bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Isolation Low Cross‐Polarization Phased‐Array Antenna for MPAR Application
Authors: Saeidi‐Manesh Hadi , Karimkashi Shaya , Zhang Guifu , Doviak Richard J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe design and analysis of 12 × 12‐element planar array of a dual‐polarized aperture‐coupled microstrip patch antenna operating in the frequency band of 2.7 GHz to 3.0 GHz for multifunction applications are presented. High‐isolation between horizontal and vertical polarization ports and low cross‐polarization are achieved through an aperture‐coupled feed. The reflection coefficient and the isolation of horizontal and vertical ports at different scan angles are examined. The array antenna is fabricated and its radiation patterns are measured in the far‐field and near‐field chambers. The embedded element pattern of designed element is measured in the near‐field chamber and is used for calculating the array scanning radiation pattern.
High‐Pressure Granulite Facies Overprinting During the Exhumation of Eclogites in the Bangong‐Nujiang Suture Zone, Central Tibet: Link to Flat‐Slab Subduction
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐Zheng , Wang Qiang , Dong Yong‐Sheng , Zhang Chunfu , Li Qing‐Yun , Xia Xiao‐Ping , Xu Wang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe geometric transformation of a descending plate, such as from steep to flat subduction in response to a change from normal to overthickened oceanic crust during subduction, is a common and important geological process at modern or fossil convergent margins. However, the links between this process and the metamorphic evolution of the exhumation of oceanic (ultra)high‐pressure eclogites are poorly understood. Here we report detailed petrological, mineralogical, phase equilibria, and secondary ion mass spectrometry zircon and rutile U‐Pb age data for the Dong Co eclogites at the western segment of the Bangong‐Nujiang suture zone, central Tibet. Our data reveal that the Dong Co eclogites experienced peak eclogite‐facies metamorphism (T = 610–630°C, P = 2.4–2.6 GPa) and underwent multiple stages of retrograde metamorphism. P‐T pseudosections and compositional isopleths of garnet define a complex clockwise P‐T‐t path (including two stages of decompression‐dominated P‐T path and one of isobaric heating), suggesting varying exhumation velocities. Combining previous studies with our new results, we suggest that the transformation from rapid to slow exhumation is dominated by the transition from steep to flat subduction. The flat‐slab segment, caused by subduction of buoyant oceanic plateau, led to an extremely slow exhumation and a strong overprinting of HP granulite facies at a depth of ~50 km at ~177 Ma. The slab rollback that followed in response to a substantial density increase of the eclogitized oceanic plateau resulted in another rapid exhumation process at ~168 Ma and triggered the formation of abundant near‐simultaneous or later magmatic rocks.
Successive Rifting Events in Marginal Basins: The Example of the Coral Sea Region (Papua New Guinea)
Authors: Bulois Cédric , Pubellier Manuel , Chamot‐Rooke Nicolas , Delescluse Matthias 
Published: November 2017

AbstractReactivation of extensional structures is commonly inferred during rift evolution. In that context, we present original seismic interpretation to explore the geometry and interactions of three successive rifting events in the Coral Sea region, Papua New Guinea. The first event (R1), poorly documented, occurred during the Triassic along an older N‐S Permian structural fabric. During the Jurassic, extensional faults were reactivated through a second extensional episode (R2), which formed small (~10/20 km) basins bounded by N‐S, NE‐SW, and E‐W listric faults. Extension prolonged during the Lower Cretaceous with seafloor spreading in the Owen Stanley Oceanic Basin, now incorporated in the Papuan fold and thrust belts. A third Late Cretaceous extensional phase (R3) gently reactivated some of the faults with very limited landward tilt in most basins and deformation located along the present continent‐ocean transition. Seafloor spreading in the Coral Sea followed from Danian to Ypresian. This extensional system is sealed by unequally preserved Eocene strata that mark the onset of postrift thermal subsidence prior to the margin inversion from Oligocene onward. This overall evolution suggests various extensional systems that are geographically and temporarily defined the one another. The early rifting of the crust is controlled by preexisting continental features resulting in the local Pangaea breakup. In contrast, the Coral Sea propagator cuts through the rifted margin and is controlled by a subduction complex in accordance with the Tasman Sea opening. This evolution underlines the interactions existing between two extension modes in agreement with variations of the regional geodynamical setting around Australia.
