bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors for long‐term infliximab treatment in Crohn's disease patients: a 20‐year single centre experience
Authors: Billiet T. , Cleynen I. , Ballet V. , Ferrante M. , Van Assche G. , Gils A. , Vermeire S. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe long‐term efficacy of infliximab in patients with Crohn's disease is suboptimal.AimTo study prognostic factors for real‐life long‐term effcacy of infliximab in Crohn's disease.MethodsAll consecutive Crohn's disease patients treated with infliximab at a tertiary centre were retrospectively analysed. Only patients who received scheduled infliximab maintenance treatment were considered. Patient‐ and disease‐related factors were used to identify independent predictors of infliximab failure‐free survival using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsOf 1031 patients with Crohn's disease, 261 were eligible for inclusion. Median time on infliximab was 2.4 [IQR 1.4–4.7] years, and 65 (24.9%) patients experienced infliximab failure. Estimated 5‐year infliximab failure‐free survival was 65.9% (95% CI 58.3–73.5). Multivariate Cox regression identified disease duration ≥1 year (HR 2.5 (95% CI 1.2–5.2), P = 0.02), L1 disease location [HR 2.0 (1.1–3.5), P = 0.02], prior anti‐TNF use [HR 2.3 (1.1–4.8), P = 0.03], haemoglobin <13.5 g/dL [HR 2.3 (1.2–4.4), P = 0.02], not using therapeutic drug monitoring [HR 8.0 (4.1–15.6), P = 1 × 10−9], and first dose optimisation within first year [HR 3.7 (2.1–6.6), P = 5 × 10−6] as independent predictors of infliximab failure‐free survival. Stratifying patients into risk groups resulted in estimated 3‐year infliximab failure‐free survival rates ranging from 95.3% (94.2–96.4) to 26.3% (8.6–44.0) depending on the number of risk factors (P = 8 × 10−13).ConclusionsThis study identified several easy to obtain predictors of infliximab failure in patients with Crohn's disease, and these are in line with previous reports. Those with a high‐risk profile for infliximab failure in whom infliximab initiation is considered, should be treated as early as possible making use of therapeutic drug monitoring.
Ecoregionalization classification of wetlands based on a cluster analysis of environmental data
Authors: Lechner Alex M. , McCaffrey Nic , McKenna Phill , Venables William N. , Hunter John T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimEffective vegetation conservation requires reasonable certainty regarding the distribution, extent and classification of plant communities and ecoregions for assessing rarity. In this paper we describe a multivariate clustering approach based on environmental data for objectively defining temperate treeless palustrine wetland communities.LocationNew South Wales (NSW), Australia.MethodsIn NSW no comprehensive state‐wide map of wetland vegetation exists, with more than 200 vegetation maps produced by local and state governments at a range of spatial resolutions and extents. Using the available vegetation spatial data, we produced a composite map which identified 6323 wetlands >1 ha. We then used the partitioning around medoids cluster analysis method for grouping wetlands based on 12 climate, topography, geology and soils spatial data layers and the wetland locations. We tested a range of cluster numbers from three to 20, and assessed the stability of the clustering by calculating mean silhouette widths. The derived classes were then characterized in terms of number of individual wetlands and their area, and also the number and area of individual wetlands found within protected areas such as national parks.ResultsWe found a peak in the mean silhouette width at 11 clusters, indicating that this was the optimal number of clusters for classifying the wetland data. We produced maps of wetland density for each of the 11 clusters and described the mean and mode environmental characteristics of each cluster. Each cluster represented a unique combination of environmental variables. For example, wetlands in cluster 2 are typically in the south, in areas of low evaporation and low average temperatures. An assessment of rarity found that wetlands in the largest cluster class had an areal extent of 14 644 ha, compared to 1414 ha for the smallest cluster. All but one of the clusters had part of their range within protected areas.ConclusionsClustering environmental variables is an important but underutilized method for characterizing vegetation communities/ecoregions such as wetlands spatially. This approach can be used to produce objective, repeatable and defensible wetland community maps for assessing rarity.
