐striking horizontal tensile stress, resulting in the rifting of the Kyushu‐Palau Ridge (KPR), controlling the spreading of the SPVB and forming the NE‐ and NNE‐trending transform faults. This also involves oblique spreading. 3. The later overall rotation of the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP). Since 25 Ma, the WPB has rotated clockwise about 40°. Therefore the NW‐ and NNW‐trending transform faults that formed at the later spreading stage have rotated to be the near‐N–S‐ or NNE‐striking faults. These transform faults are almost perpendicular to the spreading axis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sub‐clinical orthostatic hypotension is associated with greater subjective memory impairment in older adults
Authors: O'Hare Celia , McCrory Cathal , O'Connell Matthew DL , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionOrthostatic blood pressure (BP) is a measure of cardiovascular autonomic function. Orthostatic BP dysregulation may lie on the causal pathway to dementia. Subjective memory impairment (SMI) is commonly reported by older people some of whom may progress to dementia. We hypothesised that sub‐clinical orthostatic hypotension would be associated with SMI and explored these associations according to sex.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of data from 4340 participants aged 50 and over collected during the first wave (2009–2011) of the cohort study, The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Subjective memory was rated according to a 5‐point scale ranging from ‘poor’ to ‘excellent’. BP was measured during orthostatic stress using continuous non‐invasive beat‐to‐beat recording over 2 min.Results2% reported ‘poor’ subjective memory, 12.3% ‘fair’ , 38% ‘good’, 33% ‘very good’ and 14.6% ‘excellent’. After controlling for several potential confounding factors including cardiovascular risk, objective cognition, and depressive symptoms mean systolic orthostatic BP was lowest in those with poor subjective memory: 92.2 mmHg (CI95% = 87.1, 97.3) versus excellent 99.3 mmHg (CI95% = 97.4, 101.2); p = 0.011. Further adjustment for supine systolic BP suggested that men with poor subjective memory reached the lowest average systolic orthostatic BP and had the greatest impairment in systolic orthostatic BP stabilisation to baseline levels at 10 s post‐stand (−6.64 mmHg; CI95% = −11.49, −1.79; p = 0.007).ConclusionsSub‐clinical orthostatic hypotension is associated with SMI, and there are sex‐specific relationships evident in this population‐based cohort. Subtle cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction may represent a modifiable risk marker at an early stage of cognitive decline in older adults. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alterations in regional shape on ipsilateral and contralateral cortex contrast in children with unilateral cerebral palsy and are predictive of multiple outcomes
Authors: Pagnozzi Alex M. , Dowson Nicholas , Fiori Simona , Doecke James , Bradley Andrew P. , Boyd Roslyn N. , Rose Stephen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCongenital brain lesions result in a wide range of cerebral tissue alterations observed in children with cerebral palsy (CP) that are associated with a range of functional impairments. The relationship between injury severity and functional outcomes, however, remains poorly understood. This research investigates the differences in cortical shape between children with congenital brain lesions and typically developing children (TDC) and investigates the correlations between cortical shape and functional outcome in a large cohort of patients diagnosed with unilateral CP. Using 139 structural magnetic resonance images, including 95 patients with clinically diagnosed CP and 44 TDC, cortical segmentations were obtained using a modified expectation maximization algorithm. Three shape characteristics (cortical thickness, curvature, and sulcal depth) were computed within a number of cortical regions. Significant differences in these shape measures compared to the TDC were observed on both the injured hemisphere of children with CP (P < 0.004), as well as on the apparently uninjured hemisphere, illustrating potential compensatory mechanisms in these children. Furthermore, these shape measures were significantly correlated with several functional outcomes, including motor, cognition, vision, and communication (P < 0.012), with three out of these four models performing well on test set validation. This study highlights that cortical neuroplastic effects may be quantified using MR imaging, allowing morphological changes to be studied longitudinally, including any influence of treatment. Ultimately, such approaches could be used for the long term prediction of outcomes and the tailoring of treatment to individuals.Hum Brain Mapp 37:3588–3603, 2016. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk and prognostic factors of transplantation‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a nested case control study
Authors: Ye Yishan , Zheng Weiyan , Wang Jiasheng , Hu Yongxian , Luo Yi , Tan Yamin , Shi Jimin , Zhang Mingming , Huang He 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTransplantation‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA‐TMA) is a significant complication of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, it remains controversial which clinical or laboratory markers are of evident risk and prognostic value. From 2006 to 2013, a nested case control study was carried out in our centre to study the risk and prognostic factors of TA‐TMA. A total of 654 consecutive patients who underwent allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation were studied. Twenty‐six (4.0%) patients matched the established diagnostic criteria. Subjects with TA‐TMA had significantly higher 3‐year none relapse mortality compared with those without (65.4% vs 15.4%, P < 0.0001). Grades 2 to 4 aGVHD and cytomegalovirus viremia were independent risk factors, and serum LDH level >500U/L as well as hypertension were early signs of TA‐TMA occurrence. Liver dysfunction and significant gastric bleeding were independent risk factors for TA‐TMA related mortality. Subjects with either liver dysfunction or significant gastric bleeding had significantly higher 3 year TA‐TMA related mortality cumulative incidence than subjects without. These observations lead to the conclusion that allo‐HSCT recipients with grades 2 to 4 aGVHD or cytomegalovirus viremia should be monitored for TA‐TMA. Liver dysfunction and significant gastric bleeding are prognostic factors for TA‐TMA. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Road to Reproducibility in Animal Research