Direct Probing of Polarization Charge at Nanoscale Level
Authors: Kwon Owoong , Seol Daehee , Lee Dongkyu , Han Hee , Lindfors‐Vrejoiu Ionela , Lee Woo , Jesse Stephen , Lee Ho Nyung , Kalinin Sergei V. , Alexe Marin , Kim Yunseok 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFerroelectric materials possess spontaneous polarization that can be used for multiple applications. Owing to a long‐term development of reducing the sizes of devices, the preparation of ferroelectric materials and devices is entering the nanometer‐scale regime. Accordingly, to evaluate the ferroelectricity, there is a need to investigate the polarization charge at the nanoscale. Nonetheless, it is generally accepted that the detection of polarization charges using a conventional conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) without a top electrode is not feasible because the nanometer‐scale radius of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip yields a very low signal‐to‐noise ratio. However, the detection is unrelated to the radius of an AFM tip and, in fact, a matter of the switched area. In this work, the direct probing of the polarization charge at the nanoscale is demonstrated using the positive‐up‐negative‐down method based on the conventional CAFM approach without additional corrections or circuits to reduce the parasitic capacitance. The polarization charge densities of 73.7 and 119.0 µC cm−2 are successfully probed in ferroelectric nanocapacitors and thin films, respectively. The obtained results show the feasibility of the evaluation of polarization charge at the nanoscale and provide a new guideline for evaluating the ferroelectricity at the nanoscale.
Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Arylation/Dehydroxylation of tert‐Propargylic Alcohols Leading to Tetrasubstituted Allenes
Authors: Liu Na , Zhi Yanle , Yao Jian , Xing Junhao , Lu Tao , Dou Xiaowei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDiverse tetrasubstituted allenes are obtained selectively by the reaction of tert‐propargylic alcohols and arylboroxines under rhodium catalysis. The reaction is assumed to proceed through an arylation/dehydroxylation process, which involves β‐hydroxide elimination of a β‐hydroxy alkenyl‐rhodium intermediate that is generated by regioselective arylrhodation of the tert‐propargylic alcohol. In addition, when enantioenriched propargylic alcohol was used to prepare optically active allene, high efficiency of central‐to‐axial chirality transfer was observed. The application of current method to structural modification of pharmaceutical drugs was also showcased by a highly diastereoselective transformation of mifepristone.magnified image
No sex difference in digit ratios (2D:4D) in the traditional Yali of Papua and its meaning for the previous hypotheses on the inter‐populational variability in 2D:4D
Authors: Marczak Michalina , Misiak Michał , Sorokowska Agnieszka , Sorokowski Piotr 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe ratio between the 2nd and 4th digit (2D:4D) is considered to be a sexually dimorphic trait in humans, with males having on average lower 2D:4D values than females. However, significant inter‐ and intra‐sexual differences in digit ratios across populations have been reported. In order to further explore factors influencing the variability of 2D:4D, we performed a study among the Yali, a traditional population from Papua.MethodsWe measured digit ratios of 79 adults (47 males) from the traditional Yali society, a polygamous group who inhabit a harsh high‐mountain environment almost directly on the equator.ResultsStatistical analysis of the data show no significant inter‐sexual difference in digit ratios in our sample.ConclusionsWe discuss the results in light of various factors that putatively shape the differences in digit ratios. We conclude that the results of our study contribute to the existing evidence suggesting that digit ratio might not be universally sexually dimorphic in humans.
Tattooing tools and the Lapita cultural complex
Authors: TORRENCE ROBIN , KONONENKO NINA , SHEPPARD PETER , ALLEN MELINDA S. , BEDFORD STUART , KIRCH PATRICK , SPRIGGS MATTHEW 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTA use‐wear and residue study of 56 retouched obsidian flakes from seven Lapita sites in Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu confirms that they had been used for tattooing. These specialised tools all bear one or more very small points formed by alternating retouch. A detailed comparison of use traces and pigments on these and 19 additional skin piercing tools analysed previously challenges the notion of homogeneity in cultural practices across the broad geographical range where Lapita pottery was used. The existence of shared innovations together with variation in the selection of pigments and the shape of the obsidian artefacts used for puncturing skin highlight a complex pattern of similarities and differences within this community of culture.