Quantitative model for the blood pressure‐lowering interaction of valsartan and amlodipine
Authors: Heo Young‐A , Holford Nick , Kim Yukyung , Son Mijeong , Park Kyungsoo 
Published: August 2016

AimsThe objective of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) model to quantitatively describe the antihypertensive effect of combined therapy with amlodipine and valsartan.MethodsPK modelling was used with data collected from 48 healthy volunteers receiving a single dose of combined formulation of 10 mg amlodipine and 160 mg valsartan. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded during combined administration. SBP and DBP data for each drug alone were gathered from the literature. PKPD models of each drug and for combined administration were built with NONMEM 7.3.ResultsA two‐compartment model with zero order absorption best described the PK data of both drugs. Amlodipine and valsartan monotherapy effects on SBP and DBP were best described by an Imax model with an effect compartment delay. Combined therapy was described using a proportional interaction term as follows: (D1 + D2) +ALPHA×(D1 × D2). D1 and D2 are the predicted drug effects of amlodipine and valsartan monotherapy respectively. ALPHA is the interaction term for combined therapy. Quantitative estimates of ALPHA were −0.171 (95% CI: −0.218, −0.143) for SBP and −0.0312 (95% CI: −0.07739, −0.00283) for DBP. These infra‐additive interaction terms for both SBP and DBP were consistent with literature results for combined administration of drugs in these classes.ConclusionPKPD models for SBP and DBP successfully described the time course of the antihypertensive effects of amlodipine and valsartan. An infra‐additive interaction between amlodipine and valsartan when used in combined administration was confirmed and quantified.
Children's supernatural thinking as a signalling behaviour in early childhood
Authors: Hernández Blasi Carlos , Bjorklund David F. , Ruiz Soler Marcos 
Published: August 2016

In this study, we analysed the reaction times of 137 college students when making decisions on pairs of hypothetical children verbalizing different types of vignettes and/or exhibiting different physical appearance (photographs of faces). Vignettes depicted immature and mature versions of both supernatural (e.g., ‘The sun's not out today because it's mad’ vs. ‘The sun's not out today because the clouds are blocking it’) and natural (‘I can remember all 20 cards!’ vs. ‘I can remember 6 or 7 cards’) explanations to ordinary phenomena. Photographs of children's faces were morphed with a physical appearance of approximately 4–7 years old or approximately 8–10 years old. In earlier research, immature supernatural thinking produced positive‐affect reactions from adults and older adolescents (14–18 years old) towards young children, with cognitive cues being more important than physical‐appearance cues in influencing adults’ judgements. Reaction times to make decisions varied for the Supernatural and Natural vignettes and for the immature and mature vignettes/faces, reflecting the differential cognitive effort adults used for making decisions about aspects of children's physical appearance and verbal expressions. The findings were interpreted in terms of the critical role that young children's immature supernatural thinking has on adults’ perception, analogous to the evolved role of immature physical features on adults’ perception of infants.
Positional plagiocephaly reduces parental adherence to SIDS Guidelines and inundates the health system
Authors: Martiniuk A. , Jacob J. , Faruqui N. , Yu W. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study sought to better understand parent, grandparent and clinician views of prevention, treatment and costs of plagiocephaly.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted using focus groups and semi‐structured interviews. A grounded theory approach was taken to build theories from the qualitative data collected. A subjectivist epistemological orientation was taken under the paradigm of positivism.ResultsNinety‐one parents, 6 grandparents and 24 clinicians were recruited from the community as well as primary and tertiary care clinics. Plagiocephaly worried most parents because it could permanently affect their child's ‘looks’ and some thought it would affect a child's development. Parents were ‘willing to do anything’ to prevent plagiocephaly including using products or sleeping positions that are contraindicated under sudden infant death syndrome guidelines. Parents found the care pathway convoluted and inconsistent messages were given from different health providers. For clinicians, the high prevalence of flat head is ‘clogging up their patient pool’, taking up time they used to spend with children with more severe conditions.ConclusionThere is a need to re‐emphasize sudden infant death syndrome guidelines for families when they present with an infant with plagiocephaly. Stronger messaging regarding the lack of safety of current pillows marketed to prevent flat head may be useful to decrease their use. Increasing education for all health professionals including general practitioners, allied health and complementary health providers and standardizing assessment and referral criteria may allow the majority of diagnosis and treatment of positional plagiocephaly to occur at points of first contact (e.g. general practitioners, community nurse) and may prevent further burden on the health care system.