Authors: Jilka Robert L 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Reproducibility of research findings is the hallmark of scientific advance. However, the recently noted lack of reproducibility and transparency of published research using animal models of human biology and disease has alarmed funders, scientists, and the public. Improved reporting of methodology and better use of statistical tools are needed to enhance the quality and utility of published research. Reporting guidelines like Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) have been devised to achieve these goals, but most biomedical research journals, including the JBMR, have not been able to obtain high compliance. Cooperative efforts among authors, reviewers and editors—empowered by increased awareness of their responsibilities, and enabled by user-friendly guidelines—are needed to solve this problem. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Chordoma‐derived cell line U‐CH1‐N recapitulates the biological properties of notochordal nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Fujita Nobuyuki , Suzuki Satoshi , Watanabe Kota , Ishii Ken , Watanabe Ryuichi , Shimoda Masayuki , Takubo Keiyo , Tsuji Takashi , Toyama Yoshiaki , Miyamoto Takeshi , Horiuchi Keisuke , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIntervertebral disc degeneration proceeds with age and is one of the major causes of lumbar pain and degenerative lumbar spine diseases. However, studies in the field of intervertebral disc biology have been hampered by the lack of reliable cell lines that can be used for in vitro assays. In this study, we show that a chordoma‐derived cell line U‐CH1‐N cells highly express the nucleus pulposus (NP) marker genes, including T (encodes T brachyury transcription factor), KRT19, and CD24. These observations were further confirmed by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Reporter analyses showed that transcriptional activity of T was enhanced in U‐CH1‐N cells. Chondrogenic capacity of U‐CH1‐N cells was verified by evaluating the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes and Alcian blue staining. Of note, we found that proliferation and synthesis of chondrogenic ECM proteins were largely dependent on T in U‐CH1‐N cells. In accordance, knockdown of the T transcripts suppressed the expression of PCNA, a gene essential for DNA replication, and SOX5 and SOX6, the master regulators of chondrogenesis. On the other hand, the CD24‐silenced cells showed no reduction in the mRNA expression level of the chondrogenic ECM genes. These results suggest that U‐CH1‐N shares important biological properties with notochordal NP cells and that T plays crucial roles in maintaining the notochordal NP cell‐like phenotype in this cell line. Taken together, our data indicate that U‐CH1‐N may serve as a useful tool in studying the biology of intervertebral disc. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 34:1341–1350, 2016.
Unraveling the target genes of RIN transcription factor during tomato fruit ripening and softening
Authors: Li Ling , Wang Xiaoguang , Zhang Xinhua , Guo Mei , Liu Tieling 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe RIN transcription factor is one of the MADS box family members and predominantly controls fruit ripening. In this study, effort was made to demonstrate the regulation network of RIN transcription factor during tomato fruit ripening and softening. Novel RIN target genes were identified by proteomics, electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis.RESULTSOver 700 protein spots were achieved by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, and 42 proteins were successfully identified. Among them, 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate oxidase (LeACO4, ethylene synthesis, spot 3) and α‐galactosidase‐like isoform 2 (α‐Gal, cell wall metabolism, spot 26) exhibited varied expression levels in different tomato fruits. Particularly high expression levels of LeACO4 and α‐Gal were observed in wild type but not in the rin mutant. Additionally, CArG box, a RIN‐binding site, was discovered in the promoter regions of both LeACO4 and α‐Gal genes, suggesting that RIN possibly directly regulates their transcriptions, and this assumption was further confirmed by EMSA and ChIP assay.CONCLUSIONFunctional annotations of RIN target genes demonstrated the specific role of RIN in the process of fruit ripening and softening, especially in cell wall degradation and ethylene biosynthesis. This study will further illuminate the mechanism of tomato ripening and softening. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The bactericidal activity of glutaraldehyde‐impregnated polyurethane
Authors: Sehmi Sandeep K. , Allan Elaine , MacRobert Alexander J. , Parkin Ivan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlthough glutaraldehyde is known to be bactericidal in solution, its potential use to create novel antibacterial polymers suitable for use in healthcare environments has not been evaluated. Here, novel materials were prepared in which glutaraldehyde was either incorporated into polyurethane using a simple “swell‐encapsulation‐shrink” method (hereafter referred to as “glutaraldehyde‐impregnated polyurethane”), or simply applied to the polymer surface (hereafter referred to as “glutaraldehyde‐coated polyurethane”). The antibacterial activity of glutaraldehyde‐impregnated and glutaraldehyde‐coated polyurethane samples was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Glutaraldehyde‐impregnated polyurethane resulted in a 99.9% reduction in the numbers of E. coli within 2 h and a similar reduction of S. aureus within 1 h, whereas only a minimal reduction in bacterial numbers was observed when the biocide was bound to the polymer surface. After 15 days, however, the bactericidal activity of the impregnated material was substantially reduced presumably due to polymerization of glutaraldehyde. Thus, although glutaraldehyde retains antibacterial activity when impregnated into polyurethane, activity is not maintained for extended periods of time. Future work should examine the potential of chemical modification of glutaraldehyde and/or polyurethane to improve the useful lifespan of this novel antibacterial polymer.