Nomenclature of Cutaneous Vasculitis
Authors: Sunderkötter Cord H. , Zelger Bernhard , Chen Ko‐Ron , Requena Luis , Piette ‎Warren , Carlson J. Andrew , Dutz Jan , Lamprecht Peter , Mahr Alfred , Aberer Elisabeth , Werth Victoria P. , Wetter David A. , Kawana Seiji , Luqmani Raashid , Frances Camille , Jorizzo Joseph , Watts J. Richard , Metze Dieter , Caproni Marzia , Alpsoy Erkan , Callen Jeffrey P. , Fiorentino David , Merkel Peter A. , Falk Ronald J. , Jennette J. Charles 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo prepare a dermatologic addendum to the 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides (CHCC2012) to address vasculitides affecting the skin (D‐CHCC). The goal was to standardize the names and definitions for cutaneous vasculitis.MethodsA nominal group technique with a facilitator was used to reach consensus on the D‐CHCCnomenclature, using multiple face‐to‐face meetings, e‐mail discussions, and teleconferences.ResultsStandardized names, definitions, and descriptions were adopted for cutaneous components of systemic vasculitides (e.g., cutaneous IgA vasculitis as a component of systemic IgA vasculitis), skin‐limited variants of systemic vasculitides (e.g., skin‐limited IgA vasculitis, drug‐induced skin‐limited antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis), and cutaneous single‐organ vasculitides that have no systemic counterparts (e.g., nodular vasculitis). Cutaneous vasculitides that were not included in theCHCC2012 nomenclature were introduced.ConclusionStandardized names and definitions are a prerequisite for developing validated classification and diagnostic criteria for cutaneous vasculitis. Accurate identification of specifically defined variants of systemic and skin‐limited vasculitides requires knowledgeable integration of data from clinical, laboratory, and pathologic studies. This proposed nomenclature of vasculitides affecting the skin, the D‐CHCC, provides a standard framework both for clinicians and for investigators.
Bimetallic Platinum‐Tin Nanoparticles on Hydrogenated Molybdenum Oxide for the Selective Hydrogenation of Functionalized Nitroarenes
Authors: Shu Yijin , Chan Hang Cheong , Xie Lifang , Shi Zhangping , Tang Yi , Gao Qingsheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 22/2017 is provided by the groups of Qingsheng Gao from Jinan University (China) and Yi Tang from Fudan University (China). The image shows a fast car driving in the right direction with meters indicating that the hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes is accelerated and directed by Pt‐Sn/H‐MoOx. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201700880.
Highly Selective Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to HCOOH on Dendritic Indium Foams
Authors: Xia Zheng , Freeman Matthew , Zhang Dongxiao , Yang Bin , Lei Lecheng , Li Zhongjian , Hou Yang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCO2 electrochemical reduction offers a potential technique to decrease the CO2 emission levels, but it has been hindered by the poor performance of electrocatalysts. In this work, the electrochemical reduction of CO2 has been studied by using a needle‐like porous indium electrode, which was electrodeposited in aqueous electrolytes containing Cl− using the hydrogen bubble dynamic template. This novel electrode displayed improved electrocatalytic activity, enhanced conversion efficiencies, and a lower onset potential −0.76 V vs. RHE), which was 0.3 V less than the indium foil electrode. Moreover, it exhibited enhanced faradaic efficiencies of 86 % for formate at −0.86 V vs. RHE and with a current density of 5.8 mA cm−2. This excellent catalytic activity is the result of a large electrochemical surface area and needle‐like dendrite structures in the presence of Cl− salts. Utilization of the novel nanostructured electrocatalysts and understanding of the role of salts can contribute to further improvements in CO2 reduction.