‘Remind‐to‐move’ treatment versus constraint‐induced movement therapy for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dong Vicky Anqin , Fong Kenneth N K , Chen Yun‐Feng , Tseng Stella S W , Wong Louisa M S 
Published: August 2016

AimTo evaluate ‘remind‐to‐move’ (RTM) treatment by comparing it with constraint‐induced movement therapy (CIMT) and conventional rehabilitation of the upper extremity in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP).MethodSeventy‐three children (44 males, 29 females; mean age 11y 8mo, standard deviation [SD] 3y 1mo) – with 20, 38, and 15 in Manual Ability Classification System levels I,II, andIIIrespectively – were recruited from three special schools and randomly selected for anRTM(n=25) orCIMT(n=24) programme (for 75h over 3wks) or for conventional rehabilitation (n=24). The Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test, the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (Subtest 3), the Caregiver Functional Use Survey, and arm movement duration captured by accelerometers were used at the baseline, post‐test, and 1‐month and 3‐month follow‐ups.ResultsBoth theRTMandCIMTtreatments achieved significant gains in manual capacities and spontaneous hand use immediately after the intervention compared with conventional rehabilitation, but there were no significant differences between the two interventions.InterpretationTheRTMtreatment demonstrated similar therapeutic effects withCIMTin manual dexterity and functional hand use, but both interventions were superior to conventional rehabilitation.RTMis recommended as an alternative treatment for the hemiplegic upper extremity in children withCP.
Trends in diabetes and obesity in Samoa over 35 years, 1978–2013
Authors: Lin S. , Naseri T. , Linhart C. , Morrell S. , Taylor R. , McGarvey S. T. , Magliano D. J. , Zimmet P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimsPopulation surveys of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity conducted in Samoa over three decades have used varying methodologies and definitions. This study standardizes measures, and trends of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity for 1978–2013 are projected to 2020 for adults aged 25–64 years.MethodsUnit records from eight surveys (n = 12 516) were adjusted to the previous census for Division of residence, sex and age to improve national representativeness. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is defined as a fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l and/or on medication. Obesity is defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Random effects meta‐regression was employed to assess time trends following logit transformation. Poisson regression from strata was used to assess the effects of mean BMI changes on Type 2 diabetes mellitus period trends.ResultsOver 1978–2013, Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence increased from 1.2% to 19.6% in men (2.3% per 5 years), and from 2.2% to 19.5% in women (2.2% per 5 years). Obesity prevalence increased from 27.7% to 53.1% in men (3.6% per 5 years) and from 44.4% to 76.7% (4.5% per 5 years) in women. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity prevalences increased in all age groups. From period trends, Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence in 2020 is projected to be 26% in men and women. Projected obesity prevalence is projected to be 59% in men and 81% in women. Type 2 diabetes mellitus period trends attributable to BMI increase are estimated as 31% (men) and 16% (women), after adjusting for age.ConclusionThis is the first study to produce trends of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in Samoa based on standardized data from population surveys. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is equally prevalent in both sexes, and obesity is widespread. Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence in Samoa is likely to continue to increase in the near future.
Differences in the pre‐diapause and pre‐oviposition accumulation of critical nutrients in adult females of the beetle Colaphellus bowringi
Authors: Tan Qian‐Qian , Feng Lian , Liu Wen , Zhu Li , Lei Chao‐Liang , Wang Xiao‐Ping 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn many insect species, the differentiation of development between diapause and reproduction first becomes obvious during the diapause preparation (pre‐diapause) and pre‐oviposition phases. However, the differentiation of nutrient accumulation between these two phases remains unclear. We compared the weights of pre‐diapause and reproductive adult female Colaphellus bowringi Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and measured their triacylglycerol (TAG), protein, and carbohydrate content from emergence until they had fed for 4 days post‐eclosion. We also compared the ovarian development and accumulation of lipid droplets between pre‐diapause and reproductive adult females in order to determine whether we could visually detect differences in nutrient allocation. The weights of both pre‐diapause and reproductive females increased with duration of feeding. The fresh weight and water content of pre‐diapause females was significantly lower than that of reproductive females after feeding for 3 days post‐eclosion. Pre‐diapause females channeled their reserves into TAG in the fat body, whereas reproductive females converted nutrients into proteins and carbohydrates for egg development. These results quantify differences in nutrient accumulation between pre‐diapause and reproductive adult female C. bowringi, and provide clues for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying differences in the allocation of nutrients between diapause and reproduction in insects.
Dispersal of diapausing Tetranychus urticae and T. kanzawai
Authors: Ghazy Noureldin Abuelfadl , Otsuki Hatsune , Sekido Tomoe , Yano Shuichi , Amano Hiroshi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch and Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acari: Tetranychidae) overwinter mostly as mated adult diapausing females. Their overwintering survival depends in part on their dispersal towards suitable habitats. We investigated the dispersal behaviour of diapausing females of T. urticae and T. kanzawai with respect to factors known to affect the dispersal of non‐diapausing mites: light, population density, gravity, and humidity. In general, diapausing females of T. urticae showed a stronger tendency to disperse than did those of T. kanzawai under all test conditions. High population density promoted the dispersal of diapausing T. urticae, but not of T. kanzawai. Dispersal of diapausing females of both species was not significantly affected by gravity, humidity, or whether feeding damage was caused by conspecifics or heterospecifics. On plants, more T. urticae than T. kanzawai moved downward. We propose that dispersal after the onset of diapause may be an important life‐history strategy in T. urticae, but not in T. kanzawai.
Lipoprotein lipase in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: function and prognostic implications
Authors: Rombout Ans , Verhasselt Bruno , Philippé Jan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by the accumulation of a clonal population of B cells in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs. More than 10 years ago, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA was identified as being strongly expressed in patients experiencing a more aggressive phenotype, while CLL patients with an indolent disease course lack expression of this marker. Since then, several reports confirmed the capability of LPL to predict CLL disease evolution at the moment of diagnosis. In contrast, data on the functional implications of LPL in CLL are scarce. LPL exerts a central role in overall lipid metabolism and transport, but plays additional, non‐catalytic roles as well. Which of those is more important in the pathogenesis of CLL remains largely unclear. Here, we review the current knowledge on the prognostic and biological relevance of LPL in CLL.
Crystal structures of spleen tyrosine kinase in complex with novel inhibitors: structural insights for design of anticancer drugs
Authors: Lee Sang Jae , Choi Jang‐Sik , Han Byeong‐Gu , Kim Hyoun Sook , Song Ho‐Juhn , Lee Jaekyoo , Nam Seungyoon , Goh Sung‐Ho , Kim Jung‐Ho , Koh Jong Sung , Lee Byung Il 
Published: August 2016

Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a cytosolic nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase that mediates key signal transduction pathways following the activation of immune cell receptors. SYK regulates cellular events induced by the B‐cell receptor and Fc receptors with high intrinsic activity. Furthermore, SYK has been regarded as an attractive target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancers. Here, we report the crystal structures of SYK in complex with seven newly developed inhibitors (G206, G207, O178, O194, O259, O272, and O282) to provide structural insights into which substituents of the inhibitors and binding regions of SYK are essential for lead compound optimization. Our kinase inhibitors exhibited high inhibitory activities against SYK, with half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of approximately 0.7–33 nm, but they showed dissimilar inhibitory activities against KDR, RET, JAK2, JAK3, and FLT3. Among the seven SYK inhibitors, O272 and O282 exhibited highly specific inhibitions against SYK, whereas O194 exhibited strong inhibition of both SYK and FLT3. Three inhibitors (G206, G207, and O178) more efficiently inhibited FLT3 while still substantially inhibiting SYK activity. The binding mode analysis suggested that a highly selective SYK inhibitor can be developed by optimizing the functional groups that facilitate direct interactions with Asn499.DatabaseThe atomic coordinates and structure factors for human SYK are in the Protein Data Bank under accession codes 4XG2 (inhibitor‐free form), 4XG3 (G206), 4XG4 (G207), 5GHV (O178), 4XG6 (O194), 4XG7 (O259), 4XG8 (O272), and 4XG9 (O282).