Graphene‐Like Multilayered CuS Nanosheets Assembled into Flower‐Like Microspheres and Their Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Properties
Authors: Liang Huijun , Shuang Wei , Zhang Yatian , Chao Shunjun , Han Huijuan , Wang Xiaobing , Zhang Hua , Yang Lin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGraphene‐like two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have many unique properties in diverse fields, but the synthesis method of graphene‐like CuS 2D nanomaterials is rarely studied. In this work, we reported that the CuS flower‐like superstructure microspheres with a solid core (CuS‐FSMs) were prepared by a facile hydrolysis method without a template or surfactant. The novel CuS‐FSM material showed a well‐define solid core of approximately 300–500 nm and a loose shell of 0.5–1 μm. More importantly, the loose shell of the CuS‐FSMs was constructed of graphene‐like CuS nanosheets (CuS‐GN). The formation mechanism indicated that the CuS‐FSMs were firstly formed on the surface of hexagonal prism‐shaped Cu3(TAA)3Cl3 precursors, and then the well‐defined solid core was produced through the Ostwald ripening of CuS‐GN. The electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction was employed as a probe reaction to gain insight into the properties of CuS‐FSMs, which exhibited a high limiting current density of 92.4 mA cm−2 and stability in 1 M KOH electrolyte.
Reversible Polymerization of Adamantane‐type [P4N10]10− Anions to Honeycomb‐type [P2N5]5− Layers under High‐Pressure
Authors: Bertschler Eva‐Maria , Niklaus Robin , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe high‐pressure polymorph Li5P2N5 of Li10P4N10 (=“2 Li5P2N5”) was synthesized by high‐pressure/high‐temperature reaction of LiPN2 and Li7PN4 or β‐Li10P4N10 at 9 GPa, using the Li3N self‐flux method in a Walker‐type multianvil assembly. Li5P2N5 is the first lithium nitridophosphate with a layered structure and is made up of corner sharing PN4 tetrahedra forming a corrugated honeycomb‐type layer of linked sechser‐rings in chair conformation. The arrangement of the P atoms is analogous to that of black phosphorus. The structure was elucidated from single‐crystal X‐ray data. To confirm the structure Rietveld refinement, 6Li, 7Li and 31P solid‐state NMR spectroscopy were conducted. To corroborate Li5P2N5 as the corresponding high‐pressure polymorph of β‐Li10P4N10 DFT calculations and temperature dependent X‐ray powder diffraction were carried out. DFT calculations estimated the transition pressure to 6.5 GPa (without accounting for temperature), which is in line with the synthesis pressure.
Diastereomeric Right‐ and Left‐Handed Helical Structures with Fourteen (R)‐Chiral Centers
Authors: Eto Ryo , Oba Makoto , Ueda Atsushi , Uku Tsubasa , Doi Mitsunobu , Matsuo Yosuke , Tanaka Takashi , Demizu Yosuke , Kurihara Masaaki , Tanaka Masakazu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe relationship between chiral centers and the helical‐screw control of their peptides has already been reported, but it has yet to be elucidated in detail. A chiral four‐membered ring α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acid with a (R,R)‐butane‐2,3‐diol acetal moiety at the γ‐position, but no α‐chiral carbon, was synthesized. X‐ray crystallographic analysis unambiguously revealed that its homo‐chiral heptapeptide formed right‐handed (P) and left‐handed (M) 310‐helical structures at a ratio of 1:1. They appeared to be enantiomeric at the peptide backbone, but diastereomeric with fourteen (R)‐configuration chiral centers. Conformational analyses of homopeptides in solution also indicated that diastereomeric (P) and (M) helices existed at approximately equal amounts, with a slight preference toward right‐handedness, and they quickly interchanged at room temperature. The circumstances of chiral centers are important for the control of their helical‐screw direction.
Metal Phosphides as Co‐Catalysts for Photocatalytic and Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Cao Shuang , Wang Chuan‐Jun , Fu Wen‐Fu , Chen Yong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Yong Chen and Wen‐Fu Fu at the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The image shows a series of transition metal phosphides act as co‐catalysts for photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting. The Minireview itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201701450.