International collaborations in learning and teaching: perspectives from a visiting professorship
Authors: Spring Hannah , Kunkel Marita , Gilman Isaac , Henderson Nancy , White John 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article provides a reflection on the outcomes of an international collaboration between health librarians and academics at York St John University and Pacific University Oregon. In particular, it describes how a month‐long visiting professorship from an academic with a clinical librarian background at the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences helped to develop and inform teaching practice in the areas of information literacy and evidence‐based health practice on health programmes at Pacific University. Perspectives are offered from both institutions on the rich exchange of knowledge and practice that took place during the visit and the ongoing impact it has had on teaching practices.H. S.
Empowering international nursing students to become effective library users
Authors: Murray Aoife , Preston Hugh 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article summarises the research conducted for a dissertation which addressed the needs of students and academic staff of the Bachelor of Nursing International programme at St. Angela's College, Ireland. Aoife Murray completed an MSc Econ Information and Library Studies in 2015 from Aberystwyth University via distance learning. She gained a distinction for her work and has co‐written the article with Hugh Preston, her dissertation supervisor. Aoife highlights the recommendations she made as a result of her research and the programme put in place to deliver those recommendations. She also reports on some early evaluations of the new programme.AM
Licoricidin, an isoflavonoid isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisher, prevents UVA‐induced photoaging of human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Kim K. J. , Xuan S. H. , Park S. N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveLicoricidin is an isoflavonoid isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisher. In this study, we investigated the effects of licoricidin on photoaging of UVA‐irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs).MethodsIn vitro reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, cellular protective effect and inhibition of elastase activity was determined by Fe3+‐EDTA/H2O2 systems, photohaemolysis and elastase activity assay, respectively. Anti‐oxidative capacity of the compound was evaluated by fluorescent ELISA and 2′, 7′‐dichlorofluorescin‐diacetate (DCF‐DA) assay. The expression of protein and phosphorylation was examined using Western blot.ResultsThe ROS scavenging activity (OSC50) of licoricidin was 2.77 μM. It was 3.1‐fold higher than that of L‐ascorbic acid. Its protective effects were confirmed in a study of 1O2‐induced cellular damage to human erythrocytes. The τ50 value of 10 μM of licoricidin was 71.0 min; this was markedly higher than that obtained with α‐tocopherol (37.0 min). The elastase inhibitory activity of licoricidin (IC50 of 61.2 μM) was 2.1‐fold more potent than that of oleanolic acid. Licoricidin markedly reduced the UVA‐induced intracellular ROS in a concentration‐dependent manner. Western blot revealed that licoricidin attenuated the UVA‐dependent induction of MMP‐1 protein. Mechanistically, this appeared to be due to licoricidin‐dependent inhibition of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation, which resulted in decreased c‐Jun activation and reduced c‐Jun and c‐Fos expression.ConclusionLicoricidin blocks UVA‐induced photoaging via ROS scavenging. This activity converges to limit the activity of MMP‐1. These data suggest that licoricidin may be considered as an active ingredient in new topically applied anti‐ageing formulations.