Analysis of the row grounding technique in a memristor‐based crossbar array
Authors: Dozortsev Alexander , Goldshtein Israel , Kvatinsky Shahar 
Published: November 2017

SummaryUsing memristive devices within a crossbar array could pave the way for memories with higher density and speed than state‐of‐the‐art Flash memory, while maintaining relatively low energy. However, memristive crossbar arrays have great difficulty distinguishing logical states because of sneak path currents. The row grounding technique eliminates the sneak path effect, allowing reliable sampling of the memristor state. In this paper, we analyze the row grounding technique and propose several methods and constraints for the design of memristive crossbar arrays. When the row grounding technique is used for these arrays, our analysis shows that increasing the number of rows can help reduce read latency and energy, in contrast to the case of capacitive memory arrays. Simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis proposed in this paper. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental retinal ganglion cell death and retinotopicity of the murine retinocollicular projection
Authors: Beros Jamie , Rodger Jennifer , Harvey Alan R. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTDuring mammalian visual system development, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) undergo extensive apoptotic death. In mouse retina, approximately 50% of RGCs present at birth (postnatal day 0; P0) die by P5, at a time when axons innervate central targets such as the superior colliculus (SC). We examined whether RGCs that make short‐range axonal targeting errors within the contralateral SC are more likely to be eliminated during the peak period of RGC death (P1‐P5), compared with RGCs initially making more accurate retinotopic connections. A small volume (2.3 nL) of the retrograde nucleophilic dye Hoechst 33342 was injected into the superficial left SC of anesthetized neonatal C57Bl/6J mice at P1 (n = 5) or P4 (n = 8), and the contralateral retina wholemounted 12 hr later. Retrogradely labelled healthy and dying (pyknotic) RGCs were identified by morphological criteria and counted. The percentage of pyknotic RGCs was analyzed in relation to distance from the area of highest density RGC labelling, presumed to represent the most topographically accurate population. As expected, pyknotic RGC density at P1 was significantly greater than P4 (p < 0.05). At P4, the density of healthy RGCs 500–750 µm away from the central region was significantly less, although this was not reflected in altered pyknotic rates. However, at P1 there was a trend (p = 0.08) for an increased proportion of pyknotic RGCs, specifically in temporal parts of the retina outside the densely labelled center. Overall, the lack of consistent association between short‐range targeting errors and cell death suggests that most postnatal RGC loss is not directly related to topographic accuracy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 51–60, 2018
Role of central versus peripheral opioid system in antinociceptive and anti‐inflammatory effect of botulinum toxin type A in trigeminal region
Authors: Drinovac Vlah V. , Filipović B. , Bach‐Rojecky L. , Lacković Z. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough botulinum toxin type A (BT‐A) is approved for chronic migraine treatment, its site and mechanism of action are still elusive. Recently our group discovered that suppression of CGRP release from dural nerve endings might account for antimigraine action of pericranially injected BT‐A. We demonstrated that central antinociceptive effect of BT‐A in sciatic region involves endogenous opioid system as well. Here we investigated possible interaction of BT‐A with endogenous opioid system within the trigeminal region.MethodsIn orofacial formalin test we investigated the influence of centrally acting opioid antagonist naltrexone (2 mg/kg, s.c.) versus peripherally acting methylnaltrexone (2 mg/kg, s.c.) on BT‐A's (5 U/kg, s.c. into whisker pad) or morphine's (6 mg/kg, s.c.) antinociceptive effect and the effect on dural neurogenic inflammation (DNI). DNI was assessed by Evans blue‐plasma protein extravasation.ResultsNaltrexone abolished the effect of BT‐A on pain and dural plasma protein extravasation, whereas peripherally acting methylnaltrexone did not change either BT‐A's effect on pain or its effect on dural extravasation. Naltrexone abolished the antinociceptive and anti‐inflammatory effects of morphine, as well. However, methylnaltrexone decreased the antinociceptive effect of morphine only partially in the second phase of the test and had no significant effect on morphine‐mediated reduction in DNI.ConclusionsMorphine acts on pain in trigeminal region both peripherally and centrally, whereas the effect on dural plasma protein extravasation seems to be only centrally mediated. However, the interaction of BT‐A with endogenous opioid system, with consequent inhibition of nociceptive transmission as well as the DNI, occurs primarily centrally.SignificanceBotulinum toxin type A (BT‐A)'s axonal transport and potential transcytosis suggest that its antinociceptive effect might involve diverse neurotransmitters at different sites of trigeminal system. Here we discovered that the reduction in pain and accompanying DNI involves the interaction of BT‐A with central endogenous opioid system (probably at the level of trigeminal nucleus caudalis).